tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LV TORSION AND VENTRICULAR-ARTERIAL COUPLING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Hyun ok Cho, Hyungseop Kim, Ji hyun Sohn, yunkyeong cho, Hyoung-Seob Park, Hyuck Yoon, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Yoon-Nyun Kim, Kwon-Bae Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Sensors: Stretchable, Multiplexed pH Sensors With Demonstrations on Rabbit and Human Hearts Undergoing Ischemia (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2014)
Authors: Hyun‐Joong Chung, Matthew S. Sulkin, Jong‐Seon Kim, Camille Goudeseune, Hsin‐Yun Chao, Joseph W. Song, Sang Yoon Yang, Yung‐Yu Hsu, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Igor R. Efimov, John A. Rogers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

On page 59, John A. Rogers and team present precise spatiotemporal mapping of pH on the epicardial surface by an ultrathin stretchable electronic device. The results illustrate that advanced strategies in materials assembly and electrochemical growth can yield interconnected arrays of miniaturized IrOx pH sensors encapsulated in thin, low-modulus elastomers to yield conformal monitoring systems capable of non-invasive measurements on the surface of the beating heart.
Infantile form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency with hepatomuscular symptoms and sudden death. Physiopathological approach to carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiencies.
Authors: F Demaugre, J P Bonnefont, M Colonna, C Cepanec, J P Leroux, J M Saudubray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Reported cases of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency are characterized only by a muscular symptomatology in young adults although the defect is expressed in extra-muscular tissues as well as in skeletal muscle. We describe here a CPT II deficiency associating hypoketotic hypoglycemia, high plasma creatine kinase level, heart beat disorders, and sudden death in a 3-mo-old boy. CPT II defect (-90%) diagnosed in fibroblasts is qualitatively similar to that (-75%) of two "classical" CPT II-deficient patients previously studied: It resulted from a decreased amount of CPT II probably arising from its reduced biosynthesis. Consequences of CPT II deficiency studied in fibroblasts differed in both sets of patients. An impaired oxidation of long-chain fatty acids was found in the proband but not in patients with the "classical" form of the deficiency. The metabolic and clinical consequences of CPT II deficiency might depend, in part, on the magnitude of residual CPT II activity. With 25% residual activity CPT II would become rate limiting in skeletal muscle but not in liver, heart, and fibroblasts. As observed in the patient described herein, CPT II activity ought to be more reduced to induce an impaired oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in these tissues.
Relationship of the Azygos Venous System to Normal Atrial Situs in Levocardia
Authors: ROBERT D. LEACHMAN, ARNOLD J. SLOVIS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Levocardia with abdominal visceral situs inversus is associated with complex intracardiac malformation and most often with inversion of the atria. In patients with levocardia, if the azygos venous system replaces the inferior vena cava as the principal or only avenue of venous return from below the diaphragm, the position of the right and left atria may be normal. Patients with levocardia associated with simple ostium secundum atrial septal defects that were surgically corrected are briefly presented.
Is Treatment of Insulin Resistance Beneficial Independent of Glycemia?
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The clinical definition of the Insulin Resistance or Metabolic Syndrome is shown in Table 1. Subjects who fulfill these criteria are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program are more clinically relevant because those measurements are readily available. Although those with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at increased risk for the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (3), abnormal glycemia is not an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease once the other risk factors are taken into account (4,5). Three recent randomized, controlled studies have shown that lifestyle intervention with diet and exercise can decrease the development of type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT (6–8). However, although exercise is associated with less CVD (9), the hypothesis that exercise decreases CVD has never been directly tested in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Insulin resistance, highly associated with visceral fat accumulation (10), characterizes the Insulin Resistance or Metabolic Syndrome. Furthermore, measured insulin resistance predicts CVD (11). In this issue of Diabetes Care , Shadid and Jenson (12) compare the effects of diet and exercise versus pioglitazone in insulin-resistant nondiabetic men and premenopausal women with upper body obesity (i.e. visceral fat accumulation). Insulin sensitivity increased in both groups. Those given diet and exercise showed weight loss and decreased visceral, subcutaneous, total body, and leg fat, whereas the subjects prescribed …
Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine after Prolonged Intravenous Infusions in Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JACQUES LeLORIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The kinetics of the elimination of lidocaine upon discontinuation of lidocaine infusions lasting more than 24 h were studied in 12 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarctions. In this group of patients the mean half-life of the elimination phase was found to be 3.22 h. This is significantly different from the half-life of 100 min that has been reported after bolus injections or infusions lasting less than 12 h. This longer half-life should be taken into consideration in estimating the duration of toxicity and the rate of administration of the drug during and after intravenous infusions lasting 24 h or more.
