tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of Failure in Gas-Perfused Hearts by Intermittent Administration of Krebs Solution
Authors: LLOYD P. GABEL, IVAN BIHLER, PETER E. DRESEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Our previous work has shown that kitten hearts perfused with a warm, moist mixture of 5% CO 2 -95% O 2 beat strongly for many hours. We now show that after 1 hr of gas perfusion, intermittent administration of small volumes of Krebs solution (5 ml every 30 min to total of 20 ml) causes progressive failure of the heart. Washout cardiac failure is accompanied by loss of protein from the hearts. We have isolated a cardiotonic material from the washout liquid by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. This material is more active in failed than in normal isolated kitten atria. Preperfusion with digitalis glycosides (10 -10 to 10 -9 g/ml) protects hearts against failure and loss of protein during periods of washout with saline.
Testosterone therapy is associated with raised risk of myocardial infarction, US study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In the three months after starting testosterone therapy the risk of myocardial infarction doubled among men aged over 65, and the risk among younger men who had a prior history of heart disease was two to three times higher than normal, a US study has found.1

The study was published online on 29 January in the open access journal PLoS One . William D Finkle of Consolidated Research in Los Angeles was the paper’s lead author, and the senior author was Robert N Hoover of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

Testosterone therapy for low testosterone concentrations has been heavily marketed in the United States, and over the past decade the number …
Indications for EUS-Directed FNA
Authors: R. H. Hawes
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

EUS/FNA is an extremely precise method for sampling lesions surrounding the gastrointestinal tract. As experience widens, so do the indications for its use. However, as endoscopists explore ways to use this technique to improve patient care, a basic premise should be kept in mind: the information obtained should have the potential to affect patient management. There will undoubtedly be refinements in the application of EUS/FNA, but the future looks very promising indeed.
Complete follow-up and evaluation of a skin cancer screening in Connecticut
Authors: Jean L. Bolognia, Marianne Berwick, Judith A. Fine
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

