tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 Trial of Single-agent Everolimus in Chemotherapy-naive Patients with Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (SAKK 08/08)
Authors: Arnoud J. Templeton, Valérie Dutoit, Richard Cathomas, Christian Rothermundt, Daniela Bärtschi, Cornelia Dröge, Oliver Gautschi, Markus Borner, Eva Fechter, Frank Stenner, Ralph Winterhalder, Beat Müller, Ralph Schiess, Peter J. Wild, Jan H. Rüschoff, George Thalmann, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Ruedi Aebersold, Dirk Klingbiel, Silke Gillessen
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Coping and Cognitive Processing Style in HIV-Positive Subjects
Authors: Caterina Novara, Salvatore Casari, Silvia Compostella, Stella Dorz, Ezio Sanavio, Claudio Sica
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;People’s reactions to traumatic events are mediated by their subjective style of coping. This is of particular importance for HIV+ patients, mainly in the first phases of the disease. This work aimed at examining whether an ‘acceptance’ style of coping, as opposed to a ‘mental disengagement’ style, selectively influences the first stages of the processing of neutral, emotional and HIV-related information. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Two groups of 11 HIV+ asymptomatic subjects were chosen according to their coping strategies, acceptance or mental disengagement, as measured by Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced (COPE). Twenty-two patients completed the Emotional Stroop Task and an incidental memory recognition task containing neutral, emotional and HIV-related stimuli. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Analysis of reaction times (RTs) on the Emotional Stroop Task showed that HIV+ subjects have longer RTs for emotional and HIV-related than for neutral words. Instead, no effect was found as regards interaction with style of coping. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Results confirmed a processing bias of emotional information, whereas Acceptance and Mental disengagement strategies, as measured by the COPE scales, did not appear to influence information processing.
Efficacy of expiratory tracheal gas insufflation in a canine model of lung injury.
Authors: A Nahum, R S Shapiro, S A Ravenscraft, A B Adams, J J Marini
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) improves the efficiency of CO2 elimination by reducing the CO2-laden dead space of the airways. The effect of TGI on PaCO2 diminishes in the setting of acute lung injury (ALI) because an increased alveolar component dominates the total physiologic dead space. Nevertheless, adopting a strategy of permissive hypercapnia should partially offset the decreased efficacy of TGI by increasing CO2 concentration in the proximal airways. To examine these issues we studied the CO2 removal efficacy of expiratory TGI as an adjunct to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) before and after oleic acid-induced lung injury (OAI). We first examined the effect of TGI before and after OAI, keeping tidal volume (VT) and frequency constant, and allowing PaCO2 to increase after OAI. We then tested TGI efficiency after matching PaCO2 after OAI to its pre-OAI level by increasing VT (post-OA/VT stage). PaCO2 was 53 +/- 3, 79 +/- 21, and 52 +/- 4 mm Hg in the pre-OAI, post-OAI, and post-OA/VT stages of CMV, respectively. The corresponding decrements in PaCO2 produced by TGI at a flow rate of 10 L/min were 16 +/- 3, 24 +/- 10, and 10 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively. TGI decreased total physiologic dead space per breath (VD) by 56, 31, and 28 ml during the pre-OAI, post-OAI, and post-OA/VT stages, respectively. Despite a smaller reduction in VD during the post-OAI stage, the effect of TGI on PaCO2 was preserved because of the relatively high PaCO2 prior to its initiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modelling the Strategic Use of Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment and Prevention of HIV
Authors: Nathan Ford, Gottfried Hirnschall
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Nathan Ford and Gottfried Hirnschall reflect on recent research by Jan Hontelez and colleagues published in this week's PLOS Medicine. The authors argue that the future HIV modeling efforts should focus on helping programs make choices about which interventions need to be prioritized in order to achieve the levels of enrollment and retention in care required to maximize the prevention benefit of ART. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Esophageal Bougienage in Symptomatic Patients With the Nutcracker Esophagus
Authors: Charles Winters
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A wide variety of therapies have been suggested for patients with painful esophageal motility disorders. In a prospective, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of mercury bougienage ("placebo," 24 F; "therapeutic," 54 F) in eight symptomatic patients with the nutcracker esophagus (NE). There were no significant differences between the placebo or therapeutic dilators in relation to chest pain, dysphagia, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, or amplitude. Chest pain scores after completion of this trial were significantly lower than baseline scores, irrespective of the sequence of dilators used. No subjective or objective improvement could be demonstrated when "therapeutic bougienage" was compared with "placebo bougienage" in patients with the NE. The improvement in symptoms at the completion of the study may result from the close physician-patient interaction, suggesting that this may be more important than the actual size of the bougie.
