tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THIRD GENERATION FOLLOW-UP IN WOMAN RECEIVING PELVIC IRRADIATION
Authors: I. C. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The treatment of recurrent periods of functional amenorrhea by low dosage x-ray dates from 1915, when Van de Velde<sup>1</sup>first proposed it. Until that time, and admittedly even today, no other available nonsurgical method could relieve women apparently suffering from disturbed pituitary and ovarian function as manifested by delayed menstruation and sterility. Flatau and Thaler<sup>1</sup>in Austria started using this treatment in 1921 and 1922, and the latter observed that 5 out of 80 women with amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea treated by irradiation to the ovaries became pregnant. It was natural to associate delayed menstruation with sterility in these patients as part of the same underlying endocrine deficiency or inhibition. I have observed this syndrome in a sizable group of sterile women and found that only about 5 to 6% of those who were untreated could expect to become pregnant. In February, 1926, I reported, before the New York
OFFICE PRACTICE OF ANESTHESIA
Authors: Forrest E. Leffingwell
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The title of this paper conveys the impression that administration of an anesthetic in the office has certain inherent attributes that it would not have elsewhere. This implication will be dispelled at the outset. Principles of good anesthesia are universal and totally independent of environment. Unfortunately, in the office the hazard is increased, and it is probably this fact alone that justifies the presentation of this material as a specialized subject worthy of consideration. <h3>OFFICE EQUIPMENT</h3> From the standpoint of equipment, administration of anesthesia in the office is what we care to make it. Safety demands certain essential equipment as minimal. No anesthetic should ever be given without some means of administering oxygen under pressure. An elaborate gas machine is not necessary. The cost is prohibitive, and its apparent complexity appears formidable to those uninitiated in its use. A small cylinder of compressed oxygen connected to a well-fitting face mask
The carcinogenicity of methoxyl derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene: correlation between DNA adducts and genotoxicity.
Authors: M Kojima, M Degawa, Y Hashimoto, M Tada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

To elucidate the cause of the difference in genotoxic activity between carcinogenic 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) and noncarcinogenic 2-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (2-MeO-AAB), we analyzed DNA adducts in the livers of rats exposed to either of these chemicals and studied the resulting biologic potential with the aid of in vitro modified M13 phage DNA. 32P-Postalbeling analysis revealed that the carcinogen 3-MeO-AAB produced 20-fold higher amounts of adducts than did 2-MeO-AAB. Five adducts were formed in the 3-MeO-AAB case whereas only one adduct was apparent in 2-MeO-AAB-treated rat. Studies of in vitro DNA replication using N-hydroxy (N-OH)-aminoazo dye-modified M13 phage DNA as a template demonstrated inhibition by 3-MeO-AAB adducts to be substantially greater than in the 2-MeO-AAB-adducts. The specificity of mutagenesis induced in M13mp9 phage DNA by these chemicals also was analyzed after transfection into SOS-induced Escherichia coli JM103, mutation frequencies being higher with N-OH-3-MeO-AAB- than N-OH-2-MeO-AAB-modified DNA. The mutation spectra differed in each case. Our data suggest that the difference in hepatocarcinogenic activity between the two chemicals depends not only on qualitative and quantitative variation in adduct formation but also on conformation changes in modified DNA.
Case 25-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Gerald S. Foster, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice.Since the age of 14 years he had experienced recurrent episodes of epigastric pain accompanied by nausea, with occasional vomiting but without fever, that required repeated admission to other hospitals. X-ray studies showed multiple pancreatic calcifications. Two years before entry a low-fat diet was prescribed but was without benefit. Six months before admission there was the onset of a steady, dull pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, with radiation to the right subscapular region. One month before entry an oral cholecystographic study demonstrated . . .
Abstract 3820: Determinants of Progression of Coronary artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Plasma Osteoprotegerin levels
Authors: Dhakshinamurthy Vijay Anand, Roger Corder, Daniel Darko, David Hopkins, Avijit Lahiri
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a cytokine that has been recently implicated in the regulation of vascular calcification. We sought to evaluate the relationship between plasma OPG levels, infl...
