tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated Plasma Levels of Neuropeptide Proenkephalin A Predict Mortality and Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wolfram Doehner, Stephan von Haehling, Jennifer Suhr, Nicole Ebner, Andreas Schuster, Eike Nagel, Arthur Melms, Thomas Wurster, Konstantinos Stellos, Meinrad Gawaz, Boris Bigalke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Endothelium-Specific GTP Cyclohydrolase I Overexpression Attenuates Blood Pressure Progression in Salt-Sensitive Low-Renin Hypertension
Authors: Yan-Hua Du, Yong-Yuan Guan, Nicholas J. Alp, Keith M. Channon, Alex F. Chen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). When BH4 levels are decreased, eNOS becomes uncoupled to produce superoxide anion (O2(-)) instead of NO, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension is characterized by a suppressed plasma renin level due to sodium retention but manifests in eNOS uncoupling; however, how endogenous BH4 regulates blood pressure is unknown. GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I) is the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis. This study tested the hypothesis that endothelium-specific GTPCH I overexpression retards the progression of hypertension through preservation of the structure and function of resistance mesenteric arteries.During 3 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment, arterial blood pressure was increased significantly in wild-type mice, as determined by radiotelemetry, but this increase was attenuated in transgenic mice with endothelium-specific GTPCH I overexpression (Tg-GCH). Arterial GTPCH I activity and BH4 levels were decreased significantly in wild-type DOCA-salt mice, but both were preserved in Tg-GCH mice despite DOCA-salt treatment. Significant remodeling of resistance mesenteric arteries (approximately 100-microm outside diameter) in wild-type DOCA-salt mice exists, evidenced by increased medial cross-sectional area, media thickness, and media-lumen ratio and overexpression of tenascin C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that contributes to hypertrophic remodeling; all of these effects were prevented in DOCA-salt-treated Tg-GCH mice. Furthermore, NO-mediated relaxation in mesenteric arteries was significantly improved in DOCA-salt-treated Tg-GCH mice, in parallel with reduced O2(-) levels. Finally, phosphorylation of eNOS at serine residue 1177 (eNOS-S1177), but not its dimer-monomer ratio, was decreased significantly in wild-type DOCA-salt mice compared with sham controls but was preserved in DOCA-salt-treated Tg-GCH mice.These results demonstrate that endothelium-specific GTPCH I overexpression abrogates O2(-) production and preserves eNOS phosphorylation, which results in preserved structural and functional integrity of resistance mesenteric arteries and lowered blood pressure in low-renin hypertension.
Tinea capitis in two elderly women: transmission at the hairdresser
Authors: A. Takwale, S. Agarwal, S.C. Holmes, J. Berth-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Tinea capitis in two elderly women: transmission at the hairdresser Get access A. Takwale, A. Takwale George Eliot Hospital, College Street, Nuneaton CV10 7JD, U.K. Dr A.Takwale, MD, Research Registrar. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Agarwal, S. Agarwal George Eliot Hospital, College Street, Nuneaton CV10 7JD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. Holmes, S.C. Holmes George Eliot Hospital, College Street, Nuneaton CV10 7JD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Berth‐Jones J. Berth‐Jones George Eliot Hospital, College Street, Nuneaton CV10 7JD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 898–900, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04154.x Published: 01 April 2001
Long-term Fatty Fish Consumption and Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence in Women
Authors: Alicja Wolk, Susanna C. Larsson, Jan-Erik Johansson, Peter Ekman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextThe epidemiological evidence that fatty fish consumption may be associated with the lower risk of several cancers is not consistent and no studies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exist.Objective To examine the association between fatty and lean fish consumption and risk of RCC in women. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based prospective cohort study of 61 433 women aged 40 to 76 years without previous diagnosis of cancer at baseline (March 1, 1987-December 14, 1990).Participants filled in a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and in September 1997. Main Outcome Measure Incident renal cell carcinoma.Results During a mean of 15.3 years (940 357 person-years) of follow-up between 1987 and 2004, 150 incident RCC cases were diagnosed.After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse association of fatty fish consumption with the risk of RCC was found (P for trend=.02),but no association was found with lean fish consumption.Compared with no consumption, the multivariate rate ratio (RR) was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.91)for women eating fatty fish once a week or more.Compared with women consistently reporting no fish consumption, the multivariate RR was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10-0.67)for those women reporting consistent consumption of fatty fish at baseline and 1997 (based on a subset of 36 664 women who filled in the baseline and 1997 questionnaires, with 40 incident RCC cases during the 1998-2004 follow-up period). ConclusionOur study suggests that consumption of fatty fish may reduce the occurrence of RCC in women.
