tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1706: Microarray analysis of gene expression reveals that several mTOR related genes are upregulated in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Fatma Valiyeva, Erick Suarez, Ashla Gaibi, Julio Lopez, Moises Sebastian, Josean Flores, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The mTOR pathway plays a central role in regulating protein synthesis, ribosomal protein translation, and cap-dependent translation. Recently, also mTOR signaling has been implicated not only in tumor development, but also in drug resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mTOR pathway has emerged as an important cancer therapeutic target, principally with rapamycin and its derivatives. However the use of these mTOR inhibitors has been hampered because many cancer cells are resistant to these compounds. Cisplatin has been the most active drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer for almost 40 years. Although the majority of patients with ovarian cancer respond to front-line platinum combination chemotherapy the majority will develop disease that becomes resistant to cisplatin. The exact mechanism of cisplatin resistance is presently unknown. We performed growth inhibition experiments and found that the A2780CP20 human ovarian cancer cell line, which is resistant to cisplatin was also resistant to rapamycin and its analogs. Opposite, the cisplatin-sensitive counterpart, A2780PAR cell line was very sensitive to these compounds. Short-term treatment (4-hr) of A2780PAR cells with temsirolimus also induced long-term growth inhibitory effects as observed with a colony formation assay. Microarray analysis of gene expression showed that several survival related genes are up-regulated in A2780CP20 compared with the A2780PAR ovarian cancer cells. Current studies with small interference RNA (siRNA) will determine whether silencing of some candidate genes will sensitize cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells to rapamycin treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1706. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1706
Mechanics of Sphincter Action. STUDIES ON THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
Authors: Piero Biancani, Raj K. Goyal, Aris Phillips, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical factors involved in the genesis of lower esophageal sphincter pressure. We determined the relationship between intraluminal pressure and inside diameter, estimated the ratio between the wall thickness to inside radius, and calculated the tension in the wall of the lower esophageal sphincter as a function of the inside diameter. Various degrees of circumferential stretch were applied by introducing probes of different diameters in the rat lower esophageal sphincter in vivo. The intraluminal pressure produced by the lower esophageal sphincter around each probe was measured and pressure-diameter curves were constructed during (a) resting state, (b) contraction produced by electrical stimulation, and (c) relaxation produced by esophageal distension. The intraluminal pressure at an inside diameter of 0.5 mm was similar to that at inside diameter of 3.2 mm. This was true for the sphincter at rest as well as upon electrical stimulation. The pressure diameter curve, however, was sigmoid in shape; at first it showed a decline and then an increase followed by decline in pressure again with increasing diameters. The ratio of wall thickness to inside radius or the magnification factor varied with inside diameters as expected and this ratio increased steeply at small inside diameters. The tension diameter curves of the sphincter muscle showed that optimal tension development occurred not near sphincter closure but at a much wider diameter of 3.2 mm and that this muscle developed tension even at small luminal diameters. This behavior of the sphincter muscle ensures effective intraluminal pressure over a wide range of luminal diameters.
The Effects of Administration of ACTH and Adrenal Corticosteroids on Erythrophagocytosis (EP).
Authors: Robert M. Greendyke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Effects of Administration of ACTH and Adrenal Corticosteroids on Erythrophagocytosis (EP).Robert M. Greendyke, M.D., Edwin M. Bradley, M.D., Scott N. Swisher Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert M. Greendyke, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edwin M. Bradley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Scott N. Swisher Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1083_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExperiments were conducted to assess the effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and certain adrenal corticosteroids on the in vitro phagocytic capability of human peripheral blood leukocytes for opsonized erythrocytes. In vitro addition of glucocorticoids required grossly unphysiological amounts of these compounds to effect inhibtion, and desoxycorticosterone acetate exerted no effect in any concentration studied. Intravenously administered cortisol and orally administered prednisone caused significant sequential decrease in erythrophagocytic capacity of leukocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency. Intravenously administered ACTH showed a similar effect in normal patients but gave no effect in patients with chronic adrenal cortical... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1083-1084KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAttentionBloodCortisol Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
