tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Cadmium Levels in Pancreatic Cancer Patients from the East Nile Delta Region of Egypt
Authors: Alison M. Kriegel, Amr S. Soliman, Qing Zhang, Nabih El-Ghawalby, Farouk Ezzat, Ahmed Soultan, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Omar Fathy, Gamal Ebidi, Nadia Bassiouni, Stanley R. Hamilton, James L. Abbruzzese, Michelle R. Lacey, Diane A. Blake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The northeast Nile Delta region exhibits a high incidence of early-onset pancreatic cancer. It is well documented that this region has one of the highest levels of pollution in Egypt. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that cadmium, a prevalent pollutant in the northeast Nile Delta region, plays a role in the development of pancreatic cancer.Objective: We aimed to assess serum cadmium levels as markers of exposure in pancreatic cancer patients and noncancer comparison subjects from the same region in Egypt.Design and Participants: We assessed serum cadmium levels of 31 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients and 52 hospital comparison subjects from Mansoura, Egypt.Evaluation/Measurements: Serum cadmium levels were measured using a novel immunoassay procedure.Results: We found a significant difference between the mean serum cadmium levels in patients versus comparison subjects (mean ± SD, 11.1 ± 7.7 ng/mL vs. 7.1 ± 5.0 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.012) but not in age, sex, residence, occupation, or smoking status. The odds ratio (OR) for pancreatic cancer risk was significant for serum cadmium level [OR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.23; p = 0.0089] and farming (OR = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.03–11.64; p = 0.0475) but not for age, sex, residence, or smoking status.Conclusions: The results from this pilot study suggest that pancreatic cancer in the East Nile Delta region is significantly associated with high levels of serum cadmium and farming.Relevance to Clinical Practice/Public Health: Future studies should further investigate the etiologic relationship between cadmium exposure and pancreatic carcinogenesis in cadmium-exposed populations.
Narrative and Medicine
Authors: Rita Charon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 36-year-old Dominican man with a chief symptom of back pain comes to see me for the first time. As his new internist, I tell him, I have to learn as much as I can about his health. Could he tell me whatever he thinks I should know about his situation? And then I do my best not to say a word, not to write in his chart, but to absorb all that he emits about his life and his health. I listen not only for the content of his narrative, but for its form — its temporal course, its . . .
Contrasting effects of blockade of nitric oxide formation on resistance and conductance coronary vessels in conscious dogs
Authors: R. Parent, N. Hamdad, Z. Ming, M. Lavallee
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To determine the differential effects of blockade of nitric oxide (NO) formation by an arginine analogue on basal and stimulated NO release in conductance and resistance coronary vessels.In conscious dogs, instrumented for measuring coronary blood flow (CBF) and external epicardial coronary artery diameter (CD), intracoronary (ic) acetylcholine (ACH, 3.0 ng/kg), adenosine (ADENO 100.0 ng/kg) and nitroglycerin (NTG, 10.0 ng/kg) were injected before and after ic N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 50.0 micrograms.kg-1 min-1 for 12 min) to block NO synthesis.Before L-NAME, ACH increased CBF by 65.3 +/- 9.0 from 42.4 +/- 2.9 ml/min and CD by 0.199 +/- 0.035 from 3.374 +/- 0.193 mm. L-NAME failed to alter baseline CBF but reduced (P < 0.01) CD to 3.220 +/- 0.199 mm. CBF responses to ACH were smaller (P < 0.01) (32.8 +/- 5.3 ml/min) after L-NAME. In contrast, ACH-induced increases in CD (0.184 +/- 0.053 mm) were not altered. L-NAME did not change CBF responses to NTG but increased CD responses (0.345 +/- 0.062 vs 0.217 +/- 0.043 mm, P < 0.01). ADENO-induced increases in CBF were smaller after L-NAME (46.5 +/- 5.6 vs 79.8 +/- 10.9 ml/min, P < 0.01). Increases in CD created by ADENO, a flow-dependent phenomenon, were nearly abolished after L-NAME (0.043 +/- 0.018 vs 0.195 +/- 0.026 mm, P < 0.01) and partially restored by ic L-arginine. The effects of L-NAME on CBF and CD responses to ACH and ADENO continuously delivered into the coronary artery were similar to those of boluses.L-NAME selectively reduced ACH-induced dilation in resistance coronary vessels but failed to prevent responses of conductance coronary vessels in spite of reducing baseline CD and blocking flow-dependent effects of ADENO. Therefore, blockade of NO formation resulted in disparate effects on receptor-operated dilation of resistance and conductance coronary vessels.
