tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Causes of Rectal Haemorrhage
Authors: J. P. Lockhart-Mummery
Journal: BMJ (1938)

INVESTIGATIONS ON TUBERCULINMEDIC BIIOUSHAL 997 standard old tuberculin by means of the Mantoux test, the two tuberculins having been titrated previously on sensitive guinea-pigs.On intracutaneous test in a large number of guinea-pigs the preparations were almost equal in potency, only the most sensitive animals indicating that the "dried dilutions " were a trifle stronger.4. The reactions obtained with P.P.D. were very similar in character to the response with old tuberculin, both in guinea-pigs and in human subjects.5. Clinical comparison, both by measurement and by the relative number of positive and negative reactions obtained, indicated that the P.P.D. was slightly more potent than the old tuberculin, a fact that was only evident on the most sensitive guinea-pigs.6.The results of the four clinical workers suggest that if the Mantoux test were to be used as a method of com- paring the potency of two tuberculins it would be neces- sary to have observations on a large number of patients before any conclusion could be drawn.There would appear to be no advantage in using human subjects instead of guinea-pigs for the titration of old tuberculin.7. In practice the deterioration of dilutions of old tuberculin in phenol saline is not sufficient to prevent their use for Mantoux tests if they have been kept up to six weeks at room temperature or nine weeks in the ice-chest." DrOd dilutions " of P.P.D are much more stable, and have shown no detectable loss in potency after three years at room temperature.
SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations in primary myelofibrosis are associated with JAK2 and MPL but not calreticulin mutation and may independently reoccur after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: S Bartels, U Lehmann, G Büsche, J Schlue, M Mozer, J Stadler, I Triviai, H Alchalby, N Kröger, H Kreipe
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations in primary myelofibrosis are associated with JAK2 and MPL but not calreticulin
Ascitic Fluid Infusion
Authors: Iarold King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

INTRAVENOUS INFUSION of autogenous ascitic fluid in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites was first employed in 1911 by Gallup.<sup>1</sup>Since that time it has been utilized to a limited extent by several investigators. Renewed interest during the past few years has been evidenced by Britton,<sup>2</sup>and Yamahiro and Reynolds.<sup>3</sup>The concept of prolonged continuous and simultaneous paracentesis and intravenous infusion of unmodified autogenous ascitic fluid was introduced by one of us in 1961.<sup>4</sup>This procedure combines the benefits of abdominal paracentesis with restoration of the blood volume towards normal, and conservation of electrolytes and serum proteins. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of a disposable plastic apparatus which was recently developed for this procedure. The simplicity of the procedure should allow its use in any hospital. <h3>Apparatus</h3> The apparatus consists of a plastic bag with a capacity of approximately 500 ml, a
Dreams Which Culminate in Migraine Headaches
Authors: Harold Levitan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

23 dreams culminating in attacks of migraine were collected. Despite problems of overlap it was possible to separate out the dreams into six categories on the basis of their manifest content. All but one of the categories were characterized by the presence of powerful negative affect. By far the largest category was made up of dreams of terror.
Algorithms, Medicine, Chess, and War-Reply
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Witte and I are in agreement on every point that he raises. Chess is clean, elegant, and intellectual, but I suspect that Dr Witte has never been to war and does not appreciate the other end of the protested title, "Chess and Combat." Anyone who has been in combat knows that combat is a mess— confused, chaotic, and deadly. The algorithm, like chess, is clean, elegant, intellectual, and knowable. On the other hand, life is a mess and so is the practice of medicine.
Oral Food Challenges in 1 Year Old Infants Using Pre-Determined Challenge Criteria
Authors: K.J. Allen, J.J. Koplin, S. Almer, D. Dawson, T. Dang, S. Dharmage, L. Gurrin, D. Hill, A. Lowe, M. Matheson, P. Martin, L. Miles, N. Osborne, A. Ponsonby, M. Robertson, M. Slaa, M. Sutherland, T. Tan, M. Tang, D. Tey, L. Thiele, M. Wake
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF GLYCINE-RICH ß-GLYCOPROTEIN TO FACTOR B IN THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND TO THE COBRA FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Chester A. Alper, Ira Goodkofsky, Irwin H. Lepow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Factor B activity of the properdin system was found to be identical with purified glycine-rich beta-glycoprotein (GBG) but was distinct from the normal human serum protein capable of forming a C3-inactivating complex with a protein from cobra venom (CoF). Factor B activity coincided with electrophoretically separated GBG genetic variants, whereas the CoF-binding protein did not. GBGase destroyed factor B as it cleaved GBG but did not destroy the C3-inactivating activity of the CoF-binding protein. During incubation of serum with CoF, GBG did not change in molecular size, nor was there any coincidence in the immunoelectrophoretic mobilities of CoF and GBG. It was not possible to precipitate labeled CoF incubated with serum by anti-GBG, nor labeled GBG from serum incubated with CoF by anti-CoF. The CoF-binding capacity of serum was 2 mg/100 ml or less or under 6.5% of the serum concentration of GBG. When labeled CoF was added to serum below the binding capacity, complete complexation of the CoF was demonstrated, whereas CoF was largely uncomplexed when CoF was added in amounts equimolar to GBG.
