tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Augments Growth of Gastric Cancers via the Lipopolysaccharide-Toll-like Receptor 4 Pathway whereas Its Lipopolysaccharide Attenuates Antitumor Activities of Human Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Kentaro Chochi, Takashi Ichikura, Manabu Kinoshita, Takashi Majima, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Hironori Tsujimoto, Toshinobu Kawabata, Hidekazu Sugasawa, Satoshi Ono, Shuhji Seki, Hidetaka Mochizuki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Helicobacter pylori is reportedly involved in the development of gastric cancer. We investigated the mechanisms by which H. pylori affects gastric cancer growth and antitumor immunities in the host, focusing on H. pylori-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS).H. pylori and four gastric cancer cell lines (MKN28, MKN45, NUGC3, and KATOIII) were used. We examined the effect of H. pylori or its LPS stimulation on cancer growth and the involvement of the H. pylori LPS-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. We also examined the cytotoxicities of H. pylori/LPS-stimulated human mononuclear cells (MNC) against gastric cancer cells and the effect of H. pylori LPS stimulation on cytokine production by MNC.H. pylori, as well as its LPS, augmented the growth of gastric cancers, all of which expressed TLR4. Neutralization of TLR4 almost completely abrogated the H. pylori-induced proliferative activity of cancer cells. Escherichia coli LPS also augmented cancer growth via the LPS-TLR4 pathway. However, only H. pylori-derived LPS attenuated the cytotoxicity of MNC against gastric cancer cells. Stimulation with H. pylori/LPS also down-regulated perforin production in cancer cell-cocultured CD56+ natural killer cells. H. pylori LPS induced neither interleukin-12 nor IFN-gamma production by MNC, although E. coli LPS did induce production of both significantly. Nevertheless, interleukin-12 stimulation restored the IFN-gamma-producing capacity of H. pylori LPS-stimulated MNC.H. pylori augmented the growth of gastric cancers via the LPS-TLR4 pathway, whereas it attenuated the antitumor activity and IFN-gamma-mediated cellular immunity of MNC. H. pylori infection might thereby promote proliferation and progression of gastric cancers.
The war in Bosnia: Operation Irma acted as a catalyst
Authors: A D Redmond
Journal: BMJ (1993)

the former Yugoslavia-and particularly besieged areas-to offer help with the specific surgical and medical problems.Humanitarian Aid with Medical Deployment is now organising specialist surgical teams to visit Bosnia for periods of seven days to work on specific problems such as nerve injuries, joint contractures, and complex fractures that have failed to unite.This plan should be pursued during the winter months and volunteers, either individuals or teams, are very welcome.Professor Dudley was told in Vietnam that his teams would "be remembered in the marketplace," and we can assure any volunteer that this was exactly our experience in Bosnia.Volunteers should not expect to make a large contribution, but they will inestimably raise the morale of the local medical professionals and their patients.
AGC1 Deficiency Associated with Global Cerebral Hypomyelination
Authors: Rolf Wibom, Francesco M. Lasorsa, Virpi Töhönen, Michela Barbaro, Fredrik H. Sterky, Thomas Kucinski, Karin Naess, Monica Jonsson, Ciro L. Pierri, Ferdinando Palmieri, Anna Wedell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1), specific to neurons and muscle, supplies aspartate to the cytosol and, as a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle, enables mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, thought to be important in providing energy for neurons in the central nervous system. We describe AGC1 deficiency, a novel syndrome characterized by arrested psychomotor development, hypotonia, and seizures in a child with a homozygous missense mutation in the solute carrier family 25, member 12, gene SLC25A12, which encodes the AGC1 protein. Functional analysis of the mutant AGC1 protein showed abolished activity. The child had global hypomyelination in the cerebral hemispheres, suggesting that impaired efflux of aspartate from neuronal mitochondria prevents normal myelin formation.
HYPOTENSION AND LOSS OF PRESSOR RESPONSE TO ANGIOTONIN AS THE RESULT OF TRAUMA TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SEVERE HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. Angiotonin refractoriness and hypotension follow upon injury to the central nervous system in dogs and cats. Refractoriness does not develop when the nervous system is quickly and expertly destroyed or the activity of the nervous system depressed by widespread injection into it of a local anesthetic. The syndrome develops in the absence of the kidneys and the suprarenal glands. 2. Glycine, methyl isothiourea, and rest are the only agents studied which tend to restore responsiveness, and the first two of these have only an irregular and temporary effect. 3. There is a marked degree of specificity in the syndrome since undiminished pressor responses to adrenalin, tyramine, methyl isothiourea are observed during complete angiotonin refractoriness. 4. Despite the prolonged hypotension, change in the amount of plasma proteins and in the hematocrit readings is not striking. 5. Parallelism seems to exist between the fall in blood pressure after trauma to the nervous system and development of angiotonin refractoriness. After the syndrome has developed, elevation of the blood pressure by the injection of gum acacia solution or whole blood does not restore the responsiveness to angiotonin. 6. Angiotonin refractoriness and hypotension also develop after marked hemorrhage. Suprarenalectomy or nephrectomy does not prevent its appearance.
