tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in diagnosing meningococcal meningitis
Authors: B Mandal
Journal: BMJ (1979)

a remission of her psychosis, which reappeared when the drug was stopped.From this followed a trial in 13 cases of acute psychoses of varying aetiology, from which he and his team concluded that the symptoms of psychoses are attributable to hyperactivity of the beta- adrenergic system in the brain.There have been attempts at treatment with beta-blockers by other research teams, which have produced spectacular results in some hands2 and dubiety so far as schizophrenic illness is concerned in others.'Here one cannot rule out, in using such high doses, the possibility of a membrane- stabilising effect; but the doses used by Steinhert and Pugh4 were much lower.
Glomerular up-regulation of EIIIA and V120 fibronectin isoforms in proliferative immune complex nephritis
Authors: Javier Alonso, Marta Gómez-Chiarri, Alberto Ortíz, Daniel Serón, Enric Condom, María J. López-Armada, Raquel Largo, Antonio Barat, Jesús Egido
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-γ production in infants with cow's milk allergy
Authors: Emma Pohjavuori, Mirva Viljanen, Riitta Korpela, Mikael Kuitunen, Minna Tiittanen, Outi Vaarala, Erkki Savilahti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccine-Reply
Authors: David W. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  All estimates of vaccine efficacy are based on mathematical formulae and assumptions. For example, the standard method (but not the method we used) for calculating vaccine efficacy requires the assumption that the groups to be compared be equally exposed to the infecting agent.  The alternative method we use assumes that the attack rate of pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes not in the vaccine is not affected by vaccination. Laboratory work and field studies of Ekwurzel et al and MacLeod et al strongly support this assumption. The study by Austrian suggests a slight difference in risk, but the difference is not statistically significant. We are concerned that to latch onto this statistically insignificant difference in one study while discarding supporting data from other studies is to risk bias in estimating vaccine efficacy.  We pointed out in our original article and in our editorial that our alternative method does not
DOES A MODIFIED RUGBY SCRUM ENGAGEMENT PROCESS IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF THE SCRUM AND MINIMISE THE LIKELIHOOD OF SCRUM COLLAPSE?
Authors: D Cazzola, E Preatoni, KA Stokes, M England, G Trewartha
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Rugby Union scrums which collapse possess a higher injury risk than completed scrums. A mechanically stable scrum should limit the motions which generate uncontrolled and hazardous (non-axial) loading on front row players and minimise the risk of scrum collapse. Objective To compare scrum stability during live contested rugby scrums using two different scrum engagement processes. Design A cross-sectional design, where teams from different playing levels performed live scrums under two engagement processes: CTS (Crouch-Touch-Set, 2012–2013); and PreBind (Crouch-Bind-Set, 2013–2014), with measurements made via video analysis. Setting Outdoors, natural turf rugby pitches. Participants 27 Rugby teams (i.e. 54 forward packs, n=432 players) from five playing levels – International, Elite, Community, Women and University. Risk factor assessment Scrum engagement process. PreBind differs from CTS for a legal bind that is taken at the “Bind” call and is maintained through the “Set” action. Main outcome measurements Vertical motion of the (i) shoulder and (ii) centre of mass (COM), and (iii) COM variability in the sagittal plane of prop forwards during initial engagement. Results The extent of props' vertical shoulder motion were reduced (P&lt;.05, Cohen's d=0.3–0.5) during engagement in the PreBind process compared with the CTS process. The COM vertical motion tended to be reduced in PreBind process (Cohen's d=0.45).There were also reductions in the variability (P&lt;.05, Cohen's d=0.5–1.0) of the props' COM vertical motion, meaning vertical movements were more controlled during PreBind engagement. The International level had reduced vertical motion characteristics with respect to the Community level. Conclusions Scrum stability improved (moderate effects) in the PreBind engagement process, with props making less extreme postural adjustments during initial engagement. Combined with attenuated peak forces during the engagement process, the PreBind improves the stability of the scrum and should minimise the risk of scrum collapse and subsequent injury.
