tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myint Myint Khin
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Current evidence suggests that older people and people with underlying comorbidities are at increased risk of severe disease and death following hospitalisation with COVID-19. As comorbidity increases with age, it is necessary to understand the age-adjusted relationship between comorbidity and COVID-19 outcomes, in order to enhance planning capabilities and our understanding of COVID-19. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a rapid, comprehensive review of the literature up to 10 April 2020, to assess the international empirical evidence on the association between comorbidities and severe or critical care outcomes of COVID-19, after accounting for age, among hospitalised patients with COVID-19. <h3>Results</h3> After screening 579 studies, we identified seven studies eligible for inclusion and these were synthesised narratively. All were from China. The emerging evidence base mostly indicates that after adjustment for age (and in some cases other potential confounders), obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD), and cancer are all associated with worse outcomes. The largest study, using a large nationwide sample of COVID-19 patients in China, found that those with multiple comorbidities had more than twice the risk of a severe outcome or death compared with patients with no comorbidities, after adjusting for age and smoking (HR=2.59, 95% CI 1.61, 4.17). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This review summarises for clinicians, policymakers, and academics the most robust evidence to date on this topic, to inform the management of patients and control measures for tackling the pandemic. Given the intersection of comorbidity with ethnicity and social disadvantage, these findings also have important implications for health inequalities. As the pandemic develops, further research should confirm these trends in other settings outside China and explore mechanisms by which various underlying health conditions increase risk of severe COVID-19.
Abstract 3167: miR-138 and its role in melanoma progression
Authors: Adriana T. da Cruz, Aline Hunger, Alice Santana Morais, Fabiana Marcelino Meliso, Brayn Staruss, Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that bind to mRNA targets preventing their translation. It is predicted that over 30% of mRNAs are regulated by miRNAs. Therefore these molecules are considered essential to many biological responses, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and stress responsiveness. Loss or gain of miRNAs function contributes to development of many diseases, included cancer. Melanoma rises from malignant transformation of melanocytes. Despite being rare, it is responsible for the greatest number of deaths promoted by all skin cancers. One reason for this scenario is that melanoma metastatic is usually incurable. To determine the role of miRNAs in melanoma progression, the expression of several miRNAs were evaluated in a murine model that mimics different stages of the genesis of this tumor. In that model, several cell lines were obtained after submitting melan-a melanocytes to sequential cycles of anchorage blockade. Among miRNAs in which expression were altered, miR-138 has decreased expression in intermediate phases of melanoma genesis and was selected for further investigation. It was verified that mRNA of p53, Ezh2, MyoD and Sirt-1 are putative targets of miR-138. Interestingly, these mRNAs also have inverse expression of miR-138 in the distinct lineages of this model. Luciferase assay was done to confirm if miR-138 directly regulate such mRNAs. Super expression of miR-138 in the cell lineages that have lower levels of this miRNA was also induced. Functional experiments assessing proliferation rate, migration and invasiveness capacity in these cells expressing ectopic miR-138 were performed. The results indicate that miR-138 deregulation is an important event of melanoma progression. The targets of this miRNA are key components in pathways frequently disrupted in cancer, like cell cycle and apoptosis control, epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation, and differentiation process. Thus, miR-138 represents a strong candidate to therapeutic target. The exploration of its role can contribute to improve the comprehension about melanoma progression and elucidate new ways of interventions against cancer. Supported by FAPESP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3167. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3167
Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry in man: current status and recommendations.
Authors: C Emde, A Garner, A L Blum
Journal: Gut (1987)

Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry in man: current status and recommendationsIn April 1986 a discussion meeting entitled 'Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry using pH-electrodes in man' was held in Zurich, Switzerland.The meeting brought together specialists in theoretical aspects of pH-recording, design and manufacture of equipment, and clinical application of this technique.The aim was to define the actual level of knowledge of pH monitoring in the upper gastrointestinal tract and to provide recommendations for its practical use.In view of the increasing use of intraluminal pH-metry it was considered timely to hold a discussion with the focus primarily on equipment and experimental design because under- standing these factors is essential for application of pH-metry to research and routine clinical investigation.The meeting was organised in a format designed to maximise discussion and arrive at a consensus view.Before the meeting, participants submitted up to three concise statements on assigned topics, which were then precirculated to all 41 delegates.Fifty nine topics ranging from 'Interference of external factors with pH-measurements -temperature' to 'Specific problems of duodenal pH-metry -normal values' were addressed.There were no formal presentations and the entire meeting was devoted to discussion leading to modification, addition or replacement of these statements.Finally, delegates voted (agree, disagree, no opinion) on all statements and on the overall importance of a particular topic.These statements form the basis of this text with the voting being used to define the balance and emphasis of the article.Thus, the purpose of this article is to reflect the conclusions of the meeting and to incorporate a series of precise and unambiguous recommendations.As such certain of the statements may appear more dogmatic than in a conventional review article. Equipment pH-ELECTRODEIntraluminal pH can be measured by either a glass, plastic or ISFET (ion sensitive field effect transistor) combination electrode (containing both sensing and reference elements) or a unipolar (sensing electrode alone) monocrystalline antimony electrode connected to a pH-meter via cable.Combination glass telemetry capsules are also available which avoid potential problems associated with the cable but are more susceptible to errors caused by electromagnetic fields.Combination glass electrodes predominate'3 although monocrystalline antimony electrodes are being used increasingly for oesophageal pH-metry.4Currently, combination glass 1177
Identification and Validation of Long Noncoding RNA Biomarkers in Human Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Hui Yu, Qinghua Xu, Fang Liu, Xun Ye, Jialei Wang, Xia Meng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been regarded as a primary feature of several human cancers. However, the genome-wide expression and functional significance of lncRNAs in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify novel lncRNAs that may play an important role in contributing to NSCLC pathogenesis.We performed an integrative analysis of two NSCLC microarray datasets comprising 165 and 90 patients, respectively. The candidate lncRNAs were identified using the GSE19188 dataset, and then confirmed in the GSE18842 dataset. In addition, an independent cohort of 73 clinical samples was analyzed to validate the selected lncRNAs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.With microarray gene expression analysis, we identified and validated a list of 64 lncRNAs significantly dysregulated in NSCLC tumors compared with normal lung tissues; and a panel of 181 lncRNAs that were specific to histological subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of six selected lncRNAs in clinical samples further confirmed the results of microarray analysis.We have identified and validated multiple novel lncRNAs associated with tumorigenesis and histological differentiation in human NSCLC. These lncRNAs could be further exploited for the development of useful biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of NSCLC.
Computerized Tomography and Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Leon Weisberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Drs Delaney and Schellinger have reported the value of computerized tomography (CT) in evaluating patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) (236: 951, 1976), but these authors do not comment on two aspects of this curious disorder.  First, were there any patients who had increased intracranial pressure without localizing neurological signs in whom the diagnosis of BIH (pseudotumor cerebri) was initially considered most likely but in whom the CT scan showed evidence of a mass lesion or hydrocephalus? Second, what percentage of patients had scanning with and without contrast enhancement, and were there any cases in which the scan without contrast was negative but the scan after contrast enhancement showed a mass lesion?  We (Weisberg, Nice, and Heath) have recently studied 62 patients with papilledema and no localizing signs by the CT scan ( Radiology 122:133-136, 1977). Twenty-three patients were found to have lesions demonstrated by evidence of ventricular
Aneurysm of an Intercostal Artery After Paracentesis Thoracis
Authors: J. S. Elkington, J. B. L. Howell
Journal: Thorax (1960)