Physicians Who Move and Why They Move
Authors: Steven R. Steiber
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Physicians in the United States migrate across county lines more often than nonphysicians, but their migration parallels that of the population at large: from the northern "Frost Belt" to the southern "Sun Belt." The data presented herein show that mobile physicians ("movers") are more often younger and female than nonmobile physicians ("stayers"). Stayers are more likely to be primary care or self-employed physicians, and movers more often are in nonprimary care or in medical administration, research, teaching, or other medical employment modalities. County-level characteristics such as population income and size also help determine whether a physician will be a mover or stayer. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1490-1492)
Der Kopfschmerz: Differentialdiagnostik und Therapie für die Praxis
Authors: W. H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Esteem for Heyck's handy little reference book on headache has been recognized by the publication of three German editions and two foreign editions within only five years. Concisely and critically this little book summarizes the history and clinical examination of 2,500 patients who came to the Free University of Berlin complaining of headache. It demonstrates that better results can be obtained from treatment of the primary functional disturbance than from the ordinary haphazard prescription of a variety of analgesics. The physician must ascertain the characteristics of the illness which determine its pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and therapy. Heyck considers migraine, cephalic neuralgias, cervical radiculopathies, vascular and traumatic head pain to be the foremost causes of headache. In this third edition, he has devoted more attention to toxic causes than in the earlier editions. The headache remedies themselves, particularly phenacetin, require particular attention because they are important toxic agents and often produce
A sulfaphenazole-sensitive EDHF opposes platelet-endothelium interactions in vitro and in the hamster microcirculation in vivo
Authors: F. Krotz, N. Hellwig, M. A. Burkle, S. Lehrer, T. Riexinger, H. Mannell, H.-Y. Sohn, V. Klauss, U. Pohl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

A CYP2C9-dependent endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) controls blood flow in many microvascular beds of various species by targeting vascular smooth muscle potassium channels. Since platelets express the same channels, we tested whether EDHF hyperpolarizes platelets and exerts an antithrombotic function in vivo. Interaction of injected human platelets with the arteriolar wall (platelet-vessel wall interaction, PVWI) was assessed by intravital microscopy in skin muscle of awake hamsters. To understand the mechanisms of EDHF-induced platelet inhibition, we studied whether cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells overexpressing CYP2C9-mRNA in vitro released a factor that could hyperpolarize human platelets. Under control conditions, there was no firm adhesion of platelets to the arteriolar wall, but temporary PVWI occurred. Local superfusion of the CYP2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole, at doses known to block EDHF-dependent dilations, significantly augmented PVWI, as did inhibition of NO synthase. Inhibition of both factors exerted additive effects on PVWI. Likewise, firm adhesion of a small fraction of platelets was observed. The prothrombotic effects of CYP2C9 inhibition in vivo were reversed by exogenous superfusion with 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Hyperpolarization reduced platelet adhesion to endothelial cells under static conditions in vitro and was dependent on calcium-activated potassium channels. The factor also reduced ADP-induced expression of platelet P-selectin, indicating reduction of platelet activity. The arteriolar endothelium in vivo continuously releases a CYP2C9-derived EDHF. This EDHF exerts its effects by hyperpolarization of platelets through activation of KCa channels and reduction of platelet adhesion molecule expression, indicating that hyperpolarization reduces platelet activation. This demonstrates that EDHF is part of the antithrombotic properties of healthy endothelium in vivo.
P3-14-26: The Effect of Biologic Subtype in Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A UAB Experience.
