tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time to Cut for the Stone
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Kidney stones are among the commonest of renal disorders, but until recently, they were neglected by specialists in renal medicine and by kidney physiologists. Perhaps this neglect was an unconscious residuum of the Hippocratic Oath requiring initiates to swear by Apollo that they would "not cut persons laboring under the stone, but leave this...to practitioners of this work." As indicated by the review of "Nutrition and Urolithiasis" by Smith and his colleagues in this issue, stones are now beginning to get the scientific attention that they deserve.In the absence of urinary infection the vast bulk of kidney stones are . . .
Fat Cells Pose Weighty Question
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DO TOO FAT fat cells, too many fat cells, or both cause obesity? Evidence that may resolve this weighty question continues to accumulate. That infant overfeeding may play a role in the multifactorial problem of obesity is suggested by an observed relationship between childhood and adult obesity. This relationship, however, has not been completely defined (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2157-2158). Obese children may not become obese adults, but many obese adults were obese children. As Jules Hirsch, MD, Rockefeller University, New York City, says, "Being an obese child is not surefire, but it does enhance the risk of adult obesity." Two theories have been advanced to explain the role of infant overfeeding in obesity: that early overfeeding changes fat cells so that they can incorporate more fat or that too many fat cells are produced, increasing the capacity for fat storage. Hirsch and a colleague, J. L. Knittle, MD, investigated infant overfeeding nearly
Incidence, characteristics and outcome of ICU-acquired candidemia in India
Authors: Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Prashant Sood, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Sharon Chen, Harsimran Kaur, Malini Capoor, Deepinder Chhina, Ratna Rao, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Immaculata Xess, Anupama J. Kindo, P. Umabala, Jayanthi Savio, Atul Patel, Ujjwayini Ray, Sangeetha Mohan, Ranganathan Iyer, Jagdish Chander, Anita Arora, Raman Sardana, Indranil Roy, B. Appalaraju, Ajanta Sharma, Anjali Shetty, Neelam Khanna, Rungmei Marak, Sanjay Biswas, Shukla Das, B. N. Harish, Sangeeta Joshi, Deepak Mendiratta
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
The assessment and management of insomnia in primary care
Authors: K. Falloon, B. Arroll, C. R. Elley, A. Fernando
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Insomnia affects about a third of the general population according to a recent longitudinal study in the UK1 and cross sectional studies estimate the prevalence in patients attending primary care to be between 10% and 50%.2 3 According to the American Sleep Disorders Association International Classification of Sleep Disorders coding manual, insomnia refers to “a repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep and results in some form of daytime impairment and lasting for at least one month.”4 Although some patients who have this problem may not report it as such, inadequate sleep has been associated with reduced physical health3 4 5 6 and mental health.7 8 9 The continued widespread use of sedative medication to treat insomnia raises concern about the potential for long term tolerance and addiction, particularly where insomnia is the presenting complaint of missed diagnoses such as depression, or when adverse effects might be a problem—for example, falls in older adults.10 11 12 The normal range of sleep is seven to nine hours per night,13 although some individuals claim they can function on as little as four hours, whereas others need up to …
Remodeling the House of Academe
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Schroeder and colleagues<sup>1</sup>engage in a far-reaching review of American academic medicine. They shower the academic establishment with kudos for its performance in biomedical research, in the development and application of technology, and in progress against specific diseases, and also give us good marks for efforts in screening for preventable disease, in health services research, and in innovations in health care provision. On the other hand, the authors take us to task for our performance in matters of health status, health care costs, quality, manpower mix and distribution, and long-term care and disability and as a training ground for other countries. They argue that because the academic medical center has done well and has received its share of the public purse, it now behooves it to expand its horizons to encompass the problems of the public health; cost control; access for the poor,
TCT-23 Clinical Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance in Drug-eluting Stent Implantation for the Left Main: Patient Level Pooled Analysis of 4 Registries.
