tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Succinylcholine in E.C.T
Authors: D. J. Adderley, M. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1953)

In recent years it has been possible to apply electric convulsion therapy to a wider range of cases than pre- viously, with the aid of curare-like substances to weaken the muscular spasms of the convulsion.For the specific requirements of E.C.T. the newly introduced short- acting group of muscle relaxants is particularly appro- priate.This paper deals with the practical problems that arise during this type of treatment and the methods of dealing with them.Certain theoretical problems are also discussed.The contraindications to convulsion therapy, in other- wise suitable patients, are usually classified into two groups: those due to the effects of the convulsion itself -for example, damage to bones, damage to tuberculous lesions in the lung-and those due to the strain on the cardiovascular system, particularly incipient heart failure and hypertension.Since depression, for which E.C.T. is usually given, becomes more common with increasing ,age, hypertension becomes the most frequent contra- indication to treatment.There has been much discus- sion on this problem.Kraemer (1950) measured the blood pressure immediately before the shock, and 2, 5, 10, 30, and 50 minutes afterwards.The average rise of pressure was 40/10 mm.Within 10 minutes it had returned to normal.He concluded that moderate hyper- tension was not a contraindication to E.C.T.In some preliminary measurements we found that the B.P. is extremely variable, undergoing a number of phasic *changes during different stages of the convulsion and immediately afterwards.Eyman and Morris (1950) discussed fatalities asso- ciated with E.C.T., and emphasized the risks of cardiac abnormality.They recommend that an E.C.G. should be taken before treatment is given wherever cardiac involvement is known or suspected.On the other hand, Piette (1950), who agrees that most of the fatalities are due to cardiac failure, thought that in such cases there may often be no clinical or E.C.G. abnormality in the cardiovascular apparatus.This is in agreement with Bankhead, Torrens, and Harris (1950), who state that cardiac reactions are due to overactivity of the vagus, and are of the opinion that they can be eliminated by premedication with atropine.There is no doubt that E.C.T. produces a rise in blood pressure, although this is of fairly short duration.In practice very few fatalities have occurred, but the possibility cannot be excluded that this is partly because of the caution exercised by physicians in the selection of cases for treatment.The use of relaxants in E.C.T. has been recommended ,on the grounds that it reduces the strain on the heart produced by the convulsion, so that the presence of hypertension can be regarded as an indication for their use.It was therefore decided to investigate the changes
Recognition and capture of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells using aptamer-conjugated quantum dots and magnetic particles
Authors: Fu-Bing Wang, Yuan Rong, Min Fang, Jing-Ping Yuan, Chun-Wei Peng, Shao-Ping Liu, Yan Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Metastatic recurrence is the most important biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the main cause of treatment failure. Early prediction of metastasis is currently impossible due to the lack of specific molecular probes to recognize metastatic HCC cells. Aptamers have recently emerged as promising potential molecular probes for biomedical applications. Two well-matched HCC cell lines including HCCLM9 with high metastatic potential and MHCC97-L with low metastatic potential, were used to select aptamers for HCC metastasis. With a whole-cell-SELEX strategy, in which HCCLM9 cells were used as target cells and MHCC97-L cells as subtractive cell, 6 potential aptamers had been generated. Detailed study on selected aptamer LY-1 revealed that it could bind metastatic HCC cells with high affinity and specificity, not only in cells culture and animal models of HCC metastasis, but also in clinical HCC specimens. Moreover, the aptamer LY-1 and magnetic particles conjugates could efficiently capture the HCC cells from complex mixture whole blood. These studies demonstrated that this HCC specific aptamer LY-1 could be a promising molecular probe to recognize metastatic HCC cells.
The Increasing Supply of Physicians, the Changing Structure of the Health-Services System, and the Future Practice of Medicine
Authors: Alvin R. Tarlov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

