tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foodborne infections and intoxications.
Authors: N R Grist
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Referral to hospital is always a difficult decision.In the stages before ulceration varicosities or prominent in- competent perforator veins should be treated surgically.They never regress by themselves.Once ulceration has occurred, however, admission to hospital should be reserved for the patients with intractable lesions.Of course, every venous ulcer will heal if the patient is kept long enough in bed with the leg raised, but admission to hospital, especially in the elderly, may have serious side effects-and all too often ulcers heal in hospital only to recur after discharge.Admission should, however, at least be considered if the ulcer is not responding to adequate compression or is accompanied by severe pain (when an arterial element must always be suspected).And surgical advice should be sought for varicosities' or incompetent perforator veins in patients with healed ulcers-just as in.those with early symptoms.
FDG-PET–Positive Foreign-Body Granuloma Mimicking Residual Germinal Tumor Infiltration
Authors: Zdeněk Řehák, Petr Szturz, Eva Krejčí, Ilona Kocáková
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

In some patients, granulomatous reactions around foreign-bodies with FDG-PET positivity may be misinterpreted as malignancy. We report a case of a 31-year-old man diagnosed with testicular germinal tumor with retroperitoneal and left supraclavicular metastases. The diagnosis was based on left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. Restaging examinations after orchiectomy and chemotherapy showed normalization of tumor markers and significant regression of the retroperitoneal infiltrate, however, with a residual FDG-PET positive lesion in the left supraclavicular fossa. The etiology behind this infiltration was revealed by a repeated histological examination, which surprisingly showed a foreign-body granuloma formation around a cotton pad left after the first surgery.
Razor blade removal from the stomach utilizing a novel modification of the overtube
Authors: M. Alhaji, A. Atreja, B. Upchurch
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Impacted sharp foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract can be very difficult to manage, with different methods described in literature for their safe removal [1] [2] [3] [4]. With the flexible endoscope, a foreign-body protector hood or overtube is generally used to protect the esophagus when removing a sharp foreign body. However, the size of the overtube precludes removal of foreign body more than 16.7 mm in size. This report illustrates an unusual modification of a commercial overtube in order to facilitate the safe withdrawal of a sharp foreign body that would not otherwise have been possible with the standard equipment available.
Zoledronic Acid and Secondary Prevention of Fractures
Authors: Karim Anton Calis, Frank Pucino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

More than 300,000 hip fractures occur annually in the United States,1 the majority related to osteoporosis and falls in older people. Not surprisingly, the public health implications and economic burden associated with this condition are enormous.2,3 In patients who have sustained a hip fracture, a 2-year mortality rate of 36% has been observed.4 Many of those who survive do not regain their prefracture level of mobility5 and thereby endure loss of independence and deterioration in health-related quality of life. Persons who fracture a hip are 2.5 times as likely to have a subsequent skeletal fracture as are those without . . .
Dissecting T cell lineage relationships by cellular barcoding
Authors: Koen Schepers, Erwin Swart, Jeroen W.J. van Heijst, Carmen Gerlach, Maria Castrucci, Daoud Sie, Mike Heimerikx, Arno Velds, Ron M. Kerkhoven, Ramon Arens, Ton N.M. Schumacher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

T cells, as well as other cell types, are composed of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets. However, for many of these populations it is unclear whether they develop from common or separate progenitors. To address such issues, we developed a novel approach, termed cellular barcoding, that allows the dissection of lineage relationships. We demonstrate that the labeling of cells with unique identifiers coupled to a microarray-based detection system can be used to analyze family relationships between the progeny of such cells. To exemplify the potential of this technique, we studied migration patterns of families of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo. We demonstrate that progeny of individual T cells rapidly seed independent lymph nodes and that antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells present at different effector sites are largely derived from a common pool of precursors. These data show how locally primed T cells disperse and provide a technology for kinship analysis with wider utility.
