tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of Pressure Recovery for the Assessment of Aortic Stenosis by Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Julia Niederberger, Heinrich Schima, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Pressure recovery has been shown to occur distal to aortic stenoses in experimental and clinical studies. However, its clinical relevance in this setting has not yet been evaluated. Methods and Results To address the hypothesis that pressure recovery can cause significant differences between Doppler and catheter gradients in aortic stenosis and to examine the effects of aortic size, aortic valve area, and direction of the stenotic jet on these differences, stenoses with valve areas from 0.5 to 1.25 cm 2 and aortic diameters from 1.8 to 5.0 cm were studied in a pulsatile flow model. Jets entered the aorta centrally or eccentrically with angles of 15°, 30°, or 45°. Overall, good correlation was found between Doppler and catheter gradients. However, when the various combinations of orifices and aortas were analyzed separately, slopes varied from 1.0 to 1.86, and the Doppler-catheter gradient differences ranged from −2 (small valve area with a large aorta) to 66 mm Hg (80% overestimation by Doppler echocardiography) when the stenosis was moderate and the aorta was small. Mild eccentricity of the jet did not significantly alter the results. However, overestimation by Doppler decreased with increasing jet eccentricity. Finally, differences between Doppler and catheter gradients could be predicted by estimating pressure recovery from Doppler measurements. Conclusions Significant pressure recovery can occur in aortic stenosis and can cause differences between Doppler and catheter gradients. These differences may reach clinical relevance, particularly when the stenosis is moderate and the aorta is small and can be predicted from Doppler measurements.
Undetected Tuberculosis in Prison
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Discovery of two cases of infectious tuberculosis in a state prison in 1976 prompted a careful study of the entire population of 1,500. Eight more cases were found, giving a morbidity of 670/100,000 (arkansas rate, 21.1). The epidemic was aborted by the use of isoniazid and the establishment of a program for screening and periodic retesting. Clear evidence was found for intramural spread of the infection, and eight of 16 persons with clinical tuberculosis from 1975 to 1977 had entered the prison uninfected. Nine percent of 800 men with tuberculosis in Arkansas from 1972 through 1977 had "done time" in this particular prison. In January 1978 a child died of tuberculosis transmitted from a former inmate who had been infected while incarcerated in 1976 but released without therapy. Tuberculosis morbidity was 6.5 times greater in state prisons than in the general population.
The mitochondrial permeability transition and the calcium, oxygen and pH paradoxes: one paradox after another
Authors: J Lemasters
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

See article by Ban et al. [3] (pages 556–567) in this issue. 

In the calcium paradox, Ca2+-free incubation produces Na+ loading of cardiac myocytes largely mediated by Na+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels. Subsequent exposure to normal extracellular Ca2+ activates sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange operating in the reverse mode. As a consequence, cytosolic free Ca2+ rapidly increases causing an abrupt and apparently irreversible contracture of the myocytes [1]. The calcium paradox has many parallels to the oxygen paradox of anoxia/reoxygenation and ischemia/reperfusion injuries where Na+ loading occurs during anoxia/ischemia, which is followed by Ca2+ overload and irreversible contracture after reoxygenation/reperfusion [2].

The interesting and provocative paper by Ban et al. in this issue of Cardiovascular Research [3] addresses mitochondrial changes occurring during the calcium paradox. After Ca2+ repletion following a Ca2+-free incubation, mitochondria of isolated guinea pig cardiac myocytes depolarized completely after a delay of 60–90 s. This event was accompanied by oxidation of mitochondrial NAD(P)H and hydrolysis of ATP, the latter measured indirectly by an increase of free Mg2+. Mg2+ forms a chelate with ATP but not ADP or AMP and thus free Mg2+ increases and decreases as ATP hydrolysis and resynthesis occur in models of anoxia/reoxygenation [4,5]. Taken together, the findings of Ban et al. [3] signify a massive uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Such uncoupling represents a devastating metabolic disruption since uncoupled mitochondria not only fail to synthesize ATP but also actively hydrolyze ATP. This cellular state of affairs is worse than having no mitochondria at all [6].

