tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kickoff for AMA's new PMI program
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The American Medical Association's Patient Medication Instruction (PMI) program is being introduced to physicians this month (see Open Letter, page 1015).  Within the next few weeks, approximately 400,000 practicing physicians (MDs and DOs) will receive an introductory packet that explains the program and tells how to order instruction sheets that can be given to patients when drugs are prescribed.  Each PMI is a single sheet, 14×21.5 cm (5.5×8.5 in) in size, printed on the front and back, with easy-to-understand information about the drug class or particular drug (the generic name is used) being prescribed. They are bound in pads of 100 sheets and will be updated periodically when new information about the medication becomes available.  Physicians will pay only for postage and handling, which amount to about $.50 per 100-sheet pad, but orders must be for lots of 10 pads or more. An order form also will be available in
WHAT TO DO WITH THE WASTE WATER OF A COUNTRY HOUSE.
Authors: HARVEY B. BASHORE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

For the convenience of studying this subject, country houses are divided into three classes: 1. Those which have water service and use water closets for the disposal of excreta just as in the city. 2. Those in which the excreta are disposed of by some method of dry closet; sewers not being necessary, but some form of drain for carrying the waste waters from the kitchen sink, bath, etc. 3. Those which have no water service, no bath, etc., a condition found in by far the greater number of houses outside of the cities. In such a house a slop bowl should be put up in some convenient place, either in the house or outside, and connected with a surface or subsoil drain. In England, where much attention has been paid to the subject of draining isolated houses, the general opinion seems to be that some form of surface drain
Immunolipoplexes: An Efficient, Nonviral Alternative for Transfection of Human Dendritic Cells with Potential for Clinical Vaccination
Authors: Peng H. Tan, Sven C. Beutelspacher, Yao-He Wang, Myra O. McClure, Mary A. Ritter, Giovanna Lombardi, Andrew J.T. George
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Genetic manipulation of dendritic cells (DCs) is important in the context of using either mature DCs to immunize patients or immature DCs to induce tolerance. Here, we describe a novel method of transfecting monocyte-derived human DCs using immunolipoplexes containing anti-CD71 or anti-CD205 monoclonal Abs. This results in up to 20% transfection, which can be increased to 20-30% if the immunolipoplexes are used to transfect CD14+ monocytes prior to differentiation into DCs. Transfected DCs can be substantially enriched using a drug-selection protocol during differentiation. Unlike adenoviral transduction, this nonviral transfection does not alter the expression of costimulatory molecules or the production of proinflammatory cytokines by DCs. In addition, DC function is unaltered, as assessed by mixed lymphocyte reactions. To test the feasibility of the immunolipoplexes and selection protocol for therapeutic intervention, we transfected DCs with the immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Allogeneic T cells exposed to IDO-expressing DCs did not proliferate, secreted more IL-10 and less Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and had a higher amount of apoptosis than T cells incubated with control DCs. Furthermore the remaining T cells were rendered anergic to further stimulation by allogeneic DC. These immunolipoplexes, which can be easily and rapidly assembled, have potential for clinical immunization, in particular for tolerance induction protocols.
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for coronary arteriosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: E Okada, K Oida, H Tada, K Asazuma, K Eguchi, G Tohda, S Kosaka, S Takahashi, I Miyamori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

An increased plasma homocysteine level is an important risk factor for vascular disease, including coronary atherosclerosis, in the general population. However, the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes is unknown. Therefore, we have endeavored to determine the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and the presence of coronary arteriosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.The study group consisted of 145 Japanese patients (95 men and 50 women) who underwent routine coronary angiography to assess chest pain or suspected CAD. Plasma total homocysteine level, lipid level, and parameters of fibrinolytic activity were measured. All patients were identified as diabetic or nondiabetic by the new American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The diagnoses of all patients studied were confirmed by coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was quantified using CAD scoring on the basis of prior reports, and subjects were graded as nonstenotic, stenotic single-vessel, stenotic two-vessel, or stenotic three-vessel based on the number of stenotic coronary arteries. Patients were classified into two groups: those with stenotic vessels and those without stenotic vessels.The plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without stenotic vessels (13.8 +/- 3.9 vs. 11.7 +/- 3.9 mumol/l, respectively; P = 0.0009). The number of stenotic coronary arteries, which was used to grade each case as nonstenotic, stenotic single-vessel, stenotic two-vessel, or stenotic three-vessel, was related only to the total homocysteine level in the diabetic (diabetes mellitus [DM]) group, but it was associated with lipoprotein(a) in the nondiabetic (non-diabetes mellitus [non-DM]) group. Spearman's rank correlation test demonstrated that the plasma homocysteine level was strongly correlated with CAD score, both in the entire study group and in the DM group (P = 0.003 for the entire group and P = 0.011 for the DM group). Hyperhomocysteinemia, which was defined as total homocysteine level > 14.0 mumol/l, was seen in 57 (39.3%) of the patients. The CAD score was highest in diabetic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (P < 0.05).There seems to be a clear relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and an increased risk of coronary arteriosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
T cell responses to tuberculin purified protein derivative in primary biliary cirrhosis: evidence for defective T cell function.
