tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cottonwood Clues in Fallon: Tree Rings Reflect Tungsten, Cobalt Exposure
Authors: Valerie J. Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Arsenic Upsets HeartbeatPossible Early Warning for Cardiovascular Risk Acute arsenic exposure can cause severe heartbeat abnormalities, and chronic exposure has been linked to coronary disease and cancer.Now researchers from Inner Mongolia, China, and the United States have begun to analyze the effects of chronic exposure on the electrical signals that regulate heartbeat [EHP 115:690-694; Mumford et al.].They found a correlation between exposure via drinking well water and signal changes associated with arrhythmia and death.Tens of millions of people worldwide drink groundwater contaminated with naturally occurring arsenic.Through metabolism, the inorganic arsenic found in drinking water is converted to more toxic methylated compounds.The research team focused on the QTc interval, a specific portion of the cardiac signal that corresponds to the active pumping (systole) phase of the heartbeat.QTc intervals of 0.45 second or longer are associated with cardiac risk.The team used electrocardiography to measure the QTc interval of 168 men and 145 women from four villages in Ba Men, an area of Inner Mongolia where the drilling of artesian wells in 1980 exposed residents to arsenic.Arsenic exposure was determined through analysis of toenail samples from participants and water samples from their wells.Arsenic exposure was categorized as low (21 µg/L or less), medium (100-300 µg/L), or high (430-609 µg/L).As exposure to arsenic increased, so did the occurrence of prolonged QTc interval, which was seen in 3.9% of the low exposure group, 11.1% of the medium exposure group, and 20.6% of the high exposure group.Women-who typically have a longer QTc interval than men-were more susceptible to this effect than men.Age, smoking, and pesticide exposure did not affect the association.The authors suggest that arsenic may affect QTc interval by altering the flow of potassium ions that are involved in cardiac signaling.They write that measurement of QTc interval may be useful in the early detection of cardiovascular risk among individuals exposed to arsenic, as well as in the identification of populations where such risk is high.The team is currently conducting a large follow-up study in the same population.Meanwhile, the Chinese government is helping to install water systems in the Ba Men area that will decrease arsenic exposure.-Kris Freeman
No Bells! No Whistles! A Cognocardiologist!
Authors: Marvin L. Auerback
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Eureka! At last I have a well-defined specialty—pediatric cognocardiology. Thanks to the incisive comments of Falk,<sup>1</sup>I have finally learned that I<i>do</i>have a locus in the starry heavens of pediatric cardiology. For over 30 years I have labored away in the pediatric cardiac clinic of a city hospital treating individuals one does not usually encounter at cocktail parties, and making do with equipment that the university medical center would not be caught dead with even in storage, let alone actually use on living clients. During these three decades, I have had to survive in the academic life using old-fashioned concepts like history and physical examination to arrive at a diagnosis. Now, I see an opportunity to be, finally, a real member of the academic community. In the past, when asked in what areas of pediatric cardiology I excelled, I have had to admit, sheepishly,
Dietary Composition During Weight-Loss Maintenance
Authors: Mark A. Weaver
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genome-wide association analysis identifies a susceptibility locus for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Marine Germain, Mélanie Eyries, David Montani, Odette Poirier, Barbara Girerd, Peter Dorfmüller, Florence Coulet, Sophie Nadaud, Svetlana Maugenre, Christophe Guignabert, Wassila Carpentier, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, Marilyne Lévy, Ari Chaouat, Jean-Charles Lambert, Marion Bertrand, Anne-Marie Dupuy, Luc Letenneur, Mark Lathrop, Philippe Amouyel, Thomy J L de Ravel, Marion Delcroix, Eric D Austin, Ivan M Robbins, Anna R Hemnes, James E Loyd, Erika Berman-Rosenzweig, Robyn J Barst, Wendy K Chung, Gerald Simonneau, David A Trégouët, Marc Humbert, Florent Soubrier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
DRUG PROPHYLAXIS OF AMEBIASIS
Authors: D. A. Berberian
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Amebiasis is well recognized as a problem in institutional groups, and the occurrence of the infection in mental hospitals, particularly among highly disturbed patients, has been described repeatedly.<sup>1</sup>The problem of control presented by these situations is difficult. Clinical cases and high carrier rates usually persist even when the environment is assiduously sanitized to minimize the hazard of transmission through food, milk, water, or formites, such as eating utensils, clothing, and bedding. The regulation of the personal hygiene of patients, which is frequently complicated by fecal incontinence and coprophagy, is fraught with obvious inherent difficulties. Under such circumstances the attainment of even partial control of transmission of amebiasis is contingent on minimizing both the excretion of cysts of Endamoeba histolytica and the environmental fecal contamination. The situation in which the present studies were conducted is illustrative of the magnitude of the epidemiological problem of amebiasis inherent in a particular
Abstract 3490: Targeting E3 ligases in liver cancer stem cells with disruption of TGF-β signaling
Authors: Jian Chen, Yao Zhixing, Tapas Saha, Hai-Long Piao, Shumei Song, Wilma Jogunoori, Bibhuti Mishra, Lopa Mishra
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Hepatocellular Cancer (HCC) remains the 4th common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in a fragile cirrhotic patient, effective therapies whether they are chemotherapy or biologically based are disappointingly few, with a narrow therapeutic index. Recent studies support a key role for TGF-β signaling in suppressing these tumors. We have previously found that deletion of Smad3/4 adaptor β2SP results in a dramatic and spontaneous formation of liver (HCC) with exon 15 mutations in 11% of human HCC. β2SP+/− and β2SP+/−/Smad3+/− mice develop visceromegaly and multiple cancers (70% of mice), including HCC spontaneously presenting a strong model of the hereditary human cancer syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) as well as the stages of human HCC. High levels of E3 ligases KEAP1 and PRAJA are observed in human HCCs and in tumors of these mutant mice. Our hypothesis is that disruption of the TGF-β tumor suppressor pathway (through β2SP, Smad3 and Smad4) leads to a proliferative potential in cells that then acquire secondary events such as activation of E3 ligases (KEAP 1, PRAJA and others), presenting these as potentially powerful new targets for HCC. Methods &amp; Results: (1) β2SP+/− and β2SP+/−/Smad3+/− mice are ideal models for a human stem cell disorder (BWS) and HCC progression. (2) Inhibition of PRAJA in the developing Zebrafish embryo leads to high levels of apoptosis. (3) PRAJA is a key E3 Ligase that modulates β2SP and Smad3. (4) PRAJA levels markedly over- expressed in human HCC cell lines and tumor tissues and promotes HCC cell growth. (5) KEAP1 levels are raised in β2SP knockout tissues and human HCCs (6) Knocking-down KEAP1 inhibits HCC tumor cell growth. (7) Seven tumor suppressors are discovered to be potential targets of KEAP1 in HCC. (8) Triterpenoid derivates (Oleanolic Acid/RTA 402/RTA 405) inhibit KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway, as well as PRAJA and inhibit HCC tumor cell growth. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate that E3 Ligases KEAP1 and PRAJA are dramatically raised in human and mouse hepatocellular cancers when TGF-β signaling is inactivated, inhibiting KEAP1 or PRAJA reduces HCC growth. Determining the synergistic therapeutic effects by targeting both KEAP1 and PRAJA will provide us important insights into development of new therapeutic targets for HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3490. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3490
Tunicamycin Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand–Induced Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Takumi Shiraishi, Tatsushi Yoshida, Susumu Nakata, Mano Horinaka, Miki Wakada, Yoichi Mizutani, Tsuneharu Miki, Toshiyuki Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Death receptor 5 (DR5/TRAIL-R2) is an apoptosis-inducing membrane receptor for tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L). In this study, we showed that tunicamycin, a naturally occurring antibiotic, is a potent enhancer of TRAIL-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of DR5 expression. Tunicamycin significantly sensitized PC-3, androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The tunicamycin-mediated enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was markedly blocked by a recombinant human DR5/Fc chimeric protein. Tunicamycin and TRAIL cooperatively activated caspase-8, -10, -9, and -3 and Bid cleavage and this activation was also blocked in the presence of the DR5/Fc chimera. Tunicamycin up-regulated DR5 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the tunicamycin-mediated sensitization to TRAIL was efficiently reduced by DR5 small interfering RNA, suggesting that the sensitization was mediated through induction of DR5 expression. Tunicamycin increased DR5 promoter activity and this enhanced activity was diminished by mutation of a CHOP-binding site. In addition, suppression of CHOP expression by small interfering RNA reduced the tunicamycin-mediated induction of DR5. Of note, tunicamycin-mediated induction of CHOP and DR5 protein expression was not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, tunicamycin did not sensitize the cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, combined treatment with tunicamycin and TRAIL may be a promising candidate for prostate cancer therapy.