Some Untoward Effects from Trional.
Authors: K. B. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Memphis, Tenn., May 24, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some months ago a patient of mine took a dose of 20 grains of trional at 10 P.M., for insomnia with peculiar results cited below. Shortly after having taking it he went to sleep and did not awaken until he was aroused the next morning for breakfast. Not feeling very well, he had a cup of coffee brought to his bed. After a short while he arose and went to his office, but feeling very bad he returned home about 10:30 A.M. and again lay down and went to sleep. On being aroused for dinner by the servant, his wife being away, he responded that he would be down in a few minutes, but instead he went to his club for dinner. While at the club he must have felt ill as he went into the lounging room and slept until 7:30
Sequential application of cold and sodium lauryl sulphate decreases irritation and barrier disruption in vivo in humans
Authors: J.W. Fluhr, A. Bornkessel, A. Akengin, S. Fuchs, J. Norgauer, P. Kleesz, R. Grieshaber, P. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most frequent types of occupational dermatitis. Different factors are involved in the development of contact dermatitis. In the food-processing industry, the combined exposure to different irritants may be involved in the development of ICD. Few data have been published regarding the irritant potential of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in combination with cold. Objectives The present study was intended to analyse whether cold exposure and low skin temperature influence the development of ICD. Methods Twenty (part I) and 12 (part II) healthy volunteers were exposed twice daily for 4 days to SLS alone, different low temperatures alone (4 °C six times for 90 s with an interval of 20 s or 15 °C for 10 min) or a combination of cold and SLS (19·6 µL SLS 1% cm−2, part I; or 52·6 µL SLS 0·5% cm−2, part II) using the tandem repetitive irritation test. Irritant cutaneous reactions were measured by noninvasive biophysical methods with transepidermal water loss as a parameter for permeability barrier function and skin colour reflectance together with visual scoring as parameters for inflammatory reactions. Results Cold alone caused no significant skin reaction compared with untreated control. Exposure to SLS alone and SLS together with cold (independent of the applied temperature of 4 or 15 °C) twice daily induced a clear irritant reaction and barrier disturbance. Reactions did not differ whether SLS was applied before or after cold. Furthermore, ‘tandem application’ of cold and SLS diminished the barrier disruption and irritant reaction compared with SLS alone. Conclusions We conclude that the application of cold may have a protective effect on the development of ICD, at least in our short-term model.
Renal clearance in man of pharmaceuticals containing radioactive iodine
Authors: F. T. Maher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Renal clearances of diatrizoate sodium I 125 or iothalamate sodium I 125 measure 90% to 100% of simultaneous classic clearances of inulin; clearances of iodohippurate sodium I 131 or iodopyracet I 131 are 84% and 79%, respectively, of simultaneous clearances of aminohippurate sodium. Plasma binding (8% to 27% of diatrizoate sodium I 125 or iothalamate sodium I 125; 64% to 70% of iodohippurate sodium I 131; 29% to 42% of iodopyracet I 131; 7% to 25% of aminohippurate) is revealed by ultrafiltration studies. Binding is labile and dissociable. Correcting clearances of diatrizoate sodium I 125 or iothalamate sodium I 125 for plasma binding yields values exceeding those of insulin clearances. Uncorrected, they are satisfactory substitutes for inulin clearance in man. Clearances of iodohippurate sodium I 131 or iodopyracet I 131 approximate adequately clearances of aminohippurate when carrier iodopyracet is added and the clearances are corrected for plasma binding to provide an estimate of total clearance.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Induces an Antiinflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Jeniter E. Hughes, Suseela Srinivasan, Kevin R. Lynch, Richard L. Proia, Pawel Ferdek, Catherine C. Hedrick
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Activated macrophages acquire a proinflammatory (classic) or antiinflammatory (alternative) phenotype that influences atherosclerosis. The present study investigated whether sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), with its known antiinflammatory effects, could regulate the inflammatory phenotype of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages. Activation of macrophages by LPS significantly increases proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Pretreatment of macrophages with 500 nmol/L S1P markedly reduced LPS-mediated secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-12. Such antiinflammatory actions were also evident in LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with the S1P1 receptor-specific agonist SEW2871. Pharmacological antagonism of the S1P1 receptor on macrophages using the S1P1-specific antagonist VPC44116 also blocked proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to LPS. Studies using bone marrow-derived macrophages from S1P2-deficient mice revealed that the S1P2 receptor did not play a pivotal role in this process. Thus, activation of the S1P1 receptor in mouse macrophages limits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that S1P increased arginase I activity and inhibited LPS-induced inducible NO synthase activity in LPS-treated macrophages, again through S1P1 receptor activation on macrophages. Analysis of a 1.7-kb region of the murine inducible NO synthase promoter revealed the presence of putative nuclear factor kappaB, activator protein-1, and STAT-1 response elements. Using inducible NO synthase promoter-reporter constructs, we found that S1P significantly reduced the nuclear factor kappaB-mediated induction of inducible NO synthase. These findings demonstrate an important role for S1P in the regulation of macrophage phenotypic switching. Therefore, we conclude that S1P promotes the production of an alternative antiinflammatory macrophage phenotype through activation of the macrophage S1P1 receptor.