Thrills of public health
Authors: C. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Infectious diseases seem to affect Hollywood the same way they affect the human body. Temperatures rise, pulses race; sometimes the patient goes into a full blown septic shock and delirium sets in. Epidemic movies can be thrilling, but they are rarely clear headed; in fact they are often completely deranged. But then clear headedness has never been one of Hollywood's defining characteristics. Spectacle is where Hollywood excels, and what could be more spectacular than an epidemic racing maniacally out of control, striking people down like a crazed assassin, leaving mayhem in its wake? The virus was made for Hollywood.

Made, and sometimes just made up. It takes more than a little adjustment to make a thriller about public health, given that public health is not as a rule the most thrilling of medical specialties. But with the right kind of embellishment, even epidemiology can be exhilarating. In the movies, infectious agents move like lightning and kill even faster, usually in a manner designed …
The Effect of Catecholamines on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Rat Heart
Authors: E. Muller, A. G. E. Pearse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

A single injection of noradrenaline, adrenaline, or isoprenaline produces a rapid and dramatic increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, confined to the right atrium. No other enzyme system appears to be affected. The increased activity is visible after 10 min and lasts for more than 24 hr.
Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production.
Authors: A Desai-Mehta, L Lu, R Ramsey-Goldman, S K Datta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We investigated the role of the costimulatory molecules, CD40 and its ligand CD40L, in the pathogenesis of human SLE. In comparison to normal subjects or patients in remission, PBMC from active lupus patients had a 21-fold increase in the frequency of CD40L-expressing, CD4+T cells. However, the expression of CD40L induced in either lupus or normal T cells by mitogenic stimulation could be down-regulated equally well by CD40 molecules on autologous B cells. Active lupus patients also had a 22-fold increase in percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing CD40L, consistent with their unusual helper activity in SLE. Surprisingly, patients with active lupus had a 20.5-fold increase in B cells that spontaneously expressed high levels of CD40L, as strongly as their T cells. Although lupus patients in remission had low levels of CD40L+ cells in the range of normal subjects, mitogen-induced upregulation of CD40L expression in the T and B cells was markedly greater than normal, suggesting an intrinsic defect. A mAb to CD40L blocked significantly the ability of lymphocytes from lupus patients with active and established disease to produce the pathogenic variety of antinuclear autoantibodies in vitro, bolstering the possibility of anti-CD40L immunotherapy for lupus. Future studies on the hyperexpression of CD40L could elucidate a regulatory defect in the pathogenic T and B cells of lupus.
