tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS: 23)
Authors: R C Turner, H Millns, H A W Neil, I M Stratton, S E Manley, D R Matthews, R R Holman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate baseline risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <b>Design:</b> A stepwise selection procedure, adjusting for age and sex, was used in 2693 subjects with complete data to determine which risk factors for coronary artery disease should be included in a Cox proportional hazards model. <b>Subjects:</b> 3055 white patients (mean age 52) with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and without evidence of disease related to atheroma. Median duration of follow up was 7.9 years. 335 patients developed coronary artery disease within 10 years. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Angina with confirmatory abnormal electrocardiogram; non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction. <b>Results:</b> Coronary artery disease was significantly associated with increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased triglyceride concentration, haemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and a history of smoking. The estimated hazard ratios for the upper third relative to the lower third were 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.00) for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.55 (0.41 to 0.73) for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.52 (1.15 to 2.01) for haemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>, and 1.82 (1.34 to 2.47) for systolic blood pressure. The estimated hazard ratio for smokers was 1.41(1.06 to 1.88). <b>Conclusion:</b> A quintet of potentially modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease exists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risk factors are increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and smoking. <h3>Key messages</h3> Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Patients without evidence of disease related to atheroma at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus had an increased standardised mortality ratio compared with the population of the United Kingdom 11% of patients in this study had a myocardial infarction or developed angina over a median of 8 years9 follow up The potentially modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease were increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and smoking; these are also risk factors for coronary artery disease in the general population Evidence is needed on whether modifying these risk factors will reduce coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mutations in amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) disrupt interaction with dynamin 2 and cause autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy
Authors: Anne-Sophie Nicot, Anne Toussaint, Valérie Tosch, Christine Kretz, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Erik Iwarsson, Helen Kingston, Jean-Marie Garnier, Valérie Biancalana, Anders Oldfors, Jean-Louis Mandel, Jocelyn Laporte
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Atrophic Glossitis Leading to the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Authors: Luca Pastore, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Rosario Serpico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Diagnosing celiac disease is relatively easy in typical cases, characterized by the classic features of chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention, and weight loss. However, most patients have atypical celiac disease, with few or no gastrointestinal symptoms and a predominance of extraintestinal features (e.g., iron-deficiency anemia). Patients with celiac disease are prone to the development of long-term complications (e.g., autoimmune diseases or cancers) that are responsible for a mortality rate higher than that in the general population.1 Gluten withdrawal seems to be protective against long-term complications, and it is the cornerstone of treatment for celiac disease. Case . . .
The Use of Sulfinpyrazone in the Treatment of Gout
Authors: Robert H. Persellin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Seventeen patients with gout were treated with sulfinpyrazone, a potent uricosuric analogue of phenylbutazone, for an average of 14 months (range 5 to 20 months). The maintenance dose was usually 400 mg. per day divided into 4 doses, given by mouth. Serum uric acid levels had been elevated to an average of 8.7 mg. per 100 cc. before therapy and were reduced to an average of 5.4 mg. per cent in the treatment period. The incidence of acute arthritic attacks in the five months after therapy (1.4 attacks per patient) was nearly equal to that in the five months before (1.1 attacks per patient). Thereafter the mean number of attacks decreased in successive 5-month intervals to 0.7, 0.1, and finally no attacks. A small ear tophus disappeared in one patient; new tophi appeared in a second patient who had extensive urate deposits in his tissues. Serious manifestations of toxicity were not encountered.
Analyzing Health Surveys for Cancer-Related Objectives
Authors: B. I. Graubard, E. L. Korn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Large-scale health surveys conducted by government agencies record information on a large number of health-related variables. We review the use of these data for performing analyses that address cancer-related objectives. After describing the conduct of a large-scale health survey (the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES III]), we discuss some of the issues involved in analyzing data collected in such a survey. In particular, the use of sample weights in the analysis and the importance of accounting for the complex survey design when estimating standard errors are discussed. Six applications are then presented that involve the following: 1) estimating demographic factors associated with snuff use, 2) estimating the association of type of health insurance with the probability of receiving a digital rectal examination, 3) estimating the association of body iron stores with the probability of later developing cancer, 4) estimating the changing rates of mammography screening in the United States between 1987 and 1992, 5) evaluating smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for digestive cancer by use of a population-based, case-control study, and 6) evaluating a randomized community-intervention experiment to encourage smoking cessation. These applications use data from the National Health Interview Survey, the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study, the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey, and the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. The availability of public-use data files is discussed for surveys sponsored by the U.S. government that collect health-related information. We demonstrate that statistical methods and computer software are available for analyzing public-use data files of surveys to address different types of cancer-related objectives.
Detection of monosomy 7 in interphase cells of patients with myeloid disorders
Authors: Rukmini V. Kolluri, Laura Manuelidis, Sheila Sait, Thomas Cremer, Sefer Gezer, Azra Raza
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Six patients, five with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and one with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), were found to have monosomy 7 by conventional cytogenetics at diagnosis. Repetitive DNA sequences from the heterochromatic region of human chromosomes 1 and 7 were used as probes for in situ hybridization experiments on interphase cells of these patients. A double hybridization protocol was used to reveal the particular chromosomes as distinct spots or clusters of signals within interphase nuclei. The chromosome 1 sequence served as an internal control. Simultaneous detection of the sequences showed the presence of two normal number 1 chromosomes and a missing 7 chromosome from individual cells. While cytogenetic preparations showed only −7 metaphases in 3 AML and 1 MDS patients, in situ hybridization of interphase cells showed many normal cells as well as the presence of ‐7 in fully mature granulocytes. One AML patient studied in remission showed only normal metaphases yet had 9% interphase cells with a missing 7 and relapsed within 3 months. We conclude that examination of interphase cells by in situ hybridization provides clinically useful data since every cell including mature granulocytes can be examined, the lineage of a cell can be determined, and efficacy of differentiation therapy can be evaluated.
Relations of preoperative hemodynamics and coronary blood flow to improved left ventricular function after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation
Authors: Kanji Kawachi, Soichiro Kitamura, Choken Oyama, Hironori Kobayashi, Ryuichi Morita, Tsutomu Nishii, Yasunapu Kawashima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
COX-2 inhibitors in sports medicine: utility and controversy
Authors: A Buvanendran, S S Reuben
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Short term use of COX-2 inhibitors for pain management is recommended

