tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Further Note on the Return of the Knee Jerk in a Tabetic Patient after an Attack of Hemiplegia
Authors: J. H. Jackson, J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1894)

which occurred in the growth and nutrition of animals.By looking closely at the phenomena of life, it would be seen that it involved a balance and alternation of protoplasmic and ferment action.In man the starch taken as food was converted into sugar by the saliva and pancreatic juice, absorbed, and carried to the liver, where it was brought under the protoplasmic action of the liver cells, which reduced it to glycogen-a process of dehydration.In the vegetable kingdom transmutation in the direction of dehydration might be observed in the production of cellulose and starch, which were end-products.In the animal kingdom an instance might be given of the production of a carbo-hydrate as an end-product, since it was present in the texture basis of the test or outer investment of the tunicata.But in the animal kingdom this was an exception; as a rule, carbo-hydrates were not end-products, but were utilised in the production of fat or proteid.That carbo-hydrates were thus utilised for the production of proteids was proved by the fact that the yeast plant could grow in Pasteur s liquid.
CD200 Upregulation in Vascular Endothelium Surrounding Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Daniel A. Belkin, Hiroshi Mitsui, Claire Q. F. Wang, Juana Gonzalez, Shali Zhang, Kejal R. Shah, Israel Coats, Mayte Suàrez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Diane Felsen, John A. Carucci
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2012)

To characterize the presence of CD200 and CD200 receptor (CD200R) in the human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) microenvironment and to define a possible role for the CD200 axis in immune evasion by SCC.Gene expression in SCC vs normal skin was studied. Laser capture microdissection was used to determine differential expression of CD200 in normal skin vs actinic keratosis vs SCC in situ vs invasive SCC. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to define expression of CD200R on macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T cells in SCC vs normal skin. The effects of SCC supernatant on induction of CD200 in human blood endothelial cells was also examined.Academic Medical Center with an established Section of Mohs and Dermatologic Surgery and an active Cutaneous Biology Research Program.Surgical discard tissue from deidentified patients and samples of normal skin from healthy volunteers were used in this study.Expression of CD200 on SCC-associated blood vessels; expression of CD200 receptor on SCC-associated macrophages and T cells; and induction of CD200 on endothelial cells by SCC supernatants.CD200 gene and message were upregulated in SCC stroma. Immunostaining revealed a higher number of CD200(+) cells in SCC stroma than in normal dermis (180.8 cells/mm(2) vs 24.6 cells/mm(2)) (P<.01). CD200 was further identified mainly on blood vessel endothelium in SCC. Tumor supernatant was able to induce CD200 expression on human dermal blood endothelial cells in culture. CD200R was identified on macrophages and dendritic cells in SCC microenvironment.CD200 expression on local blood vessels may promote tumor progression by suppressing CD200R myeloid cells during diapedesis. These data highlight a previously unrecognized mechanism of immune evasion by SCC and may provide guidance for the development of targeted therapy.
Localisation of lysozyme mRNA in rheumatoid synovial membrane by in situ hybridisation.
Authors: Y T Konttinen, V Bergroth, M Kulomaa, D Nordstrom, M Segerberg-Konttinen, R Keinanen, P Kemppinen, M Hukkanen, M Gronblad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Type A synovial lining cells have been shown to contain lysozyme in their lysosomes. This might be phagocytosed because synovial fluid contains lysozyme originating from tissue macrophages and articular cartilage but in arthritides, in particular, from neutrophils. In situ hybridisation with 35S labelled cDNA was used to detect mRNA for lysozyme over synovial lining in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No hybridisation was found with lactoferrin cDNA, which was used as a negative control. Computer search against the EMBL gene bank (release 14) did not show any significant cross hybridisation to a known sequence. In cytological specimens 35S-cDNA:mRNA hybrids were observed in positive but not in negative control cells. The presence of lysozyme and its mRNA suggests that type A synovial lining cells are of mononuclear phagocyte lineage.
Think cytokines before you drink
Authors: S C L GOUGH
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 540 

Conditions which arise from single gene defects demonstrate a simple mendelian mode of inheritance. There are however a large number of common conditions in which genetic factors are thought to be involved but are not clearly passed from one individual to another and merely cluster in families. Such observations raise a number of questions including: what is the size of the genetic contribution to the disorder and how might the susceptibility gene(s) involved in the development of the condition be identified ?

