tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Six Cases of Cardiovascular Disorder with Peripheral Neuritis
Authors: E. Leigh, A. R. Hazelton
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Six cases were chosen from among many men suffering from a common complaint in a P.O.W. camp in Siam.Typical was a healthy-looking young male who complained of breathlessness on walking on the level, palpitation, and occasional precordial pain.The symptoms resembled those of effort syndrome.A history of malaria (several attacks), diarrhoea, or nutritional oedema was obtained, but none of diseases predisposing to cardiac disorders.There was no advantage to be gained by malingering at this period, nor was there any evidence of hysteria. Before ThiamineOn examination, tachycardia, abnormal increase of pulse rate on rising from the recumbent position, tumultuous heart action, some impurity of the mitral first sound, a clusive (pulse rate was reduced in 1 case, increased in 2, unaltered in 3).After Thiamine Each patient was then treated with thiamine, 17,000 units being given by intramuscular injection in a period of 13 days.During treatment the men were allowed to be up and about, and no change was made in their habits, occupation, or diets.After this treatment pilocarpine increased the pulse rate in all 6 cases (average increase, 14).Atropine reduced the pulse rate in all 6 (average decrease, 14).The stability of the vasomotor control was increased as sho-A,n by the results of injections of pilocarpine and atropine.Apparently at the high atmospheric temperature prevailing in Siam the effect of pilocarpine is to increase the pulse rate owing to reduced blood pressure secondary to vasodilatation.Atropine has the opposite effect.The side effects-salivation, dryness, etc.-indicated that there was no error in the use of the drugs.A fall in the recumbent pulse rate, varying from 14 to 28 per minute, occurred in 5 out of the 6 cases.The sixth remained stationary at 80.The discrepancy between recumbent and upright pulse rates fell from an average discrepancy of 16 to 8 in 5 out of 6 cases.Abnormalities in physical signs in the heart showed improvement in 4 out of the 5 cases showing them.The pistol shot sound in the groin in the recumbent position disappeared in 2 cases, was greatly reduced in 3 cases, and remained unaltered in the remaining case.Carotid sinus Case I (J.E. B.)Case 2 (G.B. S.) Case 3 (A.R. H.) Case 4 (H.H.) Case 5 (R. B.) Case 6 (D.E. S.)
Retrieval of Fragmented Pacemaker Catheter From the Heart
Authors: Kenneth R. Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With the increasing use of intravascular tubing for monitoring, parenteral administration of fluids, and cardiac pacing, one might expect to encounter occasional mishaps due to embolization of a fragmented catheter or even of an intact small catheter. In 1967, Massumi and Ross<sup>1</sup>removed a broken catheter from the superior vena cava and right ventricle with a snare-like device fashioned from a polyethylene catheter and a flexible guide wire. Similar foreign bodies have been removed by different approaches and techniques, such as the use of an ureteral stone catcher<sup>2</sup>and an endoscopic forceps.<sup>3</sup>As yet, no specific preassembled instrument is commercially available to perform these procedures. The present report describes the technique and instrument used to remove a broken catheter from the right side of the heart. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 70-year-old man was admitted to another hospital with a myocardial infarction and variable atrioventricular
Endothelial Release of Nitric Oxide Contributes to the Vasodilator Effect of Adenosine in Humans
Authors: Paul Smits, Stephen B. Williams, Deborah E. Lipson, Peter Banitt, Gerard A. Rongen, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The endogenous nucleoside adenosine plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during ischemia. Experimental data derived from animal models suggest that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the vasodilator effect of adenosine. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the endothelial release of NO contributes to adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Methods and Results Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to assess the forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to graded intra-arterial infusions of adenosine (1.5 to 500 μg/min). Dose-response curves were constructed before and during intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA) (2 mg/min, n=6) or vehicle (n=6). Before infusion of L-NMMA, adenosine caused a dose-dependent increase in FBF from 2.3 to 15.9 mL · min −1 · dL −1 . During concurrent infusion of L-NMMA, adenosine increased FBF from 1.7 to 10.0 mL · min −1 · dL −1 , and this change from baseline was significantly reduced compared with that before L-NMMA ( P &lt;.05). L-NMMA also attenuated the FBF response to adenosine when the basal constrictor effect of L-NMMA was prevented by coinfusion of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (n=6, P &lt;.01). In contrast, L-NMMA did not affect the FBF response to intra-arterial infusion of the endothelium-independent vasodilator verapamil (from 2.0 to 13.9 mL · min −1 · dL −1 before L-NMMA and from 1.3 to 13.6 mL · min −1 · dL −1 during L-NMMA; n=6, P =NS). The second objective of this study was to determine whether the adenosine-induced release of NO is mediated by activation of endothelial potassium channels, putatively coupled to adenosine receptors. Thus, the FBF response to adenosine was measured before and during infusion of the ATP-dependent potassium channel blocker tolbutamide (1 mg/min, n=6), or the potassium channel blocker quinidine (0.5 mg/min, n=6). The adenosine-mediated increments in FBF were not attenuated by either potassium channel blocker. Conclusions Adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans is mediated, at least in part, by endothelial release of NO. The transducing mechanism of this phenomenon is not known, but it does not appear to involve the activation of either ATP-dependent or quinidine-sensitive potassium channels.
Human serum transglutaminase and coeliac disease: correlation between serum and mucosal activity in an experimental model of rat small bowel enteropathy.
Authors: G D'Argenio, I Sorrentini, C Ciacci, S Spagnuolo, R Ventriglia, A de Chiara, G Mazzacca
Journal: Gut (1989)

