tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances Reshaping Sickle Cell Therapy
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

working to develop a similar exercise for patients with cocaine addiction in which they would alternate thinking about cocaine-related cues and an unrelated subject, such as nature scenes. She hypothesizes that such an exercise might help patients to recognize and control brain states associated with relapse. Previous research by Childress and her colleagues demonstrated that sexual cues and cues related to drug use, even if they are brief or subconsciously registered, may rapidly trigger a brain response (Childress AR et al. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3[1]:e1506). “Itmeans that thesecircuitsgetahead start,” she said. “Before you are aware, you are getting into trouble.” Asaresearch tool, shenoted, the techniquemayalsoprovidevaluable insights on what happens when individuals encounter powerful motivational stimuli. Thismightprovidenewtargets for treating addiction or other disorders. “We will be able to see in real time the brain’s struggle to stay in control when confronted with these powerful stimuli,” she said.
Tories will put GPs in charge of commissioning services for patients
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

GPs will hold the personal budgets of patients and commission services on their behalf under Conservative health plans in their draft election manifesto. 

Speaking at the King’s Fund shadow health minister, Stephen O’Brien, said that GPs will be given the power to hold real cash budgets with which to commission care and their pay will be linked to the quality of the results they deliver. They will need to be trained to commission services when that responsibility is passed to them, he said. 

The proposal is part of Tory plans to make the NHS more “locally driven” and “patient centred” giving people more responsibility over their health. Part of this move would mean that clinical need would determine funding flows.

“Politically motivated” …
Cardiac specific creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M A Varat, D W Mercer
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The specific and sensitivity of serum creatine phosphokinase cardiac specific isoenzyme (MB) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was evaluated. An ion-exchange chromatographic technique was used to isolate MB. Sera layered on mini-columns of DEAE-Sephadex were eluted with Tris-buffered sodium chloride. Quantification of isolated MB was performed by creatine phosphokinase (CPK) assay (Rosalki method) of column effluents. MB was expressed as a percentage of the simultaneously determined total serum CPK; MB was determined in 100 consecutive admissions to the Coronary Care Unit. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed by accepted criteria. In 47 patients with proven AMI, including three with normal total CPK, peak MB was greater than 4% of total CPK. In 49 patients without AMI, including 15 with elevated total CPK (due to trauma, injections, cardioversion), peak MB was less than 2% of total CPK. MB was elevated, but did not peak in four patients without AMI but with chronic atrial fibrillation. Isolation and quantification of MB by this technique is rapidly and easily performed and provides a specific and extremely sensitive tool for the diagnosis of AMI.
THE TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA BY CURETTAGE.*
Authors: R. D. SWEET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA BY CURETTAGE. Get access R. D. SWEET R. D. SWEET Consultant Dermatologist, South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital, Plymouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 4, 1 April 1963, Pages 137–148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13956.x Published: 01 April 1963
US government rejects WHO's attempts to improve diet
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The US government has rejected a link between junk food and obesity in a confidential letter to the director general of the World Health Organization, Dr Lee Jong-wook.

The letter, from William Steiger, special assistant at the Department of Health and Human Services, has been leaked and is available on the internet. It is the United States's official response to an April 2003 report by WHO and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) which argued that added sugar should comprise no more than 10% of a healthy diet and that governments should take steps to limit children's exposure to the advertising …
Circadian variations of portal pressure and variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Joan C. García-Pagán, Faust Feu, Antoni Castells, Angelo Luca, Ramón C. Hermida, Francisca Rivera, Jaume Bosch, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

This study was aimed at investigating whether portal pressure, which is usually measured in the morning, is subject to circadian variations in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, a possible circadian variation for the occurrence of variceal bleeding was also investigated. Ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension had serial measurements of portal pressure, evaluated by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (the difference between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures), during a 24-hr period. In addition, a survey of the hour of occurrence of variceal hemorrhage was performed in 101 consecutive cirrhotic patients with hematemesis, in whom the precise moment of onset of bleeding could be determined, and the origin of bleeding was confirmed by emergency endoscopy. Statistical evaluation with the population-mean cosinor method allowed detection of a circadian variation in portal pressure. Portal pressure progressively declined during the afternoon and evening (from 17.9 ± 5.3 mm Hg at 12 PM to a nadir of 16.8 ± 4.9 mm Hg at 7 PM (p &lt; 0.05). Thereafter, portal pressure increased during the night, returning to baseline values at 9 AM (18.1 ± 5.1 mm Hg). The acrophase was at 8:32 AM (± 100 min) with an amplitude of 3.45 ± 1.1 (% of mean ± S.E.) (rhythm detection: p &lt; 0.03). Similarly, the analysis of the time of occurrence of variceal hemorrhage with the use of a multiple-components rhythmometry test disclosed two peaks in the prevalence of esophageal bleeding. The more pronounced peak (orthophase) occurred at 10:44 PM, when portal pressure started to increase, and the second peak occurred at 9:12 AM, close to the acrophase value of portal pressure. This study shows that in patients with cirrhosis, portal pressure exhibits a circadian variation. This may influence the moment of occurrence of variceal bleeding, which also showed a circadian variation. (Hepatology 1994;19:595-601).
Palestinians and Israelis work hand in hand on health
Authors: J Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Despite the turbulence of the seven year Palestinian uprising in Gaza and Jericho, Palestinians have cooperated fully with Israeli health authorities to coordinate health services. Both sides are jointly fighting infectious diseases, promoting primary health care institutions, and developing local hospitals and are ready to sustain cooperation under autonomy.

