tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral leucocyte count and longitudinal decline in lung function.
Authors: M Chan-Yeung, R Abboud, A D Buncio, S Vedal
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A six year follow up study of 750 aluminium smelter workers was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between the leucocyte count at the start of the study and the rate of decline in lung function. An inverse relationship between the leucocyte count and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) was present cross sectionally irrespective of cigarette smoking habit. The initial leucocyte count was also significantly related to the mean annual decline in FEV1 in smokers (p = 0.04) but not in former smokers or those who had never smoked. These observations suggest that the leucocyte count is a factor influencing the annual decline in FEV1 in smokers.
The Conotruncus
Authors: DANIEL A. GOOR, R. DISCHE, C. WALTON LILLEHEI
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The processes which are involved in the development of the normal outflow tracts of the ventricles are the following: The ostium bulbar torsion accounts for the concordant flow between the ventricles and the proximal conuses. The leftward shift of the ostium bulbi accounts for the partial overriding of the aorta over the left ventricle. The truncal rotation accounts for the twisted relationships of the great vessels and for the definitive interrelationships of the semilunar valves. The aortic conus absorption accounts for the aorticomitral fibrous continuity. These processes are not necessarily linked to each other. In the normal, mature heart the conus is represented by the subpulmonary portion of the right ventricular outflow tract.
Spacer devices in asthma
Authors: R. BUCHDAHL
Journal: Thorax (2000)

The British guidelines on asthma management and other recent reviews have widely advocated the use of spacer devices for asthmatic patients.1-3 Spacer devices allow aerosol to be inhaled through a valved mouthpiece during a single inspiratory breath or as is often recommended for children during tidal breathing.2During the expiratory phase of a tidal breathing manoeuvre the valve closes. Although this action prevents leakage of aerosol from the spacer and ingress of moisture into the holding chamber, there is an inevitable increase in the expiratory resistance. We have measured the resistance …
Splenic Infarct Associated with Diaphragmatic Eventration: Case Report Illustrating the Non-specificity of Splenic Focal Defects
Authors: C RICHARD GOLDFARB, SALVATORE FARRUGGIA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

The authors report a scintigraph of a 76-year-old man interpreted as being of a partially herniated spleen constricted by the diaphragm. The constriction proved illusory.
Obesity and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s Esophagus: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Aaron P. Thrift, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Marilie D. Gammon, Leslie Bernstein, Brian J. Reid, Lynn Onstad, Harvey A. Risch, Geoffrey Liu, Nigel C. Bird, Anna H. Wu, Douglas A. Corley, Yvonne Romero, Stephen J. Chanock, Wong-Ho Chow, Alan G. Casson, David M. Levine, Rui Zhang, Weronica E. Ek, Stuart MacGregor, Weimin Ye, Laura J. Hardie, Thomas L. Vaughan, David C. Whiteman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Data from observational studies suggest that body mass index (BMI) is causally related to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, the relationships may be affected by bias and confounding. We used data from the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Genetic Susceptibility Study: 999 patients with EAC, 2061 patients with BE, and 2169 population controls. We applied the two-stage control function instrumental variable method of the Mendelian randomization approach to estimate the unbiased, unconfounded effect of BMI on risk of EAC and BE. This was performed using a genetic risk score, derived from 29 genetic variants shown to be associated with BMI, as an instrument for lifetime BMI. A higher score indicates propensity to obesity. All tests were two-sided. The genetic risk score was not associated with potential confounders, including gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and smoking. In the instrumental variable analyses (IV), EAC risk increased by 16% (IV-odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.33) and BE risk increased by 12% (IV-OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.25) per 1kg/m2 increase in BMI. BMI was statistically significantly associated with EAC and BE in conventional epidemiologic analyses. People with a high genetic propensity to obesity have higher risks of esophageal metaplasia and neoplasia than people with low genetic propensity. These analyses provide the strongest evidence to date that obesity is independently associated with BE and EAC, and is not due to confounding or bias inherent in conventional epidemiologic analyses.
GRANULOPENIA FOLLOWING ALLONAL
Authors: Charles H. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1934)

