tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leisure Time Physical Activity Is Associated With Poor Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Women
Authors: Johan Wadén, Heikki Tikkanen, Carol Forsblom, Johan Fagerudd, Kim Pettersson-Fernholm, Timo Lakka, Mikael Riska, Per-Henrik Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—We studied the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and glycemic control, insulin dose, and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This is a cross-sectional study of 1,030 type 1 diabetic patients participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, a nationwide multicenter study. LTPA was assessed by a validated 12-month questionnaire and expressed in metabolic equivalent (MET) units. Patients were grouped as sedentary (LTPA &amp;lt;10 MET h/week, n = 247), moderately active (LTPA 10–40 MET h/week, n = 568), and active (LTPA &amp;gt;40 MET h/week, n = 215). Outcome measures were HbA1c, insulin dose, and eGDR (estimate of insulin sensitivity based on waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, and HbA1c). RESULTS—LTPA correlated with HbA1c in women (r = −0.12, P = 0.007) but not in men (r = −0.03, P = 0.592). Sedentary women had higher HbA1c than moderately active and active women: 8.8 ± 1.4% vs. 8.3 ± 1.4% vs. 8.3 ± 1.4% (P = 0.004), whereas HbA1c in men was 8.4 ± 1.3% vs. 8.2 ± 1.4% vs. 8.2 ± 1.3% (P = 0.774), respectively. In men, insulin doses were 0.74 ± 0.21 vs. 0.71 ± 0.20 vs. 0.68 ± 0.23 IU · kg–1 · 24 h–1 (P = 0.003). In both sexes, sedentary patients had lower eGDRs than active patients [median (interquartile range) 5.5 (4.0–8.2) vs. 6.8 (4.7–8.8) vs. 6.7 (4.6–8.6) mg · kg–1 · min–1; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for sedentary vs. others]. Age, obesity, smoking, insulin dose, social class, diabetic nephropathy, or cardiovascular disease did not explain the results. CONCLUSIONS—Low levels of LTPA were associated with poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetic women. Men seem to use less insulin when physically active. Increased LTPA levels were associated with increased estimated insulin sensitivity. Longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the effects of LTPA on type 1 diabetes.
Mercury Poisoning From Application to Omphalocele
Authors: Edward G. Stanley-Brown
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1957, Grob of Zurich recommended painting the exposed sac of an omphalocele with merbromin (Mercurochrome).<sup>1</sup>We employed this treatment for a giant omphalocele in a newborn, only to have the patient die of mercury poisoning. While this appears to be an infrequent occurrence, this potentially fatal means of treatment should be reported. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was a 5 lb 8 oz black infant born to a gravida 1, para 0, O-positive, 28-year-old mother with normal results of serologic tests, at 36 weeks gestation. A giant omphalocele was present with an intact sac, and the base measured 5 × 6 cm. The distance from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis was 9 × 6 cm. The liver was within the omphalocele as well as were most of the intestines. The abdominal cavity appeared extremely small. Aside from bilateral undescended testicles all was
Growing cognition from recycled parts
Authors: Robert Leech, Denis Mareschal, Richard P. Cooper
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract In this response, we reiterate the importance of development (both ontogenetic and phylogenetic) in the understanding of a complex cognitive skill – analogical reasoning. Four key questions structure the response: Does relational priming exist, and is it sufficient for analogy? What do we mean by relations as transformations? Could all or any relations be represented as transformations? And what about the challenge of more complex analogies? In addressing these questions we bring together a number of supportive commentaries, strengthening our emergentist case for analogy (in particular with insights from comparative psychology), and review new supportive evidence. We also rebut those commentaries that ignore development at their peril. Along the way, we revisit the main assumptions underlying the analogy as relational priming (ARP) account of analogy, clarifying and elaborating as necessary.
