tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE IN THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM OF MATERIA MEDICA.
Authors: WARREN B HILL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Notwithstanding that about 95 per cent. of medical practitioners devote nearly their entire time to the practice of internal medicine by the application of remedies found in the materia medica, the greatest interest in the profession is centered upon therapeutic agents other than medicine. Looking over the programs of several state medical societies it is observed that nearly all the papers read are along the lines of surgery or some kindred topic. In the smaller medical societies only an occasional hour is given to the subject of materia medica or therapeutics. The text-book of to-day on internal medicine devotes little space to the treatment of disease and almost none to subjects pertaining to our materia medica, while whole volumes in surgery are devoted to surgical therapeutics. Among the younger members of our profession the brightest minds are allured by the brilliant successes of surgical therapeutics. Our pathologists study their science
NORMAL STRUCTURE OF ENDOMETRIUM AND DECIDUA AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: J. H. Teacher
Journal: BMJ (1930)

T'HE mui1tcouls niemibrane of the uteruiis differs fr omn that of all otlher organs of the body in that it goes througlh loeglllar cycles of change (luring a ceitain lonig period of its existence-lnamely, the reproductive period.The nien- striual cy-cle, ovulation, and pregnancy initroiduce coinl)lex norimal variations in structure, and when to these are added pathological changes, interpretation becomes very difficult indeed.For lnormnial and pathological alike, a knowledge of the timiie relations to the cyvcle, the age of thpe pmaticit, and the hiistory of pregnancy and abortion is most 1.They are primarily hypnotics; only occasionally will amiounts ordinarily producing hypnosis produce analgesia
A Randomized Controlled Phase IIb Trial of Beta1-Receptor Blockade for Chronic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Mustafa I. Ahmed, Inmaculada Aban, Steven G. Lloyd, Himanshu Gupta, George Howard, Seidu Inusah, Kalyani Peri, Jessica Robinson, Patty Smith, David C. McGiffin, Chun G. Schiros, Thomas Denney, Louis J. Dell'Italia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
"I need you to sign this, doctor"
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

