tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrating Human Health into Environmental Impact Assessment: An Unrealized Opportunity for Environmental Health and Justice
Authors: Rajiv Bhatia, Aaron Wernham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The National Environmental Policy Act and related state laws require many public agencies to analyze and disclose potentially significant environmental effects of agency actions, including effects on human health. In this paper we review the purpose and procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA), existing regulatory requirements for health effects analysis, and potential barriers to and opportunities for improving integration of human health concerns within the EIA process.We use statutes, regulations, guidelines, court opinions, and empirical research on EIA along with recent case examples of integrated health impact assessment (HIA)/EIA at both the state and federal level.We extract lessons and recommendations for integrated HIA/EIA practice from both existing practices as well as case studies.The case studies demonstrate the adequacy, scope, and power of existing statutory requirements for health analysis within EIA. The following support the success of integrated HIA/EIA: a proponent recognizing EIA as an available regulatory strategy for public health; the openness of the agency conducting the EIA; involvement of public health institutions; and complementary objectives among community stakeholders and health practitioners. We recommend greater collaboration among institutions responsible for EIA, public health institutions, and affected stakeholders along with guidance, resources, and training for integrated HIA/EIA practice.
Another Personal Post
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

HAVING just returned from a three-week visit to the United States, and thus being out of touch with current medical affairs in Britain, I am taking the liberty of indulging once again in writing what I have sometimes described as a "Personal Post." In this I shall try to record my impression of the American medical scene in 1972 as I saw it, but first I must correct what seems to be a misconception about my personal identity and explain how this column began. I am prompted to do so because on more than one occasion during my recent visit, . . .
INDUCED RESISTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, R. Walter Schlesinger, Isabel M. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Under none of the experimental conditions here described was treatment of the infection induced by the virus of Western equine encephalomyelitis in mice and guinea pigs with specific hyperimmune rabbit serum effective if begun after the onset of signs of encephalitis. In mice, after intracerebral inoculation of virus, serum was ineffective when given even before that stage. After peripheral introduction of virus in guinea pigs the disease was completely arrested in certain animals by single or multiple doses of antiserum if treatment was begun within 24 to 48 hours after virus inoculation. In others the incubation period was prolonged to 2 or even as long as 7 weeks. In untreated guinea pigs, injection of virus alone led to active immunity in those which survived. Antiserum blocked the antigenicity of active virus in the serum-treated animals. The decrease in titer in the sera of all antiserum-treated animals proceeded at the same rate as in those of control guinea pigs which received antiserum alone. Thus it was not possible to predict which ones would survive and which would succumb after a prolonged incubation period. Delayed fatal disease occurred at a time when the neutralizing antibody of the treated guinea pigs had fallen to a low titer. It is therefore likely that the virus which persisted throughout this long incubation period had been prevented from passing to and infecting other cells but reached them when antibody fell to an ineffective level in the surrounding medium. The relative frequency of such delayed reactions limits to a further extent the degree to which antiserum can be depended on for effective treatment of infection with the virus of equine encephalomyelitis.
An Outbreak of Malaria in US Army Rangers Returning From Afghanistan
Authors: Russ S. Kotwal
Journal: JAMA (2005)

With numerous US military personnel currently deployed throughout the world, military and civilian health care professionals may encounter imported malaria from this population.To identify malaria in US Army personnel deployed to a combat zone.Case series in the US Army health care system. A total of 38 cases of malaria were identified in a 725-man Ranger Task Force that deployed to eastern Afghanistan between June and September 2002.Identification of malaria cases and soldiers' self-report of compliance with antimalarial measures.A total of 38 patients were infected with Plasmodium vivax, yielding an attack rate of 52.4 cases per 1000 soldiers. Diagnosis was confirmed a median of 233 days (range, 1-339 days) after return from the malaria endemic region, with additional laboratory findings noting anemia and thrombocytopenia. One case was complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the patient's primary attack and a spontaneous pneumothorax during relapse. This case accounted for 1 of 2 relapse cases in the study population. From an anonymous postdeployment survey of 72% (521/725) of the task force, the self-reported compliance rate was 52% for weekly chemoprophylaxis, 41% for terminal (postdeployment) chemoprophylaxis, 31% for both weekly and terminal chemoprophylaxis, 82% for treating uniforms with permethrin, and 29% for application of insect repellent.Delayed clinical presentation can occur with P vivax. Symptoms are often vague, but malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis for soldiers returning from an endemic region. Suboptimal compliance with preventive measures can result in a malaria outbreak.
REVENUE FOR CONDUCTING THE WORK OF STATE BOARDS OF DENTAL EXAMINERS.
Authors: George L Parmele
Journal: JAMA (1901)