Factor V leiden mutation does not account for central venous catheter-related thrombosis
Authors: Michele Riordan, Paul L. Weiden
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Indwelling central venous access devices are frequently associated with catheter-related thrombosis. The factor V Leiden gene mutation decreases the sensitivity of factor V to the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C, and has been shown to be the most common inherited defect associated with a hypercoagulable state. In this study, we sought to determine whether an increased prevalence of the factor V gene mutation could be identified in individuals with malignancies who had catheter-related thrombosis. Twenty-seven patients who had catheter-related thrombosis were identified and two (7%) tested positive for the heterozygous presence of the factor V gene mutation. Since the vast majority of patients with venous access devices who developed catheter-related thrombosis did not have the factor V gene mutation, pre-catheter placement testing for this mutation would have limited clinical utility. Am. J. Hematol. 58:150–152, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 87: Duration of Longest Chest Compression Interruption Predicts Poor Cardiac Arrest Survival Independent of Chest Compression Fraction
Authors: Tom F Brouwer, Robert G Walker, Fred W Chapman, Rudolph W Koster
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Long pauses in chest compressions (cc) are thought to be harmful. However, prior clinical analyses have only evaluated peri-shock pauses (PSP) of the first 1 - 3 shocks, or cc fraction over the first few minutes of the resuscitation. We analyzed full recordings from a large cohort of resuscitations to explore relationships between long PSPs, long pauses for other reasons (non-PSP), and survival. Methods In an observational study of prospectively collected data, we enrolled all patients with cardiac cause out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting with VT/VF during calendar year 2009 in five EMS systems. Continuous ECG and impedance recordings from all defibrillators (AED and manual) used during resuscitation were analyzed to measure longest PSP (longest interval without cc containing a shock), and longest non-PSP (longest interval without cc prior to the last shock, and not containing a shock). Because pause durations are inversely related to cc fraction, we also measured cc fraction over the entire resuscitation. Results In 319 enrolled patients, survival rate was 38% and CC fraction was median (IQR) 79% (71%, 84%). Longest PSP was 26 (16, 42) sec and longest non-PSP was 24 ( 11, 38) sec. Both the longest PSP [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.91 per 5 sec increment (0.86, 0.97)] and the longest non-PSP [OR = 0.84 (0.76, 0.92)] were significantly associated with survival to discharge in a multivariate regression model adjusting for recognized Utstein predictors. These significant associations did not change when additionally adjusted for cc fraction. In 36% of patients, the longest non-PSP was ≥ the longest PSP. Survival was significantly lower in this group than in the 64% of patients where the longest PSP was longer than any non-PSP (27% vs 44%, p=0.004), despite a higher median CC fraction (80% vs 77%, p=0.04). Conclusions Prolonged cc pauses have a significant negative association with survival that is not explained by chest compression fraction. The longest non-PSP had a lower odds ratio for survival than the longest PSP, and it was the longest pause prior to the last shock in more than a third of the cases. Avoiding long pauses for interventions other than defibrillation may be even more important than minimizing PSPs or further increasing chest compression fraction.
P604 INSULIN RESISTANCE IN NK CELLS FROM F4-FIBROSIS INHIBIT mTOR EXPRESSIONS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED F-ACTIN AND KILLING ABILITY IN NASH PATIENTS
Authors: J. Amer, M. Mahamid, L. Abu-Tair, S. Doron, R. Ghantous, R. Safadi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Neurosyphilis in HIV-Infected Persons
Authors: Daniel M. Musher, Robert E. Baughn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

At the beginning of this century, while he was developing schedules for the treatment of syphilis with arsphenamine, Ehrlich discovered that inadequate therapy for early syphilis was followed within 6 to 12 months by the appearance of neurologic disease that he called neurorecurrence.1 This early neurosyphilis was unlike typical tertiary neurosyphilis, which develops after a much longer period of latency, in that it involved mesodermal rather than ectodermal tissues and, consequently, was characterized by acute meningitis, cranial-nerve abnormalities, or stroke rather than by dementia, psychosis, or tabes dorsalis. In the 1930s Merritt and his coworkers1 observed only 80 patients with . . .
P1110 HIGH-RESOLUTION HCV SUBTYPING USING MASSIVE SEQUENCING AND PHYLOGENY, OPTIMAL ALTERNATIVE TO CURRENT METHODS
Authors: J. Quer, J. Gregori, F. Rodríguez-Frias, M. Buti, A. Madejon, S. Perez del Pulgar, D. Garcia-Cehic, R. Casillas, M. Blasi, M. Homs, D. Tabernero, M. Alvarez-Tejado, J.M. Muñoz, M. Cubero, A. Caballero, R. Esteban, J. Guardia, J. Garcia-Samaniego, X. Forns, J.I. Esteban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Disinfection of Fiberscopes by Thermochemical Disinfection
Authors: A. L. Boks, A. A. Huurman, W. B. Leeuwen, M. van Blankenstein, J. H. T. Wagenvoort
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

A new fully automated washing and disinfection machine for fiberscopes was evaluated. This apparatus, the Endoscopic Thermo Disinfector (ETD) uses a combination of heat and a brand name disinfectant containing glutaraldehyde to fulfill its purposes. The disinfectant showed effective antibacterial activity at the concentrations used in the ETD. After artificial contamination of fiberscopes with high concentrations of various bacteria the washing and disinfection process was completely effective. Contaminated debris was also effectively removed from fiberscopes and from the inside of the washing machine during this process. A number of improvements in the design of the washing machine were implemented during the test period and suggestions for further improvements will be considered. Taking into consideration the reported effects of the disinfectant used against viral pathogens, the ETD washing machine effectively cleans and disinfects flexible watertight endoscopes.
