tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complement-derived chemotactic activity is generated in human serum containing uroporphyrin after irradiation with 405 nm light.
Authors: H W Lim, H D Perez, I M Goldstein, I Gigli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Patients with porphyrias have varying degrees of photosensitivity, associated with elevated levels of porphyrins in plasma, erythrocyte, urine and/or feces. To investigate the role of complement in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lesions, varying amounts of uroporphyrin were added to normal human serum (0.1-10 microgram/ml), and the mixtures were then exposed to 405 nm irradiation. Such treatments result in the diminution of total hemolytic complement activity and hemolytic titers of C1, C4, C2, C3, and C5; furthermore, cleavage products of C3 and C5 were detected. Chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was generated that was inhibitable by incubation with anti-C5, but not with anti-C3 antisera. No chemotactic activity was generated in Mg++-EGTA treated serum nor in C4-deficient guinea pig serum. These data indicate that irradiation with 405 nm light of normal human serum containing uroporphyrin results in activation of the complement system via the classical pathway, and the generation of complement (C5)-derived chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Use of catheter-tip velocity--pressure transducer to evaluate left ventricular function in man: effects of intravenous propranolol.
Authors: W P Klinke, L G Christie, W W Nichols, M E Ray, R C Curry, C J Pepine, C R Conti
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A catheter-tip velocity transducer with two high-fidelity pressure manometers was used to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic effects of intravenous propranolol (10 mg). Nine patients without clinical evidence of heart failure were studied. Pulsatile ascending aortic blood flow velocity and pressure and LV pressure were measured continuously during drug administration. Beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume index, stroke work index, LV end-diastolic pressure, maximum blood flow velocity and acceleration, and maximum LV dP/dt were determined. Propranolol produced a decrease in maximum blood flow velocity (from 58 +/- 4.7 to 42 +/- 5.1 cm/sec, p less than 0.002), and acceleration (from 1181 +/- 130 to 847 +/- 117 cm/sec2, p less than 0.002, max dP/dt (from 1361 +/- 70 to 1146 +/- 63 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.002), stroke volume index (from 47 +/- 3.0 to 38 +/- 3.2 ml/m2, p less than 0.002) and total stroke work index (from 702 +/- 33 to 603 +/- 44 mJ/m2 p less than 0.04), with little change in mean aortic pressure, peak systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure. Depression in myocardial function was detectable within 1 minute after initiation of propranolol and persisted when negative chronotropic effects were eliminated by atrial pacing. The multisensor catheter technique allows rapid and safe detection of changes in cardiovascular function during propranolol administration in conscious man.
Abstract 4890: Diffusion-weighted MRI provides an early assessment of treatment response in a murine model of metastatic prostate cancer to the bone
Authors: Jean-Christophe Brisset, Stefanie Galbán, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Kenneth J. Pienta, Craig J. Galbán, Brian Dale Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ninety percent of patients with advanced prostate cancer develop metastases to the bone1. At present, there is no definitive means for assessing response to therapy, with RECIST identifying tumors in the bone as “unmeasureable”. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is highly sensitive to microscopic changes in tumor tissue. Our goal is to use DW-MRI to detect and quantify changes in tumor tissue throughout therapy where the magnitude of the change could be related to the effectiveness of the treatment. Human prostate cancer (PC3) cells were implanted by direct intra-tibial injection into male SCID mice, which served as a model for prostate bone metastases. MRI experiments were performed on a 9.4T MRI. Upon identifying a tumor volume of ∼10mm3, animals were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups: docetaxel 20 mg/kg i.p. dose once a week for 3 doses (qd7×3; N=5), fractionated radiation IR at 2 Gy/day 5x per week for 2 weeks (N=7), combined treatment (N=5) and control (N=6). Animals were imaged by DW-MRI in which the apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated from the DW images. Tumor volume and ADC measurements were acquired pre-treatment and on days 0, 1, 4, 7, and once per week after post-treatment initiation. Animals were removed from the study when the tumor reached a percent increase of 400% (5x the initial tumor volume). Group comparisons in MRI metrics were obtained using an unpaired Student t-test. Mice treated by Dox or IR had significant smaller increase in tumor volume compared to control mice. Combined treatment resulted in improved efficacy over lone therapies. This resulted in a significant decrease in tumor size. The Dox group showed an increase in ADC following the first administration and a slow decline in ADC values following day 4 post-treatment initiations regardless of additional treatments. ADC value for IR treated animals did not elevate above control until day 7. Combined treatment generated increased ADC values that were maintained throughout the treatment cycle. IR and Dox alone and in combination were effective as assessed by anatomical and DW-MRI. Those results demonstrate the potential of quantitative ADC map for assessing early response of metastatic cancer to the bone. References: 1. Carlin BI et al. Cancer. 2000;88(12):2989-2994. 2. Lee KC et al. Cancer Res. 2007;67(8):3524-3528. 3. Lee KC Neoplasia. 2007;9(12):1003-1011. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4890. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4890
TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA BY MEANS OF SPECIFIC SERUMS
Authors: RUFUS COLE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is now over twenty years since the first attempts were made to treat patients suffering from acute lobar pneumonia by means of serum obtained from animals immunized to pneumococcus. In 1904 Anders<sup>1</sup>collected the reports of 535 cases treated in this way. He concluded that the practical results obtained by the use of antipneumococcus serum did not warrant its general use. Nevertheless, the theoretical study and practical application of antipneumococcus serum have not ceased. Although it has been impossible to demonstrate any striking lowering of mortality in a large series of cases, yet certain good clinical observers have felt that in certain individual instances the results were striking. The experimental evidence, moreover, has been sufficient to inspire hope in the minds of many. It has become evident, however, that the problem can be solved only by more refined and critical methods than those previously employed. It has been
Further characterisation of the inotropic effect of a bufodienolide glycoside -- an endogenous ouabain like compound
Authors: Y SHIMONI, M GOTSMAN, M EPSTEIN, S KACHALSKY, J DEUTSCH, D LICHTSTEIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

