tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nicotine intake by snuff users.
Authors: M A Russell, M J Jarvis, G Devitt, C Feyerabend
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Blood nicotine and cotinine concentrations were measured in 27 volunteers before and after taking snuff. Within 10 minutes after snuffing blood nicotine concentrations were comparable to those obtained after the 10 minutes or so that it takes to smoke a cigarette. Nicotine intake from snuffing was related to the experience of the snuffer. In daily and occasional snuffers increases in plasma nicotine concentrations averaged 77.7 and 12.3 nmol/l (12.6 and 2.0 ng/ml) respectively, while the novices showed no appreciable increase. The increase shown by thea daily snuffers was comparable to the average increase of 62.3 nmol/l (10.1 ng/ml) obtained from a single cigarette by a group of heavy smokers. The peak nicotine concentrations in the daily snuffers were also similar to the peak values in 136 heavy smokers--222.6 and 226-3 nmol/l (36.1 and 36.7 ng/ml), respectively. Unusual multiple-dose snuffing produced massive increases in plasma nicotine to concentrations that have never been recorded in smokers. The similarity of the concentrations produced by regular daily snuffing and regular daily smoking suggests that the plasma nicotine concentration has some controlling influence over the self-regulation of these two quite different forms of tobacco use. The rapid absorption of nicotine from snuff confirms its potential as an acceptable and relatively harmless substitute for smoking.
Influence of persistent obesity in children on cardiovascular risk factors: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Authors: G G Aristimuño, T A Foster, A W Voors, S R Srinivasan, G S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The relationship between body fat indexes, lipid and lipoprotein levels, and blood pressure was studied in 2230 children, each examined during 1973, 1976, and 1978. The children were grouped with the use of seven percentile (P) intervals of triceps skinfold thickness that were specific for race, sex, and age; cardiovascular risk factor variables were assessed over time. Of the 238 children initially in the lowest P group (less than 15P), 44% remained there, and 65% had skinfold thicknesses below 30P on the three occasions. Of the 352 children in the highest P group (greater than or equal to 85P), who were considered to be very obese, 39% remained at this level while 69% remained at 70P or greater. Of the 366 considered to be obese (greater than or equal to 70, less than 85%P), 38% remained at or above 70P. At baseline, children in the seven groups differed in weight, ponderosity (wt/ht3), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum triglyceride levels, and pre-beta- and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Pairwise comparison of data from children in each of the six other groups with those from children in the middle range (greater than or equal to 40, less than 60P) showed that the obese and very obese children had significantly higher systolic blood pressures (p less than .05), while only those in the highest P group had significantly greater diastolic blood pressures (p less than .05). These differences increased and diverged over time. Those in the obese and very obese groups showed a striking drop over time in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increases in pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure. Triglyceride levels decreased over time for the lowest and middle range groups but remained at higher levels in obese and very obese children. There was a strong tendency for tracking (remaining in the same P group over time) in lean, obese, and very obese children. Those who tracked showed definite differences in risk factor variables at the baseline level and over time when compared with the middle range group. Since consistent obesity in early life enhances cardiovascular risk, the measurement over time of skinfold thickness in children is a useful method to detect the potential for adult cardiovascular disease.
EFFECTS OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION ON CORONARY BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Itsik Ben–Dor, Rahul Malik, Sa'ar Minha, Israel Barbash, Danny Dvir, Steven Goldstein, Zuyue Wang, Petros Okubagzi, Rebecca Torguson, Joseph Lindsay, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Boke or Counseill against the Disease Commonly Called the Sweate or the Sweating Sickness
Authors: John Black
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Sweating sickness was a disease of unknown cause and very high mortality that first appeared in England in 1485. John Caius's book is our main source of knowledge about the disease, outbreaks of which recurred until 1578.

John Caius was born in Norwich in 1510. He entered Gonville Hall in Cambridge in 1529 and then moved to Padua to study under Vesalius. He refounded his former college as Gonville and Caius College and became its master. In the first part of his book Caius describes the disease as “not a sweat onely (as it is thought or called) but a fever.” It lasted 24 hours, with pain in the arms, legs, back, and shoulders, followed by a “marvellous heavinesse, and …
O126 EVALUATION OF LY2157299 MONOHYDRATE (LY), A TGF-β RECEPTOR I KINASE INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: PHASE 2 STUDY RESULTS OF SAFETY, EFFICACY AND PK/PD
Authors: G. Giannelli, S. Faivre, A. Santoro, R.K. Kelley, P. Merle, E. Gane, J.-Y. Douillard, D. Waldschmidt, M. Mulcahy, C. Costentin, B. Minguez, P.P. Papappicco, I. Gueorguieva, A. Cleverly, D. Desaiah, M.M. Lahn, S. Ameryckx, K.A. Benhadji, E. Raymond
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Human endometrial matrix metalloproteinase-2, a putative menstrual proteinase. Hormonal regulation in cultured stromal cells and messenger RNA expression during the menstrual cycle.