High prevalence of circulating autoantibodies against thyroid hormones in vitiligo and correlation with clinical and historical parameters of patients
Authors: R. Colucci, F. Lotti, F. Dragoni, M. Arunachalam, T. Lotti, S. Benvenga, S. Moretti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Autoantibodies against thyroid hormones (THAbs) directed towards triiodothyronine (T3-Ab) and/or thyroxine (T4-Ab) are very rare in the general population. They are increased in some nonthyroidal autoimmune diseases, where they seem to predict autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATDs). So far, their presence in patients with vitiligo has not been evaluated, but it might have a possible predictive role.To assess the prevalence of THAbs in a group of vitiligo patients and to correlate their presence with clinical and historical parameters.In total 79 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 100 controls were examined. Clinical characteristics of vitiligo and family and personal medical history were evaluated. Antinuclear autoantibodies, thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies were measured. IgM T3-Ab, IgG T3-Ab, IgM T4-Ab and IgG T4-Ab were assayed by a radioimmunoprecipitation technique. Fisher's test, Student's t-test and χ(2)-test were used for statistical analysis.Overall 77 of 79 patients (97%) had at least one type of THAb (11 T3-Ab, 10 T4-Ab, 56 both). In the control group, only one person (1%) had THAbs. In patients with vitiligo, T3-Abs were significantly associated with leucotrichia (IgM+IgG, P = 0.033; IgG, P = 0.039; IgM, P = 0.005) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (IgM+IgG, P = 0.031; IgG, P = 0.058), while the absence of T3-Ab was related to personal history of cancer (IgM+IgG, P = 0.021; IgG, P = 0.039). T4-Abs were significantly associated with vitiligo activity (IgM+IgG, P < 0.001; IgM, P = 0.037) and duration (IgG, P = 0.013).The surprisingly high prevalence of THAb in patients with vitiligo and their associations suggest a possible pathogenetic role in the disease and stress the tight link between vitiligo and ATDs. Further evaluation in a larger group of patients and an adequate follow-up are needed to define their potential predictive role.
Brefeldin A-induced alterations in processing of MHC class II-Ii complex depend upon microtubular function
Authors: Quoc V. Nguyen, Rebecca L. King
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The role of microtubules in the brefeldin A (BFA)-associated relocation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II αβ chains (αβ) and the invariant chain (Ii) was characterized in Raji cells by the use of nocodazole (ND). BFA blocked the transport of αβIi proteins through the Golgi and redistributed them to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) along with Golgi-resident enzymes. The result of the colocalization of processing enzymes and newly synthesized proteins was a downshift of αβIi molecular weight (MW) of 2 kDa, and their resistance to endoglycosidase H (endo H) after 6 hr of chase. ND by itself had no effect on the processing and transport of αβ to the cell surface. The addition of ND to BFA-treated cells downshifted αβIi by 4 kDa. Additionally, αβIi proteins remained sensitive to neuraminidase after 16 hr of chase. In vitro α-mannosidase treatment of immunoprecipitated αβIi generated a similar 4-kDa downshift of MW. Either 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DJN) or swainsonine (SWN) blocked the MW downshift caused by BFA + ND treatment. These observations indicated that in Raji cells, most of the BFA-associated relocations of cis-, medial Golgi proteins, and the addition of sialic acid from the trans-Golgi were microtubule-independent. The retrograde transport of the medial Golgi enzyme N-acetylglucosamine transferase, however, required microtubular function. Microtubule disrupters could affect BFA treatment of viral infections by further disrupting viral protein processing. Am. J. Hematol. 54: 282–287, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A research institute at a turning point
Authors: Kathryn Claiborn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

A research institute at a turning pointThe San Raffaele del Monte Tabor Foundation in Milan, Italy, manages a multidisciplinary hospital and research institute, renowned as a center of excellence for biomedical research.Early in 2011, it was announced that the institute was in a precarious financial position, on the brink of bankruptcy.In October, a Milan government tribunal approved a restructuring plan that involves a financial takeover of the institute by the Vatican Bank and a private investor.The JCI recently spoke to Maria Grazia Roncarolo, the scientific
Tolerance to the Nonbronchodilator Effects of Inhaled β<sub>2</sub>-Agonists in Asthma
Authors: Brian J. O'Connor, Sarah L. Aikman, Peter J. Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Tolerance to the direct bronchodilator effects of β2-agonists does not appear to occur in asthma. However, it is not known whether this is true for the nonbronchodilator effects of these agents, which protect the airways against bronchoconstrictive stimuli.