Expression of functional interleukin 2 receptors by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: Z Toossi, J R Sedor, J P Lapurga, R J Ondash, J J Ellner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are "activated" by a number of criteria, including selective depression of T-lymphocyte responses to the mycobacterial antigen, tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD). We studied monocytes from patients with tuberculosis and healthy skin test reactive controls for expression and function of IL 2 receptors (IL 2R). Depletion of adherent monocytes increased the IL 2 activity of supernatants of PPD-stimulated T cell cultures from patients by 30-fold. When cultured with purified IL 2, adherent cells from the patients depleted IL 2 activity by 66%. Monocytes from patients displayed IL 2R on their surface as evidenced by anti-Tac reactivity, and released soluble IL 2R into the medium during culture. The release of soluble IL 2R was augmented when monocytes were cultured with PPD. Finally, freshly isolated adherent monocytes from patients but not healthy individuals expressed the gene encoding Tac protein. Thus, blood monocytes from patients with tuberculosis express functional IL 2R constitutively. This property may be important in the immunoregulatory and effector function of mononuclear phagocytes during tuberculosis.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy for diagnosing lung cancer<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Florian S. Fuchs, Sabine Zirlik, Kai Hildner, Juergen Schubert, Michael Vieth, Markus F. Neurath
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a novel endoscopic technique that may allow imaging of living cells in lung tissue in vivo. We assessed the potential of this technique for the detection of histology during screening bronchoscopy for lung cancer. 32 patients with suspected malignancies underwent bronchoscopy with endomicroscopy using acriflavine hydrochloride. Standardised areas and localised lesions were analysed by in vivo confocal imaging during bronchoscopy and biopsies were taken. Confocal images were graded and correlated prospectively with conventional histology from biopsies. Acriflavine hydrochloride yielded high-quality confocal images and strongly labelled airway epithelial cells. No side-effects were noted. 75,522 confocal images from 56 different locations were compared prospectively with histological data from biopsy specimens. Endomicroscopy allowed subsurface imaging with detailed analysis of cellular and subcellular structures. Neoplastic changes could be predicted with high accuracy (sensitivity 96.0%, specificity 87.1%, accuracy 91.0%). Confocal laser endomicroscopy with acriflavine is a novel diagnostic tool for the analysis of living cells during bronchoscopy and permits virtual histology of neoplastic changes in the airways with high accuracy. This technique may enable the rapid diagnosis of neoplasia during ongoing endoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer.
The nano state
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Society for Social Studies of Science—4S—is a group of sociologists who study scientists and the social effects of their research. Last week I was lost in their vast international conference, which this year focused on the themes of medicine, health care, and technology.

I tried to get into a presentation entitled “My internet penis: male panics and the queering of penis enlargement emails,” but the punters had been queuing since dawn, and there was standing room only. Apparently some 6000 men every month hit …
Brucellar arthritis in children and its successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole).
Authors: F J Gomez-Reino, I Mateo, A Fuertes, J J Gomez-Reino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The clinical characteristics and the response to treatment with high doses of co-trimoxazole in 12 children with brucellar arthritis were analysed retrospectively. The children lived in an urban area and all but two had a history of unprocessed milk or cheese ingestion. Fever and oligoarthritis of the lower extremities were the most common clinical findings. Control of the disease was achieved by three months of treatment. Compliance with the medication was excellent, and no significant side effects occurred.
Monitoring disease progression in COPD patients: one step beyond!
Authors: P.-R. Burgel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive [1], and its severity has long been classified using forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted. Although levels of FEV1 were often reported to predict mortality, the observation that other pulmonary and extrapulmonary variables also predicted mortality led to the development of various multidimensional indices to predict survival in COPD [2]. The BODE index, which comprises nutritional status assessed by body mass index (BMI), airflow obstruction (FEV1 % pred), dyspnoea (using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale) and exercise capacity (6-min walking distance (6MWD)), was developed 10 years ago as a predictor of all-cause and respiratory mortality [3]. The BODE index has been externally validated in many settings and remains one of the best multidimensional tools for predicting mortality in COPD patients [2]. Surprisingly, very little data are available on longitudinal evolution of the BODE index in cohorts of COPD patients.

In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Casanova et al. [4] analysed longitudinal variability of the BODE index in a hospital-based cohort of (mostly male) COPD patients. The authors used an original methodology in which subjects were categorised on the basis of their pattern of variability in BODE index over 4 years or more. Interestingly, the authors found that obtaining data of variability of yearly BODE index over 2 years was sufficient to determine impact on mortality. Thus, Casanova et …
Alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy: review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and their implications for human risk assessment.
