tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MEDICOLEGAL RELATIONS OF TRAUMATIC NERVOUS AFFECTIONS.
Authors: JAMES HENDRIE LLOYD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The text for my present paper is the following case: J. C., a colored woman, aged 53 years, in good health, without any personal history of alcoholism or syphilis, fell in the dark down a flight of stairs. She could not tell how she struck, or where she was injured, but she was immediately paralyzed in her arms, body and legs. There was no loss of consciousness. The accident occurred on April 9, 1899, and the patient was taken to a large general hospital, from which she was discharged unimproved in a few days for lack of accommodation. There was no history of her condition during these few days except that she was paralyzed as above mentioned. On April 14—five days after the accident—she was admitted into my wards at the Philadelphia Hospital. On admission her condition was as follows: <h3>Motion.</h3> —There was complete paralysis in all the extremities. Power
Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Consuelo M. Beck-Sague
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "AMA Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines Concerning Child Abuse and Neglect"<sup>1</sup>provided a useful reference in this area. However, some errors of omission and commission, as well as some limitations in our current knowledge about the true prevalence of child abuse and neglect, should be noted. <h3>Signs of Sexual Abuse.—</h3> At times, the sexually abused child will be initially seen as a patient with urinary, genital, perineal, or anal symptoms. Since the diagnosis of sexual abuse is often dependent on a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease,<sup>2</sup>it is important to include in this section, entities of proved sexual transmission and exclude or qualify less specific indicators. In the section entitled "Physical Signs of Sexual Abuse," recurrent urinary tract infections and candidiasis were included as possible indicators of sexual abuse. While these certainly can coexist with sexual activity, the frequent occurrence of these
Common Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes of Fibrinogen Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Chains Affect Fibrinogen Levels and the Response to Proinflammatory Stimulation in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Bénédicte Jacquemin, Charalambos Antoniades, Fredrik Nyberg, Estel Plana, Martina Müller, Sonja Greven, Veikko Salomaa, Jordi Sunyer, Tom Bellander, Alexandros-Georgios Chalamandaris, Ricardo Pistelli, Wolfgang Koenig, Annette Peters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Rationale and Application of Fatty Acid Oxidation Inhibitors in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: James E Foley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

There are elevated fatty acid levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that are due to diminished insulin action in inhibiting fatty acid release from adipocytes. Insulin therapy and other inhibitors of fatty acid release from adipocytes (e.g., nicotinic acid) suppress these elevated fatty acid levels and bring about a reduction in hyperglycemia. One mechanism by which fatty acids may be causal in hyperglycemia is in stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver in the postabsorptive state. Another mechanism is in attenuating glucose disposal in skeletal muscle in the fed state. Potential nonglycemia-related effects of fatty acids are in substrate utilization in the heart and lipid synthesis in the liver. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is useful in reducing hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose production in humans. However, there is less evidence that such inhibition can be useful in increasing glucose utilization in muscle, as predicted by the Randle hypothesis. This, coupled with potential adverse effects on heart muscle, make liver targeting of fatty acid oxidation inhibitors an important factor in their potential for development. Although such agents have advantageous effects on lipid metabolism, overdosing can lead to adverse liver lipid effects via the same mechanism. These adverse liver lipid effects could be minimized by development of reversible inhibitors that allow fatty acid oxidation to occur only during the overnight fast. The potential usefulness of such agents is evident; however, no drug that meets these objectives has been developed.
906 ROMIPLOSTIM'S EFFECT TO OPTIMIZE SVR WITH TELAPRAVIR, RIBAVIRIN, AND PEG INTERFERON-alfa 2a IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC CIRRHOTICS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. RESTRAINT C- PLACEBO RCT
Authors: P.P. Basu, R. Siriki, N.J. Shah, S. Farhat, K. Mittimani, S. Atluri, M. Rahaman, R.S. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Functional Affections of the Heart
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1859)

JOURNAxthe instruments and regulate the pressure.This may be ex.erted by some firm body, by compression, by a spring or elastic substance; but the only way to produce a perfectly uniform amount of pressure at all times is to employ gravity-the plan mainly relied upon in this case.This is the chief advantage in Dr. Carte's appartus.Cases of popliteal and femoral aneurism occur in the pro- portion of about seven to one; and forty times in males to one in females.They are generally found in persons between 20 and 40 years of age.Sir A. Cooper records an unique case of popliteal aneurism, in a man of 80.The length of time during which pressure has been successfully applied varies much: thus, in thirteen cases, it was from seven hours to as many ,days; and in four cases, from seventy to ninety-three days.I t r i naJ nnmmunirations.FUNCTIONAL AFFECTIONS OF THE HEART.By C. M. DuNAxT, M.D., one of the Physicians to the East Suffolk and Ipswich Hospital.CASES of this class are constantly presenting themselves to the notice of the physician, whether engaged in hospital orin private practice.In the agricultural districts, the labourer, as well as the anasmie girl, become equally prone to the attack; and in no class of individuals does it assume more severity, or give rise to greater apprehension as to the result, than in the case of the medical practitioner, who is naturally disposed to dwra unfa- vourable surmises from symptoms obtaining in his own person.Among the labouring portion of the agricultural class, the chief cause giving rise to functional irritability of the heart's action is disturbance of the digestive organs; and this oc- curring especially in those whose labours are of a solitary kind, i. c., where the individual chiefly works without companions.Among these are the shepherd, the gardener, the bedger, the on 14 July
REVERSAL OF HEPATIC COMA BY BENZODIAZEPINE ANTAGONIST (Ro 15-1788)
Authors: G. Scollo-Lavizzari, E. Steinmann, G. Bansky, P.J. Meier, W.H. Ziegler, H. Walser, M. Schmid, M. Huber
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Four early clinical studies to assess the effects of Peruvian bark
Authors: Andreas-Holger Maehle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

From the late seventeenth century onwards, in vitro and animal
experimentation, chemical tests and microscopical observation, and the
analysis of single case histories were used to understand the pharmacology
and therapeutic properties of the Peruvian bark. Four examples illustrate how
“clinical experiments” with the bark were made during the last third of the
eighteenth century: in a hospital, the army, the navy, and finally in private
practice.
Comparison of Subgroup Analyses of PFS from Three Phase III Studies of Bevacizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).
Authors: J. O'Shaughnessy, V. Dieras, J. Glaspy, A. Brufsky, K. Miller, D. Miles, P. Koralewski, S. Phan, S. Bhattacharya
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundThree multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III trials of taxane (T), or capecitabine (Cape), or anthracycline (Anth) chemotherapy plus or minus bevacizumab (B) established that the addition of B improves progression-free survival (PFS). Outcomes in clinically important subsets are important to demonstrate the consistency of treatment effect and may guide physicians when considering treatment options for patients. Here we compare various clinically relevant subgroups across three studies to assess the activity of B in patients for these subgroups.MethodsResults for PFS based upon investigator assessments were used from all trials. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate median PFS for chemo+placebo and chemo+B for patient subgroups from the E2100, AVADO, and RIBBON-1 studies. For the overall study results, stratified hazard ratios (HRs) are presented with the same stratification factors as the variables that were used for the randomization, while unstratified HRs are presented here for the subgroups.ResultsIn all 3 studies we observed an improvement in PFS upon addition of B to chemotherapy. For patients with triple-negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-) tumors, the addition of B led to an increase in median PFS (mPFS) from 4.7 mo to 10.2 mo (HR=0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.61) in E2100, from 6.0 to 8.1 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.39-0.92); from 4.2 to 6.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.72, 95% CI, 0.49-1.06); and from 8.2 to 14.5 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.78, 95% CI, 0.53-1.15).For patients ≥65 yr, the addition of B led to an increase in mPFS from 7.4 to 10.4 mo (HR=0.69, 95% CI, 0.46-1.03) in E2100, from 7.6 to 8.4 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.62, 95% CI, 0.36-1.08); from 6.2 to 9.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.69, 95% CI, 0.47-1.02); and from 8.5 to 10.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.83, 95% CI, 0.52-1.34).For patients who had received prior adjuvant T, the addition of B led to an increase in mPFS from 4.4 to 13.3. mo in E2100 (HR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.19-0.46), 6.6 to 8.5 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77), 4.2 to 8.7 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84); and from 6.7 to 9.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.09).ConclusionsAlthough the addition of bevacizumab consistently improved mPFS across a number of clinically relevant subsets, regardless of the chemotherapy backbone used, absolute improvements in HRs and median PFS varied within subsets and across the three trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 207.
The Elimination of Body Resonance Distortion from the Direct-Body Ballistocardiogram
Authors: MICHAEL TOBIN, JOHN N. EDSON, ROBERT DICKES, GERALD H. FLAMM, LAWRENCE DEUTSCH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A simple method of obtaining a force ballistocardiogram has been presented. This type of tracing has been derived from the direct-body ballistocardiogram by electrically filtering out body resonance distortion. The resultant force tracings appear to be closely related to cardiovascular events.
Steroid treatment in giant cell arteritis.
Authors: R J Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1979)

the bacteriological findings correlate well with those in that condition.The normal cell count in the CSF is rare in tuberculosis of the central nervous system but may occur.'-3We think that a positive culture for M tuberculosis might be a more common finding, were one to look for it, and that the possible tuberculous nature of meningitis should not be discarded because of benign presentation only.
The Future Course of AIDS in the United States
Authors: Meade Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In recent years, many individuals have developed models to predict the future course of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic at the local, state, and national levels. The number of forecasters and resulting projections reflects not only the complexity and uncertainties in predicting the epidemic, but also the critical importance of such estimates.<sup>1</sup>Many health care policies are based on these forecasts, which influence the scope and direction of both public and private initiatives related to HIV. Overall, the number of reported cases of AIDS in the United States continues to increase. During 1989, 35 238 cases were reported, for a yearly increase of 9.4% over the 32 196 cases reported during 1988. This increase is lower than in past years, partly because of the large number of previously diagnosed cases reported in 1988 that met only the expanded AIDS case definition.<sup>2</sup>However, even after
Chronic monarticular synovitis. Diagnostic and prognostic features.
Authors: M R Fletcher, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Data have been analysed from a retrospective review of 151 patients with monarthritis of more than 3 months9 duration, usually involving the knee joint. The largest group, 49 patients (32%), had synovitis of unknown cause, 44 (29%) had synovitis probably associated with osteoarthrosis and 13 (9%) were diagnosable at presentation as having rheumatoid arthritis according to American Rheumatism Association (1959) criteria, which include serological and histological findings. There was only one case of tuberculous synovitis. Twelve of the thirteen patients diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis developed involvement in other joints. In most other conditions, however, including synovitis of uknown cause, the prognosis was favourable, with either improvement or complete remission.
ORDINAL POSITION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: RALPH M. PATTERSON, THORNTON WOODWARD ZEIGLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

From this study it appears that sibling position plays no important part in the development of schizophrenia. There is some evidence to show that the stress to which the middle child is subjected may increase the incidence of the disorder in children occupying this ordinal position. The only child is not subjected to sibling stress and is accordingly slightly less likely to develop schizophrenia. The study as a whole indicates that this disorder is prone to occur in a certain characteristic personality pattern, the incidence of which is approximately the same in all siblings regardless of their position in the family.
Local groups will commission health services in Wales
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A minimum of 22 local health groups will take responsibility for commissioning health services in Wales, according to the new white paper on the future of the NHS in the principality.

Launching the document, Welsh health minister Win Griffiths said that savings made from the ending of the internal market—an estimated £10m ($16m) a year—would be redirected to patient services.

A cornerstone of the new structure will be the local health groups, which will be based on the 22 unitary council areas, although some larger areas like Cardiff may have more than one. …
A BENIGN "MALIGNANT" ULCER
Authors: P. C. H. NEWBOLD, R. B. STOUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— A case is presented which is not amenable to exact diagnosis. In the presence of active auto-immune thyroiditis, this lady developed a florid phagedaenic ulcer without obvious aetiology. No pathogen could be isolated and the lesion does not fit into any neoplastic or pseudo-neoplastic category. Her excellent response to conservative treatment favours a non-malignant background, but even long term follow-up will not resolve all doubts, as she has received a course of radiotherapy.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls conversion of Foxp3+ Tregs to TH17-like cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes
Authors: Madhav D. Sharma, De-Yan Hou, Yanjun Liu, Pandelakis A. Koni, Richard Metz, Phillip Chandler, Andrew L. Mellor, Yukai He, David H. Munn
Journal: Blood (2009)
Acute Phase Responses After Acute Liver Injury by Parital Hepatectomy in Rats As Indicators of Cytokine Release
Authors: Robert P. Cornell
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The purpose of this study was to support the hypothesis that cytokines such as interleukin–1, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin–6 are released by macrophages or monocytes within 1 to 2 hr of phagocytosis of circulating, gut–derived backterial lipopolysaccharide translocated by acute liver injury. Time courses of fever, neutrophilia and low blood–zinc levels generally attributed to cytokines were quantified after partial (37%) hepatectomy of rats under ether anesthesia. These acute phase responses in hepatectomized rats were compared with those after intravenous injection of exogenous endotoxin and human natural interleukin–1. Fever commenced 30 min after interleukin–1 injection, 4 hr after exogenous lipopolysaccharide injection and 6 hr after 67% liver resection. Similarly, rectal temperatures were significantly elevated in recipient rats 30 min after intravenous administration of donor plasma from hepatectomized animals, indicating that cytokines, not lipopolysaccharide, elicited the febrile response. Neutrophilia was present 1, 2, and 4 hr after interleukin–1 injection, lipopolysaccharide injection and hepatectomy, respectively. Furthermore, the reduction in plasma zinc, which depends on cellular metallothionein synthesis, occurred 4 hr after interleukin–1 administration and 6 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection or partial hepatectomy. Donor plasma from hepatectomized rats also elicited neutrophilia at 1 hr and low blood–zinc levels 4 hr after injection in recipient animals. The timing of these responses, just as for the fever, implies that cytokines and not lipopolysaccharide in the donated plasma elicited the neutrophilia and hypozincemia. Evidence was reviewed that interleukin–1, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin–6 function as hepatotrophic factors and have been identified in the circulation of humans with liver damage. This complements the conclusion of this study that unspecified cytokines are released after partial hepatectomy of rats.(HEPATOLOGY 1990;11:923–931.).
Molecular modulation of allergic responses
Authors: S K Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

The pathophysiology of allergic diseases involves an intricate network of molecular and cellular interactions. Elevated levels of serum IgE– and TH2 cytokine–associated eosinophilic inflammation characterize allergic diseases and provide potential targets for immunomodulation. Recent evidence that antigen-induced allergic responses can be modulated in rodents by mucosal transfer of TH1 -cytokine genes or by immunization with plasmid DNAs encoding the sensitizing antigens suggests promising new prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. Innovative research in mapping the regulatory pathways that typify the atopy network will provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and facilitate the design of more specific and efficacious modulation strategies. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:887-92.)
DERMATITIS IN MAN AND IN A DOG CAUSED BY THE MITE CHEYLETIELLA YASGURI SMILEY
Authors: E. J. M. BAKKERS, A. FAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The authors have observed an itching dermatitis of 9 months duration in the 3 members of a family in the Netherlands. The source of the itch appeared to be a mangy dog that lived in contact with the family and was heavily infested by the mite Cheyletiella yasguri Smiley. All the symptoms disappeared quickly in both the family and the dog after treatment with an acaricide.
1120 PSI-7977 400 MG QD SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY IN THE FIRST 450 PATIENTS TREATED FOR 12 WEEKS
Authors: I. Jacobson, E. Lawitz, J. Lalezari, I. Crespo, M. Davis, T. Hassanein, M. DeMicco, S. Arora, N. Gitlin, R. Herring, D.R. Nelson, J.K. Anderson, R.H. Hyland, M. Mader, R. Hindes, E. Albanis, W.T. Symonds, M.M. Berrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Resisting the needle: why I won't have the flu jab
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It was like something from Homer: the outstretched hands, the bowed head, as if a libation were being offered. It was not a ceremonial offering, however, but a bleep in the hands of a fellow house officer. This was seven years ago; my first job as a surgical house officer. As our stint of six months was about to come to an end, the mess president came up with the rather foolish idea of having a farewell party midweek.

The consequences were predictable. My colleague attended work …
Viewpoint: Expanding Prostate Cancer Screening
Authors: William J. Catalona, Stacy Loeb, Misop Han
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Prostate cancer screening is controversial, and major professional associations offer differing screening guidelines. The authors address 3 key issues about prostate cancer screening: 1) the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) criteria to recommend a prostate biopsy, 2) the appropriate age to start screening, and 3) the appropriate age to stop screening. The authors argue, on the basis of evidence published since 2000, that data supporting the efficacy of PSA screening are convincing. They recommend screening for risk assessment for average-risk men beginning at age 40 years, screening selected healthy men older than age 70 years, and lowering the PSA threshold for considering biopsy to 2.5 ng/mL for all men.
Scientists manage to manufacture polio virus
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

US scientists have synthesised viable polio virus from scratch, arguably synthesising life and raising questions about biological safety, ethics, and the ability of bioterrorists to replicate the procedure.

The work was conducted by researchers from the State University of New York in Stonybrook and was funded by the Pentagon in an effort to develop to counter-measures biological warfare. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency provided about $300 000 (£191 630m, €298 531) to fund the programme over three years.

The scientists, led by Drs Eckhard Wimmer, Aniko Paul, and Jeronimo Cello, constructed the polio virus using commercially available, mail order, nucleic acid base pairs. …
Fruits, Vegetables, and Stroke Risk
Authors: John D. Folts
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The interesting article by Dr Gillman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>showed a protective effect from increased consumption of fruits and vegetables on transient ischemic attacks and stroke in men. After adjusting for a variety of potential confounders, the authors suggested potassium intake or antioxidant vitamins as possible mechanisms. I would offer another possible mechanism for the protection of fruits and vegetables against transient ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes. Fruits and vegetables, but not animal products, are known to contain biologically active polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids.<sup>2</sup>These compounds are known to be potent antioxidants but also are very effective platelet inhibitors.<sup>2</sup>Transient ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes, which instituted the majority of strokes in their study, are now thought to be mediated by platelets.<sup>3</sup>Platelets are known to exacerbate the rate of atherosclerosis and coronary and cerebrovascular disease, as well as being the primary mediator of