power or no degree-conferring institution should be in- corporated without the approval of the Council of Edu- cation."If such a condition could be made National there would be no further cause for criticism by foreign nations, who now claim that the degree-conferring power in America is without proper supervision.With the University lies the power of appointing our boards of medical and dental examiners, from candi-
Abstract 4599: Sequential monitoring of single-cell copy number variation in metastatic prostate cancer.
Authors: Peter Kuhn, Angel E. Dago, Asya Stepansky, Anders Carlsson, Natalie Felch, Madelyn Luttgen, Anand Kolatkar, James Hicks, Mitchell E. Gross
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The high-definition circulating tumor cell (HD-CTC) assay provides for an enrichment-free approach to CTC identification. Here, we utilized the HD-CTC approach to study androgen receptor (AR) expression combined with single-nucleus sequencing for genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) in sequential CTCs samples obtained from a patient with metastatic prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate (an androgen synthesis inhibitor). At baseline, before initiation of abiraterone treatment, we observed a balanced proportion of AR-negative and AR-positive CTCs. During a brief period of clinical response (marked with a decreased serum PSA and decreased pain) the proportion of AR-positive CTCs declined followed by a rapid increase associated with clinical progression (increased PSA and pain). CNV analysis of single CTCs revealed multiple genomic rearrangements, such as AR amplification along with the chromosomal gains and losses typical of prostate cancer, in multiple cells at baseline. During treatment response, the frequency of CNV alterations significantly declined, followed by a reemergence to a pattern of multiple, complex alterations associated with clinical progression. Detailed analysis of the CNV profiles revealed that many abnormalities were commonly shared between the CTC populations, but a number were unique to the AR+ resistant/hormone refractory CTC population including increased MYC amplification alteration and the AR amplicon that include additional adjacent genes. Remarkably, the reconstruction of tumor lineage history based on the CTC genomic profiles enables us to trace and identify the precise treatment time point where the putative therapy-resistant CTC clone emerges, under therapeutic pressure, until it eventually expanded to become the AR+ resistant CTC population at the point of therapeutic relapse. Overall, our results demonstrated that the integration of the HD-CTC enumeration technology with protein expression and single cell genomic analyses could successfully be applied to real time monitoring of ADT therapy emergent change in a prostate cancer patient, and may provide a direct roadmap for personalized cancer medicine in the near future. Citation Format: Peter Kuhn, Angel E. Dago, Asya Stepansky, Anders Carlsson, Natalie Felch, Madelyn Luttgen, Anand Kolatkar, James Hicks, Mitchell E. Gross. Sequential monitoring of single-cell copy number variation in metastatic prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4599. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4599
Never a cross word
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Medical crossword enthusiasts can take heart. Last year the BMJ , under pressure from the Action on Crosswords for Doctors Campaign (ACDC), set up a committee to consider the pros and cons of a weekly puzzle. Its report, after many hours of silent deliberation and Biro clicking, is almost ready. A draft (partly in pencil) has been leaked and, in the interests of openness, here is a summary.⇑

For : A crossword creates a strong sense of …
Strategies for Preventing HIV Transmission—Reply
Authors: Carl W. Dieffenbach
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Which career first?: Women don't want it all, but they may want children
Authors: Ray Noble
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The use of the phrase “epidemic of pregnancy in middle age”1 is loaded with value judgments and implies that pregnancy in middle age is akin to a disease. An epidemic by definition is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time or a sudden, widespread occurrence of an undesirable phenomenon. In the words of Bewley et …
Heberden Oration, 1952: Rheumatism: a National Problem
Authors: None Horder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

