tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergy: Principles and Practice
Authors: Noel R. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1978)

After many years as a neglected stepchild, the practice of allergy has come to the forefront of medical research and practice. Part of this change has come from increased basic understanding of allergic reactions, especially knowledge of the IgE antibodies mediating immediate hypersensitivity reactions, their mode of interaction with cells, and the nature of the products released following the encounter between cell-associated antibody and antigen. Skillful use of drugs can control many of the worst effects of allergic reactions. The allergist has graduated from being an empiricist whose only therapeutic tools consisted of skin tests and shots to a broadly based clinician whose understanding of allergic disorders permits him to manipulate skillfully the allergic response. The two-volume book<i>Allergy: Principles and Practice</i>will further advance the practice of allergy by both the specialist and the generalist. Volume 1 contains a thorough review of the basic sciences that underly the practice
A Side Light on Ethics.
Authors: Donald Maclean
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Detroit, Jan. 3, 1903.  To the Editor:  —I ask permission to add my approval to the wise, just and timely thesis under the above title by Dr. Robert T. Gillmore, which appeared in your issue of January 3.  In his communication the Doctor has so ably covered the ground that there is very little left for those who agree with him to say except to express their approval and add their sincere Amen.  Those, if there are any such, who are disposed to differ with the Doctor's views are not likely to present their arguments either in the columns ofThe Journalor elsewhere. I have heretofore given such expression as I could to the feeling of shame and regret with which the commercial spirit at present animating and overruling our profession has affected me. Consequently Dr. Gillmore's presentation of the subject afforded me sincere gratification. With medical students and
Nasal inhalation of budesonide from a spacer in children with perennial rhinitis and asthma
Authors: W. Pedersen, I. Hjuler, H. Bisgaard, N. Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The standard treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma consists of topical corticosteroids administered intranasally and inhaled through the mouth. Although this therapy is highly effective, and side‐effects are few and mild, it may be possible further to improve the therapeutic index and patient compliance with the treatment. In the present study, we evaluated a nasal inhalation system used for the simultaneous treatment of rhinitis and asthma. In principle, it results in an airway deposition of the corticosteroid similar to that of inhaled allergens. Twenty‐four children with perennial rhinitis and asthma inhaled budesonide through the nose from a pressurized aerosol, attached to a spacer device, in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. Compared with placebo, budesonide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of nasal symptoms (P&lt;0.01) and of asthma symptoms (P&lt;0.05), and in an increase of nasal peak inspiratory flow (P&lt;0.001) and of oral peak expiratory flow (P=0.01). There were no differences between budesonide and placebo in local side‐effects, such as dry nose, nosebleed, and hoarseness. We conclude that nasal inhalation of a corticosteroid from a spacer offers a simple and effective treatment for both rhinitis and asthma in children, but it is an open question whether the nasal inhalation system can improve the ratio of antirhinitis/antiasthma effects to side‐effects.
THE HEALTH AND WEALTH OF BENGUET PROVINCE, P. I.
Authors: J. C. MINOR
Journal: JAMA (1900)

To feel your feet slipping over pine logs in the Philippines and to actually lie down under tall pines and cedars by a rushing, sparkling stream of cold mountain water after a hard day's "hike" through mountains covered with hemp, banana, cocoa-nut, molava, narra and other foreign growths, poetic and useful enough in their place, is to the American soldier like being transported by a miracle from a foreign land to the home of his youth. Such were the nostalgic prodromata noticeable February 1, after marching twenty-four hours over the steepest of most dangerous trails from the China Sea to the mountain side overlooking the little valley of La Trinidad, Province of Benguet. Trinidad is 4000 feet above sea-level, with its protecting circular crest or crown of little mountains enclosing the valley that was once upon a time furiously pouring forth molten lava, but now a most beautiful green plain
Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein cIAP2 Protects against Pulmonary Tissue Necrosis during Influenza Virus Infection to Promote Host Survival
Authors: Ian Gaël Rodrigue-Gervais, Katherine Labbé, Maryse Dagenais, Jeremy Dupaul-Chicoine, Claudia Champagne, Alexandre Morizot, Alexander Skeldon, Erik L. Brincks, Silvia M. Vidal, Thomas S. Griffith, Maya Saleh
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Vulnerable periods and processes during central nervous system development.
