tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NEURASTHENIA AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EMOTION
Authors: HOWELL T. PERSHING
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The neurasthenic is always with us, appealing to our sympathy, knowledge and skill to restore him to comfort and usefulness. His sufferings, however he may exaggerate and distort them, are only too real; his disability is often most serious. We are eager to help him, but his symptoms do not yield to the treatment which would relieve similar symptoms due to other causes, while the indications for general treatment are often vague and uncertain. If we knew the fundamental nature of neurasthenia and could direct all our treatment toward its correction, surely we could do better. For more than twenty years a large proportion of my daily work has been with neurasthenic patients. The aggregate number of cases has been large, certainly more than a thousand, and each case has been carefully examined and studied, and the results have been recorded, in an effort to ascertain the causes and true
Immigrants and Health Care
Authors: Ajay K. Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Immigrants and Health CareAjay K. Singh, MBAjay K. Singh, MBNew England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his recent editorial, Dr. Evans [1] discusses the potential effect of the passage of Proposition 187 in California on the health care of immigrants. Although California voters have a legitimate problem with subsidizing health care for large numbers of illegal aliens, the passage of Proposition 187 is remarkably short-sighted. Illegal immigrants stay away from primary care providers because of the fear of having their undocumented status revealed. As Dr. Evans notes, lack of access to prenatal follow-up or to screening tests such as tuberculin testing, could lead to greater long-term expense. Another disquieting implication of Proposition ...References1. Evans CA Jr. Immigrants and health care: mounting problems [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:309-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 476KeywordsFearHealth careHealth care policyHealth care providersHispanic peopleMedical servicesPrevention, policy, and public healthTuberculin Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Experiments on people. In comment. .
Authors: R. J. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE COMMENTARY in this issue (p 257) by Irvine Page, MD, provoked in me a variety of reactions, including (1) agreement with his feeling that what we need most to guide us in conducting research involving human subjects is wisdom and common sense; (2) sympathy with his frustration in attempting to define "wisdom," "common sense," and "informed consent"; (3) disagreement with some of the assumptions implicitly or explicitly contained in his assessment of the role-relationships, responsibilities, and prerogatives of the public, the government, patients, subjects, physicians, investigators, and various professional or academic organizations; and (4) defensiveness (as a present or past member of all groups mentioned in category 3). I shall elaborate some of these reactions further. <h3>The Investigator's Risk</h3> Some physicians assume that investigators take considerable personal risk when they conduct experiments on patients. Thus, we might wonder what personal risk was assumed by Florey when he injected his
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in vulval lichen planus
Authors: F.M. LEWIS, C.I. HARRINGTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in vulval lichen planus. Patients with lichen planus should be examined for evidence of genital involvement. If this is present, such patients should be closely monitored, and any atypical lesions biopsied.
Vitamin D Status and Glucose Homeostasis in the 1958 British Birth Cohort
Authors: Elina Hyppönen, Chris Power
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. We evaluated the interrelationship between vitamin D status, body size, and glucose homeostasis, measured by HbA1c (A1C).Data are from the survey of the 45-year-old 1958 British birth cohort (2002-2004). Information on A1C, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; an indicator of vitamin D status], and BMI was collected from 7,198 Caucasian subjects.25(OH)D was < 75 nmol/l in 80% of the obese subjects (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) versus 68% of the other subjects (P < 0.0001). Serum 25(OH)D decreased and A1C increased by increasing BMI (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). There was a nonlinear association between 25(OH)D and A1C: a steep linear decrease in A1C by 25(OH)D until 65 nmol/l and only smaller decreases with further increases. There was evidence for effect modification by BMI in the association between 25(OH)D and A1C (P < 0.0001), and differences appeared stronger for participants with higher compared with lower BMIs. After adjustment for sex, season, geographical location, physical activity, and social class, percent change in A1C by 10-nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D was -0.21 (95% CI -0.31 to -0.11) for BMI < 25 kg/m2, -0.25 (-0.37 to -0.13) for BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, -0.65 (-0.95 to -0.34) for BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2, and -1.37 (-2.09 to -0.64) for BMI > or = 35 kg/m2.Body size was a strong determinant for 25(OH)D, with concentrations being suboptimal in most obese participants. Randomized controlled trials [using dosages sufficient to improve 25(OH)D also for the obese] are required to determine whether clinically relevant improvements in glucose metabolism can be obtained by vitamin D supplementation.
