tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of Tuberculosis in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Richard M. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pradhan et al (229: 798,1974) reported five cases of active tuberculosis in a maintenance dialysis population of 136 patients. They pointed out that while this incidence was approximately 15 times higher than in any population subgroup in New York City, "general confirmation of our findings is required before prophylactic antituberculosis therapy can be considered for all dialysis patients." Since 1964, three hundred twenty-seven patients with chronic renal failure have undergone dialysis at the University-Veterans Hospital complex in Iowa City. Three patients were Spanish, two Oriental, and nine black; the remaining 313 were white. Before 1969, most of our patients received dialysis for three to four years before transplantation. Presently, our average patient received dialysis for 8 to 12 months before transplantation. Approximately 10% of our dialysis patients are not transplant candidates. We have not yet observed tuberculosis in this group of dialysis patients, although the diagnosis of
Detection of Endotoxin in the Blood of Patients with Sepsis Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Jack Levin, T. Edwin Poore, Neil P. Zauber, Ronald S. Oser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A test for endotoxin was performed on the blood of 98 patients in whom septicemia due to gram-negative bacteria was suspected. The method was derived from a previous observation that endotoxin causes gelation of lysates of Limulus polyphemus amebocytes in vitro. Seventeen per cent of the patients studied had endotoxemia, as defined by this test. There was a good correlation between positive tests for endotoxin and bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms. Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia due to gram-positive organisms had negative tests. Endotoxin or endotoxin-like material was detected in the blood in concentrations from approximately 0.005 to 0.0005 μg per milliliter. Our data indicate that the limulus test is a sensitive, reliable and practical method for the detection of endotoxemia.
Family Medicine: Principles and Practice
Authors: Alford C. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This text is an expanded, revised second edition of a monumental, comprehensive reference in family medicine. One hundred sixty-four contributors, persons actively teaching and practicing medicine, have created a definitive, practical guide for the practicing family physician and those subspecialists who want to understand better the role of the family physician in medical care. The text is a large volume—2,020 pages with 297 illustrations. It reads well and is well organized. It has three major divisions: "The Principles of Family Medicine," "The Practice of Family Medicine," and "The Application of Family Medicine." Part 1 approaches medical care from three viewpoints: behavior of the patient, family, and physician; concepts integral to the data base of family medicine; and skills used in family medicine. Part 2 presents comprehensive coverage of problems in specific body systems. Part 3 focuses on family problems with discussions of the clinical aspects of life events and family
Obesity and Risk of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Nancy J. O. Birkmeyer, David C. Charlesworth, Felix Hernandez, Bruce J. Leavitt, Charles A. S. Marrin, Jeremy R. Morton, Elaine M. Olmstead, Gerald T. O’Connor
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Obesity is frequently cited as a risk factor for adverse outcomes of major surgery. The results of prior studies of the relationship between obesity and risk of adverse outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been contradictory because of insufficient power to assess relatively infrequent outcomes or data to adjust for confounding factors.Data on patient age, sex, height, weight, medical history, current clinical status, and treatment factors were assessed prospectively among 11101 consecutive patients undergoing CABG. Body mass index (BMI) was used as the measure of obesity and was categorized as nonobese (1st to 74th percentiles), obese (75th to 94th percentiles), or severely obese (95th to 100th percentiles). Adverse outcomes occurring in-hospital, including mortality, intraoperative/postoperative cerebrovascular accident (CVA), postoperative bleeding, and sternal wound infection, were defined prospectively. Associations between obesity and postoperative outcomes were assessed by use of logistic regression to adjust for potentially confounding variables. Although obesity was not associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.16; P=.261) or postoperative CVA (adjusted OR, 1.06; P=.765), risks of sternal wound infection were substantially increased in the obese (adjusted OR, 2.10; confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 3.06; P<.001) and severely obese (adjusted OR, 2.74; CI, 1.49 to 5.02; P=.001). On the other hand, rates of postoperative bleeding were significantly lower in the obese (adjusted OR, 0.66; CI, 0.49 to 0.90; P=.009) and severely obese (adjusted OR, 0.40; CI, 0.20 to 0.81; P=.011).With the exception of sternal wound infection, the perception among clinicians that obesity predisposes to various postoperative complications with CABG is not supported by these data. Further work is needed to understand the apparent protective effect of obesity on risks of postoperative bleeding.
