tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissecting course: sensitizing potency of formaldehyde in medical students
Authors: F. Wantke, M. Focke, W. Hemmer, R. Bracun, S. Wolf‐Abdolvahab, M. Götz, R. Jarisch, M. Götz, M. Tschabitscher, M. Gann, P. Tappler
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The sensitizing potency of formaldehyde and phenol during anatomy dissecting was investigated. The objective was to determine whether exposure induces specific IgE or IgG against formaldehyde-albumin or phenol-albumin.In 27 medical students, specific IgE against formaldehyde-albumin by RAST plus ELISA and specific IgE against phenol-albumin by ELISA were assessed. In addition, specific IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was assessed in 23 students. Symptoms before and during dissecting were assessed, and indoor formaldehyde and phenol were measured.Mean indoor formaldehyde was 0.265 +/- 0.07 mg/m3, and mean indoor phenol was 4.65 +/- 2.96 mg/m3. Specific IgE/IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was not found at the beginning. Four students developed specific IgE against formaldehyde-albumin (RAST classes of > or =2.0), and all four also had specific IgE in the ELISA, but IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was not found. Specific IgE against phenol-albumin was not seen. Itch and paresthesia of the hands (P<0.00001), dizziness (P<0.008), burning eyes (P<0.01), headache, sneezing, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, oral or pharyngeal itch, and shortness of breath were experienced.Formaldehyde exposure during dissecting may induce specific IgE, but not IgG, against formaldehyde-albumin. Sensitization did not correlate with symptoms.
The Eternal Battle of Sex vs Gender-Reply
Authors: Cheryl Iverson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Before addressing the interesting question raised by Ms Fletcher, I would like to point out that the material from "Instructions for Preparing Structured Abstracts"<sup>1</sup>that is objected to as incorrect usage is adapted from another source (see the footnote on page 42). That aside, the distinction between<i>gender</i>and<i>sex</i>is an interesting one. Although<i>Webster's</i><sup>2</sup>gives "sex" as the first meaning of<i>gender</i>, the definition of<i>sex</i>includes no mention of<i>gender</i>. Bernstein, in<i>The Careful Writer</i>,<sup>3</sup>concurs with Ms Fletcher on the proper use of<i>gender</i>: "<i>Gender</i>is a grammatical term, denoting (in English) whether words pertaining to a noun or pronoun are classed as masculine, feminine, or neuter. It is not a substitute for sex (but, then, what is?)." Miller and Swift, in<i>The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing</i>,<sup>4</sup>refer to<i>two</i>aspects of gender, making a distinction between "grammatical" and "natural"
Dapagliflozin’s Effects on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 28-Week Extension
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Lawrence A. Leiter, Tjerk W.A. de Bruin, Ingrid Gause-Nilsson, Jennifer Sugg, Shamik J. Parikh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

To assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), documented pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a history of hypertension.Patients (N = 922) were randomized to receive 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo in a double-blind trial for 24 weeks, followed by a 28-week extension period. In patients receiving insulin, the insulin dose was reduced by 25% at randomization. Patients were stratified by age, insulin use, and time from the most recent qualifying cardiovascular (CV) event. Co-primary end points were a change from baseline in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the proportion of patients achieving a combined reduction in HbA1c of ≥0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol), body weight (BW) of ≥3%, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥3 mmHg.At 24 weeks, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c (-0.38% [-4.2 mmol/mol]) from baseline (8.18%) compared with a slight increase with placebo from baseline (8.08%) (0.08% [0.9 mmol/mol]). Significantly more patients met the three-item end point with treatment with dapagliflozin than with placebo (11.7% vs. 0.9%, respectively). Changes were maintained over 52 weeks. Although ∼42% of patients were ≥65 years old, similar results were observed in both age-stratified groups. Serious adverse events, hypoglycemia, urinary tract infections, and cardiac disorders were similar between groups. Adverse events of hypotension, dehydration, hypovolemia, genital infection, and renal failure or impairment occurred more often with dapagliflozin treatment.In this study that evaluated T2D patients who were at high risk for future CVD events, dapagliflozin administration had significantly greater effects in reducing HbA1c, BW, and SBP, without adversely impacting CV safety when compared with placebo treatment.
Anemia in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Relates to Adverse Outcome
Authors: Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Georgios Giannakoulas, Ricardo Petraco, Aikaterini Chamaidi, Evaggelia Karaoli, Michael Mullen, Lorna Swan, Massimo F. Piepoli, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Darrel P. Francis, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in rat cardiac myocytes increases tolerance to hypoxia 24 hours after preconditioning.
