tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some patients may want to retain ownership of tissue removed from them
Authors: A R W Forrest
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor-R D Start and colleagues make a valuable contribution to the debate on the ownership of human tissue removed from living subjects.1 It should not be thought, however, that the views of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics are universally accepted as a definitive description of the state of the law on the ownership of human tissue, or indeed …
Getting clinical guidelines right
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The importance of transparency with regards to author and industry ties when publishing research is paramount. The degree of disclosure and what exactly constitutes a competing interest will vary by author and journal to a certain extent, but its impact on independence, either perceived or real, is universally acknowledged.

Also acknowledged but far less widely discussed are the interests of those sitting on clinical guideline panels and the lack of consensus on what is …
Scottish researchers apply for licence for human cloning
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Researchers from Edinburgh's Roslin Institute have applied for a licence to clone human embryos for the purpose of research into motor neurone disease. The team behind the application is the same group—led by Professor Ian Wilmut—that in 1996 cloned Dolly the sheep, the first successful cloning of a mammal.

The licence, if granted by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, will be Britain's second and the first to permit deliberate cloning of embryos with a disease.

In August the authority granted Britain's first cloning licence to the Newcastle Centre for Life ( BMJ 2004;329:417, 21 August) for the purpose of …
Ecchymoses may have been due to extracapsular haemorrhage from parathyroid adenoma
Authors: W P L Hellier, A McCombe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—We would like to suggest a unifying diagnosis for the two recent reports of patients presenting with extensive ecchymoses of the neck and upper chest, associated with dysphagia and dysphonia1 2—namely, extracapsular haemorrhage from a parathyroid adenoma. We have recently reported and discussed the pathophysiology of …
Is Physician Detection Associated With Thinner Melanomas?
Authors: Darin S. Epstein, Julie R. Lange, Stephen B. Gruber, Mona Mofid, Susan E. Koch
Journal: JAMA (1999)

In cutaneous melanoma, tumor depth remains the best biologic predictor of patient survival. Detection of prognostically favorable lesions may be associated with improved survival in patients with melanoma.To determine melanoma detection patterns and relate them to tumor thickness.Interview survey.All patients with newly detected primary cutaneous melanoma at the Melanoma Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, between June 1995 and June 1997.Tumor thickness grouped according to detection source.Of the 102 patients (47 men, 55 women) in the study, the majority of melanomas were self-detected (55%), followed by detection by physician (24%), spouse (12%), and others (10%). Physicians were more likely to detect thinner lesions than were patients who detected their own melanomas (median thickness, 0.23 mm vs 0.9 mm; P<.001). When grouped according to thickness, 11 (46%) of 24 physician-detected melanomas were in situ, vs only 8 (14%) of 56 patient-detected melanomas. Physician detection was associated with an increase in the probability of detecting thinner (< or =0.75 mm) melanomas (relative risk, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.1; P=.01).Thinner melanomas are more likely to have been detected by physicians. Increased awareness by all physicians may result in greater detection of early melanomas.
Characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells
Authors: T Shimada
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the growth response of colon cancer cells has been suggested. Aims: To investigate the characteristics of PPARγ induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Methods: The effects of ligands for each of the PPAR subtypes (α, δ, and γ) on DNA synthesis and cell viability were examined in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Modulation of apoptosis related gene expression by PPARγ ligands was screened with cDNA arrays, and the results were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ were all expressed in HT-29 cells. PPARγ ligands, 15-deoxy-δ<sup>12,</sup><sup>14</sup>-prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> (15d-PGJ<sub>2</sub>) and troglitazone (TGZ), suppressed DNA synthesis of HT-29 cells whereas ligands for PPARα and PPARδ had no significant effects. Both 15d-PGJ<sub>2</sub> and TGZ induced HT-29 cell death in a dose dependent manner which was associated with an increase in fragmented DNA and was sensitive to a caspase inhibitor. Among several genes selected by cDNA array screening, quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed downregulation of <i>c-myc</i> expression and upregulation of <i>c-jun</i> and <i>gadd153</i> expression by 15d-PGJ<sub>2</sub> and TGZ. PPARγ induced apoptosis was antagonised by the presence of serum in the culture medium, and interaction between PPARγ signalling and cell survival signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was suggested. Conclusions: As <i>c-myc</i> is an important target gene of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/β-catenin and/or APC/γ-catenin pathway, activation of PPARγ signalling appears to compensate for deregulated <i>c-myc</i> expression caused by mutated APC. The present results suggest the potential usefulness of PPARγ ligands for chemoprevention and treatment of colon cancers.
Effects of single daily doses of a pyridil-2-tetrahydrothiophene derivative (40749 RP) on 24 hour H+ activity, nocturnal acid output, gastrin and pepsinogen I profiles in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: P J Male, M Griessen, M G Cunningham, A M Frydman, N A Garoflid-Oprescu, R De Peyer, E Loizeau
Journal: Gut (1986)

