tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CYSTATIN C IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK PREDICTOR FOR DEATH OR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) AS WELL AS IN NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (NSTE-ACS)
Authors: Axel Åkerblom, Lars Wallentin, Agneta Siegbahn, Richard C. Becker, Andrzej Budaj, Kristen Buck, Jay Horrow, Steen Husted, Hugo Katus, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Robert F. Storey, Nils Åsenblad, Stefan K. James
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
DOES ROENTGEN RAY MODIFY THE COURSE OF WHOOPING COUGH?
Authors: HAROLD K. FABER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In a previous communication, one of us<sup>1</sup>expressed the opinion, based on a small series of cases, that the roentgen-ray treatment of whooping cough, as advocated by Bowditch and Leonard,<sup>2</sup>held promise of value. Subsequent reports by these investigators<sup>3</sup>and by others have appeared, extolling the method. Since the results, while distinctly promising, have not appeared conclusive, it seemed desirable to us to attempt a study that would permit more definite judgment. The difficulty of justly appraising the value of whooping cough therapy is apparent when one reviews the almost uniformly "good results" that have been reported from an amazing number of highly diverse drugs and procedures. During the last five years alone, reports have been published of successful treatment with hemotherapy, pertussis vaccine, pertussis serum, serobacterin, smallpox vaccine, protein, lactic acid bacilli, ether, quinin, alum, silver nitrate, magnesium sulphate, benzyl benzoate, phenobarbital (luminal) and various other
VARIATION IN THE HOSPITAL-LEVEL USE OF A MEDICAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ACROSS U.S. HOSPITALS FOR PATIENTS WITH NSTEMI AND MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DETECTED DURING INHOSPITAL ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ralf E. Harskamp, Tracy Wang, Deepak Bhatt, Stephen Wiviott, Ezra Amsterdam, Shuang Li, Laine Thomas, Robbert de Winter, Matthew Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Eicosapentaenoic Acid As a Targeted Therapy for Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Cristobal Belda-Iniesta, Javier de Castro Carpeno, Juan Angel Fresno Vara, Paloma Cejas Guerrero, Enrique Casado Saenz, Enrique Espinosa Arranz, Andres Redondo Sanchez, Jaime Feliu Battle, Manuel Gonzalez Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)
Optimal Immunity to HIV — Natural Infection, Vaccination, or Both?
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

One of the many mysteries about infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is why, in the face of an adequate stimulus (the virus itself) and a competent immune system (the status of most people upon initial infection), the infected person seems unable to mount an immune response capable in the long term of adequately controlling viral replication and ultimately disease progression.1 One obvious potential explanation is the extraordinary ability of HIV to mutate and thus present an elusive moving target to the immune system. Yet the immune system has an enormous capacity to recognize and respond to an almost . . .
An Analysis of Outcomes of Reconstruction or Amputation after Leg-Threatening Injuries
Authors: Michael J. Bosse, Ellen J. MacKenzie, James F. Kellam, Andrew R. Burgess, Lawrence X. Webb, Marc F. Swiontkowski, Roy W. Sanders, Alan L. Jones, Mark P. McAndrew, Brendan M. Patterson, Melissa L. McCarthy, Thomas G. Travison, Renan C. Castillo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Limb salvage for severe trauma has replaced amputation as the primary treatment in many trauma centers. However, long-term outcomes after limb reconstruction or amputation have not been fully evaluated.We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational study to determine the functional outcomes of 569 patients with severe leg injuries resulting in reconstruction or amputation. The principal outcome measure was the Sickness Impact Profile, a multidimensional measure of self-reported health status (scores range from 0 to 100; scores for the general population average 2 to 3, and scores greater than 10 represent severe disability). Secondary outcomes included limb status and the presence or absence of major complications resulting in rehospitalization.At two years, there was no significant difference in scores for the Sickness Impact Profile between the amputation and reconstruction groups (12.6 vs. 11.8, P=0.53). After adjustment for the characteristics of the patients and their injuries, patients who underwent amputation had functional outcomes that were similar to those of patients who underwent reconstruction. Predictors of a poorer score for the Sickness Impact Profile included rehospitalization for a major complication, a low educational level, nonwhite race, poverty, lack of private health insurance, poor social-support network, low self-efficacy (the patient's confidence in being able to resume life activities), smoking, and involvement in disability-compensation litigation. Patients who underwent reconstruction were more likely to be rehospitalized than those who underwent amputation (47.6 percent vs. 33.9 percent, P=0.002). Similar proportions of patients who underwent amputation and patients who underwent reconstruction had returned to work by two years (53.0 percent and 49.4 percent, respectively).Patients with limbs at high risk for amputation can be advised that reconstruction typically results in two-year outcomes equivalent to those of amputation.