Left Ventricular Activation Time in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and in Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: TAKASHI WADA
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Simultaneous tracings of right and left ventricular leads were taken in 6 dogs with experimentally produced left bundle-branch block, and in 30 clinical cases of left ventricular hypertrophy. In the experimental study it was found that the initial phase of the QRS complex in the right epicardial lead did not change its configuration or its duration after the production of left bundle-branch block. This observation offers a new concept of the septal and left ventricular activation in left bundle-branch block. It was concluded that a considerable portion of the left ventricle is activated normally in some cases of left bundle-branch block.
Measurement of Regional Myocardial Perfusion in Man with 133Xenon and a Scintillation Camera
Authors: Paul J. Cannon, Ralph B. Dell, Edward M. Dwyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

A method was devised to quantitate regional capillary perfusion in the human heart by measuring the clearance constants (k) of Xenon-133 washout from multiple areas of the myocardium with a multiple-crystal scintillation camera. In 17 subjects, (133)Xe was injected into the right or left coronary artery or both and counts per second (cps) were recorded simultaneously on magnetic tape from each of 294 scintillation crystals viewing the precordium through a multichannel collimator. Data were processed by a digital computer. Crystals detecting the myocardial washout of (133)Xe were distinguished from those monitoring pulmonary excretion by positioning radioactive markers at the cardiac margins, and by a computer printout of the peak cps recorded by each crystal and its time after isotope injection into the coronary artery. The slopes of the initial segment of the multiple (133)Xe curves obtained in each study were calculated by the method of least squares using a monoexponential model. Myocardial blood flow rates in the cardiac regions viewed by the individual crystals were calculated (assuming a blood to myocardium partition coefficient of 0.72) along with the SD of every flow measurement. The pattern of myocardial perfusion rates so obtained was superimposed over a tracing of the subject's coronary arteriogram. Scintiphotographs showing the arrival and washout of isotope from various regions of myocardium and the area of tissue perfused by each coronary artery were obtained by replaying the data tape on an oscilloscope. Significant regional variations in local myocardial perfusion rates were observed in hearts with normal coronary arteries. When capillary flow measurements from crystals overlying the various cardiac chambers were averaged in each subject, the mean myocardial blood flow rate of the left ventricle in 17 patients, 64.1 +/-13.9 (SD) ml/100 g.min, significantly exceeded that of the right ventricle, 47.8 +/-10.9 ml/100 g.min, and of the right atrial region, 33.6 +/-10.3 ml/100 g.min. The approach may facilitate more objective assessment of: myocardial capillary perfusion in patients with angina pactoris, the pharmacology of antianginal drugs, and the efficacy of surgical procedures to revascularize ischemic myocardium.
αvβ3/αvβ5 Integrins-FAK-RhoB: A Novel Pathway for Hypoxia Regulation in Glioblastoma
Authors: Nicolas Skuli, Sylvie Monferran, Caroline Delmas, Gilles Favre, Jacques Bonnet, Christine Toulas, Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The presence of hypoxic areas in glioblastoma is an important determinant in tumor response to therapy and, in particular, to radiotherapy. Here we have explored the involvement of integrins, up to now known as regulators of angiogenesis and invasion, in the regulation of tumor hypoxia driven from the tumor cell. We first show that hypoxia induces the recruitment of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins to the cellular membrane of U87 and SF763 glioblastoma cells, thereby activating the focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We then show that inhibiting alpha(v)beta(3) or alpha(v)beta(5) integrins in hypoxic cells with a specific inhibitor or with siRNA decreases the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) intracellular level. This integrin-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha is mediated through the regulation of FAK, which in turn activates the small GTPase RhoB, leading to the inhibition of GSK3-beta. Furthermore, silencing this pathway in glioma cells of established xenografts dramatically reduces glioma hypoxia, associated with a significant decrease in vessel density. Our present results unravel a new mechanism of hypoxia regulation by establishing the existence of an alpha(v)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(5) integrin-dependent loop of hypoxia autoregulation in glioma. Targeting this hypoxia loop may be crucial to optimizing radiotherapy efficiency.
Keeping foods safe and labels honest
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Are food packages a proper forum for nutritional messages? One of the most sensitive issues facing the FDA is what, if anything, to allow on food packaging. Recent claims for bran cereals that seem to imply that eating a high fiber diet prevents cancer—claims endorsed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)— have caused strained feelings, at the very least, between the FDA and its sister Public Health Service organization, the NCI. Since the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the FDA has used its regulatory powers to keep dangerous, adulterated, or misbranded products off the market. The passage of the 1938 federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act—and the later food and color additives amendments—further broadened agency authority. This past summer, the agency moved to ban six sulfite preservatives in fresh vegetables and fruits, because they had been linked to at least 13 deaths, primarily attributed to allergic
ESTIMATION OF SCAR BY SPECKLE TRACKING RADIAL STRAIN TO GUIDE LEAD PLACEMENT IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Leyla Elif Sade, Tetsuari Onishi, Prem Soman, Josef Marek, David Schwartzman, Samir Saba, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cytokines increase CRE binding but decrease CRE-mediated reporter activity in rat hepatocytes by increasing c-Jun
Authors: Baochun Zhang, Shubing Liu, Michele D. Perpetua, William H. Walker, Brian G. Harbrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The cyclic AMP response element (CRE) has been implicated in the regulation of the expression of many genes and cellular processes important in hepatocyte function. CRE sites exist in the promoter regions of several genes expressed during inflammation. Numerous studies on the role of CRE in hepatocyte gene expression have been performed in resting hepatocytes, but the role of CRE during inflammation is unknown. To evaluate the regulation of CRE-mediated transcription during sepsis, cultured hepatocytes were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into rats. Nuclear proteins were collected and CRE binding activity measured by electromobility shift assay (EMSA) using a consensus CRE oligonucleotide. CRE binding activity was increased in vitro by cytokines and in vivo by LPS administration but CRE-dependent reporter activity was decreased by cytokine stimulation. A c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor reversed the cytokine-induced increase in CRE binding and increased CRE-dependent reporter activity. Supershift assays indicated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and c-Jun proteins were included in the CRE binding complex. CREB induced and c-Jun suppressed reporter activity using a CRE-dependent construct transfected into cultured primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines regulate CRE binding and activity in cultured hepatocytes and suggest that sepsis-induced changes in CRE binding may participate in the cellular response to inflammation. (Hepatology 2004;39:1343-1352.)
Note on the Prevention of Mammary Abscess
Authors: A. W. Edis
Journal: BMJ (1885)

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Epigenetic Silencing of the Tumor Suppressor Cystatin M Occurs during Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Lingbao Ai, Wan-Ju Kim, Tae-You Kim, C. Robert Fields, Nicole A. Massoll, Keith D. Robertson, Kevin D. Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cystatin M is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Several lines of evidence indicate that cystatin M is a tumor suppressor important in breast malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) that leads to inactivation of cystatin M during cancer progression is unknown. Inspection of the human cystatin M locus uncovered a large and dense CpG island within the 5′ region of this gene (termed CST6). Analysis of cultured human breast tumor lines indicated that cystatin M expression is either undetectable or in low abundance in several lines; however, enhanced gene expression was measured in cells cultured on the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Increased cystatin M expression does not correlate with a cytotoxic response to 5-aza-dC; rather, various molecular approaches indicated that the CST6 gene was aberrantly methylated in these tumor lines as well as in primary breast tumors. Moreover, 60% (12 of 20) of primary tumors analyzed displayed CST6 hypermethylation, indicating that this aberrant characteristic is common in breast malignancies. Finally, preinvasive and invasive breast tumor cells were microdissected from nine archival breast cancer specimens. Of the five tumors displaying CST6 gene methylation, four tumors displayed methylation in both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma lesions and reduced expression of cystatin M in these tumors was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In summary, this study establishes that the tumor suppressor cystatin M is a novel target for epigenetic silencing during mammary tumorigenesis and that this aberrant event can occur before development of invasive breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7899-909)
Principles and Practice of Medical Intensive Care
Authors: Lindell K. Weaver
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Principles and Practice of Medical Intensive Care</i>, edited by Carlson and Geheb, is outstanding. Over 200 authors have contributed to the text. Chapters are well written and remarkably up to date, given the typical time lag between writing and actual publication. The sequence of information is good, and individual chapters agree quite well. The first part of the text is devoted to organization of intensive care and prehospital management. It serves as a very nice introduction to the subject of medical intensive care. The final sections are devoted to ethics and critical care, legal aspects of life support, and future ethical issues in critical care. I thought these sections served as a nice conclusion to the book. Despite the "Medical" of the title, care of surgical patients is discussed in considerable detail. There are also sections devoted to liver transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, and obstetrics and gynecology related to intensive
