tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contrasting interleukin 2 binding properties of the alpha (p55) and beta (p70) protein subunits of the human high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor.
Authors: J W Lowenthal, W C Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

In this report, we have investigated the kinetics of IL-2 binding to the alpha (p55) and beta (p70) IL-2 binding proteins and compared these properties with ligand binding to the high-affinity IL-2-R. The association and dissociation of IL-2 to the alpha (p55) chain occurred with very rapid kinetics (t 1/2 = 4-10 s). In contrast, IL-2 association to, and dissociation from the beta (p70) chain occurred at a greatly reduced rate (t 1/2 = 40-50 min and 200-400 min, respectively). Measurements of IL-2 binding to the high-affinity receptor revealed an interesting composite of these binding properties with a rapid association rate (t 1/2 = 30-45 s) resembling the alpha (p55) chain and a slow dissociation rate (t 1/2 = 270-300 min) similar to the beta (p70) chain. These findings provide additional support for the model of the high-affinity IL-2-R as a heterodimeric membrane complex composed of both the alpha (p55) and beta (p70) subunits and suggest that high-affinity IL-2 binding may involve a conformational change in structure of either or possibly both of the receptor chains. These results highlight the important and perhaps different role played by each subunit in the formation of functional high-affinity IL-2-R.
Exaggeration of acute liver damage by hepatic sympathetic nerves and circulating catecholamines in perfused liver of rats treated with -galactosamine
Authors: M IWAI
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Effects of electrical stimulation of the hepatic nerves on acute liver damage were examined using isolated rat liver perfused in situ, 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection with D-galactosamine (800 mg/kg). The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from the liver was used as markers of acute liver damage. In perfused livers after treatment with galactosamine, nerve stimulation (20 V, 20 Hz, 2 ms) increased the leakage of LDH and AST about 3-fold over the basal level accompanied by the decrease in flow rate, whereas with control livers the leakage of LDH and AST into the effluent was almost undetectable throughout the perfusion. The rapid increase in the leakage of LDH and AST was observed during nerve stimulation even under conditions where perfusion flow was maintained constant. Such effects of hepatic nerve stimulation on galactosamine-treated livers were mimicked well by infusion of noradrenaline or phenylephrine, and inhibited by the alpha1-antagonist bunazosin. Artificial reduction of perfusion flow alone did not induce the rapid leakage of LDH and AST into the effluent. On the other hand, low concentration (10 nmol/L) of noradrenaline only minimally decreased the flow rate but apparently augmented liver cell damage. The acute liver damage augmented by noradrenaline was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that in the liver, already having been injured slightly, the activation of hepatic sympathetic nerves and circulating catecholamines exaggerates acute liver damage through an action on liver cells, which depends on the influx of extracellular Ca2+.
Torsion of an Undescended Testis Not Detected on Testicular Imaging
Authors: VIKRAM S. DRAVID, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 13-year-old boy with cryptorchidism was admitted with a 24-hour history of vomiting, fever, right inguinal mass, and an elevated white count. Ultrasound and scintigraphic findings suggested an inflammatory process. He did not respond to antibiotic therapy, and surgical exploration revealed a torted right testicle. Pathologic examination reported hemorrhagic infarction of the testis.
Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Concentrations in Relation to Birth Outcomes in the Mid-Ohio Valley, 2005–2010
Authors: Lyndsey A. Darrow, Cheryl R. Stein, Kyle Steenland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.We conducted a population-based study of PFOA and PFOS and birth outcomes from 2005 through 2010 in a Mid-Ohio Valley community exposed to high levels of PFOA through drinking-water contamination.Women provided serum for PFOA and PFOS measurement in 2005-2006 and reported reproductive histories in subsequent follow-up interviews. Reported singleton live births among 1,330 women after 1 January 2005 were linked to birth records (n = 1,630) to identify the outcomes of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation), pregnancy-induced hypertension, low birth weight (< 2,500 g), and birth weight (grams) among full-term infants.We observed little or no evidence of association between maternal serum PFOA or PFOS and preterm birth (n = 158) or low birth weight (n = 88). Serum PFOA and PFOS were both positively associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 106), with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per log unit increase in PFOA and PFOS of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.55) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.04), respectively, but associations did not increase monotonically when categorized by quintiles. Results of subanalyses restricted to pregnancies conceived after blood collection were consistent with the main analyses. There was suggestion of a modest negative association between PFOS and birth weight in full-term infants (-29 g per log unit increase; 95% CI: -66, 7), which became stronger when restricted to births conceived after the blood sample collection (-49 g per log unit increase; 95% CI: -90, -8).Results provide some evidence of positive associations between measured serum perfluorinated compounds and pregnancy-induced hypertension and a negative association between PFOS and birth weight among full-term infants.
