tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of Sports Medicine: Female Athletes
Authors: R Carbon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Roslyn CarbonFemale athletes now compete in virtually all the main sporting arenas of the world in which the physical differences between the sexes are largely irrelevant because women only compete against men in certain .I _ * 1W _ technique events.Social and historical influences remain the most important factors determining the participation and success of female athletes.A Chinese woman, Zhang Chan, scored a perfect 200 in the skeet (clay pigeon) shooting competition to take the gold medal and world record at the Barcelona Olympics, but will be unable to defend her title when the event is an all male contest in Atlanta in 1996.Physical differences between the sexes Women are, on average, 1O0% smaller than men in most physical i ~~~~~~~~~variables Including cardiac size, blood volume, and haemoglobin concentration.However, they carry twice the body fat of men.The net F ~~~~~~~~result is a lower total aerobic capacity of some 400/.Yet if maximal oxygen uptake is expressed as a percentage of lean body weight the difference is less than 10%.Women are capable of appreciable * Perineal examination, especially in unknown but may be related to feedback mechanisms from increased primary amenorrhoea * Pelvic examination for anatomical secretion of endorphin or cortisol, or both, in response to physical and abnormalities emotional stress levels.Altered gonadotrophin concentrations are not * Cervical smear (if indicated) may give unique to female athletes as male marathon runners have also been cellular evidence of gonadal steroid reported to have low luteinising hormone concentrations and sperm inadequacy counts.
The Obesity-Diabetes Clinic
Authors: S. K. Fineberg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A special clinic for the treatment of obesity associated with diabetes mellitus was instituted to combine the use of therapeutic doses of appetite-suppressant drugs with diet and other modalities in a long-term program. At the end of the first year, 28 of 36 patients in this clinic had lost an average of 10.3 kg. (22.7 lb.) during an average of 9.5 months of treatment. Fifteen of 19 patients were able to discontinue specific drugs for diabetes entirely. The most significant observation during treatment was the onset of clinically apparent edema in more than one-half of the group. Its correction with diuretics enabled actual scale weight to be correlated to fat loss and encouraged continued cooperation. Prolonged salt and water retention during weight reduction may be the greatest single cause of failure in the treatment of obesity.
Procedural results and late clinical outcomes after percutaneous interventions using long (≥25 mm) versus short (&lt;20 mm) stents
Authors: Ran Kornowski, Balram Bhargava, D.M.Shmuel Fuchs, Alexandra J Lansky, Lowell F Satler, Augusto D Pichard, Mun K Hong, Kenneth M Kent, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W Stone, Martin B Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and trypsin activation in pancreatitis
Authors: Craig Logsdon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disease that begins with pancreatic injury and expands to involve multiple organs. Ultimately, the systemic rather than the local effects lead to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. However, in terms of prevention it is important to understand the initiation of the disease, which likely occurs within pancreatic acinar cells. The mechanisms that initiate acute pancreatitis have been the subject of a considerable body of research and are the focus of the article by Singh et al. (1) in the current issue of the JCI. This article provides interesting new insight into pancreatic acinar cell mechanisms responsible for the premature and inappropriate activation of trypsin.
From the former Soviet Union: Maternal education seems to determine pregnancy outcomes in Russia
Authors: Andrej M Grjibovski, Lars Olov Bygren
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A tale of two Germanys Health problems in eastern Germany are clearly related to transitionEditor-The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of the end of communism in eastern Europe and in eastern Germany.As McKee and Fister point out, 1 certain constellations of epidemiological and demographic variables characterise the resultant process of political and economic transition: low or even decreasing life expectancy (especially for men) and higher prevalences of alcoholism and obesity.This has happened in the postcommunist Länder (federal states) of eastern Germany.East Germany is different from other east European countries in that its healthcare sector was not deconstructed, with periods of severe dysfunction: it simply adopted the healthcare system of West Germany.Despite this, life expectancy at birth is still lower in eastern Germany than in western Germany, although the difference had diminished at the end of the 1990s. 2 Alcoholic disease is a feature of the typical transition process.The number of people discharged from hospital with alcoholic disease was higher in eastern Germany in 1994 and 1999 than in western Germany. 3 Obesity is another transition related problem and a risk factor for many diseases. 4 The proportion of the population with obesity (body mass index > 29.9) is higher in eastern Germany than in western Germany.This difference has remained for over 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.In the medium term, the situation is set to even out.But it is remarkable that in spite of the same, well equipped (curative) health system, health care does not strongly modify mainly lifestyle linked health effects in a population that is exposed to transition after communism.For eastern Germany, the end of this transition process is in sight.
