tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance as a Gatekeeper to Invasive Coronary Angiography in Patients Presenting With Heart Failure of Unknown Etiology”
Authors: Ravi G. Assomull, Ankur Gulati, Julian Strange, William M. Bradlow, Jonathan Lyne, Jennifer Keegan, Dudley J. Pennell, Sanjay K. Prasad, Carl Shakespeare, Paul R. Kalra, Guy Lloyd, Martin R. Cowie
Journal: Circulation (2012)

With Heart Failure of Unknown Etiology"We thank Dr Hamilton-Craig and colleagues for their insightful remarks regarding our work.We concur with their assertion that "the absence of late gadolinium enhancement does not necessarily obviate the need to image coronary arteries," because a small proportion (0%-7.1%) of patients will have global hibernation secondary to proximal severe coronary artery disease (CAD) without infarction. 1,2n their own study, revascularization in these patients resulted in improved outcome stemming from augmented ventricular function. 2or precisely this reason, our protocol used magnetic resonance coronary angiography to delineate proximal CAD, because this modality has been shown to have a 100% negative predictive value in excluding left main stem/proximal CAD. 3 Severe proximal 3-vessel CAD/left main stem disease would be the only patterns of CAD capable of producing widespread myocardial hibernation.Although computed tomography would be more than capable of identifying such patients, 4 there are still significant advantages of using magnetic resonance coronary angiography.Magnetic resonance coronary angiography does not result in radiation exposure, the patient is already in the scanner for the late gadolinium enhancement scan, and there is minimal incremental expense in adding magnetic resonance coronary angiography to the late gadolinium enhancement protocol.Moreover, cardiovascular magnetic resonance is superior to computed tomography for evaluation of the myocardial substrate, including midwall fibrosis, which predicts an adverse outcome. 5he dual-imaging protocol of computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance, as suggested by Dr Hamilton-Craig, mandates the need for computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a center and, therefore, adds a significant cost to the diagnostic pathway.We would contend that cardiovascular magnetic resonance as the sole imaging modality is more than capable of identifying all patients that would benefit from invasive coronary angiography.
Asymptomatic Microhematuria and Urologic Disease
Authors: John E. Heller
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Mohr et al<sup>1</sup>and admire their extensive review of patient records and the literature. Unfortunately, they do not present hard evidence to support their conclusion that complete urologic evaluation of all adult patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is not necessary. They claim "complete follow-up" for 677 of 781 cases of asymptomatic hematuria. The 55 autopsy cases certainly do represent complete follow-up. Among the 656 living patients, however, "complete follow-up" was simply defined as at least one physician contact three or more years after first finding microhematuria. The percent-age of patients undergoing urologic evaluation, such as excretory urography, cystoscopy, renal function studies, and urine cultures, is not given. The fact that one is alive and asymptomatic three years later does not mean one has no urologic disease. Even "moderately serious" and "serious" diseases (the authors' words), such as neoplasms, stones,
Ultrasound for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis: where to now?
Authors: B. L Davidson, E. J Deppert
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In this issue Cogo and others from Italy, Canada, and the Netherlands describe using two ultrasound examinations a week apart in 1702 outpatients with suspected deep vein thrombosis of the leg to determine whom to treat (p 17).1 Four hundred and twelve were diagnosed with thrombosis by this procedure; the rest were observed without treatment for six months. Nine of the untreated patients developed proof of thromboembolic disease during follow up: two had pulmonary embolism, fatal in one. Overall, fewer than 1% of patients presenting with possible deep vein thrombosis were missed with the authors' approach and only one (<0.1% of patients enrolled) paid with his life. Is the authors' protocol now ready for routine use? Is this the requiem for the venogram?