High-throughput epitope discovery reveals frequent recognition of neo-antigens by CD4+ T cells in human melanoma
Authors: Carsten Linnemann, Marit M van Buuren, Laura Bies, Els M E Verdegaal, Remko Schotte, Jorg J A Calis, Sam Behjati, Arno Velds, Henk Hilkmann, Dris el Atmioui, Marten Visser, Michael R Stratton, John B A G Haanen, Hergen Spits, Sjoerd H van der Burg, Ton N M Schumacher
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
1025 THE GENETIC BARRIER MODULATES THE IMMUNE ESCAPE POTENTIAL OF HBV GENOTYPES
Authors: V. Svicher, V. Cento, R. Salpini, F. Merucurio, Y. Han, C. Gori, L. Wittkop, M. Fraune, A. Bertoli, V. Micheli, G. Gubertini, R. Longo, S. Romano, M. Visca, V. Gallinaro, N. Marino, F. Mazzotta, G.M. De Sanctis, J. Verheyen, P. Trimoulet, M. Angelico, X.X. Zhang, F. Ceccherini-Silberstein, C.F. Perno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Eating in, eating out
Authors: V. K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

For a Kafkaesque tale of murder and mayhem, of matricide and insecticide, of pathogenesis and mutualism, and yes, of friendship and cooperation, we now turn our attention to Photorhabdus luminescens. But, be warned: this is not a tale for the weak-hearted! P. luminescens, a close relative of the Yersiniae, are gram-negative bacteria that reside peacefully within the gut of the nematode, Heterorhabditis spp1. The free-living form of this nematode is found in the soil as a non-feeding and long-lived 'infective juvenile' (IJ). The IJ actively seeks out any of a number of insect larvae within which it will complete the rest of its life cycle. Once a victim is found, the nematode penetrates into the blood stream of the unfortunate larva and regurgitates its bacterial partner. L-proline, the most abundant amino acid in insect blood, signals the bacteria to turn on an array of virulence genes, and also serves as its preferred energy source2. These genes are involved in adherence, colonization and subversion of the insect innate immune system. P. luminescens alsoencodes the greatest number of putative toxins compared to any other sequenced bacterial genome.
Long-Term Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Survivors of Prehospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Robert J. Myerburg, Franklin W. Briese, Cesar Conde, Stephen M. Mallon, Richard R. Liberthson, Agustin Castellanos
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Ambulatory rhythm monitoring and chronic arrhythmia management were studied in 16 patients resuscitated from prehospital cardiac arrest. Asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias (ACVA) occurred in 12 patients (75%) entering long-term follow-up during the first 12 months (average follow-up, 13.25 months). The patients' therapy consisted of a dose-adjusted, membrane-active antiarrhythmic drug regimen monitored by blood levels. While there has been little change in the frequency of ACVAs despite carefully controlled antiarrhythmic management, only one death has occurred during 212 patient-months of postarrest follow-up, a 6% one-year mortality. This compares favorably to our previous experience in survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest not receiving a controlled antiarrhythmic program. Despite the failure to suppress ACVAs, the drug-monitored population is showing a trend toward a decreased frequency of recurrent cardiac arrest.
Do surgeons wish to become doctors?
Authors: N Ibery
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

ObjectivesTo gauge opinion among otolaryngologists about their wish to retain the title Mr, Miss, Ms or Mrs or to adopt the title of doctor. DesignAn e-mail questionnaire sent to all members of ENT-UK (The British Association of Otolaryngologists–-Head and Neck Surgeons), who had registered an e-mail address with the ENT-UK secretariat. Participants723 recipients of e-mails, who were members or fellows of a surgical Royal College and, by convention in the UK, entitled to adopt the title Mr, Miss, Ms or Mrs. Results304 recipients of the e-mail questionnaire responded. 39% were not aware of any proposals to change the convention, addressing surgeons as ‘doctor’ in the future. Overall, 61.8% were in favour of retaining the current convention and retaining the title Mr or a female equivalent. Applying the null hypothesis that most surgeons would not like to change a title, the χ2 test produced a highly significant P value of 0.0002. Of female respondents, however, only 43% supported retention of the current convention. Using Fisher's exact test to compare female and male respondents, the two-sided P value was highly significant at 0.006, with female respondents favouring the title of doctor. ConclusionsA large proportion of ENT surgeons in the UK responded to the questionnaire. They were unaware of proposals to change the current convention of address for surgeons. A significant number of those responding were in favour of retaining the current convention. The small proportion of female respondents indicated a preference for being addressed as ‘doctor’.
A Multinational Study to Establish the Value of Early Adenosine Technetium-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Identifying a Low-Risk Group for Early Hospital Discharge After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John J. Mahmarian, Leslee J. Shaw, Neil G. Filipchuk, Habib A. Dakik, Sherif S. Iskander, Terrence D. Ruddy, Milena J. Henzlova, Felix Keng, Adel Allam, Lemuel A. Moyé, Craig M. Pratt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Role of Hemostatic Factors on the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in People With Impaired Kidney Function
Authors: Gürbey Ocak, Carla Y. Vossen, Willem M. Lijfering, Marion Verduijn, Friedo W. Dekker, Frits R. Rosendaal, Suzanne C. Cannegieter
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Factors explaining the association between impaired kidney function and venous thrombosis have not been identified so far. The aim of our study was to determine whether the association between impaired kidney function and venous thrombosis can be explained by the concurrent presence of genetic or acquired venous thrombosis risk factors. Methods and Results— The glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) in 2473 venous thrombosis patients and 2936 controls from a population-based case–control study. Kidney function was grouped into 6 categories based on percentiles of the eGFR in the controls (&gt;50th [reference], 10th–50th, 5th–10th, 2.5th–5th, 1st–2.5th, and &lt;1st percentile). Several hemostatic factors showed a procoagulant shift with decreasing kidney function in controls, most notably factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. Compared with eGFR &gt;50th percentile, factor VIII levels (adjusted mean difference, 60 IU/dL for the &lt;1st eGFR percentile category) and von Willebrand factor levels (adjusted mean difference, 60 IU/dL for the &lt;1st eGFR percentile category) increased with each percentile category. The odds ratios for venous thrombosis similarly increased across the categories from 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.3) for the 10th to 50th percentile to 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.4–5.7) for the &lt;1st percentile category. Adjustment for factor VIII or von Willebrand factor attenuated these odds ratios, indicating an effect of eGFR on thrombosis through these factors. Adjustments for other risk factors for venous thrombosis did not affect the odds ratios. Conclusion— Impaired kidney function affects venous thrombosis risk via concurrently raised factor VIII and von Willebrand factor levels.
Clinical Lecture on Sacro-Iliac Disease
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1876)

THE disease of which I am about to speak to-day, gentlemen, is one which, perhaps, is not very common; but in fact it is only of late years that it has been recognised.It may be of some interest in the history of the disease for you to know that the first systematic description of it was given in this hospital by Mlr.Erichsen, in a clinical lecture, which was published in the Lancet, in January 1859.Since that time, of course, the attention of surgeons has been drawn to the disease; and, therefore, you will find that, in most of the modern writers, mention is made of it.I have had a few cases of sacro-iliac disease in the hospital lately.The first case was in a man who was in the hospital last year.He was admiiitted in Mlay into the medical wards, under the care of Dr.Reynolds, for sciatica; but, an abscess developing about the pelvis, I was asked to see him some weeks afterwards; and I then diagnosed that he was suffering from sacro-iliac disease, so that my notes begin from that date, and I will give you a brief sketch of the history of the case from the notes of the ward-clerk.The patient had been a soldier, and had been to India, where he had had dysentery, dengue fever, ague, etc.While in India, he also had an abscess in the perinteum.P,-cscuizt Illitess.-About the end of January or the beginning of Feb- ruary (the patient does not recollect the exact date), he was going up stairs to bed, after having been out for a short walk, and was seized with a sudden and sharp pain at the back of the left hip, and was un- able to move for some few minutes; after which time he manaced to crawlup to bed, where he remained for two days.The same evening, he sent for a doctor, who gave him some medicine, and a lotion to apply, and told him on the third day that he would be better if he could get about a little.He left his bed that day, and was able to move from one place to another with the aid of two sticks.On 5thMay, I875, he was admitted, under the care of Dr. Reynolds, with sciatica.The pain was sogreat that he was ordered hypodermic
Impact of Venous Thromboembolism and Anticoagulation on Cancer and Cancer Survival
Authors: Nicole M. Kuderer, Thomas L. Ortel, Charles W. Francis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Changes in the hemostatic system and chronic hemostatic activation are frequently observed in patients with cancer, even in the absence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a leading cause of death among patients with cancer and contributes to long-term mortality in patients with early as well as advanced-stage cancer. Mounting evidence suggests that components of the clotting cascade and associated vascular factors play an integral part in tumor progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. Furthermore, there are intriguing in vitro and animal findings that anticoagulants, in particular the low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), exert an antineoplastic effect through multiple mechanisms, including interference with tumor cell adhesion, invasion, metastasis formation, angiogenesis, and the immune system. Several relatively small