tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Aortic Stiffness Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Importance of Glycemic Control
Authors: Marcel T. Ferreira, Nathalie C. Leite, Claudia R.L. Cardoso, Gil F. Salles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE The correlates of serial changes in aortic stiffness in patients with diabetes have never been investigated. We aimed to examine the importance of glycemic control on progression/regression of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective study, two cf-PWV measurements were performed with the Complior equipment in 417 patients with type 2 diabetes over a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. Clinical laboratory data were obtained at baseline and throughout follow-up. Multivariable linear/logistic regressions assessed the independent correlates of changes in cf-PWV. RESULTS Median cf-PWV increase was 0.11 m/s per year (1.1% per year). Overall, 212 patients (51%) increased/persisted with high cf-PWV, while 205 (49%) reduced/persisted with low cf-PWV. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated direct associations between cf-PWV changes and mean HbA1c during follow-up (partial correlation 0.14, P = 0.005). On logistic regression, a mean HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) was associated with twofold higher odds of having increased/persistently high cf-PWV during follow-up. Furthermore, the rate of HbA1c reduction relative to baseline levels was inversely associated with cf-PWV changes (partial correlation −0.11, P = 0.011) and associated with reduced risk of having increased/persistently high aortic stiffness (odds ratio 0.82 [95% CI 0.69–0.96]; P = 0.017). Other independent correlates of progression in aortic stiffness were increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate between the two cf-PWV measurements, older age, female sex, and presence of dyslipidemia and retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Better glycemic control, together with reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, was the most important correlate to attenuate/prevent progression of aortic stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Disordered eicosanoid formation in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Authors: E A Meagher, G A FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1993)

the highest blood pressures being recorded at night - marked vasoconstriction, hemoconcentration, increased vascular permeability to macromolecules, decreased renal blood flow, and coagulation abnormalities.17-'9This review will concentrate on the role that eicosanoids may play in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Physicians: How Many Do We Need?
Authors: LINDA H. AIKEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorials1 July 1980Physicians: How Many Do We Need?LINDA H. AIKEN, PH.D.LINDA H. AIKEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-1-135 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring recent decades the federal government has assumed a larger share of the costs of medical education. As public subsidies have increased, Congress has become more interested in knowing how many doctors of what types are required to best meet the needs of the American public. Until 1976 federal policy was straightforward. It encouraged expansion in the supply of physicians. But debate over the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act in 1976 highlighted the difficulties of solving existing access problems by simply increasing the supply of physicians while ignoring a generalist-to-specialist imbalance and the continuing problems of geographic maldistribution. In response...References1. . Forecasts of Physician Supply and Requirements. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office; April 1980 (Nos. 052-003-00746-1.) Google Scholar2. AIKENLEWISCRAIGMENDENHALLBLENDONROGERS LCJRRD. The contribution of specialists to the delivery of primary care: a new perspective. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1363-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . The Graduate Education of Physicians. Chicago: American Medical Association; 1966. Google Scholar4. ROGERSBLENDON DR. The changing American health scene: sometimes things get better. JAMA. 1977;237:1710-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ADAYANDERSENFLEMING LRG. Health Care in the U. S.: Equitable for Whom? Beverly Hills: Sage Publications; 1980. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LINDA H. AIKEN, PH.D.Affiliations: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Princeton, New Jersey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Future for Physician AssistantsJAMES F. CAWLEY, P.A.-C., M.P.H., JOHN E. OTT, M.D., CRAIG A. DeATLEY, P.A.-C.Doctors abroad and at home: American medical education in 1981 1 July 1980Volume 93, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 135-136KeywordsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Cataractous Eye Compressor: A New Instrument for Facilitating the Extraction of Cataract
Authors: J. V. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1857)