The protocol was straightforward. The authors used the least expensive type of ultrasound imaging: grey scale real time ultrasound. Doppler signals, manoeuvres to change venous flow, and colour were not used. While Doppler and colour technology are essential for measuring valvular regurgitation echocardiographically and …
Prednisone Withdrawal Followed by Recombinant Alpha Interferon in the Treatment of Chronic Type B Hepatitis
Authors: Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of a short course of prednisone followed by recombinant interferon treatment in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. Design: Randomized, controlled trial with a 5-month treatment phase and a 9-month observation period after treatment. Setting: Two referral-based university-affiliated medical centers. Patients: Thirty-nine clinically stable patients with chronic type B hepatitis, all of whom were positive for hepatitis B antigen, hepatitis B virus-associated-DNA (HBV-DNA), and DNA polymerase for at least 6 months before entry. Patients included 20 heterosexuals and 19 male homosexuals. Interventions: Eighteen patients were treated with a 6-week tapered regimen of prednisone, followed by 90 days treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2b; 21 patients were untreated controls. Paired liver biopsy specimens of 27 patients (pretreatment and 9 months after treatment) were blindly evaluated. Measurements and Main Results: Nine treated patients had a sustained loss of HBV-DNA. In addition, eight treated patients lost hepatitis B e antigen and four became negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). When compared with controls the differences were statistically significant for clearance of HBV-DNA and HBsAg (P = 0.035 and 0.037, respectively). Treated patients who had a sustained loss of HBV-DNA had higher initial alanine amino-transferase levels, lower initial DNA and DNA polymerase levels, and were more frequently heterosexual. Patients who responded to treatment with the disappearance of hepatitis B e antigen and HBV-DNA had normal liver function tests and markedly improved liver histology during follow-up. Conclusions: The immunologic priming provided by a short course of prednisone used with alpha interferon may be an effective treatment for selected patients with chronic type B hepatitis.
Constitutive Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Predisposes Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines to CD40-Mediated Cell Death
Authors: C. Annette Hollmann, Trevor Owens, Josephine Nalbantoglu, Thomas J. Hudson, Robert Sladek
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract CD40 promotes survival, proliferation, and differentiation of normal B cells but can cause activation-induced cell death in malignant B lymphocytes. CD40 ligand and anti-CD40 antibodies have been used successfully to induce apoptosis in lymphoma lines both in vitro and in xenograft tumor models. Although this makes CD40 an attractive target for antitumor therapies, the response of malignant B cells to CD40 signaling is variable, and CD40 stimulation can enhance proliferation and can increase chemoresistance in some cell lines. It would therefore be useful to identify markers that predict whether a specific cell line or tumor will undergo apoptosis when stimulated with CD40 and to identify targets downstream of CD40 that affect only the apoptotic arm of CD40 signaling. We have analyzed gene expression patterns in CD40-sensitive and CD40-resistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines to identify signaling pathways that are involved in CD40-mediated apoptosis. CD40-resistant lines expressed pre-B-cell markers, including RAG and VPREB, whereas CD40-sensitive cells resembled mature B cells and expressed higher levels of transcripts encoding several members of the CD40 signaling pathway, including LCK and VAV. In addition, CD40-sensitive DLBCL cell lines also displayed constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and failed to undergo apoptosis when ERK phosphorylation was inhibited. In contrast, CD40-resistant lines showed no constitutive activation of ERK and no increase in ERK activity in response to CD40 stimulation. Our results suggest that constitutive activation of ERK may be required for death signaling by CD40. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(77):3550-7)
SOME FACTORS IN THE REDUCTION OF ABSENTEEISM DUE TO CATARRHAL CONDITIONS
Authors: T. E. A. Stowell
Journal: BMJ (1931)

lower third of the ureters respectively.Further, secondary bacterial infection may complicate the picture at any time.For these reasons it cannot be too strongly empha- sized that, in Europeans at least, bilharzial infestation should be diagnosed as early as possible and thoroughly treated.It is equally important to remember that cystoscopy, the complement-fixation test, and the intra- dermal skin test for schistosomiasis, may reveal infesta- tion at a time when ova are not demonstrable in the urine or faeces.Since 1900 this patient had passed through the hands of a number of practitioners; it is particularly unfor- tunate that his condition remained undiagnosed until carcinoma had supervened, for at an earlier date the intra- venous administration of tartar emetic would have been curative.
Potential causes and health effects of rising global food prices
Authors: K. Lock, D. Stuckler, K. Charlesworth, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

High food prices affect not only our pockets but also our health.Karen Lock and colleagues examine the cause of recent increases and discuss what can be done to minimise harm Large increases in food prices have occurred at many times and in many places throughout history.The recent increases differ in their global reach and degree of volatility.Between January 2006 and July 2008 global food prices rose by an average of 75%, causing an estimated 75 million additional people to become undernourished worldwide.We evaluate how several factors have contributed to rising food prices and analyse the potential consequences of these rises for food security and public health.As food prices are predicted to remain high for several years, we discuss policy responses that could help secure an affordable, healthy global food supply. How much have food prices risen?Global food prices began to rise in 2003, but the rate of increase accelerated greatly in 2006, with prices reaching record highs in mid2008 (fig 1⇓).1 2 The 14% increase in 2006 in the commodity food price index, an index of major commodity prices weighted by market share, was dwarfed by the 27% increase in 2007.Although prices fell in the second half of 2008, in January 2009 the food price index was still 26% above what it had been three years previously.However, beneath these aggregate figures, price trends in important global staples differ widely.Though the price increase for palm oil over five years was only 4%, wheat rose by 48%, bananas by 64%, and rice by 189%.
Clinical nutrition in gastrointestinal disease
Authors: J. R F Walters
Journal: Gut (2007)

