tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The precursor protein of non-Aβ component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid is a presynaptic protein of the central nervous system
Authors: Akihiko Iwai, Eliezer Masliah, Makoto Yoshimoto, Nianfeng Ge, Lisa Flanagan, H.A Rohan de Silva, Agnes Kittel, Tsunao Saitoh
Journal: Neuron (1995)
GLYCOGENOLYTIC ACTION OF INSULIN
Authors: ERNST F. MÜLLER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Since the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best, the problem of the mechanism of insulin action has played an important rôle in practice and research. If we knew how insulin acted when introduced into the mammalian body and what organs participated in the increased sugar metabolism, the knowledge would aid the physician to adapt insulin therapy to the individual diabetic patient and to determine insulin dosage in the particular stage of the disease. <h3>THE TWOFOLD ACTION OF INSULIN</h3> From work initiated by one of us in connection with others,<sup>1</sup>a twofold action of insulin has been developed when it was observed that a nerve action played a part in insulin effect. This work was based on studies of differences in insulin effect when different modes of administration were used in animals. On administering like dosages of insulin (0.5 unit per kilogram of body weight) subcutaneously, intravenously and intradermally,
The ticking box travesty
Authors: Neville Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I have organised the teaching of anaesthetics to groups of medical students for more than 20 years. Not much about this is anaesthetics: they need to practise cannulation, learn about the airway, understand perioperative fluid balance, and know how to prescribe analgesia. We are lucky in Bristol; students are with us for three weeks, which allows for six sessions each week, one-to-one practical teaching in theatre, and plenty of small group tutorials.

At one time, we had to grade each student on a scale of A-E for half a dozen criteria, including knowledge, practical skills, attendance, and so on. It was never easy because each student was taught by a number of different consultants during their attachment. I was much happier when the criteria and gradings were abandoned and the medical school simply wanted a brief statement that each student had completed their attachment satisfactorily.

> I refuse to destroy my or my students' probity by sending tripe to the medical school 

Such a sensible paper-free situation was unlikely to survive the …
Federal Funding for Biomedical Research
Authors: William H. Frist
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4147: Xanthohumol decreases Notch1 expression and cell growth in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines
Authors: Jessica Drenzek, Nicole Seiler, Stephen Rose
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies in the United States with the majority of cases detected with advanced disease. Therefore, it is critical that novel therapies be developed that can effectively treat ovarian cancer. Notch1 is a transmembrane receptor that upon activation is cleaved by gamma-secretase resulting in Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) translocation to the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with the transcription factor CBF-1 converting CBF-1 from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator via recruitment of coactivators. Deregulation of the Notch pathway has been observed in cancers such as T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, pancreatic, and breast. In addition, it has been shown that NICD is expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian tumors. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone derived from hops used in brewing beer, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer properties. Since xanthohumol has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and invasion, we hypothesized that the Notch1 signaling pathway is suppressed by xanthohumol leading to decreased cell growth. OVCAR3 and SKOV3 are human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines that express high levels of NICD. These cells were treated with increasing doses of xanthohumol, and cell growth was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. In addition, protein lysates were isolated on days 2 and 4 of treatment, detected by western blot using a NICD primary antibody, and protein expression was evaluated by densitometry. These treatments resulted in decreased cell growth when measured by MTT assay. In addition, when analyzed by western blot, there was a decrease in NICD protein expression. In conclusion, xanthohumol was a potent inhibitor of ovarian cancer cell growth, and our results suggest that xanthohumol is affecting the Notch pathway. Therefore, it is essential that further investigation into the role that xanthohumol has on the Notch pathway be pursued. These outcomes could prompt the use of xanthohumol as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in ovarian cancer patients who do not respond long term to standard chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4147.