Bad medicine: antenatal screening
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Antenatal screening for fatal conditions such as Edwards syndrome involves the termination of pregnancy. But termination is also considered for non-fatal anomalies that risk a child being born with “serious handicap.”1 The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists offers no “ethical guidance” on these decisions and suggests that staff must adopt a “non-directive” approach when advising couples.1 Yet for screening to be justified, the natural course of the condition must be understood and there should be an agreed policy of whom to treat.2 Do these criteria apply to antenatal anomaly …
Stem Cells for Myocardial Repair With Use of a Transarterial Catheter
Authors: Xiaohong Wang, Mohammad Nurulqadr Jameel, Qinglu Li, Abdul Mansoor, Xiong Qiang, Cory Swingen, Carmelo Panetta, Jianyi Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Using a swine model of postinfarction left ventricle (LV) remodeling, we investigated marrow-derived, multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) transplantation into hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) via a novel transarterial catheter.The left anterior descending coronary artery was balloon-occluded after percutaneous transluminal angiography to generate AMI (60-minute no-flow ischemia). The transarterial catheter was then placed in the same coronary artery, and either 50x10(6) MPCs (cell group, n=6) or saline (control, n=6) was injected into the border zone (BZ) myocardium. LV function was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging before AMI and at 1 and 4 weeks after AMI, whereas myocardial energy metabolism was assessed by (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at week 4. One week after AMI, the ejection fraction was significantly reduced in both groups from a baseline of approximately 50% to 31.3+/-3.9% (cell group) and 33.3+/-3.1% (control). However, at week 4, the cell group had a significant recovery in ejection fraction. The functional improvements were accompanied by a significant improvement in myocardial bioenergetics. Histologic data demonstrated a 0.55% cell engraftment rate 4 weeks after MPC transplantation. Only 2% of engrafted cells were costaining positive for cardiogenic markers. Vascular density in the BZ was increased in the cell group. Conditioned medium from cultured MPCs contained high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, which was increased in response to hypoxia. MPCs cocultured with cardiomyocytes inhibited changes in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.Thus, a paracrine effect may contribute significantly to the observed therapeutic effects of MPC transplantation.
Aspiration - an important complication of small-bowel video capsule endoscopy
Authors: S. Nathan, L. Biernat
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 93-year-old male with no significant past medical history was referred to our center for evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding of an obscure source. His recent bidirectional endoscopic studies did not localize the source of bleeding. There was no clear history of any swallowing disorder.
Impact of insurance and supply of health professionals on coverage of treatment for hypertension in Mexico: population based study
Authors: Sara N Bleich, David M Cutler, Alyce S Adams, Rafael Lozano, Christopher J L Murray
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the independent and combined contributions of insurance status and supply of health professionals on coverage of antihypertensive treatment among adults in Mexico. <b>Design</b> Population based study. <b>Setting</b> Mexico. <b>Participants</b> 4032 hypertensive adults (2967 uninsured and 1065 insured): 1065 uninsured adults matched with 1065 adults insured through Seguro Popular, a programme to expand health insurance coverage to uninsured people in Mexico. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Coverage of antihypertensive treatment and coverage of antihypertensive treatment with control of blood pressure. <b>Results</b> Rates of treatment for hypertension varied by insurance status and supply of health professionals. Hypertensive adults insured through Seguro Popular had a significantly higher probability of receiving antihypertensive treatment (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.78) and receiving antihypertensive treatment with control of blood pressure (1.35, 1.00 to 1.82). Greater supply of health professionals in areas with coverage through Seguro Popular was a significant predictor of antihypertensive treatment after adjusting for covariates (1.49, 1.00 to 2.20). <b>Conclusions</b> Expansion of healthcare coverage to uninsured people in Mexico was associated with greater use of antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure control, particularly in areas with a greater supply of health professionals.
Too Many Medical School Applicants
Authors: Richard L. Egan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This fall more than 13,000 students entered US medical schools. Another 23,500 persons who had applied were not admitted. Many of the rejected applicants had excellent, some even superior, qualifications. The harsh reality is that, despite the addition of more than 1,000 new places in medical schools this year, there is not room for all the qualified persons seeking admission. Ten years ago, when only 15,800 students applied for the 8,600 places in the first-year class, medical educators feared a shortage of well-qualified applicants. However, in the past decade, the number of applicants to medical school has varied almost directly with the number of baccalaureate degrees awarded by US colleges. The Office of Education has predicted that the number of college graduates will continue to increase at least until the 1980's. If this prediction is borne out, and if the present proportion of college graduates applying to medical schools persists,
Localization of the membrane defect in transepithelial transport of taurine by parallel studies in vivo and in vitro in hypertaurinuric mice.
Authors: R W Chesney, C R Scriver, F Mohyuddin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

We investigated the mechanism of taurinuria in three inbred strains of mice: A/J, a normal taurine excretor (taut+); and two hypertaurinuric (taut-) strains, C57BL/6J and PRO/Re. Plasma taurine is comparable in the three strains (approximately 0.5 mM), but taurinuria is 10-fold greater in taut- animals. Fractional reabsorption of taurine is 0.967 +/- 0.013 (mean +/- SD) in A/J); and 0.839 +/- 0.08 and 0.787 +/- 0.05 in C57BL/6J and PRO/Re, respectively. Taurine concentration in renal cortex intracellular fluid (free of urine contamination) is similar in the three strains. Taurine reabsorption is inhibited by beta-alanine, in taut+ and taut- strains. These in vivo findings reveal residual taurine transport activity in the taut- phenotype and no evidence for impaired efflux at basilar membranes as the cause of impaired taurine reabsorption. Cortex slices provide information about uptake of amino acids at the antiluminal membrane. Taurine behaves as an inert metabolite in mouse kidney cortex slices. Taurine uptake by slices is active and, at less than 1 mM, is greater than normal in taut- slices. Concentration-dependent uptake studies reveal more than one taurine carrier in taut+ and taut- strains. The apparent Km values for uptake below 1 mM are different in taut- and taut+ slices (approximately 0.2 mM and approximately 0.7 mM, respectively); the apparent Km values above 1 mM taurine are similar in taut+ and taut- slices. Efflux from slices in all strains in the same (0.0105-0.0113 mumol-min-1-g-1 wet wt), but taut- tissue retains about 10% more radioactivity over the period of efflux. beta-Alanine is actively metabolized in mouse kidney. Its uptake in the presence of blocked transamination, is greater; its intracellular oxidation is attenuated; and its exchange with intracellular taurine is diminished in taut- slices. These findings indicate impaired beta-amino acid permeation on a low-Km uptake system at the luminal membrane in the taut- phenotype. beta-Amino acids are not reclaimed efficiently either from the innermost luminal pool in cortex slices or from the ultrafiltrate in the tubule lumen in vivo. The former leads to high uptake ratios in vitro, the latter to high clearance rates in vivo. In vitro and in vivo data are thus concordant. This is the first time that a hereditary defect in amino acid transport has been assigned to a specific membrane surface in mammalian kidney.
