tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SYMPTOMS OF TYPHOID FEVER IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
Authors: J. P. CROZER GRIFFITH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

A number of articles on typhoid fever in children have appeared within the last few years. Among these may be mentioned those of Schavoir,<sup>1</sup>Adams,<sup>2</sup>Weill and Lesieur,<sup>3</sup>Haushalter,<sup>4</sup>Glenard,<sup>5</sup>Variot and Dévé,<sup>6</sup>Jacobi,<sup>7</sup>Roemheld,<sup>8</sup>Morse,<sup>9</sup>Stowell,<sup>10</sup>and others. I have also gone into the matter with some care in a previous publication,<sup>11</sup>and I shall therefore on this occasion make no effort to give any statistical consideration to the symptoms of the disease as seen in children, but content myself with a brief expression of what seems to me to represent most generally accepted opinions, and more especially my own views on the subject. The symptoms of typhoid fever as occurring in children often differ materially in many respects from those seen in adult life. To insist that the cardinal symptoms must always be present in early life
Gastric and duodenal polyps in familial polyposis coli.
Authors: T Ranzi, D Castagnone, P Velio, P Bianchi, E E Polli
Journal: Gut (1981)

Endoscopy with multiple biopsies of the upper gastrointestinal tract was repeated yearly over a two to six year period in nine patients with familial polyposis coli from three families. Adenomatous polyps, one to 20 in number and 2-8 mm in size, were detected in the antrum and the first and second duodenal portions in seven patients, while hyperplastic polyps were detected in four patients in the gastric body. In two patients adenomatous tubules were observed in the biopsies of endoscopically normal mucosa from the same area where adenomatous polyps later developed. Lymphoid polyps were detected in the antrum in three cases. Double contrast radiology correlated poorly with endoscopy in the gastric body; it allowed detection of polyps in the third duodenal portion in two more patients. These results confirm that the incidence of adenomas in the upper gastrointestinal tract in familial polyposis coli may be higher than previously suspected.
Leptin rapidly suppresses insulin release from insulinoma cells, rat and human islets and, in vivo, in mice.
Authors: R N Kulkarni, Z L Wang, R M Wang, J D Hurley, D M Smith, M A Ghatei, D J Withers, J V Gardiner, C J Bailey, S R Bloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Obesity is associated with diabetes, and leptin is known to be elevated in obesity. To investigate whether leptin has a direct effect on insulin secretion, isolated rat and human islets and cultured insulinoma cells were studied. In all cases, mouse leptin inhibited insulin secretion at concentrations within the plasma range reported in humans. Insulin mRNA expression was also suppressed in the cultured cells and rat islets. The long form of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) mRNA was present in the islets and insulinoma cell lines. To determine the significance of these findings in vivo, normal fed mice were injected with two doses of leptin. A significant decrease in plasma insulin and associated rise in glucose concentration were observed. Fasted normal and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice showed no response to leptin. A dose of leptin, which mimicked that found in normal mice, was administered to leptin-deficient, hyperinsulinemic ob/ob mice. This caused a marked lowering of plasma insulin concentration and a doubling of plasma glucose. Thus, leptin has a powerful acute inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. These results suggest that the action of leptin may be one mechanism by which excess adipose tissue could acutely impair carbohydrate metabolism.
878 RENAL DYSFUNCTION DURING PEG-IFN + RBV+ TVR TREATMENT
Authors: M. Nakamuta, M. Kohjima, T. Yoshimoto, M. Kurokawa, T. Nakamura, M. Iwata, N. Fukushima, K. Fukuizumi, N. Fujimori, K. Kawabe, K. Haraguchi, Y. Sumida, N. Harada, H. Nomura, M. Enjoji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
776 GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE LIGAND-BINDING SITE OF THE NS3.4A PROTEASE AND IMPACT ON PEPTIDOMIMETIC INHIBITORS IN HCV-1A
Authors: C. Welsch, T. Shimakami, C. Hartmann, F.S. Domingues, T. Lengauer, S. Lemon, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hypoalbuminemia increases lysophosphatidylcholine in low-density lipoprotein of normocholesterolemic subjects
Authors: Thi Danh Vuong, Eric S.G. Stroes, Nel Willekes-Koolschijn, Ton J. Rabelink, Hein A. Koomans, Jaap A. Joles
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Charles H. Hennekens, Julie E. Buring, Nader Rifai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Since inflammation is believed to have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, measurement of markers of inflammation has been proposed as a method to improve the prediction of the risk of these events.
