tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The aetiology of gallstones - caffeinated coffee is associated with a reduction of symptomatic gallstones in men: data from a UK prospective cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk) using 7-day food diaries
Authors: P. J. R. Banim, R. Luben, S. J. Sharp, N. J. Wareham, K.-T. Khaw, A. R. Hart
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Caffeine and coffee may influence gallstone formation by stimulating gallbladder motility and reducing cholesterol saturation of the bile, although not all epidemiological studies have confirmed a protective effect of coffee. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and caffeinated tea consumption in a prospective cohort study, for the first time using 7-day food diaries (7-DFDs) which are the most accurate feasible method of estimating dietary intake in large scale epidemiological studies. <h3>Methods</h3> 25 639 participants (56% women), aged 40–74 years were recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) with 23 658 completing 7-DFDs at enrolment. The cohort was monitored for 14 years for new symptomatic gallstones, with diagnoses confirmed by review of the clinical notes. The 7-DFDs recorded 1 week9s diet including drink type, brands and volumes consumed. A representative sample of 3 970 and those with gallstone disease had their 7-DFDs coded by nutritionists using a computer program containing nutrient information on 11 000 food and drink items. A cohort analysis used Cox regression modelling to estimate HRs for men and women, comparing 1, 2 or 3+ cups (1 cup=250 ml) of caffeinated coffee and tea intake per day versus zero intake as well as a binary variable of any caffeinated coffee versus none and decaffeinated coffee versus none. The analyses were adjusted for the risk factors: age, body mass index, energy, alcohol and physical activity in men, and also parity and hormone replacement therapy use in women. <h3>Results</h3> 177 women (mean age of diagnosis 66.5 years SD 9.5 years) and 90 men (64.2 years SD 9.2 years) developed symptomatic gallstones. In men, caffeinated coffee intake was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic gallstones (3+ cups day vs zero intake HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89) with a significant trend across categories (per 1 cup increase HR 0.79, p=0.022). Drinking any caffeinated coffee compared to zero consumption in men, the HR was 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.90, p=0.015). If all men consumed three or more cups of caffeinated coffee a day, then 26% of symptomatic gallstones could be prevented. No effects were found for tea and decaffeinated coffee consumption in men and any drink intake in women (any caffeinated coffee vs zero consumption HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.17, p=0.30). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data suggests that caffeinated coffee may reduce the risk of symptomatic gallstones in men but not in women. Coffee should be measured in future studies investigating the aetiology of gallstones in men.
Second Attack of Paratyphoid Fever
Authors: J. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Since the publication in 1906 of Rolleston and Jones's review of "Primary Malignant Disease of the Vermiform Appendix" there have been numerous case reports and reviews of the subject.Rolleston and Jones clearly differ- entiated between " columnar-celled carcinoma, like that met with in the large intestine," and "spheroidal-celled carci- noma."It was not until Gosset and Masson (1914) and Masson (1928) brought into prominence the argentaffinstaining properties of the spheroidal-celled tumours that a distinction was generally drawn.The term "carcinoid," introduced by Oberndorfer in 1907 to refer to similar tumours of the small intestine, has been generally accepted for these not uncommon yellow argentaffin tumours having their origin in the Kultschitzky cells of the crypts of Lieberktihn.They are all pote.itiallymalignant (Willis, 1948), although both primary and metastatic argentaffinomas may grow very slowly.The other group of carcinomas of the appendix-the adenocarcinoma "like that met with in the large intestine" -has received Qpuch less attention.In reporting two new
Bronchodilator response patterns in patients with chronic airways obstruction: use of peak inspiratory flow rate.
Authors: K. B. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BcrruH 399 for the stimulus and help of many discussions with them on the epidemiology of Burkitt's tumour.Miss Serina Joyce saw the data through all the stages of analysis with the London University ICT Atlas Computer in a manner impossible to improve upon, and for this we are extremely grateful.Finally, we would like to thank Mrs. Z. Pereira for her secretarial assistance in the collection of the data and in the preparation of this report, and Mr.
