tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Climate Change, Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter, and Health Impacts
Authors: Kristie L. Ebi, Glenn McGregor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

ObjectiveBecause the state of the atmosphere determines the development, transport, dispersion, and deposition of air pollutants, there is concern that climate change could affect morbidity and mortality associated with elevated concentrations of these gases and fine particles. We review how climate change could affect future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM), and what changing concentrations could mean for population health.Data sourcesWe review studies projecting the impacts of climate change on air quality and studies projecting the impacts of these changes on morbidity and mortality.Data synthesisClimate change could affect local to regional air quality through changes in chemical reaction rates, boundary layer heights that affect vertical mixing of pollutants, and changes in synoptic airflow patterns that govern pollutant transport. Sources of uncertainty include the degree of future climate change, future emissions of air pollutants and their precursors, and how population vulnerability may change in the future. Given these uncertainties, projections suggest that climate change will increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone, at least in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, which would increase morbidity and mortality. Few projections are available for low- and middle-income countries. The evidence is less robust for PM, primarily because few studies have been conducted.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to better understand the possible impacts of climate change on air pollution–related health impacts. If improved models continue to project higher ozone concentrations with climate change, then reducing greenhouse gas emissions would enhance the health of current and future generations.
HIV-Infected Organ Transplants
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Artist of Medicine
Authors: Jessie T. Kittle
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The neural bases of recollection and familiarity: Preliminary tests of the Aggleton–Brown mode
Authors: Alan D. Pickering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Aggleton &amp; Brown suggest that whereas familiarity is computed in perirhinal cortex, the hippocampus contributes to recollection. This account raises issues about the definition of amnesia, clarifies confusion about dual-process models of recognition, and sits comfortably with accounts of hippocampal function from outside the amnesia literature. The model can – and should – be tested. Some preliminary data suggest that it may need changes.
Bone Marrow Scintigraphy and MRI in a Patient with Osteopetrosis
Authors: NOBUAKI OTSUKA, MASAO FUKUNAGA, SHIMATO ONO, KOICHI MORITA, KIYOHISA NAGAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Bone marrow scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging were performed on a 17-year-old girl with osteopetrosis for the evaluation of anemia. Bone marrow scintigraphy with ln-111 chloride showed poor accumulation in the central marrow and peripheral expansion. On magnetic resonance imaging, T1 and T2 weighted images showed markedly low signal intensities from the marrow. Both bone marrow scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging appear to be useful in evaluating hematopoiesis in osteopetrosis.
P4-09-17: Leptin and Adiponectin Expression in Breast Cancer.
Authors: Y-J Jeong, H-Y Jeong, J-G Bong, S-H Park, J-H Choi, H-K Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Several adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, are associated with obesity and breast cancer. Multiple studies have indicated that adipocytokines may significantly influence the growth and proliferation of tumors. However, the relationship between adipocytokines and breast cancer invasiveness has not been investigated in human tissue. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of leptin, leptin receptor (ObR), adiponectin and adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) in human breast cancer, to evaluate their prognostic significance in the breast cancer. Material and Methods: Specimens from 198 patients with primary breast cancer were enrolled, and representative paraffin tumor blocks were selected for constructing tissue microarrarys (TMA). Immunohistochemical staining for leptin, ObR, adiponectin, and AdipoR was performed using TMA, and the clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated from the patient's medical records. Results: Stage 0 breast cancer accounted for 41 cases, and 157 cases were invasive cancer. A univariate analysis showed that positive rates of leptin and ObR expression in the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) group were significantly higher than those of the invasive cancer group (97.4% vs. 34.0%, p&amp;lt;0.001; 74.4% vs. 29.8%, p&amp;lt;0.001). However, positive rates of adiponectin and AdipoR expression in the invasive cancer group were significantly higher than those in the DCIS group (53.7% vs. 33.3%, p=0.024; 59.9% vs. 26.3%, p&amp;lt;0.001). High leptin expression was significantly associated with high Ki-67 expression (p=0.016). High adiponectin expression was significantly correlated with smaller tumor size (p=0.001). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years were 89.3% and 96.7%, respectively. No difference in DFS and OS was observed based on leptin, ObR, adiponectin, AdipoR expression. Discussion: Previous studies, using serum of breast cancer patients or breast cancer cell line, revealed that leptin and ObR may affect processes related to cancer initiation and progression, and adiponectin has protective effect on tumor progression. However, the precise effects of leptin, ObR, adiponectin and AdipoR in breast cancer are still unclear. Our results suggest that losses of leptin and ObR expression could be associated with invasive cancer, whereas high adiponectin and AdipoR expression may be associated with breast cancer invasiveness. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-17.
Before I Say Goodbye C. Because Cowards Get Cancer Too
Authors: P. Keeley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ruth Picardie

