tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blastomycosis: Leave It to Beaver
Authors: William E. Dismukes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In this issue, Klein and a cadre of epidemiologists, mycologists, and clinical and public health investigators describe the largest reported outbreak of acute blastomycosis with a known source; it involved persons attending an environmental camp on the Eagle River in Wisconsin.1 Klein et al. provide important new information about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of blastomycosis, one of the important endemic systemic mycoses in North America. Earlier studies have characterized the morphologic and growth features of the causative dimorphic fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, as well as the clinical disease.Primary infection in humans takes place after inhalation of oval conidia . . .
MDC1 Cleavage by Caspase-3: A Novel Mechanism for Inactivating the DNA Damage Response during Apoptosis
Authors: Stéphanie Solier, Yves Pommier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Recently, we identified the "apoptotic ring," containing phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), as an early chromatin modification during apoptosis. Because γ-H2AX initiates the DNA damage response (DDR), we tested whether the apoptotic H2AX response leads to the full recruitment of the DDR factors that normally coordinate DNA repair and cell-cycle checkpoints. We show that the apoptotic H2AX response does not recruit the DDR factors because MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1), which normally binds to γ-H2AX in response to DNA damage and amplifies the DDR, is cleaved by caspase-3. This cleavage separates the BRCT and FHA domains of MDC1 and constitutes a novel mechanism for the inactivation of DNA repair in apoptotic cells. Also, we show that downregulation of MDC1 increases the apoptotic response to TRAIL. Together, these results implicate MDC1 in the cellular apoptotic response.
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Electrophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ABSTRACT Cardiac Arrhythmias offers an exciting account of the recent major advances in electrophysiology of the human heart. These advances result from the use of the intracardiac catheter electrode to obtain bundle of His ECGs, programmed stimulation studies, and endocardial and epicardial mapping studies. Such knowledge provides a rational foundation for the uses of both old and new antiarrhythmic agents, cardiac pacing, and surgical intervention in the diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias in humans; moreover, it has confirmed the fundamental role of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias and the importance of understanding the clinical circumstances at the onset of an arrhythmia. This information from human beings supersedes much of the older data derived from animals and isolated muscle strip experiments.Divided into sections on basic electrophysiology, bradyarrhythmias, and tachyarrhythmias in humans, this Baedaeker is an important new guide to the pathways, blocks, and other intricate
Outside the comfort zone
Authors: Peter J Revington
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I realised that there might be more to this Afghanistan trip than I had supposed when my “dog tags” arrived. For several months, I had looked forward to it with all the anticipation of a trip to the car wash: it was simply an unknown, and I was therefore neither excited nor apprehensive at the prospect. That changed the moment those shiny metal discs fell from the envelope.

Only a few weeks later I found myself facing something of a challenge, both surgically and ethically. My six week deployment as a Territorial Army maxillofacial surgeon began uneventfully enough. The multinational team of doctors were all suitably eminent and charismatic individuals. The hospital proved remarkably well equipped for a war zone, and, despite the dust and occasional rocket attacks by the Taliban, it functioned with the quiet efficiency of a banking house. If you imagine the film M\*A\*S\*H\* but set in a high altitude desert surrounded by fairly impressive mountains, with occasional glimpses of the snow capped Himalayan foothills, and …
A Cutaneous Clue to Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Kenneth M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The first of the three illustrations should cause no concern. The condition pictured in Fig 1 will respond to proper antipsoriasis therapy. However, Fig 2 and 3 illustrate a condition which requires prompt surgical intervention. The difficulty involved in the clinical distinction between the benign lesion of psoriasis and the malignant lesion of Paget's disease of the nipple is obvious. In Paget's disease of the nipple, the normal epidermal cells are replaced by large, pale-staining cells which lack the normal intercellular attachments of epidermal cells. In addition their cytoplasm stains positively for mucin when the alcianblue technique is used. These pale large cells are malignant in themselves, and are always associated with an underlying mammary carcinoma which is usually of the intraductal type. Presumably, the malignant ductal cells proliferate up the duct and eventually out into the epidermis of the nipple. There they do not form a tumor mass but
Diagnostic confusion in diabetes with persistence of fetal haemoglobin.
Authors: D. A. Robertson, F. K. Tunbridge, W. G. John, P. D. Home, K. G. Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1992)

what goes where on each page, and mark up-or format-the copy accordingly.It is unlikely to fit perfectly, so don't be afraid to cut.Do not alter the style to make it fit, for example by reducing the typesize; this will destroy your newsletter's hardearned personality.Do not be afraid to add extra lines to stories so that they can fit exactly; often, adding extra paragraph breaks will do.Now is the time to write headlines and other devices intended to attract the reader.Set the style before writing the headlines, which will dictate the size of the type and the number of lines.Put the most important (and logically the longest) story at the top of each page.Graduate the size and lines of headlines accordingly.Headlines are not labels, but marketing tools.They should contain short, interesting words and, whenever possible, a verb.The top line should be longer than the second to draw the reader's eye down into the story.They should never contain information that is not in the story.Avoid whimsical or punning headlines on every story.