The patient is a 45-year-old man diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene and underwent treatment for septic shock, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and extensive surgical debridement of perineum, including total scrotectomy, ischiorectal fossa, abdomen and left superior thigh and flank. The patient required multiple staged complex reconstruction of the scrotum utilising prelaminated superior medial thigh flaps with use of dermal matrix, split-thickness skin grafting and pedicled gracilis muscle flap for coverage of the ischiorectal wound. The patient had full recovery and followed up 1 year postoperatively. This report discusses our technique for total scrotal reconstruction and provides review of surgical reconstructive techniques for wounds due to Fournier’s gangrene.
Quantitative Ischemia Detection During Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Stress Testing by Use of FastHARP
Authors: Dara L. Kraitchman, Smita Sampath, Ernesto Castillo, John A. Derbyshire, Raymond C. Boston, David A. Bluemke, Bernhard L. Gerber, Jerry L. Prince, Nael F. Osman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Because ECG alterations caused by ischemia cannot be reliably detected in the high-field MRI environment, detection of wall motion abnormalities is often used to ensure patient safety during stress testing. However, an experienced observer is needed to detect these abnormalities. In this study, we investigate the use of fast harmonic phase (FastHARP) MRI for the quantitative, operator-independent detection of the onset of ischemia during acute coronary occlusion. Methods and Results— Eight mongrel dogs underwent an acute 2-minute closed-chest coronary artery occlusion while continuous FastHARP images were acquired. Full regional wall strain was determined every other heartbeat in a single short-axis imaging slice. After 5 minutes of reperfusion, a second 2-minute ischemic episode was induced during the acquisition of conventional cine wall-motion images. The time at which ECG alterations were observed during the first ischemic period was recorded. The time from occlusion to the detection of ischemia, based on a consensus of 2 blinded observers, was determined for MRI. No significant ischemia was present in 2 animals. In the remaining animals, the onset of ischemia was detected significantly earlier by FastHARP than by cine MRI (9.5±5 versus 33±14 seconds, P &lt;0.01). HARP ischemia detection preceded ECG changes, on average, by 54 seconds. Conclusions— The rapid acquisition and detection of induced ischemia with FastHARP MRI shows promise as a nonsubjective method to diagnose significant coronary lesions during MR stress testing.
Nineteenth-century ideas on hemisphere differences and “duality of mind”
Authors: Anne Harrington
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1985)

Abstract It is widely felt that the sorts of ideas current in modern laterality and split-brain research are largely without precedent in the behavioral and brain sciences. This paper not only challenges that view, but makes a first attempt to define the relevance of older concepts and data to present research programs. In the 19th century, there was a body of literature that held that many mental pathologies could be explained by supposing that each individual potentially had two conscious brains. Madness resulted when these begin to interfere with each other or otherwise functioned independently. The left-sided localization of language by Broca in the 1860s complicated matters by showing that the two brain halves functioned differently. Broca argued that functional asymmetry was a reflection of man's capacity to “perfect” himself; soon, the left hemisphere was transformed into the superior, uniquely human side of the brain. Considerable effort then went into seeing how far the functions of the right hemisphere complemented those of the left. The resulting dichotomies of mind and brain interacted—and sometimes also conflicted—with “duality of mind” theories. In the 1880s, the Paris school of neurology helped bring about a revival of interest in these theories with its startling metalloscopy and hemihypnosis experiments. A section of this target article is devoted to the views of Hughlings Jackson. Jackson's physiological/philosophical writings on hemisphere specialization and mental duality largely set him outside of the rest of the 19th-century tradition. The article concludes that at least some of the data gathered in the 19th century might prove useful or interesting to certain investigators today. More important, it asks how far an awareness of the “time-bound” nature of 19th-century concepts should change the way in which one surveys the laterality scene today.
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. INVERSION OF THE UTERUS, DUE TO A LARGE POLYPUS ; SUPERFICIAL NECROSIS OF BOTH UTERUS AND TUMOUR; SUDDEN EXTRUSION OF THE ENTIRE MASS THROUGH THE VULVA; REMOVAL OF TUMOUR, WITH SUBSEQUENT REDUCTION OF THE INVERSION ; REMARKS
Authors: D CULLINGWORTH
Journal: The Lancet (1890)
Pregnancy is a special case
Authors: N. A. Alwan, Z. Z. R. Hamady, J. E. Cade
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The recent Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) report recommends reducing red and processed meat consumption to 70 mg/day because of links with colorectal cancer.1 2 This recommendation is largely based on evidence from prospective studies in middle aged and elderly participants.

