tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kt/V on survival and clinical outcome in CAPD patients in a randomized prospective study
Authors: Wai-Kei Lo, Yiu-Wing Ho, Chun-Sang Li, Kin-Shing Wong, Tak-Mao Chan, Alex Wai-Yin Yu, Flora So-King Ng, Ignatius Kum-Po Cheng
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Letter by Tomaselli and Holmes Regarding Article, “2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease”
Authors: Gordon F. Tomaselli, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (2012)
First case of locally acquired chikungunya is reported in US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Florida man has contracted the first case of locally acquired chikungunya infection identified in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported Thursday 17 July.

Infections with the mosquito-borne virus were first identified in the western hemisphere on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin seven months ago. Since then the infection has been identified in 23 countries in the western hemisphere. Most cases have been reported in five places: the Dominican Republic, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, and Saint Martin.

The virus was first identified in Africa in Tanzania in 1952. Since then …
Review: Levonorgestrel IU system, OCPs, and antifibrinolytics each reduce bleeding in endometrial dysfunction
Authors: Robert P. Kauffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Matteson KA, Rahn DD, Wheeler TL 2nd, et al; Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group. Nonsurgical management of heavy menstrual bleeding: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121:632-43. 23635628
Fate in intermittent claudication: outcome and risk factors.
Authors: R Jelnes, O Gaardsting, K Hougaard Jensen, N Baekgaard, K H Tonnesen, T Schroeder
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The fate of 257 consecutive patients (100 women) aged 36-85 years (mean 65) first seen with intermittent claudication in 1977 was analysed after a mean of 6.5 (SD 0.5) years. When first seen none of the patients complained of rest pain or had ulcers or gangrenous lesions on the feet. At follow up 113 of the patients (44%) had died. Causes of death were no different from those in the general population. Mortality was twice that of the general population matched for age and sex. Mortality among the men was twice that among the women. In men under 60 mortality was four times that expected. The rate of clinical progression of the arteriosclerotic disease (that is, rest pain or gangrene) of the worst affected leg was 7.5% in the first year after referral. Thereafter the rate was 2.2% a year. An ankle systolic blood pressure below 70 mm Hg, a toe systolic blood pressure below 40 mm Hg, or an ankle/arm pressure index below 50% were individually significantly associated with progression of the arteriosclerotic disease. These findings show the importance of peripheral blood pressure measurements in the management of patients with intermittent claudication due to arteriosclerotic disease.
Quantifying the proportion of severe asthma exacerbations attributable to inhaled corticosteroid nonadherence
Authors: L. Keoki Williams, Edward L. Peterson, Karen Wells, Brian K. Ahmedani, Rajesh Kumar, Esteban G. Burchard, Vimal K. Chowdhry, David Favro, David E. Lanfear, Manel Pladevall
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Cellular Dynamics of EGF Receptor–Targeted Synthetic Viruses
Authors: Karla de Bruin, Nadia Ruthardt, Katharina von Gersdorff, Ralf Bausinger, Ernst Wagner, Manfred Ogris, Christoph Bräuchle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed on a high percentage of human carcinomas. EGFR is an attractive therapeutic target for tissue-specific targeting by non-viral vectors in cancer gene therapy. In this study we analyzed and compared the effects of EGFR-targeted and untargeted polyplexes in respect to internalization into EGFR overexpressing HuH7 cells. Uptake kinetics and internalization dynamics were evaluated by flow cytometry and single-particle tracking. Our results clearly show that EGFR targeting leads to faster and more efficient internalization compared with untargeted particles. After 5 minutes 50% of the EGFR-targeted polyplexes were internalized, whereas untargeted polyplexes reached only approximately 20% internalization even after 20 minutes. In addition, single-particle tracking revealed a three-phase dynamics of the internalization process, and this was generally observed for polyplexes independent of targeting. Phase I was characterized by slow, actin cytoskeleton-mediated movement of the particles with drift, and included the internalization process. During phase II particles displayed increased velocities with normal and confined diffusion in the cytoplasm. Phase III was characterized by fast active transport along microtubules. Targeting of polyplexes for receptor-mediated endocytosis by the EGFR resulted in shortening of phase I and strongly accelerated internalization.
Satellite sequence turnover in parthenogenetic systems: the apomictic triploid hybrid Bacillus lynceorum (Insecta, Phasmatodea)
Authors: B. Mantovani
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

