tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy Results and Follow-Up of an Integrated Inpatient Treatment for Severe Cases of Anorexia nervosa
Authors: K. Engel, B. Wilfarth
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

The therapeutic elements of an inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa are presented with the therapy results as well as a 2-year follow-up of 39 patients who were treated at Hamburg University Hospital from 1980 to 1983. The favorable results (high weight gain, short duration of therapy, distinct psychological improvement with a total of 53% of virtually cured patients at the end of therapy) declined partially during the 2-year follow-up period (51% virtually cured). The results are compared with those of an earlier concept which was focussed rather on strict regimen and medical treatment, which also resulted in 53% virtually cured patients (n = 218; follow-up period 9.6 years). We will discuss the question whether the methodology presented here can be an alternative to family therapy for somatically severe cases with structural (psychic) lability, lack of patient motivation and uncooperative families.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: F. J. García-Hernández, C. Ocaña-Medina, R. González-León, R. Garrido-Rasco, J. Sánchez-Román
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease. New treatments have favourably changed the prognosis. Its frequent association with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) has been previously acknowledged 1–3. ATD may also be associated with other autoimmune diseases. Here, we report two cases of PAH associated with type II autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS).

In the first case, a 50-yr-old female was diagnosed with idiopathic PAH (dyspnoea on exertion, angina, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) determined by right catheterisation 6.38 kPa (48 mmHg)). Slightly high levels of thyrotropin (TSH) were detected, with normal free thyroxine (FT4) levels, and high serum concentrations of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. She improved with i.v. epoprostenol, although it was later necessary to add sildenafil and bosentan. In October 2003, a goitre appeared. Levels of TSH and FT4 were normal. Scintigraphy showed a diffuse goitre without …
Modulation of Neural Networks for Behavior
Authors: Ronald M. Harris-Warrick, Eve Marder
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Stressor Specificity of Central Neuroendocrine Responses: Implications for Stress-Related Disorders
Authors: Karel Pacák, Miklós Palkovits
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

Despite the fact that many research articles have been written about stress and stress-related diseases, no scientifically accepted definition of stress exists. Selye introduced and popularized stress as a medical and scientific idea. He did not deny the existence of stressor-specific response patterns; however, he emphasized that such responses did not constitute stress, only the shared nonspecific component. In this review we focus mainly on the similarities and differences between the neuroendocrine responses (especially the sympathoadrenal and the sympathoneuronal systems and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis) among various stressors and a strategy for testing Selye's doctrine of nonspecificity. In our experiments, we used five different stressors: immobilization, hemorrhage, cold exposure, pain, or hypoglycemia. With the exception of immobilization stress, these stressors also differed in their intensities. Our results showed marked heterogeneity of neuroendocrine responses to various stressors and that each stressor has a neurochemical "signature." By examining changes of Fos immunoreactivity in various brain regions upon exposure to different stressors, we also attempted to map central stressor-specific neuroendocrine pathways. We believe the existence of stressor-specific pathways and circuits is a clear step forward in the study of the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders and their proper treatment. Finally, we define stress as a state of threatened homeostasis (physical or perceived treat to homeostasis). During stress, an adaptive compensatory specific response of the organism is activated to sustain homeostasis. The adaptive response reflects the activation of specific central circuits and is genetically and constitutionally programmed and constantly modulated by environmental factors.
Hepatitis Antigen in Pleural Fluid
Authors: WAYMAN D. MERRILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1977Hepatitis Antigen in Pleural FluidWAYMAN D. MERRILL, M.D., J. RANDOLPH FARRIS, M.D., OTIS ROUNDS, M.D.WAYMAN D. MERRILL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. RANDOLPH FARRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, OTIS ROUNDS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-247_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to report having identified hepatitis antigen in a pleural effusion complicating a case of hepatitis. Pleural effusion, as a complication of hepatitis, was first reported in 1971 (1). Later, a series of patients with hepatitis was reported in which it was again shown that hepatitis may rarely be complicated and even preceded by a pleural effusion (2). Hepatitis antigen has been reported in urine, saliva, bile, feces, semen, breast milk, tears, vaginal secretions, and sneeze droplets, but never before in pleural fluid (3).A 40-year-old Latin American man presented with a complaint of anorexia and...References1. GROSSGERDING PD: Pleural effusion associated with viral hepatitis. Gastroenterology 60:898-902, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KATSILABROSTRIANDAFILLOUKONTOYIANNIS LGP: Pleural effusion and hepatitis. Gastroenterology 63:718, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GITNICK G: Chronic HBsAg carriers, pp. 491-493 Google Scholar GITNICK G in (moderator): The liver and the antigens of hepatitis B. Ann Intern Med 85:488-496, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WAYMAN D. MERRILL, M.D.; J. RANDOLPH FARRIS, M.D.; OTIS ROUNDS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine Martin Luther King, Jr., General Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90059 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1977Volume 87, Issue 2Page: 247-247KeywordsAntigensBileBreast milkHepatitisHepatitis APleural effusionSalivaSemenSneezingUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Rediscovery of Regular Insulin
Authors: F. D. W. Lukens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

