tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trackable and Targeted Phage as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Agent for Cancer Imaging
Authors: Zibo Li, Qiaoling Jin, Chiunwei Huang, Siva Dasa, Liaohai Chen, Li-peng Yap, Shuanglong Liu, Hancheng Cai, Ryan Park, Peter S Conti
Journal: Theranostics (2011)

The recent advancement of nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of nanoparticle enabled technologies for detecting and treating cancer.Here, we reported the construction of a PET trackable organic nanoplatform based on phage particle for targeted tumor imaging.Method: The integrin α v β 3 targeted phage nanoparticle was constructed by expressing RGD peptides on its surface.The target binding affinity of this engineered phage particle was evaluated in vitro.A bifunctional chelator (BFC) 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or 4- ((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo [6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino) methyl) benzoic acid (AmBaSar) was then conjugated to the phage surface for 64 Cu 2+ chelation.After 64 Cu radiolabeling, microPET imaging was performed in U87MG tumor model and the receptor specificity was confirmed by blocking experiments.Results: The phage-RGD demonstrated target specificity based on ELISA experiment.According to the TEM images, the morphology of the phage was unchanged after the modification with BFCs.The labeling yield was 25 ± 4% for 64 Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD and 46 ± 5% for 64 Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD, respectively.At 1 h time point, 64 Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD and 64 Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD have comparable tumor uptake (~ 8%ID/g).However, 64 Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD showed significantly higher tumor uptake (13.2 ± 1.5 %ID/g, P<0.05) at late time points compared with 64 Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD (10 ± 1.2 %ID/g). 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD also demonstrated significantly lower liver uptake, which could be attributed to the stability difference between these chelators.There is no significant difference between two tracers regarding the uptake in kidney and muscle at all time points tested.In order to confirm the receptor specificity, blocking experiment was performed.In the RGD blocking experiment, the cold RGD peptide was injected 2 min before the administration of 64 Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD. Tumor uptake was partially blocked at 1 h time point.Phage-RGD particle was also used as the competitive ligand.In this case, the tumor uptake was significantly reduced and the value was kept at low level consistently.Conclusion: In this report, we constructed a PET trackable nanoplatform based on phage particle and demonstrated the imaging capability of these targeted agents.We also demonstrated that the choice of chelator could have significant impact on imaging results of nano-agents.The method established in this research may be applicable to other receptor/ligand systems for theranostic agent construction, which could have an immediate and profound impact on the field of imaging/therapy and lay the foundation for the construction of next generation cancer specific theranostic agents.
General practitioner outpatient referrals.
Authors: D A Nunez
Journal: BMJ (1991)

there is such a level of apathy and indifference among BMA members?As one who wishes to see a more vigorous, responsive, and successful BMA I suggest that greater use be made of the secret ballot at divisional meetings, and that rules be changed so that secret ballots can be held at the request of any member present.Any form of secret ballot, correctly used, could encourage a greater sense of participation and thus help to ensure the future success of our BMA.
Resuscitation and Other Uses of Artificial Respiration
Authors: James L. Whittenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Gravity MethodsCyclic tilting of the long axis of the body has proved to be a valuable aid to respiration, particularly in the convalescent phase of respiratory poliomyelitis.50 , 51 Shifting of the abdominal contents causes a piston-like action of the diaphragm that is fairly effective in ventilating the lungs; there is much less evidence for the circulatory acceleration said to accompany the respiratory oscillations.52 The rapidly rocking bed has at least two purposes in patients with poliomyelitis. When some respiratory-muscle power has returned the patient can emerge from the tank respirator periodically and for progressively longer intervals, profiting from greater freedom . . .
Myocardial Infarction Associated with the Use of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Dear Hd, Jones Wb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Two women, ages 27 and 37, experienced an acute myocardial infarction while taking oral contraceptives. Both showed electrocardiographic changes of acute anterior infarction, and on coronary angiography both were found to have occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. In one case there were no known predisposing factors present, whereas in the other a family history of heart disease and recent weight loss may have played a role in the illness. Although a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be proved, the possibility of an association between premature coronary occlusion and the use of oral contraceptives is raised.
