tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COAGULATION AND LIQUEFACTION OF SEMEN
Authors: Charles Huggins, William Neal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Certain specimens of human semen shorten the coagulation time of whole blood because of the presence of active thromboplastic agents, while other samples prolong its coagulation time. Human prostatic fluid in large amounts always delays or abolishes blood coagulation. The delay or absence of clotting is counteracted by adding calcium ions and is due to the large concentration of citrate in prostatic fluid and in some semens. While most specimens of dog semen shorten the coagulation time of blood because of their thromboplastic activity, certain specimens render blood incoagulable or delay coagulation; in contrast to human semen, this adverse effect on coagulation is not overcome with calcium ions and is due to a different mechanism, the lysis of fibrinogen. The citrate content of dog prostatic fluid is small. Human semen which has become liquefied does not contain thrombin or prothrombin, but fibrinogen and thromboplastic substances are present. Beef fibrinogen added to semen is destroyed by incubation for 18 hours, but added prothrombin and thromboplastic substances are still present after this treatment. Dog semen, in some instances, contains small amounts of thrombin. The semens of man and dog contain a fibrinolysin for human blood which seems not to differ greatly from the fibrinolysin associated with hemolytic streptococci. The blood of the donor of prostatic fluid is susceptible to fibrinolysis by this fluid. However, the blood of persons with some diseases, is absolutely resistant to the action of seminal fibrinolysin. In how many diseases this happens has not yet been determined. The semens of man and dog both contain an agent capable of inactivating fibrinogen, but in different amounts. This activity may be called fibrinogenase. Human semen is rich in fibrinolysin, poor in fibrinogenase; dog semen is rich in fibrinogenase, poor in fibrinolysin. These species differences, together with the fact that it is easy by appropriate dilution to retain the stronger proteolytic agent and eliminate the weaker one, imply that fibrinolysin and fibrinogenase are different entities. Dog semen, and less constantly human semen, contain very small amounts of trypsin. All of these proteolytic agents derive from the prostate gland; their secretion in prostatic fluid constitutes a hitherto undescribed function for the prostate gland.
Adenosine deaminase and carcinoembryonic antigen in pericardial effusion diagnosis, especially in suspected tuberculous pericarditis.
Authors: K K Koh, E J Kim, C H Cho, M J Choi, S K Cho, S S Kim, M H Kim, C J Lee, S H Jin, J M Kim
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been measured in pleural fluid to help distinguish malignant from benign effusions, especially in tuberculous pleurisy. We investigated ADA and CEA levels in patients with moderate to large pericardial effusions of different etiologies.We performed diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiostomy with drainage and biopsy. We measured ADA and CEA levels in the pericardial fluid in 26 patients with moderate to large pericardial effusion and 19 control patients. Patients were included in a prospective protocol from August 1991 to August 1993. Patients were grouped as follows: group 1, 9 patients with tuberculous pericarditis (TP) confirmed by bacteriologic culture or histology of pericardial biopsy; group 2, 5 patients with clinically strongly suspected TP; group 3, 12 patients with malignancy (8) and acute pericarditis (4); group 4, 19 control patients without pericardial disease. We treated patients with TP with isoniazid, rifampin, and either streptomycin or ethambutol for 12 months and pyrazinamide for 2 months. We observed for symptoms and signs of recurrent pericarditis or constrictive pericarditis on follow-up. In group 1 the ADA activity was significantly higher (101 +/- 14 U/L) than that in group 3 (22 +/- 5 U/L) or that in group 4 (17 +/- 2 U/L) (P < .05). There was no significant difference between ADA activity in group 1 (101 +/- 14 U/L) and that in group 2 (100 +/- 26 U/L). With a cutoff value for ADA activity of 40 U/L, sensitivity was 93% and specificity 97% in the diagnosis of TP. In benign diseases, the CEA level was significantly lower (1.0 +/- 0.3 ng/mL) than that in malignant diseases (135.1 +/- 79.7 ng/mL) (P < .05). With a cutoff value for CEA level of 5 ng/mL, sensitivity was 75% and specificity 100% in the diagnosis of malignant pericarditis. Follow-up study (mean, 12.9, 19.8, and 11.8 months in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, showed no symptoms or signs of constrictive pericarditis, except for 1 patient.Pericardial fluid ADA and CEA are useful for the differential diagnosis of pericardial effusion of various causes. They also have great value in early diagnosis of TP, particularly when the results of other clinical and laboratory tests are negative.
