tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Profile of young people's advice clinic in reproductive health, 1988-93
Authors: E C Williams, R J E Kirkman, M Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1994)

For an unprepared sexually active teenager the 1990s present a minefield of potential problems in addition to the most obvious problems of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. Promoting the importance of a healthy sexual and reproductive life to young people requires openness, better sex education, realistic discussion of related issues, and provision of contraception, as well as support if things go wrong. The Woodhouse Park Clinic in south Manchester opened in October 1988 with the aim of providing weekly advice sessions to young people up to the age of 18. Advice is given on topics such as substance misuse and smoking as well as on family planning. Attendance has steadily increased over the years; from April to June 1993 the average number of attenders per session was 39, one third of whom were young men.Opened in October 1988, Woodhouse Park Clinic serves Wythenshawe, a large council housing estate in south Manchester. The district has a total population of 48,072, with an average conception rate over the period 1989-91 of 17.1/1000 among girls aged 11-15. The clinic was opened with the goal of providing weekly advice sessions to young people up to the age of 18 years, along with advice on topics such as substance misuse, smoking, and family planning. The authors describe how in 1986 family planning managers, school nurses, and the local midwife and parentcraft tutor planned the weekly clinic intended to lower the rates of teenage pregnancy in the area. One two-hour clinic session was held from 3:30 P.M. to 5:30 P.M. each Thursday in a multipurpose community health center, staffed by two female school nurses, the female midwife and parentcraft tutor, and one female family planning doctor. Program launching, facilities, consultation, pregnancy tests, clinic management, and attendances are described. Attendance increased steadily over the years, with an average of 39 attendees per session over the period April-June 1993; young men comprised one-third of those who attended.
Development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the double knockout mice with disruption of insulin receptor substrate-1 and beta cell glucokinase genes. Genetic reconstitution of diabetes as a polygenic disease.
Authors: Y Terauchi, K Iwamoto, H Tamemoto, K Komeda, C Ishii, Y Kanazawa, N Asanuma, T Aizawa, Y Akanuma, K Yasuda, T Kodama, K Tobe, Y Yazaki, T Kadowaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is considered a polygenic disorder in which insulin resistance and insulin secretory defect are the major etiologic factors. Homozygous mice with insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene knockout showed normal glucose tolerance associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Heterozygous mice with beta cell glucokinase (GK) gene knockout showed impaired glucose tolerance due to decreased insulin secretion to glucose. To elucidate the interplay between insulin resistance and insulin secretory defect for the development of NIDDM, we generated double knockout mice with disruption of IRS-1 and beta cell GK genes by crossing the mice with each of the single gene knockout. The double knockout mice developed overt diabetes. Blood glucose levels 120 min after intraperitoneal glucose load (1.5 mg/g body wt) were 108 +/- 24 (wild type), 95 +/- 26 (IRS-1 knockout), 159 +/- 68 (GK knockout), and 210 +/- 38 (double knockout) mg/dl (mean +/- SD) (double versus wild type, IRS-1, or GK; P < 0.01). The double knockout mice showed fasting hyperinsulinemia and selective hyperplasia of the beta cells as the IRS-1 knockout mice (fasting insulin levels: 0.38 +/- 0.30 [double knockout], 0.35 +/- 0.27 [IRS-1 knockout] versus 0.25 +/- 0.12 [wild type] ng/ml) (proportion of areas of insulin-positive cells to the pancreas: 1.18 +/- 0.68%; P < 0.01 [double knockout], 1.20 +/- 0.93%; P < 0.05 [IRS-1 knockout] versus 0.54 +/- 0.26% [wild type]), but impaired insulin secretion to glucose (the ratio of increment of insulin to that of glucose during the first 30 min after load: 31 [double knockout] versus 163 [wild type] or 183 [IRS-1 knockout] ng insulin/mg glucose x 10(3)). In conclusion, the genetic abnormalities, each of which is nondiabetogenic by itself, cause overt diabetes if they coexist. This report provides the first genetic reconstitution of NIDDM as a polygenic disorder in mice.