Edited by Alan L Buchman. SLACK Incorporated: New Jersey, 2006, $134.95 (hardback), pp 674. ISBN 1-55642-697-6

The involvement of the gastrointestinal system in ensuring adequate nutrition is fundamental, yet there have been remarkably few books aimed at providing education in clinical nutrition to gastroenterologists. Dr Buchman deserves congratulation for his vision in putting together this book, which provides a thorough reference in how gastrointestinal disease affects nutritional status, how nutritional status affects disease processes, and how the most appropriate nutritional interventions can lead to improved outcomes.

There are 53 well-chosen chapters, written by contributors who are …
Abstract 4578: Comparative subcellular proteomics study of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines differentially expressed alpha fetoprotein: Annexin A2 could serve as a potential histological and serological biomarker
Authors: Xiaohang Zhao, Yulin Sun, Jianqiang Cai, Yuanyuan Qiao, Lanping Zhou, Xinyu Bi, Fang Liu, Xiaofeng Bai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common tumor worldwide with an extremely poor prognosis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only available HCC serological biomarker and has limited effect at early stages. Previous work has proven that AFP-producing and -nonproducing HCC cells have different gene/protein expression profiles. To identify additional candidates that might aid in HCC diagnosis, in addition to giving a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis, subcellular fraction proteins from multiple liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B and SK-HEP-1) and normal cells (HL-7702) were separated and identified using a 2-DE/MALDI-TOF-TOF approach. In total, 50 differentially-expressed proteins between liver cancer and normal liver cells were identified from different fractions including the cytosol, membrane/organelles and nuclear proteins. Among them, the tumor-related protein Annexin A2, was verified to be significantly upregulated in HCC tissues (63.5%, 80/126) especially in AFP-normal cases based on large-scale clinical specimens. Serum levels of Annexin A2 measured by an established ELISA assay were found to be significantly elevated in HCC patients compared with healthy individuals. The serum concentration was also correlated with histological grade. Combined use of AFP and Annexin A2 could increase the diagnostic performance of HCC. These data suggest that Annexin A2 may serve as a novel serological/histological candidate involved in HCC, especially among individuals with normal levels of serum AFP. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4578.
Expression of tumour necrosis factor receptors by bronchoalveolar cells in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: B. Chen, Z. Tong, Q. Ye, S. Nakamura, U. Costabel, J. Guzman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) and the Fas receptor (FasR) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The current authors examined the expression of TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and FasR by bronchoalveolar cells in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Cell surface receptor expression on bronchoalveolar lavage cells was analysed by immunocytochemistry in 11 HP patients, 11 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and 10 controls. TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and FasR were expressed on a higher percentage of alveolar macrophages (AM) in HP compared with controls and IPF patients. TNFR-2 and FasR expression on lymphocytes was also higher in HP than in controls and in IPF. TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and FasR expression correlated positively with the percentage of lymphocytes, and negatively with the percentage of AM in HP. Expression of TNFR-1 on AM and TNFR-2 on lymphocytes correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in HP. In conclusion, this study shows evidence of altered expression of tumour necrosis factor superfamily receptors in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Interferon plus amantadine versus interferon alone in the treatment of naı̈ve patients with chronic hepatitis C: a UK multicentre study
Authors: Simona Caronia, Margaret F. Bassendine, Ralf Barry, Peter Mills, Nikolai V. Naoumov, Ray Fox, John Lowes, David Hollanders, Iain Murray-Lyon, William L. Irving, Robert D. Goldin, Graham R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Early treatment of cold sores with topical ME-609 decreases the frequency of ulcerative lesions: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, patient-initiated clinical trial
Authors: Christopher M. Hull, Johan Harmenberg, Eva Arlander, Fred Aoki, Johan Bring, Börje Darpö, Myron J. Levin, Stephen Tyring, Spotswood L. Spruance
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Febrile Response to Whirlpool Treatment
Authors: Agatha M. Thrash
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Two letters published on febrile response to whirlpool bath treatments (238:1912, 1977; 239:1133, 1978) failed to mention the usual and expected response of patients to hot baths.  Any person who is placed in a hot bath of 39 to 42 °C will manifest a febrile response corresponding to the temperature of the water and the length of time the person is kept in the bath. If an adult sits in a bathtub of hot water at about 42 °C, his oral temperature will usually rise in about 20 minutes to approximately 39 °C. A whirlpool bath can be used to administer fever treatments. I suspect this normal response to be the source of the febrile reactions Greenberg et al are reporting.
ETIOLOGY OF DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN.
Authors: MARTHA J. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The object of this paper is to bring before you the most frequent causes of diseases peculiar to woman, which come under one's daily observation, and which are to a great degree avoidable. I shall discuss the habits and influences which deteriorate her power of endurance and diminish her capacity for resisting disease. Observation proves that women not exposed to degenerating influences, can compete in strength and endurance with men of their race and in some savage nations they are regarded as superior to them. The truth of this statement is now being verified by the Cuban Amazons, who are taking a prominent part in the fights between the insurgents and the Spanish troops. These women, many of whom have husbands in the ranks of the Cuban army, have exhibited on frequent occasions, courage, endurance and fighting skill to a greater extent than many of the men. These women are
Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage in Pregnancy
Authors: J. K. Ogden
Journal: BMJ (1948)