Ticlopidine Pretreatment Before Coronary Stenting Is Associated With Sustained Decrease in Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Steven R. Steinhubl, Stephen G. Ellis, Kathy Wolski, A. Michael Lincoff, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Platelet inhibition at the time of a percutaneous coronary intervention has consistently been shown to decrease the risk of thrombotic adverse events but not restenosis. The role of enhanced antiplatelet protection through pretreatment with the platelet ADP-receptor antagonist ticlopidine in preventing both the early and late complications of coronary stenting has not previously been explored. Methods and Results —In the Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for Stenting (EPISTENT) trial, ≈1600 patients were randomized to stenting with either placebo or abciximab in addition to aspirin and heparin. All stented patients also received ticlopidine after the procedure, but 58% of these patients were given ticlopidine before stenting at the discretion of the investigating physician. Among patients randomized to placebo, ticlopidine pretreatment was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.98; P =0.036). Ticlopidine pretreatment did not significantly influence the risk of death or myocardial infarction in patients randomized to abciximab. Controlling for patient characteristics and for the propensity of being on ticlopidine, Cox proportional hazards regression identified ticlopidine pretreatment as an independent predictor of the need for TVR at 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.89; P =0.010) in both placebo-treated and abciximab-treated patients. Conclusions —In the EPISTENT trial, among patients randomized to stenting, starting ticlopidine before the percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of the 12-month composite end point for patients not receiving abciximab and the need for TVR among all patients.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Soluble Receptors in Patients With Various Degrees of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Roberto Ferrari, Tiziana Bachetti, Roberta Confortini, Cristina Opasich, Oreste Febo, Angelo Corti, Giovanni Cassani, Odoardo Visioli
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) increases in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and cachexia. Two naturally occurring modulators of TNF-alpha activity have been identified in human serum. These two soluble proteins are the extracellular domains of the TNF receptors (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII, respectively). The determination of circulating sTNF-Rs could provide us with some additional information about the activation of this cytokine in CHF.This study was undertaken to examine the concentration of sTNF-Rs and of bioactive and antigenic TNF-alpha in 37 consecutive patients with various degrees of CHF compared with that of 26 age-matched healthy subjects. Antigenic TNF-alpha increased (from 14.3 +/- 7.08 to 33.5 +/- 13.1 pg/mL, P < .001) in preterminal patients with severe CHF (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class IV). In these patients, sTNF-Rs were also increased (sTNF-RI from 1.17 +/- 0.43 to 4.43 +/- 2.14 ng/mL and sTNF-RII from 2.2 +/- 0.44 to 7.55 +/- 2.28 ng/mL, P < .001). When measured by cytolytic bioassay, TNF-alpha was undetectable (< 100 pg/mL). Addition of 625 pg/mL recombinant human TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha), corresponding in the bioassay to 60% of the lethal dose, to the serum of healthy subjects resulted in a significant increase of the expected cytotoxicity (from 625 to 1290 +/- 411 pg/mL, P < .001). Addition of the same dose of rhTNF-alpha to the serum of patients with mild to moderate CHF (NYHA classes II and III) increased the cytotoxicity from 625 to 877 +/- 132 pg/mL, P < .001. In 4 patients with severe CHF (class IV), the expected cytotoxicity was completely inhibited, whereas it was reduced from 625 to 263 +/- 198 pg/mL, P < .001, in the remaining 8 patients. Ten patients died within 1 month of entry into the study. They had the highest level of sTNF-RII (8.18 +/- 1.92 ng/mL). sTNF-RII was a more powerful independent indicator of mortality than TNF-alpha, sTNF-RI, NYHA class, norepinephrine, and atrial natriuretic peptide.Measurement of sTNF-Rs, in addition to antigenic and bioactive TNF-alpha, is essential for evaluation of the activation of this cytokine in CHF. Both sTNF-Rs increase in preterminal patients with severe CHF and might inhibit the in vitro cytotoxicity of TNF-alpha. Antigenic TNF-alpha also increases in severe CHF. The increased levels of sTNF-RII independently correlate with poor short-term prognosis.
