tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Syphilis in the Establishment of the Specialty of Dermatology
Authors: Melinda B. Chu, Michelle Tarbox
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Selenoprotein P expression is controlled through interaction of the coactivator PGC-1α with FoxO1a and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α transcription factors
Authors: Bodo Speckmann, Philippe L. Walter, Lirija Alili, Roland Reinehr, Helmut Sies, Lars-Oliver Klotz, Holger Steinbrenner
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Selenoprotein P (SeP), the major selenoprotein in plasma, is produced mainly by the liver, although SeP expression is detected in many organs. Recently, we reported stimulation of SeP promoter activity by the forkhead box transcription factor FoxO1a in hepatoma cells and its attenuation by insulin. Here, we demonstrate that this translates into fine-tuning of SeP production and secretion by insulin. Overexpression of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) enhanced the stimulatory effect of FoxO1a on SeP promoter activity. We identified a novel functional binding site for hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α, termed hepatocyte nuclear factor binding element 1, in the human SeP promoter directly upstream of the FoxO-responsive element daf16-binding element 2 (DBE2). Point mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor binding element 1 alone or together with DBE2 decreased basal activity and responsiveness of the SeP promoter to PGC-1α. Moreover, the PGC-1α-inducing glucocorticoid dexamethasone strongly enhanced SeP messenger RNA levels and protein secretion in cultured rat hepatocytes, whereas insulin suppressed the stimulation of both PGC-1α and SeP caused by dexamethasone treatment. In a brain-derived neuroblastoma cell line with low basal SeP expression, SeP transcription was stimulated by PGC-1α together with FoxO1a, and overexpression of HNF-4α potentiated this effect. Conclusion: High-level expression of SeP in liver is ensured by concerted action of the coactivator PGC-1α and the transcription factors FoxO1a and HNF-4α. Hence, the production of SeP is regulated similarly to that of the gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. As hepatic SeP production is crucial for selenium distribution throughout the body, the present study establishes PGC-1α as a key regulator of selenium homeostasis. (Hepatology 2008;48:1998-2006.)
Hog-stomach Extract and Casein Hydrolysate in Peptic Ulcer
Authors: A. W. Kay, R. A. Jamieson, W. E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1949)

