tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: β-blockers do not reduce mortality in myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era
Authors: Steven Borzak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club17 March 2015Review: β-blockers do not reduce mortality in myocardial infarction in the reperfusion eraSteven Borzak, MDSteven Borzak, MDUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Atlantis, Florida, USA (S.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-162-6-003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBangalore S, Makani H, Radford M, et al. Clinical outcomes with beta-blockers for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med. 2014;127:939-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24927909Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Cardiology: Reference1. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, et al; COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45, 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1622-32. [PMID: 16271643] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Atlantis, Florida, USA (S.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 March 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 March 2015Volume 162, Issue 6Page: JC3KeywordsDrug regulationDrugsHeart failureLongitudinal studiesMyocardial infarctionReperfusion ePublished: 17 March 2015 Issue Published: 17 March 2015 CopyrightCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Germany plans to make GPs gatekeepers
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Germany's federal government is considering strengthening the role of the country's 45000 general practitioners by making them gatekeepers to specialist medical care, in order to cut the rising cost of health care. The proposed change is un-popular with the country's specialists.

Federal health minister Andrea Fischer was confronted with storms of protest and whistling when …
Abstract 2089: MMP7-mediated cleavage of nucleolin at the Asp255 induces MMP9 expression to promote tumor malignancy
Authors: Jan-Jong Hung, Wen-Chang Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nucleolin, expressed in various cellular compartments, participates in DNA transcription, ribosomal biogenesis, regulation of RNA stability. It is evidence that the posttranslational cleavage of nucleolin determine the fate of cells, apoptosis or proliferation. However, the contributions of nucleolin accumulation and cleavage to tumor development are still not clear. Herein we found that nucleolin was dramatically increased in lung cancer and correlated with poor prognosis. The overexpressed nucleolin was cleaved to the smaller fragment (55 kDa), identified in human lung cancer and mouse models of lung cancer. To study the activated mechanism found that EGF-mediated EGFR and KRAS activations could enhance nucleolin expression through increasing Sp1-mediated transcription. Furthermore, to clarify the cleavage residue and cutting enzyme found that nucleolin could be cleaved at 255th Asp by MMP7 (255-710 a.a., TNCL). By using overexpression of TNCL indicated that TNCL enhanced proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. To further clarify the mechanism of TNCL-enhanced tumor malignancy show that TNCL significantly increase several oncogenes expression including MMP9, Alk and CD74 through associating with 3′-UTR to enhance mRNA stability. Taken together, MMP7 can cleave nucleolin to increase the oncogenes expression, leading lung cancer formation Citation Format: Jan-Jong Hung, Wen-Chang Chang. MMP7-mediated cleavage of nucleolin at the Asp255 induces MMP9 expression to promote tumor malignancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2089. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2089
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: John F. Fulton
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I think that Chicago is much the better place for the publication ofThe Journal, it being the most central and most convenient place. I have written to the different members of the Board of Trustees, expressing my views on the subject. The membership of the American Medical Association is made up largely of physicians who live in the West and South; the most active work in the Association is done by members who live in the territory tributary to Chicago, and I am quite certain it will be found that a vast majority of the members of the American Medical Association wish to haveThe Journalpublished in the future, as it has been in the past, in the city of Chicago, and would look with jealous eyes upon any attempt to remove it elsewhere. They will certainly most bitterly oppose any attempt to remove it
Diarrheal Deaths in American Children
Authors: Allan S. Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Since most of the deaths occurred in infants, many physicians will be surprised that in the article and the editorial on prevention of diarrheal deaths in the December 9 issue 1,2 no mention was made of breast-feeding. Breast-feeding is an established means of preventing gastrointestinal illness and mortality in developed and developing nations. 3-5 Moreover, the risk groups identified in the article are precisely those in which infants are least likely to be breast-fed. These include infants whose mothers are young, poor, and black and those from southern states. 6 Do the authors have data on the feeding status of infants in their study?
