tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow transplants from peripheral blood
Authors: J A Snowden, J G Wright, J Peel, D A Winfield
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As a result the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain issued a statement to pharmacists last April, saying that all dispensed oral liquid medicines should be supplied in a child resistant container from 1 January next year.As supplies of these bottles and caps become available during this year they will begin to be used by pharmacists.Discussions are currently taking place between the society and the pharmaceutical industry about the use of child resistant containers for original pack oral liquid medicines; it is hoped that the containers will be used for these by 1 January 1996.
Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda: Blindness in a Postconflict Setting
Authors: Wanjiku Mathenge, John Nkurikiye, Hans Limburg, Hannah Kuper
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background The World Health Organization estimates that there were 37 million blind people in 2002 and that the prevalence of blindness was 9% among adults in Africa aged 50 years or older. Recent surveys indicate that this figure may be overestimated, while a survey from southern Sudan suggested that postconflict areas are particularly vulnerable to blindness. The aim of this study was to conduct a Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness to estimate the magnitude and causes of visual impairment in people aged ≥ 50 y in the postconflict area of the Western Province of Rwanda, which includes one-quarter of the population of Rwanda. Methods and Findings Clusters of 50 people aged ≥ 50 y were selected through probability proportionate to size sampling. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a tumbling "E" chart, and those with VA below 6/18 in either eye were examined by an ophthalmologist. The teams examined 2,206 people (response rate 98.0%). The unadjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2%–2.4%), 1.3% (0.8%–1.7%) for severe visual impairment, and 5.3% (4.2%–6.4%) for visual impairment. Most bilateral blindness (65%) was due to cataract. Overall, the vast majority of cases of blindness (80.0%), severe visual impairment (67.9%), and visual impairment (87.2%) were avoidable (i.e.. due to cataract, refractive error, aphakia, trachoma, or corneal scar). The cataract surgical coverage was moderate; 47% of people with bilateral cataract blindness (VA < 3/60) had undergone surgery. Of the 29 eyes that had undergone cataract surgery, nine (31%) had a best-corrected poor outcome (i.e., VA < 6/60). Extrapolating these estimates to Rwanda's Western Province, among the people aged 50 years or above 2,565 are expected to be blind, 1,824 to have severe visual impairment, and 8,055 to have visual impairment. Conclusions The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in this postconflict area in the Western Province of Rwanda was far lower than expected. Most of the cases of blindness and visual impairment remain avoidable, however, suggesting that the implementation of an effective eye care service could reduce the prevalence further.
One Foot Away
Authors: Jessica E. Haberer, Joachim H. Ix, Lawrence M. Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A 59-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus, which was treated with 200 mg of hydroxychloroquine and 20 mg of prednisone per day, presents with fever, abdominal pain, and hematuria. She has received cyclophosphamide because of a history of lupus nephritis. Physical examination reveals a cushingoid appearance, a blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg, suprapubic tenderness, and a mass on the dorsum of her left foot.
Occupational Exposure to Heat or Noise and Reduced Fertility
Authors: Donna Day Baird
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The statements of the American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs that occupational exposures to heat or noise have not been reported to be associated with adverse effects on reproductive function 1 do not reflect all the available epidemiologic data. Not only are there substantial published data supporting the relationship between non-occupational heat exposure and adverse effects on semen quality as cited by Levine, 2 but occupational heat exposure has also been associated with adverse fertility effects. Rachootin and Olsen 3 compared Danish males examined or treated for infertility with controls who had conceived a healthy baby within a year. They found a significantly elevated odds ratio of occupational exposure to heat among men with sperm abnormalities compared with control men (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence internal [CI], 1.2 to 2.8). Because the majority of couples who fail to conceive within a year do not seek
Abstract P106: Using Statistical Method to Shorten Door-to-balloon Time Improves Survival of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ai Hsien A Li, Shu-Hsun Chu
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Rapid reperfusion of infarct-related artery is essential to the prognosis of STEMI. So, we implemented an audit program to moniter the performance of Door-to-balloon (D2B) time in 2005,...
The combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor significantly increases the number of bone marrow–derived endothelial cells in brains of mice following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Zsuzsanna E. Toth, Ronen R. Leker, Tal Shahar, Sandra Pastorino, Ildiko Szalayova, Brook Asemenew, Sharon Key, Alissa Parmelee, Balazs Mayer, Krisztian Nemeth, Andras Bratincsák, Éva Mezey
Journal: Blood (2008)
Suppression of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias by Transvenous Intracardiac Pacing after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M. A. Bennett, B. L. Pentecost
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Transvenous intracardiac pacing was carried out on nine patients with recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia after drug treatment had failed. In eight patients recurrent Ventricular ectopic activity was suppressed by pacing at a rate above the sinus rate. With this technique the need for D.C. shock and repeated antiarrhythmic drugs can be avoided.
Targeting Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Keith T. Flaherty
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2011)

Metastatic melanoma has historically been one of the most treatment-refractory types of cancer. Recent headway has been made in understanding the genetic underpinnings of this cancer. A subset of oncogenic events is amenable to targeting with drug therapy. BRAF-targeted therapies represent the first major breakthrough in systemic therapy for melanoma leveraging the new genetic knowledge. Ongoing translational research seeks to identify the most scientifically rational combination treatment strategies to build on single-agent targeted therapy.
Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease: understanding the in vivo biological effect through patient immune monitoring
Authors: E Dander, G Lucchini, P Vinci, M Introna, F Masciocchi, P Perseghin, A Balduzzi, S Bonanomi, D Longoni, G Gaipa, D Belotti, M Parma, A Algarotti, C Capelli, J Golay, A Rovelli, A Rambaldi, A Biondi, E Biagi, G D'Amico
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
International Expansion of The Journal Continues
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Following an auspicious debut at the World Medical Association meeting in Venice in October 1983, regular monthly publication of the Italian edition of JAMA began out of offices in Milan and Rome in January 1984. As of this writing, the circulation of the Italian edition is the largest of all of the JAMA s excluding the regular English language edition. The international non-English language circulation of JAMA is now nearly 250,000, with examples of Japanese in Japan, Chinese in the People's Republic of China, separate French editions in France, Switzerland, and Belgium, German editions in West Germany and Belgium, a Flemish edition in Belgium, and now the Italian. All of these are currently monthlies except for China, which is semimonthly.  Our current English language circulation is approximately 340,000 weekly with distribution in 132 countries. Thus, the combined circulation approaches 600,000. If the growth of our JAMA distribution in other countries
WHAT THE MEDICAL PROFESSION CAN DO FOR THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE.
Authors: WALTER WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

It is a great privilege, in response to the invitation of our President and in the presence of a great audience such as always characterizes our general meetings, to say a word for the United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service—a service that had its origin in 1798 and has slowly but steadily grown, as grows the tree, by putting out from time to time twigs of new duties which have developed into strong branches of public service, until it has reached its present sturdy growth, secure from any casual uprooting, and still growing. Its three hundred or more medical officers may be found in every prominent port on the seacoast, from Maine to Alaska, and on our great lakes and rivers; on the Isthmus of Panama, in Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Philippines; in Canada, British Columbia, Japan, China, India and in Europe. In the United States you will
REMARKS UPON UNDIAGNOSED CASES, CHICAGO STATE HOSPITAL, 1919
Authors: CHARLES F. READ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1921)

1. The undiagnosed cases in institution psychiatry present interesting problems as to diagnosis and prognosis. 2. Many case histories are lacking in clear description of historical facts, conduct disorders, stream of speech, etc. 3. Undiagnosed cases should be followed up most carefully. The average hurried and perfunctory note is only a little better than no note at all. 4. Conclusions without a statement of facts are misleading. Terms such as rambling, confused and violent should be used very cautiously in the primary case record. 5. Undiagnosed cases should be represented as often as new facts discovered will warrant. 6. In a considerable percentage of undiagnosed cases, disagreement and hesitation upon the part of the staff indicate, though oftentimes unwittingly, a good prognosis. 7. Confusion and apprehension in an acute psychosis would seem to indicate dementia præcox more often than any other disorder. 8. The absence of definite hallucinosis in a case otherwise doubtful contributes to failure in classification. 9. There are depressions of psychogenic origin that are not manic-depressive in nature and these types often occur between the ages of 40 and 60 with recovery. 10. The senile-presenile state is uncertain ground. A return should be made to the Kraepelinian presenile grouping. 11. Psychiatry is so far from being an exact science that many cases must be left undiagnosed if the psychiatrist is to retain his self-respect. He can not honestly diagnose them all.
Control of PI(3) kinase in Treg cells maintains homeostasis and lineage stability
Authors: Alexandria Huynh, Michel DuPage, Bhavana Priyadharshini, Peter T Sage, Jason Quiros, Christopher M Borges, Natavudh Townamchai, Valerie A Gerriets, Jeffrey C Rathmell, Arlene H Sharpe, Jeffrey A Bluestone, Laurence A Turka
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HOLTER-DETECTED VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN MADIT-CRT PATIENTS
Authors: Suneet Mittal, Mehmet Aktas, Iwona Cygankiewicz, Scott McNitt, Jonathan Steinberg, Scott Solomon, Paul Wang, Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
As Texas Editor Heads American Medical News, Former Chiefs Recall the Paper's Origin, History
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

STILL thirtysomething but nearing its 40th year,<i>American Medical News</i>welcomes its 7th editor this week. She is Kathryn Trombatore, who moves to Chicago from Texas Medical Association headquarters in Austin, where she directed the Division of Communication. As the first editor since its founder not to come out of the ranks of<i>American Medical News</i>, she assumes responsibilities previously undertaken by a succession of Kansas newspapermen followed by the paper's first woman editor (who also was the first<i>AM News</i>editor to hold an AMA vice presidency). Most, if not all, encountered major challenges during their editorships. Yet Trombatore's 6 predecessors apparently are a hardy breed, relocated from coast to coast and remaining active in a variety of pursuits. Trombatore also will be directing a staff many of whose alumni have moved on-quietly or otherwise—to major editorial, public relations, law, teaching, or other positions. <h3>September 1958 Debut</h3> The first
James Conway William Wright ("Willie") Fulton Brian Gaunt Abraham George Frank Longden Ingram
Authors: P. Sleight, A. Riddell, M. Drury, M W Duffield, D. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1998)

He came to Britain in the 1930s, his career spanning several different activities.Firstly, he was a senior lecturer in physiology at Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, moving subsequently to the
Kinin cleavage by human erythrocytes
Authors: W. Sidorowicz, Peter C. Canizaro, Francis J. Běhal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract An aminopeptidase‐P has been purified 230‐fold from human erythrocytes. The purified enzyme cleaved arginine from des‐(Arg 9 )‐bradykinin (Arg‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Phe) had a molecular weight in nondenaturing buffers of 155,000 ± 6,900 daltons, was not inactivated by chelating agents, had a pH optimum of 7.2, and was stimulated by manganous ions. The aminopeptidase‐P was stable in intact erythrocytes for at least 21 days. Extensively washed and intact human erythrocytes cleaved arginine from exogenously supplied des‐(Arg 9 )‐bradykinin; arginine was the earliest‐appearing reaction product. Purified aminopeptidase‐P also cleaved a group of X‐proline dipeptides including leucyl‐proline, methionyl‐proline, phenylalanyl‐proline, arginyl‐proline, and alanyl‐proline. The total intra‐erythrocytic aminopeptidase‐P activity of the “average 70‐kg man” was 2,600 units, approximately five times the amount of activity in the total lung mass. The human erythrocyte aminopeptidase‐P activity was not tightly bound to the erythrocyte membrane. Intact erythrocytes also exhibited some kinin‐converting enzyme activity.
Randomized Trial of Peer Counseling on Reproductive Health in African American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Leslie R. Schover, Rosell Jenkins, Dawen Sui, Jennifer Harned Adams, Michelle S. Marion, Karen Eubanks Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

We designed a peer counseling program to improve sexual function, increase knowledge about reproductive health, and decrease menopausal symptoms and infertility-related distress for African American breast cancer survivors.Women were randomly assigned to immediate counseling or a 3-month waitlist. Three peer counselors conducted a 3-session intervention using a detailed workbook. Questionnaires at baseline, after the waitlist period, at posttreatment, and at 3-month follow-up assessed spirituality, sexual function, menopause symptoms, emotional distress, relationship satisfaction, fertility concerns, and knowledge about reproductive health and breast cancer. At the postcounseling assessment, women rated the workbook, their counselor, and the program.Of 93 women screened, 60 women (65%) enrolled in the study. Women who completed counseling (80%; N = 48) had a mean age of 49 years (standard deviation [SD], 8 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (SD, 3.8 years) since cancer diagnosis. Almost all rated the workbook as very easy to understand (94%) and their counselor as very knowledgeable (96%) and very skillful (98%). Eighty-one percent rated the program as "very useful to me." Immediate counseling and waitlist groups did not differ at baseline in psychologic adjustment, nor did scores change during the waitlist period. Therefore, the groups were combined in analyzing outcomes. Knowledge of reproductive issues improved significantly from baseline to 3-month follow-up (P < .0001), as did emotional distress (P = .0047) and menopause symptoms (P = .0128). Sexually dysfunctional women became less distressed (P = .0167).Women valued the Sisters Peer Intervention in Reproductive Issues After Treatment program highly and found it relevant. The program had positive effects on knowledge and target symptoms.
TWO CASES OF HAEMATURIA CAUSED BY INSULIN TREATMENT
Authors: R. D. Lawrence, A. S. Hollins
Journal: BMJ (1928)

IMZDICAL JOURNAL put this vaccine to as severe a test as possible in order to see whether its use could be recommended for-protection against yellow fever.Oil Mayv 15th six rhesus mnonkeys were eac inoculated subeutaneously with 1 c.cilm. of vaccinie which had beeni kept in the ice chest for fotur weeks.-None of these auimals slhowed aniy febrile reaction, althouiglh, as utsual, their temiperatures were taken every morning and eveninig.
Mandatory Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Patrick B. Storey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

One Step Forward — Two Steps BackThere is a tide in the affairs of men that — taken at the flood — can sweep them out to sea. The tide of "mandatory continuing medical education" is in full developmental surge. What began as a relatively small stimulus, to be applied only to volunteers, is now a shock to be endured by all.To begin at the beginning. American physicians —on the average — are among the most highly selected, best educated, most up-to-date professionals in action. They are competitive, have a vast amount of material available to help them . . .
The long QT syndrome: a prospective international study.
Authors: A J Moss, P J Schwartz, R S Crampton, E Locati, E Carleen
Journal: Circulation (1985)

