tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Peer-Based Healthy Living Lesson Plans on Anthropometric Measures and Physical Activity in Elementary School Students
Authors: Robert G. Santos, Anita Durksen, Rasheda Rabbanni, Jean-Pierre Chanoine, Andrea Lamboo Miln, Teresa Mayer, Jonathan M. McGavock
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

IMPORTANCE Schools are considered an attractive setting to promote healthy living behaviors in children, but previous school-based interventions aimed at preventing weight gain in children have yielded mixed results.Novel school-based approaches are needed to modify healthy living behaviors and attenuate weight gain in children.OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a peer-led healthy living program called Healthy Buddies on weight gain and its determinants when disseminated at the provincial level to elementary school students.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cluster-randomized effectiveness trial performed during the 2009-2010 school year.Baseline and follow-up measurements were made in October 2009 and May 2010, respectively.The study was performed in 19 elementary schools in Manitoba, Canada, and included 647 elementary school students aged 6 to 12 years (48% girls).INTERVENTION Schools were randomized to receive regular curriculum or Healthy Buddies lesson plans.Lesson plans were delivered by older (9-to 12-year-old) elementary school students to the younger (6-to 8-year-old) peers and targeted 3 components of health: physical activity, healthy eating, and self-esteem and body image. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome measures were the change in waist circumference and body mass index z score.Secondary outcomes included physical activity (steps per day), cardiorespiratory fitness, self-efficacy, healthy living knowledge, and self-reported dietary intake.RESULTS At baseline, 36% of children were overweight or obese and 11% achieved the recommended 13 500 steps per day.Intention-to-treat analyses showed that waist circumference declined significantly in the intervention group relative to controls: -1.60 cm (-2.28 to -0.91; P < .001).Reductions in waist circumference were particularly significant for children who were overweight or obese or attending First Nations schools.No difference in body mass index z score was observed between groups.Self-efficacy, healthy living knowledge, and dietary intake significantly improved in younger peers who received the intervention compared with students from control schools.No differences were observed in daily step counts or cardiorespiratory fitness between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe implementation of Healthy Buddies lesson plans delivered by older peers within an elementary school setting is an effective method for attenuating increases in central adiposity and improving knowledge of healthy living behaviors among elementary school students.Improvements were achieved with parallel improvements in diet quality, self-efficacy, and knowledge of healthy living.
Atrial Ionic Remodeling Induced by Atrial Tachycardia in the Presence of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Tae-Joon Cha, Joachim R. Ehrlich, Liming Zhang, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF) produce discrete forms of atrial ionic remodeling. The in vivo effects of atrial tachycardia (AT) remodeling are altered by CHF. This study evaluated underlying mechanisms at the level of ionic remodeling.We studied 4 groups of dogs: (1) unpaced controls (CTLs); (2) CHF caused by 2-week ventricular tachypacing (VTP, 240 bpm); (3) AT (400 bpm x 7 days); and (4) CHF+AT (2-week VTP with AT for the last 7 days). CHF and CHF+AT groups equally increased left atrial pressure. AF duration was increased in all paced groups. Effective refractory period (ERP) was decreased by 42% in AT versus CTL but by only 24% in AT+CHF versus CHF. CHF reduced L-type Ca2+ (I(Ca)), transient-outward (I(to)), and the slow delayed-rectifier (I(Ks)) currents while increasing the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (I(NCX)) and not affecting the inward-rectifier (I(K1)) current. AT reduced I(to) and I(Ca) while increasing I(K1) and leaving I(Ks) unaltered. The addition of AT to CHF failed to alter I(to), I(Ks), or I(NCX) beyond the effect of CHF alone, decreased I(Ca) slightly compared with CHF alone, but had smaller effects on I(Ca) and I(K1) compared with AT alone. Thus, CHF+AT, as would occur in a CHF patient who develops AF, produced an ionic remodeling pattern different from that of CHF or AT alone and from what would have been predicted from additive effects of CHF and AT.The presence of CHF alters AT-induced ionic remodeling. Thus, the ionic remodeling caused by cardiac arrhythmias in the presence of cardiac pathology is not necessarily predictable from the effects of either alone, with important potential implications for understanding the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in the diseased heart.