Dr Theodore Tulchinsky, a Canadian born public health expert who is coordinating health in the territories, said: “The Palestinian leaders in Gaza/Jericho have made it clear to us that even under autonomy they want to continue cooperation with Israel at all levels to ensure decent health …
The role of radiotherapy and intrathecal CNS prophylaxis in extralymphatic craniofacial aggressive B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Niels Murawski, Gerhard Held, Marita Ziepert, Barbara Kempf, Andreas Viardot, Mathias Hänel, Mathias Witzens-Harig, Rolf Mahlberg, Christian Rübe, Jochen Fleckenstein, Carsten Zwick, Bertram Glass, Norbert Schmitz, Samira Zeynalova, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Blood (2014)
Comparison of Osteopontin, Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor, and Mesothelin Proteins as Markers in the Serum of Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Jenette Creaney, Deborah Yeoman, Yvonne Demelker, Amanda Segal, A.W. Musk, Steven J. Skates, Bruce W.S. Robinson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Did Health Care Injustice Fuel Rage, Riots?-Reply
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —There was unanimous consensus among health care leaders in Los Angeles County that the way the health care system there treats poor, inner-city populations contributed to the rage that fueled the riot or rebellion. However inflammatory and counterproductive this opinion might seem to Dr Copperman, it was nonetheless widely held by people with firsthand knowledge of the situation. And none of these sources intended their remarks as an indictment of caring physicians.  There was also consensus among those endeavoring to address this problem that representatives from these underserved communities must have  voice in how this problem is addressed. The representatives of these communities are hardly a faculty of the ignorant. They not only have as much right as any community in self-determination of their health care needs, they are best suited for the task because they understand their own communities better than any outsider ever could.  Copperman's
1,3 Butadiene, a Vapor Phase Component of Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Accelerates Arteriosclerotic Plaque Development
Authors: Arthur Penn, Carroll A. Snyder
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Our recent results support predictions from epidemiology studies that thousands of excess heart disease–related deaths result yearly in the United States from involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Limited exposures of cockerels to ETS significantly accelerate arteriosclerosis. Despite little direct in vivo support, tar fraction rather than vapor phase compounds are considered largely responsible for the plaque-promoting effects of cigarette smoke. Here, we evaluate the effects of two ETS components on plaque development: the vapor phase component, 1,3 butadiene, and the tar component, the tobacco-specific N -nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). At relatively high doses, injected NNK is carcinogenic in rodents. Epidemiology studies have identified increased mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease among black men working in the butadiene rubber industry. Neither butadiene nor NNK has been tested experimentally for a possible role in plaque development. Methods and Results Cockerels inhaled butadiene (20 ppm; 16 weeks) or were injected biweekly with NNK (10 mg/kg, 16 weeks). Control cockerels were exposed to filtered air or were injected with the NNK solvent dimethylsulfoxide. Plaque incidence, prevalence, location, and size were determined double-blind. NNK had no significant effect on any of these measurements. In contrast, butadiene elicited a statistically significant increase in plaque size comparable to that seen after steady-state exposure to ETS from 5 cigarettes. Conclusions (1) This study represents the first time that a single cigarette smoke component has been demonstrated to accelerate arteriosclerosis, at a dose that is environmentally relevant. (2) The plaque-promoting components of ETS may reside in the vapor phase. (3) The cockerel model should be valuable in understanding the mechanism underlying the reported increases in heart disease deaths among black workers in the butadiene rubber industry.
PENICILLIN FOR SYPHILIS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: C. L. Chen
Journal: JAMA (1946)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the articles on the penicillin treatment of the syphilitic pregnant woman (The Journal, March 16, pp. 683-694) there is a difference of opinion concerning the abortifacient effects of penicillin between two research centers. In page 690 Goodwin and Moore state that "if one combines the total of 101 women treated by Ingraham and his group, Leavitt and ourselves, there were 4 actual and 7 threatened abortions. These figures are not statistically impressive as incriminating penicillin as a cause of abortion since it is a well known fact that in obstetrics approximately 10 per cent of all pregnancies in normal nonsyphilitic, nonpenicillin treated women end in spontaneous abortion...." In making this comparison they apparently neglected a very important factor— the time factor. The duration of penicillin treatment in the three groups of cases referred to ranged from four to fifteen days. To make a just comparison one
Magnifying videoendoscopic findings of Peyer's patches in the terminal ileum of Crohn's disease
Authors: S. Shikuwa, H. Isomoto, Y. Mizuta, T. Suematsu, M. Ito, S. Kohno
Journal: Gut (2007)

