tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seeing the Fetus: The Role of Technology and Image in the Maternal-Fetal Relationship
Authors: Nathan Stormer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

IT IS ONLY IN THE LAST 30 YEARS THAT IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE to visualize the living fetus. Before then, its life was often acknowledged at “quickening,” when the pregnant woman firstnoticeditmovingwithintheuterus.Withthenewability to see the fetus as an independent organism, however, bothmedicalscienceandsocietynowenvisionthematernalfetal relationship as beginning at a much earlier stage in fetal development. Visual imagery, specifically sonography, has become an important representation of that relationship.Considerarecenttelevisioncommercialfeaturinghighresolution 3-dimensional sonographic images of a thirdtrimester fetus or a Time cover story describing Alexander Tsiaras’ beautifully detailed, computer-enhanced images of fetal development as “at the forefront of a biomedical revolution.” 1 These contemporary biomedical images of the fetus are changing public perception of the unborn and may shift the balance of legal rights from the maternal to the fetal body. Due in part to laws restricting human anatomical dissection, accurate depictions of the fetus did not appear until 1799, when Samuel Thomas Soemmerring published plates ofstagedembryonicdevelopment. 2 Anditwasnotuntil1965, whenLennartNilsson’sphotographofan18-weekfetusappeared on the cover of Life, that the image of a fetus became widely recognized. The photographic quality of modern sonography, given its role in fetal measurement and diagnostics, carries with itaconnotationofobjectivitythatmaydeflectattentionfrom the cultural assumptions that give these images such authority.FasouliotisandSchenkerwrite,“Thebiologicalmaternal fetal relationship has not changed but the medical model of that relationship has shifted emphasis from unity to duality. Physicians no longer look to the maternal host for diagnostic data and a therapeutic medium; they look through her to the fetal organism and regard it as a distinct patient in its own right.” 3 Casper agrees that as fetal imaging technology advances, so does the likelihood of seeing the fetus as an entity separate from its maternal host. 4 Mirroring the improved resolution of the fetal image has been the growth of “fetus as patient” advocates who explicitly argue for equal and competing interests of the fetus. 5 When the fetus is increasingly visualized as a person, resolving ethical tensions betweenthewelfareofthemotherandfetusbecomesacontest between their rights and obligations. 3 Pateman has argued that the assumption of the impregnable male body was im
89 Successful gene therapy of experimental hepatocellular carcinoma by AFP-specific DNA-vaccination combined with intratumoral cytokine expression
Authors: S.M. Ryu, M.M. Bartolome Rodriguez, C. Grimm, Q. Cheng, J. Prieto, H.E. Blum, M. Geissler, L. Mohr
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Bone and Gallium Scintigraphy in Sacral Chordoma Report of Four Cases
Authors: KAZUYOSHI SUGA, NOBUYUKI TANAKA, TAKASHI NAKANISHI, HIROMOTO UTSUMI, NORIMASA YAMADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMDP and gallium scintigraphy were evaluated in four patients with a primary sacrococcygeal chordoma. All lesions showed a photon-deficient or cold lesion corresponding to the tumor on bone scintigraphy, with no abnormal accumulation clearly observed on gallium scintigraphy. These findings led the authors to conclude that a midline sacrococcygeal tumor showing reduced uptake or a cold lesion on bone scintigraphy and no increased accumulation on gallium scintigraphy could be a chordoma rather than the malignant neoplasm suspected in this region.
Proteomic analysis identifies galectin-1 as a predictive biomarker for relapsed/refractory disease in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Peter Kamper, Maja Ludvigsen, Knud Bendix, Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Michael Boe Møller, Jens R. Nyengaard, Bent Honoré, Francesco d'Amore
Journal: Blood (2011)
Subsequent neoplasms in survivors of childhood central nervous system tumors: risk after modern multimodal therapy
Authors: Karen Tsui, Amar Gajjar, Chenghong Li, Deokumar Srivastava, Alberto Broniscer, Cynthia Wetmore, Larry E. Kun, Thomas E. Merchant, David W. Ellison, Brent A. Orr, Frederick A. Boop, Paul Klimo, Jordan Ross, Leslie L. Robison, Gregory T. Armstrong
