tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Resting Metabolic Rate in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Eric T. Poehlman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To examine resting metabolic rate in patients with congestive heart failure as a cause of cardiac cachexia and associated weight loss. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients: 20 men with heart failure (mean age ±SD, 69 ±7 years) and reduced ejection fraction (mean, 0.24 ±0.10) and 40 healthy men (mean age, 69 ±7 years). Results: Patients with heart failure had smaller fat-free mass than did controls (53 ±8 kg compared with 56 ±6 kg; P < 0.09), but no difference in fat mass existed (21 ±8 kg compared with 19 ±8 kg). Measured resting metabolic rate was 18% higher in patients with heart failure than in controls (1828 ±275 kcal/d compared with 1543 ±219 kcal/d; P < 0.01); no difference in caloric intake existed (2144 ±479 kcal/d compared with 2174 ±826 kcal/d). The difference in resting metabolic rate between the two groups was even more striking when indexed per kilogram of fat-free mass. Conclusions: Higher resting metabolic rate in patients with heart failure at least partially accounts for otherwise unexplained weight loss. Present caloric guidelines, which were established in healthy elderly persons, substantially underestimate the resting caloric needs of elderly persons with heart failure.
On the Functions, Character, and Position of the Ultimate Nerve-Terminations in the Skin and Hairs
Authors: G. Hoggan
Journal: BMJ (1882)

croton oil in suitable cases and at the proper time.There is no doubt that very many of these children would still be under care if the oil had not been employed.Yet, as I have before stated, the greatest care must be taken in using it, and some such method adopted as described by me in the JOURNAL for June 12th, I88o.
PRONUNCIATION OF MEDICAL TERMS
Authors: A. Henry Clagett
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest the communications inThe Journalfrom Dr. Spellman (January 18), Dr. Wallace (February 22), Dr. Royster (March 8), Dr. Lyon (March 22) and Dr. Reimann (May 17) on medical jargon and am wholeheartedly in accord with their views. Dr. Royster mentioned the all too common mispronunciation of the word "abdomen" and added that it is just as easy to be right as to be wrong. The pronunciation of words so far as to attempt any correction of the mistakes of others does not interest me. I offer no criticism whatever to those who wish to use individual or colloquial pronunciation. However, I do ask the right to use correct diction without constant "corrections" by persons unacquainted with the guide for pronunciation which may be found in any standard dictionary. I am most frequently "corrected" in my pronunciation of the word "digitalis." The
The Physiologic Effects of Light.
Authors: H. W. Conrad
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Guthrie, Okla., July 7, 1907.  To the Editor:  —Your editorial on the above subject in which you refer to the effects of light on blonds and brunettes, is the cause of my writing the following:  Many reasons have been advanced to account for the large number of deaths from consumption among blacks and other dark-skinned races; all of which reasons contain their quota of truth, but are as applicable to white races also; I believe, though, that the true reason has never been stated, that is, that the excessive mortuary rate per cent, is due to the deep pigmentation of their skin. The investigations as to the therapeutic and physiologic action of light, made in recent years, if logically studied, can lead to no other conclusion.  Finsen claimed that the actinic (blue) rays in sunlight are inimical to the life and growth of the tubercle bacilli. It has been acknowledged
The effects of increasing mean arterial pressure on left ventricular output in newborn lambs.
Authors: G F Van Hare, J A Hawkins, K G Schmidt, A M Rudolph
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We developed a preparation in which the mean arterial pressure of the newborn lamb is varied with little change in left ventricular preload. Seven lambs underwent balloon atrial septostomy and were instrumented with vascular catheters, an electromagnetic flow transducer on the aorta, and a balloon occluder on the aorta. Four different preload conditions were established by volume infusion or withdrawal. Aortic flow was measured continuously during gradual occlusion of the aorta. Curves relating mean left atrial pressure to stroke volume before balloon inflation showed a plateau, with little increase in stroke volume with increases in atrial pressure above 7 mm Hg. With balloon inflation, stroke volume decreased linearly with increases in mean arterial pressure. Curves relating left atrial pressure to stroke volume constructed at constant mean atrial pressure showed no plateau but showed continued increases in stroke volume as left atrial pressure was increased to 10 mmHg. When mean arterial pressure is constant, the Starling mechanism is operative in newborn left ventricles. The plateau in newborn lamb function curves is due to increases in mean arterial pressure that accompany volume infusion.