Tumours and pseudotumours of the region of the ampulla of Vater: an endoscopic, clinical and pathological study.
Authors: T Leese, J P Neoptolemos, K P West, I C Talbot, D L Carr-Locke
Journal: Gut (1986)

From a large series of patients referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to one endoscopist, 49 patients had the duodenoscopic appearance of a periampullary tumour. Thirty eight of these lesions were neoplastic, but the remaining 11 patients had inflammatory non-neoplastic lesions (pseudotumours). These could not be distinguished from the neoplasms on endoscopic appearances. The cholangiopancreatograms were similar except that the diameter of the pancreatic duct tended to be higher in the tumour group and gall stones were present significantly more often in the patients with pseudotumour. Endoscopic biopsy correctly diagnosed 28 of 34 ampullary carcinomas. Two of the 11 pseudotumour patients were subjected to surgical excision biopsy because of suspicious histological features of endoscopic biopsy. In the neoplastic group 19 patients underwent Whipple's procedure, seven surgical bypass, seven endoscopic sphincterotomy only and five died without successful biliary drainage. The overall one year survival was 44.7%. By contrast, the patients with pseudotumours were clinically well at a median follow up 24 months (range 12-41 months), after endoscopic sphincterotomy except for one 89 year old patient who died 22 months later from unrelated causes.
Extrastimulus-related shortening of the first postpacing interval in digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia: Observations during programmed electrical stimulation in the conscious dog
Authors: Anton P.M. Gorgels, Henriette D.M. Beekman, Pedro Brugada, Willem R.M. Dassen, David A.B. Richards, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in Nine California Counties: Results from CALFINE
Authors: Bart Ostro, Rachel Broadwin, Shelley Green, Wen-Ying Feng, Michael Lipsett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Many epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an association between daily counts of mortality and ambient particulate matter<10 microm in diameter (PM10). Relatively few studies, however, have investigated the relationship of mortality with fine particles [PM<2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5)], especially in a multicity setting. We examined associations between PM2.5 and daily mortality in nine heavily populated California counties using data from 1999 through 2002. We considered daily counts of all-cause mortality and several cause-specific subcategories (respiratory, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes). We also examined these associations among several subpopulations, including the elderly (>65 years of age), males, females, non-high school graduates, whites, and Hispanics. We used Poisson multiple regression models incorporating natural or penalized splines to control for covariates that could affect daily counts of mortality, including time, seasonality, temperature, humidity, and day of the week. We used meta-analyses using random-effects models to pool the observations in all nine counties. The analysis revealed associations of PM2.5 levels with several mortality categories. Specifically, a 10-microg/m3 change in 2-day average PM2.5 concentration corresponded to a 0.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.0%) increase in all-cause mortality, with similar or greater effect estimates for several other subpopulations and mortality subcategories, including respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, age>65 years, females, deaths out of the hospital, and non-high school graduates. Results were generally insensitive to model specification and the type of spline model used. This analysis adds to the growing body of evidence linking PM2.5 with daily mortality.
Physician Investigators for Academic Medicine
Authors: THOMAS W. BURNS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Editorials1 November 1984Physician Investigators for Academic MedicineTHOMAS W. BURNS, M.D.THOMAS W. BURNS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-5-708 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn contrast to speculation about the future of the physician investigator, real information on academic medicine manpower has been provided by a little-known committee of the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine. A decade ago, the National Research and Service Awards Act (NRSA) (P.L. 93-348), the legislation that established training grants and fellowships in biomedical and behavioral fields, required that an oversight committee publish periodic reports. Consequently the National Academy of Sciences formed the Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Personnel to assess research personnel needs, the distribution of such personnel by subject area, and the kind...References1. . Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; 1983. Google Scholar2. BURNS T. Manpower needs for academic medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:611-2. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BEVER A. A quantitative assessment of fundamental and targeted clinical research at NIAMDD. Perspect Biol Med. 1980;23:525-33. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. FEINSTEINKOSSAUSTIN ANJ. The changing emphasis in clinical research: an analysis of the submitted abstracts and selected programs at the annual "Atlantic City Meetings during 1953 through 1965. Ann Intern Med. 1967;66:396-419. LinkGoogle Scholar5. FISHMANJOLLY AP. Ph. D.s in clinical departments. Physiologist. 1981;24:17-21. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAfter the Fellowship — basic research?Training in academic radiation oncology in the U.S.: A report to the inter society council for radiation oncologyThe flight from medical academeCyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate response to dopamine in mouse lymphoid cells and cell linesUrinary Excretion of Cyclic Nucleotides, Creatinine Prostaglandin E 2 and Thromboxane B 2 from Mice Exposed to Whole-body Irradiation from an Enhanced Neutron FieldEnticing real and potential cardiovascular researchers away from research 1 November 1984Volume 101, Issue 5Page: 708-709KeywordsAcademic medicineFellowshipsForecastingLegislation Issue Published: 1 November 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Promise and Limitations of Home Visitation
Authors: Deanna S. Gomby
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new medical therapy for Cushing disease?
Authors: Fredric E. Wondisford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Members of the ErbB family of cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors are important targets for cancer treatment because they frequently contribute to the pathogenesis of malignancy. In this issue of the JCI, Fukuoka et al. generate data that suggest that using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; also known as ErbB1) may be a novel approach for treating patients with hypercortisolemia due to pituitary corticotroph adenomas (Cushing disease). While surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment for individuals with such tumors, this study suggests that TKIs could perhaps be used to reduce tumor size prior to surgery or to treat recurrent disease after surgery.
Gelsolin, a Ca2+-dependent actin-binding protein in a hamster insulin-secreting cell line.
Authors: T Y Nelson, A E Boyd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Using a gel overlay technique we have previously described a 90,000-mol wt actin-binding protein in a number of hormone-secreting tissues and tentatively identified this protein as gelsolin. Gelsolin is a protein that cuts or solates cross-linked actin filaments and can also serve as a nucleating site for actin polymerization. The objective of this study was to isolate this protein from a hamster insulin-secreting (HIT) cell line and compare the immunologic properties and peptide maps of purified rabbit macrophage gelsolin, human platelet gelsolin, and the HIT cell 90,000-mol wt protein. DNase I-Sepharose retained the HIT cell actin-binding proteins in 1 mM CaCl2; some of the 90,000-mol wt protein could then be eluted with 1 mM EGTA. The remaining actin-binding proteins were eluted using a buffer containing SDS. The EGTA peak fractions contained two major protein bands of Mr = 90,000 and 42,000, which suggested that a 90,000-mol wt-actin complex was eluted from the DNase I-Sepharose column. Specific antibodies to the human platelet and rabbit macrophage gelsolins bound to the 90,000-mol wt bands in the eluates, but did not crossreact with other actin-binding proteins. Indirect immunofluorescence using an anti-human platelet gelsolin antibody localized the 90,000-mol wt protein to stress fibers that were also stained with phalloidin, which suggested that gelsolin is associated with actin in vivo. Tryptic peptide maps of all three radioiodinated gelsolins were virtually indistinguishable. Thus, gelsolin is a highly conserved gene product found in at least three diverse cell types, an insulin-secreting beta cell line, macrophages, and platelets, and may link a transient increase in Ca2+ cellular levels with changes in actin polymerization and/or the gel-sol state of these cells.
Load Versus Humoral Activation in the Genesis of Early Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Chari Y.T. Hart, Donna M. Meyer, Henry D. Tazelaar, Joseph P. Grande, John C. Burnett Jr, Philippe R. Housmans, Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — The role of load versus angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET) in the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease is controversial. We sought to determine whether alterations in cardiac structure and function due to hypertension (HTN) were dependent on Ang II or ET activation. Methods and Results — Bilateral renal wrapping to produce HTN (n=12) or sham surgery (n=6) was performed in adult dogs. Weekly blood pressure, plasma renin activity, Ang II, ET, and catecholamines were measured. Systolic (end-systolic elastance, Ees) and diastolic (τ) function were assessed in sham and HTN dogs at 5 (HTN-5wk) or 12 (HTN-12wk) weeks. Ang II and ET were assayed in the left ventricle (LV) and kidney. Mean arterial pressure was higher in renal wrap dogs at week 1 (* P &lt;0.05 versus controls: 139±4* versus 123±4 mm Hg), week 5 (174±7* versus 124±4 mm Hg), and week 12 (181±12* versus 124±4 mm Hg). LV mass index was increased in HTN-5wk (22%*) and HTN-12wk (39%*). LV fibrosis was increased in HTN-12wk. Ees was preserved in HTN-5wk and HTN-12wk. τ was increased in HTN-5wk (50±3* ms) and HTN-12wk (62±10* ms) dogs compared with sham (41±2 ms). Plasma Ang II, ET, catecholamines, and plasma renin activity were unchanged during the progressive HTN. Ang II and ET in LV and kidney were not different from controls. Conclusions — Systemic HTN induces LV hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and isolated diastolic dysfunction in the absence of local or systemic activation of Ang II or ET. These findings suggest that load is the prevailing stimulus for the structural and functional changes associated with early hypertensive heart disease.
