tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Masking is better than blinding
Authors: Daniel Morris, Scott Fraser, Richard Wormald
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Article abstract-We compared intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PLEX) in the treatment of 50 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Standard outcome measures did not differ for the two groups. Sixty-one percent of the PLEX-treated group and 69% of the IVIG-treated group improved by one disability grade at 1 month. The complication rate was higher in the PLEX-treated group. We conclude that the efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of GBS is comparable with that of PLEX and that it can be used safely, although we had a small number of patients. We did not observe a higher relapse rate with IVIG. The usefulness of combination therapy is unknown at this time. <b>NEUROLOGY 1996;46: </b> 100-103
Fallacy of the Roentgenologically Negative Appendix
Authors: W. Wendell Dietz
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> During roentgenologic consultations regarding colon studies, clinicians frequently either inquire specifically if an appendix filled with barium or state in effect that an opacified appendix may be assumed to be normal. Several facets of appendiceal anatomy and pathology invalidate such emphasis upon appendiceal opacification: (1) Appendiceal length varies enormously. Unless the precise length of an appendix is known, it cannot be regarded as opacified in its entirety. (2) Appendicitis is rarely caused by luminal obstruction at the appendiceal base, precluding the entrance of barium. <h3>Report of Cases:—</h3> Case1.—A 67-year-old man with a history of chronic dysuria and nocturia was hospitalized for a prostatectomy after the onset of anuria. The patient complained of nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention with right lower quadrant tenderness, in addition to prostatic enlargement. A preoperative excretory pyelogram disclosed an incomplete small intestine obstruction, but no urinary tract
Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. Designed for the Use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine.
Authors: Henry Koplik
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Maine Coon Cats
Authors: Mark D. Kittleson, Kathryn M. Meurs, Marcia J. Munro, Judith A. Kittleson, Si-Kwang Liu, Paul D. Pion, Jeffrey A. Towbin
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —A naturally occurring animal model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is lacking. We identified a family of Maine coon cats with HCM and developed a colony to determine mode of inheritance, phenotypic expression, and natural history of the disease. Methods and Results —A proband was identified, and related cats were bred to produce a colony. Affected and unaffected cats were bred to determine the mode of inheritance. Echocardiography was used to identify affected offspring and determine phenotypic expression. Echocardiograms were repeated serially to determine the natural history of the disease. Of 22 offspring from breeding affected to unaffected cats, 12 (55%) were affected. When affected cats were bred to affected cats, 4 (45%) of the 9 were affected, 2 (22%) unaffected, and 3 (33%) stillborn. Findings were consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with 100% penetrance, with the stillborns representing lethal homozygotes that died in utero. Affected cats usually did not have phenotypic evidence of HCM before 6 months of age, developed HCM during adolescence, and developed severe HCM during young adulthood. Papillary muscle hypertrophy that produced midcavitary obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was the most consistent manifestation of HCM. Cats died suddenly (n=5) or of heart failure (n=3). Histopathology of the myocardium revealed myocardial fiber disarray, intramural coronary arteriosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Conclusions —HCM in this family of Maine coon cats closely resembles the human form of FHCM and should prove a valuable tool for studying the gross, cellular, and molecular pathophysiology of the disease.
Hypocalcemia Associated With Oral Phosphate Replacement Therapy
Authors: Richard A. Glimp
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Hypophosphatemia is a serious consequence of many common clinical entities. Despite the recent emphasis on the consequences and treatment of hypophosphatemia, 1 few clinicians recognize the potential toxicity of oral phosphate therapy. The following reports a case of hypocalcemia from hyperphosphatemia induced by oral phosphate replacement therapy.  Report of a Case.—  A 98-year-old man was hospitalized for a left lower lobe pneumonia. His family had noted progressive deterioration of his mental status, increasing shortness of breath, and poor dietary intake during the week before. There was no history of renal impairment. The temperature was 38.3 °C; pulse rate, 90 per minute; blood pressure, 120/70 mm Hg; and respiratory rate, 28 per minute. Examination showed a lethargic, disoriented, elderly man with bibasilar rales. Admission laboratory findings disclosed the following values: normal electrolytes, creatine, 0.9 mg/dL; BUN, 7 mg/dL; serum calcium, 9.0 mg/dL; phosphate, 1.9 mg/dL; and albumin, 2.8 mg/dL.
The Radioactive Handkerchief Sign A Contamination Artifact in I-131 Imaging for Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: WILLIAM T. POCHIS, ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, ALI T. ISITMAN, JAMES M. CERLETTY, K. METIN KIR, ROBERT S. HELLMAN, B. DAVID COLLIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