On May 21, 1988, 251 persons were screened for skin cancer in New Haven, Connecticut. A total body skin examination was performed on 98% of the participants. On the basis of follow-up of 93% of persons with positive screens for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or Bowen's disease, positive predictive values were 43% for basal cell carcinoma, 14% for squamous cell carcinoma, and 50% for Bowen's disease. In the group with atypical nevi, a person with two or more clinically atypical nevi was 16 times more likely to have histologic confirmation than a person with a single clinically atypical nevus (p = 0.003). Eighty persons were screened by both a dermatologist and a dermatology nurse; the crude agreement rate for actinic keratoses was 0.62; for atypical nevi, 0.53; and for BCC, 0.88. Both nurses and physicians overdiagnosed in the screening setting, the nurses more so than the physicians. Of the 128 persons screened who were advised to seek medical follow-up, 16 did not do so despite several reminders; their reasons are discussed. On May 21, 1988, 251 persons were screened for skin cancer in New Haven, Connecticut. A total body skin examination was performed on 98% of the participants. On the basis of follow-up of 93% of persons with positive screens for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or Bowen's disease, positive predictive values were 43% for basal cell carcinoma, 14% for squamous cell carcinoma, and 50% for Bowen's disease. In the group with atypical nevi, a person with two or more clinically atypical nevi was 16 times more likely to have histologic confirmation than a person with a single clinically atypical nevus (p = 0.003). Eighty persons were screened by both a dermatologist and a dermatology nurse; the crude agreement rate for actinic keratoses was 0.62; for atypical nevi, 0.53; and for BCC, 0.88. Both nurses and physicians overdiagnosed in the screening setting, the nurses more so than the physicians. Of the 128 persons screened who were advised to seek medical follow-up, 16 did not do so despite several reminders; their reasons are discussed.
Role of Adenosine in Pathogenesis of Syndrome X: Assessment With Coronary Hemodynamic Measurements and Thallium-201 Myocardial Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: YOSHITO INOBE, KIYOTAKA KUGIYAMA, ETSUO MORITA, HIROAKI KAWANO, KEN OKUMURA, SEIJI TOMIGUCHI, AKINORI TSUJI, AKIHIRO KOJIMA, MATSUMASA TAKAHASHI, HIROFUMI YASUE
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Structure and function of the respiratory muscles in patients with COPD: impairment or adaptation?
Authors: M. Orozco-Levi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Respiratory muscles are essential to alveolar ventilation. These muscles work against increased mechanical loads due to airflow limitation and geometrical changes of the thorax derived from pulmonary hyperinflation. Respiratory muscle fibres show several degrees of impairment in cellular and subcellular structures which, in many cases, are proportional to the severity of the disease and accompanying conditions (ageing, deconditioning, starvation, comorbidity). This structural impairment translates, from the functional point of view, to a loss of strength (capacity to generate tension) and an increased susceptibility to failure in the face of a particular load (early onset of fatigue). On the other hand, there is accumulating evidence that the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles are also able to express adaptive changes in response to the chronic mechanical load imposed by the disease. In most cases, impairment and adaptation of the respiratory muscles reaches a balance that permits enough ventilation for patients' survival. However, this balance can be altered for additional increments of the mechanical or metabolic load on the muscles ( e.g. abdominal or thoracic surgeries, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, etc. ). Moreover, loss of balance is not always associated with extreme situations. Many patients develop ventilatory failure and require hospital admission even if the cause of the exacerbation is less dramatic (bronchial infections, pain of any nature, electrolyte disturbances, etc. ). Although the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations is multifactorial, the above-mentioned fragility suggests the existence of a “fragile balance” between respiratory muscle overload and respiratory muscle adaptations. Assessment of respiratory muscle function through specific tests evaluating the strength and endurance could offer valuable information about this particular susceptibility to muscle imbalance. Identification of patients possessing a fragile respiratory muscle balance could have important implications for the application of specific strategies such as respiratory muscle training, nutrition, or anabolic treatment.
Prospective Examination of Anxiety Persistence and Its Relationship to Cardiac Symptoms and Recurrent Cardiac Events
Authors: Sherry L. Grace, Susan E. Abbey, Jane Irvine, Zachary M. Shnek, Donna E. Stewart
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The current study builds on previous research demonstrating a link between anxiety and inhospital recurrent ischemic and arrhythmic events, by examining the effects of persistent anxiety on recurrent events 1 year later. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 913 patients with unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) from 12 coronary care units were recruited, and follow-up data were collected at 6 and 12 months after the event. Measures included cardiac symptomatology, healthcare utilization, the anxiety subscale of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders , the phobic anxiety subscale of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Over one third of participants with UA and MI experienced elevated anxiety at the time of the ischemic event, and these symptoms persisted for 1 year in 50% of anxious participants. Although participants with anxiety reported more atypical cardiac symptomatology, the prevalence of typical cardiac symptoms such as chest pain did not differ based on anxiety. After controlling for the severity of the coronary event, family income, sex, diabetes, and smoking, the following variables were significantly predictive of self-reported recurrent cardiac events at 6 months or 1 year: older age, family history of cardiovascular disease, greater depressive symptomatology at baseline, and anxiety at 6 months. Only 38% of anxious patients were asked about such symptoms, indicating underutilization of effective psychotherapeutic treatment. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Over and above the effects of depressive symptomatology (among other confounding variables), nonphobic anxiety appears to have a negative effect on self-reported outcome following an ischemic coronary event. Anxiety symptomatology is underrecognized and undertreated, and examination of effects of treatment on secondary prevention must be pursued.
High skeletal muscle adenylate cyclase in malignant hyperthermia.
Authors: J H Willner, C G Cerri, D S Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Malignant hyperthermia occurs in humans with several congenital myopathies, usually in response to general anesthesia. Commonly, individuals who develop this syndrome lack symptoms of muscle disease, and their muscle lacks specific pathological changes. A biochemical marker for this myopathy has not previously been available; we found activity of adenylate cyclase and content of cyclic AMP to be abnormally high in skeletal muscle. Secondary modification of protein phosphorylation could explain observed abnormalities of phosphorylase activation and sarcoplasmic reticulum function.
Different baseline sympathovagal balance and cardiac autonomic responsiveness in ischemic and non‐ischemic congestive heart failure
Authors: Gabriella Malfatto, Giovanna Branzi, Selene Gritti, Luca Sala, Renato Bragato, Giovanni Battista Perego, Gastone Leonetti, Mario Facchini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2001)
Treatment of Muscle Cramps during Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: G. R. D. Catto, F. W. Smith, M. M. Leod
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The effect of a slowly released oral preparation of sodium chloride (Slow Sodium) on the frequency and severity of muscle cramps, on blood pressure, and on body weight was compared with that of placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial in 19 patients on maintenance haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. A significant reduction in both the frequency and severity of cramps was found while the patients were receiving the sodium chloride preparation and no significant alteration in blood pressure or body weight was detected.
T lymphocytes expressing CCR3 are increased in allergic rhinitis compared with non‐allergic controls and following allergen immunotherapy
Authors: J. N. Francis, C. M. Lloyd, I. Sabroe, S. R. Durham, S. J. Till
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: In T cell‐associated allergic inflammation, homing of T‐helper 2 (Th2) effector cells to mucosal sites may be influenced by chemokine receptor expression. Previous studies have identified CCR3 and CCR4 as putative markers of Th2 cells and CCR5 and CXCR3 as markers of Th1 cells. The aim of this study was to assess differential chemokine receptor expression from symptomatic atopic grass pollen‐sensitive subjects, compared with patients on high‐dose allergen injection immunotherapy (IT) and healthy controls. Methods: We examined chemokine receptor expression (CCR1–7 and CXCR1–4) by flow cytometry of peripheral blood CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. We also depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations of CCR3 + CD4 + cells by magnetic bead separation and cells were stimulated with grass pollen allergen for 6 days. Cytokine production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: On freshly isolated PBMC, atopic individuals exhibited increased numbers of CCR3 + CD4 + cells compared with normal controls ( P &lt; 0.01). CCR3 expression in IT patients was reduced compared with matched atopic rhinitic controls ( P &lt; 0.05) and comparable with that observed in normal subjects. Depletion of CCR3 + CD4 + cells from allergen‐stimulated PBMC cultures resulted in decreased interleukin (IL)‐5 production compared with whole CD4 + populations ( P &lt; 0.05). Freshly isolated CCR3 + CD4 + cells have significantly higher intracellular IL‐4 and lower IFN‐ γ levels than CCR3 − CD4 + cells. CD4 + T cells cultured from both peripheral cells and nasal biopsies demonstrated increased expression of CCR3 in the presence of IL‐4 ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: CCR3 + CD4 + T cells are increased in allergic rhinitis, are reduced by allergen IT, have a Th2 phenotype and contribute to allergen‐specific responses. Strategies against CCR3 + T cells may be effective in human allergic diseases.
Acute monoblastic leukemia with t(8;16): A distinct clinicopathologic entity; Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Tsieh Sun, Ernest Wu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