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BackgroundMultimodal therapy has improved survival for some childhood CNS tumors. However, whether risk for subsequent neoplasms (SNs) also increases is unknown. We report the cumulative incidence of, and risk factors for, SNs after a childhood primary CNS tumor and determine whether treatment that combines radiation therapy (RT) with chemotherapy increases risk for SNs.
Pulmonary vasomotor responses to neural activation in man
Authors: P. MORUZZI, P. SGANZERLA, M. D GUAZZI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Passive adaptation to changes in flow is an established mechanism of regulation of pulmonary vasomotility. The role of the autonomic nervous system is not well defined in man. To separate the neural from the mechanical component (variation in flow) the venous return and the lung blood flow of six normal men (while undergoing haemodynamic diagnostic procedures) were impeded by a balloon tipped catheter placed in the inferior vena cava. Mental arithmetic and cold pressor tests were used as sympathetic activators. When the venous return was impeded cardiac output was reduced by a mean of 540 ml compared with baseline. During the arithmetic test the rise in cardiac output fell from 2140 ml when venous return was unimpeded to 890 ml when venous return was impeded. This stimulus changed from being a slight pulmonary vasodilator to being an unequivocal vasoconstrictor. Cold stimulation had little effect on cardiac output and caused an increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance. This effect was more than doubled when flow through the lungs was impeded. These observations suggest that a neural regulation of the pulmonary circulation exists in man, which is disclosed (arithmetic test) or potentiated (cold pressor test) when the influence of mechanical factors is prevented or reduced.
Muscle protein waste in tumor-bearing rats is effectively antagonized by a beta 2-adrenergic agonist (clenbuterol). Role of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
Authors: P Costelli, C García-Martínez, M Llovera, N Carbó, F J López-Soriano, N Agell, L Tessitore, F M Baccino, J M Argilés
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Tissue protein hypercatabolism (TPH) is a most important feature in cancer cachexia, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle. The rat ascites hepatoma Yoshida AH-130 is a very suitable model system for studying the mechanisms involved in the processes that lead to tissue depletion, since it induces in the host a rapid and progressive muscle waste mainly due to TPH (Tessitore, L., G. Bonelli, and F. M. Baccino. 1987. Biochem. J. 241:153-159). Detectable plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with marked perturbations in the hormonal homeostasis have been shown to concur in forcing metabolism into a catabolic setting (Tessitore, L., P. Costelli, and F. M. Baccino. 1993. Br. J. Cancer. 67:15-23). The present study was directed to investigate if beta 2-adrenergic agonists, which are known to favor skeletal muscle hypertrophy, could effectively antagonize the enhanced muscle protein breakdown in this cancer cachexia model. One such agent, i.e., clenbuterol, indeed largely prevented skeletal muscle waste in AH-130-bearing rats by restoring protein degradative rates close to control values. This normalization of protein breakdown rates was achieved through a decrease of the hyperactivation of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, as previously demonstrated in our laboratory (Llovera, M., C. García-Martínez, N. Agell, M. Marzábal, F. J. López-Soriano, and J. M. Argilés. 1994. FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 338:311-318). By contrast, the drug did not exert any measurable effect on various parenchymal organs, nor did it modify the plasma level of corticosterone and insulin, which were increased and decreased, respectively, in the tumor hosts. The present data give new insights into the mechanisms by which clenbuterol exerts its preventive effect on muscle protein waste and seem to warrant the implementation of experimental protocols involving the use of clenbuterol or alike drugs in the treatment of pathological states involving TPH, particularly in skeletal muscle and heart, such as in the present model of cancer cachexia.
Sydney surgeon accused of HIV transfer
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Sydney surgeon involved in what is believed to be the world's first case of patient to patient transmission of HIV has been found guilty of unprofessional conduct. An inquiry by the New South Wales Medical Tribunal has, however, failed to discover how the cross infection took place.