This paper describes the social processes that promoted a doubling of the capacity of the medical schools between 1965 and 1980 and a projected doubling of the number of actively practicing physicians between 1970 and 2000. This rapid increase in the supply of physicians is analyzed within the framework of other forces for change in the health-care system. Health care in the 1990s will be provided within a more formalized and structured health-services system. Medical practice will be affected greatly.In this presentation facts will be presented and observable trends will be described. Changes in the characteristics of the overall . . .
Authors' response: hyperoxia in acute asthma
Authors: Kyle Perrin, Meme Wijesinghe, Mark Weatherall, Richard Beasley
Journal: Thorax (2012)

We appreciate the comments by Snelson and Tunnicliffe1 regarding our study of the effects of high concentration oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of asthma.2 We concur with the view that the effect of high concentration oxygen therapy on arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) is not clinically relevant in all patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute severe asthma. However, we consider that the 3.9-fold …
Psychotherapy as Aid for Development
Authors: E.M. Hoch
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

With a background of 14 years of psychiatric activity in India, the author examines whether psychotherapy as 'aid for development' has significance not only for the individual, but also, in a collective sense, for a 'developing country'. Though theoretically the question can be positively answered, any practical implementation comes up against numerous material, personal and ideological obstacles. Means of communication and therapeutic methods adequate for little-emancipated, often illiterate patients, and criteria for selection of suitable cases are discussed. Not only the developing country, but also the therapist himself is likely to gain through psychotherapeutic activity in a setting of this kind.
Synthetic Vasopressin and Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Anna R. Spiegelman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. George X. Trimble in his Critique &amp; Cavil item regarding the use of synthetic vasopressin (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:828 [March 14] 1964) notes that one must be "very wary in assigning a cause and effect relationship to a drug reaction on the basis of one case report." He states further that his attention was attracted when he read that a patient suffered a "fatal coronary attack after seven months of nasal vasopressin therapy" (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>: 657 [May 25] 1963). I would like to review the facts as follows: The case report stated that the patient had had a coarctation of the aorta which was corrected surgically in 1956. This coarctation was discovered when the patient complained of continuous headaches and investigation disclosed severe hypertension. After surgical correction, the blood pressure fell to normal and remained so until his death in July, 1962. The previous severe hypertension in
Sildenafil Citrate for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bronwyn G.A. Stuckey, Mauricio N. Jadzinsky, Liam J. Murphy, Francesco Montorsi, Ates Kadioglu, Fadlo Fraige, Pilar Manzano, Chaicharn Deerochanawong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—In the 5–10% of diabetic men with type 1 diabetes, erectile dysfunction (ED) may be a particularly common and unwanted complication. This is the first study focusing exclusively on the effects of sildenafil in men with type 1 diabetes and ED. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 188 patients were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, flexible-dose study and were randomized to receive sildenafil (25–100 mg; n = 95) or placebo (n = 93) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using questions three (Q3; achieving an erection) and four (Q4; maintaining an erection) from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a global efficacy question (GEQ; “Did treatment improve your erections?”), and a patient event log of sexual activity. RESULTS—Improvements in mean scores from baseline to end-of-treatment for IIEF Q3 (35.7 vs. 19.9%) and Q4 (68.4 vs. 26.5%) were significant in patients receiving sildenafil compared with those receiving placebo (P = 0.0001). Moreover, the percent of improved erections (GEQ, 66.6 vs. 28.6%) and successful intercourse attempts (63 vs. 33%) was significantly increased with sildenafil compared with placebo. Improvements in sexual function were seen irrespective of the degree of ED severity. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity, with headache (20 vs. 8%), flushing (18 vs. 3%), and dyspepsia (8 vs. 1%) reported more often in the sildenafil than in placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS—Treatment with sildenafil for ED was effective, resulting in an increased percentage of successful attempts at intercourse, and was well tolerated among men with type 1 diabetes.
Subclasses IgA1 and IgA2 in serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis and reactive synovitis of local origin.
Authors: Z Hrncir, M Tichy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Subclasses IgA1 and IgA2 in serum were examined in 40 patients (28 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and 12 cases of reactive synovitis of local origin) and also in synovial fluid of the knee joint in 17 of these patients. The levels of IgA1 and IgA2 in serum were statistically significantly higher than in synovial fluid in both groups of patients (P = 0.0237--0.0018), but significant correlations between serum and synovial fluid for IgA1 (R = 0.8855, P = 0.0010) and for IgA2 (r = 0.7630, P = 0.0124) were found only in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. A percentage evaluation revealed a significant disproportion (P = 0.0028) in favour of IgA1 in synovial fluid during rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis of proportions of IgA subclasses and rheumatoid factor has shown no significant relationships.
Passive smoking in utero: its effects on neonatal appearance.
Authors: H F Stirling, J E Handley, A W Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Smoking causes changes in the appearance of adults and has profound effects on the fetus, but little is known about its effects on the appearance of newborn infants. Two colour photographs (face and whole body) of 15 newborn infants (seven born to mothers who had smoked during pregnancy and eight born to mothers who had not) were shown to 100 medical and nursing staff, who in a double blind trial were asked to identify which babies had been born to smokers. The mean number correctly identified was 9.1, which was significant compared with the number expected by random selection (7.5). No specific features were identified that distinguished the two groups of infants; selection was intuitive. Nevertheless, the fact that differences can be detected in some way may be useful for antismoking health education.
MAST CELL SENSITIZING ANTIBODY (MCSAb) RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTAL CANDIDIASIS: CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES
Authors: N. VARDINON, E. SEGAL, J. SCHWARTZ, E. EYLAN
Journal: Allergy (1975)

