tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Aging
Authors: NICHOLAS E. DAVIES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1987Exercise and AgingNICHOLAS E. DAVIES, M.D.NICHOLAS E. DAVIES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-483_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial on exercise and aging by Larson and Bruce ( 1 ) in the November issue reminded me of the definition of dawn in The Devil's Dictionary by Ambrose Bierce (2), published in 1911.Dawn-The time when men of reason go to bed. Certain old men prefer to arise at about this time, taking a cold bath and a long walk with an empty stomach, and otherwise mortifying the flesh. They then point with pride to these practices as the cause of their sturdy health and ripe years; the truth being that they are hearty and...References1. LARSONBRUCE ER. Exercise and aging [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:783-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BIERCE A. The Devil's Dictionary. Minneola, New York: Dover Publications; 1911. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 35 Collier Road, N.W.; Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 483-483KeywordsAgingExerciseStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE USE OF DEHYDRATION IN EPILEPSY
Authors: GEORGE WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Rowntree<sup>1</sup>and his co-workers, in a series of papers the first of which appeared in 1923, pointed out the effect that extremely large amounts of water have on animals if given by stomach tube. Water intoxication is characterized by restlessness, asthenia, polyuria, diarrhea, salivation, nausea, retching, vomiting, muscle tremor and twitching, ataxia, tonic and clonic convulsions, frothing at the mouth, stupor and perhaps death. The symptoms given in the foregoing sentence can be prevented by the timely administration of hypertonic solution of sodium chloride. Signs of water intoxication could not be produced except rarely if the water was given by rectum, intravenously or directly through a fistula into the duodenum. Rowntree reported an increase in intracranial pressure in his one flawless experiment. Lennox and Fremont-Smith found no increase in the spinal fluid pressure either in an epileptic patient who drank 1,000 cc. of water as rapidly as possible or
Surgeons introduce computer assisted, minimally invasive surgery for hip replacement
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A team of surgeons in Jerusalem have introduced the use of computer assisted, minimally invasive surgery for hip replacement—a technology that eliminates the need to cut muscles and tendons andresults in optimally accurate preparation and insertion, less pain, quicker recovery, and shorter hospitalisation. Until now, computer navigation has been used only partially for knee joints and dealing with trauma to other limbs, but not for total hip replacement.

Orthopaedic surgeons at Hadassah University Medical Centre were invited by Zimmer and Medtronics, a US company that makes artificial hip and computer navigation equipment, to be the first …
Charles Humphrey Jules Rey
Authors: D. Swainston
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Charles Humphrey Jules Rey was educated at Harrow School and Guy’s Hospital. He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps on qualifying, being posted to Burma in 1942 and attaining the rank of major. He suffered malaria and dysentery while continuing to run his unit. While recovering from sand-fly fever, which he developed on leave in Calcutta, he reorganised the local ambulance service and the railway timetable. Years later when being presented with his Burma …
Stretchable, Multiplexed pH Sensors With Demonstrations on Rabbit and Human Hearts Undergoing Ischemia
Authors: Hyun‐Joong Chung, Matthew S. Sulkin, Jong‐Seon Kim, Camille Goudeseune, Hsin‐Yun Chao, Joseph W. Song, Sang Yoon Yang, Yung‐Yu Hsu, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Igor R. Efimov, John A. Rogers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Stable pH is an established biomarker of health, relevant to all tissues of the body, including the heart. Clinical monitoring of pH in a practical manner, with high spatiotemporal resolution, is particularly difficult in organs such as the heart due to its soft mechanics, curvilinear geometry, heterogeneous surfaces, and continuous, complex rhythmic motion. The results presented here illustrate that advanced strategies in materials assembly and electrochemical growth can yield interconnected arrays of miniaturized IrO x pH sensors encapsulated in thin, low‐modulus elastomers to yield conformal monitoring systems capable of noninvasive measurements on the surface of the beating heart. A thirty channel custom data acquisition system enables spatiotemporal pH mapping with a single potentiostat. In vitro testing reveals super‐Nernstian sensitivity with excellent uniformity (69.9 ± 2.2 mV/pH), linear response to temperature (−1.6 mV °C −1 ), and minimal influence of extracellular ions (&lt;3.5 mV). Device examples include sensor arrays on balloon catheters and on skin‐like stretchable membranes. Real‐time measurement of pH on the surfaces of explanted rabbit hearts and a donated human heart during protocols of ischemia–reperfusion illustrate some of the capabilities. Envisioned applications range from devices for biological research, to surgical tools and long‐term implants.
Consent: Informed, Implied, and Deferred
Authors: Charles L. Sprung
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Abramson et al<sup>1</sup>are to be congratulated for merging the legal doctrines of informed consent with the medical realities of research in the critically ill patient. They have thereby formulated a practical solution to a difficult problem. The institutional review boards (IRBs) of the various hospitals in the study should also be commended for their acceptance of this sorely needed concept. The authors have noted federal regulations that foster research and at the same time protect individuals. Unfortunately, despite these guidelines many IRBs and attorneys are reluctant to allow research to occur without the actual consent of the patient himself. Some people view research as a risk rather than as a benefit for subjects, especially if the subject has a 50% chance of receiving a placebo. Often forgotten is the Hawthorne effect-the fact that one may benefit solely by being part of a research project.<sup>2</sup>
Macrophage Microbicidal Mechanisms In Vivo: Reactive Nitrogen versus Oxygen Intermediates in the Killing of Intracellular Visceral <i>Leishmania donovani </i>
Authors: Henry W. Murray, Carl F. Nathan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

To determine the relative contributions of respiratory burst–derived reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) versus reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) to macrophage-mediated intracellular host defense, mice genetically deficient in these mechanisms were challenged with Leishmania donovani, a protozoan that selectively parasitizes visceral tissue macrophages. During the early stage of liver infection at wk 2, both respiratory burst–deficient gp91phox−/− (X-linked chronic granulomatous disease [X-CGD]) mice and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout (KO) mice displayed comparably increased susceptibility. Thereafter, infection was unrestrained in mice lacking iNOS but was fully controlled in X-CGD mice. Mononuclear cell influx into infected liver foci in X-CGD and iNOS KO mice was also overtly impaired at wk 2. However, granuloma assembly in parasitized tissue eventually developed in both hosts but with divergent effects: mature granulomas were functionally active (leishmanicidal) in X-CGD mice but inert in iNOS-deficient animals. These results suggest that (a) ROI and RNI probably act together in the early stage of intracellular infection to regulate both tissue recruitment of mononuclear inflammatory cells and the initial extent of microbial replication, (b) RNI alone are necessary and sufficient for eventual control of visceral infection, and (c) although mature granulomas have traditionally been associated with control of such infections, these structures fail to limit intracellular parasite replication in the absence of iNOS.
Ventral abdominal herniation through PEG site in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: O. Ozutemiz, N. Oruc, F. Tekin, F. Ozgenc, R. Yagci
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

An 8-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis was admitted to hospital because of recurrent respiratory infection. He was below the 5th percentile for weight, and the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department was consulted for nutritional support. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was inserted by standard pull technique (Microvasive, 16F; Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, Massachusetts, USA). After 4 months, the original gastrostomy tube was removed by traction and replaced by a button device. Two months later, the patient’s parents noticed an abdominal bulging at the PEG site. Physical examination revealed a reducible bulge at the PEG site that became more prominent during cough, which was consistent with ventral hernia ([Fig. 1] a,b).
Increased IgA antibodies to cytokeratins in the spondyloarthropathies.
Authors: A A Borg, N B Nixon, P T Dawes, D L Mattey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--Increased levels of IgA antibodies to cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) and epidermal keratins (EpK) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been demonstrated previously. In the present study investigations were carried out to determine whether levels of these autoantibodies were also raised in the spondyloarthropathies, and whether there was any association with particular disease manifestations. METHODS--Using specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) measurements were taken of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to EpK and to CK-18 in the sera of patients with psoriatic arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Reiter9s syndrome, psoriasis and in normal subjects. RESULTS--IgA antibodies to both EpK and CK-18 were significantly increased in sera from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy but not in the sera from the patients with AS or Reiter9s syndrome, or in the controls. In psoriatic arthritis, however, these levels were significantly higher only in those patients with peripheral joint disease and not in those with axial arthritis alone. There was no significant increase in antibody levels in patients with AS or Reiter9s syndrome. There were no differences in the levels of IgG or IgM antibodies to CK-18 or EpK between the patient groups and controls. CONCLUSIONS--Raised levels of IgA antibodies to CK-18 and EpK in psoriatic arthropathy and psoriasis probably reflect exposure of intracellular cytokeratin antigens to the immune system after damage to cytokeratin containing cells, and suggests a common pathogenic mechanism in these conditions which involves production of cytokeratin autoantibodies. In patients with psoriatic arthropathy, such a mechanism appears only to be operating in patients with peripheral joint involvement and not in those with axial arthritis.
PWE-276 Validation of fibroscan as a screening tool for cystic fibrosis associated liver disease in an adult population: Abstract PWE-276 Figure 1
Authors: R E Swann, Z Mustafa, E Ross, M Priest
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cystic fibrosis (CF) associated liver disease affects up to 41% of CF sufferers and may progress to cirrhosis with associated complications.<sup>1</sup> Diagnosis is frequently made without biopsy. A recent study evaluated the use of fibroscan in diagnosis of CF associated liver disease (CFLD) in the paediatric context, however there are now many adult patients with cystic fibrosis, therefore we aimed to validate the ability of fibroscan to assess liver disease severity in an adult CF population.<sup>2 3</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> We recruited a cohort of adult CF patients diagnosed in the paediatric setting with CFLD and a control cohort with CF but no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. All patients were assessed for clinical, radiological or biochemical evidence of liver disease by the authors and underwent a fibroscan. Fibroscan results were correlated with clinical evidence of liver disease. <h3>Results</h3> We recruited 20 patients, 11 with normal liver biochemistry, no clinical evidence of liver disease and normal liver ultrasound scans (NLF group) and nine with a historical diagnosis of CF associated liver disease. Six of these had abnormal liver function tests but no clinical, radiological or endoscopic evidence of cirrhosis (Intermediate—I) and three patients had significant liver disease with evidence of portal hypertension at endoscopy (SLD). Correlation of fibroscan result with clinical group was performed. The difference between the SLD group and the NLF group was significant (p=0.002) by the Mann–Witney U test. A ROC analysis suggested a cut-off of 11.2 kPa for cirrhotic CFLD as having the highest accuracy. However this requires further validation with a larger cohort of patients. There was strong correlataion of fibroscan reading with APRI score with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.757. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fibroscan correlates well with clinical assessment of CFLD severity in our cohort of adult CF patients and may help clarify diagnosis. We continue to recruit patients and hope to determine appropriate cut-off values for further investigation. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Lamireau T</b>, Monnereau S, Martin S, <i>et al. J Hepatol</i> 2004;<b>41</b>:920–5. 2. <b>Witters P</b>, De Boeck K, Dupont L, <i>et al. J Cyst Fibros</i> 2009;<b>8</b>:392–9. 3. <b>Leonard A</b>, Menten R, Clapuyt P, <i>et al. J Cyst Fibros</i> 2008;<b>7</b>(Suppl 2):S82.
Post-irradiation somatic mutation and clonal stabilisation time in the human colon.
Authors: F Campbell, G T Williams, M A Appleton, M F Dixon, M Harris, E D Williams
Journal: Gut (1996)