Long-term Renal Outcomes in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Leonardo A. Sechi, Marileda Novello, Roberta Lapenna, Sara Baroselli, Elisa Nadalini, Gian Luca Colussi, Cristiana Catena
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Experimental animal studies indicate that exposure to increased aldosterone levels might result in renal damage, but the clinical evidence supporting this role of aldosterone is preliminary.To determine the long-term outcome of renal function in patients with primary aldosteronism after surgical or medical treatment.Prospective study conducted at an Italian university medical center among a consecutive sample of 50 patients who were diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism between January 1994 and December 2001 and who were followed up for a mean of 6.4 years after treatment with adrenalectomy or spironolactone. Patients with primary aldosteronism were compared with 100 patients with essential hypertension, matched for severity and duration of hypertension. All patients were treated with antihypertensive drugs to reach a target blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg.Primary outcome measures were rates of change of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria during follow-up. Detection of new-onset microalbuminuria and restoration of normal albumin excretion during follow-up were considered as secondary outcomes.At baseline, glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria were higher in patients with primary aldosteronism than those with essential hypertension. The mean blood pressure during the study was 136/81 mm Hg in the primary aldosteronism group and 137/81 mm Hg in the essential hypertension group. Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria declined during the initial 6-month period in both groups, with a change that was significantly greater (P<.001 for both variables) in patients with primary aldosteronism. Subsequent rate of decline of glomerular filtration was comparable in the 2 groups, whereas albuminuria did not progress in the remainder of the follow-up. Restoration of normal albumin excretion from microalbuminuria was significantly more frequent in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension (P = .02).In the majority of patients in this study, primary aldosteronism was characterized by partially reversible renal dysfunction in which elevated albuminuria is a marker of a dynamic rather than structural renal defect.
A Psychoneuroendocrinology Service
Authors: Nicoletta Sonino, Pio Peruzzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Research evidence has highlighted the relevance of endocrine/metabolic abnormalities in psychiatry and of psychosocial implications in endocrinology. However, the value of interdisciplinary expertise has not been implemented in clinical practice. We have therefore designed a new outpatient clinic, called the Psychoneuroendocrinology Service, to apply the principles of current psychosomatic medicine and report here on the first 100 referrals. &lt;i&gt;Methods and Results:&lt;/i&gt; Of the first 100 patients (74 females/26 males; mean age 44 ± 13.8 years), the sources of referral were the Mental Health Center (n = 41), specialists (n = 37) and primary care physicians (n = 22). The main reasons for referral were endocrine assessment (n = 40), unexplained medical symptoms (n = 18) and poor response to treatment (n = 17). The most frequent medical diagnoses were obesity/overweight (n = 22), hypertension (n = 20) and hypothyroidism (n = 11). The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were major depression (n = 15), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 13) and bipolar disorder (n = 12). Subclinical symptoms (Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) found were persistent somatization (n = 18), demoralization (n = 14) and irritable mood (n = 7). Therapeutic strategies included lifestyle modifications (n = 45), explanatory therapy (n = 30), low-dose clonazepam (n = 23) and modifications of existing treatment with psychotropic drugs (n = 16). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; In this highly selected population, several difficult patients could be appropriately managed by virtue of a holistic view. Such an approach must involve experienced clinicians with a broad-spectrum training in psychoneuroendocrinology and psychosomatic medicine. If confirmed in its efficacy and cost-effectiveness, this model might be further expanded.
Psychosocial effects of radiotherapy after mastectomy.
Authors: A V Hughson, A F Cooper, C S McArdle, D C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Psychosocial morbidity was measured in 47 patients who received postoperative radiotherapy and in 38 who received no further treatment after mastectomy. Roughly one third of all patients experienced depression or anxiety. One month after operation, before radiotherapy, there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the measures of psychosocial morbidity. Knowledge of impending treatment did not seem to influence morbidity. At three months patients who had completed radiotherapy had significantly more somatic symptoms and social dysfunction than those not so treated. At six months the radiotherapy group continued to show more somatic symptoms, but a year after operation there were no significant differences between the groups. Although several patients who received radiotherapy were upset by their treatment, the study failed to confirm that depression and anxiety were commoner among those given radiotherapy than among patients given no further treatment.