A single dose of the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans (CA), mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), and inoculated into guinea-pig foot-pads, provoked the productions of homologous mast cell sensitizing antibodies (MCSAb) present in the psiI-globulin fraction only, and of agglutinins localized in the same fraction. Heterologous MCSAb and skin-sensitizing antibodies detectable by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were constantly absent. These facts are in contradiction to results of previous experiments performed with other antigens; which after similar inoculation elicited production of heterologous MCSAb attaching themselves on rat mast cells (MC) and present in the psi2 fast moving globulin, homologous MCSAb localized in the psiI-globulin and in the psi2 fast moving globulin, and PCA antibodies. The immunogenicity of CA is discussed.
Prophylactic Fluconazole in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Drew J. Winston, Anita Pakrasi, Ronald W. Busuttil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Among persons who receive solid organ transplants, liver transplant recipients have the highest incidence of invasive fungal infection; however, no antifungal prophylaxis has been proven to be effective. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic fluconazole in liver transplant recipients. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: University-affiliated transplantation center. Patients: 212 liver transplant recipients who received fluconazole (400 mg/d) or placebo until 10 weeks after transplantation. Measurements: Fungal colonization, proven superficial or invasive fungal infection, drug-related side effects, and death. Results: Fungal colonization increased in patients who received placebo (from 60% to 90%) but decreased in patients who received fluconazole (from 70% to 28%). Proven fungal infection occurred in 45 of 104 placebo recipients (43%) but in only 10 of 108 fluconazole recipients (9%) (P < 0.001). Fluconazole prevented both superficial infection (29 of 104 placebo recipients became infected [28%] compared with 4 of 108 fluconazole recipients [4%]; P < 0.001) and invasive infection (24 of 104 placebo recipients became infected [23%] compared with 6 of 108 fluconazole recipients [6%]; P < 0.001). Fluconazole prevented infection by most Candida species, except C. glabrata. However, infection and colonization by organisms intrinsically resistant to fluconazole did not seem to increase. Fluconazole was not associated with any hepatotoxicity. Patients receiving fluconazole had higher serum cyclosporine levels and more adverse neurologic events (headaches, tremors, or seizures in 13 fluconazole recipients compared with 3 placebo recipients; P = 0.01). Although the overall mortality rate was similar in both groups (12 of 108 [11%] in the fluconazole group compared with 15 of 104 [14%] in the placebo group; P > 0.2), fewer deaths related to invasive fungal infection were seen in the fluconazole group (2 of 108 patients [2%]) than in the placebo group (13 of 104 patients [13%]) (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Prophylactic fluconazole after liver transplantation decreases fungal colonization, prevents superficial and invasive fungal infections, and has no appreciable hepatotoxicity. Although fluconazole prophylaxis is associated with fewer deaths from fungal infection, it does not improve overall survival. Patients receiving prophylactic fluconazole require close monitoring of serum cyclosporine levels to avoid neurologic toxicity.
Frontal and executive dysfunction is a central aspect of ADHD
Authors: Ximena Carrasco, Vladimir López, Francisco Aboitiz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

