tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Water Requirements of Surgical Patients
Authors: D. L. C. Bingham
Journal: BMJ (1938)

ResultsSerumz of Patienits lIjected with Hunman Urine of Pregnancy Extracts.-Theresults of these assays (Table II) show that no appreciable amount of anti-gonadotropic substance is formed in response to the prolonged administration of either pregnyl or antuitrin S. The serum of Case II, which was tested most frequently, showed after nineteen weeks of injections a slight anti-gonadotropic activity, in that it inhibited, in an amount of 1.5 c.cm., the activity contained in about 0.5 mg. of the extract UPIO.No further production was found in samples taken at a later date, in spite of the continued injections.This amount of anti-gonadotropic substance is very slight in comparison with that formed in other species receiving continued injection of this material (Rowlands and Parkes, 1937).Direct comparison is difficult, on account of the difference in the amounts given and the method of admin- istration.The development of this small amount of anti- gonadotropic activity might be explained on the assumption that the pregnyl had been denatured to such an extent in its preparation as to become slightly antigenic to man.These results confirm the work of Twombly (1936) and are in keeping with those of Thompson (1937) and Rowlands (1937a), who failed to produce " anti-hormone " activity in the blood of sheep that had been injected for prolonged periods with sheep pituitary extracts: they uphold the view of the true antibody nature of "anti- hormones."Serum of Patients Treated wit/h Pig Pituitary Extracts.-The serum of the patient (Case 3) treated with ambinon for sixteen weeks appeared to augment the gonadotropic activity of a saline extract of pig pituitary.When the test was repeated after twenty-one weeks of treatment the serum again appeared to enhance the activity of an extract made from acetone-desiccated pig pituitary (AP43D).A final sample of serum taken five weeks later failed either to augment or to inhibit the action of ambinon (AP44).The injection together with ambinon (AP51) of serum obtained before treatment (Cases 9 and 10) did not increase the effect of the extract on the rat ovary.Very doubtful augmentary effects were given by the serum of the patient (Case 4) treated with antuitrin gonadotropic.The significance of an augmentary action, such as seems to be shown by these sera, is discussed elsewhere (Rowlands, 1937a).Summary No serious amount of anti-gonadotropic activity was demonstrable in the serum of patients receiving gonado- tropic extracts of either human urine of pregnancy or pig pituitary for varying periods up to seven months.From this we conclude that in the treatment of undescended testes and other disabilities the administration of gonadotropic hormones may be continued for a considerable period without fear of inducing a phase of insensitivity and damage to the gonads by anti-gonadotropic substances.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease
Authors: Howard J. Eisen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 November 2003Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart DiseaseHoward J. Eisen, MDHoward J. Eisen, MDFrom Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Theroux P, ed. 768 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003. $149.00. ISBN 0721696139. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Cardiology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians in cardiology and internal medicine.Purpose: To provide up-to-date information on the pathophysiology and management of acute coronary syndromes.Content: The book has 10 sections that are subdivided into chapters covering acute coronary syndromes in clinical practice, pathophysiology, diagnosis, pharmacologic management, management strategies of revascularization, identification of specific subgroups, the transition from acute phase to chronic phase, and perspectives in future management. The final section reviews the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2002 guidelines and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 November 2003Volume 139, Issue 9Page: 794KeywordsAcute coronary syndromeCardiovascular therapyEpidemiologyForecastingHeartHeart failureInterventional cardiologyMagnetic resonance imagingRevascularizationSoftware tools ePublished: 4 November 2003 Issue Published: 4 November 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Safe but Sound
Authors: Kaveh G. Shojania, Bradford W. Duncan, Kathryn M. McDonald, Robert M. Wachter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Donors pledge $2.6bn to improve access to family planning
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The prime minister, David Cameron, made a passionate speech on family planning at a London summit which saw donors pledge $2.65bn (£1.7bn; €2.2bn) to help broaden women’s access to contraception in the developing world.

The pledges were made by donor countries and philanthropic organisations at a summit organised by the UK Department for International Development and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The summit was called to give 120 million more women in developing countries access to contraceptive services and information by 2020.

The biggest pledge at the summit came from the UK government which promised $800m until 2020, doubling its spending commitment to family planning. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation pledged $560m until 2020, doubling its annual commitment. Germany promised an additional $491m to reproductive health and family planning, of …
Variation of erythroid and myeloid precursors in the marrow and peripheral blood of volunteer subjects infected with human parvovirus (B19).
