tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P04.23 * PROMOTOR HYPERMETHYLATION OF MGMT, P15, P16 AND RB1 IN PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA
Authors: C. Sippl, S. Urbschat, Y. J. Kim, J. Oertel, R. Ketter
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Pilocytic astrocytomas are WHO grade I gliomas occurring mainly in the childhood and adolescent ages. Promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a very common mechanism in CNS neoplasias which is generally associated with their transcriptional silencing. MATERIAL & METHODS: Using MS-PCR, we analyzed the methylation status of the tumor suppressor genes p15, p16, RB1, and MGMT in n = 18 pilocytic astrocytomas. Furthermore, all tumour samples were tested for the R132H mutation of the IDH1 gene by use of immunohistochemical staining. The results of the MGMT methylation analysis were correlated with the individual clinical and demographical data as well as with the progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Each of the 18 pilocytic astrocytoma specimen presented unmethylated in the investigated promoter regions of p16 and RB1. For the p15 gene, 1/18 tumor sample showed a positive methylation signal (5.6%). This single case presented with an extraordinary aggressive clinical course including frequent local recurrences with meningeal metastases but without tumor upgrading. For the MGMT gene, however, methylation frequency was 44.5% (8/18). Interestingly, when stratified for the MGMT methylation status, the group of methylated pilocytic astrocytomas showed a significantly shortened PFS in the Kaplan-Meier curve compared to their unmethylated counterparts (11.75 Months vs. 74.0 Months; p = 0.041; univariate log rank test). CONCLUSION: Epigenetic mechanisms, in particular the promoter methylation of the MGMT and p15 genes, contrary to the perception of literatur that pilocytic astrocytomas are commonly unmethylated, may obviously have an impact on the clinical course in pilocytic astrocytoma disease.
A comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome attending separate fatigue clinics based in immunology and psychiatry
Authors: P D White, A J Pinching, A Rakib, M Castle, B Hedge, S Priebe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Hospital clinics for patients with chronic unexplained fatigue are held in departments of various disciplines. This causes difficulties for referrers in choosing the appropriate clinic and for researchers in generalizing findings from one type of clinic to others. We randomly selected 37 outpatients attending an immunology fatigue clinic and 36 outpatients attending a psychiatry fatigue clinic, all of whom had chronic fatigue syndrome. We compared demographic factors, symptoms, disability, quality of life, psychological distress and illness attributions. The patients from the two clinics were closely similar in their specific symptoms, disability, quality of life, psychological distress and previous attendance to mental health professionals. Psychological distress was high and equal in the two samples. The proportion of men was greater among patients attending the immunology clinic. In a post-hoc analysis, 64% of immunology attenders attributed their fatigue to physical factors, compared with 31% of psychiatry clinic attenders (χ2=6.35, 1 d.f., P=0.01). These findings suggest that research data from one type of chronic fatigue clinic can be generalized to others. Clinically similar patients are referred to different clinics, and the choice of clinic may be influenced by the patients' illness beliefs. The high levels of emotional distress suggest that psychosocial management is as important as physical management in hospital outpatients with chronic fatigue syndrome, irrespective of its aetiology.
Xanthine Nephropathy in a Patient with Lymphosarcoma Treated with Allopurinol
Authors: Pierre R. Band, Donald S. Silverberg, J. Frank Henderson, Raymond A. Ulan, Ronald H. Wensel, Tarit K. Banerjee, Adam S. Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ALLOPURINOL is an agent of proved value for the treatment of hyperuricemic and hyperuricosuric states.1 , 2 Both allopurinol and its principal metabolic product, oxypurinol, inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase that normally converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid.1 , 2 In hematopoietic cancer uric acid excretions may be increased two to four times.1 Hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria may become even more marked after therapy with anticancer agents or radiation. The rapid lysis of cells can lead to abrupt elevation of serum uric acid, hyperuricosuria, urinary-stone formation and urinary-tract obstruction. In these patients the prophylactic use of allopurinol is generally advised, the drug . . .
