tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients say the NHS is ageist
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is pathologically-defined by the cytoplasmic accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) within neuronal cells in the brain. aSyn is predominately pre-synaptic, but has been reported present in various subcellular compartments in cell and animal models. In particular, nuclear aSyn (aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup>) is evident <i>in-vitro</i> and in disease models and has been associated with altered DNA integrity, gene transcription, nuclear homeostasis. However, owing to various factors, the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in the human brain remains controversial, as does its role in synucleinopathies. <h3>Methods</h3> Here, we close this gap and provide a unique demonstration confirming the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in control (Con) and in DLB post-mortem brain tissue via immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and label-free mass-spectrometry (MS). <h3>Results</h3> Discrete intra-nuclear aSyn puncta reactive against phosphorylated serine 129-aSyn (pS129-aSyn) and pan-aSyn antibodies were observed in cortical neurons and non-neuronal cells in fixed brain sections and isolated nuclear preparations from Con and DLB cases. Subsequent biochemical analysis of subcellular fractionated tissue confirmed aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> as present at levels ~10-fold lower than in the cytoplasm. Critically, however, an increase in monomeric pS129-aSyn was observed in DLB cases alongside higher molecular weight pan- and pS129-reactive aSyn species, consistent with the formation of intranuclear phosphorylated aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> oligomers. Furthermore, the occurrence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> was confirmed via MS, with 6 unique aSyn derived peptide sequences identified in nuclear fractions (71.4% aSyn sequence coverage). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Collectively, our data confirm the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in human brain tissue and describe DLB-associated nuclear pathology. These findings address a major controversy in the synucleinopathy field by confirming the presence of aSyn<sup>Nuc</sup> in autoptic human brain tissue and, for the first time, identify that aSyn is aggregated into novel and potentially pathological assemblies in the nucleus as part of the DLB disease process and thus may contribute to the DLB phenotype.
Plasma growth hormone and digital clubbing in carcinoma of the bronchus.
Authors: M A Gosney, J R Gosney, M Lye
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Growth hormone is a secretory product of some primary bronchial neoplasms and has been associated with the development of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and acromegaly in occasional patients with such tumours; it has not, however, generally been considered important in the pathogenesis of digital clubbing. Plasma levels of growth hormone at the time of diagnostic bronchoscopy were measured in 60 patients with histologically proved bronchial carcinoma, divided according to whether clubbing was present (n = 21) or absent (n = 39), and in 13 control subjects undergoing the same procedure but with no neoplasm. The median plasma level of growth hormone ( and interquartile range) was 0.74 (0.5-1.0) mU/l in five control subjects with no pulmonary disease, 0.83 (0.4-1.3) mU/l in eight subjects with non-neoplastic pulmonary disease, 1.1 (0.6-3.3) mU/l in patients with carcinoma but without clubbing, and 3.1 (0.8-9.0) mU/l in 21 patients with carcinoma and clubbing. The highest growth hormone level was seen in a patient with a small cell carcinoma and pronounced clubbing; levels had fallen to normal by the time chemotherapy was completed and clubbing completely resolved. Thus growth hormone or a similar substance might have a role in the pathogenesis of clubbing in patients with bronchial neoplasms.
Estimated Reduction in Cancer Risk due to PAH Exposures If Source Control Measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics Were Sustained
Authors: Yuling Jia, Dave Stone, Wentao Wang, Jill Schrlau, Shu Tao, Staci L. Massey Simonich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games provided a unique case study to investigate the effect of source control measures on the reduction in air pollution, and associated inhalation cancer risk, in a Chinese megacity.We measured 17 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and estimated the lifetime excess inhalation cancer risk during different periods of the Beijing Olympic Games, to assess the effectiveness of source control measures in reducing PAH-induced inhalation cancer risks.PAH concentrations were measured in samples of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) collected during the Beijing Olympic Games, and the associated inhalation cancer risks were estimated using a point-estimate approach based on relative potency factors.We estimated the number of lifetime excess cancer cases due to exposure to the 17 carcinogenic PAHs [12 priority pollutant PAHs and five high-molecular-weight (302 Da) PAHs (MW 302 PAHs)] to range from 6.5 to 518 per million people for the source control period concentrations and from 12.2 to 964 per million people for the nonsource control period concentrations.This would correspond to a 46% reduction in estimated inhalation cancer risk due to source control measures, if these measures were sustained over time. Benzo[b]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene were the most carcinogenic PAH species evaluated. Total excess inhalation cancer risk would be underestimated by 23% if we did not include the five MW 302 PAHs in the risk calculation.Source control measures, such as those imposed during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, can significantly reduce the inhalation cancer risk associated with PAH exposure in Chinese megacities similar to Beijing. MW 302 PAHs are a significant contributor to the estimated overall inhalation cancer risk.