randomized controlled clinical trials of anticoagulation as cancer therapy in patients without a VTE diagnosis have been completed. These comprise studies with LMWH, unfractionated heparin, and vitamin K antagonists, with overall encouraging but nonconclusive results and some limitations. Meta-analyses performed for the American Society of Clinical Oncology VTE Guidelines Committee and the Cochrane Collaboration suggest overall favorable effects of anticoagulation on survival of patients with cancer, mainly with LMWH. However, definitive clinical trials have been elusive and questions remain regarding the importance of tumor type and stage on treatment efficacy, the impact of fatal thromboembolic events, optimal anticoagulation therapy, and safety with differing chemotherapy regimens. Although the LMWHs and related agents hold promise for improving outcomes in patients with cancer, additional studies of their efficacy and safety in this setting are needed.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Clinical and Genetic Topics
Authors: Stephen Marx
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) consists of benign, and sometimes malignant, tumors (often multiple in a tissue) of the parathyroids, enteropancreatic neuroendocrine system, anterior pituitary, and other tissues.Skin angiofibromas and skin collagenomas are common. Typically, MEN1 tumors begin two decades earlier than sporadic tumors. Because of tumor multiplicity and the tendency for postoperative tumor recurrence, specialized methods have been developed for preoperative and intraoperative localization of many MEN1-associated tumors. The MEN1 gene was recently isolated by positional cloning.This strategy progressively narrows the size of the candidate MEN1 gene interval on the chromosome and then finds and tests many or, if needed, all genes within that interval. The MEN1 gene was finally identified because it was the one gene that contained mutations in most DNAs from a test panel of MEN1 cases. It has been suggested that MEN1, like many hereditary cancer syndromes, is caused by mutation in a tumor suppressor gene that contributes to neoplasia when both gene copies in a tumor precursor cell have been sequentially inactivated ("two-hit" oncogenesis mechanism). Germline MEN1 mutations were found in most families with MEN1 and in most cases of sporadic MEN1. In addition, the MEN1 gene was the gene most likely to show acquired mutation in several sporadic or nonhereditary tumors-parathyroid adenomas, gastrinomas, insulinomas, and bronchial carcinoids. Most germline or acquired MEN1 mutations predicted truncation (and thus likely inactivation) of the encoded protein, supporting expectations for the "first hit" to a tumor suppressor gene. Testing for MEN1 germline mutation is possible in a research setting. Candidates for MEN1 mutation testing include patients with MEN1 or its phenocopies and first-degree relatives of persons with MEN1.
Clinical and Laboratory Assessments of Senna Preparations
Authors: J. C. M. Browne, V. Edmunds, J. W. Fairbairn, D. D. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1957)

B'rrsMIBic'" Jouw~l in the air collected on June 27 was surprising, and, taken in conjunction with the low general bacterial count, may represent some other factor such as the effect of differences in light or ventilation which we have not recognized.Finally, the measures taken to disinfect the male ward appear to have been successful in that for a time they eliminated staphylococci and reduced the incidence of infection.From the information available, it is not possible to tell if the epidemic strain of Staph.pyogenes was brought back to the ward by a member of the staff from some other part of the hospital, or was brought in by a patient, or came from some unsuspected hiding-place which had escaped disinfection.This staphylococcus had been isolated from time to time in other parts of the hospital. SummaryDuring a period of nine weeks, 24 of 83 patients undergoing clean operations in one surgical unit developed wound sepsis and seven developed other staphylococcal infections.All but one of the staphylococci tested from the wounds and other lesions belonged to one phage type.In many cases wound sepsis seemed to follow infection acquired in the operating theatre, and there was strong evidence implicating one of the members of the surgical team in these infections.Some cases of wound infection and most of the other infections seemed to have been acquired in the ward.It is suggested that one patient, who had a staphylococcal lung abscess, may have been responsible for widespread dissemination.The epidemic type was found in large numbers in the air and on bedclothes, curtains, etc.; it was carried by only one member of the nursing staff.We are greatly indebted to
GIARDIA LAMBLIA INFECTION IN MAN
Authors: PAUL B. NUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Leeuwenhoek in 1675, in examining his own stool, saw and described the protozoan now known as Giardia lamblia.<sup>1</sup>In 1859 Lambl described it under the name Cercomonas intestinalis. Stiles in 1915 placed it in the genus Giardia, calling it Giardia lamblia. The incidence of infection with Giardia lamblia varies markedly with the geographic location. It is much more frequently encountered in tropical and subtropical climates than in the temperate zone. Incidence in the United States has been found by Hegner, Root, Augustine and Huff<sup>2</sup>to average 12 per cent. In examinations of the stools of 1,539 selected patients and food handlers in the University of Chicago Clinics, this parasite was found in twenty-three instances (1.5 per cent). This incidence is considerably lower than that usually found in the North Temperate Zone. A probable explanation of this finding may be found in the fact that a higher income level