The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council twin registry of almost 16 000 twin pairs reported concordance rates for cirrhosis of 16.9% in monozygotic twins and 5.3% in dizygotic twins, implying a genetic predisposition to this complication of alcohol abuse.1 Although it is possible that twins share not only genes but a similar environment, with greater (in utero) environmental sharing in monozygotic twins, there is increasing epidemiological2 and laboratory3 evidence to support a genetic basis to familial clustering. However, the concordance rate for alcoholic liver disease in monozygotic twins falls well below 100%, highlighting the role of environmental as well as genetic factors.

The magnitude of the genetic contribution to disease is not easy to assess in common disorders. The overall …
RED LINEAE DISTENSAE
Authors: N. K. MACRAE-GIBSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article RED LINEAE DISTENSAE Get access N. K. MACRAE‐GIBSON N. K. MACRAE‐GIBSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 9, 1 September 1952, Pages 315–323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15813.x Published: 01 September 1952
Yield of Sputum Induction in the Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis
Authors: Marcus B. Conde, Angela Chindamo Loivos, Valeria M. Rezende, Sergio L. M. Soares, Fernanda C. Q. Mello, Arthur L. Reingold, Charles L. Daley, Afranio L. Kritski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of acid-fast bacilli smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using sputum induction (SI) in the workup of patients with suspected pleural tuberculosis (TB) who were unable to produce sputum spontaneously. Of the 113 patients studied, a final diagnosis of pleural TB was made in 84 patients (71 HIV seronegative) and a final diagnosis of another disease in 29 patients. Histopathologic examination of the pleural biopsy tissue had the highest diagnostic yield (78%; 66/84). The bacteriologic yield was 62% (52/84) for the pleural tissue, 12% (10/84) for pleural fluid, and 52% (44/84) for sputum cultures obtained by SI. The yield of SI culture for M. tuberculosis was 55% (35/64) in patients with a normal radiograph (except for the pleural effusion) and 45% (9/20) in those with evidence of parenchymal disease suggestive of pulmonary TB (p = 0.6). The yield of sputum cultures obtained by SI is high in patients suspected of having pleural TB even in those cases with no pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on the chest radiograph.
Coronary Artery Disease Screening Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography—Reply
Authors: Joseph B. Muhlestein, Donald L. Lappe, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Left ventricular aneurysm of unusual aetiology: report of two cases.
Authors: H Hertzeanu, V Deutsch, J H Yahini, Y Lieberman, H N Neufeld
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Two young patients aged 14 and 25 with left ventricular aneurysms are described. In both, a clinical picture initiated by attacks of supraventricular tachycardia led to the discovery of the condition. In the first patient the clinical picture clearly suggested a traumatic aetiology. In the second, the angiographic and histological findings strongly favoured a congenital origin. Both patients underwent successful aneurysmectomy. The literature on the incidence and aetiology of traumatic or congenital ventricular aneurysms is discussed.
Prostaglandin E2 Compared with Oxytocin for the Induction of Labour
Authors: I. L. Craft, A. R. Cullum, D. T. L. May, A. D. Noble, D. J. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A comparison has been made between the effectiveness of infusing prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> with Syntocinon for the induction of labour in the presence of intact membranes. Rapid titration schedules were used to induce an early uterine response. All 15 subjects receiving prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> achieved cervical dilatation, whereas this occurred in only 9 out of 15 patients receiving Syntocinon.
Gene Discovery in Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Edwin G. Bovill
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mothers Take Physicians’ Advice on Vaccines
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Rising numbers of C difficile infections have been a growing concern in hospitals, with the use of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones being implicated in adult infections.However,dataabout risk factors associated with pediatric C difficile infections have been limited. ThomasJ.Sandora,MD,MPH,anepidemiologist and medical director of infection control at Children’s Hospital in Boston,andcolleaguesconductedanested case-control study at Children’s Hospital that compared 94 pediatric patients with diarrhea who tested positive for C difficile with 238 matched controls (patients with a negative test for C difficile, 2controlspercase)betweenJanuaryand August2008.Severalriskfactorswerecorrelatedwiththe infection, includinghaving received an organ transplant (odds ratio [OR], 8.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-31.12), a lack of previous hospitalization(OR,8.43;95%CI,4.3916.20), and having a feeding tube (OR, 3.32;95%CI,1.71-6.42).Antibiotictreatment intheprevious4weekswasalsoassociated with C difficile infection; treatmentwith fluoroquinolonesconferreda higher risk (OR, 17.04; 95% CI 5.8649.54) than nonfluoroquinolones (OR, 2.23 95% CI, 1.18-4.20). Previousstudieshadsuggestedpatients withcompromisedimmunesystemsand thosetreatedwithantibioticswereatrisk. Sandora said ina telephone interviewafter the meeting that fluoroquinolones wereaknownriskfactorinadultsbecause treatment with these antibiotics can disturb intestinal floral in such a way that allowsCdifficiletoflourish.Feedingtubes also had been implicated previously as a riskfactorinadults; thecurrentstudywas the first to find such a link in children. Additionally, one-quarter of the cases Sandora and his colleagues identified were community-associated infections. Sandora explained that national statistics suggest community-acquired C difficile cases are increasing for reasons that are not entirely clear. In light of these findings, Sandora urged physicians to consider the possibility of C difficile in pediatric patients with risk factors, such as having been treated with antibiotics, being immunosuppressed, or having a feeding tube. “Physicians should consider C diff even in a child who has not been hospitalized,” he said.
Persistent Cough and Widespread Pulmonary Involvement in a Young Woman
Authors: Richard J. D'Amico
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>History</h3> A 24-year-old black woman was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of persistent cough of three months' duration. She had had normal chest roentgenograms approximately 12 and 6 months before admission for similar complaints. Physical examination demonstrated a comfortable, obese woman with no shortness of breath. Examination of the neck, thorax, and abdomen gave normal findings. No evidence of lymphadenopathy was apparent. Routine complete blood cell count and urinalysis showed no abnormalities. Results of intravenous urography, mammography, and thyroid scan were also normal. Persistent cough remained the sole complaint of the patient. Figures 1 and 2 were obtained on admission. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Sarcoidosis. <h3>Comment</h3> The posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms disclose a number of large, ill-defined nodular densities varying in diameter from 3 to 5 cm, located mainly in the central and lower zones of both lung fields. The borders of the nodular densities are hazy and fluffy and
Towards a theory of continuity of care
Authors: D. P. Gray, P. Evans, K. Sweeney, P. Lings, D. Seamark, C. Seamark, M. Dixon, N. Bradley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