It has been reported that Crohn’s disease initially occurs as tiny aphthoid lesions at the sites of lymphoid follicles in the gastrointestinal tract.1–3 The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as Peyer’s patches (PPs)3,4 is a single layer of epithelial cells covering each follicle and forms a dome between the surrounding villi.3,4 Endoscopic observation of PPs in patients with Crohn’s disease has rarely been performed in clinical settings.1–3,5,6

A total of seven patients with active Crohn’s disease and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Chromoendoscopy was carried out with crystal violet and/or indigo carmine to identify PPs. The FAE on the domes of PPs was examined by magnifying endoscopy. The macroscopic appearance of PPs was classified into two categories, a nodular or convolute elevation pattern (E type, fig …
Differential expression of tissue-specific adhesion molecules on human circulating antibody-forming cells after systemic, enteric, and nasal immunizations. A molecular basis for the compartmentalization of effector B cell responses.
Authors: M Quiding-Järbrink, I Nordström, G Granström, A Kilander, M Jertborn, E C Butcher, A I Lazarovits, J Holmgren, C Czerkinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Expression of the adhesion molecules CD44, L-selectin (CD62L), and integrin alpha 4 beta 7 by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) was examined in human volunteers after oral, rectal, intranasal, or systemic immunization with cholera toxin B subunit. Almost all blood ASC, irrespective of immunization route, isotype (IgG and IgA), and immunogen, expressed CD44. On the other hand, marked differences were observed between systemically and intestinally induced ASC with respect to expression of integrin alpha 4 beta 7 and L-selectin, adhesion molecules conferring tissue specificity for mucosal tissues and peripheral lymph nodes, respectively. Thus, most ASC induced at systemic sites expressed L-selectin, whereas only a smaller proportion of ASC expressed alpha 4 beta 7. In contrast, virtually all IgA- and even IgG-ASC detected after peroral and rectal immunizations expressed alpha 4 beta 7, with only a minor fraction of these cells expressing L-selectin. Circulating ASC induced by intranasal immunization displayed a more promiscuous pattern of adhesion molecules, with a large majority of ASC coexpressing L-selectin and alpha 4 beta 7. These results demonstrate that circulating ASC induced by mucosal and systemic immunization express different sets of adhesion molecules. Furthermore, these findings provide for the first time evidence for differential expression of adhesion molecules on circulating ASC originating from different mucosal sites. Collectively, these results may explain the anatomical division of mucosal and systemic immune responses in humans as well as the compartmentalization of mucosal immune responses initiated in the upper vs. the lower aerodigestive tract.
Evaluating computerised health information systems: Article contains inaccuracies
Authors: B. A Longano
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—As one of the “special advisory group of experts” in the Limpopo project, I would like to comment on the article by Littlejohns et al.1 There are several misleading inaccuracies, some self evident: pharmacy management was not part of the IBM contract (correctly reflected in box 2).

Paradoxically, investments in information technology continue despite the lack of impact on the productivity of health professionals. Unless all the relevant decision …
Allergen Sensitization as a Predictor of Wheezing Phenotype at Age Six Years
Authors: C.M. Virnig, K. Roberg, E. Anderson, L.E.P. Salazar, R.A. Grabher, C. Tisler, D.F. DaSilva, T.E. Pappas, K. Sullivan Dillie, M.D. Evans, R.E. Gargnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Nitrous Oxide in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: David M. Doland
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I would agree, in general, with the conclusion of Thompson and Lown (235:924,1976) that nitrous oxide 35% mixed with oxygen is an effective and safe analgesic for patients with acute myocardial infarction; however, clinicians should be aware that concentrations of nitrous oxide as low as 30% may rarely cause loss of consciousness1and that more recent studies indicate that nitrous oxide directly and significantly depresses myocardial function.2  On the other hand, I disagree strongly with the suggestion that for severe pain, nitrous oxide has any use as an adjunct to potent narcotic analgesics in the coronary care unit. In the first place, this combination can produce complete anesthesia that could present considerable danger to the patient, and in the second place, the combination of nitrous oxide and morphine has been shown to cause significant, and in some cases, severe depression in cardiac output and mean
IL-15, a survival factor for kidney epithelial cells, counteracts apoptosis and inflammation during nephritis
Authors: Michiya Shinozaki, Junichi Hirahashi, Tatiana Lebedeva, Foo Y. Liew, David J. Salant, Ruth Maron, Vicki Rubin Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

