tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuroligin 2 Drives Postsynaptic Assembly at Perisomatic Inhibitory Synapses through Gephyrin and Collybistin
Authors: Alexandros Poulopoulos, Gayane Aramuni, Guido Meyer, Tolga Soykan, Mrinalini Hoon, Theofilos Papadopoulos, Mingyue Zhang, Ingo Paarmann, Céline Fuchs, Kirsten Harvey, Peter Jedlicka, Stephan W. Schwarzacher, Heinrich Betz, Robert J. Harvey, Nils Brose, Weiqi Zhang, Frédérique Varoqueaux
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Venereal Affections of the Ear
Authors: W. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1852)

urie was of proper specific gravity; there was no albumen; the quan- tity secreted in the twenty-four hours was natural.The uterus was found to be still larger than natural, and in a state of partial prolapsus.The latter condition was the cause of her being unable to walk.On her return from the sea-side in September, as the sense of bearing down, and difficulty in walking or standing for any length of time con- tinued, with some amount of leucorrhoa, the cold water douche, with a tannic acid injection, were prescribed.These measures produced her complete recovery; the catamenia appeared naturally, and she was able to take proper exercise, becoming, in fact, " quite well."ON VENEREAL AFFECTIONS OF THE EAR.By WTTITAM HARVEY, Esq., Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary for Diseases of the Ear.THE ear is subject to both the gonorrhceal and syphilitic forms of the venereal disease: in the present paper I shall confine my remarks to gonorrhwal otitis and otorrhoea.As far as my reading has informed me, this disease of the ear has entirely escaped the notice of British surgical writers; I am not aware that even a single case is on record either in our systematic works on surgery, or in any of the English medical journals; and I am, on this account, the more anxious to call the attention of the profession to what I have found to be a most formidable and destructive disease.Every surgeon is familiar with an obstinate form of infantile otorrhea which occurs shortly after birth, not unfrequently destroying the organ, and producing, as a consequence, both deafness and dumbness for life.Is the lining membrane of the external meatus, like that of the conjunctiva, susceptible of the contagion of gonorrhoeal matter, and the specific inflammation which constitutes that disease?This very natural inference has for many years suggested itself to me, in reflecting upon these most miserable cases.My attention was, how- ever, newly awakened to this possibility by the following case, which occurred in my Dispensary practice in the spring of 1849.J. B., a baker's man, aged twenty-three, had been confined to his bed for ten days With gonorrhceal inflammation of the urethra and swelled testicle.The account he gave of himself was, that during his confinement in bed, he had been seized with intense itching in his ear, accompanied with paroxysms of pain; and shortly afterwards, there issued a profuse yellowish discharge from the meatus auditonus externus.The pain in some measure subsiding shortly after the dis- charge had set in, he delayed speaking of it to his medical attendant for two days.tTpon exining the ear at this period, I found the auricle red and swollen, a profuse discharge from the meatus, and the mucous membrane red and thickened.Having cleansed the parts from the discharge, for the purpose of more accurately examining the condition of the membranum tympani, I found this membrane already
Coronary arteriography and coronary artery bypass surgery: morbidity and mortality in patients ages 65 years or older. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
Authors: B J Gersh, R A Kronmal, R L Frye, H V Schaff, T J Ryan, A J Gosselin, G C Kaiser, T Killip
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Of 2144 patients age 65 years or older entered into the registry of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) who had coronary arteriography, 1086 underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Complications of angiography included death in four patients and nonfatal myocardial infarction in 17. Eight patients suffered neurologic complications, which were transient in five. The perioperative mortality was 5.2% (57 of 1086), which is significantly greater than the perioperative mortality of 1.9% (151 of 7827) in patients younger than 65 years entered in CASS (p less than 0.001). There was a trend toward an increased mortality rate with age; it was 4.6% (37 of 803) in patients age 65-69 years, 6.6% (16 of 241) in those 70-74 years and 9.5% (four of 42) in those 75 years or older. The duration of hospital stay after operation was significantly longer for the patients 65 years or older than for the patients younger than 65 (13.3 vs 11.4 days; p less than 0.001). Stepwise linear discriminant analysis identified five variables predictive of perioperative mortality: presence of 70% or more stenosis of the left main coronary artery and a left-dominant circulation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, a history of current cigarette smoking, pulmonary rales on auscultation, and presence of one or more associated medical diseases. A second linear discriminant analysis, incorporating 7658 CASS patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery irrespective of age, examined whether age 65 years or older was an independent predictor of perioperative mortality. The variables selected, in order of significance, were congestive cardiac failure score, left main coronary artery stenosis and a left-dominant circulation, age 65 years or older, left ventricular wall motion score, sex and history of unstable angina pectoris. In patients 65 years or older, the mortality from coronary arteriography is low, whereas mortality from coronary artery bypass surgery is greater than that in CASS patients younger than 65 years.
