tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reforming the regulation of orthopaedic devices in the UK
Authors: M. Costa
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Serious and continuing concerns have been raised about the safety of metal-on-metal total hip replacements.1 2 These concerns have also prompted wider debate about the introduction and regulation of new devices in general.3 So what have the surgeons who introduce new devices to patients been doing to deal with these concerns?

The British Orthopaedic Association and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency have developed a joint initiative called “Beyond Compliance,”4 which is designed to provide a framework for the safe introduction of new implants. It has three key objectives. The first is: “to improve the rigor of processes around CE marking before an implant is sold, by offering good quality advice.” The second is: “to provide guidance and support for the safe and agreed introduction of innovations.” And the last is: “to provide high quality surveillance and a decision making process to identify failures at the earliest point and suggest appropriate actions.” This all sounds sensible, but can these objectives be delivered, and will they help …
Lung Inflammation, Injury, and Proliferative Response after Repetitive Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Exposure
Authors: Laura M. Beaver, Erik J. Stemmy, Arnold M. Schwartz, Jesse M. Damsker, Stephanie L. Constant, Susan M. Ceryak, Steven R. Patierno
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundChronic inflammation is implicated in the development of several human cancers, including lung cancer. Certain particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well-documented human respiratory carcinogens that release genotoxic soluble chromate and are associated with fibrosis, fibrosarcomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Despite this, little is known about the pathologic injury and immune responses after repetitive exposure to particulate chromates.ObjectivesIn this study we investigated the lung injury, inflammation, proliferation, and survival signaling responses after repetitive exposure to particulate chromate.MethodsBALB/c mice were repetitively treated with particulate basic zinc chromate or saline using an intranasal exposure regimen. We assessed lungs for Cr(VI)-induced changes by bronchoalveolar lavage, histologic examination, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsSingle exposure to Cr(VI) resulted in inflammation of lung tissue that persists for up to 21 days. Repetitive Cr(VI) exposure induced a neutrophilic inflammatory airway response 24 hr after each treatment. Neutrophils were subsequently replaced by increasing numbers of macrophages by 5 days after treatment. Repetitive Cr(VI) exposure induced chronic peribronchial inflammation with alveolar and interstitial pneumonitis dominated by lymphocytes and macrophages. Moreover, chronic toxic mucosal injury was observed and accompanied by increased airway pro-matrix metalloprotease-9. Injury and inflammation correlated with airways becoming immunoreactive for phosphorylation of the survival signaling protein Akt and the proliferation marker Ki-67. We observed a reactive proliferative response in epithelial cells lining airways of chromate-exposed animals.ConclusionsThese data illustrate that repetitive exposure to particulate chromate induces chronic injury and an inflammatory microenvironment that may promote Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
Prognosis after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bertram Pitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Numerous studies have identified the extent of myocardial damage as an important prognostic factor in both early and late mortality after an episode of acute infarction. Thus, indexes relating to the extent of acute infarction, such as creatine kinase release, have been shown to correlate with subsequent survival.1 The extent of both acute and old myocardial damage is probably an even better indicator of survival and can be estimated from the extent of tracer defect on a myocardial image with thallium-201 and from the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, as indicated by left ventricular ejection fraction and by the extent . . .
Chlamydial Infections-Reply
Authors: Julius Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT In Reply.— The epidemiology of inclusion conjunctivitis (for this is the chlamydial agent of concern here) was elucidated in the first decade of this century; for example, see the review (!) by Lindner (Arch Ophthalmol 78:345-380, 1911). The agent is found in the male urethra and the female cervix and produces eye disease when infective genital tract discharges reach the conjunctiva. This has been amply confirmed by the cytologic studies of Thygeson and Stone (Arch Ophthalmol 27:91-122, 1942) and by agent isolation in many studies by Jones and Dunlop and colleagues in England and our group in San Francisco. Clear-cut cases of sexual transmission have been described (Am J Epidemiol 85:445-452, 1967). To the best of my knowledge, volunteer studies of experimental infection and transmission have not been performed.Dr Nitzkin appears to be concerned that our study was performed in clinics other than those devoted to venereal disease (VD). There
Responses of the rabbit epicardial coronary artery to acetylcholine and adrenoceptor agonists
Authors: L. Corr, G. Burnstock, P. Poole-Wilson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Responses of the rabbit epicardial coronary artery to acetylcholine and adrenoceptor agonists Get access Laura Corr, Laura Corr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey Burnstock, Geoffrey Burnstock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip Poole-Wilson Philip Poole-Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 3, March 1991, Pages 256–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.3.256 Published: 01 March 1991 Article history Received: 04 October 1990 Accepted: 15 November 1990 Published: 01 March 1991
Immune responses to transgene and retroviral vector in patients treated with ex vivo–engineered T cells
Authors: Cor H. J. Lamers, Ralph Willemsen, Pascal van Elzakker, Sabine van Steenbergen-Langeveld, Marieke Broertjes, Jeannette Oosterwijk-Wakka, Egbert Oosterwijk, Stefan Sleijfer, Reno Debets, Jan W. Gratama
Journal: Blood (2010)
Central nervous system involvement in Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: F C Soliotis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Still an unresolved issue—multicentre studies are needed

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a relatively common autoimmune disorder, affecting 2–3% of the adult population. It is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the exocrine glands. The salivary and lachrymal glands are primarily affected, leading to a dry mouth and dry eyes, the hallmark of the disease. Other exocrine glands, which may be affected, include those of the pancreas, bronchial tree, and gastrointestinal tract. SS may occur alone (primary) or in association with other connective tissue diseases (secondary). The spectrum of clinical manifestations of SS is wide, ranging from mucosal dryness, directly related to exocrine dysfunction, to more systemic complaints, affecting mainly the musculoskeletal, pulmonary, renal, and vascular systems.1 Peripheral nervous system disease, manifested commonly as peripheral sensory neuropathy or more rarely as mononeuritis multiplex, is a well established feature of the disease, occurring in approximately a quarter of patients.2 However, involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with SS is a matter of serious controversy between different research groups, with a prevalence ranging from “undetectable” to “quite common”. This discrepancy was previously attributed possibly to differences in the diagnostic criteria, selection of populations, special interests of different teams of investigators, or referral bias.3,4

The prevalence of CNS disease in SS is a controversial topic. Tables 1 and 2 list the prevalence of CNS manifestations in patients with SS reported since 1985. The numbers quoted in publications range between 0 and 100%.2,5–21

View this table:

 Table 1  
CNS involvement in SS: reported prevalence



View this table:

 Table 2  
Psychiatric involvement in SS: reported prevalence



Why is there is such a huge variability in the reported prevalence of CNS disease in SS?

Firstly, there is no consensus on the definition of CNS involvement. Some authors include psychiatric disease, but some do not. Also there …
Polymyxin B Reactions, IgE Antibody, and T-Cell Deficiency
Authors: JAMES D. LAKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient with aplastic anemia was immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and transplanted with allogenic bone marrow. While lacking demonstrable T-cell activity posttransplantation, he developed a generalized macular erythematous eruption and fever, clinically attributed to intranasal polymyxin B. A specific IgE antibody, demonstrated by direct skin testing, Prausnitz-Kustner passive transfer, and indirect passive hemagglutination was temporally related to the reaction. Discontinuation of the drug led to prompt defervescence and resolution of the drug eruption.
A mouse model of HIES reveals pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of STAT3
Authors: Scott M. Steward-Tharp, Arian Laurence, Yuka Kanno, Alex Kotlyar, Alejandro V. Villarino, Giuseppe Sciume, Stefan Kuchen, Wolfgang Resch, Elizabeth A. Wohlfert, Kan Jiang, Kiyoshi Hirahara, Golnaz Vahedi, Hong-wei Sun, Lionel Feigenbaum, Joshua D. Milner, Steven M. Holland, Rafael Casellas, Fiona Powrie, John J. O'Shea
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cortisol Transport and Disappearance.
Authors: W. R. Beisel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Cortisol Transport and Disappearance.W. R. Beisel, M.D., F.A.C.P., V. C. DiRaimondo, M.D., P. H. Forsham, M.D.W. R. Beisel, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, V. C. DiRaimondo, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. H. Forsham, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-722_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptReversible binding of cortisol plasma proteins is fundamental in controlling the availability of secreted or administered cortisol to tissues and in protecting it from inactivation or excretion. At usual physiologic levels, plasma cortisol is bound predominantly by an alpha-globulin (corticosteroid-binding globulin, CBG, transcortin). At even slightly elevated plasma levels, the binding capacity of CBG becomes saturated, and cortisol is bound predominantly but loosely by a portion of plasma albumin (corticosteroid-binding albumin, CBA). Unbound, physiologically active cortisol comprised only 10% of the total cortisol present in morning plasma samples of 50 normal individuals. Because of the observed binding constants of cortisol... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 722-723KeywordsAlbuminsBlood plasmaCortisolExcretionGlobulinsPlasma proteins Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antithrombotic Therapy to Support Primary PCI
Authors: David A. Morrow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The goals of the initial management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction include swift restoration of flow within the occluded coronary artery, prevention of early reinfarction, and avoidance of complications of reperfusion therapy.1,2 The selection of the reperfusion strategy, either the preferred percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or fibrinolysis, is usually driven by institutional access to primary PCI. Thus, the decision that clinicians most commonly grapple with at the time of the patient's presentation is the selection of adjunctive anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy. In this issue of the Journal, Stone and colleagues report on a large, randomized trial that tested an . . .
Effects of Protein Deficiency on the Pregnant Woman and Fetus and on the Infant and Child
Authors: Harold C. Stuart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

MANY of the ill effects of a lack of sufficient or suitable proteins in the diet are encountered at all ages and in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. Some of them are particularly likely to occur during pregnancy, and others at certain periods of rapid growth in childhood when requirements are exceptionally high. The specific syndromes resulting from protein deficiency are not reviewed below, but attention is given to certain other effects that appear to be associated with pregnancy, with the health and development of the fetus, and with the progress of growth and development in infancy and childhood.In . . .
A Christmas Story
Authors: Ted Louie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor16 December 2003A Christmas StoryTed Louie, MDTed Louie, MDFrom East Brunswick, NJ 08816.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In my second year of private practice, as the junior partner, I expected to be on call on Christmas. That was only fair, it seemed. But it didn't seem all that fair when Christmas Day actually came around. There I was, in the hospital, doing consultations and seemingly endless rounds, as the rest of the world enjoyed the day in the company of family and friends.It was not the worst call I ever had. However, there were enough admissions and consultations that I didn't start for home, a 25-minute drive away, until about 5:30 in the afternoon. I was ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From East Brunswick, NJ 08816.Corresponding Author: Ted Louie, MD, 579 A Cranbury Road, East Brunswick, NJ 08816; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 December 2003Volume 139, Issue 12Page: 1041KeywordsAntibioticsPatient advocacyPharmacistsUrinationWine ePublished: 16 December 2003 Issue Published: 16 December 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 5317: HLA-E and HLA-G tumor expression is of prognostic value for clinical outcome of early breast cancer patients, but exclusively in classical HLA class I tumor-negative patients
Authors: Esther M. de Kruijf, Anita Sajet, Johanna Gh van Nes, Russ Natanov, Hein Putter, Vincent Thbm Smit, Gerrit Jan Liefers, Peter J. van den Elsen, Cornelis Jh van de Velde, Peter Jk Kuppen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Non-classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA), HLA-E and HLA-G, are known to affect clinical outcome in various tumor types. We examined the clinical impact of HLA-E and HLA-G expression in early breast cancer patients, and related the results to tumor expression of classical HLA class I molecules, as together these cell surface molecules may determine natural killer (NK) cell responses. Material and Methods Our study population (n=677) consisted of all early breast cancer patients primarily treated with surgery in our center between 1985 and 1995. Tissue micro array (TMA) sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors were immunohistochemically stained for HLA-E and HLA-G. For evaluation of HLA-E and HLA-G expression and the combined variable, HLA-EG, a binary score was used. Expression of classical HLA class I expression was previously determined. Results HLA-E, HLA-G and HLA-EG were expressed in breast tumors in 50%, 60% and 23% of patients respectively. Remarkably, only in patients with loss of classical HLA class I tumor expression, expression of HLA-E (p=0.027), HLA-G (p=0.035) and HLA-EG (p=0.001) resulted in a worse relapse free period. An interaction was found between classical and non-classical HLA class I expression (p=0.002), suggestive for a biological connection. Conclusions We have demonstrated that expression of HLA-E and HLA-G are important factors in the prediction of clinical outcome of breast cancer patients, but exclusively in patients with classical HLA class I negative tumors. HLA-E and HLA-G expression may specifically prevent NK-cell recognition by the host in this subset of tumors. These results provide further evidence that breast cancer is highly immunogenic, but also capable of evading tumor eradication by the host immune system in which both T cells and NK cells play a role. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5317.
MENTAL REACTIONS AT THE CLIMACTERIUM
Authors: G. R. Jameison, James H. Wall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1932)

In the consideration of mental illness associated with the menopause, reference is often made to involution melancholia. But this is not the only reaction of the period; any of the functional psychoses may become apparent at this time, including schizophrenia, paranoic conditions, manic-depressive psychoses, the psychoneuroses and a number of border line states. Likewise, one cannot neglect early senile and arteriosclerotic pictures. If we limit our discussion to the cases of women showing psychicsomatic symptoms ordinarily pigeon-holed in the group of involution melancholias, we do not thereby deny that analogous factors, in part at least, may be at work in the others. Involution melancholia has existed throughout the ages. It is a condition accepted as inevitable in a small percentage of people. The general practitioner is familiar with the melancholic reactions of the involution period, and often sees women with numerous neurotic manifestations, tired feelings, hot flashes, and other sensations associated with the so-called “change of life.” Problems in relation to the menopause come up daily in general practice, treatment being commonly carried out in the home. With the psychiatrist, hospital treatment becomes rather constant advice. He insists that time is essential, and especially care with regard to the possibility of suicide. But is this all we really do with such patients? Do we not by a thorough-going study of somatic and the psychic organization together, taking into account constitutional endowment, life experiences and present epochal factors, endeavor to assess the individual assets and liabilities, which in many cases so easily get out of balance at this critical period. The climacteric period, as we all know, is one through which most women pass with little difficulty. It begins as a rule between the ages of 40 and 50 and may last from one to five years. The menopause, the actual cessation of the menses, may occur early or
High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels in Japan
Authors: Hirotsugu Ueshima
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The population of Japan has a lower mortality rate due to coronary heart disease than does the population of other industrialized countries. We surveyed high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of six Japanese population-groups with different life-styles (1,804 men and 1,561 women). We found that the HDL-cholesterol levels of Japanese men aged 40 to 69 years were approximately 55 mg/dL, or about 10 mg/dL higher than those of American men. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1985-1987)
An Address on the Need of Bacteriological and Pathological Laboratories in Dublin
Authors: G. Duffey
Journal: BMJ (1901)

34MEDICAL J0oUNALJBCEILGCLLAOAOISFRDBLNFi.9 gi sease is beyond the scope of the present eommunication. he rapidity of growth of true earcinomata and the early involvement of the glands place them in an entirely different category to rodent ulcer, in whiclh the disease is very slow, local in its manifestations, and without infection of the glands.I must here acknowledge the assistanee afforded me by Drs.Bulloehl and Hunter in the pathological investigations, and by Mr. Harnack, radiographer to the London Hospital, for the photographs, and for lhelp in carrying out the prac- tical work.Note.-Sinee the cases described above were first shown I have learned that the treatment has been also used in this country by Messrs. Barnard, Startini and Dr. hlarrison Low.
THE MIGRATION OF LYMPHOCYTES ACROSS THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN LYMPHOID TISSUE
Authors: G. I. Schoefl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

An electron microscope study was made of the mode of lymphocyte migration across the endothelial layer of venules in the Peyer's patches of mice and rats. Single and serial sections were examined. Of a total of about 800 lymphocytes observed in single sections, 91% were located between endothelial cells and 9% were surrounded by endothelial cytoplasm in the particular plane of section. 62% of the lymphocytes occurred in groups of two or more. In long sequences of serial sections through 21 endothelial cells, all lymphocytes were located external to the endothelial cells though some appeared "internal" at certain levels of sectioning. The probability that a lymphocyte which appears to be surrounded by endothelial cell cytoplasm actually lies within the cell was analyzed with a mathematical model derived from data obtained from single sections. The results of this analysis suggested that at least 93-99% of lymphocytes (within 90% limits of confidence) take an intercellular path in their migration from blood to lymph. It is concluded that lymphocytes migrate across the vascular endothelium by insinuating themselves between endothelial cells and not by passing through them. Rather than constituting an increased barrier to cell migration, the unusual height of the endothelial cells in these vessels is interpreted to be a special adaptation which allows sustained cell traffic without excessive fluid loss taking place concomitantly.
Intrathoracic Splenosis Mimicking Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: ARDEN J. KWAN, DAVID E. DRUM, CHANG-SOO AHN, DONALD E. TOW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A case of posttraumatic intrathoracic splenosis mimicking lung cancer is presented. The diagnosis was made by a radiocolloid liver–spleen study followed by a heat-damaged Tc-99m labeled red cell scan. A favorable change in the staging of the patient's real contralateral lung cancer resulted.