tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BMA members signal willingness to take industrial action over pension reforms
Authors: Helen Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Almost two thirds of BMA members who responded to a survey have said that they would be willing to take some form of industrial action to oppose changes to the NHS pension scheme, after doctors overwhelmingly rejected the government’s final proposals for changing the scheme.

In the BMA’s UK-wide survey of its active practising members, 63% of nearly 50 000 respondents said that they would personally be prepared to take some form of industrial action.

A total of 84% of the survey’s respondents rejected the government’s latest plans for the NHS pension scheme. Only 1.2% of BMA members who responded to the survey thought that the proposals were fair and acceptable, and 12.1% said that they were the best that could be achieved and should …
Nonsexual Assaults to the Genitals in the Youth Population
Authors: David Finkelhor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the frequency with which youth suffer nonsexual assaults to the genitals and their context and consequences.Telephone survey with follow-up interview 1 year later.General population of the United States living in households with telephones.Random sample of 1042 boys and 958 girls aged 10 through 16 years.A nonsexual assault to the genitals was experienced by 9.2% of the boys and 1.0% of the girls in the year prior to the initial interview and 9.1% of the boys and 2.2% of the girls in the year prior to the follow-up interview. Among the boys, about a quarter of the assaults involved some injury, but only one in 50 needed medical attention. The most common assailants were same-aged peers. The assaults occurred in a variety of contexts including gang attacks, peer fighting, bullying, and some situations in which girls retaliated against the genitals of harassing boys. Boy victims of nonsexual genital assault had significantly higher levels of posttraumatic and depression symptomatology than boys without such assaults.Nonsexual genital violence needs additional clinical and research attention. Youth should be educated about its possible consequences. Clinicians should ask about nonsexual genital violence when taking a history, particularly with youth who have experienced other kinds of assaults.
Inhibition of T cell apoptosis in the rheumatoid synovium.
Authors: M Salmon, D Scheel-Toellner, A P Huissoon, D Pilling, N Shamsadeen, H Hyde, A D D'Angeac, P A Bacon, P Emery, A N Akbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis are highly differentiated and express a phenotype suggesting susceptibility to apoptosis (CD45RB dull, CD45RO bright, Bcl-2 low, Bax high, Fas high). However, no evidence of T cell apoptosis was found in synovial fluid from any of 28 patients studied. In contrast, synovial fluid from 10 patients with crystal arthritis showed substantial levels of T cell apoptosis. The failre of apoptosis was not an intrinsic property of rheumatoid synovial T cells, as they showed rapid spontaneous apoptosis on removal from the joint. Synovial T cells from rheumatoid arthritis and gout patients could be rescued from spontaneous apoptosis in vitro either by IL-2R gamma chain signaling cytokines (which upregulate Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) or by interaction with synovial fibroblasts (which upregulates Bcl-xL but not Bcl-2). The phenotype of rheumatoid synovial T cells ex vivo (Bcl-2 low, Bcl-xL high) suggested a fibroblast-mediated mechanism in vivo. This was confirmed by in vitro culture of synovial T cells with fibroblasts which maintained the Bcl-xL high Bcl-2 low phenotype. Synovial T cells from gout patients were Bcl-2 low Bcl-xL low and showed clear evidence of apoptosis in vivo. Inhibition experiments suggested that an integrin-ligand interaction incorporating the Arg-Gly-Asp motif is involved in fibroblast-mediated synovial T cell survival. We propose that environmental blockade of cell death resulting from interaction with stromal cells is a major factor in the persistent T cell infiltration of chronically inflamed rheumatoid synovium.
Facts and Theories of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Ives Hendrick
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Where are all the tranquilizer junkies?
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In some quarters, "diazepam" remains a dirty word. Although its position as the most-prescribed drug in the United States has been usurped by cimetidine, this agent and its chemical siblings still symbolize overprescription and overmedication to many. Television producer Barbara Gordon captured the quintessence of consumer concern in the afterword to a book describing the protracted mental illness that occurred after her abrupt withdrawal from 30 mg of diazepam per day: "The number of Americans being given large doses of tranquilizers by their internists, obstetricians, dentists—let alone psychiatrists—is staggering.... Because of my strong feelings about medical mismanagement, because of the prevalence of drug abuse—and the soft-core prescription-pad variety is drug abuse all the same—I felt I had to tell my story" (<i>I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can</i>. New York, Harper &amp; Row Publishers Inc, 1979, p 311). But who are those soft-core drug abusers, mismanaged and addicted to the
Ocular Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