Ferrokinetic Studies in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Using Linear Profile Scanning.
Authors: Richard L. DeGowin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Abstracts1 May 1968Ferrokinetic Studies in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Using Linear Profile Scanning.Authors: Richard L. DeGowin, M.D., Leif B. Sorensen, M.D., and Donald B. CharlestonAuthor, Article, & Disclosure InformationPublication: Annals of Internal MedicineVolume 68, Number 5https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1185_2 Get AccessSubmit a CommentContributors must reveal any conflict of interest. Comments are moderated. Please see our information for authorsregarding comments on an Annals publication.Name (if multiple authors, separate names by comma)Name field is requiredComment TitleTitle field is requiredAffiliation & Institution (max characters: 200)Affiliations field is requiredCommentComment field is requiredPlease disclose any conflicts of interest or leave the box unchecked if you have noneDisclosure of Any Conflicts of InterestCancelSubmit
Maternal Bisphenol A Exposure Promotes the Development of Experimental Asthma in Mouse Pups
Authors: Terumi Midoro-Horiuti, Ruby Tiwari, Cheryl S. Watson, Randall M. Goldblum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

We recently reported that various environmental estrogens induce mast cell degranulation and enhance IgE-mediated release of allergic mediators in vitro.We hypothesized that environmental estrogens would enhance allergic sensitization as well as bronchial inflammation and responsiveness. To test this hypothesis, we exposed fetal and neonatal mice to the common environmental estrogen bisphenol A (BPA) via maternal loading and assessed the pups' response to allergic sensitization and bronchial challenge.Female BALB/c mice received 10 microg/mL BPA in their drinking water from 1 week before impregnation to the end of the study. Neonatal mice were given a single 5 microg intraperitoneal dose of ovalbumin (OVA) with aluminum hydroxide on postnatal day 4 and 3% OVA by nebulization for 10 min on days 13, 14, and 15. Forty-eight hours after the last nebulization, we assessed serum IgE antibodies to OVA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by enumerating eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole-body barometric plethysmography, and a forced oscillation technique.Neonates from BPA-exposed mothers responded to this "suboptimal" sensitization with higher serum IgE anti-OVA concentrations compared with those from unexposed mothers (p < 0.05), and eosinophilic inflammation in their airways was significantly greater. Airway responsiveness of the OVA-sensitized neonates from BPA-treated mothers was enhanced compared with those from unexposed mothers (p < 0.05).Perinatal exposure to BPA enhances allergic sensitization and bronchial inflammation and responsiveness in a susceptible animal model of asthma.
Case 15-1986
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Terry B. Strom, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Presentation of Case First admission. A girl was admitted to the hospital at the age of 8 years and 5 months because of uremia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.She was well until eight days earlier, when fever developed, with lethargy and vomiting. One day later she complained of headache, and her mother noticed facial swelling that persisted for several hours. Five days before admission she was seen by a physician, who prescribed trimethobenzamide hydrochloride; its administration was followed by a decrease in vomiting. Three days before entry her symptoms worsened, and two days later she complained of myalgia. On the . . .
