tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Bicarbonate Reabsorption in the Proximal and Distal Tubules of the Kidney*
Authors: Floyd C. Rector, Norman W. Carter, Donald W. Seldin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Considerable evidence (1-6) has been adduced to support the hypothesis that the reabsorption of filtered HC03 by the kidney is mediated by a single mechanism, operafive in both the proximal and distal portions of the nephron, which involves the secretion of cellular H hi exchange for luminal Na. The secreted H reacts with filtered HCO3 to form I-I CO3, which then decomposes to CO2 and H O. Difficulties arise, however, when the details of the process are examined. In the steady state, the rate at which the H2CO3 is removed from the luminal fluid must equal the rate at which H is secreted. Walser and Mudge (7) have estimated that for the uncatalyzed dehydration of H2C03 to account for the observed rates of HCO3 reabsorption, the steady-state concentration of H2C03 in luminal fluid must be at least tenfold greater than the concentration that would exist were H2C03 in equilibrium with the CO2 tension of luminal fluid and plasma. As a result of the excess H2CO3, the steady-state pH would be approximately 1 pH U lower than would be predicted from the luminal concentration of HCO3 and the CO2 tension of plasma, assuming complete equilibration of luminal H2C03 with plasma CO2. A marked disequilibrium pH1 would exist. Two lines of evidence have been advanced to support the presence of a disequilibrium pH in the proximal tubule. Rector and Carter (8) perfused single proximal tubules with NaHCO3 and estimated the steady-state intraluminal pH from the change in color of various acidbase indicators. The pH was found to be about 1.5 U lower than the predicted equilibrium pH. However, since the color change could result from loss of dyes by either reabsorption or binding to cell proteins, the validity of these results may be questioned. Bank and Aynedjian (9) measured intratubular pH by aspirating tubular fluid into quinhydrone microelectrodes and comparing the readings while the electrode was still in the tubular lumen with the values obtained when the fluid was removed from the tubule and permitted to reach equilibrium. With this technique, they found the intratubular pH to be 2.0 to 2.5 pH
STUDIES OF PLASMA VOLUME USING HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN TAGGED WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE131
Authors: Kenneth R. Crispell, Blanche Porter, Robert T. Nieset
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The purpose of this paper is to report a method of determining plasma volume in man, using hu- man serum albumin tagged with radioactive iodine, Il8.The preparation of the tagged material and a check of its stability and physiological behavior will also be discussed.We will also give a pre- liminary report of our results using this method for the determination of plasma volume in man as compared with the plasma dye method using Evans Blue Dye, T-1824.The determination of plasma volume, using the Evans Blue Dye, T-1824 (1, 2), has become an accepted laboratory procedure in clinical investi- gation.In the course of an investigation of changes in blood volume it became apparent that repeated determinations in the same individual over a short period of time were impossible using this method.A method combining a radioactive isotope with a non-toxic vehicle seemed worthy of trial.This vehicle must of necessity be macro- molecular, to prevent rapid diffusion from the vas- cular space, freely miscible with plasma, and of a chemical nature to combine with a radioactive iso- tope.The radioactive isotope must also be non- toxic and possess a relatively short half-life.Lerman (3) has shown that serum albumin is a suitable agent for iodination because it contains approximately 4.5 per cent tyrosine.Fine and
Assessment of diastolic function: suggested methods and future considerations.
Authors: I Mirsky
Journal: Circulation (1984)

RECENT STUDIES in diseased hearts have demon- strated that diastolic dysfunction may precede abnor- malities in systolic ventricular performance.There- fore, it is important to critically review methods currently being used in the assessment of diastolic function.Many review articles and symposia that express dif- fering points of view have been published recently.'-5Several of the controversies stem from a misunder- standing of basic principles of physics and mathemat- ics, the use of inappropriate analyses, and the desire to develop simple indexes of diastolic function.The em- phasis here will therefore be on the development of relationships between pertinent physiologic parameters, the applications of various mathematic models, and suggestions of topics requiring further study.In particular, attention will be focused on methods for the assessment of chamber stiffness, myocardial stiffness, and the time constant of relaxation since these are important factors involved during shifts in the pres- sure-volume relationship after drug intervention or pacing-induced angina. Methods and illustrative examplesAssessment of chamber stiffness.Chamber stiffness is generally defined as a change in pressure relative to a change in volume (i.e., dP/dV) of a hollow elastic structure such as the left or right ventricle.Its reciprocal (dV/dP) is termed chamber compliance.Exponentiality of the diastolic pressure-volume re- lationship has been demonstrated in animal studies and therefore the relationship P = Aekv (where P is pres- sure and A and k are curve-fitting parameters) has often been invoked.Since the resulting chamber stiffness-pressure relationship is linear (dP/dV = kAekv = kP), the slope k is being used as an index of cham-
COMPUTATIONAL MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES FOR PHASE-SPECIFIC BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION IN NOVEL IN VIVO AND IN VITRO VIRAL MYOCARDITIS MODELS INDUCED BY CARDIOVIRUS
Authors: Fereidoon Shafiei, Seiichi Omura, Eiichiro Kawai, Fumitaka Sato, Nicholas E Martinez, Viromi Fernando, Liam Morris, J. Steven lexander, Urska Cvek, Marjan Trutschl, Ikuo Tsunoda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Disturbance in Z-Disk Mechanosensitive Proteins Induced by a Persistent Mutant Myopalladin Causes Familial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Anne-Cecile Huby, Uzmee Mendsaikhan, Ken Takagi, Ruben Martherus, Janaka Wansapura, Nan Gong, Hanna Osinska, Jeanne F. James, Kristen Kramer, Kazuyoshi Saito, Jeffrey Robbins, Zaza Khuchua, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty.