Potential fields generated by oblique dipole layers modeling excitation wavefronts in the anisotropic myocardium. Comparison with potential fields elicited by paced dog hearts in a volume conductor.
Authors: P Colli-Franzone, L Guerri, C Viganotti, E Macchi, S Baruffi, S Spaggiari, B Taccardi
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The potential distribution in a homogeneous, cylindrical volume conductor surrounding an isolated paced dog heart was first measured and then calculated by using a mathematical model that stimulates an anisotropic excitation wavefront spreading through the heart muscle. The study was performed with a view to establish to what extent the anisotropy of cardiac generators affects the potential field in the extra-cardiac conducting media at a great distance from the heart. The model considers an oblique dipole layer on the wavefront which, assuming axial symmetry of the electrical properties of the fibers, can be viewed as the superposition of an axial and transverse dipole layer. These layers are, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the local fiber due to such an oblique distribution is also equivalent to the sum of the potentials generated, respectively, by a normal and an axial dipole layer. In this form, the model generalizes the classical, uniform double layer model, upon which the solid angle theory is based, by adding to it an axial component. The features of the measured potential fields, which could not be interpreted on the basis of the solid angle theory, were satisfactorily reproduced by the model, at least on a qualitative basis. The results clearly showed the dominant role played by the axial component of the potential field even at a considerable distance from the heart.
The relationship between environmental monitoring and biological markers in exposure assessment.
Authors: S M Rappaport, E Symanski, J W Yager, L L Kupper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The poor quality of traditional assessments of exposure has encouraged epidemiologists to explore biological monitoring in studies of chronic diseases. Yet, despite theoretical advantages, biomarkers have not been widely used in such applications. This article compares the general utility of a biomarker with that of the measurement of exposure per se. Points are illustrated with a longitudinal study of boat workers in which levels of styrene in the breathing zone and in exhaled air were compared to sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral lymphocytes. First, the linear relationship is explored between personal exposure and the levels of a biomarker in the cohort. A good fit to the straight-line relationship reflected by a correlation coefficient which is close to 1, such as observed with styrene in exhaled air (r2 = 0.83), suggests linear kinetics, that the appropriate route of exposure was measured by personal monitoring, small interindividual differences, adequate sample sizes, and a specific biomarker. However, a small correlation coefficient, as observed between SCEs and styrene exposure (r2 = 0.11), indicates that either kinetics were nonlinear or that more complex issues were involved with one or more of these factors. Second, environmental and biologic measurements are compared for use as independent variables in establishing a straight-line relationship between exposure and the health effect. If the ratio of the within-person to the between-person components of variance of the independent variable is large, then significant attenuation results when estimating the slope of the line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modulation of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) in rats
Authors: P.L. Majano, C. Garcia-Monzon, U. Latasa, E. Garcia-Trevijano, F.J. Corrales, J. Camara, P. Ortiz, J.M. Mato, R. Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Personalised medicine for hypertension
Authors: M. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Measuring plasma renin could refine the treatment of resistant hypertension

The two broad reasons for tailoring antihypertensive treatment are that susceptibility to complications from treatment varies between people and hypertension has a variety of causes. It is well known that people with asthma should avoid β blockers and that men should avoid higher doses of spironolactone (because of gynaecomastia); the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) will soon be recommending diuretics over calcium blockade in the very elderly (>80 years) because of superior efficacy in preventing heart failure.1

More interesting but more challenging is whether treatment can be tailored to the pathogenesis of hypertension in individual patients. Hypertension has multiple causes, so treating all patients the same way is as illogical as it would be to treat all cases of anaemia with vitamin B12 or all cases of pneumonia with penicillin. Recent prospective randomised trials and post-hoc analyses of earlier trials and accompanying editorials provide the evidence and impetus needed to implement plasma renin measurement as the “bacteriology” of hypertension.2 3 4 5 

Although the early promise of genetic studies in hypertension and the availability of multiple distinct classes of effective drugs first prompted the exploration of individual variation in response, practical pharmacogenetics in hypertension now seems far off. Of 29 common variants so far associated with blood pressure, only one explains even 1 mm Hg of variance in blood pressure.6 The inference is that many hundreds, maybe thousands, of variants are needed to explain the inherited component of hypertension.