Charles Mackintosh Flood
Authors: R. Flood
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former chief medical officer for Scotland and an expert on the classification of mental disorders Bob Kendell was a seminal figure in the classification of mental disorders, in a way that deepened understanding.He earned international acclaim as an outstanding writer, a master of logical thinking, and a fine researcher.He decided on psychiatry early in his career and his doctoral thesis argued that there were several types of depressive illness, identifiable with systematically gathered clinical information.His 1975 book The Role of Diagnosis in Psychiatry remains a classic.He made important contributions to mental illnesses of pregnancy, addiction, schizophrenia, hysteria, lithium therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy, showing that the latter was undervalued, and unfairly depicted in the film One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest.He took a double first in natural sciences at Cambridge before doing his clinical training in London.After house jobs at Queen Square and the Brompton, he did his specialist training at the Maudsley, moving to an academic career at the Institute of Psychiatry.During this time he joined a major international study of psychiatric diagnosis.This applied structured interview techniques to areas where they had been absent.Diagnoses were generated according to specified and logical rules.The World Health Organization international pilot study of schizophrenia and many other studies have been based on the principles established in that project.In 1970, following a year as visiting professor of psychiatry in Vermont, he moved to Edinburgh as reader in psychiatry, becoming professor four years later.From 1986 to 1990 he was dean of medicine at the university, supervising the medical school's expansion.After a further year as professor he was
Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Hospitality Venues in Europe
Authors: Maria J. Lopez, Manel Nebot, Marco Albertini, Pierre Birkui, Francesc Centrich, Monika Chudzikova, Maria Georgouli, Giuseppe Gorini, Hanns Moshammer, Maurice Mulcahy, Maria Pilali, Eulalia Serrahima, Piotr Tutka, Esteve Fernandez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAlthough in the last few years some European countries have implemented smoking bans in hospitality venues, the levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) in this occupational sector could still be extremely high in most countries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess exposure to SHS in hospitality venues in 10 European cities.MethodsWe included 167 hospitality venues (58 discotheques and pubs, 82 restaurants and cafeterias, and 27 fast-food restaurants) in this cross-sectional study. We carried out fieldwork in 10 European cities: Vienna (Austria), Paris (France), Athens (Greece), Florence and Belluno (Italy), Galway (Ireland), Barcelona (Spain), Warsaw and Lublin (Poland), and Bratislava (Slovak Republic). We measured vapor-phase nicotine as an SHS marker.ResultsWe analyzed 504 samples and found nicotine in most samples (97.4%). We found the highest median concentrations in discos/pubs [32.99 μg/m3; interquartile range (IQR), 8.06–66.84 μg/m3] and lower median concentrations in restaurants/cafeterias (2.09 μg/m3; IQR, 0.49–6.73 μg/m3) and fast-food restaurants (0.31 μg/m3; IQR, 0.11–1.30 μg/m3) (p < 0.05). We found differences of exposure between countries that may be related to their smoking regulations. Where we sampled smoking and nonsmoking areas, nicotine concentrations were significantly lower in nonsmoking areas.ConclusionsHospitality venues from European cities without smoking regulations have very high levels of SHS exposure. Monitoring of SHS on a regular basis as well as a total smoking ban in hospitality sector would be needed.
