tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CASE OF FATAL HEMORRHAGE FROM A VARIX OF THE PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS.
Authors: R. C. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

J. A., V-para, aged 40, seven months pregnant, was first seen by the writer on June 5, 1901, in consultation with Dr. C. T. Sweeney at the Montana Deaconess Hospital. Her history showed that on May 28 and 29 last she had driven into Great Falls from her ranch fifty miles distant, sleeping the intervening night in her wagon on the road. On the 30th and 31st she had worked very hard re-papering a house occupied by her husband, who worked in the city as a plasterer, while June 1 was spent in purchasing supplies to take back to the ranch, which necessitated nearly the whole day's walking about or standing in stores. About midnight on the latter date she was awakened by a series of griping pains in the lower abdomen, and called Dr. Sweeney, who reports that the pains, while severe, were unattended by any symptoms of shock,
Why do the results of randomised and observational studies differ?
Authors: J. P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Statistical theory conflicts with empirical findings in several areas of research

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6829), Tzoulaki and colleagues found that cardiovascular risk markers show less predictive power in secondary analyses of data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) than in observational studies that were set up to investigate these markers.1 Why would this be?

For decades the question of “which are better?”—randomised trials or observational studies—has been debated. We now have not only theory, but also evidence in three different areas—effects of treatment, adverse effects, and biomarkers. Theory predicts that randomised trials are superior when investigating the hoped for effects of treatments. In daily practice, treatment depends on the perceived prognosis of a patient, so any effect of treatment becomes inextricably intermingled with prognosis. Therefore, data from daily medical practice cannot be used to investigate the intended effects of treatments. Trials with concealed randomisation are needed to obtain the right answers. However, empirical proof that observational studies of treatment are widely off the mark has been surprisingly elusive.2 Four meta-analyses contrasting RCTs and observational studies of treatment found no large systematic differences (Benson 2000, Concato 2000, MacLehose 2000, Ioannidis 2001).2 The first and second found no difference, with RCTs showing larger variation in the …
Abstract 2388: Dendrimer-mediated multivalent binding strongly captures tumor cells
Authors: Ja Hye Myung, Khyati A. Gajjar, Jelena Saric, David T. Eddington, Seungpyo Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multivalent interactions, simultaneous binding of multiple ligands toward their multiple receptors, commonly occur in physiological and pathological events, which have been utilized to enhance targeting efficacy. The multivalent binding can be leveraged to develop an extremely sensitive device for detection of rare cells such as circulating tumor cell (CTC). Accurate enumeration of CTCs is of clinical importance in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer metastasis; however the rareness of CTCs, comprising as few as one tumor cell in the background of one million-one billion of normal blood cells, has made the effective detection of the cells extremely difficult. Here we report a novel surface chemistry that utilizes the multivalent effect for a highly stable cancer cell capture. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been reported as an excellent multivalent binding mediator due to their deformability and multiple functional groups. PAMAM dendrimers were conjugated with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecules (aEpCAM), a commonly used antibody for CTC detection. A direct, quantitative analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed that the aEpCAM-dendrimer conjugates exhibited a dramatically enhanced binding avidity by a million-fold, compared to free aEpCAM. Dendrimers and aEpCAM were successfully immobilized on the surfaces, as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The surfaces were tested using in vitro cell lines (MDA-MB-361, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cells as a CTC model). Surface immobilization of the dendrimer-aEpCAM conjugates resulted in a significantly enhanced tumor cell detection than the surfaces with the linear PEG-aEpCAM conjugates by ∼1.9 fold with higher binding stability over agitation (up to 69.1-fold). The enhancement through dendrimer-mediated multivalent binding effect was further increased up to 7-fold with addition of E-selectin that recruits the cancer cells onto the surface and induces their rolling under flow. This study demonstrates a novel surface engineering approach to exploiting the strong multivalent binding for sensitive detection of tumor cells, which has great potential for clinically significant detection of CTCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2388. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2388
An economic analysis of different strategies of immunization against hepatitis a virus in developed countries
Authors: Ananya Das
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Acute hepatitis A is a major public health problem in developed countries, and because a large proportion of patients with acute hepatitis A do not have any identifiable risk factors, current practice of targeting the high-risk groups for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) is unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall incidence of acute hepatitis A. No economic analysis of strategies of mass immunization against HAV is available. Three different strategies of immunization against HAV using commercially available inactivated vaccine were compared in a Markov model analysis of a cohort of 2-year-old healthy children in a developed country. In strategy I, universal vaccination was pursued. In strategy II, children were initially screened for antibody and, if susceptible, they were vaccinated. In strategy III, no vaccination was offered. Cost per person and quality adjusted life-years (QALY) gained in each strategy were the outcome measures compared. The baseline analysis showed that strategy II is more cost-effective than strategy I, with marginal cost-effectiveness ratios of $7,267. 67 and $12,833.34, respectively, compared with a strategy of no intervention. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the cost of the two-dose vaccine could be reduced to less than $57, the strategy of universal vaccination would be the preferred immunization strategy. Different strategies of mass immunization against HAV in the developed countries are cost-effective by current standards of health care interventions and should be considered for incorporation into current childhood immunization programs.