Transglutaminase (TG) activity is increased in the mucosa of patients with coeliac disease. Among 18 patients with untreated coeliac disease we have found a significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in serum levels of TG activity (0.72 (0.23) mU/ml). There was no significant differences between 16 treated coeliacs (1.24 (0.28) mU/ml) and 30 normal controls (1.63 (0.42) mU/ml). To evaluate the connection between serum and mucosal TG activity we used the experimental model of methotrexate induced acute hypoplastic enteropathy in the rat. Transglutaminase activity was unchanged in serum and mucosa 24 and 48 hours after MTX administration, but increased in mucosa (2.606 (0.95) v basal 0.207 (0.026) mU/mg protein, p less than 0.001) and significantly decreased in serum at 72 hours (2.08 (0.38) v basal 5.56 (1.50) mU/ml, p less than 0.001) during intestinal cell proliferation. Activity of the enzyme in the mucosa and serum returned to baseline levels within 120 hours. This experimental animal model helps to explain the data of TG activity in human intestinal mucosa and serum reported in this study. Results are mean (SD).
Implantation of the wallstent for diffuse lesions in native coronary arteries and venous bypass grafts without subsequent anticoagulation
Authors: Antonio Colombo, Akira Itoh, Patrick Hall, Luigi Maiello, Carlo Di Mario, Simonetta Biengino, Massimo Ferraro, Giovanni Martini, Lucia Di Francesco, Leo Finci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Severe methaemoglobinaemia after flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Authors: R L Kotler, J Hansen-Flaschen, M P Casey
Journal: Thorax (1989)

A patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed severe cyanosis after bronchoscopy (oxygen saturation 34%) from methaemoglobinaemia. This was thought to be due to enhanced absorption of local anaesthetic from the nasopharynx or trachea as a result of candidiasis. The patient responded dramatically to intravenous methylene blue.
Pioneering geneticist Mary-Claire King receives the 2014 Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science
Authors: Jillian H. Hurst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The 2014 Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science has been awarded to Dr. Mary-Claire King, a pioneer in human genetics (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Dr. King discovered the BRCA1 gene locus that underlies hereditary breast cancer; additionally, she has been instrumental in utilizing DNA sequencing to identify missing persons. In her address to the American Society for Human Genetics in 2012, Dr. King stated that “In genetics, there are hard problems and incredibly hard problems, but we do not acknowledge any unsolvable problems. The most daunting task for us is not tackling new discovery but rather integrating discovery into a meaningful social context” (1). Dr. King has consistently taken on incredibly hard problems in genetics, and her work has had a profound influence on our understanding of the genetics of human disease, on the use of DNA to advance human rights and prosecute abuses of those rights, and on our view of the frontiers in genomic technologies.



