tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response of Adult Patients with Osteomalacia to Treatment with Crystalline 1α-Hydroxy Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>
Authors: Philippe Bordier, Maurice M. Pechet, Robert Hesse, Pierre Marie, Howard Rasmussen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Preparation of synthetic sterols with hydroxyl groups in key positions on the sterol molecule opens the possibility of developing new antirachitic sterols to treat metabolic bone disease in man. One of the first of these that has been pre-prepared in crystalline form is 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3. We examined its effects in human subjects suffering from osteomalacia. The intravenous administration of 2.5 to 5.0 μg per 24 hours of pure crystalline 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 to four human subjects with vitamin-D-deficient osteomalacia induced a rise in serum phosphorus, an inconsistent effect on serum calcium, a decrease in urinary phosphate excretion, a decrease in the fecal excretion of both calcium and phosphorus, and a late rise in urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Phosphate clearance was decreased in all subjects. Bone biopsies were performed before and eight to 10 days after 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 therapy. Quantitative histologic analysis showed that active bone resorption and active bone formation both increased, and the percentage of the total osteoid surface bearing a calcification front was also increased. These results indicate that 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 is an active antirachitic agent in man. (N Engl J Med 291:866–871, 1974)
Are disease duration and degree of functional impairment determinants of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: O S Als, A Gotfredsen, B J Riis, C Christiansen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

One hundred and five patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with a variety of antirheumatic drugs, excepting glucocorticoids, were stratified according to the degree of functional impairment (functional classes I to IV) and duration of the disease (0-3 years; 4-8 years; and greater than 8 years). The variables investigated were distal forearm bone mineral content (BMC), biochemical markers of bone formation: serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein (BGP) and biochemical markers of bone resorption: fasting urinary calcium and fasting urinary hydroxyproline. Significant relationships were found between BMC and functional impairment and duration of the disease. Indices of bone formation and bone resorption rose with increasing functional impairment, particularly those of bone resorption. It is concluded that disability induces osteopenia in rheumatoid arthritis by increasing the bone turnover with a more marked increased in resorption than in the formation processes. The effect of the disease duration is merely that of adding more years of functional impairment.
Listing of Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatric Residencies-Reply
Authors: Anne E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —The EDUCATION ISSUE of JAMA , Section III,  Medical Education in the United States, contains only information about programs accredited by the American Council for Graduate Medical Education. The combined Internal Medicine/Pediatrics programs are not accredited as such by the American Council for Graduate Medical Education. The combined General Preventive Medicine/Public Health programs referred to in Dr Schubiner's letter are accredited as such by this council.
Treating scar tissues during endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal neoplasms
Authors: Peng Jin, Jian-qiu Sheng, Dong-liang Yu, Kuang-I Fu
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

The extensive fibrosis in gastrointestinal neoplasms with severe scarring often makes endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) difficult and unsafe to perform. The submucosal fibrosis prevents the mucosa layer from lifting during injection. In addition, the vessels in scar tissues are sometimes extensive and barely visible. Moreover, the scar tissue is hard to cut with a standard endoscopic electrosurgical knife. Therefore, ESD for this type of lesion results in more complications, and is associated with a lower en bloc resection rate.
Dose-dependent effects of capsaicin nasal challenge: In vivo evidence of human airway neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Alvin M. Sanico, Satsuki Atsuta, David Proud, Alkis Togiaas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