Penguin, £5.99, pp 116

ISBN 0 140 27630 0

John Diamond

Vermillion, £9.99, pp 240

ISBN 0 09 181664 5

The door into the private world of those with cancer has opened in recent years with the development of a confessional form of writing, often born of journalism, in which the subject's experience of disease, especially life threatening disease, is the central narrative. This form represents a very public breaking of the taboos surrounding cancer and death.

In the Middle Ages, those who were terminally ill had the primers describing the Ars Moriendi —the art of dying well—to guide them through their last hours and the universal struggle with extinction. The modern patient with cancer has little but the warped images of the visual …
Perspectives in Surgery
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is an attractive, concise, lucid work on the alteration of physiology in surgical disorders. This alone would justify the use of the term "perspectives" but a second justification lies in Dr. Peterson's having ensheathed his didactic material within historical references. The Hippocratic oath and the Helsinki declaration on clinical research, reproduced on the cover leaves, and the liberal use of quotations from past and present great men are apparently intended to convey a sense of nobility to the calling of surgery. Most of the book deals with the major theme of surgical physiology, clearly brought up to date. The opening chapters outline systemic and local responses to injury. Inclusion of some pages on drugs and the embryo, and biogenic stimulators and cancer attest to the currency of his discussion. Systemic response is further detailed in sections on water-electrolyte balance, circulatory homeostasis, and nutritional balance. These matters are again considered
Extreme Prematurity — The Continuing Dilemma
Authors: Betty R. Vohr, Marilee Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The tremendous advances in perinatal and neonatal care that were made beginning in the 1970s and through the 1990s have contributed to the survival of infants as immature as 22 to 25 weeks of gestational age.14 According to current guidelines developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the use of neonatologists when counseling parents,5 it is considered appropriate not to initiate resuscitation for infants younger than 23 weeks of gestational age or those whose birth weight is less than 400 g, given the dismal prognosis for these infants. The involvement of the family is considered critical to the . . .
1165-105 Exercise training reduces vascular inflammation in patients with cardiovascular risk or disease
Authors: Alexander Niessner, Bernhard Richter, Martina Penka, Sabine Steiner, Barbara Strasser, Sophie Ziegler, Elke Heeb-Elze, Gerlinde Zorn, Angelika Leitner-Heinschink, Johann Wojta, Kurt Huber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Reduced Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G1 Increases Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jeremy P. Mauldin, Melissa H. Nagelin, Allison J. Wojcik, Suseela Srinivasan, Marcus D. Skaflen, Carlos R. Ayers, Coleen A. McNamara, Catherine C. Hedrick
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis. A pivotal event in the development of atherosclerosis is macrophage foam cell formation. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 regulate macrophage cholesterol efflux and hence play a vital role in macrophage foam cell formation. We have previously found that chronic elevated glucose reduces ABCG1 expression. In the present study, we examined whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had decreased ABCG1 and/or ABCA1, impaired cholesterol efflux, and increased macrophage foam cell formation.Blood was collected from patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, and cholesterol efflux assays, immunoblots, histological analysis, and intracellular cholesteryl ester measurements were performed. Macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a 30% reduction in cholesterol efflux with a corresponding 60% increase in cholesterol accumulation relative to control subjects. ABCG1 was present in macrophages from control subjects but was undetectable in macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, ABCA1 expression in macrophages was similar in both control subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Macrophage expression of ABCG1 in both patients and control subjects was induced by treatment with the liver X receptor agonist TO-901317. Upregulation of liver X receptor dramatically reduced foam cell formation in macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ABCG1 expression and cholesterol efflux are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This impaired ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux significantly correlates with increased intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Strategies to upregulate ABCG1 expression and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus could have therapeutic potential for limiting the accelerated vascular disease observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Increased Survival After Long-Term Treatment With Mibefradil, a Selective T-Channel Calcium Antagonist, in Heart Failure
Authors: Paul Mulder, PhD, Vincent Richard, PhD, Patricia Compagnon, Jean-Paul Henry, Françoise Lallemand, Jean-Paul Clozel, Robert Koen, Bertrand Macé, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
The role of renal hypoperfusion in development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats: reply to Ji et al.
Authors: Matthieu Legrand, Rick Bezemer, Can Ince
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)