When we leave hospital: a patient's perspective of burn injury
Authors: Amy Acton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

ABC of burns When we leave hospital: a patient's perspective of burn injury Amy ActonAt the age of 18, I thought I had the best summer job possible, working outside at the local marina, with the prospect of going to college in a few months to become a nurse.In an instant everything changed.While moving a boat on a trailer, a group of us sustained electrical injuries when the mast hit a high tension power line.I found myself fighting for my life in a burns centre and mourning the loss of a friend.The physical healing was gruelling and at times overwhelming for me and my family, and the medical team was a great support for me.However, this article focuses on the problems I faced once I left the hospital, two and a half months later, because that was toughest part of my journey.My comments are both personal and from the perspective of having been a burn nurse for over 13 years.It is a shared story of healing the emotional scars of burn injuries because I have learnt so much from others.One such person is Barbara Kammerer Quayle, a fellow burn survivor and colleague I met after I became a burn nurse.She taught me how healthcare professionals could make a difference for survivors struggling to regain a place in their family and society.Many of the strategies I discuss are her life's work and are used with her permission.For some burn survivors these strategies are natural responses, but for others they have to be learnt and practised.
Expandable metal stents for non-malignant bronchial obstruction.
Authors: R. A. Fox, R. De L Stanbridge, J. Brown, J. F. Riordan, R. M. Rudd
Journal: Thorax (1996)

An expandable metal stent was inserted to relieve bronchial obstruction following lobectomy for localised squamous carcinoma which had not been relieved by bronchoplasty with a Goretex flap. This resulted in substantial improvement in lung function and exercise tolerance for nine months, following which severe inflammation around the stents required residual pneumonectomy.
Responses of local research ethics committees to a study with approval from a multicentre research ethics committee
Authors: A. L Lux
Journal: BMJ (2000)

culties rather than the substance of ethical review itself. 6 The multicentre research ethics committee system was set up to deal with such procedural difficulties.Improvements in the system have occurred.However, local research ethics committees have been reluctant to abandon their autonomy sufficiently to allow efficient functioning of this system, and this has been identified as a potential reason for continuing concerns about the new system. 7Whereas administrators of local research ethics committees face significant problems in trying to achieve turnaround targets that may be unrealistic without important new resource input, substantial frustrations remain for researchers working within a system that at times presents an unethical barrier to potentially beneficial research.
Tc-99m HMPAO to Demonstrate Diffuse Cortical Necrosis in Vivo
Authors: ALEXANDER J. B. McEWAN, FRANK I. JACKSON, ZOLLY CATZ, RONALD P. SCHMIDT, H. RICHARD HOOPER, JOHN J. D. MATTJEWS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) is a novel radiopharmaceutical demonstrated to be a sensitive indicator of abnormalities of cerebral perfusion. Most reports in the literature have evaluated patients with gross perfusion deficits, such as cerebrovascular accidents, and with dementia, where patterns of diffuse perfusion deficit were reported comparable with those seen in PET studies. We report a patient in whom there was the rapid onset of dementia, with the HMPAO images demonstrating diffuse loss of cortical perfusion in a nonfocal, and nonsegmental, fashion. Correlation with postmortem examination demonstrates good concordance between the diffuse nature of HMPAO loss, and diffuse cortical necrosis throughout both cerebral hemispheres. The technique was shown to be more sensitive than transmission CT scanning in demonstrating the extent of the deficit, and it correlated closely with the functional deficits noted in the patient.
Increased incidence of Chlamydiaspecies within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Joseph B. Muhlestein, Elizabeth H. Hammond, John F. Carlquist, Ellen Radicke, Matthew J. Thomson, Labros A. Karagounis, Marion L. Woods, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
IMPROVED DETECTION OF ISCHEMIC BUT VIABLE MYOCARDIUM USING Tl-201 SPECT WITH NITROGLYCERIN (NTG) AND REINJECTION (RI): A COMPARISON WITH ONLY REINJECTION
Authors: Z X He, J Darcourt, A Guignier, E Ferrari, F Bussiere, Ph Morand, I Mena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

He, Z. X.*; Darcourt, J.*; Guignier, A.**; Ferrari, E.**; Bussiere, F.*; Morand, Ph.**; Mena, I.*** Author Information
Borderline hypertension: relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating catecholamines.
