tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A PROPOSED TREATMENT FOR CONSUMPTIVES.
Authors: H. T. TILLOTSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Since Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus, and its manner of communicability, there has resulted in the medical profession, and latterly in the laity, efforts for public defense against infection. The means primarily adopted by the profession, were for the relief of the individual, as cod liver oil, hypophosphites, creosote, sulphureted hydrogen, Koch's tuberculin, and many others, all of which have been demonstrated practical failures in the treatment of pulmonary consumption. These failures have caused the laity, as city and State governments, to contemplate isolation. Modern isolation is again developing the hospital character, with a pesthouse tendency. Compulsory isolation creates a true pesthouse, to prove as unsatisfactory as prior examples, in dealing with this disease. So-called isolation is a misnomer. A befitting appelation is aggregation, and will be so used in speaking of institutions for consumptives. Voluntary isolation or aggregation is public or private. The public institutions are patronized by
"Starch Sugar as a Food Adulterant."
Authors: T. B. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Chicago, Feb. 19, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 26, appeared an article by Prof. Henry Leffmann, entitled "Starch Sugar (Glucose and Grape Sugar) as a Food Adulterant." The statements contained therein are in many instances misleading and so out of accord with the facts as to call for a correction of at least the principal features. Sulphuric acid is not employed in the manufacture of American glucose and grape sugar. It is surprising that Professor Leffmann is not better informed on this point, particularly as information can easily be obtained. This misstatement affords him the means of casting reflection on the wholesomeness of starch sugar and glucose, and makes it possible for him to cite the case of an extensive poisoning in England a few years ago by arsenical glucose, where the contamination by arsenic was due solely to the sulphuric acid employed in converting the starch
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Is Associated With Worse Arterial and Saphenous Vein Graft Patency and Less Effective Revascularization
Authors: Brack Hattler, John C. Messenger, A. Laurie Shroyer, Joseph F. Collins, Scott J. Haugen, Joel A. Garcia, Janet H. Baltz, Joseph C. Cleveland, Dimitri Novitzky, Frederick L. Grover
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The Department of Veterans Affairs Randomized On/Off Bypass (ROOBY) trial compared clinical and angiographic outcomes in off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery to ascertain the relative efficacy of the 2 techniques. Methods and Results— From February 2002 to May 2007, the ROOBY trial randomized 2203 patients to off-pump versus on-pump CABG. Follow-up angiography was obtained in 685 off-pump (62%) and 685 on-pump (62%) patients. Angiograms were analyzed (blinded to treatment) for FitzGibbon classification (A=widely patent, B=flow limited, O=occluded) and effective revascularization. Effective revascularization was defined as follows: All 3 major coronary territories with significant disease were revascularized by a FitzGibbon A-quality graft to the major diseased artery, and there were no new postanastomotic lesions. Off-pump CABG resulted in lower FitzGibbon A patency rates than on-pump CABG for arterial conduits (85.8% versus 91.4%; P =0.003) and saphenous vein grafts (72.7% versus 80.4%; P &lt;0.001). Fewer off-pump patients were effectively revascularized (50.1% versus 63.9% on-pump; P &lt;0.001). Within each major coronary territory, effective revascularization was worse off pump than on pump (all P ≤0.001). The 1-year adverse cardiac event rate was 16.4% in patients with ineffective revascularization versus 5.9% in patients with effective revascularization ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Off-pump CABG resulted in significantly lower FitzGibbon A patency for arterial and saphenous vein graft conduits and less effective revascularization than on-pump CABG. At 1 year, patients with less effective revascularization had higher adverse event rates. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00032630.
UK peers warn of "genuine threat to academic medicine"
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A House of Lords committee has warned that there is a “genuine threat to academic medicine in the United Kingdom and therefore to health care as a whole.”

In a report published last week the science and technology select committee says that unless the recommendations in the Richards report on clinical academic careers are implemented the position will get worse. Many of the actions proposed, …
The Changing Structure of Medical Group Practice in the United States, 1969 to 1980
Authors: Larry J. Freshnock
Journal: JAMA (1981)

During the 20th century, the organizational structure of physicians' practice in the United States has undergone major transformation. Prior to World War II, physicians were predominantly solo practitioners. Many who were located in rural areas had little or no professional contact with colleagues. Since 1950, however, group practice has emerged as a major form of physician organization and has in recent years shown increasingly rapid growth. Interest in group practice has also been heightened by its relationship to many new forms of prepaid care delivery, including several types of health maintenance organizations. In addition, research on such topics as physician productivity and health care cost containment has examined closely the effects of group practice formation. For these reasons, it is important to monitor the growth and development of group practice as both a cause and effect of changes in the market for physician services. In discussing the evolution of medical
Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Toshimi Kaido, Masayuki Imamura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Kyoto University School of Medicine Kyoto 606-8507, Japan 46-year-old woman had a one-year history of abdominal distention. Physical examination showed an upper-abdominal mass extending from the right hypochondrium to 10 cm below the umbilicus. Laboratory studies disclosed thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 127,000 per cubic millimeter), prolongation of the prothrombin time (to 14.6 seconds), and a decrease in the fibrinogen level (to 80 mg per deciliter). The peripheral-blood smear showed anisocytosis. A computed tomographic scan showed a large, low-density mass in the right lobe of the liver (arrowhead), with prominent compression of the inferior vena cava (arrow). The patient underwent a right hepatic lobectomy. The mass was a cavernous hemangioma measuring 35 by 30 by 8 cm and weighing 4900 g. Three years after surgery, the patient was doing well and had not had a recurrence. Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign hepatic tumor. It typically occurs in women. Lesions measuring more than 4 cm in diameter are known as “giant hemangiomas” and often cause symptoms such as vague abdominal distention and pain. The constellation of giant hemangioma, thrombocytopenia, and localized consumption coagulopathy is known as the Kasabach–Merritt syndrome.
High Anti–Desmoglein 3 Antibody ELISA Index and Negative Indirect Immunofluorescence Result in a Patient With Pemphigus Vulgaris in Remission
Authors: Tomoko Nakahara, Atsushi Takagi, Jun Yamagami, Koji Kamiya, Yumi Aoyama, Keiji Iwatsuki, Shigaku Ikeda
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

IMPORTANCE Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a disease that features blistering of the skin and mucous membranes caused by autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and/or desmoglein 1(Dsg1). Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are 2 methods that are widely used to measure Dsg3 orDsg1 antibody titers in PV. Although the titers of these autoantibodies are generally correlated with disease activity, some patients with a high ELISA index do not have severe symptoms.We encountered a patient with PV in remission,who had a high anti-Dsg3 antibody ELISA index while the IIF result was negative.OBSERVATIONS The anti-Dsg3 antibodies of our patient mainly recognized Ca2+-dependent conformational epitopes and targeted mature Dsg3 protein.We report this case focusing on the discrepancy between ELISA and IIF findings, as well as on the specific characteristics of the patient's autoantibodies evaluated by newly developed methods.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This case emphasizes that a discrepancy between disease activity, the ELISA index for Dsg3, and/or IIF findings can occur in PV. Further research on similar patients will be required to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms in patients with PV who have nonpathogenic antibodies and show a discrepancy between ELISA and IIF.
Early Clinical Signs Identify Low-Risk Patients With Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Donald R. Bordley, Alvin I. Mushlin, James G. Dolan, W. Scott Richardson, Michael Barry, John Polio, Paul F. Griner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Early identification of patients at low risk for poor outcome after acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage would allow reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. We identified six early predictors of good outcome: age less than 75 years, no unstable comorbid illness, no ascites found on physical examination, normal prothrombin time, and, within an hour after presentation, systolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or greater and nasogastric aspirate free of fresh blood. Presence of all six predictors defined the low-risk population. Among 162 patients in the development and retrospective validation phases of our study, all 74 low-risk patients had good outcomes. A prospective validation study of 111 patients further established the accuracy of our predictive method; only two of 52 low-risk patients had poor outcomes. Application of our method should allow more selective management of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Seth S. Leopold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 65-year-old woman with osteoarthritis of the right knee seeks advice regarding minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. Joint-replacement surgery is appropriate for patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms and functional limitation despite conservative therapy. The minimally invasive technique reduces postoperative pain and accelerates recovery but requires a surgeon with specific expertise and experience.