7-MONTHS FOLLOW-UP OF DRUG ELUTING STENT RESTENOSIS TREATED BY DRUG ELUTING BALLOON: PROSPECTIVE AND MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Beatriz Vaquerizo, Antonio Serra, Faustino Miranda-Guardiola, Vanesa Martinez, Joan Antoni Gomez-Hospital, Angel Cequier, Andres Iniguez, Jose Antonio Baz, Guillermo Bastos, Eduard Fernandez, Oriol Rodriguez, Josepa Mauri, Mario Sabada, Jose Ramon Rumoroso, Asier Subinas, Rafael Garcia-Borbolla, Antonio Gomez, Jesus Oneto, Antonio Martinez, Francisco Bossa, Raul Moreno, Alejandro Saez, Imanol Otaegui, Bruno Garcia, Juan Angel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coumarin Therapy and Platelet Aggregation
Authors: L. Poller, J. M. Thomson, C. M. Priest
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Platelet aggregation has been related to blood coagulation studies in patients on nicoumalone, a coumarin anticoagulant. Aggregation studies were performed by means of Chandler's tube and the adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.)-induced optical density method. Platelet aggregation in Chandler's tube has been shown to be quite different from A.D.P. aggregation and to be dependent on the "intrinsic" (blood) clotting system. When the intrinsic system was depressed by coumarin anticoagulant, aggregation was delayed in Chandler's tube, but patients with a predominantly "extrinsic" (tissue) system defect gave normal results even when their prothrombin time was excessively prolonged. In contrast there was an increased response to A.D.P. in the anticoagulated patients.The study emphasizes the different mechanisms of platelet aggregation, which we have referred to as coagulation-induced and A.D.P.-induced aggregation. It also shows the limitations of routine control of oral anticoagulants by prothrombin time alone, as the coagulation-induced platelet aggregation appears to be quantitatively related to the overall level of clotting factors in the intrinsic system and independent of the extrinsic system.
Syndromes in Workers Exposed to Trimellitic Anhydride
Authors: C. RAYMOND ZEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A longitudinal study of workers involved in the manufacture of trimellitic anhydride has been in progress since 1977. Trimellitic anhydride is a low-molecular-weight, reactive chemical used in the manufacture of plastics. Initial studies done in 1976 defined three syndromes due to inhalation of trimellitic anhydride: asthma-rhinitis, a late respiratory systemic syndrome, and an irritant response. Also, serologic techniques were developed to measure total antibody and IgE antibody to trimellityl human serum albumin. From 1977 to 1981, 64 workers were assessed. Six workers presented with asthma-rhinitis, high levels of IgE antibody, and skin test reactivity to trimellityl human serum albumin; five workers developed the late respiratory systemic syndrome; and one worker had both immunologic syndromes. These serologic measurements detected or were predictive of an immunologic respiratory illness and were useful in monitoring workers involved in the manufacture of trimellitic anhydride.
Specialty Board Examinations
Authors: David S. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The commentary, Whither the Specialty Boards? (235:1849, 1976), and the editorial by Stewart Wolf, MD (235:1883, 1976), deserves serious consideration by the governing bodies of the specialty boards. The initial reasons for the boards were very high-minded and rendered them effective in serving a great and useful purpose for medicine and our patients. However, presently the boards are no longer examining clinical acumen but, as stated in the cited references, are testing our ability to pass examinations, not our ability to care for patients. The real beneficiaries of the board examinations, and now recertification, and re-recertification, appear to be those organizing and giving the examinations. The last annual report of the American College of Physicians cited the Profit obtained from these examinations. In addition to this, federal agencies are beginning to use our board examinations and certifications for determining salary. When we all get our general staff
Elevated 17-Hydroxyprogesterone and Testosterone in a Newborn with 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: José F. Cara, Thomas Moshang, Alfred M. Bongiovanni, Barry S. Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most frequent cause of ambiguous genitalia and adrenal insufficiency in newborn infants. The diagnosis of the specific enzyme deficiency resulting in the condition is based on finding an elevation of the serum and urinary concentrations of the steroid precursors that precede the enzyme defect. Thus, the diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is based on finding elevated concentrations of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and urinary pregnanetriol levels, whereas a deficiency of 11-hydroxylase or of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-β-HSD) is diagnosed by the finding of elevated serum concentrations of 11-deoxycortisol or 17-hydroxypregnenolone, respectively (Fig. 1).1 Because of the limited availability of . . .