Around 25% of women of reproductive age in Western societies have …
Prognostic significance of ST segment depression in lateral leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 on the admission electrocardiogram in patients with a first acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation
Authors: José A Barrabés, Jaume Figueras, Cristina Moure, Josefa Cortadellas, Jordi Soler-Soler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
A paradoxical reduction in susceptibility to colonic injury upon targeted transgenic ablation of goblet cells
Authors: Hiroshi Itoh, Paul L. Beck, Nagamu Inoue, Ramnik Xavier, Daniel K. Podolsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Goblet cells are the major mucus-producing cells of the intestine and are presumed to play an important role in mucosal protection. However, their functional role has not been directly assessed in vivo. In initial studies, a 5′ flanking sequence of the murine intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) gene was found to confer goblet cell–specific expression of a transgene. To assess the role of goblet cells in the intestine, we generated transgenic mice in which ∼60% of goblet cells were ablated by the expression of an attenuated diphtheria toxin (DT) gene driven by the ITF promoter; other cell lineages were unaffected. We administered 2 exogenous agents, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and acetic acid, to assess the susceptibility of mITF/DT-A transgenic mice to colonic injury. After oral administration of DSS, 55% of control mice died, whereas DT transgenic mice retained their body weight and less than 5% died. Similarly, 30% of the wild-type mice died after mucosal administration of acetic acid, compared with 3.2% of the transgenic mice. Despite the reduction in goblet-cell number, the total amount of ITF was increased in the mITF/DT-A transgenic mice, indicating inducible compensatory mechanisms. These results suggest that goblet cells contribute to mucosal protection and repair predominantly through production of trefoil peptides.
The Prognosis of an Abnormal Electrocardiographic Stress Test
Authors: JOSEPH T. DOYLE, SANDRA H. KINCH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Treadmill walking for 10 min at 3 mph against a 5% grade has been used as an electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test as part of a prospective epidemiologic study of 2,437 men. From 1953 through 1966, 22,223 tests have been done without untoward event. The criteria of an abnormal postexercise ECG were ischemic flattening or coving of the S-T segment, T-wave changes consistent with focal left ventricular epicardial ischemia, and paroxysmal left bundle-branch block. Of the 2,003 men exercised two or more times, 264 developed some manifestation of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and in 75 (30%) this was an abnormal ECG response to exercise. They had higher blood pressures and were more often heavy smokers than normal responders. Body weight and serum cholesterol were similar in the two groups. Over the next 5 years there was an 85% probability that these abnormal responders would develop angina pectoris or experience a myocardial infarction. These relatively insensitive but highly specific and reproducible ECG criteria accurately identify men with clinically silent but far-advanced coronary atherosclerosis, attested by the poor prognosis of an abnormal response. An abnormal postexercise ECG is valid evidence of IHD. A submaximal ECG stress test is useful in clinical and epidemiologic studies and might be useful in assessing the effectiveness of efforts to reduce the risk of IHD.
New Drugs Achieve High Cure Rates for Untreated HCV
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ferrous Sulfate Toxicity
Authors: Robert P. Smith, Charles W. Jones, Winston E. Cochran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

FERROUS sulfate is generally considered a wholly innocuous drug. It is universally prescribed and with some abandon. The bulk of the research related to it has concerned its beneficial effects in anemias. Reports of toxicity are rare and, indeed, only 1 such case is to be found in the American literature of the last sixty years. Reports of 2 fatal cases in England stimulated descriptions of similar cases, with pertinent discussion and research. It seems important, therefore, to describe the following case in considerable detail — not only to draw attention to a drug that can be harmful and even . . .
Resuscitation teaching room in a district general hospital: concept and practice.
Authors: P J Baskett, P G Lawler, R B Hudson, A P Makepeace, C Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Practical training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation presents a problem because of the shortage of teacher time and the many potential trainees. A resuscitation teaching room in district general hospital has been established, equipped with training mannikins and models, together with wall diagrams and cassette recordings. The arrangement enables many trainees to gain training in small groups with minimal demand on teachers. Experience with the room in use has suggested that the concept may have an application in many district general hospitals and possibly also in large industrial concerns.