All recent advances in knowledge of inflammation and its management cannot be considered in a discussion of ocular inflammation. This review will deal only with selected topics of particular interest in relation to inflammation of the cornea and uveal tract.CorneaIn 1962, 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU) was shown to be the first agent therapeutically active against any true virus.1 , 2 This activity was initially demonstrated against corneal infection by the virus of herpes simplex. Although infection with herpes simplex in the skin may be trivial and short-lived, herpes-simplex keratitis is the most important specific keratitis in this country and is a prominent . . .
Five yearly checks for over 40s will save 650 lives a year, says government
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors in England will begin offering patients aged from 40 to 74 years a health check every five years from April, to identify and reduce their risk of vascular disease, the government has announced.

The checks will include questions about health, lifestyle, and family medical history, measurement of weight and height, and blood tests for cholesterol and, in some cases, glucose concentrations. These will be followed up with assessments telling patients their risk of vascular disease and what they can do to reduce it. 

Modelling work by the Department of Health …
Did PEPFAR funding affect non-HIV health indicators? Longitudinal study of facility-based baby deliveries in Uganda, 2005–10
Authors: Noah Kiwanuka, Bert Stover, Travis Lim, Fred Makumbi, Sam Luboga, Eddie Mukooyo, Angela S Wood, Amy Hagopian, Nagesh Borse, Lianne Sheppard, Scott Barnhart
Journal: The Lancet (2013)

