tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Actions of disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Authors: E Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1981)

sprinters lack stamina, but I imagine that no one would question their cardiopulmonary fitness-while in training.I am also worried by the modified physical fitness index, as this fails to take account of the resting pulse rate.Surely a formula based on percentage increase over resting rate at two, five, and 10 minutes would seem more reasonable, since the normal resting pulse rate can vary from the 40s to the 90s at least-or does a naturally slow pulse rate confer a fitness advantage ?Interestingly, Lieutenant-ColonelPearn referred to Zatopek's fitness index of 172; he was a distance runner with a resting pulse rate of about 40 per minute.But I wonder how Zatopek would have fared on the squash court, where explosive bursts of energy are required, or in gymnastics, in which a completely different sort of fitness and body control is demanded, or in the swimming pool.He certainly would have been
Nutrient Intake in a Partly Westernized Isolated Polynesian Population: The Funafuti Survey
Authors: Julie Wicking, Helen Ringrose, Sunny Whitehouse, Paul Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Dietary data were obtained from 110 adult Polynesians (indigenous Funafutians) during a diabetes epidemiologic survey in Tuvalu. Funafuti (the main island of Tuvalu) was chosen as representative of partly urbanized population that has seen progressive socioeconomic changes in the previous 30 yr. The distribution of calories in the Funafuti diet is almost identical to that reported in the urbanized Micronesian population of Nauru and in Caucasian populations. Prevalence of diabetes was found to be five times higher than that reported in caucasian populations. Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension was 11% (equal to Caucasian figures), whereas hypertension is virtually unknown in traditional-living populations. Prevalence of diabetes, and degree of obesity, is significantly greater in women than in men. It is possible that this Polynesian group may have a genetic susceptibility to diabetes, which may have been unmasked by change from a traditional to western life-style. Marked obesity is now a characteristic of many Polynesian and Micronesian populations, and must rank as a major causative factor for the diabetes and hypertension explosion.
The Potential Role of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Infectious Disease Epidemics and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Mary J. Gilchrist, Christina Greko, David B. Wallinga, George W. Beran, David G. Riley, Peter S. Thorne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The industrialization of livestock production and the widespread use of nontherapeutic antimicrobial growth promotants has intensified the risk for the emergence of new, more virulent, or more resistant microorganisms. These have reduced the effectiveness of several classes of antibiotics for treating infections in humans and livestock. Recent outbreaks of virulent strains of influenza have arisen from swine and poultry raised in close proximity. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, considered the state of the science around these issues and concurred with the World Health Organization call for a phasing-out of the use of antimicrobial growth promotants for livestock and fish production. We also agree that all therapeutic antimicrobial agents should be available only by prescription for human and veterinary use. Concern about the risk of an influenza pandemic leads us to recommend that regulations be promulgated to restrict the co-location of swine and poultry concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on the same site and to set appropriate separation distances.
The Histogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: J. B. Hazard
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This monograph is based upon an exceptionally broad spectrum of studies of malignant thyroid tumors. The series of 368 neoplasms, carcinomas and sarcomas (from the Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest), provides an adequate source for the review of morphologic pathology and the application of the wide range of clinical and special investigations. The results are expressed in unusually complete detail. In addition the physiology of the thyroid gland is concisely presented early in the text.  The illustrations for all aspects of the study include electron photomicrographs, chromatograms, and radioautographs as well as numerous conventional photomicrographs; charts and tables are abundantly used to summarize the results of the study. A list of 368 selective references completes the volume.  The author, highly competent and experienced in the field of thyroid disease, has provided an almost overwhelming abundance of detail. Despite the volume of material presented, it is impossible, for this reviewer at least,
Walking and Sports Participation and Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
Authors: Hiroyuki Noda, Hiroyasu Iso, Hideaki Toyoshima, Chigusa Date, Akio Yamamoto, Shogo Kikuchi, Akio Koizumi, Takaaki Kondo, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Yasuhiko Wada, Yutaka Inaba, Akiko Tamakoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Large-Volume Paracentesis in Outpatients
Authors: Atulkumar S. Patel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1989Large-Volume Paracentesis in OutpatientsAtulkumar S. Patel, MD, Stuart C. Gordon, MDAtulkumar S. Patel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Stuart C. Gordon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-4-325_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The results of recent studies (1) have documented the safety and efficacy of large-volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites. Previously, however, such patients were generally hospitalized at least overnight to assure hemodynamic stability. Recent constraints imposed by high occupancy rates in our hospital have allowed us to do this procedure in an outpatient setting.For a 16-month period, we did 41 paracenteses in 17 patients with refractory ascites. Patients were selected because of respiratory compromise or generalized discomfort. Nine men and eight women aged 31 to 76 years (mean age, 62) were treated. The cause...Reference1. Schiff E. Paracentesis: a safe and effective form of therapy. Hepatology. 1987;7:591-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Atulkumar S. Patel, MD; Stuart C. Gordon, MDAffiliations: William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, MI 48072 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byParacentesis evacuadora domiciliaria en cuidados paliativos realizada por profesionales de atención primaria. Presentación de un casoValoración de la utilidad y eficacia de un hospital de día en un servicio de patología digestivaOutpatient treatment of ascites with large-volume paracentesisLiver Diseases in the Elderly 15 February 1989Volume 110, Issue 4Page: 325-326KeywordsAscitesHemodynamicsOutpatient clinicsOutpatientsSafetySafety studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopic management of bile duct stones; (apples and oranges).
