tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW THERAPEUTIC MEASURE—THE ELECTRIC-LIGHT BATH.
Authors: J. H. KELLOGG
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In a paper read before the American Electrotherapeutic Association, at its meeting in New York City, in September, 1894, I presented a description of a new method of applying heat to the body, using, as the source of heat, the incandescent electric light. I also gave in this paper the details of many experiments which I had conducted for the purpose of determining the physiologic effects of this bath, and also a comparison of the effects obtained by this bath with those obtained by the Turkish and Russian baths. The general conclusions to which I was led by this investigation were as follows: 1. The electric-light bath stimulates the production of the elimination of CO<sub>2</sub>in a very marked degree. In an electric-light bath lasting for thirty minutes, the percentage of CO<sub>2</sub>elimination during the last ten minutes was 5.13, as compared with 3.60, the average of CO
Long term results of growth hormone treatment in France in children of short stature: population, register based study
Authors: Joёl Coste, Muriel Letrait, Jean Claude Carel, Jean Pierre Tresca, Pierre Chatelain, Pierre Rochiccioli, Jean Louis Chaussain, Jean Claude Job
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To describe the growth of children treated with growth hormone and to evaluate the prognostic factors for height at the end of treatment. <b>Design:</b> Register based cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> French national register of all children treated with growth hormone. <b>Subjects:</b> 3233 short stature children (3165 of whom were deficient in growth hormone) who were treated with growth hormone (excluding children with Turner9s syndrome) and whose treatment started between 1973 and 1989, last data being recorded in December 1993. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Annual changes in height, and height at the end of treatment. <b>Results:</b> Mean height SD score at the end of treatment, after a mean of 4.3 years, was −2, corresponding to gain in mean height SD score of 1 and to a height SD score of 1.1 below target height. In all, 923 children prematurely stopped taking growth hormone treatment, mainly because of insufficient response (insufficient growth) or tiredness. Variables that predicted height at the end of treatment were age, target height, aetiology of short stature, use of puberty inhibitors, and type of growth hormone. <b>Conclusions:</b> The outcome of children of short stature with growth hormone deficiency who were treated with growth hormone has been less favourable than initially assumed. Growth hormone treatment has not restored normal growth to these children. The highly demanding nature and high costs of this treatment require an optimised prescription, and this remains to be determined. <h3>Key messages</h3> Few data are available on the long term results of growth hormone treatment in children of short stature Population based registers are ideal to provide information about the true use of treatments, characteristics of treated subjects and outcome as they are not distorted by selection criteria as in clinical trials or sponsored phase IV studies The analysis of the data from the French register up to 1993 leads to a less optimistic view of the efficacy of growth hormone treatment than that generally held Growth hormone treatment did not restore the genetic growth potential and thus should not be considered as a replacement treatment
THE BEHAVIOR OF CHICKEN SARCOMA IMPLANTED IN THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO
Authors: James B. Murphy, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The direct inoculation of a sarcoma of the fowl into the developing chick embryo or its membranes has yielded growths in many cases. The best results have been obtained with grafts of the living tumor tissue, but, as in the adult, growths can be engendered with dried tissue or with the Berkefeld filtrate of a tumor extract. When living tumor tissue is used, an actual transplantation occurs. The neoplasms developing are spindle-celled sarcomata, remarkably uniform in structure, and similar to those in the adult fowl, except that in the embryo the neoplastic cells are often extremely long and slender, and the structure of the growth is very loose. The membranes adapt themselves in a remarkable way to the support of the tumors. In them, the growth is seldom invasive; and while regional metastases are occasionally seen, none occur by the bloodstream, despite the predilection of the growth for this path of distribution in adult hosts. In the more resistant structures of the embryo itself, an invasive extension of the sarcoma occurs. Growths originally in the yolk-sac outside the chick may be carried into the latter during the course of development. Secondary growths in the viscera may cause the death of the host some weeks after hatching. In order to produce tumors in the embryo, the sarcoma cells or the agent engendering the growth must be brought into a direct association with the mesodermal tissues. This necessity is responsible for interesting differences in the location of the growths in the various membranes. The sarcoma will grow in the membranes of pigeon or duck embryos, whereas in adults of these species it will not do so; and in chicken embryos of different varieties, it grows uniformly well, a finding not obtained in adults. In embryo hosts of all the sorts mentioned, there is a total absence of the cellular reaction which in adults indicates resistance to the tumor's development. Relatively speaking, the embryo seems much more favorable than the adult as a host for the sarcoma.
Doyle on Tabes Dorsalis
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rodin and Key (1982; 247:646) are to be commended for unearthing the unpublished thesis of Arthur Conan Doyle concerning tabes dorsalis. If, as they say, Doyle's misconceptions of the pathogenesis of tabes are to be faulted, it is because his thesis is based on a review of the literature rather than on personal investigation. However, their remarks on the anatomy and pathophysiology of tabes dorsalis are not even similarly predicated on a review of the literature, to say nothing of their own personal investigation. I know of no major current textbook of neuroanatomy that describes the fasciculi cuneatus et gracilis as conveying sensation of movement and tactile sensibility to the cerebellum. There is no modern experimental or clinical material that equates the thalamus with consciousness, as contrasted apparently with the cerebellum and no consciousness. Certainly, stereotactic lesions have been made in both thalami without causing perversion of
IgE+, Kit−, I-A/I-E- myeloid cells are the initial source of Il-4 after antigen challenge in a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Stefano Luccioli, Dan T. Brody, Syed Hasan, Andrea Keane-Myers, Calman Prussin, Dean D. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
THE DIETETIC FACTOR IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Authors: L. H. NEWBURGH
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During the last hundred years, continuous efforts have been made, in laboratory and in clinic, to find the cause or causes of chronic nephritis. The problem is still far from satisfactory solution. It is true that a number of substances experimentally employed, notably several heavy metals, have been shown to produce chronic sclerosing disease of the kidney. But chronic heavy metal poisoning occurs too infrequently to be etiologically important in human chronic nephritis. It is obvious that causes must be sought, exposure to which are exceedingly common in those parts of the world in which chronic nephritis is prevalent. From time to time clinicians have suspected overeating as a factor in the etiology of chronic nephritis, and, since protein is the only one of the three foodstuffs whose end-products are excreted by the kidney, suspicion rests specifically on the nitrogenous foods. No systematic study of the relation of diet to
Inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated water flow in toad bladder by phorbol myristate acetate, dioctanoylglycerol, and RHC-80267. Evidence for modulation of action of vasopressin by protein kinase C.
Authors: D Schlondorff, S D Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The action of vasopressin (AVP) in transporting epithelia is mediated by cyclic AMP(cAMP), whereas its effects in hepatocytes are mediated by calcium and phosphoinositides. Based on our recent observation that AVP stimulates phosphoinositide turnover in toad bladder, we examined the role of calcium-phospholipid-dependent kinase (protein kinase C) as a modulator of AVP's hydroosmotic effect. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which can substitute for diglyceride as an activator of protein kinase C, the diglyceride dioctanoylglycerol, and RHC-80267, a glyceride lipase inhibitor that should increase diglyceride levels, inhibited AVP-stimulated water flow, but not water flow stimulated by cAMP, suggesting inhibition of cyclic AMP production. Both the dioctanoylglycerol and RHC-80267, but not PMA, also decreased water flow in response to 8-bromo cAMP indicating a potential inhibition at post-cAMP events as well. PMA increased prostaglandin synthesis; however, inhibition of water flow persisted even when prostaglandin synthesis was completely blocked by incubation with naproxen. Furthermore, water flow was not inhibited by incubation with the inactive diglyceride substitute phorbol didecanoate, supporting the specificity of the PMA inhibition. Consistent with the site of action at adenylate cyclase suggested by the transport experiments, PMA and RHC-80237 decreased both cell cAMP content and the cyclic AMP-dependent kinase ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP), an index of intracellular cyclic AMP effect. Assay for protein kinase C activity in toad bladder epithelial cell supernatant demonstrated that the toad bladder indeed contains a kinase stimulable by phospholipid, calcium, and PMA. As an apparently independent effect, we found that addition of PMA, but not dioctanoylglycerol or RHC-80267, to the mucosal bath increased both water permeability and the frequency of granular cell luminal membrane aggregates in the absence of vasopressin, consistent with stimulation of fusion events at the luminal membrane. Our data suggest that protein kinase C can modulate AVP-stimulated water flow in toad bladder by inhibiting cAMP generation, and perhaps post-cAMP steps as well, and support the hypothesis that AVP-stimulated turnover of membrane phosphoinositides antagonize the effects of AVP via changes in diglyceride, calcium, and protein kinase C.
Abstract P3-06-15: Breast cancer molecular profile according to BMI and menopausal status
Authors: G Arpino, A Crispo, C De Angelis, R Thomas, M De Laurentiis, V Forestieri, A Colao, S De Placido
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: High body mass index (BMI) is considered a risk factor for breast cancer onset and is correlated with bad prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, very few studies have associated clinical and molecular tumor characteristics with the patients’ BMI at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. The present study analyses how BMI influences tumor biology and correlates with different molecular subtypes according to menopausal status in a large cohort of patients with new diagnoses of early breast cancer (EBC). Methods: Overall 967 patients with a new diagnosis of EBC from 2007 till 2012 were recruited for this study. Clinical and tumor characteristics such as age, menopausal status, weight, height, tumor size (T), grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, were prospectively collected. BMI was categorized into two groups (low: ≤25; high: &amp;gt;25). Associations between BMI and clinicopathological variables were performed by χ2 test. Results: A total of 594 (61%) post-menopause and 373 (39%) pre-menopause women were enrolled. Regardless of menopausal status, patients with high BMI were older (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and had larger tumors (p&amp;lt;0.0001). However, among postmenopausal patients, high BMI correlates with increased ER expression (p = 0.015), lower HER2 expression (p = 0.05) and less aggressive tumor subtypes as luminal A (p = 0.043). In the same patient subset, women with low BMI were more likely to develop a Luminal B, HER2 like or TN breast cancer. No correlation was observed between tumor molecular phenotypes and BMI among premenopausal women. Conclusion: Among postmenopausal patient, high BMI is associated with less aggressive and more endocrine sensitive EBC. This is consistent with the hypotheses that higher estrogen exposure of breast tissue in women with higher BMI may drive growth of these cancers. If further confirmed, our data suggests that weight control in this subset of women may help to prevent cancer development. Table 1Clinical and Molecular CharacteristicsBMI ≤25BMI&amp;gt;25 N%N%totalp valueER .015Positive15376.132884.3481 Negative4823.96115.7109 PgR .2Positive14471.629676.1440 Negative5728.49323.9150 HER2 .05Positive3819.55013.388 Negative15780.532786.7484 MOLECULAR SUBTYPES .043Luminal A11560.225771.2372 Luminal B3015.74813.378 HER2147.3143.928 TN3216.84211.674 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-06-15.
Conformational analysis of environmental agents: use of X-ray crystallographic data to determine molecular reactivity.
Authors: V Cody
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

This paper explores the use of crystallographic techniques as an aid in understanding the molecular reactivities of a number of agents that are of concern to pharmacologists and toxicologists. The selected examples demonstrate the role of structural data in the determination of absolute configuration, configurational flexibility and active-site topology for a reactive species. For example, the role of absolute stereochemistry in understanding synthetic pyrethroid structure-activity relationships is shown from analysis of their crystal structures; conformational flexibility among DDT analogues, and the importance of conformational and electronic properties in phenylalkanoic acid herbicides are shown from systematic analysis of their crystal structures; and interpretation of active-site stereochemistry is made by study of computer modeling of enzyme inhibitors in the active sites of related protein crystal structures. Thus, the observed patterns in conformational flexibility and their resultant effects on substrate pharmacological profile can be interpreted in understanding the molecular level events that influence biological reactivity.
Outcomes of screening to prevent cancer: analysis of cumulative incidence of cervical abnormality and modelling of cases and deaths prevented
Authors: A E Raffle
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To determine the frequency of different outcomes in women participating in cervical screening.Analysis of screening records from 348 419 women, and modelling of cases of cervical cancer and deaths with and without screening.Cervical screening programme in Bristol.For every 10 000 women screened from 1976 to 1996, 1564 had abnormal cytology, 818 were investigated, and 543 had abnormal histology. One hundred and seventy six had persistent abnormality for two years or more. In the absence of screening 80 women would be expected to develop cancer of the cervix by 2011, of whom 25 would die. With screening 10 of these deaths would be avoided. Comparison of cumulative abnormality rates with numbers expected to develop cancer in the absence of screening suggests that at least 80% of high grade dyskaryosis and of high grade dysplasia would not progress to cancer. The lifetime risk of having abnormal cytology detected could be as high as 40% for women born since 1960.Screening is labour and resource intensive. It involves treatment for many women not destined to develop invasive cancer. The increased intervention rate for cervical abnormality in England is due to change in practice, not a cohort effect, and is probably the reason for the marked fall in incidence and mortality during the 1990s. For other cancers there is scope for major iatrogenic harm from screening because of invasive tests and treatments.
Helicobacter pylori reinfection.
Authors: A Y Phadke, H G Desai
Journal: Gut (1996)

Our recent paper4 focused primarily on describing the histological features of microscopic colitis syndrome in our first 30 well defined cases.We have previously, however, studied different aetiological aspects in both lymphocytic5 and collagenous colitis.6The importance of factor(s) in the faecal stream has also been discussed by others.7
Infantile chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: the role of small intestinal manometry as a diagnostic tool and prognostic indicator.
Authors: J M Fell, V V Smith, P J Milla
Journal: Gut (1996)

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) presenting in infancy is a rare but serious condition of heterogeneous aetiology often with an uncertain outcome.To assess whether intestinal manometry in the first two years of life can help define a neuropathic or myopathic aetiology or clinical outcome, or both, in cases of infantile CIIP.14 consecutive children who presented in the first year of life with CIIP were studied histologically and by small intestinal manometry.Five had a myopathic disorder, four were neuropathic, and five unclassified following histological investigation of full thickness intestinal biopsy specimens. Analysis of fasting phase III activity showed four patterns: (1) (n = 4) no detectable motor activity, (2) (n = 5) low amplitude phase III activity, (3) (n = 3) poorly formed phase III complexes of short duration, (4) (n = 2) well formed cyclical phase III activity with abnormal propagation. The seven children with low amplitude phase III: motility index (MI) < 10 KPa/min, all had a poor outcome (death or dependence on parenteral nutrition) after 1-10 years follow up, compared with two of seven of those with a MI > 10 KPa/min. Of the five with myopathic histology, four had a MI < 10 KPa/min.These results show that small intestinal manometry is useful not only as an aid in diagnosing the aetiology of CIIP presenting in infancy, but also in predicting outcome.
LOCALIZATION OF EPILEPTOGENIC FOCI: THE UTILITY OF MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG) AND BRAIN SPECT.
Authors: B. Barron, L. Lamki, J. Wheless, P. Simos, J. Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Memorial from the Gloucestershire Medical Association on Medical Reform
Authors: J. W. Wilton
Journal: BMJ (1842)

iInto effect the order of the poor-law commissioners, unless compelled so to do, before the expiration of another year, and that upwards of 200 illegal practi- tioners will be again employed for another year, and that somne of his parishes have been taken from him for the purpose of making way for a person who has no qualification of any sort or kind, save the qualifi- cation of being related to two or three of the guar- dians, anid who, uiitil a short time before, had onily acted as a dispenser or assistant, &c.In the first place, I must demur to the title of illegal
Basophil FcɛRI histamine release parallels expression of Src-homology 2–containing inositol phosphatases in chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: Becky M. Vonakis, Kavitha Vasagar, Scott P. Gibbons, Laura Gober, Patricia M. Sterba, Hyeyoun Chang, Sarbjit S. Saini
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abstract LB-141: Expression and localization of Id3 in human prostate cancer
Authors: Pankaj Sharma, Divya Patel, Swathi Chinaranagari, Jaideep Chaudhary
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins are dominant negative basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that lack the DNA-binding basic domain but have intact HLH domain. The four members of the Id protein family (Id1-Id4) are known to play a critical role in the coordinated regulation of gene expression during cell growth, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Although in vitro studies have demonstrated the role of Id1 in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation, apoptosis and androgen independence, its clinical significance in PCa remains controversial. On the other hand there is lack of evidence on the expression of Id2 and Id3 in PCa progression. Studies have demonstrated that silencing of Id3 is significantly more effective in blocking proliferation of PCa cells as compared to Id1 whereas Id2 silencing has been primarily shown to be involved in apoptotic pathway. Hence in this study we re-evaluated the role of Id1 in PCa and extended our study to show that Id3 protein expression has better clinical relevance compared to Id1 and Id2 in PCa. Experimental design: The expression of Id-1, -2 and -3 was determined by real time and Western blotting along with their sub-cellular localization by ICC in PCa cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3. To assess their significance in prostate cancer progression, the protein expression was investigated in clinical prostate tumor samples on high density tissue microarray by IHC. Results: The expression of Id1 and Id3 mRNA was low in LNCaP and DU145 as compared to PC3 whereas the level of Id2 expression was similar between all the PCa cell lines. The protein expression data was consistent with the mRNA levels in the PCa cell lines. All three Id's were primarily cytoplasmic with some nuclear presence. The IHC data showed a significant increase in the expression of Id1 and Id3 in clinical prostate tumor tissue samples compared to normal prostate tissue whereas Id2 showed elevated levels but was not significant as compared to Id1 and Id3. The expression of Id3 protein correlated with the Gleason grading and stage of PCa. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating a correlation between increased expression of Id3 and prostate cancer progression. It also reconfirms and establishes the association of Id1with PCa. The results warrant further investigation into isoform specific effects of Id1and Id3 on prostate tumorigenesis. (Research Support: NIH/NCI RO1 CA128914 and NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR03062. The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-141. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-141