Coiled-Coil Domain-Dependent Homodimerization of Intracellular Barley Immune Receptors Defines a Minimal Functional Module for Triggering Cell Death
Authors: Takaki Maekawa, Wei Cheng, Laurentiu N Spiridon, Armin Töller, Ewa Lukasik, Yusuke Saijo, Peiyuan Liu, Qian-Hua Shen, Marius A Micluta, Imre E Somssich, Frank L W Takken, Andrei-Jose Petrescu, Jijie Chai, Paul Schulze-Lefert
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Induction of Functional Bradykinin B <sub>1</sub> -Receptors in Normotensive Rats and Mice Under Chronic Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Maria E. Marin-Castaño, Joost P. Schanstra, Eric Neau, Françoise Praddaude, Christiane Pecher, Jean-Louis Ader, Jean-Pierre Girolami, Jean-Loup Bascands
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The physiological effects of ACE inhibitors may act in part through a kinin-dependent mechanism. We investigated the effect of chronic ACE-inhibitor treatment on functional kinin B(1)- and B(2)-receptor expression, which are the molecular entities responsible for the biological effects of kinins.Rats were subjected to different 6-week treatments using various mixtures of the following agents: ACE inhibitor, angiotensin AT(1)-receptor antagonist, and B(1)- and B(2)-receptor antagonists. Chronic ACE inhibition induced both renal and vascular B(1)-receptor expression, whereas B(2)-receptor expression was not modified. Furthermore, with B(1)-receptor antagonists, it was shown that B(1)-receptor induction was involved in the hypotensive effect of ACE inhibition. Using microdissection, we prepared 10 different nephron segments and found ACE-inhibitor-induced expression of functional B(1)-receptors in all segments. ACE-inhibitor-induced B(1)-receptor induction involved homologous upregulation, because it was prevented by B(1)-receptor antagonist treatment. Finally, using B(2)-receptor knockout mice, we showed that ACE-inhibitor-induced B(1)-receptor expression was B(2)-receptor independent.This study provides the first evidence that chronic ACE-inhibitor administration is associated with functional vascular and renal B(1)-receptor induction, which is involved in ACE-inhibitor-induced hypotension. The observed B(1)-receptor induction in the kidney might participate in the known renoprotective effects of ACE inhibition.
Convulsions associated with cyclosporin A in transplant recipients.
Authors: R J Polson, P R Powell-Jackson, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Previous studies show that there are differences in native and non-native speech processing (Lev-Ari, 2018). However, less is known about the differences between processing native and dialectal accents. Is dialectal processing more similar to foreign or native speech? To address this, two theories have been proposed. The Perceptual Distance Hypothesis states that the mechanisms underlying dialectal accent processing are attenuated versions of those of foreign (Clarke &amp; Garrett, 2004). Conversely, the Different Processes Hypothesis argues that the mechanisms of foreign and dialectal accent processing are qualitatively different (Floccia et al, 2009). The present study addresses these hypotheses. Electroencephalographic data was recorded from 25 participants who listened to 40 isolated words in different accents. Event-Related Potential mean amplitudes were extracted: P2 [150-250 ms], PMN [250-400 ms] and N400 [400-600 ms]. Support for the Different Processes Hypothesis was found in different time windows. Results show that early processing mechanisms distinguish only between native and non-native speech, with a reduced P2 amplitude for foreign accent processing, supporting the Different Processes Hypothesis. Furthermore, later processing mechanisms show a similar binary difference in the processing of the accents, with a larger PMN negativity elicited in the foreign accent than the others, further supporting the Different Processes Hypothesis. Results contribute to the understanding of single word processing, in which it is uniquely difficult to extract acoustic characteristics from foreign accent, and in which foreign accented speech is associated with the largest cost, as compared to native and dialectal speech, of phonological matching between representations and acoustic input. <h3>Highlights</h3> Accent affects early speech processing mechanisms at the level of the isolated word Acoustic characteristic extraction is more difficult for foreign-accented speech Phonological normalization of foreign-accented speech is uniquely difficult Accent no longer affects later speech processing mechanisms at the isolated word
Letter: Ischaemic necrosis of lesser curve of stomach.
Authors: T V Taylor, B Torrance
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The bleeding time (Ivy method) was, however, normal in all 23 patients studied.None of the patients in this small series was thrombocytopenic.It is unlikely that this acquired platelet funotion defect will be of clinical significance, but until further experience is gained with this agent it would seem advisable to measure the bleeding time and platelet count before major surgery in patients taking sodium valproate.
