tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The potential impacts of climate variability and change on health impacts of extreme weather events in the United States.
Authors: G Greenough, M McGeehin, S M Bernard, J Trtanj, J Riad, D Engelberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Extreme weather events such as precipitation extremes and severe storms cause hundreds of deaths and injuries annually in the United States. Climate change may alter the frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of these events. Increases in heavy precipitation have occurred over the past century. Future climate scenarios show likely increases in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, including precipitation during hurricanes, raising the risk of floods. Frequencies of tornadoes and hurricanes cannot reliably be projected. Injury and death are the direct health impacts most often associated with natural disasters. Secondary effects, mediated by changes in ecologic systems and public health infrastructure, also occur. The health impacts of extreme weather events hinge on the vulnerabilities and recovery capacities of the natural environment and the local population. Relevant variables include building codes, warning systems, disaster policies, evacuation plans, and relief efforts. There are many federal, state, and local government agencies and nongovernmental organizations involved in planning for and responding to natural disasters in the United States. Future research on health impacts of extreme weather events should focus on improving climate models to project any trends in regional extreme events and as a result improve public health preparedness and mitigation. Epidemiologic studies of health effects beyond the direct impacts of disaster will provide a more accurate measure of the full health impacts and will assist in planning and resource allocation.
Mechanism of acute depletion of plasma fibronectin following thermal injury in rats. Appearance of a gelatinlike ligand in plasma.
Authors: D C Deno, M H McCafferty, T M Saba, F A Blumenstock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Plasma fibronectin was depleted within 15 min following sublethal burn, followed by partial recovery at 8 h and complete restoration by 24 h in anesthetized rats. Radiolabeled 75Se-plasma fibronectin, injected intravenously before burn, was rapidly sequestered in burn skin as well as the liver. Fibronectin levels at 2 h postburn as detected by immunoassay vs. 75Se-plasma fibronectin indicated that more fibronectin was in the plasma than detected by electroimmunoassay. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of fibronectin in early postburn plasma demonstrated a reduced electrophoretic mobility of the fibronectin antigen. Addition of heparin or fibrin, both of which have affinity for fibronectin, to normal plasma was unable to reproduce this altered fibronectin electrophoretic pattern. In contrast, addition of gelatin or native collagen to normal plasma reproduced the abnormal electrophoretic pattern of fibronectin seen in burn plasma. Extracts of burned skin, but not extracts of normal skin, when added to normal plasma, elicited a similar altered electrophoretic pattern for fibronectin. By gel filtration, fibronectin in burn plasma had an apparent molecular weight approximately 40% greater than that observed in normal plasma. These data suggest the release into the blood of a gelatinlike ligand from burned skin, which complexes with plasma fibronectin. Thus, fibronectin deficiency acutely postburn appears mediated by (a) its accumulation at the site of burn injury; (b) its removal from the circulation by the liver; and (c) its presence in the plasma in a form that is less detectable by immunoassay.
Epidurals and backache: again?
Authors: F. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Anaesthetists have reason to be grateful to the BMJ for publishing yet another trial, albeit a small one, showing that epidural analgesia is not associated with long term backache.1 On each occasion this outcome seems to come as a surprise, so the finding is worth repeating. The BMJ published with alacrity several retrospective studies that gave the erroneous …
Treatment of Propoxyphene Poisoning
Authors: W. J. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> H F. Fraser, MD, recently (<b>204</b>:549, 1968) commented upon our recommendation (<b>203</b>: 1074, 1968) that activated charcoal be used in the treatment of propoxyphene hydrochloride ingestion. Dr. Fraser has obviously misinterpreted our letter; we did not imply that activated charcoal should be the only treatment for the ingestion of this drug. In vivo studies, in support of our recommendation, have been carried out in our institution. The timely administration of activated charcoal appears to prevent clinical symptoms of propoxyphene poisoning; dogs did not have convulsions nor did they appear to have muscle fasciculations or respiratory depression. Correlation of serum concentrations of this drug were unsuccessful; as Emmerson et al (<i>Toxic Appl Pharmacol</i><b>11</b>:482, 1967) so clearly demonstrated, concentrations of propoxyphene in the blood are always very low and do not reflect the changing drug concentrations in other tissues. Dr. Fraser states that the principal treatment
Protein Kinase D2 Mediates Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Bcr-Abl in Bcr-Abl+ Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Tamara Mihailovic, Martin Marx, Alexandra Auer, Johan Van Lint, Mathias Schmid, Christoph Weber, Thomas Seufferlein
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase activates various signaling pathways including nuclear factor κB that mediate proliferation, transformation, and apoptosis resistance in Bcr-Abl+ myeloid leukemia cells. Here we report that protein kinase (PK) D2, a serine threonine kinase of the PKD family, is a novel substrate of Bcr-Abl. PKD2 was found to be the major isoform of the PKD family expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and is tyrosine phosphorylated by Bcr-Abl in its pleckstrin homology domain. A mutant that mimicks tyrosine phosphorylation of PKD2 in the pleckstrin homology domain activates nuclear factor κB independently of its catalytic activity. Furthermore, our data show that Bcr-Abl–induced activation of the nuclear factor κB cascade in LAMA84 cells is largely mediated by tyrosine-phosphorylated PKD2. These data present a novel mechanism of Bcr-Abl–induced nuclear factor κB activation in myeloid leukemia. Targeting PKD2 tyrosine phosphorylation, not its kinase activity, could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Bcr-Abl+ myeloid leukemia.
