tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Productive infection of dendritic cells by HIV-1 and their ability to capture virus are mediated through separate pathways.
Authors: A Blauvelt, H Asada, M W Saville, V Klaus-Kovtun, D J Altman, R Yarchoan, S I Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

There is substantial evidence that dendritic cells (DC) residing within epithelial surfaces (e.g., Langerhans cells) are the initial cells infected with HIV after mucosal exposure to virus. To study DC-HIV interactions in detail, we propagated Langerhans cell-like DC from cord blood CD34(+) cells and from adult blood plastic-adherent PBMC in the presence of cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-4, and/or TNF-alpha). DC pulsed overnight with HIVBaL or HIVIIIB were infected productively with both viral subtypes (as assessed by PCR, supernatant p24 protein levels, electron microscopy, and antibody staining). Productive infection could be blocked by anti-CD4 mAbs, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) (for HIVBaL), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (for HIVIIIB), or azidothymidine added during the HIV pulse, as well as by blocking DC proliferation. However, pulsing DC with HIV under these blocking conditions had no effect on the ability of DC to capture virus and transmit infection to cocultured antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells. Thus, we show by several criteria that (a) productive infection of DC and (b) the ability of DC to capture virus are mediated through separate pathways. We suggest that strategies designed to block mucosal transmission of HIV should consider interfering with both virus infection and virus capture by DC.
Selected Measures of Health Status for Mexican-American, Mainland Puerto Rican, and Cuban-American Children
Authors: Fernando S. Mendoza
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The 1987 National Vital Statistics System and the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1982 through 1984) were used to assess the health status of Mexican-American, mainland Puerto Rican, and Cuban-American children by examining the prevalences of pregnancy outcomes and chronic medical conditions. The low-birth-weight rate among Hispanics (7.0%) compared favorably with that of non-Hispanic whites (7.1%) despite the greater poverty and lower levels of education among Hispanics. When examined by Hispanic subgroup, however, significant differences were present, with mainland Puerto Ricans having the highest prevalences of low-birth-weight infants. Premature births were more common among all three Hispanic subgroups than among non-Hispanic whites. Mexican-American and Cuban-American children had a similar prevalence of (3.9% and 2.5%, respectively) chronic medical conditions compared with non-Hispanic white children; Puerto Rican children had a higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions (6.2%). When assessed by these health status indicators, Hispanic children seem to have a health status similar to non-Hispanic white children. However, mainland Puerto Rican children seem at greater risk for poor health, reflecting the US Hispanic population's heterogeneity. Health programs targeted at US Hispanics should appropriately consider these group differences.
Effects of fat cells on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a reconstructed rat skin model using collagen gel matrix culture
Authors: H. Sugihara, S. Toda, N. Yonemitsu, K. Watanabe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Fat cells (stromal tissue cells), not only have the function of lipid metabolism, but produce various cytokines that exert an influence on other cell types through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms. Objectives To elucidate possible roles of fat cells in the skin, we examined their effects on the biological behaviour of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in culture. Methods In the present study, focusing upon fat cell–keratinocyte or fat cell–dermal fibroblast interactions, we used a reconstructed skin system with rat skin cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture. Results In this coculture system, fat cells promoted the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. When keratinocytes were seeded directly on the fat cell layer without dermal fibroblasts, they proliferated extensively and formed a thick epidermal layer with a well-differentiated structure. Conversely, fat cells inhibited the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. These effects of fat cells were presumed to be mediated by cytokines derived from the fat cells. Conclusions The effects of fat cells could not be mimicked by the addition of leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α or insulin-like growth factor-II, suggesting that fat cells are mediating these activities via some other cytokines.
Rate of decline in US AIDS cases is slowing
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The rate of decline in new cases of AIDS in the United States has slowed substantially, according to statistics released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at its 2001 national HIV prevention conference in Atlanta, Georgia.