In the genus Bacillus (Insecta, Phasmatodea) the Bag320 satellite DNA family is present in the bisexual B. grandii and in the related automictic nonhybrid B. atticus; it is lacking in the other bisexual taxon of the genus, B. rossius. This family of highly repeated sequences was analyzed for 11 populations of the apomictic triploid hybrid B. lynceorum. In the neighbor-joining dendrogram, B. lynceorum nucleotide sequences distribute, regardless of geographical origin, among two clusters, one also including all clones of the three B. atticus races, and the other including sequences of the B. grandii grandii subspecies. Thus, B. lynceorum is a trihybrid taxon: as the molecular approach definitively demonstrates, it embodies one haploid complement each of both B. grandii grandii and B. atticus, which must be added to that of B. rossius. The contribution of the latter species has already been assessed on karyological and allozymic grounds. A statistical analysis performed on p-distances shows that for the parental taxa, nucleotide substitution values are of comparable magnitudes at the population level but differ at the subspecific level, being higher for the bisexual taxon. In the apomictic hybrid, atticus- and grandii grandii- like sequences coexist with significantly different p-distance values. For three clones, the nucleotide compositions at the diagnostic loci suggest that gene conversion can occur between atticus- and grandii grandii-like monomers. On the whole, this supports bisexuality as a driving force in variant fixation and suggests that in Bacillus, different gametogenetic processes and different origins of the unisexuals are mirrored in genomic turnover rates of satellite DNA.
Modulation of vascular development and injury by angiotensin II
Authors: H Hutchinson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: To examine the exact profile of expression and to determine the functional significance of the angiotensin II (Ang II), type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors during rat aortic development and following rat carotid artery balloon injury. Methods: AT1 and AT2 mRNA levels in rat aortae were measured using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. Ang II receptor function was assessed by quantitating the effects of AT1 (DuP753) and AT2 (PD123319) receptor antagonists during these processes. Results: During aortic development, AT1 expression was detected on gestational day 14, increased until embryonic day 16 (E16), after which, levels were similar throughout postnatal development. Conversely, AT2 mRNA first appeared at E16, reached maximal levels between E19 and neonatal day 1, and decreased thereafter. DNA synthesis rates decreased with aortic development (high at E15, 73.8±3.1%; dropping to 37.5±2.3% by E21). Whereas AT1 receptor antagonism accelerated this developmentally regulated decrease in DNA synthesis, AT2 receptor antagonism blunted this decrease. Because activated adult medial smooth muscle cells express a neonatal phenotype after vascular injury, we assessed Ang II receptor levels and function after carotid artery balloon injury. Both receptor subtypes increased; however, AT2 receptor mRNA expression peaked earlier than AT1 (48 to 72 h after injury). As with aortic development, DNA synthesis occurring between 24 to 48 h after injury (when AT2 receptors constitute 10% of the Ang II receptor population) decreased in DuP753-treated animals and increased in PD123319-treated animals. Conclusion: These results indicate that Ang II receptors play a role in vascular development by promoting opposing effects on vascular smooth muscle cell growth.
CARDIAC LESIONS AS OBSERVED IN THE NEGRO, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PERICARDITIS.
Authors: FRANK A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In that class of colored people who come as patients to my outdoor clinic, syphilis, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea in a great measure constitute the trinity of diseases. It must then follow that renal, pulmonary and cardiac lesions are quite frequently observed, and constitute a field rich and ripe for the student of clinical medicine and physical diagnosis. In studying cardiac lesions in the negro, I have found that their classification and relative frequency does not correspond to those in the whites, as described by our text-books on physical diagnosis. Briefly, I shall direct your attention to these lesions and as they occur in the negro. Our text-books teach that mitral regurgitation is the most frequent of all cardiac valvular lesions, and that in 50 per cent, of cases it follows as a sequel of endocarditis, the results of acute inflammatory rheumatism. This rule, however, does not hold good in the
alpha Fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer with liver metastasis: report of three cases.
Authors: Y C Chang, N Nagasue, S Abe, H Kohno, D D Kumar, T Nakamura
Journal: Gut (1991)

