tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional maturation of membrane potential changes and superoxide-producing capacity during differentiation of human granulocytes.
Authors: S Kitagawa, M Ohta, H Nojiri, K Kakinuma, M Saito, F Takaku, Y Miura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The alterations of stimulus-induced membrane potential changes, superoxide (O2-)-producing capacity and phagocytic activity during differentiation of human granulocytes were investigated in the human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and KG-1 differentiating in vitro and in human leukemic granulocytes obtained from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. HL-60 cells incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide or with retinoic acid showed progressively increasing O2- production as well as membrane potential changes (depolarization) on contact with phorbol myristate acetate or the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, with a concomitant increase in the proportion of mature cells of the granulocytic type. Phagocytosis of latex particles, yeast, and oil droplets appeared 24 h after incubation with dimethyl sulfoxide and anteceded the increment of O2- production and membrane potential changes, both of which appeared concomitantly 3 d after incubation with dimethyl sulfoxide. Similar findings were observed when immature and mature granulocytes obtained from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients were stimulated by phorbol ester, the chemotactic peptide, or calcium ionophore A23187, and the amount of O2- production was parallel to the magnitude of membrane potential changes. HL-60 and KG-1 cells incubated for 1-6 d with phorbol myristate acetate showed neither O2- production nor membrane potential changes on contact with phorbol ester, chemotactic peptide, or A23187, although such cells resembled macrophages morphologically, and their phagocytic activity was significantly increased. O2- production and membrane potential changes in normal granulocytes induced by phorbol ester, chemotactic peptide and A23187 were inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose. These findings indicate that the O2--producing system and the system provoking membrane potential changes may develop concomitantly as human granulocytes mature and differentiate, and that the development of these systems and of phagocytic activity may be independently regulated.
Abstract A46: A new transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer that displays rapid progression from prostate intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma.
Authors: Glen Bjerke, Chun-Song Yang, Henry Frierson, Bryce Paschal, David Wotton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Understanding the molecular, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms that underpin prostate cancer progression will reveal new opportunities for targeted therapies. Our NCI-supported Program Project on “Signaling and Progression in Prostate Cancer” is a team of basic and clinician scientists that share the overall goal of defining how prostate cancer cells subvert signal transduction pathways during progression to androgen independence. Projects and cores within our program are developing new model systems intended to recapitulate human disease progression. Core B in the program (Transgenic Models and Animal Imaging) has developed a new transgenic mouse model by combining mutant alleles of genes known to have important roles in human prostate cancer. The model is based on the phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) tumor suppressor, which is mutated in approximately 30% of primary prostate cancers. Prostate-specific deletion of Pten in mice has been shown by multiple groups to cause prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), which slowly progresses to invasive cancer. This suggests that Pten loss allows the initiation of cancer, but that progression is subject to restraint mechanisms. We hypothesized that a restraint mechanism might depend on signaling via the TGFβ pathway, owing to the prominent role that TGFβ plays in growth control. We show that conditional deletion of Pten and Tgfbr2, the type II receptor for TGFβ, in prostate epithelium results in large, poorly differentiated prostate tumors with 100% penetrance by 12 weeks of age. Mice with Pten and Tgfbr2 deletions acquire invasive adenocarcinoma and bladder obstruction and most die by 15 weeks of age. Androgen depletion by castration does not provide a survival benefit for these mice. Pten loss causes an increase in expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, which likely restrains progression in this setting. However, when both Pten and Tgfbr2 are deleted, p27 levels are reduced and cyclin D levels increase. Our results suggest that Tgfbr2 is an important tumor suppressor in prostate cancer and that its loss allows rapid progression when combined with loss of the Pten tumor suppressor. Disruption of the TGFβ-mediated restraint provides a rapid, penetrant, and physiologically relevant preclinical model that will be helpful for analyzing restraint- and progression-related gene expression and signal transduction changes in Pten-dependent tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Glen Bjerke, Chun-Song Yang, Henry Frierson, Bryce Paschal, David Wotton. A new transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer that displays rapid progression from prostate intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
Obesity as a Correlate of Outcome in Patients With Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Andrea Fagiolini, David J. Kupfer, Patricia R. Houck, Danielle M. Novick, Ellen Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate the relationship of obesity to demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in a group of 175 patients with bipolar I disorder who were treated for an acute affective episode and followed through a period of maintenance treatment. METHOD: Data were from participants entering the Maintenance Therapies for Bipolar Disorder protocol between 1991 and 2000. Analyses focused on differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and in treatment outcomes between obese and nonobese patients. RESULTS: A total of 35.4% of the patients met criteria for obesity. Significant differences between the obese and nonobese patients were observed for years of education, numbers of previous depressive and manic episodes, baseline scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and durations of the acute episode. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated a significantly shorter time to recurrence during the maintenance phase among obese patients. The number of patients experiencing a depressive recurrence was significantly higher in the obese than in the nonobese group. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is correlated with a poorer outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder. Preventing and treating obesity in bipolar disorder patients could decrease the morbidity and mortality related to physical illness, enhance psychological well-being, and possibly improve the course of bipolar illness. Weight-control interventions specifically designed for patients with bipolar illness should be developed, tested, and integrated into the routine care provided for these patients.