Prevention of Stroke in Older Persons With Isolated Systolic Hypertension-Reply
Authors: Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —In response to the positive results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) trial, both Drs Simon and Mann urge that only some people with isolated systolic hypertension be treated. Simon states that stroke incidence was low, hence the  health impact of treating isolated systemic hypertension is expected to be modest. The public health implications of SHEP go well beyond reduction in the incidence of stroke; 17.5% of SHEP participants in the placebo group experienced a major cardiovascular event during a mean follow-up period of only 4.5 years. This incidence was reduced to 12.2% in the active-treatment group, which means the prevention of 55 events per 1000 patients in the first 5 years of treatment. The public health impact can be estimated: since about 4 million people in the United States currently have isolated systolic hypertension, 1 the treatment used in SHEP could prevent about
Phagocytosis of Blood Cells by Splenic Macrophages in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: A. KADRI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A 43-year-old woman who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was treated successfully with high doses of prednisone and a splenectomy. Imprints from the cut surface of the spleen showed marked phagocytosis of all the cellular elements of the blood. This observation suggests that hypersplenism, in addition to vascular occlusion, may play a major role in the physiopathology of some cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Intravascular Aggregation and Adhesiveness of the Blood Elements Associated with Alimentary Lipemia and Injections of Large Molecular Substances
Authors: CHESTER F. CULLEN, ROY L. SWANK
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Observations on the intact circulation of the hamster reveal that following a meal high in fat content there occurs increased adhesiveness and aggregation of the red blood cells and sometimes clumping of the platelets, accompanied by slowing of the circulation. These changes are reversible, the circulation resuming a normal appearance with complete clearing of the lipemia. Similar circulatory changes can be produced by the injection of large molecular solutions. These circulatory alterations, when severe enough, cause pathologic changes in the blood-brain barrier. The significance of these findings and their possible relationship to multiple sclerosis and vascular thrombosis are discussed.
Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Injury With Lovastatin Use
Authors: Cindy L. Corpier, Peter H. Jones, Wadi N. Suki, Eleanor D. Lederer, Miguel A. Quinones, Shelley W. Schmidt, James B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, occurs in cardiac transplant recipients both as a preexisting condition and as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy. Lovastatin (Mevacor) has emerged as an agent that may effectively manage this condition. Few serious side effects of this drug have been observed. We describe two cardiac transplant recipients treated with lovastatin in conjunction with their other medications, including cyclosporine, who developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. Resolution of muscle damage followed discontinuation of cyclosporine and lovastatin therapy. We postulate that hepatic dysfunction secondary to cyclosporine predisposed these patients to lovastatin-induced muscle damage. Use of this drug in cardiac and other organ transplant recipients should be accompanied by close surveillance of creatine kinase, hepatic transaminases, and cyclosporine levels.
