tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular biology's impact on our understanding of aging
Authors: D. M A Mann
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Old age has always been with us.The ancient Egyptians and the author of the 12th chapter of Ecclesiastes were familiar with the common disabilities of later life.Survival into what we still regard as old age was not unusual in classical Greece (table).The average length of human life has increased over the centuries as living conditions have improved and childhood mortality has fallen; the maximum lifespan of our species is determined largely by our genes and will be the same as it ever was.Doctors and philosophers of antiquity commented on age associated illness.Hippocrates noted conditions common in later life, and Aristotle offered a theory of aging based on loss of heat.Two thousand years were to pass before anything better was written on the subject.Francis Bacon proposed a scientific programme of epidemiological investigations into the longevity of people living in different places and under different conditions. 1 He also noted that the pursuit of knowledge depended on "the fresh examination of particulars," advice that underlaid the systematic observation of nature that complemented the active experimentation advocated by his contemporary William Harvey.During the 18th and 19th centuries several physicians wrote specifically about the diseases of later life and their treatment.These included Cheyne 2 and Day 3 in Britain and Rush 4 in the United States.Charcot's lectures on the medicine of old age aroused scientific interest in the field and became available in English translation in 1881. 5 The word "geriatrics" was invented by Ignatz L Nascher, a Vienna-born immigrant to the United States in 1909. 6(It is not clear who is to blame for the barbarous miscoining of "gerontology"-the study of old men-for "geratology"-the study of old age.)Nascher's initiative provided a stimulus for social and biological research on aging, 7 but clinical geriatrics did not flourish in the United States.The American Geriatrics Society was founded in 1942, but as a thriving and influential medical specialty geriatric medicine was essentially a product of the British NHS. Old age in classical Greece
Variability and effects of bronchial colonisation in patients with moderate COPD
Authors: A. Marin, E. Monsó, M. Garcia-Nuñez, J. Sauleda, A. Noguera, J. Pons, A. Agustí, J. Morera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Sputum and lung function were periodically assessed in stable moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatients to determine relationships between bronchial colonisation and inflammation. Relationships between potentially pathogenic microorganism (PPM) typology, bronchial inflammation (neutrophilia, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12) and post-bronchodilator decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) were analysed. PPMs periodically showing the same molecular profile using pulse field gel electrophoresis were considered long-term persistent. Bronchial colonisation was observed in 56 out of 79 follow-up examinations (70.9%) and was mainly due to Haemophilus influenzae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria (n = 47). These PPMs were all related to sputum neutrophilia (p≤0.05, Chi-squared test), and H. influenzae was related to higher levels of IL-1β (p = 0.005) and IL-12 (p = 0.01), with a dose–response relationship (Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.38 for IL-1β (p = 0.001), and of 0.32 for IL-12 (p = 0.006)). Haemophilus parainfluenzae was not associated with an identifiable inflammatory response. Long-term persistence of the same strain was observed in 12 examinations (21.4%), mainly due to P. aeruginosa or enterobacteria. A neutrophilic bronchial inflammatory response was associated with a statistically significant decline in FEV 1 during follow-up (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.07–6.62). A load-related relationship to bronchial inflammation in moderate COPD was observed for colonisation by H. influenzae , but not for colonisation by H. parainfluenzae .
TCT-404 Efficacy and Safety of Total Percutaneous Femoral Closure Following Stent Graft Implantation Using Preclose Technique
Authors: Won Ho Kim, Sanghoon Shin, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Donghoon Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with multiple tumours-evidence for new syndromes in a population-based study
Authors: K. Nielsen, C. Ingvar, A. Masback, J. Westerdahl, A. Borg, T. Sandberg, N. Jonsson, J. Nagel, H. Olsson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

The hypotheses that Swedish patients with four or more primary tumours [including at least one cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM)] harbour an increased number of CDKN2A (formerly p16) germline mutations, and that this group of patients show a predisposition to other tumours, e.g. nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), were studied descriptively. So far the mutation 113insArg explains all CDKN2A-associated CMM in ethnic Swedes.All patients with four or more primary tumours, of which at least one was a CMM, from the Southern Swedish Regional Tumour Registry, between 1958 and 1999, were included in this study.Forty-four patients were found and subdivided into three groups according to having multiple CMM (group A) or single CMM +/- NMSC (groups B and C). Screening for the presence of the Swedish founder mutation 113insArg in blood or in tissue blocks was performed.Patients in group A were younger at the time of the first CMM diagnosis than patients in group B and group C. The 113insArg mutation was found in four of 44 patients (9%), three with multiple CMM. In group C (n = 14) no founder mutation was evident, while in group B (n = 15) one mutation carrier was found. Nonmutation carriers with multiple CMM (group A) also had a predilection for meningiomas and neurinomas (four patients) or multiple NMSC (three patients). In group B CMM were especially associated with adenocarcinomas but in group C CMM were associated with multiple NMSC.The association between meningiomas and neurinomas (no acoustic neurinoma was seen) might indicate a new syndrome. Patients in groups B and C may harbour unknown genetic defects, which could interact with different environmental risk factors.