Authors: C G Potter, A C Potter, C S Hatton, H M Chapel, M J Anderson, J R Pattison, D A Tyrrell, P G Higgins, J S Willman, H F Parry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Infection of normal individuals with human parvovirus (B19) results in a mild disease (erythema infectiosum) but gives rise to aplastic crises in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias. The effects of this disease on hemopoiesis were investigated following intranasal inoculation of the virus into three volunteers. A typical disease ensued with a viremia peaking at 9 d. Marrow morphology 6 d after inoculation appeared normal but at 10 d there was a severe loss of erythroid precursors followed by a 1-2-g drop in hemoglobin, and an increase in serum immunoreactive erythropoietin. Erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) from the peripheral blood were considerably reduced, starting at the time of viremia and persisting for 4-8 d depending on the individual. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) were also affected but the loss started 2 d later. Both CFU-GM and BFU-E showed a sharp overshoot at recovery. In the marrow, BFU-E and CFU-E were reduced at 6 and 10 d in the individual having the longest period of peripheral progenitor loss. In contrast, there was an increase in BFU-E and CFU-E in the subject with least change in peripheral progenitors. In the third subject, with an intermediate picture, there was a loss at 6 d but an increase at 10 d of erythroid progenitors. It is suggested that the architecture of the marrow might partially isolate progenitors from high titers of virus in the serum and individual variation in this respect might give the results observed.
Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: C J Bijkerk, N J de Wit, J W M Muris, P J Whorwell, J A Knottnerus, A W Hoes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To determine the effectiveness of increasing the dietary content of soluble fibre (psyllium) or insoluble fibre (bran) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.Randomised controlled trial.General practice.275 patients aged 18-65 years with irritable bowel syndrome.12 weeks of treatment with 10 g psyllium (n=85), 10 g bran (n=97), or 10 g placebo (rice flour) (n=93).The primary end point was adequate symptom relief during at least two weeks in the previous month, analysed after one, two, and three months of treatment to assess both short term and sustained effectiveness. Secondary end points included irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score, severity of abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life scale.The proportion of responders was significantly greater in the psyllium group than in the placebo group during the first month (57% v 35%; relative risk 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.26) and the second month of treatment (59% v 41%; 1.44, 1.02 to 2.06). Bran was more effective than placebo during the third month of treatment only (57% v 32%; 1.70, 1.12 to 2.57), but this was not statistically significant in the worst case analysis (1.45, 0.97 to 2.16). After three months of treatment, symptom severity in the psyllium group was reduced by 90 points, compared with 49 points in the placebo group (P=0.03) and 58 points in the bran group (P=0.61 versus placebo). No differences were found with respect to quality of life. Fifty four (64%) of the patients allocated to psyllium, 54 (56%) in the bran group, and 56 (60%) in the placebo group completed the three month treatment period. Early dropout was most common in the bran group; the main reason was that the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome worsened.Psyllium offers benefits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care.Clinical trials NCT00189033.
Treatment of Hypopituitarism
Authors: R. N. Beck, D. A. D. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (1957)

~~Ji~~~~i~~~1~~~f1 ~~~MEDICAL JOURA In a elinical trial, extract of cascara in a dose of 6 gr.(0.4 g.) (three-quarters of the pharmacopoeial maximum) was compared with a standardized prepara- tion of senna in a dose of 11 gr.(0.7 g.) (one-third of the pharmacopoeial maximum).With the dosages used the senna (" senokot ") was shown to be a more effective laxative.In the course of the trial it was noted that, of 290 women, 66 had been taking laxatives regularly before they became pregnant and that 43 had taken liquid paraffin regularly during their pregnancy.I thank Miss G.
Serine 776 of Ataxin-1 Is Critical for Polyglutamine-Induced Disease in SCA1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Effat S. Emamian, Michael D. Kaytor, Lisa A. Duvick, Tao Zu, Susan K. Tousey, Huda Y. Zoghbi, H.Brent Clark, Harry T. Orr
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells: role in the diagnosis of lung infections
Authors: L. Richeldi, M. Mariani, M. Losi, F. Maselli, L. Corbetta, C. Buonsanti, M. Colonna, F. Sinigaglia, P. Panina-Bordignon, L.M. Fabbri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)‐1 is a recently described molecule, which plays an important role in myeloid cell-activated inflammatory responses. TREM‐1 is expressed on blood neutrophils and monocytes, and also on alveolar macrophages, thus suggesting a potential role in lung inflammatory responses against infections. To investigate the differential expression of TREM‐1 in lung infections, its levels were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with community-acquired pneumonia or tuberculosis. TREM‐1 was also investigated in patients with interstitial lung diseases, as a model of noninfectious inflammatory disease of the lung. TREM‐1 expression was significantly increased in lung neutrophils and in lung macrophages of patients with pneumonia (n=7; 387.9±61.4 and 660.5±18.3, respectively) compared with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n=7; 59.2±13.1 and 80.6±291.2) and patients with interstitial lung diseases (n=10; 91.8±23.3 and 123.9±22.8). In contrast, TREM‐1 expression on peripheral blood neutrophils was no different among the three groups. In conclusion, these data suggest that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 is selectively expressed in the lungs of patients with pneumonia caused by extracellular bacteria and not in patients with tuberculosis, providing a potential marker for differential diagnosis.
