tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognosis in giant-cell arteritis.
Authors: E Graham, A Holland, A Avery, R W Russell
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In a study to assess the natural history of giant-cell arteritis, 90 patients with proved disease were followed up from the time of diagnosis. Early mortality was low and most commonly due to vertebral arteritis, but cerebral infarction did not appear to be a late complication. High maintenance dose steroids and visual loss were associated significantly with a shortened life span (p=0.0003 and p=0.0024). One-third of the patients developed chronic relapsing disease, but serious late complications were not encountered. After the initial attack has been controlled steroid dosage should be reduced to the minimum needed to alleviate symptoms.
Healing of Malignant Ulceration in a Case of Early Oesophageal Carcinoma Presenting as Haematemesis
Authors: J.F. Bretagne, M.P. Ramee, J. Gastard
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A 77-year-old male was hospitalised following haematemesis of sudden onset. Emergency endoscopy revealed an oesophageal ulcer 5 cms in length. Biopsies taken from the margin of this lesion showed severe dysplastic changes. The patient was seen one month later, at which time his general condition was good, and there was no dysphagia. A second endoscopy showed that the ulcer had healed, and in its place was found a mucous plaque which was redder than normal. This plaque was iodonegative. Biopsies taken from this region confirmed a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the oesophagus. To our knowledge this is the first recorded case in which a malignant ulcer has healed.
Treatment of Intractable Uremic Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Theodore J. Buselmeier
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Forty-five patients with uremic pericardial effusion were treated with local instillation of nonabsorbable steroid through an indwelling pericardial drainage catheter and followed up from one to 54 months. In these patients previous intensive dialysis and other attempts at control of the effusions were unsuccessful. The average hospitalization for percutaneous therapy was eight days. An asymptomatic internal mammary artery fistula developed in one patient. Another had resolution of her pericardial effusion but not of associated pericardial pain. She subsequently underwent pericardiectomy (stripping), without resolution of her pain. One patient had a recurrence of her effusion six months after therapy. Complications of this technique are rare. The relatively noninvasive drainage and local instillation of a nonabsorbable steroid is almost universally effective. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1358-1359, 1978)
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Morbidly Obese Women With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Hisham A Barakat, Nitin Mooney, Kevin O'Brien, Stuart Long, Prabhaker G Khazani, Walter Pories, Jose F Caro
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine if the risk for CHD increases progressively with increases in the BMI of normoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, morbidly obese women (BMI > or = 35 kg/m2). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by calculating an ISI following an OGTT. There was a significant linear relationship between ISI and BMI fitted by two straight lines intersecting at a point corresponding to a BMI of 29.7 +/- 1.5 kg/m2. Significant linear relationships between insulin sensitivity and BMI were obtained below and above this breakpoint. Similarly, a breakpoint for the relation between dBP and BMI corresponding to a BMI > or = 33.7 +/- 3.4 kg/m2 was obtained. Significant linear relationships between BMI and plasma fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, sBP, or dBP were not observed in the women with a BMI > 35 kg/m2. RESULTS--Compared with lean (BMI < 27) women of similar age, the morbidly obese patients appear to be at a higher risk for CHD. This is suggested by statistically significant increases in fasting insulin (mean +/- SD; 187 +/- 137 vs. 64.2 +/- 16.2 pM) and triglyceride levels (128 +/- 78.1 vs. 73 +/- 25 mg/dl), sBP (132 +/- 114 vs. 104 +/- 15.8) and dBP (84 +/- 72 vs. 67 +/- 2.1 mmHg), and decreases in HDL cholesterol (1.03 +/- 0.44 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.82 mM) and apo A-I (91 +/- 55 vs. 122 +/- 35 mg/dl) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS--It appears that there may be a threshold of body mass up to which insulin sensitivity is associated with CHD risk. Above this threshold, there does not appear to be a progressive increase in the risk factors for CHD with increases in BMI.
