tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Lecture ON CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Authors: A. G. Auld
Journal: BMJ (1908)

scratches or sores of mucous membrane and skin which may be produced through the violence of movement.Qf drugs -for this graver type of case, the most service- able seems to me a combination of bromides and chloral.Ia the p)resent case, bromides were at first used every three hours with insufficient effect.It was only when chloral was added that a sufficient restraining action on the movements was effected.The bromides were given in doses of 30 grains every three hours or thereby.Chloral was then added, first to the extent of 20 grains, which had little effect, and then twelve hours later In 30 grain dose.Fortunately this succeeded In giving the patient four hours' sleep.On the following night a similar dose afforded seven hours' sleep.Daring the deep sleep the muscuiar phenomena disappeared almost com- pletely.On awaklig from sleep, the patient presented some of the old violence of movement, but he seemed extremely tired.After the second night's sleep, he remained profoundly exhausted, and this has continued.The pulse remains rapid and the temperature elevated (1000 F.).This is of grave omen, all the graver that now he has begun to show disinclination for food.When I saw him, a few minutes before coming 'to lecture, it was hopeless to think of bringing him to the clinical theatre.I must content myself by inviting you to pay a-quiet visit to his bedside.The outlook is most dubious.Fatal collapse seems imminently threatened.POSTSCRIPT.[For two days the patient continued to get progressively weaker.Feeding became extremely difficult.At the f'nd of forty-eight hours the temperature fell abruptly to 970 F. The pulse got very rapid (about 144) and almost indeter- minable.Six hours later the collapse ended fatally.'Unfortunately the patient's father resolutely refased a post-morftm examination.The day after the lecture was delivered there appeared in the Lrmwet (January 18th, 1908) a Note on Certain Pupillay Signs In Chorea by Dr. F. Langmead.After dwelling on the paucity of observations regarding the pupil in chorea, he reports that he has sometimes observed the occurrenc of hippus in children more than slightly affected by the stheitic type of chorea.I have pleasure in citing this, because so far as a further glance through the literature reveals, It is, apart from the observations recorded in the lecture, the only reference to 'the phenomenon as occurring In chorea.
Activation pathways of synovial T lymphocytes. Expression and function of the UM4D4/CDw60 antigen.
Authors: D A Fox, J A Millard, L Kan, W S Zeldes, W Davis, J Higgs, F Emmrich, R W Kinne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Accumulating evidence implicates a central role for synovial T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, but the activation pathways that drive proliferation and effector function of these cells are not known. We have recently generated a novel monoclonal antibody against a rheumatoid synovial T cell line that recognizes an antigen termed UM4D4 (CDw60). This antigen is expressed on a minority of peripheral blood T cells, and represents the surface component of a distinct pathway of human T cell activation. The current studies were performed to examine the expression and function of UM4D4 on T cells obtained from synovial fluid and synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disease. The UM4D4 antigen is expressed at high surface density on about three-fourths of synovial fluid T cells and on a small subset of synovial fluid natural killer cells; in synovial tissue it is present on more than 90% of T cells in lymphoid aggregates, and on approximately 50% of T cells in stromal infiltrates In addition, UM4D4 is expressed in synovial tissue on a previously undescribed population of HLA-DR/DP-negative non-T cells with a dendritic morphology. Anti-UM4D4 was co-mitogenic for both RA and non-RA synovial fluid mononuclear cells, and induced IL-2 receptor expression. The UM4D4/CDw60 antigen may represent a functional activation pathway for synovial compartment T cells, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis.
