tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The prince and the professor: With respect, professor, the Prince of Wales is not so wrong
Authors: Bobby K Potter
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Baum's open letter criticised the unproved alternative therapies that Prince Charles was endorsing.1

Why is food seen as alternative? Although 13 glasses of carrot juice and coffee enemas may be yet scientifically unproved, food as a remedy for chronic disease is not. My father is working on a product …
Diffuse reduction of myocardial beta-adrenoceptors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A study with positron emission tomography
Authors: David C. Lefroy, Ranil de Silva, Lubna Choudhury, Neal G. Uren, Tom Crake, Christopher G. Rhodes, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Heather Boyd, Philip N. Patsalos, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Celia M. Oakley, Terry Jones, Paolo G. Camici
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Retroperitoneal perforation caused by precut biliary access in a Billroth II gastrectomy
Authors: J. García-Cano, M. Viñuelas-Chicano, E. Marqués-Medina, C. Gómez-Ruiz
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

An 81-year-old man was admitted because of cholangitis. He had previously undergone an open cholecystectomy and a gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction. Common bile duct dilation was present on transcutaneous ultrasound. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with a therapeutic duodenoscope was carried out. Standard techniques to cannulate the bile duct failed and a needle knife precut (NKP) was performed. Access to the common bile duct was gained ([Fig. 1]), and cholangiography showed common bile duct dilation but no definitive stones. The orifice of the KNP was enlarged by means of sphincteroplasty, and a retrieval balloon was passed several times ruling out choledocholithiasis. The patient did well during the entire intervention. In radiographs taken at the end of the procedure, the right kidney silhouette was clearly delineated ([Fig. 2]). A retroperitoneal perforation was then suspected and it was confirmed by a computed tomography (CT) scan. When reviewing the record of the procedure ([Video 1]), it was observed that the NKP was extended a bit beyond the papillary mound, upwards in the endoscopic view, which corresponded to downwards in the real papillary anatomy. Following surgical consultation, a decision to operate was made due to the huge amount of retroperitoneal air present. During surgery only a pinpoint perforation was noted in the papillary area but no attempts to close it were made and a T-Kehr tube was inserted. The patient recovered well.
HIV-specific humoral responses benefit from stronger prime in phase Ib clinical trial
Authors: Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Yunda Huang, Shelly T. Karuna, Samuel Chappuis, Julien Gaillard, Nidhi Kochar, Xiaoying Shen, Mary A. Allen, Song Ding, John Hural, Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F. Haynes, Barney S. Graham, Peter B. Gilbert, M. Juliana McElrath, David C. Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Nicole Frahm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

BACKGROUND. Vector prime-boost immunization strategies induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. We examined the priming dose and administration order of heterologous vectors in HIV Vaccine Trials Network 078 (HVTN 078), a randomized, double-blind phase Ib clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost regimens, with a New York vaccinia HIV clade B (NYVAC-B) vaccine and a recombinant adenovirus 5-vectored (rAd5-vectored) vaccine. METHODS. NYVAC-B included HIV-1 clade B Gag-Pol-Nef and gp120, while rAd5 included HIV-1 clade B Gag-Pol and clades A, B, and C gp140. Eighty Ad5-seronegative subjects were randomized to receive 2 × NYVAC-B followed by 1 × 1010 PFU rAd5 (NYVAC/Ad5hi); 1 × 108 PFU rAd5 followed by 2 × NYVAC-B (Ad5lo/NYVAC); 1 × 109 PFU rAd5 followed by 2 × NYVAC-B (Ad5med/NYVAC); 1 × 1010 PFU rAd5 followed by 2 × NYVAC-B (Ad5hi/NYVAC); or placebo. Immune responses were assessed 2 weeks after the final vaccination. Intracellular cytokine staining measured T cells producing IFN-γ and/or IL-2; cross-clade and epitope-specific binding antibodies were determined; and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were assessed with 6 tier 1 viruses. RESULTS. CD4+ T cell response rates ranged from 42.9% to 93.3%. NYVAC/Ad5hi response rates (P ≤ 0.01) and magnitudes (P ≤ 0.03) were significantly lower than those of other groups. CD8+ T cell response rates ranged from 65.5% to 85.7%. NYVAC/Ad5hi magnitudes were significantly lower than those of other groups (P ≤ 0.04). IgG response rates to the group M consensus gp140 were 89.7% for NYVAC/Ad5hi and 21.4%, 84.6%, and 100% for Ad5lo/NYVAC, Ad5med/NYVAC, and Ad5hi/NYVAC, respectively, and were similar for other vaccine proteins. Overall nAb responses were low, but aggregate responses appeared stronger for Ad5med/NYVAC and Ad5hi/NYVAC than for NYVAC/Ad5hi. CONCLUSIONS. rAd5 prime followed by NYVAC boost is superior to the reverse regimen for both vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immune responses. Higher Ad5 priming doses significantly increased binding and nAbs. These data provide a basis for optimizing the design of future clinical trials testing vector-based heterologous prime-boost strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00961883. FUNDING. NIAID, NIH UM1AI068618, AI068635, AI068614, and AI069443.