AS a teacher of medicine, Dr. Joslin had a gift for asking provocative questions. In meeting the realities of patient care, he could not wait for the unfinished business of the biochemist. Indeed, what does every physician do but extrapolate incomplete knowledge to meet the needs of his patients as well as possible? I shall attempt to follow Dr. Joslin's example by questioning the completeness of customary thinking, on the assumption that such imitation will be a modest but sincere memorial.The title, "The Rediscovery of Regular Insulin," is really a by-product of the perennial question, "What is control of . . .
Relation between early introduction of solid food to infants and their weight and illnesses during the first two years of life.
Authors: J S Forsyth, S A Ogston, A Clark, C D Florey, P W Howie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relations between early introduction of solid food and infant weight, gastrointestinal illness, and allergic illnesses during the first two years of life. DESIGN--Prospective observational study of infants followed up for 24 months after birth. SETTING--Community setting in Dundee. PATIENTS--671 newborn infants, of whom 455 were still available for study at 2 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Infants9 diet, weight, and incidence of gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness, napkin dermatitis, and eczema at 2 weeks and 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months of age. RESULTS--The infants given solid food at an early age (at &lt; 8 weeks or 8-12 weeks) were heavier than those introduced to solids later (after 12 weeks) at 4, 8, 13, and 26 weeks of age (p &lt; 0.01) but not at 52 and 104 weeks. At their first solid feed those given solids early were heavier than infants of similar age who had not yet received solids. The incidence of gastrointestinal illness, wheeze, and nappy dermatitis was not related to early introduction of solids. There was a significant but less than twofold increase in respiratory illness at 14-26 weeks of age and persistent cough at 14-26 and 27-39 weeks of age among the infants given solids early. The incidence of eczema was increased in the infants who received solids at 8-12 weeks of age. CONCLUSION--Early introduction of solid food to infants is less harmful than was previously reported. Longer follow up is needed, but, meanwhile, a more relaxed approach to early feeding with solids should be considered.
The Initial Employment Status of Physicians Completing Training in 1994
Authors: Rebecca S. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To gain information about the career status of residents who completed graduate medical education training programs in selected specialties and subspecialties during the 1993-1994 academic year.A descriptive one-page survey of residency program directors, including two mailed follow-up surveys, was conducted from January 1, 1995 to June 1, 1995.Directors of residency programs in 26 specialties and subspecialties accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, totaling 4369 programs.Program directors identified the number of resident physicians who completed the program, the known career status of those physicians, the number of physicians who had experienced difficulty finding a practice position, the characteristics of the full-time clinical practice positions, and the number of physicians who could not find full-time employment. The perceptions about likely trends in the availability of practice opportunities for graduates in the future and the likely change in the number of resident positions were also assessed.A total of 3090 program directors (70.7%) completed the survey. Respondents reported that 15999 resident physicians completed training in one of the 26 specialties and subspecialties, and 63.2% of these graduates were potentially seeking a professional position. Most of those not seeking a position were pursuing additional training (92.9%). Of those seeking employment, the percentage who did not find a full-time position in their specialty or subspecialty ranged between none in urology to 10.8% in pathology. Across all specialties, about 70% of graduates looking for full-time positions entered clinical practice in their specialty of training. Physicians pursuing generalist careers had fewer problems finding preferred positions than those pursuing nongeneralist specialties. Finally, program directors in most nongeneralist specialties believed that the degree of difficulty their graduates will experience in finding a full-time practice position will increase during the next year.Physicians attempting to enter practice in some specialties and in some regions of the country are experiencing difficulty. In some cases up to 10% of the resident physicians did not find full-time positions in their specialty or subspecialty. The differences noted between the generalist and nongeneralist specialties are consistent with widespread perceptions about the current market. These data establish the baseline for analyzing trends.
A Clinical Lecture ON A CASE OF MULTIPLE DISEASE OF JOINTS IN A YOUNG CHILD: Delivered at Guy's Hospital
Authors: W. H. White
Journal: BMJ (1905)