TCT-542 Laser Atherectomy for Treatment of Femoropoliteal In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Ehrin J. Armstrong, Kundai Tanganyika, Gagan D. Singh, Bejan Alvandi, Walid Sherif, Khung Keong Yeo, John R. Laird
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
OXYGEN-STABLE HEMOLYSINS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Isaac Ginsburg, T. N. Harris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The oxygen-stable streptococcal hemolysins, which can be induced by a number of diverse substances, have been studied. Differences among these hemolysins have been found in electrophoresis, chromatography, pH stability, and susceptibility to some organic solvents and to an enzyme, RNAase. These properties have in each case been found to characterize the inducing substances as well. In a number of instances it has been found possible to incubate one inducer with the hemolysin induced by another of these agents and then, after appropriate fractionation, to find hemolytic activity in the fraction containing the fresh inducer. These observations suggest that the oxygen-stable streptococcal hemolysins are constituted as carrier-hemolysin complexes, the carriers being the set of molecular species effective as inducers, and the prosthetic group being transferred from one carrier to another under appropriate conditions. After transfer of the hemolytic moiety from a hemolysin molecule which is susceptible to inactivation by a given agent or set of conditions to a carrier which is not itself significantly affected by this agent, the new, derived, hemolysin has been found not to be inactivated by the agent. The hemolysins of this group can thus be inactivated by enzymatic attack on the prosthetic group, or by hydrolysis or deformation of the postulated carrier molecule.
Potentially carcinogenic species emitted to the atmosphere by fossil-fueled power plants.
Authors: D F Natusch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The identities and physicochemical characteristics of potentially carcinogenic species emitted to the atmosphere by fossil-fueled power plants are presented and discussed. It is pointed out that many so-called carcinogens are preferentially concentrated on the surface of respirable fly ash particles thus enabling them to come into intimate contact with lung tissues when inhaled. Relatively little information is available about the identities of particulate polycyclic organic compounds whose emission from coal fired power plants may well be substantially greater than hitherto supposed. The importance of chemical changes, which several species may undergo following emission (but prior to inhalation) in determining their potential carcinogenic impact, is stressed.
Pulmonary embolism from a femoral bypass.
Authors: A Meyrier, V Scetbon, J D Fieux
Journal: BMJ (1973)

tice of 5,400 patients 66 strains of Staph.aureus were isolated.Of these, 36% were sensitive to penicillin, 71% sensitive to tetra- cycline, and 94% sensitive to erythromycin.Gram-negative pathogens were rarely isolated from such lesions.A study of strains of Escherichia coli causing urinary infection' over a five-year period (total num- ber of isolates 225) showed that in 1968, 99% were sensitive to ampicillin and 90% to sulphonamide, whereas in 1972, 66% were sensitive to ampicillin and 44% to sulphonamide.It is likely that the emergence of these resistant organisms is associated with a standard antibiotic prescribing policy in the practice, since 1967, of penicillin for skin and upper respiratory tract infections and of sulphonamide or ampicillin for urinary infections.The acquisition of resistance by conmnon bacterial pathogens to frequently used antibioti9s seems to be alnost as great a problem in our general practice as in Dr. Whitehead's hospital population.-Weare, etc., B.
