tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-153 Association Between Constipation and Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: A M Power, N J Talley, A C Ford
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Constipation is common in the community, and may affect survival adversely. An association between constipation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) could be one possible explanation for this association. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining this issue. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic (through July 2012). Eligible studies were cross-sectional surveys, cohort studies, or case-control studies reporting the association between constipation and CRC. For cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies, we recorded number of subjects with CRC according to constipation status, and for case-control studies number of subjects with constipation according to CRC status. Study quality was assessed according to published criteria. Data were pooled using a random effects model, and the association between CRC and constipation was summarised using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). <h3>Results</h3> The search strategy identified 2282 citations, of which 28 were eligible. In eight cross-sectional surveys, presence of constipation as the primary indication for colonoscopywas associated with a lower prevalence of CRC (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36–0.89). There was a trend towards a reduction in odds of CRC in constipation in three cohort studies (OR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.61–1.04). The prevalence of constipation in CRC was significantly higher than in controls without CRC in 17 case-control studies (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.29–2.18), but with significant heterogeneity, and possible publication bias. <h3>Conclusion Conclusions:</h3> Prospective cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies demonstrate no increase in prevalence of CRC in patients or individuals with constipation. The significant association observed in case-control studies may relate to recall bias. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Is Essential for Human B Cell Tolerance
Authors: Yen-Shing Ng, Hedda Wardemann, James Chelnis, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Eric Meffre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Most polyreactive and antinuclear antibodies are removed from the human antibody repertoire during B cell development. To elucidate how B cell receptor (BCR) signaling may regulate human B cell tolerance, we tested the specificity of recombinant antibodies from single peripheral B cells isolated from patients suffering from X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). These patients carry mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene that encode an essential BCR signaling component. We find that in the absence of Btk, peripheral B cells show a distinct antibody repertoire consistent with extensive secondary V(D)J recombination. Nevertheless, XLA B cells are enriched in autoreactive clones. Our results demonstrate that Btk is essential in regulating thresholds for human B cell tolerance.
Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of nicaraven in myocardial and coronary endothelial preservation and reperfusion injury
Authors: M ALAM, K KU, M HASHIMOTO, S NOSAKA, Y SAITOH, M YAMAUCHI, S MASUMURA, K NAKAYAMA, K TAMURA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: We investigated the efficacy of nicaraven in reducing myocardial as well as coronary endothelial preservation-reperfusion (P/R) injury. Methods: In experiment 1, isolated rat hearts were mounted on a Langendorff (L) apparatus to estimate the baseline cardiac function. Group 1, 8- and 12-h storage in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution; group 2, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with Superoxide dismutase (2.5 × 10 5 U/l) and catalase (2 × 10 5 U/1); group 3, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with nicaraven (10 −3 M). Following storage for 8 and 12 h at 4 °C, they were reperfused and post-preservative cardiac function was evaluated. The hearts were then switched back to L-mode and paced at 330 beats/min. Coronary flow (CF) following perfusion with KHB solution containing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and nitroglycerin was also measured. In experiment 2, segments of pig coronary artery were suspended in organ chambers and exposed to hydroxyl radicals in the presence or absence of nicaraven. The sensitivity of relaxation response to bradykinin of the prior-exposed rings was measured. Results: The recovery of CF and LV dp/dt following 8 h of storage in group 3 was higher than that in group 1, although there were no significant differences in the other parameters of cardiac functional recovery among the groups. The absolute values of cardiac function following 12 h of storage in groups 1–3 were as follows: 6.6 ± 2.4, 9.1 ± 0.8, 15.6 ± 3.1 ml/min of cardiac output (CO); 1.9 ± 0.9, 2.3 ± 0.4, 6.0 ± 2.3 ml/min of aortic flow (AF); 4.5 ± 1.3, 6.0 ± 0.5, 9.5 ± 0.8 ml/min of CF, respectively. The recovery of CO, AF, CF, SP, MP, and left ventricular (LV) dp/dt were significantly improved in group 3, compared with those in group 1. CF and CO in group 3 were higher than those in group 2. 5-HT caused vasoconstriction in all groups, but the vasoconstriction in group 3 was less than in group 1. Prior exposure to FeSO 4 /H 2 O 2 produced significant endothelial damage as reflected by the right-ward shift of the dose-response curve of bradykinin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. In the presence of nicaraven, the dose-response curve recovered to the control level. Conclusions: Nicaraven may improve coronary endothelial and myocardial function following P/R by its hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
Polymorphic pattern of the (AT)<sub>x</sub>(T)<sub>y</sub> motif at −530 5′ to the β‐globin gene in over 40 patients homozygous for various β‐thalassemia mutations
