tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Amniotomy on the Risk of Dystocia in Nulliparous Women
Authors: William D. Fraser, Sylvie Marcoux, Jean-Marie Moutquin, Andree Christen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Early amniotomy has been advocated as a means of preventing dystocia, but its efficacy has not been studied prospectively. The purpose of this multicenter study was to determine whether routine early amniotomy reduces the risk of dystocia for nulliparous women in spontaneous labor.
Parathyroid Hormone plus Alendronate — A Combination That Does Not Add Up
Authors: Sundeep Khosla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The past 10 years have witnessed tremendous advances in our ability to treat osteoporosis. The old mainstays of therapy, estrogen and calcitonin, have fallen out of favor because of concern about long-term safety or lack of efficacy. In their wake have come a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (raloxifene), bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate), and most recently, parathyroid hormone. Raloxifene and the bisphosphonates belong to the class of antiresorptive drugs: by inhibiting bone resorption, they prevent further bone loss, and since bone formation and further mineralization continue for some time, these agents also result in moderate increases in bone mineral density. In contrast, . . .
Semantics or pedantry?
Authors: J. Widdicombe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

Naturally in your positions, you are interested in the use of words, as should be your authors and must be your readers. Here are three examples.

This has been with us for decades. It is sometimes accompanied by statistical probability values in parentheses. It literally means “full of meaning or import” 1. Used alone it means the authors are stressing, but not justifying, the scientific …
Role of Vasoconstriction in Experimental Arteriosclerosis
Authors: William H. Gutstein, Jean N. LaTaillade, Leon Lewis
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A method is given for the study of local neuroexcitation with subsequent vasoconstriction and its relationship to experimental arteriosclerosis in unanesthetized animals under normal laboratory conditions. Histological observations of vasoactive areas of stimulated blood vessels in the laboratory rat disclose some of the features observed elsewhere in experimental arteriosclerosis. Possible pathogenic mechanisms relating neurostimulation of autonomic arterial nerves with in situ arteriopathies are discussed.
Road Proximity Increases Risk of Skeletal Abnormalities in Wood Frogs from National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska
Authors: Mari K. Reeves, Christine L. Dolph, Heidi Zimmer, Ronald S. Tjeerdema, Kimberly A. Trust
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Skeletal and eye abnormalities in amphibians are not well understood, and they appear to be increasing while global populations decline. Here, we present the first study of amphibian abnormalities in Alaska.In this study we investigated the relationship between anthropogenic influences and the probability of skeletal and eye abnormalities in Alaskan wood frogs (Rana sylvatica).From 2000 to 2006, we examined 9,269 metamorphic wood frogs from 86 breeding sites on five National Wildlife Refuges: Arctic, Innoko, Kenai, Tetlin, and Yukon Delta. Using road proximity as a proxy for human development, we tested relationships between skeletal and eye abnormalities and anthropogenic effects. We also examined a subsample of 458 frogs for the trematode parasite Ribeiroia ondatrae, a known cause of amphibian limb abnormalities.Prevalence of skeletal and eye abnormalities at Alaskan refuges ranged from 1.5% to 7.9% and were as high as 20% at individual breeding sites. Proximity to roads increased the risk of skeletal abnormalities (p = 0.004) but not eye abnormalities. The only significant predictor of eye abnormalities was year sampled (p = 0.006). R. ondatrae was not detected in any Alaskan wood frogs.Abnormality prevalence at road-accessible sites in the Kenai and Tetlin refuges is among the highest reported in the published literature. Proximity to roads is positively correlated with risk of skeletal abnormalities in Alaskan wood frogs.
Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by aminoglutethimide.
Authors: M McCraken, E A Benson, P Hickling
Journal: BMJ (1980)

children and adults2 infections are often mild, with only upper respiratory tract symptoms.Some are reinfections and also frequently mild illnesses.It is difficult to separate the effects of age and immunity in the expression of the disease.3Studies with adult volunteers show that the usual incubation period is three to seven days,4 and the outbreak we describe had similar incubation periods.The symptomatic attack rate of about 40% seems high, but we were unable to study all the patients who were not ill, and possibly there were further asymptomatic infections, which may account for the apparent long incubation period between the first and subsequent cases.The asymptomatic residents who had titres of 20 and 40 may, in fact, have received a boost to their immune system.Affected patients had illnesses which resembled mild attacks of influenza.Most had received influenza vaccine, and had virological studies not been undertaken the illness might have been ascribed to ineffective vaccines, particularly as the hostel had experienced an outbreak of influenza B infection the year before.In comparison the outbreak of infection with respiratory syncytial virus caused milder illness.
Alterations of <b> <i>p16</i> </b> and Prognosis in Biliary Tract Cancers from a Population-Based Study in China
Authors: Takashi Ueki, Ann W. Hsing, Yu-Tang Gao, Bing-Sheng Wang, Ming-Chang Shen, Jiarong Cheng, Jie Deng, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Asif Rashid
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Biliary tract cancer is an uncommon malignancy with a poor survival rate. We evaluated p16 gene alteration as a prognostic marker for this disease.We studied p16 gene alterations by sequencing, methylation, and loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9p in 118 biliary tract carcinomas, including 68 gallbladder cancers, 33 extrahepatic bile duct cancers, and 17 ampullary cancers. Survival was evaluated in 57 patients with gallbladder carcinomas, 27 with bile duct carcinomas, and 16 with ampullary carcinomas with and without somatic p16 alterations detected by two different methods.p16 gene alterations including silent mutations were present in 61.8% gallbladder cancers, 54.5% bile duct cancers, and 70.6% ampullary cancers. p16 gene nonsilent mutations, p16 methylation, and loss of chromosome 9p21-22 that targets p14, p15, and p16 genes were present in 13 of 53 (24.5%), 8 of 54 (14.8%), and 32 of 44 (72.7%) gallbladder tumors; 5 of 25 (20.0%), 5 of 31 (16.1%), and 12 of 21 (57.1%) bile duct tumors; and 3 of 13 (23.1%), 6 of 15 (40.0%), and 8 of 16 (50.0%) ampullary tumors, respectively. The mean survival of patients with gallbladder cancers without p16 alterations was 21.5 +/- 14.8 months compared with 12.1 +/- 11.4 months for patients with p16 alterations (P = 0.02).Alteration of p16 gene alone or in combination with alterations of other tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9p is a prognostic indicator in gallbladder carcinoma, with more favorable survival rates associated with carcinomas lacking p16 gene alterations.
New insights into small‐molecule inhibitors of Bcr‐Abl
Authors: S. Schenone, O. Bruno, M. Radi, M. Botta
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease associated with a defined genetic abnormality, the Bcr‐Abl fusion gene on the Philadelphia chromosome that expresses the constitutively activated tyrosine kinase (TK) Bcr‐Abl. This enzyme leads to the malignant transformation of primitive hematopoietic cells and to the consequent disease. The central role of Bcr‐Abl in the pathogenesis of CML culminated in the discovery of imatinib (an ATP‐competitive inhibitor), which is currently the frontline therapy for CML. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm generated by its high response rate has been dampened by the development of resistance, especially in the advanced phases of CML. To overcome imatinib resistance, several second‐generation ATP‐competitive inhibitors endowed with increased potency against imatinib‐resistant mutants have been developed: the dual Src/Abl inhibitor dasatinib and the Abl inhibitor nilotinib have been recently approved by US‐FDA for the treatment of imatinib‐resistant CML, and many other compounds are currently in clinical trial. Although second‐generation TK inhibitors have shown to be clinically effective against most of the imatinib‐resistant mutants, to date poor results have been obtained in the treatment of the Bcr‐Abl T315I mutant. In this review we will report the most interesting second‐generation Abl and dual Src/Abl inhibitors recently entered in clinical trial, but also the new ATP‐competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors published in the last few years, focusing on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, and structure–activity relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 31, No. 1, 1–41, 2010
Maintenance of ancestral complexity and non-metazoan genes in two basal cnidarians
Authors: Ulrich Technau, Stephen Rudd, Peter Maxwell, Paul M.K. Gordon, Michael Saina, Lauretta C. Grasso, David C. Hayward, Christoph W. Sensen, Robert Saint, Thomas W. Holstein, Eldon E. Ball, David J. Miller
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2005)
Should women carry their antenatal records?
Authors: J Draper, S Field, H Thomas, M J Hare
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A study of women's views on carrying their medical records during their pregnancy was conducted in Cambridge in 1982. Eighty eight women who were given their full records were compared with a control group of 83 women who carried the traditional cooperation card, both groups answering postal questionnaires about the advantages and disadvantages of carrying their respective records. Most women found advantages in carrying the complete record, although it was too large to carry for practical purposes. Both groups experienced difficulty in understanding what was written on their cards.Eighty-eight pregnant women who were given their full medical records at a Cambridge clinic were compared to 83 patients who carried only the traditional, less detailed card. Seventy-one of those who carried their full records liked the innovation, and 83 thought there were advantages. Forty-four women found it difficult to carry the records, which were too large for easy transport. Only three women worried that the notes would contain something they would not want to know, although 20 in both the experimental and control groups found the notes difficult to understand or worrisome.
Network Integration of Parallel Metabolic and Transcriptional Data Reveals Metabolic Modules that Regulate Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Abhishek K. Jha, Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang, Alexey Sergushichev, Vicky Lampropoulou, Yulia Ivanova, Ekaterina Loginicheva, Karina Chmielewski, Kelly M. Stewart, Juliet Ashall, Bart Everts, Edward J. Pearce, Edward M. Driggers, Maxim N. Artyomov
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Triple Nodal Basin Drainage From a Clavicular Site of Melanoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Lymphatic drainage pattern may be unpredictable during sentinel node evaluation for melanoma of the trunk and head and neck. The authors present a case of right clavicular melanoma with lymphoscintigraphic demonstration of triple nodal basin pathways: ipsilateral drainage to the right axilla and contralateral channels to the left axilla and left posterior triangle of the neck.
Postnatal maturational shift from PKC? and voltage-gated K channels to RhoA/Rho kinase in pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: A COGOLLUDO, L MORENO, F LODI, J TAMARGO, F PEREZVIZCAINO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

The neonate is at high risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, which may reflect a misbalance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents. Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is involved in several forms pulmonary hypertension, but the signaling pathways mediating its pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses during postnatal maturation have not been analyzed. We therefore investigated the role of L-type Ca(2+) channels, protein kinase C (PKC) zeta, voltage-gated K(+) channels (K(V)), and RhoA/Rho kinase in TXA(2)-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction during postnatal maturation.Changes in contractility and intracellular calcium were analyzed in 1 day (newborn) and 2-week-old piglets' pulmonary arteries (PA). K(V) currents were investigated in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique.The contractile responses to the TXA(2) mimetic U46619 were similar at both ages but the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine and a PKCzeta pseudosubstrate inhibitor only attenuated the contraction in newborn PA. K(V) currents were similarly inhibited by U46619, although their density was dramatically reduced in 2-week-old as compared to newborn PA smooth muscle cells. This was consistent with a greater contraction to the K(V) inhibitor, 4-aminopyridine, and with a leftward shift in the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) by U46619 in newborn versus older animals. On the other hand, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 induced a stronger inhibitory effect on the contraction induced by U46619 in 2-week-old than in newborn PA and this was accompanied with minor effects on intracellular calcium levels.TXA(2)-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction involves PKCzeta-K(V)-L-type Ca(2+) channel and RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathways, which are downregulated and upregulated, respectively, during postnatal maturation. The different contribution of these pathways could be of relevant importance for the vasodilator therapy choice in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Expanding our knowledge of conditions associated with the ASXL gene family
Authors: Bianca Russell, John M Graham
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

Genome-wide sequencing has identified de novo truncating mutations in ASXL3 in four patients with intellectual disability, feeding problems and distinctive facial features. Their presentation resembles that of Bohring-Opitz syndrome, which is associated with de novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1. This newly defined phenotype provides an important clinical resource for comparison with future cases in which mutations are found in ASXL3. The phenotypes for patients with mutations in each gene will undoubtedly be further delineated as more patients are reported.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in African Americans
Authors: Deepak K. Gupta, Amil M. Shah, Davide Castagno, Madoka Takeuchi, Laura R. Loehr, Ervin R. Fox, Kenneth R. Butler, Thomas H. Mosley, Dalane W. Kitzman, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Effectiveness of Switching Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Susan M. Essock, Nancy H. Covell, Sonia M. Davis, T. Scott Stroup, Robert A. Rosenheck, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Changing antipsychotics is common despite the dearth of information on risks and benefits associated with medication changes. The authors examined phase 1 findings from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study to explore whether it was more advantageous to continue taking the medication being received at baseline or to switch to a different antipsychotic.First, for patients randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine (N=314) or risperidone (N=321), the authors assessed the impact of being assigned to stay with the medication they were receiving at entry into the study versus being assigned to switch to these medications from a different antipsychotic. Second, for patients whose baseline antipsychotic was olanzapine (N=319), risperidone (N=271), or quetiapine (N=94), the authors examined the impact of being randomly assigned to stay with the same antipsychotic versus switch. Finally, the authors assessed the impact of removing the data of 209 patients whose random assignment was to stay with their baseline antipsychotic. The authors followed analysis strategies for CATIE; primary outcome was time until all-cause treatment discontinuation.Individuals randomly assigned to olanzapine and risperidone who were continuing with their baseline medication had significantly longer times until discontinuation than did those assigned to switch antipsychotics. When these "stayers" were removed, differences seen in the original CATIE phase 1 analyses were attenuated, although the original pattern of results remained.Comparisons of medication effectiveness should take into account whether medications being compared were each newly initiated. Further, unless the clinical situation requires a medication change, prescribers may want to take steps to optimize current medication regimens (e.g., dosage adjustments, behavioral or psychosocial interventions) before switching medications.
Delta-like 4 Notch Ligand Regulates Tumor Angiogenesis, Improves Tumor Vascular Function, and Promotes Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Ji-Liang Li, Richard C.A. Sainson, Wen Shi, Russell Leek, Laura S. Harrington, Matthias Preusser, Swethajit Biswas, Helen Turley, Emily Heikamp, Johannes A. Hainfellner, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis. However, clinical trials targeting the VEGF pathway are often ineffective, suggesting that other factors/pathways are also important in tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) is up-regulated in tumor vasculature. Here, we show that DLL4, when expressed in tumor cells, functions as a negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis by reducing the number of blood vessels in all five types of xenografts, but acts as a positive driver for tumor growth in two of them (human glioblastoma and prostate cancer). The growth of in vivo models was not related to the effects on growth in vitro. DLL4 expressed in the tumor cells activated Notch signaling in host stromal/endothelial cells, increased blood vessel size, and improved vascular function within tumors. The promotion of tumor growth was, to some extent, due to a reduction of tumor hypoxia and apoptosis. DLL4-expressing tumor cells responded to anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab. A soluble form of DLL4 (D4ECD-Fc) blocked tumor growth in both bevacizumab-sensitive and bevacizumab-resistant tumors by disrupting vascular function despite increased tumor vessel density. In addition, we show that DLL4 is up-regulated in tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells of human glioblastoma. Our findings provide a rational basis for the development of novel antiangiogenic strategies via blockade of DLL4/Notch signaling and suggest that combined approaches for interrupting both DLL4 and VEGF pathways may improve antiangiogenic therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11244–53]
Controlled trials of PUVA and etretinate for psoriasis
Authors: Margaret Corbett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Controlled trials of PUVA and etretinate for psoriasis Get access Margaret Corbett Margaret Corbett University of Wales College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 1, 1 January 1985, Pages 121–122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02301.x Published: 01 January 1985
Is pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis synonymous with verrucous carcinoma?
Authors: R.C. BELJAARDS, E. DIJK, R. HAUSMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Two cases of pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis are presented and their clinical and histological features are discussed. This rare condition of the glans penis was originally thought to be benign, but more recent evidence indicates that the lesion is a manifestation of verrucous carcinoma. Consequently, the treatment of choice is excision with a wide margin. We suggest the new name, micaceous and verrucous malignant balanitis.
Gastric Stump Cancer: Etiopathological and Clinical Aspects
Authors: R. Pointner, G. Schwab, A. Königsrainer, E. Bodner, K. W. Schmid
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Between 1959 and 1987, at the Innsbruck University Hospital, 359 cases of carcinoma were diagnosed in the gastric remnant. While until 1975 in 203 patients suffering from stump carcinoma the tumor stages T3 and T4 were significantly prevalent, a strong tendency towards the less advanced tumor stages T1 and T2 was observed in the last decade. Among 94 patients operated on since 1981 the tumor was located at the anastomosis in all but 5 cases, suggesting a strong connection between previous resection and stump carcinoma. In accordance with Lauren's classification no difference was found in the incidence of intestinal and diffuse lesions in 94 cases with stump carcinoma - in contrast to 69 cases of patients with a non-resected stomach. An analysis of the occurrence of acidity, atrophic gastritis and bacterial invasion in 70 patients with previous Billroth II resection and 30 patients with Billroth I resection, revealed no difference between the two types of resection. Gastric remnant carcinoma does not occur exclusively in the Billroth II remnant, but, increasingly, following Billroth I operations. The finding of a statistically highly significant increase at the 5 % level using standard χ2-technique for a 2 × 5 table in stump carcinomas following Billroth I resections supports the thesis that there is no difference in the etiopathology of carcinogenesis in the Billroth I as compared with the Billroth II remnant.
Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease.
Authors: T Feizi
Journal: Gut (1968)

The association of high gamma globulin levels with hepatic cirrhosis is well known. Since gamma globulin levels to a great extent reflect antibodylike protein levels, the hyperglobulinaemia in chronic liver disease, which is associated with an increased turnover rate (Cohen, 1963), is likely to be part of an immunological response. Antibodies reacting with cell nuclei (Doniach, Roitt, Walker, and Sherlock, 1966), mitochondria (Walker, Doniach, Roitt, and Sherlock, 1965; Doniach et al., 1966), smooth muscle (Johnson, Holborow, and Glynn, 1965), renal glomeruli (Whittingham, Mackay, and Irwin, 1966), and biliary canaliculi (Johnson, Holborow, and Glynn, 1966) are probably only a few of the pathological antibodies produced in chronic liver disease. The serum gamma globulins include the immunoglobulin components known as IgG, IgA, IgM (Bull. W.H.O., 1964), and IgD (Rowe and Fahey, 1965), and methods are now available for their distinction and measurement (Fahey and McKelvey, 1965). These components have therefore been studied both to observe the patterns of change in liver disease and to ascertain if the changes might be of diagnostic value. Previous reports on serum immunoglobulins in small numbers of patients with chronic liver disease have suggested an association between high serum IgM and primary biliary cirrhosis (Paronetto, Schaffner, and Popper, 1964; McKelvey and Fahey, 1965; Hobbs, 1966), high serum IgA and alcoholic cirrhosis (McKelvey and Fahey, 1965; Lee, 1965), and depressed levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in Wilson's disease (McKelvey and Fahey, 1965).