tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythema multiforme lesions are associated with expression of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene and qualitative alterations in the HSV-specific T-cell response
Authors: None Kokuba, None Imafuku, None Huang, None Aurelian, None Burnett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A common form of erythema multiforme, herpes-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM), occurs following infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Here we report that HSV gene expression and the qualitative nature of the virus-specific T-cell responses are related to HAEM lesion development. Skin from HAEM lesions and 1-3 months healed HAEM lesional skin were positive for the viral DNA polymerase gene (Pol) by polymerase chain reaction. However, gene expression as determined by immunohistochemistry with Pol-specific antibody was seen only in HAEM lesions, suggesting that lesion development is associated with Pol gene expression. Similar HSV-specific T-cell lymphoproliferative responses were seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with acute or healed HAEM lesions or HSV lesions and from HSV-seropositive patients with unrelated inflammatory diseases. However, the T-cell receptor variable (V beta) chain repertoire of HSV-stimulated PBMCs obtained from HAEM lesions was altered; the prevalence of some families of variable chain (namely V beta 16 and V beta 19) was reduced, whereas the prevalence of others was increased (namely V beta 2 and V beta 7). V beta 2 cells were found in HAEM lesional skin positive for Pol antigen, suggesting that these cells home to viral antigen-positive skin.
Trauma to nerves in limbs
Authors: Arnold P. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This volume presents a summary of the author's experience in the field of trauma to nerves in limbs. The initial chapters are devoted to the development, anatomy, physiology, and pathology of nerve injury. Subsequently, the author outlines the methods of investigation, including a critique on the uses of electrical studies, with the indications for operative intervention techniques and the functional results to be anticipated. The surgeon naturally will look elsewhere for the detailed special anatomy he requires. On the whole, this is a volume which presents to the general practitioner, neurologist, and surgical resident an adequate description of basic and clinical concepts and a comprehensive understanding of the intelligent management of the peripheral nerve disorders. No work, short of an encyclopedic approach, can hope to satisfy the information requirements of the entire group of individuals concerned with various aspects of peripheral nerve disorders. Despite its limitations, this book is recommended
Skin Ulcers and Tuberculosis Outbreaks
Authors: Mark W. Frampton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 March 1993Skin Ulcers and Tuberculosis OutbreaksMark W. Frampton, MDMark W. Frampton, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-6-199303150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Stead's comments about the contagiousness of draining lesions, the changing face of tuberculosis in the era of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1], and the risk posed by the likelihood of lymph node involvement that may lead to abscess and spontaneous fistula formation. Patients with AIDS often require prolonged hospitalizations, providing ample opportunity for nosocomial spread of tuberculosis from lesions harboring large numbers of organisms.Our report [2] provides another important lesson. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was first considered at autopsy, when the skin lesion was examined histologically. Had the autopsy not been requested ...References1. Snider DE Jr, Roper WL. The new tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326:703-6. Google Scholar2. Frampton MW. An outbreak of tuberculosis among hospital personnel caring for a patient with a skin ulcer. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 312-3. Google Scholar3. Iseman MD. A leap of faith: what can we do to curtail intrainstitutional transmission of tuberculosis? Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:251-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 6Page: 474KeywordsAIDSAutopsyLesionsLymph nodesNosocomial infectionsPrevention, policy, and public healthProphylaxisSkin infectionsTuberculosisUlcers Issue Published: 15 March 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Care of Dutch mentally ill prisoners criticised
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Urgent action is needed to ensure the care of mentally disturbed prisoners, recommends a joint report for the Dutch ministries of health and justice. It says that more secure beds within mental health services are needed before the summer.

The hard hitting report by a group of experts in forensic psychiatry warns of both a substantial increase in the numbers of mentally disturbed prisoners and an increase in the severity of their psychiatric complaints.



Mental …
Tobacco Chewer's Hypokalemia: Licorice Revisited
Authors: Jon D. Blachley, James P. Knochel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE syndrome of pseudo-primary hyperaldosteronism is a well-known complication of chronic, excessive licorice ingestion.1 Natural licorice, an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root, contains glycyrrhizinic acid, a compound with well-documented mineralocorticoid activity.2 Pseudo-primary hyperaldosteronism is rarely reported in the United States, since artificial licorice flavoring is used in commercial products. Certain chewing tobaccos contain large amounts of true licorice, and thus have the potential to produce pseudohyperaldosteronism.Case ReportAn 85-year-old man had had both progressive, generalized weakness and an inability to rise from a sitting position for 10 days. He reported no sensory disturbances, use of drugs, loss of consciousness, . . .
Effects of transmyocardial punctures on left ventricular performance after coronary occlusion in the acute experiment
Authors: Z. Belobradek, J. J. Van Der Meer, R. S. Reneman, J. Wieberdink
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The results of multiple transmyocardial punctures were studied in 12 dogs in which ligation of the left descending coronary artery had been performed. Instead of improvement, deterioration in the electrocardiogram, paradoxical movement, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dp/dt max, and mean aortic flow were observed. These results are in contrast to the acute effects observed by Sen <i>et al.</i> (1965, 1968) but do not exclude the possibility of beneficial long-term effects.
The needle and the damage done
Authors: J K Franz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Evaluation of sublining macrophages by synovial needle biopsy, CD68 immunohistochemistry, and digital image analysis may help to establish evidence based treatments in RA.