The patient (M.H. No. K: 40916), a 14-year-old girl, was admitted to the Middlesex Hospital on July 23, 1958, with malignant hypertension due to nephritis in early childhood.Her blood pressure on admission was 250/180 mm.Hg, but was lowered to, and maintained at, normal levels by a combination of a ganglion- blocking drug (" pempidine") and "hydrallazine."This regimen was considered impracticable for long- term management in view of the severity of the sideeffects.Thoraco-lumbar sympathectomy was therefore SUMMARY The development of an aneurysm of an inter- costal artery at the site of an earlier paracentesis thoracis is repeated.
HLA restriction of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for influenza virus. Poor recognition of virus associated with HLA A2.
Authors: A McMichael
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), specific for influenza A/X31 virus, were generated from human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These CTL lysed target cells that were infected with the same virus and that shared HLA A or B locus antigens. Minimal lysis was observed when HLA-D antigens were shared. Not all HLA A and B antigens were equally effective. Efficient lysis of target cells was seen when HLA A1, A3, B7, B8, B27 and BW21 were shared with the CTL, but when HLA A2 was the only shared antigen lysis was usually minimal. This deficiency in CTL function associated with HLA A2 was not absolute. It is suggested that the function of this antigen might be influenced by other surface molecules on the cell and in particular the other HLA products.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Basic and Clinical Biostatistics
Authors: Paul S. Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 July 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Basic and Clinical BiostatisticsPaul S. Levy, MDPaul S. Levy, MDUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60680.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Basic and Clinical BiostatisticsBeth Dawson-Saunders and Robert G. Trapp. 329 pages. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; 1990. $29.95.A successful introductory statistics text targeted to a particular field or profession (for example, medicine, marketing, education) will show knowledge of and facility with the particular substantive field, will present statistical concepts and methods clearly and without an overload of unnecessary detail, and will contain numerous illustrative examples and exercises that have a contemporary flavor. The text by Dawson-Saunders, a statistician, and Trapp, a rheumatologist, originally published in 1990 and already in its third printing, fulfills these criteria.The text covers the basics of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60680. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 174KeywordsAnalysis of varianceBiostatisticsComputer softwareDecision makingEpidemiologyExerciseResearch designStatistical methodsSurvival analysis Issue Published: 15 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
50 PKA-DEPENDENT P-SER-675β-CATENIN PHOSPHORYLATION INCREASES CHOLANGIOCYTE MOTILITY IN PKHDDEL4/DEL4 MICE, A MODEL OF FIBROPOLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASES CAUSED BY DEFECTIVE FIBROCYSTIN FUNCTION
Authors: C. Spirli, L. Locatelli, R. Fiorotto, C. Morell, M. Cadamuro, L. Fabris, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Familial Respiratory Tract Cancer
Authors: Thomas E. Goffman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Case studies of two families with lung and other respiratory tract cancers were investigated. Consenting family members underwent comprehensive evaluation, including physical examination, routine laboratory studies, pulmonary function testing, sputum cytology analysis, and lymphocyte karyotyping. In both families, the environmental influence of smoking and, to a lesser extent, occupational exposures were evident risks. Both families had members with multiple primary malignant neoplasms and probably radiogenic cancers, suggestive of inherent predisposition to environmentally induced neoplasia. Furthermore, one family had a newly recognized syndrome of limb and dental anomalies, and, independently, two members were carriers of a balanced translocation between chromosomes 13 and 14. Efforts were made to prevent further respiratory cancer deaths, to search for laboratory markers of risk, and to store blood and tissue specimens for assays in development. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1020-1023)
Epilepsy and employment.
Authors: D Gloag
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The effectiveness of a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin in eradicating urethral gonorrhoea was assessed in 18 men who received 250 mg and 26 men who were given 100 mg. All patients, including two infected with beta lactamase (penicillinase) producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), were cured. The drug had no effect on infection with Chlamydia trachomatis or on the incidence of post gonococcal urethritis. Ciprofloxacin may be useful in patients hypersensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins, and the drug may also be useful in urethral gonorrhoea caused by PPNG strains.
Cholera Is Walking South
Authors: Mario Masana Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Since it began in January 1991 in Peru,<sup>1,2</sup>the cholera epidemic has steadily expanded throughout the continent. In its expansion south, after reaching Bolivia, cholera has spread to Argentina—initially through the border area between the two countries—and has become a critical health problem in both countries. The special characteristics of the region, and the nature of the interdependencies of the people living on both sides of the border, emphasize the need to lend special attention to that area. Figure 1 shows the spread of the epidemic from three initial towns in Peru to all the countries in South America, with the exception of Uruguay, as well as Mexico and all Central American countries. The Table shows the total number of cases and the fatality ratio for 1991 through 1993, which range from 606 652 cases in Peru to three cases in Paraguay.<sup>3-5</sup>At the end of 1993, 31
Impaired Myocardial Tissue Perfusion Early After Successful Thrombolysis
Authors: Alex Maes, Frans Van de Werf, Johan Nuyts, Guy Bormans, Walter Desmet, Luc Mortelmans
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Impaired tissue reperfusion after successful recanalization of an epicardial coronary artery has been documented both in animals and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Whether this phenomenon can be demonstrated with positron emission tomography (PET) and whether it has an effect on late recovery of flow, metabolism, and function are unknown. Methods and Results Thirty patients with an acute myocardial infarction and TIMI flow grade 3 of the infarcted vessel at 90 minutes after thrombolytic therapy were studied. Within 24 hours after thrombolysis, at 5 days and at 3 months, myocardial blood flow was measured with 13 NH 3 . 18 FDG uptake was measured at 5 days. Radionuclide left ventricular angiograms were acquired at 5 days and at 3 months. In 11 patients (37%), regional myocardial flow was severely impaired (&lt;50% of normally perfused myocardium) despite successful thrombolysis. No recovery of left ventricular function occurred in any of these patients at 3 months. In 12 patients (40%), intermediate flows (50% to 75% of normal) were found, with functional improvement after angioplasty only in regions with a PET mismatch. Seven patients (23%) had high flow values early after successful thrombolysis (&gt;75% of normal) and showed preserved regional contractile function at 3 months. Conclusions This study is the first demonstration with PET of impaired myocardial tissue perfusion in patients with an acute myocardial infarction after successful thrombolysis. Functional recovery of the reperfused myocardium is observed only when adequate tissue flow is restored. PET may be helpful in selecting patients in whom additional revascularization can improve recovery of left ventricular function.
Audit in Auchendreich
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Clinical audit, as all now acknowledge, must rise to fresh challenges if the exciting new concept of clinical governance is indeed to revitalise our NHS for its next five decades.

