tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Root Vegetables as Antiscorbutics in Infant Feeding
Authors: D. M. Mathews, A. L. Bacharach
Journal: BMJ (1941)

JOURNALreceiving treatment in this hospital are secondarily infected, and the majority of those have received treatment with sulphur before admission.The therapeutic agent now employed is an oil-in-watertype emulsion of benzyl benzoate prepared with triethanolamine from the following formula: Benzyl benzoas ... .. .....
National electronic Library for Health goes live
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

NHS National electronic Library for Health goes on line next week. A pilot version of the library will be launched to coincide with the first conference of the NHS Information Authority.

The library, whose declared aim is to become one of the great libraries of the world, has been designed primarily to provide health professionals with easy and fast access to best current knowledge. It will also provide data direct to the public, however.

The library's goal in its first phase it is to provide clinicians with access to information within 15 seconds, with a longer term goal of reducing the wait to one second.

One of the main features of the library will be its ability to act as a quality filter so that the data accessed through the site, for both clinicians and the public, will not only be the best current knowledge, but will also be free of bias and conflict of interest.

It is designed to help patients and the public navigate their way through the huge amount of health data now available on the internet, much of it of poor quality.

It will also assist with information overload on the internet. A report on the library by the NHS Information Authority stated: The World Wide Web is not an unmitigated boon. People who hitherto had inadequate access to paper-based information, are now in danger of being overwhelmed by electronic information, but it is impossible to run quality control on the web as a whole.

The vast proliferation of healthcare websites, most of which give no indication about the quality of information that they include, make the web a bewildering place which can be misleading, sometimes dangerously so.

The library will offer NHS staff access to high quality information resources, including a database of clinical guidelines, clinical evidence, and the Cochrane Library.

There will also be virtual branch libraries devoted to specific subject areas, such as diabetes, mental health, and cancer. In many cases, individual academic or clinical institutions will undertake to run these centres.

Our aim is to provide easy access to best current knowledge to improve health and healthcare, patient choice, and clinical practice. Over the next year we will learn more about user needs, and, as opportunities arise, further resources and features will be added, said Dr Muir Gray, the library's programme director.

