tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise in Therapy and Prevention of Type II Diabetes: Implications for Blacks
Authors: Neil Ruderman, Ara Z Apelian, Stephen H Schneider
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The rationale for the use of exercise in the treatment of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and its special implications for Blacks are reviewed herein. When performed on a regular basis, exercise may improve glycemic control and improve several risk factors for coronary heart disease including hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and hyperinsulinemia. In addition, it may be a useful adjunct to diet in producing weight loss. The metabolic benefits of exercise in part appear to be related to its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity. Benefits are short lived after discontinuing exercise. Because of problems with compliance and concurrent medical problems, many patients with type II diabetes are not good candidates for an exercise-diet program. For this reason, the optimum target population may be people at risk for type II diabetes and premature atherosclerosis. Such a population might include the offspring of patients with these disorders and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, gestational diabetes, and/or an android pattern of fat distribution. Type II diabetes is more common in Blacks than in the general population. In most instances, it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors benefited by exercise. Despite this, there are no available studies regarding the effects of regular exercise in Blacks with type II diabetes or those at risk for it.
MECHANISM OF SEIZURES INDUCED BY DI-ISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP)
Authors: WILLIAM F. BOUZARTH, HAROLD E. HIMWICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. A simple method for electrical recording from the caudate nucleus and thalamus in the rabbit was described. 2. The control tracings from the limbic cortex, motor cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus consisted of aperiodic waves with a frequency of 5-7 per second and an amplitude of 200-300 microvolts. The motor area was interrupted with short bursts of higher amplitude spikes (8-12 per second). 3. DFP was capable of evoking seizure patterns in all 4 areas, and usually in the following order: (a) thalamus, (b) caudate nucleus, (c) limbic cortex, and (d) motor cortex. 4. The motor cortex had the highest threshold and most frequently exhibited seizure waves when the other 3 areas were simultaneously engaged in hyperactivity. These facts suggested the necessity of a functional unity of the 4 cerebral areas for the participation of the motor cortex in seizures and may also explain the aura that precedes the attack. 5. Simultaneous activity between the caudate nucleus and the motor cortex suggested functional connections between these 2 areas. For the same reason the thalamus and limbic cortex appeared to have a physiologic relationship. 6. Spike and dome patterns were observed, most frequently in the thalamus. In some animals thalamic petit-mal-like patterns developed into frank grand-mal-like spikes. 7. Depression of convulsant activity without apparent shock suggests the depressant effect of acetylcholine in a concentration greater than that required for hyperactivity. This offers theoretical evidence for central transmission of acetylcholine.
Letter: Compensation for congenital defects.
Authors: L Chalker
Journal: BMJ (1976)

by two of the following three tests: standard agglutination, anti-human globulin, and com- plement fixation.Thirteen of the 19 patients were diagnosed during 1971-2 compared with five in 1973-4 and one in 1975.These findings indicate that the brucellosis eradication campaign has had considerable effect in Ayrshire.Moreover, it should convince clinicians that brucellosis is now unlikely in this area, and that they should rarely request laboratory tests for brucellosis.
Urinary Excretion of Lithium in Mania
Authors: Richard Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Efficacy of lithium therapy in mania is attested to by several investigators. Among the reports are two of double-blind studies which present evidence that the lithium ion has a pronounced influence in terminating episodes of mania.<sup>1,2</sup>The mode of action is unknown. Some investigators using lithium therapy for the treatment of mania have noted that manic patients tend to excrete a smaller percentage of a given dose of lithium than do controls. Gershon et al<sup>3</sup>noted that manic patients excreted less than 20% of lithium given in the first 24 hours of the therapy, whereas normal patients excreted between 50% to 70% in this period. The control and manic groups received different doses of lithium, however. The observation that manic patients appear to excrete relatively small amounts of lithium during the initial phase of therapy, coupled with the report that a sudden increase in the amount excreted occurs
Insulin induces calcium signals in the nucleus of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Michele A. Rodrigues, Dawidson A. Gomes, Viviane A. Andrade, Fatima M. Leite, Michael H. Nathanson
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Insulin is an hepatic mitogen that promotes liver regeneration. Actions of insulin are mediated by the insulin receptor, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase. It is currently thought that signaling via the insulin receptor occurs at the plasma membrane, where it binds to insulin. Here we report that insulin induces calcium oscillations in isolated rat hepatocytes, and that these calcium signals depend upon activation of phospholipase C and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, but not upon extracellular calcium. Furthermore, insulin-induced calcium signals occur in the nucleus, and are temporally associated with selective depletion of nuclear phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate and translocation of the insulin receptor to the nucleus. These findings suggest that the insulin receptor translocates to the nucleus to initiate nuclear, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated calcium signals in rat hepatocytes. This novel signaling mechanism may be responsible for insulin's effects on liver growth and regeneration. (Hepatology 2008.)
