tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public health measures work
Authors: Y. M Agble
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Humanized mouse models have improved biomedical research by providing a tractable system with which to perform <i>in vivo</i> experiments on human tissues. Use of irritators is the standard method for establishing high levels of stem cell engraftment, however not all institutes have access to this instrumentation in the animal facility. The use of busulfan has been successfully used to precondition for stem cell engraftment on a limited number of mouse backgrounds. In this report we further test the utility of busulfan as a means to successfully engraft hIL15-Tg-NSG and SGM3-NSG mouse stains which are capable of establishing the innate NK cell and myeloid immune compartments. Results from our studies show that busulfan can successfully precondition hIL15-Tg-NSG mice but not SGM3-NSG mice for high levels of human immune cell engraftment. SGM3-NSG mice preconditioned with busulfan exhibited only 10-20% human CD45 cells in the bone marrow or spleen, where as NSG and hIL15-Tg-NSG mice routinely achieved ∼80%. Busulfan preconditioned SGM3-NSG mice showed elevated levels of granulocytic MDSC, and cDC1 and cDC2 myeloid populations. This is in contrast with hIL15-TG-NSG which showed robust reconstitution of mature CD16 expressing NK cells. We conclude from our studies that busulfan is an effective means to precondition mice for CD34+ stem cell engraftment, but it may have limitations when use to precondition the SGM3-NSG model.
Cytoplasmic and HL-A antigens in the human epidermis
Authors: J.H. SAURAT, E. GLUCKMAN, L. DIDIERJEAN, E. ANDERSEN, F. SOCKEEL, A. PUISSANT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Cytoplasmic and HL‐A antigens in the human epidermis Get access J.H. SAURAT, J.H. SAURAT Clinique dermatologique Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. GLUCKMAN, E. GLUCKMAN Laboratoire ?immunohématologie, Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. DIDIERJEAN, L. DIDIERJEAN Clinique dermatologique Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. ANDERSEN, E. ANDERSEN Laboratoire ?immunohématologie, Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. SOCKEEL, F. SOCKEEL Clinique dermatologique Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. PUISSANT A. PUISSANT Clinique dermatologique Hôpital Saint–Louis, 2 place du Dr Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 6, 1 June 1977, Pages 603–608, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05203.x Published: 01 June 1977
Adverse Reactions to Antiarrhythmic Drugs During Therapy for Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Thomas W. Nygaard
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We analyzed the incidence of adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs in 123 consecutive patients with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Blood levels were measured serially and were maintained within the usual therapeutic range. Minor reactions were defined as those that required dosage reduction and major reactions as those that required drug discontinuation or permanent pacing for bradycardia. A total of 237 individual, oral drug trials were evaluated in the 123 patients. Adverse reactions were noted in 79 trials (33%) Fifty-nine (48%) of the 123 patients had one or more adverse reaction. Major reactions were noted in 36 patients (29%). Adverse effects occurred during 49% of trials with mexiletine hydrochloride, 44% of trials with amiodarone, 24% of trials with procainamide hydrochloride, and 18% of trials with quinidine sulfate or gluconate. In conclusion, clinically significant adverse reactions are common during drug therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. These observations indicate that with the drugs used in this study, an acceptable risk-benefit ratio will be possible only in patients at a significant risk for a symptomatic arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients at low risk for serious arrhythmia should be discouraged. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:55-57)
Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: The U-Boat in the Belly-Reply
Authors: Robert S. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Santiago's thoughtful letter regarding abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening is an example of the response we hoped to stimulate by publishing the recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force. He has addressed the elements that justify the inclusion of any screening test or counseling recommendation in clinical practice: What is the burden of suffering for the individual and for society that the disease or risk factor for disease causes? What is the efficacy of the test in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value and how expensive or dangerous or painful is the test? How effective is the final intervention, whether it is a surgical procedure in the case of AAAs or a counseling intervention to stop smoking, wear seat belts, or reduce the total fat and proportion of saturated fat in the diet? Further review of the data is needed to assign quality of evidence
Heart Transplantation in Chagas' Disease
Authors: Valeria B. de Carvalho, Eduardo F.L. Sousa, Jose´ Henrique A. Vila, Jose´ Pedro da Silva, Marcio R. Caiado, Sergio R. de R. Araujo, Radi Macruz, E.J. Zerbini
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Heart transplantation (HT) as a therapeutic option for end-stage chronic Chagas' heart disease (CCHD) is controversial. Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and recurrence of the disease in the allograft are likely to occur. Furthermore, active myocarditis has been reported to predispose patients to an increased incidence and severity of rejection. Methods and Results We prospectively investigated the long-term follow-up of 10 patients with CCHD who underwent HT. Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine A and azathioprine. T cruzi reactivation was prevented with benzonidazole. Besides allograft rejection surveillance, T cruzi infection was monitored through blood tests, myocardial biopsies, and serological tests. Over a mean follow-up period of 34±38 months (range, 73 to 124 months), 7 patients are alive and in NYHA functional class I. Life expectancy was 78% for the second year and 65% for 10 years. Rejection was less frequent in chagasic than in age- and sex-matched control patients (mean±SD, 1.60±1.26 versus 5.70±1.89 episodes per patient, respectively; P =.0001); decreased severity of rejection was also observed ( P =.006). T cruzi parasitemias detected on three occasions were successfully treated with benzonidazole. There were no signs of recurrence of the disease in the allograft. Conclusions These results suggest an important role of HT in the treatment of CCHD. There was a low frequency of T cruzi infection reactivation and no signs of recurrence of the disease in the allograft. The surprisingly decreased rejection incidence and severity require further studies for elucidation.
