tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationships between myocardial perfusion, myocardial necrosis, and technetium--99m pyrophosphate uptake in dogs subjected to sudden coronary occlusion.
Authors: M L Marcus, R J Tomanek, J C Ehrhardt, R E Kerber, D D Brown, F M Abboud
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The quantitative relationship between abnormalities seen on technetium-99m pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) infarct scintigrams and the size of the myocardial infarction is unclear. We evaluated two possible determinants of 99mTc-PYP accumulation: myocardial perfusion measured with 7-10 mu microspheres and the extent of necrosis determined histologically. Hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion to small segments of the left ventricle were measured prior to, 5-10 min, and 44-48 hours following sudden occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in ten awake dogs. 99mTc-PYP was injected i.v. following the third injection of microspheres and the animals were killed 2 hours later. The important findings were as follows: 1) there is a close relationship between the extent of myocardial necrosis observed and the perfusion of segments 5-10 min following coronary occlusion; and 2) that segmental myocardial perfusion is an important determinant of 99mTc-PYP accumulation by myocardial segments which contain areas of necrosis. Although the present data preclude statistical analysis of the relationship between the level of necrosis in a segment and the accumulation of 99mTc-PYP by that segment, the two do not appear to be related, a finding which would discourage use of intensity of 99mTc-PYP images for infarct size. The distribution of an abnormality on the scintigram may provide an estimate of infarct size. However, the geometry of the infarct and the resolving power of the scanning equipment will significantly limit this in many clinical situations.
An Open Method of Ether Administration
Authors: F. W. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1907)

THEax are, of course, many known ways and means of administering ether, and I do not claim any origlnalit* for the method I am about to describe; but I think it would be worth bringing to notice, although I do xot commend It as the only way ether should be adminis- tered, but rather look upon it as an addition to .
Former French ministers on trial over blood
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1999)

About half of all cases of HIV infection after transfusion with contaminated blood that have been recorded in Europe took place in France, where the infection rate is estimated to be four to six times higher than in Italy, Germany, and Spain, and 10 times higher than in the United Kingdom.

Why does France have so many more cases than some other European countries, and are government officials responsible for the …
A Woman's Place . . .
Authors: Harold I. Kaplan, Helen S. Kaplan, Alfred M. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We do not wish to go on record as being against "motherhood." To the contrary, we feel that we are enhancing the interaction of physician mothers with their children, both quantitatively by making more time available for their being at home, and qualitatively by permitting mothers to express themselves creatively by eliminating some of the stress engendered by the unrealistic expectations prevailing in traditional medical training settings. Increasing numbers of women are<i>electing</i>to pursue careers during their young and productive years, and our program facilitates such an endeavor by making professional graduate training in psychiatry less stressful and more realistic. Certainly, we have as yet had no reports of difficulties among the children of our mother-residents. Indeed many women find it not only possible, but actually more rewarding, to establish a "good, honest, vital mother-child relationship" with their children while pursuing meaningful and vital careers. We
Effects of Diphenylhydantoin on Atrioventricular Conduction in Man
Authors: RICHARD H. HELFANT, SUN H. LAU, STAFFORD I. COHEN, ANTHONY N. DAMATO
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The effects of intravenous diphenylhydantoin (5 mg/kg) on atrioventricular conduction in man at controlled heart rates in the digitalized and undigitalized state were studied. In undigitalized subjects, diphenylhydantoin administration consistently decreased A-V conduction time in each individual subject when identical heart rates were compared. Ouabain infusion produced an increase in A-V conduction time and this prolongation was always reversed by diphenylhydantoin. In two patients with atrial flutter and in two with atrial fibrillation, diphenylhydantoin caused a decrease in ventricular rate without affecting the atrial arrhythmias. These findings are of clinical importance, especially in the therapy of digitalis toxicity. When digitalis excess is manifested by both ectopic beats and incomplete A-V block, diphenylhydantoin would have special utility since, in contrast with the commonly used antiarrhythmic agents, it decreases A-V conduction time in addition to suppressing ectopic beats. Diphenylhydantoin-induced depression of the ventricular rate in atrial flutter or fibrillation may also be useful clinically. However, since diphenylhydantoin markedly decreases ventricular automaticity, its use in patients with complete heart block is contraindicated.
POLYGLOBULIA INDUCED BY CEREBRAL LESIONS
Authors: KAMIL SCHULHOF
Journal: JAMA (1927)