Authors: F H Messerli, E D Frohlich, D H Suarez, E Reisin, G R Dreslinski, F G Dunn, F E Cole
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The relationships between age, systemic and renal hemodynamics, circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) and intravascular volumes were studied in 38 normotensive subjects and in 77 patients with borderline essential hypertension. Borderline hypertensive patients had a higher cardiac index (p less than 0.02) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) than normotensive subjects if they were younger than 30 years of age, whereas in older patients no difference was observed. In contrast, total peripheral resistance was normal in young borderline hypertensive patients, but significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in patients older than age 40 years. Cardiac output (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) correlated inversely with age in the entire population and in both subgroups. Cardiac output also correlated closely with renal blood flow in all subjects (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Circulating norepinephrine levels increased with age (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05), whereas epinephrine concentration tended to decrease. Plasma and total blood volume correlated directly with cardiac output (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that the hyperdynamic circulation (high cardiac output and renal blood flow) of borderline hypertension is found predominantly in patients younger than age 30 years. Older patients are characterized by an elevated total peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The age-dependent increase in circulating norepinephrine and decrease in epinephrine levels may participate in the shift of the hemodynamic profile from high-cardiac-output hypertension in the young to a high-arteriolar-resistance hypertension in the older patient.
Allergic Reactions To the Tine Test
Authors: Richard C. Froede
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While local allergic reactions to the tine test have been reported, there are, to the best of our knowledge, no reports of systemic allergic reactions after administration of this test. Anaphylactic reactions to intradermal injections can occur. Bee stings and scratch tests for penicillin sensitivity have caused anaphylaxis and death. We encountered a case that apparently involved an anaphylactic death resulting from the tine test. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 19-year-old youth, apparently in good health from birth, was being processed with a group of newly arrived recruits at a military camp for basic training. A minute or two after receiving the tine test, the recruit suddenly collapsed while waiting in line for a venipuncture. His respiration was slow and gasping. Artificial respiration was begun and an oral airway inserted. No pulse was obtained, and external cardiac massage was begun. The recruit was taken to the base
Allelism and linkage studies of murine leukemia virus activation genes in low leukemic strains of mice.
Authors: J McCubrey, R Risser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Previously, we identified two genes, termed Inc-1 and Inb-1, that interact to enhance ecotropic murine leukemia virus induction in low virus strains of mice. Mice related to BALB/c in origin carry a locus termed Inc-1, whereas mice related to B6 carry an Inb-1 locus. Mice that carry both Inc-1 and Inb-1 yield 10- to 50-fold more virus-producing cells than parental strains on induction with halogenated pyrimidines in vitro and demonstrate enhanced murine leukemia virus production in vivo. Here, we show that mice related to BALB/c in origin, i.e., A, C3H/He, and SEC, have an Inc-1 locus that is allelic with that of BALB/c. The C57BR mouse strain has an Inb-1 locus that is allelic with that of B6, located on chromosome 8, 30 cM from Es-1. We also show that the Inc-1 locus of BALB/c mice is located on chromosome 5, 24 cM from Pgm-1 and 43 cM from Gus. Kozak and Rowe (6,8) and Ihle and co-workers (3) have shown that the ecotropic virus-inducing genes in BALB/c and B10 mice are located on chromosomes 5 and 8, respectively, with similar distances from the previously mentioned biochemical markers. Our data are consistent with two possibilities: Inc-1 and Inb-1 are part of the virus-inducing genes Cv-1 and Bv-1, respectively , or Inc-1 and Inb2-1 are tightly linked regulatory genes.
The search for the ultimate screening test for hepatocellular carcinoma continues Sato Y, Nakata K, Kato Y, Shima M, Ishii N, Koji T, Taketa K, Endo Y, Nagataki S. Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1802–1806
Authors: A Reid
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Functional interactions between PI3-kinase and NF- B signaling pathways promote joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. M. Hartkamp, A. M. Grabiec, J. Ludikhuize, I. E. van Es, M. E. Sanders, P. P. Tak, K. A. Reedquist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium is characterised by hyperplasia of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which display properties of transformed cells. Regulation of proto-oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) signaling by components of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway has emerged as a candidate molecular mechanism linking inflammation to cancer. Conversely, activation of PI3-K pathways in genetically engineered mice, via reducing expression of PTEN or FoxO transcription factors or transgenically expressing constitutively active PKB, can drive NF-κB-mediated autoimmunity. Here we examined potential functional relationships between PI3-K and NF-κB signaling in RA FLS and synovial tissue. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Expression and/or phosphorylation of IKKβ, IkBα, PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3-kinase, PKB and FoxO1, downstream targets of PI3-kinase, was detected by immunohistochemistry combined with digital image analysis in synovial tissue from 15 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve RA patients. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, and x-rays made of hands and feet at baseline and at 2 years follow-up. At 2 years, patients were classified as having non-erosive or erosive disease (Sharp van der Heijde score &gt; 2). Effects of the pan-PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 and inhibitors specific for α/β, γ and λ isoforms of PI3-K on RA FLS IL-1β-induced IkBα phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 activation were assessed by immunoblotting and ELISA, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> In vivo we observed a strong correlation between expression of IKKβ and phosphorylation of IκBα (r = 0.83, p &lt; 0.005) in RA synovial tissue, but IKKβ did not downregulate PTEN or FoxO protein expression, as predicted by tumour models. Instead, we observed a strong positive correlation between PKB activation, phosphorylation of FoxO1 (r = 0.90, p &lt; 0.0001) and activation of NF-κB signalling (r = 0.56, p &lt; 0.05), and NF-κB signaling was elevated in patients with accelerated progressive disease (p &lt; 0.05). In vitro, sustained phosphorylation of IkBα and activation of NF-κB in RA FLS by IL-1β stimulation required PI3-K activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our studies provide evidence that PI3-K signaling pathways may contribute to joint destruction in RA through enhancement of NF-κB-dependent gene transcription and that PI3-kinase inhibitors may be effective in preventing disease progression.
