tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The objective structured interview for medical student selection
Authors: D A Powis, R L B Neame, T Bristow, L B Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

An objective structured interview is an integral part of the process of selecting and admitting applicants to study medicine at this university. During the nine years (to the end of 1986) that the interview has been used 1600 candidates were interviewed out of roughly 13,000 applicants, and from these, 584 students were admitted to the course. Analysis of the interview data was carried out based on two aspects of student progress: graduation with honours and failure to complete the course of study. The interview as a whole, and especially some of the subscales, appears to identify students who may fail to complete the course: it may also help to predict which students are likely to graduate with honours.
A new model for liver regeneration based on a putative hepatocyte growth inhibitory factor (HGIF): Predicting the initiation, growth, and termination phases
Authors: T WHITEHEAD
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Recovery of hepatic function following orthotopic liver transplantation includes the ability to produce ‘adequate’ bile. What constitutes adequate bile flow, however, has not previously been defined. The present study was undertaken to characterize biliary water and electrolyte secretion following hepatic transplantation. Bile was sampled from nine liver transplant recipients for 15–25 consecutive days during chronic t-tube biliary drainage. Liver biopsies and t-tube cholangiograms were unremarkable in all patients. During the first post-operative day mean bile flow, bile salt concentration, [BS], and bile salt output (BSO) were 60.0 μl/min, 6.8 mM and 0.41 μmcl/min, respectively. [BS] increased over days 1–5 and then plateaued at 12.2 mM over days 6–25 post-transplant. BSO and bile flow increased over days 1–12 before achieving steady-state values of 4.52 μmol/min and 334.7 μl/min, respectively. In each patient bile flow increased linearly with increasing BSO. Choleretic index (CI), varied from 36.9–77.1 μl/μmol (mean: 50.7 ± 8.8). The y-intercept for this relationship ranged from 52.4–156.9 μl/min (mean: 95.9 ± 81.8). Only primary bile salts (82% cholate and 17% chenodeoxycholate), were observed in the bile of each patient. Biliary electrolyte concentrations were similar to that observed in plasma. Each was relatively unaffected by changes in bile flow and BSO. Electrolyte outputs increased linearly with respect to both BSO and bile flow. We conclude that recovery of bile secretion following orthotopic liver transplantation occurs gradually over a 10–12 day period and is strongly dependent upon bile salt secretion.
Hypocalcaemia during fusidic acid therapy
Authors: M Biswas, K Owen, M K Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Fusidic acid is an antistaphylococcal agent widely used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Hepatotoxicity is a well recognized side effect but renal failure is rare. Severe hypocalcaemia and acute renal failure developed in two diabetic patients treated with oral fusidic acid.
Physician Visits for 'Colds'
Authors: Ralph Bookman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Reducing Physician Visits for Colds Through Consumer Education" in the Oct 21, 1983, issue ofThe Journalprompts me to comment. While I agree with the authors' criteria for symptoms of respiratory tract infections, I urge that the presence of purulent sputum be added to the list. The word<i>colds</i>as used in the title warrants some analysis. For many years I have been dismayed at the casual manner in which physicians accept this term without pursuing its meaning with the individual patient. Since I am, as a clinical allergist, concerned with the difference between a true cold of infectious etiology and allergic rhinitis, I make it a practice to require each patient to describe his or her symptoms, with highly variable results. I accept the term<i>cold</i>as an upper respiratory tract infection of three or four days' duration characterized by some fever,
Mycotic Tuberculous Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Benjamin Felson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Tuberculous mycotic aneurysm has been reported with surprising frequency, especially in the aorta. Because the diagnosis can often be made on clinical and roentgenologic grounds, and because of the very poor prognosis if untreated and surgical curability if recognized, experience with three cases is reported. The aneurysm is generally of the false variety, representing a walled-off perforation of the aorta. Contiguous tuberculosis in the form of lymphadenitis or Pott abscess is generally responsible for the aortic involvement that results in the aneurysm. Miliary tuberculosis, which is often present, is probably a result rather than the cause.
Role of 5-lipoxygenase in the multiple organ failure induced by zymosan
Authors: Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Antonietta Rossi, Ivana Serraino, Rosanna Di Paola, Laura Dugo, Tiziana Genovese, Domenico Britti, Giuseppe Sciarra, Angelina De Sarro, Achille P. Caputi, Lidia Sautebin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Secretory γA in normal urine
Authors: John Bienenstock, Thomas B. Tomasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The physicochemical nature of gammaA was investigated in normal male and female urine concentrated approximately 1000 times. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and Sephadex G-200 chromatography revealed that urinary gammaA has sedimentation properties intermediate between 19S and 7S molecules. Isolation of urinary gammaA by DE 52 chromatography free of other immunoglobulins with subsequent antigenic analysis showed that the urinary gammaA-molecule is antigenically indistinguishable from the gammaA-molecules found in other external secretions and has a corrected sedimentation coefficient of 11.8S. In addition, like other secretory gammaA-molecules and unlike serum polymeric gammaA, urinary gammaA resisted mild reductive measures with 0.1M beta-mercaptoethanol. Free or unattached secretory "piece" was found in all normal urines tested and in agammaglobulinemic urine. Secretory "piece" antigenic determinants were also found in ureteric urine. The average daily excretion of urinary gammaA was 1.1 mg. The maximum excretion of urinary 7S gammaG per 24 hr was approximately 3 mg.
