tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic sodium depletion on function of isolated normal and hypertensive hypertrophied rat heart
Authors: K. HORI, I. MIRSKY, F. M FOUAD-TARAZI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Since in vivo ejection fraction is said to be reduced in chronically sodium depleted dogs, this study was conducted to investigate the direct effects of sodium deprivation on intrinsic ventricular contractility, independent of haemodynamic or adrenergic influences. Since low sodium diet and/or diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, we included a hypertensive group in the study. Normotensive male Sprague-Dawley rats and age matched renovascular hypertensive rats were subdivided into three groups. The first group was fed regular sodium diet (RS) for 6 weeks. The second (LS) and third (LSD) groups received low sodium diet for 6 weeks, and the LSD group also received diuretic (frusemide) treatment to achieve marked sodium depletion (last dose given 2 weeks before the cardiac study). Left ventricular (LV) contractility was investigated in the isolated isovolumetric rat heart (Langendorff preparation) paced at 180 beats·min−1.
Development of molecular hybridization technology to evaluate albumin and procollagen mrna content in baboons and man
Authors: Francis R. Weiner, Mark J. Czaja, Marie-Adele Giambrone, Catherine H. Wu, George Y. Wu, Mark A. Zern
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

We have developed the methodology for evaluating the effects of pathophysiological conditions on the molecular mechanisms of hepatic protein synthesis and fibrogenesis in baboons and man. Total RNA was extracted from percutaneous liver biopsies of five baboons who were chronically fed an ethanol-rich liquid diet, their pair-fed controls and from humans with a variety of liver abnormalities. Chronic alcohol administration in baboons with liver fibrosis and normal serum albumin levels increased in vitro protein synthesis as measured by [ 35 S ]methionine incorporation, albumin mRNA content and Type I procollagen mRNA content. There was no difference in the β-actin (a constitutive protein) mRNA content. In humans, serum albumin levels correlated with albumin mRNA content as indicated by the intensity of dot blot hybridization and Type I procollagen mRNA levels correlated with the activity of liver fibrosis. The use of RNA-DNA hybridization to investigate procollagen mRNA from human biopsies appears to be a valuable tool for evaluating the potential for collagen synthesis and the future course of liver disease. Besides the use of RNA-DNA hybridization, we describe other methodologies which are useful in delineating the levels of gene expression responsible for hepatic mRNA regulation in normal liver and disease states in man. The use of molecular techniques to evaluate human liver disease provides an opportunity to develop clinically relevant information while at the same time offering the additional advantage of providing fundamental knowledge about fibrogenesis.
Tetanus Toxoid Boosters
Authors: Robert J. Rothstein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to respond to the question regarding the Arthus phenomenon following immunization with diphtheria-pertussin-tetanus (DPT) in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (238:2307, 1977). As noted by Zack Haddad, MD, the incidence of the Arthus-type response diminished when the interval between tetanus toxoid boosters increased. I think there should be elaboration on this. According to Goldsmith et al,<sup>1</sup>the minimum protective level of serum antitoxin is 0.01 units/ml. This is readily achieved by recommended immunization procedures, and, in fact, an appropriate recall response is made by adequately immunized patients in 24 hours or less following a tetanus toxoid booster given even several years after the previous booster.<sup>2</sup> Edsall et al (202:111-113, 1967), however, have shown that the antibody levels in many children referred for routine or emergency tetanus toxoid booster already were 40 to 2,500 times the minimum protective level. The incidence of reactions,
What We Fail to See
Authors: Andrew D. Firlik
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of myocardial blood flow during dobutamine-atropine infusion with that after dipyridamole administration in normal men
Authors: Eiji Tadamura, Hidehiro Iida, Keiichi Matsumoto, Marcelo Mamede, Shigeto Kubo, Hiroshi Toyoda, Toshiki Shiozaki, Takahiro Mukai, Yasuhiro Magata, Junji Konishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Contribution of Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling to the Acute Inflammatory Response to Nonviral Vectors
Authors: Hongmei Zhao, Hiraoki Hemmi, Shizuo Akira, Seng H Cheng, Ronald K Scheule, Nelson S Yew
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Immunostimulatory CpG motifs have been implicated as a major contributor to the acute inflammatory response associated with nonviral vectors, most prominently seen after systemic delivery of cationic lipid-plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes. We have shown previously that complexes containing pDNA vectors that have been largely depleted of CpG motifs have significantly reduced acute toxicity when delivered systemically. However, several CpGs remain in these vectors and the toxicity is not negligible, especially at higher doses of complex. To determine the maximal reduction in the acute toxic response that could be achieved by eliminating CpG signaling, we injected cationic lipid-pDNA complexes into transgenic mice that are deficient in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is the receptor that recognizes immunostimulatory CpG motifs. We observed significantly decreased adverse hematological changes and liver damage in TLR9(-/-) mice compared to normal mice and increased survival at higher doses of complex. However, a pronounced loss of lymphocytes and platelets was still observed in the TLR9(-/-) mice at higher doses. We also measured the toxicity in normal mice of systemically delivered complexes containing non-CpG oligonucleotides. Although serum transaminase levels were reduced, a loss of lymphocytes and platelets akin to that seen in the TLR9(-/-) mice was observed. Taken together, these findings suggest that signaling through TLR9 contributes to the majority but not all of the toxic responses associated with systemic delivery of cationic lipid-pDNA complexes.
