tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Announcing Increased Word Limits and Two New Additions to Our Article Portfolio, Perspectives and Translational Success Stories
Authors: Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

have been successfully implemented.Nevertheless, we are continuing to work to further improve both the format and the content of the journal.Simply put, we want Circulation Research to be the best possible forum for scientific information and discussion for readers and authors alike.To this end, we are introducing several new features.A new word limit for Original Contributions.Circulation Research is pleased to announce that the word limit for regular Original Contributions has been increased from 6,000 to 7,000 words.The rationale for allowing more space is that many articles, particularly comprehensive studies that often have a major impact on the field, simply cannot be compressed into 6,000 words; as a result, authors have had to choose among one of four options (some of which may not be particularly palatable): i) "split" the paper in two parts, one published in the man text and one published as an online supplement, ii) publish online only, iii) pay for extra pages, or iv) skip the Methods section entirely and publish it only as an online supplement.The latter option is contrary
Azithromycin versus Penicillin G Benzathine for Early Syphilis
Authors: King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The demonstration in Tanzania of equivalent efficacy of azithromycin and penicillin G benzathine for treating early syphilis and presumed early latent syphilis (rapid plasma reagin titer, ≥1:8) represents a potentially useful advance in syphilis control. In a randomized trial reported in this issue of the Journal, Riedner et al.1 achieved cure rates of 97.7 percent with 2 g of azithromycin given orally and 95.0 percent with 2.4 MU of penicillin G benzathine given intramuscularly. Positive or negative status with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection did not influence the results of treatment. Titers on rapid plasma reagin tests fell . . .
Right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in normal subjects and in coronary artery disease patients: assessment by multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphy.
Authors: J Maddahi, D S Berman, D T Matsuoka, A D Waxman, J S Forrester, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The response of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) during exercise and its relationship to the location and extent of coronary artery disease are not fully understood.We have recently developed and validated a new method for scintigraphic evaluation of RVEF using rapid multiple-gated equilibrium scin- tigraphy and multiple right ventricular regions of interest.The technique has been applied during upright bicy- cle exercise in 10 normal subjects and 20 patients with coronary artery disease.Resting RVEF was not significantly different between the groups (0.49 ± 0.04 vs 0.47 ± 0.09, respectively, mean ± SD).In all 10 nor- mal subjects RVEF rose (0.49 ± 0.04 to 0.66 ± 0.08, p < 0.01) at peak exercise.At peak exercise in cor- onary artery disease patients, the group RVEF remained unchanged (0.47 ± 0.09 to 0.50 + 0.11, p = NS), but the individual responses varied.In the coronary artery disease patients, the relationship between RVEF response to exercise and exercise left ventricular function, septal motion and right coronary artery stenosis were studied.Significant statistical association was found only between exercise RVEF and right coronary artery stenosis.RVEF rose during exercise in seven of seven patients without right coronary artery stenosis (0.42 ± 0.06 to 0.58 ± 0.08, p = 0.001) and was unchanged or fell in 12 of 13 patients with right coronary artery stenosis (0.50 + 0.09 to 0.45 i 0.10, p = NS).We conclude that (1) in normal subjects RVEF in- creases during upright exercise and (2) although RVEF at rest is not necessarily affected by coronary artery disease, failure of RVEF to increase during exercise, in the absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or valvular heart disease, may be related to the presence of significant right coronary artery stenosis.The possibility that severe left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of proximal right coronary artery obstruction may cause abnormal RVEF response to stress requires further evaluation in a larger, more varied patient pop- ulation.THE MEASUREMENT of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by equilibrium scintigraphy was recently validated'-3 and applied to the evaluation of left ventricular function during stress.46However, only preliminary reports have been made of right ven- tricular ejection fraction (RVEF) during exercise and its relationship to coronary anatomy.79We recently developed a new method of analysis using multiple-gated equilibrium cardiac blood pool scintigraphy to measure RVEF, using the same scin- tigrams that are routinely obtained for assessment of left ventricular function.10This multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphic technique for determination of RVEF demonstrated a high correlation with es- timates of RVEF made by first-pass scintigraphy and was associated with minimal inter-and intraobserver variations.10These findings, therefore, defined a new,
Skeletal muscle morphology and exercise response in congenital generalized lipodystrophy.
