tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteomalacia and Hyperparathyroid Bone Disease in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hartmut H. Malluche, David A. Goldstein, Shaul G. Massry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Patients with nephrotic syndrome have low blood levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) most probably because of losses in urine, and a vitamin D-deficient state may ensue. The biological consequences of this phenomenon on target organs of vitamin D are not known. This study evaluates one of these target organs, the bone. Because renal failure is associated with bone disease, we studied six patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. The glomerular filtration rate was 113±2.1 (SE) ml/min; serum albumin, 2.3±27 g/dl; and proteinuria ranged between 3.5 and 14.7 g/24 h. Blood levels of 25-OH-D, total and ionized calcium and carboxy-terminal fragment of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were measured, and morphometric analysis of bone histology was made in iliac crest biopsies obtained after double tetracycline labeling. Blood 25-OH-D was low in all patients (3.2-5.1 ng/ml; normal, 21.8±2.3 ng/ml). Blood levels of both total (8.1±0.12 mg/dl) and ionized (3.8±0.21 mg/dl) calcium were lower than normal and three patients had true hypocalcemia. Blood immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone levels were elevated in all. Volumetric density of osteoid was significantly increased in three out of six patients and the fraction of mineralizing osteoid seams was decreased in all. Evidence for an increase in active lacunae (bone-osteoclast interface) occurred in three out of six patients and in inactive (Howship's lacunae) bone resorption in six out of six. The data indicate that the loss of 25-OH-D in urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function may result in a decrease of blood levels of ionized calcium, secondary hyperparathyroidism and enhanced bone resorption. In addition, the vitamin D-deficient state causes osteomalacia as evidenced by defective mineralization and increased osteoid volume.
Evaluation of the relation between interstitial cells of cajal (CD117) and serotonin receptor (5HT-3A) with postfundoplication dysphagia
Authors: Cansu Unden Ozcan, Omer Yilmaz, Deniz Ersayin Gurer, Semin Ayhan, Can Taneli, Abdulkadir Genc
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Acute GVHD in patients receiving IL-15/4-1BBL activated NK cells following T-cell–depleted stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nirali N. Shah, Kristin Baird, Cynthia P. Delbrook, Thomas A. Fleisher, Mark E. Kohler, Shakuntala Rampertaap, Kimberly Lemberg, Carolyn K. Hurley, David E. Kleiner, Melinda S. Merchant, Stefania Pittaluga, Marianna Sabatino, David F. Stroncek, Alan S. Wayne, Hua Zhang, Terry J. Fry, Crystal L. Mackall
Journal: Blood (2014)
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Timothy J. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ethanol has long been recognized as a toxic agent that has acute and chronic effects on cerebral and hepatic function. Over the past two decades important influences on the cardiovascular system have been either rediscovered or observed for the first time. The combined use of tobacco cigarettes and alcohol appears to increase the risk of many of these clinical abnormalities. While many individuals addicted to ethanol have subclinical abnormalities of the heart, somewhat less than a majority develop symptomatic cardiac problems. These include heart failure and arrhythmias. In addition to supraventricular arrhythmias that often normalize spontaneously, there is an increased incidence of sudden death that peaks at about 50 years of age in the alcoholic population. A significant degree of blood pressure elevation occurs in individuals who abuse alcohol. This appears to be transient and is normalized in most individuals during abstinence. The increased incidence of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke in middle age also appears to decline when alcohol abuse is interrupted. A preventive effect of mild to moderate drinking on coronary artery disease is, at present, equivocal, largely due to the question of appropriate controls. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:377-381)
Cholesterol, Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids in Health and in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: MENARD M. GERTLER, STANLEY MARION GARN, HOWARD B. SPRAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Employing the Sheldon method of physique classification, it has been shown that a definite relationship exists between the various physiques and the level of lipids in the serum of a coronary disease group and a control group. Positive correlations existed between endomorphy and serum lipids, negative correlations existed between ectomorphy and serum lipids. There were negligible correlations between mesomorphy and the serum lipids. Intragroup comparison in the coronary disease patients showed that the general trend of endomorph-ectomorph differences continued, but that the lipid values in coronary mesomorphs were higher than in the coronary endomorphs.