Authors: D E Jones, J M Palmer, M P Leon, S J Yeaman, M F Bassendine, A G Diamond
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has an autoimmune aetiology, although little is known regarding the mechanisms of breakdown of self tolerance. One postulated mechanism of control of self tolerance is through interacting T cell subsets, a phenomenon explored in this study. AIMS: To characterise and compare T cell subset responses to an antigen (tuberculin purified protein derivative derived from mycobacteria) in PBC patients and controls. Cross reactive responses to mycobacteria have recently been implicated in the aetiology of PBC. SUBJECTS: 58 PBC patients, 25 normal controls, and 34 chronic liver disease controls. METHODS: Responses to antigen were measured in terms of primary T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (by ELISA). Responding cells were phenotyped by FACS analysis. RESULTS: Similar CD4+ T cell proliferative responses were seen in PBC patients (mean (SD) stimulation index (SI) 22.6 (27.2), 42 of 58 (72.4%) positive response), normal controls (46.5 (88.0), 17 of 25 (68%) positive), and chronic liver disease controls (24.8 (49.8), 27 of 34 (79.4%) positive)). Secretion of both interferon gamma and IL10 was significantly lower in PBC patients than controls (IFN gamma: PBC 822.7 (1100) pg/ml, controls 2929 (3402) pg/ml, p &lt; 0.05: IL10: PBC 11.1 (15.6) pg/ml, controls 34.7 (63.4) pg/ml, p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In PBC unimpaired T cell proliferation is seen with reduced secretion of both Th-1 (interferon gamma) and Th-2 type (IL10) cytokines. These findings may result from differential subset responses and may help explain the defects of functional immunity seen in PBC.
WESTERN REGIONAL COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Ward Darley
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The application of the idea of regional cooperation in higher education to the western part of this country was first suggested at the 1947 meeting of the western division of the American Public Health Association by Dr. Florence Sabin. A resolution supporting the principle of such cooperation was passed at this meeting. In December, 1948, the governors of Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado sponsored an informal discussion of the matter in Denver. One year later, the idea was officially taken up by the Western Governors' Conference,<sup>1</sup>with the result that the following statement was adopted: "It is the consensus of the Western Governors' Conference: "1. That the future of the country and of the western states is dependent upon the quality of the education of its youth; "2. That all of the states individually and alone do not have sufficient numbers of potential students to warrant the establishment
Plasmapheresis in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in children.