New Method for the Study of the Nervous System
Authors: A. Waller
Journal: BMJ (1852)

this patient while in hospital; and all of them with whom I spoke, asked me whether a probang had been used to explore the throat.I got quite ashamed of my remissness in research, and that shame and my own curiosity were strong temptations to m e the til.But the power which remained, of occasionally retaining food under the influ- ence of medicines, rendered immediate action unnecessary; and, more- over, confirmed me in my original diagnosis of simple ulceration, and in resistance to the temptation.Thus was avoided the painful feeling which would have been left upon the mind had an instrument been passed, and death soon followed the operation.Let me not be under- stood as objecting unreservedly to the use of the probang or esopha- geal tube; for where the dysphagia is spasmodic, and, possibly, in some cases where permanent stricture has followed a bruise or other cicatrix, and of course in every instance where starvation is imminent,
Diabetes Mellitus in Tohon O'odham Pregnancies
Authors: Robert C Livingston, Karen Bachman-Carter, Christine Frank, William B Mason
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To determine the prevalence of diabetes in Tohono O'odham pregnancies, and to assess the efficacy of early prenatal diabetes screening in populations with high rates of diabetes.All Tohono O'odham women receiving prenatal care at the Sells Service Unit who delivered a viable baby in the 5-yr study period were reviewed.Diabetes was confirmed in 97 of 1854 (5.2%) Tohono O'odham pregnancies delivered during the study period. NIDDM antedated pregnancy in 38 (39%) of the diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes was diagnosed for the first time in 59 (61%) of these diabetic pregnancies. The diagnosis was made at or before the 20th gestational wk in 25 of 59 (42%) gestational diabetic women. These 25 women represented 61% of 41 gestational diabetic women who received prenatal care at or before the 20th gestational week.Our findings indicate that first trimester diabetes screening is justified in this population and may be appropriate in other populations with high rates of diabetes.
Effect of low‐dose granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (LD‐GM‐CSF) on platelet transfusion‐dependent thrombocytopenia
Authors: David H. Vesole, Sundar Jagannath, Luther D. Glenn, Bart Barlogie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor known to promote the proliferation and differentiation of precursors of granulocytes and monocytes. GM-CSF at standard doses (125-500 micrograms/m2) alleviates neutropenia secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy, myelodysplastic syndromes, and aplastic anemia, but has minimal effect on anemia or thrombocytopenia. GM-CSF at doses < 30 micrograms/m2 has been reported to improve platelet counts in some patients exhibiting cytopenia related to hematologic disorders such as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Low-dose GM-CSF (10-20 micrograms/m2) was evaluated in 20 patients with transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia persisting after myeloablative cytotoxic chemotherapy or with disease-related cytopenia. Seven patients (35%) responded as defined by a reduction in the platelet transfusion requirements by at least 75%. Low-dose GM-CSF did not significantly increase neutrophil counts or decrease red blood cell transfusion requirements. These results indicate that low-dose GM-CSF has a thrombopoietic effect in about one-third of patients with platelet transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia which has not been observed at higher doses.
Somatic Hypermutation in the Absence of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit (DNA-Pkcs) or Recombination-Activating Gene (Rag)1 Activity
Authors: Mats Bemark, Julian E. Sale, Hye-Jung Kim, Claudia Berek, Ruth A. Cosgrove, Michael S. Neuberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Somatic hypermutation and isotype switch recombination occur in germinal center B cells, are linked to transcription, and are similarly affected by deficiency in MutS homologue (MSH)2. Class-switch recombination is abrogated by disruption of genes encoding components of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs)/Ku complex and likely involves nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). That somatic hypermutation might also be associated with end joining is suggested by its association with the creation of deletions, duplications, and sites accessible to terminal transferase. However, a requirement for NHEJ in the mutation process has not been demonstrated. Here we show that somatic mutation in mice deficient in NHEJ can be tested by introduction of rearranged immunoglobulin and T cell receptor transgenes: the transgene combination not only permits reconstitution of peripheral lymphoid compartments but also allows formation of germinal centers, despite the wholly monoclonal nature of the lymphocyte antigen receptors in these animals. Using this strategy, we confirm that somatic hypermutation like class-switching can occur in the absence of recombination-activating gene (RAG)1 but show that the two processes differ in that hypermutation can proceed essentially unaffected by deficiency in DNA-PKcs activity.
