tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Population and occupational screening for obstructive sleep apnea: are we there yet?
Authors: M J Baumel, G Maislin, A I Pack
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Several features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suggest that it may be an appropriate disease for screening programs for general populations and more specific high-risk groups. Preliminary data suggest that OSA represents an important health problem in terms of high prevalence, increased levels of morbidity and mortality, and increased public safety risk. Furthermore, the chronicity of the disease and the relatively low levels of recognition of the disorder in the medical community suggest a potential for lead-time gains for screening programs. Specific groups that might be considered for screening programs include commercial vehicle operators, hazardous duty personnel, and certain groups of medical patients. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to consider the issues of population and specific group screening for OSA by reviewing the general principles of screening for chronic disease and then applying these principles specifically in the case of OSA. More extensive outcomes data relating levels of severity of the disorder to its potential adverse outcomes are needed and will assist in tailoring appropriate screening programs and determining the cost-effectiveness of screening various populations.
Raise tobacco taxes regularly to reduce deaths from smoking, urge researchers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers are urging governments around the world to raise taxes on tobacco above inflation and also to impose one-off steep tax increases at every opportunity.

They estimate that tripling tobacco excise tax globally would cut the prevalence of smoking by a third and prevent millions of premature deaths. Big tax increases would narrow the price gap between the most and least expensive cigarettes, which would encourage people to quit smoking rather than switch to a cheaper brand and would help stop young …
Chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome–negative metaphases appearing during imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Lynne V. Abruzzo, Susan O'Brien, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Srdan Verstovsek, Jianqin Shan, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2007)
T cells recognize minor histocompatibility antigens on H-2 allogeneic cells.
Authors: J Forman, J W Streilein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

B10.A animals were rendered tolerant to B10.M spleen cells by injection of (B10.A X B10.M)F1 cells into neonates. Adult animals accepted B10.M skin grafts and failed to generate cytotoxic effector cells in vitro against B10.M H-2 antigens. In vivo inoculation of tolerant animals with A.CA spleen cells, followed by in vitro challenge with similar cells, resulted in the generation of cytotoxic effector cells that had specificity for the A strain minor histocompatibility (H)-antigens in the context of the H-2f haplotype. If these animals were boosted in vitro with A strain spleen cells, cross-priming could be demonstrated, whereby the cytotoxic effect was restricted by the H-2a haplotype. These data indicate that at least two sets of T cells co-exist in tolerant animals, one capable of recognizing antigens in the context of the host H-2 haplotype, and the other able to recognize antigens in the context of the tolerated H-2-allogeneic haplotype. Because tolerant animals inoculated with A-strain spleen cells in vivo and boosted in vitro with A.CA spleen cells failed to generate a cytotoxic effect against A.CA, it is unlikely that minor H-antigens need to be processed by host lymphoreticular cells.
The Gift of Perspective
Authors: Wendy Stead
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Houston Citywide Policy on Medical Futility
Authors: Dorothy E. Vawter
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The Houston Task Force 1 has made a major contribution to discussions of medical futility policies. Its members suggest replacing efforts at defining medical futility with efforts at developing a fair procedural mechanism for resolving disputes—a mechanism that acknowledges the importance of professional and institutional integrity and balances these with respect for patient autonomy. The proposed institutional review mechanism, however, has too singular a concern with confirming or rejecting a physician's judgment of medical inappropriateness (or violation of professional or institutional integrity) to fully accomplish their worthy objective. It is particularly puzzling that the Houston policy assumes that respect for professional and institutional integrity should always take priority over respect for patients, when the goal is to fairly balance these 2 obligations.  There are several assumptions implicit in the policy requiring further consideration, including the following: violations of professional or institutional integrity are simple all-or-nothing determinations; patient or surrogate
Multiple Visceral Lesions Due to Phenylbutazone Toxicity
Authors: J. R. Nassim, T. Pilkington
Journal: BMJ (1954)

level of proteins of extrahepatic origin-that is, y-globulins.Viewed in this light the customary facile explanation of " a compensatory increase" of globulin contains some sense. SummaryElectrophoresis of serum proteins in 38 cases of ascites revealed distinct and constant patterns in the major groups with hepatic fibrosis or carcinomatosis peritonei.Other conditions, which form a minority of cases, pro- duce less characteristic changes.The pathological processes underlying these changes are discussed, and the diagnostic value of serum electro- phQresis in this context is assessed.
