tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between arsenic exposure from a coal-burning power plant and urinary arsenic concentrations in Prievidza District, Slovakia.
Authors: Ulrich Ranft, Peter Miskovic, Beate Pesch, Pavel Jakubis, Elenora Fabianova, Tom Keegan, Andre Hergemöller, Marian Jakubis, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

To assess the arsenic exposure of a population living in the vicinity of a coal-burning power plant with high arsenic emission in the Prievidza District, Slovakia, 548 spot urine samples were speciated for inorganic As (Asinorg), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and their sum (Assum). The urine samples were collected from the population of a case-control study on nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). A total of 411 samples with complete As speciations and sufficient urine quality and without fish consumption were used for statistical analysis. Although current environmental As exposure and urinary As concentrations were low (median As in soil within 5 km distance to the power plant, 41 micro g/g; median urinary Assum, 5.8 microg/L), there was a significant but weak association between As in soil and urinary Assum(r = 0.21, p < 0.01). We performed a multivariate regression analysis to calculate adjusted regression coefficients for environmental As exposure and other determinants of urinary As. Persons living in the vicinity of the plant had 27% higher Assum values (p < 0.01), based on elevated concentrations of the methylated species. A 32% increase of MMA occurred among subjects who consumed homegrown food (p < 0.001). NMSC cases had significantly higher levels of Assum, DMA, and Asinorg. The methylation index Asinorg/(MMA + DMA) was about 20% lower among cases (p < 0.05) and in men (p < 0.05) compared with controls and females, respectively.
Fc receptor stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in natural killer cells is associated with protein kinase C-independent granule release and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Authors: J D Bonnema, L M Karnitz, R A Schoon, R T Abraham, P J Leibson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Although diverse signaling events are initiated by stimulation of multichain immune recognition receptors on lymphocytes, it remains unclear as to which specific signal transduction pathways are functionally linked to granule exocytosis and cellular cytotoxicity. In the case of natural killer (NK) cells, it has been presumed that the rapid activation of protein kinase C (PKC) enables them to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and "natural" cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. However, using cloned human NK cells, we determined here that Fc receptor stimulation triggers granule release and ADCC through a PKC-independent pathway. Specifically, pretreatment of NK cells with the selective PKC inhibitor, GF109203X (using concentrations that fully blocked phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin-induced secretion) had no effect on FcR-initiated granule release or ADCC. In contrast, FcR ligation led to the rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and inhibition of this enzyme with the selective inhibitor, wortmannin, blocked FcR-induced granule release and ADCC. Additional experiments showed that, whereas FcR-initiated killing was wortmannin sensitive and GF109203X insensitive, natural cytotoxic activity toward the tumor cell line K562 was wortmannin insensitive and GF109203X sensitive. Taken together, these results suggest that: (a) PI 3-kinase activation induced by FcR ligation is functionally coupled to granule exocytosis and ADCC; and (b) the signaling pathways involved in ADCC vs natural cytotoxicity are distinct.
Psychosexual implications of gynaecological cancer
Authors: M E Crowther, R H Corney, J H Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Sexual dysfunction is common among adults with cancer,1 and women with gynaecological cancer are no exception.2,3 Much of this is easily explained, given that most patients with cancer experience anxiety or depression after diagnosis and during treatment. To this may be added other aspects of their condition or treatment that make sex difficult - chronic fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea, altered genital appearance or loss of the vagina, tender scars, pain, malodour, alopecia, nervousness about breakdown of the wound, embarrassment about stomas, or advanced disease. What is less clear is why, after “successful” treatment, some women continue to have sexual difficulties.

Most of the organic causes of this problem relate to treatments that alter the genital area. Radical vulvectomy removes the clitoris (although orgasm may still occur4), renders the tissues tight and devoid of fat “cushioning,” and may result in prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall or vaginal stenosis. Radical hysterectomy shortens the vagina, and pelvic exenteration removes it entirely. Radiotherapy renders the vaginal mucosa dry, easily traumatised, stenosed, and less distensible; to this is added the effect of ovarian failure, which in itself causes substantial sexual dysfunction.5 Both surgery and …
Immunology of atopic eczema: overcoming the Th1/Th2 paradigm
Authors: K. Eyerich, N. Novak
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Atopic eczema (AE) is a challenge for modern medicine, because it is prevalent, severely affects quality of life of patients and their families, and causes high socioeconomic costs. The pathogenesis of AE is complex. While initial studies suggested a Th2 deviation as primary reason for the disease, numerous studies addressed a genetically predetermined impaired epidermal barrier as leading cause in a subgroup of patients. Recently, immune changes beyond the initial Th2 concept were defined in AE, with a role for specialized dendritic cells as well as newly identified T helper cell subsets such as Th17 and Th22 cells. Furthermore, trigger factors are expanded beyond classical Th2 allergens such as pollen or house dust mites to microbial products as well as self-antigens. This review pieces together our current understanding of immune as well as barrier abnormalities into the pathogenesis mosaic of AE.
