tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lean Body Mass, Fat Mass, Blood Pressure, and Sexual Maturation on Left Ventricular Mass in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stephen R. Daniels, Thomas R. Kimball, John A. Morrison, Philip Khoury, Sandra Witt, Richard A. Meyer
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy has been established as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is clear that left ventricular mass increases during childhood and adolescence with body growth. The extent to which other factors, such as obesity, stage of sexual maturation, and level of blood pressure, determine left ventricular mass has been controversial. Methods and Results The study was a cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship of left ventricular mass determined by echocardiography with lean body mass and fat mass determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which is the most valid and reliable method for determination of body composition in children and adolescents. The relationship of left ventricular mass with the stage of sexual maturation and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also evaluated. Two hundred one subjects (105 boys, 96 girls; 103 white and 98 black) 6 to 17 years old were studied. Age ( r =.72), height ( r =.81), weight ( r =.84), body surface area ( r =.87), sexual maturation ( r =.75), lean body mass ( r =.86), fat mass ( r =.54), systolic BP ( r =.58), and diastolic BP ( r =.48) were all univariate correlates of left ventricular mass. In a multiple regression analysis, only lean body mass, fat mass, and systolic blood pressure were statistically significant independent correlates of left ventricular mass. Lean body mass alone explained 75% of the variance of left ventricular mass, whereas fat mass and systolic blood pressure explained only 1.5% and 0.5% of the variance, respectively. Lean body mass was the strongest determinant of left ventricular mass in all four race-sex groups. Conclusions This study provides an opportunity to separate the effects on left ventricular mass of lean body mass resulting from linear growth from those of fat mass resulting from obesity. Lean body mass, fat mass, and systolic blood pressure all have a statistically significant independent association with left ventricular mass, suggesting that all three play an important biological role in determining left ventricular mass. However, fat mass and systolic blood pressure have only a small impact on left ventricular mass. This indicates that fat mass and blood pressure would be expected to be of only minor clinical importance in determining left ventricular mass in normal children and adolescents.
CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST.TEN YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH MY METHOD OF RADICAL OPERATION.
Authors: WILLY MEYER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

On November 12th, 1894, I read a paper<sup>1</sup>before the section on surgery of the New York Academy of Medicine, entitled: "An Improved Method of Radical Operation for Carcinoma of the Breast." This paper— announced to the chairman of the section Oct. 10, 1894 —gave a report of but one case operated on by the new procedure, (on Sept. 19, 1894), while the operation itself was briefly but fully described. The chief points were that the cancerous breast together with the underlying pectorales muscles as well as axillary glands and surrounding fat, were removed<i>in one mass</i>, and that the blood vessels were primarily ligated at their origin. The incision I used at that time began about one inch below the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle onto the humerus, traversed the axilla, surrounded the breast at its base and ended over the sternum, somewhat beyond the middle line of
The Stimulus to Hypertrophy of the Myocardium
Authors: HENRY S. BADEER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Opinion is still divided concerning the fundamental nature of the stimulus to myocardial hypertrophy in various clinical and experimental conditions. Some of the current hypotheses, such as nutritional deficiency of the myocardium, excessive hormonal secretion, increased external work, myocardial dilatation, and increased myocardial energy expenditure were discussed, and an attempt was made to identify a unifying concept. The hypothesis that chronic increase in myocardial metabolic rate per beat per unit mass of tissue constitutes the stimulus was favored most on the grounds that it was more inclusive than any other in explaining hypertrophy. This view was far from proved, however, and deserves serious attention and experimental verification by future investigators in this field.