A ouabain like compound obtained from toad skin and plasma and identified to be a steroidal bufodienolide glycoside was found to displace ouabain from its binding site and to inhibit Na+-K+ ATPase, and have positive inotropic effects on cardiac muscle. The ionic and rate dependence of this positive inotropy was studied in the frog atrium. The effect was dependent on extracellular potassium, sodium, and calcium concentrations and on the rate of stimulation, which is similar to the properties of cardiac glycosides. Occasionally, the compound gave transient or even negative inotropic responses, as do the glycosides. The action potential configuration was also affected by the compound in the same complex pattern as is that of cardiac glycosides. It is concluded that the endogenous bufodienolide compound has the same physiological effects as cardiac glycosides. Since the same compound is present in toad plasma it may serve as an intrinsic humoral regulator of cardiac contractility. This study is the first detailed characterisation of the cardioactive properties of this compound.
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Reduced in Peripheral Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gian Paolo Fadini, Marta Miorin, Monica Facco, Sondra Bonamico, Ilenia Baesso, Franco Grego, Mirko Menegolo, Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg, Antonio Tiengo, Carlo Agostini, Angelo Avogaro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Lipodystrophy Induced by Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Stephen M Warren, James W May
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 51-year-old man who was positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and had been treated with a conventional protease-inhibitor–based antiretroviral regimen for four years had wasting of the fat of the extremities and face (especially of Bichat's fat pad), abnormal deposition of fat in the neck and trunk (“bull neck”; Panels A and B), insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. The complete blood count, the hepatic profile, and the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin were normal. The results of a dexamethasone suppression test and the 24-hour urinary cortisol level were also normal. In a substantial proportion . . .
The Modern Concept of Nature: Essays on Theoretical Biology and Evolution
Authors: James C. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This volume reprints ten of H. J. Muller's articles dealing with mutation and evolutionary change. The title,<i>The Modern Concept of Nature</i>, and subtitle,<i>Essays on Theoretical Biology</i>, seem to promise an interpretive synthesis of science in the tradition of T. H. Huxley, Bertrand Russell, and P. W. Bridgman, but the book is not of this nature. Muller was a brilliant geneticist and an indefatigable worker. He made the discovery that ionizing radiation is mutagenic and he created many of the fundamental techniques of genetic research. He was not, however, a graceful synthesizer. His style was pedantic and often awkward; his rhetorical conceits are labored and tend to distract rather than elucidate. The articles are reviews and essays published originally between 1922 and 1958. They do not constitute an integrated whole; there is considerable repetition. Repeatedly, they cite other work in the field without explaining it, and some of these
Inhalation of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Ozone Causes Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Healthy Adults
Authors: Robert D. Brook, Jeffrey R. Brook, Bruce Urch, Renaud Vincent, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Frances Silverman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Fine particulate air pollution and ozone are associated with increased cardiovascular events. To help explain the mechanism behind these observations, we investigated the effect of air pollution exposure on vascular function. Methods and Results — Twenty-five healthy adults underwent a randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing the vascular response to the 2-hour inhalation of ≈150 μg/m 3 of concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP) plus ozone (120 ppb) versus the response to the inhalation of filtered air. High-resolution vascular ultrasonography was used to measure alterations in brachial artery diameter, endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelial-independent nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD). Exposure to CAP plus ozone caused a significant brachial artery vasoconstriction compared with filtered air inhalation (−0.09±0.15 mm versus +0.01±0.18 mm, P =0.03). There were no significant differences in FMD (+0.29±4.11% versus −0.03±6.63%, P =0.88), NMD (+3.87±5.43% versus +3.46±7.92%, P =0.83), or blood pressure responses between exposures. Conclusions — Short-term inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone at concentrations that occur in the urban environment causes acute conduit artery vasoconstriction.
Making prison health care more efficient: Europe's initiative and progress should be noted
Authors: Alex Gatherer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
The Src homology 2 domain of Bcr/Abl is required for efficient induction of chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease in mice but not for lymphoid leukemogenesis or activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Authors: Sergei Roumiantsev, Isabel E. de Aos, Lyuba Varticovski, Robert L. Ilaria, Richard A. Van Etten
Journal: Blood (2001)
Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Correlates with Poor Prognostic Variables in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nam Hoon Cho, Hyo Sub Shim, Sun Young Rha, Suki Hee Kang, Sung Hui Hong, Young Deuk Choi, Sung Jun Hong, Sang Ho Cho
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Intra-arterial Dye Method with Vasomotors (PIAD Method) Applied for the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer and the Side Effects of Indigo Carmine
Authors: K. Ikeda, Y. Sannohe, S. Araki, S. Inutsuka
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Forty patients with stomach cancer, including 25 patients with early carcinoma, were examined endoscopically during the perfusion of Indigo carmine dye into the celiac artery in association with vasomotors. In all of these patients the diagnosis had been established definitively by aimed biopsies before the procedure. This new endoscopic examination is useful not only to determine the margin of the superficial carcinoma, even when it is covered with regenerative epithelium, but also to detect small lesion less than 10 mm in diameter. Liver function tests in 31 patients who underwent the examination have negated the possibility of acute toxicity of the dye. But this new method should be employed with caution in hypertensive or high-risk patients.
Normo-osmolar, Nonketotic, Hyponatremic Diabetic Syndrome Associated with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Robert E J Ryder, Tom M Hayes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

A case is reported of a nonketotic woman with diabetes who presented with a blood glucose of 72.8 mmol/L (1310 mg/dl), plasma sodium of 92 mmol/L, normal osmolality, impaired renal function, and alert clinical state. Before the implication of the unusual nature of the metabolic disturbance was fully considered, the initial treatment was with a rapid infusion of saline. On consideration, however, it was postulated that as her hyperglycemia had developed, the expected osmotic diuresis was prevented by the impairment of her renal function. This had allowed compensatory hyponatremia to develop to maintain normal osmolality and protect the patient from coma. The high-dose saline infusion was stopped, and she was successfully treated with insulin and potassium but only minimal saline. The use of large quantities of saline in normo-osmolar, nonketotic, hyponatremic diabetic syndrome associated with impaired renal function and alert mental state is unnecessary and potentially dangerous.
Individualized therapies in colorectal cancer: KRAS as a marker for response to EGFR-targeted therapy
Authors: David Z Chang, Vikas Kumar, Ying Ma, Kuiyuan Li, Scott Kopetz
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Individualized therapies that are tailored to a patient's genetic composition will be of tremendous value for treatment of cancer. Recently, Kirsten ras (KRAS) status has emerged as a predictor of response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies. In this article, we will discuss targeted therapies for colorectal cancers (CRC) based on EGFR signaling pathway and review published data about the potential usefulness of KRAS as a biological marker for response to these therapies. Results from relevant studies published since 2005 and unpublished results presented at national meetings were retrieved and summarized. These studies reflected response (or lack of response) to EGFR-targeted therapies in patients with metastatic CRC as a function of KRAS status. It has become clear that patients with colorectal cancer whose tumor has an activating mutation in KRAS do not respond to monoclonal antibody therapies targeting EGFR. It should now become a standard practice that any patients being considered for EGFR targeted therapies have their tumors tested for KRAS status and only those with wild-type KRAS being offered such therapies.
Experimental Colon Cancer Test Appears to Hold Promise
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Europe's governments should set targets to reduce health inequalities
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The failure of European governments to tackle increasing inequalities in health in their populations is due to lack of political will and limited knowledge of what policy interventions work, speakers agreed at a recent meeting in London.