The library's website, which should be available from next Monday, is http://www.nhs.uk/nelhwww.nhs.uk/nelh
Robotic Surgery — Squeezing into Tight Places
Authors: Norman T. Berlinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Dr. Lawrence Cohn on robotic surgery. (07:34)Download Back in the 1980s, the rationale for building a surgical robot was the stuff of science fiction. Intent on providing "a doctor in every foxhole," military strategists envisioned a severely wounded soldier being loaded into a battlefield ambulance equipped with a robot so that a surgeon at a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, or MASH unit, miles away could perform life-saving telesurgery to prevent exsanguination or some other physiological catastrophe. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had a similar vision. A terrestrial physician would be able to remove an acutely inflamed appendix from a patient aboard a robot-equipped space station. In . . .
Pacing-induced ischemia results in transcardiac activation of leukocyte to produce tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: D. Nakatani, O. Fukut, S. Kawano, Y.-J. Lim, M. Kanta, Y. Koretsune, H. Sato, M. Mishima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
In vivo behavior of calcium phosphate scaffolds with four different pore sizes
Authors: Marie-Cécile von Doernberg, Brigitte von Rechenberg, Marc Bohner, Sonja Grünenfelder, G Harry van Lenthe, Ralph Müller, Beat Gasser, Robert Mathys, Gamal Baroud, Jörg Auer
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Abstract 1577: Contributions of KIT and ABL to the therapeutic responses of GIST and CML cells to imatinib mesylate
Authors: Matthew F. Brown, Stefan M. Duensing, Anette U. Duensing
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Most GISTs are caused by activating mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase and can effectively be treated with the small molecule kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM). IM is a potent inhibitor of KIT as well as ABL, a kinase that is constitutively activated through a chromosomal translocation (BCR-ABL) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Since both KIT and ABL are expressed in GIST as well as CML cells, the present study was designed to determine the individual contributions of KIT and ABL inhibition, respectively, to the therapeutic responses in both malignancies. As expected, siRNA-mediated knock-down of KIT in the human GIST cell line GIST882 led to a significant increase of apoptosis and reduced cellular proliferation as measured by TUNEL and luminescence-based assays. Depletion of ABL1 in human K562 CML cells led to similar results. Immunoblotting for PARP cleavage as well as p27(Kip1) and cyclin A corroborated these findings. Reduction of ABL1 protein levels in GIST cells, however, was only associated with a minimal increase of apoptosis. Nevertheless, it resulted in a significantly reduced cellular proliferation when compared to controls and had approximately 50% of the anti-proliferative effect detected after knock-down of KIT in GIST cells. Combined knock-down of ABL1 and KIT in GIST did not show an additive effect. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knock-down of KIT in K562 cells did not have any significant effects on either cell survival or proliferative activity. Combined depletion of ABL1 and KIT in CML cells had a similar effect as knock-down of ABL1 alone. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed respective siRNA knockdowns, inhibition of downstream pathways and cellular proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, ABL inhibition is unlikely to contribute to the induction of apoptosis after IM-treatment of GIST cells, however, it may cooperate with KIT inhibition to inhibit GIST cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of KIT does not seem to play a role in the therapeutic effect of IM in CML cells. Our results have implications for future strategies to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted therapies in GISTs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1577.
Senior house officers' work related stressors, psychological distress, and confidence in performing clinical tasks in accident and emergency: a questionnaire study
Authors: S. Williams, J. Dale, E. Glucksman, A. Wellesley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the relation between accident and emergency senior house officers9 psychological distress and confidence in performing clinical tasks and to describe work related stressors. <b>Design:</b> Questionnaire survey with data collected at four points during senior house officers9 six month attachment to accident and emergency departments. <b>Subjects:</b> 171 newly appointed accident and emergency senior house officers from 27 hospitals in the South Thames region. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Psychological distress measured with a 25 item questionnaire; confidence in performing a range of 35 clinical and practical activities (visual analogue scales); reported consultation stress factors, other work related stressors, and personal stressors. <b>Results:</b> Overall confidence scores in carrying out a range of clinical and practical activities increased significantly between the end of the first and the end of the fourth month (Z=-6.05, P&lt;0.001). Senior house officers with higher psychological distress scores at the end of their first and fourth month had significantly lower confidence scores (Z=-3.20, P&lt;0.001; Z=-1.90, P&lt;0.05). Senior house officers with lower increases in confidence between the first and fourth month had significantly higher distress than those with greater increases (Z=-2.62, P&lt;0.001). Factors identified as causing stress during consultations included difficulties with communication, certain clinical presentations, and department organisational factors (particularly the intensity of workload). <b>Conclusions:</b> Psychological distress is linked to confidence in senior house officers. This supports the need to monitor and build confidence in senior house officers and to address work related stressors. Additional communication skills training needs to be considered. <h3>Key messages</h3> The importance of dealing with stress in junior doctors has been emphasised since excessive levels of stress may lead to dissatisfaction, lower morale, and poorer work performance Senior house officers9 psychological distress levels is inversely related to their confidence in carrying out a range of clinical tasks in accident and emergency Intensity of workload, communication difficulties, and feeling concerned about incorrect or missed diagnoses were common stress factors Senior house officers may benefit from training in communication skills There remains a need to reduce high work intensity and provide greater support
Pbx/Meis Deficiencies Demonstrate Multigenetic Origins of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Kryn Stankunas, Ching Shang, Karen Y. Twu, Shih-Chu Kao, Nancy A. Jenkins, Neal G. Copeland, Mrinmoy Sanyal, Licia Selleri, Michael L. Cleary, Ching-Pin Chang
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Congenital heart diseases are traditionally considered to be multifactorial in pathogenesis resulting from environmental and genetic interactions that determine penetrance and expressivity within a genetically predisposed family. Recent evidence suggests that genetic contributions have been significantly underestimated. However, single gene defects occur only in a minority of cases, and multigenetic causes of congenital heart diseases have not been fully demonstrated. Here, we show that interactions between alleles of 3 Pbx genes, which encode homeodomain transcription factors, are sufficient to determine the phenotypic presentation of congenital heart diseases in mice. A major role is served by Pbx1, whose inactivation results in persistent truncus arteriosus. Reduction or absence of Pbx2 or Pbx3 leads to Pbx1 haploinsufficiency and specific malformations that resemble tetralogy of Fallot, overriding aorta with ventricular septal defect, and bicuspid aortic valves. Disruption of Meis1, which encodes a Pbx DNA-binding partner, results in cardiac anomalies that resemble those caused by Pbx mutations. Each of the observed cardiac defects represents developmental abnormalities affecting distinct stages of cardiac outflow tract development and corresponds to specific types of human congenital heart disease. Thus, varied deficiencies in the Pbx gene family produce a full spectrum of cardiac defects involving the outflow tract, providing a framework for determining multigenetic causes of congenital heart anomalies.
Physiological studies in arteriomegaly
Authors: K. G. CALLUM, J. I. GAUNT, M. L. THOMAS, N. L. BROWSE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Physiological measurements are reported on patients with arteriomegaly, a condition in which the arteries are abnormally dilated, tortuous, and lengthened. The calf blood flows at rest and after ischaemia were found to be slightly increased compared with a control group. The blood volumes were significantly increased. The arm-to-arm circulation time was only marginally longer, but the velocity of arterial blood flow from the abdominal aorta to the knee was significantly slower than in the control group.
Changes in bone mineral content in obese dieting women
Authors: Ross E. Andersen, Thomas A. Wadden, Richard J. Herzog
Journal: Metabolism (1997)

