tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in conduction velocity during acute ischemia in ventricular myocardium of the isolated porcine heart.
Authors: A G Kléber, M J Janse, F J Wilms-Schopmann, A A Wilde, R Coronel
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Conduction velocities along longitudinal (vL) and transverse (vT) fiber axes were determined in isolated porcine hearts from subepicardial activation patterns that were produced by local stimulation and measured with a multiterminal electrode. In some of the experiments extracellular [K+] ([K+]o) and transmembrane potentials were recorded. During normal perfusion vL and vT were (cm/sec) 50.08 +/- 2.13, (SE) and 21.08 +/- 0.97. After 3 to 5 min of global ischemia, vL and vT decreased to approximately 30 and 13 cm/sec. Before the occurrence of total inexcitability propagation became time dependent 2: 1 block developed and centrifugal spread from the stimulus site was partially blocked at short intervals and was normal at long intervals. This suggested that slowed conduction was dependent on spatial nonuniformities of recovery from excitability. Slowing of conduction during ischemia was not explained by accumulation of [K+]o alone, because vL and vT at a given [K+]o were lower during ischemia than during perfusion with elevated K+. In hearts perfused at 20 mM [K+]o "slow responses" were produced by addition of epinephrine (2.5 X 10(-5)M). Resting membrane potentials of slow responses were significantly lower than of depressed action potentials during ischemia. The values vL and vT of slow responses (10 and 5 cm/sec) were much lower than the lowest values during ischemia (20 and 10 cm/sec). This indicates that slow conduction in ischemia is associated with depressed action potentials initiated by a partially inactivated rapid Na+ inward current. The time dependence of nonuniform propagation and the relatively high conduction velocities explain two major characteristics of reentrant tachycardias in acute ischemia: the large diameters of reentrant circuits and the beat-to-beat changes in localization of conduction block.
Intravenous iron in a primary‐care clinic
Authors: I. Maslovsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

The preferable route of iron delivery for most iron-deficient patients is oral. Parenteral iron therapy is used in patients who cannot tolerate oral iron or in cases in which oral iron is not sufficiently effective. The most frequent indications for parenteral iron therapy are unbearable gastrointestinal side effects induced by oral iron itself, worsening of inflammatory bowel disease symptoms, insufficient intestinal absorption, renal failure-caused anemia that is treated with erythropoietin, and unresolved ongoing bleeding, which would cause the acceptable oral doses of iron therapy to be exceeded. The serious adverse effects of iron dextran that was used in the past could explain the reluctance of medical personnel to prescribe this effective treatment. Patients with iron deficiency anemia were treated with intravenous iron in a primary care clinic. The iron gluconate was given in a dosage of 62.5 mg diluted in 150 mL of normal saline and was infused intravenously over 30 min, while iron sucrose was given in a dosage of 100 mg diluted in the same volume of normal saline and given at the same rate. In total, 724 infusions were administered to 57 patients. Iron sucrose was used in 628 infusions, and iron gluconate was used in the remaining 96. The frequency of the infusion treatments depended on the underlying disease and ranged from three times a week to once a month. Adverse effects were seldom observed and were minor in patients receiving iron gluconate, and were not registered at all in patients treated with iron sucrose. Two cases of flushing with paresthesias occurred. Slowing the infusion rate successfully eliminated these side effects. One case of hypotension was treated successfully with 500 cc of normal saline infusion. One case of dropout occurred, due to the patient's refusal to cooperate. No anaphylactic reactions were observed. Iron gluconate and iron sucrose are effective and safe for use in primary care clinics. The risk of adverse effects is low.
Mode of action and the assessment of chemical hazards in the presence of limited data: use of structure-activity relationships (SAR) under TSCA, Section 5.
Authors: C M Auer, J V Nabholz, K P Baetcke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires that manufacturers and importers of new chemicals must submit a Premanufacture Notification (PMN) to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 90 days before they intend to commence manufacture or import. Certain information such as chemical identity, uses, etc., must be included in the notification. The submission of test data on the new substance, however, is not required, although any available health and environmental information must be provided. Nonetheless, over half of all PMNs submitted to the agency do not contain any test data; because PMN chemicals are new, no test data is generally available in the scientific literature. Given this situation, EPA has had to develop techniques for hazard assessment that can be used in the presence of limited test data. EPA's approach has been termed "structure-activity relationships" (SAR) and involves three major components: the first is critical evaluation and interpretation of available toxicity data on the chemical; the second component involves evaluation of test data available on analogous substances and/or potential metabolites; and the third component involves the use of mathematical expressions for biological activity known as "quantitative structure-activity relationships" (QSARs). At present, the use of QSARs is limited to estimating physical chemical properties, environmental toxicity, and bioconcentration factors. An important overarching element in EPA's approach is the experience and judgment of scientific assessors in interpreting and integrating the available data and information. Examples are provided that illustrate EPA's approach to hazard assessment for PMN chemicals.