Genetic counselling in psoriasis: empirical data on psoriasis among first-degree relatives of 3095 psoriatic probands
Authors: G. SWANBECK, A. INEROT, T. MARTINSSON, C. ENERBÄCK, F. ENLUND, L. SAMUELSSON, M. YHR, J. WAHLSTRÖM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The risk of getting psoriasis dependent on the occurrence of psoriasis in the family has been determined empirically. Altogether 3717 families with one or both parents who had psoriasis have been analysed with regard to the number of children with or without psoriasis. The lifetime risk of getting psoriasis if no parent, one parent or both parents have psoriasis is 0.04, 0.28 and 0.65, respectively. If there is already one affected child in the family, the corresponding risks are 0.24, 0.51 and 0.83, respectively. The risk of getting psoriasis before the age of 32 years is dependent on the age-of-onset of psoriasis in one affected parent.
Organization of a surgical unit in a remote area.
Authors: R. P. Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Background</h3> Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a recognized risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults and occurs in up to 29% of US obese children and adolescents. Although the long-term consequences of the MS in childhood are unknown, early intervention to promote healthy changes in lifestyle may have a beneficial effect in the factors used a diagnostic criteria of MS. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effect of a 12-week medically supervised program of nutritional counseling and exercise on each diagnostic criterion of MS in a group of overweight children with this diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> This study included 31 children and adolescents, with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile, who met the diagnostic criteria for MS as defined by NANHES III. The difference in the mean value of each diagnostic criterion was analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-test. <h3>Results</h3> There were 12 females and 19 males with a mean age of 11.4 years (range: 8-15 years), and a mean BMI Z-score of 2.33 ± 0.33. The ethnic composition was Hispanic: 74%, Caucasian: 16% and other races: 10%. Comparison of mean values is shown in the table below. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A 12-week intervention program to encourage healthy nutritional and exercise patterns in this group of overweight children and adolescents with MS was associated with significant improvement in the mean values of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels.
Validation of a Spanish version of the Leicester cough questionnaire in adult patients with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Gerard Muñoz, Rosa Girón, Casilda Olveira, Javier de Gracia, Antoni Alvarez, Maria Buixó, Mariano Martin, Montserrat Vendrell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Cough is a main symptom in cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis (BC). We have previously created and validated a Spanish version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) in non-CF BC. The original English language version has not yet been validated in CF. This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the LCQ in adult patients with CF-BC in a prospective longitudinal multicentric study.  Methods:  Validity was assessed by correlating the LCQ with the Saint George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and clinical variables when stable. Reliability was assessed by recording changes in the LCQ score 15 days after the initial observations of the patients in stable state. Responsiveness was assessed by the change in LCQ scores between the first visit and the first exacerbation.  Results:  132 patients (29±10 years) in 4 different hospitals were included. Validity: Correlation between LCQ and SGRQ scores was -0.653. There were significant correlations with clinical variables (mean difference in the LCQ score >1.3, p Conclusion:  The Spanish version of the LCQ discriminates respiratory disease severity, is responsive to change, and is reliable for use in CF-BC. Its use will facilitate comparison with studies of English-speaking patients.  PII Bronquiectasias, SEPAR.
Severe anaphylactoid reactions to dextran 70.
Authors: L H Fanous, A Gray, J Felmingham
Journal: BMJ (1977)

results for LE cells.These abnormalities resolved on stopping the drug, and the authors suggested that sulphonamides might unmask a latent "lupus diathesis" in certain patients with ulcerative colitis.The HLA-B8 antigen is associated with various immunologically mediated diseases,'3 and it may have predisposed our patient to de- velop a drug-induced lupus syndrome.This case highlights the possibility of a sulphonamide-induced SLE syndrome occurring in any patient with colitis who develops polyarthropathy or vasculitis while receiving sulphasalazine.The patient's slow-acetylator phenotype permitted the development of high serum concentrations of sulphapyridine, even with modest doses of sulphasalazine, and this may have facilitated the appearance of the lupus-like syndrome.
