tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine: Vital in Today's Transplantation, But Questions Remain About Tomorrow
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE PACE of transplantation has accelerated from a crawl to a sprint since the advent of cyclosporine. But a decade out of the starting blocks, this immuno-suppressant's Achilles' heel, renal toxicity, is beginning to throb. Whether this throb will prove manageable with lower doses and careful monitoring or will eventually disqualify this lifesaving drug from long-term immunosuppression therapy has fueled a long-standing controversy within the transplantation community. Most needed and yet noticeably absent from these debates has been the element of time. Patient and graft survival curves when cyclosporine is used extend 9 or 10 years at most, yet endstage renal failure can take decades to develop. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes—other risk factors associated with the concomitant use of steroids—also loom over the survival curves. How many years after transplantation, if ever, will the penalty paid by the "innocent bystanders," that is, the nontransplanted organs, outweigh the benefits? Recently, participants
470 Analysis of factors involved in fibrosis progression among hepatitis C virus carriers with normal alanine aminotransferases
Authors: R. Rapetti, C. Colletta, C. Vandelli, R. Minisini, L. Aguggia, C. Smime, M. Vandelli, S. Fangazio, M. Bigliocca, P. Toniutto, C. Fabris, M. Pirisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Medical Research Council review sets research agenda for autism
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Medical Research Council has published a major review of research which reveals that the prevalence of autism is higher than had been thought but indicates no association with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination.

The review was commissioned by the Department of Health in March 2001, partly in response to public concerns raised by research alleging that MMR vaccination might be linked to an apparent increase in the numbers of children with autism. It was designed to be a wide ranging review of research into different aspects of autism and other disorders in the autism spectrum, to identify gaps in knowledge and to make recommendations on future research in the United Kingdom.

Three groups of scientists examined the research evidence …
Highly porous large poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres adsorbed with palmityl-acylated exendin-4 as a long-acting inhalation system for treating diabetes
Authors: Hyunuk Kim, Hongil Park, Juho Lee, Tae Hyung Kim, Eun Seong Lee, Kyung Taek Oh, Kang Choon Lee, Yu Seok Youn
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Drug points: Simvastatin and impotence
Authors: G Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The benefits of lowering raised cholesterol concentrations are established in patients with documented coronary artery disease and those at high risk.1 2 Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) are highly effective agents with few reported adverse effects. However, as their use becomes more common, adverse effects may be increasingly recognised. Impotence, rarely volunteered or asked about, is an important adverse effect of drugs and not currently associated with …
Epidemiological Differences Between White and Nonwhite Suicide Attempters
Authors: ANDREAS M. PEDERSON, GEORGE A. AWAD, ALAN R. KINDLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Using the Monroe County (N.Y.) Psychiatric Case Register, a stable data source, the authors attempted to determine differences between white and nonwhite suicide attempters, to identify the factors that are associated with self-destructive behavior in both groups, and to determine the subsequent mortality rate among suicide attempters. They found a number of differences between whites and nonwhites and conclude that the motivation for suicide, the techniques used to treat attempts, and the degree of risk of further psychiatric difficulty may be different for the two groups.
Common Cardiac Prosthetic Valves
Authors: Patrick K. C. Chun
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The development of prosthetic heart valves has been an important advance in the treatment of patients with serious valvular cardiac disease. Because there are many types of prosthetic valves, we have prepared a diagram of the valves currently or previously used and list their potential complications. Prosthetic valves were identified according to photographic and radiologic features, valve replacement location, and reported associated complications. Data have been compiled in tabular form for quick reference; valves have been identified according to valve base, cage, and poppet. They may be categorized as caged-ball or low-profile valves. Such information helps to provide recognition of the valve that has been inserted and permits the clinician or radiologist to be alert to possible complications with the various prosthetic devices. (<i>JAMA</i>238:401-403, 1977)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS UPON EXTERNAL HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: C. E. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1922)

