tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders: An Approach to Psychological Medicine
Authors: Frida G. Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This monograph on hysteria is of uneven quality. The chapters describing the psychopathology of hysteria and the differential diagnosis are interesting and informative. The author demonstrates comprehensive knowledge of the subject, based on his large clinical experience gathered in England and in India. The message which the reader derives from this portion of the book is that the diagnosis of hysteria must be made on the basis of positive findings and not by exclusion of other conditions. The remainder of the book is devoted to related disorders and contains chapters on hypnoid states, multiple personality, the accidentprone individual, and the syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette. In addition there are chapters on dissociation and communication, symbols, effects, and language. Some of these chapters lack clarity of expression and organization. The text aims at readers with a background in psychoanalytic literature and knowledge of highly technical terminology. The phrasing is frequently
Nucleotide polymorphism in the acidic chitinase locus (ChiA) region of the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: A. Kawabe, H. Innan, R. Terauchi, N. T. Miyashita
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

To investigate DNA variation in natural plant populations, a 1.8-kb region of the acidic chitinase locus (ChiA)was analyzed for 17 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana sampled worldwide and 3 Arabis species in Japan. As in the Adh region, dimorphism was detected throughout the investigated ChiA region, suggesting the possibility that dimorphic DNA variation exists in the entire nuclear genome of A. thaliana. The ChiA region was divided into two blocks by an intragenic recombination between two parental sequence types, which diverged 7.4 MYA under the assumption that nucleotide mutation rate per site per year is mu = 10(-9). Nucleotide diversity in the entire ChiA region was 0.0104. Tajima's test was significantly negative for both nucleotide and indel variations, which was manifested as an excess of unique polymorphisms. However, the level and pattern of polymorphism in the ChiA region were inconsistent with simple theoretical explanations. The HKA test detected no difference in the levels of intra- and interspecific variations between the ChiA and Adh regions. In the ChiA coding region, no difference in the patterns of synonymous and replacement variation was found in intra- and interspecific comparisons by the MK test. Although it was difficult to determine the exact genetic mechanism acting on the ChA locus, these results suggested that the ChA locus region was under the same genetic mechanism before and after the establishment of A. thaliana as a species.
CCGs were "queuing up" behind rationing pioneer to implement same policy, conference hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Controversial plans by one of England’s clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to ration access to surgery had the unpredictable but financially helpful effect of reducing referrals, a conference was told on Thursday 19 February.

The Devon CCG was forced to backtrack on plans to limit surgery for smokers and morbidly obese patients because of criticisms from the Department of Health, but it nevertheless saw referrals for surgery rapidly decline after the controversy, while referrals for smoking cessation increased.

David Jenner, who chairs two parts of the Northern, Eastern and Western Devon CCG, said at a debate held by the Nuffield Trust that the limitations on surgery had been seen as an “emergency measure,” since the CCG was in deficit and local intervention rates were very high for reasons that were not understood.

“We got quite a lot of support from the public, particularly on smoking cessation,” he said. …
Fenofibrate differentially regulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-dependent induction of orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner
Authors: Dipanjan Chanda, Chul Ho Lee, Yong-Hoon Kim, Jung-Ran Noh, Don-Kyu Kim, Ji-Hoon Park, Jung Hwan Hwang, Mi-Ran Lee, Kyeong-Hoon Jeong, In-Kyu Lee, Gi Ryang Kweon, Minho Shong, Goo-Taeg Oh, John Y. L. Chiang, Hueng-Sik Choi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) is a marker of the fibrinolytic system and serves as a possible predictor for hepatic metabolic syndromes. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) agonist, is a drug used for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) plays a key role in transcriptional repression of crucial genes involved in various metabolic pathways. In this study, we show that fenofibrate increased SHP gene expression in cultured liver cells and in the normal and diabetic mouse liver by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in a PPARalpha-independent manner. Administration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) or a methionine-deficient and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce the progressive fibrosing steatohepatitis model in C57BL/6 mice was significantly reversed by fenofibrate via AMPK-mediated induction of SHP gene expression with a dramatic decrease in PAI-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression along with other fibrotic marker genes. No reversal was observed in SHP null mice treated with fenofibrate. Treatment with another PPARalpha agonist, WY14643, showed contrasting effects on these marker gene expressions in wild-type and SHP null mice, demonstrating the specificity of fenofibrate in activating AMPK signaling. Fenofibrate exhibited a differential inhibitory pattern on PAI-1 gene expression depending on the transcription factors inhibited by SHP.By demonstrating that a PPARalpha-independent fenofibrate-AMPK-SHP regulatory cascade can play a key role in PAI-1 gene down-regulation and reversal of fibrosis, our study suggests that various AMPK activators regulating SHP might provide a novel pharmacologic option in ameliorating hepatic metabolic syndromes.
Gene Expression Profile Analysis by DNA Microarrays
Authors: Hadley C. King, Animesh A. Sinha
Journal: JAMA (2001)

DNAmicroarrays represent a technological intersection between biology and computers that enables gene expression analysis in human tissues on a genome-wide scale. This application can be expected to prove extremely valuable for the study of the genetic basis of complex diseases. Despite the enormous promise of this revolutionary technology, there are several issues and possible pitfalls that may undermine the authority of the microarray platform. We discuss some of the conceptual, practical, statistical, and logistical issues surrounding the use of microarrays for gene expression profiling. These issues include the imprecise definition of normal in expression comparisons; the cellular and subcellular heterogeneity of the tissues being studied; the difficulty in establishing the statistically valid comparability of arrays; the logistical logjam in analysis, presentation, and archiving of the vast quantities of data generated; and the need for confirmational studies that address the functional relevance of findings. Although several complicated issues must be resolved, the potential payoff remains large.
PITUITARY DISEASE IN A BOY, AGED FOUR
Authors: Sigurd W. Johnsen
Journal: JAMA (1926)

R. B. was admitted to the surgical ward after an automobile accident, suffering from minor abrasions of the face, and a slight scalp laceration. He appeared to be about 10 years of age; he was well developed, but had an unusually well developed penis, like that of an adult, and an abundance of pubic hair. On the arrival of his father, it was ascertained that the boy was 4 years of age. He was born, April 15, 1921, of normal delivery, at home, and weighed 9½ pounds (4.3 kg.). At the age of 1 month, the mother noticed that the bowels were habitually constipated. She then gave him daily cathartics. He was breast fed until 4 months old. After that he was given 4 ounces (120 c.c.) of whole milk every three or four hours. At the age of 14 months he had an attack of convulsions, followed by two
HYSTERIA OR MALINGERING IN A GIRL OF TEN YEARS.
Authors: FLAVEL B. TIFFANY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the light of my experience of more than a quarter of a century in the practice of ophthalmology this seems to me a unique case of unusual interest. The question is: Is it likely that this is a case of hysteria in a child of 10 years, with no manifestation or evidence of any immediate approach of the catamenia? <h3>Patient.</h3> —Miriam G., aged 10, of light complexion, blue eyes, from Kansas, was brought by her father to consult me Jan. 8, 1907. <h3>History.</h3> —The father stated that up to the week previous the child had seemingly good eyes with good vision, but last Friday, January 4, she came from school and said that during the afternoon, while studying, the page suddenly became red. Thereafter she complained of all colors appearing red, with the exception of objects of red color, which looked white. She spoke of the red brick sidewalk
DOES THE SECOND GENERATION OCT IMPROVE SAFETY AND FEASIBILITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE? A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Takayuki Okamura, Nieves Gonzalo, Patrick W. Serruys, Robert J. van Geuns, Willem J. van der Giessen, Jurgen M. Ligthart, Gijs van Soest, Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett E. Bouma, Evelyn Regar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Macroscopic Pathology of the Lungs in Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: WASHINGTON C. WINN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We used the whole lung section technique to review the macroscopic pathology in 12 patients who died with Legionnaires' disease. None of these patients had been treated with erythromycin. Consolidation was evenly distributed throughout all lobes without a consistent segmental distribution. The smallest lesions were around bronchioles or bounded by lobular septa. In most cases there was confluent involvement of multiple lobules. Extensive consolidation made distinction between a lobar and confluent lobular distribution difficult. Abscesses were present in two cases and nodular infiltrates in two others. In five additional patients, Legionnaires' disease had been treated with erythromycin. Four had a clinical response to treatment, and the fifth had diffuse staphylococcal pneumonia as the predominant lesion. Because the lungs of all five patients contained bacteria other than the Legionnaires' disease bacterium at the time of autopsy, it was difficult to ascertain the role of Legionnaires' disease bacterium in the pathology.
Differences in the Diagnostic Yield of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Dyspeptic Patients Receiving Proton-Pump Inhibitors and H2-Receptor Antagonists
Authors: R. M. S. Mitchell, J. S. A. Collins, R. G. P. Watson, T. C. K. Tham
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Patients attending for diagnostic oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) for dyspeptic symptoms are often receiving acid-suppression therapy that has not been discontinued prior to endoscopy, and this may reduce the diagnostic yield of endoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of OGD in uncomplicated dyspepsia in patients receiving no medication, those receiving acid-suppression therapy, and those receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the time of endoscopy. Patients and Methods: A total of 6825 diagnostic OGDs performed in our unit between 1993 and 2001 were analysed. Patients were excluded if they had sinister symptoms, were receiving NSAIDs, or were undergoing repeat or surveillance endoscopy. Results: A total of 4233 OGDs (62 %) fulfilled the criteria for uncomplicated dyspepsia. Of the patients examined in these procedures, 1367 (32 %) were receiving acid-suppression therapy. A total of 724 patients (53 % of those on therapy) were receiving proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), 393 of whom (54 %) had positive endoscopic findings (oesophagitis 31 %, gastritis 16 %, duodenal ulcer/duodenitis 16 %). A total of 643 (47 % of the patients on therapy) were receiving H2-receptor antagonists, 443 of whom (69 % of this group) had positive endoscopic findings (oesophagitis 30 %, gastritis 21 %, duodenal ulcer/duodenitis 31 %). A total of 2866 patients were not receiving acid-suppression therapy, 1805 of whom (63 %) had endoscopic findings (oesophagitis 37 %, gastritis 14 %, duodenal ulcer/duodenitis 24 %). The endoscopic yield was significantly lowest in the PPI group, except for the diagnosis of oesophagitis. Overall, 17 carcinomas were detected in patients referred with simple dyspepsia, and in five of these cases the patients were receiving acid suppression. Conclusions: The widespread use of acid suppression in the treatment of simple dyspepsia prior to endoscopy leads to a reduction in the endoscopic recognition of mucosal lesions caused by acid-peptic disease, but not to a high healing rate for these lesions, and it may mask malignancy.
Inverted genomic segments and complex triplication rearrangements are mediated by inverted repeats in the human genome
Authors: Claudia M B Carvalho, Melissa B Ramocki, Davut Pehlivan, Luis M Franco, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Ping Fang, Alanna McCall, Eniko Karman Pivnick, Stacy Hines-Dowell, Laurie H Seaver, Linda Friehling, Sansan Lee, Rosemarie Smith, Daniela del Gaudio, Marjorie Withers, Pengfei Liu, Sau Wai Cheung, John W Belmont, Huda Y Zoghbi, P J Hastings, James R Lupski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Gastrostomy: Its Use and Dangers in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Thomas M. Holder, Lucian L. Leape, Keith W. Ashcraft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

GASTROSTOMY is usually performed for one of two reasons: for gastric decompression after gastrointestinal and other major abdominal operations; or for feeding in patients who are unable to take food by mouth. The safety and applicability of gastrostomy in the pediatric surgical patient have been appreciated.1 2 3 4 5 Other reports, however, have stressed a high mortality and morbidity attributable to gastrostomy in infants.6 , 7 As a result, some surgeons hesitate to use gastrostomy in the small surgical patient.Although gastric decompression or feeding can usually be accomplished by a nasogastric tube, there are several reasons for preferring a gastrostomy. In the first place, . . .
Presumed Curable: An Illustrated Casebook of Victorian Psychiatric Patients in Bethlem Hospital
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Bethlem is one of the most prestigious institutions in the history of psychiatry, its antecedents dating from the 13th century. Between 1886 and 1895 some 300 photographs were taken of its inpatients. At that time, evolution and its ugly sister, eugenics, were on the rise, and one can only speculate on the purpose of these images (though they were probably used for teaching).

Sixty one of the patients featured in the book are identified by name, their photographs …
X-Rays and Radium in the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Not since the fourth edition of this completely rewritten and authoritative volume has anyone had so many nice things to say about radiation therapy for skin diseases. This is the bible for those who wish to use x-rays.  The history of radiology, its basic nuclear physics, electricity theory, protection from x-rays and equipment for their administration, and practical details of their use—all these are discussed with clarity and authority in the book's first 262 pages. The biologic effects of radiation, both good and bad, take up the next 215 pages; included is an exhaustive monograph on the pathologic histology of radiodermatitis, contributed by Hamilton Montgomery. The final 330 pages deal with details of therapy—disease by disease—with abundant illustrations of cases.  The authors are sometimes curiously diffident about advising the use of radiation, as for furuncles and carbuncles. Equally curious timidity is sometimes manifested when a forthright warning against the use
BARBITAL (VERONAL) POISONING
Authors: WILLIAM H. LEAKE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The use of barbital (veronal), or diethylbarbituric acid, as a hypnotic has constantly increased since its discovery in 1903. It is an effective drug with a considerable margin of safety, may be obtained in most localities without a physician's prescription, and the possibility of its producing a habit is not generally appreciated. These reasons have been partly responsible for its popularity with both the laity and the profession. Medical literature, however, particularly in Germany and England, contains many reports of severe poisoning and fatal results from its use in excessive doses or in long continued administration. Its action is quite rapid, ordinarily producing sleep in from one-half to one hour, and in moderate doses is seldom followed by distressing after-effects. From 70 to 90 per cent, of the ingested drug is eventually eliminated in the urine; but its excretion is slow and is often extended over a period of from
Oversupply of Medical Graduates.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Burlington, Iowa, July 29, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial on the subject of "Oversupply of Medical Graduates" (The Journal, July 27, 1901), coming closely upon the heels of certain invitations to "kindly furnish the undersigned" (in each instance a secretary of a medical faculty) with the names of those I know who expect to study medicine, encourages me to make one reply for all such requests and thus publicly. In the first place, I will say that if I knew any who contemplated the study of medicine I would, because of the oversupply to which you have referred, use all of my powers of dissuasion. Should I succeed in this there would of course be no need to make reply. But, if I should fail to dissuade, could I honestly comply with the invitation? I take it that the average person who contemplates studying medicine has selected some established
Medical Decision Making: A Physician's Guide