A Novel Diagnostic Method for Evaluation of Vascular Lesions in the Digestive Tract Using Infrared Fluorescence Endoscopy
Authors: K. Okamoto, N. Muguruma, T. Kimura, H. Yano, Y. Imoto, M. Takagawa, M. Kaji, R. Aoki, Y. Sato, S. Okamura, Y. Kusaka, S. Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: We have developed an infrared fluorescence endoscope to evaluate gastrointestinal vascular lesions. Infrared endoscopy (IRE) after intravenous administration of indocyanine green (ICG) is used at present to examine vascular lesions such as esophageal varices. However, no previous study has compared the sensitivity of infrared fluorescence endoscopy (IRFE) with that of IRE. In this study, we compared the usefulness of IRFE and IRE. Patients and Methods: For IRFE we used an infrared endoscope equipped with excitation and barrier filters and an intensified charge-coupled device camera. In preliminary experiments, the observable tissue depth was assessed by wrapping increasing numbers of layers of commercially available pork around a syringe containing a uniform concentration of ICG or by changing the concentration of ICG in a syringe covered by a piece of pork of uniform thickness. In the clinial part of the study, ICG was administered intravenously at different concentrations to patients with esophageal varices and the resulting infrared fluorescent images were evaluated.
PUVA and cancer: a case-control study
Authors: B. LINDELOF, B. SIGURGEIRSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article PUVA and cancer: a case‐control study Get access B. LINDELÖF, B. LINDELÖF Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. SIGURGEIRSSON B. SIGURGEIRSSON Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 1, 1 July 1993, Pages 39–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03308.x Published: 01 July 1993 Article history Accepted: 05 January 1993 Published: 01 July 1993
Surgical correction of nearsightedness.
Authors: S. J. Bechara, K. P. Thompson, G. O. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Nearsightedness (or myopia) has been recognised for more than 2000 years'; during the past several cen- turies, efforts have been made to determine its cause and to devise adequate treatment.About a quarter of the population in the West is nearsighted,'`3 and this proportion rises to almost 50% in Asia.4In the United States nearly a quarter of people aged 12-54 are myopic, and the proportion increases considerably with family income and educational level.Myopia is less prevalent in men and in blacks.2Myopia occurs when parallel rays of light entering the eye are brought to focus in front of the retina, causing distant objects to be blurred while the near vision is preserved.5The amount of myopia is measured in negative dioptres.A dioptre is the unit of measure of the power of a spectacle or contact lens, and one dioptre is equal to the power of a lens with a focal length of one metre.Therefore, a subject who has -5 00 dioptres of myopia needs a concave corrective lens with a power of -5 00 dioptres to neutralise that refractive error and provide normal visual acuity.Among myopic people, 80% have up to -6 00 dioptres of myopia.Treatment for myopia has included herbs and procedures based on superstitions that predate recorded history.6For centuries prosthetic devices such as spectacles were the only option to correct myopia.Other non-surgical treatments such as ortho- keratology,7 cycloplegic agents,8 and bifocal lenses9 failed to show effective or consistent results.Spectacles provide an efficient optical solution but they are often inconvenient, they limit some activities, and they are considered unattractive by some people.Many myopic people would like normal vision without dependence on extemal devices, and this is what drives most patients to consider ocular surgery. 10Refractive surgery includes any operation intended to alter the refractive state of the eye."The ideal refractive surgical procedure should provide pre- dictable, reversible, adjustable, and stable correction without any loss of corrected visual acuity.Surgical methods to treat refractive errors were first proposed a century ago, and the main developments in this field are shown in the table.There are currently more than Main developments in refractive surgeryfor myopia
Independent medical school is long overdue
Authors: Helen Nellis, Karol Sikora
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Electronic data protection: procedures need drastic improvementEditor-Gulena et al are correct to challenge overzealous interpretation of data protection law in their questionnaire survey of patients' and visitors' views about having their names displayed in hospital. 1Measures taken by doctors to safeguard patient confidentiality, especially electronic records, are, however, severely deficient and fuel the concerns of those entrusted to police data security.We invited 32 surgical trainees to complete a questionnaire regarding their Data Protection Act registration and electronic data confidentiality practices.Of 29 responders, 26 trainees regularly computerised and stored patients' data.One person was registered with the Data Protection Act.Only three of 14 desktops, eight of 19 laptops, and three of 14 handheld computers forced a password logon.Sixteen of 29 trainees used the same password for all machines, and 25 of 27 passwords were less than eight characters long.All desktops, 16 of 19 laptops, and five of 14 handhelds were routinely connected to the internet, and half of these had not had their online security settings adjusted.Of 29 trainees, 28 did not encrypt their sensitive data files.Ten trainees had sent patients' data unencrypted over the internet, using a non-secure server.Electronic data confidentiality practices among surgical trainees are unsafe, and this is unlikely to be confined to our study population.A breach in confidentiality would have widespread implications for public trust.][4] Existing passwords should be improved, and biometric logon systems (fingerprint scanning) considered.Files containing sensitive data should be routinely encrypted.Magnetic and solid state computer storage devices (including hard disks, floppy disks, CD Roms, DVD Roms, and memory sticks) should undergo routine physical or electronic data shredding after their final use. 5 We are implementing medical information technology security training for this particu-lar group of doctors and would urge others to initiate similar programmes before a serious breach occurs.