In contrast, the …
TREPONEMA MUCOSUM (NEW SPECIES), A MUCIN-PRODUCING SPIROCHÆTA FROM PYORRHEA ALVEOLARIS, GROWN IN PURE CULTURE
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

1. A mucin-producing spirochoeta has been obtained in pure culture from a case of pyorrhea alveolaris. This organism is an independent species of the genus Treponema and, as it is recognized for the first time, I propose for it the name Treponema mucosum. 2. Morphologically the mucosum is difficult to separate from the pallidum and microdentium, but, through its biological properties and animal reactions it is easily differentiated from all the rest of the spirochoetae. 3. The mucosum is not parasitic in the strict sense of the term, but exerts a certain pyogenous action when the tissue has been so injured by foreign substances as to enable it to survive. 4. The strong fetid odor in the discharge from pyorrhea alveolaris is due, at least in part, to the presence of the mucosum in the affected tissue.
Comparison between nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation combined with oxygen therapy and oxygen monotherapy in patients with severe COPD.
Authors: C C Lin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We evaluated the benefits of O2 therapy and nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with or without O2 in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twelve patients with severe COPD and nocturnal oxygen desaturation, who had not been receiving long-term O2 therapy and who could tolerate more than 2 wk of NPPV therapy, were enrolled in this study in a stable condition. Data on pulmonary function tests (PFTS), arterial blood gases (ABG), right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) from nuclear medicine studies, and overnight sleep studies were collected at the beginning of the study and after each 2 wk of therapy with O2, NPPV, or NPPV with O2. Patients received O2 monotherapy or NPPV for sequential 2-wk periods in a randomized, cross-over design, followed by 2 wk of NPPV with O2. Hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HVR) in the study group, as measured by mouth occlusion pressure in the first 100 ms of inspiration against an occluded airway (P0.1), were compared with normal controls and repeated after 2 wk of therapy with NPPV with O2. The results revealed no significant changes in the percent of each sleep stage regardless of the treatment modality. However, sleep efficiency was poorer when NPPV was used than when it was not used. NPPV alone did not improve nocturnal oxygenation when compared with the baseline sleep study. Oxygen monotherapy was better than NPPV therapy for improving nocturnal oxygenation. NPPV plus O2 therapy showed no benefits over O2 monotherapy in either RVEF or LVEF, ABG, or HVR. In conclusion, for severe COPD patients, O2 therapy is more effective than NPPV for improving nocturnal oxygenation.
Attenuated liver fibrosis in the absence of B cells
Authors: T. I. Novobrantseva
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Analysis of mononuclear cells in the adult mouse liver revealed that B cells represent as much as half of the intrahepatic lymphocyte population. Intrahepatic B cells (IHB cells) are phenotypically similar to splenic B2 cells but express lower levels of CD23 and CD21 and higher levels of CD5. IHB cells proliferate as well as splenic B cells in response to anti-IgM and LPS stimulation in vitro. VDJ gene rearrangements in IHB cells contain insertions of N,P region nucleotides characteristic of B cells maturing in the adult bone marrow rather than in the fetal liver. To evaluate whether B cells can have an impact on liver pathology, we compared CCl4-induced fibrosis development in B cell-deficient and wild-type mice. CCl4 caused similar acute liver injury in mutant and wild-type mice. However, following 6 weeks of CCl4 treatment, histochemical analyses showed markedly reduced collagen deposition in B cell-deficient as compared with wild-type mice. By analyzing mice that have normal numbers of B cells but lack either T cells or immunoglobulin in the serum, we established that B cells have an impact on fibrosis in an antibody- and T cell-independent manner.
T Cell Receptor β Chain Lacking the Large Solvent-exposed Cβ FG Loop Supports Normal α/β T Cell Development and Function in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Sylvie Degermann, Giuseppina Sollami, Klaus Karjalainen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The striking and unique structural feature of the T cell receptor (TCR) β chain is the bulky solvent-exposed FG loop on the Cβ domain, the size of almost half an immunoglobulin domain. The location and size of this loop suggested immediately that it could be a crucial structural link between the invariant CD3 subunits and antigen-recognizing α/β chains during TCR signaling. However, functional analysis does not support the above notion, since transgene coding for TCR β chain lacking the complete FG loop supports normal α/β T cell development and function.
Global Health &amp;amp; Global Aging
Authors: Thomas A. Faunce
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholesterol screening and life assurance.