Computer-aided classification of colorectal polyps based on vascular patterns: a pilot study
Authors: J. Tischendorf, S. Gross, R. Winograd, H. Hecker, R. Auer, A. Behrens, C. Trautwein, T. Aach, T. Stehle
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de J. J. W. Tischendorf et al., pp. 203Endoscopy 2010; 42(03): 241-242DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291841
Cognitive function and assessment of lung function in the elderly.
Authors: N Carvalhaes-Neto, H Lorino, C Gallinari, S Escolano, A Mallet, F Zerah, A Harf, I Macquin-Mavier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The feasibility of spirometry or respiratory impedance measurements for assessing lung function in the elderly was compared in 208 institutionalized patients with various degrees of cognitive function impairment. Respiratory impedance was determined by the forced oscillation technique. Cognitive function was assessed by the score for the mini-mental state (MMS) examination. Of the 208 patients, 126 had severe cognitive impairment (MMS < or = 17), 36 had mild impairment (18 < or = MMS < or = 23), and 46 had no impairment (MMS > or = 24). Of the 208 patients, respiratory impedance measurements were possible in 159, whereas in only 85 was spirometry possible. The overall difference between the feasibility rates for the spirometric and respiratory impedance measurements was highly significant (chi 2 = 71.4; p < 10(-6)). The difference between the feasibility rates for the two techniques was higher in the group of subjects with severe cognitive impairment than in the groups with mild impairment and no impairment, respectively. Among the 84 patients able to complete both tests, significant correlations were found between the spirometric and respiratory impedance measurements. These results indicate that respiratory impedance measurement seems a more useful tool than spirometry for assessing lung function in elderly patients whenever cognitive function is impaired.
Determinants of Tumor Response and Survival With Erlotinib in Patients With Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Román Pérez-Soler, Abraham Chachoua, Lisa A. Hammond, Eric K. Rowinsky, Mark Huberman, Daniel Karp, James Rigas, Gary M. Clark, Pedro Santabárbara, Philip Bonomi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Erlotinib is a highly specific epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This phase II study of erlotinib in patients with HER1/EGFR-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy evaluated tumor response, survival, and symptom improvement.Fifty-seven patients received an oral, continuous daily dose of 150 mg of erlotinib. Assessments of objective response used WHO and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, supplemented with a lung cancer module, Quality of Life Questionnaire LC13, was used to measure health-related quality of life. Additional analyses were performed to identify predictors of response and survival.The objective response rate was 12.3% (95% CI, 5.1% to 23.7%). Responses were observed regardless of type or number of prior chemotherapy regimens. Median survival time was 8.4 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 13.9 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 40% (95% CI, 28% to 54%). Erlotinib therapy was associated with tumor-related symptom improvement. The drug was well tolerated; drug-related cutaneous rash and diarrhea were observed in 75% and 56% of patients, respectively. One patient experienced toxicity consisting of severe grade 3 rash and diarrhea. Time since diagnosis and good performance status were significant predictors of survival in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, whereas HER1/EGFR staining intensity was not. Additionally, survival correlated with the occurrence and severity of rash.Erlotinib was active and well tolerated in this patient population, and further clinical development is clearly warranted. Cutaneous rash seems to be a surrogate marker of clinical benefit, but this finding should be confirmed in ongoing and future studies.
