tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Target-specific near-IR induced drug release and photothermal therapy with accumulated Au/Ag hollow nanoshells on pulmonary cancer cell membranes
Authors: Mi Suk Noh, Somin Lee, Homan Kang, Jin-Kyoung Yang, Hyunmi Lee, Doyk Hwang, Jong Woo Lee, Sinyoung Jeong, Yoonjeong Jang, Bong-Hyun Jun, Dae Hong Jeong, Seong Keun Kim, Yoon-Sik Lee, Myung-Haing Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
On the Principles of the Construction of Chambers for Inhalation in Diseases of the Lungs
Authors: A. H. Hassall
Journal: BMJ (1884)

f4 -ZH B1TI&I M1N.8 persons ain mountain-districts' generally.Dr; Hesse has described some cases of this disease, with details of the micrdscopical and other cha'racters of the tumours.If, as I have assumed, malignant tuiniours depend on the presence and development of mlcro-organisuts, .thelow, damp, close, and warm localities are those in which such
Excess Blood-group Substance A in Serum of Patient Dying with Carcinoma of Stomach
Authors: M. Barber, I. Dunsford
Journal: BMJ (1959)

biochemical evidence goes even further in suggesting that there is no difference in the total amounts of blood group substance between all duodenal ulcer patients and controls.It would seem, therefore, that if the association between group 0, non-secretion, and duodenal ulcer is causal (but not due to a pleotropic effect of the genes) the most probable explanation can be found in the differences between the antigenic properties of the A, B, H, and Lewis group-specific substances, and this would imply that there is an immunological factor in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer (see Clarke et al., 1957). ConclusionsGastric and duodenal ulcer in Liverpool behave differently with respect to the frequency of secretion and non-secretion of ABH blood group substances, there being no apparent association between non-secretion and gastric ulcer.The excess of group 0 individuals in a duodenal ulcer series compared with a general population control is as great in the secretor as in the non-secretor patients.Group 0 non-secretors are more than twice as liable to develop duodenal ulcer as secretors of groups A, B, and AB.Evidence is presented that the fucose content of a saliva specimen is a good index of its content of total blood group substances, provided the ABO blood group and ABH secretor status is known.Fucose estimations in saliva specimens indicate that the various types of ABH secretors and non-secretors all secrete about the same total amount of blood group substances.There is little difference between the mean salivary titre of A, B, and H substances of secretors with duodenal ulcer and their unaffected sibs.The mean salivary fucose concentration, and hence the total blood group substance concentration, are the same in duodenal ulcer patients as in controls.These results suggest that the protection enjoyed by ABH secretors is not due to the blood group substances protecting quantitatively.The most probable explanation of the associations found between group 0, non-secretion, and duodenal ulcer is that there is an immunological factor in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.
New center for torture victims seeks to aid the politically abused
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In the midwestern prairie land that offered economic opportunity to oppressed peoples from Northern Europe a century ago, hope of a better life now inspires more than 30,000 recent refugees—most of them from Southeast Asia and a startling number of them survivors of politically motivated torture in their native countries. The Minnesota Center for Torture Victims is being established in the Minneapolis-St Paul area to help these new Americans cope with the aftermath of agony. Only two other such institutions are believed to exist in a world where Amnesty International estimates that more than one third of all national governments are responsible for the torture of political prisoners. The International Rehabilitation and Research Center for Torture Victims opened in Copenhagen in 1982, and the Canadian Center for Investigation and Prevention of Torture started in Toronto in 1983. Minnesota's long tradition of fostering social services and social activism helps account for
Allergenic pollens and pollinosis in Italy: recent advances
Authors: A. C. Negrini, D. Arobba
Journal: Allergy (1992)