E. J., a woman, aged 60, of Norwegian parentage, was admitted to the Coatesville Hospital, July 8, 1934, complaining of weakness and lassitude of two months' duration. The family history showed nothing of importance. Her past history revealed that she had a repair of a cystocele in 1929. She was treated for carcinoma of the cervix uteri in July 1931 with radium. This was repeated in 1932 and 1933. In August 1933 and April 1934 she was given high voltage roentgen therapy for the same condition. On account of insomnia, a physician advised her to take allonal (allylisopropylbarbituric acid with amidopyrine) tablets. From February 1934 until July 22, 1934, she took two of these tablets every evening before bedtime. The present illness had a gradual onset in the early part of May 1934 with "loss of strength." About June 15 her gums and throat became very sore, associated with swelling
Genetic Susceptibility to Breast Cancer
Authors: Katrina Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex, health, and athletes
Authors: R. M. Jordan-Young, P. H. Sonksen, K. Karkazis
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Recent policy introduced by the International Olympic Committee to regulate hyperandrogenism in female athletes could lead to unnecessary treatment and may be unethical, argue <b>Rebecca Jordan-Young</b>, <b>Peter Sönksen</b>,<b> and Katrina Karkazis </b>
Getting Nutrition into the Medical School
Authors: James A. Halsted, Charles H. Halsted
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorial Note1 March 1976Getting Nutrition into the Medical SchoolJAMES A. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P., CHARLES H. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P.JAMES A. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, CHARLES H. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-334 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhy is nutrition distinct from any other specialty? Why cannot physicians in each specialty take care of their own nutritional problems by merely writing diet orders? The internist, surgeon, obstetrician, pediatrician, or psychiatrist cannot be expected to prescribe the details of all diets. However, the physician should have sufficient fundamental knowledge of nutrition to understand the principles behind each diet that he prescribes. Moreover, he should recognize that often special diets are not indicated at all.Clinical nutritionists are physicians, usually internists or pediatricians who have acquired special knowledge of the biochemistry and metabolism of nutrients and the relation of...References1. BUTTERWORTHBLACKBURN CG: Hospital malnutrition. Nutr Today 10:8-18, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. MOORE E: Nutrition education in medical schools, in Symposium on the Application of Nutrition in the Health Sciences. Washington, D.C., Nutrition Foundation, Inc., 1974, pp. 6-13 Google Scholar3. CHRISTAKISFRANKLEBROWN GRR: Nutrition teaching at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine: a three-year experience. Am J Clin Nutr 25:997-1009, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. COURSIN D: Toward accreditation of nutrition as a medical specialty. Am J Clin Nutr 27:1195-1199, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLetter to the editorEducating doctors in nutrition: One solutionRound the WorldNutrition—an essential component of health and health care.Effective nutrition education program for medical studentsPoint of view: Acculturation in clinical dietetics 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 334-335KeywordsBiochemistryChild psychiatryDietNutrientsNutritionSurgeons Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Imaging Modalities and Radiation: Benefit Has Its Risks…
Authors: Leslee J. Shaw, Stephan Achenbach, Y. Chandrashekhar, Vasken Dilsizian, W. Gregory Hundley, Morton J. Kern, Christopher M. Kramer, Thomas H. Marwick, William A. Zoghbi, Jagat Narula
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Recurrent asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate.
Authors: D E Banks, R J Rando
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A worker developed toluene diisocyanate induced asthma in 1974. On reassessment, 11 years after leaving the chemical plant where toluene diisocyanate was produced, he had no respiratory symptoms and normal bronchial reactivity in response to methacholine, and showed no reaction when challenged with a subirritant concentration of toluene diisocyanate. He developed asthma within five months of returning to the workplace. Repeat challenge testing showed bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine and to the specific sensitising agent, toluene diisocyanate. This clinical pattern could be due to underlying toluene diisocyanate sensitivity with resolution and reappearance of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and toluene diisocyanate reactivity associated with workplace toluene diisocyanate exposure. Alternatively, this worker may have developed sensitisation to toluene diisocyanate anew.
Something lost — something gained: the ASCI begins its second century
Authors: Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

