tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trials of Blood Pressure Lowering in Hypertension
Authors: Alberto Zanchetti, Costas Thomopoulos, Gianfranco Parati
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Sixty-eight blood pressure (BP)–lowering randomized controlled trials (defined as randomized controlled trials comparing active treatment with placebo, or less active treatment, achieving a BP difference, performed between 1966 and end 2013 in cohorts with ≥40% hypertensive patients, and exclusive of trials in acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, acute stroke, and dialysis) were identified and meta-analyzed grouping the randomized controlled trials on the basis of clinically relevant questions: (1) does BP lowering reduce all types of cardiovascular outcome? (2) Is prevention of all outcomes proportional to the extent of systolic, diastolic, and pulse BP? (3) Have all classes of BP-lowering drugs been shown capable of reducing all types of cardiovascular outcome? (4) Is BP lowering beneficial when intervention is initiated at any grade (or stage) of hypertension? (5) Do BP-lowering randomized controlled trials provide evidence about systolic BP and diastolic BP targets of treatment? (6) Should BP-lowering treatment be preferentially addressed to patients in higher risk categories promising larger absolute treatment benefits? The results of these meta-analyses provide further support to current hypertension treatment guidelines by showing that BP lowering can significantly reduce major cardiovascular outcomes largely independent of the agents used, significant risk reduction is found at all hypertension grades (stages), and when systolic BP is lowered below a cut off of 140 mm Hg with some further reduction limited to stroke at systolic BP values just &lt;130 mm Hg. Absolute risk reduction progressively increases higher is total cardiovascular risk, but this greater benefit is associated with a progressively higher residual risk, ie, higher treatment failures.
Prevalence of hand eczema in an industrial city
Authors: BIRGITTA MEDING, G. SWANBECK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The occurrence of hand eczema in an industrial city was studied. Questionnaires were sent to 20000 individuals aged 20–65 years, randomly selected from the population register of the city. After two reminders, a response rate of 83% was obtained. Analysis of the drop-outs did not indicate that the presence of hand eczema was an important selection factor for response to the questionnaire. Those subjects considering themselves to have had hand eczema within the previous 12 months were invited to a dermatological examination to verify the diagnosis and for further investigation. Seventy-one per cent accepted the invitation. Analysis of drop-outs showed that willingness to attend the dermatological examination was to some extent dependent on the severity of the hand eczema. It was found that almost 11% considered themselves to have had hand eczema at some time during the previous 12-month period; approximately two thirds were women. Five point four per cent had had hand eczema at a particular point in time (prevalence) and 2% had had continuous problems with hand eczema during the previous year.
Bougienage, Forceful Dilatation, and Surgery in Treatment of Achalasia
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A study of the literature has disclosed that most authors have been prejudiced either in favor of bougienage or surgery in the treatment of achalasia. Eighty-eight cases of achalasia were studied to give an unprejudiced opinion on the best treatment of this disease. Results of various types of therapy administered to the patients under study were compared. This study concluded that esophagoscopy, followed by simple mercury bougienage, should be done first to rule out other diseases of the esophagus. If this procedure does not prove satisfactory, the next step is use of the Browne-McHardy bougie passed under fluoroscopic guidance. A Heller esophagocardiomyotomy should be recommended only if other methods fail.
Considering general organizational principles for dorsal-ventral systems within an action framework
Authors: Elizabeth A. Franz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Support for the proposed dorsal-ventral distinction for the somatosensory system is not yet convincing, nor is the anatomical segregation of its pathways as clearly defined as the visual pathways. Consideration of alternative organizational principles might reveal critical differences across sensory processing systems. The role of attention and manipulations that modulate functional systems might also be worth considering.