Authors: A Garg, J Stray-Gundersen, D Parsons, L A Bertocci
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by almost complete absence of adipose tissue, muscular appearance, and severe insulin resistance since birth. We investigated whether insulin resistance in CGL patients is associated with abnormal muscle morphology and whether increased muscularity imparts increased muscle strength and exercise capacity RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We obtained quadriceps muscle biopsies to study muscle fiber types and capillary density in three African-American women (aged 17-20 years) with CGL. We also assessed quadriceps muscle strength, muscle metabolism, and maximal O2 consumption in the patients. RESULTS: Quadriceps muscle biopsies revealed a markedly higher percentage of type II (fast-twitch glycolytic) muscle fibers in patients with CGL versus sedentary young women (75-78 vs. 47-57%, respectively). The capillary-to-fiber ratio (2.7-3.0), however, was normal. Cross-sectional areas of type I (slow-twitch oxidative) (1,262-2,685 microm2) and type II (2,304-3,594 microm2) fibers were far below the normal values (3,811-4,310 and 3,115-4,193 microm2, respectively), suggesting muscle hyperplasia but not hypertrophy The quadriceps muscle strength, as measured by Cybex, was below average; the maximal O2 consumption (23-32 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was also below average. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the forearm muscles revealed normal pH and metabolic responses to static and dynamic exercises. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that insulin resistance in patients with CGL is associated with an increased proportion of type II muscle fibers but not reduced capillary density. Increased muscularity in CGL is due to muscle hyperplasia and is not associated with increased muscle strength.
THE ROLE OF INTERFERON IN VACCINIA VIRUS INFECTION OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Lowell A. Glasgow, Karl Habel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The production of an interferon-like substance by vaccinia virus is described. The physical properties of vaccinia interferon are shown to be similar to those of previously reported interferons. Data defining the role of vaccinia interferon in cell resistance and in establishment and maintenance of a carrier culture are presented. Elimination of virus from an infected culture is demonstrated and the role of interferon in the recovery process is considered.
What happens to defaulters from a diabetic clinic?
Authors: M S Hammersley, M R Holland, S Walford, P A Thorn
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The annual rate at which patients defaulted from follow up at the Wolverhampton diabetic clinic between 1971 and 1981 was 4.1% overall and 3.5% in white patients. In 1982 a study was started to discover what happened to white patients, born after 1919, who defaulted from the hospital clinic. There were 162 defaulters, of whom 19 had died. Of the remaining 143 patients, 19 were attending another hospital diabetic clinic, 22 had moved out of the area, and 28 refused to participate in the study. Seventy four agreed to participate: 39 were treated with diet, 15 with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and 20 with insulin. They were matched for sex, age, treatment, and duration of diabetes with patients attending the clinic. Non-insulin dependent defaulters were significantly more overweight at diagnosis (40% v 25%; p less than 0.05) and remained more obese. They developed significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (94 v 86 mm Hg; p less than 0.02) and higher haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) concentrations (11.7% v 8.4%; p less than 0.01). They had significantly more neuropathy at reassessment (15 v 6 out of 54; p less than 0.05) and a greater incidence of new retinopathy (p less than 0.02), which correlated with their higher diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and HbA1 concentration (p less than 0.02). In defaulters who were treated with insulin only the prevalence of neuropathy was significantly different from that in controls (p less than 0.05). Defaulters received minimal medical supervision and suffered greater morbidity than regular attenders at the clinic.
Amphotericin B regulates the host immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: Reciprocal regulation of protein kinase C isoforms
Authors: Asok Kumar Mukherjee, Gaurav Gupta, Surajit Bhattacharjee, Subhasis Kamal Guha, Saikat Majumder, Anupam Adhikari, Parna Bhattachrya, Suchandra Bhattacharyya Majumdar, Subrata Majumdar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Enhanced immunogenicity for CD8+ T cell induction and complete protective efficacy of malaria DNA vaccination by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara
Authors: Jörg Schneider, Sarah C. Gilbert, Tom J. Blanchard, Tomas Hanke, Kathryn J. Robson, Carolyn M. Hannan, Marion Becker, Robert Sinden, Geoffrey L. Smith, Adrian V.S. Hill
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Abstract 2752: Novel inhibitor of HSP90- PU-H71 exhibits significant activity in Ewing sarcoma pre-clinical models.