Real-Time Support of Pediatric Diabetes Self-Care by a Transport Team
Authors: Brandi E. Franklin, S. Crile Crisler, Rebekah Shappley, Meri M. Armour, Dana T. McCommon, Robert J. Ferry
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE The study seeks to improve access for underserved patients via novel integration of Pedi-Flite (a critical care transport team) and to validate whether this safely enhances diabetes care and effectively expands the endocrine workforce. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed pager service use in a cohort of established diabetic patients (n = 979) after inception of Pedi-Flite support. Outcomes included incidence and severity of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and cost savings generated from reduced referrals to the emergency department (ED) and on-call endocrinologist. We generated descriptive statistics to characterize the study population and ED visits for DKA and constructed logistic regression models to examine associations of pager use and likelihood of ED visitation and nonelective inpatient admission from an ED for DKA. RESULTS Pager users comprised 30% of the patient population. They were younger but had more established diabetes than nonusers. While pager users were 2.75 times more likely than nonusers to visit the ED for DKA (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), their visits were less likely to lead to inpatient admissions (odds ratio 0.58; P &amp;lt; 0.02). More than half (n = 587) of all calls to the pager were resolved without need for further referral. Estimates suggest that 439 ED visits and 115 admissions were avoided at a potential cost savings exceeding 760,000 USD. CONCLUSIONS Integration of a transport service provides a novel, cost-effective approach to reduce disparities in diabetes care. Advantages include scalability, applicability to other disease areas and settings, and low added costs. These findings enrich an emerging evidence base for telephonic care-management models supported by allied health personnel.
Fibrin Degradation Products and Ovarian Tumours
Authors: B. Astedt, L. Svanberg, I. M. Nilsson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.) were determined in the serum of 163 women in whom ovarian tumours had been suspected on palpation at gynaecological examination and who were afterwards examined by laparoscopy or subjected to laparotomy. F.D.P. were found in the serum (0.5-30 mg/100 ml) of 23 (72%) out of 32 patients with malignant tumours. Of 131 patients with benign findings F.D.P. (traces to 2 mg/100 ml) were found in six (4.5%), and in most of these the occurrence of F.D.P. could be explained on other clinical grounds. The findings suggest that the examination of F.D.P. in suspected malignant ovarian tumour may be of diagnostic value.Determination of F.D.P. in malignant ascitic fluid showed very high values, ranging between 40 and 350 mg/ 100 ml. This argues for the occurrence of F.D.P. in the blood being due to an extravascular breakdown of fibrin caused by tumour cells, but they may also be due to thromboplastic and fibrinolytic agents from the tumour entering the blood stream.
Few vessels hide from digital angiography
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Since its introduction into clinical use just over two years ago (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1980;244:531), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has become a standard form of arterial examination in several situations (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3213-3216, 248:671-674). In the estimate of radiologist Patrick Turski, MD, of the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison, "probably hundreds of these instruments have been purchased or installed in the last year." Turski and his colleagues are representative of radiologists at institutions across the nation who are continuing to extend the usefulness of this new imaging mode. Applications now under development include selective intra-arterial injections for viewing the intracranial arteries and the aortic arch and dynamic studies of heart function. In DSA, a digitized image of the field to be examined is electronically stored for use as a subtraction mask. Normally, contrast material containing iodine is injected intravenously (IV), and digitized images of the opacified arterial, capillary or
No progress in reducing childhood obesity despite increased awareness, report says
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Childhood obesity is increasing and becoming a serious health problem, but the US government has cancelled a Centers for Disease Control programme called Verb, which had produced documented successes, says the US Institute of Medicine, a part of the National Academies of Sciences.

The CDC's programme was a five year social marketing campaign to promote physical activity in children aged 9-13 years. Evaluation showed that the programme had positive results, but funding was discontinued and will end this month. The programme's website (http://www.verbnow.com) encourages children to find activities in their …
Expression of the IL-4 receptor α-subunit is increased in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic and nonatopic asthmatic subjects☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Thomas C. Kotsimbos, Omar Ghaffar, Eleanor M. Minshall, Marc Humbert, Stephen R. Durham, Rudi Pfister, Gunter Menz, A.Barry Kay, Qutayba A. Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Tracheal Atresia Associated with Cor Biloculare
Authors: A. W. McCracken, N. Flanagan, P. Flanagan
Journal: Thorax (1964)

Atresia of the trachea is an extreme rarity (Willis, 1962), and cor biloculare is a very uncommon cardiac anomaly.These two abnormalities were found together in the case described, a combina- tion which, we believe, has not been previously reported.
