tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking status and the effects of antiplatelet drugs
Authors: M. M. Hirschl
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Smokers benefit much more than non-smokers but are at increased risk of bleeding

Dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel and aspirin) is a cornerstone of treatment in acute coronary syndrome.1 Recently, new antiplatelet drugs such as ticagrelor and prasugrel have been shown to be better than clopidogrel in reducing fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in patients with the syndrome.2 3 However, subgroup analyses of earlier trials have raised concerns that antiplatelet therapy is not as effective in non-smokers as in smokers, a phenomenon known as the “smoker’s paradox.”4

In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5307), Gagne and colleagues report a meta-analysis of the effect of smoking on the efficacy of antiplatelet agents, including prasugrel and ticagrelor.5 The authors concluded that the clinical benefit of clopidogrel in …
BRAF and RAS Mutations in Follicular Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ji Young Park, Wook Youn Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, Sang Sook Lee, Hyunkyung Kim, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Young Bum Yoo, Kyoung Sik Park
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
Molecular characterization of a somatically mutated anti-DNA antibody bearing two systemic lupus erythematosus-related idiotypes.
Authors: A Davidson, A Manheimer-Lory, C Aranow, R Peterson, N Hannigan, B Diamond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We report the molecular characterization of 2A4, an IgG, DNA-binding antibody bearing the 3I and F4 idiotypes which are associated with anti-DNA antibodies in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The antibody is produced by an EBV-transformed B cell line derived from a patient with multiple myeloma whose myeloma protein is also an IgG, 3I-reactive, F4-reactive, DNA-binding immunoglobulin, although the 2A4 antibody does not itself represent the myeloma protein. The 2A4 heavy chain is encoded by a VH4 gene, a D-D gene fusion and the JH6 gene; the light chain is derived from a Vk1 gene and the Jk2 gene. This is the first human antibody shown to have a CDR3 encoded by a D-D fusion. DNA sequence analysis of the 2A4 VH gene together with a Southern blot of genomic DNA probed with a 2A4 VH-specific oligonucleotide strongly suggest it to be somatically mutated. The data provide evidence that human autoantibodies can be products of somatically mutated genes and suggest that the 2A4 antibody may reflect the selective pressure of antigen.
Abstract 2292: Enforced expression of miR-125b promotes the in vivo expansion of human Lin- CB multi-lymphoid progenitors (MLP) and AML leukemia stem cells.
Authors: Eric R. Lechman, Karin G. Hermans, Stephanie Dobson, Kolja Eppert, Mark Minden, John E. Dick
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We recently demonstrated stem cell gene signatures predict clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Eppert et. al., Nature Medicine, 2011). Concomitant to this work, miRNA signatures for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemia stem cells (LSC) were also generated. miRNA are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation and mRNA stability of protein coding genes with significant roles in the maintenance of human HSC (Lechman et. al., Cell Stem Cell, in press). To understand the functional role of miRNA in normal human blood development, we undertook an in vivo over-expression screen of 10 miRNA candidates over-represented in HSC and LSC. Lineage depleted human umbilical cord blood cells (Lin- CB) were transduced with lentivirus expressing either a candidate miRNA or control vector and xeno-transplanted into NSG mice. Three miRNA displayed a competitive growth advantage while 4 miRNA induced a growth disadvantage along with skewing of lineage output. A top LSC array candidate, miR-125b, showed the most pronounced phenotype with overt expansion of marked cells, enlarged spleens and increased lymphoid and erythroid output. Detailed analysis of miR-125b grafts revealed a greatly expanded MLP population, in comparison to HSC and MPP. Furthermore, upon enforced in vivo expression of miR-125b in 3 AML patient samples, we observed large increases in the CD34+CD117+ populations for all three AML samples, suggesting increased LSC numbers. Secondary LDA experiments revealed up to a 34 fold increase in LSC activity in comparison to control vector transduced AML cells. These data suggest that miR-125b normally functions in the limited self-renewal of lymphoid committed early progenitors and this function may be usurped during leukemogenesis to enhance LSC self-renewal. Citation Format: Eric R. Lechman, Karin G. Hermans, Stephanie Dobson, Kolja Eppert, Mark Minden, John E. Dick. Enforced expression of miR-125b promotes the in vivo expansion of human Lin- CB multi-lymphoid progenitors (MLP) and AML leukemia stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2292. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2292
The epidemiology of infertility in Aberdeen.
Authors: A Templeton, C Fraser, B Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To study the prevalence of infertility, both primary and secondary, outcome of pregnancy, occupation, and uptake of medical services in a total population of women from a geographically defined area. DESIGN--A postal questionnaire survey of an age cohort of women who had completed their fertility, and who were randomly selected from the Grampian Health Board9s primary care register. SETTING--Aberdeen city district. SUBJECTS--1024 Women in the age group 46-50, of whom 130 had to be excluded. Of the remaining 894 women, 766 (86%) responded to the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Response to questionnaire on pregnancy history, the length of time taken to become pregnant each time, and whether medical advice had been sought. RESULTS--Among the 766 women contacted, 602 (79%) reported no difficulties in having children, 56 (7%) had chosen not to have children, and the remaining 108 (14%) had experienced infertility, defined as having difficulty in becoming pregnant for more than two years. In total 68 (9%) women had primary infertility, of whom 41 (5%) eventually conceived. Of the 40 (5%) with secondary infertility, 23 (3%) conceived. Overall, 52 (7%) of the population were left with an unresolved problem of infertility. Only 67 (62%) infertile women had made use of hospital services, and a further 8 (7%) had consulted their general practitioners. Among those who conceived there was no difference in the proportion who sought advice compared with those who did not. CONCLUSION--The overall prevalence of infertility was 14%, although half of these women eventually conceived. Primary infertility was more common than secondary infertility. Only 62% of infertile women attended a hospital clinic for treatment of their infertility.
Feasibility of screening toddlers for iron deficiency anaemia in general practice
Authors: J. A James, G. J Laing, S. Logan, M. Rossdale
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Iron deficiency is the commonest cause of anaemia in children in the United Kingdom and is reported to be associated with psychomotor delay; it is reversible by iron treatment.1 2 Screening for iron deficiency anaemia in toddlers could become a routine part of child health promotion.3

