tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Ethanol and Glipizide in Humans
Authors: Svend G Hartling, Ole K Faber, Marie-Louise Wegmann, Elisabeth Wåhlin-Boll, Arne Melander
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The hypoglycemic effect of 2.5 mg glipizide and the potentiation of this effect by ethanol were studied in 10 normal-weight nondiabetic subjects. The reductions in blood glucose concentrations were similar in time of onset and extent (2 mM) whether glipizide was taken alone or in combination with ethanol. However, the return of blood glucose toward fasting level was delayed by ethanol. Β-Cell secretory activity, evaluated from the concentrations of insulin and C-peptide, was unchanged by ethanol. The serum glipizide concentrations were reproducible within subjects, whereas there was a considerable interindividual variation. This heterogeneity in the rise in glipizide concentration was strongly correlated with blood glucose fall and insulin secretion. Thus, ethanol can prolong but does not augment the hypoglycemia induced by glipizide. The heterogeneity in glipizide concentration seems to be caused by an interindividual variation in kinetics.
Informed consent in medical research: the ethics committee's view
Authors: E M Barker
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Although, owing to circumstances beyond my control, considerable time has elapsed since the publication of clusters of letters commenting on the subject of informed consent in research,1 2 I would still like to draw readers' attention to certain information on the granting of ethical approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Natal for the study of Bhagwanjee et al.3 While several of your correspondents seemed, either directly or by implication, to agree with the ethics committee's decision,1 many others took issue with the decision on the basis of philosophical …
Increasing US Mortality From Infectious Diseases
Authors: Brad Randall
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Pinner and colleagues<sup>1</sup>should be congratulated for devising a more meaningful way to use<i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9)</i>coding to extract the impact of infectious diseases on our national mortality data. Their data clearly show an increasing trend of deaths associated with infectious disease. However, like any study based on death certificate data, the hard numbers from their study are based on a foundation of sand. The accuracy of any given death certificate is questionable at best<sup>2-4</sup>and is ultimately unknown. The dwindling US autopsy rate further confounds the accuracy of death certificate data.<sup>5</sup> I review large numbers of completed death certificates, and I find that attending physicians often omit the true underlying cause of death and list instead the complications of the underlying cause that posed the most vexing clinical problems. In how many cases from the article by
Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of its causes and implications.
Authors: A C Kennedy, R F Allam, P J Rooney, M E Watson, A Fairney, K D Buchanan, C J Hillyard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

When correction was made for hypoalbuminaemia, 23 of 50 ambulant patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were found to have hypercalcaemia. When these 23 patients were studied 6 months later, 7 had hypercalcaemia as defined by the correction factor for a low serum albumin level, and 6 of these patients had raised serum ionised calcium concentrations. Biochemical studies in the 23 patients indicated evidence of hyperparathyroidism, namely, hypophosphataemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, hyperchloraemia, and reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. However, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal. Only one patient had an abnormally low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D result: this patient had a high level of urinary D-glucaric acid and was receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of epilepsy. The biochemical features suggestive of parathyroid overactivity were particularly found in patients with raised serum calcium levels. The cause of hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis remains to be explained.
Selective Inhibition of Ii-dependent Antigen Presentation by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Toxin VacA
Authors: Maurizio Molinari, Mariolina Salio, Carmela Galli, Nathalie Norais, Rino Rappuoli, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Cesare Montecucco
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

A major virulence factor in the stomach chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori is a protein toxin (VacA), which alters cell membrane trafficking of late endosomal/prelysosomal compartments. Its role in the chronic infection established by H. pylori is unknown. To test the possibility that VacA alters antigen processing taking place in prelysosomal compartments, we have used the well-established model of antigen processing and presentation consisting of tetanus toxoid–specific human (CD4+) T cells stimulated by autologous antigen-pulsed Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. We found that VacA interferes with proteolytic processing of tetanus toxin and toxoid and specifically inhibits the Ii-dependent pathway of antigen presentation mediated by newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, while leaving unaffected the presentation pathway dependent on recycling MHC class II. The results presented here suggest that VacA may contribute to the persistence of H. pylori by interfering with protective immunity and that this toxin is a new useful tool in the study of the different pathways of antigen presentation.
A CASE OF ACHALASIA OF THE CARDIA
Authors: H. B. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1931)

~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL56twice done tendon-lengthening operations for this type of deformity.Deformity resulting from fibrosis of the ulcer bed generally produces talipes equinus and calcaneus;(d) mental changes, chiefly melancholia, neurasthenia, and hebetude.COMMENTARY This is a very formidable list of complications to which rarities can still be added.They all result from loss of balance between arterial and venous systems of the leg.This balance can be restored in two ways-by lying down and by reinforcing the skin with an elastic support.In the cases due to varicose veins a great improvement can be made by obliterating, and in bad cases also ligating, the varices, so that 75 per cent. of ulcer cases can be cured, and remain cured, without any support but the elasticity of the patient's own skin.Ulcers of the leg will always be with us till we find a way of preventing femoral thrombosis after operations, fractures, and childbirth; but they will diminish in number
"Home brew" compared with commercial preparation for enteral feeding.
Authors: M R Keighley, B Mogg, S Bentley, C Allan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

electrically excitable tissue, including neurones.This may be a dosedependent phenomenon, however, the patient usually presenting with the more typical neurological features before a sufficiently toxic concentration is achieved.Additionally the brain of the elderly or "arteriosclerotic" patient may possibly be predisposed to the development of digoxin-induced convulsions; the previous case report described a 72-year-old man.Transient cerebral ischaemic episodes may, therefore, only partially account for the blackouts seen in elderly patients taking digoxin, and we recommend that, even when there is no gross disturbance of cardiac rhythm, the serum digoxin concentration be measured to exclude digoxin neurotoxicity.
THE FORMATION OF RENAL CALCULI IN BEDRIDDEN PATIENTS
Authors: MONTAGUE L. BOYD
Journal: JAMA (1941)

My purpose in this paper is to call attention to, and illustrate by the report of cases, the effects of inadequate renal drainage and of phosphaturia in the formation of renal calculi in bedridden patients. In my experience it has been the phosphatic stones (calcium phosphate) which have produced the most serious results, because they can form rapidly and without symptoms, so that they may have already produced a serious condition when they are discovered. The fact that renal calculi are frequently formed in patients having paralyses which produce disturbances of urination, such for example as fractures of the spine and poliomyelitis, has been so generally recognized and so frequently reported that it is unnecessary to devote any space here to confirming it. The discussions concerning preventive treatment have emphasized the correction of metabolic disturbances, the relief of urinary obstruction, the removal of foci of infection, regulation of the diet
Selective Autophagy in Cancer Development and Therapy
Authors: Ivan Dikic, Terje Johansen, Vladimir Kirkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Like other cells in the body, tumor cells depend on the evolutionarily conserved autophagy pathway to survive starvation and stress. Simultaneously, autophagy represents an important tumor-suppressive mechanism. Recent studies have shed new light on this apparent discrepancy and revealed mechanisms by which autophagy can modulate different stages of cancer development. The molecular basis of selectivity in autophagy employs specific receptor molecules, such as p62/SQSTM1, which are able to link autophagy targets and autophagosomal membranes. We discuss the emerging principles of selective autophagy in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Cancer Res; 70(9); 3431–4. ©2010 AACR.
"Frailty units" would help take pressure off emergency departments, say specialists
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The College of Emergency Medicine has called for a radical overhaul of the way emergency care is designed, run, and funded in the United Kingdom.1

It said that the current system was in crisis, with hospital emergency units facing their “biggest challenge in more than a decade.”

Staff members dealing with unsustainable workloads and often intolerable conditions were struggling to provide consistent and safe care, as “performance deteriorates across the wider healthcare system,” said the college’s report on achieving a safe and sustainable service.

The college recommends a further expansion of consultant numbers, minimum nurse staffing levels, and better resourced and more accessible primary care services.

Its vice president, Taj Hassan, said, “Emergency departments are massively congested. We need to identify those cohorts of patients who could be better managed elsewhere.” He said that there was “no quick solution” but that with …
Response to Comment on: Tam et al. Defining Insulin Resistance From Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamps. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1605–1610
Authors: Charmaine S. Tam, Eric Ravussin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We appreciate the comments of Faerch and Vistisen (1) and Davidson (2) regarding our study. As outlined in our study (3), the gold standard procedure for assessing insulin resistance in humans is the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, which is widely used in research settings to test the effect of interventions on insulin sensitivity. Such interventions include weight loss or weight gain, pharmacological treatment, or lifestyle changes. Glucose disposal rate (GDR), the main outcome measure from the clamp, varies depending on the dose and duration of insulin infusion. The motivation for our study was driven by research participants asking investigators to explain the clinical relevance behind the clamp procedure …
Ectopic Doublecortin Gene Expression Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype in Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Manoranjan Santra, Xuepeng Zhang, Sutapa Santra, Feng Jiang, Michael Chopp
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Doublecortin (DCX) is one of the three genes found from Affymetrix gene chip analysis related to glioma patient survival. Two other genes (e.g., osteonectin and semaphorin 3B) are well characterized as antioncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. However, there is no report about the involvement of DCX in cancer. Here, we show that gene transfer technology into DCX-deficient glioblastoma cell lines, such as A172, U87, U251N, RG2, and 9L, with DCX cDNA significantly suppressed growth of these glioma cells. U87 cells with ectopic expression of DCX exhibit a marked suppression of the transformed phenotype as growth arrested in the G(2) phase of the cell cycle progression, small colony formation in soft agar, and no tumor formation in nude rats. This transformed phenotype can be restored by knocking down DCX expression with DCX small interfering RNA. DCX was highly phosphorylated in glioma cells. Phosphorylation in the glioma cells was greater than in noncancer cells such as mouse NIH 3T3 and human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Coimmunoprecipitation of the phosphorylated DCX and spinophilin/neurabin II from DCX-synthesizing glioma cells indicated their interaction. This interaction would lead to a block of anchorage-independent growth as neurabin II is a synergistic inhibitor of anchorage-independent growth with p14ARF (ARF). Interaction between phosphorylated DCX and neurabin II may induce the association of the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1) with neurabin II and inactivate PP1 and block mitosis during G(2) and M phases of the cell cycle progression. Thus, DCX seems to be a tumor suppressor of glioma.
The Compleat Pediatrician. Practical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Preventive Pediatrics.
Authors: GEORGE A. HARROP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1935)

Reviews1 January 1935The Compleat Pediatrician. Practical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Preventive Pediatrics.GEORGE A. HARROPGEORGE A. HARROPSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-7-878_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHere is a book out of the ordinary which starts out with a clever adaptation of the title page of Isaak Walton's Compleat Angler. The author was for some time the acting pediatrician to the Johns Hopkins Hospital and now fills the chair at Duke University. It is a book primarily for the medical student and the busy practitioner, and it has been kept small enough to be put in the bag of the pediatrician along with such necessities as the stethoscope and otoscope. It is divided into various parts setting forth the signs and symptoms, the various diseases, the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1935Volume 8, Issue 7Page: 878-878KeywordsPediatricsSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1935 PDF downloadLoading ...
Heterogeneous patterns of amplification of the NUP214-ABL1 fusion gene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: C Graux, M Stevens-Kroef, M Lafage, N Dastugue, C J Harrison, F Mugneret, K Bahloula, S Struski, M J Grégoire, N Nadal, E Lippert, S Taviaux, A Simons, R P Kuiper, A V Moorman, K Barber, A Bosly, L Michaux, P Vandenberghe, I Lahortiga, K De Keersmaecker, I Wlodarska, J Cools, A Hagemeijer, H A Poirel
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Reduction of Insulin Resistance With Effective Clearance of Hepatitis C Infection: Results From the HALT-C Trial
Authors: Aymin Delgado–Borrego, Sergio H. Jordan, Betania Negre, David Healey, Wenyu Lin, Yoshitaka Kamegaya, Marielle Christofi, David A. Ludwig, Anna S.F. Lok, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Role of complement and Fcγ receptors in the protective activity of the long pentraxin PTX3 against Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Federica Moalli, Andrea Doni, Livija Deban, Teresa Zelante, Silvia Zagarella, Barbara Bottazzi, Luigina Romani, Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCI
Authors: L. A. Julianelle, A. F. Hartmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Skin reactions to the type specific carbohydrates of Staphylococcus indicate that cutaneous sensitivity to Type B is either extremely rare or nonexistent. 2. Skin reactions to Type A carbohydrate occur in about 12 per cent of normal infants and children and in 65 to 70 per cent of normal adults. 3. Skin reactions to Type A carbohydrate occur regularly in patients with Staphylococcus infection. 4. Skin reactivity is not associated with demonstrable serum precipitins, for (a) normal individuals, though skin reactive, have not been found to possess them, and (b) not all patients with verified infection develop them. 5. The patients elaborating type specific precipitins, who numbered less than 30 per cent in this study, are those with severe, prolonged, or generalized Staphylococcus infection. 6. Specific carbohydrates have not been found in the urine of patients during Staphylococcus infection.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ANALYSIS OF NERVES INFECTED WITH THE B VIRUS
Authors: E. De Robertis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Rabbits were infected with B virus in the right gastrocnemius muscle and both sciatic nerves were fixed and analyzed under the electron microscope, after periods varying between 26 and 144 hours. Starting at 72 hours, a few neurotubules of the right sciatic show the presence of spherical particles, ranging between 300 and 600 A. The number and size of the particles increase with time and appear to reach a maximum at 144 hours when the paralysis starts. At this moment also the proximal part of the left sciatic nerve shows the presence of dense particles. The relation of the particles with the periodic structure of the neurotubules was studied both in preparations stained in phosphotungstic acid and those shadowed with chromium. The small and medium sized particles are located within the edges of the neurotubules, and the large particles appear to be attached to the neurotubules. The possible significance of the dense particles is discussed.
Department of Health ends contract with drugs bulletin
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Introduction</h3> While telestroke allows early intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for ischemic strokes in spoke centers, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) is mainly performed at comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs). We aimed to compare 3 month outcome in patients with LVO after admission to a spoke center using telestroke compared with first CSC admission in our large regional stroke network, irrespective of final treatment decision. <h3>Methods</h3> All consecutive LVO patients who were admitted to one of six spoke centers or to the regional CSC within 6 hours of symptom onset were prospectively included from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017. All patients admitted to spoke centers were assessed on site with cerebral and vessel imaging. Primary outcome was 3 month favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2). <h3>Results</h3> Distances between spoke centers and CSC ranged from 36 to 77 miles. Among 207 included patients, 132 (63.8%) were first admitted to CSCs and 75 (36.2%) to spoke centers. IVT was administered more in spoke centers (81.3% vs 53.8%, p&lt;0.0001) while MT was performed less (26.7% vs 49.2%, p=0.001) and with a longer time from onset (303 vs 200 min, p&lt;0.0001). No difference was found in 3 month favorable outcome between spoke centers compared with CSCs (32.0% and 35.1%, respectively; OR=0.68; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.10; p=0.12). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite different distribution of reperfusion therapies for LVO patients managed by telemedicine, we could not demonstrate a difference in functional outcome according to admission location in a large area with long distances between centers.
Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on cardiac collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: H Ju
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Previous work has shown that cardiac fibrosis occurs after myocardial infarction (MI) in non-infarcted ventricular tissue and that this event is associated with abnormal cardiac function. Our aim was to investigate the effect of AT1 receptor blockade on cardiac collagen remodeling in post-MI rat heart remote from the infarct site by addressing collagen mRNA abundance, posttranslational hydroxylation of collagen monomers, and mature collagen deposition. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PH) mediates hydroxylation of procollagen α-chains in the endoplasmic reticulum of cardiac fibroblasts and thus regulates the downstream formation and secretion of helical procollagen molecules. Methods: The effects of losartan (15 mg/kg/day) on collagen deposition and mRNA abundance were monitored in viable left and right ventricles in sham-operated (control) and experimental groups in the presence or absence of losartan. Immunoreactive PH concentration in viable tissues as well as cardiac function in control and experimental groups was determined by ELISA. Results: Immunohistochemical staining and 4-hydroxyproline assays confirmed that losartan treatment attenuates fibrosis in experimental hearts. Northern analysis revealed that losartan treatment of 1, 2, or 4 week experimental groups had no effect on collagen mRNA abundance compared to untreated post-MI rats. On the other hand, immunoreactive PH concentration was significantly decreased in the post-MI group treated with losartan. Determination of cardiac mass and cardiac function revealed that losartan treatment was associated with attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and improved left ventricular (LV) function in experimental animals. Conclusions: AT1 blockade is associated with a significant decrease in cardiac fibrosis in treated post-MI rats, and this trend is positively correlated to a significant decrease in immunoreactive PH compared to untreated experimental animals. The expression of cardiac PH may be regulated by angiotensin via AT1 receptor activation, and the suppression of PH with losartan treatment may be an important mechanism for modulation of collagen deposition in the post-MI rat heart.
Increased Rate of Hospitalization for Diabetes and Residential Proximity of Hazardous Waste Sites
Authors: Maria Kouznetsova, Xiaoyu Huang, Jing Ma, Lawrence Lessner, David O. Carpenter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies suggest that there may be an association between environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and diabetes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that residential proximity to POP-contaminated waste sites result in increased rates of hospitalization for diabetes.MethodsWe determined the number of hospitalized patients 25–74 years of age diagnosed with diabetes in New York State exclusive of New York City for the years 1993–2000. Descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression were used to compare diabetes hospitalization rates in individuals who resided in ZIP codes containing or abutting hazardous waste sites containing POPs ("POP" sites); ZIP codes containing hazardous waste sites but with wastes other than POPs ("other" sites); and ZIP codes without any identified hazardous waste sites ("clean" sites).ResultsCompared with the hospitalization rates for diabetes in clean sites, the rate ratios for diabetes discharges for people residing in POP sites and "other" sites, after adjustment for potential confounders were 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.32] and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16–1.34), respectively. In a subset of POP sites along the Hudson River, where there is higher income, less smoking, better diet, and more exercise, the rate ratio was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.26–1.47) compared to clean sites.ConclusionsAfter controlling for major confounders, we found a statistically significant increase in the rate of hospitalization for diabetes among the population residing in the ZIP codes containing toxic waste sites.