Plasma growth hormone responses to constant infusions of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor. Intermittent secretion or response attenuation.
Authors: C B Webb, M L Vance, M O Thorner, G Perisutti, J Thominet, J Rivier, W Vale, L A Frohman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Administration of human pancreatic tumor growth hormone (GH) releasing factor (hpGRF[1-40]) as a single injection to normal human subjects stimulates the secretion of GH in a dose-responsive manner. In the present studies, hpGRF(1-40) was infused in a graded stepwise manner over a 6-h period in order to determine whether the GH secretory response would be sustained. Normal adult males received four consecutive 90-min infusions of hpGRF(1-40) at doses of 1, 3.3, 10, and 33 ng/kg per min, preceded and followed by a 90-min saline infusion; and the plasma GH responses were compared with those during a separate control infusion. Plasma GH levels were significantly elevated by each hpGRF(1-40) infusion; and dose responsiveness was evident for the lowest three doses. Mean integrated GH secretory rates for the four doses were 1.95, 3.29, 4.29, and 3.65 times those of the respective control study. Plasma GH responses exhibited considerable variability, frequently decreasing during the latter part of each infusion; and at the highest dose, they decreased continuously beginning shortly after the onset of infusion. Episodic GH secretion occurred in individual subjects during each of the infusion periods. The possible contribution of hypothalamic somatostatin secretion to the diminished GH responsiveness was evaluated by determining plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during the infusions and the TSH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (500 micrograms i.v.) during a separate hpGRF(1-40) infusion of 2 ng/kg per min. Neither basal nor stimulated TSH levels differed between GRF-infused and control groups. The results indicate that GH secretion is dose responsive to hpGRF(1-40) infusions, though the response to hpGRF(1-40) infusions, though the response is complex. The absence of impaired TSH secretion provides evidence against a mediating role of somatostatin. The explanation for the loss of GH responsiveness remains undetermined but could include GRF-induced receptor down-regulation, a postreceptor effect, or, in spite of our negative results, a somatostatin-mediated inhibition.
