tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Peritoneo-Pleural Communication in the Absence of Ascites
Authors: JOHN J. DALY, JONATHAN M. POTTS, LEONIE GORDON, MARIA G. BUSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Pleural effusion in the presence of cirrhosis and ascites is well recognized. Peritoneal fluid is thought to enter the pleural cavity either because of overloaded lymphatics or a structural defect between the peritoneal and chest cavities. Pleural effusion rarely occurs in the absence of demonstrable ascites. This report describes the scintigraphic diagnosis of peritoneo-pleural communication in a patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis and pleural effusion without ascites.
Fetal Hyperpyrexia with Phenelzine and Imipramine
Authors: B. Stanley, N. R. Pal
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MBDIcRTISH L 1011 injected contrast media, with the risk of dis- placing a fragment towards the thorax, would only seem justified if the fragment could be palpated.'The damaged Braunile was subsequently connected to a disposable giving-set and transfusion under pressure simulated with the aid of a Martin's pump.After 2 minutes the cannula fractured 2 cm.from the tip and the distal portion shot off.The cause of the fracture remains uncertain.It seems un- likely in view of the position (away from a joint) and the short period of use (under 2 hours) that it could be fatigue.A manu- facturing fault, undetected on insertion, can- not be ruled out, but the possibility of the cannula's being nicked by the bevel of the needle on withdrawal seems the most probable cause.Practical safeguards should include great care in the inspection, positioning, and inser- tion of the Braunule, especially in the with- drawal of the needle.On removal of the cannula it should be examined and measured to ensure that it has been entirely recovered.The advisability of pressure-transfusion through such a unit must be open to question.The suggestion in a B.M.7.editorial' that plastic materials for intravascular insertion should contain radio-opaque material should be implemented.
Microfibrillar meshwork of the synovial lining and associated broad banded collagen: a clue to identity.
Authors: J R Levick, J N McDonald
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The surface layer of synovial interstitium lining the rabbit knee was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Over a distance of 2-3 microns normal to the surface the interstitium contained a network of fine microfibrils (diameter 9.3 (0.7) nm, mean (SEM] which was quite dense in places (fractional area of projection 0.189 (0.023], and stained with ruthenium red. Periodic collagen fibrils were relatively scanty and fine (diameter 32 (2) nm) in this surface layer. Broad cross-striated bundles occurred in association with the microfibrils and B cells. These fibrous long spacing bundles (FLS) had a single period of 92.8 (2.8) nm with a broad dark band (37.6) (1.8) nm--so called 9zebra collagen9. Both the periodicity of the FLS and the morphological characteristics of the microfibrils are typical of type VI collagen, a widespread constituent of soft connective tissues. The functional importance of the inner microfibril network is likely to be mechanical, biochemical (glycosaminoglycan and glycoprotein entrapment), and to a very minor degree hydraulic resistance.
Severe Toxic Reactions and Death Following the Ingestion of Diethyltoluamide-Containing Insect Repellents
Authors: Milton Tenenbein
Journal: JAMA (1987)

N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the most commonly used mosquito repellent. This report describes five cases of toxic reactions after ingestion of insect repellents containing DEET. Each patient ingested large amounts of concentrated (47.5% to 95%) products. Their common symptoms and signs were coma, seizures, and hypotension occurring within one hour of ingestion. Two patients died; three survivors had no sequelae. The two patients who died had serum DEET levels of 0.88 mmol/L (16.8 mg/dL) and 1.25 mmol/L (24 mg/dL). It is concluded that the ingestion of DEET can produce severe toxic reactions of rapid onset that may be fatal in some instances.
Aurintricarboxylic acid in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis.
Authors: J Strony, M Phillips, D Brands, J Moake, B Adelman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Platelet thrombus formation occurs at sites of severe arterial narrowing where shear stress is elevated. Shear stress appears to induce platelet aggregation in vitro by means of initiation of von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that aurintricarboxylic acid can inhibit shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. This effect is mediated by aurintricarboxylic acid binding to von Willebrand factor; this binding results in inhibition of von Willebrand factor interaction with glycoprotein Ib. In this study, we examined the effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on platelet-dependent cyclic flow reductions (CFRs) in a canine coronary stenosis model. In dose-response experiments, six animals received 4 mg/kg aurintricarboxylic acid by bolus infusion, followed by 1 mg/kg every 10 minutes. Total inhibition of CFRs was observed in all animals after 6.7 mg/kg aurintricarboxylic acid; CFRs could not be reinitiated by the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619. Continuous infusion of epinephrine (0.4 micrograms/kg/min) caused CFRs to return; however, 3.7 mg/kg additional aurintricarboxylic acid again induced total inhibition of CFRs. In addition, five animals received a bolus infusion of 10 mg/kg aurintricarboxylic acid, which caused total inhibition of CFRs. The average area of stenosis in the constricted vessels was 83%, and shear stress at the site of constriction averaged 350 dynes/cm2. Aurintricarboxylic acid did not alter hemodynamics, thrombin time, platelet count, or ADP/epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. These data indicate that platelet glycoprotein Ib-von Willebrand factor interactions are important during coronary occlusion and that aurintricarboxylic acid can inhibit coronary thrombosis associated with coronary constriction.
The Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatrics
Authors: Richard R. Brookman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

For decades, standard pediatric textbooks have described in minute detail numerous disorders rarely encountered in a lifetime of practice. These same texts have devoted minimal space to the developmental and behavioral problems that may be encountered daily in medical care provision to children. They often have ignored techniques of assessment and management applicable to so many children of frustrated or frightened parents who seek the physician's advice. The recently emphasized need to integrate social, emotional, educational, and cultural factors into the medical care of children and guidance of their families has been hampered by the scarcity of appropriate learning aids. Dane Prugh has used his training, interest, and extensive experience in both pediatrics and child psychiatry to provide an excellent guide to the psychosocial dimensions of pediatric care. His comprehensive, well-organized text covers general principles, scientific theories, and specific clinical problems. He concentrates on disorders most likely to be managed
Abstract 464: Methylase meets phosphatase: roles of PRMT and EYA1 in neuroblastoma
Authors: Xingguo Li, Simeng Wang, Nina F. Schor
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma is a lethal childhood tumor characterized by increased oncoprotein MYCN expression. As strategies for modulation of MYCN function itself have proved challenging, targeting of MYCN's downstream effectors may provide an alternative option. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) has been reported as a MYCN target gene in neuroblastoma; high expression of PRMT1 is significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Importantly, PRMT1-deficient cells have been shown to be hypersensitive to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, suggesting that targeting PRMT1 may overcome drug resistance for patients with advanced neuroblastoma. However, the underlying mechanisms of how PRMT1 contributes to chemoresistance and tumor progression are still largely unknown. We report here that PRMT1 forms a novel complex with EYA1, a phosphatase and transcriptional coactivator that may serve as the crucial determinant of survival versus apoptotic responses to DNA damage through dephosphorylation of histones. Interestingly, we found that EYA1 is highly expressed in advanced neuroblastoma and that PRMT1 physically associates with EYA1 through direct interaction. Further, rendering EYA1 refractory to methylation by PRMT1 abolishes its phosphatase activity. These findings suggest that PRMT1 methylase, EYA1 phosphatase, and PRMT1-EYA1 may be druggable targets for the therapy of neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Xingguo Li, Simeng Wang, Nina F. Schor. Methylase meets phosphatase: roles of PRMT and EYA1 in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-464
A Conversation with Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., M.D.
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

When the directorship of the National Cancer Institute became vacant early this year, the search committee pondered "insider" versus "outsider" — and decided on one of NCI's most veteran insiders: Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., M.D., who joined the Institute in 1963, two years after graduation from the George Washington University School of Medicine. In a career in which he distinguished himself in chemotherapy research and, in particular, for developing treatment for Hodgkin's disease, DeVita filled various posts at NCI. These include: Head of the Solid Tumor Service, Chief of the Medicine Branch, Director of the Division of Cancer Treatment, and, . . .
C/EBPα and DEK coordinately regulate myeloid differentiation
Authors: Rositsa I. Koleva, Scott B. Ficarro, Hanna S. Radomska, Marlene J. Carrasco-Alfonso, John A. Alberta, James T. Webber, C. John Luckey, Guido Marcucci, Daniel G. Tenen, Jarrod A. Marto
Journal: Blood (2012)
Points from Letters: An Overpaid Profession?