MHC class I–deficient natural killer cells acquire a licensed phenotype after transfer into an MHC class I–sufficient environment
Authors: Julie M. Elliott, Joseph A. Wahle, Wayne M. Yokoyama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

In MHC class I–deficient hosts, natural killer (NK) cells are hyporesponsive to cross-linking of activation receptors. Functional competence requires engagement of a self–major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I–specific inhibitory receptor, a process referred to as “licensing.” We previously suggested that licensing is developmentally determined in the bone marrow. In this study, we find that unlicensed mature MHC class I–deficient splenic NK cells show gain-of-function and acquire a licensed phenotype after adoptive transfer into wild-type (WT) hosts. Transferred NK cells produce WT levels of interferon-γ after engagement of multiple activation receptors, and degranulate at levels equivalent to WT NK cells upon coincubation with target cells. Only NK cells expressing an inhibitory Ly49 receptor specific for a cognate host MHC class I molecule show this gain-of-function. Therefore, these findings, which may be relevant to clinical bone marrow transplantation, suggest that neither exposure to MHC class I ligands during NK development in the BM nor endogenous MHC class I expression by NK cells themselves is absolutely required for licensing.
Fatal venous air embolism during upper endoscopy in a patient with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) catheter
Authors: C. Meier, A. Moser, M. Sanders
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Venous air embolism is a rare complication of endoscopic procedures reported with colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with sphincterotomy [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report a case of a fatal venous air embolism during upper endoscopy in a patient with prior pancreaticoduodenectomy and recent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) catheter placement.
The kinetics of grain dust-induced inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.
Authors: D C Deetz, P J Jagielo, T J Quinn, P S Thorne, S A Bleuer, D A Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To characterize the kinetics of grain dust-induced airflow obstruction and inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, we performed serial spirometry and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in human subjects and whole-lung lavage in mice following a single inhalation exposure to comparable dosages of corn dust extract (CDE). Following inhalation of CDE, our human study subjects developed significant airflow obstruction 10 min postexposure which persisted for 48 h. Human subjects and mice had similar acute and persistent changes in lavage cellularity after exposure to CDE. A profound increase in the concentration of lavage neutrophils was present in the initial postexposure lavage in both human subjects and mice. This increase persisted for 96 h in human subjects and 48 h in mice. Small but significant increases in lavage macrophage concentration were present 48 h postexposure in human subjects and at 96 h postexposure in mice. Inhalation of CDE resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the lavage fluid of both human subjects and mice. Similarly, significant increases in lavage concentrations of IL-8 in humans and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in mice occurred after inhalation of CDE. The lavage concentration of all measured proinflammatory cytokines returned to baseline levels by 168 h in humans and 96 h in mice. These findings suggest that a single inhalation challenge of CDE results in airflow obstruction and lower respiratory tract inflammation that may last for several days. These physiologic and inflammatory responses appear to be self-limited with no evidence of persistent injury 1 wk after the inhalation challenge. Moreover, the inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract after inhalation of grain dust is similar in human subjects and mice, suggesting that the mouse may be an appropriate model for further investigation of grain dust-induced inflammation.
???Rim Sign??? in Liver Abscesses
Authors: Naveen K. Gowda, Tushar Mohapatra, Sanjay Sharma, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

‘Rim sign’ in hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a reasonably specific sign of acute cholecystitis. We present a rare case of a ‘rim sign’ seen on hepatobiliary scintigraphy in a 42-year-old woman who underwent multiple aspirations for liver abscess. The chief complaint of the patient was abdominal pain with persistent fever and was referred for hepatobiliary scintigraphy to rule out biloma.