Large (greater than 4 cm) solitary pulmonary mass
Authors: M. M. Reeder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>Common</h3> Abscess Metastasis (eg, from sarcoma or Wilms tumor) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Arteriovenous malformation Cyst, fluid-filled (bronchogenic, hydatid) Granuloma (tuberculosis or fungus disease, especially cryptococcosis) Hematoma Inflammatory pseudotumor: organized pneumonia (types: fibroxanthoma, fibroma, plasma cell granuloma, sclerosing hemangioma) [Loculated interlobar or pleural fluid] Lymphoma [Mediastinal mass] Pulmonary sequestration Sarcoma or blastoma (embryoma) of lung. (Entities in brackets can be confused roentgenographically with pulmonary masses.) <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Inflammatory pseudotumor of lung.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Comment</h3> After an uneventful medical workup, thoracotomy was performed with excision of a firm 6-cm mass from the right lower lobe. The mass was discrete and separate from the adjacent compressed lung parenchyma but not truly encapsulated. The histologic pattern was pleomorphic, with an admixture of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and foamy macrophages. In discussing the differential diagnosis of a large, solitary, pulmonary mass in an asymptomatic child, only a few
Performance of Top-Ranked Heart Care Hospitals on Evidence-Based Process Measures
Authors: Scott C. Williams, Richard G. Koss, David J. Morton, Jerod M. Loeb
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Despite the increasing availability of evidence-based clinical performance measure data that compares the performances of US hospitals, the general public continues to rely on more popular resources such as the US News & World Report annual publication of "America's Best Hospitals" for information on hospital quality. This study evaluated how well hospitals ranked on the US News & World Report list of top heart and heart surgery hospitals performed on acute myocardial infarction and heart failure measures derived from American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association clinical treatment guidelines.This study identified 774 hospitals, including 41 of the US News & World Report top 50 heart and heart surgery hospitals. To compare hospitals, 10 rate-based performance measures (6 addressing processes of acute myocardial infarction care and 4 addressing heart failure care), were aggregated into a cardiovascular composite measure. As a group, the US News & World Report hospitals performed statistically better than their peers (mean, 86% versus 83%; P < 0.05). Individually, however, only 23 of the US News & World Report hospitals achieved statistically better-than-average performance compared with the population average, whereas 9 performed significantly worse (P < 0.05). One hundred sixty-seven hospitals in this study routinely implemented evidenced-based heart care > or = 90% of the time.A number of the US News & World Report top hospitals fell short in regularly applying evidenced-based care for their heart patients. At the same time, many lesser known hospitals routinely provided cardiovascular care that was consistent with nationally established guidelines.
BEE STING OF THE UVULA
Authors: C. W. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The youth with open mouth catching flies may have a serious as well as humorous aspect. The average layman rarely has more inconvenience than a revulsion of feeling if an insect happens to fly into the mouth. Occasionally insects are aspirated or swallowed, but they seldom cause distress. Usually they are the kind that fly at twilight or at night. The more aggressive insects, such as bees, wasps, hornets and yellow jackets, are successful in avoiding moving objects. A bee sting of the uvula is unusual and serious enough to warrant a report: As W. J., a man, aged 26, while riding a motorcycle, turned his head to expectorate, an insect flew into his mouth and on the impact stung. After several attempts the insect was dislodged. It proved to be an ordinary honey bee. Violent gagging and vomiting followed before he was able to reach a physician. He was
Insulin resistance is associated with liver stiffness in HIV/HCV co-infected patients
Authors: N. Merchante, A. Rivero, I. de los Santos-Gil, D. Merino, M. Marquez, M. A. Lopez-Ruz, J. Rodriguez-Bano, J. del Valle, A. Camacho, J. Sanz-Sanz, J. Macias, I. Perez-Camacho, J. Gomez-Mateos, A. Moro, J. A. Pineda
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> The factors that influence liver fibrosis progression in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) are not completely understood. It is not known if insulin resistance (IR), a condition that promotes liver fibrosis in HCV mono-infected individuals, is one of these factors. <h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate the association between IR and liver stiffness (LS). <h3>Design:</h3> Multicentre cross-sectional study. <h3>Patients:</h3> 330 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV. <h3>Methods:</h3> LS was assessed by transient elastography, which has shown a high accuracy to predict significant fibrosis in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV. The outcome variable of the study was LS. Patients with LS⩾9 kPa were considered as having significant fibrosis. IR was calculated using the HOMA method. <h3>Results:</h3> LS was ⩾9 kPa in 150 (45%) patients. HOMA correlated with LS (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, 0.37; p&lt;0.0001). The median (Q1–Q3) HOMA in patients with LS⩾9 kPa was 3.30 (2.17–5.16) while it was 2.09 (1.37–3.22) in patients with LS &lt;9 kPa (p&lt;0.0001). Ninety-six (39%) individuals with a HOMA &lt;4 and 54 (63%) with a HOMA ⩾4 showed LS⩾9 kPa (p&lt;0.0001). Analyses after excluding patients with cirrhosis yielded similar results. After multivariate analyses, age ⩾40 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 3.29; p = 0.03), CD4 cell count &lt;200 cells/ml (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.67 to 7.11; p = 0.001), hepatitis B virus co-infection (AOR, 9.25; 95% CI, 2.42 to 35.31; p = 0.001), and HOMA ⩾4 (AOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 2.70 to 10.49; p&lt;0.0001) were the independent predictors of LS⩾9 kPa. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> IR is associated with LS in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV.