Anthracycline Cardiomyopathy Is Mediated by Depletion of the Cardiac Stem Cell Pool and Is Rescued by Restoration of Progenitor Cell Function
Authors: Antonella De Angelis, Elena Piegari, Donato Cappetta, Laura Marino, Amelia Filippelli, Liberato Berrino, João Ferreira-Martins, Hanqiao Zheng, Toru Hosoda, Marcello Rota, Konrad Urbanek, Jan Kajstura, Annarosa Leri, Francesco Rossi, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Anthracyclines are the most effective drugs available in the treatment of neoplastic diseases; however, they have profound consequences on the structure and function of the heart, which over time cause a cardiomyopathy that leads to congestive heart failure. Methods and Results— Administration of doxorubicin in rats led to a dilated myopathy, heart failure, and death. To test whether the effects of doxorubicin on cardiac anatomy and function were mediated by alterations in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), these cells were exposed to the anthracycline, which increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and caused increases in DNA damage, expression of p53, telomere attrition, and apoptosis. Additionally, doxorubicin resulted in cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M transition, which led to a significant decrease in CPC growth. Doxorubicin elicited multiple molecular adaptations; the massive apoptotic death that occurred in CPCs in the presence of anthracycline imposed on the surviving CPC pool the activation of several pathways aimed at preservation of the primitive state, cell division, lineage differentiation, and repair of damaged DNA. To establish whether delivery of syngeneic progenitor cells opposed the progression of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, enhanced green fluorescent protein–labeled CPCs were injected in the failing myocardium; this treatment promoted regeneration of cardiomyocytes and vascular structures, which improved ventricular performance and rate of animal survival. Conclusions— Our results raise the possibility that autologous CPCs can be obtained before antineoplastic drugs are given to cancer patients and subsequently administered to individuals who are particularly sensitive to the cardiotoxicity of these agents for prevention or management of heart failure.
Evidence for the molecular heterogeneity of sickle cell anemia chromosomes bearing the β<sup>S</sup>/Benin haplotype
Authors: George P. Patrinos, Piera Samperi, Luca lo Nigro, Panagoula Kollia, Gino Schiliro, Manoussos N. Papadakis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract There are at least four distinct African and one Asian chromosomal backgrounds (haplotypes) on which the sickle cell mutation has arisen. Additionally, previous data suggest that the β S /Bantu haplotype is heterogeneous at the molecular level. Here, we report the presence of the A γ −499 T→A variation in sickle cell anemia chromosomes of Sicilian and North African origin bearing the β S /Benin haplotype. Being absent from North American β S /Benin chromosomes, which were studied previously, this variation is indicative for the molecular heterogeneity of the β S /Benin haplotype. Am. J. Hematol. 80:79–80, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid Stimulation of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Transport by <scp>d</scp> -Glucose Involves p42/44 <sup>mapk</sup> and Nitric Oxide in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelium
Authors: Carlos Flores, Susana Rojas, Claudio Aguayo, Jorge Parodi, Giovanni Mann, Jeremy D. Pearson, Paola Casanello, Luis Sobrevia
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

D-glucose infusion and gestational diabetes induce vasodilatation in humans and increase L-arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. High D-glucose (25 mmol/L, 2 minutes) induced membrane hyperpolarization and an increase of L-arginine transport (V(max) 6.1+/-0.7 versus 4.4+/-0.1 pmol/ microg protein per minute) with no change in transport affinity (K(m) 105+/-9 versus 111+/-16 micromol/L). L-[3H]citrulline formation and intracellular cGMP, but not intracellular Ca2+, were increased by high D-glucose. The effects of D-glucose were mimicked by levcromakalim (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), paralleled by p42/p44(mapk) and Ser(1177)-endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO synthesis inhibitor), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), KT-5823 (protein kinase G inhibitor), PD-98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor), and wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), but they were unaffected by calphostin C (protein kinase C inhibitor). Elevated D-glucose did not alter superoxide dismutase activity. Our findings demonstrate that the human fetal endothelial L-arginine/NO signaling pathway is rapidly activated by elevated D-glucose via NO and p42/44(mapk). This could be determinant in pathologies in which rapid fluctuations of plasma D-glucose may occur and may underlie the reported vasodilatation in early stages of diabetes mellitus.
