tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decoration of the Anaesthetic Room: A Study of Patients' Reactions
Authors: G. C. Steel
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Background</h3> Bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by osteoclasts, which are derived from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage. Although there is much known about mature osteoclasts, the identity of osteoclast precursor populations during arthritis is poorly understood. Blood monocytes can be subdivided in classical inflammatory monocytes (CD115<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>high</sup>CCR2<sup>+</sup>) and non-classical resident monocytes (CD115<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>-/low</sup>CCR2<sup>–</sup>) and especially classical monocytes have been implicated in mediating tissue damage in autoimmunity. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the role of different monocyte populations in joint destruction. <h3>Methods</h3> HTNFtg mice were clinically scored once per week for grip strength and swelling. In addition, blood was collected every other week starting on week 4. Mice were sacrificed at week 10 - blood, spleen and bone marrow were collected for flow cytometry analysis. K/BxN Arthritis was induced in wild type mice, blood and spleen were collected 14 days after disease induction. HTNFtg/CCR2<sup>–/–</sup> and hTNFtg mice were analyzed histologically. Different monocyte subsets were Facs-sorted and cultured in the presence of RANKL and MCSF to induce osteoclasts. RNA sequencing of RANKL stimulated osteoclast precursor cells was performed. <h3>Results</h3> Here we show that hTNFtg mice lacking CCR2, which lack circulating classical inflammatory monocytes, show enhanced local bone erosion and osteoclast generation in chronic TNF driven arthritis. When we correlated the number of the two monocyte subsets in blood with histological signs of joint destruction the number of inflammatory monocytes did not correlate at all with those parameters. In contrast, the number of non-classical monocytes in blood significantly correlated with the extent of tissue damage in both hTNFtg arthritis and also K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. Histological examination revealed that while all infiltrating monocytes express CD115, only a small fraction of these cells express Ly6C, suggesting that the synovial infiltrate predominantly consists of Ly6C<sup>-/low</sup> monocytes. Upon sorting resident and from blood, we demonstrate that resident Ly6C<sup>-/low</sup> monocytes are more potent to form osteoclasts <i>ex vivo</i> than classical Ly6C<sup>high</sup> monocytes. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling revealed increased expression of genes which are required for pre-osteoclast fusion in RANKL-stimulated resident Ly6C<sup>-/low</sup> monocytes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Non classical resident monocytes possess particular osteoclastogenic potential and their numbers in blood correlate with histological parameters of joint destruction in two different models of inflammatory arthritis. Therefore these cells may provide a biomarker for erosive inflammatory arthritis and even a possible target for therapeutically intervention. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The Limits of Intuition in Medicine: A Review of Hillel Braude's<i>Intuition in Medicine: A Philosophical Defense of Clinical Reasoning</i>
Authors: Abraham P. Schwab
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Intuition in Medicine is as much a history as a set of arguments. More than half the text is spent setting the table for a rich, historically informed discussion of the appropriate use of intuition...
Measurement of pulmonary wedge pressure by the flow directed Swan-Ganz catheter
Authors: G. A. BATSON, K. P. CHANDRASEKHAR, Y. PAYAS, D. F. RICKARDS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Forty patients were studied by the Swan–Ganz flow directed catheter and the wedge pressure was shown to be identical with that obtained by a Cournand and correlated well with the direct left atrial pressure. It is confirmed that the technique is both simple and rapid.
A CASE OF VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: J. T. C. Nash
Journal: BMJ (1909)

BRItTisOIIB'Unfortunately the colours have undergone some change, and it is not so clear as could be wished.Author's diagnosis: Syphilide pigmentaire.2. A chromo-lithograph from Chotzen's Atlas.The neck of a young woman exhibiting in the most definite manner large areas of dull white arranged dapple-wise on a brown skin.
Treatment of dementia in the community
Authors: Jeannette Golden, Brian Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Occupational therapy improves function and reduces the burden on care givers

The paper by Graff and colleagues in this week's BMJ comes at a time of disappointment and confusion for people with dementia and for those who care for them.1 The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recently recommended that cholinesterase inhibitors should not be used in patients with mild dementia, on the grounds that the modest benefits of treatment do not justify the healthcare costs.2 The hope that atypical antipsychotic drugs might play an important role in the management of non-cognitive aspects of dementia has been thwarted by evidence of adverse cerebrovascular events and increased mortality.3 Against this background, Graff and colleagues' study provides hope for effective non-pharmacological interventions and an example of how to design research into care for dementia. 