The authors have mapped the occurrence of allergenic pollens throughout Italy and defined their most common clinical symptoms. To obtain an accurate aerobiological and clinical picture of such a geographically complex country as Italy, a detailed investigation was carried out involving 80 data‐gathering stations and 40 clinical centers nationwide. Three main pollination periods can be distinguished: winter‐pre‐spring (January to March) for Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Cupressaceae, Salicaceae and Ulmaceae: spring‐summer (April to June) for Gramineae, Urticaceae, Oleaceae, Plantago, Fagaceae, Pinaceae and Polygonaceae , and summer‐autumn (August to September) for Urticaceae, Composilae and Chenopodiaceae. Examination of 49660 patients affected by pollinosis (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, with positive skin tests or IgE‐specific serum determination: RAST, ELISA) throughout Italy revealed sensitivity to Gramineae in 64.6%, to Parietaria in 36.7% to Oka in 15.8%, to Compositae in 13.2%, to Betulaceae‐Corylaceae in 7% and to Fagaceae‐Cupressaceae‐Plantago in 4%–10%; marked regional variations were observed. The patients suffered from rhino‐conjunctivitis (55.7%), rhino‐conjunctivitis plus asthma (31.6%) and asthma (12.7%). In monosensitised individuals, Parietaria was seen to be the main cause of the asthmatic syndrome (though our preliminary data also implicate Olea followed by Grawmeae.
ACHIEVING FIRST DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIMES OF 90 MINUTES FOR TRANSFER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: B. Hadley Wilson, Angela D. Humphrey, Robert H. Haber, John C. Cedarholm, Glen K. Kowalchuk, Michael J. Rinaldi, William E. Downey, Kevin M. Collier, Patricia M. Pye, Denise A. Miller, Jennifer L. Sarafin, Tom Blackwell, J. Lee Garvey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Induction of myeloproliferative disorder and myelofibrosis by thrombopoietin receptor W515 mutants is mediated by cytosolic tyrosine 112 of the receptor
Authors: Christian Pecquet, Judith Staerk, Ronan Chaligné, Valerie Goss, Kimberly A. Lee, Xiaowu Zhang, John Rush, Joanne Van Hees, Hélène A. Poirel, Jean-Marie Scheiff, William Vainchenker, Stéphane Giraudier, Roberto D. Polakiewicz, Stefan N. Constantinescu
Journal: Blood (2009)
Clinical manifestations of the anti-phospholipid syndrome as defined by the updated Sapporo classification criteria
Authors: J. Drijkoningen, J. Damoiseaux, P. van Paassen, J. W. C. Tervaert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss accompanied by the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLA).1 2 Anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies require a protein cofactor, β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1) or prothrombin, for proper binding.3–5 Patients may also present with antibodies to β2-GP1, but not LA or aCLA. Originally, they were classified as having the anti-phospholipid/cofactor syndrome,6 7 but recently the Sapporo classification criteria have been updated by including the β2-GP1-antibodies.8

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical manifestations of APS in 105 consecutive patients that presented with the suspicion of APS and/or …
Abstract 4337: Interactions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems in neuroblastoma: New insight into mechanisms of BDNF's pro-survival effects
Authors: Magdalena K. Czarnecka, Anna Kuan-Celarier, Congyi Lu, Lindsay Everhart, Joanna Kitlinska
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BDNF is a known survival factor for neuroblastomas (NB) and is implicated in the development of their chemoresistance. NPY, on the other hand, is a sympathetic neurotransmitter, which is highly released from NB tumors. The elevated NPY levels in NB patients are associated with poor clinical outcome, which is in agreement with its Y2 receptor (Y2R)-mediated proliferative effects on NB cells and pro-angiogenic activities. In normal sympathetic neurons, BDNF has been shown to up-regulate NPY expression, while NPY itself has been implicated in promoting their survival. Therefore, we sought to determine if similar interactions between BDNF and NPY systems occur in NB cells. We have found that BDNF up-regulates expression of both NPY and its Y2Rs in native NB cells, as well as SH-SY5Y cells transfected with BDNF receptor – TrkB (SH-SY5Y/TrkB). However, even more dramatically, BDNF induces expression of another NPY receptor – Y5R, which is not detectable in most NB cell lines under basal conditions. In agreement with this, expression of Y5Rs correlated with TrkB and BDNF expression in human NB samples. In addition, Y5R seems to be directly involved in BDNF signaling. In SH-SY5Y/TrkB cells, BDNF-induced activation of p44/42 MAPK is significantly reduced by selective Y5R antagonist, CGP 71683, but not by Y2R antagonist, BIIE 0246. Interestingly, the Y5R antagonist had no effect on Akt activation stimulated by BDNF. Thus, these data suggest specific cross-talk between TrkB and Y5R signaling leading to activation of p44/42 MAPK pathway. Since BDNF is a known survival factor for NB cells, we sought to determine if pro-survival activity of BDNF is mediated by NPY. Chemotherapy was found to up-regulate the expression of both BDNF and NPY systems. This was further supported by elevated expression of NPY and its Y5Rs in cells derived from a chemotherapy-treated patient (CHLA-20, SMS-KANR) as compared to cells derived from primary tumors of the same patient (CHLA-15, SMS-KAN). In the functional studies, NPY mimicked the anti-apoptotic effect of BDNF in chemotherapy-treated NB cells. Moreover, as observed with MAPK activation, blocking Y5Rs, but not Y2Rs, reduced the pro-survival activity of BDNF in these cells. In summary, while Y2R is the main NPY R constitutively expressed in NBs and responsible for its proliferative effect, expression of Y5R is induced by BDNF and chemotherapy, subsequently enhancing the pro-survival functions of NPY. These anti-apoptotic actions of NPY can additionally augment the known direct survival effects of BDNF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4337. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4337
Looking beyond "the house of care" for long term conditions
Authors: G. Watt
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Some patients are at risk of being left outside