Authors: A. J. Dimovski, A. D. Adekile, V. Divoky, E. Baysal, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Nucieotlde sequence analysis of the 5′ β‐globin gene flanking region has been carried out for numerous homozygous β‐thalassemla patients with difterent mutations and of various ethnic backgrounds. Four different rearrangements were found associated with numerous β‐thalassemia mutations. The (AT) x (T) y repeat motif at ‐530 showed polymorphic patterns among these patients as follows: All ten IVS‐II‐1 (G→A) chromosomes and the two with the ‐87 (C→G) mutation are associated with the (AT) 9 (T) 5 rearrangement, while the 30 IVS‐I‐6 (T→C), the 16 codon 39 (C→T), the slx codon 8 (‐AA) chromosomes, and 12 chromosomes with different promoter mutations had the (AT) 7 (T) 7 motif. Six chromosomes with the promoter mutation at position − 29 (A→ G) had the (AT) 6 (T) 6 motif, while an (AT) 5 (T) 4 motif appears characteristic for two IVS‐I‐5 (G→A and G→T). No direct association between any of the (AT) x (T) y arrangements and an increased γ gene expression [ g γ and fetal hemoglobin (Hb F)] levels could be demonstrated, suggesting that variations In the (AT) x (T) y motif are common polymorphisms. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Osteoporotic Syndrome: Detection, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Lila A. Wallis
Journal: JAMA (1984)

With a steady increase in our aging population of which the majority are women, the osteoporotic-fracture syndrome is acquiring a sinister medical, social, and economic importance. This book on osteoporosis, written by eight eminent scholars in the field, is a timely and important contribution to a neglected subject.  The distinguished contributors discuss the serious magnitude of the problem from epidemiologic and clinical points of view. They describe noninvasive methods for quantitating appendicular bone mass and trabecular bone mass, which are more sensitive than routine roentgenograms; the diagnostic use of iliac crest bone biopsies combined with the tetracycline fluorescence technique to visualize the newly deposited bone mineral; the care of the symptomatic menopausal patient; prevention of osteoporosis in young women; and management of the postmenopausal osteoporotic syndrome. The book is a delight to read because of its clear, crisp, easily understood language and adroit turns of phrase (eg, the facilitating effect
Long-term effectiveness of resection and radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma ⩽3cm. Results of a multicenter Italian survey
Authors: Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Saviano, Nicoletta de Matthaeis, Alessandro Cucchetti, Francesco Ardito, Bruno Federico, Franco Brunello, Antonio D. Pinna, Antonio Giorgio, Stefano M. Giulini, Ilario De Sio, Guido Torzilli, Fabio Fornari, Lorenzo Capussotti, Alfredo Guglielmi, Fabio Piscaglia, Luca Aldrighetti, Eugenio Caturelli, Fulvio Calise, Gennaro Nuzzo, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Felice Giuliante
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Herpes zoster, homosexuality and atopy
Authors: C.M.E. Rowland Payne, N.A. Byrom, J. Dixey, C. Farthing, J.I. Harper, A. Lawrence, P. Samarasinghe, J.K. Oates, R.C.D. Staughton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Herpes zoster, homosexuality and atopy Get access C.M.E. Rowland Payne, C.M.E. Rowland Payne St Stephen's Hospital, London†Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.A. Byrom, N.A. Byrom †Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Dixey, J. Dixey †Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Farthing, C. Farthing St Stephen's Hospital, London†Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. Harper, J.I. Harper St Stephen's Hospital, London†Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Lawrence, A. Lawrence St Stephen's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Samarasinghe, P. Samarasinghe St Stephen's Hospital, London†Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.K. Oates, J.K. Oates †Westminster Hospital, LondonAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.C.D. Staughton R.C.D. Staughton St Stephen's Hospital, London†Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 23–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05243.x Published: 01 July 1984
Cirrhosis, Renin, and Aldosterone
Authors: JEROME G. PORUSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1981Cirrhosis, Renin, and AldosteroneJEROME G. PORUSH, M.D., SHYAN-YIH CHOU, M.D.JEROME G. PORUSH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SHYAN-YIH CHOU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-1-120 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their recent article Arroyo and associates (1) showed in patients with nonazotemic cirrhosis and ascites that those with elevated plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone and decreased urinary sodium excretion had a significantly lower survival rate during the first 2 years after initial observation (with most of the deaths occurring during the first 10 months) than patients with normal plasma renin activity and aldosterone and relatively high sodium excretion. On the basis of these findings the authors suggested that their patients could be divided into two groups and that elevated plasma renin activity was a marker...References1. ARROYOBOSCHGAYA-BEITRAN VJJ. Plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion as prognostic indicators in nonazotemic cirrhosis and ascites. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:198-201. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FLOMBAUMCHOUPORUSH CSJ. Serial evaluation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in caval dogs. Circ Res. 1978;42:778-86. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHONKOBAYSTEINFERRIS AWJT. The role of renin and aldosterone in the salt retention of edema. Am J Med. 1977;63:881-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EPSTEINLEVINSONSANCHOHABERRE MRJER. Characterization of the renin-aldosterone system in decompensated cirrhosis. Circ Res. 1977;41:818-29. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brookdale Hospital Medical Center Brooklyn, NY 11212 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1981Volume 95, Issue 1Page: 120-121KeywordsAldosteroneAscitesBlood plasmaCirrhosisExcretionPlasma renin activitySodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Elucidation of the brain correlates of cognitive empathy and self-awareness
Authors: Julian Paul Keenan, Mark A. Wheeler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Self-awareness is thought to be tied to processes of higher-order perspective taking including empathy. These abilities appear to be reserved for humans, great apes, and possibly, dolphins. Recent examinations reveal that both self-awareness and empathy may have origins in the right hemisphere. It is possible that, as in language, lateralization plays a key role in the development of higher-order perspective taking and self-awareness.