Authors: Srikanth R. Ambati, Eloisi Caldas Lopes, Ullas Mony, Kohji Kosugi, Andre Moreira, Paul Meyers, Gabriela Chiosis, Malcolm Moore
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ewing sarcoma is characterized by multiple deregulated pathways that mediate cell survival and proliferation. Heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) is a critical component of the multi-chaperone complexes that regulate the disposition and activity of a large number of proteins responsible for the assembly and regulation of cell-signaling systems. We tested the efficacy of PU-H71, a novel purine scaffold HSP90 inhibitor developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in several Ewing sarcoma cell lines and primary cultures established from patient samples. We investigated its effect on cell proliferation and cell viability on multiple Ewing cell lines, benign epithelial, endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells and its effect on colony forming assay using CD34 hematopoietic stem cells . We performed cell cycle analysis, clonogenic assay, immunoblot analysis and in vivo experiments in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice using A673 cell line transduced with GFP luciferase for bioimaging. We also established a metastatic model by calculating the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in various organs. Our results show that there is a significant therapeutic window in its activity against Ewing cell lines and benign cells. PU-H71 treatment resulted in arrest in G2 phase and diminished S phase in Ewing cell lines. We also noted that many of the deregulated pathway proteins including IGF1R, AKT, ERK, MYC, hTERT and EWS-FLI1 are stabilized by HSP90 and exposure to PU-H71 resulted in depletion of the above proteins. We also noted an increase in cleaved PARP and proapoptotic proteins and a decrease in antiapoptotic proteins on immunoblot analysis. Based on earlier PK and MTD studies, we treated mice at a dose of 75mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection, three times a week for 4 weeks. Our results indicated that Ewing's sarcoma tumor growth was significantly inhibited and metastatic burden was significantly decreased in the mice injected with PU-H71 compared to the mice injected with vehicle, based on MFI, weight and size of the tumors. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD31 expression was significantly reduced in PU-H71 treated mice tumors. Our results suggest that PU-H71 has the ability to affect multiple critical oncogenic pathways simultaneously resulting in decreased tumor growth and metastases and has a strong rationale for clinical evaluation in Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Srikanth R. Ambati, Eloisi Caldas Lopes, Ullas Mony, Kohji Kosugi, Andre Moreira, Paul Meyers, Gabriela Chiosis, Malcolm Moore. Novel inhibitor of HSP90- PU-H71 exhibits significant activity in Ewing sarcoma pre-clinical models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2752. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2752
Comparison of effects of dobutamine and ouabain on left ventricular contraction and relaxation in closed-chest dogs.
Authors: W C Little, A Rassi, G L Freeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Because catecholamines and digitalis have different effects on the time course of myocardial intracellular calcium concentration, their effects on the time course of left ventricular contraction and relaxation may also be different. To study this question, dogs were instrumented to measure left ventricular pressure and determine left ventricular volume from three ultrasonic dimensions. After full recovery from the instrumentation, the effects of dobutamine (2-10 micrograms/kg), ouabain (0.5 mg i.v.) alone, and ouabain given after propranolol (2 mg/kg i.v.), or phentolamine (5 mg i.v.) and incremental doses of ouabain (0.25-0.75 mg i.v.) were assessed on different days. Left ventricular pressure and volume were varied by caval occlusions. Dobutamine significantly increased the slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation (Emax) and the slope of the dP/dtmax-end-diastolic volume relation (dE/dtmax), while significantly decreasing the time from end-diastole to end-systole (tmax) and the time constant (T) of the isovolumic fall in left ventricular pressure. Ouabain also increased Emax and dE/dtmax but did not alter tmax or T. Dobutamine produced a greater increase in dE/dtmax than in Emax, whereas ouabain produced similar increases in both. These effects of ouabain were not altered by pretreatment with propranolol or phentolamine. We conclude that although dobutamine and ouabain are both positive inotropes that increase Emax, dobutamine speeds the rate of left ventricular contraction (tmax) and relaxation (T), whereas ouabain does not. These effects of ouabain and dobutamine on global parameters of left ventricular chamber performance mirror their influence on intracellular calcium availability. Furthermore, these observations are consistent with the predictions of the time-varying elastance model of the left ventricle and support its usefulness as a conceptual framework to understand and link events occurring during isovolumic contraction, end-systole, and isovolumic relaxation.
Cytotoxicity and ciliostasis in tracheal explants exposed to cadmium salts.
Authors: M G Gabridge, R A Meccoli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Cadmium salts were examined for their biological effects on ciliated respiratory epithelium in hamster tracheal explants. Cadmium chloride and cadmium acetate both caused significant decreases in ciliary motion when tested at 100 micrograms M and above. Reductions in relative ciliary activity were dose-dependent and were first demonstrable at 8-32 hr. The decreased ciliary motion was accompanied by decreases in two key metabolic compound (ATP and dehydrogenase) which are normally associated with cell viability. Histopathological examination of cadmium-treated tissues showed an epithelium thinner than normal, with extensive vacuolization and few, if any, intact ciliated cells. The various biological effects exerted by cadmium are presented, along with potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for the observed ciliostasis and cytonecrosis. Decreases in adenosine triphosphate appear to play a critical role in the development of cadmium-related effects on cellular function and metabolism.
Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 isoforms: potential new target autoantigens in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: E. Laffitte, P.R. Burkhard, L. Fontao, F. Jaunin, J-H. Saurat, M. Chofflon, L. Borradori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 isoforms: potential new target autoantigens in multiple sclerosis? Get access E. Laffitte, E. Laffitte Departments of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH‐1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Emmanuel Laffitte. E‐mail: emmanuel.laffitte@hospvd.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.R. Burkhard, P.R. Burkhard Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Fontao, L. Fontao Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Jaunin, F. Jaunin Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐H. Saurat, J‐H. Saurat Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Chofflon, M. Chofflon Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Borradori L. Borradori Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 3, 1 March 2005, Pages 537–540, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06338.x Published: 01 March 2005 Article history Accepted: 02 July 2004 Published: 01 March 2005
Does depression screening improve depression outcomes in primary care?
Authors: B. D. Thombs, R. C. Ziegelstein
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Major depression is present in 5-10% of patients in primary care,1 2 including 10-20% of patients with chronic medical conditions.3 Based on the prevalence and burden of depression, the availability of screening tools, and access to potentially effective treatments, routine depression screening has been proposed as a way to improve depression care. Depression screening involves the use of self administered questionnaires or small sets of questions to identify patients who may have depression but who are not already diagnosed or being treated for depression.4

Clinical practice guidelines do not agree on whether health professionals should screen for depression in primary care. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for depression when enhanced, staff assisted, depression care programmes are in place to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment and follow-up.1 The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care previously endorsed a similar recommendation, but in 2013 recommended against depression screening in primary care, citing a lack of evidence of benefit from randomised controlled trials and concern that a high proportion of positive screens would be false positives.5

In the UK, the National Screening Committee has determined that there is no evidence of benefit from depression screening to justify costs and potential harms and has recommended against it.6 A 2010 guideline from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) did not recommend routine depression screening, but suggested that clinicians be alert to possible depression, particularly among patients with a history of depression or with a chronic medical condition. NICE recommended that healthcare providers consider asking people suspected of having depression two screening questions related to depressed mood and loss of interest, and consider formal mental health assessment for people responding “yes” to either.2 In contrast to these recommendations, between 2006 and …
The short-term dynamics within a network of connections is creative
Authors: William A. Phillips
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Although visual long-term memory (VLTM) and visual short-term memory (VSTM) can be distinguished from each other (and from visual sensory storage [SS]), they are embodied within the same modality-specific brain regions, but in very different ways: VLTM as patterns of connectivity and VSTM as patterns of activity. Perception and VSTM do not “activate” VLTM. They use VLTM to create novel patterns of activity relevant to novel circumstances.
Body Burdens of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers among Urban Anglers
Authors: Kimberly B. Morland, Philip J. Landrigan, Andreas Sjödin, Alayne K. Gobeille, Richard S. Jones, Ernest E. McGahee, Larry L. Needham, Donald G. Patterson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used in the United States and worldwide as flame retardants. Recent PBDE production figures show that worldwide use has increased. To determine whether fish consumption is a source of PBDE exposure for humans, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of New York and New Jersey urban anglers was conducted during the summers of 2001-2003. Frequency of local fish consumption was assessed by questionnaire, and blood samples for PBDE analysis were collected from 94 anglers fishing from piers on the lower Hudson River and Newark Bay. We analyzed PBDEs by gas chromatography-isotope dilution-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The congeners found in anglers' serum at the highest concentrations were, by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry numbers, BDE-47, BDE-153, and BDE-99. Anglers reporting consumption of local fish had higher, but nonstatistically significantly different, concentrations of PBDEs than did anglers who did not eat local fish. For some congeners (BDE-100 and BDE-153), we observed moderate dose-response relationships between serum PBDE levels and frequency of reported fish intake. These findings suggest that consumption of locally caught fish is not a major route of human exposure for this study population.
Podocyte biology in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: J.J. Li, S.J. Kwak, D.S. Jung, J.-J. Kim, T.-H. Yoo, D.-R. Ryu, S.H. Han, H.Y. Choi, J.E. Lee, S.J. Moon, D.K. Kim, D.S. Han, S.-W. Kang
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Treating homosexuality as a sickness:Transvestites might be the new outcasts
Authors: Chris J Lovitt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Smith et al's article on patients' experiences of treatments for homosexuality since the 1950s should be seen as part of a reconciliation process between society and medicine and lesbian, gay, and bisexual people.1 The charity Mind has produced an outstanding resource, Lesbians, Gay Men and …