DCBRmHAL 519 be impossible to provide enough of these highly specialized clinics to examine more than a small proportion of the children with cardiac abnormalities.It should not be diffi- cult, however, to cover the country by a series of centres, so that every child in whom any cardiac abnormality is suspected should have the benefit of examination and supervision by a physician specializing in cardiology.In this way much unnecessary cardiac invalidism would be prevented.SummaryThe work of a children's cardiac clinic is described, and a report presented of the first 200 cases seen.It is suggested that the setting up of similar clinics in areas where they are not already in operation would add to our knowledge and be of great benefit to the children.I should like to thank Dr. John Matthews, senior school medical officer, Brighton, for his willing co-operation, and Miss V.
Effect of naftidrofuryl on the metabolic response to surgery.
Authors: H J Burns, D J Galloway, I M Ledingham
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In a randomised study of 34 patients undergoing elective operations of moderate severity naftidrofuryl infusion significantly improved postoperative nitrogen balance. The control group excreted 26.2 +/- 2.7 g nitrogen in the first three postoperative days. A group treated with naftidrofuryl excreted 18.0 +/- 1.6 g nitrogen in the same period (p less than 0.0005). The preoperative nutritional state of patients treated with naftidrofuryl did not differ from that of the controls. Though hormonal changes causing an improvement in nitrogen balance could not be excluded by this study, the results show that naftidrofuryl infusion may stimulate postoperative catabolism of endogenous carbohydrate and fat, thus sparing tissue protein.
Abstract 3102: Hexavalent chromium induces chromosome instability leading to DNA double strand break repair deficiency and neoplastic transformation
Authors: Sandra S. Wise, Amie L. Holmes, Hong Xie, W. Douglas Thompson, John P. Wise
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chromosome instability (CIN) is a hallmark of lung cancer with cells exhibiting both translocations and aneuploidy. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well known respiratory carcinogen. The ability of Cr(VI) to induce chromosomal translocations is unknown. We exposed human lung cells to lead chromate for three sequential 24 h periods, each separated by about a month. After each treatment, cells were seeded at colony forming density, cloned, expanded and retreated. Each generation of clones was tested for chromium sensitivity, chromosome complement, ability to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSB), and growth in soft agar. We found that after the first treatment, lead chromate-treated cells exhibited a normal chromosome complement though a few clones showed a decrease in cell survival. After the second exposure, more than half of the clones acquired an abnormal karyotype including numerical and structural changes. The third treatment resulted in additional abnormal clones as well as previously abnormal clones acquiring more abnormalities. Clones were treated with soluble Cr(VI) for 24 h followed by a 24 h recovery period to measure DNA DSB repair. Abnormal clones showed persistent H2A.X and 53BP1 foci formation after 24 h recovery suggesting that these clones had acquired a DNA DSB repair-deficient phenotype. In addition, clones from the third generation were able to form colonies in soft agar suggesting that the cells have neoplastically transformed. This work was supported by NIEHS grant ES016893 (J.P.W.) and the Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3102. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3102
Electric Field-Induced Molecular Vibration for Noninvasive, High-Efficiency DNA Transfection
Authors: Lin Song, Lillian Chau, Yoshitaka Sakamoto, Juichiro Nakashima, Masafumi Koide, Rocky S Tuan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene delivery is an essential research tool for elucidating gene structure, regulation, and function in biomedical research and is the technological basis for gene therapy. However, the application of nonviral vectors in mammalian cell transfection and gene therapy is limited in that current methods require large amounts of exogenous DNA and/or exhibit high cytotoxicity and low transfection efficiency in primary cells. Here we describe the development of a novel, noninvasive gene delivery protocol using plasmid DNA vectors, based on the principle of electric field-induced molecular vibration. This method enables foreign DNA molecules to penetrate the plasma membrane and enter the cytoplasm of both primary mesenchymal progenitor cells and established cell lines of various species, at high efficiency and with low cell mortality. This procedure requires no special reagents, allows stable expression of transduced DNA, and does not interfere with the normal cellular differentiation activities of human and chick mesenchymal progenitors.
99. Use of a Liver-Specific Lentivirus Vector for Characterization of Hepatocyte-Like Cells from Human Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC)
Authors: Yuyou Duan, Naoki Yamamoto, Jian Wu, Sanjeev Gupta, Mark A. Zern
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Hepatocyte transplantation as an alternative to liver transplantation offers the possibility of effective treatment for many inherited and acquired hepatic disorders. Unfortunately, the lack of donor livers makes it difficult to obtain enough viable human hepatocytes for the advancement of hepatocyte-based therapies. The aim of this study is to establish a viable human hepatocyte-like cell line from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that can be used for cell-based therapeutics.
Fluconazole Compared with Ketoconazole for the Treatment of Candida Esophagitis in AIDS
Authors: Loren Laine, Robin H. Dretler, Chris N. Conteas, Carmelita Tuazon, Frederick M. Koster, Fred Sattler, Kathleen Squires, Muhammed Z. Islam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the clinical and endoscopic response of Candida esophagitis to antifungal therapy and to compare the two oral antifungal agents, fluconazole and ketoconazole. Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial. Setting: Fifteen U.S. centers including university, private practice, and county hospital settings. Patients: A total of 169 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); odynophagia, dysphagia, or retrosternal pain; white esophageal plaques at endoscopy; and pseudohyphae on esophageal brushings or biopsies. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to fluconazole (100 mg/d) or ketoconazole (200 mg/d). Doses were doubled at week 1 or 2 if no symptomatic improvement had occurred during the preceding week. Therapy was continued for 2 weeks after resolution of symptoms or for a maximum of 8 weeks. Measurements: Patients were clinically evaluated weekly, and laboratory tests were done every 2 weeks. Endoscopy was repeated within 5 days after the end of therapy. Results: A total of 143 patients were clinically evaluable (assessed within 7 days after therapy), and 129 patients were endoscopically evaluable (endoscopy repeated after therapy). Endoscopic cure occurred in 91% of patients treated with fluconazole and in 52% of those given ketoconazole for a difference of 39% (95% Cl, 24% to 52%; P < 0.001). Esophageal symptoms resolved in 85% of fluconazole-treated patients and in 65% of ketoconazole-treated patients for a difference of 20% (Cl, 6% to 34%; P = 0.006). Intention-to-treat analyses also yielded statistically significant differences for the comparisons listed above. Side effects were minimal and comparable in the two groups; only one patient in each group had therapy discontinued for adverse effects that were possibly related to the study medications. Conclusions: Fluconazole is associated with significantly greater rates of endoscopic and clinical cure than ketoconazole in patients with AIDS and Candida esophagitis. Both drugs appear to be safe and well tolerated.
Positive Illusions: Creative Self-Deception and the Healthy Mind
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The very name of this book and its subtitle, "Creative Self-Deception," start a fountain of thoughts going in all directions. Is it useful to deny reality; is it helpful; and, in sickness, or in health? We all have areas of denial, and its import is whether they are vital areas, and whether we can live or function better by denying in seeking to cope with reality. The book is full of generalizations. In some instances there are attempts to validate through citing research, but often the references are unclear and at times run counter to the thesis they are cited to prove. For example, an instance is given of a person seeing a lion on the savannah and thinking either "The lions are back, it must be spring" or "The lions are back—I must run or be killed." Thinking it is spring is a "positive illusion," but there is no
How does it work?: Helicobacter pylori breath tests
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2002)

