tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tl-201 Accumulation in Telangiectases Secondary to Radiation Therapy
Authors: YAKUP YÜREKLI, HATICE DURAK, ENGIN ÖZBILEK, HILMI ALANYALI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Tl-201 imaging in a patient who had received radiation therapy for papillary carcinoma showed increased uptake in telangiectases in the neck area. There was no uptake at these sites with l-131. The Tl-201 findings may be related to nonspecific capillary radionuclide reduction.
Aberrant transcriptional regulation of the MLL fusion partner EEN by AML1-ETO and its implication in leukemogenesis
Authors: Li-Heng Ma, Han Liu, Hui Xiong, Bing Chen, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Yue-Ying Wang, Huang-Ying Le, Qiu-Hua Huang, Qing-Hua Zhang, Bo-Liang Li, Zhu Chen, Sai-Juan Chen
Journal: Blood (2006)
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 Regulates Mammary Tumor–Induced Osteolysis by Activating MMP9 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling at the Tumor-Bone Interface
Authors: Kalyan C. Nannuru, Mitsuru Futakuchi, Michelle L. Varney, Thomas M. Vincent, Eric G. Marcusson, Rakesh K. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tropism of breast cancer cells for bone and their tendency to induce an osteolytic phenotype are a result of interactions between breast cancer cells and stromal cells and are of paramount importance for bone metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that tumor-stromal interaction alters gene expression in malignant tumor cells and stromal cells creating a unique expression signature that promotes osteolytic breast cancer bone metastasis and that inhibition of such interactions can be developed as targeted therapeutics. Microarray analysis was performed to investigate gene expression profiling at the tumor-bone (TB) interface versus the tumor alone area from syngenic mice injected with three different syngenic mammary tumor cell lines that differ in their metastatic potential. We identified matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and integrins binding sialoprotein to be genes upregulated at the TB interface and validated. To determine the functional role of MMP13 in tumor-induced osteolysis, mice with Cl66 mammary tumors were treated with MMP13 antisense oligonucleotides (MMP13-ASO) or control scrambled oligonucleotides (control-ASO). Knockdown of MMP13 expression at the TB interface leads to significant reduction in bone destruction and in the number of activated osteoclasts at the TB interface. Further analysis to evaluate the mechanism of MMP13-dependent osteolytic bone metastasis revealed that MMP13-ASO treatment decreased active MMP9, RANKL levels, and transforming growth factor-β signaling at the TB interface. Together, our data indicate that upregulation of MMP13 at the TB interface is important in tumor-induced osteolysis and suggest that MMP13 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Res; 70(9); 3494–504. ©2010 AACR.
CSF lactic acid levels an aid to diagnosis
Authors: W. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In cases of suspected infection of the CNS, chemical analyses and differential cell counts of the CSF are helpful but not always decisive in differentiating between a bacterial and a viral etiology. Gram's stains and cultures are negative in 10% to 30% of cases, especially when antibiotic therapy has been started before lumbar puncture is done. Recent reports, however, indicate that a simple rapid test, determination of the level of lactic acid in the CSF, can accurately discriminate between the two causes of meningitis. The test can also aid in differentiating between two forms of monoarticular arthritis. In one investigation, physicians at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital in Los Angeles studied 97 patients with a tentative diagnosis of infection of the CNS, based on the presence of fever and neurological signs (<i>J Infect Diseases</i>137:384-390, 1978). For all patients, the CSF was analyzed for number of WBCs and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Hepatitis Associated With Ranitidine
Authors: David Jack
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Hepatitis possibly caused by ranitidine has been reported but is seemingly rare. 1 Hepatic toxicity is also infrequently associated with cimetidine, another H 2 -receptor antagonist. 2 I wish to report apparent hepatitis in a patient after two weeks of treatment with ranitidine for esophageal reflux.  Report of a Case.—  A 50-year-old woman was seen with a two-year history of retrosternal burning pain, bloating, and regurgitation of food not relieved by antacid and elevation of the head of her bed. Two months prior to this visit a course of cimetidine had provided symptomatic benefit. A small hiatal hernia was now demonstrated on upper gastrointestinal tract series. Ranitidine, 150 mg, was given because the patient expressed a preference for twice-a-day dosing afforded by this drug. Fifteen days later she experienced an illness characterized by marked malaise, weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, and steady pain in the right upper portion
Illnesses Causing Dementia in the Very Elderly
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Understanding the twin phenomena of aging and the dementing illnesses common in old age is a challenge to clinicians and investigators. Alzheimer's disease has now garnered the most attention as the predominant cause of dementia. Not long ago, a major effort of medical and lay education was to counter the myth that dementia -- or a global decline in intellectual ability sufficient to produce functional disability -- was a normal accompaniment of aging1. Another myth that stood for seven decades after Alzheimer's work2 was that the gradual narrowing of cerebral blood vessels somehow damaged the neurons and caused dementia, . . .