Adipokines in NASH: Postprandial lipid metabolism as a link between adiponectin and liver disease
Authors: Giovanni Musso, Roberto Gambino, Marilena Durazzo, Giampaolo Biroli, Monica Carello, Emanuela Fagà, Giovanni Pacini, Franco De Michieli, Laura Rabbione, Alberto Premoli, Maurizio Cassader, Gianfranco Pagano
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Circulating levels of four adipokines (adiponectin, TNF-α, leptin, and resistin) and the postprandial lipid and adiponectin responses to an oral fat load were assessed in 25 non-obese, non-diabetic patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and correlated with metabolic indices and liver histology. Circulating adiponectin was lower in NASH compared with controls (5,476 ± 344 vs. 11,548 ± 836 ng/mL; P = .00001) and on multiple regression analysis correlated negatively with liver steatosis, necroinflammation (OR = 5.0; P = .009), and fibrosis (OR = 8.0; P = .003).The magnitude of postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in NASH than in controls and was related to fasting adiponectin (β = −0.78; P = .00003). Controls showed a significant increase in serum adiponectin in response to the fat load, whereas patients with NASH showed a slight decrease. Postprandial free fatty acids response correlated inversely with adiponectin response in both groups and independently predicted the severity of liver steatosis in NASH (β = 0.51; P = .031). In conclusion , hypoadiponectinemia is present before overt diabetes and obesity appear and correlates with the severity of liver histology in NASH. Impaired postprandial lipid metabolism may be an additional mechanism linking hypoadiponectinemia and NASH and posing a higher cardiovascular risk to these subjects. The mechanism(s) underlying these differences are unknown, but the type of dietary fat seems to play a role. These findings may have important pathogenetic and therapeutic implications in both liver and metabolic disease. (Hepatology 2005.)
Incidental Detection of Hyperthyroidism during a Perfusion Lung Scan for Suspected Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: RICHARD J. CAMPEAU, RICHARD J. LICHTENSTEIN, THOMAS L. WARD, DAVID K. ALSTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Striking thyroidal uptake of Tc-99m pertechnetate was observed during the course of a perfusion lung scan performed with Tc-99m MAA to rule out pulmonary embolism in a 49-year-old man. There was no evidence of gastric pertechnetate activity. Radiochemical purity analysis of the Tc-MAA by chromatography in normal saline revealed 98.8% tagging, with 1.2% free pertechnetate. We estimate that a maximum of 60 µCi (2.2 MBq) of pertechnetate was available for thyroid trapping. This amount, given to a euthyroid volunteer studied with conventional gamma camera lung perfusion settings, failed to vizualize the thyroid. A follow-up radioiodine thyroid uptake of the patient was markedly elevated, as was his thyroid function tests (T3, T4, T7). When diffuse intense thyroid gland radioactivity is seen during scintigraphy with a technetium radiopharmaceutical (e.g., bone and lung scans), consideration should be given to the possibility of hyperthyroidism. If gastric activity is not concomitantly seen, hyperthyroidism secondary to diffuse hyperplasia of the gland is probably present.
The Value of 18F-FDG PET/Contrast-Enhanced CT in Detection of Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Elaine Yuen Phin Lee, Pek-Lan Khong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The differentiation between tumor and bland thromboses is important as the management differs. Retrospectively, we aim to evaluate the utility of FDG PET in detecting and differentiating tumor from bland thromboses and if FDG PET provides additional value to contrast-enhanced CT for tumor thrombus detection.Twenty-four sites of venous thromboembolism, detected on PET/CT, were retrospectively reviewed. Classification of type of thrombosis was based on histology and radiological follow-up. We evaluated the presence of contrast-enhanced CT findings that were suggestive of tumor thrombosis; sign of invasion, neovascularity, and enhancement. Metabolic activity by means of SUV(max) was measured by drawing ROI at the site of thrombosis. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean SUV(max) between thromboses and internal references. We used ROC analysis to identify the optimal cutoff value of SUV(max) for detection of tumor thrombosis.Twenty-four sites of venous thromboembolism were identified in 15 patients. All tumor thromboses demonstrated at least 1 positive sign on contrast-enhanced CT, whereas 33% of bland thromboses had the same finding. The difference between tumor and bland thrombus SUV(max) was statistically significant (P < 0.005). On ROC analysis, a cutoff of SUV(max) 2.25 (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 100%) was suggested to differentiate tumor from bland thrombosis.PET/CT is able to differentiate tumor from bland thrombosis, with an optimal cutoff value of SUV(max) 2.25. The metabolic information increases the diagnostic accuracy of tumor thrombus and is a useful adjunct to the described features on contrast-enhanced CT.