The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program: 1951-1971 with Update to 1981
Authors: Wilbur G. Downs
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1982)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
The culture of unpaid and voluntary egg donation should be strengthened
Authors: M. H Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It is prohibited by law to give or receive money for gametes and embryos unless authorised by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. The authority issued directions in respect of payments1 when the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 came into effect on 1 August 1991.2 These directions permitted “monies or monies worth” to be given and received in respect of gametes only, up to a maximum of £15 per donation. The actual amount given by any licensed treatment centre was to be the rate in place at the time the act came into force. These limits also apply to payments or benefits that a treatment centre knows have been given, or will be given, through the involvement of an agency or intermediary. Thus, payment of any kind is prohibited for embryos at all treatment centres. It is also prohibited for gametes at any treatment centres which were licensed to use gametes in donation since the act came into …
Abstract P4-16-11: Impact of receptor status on prognosis among breast cancer patients with brain metastases treated with Cyberknife radiosurgery
Authors: CE Fasola, IC Gibbs, SG Soltys, KC Horst
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used in the management of brain metastases. Receptor status is an important prognostic factor among women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of receptor status on clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases treated with SRS. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 102 primary breast cancer patients with brain metastases treated with Cyberknife radiosurgery at Stanford University Medical Center between 2004 and 2011. The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatment details and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Median follow-up time was 18 months from the date of treatment with Cyberknife radiosurgery. All analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results: Patients with Her-2/neu positive receptor status treated with trastuzumab had a significantly improved median overall survival after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery compared to patients with Her-2/neu negative receptor status (27 months vs 7 months, p = 0.002) or patients with Her-2/neu positive receptor status who did not receive trastuzumab (27 months vs 12 months, p = 0.04). In contrast, patients with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Her-2/neu negative receptor status had significantly worse median overall survival after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery compared to patients with at least one positive receptor (8 months vs 17 months, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, Her-2/neu status emerged as the only significant predictor of survival (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Her-2/neu receptor status was found to be a significant prognostic factor influencing survival among breast cancer patients with brain metastases treated with SRS. Importantly, the addition of treatment with trastuzumab among Her-2 neu positive patients significantly improved clinical outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-11.
Development and transfer of immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity in mice exposed to aerosolized antigen.
Authors: J Saloga, H Renz, G Lack, K L Bradley, J L Greenstein, G Larsen, E W Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We previously showed that BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by brief daily inhalations of antigen over 10 consecutive days exhibit elevated antigen-specific serum IgE antibody levels and increased airways responsiveness. For the first time, we now show that animals sensitized in this fashion to either OVA or ragweed (RGW) develop immediate hypersensitivity skin test reactions when challenged 2 d after completion of the sensitization protocol. Skin testing, performed by direct assessment of wheal formation after intradermal injection of allergen, was sensitive and specific, since animals exposed to RGW by inhalation only responded to RGW, and OVA-sensitized animals responded only to OVA. Positive reactions were associated with mast cell degranulation, whereas control injections were not. Since only sensitized IgE high responder BALB/c mice but neither nonsensitized BALB/c mice nor OVA-sensitized IgE low responder SJL/J mice exhibited wheal responses, induction of OVA-specific IgE appeared to be essential for the mediation of OVA-specific immediate hypersensitivity reactions of the skin in this model. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) testing confirmed the presence of antigen-specific IgE in the serum. Mice that developed IgG (predominantly IgG2b) anti-OVA antibodies did not respond to OVA injection, indicating that OVA-specific IgG was not involved in this system. Further support for the role of IgE in the immediate hypersensitivity response included the wheal response to intradermal injection of anti-IgE antibody that occurred in OVA- and RGW-sensitized mice at 10-fold lower concentrations than in nonsensitized BALB/c mice and not in sensitized SJL/J mice. After transfer of mononuclear cells from peribronchial lymph nodes of OVA- or RGW-sensitized BALB/c mice, naive, syngeneic recipients developed antigen-specific IgE and specific immediate hypersensitivity responses, indicating that the local lymphoid tissue at the site of sensitization can transfer responsiveness to these allergens. These results demonstrate for the first time the ability to elicit and study IgE-mediated immediate skin hypersensitivity responses in the mouse and illustrate the association of increased antigen-specific and total serum IgE levels, airways hyperresponsiveness, and antigen-specific immediate cutaneous reactivity after sensitization to allergen via the airways.
