tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ADVANTAGES OF PARALDEHYDE AS A BASIC AMNESIC AGENT IN OBSTETRICS
Authors: E. D. COLVIN
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Analgesia and amnesia are worthy objectives in obstetrics, provided the agents used are safe and do not lead to uterine inertia and unwarranted interference, with resulting increase in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Analgesia has been attained with a fair degree of success by the use of morphine, nitrous oxide, ethylene and ether or chloroform, each agent being used at the time most appropriate for it during labor. Amnesia is of more recent interest and development. That it is a worth while objective admits of no argument. The average patient will not openly confess the apprehension with which she approaches labor, and the average physician does not appreciate the shock sustained by the nervous system. If a suitable amnesic agent or combination of agents can be found which will properly satisfy the strict requirements pertaining to labor, analgesia need not be perfect as long as the patient retains no
Congenital dysprothrombinemia: an inherited structural disorder of human prothrombin
Authors: Sandor S. Shapiro, Jose Martinez, Ruth R. Holburn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A large family has been studied, 11 of whose members have half-normal plasma concentrations of biological prothrombin activity. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal. By use of a specific immunoassay, affected family members have been shown to possess normal quantities of immunoreactive prothrombin, whose immunologic properties seem identical with those of the normal zymogen. Prothrombin isolation from the plasma of one such individual gave normal yields of protein but half-normal amounts of prothrombin activity. Activation of this material in the "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" systems, in concentrated sodium citrate, or by trypsin, gives rise to half, or less, of the thrombin clotting and esterase activities expected from a comparable normal prothrombin preparation. During the clotting of blood from an affected individual, all material with the mobility of prothrombin disappears. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum reveals a normal nonthrombin "pro piece," and an additional activation product with an electrophoretic mobility intermediate between that of prothrombin and of "pro piece." These results suggest that affected individuals are heterozygotes in whom half the prothrombin molecules synthesized are structurally abnormal, since they undergo some alterations during activation, but are incapable of releasing the active enzyme, thrombin.
Treatment of cat allergy with T-cell reactive peptides.
Authors: P S Norman, J L Ohman, A A Long, P S Creticos, M A Gefter, Z Shaked, R A Wood, P A Eggleston, K B Hafner, P Rao, L M Lichtenstein, N H Jones, C F Nicodemus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We induced in allergic humans the counterpart of murine experimental T-cell tolerance. T-cell lines from cat-allergic humans were used to map T-cell epitopes for the principal allergen of cat dander, Fel d 1. Two peptides of 27 amino acids each were synthesized to contain the dominant epitopes (ALLERVAX CAT). After a safety trial, we carried out a blinded study of the dose required for efficacy. We randomly divided 95 cat-sensitive patients into placebo, 7.5 micrograms, 75 micrograms, and 750 micrograms groups. Patients received a subcutaneous injection weekly for 4 wk. Before and after treatment, patients were exposed in a room inhabited by live cats and scored by nose and lung symptoms. Baseline nasal and lung scores (+/-SEM) were 6.2 +/- 0.56 and 5.4 +/- 0.73 in the 750 micrograms group; 7.8 +/- 0.53 and 4.7 +/- 0.68 in the placebo group. Six weeks after treatment, scores adjusted for baseline differences were reduced in the 750 micrograms group: -2.3 +/- 4.9 and -2.3 +/- 0.59 compared with -0.84 +/- 0.50 and -0.85 +/- 0.62 in the placebo group. The 75 micrograms group showed intermediate effects and the 7.5 micrograms group no effect. Linear trend analysis indicated a significant dose response effect: p = 0.05 for nose and 0.03 for lung symptoms. Allergic side effects occurred an hour or more after the first 750 micrograms dose in 16 of 24 patients but required little or no treatment with one exception. T-cell reactive treatment peptides safely improved allergic responses to cats.