Screening at 13-14 months was introduced in an inner city practice (by JAJ) in 1987. Coverage exceeds 90%.4 We examined the feasibility of extending screening to other practices in the same city. Practices 1 (JAJ) and 3 serve deprived inner city communities with half of the population from ethnic minority groups; practice 2 serves a relatively affluent population; practices 4 and 5 have largely working class populations.

The screening programme was agreed between JAJ and general practitioners from four other practices who …
The Significance of the New Blood Clotting Factors in Clinical Medicine.
Authors: I. S. Wright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Significance of the New Blood Clotting Factors in Clinical Medicine.I. S. Wright, M.D., F.A.C.P.I. S. Wright, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-686_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent years a number of factors which affect the clotting of the blood have been recognized, described, and assigned symbols by the International Committee on Blood Clotting Factors. These include Factors VII, IX, X, XI, and XII. Exhaustive studies have been carried out by individuals and by the Committee regarding the physical, chemical, and pharmacological characteristics of these factors. The deficiency of each of these factors is capable of producing pathological states and frequently clinical manifestations. In some instances, this has become serious and even life-threatening. Some of these deficiency states are hereditary, following a mendelian pattern. While some... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByObserving and Analyzing the ζ Aurigae Systems 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 686-686KeywordsBlood coagulation Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
1016-155 Tissue Doppler versus strain rate imaging for detecting left ventricular aneurysm: Studies in an in vitro model of the myocardium
Authors: Megan E Healy, Ikuo Hashimoto, Rahul Deb, Julia C Swanson, Muhammad Ashrat, Xiaoku Li, David J Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Authors' reply to Mark Jones's second critique of the study by Muthuri and colleagues reported in The BMJ
Authors: P. R. Myles, J. Leonardi-Bee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Mark Jones has misunderstood our methods described in the paper by Muthuri and colleagues and our response to his previous critique.1 2 3 4

