tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
USE OF POWDERED CRYSTALLINE SULFANILAMIDE IN SURGERY
Authors: R. Sterling Mueller
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Nov. 16, 1940 issue ofThe Journal, the local use of sulfanilamide is discussed in an editorial. Reference was made of its use in solution as a direct irrigation of the wound in cases of combined abdominoperineal or posterior resection of the rectum. During the past year at the Roosevelt Hospital we have been using the powdered crystalline sulfanilamide directly in the peritoneal cavity at the time of operation. On Jan. 10, 1940 I used the crystalline drug locally in the peritoneal cavity in a critical case of diffuse peritonitis due to a ruptured appendix. Shortly after the recovery of this patient, its local peritoneal use became routine at Roosevelt Hospital in cases of abdominal infection and it was used also prophylactically in certain types of intestinal resection. To date 175 patients have been treated in this manner with excellent results. Of the 175 cases
Renal resistance to parathyroid hormone during phosphorus deprivation.
Authors: T H Steele, B A Stromberg, J L Underwood, C A Larmore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Because previous studies have demonstrated that renal inorganic phosphate reabsorption is enhanced in rats after dietary phosphorus deprivation, we studied the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) upon inorganic phosphate reabsorption in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats stabilized on a low phosphorus diet to determine if the phosphaturic response to PTH is impaired during phosphorous depletion. Acutely thyroparathyroidectomized phosphorus-deprived rats responded only minimally to PTH, whereas similarly prepared animals stabilized on a high phosphorus diet exhibited a large phosphaturic response. Base-line urinary cyclic AMP values and PTH-induced increases in cyclic AMP excretion were similar in both groups. In other experiments, dibutyryl cyclic AMP elicited a greatly diminished phosphaturic response in phosphorus-deprived rats, as compared to their high phosphorus counterparts. These results indicate that the renal phosphaturic responses to PTH and cyclic AMP are impaired during dietary phosphorus deprivation. The impaired phosphaturia would contribute to phosphorus conservation and to the replenishment of inorganic phosphate stores after phosphorus depletion.
Natural killer T cells expressing IFN‐γ and IL‐4 in lesional skin of atopic eczema
Authors: D. Simon, E. Kozlowski, H.‐U. Simon
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The inflammation of atopic eczema (AE) is orchestrated not only by T cells predominantly but also B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Recently, a role of invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells has been reported in bronchial asthma and allergy. Natural killer T cells express a restricted repertoire of T-cell receptor alpha/beta and produce interferon (IFN)-gamma and/or interleukin (IL)-4 upon activation.To determine the presence of NKT cells in lesional AE skin in comparison with other eczematous disorders and to analyse their cytokine expression.Immunofluorescence stainings were carried out using antibodies recognizing NKT cells, CD3+ and CD4+ cells, IFN-gamma and IL-4.Natural killer T cells have been detected in small numbers in the majority of AE specimens as well as in atopy patch test (APT) reactions, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). In AE, the proportion of NKT cells among CD3+ cells was approximately 5%. NKT cells expressed both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in AE, APT and ACD but predominantly IFN-gamma in ICD.Natural killer T cells are part of the inflammatory infiltrate of AE as well as APT, ACD and ICD, suggesting a pathogenic role of NKT cells in eczematous skin disorders. The pattern of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine expression by NKT cells varied depending on the type of eczematous disease.