Hepadnaviruses and retroviruses share genome homology and features of replication
Authors: William S. Robinson, Roger H. Miller, Patricia L. Marion
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The hepadnavirus family includes hepatitis B virus (HBV), woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). These viruses share unique ultrastructural, molecular and biological features. HBV has great medical importance in many parts of the world. More important numerically than acute hepatitis B in high prevalence geographic regions is the liver disease associated with chronic infection. There appear to be more than 200 million chronically infected humans in the world, and these HBV infections appear to be the single most common cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in man. All hepadnaviruses share the propensity for silent infection in early life leading to persistence of the virus, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is clearly associated with long-standing persistent infection in man, woodchucks and ground squirrels. Although the viral DNA has been found to be integrated in cellular DNA of many HCC in man, woodchucks and ground squirrels, the precise role of the virus in tumor formation has not been defined. Hepadna viruses have an interesting molecular structure and mechanisms of replication, and they appear to share certain important features with retroviruses as reviewed here. It is of interest to define similarities and differences between hepadnaviruses and retroviruses in order to understand their evolutionary relationship and to determine whether they share a common oncogenic mechanism, since infection with members of both virus families is associated with neoplastic disease.
Informed Consent in Clinical Care
Authors: Yael Schenker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypersensitivity to Mercuhydrin
Authors: JOHN F. WHITMAN, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Specific hypersensitivity to the mercurial component of meralluride sodium was induced by a series of intramuscular injections in 12 patients who were being treated for congestive heart failure. Reactions were characterized by fever and systemic symptoms and were precipitated in hypersentitive patients by minute amounts of the drug. No untoward effects resulted from administration of full therapeutic doses of two other mercurial diuretics. Reactions appeared to be modified or inhibited by the action of tripelennamine hydrochloride and British anti-lewisite (BAL); eventual disappearance of the allergic response was demonstrated in two patients.
Unilateral hypertranslucency of the left hemithorax due to aneurysm of the thoracic aorta
Authors: S. Loukides, S. Lachanis, K. Katsoulis, P. Panagou, K. Bougas, T. Papavergos
Journal: Thorax (1997)

A 19 year old man presented with a six months history of dyspnoea on exertion. Chest radiographs, isotopic lung scans, and computed tomographic scans of the chest showed unilateral translucency of the left lung, absence of ventilation and perfusion in the same lung, and a 3.5 cm aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta which compressed the left mainstem bronchus.
Balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation of aorta. Immediate and long-term results.
Authors: Z M Hijazi, J T Fahey, C S Kleinman, W E Hellenbrand
Journal: Circulation (1991)

As angioplasty techniques have been refined and larger low-profile balloons developed, a nonsurgical approach to recoarctation has become available. Several reports have documented both the efficacy and safety of this procedure. However, there are little data available on the long-term follow-up of these patients. This report details the initial results and long-term evaluation of both the relief of obstruction and the presence of hypertension after balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation.Balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation of the aorta was performed 29 times in 26 patients at a median age of 4 years and 9 months (range, 4 months to 29 years), with eight patients less than 1 year old. Initial surgical techniques were end-to-end anastomosis in 11 patients, subclavian flap aortoplasty in 11 patients, and patch aortoplasty in four patients. Angioplasty was performed at a median interval of 2 years and 7 months (range, 4 months to 23 years) after surgery. Mean peak systolic pressure difference across the coarctation decreased from 40.0 +/- 16.8 to 10.3 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) after the initial angioplasty, and mean diameter of the aortic lumen at the coarctation site increased from 5.8 +/- 3.5 to 9.0 +/- 4.3 mm (p less than 0.05). There was no mortality, and only one patient developed an aneurysm (4%). Three patients underwent repeat angioplasty for a pressure difference of more than 20 mm Hg. Long-term follow-up is available on 24 of 26 patients with a mean follow-up of 42 +/- 24 months (range, 12-88 months). Mean peak systolic pressure difference across the area of coarctation decreased from 40.3 +/- 17.4 before angioplasty to 8.5 +/- 8.3 mm Hg after final angioplasty (p less than 0.05) and 7.5 +/- 7.5 mm Hg at follow-up. Mean peak systolic blood pressure in the upper extremities decreased from 133.1 +/- 14.9 before angioplasty to 111.1 +/- 14.1 mm Hg at long-term follow-up (p less than 0.05).Balloon angioplasty should be considered the treatment of choice for relief of recurrent aortic coarctation.