tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catheter-Based Treatment of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Gus J. Vlahakes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Two reports in this issue of the Journal, by Dake et al.1 and by Nienaber et al.,2 represent the collective experience of four institutions on three continents with a new treatment for aortic dissection. These reports detail preliminary findings in 31 patients in whom this condition was treated with catheter-delivered endovascular stent–grafts. The objective of their approach, which was used to treat dissections that originated in the descending aorta, was to seal the entry tear, promote thrombosis of the false lumen, and stabilize the dissection. Both these studies, which yielded favorable early results, represent a major step forward in the . . .
861 THE IMPACT OF IL28B rs12979860 SNP AND ADVANCED LIVER FIBROSIS ON RESPONSE-GUIDED THERAPY IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS OF PARTICULAR CLINICAL INTEREST
Authors: M. Mandorfer, K. Neukam, T. Reiberger, B.A. Payer, A. Rivero, M. Puoti, D. Ernst, C. Boesecke, A. Baumgarten, J. Jaroszewicz, R. Zangerle, D. Meyer-Olson, J.K. Rockstroh, P. Ferenci, A. Rieger, J.A. Pineda, M. Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Norepinephrine Transporter in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Investigated With Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Thomas Vanicek, Marie Spies, Christina Rami-Mark, Markus Savli, Anna Höflich, Georg S. Kranz, Andreas Hahn, Alexandra Kutzelnigg, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Markus Mitterhauser, Wolfgang Wadsak, Marcus Hacker, Nora D. Volkow, Siegfried Kasper, Rupert Lanzenberger
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research has long focused on the dopaminergic system's contribution to pathogenesis, although the results have been inconclusive. However, a case has been made for the involvement of the noradrenergic system, which modulates cognitive processes, such as arousal, working memory, and response inhibition, all of which are typically affected in ADHD. Furthermore, the norepinephrine transporter (NET) is an important target for frequently prescribed medication in ADHD. Therefore, the NET is suggested to play a critical role in ADHD.To explore the differences in NET nondisplaceable binding potential (NET BPND) using positron emission tomography and the highly selective radioligand (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 [(S,S)-2-(α-(2-[18F]fluoro[2H2]methoxyphenoxy)benzyl)morpholine] between adults with ADHD and healthy volunteers serving as controls.Twenty-two medication-free patients with ADHD (mean [SD] age, 30.7 [10.4] years; 15 [68%] men) without psychiatric comorbidities and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (30.9 [10.6] years; 15 [68%] men) underwent positron emission tomography once. A linear mixed model was used to compare NET BPND between groups.The NET BPND in selected regions of interest relevant for ADHD, including the hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain with pons (comprising a region of interest that includes the locus coeruleus), and cerebellum. In addition, the NET BPND was evaluated in thalamic subnuclei (13 atlas-based regions of interest).We found no significant differences in NET availability or regional distribution between patients with ADHD and healthy controls in all investigated brain regions (F1,41<0.01; P=.96). Furthermore, we identified no significant association between ADHD symptom severity and regional NET availability. Neither sex nor smoking status influenced NET availability. We determined a significant negative correlation between age and NET availability in the thalamus (R2=0.29; P<.01 corrected) and midbrain with pons, including the locus coeruleus (R2=0.18; P<.01 corrected), which corroborates prior findings of a decrease in NET availability with aging in the human brain.Our results do not indicate involvement of changes in brain NET availability or distribution in the pathogenesis of ADHD. However, the noradrenergic transmitter system may be affected on a different level, such as in cortical regions, which cannot be reliably quantified with this positron emission tomography ligand. Alternatively, different key proteins of noradrenergic neurotransmission might be affected.