Enhanced generation of monocyte tissue factor and increased plasma prothrombin fragment1+2 levels in patients with polycythemia vera: Mechanism of activation of blood coagulation
Authors: Abraham Kornberg, Naomi Rahimi-Levene, Rivka Yona, Abraham Mor, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Polycythemia vera (PV) is associated with a high incidence of thrombosis. The association of apparent and secondary polycythemia with thrombosis is not clear. It was suggested that activation of the coagulation system contributes to thrombus formation in PV. However, the mechanism of activation is unknown. Monocytes generate a potent tissue factor (TF) upon stimulation with various substances, which is involved in thrombus formation in various disorders. Therefore, we studied the possibility that the factor is involved in the activation of coagulation and thrombus formation also in PV. Unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from each of the different types of polycythemia expressed weak TF activity (2 U) and antigen (41.4 to 52.9 pg/ml), which were similar to normal controls. Following stimulation with endotoxin, PBMC from normal controls and from apparent and secondary polycythemia showed a 3.9- to 4.5-fold increase in TF, while cells from PV showed a 21-fold increase (P < 0.001). Similar levels were generated by PBMC after treatment of PV and at the spent phase. TF was generated by monocytes but not by lymphocytes. Plasma prothrombin fragment1+2 (F1+2) levels, assayed at the same time, were significantly higher in PV (2.46 nm) compared to normals and apparent and secondary polycythemia (0.22 to 0.32 nm), and were in a significant correlation with monocyte TF activity and antigen levels (r = 0.77, 0.87). The high levels of F1+2 confirm that the coagulation system is activated in PV. The increased capacity of monocytes to generate TF may be responsible for the activation of the coagulation system and thrombus formation. The hypercoagulability state that is induced by this mechanism suggests that long-life oral anticoagulation should be considered once thrombosis has been developed in PV. Am. J. Hematol. 56:5–11, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grants to Help Increase US Children's Immunity
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ANOTHER STEP has been taken toward vaccinating more preschool children. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ, is granting $9 million to develop systems for keeping track of the 1.2 million preschool children who are unimmunized or inadequately immunized against nine pediatric diseases. "This is an important concept that has become an issue for us in the past year, " says Roger Bernier, PhD, assistant director for science in the Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. A registry would make it possible to track all the children in the United States and assess overall immunization coverage levels, and would include a recall and reminder system to bring back children (who have had an initial series of shots) for subsequent doses, according to Bernier. The American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill, also has lent its support to a registry for immunization records of preschool children in the private
Management guidelines in essential hypertension: report of the second working party of the British Hypertension Society.
Authors: P Sever, G Beevers, C Bulpitt, A Lever, L Ramsay, J Reid, J Swales
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Several important new issues have arisen in the management of patients with hypertension. A working party of the British Hypertension Society has therefore reviewed available intervention studies on anti-hypertensive treatment and made recommendations on blood pressure thresholds for intervention, on non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, and on treatment goals. This report also provides guidelines on blood pressure measurement, essential investigations, referrals for specialist advice, follow up, and stopping treatment.
ACCURACY OF CARDIAC MRI IN THE ASSESSMENT OF REGURGITANT VALVULAR LESIONS USING STANDARD CINE IMAGING, A COMPARISON WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN A LARGE COHORT
Authors: Sabrina Sawhney, Katherine McGrath, Rena Toole, Michael Passick, Jeannette McLaughlin, Jie Cao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effect of Terbutaline on Cutaneous Responses in Man to Rechallenge with Allergen and Compound 48/80
Authors: Reidar Grönneberg, Kjell Strandberg
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Beta‐adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti‐allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the site of action further 15 atopic subjects were pretreated with 1 μg terbutaline injected intradermally (i.d.) followed by allergen challenge. Other skin sites challenged without such pretreatment served as controls. At different time intervals the skin was rechallenged with the same allergen, dissimilar allergen, or the histamine liberating agent, compound 48/80. In addition terbutaline was injected i.d. alone followed by allergen challenge at different time intervals to determine the duration of the anti‐allergic effect. Pretreatment of the skin with 1 μ‐g terbutaline inhibited skin reactions to subsequently injected allergen with approximately 80% (flare) and 60% (wheal) ( P &lt; 0.001) as compared with control. The inhibitory effect of terbutaline on the wheal and flare response to allergen was found to last up to 8 h ( P &lt; 0.01). Rechallenge with the same allergen or a dissimilar challenging agent resulted in a reduced skin reaction compared with control challenge ( P &lt; 0.01). Skin challenged with allergen in the presence of terbutaline gave a diminished response on rechallenge with the same allergen 24 h later, whereas rechallenge with an unrelated allergen or compound 48/80 produced a response similar to that of the control. The results suggest that allergen challenge in the presence (or absence) of terbutaline desensitizes the mast cells to further challenge with the same allergen and that terbutaline is capable of preventing mediator depletion of skin mast cells.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as Predictors of Vascular Events in Primary Prevention