Authors: P M Rodier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The developing central nervous system (CNS) is the organ system most frequently observed to exhibit congenital abnormalities. While the developing CNS lacks a blood brain barrier, the characteristics of known teratogens indicate that differential doses to the developing vs mature brain are not the major factor in differential sensitivity. Instead, most agents seem to act on processes that occur only during development. Thus, it appears that the susceptibility of the developing brain compared to the mature one depends to a great extent on the presence of processes sensitive to disruption. Yet cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation characterize many other developing organs, so the difference between CNS and other organs must depend on other properties of the developing CNS. The most important of these is probably the fact that nervous system development takes much longer than development of other organs, making it subject to injury over a longer period.
Construction of novel immune-related signature for prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human breast cancer
Authors: Y. Sota, Y. Naoi, R. Tsunashima, N. Kagara, K. Shimazu, N. Maruyama, A. Shimomura, M. Shimoda, K. Kishi, Y. Baba, S.J. Kim, S. Noguchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Regulation of glucose transporter-specific mRNA levels in rat adipose cells with fasting and refeeding. Implications for in vivo control of glucose transporter number.
Authors: B B Kahn, S W Cushman, J S Flier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Fasting in the rat is associated with a rapid and progressive decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in adipose cells, which is not only restored to normal, but increased transiently to supranormal levels by refeeding. The mechanisms for these changes in glucose transport activity appear to involve alterations in both glucose transporter number and intrinsic activity (glucose turnover number). In this study, we use the human hepatoma Hep G2 glucose transporter complementary DNA clone to examine the molecular basis for these alterations. Extractable RNA per adipose cell is decreased 35% with 3 d of fasting and increased to 182% of control with 6 d of refeeding after 2 d of fasting. This parallels changes in adipose cell intracellular water, so that total RNA/water space remains relatively constant. When the changes in total RNA/cell are taken into account, Northern and slot blot analyses with quantitative densitometry reveal a 36% decrease in specific glucose transporter mRNA level in cells from the fasted rats. The mRNA level in cells from the fasted/refed rats is restored to normal. These observations correlate closely with previous measurements of glucose transporter number in adipose cell membrane fractions using cytochalasin B binding and Western blotting. The levels of specific mRNAs for tubulin and actin on a per cell basis show similar but more dramatic changes and mRNAs encoding several differentiation-dependent adipose cell proteins are also significantly affected. Thus, the levels of mRNA for multiple adipose cell genes are affected by fasting and refeeding. In particular, this demonstrates that in vivo metabolic alterations can influence the level of a glucose transporter mRNA in adipose cells. This may have implications for the regulation of glucose transporter number and glucose transport activity.
A Novel Method for Nonfluoroscopic Catheter-Based Electroanatomical Mapping of the Heart
Authors: Lior Gepstein, Gal Hayam, Shlomo A. Ben-Haim
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Cardiac mapping is essential for understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmias and for directing curative procedures. A major limitation of the current methods is the inability to accurately relate local electrograms to their spatial orientation. The objective of this study was to present and test the accuracy of a new method for nonfluoroscopic, catheter-based, endocardial mapping. Methods and Results The method is based on using a new locatable catheter connected to an endocardial mapping and navigating system. The system uses magnetic technology to accurately determine the location and orientation of the catheter and simultaneously records the local electrogram from its tip. By sampling a plurality of endocardial sites, the system reconstructs the three-dimensional geometry of the chamber, with the electrophysiological information color-coded and superimposed on the anatomy. The accuracy of the system was tested in both in vitro and in vivo studies and was found to be highly reproducible (SD, 0.16±0.02 [mean±SEM] and 0.74±0.13 mm) and accurate (mean errors, 0.42±0.05 and 0.73±0.03 mm). In further studies, electroanatomical mapping of the cardiac chambers was performed in 34 pigs. Both the geometry and activation sequence were repeatable in all pigs. Conclusions The new mapping method is highly accurate and reproducible. The ability to combine electrophysiological and spatial information provides a unique tool for both research and clinical electrophysiology. Consequently, the main shortcomings of conventional mapping—namely, prolonged x-ray exposure, low spatial resolution, and the inability to accurately navigate to a predefined site—can all be overcome with this new method.
