tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sustained maintenance of exercise induced muscle strength gains and normal bone mineral density in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 5 year follow up
Authors: A Hakkinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate at 5 years whether an initial 2 year home based strength training period imposes sustained effects on muscle strength, bone mineral density (BMD), structural joint damage, and on disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> Seventy patients were randomised either to perform home based strength training with loads of 50–70% of repetition maximum (EG) or range of motion exercises (CG). Both groups were encouraged to take part in aerobic activities 2–3 times a week. Maximal muscle strength of different muscle groups was measured by dynamometers, and BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine by dual <i>x </i>ray densitometry. Disease activity was assessed by the 28 joint disease activity score, and joint damage by <i>x </i>ray findings. <b>Results:</b> 62 patients completed 2 years' training and 59 patients attended check up at 5 years. Mean (SD) maximum muscle strength indices increased from baseline to 2 years—in EG from 212 (78) kg by a mean (95% CI) of 68 (55 to 80) and in CG from 195 (72) kg by 35 (13 to 60) kg—and remained at that level for the next 3 years. Development of BMD in EG tended to be more favourable than that in CG. Muscle strength training was not detrimental to joint structures or disease activity. <b>Conclusion:</b> The patients' exercise induced muscle strength gains during a 2 year training period were maintained throughout a subsequent self monitored training period of 3 years. Despite substantial training effects in muscle strength, BMD values remained relatively constant. Radiographic damage remained low even at 5 years.
Efficacy of Postoperative Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Brian M. Block, Spencer S. Liu, Andrew J. Rowlingson, Anne R. Cowan, John A. Cowan, Jr, Christopher L. Wu
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Whether epidural analgesia is a better method than parenteral opioids for postoperative pain control remains controversial.To systematically review the efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia vs parenteral opioids, the primary alternative technique.Studies were identified primarily by searching the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database (1966 to April 25, 2002) and other sources for studies related to postoperative epidural analgesia.Inclusion criteria were a comparison of epidural therapy vs parenteral opioids for postoperative analgesia, measurement of pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) or numeric rating scale, randomization of patients to either therapy, and adult patients (> or =18 years). A total of 1404 abstracts were identified, 100 of which met all inclusion criteria.Each article was reviewed and data extracted from tables, text, or extrapolated from figures as needed. Weighted mean pain scores, weighted mean differences in pain score, and weighted incidences of complications were determined by using a fixed-effect model.Epidural analgesia provided better postoperative analgesia compared with parenteral opioids (mean [SE], 19.40 mm [0.17] vs 29.40 mm [0.20] on the VAS; P<.001). When analyzed by postoperative day, epidural analgesia was better than parenteral opioids on each postoperative day (P<.001 for each day after surgery). For all types of surgery and pain assessments, all forms of epidural analgesia provided significantly better postoperative analgesia compared with parenteral opioid analgesia (P<.001 for all), with the exception of thoracic epidural analgesia vs opioids for rest pain after thoracic surgery (weighted mean difference, 0.6 mm; 95% confidence interval, -0.3 to 1.5 mm; P =.12). The complication rates were lower than expected for nausea or vomiting and pruritus but comparable with existing data for lower extremity motor block.Epidural analgesia, regardless of analgesic agent, location of catheter placement, and type and time of pain assessment, provided better postoperative analgesia compared with parenteral opioids.
Early psoriatic arthritis: short symptom duration, male gender and preserved physical functioning at presentation predict favourable outcome at 5-year follow-up. Results from the Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Register (SwePsA)
Authors: Elke Theander, Tomas Husmark, Gerd-Marie Alenius, Per T Larsson, Annika Teleman, Mats Geijer, Ulla R C Lindqvist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Register describes the course of early psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a real life clinical setting in Sweden. The aim of this study was to obtain information on predictors of clinical outcomes over a 5-year period with special focus on effects of gender, joint patterns, diagnostic delay and initial disease activity. <h3>Methods</h3> In six centres, patients with signs suggestive of PsA were included in the Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Register within 2 years of symptom onset. CASPAR (classification for psoriatic arthritis) criteria were fulfilled by 197 patients who had passed the 5-year follow-up. Disease activity was measured by the Disease Activity Score including 28 joints (DAS28) and the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA). Remission and minimal disease activity (MDA) were used as outcome measures. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age at inclusion was 46 years, younger in male than female patients (43 vs 48 years). Mean DAS28 was 3.7 and 3.0 at inclusion and 2.8 and 2.1 at follow-up for women and men, respectively—significantly higher in women at both visits. Likewise, DAPSA scores were significantly higher in women. The degree of improvement (change in DAS28 and DAPSA) was similar. Men achieved MDA or remission (50% vs 33%, 25% vs 13%, respectively) more often, and women had significantly more polyarthritis at inclusion (49% vs 27%) and after 5 years (25% vs 15%). Axial or mono/oligoarticular disease was predominant in men. Independent predictors of MDA at the 5-year follow-up were: shorter symptom duration; greater general well-being (global visual analogue scale); and low Health Assessment Questionnaire at inclusion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In early PsA, short delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, preserved function, and male gender are the most important predictors of favourable clinical outcome at the 5-year follow-up. Early recognition of PsA and active treatment may be important, particularly in women with polyarticular disease.
Irish psychiatrists are worried about foreign insurers
Authors: A. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Doctors from the Republic of Ireland's major psychiatric hospitals have met health minister Michael Noonan to express concern that their patients could suffer under European Union regulations for a single insurance market. Doctors worry that opening the Irish health sector to foreign insurers will reduce levels of medical cover for psychiatric patients.

In theory, the Irish market has been open since 1994 to health insurers based overseas. In practice they are waiting to see what the final regulations …
Anomalous Artery in Intralobar Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Authors: Franklyn P. Gerard, Harold A. Lyons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

INTRALOBAR bronchopulmonary sequestration of the lung refers to the association of a congenital cyst of the lower lobe of a lung with an anomalous artery arising from the aorta either above or below the diaphragm. Many theories about the origin of sequestration have been advanced.1 2 3 4 The main etiologic factor is the anomalous artery. It is this artery that, when the condition has not been recognized, has led to serious operative mishaps and death. It is for this reason that angiographic examination should become a part of the diagnostic procedure in every suspected case of this condition. Lyons5 and Steinberg6 have . . .
Vaginal viricides---another way to tackle HIV transmission
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Apart from persuading men to use condoms, women may also be able to protect themselves from contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases by using vaginal viricides. In countries where HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are prevalent but women want to become pregnant, viricides would offer a distinct advantage over condoms because they offer protection against diseases but still allow conception.

Viricides come as gels, creams, films, …
Spatial Vector Electrocardiography
Authors: ROBERT P. GRANT, E. HARVEY ESTES, JOSEPH T. DOYLE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The application of a spatial vector method of interpretation to the S-T and T deflections in the conventional electrocardiogram is described, and the vector abnormalities responsible for the more commonly encountered deformities are discussed. In addition, the isolated T-negativity syndrome is described, a rare type of precordial T-wave inversion which may be encountered in normal subjects and is often indistinguishable from the ST-T deformity of recent myocardial infarction. The spatial vector method of interpretation is found to provide a simple yet rational basis for the interpretation of these often bizarre wave forms.
Glucocorticoid-mediated control of the activation and clonal deletion of peripheral T cells in vivo.
Authors: J A Gonzalo, A González-García, C Martínez, G Kroemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Poly- and oligoclonal T cell stimuli like anti-CD3 epsilon monoclonal antibody or Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), injected at doses that per se are not lethal, provoke acute death within less than 24 h, provided that endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) are depleted by adrenalectomy or by injection of saturating amounts of the GC receptor antagonist RU-38486 (mifepristone). Pharmacological doses of the GC agonist dexamethasone (DEX) alter the in vivo response of splenic V beta 8+ T cells to SEB, thus impeding the expansion of such cells and causing their rapid (3 d) clonal deletion. In contrast, coadministration of RU-38486 counteracts a SEB-induced early (12 h) reduction of V beta 8+CD4+ and V beta 8+CD8+ spleen cells. In vivo T cell stimulation by injection of bacterial superantigen induces a rapid (peak at 90-120 min) increase in corticosterone serum levels, suggesting that endogenous GC might control early T cell activation. Accordingly, kinetic studies revealed that RU-38486 has to be administered within 2 h after superantigen administration to exert its lethal effect. Similarly, exogenous GC must be injected during this critical phase (2 h) to rescue animals from acute death induced by coinjection of SEB and D-galactosamine (GalN). Adrenalectomy, injection of RU-38486 and priming with GalN per se provoke the programmed death of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Thus, three manipulations that sensitize mice for the lethal effect of T cell stimulation also exert a proapoptotic effect on peripheral T cells. In synthesis, endogenous and exogenous GC regulate T cell responses and determine the propensity of peripheral T cells to undergo apoptosis.
Effect of Antibiotics on Tissue Cultures of Human Skin
Authors: C. N. D. Cruickshank, E. J. L. Lowbury
Journal: BMJ (1952)

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN ME,drugs may in fact, by preventing the growth of secondary bacterial invaders, postpone the bacterial liquefaction of the tenacious secretion.Treatment should be directed primarily to the relief of anoxia, the liquefaction of mucus, and the mechanical removal of tenacious secretion.Summary A study was made of 35 children dying of acute laryngotracheobronchitis over a four-year period in Sheffield.Twenty-nine children died of an exudative affection of the lower respiratory tree.Laryngotracheobronchitis would appear to be a more common cause of death in children between the ages of 6 weeks and 2 years than the notifiable infectious diseases.The aetiology of the condition is not known, and the infection is not necessarily specific.Death seems to be due chiefly to mechanical suffoca- tion by abnormal mucous secretion.Treatment should be directed to maintaining an air- way.Antibacterial drugs are unlikely to be effective in the early stages of the disease and may possibly postpone recovery.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the interest and advice of Dr.
Vasovagal faint in the supine position.
Authors: P. J. Verrill, W. H. Aellig
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Vasovagal syncope (Weissler and Warren, 1959) is common in the dental surgery, and it is now recognized that a patient may faint during the induction of general anaesthesia (Bourne, 1967).The reflex is rare in the supine position except in late pregnancy.This report describes a severe vasovagal faint in a patient lying flat and supine.
Fitness and health measurement in air crew.
Authors: W. M. Williamson, E. J. Hamley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

To fulfil the various tasks and roles efficiently in the Royal Air Force good health is implicit but 'fitness' is not so specifically defined. Fitness relates to a task; it does not describe a state of health. Using a system of submaximal measurement of oxygen uptake (VO2), skinfold thickness, weight and health parameters involving an actuarial scaled questionnaire and blood pressure measurement, a fitness profile was developed evaluating health and fitness. The physiologic characteristics of eighty-two aircrew, 90% fast-jet, fixed-wing and 10% rotary wing employed in search and rescue duties, were investigated in evaluating and developing the fitness profile. The results suggest that individual strengths and weaknesses can be identified simply and economically in a framework of physically educating the individual and also where necessary motivating him to make minor lifestyle modifications, the objective being to ensure his health compatible with his task fitness.
Abstract 346: Functional role for axonal guidance molecule Sema7A in breast cancer metastasis: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis
Authors: Ramon Garcia-Areas, Stephania Libreros, Lillian Onwuha-Ekpete, Kathy Schilling, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Reactivation of embryogenesis related processes such as neurogenesis is a powerful mechanism used by tumor cells to enhance their survival and propagation. Recent studies have shown that many types of solid tumors express neurogenic molecules independent of the tumor's geography. Semaphorins are a compelling example of these pleiotropic neuronal molecules. Semaphorins were originally characterized for their role in axonal guidance and several of them have been found to play a role in cancer and other inflammatory diseases. Of the Semaphorins, Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) has not yet been studied in the context of cancer. It has however been associated with fibrosis, inflammation and immune modulation. Most semaphorins are repellent cues and inhibit cellular migration, but Sema7A is the only vertebrate semaphorin that serves as an axon chemoattractant. Sema7A also promotes dendricity, adhesion and motility during neuronal development, monocyte differentiation and osteoclast development. All these cellular properties have been attributed to Sema7A's ability to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAP-kinase) through α1β1 integrins. We have recently discovered that Sema7A is over-expressed in the tumor tissue of breast cancer patients compared to the adjacent normal tissue. Within the tumor tissue, the mesenchymal cancer stem cells had the highest expression of Sema7A. We have also found that breast cancer cell lines of a mesenchymal phenotype express high levels of Sema7A and that transforming growth factor beta-1 can induce Sema7A expression in breast epithelial cells. Further, we show that mice bearing Sema7A gene silenced mammary tumors had decreased tumor growth and metastasis with enhanced survival compared to the control tumors. Our studies aim to unravel the functional role of Sema7A in breast cancer progression. We hypothesize that Sema7A expression in tumor cells may lead to increased tumor cell dendricity, migration, and adhesion through the activation of the MAP-kinase pathway and mediating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Similar to its role in neurogenesis, in the tumor microenvironment Sema7A could contribute to tumor cell migration and tissue remodeling. Therefore, Sema7A could prove to be a novel therapeutic target to limit tumor growth and metastasis not only for breast cancer but for other solid tumors as well. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 346. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-346
Long-term neurobehavioral health effects of methyl parathion exposure in children in Mississippi and Ohio.
Authors: Perri Zeitz Ruckart, Kirsten Kakolewski, Frank J Bove, Wendy E Kaye
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide licensed only for agricultural uses, was sprayed illegally for pest control in Mississippi and Ohio residences. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, we assessed children 6 years or younger at the time of the spraying and local comparison groups of unexposed children using the Pediatric Environmental Neurobehavioral Test Battery (PENTB). The PENTB is composed of informant-based procedures (parent interview and questionnaires) and performance-based procedures (neurobehavioral tests for children 4 years or older) that evaluate cognitive, motor, sensory, and affect domains essential to neurobehavioral assessment. Children were classified as exposed or unexposed on the basis of urinary para-nitrophenol levels and environmental wipe samples for MP. Exposed children had more difficulties with tasks involving short-term memory and attention. Additionally, parents of exposed children reported that their children had more behavioral and motor skill problems than did parents of unexposed children. However, these effects were not consistently seen at both sites. There were no differences between exposed and unexposed children in tests for general intelligence, the integration of visual and motor skills, and multistep processing. Our findings suggest that MP might be associated with subtle changes to short-term memory and attention and contribute to problems with motor skills and some behaviors, but the results of the study are not conclusive.
TCT-715 First Demonstration of dose Dependent Effect of Statin Therapy on Urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Anand Singla, Kevin Bliden, Peter Toth, Udaya Tantry, Young-Hoon Jeong, Ali Tabrizchi, Denny Mathew, Gordon Ens, Paul Gurbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Stromal Responses among Carcinomas—Letter
Authors: Tiziana Triulzi, Rosaria Orlandi, Elda Tagliabue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Chen and colleagues ([1][1]) described a fibroblastic signature desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) as a common feature in different types of carcinomas (prostate, ovarian, colon, and lung). These data are very interesting and relevant from a biologic point of view because they suggest that for a
Serial thallium-201 myocardial imaging after dipyridamole infusion: diagnostic utility in detecting coronary stenoses and relationship to regional wall motion.
Authors: J Leppo, C A Boucher, R D Okada, J B Newell, H W Strauss, G M Pohost
Journal: Circulation (1982)

After a 4-minute i.v. dipyridamole infusion, 0.14 mg/kg/min, serial thallium-201 scans were obtained in 60 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Forty patients had significant (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis) coronary artery disease (CAD), and 20 patients had normal coronary arteries or trivial lesions. The images were graded qualitatively for thallium activity by three observers. Sensitivity was 93% (37 of 40) and specificity was 80% (16 of 20). The sensitivity and specificity of the thallium-201 study were not affected by the extent of CAD, the presence of Q waves, or propranolol therapy. Twenty-seven of 37 patients who had initial defects (73%) had complete thallium redistribution of one or more defects. Patient-by-patient analysis using a regression model of all patients showed that the fate of a segmental thallium defect predicted abnormal wall motion by angiography better than ECG Q waves. The presence of propranolol therapy or collaterals did not significantly affect the thallium redistribution results. We conclude that qualitative interpretation by multiple observers of thallium images after dipyridamole infusion is a highly sensitive and specific test for CAD. After dipyridamole, as with exercise stress, the extent of thallium redistribution is related to the degree of myocardial wall motion abnormality.
The Treatment of Spinal Curvature by Extension and Articular Motion
Authors: E. L. Freer
Journal: BMJ (1883)

certfiad-as hainag: salet fever, was-broght bra scarlet fever ambulance on.A1prt 8th, 1880, atr.x.itewasfound'to ave rubeol; a;d was isolt.On April 10th, to*rds-nigtht, he-had slight sbie4hreat; temperature nomaL On the l1th, iih the morn-, bg, his c6ndition was the sme.Towards evening, his te,perature was 90'; throat much worse, foilowed by sickness, rash, etc. Incu- bation, about seventy-two hour.CASE XL-M.Fs C.e ward-servant, bgan work on entering hospital at 9 A.M. March 28th, 1881, and remained -well till 3 P.M. on April 1st, when she had sudden sore-throat; teimperature 103.6ff' followed by rash, etc; Incubation, one hundred and two hours, -not more.Ar.CASnI.-S.G.,-certified as having scarlet fever, was brought In the scarlet fever ambulance on March 29th, 1881, at .3 Px., and was found to have rubeola, and was isolated.No symptoms of sarla- thia appeand till April 1St, at 7 A.M., wheathe patientihadheadache, sore-throat, fever, and then rash, etc. Incubation, sixty-four hours.REMARKS.-Cases i, vi, x-and XiI are all-of known, definite, and short exposure to infectI, tollowed, by isolation.They show a variation in the iincuubatiei 4riod within thb limits of sixty and seventy-two hours;.tha,t is to say, that towards the end of the third day (the third periodof twenty-four hours'letLgth each)after exposure, theonset of the disease tookplaoe.Iknowof no case of thekind which exceeds three days-seventy-two hours.Case Ii I think as good as any of the above, and in it also the end of the third day is marked out.mI, v, and Ixx show an incubation not exceeding three days.In Case viI, foidr days, or ninety.sixhos were not exceeded.In'VIII and 2xi, five days was the maximum.-In VII and vrni,if the disease were contracted from the child,
Dynamic studies of lymphocytes labelled with indium-111 during and after treatment with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody in advanced B cell lymphoma.
Authors: E M Rankin, A Hekman, M R Hardeman, C A Hoefnagel
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The migration pattern of lymphocytes labelled with indium-111 was followed in a patient with B cell non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma treated with a murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. During the early phase of continuous infusion of antibody rapid fluxes of labelled lymphocytes into and out of the blood were seen. Dynamic scanning showed immediate uptake in the lungs; thereafter activity decreased in the lungs and increased in the liver. Studies of labelled and unlabelled cells in the circulation showed that treatment resulted in the removal of lymphocytes from the blood which was repopulated from an extravascular compartment. Tumour cells were shown to be cleared from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system in the liver. Indium-111 should be used circumspectly because it may cause chromosomal damage in labelled cells, but it is clearly useful as a radiolabel for following the migration pathways of lymphocytes in vivo.