tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Behavior vs the Stress of Low Socioeconomic Status and Health Outcomes
Authors: James R. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Single-molecule sequencing to track plasmid diversity of hospital-associated carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Sean Conlan, Pamela J. Thomas, Clayton Deming, Morgan Park, Anna F. Lau, John P. Dekker, Evan S. Snitkin, Tyson A. Clark, Khai Luong, Yi Song, Yu-Chih Tsai, Matthew Boitano, Jyoti Dayal, Shelise Y. Brooks, Brian Schmidt, Alice C. Young, James W. Thomas, Gerard G. Bouffard, Robert W. Blakesley, James C. Mullikin, Jonas Korlach, David K. Henderson, Karen M. Frank, Tara N. Palmore, Julia A. Segre
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Public health officials have raised concerns that plasmid transfer between Enterobacteriaceae species may spread resistance to carbapenems, an antibiotic class of last resort, thereby rendering common health care-associated infections nearly impossible to treat. To determine the diversity of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids and assess their mobility among bacterial species, we performed comprehensive surveillance and genomic sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center patient population and hospital environment. We isolated a repertoire of carbapenemase-encoding Enterobacteriaceae, including multiple strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Pantoea species. Long-read genome sequencing with full end-to-end assembly revealed that these organisms carry the carbapenem resistance genes on a wide array of plasmids. K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolated simultaneously from a single patient harbored two different carbapenemase-encoding plasmids, indicating that plasmid transfer between organisms was unlikely within this patient. We did, however, find evidence of horizontal transfer of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids between K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and C. freundii in the hospital environment. Our data, including full plasmid identification, challenge assumptions about horizontal gene transfer events within patients and identify possible connections between patients and the hospital environment. In addition, we identified a new carbapenemase-encoding plasmid of potentially high clinical impact carried by K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. cloacae, and Pantoea species, in unrelated patients and in the hospital environment.
MUTATIONS IN THE GENE CODING FOR THE M2-MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR CHRM2, A POTENTIAL NEW CANDIDATE GENE FOR DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Volker Ruppert, Fabian Straulino, Andreas Perrot, Maximilian G. Posch, Anette Richter, Cemil Oezcelik, Bernhard Maisch, Sabine Pankuweit
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Brief Review of Short Tandem Repeat Mutation
Authors: Hao Fan, Jia-You Chu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short tandemly repeated DNA sequences that involve a repetitive unit of 1–6 bp. Because of their polymorphisms and high mutation rates, STRs are widely used in biological research. Strand-slippage replication is the predominant mutation mechanism of STRs, and the stepwise mutation model is regarded as the main mutation model. STR mutation rates can be influenced by many factors. Moreover, some trinucleotide repeats are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen our knowledge of these diseases and broaden STR application, it is essential to understand the STR mutation process in detail. In this review, we focus on the current known information about STR mutation.
299 BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH PRESCRIPTION OF RIBAVIRIN &gt;800 MG/DAY AMONG G2/3 PATIENTS PRESCRIBED PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) FROM REAL-WORLD PATIENT COHORTS: INTERIM RESULTS FROM PROPHESYS
Authors: M.L. Shiffman, P. Ferenci, T. Hassanein, M. Curescu, C. Coppola, J. Pruthi, R. Aires, G. Lengyel, S. Pol, D. Nelson, D. Messinger, A. Tietz, G.M. Dusheiko
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplements in prevention of recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty.
Authors: I Bairati, L Roy, F Meyer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that recurrence of coronary stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) might be prevented with dietary supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this hypothesis. In addition, the relation between usual dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and restenosis was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in which 205 patients undergoing a first PTCA received 15 capsules per day containing 1 g of either fish oil (2.7 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.8 g/day of docosahexaenoic acid) or olive oil. The treatment was started 3 weeks before PTCA and continued for 6 months thereafter. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. At 6 months after PTCA, patients underwent a control angiography. All angiographic lesions were measured by quantitative computer analysis. Four criteria were used to define restenosis. Restenosis occurred less often in the fish oil group (22.0-35.6% depending on the definition) than in the control group (40.0-53.3%). After controlling for other risk factors of restenosis, the association of fish oil supplementation with a lower frequency of restenosis was statistically significant (p = 0.03) for three of four definitions. After adjustment, a dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids of more than 0.15 g/day was also associated with a lower frequency of restenosis (p less than or equal to 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This trial documented the protective effect of fish oil supplements on the recurrence of coronary stenosis 6 months after PTCA. The study results suggest that a dietary intervention could be useful in preventing restenosis.