Association of hepatitis A virus infection with allergic sensitization in a population with high prevalence of hepatitis A virus exposure
Authors: A. Gonzalez‐Quintela, F. Gude, O. Boquete, A. Aguilera, J. Rey, L. M. Meijide, M. C. Fernandez‐Merino, C. Vidal
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: An inverse association between allergic sensitization and markers of exposure to food‐borne and orofecal infections (particularly hepatitis A virus, HAV) has been reported. The prevalence of HAV exposure and allergic sensitization vary widely in different areas, and vary along with age within a given area. Aim: To investigate the association between HAV exposure and allergic sensitization in adults from a mostly rural area of Spain. Methods: An age‐stratified random sample of 720 subjects was drawn from the population older than 18 years of A‐Estrada, Spain. From 697 eligible subjects, 469 (67.2%, median age 54 years, range: 18–92) participated in the study. Positive skin prick tests to a panel of aeroallergens defined allergic sensitization. Positive serum HAV antibodies (assayed in 465 subjects) defined HAV exposure. Results: The prevalence of HAV exposure was 83.6% (95% CI: 80.7–86.5). The prevalence of allergic sensitization was lower in subjects with HAV exposure than in patients without it (25.0% vs 40.0%, OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.77, P = 0.004), but this association became substantially altered after adjusting for age, which was closely linked to both allergic sensitization and HAV exposure (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.60–2.19, P = 0.66). Conclusions: In a population with high prevalence of HAV exposure, no significant association between HAV exposure and allergic sensitization is observed after controlling for the confounding effect of age.
Inhibition of cold insolubility of an IgA cryoglobulin by decanedicarboxylic acid and related compounds
Authors: Parviz Lalezari, Mahendra Kumar, Kalpana M. Kumar, Christine Lawrence
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Cold insolubility of a serum IgA cryoimmunoglobulin was found to be inhibited by the addition of 1.5 mM sodium decanedicarboxylate in vitro. The patient with the cryoglobulin had advanced multiple myeloma complicated by severe hyperviscosity that caused lethargy and episodic loss of consciousness. Decanedicarboxylic acid administered orally resulted in transient relief of symptoms and the loss of cryoprecipitability of the paraprotein. Further in vitro studies revealed that sodium salts of long‐chain monocarboxylic acids with a minimum of eight carbons, and dicarboxylic acids with a minimum of 12 carbons inhibited cryoprecipitation. Salts of short‐chain carboxylic acids, by contrast, enhanced cryoprecipitation. Sodium phenolate and sodium salts of benzoic acid, 2,4‐DNP, phenylpropionic acid, and salicylic acid were also inhibitory. These latter compounds, which have a ring structure, did not cause precipitation at any concentration. It was demonstrated that the presence of a free carboxylic group was required for these activities; conversion of carboxylic acid to amide resulted in the loss of both the inhibitory and cryoprecipitation‐enhancing effects. Normal plasma, or plasma from five other patients who had IgG, IgM, or mixed‐type cryoglobulinemia, were not affected by any of these compounds. It is suggested that in selected cases of hyperviscosity syndrome associated with cryoglobulinemia, some of these compounds, especially monocarboxylic acids with appropriate chain lengths, or those with a ring structure, may have therapeutic applications.
A gene for Stargardt's disease (fundus flavimaculatus) maps to the short arm of chromosome 1
Authors: Josseline Kaplan, Sylvie Gerber, Dominique Larget-Piet, Jean-Michel Rozet, Hélène Dollfus, Jean-Louis Dufier, Sylvie Odent, Anne Postel-Vinay, Nicolas Janin, Marie-Louise Briard, Jean Frézal, Arnold Munnich
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
The Effectiveness of β-Blockers After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: David S.H. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

In the September 2005 issue of Diabetes Care , McDonald et al. (1) showed that β-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) was not associated with reduced mortality or fewer recurrent events in people with type 2 diabetes in routine practice. This contrasted with studies performed before intervention with drugs such …
Adenosine: an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil-mediated injury to endothelial cells.