Distribution of Gentamicin in Body Fluids
Authors: G. D. Chisholm, J. S. Calnan, P. M. Waterworth, N. D. Reis
Journal: BMJ (1968)

ment, and a revision of dosage then becomes necessary.Modi- fication of dosage in renal failure is more practical for routine hospital use if only the interval between doses is altered as outlined in Table III.It is, however, feasible to use a smaller dose of 60 or 40 mg. at more frequent intervals after the initial loading dose of 80 mg. to maintain a therapeutic serum level.In only one instance have there been any observed toxic side- effects.These occurred in a woman (Case 9, Table I) who one hour after a single 80-mg.injection complained of marked giddiness.The symptoms were associated with a peak serum level of 12 ,ug./ml., the highest in the series, and persisted for one and a half hours.We have not administered gentamicin on a body-weight basis but have used the more simple and practical method of giving 80 mg.(2-ml.phial) at suitable intervals, depending on renal function.There is, however, a negative correlation between body weight and peak serum level in the patients studied which is statistically significant at the 5 % level.In view of the high peak level attained in the one subject described, who weighed only 46.5 kg., we now use a 60-mg.dose in patients weighing less than 60 kg.The present study is part of a clinical investigation of gentamicin in resistant urinary tract infections, including Ps. aeruginosa, which is still in progress.This study includes pre- treatment and post-treatment vestibulometry to assess toxicity, and to date there have been no recorded untoward sequelae of treatment with the increased dose regimen described. SummarySerum levels of gentamicin have been determined in normal subjects and in patients with renal impairment after 80 mg.intramuscularly.The average peak serum level obtained was 7.0 ttg./ml., which is independent of renal function, assessed
IgA Fc receptor I signals apoptosis through the FcRγ ITAM and affects tumor growth
Authors: Yutaka Kanamaru, Houda Tamouza, Séverine Pfirsch, Delphine El Mehdi, Claudine Guérin-Marchand, Marina Pretolani, Ulrich Blank, Renato C. Monteiro
Journal: Blood (2006)
Participation of the cysteinyl leukotrienes in the acute bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled platelet activating factor in man.
Authors: D A Spencer, J M Evans, S E Green, P J Piper, J F Costello
Journal: Thorax (1991)

To determine whether the effects of platelet activating factor on the airways may be due to the production of leukotrienes we studied the effects of pretreatment with the selective cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist SK&amp;F 104353-Z2 on the airway and cellular responses to inhaled platelet activating factor. Eight healthy men were studied in a randomised, double blind placebo controlled cross-over study. A single dose of platelet activating factor that caused a fall of at least 35% in specific airways conductance (sGaw) was determined initially for each subject. Challenge with this dose of platelet activating factor was then carried out on two further occasions after pretreatment with a single nebulised dose of SK&amp;F 104353-Z2 or placebo. The % reductions in specific airways conductance and of partial flow at 30% of vital capacity (PVmax30) were less after SK&amp;F 104353-Z2 than after placebo (22 versus 34 for sGaw, 19 versus 31 for PVmax30). The mean (95% confidence limits (CL] differences in the maximum % fall from control values for SK&amp;F 104353-Z2 and placebo were -12.6 (-23.8, -1.4) for sGaw and -12.5, (-20.8 -4.2) for PVmax30. The mean % fall in neutrophil count was similar after SK&amp;F 104353-Z2 (46%) and after placebo (50%) (95% CL of difference 13.6, 6.6). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine did not increase above baseline values in any subject when measured two weeks after challenge by platelet activating factor. This study suggests that leukotrienes play a part in the response to platelet activating factor in man.
Effectiveness and efficiency under competition: the Cochrane test.
Authors: D W Light
Journal: BMJ (1991)

A major purpose of introducing economic competition into health services in Great Britain, Holland, Germany, and elsewhere is to increase efficiency and cost effectiveness.Paradoxically, competitive markets may actually reduce efficiency because provider-sellers dominate the market' and may respond in ways that decrease efficiency2 and because many inefficiencies are embedded in "the way things are done."3There are more direct routes to efficiency and cost effectiveness that avoid the distortions and added costs of markets.Several insights can be gleaned by revisiting Archie Cochrane's classic work, Effectiveness and Efficiency.4Cochrane's message is the primacy of effectiveness for attaining efficiency.The current focus on mana- gerial efficiency in the NHS would seem to him misdirected.How, he might ask, can one increase efficiency through competitive contracts if the contractors do not know what is effective?Cochrane is more clearheaded than almost anyone concerned with outcomes (effectiveness) and efficiency in professional circles today.How many outcome studies can pass what might be called the Cochrane test?
Ventilatory Capacity of Miners
Authors: William Keith C. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Hunter's letter (224:1042, 1973) has recently been called to our attention. It contains several unwarranted assertions that need correction. We, unlike Dr. Hunter, drew no conclusions (nor even any inferences) from the data we cited. All we did was answer certain questions that had been asked of us. An ex cathedra statement in Dr. Hunter's letter implies that coal miners have worse than average lung functions and more than average frequency and multiplicity of chest symptoms than do nonminers. The basis for this statement comes from "carefully structured" but uncited data and unreferenced publications. The true picture is far from as clear as Dr. Hunter would lead us to believe. There have been only two published studies conducted in the United States in which the ventilatory capacity of a population of coal miners has been compared to a suitable control population. The first was reported by