Authors: J. L. Barnado
Journal: BMJ (1974)

some extent those retiring between 1969 and 1972 will be given less than their olleagues who retired after 24 March 1972.This means that there has to be for them a different formula from that for general practitioners retiring after 24 March 1972 and it is on this that there have been some-what protracted negotiations with the De- partment.We have certainly put every pressure on the Department to expedite matters and we hope that with the help of our professional expert advisers we -may be able to reach an early settlement."-ED.,
MALARIA TRANSMITTED BY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE
Authors: Nathan Flaxman
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In regard to the article inThe Journal, May 6, by Dr. O. C. Nickum on "Malaria Transmitted by Hypodermic Syringe," I should like to add this: There have been about twelve cases in the past year at this institution of malaria, proved by finding the organisms in the blood, in morphine addicts who took the drug intravenously. The first case I saw in April, 1932, and this addict stated that the condition was due to the fact that he had used another addict's syringe in taking a dose intravenously. He also stated that, as long as the user did not take the drug intravenously, he did not develop malaria. Recently there were six such cases in the Men's Building here, and four of them were in Dr. Samuel N. Feinberg's service. All of these patients belong to the same group of addicts, although they would not
Abstract 54: Marked reduction of sequence artifacts in massively parallel sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DNA by depletion of uracil containing templates.
Authors: Hongdo Do, Stephen Q. Wong, Jason Li, Alexander Dobrovic
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are commonly used for the detection of mutational biomarkers in cancer patients. One of the challenges associated with FFPE DNA in genetic testing is its high number of sequence artefacts, thus increasing the risk of false positive results particularly for low level mutations. We have previously shown that uracil lesions in FFPE DNA due to deamination of cytosines are the major cause of C:G&amp;gt;T:A sequence artefacts and pretreatment of damaged FFPE DNA with uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) prior to PCR amplification markedly reduces the C:G&amp;gt;T:A sequence artefacts using methodologies suitable for the testing of limited numbers of genomic loci. As the number of cancer associated mutations increases, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) approaches are increasingly necessary. In particular, the use of targeted amplicon based strategies is being implemented in many laboratories. We set out to test whether sequence artifacts were a serious problem and whether the UDG pretreatment strategy is also applicable to a amplicon based targeted MPS approach (Truseq Cancer Panel). Samples not treated with UDG showed multiple sequence artefacts with a significant portion of changes greater than background sequencing error, with C:G&amp;gt;T:A changes forming the vast majority of artefacts. Treatment of the samples with UDG prior to sequencing dramatically reduced the majority of C:G&amp;gt;T:A changes without affecting the detection of known SNPs and somatic mutations. Elimination of artefactual changes by UDG treatment also improved the accurate detection of low-level sequence variants. Interestingly, most C:G&amp;gt;T:A changes that occurred in the context of CpG dinucleotides were resistant to the UDG treatment as a likely consequence of 5-methyl cytosine being deaminated to thymine. This approach will greatly facilitate accurate detection of mutations in FFPE samples using amplicon-based approaches which is imperative for personalised cancer medicine, especially when working with samples of low tumour purity. This work also has implications for choice of tissue and protocols for the assessment of heterogeneity in tumours. Citation Format: Hongdo Do, Stephen Q. Wong, Jason Li, Alexander Dobrovic. Marked reduction of sequence artifacts in massively parallel sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DNA by depletion of uracil containing templates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 54. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-54 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Mechanism of polyuria and natriuresis in atrioventricular nodal tachycardia.
Authors: R Canepa-Anson, M Williams, J Marshall, T Mitsuoka, S Lightman, R Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A woman with tachycardia associated with polyuria was investigated. Electrophysiological analysis showed that the tachycardia was an atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. Programmed stimulation was then used to provoke and sustain the tachycardia for 40 minutes. Polyuria, with an appreciable increase in free water clearance, was observed. This was associated with reduction in plasma and urinary arginine vasopressin concentrations. Appreciable natriuresis also developed. These results support the hypothesis that the polyuria with increased free water clearance and the natriuresis occurring during sustained tachycardia in man are due to inhibition of secretion of vasopressin and the release of natriuretic factor.
Role of Interferon-γ in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Adhesion
Authors: Karen Y. Stokes, E. Chris Clanton, Kris P. Clements, D. Neil Granger
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A T-cell-mediated inflammatory response occurs in the microcirculation during acute hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study was to define the contribution of T-lymphocyte-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by hypercholesterolemia.Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify the adhesion and emigration of leukocytes and oxidant stress (dihydrorhodamine [DHR] oxidation) in cremasteric venules. Wild-type (WT), IFN-gamma-/-, and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were placed on either a normal (ND) or high-cholesterol (HC) diet for 2 weeks. WT-HC mice exhibited exaggerated adhesion and emigration of leukocytes and enhanced DHR oxidation compared with WT-ND. The exaggerated adhesion responses and increased DHR oxidation were not seen in IFN-gamma-/--HC mice. SCID-HC mice also exhibited attenuated inflammatory responses compared with WT-HC. Reconstitution of either SCID-HC or IFN-gamma-/--HC mice with WT-HC splenocytes restored the inflammatory responses, whereas reconstitution of SCID-HC with IFN-gamma-/--HC splenocytes did not. The HC-induced oxidant stress was restored in IFN-gamma-/--HC mice reconstituted with WT-HC splenocytes.These findings implicate IFN-gamma as a cause of the inflammatory phenotype that is assumed by the microvasculature of hypercholesterolemic mice and suggest that T lymphocytes are a major source of this proinflammatory cytokine.