Are Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Patients at Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis? Impaired Endothelial Function and Increased Intima Media Thickness Are Found in FMF
Authors: Ali Akdogan, Meral Calguneri, Bunyamin Yavuz, E. Bengi Arslan, Umut Kalyoncu, Levent Sahiner, Omer Karadag, Ihsan Ertenli, Sedat Kiraz, Kudret Aytemir, Deniz Akata, Lale Tokgozoglu, Ali Oto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Critical and natural sensitivity to base rates
Authors: Gernot D. Kleiter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract This commentary discusses three points: (1) The implications of the fact that it is rational to ignore base rates if probabilities are estimated by frequencies from samples without missing data (natural sampling); (2) second order probabilities distributions are a plausible way to model imprecise probabilities; and (3) Bayesian networks represent a normative reference for multi-cue models of probabilistic inference.
PAROVARIAN CYST WITH TWISTED PEDICLE
Authors: C. Berkeley
Journal: BMJ (1905)

COLLOID CARCINOMA IN A CHILD.TL BmmA 925 illness, she discovered that she had an abdominal tumour, and coneulted me.I noted "small uterine fibroid, no trouble- some eymptoms, no bleeding."The period was regular, appearing every twenty-eight days.In the course of the year, after I examined the tumour, the show became more frequent, and small clots passed.In January, 1899, I found that the tumour was much enlarged, a lobule buiged into
Alterations of NFIA in chronic malignant myeloid diseases
Authors: F Bernard, V Gelsi-Boyer, A Murati, S Giraudier, V Trouplin, J Adélaïde, J Rey, S Olschwang, W Vainchenker, M Chaffanet, N Vey, M J Mozziconacci, D Birnbaum
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Abstract LB-366: A role for hNDPK-B in breast cancer metastasis <i>in vivo.</i>
Authors: Nucharee Yokdang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer cells promote angiogenesis early in tumorigenesis under mutagenic/hypoxic conditions that drive oncogene expression of pro-angiogenic proteins. Clinical data suggest that by the time women are diagnosed with breast cancer, micrometastases are extant but suppressed by the primary tumor. It is imperative that we discover how to suppress metastases at or before breast biopsy, lumpectomy or mastectomy. We have shown in vitro that human breast cancers secrete nucleoside diphosphate kinase (sNDPK), which generates ATP from ADP locally to act at ATP-P2Y receptors locally to regulate blood flow, cell migration, and vascular permeability consistent with intravasation and extravasation of cancer cells and angiogenic stimulation at the metastatic niche. The ability of ATP-P2 receptor stimulation to transactivate the endothelial VEGF receptor in the absence of VEGF suggests the possibility that cancer cell-secreted NDPK, endothelial P2Y receptors, and VEGF receptors interact as partners in tumor angiogenesis in vitro. Our in vitro data strongly suggest a role for NDPK blockers and P2-receptor antagonists in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (US Patent No. 10/331,375). We have now extended our studies of purinergic regulation of angiogenesis in vivo in a breast cancer metastasis model in mice carrying luciferase-tagged human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231Luc+) to permit tracking of primary tumor development and tumor metastases. We hypothesized that orthotopic-human tumors growing in SCID mice modulate extracellular sNDPK-B levels to attract angiogenic growth, development and metastasis. Examination of serum using Western blot and an ELISA assay of our own design revealed that tumors secreted sNDPK-B in large amounts two weeks after subcutaneous injection of cancer cells in the mammary fat pad. There is a correlation between secreted NDPK-B and tumor size. We confirmed the activity of sNDPK-B as a phosphoprotein trans-phosphorylase. PCR studies suggest that in more aggressive tumors, expression of sNDPK-B mRNA is increased (r2=0.97), while there is no correlation between intracellular NDPK-B and extracellular sNDPK-B expression. Differential mRNA expression may be seen between primary and metastatic cells and could underscore the role of sNDPK-B in mediating metastatic tumor development. Studies underway with mice carrying tumors and implanted with osmotic drug-delivery pumps will determine the effect of NDPK-B blockers, purinergic receptor antagonists and combined therapy on tumor burden and metastasis development and regression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-366.