The tribunal found that there had been a breach of proper procedures by Dr T P Davis, aged 63, whose first name has been suppressed, which led to four women aged between 18 and 81 contracting HIV. It concluded that infection control guidelines must have been breached to allow the virus to pass from a male patient who was …
Estrogen Receptors and the Metabolic Network
Authors: Rodrigo P.A. Barros, Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)

The metabolic syndrome has reached pandemic level worldwide, and evidence is that estradiol plays a key role in its development. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, in tissues previously not considered targets of estradiol was a breakthrough in endocrinology. In the present review, we discuss how the presence of ERβ and the previously described ERα in tissues involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis (brain, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and heart) may have important implications to risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Imbalance of ERα/ERβ ratio in this "metabolic network" may lead to the metabolic syndrome.
Automatic Recognition of Electrocardiographic Waves by Digital Computer
Authors: FRIEDEMANN W. STALLMANN, HUBERT V. PIPBERGER
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

A digital computer program for automatic recognition of electrocardiographic waves has been described. First, a filtering procedure was applied in order to eliminate extraneous noise. Consequently, the spatial velocity derived from three orthogonal electrocardio-graphic leads was determined for an entire cardiac cycle. It was found that a critical value of 3 µV per msec, was never exceeded during T-P intervals, P-R segments, and S-T segments. This limit for the spatial velocity could be used to indicate the beginning and end of electrocardiographic waves. The method was tested in a series of 395 records. The computer failed in 1.3 per cent of all expected measurements. "With one exception, failures were encountered only in eases with cardiac arrhythmias but not with regular sinus rhythm. Comparison between computed and visual time measurements showed close agreement, especially when limits of visual accuracy and beat-to-beat variations in wave duration were taken into account. The described procedure can serve as the basis for a complete electrocardiographic analysis by digital computer.
Hyperlipoproteinemia. Some basic concepts on diagnosis and management
Authors: R. I. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Over the past decade, the approach to the hyperlipidemic patient has developed from a vague trial and error affair to an increasingly precise and effective science. The major reason for this lies in our growing insight into the mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal lipid transport as well as the mode of action of hypolipidemic drugs.  Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Lipid Transport  All of the blood lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) are by definition insoluble in aqueous solution. Instead of being free in plasma, all lipids enter, circulate, and leave the blood bound to specific proteins. These lipid-protein complexes or lipoproteins have been defined operationally in the past according to the physical chemical systems used to isolate them. We speak in terms of the ultracentrifugal separation when we differentiate chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). They correlate reasonably well with electrophoretically defined
Practical Method of Drug Administration in a Peripheral Hospital
Authors: W. J. H. Leckie, H. Clansey
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A system to reduce the dangers of drug-prescribing and administration has been evolved in the County Hospital, Hereford. Prescribing regulations have been designed which aim to reduce the possibility of error, and the prescription sheets virtually never leave the ward when in use. A copy of the prescription sheet, known as the pharmacy card, is sent to the pharmacy when new drugs or further supplies are required. The chief pharmacist has been able under the system to maintain supervision of safety in the use of drugs.
Hodgkin's Disease Presenting as Hydrarthrosis of Knee
Authors: B. S. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1955)

BEMSH 27On February 3 laparotomy was performed.On palpation of the uterus no foetal parts were felt.The uterus was opened through a lower segment incision, and was found to contain a large hydatidiform mole.The uterine cavity was evacuated completely.Both ovaries contained multiple theca lutein cysts.These were left in situ.The patient made good progress, and the post-operative period was uneventful.She was discharged on the 17th day after operation.The Aschlteim-Zondek test, repeated on the 12th post-operative day, was positive undiluted, but negative in all dilutions.It is unusual to find the Aschheim-Zondek test positive in such high dilutions as described in this case, and very careful follow-up of this patient with quantitative Aschheim-Zondek tests done at regular intervals will be necessary for at least two years.My thanks are due to Mr. Anthony C.
Federal Mandate Requiring Backup Cameras in Vehicles Delayed Until 2015
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opposite role of CD44-standard and CD44-variant-3 in tubular injury and development of renal fibrosis during chronic obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Elena Rampanelli, Kasper M.A. Rouschop, Nike Claessen, Gwendoline J.D. Teske, Steven T. Pals, Jaklien C. Leemans, Sandrine Florquin
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are characterized by tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. We previously showed that in obstructive nephropathy de novo CD44 renal expression contributes to renal fibrosis but attenuates tubular damage/apoptosis. As CD44-standard (CD44s) has been linked to TGF-β1-mediated actions and CD44-variant-3 (CD44v3) favors HGF-c-Met binding, we compared the functional properties of these CD44 isoforms in the progression of obstructive nephropathy, using specific CD44-variant knockout/knockin mice. The presence of CD44v3 diminished tubular damage during obstructive nephropathy, decreased apoptosis, and increased proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, and prevented renal fibrosis development. In contrast, expression of CD44s led to increased tubular damage and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and more renal fibrosis. A relative increase in renal β-catenin expression, HGF production, and HGF/c-Met signaling, together with a relative inhibition of TGF-β1 downstream signaling and TGF-β type I receptor expression, was found in CD44v3 mice compared with CD44s littermates. In line with this, Wnt3a/HGF treatment of tubular cells resulted in higher β-catenin/p-AKT levels in CD44v3(+) tubular epithelial cells, whereas TGF-β1 induced a mild collagen I upregulation in CD44v3(+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts as compared with CD44s(+) cells. Thus, CD44s and CD44v3 exert opposite roles in the progression of obstructive nephropathy, with CD44v3-v10 being the protective isoform that delays evolution of the renal pathology.
Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Immunocompetent Adults
Authors: Herbert L DuPont
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