BackgroundWhile PEPFAR investments were associated with HIV-related survival, it has been less clear what the effects of this investment in HIV care have been for health-care use generally, especially in maternal care. Understanding of these effects could have implications for how to organise future global health initiatives for major health problems. Maternal mortality in Uganda remains high (310 per 100 000 livebirths in 2010) and could be reduced by increasing deliveries at health facilities.MethodsWe visited all of Uganda's 56 districts to collect maternity care data from Health Management Information System records, between the years 2005 and 2010, including monthly reports from all public and most private facilities. Our unit of analysis was district-month. We fitted a negative binomial mixed effects model, with number of infants delivered in health facilities per district-month as outcome, and three categories (tertiles) of population-adjusted annual number of PEPFAR-supported patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) as input. We adjusted for regional HIV prevalence and proportion of elementary school-aged children attending school. To adjust for secular and seasonal effects, we included control variables for year and month. Random effects for district and an offset for district population were included in the model.FindingsPeople on ART per district-month per 1000 population grew from 1079 in 2005, to 6485 in 2010. Facility deliveries averaged 709 per district-month, growing from 561 in 2005 to 830 in 2010. The average rate of health facility deliveries increased by 4% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1·04, 95% CI 1·008–1·068, p=0·012) in districts with medium-level PEPFAR investment in ART care, compared with lowest PEPFAR investment districts. In higher-level investment districts, deliveries increased by 8% (IRR 1·08, 95% CI 1·037–1·126, p=0·0001), relative to low-investment districts.InterpretationPEPFAR investments in ART scale-up in Uganda appear to be associated with small increases in health facility deliveries.FundingThis research was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control, Division of Public Health Systems and Workforce Development through a cooperative agreement with the University of Washington and through subcontracts with Makerere University and the Uganda Ministry of Health.
Detection of Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Lymph Node Metastases of Colorectal Cancer Can Improve the Prognostic Information
Authors: Katarina Öhrling, David Edler, Marja Hallström, Peter Ragnhammar, Henric Blomgren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The level of thymidylate synthase (TS) in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as a prognostic marker. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TS expression in lymph node metastases of Dukes' C CRC is a prognostic marker. Patients and Methods TS expression in the primary tumor and lymph node metastases from 348 patients with Dukes' C CRC was retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry and the monoclonal antibody TS 106. The patients had all been enrolled onto our previous study of 862 CRC patients who were included in Nordic trials that randomly assigned the patients to either surgery alone or surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Results TS expression in lymph node metastases was a distinct prognostic marker in the entire study group for overall survival (OS; P = .02) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = .04). A low TS expression in the lymph node metastases correlated with a better clinical outcome. In the subgroup of patients treated with surgery alone, the expression of TS in lymph node metastases also had a prognostic value for OS (P = .04) and DFS (P = .03), but this was not the case for the other subgroup who received adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (OS, P = .5; DFS, P = .2). The expression of TS in the primary tumor only had a significant prognostic value among patients who were treated with surgery alone (OS, P = .03; DFS, P = .03) and not among the entire patient population. Conclusion These data show that TS expression in lymph node metastases is a prognostic marker for patients with Dukes' C CRC.
Alcoholism Treatment Research: New Directions for an Old Problem
Authors: Enoch Gordis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Unlike areas in medicine where the rigorous scientific evaluation of treatments before patient exposure has become standard, validating the effectiveness of various treatments for alcoholism is a fairly new enterprise. The study of the efficacy of lithium carbonate as a treatment for alcoholism by Dorus et al,<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journal, is highly encouraging since it demonstrates again that modern standards of treatment evaluation can be applied to alcoholism treatment.<sup>2</sup> Although earlier research in animals and in smaller-scale studies on human subjects had led to the hypothesis that lithium carbonate might be useful in treating alcoholics,<sup>3-5</sup>Dorus and colleagues, in their large-scale, multisite evaluation, found that lithium carbonate did not affect the course of alcoholism in either depressed or nondepressed alcoholics. In conducting their study, the authors avoided weaknesses common to many alcoholism treatment studies. Principal among these weaknesses are having too few subjects to
Electron microscopical investigation of asbestos fibers
Authors: Arthur M. Langer, Anne D. Mackler, Fred D. Pooley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Examination of asbestos fibers by electron microscopical techniques enables the observer to distinguish among the fiber types by morphological and structural characteristics. Chrysotile asbestos fibers are composed of bundles of fibrils. Fibers are often curvilinear with splayed ends. Individual fibrils consist of a central capillary defined by an electron dense crystalline wall. With increasing time of electron bombardment, the capillary wall decreases in thickness, deforms, and is encapsulated in an electron translucent material. The change in electron opacity is considered to be a product of structural disruption brought about by dehydroxylation due to electron radiation. A well recognized sequential deformation pattern may be used for identification purposes. Amphibole fibers tend to be straight, splintery, and electron-opaque, although curved fibers are occasionally observed. Diffraction contrast figures are visible as dark bands moving parallel and at right angles to the fiber axis. Crocidolite forms the shortest and thinnest fibers, followed in size by amosite and anthophyllite. Size distribution characteristics of the amphibole fiber types are different. The selected area electron diffraction pattern for chrysotile is unique. Reflections range in forms from streaked to arcuate. Reflection intensity and shape are related to the degree of openness of the fiber bundle and the extent of physical degradation of the fiber. The amphibole asbestos fibers possess diffraction patterns having similar characteristics prohibiting individual identification. Microchemical analysis is required for identification in such cases. A discussion of the industrial hygiene threshold limit values for ampliphibole asbestos fibers is presented. The discussion is based on their differing size distribution characteristics.
Abstract 2135: Proline, glutamic acid, leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) is essential for optimal p53-mediated DNA damage response
Authors: Binoj C. Nair, Samaya R. Krishnan, Gangadhara R. Sareddy, Monica Mann, Bo Xu, Mohan Natarajan, Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal, Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNA Damage Response (DDR) is a vital ameliorative action undertaken by cells against various intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic agents. p53 is an important transcription factor that plays a critical role in mediating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis upon DNA damage. PELP1 is a proto-oncogene and scaffolding protein that functions as a coregulator for a number of nuclear receptors such ERα and transcription factors such as E2F1. In this study, we discovered that PELP1 plays a vital role in p53-mediated DNA damage response. Using p53 wild-type breast cancer cells and PELP1-specific shRNAs, we show that cells lacking PELP1 are less sensitive to various genotoxic agents including etoposide, cisplatin, camptothecin or α-irradiation. PELP1 interacts with p53 upon DNA damage and ChIP analysis revealed that PELP1 is recruited to p53 target gene promoters. Reporter gene assays demonstrated that PELP1 functions as a coactivator of p53 and is required for optimal activation of p53 target genes under genomic stress. Mechanistic studies revealed that resistance to cell death in PELP1-depleted cells upon genotoxic stress was due to significant decrease in expression of p53 target genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PELP1 is phosphorylated at Serine 1033 upon DNA damage. Using a novel phospho-specific PELP1 antibody that specifically recognizes phosphorylated Serine 1033 on PELP1, we show that various genomic insults can induce PELP1 phosphorylation in vivo. Using cell lines that are either proficient or deficient in DDR kinases like ATM, ATR or DNAPKc, we have also established that PELP1 is phosphorylated by all three kinases depending on the type of DNA damage. Interestingly, we also found that the phosphorylation of PELP1 at Ser-1033 is important for optimal p53's transcriptional functions and that the phosphorylated form of PELP1 is recruited to the site of DNA damage when analyzed by laser micro-irradiation and confocal imaging, suggesting a potential role of PELP1 in the DNA repair process. Overall, these studies established a previously uncharacterized role of PELP1 in DNA damage response. Since PELP1 is as proto-oncogene with deregulated expression in many cancers, these findings will have implications in our understanding of cancer progression and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2135. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2135
Amoebic colitis exacerbated by steroids.
Authors: C. S. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRMSHwater shrimps, and this certainly seems to have played a role in the 1961 outbreak of cholera in the Philippines.5Travellers to countries where raw fish and other fish pro- ducts are commonly consumed should be made well aware of the potential risks.-Weare, etc.,
Why Test the Children?
Authors: Kenneth Lee Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Goran et al. (1) review the results of their study of insulin resistance and the compensatory responses to it in 57 early pubertal children of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. They utilized the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) to assess insulin sensitivity ( S i), acute insulin response (AIR), and also calculated insulin secretion, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin clearance. In these children, they found that S I, independent of adiposity, was greater in the Caucasian children than in those of African and Hispanic heritage, confirming the observations of others (2–4). They also discovered differences in the compensatory responses of Hispanic and African-American subjects, which they hypothesized would be similar. The Hispanic subjects had higher first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The African-American subjects showed a higher AIR and lower hepatic insulin extraction, with first- and second-phase insulin secretion closer to those of the Caucasian …
Efficacy of Sirolimus in Treating Tuberous Sclerosis and Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Elahna Paul, Elizabeth Thiele
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Owing to their immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects, sirolimus (also called rapamycin) and related drugs are being evaluated as part of many transplant immunosuppresion regimens, as well as for a plethora of medical conditions such as type 1 diabetes, macular degeneration, coronary artery disease, and metastatic or refractory cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, and liver, to name but a few.The effects of sirolimus are mediated by its inhibition of the curiously named cytoplasmic protein mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a ubiquitous serine–threonine kinase that is intimately involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, cell growth, cytoskeletal organization, and other . . .
Longer waits in emergency departments are inevitable as services reach capacity, report finds
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Most reasons given for the declining performance of emergency departments in England’s hospitals are wrong, or at best explain only part of the problem, a new analysis from the Health Foundation and the Nuffield Trust has found.1