Notch: a mastermind of vascular morphogenesis
Authors: Leonard M. Anderson, Gary H. Gibbons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The way in which multiple cell types organize themselves into a carefully sculpted, 3D labyrinth of vessels that regulate blood flow throughout the body has been a longstanding mystery. Clinicians familiar with congenital cardiovascular disease recognize how genetic variants and modest perturbations in this complex set of spatiotemporal interactions and stochastic processes can result in life-threatening anomalies. Although the mystery is not yet fully solved, we are poised at an exciting juncture, as insights from murine disease models are converging with advances in human genetics to shed new light on puzzling clinical phenotypes of vascular disease. The study by High et al. in this issue of the JCI establishes a model system that mimics clinical features of congenital cardiovascular disease and further defines the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the neural crest as an essential determinant of cardiovascular structure (see the related article beginning on page 353).
The Cochrane Collaboration. Preparing, maintaining, and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health care
Authors: L. Bero
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WHERE SHOULD a physician look to find accurate, up-to-date information about the effectiveness of a variety of clinical interventions? At the bedside or in the office, physicians should have instantaneous, up-to-date assistance from an affordable, universally available database of systematic reviews of the best evidence from clinical trials. Unfortunately, the physician who tries to seek the best evidence is often thwarted. Textbooks and reviews are often unreliable and years out of date.<sup>1</sup>The searcher may find the MEDLINE database, surely one of the greatest achievements of US medicine, daunting and incomplete. Although well over 1 million clinical trials have been conducted, hundreds of thousands remain See also pp 1942 and 1962. unpublished or are hard to find and may be in various languages. In the unlikely event that the physician finds all the relevant trials of a treatment, these are rarely accompanied by any comprehensive systematic review attempting to
Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in normal human breast epithelial cells after treatment with pesticides, PCBs, and PBBs, alone or in mixtures.
Authors: K S Kang, M R Wilson, T Hayashi, C C Chang, J E Trosko
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Chemical pollutants in the Great Lakes have found their way through the food chain into humans because of their environmental persistence and lipophilicity. Some epidemiological studies have claimed an association between metabolites of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and breast cancer, but others have reported no such association. We examined various halogenated hydrocarbons for their capacity to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in normal human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) when given as single compounds or as mixtures. The scrape-loading/dye transfer and fluorescent redistribution after photobleaching techniques were used to measure GJIC; immunostaining and Western and Northern analyses were performed on connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction protein and message to determine how halogenated hydrocarbons might affect GJIC. DDT, dieldrin, and toxaphene inhibited GJIC in a dose-responsive manner after 90 min treatments. Dieldrin suppressed GJIC within 30 min with no recovery after 24 hr. Inhibition of GJIC by DDT and toxaphene was partially restored after 12 hr and fully restored after 24 hr. Several PCB and PBB congeners inhibited GJIC in a dose-responsive and time-dependent manner, but GJIC was almost restored to control values 24 hr after exposure. The highest concentrations of the individual chemicals that did not inhibit GJIC was determined, and mixtures containing two of these chemicals were tested for their ability to inhibit GJIC. Significant inhibition of GJIC was observed when cells were treated with a mixture of DDT and 2,4,5-hexachlorobiphenyl (2,4,5-HCB), dieldrin and 2,4,5-HCB, or dieldrin and 2,4,5-hexabromobiphenyl (2,4,5-HBB). These results indicate that halogenated hydrocarbons, alone or in specific combinations, can alter GJIC at the post-translational level. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that DDT, dieldrin, toxaphene, 2,3,4-HCB, 2,4,5-HCB, and 2,4,5-HBB could have tumor-promoting potential in human breast tissue.
Null hypothesis statistical testing and the balance between positive and negative approaches
Authors: Adam S. Goodie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Several of Krueger &amp; Funder's (K&amp;F's) suggestions may promote more balanced social cognition research, but reconsidered null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) is not one of them. Although NHST has primarily supported negative conclusions, this is simply because most conclusions have been negative. NHST can support positive, negative, and even balanced conclusions. Better NHST practices would benefit psychology, but would not alter the balance between positive and negative approaches.
Brave New World
Authors: Christopher J. White
Journal: Circulation (2013)

D r Rastan and colleagues 1 are to be congratulated for per- forming a well-designed multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing primary stenting with provisional stenting for moderate-length (≈42 mm) popliteal artery stenoses in primarily claudicators (79%) with one third having total occlusions. 1 The Endovascular Treatment of Atherosclerotic Popliteal Artery Lesions-Balloon Angioplasty Versus Primary Stenting (ETAP) trial confirms, for what seems to be the bazillionth time, that provisional stenting, properly performed, achieves functional and patency outcomes equal to those of primary stenting.This has been shown for femoral lesions in multiple trials that often included lesions extending into the popliteal artery, and now it has been shown for the isolated popliteal disease.Although not reported in this article, we would expect a cost analysis to demonstrate that provisional stenting, for appropriate indications, would be resource sparing compared with primary stenting.
Microvascular Injury in Pathogenesis of Interferon-Induced Necrosis of Subcutaneous Tumors in Mice
Authors: H. F. Dvorak, I. Gresser
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Microvascular Injury in Pathogenesis of Interferon-Induced Necrosis of Subcutaneous Tumors in Mice Get access Harold F. Dvorak, Harold F. Dvorak Beth Israel HospitalHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ion Gresser Ion Gresser * Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le CancerVillejuif Cedex, France. *Correspondence to: Dr. Ion Gresser, Laboratory of Viral Oncology,Groupe de Laboratoires de l'lnstitut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Can-cer, 7, me Guy Mocquet, B.P. 8, 94802 Villejuif Cedex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 7, 5 April 1989, Pages 497–502, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.7.497 Published: 05 April 1989 Article history Received: 06 January 1989 Accepted: 11 January 1989 Published: 05 April 1989
What is "emergency"?
Authors: E P Abson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

correction of known or suspected risk factors.There is clearly no magic formula, in my experience, which can be placed across the board and applied on a mass scale.There is, unfortunately, no alternative to the careful investigation of every patient on an individual level, correcting each risk factor presented, energetically, by the safest and most acceptable means for the patient.Clearly, the correction of hyperlipidaemia by all reasonable means must be included in any treatment programme for the prevention of atherosclerotic arterial disease.Unfortunately, all large multicentre trials that I have seen seem to fail in that they do not treat the whole patient, and for this reason grave doubt must be thrown on their validity in testing the concept of the primary prevention of arterial disease by studying one factor and seeking to match all other factors.
Using Grids To Document Laboratory Results
Authors: Anne Spaulding
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 October 1993Using Grids To Document Laboratory ResultsAnne Spaulding, MD and Fredric J. Silverblatt, MDAnne Spaulding, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Fredric J. Silverblatt, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-8-199310150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lack of uniform reporting of laboratory results can cause confusion among caregivers. At the Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, residents rotate from four hospitals in Brown University's medicine program. Residents document the latest laboratory results in slightly different formats. Knowing what result is in what space on a grid is often intuitive.In progress notes, chemistry values are placed in a grid with seven niches; complete blood counts are placed on one with four niches (Figure 1). We have seen laboratory results displayed in every possible arrangement. Glucose values are usually, but not always, shown between the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 8Page: 863KeywordsBlood sugarCaregiversComplete blood countGlucoseHematology and oncologyHospital medicineHospitalizationsHypoglycemicsPlateletsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 15 October 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Anatomico-Roentgenographic Studies of the Spine
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The author originally undertook his studies of the spine in order to coordinate the radiographic image with the anatomic structure. During the study so many anomalies appeared that it was necessary to do a review of the embryological and postnatal development. He was fortunate in having available a large number of cadavers of older individuals in which he could observe the degenerative changes in the spine, as well as serial studies on patients showing the anatomical changes incident to trauma and the further changes observed upon subsequent examination. The author reviews not only the embryological and postnatal development of the spine, but also the disturbances resultant from the abnormalities in this development. Considerable attention is given to abnormalities, developmental as well as traumatic, encountered in the cervical spine. Other chapters deal with bone textures, the intervertebral disks, spinal curvatures, the spondylitides as well as spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, and vertebral body dysplasias.