Suppression of Interleukin-33 Bioactivity through Proteolysis by Apoptotic Caspases
Authors: Alexander U. Lüthi, Sean P. Cullen, Edel A. McNeela, Patrick J. Duriez, Inna S. Afonina, Clare Sheridan, Gabriela Brumatti, Rebecca C. Taylor, Kristof Kersse, Peter Vandenabeele, Ed C. Lavelle, Seamus J. Martin
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in Irish prisoners: results of a national cross sectional survey
Authors: S. Allwright
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in the prison population of the Republic of Ireland and to examine risk factors for infection. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional, anonymous, unlinked survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and provision of oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. <b>Setting:</b> Nine of the 15 prisons in the Republic of Ireland. <b>Participants:</b> 1366 prisoners, of whom 1205 (57 women) participated. In the smaller prisons all prisoners were surveyed, while in the three largest prisons one half of the population was randomly sampled. Three small prisons believed not to have a problem with injecting drug use were excluded. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, antibodies to hepatitis C virus, and antibodies to HIV. Self reported risk factor status. <b>Results:</b> Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen was 104/1193 (8.7%; 95% confidence interval 7.2% to 10.5%), to hepatitis C virus, 442/1193 (37%; 34.3% to 39.9%), and to HIV, 24/1193 (2%; 1.3% to 3%). The most important predictor of being positive for hepatitis B and hepatitis C was a history of injecting drug use. Thirty four women (60%) and 474 men (42%) reported ever injecting drugs. A fifth (104) of 501 injecting drug users reported first injecting in prison, and 347 (71%) users reported sharing needles in prison. <b>Conclusions:</b> Infection with hepatitis C secondary to use of injected drugs is endemic in Irish prisons. Better access to harm reduction strategies is needed in this environment.
