tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mirror neurons, Broca's area and language: Reflecting on the evidence
Authors: Scott H. Johnson-Frey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

A premise of Corballis's theory is that speech arose when vocalization co-opted existing gestural functions in the left ventral premotor cortex. Yet, visuomotor functions in this region remain largely unchanged between humans and macaques and have no discernible connection to gestural communication. This functional continuity suggests that language production is not the result of modifying existing motor functions in this region.
Frank Edward Stafford Hatfield
Authors: E. Hatfield
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Chipping Ongar, Essex (b Jena, Germany, 1910; q Cambridge 1936; MA, DPM, MRCGP), d 17 November 2003.

After serving in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the second world war, Ted Hatfield and his wife, Sylvia, settled in Chipping Ongar, where they worked as family doctors for nearly 40 years. Ted Hatfield was interested in psychoanalysis and incorporated an understanding of psychosomatic problems into his work with patients. Later he became more interested in family dynamics and developed his own work as a marital therapist. Dr Hatfield spearheaded the drive to save Ongar War Memorial Hospital when it was threatened with closure in 1969. He leaves Sylvia; five children; and 14 grandchildren.
Cellular Graded Responses and Ventricular Vulnerability to Reentry by a Premature Stimulus in Isolated Canine Ventricle
Authors: Masamichi Gotoh, Takumi Uchida, William J. Mandel, Michael C. Fishbein, Peng-Sheng Chen, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The cellular mechanism by which a point strong premature stimulus (S 2 ) induces reentry is unknown. We hypothesized that cellular graded responses induced by an S 2 mediate and control tissue vulnerability to reentry. Methods and Results Reentry is induced in normal canine ventricular epicardial slices (30×38×2 mm, n=30) by an S 2 at intervals shorter than the effective refractory period. The S 1 is applied at the edge and the S 2 at the center of the tissue. The line connecting the S 1 -S 2 sites is parallel to the long axis of the fiber orientation. Isochronal activation maps were constructed with 56 to 480 bipolar electrodes, and the activation pattern was visualized dynamically. Reentry induced by an S 2 is mediated by the graded responses as follows: The induced graded responses propagate with decrement toward recovered cells. When the amplitude of the propagated depolarizing graded responses reaches threshold relative to the recovering cells, an action potential is initiated along the fiber 2 to 3 mm away from the cathode of the S 2 . The distally initiated activation wave front blocks near the S 2 site because the same S 2 -induced graded response prolongs the refractory period. The “broken” wave front then circulates around both sides of the block and reenters when the site of block recovers its excitability, completing the first figure-eight reentry cycle. Reentry cannot be induced when the S 2 strength is &gt;72±21 mA (upper limit of vulnerability) because these strong S 2 -induced graded responses convert the unidirectional block to bidirectional block by excess prolongation of the refractoriness. Conclusions We conclude that the magnitude and the propagation of S 2 -induced cellular graded responses mediate and control vulnerability to reentry in the ventricular epicardium.
Management of Tuberculosis-Reply
Authors: Morton I. Rapoport
Journal: JAMA (1976)

We agree with Dr Krevsky that caution should be exercised in dealing with the patient who will be discharged to an environment that includes young children or immunosuppressed patients. We disagree, however, with his contention that patients receiving effective antituberculous chemotherapy who have attained cough control and whose bacillary population is dropping are highly contagious. On the contrary, there is a sizeable body of clinical experience suggesting that tuberculosis patients are rendered noninfectious soon after beginning effective chemotherapy, regardless of their sputum positivity. In addition to the studies discussed and cited in our paper, Riley and Moodie 1 reported tuberculin conversion rates among household contacts of index cases who received their entire course of chemotherapy as outpatients. Twenty-three percent of contacts became infected during one or two months before the index case was identified, whereas none became infected after treatment of the index case was initiated.  Concern for the
2001: An American Health Care Odyssey
Authors: William R. Hazzard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 April 19972001: An American Health Care OdysseyWilliam R. Hazzard, MDWilliam R. Hazzard, MDWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It is 2001, the new century has dawned, and the dust is settling from the great American health care revolution of the 1990s.Six huge health care systems have survived to serve all but the fringe markets in remote rural areas: the United, American, Triangle, Northwest, Transcontinental, and U.S. health systems appear to be reasonably stable after the “merger mania” of the past 5 years. All but Transcontinental and U.S. were profitable in 2000 (these two lost more than $10 billion each, but none of the “big four” seems anxious to take over such losers with their high contract labor ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157Corresponding Author: William R. Hazzard, MD, The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1052.Corresponding Author: William R. Hazzard, MD, The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1052. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 658-659KeywordsForecastingHealth careHospitalsPatient advocacyPrimary carePrimary care physiciansRural areasSub-specialty careTaxesUrban areas ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Nasal Allergen Challenge on T cell signature in Peripheral Blood in Patients with Severe Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: M.H. Shamji, V. Bellido, G. Scadding, J.A. Leyhadi, M. Calderon, A. Togias, N. Tchao, M. Plaut, L. Turka, D. Phippard, S. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Molecular and immunological characterization of Asp f 34, a novel major cell wall allergen of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Authors: A. G. Glaser, A. I. Kirsch, S. Zeller, G. Menz, C. Rhyner, R. Crameri
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Although fungal spores have been recognized as triggers of respiratory allergy and asthma, only two allergenic fungal cell wall components have so far been described.Eighty-one sequences derived from an Aspergillus fumigatus cDNA library encoding putative allergens were examined for the presence of cell wall components. A new allergen (Asp f 34) was evaluated by Western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation assays, and skin prick test (SPT).The cDNA encoding Asp f 34 contained an open reading frame predicting a protein of 185 amino acids with a molecular weight of 19.38 kDa, showing sequence homology to phiA, an essential protein for the formation of conidia in the genus Aspergillus. The recombinant Asp f 34 was binding IgE from sensitized individuals in Western blots. An ELISA survey showed that 94% of the ABPA and 46% of the A. fumigatus-sensitized individuals tested had Asp f 34-specific serum IgE. Asp f 34 induced allergen-specific proliferation exclusively of PBMCs from patients sensitized to the allergen. Eight patients with anti-Asp f 34 serum IgE tested reacted positively in SPT, whereas four A. fumigatus-sensitized individuals without Asp f 34-specific IgE and eight healthy controls scored negatively.A cell wall protein of the phialides of A. fumigatus was identified as a major allergen. Asp f 34 belongs to the Aspergillus-specific proteins of the phiA family and has relevant potential for a specific diagnosis of Aspergillus sensitization.
Nonfixed duplication containing the Adh gene and a truncated form of the Adhr gene in the Drosophila funebris species group: different modes of evolution of Adh relative to Adhr in Drosophila
Authors: A. Amador, E. Juan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The sequence of the genomic region that contains the Adh and Adhr genes of Drosophila funebris was used to demonstrate that both genes are present in species of the funebris group. The sequence of this genomic region reveals a 2.9-kb tandem duplication which encompasses 1.6 kb of the 5' flanking region, the entire Adh gene, and two thirds of the first exon of the Adhr gene in D. funebris. This duplication is not fixed in this species since some strains do not carry the duplication. The Adh duplication has also been found in another species of the funebris group, Drosophila macrospina macrospina. The sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the Adh gene indicates a single promoter and shows stretches of high similarity with cis-acting elements responsible for the expression of Adh in Drosophila melanogaster. In confirmation of this indication, the larval and adult transcripts have the same length, which corresponds to the transcription from the promoter proximal to the coding region. The codon bias of the Adh gene of D. funebris is among the lowest reported for any Adh gene in the Drosophilidae species and is very similar to that of the Adhr gene. The Adhr gene evolves slightly faster than Adh at synonymous positions. At nonsynonymous positions, the Adh gene evolves 2.5 times faster than Adhr in the species pair D. funebris-Drosophila immigrans, while in other interspecific comparisons the average is about 1.25. However, in comparisons between some species within the melanogaster and obscura groups, Adh evolves at half the rate of Adhr. The phylogenetic trees constructed with the coding region of the Adh gene cluster D. funebris and D. immigrans and clearly separate them from the clade in which virilis, repleta, and Hawaiian species are grouped. Using the evolutionary synonymous rate estimated for Hawaiian species, the divergence time of D. funebris from the virilis-repleta-Hawaiian clade was estimated as 34.3 Myr, and the divergence time of D. funebris and D. immigrans was estimated as 23.5 Myr.
Relation Between Air-Filled Albumin Microbubble and Red Blood Cell Rheology in the Human Myocardium
Authors: Suad Ismail, Ananda R. Jayaweera, Gustavo Camarano, Lawrence W. Gimple, Eric R. Powers, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: Circulation (1996)

We have previously shown that the intravascular rheology of sonicated air-filled albumin microbubbles is similar to that of red blood cells (RBCs) and that their myocardial transit rate is also similar to that of RBCs in the beating canine heart. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the myocardial transit rates of these microbubbles reflect those of RBCs in humans at different coronary flow rates.RBC and microbubble transit rates were measured in 17 patients undergoing coronary angiography: in 8, measurements were made only at rest, whereas in 9, they were performed both at rest and during a pacing-induced increase in coronary blood flow. A gamma-variate function was used to derive mean RBC and microbubble transit rates from the time-activity and time-intensity plots after the left main injection of RBCs and microbubbles, respectively. There was linear correlation between the myocardial transit rates with both tracers with the slope of the correlation determined by the specific echocardiographic system that was used. Microbubble transit rate consistently overestimated RBC transit rate due to artificial narrowing of the time-intensity curves caused by chest wall attenuation of the echocardiographic signal, which was confirmed through in vitro experiments.There is close correlation between air-filled albumin microbubbles and RBC rheology in the human myocardium. The use of these microbubbles in the cardiac catheterization laboratory could, therefore, provide further insights into myocardial blood flow/myocardial blood volume relations in humans.
Antibodies and Disorders of Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Ronald A. Arky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A Courting CoupleIn the past two decades few biologic disciplines have influenced clinical medicine more profoundly than immunology. In the remote past, clinicians regarded the body's immune responses as entirely protective and certainly not harmful. Similarly, immunology dealt with problems in infectious diseases or perhaps rheumatologic disorders but certainly not with diseases of the neurologic, gastroenterologic, or pulmonary systems. As the intricacies of the human immunologic system unfold, the complex relation of immunology to all the other medical specialties is becoming evident. Even disorders of the endocrine and metabolic systems have fallen under the spell of the immunologists, their . . .
Blood lead and blood pressure: analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Canada.
Authors: L C Neri, D Hewitt, B Orser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Analysis of data collected during the Canada Health Survey of 1978-1979 indicated a positive relationship between blood lead and blood pressure, but so weak that the range of lead-related variation among members of the general public was estimated to be at most 3.0 mm Hg of diastolic pressure. Even so, a blood lead level in excess of the median value of 10 micrograms/dL entailed a 37% higher risk of having diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg. In a longitudinal study of lead foundry workers, an association was found between short-term changes in an individual's blood lead level and contemporary changes in diastolic pressure; this remained significant after allowance for age (or time) trends and for effects attributable to changes in body weight. Short-term changes in urinary cadmium levels were similarly predictive of diastolic pressure.
The pathogenesis of Alport syndrome involves type IV collagen molecules containing the α3(IV) chain: Evidence from anti-GBM nephritis after renal transplantation
Authors: Billy G. Hudson, Raghuram Kalluri, Sripad Gunwar, Manfred Weber, Fernando Ballester, Julie K. Hudson, Milton E. Noelken, Michael Sarras, Walter R. Richardson, Juan Saus, Dale R. Abrahamson, Alan D. Glick, Michael A. Haralson, J. Harold Helderman, William J. Stone, Harry R. Jacobson
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Assessment of Oral Allergy to Apple with Rat Basophil Leukemia (RBL) Cells Transfected with Human Fcɛ Receptor and Passively Sensitized with Sera from Apple- and Birch-Allergic Individuals
Authors: R. Bencharitiwong, A. Nowak-Wegrzyn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Immunology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Claudio Fiocchi
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book is the best text presently available for those seriously interested in the rapidly expanding field of gastrointestinal (GI) immunology. Human studies are emphasized, and current data and comprehensive references provided. The title precisely describes the focus, since there are no sections on liver immunology. The volume consists of two parts: the first contains three chapters describing certain basic mechanisms of immune responses; the second deals with clinical conditions where immunologically mediated phenomena may be involved in pathogenesis. Those with little background in basic immunology will have difficulty understanding the first three chapters. Part one would have served those readers better by including a review of basic concepts of organization of the general immune system. A picture describing the intestinal distribution, circulation, and homing patterns of immunocompetent cells would enhance comprehension of the relationships between intestinal and systemic immune events. Among the chapters dealing with clinical entities, particularly interesting
Treatment of long lesions in small tortuous coronary vessels with a new intravascular rigid-flex (NIR) stent
Authors: Yaron Almagor, Kobi Richter, Carlo DiMario, Akira Itoh, Lucia DiFrancesco, Massino Ferraro, Luigi Maiello, Simonetta Blengino, Martin B. Leon, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Bnip3L is induced by p53 under hypoxia, and its knockdown promotes tumor growth
Authors: Peiwen Fei, Wenge Wang, Seok-hyun Kim, Shulin Wang, Timothy F. Burns, Joanna K. Sax, Monica Buzzai, David T. Dicker, W.Gillies McKenna, Eric J. Bernhard, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase downregulation promotes colon carcinogenesis through STAT3-activated microRNAs
Authors: Emilie Degagné, Ashok Pandurangan, Padmavathi Bandhuvula, Ashok Kumar, Abeer Eltanawy, Meng Zhang, Yuko Yoshinaga, Mikhail Nefedov, Pieter J. de Jong, Loren G. Fong, Stephen G. Young, Robert Bittman, Yasmin Ahmedi, Julie D. Saba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Growing evidence supports a link between inflammation and cancer; however, mediators of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades the bioactive sphingolipid S1P and is highly expressed in enterocytes but downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we investigated the role of SPL in colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We generated mice with intestinal epithelium-specific Sgpl1 deletion and chemically induced colitis and tumor formation in these animals. Compared with control animals, mice lacking intestinal SPL exhibited greater disease activity, colon shortening, cytokine levels, S1P accumulation, tumors, STAT3 activation, STAT3-activated microRNAs (miRNAs), and suppression of miR-targeted anti-oncogene products. This phenotype was attenuated by STAT3 inhibition. In fibroblasts, silencing SPL promoted tumorigenic transformation through a pathway involving extracellular transport of S1P through S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), S1P receptor activation, JAK2/STAT3-dependent miR-181b-1 induction, and silencing of miR-181b-1 target cylindromatosis (CYLD). Colon biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease revealed enhanced S1P and STAT3 signaling. In mice with chemical-induced CAC, oral administration of plant-type sphingolipids called sphingadienes increased colonic SPL levels and reduced S1P levels, STAT3 signaling, cytokine levels, and tumorigenesis, indicating that SPL prevents transformation and carcinogenesis. Together, our results suggest that dietary sphingolipids can augment or prevent colon cancer, depending upon whether they are metabolized to S1P or promote S1P metabolism through the actions of SPL.
Acute Upper Airway Responses to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation during Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Alan R. Schwartz, Maree Barnes, David Hillman, Atul Malhotra, Eric Kezirian, Philip L. Smith, Thomas Hoegh, Daniel Parrish, Peter R. Eastwood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) recruits lingual muscles, reduces pharyngeal collapsibility, and treats sleep apnea.Objectives: We hypothesized that graded increases in HGNS relieve pharyngeal obstruction progressively during sleep.Methods: Responses were examined in 30 patients with sleep apnea who were implanted with an HGNS system. Current (milliampere) was increased stepwise during non-REM sleep. Frequency and pulse width were fixed. At each current level, stimulation was applied on alternating breaths, and responses in maximal inspiratory airflow (VImax) and inspiratory airflow limitation (IFL) were assessed. Pharyngeal responses to HGNS were characterized by the current levels at which VImax first increased and peaked (flow capture and peak flow thresholds), and by the VImax increase from flow capture to peak (ΔVImax).Measurements and Main Results: HGNS produced linear increases in VImax from unstimulated levels at flow capture to peak flow thresholds (215 ± 21 to 509 ± 37 ml/s; mean ± SE; P < 0.001) with increasing current from 1.05 ± 0.09 to 1.46 ± 0.11 mA. VImax increased in all patients and IFL was abolished in 57% of patients (non-IFL subgroup). In the non-IFL compared with IFL subgroup, the flow response slope was greater (1241 ± 199 vs. 674 ± 166 ml/s/mA; P < 0.05) and the stimulation amplitude at peak flow was lower (1.23 ± 0.10 vs. 1.80 ± 0.20 mA; P < 0.05) without differences in peak flow.Conclusions: HGNS produced marked dose-related increases in airflow without arousing patients from sleep. Increases in airflow were of sufficient magnitude to eliminate IFL in most patients and IFL and non-IFL subgroups achieved normal or near-normal levels of flow, suggesting potential HGNS efficacy across a broad range of sleep apnea severity.
An unusual case of organophosphate intoxication of a worker in a plastic bottle recycling plant: an important reminder.
Authors: C L Wang, H Y Chuang, C Y Chang, S T Liu, M T Wu, C K Ho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A young man was sent to our emergency unit because he had suffered from vomiting and cold sweating for 2 days. At the time he was admitted, he had no acute abdominal pains or gastrointestinal symptoms, and a physical examination revealed nothing but a faster heart rate and moist, flushing skin. The patient had worked for 6 years at a plastic bottle-recycling factory, but none of his co-workers had the same symptoms. Nevertheless, because the plant also recycled pesticide bottles, we suspected organophosphate pesticide intoxication. The patient's plasma acetylcholinesterase level was checked, revealing 1498.6 microU/L (normal range: 2,000-5, 000) on the first day and 1,379 microU/L on the second day. Upon questioning, the patient recalled that one of his shoe soles had been damaged and that his foot had been wet from walking all day in rain collected on the factory floor on the day that his symptoms first occurred. We conducted a study in the change of preshift and postshift acetylcholinesterase levels among six of his co-workers on a rainy day. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the preshift and postshift plasma acetylcholinesterase levels; no significant difference was revealed (p = 0.600), leaving contamination via the damaged shoe sole suspect. We reviewed the literature on organophosphate intoxication; pesticide bottle-recycling factories were reported to be at a low risk of organophosphate toxicity in the working environment. However, because the potential risk of intoxication is still present, protective equipment such as clothing, gloves, and water-proof shoes should be worn, and employees should be educated on the potential risks.