Letter by Drinka Regarding Article, “Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Death Due to Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study”
Authors: Paul Drinka
Journal: Circulation (2009)

To the Editor:Noda et al 1 reported that reduced low-density lipoprotein levels were associated with an elevated risk of death due to intraparenchymal hemorrhage.Lesions of the penetrating branches of cerebral arteries cause lacunar infarcts and hemorrhagic stroke.Fisher examined serial sections from the parent artery through the lacunae. 2,3He found atheroma and thrombosis in some and obstructing lipohyalin degeneration in others.Atheroma involved arteries 400 to 900 in diameter, whereas lipohyalin degeneration involved arteries Ͻ200 in diameter.Lipohyalin degeneration produced a thinned wall composed of connective tissue shreds.In some patients this resulted in false aneurysm resembling the Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms of brain hemorrhage.The location of lesions in the penetrating arteries (ie, proximal atheromas versus distal lipohyalin degeneration) may explain an inverse relationship between cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke.Perhaps atheromatous proximal flow restriction facilitated by elevated low-density lipoproteins protects the distal artery from hypertension, lipohyalin degeneration, false aneurysm formation, and hemorrhagic rupture.
Expression of hepatitis B virus X protein in HBV-infected human livers and hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Qin Su, Claus H. Schröder, Walter J. Hofmann, Gerd Otto, Rudolf Pichlmayr, Peter Bannasch
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Transactivation of cellular genes and functional inactivation of p53 by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene-encoded protein (HBx) are proposed as alternative mechanisms for induction of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in chronic HBV infection. Using an immunohistochemical approach, we studied the expression of HBx in 39 explanted livers with HBV-associated disease. Because the data reported previously have been inconsistent, possibly due to the application of different antibodies, we compared results with 5 polyclonal and 6 monoclonal anti-HBx antibodies from five laboratories. Ten of the 11 antibodies reacted with recombinant HBx by Western blotting, but only 1 polyclonal and 2 monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with HBx in tissue, and were thus suitable for immunohistochemistry. Three other polyclonal antibodies reacted with tissue components in addition to HBx. One polyclonal and 4 monoclonal antibodies did not recognize the HBx in the tissue. HBx was demonstrated in 16 of 30 (53.3%) cirrhotic livers and 10 of 18 (58.8%) HCCs by all specific antibodies. The expression of HBx, among three HBV antigens examined, was found to be preferentially maintained in HCC and the surrounding liver parenchyma, including focal or nodular preneoplastic lesions. However, the immunoreactivity was always limited to the cytoplasm of a small number of parenchymal and neoplastic cells. The role of X gene expression in HBV-associated human hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be established.
Sphingosine Kinase Activation Mediates Ischemic Preconditioning in Murine Heart
Authors: Zhu-Qiu Jin, Edward J. Goetzl, Joel S. Karliner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase (SK) is the rate-limiting step in the cellular synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The monoganglioside GM1, which stimulates SK, is cardioprotective in part through increased generation of S1P that protects myocytes by diverse mechanisms. Because protein kinase C (PKC)epsilon activation is necessary for myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and PKC activators increase SK activity, we tested the hypothesis that SK may be a central mediator of IPC.In adult murine hearts, IPC sufficient to reduce infarct size significantly increased cardiac SK activity, induced translocation of SK protein from the cytosol to membranes, and enhanced cardiac myocyte survival. IPC did not increase SK activity in PKCepsilon-null mice. The SK antagonist N,N-dimethylsphingosine inhibited PKCepsilon activation and directly abolished the protective effects of IPC and the enhanced SK activity induced by IPC.These findings demonstrate that PKCepsilon is thus recruited by IPC and induces activation of SK that then mediates IPC-induced cardioprotection in murine heart.
