tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent Improvement of Gas Exchange and Lung Mechanics by Aerosolized Perfluorocarbon
Authors: MICHAEL A. KANDLER, KATHARINA von der HARDT, ELLEN SCHOOF, JÖRG DÖTSCH, WOLFGANG RASCHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The effect of aerosolized perfluorocarbon (PFC) (FC77) on pulmonary gas exchange and lung mechanics was studied in a surfactant depleted piglet model. Sixty minutes after induction of lung injury by bronchoalveolar lavage, 20 piglets were randomized to receive aerosolized PFC (Aerosol-PFC, 10 ml/kg/h, n = 5), partial liquid ventilation (PLV) at FRC capacity volume (FRC-PLV, 30 ml/kg, n = 5) or low volume (LV-PLV, 10 ml/kg/h, n = 5), or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) (Control, n = 5). After 2 h, perfluorocarbon application was stopped and IMV was continued for 6 h. Sixty minutes after the onset of therapy, PaO2 was significantly higher and PaCO2 was significantly lower in the Aerosol-PFC and the FRC-PLV groups than in the LV-PLV and the Control groups; p < 0.001. Six hours after treatment, maximum PaO2 was found in the Aerosol-PFC group: 406.4 ± 26.9 mm Hg, FRC-PLV: 217.3 ± 50.5 mm Hg, LV-PLV: 96.3 ± 18.9 mm Hg, Control: 67.6 ± 8.4 mm Hg; p < 0.001. PaCO2 was lowest in the Aerosol-PFC group: 24.2 ± 1.7 mm Hg, FRC-PLV: 35.9 ± 2.8 mm Hg, LV-PLV: 56.7 ± 12.4 mm Hg, Control: 60.6 ± 5.1 mm Hg; p < 0.01. Dynamic compliance (C20/c) was highest in the Aerosol-PFC group; p < 0.01. Aerosolized perfluorocarbon improved pulmonary gas exchange and lung mechanics as effectively as PLV did in surfactant-depleted piglets, and the improvement was sustained longer.
Rate of reversal of hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria induced by vitamin D and its 1alpha-hydroxylated derivatives.
Authors: J A Kanis, R G Russell
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The rate of reversal of hypercalcaemia or hypercalciuria induced by calciferol, dihydrotachysterol, 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha-OHD3), or 1-alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha, 25-(OH)2D3) was measured in three normal subjects, two patients with osteoporosis, and 14 patients with disorders resistant to vitamin D. The half time for reversal after stopping 1-alpha, 25 (OH)2D3 was less than that after stopping 1-alpha-OHD3, calciferol, or dihydrotachysterol. The differences observed were independent of the dose given or length of treatment. When 1-alpha-OHD3 or 1-alpha-25-(OH)2D3 was stopped patients with vitamin D resistant states (hypoparathyroidism, renal tubular hypophosphataemia, or chronic renal failure) showed less rapid reversal of hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria than did normal subjects. These studies show one potential advantage of 1-alpha-25-(OH)2D3 over vitamin D, and possibly over 1-alpha-OHD3, in the management of vitamin D resistant states.
Total hip replacement: indications for surgery and risk factors for failure
Authors: R W CRAWFORD, D W MURRAY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

A discussion between Dr. Dee Silver and Dr. Richard Trosch provides insight and advice for physicians considering a switch from immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (IR CD-LD) to RYTARY as a treatment for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The dialogue describes how they identify patients with PD who may and may not be successful switching to RYTARY, how they approach the conversion process and patient compliance, and how they address some side effects that may occur after patients begin taking RYTARY. The clinicians also discuss their experiences with how long it takes to establish a stable regimen as well as provide general advice regarding conversion from treatment with IR CD-LD to RYTARY.
Regulation of glucose homeostasis in rat jejunum by despentapeptide-insulin in vitro.
Authors: N Wollen, G L Kellett
Journal: Gut (1988)