Fortunately for us, Auchendreich has for long been at the forefront of the field. Back in the 1960s one of our consultant surgeons had already devoted much of his working life to chronicling the fates of thousand upon thousand of the gall bladders of Auchendreich, together with those of their erstwhile owners.

   ![][1] 

His yellowing index cards, meticulously punched round the edges, and the famous knitting needles used to carry out his many pioneering analyses—at a time when computers were unknown in hospitals—are once more on display even as I …

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Kirsten murine sarcoma virus abolishes interferon gamma-induced class II but not class I major histocompatibility antigen expression in a murine fibroblast line.
Authors: D J Maudsley, A G Morris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The effect of infecting fibroblasts with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/murine leukemia virus (Ki-MSV/MLV) on constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced H-2 antigen expression was investigated. The fibroblasts used were two established cell lines (C3H10T1/2 and BALB/c3T3) and fresh embryo fibroblasts from C3H mice. Class I antigens were expressed constitutively by BALB/c3T3; infection with MLV, MSV or the two together had little effect on this constitutive expression. Class I antigens (H-2K, H-2D) were strongly induced on all three types of fibroblast by rIFN-gamma, and infection had little effect on this. None of the fibroblasts expressed constitutively detectable levels of class II antigen; however, C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts could be induced for both H-2A and H-2E by IFN-gamma. Infection of C3H10T1/2 with helper-free Ki-MSV, or MSV together with MLV, completely abolished this induction of class II antigens, while infection with MLV alone had little effect, implying that the abolition of class II induction was due to genomic regions of Ki-MSV not shared with Ki-MLV, probably the v-Ki-ras gene.
Home Blood Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (1) would not have been possible without the advent of several technologies, including self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). After the results of that landmark study were reported in 1993, SMBG was considered the standard of care for type 1 diabetic patients. The same was true for insulin-requiring type 2 diabetic patients after the report of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) in 1998 (2). However, cost pressures have now caused some to question SMBG in type 1 diabetes (3), and we continue to struggle with conflicting evidence for those patients with type 2 diabetes not receiving insulin. The fundamental problem has been difficulty in trial design with many of the challenges carrying over from clinical trials to clinical practice.

For example, is the patient with type 2 diabetes even willing and able to perform SMBG? And, based on the glucose data, is the patient engaged enough to make behavioral changes that would improve glucose control? And even for those individuals who are able to make significant lifestyle changes, will they be willing to initiate insulin therapy if indicated? From the provider's perspective, is there time to review the data and potentially intensify therapy with that information? Can the provider even easily access the data, especially if there is a large amount of information in the 2 or 3 weeks before a clinic appointment? If the clinician cannot download the data, will the patient be willing to share the information either with a paper logbook or perhaps a computerized tool such as a spreadsheet or even a smart-phone app? What becomes clear is that for data to …
Foreign Body: An Unreported Association with Mucosectomy Scar
Authors: C. F. Viana, J. E. Brunaldi, J. L. Módena
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A 44-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse and smoking was receiving follow-up at our hospital owing to chronic pancreatitis. As he was suffering vague dyspeptic symptoms, he underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He had not previously undergone any form of surgery. The endoscopic examination identified a slightly depressed hyperemic esophageal lesion, 1.5 cm in diameter, 31 cm distal to the superior dental arcade, which did not stain on exposure to Lugol’s solution (Figure [1]). Histopathological examination of the endoscopic biopsies revealed a superficial squamous-cell carcinoma, with areas of high-grade dysplasia. The integrity of the submucosal layer was confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopic mucosectomy was carried out as a curative treatment, as described in the recent literature [1], apparently with initial success. Histopathological examination of the tissue removed during the mucosectomy showed that the cancer was restricted to the mucosal layer.