During 1920, one of us observed polyglobulia in some cases of epidemic encephalitis. Although an apparent increase in erythrocytes may be due to various factors, including inspissation of the blood, these observations made it worth while to investigate the effect on erythropoiesis of experimental lesions of the brain, especially those of the regions usually affected in encephalitis. There are, besides this, other facts which suggest that the central nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of at least the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter: we refer to the polyglobulia of high altitudes due to lack of oxygen and to the oligemia induced in animals in an atmosphere rich in oxygen. It is, indeed, difficult not to assume that some stimulus originates in the respiratory center besides the probable reflex which leads to a contraction of the spleen and the resulting transitory polyglobulia. Although there must be unquestionably
271. Full-Length Antibody Therapy Mediated by Adenovirus in Rodent and Non-Primate Animal Models
Authors: Wenfang Shi, Jie Chen, Minghong Jiang, Changqing Su, Qijun Qian
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Therapeutic monoclonal antibody is increasingly applied in clinic with great clinical success, while its widespread application is limited by antibody manufacturing capability. Adenovirus is considered ad the one of the most proper vector for pre-clinical and clinical application, however, the application of adenoviral vector is restricted by CAR expression on the target cells. Thus adenovirus mediating anti-tumor antigen antibody expression in non-tumor cells or tumor cells is a novel strategy for cancer gene therapy. Herein we present an adenoviral delivery system that allows in vivo sufficient and sustained full-length antibody expression.
G13 is an essential mediator of platelet activation in hemostasis and thrombosis
Authors: Alexandra Moers, Bernhard Nieswandt, Steffen Massberg, Nina Wettschureck, Sabine Grüner, Ildiko Konrad, Valerie Schulte, Barsom Aktas, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Melvin I Simon, Meinrad Gawaz, Stefan Offermanns
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN STATE HOSPITALS
Authors: FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH, CHARLES A. RYMER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