Death of a Dementia Patient
Authors: Philip W. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum21 July 2009Death of a Dementia PatientPhilip W. Smith, MDPhilip W. Smith, MDFrom the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5400.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-2-200906020-00006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This was your Spring of screams.I was fresh and surethat my prescribed capsuleswould placate thehowl and horror.I dared not meet your eyesfor fear I might seewhat you see.Cries of demons and hellfire.In another era youmight have beena prophet or a saint,or a martyr for the truth.Nothing soothed your anguishuntil one day our roundsreveal a costly peace:Repose in a body bag.A long journey fromthe hopeful screams of an infantends here.I go home to my familyand mechanically eat dinnerbut I cannot escapethe cold breathon my neck.Philip W. Smith, MDUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5400 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5400.Current Author Address: University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985400 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5400. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 July 2009Volume 151, Issue 2Page: 102KeywordsDementiaFearInfants ePublished: 21 July 2009 Issue Published: 21 July 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Designer Glycopeptides for Cytotoxic T Cell–based Elimination of Carcinomas
Authors: Yanfei Xu, Sandra J. Gendler, Alessandra Franco
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Tumors express embryonic carbohydrate antigens called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). TACA-containing glycopeptides are appealing cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-based vaccines to prevent or treat cancer because the same sugar moieties are expressed in a variety of tumors, rendering a vaccination strategy applicable in a large population. Here we demonstrate that by using glycopeptides with high affinity for the major histocompatibility complex and glycosylated in a position corresponding to a critical T cell receptor (TcR) contact, it is possible to induce anti-TACA CTL in vivo. In the current study we show that designer glycopeptides containing the Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (β-Gal-[1→3]-α-GalNAc-O-serine) are immunogenic in vivo and generate TF-specific CTL capable of recognizing a variety of tumor cells in vitro including a MUC1-expressing tumor. The fine specificity of the TF-specific CTL repertoire indicates that the TcR recognize the glycosylated amino acid residue together with TF in a conventional major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted fashion. These results have high potential for immunotherapy against a broad range of tumors.
Prospective randomised study of effect of octreotide on rebleeding from oesophageal varices after endoscopic ligation
Authors: J.J.Y. Sung, C.W. Lai, Y.T. Lee, V.K.S. Leung, M.K.K. Li, S.C.S. Chung, M.Y. Yung, J.Y.W. Lau, A.K.C. Li
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Acute Delta Hepatitis and Hepatitis B Antigen Carriage
Authors: Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos, Anastasia Roumeliotou-Karayannis, George J. Papaevangelou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986Acute Delta Hepatitis and Hepatitis B Antigen CarriageNICOLAOS C. TASSOPOULOS, M.D., ANASTASIA ROUMELIOTOU-KARAYANNIS, M.D., GEORGE J. PAPAEVANGELOU, M.D.NICOLAOS C. TASSOPOULOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANASTASIA ROUMELIOTOU-KARAYANNIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE J. PAPAEVANGELOU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-804_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the July issue, De Cock and colleagues (1) described the clinical course of acute delta hepatitis superimposed in 38 persons who were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), predominantly intravenous drug abusers and homosexual men. Permanent clearance of HBsAg within 3 months of the onset of acute hepatitis was seen in 4 patients. However, none of the patients achieved clearance of the delta hepatitis virus when the hepatitis B virus persisted after superinfection.We followed prospectively, for 6 to 49 months, 22 HBsAg carriers with acute delta superinfection who were admitted to the Athens Hospital...References1. DE COCKGOVINDARAJANCHINREDEKER KSKA. Delta hepatitis in the Los Angeles area: a report of 126 cases. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:108-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TASSOPOULOSPAPAEVANGELOUSJOGRENROUMELIOTOU-KARAYANNISGERINPURCELL NGMAJR. Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen positive hepatitis in Greek adults. Gastroenterology. 1986. (In press). Google Scholar3. SMEDILE A. Clinical significance of HDV RNA in HDV disease. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1986. (In press). Google Scholar4. RIZZETTOVERME MG. Delta hepatitis—present status. J Hepatol. 1985;1:187-93. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: NICOLAOS C. TASSOPOULOS, M.D.; ANASTASIA ROUMELIOTOU-KARAYANNIS, M.D.; GEORGE J. PAPAEVANGELOU, M.D.Affiliations: National Center of Viral Hepatitis Athens School of Hygiene Athens 115 21, Greece PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis Delta Virus: The Molecular Basis of Laboratory DiagnosisDelta hepatitis: molecular biology and clinical and epidemiological features 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 804-805KeywordsAddictsAntigensHepatitisHepatitis BHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B virusHepatitis DHomosexualsSuperinfections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport
Authors: R Bahr, T Krosshaug
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a growing cause of concern, as these injuries can have serious consequences for the athlete with a greatly increased risk of early osteoarthrosis. Using specific training programmes, it may be possible to reduce the incidence of knee and ankle injuries. However, it is not known which programme components are the key to preventing knee and ankle injuries or how the exercises work to reduce injury risk. Our ability to design specific prevention programmes, whether through training or other preventive measures, is currently limited by an incomplete understanding of the causes of injuries. A multifactorial approach should be used to account for all the factors involved-that is, the internal and external risk factors as well as the inciting event (the injury mechanism). Although such models have been presented previously, we emphasise the need to use a comprehensive model, which accounts for the events leading to the injury situation (playing situation, player and opponent behaviour), as well as to include a description of whole body and joint biomechanics at the time of injury.
The angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with a decreased response to angiotensin II in human arteries
Authors: P.P. van Gool, A.A. Voors, M. Oostorga, Y.M. Pinto, H. Buikoma, A. van Bulton, H.J.G.M. Crijins, J.H. Kingma, W.H. van Gilst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A10.1 Analysis of the Migratory Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: S Lefèvre, FMP Meier, A Günther, U Müller-Ladner, E Neumann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by fibroblast-mediated progressive skin fibrosis. Subsequent involvement of internal organs leads to severe impairments of their function and lung fibrosis represents the most common cause of death in SSc. Molecular mechanisms of the spreading of SSc are largely unknown. Recent results showed the migratory potential of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Based on these results, the aim of this study was the analysis of migratory and adhesive properties of SSc dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and their role in SSc-spreading with focus on organ involvement. <h3>Methods</h3> SScDFs (in part GFP-transfected) were injected intracutaneously into SCID mice. After 14–25 days, parts of the skin, internal organs and blood were analysed. Besides fluorescence analysis, immunohisto- and -cytochemistry was performed using species-specific antibodies to detect human cells. To avoid cross-reactivity of the antibodies, additional real time PCR analysis with primers for human β2-microglobulin was performed after RNA isolation out of the respective organs and subsequent reverse transcription. To analyse and to compare the adhesive behaviour of SScDFs with fibroblasts from other diseases and origins, multi-well culture plates were coated with Matrigel® (MG), growth factor-reduced (GFR) MG, or remained untreated. Cellular adhesion of SScDFs (n = 5), RASFs (n = 5), RADFs (n = 5), SFs (n = 2) and DFs of healthy individuals (n = 4) was analysed. <h3>Results</h3> SScDFs or human cDNA, respectively, were not detected in any internal organ by fluorescence analysis, immunohistochemistry or real time PCR. Human SScDFs and human cDNA were only detectable in the murine skin at the injection site. Fibroblasts of SSc patients, healthy SFs and DFs showed an increased adhesion to GFR MG compared to MG (SSc: GFR MG: 8.5 fold, MG: 8.2 fold; healthy SFs: GFR MG: 6.6 fold, MG: 4 fold; healthy DFs: GFR MG: 10 fold, MG: 7.6 fold). In contrast a reduction of cellular adhesion of RASFs (GFR MG: 4 fold, MG: 5.4 fold) and RADFs (GFR MG: 4.4 fold, MG: 4.8 fold) to GFR MG was observed compared to MG. <h3>Discussion</h3> According to present knowledge and in comparison to results obtained from RASFs, SScDFs do not show the ability to migrate from their application site to internal organs. Adhesive properties do not differ from healthy controls. Nevertheless, SScDFs are mediators of organ fibrosis, but it seems that there is no contribution of SScDFs to the spreading of the disease.
Metabolic and mechanical properties of aortas from aldosterone-salt hypertensive rats.
Authors: E G McMahon, R J Paul
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Aortas from aldosterone-salt treated hypertensive rats and vehicle-infused normotensive controls were compared with respect to mechanical properties, metabolism, and energy turnover. Passive wall stress at any given circumference was slightly higher in aortas from the hypertensive rats, whereas active isometric force normalized to cross-sectional area was similar in vessels from the two groups at their respective optimal circumference for active tension developments [hypertensive rats: (n = 14), 19.73 +/- 1.98; controls: (n = 13), 22.57 +/- 2.13 mN/mm2). Metabolic parameters were measured with the aortas held at optimal circumference for active tension development, the optimal length for tension development (n = 6), 5.67 +/- 0.17 and (n = 7), 5.29 +/- 0.18 mm for control and aldosterone-salt groups, respectively. Basal oxygen consumption rate was elevated significantly in aortas from the hypertensive rats [(n = 14), 0.457 +/- 0.026 vs. (n = 13), 0.267 +/- 0.028 mumol/min per g; P less than 0.001]. Under resting conditions, lactate production rate similar in aortas from the two groups [hypertensive rats: (n = 20), 0.129 +/- 0.010; controls: (n = 21), 0.112 +/- 0.008 mumol/min per g]. Upon activation with added KCl, the rate of oxygen consumption and lactate production increased with tension development in both groups, but the stimulated rate of oxygen consumption was higher in hypertensives compared to controls [(n = 14), 0.580 +/- 0.031 vs. (n = 13), 0.441 +/- 0.049 mumol/min per g; P less than 0.025]. The stimulated rates of lactate production were similar in the two groups [hypertensive rats: (n = 20), 0.172 +/- 0.009; controls: (n = 21), 0.118 +/- 0.009].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)