hands.The uirine was retained.He complained still of his lhead, but had perfect control over the splhincter ani.Mustard poultices were applied to the nape of the neck, and he -was ordered to continue the calomiel, etc. November 13lth.He was much worse; lhad become drowsy, and was with diIlictilty aroused.The breathing was somewhat oppressed.A large blister was applied between the shoulders.
A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia successfully treated with tacrolimus ointment
Authors: M. Mashiko, K. Yokota, Y. Yamanaka, K. Furuya
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia successfully treated with tacrolimus ointment Get access M. Mashiko, M. Mashiko Hakodate Central General Hospital, Dermatology, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan E‐mail: makikasai1978@yahoo.co.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Yokota, K. Yokota Hakodate Central General Hospital, Dermatology, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Yamanaka, Y. Yamanaka Hakodate Central General Hospital, Dermatology, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Furuya K. Furuya Hakodate Central General Hospital, Dermatology, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 4, 1 April 2006, Pages 803–804, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07178.x Published: 01 April 2006
Blocking the CD40L-CD40 interaction in vivo specifically prevents the priming of T helper 1 cells through the inhibition of interleukin 12 secretion.
Authors: E Stuber, W Strober, M Neurath
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The recent finding that CD40L on activated T cells induces interleukin (IL) 12 secretion in human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro suggests that the CD40L-CD40 interaction may be of importance in the priming of T helper (Th) 1-type T cells. We therefore investigated the in vivo relevance of this interaction in an experimental model for a Th1-mediated disease, the hapten reagent (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid [TNBS])-induced colitis. The administration of anti-gp39 (CD40L) antibodies during the induction phase of the Th1 response prevented interferon gamma production by lamina propria CD4+ T cells and also clinical and histological evidence of disease. In contrast, the secretion of IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine, was increased after anti-gp39 treatment. In further studies we showed that the prevention of disease activity was caused by an inhibition of IL-12 secretion, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the injection of recombinant IL-12 p70 heterodimer into TNBS + anti-gp39-treated mice reversed the effect of anti-gp39 and resulted in severe disease activity. When anti-gp39 was given after the disease was established, no effect on the disease activity was observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the CD40L-CD40 interaction is crucial for the in vivo priming of Th1 T cells via the stimulation of IL-12 secretion by antigen-presenting cells (APC).
Anticounterfeiting agreement will hinder trade in generic drugs, protesters say
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Several thousand people took to the streets in Germany on Saturday 9 June to protest against proposed new anticounterfeiting controls, which they say will harm the production of generic drugs across the world and consequently reduce poor people’s access to them.

The day of action, which was organised to stop the implementation of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), also produced demonstrations in London, Brussels, Vienna, the Netherlands, and Sweden.

Protestors said that the “undemocratic” agreement would harm fundamental rights and curb access to essential, affordable drugs in Europe and in developing countries that have not participated in negotiations.

Tessel Mellema, a …
THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER AND MENTAL HYGIENE
Authors: H. DOUGLAS SINGER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the average medical practitioner the subject of mental hygiene is more or less a closed book.At the most, its mention probably arouses little more than vague ideas concerning sets of mental tests or insanity.Few physicians appreciate the importance of mental training and its consequences, most being content to think that all that is necessary for healthy mentality is the possession of a healthy body.The fallacy of this view has been very strongly emphasized by the results of examinations and experience in the building up of our new Army.The exemption boards have rejected something like one third of all drafted men, and one may take it for granted that none of the more obvious defects in construction have been overlooked in this process.And yet of the selected two thirds accepted for service by these boards, over 1 per cent.have been found unfit because of some mental or nervous deficiency.What
Associations of Tobacco Control Policies With Birth Outcomes
Authors: Summer Sherburne Hawkins, Christopher F. Baum, Emily Oken, Matthew W. Gillman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