He had been a patient at a practice down the road for 10 years, but today he had chosen to reregister with me. Funnily enough, this was also the day that his sick note was due for signing. There was no acute problem, and, of course, we did not have his medical record. It was not an ordinary sick note that he wanted, but one which stated that he was incapable of work both now and in the future, so that he could send it off with some forms to his pension department. He looked at me like a dog waiting to be tossed a piece of …
Efficacy and Safety of Torcetrapib, a Novel Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Individuals With Below-Average High-Density LipoproteinCholesterolLevelsonaBackgroundofAtorvastatin
Authors: James M. McKenney, Michael H. Davidson, Charles L. Shear, James H. Revkin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Kinesin-1 Regulates Synaptic Strength by Mediating the Delivery, Removal, and Redistribution of AMPA Receptors
Authors: Frédéric J. Hoerndli, Dane A. Maxfield, Penelope J. Brockie, Jerry E. Mellem, Erica Jensen, Rui Wang, David M. Madsen, Andres V. Maricq
Journal: Neuron (2013)
High-frequency Respiratory Impedance Measured by Forced-Oscillation Technique in Infants
Authors: URS FREY, MICHAEL SILVERMAN, RICHARD KRAEMER, ANDREW C. JACKSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Measurements of respiratory input impedance (Zin) in infants using forced oscillations at the airway opening up to 256 Hz have been shown to include a first antiresonance (ar,1). We wondered whether features derived from high-frequency Zin change during methacholine-induced airway obstruction in infants, whether those changes could be explained by a lumped parameter model as in dogs (providing a value for respiratory resistance [Rrs]), or whether they are similar to Zin data in human adults with airway obstruction. In 13 wheezy infants (age 58 ± 19 wk) Zin( ω ) was assessed at baseline, and in nine infants after methacholine challenge, using a provocation dose defined by fall of more than 30% in V˙maxFRC (rapid chest-compression technique). Following methacholine challenge, V˙maxFRC decreased significantly (p < 0.0005), the frequency at which ar,1 occurred ( far,1) increased significantly (p = 0.0007), and the relative maximum in the real part at far,1 [Zinre( far,1)] increased significantly (p = 0.02), whereas Rrs did not change. We conclude that in wheezy infants ar,1 is highly sensitive to changes in lung mechanics. Although ar,1 cannot be explained by a simple lumped-parameter model, it is likely due to wave propagation phenomena, as in human adults. In either case, far,1 potentially contains information about airway wall compliance, which is important for the understanding of flow limitation in infant wheezing disorders.
Low frequency of recent parvovirus infection in a population-based cohort of patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis
Authors: B. Harrison, A. Silman, E. Barrett, D. Symmons
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of cross-sectional echocardiography in diagnosing anomalous systemic venous return we used the technique in 800 consecutive children with congenital heart disease and whom the diagnosis was ultimately confirmed by angiography. Cross-sectional echocardiography was performed without prior knowledge of the diagnosis in all but 11 patients, who were recalled because of a known abnormality of atrial situs. The sensitivity of cross-sectional echocardiographic detection of various structures was as follows: right superior vena cava 792/792 (100%); left superior vena cava 46/48 (96%); bilateral superior vena cava 38/40 (95%); bridging innominate vein with bilateral superior vena cava 13/18 (72%); connection of superior caval segment to heart (coronary sinus or either atrium) (100%); absence of suprarenal inferior vena cava 23/23 (100%); azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava 31/33 (91%); downstream connection of azygos continuation, once seen, 21/21 (100%); partial anomalous hepatic venous connection (one hepatic vein not connected to the inferior vena cava) 1/1 (100%); total anomalous hepatic venous connection (invariably associated with left isomerism) 23/23 (100%). The specificity of each above diagnoses was 100% except in one infant with exomphalos in whom absence of the suprarenal inferior vena cava was incorrectly diagnosed. Thus cross-sectional echocardiography is an extremely specific and highly sensitive method of recognizing anomalous systemic venous return. It is therefore of great value of planning both cardiac catheterisation and cannulation for open heart surgery.
Interaction between Hck and HIV-1 Nef negatively regulates cell surface expression of M-CSF receptor
Authors: Masateru Hiyoshi, Shinya Suzu, Yuka Yoshidomi, Ranya Hassan, Hideki Harada, Naomi Sakashita, Hirofumi Akari, Kazuo Motoyoshi, Seiji Okada
Journal: Blood (2007)
Nasal contribution to exhaled nitric oxide during exhalation against resistance or during breath holding
Authors: S. A. Kharitonov, P. J. Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) is increased in the exhaled air of patients with inflammation of the airways, suggesting that this may be a useful measurement to monitor inflammation in diseases such as asthma. However, there have been concerns that exhaled NO may be contaminated by the high concentrations of NO derived from the upper airways, and that this may account for differences in reported values of exhaled NO using different techniques. A study was performed, with argon as a tracer, to determine the extent of nasal contamination of exhaled NO using different expiratory manoeuvres.Exhaled and nasal NO were measured by a chemiluminescence analyser. Argon (4.8%) was delivered continuously to the nose. Gas was sampled from the posterior oropharynx and argon and carbon dioxide were measured by mass spectrometry at the same time as NO.During a single expiration against a low resistance and during breath holding there was no evidence for nasal contamination, whereas during exhalation without resistance argon concentration in the oropharynx was increased from 0.91% (95% CI 0.84% to 0.98%) in ambient air to 1.28% (0.9% to 2.24%, p < 0.0001) during a single breath or 2.37% (2.29% to 2.51%, p < 0.0001) during tidal breathing.Collection of exhaled NO in a reservoir during tidal breathing is likely to be contaminated by NO derived from the nose and this may underestimate any increases in NO derived from the lower respiratory tract in inflammatory diseases. However, with slow expiration against a resistance and created back pressure to close the soft palate, there is no contamination of exhaled air which then reflects concentrations of NO in the lower airways.
Some things never change
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Who the deepest has thought loves what is most alive, Wide experience may well turn to what's best in youth, And the wise in the end will Often bow to the beautiful.--FRIEDRICH HOLDERLIN

The eyes seem unfocused and the face is gaunt; sensing his pain is part of the experience. Comprehending Van Gogh's self portrait is not possible without knowledge of the suffering that racked his muse and drove him to self mutilation and suicide among the alien corn. Beethoven composing the delicate Eighth, knowing his deafness would never allow him to hear it performed; Karen Carpenter's voice dripping like golden honey over the airwaves while she …
Estimation of Aortic Regurgitation by Diastolic Pulse Wave Analysis
Authors: TERRANCE P. JUDGE, J. WARD KENNEDY
Journal: Circulation (1970)