618 HCV-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES IN UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH NO KNOWN RISK FOR HCV EXPOSITION
Authors: Y. Riviere, G. Janvier, L. Durrieu, O. Launay, Z. Coutsinos, M.-L. Chaix, J.-L. Bresson, D. Benomar, B. Mercier, S. Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Commentary: an opposing view from the Netherlands
Authors: M. P Springer, H. W J van Marwijk
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dutch general practitioners receive similar excessive amounts of mail and are as overworked as their British colleagues—we like to think more so. But we are much more willing to answer questionnaires from our colleagues. Why should this be? Are we nicer, more obsessional, more anxious to express an option? Are we more supportive of research in general practice? Do we get paid for responding?

The most important factors that determine the response rate to a questionnaire in any country are its subject, length, and quality, together with the “face” it presents. The Midlands study referred to by McAvoy and Kaner dealt with sensitive or perhaps even irritating subjects: general practitioners' attitudes to …
Postnatal maturation of noradrenaline uptake and release in cat papillary muscles
Authors: M. TYNAN, P. DAVIES, D. SHERIDAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Journal Article Postnatal maturation of noradrenaline uptake and release in cat papillary muscles Get access M. TYNAN, M. TYNAN 2 From the Departments of Cardiology, Physiology, and Paediatrics, The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 2Address for correspondence: Dr Michael Tynan, Department of Cardiology, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE4 6BE. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. DAVIES, P. DAVIES From the Departments of Cardiology, Physiology, and Paediatrics, The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. SHERIDAN D. SHERIDAN From the Departments of Cardiology, Physiology, and Paediatrics, The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 11, Issue 3, May 1977, Pages 206–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/11.3.206 Published: 01 May 1977
Gram Test in Relation to Penicillin Bacteriostasis
Authors: M. George, K. M. Pandalai
Journal: BMJ (1948)

BRITISHof the plasma cells was confirmed by staining with Unna and Pappenheim's methyl-green and pyronine.It is to be noted that this tumour bears no relationship to the myeloid epulis or osteoclastoma.The diagnosis of solitary myeloma having been established, the patient was referred for x-ray therapy to Dr. Phillip Flood, to whom we are indebted for co-operation with this treatment and for furnishing notes on the clinical progress of the case. Conclusion
Hemodynamic and Hypotensive Effects of Long-term Therapy with Chlorothiazide
Authors: JAMES CONWAY, PHILIP LAUWERS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Long-term treatment of hypertension with chlorothiazide alone produces mioderate reduction in blood pressure in 66 per cent of patients with hypertension. This fall in pressure is due to a reduction in total peripheral resistance rather than a fall in cardiac output.
1061-92 Relation between time of pain and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction transferred to primary angioplasty or angioplasty facilitated with thrombolysis
Authors: Mariusz Gasior, Marek Gierlotka, Andrzej Lekston, Tadeusz Zebik, Krzysztof Wilczek, Janusz Szkodzinski, Marek Kondys, Jacek Piegza, Jaroslaw Wasilewski, Krzysztof Dyrbus, Bozena Szygula-Jurkiewicz, Lech Polonski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Differential diagnosis of ischaemic ulceration of the leg using ultrasound
Authors: J.P. WOODCOCK, SUZANNE ALEXANDER, M. DURKIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Differential diagnosis of ischaemic ulceration of the leg using ultrasound Get access J.P. WOODCOCK, J.P. WOODCOCK Welsh National School of Medicine and Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Interdepartmental Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, and Department of Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SUZANNE ALEXANDER, SUZANNE ALEXANDER Welsh National School of Medicine and Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Interdepartmental Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, and Department of Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. DURKIN M. DURKIN Welsh National School of Medicine and Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Interdepartmental Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, and Department of Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 1, 1 July 1974, Pages 77–80, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06720.x Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Accepted: 24 September 1973 Published: 01 July 1974
The alchemy of tendon repair: a primer for the (S)mad scientist
Authors: D. A. Towler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

During vertebrate development, mesenchymal progenitors capable of forming bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, or tendon arise from either neural crest or somitic mesoderm. Transcriptional programs that specify mesenchymal cell fates are initiated and modified by paracrine cues provided by TGF-β superfamily members and mediated in part via the regulated assembly of Smad-containing multiprotein transcription factor complexes. In this issue of the JCI, Hoffmann and colleagues have identified that Smad8 activation drives tendon formation from C3H10T1/2 cells, a murine cell line that recapitulates many features of normal multipotent mesenchymal cells (see the related article beginning on page 940). Cells programmed to the tenocyte cell fate in vitro formed tenogenic grafts in vivo. These results add to the accumulating evidence that proliferating, multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells can be programmed to yield multiple cell types — e.g., osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes, and tenocytes — that may be useful in cell-based therapeutic approaches to musculoskeletal diseases.
Abstract 4922: A single-cell TGFbetaR-JUND dichotomy and its role in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Chun-Chao Wang, Leen Jamal, Kristen A. Atkins, Kevin A. Janes
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Basal-like carcinoma is a subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis that is characterized by pronounced cell-to-cell non-uniformities. Intratumor heterogeneity could involve sporadic single-cell activation of key pathways implicated in cancer progression, but it has not been possible to identify such pathways in an unbiased way. Our lab has developed a new approach for globally identifying coregulated, heterogeneously expressed genes among single cells (Nat Methods 7:311 [2010]). In a 3D in vitro culture model of a basal-like breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), we stochastically profiled 4557 transcripts for heterogeneity and identified 547 that were predicted to be strongly dichotomous among extracellular matrix (ECM)-attached cells in the developing acinus. Hierarchical clustering of the heterogeneous transcripts revealed a group of ∼15 biosynthetic genes that contained the transcription factor, JUND, and the basal-cell cytokeratin, KRT5. In the same dataset, we identified a second group of genes-containing a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family ligand (GDF11), a TGF-beta receptor (TGFBR3), and a TGF-beta marker protein (TGFBI)-with strong sampling fluctuations that were opposite to those of JUND cluster. Here, we show that perturbation of JUND or TGFBR3 expression profoundly disrupts 3D morphogenesis. Constitutive JUND expression causes stable cribiform-like bridges across the acinar lumen, whereas TGFBR3 knockdown induces a ductal-branching phenotype. These perturbations further revealed that JUND and TGFBR3 are reciprocally coupled by interlinked positive and negative feedback loops that could give rise to asynchronous oscillations during morphogenesis. Live-cell imaging with a fluorescently tagged Smad2 revealed sporadic pulses of TGF-betaR signaling in matrix-attached cells during morphogenesis. Last, in clinical specimens of breast cancer with dichotomous basal cytokeratin expression, we find that junD and Krt5 proteins are correlated in ECM-attached cells. Interestingly, junD and Krt5 are anticorrelated in cells not directly in contact with stromal ECM, and this regulation is mimicked in 3D culture of MCF10A cells. Together, our results raise the possibility that heterogeneous basal-like breast cancers switch between two states that depend critically on the ECM context. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4922. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4922
Starting aspirin therapy after operation. Effects on early graft patency. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group.
Authors: S Goldman, J Copeland, T Moritz, W Henderson, K Zadina, T Ovitt, K B Kern, G Sethi, G V Sharma, S Khuri
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Although aspirin therapy started before operation improves vein graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting, it also causes bleeding. The objective of this prospective, centrally directed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to compare the effects of aspirin therapy started before operation with aspirin started 6 hours after operation on early (7-10-day) graft patency. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were randomized to receive either aspirin 325 mg or placebo the night before surgery; after operation, all patients received aspirin 325 mg daily, with the first dose administered through the nasogastric tube 6 hours after operation. Angiography was performed in 72% of the analyzed patients an average of 8 days after operation, and the primary end point was saphenous vein graft patency in 351 patients. Internal mammary artery graft patency was also assessed in 246 patients because many individuals received both internal mammary artery and vein grafts. In the patients given preoperative aspirin, the vein graft occlusion rate was 7.4 +/- 1.3% compared with 7.8 +/- 1.5% in those who received preoperative placebo (p = 0.871). In the subgroup of patients receiving Y grafts, 0.0% of the grafts were occluded in the preoperative aspirin group compared with 7.0 +/- 3.6% in the preoperative placebo group (p = 0.066). The internal mammary artery occlusion rate was 0.0% (0 of 131) in the aspirin group compared with 2.4 +/- 1.4% (three of 125) in the placebo group (p = 0.081). Patients in the aspirin group received more transfusions than those in the placebo group (median, 900 versus 725 ml, p = 0.006). The reoperation rate for bleeding in the aspirin group was 6.3% compared with 2.4% in the placebo group (p = 0.036). Median chest tube drainage within the first 6 hours after operation was 500 ml in the aspirin group compared with 448 ml in the placebo group (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Thus, preoperative aspirin is associated with increased bleeding complications and offers no additional benefit in early vein graft patency compared with starting aspirin therapy 6 hours after operation. There was a trend, although not significant, toward improved early patency for Y grafts and internal mammary artery grafts with preoperative aspirin.