Poor Response to Rabies Vaccination by the Intradermal Route
Authors: Charles V. Trimarchi
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Serologic confirmation of antibody titer is no longer recommended following primary rabies pre-exposure and postexposure vaccination with human diploid cell vaccine, except for immunosuppressed persons.<sup>1</sup>The foundation for this practice is the previous Centers for Disease Control experience that all persons receiving such vaccination have demonstrated an adequate antibody response (≥0.5 IU). On special request, the New York State Department of Health has continued to perform rabies serology for New York residents who have received preexposure rabies vaccination. During the period January 1,1990, through December 31, 1991, this laboratory tested serum from 201 patients vaccinated by the intradermal route. We identified 15 individuals in this group with rabies antibody titers of less than 0.5 IU in serum samples collected from 1 to 7 months following primary vaccination. All persons tested during the period who were vaccinated by the intramuscular route (N=11) and sampled within a comparable
Impact of early cytomegalovirus infection and disease on long-term recipient and kidney graft survival
Authors: Solbjørg Sagedal, Anders Hartmann, Knut P. Nordal, Kåre Osnes, Torbjørn Leivestad, Aksel Foss, Miklos Degré, Per Fauchald, Halvor Rollag
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI AND ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: Robert N. Nye, David Seegal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Blood cultures from 25 cases of acute rheumatic fever were negative for non-hemolytic streptococci of both the alpha and gamma types. 2. Non-hemolytic (gamma type) streptococci were frequently recovered from the throats of patients with this disease. 3. Similar organisms were recovered just as frequently from the throats of normal individuals. 4. Although these non-hemolytic streptococci were morphologically and culturally identical, not only amongst themselves, but also when compared with stock Small and Birkhaug strains, all, including the latter, have failed to show any noteworthy degree of homogeneity. 5. Representative strains of these streptococci have proved to be relatively non-pathogenic for rabbits following intravenous injection. 6. These organisms, with a few exceptions, have failed to produce soluble skin-reacting toxins comparable to Birkhaug's standard test toxin. 7. The foregoing facts seem to invalidate the assumption that any of these non-hemolytic streptococci play a specific rôle in the etiology of acute rheumatic fever.
THE SIBLING RELATIONSHIP IN GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH PUERTO RICAN SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: EDUARDO D. MALDONADO-SIERRA, RICHARD D. TRENT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

This paper summarizes one way a group psychotherapeutic process was made more culturally relevant for Puerto Rican schizophrenics. A three-member therapy team, representing the significant members of a family (father, mother and older sibling), was employed with each group of patients. Attention was focused upon the sibling's relationships in the therapy team and the ways in which the sibling's therapeutic maneuvers were employed in overcoming the intricate difficulties of establishing meaningful communication with the patients. The sibling's transactions in verbalizing the unconscious of the schizophrenic to the mother and father figures results in a rapid resolution of resistance for what was formerly deemed dreadful and secret, and which through repeated sibling verbalizations gradually acquires the appearance of the commonplace.
Myofibroblasts (M) and collagen type III (CIII): Codistribution in normal and diseased liver
Authors: G. Ballardini, F. Giostra, P. Groff, L.Badiali De Giorgi, M. Lenzi, M. Fusconi, F. Cassani, D. Zauli, F.B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Analysis of epsilon germline transcripts and IL‐4 mRNA expression in the adenoids suggests local IgE switching
Authors: K. Åström, G. Papatziamos, C. G. M. Magnusson, C. Hemlin, A. Scheynius, I. van der Ploeg
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: We have previously observed more frequent occurrence of IgE + and FcεRI + cells in adenoids of atopic than nonatopic children. To investigate the hypothesis that the adenoids are involved in IgE production, we analyzed the levels of ε germline (εGL), IL‐4, and IFN‐γ transcripts in the adenoids in relation to atopy and presence of ear disease. Methods: Adenoidectomy was performed on 19 atopic and 18 nonatopic children (median age 5 years, range 2–12 years) suffering from otitis media with effusion (OME) ( n =16) or obstructive adenoids hyperplasia (AH) ( n =21). The levels of εGL transcripts, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ mRNA were analyzed by competitive reverse transcriptase‐PCR. Results: εGL transcript levels in the adenoids were found to be dependent on IL‐4 mRNA expression ( P &lt;0.01) and serum IgE levels ( P &lt;0.05) ( R 2 =0.32, n =37). IL‐4 mRNA expression was associated with εGL transcript levels ( r s =0.32, P =0.05, n =37), especially among patients with AH ( r s =0.53, P =0.01, n =21). No significant differences in IL‐4 and IFN‐γ mRNA levels were observed between the groups. Conclusions: This study supports an IL‐4‐induced class switch to IgE production in the adenoids that might be of importance for inflammatory reactions in the upper respiratory tract.