There are approximately 4.2 million visits annually to emergency rooms for non-fatal sports and recreation related injuries in the US.1 Sports injury leads to the release of phospholipids from cell membranes, which are converted into arachidonic acid by the action of phospholipase A2. Arachidonic acid in turn acts as a substrate for cyclo-oxygenase (COX) resulting in the production of various prostaglandins (PGs). There are two forms of COX: COX-1 (constitutively present) and COX-2 (induced). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both types of COX enzymes, whereas COX-2-specific inhibitors inhibit only the COX-2 enzyme. COX-2 inhibitors were developed with the aim of reducing the incidence of serious adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with the administration of traditional NSAIDs. The assumption was that gastrointestinal side effects were COX-1-mediated. There are two major reasons for the use of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of athletic injuries: to decrease excessive inflammation so as to increase the rate of healing, and to decrease pain associated with inflammation.

Among the PGs, PGE2 is the predominant mediator of both peripheral and central pain sensitisation.2 As the prostanoid most associated with inflammatory response, the formation of PGE2 at an injured site is an indication of peripheral inflammation. Recently, peripheral inflammation has also been shown to induce a widespread increase in COX-23 and PGs in the central nervous system (CNS). The proinflammatory cytokine interleukins 6 and 8 are upregulated in the CNS and play a role in inducing central PGE2 upregulation after inflammation induced by surgical trauma. …
Dysfunction of Endothelial Protein C Activation in Severe Meningococcal Sepsis
Authors: Saul N. Faust, Michael Levin, Odile B. Harrison, Robert D. Goldin, Marion S. Lockhart, Sheila Kondaveeti, Zoltan Laszik, Charles T. Esmon, Robert S. Heyderman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Impairment of the protein C anticoagulation pathway is critical to the thrombosis associated with sepsis and to the development of purpura fulminans in meningococcemia. We studied the expression of thrombomodulin and the endothelial protein C receptor in the dermal microvasculature of children with severe meningococcemia and purpuric or petechial lesions.
NHS faces increase of pound500m in clinical negligence liability
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The total liability for clinical negligence for the NHS increased to a total of £4.4bn ($6.4; €7.2bn)—an increase of £500m on the previous year—the summarised accounts for 2000-1 reported this week.

The National Audit Office's report— NHS Summarised Accounts 2000-2001 —warned that the reported total liability for clinical negligence was continuing to increase, although at a reduced rate compared with previous years.

It suggested that a key cause of the increase was increased legal awards to fund the costs of future care for patients winning clinical negligence cases, which required a reassessment of the level of provision needed.