Authors: N Yamashita, M Nishida, S Hoshida, T Kuzuya, M Hori, N Taniguchi, T Kamada, M Tada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is induced in ischemic hearts 24 h after ischemic preconditioning, when tolerance to ischemia is acquired. We examined the relationship between Mn-SOD induction and the protective effect of preconditioning using cultured rat cardiac myocytes. Exposure of cardiac myocytes to brief hypoxia (1 h) decreased creatine kinase release induced by sustained hypoxia (3 h) that follows when the sustained hypoxia was applied 24 h after hypoxic preconditioning (57% of that in cells without preconditioning). The activity and content of Mn-SOD in cardiac myocytes were increased 24 h after hypoxic preconditioning (activity, 170%; content, 139% compared with cells without preconditioning) coincidentally with the acquisition of tolerance to hypoxia. Mn-SOD mRNA was also increased 20-40 min after preconditioning. Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides corresponding to the initiation site of Mn-SOD translation inhibited the increases in the Mn-SOD content and activity and abolished the expected decrease in creatine kinase release induced by sustained hypoxia after 24 h of hypoxic preconditioning. Sense oligodeoxyribonucleotides did not abolish either Mn-SOD induction or tolerance to hypoxia. These results suggest that the induction of Mn-SOD in myocytes by preconditioning plays a pivotal role in the acquisition of tolerance to ischemia at a later phase (24 h) of ischemic preconditioning.
Allergen Sensitivity Profile of Subjects with Allergic Rhinitis with/without Conjunctivitis Participating in Clinical Trials of Timothy Grass and Short Ragweed Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets
Authors: David I. Bernstein, Harold S. Nelson, Peter S. Creticos, Sandra M. Gawchik, David P. Skoner, Amarjot Kaur, Ziliang Li, Jennifer Maloney, Hendrik Nolte
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
The Use of Procaine Amide in Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: HERBERT J. KAYDEN, J. MURRAY STEELE, LESTER C. MARK, BERNARD B. BRODIE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Procaine amide, a new synthetic analogue of procaine, has marked antiarrythmic activity and is relatively stable in the body. It is effective when administered orally or intravenously, and has few toxic effects in therapeutic doses. The drug has been used successfully in the suppression of ventricular premature contractions and in the interruption of ventricular tachycardia. Some patients treated successfully with procaine amide had been given quinidine to the point of toxicity without affecting the aberrant rhythm. Procaine amide appears to be less effective in interrupting auricular than ventricular arrhythmias.
Nurse Practitioner Redux Revisited
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read the article by Dr DeAngelis<sup>1</sup>with interest. We agree that the coming of health system reform offers an opportunity to examine and perhaps redefine the roles of NPs in providing primary care. However, we would broaden the effort to include physician assistants (PAs). All the issues DeAngelis raises about NPs also apply to PAs. Over the past two decades, an unfortunate sense of competition has developed between NPs and PAs, with disagreement about which group is more qualified to provide mid-level care in various settings. Our experience over 15 years of working closely with both groups is that there is no difference between them in the quality of care they provide or the clinical judgment they exercise. (Of course, there are differences between individual clinicians, but this does not seem to correlate with the type of training.) More than a decade ago, the University
Subphrenic Abscess Following Primary Closure for Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Elliott S. Hurwitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE problem of the proper management of pilonidal sinus has occupied a position of increasing importance in the medical literature in the past six years. In the medical care of an active military force of several million generally healthy men and women, pilonidal cyst and sinus have been among the most frequent surgical causes of disability. It is the purpose of this communication to indicate some of the hazards attendant on the primary closure of pilonidal wounds.Before the war the surgical procedure in widest usage was radical excision, a granulating wound being left to heal by secondary intention. Primary . . .
A Comparison of Cultural Methods for Routine Diphtheria Diagnosis
Authors: J. D. A. Gray, D. M. Stone
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Current literature dealing with the bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria has revealed a disquieting failure of methods which until recently had been accepted as allsufficient.1 2 The recent epidemic of diphtheria in Bristol, associated with the presence of the gravis, mitis, and intermediate types of the organism, has supplied an opportunity of testing and comparing various methods in the hope of finding one giving reliable results with speed and reasonable ease in technique.The methods investigated have involved the use of (a) Loeffler slopes, (b) Loeffler slopes modified by the addition of glycerin, and (c) blood-tellurite media inoculated either directly from the swabs or from the growths on the Loeffler slopes.The hope of finding one all-sufficing method has not been realized, but the evidence suggests that the combined use of a Loeffler slope containing glycerin and a blood-tellurite plate would result in a marked decrease in the number of otherwise " missed " cases without an unreasonable increase in the amount of routine work involved.Two thousand swabs have been examined by the different methods in parallel experiments.They were received from general practitioners, isolation hospitals, and other institutions, and therefore included primary swabs sent for the diagnosis of suspected fresh cases, or for the identification of cttrriers, and repeat swabs taken with a view to determining freedom from infective- ness in known cases and carriers.The majority were
Bacteriologic Features of Chronic Sinusitis in Children
Authors: Itzhak Brook
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Aspiration of chronically inflamed sinuses was aseptically performed in 40 children. The median age was 11 years (range, 6 to 16 years). The sinuses were the maxillary (15 cases), ethmoid (13), and frontal (seven). Pansinusitis was present in five patients. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes and yielded bacterial growth in 37 patients. A total of 121 isolates (97 anaerobic and 24 aerobic) were recovered, accounting for 2.7 anaerobes and 0.6 aerobes per specimen. Anaerobic organisms were recovered from all 37 culture-positive specimens, and in 14 cases (38%) they were mixed with aerobic organisms. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Bacteroides species (36), anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (28), and Fusobacterium species (13). The predominant aerobic isolates were alpha-hemolytic streptococci (seven), Staphylococcus aureus (seven), and Haemophilus species (four). These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial cause of long-term sinusitis in children.
Attitudes of Psychiatrists to the Use of Hypnosis
Authors: Alfred Auerback
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To ascertain the use of hypnosis in psychiatric treatment a questionnaire was sent to 828 psychiatrists in California. Nearly half (46%) of the 429 who responded had had experience with hypnosis, but only 13% still used it, in occasional selected cases. In practice, hypnosis proved unpredictable, with inconstant or nonlasting results; induction was often difficult and the doctor-patient relationship was impaired. Untoward results associated with hypnosis occurred in 201 cases, usually with poorly trained hypnotists, and a few followed psychiatric treatment using hypnosis. The commonest complication was the precipitation of a psychotic episode. Acute anxiety, panic states, depression, and suicide also occurred. In 2 instances organic disease was masked. Unstable persons, particularly passive-dependent and prepsychotic individuals, may be harmed by hypnosis. The hypnotist must have an understanding of the patient's psychological state to avoid mishaps.
Saving lives or sustaining the public's health?
Authors: N. Fulop, D. J Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1999)

England's long awaited public health white paper, Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation ,1 has finally appeared over a year after publication of the green paper.2 The British prime minister has written the foreword and 12 ministers have signed the preface—symbols of the relative importance of the health strategy and the importance attached to cross government working. But the title, Saving Lives , the headline target to prevent 300 000 deaths, and the proposal to introduce defibrillators in public places seem to emphasise narrow, disease based health care over wider public health concerns.

The four priority areas remain the same as in the green paper: coronary heart disease and stroke; cancer; mental health; and accidents. More challenging targets have been set in some areas, such as suicide and undetermined injury, and there is a greater emphasis on health in later life. Some major new public health initiatives are proposed to improve the quality of the public health function. The Health Education Authority will be replaced with a Health Development Agency that will act as a public health equivalent of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, the …
Abstract 2620: Progressive expression of n-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Venkat R. Katkoori, Upender Manne, Marc D. Basson, Harvey L. Bumpers
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: N-cadherin (NCAD) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been found to be inducers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are known to play a role in invasion and metastasis of cancer. Over expression of NCAD and EGFR are associated with increased tumor invasiveness. However, their progressive expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated expression status of NCAD and EGFR in paired lesions of CRC. Experimental Design: We examined the expression of NCAD and EGFR in paired lesions of human CRC (hCRC) and human mice CRC (hmCRC) xenograft by immunofluorescence (IF). Images were acquired using the Olympus FluoView FV1000 (OFVFV1000) Confocal Microscope. The average FITC fluorescence intensity (aFFI) was measured by OFVFV1000 software. Western blot analysis was performed to validate results obtained from IF method. Results: Differential expression pattern of NCAD was observed in paired normal, primary and metastatic lesions of hCRC and hmCRC xenograft tissues. For NCAD, it was mainly localized in cytoplasm (diffused), nucleus (moderate levels), and membrane or cell junctions of CRC. For EGFR, normal colon tissue or primary CRC showing membranous EGFR-low positive staining. In contrast corresponding liver metastasis showing membranous EGFR-high positive staining. The NCAD and EGFR expressions were correlated with metastasis phenotype of hCRC. The expressions of NCAD ((aFFI; 812 vs. 261) and EGFR (aFFI 421 vs.131) were each found to be 3 times higher in liver metastasis of hCRC as compared to primary tumor. It has been observed that the expression of NCAD was substantially increased in metastatic lesion of hmCRC xenograft as compared to primary lesion of hmCRC xenograft. Conclusion: This study revealed that upregulation of NCAD and EGFR expressions is a mechanism by which CRC lesions acquire a more aggressive phenotype and, thereby, progress to a more advanced stage of CRC. Furthermore, our findings are likely to have implications in the design of clinical trials targeting the NCAD and EGFR proteins in CRC. Citation Format: Venkat R. Katkoori, Upender Manne, Marc D. Basson, Harvey L. Bumpers. Progressive expression of n-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2620
The U.S. Attorney General's Intrusion into Medical Practice
Authors: Edward Lowenstein, Sidney H Wanzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

This issue of the Journal contains two articles on Oregon's Death with Dignity Act. In a Health Policy Report, Steinbrook provides an overview of the 1994 Oregon law legalizing physician-assisted suicide. He discusses the effects of the law on the care of terminally ill patients and the various legal challenges that have been made to the law. The most recent challenge is the directive issued by the attorney general of the United States, John Ashcroft.