Prolongation of survival after circumflex artery ligation by treatment with massive doses of insulin
Authors: N. Hiatt, J. A. Sheinkopf, N. E. Warner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Insulin was administered to dogs with ligation of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Large doses (1) suppressed premature ventricular contractions, paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, (2) reduced electrocardiographic evidence of early myocardial damage, and (3) prolonged survival considerably. The massive doses of insulin did no apparent harm; blood glucose was easily kept at the normal level by continuous infusion of 10% glucose solution.
Nature of the Renal Concentrating Defect in Sickle Cell Disease*
Authors: Fred E. Hatch, James W. Culbertson, Lemuel W. Diggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Free water reabsorption (TcH2O) measured during 10% mannitol diuresis and subsequently during 3% saline diuresis was compared in patients with sickle cell anemia and in normal subjects. During mannitol infusion, TcH2O progressively rose with increasing osmolar clearance (Cosm) and reached a maximal level in both groups studied. During hypertonic saline diuresis, TcH2O progressively rose in the normal subjects and exceeded the maximal levels attained during mannitol diuresis, with no evidence of a maximal TcH2O level appearing. In contrast, none of the saline curves significantly exceeded the mannitol curves in the sickle cell patients but tended to parallel the mannitol curves at comparable rates of solute clearance.
Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion. Suppression of cholecystokinin release by trypsin.
Authors: C Owyang, D S Louie, D Tatum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion occurs in rats. Whether such a system exists in man remains unsettled and the responsible mechanism is unknown. To investigate this question gastrointestinal intubation and perfusion were performed in 12 healthy subjects. Intraduodenal perfusion of trypsin-inhibited phenylalanine-, oleic acid-, and meal-stimulated chymotrypsin and lipase outputs in a dose-related manner. The minimal concentration of bovine trypsin needed to inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion was 0.5 g/liter. 1 g/liter caused a maximal suppression of 35 +/- 4% of the phenylalanine-stimulated chymotrypsin release. This inhibitory effect was protease-specific. Intraduodenal perfusion of phenylalanine and oleic acid increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) from a basal level of 0.9 +/- 0.06 to 5.3 +/- 0.9 pM and 7.2 +/- 1.3 pM, respectively. Addition of bovine trypsin to the perfusates significantly reduced the plasma CCK level to basal values. This inhibitory effect of trypsin on CCK release was dose dependent and specific to proteases. Therefore, the present studies indicate that feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion is operative in man and it is mediated by release of CCK.
Hypofibrinogenemia induced by prednisolone therapy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Norio Yokose, Kiyoyuki Ogata, Kayo Nakamura, Keiko Kamikubo, Hideto Tamura, Emi An, Kazuo Dan, Takeo Nomura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)
Premenstrual Syndrome: Evidence for Symptom Stability Across Cycles
Authors: Miki Bloch, Peter J. Schmidt, David R. Rubinow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This study assessed cycle to cycle symptom stability in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Symptom ratings obtained prospectively over three or more symptomatic cycles from 16 women with PMS were analyzed. Measures of symptom severity and change were used to generate a coefficient of variation and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each one of 14 symptoms across all cycles. In addition, symptoms were divided into three clusters, and the stability of the rank order of severity of symptoms within clusters and the correlation between symptom clusters were also calculated.In the 65 cycles studied, mood symptoms were the most prevalent. Mood symptoms--anxiety, irritability, and mood lability--had the lowest coefficients of variation but also the lowest ICCs of all symptoms. Within their respective symptom clusters, both physical and mood symptoms showed remarkable stability across cycles of their rank order of severity, but only the mood symptom cluster was highly correlated with functional impairment.Three mood symptoms--anxiety, irritability, and mood lability--were the most stable symptoms in this group of women with PMS. Mood and not somatic symptoms accounted for most of the functional impairment in this group of women. It is concluded that PMS is a stable syndrome that may best be viewed as part of the spectrum of recurrent mood disorders.