Electrical Storm in Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Is Associated With Early Repolarization
Authors: Yoshifusa Aizawa, Masaomi Chinushi, Kanae Hasegawa, Nobu Naiki, Minoru Horie, Yoshiaki Kaneko, Masahiko Kurabayashi, Shogo Ito, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Yoshiyasu Aizawa, Seiji Takatsuki, Kunitake Joo, Masahito Sato, Katsuya Ebe, Yukio Hosaka, Michel Haissaguerre, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clinical and Prognostic Usefulness of Supine Bicycle Exercise Echocardiography in the Functional Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Armando Dagianti, Salvatore Rosanio, Maria Penco, Alessandra Dagianti, Susanna Sciomer, Monica Tocchi, Luciano Agati, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Supine bicycle exercise echocardiography (SBEE) has never been used before and early after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for assessing the functional outcome of the procedure and predicting late restenosis.We selected 76 subjects with stable angina, normal wall motion at rest, and exercise-induced wall-motion abnormalities before PTCA. SBEE with peak exercise imaging and the use of a 16-segment, four-grade score model was performed 54 +/- 15 hours after PTCA. No exercise-related adverse events occurred. Patients were grouped according to SBEE results: group 1 (n = 35, 46%) with negative exercise ECG and echo; group 2 (n = 19, 25%) with a positive exercise ECG but normal echo; and group 3 (n = 22, 29%) with a positive exercise echo with either a positive (n = 7, 32%) or negative (n = 15, 68%) ECG. Exercise performance significantly improved in all groups. In group 3, peak wall-motion score index decreased from 1.27 +/- 0.11 before to 1.15 +/- 0.06 after PTCA (P < .05), and duration of wall-motion abnormalities went from 81 +/- 24 to 47 +/- 19 seconds (P < .05). The rate of clinical restenosis (ie, angina recurrence or positive 6-month SBEE in asymptomatic patients, both associated with angiographic restenosis > 50%) was 37%. By multiple logistic regression analysis, clinical restenosis was associated with a positive post-PTCA exercise echo (odds ratio [OR] 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66 to 5.72; P = .0004) and with increasing values of pre-PTCA wall-motion score index (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.27; P = .005) and duration of wall-motion abnormalities (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.20; P = .04).SBEE is a safe and reliable tool to demonstrate changes in exercise-induced wall-motion abnormalities after PTCA and provides prognostic information in the risk assessment of clinical restenosis.
A glimpse at tumor genome evolution
Authors: Elaine R Mardis
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
Assessment of Claims of Improved Prediction Beyond the Framingham Risk Score
Authors: Ioanna Tzoulaki, George Liberopoulos, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>With heightened interest in predictive medicine, many studies try to document information that can improve prediction of major clinical outcomes.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate the reported design and analysis of studies that examined whether additional predictors improve predictive performance when added to the Framingham risk score (FRS), one of the most widely validated and cited clinical prediction scores.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Two independent investigators searched 1908 articles citing the article that described the FRS in 1998 until September 2009 through the ISI Web of Knowledge database. Articles were eligible if they included any analyses comparing the predictive performance of the FRS vs the FRS plus some additional predictor for a prospectively assessed outcome.<h3>Data Analyses</h3>We recorded information on FRS calculation, modeling of additional predictors, outcomes assessed, population evaluated, subgroup analysis documentation, and flaws in the methods that may have affected the reported improvements in predictive ability. We also evaluated the correlation of reported design and analysis features with the predictive model discrimination and improvements with the additional predictors.<h3>Results</h3>We evaluated 79 eligible articles. Forty-nine studies (62%) did not calculate the FRS as it has been proposed, 15 (19%) modeled the additional predictor in more than 1 way and presented only the best-fit or area-under-the-curve (AUC) results for only 1 model, 41 (52%) did not examine the original outcome that the FRS was developed for, 33 (42%) studied a population different from what the FRS was intended for, and 25 (32%) claimed improved prediction in 1 subgroup but only 7 (9%) formally tested subgroup differences. Evaluation of independence in multivariable regressions, discrimination in AUC, calibration, and reclassification were reported in 77, 36, 7, and 7 studies, respectively, but these methods were adequately documented in only 60, 13, 4, and 2 studies, respectively. Overall, 63 studies (80%) claimed some improved prediction. Increase in AUC was larger when the predictive performance of the FRS was lower (ρ = −0.57, P &lt; .001). Increase in AUC was significantly larger when evaluation of independence in multivariable regression or discrimination in AUC analysis was not adequately documented and when the additional predictor had been modeled in more than 1 way and only 1 model was reported for AUC.<h3>Conclusion</h3>The majority of examined studies claimed that they found factors that could offer additional predictive value beyond what the FRS could achieve; however, most had flaws in their design, analyses, and reporting that cast some doubt on the reliability of the claims for improved prediction.