Energy-Linked Calcium Transport in Subcellular Fractions of the Failing Rat Heart
Authors: JOHN R. MUIR, NARANJAN S. DHALLA, JOSEFINA M. ORTEZA, ROBERT E. OLSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The isolated rat heart perfused without substrate provides a good model in which to study biochemical changes in the failing myocardium. In this preparation, there is a decline in the ability of both the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum to accumulate calcium in the absence of oxalate after 30 minutes of perfusion. Calcium binding by mitochondria fell from control levels of 47 ± 8 mµmoles/mg protein to 17.5 ± 4.9 mµmoles/mg protein and that by microsomes from 29.8 ± 5.1 mµmoles/mg protein to 15.2 ± 4.8 mµmoles/mg protein. This drop coincided with die start of the decline in myocardial contractility. The calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the presence of oxalate decreased from control levels of 534.1 ± 32.0 to 160.5 ± 27.2 mµmoles/mg protein after 2 hours of perfusion, at which time the myocardial contractility had dropped to below 10% of control levels. This change in the calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is associated with an increase in its ATPase activity from 1.91 ± 0.21 to 3.00 ± 0.31 µmoles P 1 /mg protein/min over 2 hours of perfusion without substrate. This suggests that there is an uncoupling of the microsomal ATP-dependent calcium pump in these late stages of heart failure due to substrate lack. The change in calcium binding to reticulum occurred in association with the onset of contractile failure, whereas changes in calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate were delayed and probably represent irreversible disorganization of the intracellular membranes.
Exhaled NO during graded changes in inhaled oxygen in man
Authors: L. Schmetterer, K. Strenn, J. Kastner, H. G. Eichler, M. Wolzt
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is present in the exhaled air of animals and humans. In isolated animal lungs the amount of exhaled NO is decreased during hypoxia. A study was undertaken to determine whether changes in arterial oxygen tension affect levels of exhaled NO in humans. METHODS: Sixteen healthy subjects were randomised to inhale different gas mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen in a double blind crossover study. Eight gas mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen (fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) 0.1 to 1.0) were administered. Exhaled NO was measured with a chemiluminescence detector from end expiratory single breath exhalation. RESULTS: A dose-dependent change in exhaled NO during graded oxygen breathing was observed (p = 0.0012). The mean (SE) exhaled NO concentration was 31 (3) ppb at baseline, 39 (4) ppb at an FiO2 of 1.0, and 26 (3) ppb at an FiO2 of 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: The NO concentration in exhaled air in healthy humans is dependent on oxygen tension. Hyperoxia increases the level of exhaled NO, which indicates increased NO production. The mechanism behind this phenomenon remains to be elucidated.
