tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Axis Deviation
Authors: ROBERT P. GRANT
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Our understanding of the meaning of the electrocardiogram is greatly furthered by careful comparison of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac damage observed post mortem with electrocardiograms taken during the last weeks of life. An electrocardiographic-pathologic correlation of 672 cases is reported in which the roles of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and other factorsin the production of left axis deviation are examined. A heretofore unrecognized QRS-complex syndrome of infarction is described in which the QRS forces are diagnostically abnormal but no "Q waves" are seen in the conventional leads. The roles of hypertrophy, variations in body build, chronic pulmonary disease, and various types of "parietal block" in the production of left axis deviation are studied.
SEQUENCES IN THE FORMATION OF CLOTS FROM PURIFIED BOVINE FIBRINOGEN AND THROMBIN: A STUDY WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Keith R. Porter, Clinton Van Zandt Hawn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The observed sequences in the formation of clots from purified bovine fibrinogen and thrombin are described. Under the conditions of these experiments, it appears that fibrinogen molecules are polymerized by the action of thrombin to form needle-shaped, crystal-like protofibrils which then become aligned into fiber strands by lateral association. The integrity of the unit fibrils is maintained within the strand. A model of the fibrinogen molecule is proposed which may satisfy the reported physical constants, data from x-ray diffraction studies, and observations made upon electron micrographs.
Diagnosis by Death
Authors: Sydney Tang, Chor Sang Chim, Kar Neng Lai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 September 2002Diagnosis by DeathSydney Tang, MRCP, Chor Sang Chim, FRCP, and Kar Neng Lai, MD, FRCPSydney Tang, MRCPUniversity of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong, Chor Sang Chim, FRCPUniversity of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong, and Kar Neng Lai, MD, FRCPUniversity of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong KongAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 40-year-old previously healthy Chinese woman presented with progressive right thigh pain for 10 days. Her medical history was unremarkable except for menorrhagia since menarche, for which she irregularly took iron tablets prescribed by her family physician. Physical examination showed pallor. Passive straight-leg raising was reduced to 45 degrees on the right side, limited by pain radiating from the posterior thigh to the posterior and lateral aspect of the leg, with Lasègue sign. Blood pressure was 125/80 mm Hg, and pulse was sinus at 84 beats/min. Other physical findings were normal. Hemoglobin level was 71 g/L, mean ...References1. Maynard JE. Hepatitis B: global importance and need for control. Vaccine. 1990;8:S18-20. [PMID: 2139281] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Yuen MF, Cheng CC, Lauder IJ, Lam SK, Ooi CG, Lai CL. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma increases the chance of treatment: Hong Kong experience. Hepatology. 2000;31:330-5. [PMID: 10655254] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Okezie O, DeAngelis G. Spontaneous rupture of hepatoma: a misdiagnosed surgical emergency. Ann Surg. 1974;179:133-5. [PMID: 4359455] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Tso WK, Poon RT, Lam CM, et al . Management of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: single-center experience. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3725-32. [PMID: 11533094] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sydney Tang, MRCP; Chor Sang Chim, FRCP; Kar Neng Lai, MD, FRCPAffiliations: University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 552-553KeywordsHepatitis BHepatocellular carcinomaMenarchePainPhosphatasesPlateletsPotassiumShockSodiumSpine ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Africa and the Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Richard G. Marlink
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The routine study of biologic variables used for monitoring the "competence" of the immune system has expanded in recent years, partially due to the expansion and monitoring of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Many hospital and commercial laboratories now commonly provide T-lymphocyte subset analyses, and the placement of intradermal antigens for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing is no longer reserved for a panel of control antigens in tuberculin skin testing or for the rare preoperative immune evaluation. Even prior to this expansion, studies in cohorts of gay men<sup>1,2</sup>and intravenous drug abusers,<sup>3,4</sup>two high-risk groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, have shown that certain immunologic alterations may be present in these individuals without prior exposure to HIV. It has been proposed that these alterations may be due to previous or repeated exposures to other infectious agents and may influence the infectivity or the pathogenic potential of HIV
A histochemical profile of lichen simplex*
Authors: R. MARKS, G. C. WELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article A histochemical profile of lichen simplex Get access R. MARKS, R. MARKS Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. C. WELLS G. C. WELLS Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 June 1973, Pages 557–562, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08019.x Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Accepted: 19 December 1972 Published: 01 June 1973
Effect of uridine supply on glycogen resynthesis after ischaemia in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: J AUSSEDAT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Effect of uridine supply on glycogen resynthesis after ischaemia in the isolated perfused rat heart Get access J AUSSEDAT J AUSSEDAT From the Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble BP 68 38402 St Martin d'Héres Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 1983, Pages 145–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.3.145 Published: 01 March 1983
Is All Chronic Hepatitis Viral or Idiopathic?