Prolongation and enhancement of the anti-apoptotic effects of PTD-Hsp27 fusion proteins using an injectable thermo-reversible gel in a rat myocardial infarction model
Authors: Young-Wook Won, Jang-Kyung Kim, Min-Ji Cha, Ki-Chul Hwang, Donghoon Choi, Yong-Hee Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Incidence of Hospitalized Rhabdomyolysis in Patients Treated With Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: David J. Graham, Judy A. Staffa, Deborah Shatin, Susan E. Andrade, Stephanie D. Schech, Lois La Grenade, Jerry H. Gurwitz, K. Arnold Chan, Michael J. Goodman, Richard Platt
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Lipid-lowering agents are widely prescribed in the United States. Reliable estimates of rhabdomyolysis risk with various lipid-lowering agents are not available.To estimate the incidence of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with different statins and fibrates, alone and in combination, in the ambulatory setting.Drug-specific inception cohorts of statin and fibrate users were established using claims data from 11 managed care health plans across the United States. Patients with at least 180 days of prior health plan enrollment were entered into the cohorts between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 2001. Person-time was classified as monotherapy or combined statin-fibrate therapy.Incidence rates of rhabdomyolysis per 10,000 person-years of treatment, number needed to treat, and relative risk of rhabdomyolysis.In 252,460 patients treated with lipid-lowering agents, 24 cases of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis occurred during treatment. Average incidence per 10,000 person-years for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.84); for cerivastatin, 5.34 (95% CI, 1.46-13.68); and for fibrate, 2.82 (95% CI, 0.58-8.24). By comparison, the incidence during unexposed person-time was 0 (95% CI, 0-0.48; P = .056). The incidence increased to 5.98 (95% CI, 0.72-216.0) for combined therapy of atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin with a fibrate, and to 1035 (95% CI, 389-2117) for combined cerivastatin-fibrate use. Per year of therapy, the number needed to treat to observe 1 case of rhabdomyolysis was 22,727 for statin monotherapy, 484 for older patients with diabetes mellitus who were treated with both a statin and fibrate, and ranged from 9.7 to 12.7 for patients who were treated with cerivastatin plus fibrate.Rhabdomyolysis risk was similar and low for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin; combined statin-fibrate use increased risk, especially in older patients with diabetes mellitus. Cerivastatin combined with fibrate conferred a risk of approximately 1 in 10 treated patients per year.
<i>S</i> -Nitrosoglutathione Reduces the Rate of Embolization in Humans
Authors: Jane Molloy, John F. Martin, Paul A. Baskerville, Simon C. A. Fraser, Hugh S. Markus
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Antiplatelet agents presently used in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease fail to prevent the majority of cases of recurrent stroke and systemic embolization. An evaluation of the efficacy of new agents is hampered by a lack of in vivo models in humans. Asymptomatic cerebral embolic signals (ES) may be detected with the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. These signals are particularly common after carotid endarterectomy, and this provides a situation in which new antiplatelet agents can be evaluated. With this model, we determined the effectiveness of S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor with relative platelet specificity, in reducing cerebral embolization. Methods and Results —Transcranial Doppler ultrasound recordings from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery were made after carotid endarterectomy in 12 control patients and 12 patients receiving intravenous GSNO from the induction of anesthesia until 2 hours after skin closure. Recording times were 0.5 to 3.5, 6 to 7, and 24 to 25 hours after skin closure. The Doppler signal was recorded onto tape, and analysis for ES was performed, with the investigators blinded to treatment group. All patients received aspirin 300 mg/d before surgery and 5000 IU of heparin during surgery. The median (range) number of ES detected during the initial 3-hour postoperative recording was markedly reduced in the GSNO group compared with the control group: 7.5 (0 to 61) versus 38.5 (1 to 219) ( P =0.018). This difference persisted until 6 hours after surgery. Conclusions —Despite the administration of aspirin and heparin, frequent embolization occurred and was markedly reduced after the administration of GSNO. This demonstrates the potential use of platelet-specific nitric oxide donors in the treatment of thromboembolic disease. This model of cerebral embolism may allow determination of the effectiveness of new antiplatelet agents in humans.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating of 3D Scaffolds Enhances Tissue Growth and Gene Delivery: Non‐Invasive and Label‐Free Assessment
Authors: Christina Holmes, Jamal Daoud, Pierre O. Bagnaninchi, Maryam Tabrizian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition is a versatile technique which is beginning to be be explored for inductive tissue engineering applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte multilayer film system composed of glycol‐chitosan (Glyc‐CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to coat 3D micro‐fabricated polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to overcome many of the limitations associated with conventional techniques for assessing cell growth and viability within 3D scaffolds, two novel, real‐time, label‐free techniques are introduced: impedance monitoring and optical coherence phase microscopy. Using these methods, it is shown that LbL‐coated scaffolds support in vitro cell growth and viability for a period of at least two weeks at levels higher than uncoated controls. These polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings are then further adapted for non‐viral gene delivery applications via incorporation of DNA carrier lipoplexes. Scaffold‐based delivery of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene from these coatings is successfully demonstrated in vitro, achieving a two‐fold increase in transfection efficiency compared with control scaffolds. These results show the great potential of Glyc‐CHI/HA polyelectrolyte multilayer films for a variety of gene delivery and inductive tissue engineering applications.