Interaction of soluble fibroblast surface antigen with fribrinogen and fibrin.
Authors: E Ruoslahti, A Vaheri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

A cell-type specific glycoprotein antigen (SFA) from fibroblast surface appears in human plasma and serum. The amount of SFA in serum was reduced if the blood coagulation clot was removed at a low temperature. SFA could be bound to Sepharose-conjugated fibrinogen and to fibrin powder at 0 degrees C and was subsequently released when the temperature was elevated to plus 37 degrees C. This procedure resulted in a 10-fold enrichment of SFA relative to other serum proteins. SFA was found to be concentrated in the cryoprecipitate fraction of human plasma and was copurified with the cold insoluble globulin (CIG) with procedures published for the purification of the latter component. SFA/CIG is not soluble at low temperatures as such and its appearance in the cryoprecipitate fraction of plasma is likely to be due to its affinity to cryofibrinogen evident from these experiments. The biological significance of the interaction of fibroblast surface SFA moleculres with fibrin(ogen) is not known.
Encephalitis Depicted by a Combination of C-11 Acetate and F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hui-Chun Wang, Jun Zhao, Chuan-Tao Zuo, Zheng-Wei Zhang, Fang-Ping Xue, Ping Liu, Feng-Chun Hua, Hai-Bo Tan, Yi-Hui Guan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 32-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of intermittent amnesia and episodes of syncope. A brain MRI indicated that the patient had either a low-grade glioma or encephalitis. A dual tracer PET/CT scan with both C-11 acetate and FDG was performed to further assess the nature of the brain abnormality. The CT images revealed a low-density lesion in the left hippocampus, which had intense FDG uptake, but was not C-11 acetate-avid. Based on the imaging results, encephalitis was considered the most likely diagnosis. The patient recovered completely following the therapy tailored to encephalitis.
A Neuroendocrine Tumor Syndrome from Cholecystokinin Secretion
Authors: Jens F. Rehfeld, Birgitte Federspiel, Linda Bardram
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A clinical syndrome of ulcers and diarrhea, which mimics the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome but with normal gastrin levels, was associated with a neuroendocrine tumor secreting cholecystokinin.
Cytomegalovirus Is Frequently Isolated in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients without Pneumonia
Authors: Petri Ruutu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

We prospectively studied the presence of cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage through virus isolation in 21 bone marrow transplant recipients before and after transplantation. All 14 lavage specimens collected before bone marrow transplantation were negative for cytomegalovirus. During the period from 20 to 90 days after transplantation, 12 of 24 lavage specimens (50%) from 14 patients without lung problems were positive for cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from 4 of 10 lavage specimens (40%) in 7 patients with pneumonia during the same interval. We conclude that culture for cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is not a reliable method for establishing the virus's causative role in pneumonia soon after bone marrow transplantation. Among 14 patients in whom bronchoalveolar lavage was done at an asymptomatic stage, 6 of 9 patients with cytomegalovirus and none of 5 without cytomegalovirus in the lavage fluid later developed pneumonia. All of the patients subsequently developing pneumonia also had acute graft-versus-host disease, suggesting an immunopathologic mechanism, possibly triggered by cytomegalovirus, for cytomegalovirus-associated pneumonia.
Synopsis of pediatrics.