Proportion of type 2 diabetes cases resulting from impaired fetal growth.
Authors: E J Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: During the past decade, several researchers have demonstrated a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to lower birth weight. This theory, referred to as the "thrifty phenotype" hypothesis, postulates that impaired fetal growth predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities. This article examines the importance of fetal growth in the etiology of diabetes by estimating the proportion of diabetes cases associated with this exposure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The importance of an exposure or its correlate as a potential cause of a disease can be assessed by estimating the proportion of cases that could be prevented if the exposure was eliminated from a defined population. This proportion is referred to as the population-attributable fraction (PAF). Published studies of the association between diabetes and birth weight were reviewed and selected for further analysis if data were presented that enabled PAF calculation. In addition, PAFs were calculated for higher birth weight cutoffs because researchers have postulated that the lowest birth weight category may not capture all cases of fetal growth retardation. Studies have shown that exposure classified in this broader manner can produce unbiased PAF estimates, even if many subjects are falsely classified as exposed. RESULTS: PAFs for the lowest birth weight category ranged from 0.01 to 0.25. In this analysis, PAFs for diabetes did not exceed 0.35. In contrast, &amp;gt;50% of diabetes cases in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study were attributable to excess adiposity as reflected by a BMI of &amp;gt; or =26 kg/m2 (PAF &amp;gt;0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired fetal growth or its correlates account for a minority (&amp;lt;0.50) of type 2 diabetes cases.
Angiotensin antagonists with increased specificity for the renal vasculature.
Authors: K J Taub, W J Caldicott, N K Hollenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

This study was designed to ascertain whether renal vascular angiotensin receptors differ from other systemic angiotensin receptors and whether, on that basis, antagonists with greater specificity for the renal vasculature can be defined. Femoral and renal blood flow and their responses to angiotensin II (AII) and its heptapeptide analogue, 1-des Asp AII (AIII), were measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter in 26 dogs. For the kidney, the threshold doses of AII and AIII were identical (2.5+/-0.27 vs. 2.3+/-0.35 pmol/100 ml renal blood flow, with similar dose-response curves. In contrast, AII had a greater pressor effect (P less than 0.001) and produced more femoral vasoconstriction (P less than 0.001) than AIII. All four antagonists studied (1-Sar, 8-Ala AII [P113]; 8-Ala AII; 1-des Asp, 8-Ala AII; 1-des Asp, 8-Ile AII) induced parallel shifts in the renal blood flow response to AII and AIII. P113 induced greater blockade than 8-Ala AII (P less than 0.001) which, in turn, was more effective than 1-des Asp, 8-Ala AII (P less than 0.001). 1-des Asp, 8-Ile AII was as effective as P113. Each analogue induced an identical inhibition of the renal vascular response to AII and AIII. In addition, AII and AIII induced cross-tachyphylaxis. All lines of evidence suggested that AII and AIII act on a single receptor in the kidney, which differs at least functionally from other systemic vascular receptors. The possibility that heptapeptide analogues represent angiotensin antagonists with greater specificity for the renal vasculature was pursued in a model in which the renin-angiotensin system is activated. Acute, partial thoracic inferior vena caval occlusion was induced in an additional 16 dogs. P113 induced progressive, dose-related hypotension and a limited increase in renal blood flow in this model. The 1-des Asp, 8-Ile AII analogue, conversely, induced a consistent, larger, dose-related renal blood flow increase, with significantly less hypotension over a wide dose range. We conclude that the renal vascular receptor differs sufficiently from systemic angiotensin receptors that heptapeptide analogues of AII will be useful in exploring angiotensin's role in states characterized by disordered renal perfusion and function.