Sickle Cell Trait and Splenic Syndrome
Authors: Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The peculiar susceptibility of nonblack carriers of the sickle cell trait to splenic infarction or sequestration on ascent to moderately high altitudes seems to be real, although ascertainment bias cannot totally be excluded. Why should this be so? The recent report by Lane and Githens 1 might provide a clue. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of their patients—94.5 femtoliters (fL)— seems to be considerably higher than the MCV of black patients with sickle trait having hemoglobin S concentrations of about 40%. For example, in 90 black men with hemoglobin S levels between 35% and 40%, the MCV was 83.2 fL, and in 116 black men with hemoglobin S levels greater than 40%, the MCV was 86.9 fL (A. Kennedy, MD, D. A. Walsh, PhD, R. Nicholson, MS, et al, unpublished data, 1985). α-Thalassemia is the major modulator of hemoglobin S levels and MCV in blacks with sickle
Alveolar Vascularization of the Lung in a Lamb Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: ANDREW TING, PHILIP L. GLICK, DUNCAN T. WILCOX, BRUCE A. HOLM, JOAN GIL, MARY DiMAIO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension are factors limiting the survival of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). A reduction in the number of pre-acinar pulmonary vessels and increased muscularization are the structural lesions implicated as causes of irreversible hypoxemia. Whether there is a reduction in the number of air-blood barriers, which represent the capillary surface area of the lung involved in gas exchange, is unknown. We sought to determine if the lungs of CDH lambs have: (1) a reduction in total capillary surface area proportionate to the reduction in the total alveolar surface area of the lung; and/or (2) a disproportionate reduction in the number of capillaries (air blood barriers) within each acinus. The latter measurement was determined by calculating the capillary load which we defined as the number of air blood barriers/unit of surface density. At 80 d gestation (pseudoglandular period), a diaphragmatic hernia was created surgically in one lamb fetus of a twin gestation. At term, the fetuses were removed, the chests opened and the lungs fixed by a tracheal infusion of 1.5% glutaraldehyde at 25 cm of water pressure. Tissues from the lower lobes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Using computerized interactive morphometry, alveolar and capillary surface area, and capillary load were determined by intersection and point counting for the right and left lungs. The data show that the total alveolar surface area of the left CDH and control lungs were 1.8 ± 0.8 m2 and 6.1 ± 1.1 m2 (p < 0.01), respectively, and for the right CDH and control lungs 2.5 m2 ± 0.1 and 11.2 ± 1.9 m2 (p < 0.01), respectively. The total capillary surface area for the left CDH and control lungs were 0.7 ± 0.3 m2 and 2.8 ± 1.2 m2 (p < 0.05), respectively, and for the right CDH and control lungs 0.9 ± 0.3 m2 and 3.8 ± 1.5 m2 (p < 0.05), respectively. The capillary load was not statistically different. These findings demonstrate that the lungs in CDH are deficiently vascularized at the alveolar surface due to a reduction in the total alveolar surface area. Each acinus contains the same number of air blood barriers per unit of alveolar surface area indicating a normal acinar composition.
Adherent leukocytes capture sickle erythrocytes in an in vitro flow model of vaso‐occlusion
Authors: Eileen M. Finnegan, Aslihan Turhan, David E. Golan, Gilda A. Barabino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Recent in vivo studies suggest that adherent leukocytes bind RBCs and contribute to the microvascular pathology that characterizes sickle cell disease (SCD). A parallel-plate flow assay was used: to investigate the capture of RBCs by adherent neutrophils, monocytes, and T-lymphocytes; to examine whether RBC capture is elevated in patients with SCD; and to determine whether hydroxyurea (HU) therapy affects these interactions. Four measures of cell-cell adhesion were used: adhesion of leukocytes to TNF-alpha-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), percent of adherent leukocytes that captured RBCs, number of RBCs captured per interacting leukocyte, and duration of RBC capture. Leukocyte subpopulations from sickle patients were more adherent to activated ECs and captured more RBCs per interacting leukocyte than the corresponding subpopulations from healthy controls. While HU did not affect leukocyte adhesion to activated ECs, it reduced the proportion of adherent leukocytes that captured RBCs, as well as the number of RBCs captured per neutrophil. T-lymphocytes demonstrated elevated adhesion in all measures, and may be the leukocyte subpopulation whose behavior is most altered in SCD. Our findings suggest that neutrophils, monocytes, and T-lymphocytes could all be involved in adhesive interactions with autologous RBCs in patients with SCD.
A Phase II intra‐patient dose‐escalation trial of weight‐based darbepoetin alfa with or without granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jason Gotlib, Philip Lavori, Sylvia Quesada, Richard S. Stein, Shahin Shahnia, Peter L. Greenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

This Phase II study evaluated darbepoetin alfa (DA) in 24 patients with predominantly low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Intra-patient dose escalation of DA was undertaken in three 6-week dose cohorts until a major erythroid response was achieved: 4.5 mcg/kg/week, 9 mcg/kg/week, and 9 mcg/kg/week plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 2.5 mcg/kg twice weekly. Patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) commenced DA at 9 mcg/kg/week. The weight-based dosing regimen translated into a median starting DA dose of 390 mcg/week. Erythroid responses were observed in 16/24 patients (67%; 12 major and 4 minor), with a median response duration of 11 months in major responders. Addition of G-CSF generated a major erythroid response in 7/15 patients (47%) who suboptimally responded to DA alone. DA was well tolerated, except for worsening of baseline mild hypertension and renal insufficiency in one patient with diabetes. IPSS score <0.5 and RBC transfusions <2 units/month increased the probability of an erythroid response. A minority of subjects (12%) developed low-level non-neutralizing anti-DA antibodies. Our data indicate that weekly weight-based dosing of DA, with the addition of G-CSF in selected individuals, can be an effective erythropoietic option in a high proportion of lower-risk MDS patients.
Myelopathy After Duck Embryo Rabies Vaccine
Authors: Harold N. Mozar
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Since the introduction of the rabies duck embryo vaccine, largely replacing the rabies nerve tissue vaccine formerly used, neurological complications of rabies vaccination have become very infrequent. We report the results of studies on a patient who developed myelopathy following vaccination with duck embryo vaccine, to our knowledge, only the third report of myelopathy since the introduction of this vaccine in 1958. Immunologic studies revealed that the patient had cellular immunity to both the rabies vaccine and to central nervous system protein as evidenced by marked stimulation of the patient's lymphocytes by rabies vaccine, a lower degree of stimulation by brain protein, and production of macrophage migration inhibiting factor and lymphotoxin by her lymphocytes in response to both antigens. There was a normal antibody response to rabies virus, but no evidence of serum antibody against human myelin.
Usefulness of glycosylated ferritin in atypical presentations of adult onset Still's disease
Authors: M A Hamidou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Many diseases, such as infections, neoplasia, or immune diseases, can mimic adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD).1,2 Atypical forms are not so rare, and the search for a diagnosis marker is warranted. Recently, the usefulness of low serum glycosylated ferritin (GF) was suggested.3–5

An 80 year old woman presented with 4 weeks’ fever, myalgias, polyarthritis, and sore throat. Clinical examination disclosed a fixed generalised maculopapular rash, arthritis of wrists and ankles, and spleen enlargement. C reactive protein was 150 mg/l, haemoglobin level 80 g/l, white blood count 30×109/l with 90% polymorphonuclear neutrophils, 10% lymphocytes, and 600×109/l platelets. Transaminases were twice the normal value (2N). Ferritinaemia was 40 000 μg/l (normal …
Resistance exercise decreases beta-endorphin immunoreactivity.
Authors: E F Pierce, N W Eastman, R W McGowan, H Tripathi, W L Dewey, K G Olson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Previous research investigating the response of plasma beta-endorphins (beta-EP) to resistance exercise has resulted in equivocal findings. To examine further the effects of resistance exercise on beta-EP immunoreactivity, 10 male and 10 female college-age students participated in a series of controlled isotonic resistance exercises. The session consisted of three sets of eight repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) for each of the following exercises: (1) bench press; (2) lateral pull-downs; (3) seated arm curls; and (4) military press. Blood plasma was sampled both before and after the lifting routine and beta-endorphin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. A Students t test for paired samples indicated that mean(s.e.) plasma beta-endorphin levels after exercise (10.5(1.3) pg beta-EP ml-1) were significantly decreased as compared with pre-exercise (control) levels (16.5(1.2), P &lt; 0.05). While the mechanism(s) contributing to the decrease in immunoreactivity is unclear, it may be the result of the synergistic effect of beta-EP clearance during rest intervals and changes in psychological states between sampling.
Hepatitis C virus escape from the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway by a passive and active evasion strategy
Authors: Marco Binder, Georg Kochs, Ralf Bartenschlager, Volker Lohmann
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been known to replicate with extremely varying efficiencies in different host cells, even within different populations of a single human hepatoma cell line, termed Huh-7. Several reports have implicated the retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)/ interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) pathway of the innate antiviral response with differences in host cell permissiveness to HCV. To investigate the general impact of the IRF-3 response onto HCV replication in cell culture, we generated an ample array of stable Huh-7 cell lines with altered IRF-3 responsiveness. Neither blocking IRF-3 activation in various host cells by expression of dominant negative RIG-I or HCV NS3/4A protease nor reconstitution of RIG-I signaling in Huh7.5, a cell clone known to be defective in this pathway, had any impact on HCV replication. Only by overexpressing constitutively active RIG-I or the signaling adaptor Cardif (also known as interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein, or virus-induced signaling adaptor), both leading to a stimulation of the IRF-3 pathway in the absence of inducers, was HCV replication significantly inhibited. We therefore assessed the extent of RIG-I– dependent IRF-3 activation by different species of RNA, including full-length HCV genomes and HCV RNA duplexes, and observed strong induction only in response to double-stranded RNAs. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we propose a refined model of innate immune escape by HCV involving limited initial induction and stringent subsequent control of the IRF-3 response. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Congenital Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Anthony R. Geraci
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The presence of an arteriovenous communication is usually obvious on physical examination. When the continuous murmur and palpable thrill of such a communication are noted, the diagnosis is easily made. The localization of the fistula, however, is often a more difficult task. When a bruit and thrill are present in the neck, the differential diagnosis includes local arterial disorders as well as central or cardiac disorders that may transmit sound and energy distally to the cervical vessels. Probably as a result of their rather uncommon occurrence, congenital fistulas of the vertebral system are not considered in the differential diagnosis of such disorders. We report an example of a congenital arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral system which was initially thought to be a patent ductus arteriosus. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 23-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies in May 1968. The patient was
Bootstrap method of interior-branch test for phylogenetic trees
Authors: T. Sitnikova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Statistical properties of the bootstrap test of interior branch lengths of phylogenetic trees have been studied and compared with those of the standard interior-branch test in computer simulations. Examination of the properties of the tests under the null hypothesis showed that both tests for an interior branch of a predetermined topology are quite reliable when the distribution of the branch length estimate approaches a normal distribution. Unlike the standard interior-branch test, the bootstrap test appears to retain this property even when the substitution rate varies among sites. In this case, the distribution of the branch length estimate deviates from a normal distribution, and the standard interior-branch test gives conservative confidence probability values. A simple correction method was developed for both interior-branch tests to be applied for testing the reliability of tree topologies estimated from sequence data. This correction for the standard interior-branch test appears to be as effective as that obtained in our previous study, though it is much simpler. The bootstrap and standard interior-branch tests for estimated topologies become conservative as the number of sequence groups in a star-like tree increases.
Still some way to go in China
Authors: W.-C. Yan, Y.-J. Zhang, J. J. Guo
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two news reports highlight the obstacles faced by antismoking endeavours in Russia and Spain.1 2 China has outlawed cigarette advertising in such media as television, radio, newspapers, and magazines, but this year’s global adult tobacco survey found that 8.7% of Chinese adults still noticed advertisements …
Abstract 593: Mechanisms for inhibition of rodent mammary carcinogenesis by wheel running and/or dietary energy restriction
Authors: Weiqin Jiang, Zongjian Zhu, John N. McGinley, Elizabeth Neil, Henry J. Thompson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Our laboratory has reported the inhibitory effects of combined physical activity (PA) and dietary energy restriction (DER) on mammary carcinogenesis while the associated mechanisms are rarely investigated. The objective of this experiment was to determine the cellular regulation of mammary cancer by PA and/or DER. Female Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (50 mg/kg) and 7 days thereafter randomized to: 1) sedentary control, 2) PA at wheel running high (WR-HIGH, 3.4 km per day); or the energy balance equivalents of PA: 3) PA at wheel running low (WR-LOW, 1500 revolutions per day + DER), or 4) DER. In order to investigate the effects of physical activity at a constant intensity, rats were given free access to a motorized activity wheel (55 m/min) with reinforcement of running behavior using a food reward system. The duration of this experiment was 8 weeks. Overall, PA and/or DER reduced mammary cancer incidence, cancer multiplicity, and tumor burden and prolonged cancer latency (p&amp;lt;0.05) in comparison to the sedentary control group. PA, DER, or their combination differentially affected host systemic factors including bioavailable IGF-1 and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and cell autonomous mechanisms including modulation of FoxO and down regulation of Akt/mTOR signaling. Mediation appears to be via inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Supported by PHS grant CA100693 from the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 593. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-593