tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Search for Genes That Suppress Cancer Metastasis
Authors: I. J. Fidler, R. Radinsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

consequences. New York: Vintage, 1988:66-96. (14) Weed DL. Causal and preventive inference. In: Greenwald P, Kramer B, Weed DL, editors. Cancer prevention and control. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995:285-302. (15) McMullin E. Underdetermination. J Med Philos 1995;20:233-52. (16) Schlesselman JJ. Proof of cause and effect in epidemiological studies: criteria for judgment Prev Med 1987; 16:195-210. (17) Michels KB, Willett WC. Does induced or spontaneous abortion affect the risk of breast cancer Epidemiology 1996;7:521 -8. (18) Brind J, Chinchilli VM, Severs WB, Summy-Long J. Induced abortion as an independent risk factor for breast cancer a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996;50:481-%. (19) Daling JR, Malone KE, Voigt LF, White E, Weiss NS. Risk of breast cancer among young women: relationship to induced abortion [see comment citation in Medline]. J Nad Cancer Inst 1994;86:1584-92. (20) Remennick LI. Induced abortion as cancer risk factor: a review of epidemiological evidence. J Epidemiol Community Health 1990;44:259-64. (21) Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:3fr47. (22) Rosenberg L. Induced abortion and breast cancer more scientific data are needed [editorial] [see comment citation in Medline]. J Nat! Cancer Inst 1994;86:1569-70. (23) Gammon MD, Benin JE, Terry MB Abortion and the risk of breast cancer. Is there a believable association? [editorial] [see comment citation in Medline]. JAMA 1996;275:321-2. (24) Weed DL. Epistemology and ethics in epidemiology. In: Coughlin SS, Beauchamp TL, editors. Ethics and epidemiology. New York: Oxford, 1996:76-94. (25) Fritschi L, Siemiatycki J, Richardson L. Self-assessed versus expert-assessed occupational exposures. Am J Epidemiol 19%; 144:521 -7. (26) Wacholder S, Armstrong B, Hartge P. Validation studies using an alloyed gold standard [see comment citations in Medline]. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:1251-8. (27) Joffe M. Validity of exposure data derived from a structured questionnaire [see comment citation in Medline]. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:564-70. (28) Flegal KM, Brownie C, Haas JD. The effects of exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risk. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 123:736-51. (29) Susser M, Susser E. Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology [see comment citations in Medline]. Am J Public Health 1996;86:674-7.
Somatic and heritable effects of environmental genotoxins and the emergence of evolutionary toxicology.
Authors: J W Bickham, M J Smolen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The genetic effects of environmental pollutants include mutations in somatic cells or germinal cells that are the direct result of exposure to toxicants. Biomarkers that detect such mutagenic effects have been developed and tested in field studies on wildlife populations. However, another class of genetic effects resulting from pollution exposure exists. Specifically, changes in allele frequencies of populations will occur as a result of population bottlenecks, inbreeding, or selection at loci critical for survival in polluted environments. We describe how such genetic alterations can be studied at the population level using the techniques of molecular genetics, and we predict the development of a new field, evolutionary toxicology, that will address such issues.
Felix Platter and Dupuytren's Contraction
Authors: William G. Niederland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Your essay on Felix Platter (Platerus, 1536-1614), anatomist, clinician, and official physician to the city of Basle ( 203 : 357, 1968) was of great interest to me. In a paper on the clinical and historical aspects of Dupuytren's Contracture, ( Z Gewerbepath Gewerbehygiene  3 :23, 1932), I mentioned the fact that Platter was the first author who described these clinical manifestations more than 200 years before Dupuytren. He did so in the following words:  Insignis artifex lapicida quidam, saxum immensem volvens, adeo tendinas in sinistrae manus vola ad digitos, annularem et minimum definentes, ei attracti sunt, ut illi a vinculis quibus retinentur, laxati elevatique, duas chordas sub cute tensas in altum refferent, contractique duo hi digiti et attracti, postea semper manserint.  This description can be found in Platter's treatise, Observationum in Hominis Affectibus (1614), mentioned in your biographical essay. His description of what Dupuytren later (1832) called retraction permanente
Modulation of Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection by the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Costimulatory Molecule
Authors: James L. Riley, Katia Schlienger, Patrick J. Blair, Beatriz Carreno, Nancy Craighead, Daniel Kim, Richard G. Carroll, Carl H. June
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