Abstract 379: Target delivery of multistage nanovectors to tumor-associated macrophages and endothelial cells in orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kenji Yokoi, Biana Godin, Jenolyn F. Alexander, Tony Hu, Xuewu Liu, Isaiah Fidler, Mauro Ferrari
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies in humans with a 1-year survival rate of 18%, and a 5-year survival rate of less than 3%. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies for this disease. In patients, the tumor microenviroments consist of 70 to 90% stroma tissue supporting growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer. Therefore stroma is a potential target for therapy. The stroma consists of various cellular elements, including tumor associated macrophages and endothelial cells. Identification of molecular targets overexpressed in stroma cells holds great potential for design of specific nanocarriers to attain homing of therapeutic and imaging agents to the tumor. Physico-chemical characteristics of the nanovectors greatly affect their in vivo behavior and we have recently shown that carrier geometry plays an important role in its biodistribution. In this study, we found increased expression of CD59 in tumor associated endothelial cells as well as infiltrating cells in the stroma as compared to uninvolved pancreas in clinical specimen of pancreatic cancer patients. We explored this dual targeting effect using L3.6pl human pancreatic cancer cells implanted into the pancreas of nude mice. To produce a chronic disease with high proportion of stroma, we injected only 5 × 104 viable cells that produced visible tumors after three months (chronic disease model). Increased stroma formation was found only in the chronic disease model, but not when 1 × 106 cells were injected (acute model). In the chronic model, immunofluorescence analysis of tumor confirmed the increased expression of Ly6C, mouse homolog of CD59, in tumor associated endothelial cells as well as in macrophages in stroma. In the next experiment, we decorated the surface of porous silicon nanovectors with Ly6C antibody. Targeted nanovectors injected intravenously accumulated to tumor associated endothelial cells expressing Ly6C 15 minute after injection. At 4 hours after administration, 9.8 ± 2.3 % of injected dose/g tumor of the Ly6C targeting nanovectors accumulated in the pancreatic tumors as opposed to 0.5 ± 1.8 % of control nanovectors with non targeting antibody. Immunofluorescence analysis of tumor revealed that Ly6C targeting nanovectors were engulfed by tumor associated macrophages which also express Ly6C in stroma. Collectively, these results suggest that Ly6C (or CD59) expressed on tumor associated endothelial cells and macrophages can serve as a novel dual target for pancreatic cancer. These experiments are on going. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 379. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-379
Comparisons of the effects on satiety and eating behaviour of infusion of lipid into the different regions of the small intestine.
Authors: I M Welch, C P Sepple, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1988)

Food intake and feelings of hunger and fullness were monitored in paired studies carried out in two groups of six healthy non-obese male volunteers during infusion of isotonic solutions of either a 50% corn oil emulsion or saline into the jejunum or into the ileum. Infusion of the lipid emulsion at a rate of 1.2 ml/min (4.9 kcal/min) into either the ileum or the jejunum significantly reduced the period of eating (p less than 0.01) and the quantity of food consumed (p less than 0.01), but neither affected the rates of drinking or the amount of fluid consumed. Infusion of the lipid emulsion into the jejunum also significantly reduced the sensations of hunger before the meal (p less than 0.05), and the rate of ingestion (p less than 0.01). Ileal infusion did not influence these indices. The results suggest that jejunal and ileal infusion of lipid reduces the size of the meal that could be consumed possibly by inhibiting gastric emptying. The alleviation of hunger before ingestion and the slower rate of eating, however, suggests that jejunal lipid activates an additional mechanism that influences the appetite centre in the hypothalamus directly.
