tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Men attending a breast cancer risk evaluation clinic.
Authors: FH Vaz, AS Opinião, PC Rodrigues, PM Machado, S Fragoso, S Santos, J Silva, C Moura, J Oliveira
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1103 Background- Counselling for hereditary breast cancer risk has been mostly directed to women and their female counterparts. However, BRCA1/2 male carriers are at risk for several cancers and their motivation for counselling and follow up is mostly unknown.&amp;#x2028; Material and methods- Review of individual and family records from all male pts counseled in our clinic from Jan2001-Dec2007.&amp;#x2028; Results: eighty one male pts were counseled, 32 previously affected with cancer (mean age 61yrs) and 49 healthy men (mean 41 yrs). Mostly, all affected pts were refered to or invited to as probands for BRCA2 screenning. All but 2 of these accepted screening after counseling, being the concern with their offspring the main motivation for testing. With 3 exceptions all unaffected men were unvited for counselling due to the identification of BRCA2 mutations in their families: 6/49 refused or postponed genetic testing after counselling (mean age 39 yrs). All male BRCA carriers (total of 32) are BRCA2 positive: 12 index probands affected with Breast (10 cases, 3 bilateral) or prostate cancer ( 2 cases) and 20 healthy carriers under increased surveillance (yearly observations at the Breast Clinic + Dermatology and Urology). Psychosocial support is also available but only one male BRCA2 carrier, a prostate cancer survivor with previous depressive symptons, has this support regularly.&amp;#x2028; Male carriers did adhere to increased surveillance and 5 neoplasias were diagnosed in 4 BRCA2 male breast cancer survivors: 3 cases of asymptomatic prostate cancer (Gleasons 9, 7 and 6 respectivly) 1 case of contralateral breast cancer and 1 case of gastric cancer. All 4 pts are alive without evidence of disease, after appropriate treatment. Conclusions: men belonging to BRCA families are at risk for several cancers and seem to adhere to genetic testing and surveillance. Guidelines for hereditary breast cancer management should be comphreensive and include orientations to counsell male individuals at risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1103.
MPs call for far reaching reforms to mental health services
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

MPs have called for far reaching reforms in the provision of mental health services in the NHS in England, including the closure of the three special hospitals for dangerous, mentally ill criminals.

In their report, which runs to nearly 60 recommendations, the members of the health select committee propose replacing Rampton, Ashworth, and Broadmoor with eight smaller, regional based units, which should be fully integrated with existing secure and mental health services.

MPs see this as a long term project and suggest a scheme …
Meat Impaction in the Esophagus Treated by Enzymatic Digestion
Authors: Clifford F. Storey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  In the Sept 29, 1962, issue ofThe Journal( 181 :1143), there appears an article by Dr. Alan S. Robinson titled Meat Impaction in the Esophagus Treated by Enzymatic Digestion.  following sentence appears in Dr. Robinson's article: The only definite contraindication to the use of papain is the presence of a bone spicule in the meat bolus.  only reasonable interpretation of this sentence is that the author means that the presence of a bone spicule which is visible in roentgenograms of the esophagus provides the only definite contraindication to the use of papain. My personal experience with esophageal foreign bodies has convinced me that this is a dangerous teaching. I have cited in my book, Acquired Surgical Lesions  of the Esophagus , Springfield, Ill. (Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1961, p 138), the case of a woman who had a large bolus of meat arrested in the
Reply to AnnaMaria Cianciulli, Roberta Merola and Costantino Leonardo’s Letter to the Editor re: Franclim R. Ribeiro, Rui Henrique, Ana T. Martins, Carmen Jerónimo and Manuel R. Teixeira. Relative Copy Number Gain of MYC in Diagnostic Needle Biopsies is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Prostate Cancer Patients. Eur Urol 2007;52:116–25
Authors: Franclim R. Ribeiro, Manuel R. Teixeira
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Re: Ferdinando Fusco, Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca, Emma Mitidieri, et al. Sildenafil Effect on the Human Bladder Involves the L-cysteine/Hydrogen Sulfide Pathway: A Novel Mechanism of Action of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors. Eur Urol 2012;62:1174–80
Authors: Wouter Everaerts, Thomas Voets, Dirk De Ridder
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of oseltamivir in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, 1999-2012
Authors: K. B. Hoffman, A. Demakas, C. B. Erdman, M. Dimbil, P. M. Doraiswamy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Publications from Roche and a case-control study suggest that there is no evidence, or plausible mechanism of action, to link neuropsychiatric adverse events to Tamiflu (oseltamivir).1 2 Cochrane Collaborators, the BMJ , and others, however, contend that many of Roche’s data remain unavailable.3

We examined neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with oseltamivir in the US FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from October 1999 to August 2012 by using a data mining platform (RxFilterTM; www.AdverseEvents.com4) to generate case report …
Doctors' skills are tested as British casualties in Afghanistan rise
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Last month saw the highest number yet of battle injuries and fatalities among UK forces in Afghanistan, and the number of patients classified as “very seriously injured or wounded” rose sharply. Consequently the skills of doctors are being put to the test, a senior military doctor has admitted.

Figures released by the Ministry of Defence on 30 July showed that 16 people had been reported as seriously injured as a result of battle in the two weeks from 1 July to 15 July alone, whereas the number for the whole of June was 13. Thirteen people were killed in …
Combined Ultrasound and Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Assessment and Management of Hypofunctioning Thyroid Nodule
Authors: PAUL G. WALFISH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

We evaluated the efficacy of combining B-scan bistable and gray-scale ultrasound with needle aspiration cytology in assessing and managing solitary hypofunctioning solid and cystic nodules. Of the 150 cases surveyed, 90 had surgical follow-up histology for comparison to preoperative aspiration cytology results. Overall neoplasm rate in these 90 cases was 66%, increasing to 93% if colloid nodules were included. Adequate material for cytology preoperatively was obtained in 83 (92%). In cases with adequate preoperative needle aspiration cytology, there were 66 solid and 17 cystic or mixed lesions. Overall accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant nodules for solid lesions was 63 of 66 (95%), compared to 15 of 17 (88%) for predominantly cystic or mixed lesions. Of the 17 cases of proven carcinoma, correct preoperative cytology diagnosis for malignancy was obtained in 12 (71%). Malignancy was most often correctly diagnosed for solid papillary and metastatic cancer lesions. No false-positives were noted and atypical adenomas and Hürthle-cell adenomas have been correctly diagnosed. The simplicity and safety of these diagnostic procedures justify their use for "selective" surgery and particularly for those cases that have been initially assigned to conservative, nonsurgical therapy.
Predicted Exposures to Steroid Estrogens in U.K. Rivers Correlate with Widespread Sexual Disruption in Wild Fish Populations
Authors: Susan Jobling, Richard Williams, Andrew Johnson, Ayesha Taylor, Melanie Gross-Sorokin, Monique Nolan, Charles R. Tyler, Ronny van Aerle, Eduarda Santos, Geoff Brighty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Steroidal estrogens, originating principally from human excretion, are likely to play a major role in causing widespread endocrine disruption in wild populations of the roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common cyprinid fish, in rivers contaminated by treated sewage effluents. Given the extent of this problem, risk assessment models are needed to predict the location and severity of endocrine disruption in river catchments and to identify areas where regulation of sewage discharges to remove these contaminants is necessary. In this study we attempted to correlate the extent of endocrine disruption in roach in British rivers, with their predicted exposure to steroid estrogens derived from the human population. The predictions of steroid estrogen exposure at each river site were determined by combining the modeled concentrations of the individual steroid estrogens [17β -estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α -ethinylestradiol (EE2)] in each sewage effluent with their predicted dilution in the immediate receiving water. This model was applied to 45 sites on 39 rivers throughout the United Kingdom. Each site studied was then categorized as either high, medium, or low "risk" on the basis of the assumed additive potency of the three steroid estrogens calculated from data derived from published studies in various cyprinid fish species. We sampled 1,438 wild roach from the predicted high-, medium-, and low-risk river sites and examined them for evidence and severity of endocrine disruption. Both the incidence and the severity of intersex in wild roach were significantly correlated with the predicted concentrations of the natural estrogens (E1 and E2) and the synthetic contraceptive pill estrogen (EE2) present. Predicted steroid estrogen exposure was, however, less well correlated with the plasma vitellogenin concentration measured in the same fish. Moreover, we found no correlation between any of the end points measured in the roach and the proportion of industrial effluents entering the rivers we studied. Overall, our results provide further and substantive evidence to support the hypothesis that steroidal estrogens play a major role in causing intersex in wild freshwater fish in rivers in the United Kingdom and clearly show that the location and severity of these endocrine-disrupting effects can be predicted.
Oxytocin and sexual behaviour
Authors: J Herbert
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Like many other neuropeptides, oxytocin was known until quite recently only as a peripheral hormone, secreted from the pituitary gland. But immunocytochemistry has shown that oxytocin is present in a range of neurones and axons in the brain. These are mostly in the limbic system but also in the brain stem and spinal cord.1 Oxytocin receptors are also present on other neurones.2 Clearly oxytocin must have actions other than the familiar ones of promoting parturition and ejection of milk.