CD4 T cells activated in vitro by anti-CD3/28–coated beads are resistant to infection by CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-dependent HIV-1 isolates. In vivo, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activate CD4 T cells in part by signaling through the T cell receptor and CD28, yet cells stimulated in this manner are susceptible to HIV-1 infection. We show that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) engagement counteracts the CD28 antiviral effects, and that the ratio of CTLA-4 to CD28 engagement determines the susceptibility of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, unopposed CTLA-4 signaling provided by CD28 blockade promotes vigorous HIV-1 replication, despite minimal T cell proliferation. Finally, CTLA-4 antibodies decrease the susceptibility of antigen-activated CD4 T cells to HIV, suggesting a potential approach to prevent or limit viral spread in HIV-1–infected individuals.
Antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: K. AHMADI, C. WILSON, H. TIWANA, A. EBRINGER, K. AHMADI, S. SHANMUGANATHAN, A. BINDER, A. EBRINGER
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

The strong link between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and HLA-B27 has been well established.1 Any aetiological agent or mechanism implicated in AS must provide an explanation for the link with HLA-B27. An amino acid sequence homology, QTDRED, found in the variable region of B*2705, (residues 72–77) and the KP2 component of Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase enzyme (residues 188–193) has been reported.2 Furthermore, AS patients were shown to have increased concentrations of antibodies to a homologous sequence of both B*27052 3 and the KP2 component of K pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase2 although some workers have been unable to confirm these results.4 Antibody affinity is often lower with peptide sequences compared with binding by the native protein and this could be because of conformational changes between peptide and the native protein molecule, thereby accounting for these differences in reactivity.

In the light of these conflicting findings, this study was undertaken to measure antibodies to the native KP2 component of nitrogenase reductase enzyme of K pneumoniae , to determine if it has a …
Abstract 4046: Kinetic quantification of caspase-3/7 mediated apoptosis using live-cell imaging
Authors: Daniel M. Appledorn, Thomas Nelson, Tim Dale, Susana Alcantara, Katherine Artymovich, Eric W. Endsley, Derek J. Trezise, Vince E. Groppi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Apoptosis, the biological process by which cells undergo programmed cell death, is required for normal tissue maintenance and development. However, aberrations in apoptotic signaling networks are implicated in numerous human diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Stimulation of either the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathways triggers a signaling cascade that typically results in the activation of executioner caspase-3. Numerous in vitro assays have been designed to measure the activation of caspase-3. The majority of these assays utilize reagent substrates that incorporate the DEVD motif which is recognized by both activated caspases 3 and 7. Such assays result in single, user-defined time point measurements of caspase-3/7 activity and typically require multiple wash steps or cell lifting prior to data collection; potentially resulting in the loss of cells or critical data in experiments where cells undergo apoptosis at different rates according to treatment conditions. In this study, we optimized an assay system incorporating a bi-functional reagent containing the DEVD motif linked to a DNA dye for use on the IncuCyte FLR imaging system. When added to cell culture growth medium, this relatively inert, non-fluorescent molecule crosses the cell membrane where it is available to be a substrate for activated caspase-3/7. The reaction product is a green fluorescent DNA dye that labels the nuclei of cells undergoing apoptosis. Our data show that this strategy can quantitatively measure the kinetic activation of caspase-3/7 through extrinsic stimulation of human tumor derived MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells, HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells, A549 lung epithelial carcinoma cells, and HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells following treatment with TNFα and cycloheximide. Moreover, we exemplify the use of this strategy in 96-well plate screening protocols using both HT 1080 and MDA-MB-231 cells to measure the induction of caspase-3/7 activity in the presence of staurosporine, a well-known general protein kinase inhibitor and inducer of caspase-3/7 mediated apoptosis with Z’ values α0.6. We provide evidence that this stable, kinetic, mix-and-read assay can provide both quantitative and qualitative assessments of caspase-3/7 activity using fluorescent images and high-definition phase contrast images, respectively. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4046. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4046
Playing the waiting game as bombs drop on Iraq
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As the coalition forces dropped the first bombs in the war in Iraq, aid agencies and United Nations teams were working around the clock in bordering countries to prepare for a predicted influx of refugees.

Although estimates of the size of the likely population movements vary widely, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Activities (UNOCHA) estimates that as the war escalates between 600000 and 1.1 million people may flee the country to neighbouring Iran, Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait.