Conditioning the Cochlea to Facilitate Survival and Integration of Exogenous Cells into the Auditory Epithelium
Authors: Yong-Ho Park, Kevin F. Wilson, Yoshihisa Ueda, Hiu Tung Wong, Lisa A. Beyer, Donald L. Swiderski, David F. Dolan, Yehoash Raphael
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The mammalian auditory epithelium (AE) cannot replace supporting cells and hair cells once they are lost. Therefore, sensorineural hearing loss associated with missing cells is permanent. This inability to regenerate critical cell types makes the AE a potential target for cell replacement therapies such as stem cell transplantation. Inserting stem cells into the AE of deaf ears is a complicated task due to the hostile, high potassium environment of the scala media in the cochlea, and the robust junctional complexes between cells in the AE that resist stem cell integration. Here, we evaluate whether temporarily reducing potassium levels in the scala media and disrupting the junctions in the AE make the cochlear environment more receptive and facilitate survival and integration of transplanted cells. We used sodium caprate to transiently disrupt the AE junctions, replaced endolymph with perilymph, and blocked stria vascularis pumps with furosemide. We determined that these three steps facilitated survival of HeLa cells in the scala media for at least 7 days and that some of the implanted cells formed a junctional contact with native AE cells. The data suggest that manipulation of the cochlear environment facilitates survival and integration of exogenously transplanted HeLa cells in the scala media. The mammalian auditory epithelium (AE) cannot replace supporting cells and hair cells once they are lost. Therefore, sensorineural hearing loss associated with missing cells is permanent. This inability to regenerate critical cell types makes the AE a potential target for cell replacement therapies such as stem cell transplantation. Inserting stem cells into the AE of deaf ears is a complicated task due to the hostile, high potassium environment of the scala media in the cochlea, and the robust junctional complexes between cells in the AE that resist stem cell integration. Here, we evaluate whether temporarily reducing potassium levels in the scala media and disrupting the junctions in the AE make the cochlear environment more receptive and facilitate survival and integration of transplanted cells. We used sodium caprate to transiently disrupt the AE junctions, replaced endolymph with perilymph, and blocked stria vascularis pumps with furosemide. We determined that these three steps facilitated survival of HeLa cells in the scala media for at least 7 days and that some of the implanted cells formed a junctional contact with native AE cells. The data suggest that manipulation of the cochlear environment facilitates survival and integration of exogenously transplanted HeLa cells in the scala media.
Rib Lesions on Bone Scan After Thoracotomy
Authors: FRANK DE GEETER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Hot spots on the ribs were observed on the bone scan of a patient who underwent thoracotomy for metastatic pulmonary disease 12 days earlier. Although retraction during surgical intervention has been mentioned as an uncommon cause of increased accumulation of bone tracers, to the authors’ knowledge this is the first case in which this phenomenon is documented. A history of recent thoracic surgery as well as the location of the hot spots at the operative site and close to each other may serve as clues to this interpretation. Awareness of this cause of hot spots may avoid other unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
Anesthesia on an Other Than Empty Stomach-Reply
Authors: Ronald M. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  I appreciate the opportunity to reply to the thoughtful comments by Dr Gevirtz. I tend to agree with him on all counts. To address them in reverse order, it certainly is worth reminding the surgical staff that patients may aspirate gastric contents during surgery, even without general anesthesia. For example, the patient could convulse or lose protective airway reflexes following an unintended intravenous injection of local anesthetic. At my hospital, the office of the physician scheduling surgery is, unfortunately, often the only place that anyone has an opportunity to warn hard-to-contact patients to fast preoperatively.  I take little comfort from defensive notes that I write in patients' charts. I believe that I have a duty to discuss the situation and the options with the patient to arrive at a feeling for what is in her or his best interests. For example, delaying anesthesia on the grounds of minimal
Fast and sensitive detection of Trichophyton rubrum DNA from the nail samples of patients with onychomycosis by a double-round polymerase chain reaction-based assay