Foodborne pathogens: microbiology and molecular biology
Authors: John Besser
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2006)

In the face of such threats as avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and weaponised anthrax, the topic of foodborne pathogens may seem insignificant by comparison. Yet, foodborne and diarrhoeal diseases have remained persistently high on the list of global challenges, each year accounting for billions of cases of illnesses and more than a million deaths. In developed countries where mortality and serious sequelae are relatively low, morbidity still continues to be exceedingly high, affecting both quality of life and bottom line costs.
William Tilbury Fox and dermatological mycology
Authors: MARY P. ENGLISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article William Tilbury Fox and dermatological mycology Get access MARY P. ENGLISH MARY P. ENGLISH Mycology Laboratory, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 573–576, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14139.x Published: 01 May 1977
Outcomes in Elderly Patients After Intensive Care-Reply
Authors: Lakshmipathi Chelluri
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Dr Boland suggests use of the Mini-Mental State Examination to follow up patients in the hospital. I agree that issues related to mental status and recovery from critical illness may be important, but we did not study them. They need to be evaluated in future studies. Dr Woolley addresses issues of power of discrimination in the interpretation of a negative study. We agree that negative conclusions regarding differences in outcome require larger numbers than those to document differences. Meta-analysis of data from several studies will have to be performed, once other studies have been published, to establish our point.
Abstract 1201: Role of the chemokine CXCL12 in the estrogen response of breast cancer cells
Authors: Nahed M. Hawsawi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which CXCL12 mediates the effects of estrogen in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells. Expression microarray studies have identified CXCL12 as a gene regulated consistently by estrogen in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells in our own and other laboratories and it has been reported that CXCL12 mediates the proliferative effects of estrogen. CXCL12 activates two seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, that transducer signals via heterotrimeric G-proteins. CXCR4 has long been accepted, whereas CXCR7 was identified more recently as a potential CXCL12 receptor. Methods: Expression of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 was measured in five estrogen-responsive and five estrogen-nonresponsive breast cancer cell lines by qRT-PCR and western transfer analysis. The effects of CXCL12 on proliferation of the cells were assessed by DNA quantification and on migration in a modified Boyden chamber assay. The ability of CXCL12 to activate the downstream signalling molecules, MAPK and Akt, was measured by western transfer analysis with a phospho-specific antibodies. The motogenic responses of different breast cancer cell lines to CXCL12 were measured in modified Boyden chamber and in vitro wounding assays. The relative importance of CXCR4 in the CXCL12 response was probed with a specific inhibitor of CXCR4 receptor. Results: The expression of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 varied greatly between the ten breast cancer cell lines analyzed. CXCL12 expression was highest in estrogen-responsive T-47D cells whereas CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression was highest in estrogen-nonresponsive MDA-MB-231 cells. CXCL12 was detected after secretion into medium conditioned by T-47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CXCL12 did not stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 or T-47D cells in the absence or presence of estrogen. CXCL12 did stimulate breast cancer cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner and cells that express high concentrations of the CXCL12 receptor were more responsive to CXCL12. CXCL12 stimulated Phosphorylation of both MAPK and Akt in estrogen-responsive and non-responsive breast cancer cells. Conclusion: This study shows that CXCL12 does not mediate the proliferative effects of estrogen on breast cancer cells. CXCL12 does however stimulate the migration of both estrogen-responsive and estrogen non-responsive breast cancer cells. CXCL12 mediates it effects in breast cancer cells by activation on both the MAPK and Akt signal transduction pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1201
Extrapolation of carcinogenic risk from animal experiments in man.
Authors: L Ehrenberg, B Holmberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

When estimating the absolute risk of cancer, the shape of the dose--response curve in the region of doses where actual exposure of man occurs is of crucial importance. This shape is equally important for the determination of relative risks, as in the comparison of risks from alternative energy sources. Experimental and epidemiological studies are, for various reasons, unable to give sufficiently exact information concerning the dose response in the low dose region. Therefore, the discussion concerning dose--response relationships also has to consider biologically reasonable mechanisms for the origin of tumors.
Peanut OIT-Induced IgG Suppresses Ex Vivo Activation Of Allergic Donor Basophils Via a Combination Of Antigen Interception and Receptor-Bound Inhibition
Authors: Caitlin Burk, Michael D. Kulis, Edwin Kim, Brian P. Vickery, A. Wesley Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)