The meeting was organised by the London School of Economics and the European Commission, which is due to launch a new initiative to tackle health inequalities across the European Union later this year.

Few governments, take health inequalities seriously enough, speakers emphasised. Governments should follow the lead of the Netherlands, which in 1989,adopted a national policy to reduce health inequalities and is shortly to adopt objective targets by which progress can be measured.

Health inequalities in the Netherlands are below the EU average, but the gap in life expectancy between those in …
Mark Akenside, M.D., and a Note on Dr. Johnson's Asthma
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DR. Johnson heard the publisher, Dodsley, relate that when Pope was shown a copy of Akenside's The Pleasures of Imagination, he said Akenside was no ordinary poet, and advised Dodsley not to make a niggardly offer for the poem. This didactic poem in blank verse was inspired by Addison's essays on the imagination. It was considered a work of genius by some and immediately established its author's reputation as a poet.The various lives of Akenside1 2 3 4 5 have stressed his poetical attributes, and his poetry has been thoroughly analyzed, even meriting a doctoral dissertation.3 His medical contributions, however, deserve more notice . . .
Migrants to pay 150% of NHS costs for their care
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Migrants and foreign visitors from outside the European Union who access NHS healthcare will have to pay an additional 50% on top of the cost of their treatment, under new plans tabled by the UK government.

The move is part of a package of measures being introduced over the next two years to incentivise the NHS in England to work harder to charge more effectively and consistently, as part of a crackdown on so called “health tourism.”

Under existing rules, migrants and overseas visitors from outside the European Economic Area (EEA) can access NHS care without paying upfront immediately or soon after their arrival in the United Kingdom and are required to pay the full cost after they have been treated. But many NHS trusts recover only a fraction of the money they are owed, which has prompted the government to introduce the new …
Nazi Science — The Dachau Hypothermia Experiments
Authors: Robert L. Berger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

IT is widely recognized that the experiments performed on prisoners in German concentration camps during the Second World War were in fact brutal crimes committed under the guise of medical research. There is controversy, however, about the use of the results obtained from those studies. Among the approximately 30 known projects, the controversy has focused most intensely on the experiments involving hypothermia in humans that were performed at the Dachau concentration camp.1 The debate among scientists and ethicists has spread to the public through the print and broadcast media.2 3 4 5 6 Positions range from a total ban to advocacy of the uninhibited . . .
Do large-scale remedial and dredging events have the potential to release significant amounts of semivolatile compounds to the atmosphere?
Authors: J Chiarenzelli, R Scrudato, B Bush, D Carpenter, S Bushart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Laboratory studies suggest that substantial amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls are rapidly volatilized from wet contaminated solids during water evaporation. If significant losses also occur during field activities, potential analytical, global, and health implications should be considered in the design and monitoring of remedial actions and the handling of contaminated solids.
Results of operative treatment of hypopharyngeal diverticulum.
Authors: S Bertelsen, A Aasted
Journal: Thorax (1976)

The so-called hypopharyngeal diverticula may be classified, according to their size, localization, and form, into three stages. Small diverticula (first stage) should not be surgically removed, whereas all other diverticula, that is, those causing symptoms, must be surgically removed as soon after diagnosis as possible. Diverticulectomy performed in one stage is the treatment of choice. A series of patients is reviewed. The risk involved in surgery is found to be of minor degree, and the incidence of complications is low. Radiologically demonstrable recurrence may develop in 10% to 12% of all patients while clinical symptoms of recurrence are seen in only about 2%.