tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDA Proposes New Labeling for Over-the-Counter Sunscreen Products
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Design of Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hiroyuki Kamata, Xiang Li, Ung‐il Chung, Takamasa Sakai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Hydrogels are considered key tools for the design of biomaterials, such as wound dressings, drug reservoirs, and temporary scaffolds for cells. Despite their potential, conventional hydrogels have limited applicability under wet physiological conditions because they suffer from the uncontrollable temporal change in shape: swelling takes place immediately after the installation. Swollen hydrogels easily fail under mechanical stress. The morphological change may cause not only the slippage from the installation site but also local nerve compression. The design of hydrogels that can retain their original shape and mechanical properties in an aqueous environment is, therefore, of great importance. On the one hand, the controlled degradation of used hydrogels has to be realized in some biomedical applications. This Progress Report provides a brief overview of the recent progress in the development of hydrogels for biomedical applications. Practical approaches to control the swelling properties of hydrogels are discussed. The designs of hydrogels with controlled degradation properties as well as the theoretical models to predict the degradation behavior are also introduced. Moreover, current challenges and limitation toward biomedical applications are discussed, and future directions are offered.
Uric Acid Nephropathy in Leukemia
Authors: Robert T. Herrington, Harold J. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A NEPHROPATHY manifested by hyperuricemia, azotemia, oliguria and occasionally complete anuria has been described as a complication during therapy of neoplasms of the hematopoietic system.1 2 3 The syndrome is assumed to result from intrarenal or extrarenal urinary obstruction by uric acid crystals. Awareness of this complication is prevalent although reports of its occurrence in children are seldom found in the literature.1 , 4 Prevention of this nephropathy depends upon recognition of the conditions under which it occurs so that adequate measures may be promptly taken to increase the solubility of uric acid in the urine. The administration of large quantities of fluid and . . .
Copeptin Improves Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Till Keller, Stergios Tzikas, Tanja Zeller, Ewa Czyz, Lars Lillpopp, Francisco M. Ojeda, Alexander Roth, Christoph Bickel, Stephan Baldus, Christoph R. Sinning, Philipp S. Wild, Edith Lubos, Dirk Peetz, Jan Kunde, Oliver Hartmann, Andreas Bergmann, Felix Post, Karl J. Lackner, Sabine Genth-Zotz, Viviane Nicaud, Laurence Tiret, Thomas F. Münzel, Stefan Blankenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Why the adaptationist perspective must be considered: The example of morbid jealousy
Authors: Judith A. Easton, Lucas D. Schipper, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We describe delusional disorder–jealous type (“morbid jealousy”) with the adaptationist perspective used by Darwinian psychiatrists and evolutionary psychologists to explain the relatively common existence and continued prevalence of mental disorders. We then apply the “harmful dysfunction” analysis to morbid jealousy, including a discussion of this disorder as (1) an end on a continuum of normal jealousy or (2) a discrete entity.
Review: Computed tomography angiography is highly accurate for diagnosing significant stenosis in peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Hiroyuki Niinuma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Met R, Bipat S, Legemate DA, Reekers JA, Koelemay MJ. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301:415-24. 19176443
Beryllium Sensitization Progresses to Chronic Beryllium Disease
Authors: Lee S. Newman, Margaret M. Mroz, Ronald Balkissoon, Lisa A. Maier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test is used in medical surveillance to identify both beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. Approximately 50% of individuals with beryllium sensitization have chronic beryllium disease at the time of their initial clinical evaluation; however, the rate of progression from beryllium sensitization to chronic beryllium disease is unknown. We monitored a cohort of beryllium-sensitized patients at 2-year intervals, using bronchoalveolar lavage and repeated transbronchial lung biopsies to determine progression to chronic beryllium disease as evidenced by granulomatous inflammation in lung tissue. Fifty-five individuals with beryllium sensitization were monitored with a range of 2 to 5 clinical evaluations. Disease developed in 17 sensitized individuals (31%) within an average follow-up period of 3.8 years (range, 1.0–9.5 years). Thirty-eight of the 55 (69%) remained beryllium sensitized without disease after an average follow-up time of 4.8 years (range, 1.7–11.6 years). Progressors were more likely to have worked as machinists. We found no difference in average age, sex, race or ethnicity, smoking status, or beryllium exposure time between those who progressed to chronic beryllium disease and those who remained sensitized without disease. We conclude that beryllium sensitization is an adverse health effect in beryllium-exposed workers and merits medical follow-up.
Letter: Reorganization of health servies and the N.H.S. number.
Authors: R R West
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Reorganization of Health Services and the N.H.S. Number SIR,-At a time of reorganization of the National Health Services it would seem ex- pedient to examine the benefits of restruc- turing the N.H.S. number.That number provides unique and p_rmanent identiiication of all individuals in the country, and in- cre-asing use is being made of it in medical record lnkage.'However, it is exceptionally cumbersome to use because of its length and the variability of its format.2Individuals sel- dom know their own numbers, and the
The beta-secretase-derived C-terminal fragment of APP (C99): a key determinant for intraneuronal pathology in the 3xTgAD mouse
Authors: Inger Lauritzen, Raphaelle Pardossi-Piquard, Charlotte Druon, Elizabeth Brigham, Daniel Abraham, Sébatien Ranaldi, Linda Chami, Julie Dunys, Fréderic Checler
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Triple-transgenic mice (3xTgAD) overexpressing Swedish-mutated b-amyloid-precursor-protein (APPswe), P310L-Tau (TauP301L) and physiological levels of M146Vpresenilin-1 (PS1M146V) display extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) deposits and Tau tangles at late ages. These mice also show an early, age-dependent and hippocampus specific accumulation of intra-neuronal APPrelated materiel, which was firstly reported to correspond to Abeta. However, more recent work has disputed the presence of intra-neuronal Abeta and questioned its role in synaptic pathology and behavior.
Hepatocellular Cytoplasmic Changes in Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Fenton Schaffner
Journal: JAMA (1963)

EPISODES of jaundice and hepatic insufficiency occur at any time during the course of the fatty liver-cirrhosis syndrome in alcoholics. The clinical features and laboratory findings vary from signs of severe hepatocellular failure and death to almost pure cholestasis sometimes with hypercholesterolemia.<sup>1-3</sup>The only common factor in all patients is the intake of large quantities of alcoholic beverages. In liver biopsy specimens, varying amounts of fat and fibrosis are present although hepatocellular necrosis and a polymorphonuclear leukocytic inflammatory response are frequent.<sup>1,4,5</sup>This led to the application of the terms "acute alcoholic" hepatitis, "toxic hepatitis," and active or "florid" cirrhosis to this heterogeneous group of cases. The cause of the hepatocellular damage has been variously ascribed to toxic effects of ethyl alcohol, additives and congeners in alcoholic beverages, to nutritional imbalance, and to deficiencies of proteins, vitamins, cofactors and choline, as well as to the presence of fat
608 ASSOCIATION OF HLA AND COGNATE NK CELL INHIBITORY RECEPTOR GENES WITH PROGRESSION TO CIRRHOSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. Kohla, Y. Phung, B. Lan, K.M. Singh, J.E. Mattson, S. Chan, S. Rheault, Y. Dayter, I. Rudnick, A. Wakil, R. Osorio, S. Feng, S. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Pre-treatment prediction of response to pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C using genetic polymorphism in IL28B and viral factors
Authors: Masayuki Kurosaki, Yasuhito Tanaka, Nao Nishida, Naoya Sakamoto, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Masao Honda, Masaya Sugiyama, Kentaro Matsuura, Fuminaka Sugauchi, Yasuhiro Asahina, Mina Nakagawa, Mamoru Watanabe, Minoru Sakamoto, Shinya Maekawa, Akito Sakai, Shuichi Kaneko, Kiyoaki Ito, Naohiko Masaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Namiki Izumi, Masashi Mizokami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hidradenitis suppurativa as a presenting feature of premature adrenarche
Authors: F. LEWIS, A. G. MESSENGER, J.K.H. WALES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a girl with premature adrenarche, in whom the presenting feature was hidradenitis suppurativa. This association lends support to the view that hidradenitis suppurativa is an androgen-dependent disorder.
Effect of packed cell volume on diastolic coronary artery pressure-flow relations in the dog
Authors: F. KAJIYA, K. TSUJIOKA, Y. OGASAWARA, Y. WADA, O. HIRAMATSU, M. GOTO, M. NAKAI, S. TADAOKA, S. MATSUOKA, Y. SHA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

To elucidate the role of the haemorheological properties of the perfusate in the coronary circulation, the diastolic pressure-flow relation was studied in nine open chest heart blocked dogs with minimal vasomotor tone when blood with various packed cell volumes (12-67%) was used as perfusate. An electrical analogue model with proximal resistance R1, capacitance C, distal resistance R2, and the zero flow pressure intercept Pint was derived from the observation of the pressure-flow relation to support the data analysis. The diastolic pressure decay was then determined after the perfusion line had been clamped to calculate stop flow coronary artery pressure (Psf). The stop flow coronary artery pressure decreased in relation to packed cell volume (r=0.45, p<0.01), and the value for the lowest packed cell volume (10-29%) was slightly higher than the great cardiac vein pressure (about 3 mmHg). The zero flow pressure intercept of the steady state pressure-flow relation showed a close correlation with the stop flow coronary artery pressure (r=0.87, p<0.001). The value of R1+R2, which reflects the inverse of the steady state pressure-flow slope, decreased simultaneously with the packed cell volume (r=0.62, p<0.001). The resistance ratio R2/(R1+R2) by our model prediction decreased in relation to packed cell volume (r=0.5, p<0.001). The values of stop flow coronary artery pressure, zero flow pressure intercept, and R1+R2 for the highest packed cell volume (50–69%) were 17.8(1.1) mmHg, 25.1(1.3) mmHg, and 0.48(0.05) mmHg·ml−1min·l00 g−1 respectively, whereas those for the lowest packed cell volume (10–29%) were 13.4(0.8) mmHg, 19.7(1.0) mmHg, and 0.24(0.02) mmHg·ml−1·min·100 g−1. The pressure difference between the stop flow coronary artery pressure and the zero flow pressure intercept may be due to the non-linearity in the pressure-flow relation at a low perfusion pressure. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure and great cardiac vein pressure did not change in relation to the packed cell volume of the coronary perfusate. Thus it is concluded that packed cell volume is one factor determining the high zero flow pressure.
Acute removal of common sepsis mediators does not explain the effects of extracorporeal blood purification in experimental sepsis
Authors: Zhi Yong Peng, Hong Zhi Wang, Melinda J. Carter, Morgan V. Dileo, Jeffery V. Bishop, Fei Hu Zhou, Xiao Yan Wen, Thomas Rimmelé, Kai Singbartl, William J. Federspiel, Gilles Clermont, John A. Kellum
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Abstract 4835: Bif-1 induces the fission of Golgi membranes to generate Atg9-containing vesicles for autophagosome formation
Authors: Yoshinori Takahashi, Cheryl L. Meyerkord, Kristin Gonsar, Tsukasa Hori, Hong-Gang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dysregulation of autophagy, an intracellular bulk degradation system, is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cancer. Despite the identification of 31 genes that are essential for autophagy, the molecular machineries that regulate the generation and expansion of autophagosomal membranes are not fully understood. We have previously reported that Bif-1 interacts with Beclin 1 through UVRAG and that loss of Bif-1 suppresses the formation of autophagosomes during starvation. Here, we provide further evidence that Bif-1 acts with the PI3KC3 complex II (Beclin 1-UVRAG-PI3KC3; PI3KC3C2) to regulate the formation of autophagosomes by regulating the trafficking of the membrane-integrated, autophagy-related (Atg) protein, Atg9, by inducing the fission of Golgi membranes during the induction of autophagy. In response to starvation, Bif-1 co-accumulates with Atg9 in cytosolic foci that are positive for Golgi complex-derived membranes. Loss of Bif-1 or inhibition of the PI3KC3C2 not only suppresses the fragmentation of Golgi membranes and the Atg9-containing vesicles that are induced by nutrient starvation or rapamycin treatment, but also results in the accumulation of Atg9 at the Golgi complex. Importantly, Bif-1 mutants, which lack membrane binding and/or bending activity by deletion of the helix 0, helix 1 insertion, or both regions of the Bif-1 N-BAR domain, fail to restore rapamycin-induced formation of Atg9 foci and autophagosomes in Bif-1-deficient cells. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopic analyses reveal that Atg9 localizes not only to autophagosomal membranes but also crescent-shaped isolation membrane-like structures during starvation. These results suggest that Bif-1, together with the PI3KC3C2, plays a key role in the fission of Golgi membranes, which generates Atg9-containing vesicles for the formation and expansion of autophagosomal membranes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4835.
Anonymity and Alcoholics Anonymous-Reply
Authors: None David
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The program and principles of AA are explained in detail in the book,<i>Alcoholics Anonymous</i>,<sup>1</sup>in which may be found the "Twelve Steps" and "Twelve Traditions." Tradition 11 states: "Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio and films." Since I regard The Journal as "press" and since I subscribe to all the traditions, I choose to sign only my first name in anything appearing in print.
