tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determination of prostaglandin synthetase activity in rectal biopsy material and its significance in colonic disease.
Authors: D W Harris, P R Smith, C H Swan
Journal: Gut (1978)

A method is described for determining prostaglandin synthetase activity in milligram amounts of tissue. The procedure is based on the conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha-like substances. High levels of prostaglandin synthetase activity occurred in the inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and fell during successful drug therapy, but it is not yet known whether the cause of the inflammation first involves increased PG synthetase activity, or whether inflammation caused increase of PG synthetase.
Risk for Anaphylactoid Reaction from Contrast Media
Authors: Joseph J. Lieber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 December 1991Risk for Anaphylactoid Reaction from Contrast MediaJoseph J. Lieber, MDJoseph J. Lieber, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-12-985_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The recent article by Lang and colleagues (1) highlights the potential difficulties in using intravenous contrast agents in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy. Certainly, anaphylactoid reactions could be difficult to treat given the beta-blockade and the importance of using beta-agonists to ameliorate this condition.Glucagon, a polypeptide with diverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract (including the liver), plays a role in metabolic control. Glucagon raises cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels via noncatecholamine mechanisms and therefore has direct inotropic properties. Furthermore, glucagon can release catecholamines from a pheochromocytoma and can be used to increase cardiac contractility, especially in the...References1. LangAlpernVisintainerSmith DMPS. Increased risk for anaphylactoid reaction from contrast media in patients on beta-adrenergic blockers or with asthma. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:270-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GilmanRallNiesTaylor ATAP eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Eighth edition. New York: Pergamon Press; 1990:1488-9. Google Scholar1. ZalogaDelaceyHolmboeChernow GWEB. Glucagon reversal of hypotension in a case of anaphylactoid shock. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:65-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ShermanLazarEichacker MEP. A bronchodilator action of glucagon. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988;81:908-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SerwonskaFrick MO. Anti-anaphylactic activity of glucagon in guinea pigs with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988;81:238A. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Services Elmhurst Hospital Center Elmhurst, New York 11373 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPrincipales urgences iatrogènes médicamenteusesAnaphylaxis and beta blockers: glucagon could be the answer 15 December 1991Volume 115, Issue 12Page: 985-985KeywordsAdenosine monophosphateCatecholaminesCyclic adenosine monophosphateGastrointestinal tractGlucagonLiverPheochromocytomaPolypeptides Issue Published: 15 December 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Hazards of Involuntary Smoking in the Restaurant Workplace
Authors: Gray Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In 1988 I participated in a press conference in New York to present the findings of a survey of tobacco smoke exposure in restaurants compared with offices. We informed reporters that the study and the press conference itself were sponsored by the tobacco industry. Our conclusions were that of the various components of tobacco smoke, nicotine, particulates, carbon monoxide, and the like, only nicotine was source-specific and this was the only substance that could be used as a marker of airborne tobacco concentrations. Our analyses of 46 offices and 49 restaurants yielded average airborne nicotine concentrations of 4.3 μg/m<sup>3</sup>of air and 6.2 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. These figures can be compared with the permissible exposure limit of 500 μg/m<sup>3</sup>specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for workplace exposure. Skeptics doubted the accuracy of our data, suggesting bias as a result of the source
Functional SNPs in the lymphotoxin-α gene that are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction
Authors: Kouichi Ozaki, Yozo Ohnishi, Aritoshi Iida, Akihiko Sekine, Ryo Yamada, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Hiroshi Sato, Hideyuki Sato, Masatsugu Hori, Yusuke Nakamura, Toshihiro Tanaka
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Abstract 1199: Isolation and characterization of human breast epithelial cells
Authors: Steven Hoynowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United States and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in this population. Roughly 232,000 women in the U.S. were diagnosed with malignant breast cancer in 2013 and approximately 40,000 of these patients will die. The majority of breast cancers originate in the lobular or ductal cells of the milk-producing glands. In these structures, there are two main cell types: the inner luminal cells, which are surrounded by basal myoepithelium. These cells are structurally distinct and are the precursors to variable forms of breast cancer. As such, it is important to study them not only separately but also together. Current methods for culturing human mammary epithelial cells select for those of a basal phenotype. Isolation of pure basal and luminal cell populations was accomplished by using antibody-linked magnetic beads to isolate essentially pure populations of both basal (CALLA/CD10) and luminal mammary (MUC-1/CD227) epithelial cells from organoid explant cultures. Organoids were isolated and plated on collagen I coated flasks in either DFCI (basal) or MBCM (luminal) media and cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 to induce cell migration. The media was replenished every 2 - 3 days until the cells reached confluence. Cultured cells were harvested and immunopurified using a CALLA/CD10 or MUC-1/CD227 antibody and magnetic beads. Positively selected cells were seeded in tissue culture treated flasks and propagated with medium exchange every 2 - 3 days. Each cell population was analyzed using flow cytometry to determine their purity. The DFCI/CD10 cells were over 98% CD10 positive with very little MUC1 reactivity, suggesting that they are an essentially pure basal epithelial cell population. The cells isolated using MBCM/MUC1 appear to be a mixed population with 86% MUC1 positive luminal cells and the remainder being CD10 positive basal cells. A second round of immunopurification resulted in an isolated cell population that was greater than 95% MUC1 positive, suggesting a pure luminal epithelial cell population. This procedure has been used on several organoid preparations and has generated high cell yields in addition to high cell purity. These isolated cell types can now be tested individually for drug sensitivity. Citation Format: Steven Hoynowski. Isolation and characterization of human breast epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1199. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1199
Marrow Transplantation for Nonmalignant Disorders
Authors: E. Donnall Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