Spike Milligan once described the invention of a machine that did the work of two men. Unfortunately, it took three men to work it.1 As populations age, multimorbidity accrues, budgets tighten, and inequalities in health widen; patients, practitioners, and health systems cannot afford multiple services that provide fragmented care. We shall need machines that do the work of two people but need only one person to work them.

With its intrinsic features of contact, coverage, continuity, flexibility, cumulative knowledge, and trust, general practice has the potential to deal with this challenge. It is the natural hub of local health systems, providing unconditional personalised continuity of care for all patients, whatever combinations of problems they have. But practices cannot do this on their own; they need a host of effective partnerships—with patients, other services, NHS managers, and community resources.2

In England, the “house of care” has been adopted as a central metaphor in plans for improving care for people with long term conditions.3 The house of …
Lung Cancer Staging With Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Techniques—Reply
Authors: Michael B. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dietary Fat Alters Body Composition, Mammary Development, and Cytochrome P450 Induction after Maternal TCDD Exposure in DBA/2J Mice with Low-Responsive Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors
Authors: Michele La Merrill, Bittu S. Kuruvilla, Daniel Pomp, Linda S. Birnbaum, David W. Threadgill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Increased fat intake is associated with obesity and may make obese individuals uniquely susceptible to the effects of lipophilic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands.We investigated the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) and AHR ligands on body composition, mammary development, and hepatic P450 expression.Pregnant C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) dams, respectively expressing high- or low-responsive AHR, were dosed at mid-gestation with TCDD. At parturition, mice were placed on an HFD or a low-fat diet (LFD). Body fat of progeny was measured before dosing with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Fasting blood glucose was measured, and liver and mammary glands were analyzed.Maternal TCDD exposure resulted in reduced litter size in D2 mice and, on HFD, reduced postpartum survival in B6 mice. In D2 mice, HFD increased body mass and fat in off-spring, induced precocious mammary gland development, and increased AHR expression compared with mice given an LFD. Maternal TCDD exposure increased hepatic Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression in offspring on both diets, but DMBA depressed Cyp1b1 expression only in mice fed an HFD. In D2 progeny, TCDD exposure decreased mammary terminal end bud size, and DMBA exposure decreased the number of terminal end buds. Only in D2 progeny fed HFD did perinatal TCDD increase blood glucose and the size of mammary fat pads, while decreasing both branch elongation and the number of terminal end buds.We conclude that despite having a low-responsive AHR, D2 progeny fed a diet similar to that consumed by most people are susceptible to TCDD and DMBA exposure effects blood glucose levels, mammary differentiation, and hepatic Cyp1 expression.
Unusually high evolutionary rate of the elongation factor 1 alpha genes from the Ciliophora and its impact on the phylogeny of eukaryotes
Authors: D. Moreira, H. Le Guyader, H. Philippe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) has become widely employed as a phylogenetic marker for studying eukaryotic evolution. However, a disturbing problem, the artifactual polyphyly of ciliates, is always observed. It has been suggested that the addition of new sequences will help to circumvent this problem. Thus, we have determined 15 new ciliate EF-1 alpha sequences, providing for a more comprehensive taxonomic sampling of this phylum. These sequences have been analyzed together with a representation of eukaryotic sequences using distance-, parsimony-, and likelihood-based phylogenetic methods. Such analyses again failed to recover the monophyly of Ciliophora. A study of the substitution rate showed that ciliate EF-1 alpha genes exhibit a high evolutionary rate, produced in part by an increased number of variable positions. This acceleration could be related to alterations of the accessory functions acquired by this protein, likely to those involving interactions with the cytoskeleton, which is very modified in the Ciliophora. The high evolutionary rate of these sequences leads to an artificial basal emergence of some ciliates in the eukaryotic tree by effecting a long-branch attraction artifact that produces an asymmetric topology for the basal region of the tree. The use of a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic method (which is less sensitive to long-branch attraction) and the addition of sequences to break long branches allow retrieval of more symmetric topologies, which suggests that the asymmetric part of the tree is most likely artifactual. Therefore, the sole reliable part of the tree appears to correspond to the apical symmetric region. These kinds of observations suggest that the general eukaryotic evolution might have consisted of a massive radiation followed by an increase in the evolutionary rates of certain groups that emerge artificially as early branches in the asymmetric base of the tree. Ciliates in the case of the EF-1 alpha genes would offer clear evidence for this hypothesis.
Obstructive Syphilitic Esophagitis
Authors: John Stone
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SYPHILIS involving the esophagus has been reported infrequently. Hudson and Head 1 state that prior to 1950 there were but 75 listed cases. In the last decade there have been only 3 reports in the world literature. 2-4 In view of the recent increase in venereal diseases, attention should be directed again to the clinical problems which might be anticipated.  Report of a Case  A 65-year-old male was referred to the Otolaryngology Clinic because of inability to swallow solid food for 4 months. There had been no accompanying pain, nausea, emesis, regurgitation, or cough. He had lost 45 lb. during this period.  Physical examination revealed an emaciated male. The blood and spinal fluid Wasserman tests were very strongly positive. Barium studies of the esophagus revealed a filling defect about 4 cm. in length at the aortic arch level.  On esophagoscopic examination the mucosa was normal to a distance of
Implications for the role of cognate interactions in in vitro human B cell activation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and pokeweed mitogen.
Authors: N Suzuki, T Sakane, Y Ueda, Y Murakawa, T Tsunematsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human B cell-triggering mechanisms were investigated using the polyclonal activators Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When the cultures of B cells, T cells, and monocytes were stimulated for 5 d by SAC or PWM, B cells could be activated by both mitogens to proliferate and secrete Ig. Even when T cells were substituted by T cell-derived soluble factors, SAC-stimulated B cells could differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. In contrast, interactions of B and T cells for at least the first 6 h of culture were necessary for the B cell triggering by PWM. Experiments that allow a more precise delineation of the B cell-triggering mechanisms by PWM demonstrated that interactions of B cells with T4+ but not T8+ cells are required for the B cell triggering; anti-Ia or anti-T4 antibody can block this triggering; in contrast, anti-T3 or anti-T8 antibody do not exert any effects on the B cell triggering. However, all these monoclonal antibodies could not modulate the ability of B cells that had been already activated by PWM to respond to T cell-derived factors. These data suggest that SAC can directly activate B cells, while cognate interactions between Ia-like antigens on B cells and T4+ cells are essential for B cell triggering by PWM. Furthermore, once B cells are triggered, they will proliferate, differentiate, and secrete Ig in response to T cell-derived factors; Ia-like antigens or T cell differentiation antigens may not be involved in the processes in this cascade.
Longer term geriatric hospitals
Authors: N. Coni
Journal: BMJ (1985)

