tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological correlates of increased serum tumor necrosis factor in patients with congestive heart failure. Relation to nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in the forearm circulation.
Authors: S D Katz, R Rao, J W Berman, M Schwarz, L Demopoulos, R Bijou, T H LeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), which we and others have shown to be elevated in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), is involved in the regulation of nitric oxide metabolism. Whether increased concentrations of TNF alpha affect nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in patients with CHF has not been studied previously. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum concentrations of TNF alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined in venous blood (pg/mL) from 17 patients with stable New York Heart Association classes II and III CHF (mean age, 58 +/- 11 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 19.5 +/- 7.3) and 17 age-matched normal subjects with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (detection limit of assays, 20 pg/mL). Forearm blood flows were determined with plethysmography (mL/min per 100 mL) in 17 patients and 7 normal subjects in response to brachial artery administration of graded concentrations of acetylcholine (10(-6) mol/L and 10(-5) mol/L) and nitroglycerin (10(-7) mol/L and 10(-6) mol/L). Serum concentrations of TNF alpha were above the detection limits of the assay in 10 of 17 patients with CHF (mean serum concentration, 39.4 +/- 3.8 pg/mL). Forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin were significantly greater in these 10 patients than in the 7 patients without detectable serum TNF alpha and were closely correlated with TNF alpha serum concentrations (r &gt; or = .81, P &lt; .01 and r &gt; or = .65, P &lt; .05 respectively). In 1 of 17 normal subjects, the serum concentration of TNF alpha was just above the detection limit of the assay. Serum concentrations of IL-2 were above the detection limit of the assay in 14 of 17 patients with CHF (mean serum concentration, 112 +/- 19 pg/mL). IL-2 was not detected in the serum of normal subjects. Serum concentrations of IL-1 and IL-6 were below the detection limit of the assays in all patients and normal subjects assayed. CONCLUSIONS Increased TNF alpha concentrations are closely correlated with forearm blood flow responses to regional administration of acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. The significant correlation between serum concentrations of TNF alpha and forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin suggests that both the inducible and the constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase are involved in the regulation of peripheral vasomotor tone in patients with CHF.
To the Professions of Medicine and Pharmacy, and the Medical and Pharmaceutical Colleges of the United States and Canada.
Authors: Fred. Hoffmann
Journal: JAMA (1890)

At the last meeting of the<i>American Association for the Advancement of Science</i>, held at Toronto, Canada, September, 1889, the undersigned were appointed a committee to promote the use of the metric system of weights and measures among professional men, and especially to secure its more general adoption by the physicians and pharmacists, and the chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturers of our country. The metric weights and measures were legalized in this country by Congress in 1866, and are now in actual use by most students of natural history, by some scientific periodicals, by the graduates of our schools of civil and mining engineering, and especially by all scientists and chemists throughout the world, without regard to their mother tongue. It is nevertheless greatly to be regretted, that a large majority of our physicians, pharmacists and druggists, still continue to ignore its merits or discountenance its adoption. The merits of the
Protective effect of drugs on histamine-induced asthma.
Authors: D W Cockcroft, D N Killian, J J Mellon, F E Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Controlled standardised histamine inhalation tests were carried out in 21 asthmatics to determine the degree of non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity with and without prior treatment with several anti-asthmatic drugs. A significant protective effect was produced by inhaled salbutamol, 200 microgram, ingested salbutamol, 4 mg, inhaled Sch1000, 40 microgram inhaled atropine sulphate, 290 microgram, and ingested choline theophylinate (200 or 400 mg) producing serum theophylline levels over 10 mg/l. Inhaled salbutamol was consistently the most effective and was significantly better than the other drugs. The protective effect between the other four was not significantly different. Drug side-effects occurred only with the ingested drugs. No significant protection was detected after ingested choline theophyllinate producing serum theophylline levels of less than 10 mg/l, inhaled sodium cromoglycate, 20 mg given once or six-hourly for one week, or ingested ascorbic acid, 1 gram.
Bioavailability of inorganic arsenic from bog ore-containing soil in the dog.
Authors: K Groen, H A Vaessen, J J Kliest, J L de Boer, T van Ooik, A Timmerman, R F Vlug
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In some parts of The Netherlands, bog ore-containing soils predominate, which have natural arsenic levels that exceed, by a factor of 10, existing standards for maximum allowable levels of inorganic arsenic in soil. These standards are based on the assumption that in humans the bioavailability of arsenic from ingested soil is equal to that from an aqueous solution. In view of the regulatory problem that the arsenic levels of these soils present, we questioned the validity of this assumption. To obtain a more realistic estimate, the bioavailability of inorganic arsenic from soil in a suitable animal model was studied. In this report, a study performed in six dogs in a two-way cross-over design is presented. The dogs received orally, in random order, arsenic both as an intravenous solution and as arsenic-containing soil. During a 120-hr period after administration urine was collected in 24-hr fractions. Levels of arsenic were determined using a method of wet digestion, isolation and complexation of arsine, followed by molecule absorption spectrometry. Within 120 hr after intravenous administration, 88 +/- 16% of the dose was excreted renally. After oral administration of arsenic-containing soil, only 7.0 +/- 1.5% was excreted renally. From the urinary excretion data for these two routes of administration, the calculated bioavailability of inorganic arsenic from soil was 8.3 +/- 2.0%. The results from this study demonstrate the need to reconsider the present risk assessment for arsenic in soil.
Morphological onset and early diagnosis in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a long term analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jun-Ichi Suzuki, Ryoichi Shimamoto, Jun-Ichi Nishikawa, Tadashi Yamazaki, Taeko Tsuji, Fumitaka Nakamura, Wee Soo Shin, Toshiaki Nakajima, Teruhiko Toyo-Oka, Kuni Ohotomo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
229 Effect of early feeding of soy (SF), extensively-hydrolyzed casein (EHCF), and partially-hydrolyzed whey (PHWF) formula on the development of allergic manifestations in children during the second year of life
Authors: M PORCH, A SHAHANE, R ELSTON, L LEIVA, R SORENSEN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation
Authors: Alan R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This monumental book overflows with wisdom. Richard Doty's historical perspective enlightens us as to the prevalence and meaning of perfumes in ancient societies. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to "make an altar to burn incense upon." Examples of the divine nature of odors abound in Greek mythology wherein the invention of perfume is ascribed to "the Immortal." In sixth-century BC Athens, perfume was used so extensively that laws were passed restricting its use. In Christian history "good" and "bad" smells symbolize the holy and unholy. In 16th-century Europe, unpleasant stenches were used to identify witches and warlocks and the pleasant "odor of sanctity" to identify saints. And the use of aluminum as an antiperspirant predated Right-Guard by about two millennia. Johnnye L. Lewis and Alan R. Dahl highlight the nose-brain barrier and the importance of nasal xenobiotic metabolism. Donald C. Lanza and Dean M. Clerico reveal fascinating
TXNIP Maintains the Hematopoietic Cell Pool by Switching the Function of p53 under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Haiyoung Jung, Mi Jeong Kim, Dong Oh Kim, Won Sam Kim, Sung-Jin Yoon, Young-Jun Park, Suk Ran Yoon, Tae-Don Kim, Hyun-Woo Suh, Sohyun Yun, Jeong-Ki Min, Hee Gu Lee, Young Ho Lee, Hee-Jun Na, Dong Chul Lee, Hyoung-Chin Kim, Inpyo Choi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome): a minocycline-responsive dermatosis without evidence for yeast in pathogenesis. A study of 39 patients and a proposal of diagnostic criteria
Authors: M.D.P. Davis, R.H. Weenig, M.J. Camilleri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis (CRP) (Gougerot–Carteaud syndrome) is a disorder that has been characterized in only small cohorts of patients. Objectives Better to characterize the clinical and pathological findings of the disorder. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentation, response to treatment and histological findings of patients presenting to Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, U.S.A.) with CRP. Results The disorder was diagnosed in 39 patients between 1972 and 2003. Mean age at onset of the skin eruption was 15 years (range 8–32); 21 patients (54%) were male; most were white; most (33) presented for reasons of cosmesis; and eight described the rash as mildly pruritic. At presentation, the skin eruption had been present for a mean of 3·1 years (range 3 months−20 years) and had been recalcitrant to treatment, including antifungal treatment. Typical objective findings were scaling brown macules and patches and velvety papules and plaques, reticulated and papillomatous at least in part, involving the upper trunk, axillae and neck. The most frequent initial diagnostic impressions were tinea versicolor, acanthosis nigricans and CRP. Scales in 32 cases were examined with potassium hydroxide: eight (25%) showed hyphae, and 24 (75%) did not. Skin biopsy specimens from 21 patients showed variable degrees of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and papillomatosis. Minocycline was prescribed for 22 patients, of whom 14 of 18 (78%) had complete clearing of the skin eruption and four (22%) a partial response. The skin eruptions recurred after stopping treatment in six patients. Conclusions CRP occurs predominantly in young adults and teenagers, with cosmetically displeasing brown scaling patches and plaques affecting the neck, upper trunk and axillae. Frequently, the diagnosis is delayed and the disorder not recognized by physicians, including dermatologists. Clinically, the eruption is most often confused with tinea versicolor. Potassium hydroxide staining of the scale is negative in the majority of cases, implying that fungi are not involved in the pathogenesis of this condition, as has been previously proposed. It is important to recognize this disorder, because minocycline therapy is highly effective in most patients. Criteria for the diagnosis are proposed.
AN ALBUMIN TESTER FOR URINE.
Authors: John W. Oneill
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypophosphatasia and the Role of Alkaline Phosphatase in Skeletal Mineralization*
Authors: MICHAEL P. WHYTE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

THIS year marks the 70th anniversary of the discovery of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (1). For the greater part of the past seven decades there has been universal appreciation by physicians of the important clinical insight that comes from measuring ALP activity in serum to detect and follow the course of hepatobiliary and skeletal disease (2). Since the 1930s, quantification of ALP activity has been a routine test in the hospital laboratory and it is likely the most frequently performed enzyme assay (1). Nevertheless, the physiological function of this protein that is ubiquitous in nature remains unclear (1, 3–5). As reviewed here, however, recent molecular studies of hypophosphatasia, a rare heritable form of rickets, have confirmed the long-held notion that ALP has a significant role in skeletal mineralization in humans. How ALP acts was clarified by the discoveries that several phosphocompound substrates for tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) accumulate endogenously in this inborn error of metabolism.
Experiments of Nature in Immunobiology
Authors: Robert A. Good
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

AN extraordinary interplay between clinic and laboratory, as reflected in the article by Kretschmer and his colleagues in this issue, has led to exciting new understanding of relations between structure and function within the lymphoid system. Studies originating in the natural experiments represented by Bruton's discovery of agammaglobulinemia, and the association of thymoma with immunologic deficiency, led to laboratory investigations culminating in the discovery that the thymus has a key role in developmental immunobiology. Critical studies in rats by Jankovic, Waksman and Arnason1 and what was then the perplexing finding of Warner et al.2 in chickens suggested that certain immunologic . . .
Perfusion With Diluted Blood in Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jens G. Rosenkrantz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Since May 1962, hemodilution has been routinely employed for cardiopulmonary bypass at the Colorado General Hospital. The clinical results of these techniques, as applied to 95 patients with congenital heart disease, show that 83 of these patients survived the operative procedure. Priming of a disposable bubble-oxygenator was accomplished with 5% dextrose and 0.11% saline or a mixture of this diluent in homologous blood. Postoperative complications among the survivors were late postoperative anemia, hyponatremia, and unexplained fever. These complications were frequent, but rarely serious. Blood replacement during the operative procedure averaged 20.9 ml/kg per patient. Postoperative blood loss averaged 10.1 ml/kg per patient. It is concluded from this experience that, at this institution, hemodilution offers a safe technique for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with congenital heart disease.
The American Physician and His Opportunities for Increased Service through Public Health
Authors: James Stevens Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE 160,000,000 people of this country look to the medical profession for leadership in public health. John Doe looks to his family doctor not only for medical care but for guidance in all matters pertaining to the health of his family and his community. Therefore, the American physician occupies a unique position of trust and of responsibility for public health in the United States. In view of the present threat of world war, there has never been a time when the services of the physician in this field were more urgently needed by the nation.Almost a generation ago one . . .
Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Care Costs in Severe, Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Francis Creed
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may lead to considerable impairment of health-related quality of life and high health care costs. It is not clear whether these poor outcomes directly result from severe bowel symptoms or reflect a coexisting psychiatric disorder. Objective: To determine whether bowel symptom severity and psychological symptoms directly influence health-related quality of life and health care costs. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Secondary and tertiary gastroenterology clinics. Patients: 257 patients with severe IBS who did not respond to usual treatments and were recruited for a trial of psychological treatment. Measurements: Predictors were abdominal pain, entries in a diary of 10 IBS symptoms, and measures of psychological symptoms. Outcomes were inability to work, health-related quality of life (measured by Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item short-form questionnaire [SF-36] physical component summary scores), and health care and productivity costs. Predictor and outcome measures were compared by using multiple regression and logistic regression analyses. Results: Abdominal pain occurred on average 24 days per month and activities were restricted on 145 days of the previous 12 months. The mean (±SD) Hamilton depression score was 11.3 ± 6.1. The SF-36 physical component summary score was low (37.7 ± 10.6), and the patients had incurred high health care costs ($1743 ± $2263) over the previous year. Global severity and somatization scores on the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised, abdominal pain, and Hamilton depression scores independently contributed to the physical component score of the SF-36 (adjusted R 2 = 35.2%), but only psychological scores were associated with disability due to ill health. These variables did not accurately predict health care or other costs (adjusted R 2 = 9.3%). History of sexual abuse was not an independent predictor of outcome. Conclusions: Both abdominal and psychological symptoms are independently associated with impaired health-related quality of life in patients with severe IBS. Optimal treatment is likely to require a holistic approach. Since health care and loss of productivity costs are not clearly associated with these symptoms, alleviation of them will not necessarily lead to reduced costs.
A COMPARISON OF INFLAMMATION AND TUMOUR FORMATION
Authors: C. F. M. Saint
Journal: BMJ (1914)

TUMOUR FORMATION.tAPRIL I8, 19I4 She was admlitted to the hospital on Janiuary 22nd, and during her stay of a little over two days her temii.perature (rectal) never reachled more tlhan 97.40, the heart-rate was (?) 40, 40, 60, 52, 50, 48, (?) 40, and 40 on the occasions on which it was coLnted, and the respirationrate on the same occasions was (?) 12, 12, 16, 9, 10, (?) 16, and 10.She was well developed and well nourishecl, almost completely unconsciouLs, lay culrled up in bed, and resisted all attempts to move lier limbs.The breathing, thouLglh slow, did not show any periodicity.A faint tache c6r6brale was elicited.Kernig's sign was obtain- able on botlh sides; attempts to flex the neck did lnot provoke pain so far as cotuld be told in her semiconscious state.The puLpils did not contract briskly to light, and dilated and contracted in slow hippus without apparent cause; the conjunctiva was insensitive or almost so.
Polio Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Max Bader
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Vaccination and Disease Prevention for Adults" (1982; 248:1607), Goodman et al note in the Table that<i>inactivated</i>poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is contraindicated during pregnancy on theoretical grounds. I question use of that rather standard phraseology with regard to either IPV or the oral live-virus vaccine (OPV). During the mid-1950s, when IPV first became available, among those with highest priority for immunization were pregnant women. They were not noted to suffer untoward effects nor did their offspring suffer birth defects. In the case of OPV, it is well known that the vaccine virus often spreads to other family members after being given to children within the family. Consequently, many susceptible pregnant mothers have been "immunized" along with their children. There is no evidence that they or their pregnancy outcomes have been adversely affected as a result. In short, I see no reason to withhold either IPV or
The RHD gene is highly detectable in RhD-negative Japanese donors.
Authors: H Okuda, M Kawano, S Iwamoto, M Tanaka, T Seno, Y Okubo, E Kajii
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Recent molecular studies on the Rh blood group system have shown that the Rh locus of each haploid RhD-positive chromosome is composed of two structural genes: RHD and RHCE, whereas the locus is made of a single gene (RHCE) on each haploid RhD-negative chromosome. We analyzed the presence or absence of the RHD gene in 130 Japanese RhD-negative donors using the PCR method. The RhD-negative phenotypes consisted of 34 ccEe, 27 ccee, 17 ccEE, 26 Ccee, 19 CcEe, 1 CcEE, and 6 CCee. Among them, 36 (27.7%) donors demonstrated the presence of the RHD gene. Others showed gross or partial deletions of the RHD gene. These results were confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Additionally, the RHD gene detected in the RhD-negative donors seemed to be intact through sequencing of the RhD polypeptide cDNA and the promoter region of RHD gene. The phenotypes of these donors with the RHD gene were CC or Cc, but not cc. It suggested that there is some relationship between the RHD gene and the RhC phenotypes in RhD-negative individuals. In Caucasian RhD-negative individuals, the RHD gene has not been found outside of the report of Hyland et al. (Hyland, C.A., L.C. Wolter, and A. Saul. 1994. Blood. 84:321-324). The discrepant data on the RHD gene in RhD-negative donors between Japanese and Caucasians appear to be derived from the difference of the frequency of RhD-negative and RhC-positive phenotypes. Careful attention is necessary for clinicians in applying RhD genotyping to clinical medicine.
Decrease of ex vivo expression of costimulation molecules during virus-induced asthma exacerbations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatic children
Authors: A. Bossios, N.G. Papadopoulos, M. Xatzipsalti, E. Manousakis, F. Psarros, D. Gourgiotis, A. Constantopoulos, P. Saxoni-Papageorgiou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Effect of moderate exercise on the fibrinolytic system in normal young men and women.
Authors: J. D. Cash
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The value of drug treatment in angina pectoris can be accurately assessed by using reproducible treadmill exercise under controlled conditions.A "training" period to allow patients to become completely familiar with the test is of great importance, because during this period effort tolerance usually increases irrespective of drug therapy.The change in effort tolerance after pronethalol or propranolol, compared with placebo, was measured in 20 patients.A wide variation in response was obtained, but the mean improvement of 36% was highly significant (P<0.001).We wish to thank Dr. G. W. Hayward for permission to study patients under his care, and also the Department of Medical Illus- tration for preparing the figure.Part of this work was carried out while one of us (D.A.B.