tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P183 An off-line end-tidal breath sampling method in anaesthetised patients with analysis by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: SC Sturney, MK Storer, GM Shaw, RR Kennedy, DE Shaw, MJ Epton
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Monitoring of breath volatiles could provide non-invasive rapid assessment of metabolic stress, inflammation and intravenous anaesthetic drug concentrations in anaesthetised patients. This study was designed to validate an off-line single breath end-tidal sampling method with analysis by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Exhaled acetone was used as a model compound due to its abundance in breath and ease of measurement. <h3>Methods</h3> End-expiratory breath samples from 22 healthy, non-diabetic, elective and semi-elective surgical patients were collected into Tedlar<sup>®</sup> bags via a T-piece adjacent to the endotracheal tube. The effects of different breathing systems, the breathing circuit filter, and consequences of altering the inspiratory gas flow rate and adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve on exhaled acetone concentrations were explored in subgroups of these patients. <h3>Results</h3> Median exhaled acetone concentration was 738 ppb (range 257–6594 ppb) for samples collected on the patient side of the circuit filter with the APL valve open (usual position) (n = 22). Median intra-subject coefficient of variation for exhaled acetone concentration using this method was 8.3% (interquartile range 6.9–14.5%). Higher inspiratory but not exhaled acetone concentrations were seen when using the ADU Carestation compared to the Aysis Carestation anaesthesia machines (median inspiratory concentration 276 ppb v 131 ppb, p = 0.0005; median exhaled concentration 630 ppb v 513 ppb, p = 0.95). Altering the inspiratory gas flow rate did not significantly affect exhaled acetone concentration; however APL valve closure resulted in a reduction in exhaled acetone concentration. Higher concentrations of acetone were measured in breath samples collected from the patient side of the circuit filter, since collection of samples after the filter resulted in dilution by deadspace air. Breath acetone concentration was related to plasma acetone (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.80, p &lt; 0.0001) and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.49, p = 0.029). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This non-invasive method of end-tidal breath collection in anaesthetised patients is reproducible for the analysis of acetone and is suitable for repeated sampling. With appropriate validation, the same method could be applied to the collection of other volatiles in the breath of intubated and ventilated patients, making it possible to investigate the concentrations of other potential biomarkers in this patient group.
Opinions Desired on the Treatment of Puerperal Infection
Authors: Barton Cooke Hirst
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor  —At the session of the American Medical Association at Atlantic City a committee was appointed to collect the opinions of representative obstetricians, gynecologists and general practitioners on this question: Should the puerperal uterus be emptied of ovular remnants in the presence of infection, and if so, when? The object of the committee is to obtain information which will enable it to formulate rules for the treatment of septic abortion and post-partum infection with retained placental fragments.  The chairman will, on request, send a printed blank to any general practitioner in order to receive his opinion on eight questions. The committee is most interested, however, in the first three questions, which are as follows:   A primipara with septic abortion, at three months, fever two days, the hemorrhage negligible, the ovum intact: What would you do?  A primipara with septic abortion, at three months, fever two days, hemorrhage negligible, the
Efficacy and safety of continuous infusion of Mononine® during five surgical procedures in three hemophilic patients
Authors: Christophe Ménart, Pierre Yves Petit, Olivier Attali, Denis Massignon, Marc Dechavanne, Claude Négrier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We report here five surgeries successfully performed with a continuous infusion of Mononine® (Armour Pharmaceutical Company, Kankakee, IL) in three hemophilic B patients. Before surgery the patients received a bolus dose of 40 to 100 U/kg according to the type of surgery. This injection was followed by a continuous infusion of Mononine®, with an infusion rate of 3.5–7 U/kg/hr in order to maintain a factor IX level between 50 and 100% during the whole surgery and the following 6 days. The infusion rate was further adjusted according to the type of surgery until hospital discharge. This method appears to be safe and efficient, since no abnormal bleeding occurred during surgery and none of the patients presented any thrombotic complication. However, this alternative to intermittent administration of factor IX should be standardized and precisely evaluated, regarding the level and the amount of factor IX required, and the cost of the infused material. In our hands, this cost was decreased by 30–40% compared to previous therapeutic schedules at our institution. Am. J. Hematol. 58:110–116, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Should UK allergy services focus on primary care?
Authors: Mark L Levy, Aziz Sheikh, Samantha Walker, Angie Woods
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The time is ripe to rise to this challenge 

T he marked increase in the prevalence of allergic disease over the past few decades has left the NHS ill prepared. In response to the Health Select Committee's damning report in 2004 on allergy services,1 the Department of Health and the Scottish Executive are currently reviewing all aspects of provision of allergy care. Their separate reports will be published shortly. A key question is whether it would be more effective for the NHS to emulate the model used in other parts of Europe and North America and invest in expanding specialist services for allergy or—more controversially—to concentrate efforts on developing primary care services. This choice will have substantial and lasting implications for people with allergies in the United Kingdom and will probably affect the thinking of policy makers in other parts of the world who are grappling with similar rapid increases in the prevalence of allergic disease.

Around one in three of the UK population have allergic symptoms at some point in their lives.2 Localised …
Periodic X-ray Film Examinations of the Chest
Authors: Irwin L. Stoloff
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Dr. L. Sagan's letter (220:278, 1972), condemning mobile x-ray units as a device for detection of chest disease, quoted data from Santa Clara County and Denver, and cited opinions supporting the abolition of community-based mobile chest x-ray units.1,2Nelson1and Sagan both make sweeping condemnation ofallchest x-ray surveillance systems, not just mobile photofluorographic units. In addition, they are opposed to the periodic examination of the chest of specific groups, such as food handlers and employees of the Board of Education.  We agree that chest x-ray surveys, such as those conducted by the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association in prior years, making x-ray films available to all who are interested, is not justified now because of the low yield in relation to the degree of exposure and the expense of examining unselected persons. This is particularly true if those conducting the x-ray film
Experimental Approaches to the Molecular Basis of Sex Hormone Action.
Authors: H. G. Williams-Ashman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Experimental Approaches to the Molecular Basis of Sex Hormone Action.H. G. Williams-Ashman, Ph.D.H. G. Williams-Ashman, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1076_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBy now an immense amount is known concerning the relationship of the chemical structure of androgens, estrogens, and gestagens to the responses they elicit in various bio-assay systems. And it appears that the major metabolic transformations undergone by sex hormones in the living organism have been mapped. But it still is not possible to provide a comprehensive explanation in molecular terms for the major biological actions of any single mammalian sex hormone. A brief account will be given of three recent types of experimental approach to this problem: (1) Studies on the ability of sex hormones to mediate the transfer... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1076-1076KeywordsAndrogensEstrogensSex hormones Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Visual Impairment and Retinopathy in People With Normal Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed NIDDM
Authors: Ronald Klein, Elizabeth L Barrett-Connor, Barbara A Blunt, Deborah L Wingard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective Prevalence rates of visual impairment and retinopathy were compared in 1992 people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Research Design and Methods Glucose tolerance status was based on an oral glucose tolerance test after exclusion of those with a history of diabetes and/or diabetes medication use in an upper middle-class community of older white adults in southern California between 1984 and 1987. Results Although many sex-specific comparisons were made between glucose tolerance groups, only a few emerged as statistically significant. Among those, women with IGT had significantly higher age-adjusted rates of visual impairment (10.8%) than women with normal glucose tolerance (4.4%). Among men, those with IGT had significantly higher age-adjusted rates of visual impairment (7.9%) than men with newly diagnosed NIDDM (4.0%). Conclusions Low frequencies of retinopathy were found in all three glucose tolerance groups.
Sclerosis of the Chordae Tendineae of the Mitral Valve
Authors: LEON SOKOLOFF, SAMUEL K. ELSTER, NORMAN RIGHTHAND
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Thickening and sclerosis of the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve are seen fairly frequently in hearts that are not ordinarily considered to be rheumatic. In this report a systematic study of these lesions is presented. Factors involved in their pathogenesis and their significance in the development of the chronic rheumatic deformity are discussed.
Modified osmotic fragility test for the laboratory diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Luba Judkiewicz, Grzegorz Bartosz, Anna Oplatowska, Andrzej Szczepanek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A modified osmotic fragility test, based on measurement of hemolysis in four hypotonic NaCl solutions and logarithmic linearization of osmotic fragility curve is, like the “Pink test,” a specific and sensitive test for the laboratory diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis.
Physician-Nurse Relationships-Reply
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am delighted to learn of the Joint Practice Committee in Connecticut. In the past few weeks I have also heard about similar committees in Kentucky and Indiana. Many nurses have written from other states expressing the wish for such committees, and it would seem that this is one idea whose time has undoubtedly arrived. My congratulations to the forward-looking folk in Connecticut and all the other places where physicians and nurses sit down together and discuss mutual concerns.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during gestation is associated with decreased interferon γ production at birth
Authors: K.J. Woodcroft, M.M. Maliarik, M.J. McCabe, E.L. Peterson, G. Wegienka, D. Smolarek, L.K. Williams, C.L.M. Joseph, D.R. Ownby, E.M. Zoratti, C.C. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Burkitt's Tumor as a Stalking Horse for Leukemia
Authors: Joseph H. Burchenal
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The<i>Oxford Universal Dictionary</i>defines a stalking horse as "a horse trained to allow a fowler to conceal himself behind it or under its coverings in order to get within easy range of the game without alarming it." Thus the title and its definition are meant to suggest that a careful study of Burkitt's tumor may provide a useful approach to the eventual control of acute leukemia. The original interest of our group in Burkitt's tumor<sup>1</sup>began with the assumption that 5-fluorodeoxyuridine might be of benefit in the treatment of cancer of the liver, which is so prevalent in some parts of Africa. It was at that time that Wood told us of the work Clifford was doing on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Nairobi and suggested that Kenya might also be an excellent place to start our work on the treatment of liver cancer. From our original exploratory trip in
Influence of human insulin on symptoms and awareness of hypoglycaemia: a randomised double blind crossover trial.