authors in proposing trials of adjunctive chemo- therapy after radical hysterectomy in patients at risk of recurrence but must emphasise that the reported efficacy of drug combinations applies only at present to squamous disease.Alberts et al, using cisplatin, vincristine, mito- mycin, and bleomycin showed significant long term responsiveness of recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.'Personal experience in their department (AC) and in Ireland using this combination, particularly in unirradiated tissues, confirms these and other reported response rates.A prospective randomised clinical trial is under way under the auspices of the Irish Gynaecological Oncology Group using this combination after radical hysterectomy for stage lb squamous carcinoma of the cervix with associated risk factors for recurrence.This brings us to suggest the hitherto-unthink- able.Given those at high risk of residual disease after radical hysterectomy and the increasingly effective chemotherapy regimens, how do we assess the status of the patient after adjunctive chemotherapy?Are we approaching the concept of secondary exploratory laparotomy subsequent to postoperative chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix?
HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease — Is There Really a Link?
Authors: Peter Sklar, Henry Masur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Soon after the introduction of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, clinicians observed unexpected cardiovascular events among patients receiving these new, combination, "highly active" antiretroviral regimens. Angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke were seen in patients who were relatively young. Providers became suspicious that these events were related either to chronic HIV infection, since patients were surviving for longer periods than they had in the past, or to the new anti-HIV regimens, which are associated with substantial metabolic abnormalities.Between 1998 and 2003, several reports appeared to validate clinicians' concerns. The French . . .