tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Applications of New DNA Diagnostic Technology on the Management of Cancer Patients
Authors: Janet D. Rowley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THIS ARTICLE presents a summary of the results of investigations to detect the various genetic changes that have been identified in malignant cells, concentrating on those malignant diseases that have been well characterized genetically. Various techniques are reviewed elsewhere.1The correlation of the genetic changes with features that aid in the distinction of different tumors or that have prognostic significance will be emphasized. The explosive growth in this area of clinical investigation causes any review of this sort to become out of date rapidly. Nonetheless, these examples are important illustrations of the future of medical practice. Detailed summaries of chromosome abnormalities in cancer have been described previously.2,3The article is divided into two major parts, hematologic malignant diseases and solid tumors. At present, we know much more about the hematologic disorders, especially leukemia and lymphoma.4This is rapidly changing as many laboratories are actively investigating the genetic
Annual cost of medical liability in US is $56bn, study estimates
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The costs associated with medical liability—including legal costs and payouts associated with medical malpractice cases, malpractice insurance, and the practice of defensive medicine—total $55.6bn (£36.2bn; €43.6bn) a year or 2.4% of annual healthcare spending in the United States, concludes a study aimed at estimating the direct and indirect costs of protecting against medical negligence.

The study analysed the various components of the medical liability system, including payments made by malpractice plaintiffs, the costs associated with defensive medicine, administrative costs, such as lawyers’ fees, and the costs of working time lost by clinicians associated with malpractice suits.

The results showed that most of the cost, an estimated …
Risk Factors Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Africa
Authors: Krisela Steyn, Karen Sliwa, Steven Hawken, Patrick Commerford, Churchill Onen, Albertino Damasceno, Stephanie Ounpuu, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising in low-income countries. However, the impact of modifiable CVD risk factors on myocardial infarction (MI) has not been studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study among patients with acute MI (AMI) in SSA to explore its association with known CVD risk factors. Methods and Results— First-time AMI patients (n=578) were matched to 785 controls by age and sex in 9 SSA countries, with South Africa contributing ≈80% of the participants. The relationships between risk factors and AMI were investigated in the African population and in 3 ethnic subgroups (black, colored, and European/other Africans) and compared with those found in the overall INTERHEART study. Relationships between common CVD risk factors and AMI were found to be similar to those in the overall INTERHEART study. Modeling of 5 risk factors (smoking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, abdominal obesity, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1) provided a population attributable risk of 89.2% for AMI. The risk for AMI increased with higher income and education in the black African group in contrast to findings in the other African groups. A history of hypertension revealed higher MI risk in the black African group than in the overall INTERHEART group. Conclusions— Known CVD risk factors account for ≈90% of MI observed in African populations, which is consistent with the overall INTERHEART study. Contrasting gradients found in socioeconomic class, risk factor patterns, and AMI risk in the ethnic groups suggest that they are at different stages of the epidemiological transition.
Primary Gastric Lymphomas: About 216 Cases
Authors: Slimane Maher, Ben Safta Ines, Chabchoub Azza, Laamouri Boutheina, Gadria Selma, Zemni Ines, Gammoudi Amor, Ben Dhiab Tarek, Ben Rahal Khaled
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A CASE OF INFANTILE SCURVY.
Authors: FRANK VAN DER BOGERT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I feel that I should apologize for presenting the report of a single case of a disease which can hardly be considered one of extreme rarity; yet this case has been of especial interest to me in view of its late diagnosis, coexisting conditions and etiology. The patient was a boy of 19 months. <h3>Family History.</h3> —The parents were well advanced in years at the time of his birth, the father being 54 and the mother nearly 41. The mother had borne two other children, one a boy now living and apparently well at 17 years of age, the other a girl, who died at the age of 2 months. There was an interval of about 13 years between the births of the above mentioned children and that of the patient under consideration. <h3>Personal History.</h3> —He was apparently healthy at birth. He was nursed for two or three weeks, when
MPs criticise UK government for backpedalling over UN disability treaty
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK government’s plan to opt out of several clauses in a United Nations treaty protecting the rights of disabled people has been condemned by a House of Commons committee.

The Joint Committee on Human Rights accuses the government of adopting a “shopping list” approach to which parts of the treaty it wants to buy into and which it doesn’t.

The committee’s chairman, the Labour MP Andrew Dismore, said the committee welcomed moves to ratify the treaty by 2009.

