tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized Cranial Tomography
Authors: Robert G. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Fineberg and his associates (238:224-227,1977) consider 19% an upper limit estimate of the marginal contribution of computerized cranial tomography (CCT) to changes in therapeutic plans during routine clinical practice at a teaching hospital. I agree with the authors' contention that utilization guidelines are important in assessing efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic plans. However, their observations on patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital during a 17-day period provide a very limited view of the possible applications of CCT to patient care.  patients referred for CCT came mostly from neurologists who possessed an impressive accuracy of diagnostic judgement prior to  The physician already knew the diagnosis with 100% certainty in fully one third of those patients whose therapy was altered in some say following CCT.  To truly appreciate the value of CCT, one needs to share a moment of decision with a practitioner in a hospital that
Synergy Recurrent Theme Of Cancer Therapy
Authors: F. S. Antoine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Synergy Recurrent Theme Of Cancer Therapy Get access Florence S. Antoine Florence S. Antoine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Pages 818–819, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.818 Published: 16 May 1990
Effect of pancreatic atrophy and hypertrophy on the small intestine.
Authors: G Adler, W Hausmann, K Elsebach, B Goke, H Lorenz-Meyer, L Herberg, R Arnold
Journal: Gut (1987)

Intestinal enzyme activities were investigated in mice with spontaneously occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), in rats after induction of pancreatic insufficiency by intraductal injection of oleic acid, and in rats after feeding a proteinase inhibitor (Camostate) which induced a marked pancreatic hypertrophy. An increase in saccharase activity and in vitro uptake of L-phenylalanine was found in EPI mice, while activities of alkaline phosphatase and lactase were not altered. In oleic acid induced pancreatic insufficiency and in pancreatic hypertrophy no alterations in enzyme activities were observed. Morphometric analysis revealed no alterations in mucosal surface of EPI mice. It was suggested that the small intestine adapts fuctionally to severe and long lasting pancreatic insufficiency, but not to pancreatic hypertrophy.
Metabolic disorders induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy and their relationship with vascular remodeling of the brachial artery in a population of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Rosario Rossi, Annachiara Nuzzo, Giovanni Guaraldi, Nicola Squillace, Gabriella Orlando, Roberto Esposito, Antonella Lattanzi, Maria G. Modena
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Accidental Firearm Fatalities
Authors: Norman B. Rushforth
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Richard B. Drooz, MD (238:43-45, 1977), contains a serious factual error that we wish to correct. In referring to our paper on accidental firearm fatalities,<sup>1</sup>he writes, "... the number of accidents due to keeping a handgun for selfdefense is obscured and swelled in several ways. Their description is unclear, but apparently they<i>counted suicides among accidental</i>deaths" [italics added]. The "Method" section of our publication states clearly that firearm fatalities are classified as accident, suicide, homicide, or violence of undetermined origin, and the medical and legal methods of classification, which were consistent over the 15 years reported, are described in some detail. We fail to see how anybody could come away with the impression that our accident data include firearm suicides. The paper in question reports 148 fatal firearm accidents (83% of which resulted from mishaps with handguns) in Cuyahoga County,
Identification of P1 gene domain containing epitope(s) mediating Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytoadherence.
Authors: S F Dallo, C J Su, J R Horton, J B Baseman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

A genomic library of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was constructed by cloning sheared genomic DNA into the expression vector lambda gt11. Recombinant clones were screened using anti-M. pneumoniae mAbs reactive with adhesin P1 epitopes that mediate cytadherence. 10 clones with different size inserts were isolated. These clones possessed P1 sequences localized to the COOH terminus of the P1 gene. All clones produced fusion proteins that reacted with acute and convalescent sera of patients infected with M. pneumoniae. Interestingly, one clone, P1-7, contained an epitope that was confined to a region of 13 amino acids present in the M. pneumoniae genome as a single copy. The identification of this cytadherence-related epitope permits the production of a synthetic peptide that can be used as a rational vaccine candidate and serodiagnostic probe.