The lipids of the erythrocyte in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Jon P. Gockerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disorder characterized by the production of abnormal erythrocytes (PNH‐E). The PNH‐E undergoes early intravascular destruction which appears to be related to an intrinsic membrane defect that results in extreme sensitivity to lysis by complement. The lipids of the PNH‐E have been evaluated because of the variable results reported in the past. This study shows a normal content of cholesterol and lipid phosphorus with a normal distribution of the phosopholipids except for a slight increase in lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) when measured using the complete lipid extract of the PNH‐E. Fractionation of the lipid extract over a silicic acid column produced an alteration in the distribution of the phospholipids, with LPC and sphingomyelin increasing, and the other phospholipds decreasing. These alterations were seen only when the phospholipids were fractioned over a silicic acid column and were clearly an in vitro phenomenon. The levels of plasmalogen and malonaldehyde were normal, unlike those seen with oxidant stress. Fatty acid analysis of the phospholipids showed small but consistent changes: increased 16:0 and decreased 18:2. The total glycosphingolipids were slightly decreased in the patients with severe PNH. The results support and extend previous lipid data indicating abnormalities in the phospholipids of the PNH‐E. The alterations of the phospholipids with fractionation correlate with previous whole cell data that suggest lipid instability in the PNH‐E.
Observational study of type of surgical training and outcome of definitive surgery for primary malignant melanoma
Authors: R. M MacKie
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The incidence of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma continues to rise, 1 coinciding with narrower excision margins of normal skin being recommended around primary melanomas. 23 The bulk of surgery for primary melanoma is now done on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia. This change has occurred at a time when training in dermatological surgery has developed, leading to a much higher proportion of excisions of primary melanoma being done by derma› tologists. In 1979 in the west of Scotland only 3% of all primary melanomas were removed by dermatologists. By 1998 this figure had risen to 40%. Plastic surgeons now excise 26% of primary melanomas compared with 65% 20 years ago, and general surgeons excise 34% compared with 32%. We aimed to establish if the change in type of sur› geon removing primary cutaneous malignant melanoma has affected the prognosis, and also whether any evidence exists for a specialist treatment effect such as has been observed for breast cancers, with better outcomes for surgeons carrying out breast cancer surgery regularly. 4
Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Bacterial Endocarditis Through Control of Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Charles H. Rammelkamp
Journal: Circulation (1957)

This article is the second revision of the American Heart Association statement on the prevention of rheumatic fever issued January 1953. This statement was prepared by the Committee on Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Bacterial Endocarditis appointed by the Council on Rheumatic Fever and Congenital Heart Disease of the American Heart Association. The committee is cognizant of the fact that no recommendations of any group can be final at this time. The present approach may not be the eventual solution of the problem of preventing rheumatic fever. Revisions and changes will be made as new knowledge may indicate.
Outrage Corner: Generalists More General; Subspecialists More Subspecial-Reply
Authors: Judith A. Sutin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As a specialist who came from a general practice background, I have the highest regard for my colleagues in general medicine. I had meant to emphasize an environment of increasing constraints and stipulations, which makes it more difficult for all physicians to meet the more intimate and frequently time-consuming needs of patients. The physician's role has been "narrowed" in that outside forces increasingly influence the services available to a patient. I did not intend to compare one group with another, to suggest that all medical practice is (or should be) narrow in scope, or condone these trends. The generalists among us are to be applauded for their expertise in integrating the varying needs of patients.
Long-term effects of physical training programme on risk factors for coronary heart disease in otherwise sedentary men.
Authors: A W Sedgwick, J R Brotherhood, A Harris-Davidson, R E Taplin, D W Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Three hundred and seventy sedentary men aged 20-65 years enrolled in a physical training programme after a medical and fitness examination that included measurements of "classical" risk factors for coronary heart disease. Five years later re-examination showed (a) that on average the subjects had not changed significantly in weight, blood pressure, serum lipid concentrations, smoking habits, and physical working capacity; (b) that men who had remained active and therefore had a higher degree of fitness did not differ in risk factors from men who had returned to sedentary habits; and (c) that men who had improved substantially in fitness did not differ in risk factors from men whose fitness had not changed or had declined. Five years after the initial programme one-third of the men were continuing with regular vigorous exercise. These results do not support the view that classical risk factors for coronary heart disease improve with increased physical activity and fitness.
Tidal volume maintenance during weaning with pressure support.
Authors: R W Stroetz, R D Hubmayr
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Ventilation was measured in 31 difficult-to-wean patients while pressure support (PS) was reduced by 5 cm H2O every 20 min. Weaning had to be aborted in 14 of 31 patients (Group F) because they met predefined distress criteria. The remaining 17 patients who were able to complete the "weaning test" (Group S) had larger static respiratory compliances (Cstat = 0.08 +/- 0.02 versus 0.05 +/- 0.01 L/cm H2O, p < or = 0.05) and a lower dead space to tidal volume ratio (0.55 +/- 0.05 versus 0.64 +/- 0.06, p < or = 0.05). Group S patients had a larger tidal volume (VT) than did those of Group F at most PS settings. The groups differed with respect to VT maintenance during PS withdrawal (p < 0.01). In Group S, VT fell exponentially with machine support and stabilized at PS levels between 5 and 10 cm H2O. In contrast, Group F patients defended VT at higher PS settings but were unable to maintain VT during distress. Ventilatory response parameters such as the rapid shallow breathing index were of limited value in predicting weaning outcome and yielded receiver operator curve area values between 0.66 and 0.82 over the range of PS settings tested. We conclude that the gradual withdrawal of machine support does not facilitate the recognition of impending respiratory failure.
Lymphopenia and interleukin-2 therapy alter homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Hua Zhang, Kevin S Chua, Martin Guimond, Veena Kapoor, Margaret V Brown, Thomas A Fleisher, Lauren M. Long, Donna Bernstein, Brenna J Hill, Daniel C Douek, Jay A Berzofsky, Charles S Carter, E J Read, Lee J Helman, Crystal L Mackall
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
The aortic closure sound in pure aortic insufficiency.
Authors: H N Sabbah, F Khaja, D T Anbe, P D Stein
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The second sound in aortic insufficiency has been described as accentuated, normal, or moderately diminished. A study of intracardiac phonocardiograms was performed to evaluate its intensity and to eliminate extracardiac factors. Pressure and intracardiac sound measurements were made in 28 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Recordings were obtained above the aortic valve and within the left ventricle in 14 patients with normal aortic valves and 11 patients with aortic insufficiency uncomplicated by aortic stenosis. The amplitude of the aortic closure sound in the patients with pure aortic insufficiency, 1000 +/- 100 dynes/cm2, was significantly lower than in those patients with normal aortic valves, 3100 +/- 200 dynes/cm2 (P less than 0.001). The results indicate, therefore, that the presence of aortic insufficiency causes a diminished amplitude of the aortic closure sound. These results are supportive of the theory that the second heart sound is caused by diastolic vibrations of the closed aortic cusps. Diminished valvular vibrations and sound would occur in pure aortic insufficiency if the valve is unable to properly tense during diastole, or if the rate of development of the driving pressure is diminished.
Proteome Analysis of the Peripheral Blood Human Eosinophil
Authors: A. Kurosky, C. Straub, K. Pazdrak, T.W. Young, S.J. Stafford, Z. Wu, J.E. Wiktorowicz, A.M. Haag, R.D. English, K.V. Soman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Haemangiosarcoma of the chest wall.
Authors: R Vaughan, H Moussalli, K V Lodge
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Haemangiosarcoma is a rare tumour of the chest wall and pleura, and few cases have been reported in the literature with any successful outcome.This paper reports a case with a successful outcome after operation. Clinical findingsA 15-year-old boy developed a sudden onset of pain in the right chest while playing rugby.There was no history of direct injury or fall, or of previous chest disease.He had never worked with PVC or vinyl chloride.1The chest wall appeared and felt normal.Percussion revealed dullness over the right chest in the mid-axillary line from the fifth to eighth ribs.Breath sounds were normal.There was no lymphadenopathy.Chest radiographs (fig 1) showed a peripheral lobulated shadow in the right mid-zone, related to the apical segment of the right lower lobe.Exploratory thoracotomy was carried out through a posterolateral incision revealing a tumour covering the third, fourth, and fifth ribs.The tumour was vascular in nature and contained clot-like material.Three specimens were sent for frozen section which were reported as fibrous tissue with chronic inflammatory cells but no neoplasia.The whole mass however appeared neoplastic and was therefore excised together with the third, fourth, and fifth ribs and their intercostal muscles over a wide area.