Long-Term Traffic-Related Exposures and Asthma Onset in Schoolchildren in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Bente Oftedal, Wenche Nystad, Bert Brunekreef, Per Nafstad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Whether there is a causal relation between long-term exposure to traffic and asthma development is so far not clear. This may be explained by inaccurate exposure assessment.We investigated the associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset assessed retrospectively and respiratory symptoms in 9- to 10-year-old children.We collected information on respiratory outcomes and potential confounding variables by parental questionnaire in 2,871 children in Oslo. Nitrogen dioxide exposure was assessed by the EPISODE dispersion model and assigned at updated individual addresses during lifetime. Distance to major road was assigned at birth address and address by date of questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression were used.We did not find positive associations between any long-term traffic-related exposure and onset of doctor-diagnosed asthma. An interquartile range (IQR) increase of NO(2) exposure before asthma onset was associated with an adjusted risk ratio of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-1.02]. Handling early asthma cases (children < 4 years of age) with recovery during follow-up as noncases gave a less negative association. The associations for late asthma onset (>/= 4 years of age) were positive but not statistically significant. For current symptoms, an IQR increase of previous year's NO(2) exposure was associated with adjusted odds ratios of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.83-1.23) for wheeze, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.79-1.51) for severe wheeze, and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.21) for dry cough.We were not able to find positive associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset or with current respiratory symptoms in 9- to 10-year-old children in Oslo.
Oral contraceptives and fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Authors: W H Inman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A case-control study was conducted of the deaths from subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in women aged 15-44 in England and Wales in 1976. There was a small excess of oral contraceptive use by the women who died from SAH compared with their generally healthy practice-matched controls; this was not, however, statistically significant. Out of 134 women who died from SAH, 34 had a history of hypertension compared with only six of their controls. Renal disease and pre-eclamptic toxaemia were more commonly associated with hypertension in the dead women than in controls. No change in the annual mortality from SAH has been observed in the past 20 years such as might have been expected if the risks were high. Although current or past use of oral contraceptives may have increased the blood pressure and risk of SAH in a few women, the most important factor in determining this risk was hypertension. SAH should thus probably not be regarded as serious cause for concern in healthy non-hypertensive women using oral contraceptives.
Long-term administration of the pill.
Authors: P. C. Steptoe
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Attention is drawn to the possible dangers of prescribing the pill for long periods to nulliparous teen-agers.  It is recommended that patients with unproven fertility not be given oral contraceptive pills for more than a short period of time because the long-term use of these pills carries with it a definite danger of producing irreversible  sterility.  It is hoped that doctors will exercise caution in prescribing the pill to the young population and that any future new contraceptive therapy will be thoroughly investigated for its short- and long-term effects.  It is noted that the pill is attractive to the public and to certain sections of the medical profession because it is simple to administer.  In closing the writer reminds readers of the thalidamide tragedy when a drug was dispensed before critical analysis was employed.
Thermic effect of food at rest, during exercise, and after exercise in lean and obese men of similar body weight.