Infections with Mycobacterium haemophilum
Authors: DAVID J. DAWSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1983Infections with Mycobacterium haemophilumDAVID J. DAWSON, B. APP. SC.DAVID J. DAWSON, B. APP. SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-561_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Davis and associates (1) have reported the first case identified in the United States of infection withMycobacterium haemophilum, a recently recognized pathogen that requires special media for primary cultivation. It was first isolated from subcutaneous granulomata of an immunosuppressed Israeli woman. When discussing additional published cases (all from Australia), Davis and associates cited reports by Walder and associates (2) and Abbott and Smith (3). I wish to inform readers that the case described by Walder and associates is the same as that mentioned in the paper by Abbott and Smith. Unfortunately, Abbott and Smith did not...References1. DAVISBRUMBACHSANDERSWOLINSKY BJWE. Skin lesions caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:723-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WALDERJEREMYCHARLESWORTHMACDONALDPUSSELLROBERTSON BDAGBM. The skin and immunosuppression. Aust J Dermatol. 1976;17:94-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ABBOTTSMITH MD. Mycobacterial infection in immunosuppressed patients. Med J Aust. 1981;1:351-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DAWSONJENNIS DF. Mycobacteria with a growth requirement for ferric ammonium citrate, identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum. J Clin Microbiol. 1980;11:190-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID J. DAWSON, B. APP. SC. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1983Volume 98, Issue 4Page: 561-561KeywordsMycobacterium haemophilumPathogens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Story of Shipyard Eye
Authors: E. Jawetz
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The title of this lecture sounds rather mysterious, suggesting the adventures of a one-eyed pirate who sabotages shipyards.In fact, this account does have much in common with a detective story: it is replete with mystery, mistaken identity, a missing phial of poison, and the final denouement in which the hero of the beginning of the story turns out tG be the villain.My story begins 70 years ago, in 1889, when several Austrian ophthalmologists (Fuchs, 1889) described a new disease entity under various names.The illness consisted of an acute conjunctivitis with extreme oedema of the conjunctiva, pain, photophobia, and lacrimation, followed by superficial erosions of the cornea, and finally by deeper, opaque subepithelial corneal infiltrates located just beneath Bowman's membrane.These unique opacities were round, located mainly in the centre of the cornea, and they persisted for up to two years.If the opacities were large or numerous enough they seriously impaired vision.Systemic manifestations of illness were lacking.In the next 40 years many reports appeared in the medical literature indicating that this illness was world- wide.Epidemics involving thousands of persons were described in Asia and sporadic cases occurred in European countries.Controversies arose among ophthalmologists regarding the possible identity of similar disease pictures, and many suggestions were made concerning the possible aetiology of the illness.However, bacteriological studies remained inconclusive.Wright (1930), who observed some 3,500 cases in Madras, suggested a viral aetiology and transmitted the typical disease to volunteers by means of filtered conjunctival washings.During the summer of 1941 a very large outbreak (more than 10,000 cases) occurred in Hawaii, at the Naval shipyards of Pearl Harbour.Soon thereafter the illness made its appearance on the West Coast of the United States.Several thousand cases were diagnosed, most of them workers in shipyards.Members of their families and other close contacts were rarely affected.Hogan and Crawford (1942) studied 125 patients in detail and coined the name' "epidemic kerato- conjunctivitis," abbreviated as E.K.C.However, the popular name "shipyard eye" was attached to the disease, and this name persisted even when the illness spread to other industries across North America in 1941-2, seriously hampering war production.
Birth After Preimplantation Diagnosis of the Cystic Fibrosis △F508 Mutation by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Human Embryos Resulting From Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection With Epididymal Sperm
Authors: Jiaen Liu, Willy Lissens, Sherman J. Silber, Paul Devroey, Ingeborg Liebaers, André Van Steirteghem
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) have been regarded as presenting a mild form of cystic fibrosis (CF). In this article, we report a case of male-factor infertility, in which both partners are carriers of the delta F508 mutation and the male partner has CBAVD. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) was performed to obtain spermatozoa; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was carried out on the oocytes since the motility of the spermatozoa was severely impaired; and embryo biopsy and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out for preimplantation diagnosis of the CF delta F508 mutation. Single-blastomere analysis was performed and indicated that two embryos were affected (homozygous delta F508) and three embryos were carriers. After transfer of the latter three embryos, a singleton pregnancy was established. At amniocentesis, the delta F508 carrier status of the fetus with a 46, XY karyotype was confirmed. A healthy boy was born and the presence of vasa deferentia, bilaterally, was confirmed. The CF sweat test was also normal. Successful fertilization can be obtained by combination of MESA and ICSI in patients with CBAVD. Preimplantation diagnosis of CF is indicated. Pregnancy and birth of normal children can ensue in such patients.