Authors: KS Keene, Los Santos JF De, R Meredith, B Hinton, Y Li, H Krontiras, K Bland, JT Carpenter, A Forero
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that the pre treatment clinical stage drives loco-regional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM) and survival in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This retrospective analysis was performed to look at the effect of biologic subtype on patient outcomes. Methods: Between 1999 and 2005, 115 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and +/−radiation therapy at UAB were identified. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were recorded. Pathologic complete response was defined as resolution of both invasive disease and DCIS in both the primary and nodal disease. Survival was measured using the Kaplan Meier statistics. Univariate and multivariate analyses of covariates associated with LRR, DM, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed. Results: The mean age was 49 years, with a mean follow-up of 5.8 years. Subtype distribution was as follows: 52 luminal A, 17 luminal B, 36 triple negative, 9 Her2+ and one patient with an unknown biologic subtype. Distribution of clinical stage was as follows: 40 IIA, 34 IIB, 26 IIIA, 10 IIIB, and 5 IIIC. Tumors were down-staged following neoadjuvant therapy as follows: 18: pCR, 6: residual DCIS, 17: I, 38: IIA, 11: IIB, 13: IIIA, 5: IIIB, and 7: IIIC. Pre-treatment clinical stage did not significantly influence LRR, DM or progression free and overall survival; however, final pathologic T, N and group stage were associated with both progression free, p=0.003, 0.011, 0.005 and overall survival, p=0.02, 0.037, and 0.009. Complete resolution of tumor by mammographic or MR imaging to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, was associated with an increased overall survival, p=0.0025. Univariate analysis did not show a significant effect of biologic subtype, age, grade, use of radiation therapy or anti-hormonal therapy. Discussion: In this retrospective series, response to chemotherapy and the final pathologic stage, representing the volume of residual disease, were important predictors of survival. Further study to determine factors predictive of chemotherapy response is needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-26.
Physician's Assistant
Authors: GEORGE M. PERRINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1975Physician's AssistantGEORGE M. PERRINEGEORGE M. PERRINESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-425_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Charles and associates (Ann Intern Med81:733-739, 1974) calls attention to the many and varied programs underway to extend the potential service provided by individual physicians. Practicing physicians and the public are being exposed to graduates of such programs, but do not know what capabilities to expect or how to utilize them. The term physician's assistant has been used generically to include graduates of local programs with as little as three months' training and graduates of two-year, university-associated programs comparable to condensed medical school curricula. The former are being trained to follow algorithms and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 425-425KeywordsAlgorithmsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The anatomic substrate for preexcitation in corrected transposition.
Authors: S Bharati, K Rosen, L Steinfield, R A Miller, M Lev
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We report three cases of corrected transposition (CT), all with Ebstein's disease, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ventricular preexcitation. In cases 1 and 2, the ECG revealed sinus rhythm, with type A fusion preexcitation QRS complexes, suggesting left-sided Kent bundles and intact conduction system (CS). Complete serial section (SS) of the CS in both cases revealed an anterior CS and a Kent bundle in the posteroseptal wall of the morphologic right ventricle (MRV). Case 3 had intermittent preexcitation, with periods of complete atrioventricular (AV) block with narrow QRS escape rhythm. The preexcitation complexes suggested the presence of a left lateral Kent bundle. SS of the CS revealed a blind posterior and two anterior AV nodes, one on either side of the pulmonary trunk. The left anterior AV node was blind. The right anterior node formed the anterior bundle, which ended blindly. This bundle emerged again and joined a posterior bundle to form an interrupted sling around the closed VSD. In addition, there was a tenous Kent bundle at the posterolateral wall of the MRV. In summary: (1) preexcitation in CT with Ebstein's disease of the left AV valve is associated with Kent bundles; (2) fusion complexes reflected intact CS; and (3) intermittent preexcitation with AV block was associated with the presence of tenuous Kent bundl and discontinuity of the CS.
The Death of Walter Reed
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

LAST year, in a military hospital in the Washington area, a house officer was rounding with four medical students. It was his daily custom to ask a cultural question. "Today," he said, "I'll give an A to the one who can tell me what Walter Reed died of." Brief silence. Then one of the students ventured, "Sir, I believe he died of peritonitis after an appendectomy." "Wrong," said the instructor, "He died of yellow fever." I told this story to a friend, senior in years and wise beyond those years. My story was interrupted at the house officer's question: "Yellow fever!" Yellow fever is not the answer. The student was correct, precisely correct. Walter Reed did die of peritonitis following an appendectomy. But his death remains a mystery. What ailed him and his appendix is not known. <h3>'I Am Dreadfully Melancholic'</h3> Walter Reed, Major, Medical Corps, US Army, died in
Mastectomy Statistics-Reply