Soaring attendances, ageing patients with complex problems, poor access to GP services, and winter weather are usually blamed for hospitals missing the four hour accident and emergency (AE the “soaring” figures were accounted for by emergency units dealing with less critical cases.

The proportion of older people attending A&E departments has increased, but this accounted for only 11% of the decline in performance against the target, while cold winter weather …
Roll Back Malaria campaign still has a long way to go
Authors: I. Haivas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Donors such as the US Agency for International Development and the UK Department for International Development continue to waste funds on cheap and ineffective treatment for malaria in Africa, according to a report from Medecins Sans Frontieres.

The report came out the day before the World Health Organization and Unicef launched their joint report on malaria in Africa—an update on progress towards the goals for tackling malaria set by African leaders at a summit in Abuja in 2000. These goals were to …
Treatment of motoneuron degeneration by intracerebroventricular delivery of VEGF in a rat model of ALS
Authors: Erik Storkebaum, Diether Lambrechts, Mieke Dewerchin, Maria-Paz Moreno-Murciano, Saskia Appelmans, Hideyasu Oh, Philip Van Damme, Bart Rutten, Wing Yan Man, Maria De Mol, Sabine Wyns, David Manka, Kristel Vermeulen, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Nico Mertens, Christoph Schmitz, Wim Robberecht, Edward M Conway, Désiré Collen, Lieve Moons, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2004)
British National Formulary: its birth, death, and rebirth.
Authors: O L Wade
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The British National Formulary is a direct descendant of the National War Formulary, in which the titles of the preparations were in Latin and the doses in minims and grains. The British National Formulary was born in 1948, did a good job for about 20 years, but sickened and died in 1976. It was reborn in 1981. Parturition was painful with a very hostile reception from the media and the drug industry, but it survived and has grown in stature. The 25th edition was published in February. Wish it well for the next 25 issues!