Altered Calcium Metabolism in Epileptic Children on Anticonvulsants
Authors: J. Hunter, J. D. Maxwell, D. A. Stewart, V. Parsons, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A survey of 105 epileptic children aged 10-16 years at a residential school who were taking anticonvulsant drugs showed reduced serum calcium levels in 30% and a raised serum alkaline phosphatase in 24%. Urinary D-glucaric acid excretion, a quantitative index of hepatic enzyme induction, was raised in 94% of the children, and statistical analysis showed a significant inverse correlation with the level of serum calcium. These findings give further support for the view that an important factor in the development of the hypocalcaemia and occasional clinical osteomalacia in epileptics on anticonvulsant drugs is an alteration of vitamin-D metabolism in the liver as a result of microsomal enzyme induction. As a consequence there is an increased requirement for vitamin D which may not be met by average intakes in Britain.
Review: Oral vitamin D prevents nonvertebral and hip fractures in a dose-dependent manner in patients ≥ 65 years of age
Authors: Michael Denman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:551-61. 19307517
SIGMOID SHAPED INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM REVEALS NORMAL MYOCARDIAL CHARACTERISTICS BY SPECKLE-TRACKING TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND 320-SLICE CT AND HAS A RELATIONSHIP WITH AGING, ASCENDING AORTIC SCLEROSIS AND ITS TILT TO LEFT VENTRICLE
Authors: Tomoko Umazume, Nobusada Funabashi, Koya Ozawa, Akihisa Kataoka, Masae Uehara, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Correction of Murine Rag2 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency by Lentiviral Gene Therapy Using a Codon-optimized RAG2 Therapeutic Transgene
Authors: Niek P van Til, Helen de Boer, Nomusa Mashamba, Agnieszka Wabik, Marshall Huston, Trudi P Visser, Elena Fontana, Pietro Luigi Poliani, Barbara Cassani, Fang Zhang, Adrian J Thrasher, Anna Villa, Gerard Wagemaker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2) deficiency results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with complete lack of T and B lymphocytes. Initial gammaretroviral gene therapy trials for other types of SCID proved effective, but also revealed the necessity of safe vector design. We report the development of lentiviral vectors with the spleen focus forming virus (SF) promoter driving codon-optimized human RAG2 (RAG2co), which improved phenotype amelioration compared to native RAG2 in Rag2(-/-) mice. With the RAG2co therapeutic transgene, T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin repertoire, T-cell mitogen responses, plasma immunoglobulin levels and T-cell dependent and independent specific antibody responses were restored. However, the thymus double positive T-cell population remained subnormal, possibly due to the SF virus derived element being sensitive to methylation/silencing in the thymus, which was prevented by replacing the SF promoter by the previously reported silencing resistant element (ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE)), and also improved B-cell reconstitution to eventually near normal levels. Weak cellular promoters were effective in T-cell reconstitution, but deficient in B-cell reconstitution. We conclude that immune functions are corrected in Rag2(-/-) mice by genetic modification of stem cells using the UCOE driven codon-optimized RAG2, providing a valid optional vector for clinical implementation.
Sinus Node Dysfunction Caused by Methyldopa and Digoxin
Authors: Jesse C. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Symptomatic sinus bradycardia developed in two patients while they were taking methyldopa and digoxin. In one patient, bradycardia did not occur with either digoxin or methyldopa alone. The other patient, who had never taken methyldopa alone, did not demonstrate bradycardia with digoxin alone. In each patient, normal sinus node function was demonstrated after methyldopa and digoxin therapy was discontinued. Both patients continued to receive digoxin without recurrence of bradycardia.
Association Between Right Bundle Branch Block and Impaired Myocardial Tissue-Level Reperfusion in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Makoto Suzuki, Tomoki Sakaue, Masamichi Tanaka, Eiki Hirose, Hideyuki Saeki, Tsuyoshi Matsunaka, Shinichi Hiramatsu, Yukio Kazatani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Hepatitis B, tropical ulcers, and immunisation strategy in Kiribati.
Authors: C J Tibbs
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The seroepidemiology of hepatitis B was studied in Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands). Six hundred and two (98%) of the population studied showed evidence of current or previous infection. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 31% (188/615) and of the e antigen was 9% (58/615). Infection was acquired early in life, and the prevalence of both antigens declined with age. The rates of infection were similar in all age groups examined (0-70) including early childhood. Both hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen were detected in exudates from tropical ulcers, which may be a source of environmental hepatitis B. Concordance of antigen presence was higher in pairs of siblings than in mother-child pairs. All Gilbertese children should receive hepatitis B vaccine at birth or soon after if the long term consequences of hepatitis B infection are to be minimised.
Mind mappers and cognitive modelers: Toward cross-fertilization
Authors: Arthur M. Jacobs, Thomas H. Carr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract It is argued that current neuroimaging studies can provide useful constraints for the construction of models of cognition, and that these studies should be guided by cognitive models. A numberof challenges for a successful cross-fertilization between “mind mappers” and cognitive modelers are discussed in the light of current research on word recognition.
Europe's biggest hospital faces privatisation
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Europe’s largest university hospital group, the Charite in Berlin, faces controversy over a plan to sell one of its hospitals to a private company. 

Last week, Dieter Lenzen, president of the Berlin Free University announced at a press conference that his institution supports the sale of the Benjamin Franklin Hospital or parts of it to preserve the hospital’s standard of medical …
The Open-Artery Theory Is Alive and Well -- Again
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The foundation of modern therapy for acute myocardial infarction was laid in 1941 by Blumgart et al., who demonstrated that in dogs with transient coronary occlusion, the extent of myocardial infarction was affected by the duration of occlusion1. As a result of this and subsequent investigations,2,3 the clinical importance of a patent as opposed to an occluded infarct-related artery (the so-called open infarct-related artery theory) became widely accepted. This theory holds that early reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery results in myocardial salvage, which preserves ventricular function; such preservation in turn is responsible for improved survival. This idea . . .
The Individual Mandate and Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Scott A. Berkowitz, Edward D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Introducing the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Original research articles in JAMA are selected for publication because the results are valid and findings provide important new clinical, research, or policy-related insights. To be current, clinicians must read and understand the primary research literature. By implication, this means also understanding increasingly complex methodologies and statistical analyses now used in clinical research. Clinicians may not be familiar with research methods introduced after they completed training. Because relatively little emphasis is placed in medical school on research methods and statistics, clinicians may never have learned enough about these topics to properly understand current research articles.
Salty Taste in the Mouth
Authors: Mortimer Lorber
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  This is to supplement the reply to the question concerning further evaluation of a middle-aged woman with a salty taste in her mouth.1The physician did not mention the appearance of the patient's oral structures. This is unfortunate, because the latter might be related to her symptom. For example, if she has artificial teeth, the flavorings of any denture adhesive used could be a possible cause of the new taste. If the patient has natural teeth, she may have gingivitis or periodontitis, both of which are not only common but which are also characterized by increased seepage of crevicular fluid from the gingival margin,2and often gingival bleeding. The sodium content of these fluids3,4is far greater than that of saliva (5 to 23 mEq/L),5-7even during increased salivary flow.6,7Such an introduction of salt-rich biologic fluids into the normally very-low-sodium oral
Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: Early Changes Under Drug Treatment and Drug Withdrawal
Authors: RUDOLF HOEHN-SARIC, MARTIN GROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The purpose of this study was to establish which qualities of auditory hallucinations are most sensitive to change during drug treatment and drug withdrawal. The authors tested 24 newly admitted hallucinating patients on drug treatment and 25 chronic hallucinating patients on drug withdrawal. Frequency, loudness, and emotional reaction were found to change significantly more often than other characteristics.
CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA
Authors: Charles L. Hoagland, S. M. Ward, Joseph E. Smadel, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Suspensions of purified elementary bodies of vaccinia exhibit fluorescence in the presence of ultraviolet light. This fluorescent constituent can be separated by chromatographic methods provided the virus is first denatured by acid and heat. By means of the specific protein of d-amino acid oxidase it has been possible to identify the flavin constituent as flavin-adenine-dinucleotide and show that it can participate in the oxidative deamination of d-alanine. By means of microbiological assay the flavin component has been quantitatively measured and shown to compare favorably in concentration with that observed in animal cells and in some bacteria; its concentration in virus is lower than that observed in yeast. The demonstration that it exists as an integral portion of the virus is not conclusive. So far, however, it has been separated from the elementary bodies only by means which in themselves inactivate the virus.
BRAF Inhibition in Refractory Hairy-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Sascha Dietrich, Hanno Glimm, Mindaugas Andrulis, Christof von Kalle, Anthony D. Ho, Thorsten Zenz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is a mature B-cell lymphoid cancer that is commonly treated with purine analogues.
Immunological Effects of BCG in Malignant Melanoma: Two Modes of Administration Compared
Authors: AVRUM Z. BLUMING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A comparison was made of the effects of two modes of administering bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the immunological reactivity of malignant melanoma patients after surgical excision of clinically apparent tumor. A nonspecific potentiating effect on cellular reactivity to both primary and recall antigens was observed in the group receiving BCG by dermal scarification. No such effect was noted in the group receiving intradermal BCG vaccination. This difference might be accounted for by the fact that the administered dose of the former preparation was approximately 1 X 104 times larger than the latter. Although each course of therapy was continued for only 28 days, a significant difference in remission duration is already evident between the two groups (P = 0.01). All intradermally treated patients developed recurrent tumor by 30 weeks, whereas all but one of the scarified patients remain free of tumor at 50 to 59 weeks from the time of surgery.
Background of hyperkinetic circulatory state in young spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: S. A LUNDIN, M. HALLBACK-NORDLANDER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The present study explores the relationship between central hyperreactivity to alerting stimuli and the presence of a hyperkinetic circulatory state during "rest " in very young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 6 week old SHR, ordinary normotensive Wistar rats (NCR) and normotensive Wistar rats of the Kyoto strain (WKR) were fitted with chronic catheters in the right carotid artery and jugular vein. The rats were habituated to the laboratory environment before the actual experiment, which included measurement of cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). CO was determined by a cardiogreen dye-dilution technique in microscale. Measurements were first performed when the rats were awake and at rest, thereafter when exposed to shortlasting "mental stress", then during pentobarbitone anaesthesia, and finally during anaesthesia combined with pharmacological blockade of the neurogenic control of the heart. Thus, central haemodynamics could be followed over a wide range of neurogenic cardiac stimulation, from complete blockade over to intense physiological stimulation during mental stress. Young SHR with a 30% MAP elevation had a higher CO at rest than either of the controls, primarily because of increased HR. During "mental stress" the pattern of increased CO and HR in SHR was further accentuated. Elimination of mental excitatory stimuli by anaesthesia, and a subsequent cardiac neurogenic blockade, lowered CO and HR more in SHR than in the controls. Following these interventions CO was similar in all groups, but MAP remained elevated in SHR because of an increased total peripheral resistance (TPR). Further, for any given CO level both MAP and TPR were always higher in SHR than in either NCR or WKR, indicative that there are already structural vascular changes in 6 week old SHR. The results further suggest that the centrally mediated cardiovascular hyperreactivity to environmental stimuli also greatly influences basal haemodynamics in young SHR and are therefore of major importance in inducing this variant of primary hypertension.
174 VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR LEVELS CORRELATE WITH THE SEVERITY OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND INDEPENDENTLY PREDICT THE CLINICAL OUTCOME OF CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: V. La Mura, J.C. Reverter, A. Flores-Arroyo, M. Hernández-Guerra, J.G. Abraldes, J.C. García-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
862 VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX, EXPRESSION OF ADIPOSE DYSFUNCTION, IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: S. Petta, M. Amato, G. Licata, M. Barcellona, C. Cammà, D. Cabibi, V. Di Marco, C. Giordano, D. Sinagra, A. Galluzzo, A. Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Paradise at a price
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The annual number of visitors to Darwin's Galapagos Islands went up fourfold between 1979 and 1993, when it reached 47000. At the current rate of increase, there will be 82000 visitors by 1997. On the trekking trails in Nepal the lodges in one village alone destroy one hectare of virgin rhododendron forest a year, chiefly for fuelwood. This results in 30-75 tons of soil erosion, causing floods and landslides.

These two facts, from an admirably concise briefing document published recently by the Panos Institute, tells us much about the real nature of “ecotourism.” It is a sobering document—not least because it speaks mostly in restrained rather than shrill tones about …
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of insecticides and plant growth regulators: comparative studies toward understanding the molecular mechanism of action.
Authors: H Iwamura, K Nishimura, T Fujita
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Emphasis was put on the comparative quantitative structure-activity approaches to the exploration of action mechanisms of structurally different classes of compounds showing the same type of activity as well as those of the same type of compounds having different actions. Examples were selected from studies performed on insecticides and plant growth regulators, i.e., neurotoxic carbamates, phosphates, pyrethroids and DDT analogs, insect juvenile hormone mimics, and cytokinin agonistic and antagonistic compounds. Similarities and dissimilarities in structures required to elicit activity between compounds classes were revealed in terms of physicochemical parameters, provoking further exploration and evoking insights into the molecular mechanisms of action which may lead to the development of new structures having better qualities.