Authors: Avron Y. Sweet
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Hughes and his 20 collaborators from the University of Tennessee College of Medicine have written a rather complete, up-to-date abridged textbook of pediatrics. The material is presented clearly and succinctly with adequate tabular material and illustrations. This small book is rather surprisingly broad in scope but, as would be expected, is rather superficial in its treatment of topics. It falls short of its goal of explaining fundamental mechanisms of disease and bridging the gap between basic medical science and clinical medicine. Fundamental mechanisms are often mentioned but little more is offered. In other respects, Dr. Hughes and his group have attained their goal of producing an accurate, informative book that lies somewhere beyond the manuals and short of the weighty texts.
Connecting Certification and Education
Authors: Toby Schonfeld, Cory Labrecque, Hugh Stoddard
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In their article “Structuring a Written Examination to Assess ASBH Health Care Ethics Consultation Core Knowledge Competencies,” Bruce D. White, Jane B. Jankowski, and Wayne N. Shelton (2014) descr...
Peter Mark Roget, with His Thesaurus
Authors: Dwight O'Hara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ONE thousand, three hundred pages in 2 volumes, published in 1832 as Animal and Vegetable Physiology, Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, and reappearing in at least 5 subsequent editions, identifies this doctor afield on its title page with the following legend: "Peter Mark Roget, M.D., Secretary to the Royal Society, Fullerian Professor of Physiology in the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vice President of the Society of Arts, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Consulting Physician to the Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital, and to the Northern Dispensary, etc. etc."Born in London in 1779, Roget was two years . . .
Pills, Profits, and Politics
Authors: J. Harvey Young
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<i>Pills, Profits, and Politics</i>offers a factual, sober appraisal of virtually every aspect of the American medicinal drug scene during the last dozen turbulent years since the Kefauver law of 1962. The authors bring high qualifications to their task. Silverman is a biochemist, pharmacologist, and science writer; Lee, a physician and medical administrator, formerly Assistant Secretary for Health in Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). Both played key roles in HEW's Task Force on Prescription Drugs and both now teach at the School of Medicine of the University of California, San Francisco. Thus, academic and governmental medicine flavor their perspective, which may present a challenge to some physician readers. Nonetheless, Silverman and Lee's critique is so incisive, their evidence so extensive, their opinions so candid, and their proposed reforms so explicit, their book deserves a wide audience within the medical profession. Not neglecting the life-saving role of drugs in America, the
Developed world is robbing Africa of health staff: New ways of delivering health care are needed in developing countries
Authors: Malcolm MacLachlan, Eilish Mc Auliffe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Coombes says that the unwillingness of richer countries to train sufficient numbers of their own doctors and nurses is creating an international market in health human resources.1 The resulting outflow of human resources from those countries with the highest disease burden is one example of how healthcare knowledge and capacity to apply that knowledge is being severely undermined. …
CHADS_2 score predicted bleeding and death in atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulants
Authors: Dorothea Wild
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Oldgren J, Alings M, Darius H, et al. Risks for stroke, bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving dabigatran or warfarin in relation to the CHADS2 score: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:660-7. 22084332
Exercise-Induced Hypertension in Normotensive Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Gerald A Blake, Seymour R Levin, Sankar N Koyal
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The aim of this study was to determine whether blood pressure during mild to moderate exercise is abnormal in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study group consisted of 11 patients with NIDDM and 11 nondiabetic subjects of comparable age and body mass index. All subjects were sedentary and basally normotensive. Bicycle ergometry was used to assess the effect of exercise on blood pressure at a steady state of 70-75 W, with a target duration of 20 min. Blood pressure was measured basally and every 5 min. Greater exercise-induced systolic blood pressure (mean max 208.0 +/- 6.0 vs. 177.0 +/- 3.0 mmHg) occurred in the NIDDM group (P less than 0.001). Neither pulse rate nor diastolic blood pressure differed between the groups before or during exercise. Return to basal pulse and blood pressure was similar. Mild to moderate exercise induces greater systolic blood pressure in sedentary patients with NIDDM. Because exercise is recommended as one therapeutic modality, intraexercise blood pressure should be considered in assessing the safety of this form of treatment.