CYSTICERCOSIS OF THE BRAIN: WITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: W. Broughton-Alcock, W. E. Stevenson, C. Worster-Drought
Journal: BMJ (1928)

BPRiTiJR 980 DEc.r, 192811 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MDI~n evi(lden-ii of actual periloneal invasion.Several glan(ds aloing the lesse1Fr curi-vatutro areo slightly enlarged."Hisit logi-ally tlhe tuiinosIr is a carcinormia of gi a, calcllularity.In genelal the structure is spheroidal-celled (' enceplialoid caneer '), but there is occasional aciinar formitiationi, and(I ini places there is an abundaint fibrouis stromia.The ttumour tissue lhas comiipletely penietrated tde mtiscular coat over laige areas, but nowliere is tllhere a cancer-cell-free sclerotic imiass i.ndicative of pre-existing simple uleriationi.Maniy iierve fibres are embedded in the surface layers of the growvth suibserosally, where tlherc are also some toueli-coi puiscles in close relation to it.ThIIree I-mpIl glalnds examiniied nmicroscopically slhow extenisive invasion."On Novemiber lst, 1927, I admitted this iimani to tlhe Lecds General Inifirmiiary for investi-ation, as I was.curious 'O filld oult, if I could, lhow hie hiad coiel)eilsat.elfor the coml)lete absence of Iii.s stoniacl.At this timie lhe had graiiiecd about 1 st. in w-eio,lit w as feeling fit, aindl eating ord(inlary food, tlmoun,li shoNx Iy ai(1 ill snall quanlltities.It' lie, ate hlurrieodly or larie 0i0oiuiits lie felt (disttn(lc(l aiidl mineonmfortable liu-oever, lie sooni became hiungory againg .III.Iia(l a ci-avin,g for saugar a-ini salt.S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F Ie. i-Shiowingthe extent of the growth after laying open thei steniiach.e Thle following results were-obtained fromi var-iouis investi- gationis, andt I wishi to express iiy thianiks to Dr. Scargill, radiologist at thie Leeds Genieral Inifirmiar, anid to Dr.Foweathier and Dr. Hintfall, p)atlhologrists at the samie institutioii for thdir valuiable hielp ill this respect.X-ray Rcport, N~ovcinbcr rd, 1.927.1.A solid cachiet was giveii.This passed str-aight inito the jejunurn; no delay at the an-astomosis.2. Fluid meal.Thiis floods the upper small intestine at once; nonec is seems to pass backwards iiio, the duodeiinum.3.Four hiours after giving theo bariumii meal, all theo bariumn is iil th-e lower-ileum.4. Six hiour-s after giving the bariumi meal, caccumi filled; somne still in the lower ileum (normal findinigs).Blood Exeamination, Noccenbe5r 2nd, 1921'.The blood count showed red calls 4,500,000 per c.mnm., leucocytes
Changing Diapers at the VA Hospital
Authors: Jason David Eubanks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Ad Libitum3 September 2002Changing Diapers at the VA HospitalJason David EubanksJason David EubanksSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Will this white coat ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Current Author Address: Jason David Eubanks, 36901 Beech Hills Drive, Willoughby Hills, OH 44094. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 365KeywordsErectile dysfunctionInfants ePublished: 3 September 2002 Issue Published: 3 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Opiate substitution treatment and HIV transmission in people who inject drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: G. J. MacArthur, S. Minozzi, N. Martin, P. Vickerman, S. Deren, J. Bruneau, L. Degenhardt, M. Hickman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the effect of opiate substitution treatment in relation to HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective published and unpublished observational studies. <b>Data sources</b> Search of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library from the earliest year to 2011 without language restriction. <b>Review methods</b> We selected studies that directly assessed the impact of opiate substitution treatment in relation to incidence of HIV and studies that assessed incidence of HIV in people who inject drugs and that