Staying Healthy Without Medicine: A Manual of Home Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Charles B. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The self-care movement and clinical medicine seem to have an uneasy relationship. Physicians fear that patients may unnecessarily delay seeking treatment by misguided application of self-care concepts. Many patients, conversely, want to have a greater and more active role in their personal medical care. What can be done? One solution in recent years has been the spate of conferences, books, articles, and pamphlets on the concept and practice of self-care for the layperson. Because most physicians want their patients to participate effectively in prevention or treatment of illness, there is a real need to help patients find appropriate sources of self-care information. The three physician authors of<i>Staying Healthy Without Medicine</i>have produced a highly readable, well-organized book that seems to provide competent self-care advice for prevention and treatment and that encourages self-care, without discouraging the doctor-patient relationship. It is unusually well written, in my judgment. Each concept is carefully
Diagnosis of Wilson's disease: an experience over three decades
Authors: P J Gow
Journal: Gut (2000)

Wilson's disease is a rare but treatable condition that often presents diagnostic dilemmas. These dilemmas have for the most part not been resolved by the identification and cloning of the Wilson's disease gene.To report our experience over three decades with patients with Wilson's disease in order to illustrate the diverse patterns of presentation and thereby broaden the approach to diagnosis.Clinical and laboratory findings of 30 patients with Wilson's disease were reviewed.Twenty two patients presented with liver manifestations (eight with fulminant hepatic failure and 14 with chronic liver disease), three with neurological disease, and one with haemolysis; four were asymptomatic siblings of patients with Wilson's disease. Seventy per cent were diagnosed within six months of the onset of symptoms, but diagnosis was delayed for up to nine years. Age range at diagnosis was wide (7-58 years) and five patients were over 40. In patients presenting with non-fulminant disease, 18% had neither Kayser-Fleischer rings nor low caeruloplasmin concentrations. Increased liver copper concentrations were found in all but one patient who had undergone six years of penicillamine treatment. In fulminant hepatic failure (n=8) additional features helpful in the diagnosis included evidence of haemolysis, increased urinary copper (range 844-9375 microg/24 h), and a high non-caeruloplasmin copper (range 325-1743 microg/l).The diagnosis of Wilson's disease still depends primarily on the evaluation of clinical and laboratory evidence of abnormal copper metabolism. No one feature is reliable, but the diagnosis can usually be made provided that it is suspected. Wilson's disease should be considered in patients of any age with obscure hepatic or neurological abnormalities.
Abstract 4835: Genetic determinants of mTOR inhibitor response in breast and endometrial cancer
Authors: Britta Weigelt, Patricia H. Warne, Maryou Lambros, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Julian Downward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Breast and endometrial cancers frequently harbour genetic aberrations that result in increased activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway including amplification and overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases, activating PIK3CA mutations, and inactivating PTEN mutations or loss of PTEN function. Given the pivotal role of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in cancer cell growth and survival, inhibitors of several of its components are currently being tested in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to define the genetic determinants of mTOR inhibitor response in breast and endometrial cancer cells. Methods: A panel of 31 breast and 26 endometrial cancer cell lines was treated with serial dilutions of ‘rapalogs’ (i.e. allosteric inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)) and mTOR kinase inhibitors targeting mTORC1 and mTORC2. Cell viability was determined using CellTiter Blue. PTEN protein levels and mutations in PTEN transcripts were assessed in all cell lines using western blotting and Sanger sequencing, respectively. PIK3CA mutations were assessed using Sanger sequencing in the breast cancer cells, and hot-spot mutations in PIK3CA and 18 additional oncogenes using the Sequenom OncoCarta Panel v1.0 in the endometrial cancer cells. Results: Response of breast cancer cells to both the rapalog everolimus and the mTOR kinase inhibitor PP242 was determined by the presence of activating PIK3CA mutations but not PTEN loss of function. In addition, PP242 treatment induced a more efficient response in HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines, irrespective of the PIK3CA mutation status. By contrast, endometrial cancer cell lines not only harbouring mutations in PIK3CA but also in PTEN were sensitive to treatment with the rapalog temsirolimus. The mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 induced a strong reduction in cell viability in all endometrial cancer cell lines tested. Conclusions: Our results suggest that response to mTOR inhibitors in breast and endometrial cancer cells may be determined by the presence of alterations affecting PIK3CA and PTEN. Our data further indicate, however, that the epistatic interactions between different components of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway are distinct in cancers of the breast and endometrium. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4835. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4835
37. Long-Term Expression of Mini-Human Dystrophin in Transgenic mdx Mice Improves Dystrophic Muscle Functions
Authors: Bing Wang, Juan Li, Chunlian Chen, Xiancheng Jiang, Terry O'Day, Jon Watchko, Xiao Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic muscle disorder caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene and affects one in every 3500 males. The clinical and pathological characteristics of DMD patients show progressive myopathy of skeletal and cardiac muscles and premature death of patients. The huma |[ldquo]|mini- or micro -dystrophines|[rdquo]| with different truncated central rod domains have been proven to ameliorate dystrophic pathology. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the long-term expression of human mini-dystrophin and therapeutic benefits in transgenic mdx mice.