To test the hypothesis that the fall in supravalvular aortic diastolic pressure is relative to the severity of the regurgitant flow in aortic regurgitation, 27 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, 23 patients with combined aortic regurgitation and stenosis, and 15 normal subjects were studied. Diastolic pulse pressure (pressure at the dicrotic notch minus pressure at end diastole) and the diastolic slope (line constructed through the dicrotic notch and end diastole) were measured. A highly significant correlation was found between the regurgitant flow in isolated aortic regurgitation and the diastolic pulse pressure when corrected for heart rate (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.001). The diastolic slope related similarly to the regurgitant flow (r=0.71, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant relationship, however, in the presence of combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation. Aortic pressure at end diastole and pulse pressure correlated poorly with either isolated aortic regurgitation or combined aortic valve disease. An electrical analog circuit was used to help explain these findings.
Time course and extent of improvement of dysfunctioning myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular function after revascularization: correlation with positron emission tomographic findings
Authors: Felix Haas, Norbert Augustin, Klaus Holper, Michael Wottke, Christoph Haehnel, Stephan Nekolla, Hans Meisner, Rüdiger Lange, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
947 A NEWLY SYNTHESIZED SERINE PALMITOYLTRANS- FERASE INHIBITOR, NA 808, HAS THE STRONG EFFECT TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Y. Hirata, M. Sudoh, T. Tsukuda, K. Ikeda, R. Taguchi, K. Inoue, M. Yoshiba, M. Kohara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Comparison of echocardiographic and necropsy measurements of ventricular wall thicknesses in patients with and without disproportionate septal thickening.
Authors: B J Maron, W L Henry, W C Roberts, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In several patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) diagnosed by echocardiography (septal-free wall thickness ratios greater than or equal to 1.3), we have discovered marked discrepancies between the echocardiographic and necropsy measurements of wall thicknesses that led to uncertainty regarding the actual cardiac diagnosis. To resolve these apparent incongruities, the echocardiograms and hearts of 17 patients with cardiac disease were studied. Six of nine patients with abnormal septal-free wall ratios greater than or equal to 1.3 during life had septal-free wall ratios that were not diagnostic of disproportionate septal thickening at necropsy. Such discrepancies may be explained as follows: 1) echocardiographic measurements during life were made in diastole (as per convention), but measurements at necropsy were made in hearts that appeared to have been in the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle; 2) the left ventricular free wall thickens considerably more than the ventricular septum in systole, as determined by echocardiography. This latter phenomenon resulted in septal-free wall ratios in systole that were consistently smaller than those in diastole. Furthermore, septal-free wall ratios obtained at necropsy corresponded most closely to those obtained by echocardiography in systole.
Thin Filament Disinhibition by Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Mutant R193H Troponin I Induces Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Independent Mechanical Tone and Acute Myocyte Remodeling
Authors: Jennifer Davis, Haitao Wen, Terri Edwards, Joseph M. Metzger
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Inherited restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a debilitating disease characterized by a stiff heart with impaired ventricular relaxation. Mutations in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were identified as causal for RCM. Acute genetic engineering of adult cardiac myocytes was used to identify primary structure/function effects of mutant cTnI. Studies focused on R193H cTnI owing to the poor prognosis of this allele. Compared with wild-type cTnI, R193H mutant cTnI more effectively incorporated into the sarcomere, where it exerted dose-dependent effects on basal and dynamic contractile function. Under loaded conditions, permeabilized myocyte Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension was increased, whereas the passive tension-extension relationship was not altered by R193H cTnI. Normal rod-shaped myocyte morphology acutely transitioned to a "short-squat" phenotype in concert with progressive stoichiometric incorporation of R193H in the absence of altered diastolic Ca(2+). The specific myosin inhibitor blebbistatin fully blocked this transition. Heightened Ca(2+) buffering by the R193H myofilaments, and not alterations in Ca(2+) handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, slowed the decay rate of the Ca(2+) transient. Incomplete mechanical relaxation conferred by R193H was exacerbated at increasing pacing frequencies independent of elevated diastolic Ca(2+). R193H cTnI-dependent mechanical tone caused acute remodeling to a quasicontracted state not elicited by other Ca(2+)-sensitizing proteins and is a direct correlate of the stiff heart characteristic of RCM in vivo. These results point toward targets downstream of Ca(2+) handling, notably thin filament regulation and actin-myosin interaction, in designing therapeutic strategies to redress the primary cell morphological and mechanical underpinnings of RCM.
Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography During Double Percutaneous Mitral Edge-to-Edge Procedure
Authors: Francesco Faletra, Antonio Grimaldi, Elena Pasotti, Julija Klimusina, Antonietta Evangelista, Ottavio Alfieri, Tiziano Moccetti, Giovanni Pedrazzini
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Israel faces shortage of surgeons, association says
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Although 15 years ago Israel had one of the world’s highest ratios of doctor to population, the big fall in the number of doctors in unpopular specialties such as general surgery, anaesthesia, pathology, geriatrics, and neonatology is causing severe staffing problems in the country’s hospitals.

The shortage of general surgeons is the latest to cause a crisis, and the Israel Surgical Association has begun holding “emergency meetings” in all the general hospitals to protest against the situation. Elective operations have been postponed while the meetings take place.