ON CAESAREAN SECTION: WITH NOTES OF TEN CASES
Authors: C. E. Purslow
Journal: BMJ (1911)

I MEDICAL JOURAL CASE III.Dr. Dieupart recently treated a patient sent to him by a dispensaire antitubereuleux, who had phthisis with bacilli in the sputum, and also tuberculous disease of the left wrist, which had prevented any use of the joint for several months.After twelve injections the swelling of the radio-carpal joint completely disappeared, and the patient recovered all the normal movements at the wrist-joint.
Na+ Transport in Hypertension
Authors: Philip J Hilton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Several different lines of argument lead to the conclusion that the Na+ ion is important in hypertension. These include dietary and epidemiological studies, studies on the isolated cells and tissues of hypertensive subjects, and the association of the genetic predisposition to hypertension with abnormalities of cellular Na+ handling. In isolated cells, the most convincing abnormalities have been shown in the Na+ pump, where there is also evidence of a circulating inhibitor of the pump in essential hypertension, although the nature of the agent is still uncertain. The genetic association between essential hypertension and Na+ transport is best represented by alterations in Na(+)-Li+ countertransport in hypertensive subjects and their near relatives, although interpretation is rendered more complex by the influence of nongenetic factors on this system. The demonstrated differences between hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects in the cellular handling of Na+ have not been integrated into a totally convincing explanation of the ultimate mechanism of the condition. Attention has focused on the possible mechanisms whereby an increase in intracellular Na+ may increase the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ in the vascular smooth muscle, which is presumed to be a necessary precondition to a chronically elevated peripheral vascular resistance.
Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine: A Textbook for Students and Doctors
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1985)

At one time during its 33 years of existence,<i>Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine</i>was the best selling textbook of internal medicine in the world. Its coverage of tropical diseases was said to be especially useful. The 14th edition has now appeared and is a worthy volume in the succession. The editor, John G. Macleod, is a former chief of medicine at Edinburgh. All 26 authors are British and 17 are currently located in Edinburgh. This is not a comprehensive treatment of internal medicine à la Harrison, Cecil, or Stein, but a medium-sized usable textbook comparable to such texts as Wilkins and Levinsky or Kaye and Rose. The editor states that his primary objective has been to provide "a rational and easily comprehensible basis for the practice of medicine." His audience consists of "medical students, both undergraduate and post-graduate." I think he has succeeded in his goal as well
Phase 1 study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA]) in patients with advanced leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hui Yang, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Jorge Cortes, William G. Wierda, Stefan Faderl, Charles Koller, Gail Morris, Gary Rosner, Andrey Loboda, Valeria R. Fantin, Sophia S. Randolph, James S. Hardwick, John F. Reilly, Cong Chen, Justin L. Ricker, J. Paul Secrist, Victoria M. Richon, Stanley R. Frankel, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2007)
Use of Tranexamic Acid in Control of Haemorrhage after Extraction of Teeth in Haemophilia and Christmas Disease
Authors: R. W. H. Tavenner
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Bleeding after dental extraction was controlled with tranexamic acid in 19 patients with haemophilia and 3 with Christmas disease. The results were slightly better than those obtained with aminocaproic acid; the dose used was smaller; and side effects were few.
Heterogeneity in extracellular potassium concentration during early myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion: implications for arrhythmogenesis
Authors: R. Coronel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Heterogeneity in extracellular potassium concentration during early myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion: implications for arrhythmogenesis Get access Ruben Coronel Ruben Coronel Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Dr R Coronel. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 770–777, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.770 Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Received: 01 October 1993 Accepted: 13 December 1993 Published: 01 June 1994