tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Needs for public health intervention and needs for new research on vinyl halides and their polymers: a public policy perspective.
Authors: D Hattis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Consideration of needs for public health interventions and new research requires comparative assessments of the health benefits that are likely to result from alternative uses of limited regulatory and technical resources. This paper briefly examines regulatory and research priorities in the light of recent information on the carcinogenic hazards of vinyl chloride and alkyl and vinyl halides related to vinyl chloride, the respiratory-system hazards of poly (vinyl chloride), and the reproductive hazards of vinyl chloride. Specific suggestions are made for relatively promising types of efforts in these areas.
A comparative study of duplications in bacteria and eukaryotes: the importance of telomeres
Authors: E. Coissac, E. Maillier, P. Netter
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The genomes of three bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Escherichia coli) and two eukaryotes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans) were compared. The distribution of their putative open reading frames (ORFs) was studied, and several conclusions were drawn: (1) All of these genomes, even the smallest, exhibit a significant proportion (7%-30%) of duplicated ORFs. This proportion is a function of genome size and appears unrelated to the bacteria/eukaryote division. (2) Some of these ORFs constitute families of up 20 or more members. (3) The levels of sequence similarity within these families are highly variable and their distribution is different among bacteria and eukaryotes. (4) In yeast, there are topological relationships between members of the same family. The paired ORFs are frequently in the same orientation with regard to their respective telomeres and located at comparable distances from them.
Lung content analysis of cases occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos.
Authors: R P Nolan, A M Langer, J Addison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The lung contents of six workers who had been occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos were examined. Five were lung cancer cases from Quebec, Canada. The sixth, an American worker who had developed pleural mesothelioma, was particularly interesting, with the lung content strikingly distinct from the Canadian cases; chrysotile, the predominant fiber in his lung, was present at a concentration 300 times that of the average total fiber content in the Canadian cases. The fiber length distribution of the chrysotile recovered from the U.S. mesothelioma case was indistinguishable from that of chrysotile specimens known to produce mesotheliomas in rats. It was also found that the characteristics of the calcium-magnesium-iron silicate fibers present in all six cases were not readily comparable to tremolite asbestos specimens known to induce mesotheliomas in animals.
THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE VIII (COOPER) SERUM
Authors: JESSE G. M. BULLOWA
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Pneumococcus type VIII (Cooper) is identical with the Thomas strain (closely related immunologically to pneumococcus type III) described by Sugg, Gaspari, Fleming and Neill,<sup>1</sup>and the strain classified as pneumococcus IV A by Johnson of Pittsburgh, which was common in Pittsburgh in 1927. Georgia Cooper<sup>2</sup>published her description of pneumococcus type VIII in March 1929. Pneumococcus type VIII is culturally distinct from pneumococcus type III, and the course of the pneumonias it causes is different from that induced by pneumococcus type III. Differentiation between type III and type VIII is readily made by the "swelling" reaction of Neufeld, specific rabbit serum being used for type III and type VIII, and by the colonies. The type III colonies are large and mucoid; the type VIII colonies are smaller, with more surrounding hemolysis. Until July 1, 1933, my associates and I observed at Harlem Hospital 133 cases of pneumococcic pneu
Boxing should be banned unless rules are tightened, advises Dutch body
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Dutch Health Council, an independent body that advises the parliament and ministers on public health, has said that professional boxing should be banned unless its rules can be tightened quickly to reduce the risk of brain injuries. The advice comes in a new report into brain damage in boxing and soccer, first ordered by the Dutch Ministry of Health in 1998.

Chronic brain damage, the report argues, has been shown in 40% to 80% of professional boxers; and one in eight amateur boxing bouts end in concussion. In professional soccer half of players …
UK chancellor announces new type of fund to provide $4bn vaccine aid
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Gordon Brown, the United Kingdom's chancellor of the exchequer, launched a unique funding initiative last week that will provide an extra $4bn (£2.2bn; €3.3bn) to step up immunisation programmes in developing countries over the next 10 years. The initiative should save an estimated five million children's lives.