In this paper we have discussed the present status of teaching and research in state hospitals. We have outlined the teaching programs in various state hospitals and have attempted to evaluate these programs. We have discussed research in state hospitals from the viewpoints of its present status and its rôle in the solution of mental disease, and we have mentioned a few problems of special importance. We have considered the need for, and the advantages of, some central organization for research, and we have listed some of the functions of such a central council. Finally, the importance of the psychopathic hospital as a liaison between state hospitals and medical schools and as an almost indispensable unit in the teaching of psychiatry has been stressed. We have found that some very worthwhile work in teaching and research is being carried on at the present time; that some hospitals are alert to the need of teaching and research in a progressive program; that such work in state hospitals is often carried on under great handicaps as to personnel, finances and equipment. However, we have noted that in far too many institutions, the physical conditions and the attitudes and interests of the staff are unfavorable to the development of teaching or the prosecution of research. While in many cases this lack of a teaching and research program is due to insufficient funds, in some it is certainly due to a mistaken adherence to the idea of the purely custodial function of the state hospital. We believe that the state hospital has much to gain from, and much to offer to, an extensive organized program of teaching and research. We are mindful that state hospital administrators may object that our program is too ambitious; that it is beyond the realm of possibility. Also we are mindful that some will emphasize unduly their financial and personnel handicaps. While we are cognizant of these and other criticisms, we abhor taking a temporizing position in this discussion by merely patting everyone on the shoulder and pleading for more and better work. We beg instead for cooperation by all those concerned to develop their teaching and research programs in order that they may make a worthwhile contribution to the solution of mental disease. No one can question that within a short time, if indeed it is not already true, state hospital administrators will become more cognizant of their position as directors of teaching and research institutions. This means changes in personnel and organization, and a shifting of the emphasis on the functions of a state hospital. Naturally the state hospital must take the lead itself in initiating and developing these changes.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S.
Authors: Robert J. Wong, Ramsey Cheung, Aijaz Ahmed
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently the third leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the U.S. and is predicted to become the leading indication for LT in the near future. The trends in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among LT recipients in the U.S. remain undefined. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate trends in the etiology of HCC among adult LT recipients in the U.S. from 2002 to 2012, using national data from the United Network for Organ Sharing registry. From 2002-2012, there were 61,868 adults who underwent LT in the U.S., including 10,061 patients with HCC. The total number and proportion of HCC LT recipients demonstrated a significant increase following the implementation of the Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring system in 2002 (3.3%, n = 143 in 2000 versus 12.2%, n = 714 in 2005 versus 23.3%, n = 1336 in 2012). The proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC increased steadily from 2002 to 2012, and HCV remained the leading etiology of HCC throughout the MELD era (43.4% in 2002 versus 46.3% in 2007 versus 49.9% in 2012). NASH-related HCC also increased significantly, and NASH is the second leading etiology of HCC-related LT (8.3% in 2002 versus 10.3% in 2007 versus 13.5% in 2012). From 2002 to 2012, the number of patients undergoing LT for HCC secondary to NASH increased by nearly 4-fold, and the number of LT patients with HCC secondary to HCV increased by 2-fold. Conclusion : NASH is the second leading etiology of HCC leading to LT in the U.S. More important, NASH is currently the most rapidly growing indication for LT in patients with HCC in the U.S. (Hepatology 2014;59:2188–2195)
Effective angiostatic treatment in a murine metastatic and orthotopic hepatoma model
Authors: Esther Raskopf, Christian Dzienisowicz, Tobias Hilbert, Christian Rabe, Ludger Leifeld, Nicolas Wernert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Jesús Prieto, Cheng Qian, Wolfgang H. Caselmann, Volker Schmitz
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity is correlated with a progressive tumor disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In spite of the well-recognized role of VEGF in HCC, there are few data available regarding therapeutic strategies to block VEGF activity. Therefore, we employed a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding a soluble dominant negative fragment of VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1), AdsFlk-1, to control pre-established murine orthotopic and metastatic hepatomas. Vector function was confirmed via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, and angiostatic effects were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Antitumoral effects of systemic AdsFlk-1 application were studied in a subcutaneous and orthotopic Hepa129 HCC model. Cell supernatant containing the truncated form of Flk-1 had no direct effect on cell proliferation of Hepa129 cells in vitro but reduced endothelial tube formation on matrigel matrix by approximately 80% in vitro. Endothelial-like cell infiltration into matrigel plugs in vivo was also decreased by 80%. Systemic treatment of tumor-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth by 84% compared with the corresponding control group within 16 days after vector application. Likewise, the survival rate was significantly improved in the AdsFlk-1 group compared with control. Orthotopic tumor growth was reduced by 82%, and development of malignant ascites was also retarded. In conclusion, systemic adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of an Flk-1 fragment significantly inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic and metastatic murine HCC. The data support the value of VEGF blockade as an effective target for HCC treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1233–1240)
Difficulty of Diagnosing Infected Hypertrophic Pseudarthrosis by Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: ALEXANDER HADJIPAVLOU, ROBERT LISBONA, LEONARD ROSENTHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Hypertrophic pseudarthrosis was studied with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in 11 patients. Two of the 11 pseudarthroses were complicated by infection. A high concentration of both radiopharmaceuticals was obtained at all 11 sites and their distribution patterns were identical. It was therefore impossible to distinguish the infected from the noninfected pseudarthroses by using Ga-67.
TGFβ Receptor Mutations Impose a Strong Predisposition for Human Allergic Disease
Authors: Pamela A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Anthony L. Guerrerio, Gretchen Oswald, Kristin Chichester, Loretha Myers, Marc K. Halushka, Maria Oliva-Hemker, Robert A. Wood, Harry C. Dietz
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Patients with mutations in the receptors for TGFβ (Loeys-Dietz syndrome) exhibit an increased prevalence of allergic diseases.
CA IX is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients with One to Three Positive Lymph Nodes and a Putative Marker of Radiation Resistance
Authors: Donal J. Brennan, Karin Jirstrom, Åsa Kronblad, Robert C. Millikan, Goran Landberg, Michael J. Duffy, Lisa Rydén, William M. Gallagher, Sallyann L. O'Brien
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Hypoxia in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and down-regulation of the estrogen receptor. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-inducible gene that has been associated with poor outcome in many epithelial cancers. Previous studies of CA IX in breast cancer have been carried out on mixed cohorts of premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with locally advanced disease and varying treatment regimens. We examined the potential prognostic and predictive role of CA IX in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Experimental Design: Using tissue microarrays, we analyzed CA IX expression in 400 stage II breast cancers from premenopausal women. The patients had previously participated in a randomized control trial comparing 2 years of tamoxifen to no systemic adjuvant treatment. Median follow-up was 13.9 years. Results: CA IX expression correlated positively with tumor size, grade, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, Ki-67, cyclin E, and cyclin A2 expression. CA IX expression correlated negatively with cyclin D1, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. CA IX expression was associated with a reduced relapse-free survival (P = 0.032), overall survival (P = 0.022), and breast cancer–specific survival (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that CA IX was an independent prognostic marker in untreated patients with one to three positive lymph nodes (hazard ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-9.13; P = 0.027). Conclusion: CA IX is marker of poor prognosis in premenopausal breast cancer patients and it is an independent predictor of survival in patients with one to three positive lymph nodes. As all these patients received locoregional radiation therapy, CA IX may be associated with resistance to radiotherapy.
The Risk of Suicide in Persons With AIDS-Reply
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Beltangady observes correctly that the AIDS-related suicide rate would be lower if it were calculated without considering time at risk. However, we believe our method of reporting rates on a population-time basis is an appropriate one. When considering AIDS, it is important to correct for survival time, since this varies among subgroups of patients with AIDS and may change as new treatment modalities become available. We do believe, contrary to Dr Beltangady's comment, that the total number of AIDS-related suicides is definitely underestimated. Most AIDS deaths are certified by primary care physicians, not coroners, and are presumed to be the natural outcome of a fatal illness. Thus, suicides—especially those due to medication overdoses—may be missed inadvertently because of certification bias. In addition, the difficulty of determining suicidal intent in drug-using populations is well known. In support of our suggestion that an appropriate comparison group for assessment of
Evaluation of Therapeutic Outcome: Some Reflections on Methodology
Authors: Siri Gullestad
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

