tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
URIC ACID INFLAMMATION OF THE MIDDLE EAR, MEMBRANA TYMPANI AND MASTOID.
Authors: CORNELIUS WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

able.A mild resorcin and sulphur ointment, usually so effec- tive in seborrheie eczema, was not tolerated; but an ointment containing 8 grains of ammoniated mercury and 1 ounce of zinc oxid to an ounce of cold cream appeared to be soothing to the affected parts.Under this treatment a rapid improvement in the condition of the patient took place and two months later the rash had completely disappeared.I am of the opinion, therefore, that this was a case of seborrheie eczema aggravated by the irritable condition of the stomach.Case 3.-S.W., male, aged 27, came to see me on June 10, 1901.He told me that he had suffered from eczema of the face for over two years.On inquiring I also ascertained that he frequently suffered from heartburn, pain after eating, belching and other symptoms of indigestion.His face and ears were nearly covered with red scaly patches and his left cheek was considerably swollen.He also suffered from seborrhea of the scalp and alopecia furfuracea.I considered this a case of seborrheie eczema aggravated by hyperchlorhydria and pre- scribed accordingly.The rapid disappearance of the edema and the marked improvement in the scaly patches appear to support my diagnosis.Case 4.-A woman, aged 50, came to see me in December, 1900, complaining of an eruption on the backs of her hands.She was full-blooded and had had her menopause about three years previously.She said that she had had indigestion for years, but the symptoms, discomfort after eating, belching, acid eructations, did not worry her very much as her appetite was fair and her general health was good.An examination of the lesions convinced me that it was a case of acute weeping eczema, and analysis of the gastric contents revealed the presence of hyperchlorhydria.The stomach was not displaced.I esti- mated the quantity of uric acid passed in a day to be 12.5
Abstract 2527: Potent, highly selective peptidomimetic prodrugs targeting the SH2 domain of Stat3 decrease vasculogenic mimicry, invasion, and anchorage independent growth of cancer cells
Authors: Pijus K. Mandal, Warren S. Liao, Fengqin Gao, Fredika M. Robertson, Nanda K. Thudi, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Chandrani Chattopadhyay, Zhiyong Ren, Xiaomin Chen, Zhen Lu, Robert C. Bast, Rajagopal Ramesh, John S. McMurray
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) transmits signals from IL-6 family cytokines, EGF and VEGF. Stat3 is constitutively activated in lung, head and neck, breast, and prostate cancers, AML and other malignancies, providing a target for cancer drug design. To uncouple Stat3 from its roles in proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and invasion, we are targeting its SH2 domain with phosphopeptide mimetics derived from the recognition sequence, pTyr-Leu-Pro-Gln. Molecular modeling indicated that a methyl group attached to the β-position of a pTyr mimic would enhance affinity due to hydrophobic contact. This modification increased affinity 2-3 fold in a series of peptidomimetics based on pCinn-Xxx-Yyy-Gln-NHBn (pCinn = 4-phosphorylcinnamic acid), resulting in IC50 values of 35 − 112 nM in a biochemical fluorescence polarization assay. Conversion of these to bis-pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) protected difluoromethylphosphonate prodrugs resulted in complete inhibition of the phosphorylation of Tyr705 of Stat3 at concentrations of 0.5 − 1 μM in breast, ovarian, and melanoma cells. Prodrugs were selective for Stat3 over other SH2 domain-containing proteins such as Stat1, Stat5, Src, and PI3K p85. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that prodrugs inhibited Stat3-targeted gene expression. Prodrugs were not cytotoxic to cells grown in 2D cultures on plastic dishes. However, potent inhibition of Stat3-driven processes such as vasculogenic mimicry, invasion, and anchorage independent growth in soft agar was observed. Conclusions: 1. peptidomimetic prodrugs are highly potent and selective inhibitors of Stat3; 2. cultured tumor cells do not depend on phosphorylation of Tyr705 of Stat3 for survival; 3. highly selective inhibitors of Stat3 phosphorylation are likely to be effective antitumor agents due to inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2527.
Captopril in essential hypertension; contrasting effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol.
Authors: G A MacGregor, N D Markandu, R A Banks, J Bayliss, J E Roulston, J C Jones
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Twenty-four patients with moderate to severe hypertension were treated for four weeks with captopril, an oral inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The fall in blood pressure with captopril alone correlated with pretreatment plasma renin activity. The effect of adding either hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol to the captopril treatment was then studied. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide to captopril produced a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure. At the higher dose of the diuretic this fall in blood pressure correlated with weight loss, suggesting that when the diuretic-induced compensatory rise in angiotensin II is prevented by captopril the fall in blood pressure becomes dependent on loss of sodium and water. In contrast, the addition of propranolol to captopril produced no further fall in blood pressure, suggesting that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevents the blood pressure lowering effect of propranolol. This may have implications for the mechanism whereby beta-blockers alone lower blood pressure. These contrasting effects of hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol in the presence of captopril indicate that in patients whose hypertension is not controlled by captopril alone the addition of increasing doses of diuretic is likely to control the blood pressure. The addition of a beta-blocker, however, is less likely to be effective.