Methyl isocyanate eight-day vapor inhalation study with Fischer 344 rats.
Authors: D E Dodd, E H Fowler, W M Snellings, I M Pritts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Groups of ten male and ten female Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation 3.1, 0.6, 0.15, or 0.0 (control) ppm of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor 6 hr per day for 8 days (two 4-day sessions separated by a 2-day rest). Evaluation of toxic effects included body weight, food consumption, organ weights, and selected hematologic, ophthalmic, neurologic, gross anatomic, and histologic examinations. There were no deaths during the study. Rats of the 3.1 ppm exposure group had decreased body weights, food consumption, and blood oxygen saturation (males only). An increase in hemoglobin concentration (males only) and in lung weights (absolute and as a percentage of body weight) were also observed in the 3.1 ppm rats. Ophthalmic or neurofunctional behavior evaluations were negative for all MIC exposure groups. Only 3.1 ppm of MIC vapor resulted in lesions in the respiratory tract, 0.6 or 0.15 ppm did not. The types of lesions observed were inflammation and squamous metaplasia in the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli; and submucosal fibroplasia of the bronchioles. No significant lesions were observed in tissues other than those of the respiratory tract in all MIC exposure groups. The results of this study indicate the current 0.02 ppm threshold limit value for MIC is not too high regarding toxicity.
Influence of -adrenergic blockade on platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries
Authors: R. BOLLI, T. A BRANDON, M. L MACE, D. G WEILBAECHER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The functional significance of platelet α-adrenergic receptors in vivo is uncertain. The aim of this study was to elucidate their role in experimental coronary thrombosis. In 46 open-chest dogs with a critical coronary stenosis produced by plicating the coronary artery wall with a suture, blood flow showed cyclical reductions followed by an abrupt return to control levels. The flow reductions were previously shown to be caused by platelet aggregation. In the present study they were unaffected by heparin (1,000 U·kg−1·h−1) at the start of the experiment but consistently abolished by aspirin (30 mg·kg−1) at the end of the protocol, further supporting platelet aggregation as the primary mechanism. After 1 h of observation, dogs were assigned to one of the following groups: control (no intervention, n=9), phentolamine (a nonselective α-blocker) "low dose" (0.07 mg·kg−1 bolus followed by 0.1 mg·kg−1·min−1, n=4), phentolamine "high dose" (3 mg·kg−1 bolus followed by 0.07 mg·kg−1·min−1, n=6), prazosin (an α1-blocker, 2 mg·kg−1, n=8), yohimbine (an α2-blocker, 3 mg·kg−1, n= 11) or prazosin + yohimbine (same doses, n=8). In controls, cyclical reductions in flow continued unchanged for another hour. Phentolamine effected a partial dose-related inhibition of flow reductions; however, prazosin and yohimbine, given separately or in combination, failed to produce any significant effect despite an α-blocking action equivalent to or greater than that of phentolamine (α-agonist dose-response studies). Thus, α1−, α2− and combined α1− and α2-blockade, per se, did not interfere with coronary thrombosis in the face of elevated plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (285 ± 48 and 399 ± 31 ng·litre−1, respectively). It is concluded that, in the dog, α-adrenoceptors do not contribute significantly to spontaneous formation of platelet coronary thrombi even at moderately increased levels of adrenergic stimulation. In addition, this study identifies an in vivo platelet-inhibitory activity of phentolamine that is independent of α-adrenergic blockade.
Overuse of tympanostomy tubes in New York metropolitan area: evidence from five hospital cohort
Authors: S. Keyhani, L. C Kleinman, M. Rothschild, J. M Bernstein, R. Anderson, M. Chassin
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To compare tympanostomy tube insertion for children with otitis media in 2002 with the recommendations of two sets of expert guidelines. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> New York metropolitan area practices associated with five diverse hospitals. <b>Participants</b> 682 of 1046 children who received tympanostomy tubes in the five hospitals for whom charts from the hospital, primary care physician, and otolaryngologist could be accessed. <b>Results</b> The mean age was 3.8 years. On average, children with acute otitis media had fewer than four infections in the year before surgery. Children with otitis media with effusion had less than 30 consecutive days of effusion at the time of surgery. Concordance with recommendations was very low: 30.3% (n=207) of all tympanostomies were concordant with the explicit criteria developed for this study and 7.5% (n=13) with the 1994 guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Medicine, and American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. Children who had previously had tympanostomy tube surgery, who were having a concomitant procedure, or who had "at risk conditions" were more likely to be discordant. <b>Conclusions</b> A significant majority of tympanostomy tube insertions in the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the United States were inappropriate according to the explicit criteria and not recommended according to both guidelines. Regardless of whether current practice represents a substantial overuse of surgery or the guidelines are overly restrictive, the persistent discrepancy between guidelines and practice cannot be good for children or for people interested in improving their health care.