Authors: P Sweny, A Winning, M L Gross, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1981)

TABLE I-Pattern of disease in patients with superficial tumours No of recurrences Category of patient No followed Deaths from more than 5 years 1 1 -2 bladder cancer Patients without residual or recurrent tumour at 3 months 33 20 3 10 1 (3°o) Patients with residual or recurrent tumour at 3 months 38 0 3 35 9 (24%O)
Machines and the Physician
Authors: George D. LeMaitre
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The sentence "The specialist-physician is metamorphosing into a technocrat and a businessman" in Dr Grouse's recent editorial was very interesting. I would like to recall an experience that occurred to me in July 1964, the day I opened my practice. My dad had been a general practitioner, operating out of his house, where he maintained a threeroom office for well onto 40 years. I had rented a spanking new, very efficient suite in a big medical office complex in the more plush part of town and invited my dad to come down and see the office on "opening day." The secretary-receptionist area was typical of the modern physician's office with a "cashier's-type window" that somewhat separated the staff from the patients waiting in the waiting room. This contrasted rather remarkably with my dad's practice, which had no secretaries, no nurses, no chaperones, no receipts, no bills, and
Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Analysis during Screening: Accuracy and Reliability
Authors: Paul S. Bachorik, Teresa A. Cloey, Cheryl A. Finney, David R. Lowry, Diane M. Becker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of lipoprotein-cholesterol measurements obtained during screening. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: From November 1989 to January 1990, 154 adults were screened. Measurements: Split venous samples from fasting participants were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with screening and standardized laboratory methods. Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were calculated using the Friedewald equation. Split venous samples from nonfasting participants were analyzed for total cholesterol. Capillary blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol with the screening method. Main Results: Total cholesterol measurements in screening venous blood samples were 5.4% and 3.8% lower than the laboratory values in samples from fasting and nonfasting participants, respectively. Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol values in venous samples obtained from fasting participants were, on average, 9.8% and 11.2% lower than the respective laboratory measurements. Screening HDL-cholesterol values varied, differing from the laboratory values by as much as 40% in 95% of participants. In fasting participants, total cholesterol in capillary samples averaged 5.5% higher than in venous samples; in nonfasting participants the capillary samples were 3.1% higher. Screening for either total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol identified 93% of the persons with LDL-cholesterol values of 3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) or higher. Conclusions: Total cholesterol can be reliably measured in samples from fasting or nonfasting persons. The values in capillary blood samples were slightly higher than those in venous samples. Screening HDL-cholesterol values were too variable to establish the HDL-cholesterol level reliably. Participants with high LDL-cholesterol levels were identified as accurately by measuring total cholesterol only when compared with calculating the LDL-cholesterol level from total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations.
Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to noradrenaline and phenylephrine following experimental heart failure in dogs
Authors: C. FORSTER, S. CARTER, P. ARMSTRONG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to noradrenaline and phenylephrine following experimental heart failure in dogs Get access CHRISTINE FORSTER, CHRISTINE FORSTER From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr C Forster, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SUSAN CARTER, SUSAN CARTER From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL ARMSTRONG PAUL ARMSTRONG From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 6, June 1989, Pages 489–497, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.6.489 Published: 01 June 1989 Article history Accepted: 16 January 1989 Published: 01 June 1989
Canine Ventricular Myocytes Possess a Renin-Angiotensin System That Is Upregulated With Heart Failure
Authors: Laura Barlucchi, Annarosa Leri, David E. Dostal, Fabio Fiordaliso, Hideo Tada, Thomas H. Hintze, Jan Kajstura, Bernardo Nadal-Ginard, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Ventricular pacing leads to a dilated myopathy in which cell death and myocyte hypertrophy predominate. Because angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates myocyte growth and triggers apoptosis, we tested whether canine myocytes express the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and whether the local RAS is upregulated with heart failure. p53 modulates transcription of angiotensinogen (Aogen) and AT 1 receptors in myocytes, raising the possibility that enhanced p53 function in the decompensated heart potentiates Ang II synthesis and Ang II–mediated responses. Therefore, the presence of mRNA transcripts for Aogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, chymase, and AT 1 and AT 2 receptors was evaluated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in myocytes. Changes in the protein expression of these genes were then determined by Western blot in myocytes from control dogs and dogs affected by congestive heart failure. p53 binding to the promoter of Aogen and AT 1 receptor was also determined. Ang II in myocytes was measured by ELISA and by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Myocytes expressed mRNAs for all the constituents of RAS, and heart failure was characterized by increased p53 DNA binding to Aogen and AT 1 . Additionally, protein levels of Aogen, renin, cathepsin D, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and AT 1 were markedly increased in paced myocytes. Conversely, chymase and AT 2 proteins were not altered. Ang II quantity and labeling of myocytes increased significantly with cardiac decompensation. In conclusion, dog myocytes synthesize Ang II, and activation of p53 function with ventricular pacing upregulates the myocyte RAS and the generation and secretion of Ang II. Ang II may promote myocyte growth and death, contributing to the development of heart failure.