A Sensitive Method for Assay of Plasma Renin Activity
Authors: MICHAEL R. LEE, WILLIAM F. COOK, JOHN K. MCKENZIE
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Renin activity is separated from rabbit plasma by globulin precipitation, dialysis, and DEAE cellulose column chromatography with a Tris chloride buffer system and acid elution, followed by ultrafiltration. The plasma renin extract contains no renin substrate and no angiotensinase activity can be detected after incubation with angiotensin for 200 hr. Incubation with a known concentration of rabbit renin substrate, similarly free of renin activity and angiotensinase, at pH 6.0 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer forms angiotensin-like activity at a constant rate for up to 200 hr. Recovery and reproducibility are satisfactory. Evidence is presented that the material in the plasma extract behaves similarly to renin and that the incubation product is indistinguishable from angiotensin.
MEDICAL PROGRAM FOR THE BOXING INDUSTRY
Authors: Frank R. Ferlaino
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Prize fighting is one of the oldest and most hazardous of the trades,<sup>1</sup>and the risks involved have changed little in thousands of years. American medicine has paid slight attention to boxing. In almost all other dangerous occupations, medicine has instituted health conservation and accident prevention measures. Some industries at first were not eager to accept medical safety programs, and some had to be compelled to do so by legislation. Boxing as an industry has not appreciated the advantages of a sound medical program, and medical reforms in this industry are long overdue. Three channels exist through which reform can come: federal legislation, state legislation, or self-regulation by the National Boxing Association. Following is a brief exposition of the attempt in New York to bring about medical reform. The New York State Legislature in April, 1948, created a Medical Advisory Board<sup>2</sup>to the state athletic commission to consist
Acute Pancreatitis — Never Leave a Stone Unturned
Authors: William M. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ACUTE idiopathic pancreatitis, which accounts for 10 to 30 percent of cases of acute pancreatitis in most series, remains a frustrating problem. Before the diagnosis of acute idiopathic pancreatitis is made, a thorough search for disorders known to be associated with pancreatitis should be undertaken. The two most common causes are alcoholism and gallstones. Alcoholism is diagnosed by history, and gallstones by a combination of demographic characteristics (female sex and older age), laboratory findings (increased serum concentrations of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin), and radiography (ultrasonography and oral cholecystography). The finding of gallstones usually leads to cholecystectomy because of the . . .