Symposium on Basic Science in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<i>Basic Science in Plastic Surgery</i>is the 15th in a series of symposia sponsored and published by the Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. The presentations are serious and thoughtprovoking and difficult to summarize in a brief review, but the book can serve as a ready reference source for those interested in the important relationship of the basic sciences to clinical plastic surgery. The editors describe plastic surgery as a "complex blend of art and science" and conceive the symposium as an effort to "bridge the science and the art." The participants are young, thoughtful, enthusiastic, and active in their respective departments of surgery. The report comprises six sections with several subchapters in each. In the first section, on basic principles, the authors scrutinize the methods of scientific experimentation, the selection of the appropriate subject, whether it be human or a lower animal, the uncertain value
Locked Dislocation of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Index Finger
Authors: Paul R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger may lock in the displaced position. Eleven locked dislocations were reduced by open surgery. In all 11 cases, a portion of the torn volar plate blocked closed reduction. A good end result followed recognition of the locked dislocation and early open surgery.
Renal Complications of Lymphoma
Authors: JOSEPH M. KIELY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In patients with lymphoma, impairment of renal function may occur as a direct consequence of the tumor either in the form of neoplastic infiltration of the kidney or as bilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to retroperitoneal nodal enlargement. In addition, renal problems may arise from biochemical or immunologic disturbances accompanying the tumor or as a consequence of oncolytic therapy. An understanding of the pathogenesis of these changes in kidney structure and function will aid the clinician to establish the diagnosis of lymphoma earlier in some patients and to offer more effective and often lifesaving management in others.
Bilateral Symmetrical Adrenal Hypermetabolism on FDG PET in Paraneoplastic Cushing Syndrome in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Ankur Pruthi, Sandip Basu, Subhash K. Ramani, Supreeta Arya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome can be rarely a feature of breast carcinoma, with only 4 cases in the literature reported till date. We herein present a patient who underwent surgery for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was referred for FDG PET for disease evaluation. FDG PET study demonstrated significant bilateral symmetrical adrenal FDG uptake and multiple foci of uptake in the left cervical region and mediastinal nodes. Her serum adreno-corticotrophic hormone (ACTH) level was raised by 2 to 3 folds of the normal level (100 pg/mL). The uptake in the adrenal glands was inferred to be due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia secondary to paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome that was substantiated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and confirmatory biochemical examinations. The case is presented to stress upon the fact that “bilaterally symmetrical adrenal uptake” on FDG PET study in oncological setting should raise the suspicion of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and should not be mistaken for adrenal metastasis.
Characteristics of anaphylaxis-inducing IgG immune complexes triggering murine passive systemic anaphylaxis
Authors: D. Jiao, Y. Liu, X. Lu, Q. Pan, J. Zheng, B. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, N. Fu
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background With the broad and increasing application of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies ( mA bs) in clinical settings, I g G ‐induced allergic reactions, including passive systemic anaphylaxis ( PSA ), have attracted significant attention. However, it is not clear which types of I g G mA b–antigen complexes or I g G aggregates formed by antigen binding can trigger PSA , as not all immune complexes ( IC s) are capable of triggering PSA . Here, we characterise mA b–antigen complexes capable of inducing murine PSA to evaluate and predict which IC s are able to induce PSA . Methods Thirty‐six combinatory reactions with eight antigens and 27 corresponding mA bs were used to trigger PSA , which was defined by rectal temperature. Sandwich ELISA , passive cutaneous anaphylaxis ( PCA ) induction and flow cytometry analysis of CD 16/32 ( F cγ RIII / II ) expression were used to characterise the IC s. The dynamic concentrations of antigen in the peripheral blood were measured by ELISA . Results Only 14 of the 36 IC s could trigger PSA and thus be termed anaphylaxis‐inducing immune complexes ( A i‐ IC s). The A i‐ IC s could be characterised by constructing sandwich ELISA , inducing PCA and down‐regulating CD 16/32 ( F cγ RIII / II ) expression on blood neutrophils in vitro and in vivo . Additionally, the occurrence and severity of PSA was found to be associated with the instantaneous concentration of antigen in the peripheral blood in the presence of antibody. Conclusions Only Ai‐ IC s, not all IC s, could trigger I g G ‐mediated PSA , which could be characterised by the above simple methods. The occurrence and severity of PSA was associated with the instantaneous concentration of antigen in the peripheral blood in the presence of antibody.
