tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early evidence of asbestosis.
Authors: W J Smither
Journal: BMJ (1979)

incidence of allergic complications than those with no detected antigen in blood.3Furthermore, high concentrations of antigen in CSF at diagnosis with slow disappearance of antigen were associated with neurological damage.Thus, while I agree with the authors' two conclusions, which, I respectfully submit, are self-evident, there are well-known immuno- logical techniques which can improve diagnostic accuracy and which also have some prognostic and epidemiological value.
Easing Education Costs
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imatinib—A New Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for First-Line Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2015
Authors: Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Rocco Piazza
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

This Viewpoint states that imatinib's safety and effectiveness compare favorably with those of newer drugs used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia and points out that the expiration of imatinib's patent confers a substantial cost advantage.
Sex differences in susceptibility to development of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)
Authors: J.L. REES, P.S. FRIEDMANN, J.N.S. MATTHEWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Sex differences in susceptibility to development of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) Get access J.L. REES, J.L. REES University Departments of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. FRIEDMANN, P.S. FRIEDMANN University Departments of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.N.S. MATTHEWS J.N.S. MATTHEWS University Departments of Medical Statistics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 3, 1 March 1989, Pages 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04162.x Published: 01 March 1989
Ten Speed Bicycles and Shoulder Bags
Authors: David W. Furnas
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE SIMULTANEOUS popularity of the ten-speed bicycle (bicycle sales now outnumber automobile sales in the United States.<sup>1</sup>) and the shoulder bag has introduced yet another hazard into modern life. The forward position of a cyclist on the modern, diamond-frame, ten-speed bicycle adds efficiency to pedaling efforts and cuts down resistance but at the same time gives insecure purchase for the strap of a shoulder bag (Fig 1). A small movement can cause the strap of the bag to slip from the shoulder, slide down the arm to the handlebar, and swing forward in a pendulum movement toward the front wheel (Fig 2). The rotating spokes of the front wheel catch the bag and wedge it solidly between the fork and the wheel. The front wheel stops precipitously, the bicycle turns end-up, and the rider is thrown over the handlebars, often with disastrous results (Fig 3). <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case</h3>
Potential hazards of fumigant residues.
Authors: L Fishbein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

A spectrum of fumigants (primarily ethylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, ethylene oxide, symdibromotetetrachloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorovos, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide) as well as their degradation products in foodstuffs and soil have been examined mainly in regard to the potential mutagenicity of their residues.
Height at diagnosis of diabetes in children: a study in identical twins.
Authors: P J Hoskins, R D Leslie, D A Pyke
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The height at diagnosis of 16 insulin dependent diabetics aged under 19 was compared with that of their unaffected identical cotwins measured at the same time. In eight pairs the diabetic was shorter, and in the remainder the cotwins were the same height. In those diabetics who were shorter than their cotwins at diagnosis the average period of growth delay before diagnosis was at least 35 weeks; by contrast, the mean duration of symptoms was only six weeks. No cause for the growth delay other than the diabetes was known in any of the twins. These findings show that the onset of insulin dependent diabetes may be a slow process, with growth delay occurring several months before symptoms appear.
Thiol regulation of the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages
Authors: P. Gosset, B. Wallaert, A.B. Tonnel, C. Fourneau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Reactive oxygen intermediates exert signalling functions and modulate gene transcription, particularly for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exogenous as well as endogenous thiols could be potent inhibitors of the production of cytokines, the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH) and modulated GSH synthesis on the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages (AMs) was evaluated, as well as the potential role of intracellular GSH depletion on the effect of exogenous thiols. AMs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine production was measured by evaluating messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and protein secretion. Depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) reached 45.2% after 3 h and was nearly complete at 24 h. Whereas a 24-h preincubation of AMs with BSO significantly increased LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8, a 3-h preincubation only enhanced LPS-stimulated production of IL-8 (p&lt;0.05). Treatment with NAC and GSH did not significantly increase intracellular content of GSH even after a 48-h incubation. Addition of GSH and NAC significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha (mean+/-SEM 21.2+/-5 and 44.7+/-4.4% inhibition, respectively) as well as LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, NAC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in GSH-depleted AMs obtained by BSO pretreatment. In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages by a mechanism independent of glutathione metabolism. However, total depletion of glutathione within alveolar macrophages significantly increases tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 synthesis whereas it does not modulate interleukin-6 secretion.
Metastatic Tumors to the Stomach: Analysis of 54 Patients Diagnosed at Endoscopy and 347 Autopsy Cases
Authors: I. Oda, H. Kondo, T. Yamao, D. Saito, H. Ono, T. Gotoda, H. Yamaguchi, S. Yoshida, T. Shimoda
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