New Approaches for Deep Vein Thrombosis Occurring After Surgery
Authors: Jack Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Fatal pulmonary embolism has been reported to occur in up to 200,000 patients each year in the United States.<sup>1,2</sup>Although many of these deaths occur in patients with terminal disease, many of these deaths also occur in patients who would otherwise have survived to live a normal life. The rate of fatal pulmonary embolism has been estimated to be approximately 3% after total hip replacement,<sup>1,2</sup>between 0.1% and 0.8% in patients undergoing elective general surgical operations,<sup>1,2</sup>and between 4% and 7% in patients with hip fractures.<sup>1,2</sup>Fatal pulmonary embolism is also an important complication in patients who are convalescing from congestive cardiac failure or respiratory conditions. Two approaches can be used to prevent clinically significant venous thromboembolism. These are primary prophylaxis and early detection and treatment of subclinical venous thrombosis. Primary prophylaxis is more effective and less expensive and is the method of choice in most
Breast Cancer Screening for Elderly Women
Authors: Joel Merenstein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent response to a question regarding breast cancer therapy in the elderly,<sup>1</sup>your consultant emphasized the general acceptance of screening mammography in the elderly before discussing the incomplete data on treatment. There are no data to support screening mammography in women older than 69 years, and most organizations recommend screening only to age 75 years.<sup>2</sup>The report of the US Preventive Services Task Force<sup>3</sup>states, "Mammography every one to two years is recommended for all women beginning at age 50 and concluding at approximately age 75 unless pathology is detected." A number of countries, including Canada, have established guidelines that do not include patients 70 years or older.<sup>4</sup>This is consistent with the original research that has demonstrated a benefit only for women in the 50- to 69-year-old group.<sup>4</sup> Despite the increasing incidence of breast cancer with age there is
Latent Structure of Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Factor Analytic and Taxometric Investigation
Authors: Donald A. Williamson, Leslie G. Womble, Monique A.M. Smeets, Richard G. Netemeyer, Jean M. Thaw, Vesna Kutlesic, David H. Gleaves
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The latent structure of eating disorder symptoms, as defined by DSM-IV, was tested in a group of 341 women with and without an eating disorder diagnosis.The study group consisted of 201 participants with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or eating disorder not otherwise specified; 24 comparison subjects who were obese but did not have an eating disorder diagnosis; and 116 normal-weight comparison subjects. The presence and severity of DSM-IV eating disorder symptoms was assessed with the semi-structured Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders-IV. The study group was randomly divided into two subgroups for factor analytic studies, and the data were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Pilot taxometric analyses were used to examine whether the obtained factors represented true dimensions or latent discrete classes.In exploratory factor analyses with data from subgroup 1, three factors were found to account for 66% of the variance in eating disorder symptoms: binge eating, fear of fatness/compensatory behaviors, and drive for extreme thinness. Confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated this factor structure with data from subgroup 2. The eating disorder groups and comparison groups were found to differ on at least one of the three factors. The results of the taxometric analyses were inconsistent with a strictly dimensional model of eating disorders and suggested that some features may be dimensional whereas others may be taxonic (discrete).The eating disorders, as defined by DSM-IV, can be conceptualized as having three latent features. Taxometric tests found empirical support for conceptualizing bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder as discrete syndromes.
FISH LINE SUTURES
Authors: George F. Chandler
Journal: JAMA (1925)

For the last two years, I have been using ordinary "Starling" braided silk black fish line for all skin sutures and for all conditions, such as retention sutures in the perineum, which have been commonly made with silk or silkworm gut. Every surgeon to whom I have suggested it and who has used it is enthusiastic. Silk swells continuously under moisture of the tissues and therefore is hard to remove, usually causing pain. Silk-worm gut cuts the tissue. Linen shrinks and allows the skin coccus to enter alongside the suture, frequently causing stitch abscess. It occurred to me that the makers of fish line must have developed a structure that would act well in moisture. Experience has taught that boiling makes no difference with the line, and that it can be boiled and boiled again without harm or change. The large size of this suture makes it possible to support
The role of house dust mite elimination in the management of childhood asthma: an unresolved issue
Authors: A. Boner, L. Pescollderungg, M. Silverman
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Indoor allergens are likely to be direct environmental causes of asthma and mite exposure, and sensitization is the most important environmental risk factor for childhood asthma in temperate zones. Analagous to occupational asthma, allergen avoidance in asthmatic children sensitized and exposed to mite allergens is associated with a reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness and symptoms associated with improvement in lung function. The long‐term effect of this strategy needs to be prospectively evaluated considering both the timing and duration of exposure, as well as the timing and duration of removal. In order to be successful, it is important to achieve and maintain a major reduction on allergen levels, for a long period of time.
