tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protein modification bv fermentation: effect of fermentation on the potential allergenicity of pea
Authors: V. Barkholt, P. B. Jergensen, D. Sørensen, J. Bahrenscheer, A. Haikara, E. Lemola, A. Laitila, H. Frøkiær
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The effect of fermentation on components of potential significance for the allergenicity of pea was analyzed. Pea flour was fermented with three lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus raffinolactis , and Lactobacillus plantarum , and two fungi, Rhizopus microsporus , var. oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum . Residual antigenicity against antipea antibodies was reduced to 10% by the three lactic acid bacteria and R. microsporus . Reactions to anti‐pea profilin and anti‐Bet v 1 were still detectable after fermentation. The contents of lectin and pea protease inhibitor were not reduced by the microorganisms.
A parasite's power play
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

On page 929, Ashton et al. report that an intracellular parasite regulates its own growth and exploits the inflammatory environment within its host to continue its survival and mediate long-term damage.






Figure 1

T. cruzi (blue dots) thrives in cells lacking (bottom) TXA2 receptors.




Trypanosoma cruzi, the bug that causes Chagas' disease, initiates a short-lived acute infection in humans. A third of those infected, however, develop chronic cardiac disease that sets in after a long asymptomatic period. The mechanism by which the parasite facilitates this long-term pathology is still unclear.

Ashton et al. now show that the parasite infects vascular endothelial cells and secretes a bioactive lipid called thromboxane (TXA2). When produced by human cells, TXA2 has pro-inflammatory effects and can cause cardiac injury by triggering platelet aggregation, clotting, and vasoconstriction.

The parasitic TXA2 also promotes cardiac injury, the team finds, yet it somehow mediates an anti-inflammatory immune response in the host. Mice that lack cell surface receptors for TXA2 had increased inflammatory damage.

These mice also had a higher parasite load than wild-type mice, suggesting that the parasite suppresses its own replication by a negative feedback through the TXA2 receptor. The group is now dissecting TXA2 receptor signaling within infected cells to determine how the parasite controls its own growth rate.

The team speculates that, within infected cells, the parasite uses TXA2 to limit its own growth and minimize cell damage, thus ensuring its survival. But parasite-secreted TXA2 also engages receptors on uninfected host cells, which might eventually cause the heart disease seen in chronic infections.
Scarlatinous Nephritis; Abscesses in Kidney
Authors: J. R. Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1849)

