tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of joint crisis plans on use of compulsory treatment in psychiatry: single blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Claire Henderson, Chris Flood, Morven Leese, Graham Thornicroft, Kim Sutherby, George Szmukler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To investigate whether a form of advance agreement for people with severe mental illness can reduce the use of inpatient services and compulsory admission or treatment. <b>Design</b> Single blind randomised controlled trial, with randomisation of individual patients. The investigator was blind to allocation. <b>Setting</b> Eight community mental health teams in southern England. <b>Participants</b> 160 people with an operational diagnosis of psychotic illness or non-psychotic bipolar disorder who had experienced a hospital admission within the previous two years. <b>Intervention</b> The joint crisis plan was formulated by the patient, care coordinator, psychiatrist, and project worker and contained contact information, details of mental and physical illnesses, treatments, indicators for relapse, and advance statements of preferences for care in the event of future relapse. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Admission to hospital, bed days, and use of the Mental Health Act over 15 month follow up. <b>Results</b> Use of the Mental Health Act was significantly reduced for the intervention group, 13% (10/80) of whom experienced compulsory admission or treatment compared with 27% (21/80) of the control group (risk ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.95, P = 0.028). As a consequence, the mean number of days of detention (days spent as an inpatient while under a section of the Mental Health Act) for the whole intervention group was 14 compared with 31 for the control group (difference 16, 0 to 36, P = 0.04). For those admitted under a section of the Mental Health Act, the number of days of detention was similar in the two groups (means 114 and 117, difference 3, −61 to 67, P = 0.98). The intervention group had fewer admissions (risk ratio 0.69, 0.45 to 1.04, P = 0.07). There was no evidence for differences in bed days (total number of days spent as an inpatient) (means 32 and 36, difference 4, −18 to 26, P = 0.15 for the whole sample; means 107 and 83, difference −24, −72 to 24, P = 0.39 for those admitted). <b>Conclusions</b> Use of joint crisis plans reduced compulsory admissions and treatment in patients with severe mental illness. The reduction in overall admission was less. This is the first structured clinical intervention that seems to reduce compulsory admission and treatment in mental health services.
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients: Increase Without Delay After Transplant and Subsequent Acceleration
Authors: Beda Muehleisen, Aju Pazhenkottil, Lars E. French, Gunther F. L. Hofbauer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a 60- to 250-fold increased risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and a 10-fold increased risk for basal cell carcinoma (BCC).1 It is still unclear, however, how fast after transplant these tumors arise. To develop risk-adjusted clinical follow-up in OTRs, we investigated the incidence of first and subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) in OTRs.
Intravascular ultrasound- A useful technique for mapping plaque topography, recognizing eccentric lumen, arterial dissections and showing the results of balloon angioplasty and atherectomy. An echo-histologic study
Authors: Bruce F. Waller, Charles McKey, James Gessert, Cass Pinkerton, Paul Zalesky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Endothelium-dependent constriction demonstrated in vivo in mouse cerebral arterioles.
Authors: W I Rosenblum, G H Nelson
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Endothelium-dependent constriction in mouse pial arterioles was demonstrated by testing contractile responses before and after endothelial injury. All responses were monitored at the same site as the injury. Injury was produced in vivo by exposing an arteriole on the brain surface to the beam of a 6-mW helium-neon laser after first sensitizing the microvascular bed to the laser energy by injecting Evans blue intravenously. The contractile response to serotonin creatinine sulfate (20 micrograms/ml) and to sodium arachidonate (30 micrograms/ml) was monitored in vivo with an image splitter and TV microscope. The responses before laser injury were always constriction; the responses after laser injury were always relaxation. After laser injury, acetylcholine chloride (80 micrograms/ml) constricted every vessel tested at the injured site. Thus, the injured segment had not lost the capacity to constrict even though neither serotonin nor arachidonate remained able to induce a constriction. The endothelium-dependent constrictions to serotonin or arachidonate were also blocked by pretreatment of the mouse with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg i.p.) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg). The data suggests that endothelium-dependent constriction to serotonin is mediated by release of arachidonate from the endothelial cell and conversion of that arachidonate by cyclooxygenase to some constricting prostanoid.