Underdosing of antiretrovirals in UK and Irish children with HIV as an example of problems in prescribing medicines to children, 1997-2005: cohort study
Authors: Esse N Menson, A Sarah Walker, Mike Sharland, Carole Wells, Gareth Tudor-Williams, F Andrew I Riordan, E G Hermione Lyall, Diana M Gibb
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To measure the extent of underdosing of antiretroviral drugs in children. <b>Design</b> Multicentre cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Clinical centres in hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland in the collaborative HIV paediatric study (CHIPS). <b>Participants</b> 615 HIV infected children aged 2-12 years receiving antiretrovirals. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Doses relative to weight and height compared with current recommended doses in 2004 European guidelines. <b>Results</b> The CHIPS cohort of 934 children comprises 80% of diagnosed HIV infected children in the UK and Ireland between January 1997 and March 2005, of which 66% (615) aged 2-12 years were prescribed antiretrovirals. Actual doses standardised to weight or surface area varied widely across individual drugs, antiretroviral class, and calendar time, with children underdosed (prescribed less than 90% of current recommended doses) from 6-62% child time at risk. Three serious issues in prescribing antiretrovirals, which may also be relevant to paediatric prescribing in general, were identified. Firstly, dosing was inadequate before incorrect recommendations at licensing were later revised when important pharmacokinetic results emerged. Secondly, guidelines stating dosage alternatives (by weight/surface area) for the same drug led to different and inconsistent doses. And, thirdly, ongoing growth was not adjusted for. <b>Conclusions</b> Largely inadvertently, HIV infected children in the United Kingdom and Ireland have been underdosed with antiretrovirals, highlighting problems applicable throughout paediatric prescribing.
Normal β-Cell Function in Post-Liver Transplantation Diabetes Treated With Tacrolimus
Authors: Nicolina Di Cosmo, Pietro Vajro, Dominique Debray, Giuliana Valerio, Michela Giugliano, Pietro Buono, Adriana Franzese
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Use of immunosuppressive agents is mandatory after organ transplantations but may be complicated by the development of hyperglycemia or diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes after liver transplantation in adulthood ranges from 13.6 to 33% (1,2) with a progressive increase in risk that parallels the time after transplant (3). Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, is a recent immunosuppressive agent largely used to prevent and treat transplant rejections often following other immunosuppressive failures (4–5). The incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in tacrolimus-treated patients was significantly higher than in those treated with …
Endo-Epicardial Homogenization of the Scar Versus Limited Substrate Ablation for the Treatment of Electrical Storms in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, Pasquale Santangeli, David J. Burkhardt, Rong Bai, Prasant Mohanty, Corrado Carbucicchio, Antonio Dello Russo, Michela Casella, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Agnes Pump, Richard Hongo, Salwa Beheiry, Gemma Pelargonio, Pietro Santarelli, Martina Zucchetti, Rodney Horton, Javier E. Sanchez, Claude S. Elayi, Dhanunjay Lakkireddy, Claudio Tondo, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Telling patients they have Alzheimer's disease
Authors: B. S Meyers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Last year Conor et al reported that 83% of family members accompanying patients with Alzheimer's disease to a memory clinic did not want the patients informed of the diagnosis, despite 71% of relatives stating that they would want to be told themselves.1 This finding has stimulated controversy on how doctors should manage this diagnostic information.

In a letter in this week's BMJ , Barnes reports that 57% of first degree relatives in his smaller sample wished their relatives to be informed (p 375).2 Another letter, from Rice et al (p 376), reports a relation between severity of dementia and the self reported behaviour of consultants in the psychiatry of old age: over 80% of psychiatrists responding to a questionnaire stated that they rarely informed severely demented patients. In contrast, they reported nearly always sharing diagnostic information with patients with mild dementia.3 4 Another 40% reported sometimes telling their mildly affected patients. Not surprisingly, practice regarding informing “carers” differed in the opposite direction, with the relatives of more severely affected patients being more …
Preferential response of cancer cells to zebularine
Authors: Jonathan C. Cheng, Christine B. Yoo, Daniel J. Weisenberger, Jody Chuang, Chandra Wozniak, Gangning Liang, Victor E. Marquez, Sheldon Greer, Torben F. Orntoft, Thomas Thykjaer, Peter A. Jones
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Epidermal growth factor receptors in the oesophagus.
Authors: J Jankowski, S Murphy, G Coghill, A Grant, K G Wormsley, D S Sanders, M Kerr, D Hopwood
Journal: Gut (1992)

The quantity and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) in oesophageal mucosa was studied in the oesophagus in order to determine its role in oesophageal disease. Fifty five biopsies were taken from different levels of the oesophagus in 25 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy. Another group of eight patients with histologically proven Barrett9s oesophagitis had a biopsy taken from the area of columnar lined oesophagus. A peripheral, membranous pattern was seen predominantly confined to the basal and immediately suprabasal cells in all of the first group of patients. In the superficial cells a few granular cytoplasmic structures were positive. All patients with Barrett9s oesophagitis showed EGF-R staining of the surface epithelium. A computerised planimeter was used to determine the proportion of stained areas of squamous cells which were expressed as a percentage of the total area of squamous cells. The difference in the area of cells stained for EGF-R between normal and inflamed oesophageal mucosa (29.5% and 43.1% respectively) was significant (p less than 0.001).
Phase II Study of Ifosfamide-Etoposide-Mesna in Adults With Advanced Nonosseous Sarcomas
Authors: J. H. Edmonson, J. C. Buckner, H. J. Long, C. L. Loprinzi, D. J. Schaid
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Between April 1987 and July 1988, 44 adults with histologically proven, objectively assessable advanced nonosseous sarcomas were treated with 2.5 g of ifosfamide/m2,100 mg of etoposide/m2, and 2.5 g of mesna/m2 (500 mg/m2 × 5) daily for 3 consecutive days every 4 weeks. This regimen was generally well tolerated as outpatient treatment. Because of the potential CNS effects of ifosfamide, we recommend that elderly patients, persons receiving high doses of opiates, and patients susceptible to the syndrome of vertigo, perspiration, and hypotension (without tachycardia) be hospitalized for treatment At initial treatment, leukocyte count nadirs were <1,000/µL and platelet count nadirs were /100,000/µL in 38% and 15%, respectively, of the 39 patients for whom such data were available. Objective tumor regression occurred in ≈16% (95% confidence interval, 7%–30%) of the 44 patients (six, partial responses; one, complete response). For the 44 patients, median time to disease progression was 2.3 months; median time to death was 9.4 months. While this regimen was effective in three of 20 patients who had been previously treated with a doxorubicin-based regimen, only one of the 12 patients whose tumors had been primarily refractory to the doxorubicin-based regimen experienced objective tumor regression on our ifosfamide-based regimen. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:863–866, 1989]
Surgical management of the Budd-Chiari syndrome: No place for a procrustean bed Bismuth H, Sherlock DJ. Protasystemic shunting versus liver transplantation for the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Surg 1991;214:581–589
Authors: Alan Norman Langnas, Michael Floyd Sorrell, Jeremiah P. Donovan, Byers W. Shaw
Journal: Hepatology (1992)
Modulation of Ca2+ release in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Insight from subcellular release patterns revealed by confocal microscopy.
Authors: P Lipp, E Niggli
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

It is well established that in heart muscle the influx of Ca2+ through Ca2+ channels during the action potential is the main trigger for Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but intact cardiac tissue and single myocytes are also known to exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ release from the SR under a variety of circumstances. Although conditions favoring spontaneous activity have been examined extensively, mechanisms modulating or regulating spontaneous as well as triggered Ca2+ release are still largely unknown. Using the high spatial and temporal resolution of laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we investigated subcellular aspects of spontaneous and triggered Ca2+ release in isolated rat neonatal myocytes loaded with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fluo 3. Three distinct patterns of spontaneous Ca2+ release were identified: (1) a homogeneous Ca2+ release, presumably corresponding to Ca2+ release during a spontaneous action potential, (2) a focal or spatially restricted Ca2+ release with no or only limited subcellular propagation, and (3) a Ca2+ release propagating as a wave throughout the entire cell. Pharmacologic tools that interfere with the SR revealed that all release types were critically dependent on the Ca2+ release and uptake function of the SR. From our results we conclude that the probability, extent, and pattern of Ca2+ release are modulated on the subcellular level. The observed spectrum of release patterns can be explained by a space- and time-dependent variability in the positive feedback of the Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-release mechanism within an individual myocyte. Presumably, this variability depends on the existence of subcellular functional elements of the SR. The actual degree of positive feedback may be modulated locally by the Ca(2+)-loading state of each SR element.
Issues and current applications of interspecies extrapolation of carcinogenic potency as a component of risk assessment.
Authors: W J Visek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO) of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) is conducting this symposium under contract with the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has requested information on the strengths and weaknesses of current interspecies extrapolation methods using metabolic and pharmacokinetic data, identity of data for these methods, bases for choice of extrapolation method and selection of data base, validity and uniformity of interspecies extrapolation from target organ data, and nature and completeness of supporting data. Definitions and basic concepts of dose scaling are addressed and questions regarding appropriate units of measurement (e.g., mg/kg body weight, mg/m3 respired air, mg/m2 surface area) are raised. The use of DNA damage as a marker or end point upon which to scale carcinogenic potency is considered. Genotoxic mechanisms of carcinogenesis are emphasized because the roles of DNA adducts and DNA repair processes in initiation and promotion are much better defined than the mechanism for nongenotoxic carcinogenesis. The problems encountered in evaluating the human carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene are reviewed. The broad objectives of the symposium are discussed and the development of a structured format for the presentation of invited papers is presented.
ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS, INTRAUTERINE DEATH AND "LUPUS" ANTICOAGULANT: DETECTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN INTERFERING WITH PROSTACYCLIN FORMATION
Authors: LuisO. Carreras, SamuelJ. Machin, Rene Deman, Ghislain Defreyn, Jos Vermylen, Bernard Spitz, Andre Van Assche
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Treatment of wounds from animals suspected of carrying neurotropic viruses.
Authors: L Klenerman, C R Coid, F Y Aoki
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The methods used at the Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, to treat wounds potentially infected with neurotropic viruses are outlined. Emphasis is laid on first aid and on surgical attention. Patients should remain under medical supervision for at least four weeks after the injury, the need for specific post-exposure treatment depending on the nature of the exposure.
Tubuloreticular Inclusions in Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Stanley B. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Numerous tubuloreticular structures were seen on electron microscopic examination of involved and uninvolved skin of a neonate with lupus erythematosus. The patient had characteristic lupus skin lesions at birth that worsened for three months, and then gradually subsided. Their course was associated with systemic illness. Skin biopsy specimen was diagnostic. Direct immunofluorescence of the skin showed no abnormalities. Abnormal serological findings were noted in the mother, who had no overt clinical disease. The significance of these virus-like structures in lupus erythematosus is emphasized by the present case. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2743-2744, 1976)
Abstract 34: The receptor for hyaluronan acid mediator motility (RHAMM, CD168) expression in EMT-like cancer cells is a predictor of tumor progression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Valentina Mele, Viktor H. Koelzer, Bettina Huber, Manuele G. Muraro, Dennis Pfaff, Giandomenica Iezzi, Luigi M. Terracciano, Eva Karamitopoulou, Inti Zlobec, Alessandro Lugli
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background/Aim: The receptor for hyaluronan acid mediator motility (RHAMM) is a marker of tumor progression and decreased overall survival in patients with different solid tumor types. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional and clinical role of RHAMM in colorectal cancer (CRC) using in vitro and in vivo models and to validate the results on a cohort (n=200) of CRC patients with full clinico-pathological features. Material and Methods: Two established CRC cell lines HT29 and HT116 (mismatch-repair proficient and deficient) expressing RHAMM by flow-cytometry were selected for proliferation, invasion and migration assays. For the in vivo analysis tumor cells were injected in immune-deficient NOD/SCID mice. RHAMM expression was additionally analyzed by immunohistochemistry on 200 CRC whole tissue sections, with particular focus on the single, detached and aggressive EMT-like cells at the invasion front and correlated to clinicopathological data and survival. Results: In vitro, RHAMM silenced HT29 and HCT116 cell lines showed a significant decrease in invasiveness and migration compared to untreated cells. In vivo, a lower tumorigenicity of HT29 and HT116 cells silenced for RHAMM compared to untreated cells was reflected by smaller tumor volumes in the injected immune-deficient NOD/SCID mice. In the immunohistochemical analysis RHAMM expression in EMT-like cancer cells was associated with lymphatic invasion (p=0.0013), higher tumor grade (p=0.021) and worse survival (p=0.034). Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo findings as well as results on clinical patient data support the notion that over-expression of RHAMM is involved in tumor progression in CRC and highlight a promising basis for a therapeutic approach. Citation Format: Valentina Mele, Viktor H. Koelzer, Bettina Huber, Manuele G. Muraro, Dennis Pfaff, Giandomenica Iezzi, Luigi M. Terracciano, Eva Karamitopoulou, Inti Zlobec, Alessandro Lugli. The receptor for hyaluronan acid mediator motility (RHAMM, CD168) expression in EMT-like cancer cells is a predictor of tumor progression in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 34. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-34
A New Translocation Syndrome (3/B)
Authors: Stanley Walzer, Blaise Favara, Pen-ming L. Ming, Park S. Gerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A NEW familial syndrome associated with a translocation between a chromosome No. 3 and a member of the B group (No. 4–5) is described in this report. Among the many family members, 6 infants were discovered with a similar pattern of congenital anomalies. The congenitally abnormal children and numerous miscarriages were presumably associated with the unbalanced translocation state, which was transmitted by the female but not the male carrier parents. This differential transmission was similar to that described by Hamerton et al.1 for Down's syndrome (mongolism) associated with a familial 13–15/21 (D/G) translocation.Case ReportThe propositus (V-32, Fig. 1) was . . .
A Prospective Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Balwinder Singh, Michelle M. Mielke, Ajay K. Parsaik, Ruth H. Cha, Rosebud O. Roberts, Paul D. Scanlon, Yonas E. Geda, Teresa J. Christianson, V. Shane Pankratz, Ronald C. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Previous studies suggest cross-sectional associations between a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, few studies have assessed whether COPD, a potentially modifiable factor, is associated with an increased risk for MCI and whether the relation is specific to the type of MCI. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether a diagnosis of COPD and duration of COPD are associated with an increased risk for incident MCI and MCI subtypes (amnestic MCI [A-MCI] and nonamnestic MCI [NA-MCI]). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A prospective population-based cohort from the Mayo Clinic Study on Aging. We included 1425 cognitively normal individuals aged 70 to 89 years who were randomly selected from Olmsted County, Minnesota, on October 1, 2004, using the medical records linkage system. At baseline and every 15 months thereafter, participants underwent assessment with a nurse interview, neurologic examination, and neuropsychological testing. A diagnosis of COPD was confirmed via medical record review. A baseline diagnosis of COPD and duration of COPD were examined as risk factors for MCI and MCI subtypes using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusting for demographic variables and medical comorbidities, with age as the time scale. <h3>Exposure</h3> A baseline diagnosis of COPD and duration of COPD. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Incident MCI, A-MCI, and NA-MCI. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1425 participants with normal cognition at baseline, 370 developed incident MCI. The median duration of follow-up was 5.1 years (interquartile range, 3.8-5.4 years). A diagnosis of COPD significantly increased the risk for NA-MCI by 83% (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.04-3.23]), but not of any MCI or A-MCI in multivariate analyses. We found a dose-response relationship such that individuals with COPD duration of longer than 5 years at baseline had the greatest risk for any MCI (hazard ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.04-2.40]) and NA-MCI (2.58 [1.32-5.06]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A diagnosis of COPD is associated with an increased risk for MCI, particularly NA-MCI. We have found a dose-response relationship between COPD duration and risk for MCI. These findings highlight the importance of COPD as a risk factor for MCI and may provide a substrate for early intervention to prevent or delay the onset and progression of MCI, particularly NA-MCI.