Despite decades of research, the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still unknown. Early theories about its pathogenesis focused on autoantibodies and immune complexes, T cell mediated antigen-specific responses, a T cell independent cytokine network, and aggressive tumour-like behaviour of rheumatoid synovial tissue.1 Recently, B cell targeting approaches underline again the role of autoantibodies. None of these concepts alone could explain the chronic inflammation and progressive joint destruction characteristic of RA.

However, knowledge about the pathophysiological interplay of lymphocytes, macrophages, and local synovial fibroblasts within the synovial membrane has advanced over recent years. The success of treatments targeting tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL) 1 suggest a key role for the monocyte-macrophage system in the pathophysiology of the disease. This is further supported by the fact, that macrophages are abundant within the rheumatoid synovial tissue.2 Moreover, both blood monocytes and tissue macrophages are activated and, in addition to IL1 and TNFα, produce various cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases intimately linked to inflammation and joint destruction.3–5 The significant association between tissue macrophages and radiological progression of the disease6 also points towards an important pathophysiological function. Last but not least, several groups have demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the number of synovial macrophages after antirheumatic treatment.7,8,9,10 It is very likely that various pathogenetic mechanisms result in a final common pathway reflected by activation of synovial macrophages.

In this issue of the Annals Haringman et al examine the effect of antirheumatic treatments on tissue macrophages.11 They combined serial needle biopsies with standardised immunohistological digital image analysis before and after treatment either with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological agents, …
The changing distribution of occupational asthma: a survey of supermarket bakery workers
Authors: A. Brant, J. Berriman, C. Sharp, J. Welch, C. Zekveld, M. Nieuwenhuijsen, J. Elms, A. Newman-Taylor, P. Cullinan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