Korean women rush to donate eggs after research pioneer resigns
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The resignation of the pioneering Korean stem cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk as chairman of the recently formed World Stem Cell Hub will not stop the progress of stem cell research in Korea, he said this week.

Professor Hwang of Seoul National University resigned from his chairmanship on 24 November when he admitted that the eggs used in his laboratory's research came from two junior researchers in his team and from paid donors.

“I will resign from any official advisory board to the government, but I will keep doing stem cell …
OSTEITIS TUBERCULOSA MULTIPLEX CYSTICA OF FIBULA AND TIBIA
Authors: SAMUEL SANES
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Following its introduction by Jüngling<sup>1</sup>in 1920, the term "osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica" was applied to cystlike degeneration of the bones without joint involvement, characterized by the gradual onset of mild pain and swelling of the affected parts, distinctive roentgenographic observations and a chronic benign course. Not infrequently associated were lupus pernio and Boeck's sarcoid. Histologically, the bone showed epithelioid and giant cell tubercles, with little or no caseation. Tubercle bacilli were rarely demonstrated in examined tissue; guinea-pig inoculation occasionally gave positive results for tuberculosis. In the past year Van Alstyne and Gowen,<sup>2</sup>reviewing the literature on osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica, stated that in all the reported cases the condition was restricted to the small bones of the hands or feet. Theirs was the first authentic case presenting typical lesions in the long bones. They presented a white man, aged 32, who exhibited destructive changes in the left
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine inhibits the transduction of growth signals via the MAPK cascade in cultured MCF-7 cells.
Authors: X Zhou, X Lu, C Richard, W Xiong, D W Litchfield, R Bittman, G Arthur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine (ET18-OCH3) is an ether lipid with selective antiproliferative properties whose mechanism of action is still unresolved. We hypothesized that since ET18-OCH3 affects a wide variety of cells, its mechanism of action was likely to involve the inhibition of a common widely used pathway for transducing growth signals such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. To test this, we established conditions whereby quiescent MCF-7 cells took up ET18-OCH3 in sufficient quantities that inhibited cell proliferation subsequent to the addition of growth medium and examined the activation of components of the MAPK cascade under these conditions. ET18-OCH3 inhibited the sustained phosphorylation of MAPK resulting in a decrease in the magnitude and duration of activation of MAPK in cells stimulated with serum or EGF. ET18-OCH3 had no effect on the binding of EGF to its receptors, their activation, or p21ras activation. However, an interference in the association of Raf-1 with membranes and a resultant decrease in Raf-1 kinase activity in membranes of ET18-OCH3-treated cells was observed. ET18-OCH3 had no direct effect on MAPK or Raf-1 kinase activity. A direct correlation between ET18-OCH3 accumulation, inhibition of cell proliferation, Raf association with the membrane, and MAPK activation was also established. These results suggest that inhibition of the MAPK cascade by ET18-OCH3 as a result of its effect on Raf-1 activation may be an important mechanism by which ET18-OCH3 inhibits cell proliferation.
Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: I Petersen, A M Johnson, A Islam, G Duckworth, D M Livermore, A C Hayward
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the extent to which antibiotics reduce the risk of serious complications after common respiratory tract infections. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> UK primary care practices contributing to the general practice research database. <b>Data source</b> 3.36 million episodes of respiratory tract infection. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Risk of serious complications in treated and untreated patients in the month after diagnosis: mastoiditis after otitis media, quinsy after sore throat, and pneumonia after upper respiratory tract infection and chest infection. Number of patients needed to treat to prevent one complication. <b>Results</b> Serious complications were rare after upper respiratory tract infections, sore throat, and otitis media, and the number needed to treat was over 4000. The risk of pneumonia after chest infection was high, particularly in elderly people, and was substantially reduced by antibiotic use, with a number needed to treat of 39 for those aged ≥65 and 96-119 in younger age groups. <b>Conclusion</b> Antibiotics are not justified to reduce the risk of serious complications for upper respiratory tract infection, sore throat, or otitis media. Antibiotics substantially reduce the risk of pneumonia after chest infection, particularly in elderly people in whom the risk is highest.