tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration.
Authors: P J Nestel
Journal: BMJ (1987)

alone.Four weeks later she was discharged from hospital taking 62 IU daily.The chloroquine dose was gradually reduced, and she remained respon- sive to subcutaneous insulin.The rarityoftrue subcutaneous insulin resistance has been emphasised.3The patient reported on by Blazaretalhad accelerated insulin degradation in subcutaneous fat but also showed severe resistance to intravenous insulin.2There is evidence that, in addition to its action on hepatocyte receptors and receptor mediated degradation, chloroquine also inhibits lysosomal degradation in human skeletal muscle4 and fibroblasts5 and that it inhibits adipocyte insulin degradation in vivo.6 Chloro- quine's action may help to explain the pathogenesis of this rare syndrome as well as being useful in its management.
Book Review Psychological Aspects of Women's Health Care: The Interface between Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology Edited by Donna E. Stewart and Nada L. Stotland. 570 pp. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1993. $64.50. 0-88048-421-7
Authors: Ruth G. Matarazzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Charles A. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are so widespread that they are considered to be "hyperendemic." Estimates of incidence range from 8.6 to 11.1 million cases annually, many of which are becoming increasingly common occurrences in the private sector of medicine. To assist with control of STD, the American Social Health Association began operation of the Venereal Disease (VD) National Hotline in October 1979. Funded in large part through a grant by the Centers for Disease Control, the Hotline is a toll-free information and referral service for callers who think they have contracted an STD, or who do not know where to seek medical diagnosis and treatment. The success of the Hotline has been measured in part by call volume, which has been in excess of 100,000 calls per year. Highly motivated and trained volunteer operators have answered general questions about STD, reassured worried callers, and identified conveniently located public health facilities
Deficiency of hyccin, a newly identified membrane protein, causes hypomyelination and congenital cataract
Authors: Federico Zara, Roberta Biancheri, Claudio Bruno, Laura Bordo, Stefania Assereto, Elisabetta Gazzerro, Federica Sotgia, Xiao Bo Wang, Stefania Gianotti, Silvia Stringara, Marina Pedemonte, Graziella Uziel, Andrea Rossi, Angelo Schenone, Paolo Tortori-Donati, Marjo S van der Knaap, Michael P Lisanti, Carlo Minetti
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Syphilis, Contagion, and the Place of Sexuality in Late 19th-Century America
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Access to Health Care in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Tina Bhutani, Jillian W. Wong, Bruce F. Bebo, April W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

This article represents a real-world perspective on access to health care including the number and types of physicians seen by patients with psoriasis. It is important for practicing dermatologists to recognize patients who may be less likely to seek care for this multifaceted systemic disease as well as to be aware of reasons for not seeing physicians.To examine the relationship between psoriasis patient characteristics and access to health care and to determine out-of-pocket costs for psoriasis care.Cross-sectional survey.Patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the general community in the United States.A random sample of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from more than 75,000 National Psoriasis Foundation members.Number and type of physicians seen in the past 2 years and out-of-pocket health care expenses were measured.Among 5604 patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, 92.4% had seen at least 1 physician in 2 years. Compared with males, female patients with psoriasis were 1.47 times more likely to seek care (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.18-1.83). Patients with private insurance and Medicare were more likely to seek care compared with uninsured patients (adjusted odds ratio, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.23-4.08 and 2.85; 1.91-4.24, respectively). Among patients with psoriasis seeking care, 78.3% were seeing specialists; 22% obtained care from primary care physicians. Primary reasons for not seeking treatments included giving up on disease treatment (27.6%) and prohibitive cost (21%). Compared with patients with mild disease, patients with severe psoriasis were more likely to seek a specialist for care (adjusted odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.37-1.98). Patients spent an average of $2528 out-of-pocket per year for psoriasis care.About one-quarter of patients seek psoriasis care from primary care physicians, and insurance status affects care-seeking patterns. Giving up on treatment and prohibitive costs remain primary reasons for not seeking care.
The QT interval throughout the first 6 months of life: a prospective study.
Authors: P J Schwartz, M Montemerlo, M Facchini, P Salice, D Rosti, G Poggio, R Giorgetti
Journal: Circulation (1982)

A prospective electrocardiographic study was designed to establish baseline values for electrocardiographic measurements, with specific reference to the QT interval during infancy, and to test the "QT hypothesis" for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In this ongoing study, ECGs are recorded on the fourth day of life and in the second, fourth and sixth months. The state of health at 1 year is ascertained by a phone call. So far, 4205 newborns have been enrolled. The mean QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate) was 397 +/- 18 msec (+/- SD) at the fourth day, 409 +/- 15 msec (p less than 0.0001) at the second month, and 406 +/- 15 msec at the fourth month; by the sixth month, it returned to 400 +/- 14 msec. In 88 newborns, the QTc increased by over 40 msec at the second month. Among the 2000 infants checked at 1 year, there have been three sudden and unexpected deaths. The QTc of one of the victims at the fourth day was 563 msec, which exceeded the mean by more than 9 standard deviations, while the QTc of the other SIDS victims exceeded the mean by more than 2 and 3 standard deviations. These results are consistent with the "QT hypothesis," but more data are necessary before any conclusion on the potential relationship between QT interval prolongation and SIDS can be drawn. This study provides definitive waking normal values for QT interval in infancy and indicates that the QT interval lengthens physiologically and temporarily during the first months of life. In some infants, this lengthening may transiently impair cardiac electrical stability.
Two-dimensional Anatomy of the Heart: An Atlas for Echocardiographers
Authors: Lewis Sassé
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This atlas is obviously a labor of love and high scholarship. The diagrams by Fred Anderson are excellent and clearly demonstrate the primary abnormalities under discussion as well as abnormalities secondary to the primary abnormalities. The bibliographies are short but pertinent and the texts are clear and concise. Although there is no index, the table of contents is complete enough for quick subject reference. This is an invaluable addition to the libraries of all echocardiographic laboratories.  Not surprisingly, in view of David Sahn's extensive background in pediatric cardiology, the sections on congenital heart disease are the most complete and authoritative expositions in the book. The differentiation of and the echocardiographic techniques to demonstrate membranous, supracristal, inlet, and muscular ventricular septal defects are classic. Endocardial cushion defects, straddling atrioventricular valves, atrial septal defects, and transpositions are clearly differentiated.  The techniques of obtaining various echocardiographic windows and their comparative usefulness in different
Nervous System Complications in Uremia
Authors: Cosmo L. Fraser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

In patients with end-stage renal disease, nervous system dysfunction remains a major cause of disability. Patients with chronic renal failure who have not yet received dialysis may have symptoms ranging from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma. Dialysis itself is associated with at least three distinct disorders of the central nervous system, including the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, dialysis dementia, and progressive intellectual dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathy is also a major cause of disability in uremic patients. Aluminum probably contributes to the pathogenesis of dialysis dementia. Parathyroid hormone, the levels of which are elevated in patients with renal failure, also may be a uremic neurotoxin. Biochemically, brain calcium levels are elevated in renal failure, possibly because of the action of parathyroid hormone. Studies on synaptosomes have also shown that parathyroid hormone can affect calcium transport in the brain. Intellectual dysfunction, dialysis dementia, uremic neuropathy, and the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome can be diagnosed when the characteristic clinical findings are present and other causes of nervous system dysfunction have been excluded.
Pause, Listen, Share
Authors: Kathryn A. Cantrell, Sylvia Sutton, Aditya H. Gaur
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Narrative medicine has been an evolving topic bridging anthropology, literature, and science for many years. Patient narratives are a source of knowledge and insight as they provide physicians with information as medically relevant as numerical data about pulse and respiration.2 Likewise, narrative theory has been increasingly used within medical humanities as a means of emphasizing the subjective experience of illness by promoting narrative competence.3- 5 A patient’s autopathography—the patient’s own illness story—is the root of medicine; as most diagnoses in primary care result from history alone, the anamnesis (the account the physician assembles from the patient’s history) is crucial.5 As pressures on our health care system shift the emerging practitioner’s focus from the individual patient to high-volume throughput, it is increasingly incumbent on the clinician-teacher to emphasize the importance of each patient’s personal narrative for constructing both a complete history and a targeted treatment plan. The less acknowledged aspect of a patient narrative is its use for teaching about a disease, for creating empathy in a student, for inspiring other patients and, in the process, empowering them, for making them feel valued
Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung.
Authors: D J Allison, A P Hemingway
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A total of 160 percutaneous needle biopsies of pulmonary lesions were performed in 149 patients. Cytological and bacteriological examination of the biopsy material yielded clinically useful information in 87% of these patients. False-negative diagnoses were made in 6%, but there were no false-positive diagnoses. In most patients the biopsy obviated the need for a diagnostic thoracotomy. The principal complication of the procedure was pneumothorax, which occurred in 24% of patients; the pneumothorax, however, was usually very small and only two of these patients required treatment with a pleural drain. There were no deaths in the series. It is concluded that percutaneous needle biopsy is an effective and relatively safe method of obtaining diagnostic material from a pulmonary lesion.
Normalization of Hyperhomocysteinemia with<scp>l</scp>-thyroxine in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Wiam I. Hussein, Ralph Green, Donald W. Jacobsen, Charles Faiman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for coronary, peripheral, and cerebrovascular disease. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels were described in a preliminary report on primary hypothyroidism.To determine whether restoration of euthyroidism by L-thyroxine replacement therapy would reduce or normalize plasma homocysteine levels.Prospective cohort study.Outpatient endocrinology department of a tertiary center.14 patients (10 women and 4 men; 25 to 77 years of age): 4 with newly diagnosed chronic (Hashimoto) hypothyroidism and 10 who had been rendered acutely hypothyroid (thyroid-stimulating hormone level > 25 mU/L) by total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma.Total plasma homocysteine levels were measured at baseline and 3 to 9 months later, after euthyroidism had been attained by L-thyroxine replacement therapy.Median baseline plasma homocysteine levels in both sexes (women, 11.65 micromol/L [range, 7.2 to 26.5 micromol/L]; men, 15.1 micromol/L [range, 14.1 to 16.3 micromol/L]) were higher (P = 0.002) than those in healthy female (n = 35) and male (n = 36) volunteers (women, 7.52 micromol/L [range, 4.3 to 14.0 micromol/L]; men, 8.72 micromol/L [range, 5.94 to 14.98 micromol/L]). Eight patients (57%) had baseline plasma homocysteine levels that exceeded the upper limit of sex-specific reference ranges. Upon attainment of euthyroidism, all patients had a diminution in plasma homocysteine levels. The median overall change of -5.5 micromol/L (range, -15.4 to -1.8 micromol/L) corresponds to a difference of -44% (range, -58% to -13%) (P < 0.001). Homocysteine levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 patients with elevated pretreatment values.Hypothyroidism may be a treatable cause of hyperhomocysteinemia, and elevated plasma homocysteine levels may be an independent risk factor for the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in primary hypothyroidism.
Rethinking Hospice Eligibility Criteria
Authors: David J. Casarett
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diencephalic and cerebellar pathology in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with end-stage liver disease
Authors: J J Kril, R F Butterworth
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Formalin-fixed sections from the brains of 36 patients (30 alcoholic and 6 nonalcoholic) with autopsy-proven cirrhosis who died while in a hepatic coma were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined for the presence of diencephalic, cerebellar, pontine, and basal ganglia lesions. Significant neuropathology was identified in 23 of 36 cases consisting of mammillary body and thalamic lesions characteristic of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) (9 cases, all alcoholic patients) and cerebellar degeneration (20 cases, 17 alcoholic and 3 nonalcoholic patients). Clinical diagnosis of WE had been entertained during life in only 2 of these patients. All cases, alcoholic and nonalcoholic, manifested mild to severe Alzheimer's type II astrocytosis. No cases of central pontine myelinolysis nor acquired (non-Wilsonian) hepatocerebral degeneration were found. These findings show that the brains of a high proportion of cirrhotic patients with end-stage liver disease manifest concomitant unsuspected diencephalic and cerebellar pathology. The high incidence of WE underscores the need for early sustained treatment of alcoholic cirrhotic patients with vitamin B 1 . Evaluation of the neurological sequelae of liver transplantation, particularly of alcoholic patients with end-stage liver disease, may require a careful neurological and radiological assessment both before and after surgery.
Are risk factors of childhood asthma predicting disease persistence in early adulthood different in the developing world?
Authors: B. E. Sekerel, E. Civelek, E. Karabulut, S. Yildirim, A. Tuncer, G. Adalioglu
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Predictive factors of childhood asthma for favorable prognosis may differ between populations where a variety of genetic and environmental factors are present. Objectives: To document the factors predicting disease persistence in early adulthood in Turkey. Methods: An outpatient cohort ( n = 115) with a mean follow‐up duration of 11.4 ± 0.2 years was evaluated. Complete remission was defined as no asthma symptoms, no use of controller medication, no airflow limitation and no airway hyper‐responsiveness, and clinical remission as no symptoms and no use of controller medication, within the past year. Results: The mean ages during referral and at the final visit were 5.8 ± 0.2 and 17.1 ± 0.2 years, respectively. Thirty‐one (27%) were in complete remission, and a further 30 (26%) in clinical remission. In multivariate logistic models, diminished airflow [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) &lt;80% vs ≥80%] at the initial lung function test predicted current diminished airflow (8.422; 2.202–32.206) (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval), and presence of obstructive pattern (FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (FVC) &lt;80% vs ≥80%) predicted current obstructive pattern (29.333; 3.022–284.724). Furthermore, female gender appeared to predict persistence of asthma symptoms (3.330; 1.250–8.333) and absence of clinical remission (2.398; 1.038–5.254); eosinophilia predicted persistence of symptoms (4.271; 1.080–16.889) and presence of airway hyper‐responsiveness (3.723; 1.129–12.278). Conclusions: Diminished airflow, female gender and eosinophilia appear to predict an adverse outcome of childhood asthma, supporting the concept that variability may exist between populations.
EQUILIBRIA IN PRECIPITIN REACTIONS
Authors: Stanhope Bayne-Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. In these studies several phases of the predpitm reactions were investigated by the use of purified proteins as antigens. These preparations were edestin from hemp-seed and crystalline ovalbumin from fresh eggs. The ovalbumin, isolated by the method of Hopkins and Pinkus,.was apparently as pure as is obtainable by chemical means. This albumin, however, produced moderately severe anaphylactic reactions in animals sensitized with ovoglobulin. Anaphylactic tests of the individuality of a protein cannot be any longer regarded as the criterion of the purity of the substance as an antigen. Wells and Osborne have shown that proteins of considerable chemical difference may have a common antigenic group which causes mutual anaphylactic reactions in animals sensitized to these proteins. In particular, as egg globulin is a mixture of proteins, one of which is undoubtedly egg albumin, anaphylaxis produced by injections of albumin into animals sensitized to the so called globulin offers no evidence for or against the purity of the albumin. The character of the curves shown in Text-fig. 1 confirms the assumption, based upon chemical data, that crystalline egg albumin is a single protein. 2. With edestin and crystalline egg albumin as antigens phases in the precipitin reaction were found in which these substances and their specific precipitins could be demonstrated to be coexistent but ununited in the same serum. 3. When edestin or crystalline egg albumin is injected into a rabbit immunized thereto, the antigen may be found in the circulating blood during 48 hours after its injection, while at the same time the animal maintains a high titer of free precipitin in its blood. 4. When the pure protein antigen is mixed in proper proportions with the serum of a specifically immunized rabbit and the resulting precipitate removed by centrifugation, the supernatant fluid contains both antigen and antibody. 5. The serum drawn from a rabbit during the period in which free antigen and antibody are coexistent in the circulation undergoes slow spontaneous precipitation when kept in sterile tubes in the ice box. The curve of this reaction is reproduced as Text-fig. 1. The relationships of the parabola indicate that the interaction of antigen and antibody takes place according to a definite law. When sufficient quantitative data are obtained to allow an analysis of this curve, the formulas for this reaction will undoubtedly throw light upon the chemical or physical nature of the process. 6. The protective action of the solution of egg albumin as a third colloid preventing precipitation in a reaction between human serum and its antibody was readily demonstrated. This observation and the constancy of the long prozone in precipitin test with egg albumin are in accord with the protective action of ovalbumin upon colloidal gold.