tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary kallikrein in normal renin essential hypertension.
Authors: W J Lawton, A E Fitz
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The relationship between urinary kallikrein, urinary aldosterone, and plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in hypertensive patients and normal subjects. Kallikrein was measured by a radiochemical esterolytic assay. Nine white males with normal renin, mild essential hypertension (25 +/- 5 [SD] yr; blood pressure [BP] 143 +/- 7 / 95 +/- 5 mm Hg) and six white normal males (23 +/- 3 yr; BP 115 +/- 15 / 70 +/- 6 mm Hg) were placed on a one-week diet consisting of 400 mEq Na+, 80 mEq K+ diet and a one week diet of a 10 mEq Na+, 80 mEq K+ diet. During salt restriction, PRA, urinary aldosterone, and urinary kallikrein progressively rose. (Urinary kallikrein on day 7: normals 18.3 +/- 13.7 esterase units [EU] per 24 hr; hypertensives 22.7 +/- 12.5 EU/24 hrs). There were no significant differences between the normals and hypertensives in PRA, aldosterone, or kallikrein excretion. After sodium balance was achieved, during salt loading, the PRA, aldosterone and kallikrein values were similar in both normals and hypertensives. (Urinary kallikrein on day 7: normals 5.0 +/- 5.2; hypertensives 7.9 +/- 4.4 EU/24 hrs.) Abnormalities in urinary kallikrein in hypertensives were not found when young white males with normal renin essential hypertension were compared to age-matched white male normal subjects. PRA appears related to urinary kallikrein excretion in this type of patient.
Normal Human IgD+IgM− Germinal Center B Cells Can Express Up to 80 Mutations in the Variable Region of Their IgD Transcripts
Authors: Yong-Jun Liu, Odette de Bouteiller, Christophe Arpin, Francine Brière, Laurent Galibert, Stephen Ho, Hector Martinez-Valdez, Jacques Banchereau, Serge Lebecque
Journal: Immunity (1996)
701. Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effect of Interferon Gene Transfer by Sustained Transgene Expression Using CpG-Reduced Plasmid DNA
Authors: Hiroki Kawano, Makiya Nishikawa, Masaru Mitsui, Yoshinobu Takakura
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Objective: Plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based nonviral gene delivery is significantly less efficient than viral vectors due to its transient transgene expression. The lack of sustained transgene expression could be attributed to in part unmethylated CpG existing abundantly in conventional pDNA, which is related to acute inflammatory response. In addition, methylation of CpG in the promoter or transgene cDNA results in gene silencing. In this study, we constructed CpG-reduced pDNA encoding mouse interferon (IFN) in which about 80% of CpG were depleted, and examined anti-cancer effects of IFN gene transfer in lung tumor models.
Endoscopic Evaluation of the Porta Hepatis in Patients with Biliary Atresia
Authors: S. Matsuo, K. Yoshiie, K. Ikeda
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Endoscopic inspection of the porta hepatis was undertaken through external enterostomy in nine postoperative patients with biliary atresia. The endoscopic appearance of bile flow in the porta hepatis was classified into three types. 1) Ductal type (D-type), which revealed good bile flow from distinct bile duct orifices (4 cases); 2) Oozing type (O-type), which showed adequate bile flow, but no definite bile duct (3 cases); and 3) Covered type (C-type), in which the porta hepatis was covered with bile "clots" and fibrous tissue (2 cases). The clinical course of the D-type was excellent with immediate disappearance of jaundice and relatively good liver function. In the case of the O-type, jaundice disappeared in 2 but persisted in one. Two patients with C-type died of hepatic failure or sepsis in the early postoperative period. In the D-type intrahepatic bile ducts were well visualized by cholangiography; however, those of the O-type were not so clear. Endoscopic inspection of the porta hepatis is very useful for evaluation of the postoperative state of bilioenteric fistulae in patients with biliary atresia.
Evaluation of bronchial responsiveness to exercise in children as an objective measure of asthma in epidemiological surveys.