Abstract 4920: Gene network models identify targets for mammary tumor normalization
Authors: Amy Brock, Hu Li, Silva Krause, Marek Kowalski, James J. Collins, Donald E. Ingber
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of breast cancer therapeutics aim at slowing tumor expansion through selective killing of tumor cells. Given the enormous plasticity of cells (highlighted by recent advances in the iPS field), we instead sought to induce a cell state transition from a mammary tumor cell phenotype to a normal mammary epithelial cell state. We have tackled the critical problem of identifying target genes for the normalization or differentiation of mammary tumor cells by employing a systems biology approach that integrates computational modeling with in vivo and in vitro studies. In vivo gene expression data of mammary tumor progression in the FVB C3(1) SV40Tag transgenic mouse model were collected at multiple time points as the disease progressed from normal gland to DCIS-like lesions to invasive carcinoma. Gene regulatory network models predicted novel transcription factor targets that appeared critical to the rise of the tumor phenotype. These putative gene targets were then assessed in a 3D spheroid assay. RNAi inhibition of two computationally predicted transcription factors reverted mammary tumor cells to a normalized mammary epithelial cell phenotype, with appropriate apical/basal polarization, lumen formation and reduced proliferative index. This integrated strategy has pinpointed transcription factors for RNAi therapeutic targeting in vivo but importantly, the method is not limited to breast cancer and may be useful for many different tumor types. In summary, our major advance has been the demonstration that a gene regulatory network reverse engineering approach can identify genes that are causatively involved in cancer progression and that represent viable therapeutic differentiation targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4920. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4920
Transient Ischemic Attack after Air-Contrast Echocardiography
Authors: T. Narain Srivastava
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Transient Ischemic Attack after Air-Contrast EchocardiographyT. Narain Srivastava, MD and Eric K. Undesser, MD, PhDT. Narain Srivastava, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Jackson, MS 39216Search for more papers by this author and Eric K. Undesser, MD, PhDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Jackson, MS 39216Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We are not surprised that others have shared our experience of symptomatic air embolism after air-contrast echocardiography. Obvious cerebral symptoms such as hemiparesis are difficult to overlook. More subtle symptoms, such as the numbness and paresthesias experienced by our third patient, are likely to go unrecognized. We are surprised that such symptoms are not mentioned more frequently in the literature.We agree with Dr. Dittrich that patients with larger defects and greater right-to-left heart shunting are probably at greatest risk. Poor cardiac contractility may allow coalescence of air contrast from smaller defects and can also produce symptoms. We ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Jackson, MS 39216 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 732KeywordsEchocardiographyHeartTransient ischemic attacks Issue Published: 1 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Does Therapy With Anti–TNF-α Improve Glucose Tolerance and Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Malini Gupta-Ganguli, Kyle Cox, Blake Means, Ivan Gerling, Solomon S. Solomon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance (IR). IR is partially caused by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is produced in inflammatory fat tissue in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Inflamed abdominal fat releases adipokines and inflammatory cytokines, one of which is TNF-α. Past experimental studies using anti–TNF-α therapy in type 2 diabetic patients have been limited in both time and dosage because of the toxicity of these agents.

We designed a retrospective study in which anti–TNF-α agents were used in larger therapeutic doses for up to 10 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease (CR). We assessed the effects of this treatment on control of type 2 diabetes. Eight Veterans Affairs patients with RA or CR and type 2 diabetes and a matched group of control patients with both …
Outcome of Diabetes Screening in Pregnancy and Perinatal Morbidity in Infants of Mothers with Mild Impairment in Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Jorge H Mestman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Pregnant women attending the regular prenatal clinic at Los Angeles County (LAC)/Women's Hospital received a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). Upper limits for the test are a fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dl (serum glucose 110 mg/dl), 1 h 170 mg/dl (200 mg/dl), 2 h 130 mg/dl (150 mg/dl), and 3 h 120 mg/dl (130 mg/dl). The incidence of overt diabetes (fasting hyperglycemia) was 3.5% and of Class A diabetic women (abnormal test but normal fasting glucose value) it was 8.8%. The incidence of abnormal tests is greater in obese patients, potential diabetic patients (family history of diabetes or abnormal obstetrical history), and with increasing age. However, it was 3.4% in a group of patients below age 20 yr and without an abnormal medical or obstetrical history. The perinatal mortality in uncomplicated Class A diabetic women is as low as in the general population. Patients with Complicated Class A (previous stillbirth or who develop preeclampsia) and those patients who develop fasting hyperglycemia should have medical and obstetrical surveillance. Twenty-five percent of the infants of Class A diabetic mothers experience some morbidity. Long-term follow-up of mothers with abnormal tests in pregnancy is indicated, since the incidence of subsequent carbohydrate abnormality is 40%. As a screening procedure, pregnant women should have a 2-h serum glucose following the administration of 100 g of a glucose solution. In patients with a value of over 140 mg/dl, a GTT should be performed. In patients with a screening value of less than 140 mg/dl, it should be repeated by 34 wk gestation.