Infectious Mononucleosis in an Adult Progressing to Fatal lmmunoblastic Lymphoma
Authors: DAVID R. SNYDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We report a case of infectious mononucleosis progressing to fatal immunoblastic lymphoma. The patient, a 44-year-old man who may have had an immunoregulatory defect, failed to have an appropriate T-cell response to his Epstein-Barr (EB) viral infection. His active EB viral infection was manifest by seroconversion of IgM-viral capsid antibody and a greater than four fold rise in IgG-viral capsid antibody. Also, he transmitted his EB viral infection to his wife who became ill 1 month after his death. Clinically the patient's illness was characterized by waxing and waning lymphadenopathy, persistent fever, diarrhea (similar to that associated with cholera), a coagulopathy, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient had pathologic findings of a diffuse immunoblastic lymphoma involving lymph nodes, small bowel, liver, pancreas, kidneys, lungs, and bone marrow. Immunologic cell markers showed the tumor to be polyclonal.
An Oriental Point of View in Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: Yujiro Ikemi, Akira Ikemi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

In many cases of ‘alexithymia’ there also seems to be a difficulty in the awareness and expression of bodily feelings (tentatively called ‘alexisomia’). Furthermore, this insensitivity to the body obstructs one’s awareness towards the laws of nature with which the body is implicitly in touch. Holistic awareness, which includes not only the intellect but also emotional, bodily and ecological (existential) aspects of man, can be the basic principle for holistic self-control. Oriental body-oriented approaches which facilitate such a holistic awareness must be reevaluated as an essential part of psychosomatic treatment.
Immune suppression or enhancement by CD137 T cell costimulation during acute viral infection is time dependent
Authors: Benyue Zhang, Charles H. Maris, Juergen Foell, Jason Whitmire, Liguo Niu, Jing Song, Byoung S. Kwon, Anthony T. Vella, Rafi Ahmed, Joshy Jacob, Robert S. Mittler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

CD137 is expressed on activated T cells and ligands to this costimulatory molecule have clinical potential for amplifying CD8 T cell immunity to tumors and viruses, while suppressing CD4 autoimmune T cell responses. To understand the basis for this dichotomy in T cell function, CD4 and CD8 antiviral immunity was measured in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong- or A/PR8/34 influenza-infected mice injected with anti-CD137 mAbs. We found that the timing of administration of anti-CD137 mAbs profoundly altered the nature of the antiviral immune response during acute infection. Antiviral immunity progressed normally for the first 72 hours when the mAb was administered early in infection before undergoing complete collapse by day 8 postinfection. Anti-CD137-injected LCMV-infected mice became tolerant to, and persistently infected with, LCMV Armstrong. Elevated levels of IL-10 early in the response was key to the loss of CD4(+) T cells, whereas CD8(+) T cell deletion was dependent on a prolonged TNF-alpha response, IL-10, and upregulation of Fas. Blocking IL-10 function rescued CD4 antiviral immunity but not CD8(+) T cell deletion. Anti-CD137 treatment given beyond 72 hours after infection significantly enhanced antiviral immunity. Mice treated with anti-CD137 mAb 1 day before infection with A/PR8/34 virus experienced 80% mortality compared with 40% mortality of controls. When treatment was delayed until day 1 postinfection, 100% of the infected mice survived. These data show that anti-CD137 mAbs can induce T cell activation-induced cell death or enhance antiviral immunity depending on the timing of treatment, which may be important for vaccine development.
Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in two sisters.
Authors: M Williams, P M Smith, D Doniach
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in two sistersWe report the cases of two elderly sisters, one with primary biliary cirrhosis and the other with chronic active hepatitis, with concurrent myxoedema.Screening of 23 relatives showed 14 to have serum autoantibodies. Case reportsCase 1-A 72-year-old obese woman presented in March 1974 with vertigo.She had a sallow complexion and looked myxoedematous but did not have a goitre.Ankle oedema was present but there was no ascites.A firm tender liver was palpable 4 cm below the costal margin.The spleen was not palpable.Plasma alkaline phosphatase was 205 IU/l but the results of other liver function test were normal.Thyroid function tests indicated hypothyroidism.
Discomfort or Disability in Patients with Chronic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Loldrup Poulsen, H.J. Hansen, M. Langemark, J. Olesen, P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

In the present study of 253 patients with chronic pain syndrome we have made a multidimensional approach. All patients have been included in the study independent of coexisting states of anxiety or depression. We included criteria for diagnosis, duration, generability and intensity of pain, anxiety and depression, psychosocial stressors and social functioning. Using this system we have evaluated the antipain effectiveness of clomipramine and mianserin in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. By use of the Melancholia Scale 16 patients (6%) had a major depression, and by use of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, 72 patients (28%) had a generalized anxiety disorder. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the three treatments, when using a visual analogue scale (VAS 10 cm with cut-off score 2 cm) for severity of pains as outcome criteria or the results of VAS and Global Clinical Impression Scale using the criteria of reduction of 50% or more between the pre-treatment and posttreatment scores. By use of all the assessments it is possible to make an improvement curve for each patient expressed by the area under the curve, and not even there we found a difference between the three treatments. Clomipramine and mianserin were significantly superior to placebo in the topographical pain subgroup with headache using area under the improvement curves as criteria (p < 0.05). When the 60-item General Health Questionnaire was used to identify minor psychiatric morbidity 44% was found. We can use this as a measure of quality of life. Our results have indicated that placebo-controlled studies are still needed in this field of research.
The relationship between low-level benzene exposure and leukemia in Canadian petroleum distribution workers.
Authors: A R Schnatter, T W Armstrong, L S Thompson, M J Nicolich, A M Katz, W W Huebner, E D Pearlman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between leukemia occurrence and long-term, low-level benzene exposures in petroleum distribution workers. Fourteen cases were identified among a previously studied cohort [Schnatter et al., Environ Health Perspect 101 (Suppl 6):85-89 (1993)]. Four controls per case were selected from the same cohort, controlling for birth year and time at risk. Industrial hygienists estimated workplace exposures for benzene, without knowledge of case-control status. Average benzene concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 6.2 ppm. Company medical records were used to abstract information on other potential confounders such as cigarette smoking. Odds ratios were calculated for several exposure metrics. Conditional logistic regression modeling was used to control for potential confounders. The risk of leukemia was not associated with increasing cumulative exposure to benzene for these exposure levels. Duration of benzene exposure was more closely associated with leukemia risk than other exposure metrics, although results were not statistically significant. A family history of cancer and cigarette smoking were the two strongest risk factors for leukemia, with cumulative benzene exposure showing no additional risk when considered in the same models. This study is consistent with other data in that it was unable to demonstrate a relationship between leukemia and long-term, low-level benzene exposures. The power of the study was limited. Thus, further study on benzene exposures in this concentration range are warranted.
Hiatus Hernia in Pregnancy
Authors: Arthur C. Gorbach, Duncan E. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DIAPHRAGMATIC hernias have been diagnosed with increasing frequency in the past twenty years because more frequent x-ray studies are made of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These hernias may be responsible for a variety of symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal or cardiorespiratory system. In general, they tend to occur in older age groups, and are somewhat more frequent in women.1 The role of pregnancy in the development of diaphragmatic hernia has not been determined. Since increased intraabdominal pressure is thought to be one of the predisposing factors, it is not unlikely that this lesion occurs during pregnancy and is responsible for . . .
IL-6 genotypic polymorphism and IL-6 levels in acute coronary syndromes with and without ST-segment elevation
Authors: Athanassios Manginas, Evgenia Bei, Nektarios Pilatis, Antigoni Chaidaroglou, Dimitris Degiannis, Ekaterini Koniavitou, Dennis V. Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Falciparum malaria semi-resistant to clindamycin.