IL-15, a T cell growth factor, has been linked to exacerbating autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. To test the hypothesis that IL-15–deficient (IL-15–/–) mice would be protected from T cell–dependent nephritis, we induced nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) in IL-15–/– and wild-type (IL-15+/+) C57BL/6 mice. Contrary to our expectations, IL-15 protects the kidney during this T cell–dependent immunologic insult. Tubular, interstitial, and glomerular pathology and renal function are worse in IL-15–/– mice during NSN. We detected a substantial increase in tubular apoptosis in IL-15–/– kidneys. Moreover, macrophages and CD4 T cells are more abundant in the interstitia and glomeruli in IL-15–/– mice. This led us to identify several mechanisms responsible for heightened renal injury in the absence of IL-15. We now report that IL-15 and the IL-15 receptor (α, β, γ chains) are constitutively expressed in normal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). IL-15 is an autocrine survival factor for TECs. TEC apoptosis induced with anti-Fas or actinomycin D is substantially greater in IL-15–/– than in wild-type TECs. Moreover, IL-15 decreases the induction of a nephritogenic chemokine, MCP-1, that attracts leukocytes into the kidney during NSN. Taken together, we suggest that IL-15 is a therapeutic for tubulointerstitial and glomerular kidney diseases.
An Assessment of the Value of Serum Cholinesterase as a Liver Function Test and in the Diagnosis of Jaundice
Authors: W. Burnett
Journal: Gut (1960)

This report assesses the value of cholinesterase (ChE) activity as an indicator of liver function and analyses its usefulness in the diagnosis of jaundice. A rapid method of determination has been used, and alterations in ChE activity in conditions other than liver disease have been studied to permit a fuller and more accurate survey of its value as a liver function test. The level of serum cholinesterase activity remains constant under normal circumstances, and follows the pattern of protein metabolism, falling in catabolism and rising in anabolism.In hepatocellular disease cholinesterase activity is lowered. Very low levels in cirrhosis with jaundice indicate a grave prognosis. Normal levels are usual in post-hepatic jaundice unless complicating factors are present, such as cholangitis or liver metastases. Serum cholinesterase is useful both as a liver function test and in the diagnosis of jaundice provided consideration is given to the other factors which affect the level of activity of the enzyme.
Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-γ production in monokine-activated natural killer cells
Authors: Brian Becknell, Tiffany L. Hughes, Aharon G. Freud, Bradley W. Blaser, Jianhua Yu, Rossana Trotta, Hsiaoyin C. Mao, Marie L. Caligiuri de Jesús, Mohamad Alghothani, Don M. Benson, Amy Lehman, David Jarjoura, Danilo Perrotti, Michael D. Bates, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2006)
Pentamidine for Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Kimberly Shriner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990Pentamidine for Pneumocystis PneumoniaKimberly Shriner, MD, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, MDKimberly Shriner, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-992_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:A recent issue featured two prospective, randomized studies comparing intravenous and inhaled pentamidine as primary therapy forPneumocystis cariniipneumonia (1, 2). Both Soo Hoo and colleagues (1) and Conte and associates (2) demonstrated that intravenous pentamidine was superior to inhaled pentamidine for treatment of mild to moderateP. cariniipneumonia. However, although the clinical characteristics and disease activity of the inhaled and intravenous pentamidine groups were carefully described and well matched, little or no mention was made of concomitant corticosteroid use in either study other than the statement by Soo Hoo and colleagues (1) that one...References1. SooMohsenifarMeyer HGZR. Inhaled or intravenous pentamidine therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:195-202. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ConteChernoffFeigalJosephMcDonaldGolden JDDPCA. Intravenous or inhaled pentamidine for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:203-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MontanerLawsonLevittBelzbergSchechterRuedy JLNAMJ. Corticosteroids prevent early deterioration in patients with moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:14-9. LinkGoogle Scholar4. BozzetteWuSattler SAF. A randomized controlled trial of corticosteroids in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [Abstract 1068]. Abstracts of the 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology; 1989:283. Google Scholar1. Soo HooMohsenifarMeyer GZR. Inhaled or intravenous pentamidine therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:195-202. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MontanerLawsonLevittBelzbergSchechterRuedy JLNAMJ. Corticosteroids prevent early deterioration in patients with moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:14-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Sepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center Sepulveda, CA 91343 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12Page: 992-993KeywordsPneumocystisPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumoniaProspective studies Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...