tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Family Health History
Authors: Brandon M. Welch, Willard Dere, Joshua D. Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFECT OF REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF ANESTHETICS ON BLOOD CATALASE
Authors: W. E. BURGE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

We had already found that anesthetics produce a decrease in catalase, an enzyme possessing the property of liberating oxygen from hydrogen peroxid, and accordingly suggested that this decrease in catalase with resulting diminution in oxidation might be responsible for anesthesia. It was also found that a strong anesthetic, such as chloroform, produced a much greater decrease in catalase than a weaker anesthetic, such as ether, and that a rapidly acting anesthetic, such as nitrous oxid, decreased catalase more rapidly than a more slowly acting one. The object of the present investigation was to determine the effect of repeated administrations of anesthetics on the blood catalase. The animals used were rabbits, and the anesthetics chloroform and ether. Catalase determinations were made by adding 1 c.c. of the rabbit's blood, diluted 1: 3 with 0.9 per cent. sodium chlorid, to neutral hydrogen peroxid, and the amount of oxygen liberated in ten minutes
Clonal competition with alternating dominance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Jonathan J. Keats, Marta Chesi, Jan B. Egan, Victoria M. Garbitt, Stephen E. Palmer, Esteban Braggio, Scott Van Wier, Patrick R. Blackburn, Angela S. Baker, Angela Dispenzieri, Shaji Kumar, S. Vincent Rajkumar, John D. Carpten, Michael Barrett, Rafael Fonseca, A. Keith Stewart, P. Leif Bergsagel
Journal: Blood (2012)
International Prevalence of Indoor Tanning
Authors: Mackenzie R. Wehner, Mary-Margaret Chren, Danielle Nameth, Aditi Choudhry, Matthew Gaskins, Kevin T. Nead, W. John Boscardin, Eleni Linos
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Indoor tanning is a known carcinogen, but the scope of exposure to this hazard is not known.To summarize the international prevalence of exposure to indoor tanning.Studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed (1966 to present), Scopus (1823 to present), and Web of Science (1898 to present) databases, last performed on March 16, 2013. We also hand searched reference lists to identify records missed by database searches and publicly available data not yet published in the scientific literature.Records reporting a prevalence of indoor tanning were eligible for inclusion. We excluded case-control studies, reports with insufficient study information, and reports of groups recruited using factors related to indoor tanning. Two independent investigators performed searches and study selection. Our search yielded 1976 unique records. After exclusions, 161 records were assessed for eligibility in full text, and 88 were included.Two independent investigators extracted data on characteristics of study participants, inclusion/exclusion criteria, data collection format, outcomes, and statistical methods. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to summarize the prevalence of indoor tanning in different age categories. We calculated the population proportional attributable risk of indoor tanning in the United States, Europe, and Australia for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma.Ever and past-year exposure to indoor tanning.The summary prevalence of ever exposure was 35.7% (95% CI, 27.5%-44.0%) for adults, 55.0% (33.0%-77.1%) for university students, and 19.3% (14.7%-24.0%) for adolescents. The summary prevalence of past-year exposure was 14.0% (95% CI, 11.5%-16.5%) for adults, 43.1% (21.7%-64.5%) for university students, and 18.3% (12.6%-24.0%) for adolescents. These results included data from 406 696 participants. The population proportional attributable risk were 3.0% to 21.8% for NMSC and 2.6% to 9.4% for melanoma, corresponding to more than 450 000 NMSC cases and more than 10 000 melanoma cases each year attributable to indoor tanning in the United States, Europe, and Australia.Exposure to indoor tanning is common in Western countries, especially among young persons. Given the large number of skin cancer cases attributable to indoor tanning, these findings highlight a major public health issue.
Asthma mortality: comparison between New Zealand and England.