BMA calls for investigation into cost of MTAS
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The National Audit Office should carry out a full independent investigation of the cost to the taxpayer of the medical training application service (MTAS), the flawed computerised system used this year to appoint junior doctors to training posts in the UK, says the BMA.

Andrew Rowland, vice chairman of the BMA's Junior Doctors Committee, says in a letter to the National Audit Office that it's not just the reported £1.9m (€2.8m; $3.9m) paid to an IT company to set up an online …
Complications of Intrauterine Devices
Authors: S. P. Nanda
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Complications of Intrauterine Devices SIR,-Intrauterine devices are being used extensively in India.I have fitted 1,500 Lippe's loops in my practice, which consists mostly of tea-garden workers.Breast feeding is the rule in this community up to two or three years.Sometimes the amenorrhoea continues into another pregnancy.In these cases it becomes very essential to select the proper time for the insertion of the "loop."An attempt is made to fit the device four to six weeks after delivery, or soon after the
Gallbladder Visualization With ln-111 Labeled Octreotide
Authors: YODPHAT KRAUSZ, NAZEEH SHIBLEY, ROLF B. J. DE JONG, SUSAN YAFFE, BENJAMIN GLASER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

ln-111 DTPA octreotide, a labeled somatostatin analog, was reported to be superior to I-123 octreotide for detection of somatostatin-receptor–bearing tumors because of longer half-life and better labeling characteristics. In addition, renal rather than hepatobiliary clearance decreases intestinal interference and greatly reduces accumulation of the tracer in the gallbladder. Using the ln-111 labeled octreotide, the authors noted distinct gallbladder visualization in one patient with an insulinoma who was studied following an overnight fast. In two additional patients scanned in the fasting state gallbladder uptake was also demonstrated. In all 3 patients, this uptake disappeared following a meal. The authors conclude that when using this imaging modality, abdominal scans should not be performed in the fasting state. Furthermore, if significant uptake is demonstrated in the gallbladder area, imaging should be repeated several hours later, following a fatty meal. Both false–positive and false–negative findings of pathologic uptake in this area will thus be avoided.
TRAIL limits excessive host immune responses in bacterial meningitis
Authors: Olaf Hoffmann, Josef Priller, Timour Prozorovski, Ulf Schulze-Topphoff, Nevena Baeva, Jan D. Lunemann, Orhan Aktas, Cordula Mahrhofer, Sarah Stricker, Frauke Zipp, Joerg R. Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Apart from potential roles in anti-tumor surveillance, the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has important regulatory functions in the host immune response. We studied antiinflammatory effects of endogenous and recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) in experimental meningitis. Following intrathecal application of pneumococcal cell wall, a TLR2 ligand, we found prolonged inflammation, augmented clinical impairment, and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus of TRAIL–/– mice. Administration of rTRAIL into the subarachnoid space of TRAIL–/– mice or reconstitution of hematopoiesis with wild-type bone marrow cells reversed these effects, suggesting an autoregulatory role of TRAIL within the infiltrating leukocyte population. Importantly, intrathecal application of rTRAIL in wild-type mice with meningitis also decreased inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, patients suffering from bacterial meningitis showed increased intrathecal synthesis of TRAIL. Our findings provide what we believe is the first evidence that TRAIL may act as a negative regulator of acute CNS inflammation. The ability of TRAIL to modify inflammatory responses and to reduce neuronal cell death in meningitis suggests that it may be used as a novel antiinflammatory agent in invasive infections.
Ga-67 Uptake Post Cesarean Section
Authors: OSCAR L. L??PEZ, EDUARDO RODRIGUEZ MAISANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Gallium-67 distribution in normal patients is well known; it is also known that the concentration in some tissues may vary according to an individual physiologic stimulus. In this report, the case of a young woman is presented who was studied 15 days after a cesarean section and showed physiologic and pathologic Ga-67 accumulation.