Epidemiologic Research-Reply
Authors: Henry M. Gelfand, Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Some of Dr Gullen's points are well taken. They illustrate the complexity of the concepts that we were attempting to simplify and synthesize into a visual model, and they demonstrate the difficulty of doing so in a few words. The problem is the selection of words and their differing interpretations. Let us try again. We referred to an advantage of the case-control study as making use of "already available (retrospective) data." Change that phrase to "collecting data on events (exposure factors) that have already occurred," and I believe that we and Dr Gullen would be in agreement. The essence of the retrospective approach is that it is one that selects and studies subjects who do or do not have the effect variable (ie, a disease or symptom) and that looks backward in biologic sequence to determine whether or not the cause variable (ie, an exposure) existed prior to
Nutrition in the 1980s: Constraints on Our Knowledge
Authors: Stanley M. Garn
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This 602-page book constitutes the formal content of the Sixth Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress, held in August 1980, and includes the W. O. Atwater Memorial Lecture, presented by Dr Ancel Keys. Divided into ten sections, beyond the contents of the opening (plenary) session, it covers a wide range of nutrition-related problems and prospects and touches on the disagreements on "national nutrition policies" that have been accorded considerable attention in the print and electronic media. The sections of the conference and of this book deserved mention. They include "Assessment of Food Intake and Nutritional Status"; "Nutrition in Health and Disease: Factors Affecting Nutrient Requirements"; "Overview of Nutritional Status in the Western Hemisphere"; "Effect of Diet on Immunosuppression and Disease"; "Diet and Cardiovascular Disease"; "Nutrition Intervention"; "Targeting Technology"; "Establishing National Health Priorities"; and "Obstacles to Success in Nutrition Intervention." The closing session includes a paper on "The Cost of Not Doing Medical
From the Institute of Medicine
Authors: L. M. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Protean Self: Human Resilience in an Age of Fragmentation
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Robert Jay Lifton has devoted a lifetime to research and clinical work with individuals subjected to evolving historical trends, disasters, and sustained conditions of control and terror. Partly as an outcome of his research and partly as a result of his own experiences, Dr Lifton gradually came to an understanding of "proteanism," a conceptualization of the self in the modern world. He defines it, saying, "Without quite realizing it we have been evolving a sense of self appropriate to the restlessness and flux of our time. This mode of being differs radically from that of the past, and enables us to engage in continuous exploration and personal experiment. I have named it the 'protean self' after Proteus, the Greek sea god of many forms." He maintains that the older and more familiar version of personal identity, characterized by "stability and sameness," was appropriate to an environment rooted in tradition and
State of the science on the carcinogenicity of gasoline with particular reference to cohort mortality study results.
Authors: P F Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

As a result of the content of benzene in various streams of refinery products, including gasoline, it is not surprising that over the years studies and case reports have linked gasoline exposure to lymphopoietic cancers (LPC), particularly leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM). Of three recently conducted studies of gasoline-exposed workers, one shows strong associations with leukemia and MM, a second suggests some association with leukemia and did not analyze data for MM, and the third study is not possible to evaluate because of a major problem with study design. Other diseases of particular interest in relation to gasoline exposure are kidney cancer, malignant melanoma, and heart disease. One study suggests an association with kidney cancer, but the second study did not. There appears to be no association between employment in refineries or gasoline exposure and heart disease. However, evaluation of risk of kidney cancer and heart disease is somewhat difficult because investigators did not control for cigarette smoking, even though it is related to these diseases. This is of particular concern when studying gasoline-exposed workers, who because of the explosive nature of gasoline probably smoke less than the general population used for comparison of mortality. Some studies of refinery workers and gasoline-exposed workers in particular show an excess risk of death from malignant melanoma. Whether this latter association is the result of benzene/gasoline exposure, sunlight exposure, or a combination of the two cannot be determined with the data currently available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
587 The effect of rosiglitazone on methionine and choline deficient diet model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats
Authors: V. Tahan, E. Avsar, F. Eren, D. Yavuz, E. Emekli, M. Yuksel, Z. Goren, N. Imeryuz, C. Ataizi Celikel, G. Haklar, N. Tozun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Thrombopoietin initiates demethylation-based transcription of GP6 during megakaryocyte differentiation
Authors: Sachiko Kanaji, Taisuke Kanaji, Beatrice Jacquelin, Mei Chang, Diane J. Nugent, Norio Komatsu, Masaaki Moroi, Kenji Izuhara, Thomas J. Kunicki
Journal: Blood (2005)
Elastic fibre damage induced by low-dose D-penicillamine
Authors: K.L. DALZIEL, S.M. BURGE, P.A. FRITH, T.J. RYAN, A. MOWAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

We have studied 23 patients receiving penicillamine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to determine the prevalence of penicillamine-induced elastosis. One female patient had pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like skin changes and bramble-bush elastosis without calcification in the involved skin. Penicillamine elastosis was present in the joint capsule in 62% of eight patients or 64% of II joints examined and was detected in joint capsules after as little as I year of treatment.