MMR vaccine and autism
Authors: H. E Bedford, D. A C Elliman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> There is limited information on the distribution of <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails, an important snail intermediate host of schistosomiasis, in East Africa. This study assessed the incidence and geographical distribution of <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Maximum Entropy modeling was used to predict the potential distribution of <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails, in line with habitat suitability. Malacological surveys were then conducted guided by MaxEnt predictions and information obtained from previous research papers. The surveys were conducted at a total of 156 sites including streams, rivers, lake shores, dams and irrigation canals over a 3-year period (2018 to 2020). Geographical coordinates, ecological and physicochemical information was recorded for the sites visited. Snails were identified morphologically, based on shell characters using established identification keys. <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails were found at 23.07% (36/156) of the sites sampled. Streams proved to be the habitats most preferred by <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails (50% of all of the sites where the snails were found were streams), followed by rivers (20.6%), irrigation canals (8.8%), lake shores (8.8%), springs (5.9%), and dams (5.9%) with snail abundance increasing with increase in temperature and decrease in water depth. <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails were found in the Lake Victoria basin, Mwea Irrigation Scheme and Eastern Province of Kenya, the Lake Albert region, Lango region, Soroti district, Lower Moshi irrigation scheme, Babati district, Iringa region, Tabora region and Kigoma region. Information on the distribution of <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails in East Africa will aid in developing prevention and control strategies for schistosomiasis. <h3>AUTHOR SUMMARY</h3> Few studies have been conducted on the distribution of <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails in East Africa with previous studies mostly isolated projects restricted to single divisions, districts and regions. Knowledge on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts can be helpful in establishing schistosomiasis transmission surveillance systems for detecting emerging and prevailing incidences of schistosomiasis. We undertook malacological surveys of freshwater sites across Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. A total of 156 sites were sampled and <i>Biomphalaria</i> snails were found at 36 of the sites. Streams yielded the highest number of snails, in comparison to the other habitats that were sampled. Temperature and water depth were established to be statistically significant ecological and physicochemical factors that influence incidences and abundance of the snails. This study provides important information on the distribution of an important snail intermediate host in East Africa and the knowledge obtained herein can be helpful in establishing appropriate schistosomiasis control initiatives.
THE LS-ANTIGEN OF VACCINIA
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, Charles L. Hoagland, Theodore Shedlovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Pure LS-antigen of vaccinia contains 15.8 per cent N and 50.6 per cent C. These analytical data together with the absence of lipids, phosphorus, nucleic acid, and glucosamine in preparations of the antigen confirm the protein nature of the substance. The action of proteolytic enzymes on LS offers further confirmation of the protein character of the antigen. Both the L- and S-activities of the antigen are destroyed by digestion with papain. The effects of crystalline chymotrypsin on LS-antigen are particularly interesting for, under proper conditions, this enzyme destroys the serological activity of the S-portion of the molecule without affecting the L-portion. This newly prepared degradation product of LS, called LS'', contains the same amount of N as the native substance but unlike LS, it forms needle-shaped crystalloids.
59 Anti-HCV NS3 serine protease intrabodies act in an unusual inhibition mechanism and have an additive inhibitory effect with IFN-α
Authors: M. Gal-Tanamy, R. Zemel, O. Pupko, M. Yi, L. Bachmatov, G. Denisova, J.M. Gershoni, S.M. Lemon, I. Benhar, R. Tur-Kaspa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
INDETERMINATE LEPROSY.
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article INDETERMINATE LEPROSY: A New Clinical Variety. Get access G. H. FINDLAY G. H. FINDLAY Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 3, 1 March 1951, Pages 100–104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13696.x Published: 01 March 1951
Effects of Lower Surgical Fees on the Use of Physician Services Under Medicare
Authors: José J. Escarce
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The changes in physician fees that will occur under the resource-based Medicare Fee Schedule (MFS) are similar to those that took place under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87), when Medicare fees for selected "overpriced" procedures and diagnostic tests were reduced. To gain insight regarding the changes in utilization that may occur under the MFS, this study examines the effects of the OBRA 87 fee reductions on the use of physician services by Medicare patients.The five specialties that were most affected by the OBRA 87 fee reductions were studied: ophthalmology, thoracic surgery, urology, orthopedic surgery, and gastroenterology. Medicare physician claims files for 1987 and 1989 were used to obtain data on utilization and fees. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the effect of changes in fees on changes in utilization.The best estimate of the effect of the OBRA 87 fee reductions on overall physician-services utilization, obtained by pooling the five study specialties, was that every 1% decrease in fees led to a 0.09% decrease in the volume and complexity of services (95% confidence interval, 0.49% decrease to 0.31% increase). This result was not sensitive to minor changes in the covariates included in the regression model.To calculate payment levels during the transition to the MFS, the Health Care Financing Administration assumed that physicians whose Medicare revenue declines under the MFS will increase service volume and complexity enough to make up one half of the lost revenue. The findings of this study suggest that the Health Care Financing Administration's assumption was, at best, extreme.