As a principle of healthcare planning, continuity of care is losing ground. It is increasingly being superseded by other principles—notably, accessibility and plurality of provision. Baker1 has identified the pressures and Hjortdahl2 writes of continuity ‘going out of style’. National Health Service (NHS) walk-in centres provide open-access primary care on sites separate from general practices and staffed by different people. For the first time, it is possible that continuity of care will be phased out of NHS planning. If this happens, what will be the consequences for patients and doctors?

Over many years a research group in Exeter, including all the authors of this paper, has been developing a theory of continuity, based partly on clinical experience and partly on published evidence. The essence of the Exeter theory is that, in primary care, a ‘personal doctor’ with accumulating knowledge of the patient's history, values, hopes and fears will provide better care than a similarly qualified doctor who lacks such knowledge; and that the benefits of such continuity will include not only greater satisfaction for the patient but also more efficient consultations, better preventive care and lower costs.

When we assess continuity in primary care, the duration of registration with the general practitioner (GP) is only one background factor. A more important consideration is the total time the patient and doctor have been in direct communication; and this will include contacts about third parties, such as a child, or an elderly relative during a home visit. We recognize that continuity can have disadvantages; for example, a fresh eye may see what the familiar eye has missed. In this paper we examine the published evidence for and against continuity in primary care.
Ecstasy produces left ventricular dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats
Authors: S. K. Shenouda, K. C. Lord, E. McIlwain, P. A. Lucchesi, K. J. Varner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Our aim was to determine whether the repeated, binge administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy; MDMA) produces structural and/or functional changes in the myocardium that are associated with oxidative stress.Echocardiography and pressure-volume conductance catheters were used to assess left ventricular (LV) structure and function in rats subjected to four ecstasy binges (9 mg/kg i.v. for 4 days, separated by a 10 day drug-free period). Hearts from treated and control rats were used for either biochemical and proteomic analysis or the isolation of adult LV myocytes. After the fourth binge, treated hearts showed eccentric LV dilation and diastolic dysfunction. Systolic function was not altered in vivo; however, the magnitude of the contractile responses to electrical stimulation was significantly smaller in myocytes from rats treated in vivo with ecstasy compared with myocytes from control rats. The magnitude of the peak increase in intracellular calcium (measured by Fura-2) was also significantly smaller in myocytes from ecstasy-treated vs. control rats. The relaxation kinetics of the intracellular calcium transients were significantly longer in myocytes from ecstasy-treated rats. Ecstasy significantly increased nitrotyrosine content in the left ventricle. Proteomic analysis revealed increased nitration of contractile proteins (troponin-T, tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, myosin light polypeptide, and myosin regulatory light chain), mitochondrial proteins (Ub-cytochrome-c reductase and ATP synthase), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase.The repeated binge administration of ecstasy produces eccentric LV dilation and dysfunction that is accompanied by oxidative stress. These functional responses may result from the redox modification of proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and/or mitochondrial energy production. Together, these results indicate that ecstasy has the potential to produce serious cardiac toxicity and ventricular dysfunction.
CXC-chemokines, a new group of cytokines in congestive heart failure — possible role of platelets and monocytes
Authors: J Damås