Authors: A P Hall, E B Doberstyn, A Nanokorn, P Sonkom
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Clindamycin, a semi-synthetic antibiotic of the lincomycin family, at a dose of 450 mg eight-hourly for three days in adults cured five out of 10 patients moderately ill with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. Combination therapy with full-dose quinine and clindamycin for three days cured all four patients so treated who were followed up, and with half dosage three out of five patients were cured. Both combinations, however, caused upper gastrointestinal toxicity and appeared to potentiate both toxicity and possibly antimalarial efficacy. Colitis due to clindamycin was not observed. Sequential therapy was not toxic and could be useful in patients who have relapsed after more conventional treatment.
Excessive Dietary Intake of Vitamin A Is Associated with Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Increased Risk for Hip Fracture
Authors: Hakan Melhus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The highest incidence of osteoporotic fractures is found in northern Europe, where dietary intake of vitamin A (retinol) is unusually high. In animals, the most common adverse effect of toxic doses of retinol is spontaneous fracture. Objective: To investigate whether excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Design: A cross-sectional study and a nested case–control study. Setting: Two counties in central Sweden. Participants: For the cross-sectional study, 175 women 28 to 74 years of age were randomly selected. For the nested case–control study, 247 women who had a first hip fracture within 2 to 64 months after enrollment and 873 age-matched controls were selected from a mammography study cohort of 66 651 women 40 to 76 years of age. Measurements: Retinol intake was estimated from dietary records and a food-frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Hip fracture was identified by using hospital discharge records and was confirmed by record review. Results: In multivariate analysis, retinol intake was negatively associated with bone mineral density. For every 1-mg increase in daily intake of retinol, risk for hip fracture increased by 68% (95% CI, 18% to 140%; P for trend, 0.006). For intake greater than 1.5 mg/d compared with intake less than 0.5 mg/d, bone mineral density was reduced by 10% at the femoral neck (P = 0.05), 14% at the lumbar spine (P = 0.001), and 6% for the total body (P = 0.009) and risk for hip fracture was doubled (odds ratio, 2.1 [CI, 1.1 to 4.0]). Conclusion: High dietary intake of retinol seems to be associated with osteoporosis.
Abstract P1-04-08: Co-expression of putative stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers on single circulating tumour cells from patients with early and metastatic breast cancer
Authors: MA Papadaki, S Agelaki, G Kallergi, Z Zafeiriou, PA Theodoropoulos, V Georgoulias, D Mavroudis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with breast cancer (BC) has been associated with poor disease outcome. Cancer cells with stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties are considered to display enhanced metastatic potential. The presence of these features in CTCs could be an important determinant of increased metastatic behaviour. A new methodology was developed to investigate the co-expression of the stemness marker ALDH1 and the EMT marker TWIST on CTCs from patients with early and metastatic breast cancer, at the single-cell level. Patients and Methods : PBMC’ cytospins were prepared from PB obtained from 80 patients with early and 50 with metastatic breast cancer. Triple immunofluorescence staining was performed using anti-pancytokeratin (A45-B/B3), anti-ALDH1 and anti-TWIST antibodies. Classification of ALDH1 expression levels (high or low) and TWIST subcellular localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic) was performed in HepG2 control cells and three representative BC cell lines, using the ARIOL system. A total of 500.000 PBMCs per patient were subsequently analyzed. Results : CTCs were detected in 13 out of 80 (16%) and in 25 out of 50 (50%) patients with early and metastatic BC, respectively. Although co-expression of ALDH1 and TWIST was observed on almost all CTCs in both patient groups, CTCs expressing the phenotype ALDH1high/TWISTnuclear were more frequently detected among patients with metastatic compared to early disease (76% vs. 15% of patients, p = 0.0004). Moreover, a higher proportion of ALDH1high/TWISTnuclear CTCs was confirmed in the metastatic setting (62% vs. 13% of CTCs, p&amp;lt;0.0001). On the contrary, the phenotype ALDH1low/TWISTcytoplasmic was more prevalent among CTCs detected in early disease (32% vs. 8% of CTCs, p = 0.0006). Conclusions : A new assay is provided for the evaluation of ALDH1 and TWIST co-expression at the single-CTC level. CTCs bearing the ALDH1high/TWISTnuclear phenotype were more commonly detected in metastatic compared to early BC, suggesting that this phenotype prevails during disease progression. The characterization of CTCs according to these markers could be used to improve risk stratification in BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-04-08.
The Evolution of the Modern Ambulance
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

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