tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Early and late responders
Authors: R. Sarode, J.L. Gottschall, R.H. Aster, J.G. McFarland
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, neurological symptoms, renal involvement, and fever. We describe our experience in 70 serially encountered TTP patients in the last decade who were treated with a standard therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) protocol. Seventy percent of the patients were females. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range: 8–80). Sixty patients (85.7%) had a complete response to TPE therapy. This represented 91% of 66 who received at least one TPE. Ten patients died, two patients died before and two during the first plasma exchange. The median number of TPEs performed was nine (range: 1–85). Thirty-five (58%) out of 60 responded to 3–9 TPEs, and 25 (42%) required 10–34 TPEs for the response. The median total plasma volume exchanged was 28 liters (range: 2.7–250 L) and the mean plasma volumes exchanged during each prodcedure was 3.2 (SD ± 1.09 L). The patients were classified into early responders (ER) and late responders (LR). ERs had a mean platelet count of 180 × 109/L by Day 5, mean LDH of 643 IU/L by Day 7, and required median of seven TPEs. LRs had a mean platelet count of 122 × 109/L by Day 5, mean LDH of 885 IU/L by Day 7, and required median of 19 TPEs (P = 0.001). The platelet counts were significantly higher (P = 0.01–0.03) in ERs on Days 1, 3, and 5 as compared to LRs but the LDH did not differ significantly. Seventy-seven percent of LRs had exacerbation of TTP and 18% had relapse as compared to 7% each in ERs. Thirteen patients were in coma/semicoma at presentation. Out of these, six died, making coma a bad prognostic indicator. Five of the seven survivors in coma had received two single-plasma volume exchanges on Day 1. In conclusion, 91% of TTP patients had an excellent response to plasma exchange therapy with FFP. Coma/semicoma appears to be a bad prognostic indicator. LRs needed prolonged treatment with a greater number of patients experiencing exacerbation and relapse of TTP as compared to ERs. Am. J. Hematol. 54:102–107, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Registry for Congenital Melanocytic Naevi: prospective study 1988-2007. Part 1-epidemiology, phenotype and outcomes
Authors: V.A. Kinsler, J. Birley, D.J. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The aetiology of congenital melanocytic naevi (CMNs) is unknown.To identify potential aetiological factors in families of children with CMNs, and to relate these to long-term outcome measures.Three hundred and forty-nine CMN families completed questionnaires about pregnancy and parental factors, and yearly questionnaires on the health of their child and details of the CMN. Seventy-nine control families completed one set of questionnaires, excluding CMN details.The mean prospective follow-up of 301 CMN families was 9.2 years, median 8.9 years, total 2679 years. Forty per cent of patients had CMNs > 20 cm projected adult size (PAS) or multiple CMNs. Twenty per cent of patients had abnormal neurodevelopment and although this was positively associated with PAS it was seen across all size categories. The rate of malignant melanoma was 1.4%. This was strongly associated with PAS with all five cases in patients with CMNs > 60 cm PAS/multiple CMNs (rate in that group 14%). Twenty-five per cent of CMN patients had a positive family history of a CMN in a second-degree relative (FHCMN). This group had a significantly different gender ratio, suggesting a different underlying mutation. Maternal FHCMN was negatively associated with PAS and satellites at birth, and maternal freckling was negatively associated with PAS. Other factors found to be significantly increased in CMN families compared with controls were maternal smoking and ill health during pregnancy. Maternal smoking was positively associated with PAS.This study relies on data from families after they have had a child with a CMN, and therefore may be subject to recall bias. Despite this, it contributes significantly to the knowledge of epidemiology of CMNs, and provides some important clues to the genetic basis of the condition.
The Prospects for New, Reversible Male Contraceptives
Authors: William J. Bremner, David M. de Kretser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Research in human reproduction has been stimulated in recent years by increasing awareness of the worldwide threat posed by unchecked population growth. Much of this research has been directed toward improving technics of contraception. The efficacy of available contraceptives for men has lagged well behind those in use by women. Much recent work has been aimed at correcting this deficiency through the development of safe, reliable and reversible technics for male contraception.1 , 2 Although optimal means are not yet available, limited clinical trials of several new methods have yielded encouraging results. Several other lines of investigation, although still limited to animal . . .
