tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Speaking out for the right of women to choose
Authors: Benjamin Hope
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Dr Nafis Sadik, the executive director of the United Nations Population and Development Fund, recently addressed a British all party parliamentary group on population issues. She tells Benjamin Hope that, although much progress has been made, there is still some way to go

Dr Sadik is accomplished at making her point and sticking to it. This, she says, is a habit born in the bad old days when she was routinely ignored and patronised at international meetings. But such tenacity and focus are also essential for her job: her remit is to oversee global public health programmes with minimum concessions to cultural diversity.

In fact, the point she makes has changed little since the 1960s, when she first became active in public health while still practising as an obstetrician in Pakistan. Many of her patients were suffering because of premature, poorly managed pregnancies. Yet the same women were not free to take preventive measures. Dr Sadik could accept no justification, whether religious or cultural, for the unnecessarily high levels of abortion and maternal and infant mortality that she encountered. Now, speaking from within the United Nations and backed by a growing body …
Venous insufficiency is not the cause of leg ulcers in sickle cell disease
Authors: H. H. Billett, Y. Patel, S. P. Rivers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Leg ulcers are a well recognized complication of sickle cell disease that has been attributed to venous insufficiency. We studied 16 patients with sickle cell disease and active ulcers using venous pulse volume recordings and photoplethysmography (Doppler studies). Based on hemodynamic monitoring, all 16 patients exhibited rapid refilling times, findings that Imply venous Insufficiency but are also compatible with high‐output syndrome or arteriovenous shunting. Direct invasive venous pressure measurements of these patients demonstrated normal pressures in all of the four patients tested. A different set of four patients underwent venography, which also failed to demonstrate venous incompetence. We hypothesize that anemia results in an increase in peripheral arteriovenous shunting in the extremities and that this, together with the high‐output syndrome of sickle cell disease, produces plethysmography readings that may be confused with findings observed in venous insufficiency. We conclude that measurements of vascular stasis, as recorded by plethysmography, are usually misinterpreted in sickle cell disease. Normal manometric pressure readings and normal venographic studies suggest that venous insufficiency is not a primary factor in sickle cell leg ulcer formation.
Cellular Ions in NIDDM: Relation of Calcium to Hyperglycemia and Cardiac Mass
Authors: Mario Barbagallo, Raj K Gupta, Lawrence M Resnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To investigate the role of hyperglycemia in mediating the clinical association of NIDDM with hypertension and left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy.Since hyperglycemia elevates cytosolic free calcium (Cai) both in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, we utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure erythrocyte Cai levels and compared them with serum ionized calcium (Caio), glucose, and insulin values before and following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and with previously obtained cardiac structural indexes in normotensive and hypertensive NIDDM (n = 32) and normal control subjects (n = 35).Compared with control subjects, normotensive NIDDM subjects had higher Cai (31.5 +/- 2.3 vs. 24.3 +/- 1.9 nmol/l, P = 0.05), lower intracellular free magnesium (Mgi) (200 +/- 10 vs. 225 +/- 7 mumol/l, P = 0.05), and greater posterior wall thickness (0.98 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.03 cm, P = 0.05). Hypertensive NIDDM subjects exhibited a further increase in Cai (43.1 +/- 4.4 nmol/l, P = 0.05 vs. control subjects) and left ventricular mass (LVM) (201.5 +/- 12.2 vs. 155.8 +/- 7.7 g, P = 0.05 vs. control subjects). For all subjects, significant relationships were observed between Cai and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.510, P < 0.01), HbAic (r = 0.389, P < 0.05), and the glycemic response to OGTT (the area under the curve [AUC] for glucose; r = 0.519, P < 0.01) and to systolic (r = 0.504, P < 0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.624, P < 0.01) blood pressure. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was related to fasting glucose levels (r = 0.406, P < 0.01) and the AUC for glucose (r = 0.380, P < 0.01), but not to fasting insulin or insulin responses to an OGTT. The LVMI was best related to Cai (r = 0.516, P < 0.01), while being inversely related to Caio (r = -0.486, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression indicated the contribution of glucose to LVMI was independent of age, BMI, insulin, and blood pressure but demonstrated a significant interaction with Cai.Altogether, these data suggest that glucose-related excess Cai is a fundamental lesion in diabetes that contributes to the elevated blood pressure and cardiac mass in this disease.
Lipoprotein(a) in Diabetic Patients with and Without Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Pierre Jean Guillausseau, Jacqueline Peynet, Philippe Chanson, Alian Legrand, Jean Jacques Altman, Joel Poupon, Maï N'Guyen, François Rousselet, Jean Lubetzki
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To examine the distribution of Lp(a) plasma levels in patients with IDDM and NIDDM, and in nondiabetic and IDDM patients with chronic renal failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of Lp(a) plasma levels in a population of diabetic patients with stable metabolic control, with simultaneous determination of plasma lipids, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1. Thirty-six patients with IDDM, 90 with NIDDM, and 41 with chronic renal failure (20 IDDM, 21 nondiabetic) were compared with 78 control subjects. RESULTS Lp(a) plasma levels were significantly higher in IDDM and NIDDM patients, as well as in nondiabetic and IDDM patients with chronic renal failure compared with control subjects. No correlation was observed between Lp(a) and lipid plasma levels, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1. CONCLUSIONS Lp(a) may contribute to the increased prevalence of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic patients and patients with chronic renal failure, especially in IDDM patients whose lipoprotein pattern was not different from that of the control group.
An Unwelcome Side Effect of Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genome Testing
Authors: Amy L. McGuire, Wylie Burke
Journal: JAMA (2008)

It is now possible for individuals to learn about their genetic susceptibility to dozens of common and complex disorders, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, obesity, prostate cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, without ever seeing a physician.Direct-to-consumer personal genome testing companies, such as 23andMe, Navigenics, and deCODEme hope to empower consumers to take control of their health by providing tailored assessments of genetic risk based on reported associations between genomic variation and susceptibility to disease.Several states limit or forbid this practice as a violation of state law that requires the appropriate involvement of a licensed physician when providing medical diagnostic information (1).Personal genome testing companies claim that their services are for informational and educational purposes only.They warn consumers that the information should not be used for diagnosis, treatment, or health ascertainment purposes and direct them to their physician if they have questions or concerns about their health status (2-3).
Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with terbinafine
Authors: P.R. HULL, H.F. VISMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with terbinafine Get access P.R. HULL, P.R. HULL Department of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Dr. P.R. Hull, Division of Dermatology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N OXO, Saskatchewan, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.F. VISMER H.F. VISMER Research Institute for Environmental Diseases of the Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue s39, 1 February 1992, Pages 51–55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00011.x Published: 01 February 1992
Myocardial protection after whole body heat stress in the rabbit is dependent on metabolic substrate and is related to the amount of the inducible 70-kD heat stress protein.
Authors: M S Marber, J M Walker, D S Latchman, D M Yellon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The aims of this study were to examine the effects of whole body heat stress and subsequent stress protein induction on glycolytic metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, and calcium handling within the heart. The effect of heat stress on glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways was examined by measuring contractile performance in the presence of glucose and pyruvate, respectively. Calcium handling was assessed using force-interval relationships. Right ventricular papillary muscles taken from heat-stressed and control rabbit hearts were superfused with Kreb's solution containing either glucose or pyruvate and rendered hypoxic for 30 min. After reoxygenation, the greatest recovery of contractile function occurred in the heat-stressed muscles with pyruvate as substrate; there was, however, no difference in the force-interval relationship between the groups. The degree of contractile recovery was related to the content of the inducible 70-kD but not the 65-kD, heat stress protein. This study suggests that heat stress enhances the ability of rabbit papillary muscle to use pyruvate, but not glucose, after reoxygenation, and that the differences seen in contractility may be secondary to induction of the 72-kD stress protein.
81 Modelling liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C: A study of 563 patients with sequential liver biopsies
Authors: E.M. Silini, A. Cavallero, B. Dal Bello, R. Bruno, G. Barbarini, G. Belloni, A. Cividini, C. Tinelli, M.U. Mondelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
When a Child Kills: Abused Children Who Kill Their Parents
Authors: Jeffrey L. Metzner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The author, Paul Mones, is an attorney who specializes in defending children who kill their parents. This book, which is based on his work as a consultant to other lawyers on about 100 cases in 30 states, describes the lives of eight teenagers who committed parricide. His straightforward and graphic style provides the reader with a poignant understanding of these teenage victims of child abuse and family violence. The teenagers described in this book suffered from an extreme form of child abuse, which typically included physical, mental, and, frequently, sexual abuse from a very young age, by the parent who was eventually killed. Mones accurately emphasizes that the word<i>abuse</i>minimizes what these children were forced to endure. Terms such as<i>torture, soul murder, deprivation</i>, and<i>survival</i>are key concepts in understanding the consequences of this abuse. The fundamental contradiction in these cases (ie, the child still loves the abusing
Nuclear factor-κB in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C: Decreased RelA expression is associated with enhanced fibrosis progression
Authors: Patricia Boya, Esther Larrea, Iosu Sola, Pedro-Lorenzo Majano, Carlos Jiménez, María-Pilar Civeira, Jesús Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The mechanisms of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are poorly understood. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), regulates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and antiviral response. It plays a protective role in several forms of liver damage. In this study, we analyzed NF-κB by gel mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies from HCV-infected patients, and we have determined the hepatic levels of the components of the NF-κB system by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that NF-κB was activated in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Neither NF-κB activity nor the RNA levels of NF-κB subunits showed correlation with liver inflammatory activity, viral load, or HCV genotype. By contrast, hepatic mRNA values of RelA, the main element of active NF-κB, correlated inversely with apoptosis ( r = −.68; P &lt; .05) and with the rate of fibrosis progression ( r = −.51; P &lt; .04). In intermediate/rapid fibrosers, RelA mRNA levels were significantly decreased as compared with slow fibrosers ( P &lt; .003) and with normal livers ( P &lt; .03). In conclusion, we found that NF-κB is activated in chronic HCV-infected livers, and that the expression of RelA is inversely correlated with liver cell apoptosis and with the rate of fibrosis progression. Our data thus suggest that RelA expression may protect against liver fibrosis and hepatocellular damage.
Feedback and Rewards, Part I
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

This series of articles discusses conversations regarding feedback. Feedback can include input from numerous sources, including one's supervisor, peers, subordinates, suppliers, customers, patients, and/or society members. Effective feedback is very important to the operation of any organization and to the growth of the individual. However, feedback done poorly does not appear to be rare and can be highly destructive to all. A variety of tips on how to do feedback well are included in this article.
Telemedicine Screening for Eye Disease
Authors: Kurt Kroenke
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Childhood vaccination should have been included in asthma study
Authors: R. Blomfield
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR–Kaur et al's finding that children aged 12-14 years in cities had less asthma (30.3%) than those in rural areas (35%)1 must lead to questions about the role of air pollution in asthma.

What I found disappointing was the absence in the questionnaire of …
What is the potential for overdiagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Gregory K. Lo, Christopher S. Sigouin, Theodore E. Warkentin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by platelet-activating antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4//heparin (PF4/H) complexes. According to the "iceberg model," only a subset of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies of IgG class evincing strong platelet-activating properties cause clinical HIT. Since many centers rely predominantly on an anti-PF4/polyanion enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) to diagnose HIT, we estimated the potential for overdiagnosis when only this single test is available. We examined a database of 100 patients in whom the probability of HIT had been estimated using a clinical scoring system (4Ts), and where patients underwent systematic testing for HIT antibodies using three assays: the platelet serotonin release assay (SRA), an "in-house" EIA that detects IgG anti-PF4/heparin antibodies (EIA-IgG), and a commercial EIA that detects anti-PF4/polyanion antibodies of all three immunoglobulin classes (EIA-GTI). Whereas 16 of 100 patients fulfilled a "classic" definition of HIT (intermediate/high probability plus strong platelet-activating anti-PF4/heparin IgG antibodies), an additional 16 patients fulfilled a "liberal" definition in which any investigated patient (irrespective of the pretest probability) who had a positive EIA-GTI was considered to have HIT. The clinical features of these 16 additional patients--including generally weak antibodies and low risk for thrombosis--suggest underlying non-HIT explanations for thrombocytopenia. Patients with a positive SRA generally corresponded to those with intermediate or high pretest probability of HIT who also had strong EIA-GTI reactivity (>1.20 OD units). We conclude there is the potential to overdiagnose HIT by approximately 100% if any positive EIA is considered to "confirm" the diagnosis of HIT irrespective of the clinical scenario.
Surveillance in ulcerative colitis: burdens and benefit.
Authors: H W Jones, J Grogono, A M Hoare
Journal: Gut (1988)

A review of all patients with ulcerative colitis in one health district between 1975-84 revealed an incidence and prevalence of 7.1 and 84/100,000 population respectively. One hundred and ninety five new patients were diagnosed and 313 patients seen and followed up in the clinic for 1168 patient years. None of these patients died from colitis or a complication. On routine colonoscopy three cases had high grade dysplasia and two asymptomatic carcinomas (Duke's stage A and B). Eighty four patients were known to have ulcerative colitis, but were lost to follow up from the hospital clinic; the total time they were not under hospital surveillance was 315 patient years. At the end of the study these patients were contacted or clinical details obtained from their general practitioners. Five of these patients subsequently presented with symptomatic carcinomas (two Duke's B, one Duke's C and two with metastases); three of these five patients have died from their tumours. Of 48 patients thought to have only mild colitis on initial investigation 21 (43%) had substantial colitis (and two carcinomas) on colonoscopy after eight years of disease. Therefore, patients with apparently distal colitis should be followed in the clinic as well as those with known extensive colitis. For a surveillance programme in a district general hospital, eight patients per 100,000 population need to be seen weekly, 12 colonoscopies/100,000 population need to be carried out annually and the cost for each carcinoma detected is approximately 6015 pounds.
Intussusception
Authors: George Hugh Lawrence, Howard Ulfelder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

SINCE Codman1 reported observations on 27 cases of intussusception early in this century, no specific review of consecutive cases has been reported from this hospital. A study of the experience during the fifteen years from 1937 through 1951 reveals 60 cases of this disease. These included 2 cases of recurrent ileocolic intussusception in patients previously treated here, and 5 cases of intussusception observed as an incidental finding at laparotomy performed for another indication. The following review discusses the 53 patients who were treated at this hospital primarily for acute intussusception. The age distribution of patients (Table 1) makes it apparent . . .
Prognostic value of bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma: Use of light microscopy as well as computerized image analyzer in the assessment of microvessel density and total vascular area in multiple myeloma and its correlation with various clinical, histological, and laboratory parameters
Authors: Sahibinder Singh Bhatti, Lalit Kumar, Amit Kumar Dinda, Ramesh Dawar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract We studied the prognostic value of parameters of angiogenesis on bone marrow biopsies in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Angiogenesis parameters studied were the microvessel count done manually on light microscopy (MVD‐A), microvessel count done by using computerized image analyzer (MVD‐B), and total vascular area (TVA) measured by computerized image analyzer. One hundred ten newly diagnosed cases of MM treated at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, were analyzed with respect to clinical features, laboratory findings, histological features, angiogenesis parameters, and responses to the treatment on follow‐up. Twenty age‐ and sex‐matched controls were studied for comparing with angiogenesis of the test cases. Bone marrow microvessels were examined using immunohistochemical staining for CD34. MVD‐A (range 4.9–85.2; mean 28.2; SD 19.4), MVD‐B (range 2.0–26.9; mean 11.7; SD 5.9), and TVA measured in percentage (range 0.1–17.1; mean 2.4; SD 2.5) were measured for test cases ( n = 110). Grading of angiogenesis parameters of the test cases were done; such that angiogenesis parameters of controls (taken as baseline) were grade I. There was a statistically highly significant correlation between (MVD‐A vs MVD‐B, pcc = 0.92; MVD‐A vs TVA, pcc = 0.78; MVD‐B vs TVA, pcc = 0.76). The myeloma cases had significantly higher angiogenesis parameters when compared with controls (Kruskall‐Wallis test, P &lt; 0.001). “Complete responders” ( n = 38/110) had significant lower angiogenesis (Mann‐Whitney U test, P &lt; 0.001) than “nonresponders” ( n = 72/110). On treatment follow‐up “rapid disease progressors” had the highest levels of angiogenesis (mean rank for MVD‐A = 84.7, MVD‐B = 82.1, and TVA = 81.1). On multivariate (logistic regression) analysis, factors found to have independent prognostic significance in complete responders (adjusted odd ratio (95% CI, P value)] were: (a) MVD‐B grade I [0.134 (0.10–0.16, P &lt; 0.001)], (b) clinical substage A [0.163 (0.12–0.19, P = 0.008)], (c) Bartl's histological stage II &amp; I [0.262 (0.2–0.32, P = 0.021)], (d) MVD‐A grade I [0.28 (0.22–0.36, P = 0.03)], (e) β 2 microglobulin levels less than 3,400 ng/dl [0.31 (0.23–0.42, P = 0.04)]. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis for myeloma‐related death ( n = 16) shows a mean survival time (in months) of 24.75; SE = 3; 95% CI = 21–28. We conclude that MVD (particularly MVD‐B) is a very good predictor for the complete response in patients of MM and should be done routinely on bone marrow biopsies. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decrease in Net Stool Output in Cholera during Intestinal Perfusion with Glucose-Containing Solutions
Authors: Norbert Hirschhorn, Joseph L. Kinzie, David B. Sachar, Robert S. Northrup, James O. Taylor, S. Zafar Ahmad, Robert A. Phillips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The rate of intestinal fluid loss was decreased significantly in eight patients with cholera when electrolyte solutions containing glucose were administered intragastrically or into the intestine for periods of 12 to 32 hours. During alternating periods of perfusion without glucose, or without any perfusion, the rate of fluid loss did not differ significantly from the natural course of diarrhea in 25 control patients. Thus, the normal mechanism of enhancement of intestinal sodium absorption by an actively transported sugar seems intact in cholera. Where intravenous fluids are scarce in cholera-affected areas, oral electrolyte solutions containing glucose can supplement parenteral fluids in the treatment of cholera.