Genome-wide association study identifies a second prostate cancer susceptibility variant at 8q24
Authors: Julius Gudmundsson, Patrick Sulem, Andrei Manolescu, Laufey T Amundadottir, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Agnar Helgason, Thorunn Rafnar, Jon T Bergthorsson, Bjarni A Agnarsson, Adam Baker, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Kristrun R Benediktsdottir, Margret Jakobsdottir, Jianfeng Xu, Thorarinn Blondal, Jelena Kostic, Jielin Sun, Shyamali Ghosh, Simon N Stacey, Magali Mouy, Jona Saemundsdottir, Valgerdur M Backman, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Alejandro Tres, Alan W Partin, Marjo T Albers-Akkers, Javier Godino-Ivan Marcos, Patrick C Walsh, Dorine W Swinkels, Sebastian Navarrete, Sarah D Isaacs, Katja K Aben, Theresa Graif, John Cashy, Manuel Ruiz-Echarri, Kathleen E Wiley, Brian K Suarez, J Alfred Witjes, Mike Frigge, Carole Ober, Eirikur Jonsson, Gudmundur V Einarsson, Jose I Mayordomo, Lambertus A Kiemeney, William B Isaacs, William J Catalona, Rosa B Barkardottir, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Effect of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction on Dynamic Hyperinflation and Exercise in Emphysema
Authors: Nicholas S. Hopkinson, Tudor P. Toma, David M. Hansell, Peter Goldstraw, John Moxham, Duncan M. Geddes, Michael I. Polkey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Endobronchial valve placement improves pulmonary function in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its effects on exercise physiology have not been investigated. In 19 patients with a mean (SD) FEV(1) of 28.4 (11.9)% predicted, studied before and 4 weeks after unilateral valve insertion, functional residual capacity decreased from 7.1 (1.5) to 6.6 (1.7) L (p = 0.03) and diffusing capacity rose from 3.3 (1.1) to 3.7 (1.2) mmol . minute(-1) . kPa(-1) (p = 0.03). Cycle endurance time at 80% of peak workload increased from 227 (129) to 315 (195) seconds (p = 0.03). This was associated with a reduction in end-expiratory lung volume at peak exercise from 7.6 (1.6) to 7.2 (1.7) L (p = 0.03). Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, a model containing changes in transfer factor and resting inspiratory capacity explained 81% of the variation in change in exercise time (p < 0.0001). The same variables were retained if the five patients with radiologic atelectasis were excluded from analysis. In a subgroup of patients in whom invasive measurements were performed, improvement in exercise capacity was associated with a reduction in lung compliance (r(2) = 0.43; p = 0.03) and isotime esophageal pressure-time product (r(2) = 0.47; p = 0.03). Endobronchial valve placement can improve lung volumes and gas transfer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prolong exercise time by reducing dynamic hyperinflation.
HL-A Antigens—Genetic Markers of Many Diseases
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Recently, in an editorial on HL-A histocompatibility antigen and rheumatic diseases (231:283, 1975), we have indicated that HL-A27 or W27 antigens are good genetic markers of many rheumatic diseases, especially of ankylosing spondylitis. Now, new evidence has been presented indicating that HL-A antigens may be involved in genetic predisposition to other diseases. Nerup et al<sup>1</sup>examined 146 diabetic patients and found that antigens HL-A8 and W15 were found significantly more frequently in diabetics than in a group of 1,967 controls. The HL-A8 and W15 antigens were found almost exclusively in insulin-dependent diabetics. They seemed to be genetic markers for insulin-dependent diabetes. The increase of HL-A8 antigen was found mainly in juvenile diabetics; the antigen W15 was increased both in this group and in the maturity-onset diabetics, however, mainly in the insulin-dependent patients. These findings support the concept that insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes are two distinct disease entities. Svejgaard et
Acute Bacterial Myositis Caused by Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Michael T. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE CHARACTERISTICS of a newly recognized halophilic<i>Vibrio</i>were described by Hollis et al in 1976.<sup>1</sup>This organism was initially referred to as a lactose-positive<i>Vibrio</i>, but it has subsequently been given the name<i>Vibrio (Beneckea) vulnificus</i>.<sup>2</sup>Several cases of<i>V vulnificus</i>infection have been reported,<sup>3,4</sup>and Blake et al<sup>5</sup>have summarized the clinical features of these infections.<i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>infections may be manifested as localized infections of wounds exposed to seawater or as bacteremic infections possibly related to consumption of seafood. The latter infections often develop in patients with preexisting chronic liver disease, and they have a high mortality. Many of these patients also experience vesicular or bullous lesions on the extremities 24 to 72 hours after the onset of bacteremia. We describe a fatal case of primary septicemia caused by<i>V vulnificus</i>in a previously healthy man with frequent exposure to the sea. We
Decreased toxicity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils toward hepatocytes isolated from rats with acute inflammatory reaction