A forgotten temper
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It is the fate of most writers, including medical ones, to be forgotten soon after their death if not before. The laws of literary survival are no less ruthless or uncompromising than those of the survival of species. A million books must be written that a hundred may survive, at least for a short time.

Dr John Shebbeare was born in the same year, 1709, as Dr Johnson. He was apprenticed to a surgeon in Exeter, where his own practice did not subsequently flourish, possibly because of his bad temper. He published medical books such as A New Analysis of the Bristol Waters; together with the Cause of Diabetes and Hectic, and their Cure, …
<i>Ex vivo</i> fluorescence confocal microscopy for fast evaluation of tumour margins during Mohs surgery
Authors: A. Bennàssar, A. Vilata, S. Puig, J. Malvehy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy for fast evaluation of tumour margins during Mohs surgery Get access A. Bennàssar, A. Bennàssar Melanoma Unit Dermatology Department Hospital Clínic & IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer) Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain Correspondence Antoni Bennàssar. E‐mail: tbennassar@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Vilata, A. Vilata Melanoma Unit Dermatology Department Hospital Clínic & IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer) Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Puig, S. Puig Melanoma Unit Dermatology Department Hospital Clínic & IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer) Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona SpainInvestigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Barcelona Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Malvehy J. Malvehy Melanoma Unit Dermatology Department Hospital Clínic & IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer) Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona SpainInvestigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Barcelona Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 2, 1 February 2014, Pages 360–365, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12671 Published: 01 February 2014
Review of Urine Microscopy for Bacteriuria
Authors: Ronald D. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Urine microscopy for bacteriuria remains a useful and valid technique for the evaluation of urinary tract infection; however, established interpretive criteria are not agreed on. Our own data and a review of the literature demonstrate that reliable data can be obtained by enumerating the organisms observed in stained or unstained centrifuged and stained uncentrifuged urine specimens. Criteria are given for the interpretation of urine microscopy for maximum sensitivity and specificity for each method reviewed. For clinicians desiring to perform urine microscopy, we recommend the use of oil-immersion microscopy of Gram-stained centrifuged urine sediment and suggest that observing at least one organism per oil-immersion field corresponds with 95% sensitivity and that observing more than five organisms corresponds with 95% specificity for bacteriuria at a level of 10(5) or more colony-forming units per milliliter. Further testing will be required on any negative specimen from a symptomatic patient.
Abstract 4067: Detection of S-nitrosylated protein in renal cell cancer.
Authors: Fumiya Hongo, Takashi Ueda, Saya Ito-Ueda, Masakatsu Oishi, Terukazu Nakamura, Yoshio Naya, Tsuneharu Miki
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule. Its roles in a variety of physiological functions in mammals are beginning to be understood. It has been demonstrated that NO up-regulates the expression of the Fas receptor on human tumor cells via specific inactivation of transcription repressor YY1 DNA binding activity to the silencer region of the Fas promoter (Hermes G., et al. 2001). We also showed that inactivation of YY1 via protein S-nitrosylated by NO in prostatic cancer could be identified (Hongo F., et al. 2005). This post-translational modification, known as S-nitrosylation, has emerged as a highly conserved and spatiotemporally specific signaling mechanism. The objective of our study was to examine the effect of NO donor treatment on renal cell cancer. Methods: We examined the effect of the NO donor DETA-NONOate (100-500uM) on the following renal cell cancer cell lines; CAKI-1, NC65, and ACHN. Anti-S-nitroso-Cysteine antibody in the rabbit (SIGMA-ALDRICH) was applied as a primary antibody for immunohistochemistry. The biotin-switch technique was applied to detect specific S-nitrosylated proteins. Whole cell lysates were extracted from ACHN cells employed with DETA-NONOate. Using an S-nitrosylated detection kit (Cayman Chemical Company), S-NO was replaced by Biotin. Cell lysates were incubated at 4 oC with 30 μL of Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin (Invitrogen) for 3 hrs. After five washes with wash buffer (S-Nitrosylation Wash buffer), the protein complex was eluted from anti-biotin dynabeads by incubation with 1x volume of elution buffer (0.1M glycine (pH2.0)) twice for 15 min. Each sample was added to an SDS-polyacrylamide gel for mass spectrometry. Results: Significant up-regulation of S-nitrosylated proteins employed with DETA-NONOate was observed by immunohistochemistry. Specific S-nitrosylated proteins in ACHN cells were detected by the biotin-switch technique and included HSP90 (heat shock protein 90), GRP78 (HSP70 family), HSP70, and pyruvate kinase M2. Conclusions: Our data showed that NO treatment significantly increased S-nitrosylation of several proteins. S-nitrosylation should be considered as one of the mechanisms by which NO acts on cancer cells. Citation Format: Fumiya Hongo, Takashi Ueda, Saya Ito-Ueda, Masakatsu Oishi, Terukazu Nakamura, Yoshio Naya, Tsuneharu Miki. Detection of S-nitrosylated protein in renal cell cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4067. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4067