Dear Editor,

We would like to thank Ji et al. [1] for their comments regarding our recently published study [2]. The authors raised two very interesting and relevant points of concern.

First, they point out that we might have missed the initial peak in TNF-α expression shortly after LPS infusion and therefore cannot conclude that neither immediate nor late fluid could prevent systemic inflammatory activation. However, although we may have missed the peak expression, we could still detect increased TNF-α levels at the end of our protocol group which evidently indicates that neither immediate nor late fluid resuscitation could completely prevent systemic inflammatory activation. Furthermore, plasma TNF-α may not accurately reflect TNF-α kinetics in tissue. For instance, Detmer et al. [3] found that TNF-α increased until 360 min after LPS exposure in smooth muscle cells. The kinetics of TNF-α release may also been modified by interaction of TNF-α with other cytokines. Andersson et al. [4] found a reciprocal functional relationship between cytokines with HMG-1 extending and amplifying the secretion of TNF-α. Thus, if anything, the point raised by Ji et al. does not preclude our conclusion. Nonetheless, we must acknowledge that the main aim of our study was not to investigate the whole picture of the LPS-induced cytokine response spectrum, but to investigate the role of LPS-induced hypotension and renal hypoperfusion in the development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction and systemic and renal inflammatory activation. The method we used fits this goal.

Second, Ji et al. raised concerns regarding the relatively small sample size. This might be a valid point here. However, although we can not exclude a lack of power, we believe that increasing the sample size would not show a different result with respect to the very similar TNF-α plasma levels in the immediately and delayed resuscitated groups. The authors also pointed out that there was a clerical error in the abstract of the article. For this we would like to apologize.

Finally, the authors state that the data presented in our study should be interpreted with some caution. Of course, as should the data presented in every study. Furthermore, the authors state that more research is needed. Again, we agree. Although we could explore the role of renal hypoperfusion in the development of renal microcirculatory failure, application of immediate fluid resuscitation is clinically impossible. Hence, future research could focus on developing therapeutic strategies protecting the renal microcirculation in endotoxemia, hemorrhage, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and other scenarios in which the kidney might suffer from hypoperfusion and inflammation.
Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: The utility of random capillary blood glucose measurements
Authors: Michael M Engelgau, Theodore J Thompson, Philip J Smith, William H Herman, Ronald E Aubert, Elaine W Gunter, Scott F Wetterhall, Edward S Sous, Mohamed A Ali
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