Serotonergic modulation of visceral sensation: upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: J Tack, G Sarnelli
Journal: Gut (2002)

Agents that modify serotonergic function have therapeutic potential for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity, either through a direct effect on perception or through modulation of visceral tone or motility. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduces oesophageal sensitivity to distension but not gastric sensitivity to distension. 5-HT ligands may also influence gastric mechanosensitivity by altering tone. Although the exact role of 5-HT receptors in the control of gastrointestinal functions remains unknown, 5-HT is generally considered to be the main candidate involved in the modulation of motor and sensory function from the gastrointestinal tract. Hence serotonergic modulation of upper gut sensitivity appears to be promising for the development of novel approaches to the treatment of functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Ban to Be Lifted on Research Use of Fetal Tissue?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A RECOMMENDATION that human fetal tissues obtained from induced abortions can be used for research has been unanimously endorsed by an advisory committee to the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), James B. Wyngaarden, MD, and forwarded to an assistant secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.  The committee also unanimously recommended lifting the present moratorium on the use of human fetal tissues in clinical research studies. Robert E. Windom, MD, assistant secretary for health, had ordered research studies using fetal tissue stopped pending a review of the issues involved (JAMA 1988;260:2012-2015, 3108-3109).  Wyngaarden transmitted the report to Windom. He had no comment on what action might then be taken.  Wyngaarden had called a panel to consider a series of questions posed by Windom regarding the ethical, scientific, and potential therapeutic benefits of the use of human fetal tissue. This group, chaired by former US Court
Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
Authors: Madeleine Duvic, Rakshandra Talpur, Xiao Ni, Chunlei Zhang, Parul Hazarika, Cecilia Kelly, Judy H. Chiao, John F. Reilly, Justin L. Ricker, Victoria M. Richon, Stanley R. Frankel
Journal: Blood (2006)
Linoleic acid and its metabolites, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids, stimulate c-Fos, c-Jun, and c-Myc mRNA expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and growth in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: G N Rao, R W Alexander, M S Runge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Previous studies from other laboratories suggest that linoleic acid and its metabolites, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids, play an important role in modulating the growth of some cells. A correlation has been demonstrated between hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids and conditions characterized by abnormal cell growth such as atherosclerosis and psoriasis. To determine if linoleic acid and its metabolites modulate cell growth in atherosclerosis, we measured DNA synthesis, protooncogene mRNA expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Linoleic acid induces DNA synthesis, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNA expression and MAPK activation in VSMC. Furthermore, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a potent inhibitor of the lipoxygenase system, significantly reduced the growth-response effects of linoleic acid in VSMC, suggesting that conversion of linoleic acid to hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids (HPODEs) is required for these effects. HPODEs also caused significant induction of DNA synthesis, protooncogene mRNA expression, and MAPK activation in growth-arrested VSMC, suggesting that linoleic acid and its metabolic products, HPODEs, are potential mitogens in VSMC, and that conditions such as oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation which provoke the production of these substances may alter VSMC growth.
GUNSHOT WOUND OF BRAIN; RECOVERY WITH BALL REMAINING THEREIN.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: J. LEE McCOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1890)

As the profession is interested in the localization of lesions of the brain, and this case being one of an unusual type, I present it for your consideration, it being an accurate record, carefully noted while in constant attention at the bedside. William C., æt. 16, right-handed, was accidentally shot September 29, 1889, at 2P. M., by a companion, who was above him on the mountain side when the gun went off. The cartridge is known as 22 short, and contains 3 grs. of powder; weight of ball, 28 grs., and conical. The ball entered a little below the internal end of the right arcus superciliaris about the attachment of the corrugator supercillii, passing through the frontal sinus downward and backward to the left, as indicated by the probe. Considerable hæmorrhage at the time he was wounded, and he kicked and threw himself about very much. Was carried home
Vaccination of Adults With Live Attenuated Mumps Virus Vaccine
Authors: Wallace L. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A controlled study with live attenuated mumps virus vaccine, B level Jeryl Lynn strain, was conducted on adults without a history of mumps. Altogether, 95 men and women were vaccinated and sera were obtained prior to and 28 days following vaccination for the purpose of measuring initial serologic status for mumps and for ascertaining antibody responses. Only 20 (21%) of the adults who were vaccinated were initially without antibody to mumps. In 19 of these seronegative persons antibody developed following vaccination, giving a neutralizing antibody seroconversion rate of 95%. None of the persons given the vaccine had fever or other untoward clinical reaction referable to the vaccine. It was concluded that the vaccine is safe and efficacious.