Interactions between respiratory tract infections and atopy in the aetiology of asthma
Authors: P.G. Holt, P.D. Sly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The prevalence of asthma, in particular atopic asthma, has markedly increased in recent years. Accumulating evidence suggests that environmental factors associated with allergic sensitization and exposure to microbial stimuli during infancy and early childhood, are associated with these changes in prevalence. However, considerable controversy surrounds the role of microbial agents, as evidence has been presented for both positive and negative effects in this context. The review below focuses upon interactions between immune competence during infancy, the development of T‐helper (Th)1-polarized versus Th2-polarized memory against inhalant allergens, and susceptibility to virus infection. In particular, recent finding are highlighted which suggest that delayed postnatal maturation of Th1 function is associated with increased risk for early postnatal sensitization to inhalant allergens, and also with risk for viral bronchiolitis during infancy. Variations in the kinetics of postnatal maturation of T‐helper 1 function may in part be attributable to polymorphisms in the CD14 gene, which influence host responsiveness both to bacterial as well as viral stimuli.
Localization of the action of cholera toxin on adenyl cyclase in mucosal epithelial cells of rabbit intestine
Authors: David K. Parkinson, Hans Ebel, Donald R. DiBona, Geoffrey W. G. Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Brush borders and plasma membranes have been purified from mucosal epithelial cells of rabbit ileum under control conditions and after treatment for 3 hr with cholera toxin in vivo. The activity of several enzymes in these preparations was measured. It was concluded that adenyl cyclase, like NaK-ATPase, seems not to be a normal constituent of brush borders. Both these enzymes are present in plasma membrane preparations derived largely from the basal and lateral margins of the epithelial cells, both may be phospholipid dependent enzymes and both are affected by cholera toxin. Adenyl cyclase activity is increased while NaK-ATPase is decreased. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucineaminopeptidase, 5′-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and Mg-ATPase were not found to be affected by the toxin. Cholera toxin, which makes contact with the luminal side of the epithelial cells, in the natural disease and in the experimental model, would appear to exert its pathologic effect on adenyl cyclase at the opposite (basal and lateral) side of the cells.
The Breadth of Hopes
Authors: Chris Feudtner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Hoping is a fundamental human activity. As a pediatrician who cares for children with life-threatening, complex chronic conditions, I hear the word "hope" on a daily basis: "I hope we can come up with the definitive diagnosis"; "I hope the treatment makes the disease go away"; "I hope we can relieve his pain"; "I hope we can go home today." Indeed, the word is uttered so frequently in clinical medicine that the underlying phenomenon is widely presumed to be well understood, a shared point of reference. Our understanding of hope, however, is not based on much empirical evidence about how . . .
In vitro comparison and evaluation of seven gastric closure modalities for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
Authors: R. Voermans, A. Worm, M. van Berge Henegouwen, P. Breedveld, W. Bemelman, P. Fockens
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. P. Voermans et al., pp. 595Endoscopy 2008; 40(07): 710-710DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306855
An experience that shaped my career: My first diagnosis
Authors: J. Horsfall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following An experience that shaped my career: My first diagnosis Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Value of Tomographic Thallium-201 Imaging in Patients with Chest Pain Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: MARK R. STARLING, RICHARD A. WALSH, GREGORY J. DEHMER, JOHN C. LASHER, RALPH BLUMHARDT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

To determine whether thallium-201 washout profile analysis can detect regional myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery bypass graft occlusion or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries, 19 consecutive patients with chest pain following bypass grafting were evaluated with coronary arteriography and thallium-201 scintigraphy. Twenty of the 55 coronary artery regions were perfused by an occluded bypass graft or a significantly stenosed (≥70% diameter narrowing) nonbypassed coronary artery, while 35 coronary regions were perfused by patent bypass grafts or insignificantly diseased coronary arteries. The tomographic thallium-201 washout profile results correlated with the bypass graft and coronary arteriographic findings (k = 0.67, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of tomographic thallium-201 washout profile abnormalities for arteriographic abnormalities was 75%, while the specificity was 86%. The authors conclude that tomographic thallium-201 washout profile analysis may be very useful in the evaluation of patients with chest pain following coronary artery bypass grafting by detecting regional myocardial ischemia caused by occlusion of specific bypass grafts or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries.