tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Farmer's Lung in Scotland: A Pilot Survey
Authors: I. W. B. Grant, W. Blyth, V. E. Wardrop, R. M. Gordon, J. C. G. Pearson, A. Mair
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a survey of the farming population of Orkney, Ayrshire, and East Lothian the prevalence of farmer's lung was estimated at 86 per 1,000 in both Orkney and Ayrshire and 23 per 1,000 in East Lothian. If cases with a negative farmer's lung hay (F.L.H.) precipitin test are excluded these figures are reduced to 43, 36, and nil respectively, but those for Orkney and Ayrshire are still about 20 times higher than any figure previously reported for the prevalence of farmer's lung in Britain.Regional variations in prevalence are probably related both to climatic conditions and to differences in agricultural methods, the latter often being dictated by economic circumstances. Nevertheless the prevalence of farmer's lung could be reduced considerably by the energetic application of preventive measures, backed by financial incentives. The most important of these are efficient drying of hay and cereals before storage, more extensive use of silage, better ventilation of farm buildings, and the introduction of mechanical feeding systems. Individual farmworkers could be taught how to recognize the early symptoms of the disease and encouraged to wear respirators when handling mouldy fodder.
Brief Report: Corrections to the Brief Report on Refractory Sprue: Successful Treatment of Refractory Sprue with Cyclosporine
Authors: George F. Longstreth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections1 March 1994Corrections to the Brief Report on Refractory SprueFREEGeorge F. LongstrethGeorge F. LongstrethSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00034 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Corrections should be made to a recent brief report [1] on the treatment of refractory sprue with cyclosporine. First, in the next to last sentence of paragraph 2 of the Case Report section, DQ216 should be DQ2/6. Second, in the Acknowledgments section, the name of Dr. Martin F. Kagnoff was misspelled. Third, reference 6 was omitted from the reference list and is as follows: 6. Kagnoff M. Understanding the molecular basis of coeliac disease. Gut. 1990; 31:497-9.REFERENCE1. Longstreth GF. Successful treatment of refractory sprue with cyclosporine. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:1014-6. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 443 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Metabolic Studies in a Patient with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Authors: C. E. Dent, L. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

In 1939 Flocks focused attention on the fact that the urinary excretion of calcium is high in many patients who form calcium-containing renal stones. This was again emphasized by Hodgkinson and Pyrah (1958), who found a high daily urinary excretion of calcium much more frequently in their stone-forming patients than in their controls. The difference was particularly marked in males. Albright et al. (1953) introduced the term  hypercalciuria  to describe a syndrome of renal stone formation with high urinary calcium excretion, normal plasma calcium, and frequently a low plasma phosphorus level. They suggested that renal tubular damage, possibly due to staphylo coccal pyelonephritis, was the primary lesion. The syndrome was much more common in male patients. The same group (Henneman et al.) reported further experience in 1958, by which time it was clear that most of these hypercalciuric patients belonged to this idiopathic group. Considerable interest has since arisen in trying to explain the mechanism of the hypercalciuria. Henneman et al. found a low faecal calcium in four of their patients and concluded,  if the find ing of a decreased faecal calcium excretion is confirmed in further patients it would strengthen the suspicion that this hypercalciuria reflects a metabolic cause and not merely a peripheral renal defect. Parfitt et al. (1964) have reported a low faecal calcium in five patients with idiopathic hyper calciuria.
Unrecognised dehydration during parenteral nutrition?
Authors: G F Batstone, A E Gent
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The paper by Giacchino and his colleagues,7 on which your recommendations for manage- ment are so clearly based, was criticised in the subsequent discussion for its conclusions that colonoscopy should not be performed and it is surprising that you should perpetuate this erroneous conclusion.There is clearly much evidence to support a co-ordinated approach to the problem of massive bleeding from the large bowel, involving the gastroenterologist, endoscopist, radiologist, and surgeon in a joint and flexible approach to investigation and management rather than adherence to the more rigid flow chart suggested.
Visceral Larva Migrans and Peripheral Retinitis
Authors: Michael J. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Ocular nematodiasis due to Toxocara canis occurred in a girl 6 years of age who had no history of contact with kittens or puppies, no history of an illness suggesting visceral larva migrans, and no eosinophilia. The left-eye inflammation was observed for over a year and changed very little. It was characterized by a heavy cellular anterior vitreous-body exudate, a large gray mass of exudate in the lower region of the ciliary body, ora serrata, and peripheral retina, and macular and optic-disk edema. Previous surgery had been done for a patent ductus arteriosus. Following the surgery, the patient had cyanosis, and she died about 18 months later of pulmonary hypertension. The eyes were obtained at autopsy, and the right eye was found to be normal. Examination of the left eye showed a larva morphologically identical with T canis within the lower peripheral retinal tissues.
859-3 Pro B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement for the emergency diagnosis of congestive heart failure: The ProBNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department study (PRIDE)
Authors: James L Januzzi, Carlos A Camargo, Saif Anwaruddin, Aaron Baggish, Annabel Chen, Daniel Krauser, Roderick Tung, Toby Nagurney, Claudia Chae, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, David F Brown, Patrick M Sluss, Elizabeth L Lewandrowski, Kent B Lewandrowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Biliary atresia: Current concepts and research directions. Summary of a symposium
Authors: W F Balistreri, R Grand, J H Hoofnagle, F J Suchy, F C Ryckman, D H Perlmutter, R J Sokol
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Biliary atresia (BA) is the end result of a destructive, inflammatory process that affects intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to fibrosis and obliteration of the biliary tract with the development of biliary cirrhosis. It is the commonest cause of chronic cholestasis in infants and children, and therefore is the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in this age group. The disease occurs worldwide, affecting an estimated 1 in 8,000 to 12,000 live births. At present, there is no specific therapy for BA; however, sequential surgical therapy begins with creation of a hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE); in those with end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation is indicated. Since most candidates are young children of small size, there is a shortage of size-matched donors for liver transplantation. At present, an increased awareness to ensure early diagnosis and development of methods to prevent progressive fibrosis are needed. These considerations are dependent on detailed studies of the pathogenesis of BA. Recent studies have focused on normal and altered bile duct morphogenesis and the role of various factors (infectious or toxic agents and metabolic insults) in isolation or in combination with a genetic or immunologic susceptibility in the etiology of BA.
A myeloma paraprotein with specificity for platelet glycoprotein IIIa in a patient with a fatal bleeding disorder.
Authors: G DiMinno, F Coraggio, A M Cerbone, A M Capitanio, C Manzo, M Spina, P Scarpato, G M Dattoli, P L Mattioli, M Mancini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Impaired platelet aggregation, normal shape change, and agglutination and normal ATP secretion and thromboxane synthesis in response to high concentrations of thrombin or arachidonic acid were found in a patient with multiple myeloma and hemorrhagic tendency. The purified IgG1 kappa or its F(ab1)2 fragments induced similar changes when added in vitro to platelet-rich plasma from normal subjects. In addition, the paraprotein inhibited adhesion to glass microbeads, fibrin clot retraction, and binding of radiolabeled fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor to platelets exposed to thrombin or arachidonic acid without affecting intraplatelet levels of cAMP. The radiolabeled para-protein bound to an average of 35,000 sites on normal platelets but it bound to less than 2,000 sites on the platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that the platelet antigen identified by the paraprotein was the glycoprotein IIIa. Furthermore, binding of radiolabeled prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to resting platelets as well as binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets stimulated with ristocetin were entirely normal in the presence of patient's inhibitor. These studies indicate that bleeding occurring in dysproteinemia may be the result of a specific interaction of monoclonal paraproteins with platelets. In addition, our data support the concept that the interaction of fibrinogen and/or von Willebrand factor with the platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex is essential for effective hemostasis.
The first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Mainland China
Authors: Hongjie Yu, Yuelong Shu, Shixiong Hu, Hong Zhang, Zhancheng Gao, Hualan Chen, Jie Dong, Cuiling Xu, Ye Zhang, Nijuan Xiang, Min Wang, Yuanji Guo, Nancy Cox, Wilina Lim, Dexin Li, Yu Wang, Weizhong Yang
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Prognosis and prognostic research: application and impact of prognostic models in clinical practice
Authors: K. G M Moons, D. G Altman, Y. Vergouwe, P. Royston
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An accurate prognostic model is of no benefit if it is not generalisable or doesn't change behaviour. In the last article in their series <b>Karel Moons and colleagues </b>discuss how to determine the practical value of models
PREOPERATIVE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION HAS AN ADVERSE EFFECT IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION UNDERGOING THE MITRACLIP PROCEDURE
Authors: Takashi Matsumoto, Wen–Loong Yeow, Asma Hussaini, Mane Arabyan, Amin Manuchehry, Mamoo Nakamura, Moody Makar, Swaminatha Gurudevan, Takahiro Shiota, Alfredo Trento, Saibal Kar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A follow-up of four cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: is gadolinium the specific trigger?
Authors: M. Singh, A. Davenport, I. Clatworthy, J. Lewin, F. Deroide, V. Hubbard, M.H.A. Rustin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

We originally reported four patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in the British Journal of Dermatology in 2003, and now present an update of their outcome. All four patients (three females and one male) presented within a six month period at our institution, and had received gadolinium contrast agents prior to disease onset. Two patients with functioning renal transplants had limited cutaneous disease, two patients maintained on haemodialysis had more severe disease and died one year after disease onset. Gadolinium deposition was demonstrated in lesional skin of one patient using electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Renin-substrate reaction. An embarkation premise.
Authors: M P Sambhi
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The effects of norepinephrine (NE) on arterioles and venules and measured arteriolar wall (W) to lumen (L) ratios in the hamster cheek pouch were compared during the development of hypertension (HT) during sustained HT and following antihypertensive therapy.After the determination of baseline blood pressures in 25 hamsters, the cheek pouch microcirculation was evaluated (day O).NE (0.5-1,000 ng) was applied in 3.35-/zl volumes to arterioles and venules.An image shearer was used to measure W/L ratios prior to drug application and vessel diameter after NE application.Fifteen of the hamsters then were prepared according to the technique of GroUman in order to induce HT, while the remaining 10 were sham-operated.The cheek pouch microcirculation again was evaluated 15 days (early phase of HT) and 70 days (later phase of HT) following surgery.Then, both groups were placed on propranolol therapy for 20 days and the cheek pouch microcirculation again was evaluated.Both arterial blood pressure and arteriolar sensitivity to NE were significantly increased in the GroUman hamsters at day 15, compared with nonnotensive controls.No significant changes occurred at this time in either venular sensitivity or arteriolar W/L ratios.AU three variables were increased at day 70.After 20 days of propranolol treatment, arterial blood pressure decreased in the GroUman hamsters and vascular sensitivity was not different from nonnotensive controls; however, arteriolar W/L ratios were still elevated.These studies clearly show that, in the present model, the hypertensive state is paralleled by an increase in arteriolar but not venular sensitivity and the vascular structural changes are the result rather than the cause of HT.
Schizophrenia in Veteran Twins: A Diagnostic Review
Authors: MARTIN G. ALLEN, STEPHEN COHEN, WILLIAM POLLIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors performed a systematic diagnostic review of the records of all twin pairs with a psychotic diagnosis in the Veteran Twin Registry. They found 274 pairs of twins (313 individuals) in which one or both were "clearly" schizophrenic, a frequency of 0.98 percent. The monozygotic (MZ) concordance was 27.4 percent, the dizygotic (DZ) concordance was 4.8 percent, and the MZ/DZ ratio was 5.7. Compared with the results of a computer search, these results present a higher MZ concordance and MZ/DZ ratio. The authors also review the results of the major twin studies of schizophrenia, which indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are significant in the occurrence of schizophrenia.
Thermography Following a Carotid Transient Ischemic Episode
Authors: Terrance D. Capistrant
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A patient with a facial thermogram indicative of poor circulation in the carotid tree had normal appearing extracranial arteries at the time of angiography. Retinal arterial microemboli were present, suggesting that microembolic episodes may have been responsible for the positive thermogram and for certain "false-positive" thermograms in prior reports.
Letter by Tsuda Regarding Article, “Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Antagonist TM5441 Attenuates N <sup>ω</sup> -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester–Induced Hypertension and Vascular Senescence”
Authors: Kazushi Tsuda
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We read with great interest the article by Dr Boe and colleagues 1 dealing with the effect of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antagonist TM5441 in a mouse model with nitric oxide (NO)deficiency.The results of their study demonstrated that TM5441 attenuated the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in mice that had received N ω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).In addition, TM5441-treated mice had a significant reduction in periaortic fibrosis.Furthermore, the authors showed that TM5441 prevented the decrease in telomere length induced by L-NAME treatment.The authors proposed that PAI-1 inhibition might improve NO production and bioavailability and be a novel approach in preventing vascular aging and hypertension.Evidence indicates that PAI-1 might strongly be related to leptin, which is expressed in adipose tissue.It was reported that plasma PAI-1 levels were associated with plasma leptin levels, and further demonstrated that leptin per se potentially increased plasma PAI-1 levels in obese subjects. 2Recently, Valle Jiménez et al 3 showed that changes in plasma leptin levels might independently predict changes in plasma PAI-1 levels in obese children.On the other hand, Frühbeck et al 4 demonstrated that leptin infusion increased blood pressure in rats under NO synthase inhibition, and suggested that leptin might have a balanced effect on blood pressure with a pressor response attributable to sympathetic activation and a depressor response attributable to NO release.In a study presented previously, we also showed that the relaxing effect of leptin on blood vessels was partially mediated by the NO-dependent mechanism. 5In this context, we speculate that leptin-induced NO might actively participate in the homeostasis of not only blood pressure but also vascular tone.Therefore, we would like to know whether plasma leptin levels might be altered by the treatment of the PAI-1 antagonist TM5441, and whether leptininduced NO might relate, at least in part, to the preventing effect of the PAI-1 antagonist against hypertension and vascular damages in the study of Dr Boe and colleagues.Further studies should be required to assess more precisely the interactions of PAI-1 and other adipokines such as leptin, and the mechanisms underlying the preventing effect of the PAI-1 antagonist against vascular disease and arteriosclerosis.
Forensic Medicine: A Study in Trauma and Environmental Hazards
Authors: David M. Spain
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It is difficult to assess these three volumes, a courageous and well-intentioned attempt to integrate the technical and functional aspects of harmful acts and injurious agents, the gathering of evidence with the legal, medical, and economic concerns of forensic science. The prime reason has been the sad fact that the late and noted pathologist Dr C. G. Tedeschi, the originator and senior editor of this work, was in failing health during a good part of its production. Perhaps the other editors were otherwise preoccupied or did not fully comprehend the intended plan. How else can one explain the confusing lack of correlation between the arrangement of the various chapters and the particular titles of these volumes,<i>Mechanical Trauma, Physical Injuries</i>, and<i>Environmental Hazards?</i>These divisions in themselves are arbitrary, ambiguous, and overlapping. Then there is no clear plan of the relationship and sequential arrangement of the various subjects with each
US court ruling gives broad free speech protection to scientific articles
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of FASL, FAS and FADD and caspase-3 in oesophagus, stomach and colonic tissues of mice irradiated in vivo by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 adult male C57BL mice were distributed into four groups: Ami<sup>−</sup>/Rad<sup>−</sup>: Mice received 0.5 ml of 0.9% physiological saline solution (PPS) intraperitioneally (i.p.); Ami<sup>+</sup>/Rad<sup>−</sup>: mice received amifostine (400mg/kg i.p.) freshly dissolved in double-distilled water; Ami<sup>−</sup>/Rad<sup>+</sup>: mice received 0.5 ml of PSS i.p. 30 min before a single whole-body radiation dose of 7 Gy; Ami<sup>+</sup>/Rad<sup>+</sup>: mice received 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution of 400 mg/kg amifostine i.p.30 min prior to irradiation. All groups were assigned into subgroups sacrificed at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after irradiation. Results. In oesophagus and stomach tissues, we did not observe any difference between Ami<sup>−</sup>/ad<sup>−</sup>, Ami<sup>+</sup>/Rad<sup>−</sup>, Ami<sup>−</sup>/Rad<sup>+</sup> and Ami<sup>+</sup>/Rad<sup>+</sup> groups in the expression of FASL, FAS and FADD. The colonic tissue was the only to exhibit any difference in the expression of FAS and caspase-3 protein in the Ami<sup>−</sup>/Rad<sup>+</sup>group at 1 and 2 h. Amifostine increased FAS and caspase-3 immunoexpression when compared to the control. Immunoexpression for FASL and FADD was not remarkably different in colonic tissue. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrate that amifostine increases FAS and caspase-3 expression in colonic tissue of irradiated mice.
A1.15 Rheumatoid arthritis patients possess a reduced number of IL-10 producing CD27<sup>+</sup>regulatory B cells
Authors: Z Bankó, J Pozsgay, Gy Nagy, T Gáti, B Rojkovich, G Sármay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Regulatory B cells (Breg) are newly defined B cell subsets that downregulate the immune response. The pleiotrophic cytokine, IL-10 seemed to be responsible for this function. B cells play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore this study was undertaken to identify the optimal stimuli (BCR, CpG, CD40L) that induce Breg cells, furthermore, our aim was to compare the number of Breg in RA patients and healthy controls. We also aimed to examine, which inflammatory cytokines are produced by B cells in response to the same stimuli. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Blood samples were collected from healthy donors and RA patients. Intracellular IL-6, IL-10 and TNF were measured in purified B cells and in PBMC. Cytokines were detected in B cells prior or after stimulation by intracellular fluorescent staining using specific antibodies. IL-10, IL-6, TNF, IL-1b and INFg were measured in the supernatants of purified B cell with FlowCytomix multiplex bead array. <h3>Results</h3> At our experimental conditions, dual stimulation by CpG and CD40L for 48 h was found to be optimal for IL-10 induction in B cells. We identified CD19<sup>+</sup> CD27<sup>+</sup> memory B cells as the main source of IL-10. The dual stimuli induced significantly lower number of IL-10 producing B cells from RA patients as compared to healthy controls, while we didn't find a difference in the inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF) production. However, in unstimulated samples the frequency of IL-6 producing B cells was lower in healthy controls, than in RA patients. Furthermore, we observed that in the supernatant of purified B cells, beside IL-10, other inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF, IL-1b and INFg) were also present. Therefore we double stained B cells with anti-IL-10 and anti-TNF antibodies and found that these cytokines were produced by different subsets. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We detected a significant difference between the number of IL-10 producing CD27<sup>+</sup>Breg cells of RA patients and healthy controls. The lower frequency of activation-induced IL-10 producing Bregs and on the other hand, the increased ratio of spontaneously IL-6 secreting B cells in RA patients may contribute to the exacerbation of the disease. Support: OTKA NK 104846