The number of new cases and deaths per quarter—about 10000 and 4000 respectively—has remained about …
The Ethics of Bioethics: Mapping the Moral Landscape
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4587: Quantitative analysis of IGF-1R signaling pathway activation in FFPE tissue
Authors: David Krizman, Todd Hembrough, Jenny Hiedbrink-Thompson, Sheeno Thyparambil, Jon Burrows, Marlene Darfler, Amol Prakash, Bryan Krastins, David Sarracino, Taha Rezai, Michael Athanas, Mary Lopez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multiple Ewing's sarcoma clinical trials targeting insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) with IGF-1R small molecules and antibody inhibitors are currently underway. The IGF-1R signal pathway is commonly activated in many cancer types so this targeted therapeutic approach holds great promise for not only treating Ewing's sarcoma but other types of cancers as well. There is currently no good method to quantitatively measure the IGF-1R protein, its phosphorylation status, or the immediate downstream signal pathway target IRS-1. Being able to quantify these proteins and determine their phosphorylation status directly in patient tissue biopsies could help identify and select patients most likely to benefit from anti-IGF-1R therapies. We have developed an approach to determine both absolute IGF-1R and IRS-1 levels and the phosphorylation status of both proteins directly in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient tissue. This approach is based on the Liquid Tissue®-SRM technology platform, a combination of tissue microdissection, Liquid Tissue® processing which turns dissected tissue to a complete solubilized tryptic digest, and mass spectrometry-based selected reaction monitoring (SRM). This approach enables relative and absolute quantification of proteins and their phosphorylation status directly in formalin fixed tissue. This approach was used to measure the IGF-1R protein and its phosphorylation sites pY1131, pY1135, and pY1136 as well as the IRS-1 protein and its phosphorylation sites pY612 and pY896 in formalin fixed tissue culture cells and xenograft tumors. Results indicate the potential to detect and quantify the IGF-1R and IRS-1 proteins and to monitor their phosphorylation status directly in FFPE tumor tissue which could be used to identify and stratify patients most likely to benefit from anti-IGF-1R therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4587.
THE ACTION OF PITUITARY EXTRACT ON THE UTERUS
Authors: M. PIERCE RUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In 1921, Dr. C. C. Haskell and I 1 wrote an article on the dangers of pituitary extract which caused quite a disturbance in French medical literature, culminating in a special double number of the Revue francaise de gynecologie et d'obstetrique , 2 devoted entirely to the consideration of the use of hypophysial extract in obstetrics. The 105 pages of the issue are taken up chiefly with various men's ideas as to the modes of administration (subcutaneous or intravenous), the dosage, the indications and contraindications, and the explanation of the maternal and fatal catastrophes. (It is admitted that some have occurred.) Laurentie has two pages in which he reports a disaster. He makes the point, a very good one, that uterine inertia may be associated with muscular degeneration. If Couvelaire's reply to the editor's questionnaire 3 had been put in a conspicuous place, say as an introduction, instead of in fine
Evaluation of autogenous vein bypass grafts for femoro-popliteal arterial occlusion.
Authors: R. M. Baddeley, L. J. Lawson, F. Ashton, G. Slaney
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis-Evans et al. account of the sytemic use of idoxuridine in the treatment of a severe D.N.A.-virus infection, herpes simplex encephalitis.The place of idoxuridine in the chemotherapy of viral encephalitis, with or without corticosteroids, must await further trial; at least the facts of this case suggest that it may have antiviral action within the central nervous system.As the chemotherapy of virus disease.advances drugs are likely to be developed which are type-specific.Early identifica- tion of virus will be important.Brain biopsy, with the technique of Blackwood and Cumings (1959), is a safe and reliable procedure, but successful isolation of virus may depend on the speed with which material reaches the laboratory.ADDENDUM.-Since this report was submitted for publication Breeden et al. (1966) have described a case of herpes simplex encephalitis in a middle-aged man who recovered after treatment by cerebral decompression and a seven-day course of idoxuridine.1 , Our thanks are due to Professor W.
Vancomycin resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>reported
Authors: Debbie Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The United States Centers for Disease Control have reported the emergence of a strain of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus .

Two cases have been documented in the US so far, and they follow the appearance of the first known case of vancomycin resistant S aureus earlier this year in Japan. The resistant isolates occurred in patients receiving multiple courses of vancomycin and other antibiotics for illnesses such …
Midland Branch: The Lessons of the Crimean War
Authors: Ed. M. Wrench
Journal: BMJ (1899)

CRIMEAN WAR. ;>J v 205 cases where medicinal and expectant treatment will probably lose from 50 to 95 per cent., or more.Perhaps the battle of medical versus surgical treatment has been fought most vigorously over cases of appendicitis.I find that surgeons are becoming more and more convinced that the mortality would be diminished if all cases were operated on as soon as the diagnosis is tolerably certain.Mayo Robson says:It may seem somewhat radical, but I speak from conviction after consi- derable experience, when I say that I believe the early operation undertaken as soon as appendicitis is diagnosed, first advocated by Dr.McBurney, would lead to a far greater percentage of recoveries than the method of individualising wli6h we in England generally adopt.