The trial participants comprised 135 people with mild to moderate dementia who were living in the community. It found that a five week occupational therapy intervention (about 18 hours for each patient and care giver) significantly increased …
A man with penoscrotal swelling and bruising
Authors: M. Wijesinghe, R. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 50 year old, morbidly obese, immobile man with a long term catheter secondary to urinary retention as a result of benign prostatic enlargement presented to his general practitioner. He had a two day history of frank haematuria and progressively worsening scrotal, penile, and suprapubic pain that occurred a few days after a routine catheter change. The doctor noted scrotal swelling and bruising and suspected urethral injury as a result of traumatic catheterisation. He became progressively more unwell, and an emergency referral to urology was made three days later. On admission, he was systemically unwell, with a blood pressure of 95/60 mm Hg and an irregular pulse rate of 105 beats/min. Electrocardiography confirmed atrial fibrillation. His temperature was 37.5°C and respiratory rate was 22 breaths/min, with a pulse oximeter saturation of 93% on air. Oxygen administration and aggressive fluid resuscitation were initiated. On examination, he had extensive swelling and a black-purple discoloration of the scrotum, penis, and suprapubic region, in addition to malodour. Laboratory results on admission showed haemoglobin 136 g/l, white cell count of 55.3×109/l, platelets 521×109/l, international normalised ratio 14, C reactive protein 272 mg/l, urea 13.3 mmol/l, and creatinine 356 µmol/l. Subsequent catheter sample urinalysis and blood cultures showed no bacterial growth. His arterial blood gas on 2 litres of oxygen via a nasal cannula showed pH 7.456, partial pressure of oxygen 17.2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 3.92, base excess −2.9, and standard bicarbonate 22.7. Chest radiography was unremarkable. His medical history included morbid obesity, poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which was treated with steroid inhalers.
Developmental Endothelial Locus-1 (Del-1), a Novel Angiogenic Protein
Authors: Hoai-Ky V. Ho, James J. Jang, Shuichiro Kaji, Gary Spektor, Annie Fong, Phillip Yang, Bob S. Hu, Randy Schatzman, Thomas Quertermous, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Developmentally regulated endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed by endothelial cells during embryological vascular development. We speculated that Del-1 may be reexpressed in ischemia and may be involved in endogenous angiogenesis. Methods and Results— Del-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in murine ischemic hindlimb after femoral artery excision. To determine whether exogenous Del-1 would augment angiogenesis in vivo, Del-1 or vehicle was administered for 3 weeks by intramuscular injection of murine ischemic hindlimbs. Angiogenesis was quantified by gadolinium-MRI perfusion and capillary densitometry. We used a disc angiogenesis system (DAS) to characterize the angiogenic response to vehicle (PBS), Del-1, Del-1 mutant (altered RGD domain), Del-1 minor (truncated discoidin-I–like domain), or basic fibroblast growth factor. After 14 days, the discs were extracted and sectioned to quantify vascular growth by morphometry. Endogenous Del-1 protein expression was increased in ischemic hindlimbs. Administration of Del-1 increased hindlimb vascular flow index and capillary density. In the DAS, Del-1 doubled fibrovascular growth, as did basic fibroblast growth factor. However, angiogenesis was not enhanced by the Del-1 mutant or Del-1 minor proteins. Conclusions— Del-1 is expressed in ischemic tissue. Del-1 stimulates angiogenesis, an effect that is dependent on the RGD motif and a second signaling sequence in the discoidin-I–like domain. Exogenous intramuscular administration of Del-1 significantly enhances angiogenesis in the murine ischemic hindlimb. Del-1 may prove to be a novel therapeutic agent for patients with ischemia.