Imipramine Hydrochloride Intoxication
Authors: Harvey F. Garrison
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Tofrānil) is a dibenzazepine closely related to chlorpromazine in its chemical structure, but having a quite different pharmacologie action. Imipramine was found to have a specific effect in dispelling depression. In 1957 Kuhn published the first paper on the treatment of depressive states with imipramine. Its exact mode of action is as yet not clearly defined. Its most useful action has been in periodic endogenous depressive states, in which it often eliminates the need for electroconvulsive therapy or markedly reduces the number of shock treatments needed. The recommended adult dosage is 75 to 100 mg. daily in divided amounts. This may be increased according to response and tolerance, but generally it is not necessary to exceed 200 mg. daily. In the early investigative work, side effects described were: sweating, dryness of the mouth, giddiness, tachycardia, constipation, urinary frequency or retention, disturbances of accommodation, fine and coarse tremors, and
Sex Differences in the Impact of Coexistent Diabetes on Survival in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Youlian Liao, Richard S Cooper, Jalal K Ghali, David Lansky, Guichan Cao, John Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sex difference in the impact of diabetes on survival in patients with coronary heart disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cohort study based on a sample from a hospital registry in Chicago, IL. A total of 974 consecutive patients (585 men and 389 women) with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease were followed for 4.6 yr. RESULTS At baseline, 160 men and 155 women had diabetes. The age-adjusted relative risk of death from all causes for patients with diabetes versus patients without diabetes was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.65–1.34) in men and 1.99 (95% CI 1.30–3.05) in women. For cardiac death, the corresponding relative risk was 1.00 (95% CI 0.64–1.56) and 1.96 (95% CI 1.19–3.24) in men and women, respectively. Baseline differences in age, hypertension, body mass index, number of diseased vessels, and ejection fraction did not fully explain the excess mortality risk in diabetic women. Excess risk was apparent in both cardiac and noncardiovascular categories. Among nondiabetic patients, the risk of death was significantly lower in women compared with men (multivariate-adjusted relative risk = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.89). However, the mortality risk of diabetic women became similar to men as a whole (relative risk =1.13, 95% CI 0.80–1.60). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes confers a substantially higher risk of mortality in women than in men when it occurs in the presence of coronary heart disease.
Robert Graham Crawford
Authors: Mary Emson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Engineer who invented computed tomography and won the Nobel prize for medicine Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented the computed tomographic scanner, and thus made an incomparable contribution to medicine.An engineer, he conceived the idea of computed tomography during a weekend ramble in 1967.Initially it had nothing to do with medicine but was simply "a realisation that you could determine what was in a box by taking readings at all angles through it."Back in his workshop at EMI research laboratories in Hayes, Middlesex, he began work on a computerised device that could process hundreds of x ray beams to obtain a two-dimensional display of the soft tissues inside a living organism.By recording on sensors rather than x ray film and taking multiple pictures from a rotating photon source, a series of "slices" could be photographed that showed the different density of tissues.By making a series of such photographs at close intervals, it was then possible to have a three-dimensional image.The mathematics behind this was phenomenal, and other more powerful and better resourced research teams had, unknown to Hounsfield, considered the idea and dismissed it as unworkable.Soon he was practising on the head of a cow that a colleague obtained from a kosher slaughterhouse in east London, and he submitted his own brain for the first live human scan.The first patient was scanned in September 1971 at Atkinson Morley's Hospital in Wimbledon with the radiologist James Ambrose.The patient had a sus-
Abstract LB-284: Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells develop into myeloid-derived suppressor cells at metastatic sites.
Authors: Amber Giles, Yorleny Vicioso, Christianne Persenaire, Miki Kasai, Steven Highfill, Arnulfo Mendoza, Rosandra Kaplan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The ability of tumor cells to metastasize to distant tissues is the most lethal aspect of cancer. Prior to detectable metastasis tumors elicit distant changes within the bone marrow and future sites of metastasis, including formation of the pre-metastatic niche. We have found that prior to detectable spontaneous metastasis, a primary tumor causes enhanced production and mobilization of progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the blood. We find in cancer patients that increased circulating progenitors are associated with metastatic disease progression. By utilizing bone marrow transplant models and a novel ex vivo lung culture, we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived progenitor cells accumulate at the primary tumor as well as metastatic lesions. As our cancer models approach detectable spontaneous metastases, we observe a loss of progenitor cells in pre-metastatic sites and an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We further traced adoptively transferred bone marrow-derived progenitors in tumor-bearing mice and demonstrate that these cells contribute to the MDSC population. Together, these data suggest that circulating progenitor cells provide a prognostic tool to predict metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, these cells likely contribute to metastatic progression by developing into MDSCs within the primary tumor and at metastatic sites. Citation Format: Amber Giles, Yorleny Vicioso, Christianne Persenaire, Miki Kasai, Steven Highfill, Arnulfo Mendoza, Rosandra Kaplan. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells develop into myeloid-derived suppressor cells at metastatic sites. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-284. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-284