For the hundredth anniversary of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, we have invited various members of the community to recount here the impact that the Society, its annual meeting, and The Journal of Clinical Investigation have had on them. Their recollections provide a view of the changes that have occurred in academic medicine in general and for the physician-scientist in particular.
CXCL10 Is Critical for the Progression and Maintenance of Depigmentation in a Mouse Model of Vitiligo
Authors: Mehdi Rashighi, Priti Agarwal, Jillian M. Richmond, Tajie H. Harris, Karen Dresser, Ming-Wan Su, Youwen Zhou, April Deng, Christopher A. Hunter, Andrew D. Luster, John E. Harris
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Neutralizing CXCL10 reverses established vitiligo.
782. Poly(glycoamidoamine)s Deliver DNA with High Efficacy to Cardiomyoblast Cells
Authors: Yemin Liu, Suiwen He, W. Keith Jones, Theresa M. Reineke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Cardiovascular disease represents a promising clinical target for novel gene therapy and oligonucleotide treatments because of the lack of effective pharmacological agents that specifically block myocardial injury and infarction post ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). It has been shown that activation of a transcription factor, NF-kappaB following I/R, may mediate myocardial cell death.1 Previous studies2 indicate that the delivery of a naked double stranded oligonucleotide sequence (termed a DNA decoy) containing the NF-kappaB DNA binding sequence can effectively block activation of NF-kappaB in the heart in vivo. That study revealed that a reduction in NF-kappaB signaling leads to a decrease in myocardial necrosis. Thus, a significant reduction in the area of myocardial infarction was observed.2 However, one of the greatest challenges with DNA delivery has been developing a suitable delivery system that can effectively increase the DNA decoy efficacy and the area of delivery in the myocardium.
Optimal Diets for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextCoronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries and is rapidly becoming a primary cause of death worldwide. Thus, identification of the dietary changes that most effectively prevent CHD is critical.ObjectiveTo review metabolic, epidemiologic, and clinical trial evidence regarding diet and CHD prevention.Data Sources and Study SelectionWe searched MEDLINE through May 2002 for epidemiologic and clinical investigations of major dietary factors (fat, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, carbohydrates, glycemic index, fiber, folate, specific foods, and dietary patterns) and CHD. We selected 147 original investigations and reviews of metabolic studies, epidemiologic studies, and dietary intervention trials of diet and CHD.Data ExtractionData were examined for relevance and quality and extracted by 1 of the authors.Data SynthesisCompelling evidence from metabolic studies, prospective cohort studies, and clinical trials in the past several decades indicates that at least 3 dietary strategies are effective in preventing CHD: substitute nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats for saturated and trans-fats; increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids from fish, fish oil supplements, or plant sources; and consume a diet high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and low in refined grain products. However, simply lowering the percentage of energy from total fat in the diet is unlikely to improve lipid profile or reduce CHD incidence. Many issues remain unsettled, including the optimal amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, the optimal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats, the amount and sources of protein, and the effects of individual phytochemicals, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals.ConclusionsSubstantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD. Such diets, together with regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of a healthy body weight, may prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease in Western populations.
Personal Time: The Patient's Experience
Authors: T. Jock Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

When a life-threatening or chronic disease is diagnosed, patients may find that their sense of time, the passage of days, and their view of the future are altered. Most of the time, people live in a sense of linear time, or kronos. When illness strikes, they may begin to spend more time in kairos, a sense of soul-satisfying time, such as the feeling one gets when walking on the seashore with a grandchild, working in the garden, or talking with friends over good food and wine. This article comments on two patients, one who explores kairos through a diary that documents her positive attitude toward coping with multiple sclerosis, and one, a young artist with Hodgkin disease, who explores his condition through 96 paintings of his experience of the disease. Rather than "the devouring tyrant of linear time," life can be seen in a circular fashion, the eternal braid of Hofstadter. Patients begin to see life more in terms of cycles of daily events, routines, and the change of seasons. Illness brings one "close to the bone" of the soul's needs, with a reappraisal of the journey of life as a continuous line, to life spread out on a landscape that includes the past and the future.
Failures can be the pillars of success
Authors: A. Panja
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Few doctors can honestly claim that they have gone through their whole career without failing at something. Even the eminent dean of my medical school when I was sitting finals had allegedly failed his final MB examination because of a love affair with rowing.

Although most of the students botched the odd exam at the end of our first hazy term at medical school, I managed to perform consistently for the whole five years—consistently poorly, that is. Many of my peers never failed again, perhaps being genuinely scared into action by their initial blunders. Whatever the reason, it felt like they were freewheeling while I still needed stabilisers. To add to my bewilderment a handful of students were jettisoned at the end of the first year for failing retakes, many of whom had S levels to their name. Failure, much like illness it seemed, could befall anyone at any time.