In the Eye of the Needle: Diary of a Medically Supervised Injecting Centre
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

E arly one Sunday evening in May 2001, a young Sydney labourer strolled through a nondescript shop-front in the sleazy heart of Sydney's Kings Cross, and made medical history. The 19 year old man became the first client of the New South Wales government funded Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, which had quietly opened its doors for the first time about an hour earlier. It had done this without fanfare, hoping to avoid media harassment of clients. Newspaperphotographers who had staked out the premises from a hotel opposite for the previous fortnight were oblivious, apparently because of a rugby league match on television. Ingrid van Beek Allen and Unwin, $A29.95, pp 240 ISBN 1741143810 www.allenandunwin.comAlso available as an ebook, $A20.95 (www.ebooks.com) Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The centre, a first for the English speaking world, had a long and painful gestation involving protracted legal and political battles. Opponents ranged from the Vatican to a local business organisation and the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board. Some of the highs and lows of its first 30 months … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A VISCERA RETAINER
Authors: Robert Emmett Farr
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A large number of devices have been designed for preventing the evisceration of the abdominal contents while closing the peritoneum after the performance of an abdominal section. Such an instrument should present a flat, broad, smooth surface in order to control the omentum and small intestines and, in order to meet the ideals demanded, should remain in situ until the peritoneal incision is so nearly closed that its use is no longer necessary. It is well known that a smooth surface of sheet rubber offers the least amount of trauma to the sensitive peritoneal coating of the viscera of any substance known. The viscera retainer here presented is a modification of the instrument shown in a recently published monograph.<sup>1</sup>The instrument is slipped into the cuff of a dry, sterile rubber glove, the fingers of which have been allowed to remain inside as the glove is reversed. A glove
Gene Expression Analysis of Angioimmunoblastic Lymphoma Indicates Derivation from T Follicular Helper Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Deregulation
Authors: Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Claudio Agostinelli, Andrea Califano, Antonino Carbone, Luca Fantoni, Sergio Ferrari, Anna Gazzola, Annunziata Gloghini, Simona Righi, Maura Rossi, Enrico Tagliafico, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Simonetta Zupo, Michele Baccarani, Stefano A. Pileri
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AILT) is the second most common subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and is characterized by dismal prognosis. Thus far, only a few studies have dealt with its molecular pathogenesis. We performed gene expression profile (GEP) analysis of six AILT, six anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), 28 PTCL-unspecified (PTCL/U), and 20 samples of normal T lymphocytes (including CD4+, CD8+, and activated and resting subpopulations), aiming to (a) assess the relationship of AILT with other PTCLs, (b) establish the relationship between AILT and normal T-cell subsets, and (c) recognize the cellular programs deregulated in AILT possibly looking for novel potential therapeutic targets. First, we found that AILT and other PTCLs have rather similar GEP, possibly sharing common oncogenic pathways. Second, we found that AILTs are closer to activated CD4+, rather than to resting or CD8+ lymphocytes. Furthermore, we found that the molecular signature of follicular T helper cells was significantly overexpressed in AILT, reinforcing the idea that AILT may arise from such cellular counterpart. Finally, we identified several genes deregulated in AILT, including PDGFRA, REL, and VEGF. The expression of several molecules was then studied by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 45 independent AILT cases. Notably, we found that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was expressed not only by reactive cells, but also by neoplastic cells, and that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is uncommon in AILT, as suggested by frequent exclusively cytoplasmic c-REL localization. Our study provides new relevant information on AILT biology and new candidates for possible therapeutic targets such as PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor α) and VEGF. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10703–10]
Paclitaxel-Eluting versus Uncoated Stents in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gerrit J. Laarman, Maarten J. Suttorp, Maurits T. Dirksen, Loek van Heerebeek, Ferdinand Kiemeneij, Ton Slagboom, L. Ron van der Wieken, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Benno J. Rensing, Mark Patterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Drug-eluting coronary-artery stents have been shown to decrease restenosis and therefore the likelihood that additional procedures will be required after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated the use of a drug-eluting stent in patients undergoing PCI for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.We randomly assigned 619 patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation to receive either a paclitaxel-eluting stent or an uncoated stent. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiac causes, recurrent myocardial infarction, or target-lesion revascularization at 1 year.Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics in both groups were well matched. There was a trend toward a lower rate of serious adverse events in the paclitaxel-stent group than in the uncoated-stent group (8.8% vs. 12.8%; adjusted relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 1.07; P=0.09). A nonsignificant trend was also detected in favor of the paclitaxel-stent group, as compared with the uncoated-stent group, in the rate of death from cardiac causes or recurrent myocardial infarction (5.5% vs. 7.2%, P=0.40) and in the rate of target-lesion revascularization (5.3% vs. 7.8%, P=0.23). The incidence of stent thrombosis during 1 year of follow-up was the same in both groups (1.0%).Although the use of paclitaxel-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation reduced the incidence of serious adverse cardiac events at 1 year by 4.0 percentage points, as compared with uncoated stents, the difference was not statistically significant. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN65027270 [controlled-trials.com].).
Psychosurgery and the Medical Control of Violence: Autonomy and Deviance
Authors: John R. Neill
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Interest in the legal and philosophic questions raised by the biomedical treatment of mental illness and social deviance continues apace. Much of what has been written for the layman or the professional has been both superficial and sensational. Professor Schuman, professor of law and psychiatry at Wayne State University, has tackled these questions (I use the term advisedly) in a refreshing manner that does justice to both the material and his audience. The author has chosen psychosurgery as a focus for investigation because of his involvement in the Detroit psychosurgery case in 1973 (<i>Kaimowitz vs Department of Mental Health</i>). He thus speaks from experience. Some basic questions pervading all of medical treatment are examined: the possibility of informed consent by persons in legal custody, what constitutes scientific evidence, and the notion of causation in understanding human behavior. Next, Professor Schuman examines, critically, how these concepts have been used in the
Renin Activity in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Authors: Norman Lasker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Renin Activity in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease.Norman Lasker, M.D., Gilbert E. Levinson, M.D., F.A.C.P., Michael Gutkin, M.D., Anthony S. King, M.D.Norman Lasker, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gilbert E. Levinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Michael Gutkin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Anthony S. King, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1051_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with end-stage renal disease maintained on chronic dialysis have an exaggerated hypertensive response to overhydration which has been found to be partially corrected by bilateral nephrectomy and completely corrected by successful renal transplantation. The possibility that renin contributes to this phenomenon was investigated by measuring renin activity in overhydrated hypertensive patients with end-stage kidney disease before and after hypertonic, eunatremic (4.25% glucose, 140 mEq/liter Na+) and less hypertonic, hyponatremic (2.0% glucose, 114 mEq/liter Na+) peritoneal dialysis.Blood pressure was measured by auscultation or a Statham strain gauge and plasma volume, by Evans blue or131I albumin. Body weight, Na+,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jersey City, New Jersey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1051-1051KeywordsAuscultationBlood pressureBody weightGlucoseMedical dialysisNephrectomyPeritoneal dialysisPlasma volumeRenal failureRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Complications of central venous cannulation
Authors: A J Coe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

shoe size over 5 (p<OO5).Women over 155 cm tall had a 3% incidence of disproportion whereas women of 155 cm or less had an incidence of 18% (p<00005).More significantly, shoe size was more helpful in mothers of 155 cm or less.In this group the incidence ofcephalopelvic disproportion was 23% when the shoe size was less than 5 and 7% when the shoe size was 5 or over.By pointing out that mothers of short stature or small feet are at a higher risk of requiring abdominal delivery we are not suggesting that this should be done without a properly conducted and monitored trial of labour.
Immunochemical detection of egg‐white antigens and allergens in meat products
Authors: V Leduc, C Demeulemester, C Guizard, L Le Guern, B Polack, G Peltre
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: The purpose of this study was to detect antigens and allergens in egg‐white byproduct ingredients and after their incorporation in processed pork meat pastes. Commercially prepared foods may have potentially allergenic ingredients (egg, milk, soybean, wheat, and peanut) added in processing. Since allergic patients may react to unidentified ingredients, it is important to assess the allergenic potency of these food proteins added during processing. Egg white was chosen as an experimental model, since egg is one of the most prevalent allergens in food hypersensitivity. Methods: Experimental pork meat pastes containing egg white underwent pasteurization and sterilization. Ingredients derived from egg‐white or paste extracts were isoelectrofocused and then blotted onto cyanogen bromide‐activated nitrocellulose membranes. Egg‐white antigens were identified in ingredients and in meat products with rabbit anti‐egg‐white antiserum by isoelectric focusing immunoblotting. Allergens were identified with sera from sensitized patients. A sensitive ELISA test was developed to detect egg‐white proteins in raw, pasteurized, and sterilized meat products. Results: Antigens and allergens in four egg‐white byproducts were detected. Egg‐white antigens were detectable in all ingredients and meat pastes by ELISA. Allergens were detected in ingredients and in raw and pasteurized products by immunoprint techniques and ELISA. Conclusions: Masked egg‐white allergens are recognized by human serum IgE after pasteurization. Egg‐white antigens are detectable in sterilized meat by ELISA techniques. Ingestion of processed foods could entail a risk of allergic reactions for sensitized consumers. Abbreviations. ELISA: enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; MaRG‐AP: mouse anti‐rabbit IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate; RaEggW: anti‐hen's egg‐white antiserum; GaHE‐AP: goat anti‐human IgE alkaline phosphatase conjugate; RAST: radioallergosorbent test; IEF: isoelectric focusing; PBS: phosphate‐buffered saline; SDS–PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; NBT/BCIP: nitroblue tetrazolium/5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl phosphate p ‐toluidine salts.