The Employment of "Polar-Body" Developing Strains of the Gonococcus in Treatment of Gonococcal Infection
Authors: E. C. Lambkin, L. Dimond
Journal: BMJ (1927)

BECTION OF VENEREAL DISEASES. of bismuth was 0.2 gram daily.He asked whether the blue line on the gums, a common concomitant of bismuth therapy, contraindicated the continuance of the treatment.Dr. MARY MACNICOL (Edinburgh) said that she had been using bismuth now for three years as an adjuvant of arsenic, and thought it more valuable than mercury.Tn
Insulin Pump Therapy Reconsidered
Authors: Frank K. Thorp
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It has been recognized for some time that the traditional methods of treating type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) with a program of one or two daily insulin injections and diet and exercise planning are quite imperfect. With the advent of home blood glucose—monitoring techniques and glycosylated hemoglobin determinations, it is evident that many persons with diabetes have a degree of hyperglycemia sufficient to contribute to development of devastating longterm complications. Ultimately, it is hoped that advances in the field of islet cell transplantation or pancreas transplantation will allow more physiologic control of blood glucose levels. In the interim, efforts to improve insulin administration have resulted in the development of a myriad of electromechanical pump devices. These insulin infusion devices are designed to mimic the natural pattern of insulin release by providing both a continuous, variable small supply of insulin and extra boluses of insulin prior to eating. Now
Moulage
Authors: Fleta N. Bray, Brian J. Simmons, Leyre Ainara Falto-Aizpurua, Robert Denison Griffith, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Short-Term Exenatide Treatment Leads to Significant Weight Loss in a Subset of Obese Women Without Diabetes
Authors: Jody Dushay, Chuanyun Gao, Gosala S. Gopalakrishnan, Meghan Crawley, Emilie K. Mitten, Elissa Wilker, Janet Mullington, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide on weight loss and metabolic parameters in obese nondiabetic women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-one obese women (aged 48 ± 11 years and BMI 33.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) participated in a 35-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, including two 16-week treatment periods separated by a 3-week washout period. There was no lifestyle intervention. The primary outcome was change in body weight. RESULTS Subjects treated with exenatide lost an average of 2.49 ± 0.66 kg compared with a 0.43 ± 0.63 kg weight gain during placebo treatment. Weight loss with exenatide treatment was noted at 2 weeks. The degree of weight loss could be stratified. A total of 30% of subjects were high responders who lost ≥5% body weight (−7.96 ± 0.52%), 39% were moderate responders who lost &amp;lt;5% body weight (−2.43 ± 0.45%), and 31% were nonresponders who gained weight (1.93 ± 0.53%). Waist circumference also decreased significantly with exenatide treatment. Subjects experienced more nausea during exenatide treatment compared with placebo, but the severity decreased over time and did not correlate with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exenatide treatment was associated with modest weight loss and decreased waist circumference in a cohort of obese nondiabetic women. A subset of individuals demonstrated robust weight loss that was detected very early in the course of treatment.
Letters to a young doctor. Overseas doctors.
Authors: P Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A detailed critique of the available data followed by the views of a clinical pharmacologist (A Breckenridge pp 37-8) and some overall conclusions (G Rose pp 39-40).Hitchings RA.Beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma.Br MedJ3 1982;285:84-5.An up to date editorial that concludes that timolol maleate is a major advance in the medical management of this condition.Lebrec D, Poynard T, Hillon P, Benhamou J-P.Propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a con- trolled study.N EnglJ7 Med 1981;305:1371-4.Of 74 patients 96', who were randomly assigned to propranolol were free from recurrent bleeding at one year compared with 50% of patients treated with placebo.Loeb HS, Bredakis J, Gunnar RM.Superiority of dobutamine over dopa- mine for augmentation of cardiac output in patients with chronic low output cardiac failure.Circulation 1977;55:375-81.The acute haemodynamic effects were compared in 13 patients (cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease) receiving digitalis and diuretics.Man In 'T Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA.Pindolol acts as beta-adrenoceptor agonist in orthostatic hypotension: therapeutic implications.Br
Paternal Immunoglobulin Abnormalities in Congenital Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Charles H. Kirkpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The serums of relatives of male children with hypogammaglobulinemia were examined for the content of immunoglobulins. In three instances the concentration of IgM was low in the fathers and in two of these cases the same abnormality was also found in the paternal grandfathers. In a fourth family the father had generalized hypogammaglobulinemia and the paternal grandmother had a low concentration of IgM. Abnormalities were not found in the mothers. These observations suggest a role for paternal genetic factors in the inheritance of some forms of hypogammaglobulinemia. Although the number of cases studied to date is small, it is possible that these abnormalities may identify the male carrier of this disorder and facilitate genetic counseling.