Density and morphology of Langerhans cells in basal cell carcinomas of the face and trunk
Authors: L. BHRGFELT, O. LARKO, M. LINDBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

We investigated the density and morphology of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets of basal cell carcinomas in chronically sun‐exposed skin (face) and less exposed skin (trunk) of 65 patients. Langerhans cells in perilesional and control skin at the same anatomical sites as the tumours were also examined. Two markers (ATPase and OKT6) were used in a parallel fashion to identify Langerhans cells. The density of the cells was reduced, and their morphology was changed in epidermis overlying tumours of both the face and trunk. These alterations were confined to tumour areas, as Langerhans cells in perilesional skin were normal when compared with control skin at both anatomical sites. Results with both markers were the same.
Malposition of a subclavian line. Resultant pleural effusions, interstitial pulmonary edema, and chest wall abscess during total parenteral nutrition
Authors: D. D. Oakes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE USE of hyperosmolar intravenous solutions to provide positive nitrogen and calorie balance in patients unable to maintain adequate nutrition by conventional means has become a well-established clinical technique. Because of their hypertonicity, such solutions must be administered into an area of rapid blood flow with adequate mixing. This usually involves the placement of a central venous catheter. The metabolic and septic complications of total parenteral nutrition have been reviewed extensively. Complications of catheter placement have also been reported, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, thrombophlebitis, brachial plexus injury, mediastinal hematoma, and carotid artery laceration. We recently encountered a complication that has not been reported in the literature, to our knowledge. This complication was manifested by pleural effusions, interstitial pulmonary edema, and chest wall abscess. It occurred because of catheter malposition undetected by the usual methods of confirming line placement. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old woman was transferred to the Peter
Brief Report: Activity of Imatinib in a Patient with Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor Receptor Positive Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura
Authors: Tommaso De Pas, Francesca Toffalorio, Piergiuseppe Colombo, Giuseppe Trifirò, Giuseppe Pelosi, Paolo Della Vigna, Michela Manzotti, Monica Agostini, Filippo de Braud
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Abstract A9: A whole-locus sequencing approach to identify polymorphisms associated with juvenile-onset granulosa cell tumor susceptibility in SWR mice
Authors: Ann M. Dorward, Kerri N. Smith, Zoha Rabie, Edward S. Yaskowiak, Laura G. Reinholdt
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genes that are fundamental for normal development and regulation of the mammalian ovary have been identified through genetic investigations of unusual cases of altered fecundity, infertility or ovarian pathology in model species. In the SWR/Bm (SWR) inbred mouse, we have mapped three distinct loci on Chromosome (Chr) 4 (Gct1) and Chr X (Gct4, Gct6) that have a deleterious effect on ovarian development leading to the formation of juvenile-onset granulosa cell (GC) tumors. GC tumors in SWR female mice have strong parallels with juvenile-type GC tumors that appear in infants and young girls based on endocrinological, histological and malignant criteria. As such, the genetic and epigenetic determinants for tumorigenic processes operative in SWR mice will provide novel information for translational investigations of human juvenile-type GC tumors. The Gct1 allele derived from the SWR strain (Gct1SW) is unique in its support of androgen-sensitive GC tumor-susceptibility, with the expectation that a unique mutation underlies this trait. The X-linked Gct4 locus is a modifier locus for early-onset GC tumorigenesis, acting in conjunction with the Gct1 allele to enhance or diminish tumor susceptibility with a strong paternal, parent-of-origin effect. The X-linked Gct6 locus harbors a tumor suppressor for GC tumorigenesis, with a unique allele contributed by the Castaneus mouse strain. Forward genetic crosses and congenic strain mapping have resolved the candidate gene intervals for Gct1, Gct4 and Gct6 to 1.31, 1.34 and 1.02 Mb, respectively. It was our goal to evaluate all potential protein-coding or regulatory sequence polymorphisms between the GC tumor-sensitive SWR inbred strain and SWR-derived congenic strains that are resistant to androgen-inducible GC tumorigenesis. The individual locus regions were subsequently captured in a custom library approach prior to high-throughput, next generation sequencing. Informatics analyses of all polymorphisms are underway in the search for unique variants that will be investigated for their causal role in GC tumor susceptibility in this mouse model. For the Gct1SW locus, protein-coding variants have been excluded by our analysis, suggesting that regulatory variant(s) support the juvenile-onset GC tumor susceptible phenotype. Citation Format: Ann M. Dorward, Kerri N. Smith, Zoha Rabie, Edward S. Yaskowiak, Laura G. Reinholdt. A whole-locus sequencing approach to identify polymorphisms associated with juvenile-onset granulosa cell tumor susceptibility in SWR mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A9.