Effect of Ribavirin on Hepatitis C Viral Kinetics in Patients Treated With Pegylated Interferon
Authors: Eva Herrmann, Jung-Hun Lee, George Marinos, Marlene Modi, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

A dynamic equilibrium between viral production and clearance characterizes untreated chronic hepatitis C viral infection. After initiating antiviral treatment, a typical multiphasic decay of viremia can be observed and analyzed using mathematical models. To elucidate the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin when used in combination with (pegylated) interferon alfa, we investigated kinetic parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with either peginterferon alpha-2a with or without ribavirin and standard interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin for 48 weeks. Serum HCV RNA was measured frequently before, during, and at the end-of-treatment and the follow-up period. By using an appropriate model for viral dynamics, kinetic parameters were derived from nonlinear, least square fitting of serum HCV RNA quantifications. The first phase of viral decay (day 1) and the second phase of viral decay (days 2 to 21) were similar for all treatment groups. After about 7 to 28 days, a third phase of viral decay was seen in several patients, and this phase of decay was significantly faster in patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin compared with those treated with peginterferon alpha-2a alone. The decay of this third phase was associated with the virologic end-of-treatment response and sustained virologic response. In conclusion, the third-phase decay of initial viral kinetics, which may represent a treatment-enhanced degradation of infected cells, was more pronounced in patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. This finding suggests that combination treatment leads to a better restoration of the patient's immune response.
Sorry, sorry, sorry
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Look as hard as you like. Scrutinise the text very, v-e-e-r-y . . . s-l-o-w-l-y. Then, to make sure, use your internet browser as a bloodhound to sniff for buried words such as “regret,” “apologise,” or “sorry.” Ultimately, though, you’ll conclude that they’re just not there.

Nowhere in the recent announcement from the European Medicines Agency of its suspension of the licence for the antiobesity drug sibutramine (Reductil) (see BMJ 2010;340:c477, doi:10.1136/bmj.c477) is there anything suggesting remorse on its part. Instead the impression is of business as usual: a …
Immune checkpoints in MSI and CSI colorectal cancers and their translational implications
Authors: Nicolás J Llosa, Franck Housseau, Elizabeth Wick, Lizzy Hechenbleikner, Michael Cruise, Robert Anders, Cynthia Sears, Drew Pardoll
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Cancer vaccines attracted a lot of attention as an alternative/adjuvant therapeutic approach for patients with advanced metastatic cancer. Preclinical studies showed that tumors can evade the adaptive immune response by activation of immune checkpoints in the tumor micro-
Osler and the Method of Zadig
Authors: Jacob Amir
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 October 1992Osler and the Method of ZadigJacob Amir, MDJacob Amir, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-622_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors:Belkin and Neelon write that the word Zadig comes from Arabic (1). In fact, it comes from the Hebrew word, tzadiq, and is found numerous times in the Bible. Also used in modern Hebrew, it is best translated as "righteous."...Reference1. BelkinNeelon BF. The art of observation: William Osler and the method of Zadig. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:863-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Block H. Introduction. In: Candide and Other Writings. New York: The Modern Library; 1956. Google Scholar2. Price W. The Symbolism of Voltaire's Novels. New York: Columbia University Press; 1911. Google Scholar3. Voltaire F. Zadig or destiny: an oriental tale. In: Candide and Other Writings. New York: The Modern Library; 1956. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Little Rock Diagnostic Clinic Little Rock, AR 72205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 7Page: 622-622 Issue Published: 1 October 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of anti-Thy 1.2 targeted doxorubicin and cyclosporin A
Authors: B. Říhová, J. Strohalm, D. Plocová, V. Šubr, J. Šrogl, M. Jelínková, M. Šírová, K. Ulbrich
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)
Determinants of longitudinal changes in spirometric function among swine confinement operators and farmers.