Figure 1

Mary-Claire King is the winner of the 2014 Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science for bold and imaginative contributions to medical science and society.
Noninvasive Imaging of αVβ3 Function as a Predictor of the Antimigratory and Antiproliferative Effects of Dasatinib
Authors: Rebecca A. Dumont, Isabel Hildebrandt, Helen Su, Roland Haubner, Gerald Reischl, Johannes G. Czernin, Paul S. Mischel, Wolfgang A. Weber
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Src family kinases (SFKs) are commonly deregulated in cancer cells. Among other functions, SFKs are critical for cellular migration and invasion. SFK inhibitors are being studied as targeted cancer drugs, but there are no biomarkers for noninvasive assessment of SFK inhibition. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether imaging of alpha(V)beta(3) integrin activity with positron emission tomography (PET) and [(64)Cu]DOTA-cyclo-(Arg-Gly-Asp-dPhe-Lys) {[(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK)} can be used for monitoring response to the SFK inhibitor dasatinib. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing U87MG xenografts were gavaged daily over 72 hours with 72 or 95 mg/kg of dasatinib or vehicle. Tumor uptake of [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) was measured by small-animal PET. In parallel, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scans were performed to assess tumor metabolism in response to dasatinib treatment. Dasatinib significantly (P<0.0001) reduced [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) uptake by up to 59% in U87MG xenografts [2.10+/-0.14% injected dose/gram (ID/g) in the 95 mg/kg group and 3.12+/-0.18% ID/g in the 72 mg/kg group, versus 5.08+/-0.80% ID/g in controls]. In contrast, tumor FDG uptake showed no significant reduction with dasatinib therapy (8.13+/-0.45% ID/g in treated versus 10.39+/-1.04% ID/g in controls; P=0.170). Histologically, tumors were viable at the time of the follow-up PET scan but showed inhibition of focal adhesion kinase. Continued dasatinib treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth (tumor size on day 10 of therapy: 21.13+/-2.60 mm(2) in treated animals versus 122.50+/-17.68 mm(2) in controls; P=0.001). [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) may provide a sensitive means of monitoring tumor response to SFK inhibition in alpha(V)beta(3)-expressing cancers early in the course of therapy.
The hunt for "chemo wine"
Authors: J. Weir
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I was diagnosed with a blood related cancer a few years ago, and I had six months of chemotherapy. I was given a thorough briefing on what to expect from the treatment by my haematologist, but I had not considered the impact it would have on my wine drinking. Many people who have chemotherapy lose their desire for alcohol, but I am too enthusiastic about wine to let cancer get between me and the grape.

A week after my first chemotherapy session I developed a strange taste in my mouth. It was a mineral taste, a bit like clay, which coated the …
Martin M. Cummings and the National Library of Medicine
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies, Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