Our published paper reported the results of two separate survival analyses using a Cox regression shared frailty model. The first survival analysis was prompted by the question of whether treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors was associated with a reduction in mortality as compared with no antiviral treatment. For this analysis we followed the exact approach suggested by Jones—we modelled treatment as a time dependent covariate that equals 0 while the patient is untreated then becomes 1 when treatment begins (with untreated patients being coded as 0 for the entire duration of follow-up). This analysis yielded an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.58; …
Does thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) perfusion grade 2 represent a mostly patent artery or a mostly occluded artery? Enzymatic and electrocardiographic evidence from the TEAM-2 study
Authors: Labros Karagounis, Sherman G Sorensen, Ronald L Menlove, Fidela Moreno, Jeffrey L Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Evidence for a Common, Saturable, Triglyceride Removal Mechanism for Chylomicrons and Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Man
Authors: John D. Brunzell, william R. Hazzard, Daniel Porte, Edwin L. Bierman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Hypertriglyceridemic subjects were fed diets in which dietary fat calories were held constant, but carbohydrate calories were varied. Three subjects with fasting chylomicronemia (Type V) were given less carbohydrate and four subjects without fasting chylomicronemia (Type IV) were fed diets with more calories as carbohydrate. The restricted carbohydrate intake led to disappearance of chylomicronemia in those subjects who had chylomicronemia on a normal diet (Type V to IV). In those subjects without chylomicronemia, chylomicronemia appeared in response to increased carbohydrate intake (Type IV to V). Thus chylomicron concentrations in plasma were altered even though fat intake and presumably chylomicron input into plasma was kept constant. These findings provide evidence for saturation of chylomicron removal mechanisms by alteration of endogenous triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations. They suggest that chylomicrons compete with very low density lipoproteins for similar removal mechanisms. The relationship between endogenous triglyceride concentration and the lipolytic activity in plasma following heparin was then evaluated with the use of long-term heparin infusions to release and maintain lipolytic activity in the circulation. 10 subjects were placed on fatfree diets to remove circulating dietary fat. The plasma lipolytic rate during the heparin infusion was measured consecutively on different days in individuals whose triglyceride concentrations were varied by either increasing or decreasing calories. The lipolytic rate was curvilinearly related to the plasma triglyceride concentrations. This curvilinear relationship followed Michaelis-Menton saturation kinetics over a wide range of triglyceride concentrations on fat-free, high-carbohydrate diets, in multiple studies in a group of individuals. These studies suggest that endogenous and exogenous triglyceride compete for a common, saturable, plasma triglyceride removal system related to lipoprotein lipase.
Immunisation coverage in India remains too low, study finds
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The proportion of Indian children between 12 months and 23 months who have had all their vaccinations has increased only moderately in 15 years from 35% in 1992 to 44% in 2006, an analysis has reported. 

About half of eligible children in nine states across India did not receive complete immunisation, it found.

India has the highest death rate among under 5s in the world and immunisation is considered to be an effective lifesaver. According to World Health Organization guidelines, full immunisation coverage refers to …
EFFECT OF MANUAL THROMBUS ASPIRATION ON INFARCT SIZE ASSESSED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Jun-Won Lee, Sung-Gyun Ahn, Ji-Hyun Lee, Young Jin Youn, min-soo Ahn, Jang-Young Kim, ByungSu Yoo, seung hwan lee, Junghan Yoon, Kyung Hoon Choe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dangers of ozone depletion.
Authors: F Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Consider Aortoiliac lesion Yes Limb reconstruction insignificant?danger9 or angioplasty No No (30%) Angioplasty N m in Risk of operation Yes or follow up I_nvestigate (60%) danger?outweighs benefit further No Initial management of patients with,suspected arterial disease with decisions based on history, clinical examination, and information from non-invasive tests. ConclusionNon-invasive tests permit:* Confident exclusion of arterial disease * Assessment of the affected segment * Objective evidence of severity of diseaseFurther support for this comes from the Cleveland Clinic, where in a series of 1000 consecutive patients the presence of occult coronary disease was detected by routine coronary angiography in a large proportion of patients.The five year survival ofpatients with peripheral arterial disease and cardiac disease was 43% in the presence of severe three vessel coronary disease and 85% in the absence of such disease.Of those patients who had their severe coronary vessel disease corrected, however, 72% survived.Because of these figures a mortality of 20-40% at three years in patients with peripheral arterial disease is no longer acceptable.Referral of a patient for peripheral vascular reconstructive surgery provides an ideal opportunity for the diagnosis ofassociated coronary artery disease; such an opportunity may never occur again in his or her lifetime."* Erythema (sunburn) * Keratitis (snow blindness) Chronic: *
Electrical requirements for ventricular defibrillation.
Authors: J F Pantridge, A A Adgey, S W Webb, J Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Most deaths from ischaemic heart disease are sudden, occur outside hospital, and result from ventricular fibrillation. But defibrillators have only limited availability because of their size and weight. A miniature defibrillator has been developed. A singe low-energy shock succeeded in removing ventricular fibrillation in 73 out of 82 episodes, and a further shock was successful in seven more episodes. Primary ventricular fibrillation probably always responds to low-energy electrical shocks, which challenges the conventional view that correction of ventricular fibrillation requires high-energy direct-current shock. Thus even smaller and lighter defibrillators are possible. Furthermore low-energy shocks cause less myocardial damage.
Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant and Related Emergency Procedures in the Perinatal Center Special Care Nursery: Principles and Practice
Authors: Mary Ann Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In 1956 the Special Committee on Infant Mortality of the New York Medical Society published its first report, "Resuscitation of Newborn Infants." The aims of the committee were to study "methods of preventing perinatal deaths from asphyxia and ways by which its complicating effects could best be combated in those infants who survive." Since that report, three editions of a more comprehensive book have been published with these goals in mind. The third edition is a collaborative effort to coordinate information that may serve to prevent morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period. The goal was to present more than merely the mechanics of the immediate resuscitation procedures. In the first chapters, the authors have discussed factors that influence pregnancy and delivery, with an emphasis on preventive medicine. They stressed the need for close cooperation between obstetrician, anesthesiologist, pathologist, geneticist, and pediatrician to understand all of the potential influences in
Severe Lacerated Wound of Right Leg: Total Loss of Extensor Power: Successful Operation
Authors: J. T. Rudall
Journal: BMJ (1886)

My method of prescribing the drug was sometimes pure terebene alone-10 drops on sugar three times a day.In other cases, I com- bined it with cod-liver oil, as follows: pure terebene, two drachmscod-liver oil, to four ounces; two drachms three times daily.I could not say, however, that the effects produced were any better in the one case than the other.If there were any difference, pure terebene alone had the preference.Some of the patients complained that the medicine made them sick others that their appetite was improved by it.In a few of the cases, it appeared to have a laxative effect.In a very large proportion, drowsiness was complained of; while in some giddiness, or even a slight transient intoxication, was observed.
Productive infection of isolated human alveolar macrophages by respiratory syncytial virus.
Authors: J R Panuska, N M Cirino, F Midulla, J E Despot, E R McFadden, Y T Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and individuals with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies. Airway epithelial cells may be infected with RSV, but it is unknown whether other cells within the lung permit viral replication. We studied whether human alveolar macrophages supported RSV replication in vitro. Alveolar macrophages exposed to RSV demonstrated expression of RSV fusion gene, which increased in a time-dependent manner and correlated with RSV protein expression. RSV-exposed alveolar macrophages produced and released infectious virus into supernatants for at least 25 d after infection. Viral production per alveolar macrophage declined from 0.053 plaque-forming units (pfu)/cell at 24 h after infection to 0.003 pfu/cell by 10 d after infection and then gradually increased. The capability of alveolar macrophages to support prolonged RSV replication may have a role in the pulmonary response to RSV infection.
Health Reform and Physician-Led Accountable Care
Authors: Farzad Mostashari, Darshak Sanghavi, Mark McClellan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Even though most adult primary care physicians may not realize it, they each can be seen as a chief executive officer (CEO) in charge of approximately $10 million of annual revenue. Consider that a typical primary care physician has approximately 2000 patients, each of whom annually accounts for about $5000 for health care spending. Although primary care today accounts for only 5% of that spending, the decisions made in the primary care setting have important implications for downstream medical care, such as subspecialty referrals, imaging and other medical testing, invasive procedures, and hospitalizations. A group of 100 adult primary care physicians could potentially influence almost $1 billion in health care spending.
Clinical impact of the differentiation profile assessed by immunophenotyping in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lluı́s Colomo, Armando López-Guillermo, Marı́a Perales, Susana Rives, Antonio Martı́nez, Francesc Bosch, Dolors Colomer, Brunangelo Falini, Emili Montserrat, Elı́as Campo
Journal: Blood (2002)
Compulsory retirement of experts
Authors: H. S Bell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Sackett, in his article on the compulsory retirement of experts, suggests that experts are helpless to affect the victimisation that they may experience in their expert role.1 He speaks of the “sins” of experts as if they are immutable once present. The consequence of his answer, for the expert to withdraw from the conversation, is the loss of the expert's continued thought on …
Effect of Hemorrhagic Shock on the Phagocytic Function of Kupffer Cells
Authors: BENJAMIN W. ZWEIFACH, BARUJ BENACERRAF
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

This report concerns the phagocytic behavior of the Kupffer cells in the rat during hemorrhagic studies by quantitative technics. The rate of clearance (measured by colloidal carbon) was suppressed by 50 per cent after 3 hours. Efficiency of clearance (measured by uptake of radioisotope labeled albumin and chromium phosphate) was likewise markedly below normal. This factor was not due to reduced blood flow through the liver, as evidenced by measurements made 1 hour after blood replacement. Histologic evidence suggests two possibilities: a localized impairment of Kupffer cell activity in the area about the central veins of the lobule, or an abnormal circulation through preferential pathways restricted to the periphery of the liver lobule.
PRECIPITATION AND COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTIONS WITH RESIDUE ANTIGENS IN THE NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP
Authors: Charles H. Hitchcock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

The applicability to the non-hemolytic streptococci of the technique used for the extraction of a soluble precipitating substance from the hemolytic streptococci is demonstrated. With this substance as antigen, it is demonstrated by means of precipitation and complement fixation that the non-hemolytic streptococci form an antigenically distinct, but entirely heterogeneous group. Such cross-reactions as do occur within this group are not useful in the systematic classification of these organisms.