Skeletal Manifestations of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Lester D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In a review of 39 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular arthropathy was noted in 15% and 10% of the patients, respectively. Diffuse clavicular swelling preceded the onset of PMR in one patient. Carpal tunnel syndrome was seen in four patients (10%).
Time to Cardioversion for Acute Atrial Fibrillation and Thromboembolic Complications
Authors: Ilpo Nuotio, Juha E. K. Hartikainen, Toni Grönberg, Fausto Biancari, K. E. Juhani Airaksinen
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Time to Cardioversion for Acute Atrial Fibrillation and Thromboembolic ComplicationsIn 1995, practice guidelines recommended a limit of 48 hours after the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) for cardioversion without anticoagulation. [1]2][3] Whether the risk of thromboembolic complications is increased when cardioversion without anticoagulation is performed in less than 48 hours is unknown.
Prescribing exercise in primary care
Authors: K. M. Khan, R. Weiler, S. N. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ten practical steps on how to do it

Chronic diseases—the leading causes of morbidity and mortality—are strongly linked to unhealthy lifestyles. The World Health Organization recently published a report on global health risks.1 Leading causes of global mortality are high blood pressure (13% of total deaths), tobacco use (9%), high blood glucose (6%), physical inactivity (6%), and obesity (5%). Physical inactivity is fourth on this list, but it influences most of the other causes. The importance of physical activity in preventing and treating many diseases and conditions is indisputable, as documented by the authoritative, accessible, and practical guide of the Swedish Professional Associations for Physical Activity.2 Reports from the United States,3 Canada, and the United Kingdom concur.4

Physical activity is a complex behaviour, and modern physical and social environments discourage it. Countering these influences will require a coordinated approach involving multiple societal, institutional, and departmental collaborations.5 Clinicians need to contribute. Healthcare is one of eight sectors listed in the US national physical activity plan that aims to influence activity (www.physicalactivityplan.org/theplan.php).6 Advice on physical activity in primary care is a pillar of WHO’s global physical activity plan (2010).7 Physical activity counselling in clinical settings provides “exceptional value for money.”4

Based on the recommendation of the Swedish physical activity book,2 key principles of the US physical activity plan, and the UK’s Department of Health’s Let’s Get Moving ,8 the following steps can …
Granulocyte transfusion therapy and amphotericin B: Adverse reactions?
Authors: Janice P. Dutcher, Joyce Kendall, Dottie Norris, Charles Schiffer, Joseph Aisner, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract One hundred twenty‐five granulocyte transfusions were given concurrently with amphotericin B to 31 granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia during a four year period. Twenty‐six patients had culture‐documented, and 5 had presumed fungal infections; pulmonary infiltrates were present in 26 patient courses. Eight patients developed pulmonary deterioration temporally related to therapy with amphotericin, granulocyte transfusions, or both. One event occurred following amphotericin alone. Three additional reactions occurred in alloimmunized patients with antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) who received random donor granulocytes, which may indicate a potential mechanism for the pulmonary reactions. Two reactions potentially represent an adverse interaction between amphotericin and granulocytes, but these were reversible and were not unlike reactions expected with each modality alone. Our data fail to document a specific detrimental interaction between granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin beyond the reactions associated with each modality, and the data suggest that other clinical factors, particularly infection and alloimmunization, also contribute to pulmonary decompensation. We nevertheless recommend great care and attention be given to administering these modalities in the setting of severely ill patients.
