tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A decision scheme for coronary angiography after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Ross, E A Gilpin, E B Madsen, H Henning, P Nicod, H Dittrich, R Engler, J Rittelmeyer, S C Smith, C Viquerat
Journal: Circulation (1989)

It is important to select patients in the convalescent phase of acute myocardial infarction in whom knowledge of coronary anatomy may identify those potentially suitable for intervention aimed at improving prognosis. However, differing guidelines have been proposed, and by applying some of these guidelines to our large database of patients after acute myocardial infarction, several problem areas were identified. These include lack of considering patients with resting ischemia beyond day 5 of hospitalization, management of patients with reduced ventricular function or patients not exercise tested, and the role of coronary angiography in the elderly. Based on this experience and further analysis in 1,848 patients surviving beyond day 5 of hospitalization, a modified decision scheme for coronary angiography was developed and then tested in a second population (n = 780). In the new scheme, patients over 75 years of age are considered individually. Those under 75 years of age with severe resting ischemia in the hospital at any time beyond the first 24 hours (18% mortality between day 6 and year 1), and hospital survivors with a history of previous myocardial infarction and clinical or radiographic signs of left ventricular failure in the hospital (25% 1-year mortality after discharge), are recommended for coronary angiography. Among the remaining patients, some will perform an exercise test, and those with an ischemic response or poor workload (11% 1-year mortality) are also assigned to coronary angiography. When an exercise test is not performed, a resting radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction is recommended, and coronary angiography is considered if the value lies between 0.20 and 0.44 (12% 1-year mortality). This relatively simple scheme does not make general recommendations in the elderly, considers patients with in-hospital left ventricular failure or reduced left ventricular function or both, and approaches the problem of patients who do not perform an exercise test. This general approach would avoid early coronary angiography in patients with an average 1-year mortality risk after discharge of 3% and recommend coronary angiography in those at increased risk (average mortality rate, 16%) who make up about 55% of this population under 75 years of age.
TCT- 479 The Increased Risk of Stent Thrombosis in Acute Coronary Syndromes is Confined to the First 30 days After PCI: Results from the Multicenter ADAPT-DES Study
Authors: Ajay J. Kirtane, Michael Rinaldi, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giora Weisz, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Franz-Josef Neumann, Ke Xu, Akiko Maehara, Philippe Genereux, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Papillary muscle shortening in the intact dog; a cinderadiographic study of tranquilized dogs in the upright position.
Authors: A F Grimm, B L Lendrum, H L Lin
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Shortening of the anterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle was demonstrated in six intact, tranquilized dogs. Two small metal markers that had been surgically implanted 3-50 months earlier were cineradiographically photographed during approximately ten sequential cardiac cycles in each of two orthogonal positions. Distances between markers were plotted for successive frames. The resulting curves were used to obtain maximum velocities of papillary muscle shortening and lengthening: 1.08 plus or minus 0.29 muscle lengths/sec and 1.39 plus or minus 0.48 muscle lengths/sec, respectively. From the two orthogonal planes, the average maximum spatial distance and the average minimum spatial distance between the markers were calculated. The mean percent shortening of 22.8 plus or minus 6.5% was surprisingly large: it approximated the distance from the foot to the peak of the ascending limb of the myocardial length-tension curve derived from isolated muscle studies. Mechanical studies on isolated papillary muscle have consistently shown reduced shortening with increasing loads. Since the in vivo dog papillary muscle has been reported to be under considerable tension during systole, there appears to be some contradiction between the degree of shortening found in the present study and the shortening observed in isolated papillary muscle studies.
Peter Royston Rawle
Authors: M. Rawle
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Chairman department of anaesthetics, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (b 1954; q Westminster Hospital Medical School 1977; FRCA), died from cholangiocarcinoma on 23 January 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Peter was a senior registrar at St George's Hospital, London, before being appointed as a consultant at Frimley Park Hospital. He enjoyed rugby, golf, and cycling. When he became ill, he had been planning a trip to France to cycle part of the Tour de France route. Colleagues have started an annual golf tournament for the Peter Rawle Memorial Trophy to raise money for children's charities. Peter leaves his second wife, Annette, and two children by his first marriage.