Serological screening suggests that adult coeliac disease is underdiagnosed in the UK and increases the incidence by up to 12%.
Authors: D J Unsworth, D L Brown
Journal: Gut (1994)

Because coeliac disease often presents atypically it is underdiagnosed. It is suggested that the detection rate may be increased by 12% if serology is used to identify cases of occult enteropathy. All adults noted incidentally to be R1 anti-reticulin antibody (ARA) positive in the course of routine autoantibody testing of 6532 sera over one year were followed. None of the eight patients with seropositive serum was suspected of having coeliac disease. All eight had high titres of IgA anti-gliadin and IgA anti-endomysial antibodies, neither of which is detected in a routine autoantibody test, in addition to IgA R1-ARA. On clinical review coeliac disease was considered probable in only one patient, but because of the strong serological evidence of gluten sensitivity, jejunal biopsy was advised in all eight. Seven agreed and all had villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in keeping with coeliac disease. Six of the seven presented initially with vague symptoms such as tiredness or arthralgia. These symptoms disappeared after several weeks of gluten withdrawal. Forty two sera showing reticulin staining patterns other than R1 were used as controls. Low titre IgA anti-gliadin was noted in two of 42 but none had IgA anti-endomysial antibody. These 42 cases were not recommended for biopsy. During our study 58 other new adult cases of coeliac disease were diagnosed, primarily on clinical rather than serological grounds, at the four hospitals that request autoantibody studies. Occult coeliac disease detected serologically thus increased the overall incidence of coeliac disease by 12% from 58 to 65 cases. R1-ARA, even in the absence of the expected symptoms and signs of coeliac disease, is an indication for jejunal biopsy and is a reliable indicator of occult coeliac disease.
Magnesium Sulfate Enema in a Newborn
Authors: Eugene W. Outerbridge
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Fatal systemic magnesium intoxication followed the administration of a magnesium sulfate enema for the therapy of presumed hyaline membrane disease in a newborn infant. Despite antemortem recognition of its occurrence and attempted therapy with an exchange transfusion, the infant died. Coupled with a lack of any demonstrable efficacy of this therapy for hyaline membrane disease, the toxicity is such as to prohibit its further use.
Oliguric Renal Failure of Surgical Origin
Authors: R. Shackman, M. D. Milne, N. W. Struthers
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICA JoURNAL 1473 task to make clear that the protection afforded by barrier creams is questionable, and that it has not yet been scientifically substantiated; we should demand that the experts employed by manufacturers publish the evidence on which their views are based in such a form and in such detail that it can be critically assessed; and we should insist that the formulae of these products are made known.The claims of those who make and sell these preparations are specious and their literature voluminous, but I have shared Porter's experience that these firms yield little information when one seeks the precise evidence on which their claims are based, and when one tries to find out the composition of their products.I am not saying that all barrier creams are completely useless; only that we do not know and at present have no means of knowing.If this conclusion is correct, then no employer should be blamed or held negligent for failing to provide them.The present unsatisfactory situation is partly our fault, and we should reconsider our position.First, we should actively advocate the use of barrier cream only when we know that the proof of its value is soundly based (at the present time I suggest this means never); anything short of this should be regarded as an experiment and should be planned accordingly.Second, we should adhere to the general principle that we cannot recommend the use of an application whose exact composition is not made known to us.At the present time proprietary barrier creams are secret remedies.