Significant reductions in total-body bone mineral density (BMD) have been reported in obese women who consume very-low-calorie diets. A reduction in bonemass is highly correlated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.The present study investigated whether strength training would prevent such reductions in dieters.Twenty-one healthy obese women weighing (mean -+ SD} 91.1 -+ 9 kg and aged 38 -+ 9 years were randomly assigned to receive either diet alone or diet p!u s resistance training.Both groups consumed a 925-kcai/d portion-controlled diet for the first 16 of 17 weeks and a 1,000 to 1,500-kcal/d balanced deficit diet thereafter.Bone mineral content (BMC), BMD, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometrY [DEXA) before and after 24 weeks of dieting.No significant changes in total-body or lumbar spine BMC and BMD were observed in either condition at the end of treatment.However, both groups demonstrated a significant loss of both BMC and BMD in the femoral neck and greater trochanter.Diet plus resistance training was not associated with a significantly better outcome on either of these measures versus diet alone.The results suggest that increasing the energy content of very-low-calorie diets to 925 kcal/d may prevent the loss of total BMD, but not the loSs from the femoral neck and greater trochanter.These findings raise a concern in light of the high frequency of dieting in American women.
THE TREATMENT OF HEAD INJURIES
Authors: C. P. Symonds, G. Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (1935)

We describe the use of a recently developed technique in the field of color Doppler sonography, called power Doppler or color Doppler energy, that produces better images of the intracranial arteries than those obtained by conventional color Doppler techniques. Color Doppler energy makes it possible to identify aneurysms and their relationship to the parent artery, thus allowing one to observe how much of an aneurysm remains patent and the condition of adjacent arteries during endovascular treatment. We describe the use of this technique during the insertion of Guglielmi detachable coils into aneurysms and during subsequent follow-up examination.
Liver antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Ian Nicholas Crispe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

The liver is an organ in which several major pathogens evade immune clearance and achieve chronicity. How do they do it? Recent research has documented multiple mechanisms by which immune responses in the liver are biased towards tolerance. In this review, the induction of local, intrahepatic tolerance is explored from the perspective of antigen presentation. Experiments support the role not only of liver dendritic cell subsets but also of diverse subsets of unconventional antigen-presenting cells in inducing immune suppression. The literature on this topic is controversial and sometimes contradictory, making it difficult to formulate a unified model of antigen handling and T cell priming in the liver. Here I offer a critical review of the state of the art in understanding antigen presentation in the liver.
Late Presentation of Metastatic Pheochromocytoma: A Problem Case Solved by 1-131 MIBG Scintigraphy
Authors: ONELIO GEATTI, BRAHM SHAPIRO, LUIGI VIRGOLINI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A patient presented with recurrent pheochromocytoma 10 years following the apparently successful surgical cure of a right adrenal pheochromocytoma. Conventional medical imaging techniques, (chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal CT) suggested local recurrence for which surgery was planned. I-131 MIBG scintigraphy revealed disseminated metastatic disease that rendered attempts at surgical cure futile. The patient was treated with three therapeutic doses of I-131 MIBG with good symptomatic palliation and improvement of ome biochemical parameters.
Suppression of Mouse Mammary Tumorigenesis by Long-Term Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: V. C. Jordan, M. K. lababidi, S. Langan-Fahey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