We report a case of acute monoblastic leukemia with t(8;16) in a 71-year-old man who had rapid rise of leukocyte counts from 20.3 × 109/l to 62.7 × 109/l in two weeks. The peripheral blood showed many granular promonocytes that led to the consideration of acute promyelocytic leukemia of the hypogranular variant. The bone marrow, however, revealed mainly monoblasts with erythrophagocytosis. Cytogenetic study finally confirmed the diagnosis of acute monoblastic leukemia with t(8;16). The patient died three days after admission. The demonstration of these two characteristic features of this subtype, granular promonocytes and erythrophagocytosis by monoblasts, separately, in the peripheral blood and bone marrow is unusual and misleading. This cytogenetic abnormality can be demonstrated only in M5 and M4 with characteristic clinical features of disseminated intravascular coagulation, extramedullary involvement, and poor prognosis. Although it is not a common disease, this specific subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia is consistently associated with a specific cytogenetic marker, thus it should be considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Am. J. Hematol. 66:207–212, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Why Accountable Care Organizations Are Not 1990s Managed Care Redux
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Homozygous Wild-Type Glutathione S-Transferase M1 Genotype with Increased Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Nady Roodi, William D. Dupont, Jason H. Moore, Fritz F. Parl
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract More than 500 studies have examined the association of the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotype with various malignancies yielding inconsistent results. The genotyping was based on a PCR assay that identified the GSTM1 null (−/−) genotype but did not distinguish homozygous wild-type (+/+) and heterozygous (+/−) individuals. We developed an assay that allowed the definition of +/+, +/−, and −/− genotypes by separate identification of wild-type and null alleles, which were found with frequencies of 0.225 and 0.775, respectively, in Caucasian women. We applied the new assay to a breast cancer case-control study and identified the +/+ genotype in 14 (6.9%) of 202 control subjects compared with 37 (18.2%) of 203 patients. Compared with women with the −/− genotype, the relative risk of breast cancer for the +/+ genotype was 2.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.45–5.59; P = 0.002), suggesting a protective effect of the GSTM1 deletion.
Patients with gout adhere to curative treatment if informed appropriately: proof-of-concept observational study
Authors: Frances Rees, Wendy Jenkins, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Introduction Many doctors believe that patients with gout are unwilling to receive urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and blame them for poor adherence to management. Objective To test the effectiveness of a complex intervention for gout that incorporates key elements of current guidelines, including full patient information, delivered in an optimal setting (specialist hospital clinic). Method Observational study of patients reporting ongoing attacks of gout recruited from primary care lists. 106 participants (94 men, 12 women; mean age 61 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients received a predominantly nurse-delivered intervention that included education, individualised lifestyle advice and appropriate ULT. The predefined goal was to achieve serum uric acid (SUA) levels ≤360 μmol/l after 1 year in at least 70% of participants. Results Of the 106 participants at baseline, 16% had tophi; mean (SD) baseline SUA was 456 (98) µmol/l. All participants agreed to joint aspiration to confirm gout and all wished to receive ULT. At 12 months, 92% of the 106 participants had achieved the therapeutic target (SUA≤360 µmol); 85% had SUA &lt;300 µmol/l. Allopurinol was the most commonly used ULT, requiring a median dose of 400 mg daily to achieve the target. Improvements in Short Form-36 were observed (significant for pain) after 1 year. Conclusion A predominantly nurse-led intervention including education, lifestyle advice and ULT can successfully achieve the recommended treatment target in more than 9 out of 10 patients. Full explanation and discussion about the nature of gout and its treatment options and individualisation of management probably account for this success.
An Outbreak of Toxic Encephalopathy Caused by Eating Mussels Contaminated with Domoic Acid
Authors: Trish M. Perl, Lucie Bédard, Tom Kosatsky, James C. Hockin, Ewen C.D. Todd, Robert S. Remis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In Canada in late 1987 there was an outbreak of an acute illness characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and unusual neurologic abnormalities among persons who had eaten cultivated mussels. Health departments in Canada solicited reports of this newly recognized illness. A case was defined as the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms within 24 hours or of neurologic symptoms within 48 hours of the ingestion of mussels.
The Impact of Suicide in Television Movies
Authors: Madelyn S. Gould, David Shaffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Increasing evidence suggest that imitative behavior may have a role in suicide among teenagers. We studied the variation in the numbers of suicides and attempted suicides by teenagers in the greater New York area two weeks before and two weeks after four fictional films were broadcast on television in the fall and winter of 1984-1985. The mean number of attempts in the two-week periods after the broadcasts (22) was significantly greater than the mean number of attempts before the broadcasts (14; P less than 0.05), and a significant excess in completed suicides, when compared with the number predicted, was found after three of the broadcasts (P less than 0.05). We conclude that the results are consistent with the hypothesis that some teenage suicides are imitative and that alternative explanations for the findings, such as increased referrals to hospitals or increased sensitivity to adolescent suicidal behavior on the part of medical examiners or hospital personnel, are unlikely to account for the increase in attempted and completed suicides.
Reducing inequality is crucial to implementing universal health coverage, says WHO report
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Low and middle income countries seeking to institute universal health coverage will achieve better outcomes faster if they prioritize programs to reduce the inequities that deny their poor and vulnerable citizens access to care and burden them with high costs, says a new report.1