Authors: B N Cronstein, R I Levin, J Belanoff, G Weissmann, R Hirschhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Since adenosine and its analogue 2-chloroadenosine prevent neutrophils from generating superoxide anion in response to chemoattractants, we sought to determine whether these agents could inhibit neutrophil-mediated injury of endothelial cells. The chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 0.1 microM) enhanced the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells twofold (18 +/- 2% vs. 39 +/- 3% adherence, P less than 0.001) and caused substantial neutrophil-mediated injury to endothelial cells (2 +/- 2% vs. 39 +/- 4% cytotoxicity, P less than 0.001). 2-Chloroadenosine (10 microM) not only inhibited the adherence of stimulated neutrophils by 60% (24 +/- 2% adherence, P less than 0.001) but also diminished the cytotoxicity by 51% (20 +/- 4% cytotoxicity, P less than 0.002). Furthermore, depletion of endogenously released adenosine from the medium by adenosine deaminase-enhanced injury to endothelial cells by stimulated neutrophils (from 39 +/- 4% to 69 +/- 3% cytotoxicity, P less than 0.001). Indeed, in the presence of adenosine deaminase, even unstimulated neutrophils injured endothelial cells (19 +/- 4% vs. 2 +/- 2% cytotoxicity, P less than 0.001). These data indicate that engagement of adenosine receptors prevents both the adhesion of neutrophils and the injury they cause to endothelial cells. Adenosine inhibits injury provoked not only by cells that have been stimulated by chemoattractants but also by unstimulated cells. Based on this model of acute vascular damage we suggest that adenosine is not only a potent vasodilator, but plays the additional role of protecting vascular endothelium from damage by neutrophils.
Transcriptional regulation of <i>Foxp3</i> gene: Multiple signal pathways on the road
Authors: Zhu Shen, Ling Chen, Fei Hao, Jinjin Wu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Foxp3, forkhead/winged helix transcription factor 3, is a master transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory T cells. Foxp3 has been proved to be associated with immunoregulation, autoimmune diseases, infections, and tumor immune evasion/escape. Foxp3 regulates other critical gene transcriptions. However, the mechanism how the transcription of Foxp3 itself is regulated remains partly clear. In this article, we provided an overview of the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of Foxp3 gene, including signaling pathways initiated by TCR, IL‐2R/STAT pathway, TGF‐β/Smad pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, Notch signal pathway, IFN/IRF and IFN/nitric oxide axis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Some therapeutic agents on Foxp3 regulation were also reviewed. Points for attention in further study of Foxp3 transcription regulation, such as the combinations/cross‐talks, the bi‐directional functions, and species specificity of these pathways, were discussed as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 5, 742–766, 2009
Gene expression of vitamin D hydroxylase and megalin in the remnant kidney of nephrectomized rats
Authors: Fumi Takemoto, Toshimasa Shinki, Keitaro Yokoyama, Taketoshi Inokami, Shigeko Hara, Akira Yamada, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Shunya Uchida
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Regional Cerebral Hyperperfusion and Nitric Oxide Pathway Dysregulation in Fabry Disease
Authors: David F. Moore, Leland T.C. Scott, Mark T. Gladwin, Gheona Altarescu, Christine Kaneski, Kinuko Suzuki, Meg Pease-Fye, Raymond Ferri, Roscoe O. Brady, Peter Herscovitch, Raphael Schiffmann
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal deficiency of α-galactosidase A that results in cellular accumulation of galacto-conjugates such as globotriosylceramide, particularly in blood vessels. It is associated with early-onset stroke and kidney and heart failure. Methods and Results Using [ 15 O] H 2 O and PET, we found increased resting regional cerebral blood flow in Fabry disease without evidence of occlusive vasculopathy or cerebral hypoperfusion. Because nitric oxide is known to play an important role in vascular tone and reactivity, we studied plasma nitrate, nitrite, and low-molecular-weight S -nitrosothiol levels by chemiluminescence. Skin biopsy specimens and archived brain tissue were also examined immunohistochemically for nitrotyrosine. Plasma nitrate, nitrite, and low-molecular-weight S -nitrosothiol were in the normal range; however, enhanced nitrotyrosine staining was observed in dermal and cerebral blood vessels. After a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of α-galactosidase A therapy, the resting regional cerebral blood flow in the treated group was significantly reduced, with a notable decrease of nitrotyrosine staining in dermal blood vessels. Conclusions These findings suggest a chronic alteration of the nitric oxide pathway in Fabry disease, with critical protein nitration that is reversible with enzyme replacement therapy.