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the circulating levels of CXC-chemokines in patients with various degree of congestive heart failure (CHF). Background: CXC-chemokines may be important mediators in the persistent immune activation observed in CHF patients by activation of circulating neutrophils, T-cells and monocytes and possibly by the recruitment of these cells into the failing myocardium. Methods: Levels of interleukin (IL)-8, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)α and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide (ENA)-78 were measured both in serum and in platelet-free plasma by enzyme immunoassay in 47 patients with CHF and in 20 healthy controls. Results: (i) CHF patients had significantly elevated levels of all the three CXC-chemokines with IL-8 and GROα showing a gradual increase along with increasing NYHA class. (ii) There was an inverse correlation between IL-8 and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac index (CI). (iii) Both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes from CHF patients released markedly elevated amounts of all three CXC-chemokines. (iv) Platelets from patients with severe CHF were characterised by decreased content of GROα and ENA-78 as well as decreased release of these chemokines upon thrombin receptor stimulation. (v) Activated platelets stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro to enhanced release of IL-8, and neutralising antibodies against ENA-78 inhibited this interaction. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time elevated levels of CXC-chemokines in CHF, which may be of importance for progression of heart failure. Our findings further suggest that activated monocytes and platelets may contribute to enhanced CXC-chemokine levels in CHF.
An unusual presentation of gonococcal arthritis in an HIV positive patient.
Authors: I S Strongin, S A Kale, M K Raymond, R L Luskin, G W Weisberg, J J Jacobs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A 27 year old, HIV positive, homosexual man was admitted for evaluation and treatment of acute oligoarticular arthritis. Gonococcal arthritis was found in a single hip and a single sternoclavicular joint, which is an unusual distribution for this bacterial pathogen.
A Perspective on Medicaid
Authors: Samuel Levey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Most forecasts of Medicaid expenditures fell far short of actual costs primarily because of failure to develop realistic indicators of potential demand for health services by the needy and failure to account for expected increases in the cost of medical care. For the year before to the beginning of Medicaid in Massachusetts in September, 1966, expenditures for medical assistance to welfare recipients were $107.6 million. Two years later costs for the same period were $205.8 million. The largest components of Medicaid expense are in the hospital and nursing-home areas, where price alterations are principally responsible for changes in costs. Few state Medicaid agencies have been able to impose meaningful controls upon the quality and quantity of medical care. In Massachusetts an automated data-processing system to develop such measures will soon be inaugurated. The capability of the states to offer comprehensive Medicaid services is unlikely until the health system undergoes major reorganization, bolstered by greater federal participation through expanded matching funds.
Interaction of glucocorticoids with macrophages. Identification of glucocorticoid receptors in monocytes and macrophages.
Authors: Z Werb, R Foley, A Munck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Glucocorticoid binding was measured in resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, rabbit alveolar macrophages, and human monocytes. Two assays of binding were used--an assay with intact cells in suspension or monolayers, and an assay of cytosol and nuclear forms of glucocorticoid receptors. The mononuclear phagocytes contained approximately equal to 4--10 X 10(3) high affinity receptor sites per cell, with dissociation constants of approximately equal to 2--8 nM dexamethasone. The binding to the saturable sites was specific for steroids with glucocorticoid or antiglucocorticoid activity. Cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone competed with dexamethasone for binding, whereas estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and 11-epicortisol competed very little. Binding of dexamethasone to cytosol and nuclear forms of the receptor complex and temperature-sensitive translocation of cytosol forms to nuclear forms were shown. At 37 degrees C the predominant form of the hormone-receptor complex was nuclear. These results demonstrate that corticosteroids interact with macrophages at physiological concentrations.