Report on Mathematics in the Medical Sciences
Authors: David D. Rutstein, Murray Eden, Marcel P. Schützenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THIS conference on "Mathematics in the Medical Sciences" was called because medical scientists have begun to ask questions that entail the development of new mathematical theory and the application of more complex mathematical reasoning than has been the case in the past. Also, the effective use of new instruments now becoming available to medicine demands an understanding of their underlying physical theory and its mathematical application. The meeting was concerned with both the nature of mathematics and the technics for its application that have been useful to biology and medicine in the past or may be applicable in the near . . .
New Options for Prevention and Control of Influenza
Authors: Peter A. Patriarca
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
It's Almost Over— More Letters on Debbie
Authors: Sheldon T. Berkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I applaud the courage of the anonymous author of "It's Over, Debbie"<sup>1</sup>for placing his/her actions up for public scrutiny. I also applaud<i>JAMA</i>for publishing this article with the intent of stimulating discussion on the important subject of euthanasia.<sup>2</sup>However, I don't applaud the poorly thoughtout approach of this tired resident in dealing with the despair of a dying 20year-old woman who was having difficulty resting. Further, I am not sure that, with the advantage of hindsight, the author applauds his own actions. Numerous other articles<sup>3,4</sup>and letters<sup>5</sup>have debated the wisdom of this author's actions (and the Illinois Attorney General's Office has even tried to obtain the identity of the author for possible criminal prosecution), and in so doing have pointed out what we have learned about caring for the dying and protecting their best interests. I believe that the author
1132 THE REPORTER INTERACTING PROTEIN-2 MIGHT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 PRODUCTION BY HBE ANTIGEN
Authors: S. Wu, T. Kanda, F. Imazeki, A. Tawada, S. Nakamoto, M. Arai, K. Fujiwara, O. Yokosuka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Influences of Cylert Upon Memory Changes with ECT
Authors: IVER F. SMALL, PATRICIA SHARPLEY, JOYCE G. SMALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors report a preliminary study of the effects of Cylert (an equimolar compound of pemoline and magnesium hydroxide) on post-ECT learning and memory. The results appear encouraging, but further study is needed before the compound's clinical value can be proved conclusively.
Partition of calcium, phosphate, and protein in the fluid phase aspirated at calcifying sites in epiphyseal cartilage
Authors: David S. Howell, Julio C. Pita, Juan F. Marquez, Juan E. Madruga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A reproducible method, adapted from renal micropuncture techniques, was developed for sampling 10-40 mmul of a clear fluid from epiphyseal cartilage of normal or rachitic rats in vivo, either from the hypertrophic cell zone (C(f1)) or surface resting cell cartilage (L(f1)). Characterization of this fluid depended upon quantitation of protein, total inorganic phosphate (P(it)), total calcium (Ca(t)), nucleotide, and hemoglobin in volumes of 20 mmul. Established methods for macroscale measurements of each of these parameters have been modified to permit direct spectrophotometric readings on samples of 10(-10)-10(-11) g. The fluid from hypertrophic and peripheral resting cell cartilage was of an extracellular nature as evidenced by a high chloride and sodium, as well as low potassium, protein, and nucleotide content. The pH of fluid isolated from endochrondral plates in vivo was measured under oil as a function of P(CO2) and the computed bicarbonate was elevated above concurrent serum levels. After ultracentrifugation of C(f1) of normal, rachitic, and healing rachitic animals, nonprotein-bound calcium (Ca(f)) and phosphate (P(if)) were determined on supernatant fluids. The hypertrophic cell cartilage fluid of rachitic rats was distinguished by a high ratio C(f1)/serum of P(if). This ratio returned to normal during treatment of rickets. The upper limit for ionic activity A(1) Ca(++) x A HPO(4) (=) was too low to initiate precipitation of brushite or dicalcium phosphate but was in a range of supersaturation in respect to crystalline apatites. Thus these data are consistent with initiation of calcification by heterogeneous nucleation of mineral in the septal matrix but can be reconciled alternately with a precipitation mechanism only if the site of initial mineral phase separation is outside the septal matrix.