Authors: P B Cotton
Journal: Gut (1984)

Leading articleEndoscopic management of bile duct stones; (apples and oranges)The 10th birthday of endoscopic sphincterotomy recently followed closely upon the centennial of the first cholecystectomy.The >50 000 sphinc- terotomies already performed are an eloquent testimony for the techniques and its pioneers.'Acceptance has been grudging in some quarters, but few could now argue convincingly against its use -for example, in frail and elderly patients with stones retained after cholecystectomy.In general endoscopic treatment is simpler and cheaper than surgery and is preferred by patients.Rather than discuss indications for endoscopic treatment, its protagonists can argue that it is for surgeons to justify the use of an operative approach.What, if any, are the indications for surgical exploration of the duct?Such statements are provocative.Endoscopic techniques would probably not have been developed so quickly and effectively without some element of competition, but uncritical argument is not productive.The endoscopic honeymoon should give way to more sober consideration.The young bucks have proved their virility; indeed some may now feel it threatened by the clinical burden which they have placed on their own backs.Many have learnt that there are limits to their skills and that surgeons can also do remarkable things.There is a basic obligation to work together to establish the real indications for the different methods.Patients with symptomatic duct stones want to know the chances of success, and.both the short and long term risks of endoscopic and operative treatments.The paper from Toulouse in this issue of Gut is a welcome addition to the developing literature.Unfortunately, virtually all reports deal with selected patients who are not defined in sufficient detail.The spectrum of patients referred to surgeons and endoscopists is not the same, nor should it be.Failure to appreciate this has led to many futile arguments; those who try to compare apples and oranges are destined to trip over bananas.This problem of non-comparable data will inevitably increase as indications are better defined; the hazards of surgery will appear to lessen as patients carrying the highest risk are deflected for endoscopic treatment.Figures from a single institution using both methods are of considerable interest,2 but some randomised studies are essential.It would be much easier to detect factors which really predict outcome and therefore to define indications, if all workers in this field used similar documentation.Some of the points to be considered are discussed.(This review excludes patients with T-tube drains, for whom other methods are available.)Factors influencing the choice of treatment SUCCESS RATES FOR ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT Success rates of over 95% are reported, but these data need careful 587
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Patients with Diabetes — Enemy or Innocent Visitor?
Authors: Vincent T. Andriole
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The application of quantitative bacteriology to urine cultures almost five decades ago led to prospective scientific investigations of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections.1 Numerous studies have evaluated the frequency of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in men and women with diabetes.2,3 The early studies showed no significant difference in the prevalence of bacteriuria between men with diabetes and men without diabetes. In contrast, the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is two to three times as high among women with diabetes as among women without diabetes, and the frequency of symptomatic urinary tract infections is higher . . .
THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE IN PANHYPOPITUITARISM 1
Authors: Frederic C. Bartter, Paul Fourman, Fuller Albright, Anne P. Forbes, William McK. Jefferies, Grace Griswold, Eleanor Dempsey, Dorothy Bryant, Evelyn Carroll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The changes in Ca are taken to represent and Evans reproduced the loss of Ca.Further- changes in bone, and one might anticipate cor-more, in Cushing's syndrome, which is thought to responding changes in P (13).Whether these be due to an overproduction of sugar hormone changes in calcium excretion are to be attributed (14), osteoporosis (15) is a prominent feature.to ACTH or to the contaminating pitressin is not While osteoporosis is developing one expects hy- clear since there were similar changes when pitrespercalcuria due to decreased bone formation in the sin was given alone (Figure 3).On the other presence of continued bone resorption.Charac- hand, the electrophoretically pure ACTH of Li teristically, the serum Ca, P and alkaline phos- TABLEV Metabolic data for experiment 2 Calcium Phosphorus Nitrogen Sodium Potassium mg.24 hr.mg /24 hr.gm.*24 hr.