SOME RECENT CONCLUSIONS ON ABDOMINAL ROENTGEN-RAY WORK
Authors: ANTHONY BASSLER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

At present the Roentgen-ray bismuth method of diagnosing conditions of the alimentary canal is generally utilized. Since the work of Holzknecht was advanced, roentgenologists, and following them, surgeons and internists, have been accepting various reports as diagnostic. During the present winter I have checked up my Roentgen-ray findings with those of the laboratory and those noted at operation, and a few of the facts of the Roentgen-ray method of examination alone seem worthy of presentation. After a trial with several methods, I find that plugging the cardia so as to retain the bismuth in the esophagus and then making stereoscopic plates of the esophagus while the patient is in the standing position is the best means of diagnosing new growth of the esophagus before marked stenosis exists. This is true of studies of the gullet itself and also of extra-esophageal conditions. The second method that answered to good purpose was
Abstract P5-09-13: HDAC inhibition re-sensitizes acquired hormone resistant cells to the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen
Authors: P Raha, S Thomas, KT Thurn, S Chen, PN Munster
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer still continues to be a major cause of cancer related deaths in women, second only to lung cancer. Administering anti-estrogens and aromatase inhibitors, both in the adjuvant and metastatic settings, in estrogen receptor (ER) positive disease, is one of the most effective treatment strategies. However, prolonged exposure to these drugs leads to the emergence of resistance in about 40% of those who initially respond. Hence, the emphasis of a multitude of studies is to understand the underlying mechanisms of this acquired resistance and implementing means to overcome it. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic modulation of gene expression in the development of resistance to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. A clinical trial conducted by our group has demonstrated the efficacy of combining the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat with tamoxifen in patients who had progressed on prior anti-estrogen therapies and showed a total 40% clinical benefit (19% objective response and 21% stable disease for more than 6 months). In an effort to identify patients most likely to benefit from this novel therapy, we sought to elucidate the mechanism behind the clinical efficacy of this combination. To this end, we have generated an in vitro tamoxifen resistant cell line (TAMR) by long-term exposure of MCF7 cells to 4-hydroxy tamoxifen. Significantly reduced anti-proliferative effect of tamoxifen and other anti-estrogens in TAMR compared to the sensitive MCF7 cells demonstrates the establishment of resistance to anti-estrogens in this cell line. In TAMR cells, addition of an HDAC inhibitor reverts resistance to tamoxifen. Although estrogen receptor (ER) expression in TAMR cells appears unaltered, the classical genomic signaling of ER in these resistant cells is suppressed and unresponsive to ligands, as deduced from transcription of ER response genes and luciferase assay of an ERE-luciferase construct. However, the ER remains important, since siRNA mediated depletion of ER inhibits cell growth in TAMR cells. Treatment with the dual EGFR/Her2 kinase inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor significantly inhibits the growth of these cells only when combined with tamoxifen, indicating the importance of crosstalk between pathways. Furthermore, Akt and mTOR protein and activities are down regulated by HDAC inhibition, which are further reduced when combined with tamoxifen. SiRNA mediated depletion of ER leads to reduced Akt and mTOR activities which suggests that ER may act as a driver, possibly through its non-genomic function at the plasma membrane activating members of the growth factor signaling pathways. Studies are ongoing to further characterize the interaction of HDAC and ER inhibition on these signaling pathways and to determine their significance to resistance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-09-13.
Scientific English: A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals
Authors: Alfred Yankauer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<b>Good Style: Writing for Science and Technology</b>, by John Kirkman, 221 pp, paper $15.95, ISBN 0-419-17190-8, London, England, E &amp; FN Spon, 1992. <b>Writing Successfully in Science</b>, by Maeve O'Connor, 229 pp, with illus, $49.95, ISBN 0-04-445805-3, paper $14.95, ISBN 0-04-445806-1, New York, NY, Routledge Chapman &amp; Hall, 1991. More than a century ago, Dr John Shaw Billings, the polymathic founder of the National Library of Medicine and Index Medicus, laid down four rules for the aspiring author of a scientific article: Have something to say. Say it. Stop as soon as you have said it. Give the paper a proper title.<sup>1</sup> It would be hard to improve on these four precepts, but the publishing industry, perhaps reflecting its own "publish or perish" maxim, seems determined to do so. Today's aspiring author has a wealth of literature to choose from (or should that be from which to choose?). Three books
Use of hair dyes by patients with breast cancer: a case-control study.
Authors: L J Kinlen, R Harris, A Garrod, K Rodriguez
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The recent finding that many permanent and semipermanent hair dyes are strongly mutagenic in a laboratory test, together with the fact that single female hair-dressers had higher than expected death rates from breast-cancer in 1959-63, prompted a study into the use of hair dyes by patients with breast cancer and by matched controls. There was no difference between the patients and their controls in their use of hair dyes. There were also no significant differences between the two groups when the analysis was confinedto women who had used dyes over four years and over nine years before diagnosis. The only significant findings were a higher proportion of past or present smokers among women aged over 50 who used hair dyes and an association between hair dyes use and age at first pregnancy. Further epidemiological studies are clearly needed in view of the mutagenicity found in the Ames test, and the fact th & several human carcinogens are also mutagenic according to this test.
Commentary: Condition is often overlooked
Authors: G. J Molderings
Journal: BMJ (2009)

This report of hypotensive shock as the initial sign of systemic mastocytosis brings attention to an important but underestimated disease. Although systemic mast cell activation syndrome, a variant form of systemic mastocytosis, is probably common in daily practice (for example, it seems to be linked to certain forms of irritable bowel syndrome1), this differential diagnosis is seldom considered. As in the …
Four‐agent induction/consolidation therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An Indian experience
Authors: S. H. Advani, R. S. Lyer, S. K. Pai, R. Gopal, T. K. Saikia, C. N. Nair, P. A. Kurkure, K. S. Nadkarni, V. R. Pai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

During 1984-1986, a total of 128 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with an induction-consolidation regimen consisting of doxorubicin, vincristine, cytosine-arabinoside, and prednisolone. One hundred two (80%) patients belonged to high-risk group. The complete remission rate for all the patients was 91%. The event-free survival at 5 years was 32.0% +/- 23%. On multivariate analysis the event-free survival and disease-free survival was not altered by age, sex, WBC count, platelet count, LDH level, and surface phenotype. Infection due to prolonged marrow aplasia was a common complication, leading to mortality of 8 patients during induction and 33 patients during first remission. The relapse rate has been 36% (42 patients). The predominance of high-risk ALL in the Indian population underscores the need for intensive therapy. Improved supportive care during induction and remission seems essential to decrease therapy-related mortality, leading to improved survival.
Cancer Statistics, 2004
Authors: A. Jemal, R. C. Tiwari, T. Murray, A. Ghafoor, A. Samuels, E. Ward, E. J. Feuer, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and mortality rates are age standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,368,030 new cancer cases and 563,700 deaths are expected in the United States in 2004. Incidence rates stabilized among men from 1995 through 2000 but continued to increase among females by 0.4% per year from 1987 through 2000. Mortality rates have decreased by 1.5% per year since 1992 among men, but have stabilized from 1998 through 2000 among women. Cancer death rates continued to decrease from the three major cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and from female breast and colorectal cancers in women. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African-American men and women have 40% and 20% higher death rates from all cancers combined compared with White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers than do Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden from cancer can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge into practice among all segments of the population.
Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil as Adjuvant Therapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Christopher J. Poole, Helena M. Earl, Louise Hiller, Janet A. Dunn, Sarah Bathers, Robert J. Grieve, David A. Spooner, Rajiv K. Agrawal, Indrajit N. Fernando, A. Murray Brunt, Susan M. O'Reilly, S. Michael Crawford, Daniel W. Rea, Peter Simmonds, Janine L. Mansi, Andrew Stanley, Peter Harvey, Karen McAdam, Liz Foster, Robert C.F. Leonard, Christopher J. Twelves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The National Epirubicin Adjuvant Trial (NEAT) and the BR9601 trial examined the efficacy of anthracyclines in the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer.In NEAT, we compared four cycles of epirubicin followed by four cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) with six cycles of CMF alone. In the BR9601 trial, we compared four cycles of epirubicin followed by four cycles of CMF, with eight cycles of CMF alone every 3 weeks. The primary end points were relapse-free and overall survival. The secondary end points were adverse effects, dose intensity, and quality of life.The two trials included 2391 women with early breast cancer; the median follow-up was 48 months. Relapse-free and overall survival rates were significantly higher in the epirubicin-CMF groups than in the CMF-alone groups (2-year relapse-free survival, 91% vs. 85%; 5-year relapse-free survival, 76% vs. 69%; 2-year overall survival, 95% vs. 92%; 5-year overall survival, 82% vs. 75%; P<0.001 by the log-rank test for all comparisons). Hazard ratios for relapse (or death without relapse) (0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.82; P<0.001) and death from any cause (0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.82; P<0.001) favored epirubicin plus CMF over CMF alone. Independent prognostic factors were nodal status, tumor grade, tumor size, and estrogen-receptor status (P<0.001 for all four factors) and the presence or absence of vascular or lymphatic invasion (P=0.01). These factors did not significantly interact with the effect of epirubicin plus CMF. The overall incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher with epirubicin plus CMF than with CMF alone but did not significantly affect the delivered-dose intensity or the quality of life.Epirubicin plus CMF is superior to CMF alone as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003577 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Mesalazine induced exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: K C Kapur, G T Williams, M C Allison
Journal: Gut (1995)

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds occasionally exacerbate diarrhoea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This is thought to be due to a secretory mechanism in most cases. A patient with presumed intolerance to sulphasalazine and 5-ASA preparations who developed endoscopic and histological evidence of disease relapse after a rectal challenge with mesalazine is reported.