Authors: J C Irwin, D Kirk, R B Gwatkin, M Navre, P Cannon, L C Giudice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Proteinases are likely effectors of endometrial menstrual breakdown. We have investigated proteinase production by human endometrial stromal cells subjected in vitro to progesterone (P) withdrawal, the physiologic stimulus for menstruation. Culture media of cells exposed to estradiol, P, or estradiol plus P had low levels of proteolytic activity similar to cultures maintained in the absence of steroids. P withdrawal, or addition of RU486 to P-treated cultures, stimulated proteinase secretion. The stromal cell proteinase was characterized by gelatin zymography, inhibitor profile, and organomercurial activation, as a metalloproteinase present mostly as a 66-kD proenzyme with lower levels of a 62-kD active form. The P withdrawal-induced metalloproteinase was identified as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) by Western blotting. The increase of MMP-2 induced by P withdrawal was associated with the metalloproteinase-dependent breakdown of stromal cultures, involving dissolution of extracellular matrix and dissociation of stromal cells. Northern analysis showed the differential expression of MMP-2 mRNA in late secretory phase endometrium. These findings are consistent with the involvement of stromal cell-derived MMP-2 in the proteolysis of extracellular matrix promoting cyclic endometrial breakdown and the onset of menstrual bleeding.
"THE CARE AND FEEDING OF INFANTS"
Authors: Charles Herrman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In one of your valuable series of articles on the care and feeding of infants (The Journal, Jan. 13, 1923, p. 109) the author says "Schick (<i>Ztschr. f. Kinderh.</i><b>27</b>:57, 1920) has found that he can prevent most of this initial weight loss by the feeding of sugar solutions during these first days, giving as high as 1 ounce (30 gm.) of sucrose during the twenty-four hours." In a short paper (<i>New York M. J</i>., Jan. 9, 1915) I reported briefly the results which I had obtained by giving 200 newborn infants 1½ ounces of a 10 per cent. lactose solution every three hours, and was able to show that the initial weight loss could be reduced one half; that nearly twice as many infants regained their birth weight at the end of ten days, and that the so-called inanition fever could be prevented Further investigation
Abstract 3139: Chromosomal copy number alterations involved in Ras/PI3-kinase pathway in endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Yuji Ikeda, Katsutoshi Oda, Satsuki Murayama-Hosokawa, Shunsuke Nakagawa, Shumpei Ishikawa, Shogo Yamamoto, Keiko Shoji, Yuriko Uehara, Osamu Hiraike, Kei Kawana, Tetsu Yano, Frank McCormick, Shiro Kozuma, Yuji Taketani, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract [Objectives]: Activation of Ras/PI3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a direct causal role in human cancer. Oncogenic mutant Ras remains in active state, and activates various Ras effectors, including PI3K pathway. Ras/PI3K pathway activating mutations are very frequent in endometrial cancer, as reported at 35-55% for PTEN, 25-36% for PIK3CA and 10-20% for K-Ras. NF1 is a negative regulator of Ras and its alterations have been reported in several types of tumors. Although LOH at PTEN locus (10q23.3) is reported at 15-30%, other chromosomal imbalances involved in the Ras/PI3K pathway are not well characterized in endometrial cancer. In this study, we focused on chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs), including copy number neutral (CNN) LOH, involved in the Ras/PI3K pathway in endometrial carcinomas. [Materials and Methods]: Under the approval of institutional ethical committees, we performed 250K or 50K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays in 31 endometrial carcinomas with paired DNA and examined allele-specific CNAs at K-Ras, NF1, PIK3CA and PTEN. [Results]: We detected deletions of PTEN locus in eight out of 31 (26%) tumors; one with homozygous deletions (HD), four with CNN LOH and three with LOH without gain of the opposite allele. In addition to one HD (3%) and three LOH (10%) at NF1 locus, we found gains at the loci of PIK3CA (3q26.3) in four (13%) tumors and K-Ras (12p12.1) in four (13%) tumors. Taken together, we detected 12 (39%) tumors with one or more CNAs involved in the Ras/PI3K pathway. All the four tumors with NF1 deletions coexist with other CNAs involved in the Ras/PI3K pathway (Table). [Conclusion]: Our data unveiled CNN LOH of PTEN and homozygous deletions of PTEN and NF1, which had not been reported by conventional CGH analysis. Various types of CNAs might play roles in activation of the Ras/PI3K pathway and targeting the Ras-PI3K pathway might be effective in endometrial carcinomas with the Ras-PI3K related CNAs.Table.Coexistent CN alterations in the Ras/PI3K pathwayPTEN (Loss)PIK3CA (Gain)K-Ras (Gain)NF1 (Loss)LOH Gain LOH LOH Gain LOHLOHGain HDLOHGainGainLOH Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3139.
A prospective comparison of three argatroban treatment regimens during hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease
Authors: Patrick T. Murray, Bharathi V. Reddy, Eric J. Grossman, Mary S. Hammes, Sharon Trevino, Janice Ferrell, Ignatius Tang, Marcie J. Hursting, Trisha R. Shamp, Suzanne K. Swan
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
College investigates whether Wakefield was guilty of scientific fraud
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

University College London (UCL) is investigating whether the claims about the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine made by Andrew Wakefield and colleagues were the result of scientific fraud.

The inquiry has been launched as a result of the investigation into Mr Wakefield and his colleagues, who at the time of the study were at the Royal Free Hospital and Medical School, by the journalist Brian Deer, published in the BMJ . The General Medical Council struck off Mr Wakefield and John Walker-Smith in May 2010 after a hearing lasting 217 days, concluding that Mr Wakefield was guilty of dishonesty and Mr Walker-Smith of ordering clinical investigations of children without clinical grounds or ethical approval ( BMJ 2010;340:c2803, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2803).

Mr Deer’s investigation concluded that the February 1998 Lancet paper that triggered the MMR controversy was fraudulent, in that it had misrepresented the clinical records of the 12 …
The pathogen receptor liver and lymph node sinusoidal endotelial cell C-type lectin is expressed in human Kupffer cells and regulated by PU.1
Authors: Ángeles Domínguez‐Soto, Laura Aragoneses‐Fenoll, Fernando Gómez‐Aguado, María Teresa Corcuera, Joan Clária, Carmelo García‐Monzón, Matilde Bustos, Angel L. Corbí
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Human LSECtin (liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin, CLEC4G) is a C-type lectin encoded within the L-SIGN/DC-SIGN/CD23 gene cluster. LSECtin acts as a pathogen attachment factor for Ebolavirus and the SARS coronavirus, and its expression can be induced by interleukin-4 on monocytes and macrophages. Although reported as a liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell-specific molecule, LSECtin could be detected in the MUTZ-3 dendritic-like cell line at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level, and immunohistochemistry analysis on human liver revealed its presence in Kupffer cells coexpressing the myeloid marker CD68. The expression of LSECtin in myeloid cells was further corroborated through the analysis of the proximal regulatory region of the human LSECtin gene, whose activity was maximal in LSECtin+ myeloid cells, and which contains a highly conserved PU.1-binding site. PU.1 transactivated the LSECtin regulatory region in collaboration with hematopoietic-restricted transcription factors (Myb, RUNX3), and was found to bind constitutively to the LSECtin proximal promoter. Moreover, knockdown of PU.1 through the use of small interfering RNA led to a decrease in LSECtin mRNA levels in THP-1 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, thus confirming the involvement of PU.1 in the myeloid expression of the lectin.LSECtin is expressed by liver myeloid cells, and its expression is dependent on the PU.1 transcription factor.
The Art of JAMA: 'The Cover' Collected
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

MANY LONG-TIME admirers of the fine art covers and accompanying essays that for years have graced the pages of the<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>have often requested a collection of<i>JAMA</i>cover art and essays in a glossy, coffee table-style book. Now this request has been answered with<i>The Art of JAMA</i>—a collection featuring 100 covers originally published between 1974 and 1987, selected by M. Therese Southgate, MD, who wrote the accompanying essays that discuss the artist and the work. The book is copublished by the AMA and Mosby-Year Book Inc, St. Louis, Mo. Although today's readers strongly identify<i>JAMA</i>with its art covers, for decadesThe Journal's cover featured only a table of contents. It wasn't until 1964 thatThe Journaldisplayed its first issue with a 4-color art cover, a reproduction of Jan van Eyck's<i>St. Jerome in His Study</i>—and the now traditional
NEW INSTRUMENT PRODUCING A BLOODLESS TONSILLECTOMY
Authors: F. Peter Herman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Since February, 1926, I have been engaged in perfecting a method whereby tonsillectomy will be reduced to a simple, efficacious and perfect procedure, for both the patient and the operator. The birth of the idea took place after several hectic hours of attempting to stop a fifth day postoperative hemorrhage; a condition met by all men doing throat work, regardless of their ability as operators. An instrument was constructed on the order of the Beck-Schenck type, the loop being cast in rubber, in a supporting metal member. The carriage of the instrument was also insulated, and the active electrode of a high frequency current was attached to the proximal end of the snare wire. The indifferent electrode was attached to a large damp, applied to any part of the patient's body. A current strength ranging from 200 to 400 milliamperes was applied, after the tonsil was engaged in the loop, and made secure in the
THE HISTORY OF SCARLET FEVER
Authors: J. D. Rolleston
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MTDW BJOun in practice-though few object to seeing two doctors and acting on their advice all would like personally to avoid the magistrate.These two last suggestions, lhowever, deal with cases mwore advanced than those suitable for general hospitals, and it is the exceedingly early maladjustment that I am most concerned about.To those who fear to advocate these r-efolms on account of the expenlse I would say that they will come slowly enough, however much we may push for them, and it is probable that measures properly thought out would lead to economy, industrial peace, and a happier race, and justify all expendi- ture.Early treatment for these' badly oriented people is as necessary, and quite as profitable, to the country as for tuberculosis.Why should not funds be forthcoming from the same source?Sumamary.To sum up I would suggest that it is desirable:1.That every general hospital should have facilities for treating early nervous and horderland patients.2. That child guidance clinics should be available for the young maladjusted children and be under the charge of doctors.3. I'hat delinquents should have expert examination with regard to their mental adjustment-on the first offence repeated if necessary.4. That voluntary boarders be allowed in county mental lhospitals.5. That early insane patients shouild be able to be treated on two doctors' certificates.6.That vocational guidance shoutld be available for all who wish it-as at the Nation.alInstitute for Induistr ial Psychology-as a preventive miieasure against maladj ust- ments and unrest.7. That every medical student should be obliged to devote some time to the study of all forms of mental disorder.8. That exanmining boards should require evidence of knowledge of all forms of nmental disorder.It is better to pay for this than for insanity, delin- quency, unemployment, and industrial unrest.May we all live to see a goodly measure of the above reforms in this ouLr beloved and on the whole stable country.
Hong Kong: Supine tradition holds firm
Authors: E. Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A study conducted by a team of doctors in Hong Kong and published in the BMJ (1989;298:721) confirmed that so called cot deaths were rare among infants in Hong Kong. The team examined infants aged 1 to 12 months found dead unexpectedly at home from 1 December 1986 to 30 November 1987 in whom there was …
An unusual foreign body in the transverse colon
Authors: F. Dumoulin, H.-E. Schlief
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 77-year old man was admitted to our department with fever, headache, abdominal pain, and altered consciousness. He had a history of arterial hypertension, intermittent atrial fibrillation, and dementia, and he had had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted for the treatment of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. Investigations revealed that he had meningitis. In addition, colonoscopy was performed to investigate his abdominal pain and coprostasis. At this examination we made an unexpected discovery when a piece of tubing - most probably the distal limb of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt - was identified in the transverse colon (Figure [1]), as was the site of perforation (Figure [2]). A free colonic perforation, however, was ruled out by computed tomography. The patient was referred to the neurosurgeons, who performed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt explantation with temporary external ventricular drainage, and he continued on antibiotic treatment. He was discharged in good condition, without further ventricular drainage, after a hospital stay of 15 days.
What Is Discomfort in Persons With Dementia Who Are Agitated?—Reply
Authors: Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Marcia S. Marx, Khin Thein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse
Authors: Gerli Rosengren Pielberg, Anna Golovko, Elisabeth Sundström, Ino Curik, Johan Lennartsson, Monika H Seltenhammer, Thomas Druml, Matthew Binns, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Gabriella Lindgren, Kaj Sandberg, Roswitha Baumung, Monika Vetterlein, Sara Strömberg, Manfred Grabherr, Claire Wade, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Fredrik Pontén, Carl-Henrik Heldin, Johann Sölkner, Leif Andersson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
NARRATION
Authors: Louis Pelner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal