tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The National Academy of Sciences Report on the Va: How Not to Offer Congress Advice on Health Policy
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Physicians are being harangued in many forums about how this or that reform can cure the United States health-care system of its multiple ills, from high costs to indifferent quality. It is therefore surprising to find them turning the tables and offering Congress advice. Reporting on the health-care services of the Veterans Administration, they recommend a series of initial steps aimed at the eventual dissolution of the present separate health-care system and the absorption of responsibilities for veterans by community facilities.In 1973 Congress directed that the VA contract with the National Academy of Sciences for an assessment by a . . .
Sarcoidosis or Leprosy?
Authors: Niels Danbolt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article Sarcoidosis or Leprosy? Get access Niels Danbolt Niels Danbolt Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 3, 1 March 1965, Page 161, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14620.x Published: 01 March 1965
Proarrhythmic effects of an oxygen-derived free radical generating system on action potentials recorded from guinea pig ventricular myocardium: a possible cause of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias.
Authors: R T Pallandi, M A Perry, T J Campbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the effects of a free radical generating system on action potentials recorded from guinea pig ventricular myocardium. Free radicals were generated by mixing xanthine oxidase (0.02-0.04 mu/ml) with the superfusate-modified Locke's solution containing purine 2.3 mM. The system was validated by demonstrating that it could reduce cytochrome C at a rate of 15.9 +/- 1.5 mol/l/min. This rate was decreased to 3.0 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.001) in the presence of superoxide dismutase (12 mg/100 ml), and the reaction was absent if xanthine oxidase and purine were premixed for 60 minutes prior to adding cytochrome C. Superfusion of guinea pig ventricular strips with the free radical generating system (20-30 minutes) resulted in a highly significant reduction in resting potential from -79.3 +/- 1.8 mV to -70.9 +/- 1.4 mV (p less than 0.0001, n = 6) and in action potential amplitude from 110.9 +/- 2.2 mV to 101.7 +/- 4.0 mV (p less than 0.0001). There was an accompanying fall in maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) from 254.1 +/- 17.7 V/sec to 207.1 +/- 18.6 V/sec (p less than 0.01) and no significant change in action potential duration. These changes were accompanied by spontaneous activity in 3 of 6 preparations and reversed after 20-30 minutes washing in Locke's solution. They were largely abolished by adding superoxide dismutase (12 mg/100 ml) to the superfusate and completely absent if the xanthine oxidase and purine were premixed for 60 minutes before superfusing the myocardium. We conclude that the phenomena observed may contribute to the genesis of reperfusion arrhythmias.
Calcium antagonism in heart and vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Albrecht Fleckenstein
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1985)

Calcium antagonism is an unifying concept that offers a common denominator for a multitude of beneficial effects in cardiovascular therapy such as: direct reduction of myocardial energy expenditure and oxygen demand, improvement of myocardial oxygen supply resulting from spasmolytic and vasodilator effects on coronary trunk arteries (including collaterals and anastomoses), lowering of systemic arteriolar resistance (antihypertensive action), indirect diminition of cardiac oxygen requirement due to a fall in afterload, cardioprotection by prevention of excessive myocardial Ca uptake, damping effects on ectopic cardiac automaticity and on reentry pathways (not discussed in the present paper), and possibly anticalcinotic protection of the arterial walls at an advanced age or in cases of premature arterial senescence due to diabetes, hypertension, or nicotine intoxication.
New Rules Imperil Care for Poor
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

NEW RULES cutting off federal Medicaid matching funds for donations and state taxes on health care providers may cut access to care. The regulations were published in the past month, and are effective January 1, 1992. The Bush administration says that states are running a "scam" by using money they collect specifically from health care providers to get two or three times as much back in federal matching funds. These funds are then paid back to the providers for their services. "The use of donations and provider taxes increases federal Medicaid costs without an increase in state expenditures or services, effectively altering the matching rate," Health and Human Services Secretary Louis W. Sullivan, MD, said in a press release, adding: "These devices are contrary to the cost-sharing partnership that is the hallmark of Medicaid." A report by a task force from the Department of Health and Human Services and the
Cancer "tsar" invites ideas for modernisation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Professor Mike Richards, the national cancer director for England, has called on everyone involved in cancer care to help shape the future of services by suggesting ways to make progress on the modernisation agenda.

He told a meeting on cancer care in London last week that he had been given three months in which to hold dialogues about which aspects of cancer services should be addressed in the new national cancer programme, …
Beyond Advance Directives — Health Care Surrogate Laws
Authors: Jerry A. Menikoff, Greg A. Sachs, Mark Siegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Encouraging patients to execute advance directives is a worthy goal. Although such documents are certainly not perfect and may in many instances be difficult to interpret,1 it is usually much easier to determine and respect a patient's wishes when there is an advance directive than when the patient has left no indication of his or her wishes.2 The importance of advance directives seems to be growing. Nonetheless, there is a fundamental limitation to their usefulness: relatively few people are likely ever to execute them. Certainly, the results before the enactment of the Patient Self-Determination Act, which became effective last December, . . .
A QUANTITATIVE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF MAN TO INFECTION OR VACCINATION WITH PASTEURELLA TULARENSIS
Authors: Mary M. Alexander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

A polysaccharide antigen, prepared from a virulent strain of Past. tularensis by phenol extraction, was employed in assaying the antibody in sera from persons recovered from infection with, or vaccinated with Past. tularensis, using the serological technique of quantitative precipitation. Antibody levels in sera of individuals vaccinated with or recovered from infection with Past. tularensis were found to resemble those observed in similar studies by other investigators, such as the antibody response to pneumococcal antigen, meningococcal polysaccharide, and blood group substances. It is suggested that the value of actively or of passively acquired antibody to an individual exposed to tularemia is dependent not on the amount of antibody alone, but also on the amount of antigen with which the antibody is capable of combining.
Only 12% of Germans say they will have H1N1 vaccine after row blows up over safety of adjuvants
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Concerns are growing in Germany about the safety of the swine flu vaccine that will be available to the general population after news was leaked last weekend that top politicians and some government employees will be given an alternative vaccine.

State and federal health officials announced in August the purchase of 50 million doses of Pandemrix, the H1N1 vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline. Pandemrix contains an adjuvant that includes squalene and boosts the effectiveness of the vaccine, meaning a much smaller amount of inactivated virus is needed for an effective dose. However, some experts say that adjuvants can produce inoculation reactions, such as headache and fever, or possibly even longer term side effects.

Michael Kochen, president of the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians, told the BMJ that Pandemrix has not been sufficiently tested to be declared safe for millions of people, especially small children and pregnant women. His main concern is the adjuvant.

He will not take the vaccine himself and has advised doctors in the association not to give it to …
Changes in Pulmonary Hemodynamics Produced by Isoproterenol Infusion in Emphysematous Patients
Authors: JOHN F. WILLIAMS, DOUGLAS H. WHITE, ROY H. BEHNKE
Journal: Circulation (1963)

PULMONARY hypertension is a common complication of diffuse obstructive pul- monary emphysema.'While obliteration of the pulmonary vascular bed may be the prin- cipal factor that causes pulmonary hypertension, it is apparent that other factors, sueh as hypoxia, increased cardiac output, and pulmonary vasomotor tone, are important contributing elements.2In most instances in which there is resting pulmonary hyperten- sion, an increase in cardiac output, such as is produced by exercise, is accompanied by an increase in pulmonary artery pressure and a constant or rising pulmonary vascular resist- ance.3It is the purpose of the present study to determine whether the pulmonary vascular bed in emphysematous subjects can accept an increase in blood flow without an increase in pulmonary vascular pressure or resistance.Isoproterenol was used in the present study, since it has been shown to produce pulmonarv vasodilatation when perfused into the isolated and intact dog lung4' 5 and is known to have a marked inotropic and ehronotropic myo- cardial action in man.Methods Eighteen male patients with clinical and radio- graphic evidence of pulmonary emphysema con- stituted the subjects for this study.Pulmonary function tests were done in all but two subjects to substantiate further this clinical diagnosis and warrant their inclusion in the study (table 1).Right heart catheterization was performed with
STUDIES ON THE DENATURATION OF ANTIBODY
Authors: George G. Wright
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