Ethnographic study of incidence and severity of intravenous drug errors
Authors: K. Taxis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the incidence and clinical importance of errors in the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs and the stages of the process in which errors occur. <b>Design:</b> Prospective ethnographic study using disguised observation. <b>Participants:</b> Nurses who prepared and administered intravenous drugs. <b>Setting:</b> 10 wards in a teaching and non-teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number, type, and clinical importance of errors. <b>Results:</b> 249 errors were identified. At least one error occurred in 212 out of 430 intravenous drug doses (49%, 95% confidence interval 45% to 54%). Three doses (1%) had potentially severe errors, 126 (29%) potentially moderate errors, and 83 (19%) potentially minor errors. Most errors occurred when giving bolus doses or making up drugs that required multiple step preparation. <b>Conclusions:</b> The rate of intravenous drug errors was high. Although most errors would cause only short term adverse effects, a few could have been serious. A combination of reducing the amount of preparation on the ward, training, and technology to administer slow bolus doses would probably have the greatest effect on error rates. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Errors in preparing and administering intravenous drugs can cause considerable harm to patients Reduction of drug errors is a government health target in the United Kingdom and the United States <h3>What this study adds</h3> Errors occurred in about half of the intravenous drug doses observed Errors were potentially harmful in about a third of cases The most common errors were giving bolus doses too quickly and mistakes in preparing drugs that required multiple steps
John Winton Tanner
Authors: M. Tanner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Bloxwich (b Lancaster 1924; q Birmingham 1951), died from pneumonia and dementia on 10 December 2001.

A pacifist, John served in the Friends' Ambulance Unit towards the end of the second world war. After house jobs, he entered general practice in Bloxwich. An interest in psychiatry led to a clinical assistantship and later to a sabbatical year in Hamburg and Vienna. In 1960 his strength as a swimmer enabled him to assist in the rescue of two people in danger of drowning off the Cornish coast. He leaves a wife, Marianne; two children; and two grandchildren.
Book: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Current Status of Research and Practice
Authors: I. D Walker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ed A R Genazzani Parthenon, £51.99/$77.95, pp 200 ISBN 1 84214 038 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Some years ago I listened to a lecture in which the speaker vigorously defended her hypothesis that oestrogen deficiency was no more acceptable than insulin or thyroid hormone deficiency. This was in the heady days when we believed, or wished to believe, that the use of female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) would confer major benefits, with limited risks. Over the past four … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
BMJ invokes new Texan freedom of speech law to fight Wakefield libel case
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMJ is invoking a new Texas law protecting freedom of speech in a bid to have thrown out the libel lawsuit brought against it by Andrew Wakefield, the researcher who sparked an international controversy over the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).

The journal, its editor in chief, Fiona Godlee, and the investigative journalist Brian Deer have filed a motion to have the case dismissed under the anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation) statute. The law, which is similar to statutes enacted in a number of US states, protects journalists and publishers from baseless libel claims by providing a procedure under which a case …
Bioelectric impedance analysis: Experience with male patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Francesco William Guglielmi, Francesco Contento, Lucia Laddaga, Carmine Panella, Antonio Francavilla
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Bioelectric impedance analysis is a new, convenient and portable method used to estimate total body water and to assess body composition in healthy people. We used the tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis method in 58 cirrhotic patients to assess its clinical applicability. Whole-body resistance, reactance and impedance were measured and compared with those of 30 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. The resistance and impedance values of ascitic cirrhotic patients (resistance = 461 +/- 80 omega; impedance = 462 +/- 80 omega) and nonascitic cirrhotic patients (resistance = 487 +/- 96 omega; impedance = 489 +/- 97 omega) were comparable with the resistance (488 +/- 44 omega) and impedance (491 +/- 44 omega) of controls. However, a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in whole body reactance was found in patients with ascites and in those without ascites (34 +/- 9 omega vs. 47 +/- 12 omega) as compared with healthy subjects (56 +/- 7 omega). In 10 ascitic patients total body water was determined both before and after paracentesis; the volume of intraperitoneal fluid removed (7.9 +/- 3.8 L) could not be fully accounted for but only detected as an average volume of 1.9 +/- 1.0 L independently of the initial volume of the ascites. Our data clearly demonstrate that tetrapolar bioelectric impedance analysis is not adequate for measuring variations of "compartmentalized" fluid in the abdomen.