During the past 4 years 196 patients with the idiopathic long QT syndrome were enrolled in a prospective international study conducted to obtain a better understanding of the clinical course of this unusual repolarization disorder. The mean patient age was 24 years, 64% were female, and 88% had family members with QT prolongation. During an average follow-up of 26 months per patient, four patients died suddenly (1.3% per year) and 27 patients had one or more syncopal episodes (8.6% per year). Multivariate analysis identified congenital deafness, history of syncope, female gender, and a documented episode of torsades de pointes or ventricular fibrillation as independent risk factors for postenrollment syncope or sudden death. Two types of treatment (left stellate ganglionectomy and beta-blocker therapy) were associated with a significant reduction in the occurrence of cardiac events during follow-up.
Influence of experimental hyperglycemia on microvascular blood perfusion of pancreatic islet isografts.
Authors: M D Menger, P Vajkoczy, R Leiderer, S Jäger, K Messmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The influence of hyperglycemia on the microvascular blood perfusion of pancreatic islet isografts of Syrian golden hamsters was analyzed by direct visualization of the islet's microvasculature by means of in vivo fluorescence microscopy. The experiments were performed using the hamster dorsal skinfold preparation, which allows for quantitative analysis of the microcirculation of islets grafted on the striated skin muscle. Islets were isolated from inbred hamsters by collagenase digestion and subsequently transplanted in normoglycemic (controls; n = 8) and hyperglycemic (65 mg/kg streptozotocin intravenously; n = 10) recipients. In both groups, revascularization of the islet grafts was completed on day 10 after transplantation. Quantitative analysis of capillary blood perfusion on days 6, 10, and 14 revealed no differences in functional capillary density and capillary red blood cell velocity of islets grafted into normoglycemic as compared to hyperglycemic animals. However, islet capillaries were significantly wider in hyperglycemic recipients (11.9 +/- 1.3 microns, P < 0.01) as compared to normoglycemic controls (8.9 +/- 0.4 microns). The increase of capillary diameters resulted in a significant rise (P < 0.01) of mean capillary blood perfusion from 1.76 +/- 0.39 nl/min in controls to 2.88 +/- 0.63 nl/min in hyperglycemic recipients, indicating an increase in microvascular blood perfusion due to hyperglycemia. From these results it is concluded that hyperglycemia is associated with higher capillary blood perfusion in revascularized islet isografts, similarly as known for pancreatic islets in situ.
Is Scale-Up Worth It? Challenges in Economic Analysis of Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis
Authors: David W. Dowdy, Adithya Cattamanchi, Karen R. Steingart, Madhukar Pai
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background: Scaling Up Rapid Diagnostic TestsSince 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved an unprecedented number of new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) [1,2].Most recently, Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Inc.; Sunnyvale, CA), an automated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with high accuracy in validation studies (72%-77% sensitivity for smear-negative TB, 99% specificity) [3,4], was endorsed by WHO [5] and reduced in price [6].To impact TB globally, Xpert MTB/RIF and other diagnostics must be scaled-up across numerous clinical settings, after careful evaluation of expected costs and benefits.Unfortunately, standard cost-effectiveness analyses are ill-suited to guide local decision-makers in directing scale-up activities.We demonstrate the limitations of standard economic analyses as applied to scale-up of TB diagnostics (specifically Xpert MTB/RIF), and recommend adaptations to future analyses that will facilitate rational and effective scale-up activities. Challenge #1: Estimating the Cost of False-Positive DiagnosesWhereas the costs of false-negative TB diagnoses can be summarized by project-The Essay section contains opinion pieces on topics of broad interest to a general medical audience.
Fat Assimilation after Massive Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: M. H. Kalser, C. A. Leite, W. D. Warren, C. Lusk Harper, J. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Fat assimilation was determined by 219 daily balance studies in seven patients who had had massive distal pancreatectomy for pancreatitis with preservation of the integrity of the gut lumen. Intraluminal contents were analyzed for pH, lipase concentration and hydrolytic products of neutral fat. In six patients with a 95 per cent pancreatectomy, the mean coefficient of fat absorption was 80 per cent, and fat absorption was significantly improved to the same degree whether pancreatic replacement therapy was given with meals or every hour during waking hours. Lipase concentrations of jejunal aspirates were 10 per cent of those in controls. Triglyceride hydrolysis in the pancreatectomized patients was normal, but there was impaired lipolysis of diglycerides. Five of these six patients had impairment of glucose metabolism requiring 22 to 50 units of insulin daily. In one patient with a 75 per cent pancreatectomy fat assimilation was normal.
INTRADURAL CAUDAL ANESTHESIA IN UROLOGY
Authors: GEORGE H. EWELL
Journal: JAMA (1931)

With the development of modern methods of examination in urology, it will be found, in the examination and treatment of any group of urologic patients, that a certain percentage will require complete anesthesia of the urethra and bladder. Regional anesthesia in some form is particularly applicable in these patients. Urologic surgeons generally have adapted some form of regional anesthesia for urologic surgery; the benefits that their debilitated, septic and elderly patients have received from regional anesthesia have been manifold. Before the introduction of epidural caudal and sacral anesthesia, the urologist had his choice of local anesthesia, by means of the topical application of cocaine and other anesthetic agents to the urethra, or some method of general anesthesia. The use of local anesthesia in the urethra is successful to a certain degree, permitting satisfactory cystoscopic and other manipulations in some cases. Cocaine is the only drug that will produce satisfactory anesthesia