IMPORTANCEIt is unclear whether the benefits of tobacco control policies extend to pregnant women and infants, especially among racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic populations that are at highest risk for adverse birth outcomes.OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of state cigarette taxes and the enactment of smoke-free legislation with US birth outcomes according to maternal race/ethnicity and education.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a quasi-experimental approach, we analyzed repeated cross sections of US natality files with 16 198 654 singleton births from 28 states and Washington, DC, between 2000 and 2010.We first used probit regression to model the associations of 2 tobacco control policies with the probability that a pregnant woman smoked (yes or no).We then used linear or probit regression to estimate the associations of the policies with birth outcomes.We also examined the association of taxes with birth outcomes across maternal race/ethnicity and education.EXPOSURES State cigarette taxes and smoke-free restaurant legislation.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Birth weight (in grams), low birth weight (<2500 g), preterm delivery (<37 weeks), small for gestational age (<10th percentile for gestational age and sex), and large for gestational age (>90th percentile for gestational age and sex).RESULTS White and black mothers with the least amount of education (0-11 years) had the highest prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy (42.4% and 20.0%, respectively) and the poorest birth outcomes, but the strongest responses to cigarette taxes.Among white mothers with a low level of education, every $1.00 increase in the cigarette tax reduced the level of smoking by 2.4 percentage points (-0.0024 [95% CI, -0.0004 to -0.0001]), and the birth weight of their infants increased by 5.41 g (95% CI, 1.92-8.89g).Among black mothers with a low level of education, tax increases reduced smoking by 2.1 percentage points (-0.0021 [95% CI, -0.0003 to -0.0001]), and the birth weight of their infants increased by 3.98 g (95% CI, 1.91-6.04g).Among these mothers, tax increases also reduced the risk of having low-birth-weight, preterm, and small-for-gestational-age babies, but increased the risk of having large-for-gestational-age babies.Associations were weaker among higher-educated black women and largely null among higher educated white women and other groups.We did not find evidence for an association of smoke-free restaurant legislation with birth outcomes.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increases in the cigarette tax are associated with improved health outcomes related to smoking among the highest-risk mothers and infants.Considering that US states increase cigarette taxes for reasons other than to improve birth outcomes, these findings are welcome by-products of state policies.
Diagnosis of closed neural tube defects by ultrasound in second trimester of pregnancy.
Authors: V D Hood, H P Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Diagnosis of closed neural tube defects by ultrasound in second trimester of pregnancy By applying the techniques of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening and amniotic fluid AFP studies it is now possible to detect over 90% of open fetal neural tube defects1 2 early in the second trimester of pregnancy.Campbell3 has reported similar success rates in visualising both anencephaly and open spinal defects by ultrasound at this stage of pregnancy in "at risk" patients.In general, AFP studies do not identify fetuses with dosed defects, nor have there been any reports of the ultrasound diagnosis of such cases before 20 weeks.We describe two cases of closed defects diagnosed by ultrasound at 18 weeks.
Treatment with beta‐blockers in nurse‐led heart failure clinics: Titration efficacy and predictors of failure
Authors: Finn Gustafsson, Morten Schou, Lars Videbæk, Tonny Nielsen, Hans Ulriksen, John Markenvard, Tage Lysbo Svendsen, Henrik Ryde, Else Vigholt, Per Hildebrandt
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Opposing Effects of Toll-like Receptor (TLR3) Signaling in Tumors Can Be Therapeutically Uncoupled to Optimize the Anticancer Efficacy of TLR3 Ligands
Authors: Rosa Conforti, Yuting Ma, Yannis Morel, Carine Paturel, Magali Terme, Sophie Viaud, Bernard Ryffel, Maria Ferrantini, Ravindra Uppaluri, Robert Schreiber, Christophe Combadière, Nathalie Chaput, Fabrice André, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Many cancer cells express Toll-like receptors (TLR) that offer possible therapeutic targets. Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid [poly(A:U)] is an agonist of the Toll-like receptor TLR3 that displays anticancer properties. In this study, we illustrate how the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects of this agent can be uncoupled to therapeutic advantage. We took advantage of two TLR3-expressing tumor models that produced large amounts of CCL5 (a CCR5 ligand) and CXCL10 (a CXCR3 ligand) in response to type I IFN and poly(A:U), both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional chemotherapy or in vivo injection of poly(A:U), alone or in combination, failed to reduce tumor growth unless an immunochemotherapeutic regimen of vaccination against tumor antigens was included. CCL5 blockade improved the efficacy of immunochemotherapy, whereas CXCR3 blockade abolished its beneficial effects. These findings show how poly(A:U) can elicit production of a range of chemokines by tumor cells that reinforce immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects. Optimizing the anticancer effects of TLR3 agonists may require manipulating these chemokines or their receptors.
Interleukin 7 production and function in stromal cell-dependent B cell development.
Authors: T Sudo, M Ito, Y Ogawa, M Iizuka, H Kodama, T Kunisada, S Hayashi, M Ogawa, K Sakai, S Nishikawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The role of IL-7 in the stromal cell-dependent B cell development was investigated using two stromal cell clones, ST2 and PA6; the former supports B lymphopoiesis while the latter can not. We demonstrate here that: (a) the ability of the stromal cell clone to produce IL-7 correlates well with the stromal cell activity to support B lymphopoiesis; (b) IL-7 production by ST2 is inducible rather than constitutive; (c) the IL-7-dependent B cell itself is a potent inducer of IL-7 production by ST2; (d) addition of rIL-7 to the PA6 layer renders this in vitro environment B lymphopoietic; and (e) the differentiation from early B progenitor to pre-B cell requires both IL-7 and other stromal cell molecule(s) yet to be identified.
Parkin is a lipid-responsive regulator of fat uptake in mice and mutant human cells
Authors: Kye-Young Kim, Mark V. Stevens, M. Hasina Akter, Sarah E. Rusk, Robert J. Huang, Alexandra Cohen, Audrey Noguchi, Danielle Springer, Alexander V. Bocharov, Tomas L. Eggerman, Der-Fen Suen, Richard J. Youle, Marcelo Amar, Alan T. Remaley, Michael N. Sack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