The report noted: “Meeting the liabilities for clinical negligence continues to be a major challenge …
Cellular Hydrogel Biopaper for Patterned 3D Cell Culture and Modular Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Wonhye Lee, Chae Yun Bae, Seyong Kwon, Jaejung Son, Jinho Kim, Yong Jeong, Seung‐Schik Yoo, Je‐Kyun Park
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Microarchitectured freestanding cellular hydrogel biopaper as a novel 3D cell culture or tissue reconstruction module is reported. New harvesting, transfer, and assembly techniques are used to construct laminated tissue composites of the biopaper, such as hepatic hydrogel sheet modules with augmented liver function for stratified 3D hepatic tissue reconstruction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Exploring bias in a generalized additive model for spatial air pollution data.
Authors: Timothy Ramsay, Richard Burnett, Daniel Krewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

During the past few years, the generalized additive model (GAM) has become a standard tool for epidemiologic analysis exploring the effect of air pollution on population health. Recently, the use of the GAM has been extended from time-series data to spatial data. Still more recently, it has been suggested that the use of GAMs to analyze time-series data results in air pollution risk estimates being biased upward and that concurvity in the time-series data results in standard error estimates being biased downward. We show that concurvity in spatial data can lead to underestimation of the standard error of the estimated air pollution effect, even when using an asymptotically unbiased standard error estimator. We also show that both the magnitude and direction of the bias in the air pollution effect depend, at least in part, on the nature of the concurvity. We argue that including a nonparametric function of location in a GAM for spatial epidemiologic data can be expected to result in concurvity. As a result, we recommend caution in using the GAM to analyze this type of data.
Infectious Complications in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: James R. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Patients with spinal cord injury present a major challenge in medical management. Those who survive the trauma and complications surrounding the acute injury may be faced with lifelong disability. Although the chronic disability itself is not progressive, the associated complications compound the disability and may result in early death. Infection is a frequent and significant complication of spinal cord injury. During the first half of this century, mortality in these patients was as high as 8096 within two years of injury; infection—including urinary tract sepsis, pneumonia, and septicemia from decubitus ulcers—caused or contributed to death in most of these patients.<sup>1</sup> Since World War II, the development of regional, multidisciplinary centers for the care of patients with spinal cord injury has substantially improved the initial management of this problem and decreased the frequency of infection and other complications.<sup>2</sup>Sugarman and colleagues (p 66) present further evidence that treatment of
Mutations in CD8 that affect interactions with HLA class I and monoclonal anti-CD8 antibodies.
Authors: S K Sanders, R O Fox, P Kavathas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The T cell co-receptor, CD8, binds to the alpha 3 domain of HLA class I (Salter, R.D., R.J. Benjamin, P.K. Wesley, S.E. Buxton, T.P.J. Garrett, C. Clayberger, A.M. Krensky, A.M. Norman, D.R. Littman, and P. Parham. 1990. Nature [Lond.]. 345:41; Connolly, J.M., T.A. Potter, E.M. Wormstall, and T.H. Hansen. 1988. J. Exp. Med. 168:325; and Potter, T.A., T.V. Rajan, R.F. Dick II, and J.A. Bluestone. 1989. Nature [Lond.]. 337:73). To identify regions of CD8 that are important for binding to HLA class I, we performed a mutational analysis of the CD8 molecule in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like variable domain. Our mutational analysis was based on our finding that using a cell-cell adhesion assay murine CD8 (Lyt-2) did not bind to human class I. Since the interaction of human CD8 with HLA class I is species specific, we substituted nonconservative amino acids from mouse CD8 and analyzed the ability of the mutated CD8 molecules expressed in COS 7 cells to bind HLA class I-bearing B lymphoblastoid cells, UC. Mutants with the greatest effect on binding were located in a portion of the molecule homologous to the first and second hypervariable regions of an antibody combining site. In addition, a panel of 12 anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies were used to stain the 10 CD8 mutants, and amino acids that affected antibody binding were localized on the crystal structure of the Bence-Jones homodimer, REI. Support for an Ig-like structure of CD8 can be found in the pattern of substitutions affecting antibody binding. This work supports the similar tertiary structure of the CD8 alpha-terminal domain and an Ig variable domain.
Prevalence of Diabetes among Men and Women in China
Authors: Wenying Yang, Juming Lu, Jianping Weng, Weiping Jia, Linong Ji, Jianzhong Xiao, Zhongyan Shan, Jie Liu, Haoming Tian, Qiuhe Ji, Dalong Zhu, Jiapu Ge, Lixiang Lin, Li Chen, Xiaohui Guo, Zhigang Zhao, Qiang Li, Zhiguang Zhou, Guangliang Shan, Jiang He
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Because of the rapid change in lifestyle in China, there is concern that diabetes may become epidemic. We conducted a national study from June 2007 through May 2008 to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese adults.
Specialists criticise treatment for heroin addiction
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Addiction specialists in Britain are calling for a careful review of a technique for rapid opiate detoxification using general anaesthesia, after a patient died undergoing the procedure in a private London clinic.