TL Pia serum, 25-c.cm., was given hypodermically.In Boo days the temperature had fallen to normal and the evidences ofz colitis had disappeared.Case 4.-Female, aged 46.This patienit developed a severe dysenteric attack, with blood and mucas, much abdominsi pain, and pyrexia up to 1030.Slhe was given 25 a.cm. of the serum, and after live days no further looseness of the bowels was recorde(l.Case 5.-Male, aged 74.This man suffered from a severe attack of dysentery with slight pyrexia.Small doses of saliues were given at frequent intervals.After two days of the saline treatment no blood or mucus was observed in the dejecta, and the temperature was foiund to be subnormal.The-diarrhoea, however, continued, and two days afterwards there was a recurrence of-tbe pyrexia and trace3 of blood and mucus were again detected in the motions.The patient was then given an injection of 25 c.cm. of serum, and after an interval of two days only two evacuations were recorded in the twenty -four hours, one of which was formed.There was d marked physical improvement twenty-four hours after the administration of the serum.Case 6-Male, aged 72.This patient, who had two years previously suffered from dysentery, again suffered from an attack of the disesse.He-wasat the same time suffering from pernicious auaemia in a state of remission.For the first two days there were
Medicare Spending on Physicians — No Easy Fix in Sight
Authors: Joseph P. Newhouse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Medicare's method of payment to physicians has been a thorny problem since the program began more than 40 years ago. Medicare's initial method for setting fees mimicked the typical system used by the Blue Shield plans of the 1960s: payment for the lowest of usual, customary, or reasonable fees. Twenty-five years later, the resulting fee schedule made little sense; individual physicians were paid grossly different amounts for providing identical medical services, with large variations across different geographic areas. As a result, Medicare adopted the resource-based relative-value scale in an attempt to tie relative fees to the amount of work and . . .
Acute Renutrition by Cyclic Enteral Nutrition in Elderly and Younger Patients
Authors: Xavier Hébuterne
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of cyclic enteral nutrition (CyEN) in elderly compared with younger patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University hospital nutritional support unit. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 51 patients younger than 65 years (mean age, 45 years) and 46 patients 65 years of age and older (mean age, 77 years) referred for refeeding after having lost at least 20% of their body weight or at least 10% in 3 months. All patients were severely undernourished but were ambulatory. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Cyclic enteral nutrition was administered via a nasogastric tube during the night; in the daytime patients were allowed to eat normally. <h3>Measurements.</h3> —Ten biological and anthropometric nutritional parameters and a global nutritional deficiency (GND) were measured at day 0, at day 15, and at the end of CyEN. <h3>Results.</h3> —Total energy intakes were 288% and 282% of resting energy expenditure in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and duration of CyEN was a mean of 27 days in both groups. Tolerance was generally good, although one patient in each group discontinued refeeding because of aspiration pneumonia. In both groups, seven nutritional parameters and the GND improved significantly; six parameters improved significantly more in younger than in elderly patients: body weight, serum albumin, serum prealbumin, serum transferrin, 24-hour urinary creatinine, and the GND (44.7% vs 35.4%;<i>P</i>=.006). After 1 year, the probability to be alive without relapse was 62% in the elderly and 76% in the younger patients (<i>P</i>=.18). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cyclic enteral nutrition appears to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of undernutrition in older malnourished ambulatory patients, although their response to CyEN was somewhat less than in younger patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:638-643)
Localization and Function of the Medullary Vasomotor Center in Infracollicularly Decerebrated Cats
Authors: PERCY LINDGREN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The medullary vasomotor centers were studied in three cats, decerebrated below the mesencephalon four to nine days before the $$$cute experiment. Exploration of the dorsal regions of the medulla oblongata revealed that the vasomotor active regions had about the same extension as in intact animals. Medullary pressor and depressor reflexes, elicited by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve and a sinus nerve, were also of a normal type in the decerebrated cats. The results indicate that the medullary vasomotor center constitutes a region of nuclear character with cell bodies and synapses functioning as a tonic and reflex center. In this respect, it seems to function normally even after the degeneration of vasomotor pathways from higher centers.
Coping With Gravity
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To diabetic patients with circulatory autonomic neuropathy, postural hypotension can be a perpetual source of frustration. They may not be able to come to terms with gravity. To their physicians this disability is a source of perplexity. They may find it difficult to explain why therapy is ineffective when etiology and pathophysiology are seemingly well known. How well understood, in effect, is postural hypotension of autonomic diabetic neuropathy? Normally, a rise to the upright position causes blood to pool in the lower extremities with resulting fall in venous pressure, cardiac output, and arterial blood pressure. These changes provoke instantaneous reflex peripheral vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and a rise in plasma norepinephrine and renin levels. As a result of these compensatory adjustments, the vascular hemodynamic steady state is restored, and the blood pressure promptly returns to its previous level. Compromised baroreceptor reflexes and damaged sympathetic innervation of the peripheral vasculature have
Multimedia: On-the-Job Training for Physicians
Authors: Richard Harling
Journal: BMJ (1999)

David H Hargreaves, Geoff W Southworth, Paula Stanley, Simon J Ward


Royal Society of Medicine Press, £17.50, pp 151 




ISBN 1 85315 325 7

———————

Rating: ★★★

How can satisfactory training be provided in limited time when there are competing demands from clinical workload? This is the perennial question that this book sets out to address.