Chemicals associated with site-specific neoplasia in 1394 long-term carcinogenesis experiments in laboratory rodents.
Authors: J Huff, J Cirvello, J Haseman, J Bucher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The carcinogenicity data base used for this paper originated in the late 1960s by the National Cancer Institute and since 1978 has been continued and made more comprehensive by the National Toxicology Program. The extensive files contain among other sets of information detailed pathology data on more than 400 long-term (most often 24 month) chemical carcinogenesis studies, comprised of nearly 1600 individual experiments having at least 10 million tissue sections that have been evaluated for toxicity and carcinogenicity. Using the current data set of 379 studies made up of 1394 experiments, we have compiled listings of chemicals having like carcinogenic target sites for each of the 34 organs or systems for which histopathology diagnoses have been recorded routinely. The most common tumor site is the liver (15% of all experiments), followed in rank order by: lung, hematopoietic system and kidneys, mammary glands, forestomach, thyroid glands, Zymbal glands, urinary bladder, skin and uterus/cervix, and circulatory system and adrenal glands. These compilations are most useful for maintaining a historic perspective when evaluating the carcinogenicity of contemporary experiments. Equally important, the chemical-tumor-organ connection permits an evaluation of how well chemically induced cancers in a particular organ in one sex or species will predict or correlate with the other sex or species. Using liver cancers as an example, the overall interspecies concordance is 80%. Likewise target site predictions can be made for chemicals selected for study that may be similar to those already evaluated; thereby experimental protocols could be adjusted to allow, for example, more extensive pathology on preselected target organs (i.e., serial sections of the kidney). Further from these observations, one could decide to use two strains of mice to evaluate a short-chain chlorinated aliphatic compound or to study a human carcinogen in a sex-species known to develop chemically induced tumors in the same site observed in humans. Structural classes of chemicals having a propensity for certain organs can be easily identified from these data. Sex-species responders to particular induced cancers become clearly evident, such as in the ovary of female mice or in the kidney of male rats.
Tests for carcinoembryonic antigen. Role in diagnosis and management of cancer
Authors: P. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen (CEA) of the human digestive system was first described in 1965 after a series of experiments involving the immunization of heterologous animals with human-colon cancer-tissue extracts and the preparation of antitumor antisera under well-defined conditions. The CEA has been purified, identified as a fairly large glycoprotein, and partly characterized with regard to its protein and carbohydrate constituents. Several review articles<sup>1-4</sup>detail these developments. At least a portion of the CEA of colon cancer cells has been localized, by immunoelectron microscopy, to the cellular glycocalyx.<sup>1</sup>From this position, where it may represent a structural constituent of the glycocalyx or material in transit from the cytoplasm across the cell membrane, the CEA is apparently quite easily released into the surrounding body fluids. <h3>Radioimmunoassay Techniques</h3> Since 1969, a number of sensitive and reproducible radioimmunoassays for CEA have been developed that are capable of detecting nanogram quantities of this
The Chemical Neuroanatomy of Sympathetic Ganglia
Authors: Lars-Gösta Elfvin, Björn Lindh, Tomas Hökfelt
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The study of sympathetic ganglia has become increasingly important in the understanding of peripheral vegetative reflex patterns and their devel­ opment and plasticity. Structural, histochemical, physiological, phar­ macological, and biophysical studies have all contributed to a change in the classical concept that the ganglia are basically simple relay stations. The ganglia, which can deliver excitation and inhibition to and within the viscera and control the secretory and vascular systems, clearly possess a considerable degree of integrative activity. And, in many regions, they can function quite independently from central control. Recent work with immunohistochemistry has addressed the cellular localization of various neuropeptides, in addition to the classical transmitters noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh), and the results have been remarkably elucidative. New information is constantly being procured with respect to the synthesis, storage, and release of neuroactive substances in the ganglia and in their afferent and efferent processes. Axonal tracing techniques have been exten­ sively used, either alone or in combination with immunohistochemistry, to clarify the origin and projections of transmitter-identified neurons related to the ganglia. Furthermore, studies of ganglionic transmission that have used patch clamp techniques and pharmacological methods, for example, have contributed to an increased knowledge of receptors, ionic