About 10 years ago it was found that infusing oxytocin into the brains of non-pregnant female rats rapidly induced maternal behaviour towards young pups.3 This was striking as treatments that attempted to mimic the supposed endocrine conditions of late pregnancy (treatment with oestrogen and progesterone, sometimes with added prolactin) had proved relatively ineffective. Similar findings have been reported in ewes, which are also hostile to offspring other …
Economic Burden of Psoriasis in the United States
Authors: Elizabeth A. Brezinski, Jaskaran S. Dhillon, April W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

The total cost of psoriasis in the United States is unknown. Defining the US economic burden of psoriasis is needed because it provides the foundation for research, advocacy, and educational efforts.To determine the US economic burden of psoriasis from a societal perspective.PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched between January 1, 2008, and September 20, 2013, for economic investigations on the direct, indirect, intangible, and comorbidity costs of adult psoriasis in the United States. The base year costs were adjusted to 2013 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers and multiplied by the estimated number of US patients with psoriasis in 2013 to determine the 2013 psoriasis cost burden.Among 100 identified articles, 22 studies were included in the systematic review. The direct psoriasis costs ranged from $51.7 billion to $63.2 billion, the indirect costs ranged from $23.9 billion to $35.4 billion, and medical comorbidities were estimated to contribute $36.4 billion annually in 2013 US dollars. Patients with psoriasis would pay a lifetime cost of $11,498 for relief of physical symptoms and emotional health; however, intangible cost data are limited. The annual US cost of psoriasis amounted to approximately $112 billion in 2013.The economic burden of psoriasis is substantial and significant in the United States.
Therapeutically effective antibodies against amyloid-β peptide target amyloid-β residues 4–10 and inhibit cytotoxicity and fibrillogenesis
Authors: J. McLaurin, R. Cecal, M.E. Kierstead, X. Tian, A.L. Phinney, M. Manea, J.E. French, M.H.L. Lambermon, A.A. Darabie, M.E. Brown, C. Janus, M.A. Chishti, P. Horne, D. Westaway, P.E. Fraser, H.T.J. Mount, M. Przybylski, P. St George-Hyslop
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
An Internet Guide for the Health Professional
Authors: Neil Alex
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 July 1997An Internet Guide for the Health ProfessionalNeil Alex, MDNeil Alex, MDKaiser Permanente, San Diego, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00052 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An Internet Guide for the Health Professional2nd edition. Hogarth M, Hutchinson D. 155 pages. Sacramento, CA: New Wind Publishing; 1996. $29.95. ISBN 0965141209. Order phone 916-452-4380.Field of medicine: Medical informatics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical professionals who have had little or no experience with the Internet.Purpose: To 1) provide a readable yet technically accurate introduction to the Internet for the practicing medical professional, 2) show how the Internet can be used for specific clinical applications, and 3) give a structure to the often confusing jumble of sites available for the medical community.Content: Part 1 provides an ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 175KeywordsComputersComputing systemsFearInternetTouch Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopic Management of Huge Bezoars
Authors: Y. G. Wang, U. Seitz, Z. L. Li, N. Soehendra, X. A. Qiao
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