Authors: M Egger, G D Smith, A U Teuscher, A Teuscher
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the apparent increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia associated with use of human insulin by comparing the pattern of symptoms of hypoglycaemia with human insulin and porcine insulin. DESIGN--Randomised controlled double blind crossover trial of treatment with human insulin and porcine insulin, with two treatment periods of six weeks. SETTING--Diabetes outpatient department of a university teaching hospital in Berne, Switzerland. PATIENTS--44 patients (25 men, 19 women) aged 14 to 60 years, with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients met the following criteria: receiving treatment with fast acting soluble insulin and long acting protamine insulin; performing multiple daily fingerstick blood glucose self measurements; and had stable glycaemic control with about one mild hypoglycaemic episode a week during the preceding two months. INTERVENTION--Patients were randomised to receive either human or porcine insulin for six weeks and were then changed over to the other type of insulin for a further six weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Questionnaire recording "autonomic" and "neuroglycopenic" symptoms that occurred during hypoglycaemic episodes confirmed by a blood glucose concentration less than or equal to 2.8 mmol/l. RESULTS--Insulin doses and blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c, and fructosamine concentrations were similar during the two treatment periods. 493 questionnaires on hypoglycaemia (234 during treatment with human insulin and 259 during treatment with porcine insulin) were analysed. With human insulin patients were more likely to report lack of concentration (52% v 35%, p = 0.0003) and restlessness (53% v 45%, p = 0.004) and less likely to report hunger (33% v 42%, p = 0.016) than during treatment with porcine insulin. The difference in the pattern of symptoms during the two treatments was similar to that between the 12 patients with a history of recurrent hypoglycaemic coma and the 32 patients without such a history. CONCLUSIONS--The pattern of symptoms associated with human insulin could impair patients9 ability to take appropriate steps to avoid severe hypoglycaemia. Caution should be exercised when transferring patients from animal insulin to human insulin, and a large scale randomised trial of the two types of insulin may be justified.
Prospective multicenter trial of capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea and other signs and symptoms (CEDAP-Plus Study)
Authors: A. May, H. Manner, M. Schneider, A. Ipsen, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. May et al., pp. 606Endoscopy 2007; 39(07): 757-758DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306952
408. Safety of Lysosomal Enzymes Over-Expression in HSC for Gene Therapy of Storage Disorders
Authors: Alessandra Biffi, Ilaria Visigalli, Martina Cesani, Alessia Capotondo, Francesca R. Santoni de Sio, Isabella Pallavicini, Anna Zingale, Luigi Naldini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In the past years we worked extensively on the development of HSC gene therapy for two fatal demyelinating lysosomal storage disorders, Metachromatic (MLD) and Globoid Cell (GLD) leukodystrophies. We recently demonstrated that transplantation of lentiviral vector-transduced Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) prevented and corrected functional and pathological manifestations of MLD in the mouse model (Biffi A. et al., JCI 2004; Biffi A. et al, submitted for publication). Moreover, we proved the critical role of Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) over-expression to attain therapeutic efficacy. Similarly, promising preliminary results were obtained in the murine model of GLD. ARSA and galactocerebrosidase (GALC), the defective enzymes in MLD and GLD, respectively, catalyze two consecutive steps of sulfatide metabolism, leading to ceramide production. Both enzymes are poorly expressed in most tissues. In the perspective of future clinical applications of the HSC gene therapy, we assessed the safety of ARSA and GALC over-expression. We challenged murine and human HSC with LV encoding ARSA or GALC and tested their long-term repopulating potential and differentiation. Both human and murine HSC after gene transfer over-expressed ARSA up to 10-15 fold above normal levels and retained their capability to proliferate and differentiate in vitro, as assessed by CFC and LT-CIC assays. Murine cells efficiently repopulated transplanted hosts long-term. Interestingly, when transplanted in xenograft models (NOD-SCID and γchain-/-RAG-/- mice), human CD34+ HSC over-expressing ARSA repopulated long-term chimeric mice, both primary and secondary recipients, in which transduced cells were detected up to 20 weeks after the transplant, and showed a normal differentiation in B, T cells and monocytes. On the contrary, when GALC over-expressing murine HSC were transplanted into both wild type and homozygous defective irradiated mice, they failed to rescue transplanted animals from lethal conditioning. Transduced cells demonstrated a significantly reduced capability to proliferate and differentiate in vitro, as assessed by CFC assay, and underwent apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL and activated caspase III stainings. Interestingly, these findings were completely reverted upon treatment of transduced cells with anti-apoptotic molecules, such as IGF1. Preliminary quantification of ceramide in both ARSA and GALC transduced HSC demonstrated an increase only upon GALC over-expression, indicating the critical role of this enzyme in controlling ceramide production and intracellular homeostasis. Overall, these data underline the safety of ARSA over-expression for future clinical testing and the requirement of regulated GALC expression for efficacious and safe HSC gene therapy, thus indicating a dramatic difference in the safety profile of these lysosomal enzymes.