Problems connected with choice of outcome-criteria are discussed. Some results from an outcome study of student-conducted dynamic psychotherapies are presented. The discussion is focused on discrepancies between subjective data and more objective measures, as reflected in Rorschach test results. It is claimed that in order to give a meaningful interpretation of these discrepancies, a conception of <i>hierarchically ordered structures of personality</i> is needed. Such a conception also seems to represent a necessary supplement both to Malan's psychodynamic hypothesis and to outcome-research applying multidimensional outcome measures.
(36) Severe corns and response to etretinate
Authors: W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (36) Severe corns and response to etretinate Get access W.J. Cunliffe W.J. Cunliffe The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 87–88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12076.x Published: 01 June 1987
Doctors are urged to train in aviation medicine
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK postgraduate curriculum for GPs should include a basic overview of aviation medicine and the effects on health of flying, recommends a report from the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee.

At present training for GPs in aviation medicine is not mandatory. In evidence to the committee Michael Bagshaw, professor of aviation medicine at King’s College London, said, “My experience with lecturing to GPs . . . is that there is an amazing ignorance among the medical profession about the health effects of flying.”

The update to the committee’shighly influential report Air Travel and Health , published in …
THE MOTTLTTY OF BLOOD EOSTNOPTIILS ON GLASS*
Authors: B. GREENWOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article THE MOTTLTTY OF BLOOD EOSTNOPTIILS ON GLASS Get access B. GREENWOOD B. GREENWOOD A. R. C. Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s3, 1 June 1969, Pages 36–37, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12852.x Published: 01 June 1969
House dust mite allergic airway inflammation facilitates neosensitization to inhaled allergen in mice
Authors: L. S. van Rijt, A. Logiantara, L. Utsch, D. Canbaz, L. Boon, R. van Ree
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background The mechanism by which many monosensitized allergic individuals progress to polysensitization over time remains to be elucidated. Mouse models have contributed greatly to the understanding of sensitization to inhaled allergens in healthy airways but hardly any studies have addressed sensitization during established allergy. We hypothesized that an allergic inflammatory milieu might facilitate sensitization to inhaled allergens by the presence of mature dendritic cells ( DC s) and IL ‐4. Methods Mice with house dust mite ( HDM )‐induced allergic airway inflammation received a single intratracheal dose of ovalbumin ( OVA ), 2 days after the last HDM exposure. Ten days later, sensitization was assessed by rechallenge with OVA . We evaluated the following factors for their importance in neosensitization: (1) maturation and recruitment of DC s to the airways, (2) dependency on DC s using CD 11c DTR conditional knockout mice, (3) presence of ongoing airway inflammation by comparing sensitization at day 2 and day 14 after the last HDM exposure and (4) dependency on IL ‐4 by treatment with blocking antibodies. Results House dust mite ‐induced inflammation facilitated neosensitization to OVA . HDM ‐induced inflammation increased the number of airway DC s with a mature phenotype but a DC reduction of 93% did not inhibit sensitization. Neosensitization to OVA was dependent on ongoing inflammation and in particular on IL ‐4. Conclusions These findings show that HDM ‐induced allergic airway inflammation facilitates neosensitization to a second inhaled allergen in an IL ‐4‐dependent manner and provide insight into the underlying mechanism of the frequently observed progression to polysensitization in HDM ‐monosensitized individuals.
Application of Metabolic Data to the Evaluation of Drugs
Authors: Daniel L. Azarnoff
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Five percent of hospital admissions is the consequence of adverse drug reactions. Many are preventable and related, in some manner, to the metabolism of the drug (induction or inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes, pharmacogenetic abnormalities in the patient, poorly developed enzyme activities in infants). It is no longer possible to prescribe drugs rationally on the basis of a memorized schedule of dosages and contraindications since the same dose administered to different individuals or the same individual at different times may achieve a therapeutic, a toxic, or an inadequate effect. The mechanisms responsible for the variations are now understood, at least in part, and are related to the absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism, and interactions of the drug. An excellent correlation between plasma level and pharmacological effect of some drugs has been observed in human studies.<sup>1</sup>However, individual differences in the rates of metabolism may account for a thirtyfold variation in