SOME HORMONAL, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING LIPID PEROXIDATION BY RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO*
Authors: William G. Blackard, Michael F. Ball, Frank L. Engel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The action of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, and other hormones in stimulating the release of free fatty acids (FFA) by hydrolysis of triglycer- ides in adipose tissue incubated in vitro is now well established (1).These same hormones also profoundly influence the utilization of glucose by adipose tissue.There is considerable evidence that the alterations in carbohydrate utilization noted in the in vitro studies may be consequences of changing intracellular concentrations of FFA, resulting from lipolysis, rather than direct and independent effects of the hormones on glucose metabolism (2-4).Since the triglycerides involved in lipolysis in- clude both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the possibility occurred to us that peroxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids might occur under the conditions of aerobic incubation customarily em- ployed with adipose tissue.The peroxides and hydroperoxides which result from the oxidation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids are unstable and decompose to products which include malonyl- aldehyde, as well as other compounds which yield malonylaldehyde on acid hydrolysis (5, 6).Ma- lonylaldehyde reacts with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form a pink chromogen with an ab- sorption maximum at 530 m,4 (7-9) (Figure 1).The TBA reaction has been widely used in the study of the lipid peroxidation that occurs in re- sponse to ultraviolet irradiation (10), ionizing ra- diation (11), during vitamin E deficiency (12), and in the development of rancidity of fats and oils
Fibroblastic rheumatism: clinical, histological, immunohistological, ultrastructural and biochemical study of a case
Authors: J.PH. LACOUR, F.X. MAQUART, G. BELLON, P. GILLERY, P. LEPEYTRE, G. ZIEGLER, J.P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a case of fibroblastic rheumatism (FR). Only eight other cases of this recently described entity have been reported previously. FR is characterized hy polyarthralgia and joint stiffness without joint destruction, associated with cutaneous nodules and sclerodactyly. Histology shows an increase in the number of fihroblasts and marked dermal fibrosis, Rheumatological and skin manifestations may improve with corticosteroid therapy. In our patient, immunohistochemical studies of involved and uninvolved skin showed an increase in fibronectin and tenascin deposition. In the dermis, the hyperplastic cells had phenotypic features of muscle, suggesting myofihrohlastic differentiation. Ultrastructural study showed an increase in active fibroblastic cells with features of myofibroblasts. A hyperproliferative capacity was observed in fibroblasts cultured from involved skin. Biochemical studies of the production of collagen and non-collagen proteins were performed on these cultured cells, and showed a reduction in collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis hy FR fihrohlasts. Thus, FR appears to differ from other fibrotic skin diseases such as scleroderma, in that dermal fihrosis may be due predominantly to fibroblast proliferation with myofihrohlastic differentiation, without any increase in collagen synthesis.
Assessment of Experts' Approach to Insulin Therapy and Development of a Simulator for Diabetes Insulin Adjustment
Authors: Thomas Hauser, Edward W Kraegen, Lesley V Campbell, Paul J Compton, Claude Sammut, Donald J Chisholm
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective — To develop a computer program (Macintosh) to predict changes in blood glucose after changes in insulin dose, timing, and regimen. Research Design and Methods — We established program parameters (apparent insulin action profiles; different for insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) to match predictions by five diabetes specialists at our hospital of blood glucose changes after insulin-dose adjustment in 22 hypothetical patient cases. We compared the action profiles, which represent the blood glucose changes predicted by the experts with glucose-clamp studies of insulin action. We tested the program's performance in 22 different hypothetical cases against the responses of 15 specialists from outside our hospital. Results — The specialists, when predicting effects of insulin dose adjustment, integrate numerous processes (insulin action, diet, sequential blood glucose interactions). They could not specify algorithms for determining these individual factors, but they could easily predict the overall effect in the context of patient cases. The computer program's insulin-action profiles simulate this “composite” approach. The developed program incorporates multiple insulin regimens, which may be changed during the stimulation, and adjusts predicted responses according to the patient's estimated sensitivity to insulin. Its predicted change in 172 blood glucose levels (22 cases) correlated well with the corresponding means of the outside specialists (r = 0.83, P = 0.0001). Comparing this correlation with that of individual specialists ranked the program third. Conclusions —A computer program can simulate specialists' “composite” approach (not based purely on conscious application of physiological data) to insulin adjustment.
Priorities for immunisation against hepatitis B.
Authors: A J Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of low dose methotrexate (MTX) on bone using data from a large multicenter, cross-sectional study on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We selected 731 female patients with RA divided into 2 groups on the basis of MTX use: never MTX users (n = 485) and MTX users for at least 6 months (n = 246). Demographic, disease, and treatment related variables were collected for each patient. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and proximal femur by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was defined as BMD &lt; -2.5 T-score. RESULTS: The frequency of osteoporosis among never MTX users and MTX users was 29.1% and 28.3% (p = NS) for lumbar spine, and 34.8% and 37.8% (p = NS) for femoral neck, respectively. Mean T-score values at lumbar spine and femoral neck were comparable in the 2 groups, even after adjusting for age, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, and steroid use. The generalized linear model showed that age, menopause, BMI, HAQ score, and steroid use were significant independent predictors of BMD at lumbar or at femoral level, whereas MTX use was not. Logistic procedure showed that only age, HAQ score, and BMI were significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: We found no negative effect of low dose MTX on BMD in women with RA.
UK academics gain free access to database of patients
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Medical Research Council is hoping to boost research in the United Kingdom by paying for a five year licence that will allow academic groups free access to the general practice research database.

The database, which holds primary care records on more than nine million patients in the UK and which has been running since 1987, has provided researchers from all over the world with epidemiological data …