Authors: J A Swenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This paper reviews what is known about the induction of alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy and carcinogenesis. This unique male-rat-specific disease is associated with exposure to an ever-increasing number of chemicals. The processes leading to nephropathy and renal cancer are among the best-understood mechanisms for nongenotoxic chemicals and strongly support that it is a male-rat-specific process that is not relevant for human risk assessment. Nevertheless, the data available for individual chemicals vary greatly. This necessitates a case-by-case analysis of the available data when determining the relevance for humans of this chemically induced renal disease in male rats.
Inhibition of acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis by hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and betamethasone 17-valerate
Authors: HEIKKI SAARNI, VAINO K. HOPSU-HAVU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Inhibition of acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis by hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate and betamethasone 17‐valerate Get access HEIKKI SAARNI, HEIKKI SAARNI Departments of Medical Chemistry and Dermatology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku 52, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VÄINÖ K. HOPSU‐HAVU VÄINÖ K. HOPSU‐HAVU Departments of Medical Chemistry and Dermatology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku 52, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 505–507, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14127.x Published: 01 May 1977
Skin Homografts in Dogs Deficient in Pyridoxine
Authors: Arthur L. Humphries
Journal: JAMA (1961)

WEANLING rats tolerated skin homografts longer, Fisher et al.<sup>1</sup>reported, if made deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B<sub>6</sub>); but human volunteers did not when made acutely deficient.<sup>2</sup>In the present study, begun before Fisher's study with humans, some dogs tolerated homografts longer if made chronically deficient. <h3>Methods</h3> All dogs were small, healthy, adult, mongrel males. Before the experiment they received a vermifuge and 2 injections of hyperimmune serum. Studies including body weights, complete blood counts, and total and fractional serum protein concentrations were obtained before the diet, before grafting, and about 12 days after grafting in most instances. In addition, in 10 control dogs serum protein concentrations were obtained on the 7th, 10th, 12th, and 14th days after grafting. Serum fractionation was done in duplicate with Spinco electrophoresis apparatus by Method A and B, Spinco Manuals R 1M5 and 01R-1. If a serum sample had visible hemolysis, indicating
Low-Osmolar Contrast Agents
Authors: William C. Black
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  In their article entitled  Introduction of Low-Osmolar Contrast Agents in Radiology, Mr Jacobson and Dr Rosenquist 1 conclude that low-osmolar contrast media should be limited to high-risk patients, for whom it is cost-effective. The authors calculate cost per year of life saved to be $106 000 ($3.4 million per 32 years) for average and $31 000 ($1 million per 32 years) for high- risk patients based on a life expectancy of 32 years for both groups. Clearly, however, many in the high-risk category, eg, elderly, diabetic patients with renal or cardiac disease, do not have a normal 32-year life expectancy. In fact, for high-risk patients with a life expectancy less than 9.4 years, the cost per year of life saved would exceed that for the average patient (despite the threefold risk of fatality in the high-risk patients). Such high-risk patients should not preferentially receive low-osmolar contrast media,
Identification of functional angiotensin II receptors on rat cardiac fibroblasts.
Authors: F J Villarreal, N N Kim, G D Ungab, M P Printz, W H Dillmann
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy results in an increased deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin and collagen. Recent evidence indicates that angiotensin II (Ang II) might have an important role in the development of myocardial fibrosis accompanying cardiac hypertrophy. We sought to determine whether fibroblasts of cardiac origin (isolated from neonatal and adult animals) express receptors for Ang II and to examine the ability of this peptide to regulate fibronectin and collagen gene expression in a cultured adult cardiac fibroblast cell preparation. METHODS AND RESULTS Binding of 125I-Ang II to both neonatal and adult cardiac fibroblasts in culture was specific, reversible, and saturable, with the receptor evenly distributed over the cell population. Competition binding experiments with receptor-specific antagonists indicate that Ang II receptors found on both fibroblast types were of the AT1 subtype. Analysis of mRNA levels for the AT1 receptor indicates that adult cardiac fibroblasts express higher levels of the message than neonatal fibroblasts or cardiac myocytes. Addition of 10(-9) mol/L Ang II to adult cardiac fibroblasts resulted in an induction of ECM proteins above control levels, as determined through Northern blots and total collagen assays. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that neonatal and adult rat cardiac fibroblasts in culture express AT1 receptors for Ang II. Ang II stimulation of AT1 receptors results in an increased gene expression for ECM proteins. These data suggest that Ang II might have important regulatory roles over cardiac fibroblast function under normal and pathological conditions.