tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential irritant skin responses to tandem application of topical retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate: II. Effect of time between first and second exposure
Authors: S.I. ALE, J‐P.K. LAUGIER, H.I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Differential irritant skin responses to tandem application of topical retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate: II. Effect of time between first and second exposure Get access S.I. ALE, S.I. ALE Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, SU 110 Medical Center Way, Box 0989, San Francisco, CA 94143–0989, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, University of Montevideo, Uruguay Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐P.K. LAUGIER, J‐P.K. LAUGIER Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, SU 110 Medical Center Way, Box 0989, San Francisco, CA 94143–0989, U.S.A., Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.I. MAIBACH H.I. MAIBACH Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, SU 110 Medical Center Way, Box 0989, San Francisco, CA 94143–0989, U.S.A., Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 2, 1 August 1997, Pages 226–233, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18101910.x Published: 01 August 1997
Antineoplastons: The Controversy Continues
Authors: Harold J. Wanebo
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Green has presented a very cogent exposé of a troubling cancer therapy of unknown efficacy. Green analyzes in exquisite detail the biochemical and experimental results associated with antineoplastons, which would raise questions about their use in any clinical setting. It is one thing for new drugs under development to be studied in a classic phase I study, having gone through preclinical trials and deemed valid to merit clinical study after careful peer review. This apparently is not the case in the antineoplaston story, which raises serious concerns as to how this type of activity is allowed to continue. I have had personal experience with one patient, a 38-year-old woman, who developed recurrent rectal cancer involving the lower pelvis. This patient's cancer had progressed in spite of treatment with radiation and chemotherapy and was looking for alternative therapy. She found her way to the Burzynski Clinic where
Echocardiographic Quantification of Regional Left Ventricular Wall Motion With Color Kinesis
Authors: Roberto M. Lang, Philippe Vignon, Lynn Weinert, James Bednarz, Claudia Korcarz, Joanne Sandelski RDMS, Rick Koch, David Prater, Victor Mor-Avi
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Color kinesis is a new technology for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular wall motion based on acoustic quantification. This technique automatically detects endocardial motion in real time by using integrated backscatter data to identify pixel transitions from blood to tissue during systole on a frame-by-frame basis. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of quantitative segmental analysis of color kinesis images to provide objective evaluation of regional systolic endocardial motion. Methods and Results Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in the short-axis and apical four-chamber views in 20 normal subjects and 40 patients with regional wall motion abnormalities. End-systolic color overlays superimposed on the gray scale images were obtained with color kinesis to color encode left ventricular endocardial motion throughout systole on a frame-by-frame basis. These color-encoded images were divided into segments by use of custom software. In each segment, pixels of different colors were counted and displayed as stacked histograms reflecting the magnitude and timing of regional endocardial excursion. In normal subjects, histograms were found to be highly consistent and reproducible. The patterns of contraction obtained in normal subjects were used as a reference for the objective automated interpretation of regional wall motion abnormalities, defined as deviations from this pattern. The variability in the echocardiographic interpretation of wall motion between two experienced readers was similar to the diagnostic variability between the consensus of the two readers and the automated interpretation. Conclusions Color kinesis is a promising new tool that may be used clinically to improve the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of spatial and temporal aspects of global and regional wall motion. In this initial study, segmental analysis of color kinesis images provided accurate, automated, and quantitative diagnosis of regional wall motion abnormalities.
TCT-48 Two Year Follow-Up And Sub-group Analysis Of A Polymer-Free Sirolimus- And Probucol-Eluting Stent vs. A New Generation Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent In Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lamin King, Lamin King, Robert Byrne, Salvatore Cassese, Tomohisa Tada, Julinda Mehilli, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Trust and demand
Authors: Jane Smith
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Last week's Editor's Choice argued that health care was too important to be left to politicians and that Britain's National Health Service should be made independent of government. This week 900 British doctors have written to politicians to argue that the NHS is unsustainable and that it is time to look at new ways of delivering health care in the UK (p 813). What prompts this demand for new thinking is the service's financial crisis, which is seeing pay awards staged and jobs cut (p 813). Yet I wonder how apparent the crisis is to patients: several recent exposures …
Chronic Intravascular Hemolysis after Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: ELAINE EYSTER, JOHN ROTHCHILD, OLGA MYCHAJLIW
Journal: Circulation (1971)

To assess the severity of hemolysis and to determine whether severity of hemolysis was related to type of prosthesis, hematocrit readings (Hct), schistocyte counts (S), reticulocyte counts (R), and determinations of haptoglobin (Hp), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, urinary hemoglobin, and urinary hemosiderin (Hs) were performed on 54 patients who had three different types of aortic ball-valve prostheses. Hemolysis, as determined by absence of haptoglobins or hemosiderinuria or R&gt;3.5% in the absence of bleeding, was detected in 39 of the 54 patients (72%). S, R, LDH, and bilirubin were higher in patients without haptoglobins than in those with haptoglobins ( P &lt; 0.005). Hematocrits of less than 32% were found in 13 of the 34 patients (38%) with Starr-Edwards valves compared to none of the 11 with Magovern valves ( P &lt; 0.001) and one of the nine with Cutter ( P &lt; 0.05) valves. The combination of S&gt;10 per 1,000 cells, R&gt;5%, and LDH&gt;500 mU was observed only with Starr-Edwards valves (16 of the 34 patients) and was not seen in patients with Magovern or Cutter valves ( P &lt; 0.005). All patients with S&gt;10, R&gt;5%, and LDH&gt;500 mU had hemosiderinuria, and five had hemoglobinuria. Hemoglobinuria was always indicative of severe hemolysis. Hemosiderinuria was rarely detected less than 3 months after operation but was found in 32 of 47 patients so tested (68%) more than 3 months after operation. Hemosiderinuria was found in 25 of 30 patients with Starr-Edwards valves compared to two of the 11 with Magovern valves ( P &lt; 0.001). Hemosiderinuria was also detected in five of six patients with Cutter valves tested, but in three of these the test was only faintly positive. It is concluded that hemolysis is more severe in the presence of Starr-Edwards valves than Magovern or Cutter valves. Based on these observations, the following criteria for rapid clinical evaluation of cardiac hemolysis are suggested: Mild: Hs or absence of Hp but S&lt;10, R&lt;5, LDH&lt;500; moderate: Hs or absence of Hp but S&gt;10, R&gt;5, LDH&gt;500; severe: all of above plus hemoglobinuria.
Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability
Authors: Katalin Karikó, Hiromi Muramatsu, Frank A Welsh, János Ludwig, Hiroki Kato, Shizuo Akira, Drew Weissman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

In vitro-transcribed mRNAs encoding physiologically important proteins have considerable potential for therapeutic applications. However, in its present form, mRNA is unfeasible for clinical use because of its labile and immunogenic nature. Here, we investigated whether incorporation of naturally modified nucleotides into transcripts would confer enhanced biological properties to mRNA. We found that mRNAs containing pseudouridines have a higher translational capacity than unmodified mRNAs when tested in mammalian cells and lysates or administered intravenously into mice at 0.015-0.15 mg/kg doses. The delivered mRNA and the encoded protein could be detected in the spleen at 1, 4, and 24 hours after the injection, where both products were at significantly higher levels when pseudouridine-containing mRNA was administered. Even at higher doses, only the unmodified mRNA was immunogenic, inducing high serum levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). These findings indicate that nucleoside modification is an effective approach to enhance stability and translational capacity of mRNA while diminishing its immunogenicity in vivo. Improved properties conferred by pseudouridine make such mRNA a promising tool for both gene replacement and vaccination.
Long-term Persistence in Use of Statin Therapy in Elderly Patients
Authors: Joshua S. Benner
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextKnowledge of long-term persistence with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy is limited because previous studies have observed patients for short periods of time, in closely monitored clinical trials, or in other unrepresentative settings.ObjectiveTo describe the patterns and predictors of long-term persistence with statin therapy in an elderly US population.Design, Setting, and PatientsRetrospective cohort study including 34 501 enrollees in the New Jersey Medicaid and Pharmaceutical Assistance to the Aged and Disabled programs who were 65 years of age and older, initiated statin treatment between 1990 and 1998, and who were followed up until death, disenrollment, or December 31, 1999.Main Outcome MeasuresProportion of days covered (PDC) by a statin in each quarter during the first year of therapy and every 6 months thereafter; predictors of suboptimal persistence during each interval (PDC &lt;80%) were identified using generalized linear models for repeated measures.ResultsThe mean PDC was 79% in the first 3 months of treatment, 56% in the second quarter, and 42% after 120 months. Only 1 patient in 4 maintained a PDC of at least 80% after 5 years. The proportion of patients with a PDC less than 80% increased in a log-linear manner, comprising 40%, 61%, and 68% of the cohort after 3, 12, and 120 months, respectively. Independent predictors of poor long-term persistence included nonwhite race, lower income, older age, less cardiovascular morbidity at initiation of therapy, depression, dementia, and occurrence of coronary heart disease events after starting treatment. Patients who initiated therapy between 1996-1998 were 21% to 25% more likely to have a PDC of at least 80% than those who started in 1990.ConclusionsPersistence with statin therapy in older patients declines substantially over time, with the greatest drop occurring in the first 6 months of treatment. Despite slightly better persistence among patients who began treatment in recent years, long-term use remains low. Interventions are needed early in treatment and among high-risk groups, including those who experience coronary heart disease events after initiating treatment.