After the first gastroscopic removal of a bezoar by McKechne in 1972, different endoscopic methods have been reported including a water jet, forceps, snare, and basket. Huge and solid bezoars, however, are still a problem. We report on our experience in fragmenting huge, solid bezoars using a modified needle-knife (bezotome) and a modified mechanical lithotriptor (bezotriptor).Over a period of 14 months (October 1994 to December 1995), a total of 15 patients (ten male, five female, median age 41 years) with 17 gastric bezoars and one esophageal bezoar, treated endoscopically, were included in the study. A monopolar diathermy knife with a 15 mm needle (bezotome) was used for trichobezoars. For diospyrobezoars we need a bezotriptor.All 18 bezoars, from 4 x 3 x 3 cm to 10 x 8 x 8 cm in size, were successfully fragmented, ten in one session and eight in two sessions. Complete clearance of the upper digestive tract was achieved at the latest three days after the treatment. There were no complications.Bezotome and bezotriptor are useful endoscopic devices to disintegrate huge, hard bezoars and achieve complete clearance.
Commentary: BRAF inhibitors for metastatic melanoma
Authors: M. Marples
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The pace of change in the melanoma field has accelerated in the past few years. BRAF was identified as a likely oncogene in melanoma in 2002.1 The first RAF inhibitor, sorafenib, had limited efficacy in melanoma, and the chance of benefit appeared to be unrelated to the mutation status of the tumour, raising doubts about the relevance of BRAF mutation.2 However, the development of PLX4032 (now vemurafenib) showed that, even in phase I trials, potent BRAF inhibition was likely to elicit tumour response and prolongation of survival, even in patients with multiple prior treatments for metastatic melanoma.3 Less than 2 years from that initial report, vemurafenib was licensed in the U.S.A. and in Europe for BRAF‐mutant melanoma. The time course of the dabrafenib trial BREAK‐3, reported by Hauschild et al.4 and commented on by van Akkooi and Nijsten, is instructive in this context. BRIM‐3, the phase III trial of vemurafenib, completed recruitment in December 2010, just as BREAK‐3 started to recruit. Notably, during the set‐up phase of BREAK‐3, in October 2010, crossover was permitted in BRIM‐3, which had the effect of diluting the original primary endpoint of overall survival. The decision of the sponsors of BREAK‐3 to opt for a primary endpoint of progression‐free survival (PFS) appeared to be vindicated, as it appeared inhumane to refuse patients randomized to dacarbazine to crossover to dabrafenib on progression, and, as vemurafenib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2011, patients could have withdrawn from the study to go on to an alternative mutant‐BRAF inhibitor.
Doxorubicin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate) copolymer micelles: their pharmaceutical characteristics and biological significance
Authors: Kazunori Kataoka, Tsuyoshi Matsumoto, Masayuki Yokoyama, Teruo Okano, Yasuhisa Sakurai, Shigeto Fukushima, Kazuya Okamoto, Glen S. Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
How Some Hearts Age
Authors: William Dock
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Aging of the heart has not impressed the physician, although the striking anatomic change, brown atrophy, has long been known and recently has been emphasized by quantitative studies.<sup>1</sup>The electron microscope has shown that there are comparable changes in the mitochondria,<sup>2</sup>and the biochemists measure the decline in the enzymes needed to maintain contraction.<sup>3</sup>The nervous elements also atrophy,<sup>4</sup>so that the heart can less effectively mobilize the catecholamines which augment the speed and force of contraction when the circulatory needs are increased by stress. The observations of I. Starr and his disciples on the change in headfoot ballistocardiograms and pulse contours in an aging "normal" population,<sup>5,6</sup>and those of Harrison's group on the motion of the precordium,<sup>7</sup>seem to point to a steady decline in the force of contraction and rise in resistance to diastolic filling, from nonage to nonagenarity. The data on
Lettsomian Lectures on Syphilis as a Cause of Disease of the Nervous System
Authors: W. H. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1874)

once lost is lost irretrievably; and even the more specialised tissues, as muscle and ganglionic nervous matter, are usually replaced by other tissue, not actually restored.These very tissues.it is worth notice, rarely or never appear in new growths.New growth, taken as a whole, has, perhaps, greater possibilities than has the process which constitutes repair-giving rise to more various and more specialised products.On the other hand, the latter process is far more completely subject to the general law of evolution of the whole organism, for the parts reproduced always conform to the size and shape of the whole body; while it is, of
Estimation of ventricular refractoriness in man by the extra stimulus method
Authors: B. OLSSON, L. BRORSON, R. HARPER, L. RYDEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Journal Article Estimation of ventricular refractoriness in man by the extra stimulus method Get access B. OLSSON, B. OLSSON From Department of Cardiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. BRORSON, L. BRORSON From Department of Cardiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. HARPER, R. HARPER 1 From Department of Cardiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden 1Present address: Cardiac Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02114 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. RYDÉN L. RYDÉN From Department of Cardiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 31–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/11.1.31 Published: 01 January 1977
Advantages of health centres
Authors: E. V. Kuenssberg
Journal: BMJ (1967)

LJU"RNAL response to specific therapy, even when large numbers of tablets are consumed.On the other hand, experience of para- cetamol poisoning is very limited, but acute liver necrosis and death feature prominently in recorded cases."Indeed, the manufacturers of one brand of paracetamol, very responsibly, give in their brochure information relating to a 13-year- old girl who died after taking 30 tablets.Post-mortem examination revealed massive diffuse toxic necrosis of the liver.The onset of liver disease in paracetamol poisoning may be delayed several days, and it is possible that survival from serious intoxication may be complicated by residual liver damage.The toxic effect of 50 aspirin tablets, a com- mon overdose, is very much less than those that might arise from ingestion of a similar number of paracetamol tablets.Moreover, there is no adequate therapy for this type of poisoning.Should the advice of your leader be accepted and paracetamol become as readily available as aspirin is at present, a greatly increased incidence of paracetamol over- dosage is inevitable.We consider that the resulting mortality and morbidity would be greater than that from aspirin poisoning, and certainly would not warrant acceptance of the change you have so strongly advocated.-Weare, etc.,
Cause of Death
Authors: Samuel Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Complete and accurate information on death certificates is important for the reasons given in the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Kircher and Anderson.<sup>1</sup>The example cited in case 2 deserves comment, since another scenario can be developed. Sudden death is a well-recognized event in severe aortic stenosis.<sup>2</sup>Could it be that this complication preceded the automobile accident, so that the underlying cause of death was in fact aortic stenosis?