tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
John Keats, Physician and Poet
Authors: Robert Gittings
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Readers do not generally realize how short the writing life of J John-Keats actually was. It is well known, of course, that he died of tuberculosis when only a few months more than twenty-five years old; but the extent of his works, as large as that of most poets with a normal age span, might suggest that he began, like his contemporaries Shelley and Byron, at some precociously early age. This is far from true. The ranks of Keats's poems are notably not swelled by juvenilia, and for a very simple reason. On well-attested authority, he did not write a line of original English verse until probably the spring of 1813, shortly after his eighteenth birthday. How comparatively late this was for the first utterance of a major English poet may be seen by reflecting that, at almost this exact moment, Alfred Tennyson, the major poet of the next generation, was
Book: Forensic Emergency Medicine
Authors: J. Heyworth
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Jonathan S Olshaker, M Christine Jackson, William S Smock Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, £75, pp 320 ISBN 0 7817 3144 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Evolution is a wonderful thing, but even Darwin would be disappointed by the characteristics shown by the current market leaders. Almost uniquely in nature, we exhibit the ability to inflict severe and damaging physical and sexual violence on each other, for reasons not involving our own survival or territorial dominance. Something has gone badly wrong. A recent BMJ editorial suggested banning the use of the word “accident” on the grounds that injury results from events that are predictable and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Ewing??s Sarcoma of the Thumb Radiographic, Angiographic, CT, and Bone Scan Findings
Authors: S AMICO, P G LUCAS, P CHELIUS, M C RUELLE, J C LIEHN, J VALEYRE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Ewing's sarcoma rarely occurs in the bones of the hand. The x-ray, angiographic, CT scan, and bone scan findings in a patient with histologically proven Ewing's sarcoma of the thumb are reported.
Premature Ventricular Complexes
Authors: Joel Morganroth
Journal: JAMA (1984)

APPROXIMATELY every minute in the United States, one person dies of sudden cardiac death. This accounts for more than one half of all deaths due to coronary artery disease, a disease that also commonly displays the syndromes of angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. Of the approximately 1.25 million Americans who have an acute myocardial infarction per year, more than one half die before reaching a medical facility, and of those who survive hospitalization, approximately 10% or more will be dead in the first year. Half of this mortality will be caused by sudden cardiac death. Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of death in the 20- to 64-year-old age range and has the most dramatic social, psychological, and economical impact of any disease, particularly since it occurs prematurely in life, usually without warning or clear precipitating factor. Studies in individuals who have sudden cardiac death while fortuitously wearing
Post-inflammatory depigmentation following allergic contact dermatitis to chloroxylenol
Authors: S. Malakar, S. Panda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Post‐inflammatory depigmentation following allergic contact dermatitis to chloroxylenol Get access S. Malakar, S. Malakar Duncan Gleneagles Clinic & Research Centre, Calcutta, India. *Ruby General Hospital, Calcutta, India Dr Subrata Malakar, P‐158, CIT Scheme CI M, Kakurgachi, Calcutta‐700054, India E‐mail: smalakar@cal.vsnl.net.in Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Panda S. Panda Duncan Gleneagles Clinic & Research Centre, Calcutta, India. *Ruby General Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1275–1276, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04256.x Published: 01 June 2001
Monitoring Progress towards Universal Health Coverage at Country and Global Levels
Authors: Ties Boerma, Patrick Eozenou, David Evans, Tim Evans, Marie-Paule Kieny, Adam Wagstaff
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