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: SHELDON M. WOLFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Wegener's granulomatosis is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis. The localized form involves The upper or lower respiratory tracts, or both; in the commoner generalized form, the kidneys are also involved. Twenty-one patients with this disease were studied at the National Institutes of Health. The typical lesions in the kidney were focal and segmental glomerulonephritis. Electron microscopy showed dense deposits in some kidneys in a pattern suggesting immune complexes. Cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy is the treatment of choice. Long-lasting remissions of many years' duration have been induced in this once universally fatal illness. Cyclophosphamide therapy led to severe lymphocytopenia and mild granulocytopenia. Profound changes in granulocyte levels were not required for an effective therapeutic response. Cyclophosphamide therapy has various in-vitro and in-vivo immunosuppressive effects, and we still do not know which of these effects is responsible for the therapeutic response.
France adopts new code of medical ethics
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The French government has adopted a new code of medical ethics, which was first proposed by the Ordre National des Medecins, the French medical association, two years ago. The 114 article code was approved by Elizabeth Hubert, the minister of public health, and published last week. Major changes since the last code, which was published in 1979, cover patients' rights, particularly their right to …
1331 LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IL28B VARIANTS AND HBSAG CLEARANCE AFTER INTERFERON TREATMENT
Authors: A. Mangia, R. Santoro, L. Mottola, M. Fasano, N. Minerva, D. Bacca, V. Piazzolla, V. Carretta, A. Termite, E. Agostinacchio, D. Facciorusso, D. Petruzzellis, T. Santantonio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A British Medical Association Lecture on the Surgical Aspects of Certain Disturbances of the Involuntary Nervous System Met with in the Alimentary Tract
Authors: J. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1926)

GENTLEMEN,-I thank you for the privilege you have afforded me in asking me to speak to you this afternoon.I am grateful to you for many reasons.I confess I enjoy a visit to London, and as I walked along Piccadilly this morning it seemed to me
THYROID GRAFTING AND THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE
Authors: E. W. H. Groves, C. Joll
Journal: BMJ (1910)

the thirteenth and fourteenth in the case of meat-fed imals, the layer of epithelial cells has extended a little way over the base of the uloer.On the twentieth day the base of the ulcer was com-
STAT4 associates with systemic lupus erythematosus through two independent effects that correlate with gene expression and act additively with IRF5 to increase risk
Authors: A-K Abelson, A M Delgado-Vega, S V Kozyrev, E Sanchez, R Velazquez-Cruz, N Eriksson, J Wojcik, M V P Linga Reddy, G Lima, S D'Alfonso, S Migliaresi, V Baca, L Orozco, T Witte, N Ortego-Centeno, H Abderrahim, B A Pons-Estel, C Gutierrez, A Suarez, M F Gonzalez-Escribano, J Martin, M E Alarcon-Riquelme
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To confirm and define the genetic association of <i>STAT4</i> and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), investigate the possibility of correlations with differential splicing and/or expression levels, and genetic interaction with <i>IRF5</i>. <h3>Methods:</h3> 30 tag SNPs were genotyped in an independent set of Spanish cases and controls. SNPs surviving correction for multiple tests were genotyped in five new sets of cases and controls for replication. STAT4 cDNA was analysed by 5′-RACE PCR and sequencing. Expression levels were measured by quantitative PCR. <h3>Results:</h3> In the fine mapping, four SNPs were significant after correction for multiple testing, with rs3821236 and rs3024866 as the strongest signals, followed by the previously associated rs7574865, and by rs1467199. Association was replicated in all cohorts. After conditional regression analyses, two major independent signals, represented by SNPs rs3821236 and rs7574865, remained significant across the sets. These SNPs belong to separate haplotype blocks. High levels of <i>STAT4</i> expression correlated with SNPs rs3821236, rs3024866 (both in the same haplotype block) and rs7574865 but not with other SNPs. Transcription of alternative tissue-specific exons 1, indicating the presence of tissue-specific promoters of potential importance in the expression of <i>STAT4</i>, was also detected. No interaction with associated SNPs of <i>IRF5</i> was observed using regression analysis. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These data confirm <i>STAT4</i> as a susceptibility gene for SLE and suggest the presence of at least two functional variants affecting levels of <i>STAT4</i>. The results also indicate that the genes <i>STAT4</i> and <i>IRF5</i> act additively to increase the risk for SLE.
A simple device for measuring anaerobic power
Authors: D. K. Kansal, S. K. Verma, L. S. Sidhu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Having no funds to purchase sophisticated equipment to measure human anaerobic power, a simple cheaply made device was constructed based on the principle of the method introduced by Margaria et al (1966). This improvised apparatus consists of two contact pads each having a make and break provision of an electrical circuit with the help of leaf springs and can be used to measure human vertical velocity and anaerobic power. Details of the device are described and illustrated, and the results presented from a test of anaerobic power on 92 men and women athletes at national level in different sports. These results have been compared with the corresponding results available in the literature.
Mandated Choice for Organ Donation
Authors: Jonathan D. Block
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —I read the article on organ procurement by the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs and the accompanying Editorial from Drs Murray and Youngner 2 with interest. I agree with both sources that mandated choice for organ donation is the most viable option to increase organ supply for those awaiting transplant. However, I wholeheartedly disagree with Murray and Youngner's ultimate assessment and recommendations for the situation. They believe that with respect to appeal[s] for organ transplantation... some patience may be necessary. 2 This is unacceptable considering the 35095 people awaiting transplant as of June 30, 1994, 3 up from 34493 in 1993, 4 according to the United Network for Organ Sharing. With only 18 165 transplants performed in 1993, 4 a number of patients remain on the list, creating a difficult situation of supply not meeting demand.  As the numbers of those waiting increase, Murray and Youngner
Poliomyelitis at Hull
Authors: A. Hutchison, A. McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Between 1986 and 1988 aortopexy was carried out on 12 patients with primary tracheomalacia and five with tracheobronchomalacia; their median age was 5 months (1 month-7 years). All patients had stridor, 14 had had cyanotic and apnoeic episodes, and 10 had had 9death9 attacks. Eight patients (47%) had associated gastro-oesophageal reflux. Six patients (35%) were helped by aortopexy alone, and a further five (29%) improved with a combination of aortopexy and antireflux treatment. Four patients required tracheostomy, one of whom died. Aortopexy failed if gastro-oesophageal reflux was present. We recommend aggressive treatment of reflux combined with aortopexy in patients with primary tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia.
MY EXPERIENCES AS A SPECIALIST.—A DREAM.
Authors: J. L. TRACY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Psychologists have never satisfactorily explained the process by which we unconsciously and yet seemingly voluntarily permit ourselves to give audience to the acts and sayings of the peoples of dreamland. The ego of our dream has never been accounted for either. His relationship to ourselves, however, seems as we recall him, to be in many instances a very close one. He is like us and still is decidedly unlike us. He appears upon the mystical stage which borders hard upon life's pathway, acts his part and retires behind the scenes. We awake to think, study, wonder and theorize concerning him, and we tire, cerebral anemia presumably, obtains, we nod in our chair and find him bowing to us. Evidently he follows us when we are awake, and we follow him when we are asleep. We call ourself the substance, him the shadow. This ego, our other self, takes possession of
The Unconscious at Work: Individual and Organizational Stress in the Human Services
Authors: T. Sensky
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Anton Obholzer, Vega Zagier Roberts Routledge, £14.99, pp 224 ISBN 0 415 10206 5

Working with people who are ill has always been stressful. Organisations concerned with health care, because of the complexity of their aims and their structure, are stressful places in which to work. Uncertainty and change, prominent features of today's health service, are also acknowledged as important stressors. There are many publications on stress among health care workers, some of them focusing on fashionable concepts such as burnout, others attempting to identify people in the professions particularly vulnerable to the effects of stress. Yet it is undoubtedly feasible not only to sustain a career in medicine or one of its sister professions but also to gain much satisfaction from it. How …