Clinical, virologic and histologic outcome following seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in chronic hepatitis type B
Authors: Giovanna Fattovich, Massimo Rugge, Lucio Brollo, Patrizia Pontisso, Franco Noventa, Maria Guido, Alfredo Alberti, Giuseppe Realdi
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Seventy consecutive HBsAg– and HBeAg–positive patients with biopsy–proven chronic hepatitis were followed prospectively with serial determinations of SGPT levels and hepatitis B virus serum markers including HBsAg, HBeAg, anti–HBeand hepatitis B virus DNA. During a period of 1 to 11 years (mean ± S.D.: 5.0 ± 2.3 years), 28 patients remained persistently HBeAg positive, most with continuing biochemical and histologic activity, while 41 cases seroconverted to anti–HBe. One patient became HBeAg and anti–HBe negative. After seroconversion, 87.8% ofthe cases showed sustained normalization of SGPT, and clearance of hepatitis B virus DNA from serum and histologic improvement was documented in 79% of the cases who had a control liver biopsy, while 15.8% developed cirrhosis. In two patients (4.9%), the disease remained active despite seroconversion, and both cases had evidence of continuing hepatitis B virus replication. Finally, reactivation of liver damage and of hepatitis B virus replication was observed in three additional patients (7.3%) who had transiently normalized SGPT after seroconversion. All 70 patients were analyzed for hepatitis delta virus markers, and only two persistently HBeAg–positive cases were found positivefor antibody to hepatitis delta virus in serum, one also having hepatitis delta antigenin the liver. These findings indicate that, in chronic hepatitis type B, termination ofvirus replication is associated in most patients with biochemical and histologic regression of inflammatory activity. After anti–HBe seroconversion has occurred, virusreplication and liver disease may persist or reactivate in a small proportion of patients thus giving origin to the well–recognized group of anti–HBe positive, hepatitis B virus DNA–positive chronic hepatitis type B.
Germfree Pigs and Bile Peritonitis-Reply
Authors: Jerome J. Landy
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We thank Doctor Fine for his comments on our preliminary work on bile peritonitis in the germfree pig. We would like to make the following points: 1. Germfree pigs are fed only cows' milk with supplemental minerals and vitamins, in contrast to the pellets and chows fed to germfree and other rodents. The number of organisms contained in the unsterilized pigs' diet is considerably less than in the unsterilized rodents' diet. The maximal bacterial count for the milk we use is as follows: less than 30,000 bacteria per milliliter and less than 2,000 coliforms per milliliter in the raw, unpasteurized milk. Following pasteurization the count is reduced to no coliforms and less than 3,000 total bacteria per milliliter. Of course, all organisms are killed before being fed to any germfree animal. Thus, the total amount of endotoxin, theoretically available to these animals, is extremely small, even if
Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses
Authors: Walid Heneine, William M. Switzer, Paul Sandstrom, Jennifer Brown, Shanmugam Vedapuri, Charles A. Schable, Arifa S. Khan, Nicholas W. Lerche, Matthias Schweizer, Dieter Neumann-Haefelin, Louisa E. Chapman, Thomas M. Folks
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
To-day's Drugs
Authors: M. Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Schools and Convalescent HomesMost children with asthma are capable of remaining at an ordinary school.An open-air school may help a few of them.It is, however, also important to them that their education is as good as possible.Boarding schools have certain advantages in that the frequency and severity of attacks of asthma seem much worse at home than when a child is away from home.This probably reflects more the attitude of the child and those around him to the asthma than any improvement in the disease itself.It is rarely, if ever, justifiable to suggest sending a child away from home for any length of time purely to keep him away from his parents.However, where life at home is grossly abnormal as the result of his asthma and it seems possible that he will be able to continue his education and live a more normal life at a boarding school, this should be considered.Some county educational authorities have residential schools for children with handicaps such as asthma; and some private schools are particularly sympathetic to children with this dis- order.The Invalid Children's Aid Association has two schools for boys with asthma, one for the younger and one for the older child.Convalescence away from home is only a short-term expe- dient which is sometimes necessary to give either the child or his parents a rest.A period in the Swiss Alps is undoubtedly beneficial from the purely physical angle, and can be arranged through the Chest and Heart Association.2It has the dis- advantage of entailing separation from the family in a distant and somewhat artificial environment, but good results are claimed.
Pregnancy and Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: RALPH S. ZITNIK, R. O. BRANDENBURG, R. SHELDON, R. B. WALLACE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

During pregnancy, when surgically reparable heart disease can no longer be medically manged, open- or closed-heart surgery is the procedure of choice without prior therapeutic abortion. Cyanotic congenital heart disease in a pregnant patient when completely correctable surgically may be an indication for surgery in itself. Available data suggest that pregnancy per se does not increase the maternal risk of heart surgery with use of extracorporeal circulation. Fetal mortality in our series was 33%.
A prospective randomized trial of triage angiography in acute coronary syndromes ineligible for thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, William W. O’Neill, Mariann Graham, Robert J. Stomel, Felix Rogers, Shukri David, Ali Farhat, Rasa Kazlauskaite, Majid Al-Zagoum, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)