tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-057 The “poor Man’s Cell-block” Sample Preparation Method For Eus-fna Of Mediastinal And Retroperitoneal Lesions Does Not Require Attending Pathology Staff Or Cytology Expertise
Authors: T Bracey, JB King, D Shetty, B Fox
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We present a novel technique of sample preparation for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) that is simple, convenient and yields a high diagnostic success rate. EUS-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) is increasingly used to obtain tissue in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Compared with surgical biopsy, EUS is minimally invasive and safe. The procedure, however is not without risk and can occasionally be poorly tolerated. It is therefore imperative that sampled tissue is optimally prepared. Ideally sample preparation should be simple without the need for an attending pathologist, and enable specific diagnosis and prognostics. The novel “poor man’s cell block”<sup>1</sup> (PMCB) technique, recently adopted in our institution for all EUS FNA, fulfils this need. The PMCB technique allows the entire sample to be processed “as a biopsy”. No slide preparation skills are needed and pathology staff need not be present. Special equipment or centrifugation is unnecessary, and samples can be reported without specific expertise or training in cytopathology. PCMB enables additional studies such as immunohistochemistry to enable subclassification and risk stratification of some neoplasms. <h3>Methods</h3> All mediastinal and retroperitoneal histology/cytology reports since starting we started using the PMCB technique (2012–2013) were retrieved from the pathology database. <h3>Results</h3> 23 mediastinal and 33 retroperitoneal reports were retrieved, of which 18 mediastinal and 27 retroperitoneal samples respectively were prepared with the PMCB technique. All of the mediastinal PMCB samples (100%) were diagnostic. Neoplasms were accurately subclassified, and several benign samples were corroborated by the presence of non-necrotising granulomas. 63% of retroperitoneal PMCB samples were diagnostic. More specific diagnoses were afforded by the PMCB technique vs cytology (stromal and perineural invasion was seen in many pancreatic PMCB samples, enabling a “definitive” invasive diagnosis). In addition, a spindle cell GIST, and well differentiated endocrine carcinoma were diagnosed and both approximately graded/risk stratified. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The PMCB technique is a simple, reliable and cost-effective EUS-FNA sample preparation technique that in our hands appears superior to conventional cytology preparations (83% diagnostic rate PMCB vs 57% cytology). We suggest PCMB can be reported by pathologists without cytology training/expertise. PMCB allows more accurate diagnosis with the additional benefit of immunohistochemistry allowing more accurate diagnosis and risk stratification for some neoplasms. <h3>Reference</h3> Mayall, F, Darlington, A. The poor man’s cell block. <i>J Clin Pathol</i> 63:837–838. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Comparison of pleural responses of rats and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of refractory ceramic fibers.
Authors: J I Everitt, T R Gelzleichter, E Bermudez, J B Mangum, B A Wong, D B Janszen, O R Moss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