Raised titres of anti-klebsiella IgA in ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: R Cooper, S M Fraser, R D Sturrock, C G Gemmell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Serum titres of IgA are raised in ankylosing spondylitis and increased titres of antibodies to klebsiella have also been reported. The humoral response was investigated in ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory disorders. IgA antibodies to klebsiella pneumoniae K43 were measured in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn9s disease, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis and in controls. Significantly raised median titres of anti-klebsiella IgA, measured as optical density at 405 nm with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were seen among the patients with ankylosing spondylitis (0·7), Crohn9s disease (0·8), rheumatoid arthritis (0·6), and ulcerative colitis (0·8) compared with controls (0·4). Activity of disease in ankylosing spondylitis and titres of anti-klebsiella IgA were not correlated. In contrast, titres of anti-klebsiella IgM were significantly lower in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and ulcerative colitis. The increase in the titres of anti-klebsiella IgA may be due to increased permeability of the gut to bacterial antigens, leading to an increased IgA response in the gut mucosa and permitting the release of IgA into the circulation. As the increased antibody titres were seen in Crohn9s disease and rheumatoid arthritis as well as in ankylosing spondylitis the response may be non-specific, occurring because of possible underlying inflammatory bowel disease in these conditions.
CHOLINE AS A MEMBER OF THE VITAMIN B2 COMPLEX
Authors: Paul György, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The experimental rations commonly used in studies on the vitamin B(2) complex are, as a rule, low in content of choline. Addition of vitamin B(6) has an aggravating influence on the specific effect of deficiency of choline, especially with regard to the development of cortical necrosis of the kidneys. The acute and subacute lesions associated with this specific type of renal injury are described. The renal lesions and fat infiltration of the liver, observed in rats kept on a vitamin B free diet, supplemented with thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B(6), are indistinguishable from those attributed hitherto to cystine intoxication. Attention is drawn to the rôle of choline as a potential member of the vitamin B(2) complex and, in this connection, to the importance of the ratio cystine/methionine in the diet.
Insulin Infusions in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Sudha Kashyap, Richard A. Polin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Advancements in the care of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) infants have resulted in increased survival. The provision of adequate nutrition to meet the growth needs of these infants is one of the major challenges encountered by persons responsible for their care. Parenteral alimentation is generally begun on the first day of life, after which enteral feedings are gradually introduced. Hyperglycemia is a common complication of intravenous alimentation, especially in infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth. Continuous insulin infusion has been proposed as a therapy to reduce plasma glucose concentrations and optimize nutrition in these small infants. However, the use . . .
Loss of serum response factor in keratinocytes results in hyperproliferative skin disease in mice
Authors: Heidi Koegel, Lukas von Tobel, Matthias Schäfer, Siegfried Alberti, Elisabeth Kremmer, Cornelia Mauch, Daniel Hohl, Xiao-Jing Wang, Hans-Dietmar Beer, Wilhelm Bloch, Alfred Nordheim, Sabine Werner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) plays a crucial role in the development of several organs. However, its role in the skin has not been explored. Here, we show that keratinocytes in normal human and mouse skin expressed high levels of SRF but that SRF expression was strongly downregulated in the hyperproliferative epidermis of wounded and psoriatic skin. Keratinocyte-specific deletion within the mouse SRF locus during embryonic development caused edema and skin blistering, and all animals died in utero. Postnatal loss of mouse SRF in keratinocytes resulted in the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions. These lesions were characterized by inflammation, hyperproliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes as well as by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Ultrastructural analysis revealed markedly reduced cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts and loss of cell compaction in all epidermal layers. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRF in primary human keratinocytes revealed that the cytoskeletal abnormalities and adhesion defects were a direct consequence of the loss of SRF. In contrast, the hyperproliferation observed in vivo was an indirect effect that was most likely a consequence of the inflammation. These results reveal that loss of SRF disrupts epidermal homeostasis and strongly suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of hyperproliferative skin diseases, including psoriasis.