Background: Nerve involvement has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. Peptidergic nerve stimulation has been shown to induce leukocyte activation and plasma extravasation in the airways of various animal species. The occurrence of this phenomenon of neurogenic inflammation in the human airway, however, has not been established. Objective: We conducted this study to determine whether neuronal stimulation can induce reproducible and dose-dependent inflammatory changes in the human upper airway. Methods: Ten volunteers with active allergic rhinitis participated in the study. Capsaicin, the pungent component of hot pepper that specifically stimulates afferent nerve fibers, was administered by means of nasal spray in doses of 1 μg, 10 μg, and 100 μg in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner with 1 week between doses. Symptom scores before and after capsaicin nasal challenge were recorded by using visual analog scales. Nasal lavage fluids collected before and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after capsaicin challenge were analyzed for leukocyte counts; albumin and lysozyme levels were measured to evaluate effects on plasma leakage and gland secretion, respectively. Results: Capsaicin nasal challenge produced symptoms of burning, congestion, and rhinorrhea. Leukocyte counts or albumin and lysozyme levels were not significantly increased after administration of 1 μg of capsaicin at any time point. On the other hand, there were significant increases in leukocyte counts 1 hour (p < 0.05) and 4 hours (p = 0.008) after 10 μg of capsaicin and 30 minutes (p = 0.009), 1 hour (p = 0.007), and 4 hours (p = 0.007) after 100 μg of capsaicin. Albumin and lysozyme levels were both significantly increased 30 minutes after 10 μg and 100 μg of capsaicin (p = 0.005 for both). Comparison of changes in symptom scores, leukocyte counts, and albumin and lysozyme levels among the three capsaicin challenges indicated generally increasing effects with higher capsaicin doses. Conclusion: Capsaicin-sensitive nerve stimulation in subjects with active allergic rhinitis produces reproducible and dose-dependent leukocyte influx, albumin leakage, and glandular secretion. These results provide in vivo evidence for the occurrence of neurogenic inflammation in the human upper airway with active allergic disease. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:632-41.)
Mutations in G protein β subunits promote transformation and kinase inhibitor resistance
Authors: Akinori Yoda, Guillaume Adelmant, Jerome Tamburini, Bjoern Chapuy, Nobuaki Shindoh, Yuka Yoda, Oliver Weigert, Nadja Kopp, Shuo-Chieh Wu, Sunhee S Kim, Huiyun Liu, Trevor Tivey, Amanda L Christie, Kutlu G Elpek, Joseph Card, Kira Gritsman, Jason Gotlib, Michael W Deininger, Hideki Makishima, Shannon J Turley, Nathalie Javidi-Sharifi, Jaroslaw P Maciejewski, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Benjamin L Ebert, Scott J Rodig, Jeffrey W Tyner, Jarrod A Marto, David M Weinstock, Andrew A Lane
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
ISOLATED FECAL MICROORGANISMS CAPABLE OF 7 α-DEHYDROXYLATING BILE ACIDS
Authors: Bengt E. Gustafsson, Tore Midtvedt, Arne Norman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Strains of microorganisms capable of 7alpha-dehydroxylation of chenodeoxycholate were isolated from rat and human feces. All the strains were strictly anaerobic, non-motile, moderately themioresistant Gram-positive rods. They showed some saccharolytic properties with the production of both acid and gas. They were H(2)S-positive but indole-, skatole-, citrate-, catalase-, and oxidase-negative. The isolated strains capable of 7alpha-dehydroxylation of chenodeoxycholate were also able to oxidize the hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-7 to keto groups. The following metabolites were isolated: 3-keto-7alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid, 3alpha-hydroxy-7-keto-5beta-cholanoic acid, 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid, and 3-keto-5beta-cholanoic acid. The isolated strains did not have the enzymes necessary for hydrolyzing conjugated bile acids. In mixed anaerobic cultures of fecal microorganisms, extensive reduction of the 3-keto group to the 3beta-hydroxyl group occurred. The microorganism(s) responsible for this reaction have as yet not been isolated.
Differential Analysis of Opacification in Angiocardiography
Authors: J. LIND, R. SPENCER, C. WEGELIUS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Each individual exposure in an angiocardiogram gives a picture of the arrested motion of the heart in successive stages of opacification. By combining these isolated views in a graph, a continuous dynamic process can be visualized. The chambers of the heart can be analyzed separately, and by correlating the opacification in the various chambers, the function of the heart as a whole can be studied.
Women, Surgery, and Leadership
Authors: Amalia Cochran, Julie Ann Freischlag, Patricia Numann
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Late-onset X-linked sideroblastic anemia. Missense mutations in the erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene in two pyridoxine-responsive patients initially diagnosed with acquired refractory anemia and ringed sideroblasts.
Authors: P D Cotter, A May, E J Fitzsimons, T Houston, B E Woodcock, A I al-Sabah, L Wong, D F Bishop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) is caused by muta- tions of the erythroid-specific 6-aminolevulinate synthase gene (ALAS2) resulting in deficient heme synthesis.The characteristic hypochromic, microcytic anemia typically be- comes manifest in the first three decades of life.Hematologic response to pyridoxine is variable and rarely complete.We report two unrelated cases of highly pyridoxine-responsive XLSA in geriatric patients previously diagnosed with refractory anemia and ringed sideroblasts.A previously unaf- fected 77-yr-old male and an 81-yr-old female were each found to have developed severe hypochromic, microcytic anemia with ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow, which responded dramatically to pyridoxine with normalization of hemoglobin values.Sequence analysis identified an A to C transversion in exon 7 (K299Q) of the ALAS2 gene in the male proband and his daughter.In the female proband a G to A transition was identified in exon 5 (A172T).This mutation resulted in decreased in vitro stability of bone marrow 6-aminolevulinate synthase activity.Each patient's recombinant mutant ALAS2 enzyme had marked thermola- bility.Addition of pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate in vitro stabilized the mutant enzymes, consistent with the observed dramatic response to pyridoxine in vivo.This late-onset form of XLSA can be distinguished from refractory anemia and ringed sideroblasts by microcytosis, pyridoxine-responsiveness, and ALAS2 mutations.These findings emphasize the need to consider all elderly patients with microcytic sideroblastic anemia as candidates for XLSA, especially if pyridoxine
Phase 2 Randomized Safety and Efficacy Trial of Nebulized Denufosol Tetrasodium in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Robin R. Deterding, Lisa M. LaVange, Jean M. Engels, Dave W. Mathews, Sarah J. Coquillette, Alan S. Brody, Steve P. Millard, Bonnie W. Ramsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Denufosol tetrasodium is a selective P2Y(2) agonist that enhances mucosal hydration and mucus clearance by activating Cl(-) secretion and inhibiting epithelial Na(+) transport through a non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mechanism in the lung.To examine the safety and efficacy of 28 days of treatment with denufosol compared with placebo in patients with mild cystic fibrosis.The study was a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, 28-day, phase 2 clinical trial of denufosol tetrasodium inhalation solution (20, 40, or 60 mg) versus placebo (normal saline). Patients with screening FEV(1) >or= 75% of predicted normal value and not treated with inhaled antibiotics for the past 30 days were randomized to receive one of three doses of denufosol or placebo administered three times daily.Eighty-nine patients were randomized and received the study drug, 94% completed the study, and 98% were compliant with dosing. All treatments were generally well tolerated, with no dose-response trends observed with respect to safety parameters. The most common adverse event was cough (52% of placebo patients and 47% of denufosol patients). Five patients discontinued early due to adverse events, two on placebo and three on denufosol. Denufosol patients (pooling active doses) had significantly higher changes from baseline in FEV(1) (P = 0.006), FEF(25%-75%) (P = 0.008), FVC (P = 0.022), and FEV(1)/FVC (P = 0.047) than placebo patients at the end of the study.Denufosol administered three times daily for 28 days appeared to be safe and well tolerated in this population with mild cystic fibrosis and provided preliminary evidence of potential benefit in lung function.
"Polypill" to fight cardiovascular disease: Birthday present was much appreciated
Authors: F. Ramos
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—As a citizen of one of the “developing countries” quoted by Wald and Law,1 I enjoy the free access to bmj.com, but I was amazed at the “collector's issue” of 28 June, published on my 55th birthday.2