Authors: Irmin Sternlieb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Is All Chronic Hepatitis Viral or Idiopathic?Irmin Sternlieb, M.D., I. Herbert Scheinberg, M.D.Irmin Sternlieb, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, I. Herbert Scheinberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-835_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn four males and three females from 12 to 28 years of age "chronic hepatitis" was diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations and hepatic function tests indistinguishable from those generally associated with this diagnosis. From 3 months to 4½ years after the onset of hepatic illness, development of neurologic manifestations in three of these patients, the appearance of Kayser-Fleischer rings in a man, the persistence of the hepatic disorder for 4 years in another boy, and the diagnosis of Wilson's disease in a girl's sibling led to the suspicion of this disorder in each of the seven patients.Although... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 835-835KeywordsChronic hepatitis Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evaluation of Graft Patency After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting by Using Stress Echocardiography Combined With Strain Imaging
Authors: Saide Aytekin, Selen Yurdakul, Özlem Yıldırımtürk, Alp Çatakoğlu Burak, Refik Erdim, Ertan Sağbaş, Zehra Bayramoğlu, Mehmet Ezelsoy, Emine Altıntaş, Belhhan Akpınar, Vedat Aytekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cholecystectomy for gall stones
Authors: M Rhodes, T W J Lennard
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In a double blind study we have examined the effect of flumazenil and placebo in reversing midazolam sedation in patients undergoing conservative dental procedures.We assessed sedation by linear analogue scores (for patient and observer) and psychomotor function by choice reaction time and critical flicker fusion threshold, both sensitive tests of psychomotor performance after sedation.With a mean dose of 0 13 mg
PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients
Authors: Yoichi Nagata, Keng-Hsueh Lan, Xiaoyan Zhou, Ming Tan, Francisco J. Esteva, Aysegul A. Sahin, Kristine S. Klos, Ping Li, Brett P. Monia, Nina T. Nguyen, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Mien-Chie Hung, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Large-scale search of single nucleotide polymorphisms for hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility genes in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Naoya Kato, Guijin Ji, Yue Wang, Masanori Baba, Yujin Hoshida, Motoyuki Otsuka, Hiroyoshi Taniguchi, Masaru Moriyama, Narayan Dharel, Tadashi Goto, Run-Xuan Shao, Tadashi Matsuura, Keisuke Ishii, Shuichiro Shiina, Takao Kawabe, Masaaki Muramatsu, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The host genetic factors that are involved in the development of HCC in patients with HCV infection remain to be investigated. To search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HCC susceptibility genes, 393 SNPs in 171 candidate genes were examined in 188 Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection, including 77 patients with HCC. HCC-related SNPs were then examined in another 188 patients (including 93 patients with HCC) with chronic HCV infection. Haplotype analyses of HCC-related genes were performed in a total of 376 patients. Of the 393 SNPs, 31 SNPs in 29 genes were significantly associated with HCC based on an initial screening ( P &lt; .05). Of these 31 SNPs, 3 SNPs of 3 genes (SCYB14, GFRA1, and CRHR2) were significantly associated with HCC in a secondary screening. Haplotype analyses of these 3 genes identified 2 haplotype blocks associated with HCC. In conclusion , these SNPs and haplotypes located in the SCBY14, CRHR2, and GFRA1 genes will be used as markers to identify a subgroup of Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection who are at high risk of developing HCC. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html ). (Hepatology 2005;42:846–853.)
Points: Prescription for a better British diet
Authors: A. Long
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain and sedation in critically ill patients have been developed and applied; however, there is limited data on medication use among elderly patients. This study identifies current practice patterns for analgo-sedative use in mechanically ventilated elderly patients in Korea using a national claims database. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting and participants</h3> Ventilated elderly patients aged 65 years or older in intensive care units (ICUs) from an aged patients’ national claims database in Korea <h3>Primary outcome measures</h3> Use of sedatives including benzodiazepines, opioids and non-opioid analgesics, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and antipsychotic drugs were analysed by the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), age and time. <h3>Results</h3> From 2012 to 2016, 22 677 elderly patients underwent MV in 267 general or tertiary ICUs. Mean age was 77.2 (±6.9) years and the median duration of MV was 4.1 days; 77.2% of patients received sedatives, 65.0% analgesics, 29.1% NMBAs and 19.6% antipsychotics. Midazolam (62.0%) was the most commonly prescribed medication. The proportions of sedatives, analgesics and NMBAs increased, whereas the percentages of person-days decreased with longer MV duration (p&lt;0.01). With advanced age, the prevalence and duration of sedative, analgesic and NMBA use decreased (adjusted OR (95% CI) 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) in all three classes) while antipsychotic did not (adjusted OR 1.00 (1.00–1.01)). Annually, benzodiazepines showed reduced administration (76.2% in 2012 and 71.4% in 2016, p&lt;0.01), while daily opioid dose increased (21.6 in 2012 vs 30.0 mg in 2016, p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of sedative, analgesic and NMBAs use and daily opioid doses were lower, whereas antipsychotic use was higher compared with those in previous studies in adult patients. The findings warrant further studies investigating appropriateness and safety of medication use that consider clinical severity scores with a focus on elderly patients in ICUs.
Who would be a dean? A light-hearted look at the impossibility of the task.