Because half of the people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are undiagnosed and because near-normal glycemic control can prevent diabetic complications, we evaluated the use of field-based random capillary blood glucose measurement as a screening test for NIDDM.A cross-sectional sample of 828 Egyptians > or = 20 years of age underwent both a random capillary blood glucose measurement performed with a portable reflectance meter in the field and an oral glucose tolerance test in the laboratory. The sensitivity and specificity of random capillary blood glucose measurements in predicting the presence of NIDDM were evaluated.Multivariate analyses showed that the screening test performed better when subjects had eaten shortly before the test (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.87 for a 1-h postprandial period compared with 0.69 for an 8-h postprandial period) and that the optimal capillary blood glucose cutoff points to define a positive test increased with age. For a postprandial period of 1 h, cutoff points of 115 mg/dl for individuals 30 years of age and 140 mg/dl for those 75 years of age yielded similar performance characteristics (sensitivity 82% and specificity 78% for those 30 years old; sensitivity 81% and specificity 80% for those 75 years old).Adjusting random capillary blood glucose measurements for the postprandial period and using age-specific cutoff point values can improve performance of the screening test.
Varicella Vaccine and Shingles
Authors: M. Brisson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Treatment of Congestive Heart FailureTo the Editor: In their Scientific Review article about treatment of advanced heart failure, Dr Nohria and colleagues 1 do not discuss relief of dyspnea by administration of low-dose narcotics. 2 The literature in hospice and palliative care has numerous citations about the usefulness of narcotics for palliation of symptoms. 2-4I have found that some patients have dramatic relief of their symptoms and commonly ask why previous physicians did not offer this simple treatment with its dramatic results.Patient and family education about disease management along with successful advance planning allows patients with advanced heart failure to be treated effectively at home.As a final note, since advanced heart disease is a fatal illness, I also encourage physicians to initiate discussions about advance care planning to ensure that patients receive care that is consistent with their wishes.
Just how demanding can we get before we blow it?
Authors: H. Bastian
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I don't remember exactly how I learned to be a “good patient.” I can't remember which was more powerful—the examples of my mother's behaviour and that of others in the waiting room or hospital, or the instructions to “Be good, to not complain about pain, to not take too much of these important people's time.” I do remember learning clearly that part of being “good” at the doctor's was to say whatever he or she wanted to hear. At the doctor's, it wasn't lying—it was making a good impression, and that was what mattered. It mattered especially at the hospital—you had to make sure they liked you, so you got better care and didn't wait so long. We were a family of “lower socioeconomic status” and “non-English speaking background,” and the most important thing was to nod and say “Yes, doctor” no matter how mystified you were—and no matter how far-fetched the advice was in terms of our “social context.” “Getting plenty of rest?” “Yes, doctor.”

I was a child in the 1960s. In the 1980s, when I became a health consumer advocate, at first I jumped into the active, rights driven, approach so clearly described by several writers in this issue. But there was always …
Evidence for induction of oxidative stress caused by chronic exposure of Chinese residents to arsenic contained in drinking water.
Authors: Jingbo Pi, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Yoshito Kumagai, Guifan Sun, Takahiko Yoshida, Hiroyuki Aikawa, Claudia Hopenhayn-Rich, Nobuhiro Shimojo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Exposure of experimental animals or cultured cells to arsenic induces oxidative stress, but, to date, no examination of this phenomenon in humans has been reported. In this study we conducted a cross-sectional study in Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia, China, to explore the relationship between chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water and oxidative stress in humans. Thirty-three inhabitants who had been drinking tube-well water with high concentrations of inorganic arsenic (mean value = 0.41 mg/L) for about 18 years constituted the high-exposure group, and 10 residents who lived nearby but were exposed to much lower concentrations of arsenic in their drinking water (mean value = 0.02 mg/L) were selected as the low-exposure comparison group. Results of the present study indicated that although the activity for superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood did not differ significantly between the two groups, the mean serum level of lipid peroxides (LPO) was significantly higher among the high-exposed compared with the low-exposed group. Elevated serum LPO concentrations were correlated with blood levels of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites. In addition, they showed an inverse correlation with nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in whole blood. The subjects in the high-arsenic-exposure group had mean blood NPSH levels 57.6% lower than those in the low-exposure group. Blood NPSH levels were inversely correlated with the concentrations of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in blood and with the ratio of monomethylarsenic to inorganic arsenic. These results provide evidence that chronic exposure to arsenic from drinking water in humans results in induction of oxidative stress, as indicated by the reduction in NPSH and the increase in LPO. Some possible mechanisms for the arsenic-induced oxidative stress are discussed.