Violence in the NHS must be addressed
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

There was unanimous support at the annual representative meeting of the BMA last week for the provision of appropriate security for staff in hospitals and general practice because of the increasing threats to staff.

All the representatives who spoke in support of the proposal had personal stories of violence against themselves or colleagues. “The meeting should not think that violence in rural areas is not a problem,” the motion's …
Quantitative liver parameters of HCV infection: relation to HCV genotypes, viremia and response to interferon treatment
Authors: Giorgio Ballardini, Aldo Manzin, Fabrizio Giostra, Raffaella Francesconi, Paolo Groff, Alberto Grassi, Laura Solforosi, Sabrina Ghetti, Daniela Zauli, Massimo Clementi, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva With Aorta–to–Right Atrial Fistula
Authors: Seamus Cullen, Ian D. Sullivan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

A 20-year-old man presented with a history of acute- onset left-sided chest pain that radiated to the left shoulder and arm.This was associated with breathlessness.He had undergone repair of a "high" perimembranous ventricular septal defect at 2 years of age at this hospital.Since that operation, serial clinical examinations had revealed no cardiac murmurs.On this occasion, a new continuous cardiac murmur was heard at the left sternal edge on auscultation.Transesophageal echocardiography was performed (Figure).This demonstrated an aorta-toright atrial fistula through a ruptured noncoronary sinus of Valsalva.This was confirmed at operation, and repair was undertaken.At 6-month follow-up, the patient remained well and asymptomatic.
Arthroscopy and Arthrography
Authors: Robert P. Cavallino
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Dr Mooney, in his editorial A Few Lessons in Orthopedics (1982;247:1606), gives a falsely low impression of the value of arthrography. Referring to an article inThe Journalconcerning anterior cruciate ligament injuries, he cites  false-positive results. Actually, only seven of 19 patients underwent arthrography, and three of the seven received correct diagnoses.  Arthroscopy and arthrography are complementary, and arthrography performed by a skilled practitioner can be reliable in 90% to 95% of the cases, as proved in several large series in which 5,000 to 10,000 studies were performed. Our experience in more than 7,000 examinations continues to demonstrate this accuracy, and our data were presented to The Chicago Orthopedic Society in October 1981.  Since arthrography has become more popular, we have seen numerous medial meniscus posterior horn tears that were not detected by previous arthroscopy. We believe that arthrography, a proved test of high accuracy
Epigenetic control of vascular smooth muscle cells in Marfan and non-Marfan thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Delphine Gomez, Aurélie Coyet, Véronique Ollivier, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Guillaume Jondeau, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Roger Vranckx
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Human thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are characterized by extracellular matrix breakdown associated with progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) rarefaction.These features are present in all types of TAA: monogenic forms [mainly Marfan syndrome (MFS)], forms associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), and degenerative forms.Initially described in a mouse model of MFS, the transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1)/Smad2 signalling pathway is now assumed to play a role in TAA of various aetiologies.However, the relation between the aetiological diversity and the common cell phenotype with respect to TGF-b signalling remains unexplained. Methods and resultsThis study was performed on human aortic samples, including TAA [MFS, n ¼ 14; BAV, n ¼ 15; and degenerative, n ¼ 19] and normal aortas (n ¼ 10) from which tissue extracts and human SMCs and fibroblasts were obtained.We show that all types of TAA share a complex dysregulation of Smad2 signalling, independent of TGF-b1 in TAA-derived SMCs (pharmacological study, qPCR).The Smad2 dysregulation is characterized by an SMC-specific, heritable activation and overexpression of Smad2, compared with normal aortas.The cell specificity and heritability of this overexpression strongly suggest the implication of epigenetic control of Smad2 expression.By chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that the increases in H3K9/14 acetylation and H3K4 methylation are involved in Smad2 overexpression in TAA, in a cell-specific and transcription start site-specific manner. ConclusionOur results demonstrate the heritability, the cell specificity, and the independence with regard to TGF-b1 and genetic backgrounds of the Smad2 dysregulation in human thoracic aneurysms and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms regulating histone marks in this process.
