tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of incentive marks in women's sports participation
Authors: P B Nandurkar, P P Nandurkar, H J Petkar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

In our Pride India, percentage ratio of men and women is 52.48 and percentage ratio for the literacy among the men and women is 70 and 48, respectively. Woman play vital role in development of India. Hence she should get the representation in all area like education, employment and sports. But even after the 62 years of the independence, women are still deprived in this male dominant culture and her participation is very negligible in sports. Even considering the ratio of men and women at Olympic it is 58:42. Also the numbers of games which are dedicated to men is more that the games that has been played by women. Even at local level like school level or intercollegiate level, women's participation in sports is very less as compare to men. The reasons for this less participation could be (1) less % of literacy, (2) male dominant culture, (3) family and social level abstraction, (4) less availability of women coach, (5) no independent games facilities for women, (6) child marriage, (7) low health conscience, (8) more emphasis on study, (9) cut through competition in education, (10) more emphasis on tuition classes, (11) less importance to sports at society level, (12) lack of government plans for sports person and (13) lack of incentive marks. It has been observed constantly that instead of overall development of students, parents are after the merit and percentage of their child. Now it is necessary to inculcate the feeling that the sport is also a part of education and plays vital role in life of individual. Especially for 10th class percentage, parents start the tuition classes from 9th class, from 9th to 12th std, the students become completely busy in tuition as well as in study, at the age of 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th and these students remain physically unfit due to lack of participation in sports. Even in girl students, the attraction towards the games and sports would be decreased due to this academic competitive environment. If one wants to be a good sports person then he/she needs to practice constantly 3–4 h daily for 4–5 years. But the view to look towards these facts are negative. Most of the parents think that only a single certificate would be the gain out of all these efforts. Instead of that it would be more prestigious to be a rank holder. Especially for the girl students, it is necessary to come forward and increase their participation in sports and games. Hence to increase the participation through the academic encouragement, the incentive marks can be enmarked in their mark statement. For the district level participation, 3 marks; for securing 1st, 2nd, 3rd position, 5 marks; for the state level participation, 10 marks; for securing 1st, 2nd, 3rd position, 15 marks, etc. If sports marks are allotted according to the level of participation then participation can be increased and in future it can be a good scenario in sports.
562 Prospective randomized study of peginterferon alpha-2a, ribavirin and amantadine vs peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin, in hepatitis C patients now responders or relapsers to interferon-alpha and ribavirin
Authors: H. Cheinguer, M. Pessoa, P. Almeida, G. Silva, M. Patelli, R. Paraná, E. Parise, M. Lacerda, J. Pemambuco, S. Pedrosa, R. Teixeira, F. Tatsch, H. Sette
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Teratological research using in vitro systems. V. Nonmammalian model systems.
Authors: T F Collins
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

In this review of alternative tests to whole-animal rodent studies, the use of sub-mammalian and sub-vertebrate systems is investigated. The history, methodology, known limitations, end points, dose response, and requirements of virus, hydra, planarian, cricket, fish, amphibia, Drosophila, and chicken embryo systems are discussed.
A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Chronic Exposure to Microcystin in Relationship to Childhood Liver Damage in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China
Authors: Yan Li, Ji-an Chen, Qing Zhao, Chaowen Pu, Zhiqun Qiu, Renping Zhang, Weiqun Shu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Microcystin-producing Microcystis bloom is a severe water problem in the world. Some reports indicate that chronic exposure to microcystin may result in liver damage in adults, but information on effects in children is limited.We investigated the relationship between microcystin exposure and liver damage in children.We measured microcystin concentrations in drinking water and aquatic food (carp and duck) from two lakes and four wells. Participants were 1,322 children 7-15 years of age who obtained drinking water from one of the tested sources, completed questionnaires, and provided blood samples for serum liver enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT)] and serum microcystin analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with liver damage (two or more abnormal serum enzyme levels in ALT, AST, ALP, or GGT).Microcystin was detected in most samples of water and aquatic food from two lakes. Children who drank water from the lake with the highest microcystin concentrations had a total estimated daily microcystin intake of 2.03 μg, a value much higher than the tolerable daily intake (0.40 μg) proposed by the World Health Organization for children. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, use of hepatotoxic medicines, and microcystin exposure were associated with liver damage. AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in high-microcystin-exposed children than in low-exposed children and unexposed children when participants who were HBV-positive or hepatotoxic medicine users were excluded from the analysis.These results suggest that chronic exposure to microcystin may be associated with liver damage in children in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.
Amniotic-Fluid Cortisol and Human Fetal Lung Maturation
Authors: Sarah M. Sharp-Cageorge, Brian M. Blicher, Ellen R. Gordon, Beverley E. Pearson Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Recent studies suggest that cortisol plays an important part in fetal lung maturation. Lower cortisol levels were found in umbilical-cord blood of infants in whom the respiratory-distress syndrome developed than in normal infants of comparable gestational age,1 suggesting a physiologic link between endogenous fetal cortisol production and maturation of the fetal lung. With a radiotransinassay specific for unconjugated cortisol it was shown that after an initial rise in amniotic-fluid cortisol around the 20th week of gestation, there is a plateau until at least 35 weeks, followed by a rapid rise, particularly in the two weeks before the onset of spontaneous . . .
Pancreaticobiliary biofilm: is cholesterol the answer?
Authors: R A Kozarek
Journal: Gut (2005)