There have been several published reports on metastatic lesions in the stomach, but the numbers of cases have been limited due to the low frequency of the condition. The present study examined the clinicopathological features of metastatic tumors in the stomach from distant sites in a large series of cases.A total of 389 patients with gastric metastases from solid malignant tumors were examined between 1968 and 1998 at our institution. Of these, 347 were identified from a series of 6380 autopsy cases; 54 patients were diagnosed endoscopically while alive, 12 of whom had confirmation of the condition at autopsy.In the endoscopically diagnosed cases, the metastases presented as solitary (65%) or multiple lesions (35 %), and were more frequently located in the middle or upper third of the stomach. Although the endoscopic appearance often resembled that of submucosal tumor (51%) or primary gastric cancer (39%), the final diagnosis was easily obtained in over 90% of cases from endoscopic biopsies. In two cases of lung cancer and breast cancer, gastric metastases were found before the primary tumors. In the autopsy cases with solid malignancies, metastatic lesions to the stomach were found in 5.4%, and the lung, breast, and esophagus were common primary sites. Malignant melanoma was the most frequent tumor to metastasize to the stomach (29.6%).Since metastatic lesions to the stomach are rare, the above characteristics of the lesions should be borne in mind, and biopsies should be taken for precise diagnosis during endoscopic examinations.
Aberrant Response to Diazepam: A New Syndrome
Authors: RICHARD C. W. HALL, JOY R. JOFFE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors report on six patients with diazepam (Valium) toxicity. All showed symptoms of tremulousness, apprehension, insomnia, depression, and (later) ego-alien suicidal ideation. None had a history of previous psychiatric disorder, and all were taking greater than the maximum recommended dose of diazepam. Because the quality of the suicidal ideation in this syndrome differs from the usual indicators of suicidal intent, physicians should be alert to early symptoms of the syndrome and take measures to protect the patient against suicidal impulses.
Effects of Parental PTSD on the Cortisol Response to Dexamethasone Administration in Their Adult Offspring
Authors: Rachel Yehuda, William Blair, Ellen Labinsky, Linda M. Bierer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

The authors used a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test to examine the effect of a PTSD risk factor, parental PTSD, on cortisol negative feedback inhibition in adult offspring of Holocaust survivors with PTSD (N=13) versus without PTSD (N=12) as well as a comparison group of offspring whose parents had no Holocaust exposure (N=16).Blood samples were obtained at 8:00 a.m. for the determination of baseline cortisol. Participants ingested 0.5 mg of dexamethasone at 11:00 p.m., and blood samples were obtained again at 8:00 a.m. the following day.Enhanced cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone was associated primarily with parental PTSD status, with minimal contribution of subjects' own trauma-related symptoms.Enhanced cortisol negative feedback inhibition may be associated with PTSD because it is related to the PTSD risk factor of parental PTSD.
Long-term health effects of particulate and other ambient air pollution: research can progress faster if we want it to.
Authors: N Künzli, I B Tager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

There is need for the assessment of long-term effects of outdoor air pollution. In fact, a considerable part of the large amount of U.S. research money that has been dedicated to investigate effects of ambient particulate pollution should be invested to address long-term effects. Studies that follow the health status of large numbers of subjects across long periods of time (i.e., cohort studies) should be considered the key research approach to address these questions. However, these studies are time consuming and expensive. We propose efficient strategies to address these questions in less time. Apart from long-term continuation of the few ongoing air pollution cohort studies in the United States, data from large cohorts that were established decades ago may be efficiently used to assess cardiorespiratory effects and to target research on detection of the most susceptible subgroups in the population, which may be related to genetic, molecular, behavioral, societal, and/or environmental factors. This approach will be efficient only if the available air pollution monitoring data will be used to spatially model long-term outdoor pollution concentrations across a given country for each year with available pollution data. Such concentration maps will allow researchers to impute outdoor air pollution levels at any residential location, independent of the location of monitors. Exposure imputation may be based on residential location(s) of participants in long-standing cardiorespiratory cohort studies, which can be matched to pollutant levels using geographic information systems. As shown in European impact assessment studies, such maps may be derived relatively quickly.
RADICAL CURE OF STRANGULATED INGUINAL AND FEMORAL HERNIAE.
Authors: IRVING S. HAYNES
Journal: JAMA (1900)