Myocardial infarction triage and intervention project—Phase I: Patient characteristics and feasibility of prehospital initiation of thrombolytic therapy
Authors: W.Douglas Weaver, Mickey S. Eisenberg, Jenny S. Martin, Paul E. Litwin, Sharon M. Shaeffer, Mary T. Ho, Peter Kudenchuk, Alfred P. Hallstrom, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Michael K. Copass, J.Ward Kennedy, Leonard A. Cobb, James L. Ritchie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Accurate noninvasive quantification of stenotic aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: W A Zoghbi, K L Farmer, J G Soto, J G Nelson, M A Quinones
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Laminar flow through a conduit is equal to the mean velocity times the cross-sectional area of the orifice. Therefore, volume is equal to the time-velocity integral multiplied by the cross-sectional area. In aortic stenosis, flow in the stenotic jet is laminar and the aortic valve area should be equal to the volume of blood ejected through the valve divided by the time-velocity integral of the aortic jet velocity recorded by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. To test whether this concept can be used to accurately determine aortic valve area noninvasively by the Doppler method, 39 patients (age 35 to 82 years, mean 63) underwent pulsed Doppler combined with two-dimensional echocardiography for measurement of stroke volume at the aortic, pulmonic, and mitral anulus as well as continuous-wave Doppler recording of the aortic jet. Aortic valve area determined at cardiac catheterization by the Gorlin equation ranged between 0.4 and 2.07 cm2 (mean 0.89 +/- 0.45). Doppler-derived valve area, determined with the stroke volume value from either the aortic, pulmonic, or mitral anulus, correlated well with the area determined at cardiac catheterization (r = .95, .97, and .96, respectively). A simplified method for measuring aortic valve area derived as the cross-sectional area of the aortic anulus times peak velocity just proximal to the aortic valve divided by peak aortic jet velocity correlated well with measurements obtained at cardiac catheterization (r = .94). An excellent separation between critical and noncritical aortic stenosis was seen using either one of the Doppler methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatic interferon-stimulated genes are differentially regulated in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients with different interleukin-28B genotypes
Authors: Masao Honda, Takayoshi Shirasaki, Tetsuro Shimakami, Akito Sakai, Rika Horii, Kuniaki Arai, Tatsuya Yamashita, Yoshio Sakai, Taro Yamashita, Hikari Okada, Kazuhisa Murai, Mikiko Nakamura, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Pretreatment up-regulation of hepatic interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) has a stronger association with the treatment-resistant interleukin (IL)28B minor genotype (MI; TG/GG at rs8099917) than with the treatment-sensitive IL28B major genotype (MA; TT at rs8099917). We compared the expression of ISGs in the liver and blood of 146 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received pegylated IFN and ribavirin combination therapy. Gene expression profiles in the liver and blood of 85 patients were analyzed using an Affymetrix GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). ISG expression was correlated between the liver and blood of the MA patients, whereas no correlation was observed in the MI patients. This loss of correlation was the result of the impaired infiltration of immune cells into the liver lobules of MI patients, as demonstrated by regional gene expression analysis in liver lobules and portal areas using laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemical staining. Despite having lower levels of immune cells, hepatic ISGs were up-regulated in the liver of MI patients and they were found to be regulated by multiple factors, namely, IL28A/B, IFN-λ4, and wingless-related MMTV integration site 5A (WNT5A). Interestingly, WNT5A induced the expression of ISGs, but also increased hepatitis C virus replication by inducing the expression of the stress granule protein, GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), in the Huh-7 cell line. In the liver, the expression of WNT5A and its receptor, frizzled family receptor 5, was significantly correlated with G3BP1. Conclusions : Immune cells were lost and induced the expression of other inflammatory mediators, such as WNT5A, in the liver of IL28B minor genotype patients. This might be related to the high level of hepatic ISG expression in these patients and the treatment-resistant phenotype of the IL28B minor genotype. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:828–838)
Persistent proteinuria and dyslipidemia increase the risk of progressive chronic kidney disease in lupus erythematosus
Authors: Heather N. Reich, Dafna D. Gladman, Murray B. Urowitz, Joanne M. Bargman, Michelle A. Hladunewich, Wendy Lou, Steve C.P. Fan, Jiandong Su, Andrew M. Herzenberg, Daniel C. Cattran, Joan Wither, Carol Landolt-Marticorena, James W. Scholey, Paul R. Fortin
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
375 HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN CONCENTRATION IN HEPATITIS B/C CO-INFECTION
Authors: A. Potthoff, J. Jaroszewicz, B. Calle Serrano, R. Rauppach, K. Wursthorn, R. Flisiak, M.P. Manns, H.L. Tillmann, M. Cornberg, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
[632] IMPACT OF TARIBAVIRIN EXPOSURE ON EFFICACY, ANEMIA RATES, AND Gl SIDE EFFECTS WHEN USED WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2b FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: P. Pockros, M. Rodrigues-Torres, Y. Lurie, S. Gordon, M. Shiffman, Y. Li, B. Murphy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)