PURULENT deposits are not often met with in the kidney; though, I believe, rather more frequently than some authors admit.On this point, Dr. CARSWELL, in his Pathological Anatomy, makes the following remarks:-," Of all the organs of the body, the kidneys are least fre- quently the seat of purulent deposits.The few cases which are recorded as examples of this kind, appear to have been the result of inflammation extending to the kidneys from neighbouring organs, and succeeding to the operation of lithotomy, to injuries of the spine, to the presence of calculi, and to various diseases of the pelvic viscera.We cannot, perhaps, appreciate the importance of this circumstance; but it is ex- tremely probable, that it is to be accounted for, by the separation of the material cause of these depositions from the blood carried into these organs.and its excretion along with the urine."IDr. Carswell's statement requires correction.Perhaps the non-observ.ance, as well as the rare existence, ofpus in the kidney, accounts to a certain extent for the sma number of published cases containing any record of such an appearance In examining the kidneys of persons who have died of continued fever,2 I have at least twice, and I rather think oftener, seen minute points of pus profusely disseminated over the surface of the incised kidney.In both the instances to which I refer, the appearance was visible, though not strikingly so, to the naked eye; and with the aid of a pocket-glass, of small magnifying power, it was rendered very dis- tinct.No minute microscopic examination was made, but there can be little doubt., that in such cases, the pus is situated within the enlarged tubuli; and, very probably, it is by the breaking down of the intervening textures, and the coalescing of these minute purulent deposits, that those larger collections of pus, entitled to the name of abscesses, are formed.Rayer mentions several cases of typhoid fever, in which were found purulent infiltrations, and small abscesses in the kidney.3The patients suffered from cerebral symptoms; but though the urine, in one case, is said to have been acid, and in another, alkaline, no account is given as to the presence or absence of albumen.This is much to be regretted: but he narrates cases of typhoid fever, in which the urine, during life, was albuminous, and in which, on dissection, the kidneys were found to be in a state of hyperae a condition which must be regarded as a stage towards a nephritic affection, which might-had the patient survived, and the train of morbid actions adlvanced-have ended in the formation of pus.Dr. Southwood Smith mentions a case CARWELL.Article, Pus, in his Pathological Anatomy.4to.London: 1838.' One of the cases was true, (i.e., exanthematous) typhus, in which there was active desqua.mation of the cuticle wben the patient died.I have no record of the eruption having been seen in the other eas.In neither, I regret to say, was tbe urine examined.
Transcription factor T-bet represses expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and sustains virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses during chronic infection
Authors: Charlly Kao, Kenneth J Oestreich, Michael A Paley, Alison Crawford, Jill M Angelosanto, Mohammed-Alkhatim A Ali, Andrew M Intlekofer, Jeremy M Boss, Steven L Reiner, Amy S Weinmann, E John Wherry
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Tranquilizers and Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Elmar G. Lutz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I wish to comment on the article Meaning of the Downward Trend in Cardiovascular Mortality (1982;247:877). The substantial decline in cardiovascular mortality since the mid-1960s is hypothesized to be due to  combination of changes in diet, smoking, treatment of hypertension, and increased physical activity. The article also mentioned that a strong case can be made for influences operating in the entire population because the effect has been universal in both sexes, blacks as well as whites, and in all age groups.  It appears that emotional stress as  major risk factor has been overlooked. Could it be, and I consider it likely, that we owe this reversal of cardiovascular mortality and risk reduction at least partially to the introduction and widespread use of minor tranquilizers, particularly the benzodiazepines? Observations in the experimental laboratory, in the animal kingdom, and in epidemiologic surveys all attest to the validity
Do mistakes matter?
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Liu and Sia (p 1410) found that women who had had epidural analgesia with low dose bupivacaine were more likely to have an instrumental vaginal delivery, but not a caesarean section.Women receiving epidural analgesia had a longer second stage of labour and needed oxytocin more often, but they had better pain relief.
CELL SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Authors: Ellen S. Vitetta, Sonia Baur, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The proteins on surfaces of living splenic lymphocytes from normal BALB/c mice were iodinated enzymatically. Such cells were fractionated into two sub-populations: one composed almost exclusively of small lymphocytes and the other mainly of large lymphocytes and plasma cells. Specific immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled surface Ig obtained from lysates of these cell populations indicated that approximately 2-3% of the acid-precipitable radioactivity from the cell surface is Ig. Moreover, 95% of the H chain radioactivity from the Ig of the small lymphocyte fraction and 90% from the large lymphocyte-plasma cell fraction was characterized as micro by precipitation with anti-micro sera as well as by molecular weight determination on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The Ig was recovered from the cell surface in the form of an IgM monomer. Control experiments suggested that the monomer did not result from depolymerization of 19S IgM by the methods used to radiolabel and isolate the molecule. (3)H-tyrosine labeling of IgM produced by meyloma cells and radio-iodination of IgM in solution gave the same ratios of microL radioactivity as radiolabeling of IgM on cells, indicating that the tyrosine residues of L and micro-chains of cell surface IgM are available to the lactoperoxidase during the iodination. This is consistent with the hypothesis that cell surface IgM is entirely on the outside of the plasma membrane presumably attached to it by its Fc fragment. These results, together with previous reports by others, suggest that IgM, in its monomeric form, is the main antigen-specific receptor on lymphocytes of normal mice.
Employment status after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: H C Smith, L N Hammes, S Gupta, R E Vlietstra, L Elveback
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Factors that influence the effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on employment were examined in 1427 2-year survivors from entry into the nonrandomized Mayo Clinic portion of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's prospective Coronary Artery Surgery Study. Five hundred seventy-nine patients (41%) were treated medically, 769 (54%) were treated surgically and 79 (5%) were initially treated medically but later had CABG. All groups were similar at entry with respect to age and percent working, retired or quitting work for cardiac reasons. There was a similar decline in employment from entry to 2 years in all three groups. The number who quit work for cardiac reasons was twice the number of previously disabled workers who returned to work with all three modes of therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the independent prognostic values of a number of variables for subsequent employment in the largest homogeneous surgical subset--496 nonretired males. Postoperative angina was the most powerful factor reducing postoperative employment. Postoperative employment was also lower if the patient was not working before surgery, was a laborer, or older than age 55 years (all p less than 0.01). Although the level of nonwork physical activity was generally increased after CABG, there was no relationship between physical activity and employment. This study confirms that employment declines after CABG, but three of the four most powerful prognostic variables were not related to surgery.
Acute epiglottitis. A surgical emergency
