tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants and consequences of atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: A Goette
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent complication following open-heart surgery (OHS). Increased atrial fibrosis may indicate the presence of an intrinsic arrhythmogenic substrate. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether atrial fibrosis is associated with increased prevalence of AF after OHS.Right atrial appendages were obtained from 259 patients undergoing OHS; none of the patients had a history of AF. Atrial fibrosis was quantitatively analyzed with point counting. All patients were followed prospectively until hospital discharge. None of the patients received anti-arrhythmic prophylaxis. Post-operative AF was defined as an episode of AF lasting > or = 5 min.Quantitation of atrial fibrosis yielded a mean volume percentage of 15.8 +/- 4.3% (V%; range 4.6-32.4%). Patient age was found to correlate with the amount of atrial fibrosis (r = 0.165; P < 0.01) and surface P-wave duration (r = 0.249; P < 0.01). The degree of fibrosis combined with P-wave duration predicted post-operative AF (P < 0.01). Age (> 60 years) and P-wave duration (> or = 100 ms) were independent predictors of post-operative AF (age: relative risk 2.20; P-wave: relative risk 2.69; P < 0.05). The patients were divided into three groups: group 1, V% = 4.6-13.8%; group 2, V% = 13.9-23.1%; group 3, V% = 23.2-32.4%. A total of 52 patients (20.1%) developed AF, which occurred least commonly in group 1 (16.3%) and group 2 (21.2%) as compared with group 3 (33.3%).Atrial fibrosis provides a pathophysiological substrate for post-operative AF. The results support the importance of P-wave duration as a predictor of post-operative AF, and explain the increased prevalence of AF in elderly patients after OHS.
Nutritional Supplements for Knee Osteoarthritis — Still No Resolution
Authors: Marc C. Hochberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, and when it affects the knee, as opposed to other joints, it is more apt to cause symptoms, including pain and stiffness, and functional limitation.1 Treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee is focused on controlling the pain, maintaining patients' functional independence, and improving their quality of life, in addition to preventing structural deterioration with the hope of delaying the need for total knee replacement. Published guidelines for the medical management of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee stress a multidisciplinary approach that includes nonpharmacologic measures (patient education, physical and occupational therapy, aerobic . . .
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroblastoma Using Metaiodobenzylguanidine
Authors: CARL-JOHAN EDELING, POVL B??CHLER FREDERIKSEN, JENS KAMPER, POUL JEPPESEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Neuroblastoma is a lethal and not uncommon tumor in childhood. Early detection and display of the spread of the tumor is highly desirable for proper treatment. Nine children suspected of having neuroblastomas were examined by I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) imaging. In two recent studies I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) was used. A primary adrenal neuroblastoma was correctly identified in three cases. In two patients additional tumor sites were found. In one patient, who was in complete remission, no pathologic accumulation of I-131 MIBG was found. I-131 MIBG images were also normal in four patients with other types of neoplastic diseases. A boy with multiple metastases was treated with 100 mCi of I-131 MIBG. He developed transient gastrointestinal illness and there was no regression of the tumor deposits. In one girl with a large adrenal neuroblastoma high uptake of I-131 MIBG was observed. She received two therapy doses of I-131 MIBG (35 mCi and 75 mCi) with curative intention giving a total absorbed dose in the tumor of approximately 76 Gy. In spite of high retention of radioactivity in the tumor, regression did not occur, but her general condition was improved. In the present study, images of superior quality were obtained with I-123 MIBG imaging. It is concluded that imaging using I-131 MIBG or I-123 MIBG should be used in both the initial evaluation and the follow-up of children with neuroblastoma.
Death by CVA
Authors: John Pidgeon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Survival of Implanted Fetal Dopamine Cells and Neurologic Improvement 12 to 46 Months after Transplantation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curt R. Freed, Robert E. Breeze, Neil L. Rosenberg, Stuart A. Schneck, Evelyn Kriek, Jian-xin Qi, Tim Lone, Ying-bei Zhang, Jeffrey A. Snyder, Trent H. Wells, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Laetitia Thompson, John C. Mazziotta, S.C. Huang, Scott T. Grafton, David Brooks, Guy Sawle, Gerhard Schroter, Aftab A. Ansari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Patients with Parkinson's disease tend to have a reduced response to levodopa after 5 to 20 years of therapy, with "on—off" fluctuations consisting of dyskinesia alternating with immobility. In an effort to modify the motor disability of advanced Parkinson's disease, we implanted embryonic mesencephalic tissue containing dopamine cells into the caudate and putamen of seven patients. Two patients received unilateral grafts in the caudate and the putamen on the side opposite the side with worse symptoms. Five patients received bilateral grafts implanted in the putamen only. In six of the seven patients, the fetal tissue was obtained from a single embryo with a gestational age of seven to eight weeks. The tissue was injected by means of 10 to 14 needle passes. There were no surgical complications. Four of the seven patients underwent immunosuppression with cyclosporine and prednisone.
Prevention of Hip Fracture in Elderly People with Use of a Hip Protector
Authors: Pekka Kannus, Jari Parkkari, Seppo Niemi, Matti Pasanen, Mika Palvanen, Markku Järvinen, Ilkka Vuori
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Hip fractures are common in frail elderly adults worldwide. We investigated the effect of an anatomically designed external hip protector on the risk of these age-related fractures.We randomly assigned 1801 ambulatory but frail elderly adults (1409 women and 392 men; mean age, 82 years), in a 1:2 ratio, either to a group that wore a hip protector or to a control group. Fractures of the hip and all other fractures were recorded until the end of the first full month after 62 hip fractures had occurred in the control group. The risk of fracture in the two groups was compared, and in the hip-protector group the risk of fracture was also analyzed according to whether the protector had been in use at the time of a fall.During follow-up, 13 subjects in the hip-protector group had a hip fracture, as compared with 67 subjects in the control group. The respective rates of hip fracture were 21.3 and 46.0 per 1000 person-years (relative hazard in the hip-protector group, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.8; P=0.008). The risk of pelvic fracture was slightly but not significantly lower in the hip-protector group than in the control group (2 subjects and 12 subjects, respectively, had pelvic fracture) (relative hazard, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 1.8; P > or = 0.05). The risk of other fractures was similar in the two groups. In the hip-protector group, four subjects had a hip fracture (among 1034 falls) while wearing the protector, and nine subjects had a hip fracture (among 370 falls) while not wearing the protector (relative hazard, 0.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.5; P=0.002).The risk of hip fracture can be reduced in frail elderly adults by the use of an anatomically designed external hip protector.
Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for toenail onychomycosis: A repeated-measure, single-blinded, cross-sectional evaluation of 7 diagnostic tests
Authors: Kia K. Lilly, Rebecca L. Koshnick, Joseph P. Grill, Zena M. Khalil, David B. Nelson, Erin M. Warshaw
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Breast screening and other fights
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The BMJ finds itself in the middle of many spats—academic, clinical, and political. I like to think that’s when the journal is really earning its keep. The BMJ ’s rapid responses are its gladiatorial forum; open to all who are willing to engage with the arguments, preferably with references and data, and provided always that they refrain from ad hominem attacks on opponents. Several good clean fights are under way: is the H1N1 vaccine safe in children (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/340/jun09\_3/c2994) and should homoeopathy be provided on the NHS (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/340/jun30\_2/c3513), as well as thoughtful discussions on carotid endarterectomy (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/341/jul21\_1/c3879), assisted suicide (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/341/jul20\_3/c3943) and Iona Heath’s article on how and when we die (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/341/jul21_3/c3883). You can watch …
Multimodal Actions of Neural Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of ALS: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang D. Teng, Susanna C. Benn, Steven N. Kalkanis, Jeremy M. Shefner, Renna C. Onario, Bin Cheng, Mahesh B. Lachyankar, Michael Marconi, Jianxue Li, Dou Yu, Inbo Han, Nicholas J. Maragakis, Jeronia Lládo, Kadir Erkmen, D. Eugene Redmond, Richard L. Sidman, Serge Przedborski, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Robert H. Brown, Evan Y. Snyder
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease characterized by the unremitting degeneration of motor neurons. Multiple processes involving motor neurons and other cell types have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) perform multiple actions within the nervous system to fulfill their functions of organogenesis and homeostasis. We test the hypothesis that transplanted, undifferentiated multipotent migratory NSCs may help to ameliorate an array of pathological mechanisms in the SOD1(G93A) transgenic mouse model of ALS. On the basis of a meta-analysis of 11 independent studies performed by a consortium of ALS investigators, we propose that transplanted NSCs (both mouse and human) can slow both the onset and the progression of clinical signs and prolong survival in ALS mice, particularly if regions sustaining vital functions such as respiration are rendered chimeric. The beneficial effects of transplanted NSCs seem to be mediated by a number of actions including their ability to produce trophic factors, preserve neuromuscular function, and reduce astrogliosis and inflammation. We conclude that the widespread, pleiotropic, modulatory actions exerted by transplanted NSCs may represent an accessible therapeutic application of stem cells for treating ALS and other untreatable degenerative diseases.