As part of the Collection on Monitoring Universal Health Coverage, Ties Boerma and colleagues discuss the key findings from the country case studies and technical reviews included in the Collection and, also, how these papers will help with the development of a global framework for monitoring progress towards Universal Health Coverage. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Relation of Neurological Findings after Cardiac Arrest to Outcome
Authors: J. O. Willoughby, B. G. Leach
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Routine neurological examination of patients one hour after cardiac arrest seems to be of value in determining the prognosis for life and likelihood of intellectual impairment. In 48 patients 53 episodes of cardiac arrest were followed by serial neurological examinations. Patients were divided into two groups according to neurological findings one hour after cardiac arrest. Patients in group 1 were unresponsive or at most responded in a reflex fashion to painful stimuli at one hour; these patients died or survived with intellectual damage. Patients in group 2 responded purposefully at one hour and survived without neurological damage. These patients commonly showed transient confusional states and a variety of other non-focal abnormalities, and focal signs were seen occasionally.
END-RESULTS IN CONSERVATIVE AND RADICAL OVARIAN SURGERY
Authors: RICHARD W. TeLINDE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The question of conservation of ovarian tissue when doing a hysterectomy versus total ablation is one that has interested gynecologists for many years. Recently, the evidence for conservative pelvic surgery has been accumulating at the expense of evidence for more radical disposition of ovarian tissue. However, if one is to judge by the reports from various clinics within the last decade, it is evident that opinion is still far from crystallized. In 1915, Vineberg<sup>1</sup>sent questionnaires to many members of the American Gynecological Society asking their opinion on the disposition of ovarian tissue when doing a hysterectomy. Although the majority were in favor of conserving ovarian tissue when feasible before the age of 45, there were some who reported that they made a practice of always removing the ovaries when performing a hysterectomy. Since then, reports have been made from various clinics throughout the country on the ultimate results
Decreased Replication Ability of E1-Deleted Adenoviruses Correlates with Increased Brain Tumor Malignancy
Authors: Subrata Ghosh, Gregory J. Duigou
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract E1 region replacement adenoviruses are replication defective and are propagated in cells providing adenovirus E1A and E1B proteins. Although they are being developed for antitumor therapies, the proliferative behaviors of these viruses in normal brain tissues or in brain tumors are unknown. To address this, freshly cultured cells from normal human brain and common brain tumors (astrocytomas and meningiomas) were infected using wild-type species C adenoviruses and adenoviruses missing E1A (H5dl312) or E1A plus E1B (H5dl434). Viral DNA replication, late viral protein expression, and production of infectious progeny were characterized. Wild-type adenoviruses grew efficiently in normal brain and brain tumor cells. In comparison, E1-deleted adenovirus DNA replication was delayed and lower in cells derived from normal brain tissues, meningiomas, and low-grade astrocytomas. However, in contrast, E1-deleted adenovirus DNA replication did not occur or was extremely low in cells derived from malignancy grade III and IV astrocytic tumors. Because wild-type adenoviruses infected and replicated in all cells, the malignancy grade-based differential E1-deleted adenovirus DNA replication was not explained by differential virus uptake. Infectious H5dl312 and H5dl434 production correlated with viral DNA replication. Compared with a 5-day average for wild-type infections, advanced cytopathology was noted ∼4 weeks after H5dl312 or H5dl434 infection of meningioma, astrocytoma, and normal brain cells. Cytopathology was not observed after H5dl312 or H5dl434 infection of glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and gliosarcoma cells. Because of this tumor grade–based differential growth, the E1-deleted adenoviruses may represent novel tools for studies of brain tumor malignancy.
Trials and Tribulations of Protecting Children from Environmental Hazards
Authors: Bruce P. Lanphear, Jerome Paulson, Sandra Beirne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Society is increasingly aware of the profound impact that the environment has on children's health. Not surprisingly, there is increasing public scrutiny about children's exposures to environmental hazards, especially for disadvantaged children. These trends underscore the ethical imperative to develop a framework to protect children from environmental hazards. Such a framework must include regulations to test new chemicals and other potential hazards before they are marketed, a strategy to conduct research necessary to protect children from persistent hazards that are widely dispersed in their environment, stronger regulatory mechanisms to eliminate human exposures to recognized or suspected toxicants, and guidelines about the ethical conduct of research and the role of experimental trials that test the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent or ameliorate children's exposure to persistent toxicants or hazards that are widely dispersed in their environment.
Diabetes Mellitus—A Call for Papers
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (2001)

