tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and prognostic significance of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in severe acute hepatitis with ascites
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, King-Wah Chiu, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The prevalence and prognostic significance of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were prospectively studied in a series of 82 acute hepatitis patients decompensated with ascites. The in-hospital prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was 31.7% (26 of 82 patients). Twenty cases were culture positive, including one with multiple isolates, and six cases were culture negative. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common pathogens, accounting for 71.4% (15 of 21) of the total isolates, whereas only 9.5% were gram-positive organisms. No significant difference in the age, sex, cause of acute hepatitis, liver biochemistry, prothrombin time and ascites fluid concentration of total protein was noted between patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and those without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, except that bacteremia was recognized significantly more frequently in the former (57.7% or 15 of 26 patients) than in the latter (25.0% or 14 of 56 patients, p less than 0.005). In addition, patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, when compared with those without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, were more likely to have kidney failure (57.7% vs. 30.4%, p less than 0.05) and had a significantly higher mortality rate (73.1% vs. 39.3%, p less than 0.01). Among patients without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the prevalence of kidney failure and gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the mortality rate in patients with bacteremia (57.1%, 64.3% and 71.4%, respectively) were significantly higher than in those without bacteremia (21.4%, 19.0% and 28.6%, respectively; p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, 31.7% of severe acute hepatitis patients with ascites were recognized as having spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; the other 17.1% had bacteremia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ADAMTS-13 cysteine-rich/spacer domains are functionally essential for von Willebrand factor cleavage
Authors: Kenji Soejima, Masanori Matsumoto, Koichi Kokame, Hideo Yagi, Hiromichi Ishizashi, Hiroaki Maeda, Chikateru Nozaki, Toshiyuki Miyata, Yoshihiro Fujimura, Tomohiro Nakagaki
Journal: Blood (2003)
Varicosities of the Pulmonary Veins Simulating Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: William P. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In four cases, the original diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula proved to be incorrect. Pulmonary angiography readily established the correct diagnosis of varicosity of the pulmonary vein in each case. Such varicosities are congenital in origin and probably have little significance, although cases of spontaneous rupture have been reported. Awareness of this lesion should prevent a misdiagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or other serious, radiographically evident lesion.
Tc-99m MIBI Scintigraphy in Patients With Lung Cancer Comparison with CT and Fluorine-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: HUI WANG, SIMONE MAUREA, CIRO MAINOLFI, FRANCESCO FIORE, ADRIANO GRAVINA, MARIA RCSARIA PANICO, LUCIO BAZZICALUPO, MARCO SALVATORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Tc-99m MIBI imaging has been used to evaluate patients with different neoplastic disorders, but its role in nuclear oncology has not been definitely established. In this study, we compared the results of Tc-99m MIBI (planar and SPECT imaging) with those of F-18 FDG PET radionuclide studies in 19 patients who had proven lung cancer. One patient was studied in follow-up. All patients underwent chest CT scans. MIBI and FDG images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using region of interest analysis. Quantitative evaluation of MIBI and FDG activities in lung-tumor lesions was performed calculating tumor/nontumor ratios. On CT, 18 lung tumors were detected, while one patient was disease free. For lung lesions, the diagnostic sensitivity of planar MIBI imaging was 83%, while those of MIBI SPECT and FDG PET were both 100%. The quantitative analysis of lungtumor MIBI and FDG activities showed that FDG uptake was significantly (P <0.001) higher compared with MIBI uptake (5.5 ± 3.1 vs 2.1 ± 0.6); concordant MIBI and FDG images were found in 4 lesions in terms of central activity defect showing central necrotic tumor tissue. For lymph node abnormalities, planar MIBI scan only detected 3 lesions in 3 patients, whereas MIBI SPECT identified 9 lesions in 5 patients. FDG PET showed 13 lymph node abnormalities in 5 patients. This study shows similar results of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and F-18 FDG PET in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with lung tumors. However, FDG lung tumor uptake was significantly higher compared with MIBI accumulation, suggesting a high glucose tumor metabolism. Thus, MIBI SPECT imaging may be useful to evaluate such patients and may be considered an alternative when PET is not available.
Cigarette Smoking and Chest Pain
Authors: GARY D. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Analysis of questionnaire responses of 70208 persons undergoing multiphasic health checkups showed a greater proportion of cigarette smokers than nonsmokers (excesses averaging 1.6-fold in white men, 1.3-fold in white women) admitting to nine types of chest pain. This excess in smokers was greater in younger individuals, and applied about equally to anginalike and nonanginalike pain. The smoking/chest pain association was not explained by greater alcohol or coffee consumption, diminished pain tolerance, or less reliability among smokers; nor did it appear to be mediated chiefly by excess cough, shortness of breath, coronary disease, or musculoskeletal complaints in smokers. Although smokers averaged more complaints than nonsmokers, chest pain resembled clearly smoking-related symptoms, such as cough, when the number of each subject's complaints was considered. Although more smokers had chest pain no type of pain was unique to smokers, suggesting that the "tobacco angina" concept be discarded or reserved for rare patients with coronary heart disease in whom smoking clearly provokes angina pectoris.
Decreased likelihood of response to cardiac resynchronization in patients with severe heart failure
Authors: Bàrbara Vidal, Victoria Delgado, Lluís Mont, Sílvia Poyatos, Etelvino Silva, María Ángeles Castel, José M. Tolosana, Antonio Berruezo, Josep Brugada, Marta Sitges
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Dangers of Cigarette-smoking
Authors: R. A. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<b>Aims and Objectives:</b> Endobronchial ultrasound elastography may help distinguish malignant from benign lymph nodes. The diagnostic value of elastography was evaluated in this prospective single-center trial. <b>Methods:</b> Elastographic image from 42 lymph nodes were reviewed by 3 pneumologists, independently and blinded for the pathological result. The elastographic image was classified based on the predominant colour: predominantly green, intermediary and predominantly blue. With 2 or 3 interobserver matches, the corresponding elastographic image was correlated with the pathological result obtained from EBUS-TBNA and/or other invasive procedures. <b>Results:</b> All three reviewers agreed in classifying of elastographic image in 35.7% (15/42), two readers in 59.5% (25/42). On cytological/histological evaluation, 26 lymph nodes were malignant, 16 were benign. The elastography classification of lymph nodes and its correlation with the pathological result is presented in Table 1. In classifying “green” as benign and “blue” as malignant, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value and negative predicted value were 83.3%, 71.4%, 88.2% and 62.5%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Elastography will not replace invasive EBUS-TBNA but will maybe present an additional feature that may help identify malignant lymph nodes.
How Long Should Insulin Be Used Once a Vial Is Started?
Authors: John H. Holcombe, Marci L. Daugherty, Michael R. De Felippis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The results of the 5th and final year, Fiscal Year 2003, are included in Table 1.We obviously did not come close to realizing this ambitious goal.In my 1998 Presidential Address, I compared the ADA to a large ship in which a new course first required a change of direction (which would occur slowly) before proceeding toward and hopefully reaching a new port.It's obvious that we have not reached that port, and realistically speaking, we probably never will.However, I would be remiss if I didn't point out the following.In each of the previous years, the increase in funding for Research Awards and Grants was much less than
High-level transgene expression in induced pluripotent stem cell–derived megakaryocytes: correction of Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Spencer K. Sullivan, Jason A. Mills, Sevasti B. Koukouritaki, Karen K. Vo, Randolph B. Lyde, Prasuna Paluru, Guoha Zhao, Li Zhai, Lisa M. Sullivan, Yuhuan Wang, Siddharth Kishore, Eyad Z. Gharaibeh, Michele P. Lambert, David A. Wilcox, Deborah L. French, Mortimer Poncz, Paul Gadue
Journal: Blood (2013)
F-18 FDG PET Imaging of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Authors: Keisuke Enomoto, Yoshihiko Hoshida, Kenichiro Hamada, Tatsuya Okada, Takeshi Kubo, Jun Hatazawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 58-year-old woman presented with a half-year history of multiple enlarging right frontal neck masses. She denied cough, pain, or any other symptoms. The CT and MRI scan detected only multiple right neck lymphadenopathy. Since malignant lymphoma was suspected, a whole body F-18 FDG PET was performed, and revealed increased tracer uptake of the neck tumor. No other lesions with elevated F-18 FDG accumulation were found. After an open biopsy, a lymph node specimen confirmed tuberuclous lymphadenitis without malignancy. F-18 FDG PET for cervical lymphadenopathy can be associated with false-positive findings, which may lead to a wrong diagnosis.
IS THE RIGHT RADIAL ACCESS AN ACCEPTABLE APPROACH FOR CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH AN IN-SITU LEFT MAMMARY GRAFT?
Authors: Yves Louvard, Thierry Lefevre, Thierry Unterseeh, Hakim Benamer, Thomas Hovasse, Oscar Tavolaro, Philippe Garot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 induces hepatic dedifferentiation by suppressing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β
Authors: Irit Meivar-Levy, Tamar Sapir, Shiraz Gefen-Halevi, Vered Aviv, Iris Barshack, Nicholas Onaca, Eytan Mor, Sarah Ferber
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

It is believed that adult tissues in mammals lack the plasticity needed to assume new developmental fates because of the absence of efficient pathways of dedifferentiation. However, the well-documented ability of the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (PDX-1) to activate pancreatic lineage development and insulin production following ectopic expression in liver suggests a surprising degree of residual plasticity in adult liver cells. This study seeks a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of PDX-1 to endow liver cells with pancreatic characteristics and function. We demonstrate that PDX-1, previously shown to play an essential role in normal pancreatic organogenesis and pancreatic beta-cell function and to possess the potential to activate multiple pancreatic markers in liver, can also direct hepatic dedifferentiation. PDX-1 represses the adult hepatic repertoire of gene expression and activates the expression of the immature hepatic marker alpha-fetoprotein. We present evidence indicating that PDX-1 triggers hepatic dedifferentiation by repressing the key hepatic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta. Hepatic dedifferentiation is necessary though not sufficient for the activation of the mature pancreatic repertoire in liver.Our study suggests a dual role for PDX-1 in liver: inducing hepatic dedifferentiation and activating the pancreatic lineage. The identification of dedifferentiation signals may promote the capacity to endow mature tissues in mammals with the plasticity needed for acquiring novel developmental fates and functions to be implemented in the field of regenerative medicine.
A Study of Illness in a Group of Cleveland Families
Authors: William S. Jordan, George F. Badger, John H. Dingle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ADENOVIRUS antibodies are common in civilian populations,1 , 2 and yet a number of studies have found consistently that these viruses cause only 0.5 to 3.0 per cent of the respiratory illnesses suffered by families, college students and adults.3 Clinical adenovirus infections may be uncommon in the groups studied because in many of the patients immunity had already developed as a result of such infections earlier in life. Indeed, by the age of five years, over 80 per cent of children have antibody to at least one type, and approximately 50 per cent have antibodies to two or more types.1 , 2 If the . . .
Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine interrelations with obesity, insulin, and the metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Zoe S.K. Lee, Julian A.J.H. Critchley, Brian Tomlinson, Robert P. Young, G.Neil Thomas, Clive S. Cockram, Thomas Y.K. Chan, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Future Plans for Cancer Control
Authors: A. B. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We are now less than 12 years from the year 2000. During that short period, largely as a result of a program that was due to begin in 1985, the National Cancer Institute hopes to reduce cancer mortality by 25% to 50%.<sup>1</sup>This goal has rightly been extensively discussed, largely in terms of the feasibility of achieving that objective.<sup>2,3</sup>In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Breslow and Cumberland<sup>4</sup>introduce an additional perspective, the need for greater emphasis on application of current knowledge and research on cancer prevention, though they also devote considerable space to a discussion of the feasibility issue. While agreeing with much of what they say, I would like to try and change the focus of the discussion in a way that I hope may be more productive for cancer control. My major concern is that the facts should be correctly interpreted and that our
Variability of Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A in Spot Samples, First Morning Voids, and 24-Hour Collections
Authors: Xiaoyun Ye, Lee-Yang Wong, Amber M. Bishop, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is widespread. After exposure, BPA is rapidly metabolized and eliminated in urine. Therefore, there is considerable within-person and between-person variability of BPA concentrations in spot urine samples. However, no information exists on the within-day variability of urinary BPA concentrations.We examined the between-person and within-person and between-day and within-day variability in the urinary BPA concentrations of eight adults who collected all voids for 1 week to investigate the impact of sampling strategy in the exposure assessment of BPA using spot, first morning, or 24-hr urine collections.We determined the urinary concentrations of BPA using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.The between-day and within-person variability was the primary contributor to the total variance both for first morning voids (77%) and 24-hr urine collections (88%). For the spot collections, we observed considerable within-day variance (70%), which outweighed the between-person (9%) and between-day and within-person (21%) variances.Regardless of the type of void (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection), urinary BPA concentrations for a given adult changed considerably--both within a day and for the 7 days of the study period. Single 24-hr urine collections accurately reflect daily exposure but can misrepresent variability in daily exposures over time. Of interest, when the population investigated is sufficiently large and samples are randomly collected relative to meal ingestion times and bladder emptying times, the single spot-sampling approach may adequately reflect the average exposure of the population to BPA.
Acral persistent papular mucinosis
Authors: I.H. COULSON, R.B. MALLETT, C.A. HOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The case is reported of a 56-year-old man with an unusual papular eruption on the forearms with deposition of mucin in the dermis. The clinical and histopathological features were consistent with acral persistent papular mucinosis, a recently described focal type of cutaneous mucinosis.