Dopamine Agonists and Pituitary Tumor Shrinkage
Authors: JOHN S. BEVAN, JONATHAN WEBSTER, Christopher W. Burke, Maurice F. Scanlon
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

PATIENTS with large pituitary tumors may present with a variety of problems related to space occupation or endocrine dysfunction. The most frequent complication is upward extension with compression of the visual pathways, classically producing a bitemporal field loss, although visual loss may be markedly asymmetrical in up to one third of patients (1). There is frequently a delay of many months before the cause of the visual failure is diagnosed (2). A variety of other tumor mass effects may occur: extreme suprasellar extension may block the foramen of Monro and result in hydrocephalus, lateral extension into the temporal lobe may cause fits, and anterior extension into the frontal lobes may produce personality change (3). Local invasion or compression of cavernous sinuses may lead to cranial nerve palsies, particularly of the third and sixth nerves, although this occurs mainly in the context of pituitary apoplexy (4). Rarely, macroadenomas metastasize within the central nervous system (5) or extend outside the skull (6, 7). The tumor types that produce these clinical syndromes most commonly are macroprolactinomas and the so-called nonfunctioning tumors (3). GH-secreting tumors grow to large size less frequently and ACTH-secreting adenomas are usually confined to the sella. TSH-secreting adenomas are often large at the time of presentation but are uncommon tumors (8).
"Polymyalgia arteritica". Further clinical and histopathological studies with a report of six autopsy cases.
Authors: B Hamrin, N Jonsson, S Hellsten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

During thelast fewyearsanincreasing amountof evidence hasaccumulated, indicating thatthewelldefined clinical syndrome ofpolymyalgia rheumatica orpolymyalgia arteritica isa manifestationofa generalized giant cell arteritis (Kogstad, 1965; Dixon, Beardwell, Kay,Wanka,andWong, 1966;Bruk,1967;Wilskeand Healey, 1967), although criticism ofthis concept hasalsoappeared (Gordon, Rennie, andBranwood, 1964; Andrews, 1965). Inprevious reports we presented series of clinical casesofthissyndrome, inwhicharterial biopsies gavefurther support tothis view(Hamrin, Jonsson, andLandberg, 1964, 1965). Angiographic andauscultatory studies suggested an involvement ofthelarge arteries, andinone caseautopsy confirmed theexistence ofgiant cell arteritis inthe aortaandright subclavian artery. A clinical follow-up anda further study on the occurrenceanddistribution ofarteritis inconnexion withthissyndrome, withspecial reference tothe larger vessels, seemeddesirable. Inthis paperwe present theclinical andhistopathological findings insixofour previously reported casesofpolymyalgia arteritica inwhichautopsies were performed.
Reducing Dietary Intake of Fat and Cholesterol in Children
Authors: Robert E. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The report of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) 1 is an unimpressive account of the hypocholesterolemic effects of low-fat feeding to hypercholesterolemic children 8 to 10 years of age. Rather, it constitutes better support for the proposition that prepubertal boys and girls aged 8 to 10 years with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at or above the 80th percentile should be permitted to continue their ad libitum diets containing 34% of energy from fat, since after 3 years, the difference in plasma lipoproteins between the two groups was minuscule.  The change in total cholesterol levels in the DISC special intervention group after 3 years was -0.43 mmol/L (-16.7 mg/dL) vs -0.35 mmol/L (-13.6 mg/dL) in the usual care group, a difference of 0.08 mmol/L (3.23 mg/dL). The changes in LDL-C were -0.40 mmol/L (-15.3 mg/dL) vs -0.31 mmol/L (-11.9 mg/dL), a difference of 0.09 mmol/L
Prognostic Implications of Creatine Kinase Elevation After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Amir Halkin, Gregg W. Stone, Cindy L. Grines, David A. Cox, Barry D. Rutherford, Paolo Esente, Carol M. Meils, Per Albertsson, Anthony Farah, James E. Tcheng, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Coping with the Approaching Doctor Glut
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Although increasing evidence suggests that there will be a surfeit of physicians in this country within the next three decades, many doctors deny the possibility. Many others believe that new restrictions on the entry of physicians trained abroad — as a result of the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976 (PL 94–484) — will obviate a doctor glut.In 1950, the number of people per active physician in the United States was approximately 735. In 1980, there will be one active physician (M.D. or D.O.) per 500 persons; at the projected rate of increase in physician supply, that ratio . . .