Authors: J V West, C F Robertson, R Roberts, A Olinsky
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Exercise has been proposed as a useful challenge test for the measurement of bronchial responsiveness in community surveys of the prevalence of childhood asthma. This study aimed to develop a standardised exercise challenge in which the sensitivity to detect asthma was increased by inhalation of dry air. METHODS: Sixty four children aged 12-13 years who had reported wheeze in the past 12 months and 70 control subjects were invited to participate in an exercise challenge at school. Subjects performed eight minutes of cycle exercise while breathing dry air at a workload calculated to produce a minute ventilation of 60% maximum voluntary ventilation during the final three minutes. A fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 10% or more from baseline was considered a positive test. Data on recent asthma symptoms, asthma morbidity, and use of medication were collected by parent completed questionnaires in those subjects who reported wheeze in the past 12 months. Repeatability of the exercise test was determined in a further 13 children with known asthma. RESULTS: Fifty five children (88%) who reported wheeze in the previous 12 months and 54 control subjects (77%) were studied. Nine subjects in whom baseline FEV1 was less than 75% predicted did not perform the exercise test. Technically unsatisfactory tests were obtained in five subjects. Twenty six (57%) subjects who reported wheeze and three controls (6%) had a positive exercise test, giving a sensitivity of 57% (26 of 46) and specificity of 94% (47 of 50). Estimates of the repeatability of the exercise test showed a mean difference in percentage fall in FEV1 for patients with asthma of 3.08% (95% limits of agreement -7.76% to 13.92%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite attempts to maximise the stimulus to bronchoconstriction in this exercise challenge test, its sensitivity and specificity were not improved in comparison with previous epidemiological studies of the prevalence of asthma.
Oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle and lactic acid kinetics during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with COPD.
Authors: F Maltais, A A Simard, C Simard, J Jobin, P Desgagnés, P LeBlanc
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Early lactic acidosis during exercise and abnormal skeletal muscle function have been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but a possible relationship between these two abnormalities has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare and correlate the increase in arterial lactic acid (La) during exercise and the oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in nine COPD patients (age = 62 +/- 5 yr, mean +/- SD, FEV1 40 +/- 9% of predicted) and in nine normal subjects of similar age (54 +/- 3 yr). Following a transcutaneous biopsy of the vastus laterialis, each subject performed a stepwise exercise test on an ergocycle up to his or her maximal capacity during which 5-breath averages of oxygen consumption (Vo2), and serial La concentration measurements were obtained. From the muscle biopsy specimen, the activity of two oxidative enzymes, citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), and of three glycolytic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase were determined. The La/Vo2 relationship during exercise was fitted by an exponential function in the form La = a + bvo2, where be represents the shape of the relationship. The activity of the oxidative enzymes was significantly lower in COPD than in control subjects (22.8 +/- 3.3 versus 36.8 +/- 8.6 mumol/min/g muscle for CS, and 3.1 +/- 1.1 versus 5.5 +/- 1.4 mumol/min/g for HADH, p < 0.0005) and the increase in lactic acid was steeper in COPD (b = 4.3 +/- 2.0 versus 2.1 +/- 0.2 for normal subjects, p = 0.0005). A significant inverse relationship was found between CS, HADH, and b. No difference was found between the two groups for the glycolytic enzymes. We conclude that in COPD the increase in arterial La during exercise is excessive, the oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle is reduced, and that these two results are interrelated.
A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS.
