tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Rex L. Jamison, Chief, Renal Division, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: There is a great deal of interest in and new information about antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the mammalian hormone that controls the rate of water excretion. Along with research upon various aspects of this hormone, there has been a concomitant advance in recognition of a clinical syndrome first reported in 1957 by Schwartz and others entitled "Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone,"1 the adjective "inappropriate" indicating that the hormone was being secreted despite the absence of the stimuli that we ordinarily associate with its release. We shall present a patient who may have had inappropriate secretion of ADH associated with her illness. I shall then discuss some aspects of the physiology of ADH. Dr. Robert Utiger will review the clinical syndrome of inappropriate secretion of the hormone, and Dr. Eduardo
Melanocytic naevus of the palm resembling callus
Authors: J.Y. Song, M.Y. Kim, H.O. Kim, Y.M. Park
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Melanocytic naevus of the palm resembling callus Get access J.Y. Song, J.Y. Song Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.Y. Kim, M.Y. Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.O. Kim, H.O. Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.M. Park Y.M. Park Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Young Min Park. E‐mail: knderma@cmc.cuk.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 1, 1 July 2004, Pages 230–231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06022.x Published: 01 July 2004 Article history Accepted: 28 December 2003 Published: 01 July 2004
The Management of Cerebral Metastasis
Authors: Jacob J. Lokich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a common clinical problem, and management spans the three major therapeutic disciplines in oncology. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are employed alone, in combination, or sequentially and are based on four local factors--the number, size, site, and depth of the lesions; and three tumor factors--the natural or biologic history of the primary tumor, the quantitative host tumor burden, and the tumor responsiveness to individual therapeutic modalities. The median survival of patients with CNS metastasis is 3 to 12 months and is not necessarily compromised by the CNS lesions, if the diagnosis is established and therapy promptly instituted.
Telomerase antagonists GRN163 and GRN163L inhibit tumor growth and increase chemosensitivity of human hepatoma
Authors: Meta W. Djojosubroto, Allison C. Chin, Ning Go, Sonja Schaetzlein, Michael P. Manns, Sergei Gryaznov, Calvin B. Harley, Lenhard K. Rudolph
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Most cancer cells have an immortal growth capacity as a consequence of telomerase reactivation. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to increased telomere dysfunction, which limits the proliferative capacity of tumor cells; thus, telomerase inhibition represents a potentially safe and universal target for cancer treatment. We evaluated the potential of two thio-phosphoramidate oligonucleotide inhibitors of telomerase, GRN163 and GRN163L, as drug candidates for the treatment of human hepatoma. GRN163 and GRN163L were tested in preclinical studies using systemic administration to treat flank xenografts of different human hepatoma cell lines (Hep3B and Huh7) in nude mice. The studies showed that both GRN163 and GRN163L inhibited telomerase activity and tumor cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. The potency and efficacy of the lipid-conjugated antagonist, GRN163L, was superior to the nonlipidated parent compound, GRN163. Impaired tumor growth in vivo was associated with critical telomere shortening, induction of telomere dysfunction, reduced rate of cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in the treatment groups. In vitro , GRN163L administration led to higher prevalence of chromosomal telomere-free ends and DNA damage foci in both hepatoma cell lines. In addition, in vitro chemosensitivity assay showed that pretreatment with GRN163L increased doxorubicin sensitivity of Hep3B. In conclusion , our data support the development of GRN163L, a novel lipidated conjugate of the telomerase inhibitor GRN163, for systemic treatment of human hepatoma. In addition to limiting the proliferative capacity of hepatoma, GRN163L might also increase the sensitivity of this tumor type to conventional chemotherapy. (Hepatology 2005.)