American medicine owes its vigor to sustenance from many institutions. Among the greatest of these is the National Library of Medicine. Science builds on its own past, but when access to that past is difficult, the growth of science must of necessity be slowed. As our medical science expanded after the Second World War at an unprecedented rate, the mounting pile of knowledge might have, by its sheer mass, defied easy access. Fortunately, through the Library's pioneering work in applying computer technology to bibliographic control and in developing, first, Index Medicus and, then, the on-line cousin MEDLINE, access was kept
Lipoprotein(a) stimulates growth of human mesangial cells and induces activation of phospholipase C via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins
Authors: Ulrich F. Mondorf, Albrecht Piiper, Martina Herrero, Hans-Georg Olbrich, Michael Bender, Werner Gross, Ernst Scheuermann, Helmut Geiger
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Uric Acid Stones
Authors: Robert F. Spataro
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Eason et al (240:670, 1978) describes the usefulness of alkalinization of the urine in the dissolution of uric acid stones. The efficacy of this treatment is now well documented. The difficulty is, as noted by Eason and colleagues, when the patient has obstruction of the collecting system. Retrograde catheterization has been used in such patients, and those references were quoted by the authors. An alternative approach is available for the obstructed patient with uric acid lithiasis. This involves the use of percutaneous nephrostomy for urinary diversion associated with the conservative medical treatment already well described. We have published an article describing this technique and the results in two patients,<sup>1</sup>which appeared after the article by Eason and co-authors. The use of percutaneous nephrostomy has increased as its safety and efficacy have been proved.<sup>2</sup>A two-catheter technique can also be used with percutaneous
Protein o-linked n-acetylglucosamine levels in the cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: L. Tardio, J. Andres, G. Herrero-Beaumont, R. Largo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein glycosylation by the addition of o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues is a widespread post-translational modification that has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of signal transduction pathways. This modification is catalysed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Despite the important role that has been described for this system in degenerative and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer9s and diabetes, the role of O-GlcNAc-glycosylation in osteoarthritis (OA) has not been considered previously. The authors analysed the O-GlcNAc glycosylation levels in the articular cartilage of patients with OA and the expression of the different isoforms of OGT. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Human cartilage was extracted from patients with knee OA during the joint replacement surgery (n=6), while healthy cartilage was obtained from the knee of age and sex-matched donors (n=6). The hyaline cartilage from the medial tibia was isolated and immediately frozen. Cartilage levels of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and OGT expression were assessed by western blot analysis employing specific antibodies. <h3>Results</h3> In human cartilage, OA was associated with a different level of O-NAcGlc in a variety of proteins with different molecular weights in comparison to the levels observed in the healthy cartilage. The authors have observed that human cartilage expressed at least three OGT isoforms that have been previously described in other tissues. OA was also associated with an altered expression of the OGT isoforms identified, in comparison to the expression observed in healthy cartilage. Surprisingly, the level of 110-KDa OGT isoform, that has been considered the most ubiquitous one, was not modified, while the 70 and the 85 kDa isoforms were differently regulated in human OA cartilage in comparison to healthy one. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results demonstrate that OA could be associated with a dysregulation in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway that could lead to an alteration of the level of O-GlcNAc-glycosylation in a variety of proteins. Our data support the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc protein modification mediated by the different OGT isoforms may play an important role in degenerative and age-related diseases.
Gut hormone responses after reconstructive surgery for ulcerative colitis.
Authors: G R Greenberg, A M Buchan, R S McLeod, P Preston, Z Cohen
Journal: Gut (1989)