Authors: A.K. Gupta, M. Zaman, J. Singh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in onychomycosis. Isolation of T. rubrum from nail samples by traditional methods is time-consuming and has a high false-negative rate of detection.To investigate the detection of T. rubrum in nail samples using DNA detection methods.A total of 62 nail samples from onychomycosis patients with T. rubrum infection were evaluated by culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar plus chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and gentamicin and compared with genotyping methods utilizing DNA extracted directly from nails. Trichophyton rubrum DNA isolated directly from nails was amplified using two different conserved regions [actin gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS)] in double-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.Forty-eight of 62 (77.4%) samples were potassium hydroxide (KOH) positive, but T. rubrum culture was positive in only 14 of 62 (22.6%) samples. By contrast, direct T. rubrum DNA detection rate was 59.7% (37/62) by actin gene and 45.2% (28/62) by ITS1 region PCR assays corresponding to higher detection frequencies compared with culture with P < 0.001 and < 0.008, respectively. The combined detection of actin and ITS1 was 69.4% (43/62). Interestingly, T. rubrum DNA was detected in 9 out of 14 (64.3%) of KOH- and culture-negative samples. Importantly, 15 culture-negative samples collected from patients undergoing antifungal treatment tested PCR positive using the actin region.These results suggest that a direct DNA detection protocol is more sensitive, accurate and faster than traditional culture-based methods. It can be useful to detect T. rubrum in patients undergoing antifungal therapy and who have been reported mycologically cured on the basis of a culture-based method.
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma in situ originating from gastric squamous metaplasia
Authors: Y. Oono, K. Fu, E. Nagahisa, T. Kuwata, H. Ikematsu, T. Yano, T. Kojima, K. Minashi, S. Fujii, A. Ochiai, K. Kaneko
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare in the stomach [1]. Although there is only one published case of detection at an early stage [2], all reported cases underwent surgical resection. We describe a case of SCC in situ arising from squamous metaplasia in the stomach, which was successfully treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
1065 Anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo6a9pyrene (BPDE), a carcinogenic metabolite of Benzo6a9pyrene (BP), alters intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells
Authors: H JYONOUCHI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Reduction by Propranolol of Myocardial Necrosis following Temporary Coronary Artery Occlusion in Dogs
Authors: KEITH A. REIMER, MARGARET M. RASMUSSEN, ROBERT B. JENNINGS
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The effect of propranolol on the severity of myocardial necrosis following 40 minutes of temporary coronary artery occlusion was assessed in dogs. The circumflex coronary artery was occluded 1-2 cm from the aorta in open-chest dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. One group of dogs was untreated and a second group received propranolol (5.0 mg/kg, iv) 10 minutes prior to the occlusion. After 40 minutes the clamp was removed and arterial perfusion was restored. Dogs which survived this procedure were killed 2-5 days later for gross and histologic assessment of the necrosis. The relative area of necrosis (percent of fibers involved) in the posterior papillary muscle of each heart was quantified from stained histologic sections prepared from serial longitudinal slices of each posterior papillary muscle. Dogs treated with propranolol showed significantly less necrosis than did untreated controls, but the mechanism of the drug's action remains unknown. During coronary artery occlusion, propranolol-treated dogs exhibited somewhat lower heart rates, systolic blood pressures, and S-T segment elevations than did untreated dogs. However, none of these latter differences between groups was significant.
US model for hospital care at home reduces costs and increases patient satisfaction
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An innovative “hospital at home” acute care programme has reduced costs by 19% with similar or better clinical outcomes and increased patient satisfaction, an analysis has found. The programme combines daily home visits by doctors and nurses with telemedicine technology.

The ongoing programme at Presbyterian Healthcare Services in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was offered to those who met entry criteria, and a total of 582 patients (93%) enrolled between October 2008 and April 2012. It was adapted from a model developed at Johns Hopkins University. The controls were patients with similar conditions and demographics—including those who declined to enroll and those who were not offered the option because of severity of disease, limited mobility, or distance.