in the target article, sagvolden and collaborators propose that attentional-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is the result of a general behavioral deficit which is mainly caused by a hypofunctioning mesolimbic dopaminergic system. although we partly agree with this view, we think that it tends to overlook the dysfunction of prefrontal and frontostriatal executive functions by considering them to be a consequence of alterations in reward and extinction mechanisms. rather, we believe that adhd is the result of an overall cognitive and behavioral condition, associated to a generalized dopaminergic network dysfunction, and may not be easily attributable to a single basic behavioral function.
Evaluation of a New Topical Agent for Burn Therapy
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Silver sulfadiazine is a new topical antimicrobial agent that is used effectively to prevent and treat sepsis in patients with second- and third-degree burns. Because of its low toxicity, relative freedom from complications, and wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, silver sulfadiazine represents an advance in the pharmacologic management of the burned patient. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1184-1185, 1974)
Impact of viral amino acid substitutions and host interleukin-28b polymorphism on replication and susceptibility to interferon of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Nobuhiko Hiraga, Hiromi Abe, Michio Imamura, Masataka Tsuge, Shoichi Takahashi, Nelson C. Hayes, Hidenori Ochi, Chise Tateno, Katsutoshi Yoshizato, Yusuke Nakamura, Naoyuki Kamatani, Kazuaki Chayama
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Amino acid (aa) substitutions of core 70 and 91 and in the NS5A (nonstructural protein 5A) interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) as well as genetic polymorphisms in the host interleukin-28B (IL28B) locus affect the outcome of interferon (IFN)-based therapies for patients with chronic hepatitis C. The combination of these factors and the quasispecies nature of the virus complicate understanding of the underlying mechanism. Using infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b clone HCV-KT9, we introduced substitutions at both core aa70 (Arg to Gln) and aa91 (Leu to Met). We also introduced four and nine ISDR aa substitutions into core mutant HCV-KT9. Using human hepatocyte chimeric mice with different IL28B genotypes, we examined the infectivity, replication ability, and susceptibility to IFN of these clones. Although aa substitutions in the ISDR significantly impaired infectivity and replication ability of the virus, core aa70 and 91 substitutions did not. The effect of IFN treatment was similar in core wild-type and mutant viruses. Interestingly, virus titer was significantly higher in mice with the favorable IL28B allele (rs8099917 TT and rs12979860 CC) in the transplanted hepatocytes than in mice with hepatocytes from rs8099917 TG and rs12979860 TT donors (P < 0.001). However, the effect of IFN was significantly greater, and intrahepatic expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes were significantly higher in mice with the favorable IL28B allele.Our data suggest that HCV replication levels and response to IFN are affected by human hepatocyte IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphism genotype and mutations in the ISDR. The mechanism underlying the clinically observed association of wild-type core protein in eradication-favorable host cells should be investigated further.
Abstract 2993: Comparison of copy number variation using exome sequencing and affymetrix SNP6.0 genotype array in human cancer cell lines
Authors: Jian Wang, Thompson N. Doman, Xiwen Ma, Dan S. Li, Amit Aggarwal, Yong G. Yue, Richard E. Higgs, Thomas D. Barber
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Whole exome sequencing has been used successfully as a cost effective and unbiased method in the detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the coding regions of the human genome. Its application in identifying another class of genetic variability - copy number variation (CNV) - has been hindered by numerous factors including inconsistent exome capture probe specificity and efficiency for the target regions, discontinuous targets, and variable exon lengths etc. In the current work, we applied ExomeCNV, a depth-of-coverage based statistical analysis method developed by Sathirapongsauti et. al., to exome NGS data from a larger collection of cancer cell lines. The exomes were captured using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon Kit and sequenced on the average depth of 70x using the Illumina HiSeq platform. To control for sequence coverage biases introduced by the capture technology, CNVs for each cancer cell line are presented as a ratio to a baseline control constructed using pooled samples processed in the same manner. Genotyping arrays are standard methods of choice for CNV discovery in cancer cell lines from the Cancer Genome Project by the Sanger Institute and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia project by the Broad Institute. We obtained Affymetrix SNP6.0 genotype data for the cancer cell lines from these two sources. CNVs detected from exome sequencing were compared with those discovered from genotyping arrays in the same set of cancer cell lines. We present here a comprehensive comparison of the cancer cell line gene copy number determination from exome sequencing and genotyping methods. Our results indicate that, with sufficient exome coverage and properly constructed controls, copy number detection using exome data is a valuable alternative to genotype based approach. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2993. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2993
942 LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER VARICEAL BLEEDING: INFLUENCE OF EARLY EVENTS AND EVENTUAL RETURN TO THE COMPENSATED STAGE OF CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Poca, A. Puente, I. Graupera, V. Hernández-Gea, A. Colomo, J. Llaó, M. Concepción, J. Miñana, C. Aracil, C. Guarner, C. Villanueva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
488 IDENTIFICATION OF THE RT-R41K/SHB-D33N EXCHANGE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS ASSOCIATED POLYARTERITIS NODOSA BY FULL-LENGTH GENOME ANALYSIS
Authors: J. Verheyen, A. Sagir, B. Beggel, L. Guillevin, D. Blondin, D. Häussinger, A. Erhardt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
UK allows insurers to use gene test for Huntington's disease
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The United Kingdom has become the first country to give official approval for the use of results from genetic tests for Huntington's disease for insurance purposes.