I wonder whether the Editor's choice commentary is a product of …
Dissecting Aneurysm of Left Atrium Following External Cardiac Massage
Authors: Richard F. Romfh
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WE REPORT a dissecting aneurysm of the left atrium following external cardiac massage. Although many types of injuries can occur to the heart from external cardiac massage,<sup>1</sup>we found no reports of dissecting atrial aneurysms in that setting. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 73-year-old man who underwent mitral valve replacement in 1972 sustained a postoperative heart block that required placement of a permanent transvenous pacemaker, which required continuous anticoagulation with warfarin sodium. In August 1975 at the time of the pacemaker generator replacement, a chest roentgenogram demonstrated a slight bulge in the upper border of the left side of the heart. On Jan 21, 1977, his pacemaker failed, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated by allied health personnel. At the hospital a temporary transvenous pacemaker was installed. A chest roentgenogram demonstrated cardiomegaly with a massive bulge in the upper border of the left side of the heart (Fig 1). The
More women at low risk of problems should have midwife led care, says King's Fund
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Midwife led care should be used more widely for women at low to medium risk of complications during delivery, recommends a new report looking at how to improve maternity care in UK hospitals.

The report, published on 6 March, was commissioned by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund to answer the question of whether the safety of maternity services can be improved by better deployment of existing staff.

The researchers, led by Jane Sandall, professor of women’s health at King’s College London, reviewed the literature on safety in labour and birth and interviewed key UK stakeholders. They found evidence that the maternity workforce could be used more effectively by more widespread use of midwife led care for women who are unlikely to have major problems during …
STUDIES ON CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE SURVIVAL IN VITRO OF A MALARIAL PARASITE (PLASMODIUM LOPHURAE)
Authors: William Trager
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