False-positive findings suggestive of metastatic functioning thyroid carcinoma have been well documented in I-131 whole-body imaging. These artifacts are often associated with contamination from radioiodine-containing body secretions. Recently, a contaminated handkerchief on an iodine-131 whole-body scan was reported. In the following study, two additional cases involving the sequestration of I-131 contaminated handkerchiefs in patients' pockets are presented, and the literature regarding these false-positive findings is reviewed. Although rare, this “radioactive handkerchief sign” may cause serious misinterpretation of a focal radioiodine accumulation.
Images in hematology emperipolesis
Authors: K Samii, E. Pasteur
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Marrow cells may enter megakaryocytes by a phenomenon that is referred to as emperipolesis.While the morphological appearance of this process is quite striking, its etiology and pathophysiological significance is uncertain.Emperipolesis is most often described in association with neoplastic disorders.Two images in which emperipolesis was found in the bone marrow are shown here: the first is a 77-year-old woman with a malignant lymphoma and the second is a 63-year-old man with myelodysplasia.
Selection of patients for lung volume reduction surgery using a power law analysis of the computed tomographic scan
Authors: H O Coxson
Journal: Thorax (2003)

A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that patients respond better to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) if their emphysema is confluent and predominantly located in the upper lobes.A density mask analysis was used to identify voxels inflated beyond 10.2 ml gas/g tissue (-910 HU) on preoperative and postoperative CT scans from patients receiving LVRS. These hyperinflated regions were considered to represent emphysematous lesions. A power law analysis was used to determine the relationship between the number (K) and size (A) of the emphysematous lesions in the whole lung and two anatomical regions using the power law equation Y=KA(-D).The analysis showed a positive correlation between the change in the power law exponent (D) and the change in exercise (Watts) after surgery (r=0.47, p=0.03). There was also a negative correlation between the power law exponent D in the upper region of the lung preoperatively and the change in exercise following surgery (r=-0.60, p<0.05).These results confirm that patients with large upper lobe lesions respond better to LVRS than patients with small uniformly distributed disease. Power law analysis of lung CT scans provides a quantitative method for determining the extent and location of emphysema within the lungs of patients with COPD.
Bulimia and Impulsive Behaviour in Middle Adolescence
Authors: Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino, Aila Rissanen, Matti Rimpelä, Päivi Rantanen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