Authors: D A Schwartz, K J Donham, S A Olenchock, W J Popendorf, D S Van Fossen, L F Burmeister, J A Merchant
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To assess whether working in a swine confinement facility causes an excess or accelerated decline in lung function, we conducted a population-based study to evaluate the determinants of longitudinal changes in airflow in a population of swine confinement operators. Spirometric measures of lung function were compared between swine confinement operators (N = 168) and neighborhood farmer control subjects (N = 127). Study subjects were randomly selected from a cohort of swine confinement operators in eastern Iowa. The control farming population was matched by geographic location, age, and sex to the swine confinement operators. On average, the follow-up time was approximately 2 yr, with a range of follow-up between 56 and 1,900 d. Although swine confinement operators and neighborhood farmers had similar demographic characteristics (age, gender, racial background, smoking history, and atopy status), swine confinement operators tended to have less farming experience and were more extensively followed (more measures of lung function and longer periods of observation) than the neighborhood farmer control group. Swine confinement operators were also exposed to higher environmental dust concentrations and other irritants than the farmer control subjects. Interestingly, the cross-sectional data indicated that swine confinement operators tended to have slightly lower measures of airflow and greater workshift declines in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75) than the neighborhood farmer control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advanced Extragonadal Germ-Cell Tumors
Authors: JOHN D. HAINSWORTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Thirty-two patients with primary extragonadal germ-cell tumors were treated at Vanderbilt and Indiana University Hospitals during the period from 1976 to 1981. Thirty-one patients had far-advanced disease when treatment was begun. All patients received intensive cisplatincontaining combination chemotherapy regimens. Tumors remaining after chemotherapy were surgically removed when feasible. Of the 31 evaluable patients, 18 have been continuously disease-free after therapy, 21 patients had a complete remission; the remaining 10 had partial response. Eighty-nine percent of patients with complete remission remain free of disease after median follow-up of 30 months. No relapses occurred after 12 months of complete remission. Patients with partial response had a median survival of 9 months with no long-term survivors. Response rates and survival are similar to patients with advanced-stage testicular germ-cell tumors. Extragonadal germ-cell tumors are as curable as testicular germ-cell tumors when treated with intensive cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens, and Surgical resection when necessary.
More patients should be excluded from being tissue donors
Authors: M. Zeidler, P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—In their editorial, Allan and Tuft note the United Kingdom's criteria aimed at preventing patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from becoming corneal donors.1 In the United Kingdom, as elsewhere, discrepancies occur in practice between groups excluded as blood donors and as corneal (and other) graft donors. Among these …
ON RAILROAD INJURIES OF THE EXTREMITIES OF THE HUMAN BODY, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE SITE OF AMPUTATION, AND SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF THE STUMP.
Authors: THEODORE R. VARICK
Journal: JAMA (1884)

The consideration of severe injuries of the extremities of the human body, the result of railroad accidents, and, indeed, of all crushing blows inflicted by great momentum, is the topic which I have selected for discussion on this occasion. I shall consider their proximate trauma, also their effects on the heart and great vessels. For their effects on the nervous system I refer you to the antagonistic works of Erichsen and Page. Lastly, I shall offer a few observations on the subject of amputations and the after treatment of the stump, also the reports of a few cases bearing on the subject under discussion. In the good old days of stage-coaching, when the travel, as a rule, was limited to nine inside and three outside including the driver; when the speed of 12 miles an hour was a marvel, an occasional upset seldom resulted in more than a simple fracture,
The Fetus and Neonate
Authors: Robert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Assali and his associates present comprehensive, authoritative coverage of the mechanisms of influencing fetal adjustment to intrauterine life and the changes occurring at birth. They successfully penetrate much of the confusion regarding the fetus and neonate by answering questions which have long troubled investigators and clinicians. Skilled editing and significant concise knowledge produce an important up-to-date text, with eight well-written, highly specialized chapters on some 250 aspects of developmental biology. The bibliography contains 983 selected references. The many tables, figures, and pictures are of the highest quality. In a dynamic comparative manner, Dr. Widdowson presents the latest concepts on the factors that control growth and the essential biochemical changes of the fetus and neonate which should help us understand the complex abnormalities of pregnancy. No doubt, current definitions of growth will need alteration. The important aspects of fetal and neonatal circulation are described, using sheep as test animals. Mathematical models
Factor XIII in human plasma and platelets
Authors: Jan McDonagh, R. P. McDonagh, J.-M. Del′ge, Robert H. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Plasma and platelet factor XIII levels were measured in normal human donors and in a patient congenitally deficient in factor XIII. The purpose of these experiments was to study the role of platelet factor XIII in blood coagulation. On polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, factor XIII activity in extracts of washed normal platelets appeared as a single peak. This peak was missing or very low when factor XIII-deficient platelet extract was used. The patient was also studied before and after transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Before transfusion, factor XIII activity could not be detected in the patient's plasma or platelet extracts. 24 hr after transfusion the plasma factor XIII level was still at the anticipated value, but factor XIII activity could not be detected in the platelet extracts. These experiments imply that plasma factor XIII was not transported across the platelet membrane in measurable quantities in vivo. This suggests that platelet factor XIII is a true platelet component and originates in the platelet precursor, the megakaryocyte. Thrombelastographic studies suggest that platelet factor XIII participates in the coagulation process. Thrombelastograms of factor XIII-deficient samples had decreased maximum amplitude and clot elasticity values. The abnormalities were fully corrected by the addition of washed normal platelets to factor XIII-deficient plasma; preincubation of the normal platelets in the deficient plasma had no additional effect. This indicates that platelet factor XIII is immediately available during clot formation.