An advisory committee to the governmentthe Genetics and Insurance Committeelast week reported that the reliability and relevance of two genetic tests for Huntington's disease are sufficient for insurance companies to use the results when assessing applications for life insurance.

The approval was given in response to an application from the professional body representing the insurance industry, the Association of British Insurers, to use information from such testing.

Professor John Durant, chairman of the …
Courts are being used "to litigate a scientific debate," counsel claims
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The science writer Simon Singh’s right to free expression was infringed when he was required to “prove the unprovable,” his counsel, Adrienne Page QC, told three of the most senior judges in England and Wales this week.

Dr Singh is appealing against preliminary rulings in a libel action brought against him by the British Chiropractic Association over a comment piece he wrote in the Guardian newspaper. The case has become a cause celebre for free speech campaigners, who say that it illustrates the chilling effect of the libel laws on scientific debate ( BMJ 2009;339:b5393, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5393; 2010;340:c339, doi:10.1136/bmj.c339).

Because the Court of Appeal’s eventual ruling is expected to set an …
Apport de la vidéocapsule endoscopique (VCE) dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge des douleurs abdominales inexpliquées
Authors: S Hommel, M Antonietti, E Ben Soussan, S Ramirez, E Lerebours, P Ducrotte
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Dans les douleurs abdominales qui posent un problème thérapeutique du fait de leur intensité et/ou de leur caractère rebelle, l'hypothèse d'une lésion du grêle se discute lorsque la gastroscopie, la coloscopie et le scanner abdominal sont normaux. Les examens facilement disponibles (entéro-scanner, transit baryté) ont des performances diagnostiques limitées. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'évaluer l'apport diagnostique de la VCE dans cette indication.