The survival of Plasmodium lophurae in vitro, at temperatures of 39.5-42 degrees C., is favored by a balanced salt solution having a high potassium content, by aeration but not by a very high oxygen tension, by an optimal density of parasites per cubic millimeter, by frequent renewal of the suspending medium, by concentrated red cell extract, by optimal concentrations of plasma or serum, of chick embryo extract, of glucose or glycogen, and of glutathione, and probably by yeast extract and a very low concentration of liver extract. In the best preparations, as judged by infectivity, more than 40 per cent of the parasites were alive on the 3rd day, more than 20 per cent on the 4th day, perhaps 1 per cent on the 5th day, and about 0.05 per cent on the 6th day. Evidence was obtained that the parasites had multiplied during the 1st day of incubation.
Urinary exosomal transcription factors, a new class of biomarkers for renal disease
Authors: Hua Zhou, Anita Cheruvanky, Xuzhen Hu, Takayuki Matsumoto, Noriyuki Hiramatsu, Monique E. Cho, Alexandra Berger, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Kent Doi, Lakhmir S. Chawla, Gabor G. Illei, Jeffrey B. Kopp, James E. Balow, Howard A. Austin, Peter S.T. Yuen, Robert A. Star
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Resolving the Tension Between Population Health and Individual Health Care
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Health care in the United States is far costlier than in any other country, yet its outcomes, while improving, are worsening relative to other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1 Perhaps the de facto organizing principle for US health care—approaching each patient strictly as an individual—is obsolete. The population health approach is an alternative. It aims to improve and maintain health across a defined population. 2,3 A “defined population” can mean a clinician’s patients or a health plan’s enrollees, but the defined population for the population health approach includes everyone in the community. This Viewpoint addresses 3 related questions. First, can the population health approach improve the outcomes of US health care? Second, for the population health approach to succeed, must it reconcile the needs of the individual and the community? Third, how might
The Munich Polypectomy Study (MUPS): Prospective Analysis of Complications and Risk Factors in 4000 Colonic Snare Polypectomies
Authors: W. Heldwein, M. Dollhopf, T. Rösch, A. Meining, G. Schmidtsdorff, J. Hasford, P. Hermanek, R. Burlefinger, B. Birkner, W. Schmitt
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Screening colonoscopy with polypectomy has been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with colorectal cancer. However, there is a lack of large and systematic prospective studies of the complications of polypectomy. Patients and Methods: Data on all snare polypectomies performed in 13 institutions (six hospitals and seven gastroenterology offices) were recorded prospectively during a 20-month period, including data on a 30-day follow-up period. The primary end points of the study were polypectomy complications, which were classed as "major" or "minor". Risk factors for complications were analyzed for both patient characteristics and polyp parameters. Results: A total of 3976 snare polypectomies in 2257 patients (mean age 64.5 years) were included in the study. The mean polyp size was 1.1 cm, and 72 % were sessile. Complications occurred in 9.7 % of patients (6.1 % of polyps); 75 % of these complications were minor; and the mortality rate was zero. Multivariate regression analysis revealed polyp size as the main risk factor, both for complications overall (odds ratio 6.56, 95 %CI 4.45-9.67) and for major complications (odds ratio 31.01, 95 %CI 7.53-128.1). Right-sided polyp location was a significant risk factor for major complications (odds ratio 2.40, 95 %CI 1.34-4.28). Setting a cut-off value of 3 % as an acceptable rate for major complications, polyps larger than 1 cm in the right colon or 2 cm in the left colon, and multiple polyps carried an increased risk. Conclusions: Colonoscopic polypectomy is associated with a 10 % rate of complications, but three-quarters of these are of minor clinical significance. More than 90 % of the complications can be managed conservatively if adequate endoscopic expertise is available. Guidelines for intensified follow-up after polypectomy should be based on the size, location, and number of a patient's polyps.
High receptor binding affinity of lipoproteins in atypical dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia).
Authors: D A Chappell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (or type III hyperlipoproteinemia) is characterized by the presence of abnormal, cholesteryl ester-rich beta-very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) in the plasma. Subjects with typical dysbetalipoproteinemia are homozygous for an amino acid substitution in apolipoprotein (apo-) E at residue 158 and have defective apo-E-mediated binding of both pre-beta-VLDL and beta-VLDL to apo-B,E(LDL) (or LDL) receptors (1988. Chappell, D.A., J. Clin. Invest. 82:628-639). To understand the effect of substitutions in apo-E at sites other than residue 158, nine dysbetalipoproteinemic (dys-beta) subjects who were either homozygous or heterozygous for substitutions in apo-E at atypical sites were studied. These substitutions occurred at residue 142 (n = 6), 145 (n = 2), or 146 (n = 1) and are known to cause less defective binding than does the 158 substitution. The chemical composition and electrophoretic mobility of pre-beta-VLDL and beta-VLDL from atypical and typical dys-beta subjects were indistinguishable. However, lipoproteins from atypical and typical dys-beta subjects differed in their affinity for the apo-B,E(LDL) receptor on cultured human fibroblasts. The pre-beta-VLDL and beta-VLDL from atypical dys-beta subjects had 640- or 17-fold higher affinity, respectively, than did corresponding lipoproteins from typical dys-beta subjects. The higher binding affinity of lipoproteins from atypical dys-beta subjects was associated with a higher ratio of apo-E to total apo-C. Since higher binding affinity should cause more rapid receptor-mediated clearance of beta-VLDL in atypical than in typical dys-beta subjects in vivo, the mechanism of beta-VLDL accumulation may differ in these two groups.