tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C44: The identification and characterization of androgen-independent cells prior to hormonal manipulation in prostate cancer
Authors: Naoki Terada, Takumi Shiraishi, Yu Zeng, Koh-Meng Aw-Yong, Steven M. Mooney, Jun Luo, Prakash Kulkarni, Robert H. Getzenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: The Mechanisms contributing to androgen-independent progression in prostate cancer (PCa) are not fully elucidated. PCa lesions are heterogeneous and thus, it is important to understand whether among the heterogeneous collectives of cell types, androgen-independent cells exist prior to hormonal manipulation. The identification of these cells may predict patient prognosis as well as provide a better understanding of treatment resistance. Methods: LNCaP cells (10,000 cells in 10cm dish) were grown for 40 days in normal medium. Fifty colonies were selected and 22 subclones were established. To compare their androgen-dependence, six of these clones were grown in normal and androgen-depleted medium and their cell proliferation rates were examined. Between an androgen-dependent clone (LNCaP-ADc) and an androgen-independent clone (LNCaP-AIc) gene copy number and gene expression were compared using Human SNP array 6.0 and Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0, respectively. One of the genes differentially expressed between these clones was knocked down by siRNA in LNCaP cells and the influence on cell proliferation was evaluated. The expression levels of this gene in PCa tisssue samples were examined by real-time PCR. Results: Cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by androgen depletion in LNCaP-ADc, but not in LNCaP-AIc. Gene copy numbers were different at 1q (ADc&amp;lt;AIc) and 15q (ADc&amp;gt;AIc), indicating that these clones contain genetic differences. The most differentially expressed gene was SPRY1 (ADc&amp;gt;AIc, ratio=5.699). Knocking down of SPRY1enhanced proliferation and PSA expression of LNCaP cells. SPRY1 expression in PCa tissues were negatively associated with PSA recurrence after surgical treatment (p=0.0076). Conclusions: A random population of LNCaP cells comprises a genetically heterogeneous group of cells that have different levels of androgen dependence. Included among them are those that appear to be able to be resistant to androgen depletion. Among the changes associated with this independence, SPRY1 appears to be differentially expressed in such clones and may represent a novel biomarker for differentiating aggressive cells in PCa. Citation Format: Naoki Terada, Takumi Shiraishi, Yu Zeng, Koh-Meng Aw-Yong, Steven M. Mooney, Jun Luo, Prakash Kulkarni, Robert H. Getzenberg. The identification and characterization of androgen-independent cells prior to hormonal manipulation in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C44.
Mechanical properties of the lung in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
Authors: C P Warren, K S Tse, R M Cherniack
Journal: Thorax (1978)

The lung function of 14 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by exposure to mouldy hay (farmer's lung) or to birds (bird fancier's lung) was studied one week and four to six weeks after the last exposure to antigen. These data, together with lung mechanics measured four weeks after antigen exposure, were compared with measurements in 34 healthy non-smoking control subjects. Shortly after exposure to antigen there were reduction in lung volumes, increased elastic recoil (reduced compliance), and varied effects on expiratory flow and reduced gas transfer. With time, lung volumes and gas transfer improved, but expiratory flow often remained decreased. The data on lung mechanics showed that reduced compliance was often found, but this increased recoil did not always produce high airflow indicating increased upstream airways resistance. Patients with a longer duration of the illness tended to have increased compliance (reduced recoil) and low airflow. These results show that the described pathological changes of airway involvement, fibrosis, and emphysema in allergic alveolitis are manifest in the lung function of patients with the disease.
Intrathecal Therapy in Tetanus
Authors: Elias Abrutyn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the efficacy of intrathecal therapy with tetanus antibody (antitetanus equine serum or human tetanus immune globulin) in neonatal and adult tetanus using meta-analytical techniques. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Clinical trials identified by searching MEDLINE and by reviewing bibliographies of published articles. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Studies in English with concurrent controls treated without intrathecal therapy. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Data were extracted by one author and verified by the second; conflicts were resolved by discussion. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —No major treatment effect was found in neonatal tetanus when all studies were considered. A benefit was suggested for antitetanus equine serum in adult disease, but this finding should be accepted with caution. Subgroup analyses were limited in power. Methodological difficulties in neonatal and adult trials were common and safety has not been established. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Intrathecal therapy for tetanus with either antitetanus equine serum or human tetanus immune globulin is not of proven benefit and should only be given in the context of well-designed, controlled trials. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2262-2267)
Kennedy refused to read the General Medical Council's reports
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Professor Ian Kennedy , the chairman of the Bristol inquiry, tried to keep an open mind as he listened to parents' distressing stories. Clare Dyer talked to him

Professor Ian Kennedy's brother, Stuart, lost his life on the front lines of the NHS. A surgeon, he died while the Bristol inquiry was hearing evidence, after contracting hepatitis operating on a patient. In his report, Kennedy dedicated to his brother's memory “any contribution I may make to the future of the NHS.” That contribution will be substantial if the government implements even half of the inquiry's 198 recommendations.