In clinical samples, bulimia seems to be associated with various dyscontrol behaviours suggesting weakness in impulse control. Population studies of adolescents, however, are needed. We evaluated the association between self-reported bulimic behaviour and a number of dyscontrol behaviours, namely bullying, truancy, excessive drinking and sexual disinhibition among adolescents aged 14-16. This is the first study on bulimia and impulsivity in a large non-selected adolescent population sample.A self-report questionnaire was administered to a representative population sample of 14- to 16-year-old adolescents (pupils of the 8th and the 9th grades of secondary school in four different regions in Finland). 4,453 girls and 4,334 boys aged 14-16 participated. The participation rate was 85.5%.Bulimic behaviour was associated with bullying, truancy, excessive drinking and sexual disinhibition among both sexes. Odds ratios for bulimic-type eating pathology according to each of these behaviours varied between 1.7 and 4.1. The more dyscontrol behaviours occurred simultaneously, the more likely was bulimic-type eating pathology.There is an association between bulimic behaviour and dyscontrol behaviours in the general population of adolescent girls and boys.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of the IgM Antibody to the Hepatitis Delta Virus
Authors: Patrizia Farci
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The IgM class antibody to the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was determined in different clinical categories of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers infected by the HDV (positive in the test for total antibody to HDV). The IgM antibody was found at high titers in each of 70 patients with inflammatory liver disease and at a low titer in one of six patients with inactive cirrhosis; it was not found in eight carriers with normal liver histology. The IgM antibody persisted in high titer over many years in patients with unremitting or progressive liver disease, but declined or disappeared before the homologous IgG antibody in the patients whose disease improved or resolved. Testing for IgM antibody to HDV distinguishes hepatitis B surface antigen carriers who have underlying inflammatory HDV liver disease from those with past HDV infection and provides prognostic information on the course of chronic HDV hepatitis.
Exposure Assessment in Cohort Studies of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Victoria H. Arrandale, Michael Brauer, Jeffrey R. Brook, Bert Brunekreef, Diane R. Gold, Stephanie J. London, J. David Miller, Halûk Özkaynak, Nola M. Ries, Malcolm R. Sears, Frances S. Silverman, Tim K. Takaro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundThe environment is suspected to play an important role in the development of childhood asthma. Cohort studies are a powerful observational design for studying exposure–response relationships, but their power depends in part upon the accuracy of the exposure assessment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss issues that make accurate exposure assessment a challenge and to suggest strategies for improving exposure assessment in longitudinal cohort studies of childhood asthma and allergies.Data synthesisExposures of interest need to be prioritized, because a single study cannot measure all potentially relevant exposures. Hypotheses need to be based on proposed mechanisms, critical time windows for effects, prior knowledge of physical, physiologic, and immunologic development, as well as genetic pathways potentially influenced by the exposures. Modifiable exposures are most important from the public health perspective. Given the interest in evaluating gene–environment interactions, large cohort sizes are required, and planning for data pooling across independent studies is critical. Collection of additional samples, possibly through subject participation, will permit secondary analyses. Models combining air quality, environmental, and dose data provide exposure estimates across large cohorts but can still be improved.ConclusionsExposure is best characterized through a combination of information sources. Improving exposure assessment is critical for reducing measurement error and increasing power, which increase confidence in characterization of children at risk, leading to improved health outcomes.
Resting Membrane Potential and Ionic Distribution in Fast- and Slow-Twitch Mammalian Muscle
Authors: David S. Campion
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The resting membrane potential and intracellular potassium and sodium concentration of three guinea pig hind limb muscles were studied. These properties are related to the gross color, the speed of contraction, and the biochemically defined fiber type composing the muscle. The resting membrane potential and intracellular content were: white vastus (grossly white, fast-twitch glycolytic) -85.3 mV. potassium 171.9 meq/liter; soleus (grossly red, slow-twitch oxidative) -69.7 mV, potassium 137.5 meq/liter; and red vastus lateralis (grossly red, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic) -71.7 mV, potassium 139.6 meq/liter. In soleus and red vastus lateralis, the relative permeability of sodium to potassium was 0.041 and 0.036, while in white vastus it was 0.015. These results give us the first exception to the hypothesis that fast-twitch fibers have higher intracellular potassium and higher resting membrane potential than slow-twitch fibers.
FEASIBILITY AND DURABILITY OF PERCUTANEOUS AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: 30-DAY AND ONE-YEAR OUTCOMES
Authors: Robert M. Maier, Ronald M. Hoedl, Gergana Stoschitzky, Martin Grabenwoeger, Johann Pollak, Stephan Blazek, Dieter Paetzold, Norbert Watzinger, Burkert M. Pieske, Olev Luha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 4522: Akt2 and acid ceramidase cooperate to induce malignant transformation
Authors: Said M. Sebti, Norbert Berndt, Ronil Patel, Hua Yang, Maria Balasis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The ability of Akt 2 and acid ceramidase (ASAH1) to cooperate and induce malignant transformation is not known. Here we show that in immortalized, non-transformed cells, ectopic co-expression of Akt2 and ASAH1 is significantly more effective than expression of each gene alone at inducing cell invasion and at conferring resistance to apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, siRNA-mediated depletion of both Akt2 and ASAH1 is much more potent than depleting each alone at inhibiting cell viability/proliferation and cell invasion. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of Akt (TCN or MK-2206) and ASAH1 (B13) synergize to inhibit cell viability/proliferation, and combinations of these drugs are more effective than single agent treatments at inhibiting cell invasion. Taken together, the results suggest that these two enzymes cooperate to induce malignant transformation and warrant further preclinical studies to evaluate the potential of combining inhibitors of Akt and ASAH1 to treat cancer. Citation Format: Said M. Sebti, Norbert Berndt, Ronil Patel, Hua Yang, Maria Balasis. Akt2 and acid ceramidase cooperate to induce malignant transformation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4522
Parents go to court over whether baby son should be allowed to die
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A seriously ill, 13 month old boy is at the centre of a High Court battle between his parents over whether he should be allowed to die.