Patterns of Recovery from Drug-induced Bone Marrow Damage.
Authors: Anthony V. Pisciotta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Patterns of Recovery from Drug-induced Bone Marrow Damage.Anthony V. Pisciotta, M.D., F.A.C.P., Amado S. Santos, M.D., Charlotte Keller, B.A.Anthony V. Pisciotta, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Amado S. Santos, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charlotte Keller, B.A.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-327_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere have been numerous publications regarding patterns of recovery in peripheral blood and bone marrow following radiation injury to the marrow. On the other hand, few publications have described the changes that characterize recovery from agranulocytosis resulting from idiosyncrasy to drugs.This study concerns the morphologic changes that occur in peripheral blood and bone marrow in 21 patients during recovery from agranulocytosis. Nineteen of these followed treatment with chlorpromazine, one with sulfonamides and one with ristocetin. Agranulocytosis was characterized by absence of granulocytes and monocytes, and by lymphopenia. The bone marrow showed aplasia in all. Restoration to normal hematologic values... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Milwaukee, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 327-327KeywordsBloodBone marrowChlorpromazineDrugsGranulocytesLymphopeniaMonocytesSulfonamide Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hospital-based Social Workers
Authors: C. F. J. Cropper
Journal: BMJ (1972)

benefit from this type of arrangement.Certainly there is present need to initiate controlled trials to measure the hospital effect on coronary patients.The only other data available,' on an in-hospital but non- randomized trial, indicate that the early re- duction of mortality in the coronary care unit is not sustained over time.It is for these reasons that we have sought professional criticism directed at the specifics of Dr. Mather's trial and with particular reference to any evidence of bias and selection beyond that clearly stated in the pre- liminary report.We have been unable to find any grounds for invalidation of the technique of this study.-I am, etc.,
Abstract SY20-04: Mechanisms of malignant progression
Authors: Robert A. Weinberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis is responsible for ∼90% of cancer-associated mortality, but we still have an incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Thus, we don't understand why certain primary tumor cells have a predilection to disseminate while others do not; why disseminated cancer cells can thrive in certain distant tissues but not in others; what adaptations disseminated cancer cells originating in one type of primary tumor must undergo in order to thrive in the microenvironment of a distant and potentially inhospitable tissue; and why certain indolent disseminated micrometastatic deposits suddenly erupt after great delay, generating life-threatening disseminated metastatic diseases. These and related issues will be examined in this session. Citation Format: Robert A. Weinberg. Mechanisms of malignant progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY20-04
Changes in chronic nightmares after one session of desensitization or rehearsal instructions
Authors: Robert Kellner, Joseph Neidhardt, Barry Krakow, Dorothy Pathak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of one session of instructions on the frequency of chronic nightmares and on self-rated distress.Twenty-eight volunteers with chronic nightmares (mean duration = 19 years) were treated with either one session of desensitization with instructions on how to practice this treatment or with one session of instructions to change the nightmare and how to rehearse the new version. The authors administered four scales of the SCL-90 and the corresponding scales of the Symptom Questionnaire.At 7-month follow-up of 23 patients, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of nightmares and significant decreases in self-rated depression, anxiety, and hostility. There were no significant differences between the effects of the two types of treatment. In four patients, whose mean duration of nightmares was 23 years, the nightmares ceased.The results of this preliminary study suggests that the instructions given to the patients reduced the frequency of their chronic nightmares and decreased their self-rated distress.
Does Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Therapy Protect against Pneumocystitis in AIDS?