Authors: E. M. LUNDHOLM
Journal: JAMA (1902)

During my sojourn in Europe in the summer of 1900 I spent a considerable portion of my time performing surgical work on the cadaver, to which I had ample opportunity. It was then that I conceived the idea of constructing an instrument to facilitate intestinal anastomosis. After my return to St. Paul I commenced experimenting in that direction, and soon produced an instrument which, after a few modifications, proved to be very satisfactory. In hope that it will be accepted as an addition to our surgical armamentarium I hereby wish to present it to the profession. It appears, as we notice, similar to an ordinary clamp forceps, the blades of which are dull-pointed and bent at an angle of about 125 degrees to the handles. The inner surfaces of the blades, which, by the way, are not toothed or corrugated, but plain, have each a deep longitudinal groove going from
Migraine: The Evolution of a Common Disorder
Authors: John F. Griffith
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is a very readable, well organized and appropriately referenced text on the subject of migraine. It contains frequent mention of the classic writings on the subject and often refers specifically to patients in the author's own practice. It is clearly written, making it comprehensible to laymen, yet sufficiently detailed and scientifically based to be interesting and educational for physicians. The early chapters examine the clinical expressions of migraine and the factors that seem to be related to its occurrence. At times the definition of migraine, or migraine equivalent, as used in these chapters seems to include almost every paroxysmal nervous system disorder of unknown etiology. The author, however, does indicate the importance of other diagnostic considerations and the challenge posed when symptoms occur in the absence of headache. The chapter on migraine aura and classical migraine contains many excellent clinical details and descriptions and can be recommended to anyone
Post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in the Netherlands.
Authors: J N Katchaki, T H Siem, R Brouwer, A M van Loon, J T van der Logt
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Number of statutory notifications and hospital admissions for whooping cough in each quarter, 1974-9.tions and hospital admissions (r=09; p<0 01).There was a tendency throughout the period, when the figures for whooping cough increased, for the number of notifications to increase proportionately more than the number of admissions.In the peak quarters of 1974 and 1978 there were 25 and 58 admissions and 159 and 666 notifications respectively.We studied Hospital Activity Analysis statistics for a range of other respiratory and infective diseases in childhood during the period but found no disease other than whooping cough for which admissions corresponded with the quarter by quarter trends in whooping-cough notifications.There were three deaths -one in 1974, one in 1977, and one in 1979-ascribed to whooping cough in the region during the period.
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumor Incidentally Detected by 18F-CH PET/CT
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Filippo Lococo, Gianluigi Petrone, Frediano Inzani, Germano Perotti, Venanzio Porziella, Pierluigi Granone, Guido Rindi, Alessandro Giordano, Vittoria Rufini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report the case of a pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) incidentally detected by F-CH PET/CT performed during restaging in a 68-year-old patient affected by prostate cancer. To clarify the nature of the pulmonary lesion, the patient underwent a CT-guided biopsy which revealed the presence of a pulmonary NET. A subsequent Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT demonstrated the somatostatin receptor expression in the pulmonary lesion. The patient underwent a right lung lobectomy; at pathology, a well-differentiated NET was confirmed. Our case highlights that pulmonary NETs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions showing uptake of radiolabeled choline.
Active Tetanus Immunization
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  The paper on Delayed Recall of Active Tetanus Immunization by Kaiser et al. ( JAMA  178 :914 [Dec. 2] 1961) presents a praiseworthy attempt to find out whether or not the interval since the last previous inoculation of tetanus toxoid is related to the speed of response to a booster dose. The authors compared their own study on patients who had gone 14 to 18 years since their last tetanus toxoid inoculation with a paper by Turner, Stafford, and Goldman in which the intervals were 5 to 11 years, and a study by Banton and Miller in which 1 to 5 years had elapsed (but not with the 60 subjects similarly studied by Schlegel, Helv Chir Acta  18 :378, 1951). Unfortunately, the criterion of a response to the booster dose which Kaiser et al. employ is one proposed 20 years ago by Miller, Ryan, and Beard by which
Kenneth Oswald Albert Vickery
Authors: A. Vickery, J. Surtees
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Kenneth (“Ken”) Oswald Albert Vickery was born in Scotland where his father was posted, but he was a true Devonian. He spent many nights of his student life fire watching during air raids on the roof of his teaching hospital, notably on 29 December 1940 during “the second great fire of London.” In 1943 he was posted to the Middle East and when working in a Jerusalem hospital in March …
HYPNOTISM AND SUGGESTION
Authors: W. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1920)