In the present subchronic study, we compared pleural inflammation, visceral pleural collagen deposition, and visceral and parietal pleural mesothelial cell proliferation in rats and hamsters identically exposed to a kaolin-based refractory ceramic fiber, (RCF)-1 by nose-only inhalation exposure, and correlated the results to translocation of fibers to the pleural cavity. Fischer 344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 650 fibers/cc of RCF-1, for 4 hr/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Following 4 and 12 weeks of exposure, and after a 12-week recovery period, pleural lavage fluid was analyzed for cytologic and biochemical evidence of inflammation. Visceral and parietal pleural mesothelial cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Pleural collagen was quantitated using morphometric analysis of lung sections stained with Sirius Red. Fiber-exposed rats and hamsters had qualitatively similar pleural inflammation at each time point. Mesothelial cell proliferation was more pronounced in hamsters than in rats at each time point and at each site. In both species, the mesothelial cell labeling index was highest in the parietal pleural mesothelial cells lining the surface of the diaphragm at each time point. Hamsters but not rats had significantly elevated collagen in the visceral pleura at the 12-week postexposure time point. Fibers were found in the pleural cavities of both species at each time point. These fibers were generally short and thin. These results suggest that mesothelial cell proliferation and fibroproliferative changes in the pleura of rodents following short-term inhalation exposure are associated with fiber translocation to the pleura and may be predictive of chronic pleural disease outcomes following long-term exposure.
Hemodynamic and Liver Function Predictors of Serum Hyaluronan in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Peter R. Gibson, Robert J.E. Fraser, Tracey J. Brown, Caroline F. Finch, Penelope A. Jones, John C. Colman, Francis J. Dudley
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To define hepatic predictors of serum hyaluronan in patients with chronic liver disease, 62 patients with alcoholic liver disease were evaluated. In group 1, 30 patients had concurrent assessment of serum hyaluronan, liver function tests, Pugh grade and hemodynamic indices. A second, overlapping group of 42 patients (group 2) also had antipyrine clearance measured but without hemodynamic assessment. All but six patients had elevated serum hyaluronan levels. In both groups, serum hyaluronan levels differed between Pugh grades and, in each group, was significantly greater in Pugh grade C compared with those in Pugh grade A (p less than 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). When analyzed by correlation, serum hyaluronan was significantly associated with several indices in group 1, but on multivariate linear regression only three statistically independent predictors of serum hyaluronan were identified: serum albumin (p = 0.008), indocyanine green clearance (p = 0.024) and indocyanine green extraction (p = 0.036). The overall R2 for these correlates was 65%. In the second group, antipyrine clearance was not significantly associated with serum hyaluronan (r = 0.29, p = 0.06), but other associations were similar to the first group. On multivariate analysis, only serum albumin predicted serum hyaluronan (p less than 0.001; R2 = 43%). In conclusion, indices of hepatocyte synthetic function, sinusoidal blood flow and degree of intrahepatic shunting are independent predictors of serum hyaluronan in alcoholic liver disease. These data show the unique nature of serum hyaluronan and suggest its potential application to the assessment of acute hemodynamic changes in patients with liver disease.
Chromatographic modeling of the release of particle-adsorbed molecules into synthetic alveolar surfactant.
Authors: S S Sehnert, T H Risby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Pseudophase liquid chromatography was used to measure the thermodynamic parameters governing adsorption of organic molecules from the surfaces of carbonaceous particles into liposomal zwitterionic mobile phases. These mobile phases contain many of the important physicochemical parameters of alveolar surfactant. Results show that physical desorption into model surfactant will be dependent upon the heat of solution and the heat of adsorption. Dominance of either thermodynamic parameter is dependent upon the relative polarity of the adsorbent surface and the adsorbate molecule. It is postulated from data obtained from simple molecules containing relevant organic functional groups that physical desorption of environmental agents from the surfaces of particulate complexes into alveolar surfactant may be predicted both by quantification of the polarity of the system and of the extent of surface coverage under investigation.
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: RAJENDRA TANDON, ANNA J. HAUCK, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The clinical, hemodynamic, and autopsy data on 19 patients with a diagnosis of persistent truncus arteriosus have been presented. A proposed clinical classification, dividing the patients into types I and II only, with exclusion of type IV, provides a uniform clinical profile. The patients, as a rule, are small infants with a large left-to-right shunt, minimal cyanosis, wide pulse pressure, left or combined ventricular hypertrophy, and congestive heart failure, and resemble patients with a ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus. At cardiac catheterization distinct but slight differences in pressures or saturations between pulmonary arteries and "ascending aorta" do not exclude the diagnosis of persistent truncus arteriosus. The prognosis is uniformly poor. Most infants die in congestive heart failure within the first 6 months of life, others develop pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in later years.
SARCOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Oswald Swinney Lowsley
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Sarcoma of the prostate is such a rare finding that it is considered proper to report our case in considerable detail. A diagnosis is often difficult to make, and this case is unusual in that it occurred to a man late in life. The literature shows, however, that our case is not unique in that regard. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> S. E. B., a man, aged 64, admitted to the Urological Department of the New York Hospital (James Buchanan Brady Foundation), May 19, 1930, complained of frequency and dribbling. The frequency began about three years before admission and greatly increased in severity until the patient voided on the average of every hour, day and night. The micturition was always painful. Dribbling began one year before. At first it occurred at the end of micturition. On admission it was constant. Cystoscopy had been performed about one month before and he was told
Competency for Trial: A Screening Instrument
Authors: PAUL D. LIPSITT, DAVID LELOS, A. LOUIS McGARRY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The process of determining an accused person's competence to stand trial often causes indefinite commitment to mental hospitals. The authors administered the Competency Screening Test, a device for determining competency, to 43 men who had been referred to a state hospital for determination of competency to stand trial. The majority who scored low on the test were indefinitely committed, while the majority who scored high were returned for trial. The test seems to facilitate screening procedures and avoids hospitalization of competent persons.
Coping with loss: Bereavement in adult life
Authors: C. M. Parkes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the first in a series of 10 articles dealing with the different types of loss that doctors will meet in their practice

Doctors are well acquainted with loss and grief. Of 200 consultations with general practitioners, a third were thought to be psychological in origin; of these, 55—a quarter of consultations overall—were identified as resulting from types of loss.1 In order of frequency the types of loss included separations from loved others, incapacitation, bereavement, migration, relocation, job losses, birth of a baby, retirement, and professional loss.

After a major loss, such as the death of a spouse or child, up to a third of the people most directly affected will suffer detrimental effects on their physical or mental health, or both.2 Such bereavements increase the risk of death from heart disease and suicide as well as causing or contributing to a variety of psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders. About a quarter of widows and widowers will experience clinical depression and anxiety during the first year of bereavement; the risk drops to about 17% by the end of the first year and continues to decline thereafter.2 Clegg found that 31% of 71 patients admitted to a psychiatric unit for the elderly had recently been bereaved.3

Despite this there is also evidence that losses can foster maturity and personal growth. Losses are not necessarily harmful.