Contempo '81. Dermatology
Authors: R. W. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Advances in the diagnosis, understanding, and treatment of skin diseases, like those in most areas of medicine, have become increasingly dependent on new technology or new basic science observations. Three examples of this general trend, with some exceptions, will be briefly considered. <h3>In Utero Biopsy for Cutaneous Disease: Accomplishments and Potential</h3> Refinement of the techniques of fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy has permitted the diagnosis of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in a fetus at the 20th week of gestation.<sup>1</sup>Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It is usually classified as a type of ichthyosis and is manifested in early postnatal life by erosions, blisters, and thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis. Lesions may be produced in apparently uninvolved areas of skin by mild frictional trauma. The disease is especially suited for prenatal diagnosis because, in affected families, it has a 50% chance of occurrence with each
The Selection of Medical Students — 1964
Authors: Charles A. Doan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE recruitment and selection of students best qualified for a medical career is a constantly recurring challenge of the first order of magnitude to medical educators in every generation. It will be readily agreed, I am sure, that the quality of future medical practice, as well as the quantity and quality of medical research, will inevitably depend upon the moral fiber, intellectual integrity and inherent genius of today's premedical students. The problem is to discover and recognize, as early as possible, the eager, emerging student scholar with inquisitive mind and present to him the thrill of biologic discovery and its . . .
Management of Complications of Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: M. D. Michaelson, S. E. Cotter, P. C. Gargollo, A. L. Zietman, D. M. Dahl, M. R. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Treatment of men with prostate cancer commonly involves surgical, radiation, or hormone therapy. Most men with prostate cancer live for many years after diagnosis and may never suffer morbidity or mortality attributable to prostate cancer. The short-term and long-term adverse consequences of therapy are, therefore, of great importance. Adverse effects of radical prostatectomy include immediate postoperative complications and long-term urinary and sexual complications. External beam or interstitial radiation therapy in men with localized prostate cancer may lead to urinary, gastrointestinal, and sexual complications. Improvements in surgical and radiation techniques have reduced the incidence of many of these complications. Hormone treatment typically consists of androgen deprivation therapy, and consequences of such therapy may include vasomotor flushing, anemia, and bone density loss. Numerous clinical trials have studied the role of bone antiresorptive therapy for prevention of bone density loss and fractures. Other long-term consequences of androgen deprivation therapy may include adverse body composition changes and increased risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Ongoing and planned clinical trials will continue to address strategies to prevent treatment-related side effects and improve quality of life for men with prostate cancer.
Hodgkin's Disease and the Pregnant Patient
Authors: RAMONA M. CHAPMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1982Hodgkin's Disease and the Pregnant PatientRAMONA M. CHAPMAN, M.D., WILLIAM H. CROSBY, M.D.RAMONA M. CHAPMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM H. CROSBY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-681 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the December 1981 issue Jacobs and colleagues (1), with somewhat faulty logic, discuss the management of pregnant patients with Hodgkin's disease. They recommend local radiation in inadequately staged women. A good rule in planning curative cancer therapy is to treat local disease with local therapy (surgery or radiation); treat systemic disease with systemic therapy (drugs). Application of this rule led to the successful practice of staging and treating patients with Hodgkin's disease.But in the pregnant woman adequate staging is proscribed. She is, by necessity, understaged. When laparotomy is omitted there is a 30% chance of...References1. JACOBSDONALSONROSENBERGKAPLAN CSSH. Management of the pregnant patient with Hodgkin's disease. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:669-75. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HALL E. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. New York: Harper and Row; 1973;231-9. Google Scholar3. DALYMCCANNHANRATTYTEMPERELY HSTU. Successful pregnancy during combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Acta Haematol. 1980;64:154-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JONESWEINERMAN RB. MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) given during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1979;54:477-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. JOHNSONFILSHIE IG. Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1977;84:791-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RAMONA M. CHAPMAN, M.D.; WILLIAM H. CROSBY, M.D.Affiliations: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington, DC 20012 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPregnancy and Malignancy: Balancing the IssuesMaligne LymphomeHodgkin’s Disease 1 May 1982Volume 96, Issue 5Page: 681-682KeywordsDrug therapyHodgkin lymphomaLaparotomyPregnancyRadiation therapySurgerySystemic diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