Why does mitochondrial uncoupling occur? Ban et al. [3] address two hypotheses. The first is that Ca2+ overload causes futile energy-dissipating mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling. This cycling … 

* Tel.: +1-919-966-5507; fax: +1-919-966-1856 lemaster{at}med.unc.edu
Septal Defect Related to Intrauterine Hypothermia
Authors: Theodore L. Munsat
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recent reports suggest that the effect of hypothermia on the unborn child is relatively benign both in humans<sup>1-4</sup>and in animals. However, no report of a long-term evaluation of a child subjected to hypothermia in utero has been made. The present case report records a five-year follow-up of a child subjected to 69 hours of induced hypothermia (29.8 to 32 C) at 12 to 14 weeks of fetal life. The child was eventually found to have a ventricular septal cardiac defect. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 19-year-old single Oriental woman was brought to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) emergency room, comatose. On the day of admission, a friend attempted an abortion by inserting a rectal tube into the vagina and blowing forcefully through the tube several times. The patient became suddenly unresponsive. At the emergency room she had a temperature of 37 C, pulse
ggbio: an R package for extending the grammar of graphics for genomic data
Authors: Tengfei Yin, Dianne Cook, Michael Lawrence
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstract We introduce ggbio, a new methodology to visualize and explore genomics annotationsand high-throughput data. The plots provide detailed views of genomic regions,summary views of sequence alignments and splicing patterns, and genome-wide overviewswith karyogram, circular and grand linear layouts. The methods leverage thestatistical functionality available in R, the grammar of graphics and the datahandling capabilities of the Bioconductor project. The plots are specified within amodular framework that enables users to construct plots in a systematic way, and aregenerated directly from Bioconductor data structures. The ggbio R package isavailable at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/2.11/bioc/html/ggbio.html .
L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Is a Novel Independent Poor Prognostic Factor of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shengjin Li, Young Suk Jo, Jae-Hyek Lee, Jeong-Ki Min, Eung Seuk Lee, Taewoo Park, Jin-Man Kim, Hyo Jeong Hong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Cholangiocarcinomas (CC) are associated with poor survival, but diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets have not yet been elucidated. We previously found aberrant expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule in intrahepatic CC and a role for L1 in the progression of intrahepatic CC. Here, we analyzed L1 expression in extrahepatic CC (ECC) and evaluated its prognostic significance. Experimental Design: We examined L1 expression in tumors from 75 ECC patients by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the correlations between L1 expression and clinicopathologic factors as well as patient survival. Results: L1 was not expressed in normal extrahepatic bile duct epithelium but was aberrantly expressed in 42.7% of ECC tumors. High expression of L1 was detected at the invasive front of tumors and was significantly associated with perineural invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Univariate analysis indicated that various prognostic factors such as histologic grade 3, advanced pathologic T stage and clinical stage, perineural invasion, nodal metastasis, and high expression of L1 were risk factors predicting patient survival. Multivariate analyses done by Cox's proportional hazards model showed that high expression of L1 (hazard ratio, 2.171; 95% confidence interval, 1.162-4.055; P = 0.015) and nodal metastasis (hazard ratio, 2.088; 95% confidence interval, 1.159-3.764; P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for patient death. Conclusions: L1 was highly expressed in 42.7% of ECC and its expression was significantly associated with perineural invasion. High expression of L1 and nodal metastasis were independent poor prognostic factors predicting overall survival in patients with ECC. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7345–51)
Toxicity of Diethyltoluamide-Containing Insect Repellents
Authors: M. H. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Sept 18, 1987, issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Dr Tenenbein<sup>1</sup>presented five cases of ingestion of<i>N,N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent that resulted in hypotension, seizures, coma, and, in two instances, death. <h3>Study.</h3> —To compare the absorption characteristics of DEET applied topically vs DEET ingested, we measured the blood levels of DEET in man following excessive dermal application. Two volunteers applied DEET (148 mg/kg) to 75% of their body surface, resulting in a total dose of 10 to 12 g. We determined blood levels of DEET using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.<sup>2</sup>Maximum DEET blood concentrations were 0.0045 mmol/L (0.087 mg/dL) and 0.0048 mmol/L (0.092 mg/dL), respectively. The mean residence times (elimination period for 63% of dose) were 4.1 and 5.5 hours, respectively, as determined from the blood concentration— time curves. Beyond six hours, blood DEET levels were undetectable. No symptoms resulted from these
Use of creatine kinase for detecting severe X-linked muscular dystrophy carriers.
Authors: N R Dennis, K Evans, B Clayton, C O Carter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Women thought to be at risk of being carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were given "odds" against their having an affected child. These were calcuated from a combination of the genetic risk from the family history and an estimation of the biochemical risk from measuring the serum creatine kinase concentration. The women were told the actual risk estimate and it was put into perspective for them as a high, medium, or low risk. Of 25 women at high risk six have had children, all girls; the two in the medium-risk group have had no children; and the 46 women at low risk have had 19 boys and 25 girls. None of the boys has the disease. With detailed counselling most potential carriers of this disease reach decisions in child bearing that are in line with their degree of risk.
REPORT OF A CASE OF PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER.
Authors: R. C. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Robert B., aged 57, a farmer, and native of Switzerland, entered the St. Louis City Hospital March 3, 1899, giving the following history: He had always enjoyed good health, suffering only with the minor ailments of childhood, and with an attack of double pleurisy at the age of 20. His family history was negative. He was accustomed to drinking on an average, five glasses of beer daily, and a small one of whisky early in the morning. He had smoked a pipe incessantly from 12 years of age. He denied having had syphilis, and has never been injured. The malady that ultimately caused his death began about two years ago, at which time, while laboring in the field he was suddenly seized with an excruciating pain in the pit of the stomach, the right side of the chest and the right shoulder, which compelled him to stop his work and
THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE SHAFT OF THE FEMUR.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: LEWELLYN ELIOT
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our chairman having paid the high compliment of assigning the subject of the "Treatment of Fractures of the Shaft of the Femur" to me, I shall, within the time allotted, place my views before the Section in the briefest possible manner. The causes, the symptoms and the diagnoses of fracture of the femur being entirely foreign to my subject, no mention will be made of them. We shall likewise exclude from consideration all fractures of the femur not located between the lesser trochanter and the condyles. Although every variety of fracture is found in this bone, the transverse and the oblique are the most frequent; these fractures may be either simple, comminuted or compound. Having made our diagnosis, we must have the patient's bed arranged so as to allow permanent and continuous traction to be employed. This traction, in the case of adults, may be effected, after the proper adjustment
Host-Parasite Interaction among Infections Caused by Escherichia Coli.
Authors: Kenneth L. Vosti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Host-Parasite Interaction among Infections Caused by Escherichia Coli.Kenneth L. Vosti, M.D., Leonard M. Goldberg, M.D., Lowell A. Rantz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Kenneth L. Vosti, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leonard M. Goldberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lowell A. Rantz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-810_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe ability to serologically identify some 140 different O groups has greatly facilitated the study of host-parasite interaction with infections due to E. coli. We studied 277 patients with infections of the urinary tract, blood, or other extra-intestinal sites. Our experience reveals that O groups 1, 4, 6, 25, 50, and 75 account for 60 to 70 per cent of the groupable strains among extra-intestinal specimens from diseased patients. Feces was the reservoir among 80% of patients with urinary tract infection: 66% of fecal specimens from diseased patients contained at least one of the common serogroups in contrast wih only... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 810-810KeywordsBloodEscherichia coliEscherichia coli infectionsUrinary tract infections Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mithramycin and Long Remission of Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: WILL G. RYAN, THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, E. W. FORDHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1980Mithramycin and Long Remission of Paget's Disease of BoneWILL G. RYAN, M.D., THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., E. W. FORDHAM, M.D.WILL G. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. W. FORDHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-129_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Slightly more than a decade has passed since we reported the effects of mithramycin on Paget's disease of bone (1). During that interval we have used mithramycin in the treatment of over 150 patients with the malady and have found it uniformly effective in suppression of both objective and subjective signs of activity of the disease (2). Despite these results the drug has not come into widespread use for this disorder largely because of concern about its serious side effects. Because of the effectiveness and more benign nature of the diphosphonates (sodium etidronate) and calcitonins (synthetic salmon...References1. RYANSCHWARTZPERLIA WTC. Effects of mithramycin on Paget's disease of bone. Ann Intern Med. 1969;70:549-57. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RYANSCHWARTZNORTHROP WTG. Experiences in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone with mithramycin. JAMA. 1970;213:1153-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KHAIRIALTMANDEROSAZIMMERMANNSCHENKJOHNSTON MRGJRC. Sodium etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone: a study of long-term results. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87:656-63. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILL G. RYAN, M.D.; THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D.; E. W. FORDHAM, M.D.Affiliations: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGuidelines on the management of Paget’s disease of bone*Paget's Disease of BoneTwo Decades of Experience in the Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone with Plicamycin (Mithramycin)Apparent cure of Paget's disease of boneMithramycin and Paget's Disease RevisitedWILL G. RYAN, M.D., E.W. FORDHAM, M.D.Mithramycin treatment of pacet's disease of bone exploration of combined mithramycin-ehdp therapy 1 January 1980Volume 92, Issue 1Page: 129-130KeywordsAdverse reactionsBoneCalcitoninSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
EXTIRPATION AND COLOTOMY IN CASES OF CANCER OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: LEWIS H. ADLER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Colotomy and extirpation are two recognized procedures for the relief of malignant disease of the rectum. Both operations offer to the patient a chance of prolonging life; and, in addition, extirpation holds out the possibility of effecting a radical cure, in selected cases. The choice between these two methods is a question of uncertainty only in a relatively small group of cases, and extirpation is not to be considered in the majority of instances, for the reason that the disease is usually an incurable malady, and by virtue of its concealed position within the rectum its presence is not revealed or even suspected until the growth has existed for some time. Furthermore, it is rare for cancer of the rectum in its incipiency, to manifest itself by any symptom pointing to a lesion within the bowel. This is a familiar observation to all surgeons. It frequently happens that a patient
Is it time to rethink mobile medical teams?
Authors: Edward M Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I n the United Kingdom the members of mobile medical teams that are deployed in the event of major incidents such as terrorist attacks are likely to be anaesthetic, general surgical, or orthopaedic trainees who are already on call. Two years ago a questionnaire was sent to 107 trainees in one NHS trust who had a potential role in a mobile medical team ( BMJ 2003;326: 762). Of the 77 who replied, just 11 knew what to do in that role, and none felt they were adequately trained. This lack of knowledge and training is not confined to one trust.

The NHS's guidance Planning for Major Incidents (revised after this article was written and shortly before it went to press) describes provision of on-site medical care and advice as one of five key roles and responsibilities for acute trusts in major incidents. It states that supplying a trained, equipped, and exercised team is essential. The only advice the guidance gives for teams is that protective clothing should be …
The cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a skin lymphocyte homing receptor for the vascular lectin endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1.
Authors: E L Berg, T Yoshino, L S Rott, M K Robinson, R A Warnock, T K Kishimoto, L J Picker, E C Butcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

A skin-associated population of memory T lymphocytes, defined by expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), binds selectively and avidly to the vascular lectin endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), an interaction that may be involved in targeting of CLA+ T cells to cutaneous sites of chronic inflammation. Here we present evidence that CLA itself is the (or a) lymphocyte homing receptor for ELAM-1. Antigen isolated with anti-CLA monoclonal antibody HECA-452 from human tonsillar lysates avidly binds ELAM-1 transfected mouse cells. Anti-CLA antibody blocks T lymphocyte binding to ELAM-1 transfectants. HECA-452 and ELAM-1 binding to lymphocytes or to isolated tonsillar HECA-452 antigen is abrogated by neuraminidase treatment implying a prominent role for sialic acid in CLA structure and function. The dominant form of CLA on T cells is immunologically distinct from the major neutrophil ELAM-1 ligand, the sialyl Lewis x (sLex) antigen (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc), which is absent, weakly expressed, or masked on T cells. However, neuraminidase treatment of CLA+ T cells, but not of CLA- T cells, reveals Lewis x (CD15) structures. In combination with the known requirement for terminal NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal and fucose residues attached to N-acetylglucosamine for ELAM-1 and HECA-452 binding, this finding suggests that CLA may comprise an additionally sialylated or otherwise modified form of sLex. The identification of a lymphocyte homing receptor for skin may permit novel approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of cutaneous and inflammatory disorders.
S60 Mesenchymal stem cells expressing TRAIL induce apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: E. Sage, K. Kolluri, A. Giangreco, S. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive fatal cancer caused by asbestos exposure. Current treatments are ineffective with an average survival of 4–18 months. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate to tumours and incorporate into tumour stroma making them good vehicles for the delivery of anti-cancer therapies. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a transmembrane protein that selectively induces apoptosis in malignant cells without affecting healthy tissues. In this study I tested the hypothesis that MSCs modified to express TRAIL (MSCTRAIL) would cause MPM cell death. <h3>Methods</h3> Human MSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing TRAIL IRES-GFP under the control of a tetracycline dependent promoter. Successful transduction was measured using flow cytometry and immunoblotting. The biological activity of MSCTRAIL was determined using co-culture experiments. 5×10<sup>5</sup> MPM cells were stained withDiI and plated with 5×10<sup>5</sup> MSCTRAIL cells. After 24 h doxycycline (10 μg/ml) was added to induce TRAIL production and left for 48 h. Both cells and supernatant were collected and stained with Annexin V and DAPI to detect apoptosis and death respectively onflow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> MSCs were successfully transduced with TRAIL with 96% showing GFP positivity on flow cytometry. Seven human MPM cell lines were tested with 6/7 (86%) being sensitive to MSCTRAIL. JU77 was highly sensitive with an increase in apoptosis from 10.32±2.34 to 48.73±4.3 (percentage ± SEM, p≤0.0001), while MSTO-211H and ONE 58 showed increases from 3.46±0.81to 27.68±1.1 and 8.92±0.05 to 32.93±1.08 respectively (p≤0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> MSCs can be successfully transduced to produce TRAIL and can induce significant levels of apoptosis in the majority of MPM cell lines tested.
Platelet-associated autoantibodies as detected by a solid-phase modified antigen capture ELISA test (MACE) are a useful prognostic factor in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Fabrizio Fabris, Raffaella Scandellari, Elisabetta Ruzzon, Maria Luigia Randi, Guido Luzzatto, Antonio Girolami
Journal: Blood (2004)