After colectomy, continent ileal reservoirs are an accepted alternative to conventional ileostomy for patients with ulcerative colitis. To assess the effect of these reservoirs on digestive function, circulating and morphologic gut endocrine responses were measured in patients with a continent ileostomy or with a pelvic pouch and compared to patients with conventional ileostomy, with active ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. Eight subjects were studied in each group. Basal and postprandial plasma gastrin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide in both groups with ileal reservoirs were equivalent to controls. Basal plasma motilin and postprandial plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide were raised in ileal reservoir patients, but similar changes also occurred in ulcerative colitis patients and those with conventional ileostomy. In one half of patients, cell populations of enteroglucagon, peptide YY, and neurotensin were decreased in pouch mucosa that corresponded with the presence of mucosal inflammation. On the other hand, with pouch inflammation vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive nerves were increased and a proportion of the fibres were moderately coarsened. Mucosal concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide did not, however, exceed that of controls. After an ileal reservoir sufficient reserve remains for gut hormone release into the circulation, suggesting compensation for the presence of a reservoir and the absence of a colon; circulating hormone changes do occur but are consequent upon previous ulcerative colitis. Reservoirs may show neuromorphologic alterations that appear to be related to mucosal inflammation.
The problem with brain GUTs: Conflation of different senses of “prediction” threatens metaphysical disaster
Authors: Michael L. Anderson, Tony Chemero
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Clark appears to be moving toward epistemic internalism, which he once rightly rejected. This results from a double over-interpretation of predictive coding's significance. First, Clark argues that predictive coding offers a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) of brain function. Second, he over-reads its epistemic import, perhaps even conflating causal and epistemic mediators. We argue instead for a plurality of neurofunctional principles.
The Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Modulating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated, Blood-perfused Rat Lung
Authors: YEN-TA LU, SHU F. LIU, JANE A. MITCHELL, ASRAR B. MALIK, PAUL G. HELLEWELL, TIMOTHY W. EVANS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lung injury occurs after various clinical procedures, including cardiopulmonary bypass. It is not clear whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is protective or injurious in lungs subjected to IR. Thus, in this study we examined the contribution of endogenous NO to IR injury in isolated, blood-perfused rat lungs. Lungs of male Wistar rats (300 g) were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 180 min reperfusion (I30R180). Lungs were sampled for inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) mRNA expression (each n = 3) and NOS enzyme activity (each n = 4) at different time points. NOS inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (10− 4 M) and aminoguanidine (10− 4 M) were used to study the contribution of NO to IR injury in lungs subjected to I30R30 and I30R180. The contribution of i-NOS to IR lung injury was studied by inducing i-NOS enzyme with Salmonella lipopolysaccharide, followed by I30R30. We found that ischemia-reperfusion alone can upregulate i-NOS mRNA and i-NOS enzyme activity (p < 0.05, ANOVA), but downregulate constitutive NOS enzyme activity over 180 min reperfusion. Endogenously produced NO is protective against lung injury in I30R180 in normal rats and lung injury in I30R30 in septic rats. NO is also pivotal in maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis in septic rat lungs undergoing IR.
Gastrointestinal Myiasis
Authors: Arthur S. Lurie, Robert Lein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

GASTROINTESTINAL myiasis occurs when the * eggs or maggots of flies are accidentally swallowed. The finding of live maggots in a freshly passed stool specimen is uncommon, and for that reason we wish to report the following cae:Case ReportA 25-year-old male construction worker was admitted to the Salem Hospital Out-Patient Department with the chief complaint of "diarrhea and worms" of 2 days' duration. On the day before admission he had noted the onset of 4 loose stools. On the day of admission he began to have "gas" pains and abdominal distress. Nevertheless, he went to work and during . . .
National Assessment of Human Health Effects of Climate Change in Portugal: Approach and Key Findings
Authors: Elsa Casimiro, Jose Calheiros, Filipe Duarte Santos, Sari Kovats
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in Portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. The assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. The annual heat-related death rates in Lisbon may increase from between 5.4 and 6 per 100,000 in 1980-1998 to between 8.5 and 12.1 by the 2020s and to a maximum of 29.5 by the 2050s, if no adaptations occur. The projected warmer and more variable weather may result in better dispersion of nitrogen dioxide levels in winter, whereas the higher temperatures may reduce air quality during the warmer months by increasing tropospheric ozone levels. We estimated the future risk of zoonoses using ecologic scenarios to describe future changes in vectors and parasites. Malaria and schistosomiasis, which are currently not endemic in Portugal, are more sensitive to the introduction of infected vectors than to temperature changes. Higher temperatures may increase the transmission risk of zoonoses that are currently endemic to Portugal, such as leishmaniasis, Lyme disease, and Mediterranean spotted fever.
New Look at HL-A Typing — Importance of the Four Antigens
Authors: John A. Mannick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

When kidney transplantation became clinically feasible about 10 years ago, with the availability of adequate immunosuppressive drugs, the universal hope of workers in this new field was that the task of combating the rejection response of the kidney recipient against his transplant someday might be reduced, if not eliminated, if the prospective organ donor and recipient were matched for tissue isoantigens that could induce the transplantation immune response. Investigation of the possibility of "tissue typing" quickly began in a number of laboratories throughout the world.From the study of large numbers of persons known to have circulating antibodies against the . . .