Abstract 2750: Associations between genetic variability in folate metabolism and breast cancer survival
Authors: Nandita Das, Kathy B. Baumgartner, Richard A. Kerber, Shesh N. Rai, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Marian L. Neuhouser, Leslie Bernstein, Anne Mc Tiernan, Rachel Ballard-Barbash, Richard N. Baumgartner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism that is critical for DNA methylation, synthesis and repair. Since genetic polymorphisms may modify the efficiency of this enzyme, we tested the hypothesis that MTHFR modifies breast cancer (BC) survival using data from the Health, Eating, Activity and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study for 772 incident primary invasive cases (Stage I-IIIA). Over the 5-year follow-up there were 50 women diagnosed with a recurrence and 39 with a new primary. Over 7-years of follow-up, there were 160 deaths; 97 due to BC. In Cox proportional-hazards analysis, carriers of variant alleles of MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T (HR = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 1.14) and A1298C (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.00), had reduced mortality rates, adjusting for ER status and stage. In women with more severe disease who received chemotherapy, the HR was 5.6(95% CI: 2.8-10.9) for those without the T allele, and 4.3(95% CI: 2.1-9.1) for those with it present (p = 0.09) compared to those without the T allele and no chemotherapy treatment (Table 1). No interaction with chemotherapy was observed for A1298C. C677T may modify the association of chemotherapy in predicting BC survival. There is strong linkage disequilibrium between C677T and A1298C (Lewontin's D’ = 0.94) suggesting two different inheritance patterns; however, recombination between them is documented to be rare. These results should be explored further in clinical populations. Study of interactions with other genes in the folate metabolism pathway (BHMT, TS, MTR, MTRR, SHMT) with BC survival is under investigation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2750
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Women
Authors: Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The well-established fact that male sex is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) has been interpreted by some clinicians that CHD risk is lower for all women, that risk factors for CHD morbidity and mortality are somehow less predictive in women than in men, and that interventions to reduce that risk of CHD are inherently less effective in women. In this issue ofThe JOurnal, Schrott et al<sup>1</sup>describe the extent to which lipid abnormalities are treated in women, identifying those factors that are associated with achieving (or not achieving) goals in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels as set forth by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) guidelines. In 2763 postmenopausal women with documented CHD recruited into a clinical trial of estrogen replacement therapy, 91% did not meet the NCEP ATP-II goals of an LDL cholesterol level of 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) or
Decreased circulating levels of vitamin K and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in osteopenic elderly men
Authors: Michio Tamatani, Shigeto Morimoto, Masayoshi Nakajima, Keisuke Fukuo, Toshio Onishi, Shoichi Kitano, Tadaaki Niinobu, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Abstract 3603: Endoxifen pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in female mice
Authors: Matthew M. Ames, Joel M. Reid, Sarah A. Buhrow, Chad A. Walden, Stephanie L. Safgren, Matthew P. Goetz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In collaboration with NCI, we are developing endoxifen (END), the active metabolite of tamoxifen (TAM), as a drug for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen treated women with reduced or absent CYP2D6 enzyme activity have significantly lower END plasma concentrations. In a retrospective analysis of two different prospective tamoxifen trials (NCCTG and ABCSG), we have demonstrated that genetic or drug-induced reductions in CYP2D6 metabolism are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence in Tam treated ER positive breast cancer. To test the hypothesis that clinically relevant concentrations and exposures of END are achieved following oral administration of END, we characterized the pharmacokinetics of i.v. and oral END and oral TAM in female mice. Endoxifen was synthesized and provided by NCI/DTP. Plasma samples were analyzed using a validated reverse-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Following i.v. administration of a 1 mg/kg dose, peak plasma concentration, terminal elimination half-life and plasma clearance values were 0.26 µM, 6.5 h and 11.8 L/h/kg, respectively. Oral pharmacokinetics and bioavailability were determined following doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg. Peak plasma concentrations of 0.76 µM were achieved with a 50 mg/kg dose and plasma concentrations above 0.1 µM were maintained for longer than 8 h. Peak plasma concentrations of 8 µM were achieved with a 200 mg/kg dose and plasma concentrations above 2 µM were maintained for 24 h. Bioavailability was 50% and greater than 100% following the 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively. Based on pharmacokinetic data for oral END and TAM normalized to a 50 mg/kg oral dose, END plasma concentrations and total exposure were 20-fold greater following oral END as compared to oral TAM. In conclusion, END has high oral bioavailability in mice and substantial plasma concentrations are achieved and maintained after a single oral END dose. Compared to an equivalent oral dose of Tam, substantially higher END concentrations are achieved following oral END. These data suggest that the primary administration of End may overcome the limitations related to human CYP2D6 metabolism, and support the ongoing development of endoxifen as a primary therapy for ER breast cancer. Supported by the Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center Grant (CA15083) and the Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer SPORE (CA 116201; MMA, JMR, MPG). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3603.