Prices on new insurance exchanges are lower than expected, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The premiums for plans being offered on many of the new health insurance exchanges created by the US Affordable Care Act are proving to cost less than predicted, a new study has found.

Under the law, insurers wanting to offer plans on the exchanges must propose plans offering four levels of coverage, called bronze, silver, gold, and platinum plans. All the plans must offer a minimum set of essential benefits, and none can deny coverage on the basis of a pre-existing condition. Prices can vary only on the basis of enrollees’ age, geographic location, and family size and whether they smoke.

Opponents of the 2010 …
Novel Passive Implantable Atrial Defibrillator Using Transcutaneous Radiofrequency Energy Transmission Successfully Cardioverts Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ganesh Manoharan, Noel Evans, Bakthiar Kidwai, Desmond Allen, John Anderson, Jennifer Adgey
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Conventional methods for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm have numerous difficulties. A novel method for cardioversion using the passive implantable atrial defibrillator (PIAD) was tested in acute animal models. This device does not have a battery or a capacitor to store energy and is activated by transferring RF energy across the skin from an external transmitter to the subcutaneously implanted defibrillator. On activation, a novel monophasic shock waveform with 5% tilt is delivered to the heart via 2 intracardiac defibrillation leads.Cardioversion attempts with the device were assessed in 2 phases: a feasibility and efficacy study and randomized comparison against standard waveforms. Defibrillation leads were placed transvenously into the distal coronary sinus and the right atrial appendage. These were connected to the subcutaneously implanted PIAD. Sustained AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing. The transmitter coil was placed on the skin overlying the defibrillator, and defibrillation synchronized to the R wave was attempted. The method was found to be efficacious at very low voltage and energy, with 100% cardioversion success observed for 10-ms 100-V shocks (mean energy, 1.54+/-0.02 J). The PIAD waveform had a higher cardioversion success rate than a truncated, 70% tilt monophasic exponential pulse (100 V, 100% versus 78.0+/-7.57%; P=0.001). There were no postshock complications.Considering these animal results, this method is promising for cardioverting AF in symptomatic patients.
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO TUBERCULO-PROTEINS COMPARED WITH THE REACTIONS TO TUBERCULO-LIPIDS
Authors: Florence R. Sabin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Tuberculo-protein in solution induces the formation of monocytes in the normal animal and tubercles of epithelioid cells in that which is tuberculous. 2. Freshly precipitated tuberculo-proteins from the culture media and from the bacilli induce a moderate formation of epithelioid cells in normal animals, and more in the tuberculous. 3. Insoluble forms of tuberculo-protein induce complex tubercular tissue in normal animals. This action is enhanced in the tuberculous.
Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: A Report after Ten Years of a Clinical Trial
Authors: H. Atkins, J. L. Hayward, D. J. Klugman, A. B. Wayte
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A controlled clinical trial has been carried out to compare radical mastectomy with wide excision (extended tylectomy) in the treatment of early breast cancer. Only patients aged 50 and over were included and 370 entered the trial during a period of 10 years. Postoperative radiotherapy was given in each case. In patients with clinically involved axillary nodes there was a significantly higher incidence of local and distant recurrence in those having a wide excision, and the survival of these patients was significantly less than those who had a radical mastectomy. In patients with clinically uninvolved nodes, although there was a significantly higher incidence of local recurrence in those having a wide excision, there was no increased incidence of distant recurrence and the survival rate was similar to those having a radical mastectomy.