Authors: P Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Who would be a dean of medicine ?The thought is prompted by reading a paper on "The Medical Deanship" by Robert J Glaser, who has suffered the pangs of office.The word comes from St Benedict.In founding the monastery of Monte Cassino in the 6th century, he divided the brotherhood into groups of 10, over whom he set one-the dean.The dictionary gives derivations from doyen and the Greek "dekanos," meaning one set over 10.Fowler says that dean and doyen were originally the same word but that dean is now reserved for academic and clerical officers and doyen for senior members of any community, especially the diplomatic corps.Nowadays some members of the decanal group might often wish that they had only 10 others to deal with, for the other thing in Glaser's reminiscences was a true story.A businessman in a committee dealing with many major problems then afflicting the Stanford University Medical School passed him a note which read "I have come to the conclusion that there is no way to do your job."Often it seems like that. An impossible jobWithin the academic medical fraternity there is normally reluctance to become a dean, for most recognise that the office carries duties and responsibilities that will hinder the personal development of the flowers of academe.There will be little time left for research, reading, teaching, practice, and writing.There will be innumerable committees to attend and endless chores.No one in his right mind could possibly seek such a post, and yet there are always a few who do.Their motives may be hard to fathom and may possibly be as individual as they are.Naturally there are those very willing to look on deans as power-seekers or escapers from the rigours of academic life, politicians, con- temptible committee men.There are many other ways to twist psychological diagnoses to suit the prejudices of the observer, especially if he feels he has been harshly treated or ignored in his pleas by the occupant of the dean's chair.
Molecularly targeted therapies for human hepatocellular carcinoma: Should we start from β-catenin inhibition?
Authors: Diego F. Calvisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and lethal tumours worldwide, accounting for more than 600,000 deaths annually [1,2]. Curative options for HCC are limited to surgical resection and liver transplantation, which can be applied only to a small subset of patients due to the late diagnosis of the disease [1,2]. Treatments for unresectable HCC remain instead unsatisfactory and of marginal benefit for HCC patients [3]. The only FDA approved drug for HCC is sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, whose beneficial effects in terms of survival extension are rather limited in HCC patients [4]. These disappointing effects are presumably the consequences of the compensatory activation of alternative signalling cascades and/or the fact that sorafenib does not target the underlying mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis in these patients [4]. Thus, a deeper knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC is required for the development of new and more effective therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. Despite the heterogeneous nature of human HCC, some crucial signalling pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been discovered. Among them, the evolutionary conserved Wnt/bcatenin cascade has emerged as a pivotal player in liver malignant transformation and tumour progression [5,6]. At the core of the latter pathway is the b-catenin (CTNNB1) gene, a component of submembranous plaques of both adherens junctions and desmosomes in mammalian cells. Physiologically, b-catenin is involved in two main functions: intercellular adhesion by association with E-cadherin, and transmission of the proliferative signal of the Wnt pathway [7,8]. In the absence of Wnt activation, the b-catenin protein is rapidly phosphorylated at its NH2terminus by the destruction complex, consisting of AXIN1, APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), GSK-3b (glycogen synthase kinase-3b), and CK1 (casein kinase 1) proteins [7,8]. Once phosphorylated, b-catenin is promptly primed for proteolysis through the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Mutations in members of the destruction complex or alternative mechanisms avoiding b-catenin phosphorylation lead to elevated free pools of b-catenin in
Informal biology is a core domain, but its construction needs experience
Authors: Giyoo Hatano
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Although humans are endowed with domain-specific constraints for acquiring informal biology, its construction requires considerable experience with living things and their cultural representations. Less experienced adults may not know what constitutes generic species, and young children may rely on personification rather than category-based inference. Atran's postulate of the living-kind module that promptly produces universal folk taxonomy does not seem tenable.
Cardiac Memory and Cortical Memory
Authors: Michael R. Rosen, Ofer Binah, Shimon Marom
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Memory is a property of diverse biological systems, including brain and heart. Studies in cortical neuronal networks have identified an increased sensitivity to infrequent (rare) stimulation patterns that can result in their achieving dominance over network firing. This adaptive behavior is applied to the heart in an attempt to explain the ability of pulmonary venous and other ectopic foci to achieve dominance over cardiac rhythm. Developmental changes in determinants of cardiac rhythm are explored as possible determinants of the range of rhythms expressed by the heart. By understanding the mechanisms for these behavior patterns, we may obtain new means for manipulating memory to return dysrhythmic hearts to normal sinus rhythm.
AIDS and the lung. Introduction.
Authors: D M Mitchell, A A Woodcock
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Damage to the immune system induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a spectrum of opportunistic infections of which the lung is the most common site. In Europe and North America, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the presenting symptom in 64% of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and occurs at some point in 80% of AIDS victims. This infection is less common in Africa, where tuberculosis is the predominant opportunistic infection. Other AIDS-related lung infections that are gaining in prevalence include pneumonia due to pyogenic bacteria, pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. In addition, there is evidence that the lung may be extensively involved in Kaposi's sarcoma. Given the importance of the lung as a site for AIDS-related opportunistic infections, respiratory physicians will be required to become more involved in the diagnosis and management of AIDS cases.
What can we say about the inner experience of the young child?
Authors: Charles Fernyhough
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Inner experience is proposed as a basis for self-interpretation in both children and adults, but young children's inner experience may not be comparable to our own. I consider evidence on children's attribution of inner experience, experience sampling, and the development of inner speech, concluding that Carruthers' theory should predict a developmental lag between mindreading and metacognition.
Awake and Informed
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

I grew up with the one-doctor–one-patient paradigm. When I admitted a patient, I took the case as my personal responsibility. I did my best to get to know the patient and his or her family, the medical problem at hand, and the best way to approach it. If this meant working without sleep, so be it — the patient came first. As my practice migrated more toward intensive care medicine, in which the approach to care is more team oriented, I retained a vestige of the old habits. Try as I might not to do so, I put more into . . .
Measuring performance in the NHS: what really matters?
Authors: J Appleby, A Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Encouraging the efficient use of NHS resources is vitally important for patients and doctors. Inefficiency means that money is wasted, but more importantly it means that the opportunity is lost to save lives, avert pain, and provide care to those in need. In a system as large and as complex as the NHS, however, actively promoting efficiency through the design and use of incentives is a difficult task.

Two recent attempts to grapple with efficiency were the implementation of the internal market (which relied on supply side competition within the NHS to drive down costs) and the combined monitoring and measurement of performance targets known as the purchaser efficiency index (which was a demand side management tool aimed at encouraging health authorities to provide an incentive for purchasing efficiently provided services).1 Although the new NHS white paper has retained the split between purchasers and providers, the competitive thrust of the internal market has been abandoned.2 And, although the purchaser efficiency index has also been jettisoned, the annual requirement for health authorities to make efficiency savings of around 3% a year has been retained.

The NHS white paper strongly criticised these mechanisms, arguing that the internal market increased administrative costs, fragmented decision making, distorted incentives, and promoted inequality.2 The efficiency index—a ratio of changes in activity to changes in financial inputs—was criticised for being narrowly focused and providing perverse incentives.1 3 4 What should replace these performance measures, and are the proposed solutions radical departures or simply tweaks at the periphery?

#### Summary points

The national reference costs database and indices provide a first step in describing and understanding variations in costs between NHS trusts

There are serious drawbacks to the quality and coverage of the data used to compile the unit costs

Much of the variation in overall costs …