The genomic landscape of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Linda Holmfeldt, Lei Wei, Ernesto Diaz-Flores, Michael Walsh, Jinghui Zhang, Li Ding, Debbie Payne-Turner, Michelle Churchman, Anna Andersson, Shann-Ching Chen, Kelly McCastlain, Jared Becksfort, Jing Ma, Gang Wu, Samir N Patel, Susan L Heatley, Letha A Phillips, Guangchun Song, John Easton, Matthew Parker, Xiang Chen, Michael Rusch, Kristy Boggs, Bhavin Vadodaria, Erin Hedlund, Christina Drenberg, Sharyn Baker, Deqing Pei, Cheng Cheng, Robert Huether, Charles Lu, Robert S Fulton, Lucinda L Fulton, Yashodhan Tabib, David J Dooling, Kerri Ochoa, Mark Minden, Ian D Lewis, L Bik To, Paula Marlton, Andrew W Roberts, Gordana Raca, Wendy Stock, Geoffrey Neale, Hans G Drexler, Ross A Dickins, David W Ellison, Sheila A Shurtleff, Ching-Hon Pui, Raul C Ribeiro, Meenakshi Devidas, Andrew J Carroll, Nyla A Heerema, Brent Wood, Michael J Borowitz, Julie M Gastier-Foster, Susana C Raimondi, Elaine R Mardis, Richard K Wilson, James R Downing, Stephen P Hunger, Mignon L Loh, Charles G Mullighan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Racial Differences in Coronary Artery Bypass Rates
Authors: Alan R. Hull
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I believe the article "Racial and Community Factors Influencing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Rates for All 1986 Medicare Patients" by Goldberg et al<sup>1</sup>has missed a key point. Comparisons should be made by hospitals. If the difference is maintained when looked at by hospitals, we have a very serious problem. However, I suspect that city/county and charity hospitals overall have lower rates for bypass surgery and treat a larger portion of blacks. Suburban and larger private hospitals probably have higher rates for bypass surgery and treat fewer blacks on average than comparable city/county or charity hospitals in the same city. The reasons for such hospital differences are multiple but probably reflect on the care given by resident and teaching staff who are overworked in charity hospitals and receive no financial benefit from more surgery. By contrast, the financial benefit to surgeons in practice may result
1079-102 Correlation between norepinephrine and epinephrine myocardial spillover and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in conventional versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Francesco Donatelli, Michele Triggiani, Giovanni Marchetto, Andrea Moneta, Marco Pocar, Davide Passolunghi, Gianni Bolla, Alessio Assaghi, Barbara Sala, Orietta Borghi, Pino Fundarò, Pier Luigi Meroni, Luisa Gregorini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Hospital Costs and Mortality Attributed to Nosocomial Bacteremias
Authors: Robert F. Spengler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hospital patients with nosocomial bacteremia and matched hospital control patients without this infection were used to determine the excess hospital costs and mortality attributed to nosocomial bacteremias. Mortality was 14 times greater in patients with nosocomial bacteremia than in matched members of the control group with the same primary diagnoses. An itemized cost analysis, based on 81 case-control pairs, showed an average excess of approximately $3,600 in direct hospital costs for patients who had nosocomial bacteremias. It is estimated that only 24% of the total excess costs to these hospital patients are preventable. Patients with nosocomial bacteremia had an average hospitalization period that was 14 days longer than the average hospital stay for members of the control group. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2455-2458, 1978)
Psychoactive Drug Use and AIDS-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Kaslow
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Our study addressed the hypothesis that psychoactive substances, including alcohol, as they were used by homosexual men before and just after their enrollment in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) in 1984 through 1985, did not enhance HIV-induced immunodeficiency. We offer the following response to comments on our findings.  First, both Drs Drexler and Brown and Dr Badgley emphasize the absence of data on the role of these substances in promoting seroconversion. We intentionally excluded the analysis of the effects of these psychoactive substances on initiation of infection. Early reports from the MACS 1,2 and other reports have recognized potentially important relationships between use of these substances and the prevalence of HIV infection. A more complete analysis of MACS data on these relationships is in preparation. Assessment of such influences on new acquisition of HIV infection or antibody will be more difficult because of the relatively small numbers
Deletion of the Inducible 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein Genes in Mice Impairs Cardiac Contractile Function and Calcium Handling Associated With Hypertrophy