Etiology and treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Authors: Scott S. Campbell, Patricia J. Murphy, Cameron J. van den Heuvel, Melanie L. Roberts, Thomas N. Stauble
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (1999)

Some individuals experience an acute or chronic sleep disturbance, associated with a misalignment between the timing of their sleep and the sleep-wake cycle that is desired, or considered normal by society. It is estimated that 5-10% of insomniacs seeking treatment have this type of disorder, collectively called circadian rhythm sleep disorders. This paper reviews circadian rhythm sleep disorders of the intrinsic type, which include delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome, non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, and irregular sleep-wake pattern. For each disorder, we present data addressing its pathophysiology and potential treatments, including the use of behavioral measures and chronotherapy, bright light treatment and pharmacological treatments such as melatonin. We conclude by addressing some of the limitations and drawbacks of the various treatments.
Virus- and interferon-induced loss of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptor function and gene expression in cultured airway parasympathetic neurons.
Authors: D B Jacoby, H Q Xiao, N H Lee, Y Chan-Li, A D Fryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Viral infections increase vagally mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. Decreased function of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on the parasympathetic nerve endings is likely to contribute to increased acetylcholine release. In this study, we used cultured airway parasympathetic neurons to determine the effects of parainfluenza virus and of interferon (IFN)-gamma on acetylcholine release, inhibitory M2 receptor function, and M2 receptor gene expression. In control cultures, electrically stimulated acetylcholine release increased when the inhibitory M2 receptors were blocked using atropine (10(-)5 M) and decreased when these receptors were stimulated using methacholine (10(-)5 M). Acetylcholine release was increased by viral infection and by treatment with IFN-gamma (300 U/ml). In these cells, atropine did not further potentiate, nor did methacholine inhibit, acetylcholine release, suggesting decreased inhibitory M2 receptor function and/or expression. Using a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method, we demonstrated that M2 receptor gene expression was decreased by more that an order of magnitude both by virus infection and by treatment with IFN. Thus, viral infections may increase vagally mediated bronchoconstriction both by directly inhibiting M2 receptor gene expression and by causing release of IFN-gamma which inhibits M2 receptor gene expression.
A conversation with Jean Wilson
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

We are joined by a JCI favorite, Dr. Jean Wilson from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, who was the editor in chief of the JCI between 1972 and 1977 (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Dr. Wilson’s research centered on cholesterol metabolism and steroid hormone action, laid the groundwork for understanding male/female genital development, and led to the first medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The full interview can be seen at http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.
CHRONIC VAGINITIS AND ACNE
Authors: Frederic Wade Hitchings
Journal: JAMA (1935)

To the Editor:—  In regard to the communication of Dr. Arthur G. Schoch inThe Journal, March 9, page 852, concerning the specious conclusion that the acne was connected with the chronic vaginitis in my report of a case of chronic vaginitis treated with phenylmercuric nitrate (The Journal, January 19, p. 212), much could be said. When the acne first appeared, the patient was told that it might be connected with the vaginitis, and that it might clear up if the vaginitis could be cured. That the two were connected I have no doubt from what actually happened, as recorded. The possibility of the acne being caused by the local applications of iodine was not even considered for the very good reason that it was present before the iodine applications were made. Moreover, at no time did the patient take iodine in any form (including iodized salt) by mouth. Again,
Bronchoalveolar lavage in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: D Wendling, J C Dalphin, B Toson, A Depierre, M Guidet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies were performed in 15 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 17 control subjects. There was no difference in total cell count, number of lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, or beta 2 microglobulin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between these two groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage IgA concentrations were not increased, but bronchial IgA deposits were more common in AS. This study failed to show any subclinical alveolitis in AS.
Susceptibility to anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and Goodpasture syndrome is linked to MHC class II genes and the emergence of T cell-mediated immunity in mice.