Cholesterol stone formation may be a physiological response to limit bacterial biofilm development in bile. Its incorporation into plastic polymers may be a novel way to prevent biofilm development and subsequent stent occlusion in patients with biliary prostheses

Bacteria in the biliary tree have been the bane of surgeons and gastroenterologists alike. On the one hand, up to 50% of patients with chronic cholecystitis have positive bile cultures, as do 75% of patients with acute cholecystitis, and virtually 100% of individuals with cholangitis.1,2 On the other hand, gut flora are thought to play a key role in the formation of at least black pigment and mixed gall stones, by virtue of mucus production, and the elaboration of B-glucuronidase that deconjugates bilirubin leading to its precipitation with calcium and palmitate.3–7 Moreover, in the form of a biofilm in which bacteria deposit themselves in complex patterns within a mucopolysaccharide or glycocalyx infrastructure, their presence has been associated with progressive occlusion of implanted medical devices which have a lumen and infections resistant to conventional courses of antibiotics.8 Plastic biliary stents, most often placed for malignant obstructive jaundice, have also been noted to occlude by virtue of biofilm development.9,10 This biofilm appears to be multidimensional and consists of slime, immunoglobulins, and other proteins in conjunction with multiple bacteria species in the setting …
Correction: Table in Article on Echocardiography
Authors: MORRIS WEINBERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1981Correction: Table in Article on EchocardiographyMORRIS WEINBERGER, PH.D.MORRIS WEINBERGER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-282_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have read with great interest a recent paper entitled "How Cardiologists Learn About Echocardiography" (1). In attempting to reconstruct Table 1, I have found what appears to be an error. In the column of the table labeled "How Physicians Have Continued Their Education in Echocardiography," there is no entry for the absolute frequency, rank, or relative frequency of "meetings and conferences." The text, however, states that 26% of physicians gave this as a response. I believe the absolute frequency of this source should be 64. This would rank "meetings and conferences" as second, and change the...Reference1. MANNINGDENSON PT. How cardiologists learn about echocardiography: a reminder for medical educators and legislators. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:469-71. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1981Volume 94, Issue 2Page: 282-282KeywordsEchocardiography ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Expanding and Understanding Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Keith Mullen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We agree with the assessment by Dr Hoeg<sup>1</sup>that currently established CHD risk factors do not fully predict an individual's likelihood of developing symptomatic cardiovascular disease. His insights are relevant not only to primary prevention but also to applications dealing with the secondary prevention of CHD. This is particularly important to those of us addressing lifestyle factors in individuals with known cardiovascular disease. The inclusion by Hoeg of homocysteine in the expanded list of risk factors and the emergence of homocysteine as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease<sup>2</sup>shed light on another important topic: the ability of lifestyle interventions to alter the course of cardiovascular disease.<sup>3</sup>Although previous lifestyle interventions<sup>3</sup>have been reported on a variety of conventional parameters including lipid levels, there continues to be great speculation as to all of the factors involved in the atherosclerotic regression previously documented. We now have
Maintenance of Constitutive IκB Kinase Activity by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α/β in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Willie Wilson, Albert S. Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Constitutive nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation is among the many deregulated signaling pathways that are proposed to drive pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival. Recent reports suggest that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a key role in maintaining basal NF-κB target gene expression and cell survival in pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism by which GSK-3β facilitates constitutive NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this report, we analyze the contributions of both GSK-3 isoforms (GSK-3α and GSK-3β) in regulating NF-κB activation and cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2). We show that GSK-3 isoforms are differentially required to maintain basal NF-κB DNA binding activity, transcriptional activity, and cell proliferation in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data also indicate that IκB kinase (IKK) subunits are not equally required to regulate pancreatic cancer–associated NF-κB activity and cell growth. Importantly, we provide the first evidence that GSK-3 maintains constitutive NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer by regulating IKK activity. These data provide new insight into GSK-3–dependent NF-κB regulation and further establish GSK-3 and IKK as potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8156–63]
Abstract 478: Does ICAM-2 contribute to the metastatic phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Patrick L. Garcia, Karina J. Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is the 10th most diagnosed cancer and the 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States, and of those deaths, approximately 90% are due to metastatic disease. Metastasis involves many different proteins and pathways, but one family of proteins, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been implicated in the metastatic process. CAMs are membrane bound glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion to other cells or the extracellular matrix. A specific protein within the CAM superfamily is intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2), which was shown to be expressed in leukocytes and vascular endothelium. Previously, our lab reported a novel function for ICAM-2 in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. ICAM-2 expression correlated with decreased cell motility in vitro, a decreased capacity to form disseminated tumors in vivo in an experimental metastasis model, and coincided with a favorable prognosis in primary tumor samples. The objective of our current study is to examine if these findings could be expanded to other types of solid tumors. Interestingly, in a preliminary screen for ICAM-2 expression, we detected ICAM-2 expression in other types of solid tumors, including PC cell lines. We detected RNA and protein expression of ICAM-2 in two cell lines (BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1), while ICAM-2 expression was not detectable in Panc-1 cells. Next, we wanted to determine if the absence of ICAM-2 expression correlated with increased colony formation in anchorage independent growth in soft agar assay, which was previously reported to be an in vitro indicator of either tumorigenic or metastatic potential. Surprisingly, ICAM-2 expressing PC cells showed significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) decreased colony growth compared to non-ICAM-2 expressing cells. Currently, we are i) evaluating functional differences between ICAM-2 expressing and non-ICAM-2 expressing PC cell lines, and ii) producing a stable transfected Panc-1 cell line over-expressing ICAM-2 to further assess its potential role in metastasis. This work was supported by UAB - comprehensive cancer center - young supporters board - new faculty development award 2010. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 478. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-478
UK legislation planned to outlaw human reproductive cloning
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