Yet the consequences of loss are so far reaching that the topic should occupy a large place in the training of health care providers—but this is not the case. One explanation for this omission is the assumption that loss is irreversible and untreatable: there is nothing we can do about it, and the best way of dealing with it is to ignore it. This attitude may help us to live with the …
Abstract 4312: Loss of Ink4a and Arf each contributes to increased susceptibility to asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma development
Authors: Deborah A. Altomare, Craig W. Menges, Jinfei Xu, Jianming Pei, Lili Zhang, Ara Tadevosyan, Erin Neumann-Domer, Zemin Liu, Michele Carbone, Ilse Chudoba, Andres J. Klein-Szanto, Joseph R. Testa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The CDKN2A/ARF locus encompasses overlapping tumor suppressor genes p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF), which are frequently co-deleted in human malignant mesothelioma (MM). The importance of p16(INK4A) loss in human cancer is well established, but the relative significance of p14(ARF) loss has been debated. The tumor predisposition of mice singly deficient for either Ink4a or Arf, due to targeting of exons 1α or 1β, respectively, supports the idea that both play significant and nonredundant roles in suppressing spontaneous tumors. To further test this notion, we exposed Ink4a(+/-) and Arf(+/-) mice to asbestos, the major cause of MM. Asbestos-treated Ink4a(+/-) and Arf(+/-) mice showed increased incidence and shorter latency of MM relative to wild-type littermates. MMs from Ink4a(+/-) mice exhibited biallelic inactivation of Ink4a, loss of Arf or p53 expression and frequent loss of p15(Ink4b). In contrast, MMs from Arf (+/-) mice exhibited loss of Arf expression, but did not require loss of Ink4a or Ink4b. Mice doubly deficient for Ink4a and Arf, due to deletion of Cdkn2a/Arf exon 2, showed accelerated asbestos-induced MM formation relative to mice deficient for Ink4a or Arf alone, and MMs exhibited biallelic loss of both tumor suppressor genes. The tumor suppressor function of Arf in MM was p53-independent, since MMs with loss of Arf retained functional p53. Collectively, these investigations provide in vivo evidence indicating that both CDKN2A/ARF gene products suppress asbestos carcinogenicity. Furthermore, while inactivation of ARF appears to be crucial for MM pathogenesis, the inactivation of both p16(INK4A) and p19(ARF) cooperate to accelerate asbestos-induced tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4312
Circulating Bovine Lymphocytes Contain Receptors for Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Itsuo Yamamoto, John T. Potts, Gino V. Segre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