“This will send a message to disabled people in the UK and around the world that the UK acknowledges that they are entitled to treatment without …
Reviews and Notes: Dementia and Aging: Ethics, Values, and Policy Choices
Authors: James W. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 December 1993Reviews and Notes: Dementia and Aging: Ethics, Values, and Policy ChoicesJames W. Davis, MDJames W. Davis, MDUniversity of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Dementia and Aging: Ethics, Values, and Policy ChoicesRobert H. Binstock, Stephen G. Post, and Peter J. Whitehouse; eds. 184 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992. $50.00 hardcover, $18.95 paperback.The successes of medical science and improvements in public health over the last century have led to the rapid growth of the elderly population in the United States and other Western countries. Prevention and treatment of chronic disease has become the focus of much of modern medicine. Among the chronic diseases that afflict us, perhaps none are more devastating on both personal and societal levels than the dementing syndromes, of which ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1153KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseCaregiversDementiaElderlyEuthanasiaHealth careHealth economicsPatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthVision ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Avoid policies that increase deprivation, says expert on health inequality
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Around half of children entering primary school in England have not reached the recommended level of physical, mental, and social development for age 5, figures published by the University College London’s Institute of Health Equity have shown.1

In 2012-13 just 51.7% of children had achieved a good level of development at the end of the school reception year, indicating that they were ready for school, and the level of achievement dropped with deprivation, with only 36.2% of those who qualified to receive free school meals judged to have reached this level. In 2010-11 the proportion with a good level of development was 59%.

Child development was assessed on the Department of Education’s early years foundation stage profile,2 which includes measures of cognitive, physical, and behavioural development, together with language, communication, and social skills.

Michael Marmot, director of the Institute of Health Equity, told a press conference on 22 September, “The less ready they are for school, the …
Results of Treatment of Pneumoconiosis Complicated by Tuberculosis
Authors: J. H. R. Ramsay, A. Pines
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Most patients who suffer from infectious pneumoconiotuberculosis die within a few years.Antituberculous chemotherapy has been found to be singularly ineffective in these patients.Most of the published studies have described little more than a palliative effect.This is in striking contrast to the almost invariable success with which patients with uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis can be treated.We report here on our experience, which suggests, contrary to other writers, that similar success can be obtained in patients suffering from advanced pneumoconiosis in addition to tuberculosis.The Patients Selection of Cases.-There were in all 29 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated by tuberculosis treated in Bangour Hospital, West Lothian; Southfield Hospital, and the City Hospital, Edinburgh, between 1953 and 1958.Of these, one was excluded because he had left the district and could not be traced.Three others were also excluded because they had only recently come under observation.Otherwise there have been no exclusions.There remained, therefore, 25 patients for analysis.Diagnosis.-Ofthese 25 patients, 17 were coal-miners with anthracotuberculosis, and the remaining eight suffered from silicotuberculosis.Tubercle bacilli were cultured from sputum in each case, and in most cases were found on direct smear as well.Twenty-four of the patients had been awarded pensions by the Pneumoconiosis Medical Panel of the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance.The remaining patient had not applied for a pension.Age.-The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 79 years, the average being 59.3 years.Duration of Exposure to Dust.-This ranged from 16 to 63 years (average 35.9 years).Exposure was longer in coal-miners (average 41.1 years) than in workers exposed to siliceous dust (average 25.0 years).Radiological Appearance on Diagnosis.-Eighteencases were classified as breaking-down progressive massive fibrosis, while the remaining seven were classified as unmodified tuberculosis on a background of simple pneumoconiosis.The differentiation between
Clinical Importance of Microhematuria
Authors: Raymond Firfer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

How many RBCs per high-power field in a routine urinalysis are notable and warrant further investigation? Periodic review of a subject frequently taken for granted, eg, microhematuria, is not only appropriate but essential. With improvement of techniques and better understanding of various disease processes, it is important to update the clinical implications of microhematuria. Carson et al (p 149) indicate that 81% of their patients with microhematuria followed up for two years had substantial genitourinary pathological conditions. Approximately 20 years ago, one of the authors, Laurence F. Green, MD, recorded only 10% of patients with microhematuria who had a substantive pathological condition. Thirteen percent of the present group of patients who were followed up for the two years had a malignant neoplasm of the genitourinary tract. The same evaluation 20 years ago showed only 2.2% of patients with microhematuria to have a malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The authors
NHS bill for compensation exceeds 1bn for the first time
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS paid out a record £1.28bn (€1.6bn; $2bn) in damages and legal costs for clinical negligence claims in 2011-12, a rise of more than 45% on the previous year’s total of £863m.