Authors: Gail J. Povar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 March 2009Medical Decision Making: A Physician's GuideGail J. Povar, MD, MPHGail J. Povar, MD, MPHFrom Cameron Medical Group, Silver Spring, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-5-200903030-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Schwartz A, Bergus G. 232 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2008. $60.00. ISBN 9780521697699. Order at www.cambridge.org/us/.Field of medicine: Medical decision making.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians or medical students interested in understanding and applying psychological and probabilistic concepts pertinent to decisions made jointly by clinicians and patients.Purpose: To provide a practical, clinically pertinent guide to decision making, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to capture the interaction between patients' psychological characteristics, values, and goals and available clinical information.Content: The first 3 of the book's 5 parts describe ways to make explicit the values and psychological ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Cameron Medical Group, Silver Spring, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 March 2009Volume 150, Issue 5Page: 364KeywordsDecision analysisDecision makingDecision treesProstate cancerPublic policyQuestionnairesResearch ethicsResearch quality assessmentSoftware toolsTouch ePublished: 3 March 2009 Issue Published: 3 March 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Atrial Flutter as a Manifestation of Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: JAY D. COFFMAN, GERALD H. WHIPPLE
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Although digitalis overdosage is known to produce a variety of atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias, atrial flutter due to digitalis intoxication has been rarely reported. The present paper reviews the literature and reports what appears to be the sixteenth case. The available information on the accepted cases of atrial flutter due to digitalis toxicity has been analyzed for clues as to when digitalis can be considered the cause of the flutter.
Ampicillin and mononucleosis.
Authors: S A Haider
Journal: BMJ (1971)

used the discovery of staphylococcuskilling products of a fungus to make penicillin which saved millions of lives.Other scientists used the principle of atomic fission to make weapons and bombs.Two of these bombs were dropped in Japan, and killed over 2 million people, and horribly crippled many more, in seconds.Some of the machines invented or made by scientists now spew out pollutants into the air and waters."This, I believe, is the greatest contribution leading scientists can make to the wel- fare of mankind-to admit failures as readily as they admit apparent successes.-Iam, etc., C. DE F. W. GOONARATNA Dundee Anorexia Nervosa SIR,-In the leading article on anorexia nervosa (23 October, p. 183) you state "Though doubts have been expressed about its status as a distinct entity, it is generally regarded as a consistent syndrome."I have been-trying without success to fathom what this means.I think I know what a con- sistent syndrome is; but I have no idea what is meant by "distinct entity," nor how one would decide whether or no "a consistent syndrome" is "a distinct entity."Could you enlighten me ?-I am, etc.,
Abnormal smears in pregnancy.
Authors: A Curtain
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Skill learning may be based on integrating and adapting movement building blocks organized in the CNS. We examined at what level integration and adaptation occur during early skill learning, the level of individual muscles, muscle synergies or combinations of synergies through time, and whether these operations are expressed through the primary motor cortex (M1). Forelimb muscle and M1 cell activity were recorded over the first day of training on a reach-to-grasp task in rodents. Independent components analysis was used to assess how well muscle activation patterns could be described as time-varying combinations of synergies. In 3 of 11 animals, prereach M1 activity predicted the activation of different combinations of independent components (ICs) to perform the task. With training, animals increasingly adopted postures and prereach patterns of M1 activity that supported activation of the more successful combination. With training, animals also adjusted the activation magnitude (6 of 11 animals) and weights (11 of 11) of specific ICs that constituted the selected combination. Weights represent how IC activation patterns were distributed to forelimb muscles; this distribution pattern was adapted with training. M1 cells (37 of 100) had task-related firing rates that were significantly correlated with IC activation patterns. Changes in M1 firing rates were associated with corresponding changes in either the activation magnitude or weights of the correlated IC. Our data suggest that early skill learning is expressed through selection and tuning of M1 firing rates, which specify time-varying patterns of synergistic muscle contractions in the limb.