Steadying the NHS
Authors: Donald M Berwick, Sheila Leatherman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An independent NHS?In April this year, Fiona Godlee wrote in her editor's choice that the UK health service needs to be protected from party politics to halt the rapid turnaround in policies that seem to be destabilising the system.She argued that an independent NHS authority could be run by a board of governors responsible for managing health care within a set budget and a broad political framework.We asked four opinion leaders for their views on whether it is time to give the NHS more independence.
Cystic Fibrosis from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Pamela B. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The highest goal of biomedical bench research is to translate test-tube discoveries into real-world benefits for patients. The extraordinary advances in research on cystic fibrosis in the past 10 years have provided a wealth of opportunities for therapeutic intervention and will surely add new strategies to the current armamentarium. Conventional treatment for cystic fibrosis, devised 30 years ago by intrepid clinicians without knowledge of the basic defect, has been remarkably successful. Therapeutic programs aimed at clearing viscid secretions from the lung, correcting nutritional deficits, and controlling pulmonary infections have increased the median survival age for patients with cystic fibrosis to . . .
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Transmitted by Blood Transfusion
Authors: Paul A. Tambyah, Evelyn S.C. Koay, Michelle L.M. Poon, Raymond V.T.P. Lin, Benjamin K.C. Ong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Dengue, the most common vectorborne viral infection worldwide,1 is predominantly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We describe a well-documented cluster of blood transfusion–associated dengue infections in Singapore, a country in which the disease is endemic. A 52-year-old, asymptomatic, repeat blood donor gave blood on July 15, 2007. An investigation of all recipients of his blood products was initiated after he informed the blood bank that he had had a fever the day after donation. The stored serum sample was positive for dengue virus type 2, as ascertained by means of a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay.2 The recipient . . .
Travel Medicine Considerations for North American Immigrants Visiting Friends and Relatives
Authors: Nina Bacaner
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextIn the United States, 10% of the population was born outside of its borders. Immigrants and their children frequently return to visit their homeland, referred to as visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). They account for a disproportionately high volume of international travel.Evidence AcquisitionSearches of MEDLINE, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Society of Travel Medicine, and American Society of Tropical Medicine computerized databases, conference proceedings and abstracts, US Census Bureau, bibliographies of pertinent articles, and travel medicine texts. Priority was given to recent (1996-2003) evidence, addressing VFR travelers. General sources including travel medicine and immigrant health were also used.Evidence SynthesisImmigrants visiting friends and relatives experience excessive rates of travel-related morbidity and mortality. Lack of pretravel care is common due to patient and clinician barriers to care, preexisting health beliefs, and incomplete childhood vaccinations. Travel patterns increase risk with VFRs traveling to high-risk destinations. Susceptibility to infectious and noninfectious illnesses is often increased because of multiple preexisting medical problems and extremes of age. Infectious diseases differ in etiology and magnitude from those of traditional travelers. For example with malaria, VFRs are frequently prescribed inappropriate prophylaxis or take none at all, have longer stays, spend time in high-risk areas, and do not appropriately adhere to chemoprophylaxis regimens. Effective pretravel health advice, guidelines, and services for this high-risk population are essential. There are already a number of useful and readily available databases that may aid clinicians in providing optimal travel-related preventive and therapeutic care.ConclusionsImmigrants who are visitors of friends and relatives in other countries account for a high volume of international travelers and are at markedly increased risk of travel-related illness. New strategies are needed to properly address the needs of VFR travelers. Pretravel services should be convenient, accessible, affordable, culturally competent, and if possible, located within clinics serving immigrant populations. Clinicians caring for VFRs should be knowledgeable about their travel-related risks and have access to regularly updated, detailed pretravel health information.
