tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Swelling-induced chloride-sensitive current in canine atrial cells revealed by whole-cell patch-clamp method.
Authors: S Sorota
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

An isoproterenol-induced chloride current has been detected in ventricular myocytes from guinea pig and rabbit but has not been found in canine ventricular cells. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether canine atrial cells possessed such a current. Steady-state currents were examined with potassium currents blocked by cesium. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, an isoproterenol-induced chloride current could not be detected shortly after patch rupture. However, whole-cell current in the absence of isoproterenol increased over time after patch rupture. The spontaneously activating steady-state current was outwardly rectifying with a reversal potential of approximately -25 mV. The current that developed over time was sensitive to variation in extracellular chloride concentration and was partially blocked by anthracene-9-carboxylic acid. Isoproterenol could enhance the amplitude of this current once it developed. Although isosmotic pipette filling and extracellular solutions were used, cell swelling was found to be the cause of the increase in whole-cell conductance that was observed during whole-cell patch-clamp experiments. The development of the current and the associated cell swelling could be prevented with the addition of 50-75 mM mannitol to the extracellular solution. The current could be observed in perforated patch recordings with nystatin when extracellular osmolarity was low (221 mosm/kg) but not when the extracellular solution was isosmotic (293 mosm/kg). Cardiac chloride currents have the potential to depolarize the resting membrane potential and cause abnormal automaticity. Chloride currents can also decrease the refractory period through a reduction in action potential duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Maraviroc and JC Virus–Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Paul S Giacomini, Ayal Rozenberg, Imke Metz, David Araujo, Nathalie Arbour, Amit Bar-Or
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can be a serious complication of immune reversal in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. A new potential treatment for IRIS is described in this letter.
A Proposed "Dangerous Sex Offender" Law
Authors: NATHAN T. SIDLEY, FRANCIS J. STOLARZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Sex offender laws and other forms of preventive detention designed to protect the public from dangerous individuals have been criticized because of their subjectivity. The authors propose legislation that would ensure against abuse of the laws by the following means: strict definitional criteria of the dangerous sex offender in terms of predictability, requirement of proof of dangerousness, and time-limited commitments. They feel that implementation of this kind of law will restrict those incarcerated to the truly dangerous offenders and will help avoid overinclusive commitments.
Prostaglandins from human T suppressor/cytotoxic cells modulate natural killer antibacterial activity.
Authors: P Garcia-Peñarrubia, A D Bankhurst, F T Koster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have recently described potent antibacterial activity of purified human NK cells. Here we show that this function is regulated by T cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+ cells. Thus, coculture of NK and CD8+ cells for 3 h or longer times abrogated the expression of the NK antibacterial activity, and of two activation markers IL-2R and transferrin receptor (Tf-R). The suppressive activity was mediated by PGE2 as demonstrated by direct PGE2 determination in CD8+ cell free supernatants, and by inhibition of CD8+ cell suppression with indomethacin or piroxicam in vitro. We also found that resting T cytotoxic/suppressor cells purified by negative selection produce higher amounts of PGE2 than adherent cells like monocytes and macrophages, and that these concentration levels are in the range of concentrations known to suppress a significant number of in vitro immunologic functions.
The effect of cyclosporin on human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: P.J. DYKES, J. BRUNT, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Cyclosporin A has been shown to be effective in the treatment of severe, recalcitrant psoriasis, but it is uncertain whether the mode of action is primarily by immune suppression or by other mechanisms. Cyclosporin‐dependent growth‐inhibition has recently been demonstrated in vitro using several non‐human and transformed epithelial cell lines. In this study the effect of cyclosporin on human epidermal keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts was investigated. Secondary cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes were grown on collagen‐coated dishes in the presence of increasing concentrations of cyclosporin. Inhibition of growth was observed at 6–8 μM. An almost identical dose‐response curve was obtained for the cytotoxic drug, cis‐platin. Short‐term exposure (i h) to cyclosporin did not have any effect on epidermal cell growth, suggesting that direct membrane‐related effects were not involved. Analysis of cellular proteins by SDS‐PAGE indicated no effect of continuous cyclosporin exposure on in vitro differentiation. The observation that human epidermal keratinocyte growth is inhibited by cyclosporin suggests that a topical form of therapy for psoriasis may be an effective alternative to oral treatment.
Raynaud's phenomenon after sympathetic denervation in patients with primary autonomic failure: questionnaire survey
Authors: R. Mallipeddi, C. J Mathias
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In Raynaud's phenomenon, cold or emotional stimuli cause digital vasospasm in the fingers and toes, leading to the classic colour triad sequence of pallor, cyanosis, and redness. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon occurs in association with underlying disease, including neurological disorders.1 We describe Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with sympathetic denervation due to primary chronic autonomic failure.

Seventy three patients with primary chronic autonomic failure were assessed for Raynaud's phenomenon. They all had orthostatic hypotension due to sympathetic failure, which was confirmed on detailed investigation.2 Thirty two patients had pure autonomic failure and no other neurological features and 41 had multiple system atrophy (the Shy-Drager syndrome) with parkinsonian or cerebellar features, or both. None had clinical features or disease usually associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. All the patients consented to answer a questionnaire, approved by the ethics …
A pilot study of ex vivo gene therapy for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Mariann Grossman, Daniel J. Rader, David W.M. Muller, Daniel M. Kolansky, Karen Kozarsky, Bernard J. Clark, Evan A. Stein, Paul J. Lupien, H. Bryan Brewer, Steven E. Raper, James M. Wilson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Positive End-expiratory Pressure Preserves Surfactant Function in Preterm Lambs
Authors: JACEK MICHNA, ALAN H. JOBE, MACHIKO IKEGAMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Ventilation style influences lung injury and the amount of large-aggregate biophysically active surfactant in adult lungs. We asked how positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) would influence clinical responses and surfactant pools in surfactant-treated preterm lambs ventilated for 7 h with tidal volumes (Vt) of 10 ml/kg. The 126-d gestation preterms were delivered and treated with 100 mg/kg recombinant human surfactant protein C (rSP-C) containing surfactant and ventilated with zero, 4, or 7 cm H2O of PEEP. A comparison group was treated with natural sheep surfactant and ventilated with zero PEEP. Physiologic measurements were similar for lambs treated with rSP-C surfactant and natural surfactant. PEEP 4 and 7 improved oxygenation and compliance relative to either group of lambs ventilated with PEEP zero. The maximal lung volumes measured at 40 cm H2O pressure after 7 h ventilation for the PEEP 4 and 7 groups were more than double those measured for either PEEP zero group. Alveolar surfactant pools were larger for the PEEP 7 group, and the large-aggregate fraction was increased for the PEEP 4 and 7 groups, resulting in large-aggregate pool sizes that were 3-fold higher for the PEEP 4 and 4-fold higher for the PEEP 7 groups relative to the PEEP zero group treated with rSP-C surfactant. All large-aggregate surfactants lowered minimal surface tensions of a captive bubble to less than 5 mN/m. In preterm surfactant-treated lambs PEEP improved lung function and maintained more of an rSP-C surfactant in the biophysically active form.
Predicting outcome in ICU patients
Authors: P. Suter, A. Armaganidis, F. Beaufils, X. Bonfill, H. Burchardi, D. Cook, A. Fagot-Largeault, L. Thijs, S. Vesconi, A. Williams, J. R. Le Gall, R. Chang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1994)
Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy, Sublingual Immunotherapy and Combined Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis and Cross-Reactive Food Allergy
Authors: L.I. Romaniuk, I.V. DuBuske, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Abnormal ratio of membrane immunoglobulin classes in mice with an X-linked B-lymphocyte defect.
Authors: F D Finkelman, A H Smith, I Scher, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

CBA/N mice have an X-linked genetic defect in B-lymphocyte function manifested by inability to make antibody responses to T-independent antigens. Plasma membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) on spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch cells was analyzed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, NP-40 extraction, specific immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These studies indicated that the X-linked immune defect was associated, in all three cell types, with a decrease in the ratio of cell membrane IgD analog to cell membrane IgM. This suggests either that IgD analog may be important in initiation of T-independent antibody responses or that CBA/N mice lack a subpopulation of B cells specialized to respond to T-independent antigens, and that these cells are relatively rich in plasma membrane IgD analog.
Controlled Studies of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Alan C. Siegel, Eloise E. Johnson, Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE type-specific nature of immunity to infections A with Group A streptococci makes clinical investigation of this problem difficult. Methods for the detection of the protective antibody against the type-specific M-protein antigen1 are complex and laborious. Proper serologic identification of infecting streptococcal strains depends upon the availability of adequate amounts of typing serum and of experienced personnel trained in the exacting bacteriologic procedures. Because of the relatively slow appearance of anti-M antibody after infection2 , 3 patients must be followed for long periods despite the short duration of the streptococcal illness and its seemingly minor consequence. In addition, the widespread and often . . .
Losing weight in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: N. S Marshall, R. R Grunstein
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Can make a clinically important difference in more than half of patients

Given that obesity is the only major modifiable risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea, it may seem superfluous to perform a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to reduce weight.1 Indeed, a recent Cochrane review looking at weight loss in this disorder found no relevant randomised controlled trials.2

This has been a major gap in the evidence based treatment of sleep apnoea. In the linked randomised controlled trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4609), Johansson and colleagues assess whether weight loss due to a very low energy diet reduces moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea in obese men who were all using continuous positive airway pressure.3

Research has emphasised mechanical interventions for obstructive sleep apnoea, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure or mandibular advancement splints. Mechanical treatments may be efficacious in that they limit the condition when used, but they are less effective over the medium to long term,4 possibly because of difficulties with adherence.5 …
Efforts to Prevent Foodborne Listeriosis
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In-situ and invasive carcinoma of the colon in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: D. J. Evans, D. J. Pollock
Journal: Gut (1972)

Four cases are described in which ulcerative colitis was complicated by carcinoma and in which the extent of the accompanying in-situ carcinoma (precancer) was determined. The extent of the in-situ carcinoma was very variable and in all cases the rectum was spared in whole or part. Search for in-situ carcinoma in rectal biopsies will fail to indicate the development of malignancy in some patients with ulcerative colitis. Alternative methods of cancer detection in this group are discussed.
Schizophrenia–Heart Disease Link
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Temperature on Survival of Bacteria in Blood for Transfusion
Authors: J. D. James, E. J. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL JOURNAL (Fig. 1), and at necropsy his tricuspid valve was thought to be incompetent as well as stenosed.A similar case, but without proof at necropsy, is reported by Ferrer et al. (1953). Association of Incompetence with StenosisThe development of signs of tricuspid insufficiency in all patients with tricuspid stenosis who developed atrial fibril- lation led us to suppose that the organically stenosed and obstructed valve is probably always incompetent to some degree.The findings of Ferrer et al. (1953), McCord et al. (1954), Whitaker (1955), and Hollman (1956, 1957), in general support this contention.However, Reale et al. (1956) doubt whether a marked systolic wave in the right atrial pulse necessarily indicates tricuspid incompetence, and they suggest that if the atrium is filled and stretched at the time of ventricular systole the regurgitation of even a very small amount of blood might produce a considerable systolic wave.Ten of their 13 cases came to operation, and " significant."regurgitation was detected in only one.A low cardiac output at the time of palpation of the valve, however, may obscure a regurgitant jet.Pantridge and Marshall (1957) reported incompetence in one of two cases of tricuspid stenosis at operation for tricuspid valvotomy.However, the work of Muller and Shillingford (1954) and Korner and Shillingtord (1957) suggests that a large positive systolic wave is in fact associated with a considerable volume of reflux estimated by the dye-dilution technique.Such a wave was regularly seen in our patients with atrial fibrillation, and at necropsy it seemed probable that the valves had been incompetent.The absence of this wave in sinus rhythm may have been partly due to better emptying of the atrium, which is then able to accept a regurgitant flow without conspicuous rise of pressure.We believe, therefore, that incompetence is a very com- mon accompaniment of stenosis, but is not necessarily in- variable.This point has an important bearing on the surgical treatment of tricuspid stenosis, since valvotomy is unlikely to be wholly successful if appreciable incompetence is present, for it may be increased by valvotomy (Hollman, 1956), to the detriment of the patient.At the present time, tricuspid valvotomy is a well-recognized though uncommon operation (
Recent advances in hepatology. Vol. 2
Authors: R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1987)

one swallow to another in the same individual.Although there is a similar variation in manometric- ally recorded swallow wave profiles, it is our practice to record at least 10 swallows in each third of the oesophagus.Thus a 'freak' swallow is unlikely to affect the interpretation of manometry.To us, RT gives no additional information to what can be gleaned from a careful review of a recorded barium swallow, a test which would be done in any case in most patients presenting to us with dysphagia.Indeed, Lorber and Shay4 were using liquid barium transit measurement as long ago as 1955 in the assessment of dysphagia.To date, the published and presented work on RT has failed to convince us that it is a test which can justifiably claim its place along- side barium studies, endoscopy, oesophageal manometry, and 24 hour pH measurement, as clinic- ally useful tests of oesophageal function.
Campaigners call for university to close down children's chiropractic clinic in Melbourne
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK science writer Simon Singh and the complementary medicines expert Edzard Ernst have lent their weight to a campaign against the use of chiropractic on babies and children in Australia.

Australian medical and scientific experts have also backed the campaign by Loretta Marron, a cancer survivor and former “Australian sceptic of the year” who advocates against unproved and disproved alternative therapies.

Ms Marron has documented at least 50 chiropractic websites in New South Wales that offer treatment to pregnant women, babies, and children and has called on the Australian government to close a chiropractic paediatric clinic run by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University.

The university clinic is teaching “inappropriate and potentially dangerous techniques that target pregnant women, babies, infants, and children,” Ms Marron wrote in a report she recently sent to the federal health minister, Nicola Roxon. “As this is a clear breach …
Osteopontin, an oxidant stress sensitive cytokine, up-regulates collagen-I via integrin αVβ3 engagement and PI3K/pAkt/NFκB signaling
Authors: Raquel Urtasun, Aritz Lopategi, Joseph George, Tung-Ming Leung, Yongke Lu, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaodong Ge, Maria Isabel Fiel, Natalia Nieto
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract A key feature in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is fibrillar Collagen-I deposition; yet, mediators that could be key therapeutic targets remain elusive. We hypothesized that osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) cytokine expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), could drive fibrogenesis by modulating the HSC pro-fibrogenic phenotype and Collagen-I expression. Recombinant OPN (rOPN) up-regulated Collagen-I protein in primary HSCs in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)–independent fashion, whereas it down-regulated matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP13), thus favoring scarring. rOPN activated primary HSCs, confirmed by increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression and enhanced their invasive and wound-healing potential. HSCs isolated from wild-type (WT) mice were more profibrogenic than those from OPN knockout ( Opn −/−) mice and infection of primary HSCs with an Ad-OPN increased Collagen-I, indicating correlation between both proteins. OPN induction of Collagen-I occurred via integrin αvβ3 engagement and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (PI3K/pAkt/NFκB)–signaling pathway, whereas cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) binding and mammalian target of rapamycin/70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (mTOR/p70S6K) were not involved. Neutralization of integrin αvβ3 prevented the OPN-mediated activation of the PI3K/pAkt/NFκB–signaling cascade and Collagen-I up-regulation. Likewise, inhibition of PI3K and NFκB blocked the OPN-mediated Collagen-I increase. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) cirrhotic patients showed coinduction of Collagen-I and cleaved OPN compared to healthy individuals. Acute and chronic liver injury by CCl4 injection or thioacetamide (TAA) treatment elevated OPN expression. Reactive oxygen species up-regulated OPN in vitro and in vivo and antioxidants prevented this effect. Transgenic mice overexpressing OPN in hepatocytes ( Opn HEP Tg) mice developed spontaneous liver fibrosis compared to WT mice. Last, chronic CCl4 injection and TAA treatment caused more liver fibrosis to WT than to Opn −/− mice and the reverse occurred in Opn HEP Tg mice. Conclusion : OPN emerges as a key cytokine within the ECM protein network driving the increase in Collagen-I protein contributing to scarring and liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2012)
US governor plans to import cheaper drugs from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A report prepared for the Illinois governor has recommended importing personal prescription drugs from Australia and over the counter drugs from New Zealand as part of a programme facilitating access to cheaper drugs for US citizens.

The report by the Office of the Special Advocate for Prescription Drugs for the Illinois governor, Rod Blagojevich, assessed which drugs could be sourced from Australia and New Zealand for inclusion in the scheme.

Under the I-SaveRx scheme, refill prescriptions drafted by American doctors in Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas, Missouri, and Vermont residents are written and filled via doctors …
Assessment and Follow-Up of Patency After Lymphovenous Microsurgery for Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema in External Male Genital Organs
Authors: Sylvain M. Mukenge, Marco Catena, Daniela Negrini, Francesca Ratti, Andrea Moriondo, Alberto Briganti, Patrizio Rigatti, Federica Cipriani, Gianfranco Ferla
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Intratumoral chemotherapy with fluorouracil/ epinephrine injectable gel: A nonsurgical treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Stephen Kraus, Bruce H. Miller, James M. Swinehart, Joel S. Shavin, Katherine E. Georgouras, David A. Jenner, Edmond Griffin, Andrew Korey, Elaine K. Orenberg
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)