The regulation of the absorption and metabolism of glucose in rat small intestine by insulin was studied by the perfusion of isolated loops of proximal jejunum in vitro. The addition of an active, monomeric form of insulin, despentapeptide-insulin, to the serosal side of the intestine from normal rats inhibited luminal glucose absorption (421 (11) to 285 (11) mumol/h/g dry wt, p less than 0.001) and lactate production (340 (28) to 192 (26) mumol/h/g dry wt, p less than 0.001), but had no effect on glucose utilisation (231 (11) and 210 (16) mumol/h/g dry wt). The production of acute insulin deficiency by the injection of anti-insulin serum in vivo caused a marked inhibition of luminal glucose absorption (421 (11) to 240 (13) mumol/h/g dry wt, p less than 0.001), glucose utilisation (231 (11) to 48 (2) mumol/h/g dry wt, p less than 0.001) and lactate production (340 (28) to 94 (2) mumol/h/g dry wt, p less than 0.001) in vitro. The effects of insulin deficiency were reversed by despentapeptide-insulin in vitro, so that the rates of absorption and metabolism for intestine from insulin deficient and normal rats were similar in the presence of the modified insulin. All the effects caused by insulin deficiency and despentapeptide-insulin were apparent within minutes and could not be attributed to hyperglycaemia. It is concluded that rat small intestine is subject to rapid and direct regulation by insulin.
Massive Tricuspid Regurgitation Identified on Renal Flow Scintigraphy
Authors: ARNOLD F. JACOBSON, MARKUS A. WHITLEY, SCOTT D. HARRISON, MANUEL D. CERQUEIRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A Tc-99m glucoheptonate renal flow study performed in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency and worsening congestive heart failure demonstrated evidence of massive tricuspid regurgitation, with activity appearing in a markedly dilated inferior vena cava within 4 seconds of the tracer bolus entering the right ventricle. Autopsy subsequently confirmed the scintigrapic findings, demonstrating an incompetent tricuspid valve secondary to immobilization of the posterior leaflet as a result of adhesions from a longstanding right ventricular pacemaker wire.
Breast Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Diana Crivellari, Matti Aapro, Robert Leonard, Gunter von Minckwitz, Etienne Brain, Aron Goldhirsch, Andrea Veronesi, Hyman Muss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Screening and adjuvant postoperative therapies have increased survival among women with breast cancer. These tools are seldom applied in elderly patients, although the usually reported incidence of breast cancer is close to 50% in women 65 years or older, reaching 47% after 70 years in the updated Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Elderly breast cancer patients, even if in good medical health, were frequently excluded from adjuvant clinical trials. Women age 70 years who are fit actually have a median life expectancy of 15.5 years, ie, half of them will live much longer and will remain exposed for enough time to the potentially preventable risks of a relapse and specific death. In the last few years, a new concern about this issue has developed. Treatment now faces two major end points, as in younger women: to improve disease-free survival in the early stages, and to palliate symptoms in advanced disease. However, in both settings, the absolute benefit of treatment is critical because protecting quality of life and all its related aspects (especially functional status and independence), is crucial in older persons who have more limited life expectancy. Furthermore, the new hormonal compounds (aromatase inhibitors) and chemotherapeutic drugs (capecitabine, liposomal doxorubicin), are potentially less toxic than and equally as effective as older more established therapies. These new treatments bring new challenges including higher cost, and defining their benefit in elderly breast cancer must include an analysis of the cost/benefit ratio. These issues emphasize the urgent need to develop and support clinical trials for this older population of breast cancer patients both in the adjuvant and metastatic settings, a move that will take us from a prejudiced, age-based medicine to an evidence-based medicine.
Improving Fairness in Coverage Decisions: Performance Expectations for Quality Improvement
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia, Deborah Cummins, David Fleming, Kari Karsjens, Amber Orr, James Sabin, Inger Saphire-Bernstein, Renee Witlen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Patients and physicians often perceive the current health care system to be unfair, in part because of the ways in which coverage decisions appear to be made. To address this problem the Ethical Force Program, a collaborative effort to create quality improvement tools for ethics in health care, has developed five content areas specifying ethical criteria for fair health care benefits design and administration. Each content area includes concrete recommendations and measurable expectations for performance improvement, which can be used by those organizations involved in the design and administration of health benefits packages, such as purchasers, health plans, benefits consultants, and practitioner groups.
PHYSICIANS AS PAUPERIZING AGENTS.
Authors: DOUGLAS H. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The writer has no desire to indorse any doctrine of socialism, communism or the like, but he wishes to call attention to two axioms which, though trite in themselves, are ever new in their application and abuses: 1, capital requires labor; 2, competition compels capital to lower wages. Without labor, capital may neither be accumulated nor maintained. Any sum of money must be dissipated eventually unless it brings interest, and interest, directly or indirectly, means the earnings of hand workers. The fundamental laws of progress, and of animal life itself, seem to begin at toil with the hand or its substitute. Thus we see large communities of brainless beings, and the descending scale brings us to the jelly-fish which presents only a stomach and tentacles—a perfect type of absorption and acoumulation. The brain may be essential to civilization, but without the hand existence would be impossible. Lower wages may be
Pharmacologic and Hemodynamic Influences on the Rate of Isovolumic Left Ventricular Relaxation in the Normal Conscious Dog
Authors: Joel S. Karliner, Martin M. Lewinter, Felix Mahler, Robert Engler, Robert A. O'Rourke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