Containing Multitudes
Authors: Robert M Golub
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Confidentiality of testimonials
Authors: J V Jeffs
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Therapeutics Bulletins.7This recommendation was purely on the grounds that dextromoramide tablets are more convenient than morphine solution.However, morphine is now available in a 10 mg slow-release tablet formulation and therefore this point is no longer valid.Clinical experience in terminal care, both in Leeds and elsewhere,8-'0 has led us to conclude that dextromoramide is a less suitable analgesic than morphine, diamorphine, or phenazocine for the control of pain in terminal illness.
Aspirin for everyone over 50?; Avoid the harm
Authors: Lexley M Pinto Pereira
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Drug combinations and all cause mortality in heart disease No new insights were gainedEditor-Hippisley-Cox and Coupland conclude that the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to combinations of drugs conferred no additional benefit in their study of patients in primary care with ischaemic heart disease. 1 However, such a conclusion should be reached with caution.The drugs were given to the patients with the highest risk of death.A higher percentage of patients who died were treated with ACE inhibitors, and the greatest improvement in risk of death after adjustment for risk factors was seen in the patients treated with these drugs.ACE inhibitors might thus have been given to the patients with the most severe disease in each comorbidity group-for example, to diabetic patients with kidney disease and to patients with the most severe heart failure.Therefore the study can give no indication of the crucial question whether the outcome would have been equally good for the group of 463 patients who probably had the most severe disease and received statins, aspirin, blockers, and ACE inhibitors if they had not been given ACE inhibitors.Replacement of yes or no for comorbidity factors with more discriminating variables, such as presence of microalbuminuria and a severity measure for heart disease, would probably have improved the study.However, this cannot replace the quality of a randomised, placebo controlled study comparing the effect of adding ACE inhibitors to the other study drugs.Therefore the study by Hippisley-Cox and Coupland adds no new knowledge to how patients with ischaemic heart disease in primary care should be treated.
Buprenorphine Implants and Opioid Dependence—Reply
Authors: Walter Ling
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiorenal actions of the novel direct soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator BAY 41–2272 in experimental congestive heart failure in comparison to nitroglycerin
Authors: Guido Boerrigter, Lisa C. Costello-Boerrigter, Harald Lapp, Alessandro Cataliotti, Toshihiro Tsuruda, Gail J. Harty, Johannes-Peter Stasch, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Staghorn Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lorenzo G Luciani, Lucio Luciani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 72-year-old woman with a history of hematuria presented with a three-month history of weight loss and anorexia. Computed tomography (Panel A) and ultrasonography showed a solid mass infiltrating the renal pelvis of the nonfunctioning right kidney. The serum creatinine concentration was 1.1 mg per deciliter (97.2 μmol per liter), and cytologic examination of the urine revealed no abnormalities. Subsequent radical nephrectomy confirmed the presence of the mass at the upper pole and also revealed a complete staghorn pyelocaliceal and ureteral mass (Panel B). Histologic analysis showed that the lesion was a poorly differentiated renal-cell carcinoma (stage pT3aN0M0 according to . . .
Vesicular Pharyngitis Associated with Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: Joseph W. St. Geme, James T. Prince
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE role of the Coxsackie viruses in the causation of human illness is now well known. The Group B Coxsackie viruses, Types 1–6, are associated with such distinct diseases as aseptic meningitis, epidemic pleurodynia, myocarditis, benign pericarditis and encephalohepatomyocarditis of the newborn.1 The Group A Coxsackie viruses cause a more limited spectrum of disease, primarily herpangina (Types 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10) and aseptic meningitis (Types 2, 4, 7 and 9).1 , 2 Upper-respiratory-tract symptoms occasionally accompany the major manifestation of infection with Group B Coxsackie virus.3 However, minor symptoms, such as cough, coryza and sore throat, in the . . .