Interstitial Lung Disease and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: JOHN R. COHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Interstitial Lung Disease and Cancer ChemotherapyJOHN R. COHN, M.D.JOHN R. COHN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-856_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Durant and his associates in the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) reported in the February 1979 issue (1) 10 patients who developed an interstitial pulmonary disease while undergoing multiple-agent antineoplastic regimens that included bischlorethylnitrosourea (BCNU). Their patients presented with signs and symptoms of respiratory distress, resting hypoxia, diffusion abnormalities, a restrictive pattern on pulmonary function testing, and, frequently, infiltrates found on chest roentgenogram. Nine of their patients were concurrently receiving cyclophosphamide. As they noted, this agent has already been implicated as a cause of drug-induced pulmonary disease (1-5).The clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in the...References1. DURANT J, NORGARD M, MURAD T, BARTOLUCCI A, and LANGFORD K: Pulmonary toxicity associated with bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). Ann Intern Med 90:191-194, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSENOW E: The spectrum of drug-induce pulmonary diseases. Ann Intern Med 77:977-991, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar3. PATEL A, SHAH P, RHEE H, SASOON H, and RAO K: Cyclophosphamide therapy and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Cancer 38:1542-1549, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DOHNER V, WARD H, and STANDARD R: Alveolitis during procarbazine, vincristine and cyclophosphamide therapy. Chest 62:636-639, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TOPILOW A, ROTHENBERG S, and COTTREIL T: Interstitial pneumonia after prolonged treatment with cyclophosphamide. Am Rev Respir Dis 108:114-117, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar6. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 12-1978). N Engl J Med 1978; 13:729-736 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN R. COHN, M.D.Affiliations: Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy in Patients With Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 856-856KeywordsCancer chemotherapyCyclophosphamideDrugsHypoxiaInterstitial lung diseasesLung and intrathoracic tumorsPulmonary diseasesPulmonary functionSigns and symptomsThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tumor necrosis factor-α induces coordinated changes in major histocompatibility class I presentation pathway, resulting in increased stability of class I complexes at the cell surface
Authors: Kristian Hallermalm, Katzutake Seki, Chenhong Wei, Chiara Castelli, Licia Rivoltini, Rolf Kiessling, Jelena Levitskaya
Journal: Blood (2001)
Psychotic experiences as a predictor of the natural course of suicidal ideation: a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Ian Kelleher, Martin Cederlöf, Paul Lichtenstein
Journal: World Psychiatry (2014)

Psychotic experiences are far more prevalent in the population than psychotic disorders and are associated with a wide range of depressive, anxiety and behavioral disorders, as well as increased risk for psychotic disorder. Recently, psychotic experiences have been highlighted as a potentially valuable clinical marker of risk for suicidal behavior. There have been few studies to date, however, to assess psychotic experiences as a predictor of suicidality over time. We wished to assess whether young persons with suicidal ideation at baseline assessment who reported psychotic experiences were at higher risk for persistence of suicidal ideation at follow-up than young persons who also reported suicidal ideation at baseline but who did not report co-occurring psychotic experiences. A total of 2,263 adolescents were assessed at age 13 to 14 years for psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Participants were re-assessed at ages 16 to 17 years and 19 to 20 years. Among 13- to 14-year olds with suicidal ideation, co-occurring psychotic experiences did not predict an increased odds of persistence of suicidal ideation to age 16 to 17 years (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.19-4.78). Among 16- to 17-year olds with suicidal ideation, however, co-occurring psychotic experiences predicted a 6-fold increased odds of persistence of suicidal ideation to age 19 to 20 years (OR=5.53, 95% CI: 1.33-23.00). Psychotic experiences are an important but under-recognized marker of risk for persistence of suicidal ideation, in particular from mid-adolescence. An increased emphasis on the clinical assessment of psychotic experiences in mental health services should be a priority.
Determination of anthralin as a fluorescent borate complex
Authors: K.K. MUSTAKALLIO, ULLA LAMMINSIVU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Determination of anthralin as a fluorescent borate complex Get access K.K. MUSTAKALLIO, K.K. MUSTAKALLIO Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University, and Orion Pharmaceutical Co., Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ULLA LAMMINSIVU ULLA LAMMINSIVU Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University, and Orion Pharmaceutical Co., Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Page 54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01005.x Published: 01 August 1981