Pharmacological Stabilization of Commd1 Mediated by CIGB-552 Regulates NF-KB/Oxidative Stress Signaling and Inhibits Lung Cancer Cells Growth
Authors: B.M. Oliva, J.R. Fernández, Y. Tejeda, S. Astrada, H.E. Garay, O. Reyes, L. Delgado, M. Bollati-Fogolín, M.G. Vallespí
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Effects of enhanced conventional therapy on metabolic control in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: D. Daneman, L. H. Epstein, L. Siminerio, S. Beck, G. Farkas, J. Figueroa, D. J. Becker, A. L. Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

We implemented a three-phase, 32-wk program to improve both self-regulation of adherence behaviors and insulin delivery in children with diabetes. Twenty children, aged 8-12 yr (mean duration 3.6 yr), enrolled. Phase 1 (wk 1-12) used behavior modification to improve diet, exercise, urine testing, and insulin adjustment, targeting an increased percentage negative urines. Feedback training and parent checks were used to improve reliability; adherence was measured using Clinitest placebos. Phase 2 (wk 13-20) was a stabilization period. Phase 3 (wk 21-32) studied the effect of insulin dose adjustment, comparing once-versus twice-daily shots in 10 pairs of children matched for %GHb. GHb, fasting plasma glucose, and lipids were measured at baseline and at the end of each phase. Results revealed a significant and sustained increase in negative urine tests, but no change in % GHb or FBG. Reliability of and adherence to urine tests were 83% and 76%, respectively. During phase 3, no significant differences were noted between groups receiving once- or twice-daily insulin injections. Thus, behavior modification resulted in increased reliability and adherence to routines, associated with a reliable increase in negative urines. This did not, however, produce changes in other control measures. Furthermore, no differences between those receiving 1 or 2 daily shots were evident.
Relationship of Chronic Ulcerative Esophagitis to Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: NICHOLAS L. CHRISTOPHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Five patients dying with ulcerative colitis were found to have chronic ulcerative esophagitis. The incidence of this type of esophageal inflammation appears to be higher in patients with ulcerative colitis than in other chronically and seriously ill patients or in individuals dying suddenly without a history of chronic illness. In three subjects there was a relationship between esophageal symptoms and the onset of mucocutaneous lesions commonly associated with ulcerative colitis. It is suggested that this esophageal lesion may represent an additional extracolonic manifestation of ulcerative colitis.
An unusual case of Gardnerella vaginalis septicaemia.
Authors: J A Wilson, A J Barratt
Journal: BMJ (1986)

stools were managed conservatively and had no sequelae.Only one serious complication occurred in this group, when the battery lodged in a Meckel's diverticulum, causing liquefaction necrosis and perforation.This patient underwent laparotomy and survived.On the basis ofthis information and our own experience we make the three following recommendations.Firstly, with few exceptions, ingestion of button batteries should be treated by observation alone.The obvious and important exception is when the battery is lodged in the oesophagus: this must always be treated as an emergency as oesophageal damage may occur within a few hours.Secondly, a chest radiograph should be obtained, especially if the battery is greater than 15 mm in diameter, as its size is the most important factor in determining whether it will pass beyond the oesophagus.Finally, if a battery that has gone beyond the oesophagus has split symptoms of mercury poisoning may occur and mercury concentrations should be measured.