In the UK, since the mid 1980s, supermarkets have accounted for an increasing volume of bread production. Occupational asthma among employees who produce bread from raw ingredients in supermarkets has not been previously investigated. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken involving 239 (71%) employees from 20 different supermarket bakeries. The work-related symptoms were investigated by using questionnaires and measuring the radioallergosorbent test serum-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to flour and fungal α-amylase. A total of 89 employees underwent whole-shift personal measurement of dust exposure. The geometric mean dust exposure for bakers was 1.2 mg·m −3 , which was higher than for other bakery employees. A total of 37 (15%) employees also reported work-related chest symptoms. Serum IgE to flour was present in 24 (11%) employees and to fungal α-amylase in nine (4%) employees. The combination of work-related chest symptoms and specific IgE was found in six (9%) bakers, one (4%) manager and two (3%) assistants. One-quarter of all employees, but half of bakers and managers, had previously worked for different, mainly small, bakeries. This population of bakery workers has important levels of sensitisation and work-related respiratory symptoms, despite low levels of dust exposure. Changes in the location and process of bread manufacture have led to a change in the distribution of bakers' asthma in the UK.
THE SO-CALLED BLEEDING POLYP OF THE SEPTUM.
Authors: NORVAL H. PIERCE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I have been constrained to select this subject for my paper because in looking over the literature I have found but few instances of American writers having recorded cases of this pathologic condition. That the subject is important is proven by the circumstances surrounding my first case, the history of which is given below. The patient was a male child, 6 years old, living in the southern part of Illinois. Six months before I saw him he had been operated on for a tumor of the septum, which had bled at frequent intervals for two months previously. The neoplasm was diagnosed sarcoma, was removed with a snare, and the toxins used. There had been the usual reactions and after two months the child was pronounced cured. But the bleeding having returned, the child was brought to me. On examination I found a tumor the size of a large pea projecting
Intracranial EEG Correlates of Expectancy and Memory Formation in the Human Hippocampus and Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Nikolai Axmacher, Michael X. Cohen, Juergen Fell, Sven Haupt, Matthias Dümpelmann, Christian E. Elger, Thomas E. Schlaepfer, Doris Lenartz, Volker Sturm, Charan Ranganath
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Activation of PKC-δ and SHP-1 by hyperglycemia causes vascular cell apoptosis and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Pedro Geraldes, Junko Hiraoka-Yamamoto, Motonobu Matsumoto, Allen Clermont, Michael Leitges, Andre Marette, Lloyd P Aiello, Timothy S Kern, George L King
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Impact of cuts in acute beds on services for patients.
Authors: R Beech, S Challah, R H Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The current redistribution of resources in the National Health Service will require a reduction in the number of acute beds in many district health authorities. The effect of such a reduction on services for patients was examined. Two hundred and two general medical admissions and 201 general surgical admissions to hospitals in West Lambeth District Health Authority were reviewed retrospectively. The elements considered were the severity of the patient's illness at admission, the scope for reducing the length of stay, the potential for other forms of care, and what types of patients would be denied access at different levels of reductions in the number of beds. Given the assumptions a considerable potential for maintaining levels of service with fewer beds was identified. The finding was, however, that even if all of this potential was realised the cuts in the number of beds that are planned by districts that are losing resources would force real reductions in patient services. This suggests a "trade off." To increase services in districts that are gaining resources, real unmet need may have to be created in districts that are losing resources.
Needle-free topical electroporation improves gene expression from plasmids administered in porcine skin
Authors: Shawn Babiuk, Maria E Baca-Estrada, Marianna Foldvari, Lawrence Baizer, Richard Stout, Michael Storms, Dietmar Rabussay, Georg Widera, Lorne Babiuk
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Electroporation has been shown to increase the potency of DNA vaccines that have demonstrated significant potential in mice. However, there is a need to develop noninvasive or minimally invasive vaccination methods. In pigs, in vivo gene expression was assessed to compare intradermal needle injection to a needle-free dermal BioJect as a means of delivery of plasmids. Each administration method was further tested with and without surface electroporation. Experiments with plasmid DNA encoding luciferase demonstrated that needle-free administration results in higher gene expression levels than needle injection. Electroporation enhanced gene expression for both intradermal delivery methods. Needle-free plasmid injection in combination with electroporation led to a more rapid induction of immune responses compared to other methods of plasmid administration. It was concluded that needle-free topical electroporation significantly enhances gene expression, possibly by improving cellular uptake of plasmid DNA.
Spurious Lung Metastases on Radioiodine Thyroid and Whole Body Imaging
Authors: SIEMA BAKHEET, MUHAMMAD M. HAMMAMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, radioiodine uptake in the area of the lung usually denotes metastasis; however, it could represent an uptake by unrelated pulmonary disease or by the breasts, or external contamination. In this study, 22 foci that simulated lung metastasis on 11 thyroid and whole body scans were proven not to be metastasis by reimaging after cleaning (15 foci), or were strongly suspected to be due to external contamination because of the features of other images (7 foci). All foci were noted only on anterior views of the chest. Of the 22 foci, 19 were focal, two were smeared, and one was lobar. Foci were multiple in 7 scans, unilateral in 10 scans, and were associated with other artifacts in 4 scans. Caution should be used in interpreting apparent pulmonary radioiodine uptake as lung metastasis; reimaging after cleaning the skin and changing garment should be obtained when the uptake is confined to anterior views of the chest and/or when its pattern is atypical.
Site-specific Modification of AAV Vector Particles With Biophysical Probes and Targeting Ligands Using Biotin Ligase
Authors: Matthew D Stachler, Irwin Chen, Alice Y Ting, Jeffrey S Bartlett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