Dying in Fas traffic
Authors: Eugenia M. Guicciardi, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to determine whether colchicine, which has been reported to protect against various hepatotoxic insults, influences the susceptibility of mice to the agonistic anti-Fas antibody, Jo2.All mice that were pretreated with colchicine (2 mg/kg) survived the lethal challenge of intraperitoneal administration of 10 g of Jo2, whereas all control mice pretreated with ␥-lumicolchicine succumbed to the challenge.Twelve micrograms of Jo2 killed less than half of colchicine-pretreated mice and its lethal effects were delayed relative to control mice, which all died within 8 hours.Other microtubule-disrupting agents such as Taxol, vinblastine, and nocodazole also improved the survival of mice treated with the lethal dose of Jo2.Histologic examination showed that colchicine protected against Jo2-induced fulminant liver injury, and TUNEL assay demonstrated that colchicine protected against massive apoptosis of hepatocytes.Hepatocytes isolated from colchicine-pretreated mice exhibited decreased susceptibility to Jo2-induced apoptosis.In addition, colchicine pretreatment reduced surface expression of Fas and decreased Jo2-and TNF-␣-induced apoptosis of cultured hepatocytes in the presence of actinomycin D, but did not affect the susceptibility of cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells to Jo2-induced apoptosis.Remarkably, Fas and TNF receptor-1 mRNA and intracellular protein levels increased after colchicine treatment, indicating that colchicine protects against death ligand-induced apoptosis in the liver by decreasing deathreceptor targeting to the cell surface.
48Coronary microvascular dysfunction in a porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia results in perturbations of myocardial oxygen balance at rest and during exercise
Authors: VJ De Beer, SB Bender, DL Merkus, ED Van Deel, DL Tharp, MH Laughlin, DK Bowles, DJ Duncker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Here we investigated perturbations in the regulation of coronary resistance vessel tone and myocardial oxygen balance at rest and during treadmill exercise, in a porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Methods. Swine (7 control; 4 FH) were chronically instrumented for measurement of systemic and coronary hemodynamics as well as arterial and coronary venous blood gases, at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. At sacrifice (1-8 weeks later) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to determine lumen area and plaque burden in the proximal coronary arteries. Results. FH swine on a western diet exhibited significantly higher levels of cholesterol than control swine (17.9±3.1 vs. 1.9±0.1 mmol/L), resulting in a uniform plaque burden of 34±5% over the first 3 cm of the left anterior descending coronary artery, but with a preserved lumen area and without focal stenoses. Exercise resulted in an increase in myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) in both control and FH swine (Figure). At rest and during exercise, MVO2 was met by a slightly lower coronary O2 delivery in FH compared to control swine, necessitating an increase in myocardial O2 extraction, thus leading to a decrease in coronary venous (CV) O2 content (Figure). These findings, which imply elevated coronary resistance vessel tone in FH swine, were accompanied by a widening of the arterio-venous pH difference in FH, but not control swine (Figure); suggesting a shift towards anaerobic metabolism.
Cotton dust and across-shift change in FEV1 as predictors of annual change in FEV1.
Authors: H W Glindmeyer, J J Lefante, R N Jones, R J Rando, H Weill
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In this report of a 5-yr longitudinal study of workers employed at six cotton textile mills, exposure and across-shift FEV1 change were evaluated as possible predictors of the annual change in FEV1 for yarn manufacturing workers. A total of 611 workers had three repeatable spirometric tests, over at least 3 yr, and at least one (average of three) across-shift test, while always working the same shift. The "same shift" criterion controlled for the effect of diurnal variation. Average exposure was determined from measures of lint-free elutriated cotton dust in combination with job histories. This study found a significant association between the acute and chronic effects of cotton dust exposure. Both exposure and across-shift change proved to be significant predictors of annual change, and excess annual declines in FEV1 were predicted even for exposures of 200 micrograms/m3 and across-shift drops in FEV1 of 200 ml. These results suggest that, to prevent dust-related chronic decline in lung function, current smokers should be excluded from yarn manufacturing work and exposures should be reduced below 200 micrograms/m3, to approximately 100 micrograms/m3.
Health and the environment. Population: more than a numbers game.
Authors: A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1991)

SepsisInadvertent embolisation of normal tissue * Related to angiography:Renal failure Vessel dissection Reaction to contrast medium Reaction to anaesthetic treatment to some patients for whom none was possible previously.Interventional radiology is developing fast.New techniques, equipment, and embolic agents are continually being introduced.It may soon be possible safely to embolise group 3 lesions percutaneously or from the venous side.In addition, work is progressing on instruments through which direct laser destruction of vascular endothelium will be possible.Whatever new developments arise the key to safe and effective treatment of arteriovenous malformations is the closest possible cooperation between clinician and radiologist.In particular, surgical ligation of the main feeding arteries as an alternative to complete surgical excision must be avoided at all costs as this may preclude subsequent embolisation.
CIP, a Cardiac Isl1-Interacting Protein, Represses Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
Authors: Zhan-Peng Huang, Hee Young Seok, Bin Zhou, Jinghai Chen, Jian-Fu Chen, Yazhong Tao, William T. Pu, Da-Zhi Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Mammalian heart has minimal regenerative capacity. In response to mechanical or pathological stress, the heart undergoes cardiac remodeling. Pressure and volume overload in the heart cause increased size (hypertrophic growth) of cardiomyocytes. Whereas the regulatory pathways that activate cardiac hypertrophy have been well-established, the molecular events that inhibit or repress cardiac hypertrophy are less known.To identify and investigate novel regulators that modulate cardiac hypertrophy.Here, we report the identification, characterization, and functional examination of a novel cardiac Isl1-interacting protein (CIP). CIP was identified from a bioinformatic search for novel cardiac-expressed genes in mouse embryonic hearts. CIP encodes a nuclear protein without recognizable motifs. Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, and reporter gene tracing demonstrated that CIP is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes of developing and adult hearts. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Isl1, a LIM/homeodomain transcription factor essential for the specification of cardiac progenitor cells in the second heart field, as a cofactor of CIP. CIP directly interacted with Isl1, and we mapped the domains of these two proteins, which mediate their interaction. We show that CIP represses the transcriptional activity of Isl1 in the activation of the myocyte enhancer factor 2C. The expression of CIP was dramatically reduced in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Most importantly, overexpression of CIP repressed agonist-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Our studies therefore identify CIP as a novel regulator of cardiac hypertrophy.
Occurrence of acute monocytic leukemia in a case of untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Naoko Murashige, Rosa Tabanda, Ralph Zalusky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare complication of untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Although two such cases have been reported, occurrence of acute monocytic leukemia, FAB M5b subtype, in a patient with untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia has not been reported. The patient had distinct foci with clear demarcation of lymphoid infiltrates and myeloid infiltrates in the bone marrow, representing Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and acute monocytic leukemia, indicating the concurrence of two primary malignancies.
Contractile activity modulates actin synthesis and turnover in cultured neonatal rat heart cells.
Authors: W W Sharp, L Terracio, T K Borg, A M Samarel
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

In this study, the role that active tension development plays in the formation and maintenance of cardiac myocyte myofibrillar structure and cellular shape was investigated. By use of the calcium channel blocker verapamil, spontaneous contractile activity of neonatal rat heart myocytes was inhibited for 24 to 96 hours. Confocal microscopy of rhodamine phalloidin-stained cells revealed that, within 24 hours of contractile arrest, actin filaments of myofibrils were no longer aligned with one another at their I bands and Z lines. Cellular shape was also affected, with the cells developing a less stellate appearance while remaining attached to the substrate as well as to one another. By 48 hours, actin fibrils were largely absent from these cells. The disappearance of actin was confirmed by measurements of actin synthesis and accumulation rates and by pulse-chase biosynthetic labeling experiments. It was revealed that, although actin synthesis was significantly reduced in arrested myocytes, the rapid disappearance of total cellular actin was largely due to increased rates of actin degradation. Contractile arrest produced by L-type calcium channel blockade with verapamil (or other calcium channel blockers) accelerated actin degradation to a greater extent than K+ depolarization. Chloroquine partially suppressed the accelerated rate of actin degradation, indicating that lysosomal proteolysis may be involved in actin degradative processing. Protein kinase C activation also partially inhibited the accelerated rate of actin degradation but did not restore actin filaments in arrested myocytes. The reformation of actin fibrils and their reassembly into striated myofibrils occurred when contractile activity was restored by removal of verapamil from the culture medium. The period of time required for myocytes to reassemble actin filaments and to regain their elongated morphology was proportional to the period of time that the cells were inhibited from contracting. Data are presented to indicate that active tension development by neonatal cardiac myocytes in culture is critical to the maintenance of filamentous actin structure via mechanisms involving actin assembly, disassembly, and degradation.
Thirty-Day Prevalence of<i>DSM-IV</i>Mental Disorders Among Nondeployed Soldiers in the US Army
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Steven G. Heeringa, Murray B. Stein, Lisa J. Colpe, Carol S. Fullerton, Irving Hwang, James A. Naifeh, Matthew K. Nock, Maria Petukhova, Nancy A. Sampson, Michael Schoenbaum, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Robert J. Ursano
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Although high rates of current mental disorder are known to exist in the US Army, little is known about the proportions of these disorders that had onsets prior to enlistment.To estimate the proportions of 30-day DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed US Army personnel with first onsets prior to enlistment and the extent which role impairments associated with 30-day disorders differ depending on whether the disorders had pre- vs post-enlistment onsets.A representative sample of 5428 soldiers participating in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers completed self-administered questionnaires and consented to linkage of questionnaire responses with administrative records.Thirty-day DSM-IV internalizing (major depressive, bipolar, generalized anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress) and externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity, intermittent explosive, alcohol/drug) disorders were assessed with validated self-report scales. Age at onset was assessed retrospectively. Role impairment was assessed with a modified Sheehan Disability Scale.A total of 25.1% of respondents met criteria for any 30-day disorder (15.0% internalizing; 18.4% externalizing) and 11.1% for multiple disorders. A total of 76.6% of cases reported pre-enlistment age at onset of at least one 30-day disorder (49.6% internalizing; 81.7% externalizing). Also, 12.8% of respondents reported severe role impairment. Controlling for sociodemographic and Army career correlates, which were broadly consistent with other studies, 30-day disorders with pre-enlistment (χ₈² = 131.8, P < .001) and post-enlistment (χ₇² = 123.8, P < .001) ages at onset both significantly predicted severe role impairment, although pre-enlistment disorders were more consistent powerful predictors (7 of 8 disorders significant; odds ratios, 1.6-11.4) than post-enlistment disorders (5 of 7 disorders significant; odds ratios, 1.5-7.7). Population-attributable risk proportions of severe role impairment were 21.7% for pre-enlistment disorders, 24.3% for post-enlistment disorders, and 43.4% for all disorders.Interventions to limit accession or increase resilience of new soldiers with pre-enlistment mental disorders might reduce prevalence and impairments of mental disorders in the US Army.
Using mobile phones in hospitals: Evidence is lacking, but risk may not be nothing
Authors: Alex G Birkett
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
A STUDY IN PSYCHOBIOLOGY
Authors: Curtis T. Prout, Lloyd H. Ziegler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)

1. The psychobiologic approach to life is that of treating it as a whole rather than splitting it into "mental" and "physical." 2. Seven lectures dealing with the problems of life as a whole are given to first-year medical students. 3. Each student is required to write an autobiography in which he discusses frankly the problems that have been troublesome in his life. 4. The data from these autobiographies are classified. 5. It is felt that such autobiographical data not only serves as a means of getting acquainted with the students, but also afford a useful approach to the psychiatric training most helpful to the general practitioner of medicine. 6. These autobiographies present methods and conditions by which the hazards of life have been overcome or rationalized. 7. Other educational and psychiatric problems are suggested by the data.
Friendly Case of Poisoning
Authors: Thomas Primrose
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  I was intrigued by the Friendly Case of Poisoning: What Dunnit? ( JAMA  189: 849 [Sept 14] 1964). I wondered if I might be the only one of your readers to have read The Pale Horse by Agatha Christie, first published in 1961, in which the poison used is exactly the same. As medical students in Edinburgh in the late thirties, we were well used to thallium, since it was greatly in vogue as an epilating agent in the treatment of ringworm in school children. At that time, thallium was thought to be a great advance on the tedious and not too satisfactory use of x-ray therapy to remove the scalp hair.  Thank you again for this entertaining vignette.
Coarse Facies, Calvarial Thickening and Hyperphosphatasia Associated with Long-Term Anticonvulsant Therapy
Authors: Elizabeth Borrone Lefebvre, Robert G. Haining, Robert F. Labbé
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

GROSS enlargement of the lips and nose and a generalized thickening of subcutaneous tissues of the face and scalp in several residents in a state institution for the mentally retarded prompted a review of the total population (750). Persons with the coarse features were found only among the 222 residents with seizures. Of these, the facial changes were obvious in approximately V3, were questionable in V3, and were absent in the remaining V3. Early photographs, where available, showed normal facies. Figure 1 shows a moderately affected boy at the ages of four and 16 years. Despite acromegaloid features, the sizes of the . . .