Verotoxin and ricin have novel effects on preproendothelin-1 expression but fail to modify nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) expression and NO production in vascular endothelium.
Authors: M M Bitzan, Y Wang, J Lin, P A Marsden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Interaction of bipartite Escherichia coli O157-derived verotoxins (VTs) 1 and 2 (Shiga toxin 1 and 2) with vascular endothelium is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of the thrombotic microangiopathy and ischemic lesions characteristic of hemolytic uremic syndrome and of E. coli O157-associated hemorrhagic colitis. We defined the effects of VTs on the expression of potent endothelial cell-derived regulators of vascular wall function, namely endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). In quiescent bovine aortic endothelial cells, both VT1 and VT2, but not receptor-binding VT B-subunit which lacks N-glycosidase activity, induced concentration-dependent (0.1-10 nM) increases in steady state preproET-1 mRNA transcript levels, an effect that was maximal at 12-24 h. Metabolic-labeling experiments indicated that VTs increased preproET-1 mRNA transcript levels at concentrations that had trivial effects on nascent DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. In contrast to preproET-1, endothelin converting enzyme-1 and endothelial constitutive NO synthase mRNA transcript levels remained unchanged. Consistent with these findings, VTs failed to modulate immunoreactive endothelial constitutive NO synthase expression and basal and calcium-dependent L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline conversion or the NO chemiluminescence signal. The plant-derived toxin ricin, which shows a similar molecular mechanism of enzymatic ribosomal modification to VTs, caused comparable effects on these endothelial vasomediators and metabolite incorporation, at 3 log orders lower concentrations. Nuclear transcription and actinomycin D chase experiments indicated that VTs stabilize labile preproET-1 mRNA transcripts in endothelial cells. Therefore, VTs potently increase select mRNA transcript levels in endothelial cells at concentrations of toxins that have minimal effects on protein synthesis. Perturbed expression of endothelial-derived vasomediators may play a pathophysiologic role in the microvascular dysfunction that is the hallmark of hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis.
Chronic Heart Block in Dogs. A Method for Producing Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: T. E. STARZL, R. A. GAERTNER, Elizabeth Kelley
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A method is described for the production of chronic atrioventricular block in dogs, by incision of the region of the bundle of His through the open right atrium during temporary caval occlusion. Exercise tolerances, chest x-ray films, electrocardiograms, phonocardiograms, cardiac outputs, intracardiac pressures, femoral pressures, and left ventricular coronary flows were obtained preoperatively and from 1 to 10 months postoperatively. The majority of the animals developed clinical, laboratory, and pathological evidence of congestive heart failure. All animals had generalized myocardial hypertrophy.
Correlates of Anger and Hostility in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans
Authors: Eric B. Elbogen, H. Ryan Wagner, Sara R. Fuller, Patrick S. Calhoun, Patricia M. Kinneer, Jean C. Beckham
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

As troops return from Iraq and Afghanistan to civilian life, clinicians are starting to grapple with how best to detect those at risk of postdeployment adjustment problems. Data reveal the presence of mental health problems in these soldiers, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), head injury, and alcohol abuse. Each of these conditions has been associated with elevated anger and hostility in veterans from previous conflicts. The authors sought to identify variables empirically related to anger and hostility in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.A total of 676 veterans who served since September 11, 2001, and who volunteered to participate in research studies were interviewed with instruments designed to collect information on psychiatric symptoms, health, and possible postdeployment adjustment issues. The primary outcome measures were variables measuring aggressive impulses or urges, difficulty managing anger, and perceived problems controlling violent behavior.The three outcome measures were each significantly associated with PTSD hyperarousal symptoms. Other PTSD symptoms were less strongly and less consistently linked to anger and hostility. Traumatic brain injury and alcohol misuse were related to the outcome variables in bivariate but not multivariate analyses. Distinct sets of demographic, historical, and military-related variables were associated with the different facets of anger and hostility measured.The results underscore the need to tailor interventions individually to address anger and hostility effectively and to develop theoretically sophisticated, evidence-based knowledge to identify service members at risk of problematic postdeployment adjustment.
A NEW TREATMENT OF PHTHISIS.