Authors: Yun-Kyung Kim, Jorge Suarez, Ying Hu, Patrick M. McDonough, Christa Boer, David J. Dix, Wolfgang H. Dillmann
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Hspa1a and Hspa1b genes encode stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) that protect cells from insults such as ischemia. Mice with null mutations of both genes (KO) were generated, and their cardiac phenotype was explored.Heart rate and blood pressures were normal in the KO mice. Hearts from KO mice were more susceptible to both functional and cellular damage by ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac hypertrophy developed in Hsp70-KO mice. Ca2+ transients in cardiomyocytes of KO mice showed a delayed (120%) calcium decline and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content. Cell shortening was decreased by 35%, and rates of contraction and relaxation were slower by 40%. These alterations can be attributed to the absence of Hsp70 because viral expression of Hsp70 in KO cultured cardiomyocytes restored these parameters. One mechanism underlying myocyte dysfunction could be decreased SERCA2a expression. This hypothesis was supported by a prolonged calcium decline and decreased SERCA2a protein. Viral SERCA2a expression restored contractility and Ca2+ transients. We examined the involvement of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), Raf-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SERCA2a downregulation and the cardiac phenotype of KO mice. Levels of phosphorylated JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK were elevated in KO hearts. Activation of the Raf-1-ERK pathway in normal cardiomyocytes resulted in decreased SERCA2a.Absence of Hsp70 leads to dysfunctional cardiomyocytes and impaired stress response of Hsp70-KO hearts against ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, deletion of Hsp70 genes might induce cardiac dysfunction and development of cardiac hypertrophy through the activation of JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK.
Analysis of the pressor sympathetic reflex produced by intracoronary injections of bradykinin in conscious dogs.
Authors: M Pagani, P Pizzinelli, R Furlan, S Guzzetti, O Rimoldi, G Sandrone, A Malliani
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The reflex hemodynamic effects of intracoronary bradykinin were tested in 20 conscious instrumented dogs. When the experiments were performed after full recovery from surgery and anesthesia, graded doses (10-300 ng/kg) of bradykinin always produced graded pressor responses, in the absence of any pain reaction. At the maximum pressor response obtained with 100 ng/kg, mean arterial pressure rose 28 +/- 3% from 89 +/- 4 mm Hg, left ventricular pressure 20 +/- 3% from 121 +/- 2 mm Hg, heart rate 30 +/- 4% from 88 +/- 5 beats/min, rate of change of left ventricular pressure 18 +/- 3% from 2812 +/- 65 mm Hg/sec (P less than 0.01). Higher doses of bradykinin did not produce greater responses. The magnitude of the response was similar when the injection was performed in either the left anterior descending (change in mean arterial pressure 29 +/- 3%) or circumflex (change in mean arterial pressure 27 +/- 2%) coronary artery. The reflex nature of the response was proved by its disappearance after appropriate pharmacological blockades; moreover, after vagotomy, the pressor rise was maintained, the heart rate response was reduced (change in heart rate 10 +/- 2%), and the inotropic response was enhanced (rate of change of left ventricular pressure 24 +/- 3%). This suggested that the afferent pathway of the pressor reflex was in the sympathetic nerves and that a subordinate vagal depressor reflex was also operative. No pain reaction was obtained even when injecting very large amounts (1000-2000 ng/kg) of bradykinin, which, instead, induced arterial hypotension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Withdrawal of consent by sperm donors
Authors: P. D Sozou, S. Sheldon, G. M Hartshorne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Since 1991, sperm donors in the UK have had the legal right to withdraw consent for the use of their sperm in fertility treatment. This has the potential to adversely affect patients. It may mean that previous recipients of a donor’s sperm cannot have further children who are full biological siblings to an existing child, and that embryos created from the donor’s sperm and a patient’s eggs must be destroyed.

We have informally investigated withdrawal of consent by sperm donors donating after 1 April 2005, when lifelong anonymity for gamete donors ended. An email in November 2008 to colleagues at five UK fertility centres asked if recipients knew of cases where a sperm donor had withdrawn consent after his sperm had been released for use. One reported that this had happened at their centre. This was followed by an email in March 2009, kindly circulated by the Association of Clinical Embryologists, asking each recipient how many donors recruited at their centre since April 2005 had withdrawn consent …