tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Effects of Population-Based Screening for Prostate Cancer on Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: M.-L. Essink-Bot, H. J. de Koning, H. G. T. Nijs, W. J. Kirkels, P. J. van der Maas, F. H. Schroder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Population-based screening for prostate cancer is currently being evaluated in randomized clinical trials in the United States and in Europe. Side effects arising from the process of screening and from the earlier treatment of screen-detected prostate cancer may be important factors in the evaluation. To examine health-related quality of life (or health status) among men screened for prostate cancer, we conducted a longitudinal study of 626 attenders to the Rotterdam (The Netherlands) prostate cancer screening program and of 500 nonparticipants.Attenders of the screening program and nonparticipants completed self-assessment questionnaires (SF-36 [i.e., Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey] and EQ-5D [i.e., EuroQol measure for health-related quality of life] health surveys) to measure generic health status, as well as an additional questionnaire for anxiety and items relating to prostate cancer screening.Physical discomfort during digital rectal examination and during transrectal ultrasound was reported by 181 (37%) of 491 men and by 139 (29%) of 487 men, respectively; discomfort during prostate biopsy was reported by 64 (55%) of 116 men. Mean scores for health status and anxiety indicated that the participants did not experience relevant changes in physical, psychological, and social functioning during the screening procedure. However, high levels of anxiety were observed throughout the screening process among men with a high predisposition to anxiety. Similar scores for anxiety predisposition were observed among attenders and nonparticipants.At the group level, we did not find evidence that prostate cancer screening induced important short-term health-status effects, despite the short-lasting side effects related to the biopsy procedure. However, subgroups may experience high levels of anxiety. The implication is that unfavorable health-status effects of prostate cancer screening occur mainly in the treatment phase.
Hyperinfection with strongyloides.
Authors: R. Seymour, P. Finucane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and the screening study (0-6% of the entire adult population v 3-5% of the 2000 screened subjects visiting a primary care centre) is not surprising.A much larger fraction of patients visiting a primary care unit will be taking thyroxine than in the general population.Furthermore, the prevalence found in patients visiting the primary care centre agrees with our previous findings in subjects seeking hospital care.'
When Not Being Superior May Not Be Good Enough
Authors: Farhood Farjah, David R. Flum
Journal: JAMA (2007)

1. Doberneck RC, Mittelman J. Reappraisal of the problems of intra-abdominal abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;154(6):875-879. 2. Pitcher WD, Musher DM. Critical importance of early diagnosis and treatment of intra-abdominal infection. Arch Surg. 1982;117(3):328-333. 3. Koperna T, Schulz F. Prognosis and treatment of peritonitis. Do we need new scoring systems? Arch Surg. 1996;131(2):180-186. 4. Fry DE, Garrison RN, Heitsch RC, Calhoun K, Polk HC Jr. Determinants of death in patients with intraabdominal abscess. Surgery. 1980;88(4):517-523. 5. Deck KB, Berne TV. Selective management of subphrenic abscesses. Arch Surg. 1979;114(10):1165-1168. 6. Dellinger EP, Wertz MJ, Meakins JL, et al. Surgical infection stratification system for intra-abdominal infection. Arch Surg. 1985;120(1):21-29. 7. Koperna T, Schulz F. Relaparotomy in peritonitis: prognosis and treatment of patients with persisting intraabdominal infection. World J Surg. 2000;24(1):32-37. 8. Seiler CA, Brugger L, Forssmann U, Baer HU, Buchler MW. Conservative surgical treatment of diffuse peritonitis. Surgery. 2000;127(2):178-184. 9. Christou NV, Barie PS, Dellinger EP, Waymack JP, Stone HH; Surgical Infection Society Intra-abdominal Infection Study. Prospective evaluation of management techniques and outcome. Arch Surg. 1993;128(2):193-198. 10. Penninckx FM, Kerremans RP, Lauwers PM. Planned relaparotomies in the surgical treatment of severe generalized peritonitis from intestinal origin. World J Surg. 1983;7(6):762-766. 11. van Ruler O, Mahler CW, Boer KR, et al; for the Dutch Peritonitis Study Group. Comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007;298(8):865-873. 12. Ohmann C, Yang Q, Hau T, Wacha H; Peritonitis Study Group of the Surgical Infection Society Europe. Prognostic modelling in peritonitis. Eur J Surg. 1997; 163(1):53-60.
Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research Into Homosexuality
Authors: C. Weijer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Simon Levay MIT Press, £16.95, pp 364 ISBN 0 262 12199 9

What makes people gay or lesbian? And why should we care? Neuroanatomist and queer researcher Simon Levay provides an accessible overview of answers to these questions in his latest book. Levay, himself the subject of controversy after his report in Science in 1991 of the sex-atypical size of a nucleus in the brains of gay men, is well situated to detail scientific research into the aetiology of homosexuality and its all important social …
Interaction of recombinant apolipoprotein(a) and lipoprotein(a) with macrophages.
Authors: T F Zioncheck, L M Powell, G C Rice, D L Eaton, R M Lawn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), represent a major, inherited risk factor for coronary heart disease, although the mechanism of its action remains unknown. Lp(a) is distinguished from the related LDL particle by the addition of apolipoprotein(a), apo(a). The presence of this large glycoprotein is likely to affect the binding of the particle to the LDL receptor and/or other receptors which may contribute to the atherogenic potential of Lp(a). Here we demonstrate the binding to macrophages of Lp(a) and pure recombinant apo(a) protein, via a specific, high-affinity receptor. This binding could lead to foam cell formation and the localization of Lp(a) to atherosclerotic plaques.
Pye's surgical handicraft; being a practical guide for the general practitioner, the house surgeon, the surgical dresser, and the specialist surgical nurse. Vol. II (Special).
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The publication of the 18th edition of a medical work first published almost 80 years ago makes us wonder why it continues to survive and in what respects the current edition resembles the original. In the preface to the very first edition Pye wrote, "In this book I have endeavored to describe the details of surgical work as it appears from the point of view of house-surgeons and dressers in surgical wards. My aim has been, further, to present this work to them as to men apprenticed to a skilled labour, in which excellence can only be obtained by the acquisition of manual skill or handicraft; for although surgery is doubtless becoming more scientific day by day, and although it may, even now, have come to pass that with the increasing recognition of its higher aims, its manipulative side is unduly overshadowed, nevertheless Chirurgery can never be false to its
Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1
Authors: Aernout Luttun, Marc Tjwa, Lieve Moons, Yan Wu, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Fang Liao, Janice A. Nagy, Andrea Hooper, Josef Priller, Bert De Klerck, Veerle Compernolle, Evis Daci, Peter Bohlen, Mieke Dewerchin, Jean-Marc Herbert, Roy Fava, Patrick Matthys, Geert Carmeliet, Désiré Collen, Harold F. Dvorak, Daniel J. Hicklin, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Cardiologists call for pan-African initiative to tackle epidemic of heart disease and stroke
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

African countries are facing an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes that requires urgent action by healthcare professionals and governments, urges a declaration published this week by cardiologists throughout the continent.

The declaration, in the March and April issue of the Cardiovascular Journal of Africa (www.cvja.co.za), calls for investment in the training of healthcare professionals in cardiovascular diseases relevant to Africa, supported by the development of centres of cardiovascular excellence at universities and hospitals throughout the continent. It also recommends greater efforts in prevention, in research into the heart diseases that specifically affect Africa and in surveillance systems for collecting more accurate data on the numbers of people affected.

Rheumatic heart disease, which should be declining and could be eradicated, remains the most common form of heart disease in African …
RELATION OF CERTAIN ENDOCRINE DISTURBANCES TO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTER TO EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Constantin V. Teodoru, Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Alterations in susceptibility of the Syrian hamster to poliomyelitis virus (MEF1) inoculated intracerebrally appeared closely related to seasonal changes and experimental disturbances in the adreno-testes equilibrium. Enhanced susceptibility coincided with seasonal enlargement of adrenals, followed cortisone and DOCA treatment and appeared during the initial postorchiectomy period. Increased resistance occurred incidentally to adrenalectomy, seasonal diminution in adrenal weight, testosterone overdosage, and testicular hypertrophy induced by treatment with GTH or chorionic gonadotrophin. The effect of certain hormonal interactions, the interference of conditioning factors and the role of compensatory reactions are discussed.
Allergen-induced IL-9 directly stimulates mucin transcription in respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: M. Longphre, D. Li, M. Gallup, E. Drori, C.L. Ordoñez, T. Redman, S. Wenzel, D. E. Bice, J.V. Fahy, C. Basbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

A hallmark of asthma is mucin overproduction, a condition that contributes to airway obstruction. The events responsible for mucin overproduction are not known but are thought to be associated with mediators of chronic inflammation. Others have shown that T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes are required for mucous cell metaplasia, which then leads to mucin overproduction in animal models of allergy. We hypothesized that Th2 cell mediators are present in asthmatic airway fluid and directly stimulate mucin synthesis in airway epithelial cells. Results in cultured airway epithelial cells showed that samples of asthmatic fluid stimulated mucin (MUC5AC) synthesis severalfold more potently than non-asthmatic fluid. Consistent with this, lavage fluid from the airways of allergen-challenged dogs stimulated mucin synthesis severalfold more potently than that from non–allergen-challenged dogs. Fractionation of dog samples revealed 2 active fractions at <10 kDa and 30–100 kDa. Th2 cytokines in these molecular weight ranges are IL-9 (36 kDa), IL-5 (56 kDa), and IL-13 (10 kDa). Antibody blockade of ligand-receptor interaction for IL-9 (but not IL-5 or IL-13) inhibited mucin stimulation by dog airway fluid. Furthermore, recombinant IL-9, but not IL-5 or IL-13, stimulated mucin synthesis. These results indicate that IL-9 may account for as much as 50–60% of the mucin-stimulating activity of lung fluids in allergic airway disease.
Association of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Plaques, and C-Reactive Protein With Future Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Jie J. Cao, Alice M. Arnold, Teri A. Manolio, Joseph F. Polak, Bruce M. Psaty, Calvin H. Hirsch, Lewis H. Kuller, Mary Cushman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Carotid atherosclerosis, measured as carotid intima-media thickness or as characteristics of plaques, has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and CRP and their joint roles in CVD prediction. Methods and Results— Of 5888 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, an observational study of adults aged ≥65 years, 5020 without baseline CVD were included in the analysis. They were followed up for as long as 12 years for CVD incidence and all-cause mortality after baseline ultrasound and CRP measurement. When CRP was elevated (&gt;3 mg/L) among those with detectable atherosclerosis on ultrasound, there was a 72% (95% CI, 1.46 to 2.01) increased risk for CVD death and a 52% (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.68) increased risk for all-cause mortality. Elevated CRP in the absence of atherosclerosis did not increase CVD or all-cause mortality risk. The proportion of excess risk attributable to the interaction of high CRP and atherosclerosis was 54% for CVD death and 79% for all-cause mortality. Addition of CRP or carotid atherosclerosis to conventional risk factors modestly increased in the ability to predict CVD, as measured by the c statistic. Conclusions— In older adults, elevated CRP was associated with increased risk for CVD and all-cause mortality only in those with detectable atherosclerosis based on carotid ultrasound. Despite the significant associations of CRP and carotid atherosclerosis with CVD, these measures modestly improve the prediction of CVD outcomes after one accounts for the conventional risk factors.
Life and Death after ICD Implantation
Authors: Jeff Healey, Stuart Connolly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Randomized trials have established that the prophylactic use of implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) prolongs survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction that is due to myocardial infarction1 or associated with heart failure from any cause.2 One of the pivotal trials, the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000609), compared ICD therapy or amiodarone with placebo in 2521 patients with symptomatic heart failure due to ischemic or nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction.2 That trial showed that among patients who had an ICD as compared with those who received a placebo, there was an absolute reduction in mortality of 7.2 . . .
TCT-17 Serial Changes of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Malapposition: An Optical Coherence Tomography Subanalysis from the RESET Trial
Authors: Kunihiro Shimamura, Takashi Kubo, Takashi Akasaka, Yasushi Ino, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Keiichi Igarashi, Kengo Tanabe, Yoshihiro Morino, Masashi Iwabuchi, Kazuo Kimura, Ken Kozuma, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats
Authors: Zhen Y. Jiang, You-Wei Lin, Allen Clemont, Edward P. Feener, Katherine D. Hein, Masahiko Igarashi, Teruaki Yamauchi, Morris F. White, George L. King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been reported to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding insulin signaling in the vascular tissues in insulin-resistant states. In this report, insulin signaling on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways were compared in vascular tissues of lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats in both ex vivo and in vivo studies. Ex vivo, insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor β subunits (IRβ) in the aorta and microvessels of obese rats was significantly decreased compared with lean rats, although the protein levels of IRβ in the 2 groups were not different. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and their protein levels were decreased in the aorta of obese rats compared with lean rats. The association of p85 subunit to the IRS proteins and the IRS-associated PI 3-kinase activities stimulated by insulin in the aorta of obese rats were significantly decreased compared with the lean rats. In addition, insulin-stimulated serine phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream kinase of PI 3-kinase pathway, was also reduced significantly in isolated microvessels from obese rats compared with the lean rats. In euglycemic clamp studies, insulin infusion greatly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRβ- and IRS-2–associated PI 3-kinase activity in the aorta of lean rats, but only slight increases were observed in obese rats. In contrast, insulin stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase (ERK-1/2) equally in isolated microvessels of lean and obese rats, although basal tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 was higher in the obese rats. To our knowledge, these data provided the first direct measurements of insulin signaling in the vascular tissues, and documented a selective resistance to PI 3-kinase (but not to MAP kinase pathway) in the vascular tissues of obese Zucker rats.
Gene Therapy for Hemophilia
Authors: Daniel G. Miller, George Stamatoyannopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The current treatment of hemophilia, whether due to a deficiency of factor VIII or factor IX — as reviewed in this issue of the Journal 1 — consists of periodic replacement of the deficient factor with human blood products or recombinant proteins that have been synthesized in tissue culture. Ideally, there should be continuous endogenous production of these factors to protect against bleeding and to minimize exposure to infectious agents that may be present in replacement therapies. Theoretically, this goal can be achieved with gene therapy. The hemophilias are attractive candidates for gene therapy: the wide range of serum levels of . . .
ABC of spinal cord injury. Radiological investigations.
Authors: D Grundy, J Russell, A Swain
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Radiological investigation ofa high standard is crucial to the correct diagnosis ofa spinal injury.It is most important that the attending doctor should supervise all movement ofthe patient during radiological examination of the spine.Sandbags and collars are not always radiolucent, and clearer radiographs may be obtained ifthese are removed after preliminary films have been taken.Most accident departments rely on the use ofmobile x ray equipment for investigating seriously ill patients, but the quality offilms obtained in this way is invariably inferior.Ifthe patient's condition is otherwise satisfactory radiographs should be taken in the radiology department with a doctor in attendance. Cervical injuriesFracture of odontoid process.The
178. Structure-Activity Relationships in a Library of Pyridinium Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery
Authors: Marc A. Ilies, Betty H. Johnson, Aaron Miller, William A. Seitz, E. Brad Thompson, Alexandru T. Balaban
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene therapy promises to revolutionize medicine by providing a method to treat diseases at their core level-the living cell-with the ultimate drug-the DNA. However, its success relies on designing transfection systems that can overcome the different delivery barriers present in living organisms. Viral vectors are the most efficient, but they are hampered by safety issues related to their immunogenicity and sometimes fatal toxicity. Synthetic non-viral vectors-cationic lipids, polymers and related gemini surfactants and oligomeric polycations provide promising alternatives to the use of viruses for delivering genes therapeutically, but their efficiency must be increased [1]. Heterocyclic cationic lipids in particular were shown to display a good transfection profile and low cytotoxic side effects. Our strategy [2] for generating new synthetic cationic vectors for gene delivery bearing pyridinium polar heads is based on the use of highly reactive pyrylium salts, which can react with a primary amine to generate the polar head in single high-yield step. Switching from a monoamine to a di- or polyamine one can readily access the classes of cationic lipids, gemini surfactants or lipophilic polycations. We present a structure-activity relationship study which identified several lead compounds such as 1–7 that display better transfection profiles than commercial transfection systems in vitro and in vivo. The study offers insights on the influence of the structural elements on the physico-chemical properties and transfection efficiency of these classes on non-viral transfection systems, as well as the optimum formulations found to be the most efficient on various tumor cell lines, as well as for in vivo studies. The advantages of the present technology to generate fluorescent molecular markers will also be discussed. 1. M. A. Ilies, W. A. Seitz, A. T. Balaban, Curr. Pharm. Design, 2002, 8, 2441–2473; D. Niculescu-Duvaz, J. Heyes, C. J. Springer, Curr. Med. Chem.2003, 10, 1233–1261; A. J. Kirby et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2003, 42, 1448–1457; M. E. Davis, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.2002, 13, 128–131; K. Kostarelos, A. D. Miller, Adv. Genetics2005, 53, 71–118. 2. M. A. Ilies, W. A. Seitz, M. T. Caproiu, M. Wentz, R. E. Garfield, A. T. Balaban, Eur. J. Org. Chem.2003, 2645–2655; M. A. Ilies, W. A. Seitz, I. Ghiviriga, B. H. Johnson, A. Miller, E. B. Thompson, A. T. Balaban, J. Med. Chem.2004, 47, 3744–3754; M. A. Ilies, B. H. Johnson, F. Makori, A. Miller, W. A. Seitz, E. B. Thompson, A. T. Balaban, Arch. Biochem. Biophys.2005, 435, 217–226; A. T. Balaban, W. A. Seitz, M. A. Ilies, E. B. Thompson, R. E. Garfield, B. H. Johnson, A. Miller, M. Wentz, U.S. Patent 20050196863 A1.
A case report of concomitant paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and sickle cell disease
Authors: Jennifer M. Carreiro, James A. Strauchen, Luis M. Isola
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

RAD51 and XRCC3 polymorphism frequency and risk of myelodysplastic syndromes P value for w 2 or Fisher's exact test for allele frequency where appropriate.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Role of Diuretics in the Prevention of Heart Failure: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)”
Authors: Barry R. Davis, Linda B. Piller, Kay Dunn, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Michael Proschan, Curt Furberg, David Goff, Stanley Franklin, Frans Leenen, Syed Mohiuddin, Vasilios Papademetriou, Allan Ellsworth, John Golden, Pedro Colon, Richard Crow
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Gun-Associated Violence Increasingly Viewed as Public Health Challenge
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

GUN CONTROL opponents like to say that "guns don't kill people, people kill people." But people with guns kill people much more often and efficiently than people without guns. Guns may not cause violence, but they make violence more severe, more likely to lead to death instead of just injury. And it's not limited to the inner city. That fact shattered the idyllic University of Iowa campus in Iowa City last November. A disgruntled doctoral candidate gunned down six people, killing three professors, a student whom he apparently perceived to be a rival, and an administrator, and paralyzing a staff member—with a legally purchased handgun. <h3>'Lifetime' Change in 10 Minutes</h3> It all happened in 10 minutes. "The life of everyone on this campus changed forever," says Gregory Williams, JD, PhD, associate vice president for academic affairs. "We learned that no one is immune. To ignore such senseless acts only endangers