Authors: HUBBARD WINSLOW MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Pulmonary phthisis or pulmonary tuberculosis is perhaps one of the most widespread diseases to which mankind is subject. It occurs in persons of all ages and in every country, and in all conditions of life. While tuberculosis occurs in nearly every organ of the body, the scope of this paper is confined to that form of the disease which attacks the lungs, and that form also which is known as acute tuberculosis. <h3>Cause.</h3> —The cause of phthisis pulmonalis is due to the introduction into the lungs of the microörganism known as the tubercle bacillus. The existence of this bacillus was suspected by many, but it was left for Koch to demonstrate its existence, and its invariable association with this special disease. The tubercle bacillus is a short, fine rod, slightly bent or curved, and hence the name often applied to it of the "bent rod." Its average length is from
A Lecture ON SOME ASPECTS OF POLIOMYELITIS: Delivered at the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, December 14th, 1909
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1910)

BRITISUeents an arrest of growth of the whole of the small intestine.The preparation was obtained by Mr. Abernethy from a boy aged 12 years, in whom the small bowel was -only 2 ft. in length; the colon measured 4 ft.Mr. H. S. 'Clogg'5 has recorded two very instructive cases of occlu- sion of the ileum; in one the ileum at Meckel's point was reduced to a thread; in the other the small intestine, which lay within an umbilical hernia, showed a complete absence of the segment of the bowel in the neighbourhood of Meckel's point.Dr. D. Waterston18 has also reported a case in which the ileum near Meckel's point was absent, the corresponding part of the mesentery showing a V-shaped deficiency.Occlusion at the Ileo-caecal Junction.Although cases of congenital occlusion at the ileo-caecal junction have been recorded, there are no representatives of the lesion in the metropolitan museums with the excep- tion of one in the college collection.Seeing that the musculature at the termination of the ileum is sphincteric in action, one may expect constrictions to occur at the ileo-caecal orifice similar to those which occur at the pylorus, but the only specimen I have seen which may represent such a lesion is No. 2522A in the college museum.The preparation was obtained from a woman, aged 62, who suffered from habitual constipation.The 'constriction at the ileo-caecal sphincter is supposed to result' from syphilis, but there is no evidence that this is the case.In the specimen of congenital ileo-caecal ,occlusion the lumen of the ileum is closed -in.above the ileo-caecal orifice.Congenital Occlusion of the Colon.This lesion is represented by only four preparations in 'the medical museums of London.In one the great intestine is absent beyond the hepatic flexure; in two 'the splenic flexure is represented merely by a thread which united the transverse and descending colons; in the 'fourth a septum occurs at the junction of the pelvic colon and rectum.Cougenital atresia of the colon is thus of uncommon occurrence; apparently the splenic fiexure is the part most frequently affected.Atresia at the 'termination of the rectum is by far the most common -point at which occlusion of the alimentary canal occurs.The specimens illustrating this lesion have been already 'described.'9
The Administration of a Public Health Agency: A Case Study of the New York City Department of Health
Authors: Steven D. Helgerson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The New York City Commissioner of Health has one of the toughest public health jobs in the United States. Reading about the experience of the commissioner and the New York City Department of Health can be useful for public health professionals in large cities everywhere. The author worked with the department during the 1970s and served as commissioner from 1977 to 1978. Because of remarkable social, political, and economic changes that occurred between the middle 1960s and 1980, he and the department had notable experience. However, experience, according to Aldous Huxley, "is not what happens to you; it is what you do with what happens to you."<i>The Administration of a Public Health Agency</i>reports events that have affected the Department of Health, but describes regrettably little about the experience stimulated by the events. The contents of the book fit into two categories: the evolution of organized public health activities
Health care rationing: the public's debate
Authors: A. Bowling
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To elicit the views of a large nationally representative sample of adults on priorities for health services.An interview survey based on a random sample of people aged 16 and over in Great Britain taken by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.The response rate to the survey was 75%, and the total number of adults interviewed was 2005.A priority ranking exercise of health services supplemented with attitude questions about priorities, who should set priorities, and budget allocation.The results of the main priority ranking exercise of 12 health services showed that the highest priority (rank 1) was accorded to "treatments for children with life threatening illness," the next highest priority (rank 2) was accorded to "special care and pain relief for people who are dying." The lowest priorities (11 and 12) were given to "treatment for infertility" and "treatment for people aged 75 and over with life threatening illness." Most respondents thought that surveys like this one should be used in the planning of health services.The public prioritise treatments specifically for younger rather than older people. There is some public support for people with self inflicted conditions (for example, through tobacco smoking) receiving lower priority for care, which raises ethical issues.
Histology for Pathologists
Authors: Larry I. Giltman
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal