tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Did australopithecines (or early <i>Homo</i>) sling?
Authors: Karen R. Rosenberg, Roberta M. Golinkoff, Jennifer M. Zosh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Two arguments are critiqued here. The first is that hominin mothers “parked” their offspring; the evidence does not support that position. The second is that motherese developed to control the behavior of nonambulatory infants. However, Falk's case is stronger if we apply it to children who are already walking and more likely to be influenced by verbal information.
Surgical treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
Authors: Paul F. Gryska
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Directed to the practitioner, this book offers an up-to-date summary of contemporary opinion on practically all forms of vascular disease seen in practice. There will, necessarily, be disagreement with some of the authors' opinions as to methods of management in a variety of the conditions mentioned. This should not detract one whit from the over-all value of the book for the basic descriptions of the disease entities and the modern attitude toward them. Most of the differences, from the reviewer's viewpoint, are in technical detail. The section of "Physiology of Peripheral Circulation" is detailed, perhaps overly so, for the average physician. A superficial knowledge of the many factors discussed is essential to proper understanding and treatment of the individual patient's problems, however. I was particularly interested in the frequent mention of a lack of the segmental nature of atherosclerosis, since it has been felt by many in the last decade
Angiotensin II enhances carotid body chemoreflex control of sympathetic outflow in chronic heart failure rabbits
Authors: Y LI, X XIA, H ZHENG, L GAO, Y LI, D LIU, K PATEL, W WANG, H SCHULTZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objectives We investigated whether Angiotensin II (Ang II) modulates peripheral chemoreflex function through carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors in chronic heart failure (CHF).
TCT-578 First-in-human Evaluation of a Novel Sirolimus-eluting Stent with a Bioabsorbable Polymer for the Treatment of Single, De Novo, Non-complex Coronary Lesions
Authors: Erlon de Abreu-Silva, RICARDO COSTA, SAMEER DANI, Mirela Lima, HASIT JOSHI, JAY SHAH, RASHMIT PANDYA, Alexandre Abizaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer: Clinical Management and Chemotherapy
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The clinician who treats gastrointestinal neoplasms has had a long frustrating flirtation with the chemotherapy doxy. This book memorializes the encounters and encompasses the treatment regimens and the clinical investigations of cancer chemotherapy at the Mayo Clinic in more than 1,300 patients. In the first part the clinical management of advanced gastrointestinal cancer is discussed in 69 pages; the second somewhat longer part reviews the experience of the Mayo Clinic in the chemotherapy of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. The first section is short but good, and the best chapters are written by Dr. Moertel himself, that on symptomatic and supportive management, for example, being particularly wholesome. Other aspects of cancer care are much less thoroughly covered. The place of chemotherapy is well summarized: It is doubtful also that today's chemotherapeutic approaches to gastrointestinal carcinoma have any place in the routine practice of clinical medicine.... [but]... the patient may be
Comparison by Computerized Numeric Modeling of Energy Losses in Different Fontan Connections
Authors: Jean-Marie Van Haesdonck, Luc Mertens, Renaud Sizaire, Gilberto Montas, Bruno Purnode, Wim Daenen, Marcel Crochet, Marc Gewillig
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Different surgical techniques for creating a Fontan circulation can be used. The option of including an atrium in the circuit, or the technique used for connecting the caval veins to the pulmonary artery in a total cavopulmonary connection, frequently is empirical and is based on personal experience and preference. The hemodynamic and energetic differences between the different circuits are small, and short-term results are comparable. However, small, energetic differences may have significant implications for the long-term follow-up. The finite element method allows a computer-based modeling of the flow dynamics and pressure losses. It permits comparison of different Fontan connections in a single patient with identical geometry and functional conditions.We compared the atriopulmonary connection with different types of cavopulmonary connections, which differed in the degree of symmetry of implantation of both caval veins into the right pulmonary artery. Based on anatomic models and physiological flow dynamics, three-dimensional geometries and finite element meshes were created with PATRAN; flows were calculated with POLYFLOW (B), and results were visualized with DATA VISUALIZER.The atriopulmonary connection produces higher energy losses than the cavopulmonary connection (+/- 1 mm Hg at rest). The cavopulmonary connection is more efficient when the connection of the caval veins to the pulmonary artery is asymmetrical.
Association between Physical Activity and Urinary Incontinence in a Community-Based Elderly Population Aged 70 Years and Over
Authors: Akio Kikuchi, Kaijun Niu, Yoshihiro Ikeda, Atsushi Hozawa, Haruo Nakagawa, Hui Guo, Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda, Guang Yang, Arta Farmawati, Ashkan Sami, Yoichi Arai, Ichiro Tsuji, Ryoichi Nagatomi
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Prevalence, Prognosis, and Implications of Isolated Minor Nonspecific ST-Segment and T-Wave Abnormalities in Older Adults
Authors: Anita Kumar, Ronald J. Prineas, Alice M. Arnold, Bruce M. Psaty, Curt D. Furberg, John Robbins, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The prevalence and prognostic significance of isolated minor nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities (NSSTTAs) in older adults are poorly understood.Cardiovascular Health Study participants free of both clinical cardiovascular disease and major ECG abnormalities were included. We examined the prospective association of isolated minor NSSTTAs (defined by Minnesota Codes 4-3, 4-4, 5-3, and 5-4) with total, cardiovascular, and coronary mortality and incident nonfatal myocardial infarction. Among 3224 participants (61.9% women; mean age, 72 years), 233 (7.2%) had isolated NSSTTAs at baseline. Covariates associated with isolated NSSTTAs included older age, nonwhite race (20.5% of blacks versus 4.8% of whites; P<0.001), diabetes, and higher blood pressure and body mass index but not the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. After 39 518 person-years of follow-up, the presence of isolated NSSTTAs was associated with significantly increased risk for coronary heart disease mortality (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.61) but not with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.17). The association of isolated NSSTTAs with coronary death was independent of subclinical atherosclerosis and left ventricular mass measures. In secondary analyses, among those with cardiac death, there was a significantly higher rate of primary arrhythmic death (32.3% versus 15.4%; P=0.02) in participants with isolated NSSTTAs versus those without NSSTTAs.Isolated NSSTTAs are common in older Americans and are associated with significantly increased risk for coronary death. However, isolated NSSTTAs are not associated with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, suggesting that they are associated particularly with increased risk for primary arrhythmic death.
Ultraviolet filter contact and photocontact allergy: consumer exposure and risk assessment for octocrylene from personal care products and sunscreens
Authors: E. Manová, N. von Goetz, K. Hungerbühler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Octocrylene (OCT) is an ultraviolet (UV) filter used in personal care products (PCPs) to prevent sun-related skin damage. OCT is photostable and has the ability to photostabilize other UV filters, which has recently led to its increased use in PCPs. Emerging clinical and experimental studies indicate that OCT is both a contact and a photocontact allergen.To quantify OCT exposure via PCPs, including aggregate exposure that arises from concurrent use of multiple PCP categories, for use in an exposure-based quantitative risk assessment (QRA).Probabilistic modelling of exposure was performed at an individual level simulating 1 day of concurrent and single PCP use. PCP use data obtained via a questionnaire were linked to OCT concentrations gained from chemical analyses of PCPs used by the questionnaire respondents from the German-speaking part of Switzerland (n = 1196; ages ≤ 1-97 years). Acceptable exposure levels (AELs) were calculated for OCT and compared with the computed exposure estimates.Overall, 19%, 33% and 79% of respondents were exposed to OCT via hand cream, face cream and sunscreen, respectively. Sunscreen was the most prevalent exposure source and largest contributor to aggregate exposure. For the study population, the overall mean and median exposure to OCT via sunscreen alone exceeded the QRA-predicted AEL of 4·9 μg cm(-2).Use of OCT in PCPs at levels greater than the threshold for induction of skin sensitization might lead to an increased number of sensitized individuals. It is therefore desirable to perform a new safety assessment of OCT.
BILE SALT METABOLISM AS INFLUENCED BY PURE AMINO ACIDS AND CASEIN DIGESTS
Authors: W. B. Hawkins, P. C. Hanson, R. W. Coon, R. Terry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

A non-protein diet supplemented with vitamins fed to a bile fistula dog caused marked reduction in cholic acid and taurocholic acid formation. A mixture of pure amino acids, essential for growth, promoted taurocholic acid production for a limited period. A mixture of amino acids composed of 2 fractions of a casein digest fortified with dl-methionine and dl-tryptophane, (Merck Vuj-N-ix), also resulted in increased taurocholic acid excretion. A casein digest, Amigen, supported cholic acid production, but there was very low taurocholic acid excretion. Addition of methionine to the Amigen brought about increased taurocholic acid excretion with reduction in the amount of free cholic acid in the bile. A bile fistula animal was maintained for a year in excellent condition and produced bile salt on a non-protein diet supplemented by vitamins, Amigen, and methionine. Unhydrolyzed alcoholic filtrate of bile contained traces of taurine, valine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Acid-hydrolyzed alcoholic filtrate of bile contained large amounts of taurine, and significant amounts of leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid.
Adrenal Suppression in Disseminated Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Georges Jantet, Diane W. Crocker, Masanori Shiraki, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

AN underlying or implied purpose in several steps commonly used for the treatment of patients with disseminated carcinoma of the breast is to free the body fluids of estrogenic substances. This purpose does not relate so much to the demonstration that the tumors found in most patients under the age of sixty-five are stimulated by small doses of estrogens, as it does to the empirical fact that the removal of estrogen-producing endocrine glands is often associated with dramatic improvement in the patient and objective remission of the disease.Removal of the ovaries by oophorectomy does not reduce to zero the . . .
Hypoglycemia and the Decision to Drive a Motor Vehicle by Persons With Diabetes
Authors: William L. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextLaboratory studies have shown impairments in driving performance among subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus when their blood glucose (BG) level is between 2.6 and 3.6 mmol/L (47-65 mg/dL). However, to our knowledge, no data exist examining subjects' decisions to drive at various BG levels during their daily routine.ObjectiveTo examine type 1 diabetic subjects' decisions to drive during their daily routine based on perception of BG levels compared with actual measured BG levels.Design and SettingTwo separate groups of patients were recruited 2 years apart from 4 academic medical centers.ParticipantsAll subjects were adults with type 1 diabetes who were drivers and who performed at least 2 BG tests per day. Group 1 (initial) subjects (n=65) had a mean (SD) age of 38.6 (8.9) years with a mean (SD) diabetes duration of 20.5 (10.6) years, were taking 38.8 (16.8) U/d of insulin, and had a mean (SD) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) level of 10.0% (1.9%). Group 2 (replication) subjects (n=93) were 35.8 (8.0) years old with a mean diabetes duration of 17.0 (10.6) years, were taking 40.0 (15.5) U/d of insulin, and had a mean (SD) HbA1 level of 8.5% (1.6%). Each subject used a handheld computer to record data on symptoms, cognitive function, insulin dosage, food, activity, estimated and actual BG levels, and whether he/she would drive. Data were entered 3 to 6 times per day for a total of 50 to 70 collections per subject during a 3- to 4-week period.Main Outcome MeasuresDecisions to drive when subjects estimated their BG level to be less than 2.2 mmol/L (40 mg/dL), 2.2 to 2.8 mmol/L (40-50 mg/dL), 2.8 to 3.3 mmol/L (50-60 mg/dL), 3.3 to 3.9 mmol/L (60-70 mg/dL), 3.9 to 10 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), and more than 10 mmol/L (&gt;180 mg/dL), and driving decisions when actual BG levels were in these ranges.ResultsSubjects stated they would drive 43% to 44% of the time when they estimated their BG level to be 3.3 to 3.9 mmol/L (60-70 mg/dL), and 38% to 47% of the time when their actual BG level was less than 2.2 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that number of autonomic symptoms, degree of impairment on cognitive function tests, and BG level estimate predicted 76% to 80% of decisions to drive (P&lt;.01 for all). Approximately 50% of subjects in each group decided to drive at least 50% of the time when their BG level was less than 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL).ConclusionsOur data suggest that persons with type 1 diabetes may not judge correctly when their BG level is too low to permit safe driving and may consider driving with a low BG level even when they are aware of the low level. Health care professionals should counsel their patients about the risk of driving with hypoglycemia and the importance of measuring BG level before driving.
Calpain 10: the first positional cloning of a gene for type 2 diabetes?
Authors: M. Alan Permutt, Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not a single disease, but rather a genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders sharing glucose intolerance.The precise biochemical defects in these conditions are unknown, but they almost certainly include impairments of both insulin secretion and insulin action.The familial nature, marked differences in prevalence among various racial groups, and different concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicate a genetic basis for the disease, but animal models and other data show that the disease is multifactorial.The identity and number of genes that are involved in this complex disorder are being clarified by recent genetic studies (see ref. 1 for recent review).
HIV positive girl made ward of court after father refuses to allow her treatment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The case of a 3 year old girl with HIV infection who was at the centre of a battle between doctors and her father over her treatment in Australia moved into the UK courts last week, where the girl was made a ward of court.

She and her father were met by high court officials when they arrived on a flight from Sydney accompanied by a social worker after Camden council in London obtained a wardship order.

Her father and her HIV positive mother—who has since died of an AIDS related illness—fled to Australia when the girl …
Slow Absorption of Intramuscular Chlordiazepoxide
Authors: David J. Greenblatt, Richard I. Shader, Jan Koch-Weser, Käte Franke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE hydrochloride is commonly administered by intramuscular injection when rapid sedation is needed.1 2 3 We have observed that large doses of intramuscular chlordiazepoxide appear at ...
First suicide note?
Authors: C Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1980)

People have always had the choice of killing themselves.  is well known that suicide was often chosen by prominent ancient Greeks and Romans, usually as a result of political pressures. Little is known about whether mental illness ever caused people to commit suicide in the early days of civilisation, and there is rarely the opportunity to learn about the mental state of a victim before he attempts suicide. I present details from an ancient Egyptian document that I believe probably is the earliest known suicide note in existence, and it also gives us an interesting insight into the clinical status of the writer. The story is from a papyrus that is now in the Berlin Museum and was best translated by Erman in 1896. The translation was published in English in 1966.1 The papyrus was also discussed in detail by Breasted.2 I have borrowed heavily from these two sources. Unfortunately we never learn the name or the rank of the author. The papyrus itself is not the original but was copied by a scribe, who says at the end, It is finished from beginning to end like that which was found in writing. The copy is dated about the time of the Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt (1991-1786 bc), but both Erman and Breasted believe that the original had been dated earlier. The Dispute with His Soul of One Who Is Tired of Life is the title Erman gave to the papyrus. The first part of the papyrus consists of a narra tive, but unfortunately much of it is missing and thus it is difficult to follow the narrative exactly. The second part consists of four poems that are more complete and give a good idea of the mental state of the author. In the narrative there is a discussion between the subject and his soul. The Egyptians believed that the soul had a separate existence from the body and that after death the soul left the physical body and continued to live in the tomb. The soul therefore depended on the relatives of the dead oerson to maintain
D2 Lymphadenectomy Alone or with Para-aortic Nodal Dissection for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Mitsuru Sasako, Takeshi Sano, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Yukinori Kurokawa, Atsushi Nashimoto, Akira Kurita, Masahiro Hiratsuka, Toshimasa Tsujinaka, Taira Kinoshita, Kuniyoshi Arai, Yoshitaka Yamamura, Kunio Okajima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is the standard treatment for curable gastric cancer in eastern Asia. Whether the addition of para-aortic nodal dissection (PAND) to D2 lymphadenectomy for stage T2, T3, or T4 tumors improves survival is controversial. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial at 24 hospitals in Japan to compare D2 lymphadenectomy alone with D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND in patients undergoing gastrectomy for curable gastric cancer.Between July 1995 and April 2001, 523 patients with curable stage T2b, T3, or T4 gastric cancer were randomly assigned during surgery to D2 lymphadenectomy alone (263 patients) or to D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND (260 patients). We did not permit any adjuvant therapy before the recurrence of cancer. The primary end point was overall survival.The rates of surgery-related complications among patients assigned to D2 lymphadenectomy alone and those assigned to D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND were 20.9% and 28.1%, respectively (P=0.07). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequencies of anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, abdominal abscess, pneumonia, or death from any cause within 30 days after surgery (the rate of death was 0.8% in each group). The median operation time was 63 minutes longer and the median blood loss was 230 ml greater in the group assigned to D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND. The 5-year overall survival rate was 69.2% for the group assigned to D2 lymphadenectomy alone and 70.3% for the group assigned to D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND; the hazard ratio for death was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 1.37; P=0.85). There were no significant differences in recurrence-free survival between the two groups; the hazard ratio for recurrence was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.42; P=0.56).As compared with D2 lymphadenectomy alone, treatment with D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND does not improve the survival rate in curable gastric cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00149279.)
Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Subjects With Prediabetes and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Identified by HbA1c According to American Diabetes Association Criteria
Authors: Antonino Di Pino, Roberto Scicali, Salvatore Calanna, Francesca Urbano, Concetta Mantegna, Agata Maria Rabuazzo, Francesco Purrello, Salvatore Piro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the cardiovascular risk profile in subjects with prediabetes and new-onset type 2 diabetes identified by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) according to the new American Diabetes Association criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness (IMT), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in 274 subjects without a previous history of diabetes. The subjects were stratified into three groups according to the HbA1c levels. RESULTS The subjects with prediabetes (n = 117, HbA1c 5.7–6.4% [39–46 mmol/mol]) showed a higher augmentation (Aug), augmentation index (AugI), and IMT compared with those with lower HbA1c; however, these values were similar to those of subjects with HbA1c &amp;gt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol). When we further analyzed the subjects with prediabetes but included only subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NT) in the analysis, AugI and IMT still remained significantly higher than their levels in control subjects with HbA1c &amp;lt;5.7% (39 mmol/mol). After multiple regression analyses including several cardiovascular risk factors, only HbA1c, age, and sRAGE were significantly correlated with the IMT, whereas age and 1-h postload glucose were the major determinants of AugI. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that subjects with prediabetes according to HbA1c, but with both NT according to the OGTT and normal fasting glycemia, have an altered IMT and AugI. These data suggest that a simple, reproducible, and less expensive marker such as HbA1c may be better able to identify prediabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk compared with fasting glycemia or OGTT alone.
Thermally-triggered ‘off–on–off’ response of gadolinium-hydrogel–lipid hybrid nanoparticles defines a customizable temperature window for non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging thermometry
Authors: Adam J. Shuhendler, Robert Staruch, Wendy Oakden, Claudia R. Gordijo, Andrew M. Rauth, Greg J. Stanisz, Rajiv Chopra, Xiao Yu Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)