The SPOT-ELISA assay in a study of the immune response following primary and supplementary vaccination with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine in insulin dependent diabetic patients (IDDM) matched controls
Authors: P.J. Wisnans, J. van Hattum, G.C. Mudde, K.P. Bouter, R.J.A. Diepersloot, R.J. Emdeman, J. Poel, G.C. de Gast
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
THE FETISH OF TRIPLY DISTILLED WATER
Authors: WILLIAM J. ELSER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In a recent article discussing the means of preventing the occurrence of chills following the transfusion of citrated blood, Lewisohn and Rosenthal<sup>1</sup>in their conclusions said: "The use of solutions prepared with triple distilled water is indispensable." This advice has become traditional in our literature since the time when it was first introduced in an attempt to avoid the reactions that followed the intravenous administration of arsphenamine, apparently on the theory that, if one distillation is good, three distillations must of necessity be three times as good. The question, however, appears not to have been subjected to critical analysis. In the ordinary practice of redistillation, distilled water is taken from a still of the Stokes, Barnstead or similar design and distilled again in a glass apparatus, usually made of pyrex glass but sometimes made of quartz, in which there is a tight connection, sometimes glass to glass, between the
The PUVA-turban as a new option of applying a dilute psoralen solution selectively to the scalp of patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Stefanie C. Behrens-Williams, Ulrike Leiter, Ralf Schiener, Michael Weidmann, Ralf U. Peter, Martina Kerscher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
DISPOSAL OF THE STUMP IN APPENDICITIS OPERATIONS.
Authors: W. D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

No achievement so fittingly typifies the triumphs of the last decade as does the mastery of the most important surgical lesion in the abdomen—inflamma-inflammation of the vermiform appendix. In 1886-7 Fitz, Sands and Weir made the epoch-making contributions to the diseases of the right iliac fossa that lifted them from the doubt of misconceived pathology and placed them in the pale of surgical resource. In 1889, McBurney completed the last link in the chain of its natural history by recognizing the necessity for prompt surgical interference and advocating its more general practice. Since then every shade of opinion in the spectrum of logic has been entertained. No subject has ever so engrossed the energy of surgeons whose individual experiences have been so keenly scrutinized, and yet whose results have been so positive and convincing. This subject can not be trite on account of its great seriousness. The contributions to its
Abstract 1227: Inhibition of the RSK2-ATF1 signaling axis by eriodictyol suppresses neoplastic cell transformation
Authors: Kangdong Liu, Yong-Yeon Cho, Ke Yao, Angelo Pugliese, Duo Zheng, Jishai Zhang, Zhiwei He, Margarita Malakhova, Wei-Ya Ma, Ann Bode, Ziming Dong, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), a member of the p90RSK (RSK) family of proteins, is a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase and its activation enhances cell proliferation. Here we report that activating transcription factor 1(ATF1) is a novel substrate of RSK2 and the RSK2-ATF1 signaling axis plays an important role in neoplastic cell transformation. RSK2 phosphorylates ATF1 at Ser63 and enhances the transactivation and transcriptional activities of ATF1. Computational modeling, high-through put screening and in vitro pull down assays demonstrated that eriodictiol, a flavanone found in fruits, binds with the N-terminal kinase domain and linker region of RSK2 and inhibits RSK2 N-terminal kinase activity. In a cell culture system, eriodictyol treatment suppressed phosphorylation of ATF1, but did not affect phosphorylation of RSK, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p38 or JNKs, indicating that eriodictyol specifically inhibits RSK2 signaling. Furthermore, eriodictyol inhibited RSK2-mediated ATF1 transactivation activity and cell transformation induced by tumor promoters in JB6 Cl41 mouse skin epidermal cells. In a foci formation assay, knockdown of RSK2 or ATF1 suppressed foci formation compared with RasG12V, RasG12V/RSK2, RasG12V/ATF1 and RasG12V/RSK2/ATF1 expressing cells. In addition, eriodictyol treatment showed the same effect as RSK2 knockdown in foci formation. Taken together, these results indicated that the RSK2-ATF1 signaling axis plays an important role in neoplastic cell transformation and eriodictyol is a new natural compound for selectively inhibiting RSK2 kinase activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1227.