The Prevalence of Serum Antibody to Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi Sarcoma—Associated Herpesvirus) Among HIV-Seropositive and High-Risk HIV-Seronegative Women
Authors: Dean H. Kedes
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seropositivity among women who are known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or who are at high risk for HIV infection.A cross-sectional and blinded study of the prevalence of serological reactivity to HHV-8 infection as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using nuclei from cells latently infected with HHV-8. Data and specimens were collected at baseline assessments of a longitudinal natural history cohort study.Four San Francisco Bay Area outpatient HIV specialty clinics participating in the cohort study.A total of 387 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study whose HIV infection status was documented and serum was available in a local specimen repository.Serological reactivity to HHV-8.Serological reactivity to latent HHV-8 antigens was uncommon among study participants: 13 (3.4%) demonstrated serum antibodies. HHV-8 reactivity was more common among HIV-infected women; 12 (4.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1%-6.9%) of the 302 HIV-infected participants vs 1 (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.03%-6.4%) of the 84 HIV-uninfected participants were seropositive for HHV-8, though the difference did not attain statistical significance (odds ratio=3.43; 95% CI, 0.49-148.6). Two of the HIV-infected women had Kaposi sarcoma lesions and both were seropositive.The prevalence of HHV-8 seropositivity among the group of HIV-infected women was dramatically lower than that recently reported among HIV-infected homosexual and bisexual men (30%-35%). This finding parallels the lower prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma among women in contrast to men with HIV infection. These data further extend the correlation of HHV-8 serological reactivity with risk of Kaposi sarcoma and are consistent with an important role for HHV-8 infection in development of Kaposi sarcoma.
Expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on human hepatocytes
Authors: Alessandra Franco, Vincenzo Barnaba, Piergiorgio Natali, Clara Balsano, Antonino Musca, Francesco Balsano
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

We analyzed whether normal human hepatocytes, which normally do not display Class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, can be induced to express them in vitro , and whether this induction has an in vivo counterpart in chronic liver diseases. While both α- and γ-interferon induced expression of Class I antigens, only γ-interferon induced expression of Class II antigens on hepatocytes in vitro . Recombinant interleukin 2 had no effect on major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. Both Class I and Class II antigens could be detected by indirect immunofluorescence on hepatocytes from patients with various forms of chronic liver disease, regardless of etiology. These findings suggest that γ-interferon produced by T lymphocytes that infiltrate the liver during the course of chronic hepatitis induces Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression and may endow the hepatocytes with the capacity to perform accessory (antigen-presenting) cell functions.
Measuring the Quality of Trials
Authors: Jesse A. Berlin, Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Developmental pathways in food allergy: a new theoretical framework
Authors: A. DunnGalvin, A. Gaffney, J. O’B. Hourihane
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To date, there is no model of psychosocial development based on empirical food allergy (FA) research. This limits the ability of clinicians, researchers and policy-makers to predict and evaluate the real impact of FA on the child, with implications for prevention, treatment, intervention and health policy.To provide an integrated conceptual framework to explain the onset, development and maintenance of FA-related cognitions, emotions and behaviour, with particular attention to transition points.Fifteen focus groups meetings were held with 62 children (6-15 years). Developmentally appropriate techniques were designed to stimulate discussion, maintain interest and minimize threat to children's self-esteem. Data were analysed using grounded theory.FA impacts directly on children's normal trajectory of psychological development in both an age- and disease-specific manner. Six key themes emerged from the analysis: 'meanings of food'; 'autonomy, control and self-efficacy'; 'peer relationships'; 'risk and safety'; 'self/identity'; and 'coping strategies'.Coping with FA is more than simply a strategy, it is a cumulative history of interactive processes (age, gender and disease specific) that are embedded in a child's developmental organization.The early recognition and incorporation of an FA-specific developmental framework into a treatment plan is essential and sets the stage for an effective medical care and the eventual transition from paediatric to adult care.This study represents a first attempt to provide an integrated developmental framework to explain the onset, development and maintenance of FA-related cognitions, emotions and behaviour.
Can 18F-FDG PET/CT Reliably Assess Response to Primary Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer?
Authors: Fahim Ul-Hassan, Ricard Simo, Teresa Guerrero-Urbano, Richard Oakley, Jean-Pierre Jeannon, Gary J.R. Cook
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Where chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone with curative intent is used as the primary treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers, salvage surgery may offer a second chance of cure in the face of recurrent or residual disease. Early detection of recurrent or residual disease is therefore the key to facilitating timely and efficacious salvage surgery. CT and MRI can be difficult to interpret in the posttreatment neck. Functional imaging, such as F-FDG PET/CT, has the potential to improve restaging accuracy. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of F-FDG PET/CT performed 3 months following primary treatment of head and neck cancer.We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (mean age, 61 years; 28 male patients) who underwent F-FDG PET/CT imaging at 3 months following primary treatment, which included chemoradiotherapy (n = 31) or radiotherapy alone (n = 4). Patient follow-up was available for at least 12 months (range, 12-48 months; median, 36 months). Scans were categorized as true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative based on clinicoradiological follow-up and histology.Twenty patients had negative scans with no recurrence during the follow-up period, and 3 had false-negative scans with recurrent disease at 5, 8, and 12 months. Eleven patients had true-positive scans, confirmed histologically in all, and there was 1 false-positive scan giving a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive value of 92%, negative predictive value of 87%, and overall accuracy of 89%.F-FDG PET/CT is an accurate method for assessing response after primary locally advanced head and neck cancer treatment. Although false-positive scans are rare, a few patients will have a relapse after a negative scan, and so continued close follow-up is required.
Splenic Embolization in Hypersplenic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: BAHU S. SHAIKH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters1 April 1977Splenic Embolization in Hypersplenic ThrombocytopeniaBAHU S. SHAIKH, M.D., GARY G. NICHOLAS, M.D., F.A.C.S., FRANKLIN J. MILLER, M.D.BAHU S. SHAIKH, M.D., GARY G. NICHOLAS, M.D., F.A.C.S., FRANKLIN J. MILLER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-445 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDearterialization of the spleen for hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension was first undertaken in 1918 by Blain (1), who reported on a patient in whom splenic arterial ligation was done for Banti's syndrome. Chung and Reuter (2) embolized the splenic artery in dogs and found the spleen to be shrunken and fibrosed at 8 weeks. Maddison (3) reported a successful medical splenectomy in a patient who underwent selective splenic arterial embolization.The following report illustrates the course of a patient in whom correction of hypersplenic thrombocytopenia was accomplished by splenic embolization.A 54-year-old woman was referred to the hospital because...References1. BLAIN A: Ligation of the splenic artery for Banti's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 26:660-662, 1918 Google Scholar2. CHUANGREUTER VS: Experimental diminution of splenic function by selective embolization of the splenic artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:715-720, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. MADDISON F: Embolic therapy of hypersplenism. Invest Radiol 8:280-281, 1973 CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. SELDINGER S: Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography. A new technique. Acta Radiol (Stockh) 39:368-376, 1953 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. OSTERMANBELLMONTALI FWR: Natural history of autologous blood clot embolization in swine. 23rd Annual Meeting, Association of University Radiologists, San Diego, California, April-May, 1975 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BAHU S. SHAIKH, M.D.; GARY G. NICHOLAS, M.D., F.A.C.S.; FRANKLIN J. MILLER, M.D.Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Radiology The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA 17033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRepublished: Partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with lithium therapy 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 445-446KeywordsArteriesLigation assayPortal hypertensionSpleenSplenectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
758–6 Does Moderate to High Intensity Exercise Affect Left Ventricular Remodeling In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients After Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Lauralyn B. Cannistra, Ravin Davidoff, Michael H. Picard, Carol J. O’Malley, Anne Dempsey, Gary J. Balady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)