Treatment of poisoning by anti-depressant drugs.
Authors: W R Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Thorpe Coombe Maternity Hospital is in Walthamstow in the outer London area.It has a total of 70 beds for antenatal care, first stage of labour, and the lying-in period.Since planned early discharge was introduced four years ago confinements have increased to over 2,000 annually.The hospital serves three local authorities, and for the success of the scheme close co-operation is essential.Patients for early discharge are selected during the ante-natal period by a consultant.The request may come from the mother her- self or her family doctor, or the hospital may ask if she is able to be nursed at home after 48 hours.Selected mothers sign an agreement and provide the hospital with the name and telephone number of their doctor and district midwife.In all cases the home is
PLD1-dependent PKCγ activation downstream to Src is essential for the development of pathologic retinal neovascularization
Authors: Qiuhua Zhang, Dong Wang, Venkatesh Kundumani-Sridharan, Laxmisilpa Gadiparthi, Dianna A. Johnson, Gabor J. Tigyi, Gadiparthi N. Rao
Journal: Blood (2010)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be an important mediator of pathologic retinal angiogenesis. In understanding the mechanisms of pathologic retinal neovascularization, we found that VEGF activates PLD1 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and this event is dependent on Src. In addition, VEGF activates protein kinase C-gamma (PKCgamma) via Src-dependent PLD1 stimulation. Inhibition of Src, PLD1, or PKCgamma via pharmacologic, dominant negative mutant, or siRNA approaches significantly attenuated VEGF-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation. Hypoxia also induced Src-PLD1-PKCgamma signaling in retina, leading to retinal neovascularization. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of VEGF inhibited hypoxia-induced Src-PLD1-PKCgamma activation and neovascularization. Blockade of Src-PLD1-PKCgamma signaling via the siRNA approach also suppressed hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization. Thus, these observations demonstrate, for the first time, that Src-dependent PLD1-PKCgamma activation plays an important role in pathologic retinal angiogenesis.
Avastin versus Lucentis
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Drug treatment for age related macular degeneration is one of medicine’s success stories. As Ning Cheung and colleagues explain (doi:10.1136/bmj.e2970), anti-vascular endothelial growth factors are preserving and restoring vision to millions around the world. But a related and less edifying story is stealing the limelight: ranibuzimab (Lucentis) versus bevacizumab (Avastin). It casts a shadow over this great medical advance and puts the world’s drug development and licensing systems under the spotlight.

In its anti-cancer drug, bevacizumab, drug developer Genentech has created what may be the world’s first “not me” (as opposed to “me too”) drug, say Robert Campbell and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e2941). Despite evidence that it works in macular …
Schonlein-Henoch purpura and Streptococcus equisimilis
Authors: N. Cimolai, A. Macnab
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Schonlein‐Henoch purpura and Streptococcus equisimilis Get access N. Cimolai, N. Cimolai Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Macnab A. Macnab Department of Paediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, V6H 3V4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 4, 1 October 1991, Page 403, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14185.x Published: 01 October 1991
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTH OF THE SKIN FROM A DERMATOLOGIC STANDPOINT
Authors: WILLIAM ALLEN PUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In considering the treatment of malignant diseases of the skin from the dermatologist's standpoint, the topic assigned to me, I shall take up only cutaneous carcinoma. I shall use the term "epithelioma" as synonymous with primary carcinoma of the skin and shall make no distinction in principles of treatment between rodent ulcer and squamous epithelioma confined to the skin. The successful treatment of carcinoma of the skin, as of other tissues, requires, in the present state of our knowledge, the complete local destruction of the growth. The futureholds out possibilities for the relief of carcinoma by systemic treatment, but at present we have no systemic methods that have any definite effect on the course of carcinoma. None of the agents used empirically has proved of value, and the agents which have been assumed to have a rational foundation, as cancroin, the cancer serums, and trypsin, have all proved totally useless.