FACTORS DETERMINING "RUM FITS"
Authors: JOHN W. RHINEHART
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

1. A 10% recorded incidence for "Rum Fits" in an alcoholic population was determined by review of the charts of 200 consecutive patients admitted to a state mental hospital. This is in essential agreement with other published data, though it is felt that if patients are more closely studied, the incidence is somewhat greater, as seen in the sample for the second part of the study. 2. In a preliminary investigation of 16 bio-socio-psychiatric factors, it was found that none of them singly or in combination, significantly differentiated those alcoholic patients who had "Rum Fits" from those who did not. A more controlled research situation was seen to be necessary in order to more closely study the variables of the addictive and withdrawal phases of alcoholism.
A Prospective Comparison of Performance of Biopsy Forceps Used in Single Passage with Multiple Bites During Upper Endoscopy
Authors: K. M. Chu, S. T. Yuen, W. M. Wong, K. W. Wong, K. C. Lai, W. H. C. Hu, S. Y. Leung, M. F. Yuen, S. K. Lam, B. C. Y. Wong
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A single biopsy is usually obtained for each passage of a biopsy forceps. It was hypothesized that multiple bites per passage might improve the quantity and quality of tissue obtained, without significant artifacts. This hypothesis was tested in a prospective, pathologist-blinded study using different forceps.Forty consecutive patients who underwent elective upper endoscopy were included. Five different forceps were used in six different ways, varying in the number of bites taken per passage. Two pathologists, who were blinded to the type of biopsy forceps used, evaluated the specimens according to the parameters of maximum weight (mg), size of largest fragment (mm), depth, squash artifact, adequacy, and overall rating.A total of 240 biopsy specimens were obtained. The Microvasive Multibite and Megabite forceps obtained specimens with the maximum weight (P<0.05) and the largest size (P<0.05), respectively. Alligator forceps were able to obtain specimens significantly larger in size than the oval-shaped forceps (P<0.05). The Olympus FB-24K forceps performed best in both the adequacy score and the overall rating score (P<0.05).Forceps with a needle, or the Multibite forceps, allow more biopsies to be taken per passage and improve the quality of tissues obtained. "Needleless" forceps can be used to obtain two samples per passage through the endoscope that are as good as when only one sample is collected. This approach can save time, and causes no significant damage to the biopsy specimens.
Oncogene Pathway Activation in Mammary Tumors Dictates FDG-PET Uptake
Authors: James V. Alvarez, George K. Belka, Tien-Chi Pan, Chien-Chung Chen, Eric Blankemeyer, Abass Alavi, Joel S. Karp, Lewis A. Chodosh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Increased glucose utilization is a hallmark of human cancer that is used to image tumors clinically. In this widely used application, glucose uptake by tumors is monitored by positron emission tomography of the labeled glucose analogue 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Despite its widespread clinical use, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine FDG uptake--and that underlie the heterogeneity observed across cancers-remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared FDG uptake in mammary tumors driven by the Akt1, c-MYC, HER2/neu, Wnt1, or H-Ras oncogenes in genetically engineered mice, correlating it to tumor growth, cell proliferation, and expression levels of gene involved in key steps of glycolytic metabolism. We found that FDG uptake by tumors was dictated principally by the driver oncogene and was not independently associated with tumor growth or cellular proliferation. Oncogene downregulation resulted in a rapid decrease in FDG uptake, preceding effects on tumor regression, irrespective of the baseline level of uptake. FDG uptake correlated positively with expression of hexokinase-2 (HK2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and associated negatively with PFK-2b expression and p-AMPK. The correlation between HK2 and FDG uptake was independent of all variables tested, including the initiating oncogene, suggesting that HK2 is an independent predictor of FDG uptake. In contrast, expression of Glut1 was correlated with FDG uptake only in tumors driven by Akt or HER2/neu. Together, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic pathway activated within a tumor is a primary determinant of its FDG uptake, mediated by key glycolytic enzymes, and provide a framework to interpret effects on this key parameter in clinical imaging.