Analyses of hepatocellular proliferation in a mouse model of α-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: David A. Rudnick, Yunjun Liao, Jae-Koo An, Louis J. Muglia, David H. Perlmutter, Jeffrey H. Teckman
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

α-1-Antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency is the most common cause of metabolic pediatric liver disease. Hepatocellular injury is caused by toxicity of the mutant α-1-antitrypsin Z (α1-ATZ) molecule retained within hepatocytes. In these studies, we used the PiZ transgenic mouse model of α1-AT deficiency to examine hepatocellular proliferation in response to chronic liver injury resulting from this metabolic disease. The results showed increased hepatocellular proliferation and caspase 9 activation in male PiZ mice compared with female PiZ and wild-type mice. Hepatic α1-AT mRNA and protein expression also were increased in male PiZ mice, suggesting that greater hepatocellular proliferation and caspase activation in males results from increased hepatotoxicity associated with greater intracellular α1-ATZ accumulation. Testosterone treatment of female PiZ mice increased α1-ATZ expression and hepatocellular proliferation to a level comparable with that in males. In PiZ mice, hepatocytes devoid of intracellular α1-AT globules had a proliferative advantage compared with globule-containing hepatocytes. However, this advantage is relative because both globule-containing and globule-devoid hepatocytes exhibited comparable proliferation after partial hepatectomy. In conclusion, these data indicate that intracellular retention of mutant α1-ATZ is associated with a regenerative stimulus leading to increased hepatocellular proliferation, that gender-specific signals influence the degree of α1-AT expression and associated hepatic injury, and that hepatocytes devoid of α1-ATZ have a proliferative advantage over cells that accumulate the mutant protein. This selective proliferation suggests that hepatocellular transplantation may be applicable for treatment of this and other slowly progressive metabolic liver diseases (Hepatology 2004;39:1048-1055.)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Keiichi Goshi, Leighton E. Cluff, Joseph E. Johnson, C. Richard Conti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Studies have been described in which the effect of early and late or established inflammation, upon staphylococcus infection of rabbit skin has been evaluated. Inflammation was produced in skin by thermal, chemical, bacterial and immunological injury, and it was found that the area of inflammation was more susceptible to staphylococcus infection than was normal skin if the bacteria were injected within 2 to 3 days after the injury. When staphylococci were injected into an area of inflammation of over 3 days' duration, there appeared to be an increase in local resistance to infection. The way in which inflammation was produced seemed to have a little influence upon the effects observed. This influence of non-specific inflammation upon staphylococcus infection was compared with the influence of specific bacterial hypersensitivity, which also is associated with an increase in infectivity of the microorganism in sensitized animals. It was concluded that specific bacterial hypersensitivity probably increases susceptibility to infection with the staphylococcus in the same way as non-specific inflammation. The general significance of non-specific inflammation upon infection is also discussed.
Fitzpatrick Skin Type, Individual Typology Angle, and Melanin Index in an African Population
Authors: Marcus Wilkes, Caradee Y. Wright, Johan L. du Plessis, Anthony Reeder
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

This comparison of skin type classifications finds a strong correlation between melanin index values of greater than 750 and Fitzpatrick skin type VI in a population of patients at a South African research center.
Clinical correlates of plantar pressure among diabetic veterans.
Authors: J H Ahroni, E J Boyko, R C Forsberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between diabetes characteristics, medical history, foot deformity, sensory neuropathy, and plantar foot pressure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 517 subjects from a cohort of diabetic veterans enrolled in a prospective study of risk factors for foot complications who contributed 1,017 limbs for study. We interviewed subjects to collect data on demographics, diabetes characteristics, and medical history. A research nurse practitioner performed a directed physical exam of the lower extremities, assessing foot deformities and including quantitative sensory testing with a 5.07 monofilament. In-shoe foot-pressure measurements were obtained with F-scan insoles on subjects wearing their own footwear while walking 10 m at their usual pace. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, significant associations were seen between at least one measure of plantar pressure and body mass, sex, race, age, insulin use, certain foot deformities, plantar callus, and sensory neuropathy. Diabetes duration, HbA1c, and history of foot ulcer or amputation were unrelated to plantar pressure. In multiple regression analyses, body mass measured as log (weight), insulin use, white race, male sex, plantar callus, and diabetes duration were significantly related to certain pressures. Foot deformities were related primarily to forefoot pressures. With high pressure at two or more sites defined as the outcome, only body mass remained statistically significant as a predictor of this outcome in a backwards elimination logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: High in-shoe plantar pressure in diabetic subjects can be predicted in part from readily available clinical characteristics. The mechanisms by which these characteristics may be related to plantar pressure require further study.
