tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary collateral flow following acute coronary occlusion: a diastolic phenomenon
Authors: B. G. BROWN, W. D. GUNDEL, V. L. GOTT, J. W. COVELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Coronary collateral flow following acute coronary occlusion: a diastolic phenomenon Get access B. GREG BROWN, B. GREG BROWN 2 From the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037 and The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 2Present address: Section Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WALTER D. GUNDEL, WALTER D. GUNDEL From the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037 and The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VINCENT L. GOTT, VINCENT L. GOTT From the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037 and The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES W. COVELL JAMES W. COVELL From the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037 and The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 5, September 1974, Pages 621–631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.5.621 Published: 01 September 1974
Restoration by insulin of impaired prostaglandin E1/I2 receptor activity of platelets in acute ischemic heart disease.
Authors: N N Kahn, H S Mueller, A K Sinha
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Treatment of normal platelet-rich plasma with a physiological amount of insulin (100 microunits/ml, optimum concentration) for 3 hours at 23 degrees C stimulated the binding of prostaglandin E1 by more than twofold (3,940 +/- 250 sites/10(8) platelets) compared with the nontreated, control platelet-rich plasma (1,590 +/- 265 sites/10(8) platelets). After platelet-rich plasma from patients with acute ischemic heart disease (n = 43), whose platelets showed impaired prostaglandin E1/I2 receptor activity (850 +/- 100 sites/10(8) platelets), was incubated with insulin (optimum amounts varied from 100 to 200 microunits/ml), the binding of the prostanoid was restored to normal levels (1,790 +/- 140 sites/10(8) platelets) in 75% of the cases. Twenty-five percent of the patients did not respond to the stimulatory effect of insulin. The increased binding of the prostanoid to the insulin-treated platelets also resulted in increased cyclic AMP levels both in normal subjects (44.14 +/- 3.1 pmol/10(8) [insulin-treated] platelets versus 16.35 +/- 2.91 pmol/10(8) [control] platelets) and in patients with acute ischemic heart disease (23.87 +/- 4.1 pmol/10(8) [insulin-treated] platelets versus 7.70 +/- 2.0 pmol/10(8) [control] platelets) by the prostanoid (1.0 microM). The treatment of platelet-rich plasma with the hormone decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration of the prostanoid from 34 +/- 14 to 15 +/- 9 nM (p less than 0.001) in the case of normal volunteers and from 49 +/- 15 to 32 +/- 11 nM (p = 0.002) in the case of "responder" patients. Insulin did not produce any effect on the inhibition of platelet aggregation by the prostaglandin in "nonresponder" patients. In the follow-up study, although the stimulatory effects of insulin on platelets from responder patients were improved to normal levels, the platelets from the nonresponder patients remained persistently unresponsive to the effect of the hormone.
Acetylcysteine and Nephrotoxic Effects of Radiographic Contrast Agents — A New Use for an Old Drug
Authors: Robert Safirstein, Lúcia Andrade, José M. Vieira
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Nephrotoxicity of radiographic contrast agents is an important cause of acute renal failure even when measures are taken to reduce these toxic effects. Such toxic effects prolong hospital stays, add to the cost of medical care, and can be fatal. The incidence of radiographic-contrast-agent–induced acute renal failure, currently estimated to be as high as 50 percent among patients with diabetes mellitus and preexisting renal disease who receive contrast agents, is likely to remain high as the use of invasive radiologic procedures to diagnose and treat complex disease continues to grow.Prevention or mitigation of renal failure after the administration of . . .
Large-bowel surgery, 1979: self-assessment.
Authors: N A Matheson, D Valerio
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Evidence of wide variability in the immediate results of large-bowel surgery stimulated self-assessment during 1979. The hazards of large-bowel surgery can usually be avoided by good bowel preparation, sound anastomotic technique, primary resection in large bowel emergencies, avoidance of anastomosis when hazardous, and antibiotic lavage for extant or potential peritoneal and wound contamination.