A case of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with hyperplasia of salivary and Brunner's glands
Authors: B. S. Jones, J. J. O'Hagan, D. N. Phear, E. Sheville
Journal: Gut (1970)

A case is reported showing enlargement of the salivary gland with hypersecretion and Brunner9s gland hyperplasia in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastric hypersecretion and diarrhoea were prominent, but there was no peptic ulceration.
"Twin" intracranial aneurysms.
Authors: P J Wilson, I P Cast
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Two commercial agar media for the cultivation of anaerobes were compared with four other media for their ability to support the growth of a wide range of anaerobes from clinical specimens of subgingival plaque. Fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA, Lab M) and anaerobe agar (GAA, Gibco) allowed better growth of the pure cultures than the other media. FAA recovered the highest numbers of bacteria from subgingival plaque specimens which were composed predominantly of anaerobes. GAA performed poorly with these samples. It is concluded that FAA seemed to be superior to the other media tested for the cultivation and recovery of anaerobes.
MicroRNA-10a is involved in the metastatic process by regulating Eph tyrosine kinase receptor A4-Mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and adhesion in hepatoma cells*
Authors: Yan Yan, Yue-Chen Luo, Hai-Ying Wan, Jun Wang, Pei-Pei Zhang, Min Liu, Xin Li, Shengping Li, Hua Tang
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with the development of cancers. However, the function of miRNAs in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely undefined. Here we found that overexpression of miR-10a promoted the migration and invasion of QGY-7703 and HepG2 cells in vitro but suppressed metastasis in vivo . Cell adhesion assays showed that miR-10a suppressed HCC cell-matrix adhesion, which could explain the results of the in vivo animal experiments. The Eph tyrosine kinase receptor, EphA4 , was identified as the direct and functional target gene of miR-10a. Knockdown of EphA4 phenocopied the effect of miR-10a and ectopic expression of EphA4 restored the effect of miR-10a on migration, invasion, and adhesion in HCC cells. We further demonstrated that miR-10a and EphA4 regulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and the β1-integrin pathway to affect cell invasion and adhesion. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of miR-10a in regulating the metastatic properties of HCC by directly targeting EphA4 and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor- on Muscle-Protein Turnover in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: M. Llovera, F. J. Lopez-Soriano, J. M. Argiles
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : Many cancer patients experience a wasting syndrome (cachexia) characterized by weight loss and abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Recent experimental studies suggest that the development of cancer cachexia involves the host's production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Purpose : Our goal was to evaluate in rats the effects of an 8-day TNF-α treatment on overall protein metabolism in the liver, diaphragm, heart, and hind-leg muscles. Methods : Four experimental groups corresponding to specific tissues (liver, diaphragm, heart, and hind-leg muscles) in female Wistar rats (100–150 g) were studied. Each group consisted of 25 TNF-α-treated and 25 control female Wistar rats. The TNF-α-treated rats were given intraperitoneal injections of recombinant-derived human TNF-α (0.5 mL) that was administered in two daily injections of 50 μg/kg (total dose of 100 μg/kg perday) for 8 days. Control animals followed the same injection schedule as the treatment group and received 0.5 mL of physiological saline instead of TNF-α. All rats were radioactively labeled with NaH 14 CO 3 24 hours prior to TNF-α treatment. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days during TNF-α treatment, five rats per group were killed to measure the radioactive decay of labeled protein in specific tissues in order to estimate fractional protein turnover. During necropsy, the liver, hind-leg muscles (soleus muscle analyzed separately on 8th day only), heart, and diaphragm were rapidly weighed, and each was homogenized. Total protein content and total DNA were also determined. Total protein radioactivity and specific protein radioactivity (per milligram of protein) were evaluated for liver, diaphragm, heart, and hindleg muscles. Radioactivity was counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Fractional rates of protein synthesis, protein degradation, total protein, and protein accumulation or loss were calculated. Results : The TNF-α treatment administered to female Wistar rats for 8 days resulted in a transient decrease in food intake and body weight 24 hours after the beginning of the TNF-α treatment. In all types of tissues studied, TNF-α treatment resulted in increases in both the protein synthesis and protein degradation, with a greater increase in the protein degradation that resulted in a reduced protein accumulation following TNF-α treatment. This reduction in protein accumulation was directly associated with a decreased soleus muscle mass on day 8 of the treatment. Conclusions : Data suggest that TNF-α enhances muscle degradation in experimental situations where body weight loss is not apparent. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1334–1339, 1993]