Authors: I W Grant
Journal: BMJ (1987)

75 Deaths in asthmatics prescribed home nebulisers SIR,-Like Dr M R Sears and coworkers (21 February, p 477),-.we are concerned about the possible toxicity of high doses of bronchodilators delivered by nebulisers in patients with asthma who are also hypoxic and may be hypokalaemic.We studied 10 patients with asthma, mean age
Combination Therapy with Rofecoxib and Finasteride in the Treatment of Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Authors: F DISILVERIO, C BOSMAN, M SALVATORI, L ALBANESI, L PROIETTIPANNUNZI, M CICCARIELLO, A CARDI, G SALVATORI, A SCIARRA
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Implementing evidence based medicine in general practice: audit and qualitative study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Alistair Howitt, David Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Objective: To determine the extent to which implementation of an evidence based treatment, antithrombotic treatment in atrial fibrillation, is possible in general practice. Design: Audit and qualitative study of patients with atrial fibrillation and an educational intervention for patients judged eligible for antithrombotic treatment. Setting: South east England. Subjects: 56 patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. Interventions: Assessment and interview to ascertain patients' views on antithrombotic treatment. Main outcome measures: Number of patients receiving antithrombotic treatment. Results: Out of 13 239 patients, 132 had a history of atrial fibrillation of which 100 were at risk of thromboembolism. After the study, 52 patients were taking warfarin. Of the remaining 48 patients (of whom 41 were taking aspirin), eight were too ill to participate, 16 were unable to consent, four refused the interview, and 20 declined warfarin. Patients declining warfarin were inclined to seek a higher level of benefit than those taking it, as measured by the minimal clinically important difference. Qualitative data obtained during the interviews suggested that patients' health beliefs were important factors in determining their choice of treatment. Conclusion: Patients' unwillingness to take warfarin seemed to be a major factor in limiting the number who would eventually take it.
Persistence of divergent views of hospital staff in detecting and managing hypertension.
Authors: S Manek, J Rutherford, S H Jackson, P Turner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A questionnaire concerning views of hospital clinical staff was completed by 408 out of 542 staff (75%), comprising 214 medical staff of all clinical specialties, 106 first year clinical medical students, and 88 third year student nurses. On average 386 of 407 (95%) thought that blood pressure should be measured routinely in all inpatients but only 294 of 404 (73%) thought that this was appropriate for outpatients. Although 251 of 390 (64%) were taught to use the muffling of sounds (phase IV) as the diastolic blood pressure, only 219 of 406 (54%) actually used this phase alone. There were appreciable differences between the grades of staff in this respect, a small majority of most grades using phase IV. Roughly half (50 out of 102) of the medical student respondents were taught to use phase IV, but only 38 of 106 (36%) were actually using this phase. While only three out of 16 general practitioners were using phase IV diastolic blood pressure alone, the figure was 66 out of 88 (75%) for student nurses. The level of diastolic blood pressure at which clinicians would begin to treat a 50 year old asymptomatic man ranged from 90 to 121 mm Hg. When these figures were corrected to phase V values, assuming a 5 mm Hg difference between phases IV and V, the range was 85 to 116 mm Hg. Despite the general agreement among physicians interested in hypertension that the disappearance of sounds (phase V) should be used to denote diastolic blood pressure there is still considerable divergence of opinion among hospital medical staff.
Folic-acid deficiency in elderly patients admitted to hospital.
Authors: A. D. Hurdle, T. C. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Iron Metabolism in Tuberculosis-Roberts et al. beng similar to the abnormalities produced by isoniazid in the marrows of experimental animals and in human subjects reeiving isoniazid therapy.The exact cause of the change is unknown, but it has been attributed to disturbance of pyridoxine metabolism.The incidence of the abnormality in the present series might have been higher had iron deficiency, which was common in the group as a whole, been corrected before the bone-marrow examinations were made. SummaryTwo groups of tuberculous patients, 50 treated and 18 untreated, were investigated for abnormalities of folate and iron metabolism.In 30% of the 68 patients the marrows showed obvious megaloblastic changes.Hypersegmented poly- morphs were seen in about one-third of the peripheral blood films, and serum folate levels below the lower limit of a control series were found in 35% of the patients.Figlu tests were positive in 47%, and red-cell folate levels were subnormal in 33% of the small unselected proportion of the patients tested.Folate deficiency was equally common among the treated and untreated patients, and its incidence bore no relation to the clinical extent of the disease or to the length or type of chemotheraPY.Excess stainable iron was present in the erythroblasts of 19 (30%) of the 63 patients whose marrows were suitable for assessment.The iron granules were coarser than normal, were increased in number, and were often perinuclear in distribution.One patient showed obvious ring sideroblastic change.Increase in marrow iron was confined to patients receiving chemotherapy, and was particularly common in patients treated with isoniazid and P.A.S. for longer than six months, occurring in 16 (57%) of these 28 patients.Some of these patients also had raised serum iron levels and increased saturation of the iron-binding capacities.We wish to thank Dr.