The effect of encapsulation of cardiac stem cells within matrix-enriched hydrogel capsules on cell survival, post-ischemic cell retention and cardiac function
Authors: Audrey E. Mayfield, Everad L. Tilokee, Nicholas Latham, Brian McNeill, Bu-Khanh Lam, Marc Ruel, Erik J. Suuronen, David W. Courtman, Duncan J. Stewart, Darryl R. Davis
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Iodine Content of Prenatal Multivitamins in the United States
Authors: Angela M. Leung, Elizabeth N. Pearce, Lewis E. Braverman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Normal thyroid function in fetuses and breast-fed infants, which is dependent on sufficient maternal dietary intake of iodine, is crucial for normal neurocognitive development.1 Children of mothers with severe iodine deficiency may have cretinism. Iodine deficiency affects more than 2.2 billion persons (38% of the world's population) and is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide.2 Even mild iodine deficiency may have adverse effects on the cognitive function of children.1 National surveys including the first and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I and III) and NHANES 2001–2002 have reported a decrease of approximately . . .
PSYCHIATRIC AND MEDICOLEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC AND ENDOCRINOLOGIC RESEARCH IN SEX DETERMINATION
Authors: KARL M. BOWMAN, BERNICE ENGLE, MARJORIE MERGENER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

This paper has discussed some of the latest discoveries in genetics and in endocrinology and their psychiatric significance. We now know Mongolian idiocy is due to an abnormal condition of the 19th alleles and that it may be associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. It seems likely that a whole series of psychiatric conditions will soon be linked up with disorders of the chromosomes. We realize the importance of the sex hormones. Both the androgens and estrogens are composed of numerous different substances. We do not know the potencies of each one of them nor have we adequate knowledge to correctly quantitate some of them. These are only two of many illustrations that might be given. This spectacular breakthrough is just beginning and the next 10 to 20 years will see still greater additions to our knowledge. After this paper was presented, a basic question was raised by two articles(28, 29) in Lancet for July 16, 1960. The first article reported 2 cases of true hermaphroditism. "The basic diploid chromosome number in each is 46 and the sex chromosome constitution is interpreted as XX. In one patient 18.5% of cells had a chromosome count of 47. Despite the presence of a testis in one case and an ovotestis in the other, no Y chromosome was present." The second article reported one case of true hermaphroditism with 46 chromosomes and "the chromosomal constitution was found to be XX, indicating female sex." It cites 2 articles published a few months previously, each of which reported one case of true hermaphroditism with the sex chromosomes being XX. All this material raises a basic question as to whether the Y chromosome is necessary for the presence of a testis or an ovotestis.
Careers of doctors qualifying in Britain in 1974
Authors: J Parkhouse
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Neither of the patients had used other drugs, changed their diet, had any serious illness, or taken more of either medicine than the recommended dose.Both patients were being assessed regularly in an experienced thrombosis service centre.Flurbiprofen is a known in-vitro inhibitor of platelet release and to a lesser degree platelet aggregation.2It has been successfully used in a patient with spontaneous platelet aggregation.4Unfortunately, the bleeding time was not assessed in these patients.A prolonged bleeding time, however, does not account for a prolongation of the prothrombin time as observed in these patients.The only documented investigation of an interaction between flurbiprofen and a coumarin (phenprocoumon) showed slightly enhanced anticoagulation.The authors con- sidered the interaction of little clinical importance.5We recommend that if these drugs are used concurrently, the Thrombotest time should be monitored regularly.Additional prospective interaction studies are required.
Coronary Ostial Stenosis
Authors: JAMES D. YATES, MARVIN M. KIRSH, THOMAS M. SODEMAN, JOSEPH A. WALTON, JAMES F. BRYMER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Eight patients developing coronary ostial stenosis following Starr-Edwards aortic valve placement are reviewed. Coronary perfusion with a balloon tip perfusion catheter was performed during the intraoperative period on all patients and was considered technically satisfactory. Angina pectoris developed within six months of surgery in seven of eight patients and left main coronary artery occlusive disease was demonstrated in each of these cases. One patient who did not develop angina pectoris had right coronary artery narrowing without intraoperative perfusion of this vessel. All patients were reoperated, five survived, two are free of symptoms. Coronary ostial stenosis is a clinically recognizable complication of aortic valve replacement with potential for surgical correction.