Three cases of alpha fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer are presented. Liver metastases occurred in all patients shortly after curative gastrectomy and all died within two years. The incidence of liver metastasis was significantly higher than that in alpha fetoprotein negative early gastric carcinoma (p less than 0.001). The incidences of lymph node metastasis and invasion in lymph vessels and veins were also substantially higher in this group of patients. Two radical hepatic resections, including extended right lobectomy, were performed on one patient but the tumour recurred immediately.
SIR WILLIAM WILLCOX
Authors: Richard H. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journalof September 20 your London correspondent reported the death of Sir William Willcox and referred to his skill as a toxicologist, his great experience in forensic medicine, his connection with the Crippen case and his knowledge of chemical pathology, and mentioned his most important writings. He said nothing of his extraordinary and gallant services in the British army in one of its most terrible, fantastic but finally successful campaigns in World War I, that in Mesopotamia, from 1914 until after the official end of the war. The campaign was fought by what was officially the Indian, not the British, army—the Indian army composed of white British and native Indians. It was, of course, a part of the British forces but was really the Indian army, sent from India. The Mesopotamian War was a dreadfully difficult affair, replete with every kind of tragedy. In the
Abstract C10: Tumor necrosis factor is necessary but not sufficient for castration-induced prostate regression
Authors: Jennifer S. Davis, Kent L. Nastiuk
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract TNF, a pro-inflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokine, is a potent apoptotic stimulus in vitro. There are few examples of a physiologic role for TNF induced apoptosis in vivo, but here we describe a novel role for TNF in prostate epithelial cell apoptosis following androgen withdrawal. We demonstrate, using high resolution serial MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to measure mouse prostate volume changes over time, that castration induced prostate regression is significantly reduced in mice null for either the Tnf or Tnfr1 genes, but not mice deficient for TRAIL or Fas signaling. Wild type mice treated with soluble TNFR2 (to bind TNF and block signaling) prior to castration showed a similar reduction. Additionally, consistent with a paracrine role for TNF in prostate regression, membrane-bound TNF protein and stromal cell specific TNF mRNA levels increase in rat prostate following castration. Injection of soluble TNF restores normal levels of prostate regression of Tnf −/− mice. Together, these data indicate that uniquely among these extrinsic death signals, TNF is required for castration induced prostate regression. However, wild type mice receiving soluble TNF in the absence of castration do not exhibit prostate regression, indicating that TNF alone is not sufficient, but acts in the context of additional castration induced signals. A preliminary investigation using ALK5 inhibitors prior to castration suggests that TGFβ signaling may also be important. Understanding the physiologic role for TNF, and the interaction with other signaling pathways active in prostate regression following androgen withdrawal may lead to novel therapies for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jennifer S. Davis, Kent L. Nastiuk. Tumor necrosis factor is necessary but not sufficient for castration-induced prostate regression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C10.
AIDS and the Nervous System
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Although the blood-brain barrier protects the major portion of the nervous system from the buffeting winds of opportunistic infection, the central nervous system (CNS) is not immune to the consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among the most common opportunistic infections defining the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are two with special propensity for the CNS: toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Over the one and a half decades that have marked the AIDS pandemic, many infections and other conditions have been observed to have a particular tropism for the nervous system. We are now familiar with such previous rarities as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, cytomegaloviral retinitis and encephalitis, and primary CNS lymphoma. Indeed, it is unusual for a patient with HIV infection to escape neural damage from HIV or from one or more opportunistic infections or neoplasms. As
Combination of Colonoscopy and Clip Application with Angiography to Mark Vascular Malformation in the Small Intestine
Authors: S. Gölder, M. Strotzer, S. Grüne, C. Zülke, J. Schölmerich, H. Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Figure 1 A 55-year-old woman was admitted with chronic recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Previous examinations, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, during an active bleeding episode, revealed no bleeding site. Angiography showed a vascular malformation in projection to the right sided colon or neoterminal ileum (arrow).
Head and neck cancer--Part 2: Treatment and prognostic factors
Authors: H. Mehanna, C. M. L. West, C. Nutting, V. Paleri
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

In this second of a two part series, we discuss recent advances in the management of cancers of the head and neck. We also discuss the important prognostic factors, including the importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in the newly discovered HPV related cancers of the head and neck. As before, we have used evidence from national guidelines, randomised trials, and level II-III studies. We have also limited our discussions to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which constitutes more than 85% of head and neck cancers.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We used the terms “head and neck”, “larynx”, “oral”, and “oropharynx”—with each limited by “cancer”, “diagnosis”, and “treatment” separately—to search the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and AMED databases. We also used them to cross check national guidelines, reference lists, textbooks, and personal reference lists. We assessed over 1000 identified abstracts for relevance.

### Site and TNM stage

The most important prognostic factors are site and TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) stage. The table⇓ details the survival rates of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer at different sites. Patients with tumours that are larger and have spread to nodes and other tissues have poorer survival. Guidelines for head and neck carcinomas from the Royal College of Pathologists state that other accepted features related to clinical outcome are grade, pattern of invasion, …
Hazardous solid waste from agriculture.
Authors: R C Loehr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Large quantities of food processing, crop, forestry, and animal solid wastes are generated in the United States each year. The major components of these wastes are biodegradable. However, they also contain components such as nitrogen, human and animal pathogens, medicinals, feed additives, salts, and certain metals, that under uncontrolled conditions can be detrimental to aquatic, plant, animal, or human life. The most common method of disposal of these wastes is application to the land. Thus the major pathways for transmission of hazards are from and through the soil. Use of these wastes as animal feed also can be a pathway. While at this time there are no crises associated with hazardous materials in agricultural solid wastes, the potential for problems should not be underestimated. Manpower and financial support should be provided to obtain more detailed information in this area, esepcially to better delineate transport and dispersal and to determine and evaluate risks.
The "Most-Significant-Other" In the Care of the Breast Cancer Patient
Authors: C. C. Gates
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