New legislation to ban human cloning was due to be introduced into the UK parliament this week after a High Court ruling that cloning was not covered by current regulations.

Last week's ruling surprised the government and research bodies in the United Kingdom. The secretary of state for health, Alan Milburn, responded by announcing plans for urgent legislation making human cloning a specific criminal offence, unless the ruling was overturned on appeal.

The ruling upheld a claim by an organisation “campaigning for absolute respect for innocent human life.” The ProLife Alliance claimed …
P487 Isoprenaline induced heart remodelling differentially influences dystrophin and MnSOD expression in Wistar and SHR rats
Authors: T Lapikova- Bryginska, S Goncharov, M Vasylenko, A Portnychenko, A Moibenko
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Progression of heart remodelling and failure may be associated with disturbances of sarcoplasm membrane stability, and changes of redox balance. The lack of dystrophin protein has been revealed during heart failure development but the changes in expression of dystrophin during remodeling progress are not enough investigated, as well as expression of inducible anti-oxidant enzyme MnSOD. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of dystrophin and MnSOD in the dynamic of hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Methods: In male Wistar and SHR rats 6 months in age, hypertrophy was induced by low doses of isoprenaline (ISO) injections for 7 days. For control we injected 0,9 % NaCl solution at the same period. The samples of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle tissue were collected in the dynamics of experiment, and morphometric analyze was performed. The expression of dystrophin was determined by Western blotting. The parameters of heart function were investigated using the ultra-small catheter 2F ("Millar Instruments", USA). Results: In both lines of animals, the progressive hypertrophy of LV was revealed, and following regression of hypertrophy was shown (only partially in SHR). We found that the parameters of heart function in both lines of animals were typical for heart remodeling and these changes were strongly pronounced in SHR. The expression of dystrophin was higher in RV of Wistar rats. The maximal increase in 5th day with following reduction was observed. In SHR, dystrophin expression was significantly lesser, the maximal reduction was found on 30th day. In both lines of rats, MnSOD expression was higher in LV. In the LV of Wistar, the rise and regression of hypertrophy was accompanied with increase and reduction of MnSOD expression. In the RV of Wistar, moderate elevation of MnSOD was kept during 5-14 days, and maximal values were in 30th day. In opposite, in the LV of SHR, MnSOD expression was dramatically reduced in 5-7 days during maximum of hypertrophic response that may reflect significant disturbances of anti-oxidant defence. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that hypertrophy of LV induced by adrenergic stimulation in rats is accompanied by transient compensatory increase of dystrophin expression, which is less pronounced in SHR. However, the followed prolonged depletion of dystrophin in myocardium, especially in SHR, may be unfavorable for remodelling progression. Anti-oxidant effect of MnSOD protects the heart during one month, but in SHR this mechanism appears to be insufficient at considerable hypertrophy.
Optimized Protocol for 18F-Choline PET/CT in Patients with Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sotirios Chondrogiannis, Maria Cristina Marzola, Gaia Grassetto, Lucia Rampin, Arianna Massaro, Patrick M. Colletti, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We review acquisition F-choline PET/CT methodology, evaluate a new F-choline acquisition protocol for prostate cancer (PC), and propose a standardized acquisition protocol on F-choline in PC patients.Two hundred fifty consecutive PC patients (mean age 72 years, mean PSA 7.9 ng/mL) were prospectively evaluated with F-choline PET/CT. An early scan of the pelvis (1 bed position of 4 minutes) was followed by a whole-body scan at 1 hour. Early and 1 delayed hour images of the pelvis were compared.Twenty-one percent of patients (n = 57) with positive F-choline demonstrated abnormal local uptake; 18% of patients (n = 45) showed distant localization only; 23% of patients (n = 53) had both