Authors: Jose M. De la Torre Hernandez, Jose A. Baz, Joan A. Gomez Hospital, Fernando Alfonso, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Federico Gimeno, Gerard Roura, Angel Sanchez-Recalde, Angel Cequier, Agustin Albarran, Jose Antonio Fernandez Diaz, Josep Gomez Lara, Felipe Hernandez, Manuel Jimenez Navarro, Inigo Lozano, Josepa Mauri, Armando Pérez de Prado, Maria Jose Perez Vizcayno, Eduardo Pinar, Javier Zueco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Augmented and sustained plasma concentrations after intramuscular injections of molecular variants and deglycosylated forms of tissue-type plasminogen activators.
Authors: B E Sobel, S J Sarnoff, D A Nachowiak
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We have previously explored induction of coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) administered intramuscularly. Absorption-enhancing agents that rendered the approach feasible were identified, but large amounts of activator were required and initial elevations of concentrations in plasma could not be sustained. The present study was designed to determine whether more therapeutically favorable plasma concentrations could be induced by genetically engineering or chemically modifying t-PA to prolong its half-life based on the hypothesis that the ratio of absorption to clearance would be increased. Each of four genetically engineered variants (one variant with growth factor and kringle 1 domains deleted and kringle 2 duplicated, a second variant with a cysteine for Arg substitution in the growth factor domain, a third variant with an additional urokinase kringle inserted, and a fourth variant with the growth factor domain deleted) and enzymatically deglycosylated t-PA exhibited prolonged half-life after bolus intravenous injection in rabbits. Each elicited substantially higher and more sustained elevations in plasma after intramuscular injection in rabbits or dogs with absorption-enhancing agents as compared with wild-type t-PA that were not accompanied by a systemic lytic state. Thus, use of molecular variants of t-PA with prolonged half-lives in the circulation permits induction of augmented and sustained elevations of plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection with absorption-enhancing agents as compared with wild-type t-PA, rendering potentially therapeutic blood levels more attainable with relatively modest amounts of material.
A Cardiac Monitor-Pacemaker
Authors: Joseph P. Crehan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SUCCESSFUL resuscitation of a patient from unexpected cardiac standstill in 1941 aroused our interest in this problem.<sup>1</sup>As a result of this encouraging experience, a program for the management of cardiac arrest was developed, emphasizing early diagnosis, intracardiac injection of procaine-epine-phrine solutions, and thoracotomy with manual systole.<sup>2</sup>In addition, more attention was directed toward the preoperative correction of predisposing factors, such as reduced blood volume, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and cardiorespiratory disorders. Despite this concerted effort, the incidence of cardiac asystole and its mortality rate remained alarmingly high in our clinical practice.<sup>3</sup>From 1941 to 1947, cardiac standstill was treated with manual systole (thoracotomy) in 13 cases; only five of these patients (38%) recovered. A similar high mortality rate has apparently remained in the practice of others (Table 1). It became increasinglyclear that prompt diagnosis and immediately effective treatment were of paramount importance. Lacking these two essential
Insurability After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Joseph A. Little
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. John W. Kirklin (<b>219</b>:763,1972) in answer to a question concerning the insurability of an individual 12 years after repair of an ostium primum type of interatrial septal defect, stated: "It is highly likely that this individual has a normal life expectancy. He should be insurable at a normal or standard rate." Although I agree that any individual following successful surgery of a congenital cardiac lesion, such as described in this question, should be advised to live as though he had a normal life expectancy, there is no data to support this view. Repair of this defect has only been possible since the advent of the technique of cardiovascular bypass; and consequently, we do not have adequate, long-term experience on which to base an accurate decision. For this reason, I do not believe that it is incumbent upon insurance companies to accept such a patient at
THE NATION'S SIN OF OMISSION.