Brendan Woolhead, the Irishman who survived the explosion of an IRA bomb on a bus near the Aldwych in London, died eight months later because of “grossly negligent treatment” for his heroin addiction at the Welbeck Hospital in London, according to expert evidence given to last week's inquest into his death.

Mr Woolhead used some of the compensation awarded after he was wrongly accused by the press of being a terrorist to pay for ultrarapid opiate detoxification in an effort to end his longstanding heroin addiction.

The technique entails administering a general anaesthetic for six to eight hours at the same time as giving the opiate antagonist naltrexone. It is claimed to clear heroin and other opiates from the body within 48 hours, with the worst of the “cold turkey” withdrawal symptoms occurring while the patient is …
1094-157 High-dose dobutamine stress Ti-201/123-BMIPP dual SPECT reliably identifies myocardial contractile dysfunction caused by inducible demand ischemia
Authors: Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Yoshie Inaba, Noriaki Kokubu, Seliichiro Sakurai, Noriyuki Fujii, Ryosuke Noda, Satoshi Yuda, Tomoaki Nakata, Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Kazuaki Shimamoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
HCV-associated liver cancer without cirrhosis
Authors: M.S. De Mitri, E. Pisi, K. Poussin, P. Paterlini, C. Bréchot, P. Baccarini, A. D'Errico, W. Grigiani, A. Alberti, P. Pontisso, N. Simon, M. Beaugrand
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
(11) Calcinosis universalis
Authors: Raj Kubba, R.H. Champion
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article (11) Calcinosis universalis Get access Raj Kubba, Raj Kubba Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.H. Champion R.H. Champion Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue s11, 1 July 1975, Pages 45–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06793.x Published: 01 July 1975
Dental Extractions in Hemophilia A and B
Authors: S. van Creveld
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article on the effective surgical treatment of patients with classic hemophilia and Christmas disease with human coagulation factor concentrates (<b>214</b>: 1673,1970) Grant and Breckenridge also reported on uncomplicated dental extractions of deciduous and adult teeth in classic hemophilia and in Christmas disease with high levels of the deficient clotting factor during the procedure and maintaining this for two to four days during the postoperative period. Application of a clear plastic gingival splint after oral surgery was an additional useful and simple measure for the prevention of postoperative bleeding. The teeth extracted included four wisdom teeth in each of two patients with hemophilia A and B, respectively. In last year we have done a large number of extractions in 11 patients with classic hemophilia A and three with hemophilia B ( with two exceptions, all were severe cases). The treatment consisted in only one transfusion of freeze-dried
Pulmonary Manifestations of Pancreatitis
Authors: David M. Roseman, O. Dhodanand Kowlessar, Marvin H. Sleisenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SIGNS and symptoms of disorder in the lungs and pleura may accompany acute and chronic pancreatitis. Such involvement of thoracic structures is a valuable lead in the diagnosis of pancreatic inflammation, and has been well described in the literature. Thoracic signs described1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 have included a sluggish, elevated or immobile diaphragm, usually the left leaf, interlobar adhesions, basilar atelectasis, pneumonic infiltrates and pleural effusions. The high concentration of amylase and lipase in pleural fluid in some cases has been attributed to leakage of pancreatic ferments via transdiaphragmatic lymphatic channels.5 , 9 , 10 It is of interest that right-sided pleural effusions have been described in . . .
Absent Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin (Infecton) Uptake in a Renal Abscess
Authors: Bruce K. Adams, Inas Youssef, Shehnaaz Parkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 40-year-old male diabetic presented with a 1-month history of flank pain, fever, and chills. Examination revealed pyrexia and left flank tenderness. Pus and red cells were seen on urine microscopy and Klebsiella was isolated from the urine. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but the fever persisted and he was sent for an Infecton scan that showed a large cold area in the superolateral aspect of the left kidney. Whole-body imaging failed to reveal any other abnormal site. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a space-occupying lesion with an air-fluid level in the upper part of the left kidney. The patient responded to several weeks of antibiotic therapy.