We studied the effects of acute pharmacologic and hemodynamic interventions on isovolumic left ventricular relaxation in 19 conscious dogs using micromanometer tip catheters. Isoproterenol (11 studies) augmented peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure [(+) dP/dt] by 1,275±227 (SE) mm Hg/s (P < 0.001) and dP/dt at an isopressure point of 35 mm Hg during isovolumic relaxation [(−) dP/dt35] by 435±80 mm Hg/s (P < 0.001). Peak (−) dP/dt decreased by 467±89 mm Hg/s (P < 0.002). The time constant, T, derived from the logarithmic fall of pressure during isovolumic relaxation, shortened from 20±2.8 to 14.9±1.8 ms (P < 0.003). Calcium (11 studies) increased peak (+) dP/dt and (−) dP/dt35 (both P < 0.0001); peak (−) dP/dt was unchanged. T shortened from 20.4±1.8 to 17.3±1.5 ms (P < 0.002). Volume (13 studies) did not affect either dP/dt or T. Phenylephrine (13 studies) augmented peak (−) dP/dt, but reduced (−) dP/dt35 (both P < 0.01); T lengthened from 22.1±1.5 to 32.5±1.5 ms (P < 0.01). In 15 studies, rapid atrial pacing increased peak (+) dP/dt and (−) dP/dt35 (both P < 0.01). In the first post-pacing beat, peak (−) dP/dt and (−) dP/dt35 decreased (both P < 0.01), although peak (+) dP/dt increased further. T paralleled values of (−) dP/dt35. In five dogs, beta adrenergic blockade had no significant effect on any variable after calcium, volume, or phenylephrine infusion or during or after atrial pacing when the pre-and post-propranolol states were compared.
Epidermal reconstructs in vitiligo: an extrinsic factor is needed to trigger the disease
Authors: S. BESSOU, Y. GAUTHIER, J.E. SURLEVE-BAZEILLE, C. PAIN, A. TAÏEB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The primary cellular or molecular targets accounting for melanocytes loss in vitiligo are not clearly identified. To study a putative latent epidermal defect in the epidermis of vitiligo patients, we performed in vitro studies using cultured vitiligo melanocytes and keratinocytes transplanted on to a dead de-epidermized dermis according to a variant of Pruniéras' technique. Control autologous constructs were made with keratinocytes and melanocytes of normal adult epidermis and vitiligo epidermis from perilesional skin. For heterologous reconstructs we combined vitiligo-derived melanocytes or keratinocytes with their normal phototype-matched counterpart. After 15 days of culture at the air-liquid interface, epidermal reconstructs were studied macroscopically and microscopically. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to TRP-1 and NKI-beteb. All heterologous and autologous reconstructs made with melanocytes and keratinocytes from vitiligo patients had a normal histology and ultrastructure. For vitiligo melanocytes or normal melanocytes submitted to the influence of vitiligo keratinocytes, immunophenotype and function (pigment production and transfer) were similar to normal controls. So, without additional noxious stimuli, we could not discriminate between melanocytes and keratinocytes as inducers of the disease. Our data suggest that the basic abnormality in vitiligo vulgaris needs extrinsic factors to be macroscopically revealed or requires a longer period of culture to develop. Our model will allow analysis of the various pathophysiological mechanisms of vitiligo, e.g. autoantibodies or oxidative stress, at the cellular, biochemical or molecular level.
Cost of the National Health Service
Authors: F. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1949)

In the Beveridge Report, 1942 (Appendix A, p. 201), the cost of a comprehensive health service for Great Britain was estimated by the Government Actuary at roughly £170 million.On a basis of population Scotland's share can be taken at £19 million, leaving £151 million for England and Wales.The National Government White Paper, 1944 (Cmd.6502, Appendix E, p. 84), gave £132 million for England and Wales.The service contemplated was, however, incomplete, because it left £6 million to be provided for voluntary hospitals out of voluntary contri- butions and because "it would probably be several years before the net expenditure on the new dental services reached £10 million and on the new ophthalmic services £1 million"-a prediction very soon to be shown false.Allowing £4 million for a contemporary estimate for these two services, we get £142 million for a complete service.The White Paper, however, assumed the existence of 520,000 hospital beds, a figure which the subsequent hos- pital surveys showed to be an overestimate.The actual figures cannot be stated with precision, since in two out of the ten surveys the number is not stated.Calculating from the remaining eight, we may take the number of non-existent beds as 86,000.The White Paper estimate of £86 million for the total cost of the hospital services would therefore, if accurate, be £71 million, giving for the complete service £127 million.The National Health Service Bill, 1946 (Financial Memorandum, p. iv), reckoned the cost of a complete service at £152 million.Two years later the Minister of Health, in answer to Sir Ernest Graham-Little (Hansard, April 8, 1948), gave an estimate of £230 million at current costs.The corrected estimates for a comprehensive service are therefore as shown in Table I.TABLE I.
In vitro and in vivo degradation of porous poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) foams
Authors: Lichun Lu, Susan J Peter, Michelle D. Lyman, Hui-Lin Lai, Susan M Leite, Janet A Tamada, Shiro Uyama, Joseph P Vacanti, None Robert Langer, Antonios G Mikos
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Expression of collagen binding integrins during cardiac development and hypertrophy.
Authors: L Terracio, K Rubin, D Gullberg, E Balog, W Carver, R Jyring, T K Borg
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The interaction between components of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface of cardiac myocytes appears to be regulated in part by receptors belonging to the integrin superfamily. The expression of the integrins was investigated at different stages of development of the heart as well as during cardiac hypertrophy. The characterization of the membrane proteins showed that a beta 1-integrin and associated alpha-chains were responsible for the interaction with collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Immunoprecipitation data indicated that the presence of specific alpha-chains varied with development. These data were correlated with the ability of the isolated myocytes to attach to specific components of the extracellular matrix. The expression of the alpha 1-chain was prominently associated with the recognition of interstitial collagens. The presence of the alpha 1-chain was also associated with stages when collagen synthesis was increased, especially during fetal and neonatal growth and cardiac hypertrophy. Immunohistochemical localization with the antiserum against beta 1-integrin demonstrated its specific localization near the Z lines of cardiac myocytes. The localization both in vitro and in vivo indicated that the beta 1-integrin may play a role in myofibrillogenesis during development. The present immunohistochemical, cell adhesion, and biochemical data clearly indicate that integrins play a major role in the regulation of the interaction between cardiac myocytes and the extracellular matrix during development and disease.
Expression of insulin-like growth factor II and receptors for insulin-like growth factor II, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin in isolated and cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Eugenia Lamas, Frédérique Zindy, Danielle Seurin, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, Christian Brechot
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Insulin-like growth factor II is believed to play an important role in fetal growth and development. The insulin-like growth factor II gene expression is tissue specific and developmentally regulated. We have previously shown an enhanced level of insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA and protein in human hepatocellular carcinomas. This led to the suggestion that hepatocytes might be involved in insulin-like growth factor II expression. However, previous studies based on in situ hybridization only showed insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA in liver sinusoidal cells. This paper reports on the analysis of the expression of insulin-like growth factor II and insulin-like growth factor II, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin receptor messenger RNAs in vivo in isolated rat hepatocytes at various stages of development and in vitro in adult rat hepatocytes primary culture. Our study indicates that isolated rat hepatocytes synthesize insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA with a switch between fetal and adult messenger RNA profiles occurring 21 days after birth. In addition, adult rat hepatocytes in culture expressed insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA and protein. Insulin-like growth factor II, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin receptor messenger RNAs were also detected. Therefore these results are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor II acts as an autocrine growth factor for hepatocytes in addition to having a paracrine effect. They also indicate that primary culture of hepatocytes is a good model for further studies on insulin-like growth factor II gene regulation.
Perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with eclampsia.
Authors: H Wightman, B M Hibbard, M Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Out of all the women who were delivered in Cardiff maternity units during 1965-74, 43 developed eclampsia, an incidence of 72/100 000 deliveries. The incidence in residents of Cardiff was 53/100 000 deliveries. None of the mothers with eclampsia died, but 10 of the 47 babies were lost, all but one having been born to women with antepartum eclampsia. The perinatal deaths were mainly associated with chronic placental insufficiency and preterm delivery. The extent to which the wide range of complex drug regimens used influenced perinatal outcome is not clear, although polypharmacy should be avoided. Because eclampsia is rare we advocate that its management should be planned and rehearsed and that a simple, standardised treatment regimen should be used. Failing placental function may be detected by monitoring fetal growth by ultrasound.
Precordial ST segment depression in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction: different angiographic finding between right (V1–V3) versus left (V4–V6) leads
Authors: Y. Birnbaum, G.S. Wagner, K. Gates, D.A. Criger, S. Sclarovsky, R.J. Siegel, C.B. Granger, A.M. Ross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricuar fibrillation in conscious dogs with isolated right ventricular infarction: Relation to infarct structure
Authors: Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Kaoru Sugi, Masao Ohta, Michael C. Fishbein, William J. Mandel, Thomas Peter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
US academy warns of risks from shopping trolleys
Authors: Doug Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than 24 000 children in the United States were treated in hospital emergency departments in 2005 as a result of injuries from shopping trolleys, say a policy statement and technical report in the August issue of Pediatrics (2006;118:825-7 and www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2006-1217).

   ![][1] 

Seats for children are often at the highest point of the shopping trolley—maximising the distance in the event of a fall

Credit: BETH A KEISER/AP PHOTO

Eighty five per cent of injured children were under 5 …

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The Effect of Prostate Aspiration Biopsy on Serum Levels of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase and Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Anne Charrie
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor. —  Metastatic invasion is correlated with elevated prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels in 98% of patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, 1 and PAP therefore is considered to be a reliable index of metastatic invasion. A new biologic marker for follow-up and assessment of therapeutic efficacy in prostate cancers has recently been identified: prostate-specific antigen (PA). 2 In studying the value of prostatic aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, we noticed a transitory abnormally increased PAP serum level in many patients without cancer. We report herein a study of the influence of prostatic aspiration biopsy on serum levels of PAP and the new marker, PA.  Patients and Methods.—  Fourteen patients (eight with prostatic adenoma and six with prostatic adenocarcinoma) were subjected to transperineal prostatic aspiration biopsy using a needle (Tru-cut) of the Ducrot de Montera type. Blood from these patients was sampled 20 minutes before and 20 minutes
Bronchopulmonary Diseases and Related Disorders
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This large, two-volume book divided into eight major headings and 52 chapters brings together many of the best contributors ever assembled in the field of pulmonary medicine and surgery. The organization is excellent, the printing magnificent, the figures beautiful, and the list of references at the end of some but not all chapters quite comprehensive. One question remains—why was it done? It probably is a mistake for anyone other than a neophyte to read a book such as this. The reasons are simple. The information is, almost necessarily, superficial, dryly presented, and out of date, and the book suffers from the many omissions inevitable in a multiauthored text. It has not kept pace with the changing scene of pulmonary medicine. Monuments to antiquity, such as some of the surgical techniques for tuberculosis including collapse therapy, the Drinker respirator, a once important but now completely inadequate ventilation nomogram, and other relics
564 Spectrum of hepatobiliary disease in adults with heterozygous MDR3 deficiency
Authors: J.F. Lucena, J.I. Herrero, J. Quiroga, B. Sangro, F. Garcia, N. zabalegui, J. Garcia-Foncillas, J. Sola, M. Herraiz, J.F. Medina, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)