Abstract B13: Modeling BRAF inhibitor resistance in genetically engineered mouse models of melanoma
Authors: Lawrence N. Kwong, Shan Jiang, Lynda Chin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma poses a serious clinical challenge to this otherwise potent therapy. Acquired resistance has been shown to arise from a wide variety of genetic and epigenetic sources including NRAS or MEK mutations, elevated PDGFRB or IGF1R levels, and BRAF splice variants. Many of these mechanisms were discovered in vitro and validated in patients, demonstrating the faithfulness of cell culture data. Nevertheless, cell culture may not be able to capture all sources of resistance, particularly if they involve interaction with the stroma. We have therefore undertaken the generation of de novo BRAF inhibitor resistance in a novel mouse model of melanoma, the iBIP (inducible Braf, Ink/Arf, Pten) model. Similar to existing BRAF mouse models, topical tamoxifen restricts BRAFV600E expression and PTEN loss to targeted melanocytes. The added utility of this model is the ability to extinguish BRAF transgene expression via withdrawal of doxycycline from the diet. We show that the molecular profile and tumor regression phentoype of BRAF inhibitor treatment in this model faithfully mirrors genetic BRAF extinction. Treatment with the BRAF inhibitor caused stable and complete tumor regression. However, long-term treatment with the inhibitor failed to generate de novo resistant melanomas. We hypothesized that the relatively stable mouse genome was not generating potentially resistance-conferring mutations or alterations at a fast enough rate. We therefore generated genomic instability in the iBIP model by crossing it onto a telomerase-deficient background. Melanomas in this model acquired resistance at a rate of approximately 30% after a short interval of sensitivity. Currently, characterization of these tumors is being carried out, including whole-exon sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Preliminary aCGH data show a recurrent, whole-chromosome gain in two resistant tumors that is not present in untreated or sensitive tumors. Other efforts are focused on generating a large bank of resistant tumors, checking cross-resistance among BRAF inhibitors, and identifying any stromal and immune changes. This in vivo model of acquired BRAF inhibitor resistance provides an important complement to known resistance mechanisms and may also serve as a preclinical platform to test anti-resistance countertherapies.
A Multicolor Panel of Novel Lentiviral “Gene Ontology” (LeGO) Vectors for Functional Gene Analysis
Authors: Kristoffer Weber, Udo Bartsch, Carol Stocking, Boris Fehse
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Functional gene analysis requires the possibility of overexpression, as well as downregulation of one, or ideally several, potentially interacting genes. Lentiviral vectors are well suited for this purpose as they ensure stable expression of complementary DNAs (cDNAs), as well as short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and can efficiently transduce a wide spectrum of cell targets when packaged within the coat proteins of other viruses. Here we introduce a multicolor panel of novel lentiviral "gene ontology" (LeGO) vectors designed according to the "building blocks" principle. Using a wide spectrum of different fluorescent markers, including drug-selectable enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)- and dTomato-blasticidin-S resistance fusion proteins, LeGO vectors allow simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and shRNAs of interest within single, easily identifiable cells. Furthermore, each functional module is flanked by unique cloning sites, ensuring flexibility and individual optimization. The efficacy of these vectors for analyzing multiple genes in a single cell was demonstrated in several different cell types, including hematopoietic, endothelial, and neural stem and progenitor cells, as well as hepatocytes. LeGO vectors thus represent a valuable tool for investigating gene networks using conditional ectopic expression and knock-down approaches simultaneously. Functional gene analysis requires the possibility of overexpression, as well as downregulation of one, or ideally several, potentially interacting genes. Lentiviral vectors are well suited for this purpose as they ensure stable expression of complementary DNAs (cDNAs), as well as short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and can efficiently transduce a wide spectrum of cell targets when packaged within the coat proteins of other viruses. Here we introduce a multicolor panel of novel lentiviral "gene ontology" (LeGO) vectors designed according to the "building blocks" principle. Using a wide spectrum of different fluorescent markers, including drug-selectable enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)- and dTomato-blasticidin-S resistance fusion proteins, LeGO vectors allow simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and shRNAs of interest within single, easily identifiable cells. Furthermore, each functional module is flanked by unique cloning sites, ensuring flexibility and individual optimization. The efficacy of these vectors for analyzing multiple genes in a single cell was demonstrated in several different cell types, including hematopoietic, endothelial, and neural stem and progenitor cells, as well as hepatocytes. LeGO vectors thus represent a valuable tool for investigating gene networks using conditional ectopic expression and knock-down approaches simultaneously.
Prognosticators of Persistent Symptoms Following Pediatric Concussion
Authors: Roger L. Zemek, Ken J. Farion, Margaret Sampson, Candice McGahern
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of persistent concussion symptoms (PCS) in children following concussion. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to April 2012. STUDY SELECTION A systematic review of the literature to identify prognosticators of PCS following pediatric concussion was conducted. Studies evaluating patients aged 2 years to 18 years with PCS were eligible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of clinically available factors with PCS development. RESULTS A literature search yielded 824 records; 561 remained after removal of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in descriptive analysis; heterogeneity precluded a meta-analysis. Larger prospective studies concluded that the risk for PCS was increased in older children with loss of consciousness, headache, and/or nausea/vomiting. Smaller studies noted that initial dizziness may predict PCS. Patients with premorbid conditions (eg, previous head injury, learning difficulties, or behavioral problems) may also have increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Minimal, and at times contradictory, evidence exists to associate clinically available factors with eventual development of PCS in children. Future trials must be adequately powered to determine which variables best predict the time to full symptom resolution. Expert consensus should delineate which postconcussion assessment measures are preferred to reduce heterogeneity going forward. Research to improve care for the epidemic of pediatric concussion depends on early identification of those most in need of intervention.
ANTIBODY STUDIES IN RABBIT ENCEPHALOMYELITIS INDUCED BY A WATER-SOLUBLE PROTEIN FRACTION OF RABBIT CORD
Authors: Robert F. Kibler, Arthur E. Barnes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

A water-soluble protein fraction of nervous tissue was prepared by extraction of rabbit spinal cord with sodium citrate at pH 4.3. Characterization by nitrogen content and paper electrophoresis showed it to be a mixture of basic proteins. This extract demonstrated encephalitogenic activity when injected into rabbits. The most suitable technique for the measurement of serum antibody to the rabbit cord antigen proved to be the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes by 40 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate. Antibody could not be demonstrated by the techniques of complement fixation, quantitative precipitation, and Ouchterlony plates. The early appearance of circulating antibody occurred almost exclusively in rabbits that subsequently developed EAE. Specificity of the antibodies for nervous tissue was demonstrated by appropriate blocking and adsorption experiments.
Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
Authors: D. J. Barker, C. Osmond, J. Golding, D. Kuh, M. E. Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In national samples of 9921 10 year olds and 3259 adults in Britain systolic blood pressure was inversely related to birth weight. The association was independent of gestational age and may therefore be attributed to reduced fetal growth. This suggests that the intrauterine environment influences blood pressure during adult life. It is further evidence that the geographical differences in average blood pressure and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Britain partly reflect past differences in the intrauterine environment. Within England and Wales 10 year olds living in areas with high cardiovascular mortality were shorter and had higher resting pulse rates than those living in other areas. Their mothers were also shorter and had higher diastolic blood pressures. This suggests that there are persisting geographical differences in the childhood environment that predispose to differences in cardiovascular mortality.
Treatment of Infections Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Aaron E. Glatt, Keith Chirgwin, Sheldon H. Landesman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), induces the progressive, time-dependent destruction of the T4 lymphocyte, a cell that is central to the integrity of the cellular immune system. Infections against which cellular immune mechanisms play an important defensive part therefore occur with markedly increased frequency in patients with severe HIV disease. Twelve of these infections were included in the initial definition of AIDS; however, the range of biologic agents capable of infecting persons with the disease is now known to be much broader, as has been recognized by recent modifications in the definition . . .
Obliteration of Pain at the Site of Reference by Intradermal Infiltration Anesthesia in First-Stage Labor
Authors: Archie A. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

FOR many decades obstetricians have concerned themselves with finding newer drugs and combinations of drugs to alleviate the pain of the first stage of labor. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a method of relief of pain based on interference with the viscerosensory reflex. According to Reynolds,1 "Our present knowledge of the uterine innervation consists of numerous facts, many of which appear to be contradictory." The focal point of the uterine innervation is the pelvic plexuses, which supply the viscera of the pelvic cavity and are situated at the sides of the rectum and the vagina. They are . . .
Gonoccocal ophthalmia neonatorum caused by beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Authors: R Pang, L B Teh, V S Rajan, E H Sng
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Intracranial section of the glossopharyngeal and upper roots of the vagus nerves has been recommended, the cardiac dysrhythmia being controlled with atropine, isoprenaline, or transvenous pacemaker.Carbamazepine is known to relieve the pain of uncomplicated glossopharyngeal neuralgia.2In our first patient the combination of carbamazepine and demand pacemaker abolished both pain and syncope within hours.The pacemaker was later withdrawn.In the second patient both neuralgia and syncope were suppressed by carbamazepine for one year.By its inhibitory effect or. brain stem reflex activity carbamazepine appears not only to be an effective treatment for the pain of glosso- pharyngeal neuralgia but also to control the more dangerous brady- cardia and asystole.
Increased plasma transferrin, altered body iron distribution, and microcytic hypochromic anemia in ferrochelatase-deficient mice
Authors: Saïd Lyoumi, Marie Abitbol, Valérie Andrieu, Dominique Henin, Elodie Robert, Caroline Schmitt, Laurent Gouya, Hubert de Verneuil, Jean-Charles Deybach, Xavier Montagutelli, Carole Beaumont, Hervé Puy
Journal: Blood (2006)
Lung Morphometry after Repetitive Antenatal Glucocorticoid Treatment in Preterm Sheep
Authors: KAREN E. WILLET, ALAN H. JOBE, MACHIKO IKEGAMI, JANA KOVAR, PETER D. SLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Antenatal glucocorticoids are thought to be less effective when delivery occurs more than 7 d after initiation of treatment; therefore, repeat courses are often administered. We examined lung structure after single or repetitive antenatal glucocorticoid injections in fetal sheep. Pregnant ewes received single or repetitive doses of 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone at 7-d intervals by maternal or fetal injection, beginning at D104 or D114 with delivery at D125, D135, or D146 gestation (term = 150 d). Changes in lung structure were more pronounced after repetitive versus single injections. Repetitive fetal or maternal injections beginning at D104 (delivery at D125) resulted in comparable structural changes: alveolar volume increased by 50 to 80%, alveolar numerical density decreased by 30 to 40%, and pleural and interlobular septal volumes decreased by as much as 70%. Similar changes were seen in animals delivered at D135 after repetitive maternal injections beginning at D114. There were no structural differences between control and repetitive betamethasone animals when delivery was delayed until D146, indicating that betamethasone induced structural changes were reversible.
Glaucoma; Chemistry, Mechanisms and Therapy
Authors: Peter C. Kronfeld
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In the first half of the book the author reviews the chemistry of the aqueous humor and the likely processes by which plasma constituents become aqueous constituents. He shows that steady-state ratios and accumulation rates of isotope electrolytes in the aqueous lead to the conclusion that at least one aqueous constituent—probably the sodium ion—is actively transported from the blood into the posterior chamber. The high ascorbic acid content of the aqueous may be due to local synthesis. In addition to unidirectional transfer, that is, secretion, there is bidirectional, or back and forth, diffusional movement of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. The combined chemical processes create a pressure head in the posterior chamber that causes a bulk flow of aqueous of a magnitude of 2 to 3 μl. per minute. The morphology of the outflow channels is reviewed in considerable detail. The author is not an enthusiastic proponent of tonography. He may be
Draft bill on libel reform fails to ensure swifter and cheaper resolution of cases
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United Kingdom government’s draft bill to reform the libel laws in England and Wales does not go far enough and will do little to tackle the problem of unacceptably high costs, concludes a cross party committee of peers and MPs set up to scrutinise the bill before legislation.

The committee of both houses of parliament says the draft defamation bill fails to confront the high costs and uncertainty about outcomes that are said to be the key factors chilling free speech.

The bill makes some changes to the law and codifies some parts of the existing case law in statutory form, but the committee …