IgE‐binding components of cultured human keratinocytes in atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome and their crossreactivity with <i>Malassezia furfur</i>
Authors: O. Kortekangas‐Savolainen, S. Peltonen, K. Pummi, K. Kalimo, J. Savolainen
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) patients display immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity to several antigens, e.g. saprophytic yeasts as Malassezia furfur. AEDS patients also show IgE autoreactivity towards cells of their own tissue including epidermis.The aim of this study was to investigate the IgE autoreactivity of AEDS patients to cultured keratinocytes and to reveal potential crossreacting epitopes in cultured keratinocytes and M. furfur.Serum samples of 27 AEDS patients were analyzed, of these 13 were M. furfur radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positive and 14 negative. Four urticaria, three psoriasis, and seven nonatopic patients were included as controls. The studies were performed by using IgE immunoblotting and immunoblotting inhibition methods.Ten IgE-binding protein bands were detected in cultured human keratinocytes by IgE immunoblotting using sera from adult AEDS patients. Anti-keratinocyte IgE antibodies were more associated with elevated S-IgE level than M. furfur RAST. Clear crossreactivity with M. furfur could not be shown.The possible pathomechanism of anti-keratinocyte IgE antibodies is not due to IgE epitope mimicry of saprophytic yeast and local tissue in AEDS skin.
TM-14 * THE ANGIOGENIC SWITCH LEADS TO A METABOLIC SWITCH IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: H. Miletic, K. Talasila, G. Rosland, E. Eskilsson, F. Azuaje, D. Stieber, N. Atai, H. Hagland, K.-J. Tronstad, T. Charalampos, R. van Noorden, S. Niclou, F. Thorsen, R. Bjerkvig
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Invasion and angiogenesis are two of the major hallmarks of glioblastoma growth. While tumor cells in angiogenic areas undergo hypoxic stress, invasive tumor cells are often found in less hypoxic areas and in close vicinity to brain vessels. This difference in microenvironment most likely influences the metabolic profile of these two different types of tumor cells. However, there is a lack of suitable in vivo models for malignant glioma to experimentally separate invasive and angiogenic tumor cells in order to analyze their metabolism. In the present study we used a human GBM xenograft model with EGFR amplification that grows invasive and independent of angiogenesis. This tumor undergoes an angiogenic switch upon overexpression of a dominant-negative EGFR mutant. Here, we show that the transcription factors Smad3, BHLHE40, CEB/P and STAT3 are central transcriptional regulators of the angiogenic switch in this model. By using the REMBRANDT database to assess the clinical relevance of our model, we found that genes upregulated in the angiogenic xenografts are also upregulated in patient GBMs compared to low grades, while the genes upregulated in the invasive tumors are upregulated in low-grade gliomas compared to GBMs. Within the xenograft model, we analyzed the metabolic differences between invasive and angiogenic tumor phenotypes. In vivo MRI spectroscopy showed an upregulation of lactate and glutamine in the angiogenic compared to invasive xenografts. The upregulation of glycolysis in angiogenic xenografts was confirmed by enzymehistochemistry of key enzymes, which in addition showed a substantial upregulation of pentose-phosphate pathway activity. Analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain revealed reduction of complex I in angiogenic xenografts compared to invasive xenografts. Thus, the use of glycolysis for energy production within human GBMs is highly dependent on the specific microenvironment. The metabolic flexibility of GBM cells highlights the difficulty of targeting one specific metabolic pathway for therapy.
Potential False-Positive FDG PET Imaging Caused by Subcutaneous Radiotracer Infiltration
Authors: Stephen B. Chiang, Alan Rebenstock, Liang Guan, Jason Burns, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has been useful in the management of a variety of malignancies with high accuracy. However, numerous nonmalignant lesions can also result in increased FDG accumulation and consequently may cause potential false-positive interpretation if the causes are not recognized. A single focus of FDG accumulation in the axilla can often easily be attributed to tracer infiltration when the injection was on the same side. However, multiple foci of FDG uptake can be similar to malignant lesions. A case is presented in which the follow-up study clarified the nature of multifocal increased FDG uptake in the axilla.