MUTATION FORMS OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS
Authors: H. C. SWEANY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

My attention was first directed to this subject during the course of experimentation on the effect of "Sanocrysin" on the tubercle bacillus.<sup>1</sup>It was observed that, after a certain time of exposure of apparently pure cultures of tubercle bacilli, various forms of organisms appeared that resembled the tubercle bacillus except they were not acid fast. Furthermore, these organisms were gram negative, motile and grew rapidly. An injection into guinea-pigs caused a peculiar type of pathologic change, that will be reported later.<sup>2</sup>At first, these organisms were discarded as ordinary contaminations and the work was repeated, other cultures being used, but with the same results. We observed further that besides the "gold" treatment (which consists in suspending a 5 per cent emulsion of bacilli in 1:2,000 "Sanocrysin"), there were other ways of bringing about the same result. One was to grind the organisms in a ball mill for from
Future Directions in AMA Programming
Authors: James H. Sammons
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"FUTURE Directions and Resource Needs of the AMA, 1985-1987," a Board of Trustees report adopted by the House of Delegates in June 1984, targeted seven general areas for increased emphasis in this period of rapid change in medicine's environment.<sup>1</sup> Action in some of these areas began last year, and new initiatives are under way or being planned in all seven areas for 1985. It is my hope that these major activities will not only prepare the Association for the challenges of the future but will also, and more importantly, position the AMA to play a key role in determining what the future of medicine will be. The Association has a well-established process for monitoring environmental trends, assessing future policy needs, and designing projects to fit these trends and meet these needs. Fortunately, the AMA also has the strong financial base necessary to support this intensified activity. The seven general
Authors' reply to Labos and Brophy, Kerr, Hill, Hettinga, Sundar, and Bonneux
Authors: K. Michaelsson, L. Byberg
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We thank all authors for their views on our article and would like to clarify some points.1

Labos and Brophy suggest that our results are a consequence of reverse causation.2 We discussed this possibility in our article. Our analyses found no association between higher milk consumption and a family history of osteoporotic fracture. Moreover, in women, we examined whether a fracture or a diagnosis of a disease captured by Charlson’s comorbidity index between the first food frequency questionnaire and the second influenced the reporting of dairy products. We found no such indication. Interaction analysis by sex would not be meaningful given the different study designs of the male and female cohorts. In addition, our response to Bonneux below provides explanations for sex differences in our study.

In response to Kerr, few people in Sweden use raw milk because pasteurisation of commercially sold milk has been mandatory since 1937.3 We could therefore not compare risk estimates for raw and pasteurised milk. The fat content of milk did not seem to explain our associations. In fact, we found higher rates of mortality with low fat …
Transplacental Transmission of Pemphigus
Authors: Nathan Wasserstrum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In a pregnancy complicated by maternal pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus IgG was found both in the fetal circulation and fixed to fetal epidermis in the characteristic intercellular distribution. Light microscopic examination of fetal skin was diagnostic of PV. These findings indicated transplacental transmission of PV. They also strongly support the pathogenic role of PV antibodies and the concept of PV as a tissue-specific autoimmune disease. The occurrence of intrauterine death despite careful antepartum surveillance underscores the management problems encountered when pemphigus coexists with pregnancy.
c-myc gene inactivation during induced maturation of HL-60 cells. Transcriptional repression and loss of a specific DNAse I hypersensitive site.
Authors: K A High, C A Stolle, J W Schneider, W Hu, E J Benz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The c-myc proto-oncogene is amplified and expressed at high levels in HL-60 cells, a cell line derived from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Upon induction to terminal maturation, expression of c-myc is greatly reduced. We have studied the level of gene expression at which the change in c-myc expression is controlled and the changes in chromatin configuration that accompany the repression of myc expression. We report here that the repression of myc expression with induced maturation is controlled at the level of transcription, and that reduced expression is accompanied by the loss of a single DNAse I hypersensitive site 0.9 kilobase pair upstream from the gene.
Effect of Acute Experimental Aortic Stenosis on Coronary Circulation
Authors: Marvin R. Blumenthal, Hsueh-Hwa Wang, S. C. Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Acute experimental aortic stenosis was produced by a special instrument in dogs anesthetized with morphine and chloralose. The effect of aortic stenosis was compared to aortic constriction distal to the coronary ostia in 45 matched runs in 12 dogs. In 10 pairs of matched runs in eight dogs, coronary oxygen A-V difference was measured. The runs were matched as to duration, heart rate, and rise in left intraventricular systolic pressure. With the increase in left intraventricular systolic pressure, the mean arterial blood pressure did not change significantly, and the left ventricular output either remained the same or decreased only slightly. The coronary sinus outflow increased in all runs of aortic stenosis as well as in aortic constriction. The coronary oxygen A-V difference tended to increase in aortic stenosis and to decrease in aortic constriction. The rise in coronary blood flow in aortic stenosis was due to vasodilatation alone, since the perfusion pressure remained the same and there was an increase in extravascular compression; in aortic constriction, the increased coronary blood flow was best explained by increased coronary perfusion pressure.
Impaired neutrophil maturation in truncated murine G-CSF receptor–transgenic mice
Authors: Tetsuo Mitsui, Sumiko Watanabe, Yoshihiro Taniguchi, Sachiyo Hanada, Yasuhiro Ebihara, Takeshi Sato, Toshio Heike, Masao Mitsuyama, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Kohichiro Tsuji
Journal: Blood (2003)
Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study
Authors: Allen J Wilcox, Rolv Terje Lie, Kari Solvoll, Jack Taylor, D Robert McConnaughey, Frank Åbyholm, Hallvard Vindenes, Stein Emil Vollset, Christian A Drevon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To explore the role of folic acid supplements, dietary folates, and multivitamins in the prevention of facial clefts. Design National population based case-control study. Setting Infants born 1996-2001 in Norway. Participants 377 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate; 196 infants with cleft palate alone; 763 controls. Main outcome measures Association of facial clefts with maternal intake of folic acid supplements, multivitamins, and folates in diet. Results Folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy (≥400 µg/day) was associated with a reduced risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate after adjustment for multivitamins, smoking, and other potential confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.96). Independent of supplements, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and other high folate containing foods reduced the risk somewhat (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 0.50 to 1.11). The lowest risk of cleft lip was among women with folate rich diets who also took folic acid supplements and multivitamins (0.36, 0.17 to 0.77). Folic acid provided no protection against cleft palate alone (1.07, 0.56 to 2.03). Conclusions Folic acid supplements during early pregnancy seem to reduce the risk of isolated cleft lip (with or without cleft palate) by about a third. Other vitamins and dietary factors may provide additional benefit.
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, A. A. Di Somma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

With the view of making new types of chemicals accessible for investigations on drug hypersensitiveness, methods have been devised for sensitizing animals with diazomethane and mustard oil, two non-aromatic compounds. Guinea pigs have been sensitized to diazomethane, a substance of high reactivity and known to cause severe allergic effects in man. With the second substance, allylisothiocyanate, likewise capable of forming conjugates with substances in the animal body, sensitization effects have been obtained in man and in hogs. Sensitization in human beings was successful with one out of six individuals treated. The observations indicate species and individual differences as regards the ability to become sensitized to various chemical compounds.
Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction and Diffuse Hepatic Uptake on Lower Extremity Radionuclide Venogram
Authors: USHA A. JOSEPH, SATISH G. JHINGRAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Two patients with dissimilar but advanced malignancies and lower extremity swelling underwent bilateral lower extremity radionuclide venograms, several months apart. Both patients' scintigrams showed multiple collaterals in the abdomen and pelvis, consistent with inferior vena cava obstruction, and hepatic uptake in a diffuse pattern. One patient also had multiple bilateral pulmonary emboli on a lung scan. Although diffuse hepatic uptake has been mentioned before with inferior vena cava obstruction, it has usually been incidental to focal hepatic uptake near the porta hepatis. The case results in this study demonstrated that inferior vena cava obstruction can manifest itself solely as diffuse hepatic uptake on nuclear venograms. The authors believe that either pattern can be corroborative of inferior vena cava obstruction on a nuclear venogram.
Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy–treated immunologic nonresponders
Authors: Stefania Piconi, Serena Parisotto, Giuliano Rizzardini, Simone Passerini, Roberta Terzi, Barbara Argenteri, Paola Meraviglia, Amedeo Capetti, Mara Biasin, Daria Trabattoni, Mario Clerici
Journal: Blood (2011)
Aluminum posttranscriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis: A role for the calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Ignacio Gonzelez-Suerez, Daniel ÁLvarez-Hernendez, Natalia Carrillo-Lepez, Manuel Naves-Deaz, Jose Luis Fernendez-Marten, Jorge B. Cannata-Andea
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Primary Care vs Specialist Sleep Center Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life
Authors: Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Nick A. Antic, L. Sharn Rowland, Richard L. Reed, Adrian Esterman, Peter G. Catcheside, Simon Eckermann, Norman Vowles, Helena Williams, Sandra Dunn, R. Doug McEvoy
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Due to increasing demand for sleep services, there has been growing interest in ambulatory models of care for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. With appropriate training and simplified management tools, primary care physicians are ideally positioned to take on a greater role in diagnosis and treatment.<h3>Objective</h3>To compare the clinical efficacy and within-trial costs of a simplified model of diagnosis and care in primary care relative to that in specialist sleep centers.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>A randomized, controlled, noninferiority study involving 155 patients with obstructive sleep apnea that was treated at primary care practices (n=81) in metropolitan Adelaide, 3 rural regions of South Australia or at a university hospital sleep medicine center in Adelaide, Australia (n = 74), between September 2008 and June 2010.<h3>Interventions</h3>Primary care management of obstructive sleep apnea vs usual care in a specialist sleep center; both plans included continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement splints, or conservative measures only.<h3>Main Outcome and Measures</h3>The primary outcome was 6-month change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, which ranges from 0 (no daytime sleepiness) to 24 points (high level of daytime sleepiness). The noninferiority margin was −2.0. Secondary outcomes included disease-specific and general quality of life measures, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, adherence to using continuous positive airway pressure, patient satisfaction, and health care costs.<h3>Results</h3>There were significant improvements in ESS scores from baseline to 6 months in both groups. In the primary care group, the mean baseline score of 12.8 decreased to 7.0 at 6 months (P &lt; .001), and in the specialist group, the score decreased from a mean of 12.5 to 7.0 (P &lt; .001). Primary care management was noninferior to specialist management with a mean change in ESS score of 5.8 vs 5.4 (adjusted difference, −0.13; lower bound of 1-sided 95% CI, −1.5; P = .43). There were no differences in secondary outcome measures between groups. Seventeen patients (21%) withdrew from the study in the primary care group vs 6 patients (8%) in the specialist group.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Among patients with obstructive sleep apnea, treatment under a primary care model compared with a specialist model did not result in worse sleepiness scores, suggesting that the 2 treatment modes may be comparable.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12608000514303
Phenotypic Expression of Disease in Families That Have Mutations in the 5′ Region of the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene
Authors: Francis M. Giardiello, Jill D. Brensinger, Michael C. Luce, Gloria M. Petersen, Matthew C. Cayouette, Anne J. Krush, Judith A. Bacon, Susan V. Booker, Jose A. Bufill, Stanley R. Hamilton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Germline mutation in a gene on chromosome 5 (the adenomatous polyposis coli gene) causes familial adenomatous polyposis of the colorectum. Phenotypic manifestations of this condition vary, but the exact relation of the phenotype to the mutation site along the gene has not been fully described. Objective: To determine how the location of mutations along a gene that is associated with multiple colorectal polyps (the adenomatous polyposis coli gene) is related to the phenotypic expression of the syndrome in families. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Polyposis registry. Patients: 20 patients from 7 families that had mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene that were located toward the 5′ end of codon 158 (proximal 5′ families), were compared with 52 patients from 7 families that had mutations downstream from codon 158, in codons 179 to 625 (distal 5′ families). Measurements: Sex, age at diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis, number of polyps at first examination of the colon, distribution of polyps, age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and location of colorectal cancer. Results: Mutations that were proximal to codon 158 were found in 7 of 112 families (6%). At the first examination of the colon, 8 of 17 (47%) patients in proximal 5′ families and 9 of 48 (19%) patients of similar ages in distal 5′ families were found to have fewer than 100 adenomas (P = 0.029). The distribution of polyps was frequently right-sided in patients in proximal 5′ families (P = 0.001). The cumulative probability of survival without colorectal cancer was greater for patients in proximal 5′ families (P = 0.041). Conclusions: Families with adenomatous polyposis that have proximal 5′ mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene are more likely to have a heterogeneous phenotype with delayed development of colonic polyposis and colorectal cancer than are families with distal 5′ mutations of the gene. Management should include genotyping of patients who are at risk, colonoscopic surveillance of genotypically positive persons, and prophylactic colectomy if several adenomas are found.
Parents' meetings in two neonatal units: a way of increasing support for parents.
Authors: J Dammers, V Harpin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

For a combined total of three years meetings have been held regularly on two neonatal units for parents with infants requiring neonatal intensive care. These meetings give parents an opportunity to meet each other and members of staff in an informal atmosphere in the hope that mutual support will be gained. Initial assessment shows that the parents gain confidence in their ability to look after such small babies. The staff have gained a greater insight into the parents' anxieties and problems and changes have been made in the procedures on these units. If new insight is to result in changes that benefit the parents their views must be made known and taken into account when policy decisions are made.