Authors: Everett D. Sugarbaker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In answer, it is assumed that every responsible surgeon will attempt to do the best he can for each individual patient, but, implied also, is a motivation that will urge him to accomplish the best that can be done for all of his patients. It is the author's opinion that the matter of extended mastectomy has been opened more widely but not closed by the paper presented. In fact, the early part of the communication implies that others are attempting to deal with this problem in a variety of ways, and many will, in all likelihood, eventually be heard. The point of the matter appears to involve one's concept regarding the relationship of primary draining lymphatic beds to the curability of cancer and their accessibility to removal.  Regarding selection of cases, there appears to be a misunderstanding. Concerning the approximate 10% operated on in the conventional manner during the era
737–5 Risk Stratification in Acute Ischemic Syndromes Using Serum Tropenin T
Authors: E. Magnus Ohman, Paul Armstrong, Robert M. Califf, Mary Ann O’Hanesian, Christian W. Hamm, Hugo Katus, Christopher B. Granger, Robert H. Christenson, Cresha Cianciolo, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Retrospective Exposure Estimation and Predicted versus Observed Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid Concentrations for Participants in the C8 Health Project
Authors: Hyeong-Moo Shin, Verónica M. Vieira, P. Barry Ryan, Kyle Steenland, Scott M. Bartell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

People living or working in eastern Ohio and western West Virginia have been exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) released by DuPont Washington Works facilities.Our objective was to estimate historical PFOA exposures and serum concentrations experienced by 45,276 non-occupationally exposed participants in the C8 Health Project who consented to share their residential histories and a 2005-2006 serum PFOA measurement.We estimated annual PFOA exposure rates for each individual based on predicted calibrated water concentrations and predicted air concentrations using an environmental fate and transport model, individual residential histories, and maps of public water supply networks. We coupled individual exposure estimates with a one-compartment absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) model to estimate time-dependent serum concentrations.For all participants (n = 45,276), predicted and observed median serum concentrations in 2005-2006 are 14.2 and 24.3 ppb, respectively [Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r(s)) = 0.67]. For participants who provided daily public well water consumption rate and who had the same residence and workplace in one of six municipal water districts for 5 years before the serum sample (n = 1,074), predicted and observed median serum concentrations in 2005-2006 are 32.2 and 40.0 ppb, respectively (r(s) = 0.82).Serum PFOA concentrations predicted by linked exposure and ADME models correlated well with observed 2005-2006 human serum concentrations for C8 Health Project participants. These individualized retrospective exposure and serum estimates are being used in a variety of epidemiologic studies being conducted in this region.
S159 Do occupational asthmatics with small changes in PEF at work have less FEV1 decline than those with larger changes?
Authors: W. Anees, V. C. Moore, P. S. Burge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The significance of consistent small changes in PEF related to work, or records with diurnal variation within the normal range, are disputed. We related PEF changes at diagnosis to longitudinal changes in FEV1 in workers remaining exposed to their causative agent. <h3>Methods</h3> 163 consecutive workers attending a tertiary referral clinic were identified. All had a clinical history suggestive of occupational asthma and a diagnostic serial PEF record (Oasys score &gt;2.50). Average annual rate of FEV<sub>1</sub> decline was calculated using simple linear regression for each worker with at least 12 months of FEV1 measurements. PEF responses to work exposure were made from the initial diagnostic PEF record. Subjects were split into tertiles according to their PEF responses. Mean work-rest PEF was &gt;35 l/min in the highest tertile and &lt;20 l/min in the lowest. Corresponding values for diurnal variation (DV) % predicted were ≥16% (high) and &lt;10% (low). <h3>Results</h3> Ninety workers had FEV1 measurements for at least 12 months during exposure to the original causative agent (median 2.9 years, IQR 1.8–4.8 years). The mean annual loss of FEV1 was increased at 101 (SEM 17.7) ml/year, unrelated to agent; high MW (10), isocyanates (16), metals (13), colophony (9), biocides (10), metal working fluid (7) and others (23). There were no significant differences related to continued smoking or treatment. There were large between individual differences with annual declines &lt;50 ml in 35/90 workers. There were no statistically significant differences between those with high rest-work PEF changes (−126 SEM 44 ml/year), and low changes (95 SEM 22.1 ml/year), or between those with high DV (98 SEM 36.5 ml/year) and low DV (142 SEM 30.3 ml/year). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Some workers with occupational asthma have normal FEV1 decline during continued exposure, but the average is around 3× predicted. Workers with small work-related PEF changes or low DV do as badly as those with larger values. The classification of FEV1 decline in an individual worker requires longer measurements than we have available; the group mean changes should be more reliable. Those who are able to remain exposed are likely to be those with least severe disease.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and intimal medial thickness in subjects with glucose intolerance—The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study-25
Authors: Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Raj Deepa, Kaliyaperumal Velmurugan, Radhakrishnan Ravikumar, Kulasekaran Karkuzhali, Viswanathan Mohan
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Prolonged antiplatelet therapy and reduced stenting eliminates late thrombosis after radiation: the SCRIPPS III trial
Authors: Paul S. Teirstein, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Peter J. Casterella, John P. Reilly, Huan Glap, Shirish Jani, Steven Balter, Prabhakar Tripuraneni, Alexandra Lansky, Manuela Negoita, Roxanna Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)