Case 14-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Edward L. Prien, Walter G.J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 78-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.Thirty-two years earlier he came to the hospital because of pain in the left flank and hematuria. Cystoscopic and retrograde urographic examinations revealed a calcific density in the lower pole of the right kidney. After discharge he was lost to follow-up examination.Six years before admission he returned to the hospital because of weakness and vomiting. The urea nitrogen was 88 mg, the creatinine 2.4 mg, and the uric acid 17.7 mg per 100 ml. An x-ray film of the abdomen revealed bilateral staghorn calculi . . .
Treatment of Erythema Migrans
Authors: Michael A. Patmas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 March 1997Treatment of Erythema MigransMichael A. Patmas, MD, MSMichael A. Patmas, MD, MSClinical Care Associates of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Toms River, NJ 08753Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-5-199703010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I had the privilege of participating in the study by Luft and colleagues [1]. The data on the rate of complete resolution of erythema migrans in amoxicillin recipients may have been overstated. My patient, a 75-year-old man, was enrolled in the study in July 1991 when he presented with an engorged, embedded deer tick surrounded by an erythema migrans rash in the right popliteal fossa. This patient received and was fully compliant with treatment. His rash cleared within a few weeks, and he was considered to be a complete responder. About 1 month later, he developed internuclear ...REFERENCE1. Luft BJ, Dattwyler RJ, Johnson RC, Luger SW, Bosler EM, Rahn DW, et al. Azithromycin compared with amoxicillin in the treatment of cefuroxime migrans. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:785-91. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Clinical Care Associates of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Toms River, NJ 08753 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 5Page: 408KeywordsAntibioticsErythemaKneesLyme diseaseMagnetic resonance imagingPacemakersPatient advocacyPatientsRashesTicks Issue Published: 1 March 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SKIN MARKINGS IN NEGRO CHILDREN FROM THE WEST INDIES
Authors: DOROTHY I. VOLLUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article SKIN MARKINGS IN NEGRO CHILDREN FROM THE WEST INDIES Get access DOROTHY I. VOLLUM DOROTHY I. VOLLUM Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 1972, Pages 260–263, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02226.x Published: 01 March 1972 Article history Accepted: 22 July 1971 Published: 01 March 1972
Impaired health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C: The how, but not the why
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

During the past decade, patient-based health outcomes research has become a growth industry.Its data are being merged with clinical and economic databases to inform health care decision-making.Supported by a variety of health care organizations, accrediting bodies, employers, health policy strategists, and an expanding coterie of investigators, outcomes research seeks to assess the health of populations and the value of health care interventions as reflected in measurable changes in outcomes.With increasing emphasis on the patient as the focal point of health care, preservation of functioning and well-being is viewed as the principal goal of medical care and, of course, is best evaluated by the patient.As a consequence, measurement of patient-based assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is now an important focus of outcomes research.However, the term and concept of ''quality of life'' has been problematic. 1Quality of life is generally defined as an individual' s overall satisfaction with life and general sense of well-being and includes elements regarding health, personal accomplishments and resources, life situation, spirituality, level of activity, and social support. 2 HRQOL may be more narrowly and specifically defined.It focuses on self-perceived health and well-being domains.These include assessments of physical function, somatic sensation, psychological status, social interactions, functional capacity, and sense of wellbeing as influenced by health status.Each of these is subjective, based entirely on the perception of the individual, and usually self-reported.No objective functional testing or assessment is included.HRQOL in patients may also be defined by the nature and intensity of symptoms of the responsible disease and those attributable to its treatment.From a patient' s perspective, important outcomes of health interventions include the elimination or reduction of symptoms, if present, improved health-related quality of life, and restoration of normal life expectancy.Although its proponents would suggest that HRQOL is the outcome patients care most about, one wonders-perhaps as one ageswhether restoration of life expectancy might be an even higher priority, at least for some.