The cerebral cavernous malformation signaling pathway promotes vascular integrity via Rho GTPases
Authors: Kevin J Whitehead, Aubrey C Chan, Sutip Navankasattusas, Wonshill Koh, Nyall R London, Jing Ling, Anne H Mayo, Stavros G Drakos, Christopher A Jones, Weiquan Zhu, Douglas A Marchuk, George E Davis, Dean Y Li
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Patients with cancer are at high risk of venous thrombosis
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Patients with cancer are seven times more likely to develop venous thrombosis than people without cancer, a Dutch study has found ( JAMA 2005;293:715-22). The study found a particularly high risk of venous thromboembolism in the first few months after a diagnosis of cancer and in people with distant metastases.

The study included 3220 volunteers aged 18 to 70 with a first deep venous thrombosis of the leg or pulmonary embolism between March 1999 and May 2002. They were recruited from a larger group of more than …
Relationship of Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Insulin to the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Results from Two Population Studies in Finland
Authors: Kalevi Pyörälä
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

The relationship of glucose tolerance to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been investigated in two cohorts of Finnish men: 3267 men ages 40–59 yr from the Social Insurance Institution's (SII) Coronary Heart Disease Study and 1059 men ages 30–59 yr from the Helsinki Policemen Study. The relationship of plasma insulin level to the incidence of CHD was also investigated in the Helsinki Policemen Study. An oral glucose lead of 60, 75, or 90 g according to body surface area was used in both studies. In the SII Study, plasma glucose was determined from venous blood samples taken 1 h after glucose load. In the Helsinki Policemen Study, blood glucose was determined from venous blood samples taken at 0, 1, and 2 h, and at a 5-yr reexamination, plasma insulin was measured during OGTT at 0, 1, 2 h. In the SII Study cohort, the 4-yr mortality from CHD and the 4-yr incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) did not show a definite relationship to 1-h postload plasma glucose. In the Helsinki Policemen Study cohort, the 5-yr incidence of “hard criteria” CHD (CHD death and nonfatal MI) was significantly related to high 1-h postload blood glucose level but not to fasting or 2-h postload blood glucose levels. 10-yr mortality from CHD was significantly higher in the top quintile of fasting and 1- and 2-h postload blood glucose levels, as was the incidence of “hard criteria” CHD. However, in multivariate analyses including age, systolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and smoking, the blood glucose variables showed no statistically significant independent contribution in predicted risk of CHD. Univariate analyses by quintiles of plasma insulin levels measured at the 5-yr reexamination showed that the incidence of “hard criteria” CHD during the subsequent 5 yr was significantly higher in the top quintiles of fasting and 1-h and 2-h postload plasma insulin than in the combined lower quintiles. Multivariate analyses showed that the value of high 1-h or 2-h postload plasma insulin level for predicting CHD risk was independent of other risk factors, including blood glucose levels during OGTT.
Fractionation of the liver membrane lipoprotein (LSP) and characterisation of its antigenic determinants by autoantibodies and a heterologous anti-serum.
Authors: M Manns, K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde
Journal: Gut (1982)

Sera from 50 patients with chronic active liver disease were investigated by radioimmunoprecipitation test for autoantibodies against human and rabbit liver membrane lipoprotein (LSP), and a human kidney equivalent protein. Twenty-one of 50 chronic active liver disease sera were positive for autoantibodies against human liver membrane lipoprotein. Eleven of 50 sera reacted with rabbit liver membrane lipoprotein and four of 50 sera with human kidney equivalent protein as well. I order to identify the antigenic determinants of these autoantibodies 125I-labelled human and rabbit liver membrane lipoprotein and human kidney equivalent protein were fractionated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Distribution of labelled antigen fractions in density gradients revealed two peaks with maximum radioactivity at 1.34 and 1.11 g/ml. Density gradient fractions were assayed for antigen activity by radioimmunoprecipitation test using autoantibody positive sera of patients with chronic active liver disease. Anti-human and anti-rabbit liver membrane lipoprotein and anti-human kidney equivalent protein positive human sera all localised their corresponding determinants in the low density fractions (1.08-1.10 g/ml). An antiserum against human liver membrane lipoprotein, raised in rabbits after short-term immunisation, recognised the low density 125I-human liver membrane lipoprotein subfraction. This serum had previously been absorbed with human kidney homogenate, plasma, and blood cells. Thus, organ-specific and non-organ specific determinants were both localised in the low density liver membrane lipoprotein subfraction. They could not be separated by the described fractionation procedure. It is to be supposed that organ-specific determinants of a low density membrane protein of hepatocytes are targets circulating autoantibodies in chronic active liver disease.