The authors argue that the answer is to “make learning of medicine more effective and more efficient.” Their concept is of training that is “combined with, and runs alongside, service delivery.” But this is not the traditional model of “apprenticeship by osmosis”; instead they advocate “apprenticeship by coaching,” in which training is “intentional, planned, monitored and followed up.”

The book is about developing partnerships between trainers and trainees; just as trainers have an obligation to provide teaching, trainees have a responsibility to be committed to learning. The authors keep this balance in focus, and are careful to avoid being critical. Instead they offer constructive advice about how training opportunities can be derived from all aspects of daily clinical work.

Their examples come from a variety of clinical settings. The text is sprinkled with quotes from practising clinicians that range from the reactionary to the radical, including illuminating references ranging from Geoffrey Chaucer to Kenneth Calman.

Consultants are given techniques for asking questions and imparting information effectively, junior doctors are introduced to developing and implementing training plans, and there are tips about giving and receiving feedback, probably the most sensitive aspect of the relationship. Although some of the ideas have been discussed before, the clear and concise presentation produces a persuasive argument: with minimal effort and no extra money, postgraduate medical education really can be improved.

In the end, of course, there is no alternative. The duration of training may be further restricted by the European working time directive, and the service workload is not going to disappear to allow time for more teaching. The only option is to make sure that all the training that takes place is of the highest quality. Anything that helps clinicians to meet this challenge should be welcomed.
The granuloma in Crohn's disease.
Authors: T J Chambers, B C Morson
Journal: Gut (1979)

The number of granulomas in sections of bowel involved by Crohn's disease has been counted and related to length of previous history, treatment with steroids, site of involvement, and the subsequent course of the disease. It was found that a high content of granulomas predicted a good prognosis in the large bowel and anus, but was of no prognostic significance in the small bowel. A large regional variation in granuloma counts was observed from an average of 1 per section in the small bowel to 6 in the colon, 18 in the rectum, and 36 in the anus. Those patients with a long clinical history showed a low granuloma content. The findings are consistent with the view that the granuloma represents an adaptive mechanism for the removal or localisation of the causative agent of Crohn's disease.
[433] FK506 AMELIORATES METABOLIC DISTURBANCE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: K. Moriya, H. Miyoshi, S. Shinzawa, T. Tsutsumi, H. Fujie, Y. Shintani, H. Yotsuyanagi, T. Suzuki, T. Miyamura, K. Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to surgery or other invasive procedures: results from the hepatitis surveillance system in Italy
Authors: Alfonso Mele, Enea Spada, Luciano Sagliocca, Pietro Ragni, Maria Elena Tosti, Giovanni Gallo, Angela Moiraghi, Emanuela Balocchini, Massimo Sangalli, Pier Luigi Lopalco, Tommaso Stroffolini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Identification of CD2-/CD3+ T cells in fetal human tissue.
Authors: D Kabelitz, P Conradt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