might have collected data regarding exposure to opiate substitution treatment but not have reported it. Authors of these studies were contacted. Data were extracted by two reviewers and pooled in a meta-analysis with a random effects model. <b>Results</b> Twelve published studies that examined the impact of opiate substitution treatment on HIV transmission met criteria for inclusion, and unpublished data were obtained from three additional studies. All included studies examined methadone maintenance treatment. Data from nine of these studies could be pooled, including 819 incident HIV infections over 23 608 person years of follow-up. Opiate substitution treatment was associated with a 54% reduction in risk of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (rate ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.67; P&lt;0.001). There was evidence of heterogeneity between studies (I<sup>2</sup>=60%, χ<sup>2</sup>=20.12, P=0.010), which could not be explained by geographical region, site of recruitment, or the provision of incentives. There was weak evidence for greater benefit associated with longer duration of exposure to opiate substitution treatment. <b>Conclusion</b> Opiate substitution treatment provided as maintenance therapy is associated with a reduction in the risk of HIV infection among people who inject drugs. These findings, however, could reflect comparatively high levels of motivation to change behaviour and reduce injecting risk behaviour among people who inject drugs who are receiving opiate substitution treatment.
Social skills training.
Authors: P Trower
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Called to accountConsultants who are cavalier about patients' complaints had better watch out; they could find themselves called to account before a parliamentary select committee.On 24 March Dr James Thirkettle, a consultant physician at Crawley Hospital in East Sussex, will appear before the Select Committee on the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, which shadows the ombudsman.Dr Thirkettle will be questioned on why a patient's family was not informed of his sudden and fatal deterioration in time to visit him while he was still conscious and why over the next six months he "fobbed off" written and telephoned requests for an explanation.According to the ombudsman's report, Dr Thirkettle told him that a response would have led to "protracted correspondence" and that he did not have time to go through the clinical notes.But the invitation to appear before the committee is not one he will be able to decline.Select committees have the power to summon individuals to appear before them, and anyone who refuses will be in contempt of Parliament.In December the committee summoned Mr G D Wood, a consultant dental surgeon at Arrowe Park Hospital, the Wirral, who on three occasions took more than four months to reply to patients' complaints.In two of the cases, when he eventually replied, he merely said: "I have no comment to make on
Poliovirus Shedding and Seroconversion
Authors: Manuel Roca-Garcia, Floyd S. Markham, Herald R. Cox, Oscar Vargas-Mendez, Eduardo C. Guevara, Juan A. Montoya
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two groups of children received trivalent poliovirus vaccine. Group B had two doses, 10 to 11 weeks apart. Group A had one dose after 10 to 11 weeks of contact with Group B vaccinates. The second dose increased Group B seroconversions for poliovirus types I, II, and III, respectively, from 87% to 97%, 43% to 69%, and 91% to 100%. Corresponding Group A seroconversions resulting from contact were 25%, 20%, and 52% and increased following a single dose of vaccine to 99%, 60%, and 100%. Children with seven different wild enterovirus infections responded to vaccine type I. Rates of type I shedding after vaccination of children already type I seropositive were approximately 18% for those under 7 years of age and 60% for those under 2 years of age.
The Effect of Digitalis on Cardiac Hypertrophy.