Action of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in calves with experimental acute central venous congestion and low cardiac output
Authors: A. M Rokitansky, U. M Losert, W Trubel, G Wieselthaler, S. Krausler, W Shreiner, P Buxbaum, H Vierhapper, W K Waldhausl, E Wolner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim of the study was to investigate plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and renin during experimentally induced acute central venous congestion.Two experimental calf models were used: (1) right heart failure due to pulmonary artery obstruction; (2) inferior vena cava syndrome produced by inferior vena caval obstruction. Hormonal responses and haemodynamic variables were measured over 6 h.Experiments were performed on three female "Schwarzbund" calves, age 3 months, weight 92 +/- 8 kg.In the pulmonary artery obstructed group there was an increase of plasma aldosterone from 6.5(SEM 1.6) to 22.1(3.2) ng.dl-1 (p less than 0.05), of renin from 0.7(0.1) to 2.5(0.3) Goldblatt units x 10(-4).ml-1 (p less than 0.05), and of atrial natriuretic peptide from 22.1(4.5) to 141.4(27.8) pmol.litre-1 (p less than 0.05). During inferior vena caval obstruction, aldosterone increased from 2.4(0.4) to 20.9(2.0) ng.dl-1 (p less than 0.05), and renin increased from 0.4(0.05) to 2.0(0.20) Goldblatt units x 10(-4).ml-1 (p less than 0.05). In this experiment, atrial natriuretic peptide remained unchanged. Cardiac output decreased in both groups. There was significant fluid and electrolyte retention during both experiments, with urine volume decreasing from 87.7(11.6) to 35.0(1.2) ml-h-1 in experiment (1), and from 185(14) to 95.7(8.6) ml.h-1 in experiment (2).The study suggests (1) that in an experimental acute state of reduced cardiac output due to pulmonary artery stenosis with constantly increased right heart pressures, raised endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide failed to induce diuresis and natriuresis; (2) that in acute right heart failure, renin and aldosterone secretion could not be suppressed by raised atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations; and (3) atrial natriuretic peptide secretion seemed to be exhausted after 6 h continuous atrial distension.
P3-158: A prospective study assessing tumor response of gefitinib in chemonaive good performance advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with different types of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations
Authors: Chih-Hsin Yang, Chong-Jen Yu, Jin-Yuan Shih, Meng-Chi Tsai, Kuan-Yu Chen, Zhong-Zhe Lin, Hsin-Hsin Hsu, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Human Gene Therapy
Authors: Perrin C. White
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Gene therapy, the introduction and expression of exogenous genetic material, is an approach of great potential for the correction of inherited or acquired metabolic defects. Growing scientific interest is revealed in the growth of its literature: in MEDLINE, only 13 articles on human gene therapy were indexed from 1975 through 1981. From 1982 through 1986 this number had grown to 81. And from 1987 through the spring of 1991, 400 articles appeared. This intensifying interest has inspired a new specialty journal,<i>Human Gene Therapy</i>. To our knowledge the first journal devoted solely to the topic, it aims to be a "resource for current information as well as a repository for future reference" for both scientific matters and "the broader social issues" relating to human gene therapy. The editor-in-chief, W. French Anderson of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, is one of the leaders in this nascent field. Articles on
Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor loss of function mutation in a patient with fenfluramine-associated primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: C Blanpain
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Appetite-suppressant drug fenfluramine is implicated in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) but the molecular pathways that mediate this effect are unknown. A mouse model incriminates the serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptor but contrasts with other models where this receptor has been shown to mediate pulmonary arterial relaxation via nitric oxide production.We analyzed the human 5-HT(2B) gene in 10 patients with appetite-suppressant drug-associated PPH.A mutation causing premature truncation of the protein product was found in one patient. The mutation was not found in 80 control subjects and no 5-HT(2B) mutation was found in 18 PPH patients not associated with appetite-suppressants. Functional analysis of the transfected receptor expressed either transiently in COS cells or stably in CHO cells demonstrated that the mutated receptor fails to activate the second messenger inositol-phosphates cascade and subsequent intracellular calcium release, in spite of normal expression at the cell membrane. The mutated receptor had no constitutive activity, and produced no dominant negative effect on the wild-type receptor.Loss of serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptor function may predispose to fenfluramine-associated PPH in man.