No X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Human Proteomes
Authors: Xiaoshu Chen, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The X and Y chromosomes of placental and marsupial mammals originated from a pair of autosomes. Ohno proposed that the expression levels of X-linked genes must have been doubled in males to compensate for the degeneration of their Y homologs. Recent mRNA sequencing experiments, however, found at most weak or infrequent X-chromosome dosage compensation. Nonetheless, dosage compensation need not occur at the mRNA level, because ultimately it is the protein concentration that matters. Analyzing human proteomic data from 22 tissues, we here report that X upregulation is absent at the protein level, indicating that Ohno's hypothesis is also invalid at the protein level.
CHRONIC OEDEMA OF THE FACE AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
Authors: J. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1909)

quantity for one operation), and steeped-in 1. per cent.solution of 'iodine in water for ten days.-It is usually Bterile in five days, but I say ten; for safety's sake.At' the commencement of tbe operation, skeiks of the sizes rJeq'uired are'picked out of the stock jars with sterile forceps, and placed in carbolic acida 1 in 20, till needed.This dissolves out excess of iodine, which might possibly cause irritation.The advantages of this preparation over any other variety of catgut that I know of are:1. Its preparation is extremely ismple, and can be carried out quite easily by surgeon or house-surgeon.The advan- tages of this over suture material prepared by complicated processes by instrument makers and otbers are obvious.
772-4 Intravascular Heating Facilitates Local Heparin Delivery and Attenuates Washout During Balloon Angioplasty with Hydrogel-Coated Balloons
Authors: Daniel B. Fram, Joseph F. Mitchel, Hans H. Bauer, Susan M. Ropiak, David D. Waters, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Gastroduodenal Cytomegalovirus Infection after Renal Transplantation Fiberscopic Observations
Authors: T. Kodama, S. Fukuda, T. Takino, Y. Omori, T. Oka
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Recently we experienced 2 adult post-renal transplantation cases with gastroduodenal cytomegalic inclusion body.
Sources of Discomfort in Persons With Dementia
Authors: Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Khin Thein, Marcia S. Marx, Maha Dakheel-Ali, Barbara Jensen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Current methods to assess discomfort often include ratings scales, such as the discomfort scale for Alzheimer disease, which are also used to assess pain.1,2 In this study, we take an alternative approach in which we examine the discomfort in the context of its source.
Development of a conditionally immortalized human pancreatic β cell line
Authors: Raphaël Scharfmann, Severine Pechberty, Yasmine Hazhouz, Manon von Bülow, Emilie Bricout-Neveu, Maud Grenier-Godard, Fanny Guez, Latif Rachdi, Matthias Lohmann, Paul Czernichow, Philippe Ravassard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Diabetic patients exhibit a reduction in β cells, which secrete insulin to help regulate glucose homeostasis; however, little is known about the factors that regulate proliferation of these cells in human pancreas. Access to primary human β cells is limited and a challenge for both functional studies and drug discovery progress. We previously reported the generation of a human β cell line (EndoC-βH1) that was generated from human fetal pancreas by targeted oncogenesis followed by in vivo cell differentiation in mice. EndoC-βH1 cells display many functional properties of adult β cells, including expression of β cell markers and insulin secretion following glucose stimulation; however, unlike primary β cells, EndoC-βH1 cells continuously proliferate. Here, we devised a strategy to generate conditionally immortalized human β cell lines based on Cre-mediated excision of the immortalizing transgenes. The resulting cell line (EndoC-βH2) could be massively amplified in vitro. After expansion, transgenes were efficiently excised upon Cre expression, leading to an arrest of cell proliferation and pronounced enhancement of β cell–specific features such as insulin expression, content, and secretion. Our data indicate that excised EndoC-βH2 cells are highly representative of human β cells and should be a valuable tool for further analysis of human β cells.