swollen, more painful and tender, and if the patient survives long enough, the skin over the hernia will be red and finally break down.Of the symptoms of gen- eral septic peritonitis, suffice it to say that frequently the patient will cease to complain of pain, the vomiting will be replaced by distressing singultus and the patient will present the picture of one dying from ptomain poisoning.The cardinal symptoms of a strangulated hernia are those of shock or collapse, pain, vomiting and constipa- tion.Pain is one of the first to appear and is referred to the hernia itself or the umbilical region.It is colicky in nature and is due to injury of the peritoneum, dis- tention of the intestines and very active peristalsis.Vomiting is at first a reflex, but if the case goes on without relief it is caused by the obstruction to the nat- ural current of intestinal contents.It is frequently re- peated, but affords no relief and gives rise to great
Influence of Prostigmine and Acetylcholine on Ventricular Fibrillation Elicited by Focal Cooling
Authors: D. SCHERF, R. BUSSAN, W. C. GITTINGER, S. TORIN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Focal cooling of the exposed ventricle of the dog, beating at high rates, elicits ventricular fibrillation within a few seconds. The effect of this mode of cooling on hearts pre-treated with prostigmine or acetylcholine is studied. These compounds do not prevent ventricular fibrillation, but on the contrary some observations show that they enhance its appearance.
Direct Renal Vasodilatation Produced by Dopamine in the Dog
Authors: JOHN L. McNAY, ROBERT H. McDONALD, LEON I. GOLDBERG, Carolyn Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The effects on directly measured renal blood flow, mean blood pressure, and calculated renal vascular resistance of intravenous infusions of dopamine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine were compared. Dopamine, at doses not affecting mean blood pressure, decreased renal vascular resistance and increased renal blood flow. In contrast, isoproterenol decreased both blood pressure and renal vascular resistance but did not consistently increase renal blood flow. Renal artery injection of dopamine produced vasodilatation at doses ranging from 0.75 to 12 µg and biphasic flow responses including transient vasoconstriction at higher doses. It is concluded that the probable basis for the effect of intravenous dopamine infusion on renal blood flow is its direct renal vasodilating action. The direct effect of dopamine on the femoral vascular bed is vasoconstriction. The combination of renal vasodilating, and femoral vasoconstricting, effects is unique and is interpreted as evidence for a renal vasodilating effect of dopamine distinct from the conventional beta-adrenergic mechanism. A possible physiological role for dopamine other than as a precursor to norepinephrine may be related to this property. It is also suggested that the ability of dopamine to alter the distribution of cardiac output in favor of visceral organs may find useful clinical applications.
[253] SINGLE AND MULTIPLE HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA: A SINGLE CENTRE SURGICAL EXPERIENCE OF 120 CASES
Authors: J. Belghiti, S. Dokmak, V. Paradis, V. Vilgrain, O. Farges, A. Sauvanet, D. Valla, M. Lesurte, P. Bedossa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Disproportionate Body Composition and Neonatal Outcome in Offspring of Mothers With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Martina Persson, Helena Fadl, Ulf Hanson, Dharmintra Pasupathy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE High birth weight is a risk factor for neonatal complications. It is not known if the risk differs with body proportionality. The primary aim of this study was to determine the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in relation to body proportionality in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants stratified by maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based study of all LGA (birth weight [BW] &amp;gt;90th percentile) infants born to women with GDM (n = 1,547) in 1998–2007. The reference group comprised LGA infants (n = 83,493) born to mothers without diabetes. Data were obtained from the Swedish Birth Registry. Infants were categorized as proportionate (P-LGA) if ponderal index (PI) (BW in grams/length in cm3) was ≤90th percentile and as disproportionate (D-LGA) if PI &amp;gt;90th percentile. The primary outcome was a composite morbidity: Apgar score 0–3 at 5 min, birth trauma, respiratory disorders, hypoglycemia, or hyperbilirubinemia. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for adverse outcomes. RESULTS The risk of composite neonatal morbidity was increased in GDM pregnancies versus control subjects but comparable between P- and D-LGA in both groups. D-LGA infants born to mothers without diabetes had significantly increased risk of birth trauma (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.09–1.30]) and hypoglycemia (1.23 [1.11–1.37]). D-LGA infants in both groups had significantly increased odds of Cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS The risk of composite neonatal morbidity is significantly increased in GDM offspring. In pregnancies both with and without GDM, the risk of composite neonatal morbidity is comparable between P- and D-LGA.
South Asian health: what is to be done?
Authors: Sania Nishtar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Asian health: what is to be done? Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will benefit allEditor-The BMJ deserves credit for providing the spark necessary to activate the medical community of the South Asian countries, with their limited resources, unstable governments, and uncommitted politicians pitching in with solutions for public health problems.Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will ensure benefits to all its constituents.Strength will flow from unity of purpose focused on achievable targets with a structured and pragmatic plan of realistic objectives.The impossible can be made possible.There is a wealth of talent and experience in the South Asian countries in traditional and complementary systems of medicine, which have great potential for providing relief to millions of people at minimal or no cost to the exchequer.Ayurveda, the unani system, homoeopathy, herbal medicine, yoga, and meditation are powerful modalities for providing some remedies to the poor and ailing population of South Asia.Education is the bedrock on which all health practices are based.Knowledge of cleanliness, sanitation, clean potable water, and basic amenities for primary health in every village is an admirable beginning.The public and private sectors have distinctive roles.There must be harmony, cooperation, discipline, and monitoring to ensure optimal use of resources.This needs to be orchestrated by the government agencies designated to run a country's health programmes.
Frequency of Inappropriate Medical Exceptions to Quality Measures
Authors: Stephen D. Persell, Nancy C. Dolan, Elisha M. Friesema, Jason A. Thompson, Darren Kaiser, David W. Baker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Quality improvement programs that allow physicians to document medical reasons for deviating from guidelines preserve clinicians' judgment while enabling them to strive for high performance. However, physician misconceptions or gaming potentially limit programs. Objective: To implement computerized decision support with mechanisms to document medical exceptions to quality measures and to perform peer review of exceptions and provide feedback when appropriate. Design: Observational study. Setting: Large internal medicine practice. Participants: Patients eligible for 1 or more quality measures. Measurements: A peer-review panel judged medical exceptions to 16 chronic disease and prevention quality measures as appropriate, inappropriate, or of uncertain appropriateness. Medical records were reviewed after feedback was given to determine whether care changed. Results: Physicians recorded 650 standardized medical exceptions during 7 months. The reporting tool was used without any medical reason 36 times (5.5%). Of the remaining 614 exceptions, 93.6% were medically appropriate, 3.1% were inappropriate, and 3.3% were of uncertain appropriateness. Frequencies of inappropriate exceptions were 7 (6.9%) for coronary heart disease, 0 (0%) for heart failure, 10 (10.8%) for diabetes, and 2 (0.6%) for preventive services. After physicians received direct feedback about inappropriate exceptions, 8 of 19 (42%) changed management. The peer-review process took less than 5 minutes per case, but for each change in clinical care, 65 reviews were required. Limitation: The findings could differ at other sites or if financial incentives were in place. Conclusion: Physician-recorded medical exceptions were correct most of the time. Peer review of medical exceptions can identify myths and misconceptions, but the process needs to be more efficient to be sustainable. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Osseous metaplasia of the colon in an ulcerative proctosigmoiditis
Authors: L. Veits, A. Perathoner, C. Profanter, C. Falkeis, G. Mikuz, C. Ensinger
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 77-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain and hematochezia. The patient reported a normal routine colonoscopy 2 years ago. Her long-term medication consisted of statins, allopurinol, and triazolam. Additionally she had a short-term analgesic medication (naproxen). At colonoscopy, a marginal macroscopic inflammation of the sigmoid colon and a 4-mm rectal polypoid lesion were visible ([Fig. 1]).
The Patenting of Surgical Instruments.
Authors: M. E. Preston
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Denver, Colo., March 11, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the present time medical ethics prevent the best men in medicine from patenting various appurtenances which their brains, experience and philanthropy may have caused them to bring into existence. Such a generous stand is evidently taken in order that humanity in general, and the medical profession in particuar, may be benefited thereby; in fact, the motives are too obvious to require discussion. In other words, a man of medical genius is supposed to give freely of the fruits of his labor, and suffering mankind is supposed to be the recipient. Why, then, is it that physicians are shortsighted, careless and improvident as to overlook the fact that their gifts never reach those for whom they were intended? The above may seem a broad statement, but it is nevertheless true, and should be given consideration. For instance, take any of the various