Rapid formation of cholesterol crystals in gallbladder bile is associated with stone recurrence after laparoscopic cholecystotomy
Authors: D Jungst, R del Pozo, M H Dolu, S G Schneeweiss, E Frimberger
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Laparoscopic cholecystotomy (LCT) with subsequent extraction of gallstones and primary closure of the gallbladder has been introduced as an alternative therapy for patients with cholecystolithiasis and preserved gallbladder function. However, stone recurrence has to be considered as a major drawback that might be related to lithogenic factors of gallbladder bile or the composition of gallbladder stones. Therefore, these were studied in relation to stone recurrence within an observation period of 1 to 5 years (median, 3.6 years) in 50 patients after LCT. The concentrations of total and individual bile acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, total lipids, mucin, protein, and the cholesterol saturation indices in gallbladder bile were not significantly different between 10 patients with and 40 patients without stone recurrence. However, the crystal observation time was significantly (P < .02) shorter (range, 1-2 days; median, 1.5) in the bile of patients with stone recurrence compared to those without (range, 1-21 days, median 3.5). Moreover, all 10 stone recurrences were observed in the 28 patients with a crystal observation time in the bile of less than or equal to 2 days (approximate annual risk: 12%-15%), and no recurrences were observed in the 22 patients with a crystal observation time greater than 2 days (P < .0001) or in patients with pigment stones. The rapid formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in bile seems to be the major risk factor for recurrent stones after LCT. These are most likely cholesterol stones and, therefore, are amenable to oral bile-acid prevention or treatment.
Frostbite Injury: Appearance on Three-Phase Bone Scan
Authors: ARTHUR KENNEY, PRANAV VYAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Severe frostbite injury can lead to tissue loss. In frostbitten hands, the thumbs are usually spared because they are frequently clenched and insulated within a tight fist. Clinical exam alone can underestimate the extent of tissue damage. Three-phase bone scan imaging is useful in demonstrating the extent of soft tissue and bone devitalization, and can aid in managing these cases.
What causes sudden death in young athletes?
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
702-3 Factors Associated With Arrhythmias After Mustard Operation—30 Year Experience with 534 Patients
Authors: Mark Gelatt, Robert M. Hamilton, Brian W. McCrindle, Michael S. Connelly, Andrew M. Davis, Louise Harris, Robert M. Gow, William G. Williams, George A. Trusler, Robert M. Freedom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Notes on the History of Nutrition Research
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1973)

"A few men of genius can undoubtedly forge ahead without much knowledge of either the past or present in a given field. Ordinary workers are very liable to follow the fads of current science unless they drink deeply in the springs of history and observe the waves of enthusiasm that have risen and disappeared throughout the ages." So wrote Clive M. McCay, author of these<i>Notes</i>. Throughout his life, Professor McCay maintained a deep and active interest in the history of his chosen field, nutrition research. Like all true devotees, he collected rare books, visited libraries where other seminal works could be found, took copious notes, and tried to incorporate a "historical approach" into his teachings, scientific investigations, and writings. The present volume makes available the notes that the author had planned to expand into a full treatise on the history of nutrition research. A brief introductory essay offers guidelines
Induction of arsenite tolerance and thermotolerance by arsenite occur by different mechanisms.
Authors: Z Wang, G Hou, T G Rossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Both V79 and As/R28A cells (an arsenite-resistant Chinese hamster V79 cell variant) show increased resistance to toxic concentrations of arsenite after pretreatment with a nontoxic concentration. The induced tolerance can be completely inhibited by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Pretreatment with a nontoxic heat shock (45 degrees C, 10 min) resulted in a clear increased thermotolerance in both cell lines but failed to induce arsenite tolerance in either cell line. Pretreatment with arsenite induced a thermotolerance in V79 cells but not in As/R28A cells. These results are consistent with a model whereby the signal for induction of arsenite tolerance involves binding of arsenite to a protein effector which is amplified in the As/R28A line, thereby preventing action of arsenite in the regulation of heat shock factor which induces the heat shock response.
A review of the British Journal of Sports Medicine 1991-5.
