tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal abnormalities in relation to clinical disease in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: L. Karenko, S. Sarna, M. Kahkonen, A. Ranki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) show chromosomal aberrations in skin and blood lymphocytes. Objectives To evaluate the significance of peripheral blood clonal or non-clonal chromosomal abnormalities in comparison with the clinical course of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Patients/methods Five patients with large-plaque parapsoriasis (LPP) or with follicular mucinosis, eight with mycosis fungoides and two with Sézary syndrome were followed for an average of 54 months. G-banding and enzyme-detected in situ hybridization (EDISH) were used to identify aberrations in chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13/21, 15 or 17, that had previously showed frequent aberrations. Results The aberration rates of all chromosomes studied differed between patients with active disease and healthy or photochemotherapy-treated controls by EDISH or G-banding (P < 0·01 to P < 0·05). Patients in complete remission differed from healthy controls for aberrations of chromosomes 1, 6 and 11, and from patients with active, progressing disease for chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 11 and 17 (P < 0·01 to P < 0·05, EDISH or G-banding). All 11 samples representing active, progressing disease showed elevated levels of chromosome 8 aberrations in EDISH. The change in chromosomal aberration rate and clinical condition between two consecutive samples agreed for chromosomes 1, 8, 9 and 15 (G-banding) and for chromosome 17 (G-banding and EDISH; κ > 0·5–0·6). Six of seven patients (five CTCL, one LPP patient) with clonal chromosomal aberrations by G-banding showed continuously active disease and four of them, but none of the other patients, died within 30 months of the detection of the clone. Conclusions The rate of chromosomal aberrations associates with the activity of CTCL, and has prognostic significance. Aberrations of chromosomes 1, 6 and 11, although increasing with activity of the disease, seem to be a hallmark of existing disease, detectable even in remission. Aberrations of chromosomes 8 and 17 especially associate with active or progressive disease.
Laënnec vs. Laennec
Authors: P. J. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was interested to read Dr. Henry R. Viets' letter on the spelling and pronunciation of Laennec's name. As Dr. Viets mentioned, I am compiling a bibliography of Laennec, and although I have not yet completed my manuscript, you might be interested in the following opinions and impressions based on materials so far studied. In the first place, as pointed out by Dr. Viets and others, Laennec himself never seems to have used the diaeresis in spelling his name. This seems to me to be of some importance, and perhaps significance, as with his knowledge and love of all things Breton, and in particular of the Breton language, one would reasonably have expected him to have used it if he had thought it necessary. I have not yet been able to establish who first added the diaeresis, but I have never seen it used in the relevant
Metabolic Syndrome Predicts New Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5,829 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Andrea O.Y. Luk, Wing-Yee So, Ronald C.W. Ma, Alice P.S. Kong, Risa Ozaki, Vanessa S.W. Ng, Linda W.L. Yu, Winnie W.Y. Lau, Xilin Yang, Francis C.C. Chow, Juliana C.N. Chan, Peter C.Y. Tong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Aside from hyperglycemia and hypertension, other metabolic factors may determine renal outcome. We examined risk associations of metabolic syndrome with new onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 5,829 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled between 1995 and 2005. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with the Asian definition of obesity. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula modified for the Chinese population. New onset of CKD was defined as eGFR &amp;lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at the time of censor. Subjects with CKD at baseline were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS—After a median follow-up duration of 4.6 years (interquartile range: 1.9–7.3 years), 741 patients developed CKD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CKD was 1.31 (95% CI 1.12–1.54, P = 0.001) for subjects with metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome. Relative to subjects with no other components of metabolic syndrome except for diabetes, those with two, three, four, and five metabolic syndrome components had HRs of an increased risk of CKD of 1.15 (0.83–1.60, P = 0.407) 1.32 (0.94–1.86, P = 0.112), 1.64 (1.17–2.32, P = 0.004), and 2.34 (1.54–3.54, P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. The metabolic syndrome traits of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low BMI were independent predictors for CKD. CONCLUSIONS—The presence of metabolic syndrome independently predicts the development of CKD in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Markers of Asphyxia and Neonatal Brain Injury
Authors: Jeffrey M. Perlman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Neonatal brain injury due to intrapartum asphyxia is an important cause of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and epilepsy.1 Despite advances in perinatal care over the past three decades, the incidence of cerebral palsy attributed to birth asphyxia has not changed. One reason is that we do not know specifically how to intervene postnatally to prevent hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, which may follow intrapartum asphyxia and ultimately results in cerebral palsy.2 Nor do we know how to identify the neonates with asphyxia who are at greatest risk for encephalopathy and therefore are most likely to benefit from an intervention.Perinatal hypoxic–ischemic cerebral injury . . .
Risk of heart failure may be lower with celecoxib than with other NSAID
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The anti-inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitor celecoxib may be associated with a lower risk of congestive heart failure in the elderly than other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a large new Canadian study has found.