If the main thrust of the report is taken on board, the NHS should move from a culture of “making do” and of blame and secrecy to a culture of safety, in which high standards are set and carefully monitored and mistakes are no longer covered up but openly acknowledged and learned from.

The first half of the inquiry dissected what went wrong at the Bristol Royal Infirmary in the 1980s and early ‘90s—the “club culture,” the sense of “us and them,” the dangerous physical setup on a split site, the lack of teamwork, and the surgeons, monitored only by themselves, who refused to accept what the mortality data told them.

“Bristol over-reached itself,” Kennedy says. “Its ambitions were too ambitious. It wasn't up …
β-Blockade in Older Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Daniel E. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  — Despite the consistent demonstration of benefit produced by β-blockade in the peri-infarct period, 1,2 a benefit that may be enhanced in the aged, 3 many clinicians seem to avoid this class of medications when treating older patients. To test the hypothesis that β-blockers may be underused in older cardiac patients, we conducted a retrospective study to determine whether use of β-blockers in the elderly is decreased out of proportion to the prevalence of contraindications.  We studied all patients 50 years and older who were hospitalized sometime between 1984 and 1990 at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass, for acute myocardial infarction. Of 4387 patients, 831 (19%) were prescribed propranolol hydrochloride, atenolol, timolol, or metoprolol therapy, at a decreasing rate with advancing age (Table). Prevalence of congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or delirium increased with age: 30% among those aged 50 to 59 years, 42% among
Antibiotic Combinations
Authors: Wilfred F. Jones, Maxwell Finland, Clare Wilcox, Ann Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THERE has been considerable interest in the past few years in the use of multiple antibacterial agents — engendered, in large measure, by the failure of available antimicrobials adequately to cope with increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant infections, notably staphylococcal infections in hospitals. This interest has been further stimulated by the possibilities that the combinations will exert a potentiating or synergistic action, broaden the spectrum of antibacterial activity, and avoid or delay the emergence or overgrowth of resistant species or of resistant variants of originally susceptible species of bacteria. Unfortunately, the haphazard and uncontrolled use of multiple antibiotics, as practiced by . . .
Health Status Identifies Heart Failure Outpatients at Risk for Hospitalization or Death
Authors: Paul A. Heidenreich, John A. Spertus, Philip G. Jones, William S. Weintraub, John S. Rumsfeld, Saif S. Rathore, Eric D. Peterson, Frederick A. Masoudi, Harlan M. Krumholz, Edward P. Havranek, Mark W. Conard, Randall E. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Lack of Mutations in<i>EGFR</i>in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Judith A. Gilbert, Ricardo V. Lloyd, Matthew M. Ames
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Lynch et al.1 and Paez et al.2 correlated the presence of somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the gene that encodes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with responsiveness to gefitinib in non–small-cell lung carcinoma. Neuroendocrine differentiation is present in a substantial number of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,3 and EGFR expression occurs in such tumors.4 We sought EGFR-activating mutations in a series of rare gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cancers. DNA was isolated from flash-frozen specimens of carcinoid and pancreatic endocrine tumors; EGFR exons 18, 19, and 21 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with primers . . .
Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes
Authors: Angelo Avogaro, Mattia Albiero, Lisa Menegazzo, Saula de Kreutzenberg, Gian Paolo Fadini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a two- to fourfold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is generally attributed to the adverse effects of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress on vascular biology. It has also been shown that patients with prediabetic conditions, such as impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well (1). This result suggests that abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism form a continuum that progressively worsens cardiovascular health; the first step of the adverse sequence of events that leads to the atherosclerotic process is thought to be endothelial dysfunction (2).

Vascular endothelial cells play a major role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In addition to providing a physical barrier between the vessel wall and lumen, the endothelium secretes a number of mediators that regulate platelet aggregation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and vascular tone. The term “endothelial dysfunction” refers to a condition in which the endothelium loses its physiological properties: the tendency to promote vasodilation, fibrinolysis, and anti-aggregation. Endothelial cells secrete several mediators that can alternatively mediate either vasoconstriction, such as endothelin-1 and thromboxane A2, or vasodilation, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. NO is the major contributor to endothelium-dependent relaxation in conduit arteries, whereas the contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor predominates in smaller resistance vessels.