Dyslipidemia and an Unfavorable Fatty Acid Profile Predict Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 20 Years Later
Authors: Johan Sundström, Lars Lind, Bengt Vessby, Bertil Andrén, Antti Aro, Hans O. Lithell
Journal: Circulation (2001)

-Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Causes other than hypertension have not previously been investigated longitudinally. The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic, metabolic, and psychosocial predictors at 50 years of age for the prevalence of echocardiographic LVH and geometric subtypes at age 70 by use of a large sample of men from the general population followed up for 20 years. Methods and Results-In 1970 to 1973, all men born from 1920 to 1924 and residing in Uppsala County, Sweden, were invited to participate in a health survey aimed at identifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease. At a reinvestigation 20 years later, echocardiographic left ventricular mass index was determined in 475 subjects. A 1-SD increase in body mass index, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, fasting LDL/HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, or the serum cholesterol ester proportion of several saturated fatty acids or oleic acid at age 50 significantly increased the odds of having LVH at age 70 by 27% to 41%, whereas an increase in linoleic acid proportion was protective. Almost all metabolic predictors were independent of ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, and use of antihypertensive medication at age 70.-Dyslipidemia and indices of a low dietary intake of linoleic acid and high intake of saturated and monounsaturated fats, as well as hypertension and obesity, at age 50 predicted the prevalence of LVH 20 years later in this prospective longitudinal cohort study, thereby suggesting that lipids may be important in the origin of LVH.
112 DISCOVERY OF POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) ENTRY WITH DISTINCT MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Authors: G.A. Coburn, A.Q. Han, J.D. Murga, J.-M. de Muys, D.N. Fisch, D. Paul, S. Moorji, K.P. Provoncha, Y. Rotshteyn, D. Qian, P.J. Maddon, W.C. Olson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pathologic Basis of Disease
Authors: Rolla B. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The pathology textbooks of the 1930s and 1940s mirrored the teaching of pathology at a low ebb: a descriptive discipline rich in color, shapes, and culinary allusions, but imprisoned by the autopsy and satisfied with the portrayal of disease as static morbid anatomy.  After the war there were hopeful rebellions, and several splinter books appeared. Especially notable was Sir Howard Florey's General Pathology , around which rallied those departments of pathology that revered the new science of cell biology. Wiley D. Forbus attempted to bring movement and dynamism back to pathology with Reaction to Injury , which unfortunately never caught on. No one, however, approached pathology as a clinical discipline, and only Boyd demonstrated elegance of style. W. A. D. Anderson captured the mainstream; his monumental work (introduced in 1948, and now in its eighth edition, edited by J. W. Kissane) continued the tradition of obsessive cataloging, gradually introducing dynamic concepts as
Hepatitis B from Medical Professionals: How Rare? How Preventable?
Authors: George F. Grady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The well documented report of Rimland et al. on page 953 in this issue is the third example1 , 2 in the last several years of multiple cases of hepatitis B attributable to HBs Ag-positive oral surgeons themselves rather than to contaminated instruments or inoculations. Although these disturbing findings may be regarded as no more than historical curiosities in a few years when hepatitis B vaccines and mechanisms for eliminating the chronic carrier state become available, development of a sensible interim approach is a real challenge. The fact that health-care personnel are more likely to acquire hepatitis from patients than to . . .
333 KINETICS OF HCV CORE ANTIGEN DURING ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AS DETERMINED BY A NOVEL CHEMILUMINESCENT MICROPARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY
Authors: I. Mederacke, S. Ciesek, R. Raupach, K. Wursthorn, K. Deterding, E. Steinmann, M. Cornberg, E. Jaeckel, M.P. Manns, T. Pietschmann, H.L. Tillmann, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in early life and risk of wheeze and atopy at age 3
Authors: K.A. Roberg, Z. Li, E.L. Sullivan, K.T. Sullivan Dillie, D.F. DaSilva, C.J. Tisler, T.E. Pappas, R.E. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Physicians' Attitudes Toward Chemically Dependent Patients
Authors: Robert M. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In their recent discus-sion of physician attitudes (237:23182319, 1977), Chappel and Schnoll appropriately call attention to the traditionally negative attitude shown by many physicians toward the chemically dependent patient. Unfortunately, this has become a sort of rallying cry by many paraprofessionals and the public at large, who have tended to use the medical profession as a scapegoat, regarding it as the main stumbling block in our society's inability to cope satisfactorily with this rather immense and pervasive problem. What is not as well known, however, is the apparently changing attitudes of many medical practitioners. In an attitudinal survey of 665 Midwest physicians,<sup>1</sup>87% of whom were engaged in family practice, we were pleasantly surprised at their relatively positive attitude toward alcoholism and alcoholic patients. Although continuing to be pessimistic about the overall outcome in treating alcoholics, the majority think of alcoholism now as being treatable
Justification for Evaluating New Anticancer Drugs in Selected Untreated Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Randomized Study
Authors: D. S. Ettinger, D. M. Finkelstein, M. D. Abeloff, R. T. Skeel, P. B. Stott, M. S. Frontiera, P. D. Bonomi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Studies have shown that response to a given chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is superior to that in patients previously treated with other regimens. This finding raises the question of whether it is necessary and ethical to study the effects of new anticancer agents in untreated patients. Such studies appear to be the best test for drug development, but there has been no evaluation of whether survival of untreated patients, whose cancer is sensitive to established drugs, is adversely affected in trials of new drugs. Purpose : This randomized study of untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer was designed (a) to compare the survival of patients treated with either effective standard chemotherapy or an investigational anticancer drug as initial therapy and (A) to evaluate response rates and toxic effects of such therapies. Methods : Eighty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive, as initial therapy, either the standard CAV regimen cyclophosphamide (1000 mg/m 2 ), doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m 2 ) every 3 weeks or the phase II drug menogaril (200 mg/m 2 ) every 4 weeks. Treatment after induction therapy varied, depending on patient response, but nonresponders and those with disease progression received salvage chemotherapy etoposide (120 mg/m 2 on days 1, 2, and 3) and cisplatin (60 mg/m 2 on day 1), repeated every 3 weeks. Results : Of the 43 patients on CAV, 42% responded (eight complete responses and 10 partial responses); 5% of the 43 on menogaril responded (two partial responses) (P =.0001). Twelve (22%) of 54 patients responded to salvage chemotherapy (five complete responses and seven partial responses). Within 3 months from start of treatment, twelve patients died 3 patients in the CAV group and nine patients in the menogaril group (P =.12). The estimated median survival was 37 weeks with menogaril and 45 weeks with CAV (P =.28). At 6 months, survival was 76.7% for the CAV group and 67.4% for the menogaril group. At 12 months, survival rates were 24.4%and 27.9%, respectively. Confidence intervals (95%) for the differences between the proportions surviving in the two groups were -9%-28% at 6 months and -25%-14% at 12 months. Use of CAV resulted in significantly higher occurrence of severe and life-threatening treatment-related complications ( P = .002). Conclusion : The confidence intervals for the differences in survival are too wide to conclude that evaluation of a new drug in untrreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is or is not harmful. The data do suggest, however, that use of this study design may have no adverse effect on survival.[J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1077—1084, 1992]
On the Physiological Action of Carbon Monoxide of Nickel
Authors: J. G. McKendrick, W. Snodgrass
Journal: BMJ (1891)

century, we cannot claim to have made any discovery as to its mode of action.We know for certain that it will cure psoriasis, pemphigus, and their allies, and that it will prevelnt the recurrence of recurrent herpes and many other relapsing maladies.We never cease to wonder at the extreme rapidity and certainty witlh whichl, in some of these, its effects become manifest.Ilow those effects are brought about, however, we can-not even guess.AVe know also that it may, whilst curing some diseases, produce others, and that herpes zoster is one amongst several different type-forms of peripheral neuritis whicll may result directly from it.That it has some peculiar affinity for nerve tissue, and some peculiar influence upon nerve function, we may safely believe, but further than this we can searcely go.As regards its general employment as a remedy for skin diseases, wlhilst recent observations have strengthened our faith in certain directions, they have limited it in.others, anid they have impressed upoII us the great need of caution.They leave us with the practical creed that we mav, as heretofore, freely avail ourselves of its services, but that we inust, perhaps rather more than has heretofore been felt necessary, watchl its effects, and be prepared, if need be, to forbid its furtlher use.
Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine device: findings in a large cohort study.
Authors: M P Vessey, D Yeates, R Flavel, K McPherson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease was investigated among parous women taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Hospital admission rates for "acute definite" disease were 1.51 per 1000 woman-years among those currently using an intrauterine device (IUD) and 0.14 per 1000 woman-years among those using other methods of birth control (age-standardised relative risk 10.5 to 1 with 95% confidence limits of 5.4 to 1 and 32 to 1). There was little evidence of an increased risk of such disease in ex-users of an IUD. Hospital admission for "chronic definite" disease, on the other hand, was commoner in ex-users of an IUD than in current users. Acute definite disease occurred somewhat more frequently during the early months of use of an IUD than during the later months. While the rate of such disease was increased in users of each type of device, the highest rate (8.1 per 1000 woman-years) was observed in users of the Dalkon shield. This rate, however, was based on only three affected women.