No cell type practicably obtainable in vivo, such as blood cells, is known to contain parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors; this deficiency has hampered investigation of receptor regulation. Second, PTH in vivo is among the potent stimulators of osteoclastic activity, although no direct hormonal effects on these cells have been identified. Several lines of evidence suggest that cells of the immune system may mediate PTH effects on osteoclasts. We, therefore, studied bovine blood cells for the presence of PTH receptors and PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Using an analogue of bovine PTH, 125I-labeled [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]bPTH-(1--34)amide, we found PTH-specific binding to intact, nonadherent mononuclear cells (lymphocytes) and PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase in plasma membranes prepared from these cells, and not with cells or membranes from other blood cells. Lymphocytes may serve to study the effects of physiologic and pathologic perturbations on PTH-receptor function in vivo. Exploration of PTH-related lymphocyte responses may help define the relation between cells of the immune system and osteoclastic bone resorption.
Does Furosemide Have a Role in the Management of Hypercalcemia?
Authors: Susan B. LeGrand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters20 January 2009Does Furosemide Have a Role in the Management of Hypercalcemia?Susan B. LeGrand, MDSusan B. LeGrand, MDFrom Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Robey and colleagues question our conclusion that furosemide has no role other than management of fluid overload; however, we are not alone in this conclusion (1–3; www.uptodateonline.com). The fact that furosemide produces calciuria is not in question. The question is whether this translates into a practical therapy for malignant hypercalcemia. What we found was not a “wealth,” but a paucity of evidence for the value of furosemide and no evidence to support the currently recommended doses. The other key element in the case reports was the intensity of monitoring to ensure adequate rehydration and replacement of urine ...References1. Mundy GR, Guise TA. Hypercalcemia of malignancy. Am J Med. 1997;103:134-45. [PMID: 9274897] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Sambandam K, Vijayan A. Fluid and electrolyte management.. In: Cooper DH, Krainik AJ, Lubner SJ, Reno HE, eds. Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics. 32nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. Google Scholar3. Luce JA. Oncologic emergencies.. In: Wachter RM, Godman L, Hollander H, eds. Hospital Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Susan B. LeGrand, MDAffiliations: From Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNarrative Review: Furosemide for Hypercalcemia: An Unproven yet Common Practice Susan B. LeGrand , Dona Leskuski , and Ivan Zama Does Furosemide Have a Role in the Management of Hypercalcemia? R. Brooks Robey , James P. Lash , and Jose A.L. Arruda Metrics Cited byTsukamurella pulmonis Bloodstream Infection Identified by secA1 Gene Sequencing 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: 147KeywordsConflicts of interestCytokinesFluid managementHypercalcemiaInpatientsLength of stayPalliative careRandomized trialsToxicityUrine ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary CD56 + nasal-type T/natural killer-cell subcutaneous panniculitic lymphoma: presentation as haemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: None Jang, None Choi, None Sung, None Moon, None Koh, None Kwon, None Chi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic reactions which are not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. In recent years it has become apparent that a minor proportion of malignant lymphomas expresses an NK‐cell phenotype defined by its reactivity with the CD56 antibody. Primary purely cutaneous CD56 + lymphomas have rarely been reported. They share a generally aggressive course and are highly associated with Epstein–Barr virus. We describe a patient with a primary cutaneous nasal‐type T/NK‐cell lymphoma that presented as a haemophagocytic syndrome and showed an aggressive clinical course.
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more hydrophobic bile salts:In vitro studies in rat hepatocytes and human erythrocytes
Authors: Douglas M. Heuman, Michael W. Pandak, Philip B. Hylemon, Reno Z. Vlahcevic
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Intraduodenal infusion of hydrophobic bile salts to bile-fistula rats leads within hours to severe hepatocellular necrosis and cholestasis; simultaneous administration of conjugates of ursodeoxycholate, either intraduodenally or intravenously, reduces or prevents liver injury. To evaluate the short-term protective effects of ursodeoxycholate at the cellular level, we incubated primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes or freshly isolated washed human erythrocytes for 1 to 240 min with varying defined concentrations of different bile salts in the presence or absence of ursodeoxycholate. Cytolysis was quantified by measuring the release into the medium of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (hepatocytes) or hemoglobin (erythrocytes). In both systems, cytolysis increased sigmoidally with increasing bile salt concentration, and the relative toxicity of different bile salts proceeded in the following order: tauroursodeoxycholate was less toxic than taurocholate, which was less toxic than taurodeoxycholate. Taurochenodeoxycholate was more toxic to erythrocytes than taurodeoxycholate; the two were equally toxic to rat hepatocytes. Unconjugated bile salts were more toxic than their conjugates. The addition of tauroursodeoxycholate to taurochenodeoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate led to time-dependent and concentration-dependent reduction or elimination of the toxicity of the more hydrophobic component. Protection was evident within minutes. With respect to hemolysis, at pH 8.5 glyco was less protective than tauroursodeoxycholate, and free ursodeoxycholate was only minimally protective. We conclude that the hepatocytotoxicity of hydrophobic bile salts at millimolar concentrations is markedly reduced in the presence of tauroursodeoxycholate. Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate also prevented disruption of erythrocytes by bile salts, suggesting that protection does not depend on liver-specific pathways of bile salt uptake, compartmentation, transport or metabolism. We hypothesize that ursodeoxycholate interferes with solubilization of membranes by bile salts; in vivo , ursodeoxycholate may improve cholestatic liver disease by reducing the toxicity of endogenous bile salts at the luminal surface of the canalicular plasma membrane. (Hepatology 1991;14:920-926).
Relationships between avian exposure, humoral immune response, and pigeon breeders' disease among Scottish pigeon fanciers.
Authors: S W Banham, C McSharry, P P Lynch, G Boyd
Journal: Thorax (1986)

In a large scale clinical survey of Scottish pigeon fanciers, 277 people completed a detailed questionnaire and provided a venous blood sample. There were 29 (10.4%) who fulfilled the clinical criteria for pigeon breeders9 disease used in the study and 84 (30.3%) who showed a significant serum IgG antibody response to pigeon gammaglobulin (4 micrograms/ml) and were considered to have been sensitised. Increasing exposure was associated with a progressive tendency towards sensitisation, but the intensity of the antibody response was related to the presence of symptoms and not the degree of exposure. Thirteen out of 15 subjects in the survey with a serum concentration of antipigeon IgG greater than 60 micrograms/ml fulfilled the clinical criteria for pigeon breeders9 disease, and those affected within 10 years of starting the hobby had the highest mean antibody response. Accurate quantitation of antibody response is therefore helpful in the investigation of pigeon breeders9 disease. The radioimmunoassay provides a quantitative method for determining antibody response that can be used in the routine screening of pigeon fanciers and in serial monitoring of their response.