Serum eosinophil cationic protein (sECP) in subjects with a history of asthma symptoms with or without rhinitis
Authors: L. Perfetti, E. Galdi, B. Bramé, L. Speciale, G. Moscato
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Serum eosinophil cationic protein (sECP) has been proposed as a marker of disease activity in bronchial asthma. The study aimed to evaluate the role of sECP in screening asthmatics in a group of subjects with asthma and rhinitis symptoms, and the relationship between sECP and clinical and functional parameters of asthma.A total of 185 subjects with asthma symptoms, 149 of them with rhinitis as well, underwent skin tests, spirometry, methacholine (MCH) test, blood sampling for eosinophil percentage (bEOS%) and sECP determination, and nasal secretions smear for eosinophil percentage (nEOS%) determination; PEF values, symptoms, and medication over a period of 4 weeks after sampling for sECP quantitation were recorded on a diary.A total of 99 (53%) subjects received a diagnosis of asthma (asthmatics), and 86 did not (nonasthmatics). In asthmatics, neither sECP nor bEOS% was significantly different from nonasthmatics. In asthmatics, sECP was higher in subjects with increased than in those with normal daily PEF variability (16.4, 6.8-24.4 vs 5.3, 3.9-8.4 microg/l; P<0.001). sECP was higher in moderate persistent asthma than in intermittent asthma (24.8, 10.6-53 vs 8.4, 5.6-14.1; P<0.05). In nonasthmatics (73 with a history of rhinitis), both sECP and bEOS% correlated with nEOS% (rho=0.35; P<0.01 and rho=0.53; P<0.001).In adults with asthma symptoms with or without rhinitis, sECP did not distinguish asthmatics from nonasthmatics. In asthmatics, sECP was associated with PEF variability and symptom severity. In subjects with asthma and rhinitis, as well as in subjects with only rhinitis, sECP levels are possibly influenced by nasal inflammation.
Chronic osteomelitis. II. Treatment with closed irrigation and suction
Authors: P. J. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A study was made of chronic osteomyelitis in 75 patients, 40 of whom were treated by saucerization followed by closed irrigation and suction (group 1), and 35 patients who also were treated by saucerization but, instead of closed irrigation and suction thereafter, the bone defect was filled with either autogenous bone or muscle implants or simply closed secondarily (group 2). A comparison of these two groups (years 1962 through 1966) and a group of 112 patients (years 1953 through 1961) who could have been treated with closed irrigation and suction indicates that the highest rate of success was observed in the 40 patients treated by closed irrigation and suction after saucerization.
Do animals bite more during a full moon? Retrospective observational analysis
Authors: C. Bhattacharjee, P. Bradley, M. Smith, A. J Scally, B. J Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To test the hypothesis that the incidence of animal bites increases at the time of a full moon.Retrospective observational analysis.Accident and emergency department at a general hospital in an English city.1621 consecutive patients, irrespective of age and sex.Number of patients who attended an accident and emergency department during 1997 to 1999 after being bitten by an animal. The number of bites in each day was compared with the lunar phase in each month.The incidence of animal bites rose significantly at the time of a full moon. With the period of the full moon as the reference period, the incidence rate ratio of the bites for all other periods of the lunar cycle was significantly lower (P <0.001).The full moon is associated with a significant increase in animal bites to humans.
Fibrinogen Levels and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: THOMAS E. WESSENDORF, ALFRED F. THILMANN, YOU-MING WANG, ANDREAS SCHREIBER, NIKOLAUS KONIETZKO, HELMUT TESCHLER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The plasma level of fibrinogen is felt to be an independent risk factor for vascular events. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high prevalence in patients with stroke and may also be an independent risk factor. The aim of our study was to determine the association between OSA and plasma levels of fibrinogen in patients with stroke. Polysomnography was performed during neurological rehabilitation in 113 patients (82 men, 31 women, age 58 +/- 11.1 yr, mean +/- SD) with ischemic stroke. OSA was absent (RDI < 5) in 44 patients, 42 had mild OSA (5 < or = RDI < 20), and 27 had moderate to severe OSA (RDI > or = 20). Parameters of OSA (respiratory disturbance index [RDI], oxygen indices) were correlated to plasma levels of fibrinogen, measured in the morning after admission to rehabilitation. Fibrinogen was positively correlated with RDI (r = 0.24, p = 0.007), duration of the longest apnea (r = 0.18, p = 0.049), and negatively correlated with several oxygen indices including average minimal oxygen saturation (r = -0.41, p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients were slightly higher when excluding patients with stroke of presumed cardiac origin. Multiple linear regression identified minimal mean oxygen saturation and sex as independent predictors of fibrinogen level. The correlation between severity of coexisting OSA and fibrinogen level in patients with stroke suggests a possible pathophysiological mechanism for an increased risk of stroke in patients with OSA.