Corticosteroids and alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Timothy Hofer, Laurence McMahon
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether corticosteroids affect short-term mortality from alcoholic hepatitis. A metanalysis was conducted using studies identified through a MEDLINE computer search from 1966 to 1989 and extensive manual searches of associated bibliographies. Eleven randomized studies that assessed mortality in hospitalized patients diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis and treated with corticosteroids were evaluated. Overall, the protective efficacy of corticosteroids was 37% (95% confidence interval 20% to 50%). Protective efficacy was higher among those trials with higher quality scores and in trials that excluded subjects with active gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, protective efficacy was 34% overall (confidence interval 15% to 48%). In subjects without hepatic encephalopathy, corticosteroids were not believed to have a protective effect; this lack of efficacy was noted across all trial subgroups. Results of the metanalysis suggest that corticosteroids reduce shortterm mortality in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis who have hepatic encephalopathy. The protective effect is dependent on exclusion of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
fMRI of Response to Nicotine During a Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Task in Schizophrenia
Authors: Jason R. Tregellas, Jody L. Tanabe, Laura F. Martin, Robert Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Nicotine temporarily normalizes smooth pursuit eye movement deficits in schizophrenia. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine changes in brain hemodynamic response associated with nicotine administration during a smooth pursuit eye movement task in subjects with schizophrenia.Nine subjects with schizophrenia performed the eye movement task while undergoing fMRI. Subjects then were given nicotine or placebo and repeated the task while being scanned. Subjects repeated the procedure the following week, receiving the counterbalanced condition.Compared with placebo, nicotine was associated with greater activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, precuneus, and area MT/MST and less activity in the hippocampus and parietal eye fields.Changes in area MT/MST and the cingulate gyrus are consistent with an improvement in perception and attention to moving stimuli. The most important observed difference between nicotine and placebo--less activation of the hippocampus after nicotine than after placebo administration--is consistent with nicotinic receptor mediation of inhibitory neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
High levels and inflammatory effects of soluble CXC ligand 16 (CXCL16) in coronary artery disease: down-regulatory effects of statins
Authors: C. Smith, B. Halvorsen, K. Otterdal, T. Waehre, A. Yndestad, B. Fevang, W. J. Sandberg, U. M. Breland, S. S. Froland, E. Oie, L. Gullestad, J. K. Damas, P. Aukrust
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

CXC ligand 16 (CXCL16) may be involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, and we hypothesized a role for this chemokine in coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed clinical studies in CAD patients as well as experimental studies in cells with relevance to atherogenesis [i.e. endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)]. We also examined the ability of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) to modulate CXCL16 levels both in vivo and in vitro. Our main findings were: (i) patients with stable (n = 40) and unstable (n = 40) angina had elevated plasma levels of CXCL16 compared with controls (n = 20); (ii) low-dose simvastatin (20 mg qd, n = 15) and high-dose atorvastatin (80 mg qd, n = 9) down-regulated plasma levels of CXCL16 during 6 months of therapy; (iii) in vitro, atorvastatin significantly decreased the interleukin (IL)-1β-mediated release of CXCL16 from PBMC and endothelial cells; (iv) attenuating effect of atorvastatin on the IL-1β-mediated release of CXCL16 in PBMC seems to involve post-transcriptional modulation as well as down-regulation of CXCL16 release through inhibition of the protease a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10); (v) soluble CXCL16 increased the release of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant peptide 1, and matrix metalloproteinases in vascular SMC and increased the release of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant peptide 1 in PBMC, with particularly enhancing effects in cells from CAD patients. Our findings suggest that soluble CXCL16 could be linked to atherogenesis not only as a marker of inflammation, but also as a potential inflammatory mediator.
Are Surrogate Markers Adequate to Assess Cardiovascular Disease Drugs?
Authors: Robert Temple
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Prospective Randomised Trial Comparing the Modified HM3 with the MODULITH® SLX-F2 Lithotripter
Authors: Pascal Zehnder, Beat Roth, Frédéric Birkhäuser, Silvia Schneider, Rolf Schmutz, George N. Thalmann, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Evaluation of Scrotal Edema in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis A Case Report
Authors: LAWRENCE M. DUBIN, J W FROELICH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 50-year-old man placed on peritoneal dialysis for end stage renal disease developed unilateral (left) scrotal edema following infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneum. The left side of the scrotum and left inguinal canal were surgically explored and a left hydrocele was removed. Following surgery, the patient again demonstrated left scrotal edema during peritoneal dialysis. Tc-99m MAA (5.0 mCi, 185 mBq) was injected into a 2-liter bag of dialysis fluid, which was subsequently infused into the peritoneum. The communication between the peritoneal cavity and the left inguinal canal was demonstrated.