Abstract ES06-2: The impact of biological age
Authors: A Ring
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The prognosis of a woman with early breast cancer is dependent on both tumor and patient characteristics. Tumor-related prognostic factors, such as stage, grade, and biomarker expression are well-described in the breast cancer literature and remain the focus of considerable ongoing research efforts. However patient-related factors which may influence risks of death from competing causes of mortality or tolerance of adjuvant therapies receive less attention. Risks of death from other causes and likely tolerance of treatment are particularly important considerations in the management of the increasing number of older women who are now presenting with early breast cancer. Chronological age itself may be a useful predictor of these outcomes. However older patients represent a heterogeneous population in terms of co-morbidities, fitness, life expectancy, social situation, cognitive function as well as desire for treatment. Therefore an objective definition of “biological age” might be a more accurate predictor. Those involved in the care of older patients have therefore developed “Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments” (CGAs) which are based on questionnaires or simple physical measurements which may describe “biological age”. Furthermore blood-based biomarkers of biological age have also been developed. Co-morbidity is one component of a holistic patient assessment which has been shown to be a useful predictor of risk of death before recurrence in women with breast cancer (1). In addition questionnaires derived from CGAs may be good predictors of treatment tolerance in patients receiving chemotherapy (2). Ongoing studies are evaluating whether more extensive assessments, incorporating more domains of a CGA, such as functional status, cognitive function and nutrition add to the predictive model. Any incorporation of such measures into routine clinical practice will require further validation and confirmation of clinical utility. Nonetheless such tools assessing biological age do offer the promise to improve further on the advances made in personalising adjuvant therapies that pathological and molecular tumor characterisation have already achieved. As such it seems likely that assessment of these factors in order to more objectively take into account the risks of death from competing causes of mortality and likely tolerance of treatment will become core components to informed adjuvant treatment decisions in the future. 1. Ring A et al. J Clin Onc 2011; 29:4266-4272 2. Hurria A et al. J Clin Onc 2011;29:3457-3465. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES06-2.
Endocrine and metabolic manifestations of cancer.
Authors: E J Ross
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Symptoms caused by malignant disease are not confined to the anatomical distortion and functional impairment of organs and tissues resulting from the presence of an enlarging tumour. It is becoming more and more apparent that many of the hitherto inexplicable and often bizarre accompaniments of cancer are the result of endocrine and metabolic activities of the cancer itself. Current views ascribe to the cancer cell the competence to synthesize polypeptides that mimic virtually all known polypeptide hormones produced by conventional endo crine organs. They are commonly referred to as ectopic hormones. These substances and the commoner cancers that produce them are listed in Table I.
Urinary Tract Infection Localization in Women
Authors: Godfrey K. M. Harding
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The site of urinary infection in 51 adult women was determined by the bladder-washout technique (BW). Of the 37 patients with proved upper-tract infection shown by BW, 16 had upper-tract symptoms, three had lower-tract symptoms, and 18 were asymptomatic; 31 had antibody-coated bacteria (ACB), and six had no ACB. Of 14 patients with proved lower-tract infection shown by BW, three had upper-tract symptoms, five had lower-tract symptoms, and six were asymptomatic; none had ACB. All 31 women whose infecting bacteria were coated with antibody proved to have an upper-tract infection shown by BW. A subset of the population of adult women with upper-tract infection have organisms emanating from their ureters at BW localization, which are not coated with antibody. Physicians must be cautious in interpreting results that are negative for ACB. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1147-1150, 1978)