Differential distribution of CCDC26 glioma-risk alleles in myeloid malignancies with mutant IDH1 compared with their IDH2R140-mutated or IDH-unmutated counterparts
Authors: T L Lasho, A Tefferi, A Pardanani, C M Finke, S R Fink, A A Caron, P A Decker, R B Jenkins
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
China's HIV/AIDS epidemic is sharply on the rise
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

China's HIV/AIDS epidemic is threatening to grow out of control unless concerted efforts are made to stop its spread, a report by China and United Nations' agencies warns. “Make no mistake—China's AIDS epidemic is growing,” said Henk Bekedam, the World Health Organization's representative in China.

“We fear the number of new infections this year to be even higher, and this trend to continue in the future,” said Dr Bekedam. There were an estimated 70 000 new HIV infections in 2005, of which 49.8% were due to sexual transmission, 48.6% to injected drug use, and 1.6% …
Abstract 176: Kinase activity of tumor-derived exosomes as a potential biomarker for response to treatment
Authors: Johannes C. van der Mijn, Connie R. Jimenez, Sander R. Piersma, Henk Dekker, Mariette Labots, Lisette M. Schutte, Egbert F. Smit, Henk J. Broxterman, Bakhous Tannous, Tom Wurdinger, Henk M.W. Verheul
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles secreted by tumor cells after fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane that reflect tumor cell biology. Exosomes contain distinct classes of molecules including mRNA, miRNA and proteins. Because they can be isolated from blood they are promising candidate biomarkers. Diagnostic biomarkers for selection of patients for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are urgently warranted. We hypothesize that exosomes contain tumor derived kinases that may serve as biomarkers for treatment with kinase inhibitors. Methods The U87 glioma cell line with or without EGFRvIII (U87ΔEGFR) was used as an in vitro model in this study. Cell viability was studied with the MTT-assay. Exosomes were isolated from 32h conditioned media either serum-free or containing 10% exosome-deprived serum and from 5-9mL of fresh human serum from 3 cancer patients. The isolation procedure consisted of subsequent centrifugation at 500G, 2000G, 10.000G and 100.000G. The exosome pellet was treated with proteases for 1h at 37°C to digest soluble proteins, washed in PBS and lysed. Western blots for phospho-EGFR (y1068), EGFR, phospho-AKT, AKT, phospho-ERK, ERK, Alpha-Tubulin and exosome markers CD63, ALIX and CD81 were performed. Results The sensitivity of U87ΔEGFR to erlotinib (ERL) was significantly higher compared to parental U87 cells with IC50s of 1µM and 5.4µM (p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. Treatment with 1 μM ERL resulted in reduced phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT and ERK in U87ΔEGFR, but not in U87 cells. The overexpression of constitutively active EGFRvIII mutant increased the phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream AKT and ERK in cells as well as in exosomes. Trypsin treatment only affected membrane proteins, where AKT and ERK levels were not altered. Exosomes from U87ΔEGFR cells treated with 0, 1 and 10µM ERL reflected the phosphorylation patterns of the cells with dose-dependent effects on AKT and ERK. Phosphorylated AKT and ERK could also be detected in exosomes from the cancer patients. Conclusion We here show that kinase activity and treatment response are reflected by exosomes derived from tumor cells in vitro. In addition we found that phosphorylated proteins can be detected in exosomes derived from blood of patients with cancer. Our aim is to further develop exosomal kinase activity analysis as an early biomarker for treatment response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 176. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-176
IgE Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibodies In Older Asthmatic Children
Authors: Mira Mandal, Rauno O. Joks, Kevin Norowitz, Diana Weaver, Helen G. Durkin, Martin H. Bluth, Stephan Kohlhoff, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Extrahepatic peribiliary glands express α-amylase isozymes, trypsin and pancreatic lipase: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Tadashi Terada, Tetsuji Kida, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We examined expression of alpha-amylase isozymes (pancreatic and salivary), trypsin and pancreatic lipase on the epithelium of extrahepatic peribiliary glands immunohistochemically using 53 autopsied normal extrahepatic bile ducts. Three parts of the extrahepatic bile duct (common bile duct, intrapancreatic bile duct and bile duct at the ampulla of Vater) were examined in each case. Histologically, the extrahepatic bile duct harbored branched tubular glands (extrahepatic peribiliary