H pylori diagnostic breath tests rely on a simple chemical reaction which is based on the natural behaviour of the bacteria. Naturally occuring gastric urea is made up of 99% carbon isotope 12C and 1% carbon isotope 13C. The breath test uses urea enriched with 13C (that is, 99%).



1 Virtually all duodenal ulcers and 80% of gastric ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori infections1 



Patients first drink a sachet …
Testing Remedies for the Shortage of Organs
Authors: Aaron Spital
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 March 1992Testing Remedies for the Shortage of OrgansAaron Spital, MDAaron Spital, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-428_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Despite great efforts based on voluntarism and altruism, a severe shortage of organs plagues transplantation today (1). The waiting list of potential recipients continues to grow steadily, and some will die before a suitable organ can be found (2). Many of these deaths are preventable; we are recruiting only a small fraction of eligible donors (3).Several alternative systems of organ procurement have been proposed, including presumed consent, mandated choice, conscription by the state, state-supplied financial incentives, organ sales, and giving higher priority to potential recipients who have previously expressed a willingness to donate. The risks and...References1. Spital A. The shortage of organs for transplantation: where do we go from here? N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1243-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Randall T. Too few human organs for transplantation, too many in need. . . and the gap widens. JAMA. 1991;265:1223-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Spital A. Locked in dialysis—turning the transplant key. Semin Dial. [In press]. Google Scholar4. CaplanWelvang AP. Are required request laws working? Altruism and the procurement of organs and tissues. Clin Transplant. 1989;3:170-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Childress J. Ethical problems and policies in obtaining and distributing organs for transplantation. Crit Care Clinics. 1986;2:133-48. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Aaron Spital, MDAffiliations: University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 20742 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 428-429KeywordsMotivationTransplantation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Value of stool examination in patients with diarrhoea.
Authors: B J Stoll, R I Glass, H Banu, M I Huq, M U Khan, M Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Findings of stool examinations in 1593 patients with diarrhoea due to a single enteric pathogen--enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli rotavirus, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae 0:1, Entamoeba histolytica, or Giardia lamblia--were reviewed to determine how well they predicted the agent associated with the diarrhoea. Specimens were examined visually for blood and mucus, tested for pH, and examined under a microscope for the presence of red and white blood cells, parasites, and stool fat. Although visible blood was more common in specimens from patients infected with Shigella (51%) and Ent histolytica (39%) than in those from patients infected with other agents (6%; p less than 0.01), patients infected with Shigella were most likely to have numerous faecal leucocytes (greater than 50/high power field: 39% v 8% of all patients and 7% of patients infected with Ent histolytica, p less than 0.01 in both cases). Patients infected with enterotoxigenic E coli, rotavirus, V cholerae 0:1, or C jejuni had loose stools with fewer red or white cells. Patients infected with rotavirus and C jejuni were more likely to have acid stools with 3 to 4+ fat, but these findings were related to young age and breast feeding. Stool examination is most useful in establishing a diagnosis of dysentery and in helping to distinguish between patients infected with Shigella and Ent histolytica; it is of limited usefulness in discriminating between pathogens causing watery diarrhoea.
Sur quelques risques toxicologiques de Faction psychothérapique
Authors: J. Bergeret
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

While we are still prudent for the most part as regards medicines whose toxicity is known, psychotherapy is considered as much less dangerous. Unfortunately, it happens only too often that insufficiently trained practicians indiscriminately apply any therapy to any patient. If the interpretations given are false, nothing in the patient is mobilized; on the other hand, if <i>correct</i> interpretations are furnished too early, or at the wrong time (especially exact oedipal interpretations) the risk of brutal pre-genital regression is great, sometimes even leading to suicide or delirium. One does not became an effective and non-dangerous psychotherapist, much less psychoanalyst, simply by saying, 'I am one'.
Methyltestosterone Therapy in Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: ALBERT L. SHEFFER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

In a double-blind study of four patients with hereditary angioedema, the efficacy of methyltestosterone (taken daily in 10-mg linguet form) in preventing attacks was shown. There were 19 episodes during 11.8 months of placebo administration, compared with only four attacks during the 46 months of cumulative methyltestosterone treatment (P < 0.001). The mean serum C4 protein level was twice as high in all patients when they were taking the drug (176 ± 36 µg/ml) as compared with the placebo (84 ± 21 µg/ml), and rose to normal range in three of four patients.
Drake, the Many-Sided Physician
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>sylvis nuncius</i>was the motto chosen by Daniel Drake in 1828 for the<i>Western Journal of Medical and Physical Sciences</i>. Translatable as "Messenger From the Backwoods," it accurately describes the man himself. He made known to the world that Cincinnati was emerging from a frontier settlement into an important focus of agricultural, mercantile, and cultural development. Fully as important as the message was the messenger, a citizen as well as a great physician. In 1800 Cincinnati was a frontier village of 750 people depending for survival on Fort Washington and its garrison. The Treaty of Greenville, by which the Indians had agreed to withdraw beyond a line a little west of Cincinnati, was only five years old. The economic devastation following the American Revolution had sent people west to start a new life. Of these a few were restless adventurers who craved a continuation of the stirring events of only
Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure and Child Behavior in an Inner-City Cohort
Authors: Frederica Perera, Julia Vishnevetsky, Julie B Herbstman, Antonia M Calafat, Wei Xiong, Virginia Rauh, Shuang Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Experimental laboratory evidence suggests that bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is a neurodevelopmental toxicant. However, there have been limited and inconclusive results with respect to sex-specific BPA effects on child behavior.Objective: We examined the association between prenatal BPA exposure and child behavior, adjusting for postnatal BPA exposure and hypothesizing sex-specific effects.Methods: We followed African-American and Dominican women and their children from pregnancy to child’s age 5 years, collecting spot urine samples from the mothers during pregnancy (34 weeks on average) and from children between 3 and 4 years of age to estimate BPA exposure. We assessed child behavior between 3 and 5 years of age using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and used generalized linear models to test the association between BPA exposure and child behavior, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: The analysis was conducted on 198 children (87 boys and 111 girls). Among boys, high prenatal BPA exposure (highest quartile vs. the lowest three quartiles) was associated with significantly higher CBCL scores (more problems) on Emotionally Reactive [1.62 times greater; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 2.32] and Aggressive Behavior syndromes (1.29 times greater; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.53). Among girls, higher exposure was associated with lower scores on all syndromes, reaching statistical significance for Anxious/Depressed (0.75 times as high; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.99) and Aggressive Behavior (0.82 times as high; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.97).Conclusion: These results suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may affect child behavior, and differently among boys and girls.
A Lecture on Rhythmical Hysteric Chorea
Authors: None Charcot
Journal: BMJ (1878)

HAVING recognised the case which now occupies our attention as a well- marked example of rhythmical chorea, we must now show that the title of hysterical is further applicible to it; or, in other terms, that the choreiform affection is here under the influence of an anterior malady -hyster-ia-of which it represents one of the multiple and varied manifestations.To establish the existence of the hysterical basis in our patient will be an easy task; the proofs in support of our asser- tion will be found in abundance.
PERCUTANEOUS EDGE-TO-EDGE MITRAL VALVE REPAIR - ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL EFFECTS BY 2D AND 3D TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY WITH AND WITHOUT COLOR DOPPLER
Authors: Ertunc Altiok, Kathrin Brehmer, Sebastian Reith, Michael Becker, Nikolaus Marx, Rainer Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Munnabhai M.B.B.S.
Authors: Sanjai Pai
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Directed by Rajkumar Hirani On general release in India Check locally for release dates elsewhere Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Bollywood (India's version of Hollywood, based in Mumbai) makes about 200 movies annually. Doctors in these movies are usually saints and most manage complex medical procedures, such as cardiac surgery in outpatient departments, and diagnose pregnancy by feeling the pulse. So a Hindi movie that uses correct medical terminology and real locations—I recognised the anatomy lecture hall of my medical school and cannot express the warm feeling that came over me—is bound to stand out. That this movie also has its audiences splitting their sides makes it unique. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif