tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological properties in chronic lone atrial fibrillation.
Authors: K Kumagai, S Akimitsu, K Kawahira, F Kawanami, Y Yamanouchi, T Hiroki, K Arakawa
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Although the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying self-sustaining atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear, recent studies suggest that one requirement for reentry, slow conduction, is frequently present in patients with AF. However, these observations limited to paroxysmal AF may not necessarily apply to chronic AF. Therefore, electrophysiological properties of the atrium and sinus nodal function in chronic lone AF were evaluated.Electrophysiological studies were performed after electrocardioversion in 12 patients with chronic lone AF. Atrial enlargement was absent in the patients with AF. Twelve patients without atrial arrhythmias served as the control group. The patients with AF had a higher incidence of sinus nodal dysfunction, a shorter atrial effective refractory period (215 +/- 19 msec versus 238 +/- 23 msec, p less than 0.02), and a longer P wave duration than control patients (115 +/- 16 msec versus 86 +/- 16 msec, p less than 0.01). The conduction delay zone was significantly greater in patients with AF (60 +/- 12 msec) than that in the control patients (8 +/- 13 msec, p less than 0.01), and the maximal conduction delay was also greater in the study patients than those in the control group, both to the His bundle region (31 +/- 12 msec versus 10 +/- 15 msec, p less than 0.01) and to the coronary sinus (41 +/- 15 msec versus 15 +/- 11 msec, p less than 0.01). The fragmented atrial activity zone was wider in the study group (23 +/- 25 msec) than in control subjects (1.7 +/- 4 msec, p less than 0.02). Repetitive atrial firing was observed in four patients with AF but it was not seen in the control group.These electrophysiological features, which are manifestations of the abnormal atrial electrophysiology, would favor production of atrial reentry in chronic lone AF.
Evaluation of structural change in diffuse liver disease with frequency domain analysis of ultrasound
Authors: Kunio Suzuki, Norio Hayashi, Yutaka Sasaki, Michikazu Kono, Akinori Kasahara, Yutaka Imai, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To evaluate structural changes in diffuse liver disease, frequency domain analysis was applied to ultrasonic signals from the liver. We assumed that liver tissue is a collection of semiregularly arrayed small scatterers of ultrasound. We applied cepstral analysis to the ultrasonic waveforms and evaluated the periodicity of scalloping of the power spectrum caused by an interference effect among liver scatterers of a given spacing. Patients with liver conditions involving nonspecific change (n = 6), chronic hepatitis (n = 11), cirrhosis (n = 7) or fatty liver (n = 6) were examined. One hundred ultrasonic signals were obtained noninvasively with a 3.5-MHz transducer, and the space among scatterers was calculated for each signal using cepstrum analysis. Two statistical parameters, mode and kurtosis, were determined from the distribution of the space among scatterers for each patient; these parameters were compared with the histological findings in the liver. Space among scatterers kurtosis decreased with progress of liver fibrosis, and space among scatterers mode increased in cirrhosis. Neither space among scatterers kurtosis nor space among scatterers mode was affected by pathological fat in the liver. These results suggest that we can evaluate fibrotic changes in diffuse liver disease and that we can also noninvasively discriminate diffuse fibrotic liver disease from fatty liver.
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE MORE REMEDIABLE CASES OF DEAFNESS
Authors: C. Holthouse
Journal: BMJ (1855)

Ir-6&dtNALAdON8.73:is" %and them similar to thos of iodide of ethyle.Its anasthetic power does not, however, seem to be so great.Cyaaide of Ethylc.The cyanide of ethyle is the only other of the ethyl.compounds I have to notice.It is well kown that many of the compounds of cyanogen are highly poisonous; but, notwithstanding this, one of them, hydrocy- anic acid is a most valuable medicine in minute doses.It zppears, too, that cyanogen itself has ansesthetic properties, and Dr. Snow asserts that the ansesthetic power of the smoke of the puff-ball, which was used to stupify bees in order to take the honey without killing them, long before the discovery of chloroform, is produced by the presence of cyanogen in the smoke.The cyanide of ethyle I have, however, found to be so potent a poison that it will probably never be available as a medicinal agent.A large kitten was placed in a glass jar, with four minims of the cyanide of ethyle; it made every effort to escape, but in less than a minute it sunk to the bottom of the jar.It was immediately taken out in a state of profound insensibility, but breathing rapidly.Cold water was thrown upon it, and ammonia held to the nostrils, and it slowly recovered, and continued well afterwards.Three drops were put upon the tongue of a large cat.It
Halve sugar intake to 5% of daily calories, says advisory group
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

People’s daily consumption of added sugar should be halved so that it makes up around 5% of the average dietary energy intake, a government advisory group has recommended.

The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition said that a reduction from the current recommended level of 10% was necessary to curb obesity. It also recommended that children and adults should “minimise” their consumption of sugar sweetened beverages because of an association with type 2 diabetes.

The committee said that no change was needed to the current recommendation that 50% of the average energy intake should come from carbohydrates, but it recommended proportionate increases in the daily fibre intake for adults and children. It published a 360 page draft report on 26 June for consultation after its review of evidence on carbohydrates and health.1 Public Health England issued a report on how it planned to respond.2

Ian Macdonald, the advisory group’s chairman, said that the review showed “clear evidence” that high added sugar or “free sugar” intake in adults was associated with increased energy intake and an increased risk of obesity. He said …
Acute effects of nitroglycerin depend on both plasma and intracellular sulfhydryl compound levels in vivo. Effect of agents with different sulfhydryl-modulating properties.
Authors: S Boesgaard, H E Poulsen, J Aldershvile, S Loft, M E Anderson, A Meister
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Changes in sulfhydryl (SH) compound availability may alter the hemodynamic effect of nitroglycerin (NTG). Data on the relation between NTG effect and thiol levels are, however, limited to in vitro experiments. The present study investigates how intracellular and extracellular changes in SH group concentrations (cysteine and glutathione [GSH]) affect the responsiveness to NTG in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS GSH and cysteine levels in plasma, vena cava, and aorta were measured after administration of N-acetylserine (placebo, n = 6), N-acetylcysteine (NAC, extracellular and intracellular SH donor, n = 6), oxothiazolidine (OXO, intracellular SH donor, n = 6), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, intracellular GSH-depleting agent, n = 6), BSO+NAC (n = 6), and BSO+OXO (n = 6) in chronically catheterized conscious rats. In addition, the effect of 2.5 mg NTG/kg i.v. on mean arterial pressure (MAP) was determined before and after the same treatment. NAC (5 mmol/kg i.v. for 2 hours) significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased extracellular cysteine and GSH levels and potentiated the hypotensive effect of NTG (from 26 +/- 3 to 31 +/- 4 mm Hg [mean +/- SEM], p &lt; 0.05). OXO (5 mmol.kg-1 x hr-1 i.v. for 2 hours) significantly increased intracellular cysteine and GSH levels but had no effect on NTG responsiveness (p &gt; 0.05). BSO (1 g i.p. three times within 24 hours) significantly decreased intracellular GSH levels (p &lt; 0.05) and attenuated the effect of NTG (from 28 +/- 3 to 16 +/- 2 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the acute hypotensive effect of NTG in vivo is: 1) increased by high extracellular GSH and/or cysteine levels (NAC), 2) decreased by low intracellular GSH levels (BSO), and 3) unaffected by high intracellular levels of cysteine and GSH (OXO).
Normal and Abnormal Ga-67 SPECT Anatomy in Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: ORA ISRAEL, JACQUELINE JERUSHALMI, SIMONA BEN-HAIM, RON EPELBAUM, ALEX FRENKEL, EINAT EVEN-SAPIR, GERALD M. KOLODNY, DOV FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The appearance of normal Ga-67 SPECT images in the coronal, sagittal and transaxial planes is described. The normal tomographic appearance of bone, liver, spleen, and gut is shown and compared with disease involvement above and below the diaphragm.
Stress Reaction of Bone in Army Trainees
Authors: Richard C. Elton
Journal: JAMA (1968)

For four years, the author's practice of orthopedics has been primarily with the problem of the Army trainee. A relatively large number of stress fractures has been seen. As our ability to recognize these fractures increased, we saw them in greater numbers (Fig 1 to 6). Four individuals with stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bones have now been observed, one showing bilateral involvement of the navicular and of the right first cuneiform. To my knowledge, neither the navicular nor the cuneiform bone has been previously reported as a site for this type of fracture. Some of the bones never did show a fracture line on x-ray film. In the light of this, the term "stress reaction" of bone indicates that in a normal, healthy person, usually a young adult male, a process can occur which is regional in nature and manifests itself by osteoporosis of bone, followed by breakdown
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Brian M Wolpin, Cosmeri Rizzato, Peter Kraft, Charles Kooperberg, Gloria M Petersen, Zhaoming Wang, Alan A Arslan, Laura Beane-Freeman, Paige M Bracci, Julie Buring, Federico Canzian, Eric J Duell, Steven Gallinger, Graham G Giles, Gary E Goodman, Phyllis J Goodman, Eric J Jacobs, Aruna Kamineni, Alison P Klein, Laurence N Kolonel, Matthew H Kulke, Donghui Li, Núria Malats, Sara H Olson, Harvey A Risch, Howard D Sesso, Kala Visvanathan, Emily White, Wei Zheng, Christian C Abnet, Demetrius Albanes, Gabriella Andreotti, Melissa A Austin, Richard Barfield, Daniela Basso, Sonja I Berndt, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Michelle Brotzman, Markus W Büchler, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter Bugert, Laurie Burdette, Daniele Campa, Neil E Caporaso, Gabriele Capurso, Charles Chung, Michelle Cotterchio, Eithne Costello, Joanne Elena, Niccola Funel, J Michael Gaziano, Nathalia A Giese, Edward L Giovannucci, Michael Goggins, Megan J Gorman, Myron Gross, Christopher A Haiman, Manal Hassan, Kathy J Helzlsouer, Brian E Henderson, Elizabeth A Holly, Nan Hu, David J Hunter, Federico Innocenti, Mazda Jenab, Rudolf Kaaks, Timothy J Key, Kay-Tee Khaw, Eric A Klein, Manolis Kogevinas, Vittorio Krogh, Juozas Kupcinskas, Robert C Kurtz, Andrea LaCroix, Maria T Landi, Stefano Landi, Loic Le Marchand, Andrea Mambrini, Satu Mannisto, Roger L Milne, Yusuke Nakamura, Ann L Oberg, Kouros Owzar, Alpa V Patel, Petra H M Peeters, Ulrike Peters, Raffaele Pezzilli, Ada Piepoli, Miquel Porta, Francisco X Real, Elio Riboli, Nathaniel Rothman, Aldo Scarpa, Xiao-Ou Shu, Debra T Silverman, Pavel Soucek, Malin Sund, Renata Talar-Wojnarowska, Philip R Taylor, George E Theodoropoulos, Mark Thornquist, Anne Tjønneland, Geoffrey S Tobias, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Pavel Vodicka, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Nicolas Wentzensen, Chen Wu, Herbert Yu, Kai Yu, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Robert Hoover, Patricia Hartge, Charles Fuchs, Stephen J Chanock, Rachael S Stolzenberg-Solomon, Laufey T Amundadottir
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
A Scintigraphy Study Evaluating The Nasal Deposition And Retention Of Ciclesonide Hydrofluoroalkane Nasal Aerosol And Mometasone Furoate Aqueous Nasal Spray In Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: J. Karafilidis, B. Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Delayed protection by ESAT-6–specific effector CD4+ T cells after airborne <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection
Authors: Alena M. Gallegos, Eric G. Pamer, Michael S. Glickman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces complex CD4 T cell responses that include T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and regulatory T cells. Although Th1 cells control infection, they are unable to fully eliminate M. tuberculosis, suggesting that Th1-mediated immunity is restrained from its full sterilizing potential. Investigation into T cell-mediated defense is hindered by difficulties in expanding M. tuberculosis-specific T cells. To circumvent this problem, we cloned CD4(+) T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected B6 mice and generated transgenic mice expressing a T cell receptor specific for the immunodominant antigen early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6). Adoptively transferred naive ESAT-6-specific CD4(+) T cells are activated in pulmonary lymph nodes between 7 and 10 d after aerosol infection and undergo robust expansion before trafficking to the lung. Adoptive transfer of activated ESAT-6-specific Th1 cells into naive recipients before aerosol M. tuberculosis infection dramatically enhances resistance, resulting in 100-fold fewer bacteria in infected lungs. However, despite large numbers of Th1 cells in the lungs of mice at the time of M. tuberculosis challenge, protection was not manifested until after 7 d following infection. Our results demonstrate that pathogen-specific Th1 cells can provide protection against inhaled M. tuberculosis, but only after the first week of infection.
Characterization of a human blood monocyte subset with low peroxidase activity.
Authors: Y Akiyama, P J Miller, G B Thurman, R H Neubauer, C Oliver, T Favilla, J A Beman, R K Oldham, H C Stevenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Two human monocyte subsets from the peripheral blood of healthy donors have been isolated in greater than 90% purity by countercurrent centrifugal elutration and human serum albumin gradients and their functional capabilities have been assessed. We have demonstrated that one subset ("regular" monocytes, RM) showed intense cytoplasmic peroxidase staining and contained substantial peroxidase activity. In contrast, another subset ("intermediate" monocytes, IM) stained poorly for peroxidase and had low peroxidase activity. By electron microscopic analysis combined with peroxidase localization, it was found that IM had fewer peroxidase-positive granules per cell than did RM. IM coelutriated with some lymphocytes and by cell sizing analysis were shown to be slightly smaller than RM. Functional and cytochemical analysis of these subsets indicated that IM had less activity than RM in assays such as accessory cell function for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and that fewer IM expressed OKM1 antigen and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) receptors on their membranes than did RM. The subset of IM not bearing either the PWM receptor or the OKM1 antigen had very low peroxidase activity. IM also were found to have a greater sensitivity to polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidilic acid (100 micrograms/ml)-induced secretion of interferon. There was no significant difference in the phagocytic capability, the percentage of Fc receptor-positive cells, 5'-nucleotidase activity, DR antigen expression, or the responsiveness to migration inhibitory factor of IM as compared with RM. Furthermore, it was found that the ratio of IM to RM increased after prolonged cytapheresis, which suggests that IM are more mobilizable than RM from the extravascular reservoirs of human monocytes.
The ryanodine receptor store-sensing gate controls Ca2+ waves and Ca2+-triggered arrhythmias
Authors: Wenqian Chen, Ruiwu Wang, Biyi Chen, Xiaowei Zhong, Huihui Kong, Yunlong Bai, Qiang Zhou, Cuihong Xie, Jingqun Zhang, Ang Guo, Xixi Tian, Peter P Jones, Megan L O'Mara, Yingjie Liu, Tao Mi, Lin Zhang, Jeff Bolstad, Lisa Semeniuk, Hongqiang Cheng, Jianlin Zhang, Ju Chen, D Peter Tieleman, Anne M Gillis, Henry J Duff, Michael Fill, Long-Sheng Song, S R Wayne Chen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Abstract 2640: HEF1 is an important regulator of mesenchymal and amoeboid invasion in breast cancer.
Authors: Brandon Jones, Elena Pugacheva
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In previous studies, the focal adhesion-associated scaffolding protein HEF1, also known as NEDD9, has been implicated as a possible dynamic switch between the mesenchymal and amoeboid migration methods of melanoma cancer cells. Management of this switch provides a possible mechanism of control that could potentially open up new strategies for treatments of metastatic cancers. We have sought to investigate whether HEF1’s involvement in cell migration could also be applied to breast cancer. To monitor the switch between the two methods of migration, we decided to monitor activation of the Rac1 and RhoA proteins of the Rho subfamily of GTPases, which are renowned for their roles in actin cytoskeletal dynamics and have been linked to cancer cell invasion. High levels of active Rac1 result in an elongated cell morphology accompanied by mesenchymal cell movement, whereas high active RhoA levels result in a rounded cell morphology accompanied by amoeboid cell movement. Using a series of GST-tag pulldown experiments, we pulled and quantified amounts of active Rac1 and RhoA from an MDA-MB-231LN human breast cancer cell line grown in both 2D and 3D conditions under a HEF1 shRNA knockdown. Our HEF1-reduced cell line shows a decrease in active Rac1 and an increase in active RhoA compared to a control cell line with normal HEF1 levels. With this data, we aim to further substantiate HEF1 as a relevant key player in the balance between mesenchymal and amoeboid dominance in cancer cells. Citation Format: Brandon Jones, Elena Pugacheva. HEF1 is an important regulator of mesenchymal and amoeboid invasion in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2640. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2640
Medical Care by Nurses In an Internal Medicine Clinic
Authors: Reynold Spector
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The quality and cost of medical care provided by specially trained nurses in an internal medicine clinic was evaluated prospectively during a three-month period. Clinic physicians referrred patients to these nurses when they believed that the nurse could contribute to the patient's overall health care. Nurse care was judged to be adequate in dealing with 98% of old problems (defined by the physician) and 85% of new problems (detected by the nurse). Scheduled visits to the physician and unscheduled visits decreased significantly (P &lt;.05) during the period of nurse care vs a control period, but the overall cost of health care per patient was increased significantly during the nurse care period (P &lt;.01) because of a disproportionate increase in visits to the nurse. We conclude that nurse care was feasible and of adequate quality. However, it was not cost-effective. (<i>JAMA</i>232:1234-1237, 1975)
Effect of Regular Inhaled Albuterol on Allergen-induced Late Responses and Sputum Eosinophils in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: G. M. GAUVREAU, M. JORDANA, R. M. WATSON, D. W. COCKCROFT, P. M. O'BYRNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Treatment with inhaled β2-agonists immediately before allergen inhalation inhibits allergen-induced early, but not late asthmatic responses (LAR). By contrast, 2 wk treatment with inhaled albuterol increases airway responses to inhaled allergen. We examined the effects of regular albuterol treatment on allergen-induced increases in inflammatory cells in blood and induced sputum. Ten mild, stable allergic asthmatics inhaled albuterol (800 μ g/day) or placebo for 7 d in a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Allergen inhalation was performed 12 h after the final dose. Methacholine airway responsiveness and blood samples were analyzed before and 24 h after, and induced sputum was obtained before, 7 h and 24 h after allergen. Allergen significantly reduced methacholine PC20, increased blood eosinophil numbers, and numbers of sputum neutrophils, EG2 positive and metachromatic cells (p < 0.05), without significant differences between treatments. Albuterol treatment significantly increased the LAR compared to placebo treatment (p = 0.003) and significantly enhanced the number of sputum eosinophils (p = 0.009) and sputum ECP (p = 0.04) at 7 h but not 24 h post-allergen (p > 0.05). We conclude that regular use of inhaled albuterol significantly increases the LAR to inhaled allergen, in association with an increase in the number of sputum eosinophils and the release of ECP, suggesting albuterol increases the late response by increasing eosinophil influx into the airways.
Studies on the nature of a prostaglandin receptor in canine and rabbit vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: S Greenberg, P J Kadowitz, J P Long, W R Wilson
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The contractile response of rabbit renal arteries and canine tibial arteries to prostaglandins A2, B2, F2alpha, E1, E2, D2, and B1 was associated with a reduction in total sulfhydryl group content of smooth muscle. The total sulfhydryl content of rabbit renal and canine tibial arteries and was not affected by norepinephrine or potassium chloride. Reduction of disulfide groups with dithiothreitol (DTT) selectively inhibited contractile responses to angiotensin and prostaglandins; 5,5'-Dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), a sulfhydryl group-oxidizing agent, reversed the inhibitory effect of DTT on the contractile responses to prostaglandins. Alkylation of free sulfhydryl groups with ethacrynic acid did not affect the contractile response of isolated canine tibial or rabbit renal arteries to any agonist studied. Ethacrynic acid added to muscle strips exposed to DTT resulted in alkylation of sulfhydryl groups produced by reduction of disulfide bonds and irreversibly prevented DTNB-induced reversal of DTT inhibition of contractile responses to prostaglandins. However, addition of ethacrynic acid to muscle strips contracted by prostaglandins did not inhibit subsequent responses to these acidic lipids. These findings support the hypothesis that contractile responses of rabbit renal and canine tibial arteries to prostaglandins are dependent on interactions between prostaglandins and disulfide groups located in or on the vascular smooth muscle cell, and the concept that membrane disulfide groups may be integral components of vascular smooth muscle receptors for prostaglandins.
Systemic Disseminated Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignancy on F-18 FDG PET-CT
Authors: Ya-Jun Li, Yue Zhang, Shuo Gao, Ren-Ju Bai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

FDG PET-CT imaging is increasingly accepted as a modality for evaluation of many malignancies, but FDG also can be accumulated intensely by inflammatory lesions. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with intermittent fever, chills, fatigue, and dyschezia. CT scans indicated colon carcinoma with thoracic and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. Whole body FDG PET-CT was performed to confirm and stage the malignant disease and showed intense FDG uptake in those lesions. However, histopathology confirmed tuberculosis. The literature describing FDG accumulation in constitutional tuberculous lesions is sparse, and one must be aware of patterns of FDG accumulation in tuberculosis in the diagnosing malignancies.
The JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib impairs dendritic cell function in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Annkristin Heine, Stefanie Andrea Erika Held, Solveig Nora Daecke, Stephanie Wallner, Sowmya Parampalli Yajnanarayana, Christian Kurts, Dominik Wolf, Peter Brossart
Journal: Blood (2013)