Mr Brown has been lobbying for support for the plan, which is called the international finance facility for immunisation, since he came up with the idea in January 2003. He described the scheme as a “breakthrough” in aid that …
Health Care Choices and Decisions in the United States and Canada
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Media speculation about the scope of proposals for health care reform in the United States have led many Americans to be “very concerned” that changes will limit their choices in the future (ABC news poll 6/24/09). Health care choices are made on three levels: insurance plans, sources of care (physicians and hospitals), and clinical decisions (diagnostic tests and treatments). In this Commentary, we discuss the extent to which Americans currently are able to exercise choices. For context, we will compare the U.S. environment with that in Canada, partly because its health system, with much greater government involvement, is often publicly-portrayed in the U.S. as limiting choice.
Suppression of immune complex vasculitis in rats by prostaglandin.
Authors: S L Kunkel, R S Thrall, R G Kunkel, J R McCormick, P A Ward, R B Zurier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Immune complex-induced vascular damage can be markedly suppressed by treatment of rats with either prostaglandin (PG)E1 or its stable derivative, 15-(S)-15-methyl PGE1, but not with PGF2 alpha. In addition, PGD2 and PGE2 also show suppressive effects. The PGE1 derivative is considerably more effective than PGE1 and shows potent anti-inflammatory activity even after oral administration. Suppression of the vasculitis reaction is reflected by a greatly diminished increase in vasopermeability, indicating little or no vascular damage. In suppressed animals, the infiltration of neutrophils is greatly reduced, and those leukocytes that have appeared at tissue sites fail to show phagocytic uptake of immune complexes. In suppressed animals, the skin sites nevertheless show deposits of immune complexes and C3 fixation in vascular walls. Neutrophils harvested from the blood of rats treated with PGE1 show depressed responsiveness in chemotaxis and in enzyme secretion after incubation with chemotactic peptide. These studies indicate that certain PG have potent anti-inflammatory activity, which may be related to their effects on leukocytes.
Sequence and magnitude of ventricular volume changes in painful and painless myocardial ischemia.
Authors: G J Davies, W Bencivelli, G Fragasso, S Chierchia, F Crea, J Crow, P A Crean, T Pratt, M Morgan, A Maseri
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Stimulation of left ventricular stretch receptors has been proposed as a possible mechanism for the occurrence of cardiac pain. Changes in left ventricular volume were continuously assessed in 12 patients during 11 spontaneous (two painful) and 12 ergometrine-induced (nine painful) ischemic attacks with a precordial scintillation probe and blood pool labeling with technetium-99m. In all ischemic episodes, spontaneous or induced, painful or painless, severe dilatation of the left ventricle was consistently observed. These changes always preceded the onset of ST segment shifts and occurred long before pain, when present. The maximum increase in end-diastolic volume was slightly greater in painful than in painless episodes, 38 +/- 8.0% versus 28 +/- 12.4%, but no significant difference was observed in the rate of volume change or in the maximum increase of end-systolic volume (133 +/- 50% and 110 +/- 27.3%), stroke volume (-28 +/- 15% and -25 +/- 12.4%), or ejection fraction (-32 +/- 8.7% and -26 +/- 6.0%). Although the maximum end-diastolic volume achieved is greater in painful episodes, this effect cannot be separated from that of duration, and, furthermore, there was no significant difference in end-diastolic volume at the moment chest pain began. Thus, in patients with angina at rest, transient asymptomatic ST segment shifts are consistently associated with large changes in left ventricular volume, similar to those observed during painful episodes. The rate and extent of acute left ventricular dilatation do not appear to be factors directly causing anginal pain.
Mechanisms of kidney cell injury from metals.
Authors: B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The most environmentally abundant toxic metals/metalloids (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) are each known to produce cell injury in the kidney but the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are now being elucidated. It is clear that the nephrotoxicity of these agents is due, in part, to the fact that urinary elimination is a major route of excretion from the body. The role(s) of molecular factors such as metal-binding proteins, inclusion bodies, and cell-specific receptorlike proteins that appear to influence renal tubule cell expression, have attracted increased interest as determinants that modulate cell populations as special risk for toxicity and renal cancer. The future of mechanistic toxicology studies with regard to how and why only certain renal cell populations become targets for toxicity from these metals/metalloids and other less common inorganic nephrotoxicants must focus on the molecular handling of these agents by target cell populations.
Role of visceral sensitivity in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: M Delvaux
Journal: Gut (2002)

Visceral hypersensitivity has been recognised as a characteristic of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It may be involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal pain/discomfort, and seems to result from the sensitisation of nerve afferent pathways originating from the gastrointestinal tract. From a clinical point of view, hypersensitivity, although frequent, is not a constant finding among patients with IBS and cannot therefore be considered as a diagnostic marker of the condition. The advances made in understanding visceral hypersensitivity in patients with IBS are reviewed: the factors that influence abdominal distension are defined and different therapeutic perspectives are examined.
Discoid lupus erythematosus in an X-linked cytochrome-positive carrier of chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: G. R. YEAMAN, K. FROEBEL, G. GALEA, A. ORMEROD, S. J. URBANIAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Discoid lupus erythematosus in an X‐linked cytochrome‐positive carrier of chronic granulomatous disease Get access G. R. YEAMAN, G. R. YEAMAN Aberdeen and N.E. Scotland Blood transfusion Service Dr G.R.Yeaman, Senior Immunologist, Aberdeen and N.E. Scotland Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB9 2ZW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. FROEBEL, K. FROEBEL Aberdeen and N.E. Scotland Blood transfusion Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. GALEA, G. GALEA Aberdeen and N.E. Scotland Blood transfusion Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. ORMEROD, A. ORMEROD Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. J. URBANIAK S. J. URBANIAK Aberdeen and N.E. Scotland Blood transfusion Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 60–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08405.x Published: 01 January 1992
Oxford Epidemic of Bornholm Disease, 1951
Authors: J. F. Warin, J. B. M. Davies, F. K. Sanders, A. D. Vizoso
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Sylvest (1934) gave a very fuU description of the recorded outbreaks of Bornholm disease up to 1931.Since that time there have been many valuable reports, but most of them have dealt only with the clinical features of the disease (Pickles, 1937;Howard et al., 1943;Nichamin, 1945;Scadding, 1946;Hamburger and McNeil, 1947).Practically all the large outbreaks reported have occurred in relatively closed communities, although Harder (1936) described an epidemic in the general population of Cincinnati, Ohio.So far as can be ascertained there has been no published report of any extensive outbreak occurring in the general com- munity in this country.This article is based on experience obtained during an epidemic of Borholm disease in Oxford from Sep- tember to November, 1951, a preliminary report of which was given (Davies and Warin, 1951) when the epidemic was still in progress.Following this pre- liminary report, several letters appeared in the corre- spondence columns, giving experience elsewhere, and from these, together with a number of private communications and information obtained through the Public Health Laboratory Service, it would appear that this country experienced a high incidence of Bornholm disease from about April until November, 1951.A total of 277 Oxford cases were eventually collected, of which 262 were visited by one of us (J.B. M. D.) or by the health visitor seconded to the investigation.From this material it has been possible to obtain useful information on the epidemiological, clinical, and viro- logical aspects of the disease.By following fortunate clues we were able to recognize the existence of the outbreak soon after it started, and so were able to draw the attention of the local medical profession to this largely unfamiliar disease, at the same time requesting the notification of all cases.There was a most gratifying response, and notifications were received from more than half the doctors practising in the city.One doctor notified 26 cases, the next highest being 14, and there were 25 doctors who notified 5 cases or fewer.We believe that we were informed of most of the cases which sought medical advice.However, about half our cases never went to a doctor but were found by members of the medical or health-visiting staff of the Health Depart- ment, and there is no doubt that many more mild cases remained undiscovered.
PHARMACODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY INTERRUPTION AFTER RESOLUTE ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: David Kandzari, Sigmund Silber, Stephan Windecker, Sandeep Brar, Lilian Lee, Ajay Kirtane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Safety Plan for Opioids Meets Resistance
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

AS DEATHS FROM UNINTENTIONAL overdose with opioid drugs continue to increase, a plan proposed by the drugs’ makers to curb opioid-related deaths and injuries has provoked controversy. In February 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it was requiring manufacturers of extended-release and longacting opioids to work together to develop a plan to reduce unintentional overdoses in patients taking these products. The agency proceeded to meet with industry and other stakeholder groups to gather feedback, and at a meeting in early December, an industry working group presented a proposal calling for additional training for opioid prescribers and improvements to materials containing patient safety information. But the proposal has met resistance from health care worker organizations and other groups, which argue that mandatory physician training would ultimately limit patient access to pain medication. In response to such criticism, the industry working group proposed a phased implementation in which prescriber training is initially voluntary. However, FDA officials at the meeting criticized the phased approach, saying it is nearly identical to the existing safety plans for these drugs and does too little to address the pressing safety concerns surrounding the products. “There are significant and serious ongoing safety concerns with the use of these products that need to be addressed,” said John K. Jenkins, MD, director of the Office of New Drugs in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research during a press briefing after the meeting. “We need to ensure safe use while providing access.”
Epidemiology of Tularemia in Massachusetts with a Review of the Literature
Authors: John C. Ayres, Roy F. Feemster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ALTHOUGH tularemia is considered a "truly American disease," Ohara1 refers briefly to a historical account of a disease that he thinks was tularemia, described in 1837 by a Japanese physician, K. K. Homma.2 Ohara states that Homma, under the heading of intoxication of rabbit meat, described in detail the incubation period and symptoms of a disease that, according to Homma, had not theretofore been described. After tularemia became known in America, physicians in the West claimed to have seen similar cases as early as 1907 in Arizona and 1909 in Missouri.In 1911 McCoy3 contributed the first information of the . . .
What I Learned About Adverse Events From Captain Sully
Authors: Marjorie Podraza Stiegler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Circulating RNA Transcripts Identify Therapeutic Response in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Milene T. Saavedra, Grant J. Hughes, Linda A. Sanders, Michelle Carr, David M. Rodman, Christopher D. Coldren, Mark W. Geraci, Scott D. Sagel, Frank J. Accurso, James West, Jerry A. Nick
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Circulating leukocyte RNA transcripts are systemic markers of inflammation, which have not been studied in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Although the standard assessment of pulmonary treatment response is FEV1, a measure of airflow limitation, the lack of systemic markers to reflect changes in lung inflammation critically limits the testing of proposed therapeutics.Objectives: We sought to prospectively identify and validate peripheral blood leukocyte genes that could mark resolution of pulmonary infection and inflammation using a model by which RNA transcripts could increase the predictive value of spirometry.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 10 patients with CF and acute pulmonary exacerbations before and after therapy. RNA expression profiling revealed that 10 genes significantly changed with treatment when compared with matched non-CF and control subjects with stable CF to establish baseline transcript abundance. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA transcripts were prospectively validated, using real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification, in an independent cohort of acutely ill patients with CF (n = 14). Patients who responded to therapy were analyzed using general estimating equations and multiple logistic regression, such that changes in FEV1% predicted were regressed with transcript changes.Measurements and Main Results: Three genes, CD64, ADAM9, and CD36, were significant and independent predictors of a therapeutic response beyond that of FEV1 alone (P < 0.05). In both cohorts, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed greater accuracy when genes were combined with FEV1.Conclusions: Circulating mononuclear cell transcripts characterize a response to the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Even in small patient cohorts, changes in gene expression in conjunction with FEV1 may enhance current outcomes measures for treatment response.
UK government predicts 100 000 new A/H1N1 flu cases a day by September
Authors: D. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK government is planning for a rapid rise in the number of cases of A/H1N1 flu and is limiting provision of antiviral drugs to people with symptoms, while excluding asymptomatic contacts of infected people. The move comes after the revelation that up to 100 000 new cases of the infection could emerge each day by the end of August.

Laboratory based diagnosis of swine flu is to be stopped, and diagnosis should instead be made clinically by GPs. The government advises doctors to stop routine swabbing …
Crohn's disease: ethnic variation in CARD15 genotypes
Authors: S Marsh
Journal: Gut (2003)

A homogeneous batch of dew retted hackled flax was divided into two portions. One was untreated and the other was steamed for 45 minutes at 125 degrees C in three pressure/vacuum cycles in an autoclave. Dust was collected when the two flaxes were separately processed by industrial doubler and stapler machines. From untreated flax 7.2 g of dust was collected per kilogram of flax after two processing operations. From the steamed flax 4.4 g of flax was obtained per kilogram after four operations. A method was devised to disperse the dust in a room to produce dust levels similar to those encountered in a dusty mill (4.5-5.7 mg/m3). Twelve normal volunteers from the managerial staff of the linen industry of Northern Ireland inhaled the dust over six hour periods. With the untreated flax decreases were obtained in mean forced expiratory measurements of 7.6% in FEV1 and 4.5% in FVC (p less than 0.01). A double blind crossover comparison of similar levels of untreated and steamed flax dusts showed 30% less impairment of the forced expirations with steamed than with untreated flax (p less than 0.05). If these responses reflect the long term airway effects of flax dust then the steaming of flax may help in reducing byssinosis.