tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidental Finding of Intense Thyroid Radiogallium Activity During Febrile Illness
Authors: WILLIAM B. WHITE, RICHARD P. SPENCER, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RONALD J. ROSENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Two elderly adults presented with fever of undetermined origin. Radiogallium imaging showed intense concentration in the thyroid, without abnormal localization elsewhere. In the first case, a repeat radiogallium study performed three weeks later was within normal limits. The patient had 0% uptake of radioiodide, and no demonstrable iodine within the thyroid. This probably represented thyroiditis. In the second case, an elevated T4(RIA) and borderline elevated T3 resin uptake suggested the “dumping phase” of thyroiditis. The two cases indicate that “benign” diseases of the thyroid can be associated with diffuse radiogallium concentration in the gland.
Quality of Breast Cancer Care: What Do We Know?
Authors: Jennifer L. Malin, Mark A. Schuster, Katherine A. Kahn, Robert H. Brook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To critically review studies that describe patterns of care for breast cancer patients and to examine the data sources used for case identification and determining patterns of care. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) in August 2001 for studies of breast cancer care published from January 1985 to June 2001. Thirty-eight articles, describing 32 studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS: According to the patterns of care literature, approximately 10% of women do not have an axillary lymph node dissection, 11% to 26% do not have their hormone receptor status reported, 20% do not receive radiation after breast-conserving surgery, and 30% to 70% of women with lymph node–positive breast cancer are not prescribed tamoxifen. Twenty-five (78%) of the studies relied on cancer registries for case identification. Cancer registries (47%) and the medical record (38%) were the most frequent sources of data on process of care. Twenty percent of the articles reported using more than one data source to determine patterns of care. CONCLUSION: Although more patterns of care research has taken place in breast cancer than in any other oncologic condition, we found the available data had many limitations. These limitations highlight the challenges of quality-of-care research. To track changes in the quality of cancer care that may result from our rapidly transforming health care system, we need reliable data on the quality of current practice.
Effectiveness of Gefitinib against Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with the Uncommon EGFR Mutations G719X and L861Q
Authors: Satoshi Watanabe, Yuji Minegishi, Hirohisa Yoshizawa, Makoto Maemondo, Akira Inoue, Shunichi Sugawara, Hiroshi Isobe, Masao Harada, Yoshiki Ishii, Akihiko Gemma, Koichi Hagiwara, Kunihiko Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

In non-small-cell lung cancer, an exon 19 deletion and an L858R point mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are predictors of a response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, it is uncertain whether other uncommon EGFR mutations are associated with sensitivity to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.A post-hoc analysis to assess prognostic factors was performed with the use of patients with EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion, L858R, G719X, and L861Q) who were treated with gefitinib in the NEJ002 study, which compared gefitinib with carboplatin-paclitaxel as the first-line therapy.In the NEJ002 study, 225 patients with EGFR mutations received gefitinib at any treatment line. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that performance status, response to chemotherapy, response to gefitinib, and mutation types were significant prognostic factors. Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter among patients with uncommon EGFR mutations (G719X or L861Q) compared with OS of those with common EGFR mutations (12 versus 28.4 months; p = 0.002). In the gefitinib group (n = 114), patients with uncommon EGFR mutations had a significantly shorter OS (11.9 versus 29.3 months; p < 0.001). By contrast, OS was similar between patients with uncommon mutations and those with common mutations in the carboplatin-paclitaxel group (n = 111; 22.8 versus 28 months; p = 0.358).The post-hoc analyses clearly demonstrated shorter survival for gefitinib-treated patients with uncommon EGFR mutations compared with the survival of those with common mutations and suggest that the first-line chemotherapy may be relatively effective for non-small-cell lung cancer with uncommon EGFR mutations.
Spotlights and letters
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

This week’s journal includes a new feature, a BMJ Spotlight. It’s modelled on Nature ’s Insight supplements, commissioned by the journal’s editors, and sponsored by one or more not-for-profit organisations. We plan to publish four a year, each exploring a topic from a range of angles through a specially commissioned collection of reviews.

Readers helped us choose the topics for our first two Spotlights via a poll we ran in 2008. We asked where improvements to health care would make the greatest difference to patients (www.bmj.com/content/336/7650.toc#MakingaDifference), and palliative care beyond cancer topped the poll. We quickly found sponsors committed to improving this area of health care: the British Heart Foundation and the National Council for Palliative Care. As Tony Delamothe, Mike …
Vaccine-Acquired Paralytic Poliomyelitis in an Unvaccinated Mother
Authors: Leonard J. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

LIVE oral poliovirus vaccine is responsible for the almost complete elimination of paralytic polio-myelitis.<sup>1,2</sup>Henderson et al's<sup>1</sup>data reveal the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis from live oral vaccine to vary according to the vaccine type and age of the recipient. The rate for type I vaccine is 0.17 per million doses administered; for type II, 0.02; and for type III, 0.4. In the older age group, especially for type III vaccine, the rate is 0.64 per million doses given. Dissemination of poliovirus occurs in close contacts following exposure to a recent vaccine recipient; however, cases of paralytic poliomyelitis acquired in such a manner have been exceedingly rare.
The Mental Health of Hospital Workers Dealing with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Yi-Ching Lu, Bih-Ching Shu, Yong-Yuan Chang, For-Wey Lung
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on health care workers in Taiwan. The possible predisposing and perpetuating factors in developing mental symptoms were investigated. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Participantsconsisted of 135 health care workers who had had contact with or took care of patients who were probable or suspected SARS cases, during the SARS outbreak, at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. All participants completed questionnaires, including the Chinese Health Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Parental Bonding Instrument. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Twenty-two participants (17.3%) developed significant mental symptoms, and 105 participants (82.7%) showed no obvious symptoms. The structural equation model showed that maternal care (β = –0.18, p = 0.011) and neuroticism (β = 0.54, p &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt;) directly influenced the ability of health care workers to deal with the impact of SARS. Maternal overprotection (β = 0.30, p &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;–4&lt;/sup&gt;) had an indirect influence on the ability to cope with the impact of SARS. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Both neuroticism and maternal attachment influenced the mental health of health care workers during the SARS epidemic. The results can be a helpful reference for intervention and prevention programs for health care workers facing disasters in the future.
Abstract 290: PDZ protein PDZK1 associates with PTEN and inhibits PTEN phosphorylation
Authors: Junfang Zheng, Longyan Yang, Ying Xiong, Ying Wang, Jia Hu, Yunying Zhou, Hong Zhang, Junqi He
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumour suppressor is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP(3)). The carboxyl terminus (CT) of PTEN and PTEN post-translational modification by phosphorylation were reported to regulate PTEN signaling. However, the modes of regulation of PTEN signaling are not completely understood. The CT of PTEN has a typical PDZ domain-binding motif that interacts with several PDZ domain-containing proteins, which regulates PTEN signaling and function. To screen novel PTEN binding proteins, the PTEN CT was used to overlay against the lysates of rabbit tissue, including kidney, heart and brain. The molecular weight of positive band was similar with that of PDZ-domain containing 1 (PDZK1), a scaffolding protein. We further investigated this PTEN-associated protein by using GST pull-down in combination with mass spectrometry-based proteomics assays. PDZK1 was identified as one of the binding partners of PTEN. PTEN associated with PDZK1 via its PDZ domain 2 and 3, with binding affinity of 20 nM and 25 nM respectively, and the last four amino acids of the CT of PTEN were the key determinants of this interaction. Mutation of any one of the four amino acids to alanine abolished the association of PTEN with PDZK1-PDZ2, PDZK1-PDZ3 or PDZK1 full length, indicating that the PDZK1-PTEN association is stringent. Moreover, full-length PTEN was robustly associated with PDZK1, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in transiently transfected COS-7 cells, and mutation of the last amino acid valine to alanine also led to the abolishment of the interaction between PTEN full length and PDZK1. Immunofluorescence results showed that PTEN full length and PDZK1 can colocalize at cytoplasm of BHK cells. By interacting with PTEN, PDZK1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of PTEN and Akt activation induced by the stimulation of insulin in a dose-dependent manner, indicating PDZK1 can enhance the PTEN protein activity via their interaction. Taken together, these are the first results that present a interaction between PDZK1 and PTEN. PDZK1 interacts with PTEN to inhibit PTEN phosphorylation, leading to an increase in PTEN activity at inhibiting Akt activation. Our results suggest a regulatory role of PDZ domain binding on PTEN function by controlling its phosphorylation status. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 290.
An Address on the Education of Midwives, Considered in Connection with the Midwives Registration Bill
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1891)

PREVENTIVE AIEDICINE, or, as it is more commnonly termed, " Sanitary Science," has made great progress during the last twenty years.Indeed, until witlhin the recolleetion of the present genlerationi it can lhardly be said to have been recog- nised by tIme public as forming a part of medical science, or beein insisted upon as a branchl of medical education.Jenner's discovery of the protective powers of vaccination was tlle first great step in tlle science of preventive medicine.
Rape Victim Advises Report Attack, Get Help
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ACCOMPANIED BY her counselor, a rape survivor—a woman in her mid-20s—agreed to talk with<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES about her experience. She told of the chance meeting with a male acquaintance after work one night more than a year ago. As they walked near her home, the man suggested they go into a deserted park and talk for a while. Once there, he began forcibly fondling her. When she resisted, he threatened to hurt her, pulled off some of her clothing, and raped her. The victim broke loose, ran out of the park, and began knocking on doors across the street. No one answered; she ran several blocks before spotting a police car. The officers were unable to locate the attacker; they took the victim to a hospital. <i>How did you manage to break away from your attacker?</i>"At first, I tried to reason with him, but he started
Treating mental health problems of health care workers
Authors: E. S. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Three years ago Dr Connolly of the Maudsley Hospital established a unit at Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, for health care workers. The Department of Health provided funds for research into the mental health problems of this group. It emerged that the illnesses were similar to those suffered by the rest of the population: depression, mania, schizophrenia, alcoholism, and so on. No further funding was forthcoming. The inpatient facility at the hospital closed on 31 …
Increased urinary saturation and kidney calcium content in genetic hypercalciuric rats
Authors: David A. Bushinsky, Mark Kim, Nelson E. Sessler, Yasushi Nakagawa, Fredric L. Coe
Journal: Kidney International (1994)

We have established a colony of genetic hypercalciuric (IH) rats as a model of idiopathic hypercalciuria in humans. To test the hypothesis that hypercalciuria can cause crystallization in kidneys through increased supersaturation, in the absence of confounding effects of diet and whatever complex inhibitor disorders underlay stone disease, we fed males and females of the 21st generation of IH rats 13 g per day of a low calcium (LCD, 0.02% Ca), followed by a normal calcium (NCD, 0.6% Ca) and then a high calcium (HCD, 1.2% Ca) diet, each for seven days. During the last 24 hours of each period complete urine collections were obtained and analyzed for all substances known to affect urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite (CaHPO4) supersaturation. Relative supersaturation with respect to the solid phases of CaOx and CaHPO4 were then calculated. Compared to same gender controls (Ctl) urine calcium excretion was higher in the female IH rats on all diets and in the male IH rats on NCD and HCD. The female and male IH rats on NCD and HCD were supersaturated with respect to CaOx; however, the male and female Ctl were supersaturated with respect CaOx only on HCD. The female IH rats on NCD and HCD and the male IH rats on NCD were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4; however, neither the male nor female Ctl rats were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4 on any diet. On NCD and HCD urine supersaturation with respect to CaHPO4 by females exceeded that of males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Hong Kong: A population study with paired proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, David Ka-Wai Yeung, Tina Kit-Ting Lau, Carmen Ka-Man Chan, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Jill M. Abrigo, Ruth Suk-Mei Chan, Jean Woo, Yee-Kit Tse, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
<i>GSTP1</i> Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Jo Anders Rønneberg, Jörg Tost, Hiroko K. Solvang, Grethe I.G. Alnaes, Fredrik E. Johansen, Elen M. Brendeford, Zohar Yakhini, Ivo G. Gut, Per Eystein Lønning, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Odd S. Gabrielsen, Vessela N. Kristensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The CpG island spanning the transcription start of the glutathione S-transferase P1 becomes methylated in a variety of human cancers including breast cancer. To study the effect of sequence variation on hypermethylation of the GSTP1 promoter, we analyzed the genetic and epigenetic variability in 90 tumors from patients with locally advanced breast cancer. High-resolution quantitative analysis revealed large variability in the DNA methylation levels. Lack of methylation was more often observed in the basal and normal-like estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, and methylated GSTP1 was associated with better overall survival (P = 0.00063). Studies of the genetic variation identified 14 different haplotypes. The distribution of methylation levels of tumors homozygous for the most frequent haplotype was significantly different from other haplotype combinations (P = 0.011), the difference being more pronounced in ER-positive (P = 0.005) and progesterone receptor-positive (P = 0.008) tumors. Regression modeling identified the ER status and haplotype as the main determinants of DNA methylation variability. We identified a putative c-Myb response element (MRE) that was present in one of two minimal promoter haplotypes. In vitro analysis showed that c-Myb binds to the MRE, but binding was weakened by the two polymorphisms. Transient cotransfections in luminal-type and basal-like breast cancer cell lines confirmed cell-specific differential binding of c-Myb to the polymorphic sites, leading to a change in the expression from the GSTP1 promoter in vivo. GSTP1 expression was moderately but significantly (P = 0.01) reduced after siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Myb. Our results indicate that haplotype structure of a promoter is important for the extent of DNA methylation.
Presence of chloride-formate exchange in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells.
Authors: M Soleimani, R L Howard
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The presence of chloride-formate anion exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cardiac myocytes was investigated. Imposing an outward chloride gradient in sarcolemmal microsomes isolated from canine aorta stimulated [14C]formate uptake compared with the absence of a chloride gradient (24.3 +/- 2.33 versus 9.8 +/- 1.41 pmol/mg protein for 30 seconds, P &lt; .03) and induced transient uphill [14C]formate uptake. The chloride-formate exchange was significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 mmol/L 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) or furosemide (57% and 61%, respectively). Incubation of rat cultured VSMCs in a medium containing [14C]formate resulted in uptake of formate that was significantly DIDS and furosemide sensitive (79.34 +/- 2.47, 43.03 +/- 2.37, and 44.65 +/- 1.68 pmol/mg protein for 4 minutes in control, DIDS, and furosemide groups, respectively). Preincubation of the VSMCs in chloride-free medium significantly reduced the DIDS-sensitive (36.31 versus 16.85 pmol/mg protein for 4 minutes, P &lt; .001) and furosemide-sensitive (34.72 versus 8.78 pmol/mg protein for 4 minutes, P &lt; .001) [14C]formate uptake. These results are compatible with the presence of chloride-formate exchange in VSMCs. Influx of [14C]formate into sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from canine heart was significantly higher in the presence of an outward chloride gradient than in its absence (18.1 +/- 2.3 versus 9.6 +/- 1.7 pmol/mg protein for 30 seconds, P &lt; .03). The chloride-formate exchange was significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 mmol/L DIDS or furosemide (41% and 52%, respectively). We conclude that the distribution of chloride-formate exchange may be more universal than previously suggested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physical Examination of the Abdomen in Health and Disease:--Acoustic Signs
Authors: C. J. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1852)