CALCIFEROL IN TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS MEDBRITLSHOUNAL 389 which time the blisters varied in size and number, although the patient felt well all the time.Then thirst developed and a rest of two weeks was given, during which time the blisters got worse.Calciferol was resumed, one tablet twice daily for three months with a month's rest between courses.Her present condition is good, with few blisters, and she feels much better. (b) Lymphocytoma :-This occurred in a woman aged 55.Biopsy showed dense aggregations of lymphocytes with very little fibrosis ; there was a history of its having been present for one year.The Wassermann reaction was negative.This lesion improved under x-ray treatment, but when a fresh lesion appeared calciferol was tried-ostelin one tablet twice daily.With x-ray treatment the previous lesion was considered healed after six courses over two years.The fresh lesion was healed clinically with calciferol in four months.A further biopsy now showed a reversal of the histological picture, with dense fibrosis, dilated capillaries, and small discrete foci of lymphocytes." Apparently a remnant of a pre-existing lymphocytoma " (Dr.Muende, St. John's Hospital, Leicester Square).(c) Granuloma 'Annuilare :-One case, that of a woman aged 33.Calciferol had no effect on this lesion in any dosage orally or by local inunction.3. A case of multiple myelomatosis improved while on calciferol. SummaryTwelve cases of cutaneous tuberculosis are presented and the results discussed.Four methods of administration are outlined and some toxic symptoms described.The effects of calciferol on blood chemistry were found to be as follows :-(a) a rise in the serum calcium usually occurs after prolonged administration: (b) an almost constant fall in the serum alkaline phosphatase generally occurs soon after the calciferol is given; and (c) the usually slightly raised serum cholesterol tends to increase before returning to normal.The effect of calciferol appears to be that of increasing the body's resistance, and it does not seem to have any direct toxic effect on the tubercle bacillus.Brief notes are given on some other diseases treated with calciferol.We wish to thank members of the honorary medical staff, especially Dr. H. A. Dunlop, for valuable suggestions and advice and for per- mission to investigate the effect of calciferol on some of their patients; and Mr. Whittet, late chief pharmacist at Charing
Pathology of Bone
Authors: P. D Byers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

This pleasant, friendly, well written book gives very adequate coverage of most aspects of the pathology of bone.The selection of topics and detail has been effectively calculated to render the book useful in diagnostic work, and as a book to study.The balance favours the latter in that the author provides the groundwork that enables a diagnosis to be arrived at rather than patterns for matching.This form of approach works particularly well in bone, especially in metabolic disorders, where lies the centre of gravity of this book.Bone responds to many stimuli, local and general; to understand this thoroughly is to grasp the essentials of bone pathology.The pathological processes, as known from general pathology, all occur in bones, modified by their architecture, the tissue structure, and the bone cell responses under the control of local and general mechanisms.I'he various pathological processes are treated in turn, building up a picture of the subject.The section devoted to congenital and developmental disorders, a large topic not possible to deal with comprehensively in a book of this order, is well treated and referenced.The most lightly treated subject is neoplasia, a topic fully covered by several authoritative texts.Here the first steps in sorting tissue patterns are set out.This book has a commodious page size, a slim profile, a firm binding, and a pleasant handle.The illustrations are large and clear and make their point.There is a strikingly large number of references, of great value to further reading; and there is a very adequate index.