The report, published jointly by the Rockefeller Foundation, Save the Children, Unicef, and the World Health Organization, notes that poorer nations have made great progress in recent years but that aggregate statistics can be deceiving. Although national rates of child mortality may be falling, many countries are seeing gaps widening between the richest and poorest people in survival and in access to services.

“In Bangladesh, a woman from a wealthy household is 10 times more likely to have a skilled attendant when giving birth, compared to a woman from a poorer family,” the report says.

Even as healthcare systems …
Simultaneous Congenital Infection with Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Jean H. Joncas, Caroline Alfieri, Michèle Leyritz-Wills, Pierre Brochu, Gaétan Jasmin, Istvan Boldogh, Eng Shang Huang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

WE have previously reported the persistence of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome in lymphoid cells in long-term cultures from an infant with congenital CMV infection.1 , 2 The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genome was also present in these cells, but the presence of congenital EBV infection was merely presumed on the basis of serologic evidence, since blood for the spontaneous establishment of a lymphoblastoid cell line in this instance was not available from the infant until three months after birth. We have now studied another infant, born to a primigravida mother, who had clinical, laboratory, and pathological evidence of congenital CMV infection at birth . . .
Shock-Induced Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Stephen M. Drance, Robert W. Morgan, Vincent P. Sweeney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Thirty-eight patients with low-tension glaucoma were analyzed for aggravating or precipitating factors and followed for evidence of progression of their condition. Ten patients had a history of shock before the recognition of ischemic optic neuropathy with visual-field loss. Of these 10 patients only one gave evidence of progression as indicated by further field loss. Of the 28 patients without such a history of preceding shock, 18 showed progression. The groups were comparable in age and sex and initial optic-disk appearance and field loss. Withholding standard ocular therapy did not seem to increase the likelihood of progression. Shock may produce an ischemic optic neuropathy with an optic-disk appearance and visual-field loss indistinguishable from those in low-tension glaucoma. The prognosis in this group appears to be better, suggesting that a single insult rather than ongoing factors was responsible for their field loss.