POISONING FROM TETRAETHYLPYROPHOSPHATE (TEPP)
Authors: Niels C. Klendshoj
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The use of organic phosphates as insecticides is becoming widespread in agriculture. These substances have a high degree of toxicity, necessitating adequate precautions in their routine employment. Such precautions have been emphasized by the manufacturers as well as by various medical organizations and publications. The toxic properties of the organic phosphates are derived from their ability to inhibit cholinesterase. They produce peripheral symptoms equivalent to the stimulation of postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetics, thus simulating the effect of muscarine. This action is counteracted by atropine, which is used as an antidote. The organic phosphates also exhibit effects similar to those of nicotine being able to stimulate fibers to skeletal muscle. This effect is not influenced by atropine. The autonomic ganglions are stimulated in the early stages of poisoning but are blocked in more extensive poisoning. Metcalf<sup>1</sup>and Lehman<sup>2</sup>have described in more detail the mode of action of
Oral arsenic trioxide–based maintenance regimens for first complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Wing-Yan Au, Cyrus R. Kumana, Harold K. K. Lee, Shek-Ying Lin, Herman Liu, Dominic Y. M. Yeung, June S. M. Lau, Yok-Lam Kwong
Journal: Blood (2011)
Initiation and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

A clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy can be made in a patient with diabetes on the basis of persistent albuminuria (>300 mg per 24 hours), the presence of diabetic retinopathy, and the absence of any clinical or laboratory evidence of other kidney or renal tract disease.1 This definition is valid in patients with either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).Nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Multiple factors contribute to the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy, including genetic and racial predisposition, glycemic and other metabolic abnormalities, alterations in systemic and . . .
Incidence and natural course of fatty liver in the general population: The Dionysos study
Authors: Giorgio Bedogni, Lucia Miglioli, Flora Masutti, Anna Castiglione, Lory Saveria Crocè, Claudio Tiribelli, Stefano Bellentani
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Using the general population of the Dionysos Study, we followed up 144 subjects without fatty liver (FL−) and 336 with fatty liver (FL+) for a median time of 8.5 years. All subjects had suspected liver disease (SLD) defined as altered liver enzymes, high mean corpuscular volume, or low platelet count in the absence of HBV and HCV infection. Ethanol intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and FL was diagnosed using ultrasonography. The incidence and remission rates of FL were 18.5 and 55.0 per 1,000 person-years. Progression to cirrhosis or HCC was rare in both cohorts (incidence rate: 1.7 versus 1.1 and 0.8 versus 0.4 per 1,000 person-years for FL− versus FL+). Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to identify predictors of FL incidence and remission among sex, age, body mass index, ethanol, and liver enzymes. Every increase of 20 g/day of ethanol intake at baseline was associated with a 17% increase in the rate of incident FL ( P = 0.019), a 10% decrease in the rate of remitting FL and SLD ( P = 0.043), a 19% decrease in the rate of remitting FL with persistent SLD ( P = 0.002), and a 10% increase in mortality rate ( P = 0.005) in the FL+ cohort. Conclusion: In the general population of the Dionysos Study, FL regressed in nearly 1 of every 2 cases and had a substantially benign course. Ethanol intake was the most important risk factor for FL remission and incidence and a predictor of mortality in subjects with FL.