The surge, which has seen the total bill top £1bn for the first time, is partly because of a 30% rise in the number of claims made in 2010-11, many of which would have resulted in a payout in 2011-12. Claims rose from 10 726 in 2009-10 to 13 001 in 2010-11, although the rate of rise has slowed since, to 13 761 in 2011-12. …
Lymphoma Presenting in Bone
Authors: RONALD R. REIMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Lymphoma presenting in bone (that is "reticulum cell sarcoma of bone") is a form of extranodal lymphoma historically described as frequently localized (that is, stage IE or stage IIE). Between 1970 and 1975, 14 patients with this entity were seen at the National Cancer Institute. This group had a variety of histologic subtypes of diffuse lymphoma. Thorough staging showed extensive disease (stage IV) in 12 of these patients (86%). In 10 of these the metastatic disease was unsuspected clinically. Seven patients achieved complete remissions after treatment with combination chemotherapy alone (two patients), irradiation alone (one patient), surgery alone (one patient), and both chemotherapy and irradiation (three patients) and are alive and free of disease 11 + to 70 + months after diagnosis. The other seven patients did not achieve complete remission status and have all died. Although lymphomas presenting in bone may occasionally be localized, careful staging in this series frequently showed extensive disease and altered the therapeutic approach.
Formation of Prostaglandins during the Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: J. B. Smith, Carol Ingerman, J. J. Kocsis, M. J. Silver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Prostaglandins E2 and F2α were formed in response to ADP, L-epinephrine, or collagen by human platelets suspended in plasma containing citrate anticoagulant and stirred at 37°C. The prostaglandins formed by platelets in response to collagen were rapidly released and the amounts formed were proportional to the amount of collagen added. The formation of the prostaglandins was associated with the single wave of aggregation induced by collagen or the second wave of aggregation induced by epinephrine. The above findings are discussed with reference to published studies on the biochemical changes occurring during platelet aggregation. It is suggested that the formation and release of prostaglandins is associated with the secretion of endogenous ADP and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Mechanism of ECG changes and arrhythmogenic properties of low osmolality contrast media during coronary arteriography in dog
Authors: N.-E. Klow, P. M Tande, O. Hevroy, H. Refsum
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Mechanism of ECG changes and arrhythmogenic properties of low osmolality contrast media during coronary arteriography in dog Get access Nils-Einer Kløw, Nils-Einer Kløw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pål M Tande, Pål M Tande Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Olav Hevrøy, Olav Hevrøy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helge Refsum Helge Refsum Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 4, April 1990, Pages 303–308, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.4.303 Published: 01 April 1990 Article history Received: 14 February 1989 Accepted: 28 November 1989 Published: 01 April 1990
Decreased numbers of circulating B cells in myeloma patients with reduction after conventional chemotherapy
Authors: C. Kallmeyer, M. Wallmeier, K. Kiel, M. Moos, U. Hegenbart, R. Haas, H. Goldschmidt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Reports of high numbers of circulating monotypic B cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have recently been published. These cells, which were identified by their expression of CD19, were reported to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and to represent the source of relapse. We examined blood samples from 48 patients before and 53 patients after glucocorticoid containing chemotherapy by dual color flow cytometry. The absolute count of CD19+ B cells in patients before treatment (212.6 ± 24.8 × 106/l) was decreased compared to normal controls (P = .038). In the post-treatment group, circulating B cells were highly significantly lower than in untreated patients (45.23 ± 6.69 × 106/l. P < .001). This reduction was also seen in 26 patients, that were followed during chemotherapy. The cytoplasmic κ/λ ratio was within normal range before and after treatment with no difference according to the light chain isotype of the paraprotein. We conclude that circulating B cells are not increased in patients with MM, that the majority of these cells are polyclonal, and that conventional chemotherapy effectively reduces circulating B cells without leading to dominance of resistant monotypic cells. Am. J. Hematol. 57:287–292, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Penicillin-induced haemolytic anaemia.
Authors: M. A. Rossiter, I. R. Gray, N. K. Shinton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Macrolides and LincomycinSIR,-Your review in " Today's Drugs" (27 July, p. 233) states that most of the reports of studies with lincomycin in the treatment of osteomyelitis and of bone concentration of this antibiotic have emanated from the United States.While acknowledging that Holloway and his colleagues were the first to publish on this subject,' I wish to draw your attention to a study in Edinburgh where 52 patients suffering from acute or chronic bone and joint infection were treated with lincomycin and followed up for periods of up to three years.'Treatment was successful in 43 patients, some of whom had long histories of chronically discharging sinuses.Bone penetration of lincomycin was studied and was found to be satisfactory.Similar findings have been reported from Glasgow, Czechoslovakia, and Germany.Ì t is important to remember that dis- sociated cross-resistance is an in-vitro pheno- menon, and it has been our experience and that of other workers that the majority of erythromycin-resistant staphylococci remain lincomycin-sensitive, and that the treatment with lincomycin may be successful when erythromycin has failed.'`-9 I am, etc.,
Abstract P6-09-05: Neem leaf extract, rich in nimbolide and azadirachtin targets radiation-induced stemness in surviving breast cancer cells
Authors: V Pandian, M Natarajan, S Aravindan, TS Herman, N Aravindan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recently, we have shown that the neem leaf extract (NLE) rich in Nimbolide and Azadirachtin exerted radiosensitization and alleviates tumor progression in varied solid tumor models. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated its potential in the regulation of radiation (IR)-induced stemness in surviving breast cancer (BCa) cells. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells either mock-irradiated or exposed to IR (2Gy) with or without NLE (1, 10 or 100μg) pre-treatment (for 3h) and analyzed at 3h or 24h post-IR. Transcriptional alterations of 93 molecules that drive EMT, CSCs self-renewal capacity and pluripotency maintenance were analyzed using QPCR profiling. NANOG, SOX2, ABCG2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and GSK3β expression was examined by immunoblotting. Radiation profoundly increased 67 stem-cell related molecules in surviving BCa cells. NLE exerted a dose-dependent (1μg, 23; 10μg, 51; 100μg, 64 genes) inhibition of IR-induced stem-cell related molecules. Second-phase observations at 24h post-IR revealed no recovery of NLE-inhibited transcription with complete inhibition of 12, 66 and 64 genes after 1, 10 and 100μg. Gene comparison analysis revealed both ‘dose-independent’ (20genes at 3h and 12genes at 24h) and ‘time-independent’ (6, 50 and 61 genes at 1μg, 10μg and 100μg respectively) inhibition. Interestingly, six genes (BMP4, CDH1, EGF3, FOXA2, GSK3β and HDAC2) showed both ‘time-and-dose-independent’ inhibition. Coherently, immunoblotting revealed a consistent regulation of IR-induced NANOG, SOX2, ABCG2, N-cadherin in the surviving BCa cells. Together these data demonstrate that NLE targets IR-induced stemness in surviving BCa cells and may thus serve as a potential “deliverable” to negate breast cancer relapse and progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-09-05.
The Blood in Cholera
Authors: A. B. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1849)