In the United States, there are approximately 179 million cases of acute diarrhea per year. This update on the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea in immunocompetent adults gives particular attention to the roles of noroviruses and Clostridium difficile.
Abstract 4427: Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signaling and tumorigenesis
Authors: Donita C. Brady, Matthew S. Crowe, Michelle L. Turski, G Aaron Hobbs, Apirat Chaikuad, Stefan Knapp, Sharon L. Campbell, Dennis J. Thiele, Christopher M. Counter
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The BRAF serine/threonine kinase is mutated, typically at V600, to induce an active oncogenic state in a large fraction of melanoma, thyroid cancers, hairy cell leukemia, and to a lesser extent, a wide spectrum of other cancers. BRAFV600E in turn activates the kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which stimulates the MAPK pathway to promote cancer. Excitingly, ATP inhibitors of oncogenic BRAF and MEK provide a survival advantage in metastatic melanoma, an effect enhanced by combining the two inhibitors. Thus, combining multiple approaches to inhibit MAPK signaling holds great promise for the treatment of BRAF mutation-positive cancers, especially in terms of overcoming resistance. In this regard, we previously found that copper (Cu) influx enhanced MEK1 phosphorylation of its substrates ERK1/2 through a Cu-MEK1 interaction. We show here that genetic loss of the high affinity Cu transporter Ctr1 or mutations in MEK1 that disrupt Cu binding reduced MAPK signaling and oncogenic BRAFV600E-mediated tumorigenesis, which was rescued by expressing activated MEK5 engineered to phosphorylate ERK1/2 or activated ERK2. Importantly, Cu chelators used in the treatment of Wilson disease reduced tumor growth of not only BRAFV600E-transformed cells but also cells resistant to a BRAF inhibitor. Taken together, these results suggest that Cu-chelation therapy could be repurposed for the treatment of BRAFV600E mutation-positive cancers. Citation Format: Donita C. Brady, Matthew S. Crowe, Michelle L. Turski, G Aaron Hobbs, Apirat Chaikuad, Stefan Knapp, Sharon L. Campbell, Dennis J. Thiele, Christopher M. Counter. Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signaling and tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4427
Cessation of Gout Following Portacaval Shunt
Authors: James R. Klinenberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Lefkovits et al, "Cessation of Gout Following Portacaval Shunt (<b>205</b>:73, 1968), suggest another method for the determination of urinary oxypurines which is said to be similar in principle but much less tedious than the enzymatic spectrophotometric method which we have previously reported.<sup>1</sup> In fact, these methods are<i>not</i>similar in principle and it is important that the differences be emphasized. The method described by Irving measures the increase in absorbance at 292 nanometer (nm) accompanying the conversion of hypoxanthine or xanthine to uric acid by xanthine oxidase. However, xanthine has a substantially greater absorbance at 292 nm than does hypoxanthine (Figure); the increase in absorbance at 292 nm accompanying the oxidation of 1.0μM of xanthine per milliliter to uric acid is 9.29 while that for the oxidation of hypoxanthine is 12.33. Therefore by the simplified method described, there is significant error in the measurement of
Hope in the Age of Anxiety
Authors: Elaine C. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Umbilical Cord Blood and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: David Bleich
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

It is our anticipation and hope that stem cells will cure type 1 diabetes someday because of their limitless capacity to differentiate as needed into the vital tissue or organ.

In theory, pluripotent cells have the capacity to reprogram a hostile immune response to tolerate pancreatic β-cells and to regenerate pancreatic β-cell mass. These two factors are the necessary ingredients for reversing type 1 diabetes. However, in practice there are many unanswered scientific questions that need clarification before we claim success.

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Haller et al. (1) report their interim results about autologous umbilical cord blood infusion into young children with type 1 diabetes. Children aged >1 year who developed type 1 diabetes and had banked umbilical cord blood at an approved center were recruited into this study at the University of Florida. Cord blood infusion was performed after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes at a mean time of 4.1 months (range 2.5–7.1) and into children with a mean age of 5.5 years (3.1–7.3). The children were brought back for clinical, metabolic, and immunologic evaluation at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after umbilical cord blood transfusion. Ethics considerations prevented infusion of umbilical cord blood into an age-matched nondiabetic control group, so an age-matched group of type 1 diabetic subjects …
980-38 A Randomized Study of the 8 French Hemostatic Puncture Closure Device vs Manual Compression After Coronary Interventions
Authors: Simonetta Blengino, Brenda Hann, Luigi Maiello, Shigeru Nakamura, Patrick Hall, Giancarlo Biagi, Leo Finci, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)