Authors: Philippe Mavier, Jean Rosenbaum, Anne-Marie Preaux, Ariane Mallat, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We have recently demonstrated that polymorphonuclear neutrophils were toxic to hepatocytes through a protease-mediated mechanism. Since synthesis of antiproteases is markedly increased during acute inflammatory reaction, the aim of this work was to investigate the toxicity of neutrophils against normal vs. inflammatory rat hepatocytes. Acute inflammatory reaction was induced by subcutaneous injection of turpentine 24 hr before the experiments. Hepatocytes from normal and turpentine-treated rats were isolated by collagenase digestion. They were incubated with human neutrophils stimulated by 1 mg/ml opsonized zymosan. Cytotoxicity was quantified by the percentage of alanine aminotransferase activity released by hepatocytes in culture medium after an 18-hr incubation period. By comparison to normal hepatocytes, inflammatory hepatocytes were more resistant to the toxicity of neutrophils. At a neutrophil/hepatocyte ratio of 20:1, the alanine aminotransferase activity releases were 53.7% +/- 5.4% (mean +/- 1 S.E.) and 27.4% +/- 4.8% for normal and inflammatory hepatocytes, respectively. Similarly, inflammatory hepatocytes were found to be less sensitive than normal hepatocytes to the toxic effect of purified neutrophil cathepsin G. In contrast, both types of hepatocytes exhibited the same sensitivity to H2O2 generated by a system consisting of glucose and glucose oxidase. Two arguments suggested that the resistance of inflammatory hepatocytes to protease toxicity was explained by an increased production of antiproteases by these cells: (a) when tested against cathepsin G and porcine pancreatic elastase activities, the protease inhibitory capacity of conditioned medium from inflammatory hepatocytes was higher than that of conditioned medium from normal hepatocytes; (b) conditioned medium from inflammatory hepatocytes markedly reduced the toxicity of stimulated neutrophils as that of cathepsin G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pulmonary Capillary Endothelium-Bound Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity in Humans
Authors: Stylianos E. Orfanos, David Langleben, Joseph Khoury, Robert D. Schlesinger, Leonidas Dragatakis, Charis Roussos, James W. Ryan, John D. Catravas
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Pulmonary endothelium has metabolic functions including the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting ectoenzyme (ACE). In this study, we have validated an indicator-dilution technique that provides estimations of dynamically perfused capillary surface area (DPCSA) in humans, and we have characterized pulmonary endothelial ACE in vivo. Methods and Results —In 12 adults, single-pass transpulmonary (one or both lungs) hydrolysis of the specific ACE substrate 3 H-benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro ( 3 H-BPAP) was measured and expressed as % metabolism (%M) and v=−ln(1−M). We also calculated A max /K m , an index of DPCSA. %M (70.1±3.2 vs 67.9±3.1) and v (1.29±0.14 vs 1.20±0.12) were similar in both lungs and the right lung, respectively, whereas A max /K m/ /body surface area decreased from 2460±193 to 1318±115 mL/min per square meter. Conclusions —Pulmonary endothelial ACE activity can be assessed in humans at the bedside by means of indicator-dilution techniques. Our data suggest homogeneous pulmonary capillary ACE concentrations and capillary transit times (t c ) in both human lungs, and similar t c within the normal range of cardiac index. A max /K m in the right lung is 54% of total A max /K m in both lungs, suggesting that A max /K m is a reliable and quantifiable index of DPCSA in humans.
Escitalopram Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Older Adults
Authors: Sofie Schwan
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA ON MEDIA CONTAINING VARIOUS ANILIN DYES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AN ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID BACILLI
Authors: Charles Krumwiede, Josephine S. Pratt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Several green dyes show a marked selective action for members of the typhoid-paratyphoid-colon group. This can be used for the enrichment of typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli present in feces. Forty dyes were tested with thirty strains covering all types of pathogenic bacteria. In general the dyes restrained the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect on the growth of the Gram-negative group.
Measles immunisation in developing countries
Authors: S K Obaro
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Peter Aaby and colleagues raise issues about measles immunisation in developing countries that deserve comment and further evaluation.1 Measles before the age of 9 months remains an important problem in developing countries that was understated in the paper. In densely populated urban areas of west Africa the incidence may be as high as 30%.2 In a recent unpublished study of measles antibody levels in some 350 infants in Zaria, northern Nigeria, serological susceptibility …
Mouse models of rhinovirus-induced disease and exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Nathan W Bartlett, Ross P Walton, Michael R Edwards, Juliya Aniscenko, Gaetano Caramori, Jie Zhu, Nicholas Glanville, Katherine J Choy, Patrick Jourdan, Jerome Burnet, Tobias J Tuthill, Michael S Pedrick, Michael J Hurle, Chris Plumpton, Nigel A Sharp, James N Bussell, Dallas M Swallow, Jurgen Schwarze, Bruno Guy, Jeffrey W Almond, Peter K Jeffery, Clare M Lloyd, Alberto Papi, Richard A Killington, David J Rowlands, Edward D Blair, Neil J Clarke, Sebastian L Johnston
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)