Authors: B Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To review 5 years of the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) to assess the nature of articles published, look at which specialities and nationalities were contributing most frequently, and analyse the numbers of subjects involved in the studies.Data were collated from all original papers, review articles, and case reports from March 1991 to December 1995.Authors from 35 different countries contributed a total of 282 papers in the 5 year period, with medical authors (118) predominating. They covered a wide range of subjects in all aspects of sports medicine. There were few randomised controlled studies (9).The BJSM has wide international input which covers all aspects of sports medicine. A greater number of large randomised controlled studies would, however, provide a firmer statistical basis for future research and injury management. There is also scope for development of the BJSM especially in the areas of education, innovations, and the practical applications of research.
First Clinical Experience With the DeBakey VAD Continuous-Axial-Flow Pump for Bridge to Transplantation
Authors: Georg M. Wieselthaler, Heinrich Schima, Michael Hiesmayr, Richard Pacher, Günther Laufer, George P. Noon, Michael DeBakey, Ernst Wolner
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —A shortage of donor organs and increased numbers of deaths of patients on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation make mechanical circulatory support for a bridge to transplantation a standard clinical procedure. Continuous-flow rotary blood pumps offer exciting new perspectives. Methods and Results —Two male patients (ages 44 and 65 years) suffering from end-stage left heart failure were implanted with a DeBakey VAD axial-flow pump for use as a bridge to transplant. In the initial postoperative period, the mean pump flow was 3.9±0.5 L/min, which equals a mean cardiac index (CI) of 2.3±0.2 L · min −1 · m −2 . In both patients, the early postoperative phase was characterized by a completely nonpulsatile flow profile. However, with the recovery of heart function 8 to 12 days after implantation, increasing pulse pressures became evident, and net flow rose to 4.5±0.6 L/min, causing an increase of mean CI up to 2.7±0.2 L · min −1 · m −2 . Patients were mobilized and put through regular physical training. Hemolysis stayed in the physiological range and increased only slightly from 2.1±0.8 mg/dL before surgery to 3.3±1.8 mg/dL 6 weeks after implantation. Conclusions —The first clinical implants of the DeBakey VAD axial-flow pump have demonstrated the device to be a promising measure of bridge-to-transplant mechanical support.
Oxidative stress alters specific membrane currents in isolated cardiac myocytes.
Authors: A Bhatnagar, S K Srivastava, G Szabo
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on cardiac membrane currents, single cells from frog ventricle were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Incubation of these cells with 2 mM t-BHP causes a rapid depletion of cellular glutathione, followed by a more gradual increase in the contents of malonaldialdehyde and conjugated dienes. Effects of this rapidly evolving oxidative stress were studied on sodium, calcium, and potassium currents of isolated ventricular cells. t-BHP caused a progressive decrease in the magnitude of sodium current obtained on depolarization from a holding potential of -85 mV, which was accompanied by a shift in the reversal potential toward more negative potentials. The voltage dependence of the steady-state parameters for activation and inactivation was shifted, such that in peroxide-exposed cells, there was a greater overlap of activation and inactivation parameters, which would be expected to result in an increased window current. In addition, in the presence of t-BHP, the time constant for activation was decreased at most depolarizing potentials, whereas the time constant for inactivation was increased. The resultant sodium current transients were, therefore, slower in the presence of the peroxide because of slower inactivation. Prolonged exposure of the cells to t-BHP led to a complete and selective inhibition of the Na+ current. However, even when all the Na+ current was inhibited, the K+ and Ca2+ currents remained essentially unaltered. Also, no large outward currents were observed at this stage, indicating that ATP concentration was not drastically decreased. The barrier properties of plasma membrane remained intact, as it was possible to form gigohm seals between the patch pipette and the plasma membrane of cells treated with 2-14 mM t-BHP for up to 30 minutes. These results account for the proarrhythmic effects of free radicals and oxidative stress on cardiac tissues.
Fat Absorption and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Intestinal Epithelium of Mice
Authors: Tibor Barka
Journal: JAMA (1963)

WHATEVER has been learned about the occurrence and location of acid phosphatase in intestinal epithelium has not been incorporated into concepts of the physiology of absorption. Formerly, acid phosphatase has been located mainly in the Golgi zone, and thus its existence was buried in the complex and controversial problem of the Golgi apparatus. The three objectives of this communication are to demonstrate by improved histochemical techniques the location of acid phosphatase activity in the small intestine of the mouse, to reveal its decrease that follows forced feeding of oil, and to identify with the electron microscope structures that are associated with this enzyme activity. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Mice of both sexes, weighing about 30 gm, were killed by distortion of the neck after 24 to 36 hr of fasting or at various intervals from 30 min to 6 hr after being fed 0.2 ml corn oil through a stomach tube.