In patients with diabetes, endothelial dysfunction appears to be a consistent finding; indeed, there is general agreement that hyperglycemia and diabetes lead to an impairment of NO production and activity. The endothelium has a limited intrinsic capacity of self-repair, being built up by terminally differentiated cells with a low proliferative potential. That is why endothelial repair is accomplished through the contribution of circulating cells, namely endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we will outline the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction …
EMPYEMA OF THE ANTRUM.
Authors: O. N. HEISE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In looking over the literature of the above-named subject I have again and again been impressed by the few references to the difference between a cystic empyema, so called, and a true empyema, the one being due to the encroachment of a dentinal or alveolar cyst to the antrum, the other a true infection of the antrum either from dental or nasal origin. In an article on empyema of the antrum in one of our leading dental journals not long ago I noticed a statement as follows: Within the last few years a comparatively new affection, frequently confounded with antral empyema, has appeared. Dentigerous cysts arise as you know about the tooth roots and slowly dilate the tissue at the root of the tooth. I quote this principally to show that affections of the teeth and alveolar process in relation to antral troubles do not receive the attention they deserve. If the
The Extraordinary Case of The Blue Hands
Authors: Dean M. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Thursday evening was a snowy night in Palmyra, Pa, where daughter Cher and family live. We tried our luck at contract bridge, only because the game at the Distelfink restaurant in Lancaster had attracted us.  After the game, Cher noticed that my hands looked blue, and she asked if I felt well. Looking at my hands, I felt a little woozy, so I sat down. One minute later I felt fine, and I let Cher drive me home since there was no sense in taking any chances. On the way, we noticed that my hands looked terrible—like those of a corpse. Again she asked if I felt well, and I said, I'm okay. At a fork in the road, she turned into the Hershey Medical Center.  It was about midnight when the nurse on duty asked what was the matter. I felt fine, but my hands were
Standards for Patient-Reported Outcome–Based Performance Measures
Authors: Ethan Basch, Phyllis Torda, Karen Adams
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A 31-Year-Old Woman With a Transformed Low-grade Glioma
Authors: Peter C. Warnke
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Low-grade gliomas in adults have an incidence of 0.8 to 1.2 per 100,000, and their causes are unknown. Despite their histological classification as low-grade, they cannot be cured by any current treatment mode, and no class I evidence exists to guide initial treatment of these tumors. Median survival ranges between 7.5 years and 10 years, with a 5-year survival probability between 55% and 86%. The prognosis depends on age, World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade, Karnofsky performance score, cytological type (oligodendroglioma vs astrocytoma), and, potentially, the extent of resection. Oligodendrogliomas with loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 1p and 19q have a distinctly more favorable prognosis and therapeutic response rate. Low-grade tumors progress to high-grade gliomas with aggressive biological behavior at increasing frequency with advancing age. Ms P is a young woman with a previously treated oligodendroglioma, WHO grade II, with loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 1p and 19q, which at a third resection had transformed into an oligodendroglioma of WHO grade III. She wants to know her current and future therapeutic options.
Highly elevated lactate dehydrogenase level in a healthy individual: A case of macro-LDH
Authors: Chava Perry, Hava Peretz, Ofira Ben-Tal, Amiram Eldor
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Macroenzymes are complexes of serum enzymes with a plasmatic protein. They have a higher molecular weight and a more prolonged serum half-life than those of unbound enzymes. Although macroenzymes may be found in the serum of post-myocardial infarction patients, they are not usually associated with any specific disease. Their presence, however, can use an elevation in the serum levels of an enzyme, possibly leading to errors in diagnosis. We report a patient with extremely elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) due to the formation of complexes with immunoglobulin G. She had undergone a myriad of clinical examinations until the macroenzyme responsible for this finding was detected. We also review the literature on the clinical significance of macro-LDH. We propose that awareness of this rare and probably benign phenomenon can spare the patient from the distress of exhaustive investigations. Am. J. Hematol. 55:39-40, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gated First Pass Radionuclide Ventriculography Methods, Validation, and Applications
Authors: DOUGLASS A. MORRISON, JoANN TURGEON, JON KOTLER, ROBERT HENRY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Electrocardiographic gating provides an alternative method of acquiring first pass radionuclide ventriculograms from both ventricles. This report details the methods of acquisition and analysis, provides validation and reproducibility data, and describes applications of gated first pass radionuclide ventriculography using a count-based method. Left ventricular ejection fractions measured by gated first pass were correlated quite closely with gated blood pool ventriculography (n=43; r=0.95) but less well with contrast angiography (n=23; r=0.72). The right ventricular ejection fractions measured by gated first pass compared favorably with gated blood pool ventriculography (n=32; r=0.93). When one observer processed the images two times, the reproducibilities of RVEF (n=10; r=0.99) and LVEF (n=10; r=0.88) were excellent. Similarly, when two observers processed the images independently, the reproducibilities of RVEF (n=11; r=0.99) and LVEF (n=11; r=0.98) were excellent. The first pass studies were obtained in a right anterior obliquity, which provided the best atrioventricular chamber separation and provided a different view of global ventricular function and segmental wall motion from that provided by the standard blood pool views.
Tyrosine phosphorylation modulates binding preference to cyclin-dependent kinases and subcellular localization of p27Kip1 in the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4
Authors: Christian Kardinal, Marc Dangers, Angelika Kardinal, Alexandra Koch, Dominique Tobias Brandt, Teruko Tamura, Karl Welte
Journal: Blood (2005)