Authors: H. A. Hare
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Philadelphia, July 16, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been much interested in reading an article on this subject by Dr. Wynn inThe Journal, July 16. Aside from my interest in matters therapeutic, my attention was called to this article by reason of the fact that some years ago I published a research which seemed to show that digitalis in moderate dose is capable of producing a very distinct increase in the cardiac muscular fibers, provided that the use of the drug is continued for a long period of time. My results at that time seemed a little more positive than those of Dr. Wynn, although I am again interested to note that in the animals which he employed the hearts weighed more when digitalis had been given than in those animals which did not receive the drug. In regard to the doses named in Dr. Wynn's article, I
Oxygen and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R. Waldram
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEDICBUAAL 559were inserted into the fossa navicularis, approximately 10 mm. from the exterior.It may be significant that the swabs were transported in our mycoplasma transport medium, which contains yeast extract and 20% unheated horse serum,3 and were not frozen.We have frequently isolated H.S.V. from cervical swabs transported in nutrient broth, but it is possible that a higher number of isolations of H.S.V. might be achieved by using a transport medium enriched with serum.-Weare, etc.,
High-Dose Epinephrine in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Jerrold B. Leikin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest and disappointment of the failure of high-dose epinephrine to improve neurological outcome in cases of adult cardiac arrest.<sup>1</sup>We report our limited experience in resuscitation of infants and children with high-dose epinephrine. Four children ranging in age from 11 days to 3 years experienced witnessed cardiopulmonary arrests. The initial treatment according to the advanced cardiac life support standards failed to produce a clinical response. In a last-ditch attempt to revive the children, we initiated a continuous infusion with pressor agents. In the first patient, dopamine hydrochloride (20 μg/kg per minute), dobutamine (20 μg/kg per minute), and epinephrine (10 μg/kg per minute) were given with a resultant ventricular fibrillation rhythm. The patient was then successfully defibrillated and stabilized though severe hypoxemic encephalopathy followed. The technique was used twice afterward with a similar response by the heart. In one of these cases, the patient
Lipopolysaccharide amplifies eosinophilic inflammation after segmental challenge with house dust mite in asthmatics
Authors: M. Berger, J. D. de Boer, P. Bresser, T. van der Poll, R. Lutter, P. J. Sterk, J. S. van der Zee
Journal: Allergy (2014)

House dust contains mite allergens as well as bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Asthma exacerbations are associated with the level of exposure to allergens and LPS. LPS can potentiate allergen effects in steroid-naïve patients. Long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) were shown to inhibit LPS-induced bronchial inflammation in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LPS on the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation [primary endpoints: eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)] induced by bronchial instillation of house dust mite (HDM) in patients with asthma on maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).Thirty-two nonsmoking asthmatics with HDM allergy were treated with run-in medication (fluticasone propionate 100 μg bid) during 2 weeks before the study day. All patients underwent bronchial challenge with HDM, and half of them were randomized to receive additional LPS. Both groups were randomized to receive pretreatment with a single inhalation of 100 μg salmeterol 30 min before bronchial segmental challenge. Six hours later, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected for leukocyte cell count, differentials, and cellular activation markers.Challenge with HDM/LPS induced a significant increase in eosinophil cationic protein (P = 0.036) and a trend toward an increase in BALF eosinophils as compared to HDM challenge.Lipopolysaccharide promotes eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with asthma despite being on maintenance treatment with ICS.
Focal Marrow Replacement Observed with Colloid Liver Imaging
Authors: BRIAN C. LENTLE, GIANFRANCO CAMUZZINI, COLIN STYLES, HEATHER PENNEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

LENTLE, BRIAN C. M.D., F.R.C.P.(C); CAMUZZINI, GIANFRANCO M.D.; STYLES, COLIN M.B., B.S.; PENNEY, HEATHER M.D., F.R.C.P.(C) Author Information
WHO challenges food industry in report on diet and health
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A major report on how millions of people around the world can avoid chronic disease through diet and exercise has called on the food industry to reduce amounts of certain types of fats as well as salt and sugar in snacks and processed foods.

The report says that many deaths attributed to chronic diseases are due to obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol concentrations, and low levels of physical …