We have developed a highly specific and robust new method for labeling adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector particles with either biophysical probes or targeting ligands. Our approach uses the Escherichia coli enzyme biotin ligase (BirA), which ligates biotin to a 15-amino-acid biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) in a sequence-specific manner. In this study we demonstrate that by using a ketone isotere of biotin as a cofactor we can ligate this probe to BAP-modified AAV capsids. Because ketones are absent from AAV, BAP-modified AAV particles can be tagged with the ketone probe and then specifically conjugated to hydrazide- or hydroxylamine-functionalized molecules. We demonstrate this two-stage modification methodology in the context of a mammalian cell lysate for the labeling of AAV vector particles with various fluorophores, and for the attachment of a synthetic cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartate (RGD) peptide (c(RGDfC)) to target integrin receptors that are present on neovasculature. Fluorophore labeling allowed the straightforward determination of intracellular particle distribution. Ligand conjugation mediated a significant increase in the transduction of endothelial cells in vitro, and permitted the intravascular targeting of AAV vectors to tumor-associated vasculature in vivo. These results suggest that this approach holds significant promise for future studies aimed at understanding and modifying AAV vector–cellular interactions. We have developed a highly specific and robust new method for labeling adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector particles with either biophysical probes or targeting ligands. Our approach uses the Escherichia coli enzyme biotin ligase (BirA), which ligates biotin to a 15-amino-acid biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) in a sequence-specific manner. In this study we demonstrate that by using a ketone isotere of biotin as a cofactor we can ligate this probe to BAP-modified AAV capsids. Because ketones are absent from AAV, BAP-modified AAV particles can be tagged with the ketone probe and then specifically conjugated to hydrazide- or hydroxylamine-functionalized molecules. We demonstrate this two-stage modification methodology in the context of a mammalian cell lysate for the labeling of AAV vector particles with various fluorophores, and for the attachment of a synthetic cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartate (RGD) peptide (c(RGDfC)) to target integrin receptors that are present on neovasculature. Fluorophore labeling allowed the straightforward determination of intracellular particle distribution. Ligand conjugation mediated a significant increase in the transduction of endothelial cells in vitro, and permitted the intravascular targeting of AAV vectors to tumor-associated vasculature in vivo. These results suggest that this approach holds significant promise for future studies aimed at understanding and modifying AAV vector–cellular interactions.
Undiminished mitochondrial function during stunning in rabbit heart at 28°C
Authors: Coert J Zuurbier, Johannes H.G.M van Beek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: To investigate effect of brief ischemia on mitochondrial function in intact myocardium, rather than in isolated mitochondria. Methods: The mitochondrial response was characterized by the mean response time (tmito) of cardiac mitochondrial O2 consumption to steps in heart rate. Isolated isovolumic rabbit hearts were perfused at 28°C with a constant flow of Tyrode solution containing 11 mM glucose. O2 consumption and tmito were determined before ischemia and after 25 min of no-flow global ischemia during which hearts were either paced (I+P, n = 8) or unpaced (I−P, n = 8). A non-ischemic control group (n = 8) was also examined. Results: At 20 min reperfusion, developed left ventricular pressure (DLVP) after I+P was decreased to 47±3% (mean±s.e.m.; P<0.05) of control DLVP without significant changes in venous creatine kinase efflux, indicating contractile stunning. In contrast, complete contractile recovery was observed after I−P. Before ischemia, tmito was 11.2±0.6 and 14.9±0.7 s for heart rate steps from 60 to 70 and from 60 to 120 beats/min, respectively. The tmito was lower (P<0.05) for the corresponding downward steps (10.5±0.6 and 12.4±0.6 s, respectively). An increase (P<0.05) in tmito was observed in the course of the experiment for upward (1.2±0.3 s) and downward steps (1.4±0.3 s), but the change was similar after ischemia to that in time-matched controls (P >0.05, both for I−P and I+P vs. control). Oxygen consumption, compared at fixed levels of the rate×pressure product, was unchanged after ischemia (P >0.05, for both I−P and I+P vs. controls), suggesting undiminished efficiency of mitochondrial ATP production. Conclusions: Twenty-five minutes ischemia does not affect mitochondrial function in rabbit hearts at 28°C, even when contractile stunning resulted.
P503Alterations in pulmonary artery NO and O2-. balance associates with remodeling in rats exposed to chronic and long term intermittent hypoxia
Authors: S M Arribas, P Siques, AL Lopez De Pablo, J Brito, K Flores, K Arriaza, N Naveas, MC Gonzalez, F Leon-Velarde, MR Lopez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Humans working in shifts at high altitude are summited to a form of chronic intermittent hypoxia, different from obstructive sleep apnea, with still unknown health consequences. We have established a rat model resembling this situation, which develops right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery remodelling. We aimed to assess the possible implication of alterations in NO and superoxide anion balance and to compare the alterations induced in pulmonary arteries from rats exposed to intermittent or chronic hypoxia. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed for 46 days to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia in a chamber mimicking 4600 mt altitude, either continuously (CH) or intermittently (2 days in hypoxia and 2 days in normoxia, CIH2x2). At day 46 the rats were euthanized and 3rd order pulmonary arteries and the heart were dissected. Heart was weighted. In pulmonary arteries we assessed: 1) NO and superoxide anion availability by using the fluorescent indicators DAF2-DA and Dihydroethidum (DHE), respectively, and confocal microscopy; 2) expression of phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), NADPH-oxidase (p22phox) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) by western blotting and 3) cellular alterations in adventitial cells including NADPH-oxidase and inflammatory cell location by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results: Compared to rats in normoxic conditions: 1) NO availability was reduced and superoxide anion was increased in both continuous or intermittent hypoxic groups, with a larger effect in CH, 2) regarding expression eNOS was only reduced in CH; NADPH-oxidase was similarly increased in both hypoxic groups and 3-NT was increased in both groups, but to a larger extent in CH, 3) adventitia exhibited a larger cell density together with increased NADPH oxidase positive and inflammatory cells in both hypoxic groups, but to a larger extent in CH. Conclusions: Intermittent hypoxia reduces NO availability through superoxide anion destruction, without reducing its synthesis, while continuous hypoxia affects both processes, producing a larger nitrosative damage. These alterations can be linked to the more severe cardiovascular alterations in chronic hypoxia.