Authors: Brendan M. Everett, Tanja Zeller, Robert J. Glynn, Paul M Ridker, Stefan Blankenberg
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome in primary prevention populations. Whether statin therapy modifies this association is poorly understood. Methods and Results— We measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hsTnI) in 12 956 and BNP in 11 076 participants without cardiovascular disease in the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial before randomization to rosuvastatin 20 mg/d or placebo. Nearly 92% of participants had detectable circulating hsTnI, and 2.9% of men and 4.1% of women had levels above proposed sex-specific reference limits of 36 and 15 ng/L, respectively. hsTnI concentrations in the highest tertile were associated with a first major cardiovascular event (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–3.06; P for trend &lt;0.001). BNP levels in the highest tertile were also associated a first cardiovascular event (aHR, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–2.68; P for trend &lt;0.001). The risk of all-cause mortality was elevated for the highest versus the lowest tertiles of hsTnI (aHR, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.81–3.78; P for trend &lt;0.001) and BNP (aHR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.04; P for trend 0.02). Rosuvastatin was equally effective in preventing a first cardiovascular event across categories of hsTnI (aHR range, 0.50–0.60) and BNP (aHR range, 0.42–0.67) with no statistically significant evidence of interaction ( P for interaction=0.53 and 0.20, respectively). Conclusions— In a contemporary primary prevention population, baseline cardiac troponin I and BNP were associated with the risk of vascular events and all-cause mortality. The benefits of rosuvastatin were substantial and consistent regardless of baseline hsTnI or BNP concentrations. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
Effect of Thiamine Deficiency on Potential Myocardial Contractility
Authors: EARL E. ALDINGER
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

After rats had been on a thiamine free diet for five weeks their myocardium in vivo showed a marked decrease (69%) of developed isometric tension. During the first two weeks on a thiamine free diet developed tension was within the control range; but by three weeks the developed tension and myocardial response to epinephrine were much diminished. The susceptibility of these animals to arrhythmias was increased markedly. The incidence of arrhythmias increased as the length of time on the thiamine free diet increased. In many instances terminal ventricular fibrillation occurred. The decrease of myocardial tension or potential contractility occurring in thiamine deficiency may be attributed, at least in part, to interference with energy liberation due to a reduction in the level of cocarboxylase which limits the utilization of carbohydrate by the myocardium.
Weight Loss in Severely Obese Subjects Prevents the Progression of Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Type II Diabetes: A longitudinal interventional study
Authors: Stuart D Long, Kevin O'brien, Kenneth G Macdonald, Nancy Leggett-Frazier, Melvin S Swanson, Walter J Pories, José F Caro
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine if weight loss may prevent conversion of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to diabetes, because weight loss reduces insulin resistance. The prevalence of IGT in the U. S. population is estimated at 11.2%, more than twice that of diabetes. Furthermore, because an oral glucose tolerance test is needed for its detection, most of these patients are undiagnosed. Screening for IGT would be meaningful if progression to diabetes could be delayed or prevented. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For an average of 5.8 years (range 2–10 years), 136 individuals with IGT and clinically severe obesity (&amp;gt;45 kg excess body weight) were followed. The experimental group included 109 patients with IGT who underwent bariatric surgery for weight loss. The control group was made up of 27 subjects with IGT who did not have bariatric surgery. The criteria of the World Health Organization was used to detect IGT and diabetes in this population. The main outcome measure of this nonrandomized control trial is the incidence density, or number of events (development of diabetes) divided by the time of exposure to risk. RESULTS Of the 27 subjects in the control group, 6 developed diabetes during an average of 4.8 ± 2.5 years of postdiagnosis follow-up, yielding a rate of conversion to diabetes of 4.72 cases per 100 person-years. The 109 individuals of the experimental group were followed for an average of 6.2 ± 2.5 years postbariatric surgery. Based on the 95% confidence interval of the comparison group, we would expect to find that between 22 and 36 subjects in the experimental group developed diabetes over the follow-up period. Only 1 of the 109 experimental-group patients developed diabetes, resulting in a conversion rate of the experimental group of only 0.15 cases per 100 person-years, which is significantly lower (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss in patients with clinically severe obesity prevents the progression of IGT to diabetes by &amp;gt;30-fold.