An NHS trust is seeking permission from the High Court in London to take the boy, known as RB, off the ventilator that is keeping him alive. His mother supports the move, arguing that her son’s life is “intolerable,” but his father maintains that RB can see, hear, feel, and recognise his parents and should be allowed to go on living.

RB, who has been in hospital since birth, has …
Molecular basis for stratum corneum maturation and moisturization
Authors: A.V. Rawlings
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

This themed edition of BJD is dedicated to the work of Professor Ronald Marks for his untiring work on the understanding of stratum corneum (SC) structure and function. He and his coworkers, in my opinion, had the right focus for cosmetic dermatology issues. Namely, consumers experience the wonderful properties of the SC through sight, touch and the somatosensory system. They do not experience, for example, transepidermal water loss and skin conductance or capacitance! Marks understood this and set about developing the methodologies to examine the changes in SC architecture and function when desquamation goes haywire. More importantly, he understood that moisturizers do far more than simply hydrate the SC, as exemplified in the paper by Tree and Marks, 'An explanation for the placebo effect of bland ointment bases.' Moisturizing ingredients influence the properties of the SC in many ways with the sole purpose of overcoming the signs and symptoms of dry skin. Marks demonstrated the decrease in SC cohesion following use of hydrating agents, which led to the mechanistic work on the effects of a simple molecule like glycerol on the desquamatory process. In further exploiting forced desquamation and use of abrasion, he showed that improvements in exfoliation contribute to the mitigation of the signs of photodamaged skin, which can explain part of the antiageing effect of simple moisturizers. It is here that I should point out that at least this particular author in 1988 was 'standing on the shoulders of' a great corneologist whose work influenced his research directions. So this paper will provide an update on the latest developments for the molecular basis of SC maturation and moisturization, while highlighting the contributions of Professor Marks in the different areas.
Retrograde Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization: Procedural and In-Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Ercan Erdoğan, Mehmet Akkaya, Ahmet Bacaksız, Abdurrahman Tasal, Osman Sönmez, Musa Şahin, Mehmet Ali Elbey, Seref Kul, Murat Turfan, Mehmet Akif Vatankulu, Mehmet Ergelen, Hüseyin Uyarel, Ömer Göktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cost-effectiveness Analysis in the United States
Authors: Matthew Wynia
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Photodynamic Therapy in Gastroenterology: Current Status in the Year 2000
Authors: None Wolfsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the interaction between a photosensitizing agent and light, in the presence of oxygen, to produce photodamage to target tissue. While photodynamic therapy has been used since ancient times to treat dermatoses, it was not until the 1960s that porphyrin-based photosensitizers were first used for photodetection and phototherapy of malignancies. Thereafter, clinical experience accumulated slowly until the mid-1990s, when regulatory approval for PDT using porfimer sodium was granted in parts of North America, Europe, and Japan. This paper reviews recent clinical advances and discusses technological developments that may soon alter the way in which photodynamic therapy is used.
Cardiovascular Research as a forum for publications from China: present, past, and future
Authors: D. Gal, W. Vandevelde, H. Cheng, K. R. Sipido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

There has been a rapid growth of publications from China over the last 20 years, with China becoming the second largest producer of scientific papers across all disciplines in the year 2007.1 Focused investment in building scientific capacity in China has significantly contributed to the growth in publication output. In 1998, the launch of the ‘985’ project increased China's commitment to improve the global standing and publication activities of a select group of 24 universities.2

Research performance has also gained from the commitment of the Chinese government to increase the Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD). A common indicator used is the ratio of GERD to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in China, this ratio has grown steadily from 1.07% in 2002 to reach 1.84% in 2011.3 More specifically, the funding provided through the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/publish/portal1/tab293/) and the National Basic Research Program of China (NBRPC) have had a significant impact in fuelling basic research, for example with almost 40 million Euros [312 million Chinese Renminbi (RMB)] being assigned by the NSFC to experimental cardiovascular studies in 2013 alone.4

These policy and funding commitments in China have affected the submissions to Cardiovascular Research over the past 40 years. The number of publications from Chinese authors in Cardiovascular Research has grown progressively from one article being published in the 1970s, three in the 1980s, and seven being published from 1990 to 1994, before finally seeing more than one publication per year starting from 1998 onwards.

Cardiovascular Research has experienced a steady increase in the submissions resulting from research based in China, which has raised the interest of …