Authors: K R Segal, B Gutin, A M Nyman, F X Pi-Sunyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The thermic effect of food at rest, during 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise, and after exercise was studied in eight lean (mean +/- SEM, 10 +/- 1% body fat, hydrostatically-determined) and eight obese men (30 +/- 2% body fat). The lean and obese mean were matched with respect to age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) to determine the relationship between thermogenesis and body composition, independent of body weight. All men were overweight, defined as a BMI between 26-34, but the obese had three times more body fat and significantly less lean body mass than the lean men. Metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry under four conditions on separate mornings, in randomized order, after an overnight fast: 3 h of rest in the postabsorptive state; 3 h of rest after a 750-kcal mixed meal (14% protein, 31.5% fat, and 54.5% carbohydrate); during 30 min of cycling and for 3 h post exercise in the postabsorptive state; and during 30 min of cycling performed 30 min after the test meal and for 3 h post exercise. The thermic effect of food, which is the difference between postabsorptive and postprandial energy expenditure, was significantly higher for the lean than the obese men under the rest, post exercise, and exercise conditions: the increments in metabolic rate for the lean and obese men, respectively, were 48 +/- 7 vs. 28 +/- 4 kcal over 3 h rest (P less than 0.05); 44 +/- 7 vs. 16 +/- 5 kcal over 3 h post exercise (P less than 0.05); and 19 +/- 3 vs. 6 +/- 3 kcal over 30 min of exercise (P less than 0.05). The thermic effect of food was significantly negatively related to body fat content under the rest (r = -0.55), post exercise (r = -0.66), and exercise (r = -0.58) conditions. The results of this study indicate that for men of similar total body weight and BMI, body composition is a significant determinant of postprandial thermogenesis; the responses of obese are significantly blunted compared with those of lean men.
Occupational Hazard from Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: WILLIAM B. PATTERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Occupational Hazard from Antineoplastic AgentsWILLIAM B. PATTERSON, M.D.WILLIAM B. PATTERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-965_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Like Dr. Forst (1), we too are concerned about possible hazards to hospital personnel from antineoplastic agents. We feel obliged to point out that this concern was addressed in our review in the May issue (2) on page 661. We provided 11 references to more detailed information about the problem, and we appreciate Dr. Forst's addition of 3 other references. The large amount of material covered in our review necessitated concise descriptions of many occupational hazards, particularly in situations in which clinical disease have not been common or numbers of personnel at risk are low....References1. FORST L. Antineoplastic drugs as an occupational hazard in hospitals [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:473. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PATTERSONCRAVENSCHWARTZNARDELLIKASMERNOBLE WDDEJJ. Occupational hazards to hospital personnel. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:658-80. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Regional Health Center in Wilmington Wilmington, MA 01887 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 965-965 Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Electrical Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias: Pacing, Antitachycardia Devices, Catheter Ablation
Authors: Edward K. Chung
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>Electrical Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias</i>has as contributors worldrenowned cardiologists from 30 medical centers. The book has four sections including "Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias," "Electrical Therapy for Bradyarrhythmias," "Electrical Therapy of Tachyarrhythmias: Antitachycardia Devices," and "Electrical Therapy for Tachycardias: Ablation." Individual chapters provide current concepts and state-of-the-art information in the field of various electrical therapeutic approaches to many different bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. In recent years, electrical therapy, including antitachycardia pacing, automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and electrode catheter ablation, has become an important modality in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias. These therapeutic approaches have been described in depth in this book by distinguished experts. There are many informative illustrations, but the reproduction of some electrocardiogram tracings could be improved. This book should be available in all medical libraries and every cardiologist's office as a reference guide in the electrical treatment of all kinds of tachyarrhythmias. In particular, all academic cardiologists, electrophysiologists,
Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation: No easy solution exists
Authors: Sashidhar Yeluri, Guneesh Dadayal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation New on-call rotas do not workEditor-Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors' shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 1 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side.Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what I think makes a liveable on-call rota.I was under the impression that the European Working Time Directive was set out to improve the health and safety of workers, make working conditions better, but also make life away from work better because doctors would be less tired.The directive scores a "no" against all of these.I find myself more tired at work and at home, less enthusiastic, and less motivated by what is becoming a regular chore.Instead of being on call once a week, I find myself doing an on-call shift two or three times a week (on average), being late home more often than not because fewer juniors are around, and spending less time with my young children.The "old" rota system of a 24 hour oncall, with at least six on a rota, made on-call shifts less frequent, more tolerable, and even enjoyable.It also left plenty of time for training, and so long as there were six or more on rota, it made the annual leave far more flexible and workable.Anaesthetists rarely complained, certainly compared with other specialties' rotas, and everyone knew that however busy, you were always going to go home to a full day off in the morning.Why not listen to those doing the rota, and affected family members, and respect within reason what the workers want to work.