Abstract 3728: Night work and breast cancer risk: CECILE study
Authors: Florence Menegaux, Thérèse Truong, Antoinette Anger, Pierre Kerbrat, Patrick Arveux, Farida Lamkarkarch, Pascal Guénel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested that night shift work increases the risk for breast cancer. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythm may explain this association. We investigated the role of night work in the occurrence of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study in France. Methods: The CECILE study was conducted in two French départements (Côte d'Or, Ille-et-Vilaine) between 2005 and 2008. All female residents in these areas aged 25-75 years who were diagnosed with a breast cancer were eligible to the study. Population controls were frequency-matched by 5-year age group to the cases. A total of 1232 incident breast cancer cases and 1317 controls were included. An in-person interview was conducted using a standardized questionnaire to obtain information on recognized or suspected risk factors for breast cancer, as well as on lifetime occupational history. For each job held for more than 6 months, information on night shift work was elicited. Any work shift where the woman had to work for at least one hour between 11 pm and 5 am was defined as night work. Duration (in years) and frequency (times per week) of night shifts were also obtained. Analyses were conducted using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and recognized risk factors for breast cancer. Results: Thirteen percent of the cases and eleven percent of the controls had ever worked at night (OR=1.29 [1.00-1.64]). The association was more pronounced for women who had overnight shifts (full-time shift work between 11 pm and 5 am: OR=1.37 [1.03-1.83]) than for women who had late evening shifts (ending after 11 pm: OR=1.29 [0.78-2.15]) or early morning shifts (starting before 5 am: OR=1.19 [0.43-3.31]). Women who worked in overnight shifts for 3 or more years had an OR of 1.49 [1.05-1.89], but no further increase of the OR was observed for longer durations. Overnight shift work of 3 nights or less per week during overnight periods, implying frequent changes between night and day schedules, was associated with an OR of 1.59 [1.08-2.33]). Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis of a role of overnight work in the occurrence of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3728. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3728
Now or Never
Authors: C. S. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Deciding how to generate reliable, lifetime retirement income is a critical retirement planning task. Retirees and their advisors can make the best decisions by informing themselves as to the merits of annuities compared with other methods of generating retirement income. An important part of this analysis is comparing the amounts of retirement income generated by the various approaches. The various approaches generate significantly different amounts of income throughout retirement, and they react differently to unfavorable and favorable economic scenarios. This article provides the reader with methods to make these comparisons, and attempts to dispel some of the misinformation and misperceptions surrounding annuities. It also explains that annuities can be used strategically as an important part of an individual’s retirement income portfolio. <b>TOPICS:</b>Retirement, fixed income and structured finance, wealth management
Gastrointestinal Bleeding: From Overt to Obscure
Authors: D. K. Bhasin, S. S. Rana
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Despite advancements in endoscopic, radiographic, surgical, and pharmacological technology, the clinical spectrum of gastrointestinal bleeding is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Endoscopic methods of hemostasis and aggressive antisecretory therapy have reduced the need for emergency surgery in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. The mortality rates from variceal bleeding remain high despite aggressive management, and many studies have therefore been conducted to assess the best therapeutic option for primary and secondary prophylaxis. While colonoscopy and angiography have led to improved management of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, the role of endoscopic hemostatic methods is still being explored. Recent endoscopic advances such as double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy have improved the diagnostic yield in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Four topics reflecting the state of the art in the field of gastrointestinal bleeding that have been published during the past year are reviewed here.