Comparison between Weight Reduction on a High-Calorie, High-Fat Diet and on an Isocaloric Regimen High in Carbohydrate
Authors: Sidney C. Werner, Shirley Barber, I. Moen, M. Iles, A. Kerr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE claim has been recently publicized that fat *- can be eaten ad libitum and still induce weight loss in obese subjects whereas carbohydrate in isocaloric amounts is held to stimulate the deposition of fat and hence weight gai-.1 2 3 4 The original report described losses of 4.1 to 24.5 kg. (9 to 54 pounds) in one to six months in 20 obese men on the high-fat regimen.1 In a trial of the diet on a few patients in the Combined Endocrine Clinic of the Presbyterian Hospital the fact was confirmed that weight was lost, but the suspicion was left that the . . .
Multitudes of perspectives: Integrating the Selfish Goal model with views on scientific metaphors, goal systems, and society
Authors: Julie Y. Huang, John A. Bargh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract In our response, we address commentators' feedback regarding the contributions and limitations of the Selfish Goal model. We first clarify potential misunderstandings regarding the model's contributions and the role of consciousness. Second, we situate evaluations of the selfish metaphor within the similarities and differences inherent to the goal-gene comparison. We then respond to commentators' insights regarding future directions and implications of our model, particularly with respect to the broader organizational systems in which goals may operate. Finally, we reiterate important considerations for goal research moving forward.
Rethinking Models of Psychotropic Drug Action
Authors: Joanna Moncrieff, David Cohen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Theoretical assumptions about how psychotropic drugs ‘work’ are rarely discussed explicitly. In a ‘disease-centred model,’ drugs are believed to work by acting on a disease process. In contrast, in a ‘drug-centred model,’ the characteristic physiological, behavioural and subjective effects of drugs are used to define drug action. The therapeutic value of a drug stems from the usefulness of these effects in clinical situations. The disease-centred model appears dominant but has weaknesses: (1) it cannot logically justify the use of drugs since major pathophysiological hypotheses were derived from selectively observed actions of drugs; (2) comparisons between drugs believed to have specific effects in certain conditions and drugs thought to have non-specific effects fail to support it; (3) outcome measures for various disorders include items responsive to non-specific drug effects; (4) studies with healthy volunteers describe characteristic drug-induced states independently of a psychiatric diagnosis; (5) animal tests show effects with agents not usually thought of as specific treatments for the conditions modelled by tests. This article offers suggestions to develop a drug-centred model and discusses its potential impact on clinical practice.
Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis with etanercept
Authors: M. Esposito, A. Mazzotta, C. De Felice, M. Papoutsaki, S. Chimenti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Severe variants of psoriasis, such as erythrodermic psoriasis, may be associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options for erythrodermic psoriasis are limited, unsatisfactory and potentially associated with organ-specific toxicity. Recently, a new class of agents, targeted biological therapies, has emerged. Etanercept is a recombinant human fusion protein acting as a competitive inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The safety and efficacy of etanercept have been widely demonstrated in psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis.To assess the efficacy and tolerability of etanercept in the treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis over a period of 24 weeks.Ten patients, eight men and two women, were selected to receive etanercept 25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, ranging from 0 to 72, was used to assess the severity of disease.Etanercept was well tolerated and led to a significant reduction in the severity of disease over the period of treatment. After 24 weeks, the mean PASI score decreased from 39.1 (baseline) to 5.1. At week 12, five of 10 (50%) patients achieved an improvement of PASI score from baseline exceeding 75%. At week 24, six of 10 patients (60%) achieved or maintained an improvement of PASI score from baseline exceeding 75% while two patients (20%) maintained an improvement of between 50% and 75%.In this study, etanercept has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for erythrodermic psoriasis, providing a safe and convenient alternative to current therapies.
Predicting Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity
Authors: R. D. Moore, C. R. Smith, P. S. Lietman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to offer several comments concerning the publication by Lam and collegues.<sup>1</sup> Since publication of our study,<sup>2</sup>we have applied our discriminant function prospectively to 143 sequential medical and surgical patients (no exclusions) hospitalized at Johns Hopkins. Plots of the distributions of the discriminant sums and the associated probabilities of nephrotoxicity for the patients who did and did not develop nephrotoxicity are shown in Fig 1. Using these data, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of our discriminant function can be determined for any selected classification cutoff point. For example, using a cutoff point of 0.75 (0.25 probability) to define a positive test result, the following table is generated: Thus, the sensitivity is 73% (11/15), the specificity is 84% (108/128), the predictive value of a positive test result is 36% (11/31), and the predictive value of a negative test result is 96% (108/112). We have shown in a separate patient
The ageing dermis: the main cause for the appearance of 'old' skin
Authors: C.M. LAPIERE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Ageing ofthe skin is associated with progressive atrophy ofthe dermis, as well as changes in thearchitectural organization, leading to folds and wrinkles. As the dermis comprises living tissue, dermal changes are not simply the sum of age‐related changes occurring in the mesenchymal cells and the supporting macromolecular structures. Chronological ageing reduces the life of fibroblasts in vitro and, to some extent, in vivo; their potential for division being lower in the elderly. Fibroblasts replicate in vitro but only divide very slowly in vivo. Both endogenous factors, e.g. nutritional and endocrine status, and environmental factors, e.g. UV radiation, toxic compounds or free radicals, affect the functions of fibroblasts and the physical and chemical nature of the supporting macromolecules. Mechanical forces also play an important role in the architectural deterioration ofthe dermis. In vitro models have been developed using dermal cells and supporting tissue to investigate the factors involved in the ageing process.