Abstract 299: Circulating microRNAs in association with colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Scott V. Adams, Polly A. Newcomb, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, Melissa P. Upton, Lee-Ching Zhu, Margaret Mandelson, John D. Potter, Karen W. Makar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding regulatory RNAs that are stable in circulation and implicated in the etiology of many cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study we investigated whether candidate miRNAs could serve as blood-based biomarkers of colorectal adenoma. Methods: We conducted a colonoscopy-based case-control study of men and women ages 50-79; this report includes data from 48 polyp-free controls, 43 advanced adenoma, 73 non-advanced adenomas, and 8 CRC cases. We selected 12 miRNA candidates that are highly expressed in adenoma tissue and have low expression in blood cells, in addition to miRNAs previously reported as biomarkers of adenoma. miRNAs were extracted from stored plasma samples, and copy number assessed with qRT-PCR. Odds ratios (ORs) and area-under-the-curve (AUC) from receiver-operator characteristic curves were estimated to quantify the association between plasma copy-number of these candidate miRNAs and each case group. Results: No miRNA transcripts were associated with risk of adenoma or advanced adenomas, or with an AUC significantly above 0.5 that would indicate usefulness in discriminating either category of adenoma cases from controls. In contrast, statistically significant and strong associations (ORs&amp;gt;5) with CRC were observed for 6 miRNA candidates, with corresponding AUCs significantly greater than 0.5. Conclusions: Our results suggest that these candidate miRNAs, assayed with qRT-PCR, are unlikely to have clinical utility as blood-based screening biomarkers of adenomas. However, strong associations were observed with CRC. Circulating miRNAs may therefore have promise as potential early detection biomarkers to augment current CRC screening methods, but an optimal screening biomarker would detect pre-malignant colorectal adenomas as well as frank CRC. Citation Format: Scott V. Adams, Polly A. Newcomb, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, Melissa P. Upton, Lee-Ching Zhu, Margaret Mandelson, John D. Potter, Karen W. Makar. Circulating microRNAs in association with colorectal neoplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 299. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-299
Factors modifying the local arterial hyperresponsiveness of vibration-induced white finger
Authors: T. AZUMA, T. OHHASHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The extent and duration of the vibration-induced hyperresponsiveness of arterial smooth muscle to noradrenaline increased as the period of vibratory stimulation became longer. Division of a fixed stimulation time into a few shorter units interposed by intermissions decreased the extent and duration of the hyperresponsiveness. The shorter the length of each unit, the less the hyperresponsiveness. Verapamil effectively suppressed the appearance of the hyperresponsiveness, whereas pretreatment with phentolamine only partially inhibited its appearance. Administration of vitamin E was effective in suppressing the vibration-induced rise of responsiveness to noradrenaline in plasma.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Localization in the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Michael Soussan, Myriam Wartski, Jonathan Ezra, Sylvie Glaisner, Alain-Paul Pecking, Jean-Louis Alberini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the pituitary gland is rare. Intense focal FDG uptake was found in the pituitary gland on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT (FDG-PET/CT) performed for NHL pretherapeutic staging. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the intrasellar enhanced mass. FDG-PET/CT and brain MRI performed after the third course of CHOP chemotherapy showed, respectively, a total disappearance of focal FDG uptake and signal abnormalities in the pituitary gland. This case highlights the localization of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the pituitary gland diagnosed by PET/CT scan.
Abstract 1835: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) selective inhibitors as candidate drugs for prostate cancer
Authors: Paul C. Marker, Kimberly D.P. Hammer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Our laboratory used an insertional somatic mutagenesis screen in mice to identify novel genes that may drive prostate cancer initiation and progression. Using this screen, we have identified candidate prostate cancer genes including the candidate oncogene phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D). Investigation of PDE4D showed that it was over-expressed in human prostate cancer cell lines and in human prostate cancers. Stable knockdown of PDE4D by shRNA reduced the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Several small molecule PDE4D-selective inhibitors have been developed, including cilomilast and NVP-ABE171, and we have used them as potential anti-prostate cancer drugs in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitors were able to reduce the growth of prostate cancer cells in the context of epithelial mono-cultures or co-cultures that modeled stromal-epithelial interactions. Daily oral administration of PDE4D inhibitors for 6 weeks also reduced the growth of several prostate cancer xenograft lines in vivo through a dramatic induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, NVP-ABE171 and cilomilast also reduced the size of the prostates of treated mice without impacting overall animal health or the sizes of other organs. Under in vitro conditions in which prostate cancer cell growth was inhibited by either NVP-ABE171 or cilomilast, we also observed changes in the activation of potential downstream molecular targets of PDE4D inhibition including the sonic hedgehog and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. We are continuing studies with these inhibitors to further support the use of NVP-ABE171 and cilomilast as anti-prostate cancer drugs and to understand their mechanism(s) of action in the prostate. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1835. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1835