Reply to Jacques Hubert and Richard M. Satava's Letter to the Editor re: Nicolòmaria Buffi, Henk Van Der Poel, Giorgio Guazzoni, Alexander Mottrie, on behalf of the Junior European Association of Urology (EAU) Robotic Urology Section with the collaboration of the EAU Young Academic Urologists Robotic Section. Methods and Priorities of Robotic Surgery Training Program. Eur Urol 2014;65:1–2
Authors: Nicolòmaria Buffi, Henk Van Der Poel, Giorgio Guazzoni, Alexander Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Family complains that "love drug'"will smear their name
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A major pharmaceutical company that is set to launch a drug for erection difficulties under the brand name Cialis is locked in battle with a family of the same name that fears ridicule unless the drug is renamed.

Eli Lilly says tadalafil, trademarked in 50 countries as Cialis, will far outperform Viagra. The company states that men with persistent erectile dysfunction reported an improved ability to achieve erections up to 24 hours after taking the drug, so allowing couples to regain a more spontaneous sex life.

The drug is due to be …
Aortic Stiffness, Blood Pressure Progression, and Incident Hypertension
Authors: Bernhard M. Kaess, Jian Rong, Martin G. Larson, Naomi M. Hamburg, Joseph A. Vita, Daniel Levy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Gary F. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (2012)

I Ncreases with advancing age and is a major risk factor for age-related morbidity and mortality. 1A compliant aorta provides an important buffer for each ventricular contraction that maintains pulse pressure at low levels.Stiffening of the aortic wall and improper matching between aortic diameter and flow are associated with unfavorable alterations in pulsatile hemodynamics, including an increase in forward arterial pressure wave amplitude, which increases pulse pressure.Stiffening of the aortic wall also is associated with elevated pulse wave velocity (PWV) and premature wave reflection.The resulting increase in pulsatile hemodynamic load increases cardiac afterload, reduces diastolic coronary flow, and damages microcirculation, particularly in highflow organs such as the kidneys and brain. 1,2ross-sectional studies have shown a strong association of aortic
Induction of Profound Hypothermia for Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation Allows Intact Survival After Cardiac Arrest Resulting From Prolonged Lethal Hemorrhage and Trauma in Dogs
Authors: Xianren Wu, Tomas Drabek, Patrick M. Kochanek, Jeremy Henchir, S. William Stezoski, Jason Stezoski, Kristin Cochran, Robert Garman, Samuel A. Tisherman
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Induction of profound hypothermia for emergency preservation and resuscitation (EPR) of trauma victims who experience exsanguination cardiac arrest may allow survival from otherwise-lethal injuries. Previously, we achieved intact survival of dogs from 2 hours of EPR after rapid hemorrhage. We tested the hypothesis that EPR would achieve good outcome if prolonged hemorrhage preceded cardiac arrest. Methods and Results— Two minutes after cardiac arrest from prolonged hemorrhage and splenic transection, dogs were randomized into 3 groups (n=7 each): (1) the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group, resuscitated with conventional CPR, and the (2) EPR-I and (3) EPR-II groups, both of which received 20 L of a 2°C saline aortic flush to achieve a brain temperature of 10°C to 15°C. CPR or EPR lasted 60 minutes and was followed in all groups by a 2-hour resuscitation by cardiopulmonary bypass. Splenectomy was then performed. The CPR dogs were maintained at 38.0°C. In the EPR groups, mild hypothermia (34°C) was maintained for either 12 (EPR-I) or 36 (EPR-II) hours. Function and brain histology were evaluated 60 hours after rewarming in all dogs. Cardiac arrest occurred after 124±16 minutes of hemorrhage. In the CPR group, spontaneous circulation could not be restored without cardiopulmonary bypass; none survived. Twelve of 14 EPR dogs survived. Compared with the EPR-I group, the EPR-II group had better overall performance, final neurological deficit scores, and histological damage scores. Conclusions— EPR is superior to conventional CPR in facilitating normal recovery after cardiac arrest from trauma and prolonged hemorrhage. Prolonged mild hypothermia after EPR was critical for achieving intact neurological outcomes.