Response of Physicians to Medical Complaints in Men and Women
Authors: Karen J. Armitage
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Workups by physicians in response to five common complaints in a sample of 104 men and women—52 married couples—were evaluated by chart audit. For the total group of complaints, back pain, headache, dizziness, chest pain, and fatigue, the physicians' workups were significantly more extensive for men than they were for women. These data tend to support the argument that male physicians take medical illness more seriously in men than in women. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2186-2187, 1979)
Endosonography can detect residual tumour infiltration after medical treatment of oesophageal cancer in the absence of endoscopic lesions.
Authors: J B Nousbaum, M Robaszkiewicz, J M Cauvin, G Calament, H Gouerou
Journal: Gut (1992)

Endoscopic ultrasound (endosonography) is useful in the preoperative staging of oesophageal tumours. It may also have a role in evaluation and surveillance of patients with inoperable carcinomas. Thirty four patients with inoperable oesophageal cancer were investigated by endosonography and computed tomography before medical treatment. In 10 patients receiving combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the endoscopic lesions resolved and biopsy specimens were negative. When endosonography suggested the persistence of tumour infiltration in these patients, a local recurrence or distant metastases appeared within a few months. In contrast, when no infiltration was detected, no tumoral recurrence or progression was observed within eight months. These results suggest that endosonography is better than endoscopic biopsy specimens and computed tomography in assessing the response of oesophageal carcinoma to non-surgical treatment.
Water world 2000.
Authors: J Tibbetts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Today, at least one-fifth of all people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water, a problem that will almost certainly worsen as the earth's population grows. Although the vast majority of industrial discharges into waterways are regulated and treated, and most cities and towns effectively monitor and treat their sewage for chemical contaminants, problems such as arsenic contamination and dangerous microorganisms still trouble public water supplies in wealthy nations. In developing countries, most cities discharge 80-90% of their untreated sewage directly into rivers and streams, which are used for drinking, bathing, and washing. This lack of sewage treatment has allowed dangerous microorganisms to spread, posing one of the greatest threats to human health in the developing world: waterborne diseases caused by deadly microbes in water. Contamination isn't the only problem: in many areas of the world, drinkable water is a scarce resource available to many only at high cost, when it is available at all.
Comparison of the Bard Trak&amp;trade; Test with Voided Urine Cytology in the Diagnosis and Follow&amp;ndash;Up of Bladder Tumors
Authors: Denis Chautard, Alain Daver, Vincent Bocquillon, V&eacute;ronique Verriele, Philippe Colls, G&eacute;rard Bertrand, Jean-Yves Soret
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Development of a Male Contraceptive — A Beginning
Authors: William F. Crowley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The hypothalamic factor responsible for controlling the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary (gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]) was isolated and characterized in 1971.1 Since its decapeptide structure has proved amenable to chemical modification, a family of analogues (both agonists and antagonists) has been synthesized. The GnRH agonists modified at positions 6 and 10 are quite potent in comparison to the native hormone.2 Their resistance to degradation has allowed them to be used as exceptionally powerful magnifying glasses that permit greater insights into the physiology of this hormone. They have served as probes3 into the kinetics of the anterior pituitary receptor . . .
Validation of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) and U.K. criteria for atopic eczema in Ethiopian children
Authors: A. Haileamlak, S.A. Lewis, J. Britton, A.J. Venn, D. Woldemariam, R. Hubbard, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Reliable diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema (AE) are essential in order to make international comparisons and to identify possible disease risk factors. Little is known about the prevalence of atopic eczema and validity of diagnostic criteria for AE in developing countries where English is not the first language. Objectives We sought to determine the prevalence of AE in an area of urban and rural Ethiopia, and to compare the predictive values of different questionnaire and examination methods for diagnosing AE in this population. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 7915 children aged 1–5 years living in and around the town of Jimma in southwest Ethiopia. AE prevalence was assessed in two ways: (i) by using the International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, and (ii) using the U.K. refinement of Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria. All possible cases identified by screening questions and random samples of controls were then examined by an experienced local paediatrician, who acted as a reference standard to determine the predictive value of the criteria used to diagnose AE. Results The overall 1‐year period prevalence of AE according to ISAAC and U.K. criteria was 4·4%[95% confidence interval (CI) 3·95–4·85] and 1·8% (95% CI 1·5–2·1), respectively. Corresponding point prevalence estimates (symptoms in the last week) were 1·8% for ISAAC and 1·3% for the U.K. criteria. The positive predictive values of the ISAAC and U.K. criteria questions for AE symptoms still reported to be present (in the last week) at the doctor's examination were 48·8% and 55·5%, respectively. Corresponding negative predictive values were 90·5% and 90·1%, respectively. The sign of visible flexural dermatitis (a component of the U.K. criteria) when used alone had positive and negative predictive values of 57% and 91%, respectively. Conclusions Neither the ISAAC nor U.K. criteria performed especially well in predicting cases of AE in this survey. Possible reasons include problems with questionnaire translation, cultural conceptions of terminology, asking parents rather than the child about symptoms, the transient nature of AE signs, and differences in what a doctor perceives to constitute a typical case of AE. The results do not preclude the use of standardized diagnostic criteria alongside a doctor's examination in future surveys of Ethiopian children, and knowledge of the criteria's limited predictive value should help to interpret study findings that have employed such criteria. Consideration should be given to adopting the sign of visible flexural dermatitis as a standard for estimating the point prevalence of AE throughout the world because it is less susceptible to problems with translation and interpretation.
A novel syndrome of congenital sideroblastic anemia, B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD)
Authors: Daniel H. Wiseman, Alison May, Stephen Jolles, Philip Connor, Colin Powell, Matthew M. Heeney, Patricia J. Giardina, Robert J. Klaassen, Pranesh Chakraborty, Michael T. Geraghty, Nathalie Major-Cook, Caroline Kannengiesser, Isabelle Thuret, Alexis A. Thompson, Laura Marques, Stephen Hughes, Denise K. Bonney, Sylvia S. Bottomley, Mark D. Fleming, Robert F. Wynn
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Lecture ON THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ULCER OF THE STOMACH AND OF ITS COMPLICATIONS: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic
Authors: B. G. A. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1905)

GENTLEMEN,-The subject upon which I am to lecture to-day is the Surgical Treatment of Ulcer of the Stomach and of its Complications.I propose to consider the various conditions
Autoregulation of bradykinin receptors and bradykinin-induced prostacyclin formation in human fibroblasts.
Authors: A A Roscher, V C Manganiello, C L Jelsema, J Moss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The interaction of bradykinin (BK) with its specific receptors on intact cultured human fibroblasts results in production of prostaglandins, including prostacyclin (PGI2), and accumulation of cyclic AMP. Incubation of cells with 1 microM BK for 5 min at 37 degrees C led to a marked reduction (75-90%) in BK-induced PGI2 release and in total number of [3H]BK-binding sites with no change in dissociation constant (6.1 and 7.6 nM for control and BK-treated cells, respectively). The decrease in receptor number did not result from BK transferred from the first incubation into the binding assay. BK-induced receptor loss was temperature dependent; exposure of cells to BK at 4 degrees C had little or no effect on receptor number. After incubation with BK for approximately equal to 15 min, further incubation in the absence of BK for 30 min at 37 degrees C almost completely restored both receptor number and BK-induced PGI2 release. With more prolonged exposure to BK (greater than 1 h), restoration of receptors was inversely related to the length of exposure and the concentration of BK. Recovery was unaffected by cycloheximide. During prolonged incubation without removal of BK, cells began to recover receptors by 5 h; greater than 99% of the bradykinin initially present disappeared by 3 h. Bacitracin greatly retarded BK disappearance and totally prevented recovery. These observations provide direct evidence that the number of BK receptors on cultured human fibroblasts can be regulated by BK itself. In addition, it appears that BK-degrading systems, by influencing local concentrations of the peptide, may play an important role in the autoregulation of BK receptors. The presence of highly active degradation systems might serve to protect target tissues from developing chronic insensitivity to BK and, perhaps, similar peptides.