Identification and Elucidation of the Biology of Adverse Events: The Challenges of Safety Assessment and Translational Medicine
Authors: Kenneth W. Turteltaub, Myrtle A. Davis, Leigh Ann Burns-Naas, Michael P. Lawton, Adam M. Clark, Jack A. Reynolds
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

There has been an explosion of technology-enabled scientific insight into the basic biology of the causes of adverse events. This has been driven, in part, by the development of the various "omics" tools (e.g., genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and associated bioinformatics platforms. Meanwhile, for decades, changes in preclinical testing protocols and guidelines have been limited. Preclinical safety testing currently relies heavily on the use of outdated animal models. Application of systems biology methods to evaluation of toxicities in oncology treatments can accelerate the introduction of safe, effective drugs. Systems biology adds insights regarding the causes and mechanisms of adverse effects, provides important and actionable information to help understand the risks and benefits to humans, focuses testing on methods that add value to the safety testing process, and leads to modifications of chemical entities to reduce liabilities during development. Leveraging emerging technologies, such as genomics and proteomics, may make preclinical safety testing more efficient and accurate and lead to better safety decisions. The development of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance document on the use of systems biology in clinical testing would greatly benefit the development of drugs for oncology by communicating the potential application of specific methodologies, providing a framework for qualification and application of systems biology outcomes, and providing insight into the challenges and limitations of systems biology in the regulatory decision-making process.
Autism: Common, heritable, but not harmful
Authors: Morton Ann Gernsbacher, Michelle Dawson, Laurent Mottron
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We assert that one of the examples used by Keller & Miller (K&M), namely, autism, is indeed common, and heritable, but we question whether it is harmful. We provide a brief review of cognitive science literature in which autistics perform superiorly to non-autistics in perceptual, reasoning, and comprehension tasks; however, these superiorities are often occluded and are instead described as dysfunctions.
Asbestos and colon cancer: a weight-of-the-evidence review.
Authors: J F Gamble
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

What is the evidence that exposure to asbestos causes colon cancer? This weight-of-evidence review considers epidemiologic evidence from cohort studies of asbestos-exposed workers, case-control studies of colon cancer, animal bioassays, and other corroborative evidence. The major evidence for a causal association at high exposure is a combined colorectal standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.5 for asbestos cohorts where the lung cancer SMR was greater than twofold. However, misdiagnosis may spuriously elevate the SMR. The strongest evidence against a causal association between colon cancer and asbestos exposure is the lack of an exposure-response gradient in asbestos cohorts where trends for lung cancer are observed. Population-based case-control studies of colon cancer do not show any consistent risk associated with asbestos exposure. Long-term ingestion studies show no evidence of an increased incidence of colon cancer in animals by this route of exposure and do not provide biological plausibility for a causal association between asbestos exposure and colon cancer.
A Survey of Rheumatoid Arthritis in West Cornwall: A Report to the Empire Rheumatism Council
Authors: E. R. Hargreaves
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1958)

English and three Welsh general (See Note 2) classified into nine rheumatic practitioners groups 1945 Department of Health Scotland Incapacity due to chronic rheuma- 16-65 Sickness certificates tism amongst all insured per- sonnel 1949 Stocks Random population samples of 16-65 Self diagnosis general population, taken monthly over the year 1952 Lawrence and Aitken-Swan Miners and sample of population 16+ "Complaints" over 5-year period of Leigh, Lancs.but more than half in in reply to questionnaire and 20-50 age group clinical examination 1953 Kellgren, Lawrence, and Aitken- Random sample of Leigh, Lancs.15+ "Complaints" at time of interview Swan and clinical examination 1953 Logan General practitioner records- 16 + Entry on doctor's cards eight doctors 1955 Miall Males in Welsh mining village 16 + Characteristic history of polywhere progressive massive fibro- arthritis of peripheral joints with sis was known to be prevalent or without residual physical signs, supported by: x-ray evidence or positive Rose test 1956 Kellgren and Lawrence Random sample of Leigh, Lancs.
Concentration of Tc???99m MDP in Ovarian Carcinoma and Its Soft Tissue Metastases
Authors: ROBERT A. BERES, NEETIN PATEL, ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, ALI T. ISITMAN, ROBERT S. HELLMAN, PURUSHOTHAM VELUVOLU, RONALD S. PATILLO, B DAVID COLLIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A patient with ovarian carcinoma was evaluated for skeletal metastasis with a routine whole body bone scan. Although no bone metastases were visualized, there was dramatic accumulation of tracer in the soft tissues of the abdomen. CT revealed calcifying soft tissue metastases on the liver surface, the bowel serosa, and in the pelvis corresponding to the abnormal areas of Tc-99m MDP uptake. Tumor necrosis and ongoing calcification within the metastatic sites are possible explanations for this unusual soft tissue concentration of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. In patlents with meatastatic ovarian carcinoma, careful review of extraosseous regions on bone scan images may provide valuable diagnostic information.
Seven cases of autoimmune hepatitis that developed after drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Kazushi Sugimoto, Takeshi Ito, Norihiko Yamamoto, Katsuya Shiraki
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read with great interest the article by Björnsson et al.1 on the topic of 22 cases of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH). Although DIAIH is considered relatively rare, Lucena et al.2 recently reported four cases diagnosed with AIH on the second episode of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). With the findings in their studies, Björssen et al. concluded that a significant proportion of patients with AIH have DIAIH, whereas Lucena et al. concluded that second episodes of DILI are more likely to be associated with features of AIH. We have also recently encountered seven cases with intriguing clinical courses, which were diagnosed as DILI but features of AIH became apparent later despite discontinuation of drugs, suggesting a different pattern of the etiology. Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. In each case, liver dysfunction had not been documented before pharmacotherapy, and treatment was promptly suspended without changing to any other drugs when elevated levels of serum aminotransferase were detected. Liver dysfunction improved after discontinuation of causal drugs, but relapsed later in all cases despite continued cessation of drugs. Interestingly, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels were significantly increased at relapse compared to first onset. Histological examinations were performed at relapse in three cases, revealing portal inflammation and interface hepatitis. AIH was diagnosed in all cases because every one of them met the criteria for at least "probable AIH" according to the international scoring system.3 Steroid therapy improved liver dysfunction and no cases of relapse have been seen. One of the most important and interesting features of these cases is that ANA titers or serum IgG levels increased during the course. Although determining whether true DIAIH or drug-induced unmasking of true AIH was present in each of these seven cases was difficult, we think these drugs were responsible for the pathogenesis of AIH to some extent. Although the precise etiological mechanism of DIAIH has not been elucidated yet, we can speculate that the variations in their developing patterns are due to the different metabolic activity and immunological reactions. We think that a wider range of drugs has the potential to cause AIH, and incidence of AIH with a drug-related etiology is more frequent than we have previously thought. In cases of DILI, careful follow-up will be needed, keeping in mind that AIH can develop even after normalization of liver enzymes. Furthermore, establishment of the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategy for DIAIH will be needed. Kazushi Sugimoto M.D., Ph.D.*, Takeshi Ito M.D., Ph.D.*, Norihiko Yamamoto M.D., Ph.D.*, Katsuya Shiraki M.D., Ph.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Carfilzomib for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Thomas M. Herndon, Albert Deisseroth, Edvardas Kaminskas, Robert C. Kane, Kallappa M. Koti, Mark D. Rothmann, Bahru Habtemariam, Julie Bullock, Jeffrey D. Bray, Jessica Hawes, Todd R. Palmby, Josephine Jee, William Adams, Houda Mahayni, Janice Brown, Angelica Dorantes, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Ann T. Farrell, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review leading to accelerated approval of carfilzomib is described. A single-arm trial enrolled 266 patients with multiple myeloma refractory to the most recent therapy who had received prior treatment with bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent (IMID). Patients received carfilzomib by intravenous infusion over 2 to 10 minutes at a dose of 20 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the 28 days of cycle 1, and at a dose of 27 mg/m2 on the same schedule in cycle 2 and subsequent cycles. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) as determined by an independent review committee using International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. The safety of carfilzomib was evaluated in 526 patients with multiple myeloma treated with various dosing regimens. The ORR was 23%. The median duration of response was 7.8 months. The most common adverse reactions associated with carfilzomib infusion were fatigue, anemia, nausea, thrombocytopenia, dyspnea, diarrhea, and fever. The most common serious adverse events were pneumonia, acute renal failure, fever, and congestive heart failure. Infusion reactions to carfilzomib could be reduced by pretreatment with dexamethasone and intravenous fluids. On July 20, 2012, the FDA granted accelerated approval of carfilzomib for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including bortezomib and an IMID and who have shown disease progression while on therapy or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy.
Severity of notified whooping cough.
Authors: C L Miller, W B Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1976)

An analysis was made of the severity of over 8000 cases of whooping cough notified from October 1974 to March 1975. Ten per cent of these patients were admitted to hospital and there were 10 deaths. Severity was directly related to age, the disease being most severe in children under 1 year, especially those under 6 months. There was some evidence that previous vaccination reduced the severity of the disease, but the vaccination programme does not cover very young children, and for them whooping cough is a dangerous disease.