“The savings were predominately derived from lower average length of stay [3.3 v 4.5 days’ mean stay in hospital] and use …
Europe set to tackle zoonotic infections
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

On Sept 2, 2004, more than 300 of Europe's top scientists in 16 institutes and organisations in ten European countries came together to launch "Med-Vet-Net", a new "virtual institute" that will deal with prevention and control of zoonotic diseases. "The virtual institute will, at last, create the critical mass of European scientists needed to attack the problems caused by zoonosis", says Diane Newell, scientific coordinator of the project in the Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK.
Neurological and Hepatic Disorders Associated with Influenza
Authors: C. C. Kapila, S. Kaul, S. C. Kapur, T. S. Kalayanam, D. Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (1958)

PNEUMONIA COMPLICATING ASIAN INFLUENZAI jBNAL 1311 lung abscesses.Isolated instances of direct spread of infec- tion to the heart and embolic spread to the brain occurred, with fatal consequences. SummaryThe clinical and pathological records and radiographs of 165 patients with pneumonia complicating influenza admitted to the 10 London undergraduate teaching hospitals in the autumn of 1957 are reviewed.Of these, 20 (12%) were instances of staphylococcal pneumonia.The non-staphylococcal *cases are compared with the staphylococcal cases, together with a further 135 instances of staphylococcal pneumonia complicating influenza during the same period which were derived from hospitals in and near London, mainly in the North-east Metropolitan Region and from the three armed Services.The severer course and higher mortality in the staphylo- coccal series are discussed.The clinical assessment and emergency treatment of fulminating influenza are described, with special refer- ence to bacteriology, choice of antibiotics, steroid therapy, and tracheobronchial intubation.In order to enlarge experience of the severer forms of influenzal pneumonia and the less common forms of treatment, the records of 79 cases were added to the above series, making a total of 379 cases.We record our sincere thanks to the many physicians and pathologists who made the collection of so large a series possible, particularly the medical committees of the 10 London under- graduate teaching hospitals, the Senior Administrative Medical Officer, and the medical committees of the hospitals in the North- east Metropolitan Region.and the Medical Directors General and medical officers of the Royal Navy, Army.and Royal Air Force.
Myopathy in Children Receiving High-Dose Inhaled Fluticasone
Authors: Liliane F. De Swert, Carine Wouters, Francis de Zegher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Inhaled corticosteroids are primary controllers of asthma, and they are safe if used in moderate doses.1 Myopathy is a known side effect of oral corticosteroid therapy,2 but it has s...
The Parasite of Rabies
Authors: Paul Bartholow
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The paper of Noguchi on the "Cultivation of the Parasite of Rabies (<i>Jour. Exper. Med.</i>, 1913, xviii, 314; abstr.,The JournalA. M. A., Sept. 20, 1913, p. 993), has a special interest for 993), student of hydrophobia. Is the cause indeed a parasite, or is it, as Ferran supposed, a ferment? Are the Negri bodies parasites, or do they simply enclose an invisible germ, the true parasite, of which the Negri corpuscle is the outward and visible expression? This view, which is probably at present the most illuminating, is represented by two admired and popular authors, Babes, who regards the Negri inclusions as the reaction of the cell to the parasite, and Prowazek, who classifies the parasite among the<i>Chlamydozoa</i>. Both the parasite and the Negri bodies have been connected by some writers with the<i>Protozoa</i>; but in view of the fact that the Negri corpuscles
Long-term Correction of β-Thalassemia With Minimal Cellular Requirement and Transplantation Modalities
Authors: Hady Felfly, Marie Trudel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Determination of minimal criteria, pre-transplantation regimens, and infusion modalities for effective and reproducible bone marrow (BM) therapy in beta-thalassemia is of fundamental importance for clinical application. In this study, using repopulation assays, we first established the minimal proportion of normal BM stem cells that would result in therapeutic benefit in this red blood cell (RBC) disorder. Eight groups of stable chimeric hemizygous beta-thalassemic (hemi-betathal) mice (10-89%) were systematically subjected to cellular, molecular, and patho-physiologic analyses for approximately 2 years. In the chimeric hemi-betathal groups containing 19-24% normal donor cells, all RBC parameters and consequent erythropoiesis were significantly improved. Mice in the 24% chimeric group and above had marked reduction in organ pathology including iron deposits, and survived to a normal lifespan. Altogether, these results established that a range of 19-24% normal BM cells is sufficient for long-term significant correction of the hemi-betathal phenotype. We also determined concomitantly the minimal myelosuppression radiation doses, the number of cells to be infused, and the number of infusions required in order to attain this therapeutic range in hemi-betathal mice. Importantly, with prior minimal myelosuppression with 1 or 2 Gy, and using cell doses of 40 or 60 millions, 100% of the recipients were successfully engrafted at therapeutic levels, provided the cells were administered in two doses. This study has therefore determined the therapeutic chimeric level as 19-24% of normal cells, and has also defined the minimal transplantation modalities necessary for the stable and successful correction of the hemi-betathal phenotype.