INJECTION OF THE PAROTID GLAND WITH IODIZED OIL
Authors: HADDOW M. KEITH
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Since Sicard and Forestier,1in 1921, introduced iodized oil as a medium that is opaque to roentgen rays, this substance has been used extensively to outline certain body cavities, both normal and abnormal.  It occurred to us that it might be of value in determining the anatomic status of the ducts, both large and small, of the parotid gland. In the case reported here treatment was at that time being carried out in this clinic, and iodized oil was injected. Later, a patient who was under study for another condition was given an injection of iodized oil in the right parotid duct.  Some time afterward, it was brought to our attention that in 1926 Carlsten2in Germany had described a case of bilateral dilatation of Stenson's ducts in which he used iodized oil as an opaque medium. He injected the oil by means of a ureteral catheter and
Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies In Prostatic Cancer
Authors: R. J. Ablin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The possibility that immunologic factors may influence the growth and development of tumors was considered as early as 1900 by Ehrlich. Stimulated by recent reports suggesting the possible occurrence of immunologic factors in carcinoma of the prostate, we have examined the serum of patients with various stages of clinically and histologically confirmed diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate 1-3 for the presence of cytotoxic antibodies (CA) to lymphyocytes from 50 unrelated randomly selected donors by the microcytotoxicity test. 4   Initially, serum specimens from 22 patients with carcinoma of the prostate admitted for treatment of their malignancy were screened. Upon finding CA in two of these patients, 28 serum specimens from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy, and three patients with carcinoma of the bladder not involving the prostate were tested as controls in a similar manner for the presence of CA. Results of testing these
Patients Leaving Emergency Departments Without Being Seen by a Physician
Authors: Frederick J. Hass
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In Dr Kellermann's editorial<sup>1</sup>regarding the crisis of emergency department overcrowding there are some salient points he fails to address specifically enough to shed more light on the situation. He correctly notes a "substantial proportion" of the 90 million emergency department visits made each year are "made for episodic ambulatory care." This is an inappropriate use of an emergency department. Get these patients appropriate ambulatory care and the crowding problem will be solved. Baker et al<sup>2</sup>point out in their article that of the patients surveyed, 78.3% had no insurance, 12.5% were enrolled in Medi-Cal, and 5.9% were enrolled in Medicare. This amounts to a whopping 96.7%. Only 2% had private insurance. One must conclude that people with private insurance can get care elsewhere. In the good old days, primary care physicians cared for a great many of the 96.7% of patients in their offices and very
Rationing health care.
Authors: R Klein
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Klein summarizes and critiques the conclusions reached by Henry J. Aaron and William B. Schwartz in The Painful Prescription, a major American study of the rationing policies of Britain's National Health Service. Aaron and Schwartz compared the performance of the British and American health care systems, demonstrated that the British levels of medical activity are much lower in some categories than the American, and showed the importance of cultural differences in determining the attitudes of physicians and patients toward medical intervention. Klein praises certain aspects of the study while drawing attention to its failure to address more fully the problems of health care outcomes, macroallocation, and fairness.
Giant-Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath in the Upper Cervical Spine
Authors: William Gemio Jacobsen Teixeira, Nilton Alves Lara, Douglas Kenji Narazaki, Cláudia de Oliveira, Conrado Cavalcanti, Lidiane Vieira Marins, Alexandre Fogaça Cristante, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Tarcísio Eloy de Barros Filho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
Abstract P6-02-09: Role of HGF in obesity-associated tumorigenesis: C3(1)-Tag mice as a model for human basal-like breast cancer
Authors: S Sundaram, AJ Freemerman, J Hamilton, K McNaughton, JA Galanko, DB Darr, CM Perou, MA Troester, L Makowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Obesity is associated with basal-like breast cancer (BBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype. The objective of this study was to determine whether high fat diet-induced obesity promotes BBC onset in adulthood and to evaluate the role of stromal-epithelial interactions in obesity-associated tumorigenesis. Specifically, we hypothesized that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a promoting role in BBC, which tends to express the HGF receptor, c-Met. In C3(1)-Tag mice, a murine model of BBC, we demonstrate that obesity leads to a significant increase in HGF secretion and an associated decrease in tumor latency. By immunohistochemical analysis, normal mammary tissue exhibit obesity-induced hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in stroma and corresponding epithelial expression of c-Met. HGF secretion was also increased in primary mammary fibroblasts isolated from normal mammary and tumors of obese mice compared to lean. These results show that diet-induced elevation of HGF expression is a stable phenotype, maintained after several passages and after removal of dietary stimulation. In cocultures, neutralization of HGF blunted tumor cell migration; further linking diet-mediated HGF-dependent effects in tumor aggressiveness. In sum, these results suggest that HGF plays an important role in obesity-associated carcinogenesis and raise the hypothesis that diet may affect lasting changes in stroma, potentially through epigenetic means. Understanding the effects of obesity on risk and progression is important given epidemiologic studies that imply half of BBC could be eliminated by reducing obesity. Our findings suggest the possibility that reducing obesity may be useful in preventing obesity-associated breast cancer mediated by the HGF/c-Met pathway. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-02-09.
A NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH DAY
Authors: James M. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The celebration of Public Health Day in Philadelphia, May 1, 1918, concerning which a news item appeared inThe Journal, May 4, excited considerable local interest in the subject of sanitation and the question of improving the national physique. It has been decided more recently by Dr. Krusen, director of public health and charities, to carry on follow-up work in the different sections of the city. In view of the great importance of physical fitness of the civilian population, especially during the present critical period, I would suggest that a national public health day be celebrated as soon as practicable. In this connection, it is to be recollected that the percentage of rejections among our recruits (29 per cent.) is, sadly enough, too high, and a country-wide, systematic effort should be made to reduce it as rapidly as possible. In this way a propaganda, having for its
Refraction and Motility of the Eye with Chapters on Color Blindness and the Field of Vision. Designed for Students and Practitioners.
Authors: Ellice Murdoch Alger
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The zebrafish granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (Gcsfs): 2 paralogous cytokines and their roles in hematopoietic development and maintenance
Authors: David L. Stachura, Ondřej Svoboda, Clyde A. Campbell, Raquel Espín-Palazón, Ryan P. Lau, Leonard I. Zon, Petr Bartůněk, David Traver
Journal: Blood (2013)
Graft vs. host disease after liver transplantation in humans: A report of four cases
Authors: John Paul Roberts, Nancy L. Ascher, John Lake, Jan Capper, Sarla Purohit, Marvin Garovoy, Roy Lynch, Linda Ferrell, Teresa Wright
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Four cases of patients in whom graft vs. host disease developed after liver transplantation are described. The clinical course of each patient was similar with fever, pancytopenia, diarrhea and a skin rash developing 1 or 2 mo after liver transplantation. The clinical diagnosis was made from skin or colon biopsy specimens. Liver dysfunction did not occur in the patients at the time of diagnosis. Extrahepatic donor DNA was identified in the three patients it was tested for. Three patients died from the complications of the disease primarily related to sepsis. The other patient recovered from the graft vs. host disease but died from lymphoproliferative disease.
Influence of Airway Pressure on Genioglossus Activity during Sleep in Normal Children
Authors: Eliot S. Katz, Carole L. Marcus, David P. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Most children with obstructive sleep apnea are able to sustain stable breathing during portions of sleep, despite an anatomic predisposition toward airway collapse. This suggests that additional determinants of airway patency are active, such as neuromuscular compensation.Objectives/Methods: Using a custom intraoral surface electrode to record pharyngeal dilator muscle activity (the genioglossus [EMGgg]), we evaluated the muscle, ventilatory, and arousal responses to negative-pressure challenges during sleep in 19 healthy control children.Measurements and Main Results: In response to these challenges, we observed (1) marked variability in individual EMGgg responsiveness (peak EMGgg [mean ± SD], 214 ± 101% baseline), which was consistent within subjects; (2) a relationship between EMGgg activity and inspiratory flow and airway collapsibility; (3) reflex increases in flow (peak flow increase from challenge breaths 1–5 [mean ± SD], 49 ± 41% baseline) and respiratory rate often sufficient to sustain minute ventilation near baseline levels, without arousal; and (4) arousal threshold to be highest in stage 4, intermediate in stage 2, and lowest in REM sleep.Conclusions: Healthy children have wide variation in upper airway neuromuscular compensatory responses and arousal thresholds that could represent intermediate phenotypes affecting the expression of sleep apnea. Children with robust upper airway neuromuscular responsiveness, or a very high arousal threshold, may be able to sustain minute ventilation when challenged with negative airway pressure.