First evidence of long term safety of human embryonic stem cells is reported
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new study has provided the first evidence of the medium to long term safety of transplanting human embryonic stem cells in patients.

Researchers transplanted human embryonic stem cells into 18 patients with different forms of macular degeneration and reported that the procedure seemed safe for as long as three years after transplantation. The treatment restored some sight in more than half of the …
Effect of Cortisone on Reaction of Skin to Ultra-violet Light
Authors: K. A. J. Jarvinen
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Recent investigations have revealed an increasing num- ber of diseases the symptoms of which disappear or are ameliorated during the administration of cortisone in doses that are massive compared with the physiological hormone requirement.An explanation of the mechan- ism of this action has been sought in the rather basic changes produced in the organism.One of the central problems in this respect-the effects of cortisone on the reactivity of the organism when subjected to various stresses-still remains to a large degree unsolved.
482 IN VITRO COMBINATION THERAPY WITH TEGOBUVIR (GS-9190) IS HIGHLY EFFICIENT IN CURING CELLS FROM HCV REPLICON AND IN DELAYING/PREVENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE
Authors: I. Vliegen, L. Delang, J. Paeshuyse, I.-H. Shih, G. Pürstinger, S. Bondy, W.A. Lee, W. Zhong, J. Neyts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Crossing barriers in transplantation
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

In 1978, Jonathan Sprent and Robert Korngold proved that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is caused by donor T cells that attack the host's non-MHC antigens. T cell depletion of donor grafts has since become a staple of transplantation strategies to combat leukemia and other inherited blood disorders.
Effect of tilting on plasma catecholamine levels in man
Authors: D. C. FLUCK, C. SALTER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The effect on the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels of tilting normal volunteers to 30° from the horizontal was studied. Both the adrenaline and noradrenaline levels rose significantly. This rise was of a transient nature, both the adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were approaching the resting levels 25 min after tilting. Neither the pulse rate nor blood pressure was affected by tilting.
Patient reactions to long-term treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
Authors: P M Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1981)

people with this high genetic risk of renal cell carcinoma may not confer any practical therapeutic advantage as only bilateral neph- rectomy would reduce the risk to zero.However, the diagnosis of this predisposition to renal cell carcinoma could be made in the fetus by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells, thus allowing decisions to be made concerning termination of the pregnancy and elimination of this chromosomal aberration and its consequences for the pedigree.
Clinically Useful Problem Statement Systems
Authors: Steven H. Brown, Randolph A. Miller, Dario A. Giuse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 April 2000Clinically Useful Problem Statement SystemsSteven H. Brown, MS, MD, Randolph A. Miller, MD, and Dario A. Giuse, DrIngSteven H. Brown, MS, MDVanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Brown)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Miller)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Giuse)Search for more papers by this author, Randolph A. Miller, MDVanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Brown)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Miller)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Giuse)Search for more papers by this author, and Dario A. Giuse, DrIngVanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Brown)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Miller)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Giuse)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Our goal for the Canonical Clinical Problem Statement System (CCPSS) has been to create a concept-oriented problem statement terminology with clinically useful content. As such, the CCPSS can empower practitioners to describe patient problems in familiar terms that are useful, both for record keeping and transmission to others.It is possible to create classifications that “lump” several meaningful, clinically precise terms into clinically less meaningful categorizations for the purpose of billing or research. Some have claimed that such “overconsolidation” occurs within diagnostic related groups (DRGs). The CCPSS represents each distinct clinical concept culled from 891 770 real-world problem ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Brown)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Miller)Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232 (Giuse) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 7Page: 592-593KeywordsComputersComputing systemsPatients Issue Published: 4 April 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Age associated memory impairment.
Authors: J. T. O'Brien, R. Levy
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The clinical significance and neurobiological basis of normal age-related cognitive decline remains controversiaL Terms such as ‘benign senescent forgetfulness’, ‘age-associated memory impairment’ (AAMI) and, more recently, ‘age-associated cognitive decline’ have been proposed to describe memory loss in non-demented individuals as they age. This editorial considers to what extent such terms, particularly AAMI, should be accepted as clinically meaningfuL It is concluded that, in the current state of knowledge about the natural history of AAMI and similar entities, widespread treatment with pharmacotherapy is premature.