Offline: 2015—the year to rebuild WHO
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2014)

The best book about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was written, not by an expert in infectious diseases, but by a lawyer. David Fidler's SARS, Governance, and the Globalization of Disease (Palgrave, 2004) deserves to be pulled from its dusty shelf and read with intense care. By the standards of most infectious epidemics—tuberculosis, malaria, or HIV, for example—SARS now seems worthy of only a short footnote in global health history: 8422 cases and 916 deaths between November, 2002, and August, 2003.
Anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies and their use in adult autoimmune hematological disorders
Authors: Daan Dierickx, André Delannoy, Khalid Saja, Gregor Verhoef, Drew Provan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract Autoimmune hematological disorders encompass a broad group of hematological conditions characterized by the loss of self‐tolerance to a variety of antigens. Despite good response to first‐line therapy in the majority of patients, relapses are common, necessitating new and safe therapeutic options. The anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has led to substantial improvement in the treatment of malignant and immune‐mediated disorders involving B cells. Although experience with rituximab in immune‐mediated hematological disorders is rarely supported by randomized trials, there is now substantial experience with rituximab suggesting that anti‐CD20 therapy is an effective and well‐tolerated alternative to immunosuppressive therapy in these disorders. However, caution is needed based on recent reports describing—sometimes severe—rituximab‐related complications. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of HIV among childbearing women and women having termination of pregnancy: multidisciplinary steering group study.
Authors: D. J. Goldberg, H. MacKinnon, R. Smith, N. B. Patel, J. B. Scrimgeour, J. M. Inglis, J. F. Peutherer, G. E. Urquhart, J. A. Emslie, R. G. Covell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, in particular those whose behaviour or that of their partners put them at "low risk" of infection. DESIGN--Voluntary named or anonymous HIV testing of pregnant women during 21 months (November 1988 to July 1990). SUBJECTS AND SETTING--All women who planned to continue their pregnancy and attended clinics serving the antenatal populations of Edinburgh and Dundee. All women admitted for termination of pregnancy to gynaecology wards serving the pregnant populations of Dundee and outlying rural areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Period prevalence of HIV antibody positivity. RESULTS--91% of antenatal clinic attenders and 97% of women having termination of pregnancy agreed to HIV testing on a named or anonymous basis. HIV period prevalences for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy tested in Dundee were 0.13% and 0.85% respectively, and for antenatal clinic attenders tested in Edinburgh 0.26%. For those at "low risk" rates for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy in Dundee were 0.11% and 0.13%, and for antenatal clinic attenders in Edinburgh 0.02%. In Dundee HIV prevalence among women having a termination of pregnancy (0.85%) was significantly greater than that among antenatal clinic attenders (0.13%). CONCLUSIONS--HIV infection is undoubtedly occurring among women at "low risk," and it is clear that a policy of selective testing of those at only "high risk" is inadequate for pregnant women living in areas of high prevalence such as Edinburgh and Dundee. Moreover, when studying pregnant populations in such areas there is the need to include those having a termination of pregnancy.
Deep sequencing of the small RNA transcriptome of normal and malignant human B cells identifies hundreds of novel microRNAs
Authors: Dereje D. Jima, Jenny Zhang, Cassandra Jacobs, Kristy L. Richards, Cherie H. Dunphy, William W. L. Choi, Wing Yan Au, Gopesh Srivastava, Magdalena B. Czader, David A. Rizzieri, Anand S. Lagoo, Patricia L. Lugar, Karen P. Mann, Christopher R. Flowers, Leon Bernal-Mizrachi, Kikkeri N. Naresh, Andrew M. Evens, Leo I. Gordon, Micah Luftig, Daphne R. Friedman, J. Brice Weinberg, Michael A. Thompson, Javed I. Gill, Qingquan Liu, Tam How, Vladimir Grubor, Yuan Gao, Amee Patel, Han Wu, Jun Zhu, Gerard C. Blobe, Peter E. Lipsky, Amy Chadburn, Sandeep S. Dave
Journal: Blood (2010)
SECRETION OF BLOOD GROUP SPECIEIC SUBSTANCES IN SALIVA OF VITILIGO PATIENTS*. A Preliminary Report.
Authors: V. N. SEHGAL, B. DUBE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article SECRETION OF BLOOD GROUP SPECIEIC SUBSTANCES IN SALIVA OF VITILIGO PATIENTS. A Preliminary Report. Get access V. N. SEHGAL, M.D., V. N. SEHGAL, M.D. The Section of Dermatology and the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi‐5, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. DUBE, M.D. B. DUBE, M.D. The Section of Dermatology and the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi‐5, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 12, 1 December 1967, Pages 704–705, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11441.x Published: 01 December 1967