It was first shown in rodents that the use of a marrow-graft donor matched at the major histocompatibility complex reduced the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease and considerably increased the likelihood of long-term survival of the recipient.1 The demonstration in an outbred species, the dog, that littermate donors matched for major histocompatibility complex could be selected by serologic typing, with subsequent long-term survival of the chimeric recipient,2 set the stage for marrow transplantations using matched pairs of human sibling donor-recipients. Marrow transplantations for non-malignant disorders using matched siblings were undertaken first in children with immunologic deficiency disorders3 and subsequently . . .
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS FROM INFLUENZA PATIENTS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

During the course of animal experiments with the anaerobic filter-passing organisms cultivated from epidemic influenzal sources, certain pulmonary infections with ordinary bacteria have been observed. The experiments also have shown that the lungs of animals infected with Bacterium pneumosintes are less resistant than normal lungs to infection with ordinary bacteria. The demonstration of this fact invites a comparison of the course of these experimental bacterial infections with the sequence of postinfluenzal pneumonias attributable to similar organisms in man. These observations furnish additional proof of the identity of Bacterium pneumosintes and the active agent derived from the nasopharyngeal secretions of patients in the early hours of epidemic influenza.
Birth Control and Love: The Complete Guide to Contraception and Fertility
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

If anyone of lesser ability than Alan Guttmacher had tried to present in a relatively brief compass "A Complete Guide to Contraception and Overcoming Infertility, With Detailed Consideration of the Pill, the IUD, Rhythm, Sterilization, Abortion, and Artificial Insemination," the results would have been dismal. But in<i>Birth Control and Love</i>, written with the help of Winifred Best and Frederic S. Jaffe, Dr. Guttmacher has produced a book of considerable value which examines all of these important facts in some depth. The style is discursive and sprightly, with numerous amusing anecdotes drawn from a long and extensive practice of obstetrics and gynecology. The layman reads the volume as if she were sitting in Dr. Guttmacher's office receiving sound answers to innumerable questions, and obviously it is she who will derive the greatest benefit from the book. Unfortunately, the language is sometimes technical and sometimes directed to a high school drop-out,
Clinical and prognostic importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4) electrocardiographic ST segment depression in patients with inferior transmural myocardial infarction.
Authors: N J Lembo, M R Starling, L J Dell'Italia, M H Crawford, T K Chaudhuri, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Forty-three consecutive patients with acute inferior transmural myocardial infarction but no history or electrocardiographic evidence of prior myocardial infarction were evaluated prospectively to assess the clinical and prognostic importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4) ST segment depression. Patients were evaluated within 24 hr of admission by history, physical examination, cardiac enzyme levels, right heart catheterization, and radionuclide angiography; all were followed for 1 year. Ten of the 43 patients (group I) had persistent anterior precordial ST segment depression, defined as 1 mm or greater in one or more precordial leads (V1-V4) 24 hr after admission to the coronary care unit, and 33 patients (group II) did not. Clinical variables that differed between groups I and II, respectively, included mean age (67 +/- 9 [+/- 1 SD] vs 59 +/- 8 years; p less than .01), incidence of Killip class II to IV (100% vs 33%; p less than .001), and average peak creatine kinase concentration (2878 +/- 1139 vs 1511 +/- 1034 IU/liter; p less than .001). Hemodynamic differences between groups I and II included a higher pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (19 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 5 mm Hg; p less than .001) and a lower cardiac index (2.0 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2; p less than .05). An evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion index by radionuclide angiography showed that group I had a lower ejection fraction (44 +/- 11% vs 53 +/- 10%; p less than .05) and higher wall motion index (1.7 +/- 0.4 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3; p less than .05) compared with group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treat pregnant HIV positive women earlier to prevent transmission, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Health Organization has issued new guidelines on treating HIV that call for earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment for adults and adolescents and for prolonged use of the drugs to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus from mothers to children.