FOR THE SECOND TIME THIS DECADE, JAMA WILL PUBlish a theme issue devoted to the topic of diabetes mellitus. While some progress has been made in understanding and managing diabetes since the May 15, 2002, theme issue, the epidemic continues, as does JAMA’s strong interest in this problem. In 2000 the worldwide prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 2.8% and is projected to reach 4.4% by 2030. In 2005, the total prevalence of diabetes among all ages for those born in the United States was 20.8 million individuals (7% of the population), and an estimated 30% of the cases were undiagnosed. The estimated lifetime risk of developing diabetes for individuals in the United States is 32.8% for men and 38.5% for women. By virtue of the disease process and its associated complications, individuals with diabetes have substantial reductions in life expectancy and quality of life. Research to help counteract these outcomes in patients with diabetes has resulted in a number of new and advanced therapies, including novel antidiabetes medications, surgical interventions, islet cell transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy. Because of the continued challenges of diabetes and its associated comorbidities, JAMA will devote an entire issue to this topic in April 2009. This theme issue will be in conjunction with all 9 of our Archives family of specialty journals, which also will devote some or all of their April issues to this topic. We invite authors to submit manuscripts reporting original research (original contributions, preliminary reports, and research letters), systematic reviews, special communications, and commentaries on any topic related to diabetes and its comorbidities. We also welcome articles addressing the economic implications, policy aspects, and ethical considerations relative to diabetes. Special consideration will be given to randomized trials of new therapies and to research reports addressing the management of diabetes, including glycemic monitoring and new technologies for diabetes care; genetic aspects and prevention; islet cell/pancreatic transplantation and related effects of diabetes on cardiovascular and oncologic disorders. Manuscripts received by November 1, 2008, will have the best chance of consideration for publication in the diabetes theme issue of JAMA. High-quality articles also may be published in other issues of JAMA or if not suitable for JAMA, may be referred (with the authors’ permission) for consideration for publication in one of our Archives specialty journals. Please consult the instructions for authors for preparing and submitting manuscripts. We look forward to receiving your manuscripts for our theme issue devoted to this increasingly important global health problem.
Glutathione S-Transferase Mu and Theta Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: M. Garcia-Closas, K. T. Kelsey, S. E. Hankinson, D. Spiegelman, K. Springer, W. C. Willett, F. E. Speizer, D. J. Hunter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: The enzymes encoded by the glutathione S -transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) genes are involved in the metabolism (mainly inactivation, but activation is possible) of a wide range of carcinogens that are ubiquitous in the environment; the enzyme encoded by the GSTT1 gene may also be active in endogenous mutagenic processes. Homozygous deletions of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are commonly found in the population and result in a lack of enzyme activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. METHODS: Our study included 466 women with incident cases of breast cancer occurring from May 1989 through May 1994 and 466 matched control subjects. These individuals were part of a prospective cohort of U.S. women (i.e., the Nurses' Health Study). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. RESULTS: The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.05 [ 95% CI = 0.80-1.37] for GSTM1 null; OR = 0.86 [ 95% CI = 0.61-1.21] for GSTT1 null). On the contrary, a suggestion of a decreased risk of breast cancer associated with the GSTT1 null genotype was observed among premenopausal women. When considered together, no combination of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions and breast cancer risk was not substantially modified by cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence against a substantially increased risk of breast cancer associated with GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 homozygous gene deletions.
Biochemistry and genetics of PCB metabolism.
Authors: K Furukawa, N Kimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Biphenyl(BP)-utilizing bacteria, which include both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. These bacteria co-metabolically degrade a variety of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to the corresponding chlorobenzoic acids through 2,3-dioxygenation. Certain strains degrade even highly chlorinated PCBs through 3,4-dioxygenation. The ring meta-cleavage dioxygenase purified from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 is a homo-octamer containing ferrous ions as the essential cofactor. Transposon mutants revealed that the bph-encoded enzymes possess a wide range of substrate specificity for various aromatic hydrocarbons. The bphABCXD gene cluster coding for the degradation of PCBs to chlorobenzoic acids was first cloned from P. pseudocaligenes KF707 and sequenced and then was cloned from a number of BP-utilizing strains and sequenced. Some strains possess a bph operon that is very similar, if not identical, to that of KF707. Some bph genes share homologies with different degrees. Deletion and shuffling of bph genes are also found.
Extensive Promoter DNA Hypermethylation and Hypomethylation Is Associated with Aberrant MicroRNA Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Constance Baer, Rainer Claus, Lukas P. Frenzel, Manuela Zucknick, Yoon Jung Park, Lei Gu, Dieter Weichenhan, Martina Fischer, Christian Philipp Pallasch, Esther Herpel, Michael Rehli, John C. Byrd, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Christoph Plass
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression contributes to the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, an understanding of the mechanisms that cause aberrant miRNA transcriptional control is lacking. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the role and extent of miRNA epigenetic regulation in CLL. Genome-wide profiling conducted on 24 CLL and 10 healthy B cell samples revealed global DNA methylation patterns upstream of miRNA sequences that distinguished malignant from healthy cells and identified putative miRNA promoters. Integration of DNA methylation and miRNA promoter data led to the identification of 128 recurrent miRNA targets for aberrant promoter DNA methylation. DNA hypomethylation accounted for more than 60% of all aberrant promoter-associated DNA methylation in CLL, and promoter DNA hypomethylation was restricted to well-defined regions. Individual hyper- and hypomethylated promoters allowed discrimination of CLL samples from healthy controls. Promoter DNA methylation patterns were confirmed in an independent patient cohort, with 11 miRNAs consistently showing an inverse correlation between DNA methylation status and expression level. Together, our findings characterize the role of epigenetic changes in the regulation of miRNA transcription and create a repository of disease-specific promoter regions that may provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of CLL.
Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy
Authors: Henry N. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

More and more often, a judge is called upon to make decisions that should be made by the legislative or executive branches of government after consultation with scientists and other experts. This book is the story of a court case in Salt Lake City, Utah, that, on May 10, 1984, resulted in an award of $2.66 million in damages to eight persons with leukemia, one with thyroid cancer, and another with breast cancer.  The cancers were judged to have been caused by the radioactive fallout from the atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons in southern Nevada during the 1950s and early 1960s. The judge ruled that the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) had failed to warn the downwind citizens of the dangers from fallout so that they could take simple precautionary measures, such as staying indoors during the tests. The initial decision was reversed subsequently by the Court of Appeals on the
Residential Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Survival after Heart Failure
Authors: Mercedes Medina-Ramón, Robert Goldberg, Steven Melly, Murray A. Mittleman, Joel Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAlthough patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown.ObjectiveThis study was designed to examine the mortality risk associated with residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution among HF patients.MethodsA total of 1,389 patients hospitalized with acute HF in greater Worcester, Massachusetts, during 2000 were followed for survival through December 2005. We used daily traffic within 100 and 300 m of residence as well as the distance from residence to major roadways and to bus routes as proxies for residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution. We assessed mortality risks for each exposure variable using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for prognostic factors.ResultsAfter the 5-year follow-up, only 334 (24%) subjects were still alive. An interquartile range increase in daily traffic within 100 m of home was associated with a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.25], whereas for traffic within 300 m this association was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01–1.19). The mortality risk decreased with increasing distance to bus routes (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81–0.96) and was larger for those living within 100 m of a major roadway or 50 m of a bus route (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13–1.49). Adjustment for area-based income and educational level slightly attenuated these associations.ConclusionsResidential exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the mortality risk after hospitalization with acute HF. Reducing exposure to traffic-related emissions may improve the long-term prognosis of HF patients.
Endocrine Scintigraphy with Hybrid SPECT/CT
Authors: Ka Kit Wong, Lorraine M. Fig, Ehab Youssef, Alice Ferretti, Domenico Rubello, Milton D. Gross
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2014)

Nuclear medicine imaging of endocrine disorders takes advantage of unique cellular properties of endocrine organs and tissues that can be depicted by targeted radiopharmaceuticals. Detailed functional maps of biodistributions of radiopharmaceutical uptake can be displayed in three-dimensional tomographic formats, using single photon emission computed tomography (CT) that can now be directly combined with simultaneously acquired cross-sectional anatomic maps derived from CT. The integration of function depicted by scintigraphy and anatomy with CT has synergistically improved the efficacy of nuclear medicine imaging across a broad spectrum of clinical applications, which include some of the oldest imaging studies of endocrine dysfunction.
Use of digitalisize and digitalize
Authors: R. James
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Aronson makes a good case for using the dreaded z when spelling words.1 But I know I shall be resistant, having long struggled to expunge the Americanisms from my spellchecker. Why not accept the French influence?

But digitalize? When using digitalis surely we should digitalisize. This would leave us free to digitalize when treating the patient as a number rather than a person and to digitize when examining the rectum.
My route to a steroid psychosis
Authors: S. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In November 1997a renal biopsy showed the pathognomic signs of Goodpasture's syndrome. Eight months earlier I had had a mysterious septicaemic illness for which no aetiological agent was ever found and from which I apparently recovered.

However, over the ensuing months the antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies were silently accumulating until they reached levels that were off the measurable scale. By the time I presented to the renal unit at Manchester Royal Infirmary, my renal function was terminally compromised.

The therapeutic plan adopted a three-fold approach. Firstly, switch off the antibody production using cyclophosphamide 150 mgs daily. Secondly, remove the existing antibodies by a process of immunoabsorption. The machines for this procedure are few and far between and rarely used. Goodpasture's syndrome is in itself a rare disease—only one person in a million develops it each year. The third part of the strategy was to protect my remaining nephrons from the dangerously high levels of …