In any consideration of the nature of suggestion we cannot omit reference to the extraordinary and startling phenomena which may sometimes be observed in hypnotized subjects. But it would be a mistake to look upon hypnosis as something uncanny, mysterious, and occult. Although we have even yet no thoroughly satisfactory theory of hypnosis, we understand it in general terms, and can bring it into line with other facts and phenomena of psychology known in everyday life.  hypnotic subject, and the phenomena of hypnosis, can be explained firstly in terms of mental dissociation, of the tendency for certain forms of psychical activity to occur independently of the rest of the mind, independently of other considerations; and, secondly, in terms of suggestion, of increased suggestibility. And these two, the phenomenon of dissociation and the phenomenon of suggestibility, are not unrelated to one another. They are related, but not to the extent of being identical with one another. It was the Nancy School of Hypnotism, led by Bernheim, who considered that hypnosis could be explained in terms of suggestibility. Charcot had previously explained hypnosis as an artificial hysteria-as a dissociation of the highest levels of the nervous system, a dissociation of mental and physiological activity at the higher conscious level. But the theory I am trying to sketch is the theory that combines both these statements. In my own view, based on the study of many hundreds of cases, hypnosis is explained both by dissociation and by increased suggestibility. We certainly do find increase of suggestibility occurring, partly explained in terms of dissociation, but not entirely so. On the other hand, the dissociation in its more pronounced forms may show itself independently of suggestibility. Which is the cause and which the effect of these two ? Dissociation as a cause may bring with it increase of suggestibility. We can understand why that should be so. Does increased suggestibility on its side bring dissociation? It may tend to do so. A person who is in an increasingly suggestible state responds to just the one stimulus before him-it may be a stimulus from the outer world, or an idea aroused in his mind by the experimenter. He responds with his whole mind and strength to the 1 Being part of a paper on The Self: Psycho-Analysis and PsychoTherapy, read before the Church Congress, Newport, Mon., on October 8,
Hepatitis B in Nuremberg, Germany. Epidemiology of a drug-associated epidemic. Among US Army soldiers
Authors: W. Cates
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Beginning in 1971, acute viral hepatitis was epidemic among US soldiers stationed in Europe, with a total of over 8,700 cases reported between 1971 and 1974. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) determinations suggest a predominance of hepatitis B. In the Nuremberg area, primary association was with the illicit use of drugs. This association was demonstrated by a chronologic relationship between measurable community drug use and the number of hepatitis admissions three to six months later and by a case-control study. Parenteral drug use and, to a lesser degree, cannabis smoking appeared to be factors in disease transmission. Sharing of illicit drugs with a hepatitis contact, whether parenterally or orally, was associated with increased risk of contracting the disease.
AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT
Authors: EMANUEL LIBMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 January 1938AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTUNILATERAL HEMOGLOBINURIA: ITS OCCURRENCE IN INFARCTION OF THE KIDNEY*EMANUEL LIBMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., ARTHUR M. FISHBERG, M.D.EMANUEL LIBMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR M. FISHBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-7-1344 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHemoglobinuria is regarded as symptomatic of hemoglobinemia. A small amount of hemoglobin may be free in the blood plasma without appearing in the urine, being taken up and converted to bilirubin by the reticulo-endothelial cells. But the renal threshold for hemoglobin is apparently very low, so that hemoglobinuria is a fairly delicate indicator of hemoglobinemia. Contrary to hemoglobinuria, hematuria is practically always due to a local disorder of the kidneys or urinary passages, though in the so-called essential hematurias the anatomic substratum may be difficult to discover.In the present note we desire to record briefly three observations showing that...References1. BITTORF A: Hemoglobinuric relapses in retrogressive acute hemorrhagic glomerulo-nephritis, München. med. Wchnschr., 1921, lxviii, 807. Google Scholar2. WAGNER EL: von Ziemssens Handbuch d. spez. Path. u. Therap., 1882, ix, 1. Google Scholar3. SENATOR H: Die Erkrankungen der Niere, 1902, Berlin, page 52. Google Scholar4. LIBMAN E: Consideration of prognosis in subacute bacterial endocarditis, Am. Heart Jr., 1925, i, 1-22. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication September 23, 1937. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCase 39-1987HemorrhagesHemoglobinuriaTotal Infarction of the Kidneys from Bilateral Arterial EmboliDiagnosis and Management of Renal-Artery Thrombosis 1 January 1938Volume 11, Issue 7Page: 1344-1347KeywordsBilirubinBlood plasmaCellsHemoglobinKidneysUrine Issue Published: 1 January 1938 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diabetic Amyotrophy: A Follow-up Study
Authors: E. B. Casey, M. J. G. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A clinical follow-up study of 12 patients with diabetic amyotrophy is reported. Re-examination after an interval indicated that improvement had occurred in all but one instance, and had been maintained over an average follow-up period of four and a half years. Improvement in the neurological syndrome appeared to follow improvement in diabetic control or institution of treatment in those whose diabetes had not previously been diagnosed. Seven patients made a good functional recovery, three no longer having any muscular weakness. Five showed significant residual disability.