Hypofibrinolysis in patients with hypercoagulability: The roles of urokinase and of plasminogen activator inhibitor
Authors: Herbert K. F. Lau, Jerome M. Teitel, To Cheung, Sam K. P. Kung, M. Bernadette Garvey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The prevalence of abnormalities of fibrinolysis in patients with venous thromboembolism is as yet unknown. Defined abnormalities include congenital dysfunction and deficiency of plasminogen, and probably impaired plasminogen activation secondary to elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) or to impaired release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In this preliminary study, we analyzed plasma samples from 21 patients for whom an investigation for possible thrombophilia was requested. Twenty of the patients had venous thromboembolism, and one had arterial thrombosis at an early age. Two patients had deficiency of protein C or protein S, but no other recognized biochemical disturbances related to thrombophilia were identified. Patient samples and plasma from 25 normal controls were assayed for tPA activity, PAI‐1 activity, and urokinase (uPA) activity and antigen. tPA activity and antigen were not significantly different in patients than in controls. PAI‐1 activity was significantly greater in patients ( P &lt; 0.0001). uPA activity was not different in the two groups. However, uPA antigen was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls ( P = 0.001). These data suggest that hypofibrinolysis leading to a risk of thrombosis may be caused not only by elevated PAI‐1 activity but also by reduced total uPA concentration. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Donor natural killer cell allorecognition of missing self in haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: challenging its predictive value.
Authors: Loredana Ruggeri, Antonella Mancusi, Marusca Capanni, Elena Urbani, Alessandra Carotti, Teresa Aloisi, Martin Stern, Daniela Pende, Katia Perruccio, Emanuela Burchielli, Fabiana Topini, Erika Bianchi, Franco Aversa, Massimo F. Martelli, Andrea Velardi
Journal: Blood (2007)
Running and swimming world records.
Authors: P. Jokl, E. Jokl
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

Analyses of current world records (Table I) show that the decline of speed with distance is greater in running than in swimming.Figs. 1 and2 indicate the magnitude of the decline expressed for each world record (WR) as percentage of velocity of the 100 m speed.'In terms of their duration, the 1,500 m running and the 400 m free style swimming events are comparable: Within less than 4 minutes runners lose about 30% velocity, swimmers only 10%;2 within about 1/4 of an hour runners lose 37% (see Putteman's 5000 m WR), swimmers only 17% (see Goodell's 1500 m WR).
Participation in leanness sports but not training volume is associated with menstrual dysfunction: a national survey of 1276 elite athletes and controls
Authors: M K Torstveit, J Sundgot-Borgen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Objective: To examine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in the total population of Norwegian elite female athletes and national representative controls in the same age group. Methods: A detailed questionnaire that included questions on training and/or physical activity patterns, menstrual, dietary, and weight history, oral contraceptive use, and eating disorder inventory subtests was administered to all elite female athletes representing the country at the junior or senior level (aged 13–39 years, n = 938) and national representative controls in the same age group (n = 900). After exclusion, a total of 669 athletes (88.3%) and 607 controls (70.2%) completed the questionnaire satisfactorily. Results: Age at menarche was significantly (p&lt;0.001) later in athletes (13.4 (1.4) years) than in controls (13.0 (1.3) years), and differed among sport groups. A higher percentage of athletes (7.3%) than controls (2.0%) reported a history of primary amenorrhoea (p&lt;0.001). A similar percentage of athletes (16.5%) and controls (15.2%) reported present menstrual dysfunction, but a higher percentage of athletes competing in leanness sports reported present menstrual dysfunction (24.8%) than athletes competing in non-leanness sports (13.1%) (p&lt;0.01) and controls (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: These novel data include virtually all eligible elite athletes, and thus substantially extend previous studies. Age at menarche occurred later and the prevalence of primary amenorrhoea was higher in elite athletes than in controls. A higher percentage of athletes competing in sports that emphasise thinness and/or a specific weight reported present menstrual dysfunction than athletes competing in sports focusing less on such factors and controls. On the basis of a comparison with a previous study, the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction was lower in 2003 than in 1993.