Splenic Variant Simulating Suprarenal Mass Diagnosed with Emission Computerized Tomography
Authors: ROGER T. PEZZUTI, THOMAS C. HILL, PAUL W. KASULIS, PHILIP COSTELLO, ROBERT A. KANE, MELVIN E. CLOUSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The CT scans of a woman with left flank and lower abdominal pain were interpreted as showing a mass adjacent to the tail of the pancreas. Imaging with Tc–99m sulfur colloid and emission computerized tomography revealed that the CT scan abnormality represented functioning splenic tissue and thereby avoided unnecessary surgical exploration.
Neutral proteinases and other neutrophil enzymes in psoriasis, and their relation to disease activity
Authors: W. GLIŃSKI, D. BARSZCZ, E. JANCZURA, Z. ZAREBSKA, STEFANIA JABŁŃSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The activities of elastase, cathepsin G, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined by spectrophotometry in thirty-six patients with psoriatic lesions, twelve symptom-free patients with psoriasis and fifteen normal controls. The mean activities of cathepsin G, elastase and lysozyme were found to be increased by 55 to 70% in patients with actively spreading plaque lesions compared with healthy controls (P<0·01). Most patients with guttate lesions had total enzyme activities within the normal range. Those with stationary plaque psoriasis had activities of both neutral proteinases (cathepsin G and elastase) which were about 40% lower than normal controls (P<0·05). In the lesion-free psoriatics, the activities of neutral proteinases were about 70% of control values. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessment of disease activity in this sort of investigation. The present data may help to resolve much of the confusion regarding PMN function in psoriasis.
Defective respiratory capacity and mitochondrial protein synthesis in transformant cybrids harboring the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation associated with maternally inherited myopathy and cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C Mariotti, V Tiranti, F Carrara, B Dallapiccola, S DiDonato, M Zeviani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We studied the physiometabolic effects of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmic point mutation, the A-->G3260 transition associated with maternally inherited myopathy and cardiomyopathy. To eliminate the possible influence of the autochthonous nuclear gene set, we fused myoblast-derived cytoplasts of a patient with a human tumoral cell line deprived of mtDNA (Rho degrees). The presence and amount of the mutant G3260 vs the wild-type A3260 were measured by solid phase minisequencing. We observed a marked reduction of the percentage of mutant mtDNA in the culture system compared with that measured in the donor's muscle biopsy, suggesting the presence of negative selection against the mutation. Furthermore, stable mitotic segregation of the two mtDNA populations was observed in 18 of 19 transformant clones, suggesting the presence of intraorganelle and possibly intracellular homoplasmy in the precursor cells of the donor. Several indexes of mtDNA-related respiratory capacity, including oxygen consumption, complex I- and complex IV-specific activities, and lactate production, were markedly abnormal in the clones containing a high proportion of mutant mtDNA, as compared with those containing homoplasmic wild-type mtDNA, possibly because of impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. We conclude that (a) the A-->G3260 transition is indeed responsible for the mitochondrial disorder identified in the donor patient, and (b) transformant cybrid system gives direct evidence of the mitochondrial origin of a genetic disorder and should be adopted for the evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the mtDNA mutations.
Glucagon and cAMP inhibit cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7a1) gene expression in human hepatocytes: Discordant regulation of bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis
Authors: Kwang‐Hoon Song, John Y. L. Chiang
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The gene encoding cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is tightly regulated to control bile acid synthesis and maintain lipid homeostasis. Recent studies in mice suggest that bile acid synthesis is regulated by the fasted-to-fed cycle, and fasting induces CYP7A1 gene expression in parallel to the induction of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). How glucagon regulates CYP7A1 gene expression in the human liver is not clear. Here we show that glucagon and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) strongly repressed CYP7A1 mRNA expression in human primary hepatocytes. Reporter assays confirmed that cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited human CYP7A1 gene transcription, in contrast to their stimulation of the PEPCK gene. Mutagenesis analysis identified a PKA-responsive region located within the previously identified HNF4alpha binding site in the human CYP7A1 promoter. Glucagon and cAMP increased HNF4alpha phosphorylation and reduced the amount of HNF4alpha present in CYP7A1 chromatin. Our findings suggest that glucagon inhibited CYP7A1 gene expression via PKA phosphorylation of HNF4alpha, which lost its ability to bind the CYP7A1 gene and resulted in inhibition of human CYP7A1 gene transcription. In conclusion, this study unveils a species difference in nutrient regulation of the human and mouse CYP7A1 gene and suggests a discordant regulation of bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis by glucagon in human livers during fasting.