As the BMJ went to press, the United Nations also warned of a potential humanitarian crisis in Iraq's second city, Basra. Secretary general Kofi Annan called for urgent measures to help the 1.5 million residents of Basra who were facing the threat of disease from a lack of clean water.

Fighting had continued in Basra for four days and 100000 children were now at risk. A UN official in Amman, Jordan, said many people were now taking water from the Shatt-al-Arab river where sewage was dumped, with the result that diarrhoea was likely and children were seriously at risk.

But …
Louis Morin, M.D., Botanist, and Dr. Johnson
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

LOUIS Morin, physician and botanist, has received no notice, in the annals of medical history. Yet his name, like those of his fellow physician botanists, Tournefort, Denis Dodart and Guy Crescent Fagon, lives quietly in the annals of botany as the generic name of a plant.1 Samuel Johnson's "A panegyric on Dr. Morin," translated from an "Éloge" by Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle,2 was first printed in the Gentleman's Magazine in 1741.3 This short sketch of the French botanist is the only one available in English, and is valuable for Johnson's translation and comments, which are in the form of . . .
Tissue Reactions to Organotin-Stabilized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Catheters
Authors: Wallace L. Guess
Journal: JAMA (1968)

There has been an increasing incidence of glottic inflammatory reactions. A search of the literature for a cause disclosed that leachable substances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) could cause tissue injury. A study revealed that PVC slivers cut from some catheters intended for endotracheal use caused toxic reactions when implanted in rabbit muscle. Cell culture studies were corroborative. The toxic substance was identified as an organotin compound. The investigators concluded that plastic devices for use in human patients should not contain organotin stabilizers or any other leachable toxic agent, and that standards for plastic devices used in medical practice should be established.
The Effect of Projection in Esophageal Transit Scintigraphy
Authors: HERBERT A. KLEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Data from esophageal transit scintigraphy with swallowing of Tc-99m sulfur colloid in water in the supine position were studied to determine the effect of posterior as compared with anterior imaging. Net attenuation was less with the anterior projection. Nonetheless, the posterior projection is favored because of more uniform attenuation.
Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
Authors: Clark T. Sawin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 October 1996Resistance to Thyroid HormoneClark T. Sawin, MDClark T. Sawin, MDBoston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, MA 02146Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I was delighted to read Dr. DeGroot's erudite letter; he is quite right in almost every respect. Voltaire also said that “history is no more than the portrayal of crimes and misfortunes,” a view to which neither I nor, I suspect, Dr. DeGroot would subscribe. I lean toward Francis Bacon (“histories make men wise”) or Abraham Lincoln (“we cannot escape history”).My editorial was a brief overview of the idea of failure to respond well to hormones and was aimed at putting the concept of resistance to thyroid hormone in context. The details of the specific story of ...References1. Brucker-Davis F, Skarulis MC, Grace MB, Benichou J, Hauser P, Wiggs E, et al. Genetic and clinical features of 42 kindreds with resistance to thyroid hormone. The National Institutes of Health Prospective Study. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:572-83. Google Scholar2. Refetoff S. Resistance to thyroid hormone: an historical overview. Thyroid. 1994; 4:345-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, MA 02146 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsCrimeFallsPhenotypesThyroid hormones Issue Published: 1 October 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
DRUG-ELUTING STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION: A COMPARISON WITH SIROLIMUS, PACLITAXEL, ZOTAROLIMUS, BIOLIMUSA9, EPC CAPTURE AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Shotaro Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts in smeared tumor tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chien-Jen Chen, Yu-Jing Zhang, Sheng-Nan Lu, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Aflatoxins are well-known animal hepatocarcinogens, but the association between aflatoxins and human hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be elucidated. A study method consisting of indirect immunofluorescence assay combined with densitometry was developed to quantitate aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts in smeared liver tissue obtained at the time of biopsy for diagnosis in 50 hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Taiwan. Monoclonal antibody 6A10, generated against the persistent form of the major N7 guanine adduct of aflatoxin B1, was used for detection of adduct. Thirty-five (70%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples had detectable levels of aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts (> or = 1/10(6) nucleotides). The detection rate was slightly lower in men (69%) than in women (75%), and younger patients had a significantly higher rate of adducts (83%) than did older ones (58%). Carriers of both HBsAg and HBeAg, carriers of HBsAg only and noncarriers had different rates of detection: 29%, 74% and 82%, respectively. Patients with family histories of hepatocellular carcinoma had a higher detection rate (100%) than did those patients without such histories (67%). No association was found between aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts in liver tissue and Child's score for severity of liver disease. The results suggest that aflatoxin B1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Our immunohistochemical method for analysis of adducts in small numbers of cells from the target organ should improve results of monitoring for the biologically effective dose of aflatoxin.
Combined use of phospholipid complexes and self-emulsifying microemulsions for improving the oral absorption of a BCS class IV compound, baicalin
Authors: Huiyi Wu, Xiaoying Long, Fei Yuan, Li Chen, Sujing Pan, Yunjun Liu, Yoshiko Stowell, Xiaoling Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