First report of anaphylactic reaction after fig (<i>Ficus carica</i>) ingestion
Authors: C. Dechamp, J.‐C. Bessot, G. Pauli, P. Deviller
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We report an anaphylactic reaction which occurred very shortly after ingestion of a fresh fig. The IgE‐dependent mechanism was demonstrated on the basis of positivity of the prick test performed with fresh fig (Ficus carica) extract. In addition, we were able to detect specific IgE to the same extract in the serum. The patient did not demonstrate sensitization to other common allergens involved in respiratory and food allergies. However, detection of specific IgE to F. benjamina indicated a sensitization to weeping fig. The CAP F. benjamina was partially inhibited by preincubation of the serum with fig extract, suggesting that these two species of Ficus share some common allergens. In this context, the assumption can be made that weeping fig was responsible for the initial sensitization in this patient.
Pharmacokinetics and Regional Electrophysiological Effects of Intracoronary Amiodarone Administration
Authors: John N. Nanas, Jay W. Mason
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The reason for the delay in onset of the electrophysiological effects and antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone is not clear. The relation between the development of the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone and its myocardial concentration is unknown. We therefore examined the time course of development of electrophysiological effects during intracoronary infusion of amiodarone and related these changes to myocardial concentrations.Amiodarone (0.139 mg/min) or normal saline was infused for 10 hours into the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of 24 open-chest dogs. Nineteen animals received intracoronary amiodarone and 5 received normal saline (control group). Ten of the 19 that received amiodarone underwent electrophysiological study (amio-EPS group). Sixteen of the 19, including 7 from the amio-EPS group, underwent pharmacological study (PS group). In the amio-EPS group during pacing at a cycle length of 300 ms, changes in conduction velocities in drug-exposed myocardium referenced to nonexposed myocardium at 1 hour of infusion were -3.7% in the longitudinal direction (P = NS) and -7.2% in the transverse direction (P < .05); at 3 hours, -12.9% (P < .05) and -9.1% (P < .05); and at 9 hours, -32.9% (P < .02) and -31.7% (P < .01). These changes were dependent on amiodarone concentration (R2 = .83). There was also an obvious rate-dependent effect that was more pronounced for transverse conduction velocities. This effect was also dependent on amiodarone concentration. In the PS group, amiodarone levels in the drug-exposed myocardium increased from a mean of 5.95 microgram/g at 15 minutes of infusion to 188.88 microgram/g at the 10th hour. This increase was time dependent (R2 = .91). In the nonexposed myocardium, amiodarone levels were always low and increased minimally over time from a mean of 2.68 to 14.45 microgram/g. This increase was also time dependent (R2 = .97).Selective intracoronary amiodarone infusion resulted in selective drug accumulation and concomitant time-dependent reduction of myocardial conduction velocity. There was a significant correlation between the extent of reduction of conduction velocity and myocardial amiodarone concentration but not coronary arterial or systemic concentration. Repolarization was not significantly altered.
Recent developments in gastroenterology
Authors: P. Moayyedi
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Gastroenterology, like many other disciplines, is expanding rapidly. In the past four years there have been exciting advances in screening, diagnosis, and therapy. This article describes some of the most clinically relevant developments.

We selected the topics after discussion with colleagues and attending the British Society of Gastroenterology meeting, Birmingham 2002. We subjectively assessed the most important recent innovations and evaluated these in more depth by searching Medline and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We also hand searched recent issues of Gastroenterology, Gut , and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy .

### Gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer mortality worldwide, causing around 660 000 deaths annually. In England and Wales it is the fifth commonest cause of cancer death, with an annual mortality of about 7000. A meta-analysis of nested case-control studies reported that patients infected with Helicobacter pylori were nearly six times more likely to develop distal gastric adenocarcinoma than uninfected controls.1 A recent randomised trial suggests that eradication of H pylori will improve gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which are thought to be premalignant changes.2 Studies have also identified subgroups of people infected with H pylori who may be at particular risk of developing gastric cancer.3 A randomised trial showed that H pylori screening and treatment might save money because of the reduced costs of treating dyspepsia.4

Oesophageal and proximal gastric adenocarcinoma have been increasing in recent years, and this parallels the fall in prevalence of H pylori infection. Some investigators have therefore suggested that H pylori infection protects against the development of cancers of the proximal stomach and oesophagus. This hypothesis is not supported by a meta-analysis of nested case-control trials,1 but the benefits and harms of population screening and treatment for H pylori can properly be evaluated only in a randomised controlled …