Authors: T A Fischell, U Nellessen, D E Johnson, R Ginsburg
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To determine whether balloon angioplasty can provoke arterial vasoconstriction independent of platelet aggregation and neurogenic input, we studied the spontaneous vasomotor effects of balloon dilatation in isolated, perfused whole-vessel segments of rabbit aorta and pig carotid artery. Freshly dissected rabbit thoracic aortas were mounted in a muscle bath-perfusion chamber, perfused with physiologic saline solution at 70 mm Hg, and allowed to equilibrate. The proximal or distal half of the aortas were dilated with either a "large" (5 mm, 31-51% stretch beyond relaxed diameter) or a "small" (4 mm, 5-16% stretch) balloon angioplasty catheter with the other half of the vessel serving as the control. A similar series of experiments were performed in pig carotid arteries using "large" (6 or 8 mm, 48-90% stretch) balloon catheters. The spontaneous vasomotor effects of balloon angioplasty were examined with long-axis, high-frequency ultrasonic imaging combined with computerized edge detection image processing to measure changes in segmental internal vessel diameters. Additional experiments were carried out in rabbit aortas to determine the roles of the endothelium, extracellular calcium, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and calcium-channel blockade in modulating angioplasty-induced vasoconstriction. Significant arterial vasoconstriction was observed in the balloon angioplasty segments after dilatation with 5-mm balloons but not with 4-mm balloons. After dilatation with 5-mm balloons, the angioplasty segments' cross-sectional areas decreased by an average of 31% versus 4% for the nondilated (control) segments (p less than 0.0001). Similar postangioplasty vasoconstriction was observed in the pig carotid arteries (decrease in minimal vessel cross-sectional area of 41% [angioplasty segment] versus 2% [control segment]) (p less than 0.005). This angioplasty-induced vasoconstriction was prevented by endothelial denudation before angioplasty, removal of extracellular calcium, and pretreatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen. The vasoconstriction was only partially inhibited by calcium channel blockade with verapamil. These findings demonstrate that stretch-pressure-induced arterial vasoconstriction may occur after balloon angioplasty, independent of platelet aggregation and neurogenic input. This angioplasty-induced vasoconstriction appears to be mediated by an endothelially derived cyclooxygenase product(s).
Evaluating the Potential Usefulness of New Prognostic and Predictive Indicators on Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: G. Gasparini, F. Pozza, A. L. Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Evaluating the Potential Usefulness of New Prognostic and Predictive Indicators on Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Get access Giampietro Gasparini, Giampietro Gasparini Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, St. Bortolo Regional Medical CenterVicenza, Italy Correspondence to : Giampietro Gasparini, M.D., St. Bortolo Regional Medical Center, 36100 Vicenza, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franco Pozza, Franco Pozza Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, St. Bortolo Regional Medical CenterVicenza, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adrian L. Harris Adrian L. Harris Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, and John Radcliffe HospitalHeadington, Oxford, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 15, 4 August 1993, Pages 1206–1219, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.15.1206 Published: 04 August 1993 Article history Received: 14 December 1992 Revision received: 21 April 1993 Accepted: 12 May 1993 Published: 04 August 1993
Mechanisms underlying effects of nocturnal ventilation on daytime blood gases in neuromuscular diseases
Authors: D Annane, MA Quera-Salva, F Lofaso, JB Vercken, O Lesieur, C Fromageot, B Clair, P Gajdos, JC Raphael
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The hypothesis that, in neuromuscular and chest wall diseases, improvement in central respiratory drive explains the effects of night-time ventilation on diurnal gas exchanges was tested. The effects at 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 yrs of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on arterial blood gas tension, pulmonary function, muscle strength, sleep parameters, respiratory parameters during sleep and ventilatory response to CO2 were evaluated in 16 consecutive patients with neuromuscular or chest wall disorders. As compared with baseline, after IPPV daytime arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) increased (+2.3 kPa at peak effect) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) and total bicarbonate decreased (-1.8 kPa and -5 mmol x L(-1), respectively) significantly; vital capacity, total lung capacity, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient did not change; the apnoea-hypo-opnoea index and the time spent with an arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) value &lt;90% decreased (-24 and -101 min, respectively), sleep efficiency and mean Sa,O2 increased (+16% and +5%, respectively); and ventilatory response to CO2 increased (+4.56 L x min(-1) x kPa(-1)) significantly. The reduction in Pa,CO2 observed after IPPV correlated solely with the increase in the slope of ventilatory response to the CO2 curve (r=-0.68, p=0.008). In neuromuscular or chest wall diseases, improvement of daytime hypoventilation with nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation may represent an adaptation of the central chemoreceptors to the reduction of profound hypercapnia during sleep or reflect change in the quality of sleep.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome during treatment with ketorolac trometamol.