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (Louis-Bar Syndrome) with Prominent Sinopulmonary Disease
Authors: Walter M. Teller
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A baby girl, normal at birth, manifested abnormalities of gait and persistent watery nasal discharge before the age of 2 years. At that age a chronic cough appeared, and pulmonary symptoms predominated until the age of 7. Thereafter, dysfunctions of the central nervous system predominated and progressed so that at the age of 9 she was unable to write, walk, or feed herself. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were opaque, and roentgenograms of the thorax showed bilateral pneumonitis and partial collapse of the right middle lobe. Telangiectases were present in the conjunctivae of both eyes. A review of 28 similar cases reported by other authors yielded no explanation of the relationship among these abnormalities of the eyes, cerebellum, lungs, and nasal accessory sinuses.
Personalized Medicine for Patients with Advanced Cancer in the Phase I Program at MD Anderson: Validation and Landmark Analyses
Authors: Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou, Sijin Wen, David S. Hong, Jennifer J. Wheler, Gerald S. Falchook, Siqing Fu, Sarina Piha-Paul, Aung Naing, Filip Janku, Kenneth Aldape, Yang Ye, Razelle Kurzrock, Donald Berry
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm our previous results that targeted agents matched with tumor molecular alterations were associated with improved outcomes compared with nonmatched therapy in patients with advanced cancer. Experimental Design: Outcomes of patients who were referred for treatment on phase I clinical trials at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) from March 2011 to January 2012 were compared between those who had received targeted therapy and those for whom no targeted therapy was available. Two-month landmark analyses for overall and progression-free survival (PFS) combining previously published and validation cohort patient data were performed. Results: In patients with one alteration, matched therapy (n = 143) compared with treatment without matching (n = 236) was associated with a higher objective response rate (12% vs. 5%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), longer PFS (median, 3.9 vs. 2.2 months; P = 0.001), and longer survival (median, 11.4 vs. 8.6 months; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, matched therapy was an independent factor predicting response (P &amp;lt; 0.015) and PFS (P &amp;lt; 0.004). Two-month landmark analyses in the matched therapy group demonstrated that the median survival of responders was 30.5 months compared with 11.3 months for nonresponders (P = 0.01); and the median PFS was 38.7 months compared with 5.9 months, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The respective values in the nonmatched therapy group were 9.8 and 9.4 months (P = 0.46) and 8.5 and 4.2 months (P = 0.18). Conclusion: This validation analysis confirms our previous observations. In the matched therapy group, 2-month landmark analyses demonstrated that responders have longer survival and PFS than nonresponders. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4827–36. ©2014 AACR.
Circulating Collagen Biomarkers as Indicators of Disease Severity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Zeenat Safdar, Emilio Tamez, Wenyaw Chan, Basant Arya, Yimin Ge, Anita Deswal, Biykem Bozkurt, Adaani Frost, Mark Entman
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The goal of this study was to determine if biomarkers of collagen metabolism in PAH identify patients with worse disease and higher risk of death.The relationship between circulating markers of collagen metabolism, degree of disease severity, and outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown.Patients with stable idiopathic, anorexigen-associated, and hereditary PAH were prospectively enrolled. Levels of the following collagen biomarkers were measured: N-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe PAH groups. Data were compared between tertiles of each biomarker. Pearson correlation and Spearman rank coefficient analyses were performed. Data on time to death or transplantation were examined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Circulating levels of PIIINP, CITP, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were higher in the PAH group (n = 68) as compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 37) (p < 0.001 for each). PIIINP levels increased with the severity of disease (p = 0.002). PIIINP tertile data indicated that with increasing levels, 6-min walk distance and cardiac index decreased, World Health Organization functional classification worsened, and resting heart rate increased. A significant correlation existed between PIIINP levels and worsening World Health Organization functional classification (rs = 0.320; p < 0.01), and there was a negative correlation between cardiac index and 6-min walk distance (r = -0.304 and r = -0.362, respectively; p < 0.05). PIIINP tertiles showed a trend toward worse outcome in patients with higher tertiles (lung transplant or death) (p = 0.07; log-rank test).Markers of collagen metabolism were associated with worse disease in patients with PAH.