One promise fulfilled, much still to be done
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

This year, 2015, was the deadline for some pretty big promises.When these were made it must have seemed a long way off.In an article in the Lancet in 2004 I and others set 2015 as the date when there would be, we hoped, "health information for all" (Lancet 2004;364:295-300).More prominently, 2015 was the deadline for the United Nations' millennium development goals.Now, with much achieved but of course still more to do, we are into the post-2015 development agenda.But one important promise for 2015 has been fulfilled.The European Medicines Agency said that it would make publicly available the raw data from clinical trials of all newly approved drugs.And despite legal action from the drug industry (
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE STATUS OF THE DENTAL PRACTITIONER.Read in the Section on Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: JOS. D. HODGEN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

How few among us know the reason each time for what they do, or even try to solve the problem.How hard we have to drum the idea into the head of the average person, that growth or development of the part is induced by systematic exercise of the part, and if we as specialists expect a healthy and gener¬ ous growth in mental and physical ability, it must come very largely at least, not only by systematic thought and close study of books, but by training
Cetacean culture: Still afloat after the first naval engagement of the culture wars
Authors: Luke Rendell, Hal Whitehead
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Although the majority of commentators implicitly or explicitly accept that field data allow us to ascribe culture to whales, dolphins, and other nonhumans, there is no consensus. While we define culture as information or behaviour shared by a population or subpopulation which is acquired from conspecifics through some form of social learning, some commentators suggest restricting this by requiring imitation/teaching, human analogy, adaptiveness, stability across generations, progressive evolution (ratchetting), or specific functions. Such restrictions fall down because they either preclude the attribution of culture to nonhumans using currently available methods, or exclude parts of human culture. The evidence for cetacean culture is strong in some cases, but weak in others. The commentaries provide important information on the social learning abilities of bottlenose dolphins and some interesting speculation about the evolution of cetacean cultures and differences between the cultures of different taxa. We maintain that some attributes of cetacean culture are currently unknown outside humans. While experimental studies, both in the laboratory and in the wild, have an important role in the study of culture in whales and dolphins (for instance in determining whether dolphins have a Theory-of-Mind), the real treasures will be uncovered by long-term observational studies at sea using new approaches and technologies.
The Effects of Transfemoral Catheterization on Blood Flow in the Extremities
Authors: JOHN K. VYDEN, KOICHI NAGASAWA, WILLIAM GRAETTINGER, HAROLD S. MARCUS, MARSHA GROSETH-DITTRICH, H. J.C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The peripheral hemodynamics of 20 patients were studied 24 hours before and 24 hours following completion of Seldinger transfemoral cardiac catheterization. All patients were catheterized in the right femoral artery and vein, while in 13 an arterial needle was placed in the left femoral artery. In the catheterized leg, mean calf blood flow and venous capacitance fell while mean calf vascular resistance was increased. The placement of an indwelling arterial needle caused mean calf blood flow to fall with an increase in calf vascular resistance. Venous capacitance was unchanged. The above changes while present 24 hours after catheterization had returned to normal one week later. While no symptoms or signs of limb ischemia occurred, oscillometry showed deterioration in the lower limb pulsation amplitudes in 13 of the 20 patients. No significant changes in peripheral hemodynamics were seen in the limbs, the arteries of which had not been catheterized. Thus, although all patients were symptomless and free of signs suggestive of ischemia clinically, arterial and venous catheterization and/or the placement of an arterial needle causes significant changes which last at least 24 hours distal to the invasion of the vessels.
Current issues in arthrogenous inhibition.
Authors: A Young
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Joint disease commonly results in severe weakness of associated muscles. Efforts to restore strength are often unsuccessful, even in the absence of pain. This is because of the underlying inhibition of motoneurones by afferent signals from in and around the affected joint, 'arthrogenous inhibition'. This phenomenon has received scant scientific attention, but several experimental techniques are now available with which it can be studied in man. Animal studies suggest possible neurophysiological mechanisms. Selective atrophy of different muscle fibre types, perhaps implying selective inhibition of different types of motor unit, remains unexplained, however. The severity of arthrogenous inhibition can be temporarily reduced by silencing afferent traffic but none of the techniques is yet generally applicable in practice. An alternative therapeutic approach is to produce involuntary muscle contractions by electrical stimulation. The effectiveness of therapeutic electrical stimulation may depend on the frequency and other characteristics of the stimulus.
Talking with People about to Die
Authors: J. Hinton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Sixty patients receiving care for terminal cancer commented on their discussions with doctors and nurses. Of these, 40 had some awareness of dying and none disapproved of open discussion. Of the 21 reporting little or no truthful conversations with staff, nine were critical, but the other 12 were not dissatisfied, including some aware of the prognosis.
TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY FOR CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI ANTIBODIES
Authors: Antonio Aceti, Alfredo Pennica, Oriana Leri, Marta Caferro, Anastasio Grilli, Domenico Celestino, Vincenzo Casale, Francesco Citarda, Antonio Grassi, Francesco Sciarretta
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Extrathymic T Cell Deletion and Allogeneic Stem Cell Engraftment Induced with Costimulatory Blockade Is Followed by Central T Cell Tolerance
Authors: Thomas Wekerle, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Joshua Hill, Yong Zhao, Anil Chandraker, Kirsten G. Swenson, Guiling Zhao, Megan Sykes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

A reliable, nontoxic method of inducing transplantation tolerance is needed to overcome the problems of chronic organ graft rejection and immunosuppression-related toxicity. Treatment of mice with single injections of an anti-CD40 ligand antibody and CTLA4Ig, a low dose (3 Gy) of whole body irradiation, plus fully major histocompatibility complex–mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) reliably induced high levels (&amp;gt;40%) of stable (&amp;gt;8 mo) multilineage donor hematopoiesis. Chimeric mice permanently accepted donor skin grafts (&amp;gt;100 d), and rapidly rejected third party grafts. Progressive deletion of donor-reactive host T cells occurred among peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes, beginning as early as 1 wk after bone marrow transplantation. Early deletion of peripheral donor-reactive host CD4 cells also occurred in thymectomized, similarly treated marrow recipients, demonstrating a role for peripheral clonal deletion of donor-reactive T cells after allogeneic BMT in the presence of costimulatory blockade. Central intrathymic deletion of newly developing T cells ensued after donor stem cell engraftment had occurred. Thus, we have shown that high levels of chimerism and systemic T cell tolerance can be reliably achieved without myeloablation or T cell depletion of the host. Chronic immunosuppression and rejection are avoided with this powerful, nontoxic approach to inducing tolerance.
Study of the developmental pattern of heme catabolism in liver and the effects of cobalt on cytochrome P-450 and the rate of heme oxidation during the neonatal period.
Authors: M D Maines, A Kappas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The comparative development patterns of heme oxidation andof cytochrome P-450 dependent drug oxidation in rat liver were examined. High levels of heme oxygenase activity were present in whole embryo preparations at day 13 of gestation. At birth this enzyme activity in liver was approximately equal to that of normal adult liver. In the immediate postnatal period the rate of hepatic heme oxidation increased sharply, reaching levels 3-5 times normal during the first week postpartum. Thereafter, this enzyme activity progressively decreased and returned to normal adult levels by the 28th postpartum day. The development of microsomal heme oxidation and of P-450 dependent drug oxidation exhibited reciprocal patterns, with the latter being at low levels of activity during the immediate postnatal period and reaching adult activity only 4 or more wk after birth. Cobalt injected into pregnant animals or in to nursing mothers did not induce heme oxygenase in the fetus or suckling neonate. However, when treated directly with the metal, 4-day old neonates exhibited a small induction response of this enzyme; and the inducibility of heme oxygenase increased gradually to fully adult levels by the end of the 4th postpartum week. Cobalt at all postnatal developmental stages was capable of diminishing hepatic contents of total microsomal heme and P-450; however this effect of the metal was small in the immediate period after birth and increased progressively with maturation. These findings demonstrate that the patterns of development of hepatic capacity for carrying out the oxidation of heme and the P-450 dependent oxidation of drugs are different and thus provide further evidence that these microsomal enzyme systems are distinct from each other and under separate regulatory mechanisms. The degree of induction response for hepatic heme oxygenase evoked by the trace metal, cobalt, was also shown to have developmental determinants as did the susceptibility of hepatic cytochrome P-450 to degradation by this metal. The very high levels of hepatic heme oxygenase activity which characterize neonates during the first week of life indicate that over-production of bilirubin contributes significantly to the mechanism of neonatal jaundice.
Justinus Kerner (a Romantic Physician)
Authors: Heinrich G. Brugsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ON February 22, 1862, when Dr. Justinus Kerner died at Weinsberg in Württemberg, Germany lost one of its most sensitive poets, and the town where he had lived for forty-three years, its beloved physician.Kerner was born on September 14, 1786, at Ludwigsburg, then the capital of Württemberg. He was a countryman of Germany's great poet Friedrich Schiller, also a physician afield.Brought up in straitened financial circumstances since his father, a state employee, had died early and left a large family, Kerner had to work as a carpenter and clerk for several years before he was able to enter . . .
Peak diastolic/systolic velocity ratio of renal segmental arteries assessed by contrast-enhanced renal perfusion ultrasound strongly correlates with estimated creatinine clearance
Authors: Justin C. Lee, James E. Macioch, Sandeep Nathan, Maria Daniels, Mahala Johnson, Joanne Sandelski, Steven B. Feinstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)