> Experiencing failure has made me more tolerant of colleagues, students, and, most importantly, patients 

As time wore …
A Clinical Lecture on THE TREATMENT OF URINARY SEPSIS
Authors: R. J. Willan
Journal: BMJ (1928)

ACUTE inflammationi of tImeulrin-ary tract is anivythling but a rare disease; too often the response to treatment is dis- appoinitinig, wliereupoln the sequel of-the acute stage, chronliciurinary sepsis, becomes one of the commoni ailmenits met with in general practice.The treatmenit of the chronic stage is not an easy problem, anid often little is done to assist suchlpatienits.A typical hiistory giveni by a patient tells of an attempt made by the doctor to treat tlhe usuial syniptonms of fre- Lueincy of mietuirition and dysuria; that muich medicine had been swallowed, and perhaps the bladder lhad beeni washed out, or a vaccine Ilad beeni emploved; that no permanent good liad accrued, and the sorely disappointed patient had gone to another doctor, wleo carried ouit anI exactly similar programmie to lhis predecessor.The coniditioni attacks eitlier sex, anid at anyv age^, thoulh it predoniinates in females.It usually affects bothi kidneys.In my experience the great majority of cases of urinary sepsis aie " deseeli(iing " inifections.The fuinctiois of thle kidneys-is to elimninate waste products, incluidinig any bacteria, wliichl may be presenit in tlhe bloo(d srealn.That a kidniey is able to eliminate micro-organiisms with- out ally damage beiig done to that kidney is an estab- lished fact.Probably the alteriiati-e usually happens, when the extruded pyogenic bacteria gail a footing ill some situlation in the urinary tract-for example, ill the solid part of the kidney (causillg pyelonepllritis); in the mucous nielilbrane of.the renal pelv is (causisg l)yelitis); in the miucousnmembrane of the ureter (causing ureteritis); in' the nmucous membrane of the bladder (causinig cystitis); or, rarely, in the mucous membranie of the urethra (causing urethritis).If bacteria are circuilatiiig in the blood stream, and have damaged tlhe patient's filtering apparatuis, it is tlhe medical man's duty first to endeavouir to discover the foclis (if entry of time bacteria, and secondly to ascertain the extent of the d.amage wmhich has already beeii done.The comi- moiiest foci of sepsis are found eitlher iln the teetli or tlme tonsils, bIut time focus may be in the ear, the air siiluses, or, in the case of females, it may be in the uterus, asso- ciated or niot witim pregnaancy.I will relazte some elmiical examples of aemite amid chlronic urinary sepsis, wvitim thc treatmeiit emiiployed ill eacim case. ACUTE UIRINARY SEPSIS.Durin-g the aciite stage of the conidition it is inot always possible to treat the causative focus, because, thie doctor muist concentrate uiponi givinlg the patient relief by treatinig the sympll)tomns.The urinie is invariably ilmeracid, ancd the acute symptoms wvill persist until its reactioni is less acid, or even alkalille.This cani best be effected by givimig 30 graimis
Cell proliferation and chemical carcinogenesis: symposium overview.
Authors: R L Melnick, J Huff, J C Barrett, R R Maronpot, G Lucier, C J Portier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically enhanced cell proliferation on the dynamic carcinogenic processes. This conference, held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences January 14-16, 1992, provided an open forum for the exchange of new results, information, and ideas in four areas: a) general principles of cell division and carcinogenesis, b) critical evaluation of cell proliferation methodologies, c) cell proliferation and modeling of organ-specific carcinogenesis, and d) cell proliferation and human carcinogenesis. This overview summarizes key findings from that symposium. The general view expressed was that although cell proliferation is involved inextricably in the development of cancers, chemically enhanced cell division does not reliably predict carcinogenicity. Our knowledge of the multistep nature of carcinogenesis has advanced substantially during recent years; however, much still needs to be learned. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular events in chemical carcinogenesis should improve all aspects of the overall risk assessment process, including extrapolations based on dose, species, and interindividual differences.
ECM remodeling in hypertensive heart disease
Authors: Bradford C. Berk, Keigi Fujiwara, Stephanie Lehoux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) occurs in patients that clinically have both diastolic and systolic heart failure and will soon become the most common cause of heart failure. Two key aspects of heart failure secondary to HHD are the relatively highly prevalent LV hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, caused by changes in the local and systemic neurohormonal environment. The fibrotic state is marked by changes in the balance between MMPs and their inhibitors, which alter the composition of the ECM. Importantly, the fibrotic ECM impairs cardiomyocyte function. Recent research suggests that therapies targeting the expression, synthesis, or activation of the enzymes responsible for ECM homeostasis might represent novel opportunities to modify the natural progression of HHD.