Plasma Norepinephrine in Sensory Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Constantine Tsigos, Paul Reed, Cyril Weinkove, Anne White, Robert J Young
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To examine whether changes in circulating norepinephrine are associated with the sensory disturbances of diabetic polyneuropathy. Experimental studies have indicated that NE can excite sprouts from injured nerves, producing pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured supine and erect plasma NE in 13 normal, nondiabetic control subjects and three groups of diabetic patients: 20 without clinical neuropathy, 20 with chronic painful neuropathy, and 15 with painless neuropathy and foot ulceration. Neuropathy was characterized bysymptom and deficit scores, sensory thresholds, electrophysiology, and cardiovascular autonomic function tests. Neuropathic pain was scored by the patients on a linear analogue scale. RESULTS In painless neuropathy, NE levels were greatly reduced (supine, 1.3 nM; erect, 2.2 nM) compared with control subjects (supine, 2.4 nM; erect, 4.0 nM; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and were combined with grossly abnormal autonomic reflexes. NE also was reduced in the diabetic group without neuropathy (supine, 1.7 nM; erect, 2.7 nM; P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. control subjects). By contrast, in painful neuropathy NE levels (supine, 2.2 nM; erect, 3.6 nM) were similar to control subjects and significantly higher than in painless neuropathy (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, NE correlated with the severity of neuropathic pain (r = 0.46, P = 0.02). To assess whether pain, acting as a stressor, could account for the observed differences in NE, we also measured the stress hormones epinephrine and cortisol. They did not differ among the diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS Circulating NE is higher in painful than painless diabetic neuropathy. We suggest that painful neuropathy is associated with a relatively higher number of functioning sympathetic fibers that may contribute to pain.
GW25-e5117 Simultaneous Treatment of Native Aortic Coarctation Combined With Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using a Covered Stent
Authors: Meng Zili, Xi Guo, Shucai Wu, Hui Li, Hongwei Huo, Yonghui Liu, Xinju Wang, Zili Meng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fever — New Perspectives on an Old Phenomenon
Authors: Elisha Atkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Ever since Wunderlich's classic monograph in 1868 on the use of the clinical thermometer, measurement of the patient's body temperature — one of the four vital signs — has become routine. Wunderlich's prophetic words are worth quoting: "The more my observations were multiplied the more firmly rooted did my conviction become of the unparalleled value of this method of investigation, as giving an accurate and reliable insight into the condition of the sick."1 Although factitious fever is widely recognized, the converse (i.e., falsely low body temperature) is not often appreciated.The article by Tandberg and Sklar in this issue presents . . .
The Taming of the NF-κB: PP4R1 Navigates while PP4c Dephosphorylates
Authors: Anastasia Tikhonova, Iannis Aifantis
Journal: Immunity (2012)

The NF-κB signaling pathway is important in the regulation of physiological and malignant hematopoiesis. In this issue of Immunity, Brechmann et al. (2012) identify a phosphatase, PP4R1, that inhibits NF-κB activation in T cells and T cell lymphoma.