local and distant localization; 38% of patients (n = 38) did not show any pathological uptake. All early images showed absence of radioactive urine in ureters, bladder, or urethra with satisfactory visualization of the prostatic region. Considering the group of patients with local uptake only, the prostatic region uptake, confirmed by late images, was better visualized in the early phase in 32/57 cases (SUVmax 12.4 ± 3.2 vs. 7.3 ± 5.2, P <0.01). Instead distant lesions were visualized on both early and late images with similar uptakes values (SUVmax 9.8 ± 4.1 vs. 10.3 ± 4.5, P = N.S.).Early F-choline images improve pelvic prostate cancer lesion clarity. All pathologic pelvic deposits (prostate, lymph nodes, bone) were visualized both in the early and late images.
Doctors advised to take special care with human albumin
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Committee on Safety of Medicines has advised doctors to restrict the use of, and take special care when using, human albumin after concerns that far from saving life the preparation may actually increase mortality.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Group published last year (BMJ 1998;317:253-40) of 23 randomised controlled trials, including 1419 critically ill patients with hypovolaemia, burns, and hypoalbuminaemia, found that the risk of death in the group treated with albumin was …
Lack of Reciprocal Interference Between Capsule Endoscope and Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: C. M. Girelli, P. Tartara, E. Vitali
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Capsule endoscopy is being used increasingly in the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, with a better diagnostic yield than the more invasive push enteroscopy [1], and is now accepted as a first-line diagnostic tool in hemodynamically stable patients in this setting [2]. However, because capsule endoscopy technology operates via 440-MHz radiofrequency signalling from the capsule to the belt-worn recorder, it is adversely affected by strong electromagnetic fields, and there are concerns regarding its use in patients with implanted electronic devices (e. g. cardiac pacemakers, implanted cardioverter defibrillators). In addition, the user’s manual for the M2A capsule (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) clearly states that capsule endoscopy is contraindicated in patients who have such types of devices fitted. Most of these patients are on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy, however, and gastrointestinal bleeding is not uncommon in the course of their disease.
Adipose triglyceride lipase is a major hepatic lipase that regulates triacylglycerol turnover and fatty acid signaling and partitioning
Authors: Kuok Teong Ong, Mara T. Mashek, So Young Bu, Andrew S. Greenberg, Douglas G. Mashek
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Despite advances in our understanding of the ways in which nutrient oversupply and triacylglycerol (TAG) anabolism contribute to hepatic steatosis, little is known about the lipases responsible for regulating hepatic TAG turnover. Recent studies have identified adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) as a major lipase in adipose tissue, although its role in the liver is largely unknown. Thus, we tested the contribution of ATGL to hepatic lipid metabolism and signaling. Adenovirus-mediated knockdown of hepatic ATGL resulted in steatosis in mice and decreased hydrolysis of TAG in primary hepatocyte cultures and in vitro assays. In addition to altering TAG hydrolysis, ATGL was shown to play a significant role in partitioning hydrolyzed fatty acids between metabolic pathways. Although ATGL gain and loss of function did not alter hepatic TAG secretion, fatty acid oxidation was increased by ATGL overexpression and decreased by ATGL knockdown. The effects on fatty acid oxidation coincided with decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and its target genes in mice with suppressed hepatic ATGL expression. However, PPAR-α agonism was unable to normalize the effects of ATGL knockdown on PPAR-α target gene expression, and this suggests that ATGL influences PPAR-α activity independently of ligand-induced activation. Conclusion: Taken together, these data show that ATGL is a major hepatic TAG lipase that plays an integral role in fatty acid partitioning and signaling to control energy metabolism. (Hepatology 2011)