Authors: M L Randi, T Tison, G Luzzatto, A Girolami
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Terfenadine is a non-sedating anti- histamine, available without pre- scription in many countries.We report torsades de pointes ventricu- lar tachycardia occurring in a healthy woman who was treated with regular doses of terfenadine and itraconazole, an antifugal agent.As far as we know this is the first report of interaction between terfenadine and itraconazole.
Lyb-2 system of mouse B cells. Evidence for a role in the generation of antibody-forming cells
Authors: H Yakura, F-W Shen, M Kaemmer, EA Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The Lyb-2 cell-surface alloantigens of the mouse are selectively and perhaps exclusively expressed in the B lymphocyte lineage, but not on antibody- forming cells. Thus if the Lyb-2 molecule is concerned in specific B cell function, it must participate in the generative phase of the antibody response. Accordingly, monoclonal Lyb-2 antibody was found to depress the plaque- forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes in 5-d Mishell-Dutton assays when added within the first 3 d of culture, but not later. The rate of PFC generation was not affected, signifying an absolute reduction in the number of PFC generated. Because reduction of PFC counts by Lyb-2 antibody was not affected by exclusion of Lyt-2(+) T cells, it is unlikely that the reduction depends on augmented suppression by T cells. Augmented B cell- mediated suppression is also unlikely, because the PFC response of serial combinations of congenic Lyb-2.1 and Lyb-2.2 cells, in the presence of monoclonal Lyb-2.1 antibody, was reduced only in direct proportion to the number of Lyb-2.1 cells present. The PFC response of Lyb-2.1/Lyb-2.2 heterozygous cells was not reduced by Lyb-2.1 antibody, presumably because generation of PFC is impeded only if most Lyb-2 sites are blocked. Further evidence that the molecule identified by Lyb-2 plays a critical role in the generation of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in response to T-dependent antigen comes from the finding that Lyb-2 antibody does not reduce the PFC response to the T-independent antigens trinitrophenylated (TNP) Brucella abortus and TNP-FicolI, although elimination of Lyb-2(+) cells from the starting population by Lyb-2 antibody and complement reduces the PFC response to T- dependent and T-independent antigens alike.
Lack of effect of misoprostol, an orally active prostaglandin E1 analogue, and of I.V. prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: A. Ginès, JM Salmerón, P. Ginès, J. Llach, W. Jiménez, A. Rimola, V. Arroyo, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
P818 MICROVESICULAR STEATOSIS; THE MISSED ITEM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NAFLD?
Authors: G. Celebi, C.N. Ercin, A.F. Cicek, H. Gurel, E. Sertoglu, C. Acikel, Y. Karslioglu, S. Tapan, T. Dogru, S. Bagci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Tyrosine phosphate in melanoma progression
Authors: L. Mcardle, O. Bergin, M.E. Fallowfield, P.A. Dervan, D.J. Easty
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Cellular tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by two large families of enzymes. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) mediate addition, and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), removal of phosphate from protein substrates. PTKs are oncogenes and PTPs have been hypothesized to function as tumour suppressor genes.To determine changes in tyrosine phosphate and PTP activity that occur during melanoma progression.Immunohistochemistry was used to study phosphotyrosine in melanocytic lesions. In addition, PTP activity of normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based system.Melanocytes in normal skin and most (67%) benign naevi were not immunostained. Neither were early malignant lesions (80% of malignant melanoma in situ and radial growth phase melanomas) stained. However, most advanced melanomas (100% of vertical growth phase, and 90% of metastatic melanomas) were immunoreactive. When total PTP enzyme activity was assayed in normal melanocytes and malignant melanoma cell lines, there was a significant increase in activity associated with melanoma progression.Taken together, the data suggest increased phosphotyrosine signalling occurs during melanoma progression at the stage when cells first become competent for metastasis.