WHO is now recommending that antiretroviral treatment be begun “at a higher CD4 threshold of 350 cells/mm3 for all HIV positive patients, including pregnant women, regardless of symptoms.” Previous guidelines issued in 2006 stipulated that all patients start antiretroviral treatment when their CD4 count fell to 200 cells per mm3 or lower.

The agency also recommends that countries phase out the use of stavudine, also known as d4T, “because …
Risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism in women was increased for ≥ 12 weeks and varied by type of surgery
Authors: Mark Crowther
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Sweetland S, Green J, Liu B, et al. Duration and magnitude of the postoperative risk of venous thromboembolism in middle aged women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b4583. 19959589
Rheumatoid Factor in Nonrheumatoid Pleural Effusions
Authors: HAROLD LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Among 65 consecutive patients with serous nonrheumatoid pleural effusions, the pleural fluid contained rheumatoid factor (RF) or rheumatoid factor-like activity at a titer of ≧ 1:160 in 41% of patients with bacterial pneumonia, 20% of patients with carcinoma, and 14% of patients with tuberculosis. From 6% to 15% of patients with these diseases showed RF in the pleural fluid to titers of 1:1280. The occurrence of this antibody in pleural fluid cannot be considered specifically related to rheumatoid disease.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON COMPENSATION FOR EYE INJURIES
Authors: Nelson M. Black
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The Committee on Compensation for Eye Injuries was appointed by the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association in 1919. It has submitted several reports. These have been accepted but not adopted, as more time was deemed necessary for further research. Herewith we submit a final report based on the results of our investigations, both experimental and clinical. <h3>SCOPE</h3> The aim of the committee is to establish a method of determining the loss of visual efficiency of a person who has suffered any degree of impairment of vision as the result of occupational disease, or injury. Such loss is to be the basis on which the amount of compensation shall be determined. <h3>SECTION I. COMPENSATION BASED ON THE VISUAL EFFICIENCY OF THE INDIVIDUAL</h3> Compensation for loss of vision should be that proportional part of the compensation provided by law for total permanent disability which expresses the percentage loss of
A History of Clinical Psychiatry: The Origin and History of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Louis L. Lunsky
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This unique book deals with the origin of psychiatric disorders. There is a sweep of 4000 years, going back to the Greeks, who were the first to classify and accept psychiatric diseases as natural disorders. The disorders, which had been considered a sign of divine punishment, could instead then be studied and treated.  The volume has three parts: Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Functional Psychoses, and Neuroses and Personality Disorders. There are 44 contributors and very detailed chapter bibliographies. Each topic has both a clinical section and a social section, which adds to the comprehensiveness. Some conditions described by these British authors, eg, strokes, parkinsonism, Huntington disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, are not treated by American psychiatrists, but rather neurologists.  The authors provide a panoramic understanding of the diseases as viewed by physicians of different eras, such as Galen, who described dynamic and static tremors, and Parkinson, who described the gradual and insidious
Cardiovascular risk factor levels and their relationships with overweight and fat distribution in children: The Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II study
Authors: Jérémie Botton, Barbara Heude, Adrien Kettaneh, Jean-Michel Borys, Agnès Lommez, Jean-Louis Bresson, Pierre Ducimetiere, Marie-Aline Charles
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Elasticity of frozen aortic valve homografts
Authors: R. PARKER, K. NANDAKUMARAN, N. AL-JANABI, D. N. ROSS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Journal Article Elasticity of frozen aortic valve homografts Get access R. PARKER, R. PARKER From the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, and Cardiothoracic Institute, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. NANDAKUMARAN, K. NANDAKUMARAN From the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, and Cardiothoracic Institute, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. AL-JANABI, N. AL-JANABI From the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, and Cardiothoracic Institute, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. N. ROSS D. N. ROSS From the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, and Cardiothoracic Institute, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 1977, Pages 156–159, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/11.2.156 Published: 01 March 1977