S61 Serial IGRA testing to identify recently acquired LTBI in contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: R Verma, H Patel, H Thuraisingam, G Woltmann, P Haldar
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have previously reported prospective data of TB risk in close contacts of tuberculosis with single step interferon gamma release assay (IGRAs) screening 8–12 weeks after index notification and shown a lower positive predictive value of the test in contacts with a higher risk of prior exposure and remote latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We hypothesised that a dynamic change in IGRA response using a two step approach may better identify recent LTBI. <h3>Method</h3> Two-step IGRA screening with QuantiFERON TB Gold-In Tube (QFT) was implemented in adult (&gt;16 years) contacts of smear positive pulmonary TB at Leicester. QFT testing was performed as soon as possible after index notification (T1) and if negative repeated after 8–12 weeks (T2). Quantitative QFT values were recorded in all contacts and in those having two tests, the change calculated. Data was mapped to the contacts’ risk of remote infection (low, moderate, high) and estimated duration of exposure to the index case based on the reported date of symptoms onset. <h3>Results</h3> 397 contacts of 46 smear positive TB cases were identified. 116 children were excluded. 49 adults did not attend for testing (17.4%). 100 contacts (43%) were QFT positive at T1. In regression analysis duration of index symptoms was independently associated with this outcome (p = 0.001). ROC curve analysis in subgroups stratified by risk of remote LTBI demonstrated the strongest association to be in the lowest risk group (AUC = 0.93, p &lt; 0.0001), with no significant association in the high risk group (AUC = 0.57, p = 0.404). 132 contacts were QFT neg at T1 and 109 returned for repeat testing. For the persistently QFT neg group the change in QFT was ± 1 log10 fold between visits. 9 (8.2%) contacts seroconverted. Two subgroups were identified based on the magnitude of change. In 4 contacts the change was within 1 log fold. In the remainder the change was ≥ 2 log fold and all in this subgroup seroconverted with 150 days of symptoms onset in the index. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Serial IGRA with ≥ 2 log10 fold change may indicate recent infection. This may be detectable in contacts of index cases with an early diagnosis.
In AF, apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism compared with warfarin, regardless of patient age
Authors: Mukul Sharma, Kanjana Perera
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Halvorsen S, Atar D, Yang H, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;Feb 20 [Epub ahead of print]. 24561548
Mutations in the chromatin modifier gene KANSL1 cause the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: David A Koolen, Jamie M Kramer, Kornelia Neveling, Willy M Nillesen, Heather L Moore-Barton, Frances V Elmslie, Annick Toutain, Jeanne Amiel, Valérie Malan, Anne Chun-Hui Tsai, Sau Wai Cheung, Christian Gilissen, Eugene T P Verwiel, Sarah Martens, Ton Feuth, Ernie M H F Bongers, Petra de Vries, Hans Scheffer, Lisenka E L M Vissers, Arjan P M de Brouwer, Han G Brunner, Joris A Veltman, Annette Schenck, Helger G Yntema, Bert B A de Vries
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
P177The clinical, angiographic characteristics and the 24-month prognosis of Korean patients with vasospastic angina
Authors: D I Shin, M H Jung, I J Choi, J S Yu, S H Baek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Vasospastic angina (VA) has been reported to be more frequent in the East than in the West. However, in Korea, a grand scale analysis has not been done yet. We planned to set the multi-center registry for Korean VA. Methods: Total 11 centers of 9 universities participated in prospective, web-based VA-KOREA (Vasospastic Angina in KOREA) registry and the enrollment of patients newly diagnosed as VA using same diagnostic protocol started in July 2010. We only used intracoronary ergonovine, not acetylcholine, in provocation. Positive result of the provocation is defined as development of total or subtotal occlusion accompanied by angina and/or ECG changes. We got information about medical history, laboratory and angiographic findings, treatment, and prognosis. In this analysis, we determined the clinical, angiographic characteristics and prognosis using data-sets of VA-KOREA. Results: A total of 2107 patients were enrolled to the registry. 432 patients (20.5%) demonstrated positive result on provocation and 693 patients (32.9%) showed negative. In positive group, the numbers of male and current smokers were higher than in negative group (p<0.05). Baseline hsCRP and triglyceride were higher in positive group (0.9±0.2 vs 0.6±0.4 mg/dL, 151.8±98.6 vs 129.3±86.1 mg/dL, p<0.05). In angiographic analysis for 432 "positive", multi-vessel spasm occurred in 106 patients (24.5%). Right coronary artery (RCA) was the most common coronary artery for provoked spasm (58.1%). Diffuse type of spasm is more frequent than focal type (65.9% vs 34.1%). Out of 634 coronary segments on which spasm was provoked, 365 segments (57.6%) were associated with minimal fixed atherosclerosis. The most frequently prescribed drug was diltiazem (347, 80.3%). During the 24-month follow-up (mean 26.7±9.4 months), 23.7% of patients had re-hospitalization or visited to emergency room due to repeated angina. However, the rate of cardiac death was very low (0.9%). Additionally, the cumulative incidences of newly developed acute coronary syndrome and arrhythmia were only 1.9% and 1.1%. Conclusions: In clinical and angiographic analysis, positive group had more male, smokers, and higher baseline hsCRP. Positive rate of ergonovine provocation was 20.5% and RCA was the most common artery for coronary spasm. Coronary spasm was more frequently provoked on the segment with minimal stenosis than on the segment without atherosclerosis. During the 24-month follow up, the prognosis was excellent by conventional medical treatments. The VA-KOREA registry will be helpful for the establishment of clinical guidelines for VA.