Prostaglandin E inhibition of T-lymphocyte colony formation: a possible mechanism of monocyte modulation of clonal expansion.
Authors: R S Bockman, M Rothschild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Prostaglandin and monocyte modulation of a T-lymphocyte cell capable of undergoing clonal expansion was studied. Circulating human mononuclear cells were isolated by density centrifugation. After 24 h in culture with phytohemagglutinin present, the cells were mixed with 0.3% agar and overlayed onto a 0.5% agar layer that contained media and phytohemagglutinin. At day 6, colonies that contained greater than 50 cells were counted. These colonies represented clonal prolifertion of a phytohemagglutinin-responsive T-lymphocyte precursor. This responder cell accounted for less than 0.3% of the starting cell population. Colonies were comprised of cells which, when isolated, formed E rosettes. These colony cells could be shown to have helper or suppressor function as measured by their ability to promote or inhibit immunoglobulin synthesis. By these latter criteria the colony cells were considered to be mature T lymphocytes. The addition of prostaglandin E to the cultures demonstrated a linear, r = 0.82, dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation with a 50% point of inhibition (I50) = 0.18 muM. Low numbers of normal monocytes when added to the cultures mimicked the effect of synthetic prostaglandin E2. A highly significant correlation could be shown for endogenous prostaglandin E levels and colony counts. It appears that monocytes through their synthesis of prostaglandin E2 can restrict the clonal expansion of a circulating T-lymphocyte precursor.
An Address on Tuberculous Lesions from a Clinical Point of View: Being the Address in Surgery delivered before the Canadian Medical Association at Ottawa, September 13th, 1900
Authors: E. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1900)

GENTLEMMEN-Though the substance of the Address which I have the high honour of presenting to you may entirely fail to arouse in you any measure of satisfaction, yet I think I may, at any rate, claim your kind appre- ciation for its title.For it gives you the assurance that I am not going to ask you, even in your imagination, to pass any of this September day in that gloomy room in which Death is made to deliver up his grosser secrets; nor in that other place where, in an atmosphere of methylated spirit and oil of cloves, you are accustomed patiently to unravel the tangled threads of morbid tissues.My remarks will deal with tuber- culous lesions as the Surgeon meets them day by day in hos- pital-ward and operating-theatre, and in private practice.And if I shall find occasion to ask you to go beyond these spheres, it will be to take you to some of those beautifully placed con- valescent institutions in which, when full of gratitude for having triumphed over the distress of chronic disease, or the risks which are inseparable from its operative treatment, the tuberculous patient spends possibly the very happiest weeks. of his life.It is, I make bold to say, a good and wholesome thing for a surgeon now and then to get away from pathologists and mor- bid histologists-to play truant, as it were, from his unbend- ing schoolmasters.In recent years there has been a little too much inclination to apotheosise the morbid-anatomist.His brow has been decked even with roses, and now, standing high in his suit of sable, he looks upon the clinical surgeon as if his chief duty were to supply him with material.In the title of my Address are the words " from a clinical pointof view," and desiring to emphasise the fact.that the
Physicians' Practices in Screening for the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy and the Use of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels
Authors: Karen L Miller, Irl B Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To compare outpatient screening of diabetic patients for nephropathy and measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) levels to published American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We reviewed charts from 157 diabetic patients followed for 27 months at the University of Washington's primary care clinics. The number of screening urinalyses, 24-h urine measurements, and GHb measurements were obtained. From these values, the frequency of screening tests, normalized by patient-year, could be compared with the ADA guidelines. RESULTS Forty-two percent of the patients received at least one urinalysis, and 5% had 24-h urine measurements. There were 0.48 urinalyses and 0.05 24-h urine measurements per patient-year. Of 14 type I diabetes patients, 5 had a urinalysis and 1 received a 24-h urine measurement. At least one GHb was measured for 85% of patients, and there were 1.66 GHb measurements per patient-year. Only 29% of patients received GHb concentrations as recommended by ADA guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients at this institution are not screened for nephropathy and do not receive GHb measurements according to the ADA guidelines. Because of recent advancements in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), further efforts are needed for educating primary care physicians about standards of care of patients with diabetes.