Authors: Robert S. Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 March 1992Does Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Therapy Protect against Pneumocystitis in AIDS?Robert S. Klein, MDRobert S. Klein, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-524_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Heald and colleagues (1) report a higher pneumonia-free survival among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cerebral toxoplasmosis than among patients with AIDS and other severe opportunistic infections. They conclude that maintenance therapy of the former group with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine is likely to be effective prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This conclusion is logical, but further comment about its certainty is necessary.The investigators appropriately discuss the limitations of retrospective comparisons. They note that because the patients in the toxoplasmosis group had lower CD4 cell counts than did those in the other groups, the...References1. Heald A, Flepp M, and Chave J. Treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis protects against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:760-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mills J. Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with AIDS. Rev Infect Dis. 1986;8:1001-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kovacs J. Immunologic studies: epidemiologic and diagnostic implications. In: Masur H, moderator. Pneumocystis pneumonia: from bench to clinic. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:813-26. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. Heald A, Flepp M, and Chave J. Treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis protects against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:760-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert S. Klein, MDAffiliations: Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 6 Page: 524-524 Keywords AIDS Opportunistic infections Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Pneumonia Prophylaxis Pyrimethamine Toxoplasmosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 March 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Physical training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: Effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and ultrastructural abnormalities of leg muscles
Authors: Rainer Hambrecht, Josef Niebauer, Eduard Fiehn, Barbara Kälberer, Bertram Offner, Klaus Hauer, Urs Riede, Günter Schlierf, Wolfgang Kübler, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Local expression of ϵ germline gene transcripts and RNA for the ϵ heavy chain of IgE in the bronchial mucosa in atopic and nonatopic asthma
Authors: Sun Ying, Marc Humbert, Qiu Meng, Rudi Pfister, Gunter Menz, Hannah J. Gould, A.Barry Kay, Stephen R. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Identification of three novel frameshift mutations of the<i>MVK</i>gene in four Chinese families with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis
Authors: Y. Zhou, J. Liu, X. Fu, Y. Yu, B. Shi, G. Yu, Z. Shi, W. Wu, F. Pan, H. Tian, H. Liu, F. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)
Effect of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support on coronary artery flow velocity
Authors: Toyoji Nemoto, Kazuo Kimura, Tomoaki Shimizu, Yasuyuki Mochida, Masami Kosuge, Naomitsu Kuji, Toshiyuki Ishikawa, Naomichi Miyazaki, Osamu Tochikubo, Masao Ishii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effect of dihydrotestosterone on turnover of alcohol dehydrogenase in rat hepatocyte culture
Authors: Esteban Mezey, Lynda Rennie-Tankersley, James J. Potter
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Dihydrotestosterone decreased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and enzyme-protein in rat hepatocytes in culture. This effect was observed after the hepatocytes had been exposed to dihydrotestosterone for 3 days at concentrations of 0.5 μmol/L or higher. Dihydrotestosterone did not decrease alcohol dehydrogenase messenger RNA (mRNA) but, rather, resulted in small increases in ADH mRNA after 3 days of exposure. To further determine the mechanism for the effects of dihydrotestosterone in decreasing the enzyme, the turnover of ADH was determined after incorporation of [ 3 H]-leucine into the enzyme protein. Dihydrotestosterone did not alter the initial 2-hour incorporation of [ 3 H]-leucine into the enzyme protein. Dihydrotestosterone, however, resulted in an increase in the fractional rate of degradation (K d ) of the enzyme from 0.12 ± 0.013 to 0.23 ± 0.004 per hour ( P &lt; .001) accompanied by a much smaller increase in the fractional rate of synthesis (K s ) from 0.12 ± 0.028 to 0.17 ± 0.031 per hour ( P &gt; .05). Hence, the mechanism for the fall in ADH in the presence of dihydrotestosterone is an increase in enzyme degradation which is not accompanied by a sufficient increase in enzyme synthesis.
The Neurotic Edema (Hereditary Angioedema)
Authors: Fred S. Rosen, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Although sporadic descriptions of angioneurotic edema can be found in the nineteenth-century European medical literature, the paper of Sir William Osier in 1888 clearly established the clinical entity with impeccable detail.1 Osier pointed out the hereditary transmission of angioneurotic edema as an autosomal dominant phenomenon (in latter-day parlance) and the major clinical manifestations of the trait as recurrent episodes of circumscribed edema of the skin, recurrent bouts of abdominal colic, the sometimes fatal glottic edema and occasional geographical mottling of the skin. He concluded this brilliant manuscript by stating "that we have to do here with clinical facts and observations . . .
Ribavirin Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection in Infants With Underlying Cardiopulmonary Disease
Authors: Caroline Breese Hall
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Aerosolized ribavirin was evaluated in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease in 53 infants, 36 of whom had underlying diseases. Of the total infants, 26 were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner; 14 received ribavirin and 12 received placebo, a water aerosol, for an average of five days. When the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital heart disease treated with ribavirin were compared with those receiving placebo, the treated infants showed a significantly faster rate of improvement in their illness severity score. The degree of improvement in the total group of infants receiving ribavirin compared with those receiving placebo was similarly greater, and at the end of therapy significantly greater improvement was also demonstrated in their arterial blood gas values and in the amount of virus shed from their nasal washes. No toxic or adverse effects of the aerosol therapy were observed in any of the 53 infants studied, and resistance to ribavirin did not develop in any of the respiratory syncytial virus strains isolated, despite prolonged treatment in some of the more ill infants. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3047-3051)