THEL author of the following paper feels some hesitation in publishing the analyses, which he has had the opportunity of making, as to the condition of the Blood in Cholera, but has been induced to do so for the following reason: that at the present time it is exceedingly doubtful whether the disease is likely to disappear altogether from this country, or whether the cases, which have already occurred in London, are only the forerunners of a much more severe visitation.If the former should fortunately be the case, the results of the investigations, unless quickly published, would soon lose their interest; if the latter, their being made known may elicit further inquiry into the subject, and hence be a means of causing the important changes, whic.h the blood undergoes in this affection, to be much more satisfactorily determined.His hesitation arises from the analyses having been by no means so numer ous or satisfactory as he could wislh, on account of the great difficulties which have been experienced in London, during the present epidemic, in procuring blood from Cholera patients wlhen alive.Hence, he has been compelled to make use of that obtained at post-mortem exaaminations-a proceeding bv no means so satisfactory, on account of the probability of partial coagulation having taken place in the vessels, and there- fore of the blood not being obtainied in its eutire state; that is to say, in some cases an undue proportion of the serum, in others, of the cruor, being procured.Frequently also, it is impossible, in such blood, to separate a quantity of serum sufficient for analysis; and thierefore, in many cases, the most important portion of the blood canniot be properly examined.As many valuable investigations of the blood in Cholera were made during the last epidemic (131-32), it may not l)e uniantereSting to the reader, at the present time, to }e enabled shortly to survey the results then obtained, and find in what points they agree, and in vhat they differ, from those recently observed.VOL. 1.
Lung Mass Appearing as a Dilated Left Ventricle on Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Robert Williams, Emma Mclean, Rachel O'Connell, Thomas O. Nunan, Michael J. O'Doherty
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a common tracer used in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Several benign and malignant tumors also take up tetrofosmin. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of a left lung mass awaiting resection. The patient was referred for a myocardial perfusion scan for preoperative risk assessment. The myocardial perfusion scan revealed a large cavitated lesion mimicking a dilated left ventricle and the CT scan revealed a large mass in the left lung with central necrosis displacing the heart and mediastinum. The patient underwent thoracotomy with resection of the mass and the histology confirmed atypical carcinoid. This case highlights noncardiac uptake of Tc-99m tetrofosmin in an atypical carcinoid.
"Own goal" or patients' penalty?
Authors: P. J. Mahaffey
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Perhaps it’s significant that a week after publication, there were no responses to this story.1 But what is more important, or scandalous, than the news that “the number of surgeons in England who can perform routine operations on children has dwindled”? As a surgical trainee in the early 1980s, I performed most types of children’s …