Authors: H A Neil, D Mant
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To examine how insurance companies assess proposals for life assurance from applicants with raised cholesterol concentrations and to determine the excess mortality rating applied.Survey of 49 companies underwriting term life assurance.United Kingdom.Four fictional men aged 30 seeking 20 year term policies paying benefit only on death. Two had total cholesterol concentrations of 6.4 and 8.1 mmol/l but no other cardiovascular risk factors; one was overweight, hypertensive, smoked 20 cigarettes daily, and had a total cholesterol concentration of 8.1 mmol/l; and one had possible familial hypercholesterolaemia and a total cholesterol concentration of 10.7 mmol/l after treatment.Percentage excess mortality rating.All companies used explicit criteria to assess the mortality risk associated with hyperlipidaemias, and 47 companies applied the same criteria to men and women. No excess mortality rating was imposed on an applicant with a total cholesterol concentration of 6.4 mmol/l, but a small excess was applied to an applicant with a concentration of 8.1 mmol/l (median excess 50%, range 0-75%). When multiple cardiovascular risk factors were present the same concentration of 8.1 mmol/l resulted in a substantial excess (median 135%, range 50-200%). A smaller but more variable excess was applied to an applicant with possible familial hypercholesterolaemia (median 75%, range 0-200%).Despite considerable differences among companies in the excess mortality ratings applied, increases in term life assurance premiums are likely to be restricted to patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia, in particular those with familial hypercholesterolaemia. In the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors milder hypercholesterolaemia is unlikely to result in higher premiums.
Abstract P4-09-04: Weight loss and lipid-lowering efficacy of a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted diet intervention on postmenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: AK Krie, KN Bohlen, H Demuth, C Ageton, D Norfolk, J Kittelsrud, R Thomes, A Fahrendorf, J Muth, LA Rojas-Espaillat, GE Davies, Y Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Obesity and weight gain are associated with higher rates of breast cancer recurrence and increased mortality. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer survivors. Control of body weight and cardiovascular risk factors are key aspects in breast cancer survivorship. The purpose of our study was to see if a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted dietary intervention could be implemented in a group of obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors to achieve weight loss and improved lipid profiles. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients were enrolled on a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted dietary intervention. The dietary intervention utilizes 0.5g protein/pound (actual body weight), less than 40 grams of carbohydrates, and 800-1200 calories per day. Body weight, body fat percentage, blood triglyceride level, and total cholesterol level were measured and monitored, during the dietary intervention. Results: The average weight loss spanned 23.8 weeks (varying from 5 to 59 weeks). When compared with the mean body weight prior to the dietary intervention, the mean body weight was reduced by 19.9% (equivalent to 43.7 pounds). The mean body fat percentage was reduced by 6.86%. In addition, the dietary intervention significantly decreased the patients’ blood triglyceride level by 33.8% (p = 0.00013). The mean total cholesterol level was decreased by 9.5% with the dietary intervention (p = 0.00498). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted diet resulted in significant weight loss with improved lipid profiles. This study suggests that this dietary intervention is feasible in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors and a potential strategy for cardiovascular risk reduction. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-09-04.
Myeloid Progenitor Cells in the Premetastatic Lung Promote Metastases by Inducing Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition
Authors: Dingcheng Gao, Natasha Joshi, Hyejin Choi, Seongho Ryu, Mary Hahn, Raul Catena, Helen Sadik, Pedram Argani, Patrick Wagner, Linda T. Vahdat, Jeffrey L. Port, Brendon Stiles, Saraswati Sukumar, Nasser K. Altorki, Shahin Rafii, Vivek Mittal
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumors systemically initiate metastatic niches in distant target metastatic organs. These niches, composed of bone marrow–derived hematopoietic cells, provide permissive conditions for future metastases. However, the mechanisms by which these cells mediate outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells are not completely known. Using mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer, we show enhanced recruitment of bone marrow–derived CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid progenitor cells in the premetastatic lungs. Gene expression profiling revealed that the myeloid cells from metastatic lungs express versican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan. Notably, versican in metastatic lungs was mainly contributed by the CD11b+Ly6Chigh monocytic fraction of the myeloid cells and not the tumor cells or other stromal cells. Versican knockdown in the bone marrow significantly impaired lung metastases in vivo, without impacting their recruitment to the lungs or altering the immune microenvironment. Versican stimulated mesenchymal to epithelial transition of metastatic tumor cells by attenuating phospho-Smad2 levels, which resulted in elevated cell proliferation and accelerated metastases. Analysis of clinical specimens showed elevated versican expression within the metastatic lung of patients with breast cancer. Together, our findings suggest that selectively targeting tumor-elicited myeloid cells or versican represents a potential therapeutic strategy for combating metastatic disease. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1384–94. ©2012 AACR.