A Tooth in the Appendix?
Authors: Alan F. White
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Joseph A. Guzzetta: The patient is a 26-year-old white man who was well until about one year prior to admission, when he experienced intermittent episodes of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The episodes were characterized by pain and tenderness on the right side of the lower abdomen, without nausea, vomiting, chills, or fever. The pain did not radiate. The medical history was noncontributory. His temperature was 99 F (37.2 C). There was no palpable adenopathy. Results of examination of the chest were normal. Examination of the abdomen revealed tenderness and a diffuse mass in the right lower quadrant, the boundaries of which were indistinct by palpation. Bowel sounds and results of rectal examination were normal. Results of laboratory studies were normal. Roentgenograms of the chest and abdomen were taken on admission. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Land, what is your opinion? Dr. Richard E.
Dysregulation of signal transduction pathways as a potential mechanism of nervous system alterations in HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice and humans with HIV-1 encephalitis.
Authors: T Wyss-Coray, E Masliah, S M Toggas, E M Rockenstein, M J Brooker, H S Lee, L Mucke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

HIV-1 associated central nervous system (CNS) disease involves neuronal damage and prominent reactive astrocytosis, the latter characterized by strong upregulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes. Similar alterations are found in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in the CNS. Because alterations of astrocyte functions could contribute to neuronal impairment, we compared brains of gp120 transgenic mice and gp120-transfected C6 astrocytoma cells with controls and found that gp120 induced a prominent elevation of steady state GFAP mRNA levels, primarily due to transcript stabilization. Increased levels of GFAP mRNA were also found in nontransfected C6 cells exposed to recombinant gp120. Exposure of C6 cells or primary mouse astrocytes to soluble gp120 led to activation of PKC as indicated by redistribution and increase in PKC immunoreactivity at the single cell level. gp120 effects were diminished by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) but not inhibitors of protein kinase A. PKC activity was upmodulated in gp120-transfected C6 cells and in the CNS of gp120 transgenic mice. Further, brain tissue from patients with HIV-1 encephalitis and from gp120 transgenic mice showed increased PKC immunoreactivity. Taken together, these results indicate that gp120-induced increases in PKC activity may contribute to the gliosis seen in gp120 transgenic mice as well as in HIV-1-infected humans and raise the question of whether dysregulation of signal transduction pathways represents a general mechanism of HIV-associated pathogenesis.
Tissue-print and print-phoresis as platform technologies for the molecular analysis of human surgical specimens: mapping tumor invasion of the prostate capsule
Authors: Sandra M Gaston, Marc A Soares, M Minhaj Siddiqui, Dang Vu, Jung M Lee, Dana L Goldner, Mark J Brice, Jennifer C Shih, Melissa P Upton, George Perides, Jovanna Baptista, Philip T Lavin, B Nicolas Bloch, Elizabeth M Genega, Mark A Rubin, Robert E Lenkinski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Histological, ultrastructural and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation studies in liver of rats chronically treated with oral valproic acid
Authors: M. Jimenez-Rodriguezvila, A. Caro-Patón, A. Dueñas-Laita, M. Conde, M.C. Coca, J.L. Martin-Lorente, A. Velasco, A. Marañon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1985)
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Joseph Jankovic, Mitchell F. Brin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

BOTULISM had been recognized by the 18th century, but the observation that a toxin produced by an anaerobic organism might be responsible for food poisoning was not made until 1897.1 Although seven immunologically distinct toxins have since been identified, only types A, B, and E have been linked to cases of botulism in humans.2 , 3 Botulinum toxin type A (hereafter referred to as botulinum toxin), one of the most lethal biologic toxins, has been found to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and ophthalmologic disorders.4 The Food and Drug Administration recently approved botulinum toxin (Oculinum) . . .