Two-Dimensional Echocardiography: Clinical-Pathological Correlations in Adult and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is a large and handsome book that combines the features of an atlas and a textbook of echocardiography. The authors are from four different institutions and represent the fields of adult and pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular pathology. The book's main strength is the large number and high quality of the illustrations, which includes nearly 500 two-dimensional echocardiographic frames as well as some M-mode illustrations. There are also more than 100 gross anatomic illustrations, mostly cross sections of the whole heart that are made to simulate the various anatomic planes that are visualized by two-dimensional echocardiography. While not usually taken from the same patients whose echocardiograms are illustrated, the anatomic illustrations presented in the context of a textbook and atlas of echocardiography make the volume uniquely useful for echocardiographic-anatomic correlation. The discussions of etiology, clinical features, and additional diagnostic studies are necessarily limited in scope and do not carry the
ECG-gated F-18 FDG and Tc-99m MIBI dual-isotope simultaneous acquisition SPECT to assess myocardial glucose metabolism, perfusion, and function in a single study
Authors: Ichiro Matsunari, Sugako Kanayama, Susumu Fujino, Tatsuya Yoneyama, Junichi Taki, Kenichi Nakajima, Noboru Takekoshi, Stephan G. Nekolla, Norihisa Tonami, Kinichi Hisada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Clinic fuels Canadian debate over private health care
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The debate about the introduction of a “two tier medical system” into Canada has been reignited by the recent opening of the privately run Rockland MD Medical and Surgical Centre, in Montreal. Medical and surgical procedures are billed to the province's publicly funded medical insurance plan. But Rockland is also charging patients for “incidental expenses,” which the public sector will not cover, including the use of its equipment and staffing.

A year ago, Quebec's premier, Jean Charest, announced plans to include more private medical care provision in the public healthcare system ( BMJ 2006;332:507 doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7540.507-a).

Critics are concerned that the wider range of surgical procedures available at Rockland contravenes the Canada …
Serine Proteinases of Mast Cell and Leukocyte Granules: A League of Their Own
Authors: George H. Caughey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Serine proteinases are hydrolases that use serine's side chain hydroxyl group to attack and cleave internal peptide bonds in peptides and proteins. They reside in all mammalian tissues, including the lung and airway. As a group, they vary tremendously in form and target specificity and have a vast repertoire of functions, many of which are critical for life. A subset of these proteinases is expressed primarily in the cytosolic granules of leukocytes from bone marrow, including mast cells. Examples are elastase-related proteinases and cathepsin G of monocytes and neutrophils, the many "granzymes" of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and the tryptases and chymases of mast cells. The pace of discovery and characterization of these granule-associated serine proteinases, fueled by technical advances in molecular biology, has accelerated rapidly in the past few years. Progress has been made in assigning possible functions to individual proteinases. However, the burgeoning numbers of these enzymes; their cell, tissue and species-dependent differences in expression; and their variety of action in vitro (despite, in many cases, shared modes of activation and recent divergence in protein evolution) have vexed and challenged those of us who are anxious to establish their roles in mammalian biology. Certainly, much remains to be discovered and clarified. The purpose of this overview is to capture the state of the art in this field, stressing the similarities as well as the differences among individual granule-associated proteinases and focusing particularly on those enzymes likely to be important in the human lung and airways.
Abstract IA2: Navigating the balance of <i>INK4/ARF</i> expression in cancer: ncRNAs as sensors and regulators of transcription
Authors: Martin J. Walsh, Francesca Aguilo, SiDe Li, Kyoko Yap, Jesus Gil, Ming-Ming Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The INK/ARF (CDKN2A) locus expresses p15Ink4B, p16Ink4A, p14Arf and is under control of Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 to impose transcriptional silencing to bypass cellular senescence upon oncogenic stress. Previously, we had identified a constituent member of human PRC1, known as the chromobox protein 7 (CBX7), is endowed the capacity to bind specifically to elements of the long non-coding RNA identified as the non-coding anti-sense RNA of the INK locus (ANRIL) RNA transcript as a mature processed polyadenylated RNA transcript. ANRIL represent a large heterogeneous population of individual transcripts and their isoforms arising from the localized genomic region overlapping INK/ARF. These transcripts reveal independent patterns of expression dependent on the state of cell growth and differentiation. Moreover, specific transcripts overlapping the ANRIL region of chromosome 9p21.3 provide strict correlation to human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal versus differentiation. We recently identify specific ANRIL transcripts and isoforms that are correlative with human prostate tumor stages and states of malignancy. We had previously shown that certain transcripts correlate with PRC1 is organized on the INK/ARF locus through the interaction between CBX7 and the nascent ANRIL transcript to help establish and maintain repressive histone H3K27 methylation and H2AK119 monoubiquitination. Both PRC1 and PRC2 can interact with different ANRIL transcript regions and it remains unclear whether this activity is cooperative. This activity is abrogated in the absence of RNA polymerase II activity thereby requiring nascent transcription of anti-sense transcripts of INK/ARF by RNA polymerase II (RNA POLII). Interestingly, TAF15/TAFII68 can be tethered to CBX7 in prostate carcinoma cells where the ANRIL ncRNA transcripts are elevated. Our recent finding is that specific ANRIL transcripts directed by RNAPOLII are influenced by RNA polymerase III (RNA POLIII) as measured through the depletion of the core RNA POLIII factor BRF1. This evidence suggests that RNA POLIII may populate RNA synthesis of shorter transcripts to influence PRC1 and PRC2 binding thereby instructing the behavior of RNA POLII synthesis. This provides a rational mechanism whereby RNA POLIII with RNAPOLIII provide the genomic RNA context to instruct PRC1 and PRC2 to exert antisense transcription at the expense of transcriptional activity of INK/ARF. Citation Format: Martin J. Walsh, Francesca Aguilo, SiDe Li, Kyoko Yap, Jesus Gil, Ming-Ming Zhou. Navigating the balance of INK4/ARF expression in cancer: ncRNAs as sensors and regulators of transcription [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA2.
PENETRATION OF NORMAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE RABBIT BY TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AND THE INFLUENCE OF THIS MODE OF INFECTION UPON THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

Experiments were carried out with three strains of Treponema pallidum to determine whether infection could be produced by applying an emulsion, rich in spirochetes, to normal mucous membranes of rabbits and whether an infection produced in this manner differed in any respect from one produced by other methods of inoculation. It was found that a simple instillation of a spirochete emulsion into the conjunctival sac or the sheath was all that was necessary to obtain an infection. Still, the infection produced in this manner differed from that produced by intracutaneous or testicular inoculations in that it tended to pursue a mild or asymptomatic course and frequently without the development of a characteristic chancre. It is pointed out that these experiments may have a bearing on problems pertaining to obscure and atypical cases of human syphilis as well as the more immediate question of the infectivity of Treponema pallidum.
Nutrition and School Lunches
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
You Can't Unring a Bell
Authors: Thomas L Schwenk
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of venous thromboembolic diseases and the role of thrombophilia testing: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: L.-Y. Chong, E. Fenu, G. Stansby, S. Hodgkinson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Venous thromboembolic diseases range from asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to fatal pulmonary embolism. Non-fatal venous thromboembolic diseases may also cause serious long term conditions such as post-thrombotic syndrome or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In the United Kingdom, pathways to diagnosis and to decisions on long term treatment or further investigation for thrombophilia and cancer vary, so guidance is needed in these areas. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of confirmed or suspected venous thromboembolic diseases in adults (excluding pregnant women).1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Diagnostic investigations for deep venous thrombosis
Hydroxyurea therapy for management of secondary erythrocytosis in cyanotic congenital heart disease
Authors: Ulrike M. Reiss, Pamela Bensimhon, Sherri A. Zimmerman, Russell E. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Secondary erythrocytosis in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) causes substantial morbidity because of complications of hyperviscosity, including stroke and chronic end organ damage. Phlebotomy provides temporary improvement but leads to iron deficiency and can actually increase blood viscosity. We describe the successful use of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) in four patients with uncorrected CCHD and symptomatic secondary erythrocytosis. In all patients, hydroxyurea improved symptoms of hyperviscosity. Substantial decreases in the red blood cell (RBC) count were observed, along with increases in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), leading to only modest declines in the circulating hemoglobin concentration. Two patients experienced transient mild myelosuppression, which promptly resolved with dose reduction of hydroxyurea. Hydroyxurea provides a novel and useful therapeutic approach to reduce hyperviscosity from secondary erythrocytosis in patients with CCHD, while preserving oxygen carrying capacity and avoiding iron depletion by phlebotomy. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.