It has long been hypothesized that abnormalities in lipid biology contribute to degenerative brain diseases. Consistent with this, emerging epidemiologic evidence links lipid alterations with Parkinson disease (PD), and disruption of lipid metabolism has been found to predispose to α-synuclein toxicity. We therefore investigated whether Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase found to be defective in patients with early onset PD, regulates systemic lipid metabolism. We perturbed lipid levels by exposing Parkin+/+ and Parkin–/– mice to a high-fat and -cholesterol diet (HFD). Parkin–/– mice resisted weight gain, steatohepatitis, and insulin resistance. In wild-type mice, the HFD markedly increased hepatic Parkin levels in parallel with lipid transport proteins, including CD36, Sr-B1, and FABP. These lipid transport proteins were not induced in Parkin–/– mice. The role of Parkin in fat uptake was confirmed by increased oleate accumulation in hepatocytes overexpressing Parkin and decreased uptake in Parkin–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts and patient cells harboring complex heterozygous mutations in the Parkin-encoding gene PARK2. Parkin conferred this effect, in part, via ubiquitin-mediated stabilization of the lipid transporter CD36. Reconstitution of Parkin restored hepatic fat uptake and CD36 levels in Parkin–/– mice, and Parkin augmented fat accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These results demonstrate that Parkin is regulated in a lipid-dependent manner and modulates systemic fat uptake via ubiquitin ligase–dependent effects. Whether this metabolic regulation contributes to premature Parkinsonism warrants investigation.
T cell receptor–induced phosphoinositide-3-kinase p110δ activity is required for T cell localization to antigenic tissue in mice
Authors: Sarah J. Jarmin, Rachel David, Liang Ma, Jan-Guo Chai, Hamlata Dewchand, Aya Takesono, Anne J. Ridley, Klaus Okkenhaug, Federica M. Marelli-Berg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The establishment of T cell–mediated inflammation requires the migration of primed T lymphocytes from the blood stream and their retention in antigenic sites. While naive T lymphocyte recirculation in the lymph and blood is constitutively regulated and occurs in the absence of inflammation, the recruitment of primed T cells to nonlymphoid tissue and their retention at the site are enhanced by various inflammatory signals, including TCR engagement by antigen-displaying endothelium and resident antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we investigated whether signals downstream of TCR ligation mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) subunit p110δ contributed to the regulation of these events. T lymphocytes from mice expressing catalytically inactive p110δ displayed normal constitutive trafficking and migratory responses to nonspecific stimuli. However, these cells lost susceptibility to TCR-induced migration and failed to localize efficiently to antigenic tissue. Importantly, we showed that antigen-induced T cell trafficking and subsequent inflammation was abrogated by selective pharmacological inhibition of PI3K p110δ activity. These observations suggest that pharmacological targeting of p110δ activity is a viable strategy for the therapy of T cell–mediated pathology.
10 Sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) followed by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria — a prospective study
Authors: C. Moench, A. Grebe, M. Schuchmann, S. Herber, M.B. Pitton, A.W. Lohse, P.R. Galle, G. Otto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Genome-wide association study identifies variants at 9p21 and 22q13 associated with development of cutaneous nevi
Authors: Mario Falchi, Veronique Bataille, Nicholas K Hayward, David L Duffy, Julia A Newton Bishop, Tomi Pastinen, Alessandra Cervino, Zhen Z Zhao, Panos Deloukas, Nicole Soranzo, David E Elder, Jennifer H Barrett, Nicholas G Martin, D Timothy Bishop, Grant W Montgomery, Timothy D Spector
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
THE EFFECT OF CULTURE CHANGE ON THE NEGRO RACE IN VIRGINIA, AS INDICATED BY A STUDY OF STATE HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
Authors: DAVID C. WILSON, EDNA M. LANTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. A study of white and Negro patients hospitalized for mental illness in the State of Virginia shows a higher ratio for Negro patients when the rate per 100,000 population of respective races is considered. Also there is a tremendous increase of Negro admissions now as compared to 1914. 2. This same finding is reflected in a study of first admissions of the mentally ill. 3. This difference is not due to mental deficiency, alcoholism or epilepsy without psychosis. 4. The difference is due in the main to the number of Negroes admitted for senile psychosis, arteriosclerotic dementia, or schizophrenia. This figure is larger than that for similar white admissions and greater now than in 1918. 5. The number of Negroes admitted because of senile and arteriosclerotic diseases is not due to the admission of more older Negroes than white, because persons 65 and over make up a greater percentage of white admissions than of Negro. Also the increase in admissions of Negro patients 65 and over has not sufficiently increased over the years to explain the difference between admissions now and 40 years ago. 6. The rate of first admissions to mental hospitals per 100,000 of Negro population in Virginia, while higher than the white, is lower than the rate in northern states. This would indicate that the migration of Negroes to the North did not increase the rate per 100,000 of those Negroes who stayed in Virginia. The probabilities are that the more unstable members of the race migrated. 7. The apparent decrease of rate in the admission of white patients to the state hospitals during the last 10 years is due to other facilities for treatment, such as the private hospitals and the psychiatric wards in general hospitals.