And now--dysoxia
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Oxygen availability, supply, and delivery are not the only fateful factors in providing normal tissue oxygen saturation.  In 1962, Turkington and Nordwind 1 were the first to indicate that mitochondria as the main site of respiration and the conservation of oxidate energy through the formation of adenosine triphosphate exert a regulating role on cellular or tissue oxygen metabolism.  In 1973, Goldfischer et al 2 reported that they found structural and functional abnormalities in peroxisomes and mitochondria, the two organelles principally concerned with cellular respiration, in patients with cerebral hepatorenal syndrome.  Most recently, Robin 3 discussed abnormal tissue oxygen utilization in a special report in the Archives of Internal Medicine . He states that the ultimate cause of the clinical abnormalities associated with changes in oxygen supply and oxygen utilization is the development of abnormal tissue oxygen metabolism. As previous authors have done, he has indicated the cell organelles, especially mitochondria, as
The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs
Authors: Brent A. Bauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 September 2003The ABC Clinical Guide to HerbsBrent A. Bauer, MDBrent A. Bauer, MDFrom The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-6-200309160-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Blunenthal, M, ed. 480 pages. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; 2003. $49.95. ISBN 1588901572. Order phone 800-782-3488.Field of medicine: Herbal therapy, phytomedicine, and complementary and alternative medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians who encounter patients using or interested in using herbal products. Since recent studies suggest that approximately 50% of U.S. adults have used an herbal product in the past year, this book should interest all clinicians.Purpose: To provide a detailed review of relevant therapeutic and clinical data concerning some of the most frequently used medicinal herbs and to serve as a reference in clinical practice and in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 September 2003Volume 139, Issue 6Page: 534KeywordsAvidin biotin complexComplementary and alternative medicineDrug interactionsHerbal medicineInformation storage and retrievalSafetySoftware tools ePublished: 16 September 2003 Issue Published: 16 September 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
BACTERIAL INTERFERENCE: RELATING TO CHRONIC FURUNCULOSIS IN MAN*
Authors: HOWARD I. MAIBACH, WALTER G. STRAUSS, HENRY R. SHINEFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article BACTERIAL INTERFERENCE: RELATING TO CHRONIC FURUNCULOSIS IN MAN Get access HOWARD I. MAIBACH, HOWARD I. MAIBACH Division of Dermatology and Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALTER G. STRAUSS, WALTER G. STRAUSS Division of Dermatology and Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HENRY R. SHINEFIELD HENRY R. SHINEFIELD Division of Dermatology and Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s1, 1 January 1969, Pages 69–76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12836.x Published: 01 January 1969
Decision to treat mild hypertension after assessment by ambulatory monitoring and World Health Organisation recommendations.
Authors: G. Chatellier, C. Battaglia, J. Y. Pagny, P. F. Plouin, J. Menard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if one ambulatory blood pressure recording over 12 hours could detect those patients with mild hypertension who needed treatment according to the World Health Organisation-International Society of Hypertension (ISH) guidelines based on the causal measurement of diastolic blood pressure at successive visits to a clinic. DESIGN--Comparison of decision to treat based on one ambulatory measurement over 12 hours and standard blood pressure measurements over six months in the same patients. SETTING--Outpatient hypertension clinic. SUBJECTS--130 men and women with diastolic blood pressure of 90-104 mm Hg at second visit to clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure measurements over six months. Measurement from ambulatory monitoring. Decision to treat. RESULTS--Of the 130 patients included, 108 were followed up over the six months. Treatment was started according to WHO-ISH criteria in 44 (13 at the third visit, 13 at the fourth, 18 at the fifth). According to the selected criteria for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 41 patients would have been treated. Both methods agreed that the same 27 patients required treatment and the same 50 did not, but they did not agree in 31 patients. When calculated at the optimal diastolic blood pressure threshold determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were 71% (95% confidence interval 57% to 84%), 82% (72% to 92%), and 66% (51% to 81%), respectively. CONCLUSION--If the WHO-ISH criteria are accepted as the standard for deciding to treat patients with mild hypertension the predictive value of one ambulatory blood pressure recording over 12 hours is too low to detect with confidence those patients who need treatment when managed according to these criteria.