Bile acid synthesis in cultured human hepatocytes: support for an alternative biosynthetic pathway to cholic acid
Authors: Magnus Axelson, Ewa Ellis, Birgitta Mörk, Kristina Garmark, Anna Abrahamsson, Ingemar Björkhem, Bo-Göran Ericzon, Curt Einarsson
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The biosynthesis of bile acids by primary cultures of normal human hepatocytes has been investigated. A general and sensitive method for the isolation and analysis of sterols and bile acids was used, based on anion exchange chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Following incubation for 5 days, 8 oxysterols and 8 C 27 - or C 24 -bile acids were identified in media and cells. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids conjugated with glycine or taurine were by far the major steroids found, accounting for 70% and 24% of the total, respectively, being consistent with bile acid synthesis in human liver. Small amounts of sulfated 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid and 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid were also detected. Nine steroids were potential bile acid precursors (2% of total), the major precursors being 7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholenoic acid and its 5β-reduced form. These 2 and 5 other intermediates formed a complete metabolic sequence from cholesterol to cholic acid (CA). This starts with 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol, followed by oxidation to 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 12α-hydroxylation. Notably, 27-hydroxylation of the product 7α,12α-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and further oxidation and cleavage of the side chain precede A-ring reduction. A-Ring reduction may also occur before side-chain cleavage, but after 27-hydroxylation, yielding 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoic acid as an intermediate. The amounts of the intermediates increased in parallel to those of CA during 4 days of incubation. Suppressing 27-hydroxylation with cyclosporin A (CsA) resulted in a 10-fold accumulation of 7α,12α-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and a decrease of the production of CA and its acidic precursors. These results suggest that the observed intermediates reflect an alternative biosynthetic pathway to CA, which may be quantitatively significant in the cells.
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus by Organ Transplantation
Authors: Brian J.G. Pereira, Edgar L. Milford, Robert L. Kirkman, Andrew S. Levey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Liver disease is a frequent and major complication after organ transplantation. We sought to determine whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted by organ transplantation and whether it causes post-transplantation liver disease.Serum samples from all cadaver organ donors to the New England Organ Bank between 1986 and 1990 were screened retrospectively for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We reviewed the hospital records of all recipients of organs from anti-HCV-positive donors for evidence of liver disease. Serum samples from recipients obtained before transplantation and during follow-up were analyzed for anti-HCV.Of 716 organ donors, 13 (1.8 percent) were positive for anti-HCV. Their organs (19 kidneys, 6 hearts, and 4 livers) went to 29 recipients. Non-A, non-B hepatitis developed after transplantation in 14 of the 29 (48 percent), for a prevalence 7.4 times the 6.5 percent prevalence after transplantation from untested donors that was previously reported by two institutions in the organ bank (P less than 0.0001). The liver disease began a mean of 3.8 months after transplantation and became chronic in 12 patients; the other 2 had subfulminant hepatic failure. Liver disease was more frequent in the patients who had received antilymphocyte preparations (P = 0.04). HCV was the cause of the post-transplantation liver disease in 12 of the 13 recipients (92 percent) for whom serum samples were available. Anti-HCV was detected by ELISA in eight and enzyme immunoassay in one; in three others, HCV RNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in serum samples obtained after transplantation.Organ transplantation can transmit hepatitis C. This raises serious questions about the continued acceptance of organs from donors positive for anti-HCV.
c-Maf and you won’t see fat
Authors: Laurie K. McCauley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Osteoporosis is a common, age-related bone disease that results from an imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption, resulting in reduced bone mass and increased risk of fracture. Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblastic and adipogenic lineages; recent research suggests that the switch between these two fates may be key to the decreased bone density that occurs with aging. In this issue, Nishikawa et al. demonstrate that the basic leucine-zipper transcription factor Maf (also known as c-Maf) is central to osteoblast lineage commitment. In addition, they find that increased oxidative stress - as occurs with aging - decreases Maf expression. This work advances understanding of the transcriptional regulation of cell fate decisions and may help direct the development of new therapies to fight age-related bone loss.
A National Study of Internal Medicine and Its Specialties: II. Primary Care in Internal Medicine
Authors: ROBERT C. MENDENHALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A nationwide study of practitioners in 24 medical and surgical specialties was conducted by the University of Southern California School of Medicine, Division of Research in Medical Education. In this second report of a series presenting findings for internal medicine, general internal medicine and 10 subspecialties of internal medicine are compared using a care classification scheme designed for the study. On the basis of characteristics of the individual patient encounter, this care classification scheme distinguishes several dimensions associated with the concept of primary care. Five empirically derived types of care rather than a simple "primary" or "non-primary" dichotomy are described, and the distributions of each type for the 11 subspecialties examined are noted. Types of care (according to the care classification) are examined by the time per patient, the complexity of physician services, the severity and chronicity of problems, and the degree of specialization associated with providing different types of care. Estimates of the number of annual encounters, and the number of annual encounters for three of the five types of care, with the proportion of each accounted for by each subspecialty, are given.