The specific rate of inactivation of antitoxin in urea solutions, as measured by the Römer neutralization test with toxin, has been shown to be independent of the concentration of protein under the conditions studied. The amount of precipitate obtained in the quantitative precipitation test with toxin, however, increases greatly with increasing protein concentration during denaturation. The time during which the protein concentration is important in this respect has been shown to be the interval in which the urea is being dialyzed from the solutions. The meaning of the results is discussed.
THE ROLE OF RENAL FUNCTION ON THE FIVE-YEAR INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN APPARENT HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS; THE ATTICA STUDY
Authors: Christina A. Chrysohoou, Christos Pitsavos, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, John Skoumas, Yannis Lentzas, Constantina Masoura, Marina Toutouza, Manolis Kambaxis, Lambros Papadimitriou, Vasiliki Metaxa, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Rectal Temperature in the Newborn After Birth Asphyxia
Authors: E. D. Burnard, K. W. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1958)

ULCERATION MBMT 1197 the period before the appearance of combined ulcers is taken as a basis for comparison.According to Balfour (1932) about 25% of peptic ulcer patients followed for an average of 10 years will show one or more episodes of bleeding.Emery and Monroe (1935) found an incidence of 26.7% in patients observed for an average of 3.5 years.Gastric ulcers are thought to bleed more often than duo- denal ulcers (Ivy, Grossman, and Bachrach, 1950).How- ever, Martin and Lewis (1949), in their follow-up of peptic ulcer patients for more than 10 years, observed bleeding in 26.8% of gastric and 35.2% of duodenal ulcers.In the present series the incidence of bleeding in 59 of 157 patients -that is, 37.6%-followed for a similar length of time, is somewhat higher.Moreover, three-fourths of the haemorrhages took place during the period which represen- ted on the average one-eighth or less of the total ulcer history.It is therefore not surprising that conservative treatment was abandoned in favour of partial gastrectomy in 68 of these patients.In fact, the present findings would suggest that surgical treatment is indicated more often in combined ulcers than in single ulcer, whether gastric or duodenal. SummaryThe combination of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers or ulcer scars was found in 157 hospital patients during a period of eight years.Cases suffering from prepyloric gastric ulcer were excluded owing to the un- certainty of location.The observed incidence of combined ulceration was 2.7% based on x-ray investigation.With the inclusion of an estimated 25% of prepyloric ulcers the incidence would reach 3.5%.Thus about one in every seven hos- pital patients suffering from ulcers of the stomach and 1 in 30 patients having a duodenal ulcer or ulcer scar will be found to show combined ulcers.With due awareness of the frequent occurrence of combined ulcers, the radiological examination repre- sents a reliable means of their diagnosis.Combined ulcers run a higher risk of bleeding, making surgical treatment more often advisable than in either gastric or duodenal ulcer occurring alone.Pyloric stenosis does not appear to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of combined ulcers.
Comment on: Bardenheier et al. Variation in Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Hospital Discharges for Obstetric Delivery Across 23 States in the United States. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1209–1214
Authors: William B. Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Bardenheier et al. (1) presented data on prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with delivery as a function of state and race. They identified a number of important risk factors including race, maternal age, state, insurance, and obesity. Overlooked in the article was any discussion of the role of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for GDM. A review found that “serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) <50 nmol/L in pregnancy was significantly related to the …
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Mary Ann Fletcher, Nancy Klimas
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Gold et al.<sup>1</sup>We have recently reported the psychosocial attributes<sup>2</sup>and the clinical and immunologic characteristics<sup>3</sup>of a sample of 30 subjects. We noted frequent personality and cognitive abnormalities in the cohort, such as moderate to severe depression (as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) seen in 79% of the subjects and frequent pathological personality disorders as defined by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II. These subjects showed clear evidence of immunologic deficiency, the most notable being low natural killer-cell cytotoxicity (73%), low phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen response (63%), normal CD4 numbers but abnormal distribution of CD4 subsets, elevated CD8 and I<sub>2</sub>+ CD8 + cells and low production of interferon-γ by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Perhaps the explanation for the difference in our report and that by Gold et al lies in patient selection. All of the subjects
Anticonvulsant drugs, folate deficiency, and metabolic bone disease.
Authors: E H Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1972)

therefore remains largely unknown.On the other hand, the terms "alive" or "dead" do not give an account of the whole phen- omenon.For example, the patient described by Dodge and Curie2 benefited from de- compression and lobectomy, and was the only one of the 37 cases reported by Hay- maker et al.3 which survived.Nevertheless, the death of the same patient was later re- ported4 and I wonder whether this case could be used to illustrate the success or failure of surgery.No. of Alive Dead Cases Untreated .26863 205 Treated .10149 52 Surgery only .. 28 1 17 IDU* only . . 25 13 12 ARA C** only .. 8 7 1 Steroids only .. 19 9 10 Steroids -surgery . 2 1 1 IDU or ARA C -t surgery 12 4 8 IDU or ARA C ;-steroids.. 3 2 1 Steroids -surgery IDU or ARA C .. 3 2 1 Poly-I.C.*** .. 1 0 1 * Idoxuridine.**Cytosine arabinoside.
Rates of Decline in Regions of the Visual Field Defined by Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with RPGR-Mediated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: David G. Birch, Kirsten G. Locke, Joost Felius, Martin Klein, Dianna K.H. Wheaton, Dennis R. Hoffman, Donald C. Hood
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a 1987 viewpoint.
Authors: E D Wigle
Journal: Circulation (1987)

HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (HCM) is characterized by symmetric or asymmetric hypertrophy of the left and/or right ventricle (table 1).* It is a primary disorder of heart muscle in which the site and extent of the hypertrophic process are important in determining the disease manifestations.'Ventricular (asymmetric) septal hypertrophy is the commonest form of HCM (table 1) and is characterized by abnormalities of systolic and diastolic function as well as rhythm disturbances.Systole is characterized by the presence or absence of an intraventricular pres- sure gradient, which when present may be persistent (gradient at rest), labile (spontaneously variable), or latent (provocable).", 2 Diastole is characterized by ab- normalities of ventricular relaxation3 and passive chamber stiffness.4Patients with extensive hypertrophy are more likely to manifest the abnormalities of systolic and diastolic function, as well as being more prone to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.'During the almost three decades that HCM has been recognized as a clinical entity with regard to the significant morbidity and mortality, our knowledge and understanding of the diastolic and rhythm abnor- malities have advanced in a fairly orderly, if perhaps modest, fashion.Such is not the case, however, with interpretation of the significance of the systolic intra- ventricular pressure differences.Most investigators accept that the characteristic pressure gradient, caused by prolonged mitral leaflet-septal contact, represents obstruction to left ventricular outflow and offer these patients surgical relief of the obstruction if they are unresponsive to medical therapy."'`5,6 However,
Widespread Genetic Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Jens G. Lohr, Petar Stojanov, Scott L. Carter, Peter Cruz-Gordillo, Michael S. Lawrence, Daniel Auclair, Carrie Sougnez, Birgit Knoechel, Joshua Gould, Gordon Saksena, Kristian Cibulskis, Aaron McKenna, Michael A. Chapman, Ravid Straussman, Joan Levy, Louise M. Perkins, Jonathan J. Keats, Steven E. Schumacher, Mara Rosenberg, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, Kenneth C. Anderson, Paul Richardson, Amrita Krishnan, Sagar Lonial, Jonathan Kaufman, David S. Siegel, David H. Vesole, Vivek Roy, Candido E. Rivera, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji Kumar, Rafael Fonseca, Greg J. Ahmann, P. Leif Bergsagel, A. Keith Stewart, Craig C. Hofmeister, Yvonne A. Efebera, Sundar Jagannath, Ajai Chari, Suzanne Trudel, Donna Reece, Jeffrey Wolf, Thomas Martin, Todd Zimmerman, Cara Rosenbaum, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, Daniel Lebovic, Ravi Vij, Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Prognostic value of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and of night/day ratio in nondiabetic, cardiovascular events-free hemodialysis patients
Authors: Giovanni Tripepi, Riccardo Maria Fagugli, Pietro Dattolo, Giovanna Parlongo, Francesca Mallamaci, Umberto Buoncristiani, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Rehabilitation of the Employee Injured in Industry
Authors: Alexander P. Aitken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN THE life of the average workingman there is nothing more serious than the loss of his earning capacity. A serious injury with prolonged disability has far-reaching effects, not only on the man himself but also on his family. Plans for the purchase of a home and for education of his family are uppermost in the minds of most workingmen —plans that may have to be abandoned as a result of an industrial accident. It is only natural, therefore, that a person so injured should look to his doctor for the treatment that will restore him to his job in . . .
Chronic rhinosinusitis: An enhanced immune response to ubiquitous airborne fungi
Authors: Seung-Heon Shin, Jens U. Ponikau, David A. Sherris, David Congdon, Evangelo Frigas, Henry A. Homburger, Mark C. Swanson, Gerald J. Gleich, Hirohito Kita
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Myocardial ischaemia and cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: G. BENZING, J. STOCKERT, E. NAVE, S. KAPLAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The effects of intermittent and continuous myocardial ischaemia for a total duration of 45 min during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass were investigated by ventricular function curves and tension—velocity relations. On the basis of retention of left ventricular hydraulic output power capacity, intermittent myocardial anoxia provided a significant advantage in preservation of function.
TEE-DETECTED LEFT ATRIAL THROMBOGENIC MILIEU IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Ghislaine Dufaitre, Stephane Ederhy, Sylvie Lang, Louise Boyer- Chatenet, Catherine Meuleman, Nabila Haddour, Fanny Douna, Emmanuelle Berthelot- Garcias, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Franck Boccara, Ariel Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Gastric secretory response to iron therapy.
Authors: W D Stone
Journal: Gut (1968)

1.<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent genome-wide association studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with subcortical brain volumes. These studies have been undertaken in largely adult cohorts. To better understand the role of genetic variability in foetal and perinatal brain development, we investigate how common genetic variation affects subcortical brain development in a cohort of 208 term-born infants from the Developing Human Connectome Project. We examine six SNPs, that have shown robust associations with subcortical brain volumes in adult studies and ask if these associations exist at birth. We then investigate whether genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) for adult subcortical brain volumes are predictive of the corresponding neonatal brain volume. Finally, we explore the relationship between GPSs for psychiatric disorders and subcortical brain volume at birth. We find the association between SNP rs945270 and putamen volume, seen in adults, is present at birth (p=3.67×10<sup>-3</sup>, β=0.13, SE=0.04). The associations between SNP rs61921502 and hippocampal volume and SNP rs11111090 and brainstem volume are also nominally present in our neonatal cohort. We show that neonatal hippocampal, brainstem, putamen and thalamic volume are all significantly associated with the GPSs for their corresponding volume in adults. Finally, we find that GPSs for five psychiatric disorders and a cross-disorder score are not significantly predictive of subcortical brain volumes or total brain volume at birth. Our results indicate that SNPs important in shaping adult subcortical brain volume are also significant in foetal and perinatal brain development. <h3>Key Points</h3> We show that the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism, rs945270 and putamen volume, seen in adults, is present in neonates. We show that neonatal hippocampal, putamen, brainstem and thalamic volumes are all significantly predicted by the genome-wide polygenic scores for corresponding adult brain volumes. We do not find any robust association between genome-wide polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders and neonatal brain volume although we observe several nominal associations.