From 1 to 23% of fetal human spleen or thymus cells (from the 20th to 24th week of gestation) were found to display a previously unrecognized CD2-/CD3+ phenotype. IL-2-dependent, long-term clones of CD2-/3+ T cells did not react with a panel of anti-CD2 mAbs and did not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. These results show that (a) significant numbers of CD2-/3+ T cells are present in fetal human spleen and/or thymus; and (b) in contrast to the widely accepted view, expression of CD2 is not a prerequisite for the expression of the CD3 molecular complex on human T cells.
NEUROTROPHIC ULCERATION OF THE FACE WITH EROSION OF THE ALA NASI IN VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN-STEM.
Authors: A. G. FREEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article NEUROTROPHIC ULCERATION OF THE FACE WITH EROSION OF THE ALA NASI IN VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN‐STEM. Get access A. G. FREEMAN A. G. FREEMAN Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Swindon, Wilts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 6, 1 June 1966, Pages 322–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb14686.x Published: 01 June 1966
The environmental genome project: ethical, legal, and social implications.
Authors: R R Sharp, J C Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is supporting a multiyear research initiative examining genetic influences on environmental response. Proponents of this new initiative, known as the Environmental Genome Project, hope that the information learned will improve our understanding of environmentally associated diseases and allow clinicians and public health officials to target disease-prevention strategies to those who are at increased risk. Despite these potential benefits, the project presents several ethical and social challenges. Of immediate concern is the protection of individual research participants. Other ethical issues relate to the application of research results and how study findings could affect social priorities. Clarifying these emerging areas of concern, many of which have not received adequate attention in the existing bioethics literature, is an important step toward minimizing potential research-related risks and defining research needs.
Removal by Traction of Incarcerated Transvenous Pacemaker Electrode
Authors: Aydin M. Bilgutay
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cardiac pacing by transvenous electrode has extended this therapeutic modality to those too ill for thoracotomy. Thus, it is often temporarily used in rhythm disturbances due to myocardial infarction. The present development of demand impulse generators, which avoid the risk of competitive stimulation with resultant ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, will greatly increase the usefulness of the transvenous electrode in the management of myocardial infarction. Transvenous pacing has been beset with many complications. While improvement of impulse generators may reduce their related complications materially, the problems of the transvenous electrodes remain. These complications related to transvenous electrodes have been reported in the literature:<sup>1-7</sup> Arrhythmias during insertion Bleeding Infection Thrombophlebitis Wound sepsis Subacute bacterial endocarditis Air embolization Phrenic stimulation Fracture of electrode Erosion of the electrode through the skin Perforation of the right ventricle Displacement of the electrode with loss of pacing. The transvenous electrode is quickly incorporated into
Rational Dispersion for the Introduction of Transcatheter Valve Therapy
Authors: Michael J. Mack, David R. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
At what age can schoolchildren provide effective chest compressions? An observational study from the Heartstart UK schools training programme
Authors: Ian Jones, Richard Whitfield, Michael Colquhoun, Douglas Chamberlain, Norman Vetter, Robert Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To determine at what age children can perform effective chest compressions for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Observational study.Four schools in Cardiff.157 children aged 9-14 years in three school year groups (ages 9-10, 11-12, and 13-14).Participants were taught basic life support skills in one lesson lasting 20 minutes.Effectiveness of chest compression during three minutes' continuous chest compression on a manikin.No year 5 pupil (age 9-10) was able to compress the manikin's chest to the depth recommended in guidelines (38-51 mm). 19% of pupils in year 7 (age 11-12) and 45% in year 9 (age 13-14) achieved adequate compression depth. Only the 13-14 year olds performed chest compression as well as adults in other reported studies. Compression depth showed a significant relation with children's age, weight, and height (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that, if the age and weight of the children were both known, the height (which is closely related to both) was no longer significant (P=0.95). No association was found between pupils' age, sex, weight, or height and the average rate of chest compressions over the three minute period. Similarly, no relation was found between year group and ability to place the hands in the correct position. During the three minutes' compression, compression rate increased and depth decreased.The children's ability to achieve an adequate depth of chest compression depended on their age and weight. The ability to provide the correct rate and to employ the correct hand position was similar across all the age ranges tested. Young children who are not yet physically able to compress the chest can learn the principles of chest compression as well as older children.
MEPs lead demand to get sudden unexplained deaths recognised as a syndrome
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The World Health Organization and national statistical offices are coming under pressure to officially recognise sudden death syndrome in a bid to reduce the number of unexplained deaths among healthy children and young adults.

   ![][1] 

Marc-Vivien Foe of the Cameroon, who collapsed and died during a football match in June

Credit: AP PHOTO/PATRICK GARDIN

The campaign is being led by two British Labour MEPs, Linda McAvan and Catherine Stihler. They point out that since cot deaths were officially recognised …

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CC chemokines and the receptors CCR3 and CCR5 are differentially expressed in the nonneoplastic leukocytic infiltrates of Hodgkin disease
Authors: Caroline Buri, Meike Körner, Patrik Schärli, Daniel Cefai, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Christoph Mueller, Jean A. Laissue, Luca Mazzucchelli
Journal: Blood (2001)
Risk factors for persistent wheezing in young children*1
Authors: V.P.L. Ferriani, J.M. Silva, A.A. Camara, K.R. Tobias, I.S. Macedo, M.R. Cardoso, E. Arruda, T.A.E. Platts-Mills, L.K. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)