The aim of this study was to develop a formulation to improve the oral absorption of baicalin (BA) by combining a phospholipid complex (PC) and self-emulsifying microemulsion drug delivery system (SMEDDS), termed BA-PC-SMEDDS. BA-PC was prepared by a solvent evaporation method and evaluated by complexation percentage (CP). The physicochemical properties of BA-PC were determined. The synergistic effect of PC and SMEDDS on permeation of BA was studied in vitro with Caco-2 cells and in situ with a single pass intestinal perfusion model. The improved bioavailability of BA in BA-PC-SMEDDS was confirmed in an in vivo rat model. The CP of BA-PC reached 100% when the molar ratio of drug to phospholipid (PP) was ≥1:1. The solubility of BA-PC increased in both water and octanol, and the log P o/w of BA-PC was increased significantly. BA-PC-SMEDDS could be dispersed more evenly in water, compared to BA and BA-PC. Both the Caco-2 cell uptake and single-pass intestinal perfusion models illustrated that transport of BA in BA-PC was lower than that of free BA, while improved significantly in BA-PC-SMEDDS. The relative bioavailability of BA-PC(1:2)-SMEDDS was 220.37%. The combination system of PC and SMEDDS had a synergistic effect on improving the oral absorption of BA.
Time to vaccinate boys against HPV infection and cancer, say parliamentarians with special interest in public health
Authors: J. Baron, P. Beresford, J. Gould, K. Patel, P. Nash, M. Freer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) is currently considering whether the current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme should be extended beyond its current target group (12-13 year old girls).1 As parliamentarians with a special interest in different areas of public health, we would like to make clear our view that all adolescent boys, as well as girls, should be offered the …
Do Abstinence-Plus Interventions Reduce Sexual Risk Behavior among Youth?
Authors: Shari L Dworkin, John Santelli
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Abstinence until marriage has emerged as a primary policy goal in efforts to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health—in the United States and increasingly world-wide. While few would argue with abstinence as a personal choice (no one should be forced to have sex), there are serious questions about whether government promotion of abstinence should be a public health goal. Marriage is not free of HIV risk. Early marriage—particularly of young women to older, sexually experienced men—carries a substantial risk of HIV infection. Around the globe, a young woman's primary risk of HIV infection is often through sex with her husband [1].

Sexual intercourse is almost universally initiated during adolescence worldwide. By age 20, 77% of young people in the US have initiated sex, and 76% have had premarital sex [2]. By age 25, over 90% people have had sex, with only about 3% waiting for marriage. Over the past 40 years, the median age at first intercourse has dropped (and stabilized) to age 17 in most developed countries [3]. Even more dramatic, however, has been the increasing age at marriage. In the United States, between 1970 and 2002 the median age at first sex for young women fell from 19 to 17 years, while the median age at marriage rose from 20 to 25 [4]. These enormous demographic changes stand in sharp contrast to the modest impact of health education in promoting abstinence or the small decline during the 1990s in sexual activity.
It's Almost Over— More Letters on Debbie
Authors: G. B. Humphrey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article "'Doctors Must Not Kill,"' written by a number of leaders in the field of medical ethics, is a statement by responsible individuals.<sup>1</sup>I support their position. However, the statement, "In the Netherlands, where the barriers to physician's killing are gone," is in my opinion unfair and incorrect. While euthanasia is performed in the Netherlands, there is no legalization of euthanasia in this country. Our situation was recently summarized by Dr Else Borst-Eilers, vice chairperson of the Health Council of the Netherlands.<sup>2</sup>A legal "barrier" does exist (although sometimes it is ignored), and many Dutch physicians set "personal barriers" from their own ethical and religious convictions to the performance of euthanasia as well. I can speak best concerning the situation in pediatric oncology. While there might be room for discussion about euthanasia in adults, I feel very strongly that euthanasia should not be