glands). Extrahepatic peribiliary glands were few in the common bile duct and intrapancreatic bile duct and numerous in the bile duct at the ampulla of Vater. Immunohistochemically, pancreatic alpha-amylase was expressed in the epithelium of extrahepatic peribiliary glands in 42 cases (79%). Salivary alpha-amylase was expressed in the epithelium of the glands in 38 cases (72%). Trypsin was expressed in the epithelium of the glands in 32 cases (60%). Pancreatic lipase was expressed in the epithelium of the glands in 45 cases (85%). The immunoreactivity of these enzymes was granular and located in the supranuclear cytoplasm (corresponding to the Golgi apparatus) of the epithelium of the glands. We confirmed the specificity of the immunoreactivity of these enzymes with various methods. These results suggest that extrahepatic peribiliary glands produce alpha-amylase isozymes, trypsin and pancreatic lipase and secrete these enzymes into lumens of the extrahepatic bile duct. The secreted enzymes may play an important role in the physiology of the extrahepatic bile duct and bile.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Studies on possible chemotactic factors involved in the formation of pustules
Authors: H. TAKEMATSU, H. TAGAMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is a dermatosis of unknown aetiology, characterized by repeated development of pruritic follicular papulopustules with a tendency to form an annular configuration on the face and other seborrhoeic areas, and by palmoplantar pustular lesions in one‐fifth of the patients. Both types of lesions are infiltrated mainly by eosinophils with some polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying pustule formation, we studied the chemotactic activity for leukocytes of the skin surface lipids (SSL) obtained from seborrhoeic areas. No specific chemotactic activity was detectable in stored SSL from patients with EPF. However, fresh SSL collected from the seborrhoeic areas of normal adults contained chemotactic substances for eosinophils and PMN which were labile on storage in air. In stratum corneum extracts from palmoplantar lesions of patients with EPF we demonstrated the presence of a 13000 molecular weight chemoattractant factor for PMN, the activity of which was partially inhibited by antiserum against C5a, and a low molecular weight lipid‐soluble chemotactic factor for eosinophils, the activity of which was also lost on storage in air. Our findings suggest that these chemotactic factors play a role in the production of the characteristic pustular lesions of EPF.
India hit by contaminated blood scandal
Authors: M. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Dr. Avinash Shejale was transferred October 1994 from a government hospital in India to be the medical director of the Red Cross blood bank in Bombay.  Finding the banks techniques of blood collection storage inventory control and processing to be far from satisfactory Dr. Shejale communicated his concerns in writing in early 1995 to the chairman of the Blood Transfusion Service of the Indian Red Cross Society in Bombay.  Dr. Shejale then in July 1995 complained to government authorities that Red Cross staff had supplied fifteen 300 ml bottles of blood known to be contaminated with HIV to city hospitals between February 1992 and July 1994.  ELISA equipment at the blood bank was not functional during that period.  Dr. Shejale who told government investigators that he has evidence that several hundred bottles of blood of unknown HIV contamination status remain unaccounted for in the blood banks records was fired by local Red Cross management one day after the domestic press broke the news.  The Food and Drug Administration in Bombay is now investigating the affair to identify procedural and administrative lapses which led to the supply of the contaminated blood to hospitals.  The agency has withdrawn the Red Cross blood banks license but is allowing it to continue providing transfusions to children with thalassemia registered with the bank.  This Red Cross blood bank used to supply almost 30% of the blood required for transfusions in Bombay.  As for children with thalassemia hospitals in Bombay have reported that as many as 66 of them who regularly receive blood transfusions have become infected with HIV.  It is not yet known however how many of the transfusions came from the Red Cross blood bank.  The Secretary General of the Indian Health Organization a nongovernmental medical agency said that it will soon file public interest litigation to reinstate Dr. Shejale make blood screening procedures more transparent and press health authorities to find and punish the true perpetrators of this crime.  The organization also plans to appeal to patients who may have received blood from the Red Cross blood bank during the 30-month period to get tested for HIV infection and hepatitis B.