A sustained release of tamoxifen, which produced decreasing serum levels of this drug (24 to 4 ng/mL) over 6 months, suppressed mammary tumori-genesis in virgin or once pregnant C3H/OUJ female mice. Tamoxifen was consistently more effective than early ovariectomy, which only delayed tumorigenesis. Tamoxifen prevented the stimulatory action of cyclical (alternate-month) progesterone administration on mouse mammary tumorigenesis. However, when tamoxifen treatment (12 months) was stopped, progesterone treatment initiated tumorigenesis. In contrast, when long-term tamoxifen treatment was stopped in mice that had not undergone ovariectomy, and estrous cycles returned, the majority of these mice remained tumor free. A comparison of different durations (3, 6, and 12 months) of tamoxifen treatment of virgin mice, starting at approximately 4 months of age, showed an equivalent effect on mammary tumorigenesis. All virgin mice developed tumors by 18 months of age, whereas 80% of the tamoxifen-treated mice were tumor free. Nevertheless, cyclical progesterone administration caused rapid development of tumors after 3 months of tamoxifen treatment; only 15% of these mice were tumor free at 18 months. Cyclical progesterone administration caused an increase in tumorigenesis after 6 months of tamoxifen treatment; 50% of these mice were tumor free at 18 months of age. These data demonstrate the efficacy of tamoxifen to suppress mouse mammary tumorigenesis and demonstrate that continuous tamoxifen therapy is necessary to prevent the development of tumors by progesterone, a stimulatory hormone. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:492–496,1991]
Providing donor organs for transplantation
Authors: E. S. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1988)

performed each year, a review of the last 330 reports showed 34 9% with "human papillomavirus only" or "human papillomavirus plus immature squamous metaplasia" and another 6-7% with the physiologically normal "immature squamous metaplasia only."Only 4-6% were reported as entirely normal.It is important that these findings are reported as human papillomavirus infection alone can cause cytological atypia.Furthermore, both human papillomavirus and immature squamous metaplasia can be visualised on colposcopy'°and can be difficult to distinguish from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.The colpo- scopist requires a histological explanation for the lesion he sees; without this he cannot make a proper decision on the further management of the patient.In our own unit if the cytological abnorm- alitypersists and worsens aftera normal colposcopic biopsy then a laser cone biopsy is performed to provide a definitive diagnosis.
Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine.
Authors: Thomas F. Paine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To attempt a comprehensive review of the 11th edition of the<i>Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine</i>, newly edited by Beeson and McDermott, is comparable with trying to "do" the British Museum in an afternoon—it simply cannot be done. A book produced by 173 different authors on 750 subjects probably should be reviewed by a committee; however, since individual practitioners and students will be using this volume, we can record the impressions on one physician of this massive work. The first impression is one of size. The accompanying graph shows that the 1963 edition may have entered the logarithmic phase of its growth curve. In 1963, this work displaces approximately 239 cu in, a change from 174 cu in in 1940. The question arises, does this increase in weight and girth represent verbal adiposity or new hard muscular facts? I believe both possibilities rate an affirmative nod. A textbook of medicine must
Interleukin-1-mediated acute lung injury and tolerance to oxidative injury.
Authors: J E Repine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly potent molecule that has a myriad of effects in biologic systems. This brief review describes some of our findings on the effects of IL-1 in biologic systems. On the one hand, IL-1 treatment caused a neutrophil-dependent acute edematous lung injury that resembled changes in the lungs of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On the other hand, IL-1 pretreatment conferred a tolerance to lung oxidative lung injury and ischemia-reperfusion insults--again conditions manifest in sick patients. The potential mechanisms responsible for these seemingly paradoxical influences of IL-1 are described and related to possible strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS, ischemia-reperfusion disorders, and other oxidant-mediated conditions.
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: Howard S. Pitkow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book succeeds<i>Review of Medical Pharmacology</i>, by Meyers, Jawetz, and Goldfien. Edited by B. G. Katzung, some of the important areas covered include drug receptors and pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics of absorption and biotransformation of drugs, autonomic pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor stimulants and antagonists, antihypertensive agents, cardiac glycosides and other agents used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, diuretics, pharmacology of the CNS drugs such as anticonvulsants and anesthetics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, endocrine pharmacology, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial drugs, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic drugs, cancer chemotherapy, and drugs and the immune system. Written by several prominent researchers and scientists, each chapter begins with a section on the basic pharmacology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the agents under discussion. This is followed by a section on clinical pharmacology, which deals with relevant information regarding the clinical use of drugs on the various
Impact of 99mTc-HMPAO Brain Perfusion Scan in the Diagnosis of Hemiplegic Migraine
Authors: Jose M. Jiménez-Hoyuela, Tomader Amrani-Raissouni, Alejandro Gallardo-Tur, Francisco Moya-Espinosa, Francisco Padilla-Parrado
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is an unusual type of migraine, with few cases reported in the literature. Unlike other types of migraine, aura HM presents accompanying motor deficit manifestations that do not last more than 24 hours. We report a 27-year-old man referred to us from the emergency department to carry out a cerebral perfusion SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO. He presented with intense headache and motor weakness. The brain perfusion scan was performed before and after intravenous infusion with nimodipine and showed a significant change of cerebral blood flow, allowing early and correct diagnosis