Authors: T.J. BENNETT
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intermediate Filament Proteins and Their Associated Diseases
Authors: M Bishr Omary, Pierre A Coulombe, W H Irwin McLean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

he cytoskeleton consists of three abundant families of fibrillary proteins: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. 1,2ntermediate filament proteins derive their name from their diameter, which is intermediate between the diameters of microfilaments and microtubules. 1,22][3] The human genome contains at least 65 functional genes encoding intermediate filament proteins, placing them among the 100 largest gene families in humans. 4More than 30 diseases are related to mutations in these genes (Table 2).The majority of them are rare (affecting fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States) or difficult to treat, 7 but collectively they affect most tissues, and not all of them are rare, as exemplified by the association of keratin mutations with end-stage liver disease.Intermediate filament proteins have long been considered unique to multicellular eukaryotic organisms, 8 in contrast to microfilaments and microtubules, which have prokaryotic ancestors.However, crescentin, which is found in several curved bacteria, including Caulobacter crescentus and Helicobacter pylori, was recently identified as an intermediate filament-like ancestor protein that accounts for the morphologic features of caulobacter. 9structure All intermediate filament proteins have a prototypical structure consisting of a coiledcoil, a -helix rod domain (two polypeptide a -helixes wound around each other) that is interrupted by linkers and flanked by N-terminal head and C-terminal tail domains (Fig. 1). 2,3The simplest soluble unit of intermediate filament proteins is a tetramer consisting of two antiparallel dimers; each dimer, in the case of keratins, consists of one type I keratin molecule and one type II keratin molecule.A high-resolution architectural model of intermediate filaments is lacking, although the mature, 10-to-12-nm fiber is believed to contain 32 monomers in diameter, with important structural polymorphisms among members of the protein family. 2,3Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments can assume various network configurations depending on the cell type and manifest variable differentiation-related patterns, such as those in apical poles (e.g., pancreatic keratins), Z lines (desmin), and axonal processes (neurofilaments). 2,3,10regulation Intermediate filament proteins are regulated by several post-translational modifications, including farnesylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, and transglutamination, t general features of intermediate filaments
Control of Tuberculosis in a Neuropsychiatric Hospital
Authors: Lawrence T. Hopkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IN the past few years, organized efforts for the control of tuberculosis have been recognized as essential in mental institutions. For effective control of the spread of tuberculosis in any community a program must ensure early case finding, facilitate prompt isolation, diagnosis and treatment and educate the community to co-operate in enforcing the program. The measures employed at the Veterans Administration Hospital at Bedford, Massachusetts, are the same as those in any community, except that more rigid steps are required because of the greater incidence of tuberculosis in mental hospitals.Mental patients have a tendency to conceal constitutional symptoms, but . . .
Procedures for the inactivation of viruses in clotting factor concentrates
Authors: Edward D. Gomperts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

A considerable body of data has accumulated on the viral inactivated clotting factor concentrates. This information strongly indicates considerable safety and expected efficacy of these products. Probably most procedures are capable of inactivating large amounts of the LAV/HTLV-III virus, but there is considerable variability between products in the ability to inactivate the hepatitis viruses and perhaps also the LAV/HTLV-III. This variability is probably related to the mechanism of viral inactivation, the time of exposure to heat or chemical additives, and also the presence and type of stabilizer. So-called "second-generation" products will probably show improved elimination of more resistant viruses including the non-A, non-B forms.
Myocardial Deformation Imaging Based on Ultrasonic Pixel Tracking to Identify Reversible Myocardial Dysfunction
Authors: Michael Becker, Alexandra Lenzen, Christina Ocklenburg, Katharina Stempel, Harald Kühl, Miria Neizel, Markus Katoh, Rafael Kramann, Joachim Wildberger, Malte Kelm, Rainer Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Thanking Authors, Peer Reviewers, and Readers—Constancy in a Time of Change
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breast feeding and multiple sclerosis
Authors: A Pisacane, N Impagliazzo, M Russon, R Valiani, A Mandarini, C Florio, P Vivo
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cervical canal and from around the external os is paramount.29The correlation between cytology and histologyboth of which are subjective-leaves much to be desired,"03' yet smear surveillance has worked well to date.Women who have even one abnormal smear'2 are at greater risk of having some grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia than women who have normal smears.They require rigorous smear surveillance, which will allow at least one third of patients to return to normal and avoid unnecessary treatment.In this study there was no evidence that cases occurred owing to lack of follow up once abnormal cells were recognised.The main reason for cases occurring is failure to attend for screening.Recognition as a priority in the Health of the Nation has given a welcome boost to the screening programme.The now established national network for screening and rescreening will contribute more than any other factor in preventing invasive disease, which is increasing in young women.
Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia
Authors: R E Ferner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed J E F Reynolds Royal Pharmaceutical Society, £176, pp 2739 ISBN 0 85369 342 0

Dinosaurs grew bigger and bigger, then became extinct. The first (1883) edition of Martindale ran to 313 pages, aiming to provide medical men and pharmacists with practical and up to date information about drugs and galenicals to supplement the British Pharmacopoeia. The new, 31st, edition runs to over 2700 pages, boasts over 131 500 individual index entries, and weighs 3.76 kg. Monographs are supplemented by therapeutic reviews and descriptions of important therapeutic groups, with references up to 1995.

Martindale used to list preparations alphabetically. The 9th (1898) edition, for …
Coronary flow regulation in patients with ischemic heart disease: release of purines and prostacyclin and the effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin formation.
Authors: A Edlund, B Berglund, D van Dorne, L Kaijser, J Nowak, C Patrono, A Sollevi, A Wennmalm
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The present investigation was undertaken to study cardiac release of adenosine and prostacyclin (prostaglandin [PG] I2) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and to assess coronary vascular resistance before and after inhibition of synthesis in such patients. In 48 patients with IHD, arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were taken at rest, during atrial pacing to angina, and after pacing. Levels of purines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured with radioimmunoassay. Coronary sinus blood flow was determined with retrograde continuous thermodilution before and after oral administration of indomethacin, aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen. Atrial pacing induced myocardial ischemia, as evidenced by typical chest pain and arrested lactate extraction. Adenosine was extracted at rest, but during ischemia there was a significant release of its metabolite hypoxanthine, indicating increased myocardial breakdown of high-energy adenine nucleotides. Arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were low and no significant differences between them were found. After administration of the PG-synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, coronary vascular resistance was elevated, as was the cardiac oxygen extraction. The three other PG-synthesis inhibitors (aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen) did not, however, induce any change in coronary vascular resistance or in the cardiac extraction of oxygen. On the basis of these data we suggest that in patients with IHD cardiac ischemia results in increased myocardial production and release of purines, cardiac ischemia does not elicit any detectable increase in coronary production of prostacyclin, and the increased coronary resistance induced by indomethacin does not reflect the involvement of locally formed PG in the maintenance of coronary flow, but is rather a direct effect of the drug.
International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: William D. Travis, Elisabeth Brambilla, Masayuki Noguchi, Andrew G. Nicholson, Kim R. Geisinger, Yasushi Yatabe, David G. Beer, Charles A. Powell, Gregory J. Riely, Paul E. Van Schil, Kavita Garg, John H.M. Austin, Hisao Asamura, Valerie W. Rusch, Fred R. Hirsch, Giorgio Scagliotti, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Rudolf M. Huber, Yuichi Ishikawa, James Jett, Montserrat Sanchez-Cespedes, Jean-Paul Sculier, Takashi Takahashi, Masahiro Tsuboi, Johan Vansteenkiste, Ignacio Wistuba, Pan-Chyr Yang, Denise Aberle, Christian Brambilla, Douglas Flieder, Wilbur Franklin, Adi Gazdar, Michael Gould, Philip Hasleton, Douglas Henderson, Bruce Johnson, David Johnson, Keith Kerr, Keiko Kuriyama, Jin Soo Lee, Vincent A. Miller, Iver Petersen, Victor Roggli, Rafael Rosell, Nagahiro Saijo, Erik Thunnissen, Ming Tsao, David Yankelewitz
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Hypertension and Compliance: Implications for the Primary Physician
Authors: Richard N. Podell, Louis R. Gary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

As public health turns its attention increasingly (and appropriately) to the question of diminishing returns in therapeutic medicine,1 it has an equally important responsibility to focus on improving the outcomes of therapy. An example of the latter concern is the problem of obtaining patient compliance in hypertension control, in which continuous effective treatment has been definitely associated with prolonged productive life.The Secretary of HEW established the National High Blood Pressure Education Program in 1972.2 One motivating factor was the realization that at least two fifths of Americans who had high blood pressure did not know it; roughly two fifths . . .