GENTLEMEN,-Thi5 afternoon we are going to,discuss the case of this little boywhom you see before you, and I hope that he will prove to be of some interest.I have here the report ab6ut him made by [r.Mollison; and he tells us that the boy is 5 years old, and that he has come into the hospital on account of swelling of many joints -and enlarged lymphatic glands.The family history is unimportant.He is one of eight children.He is said to have had jaundice two and a half years ago following an attack of diarrhoea and vomiting.He walked at the age of io months.He had an attack like the present, the history tells us, three years ago.His mother says that then the ankles first enlarged, then the knees, and at that time the glands were also eflarged and painful.The present attack began at the end of March, 1904, and it was similar to the previous one.The swelling .of the joints began this time in the ankles and knees, the affection of the knees preceding the ankles by a very short time.The joints swelled and became painful; and after the knees and ankles were
Epinephrine 0.3 mg Bioavailability Following a Single Injection with a Novel Epinephrine Auto-injector, e-cue™, in Healthy Adults, with Reference to a Single Injection using EpiPen® 0.3 mg
Authors: E.S. Edwards, R. Gunn, E.F. Simons, K. Carr, V.M. Chinchilli, G. Painter, R. Goldwater
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Peripheral Neuropathy And Tetanus Toxoid
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In theClinical Notes(<b>198</b>:1030, 1966), peripheral neuropathy following tetanus toxoid administration was first reported. While it is quite apparent that there was an allergic reaction, it is most probable, if not certain, that the injection was in the vicinity of the radial nerve. Naturally, one would have to see the location of the needle insertion. However, in the posterior aspect of the deltoid muscle, in its lower section, a deep injection could involve the radial nerve, and in the lateral aspect of the arm, if the needle is sufficiently long and goes posteriorly, the material will be injected in the vicinity of the radial nerve. Since the allergic plexitis (if one would call it that) involves the terminal branches of the brachial plexus, it is inconceivable that only a single nerve could be affected, particularly when this nerve is not usually affected in other forms
Truly independent research?
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Aims</h3> Mutation detection accuracy has been described extensively; however, it is surprising that pre-PCR processing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples has not been systematically assessed in clinical context. We designed a RING trial to (i) investigate pre-PCR variability, (ii) correlate pre-PCR variation with <i>EGFR/BRAF</i> mutation testing accuracy and (iii) investigate causes for observed variation. <h3>Methods</h3> 13 molecular pathology laboratories were recruited. 104 blinded FFPE curls including engineered FFPE curls, cell-negative FFPE curls and control FFPE tissue samples were distributed to participants for pre-PCR processing and mutation detection. Follow-up analysis was performed to assess sample purity, DNA integrity and DNA quantitation. <h3>Results</h3> Rate of mutation detection failure was 11.9%. Of these failures, 80% were attributed to pre-PCR error. Significant differences in DNA yields across all samples were seen using analysis of variance (p&lt;0.0001), and yield variation from engineered samples was not significant (p=0.3782). Two laboratories failed DNA extraction from samples that may be attributed to operator error. DNA extraction protocols themselves were not found to contribute significant variation. 10/13 labs reported yields averaging 235.8 ng (95% CI 90.7 to 380.9) from cell-negative samples, which was attributed to issues with spectrophotometry. DNA measurements using Qubit Fluorometry demonstrated a median fivefold overestimation of DNA quantity by Nanodrop Spectrophotometry. DNA integrity and PCR inhibition were factors not found to contribute significant variation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating that variation in pre-PCR steps is prevalent and may detrimentally affect the patient9s ability to receive critical therapy. We provide recommendations for preanalytical workflow optimisation that may reduce errors in down-stream sequencing and for next-generation sequencing library generation.
Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder for Bladder Cancer: Oncologic Results of 171 Cases With a Median 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jian Huang, Tianxin Lin, Hao Liu, Kewei Xu, Caixia Zhang, Chun Jiang, Hai Huang, Yousheng Yao, Zhenghui Guo, Wenlian Xie
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Helping schoolchildren with asthma breathe easier: partnerships in community-based environmental health education.
Authors: M S O'Neill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Hospitalizations and deaths attributed to asthma are increasing, and the disease has disproportionate impacts on children and minority populations, particularly African-Americans. Because asthma hospitalizations and deaths are viewed by many experts as preventable events, and because asthma's toll is so significant in economic terms, increased efforts to reverse these trends, particularly among the most affected groups, are warranted. Reducing exposures to airborne pollutants known to trigger asthma in both indoor and outdoor environments is one important preventive strategy. The public-private partnership effort to implement the Open Airways for Schools asthma management curriculum in urban elementary schools, with its emphasis on pollution prevention, is an example of a community-based effort that may help decrease the toll asthma takes on society.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Treatment with pentoxyifylline
Authors: P. Redondo, F. Ruiz Erenchun, M.E. Iglesias, P. Monedero, E. Quintanilla
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Treatment with pentoxyifylline Get access P. Redondo, P. Redondo Departments of Dermatology School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Ruiz De Erenchun, F. Ruiz De Erenchun Departments of Dermatology School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Iglesias, M.E. Iglesias Departments of Dermatology School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Monedero, P. Monedero Anaesthesia University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Quintanilla E. Quintanilla Departments of Dermatology School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Page 688, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13130.x Published: 01 May 1994
Public Health and Media Advocacy
Authors: Lori Dorfman, Ingrid Daffner Krasnow
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2013)