Colorectal crypts are clonal units in which somatic mutation of marker genes in stem cells leads to crypt restricted phenotypic conversion initially involving part of the crypt, later the whole crypt. Studies in mice show that the time taken for the great majority of mutated crypts to be completely converted, the clonal stabilisation time, is four weeks in the colon and 21 weeks in the ileum. Differences in the clonal stabilisation time between tissues and species are thought to reflect differences in stem cell organisation and crypt kinetics.To study the clonal stabilisation time in the human colorectum.Stem cell mutation can lead to crypt restricted loss of O-acetylation of sialomucins in subjects heterozygous for O-acetyltransferase gene activity. mPAS histochemistry was used to visualise and quantify crypts partially or wholly involved by the mutant phenotype in 21 informative cases who had undergone colectomy up to 34 years after radiotherapy.Radiotherapy was followed by a considerable increase in the discordant crypt frequency that remained significantly increased for many years. The proportion of discordant crypts showing partial involvement was initially high but fell to normal levels about 12 months after irradiation.Crypts wholly involved by a mutant phenotype are stable and persistent while partially involved crypts are transient. The clonal stabilisation time is approximately one year in the human colon compared with four weeks in the mouse. The most likely reason for this is a difference in the number of stem cells in a crypt stem cell niche, although differences in stem cell cycle time and crypt fission may also contribute. These findings are of relevance to colorectal gene therapy and carcinogenesis in stem cell systems.
Brittle asthma: fiend or phantom?
Authors: M R HETZEL
Journal: Thorax (1998)

In the 1970s the introduction of regular monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in asthma patients led to the recognition of patterns of variation that had clinical importance. Most noticeable was severe “morning dipping” or diurnal variation which was shown to be a prominent feature in small numbers of patients shortly before death or successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation from apparently suddenly worsening asthma.1 2 This phenomenon has subsequently been attributed to the effects of normal circadian rhythms in airway calibre on increasing bronchial hyperreactivity3and the underlying mechanisms are at least partly understood. Turner-Warwick also described another pattern, “brittle asthma”, which showed similar large changes in the magnitude of PEFR, responsiveness to frequent use of inhaled bronchodilators, but a chaotic pattern of variation.4 Some authors suggested that asthma patients could die within very short periods of apparently good asthma control,5 although others debated whether these deaths were only perceived to be sudden through poor supervision.6 Twenty years on these phenomena remain an enigma. Two papers in this issue of Thorax seek to define these conditions more precisely and determine their true nature.

Ayres et al 7 have reviewed current thinking on brittle asthma. …
The Efficacy of Generic Primidone
Authors: Robert Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article in the September 4, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>entitled "Increased Seizure Frequency With Generic Primidone"1 is an example of incomplete reporting. The article is a detailed clinical description of the poor response of one patient to administration of primidone (Bolar Pharmaceutical Co Inc, Copiague, NY) for the control of epileptic seizures. In response to an Adverse Reaction Report (concerning the foregoing) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration, an investigation was carried out at The Cleveland (Ohio) Clinic. The results of the Food and Drug Administration inspection clearly indicate that there was no evidence of generic failure since this patient responded poorly to both the generic and the trade name products. To quote from the Food and Drug Administration memorandum (Alan B. Lisook, MD, chief, Clinical Investigations): Dr C. E. Pippenger, who submitted the ADR report, was a coauthor of an article in<i>JAMA</i>titled
Abstract 411: Pathway analysis of gene-lists associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer: the big picture.
Authors: Jozien Helleman, Marcel Smid, Maurice Jansen, Maria van der Burg, Els Berns
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers in the Western world [1]. The overall 5-year survival is only 30% [2], which is for a significant part due to platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we performed a pathway analysis on nine published gene-sets associated with platinum resistance in ovarian cancer, including a study by us. With this exploratory study, we aim to identify overlapping pathways associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer. Methods A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to determine which functional processes were differentially represented in the combined gene-lists of nine studies (457 genes) compared to all Unigene identifiers or the Ingenuity knowledge base. Results. The GO and IPA analysis resulted in the generation of 23 gene networks, and showed that 13 GO processes (&amp;gt;=2 times enriched), 71 canonical pathways (p&amp;lt;0.05,), eight toxicity pathways (p&amp;lt;.05) and 74 biological functions (p&amp;lt;0.005) are significantly associated with the 9-study gene set. Conclusion and recommendations. Several pathways identified have previously been shown to be associated with therapy resistance: these include ‘oxidative stress response mediated by Nrf2’, ‘TP53 signaling’ and ‘TGFbeta signaling’. The role of TGFbeta signalling as well as related miRNAs identified in the network analysis in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness as well as the possible relation with platin-based chemotherapy resistance is further discussed in detail. We propose that future international cooperation should aim at a uniform pooled-analysis of the wealth of ovarian cancer array data already available. This will enhance the power of each separate ovarian cancer study and can lead to promising results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 411.
Detection of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen in the serum of leukemia patients.
Authors: S Carrel, F Buchegger, D Heumann, C Girardet, C Barras, G Losa, J P Mach, V von Fliedner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) has been detected in biological fluids using a radioimmunoassay based on the inhibition of binding of 125I-labeled monoclonal anti-CALLA antibody to glutaraldehyde-fixed NALM-1 cells. With this assay, we showed first that CALLA was released in culture fluids from NALM-1 and Daudi cell lines but was absent from culture fluids from CALLA negative cell lines. Then, we found that the sera of 34 out of 42 patients (81%) with untreated common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL) contained higher CALLA levels than any of the 42 serum samples from healthy controls. The specificity of these results was further demonstrated by testing in parallel the sera from 48 patients with CALLA negative leukemias, including 26 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 12 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and 10 acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). All of these sera gave negative results, except for one patient with AUL, who had a significantly elevated circulating CALLA level, and one patient with AML, who had a borderline CALLA level, 3 SD over the mean of the normal sera. Preliminary results suggest that circulating CALLA is associated with membrane fragments or vesicles, since the total CALLA antigenic activity was recovered in the pellet of the serum samples centrifuged at 100,000 g. In addition, the CALLA-positive pellets contained an enzyme considered as a membrane marker, 5'-nucleotidase. Evaluation of the clinical importance of repeated serum CALLA determinations for the monitoring of c-ALL patients deserves further investigation.
More than half of GPs say NHS reforms are a factor for them retiring, shows BMA survey
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

NHS reforms are cited by more than half of GPs who plan to retire in the next two years as a reason for them leaving the profession, show results of a BMA survey.

Altogether 1413 (14%) out of the first 10 000 respondents to the National Survey of GP Opinion said they planned to retire in the next two years with most (71%, 942 out of 1413) citing age as a reason for doing so. But the next most common reason given for retiring was the NHS reforms (cited by 56%). Revalidation (cited by 38%) and changes to pension taxation (cited by 27%) were also common reasons given for retiring.

If these results are extrapolated they suggest that about 6700 GPs from across …
MOVEMENT OF POTASSIUM INTO SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING SPONTANEOUS ATTACK IN FAMILY PERIODIC PARALYSIS 1
Authors: Kenneth L. Zierler, Reubin Andres
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

It has been appreciated since the classical stud- ies of Biemond and Daniels (1) and Aitken, Allott, Castleden, and Walker (2) that the concentration of potassium in serum falls during attacks in pa- tients with typical family periodic paralysis.Allott and McArdle (3),