Effect of Oral Alpha-chymotrypsin on Sputum Viscosity
Authors: R. A. Bruce, K. C. Quinton
Journal: BMJ (1962)

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS sources of error are possible in ascribing the benefit to the drug when it is administered in this way-such as spontaneous improvement, desire on the patient's part to please the doctor, and the difficulty in assessing subjective symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, and sputum.Some of these disadvantages are overcome by using the double-blind method, but difficulties still exist, such as the accurate assessment of subjective symptoms.Measurement of sputum volume was rejected from this trial as being impracticable because none of the patients were in hospital and many were working.Moreover, failure on the part of the patient to use a container every time sputum was produced could lead to mis- leading inaccuracy.Summary A total of 164 male chronic bronchitics in Aberdeen and Preston expectorating mucoid sputum took part in a double-blind controlled trial using methyl cysteine hydrochloride (" acdrile ") and a placebo.The response was assessed by the patient's general practitioner by the severity of the following symptoms and signs at the beginning and at the end of each week in a four-week period-dyspnoea, wheeze, cough, sputum, rales, and rhonchi.Those having methyl cysteine hydrochloride showed a greater reduction in cough and sputum compared with the controls, this difference for both cough and sputum being significant at the 5% level.Differences in response between the drug and control patients for the other symptoms were not significant.This trial was made possible by the co-operation and interest of the general practitioners in Aberdeen and Preston, to whom our thanks are due.Our thanks are also due to Mr. R. Vaughan Hudson, who suggested and sponsored this trial.We also thank Berk Pharmaceuticals Ltd., London, for a generous supply of active and dummy tablets.
Scintigraphic Analysis of Hemodynamics in a Patient with a Single Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: KAZUYOSHI SUGA, TATSUYA KURAMITSU, TAZUKO YOSHIMIZU, TAKASHI NAKANISHI, NORIMASA YAMADA, HIROMOTO UTSMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A pulmonary perfusion study was performed on a 54- year-old man with a single large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (aneurysmal type) using Tc-99m MAA. On the static imaging, a defect corresponding to the location of the mass and right-to-left shunt was clearly documented. Decreased uptake of Tc-99m MAA in the lung field surrounding the lesion was observed and was thought to reflect a “steal” of blood flow by the fistula. One advantage of using radionuclide angiography with Tc-99m MAA rather than with Tc-99m pertechnetate was that it more easily provided a time-activity curve that added useful quantitative information about the altered pulmonary hemodynamics.
Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Clinical Importance and Research Relevance of the 2004 World Health Organization Pathologic Criteria
Authors: William D. Travis, Kavita Garg, Wilbur A. Franklin, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Bradley Sabloff, Masayuki Noguchi, Ryutaro Kakinuma, Maureen Zakowski, Michelle Ginsberg, Robert Padera, Francine Jacobson, Bruce E. Johnson, Fred Hirsch, Elizabeth Brambilla, Douglas B. Flieder, Kim R. Geisinger, Frederik Thunnissen, Keith Kerr, David Yankelevitz, Teri J. Franks, Jeffrey R. Galvin, Douglas W. Henderson, Andrew G. Nicholson, Philip S. Hasleton, Victor Roggli, Ming-Sound Tsao, Federico Cappuzzo, Madeline Vazquez
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Pulmonary dysfunction in advanced liver disease
Authors: Sucha Kim
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

PURPOSE: Abnormalities in pulmonary function have been reported in association with chronic liver disease of varied etiology. The aim of this study was to better define the frequency and nature of these abnormalities in patients who were being evaluated for liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a battery of pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs in 116 consecutive patients (50 men, 66 women; aged 19 to 70 years, mean 44.6 years) with severe advanced liver disease who were hospitalized specifically for evaluation for possible orthotopic liver transplantation and were able to perform technically satisfactory tests. In 17 patients, quantitative whole-body technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin perfusion scanning was also performed for assessment of possible right-to-left shunting through intrapulmonary vascular dilatations.