From the Office of the General Counsel. Webster v Reproductive Health Services. The AMA Position
Authors: K. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This compact monograph complements an earlier one dealing with hemotherapy of the newborn and premature infant. The bibliographies are very selective and up-to-date and provide the springboard for more in-depth reading of the topics covered. The book is divided into four sections and opens with a discussion of traumatic and surgical blood loss problems. There is a useful table delineating the amount of blood to be ordered for a large variety of surgical procedures, based on children of different sizes. The second section is devoted mainly to children with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. The specific indications in sickle cell disease that require transfusion are thoughtfully reviewed. Included is a discussion of when transfusion has nothing to offer the patient. The complications of chronic transfusion therapy, namely, iron overload and alloimmunization, receive appropriate discussion. The mechanical and logistic problems preventing widespread adoption of "neocyte-transfusion" are succinctly summarized. The third chapter
The Social Face of Economic Growth
Authors: Christina S. Ho, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Commentaries on this month's Cardiovascular Controversy: the merits and demerits of animal experimentation From T J C Ruigrok
Authors: T J C Ruigrok
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Commentaries on this month's Cardiovascular Controversy: the merits and demerits of animal experimentation From T J C Ruigrok Get access T J C Ruigrok T J C Ruigrok Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute, University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Page 1113, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.1113a Published: 01 July 1994
Isoleucine infusion during “simulated” upper gastrointestinal bleeding improves liver and muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Rajiv Jalan, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Cornelis H. C. Dejong, Doris N. Redhead, Paula Hynd, Peter C. Hayes, Peter B. Soeters
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in cirrhotic patients has a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. Postbleeding catabolism has been hypothesized to be partly due to the low biological value of hemoglobin, which lacks the essential amino acid isoleucine. The aims were to study the metabolic consequences of a "simulated" upper GI bleed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and the effects of intravenous infusion of isoleucine. Portal drained viscera, liver, muscle, and kidney protein kinetics were quantified using a multicatheterization technique during routine portography. Sixteen overnight-fasted, metabolically stable patients who received an intragastric infusion of an amino acid solution mimicking hemoglobin every 4 hours were randomized to saline or isoleucine infusion and received a mixture of stable isotopes (L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine, L-[ring-2H4]tyrosine, and L-[ring-2H2]tyrosine) to determine organ protein kinetics. This simulated bleed resulted in hypoisoleucinemia that was attenuated by isoleucine infusion. Isoleucine infusion during the bleed resulted in a positive net balance of phenylalanine across liver and muscle, whereas renal and portal drained viscera protein kinetics were unaffected. In the control group, no significant effect was shown.The present study investigated hepatic and portal drained viscera protein metabolism selectively in humans. The data show that hepatic and muscle protein synthesis is stimulated by improving the amino acid composition of the upper GI bleed by simultaneous intravenous isoleucine administration.
Mixed connective tissue disease characterized by speckled epidermal nuclear IgG deposition in normal skin
Authors: C. B. BENTLEY-PHILLIPS, T. M. S. GEAKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

SUMMARY Four African female patients are described, who presented with the features of systemic sclerosis. Overlapping features of lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis were present in three cases but were not prominent. Direct immunofluorescence of uninvolved skin revealed a particulate (or speckled) epidermal nuclear staining, with specificity for IgG. In view of the reported association between this finding and mixed connective tissue disease, these patients were treated with corticosteroids and marked improvement occurred in all cases. The usefulness of this investigation in making the distinction between systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease and in indicating a potentially effective form of therapy is discussed.