Development and validation of a health-related quality of life instrument for women with melasma
Authors: R. Balkrishnan, A.J. Mcmichael, F.T. Camacho, F. Saltzberg, T.S. Housman, S. Grummer, S.R. Feldman, M.-M. Chren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Melasma can have significant emotional and psychological effects on those affected with the condition. In the past, the impact of melasma on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) has been assessed using general measures of skin disease that equally weigh both the physical and psychosocial distress arising from the presence of a dermatological condition. Objectives Our purpose was to develop and validate a disease‐specific HRQoL instrument to identify the areas of the patient's life most impaired by melasma as well as the effects of the condition on their level of functioning in correlation with disease severity: the Melasma Quality of Life scale (MELASQOL). Patients and methods A random sample of 102 women identified by an investigator as having melasma were evaluated by the investigator using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). The patients were then anonymously surveyed with the SKINDEX‐16, the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), a skin discoloration evaluation questionnaire, and a measure of perceived life quality difference without melasma. The 10‐item MELASQOL scale was devised from the comprehensive HRQoL assessment battery. Results The psychometric properties of the MELASQOL were comparable with the properties of the DLQI and the SKINDEX‐16. The MELASQOL scores were highly correlated with the other HRQoL measures. The discriminatory ability of the MELASQOL is superior to the SKINDEX‐16 and the DLQI for melasma. The three life domains most adversely affected by melasma (social life, recreation/leisure and emotional well‐being) were highlighted by this instrument. These were the same three areas of life that patients believed would improve the most if they no longer were affected by the disease. Conclusions The MELASQOL can be used to evaluate objectively the effect of melasma on a patient's HRQoL. The high correlation with the DLQI, the SKINDEX‐16 and the skin discoloration questionnaire suggests that the new scale is a valid instrument, which can be used to monitor the level of impairment individuals suffer due to their melasma. The MELASQOL scores can help guide treatment methods as well as track the improvement of patients' HRQoL.
Medical Care and Public Health in California
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Public health, based on the science of epidemiology, is concerned with all of the factors that influence the occurrence and outcome of disease. Medical care, with recent advances in medical science, has become one of the important factors in determining the outcome of disease. Although the great debate on medical care focused on the economic aspects of the problem, the popular interest was probably motivated by recognition that medical care can now save many lives and avoid or minimize much disability. The health potential of medical care, rather than its cost, probably underlies the tremendous concern of the American people for obtaining it. Amounts and methods of payment, and how and by whom the money shall be raised, have been obstacles to achieving something good for health. Unfortunately, the obstacle, rather than the goal, has attracted the principal attention. Now that the major decisions on payment have been made, the
Do some marathon runners bleed into the gut?
Authors: A M Porter
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Resultats d'interrogatoires et d'examens avant et apres la course chez de nombreux coureurs de marathon. 1 seul sur 299 a observe spontanement une coloration noire des selles apres l'epreuve, mais 3 sur 39 ont presente a l'analyse du sang dans les selles apres mais non avant la course. Le saignement intestinal ne semble donc pas rare au cours du marathon
Wells'syndrome: a pathogenic role for circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>CD7<sup>−</sup>T cells expressing interleukin-5 mRNA
Authors: H. YAGI, Y. TOKURA, K. MATSUSHITA, K. HANAOKA, F. FURUKAWA, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Wells' syndrome, or eosinophilic cellulitis, is a rare dermatosis characterized histologically by a dermal infiltrate of eosinophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes between collagen bundles and amorphous or granular eosinophilic deposits on collagen, constituting flame figures. We report a 54-year-old woman with eosinophilic cellulitis whose peripheral blood showed a marked eosinophilia and a high proportion of CD4+CD7- cells before treatment. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that CD4+CD7- cells, but neither CD4+CD7+ nor CD4-CD8+ cells, in the circulating mononuclear cells expressed mRNA for interleukin (IL)-5, the major cytokine involved in eosinophilia. The proportion of CD4+CD7- cells decreased, and expression of mRNA for IL-5 disappeared in the peripheral blood, when the disease was treated by the administration of intravenous recombinant interferon-gamma. These findings suggest that circulating CD4+CD7- T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic cellulitis by producing IL-5.
Letter by Schinkel et al Regarding Article, “Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients With Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study”
Authors: Arend F.L. Schinkel, Manolis Bountioukos, Don Poldermans, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Circulation (2006)
GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera regulates cytokine-dependent growth of hematopoietic cells through accumulation of p21WAF1 and p27Kip1 proteins
Authors: Sachiko Ezoe, Itaru Matsumura, Soichi Nakata, Karin Gale, Katsuhiko Ishihara, Naoko Minegishi, Takashi Machii, Toshio Kitamura, Masayuki Yamamoto, Tariq Enver, Yuzuru Kanakura
Journal: Blood (2002)
Endothelium-derived free radicals: for worse and for better
Authors: Paul M. Vanhoutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

In a recent issue of the JCI, Matoba et al. (1) argue that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) acts as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in small mesenteric arteries of the mouse. Their data are convincing, and if their conclusion is correct, H2O2 now joins nitric oxide (NO) (2, 3), superoxide anions (4), and potassium ions (5) on the list of small inorganic molecules that carry regulatory messages from the endothelium to vascular smooth muscle cells and so contribute to intercellular signaling in the vascular wall. The effect of H2O2 adds another layer to our already complex description of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (Figure ​(Figure1;1; see refs. 6–8).



Figure 1

Multiplicity of mechanisms leading to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. The mechanism proposed by Matoba et al. (1) is highlighted. Substances such as acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), and substance P (SP), through the activation of M3-muscarinic, ...
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: X. Internal Medicine Residency and Fellowship Training: 1985 Update
Authors: MICHAEL W. COX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The number of medical school graduates entering internal medicine residency training was at an all-time high in 1984-85. Although the number of first-year residents who were foreign-trained physicians did not differ greatly from the 1983-84 census, the number of first-year residents who were U.S. medical school graduates was much higher than the previous year largely because the number of graduates from U.S. medical schools increased substantially in 1984. The number of internal medicine fellowship programs and the number of fellows in 1984-85 were also at an all-time high. Foreign-trained physicians represent 22% of those in residency training and 20% of those in fellowship training. Of every 100 who completed residency training, 61 went on to a first year of subspecialty fellowship training, a number up slightly from the previous year. The increasing numbers of residents and fellows being trained in internal medicine, combined with the preference for subspecialization and the substantial proportion of foreign-trained physicians being trained, are discussed against the background of pending legislation to reduce federal assistance for graduate medical education.
Highly purified murine interleukin 5 (IL-5) stimulates eosinophil function and prolongs in vitro survival. IL-5 as an eosinophil chemotactic factor.
Authors: Y Yamaguchi, Y Hayashi, Y Sugama, Y Miura, T Kasahara, S Kitamura, M Torisu, S Mita, A Tominaga, K Takatsu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The recent molecular cloning of the complementary DNA encoding T cell--replacing factor (TRF) has demonstrated that a single molecule is responsible for B cell growth factor II (BCGF-II) activity and eosinophil differentiation activity. It has been proposed that this molecule be called interleukin 5 (IL-5). We previously reported that purified rIL-5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophilic precursors. In this study, we examined the effects of IL-5 on functional activities of mature eosinophils. IL-5 maintained the viability of mature eosinophils obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of mice infected with parasites. It also induced superoxide anion production in a dose-dependent manner. The Boyden's chamber Millipore assay revealed that IL-5 had a marked chemokinetic effect on eosinophils in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, IL-5 was found to be an eosinophil chemotactic factor by the checkerboard assay. In conclusion, IL-5 is suggested to play an important role in increasing the functional activities of eosinophils as well as their production in allergic and parasitic diseases.
Ultrasonic nebulized in comparison with instilled surfactant treatment of preterm lambs.
Authors: M D Henry, C M Rebello, M Ikegami, A H Jobe, E G Langenback, J M Davis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To evaluate the efficiency and distribution of ultrasonic nebulized versus instilled surfactant in the treatment of surfactant deficiency at varying degrees of maturation, twin or triplet lamb fetuses were delivered at 125 to 137 d gestational age and received nebulized natural surfactant (Neb Only), instilled surfactant followed by a second instilled dose (Inst/Inst), instilled surfactant followed by nebulized surfactant (Inst/Neb), or no surfactant (Control). The lambs were ventilated for 6 h. Twenty-eight lambs were categorized into two groups (low compliance versus moderate compliance) based on initial physiologic lung characteristics. Efficiency of deposition of nebulized surfactant directly correlated with the compliances and ventilatory efficiency indices measured at 15 min of age. The low-compliance group (Low Comp) had significantly lower efficiency of surfactant deposition (7.6 +/- 1.6%) than did the moderate-compliance group (Mod Comp) (23.4 +/- 2.5%) (p < 0.01). Overall, instilled surfactant had a reasonably homogeneous distribution, whereas nebulized surfactant had a less homogeneous distribution, except for the Low Comp, Inst/Neb group, which had a distribution pattern similar to that for instilled surfactant. The potential for nebulized surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may be limited by the nonhomogeneous nature of ventilation in the preterm lung.