Myocardial metabolic activity as a determinant of reactive hyperaemia responses in the dog heart
Authors: T. J. PAULY, W. C. ZARNSTORFF, N. BITTAR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Myocardial metabolic activity as a determinant of reactive hyperaemia responses in the dog heart Get access THOMAS J. PAULY, THOMAS J. PAULY 2 From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. 2Work done during tenure as a Predoctoral Fellow in Medicine. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM C. ZARNSTORFF, WILLIAM C. ZARNSTORFF From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NEVILLE BITTAR NEVILLE BITTAR From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 1973, Pages 90–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.1.90 Published: 01 January 1973
Double-Blind Crossover Trial of Isophane (NPH)- and Lente-Based Insulin Regimens
Authors: Felicity K E Tunbridge, Andrew Newens, Philip D Home, Stephen N Davis, Moira Murphy, Jacky M Burrin, K G M M Alberti, Ivan Jensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Isophane (NPH) and lente insulin preparations have been the basis of insulin-injection regimens for many decades but were never formally compared. After a 2-mo run-in period, 82 patients were randomized to NPH (Protaphane) or lente (Monotard) insulin preparations given together with Actrapid as a twicedaily injection regimen in a double-blind study. Patients were seen monthly and crossed over after 5 mo of treatment. Control as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (NPH 9. 2 ± 0.1%, lente 9.3 ± 0.1%, mean ± SE) and fructosamine (1.55 ± 0.02 and 1.57 ± 0.02 mM) concentrations was identical for the two regimens as were home-collected laboratory-measured fasting blood glucose (BG) (NPH 8.8 ± 0.5 mM, lente 9.0 ± 0.5 mM) and mean BG (8.2 ± 0.3 and 7.6 ± 0.3 mM) concentrations. For both regimens, the major control problem was the BG concentration before and after breakfast. Total insulin dosage was similar (NPH 56.3 ± 0.6 U/day, lente 57.2 ± 0.6 U/day) with no tendency for a difference in the evening intermediateacting dose (NPH 17.0 ± 0.3 U/day, lente 17.0 ± 0.3 U/day) to counter fasting hyperglycemia. Serum lipid concentrations and body weight confirmed the equivalence of control. Hypoglycemic events were recorded in personal diaries and graded by predetermined criteria. Self-treated, relative-assisted, and hospital/doctor-treated hypoglycemic events did not differ in frequency. We conclude that lente- and NPH-based twice-daily human insulin regimens give indistinguishable metabolic control.
NIAID Recommendations for Treating HIV Infection-Reply
Authors: Merle A. Sande
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I appreciate Dr Weiss' comments regarding the NIAID consensus panel's published recommendations dealing with antiretroviral therapy. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome research is clearly in a period in which understanding of how the virus replicates and causes disease has not been translated effectively to the bedside. Treating this viral infection early certainly makes intuitive sense, especially since active replication occurs in the lymph nodes<sup>1</sup>(even though clinically silent) and nucleoside resistance develops more rapidly in later stages of the disease,<sup>2</sup>but data derived from clinical trials to date just do not show a significant survival benefit.<sup>3</sup> When to treat HIV infection and with which agent(s) is obviously a difficult clinical decision. However, the recent report by Lenderking et al<sup>4</sup>certainly underscores the potential downside with regard to quality of life when taking zidovudine. That is why the NIAID convened a group of thoughtful clinicians and statisticians