Induction of local angiotensin II-producing systems in stenotic aortic valves
Authors: Satu Helske, Ken A. Lindstedt, Mika Laine, Mikko Mäyränpää, Kalervo Werkkala, Jyri Lommi, Heikki Turto, Markku Kupari, Petri T. Kovanen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
University hospitals and the NHS review.
Authors: E Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1990)

of deterioration and a low risk of surgical compli- cations whether she was or was not taking anti- coagulant drugs.I would have offered burr hole aspiration of the fluid component of the haematoma, and I feel the authors should not be congratulated for the recovery of their patient.It will always be difficult to balance the risks of surgery for intracranial haematomas, particularly in patients receiving anticoagulation, but I hope that their report will not encourage clinicians routinely to manage such haematomas conserva- tively.
Abstract 2516: Immunohistochemical characterization of a novel, highly sensitive monoclonal antibody to folate receptor α
Authors: Daniel J. O'Shannessy, Elizabeth B. Somers, Yao-Shi Fu, Robert Smale, Robert P. Thiel, Nicholas C. Nicolaides
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Folate receptor ≤ (FRα) has restricted expression in normal tissues but high-level expression in a subset of epithelial-derived tumors, including non-mucinous ovarian carcinomas and non-small cell lung (NSCL) adenocarcinomas. FRα has shown significant potential for targeted cancer therapy and several promising agents are in late-stage clinical development. As such, robust reagents are needed that can be used across diverse diagnostic platforms to identify patients who have FRα-expressing tumors. The immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization of a novel, high-affinity monoclonal antibody (MAb) against FRα is described. Methods: MAbs were generated to modified full-length FRα protein using standard methods. One MAb, 26B3.F2, displayed high affinity and the ability to bind FRα on both fresh/frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. An optimized IHC protocol was developed and FRα expression was assessed on commercial tissue microarrays (US Biomax). Data were analyzed using an M-score, a newly introduced, weighted-intensity score that incorporates both the proportion of FRα-positive cells and the staining intensity. A board-certified pathologist scored the level of FRα expression. Results: Normal tissue staining for MAb 26B3.F2 demonstrated a limited distribution on focal epithelial surfaces of pancreas, lung, salivary gland, kidney, hypophysis, thyroid, and breast samples. Staining was mainly located in the lumen. The tissue distribution is consistent with the published literature. Strong staining was observed in 100% of serous ovarian samples and a significant proportion of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples. FRα expression, as determined by MAb 26B3.F2 in NSCL cancer samples, demonstrated high discrimination between adenocarcinoma (positive) and squamous cell carcinomas (negative) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: MAb 26B3.F2 is a highly sensitive, robust agent suitable for identifying FRα expression by IHC and other diagnostic platforms. In addition to the expected distribution in normal tissue, MAb 26B3.F2 revealed high-level expression of FRα in ovarian cancer and NSCL adenocarcinoma samples, and the ability to discriminate differential expression between two NSCL cancer subtypes, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Preliminary evidence therefore suggests that MAb 26B3.F2 IHC will be a useful tool to support further development of FRα-targeted therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2516. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2516
Reaching a Milestone
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Visualization of Fecal Viruses
Authors: June D. Almeida
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A new technic is invariably surrounded by an aura of almost ritualistic mystique that can only gradually be eroded by the passage of time. One can imagine that after several decades of exhaustively controlled and supervised rocket launches, the day will come when an untidy, out-of-breath passenger, carrying his luggage in a plastic bag, will demand to know if he has missed the 8 a.m. moon bus. An example of just such a lowering of initial standards can be seen today in the field of electron microscopy. Early electron microscopes were such fragile and temperamental machines that by far the . . .
COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TESTS FOR STREPTOCOCCUS, GONOCOCCUS AND OTHER BACTERIA IN INFECTIVE DEFORMING ARTHRITIS AND ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS
Authors: THOMAS WOOD HASTINGS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

counts me to lie charted by the wnrd doctor (in black ink) in Bpace above 103 temperature line.Hi typhoid fever cuses, chart diet and lirst day up.All standing or continued orders are to be charted in black ink in proper space, corresponding to the hour ordered.When treat¬ ments or drugs ¡ire discontinued, Cue order for the discon¬ tinuance is placed in the space ns near ns possible to (he hour which corresponds lo t'nat in which the change is ordered to tnkc place, Several methods are employed for Ihe Btoring and keeping of the completed records.'In small hospitals, the cumber of the records being small, suitable manila paper covers are attached lo the histories and the whole properly placed in filing cases according lo general hos- pital or speeial service Dumber.In larger hospitals Ihe histories are bound, and Ibis keeps the records in small compass and prevenís the loss ol' any individual history..