Quality not quantity in babies
Authors: R B Zachary
Journal: BMJ (1980)

However, it seems relevant to refer now to the incidence of vomiting in paracetamol poison- ing.In total, we have records of 392 patients who ingested analgesic overdoses which included paracetamol; 120 took paracetamol alone, 44 took Distalgesic (dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol) alone, 157 took paracetamol combined with other drugs, and 71 took Distalgesic combined with other drugs.Among these patients only 46 (11-7 %) had vomited or were vomiting at the time of admission; and of the 63 who were treated with oral methionine, vomiting occurred in only 13.Further examination of these cases shows that all vomited before the treatment began but that this symptom did not persist during treatment.Obviously further analysis of these data is required, but it is already appaient that the difference in the incidence of vomiting with this type of poisoning as reported from Edinburgh (77 %)1 and London (16 %)2 cannot be explained simply by the fact that many of the latter data are collected indirectly through the Poisons Information Service inquiries.
Qat-4 and Qat-5, new murine T-cell antigens governed by the Tla region and identified by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: G J Hämmerling, U Hämmerling, L Flaherty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Two new lymphocyte antigens, provisionally designated Qat-4 and Qat-5 have been identified with two different hybridoma-derived, monoclonal AKR antiC57BL/6 antibodies. These antigens are governed by genes located to the right (distal) end of the H-2 complex, within the Qa-2,3 region. Qat-4 and Qat-5 antigens which do not seem to be identical with Qa-2,3 or TL antigens are absent from Ig/ lymphocytes and thymocytes. They are only present on a fraction of peripheral T cells. Thus, Qat-4 is expressed on 70%, and Qat-5 on 30% of splenic and lymph node T cells, Qat-4 is also found on the majority of Ig- cells from athymic nude mice. These findings illustrate the complexity of the chromosome segment between the H-2D and Tla loci and they emphasize the role of major histocompatibility complex-associated genes for the differentiation of T cells into different subpopulations with possibly distinct immunologic functions.
Mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression with sirolimus in renal transplantation: a randomized, controlled Spare-the-Nephron trial
Authors: Matthew R. Weir, Shamkant Mulgaonkar, Laurence Chan, Hamid Shidban, Thomas H. Waid, Dennis Preston, Roberto N. Kalil, Thomas C. Pearson
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
TRAUMATIC AMPUTATION OF THE THIGH, COMPLICATED BY BOTH TETANUS AND GAS GANGRENE. WITH RECOVERY
Authors: Grant P. Pennoyer
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A woman, aged 21, admitted to Roosevelt Hospital, Feb. 16, 1929, immediately after an automobile accident, had sustained a compound comminuted fracture of the left femur at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the shaft with such extensive destruction of the soft parts and avulsion of the skin that there was little, if any, circulation below the site of injury. The muscles and fat were ground in dirt which I learned later came from the bridle path in Central Park.  The patient was in severe shock, and the first treatment was directed toward this condition. She reacted well, and in two hours the systolic blood pressure had risen from almost nothing to 110. She had already been given the usual prophylactic dose of 1,500 units of tetanus antitoxin. She was taken to the operating rooms, and under ether anesthesia the wound was carefully cleansed and debrided of
Potential importance of the sexual transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Robert P. Perillo
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

To identify previously unrecognized sources for acquiring acute hepatitis B and non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, we interviewed patients with these types of hepatitis who were reported to two county health departments in the United States and matched control subjects for known and potential risk factors for acquiring hepatitis. Of 218 patients with hepatitis B and 140 patients with NANB hepatitis, 46% and 53%, respectively, had no commonly recognized source for infection. When these patients were compared with control subjects, significantly more patients with hepatitis B had multiple heterosexual partners, accounting for 14% of all hepatitis B infections; more patients with NANB hepatitis either had sexual or household contact with a person who had hepatitis in the past or had multiple heterosexual partners, accounting for 11% of all NANB infections. This is the first study to suggest that heterosexual transmission may play an important role in the spread of NANB hepatitis.
Actual Public Acceptance of the Neighborhood Health Center by the Urban Poor
Authors: Seymour S. Bellin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An examination of the utilization and evaluation of the Tufts-Columbia Point Health Center in Boston on the basis of three years of actual experience, with use of data from medical records, utilization-recording, and independent population surveys, reveals that 83% of residents make heavy use of the Health Center as a regular and primary source of care and compare it favorably with alternative sources. Fragmentation and discontinuity of care are demonstrably reduced. Neighborhood health centers have the overwhelming approval of consumers, and there is both need and opportunity for further comparative research.
A new cell-permeable peptide allows successful allogeneic islet transplantation in mice
Authors: Hirofumi Noguchi, Masayuki Matsushita, Teru Okitsu, Akiyoshi Moriwaki, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Sunghyun Kang, Sheng-Tian Li, Naoya Kobayashi, Shinichi Matsumoto, Koich Tanaka, Noriaki Tanaka, Hideki Matsui
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Generation and functional analysis of human <scp>TNF</scp>‐α/<scp>iNOS</scp>‐producing dendritic cells (<scp>T</scp>ip‐<scp>DC</scp>)
Authors: D. Wilsmann‐Theis, S. Koch, C. Mindnich, S. Bonness, S. Schnautz, D. von Bubnoff, T. Bieber
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background A unique type of CD11c pos dendritic cells ( DC ) is abundant in inflamed tissue, for example, in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Due to their remarkable production of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF )‐α and inducible NO synthase ( iNOS ), these cells have been referred to as TNF and iNOS ‐producing DC (Tip‐ DC ). While Tip‐ DC have been mainly characterized in murine models of infection, functional data about their human counterpart are lacking. Objectives We sought to generate human Tip‐ DC in vitro und thus provide a new model for the investigation of their phenotype and function. Methods We generated human Tip‐ DC from monocytic precursor cells of healthy individuals, atopic and psoriatic patients using human serum. Resting and stimulated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, real‐time PCR , and by ELISA . INOS activity was measured by fluorometric detection of NO . Results Tip‐DC closely resembled their in vivo counterparts by expressing CD 11c, CD 86, and CD 40 while lacking CD 1a, CD 1c, or CD 207/Langerin. Bacterial stimulation of Tip‐ DC from healthy donors, atopic dermatitis, or psoriasis patients resulted in a similar increase in iNOS activity and TNF ‐α production. In kinetic experiments, TNF ‐α, a putative activator of Tip‐ DC , could not induce NOS 2. Upon bacterial stimulation, TNFA , IL6 , IL12B, and IL23A mRNA appeared in a first wave, while IL12A and NOS 2 mRNA were up‐regulated later on but not blocked by anti‐ TNF ‐α agents, implying a biphasic pro‐inflammatory response. Conclusions We developed a new model for the study of human Tip‐ DC and provide the first evidence of their pro‐inflammatory capacity.
The selective culture of keratinocytes using a cytotoxic antifibroblast monoclonal antibody
Authors: B.A. GUSTERSON, P.A.W. EDWARDS, C.S. FOSTER, A.M. NEVILLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

A technique is described for the selective killing of fibroblasts in primary cultures and subcultures of human keratinocytes using a monoclonal antibody raised against human fibroblasts. The antibody kills fibroblasts by complement mediated cytotoxicity but is not toxic to keratinocytes.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CARDIOSPASM
Authors: Samuel A. Shelburne
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This case is reported principally because the esophagus was so dilated that it led to a clinical and roentgen diagnosis of fluid in the pleural cavity, and an aspiration of the esophageal fluid was made through the chest wall. This interesting clinical mistake has not heretofore been reported, as far as I have been able to determine from the literature. The case is interesting also because of the slight degree of dysphagia. This, of course, was a factor in forming the error in diagnosis. L. W., a Negro, aged 35, admitted to Baylor Hospital out-patient department, April 19, 1932, stated that he had been working as a chauffeur and had been in fair health until February 26. On that day, as he was riding on a street car, he felt a sudden pain in the pit of his stomach and he "broke out in a cold sweat." He got off
The future of preventive dentistry
Authors: A Sheiham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Of the patients in an industrial general practice 1.3% required hypnotic drugs regularly. They were predominantly in the older age groups (mean 62.7 years), with an excess of widows. Only 0.02% were severely dependent; the remainder were mildly so, though they had been taking hypnotics for long periods (mean 5.6 years). There were three main original indications for hypnotics—namely, medical (pain), psychiatric, and onset insomnia in anxious personality disorder. One-fifth of the patients first took hypnotics while in hospital. The group as a whole manifested a high degree of abnormal psychological disposition. It is suggested that many patients who take hypnotics regularly may be placebo reactors, and a more critical attitude to hypnotic prescribing is required both in hospital and in general practice.
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis: types of censored observations
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated if a low dose of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril reduced the incidence of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomised, double blind, parallel group trial design was used. Intervention was ramipril (1.25 mg/day) or placebo for at least three years. Participants were 4912 patients with type 2 diabetes aged over 50 years who used oral antidiabetic drugs and had persistent microalbuminuria or proteinuria. Participants received their usual treatment in addition to their allocated intervention.1

The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure leading to hospital admission, or end stage renal failure. Participants were followed for a median of four years (range 3-6 years). Of 2443 participants randomised to ramipril, 362 (14.8%) experienced a cardiovascular or renal event, compared with 377 (15.3%) of the 2469 randomised to placebo.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the treatment groups in the length of time after randomisation until first occurrence of the primary outcome. Patients who did not experience the primary outcome during follow-up had their …