THE acoustic signs of the abdomen are by no means so numerous or so important as those of the chest.The movements of respiration and circulation, and the sounds of the voice, which arc the chief causes of the acoustic phenomena of the chest, extend only in an inferior degree to the abdomen; and they have here neither the same facilities for de- veloping sounds, nor the same definite relation to those which actually do occur.Borborygni of the stomach and intestines sometimes do strike up an accompaniment to the movements of breathing or of the heart that is obvious enough, and too noisy for the comfort of the patient; but beyond the point of showing the presence of air in an in- testine deficient in tone, the phenomenon is of little significance.Nor do the spontaneous movements of the abdominal viscera themselves produce sounds of much importance in diagnosis: a few instances, however, will be noticed.By far the most important class of acoustic signs, are those elicited by percussion: these will first claim our attention; and subsequently those arising from the spontaneous move- ments of respiration, circulation, and peristaltic action, will be briefly considered.As on the chest, so also on the abdomen, striking with the ends of the fingers produces a sound, varying according to the condition of the walls and the nature of the parts underneath.If the walls are flaccid, it may be difficult to elicit any distinct sound; and even when they are more tense, direct percussion on them yields but a muffled note, and is further objectionable as it may give pain.It is therefore expedient in all cases to use mediate percussion; by striking on a thin plate of wood or ivory, or, what answers every purpose, and VOL.IV.
Vitamin A and the skin.
Authors: P. A. Riley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

known supraventricular arrhythmia prior to cardioversion.Eight patients had rheumatic disease of the mitral valve, with dominant stenosis in five cases, and dominant incompe- tence in three.Four patients had ischaemic heart disease, ten patients had arterial fibrilla- tion, and two had arterial flutter.All patients received premedication for cardiac catheterization, and it was reported that in most cases the behaviour of the mean systemic arterial pressure paralleled that of cardiac output, and no consistent change in peripheral resistance was observed.Such a comparison with healthy ambulatory patients undergoing routine conservation appears irregular, while the complete absence of controls during the investigation is open to criticism.Interpretation of Figs. 1 and 5 may depend on all or any of the following: timing, dose, solution strength of increment related to transient obstructions, operative stimuli, manual pressure on the tissues, and ineffective packing.The omission on a graph of one or more known synchronized variables, resulting in possible interpolation, can be misleading for future investigators.The inhalation of radiopaque materials may be irrelevant, as lung aspiration can occur in non-anaesthetized patients during sleep.3The observations on salivation conflict with the findings of Shafto,4 who expressed no trouble from this in 500 young patients anaesthetized with methohexitone.The data would suggest an incremental methohexitone technique pushed to the limit.Most experienced operators would have treatment planned to avoid it.With no reported morbidity following this investigation, there may be a compensatory factor at present obscure which may even highlight the inherent safety of methohexitone.-Iam, etc.,