Delays in the diagnosis of oesophagogastric cancer: a consecutive case series
Authors: I. G Martin, S. Young, H. Sue-Ling, D. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<b>Introduction:</b> The remodelled asthmatic airway features an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) &amp; increased vasculature. Previous studies found asthmatic (A) airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) to deposit an ECM with enhanced bioactivity. These studies however investigated ECM deposited in the presence of proliferative stimuli. <b>Objective:</b> This study examined the regulatory activity of the ECM generated by A &amp; non-asthmatic (NA) ASMCs under quiescent conditions. <b>Methods:</b> ECM from primary human NA- &amp; AASMCs was isolated under quiescent conditions. NA-, AASMCs, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto decellularised NA- or AASM-ECM. Metabolic activity was measured by MTT. ASMC proliferation (CyQUANT), HUVEC attachment &amp; transwell migration (toluidine blue) were also quantified. <b>Results:</b> NAASMCs proliferated less on A-ECM compared to NA-ECM (N=3&amp;5 P=0.04) but there were no differences in metabolic activity on NA- or A-ECMs (N=4&amp;3 P=0.21). AASMCs had no difference in proliferation or metabolic activity on A-ECM (N=3&amp;5) versus the NA-ECM (N=4 for both P=0.44&amp;0.28). HUVECs showed similar attachment to NA- &amp; A-ECMs (N=10&amp;8 P=0.97). HUVEC metabolic activity on &amp; migration through the quiescent ECM was not different between A- &amp; NA-ECM (N=10&amp;11 P=0.83, and N=3&amp;5 P=0.30). <b>Conclusion:</b> A-ECM produced under quiescent conditions has similar bioactive properties to NA-derived ECM. This study contrasts reports of an altered ECM bioactivity generated by AASMCs under stimulated conditions. These data provide further evidence for maintaining AASMCs in a resting state to prevent deposition of an abnormal ECM which may contribute to the remodelling in the airways.
POISONED WOUNDS BY THE IMPLEMENTS OF WARFARE.
Authors: LOUIS A. LA GARDE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<i>Mr. President and Fellows of the College of Physicians:</i>In the first place allow me to thank you for permitting me to address the honorable College of Physicians in the capacity of Mütter lecturer. In looking over the names of the distinguished men who have preceded me in this function, I admit that your invitation was accepted with a great deal of hesitancy. I accepted the charge because of a sense of duty to my department, and because it has been my good fortune to serve in most of the principal seats of learning in this country, and my observations have led me to the conclusion that there is a deep bond of fellowship between the military surgeon and his brethren in civil life that is largely cemented by a mutual love of all that is lofty and inspiring in the healing art. Your opportunities to set the pace as we
OBSERVATIONS ON PHENOTHIAZINE CONCENTRATES AND DILUTING AGENTS
Authors: P. GORDON LEVER, J. ROSS HAGUE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

When phenothiazine concentrates are administered with the diluting agents recommended by the manufacturers, precipitates may be formed which are sometimes colored. These render the mixture unpalatable and the patient may not ingest the full amount of the phenothiazine prescribed. It is possible that some of the compounds formed are reverted to their original form by the gastric acidity. However, some do appear to be permanently insoluble. As a result of these studies, it appears that, ideally, the phenothiazine concentrates should be given diluted with freshly distilled water only. When this method of administration was tried on two wards, patient acceptance was varied and was dependent upon the taste of the vehicle and the total amount of phenothiazine involved.
Transmission of AIDS
Authors: Merle A. Sande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become an epidemic of fear.1 Although our understanding of the disease has been progressing rapidly, the new knowledge has often produced more public concern than relief. The identification of the etiologic agent as a virus — although of critical scientific importance — did little to quell the fears of either the medical community or the general population. Instead, people reacted to the fact that AIDS is caused by a virus with a hysteria reminiscent of another viral infection — the polio epidemic of the early 1950s.As each new observation was announced, . . .