Homosexuality: a psychoanalytic study.
Authors: Harold I. Lief
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This volume contains a detailed analysis of male homosexuality based on extensive statistical studies of 106 homosexual and 100 nonhomosexual comparison patients treated by psychoanalysis. Lengthy questionnaires were answered by 77 psychoanalysts, and their replies formed the raw data for the statistics and their interpretations. The extent of the statistical handling of the data is reflected in the 119 tables in the book. This ordinarily makes for dull reading, but the authors have included excellent summaries at the end of each chapter and a final chapter outlining the conceptual framework which seems to rest on the foundation of their results. Many case summaries are also appropriately placed throughout the book, breaking up the monotony of almost endless statistics.  There are two introductory chapters reviewing the literature and describing how the authors went about organizing their research; the remainder of the book is devoted to their findings. Chapter headings tell us
COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF COMBINED ASSESSMENT USING ADENOSINE STRESS CT PERFUSION (CTP) + COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (CTA) WITH TRANSLUMINAL ATTENUATION GRADIENT (TAG320) + CTA AGAINST INVASIVE FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE (FFR)
Authors: Dennis TL Wong, Brian SH Ko, James D. Cameron, Darryl P. Leong, Michael Leung, Yuvaraj Malaiapan, Nitesh Nerlekar, Marcus Crossett, John Troupis, Ian Meredith, Sujith Seneviratne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Registry of Fatal Infectious Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Authors: David T. Purtilo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have established a registry of fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections that provides consultation to physicians attending patients with life-threatening IM. Enlistment of patients in this registry provides an opportunity to study the pathogenesis of complications of IM and provides bases for developing rational therapeutic intervention. Fatal and life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders caused by EBV infection often arise from obstruction of airways or are caused by autoimmune suppression of blood elements producing hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, or aplastic anemia. Acquired agammaglobulinemia and immune complex deposit diseases are rarely noted. Often in IM, infiltration of lymphocytes causes dysfunction of visceral organs and the CNS. Rarely, neoplastic conversion of IM to malignant lymphoma is seen in patients who are immunodeficient. Requirements for enrolling cases in this registry include sending to us clinical, laboratory, and autopsy records along with blood and tissue microscopic slides and paraffin-embedded tissues
Defining the Role of Trimetazidine in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders: Some Insights on Its Role in Heart Failure and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Piotr Chrusciel, Jacek Rysz, Maciej Banach
Journal: Drugs (2014)

Trimetazidine is a cytoprotective drug whose cardiovascular effectiveness, especially in patients with stable ischemic heart disease, has been the source of much controversy in recent years; some have gone so far as to treat the medication as a 'placebo drug' whose new side effects, such as Parkinsonian symptoms, outweigh its benefits. This article is an attempt to present the recent key studies, including meta-analyses, on the use of trimetazidine in chronic heart failure, also in patients with diabetes mellitus and arrhythmia, as well as in peripheral artery disease. This paper also includes the most recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines, including those of 2013, on the use of trimetazidine in cardiovascular disease.
Patients' Cooperation With a Medical Regimen
Authors: Herbert S. Caron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Twenty-seven ward residents estimated their individual patients' adherence to an antacid regimen (ATR). The physicians' estimates were then compared with counts of the bottles of antacid actually consumed by the patients. The median patient took 46% of the prescribed medicine but the median physician's error of estimate was 32%. Of the 27 physicians, 22 overestimated their patients' ATR. Further, physicians were unable to distinguish those patients who adhered well from those who adhered poorly, even when the judgments were restricted only to those in which the physician indicated most confidence. The correlations between estimated and measured ATR clustered about zero. Accuracy did not vary with the amount of medicine prescribed, the number of patients judged, height of estimated or measured ATR, or the range or variability of the estimates.