Authors: R Kalluri, T M Danoff, H Okada, E G Neilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We developed a new mouse model of human anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease to better characterize the genetic determinants of cell-mediated injury. While all major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes (H-2a, k, s, b, and d) immunized with alpha3 NC1 domains of type IV collagen produce anti-alpha3(IV) NC1 antibodies that cross-react with human Goodpasture [anti-GBM/anti-alpha3(IV) NC1] autoantibodies, only a few strains developed nephritis and lung hemorrhage associated with Goodpasture syndrome. Crescentic glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage were MHC-restricted in haplotypes H-2s, b, and d (A beta/A alpha region in H-2s) and associated with the emergence of an IL-12/Th1-like T cell phenotype. Lymphocytes or anti-alpha3(IV) NC1 antibodies from nephritogenic strains transfer disease to syngeneic recipients. However, passive transfer of isogenic alpha3(IV) NC1 antibodies into -/- T cell receptor-deficient mice failed to produce nephritis. Finally, nephritis and its associated IL-12/Th1-like T cell response attenuate in disease-susceptible mice tolerized orally to alpha3(IV) collagen before immunization. Our findings suggest collectively, as a hypothesis, that anti-GBM antibodies in mice only facilitate disease in MHC haplotypes capable of generating nephritogenic lymphocytes with special T cell repertoires.
English hospitals are failing to implement safety alerts
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Priority effect theory, a foundational concept from community ecology, states that the order and timing of species arrival during species assembly can affect species composition. Although this theory has been applied to co-infecting parasite species, it has almost always been with a single time lag between co-infecting parasites. Thus, how the timing of parasite species arrival affects co-infections and disease remains poorly understood. To address this gap in the literature, we exposed post-metamorphic Cuban tree frogs (<i>Osteopilus septentrionalis</i>) to Ranavirus, the fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd), a nematode <i>Aplectana hamatospicula</i>, or pairs of these parasites either simultaneously or sequentially at a range of time lags and quantified load of the secondary parasite and host growth, survival and parasite tolerance. Prior exposure to Bd or <i>A. hamatospicula</i> significantly increased viral loads relative to hosts singly infected with Ranavirus, whereas <i>A. hamatospicula</i> loads in hosts were higher when co-exposed to Bd than when co-exposed to Ranavirus. There was a significant positive relationship between time since Ranavirus infection and Bd load, and prior exposure to <i>A. hamatospicula</i> decreased Bd loads compared to simultaneous co-infection with these parasites. Infections with Bd and Ranavirus either singly or in co-infections decreased host growth and survival. This research reveals that time lags between co-infections can affect parasite loads, in line with priority effects theory. As co-infections in the field are unlikely to be simultaneous, an understanding of when co-infections are impacted by time lags between parasite exposures may play a major role in controlling problematic co-infections.
Abstract 4220: Establishment of a rapid and automated detection system for <i>BRAF</i> mutations in malignant melanoma.
Authors: Masaru Ide, Shinichi Koba, Yumi Nagano, Naoko Aragane-Sueoka, Akemi Sato, Takuya Inoue, Naomi Kobayashi, Noriyuki Misago, Yutaka Narisawa, Shinya Kimura, Eisaburo Sueoka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BRAF gene mutations have been observed in 30-70% of malignant melanoma patients. Recent development of therapeutic intervention using BRAF inhibitors requires an accurate and rapid detection system for BRAF mutations. In addition, there are only a few reports that investigated the clinical characteristics of the melanoma associated with BRAF mutations in Japanese patients on a large scale evaluation. We recently established quenching probe system (QP) for detection of an activating BRAF mutation, V600E and evaluated 113 melanoma samples diagnosed in Saga University Hospital from 1982 to 2011. The QP system includes fully automated genotyping, based on analysis of the probe DNA melting curve, which binds the target mutated site using a fluorescent guanine quenched probe. BRAF mutations were detected in 54 of 115 (47%) including 51 of V600E and 3 of V600K in Japanese melanoma cases. Among clinical subtypes of melanoma, nodular melanoma showed high frequency (12 of 15; 80%) of mutation followed by superficial spreading melanoma (13 of 26; 50%). The QP system is a simple and sensitive method to determine BRAF V600E mutation, and will be useful tool for patient-oriented therapy with BRAF inhibitors. Citation Format: Masaru Ide, Shinichi Koba, Yumi Nagano, Naoko Aragane-Sueoka, Akemi Sato, Takuya Inoue, Naomi Kobayashi, Noriyuki Misago, Yutaka Narisawa, Shinya Kimura, Eisaburo Sueoka. Establishment of a rapid and automated detection system for BRAF mutations in malignant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4220
Immunoperoxidase examination of cutaneous infiltrates of mycosis fungoides and large-plaque atrophic parapsoriasis with OKT10
Authors: Euan M. McMillan, Scott Peters, Ingrid Jackson, Rose Wasik, Lloyd Stoneking, Mark Allen Everett, Syed Latafat Husain Harnzavi M.D.