We have investigated the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 using the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4 together with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Short-term G-CSF stimulation resulted in a rapid tyrosine dephosphorylation of p27Kip1 accompanied by a change in its binding preferences to cdks. On G-CSF stimulation, p27Kip1 dissociated from cdk4 and associated with cdk2. Binding assays with recombinant p27Kip1 confirmed that tyrosine-phosphorylated p27Kip1 preferentially bound to cdk4, whereas unphosphorylated protein preferentially associated with cdk2. In addition, studies with p27Kip1 point mutations revealed a decisive role of Tyr88 and Tyr89 in binding to cdk4. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Tyr88 and Tyr89 was accompanied by strong nuclear translocation of p27Kip1. Taken together, this report provides the first evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation of p27Kip1 plays a crucial role in binding to cdks and its subcellular localization. Moreover, both effects are mediated by application of G-CSF.
FDA committee votes to withdraw bevacizumab for breast cancer
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An advisory committee to the US Food and Drug Administration voted unanimously to withdraw approval of a top selling drug for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

The six member panel concluded on 29 June that bevacizumab (marketed by Genentech as Avastin) had not been shown to be either effective or safe for the treatment of breast cancer. The FDA is inviting public comment on the decision for one month before issuing a final ruling.

This unusual action comes after several surprising developments in the approval process of bevacizumab.

In February 2008 Genentech was granted “accelerated approval” to use bevacizumab to treat breast cancer. The approval relied on a key study, known as E2100, that tested paclitaxel (marketed as Taxol) alone versus bevacizumab together with paclitaxel. The decision was seen as highly unusual, because the study used a controversial primary end point of “progression-free survival.”

Ralph D’Agostino, professor of …
Health Care for the Poor
Authors: Michael E. Whitcomb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Providing health care for the poor is one of the important public-policy problems confronting our society. It is well recognized that the size of the budget deficit imposes a formidable constraint on the development of a federal solution to this problem. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the possibility that political conflict between the advocates for the two principal groups now served by federal health programs — the elderly and the poor — also may impede the development of an effective way to provide health care for the poor.The potential conflict between advocates for the poor and . . .
Schools for Cure of Stammering.
Authors: G. Hudson-Makuen
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Among the many forms of quackery now so prevalent there is probably none so seductive or so susceptible of harm, at least to the patient's pocketbook, as the average institution for the cure of stammering and other defects of speech. The following letter, sent to a patient in reply to a request for information with reference to the treatment of a defect of speech due to a cleft palate, is typical and illustrative of the methods employed: <h3>My Dear Sir:</h3> —Glad to give you the best of cheer, in the assurance that your case falls well within the purview of my art. One of the most successful pieces of work I ever did was with a Miss T., of Phoenixville, Pa., who had precisely the elements of difficulty that you describe. In a few days her stammering has disappeared, and then, in a
Immune-Mediated Pore-Forming Pathways Induce Cellular Hypercitrullination and Generate Citrullinated Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Violeta Romero, Justyna Fert-Bober, Peter A. Nigrovic, Erika Darrah, Uzma J. Haque, David M. Lee, Jennifer van Eyk, Antony Rosen, Felipe Andrade
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

RA-associated hypercitrullination is specifically induced by immune-mediated membrane pore-forming pathways.