Authors: J. W. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Of 97 patients with acute epiglottitis, 83 were reviewed retrospectively and 14 were studied prospectively to clarify some of the common misconceptions regarding the onset, clinical course, and management of this disorder. It is a relatively rare, life-threatening infection of infants and preschool-age children, but it also occurs in adults. It is frequently referred to as "<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>croup epiglottitis," which is misleading, as croup is usually not present, and though<i>H influenzae</i>is the most common causative organism, other pathogens have been implicated. The course of acute epiglottitis is radically different from that of the more common viral croup syndrome in that the patients often have rapidly progressive and frequently abrupt airway obstruction. An assured airway is mandatory in treatment. Nasotracheal intubation should not be attempted without provisions for immediate surgical intervention. Acute epiglottitis should always be considered a surgical emergency. (<i>JAMA</i>229:671-675, 1974)
Comparison of HbA1 and Fructosamine in Diagnosis of Glucose-Tolerance Abnormalities
Authors: Pierre Jean Guillausseau, Marie-Aline Charles, Françoise Paolaggi, José Timsit, Philippe Chanson, Jacqueline Peynet, Valérie Godard, Eveline Eschwege, François Rousselet, Jean Lubetzki
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Total glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and fructosamine were evaluated as screening tools for detection of glucose-tolerance abnormalities in 144 asymptomatic subjects undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects were classified according to World Health Organization criteria as having normal (n = 78), impaired (n = 40), or diabetic (n = 26) glucose tolerance. We found good specificity for HbA1 and fructosamine (100 and 97%, respectively) but low sensitivity (15 and 19%, respectively). At the intersection of the curves of sensitivity and specificity drawn from various thresholds of normality, both sensitivity and specificity were 75% for HbA1 and 55% for fructosamine. Thus, neither HbA1 nor fructosamine seems to be suitable for the diagnosis of mild abnormalities in glucose tolerance.
Responsibilities of Coauthors
Authors: KANTI R. RAI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Responsibilities of CoauthorsKANTI R. RAI, M.D.KANTI R. RAI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-884_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Darsee affair has been a sad chapter in the history of medical research. The two letters (1, 2) of "retraction" in the August 1983 issue of theAnnalsare even sadder reading. Darsee's coauthors for the two articles published in theAnnalsin 1980 and 1978, respectively, have written these letters apparently to apologize to theAnnalsand its readers. But if read carefully, the apology is not for the inconvenience caused by the coauthors' failure in their responsibility to ensure accuracy of data, but for any embarrassment and inconvenience that might result from "our investigation...References1. HEYMSFIELDHOPKINSWENGERGLENNMIKLOZEK SLNJC. Questions on the validity of papers on mitral valve prolapse and on cardiomyopathy [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:275. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NUTTERGLENN DJ. Questions on the validity of papers on mitral valve prolapse and on cardiomyopathy [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:275. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Responsibilities of coauthorship [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:266-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center New Hyde Park, NY 11042 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 884-885 Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial
Authors: T. Maruyama, O. Taguchi, M. S Niederman, J. Morser, H. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, C. D'Alessandro-Gabazza, S. Nakayama, K. Nishikubo, T. Noguchi, Y. Takei, E. C Gabazza
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the efficacy of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in people at high risk of pneumococcal pneumonia. <b>Design</b> Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled double blind study. <b>Setting</b> Nursing homes in Japan. <b>Participants</b> 1006 nursing home residents. <b>Interventions</b> Participants were randomly allocated to either 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (n=502) or placebo (n=504). <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary end points were the incidence of all cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia. Secondary end points were deaths from pneumococcal pneumonia, all cause pneumonia, and other causes. <b>Results</b> Pneumonia occurred in 63 (12.5%) participants in the vaccine group and 104 (20.6%) in the placebo group. Pneumococcal pneumonia was diagnosed in 14 (2.8%) participants in the vaccine group and 37 (7.3%) in the placebo group (P&lt;0.001). All cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia were significantly more frequent in the placebo group than in the vaccine group: incidence per 1000 person years 55 <i>v</i> 91 (P&lt;0.0006) and 12 <i>v</i> 32 (P&lt;0.001), respectively. Death from pneumococcal pneumonia was significantly higher in the placebo group than in the vaccine group (35.1% (13/37) <i>v</i> 0% (0/14), P&lt;0.01). The death rate from all cause pneumonia (vaccine group 20.6% (13/63) <i>v</i> placebo group 25.0% (26/104), P=0.5) and from other causes (vaccine group 17.7% (89/502) <i>v</i> placebo group (80/504) 15.9%, P=0.4) did not differ between the two study groups. <b>Conclusion</b> The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prevented pneumococcal pneumonia and reduced mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in nursing home residents. <b>Trial registration</b> Japan Medical Association Center for Clinical Trials JMA-IIA00024.
Restoration of serum albumin levels in nagase analbuminemic rats by hepatocyte transplantation
Authors: Ran Oren, Mariana D. Dabeva, Petko M. Petkov, Ethel Hurston, Ezio Laconi, David A. Shafritz
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Recently, we described a new strategy for hepatocyte transplantation, using retrorsine/partial hepatectomy (PH) in a DPPIV- mutant Fischer rat model. Treatment of rats with retrorsine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, blocks endogenous hepatocytes from proliferating, so that after exposure to this agent coupled with PH and hepatocyte transplantation, transplanted hepatocytes selectively repopulate the liver. In the present study, we determined whether this method of cell transplantation can restore biosynthetic and physiological function in the liver by transplanting normal hepatocytes into rats genetically deficient in albumin synthesis, the Nagase analbuminic rat (NAR). After hepatocyte transplantation, albumin mRNA and protein were identified in the liver by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and serum albumin levels were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. At 1 month posttransplantation, large clusters of cells expressing albumin mRNA and protein were identified in the liver, representing approximately 50% of hepatocytes for albumin mRNA and approximately 61% for protein. At 2 months' posttransplantation, cells expressing albumin mRNA represented approximately 77% of hepatocyte mass, and cells expressing albumin protein represented approximately 81% of total hepatocyte mass. Hepatocyte-transplanted NAR also exhibited normal or near-normal serum albumin levels (3.0 +/- 0.2 g/dL). High levels of serum albumin were sustained for the 2-month duration of experiments. These results demonstrate the ability of this protocol for hepatocyte transplantation to restore a major biosynthetic and physiological function of the liver, and suggest its potential use as a method to treat genetic-based or acquired liver diseases.
Stem cell factor and interleukin-2/15 combine to enhance MAPK-mediated proliferation of human natural killer cells
Authors: Don M. Benson, Jianhua Yu, Brian Becknell, Min Wei, Aharon G. Freud, Amy K. Ferketich, Rossana Trotta, Danilo Perrotti, Roger Briesewitz, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2008)
Functional Role of <i>S100A14</i> Genetic Variants and Their Association with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hongyan Chen, Dianke Yu, Aiping Luo, Wen Tan, Chunpeng Zhang, Dan Zhao, Ming Yang, Junniao Liu, Dongxin Lin, Zhihua Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