Growth factor-induced phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase/Akt phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells: induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell death
Authors: F Jung
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The signaling pathways mediating proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are not well established. It has previously been shown that activation of the phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway or the ERK 1/2 pathway can mediate anti-apoptotic function in different cell types. This study determined the specific contribution of the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathway in the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation of VSMC. Methods and results: Incubation of rat VSMC with FCS, insulin or IGF-1 time-dependently stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, however FCS but not insulin or IGF-1 activated the MAP-kinase ERK 1/2. Moreover, insulin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis via the Akt pathway as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K or overexpression of a dominant negative Akt mutant. In contrast, FCS inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis via the Akt and also the ERK pathway. FCS, but not insulin or IGF-1 induced VSMC proliferation, suggesting that Akt activation is necessary but not sufficient for VSMC proliferation. FCS-induced proliferation of VSMC was only mediated via the Akt pathway and not the ERK pathway. Conclusions: These results define a link between cell proliferation and programmed cell death in VSMC via the same signal transduction pathway, namely activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, which may have significant implication for the development of vascular diseases or remodeling.
Wheeled Mobility (Wheelchair) Service Delivery: Scope of the Evidence
Authors: Nancy Greer, Michelle Brasure, Timothy J. Wilt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Identifying the appropriate wheelchair for a person who needs one has implications for both disabled persons and society. For someone with severe locomotive problems, the right wheelchair can affect mobility and quality of life. However, policymakers are concerned about the increasing demand for unnecessarily elaborate chairs. The Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, issued 4 reports between 2009 and 2011 detailing fraud and misapplication of Medicare funds for powered wheelchairs, more than a decade after similar concerns were first raised by 4 contractors who process claims for durable medical equipment. Subsequent concerns have arisen about whether some impaired persons who need wheeled mobility devices may now be inappropriately denied coverage. A transparent, evidence-based approach to wheeled mobility service delivery (the matching of mobility-impaired persons to appropriate devices and supporting services) might lessen these concerns. This review describes the process of wheeled mobility service delivery for long-term wheelchair users with complex rehabilitation needs and presents findings from a survey of the literature (published and gray) and interviews with key informants. Recommended steps in the delivery process were identified in textbooks, guidelines, and published literature. Delivery processes shared many commonalities; however, no research supports the recommended approaches. A search of bibliographic databases through March 2011 identified 24 studies that evaluated aspects of wheeled mobility service delivery. Most were observational, exploratory studies designed to determine consumer use of and satisfaction with the process. The evidence base for the effectiveness of approaches to wheeled mobility service delivery is insufficient, and additional research is needed to develop standards and guidelines.
Spermine oxidase, a polyamine catabolic enzyme that links<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>CagA and gastric cancer risk
Authors: Rupesh Chaturvedi, Thibaut de Sablet, Richard M. Peek, Keith T. Wilson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

We have recently reported that Helicobacter pylori strains expressing the virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) stimulate increased levels of spermine oxidase (SMO) in gastric epithelial cells, while cagA– strains did not. SMO catabolizes the polyamine spermine and produces H2O2 that results in both apoptosis and DNA damage. Exogenous overexpression of CagA confirmed these findings, and knockdown or inhibition of SMO blocked CagA-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage. The strong association of SMO, apoptosis, and DNA damage was also demonstrated in humans infected with cagA+, but not cagA– strains. In infected gerbils and mice, DNA damage was CagA-dependent and only present in epithelial cells that expressed SMO. We also discovered SMOhigh gastric epithelial cells from infected animals with dysplasia that are resistant to apoptosis despite high levels of DNA damage. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis or SMO could abrogate the development of this cell population that may represent precursors for neoplastic transformation.
Lack of association between interferon‐gamma receptor‐1 polymorphism and pulmonary TB in Iranian population sample
Authors: S.M. Mirsaeidi, M. Houshmand, P. Tabarsi, M.M. Banoei, L. Zargari, M. Amiri, S.D. Mansouri, M.H. Sanati, M.R. Masjedi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)