Abstract 91: Advanced computational algorithms for deep interrogation of microbial communities using pyrosequencing
Authors: Yijun Sun, Yunpeng Cai, Steven Goodison
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The microbial community within the human gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the balance of health and disease in the individual host. The advent of molecular techniques now facilitates the deep interrogation of the components of the gut microbiota, but the immense amount of data obtained requires the parallel development of advanced computational algorithms in order to maximize information extraction. In this study, we applied a novel computational strategy to analyze a microbial 16S rRNA sequence dataset consisting of more than one million sequences obtained from the fecal material of 154 individuals of known weight status. A large-scale taxonomy independent analysis revealed that collectively the human gut harbors more than 150,000 microbial species, at least one order magnitude larger than previously estimated. Furthermore, discriminant and topology analyses showed that despite the fact that each individual has diverse gut microbial compositions, there exist distinct microbial signatures associated with obese and lean physiological states. The analytic methods we developed for this study have never been used before in the interrogation of microbial communities. The combination of deep sequencing techniques with the computational approach described here will facilitate our understanding of the role the gut microbiota plays in health and disease and may lead to novel interventional strategies to prevent or ameliorate diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 91.
Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk
Authors: D Timothy Bishop, Florence Demenais, Mark M Iles, Mark Harland, John C Taylor, Eve Corda, Juliette Randerson-Moor, Joanne F Aitken, Marie-Francoise Avril, Esther Azizi, Bert Bakker, Giovanna Bianchi-Scarrà, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets, Donato Calista, Lisa A Cannon-Albright, Thomas Chin-A-Woeng, Tadeusz Dębniak, Gilli Galore-Haskel, Paola Ghiorzo, Ivo Gut, Johan Hansson, Marko Hočevar, Veronica Höiom, John L Hopper, Christian Ingvar, Peter A Kanetsky, Richard F Kefford, Maria Teresa Landi, Julie Lang, Jan Lubiński, Rona Mackie, Josep Malvehy, Graham J Mann, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Frans A van Nieuwpoort, Srdjan Novakovic, Håkan Olsson, Susana Puig, Marjan Weiss, Wilbert van Workum, Diana Zelenika, Kevin M Brown, Alisa M Goldstein, Elizabeth M Gillanders, Anne Boland, Pilar Galan, David E Elder, Nelleke A Gruis, Nicholas K Hayward, G Mark Lathrop, Jennifer H Barrett, Julia A Newton Bishop
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
The Lipid Kinase PIP5K1C Regulates Pain Signaling and Sensitization
Authors: Brittany D. Wright, Lipin Loo, Sarah E. Street, Anqi Ma, Bonnie Taylor-Blake, Michael A. Stashko, Jian Jin, William P. Janzen, Stephen V. Frye, Mark J. Zylka
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Hepatitis B virus X protein affects S phase progression leading to chromosome segregation defects by binding to damaged DNA binding protein 1
Authors: Silvia Martin-Lluesma, Céline Schaeffer, Eva Isabelle Robert, Pieter Cornelis van Breugel, Olivier Leupin, Olivier Hantz, Michel Strubin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role in the transformation process remains unclear. HBV encodes a small protein, known as HBx, which is required for infection and has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Here we show that HBx induces lagging chromosomes during mitosis, which in turn leads to formation of aberrant mitotic spindles and multinucleated cells. These effects require the binding of HBx to UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), a protein involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, and are unexpectedly attributable to HBx interfering with S-phase progression and not directly with mitotic events. HBx also affects S-phase and induces lagging chromosomes when expressed from its natural viral context and, consequently, exhibits deleterious activities in dividing, but not quiescent, hepatoma cells. Conclusion: In addition to its reported role in promoting HBV replication, the binding of HBx to DDB1 may induce genetic instability in regenerating hepatocytes and thereby contribute to HCC development, thus making this HBV–host protein interaction an attractive target for new therapeutic intervention. (Hepatology 2008.)