Most-significant-others can play a major role in helping breast cancer patients live stable, productive, and esteemed lives. Physicians are urged to respect and exercise their clinical judgment on the emotional makeup of the patient, the most-significant-other, and their relationship, and to instruct them according to their needs and capacities. Supportive roles include mobilizing social support; monitoring the patient's return to daily living; being with her during treatments, both physically and emotionally; and understanding her instinctive requests for assistance through double-bind and other difficult communication. Most-significant-others can be an extension of the physician's common sense and clinical care to the degree that they are able and willing to perform this important role.
MULTIPLE RUPTURE OF THE CHOROID.
Authors: J. WHITEFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Johnny T., aged 11, while playing ball, Sept. 30, 1901, about 2:30 p. m., was struck in the left eye by a small hard rubber-ball. His playmate threw the ball at a distance of 25 or 30 feet. The blow was of sufficient force to knock the patient to the ground. Patient became sick, turned pale, and vomited three or four times; sickness lasted until 5 p. m., after which time he became drowsy. Vision of injured eye was entirely lost at time of accident. On October 1 pupil was dilated, some pain and tenderness on gentle pressure; he could see a little better than the day before. On October 2 he consulted me; vision was not so distinct as on the previous day; he could see only the shadow of a hand passed before the eye. Pupil was dilated, long axis in 60th meridian. Tension was lowered. Ophthalmoscopic examination
Diphenylhydantoin and Arrhythmias
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Apropos the editorial, Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sodium Diphenylhydantoin—An Appraisal ( 201 :142, 1967), I wish to draw to your attention the observation that when phenobarbital is combined with diphenylhydantoin the cardiac antiarrhythmic activity is potentiated. Although this observation was published 17 years ago, 1 the combination appears not to have been evaluated by cardiologists, although traditionally used in the treatment of certain central nervous system arrhythmias.
Treatment trials in ankylosing spondylitis: current and future considerations
Authors: D van der Heijde, J Braun, D McGonagle, J Siegel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Emerging treatment options in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are giving new hope to patients with this chronic and potentially disabling disease. Clinical development of new treatments requires that rigorous and well controlled trials be conducted to demonstrate safety and efficacy. A number of classification systems have been developed in recent years as a result of enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of AS. Although new outcome measures have been developed and a consensus has been reached on the use of assessment instruments in clinical trials, there is still need for improvement and implementation. The ASsessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) Working Group has addressed some of these dilemmas by establishing a core set of domains for the evaluation of AS and by selecting specific assessment methods for each domain. They have also published improvement criteria for assessing short term improvement with symptom modifying antirheumatic drugs and are presently in the process of developing response criteria for disease controlling antirheumatic treatment. Various experts are also currently examining discrepancies and inadequacies of classification systems for AS. Imaging studies, magnetic resonance imaging, in particular, may provide better classification criteria in the near future. In addition to consensus on outcome assessment and classification of AS, lessons learnt from clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may serve as a template for AS. Guidance provided by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical trials in RA may be of particular use. The FDA has defined the claims that sponsors can receive for RA products and the clinical trial data that would be expected to be submitted to support such claims.
Passing the Baton
Authors: Lois Jovanovič
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Although its gestation has been nearly a decade of devotion, my tenure as an associate editor of Diabetes Care has been a labor of love. During these years, I have been part of the legacy that has created the most important and highly respected journal in clinical obstetrics today in the field of diabetes and pregnancy. The reviewers have partnered in this process, with over 400 Diabetes Care experts now reviewing articles concerning diabetes and pregnancy. They have helped to adjudicate articles, select the best, and edit as needed to make sure that only the highest level of evidence and science is presented to the readers of Diabetes Care .

When I first took on the tasks of associate editor, under the guidance of …
A cell-based fluorescent glucose transporter assay for SGLT2 inhibitor discovery
Authors: Yi Huan, Linyi Li, Quan Liu, Shuainan Liu, Zhufang Shen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is responsible for the majority of glucose reabsorption in the kidney, and currently, SGLT2 inhibitors are considered as promising hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By constructing CHO cell lines that stably express the human SGLT2 transmembrane protein, along with a fluorescent glucose transporter assay that uses 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) as a glucose analog, we have developed a nonradioactive, cell-based assay for the discovery and characterization of SGLT2 inhibitors.