The association’s chairman, Michael Krausz, …
Relationship Between Surgical Oncologic Outcomes and Publically Reported Hospital Quality and Satisfaction Measures
Authors: Jason D. Wright, Ana I. Tergas, Cande V. Ananth, William M. Burke, Ling Chen, Alfred I. Neugut, Catherine A. Richards, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Hospital-level measures of patient satisfaction and quality are now reported publically by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. There are limited metrics specific to cancer patients. We examined whether publically reported hospital satisfaction and quality data were associated with surgical oncologic outcomes.
Clinical Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1968)

With the exception of a delightful little book of W. P. U. Jackson published in 1964, Malins' volume on clinical diabetes is the only recent, comprehensive contribution to the needs of the practicing physician. The ground is on the whole well covered by this experienced British specialist. He is an independent thinker and does not hesitate to attempt judgments in controversial issues, judgments which, to my mind, are generally sound. His style, brightened here and there with a touch of humor, is straightforward, and he uses plain instead of fancy or technical English when he can. The numerous tables are short and simple, and the illustrations (all black and white) are instructive and of good though not superior quality. No author can run home free. Although various methods and results of blood glucose analysis are discussed, normal values for plasma glucose (a determination increasingly used in the autoanalyzer in the
Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3–dependent signal transduction by phosphorylating human retinoid X receptor α
Authors: Cynthia Solomon, John H. White, Richard Kremer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Human retinoid X receptor α (hRXRα) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators. It regulates transcription through its association with several heterodimeric partners, including the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR). Signaling through the VDR is essential for normal calcium homeostasis and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells derived from a number of tissues. Here we show that phosphorylation of hRXRα in ras-transformed human keratinocytes through the activated Ras–Raf–mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-Raf-MAP kinase) pathway results in attenuated transactivation by the VDR and resistance to the growth inhibitory action of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and RXR-specific agonist LG1069 (4-[1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphtalenyl) ethenyl]-benzoic acid). Phosphorylation of hRXRα occurs at serine 260, a consensus MAP kinase site. Inhibition of MAP kinase activity or point mutagenesis of serine 260 of hRXRα reverses the observed resistance to 1,25(OH)2D3 and LG1069. Thus, hRXRα is a downstream target of MAP kinase, and its phosphorylation may play an important role in malignant transformation.
Shaw's Textbook of Operative Gynaecology
Authors: John R. G. Gosling
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This is the second edition under the auspices of Mr. Howkins. In the eight years that have elapsed since the last edition, the book has grown by some 73 pages and 30 illustrations. The additions accomplish some worthwhile improvement. Changes are most notable in the opening sections which have been rearranged. Chapters 3 and 4 on preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment and complications have been considerably reworked and the postoperative chapter particularly expanded. It should now be considered one of the strongest chapters in the book. The author sets forth an extensive, detailed, and carefully systematic consideration of a range of postoperative problems and their management that reflects a good deal of thoughtful experience. Even the veteran surgeon could read it to his profit. "Anatomical Considerations" is relatively brief but contains new material on lymphatics and innervation. "Special Procedures" includes a moderate expansion of the material on laparoscopy. The balance
Abstract 4197: A DNA damage checkpoint response to unrepaired ultraviolet radiation-induced lesions which is defective in melanoma
Authors: Matthew Wigan, Sandra Pavey, Kelly Brooks, Nichole Giles, Andrew Burgess, Rick Sturm, Brian Gabrielli
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental risk factor in the development of skin cancer. Here we describe a G2 phase cell cycle checkpoint response to suberythemal doses of UVR that is defective in a majority of melanoma cell lines tested. The majority of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis are quiescent, and exposure to suberythemal doses of UVR produces not only DNA damage but also provides a mitogenic stimulus to drive cells into the cell cycle. The majority of UVR-induced DNA lesions are rapidly repaired by NER mechanisms, but a small number of DNA lesions fail to be repaired during G1 phase and are encountered by the replication fork during S phase. This triggers Werner helicase (Wrn) dependent lesion bypass, allowing replication to continue relatively unhindered, but producing gaps in the newly replicated DNA strand opposite the lesions. These single stranded DNA gaps recruit replication protein A (RPA) and components of the ATR-Chk1 checkpoint signaling responsible for the G2 phase arrest observed. The RPA foci also co-localise components of the error free RAD18-RAD51 post replication repair pathway which are essential for repair of the gaps and checkpoint signaling. This checkpoint mechanism ensures detection and repair of all UVR induced DNA damage before proceeding into mitosis. Loss of this checkpoint response increases the rate of UVR induced mutation. Thus this checkpoint response is critical for maintaining genomic stability in the epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes, and loss of this checkpoint mechanism may account for the increased UVR signature DNA mutations found in melanomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4197