Mass Vaccination Against Polio
Authors: Alan R. Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>The Introduction of Oral Vaccine</h3> Although the introduction and immediate widespread use of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in 1955 was accompanied by an abrupt decline in the reported number of cases of poliomyelitis in the United States, there was considerable excitement in the late 1950s about the impending availability of attenuated live (oral) poliovirus vaccine (OPV).<sup>1-3</sup>This excitement stemmed both from anticipated advantages of OPV and from some disappointment with the performance of IPV. The anticipated advantages of OPV included its potential to induce effective and long-lasting protection after only one dose, obviating the need for boosters, its ability to pass to contacts of vaccinees, thereby extending the effects of the vaccine beyond those directly vaccinated, and the fact that the protection induced embraces both infection and disease. The disappointment with IPV resulted from the fact that, after a record low of 2,499 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis in 1957,
Direct Visualization of Antigen-specific CD8+T Cells during the Primary Immune Response to Epstein-Barr Virus In Vivo
Authors: M.F.C. Callan, L. Tan, N. Annels, G.S. Ogg, J.D.K. Wilson, C.A. O'Callaghan, N. Steven, A.J. McMichael, A.B. Rickinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Primary infection with virus can stimulate a vigorous cytotoxic T cell response. The magnitude of the antigen-specific component versus the bystander component of a primary T cell response remains controversial. In this study, we have used tetrameric major histocompatibility complex–peptide complexes to directly visualize antigen-specific cluster of differentration (CD)8+ T cells during the primary immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans. We show that massive expansion of activated, antigen-specific T cells occurs during the primary response to this virus. In one individual, T cells specific for a single EBV epitope comprised 44% of the total CD8+ T cells within peripheral blood. The majority of the antigen-specific cells had an activated/memory phenotype, with expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR, CD38, and CD45RO, downregulation of CD62 leukocyte (CD62L), and low levels of expression of CD45RA. After recovery from AIM, the frequency of antigen-specific T cells fell in most donors studied, although populations of antigen-specific cells continued to be easily detectable for at least 3 yr.
Abortion and the Ethics Manual
Authors: COUNT D. GIBSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Abortion and the Ethics ManualCOUNT D. GIBSON JR., M.D.COUNT D. GIBSON JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-133_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Ad Hoc Committee on Medical Ethics of the American College of Physicians has dealt inadequately with the issues of abortion and contraception (1).Although the Committee had no hesitation in deciding when life ends (2), it declined to confront the issue of when life begins. In four short paragraphs the Committee lumps the ethical issues of abortion and contraception under the same rubric. The manual repeats the cliched phrase "a physician should not impose his personal convictions upon the patient." Most seriously, the Committee imposes the duty "to assure that the patient is provided the option...References1. . American College of Physicians Ethics Manual. Part II: Research, other ethical issues. Recommended reading Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:263-74. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Defining Death. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 133-133KeywordsContraceptivesMedical ethics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole in a Jehovah's witness
Authors: Michael G. Martin, Nicole L. Whitlatch, Bijal Shah, Gowthami M. Arepally
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We report a case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura occurring as an allergic response to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole therapy (Bactrim™, Septra®) in a Jehovah's Witness patient. The patient presented with fulminant microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia within 48 hr of initiating therapy with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Other symptoms of drug hypersensitivity included nausea, vomiting, urticarial rash, and leukopenia. Because of her religious faith, the patient was supported without plasma therapy with use of intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, rituximab, and erythropoietin. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE EFFECT OF GENTIAN VIOLET ON PROTOZOA AND ON TISSUES GROWING IN VITRO, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE NUCLEUS
Authors: D. G. Russell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Gentian violet may be regarded as a true vital nuclear stain. 2. Embryonic and adult tissue of the frog will grow in vitro in the presence of gentian violet of a far stronger dilution than that necessary to kill many bacteria. In these experiments, for example, successful tissue growths were obtained when gentian violet 1 to 20,000 was used, yet Bacillus subtilis will not grow in 1 to 100,000 dilution and grows very badly in 1 to 1,000,000 dilution. This fact may simplify the technique of the growth of certain tissues by eliminating the risk of bacterial contamination. 3. The use of stains in the plasma in which tissue is grown will probably facilitate the study of nuclear growth. 4. Gentian violet appears to have a certain selective action on tissue similar to that exercised by the dye on bacteria. Certain observations made last year in this laboratory (too few to serve as more than a suggestion) seem to indicate that another dye (methylene blue) acted as a stimulant to the growth of connective tissue. These leads should be followed out and the effect of various stains studied in the hope of discovering dyes which will exercise a sharp selective action on growing tissue. 5. The growth of animal cells in a strength of dye much more than sufficient to kill many pathogenic organisms lends encouragement to efforts now being made in this laboratory to apply the observations on the bactericidal effect of gentian violet and allied stains to the treatment of disease. Moreover, the ability of growing cells to rid themselves of this dye would indicate that it may be possible to apply the dye to infected tissue and count on the cells to eliminate the material after its work had been done.
Stent-Associated Urinary Calculi
Authors: Jovo Bogdanovic, Jasenko Djozic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 54-year-old man was referred because of a 6-month history of lower urinary tract symptoms, microhematuria, and dull pain in the right flank. He had undergone shock-wave lithotripsy for the treatment of a 20-mm renal stone on the right side 12 years earlier. At that time, a double pigtail stent had been inserted after successful stone disintegration. However, the patient did not return for follow-up to have the stent removed. During the years after the stent placement, he had a few intermittent urinary infections. Plain radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder showed a calcified double pigtail stent (solid arrows) . . .
A human T cell clone that mediates the monocyte procoagulant response to specific sensitizing antigen.
Authors: B S Schwartz, P J Reitnauer, J A Hank, P M Sondel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

A panel of human purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacillus (PPD)-reactive T cell clones was derived by cloning out of soft agar followed by cultivation on inactivated feeder cells in the presence of interleukin-2. 1 of 4 clones tested was able to mediate an increase in monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) in response to PPD. All four clones had identical surface marker phenotypes (T4+, T8-) and proliferated in response to antigen. The reactive T cell clone possessed no PCA of its own, but upon being presented with PPD was able to instruct monocytes to increase their expression of PCA. Antigen presentation could be performed only by autologous monocytes; allogeneic monocytes from donors unrelated to the donor of the reactive clone could not present antigen to cells of the clone in a way that would initiate the procoagulant response. Cells of the reactive clone did not mediate increased monocyte PCA in response to Candida, even though peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the donor demonstrated increased PCA to both Candida and PPD. Thus, the PCA response to specific antigen can be mediated by a single clone of cells that shows specificity in the recognition of both antigen and antigen presenting cell.
Insulin secretion and its modulation by antiarrhythmic and sulfonylurea drugs
Authors: Minoru Horie, Ayako Ishida-Takahashi, Tomohiko Ai, Toshihisa Nishimoto, Yoshiyuki Tsuura, Hitoshi Ishida, Yutaka Seino, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Cardiovascular drugs such as antiarrhythmic agents with Vaughan Williams class Ia action have been found to induce a sporadic hypoglycemia. Recent investigation has revealed that these drugs induce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels in a manner similar to sulfonylurea drugs. The mechanism underlying block of KATP channels by antiarrhythmic drugs was different, however, from that of sulfonylureas: firstly, because binding of radioactive glibenclamide could not be inhibited by unlabelled antiarrhythmic agents, and vice versa; secondly, because the two compounds differ in the kinetics and sidedness of drug action—antiarrhythmic drugs act on the channel from the inner surface of the cell membrane, whereas glibenclamide binds through the intramembrane pathway; finally, it was shown that functional KATP channels in β-cells are composed of two distinct molecules—a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and a channel pore-forming subunit, an inwardly-rectifying K channel with two transmembrane regions (Kir6.2). Antiarrhythmic drugs reversibly inhibit the K+ conductance displayed by the Kir6.1 (a putative KATP channel clone)-transfected NIH3T3 cells. Therefore they appear to interact directly with the pore-forming subunit, thereby inhibiting KATP channel currents and exerting an insulinotrophic effect.
Answers and Questions About Ethics Consultations
Authors: Bernard Lo
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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1401 GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIES VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: E. Patin, Z. Kutalik, J. Guergnon, S. Bibert, B. Nalpas, E. Jouanguy, M. Munteanu, L. Bousquet, L. Argiro, P. Halfon, A. Boland, B. Mullhaupt, D. Semela, J.-F. Dufour, M.H. Heim, D. Moradpour, A. Cerny, R. Malmvemi, H. Hirsch, G. Martinetti, V. Suppiah, G. Stewart, D.R. Booth, J. George, J.-L. Casanova, C. Brechot, C.M. Rice, A.H. Talal, I.M. Jacobson, M. Bourliere, I. Theodorou, T. Poynard, F. Negro, S. Pol, L. Abel, P.-Y. Bochud
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)