Importance of health research in South Asia
Authors: Ritu Sadana, Carol D'Souza, Adnan A Hyder, A Mushtaque R Chowdhury
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Asian countries face similar health problems and would benefit from collaboration in health research 

Research is essential to guide improvements in health systems and develop new initiatives.1 South Asia has a quarter of the world's population, weak public sector health care, and a staggering disease burden, and thus research is particularly important. Although investment has increased in infrastructure for health research over the past decade, gaps remain in evidence to guide reduction of important problems such as communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, childhood diseases, and nutritional deficiencies.2 Furthermore, even when technical knowledge is available, political commitment, managerial competencies, and incentives for changing behaviour within health systems are often lacking.3–5

Despite diversity in their geographical, linguistic, and political structures, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka face common health challenges. Most bear a triple burden of persisting infectious diseases, increasing chronic conditions, and a growing recognition of injuries and violence. Incomplete demographic transitions, HIV and AIDS, massive unplanned urbanisation, and a host of social determinants of health compound these problems.6 Another common characteristic is that national estimates of health mask large variations within countries (fig 1).7 8



Fig 1 
Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by gross domestic product per capita9



Health systems across the region also have to confront challenges such as a lack of evidence based policies and limited social accountability. With no or limited national health insurance schemes and the large role of the private sector, individuals face high out of pocket payments on top of other economic and social consequences of ill health (fig 2).10 In many countries, the devolution of financial responsibility for health services has outpaced capacity and decision making authority, contributing to fragmentation of policies and services.11 Striking …
Fetal Electrocardiography
Authors: Terry M. Buxton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This study in fetal electrocardiography was undertaken to evaluate the clinical accuracy of a simple, inexpensive preamplifier and a standard electrocardiograph. Two hundred and fifty-four patients were studied. These were divided into three groups. In group 1, consisting of 200 patients with normal pregnancy, positive fetal electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in 179 (89.5%), including one set of clinically unsuspected twins. In group 2, of ten patients in normal active labor, positive tracings were obtained in all ten between uterine contractions and in nine during contractions as well. Group 3 consisted of 44 diagnostic problem patients (suspected fetal death, twin pregnancy, pseudocyesis, hydatid mole, and arrhythmia); fetal electrocardiography established a correct diagnosis in 42 cases (95%).
Necrotizing fasciitis with polymyositis.
Authors: A Carruthers, J Carruthers, P Wright
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Sodiu stibolucom^e F 40 F 1. F4 - 40 3 9 102 2 3 74 -922positive,I-n 904eu -lbln asd oemroweaiainsoe 36 96_ 3 5-5_ FIG.-Case 1t Four-hourly temperature chart.pah,ada striking pancytopenia (haemoglobin 5-6 g/dl,W.B.C. 2-3 x 109/1 (neutropbils 0-5 x 109/1), platelets 29 x 1011/l).The Rose-Waaler test was positive, and the serum y-globulin raised.Bone marrow examination showed numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies.Close questioning of the parents revealed that the baby had been taken to Alicante, Spain, at the age of 6 weeks.Positive serological tests for Leishmania antibody and the culture of leptomonads from the aspirated marrow confirmed the diagnosis of kala- azar.She was treated with sodium stibogluconate 10 mg kg of body weight-' day-' for 10 days.Her fever subsided slowly and her blood count gradually retumed to normal.Her spleen and liver shrank rapidly but about five weeks after finishing treatment she relapsed with fever and recurrent splenomegaly.Another 10-day course was given, and after that she remained well.We thank Professor 0.