This study, published online on 29 May in the Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/), was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

“Our findings suggest significant differences between non-selective NSAIDs and individual COX 2 inhibitors with respect to risk of admission for congestive heart failure,” said the study's lead author, Professor Muhammad Mamdani, assistant professor in clinical epidemiology and healthcare research, …
Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins p27&lt;sup&gt;kip1&lt;/sup&gt;, Cyclins D1 and E and Proliferative Activity in Oncocytic (Hürthle Cell) Lesions of the Thyroid
Authors: Lincoln J Maynes, Michael J Hutzler, Nilima A Patwardhan, Songtao Wang, Ashraf Khan
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2000)
Review of publication bias in studies on publication bias: Systematic review is needed
Authors: Raeburn B Forbes, Mark McCarron
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
Reversal of Persistent Fibrosis in Aging by Targeting Nox4-Nrf2 Redox Imbalance
Authors: Louise Hecker, Naomi J. Logsdon, Deepali Kurundkar, Ashish Kurundkar, Karen Bernard, Thomas Hock, Eric Meldrum, Yan Y. Sanders, Victor J. Thannickal
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Fibrosis resolution is impaired by aging and is mediated by altered cellular redox homeostasis because of a Nox4-Nrf2 imbalance that promotes an apoptosis-resistant myofibroblast phenotype.
Differences in Cardiac Energetics Between Patients With Familial and Nonfamilial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wulf-Ingo Jung, Thomas Hoess, Michael Bunse, Stefan Widmaier, Ludger Sieverding, Johannes Breuer, Jürgen Apitz, Oliver Schmidt, Franz van Erckelens, Guenther J. Dietze, Otto Lutz
Journal: Circulation (2000)
RETROGRADE INTUSSUSCEPTION OF JEJUNUM: A COMPLICATION OF GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY
Authors: RALPH BOERNE BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Although gastro-enterostomy was first performed in 1881, it was not until 1917,1that is, thirty-seven years later, that the first case of retrograde intussusception of the jejunum was described as a complication of this operation. It probably was Baumann's2article in 1919 with its report of two occurrences in the same patient which really aroused interest in the matter, for within three years eight additional cases were reported. Henschen,3in 1927, before the fifty-first congress of German surgeons, presented a most complete summary of the knowledge to that time about ascending invaginations complicating stomach operations, and mentioned nearly every case that had previously been written up. Within the last few years many other instances have been reported until up to the present there are thirty-two cases on record, not counting the one we are about to report. The American literature has been particularly barren in this regard
Abstract 503: Antioxidants markedly accelerate tumor growth and reduce survival in mice with KRAS- and BRAF-induced lung cancer by disrupting the ROS-p53 axis
Authors: Volkan I. Sayin, Mohamed X. Ibrahim, Erik Larsson, Jonas A. Nilsson, Per Lindahl, Martin O. Bergö
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Antioxidants are widely used to protect cells from damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The concept that antioxidants can help fight cancer is deeply rooted in the general population, promoted by the food supplement industry, and supported by some scientific studies. However, clinical trials have reported inconsistent results. Here, we show that supplementing the diet with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or vitamin E markedly increases tumor progression and reduces survival by 50-60% in mouse models of B-RAF- and K-RAS-induced lung cancer. RNA sequencing revealed that NAC and vitamin E, which are structurally unrelated, produce highly coordinated changes in tumor transcriptome profiles, dominated by reduced expression of endogenous antioxidant genes. NAC and vitamin E increase tumor cell proliferation by reducing ROS, DNA damage, and p53 expression in mouse and human lung tumor cells. Inactivation of p53 increases tumor growth to a similar degree as antioxidants and abolishes the antioxidant effect. Thus, antioxidants accelerate tumor growth by disrupting the ROS-p53 axis. Because somatic mutations in p53 occur late in tumor progression, antioxidants may accelerate the growth of early tumors or precancerous lesions in high-risk populations such as smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who receive NAC to relieve mucus production. Citation Format: Volkan I. Sayin, Mohamed X. Ibrahim, Erik Larsson, Jonas A. Nilsson, Per Lindahl, Martin O. Bergö. Antioxidants markedly accelerate tumor growth and reduce survival in mice with KRAS- and BRAF-induced lung cancer by disrupting the ROS-p53 axis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 503. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-503
Modulated parasystole originating in the sinoatrial node.
Authors: J Jalife, D C Michaels, R Langendorf
Journal: Circulation (1986)

A computer model of "modulated sinus parasystole" was devised in which two sinus pacemakers interacted electrotonically, entraining each other's periodicity according to their beat-to-beat phasic relationships. Depending on the preestablished rules, the model gave rise to various rhythm patterns that were similar to those recorded in patients with sinoatrial arrhythmias. The validity of the model in predicting clinically observed rhythm disturbances was tested in a case of sinoatrial extrasystolic activity. The sinoatrial origin of parasystolic discharges giving rise to various patterns of group beating in this case was diagnosed according to the following electrocardiographic criteria: premature P waves having contour identical to P waves of basic beats, variable coupling intervals, and absence of compensatory pauses (i.e., returning cycles having duration similar to that of the basic P-P interval). For the analysis, it was assumed that two distinct but closely apposed sinoatrial pacemaker centers were competing for activation of the heart. The model accurately simulated the arrhythmias in the electrocardiographic trace. The best fit was found when the two pacemakers interacted on the basis of "resetting" in one direction and electronic modulation in the other. In fact, under appropriate conditions, the model matched precisely all frequency-dependent patterns of extrasystolic activity observed in the trace. We conclude that the modulated parasystole hypothesis can readily explain the mechanism of sinus extrasystolic discharges whose returning cycle equals the basic P-P interval. Moreover, the model predicts that, when the rules for mutual entrainment between "dominant" and parasystolic sinus pacemaker are appropriate, the returning cycle can be shorter than the basic cycle.
Fatal Cerebral Embolism Complicating Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization
Authors: WARREN A. KOSSOWSKY, SELVYN B. BLEIFER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of fatal cerebral embolism complicating transseptal left heart catheterization is presented. Some of the previously reported complications of this procedure are reviewed. Fatal cerebral embolism must now be added to the list of potential hazards of this procedure.
Analysis of heart block and dysrhythmias by His bundle electrograms
Authors: C. S. SMITHEN, K. BROWN, D. FLUCK, E. SOWTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Five representative cases are presented where His bundle electrograms were of value in enabling dysrhythmias to be analysed more precisely than by a surface electrocardiogram alone. The records indicated that the site of block in acquired heart block was in the peripheral bundle branches, differentiated between aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats and ventricular ectopic beats, distinguished ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction, and identified the site of impulse formation during a junctional tachycardia.
Computerized Axial Tomography and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Timothy C. Meeker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Acute renal failure may occur when contrast dye is used to enhance the computerized axial tomography (CT) brain scan. The clinician should be aware of this when employing the procedure in the workup of certain neurological diseases. We report the following case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 67-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes mellitus was transferred from an outside hospital with a history of a cerebrovascular accident two weeks before arrival. He underwent hydration (creatinine level, 1.3 mg/dl; BUN level, 24 mg/dl) and was fully examined. He had a CT brain scan with enhancement using 300 ml of diatrizoate meglumine dye (14% iodine). His urine output remained adequate. Four days after the scan he became stuporous, and his laboratory values were as follows: creatinine, 8.0 mg/dl; BUN, 177 mg/dl; and potassium, 6.2 mEq/liter. These values rose to the following: creatinine, 8.4 mg/dl; and BUN, 190 mg/dl. The diagnosis
Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 for Improved Tolerability of Cancer Treatments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liz Roffe, Katja Schmidt, Edzard Ernst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and evaluate the evidence available for oral supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to improve the tolerability of cancer treatments.Searches for all published and unpublished controlled trials were carried out on seven databases. Manufacturers of CoQ10 were identified and contacted. Controlled clinical trials of monopreparations of CoQ10 administered orally to cancer patients were included. No language restrictions were imposed. Data were extracted independently by two authors according to predefined criteria.Six studies were included in the review, including three randomized clinical trials and three nonrandomized clinical trials. Patients in five of six studies received anthracyclines. The results suggested that CoQ10 provides some protection against cardiotoxicity or liver toxicity during cancer treatment. However, because of inadequate reporting and analysis, as well as questionable validity of outcome measures, the results are not conclusive.Suggestions that CoQ10 might reduce the toxicity of cancer treatments have not been tested by rigorous trials. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether CoQ10 can improve the tolerability of cancer treatments.
Study links developmental problems in children to use of antibiotics by some mothers during preterm labour
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Researchers have emphasised the importance of long term follow-up of clinical trials after finding that giving antibiotics to some women in preterm labour raises the risk of cerebral palsy and mild functional problems in their children.

The results from the seven year follow up of the ORACLE I and ORACLE II studies show that women in preterm labour with intact membranes who were treated with erythromycin were 18% (95% confidence interval 2% to 37%) more likely to have a child with a functional impairment than women given placebo ( Lancet 2008 Sep 18, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61202-7 and doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61203-9).

The original ORACLE studies were published in 2001 and led to changes in the care of women in premature labour in the United Kingdom and around the world ( Lancet 2001;357:981-90 and 991-6).

They found that antibiotics can benefit women in preterm labour provided their waters have broken, but that the two antibiotics studied, erythromycin and co-amoxiclav, do not delay birth or improve the survival or health of babies whose mothers have intact membranes.

Another finding, that co-amoxiclav raised the risk of necrotising enterocolitis in newborn babies, led to the recommendation by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists that erythromycin and not co-amoxiclav should be given to women whose membranes had ruptured prematurely and who could have …
Guidance on large bowel surveillance for people with two first degree relatives with colorectal cancer or one first degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer under 45 years
Authors: M G Dunlop
Journal: Gut (2002)

These guidelines are intended to consider the place of large bowel screening for relatives of people who have developed colorectal cancer, as there is evidence for an increased risk of colorectal cancer in such people.

Colorectal cancer is common and many people have an affected relative. Some 4% to 7% of control cohorts report at least one affected relative, while the greater the number of affected relatives (particularly at younger ages) is paralleled by a proportionately greater personal risk of the disease.1–4 However, apart from tumour microsatellite instability, which indicates a significant chance of germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair gene5,6 and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC),5 there are no pathognomonic features of familial colorectal cancer that indicate an increased familial risk. Hence, at risk groups outwith HNPCC and FAP have to be defined by empiric risk data from their family history. People with a first degree relative affected by colorectal cancer when aged <45 years or those with two affected first degree relatives have sufficiently high risk to merit consideration for invasive surveillance.

This document aims to provide guidance by defining the level of empiric risk at which it is appropriate to consider clinical surveillance. This guidance specifically excludes people whose family history fulfils criteria for HNPCC or other autosomal dominant genetic syndrome associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility. It also excludes people who carry mutations in colorectal cancer susceptibility genes (for example, APC or DNA mismatch repair genes), irrespective of the family history. These scenarios are considered in separate guidance.

Although the aggregate risk of colorectal cancer for a group of people can be defined by family history parameters, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of risk for individuals within any risk category group thus defined. Some people who are not offered …