40749 RP is a pyridil-2-tetrahydrothiophene derivative, belonging to a new class of gastric antisecretory drugs. We compared its effects on gastric secretion with cimetidine. Intragastric acidity, nocturnal acid output, gastrin and pepsinogen-I profiles were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer in clinical remission. A single dose of 100 mg 40749 RP reduced median 24 h gastric acidity as effectively as cimetidine 1000 mg given as four divided doses, 0.63 vs 1.6 mmol/l. Continued treatment with 40749 RP for 10 days reduced the median 24 h gastric acidity even further, to 0.006 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) and significantly increased fasting concentrations of gastrin and pepsinogen-I (p = 0.02). The incremental gastrin secretion to a standard meal was significantly increased after 10 days treatment with 40749 RP when compared with the first day of 40749 RP, or with cimetidine. These results show that 40749 RP exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion after a single 100 mg dose, and that this inhibitory effect increases with continued administration.
Thallium Poisoning
Authors: JAMES LEHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 July 1932Thallium PoisoningA Report of Three Cases*JAMES LEHMAN, M.D., LEO GAFFNEY, M.D.JAMES LEHMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEO GAFFNEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-1-60 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe increasing incidence of thallium poisoning, following the use of depilatory creams has prompted us to report the following cases which have been under observation recently at the Cleveland Clinic. In all three cases the history included a similar statement, namely, that the patient had used "Koremlu", a depilatory cream.Several cases of thallium poisoning have been reported. Lansbury1of the Mayo Clinic reported the first case. A short time later, Duncan and Crosby2of the Cleveland Clinic reported a similar case. Greenbaum and Shamberg3have also reported cases. The Bureau of Investigation of the American Medical Association has published...References1 LANSBURY J: A case of thallium poisoning. Pro. of the Staff Meet. of the Mayo Clinic, 1930, v, 323-325. Google Scholar2 DUNCANCROSBY WSES: A case of thallium poisoning following the prolonged use of a depilatory cream, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1931, xcvi, 1866-1868. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 GREENBAUMSHAMBERG SSE: Reports of thallium acetate poisoning following the use of Koremlu. Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1931, xcvi, 1868. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 A dangerous depilatory containing thallium acetate, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1931, xcvi, 629-630. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES LEHMAN, M.D.; LEO GAFFNEY, M.D.Affiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Submitted for publication, November 12, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBiomedical versus cultural constructions of abnormality: The case of idiopathic hirsutism in the United StatesIntoxikationenTHALLIUM POISONING 1 July 1932Volume 6, Issue 1Page: 60-64KeywordsThallium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Emotional Crises and Cancer
Authors: W. G. Crary, G. C. Crary
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1974)

Cancer is a hazardous event for both the patient and his physician.To cope, the physician must create a total situa tion which minimizes the patient's anxi ety, anger and depression and maxi mizes his ability to respond in adaptive, realistic ways.A good doctor-patient re lationship and open lines of communi cation are essential.Above all, the phy sician must emphasize probabilities, rather than absolutes, always leaving room for hope.Because a diagnosis and subsequent treatment for cancer will most likely cause severe stress for the patient and his family, the question frequently arises whether â€oe¿ to tell or not to tellâ€•the pa tient he has cancer.Several studies have demonstrated that most patients ulti mately know their diagnosis and that failure to initially give at least minimally honest feedback impairs communication and makes it more likely that emotional crisis will arise in the future.1'2It is also becoming increasingly evi dent that caring for a cancer patient poses difficult emotional problems for
Altruism is a form of self-control
Authors: Howard Rachlin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Some commentators have argued that all particular altruistic acts are directly caused by or reinforced by an internal emotional state. Others argue that rewards obtained by one person might reinforce another person's altruistic act. Yet others argue that all altruistic acts are reinforced by social reciprocation. There are logical and empirical problems with all of these conceptions. The best explanation of altruistic acts is that – though they are themselves not reinforced (either immediately, or delayed, or conditionally, or internally) – they are, like self-controlled acts, part of a pattern of overt behavior that is either extrinsically reinforced or intrinsically reinforcing.
Sildenafil attenuates pulmonary arterial pressure but does not improve oxygenation during ARDS
Authors: Alexander D. Cornet, Jorrit J. Hofstra, Eleonora L. Swart, Armand R. J. Girbes, Nicole P. Juffermans
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Pulmonary hypertension is a characteristic feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and contributes to mortality. Administration of sildenafil in ambulatory patients with pulmonary hypertension improves oxygenation and ameliorates pulmonary hypertension. Our aim was to determine whether sildenafil is beneficial for patients with ARDS.Prospective, open-label, multicenter, interventional cohort study.Medical-surgical ICU of two university hospitals.Ten consecutive patients meeting the NAECC criteria for ARDS.A single dose of 50 mg sildenafil citrate administered via a nasogastric tube.Administration of sildenafil in patients with ARDS decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 25 to 22 mmHg (P = 0.022) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure from 16 to 13 mmHg (P = 0.049). Systemic mean arterial pressures were markedly decreased from 81 to 75 mmHg (P = 0.005). Sildenafil did not improve pulmonary arterial oxygen tension, but resulted in a further increase in the shunt fraction.Although sildenafil reduced pulmonary arterial pressures during ARDS, the increased shunt fraction and decreased arterial oxygenation render it unsuitable for the treatment of patients with ARDS.
ELECTROLYSIS FOR THE REDUCTION OF SPURS OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

A year ago I gave the results of recent experience with electrolysis for the reduction of spurs of the nasal septum, in a paper read before the section of Laryngology and Otology of theAmerican Medical Association, 1 and later in another paper before the American Laryngological Association, 2 and it is not my purpose in this supplementary report to repeat the technical details of the procedure or to recite cases at length, but simply to formulate conclusions bearing upon the exact limitations of this method.  The bibliography having been presented in previous papers, will be omitted at this time; suffice it to say, that a few European operators have advocated the method and some have praised it with seeming extravagance.  Customarily spurs or excrescences of the septum narium are removed by surgical means, by the knife, saw and drill, and these are the methods employed by myself in the
Memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection cross-react with avian influenza A (H5N1) in healthy individuals
Authors: Laurel Yong-Hwa Lee, Do Lien Anh Ha, Cameron Simmons, Menno D. de Jong, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Reto Schumacher, Yan Chun Peng, Andrew J. McMichael, Jeremy J. Farrar, Geoffrey L. Smith, Alain R.M. Townsend, Brigitte A. Askonas, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Tao Dong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. Current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. An alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection that could cross-react with H5N1 by targeting highly conserved internal proteins. To determine how common cross-reactive T cells are, we performed a comprehensive ex vivo analysis of cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses to overlapping peptides spanning the full proteome of influenza A/Viet Nam/CL26/2005 (H5N1) and influenza A/New York/232/2004 (H3N2) in healthy individuals from the United Kingdom and Viet Nam. Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from the majority of participants exhibited human influenza–specific responses and showed cross-recognition of at least one H5N1 internal protein. Participant CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized multiple synthesized influenza peptides, including peptides from the H5N1 strain. Matrix protein 1 (M1) and nucleoprotein (NP) were the immunodominant targets of cross-recognition. In addition, cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either H5N1 M1 or NP. Thus, vaccine formulas inducing heterosubtypic T cell–mediated immunity may confer broad protection against avian and human influenza A viruses.
A PSYCHOSOMATIC APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF STUTTERING IN PSYCHOTICS
Authors: DOMINICK A. BARBARA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

The study of 20 stuttering psychotic patients at the Central Islip State Hospital showed: (a) One in every 350 psychotic patients or .28 percent, stuttered. (b) The psychiatric diagnosis was mainly schizoprenia. (c) Fifteen cases were of the introverted type and 5 cases of the extrovert variety. (d) The family history presented some degree of neuropsychiatric or psychosomatic disorder in every case except two where such information was not available. (e) The personality make-up of the majority of the patients appeared to be of a schizoid variety. (f) The physical examination presented no definite findings for establishing the etiological basis of stuttering. The neurological examination revealed no evidence of peripheral neuromuscular involvement or any pathology of the speech organs. (g) Nearly every case presented symptoms of acute or chronic anxiety. (h) The ages of onset of stuttering were recalled in 12 cases. These ranged from 5 to 8 years in 10 cases, beyond 10 years in 2 cases. (i) The ratio of males to females was 4 to 1. (j) Of the 20 patients examined 7 could attribute the symptom of stuttering to some specific happening. (k) In 9 cases there was a history of other stutterers in the family—in one instance stuttering was noted in the families of both parents. (l) Stuttering must be considered as a symptom of an underlying neurotic personality reaction. It is a complex syndrome and not due to any single etiological factor. Only through a psychosomatic approach can its nature be understood. (m) The difference between stuttering personalities in neurotics and psychotics is one of degree only.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Association of Coronary Artery Lesions
Authors: Tuğba Kemaloğlu Öz, Nazmiye Çakmak, Fatma Özpamuk Karadeniz, Ahmet Zengin, Ayhan Öz, Servet Altay, Tufan Çınar, Hale Yılmaz, Şükrü Akyüz, Kadir Gürkan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Distribution of registrars
Authors: H Connor
Journal: BMJ (1978)

discharged no matter how overcrowded the hospital might have been.(5) The complaint is primarily against the authority and not against the individual doctor.Of course the Select Committee said it would have been "appropriate" for the commissioner to have contacted the doctor and that the authority should have done so initially, and they "note" that the authority did not contact the doctor when the draft report was submitted for comment.But they confirmed the decision and they confirmed it without contacting the doctor themselves.Meanwhile, in America, the senior house officer comes off best.He now lives in a country where all men can defend themselves if complaints are made against them.But we don't.
Treatment of Periodontal Disease and the Risk of Preterm Birth
Authors: Bryan S. Michalowicz, James S. Hodges, Anthony J. DiAngelis, Virginia R. Lupo, M. John Novak, James E. Ferguson, William Buchanan, James Bofill, Panos N. Papapanou, Dennis A. Mitchell, Stephen Matseoane, Pat A. Tschida
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Maternal periodontal disease has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. We studied the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on preterm birth.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐positive acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: T. P. McGraw, J. D. Folds, F. J. Bollum, S. A. Stass
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a biochemical marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In studies of ALL at diagnosis, there are usually greater than 40% TdT‐positive cells by indirect immunofluorescence, whereas acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) shows less than 1% TdT‐positive cells. Rare cases of TdT‐positive AML have been reported. We present here three AML patients with TdT in 15%, 45%, and 90% of the leukemic blasts. The diagnosis of AML was established on the basis of morphology and cytochemistry, and the cases included one patient with Auer rods. Myeloperoxidase was present respectively in 20%, 90%, and 5% of the blasts. There was no Philadelphia chromosome present in the three cases. These results may indicate the simultaneous presence of lymphoid and myeloid populations, or the presence of a blast cell with both lymphoid and myeloid markers.
Endothelin is a dose-dependent trophic factor and a mitogen in small arteries in vivo
Authors: H DAO, C BOUVET, S MOREAU, P BEAUCAGE, R LARIVIERE, M SERVANT, J DECHAMPLAIN, P MOREAU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Endothelin (ET) modulates cellular processes relevant to vascular remodeling, but there is still some debate as to the potential of ET to be a trophic factor or a mitogen. Moreover, the signaling of ET in vivo to produce these effects is largely unknown.3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine incorporation in rat small mesenteric arteries was studied with several doses of ET-1 (0.1-10 pmol/kg/min) administered for 26 h in vivo.The EC50 for protein synthesis was four times lower than that of DNA synthesis, with maximal effects around 1 and 3 pmol/kg/min, respectively. At 5 pmol/kg/min, ET enhanced CDK2 activity by reducing the binding of its inhibitor p27(Kip1). In contrast, the binding was enhanced at 0.5 pmol/kg/min. The reduced binding observed at 5 pmol/kg/min could not be explained by changes of p27(Kip1) or CDK2 content. Phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) on serine 10 was significantly reduced at 5 pmol/kg/min ET. Although the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway was activated, it did not contribute to the protein or DNA synthesis responses. Administration of 1 or 5 pmol/kg/min ET-1 for 28 days increased the thickness and cross-sectional area of the small mesenteric artery due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia, respectively, thus confirming the results obtained in acute conditions.ET modulates p27(Kip1) binding to CDK2, producing hypertrophy at low and hyperplasia at higher concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that ET can act both as a trophic factor and as a mitogen in an in vivo environment, depending on its local concentration.
Unilateral outward-turning leg in infancy.
Authors: R Birch, J Wenger
Journal: BMJ (1981)

An unreported condition of the legs in infants was found in more than 130 children referred to one hospital from 1973-1979. One hundred of these children were studied. One leg, usually the right, lay in external rotation. Although there was no loss or restriction of movement at the hip joints, in most cases there was a difference in the arc of rotation. Eleven children also had mild hooking of the forefoot on the unaffected side. Hip radiographs were normal in all cases. Obstetric records were reviewed in 70 cases, but no relation was found between presenting position at birth and side of the affected limb. The condition resolved spontaneously in most of the children who were follow up. This condition may cause anxiety to parents and doctors but it seems to be a variant of normal with an excellent prognosis.
A Patient Is Not a Disease
Authors: John W. Goppelt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Some psychiatrists have objected to the practice of referring to persons by their diseases or their diseased parts. Internists and surgeons have been advised not to speak of the gallbladder in bed 3, the appendix in bed 1, or the pulmonary embolism in bed 2. Physicians have been urged, correctly as I believe, to attend to the whole person, but we psychiatrists are in the habit of speaking of this schizophrenic or that manic-depressive or that obsessive-compulsive. It might be well if we were to remind ourselves that mental illness is not the whole person but only a part of the person, and that if we persist in equating a person's mental illness with him, we run the risk of unwittingly assuming a condescending attitude toward him and the further risk of influencing other persons to assume the same attitude toward him.
Norfloxacin primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites: a double-blind randomized trial
Authors: Jean-Didier Grangie, Dominique Roulot, Gilles Pelletier, Émile-Alexandre Pariente, Jacques Denis, Olivier Ink, Pierre Blanc, Jean Philippe Richardet, Jean Pierre Vinel, Francoise Delisle, Daniel Fischer, Antoine Flahault, Xavier Amiot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)