Visualizing the pressure and time burden of intracranial hypertension in adult and paediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Fabian Güiza, Bart Depreitere, Ian Piper, Giuseppe Citerio, Iain Chambers, Patricia A. Jones, Tsz-Yan Milly Lo, Per Enblad, Pelle Nillson, Bart Feyen, Philippe Jorens, Andrew Maas, Martin U. Schuhmann, Rob Donald, Laura Moss, Greet Van den Berghe, Geert Meyfroidt
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Shared Decision Making — The Pinnacle of Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Michael J. Barry, Susan Edgman-Levitan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Michael Barry on patient-centered care and shared decision making. (22:22)Download The most important attribute of patient-centered care is the active engagement of patients when fateful health care decisions must be made — when they arrive at a crossroads of medical options, where diverging paths have different and important consequences.
Complications of Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Robert C. Rainie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

During the past decade there have been many studies on thromboembolic disease. Most authors agree that anticoagulant drugs are an important addition to the armamentarium. It is unfortunate that with the use of most new drugs, undesirable features appear that cannot be overlooked. The anticoagulants are no exception. The only known complication is hemorrhage, but there are numerous contraindications: blood dyscrasias manifesting hemorrhagic tendencies; large open surfaces with poorly controlled hemostasis after operation (especially liver and prostatic surgery); brain and spinal-cord surgery; active or imminent gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding; malignant hypertension,1 particularly when there has been a previous cerebral hemorrhage; . . .
Glaucoma Progression Analysis Software Compared with Expert Consensus Opinion in the Detection of Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma
Authors: Angelo P. Tanna, Donald L. Budenz, Jagadeesh Bandi, William J. Feuer, Robert M. Feldman, Leon W. Herndon, Douglas J. Rhee, Julia Whiteside-de Vos, Joyce Huang, Douglas R. Anderson
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Primary bone tumours of the thoracic skeleton: an audit of the Leeds regional bone tumour registry.
Authors: D A Waller, R J Newman
Journal: Thorax (1990)

An audit of the Leeds regional bone tumour registry found that primary bone tumours of the thoracic skeleton constituted 90 of the 2004 cases (4.5%). Thirty seven per cent occurred in the ribs, 32% in the scapulae, 11% in the thoracic vertebrae, 11% in the sternum, and 9% in the clavicles. Malignant tumours were more common than benign (54 v 36) and occurred in an older population (mean ages 47 and 31 years). The scapula was the most common site for malignant lesions and the ribs the most common site for benign tumours. Chondrosarcoma was the commonest tumour in older patients, fibrous dysplasia and plasmacytoma in the middle age group, and eosinophilic granuloma in children. Presenting symptoms were a poor guide to whether the lesion was malignant or not. This and the small proportion of correct preoperative diagnoses indicate the need for early biopsy. Bone tumour registries provide a valuable source of cumulative information about uncommon tumours and facilitate accurate diagnosis, teaching, and research.
Comparison of Carotid Artery Stenting and Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Hakan Muhammed Taş, Ziya Simsek, Abdurrahim Colak, Pınar Demir, Recep Demir, Yavuzer Koza, Ibrahim Halil Tanboga, Fuat Gundogdu, Serdar Sevimli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reduced activation of protein kinase B, Rac, and F-actin polymerization contributes to an impairment of stromal cell–derived factor-1–induced migration of CD34+ cells from patients with myelodysplasia
Authors: Gwenny M. Fuhler, A. Lyndsay Drayer, Sandra G. M. Olthof, Jan Jacob Schuringa, Paul J. Coffer, Edo Vellenga
Journal: Blood (2007)