Spontaneous Return of Normocalcemia
Authors: Angelo A. Licata
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The patient had a 13-year history of hypocalcemia resulting from surgically induced hypoparathyroidism, which he controlled with calcium lactate. Nine months before admission, he discontinued his daily therapy and still remained in a normocalcemic state. After he had the SVC syndrome, a small-cell tumor of the lung was found. His serum calcium level decreased after radiation of the tumor mass, suggesting that the tumor may have been secreting a substance producing the normocalcemia. A substance was extracted from the tumor that reacted immunologically like parathyroid hormone. (<i>JAMA</i>240:468-469, 1978)
Abstract 5284: SSU72 functions as a gatekeeper monitoring for chromosome integrity in mammals
Authors: Se-Hyuk Kim, Yoon Jeon, Hyun-Soo Kim, Han-Jeong Lim, Ho Lee, Chang-Woo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ssu72 has been initially identified as a protein phosphatase in yeast. It is becoming increasingly clear that Ssu72 plays a major modifier in regulating the transcriptional dynamics through the dephosphorylation (hypophosphorylation) of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. Despite these intriguing reports, the physiological function of SSU72 remains unknown particularly in higher eukaryotes. Recently, We have reported that Ssu72 functions as a cohesin-binding phosphatase in regulating sister chromatid cohesion. In addition, we generated the SSU72 conditional knock-out mice, and identified that SSU72 requirement for monitoring hepatic chromosome ploidy and hepatic damage responses in mammals. Furthermore, this study includes the physiology of SSU72 loss-of-function and the novel molecular lesions caused by SSU72 loss in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Se-Hyuk Kim, Yoon Jeon, Hyun-Soo Kim, Han-Jeong Lim, Ho Lee, Chang-Woo Lee. SSU72 functions as a gatekeeper monitoring for chromosome integrity in mammals. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5284. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5284
USE OF METHADONE-SCOPOLAMINE IN OBSTETRIC ANALGESIA
Authors: M. Edward Davis
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The past decade has witnessed two major trends in pain relief for labor and delivery:   techniques and conduction (nerve block) anesthesia. The improvement wrought generally in the practice of obstetric analgesia as a result of the attention directed toward each of these popular movements has been outstanding, but neither has provided a completely adequate solution to the age old problem of woman's poena magna.  Frank appraisal of natural childbirth training reveals that it accomplishes no measurable diminution in the actual intensity of labor pains,1nor is it the drugless method glorified in lay publications. In a review of 1,000 consecutive cases by the Yale group,2no less than 73.3% of nulliparas experiencing spontaneous deliveries required not over125 mg. of Demerol, or one dose of another agent. In less than 20% of even these uncomplicated labors was no analgesic used. Saddle block spinal anesthesia, most widely
Hyporesponsiveness to Natural Killer T-Cell Ligand α-Galactosylceramide in Cancer-Bearing State Mediated by CD11b+ Gr-1+ Cells Producing Nitric Oxide
Authors: Kazuhiko Yanagisawa, Mark A. Exley, Xiaofeng Jiang, Nobuhiro Ohkochi, Masaru Taniguchi, Ken-ichiro Seino
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are a potential therapeutic target for cancer, for which several clinical trials have already been reported. NKT cells are specifically activated by a synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). However, it is known that, in human cancer patients, NKT cells express a degree of hyporesponsiveness to alpha-GalCer. In this study, we have examined the mechanism by which hyporesponsiveness to alpha-GalCer can be induced. In cancer-bearing mice, alpha-GalCer-induced NKT cell expansion, cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and antimetastatic effect in vivo were all significantly impaired. In fact, alpha-GalCer could eliminate metastatic disease in naive animals but failed to protect cancer-bearing mice. CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) cells were particularly increased in cancer-bearing mice and were necessary and sufficient for the suppression of the alpha-GalCer response in a nitric oxide-mediated fashion. Administration of a retinoic acid to cancer-bearing mice reduced the population of CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) cells and effectively restored alpha-GalCer-induced protection. These results show a novel feature of NKT cell function in cancer. Furthermore, our data suggest a new strategy to enhance NKT cell-mediated anticancer immune responses by suppressing CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) cell functions.
Oral rehydration in gastroenteritis.
Authors: M Beattie, N Evans
Journal: BMJ (1991)

his life was not threatened.The eventual outcome -a mobile, two legged man-is far preferable to a disarticulated or hindquarter amputation.The hospital stay of seven months was a small price to pay for the patient's present state of health.The comments relating to the cost of his post- operative care are short sighted and obviously take no account of the patient's wishes, quality of life, and the long term cost to society of a young man with a mutilating amputation.
The role of continuous wave Doppler imaging in a vascular unit
Authors: T K HAMES, K N HUMPHRIES, V M GAZZARD, T V POWELL, D L McLELLAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

A continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging system has been used in the assessment of patients with suspected carotid artery disease. In 137 comparisons with conventional angiography the sensitivity of CW Doppler Imaging was 91% and specificity 93% respectively in the detection of >50% diameter internal carotid stenosis. The main diagnostic criterion for >50% internal carotid stenosis was the presence of a peak internal carotid systolic Doppler shift frequency >4 KHz. An examination protocol is recommended which combines CW Doppler imaging with common carotid waveform changes and the temporal artery compression test.
A STUDY OF HUMAN AMEBIASIS BY MEANS OF THE MOTION PICTURE
Authors: JOHN V. BARROW
Journal: JAMA (1931)

For years I have longed to have the medical profession observe the human intestinal protozoa as plainly as I have seen them. The application of the moving film to microscopy has made this desire a reality. The transfer of the life activity of these minute animals from the high power microscope to the higher magnification of the screen is an art worthy of a genius such as my collaborator Mr. Stacy Woodard has proved himself. It is of interest to observe that the magnification thus achieved ranges from 10,000 to 100,000 diameters, and even more. These enlargements retain detail faithfully. The activity and life surroundings of these parasites can thus be studied leisurely and accurately. On account of the immensity of the subject this film is limited to those protozoa of major importance to medicine today; viz.,<i>Endameba dysenteriae (histolytica)</i>and<i>E. coli.</i>A second film depicting the life of
Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis, assessment, outcome and treatment
Authors: A. K So
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Book reviews comprehensive information on the 'state of the art' of assessment, therapeutic approaches, and outcome of RA, but also with the essential basic information on the pathogenesis of RA.A nice feature of the book is that it takes the patient with RA as the starting point, not the disease itself.Although $150.00 is a large sum of money for a book which does not contain particularly high quality illustrations, it will not be too much for those investigators and clinicians who cannot find the time to collect and summarise these data for themselves.
Ethical Decisions in Discontinuing Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: L J Schneiderman, R G Spragg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IN the past two decades, mechanical ventilation has proved to be lifesaving in a wide variety of clinical conditions. The techniques are now integrated throughout the medical care system — from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the field to the precise control of arterial blood gases during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit and to long-term maintenance of life in patients with chronic incurable disease. Mechanical ventilation thus represents one of the most important high-technology advances in contemporary medicine. In acute illnesses, particularly certain forms of pneumonia associated with impaired blood oxygenation, mechanical ventilation can mean the difference between life and . . .
Updated Hodgkin's disease: B. Curability of localized disease. No radical surgery
Authors: W. B. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In the original CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CANCER series on Hodgkin's disease inThe Journalseven years ago, this contribution was written by Danely Slaughter, a distinguished surgeon, who championed the radical surgical attack.<sup>56</sup>From his remarks, one would have had to conclude that surgeons and radiotherapists are adversaries, and that saving a patient from the harmful effects of the roentgen ray is as important a mission as saving him from cancer. Today, such sentiments must be regarded as anachronisms, remnants of an old period when the specialty of radiotherapy in the United States had grossly inadequate numbers of trained specialists, used primitive equipment, and lacked experience with curable patients. Years earlier, surgeons had learned to perform radical lymph node dissections with safety, and with an altered skin contour as the only sequella, Slaughter was justly proud of this accomplishment, and he contrasted it with the bad results he saw
Europe provides 172m for research into innovative medicines
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The second wave of medical research projects funded by the European Union’s largest biopharmaceutical public-private partnership was announced in Brussels on 8 March. The eight programmes aim to develop new treatments for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and infectious diseases.

The €172m (£147m; $238m) cost of the projects is being provided by the EU’s Innovative Medicines Initiative (www.imi.europa.eu/), a partnership between the European Commission and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations.

Commenting on the latest funding, Maire Geoghegan-Quinn, the European …
The Transcript-Centric Mutations in Human Genomes
Authors: Peng Cui, Qiang Lin, Feng Ding, Songnian Hu, Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Since the human genome is mostly transcribed, genetic variations must exhibit sequence signatures reflecting the relationship between transcription processes and chromosomal structures as we have observed in unicellular organisms. In this study, a set of 646 ubiquitous expression-invariable genes (EIGs) which are present in germline cells were defined and examined based on RNA-sequencing data from multiple high-throughput transcriptomic data. We demonstrated a relationship between gene expression level and transcript-centric mutations in the human genome based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. A significant positive correlation was shown between gene expression and mutation, where highly-expressed genes accumulate more mutations than lowly-expressed genes. Furthermore, we found four major types of transcript-centric mutations: C→T, A→G, C→G, and G→T in human genomes and identified a negative gradient of the sequence variations aligning from the 5′ end to the 3′ end of the transcription units (TUs). The periodical occurrence of these genetic variations across TUs is associated with nucleosome phasing. We propose that transcript-centric mutations are one of the major driving forces for gene and genome evolution along with creation of new genes, gene/genome duplication, and horizontal gene transfer.
Managing injuries from sharp instruments in health care workers in Mersey
Authors: R R White, E J Ridgway
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Computed tomography is recommended as part of the diagnostic investigation for adults with a first generalised epileptic seizure * Data on the effectiveness of such a strategy in identifying patients with treatable lesions are conflicting * This study of 119 patients with a first seizure showed that computed tomography had a high diagnostic yield * Patients without neurological symptoms and who did not misuse alcohol did not have focal lesions on computed tomography * Routine tomography should be performed in most patients but may be unnecessary in those with uncomplicated seizures related to withdrawal of alcohol CONCLUSION Both the diagnostic yield and the resulting interventions justify computed tomography of the brain in most adult patients in casualty departments who have had a first generalised seizure.However, in patients who have uncomplicated seizures related to withdrawal from alcohol-suggested by two or more "yes" answers to the four CAGE questions and by the absence offocal neurological symptoms on clinical examinationcomputed tomography may not be mandatory, which would thus greatly reduce the number of scans that yield no positive diagnosis.
UK to limit legal aid for medical negligence cases to specialist lawyers
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Only solicitors with proved expertise in medical negligence cases will get legal aid funding for such claims in the future, under plans unveiled by Britain's lord chancellor last week.

The UK government believes it is wasting millions of pounds a year on non-specialist lawyers who fail to deliver an optimum service in this complex area of practice. From August 1999, …