The causes and prevention of cancer: gaining perspective.
Authors: B N Ames, L S Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Epidemiological studies have identified several factors that are likely to have a major effect on reducing rates of cancer: reduction of smoking, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and control of infections. Other factors include avoidance of intense sun exposure, increased physical activity, and reduced consumption of alcohol and possibly red meat. Risks of many types of cancer can already be reduced, and the potential for further reductions is great. In the United States, cancer death rates for all cancers combined are decreasing, if lung cancer (90% of which is due to smoking), is excluded from the analysis. We review the research on causes of cancer and show why much cancer is preventable. The idea that traces of synthetic chemicals, such as DDT, are major contributors to human cancer is not supported by the evidence, yet public concern and resource allocation for reduction of chemical pollution are very high, in part because standard risk assessment uses linear extrapolation from limited data in high-dose animal cancer tests. These tests are done at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and are typically misinterpreted to mean that low doses of synthetic chemicals and industrial pollutants are relevant to human cancer. About half the chemicals tested, whether synthetic or natural, are carcinogenic to rodents at such high doses. Almost all chemicals in the human diet are natural. For example, 99.99% of the pesticides we eat are naturally present in plants to ward off insects and other predators. Half of the natural pesticides that have been tested at the MTD are rodent carcinogens. Cooking food produces large numbers of natural dietary chemicals. Roasted coffee, for example, contains more than 1000 chemicals: of 27 tested, 19 are rodent carcinogens. Increasing evidence supports the idea that the high frequency of positive results in rodent bioassays is due to testing at the MTD, which frequently can cause chronic cell killing and consequent cell replacement-a risk factor for cancer that can be limited to high doses. Because default risk assessments use linear extrapolation, which ignores effects of the high dose itself, low-dose risks are often exaggerated.
Resection for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. R. Edge, D. E. Bottrill
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Case 2 A man of 62, with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchopneumonia, and slight heart failure, deteriorated during the first three days in hospital.He was severely anoxic, but the administration of 02, either intermittently or continuously, at low flow rates (1-3 1./min.),caused C02 narcosis.When he was breathing air his arterial pCO2 was 74 mm.Hg and 02 saturation 39%.The administration of 02 at 7 1./min.by oronasal mask caused the pCO2 to rise to 140 mm.Hg.A continuous intravenous infusion of 2% nikethamide in 5% glucose was started.There was no clinical response until the rate of administration was raised to 80 mg./min.for 12 hours.At this time he became fully conscious, coughed up copious quantities of sputum, and became very breathless.Subsequently consciousness was maintained and the arterial C02 tension was reduced to 85-90 mm.Hg by a rate of administration of 36-48 mg./min.Attempts to decrease the rate of admin- istration caused unconsciousness, with slow shallow breathing.Stopping the 02 caused intense cyanosis.Ventilation was maintained with nikethamide in the above dosage for 24 hours, and his clinical condition was satis- factory.He then became unconscious and his breathing became slower and shallower.The arterial pC02 rose to 120mm.Hg and his blood pressure fell abruptly.Increas- ing the rate of administration of nikethamide produced no improvement.Artificial ventilation by positive pressure through a tracheostomy reduced the pC02 to 60-73 mm.Hg, but the hypotension persisted and he died.Necropsy was not performed.
Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Sharon B. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

WITHIN the present decade, the outlook for cure of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has improved greatly. The survival with conventional therapy in the previous two decades was roughly 30 per cent in several reported childhood series.1 Current intensive combined-modality regimens now report overall two-year survival of more than half the children. Since recurrence of disease in childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is very rare beyond two years from diagnosis, these children appear to be cured.A perception of what constitutes optimal therapy today for these children is evolving in the light of increased understanding of the cellular origins of childhood lymphoproliferative disease, . . .