Media advocacy blends communications, science, politics, and advocacy to advance public health goals. In this article, we explain how media advocacy supports the social justice grounding of public health while addressing public health's "wicked problems" in the context of American politics. We outline media advocacy's theoretical foundations in agenda setting and framing and describe its practical application, from the layers of strategy to storytelling, which can illuminate public health solutions for journalists, policy makers, and the general public. Finally, we describe the challenges in evaluating media advocacy campaigns.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Primes Lung Macrophages to Produce Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates
Authors: BARRY WEINBERGER, LADAN FAKHRZADEH, DIANE E. HECK, JEFFREY D. LASKIN, CAROL R. GARDNER, DEBRA L. LASKIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Inhaled nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. The potential adverse effects of inhaled nitric oxide are unknown and represent the focus of the present studies. Whereas inhalation of nitric oxide (10 to 100 ppm, 5 h) by Balb/c mice had no effect on the number or type of cells recovered from the lung, a dose-related increase in bronchoalveolar lavage protein was observed, suggesting that nitric oxide induces alveolar epithelial injury. To determine if this was associated with altered alveolar macrophage activity, we quantified production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates by these cells. Interferon- γ , alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages. Cells from mice exposed to 20 to 100 ppm nitric oxide produced significantly more nitric oxide and expressed greater quantities of iNOS than cells from control animals. Superoxide anion production and peroxynitrite generation by alveolar macrophages were also increased after exposure of mice to nitric oxide. This was correlated with increased antinitrotyrosine antibody binding to macrophages in histologic sections. Taken together, these data demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide primes lung macrophages to release reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. Increased production of these mediators by macrophages following inhalation of nitric oxide may contribute to tissue injury.
The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase.
Authors: P A Kern, M Saghizadeh, J M Ong, R J Bosch, R Deem, R B Simsolo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

A previous study reported the increased expression of the cytokine TNF in the adipose tissue of genetically obese rodents. To examine this paradigm in humans, we studied TNF expression in lean, obese, and reduced-obese human subjects. TNF mRNA was demonstrated in human adipocytes and adipose tissue by Northern blotting and PCR. TNF protein was quantitated by Western blotting and ELISA in both adipose tissue and the medium surrounding adipose tissue. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), TNF mRNA levels were examined in the adipose tissue of 39 nondiabetic subjects, spanning a broad range of body mass index (BMI). There was a significant increase in adipose TNF mRNA levels with increasing adiposity. There was a significant correlation between TNF mRNA and percent body fat (r = 0.46, P < 0.05, n = 23). TNF mRNA tended to decrease in very obese subjects, but when subjects with a BMI > 45 kg/m2 were excluded, there was a significant correlation between TNF mRNA and BMI (r = 0.37, P < 0.05, n = 32). In addition, there was a significant decrease in adipose TNF with weight loss. In 11 obese subjects who lost between 14 and 66 kg (mean 34.7 kg, or 26.6% of initial weight), TNF mRNA levels decreased to 58% of initial levels after weight loss (P < 0.005), and TNF protein decreased to 46% of initial levels (P < 0.02). TNF is known to inhibit LPL activity. When fasting adipose LPL activity was measured in these subjects, there was a significant inverse relationship between TNF expression and LPL activity (r = -0.39, P < 0.02, n = 39). With weight loss, LPL activity increased to 411% of initial levels. However, the magnitude of the increase in LPL did not correlate with the decrease in TNF. Thus, TNF is expressed in human adipocytes. TNF is elevated in most obese subjects and is decreased by weight loss. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between TNF and LPL expression. These data suggest that endogenous TNF expression in adipose tissue may help limit obesity in some subjects, perhaps by increasing insulin resistance and decreasing LPL.