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Drusen in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Giovanni Gregori, Fenghua Wang, Philip J. Rosenfeld, Zohar Yehoshua, Ninel Z. Gregori, Brandon J. Lujan, Carmen A. Puliafito, William J. Feuer
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Rare Complications With Intravenous Hyperosmotic Alimentation
Authors: Walter J. Wyrick, William J. Rea, Robert N. McClelland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

More than 100 patients at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Hospitals have been treated by intravenous hyperosmotic alimentation as described recently by Dudrick et al. One patient had an acute hypersensitivity reaction and another patient had a hyperosmotic coma resulting from the hyperalimentation solution.
Effect of Tricyclics
Authors: Arthur Bobruff
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was struck by the simultaneous appearance of the comments in the LETTER section (243:1133, 1980) regarding the use of tricyclic antidepressants for chronic pain and the article on "Depression Masquerading as Diabetic Neuropathy," (243:1147, 1980) by Roger W. Turkington, MD. In the article I was tremendously impressed that all patients studied with diabetes and leg pain were found in interviews to be depressed before treatment, that a relatively low dosage of tricyclic antidepressants (100 mg at bedtime of amitriptyline hydrochloride or imipramine hydrochloride) was 100% effective (higher dosages are estimated to be effective at approximagely 70% to 80% ), that no patients receiving the tricyclic drug therapy complained of constipation or dizziness, and that there was so little placebo effect from diazepam in a group of depressed patients. It is also unusual that patients would respond within three days, that sleeping patterns would take three weeks to return
Predominant expression of circulating CD3+ lymphocytes bearing gamma T cell receptor in a prolonged immunodeficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: E Vilmer, P Guglielmi, V David, G Leca, C Rabian, L Degos, M Boiron, A Bensussan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The cell surface expression of alpha:beta heterodimer was studied using WT31 monoclonal antibody, in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a patient who developed a prolonged immunodeficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This patient, grafted for chronic myelogenous leukemia, received T cell depleted bone marrow from her HLA, A, B, D matched sibling. The late occurrence of opportunistic infection, led us to analyze the phenotype of patient PBL. 70% of PBL were CD3+ and 29% WT31+, indicating that the majority of CD3+ PBL did not express the alpha:beta heterodimer. Transcription of the genes encoding the alpha, beta, and gamma chains was assessed in cell lines derived from PBL, by Northern blot analysis. We showed that the CD3+ WT31- subset expressed a truncated, beta mRNA (1.0 kb) and also truncated alpha transcript (1.4 kb). To determine the CD3-associated structure on CD3+ WT31- cell line, immunoprecipitation assays were performed using monoclonal anti-CD3 and an hetero antiserum against gamma peptides. These CD3+ WT31- cells expressed a disulfide linked dimer, composed of products of gamma gene (37 kD, 40 kD) and of undefined delta chain (45 kD). Functional analyses were performed in PBL before and after sorting with WT31 and anti-CD3 antibody. These circulating CD3+ WT31- cells were unable to proliferate when triggered with anti-T3 beads and they seemed to mediate a suppressor activity on CD3+ WT31+ cells.
Delayed intestinal visualization at hepatobiliary scintigraphy is associated with response to long-term treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease
Authors: Carla Colombo, Andrea Crosignani, Pier Maria Battezzati, Maria Rita Castellani, Stefania Comi, Maria Luisa Melzi, Annamaria Giunta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Raising the Bar for Levees
Authors: Tim Lougheed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Engineers have worked for millennia to control natural flooding through dams and levees. While the fundamental principles and challenges of holding back water have not changed, the tools brought to the task continue to evolve. Among other tools being tested and implemented today are elaborate sensors to detect stresses and strains within structures, and impermeable lining materials known as geomembranes, which are laid underneath the structure before it is built to prevent water seepage.