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1984)
Homosexuality and Venereal Disease-Reply
Authors: R. H. Kampmeier
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The correspondent regrets the lack of emphasis upon homosexuality and the part it plays in maintaining infectious syphilis in a community. To those interested in syphilis this fact is neither forgotten, unknown, nor neglected. This topic had a prominent place on the program of the World Forum on Syphilis and Other Treponematoses last September. In a more expanded paper read at the Forum, the author of the communication in question gave attention to this topic, and the reference list was more extended. The contracted paper was to point up the need for an awareness by the practicing physician of his responsibility in epidemiological control. The physician already knowledgeable in this area is well aware of the role of homosexuality. In the implementation of education for the unknowledgeable, the role of homosexuality will, no doubt, not be forgotten by the physician-teacher nor by the health officer.  Regarding another item in the
Afatinib (A) Vs Erlotinib (E) as Second-Line Treatment of Patients (PTS) with Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lung Following First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: Lux-Lung 8 (LL8), a Phase Iii Global Trial
Authors: G.D. Goss, E. Felip, M. Cobo, S. Lu, V. Georgoulias, A. Ardizzoni, S. Gadgeel, B. Wang, V.K. Chand, J.-C. Soria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
William Stewart Ogden
Authors: David Brodie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

William Stewart Ogden was known to his friends, colleagues, and patients as Bill Ogden. Bill went up to Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1948 to read natural sciences, where he was able to pursue his passions for medicine, rowing, rugby, and jazz. Bill started his medical career in ear, nose, and throat surgery at St Bartholomew's Hospital, …
Long-term Follow-up of Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implanted Under Conscious Sedation in Prepectoral Subfascial Position
Authors: Antonio Pacifico, Kevin R. Wheelan, Nadim Nasir, Peter J. Wells, Timothy K. Doyle, Susan A. Johnson, Philip D. Henry
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) with intravenous electrode systems and downsized generators can be implanted by use of operative techniques similar to those employed for the insertion of permanent pacemakers. However, the safety, efficacy, and long-term follow-up of simplified implantation procedures remain to be evaluated. This report is a prospective long-term evaluation of nonselected patients receiving ICDs in the prepectoral subfascial position under conscious sedation. Methods and Results Clinical characteristics of the 231 consecutive patients included a mean age of 63 years, a male-to-female ratio of 6.4, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.34, a mild-to-moderate heart failure in 91%, coronary artery disease in 84%, and a history of aborted sudden cardiac death or refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Insertion of transvenous leads and prepectoral subfascial ICD implantation were performed in electrophysiology laboratories under local anesthesia and conscious sedation with intravenous midazolam and propofol. Successful implantation in all patients (operation time, 80±32 minutes, mean±SD) irrespective of body size and skin thickness was free of major complications, including need for emergency intubation. After surgery, 1 pocket hematoma, 1 seroma, and 1 pneumothorax required treatment. There was no operative or first-month mortality. During long-term follow-up averaging 453±296 days, six leads required repositioning, but pocket erosions or infections did not occur. First-year total survival was 97%. Conclusions Implantation under conscious sedation of ICDs in the prepectoral subfascial position is a safe and effective procedure with low operative and postoperative morbidity and favorable long-term outcome.