S100 proteins have been implicated in various human diseases, including certain types of cancer. Among them, S100A14 is down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we sought to identify functional genetic variants in the S100A14 locus and assessed their associations with susceptibility to ESCC. Thirty individual DNA samples were sequenced to search for genetic variations in S100A14, and the function of the variants was investigated by a set of biochemical assays. A case-control analysis was performed in 1,021 patients with ESCC and 1,253 control subjects. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed by logistic regression model. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms, -43A>G, 461G>A, 1493A>G, and 1545A>T, were identified in the S100A14 locus and they are in absolute linkage disequilibrium. Among them, the 461G>A change was shown to diminish a P53-binding site and is therefore associated with decreased expression of S100A14 in vitro and in vivo in the target tissues. Case-control analysis showed that the 461A allele was associated with susceptibility to ESCC among smokers, with the ORs being 2.01 (95% CI, 1.50-2.69) or 2.10 (95% CI, 1.37-3.22) for the 461GA or 461AA genotype, respectively, compared with the 461GG genotype. These data constitute strong evidence in support of the notion that S100A14 might function as a cancer suppressor working in the P53 pathway and play a role in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Management of Duodenal Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: J. C. Saurin, J. A. Chayvialle, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an uncommon inherited disease, found in about 1/8000 births, which leads to the development of adenomas throughout the glandular digestive mucosa. The main complication of this disease is colorectal cancer, which is prevented by prophylactic colectomy carried out in most patients during the third decade. After colectomy, these patients remain at risk for life-threatening complications related to the disease. The two major complications are desmoid tumors (mesenchymal, nonmalignant, mostly mesenteric, slow-growing tumors), and duodenal adenocarcinomas, mostly periampullary [1] [2] . These probably develop from duodenal adenomas, which are present in the large majority of FAP patients. In clinical practice, there is a strong contradiction between the recommended endoscopic surveillance of duodenal adenomas, which demonstrates their evolving nature, and the lack of therapeutic indications until the development of late-stage polyposis which may require pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Outcomes According to Kras Mutational Status in Treatment with Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Verónica Conde-Herrero, Beatriz González-Astorga, Aranzazu González-Vicente, Encarnación González-Flores, Jesús Soberino-García, Javier García-García, Cynthia González-Rivas, José Antonio Ortega, Julia Ruiz-Vozmediano, Juan Ramón lgado De Pérez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)