Research on the Fetus
Authors: John H. Tanton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs. Dykes and Czapek's cogent observations deserve broad support from the medical community. Certainly, we should learn as much as possible from such investigations. I was struck by the similarity of position of those who oppose abortus research, and the antivivisectionists. Both groups oppose the experimentation, but are more than willing to utilize the benefits that flow from it. As the authors point out, you can't have it both ways. I join the authors in hoping that the opponents of such research can redirect their energies toward some of mankind's more pressing problems.
Results and follow-up after percutaneous pulsed laser-assisted balloon angioplasty guided by spectroscopy.
Authors: H J Geschwind, E Aptecar, G Boussignac, J L Dubois-Randé, R Zelinsky, G Poirot, T Tomaru
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Few data are available on the long-term outcome of patients who undergo laser-assisted balloon angioplasty for recanalization of occluded peripheral arteries. Because the cost of laser angioplasty is high, the value of the method should be carefully analyzed before it can be considered a routine method for recanalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early and late results of laser-assisted balloon angioplasty in patients who could not be recanalized by conventional techniques.Laser angioplasty was performed in 66 patients with total occlusion of the iliofemoral artery in whom mechanical techniques failed to recanalize the obstructed vessel. The system consisted of a pulsed dye laser operated at 480 nm, 2 microseconds/pulse, 5 Hz, 50 mJ/pulse coupled into a 0.021-in. laser catheter. The treatment laser was connected with a diagnostic laser to induce tissue fluorescence for spectroscopic analysis via the same fiber. The treatment laser was emitted only when atheromatous tissue was recognized. After a pilot hole was created by laser emission, dilatation was performed to enlarge the channel. The mean length of occlusion was 8.8 +/- 6.1 cm. The primary success rate was 82%. It did not depend on the length of occlusion but was greater in non-calcified than in calcified lesions (88% versus 71%, p less than 0.03). Complications included seven early reocclusions that could be recanalized and eight perforations without clinical sequelae. At a mean 18-month follow-up, 64% of the laser-treated arteries remained patent. The rate of patency was related neither to the length of the occlusion nor to calcifications but was lower in patients who had early reocclusion (p less than 0.02).Pulsed dye laser-assisted balloon angioplasty is effective for recanalization of totally occluded arteries that cannot be treated by conventional means. The efficacy is limited by calcifications. The long-term patency rate is acceptable given the severity of the lesions.
Papanicolaou Testing-Reply
Authors: Roland Bergström
Journal: JAMA (1985)

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430 INITIAL PK/PD ANALYSIS OF HIGH-DOSE NON-PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA-2B ADMINISTERED BY CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSION TO THERAPY-NAIVE PATIENTS CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1
Authors: E.A. Grovender, J. Lande, S. Mische, B. Van Antwerp
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Atherosclerotic Plaque Macrophage Transcriptional Regulators Are Expressed in Blood and Modulated by Tristetraprolin
Authors: Willmar D. Patino, Ju-Gyeong Kang, Satoaki Matoba, Omar Y. Mian, Bernadette R. Gochuico, Paul M. Hwang
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Circulating monocytes and plaque macrophages mediate inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We purified these cells from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for advanced atherosclerosis and examined their in vivo transcriptomes using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique. We observed striking differences in transcriptional regulators as monocytes transformed into plaque macrophages in contrast to monocytes and lung macrophages from normal subjects. Consistent with its role in moderating inflammation, tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) was among the most highly expressed macrophage transcriptional regulators. Interestingly, the mRNAs of a subset of the macrophage transcriptional regulators specifically interacted with TTP, revealing a network of genes that may be important in controlling macrophage inflammatory activity. Giving functional significance to this interaction, the knockdown of TTP increased both cognate macrophage gene mRNAs and inflammatory tumor necrosis factor protein release. In contrast, transient overexpression of TTP resulted in decreased levels of the same genes supporting its role in regulating macrophage gene expression. Together, our results indicate that the in vivo gene expression analyses of cells involved in pathogenesis can provide biological insights for functional studies with potential clinical implications.