tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Needlestick Injury Associated With Venipuncture
Authors: Samuel Perry
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Accidental needlestick exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during venipuncture has been attributed to recapping or disposal of needles,<sup>1</sup>inexperience,<sup>2</sup>and failure to take recommended precautions.<sup>3</sup>Herein we report that experienced personnel are at risk of needlestick exposure even under apparently low-risk conditions. Over the past 5 years, we have been studying the psychological and behavioral effects of HIV testing and counseling.<sup>4</sup>Before engaging in our study, three nurse venipuncturists received extensive training in the procedures and recommended precautions for avoiding needlestick injury. The nurses were aware that there was no urgency in obtaining the blood samples either at entry or at follow-up assessments. They also knew that subjects were at high risk for HIV infection: of 702 adults, 247 (35%) were HIV positive. Nevertheless, after the nurses had worked in the study for at least 6 months, four accidental needlestick exposures occurred.
Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the mediastinum
Authors: T. Ikeda, T. Ishihara, H. Yoshimatsu, K. Kikuchi, M. Murakami, K. Kobayashi, H. Inoue, M. Kasahara
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Ikeda, T., Ishihara, T., Yoshimatsu, H., Kikuchi, K., Murakami, M., Kobayashi, K., Inoue, H., and Kasahara, M. (1974)</b>. <i>Thorax</i>, 582-588. <b>Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the mediastinum</b>. A 22-year-old man with primary osteogenic sarcoma of the superior mediastinum is reported. This case is the second instance of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the mediastinum and the first case of superior mediastinal origin to be reported. The patient had local recurrence one year after the first operation. After resection of the recurrent tumour with left upper lobectomy and partial pericardectomy followed by radiation, he has been well for more than five years without recurrence. Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma of soft tissue is very rare and has been reported in 103 patients. The five-year survival of patients with extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma is 22·4%. The distribution and prognosis of this tumour are similar to those of rhabdomyosarcoma in soft tissue. Primary amputation or wide excision is the treatment of choice.
Long term prognosis after occlusion of middle cerebral artery.
Authors: T Sacquegna, P De Carolis, A Andreoli, R Ferrara, P Limoni, C Testa, E Lugaresi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Seventy patients who had developed occlusion of the middle cerebral artery confirmed by angiography between 1970 and 1980 were followed up after an average of six years. Fourteen patients had died in the acute stage of the initial stroke. In the remaining 56 patients actuarial analysis showed that the observed incidence of survival for five years was 81.8% compared with an incidence of 94.1% in a matched normal population. Six patients sustained new strokes, four of which were ipsilateral to the middle cerebral artery occlusion. The observed cumulative incidence of subsequent strokes was 2% a year for the first five years of follow up. Twelve patients developed epileptic seizures.
A prospective, randomized controlled trial of chronic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy
Authors: Jacob Korula, Luis A. Balart, George Radvan, Bruce E. Zweiban, Alan W. Larson, Henry W. Kao, Suyenori Yamada
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The results of a prospective, randomized controlled trial of chronic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy conducted over a 38-month period are presented. One-hundred twenty patients were randomized following variceal bleeding, 63 to esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and 57 to control. Mean follow-up was similar in both groups (esophageal variceal sclerotherapy, 12.5 +/- 8.8 months; control, 14.9 +/- 6.6 months). Twenty-one percent of the patients in each group were lost to follow-up. Esophageal variceal sclerotherapy decreased rebleeding as evidenced by a decrease in the mean bleeding risk factor, transfusion requirement and by an increase in bleeding free interval; differences between the treated and control groups in these parameters were especially significant after variceal obliteration. A high incidence of asymptomatic ulceration and low frequency of strictures were notable effects of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. Cumulative life table analysis revealed no differences in survival between esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and control groups. However, when patients who received portal-systemic shunt surgery (esophageal variceal sclerotherapy, 6%; control, 28%) were removed from the analysis at the time the shunt surgery was performed (defining the shunt as an endpoint, a significant difference in survival (p less than 0.05, F ratios) in favor of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy was observed.
Islet Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatic Cholera, and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Authors: DAVID Y. GRAHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Three patients with profuse diarrhea, hypokalemia, metastatic nonbeta islet cell carcinoma, and the absence of gastric hypersecretion were found to have elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide. One patient also had elevated serum gastrin levels. Two patients experienced prolonged remissions of diarrhea after operations in which only tumor biopsies were done. These cases further implicate vasoactive intestinal peptide as the agent mediating the diarrhea in the syndrome of pancreatic cholera.
Standardized or Unstandardized Stress?-Reply
Authors: Samuel Bellet
Journal: JAMA (1964)

With reference to the types of exercise to be performed, the problem is twofold: (1) I would agree that the exercise may be generally tailored to that suitable for the particular individual, and it should conform to the type that tends to reproduce the pain. This may include, as has been stated by Scherf and others, bending, bicycling, stairclimbing, etc. The object is to determine the type of exercise that will produce either the symptom of chest pain or positive electrocardiographic changes. It should be noted that pain may occur without electrocardiographic changes and electrocardiographic changes may occur without pain.<sup>1</sup>(2) It is to some advantage to standardize the exercise as to both the type and the speed with which the exercise is performed; this has the advantage of permitting comparison of results by the same observer at different times as well as by other observers; otherwise, such comparisons
A CASE OF TUMOR OF THE HYPOPHYSIS
Authors: CHARLES HARRISON FRAZIER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>MEDICAL NOTES BY DR. LLOYD</h3> The following case occurred recently in my wards at the Philadelphia General Hospital. As a hypophyseal case it is noteworthy for two things, namely, the presence of marked pressure or "neighborhood" symptoms, and the absence of a distinct cachexia either of acromegaly or of the dystrophia adiposogenitalis. The patient was neither infantile nor acromegalic; he was not overgrown or undergrown; he was neither too fat nor too lean; neither too large nor too small; his sexual organs were normally developed and he did not have a "hypotrichosis" either of his face or of his pubes; he had no craving for sweets, nor had he any diabetes or polyuria, and his temperature range was normal. What he did have was rapid onset of blindness with headache and vomiting, and he presented, under the Roentgen ray, the evidence of a pituitary tumor. In addition to headache he had
HYPOGLYCEMIA AND ACIDOSIS
Authors: FRITZ B. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Recent advances in the field of biologic chemistry have thrown new lights on clinical pediatrics, and, during the last few years, have modified the conception of the clinical entity, acidosis in childhood. Howland and Marriott,<sup>1</sup>in 1916, drew attention to the fact that in severe acidosis the alkali reserve of the body was greatly lowered. Later, Gamble, Ross and Tisdall<sup>2</sup>showed that the alkali reserve in the blood of fasting children was lowered "in consequence of the unusually large concentration of organic acids in the blood plasma." It thus became apparent that a lowered alkali reserve or blood bicarbonate resulted from excessive formation of ketone acids. It has long been recognized that the ketones result from incomplete combustion of fats, and that a certain minimum amount of carbohydrate must be present before complete oxidation can take place. Our attention was therefore directed toward the sugar in the blood
Aberrant Ventricular Conduction of Escaped Beats
Authors: ALFRED PICK
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Escape beats recorded in clinical electrocardiograms sometimes differ in contour and QRS duration from conducted beats, and this in spite of their having a relatively short cycle length. This suggests a location of the subsidiary pacemaker above the bifurcation of the common A-V bundle. While this, unlike other types of aberrant ventricular conduction, cannot be explained on a functional basis, recent investigations on the structure of the normal A-V junction suggest that "paraspecific" A-V connections may act as preferential pathways to the ventricles in some A-V nodal escape beats. Difficulties and guides in differentiating A-V nodal from ventricular escapes under such circumstances are pointed out. On the basis of clinical, electrocardiographic and anatomic facts such a normal preferential A-V conduction must be distinguished from an abnormal accessory A-V conduction causing the pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome. However, the two may occur in association.
High-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy in ulcerative colitis: a valid tool for in vivo optical biopsy and assessment of disease extent
Authors: D. Hurlstone, D. Sanders, M. McAlindon, M. Thomson, S. Cross
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy is currently considered to be the “gold standard” investigation for the evaluation of disease activity and disease extent in ulcerative colitis. Conventional colonoscopic criteria are inadequate for assessing disease extent and for predicting clinical relapse, however. Histopathological markers of relapse, such as microscopic crypt abscess formation and mucin depletion cannot be identified using conventional endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy for the in vivo assessment of histopathological inflammation and disease extent using standardised endoscopic and histopathological criteria. Patients and methods: Total colonoscopy using the Olympus CF240Z magnifying colonoscope was performed prospectively in 325 consecutive patients with a known diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. A “biphasic” examination of all five colonic segments and the rectum was performed with conventional endoscopy followed by magnification imaging and biopsy. Disease activity was documented using Baron’s classification, modified Saitoh criteria for magnification imaging, and Matts’ histopathological grading. Results: A total of 1800 images from 300 patients were analyzed (25 patients were excluded). The kappa coefficients of agreement between Saitoh’s magnification criteria grades 1/2, 3/4, and 5/6 and Matts' histopathological grades 1/2, 3a/b, and 4/5 were 0.96, 0.62, and 0.51, respectively. Mild, moderate, and severe histopathological disease (Matts' grades 1/2, 3a - 4, and 5) were represented more accurately using Saitoh’s criteria than by conventional Baron scores for all clinical parameters (r = 0.976; P < 0.001). Magnification imaging was significantly better than conventional colonoscopy for predicting disease extent in vivo (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This is the largest prospective study and the only Western group to report on this application of magnification imaging. High-magnification imaging provides a sensitive and specific in vivo “virtual biopsy” in ulcerative colitis and so an instant biomarker for disease relapse, while accurately predicting disease extent. High-accuracy optical biopsy can limit the number of biopsies required, with significant cost savings for pathology services.
Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Renée E. Poupon, Eveline Eschwège, Raoul Poupon, R. Poupon, R.E. Poupon, E. Eschwège, P. Attali, J.P. Capron, S. Erlinger, M. Beaugrand, J.C. Trinchet, F. Blanc, E. Vaucher, P. Calès, J.P. Capron, D. Capron-Chivrac, C. Plane, Ph. Cassan, T. Morin, J.C. Chaput, T. Poynard, P. Couzigou, Y. Deugnier, P. Brissot, D. Dhumeaux, J.M. Métreau, S. Erlinger, F. Degos, J.P. Etienne, C. Buffet, H. Fouin-Fortunet, A. Gauthier, P.M. Huet, B. Willems, V.G. Lévy, J.P. Miguet, P. Opolon, O. Bousquet, G. Parelon, H. Michel, E.A. Pariente, J.C. Paris, J.Ph. Ancelin, R. Poupon, Y. Calmus, A. Valla, J.C. Verwaerde, G. Paumgartner, C. Degott, S. Zafrany, P. Callard, R.E. Poupon, B. Balkau, Y. Chrétien, B. Pineau, P. Grand, P. Attali, P. Morselli, C. Claussmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Inappropriate Postexercise Hyperventilation
Authors: ROGER M. KATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 July 1970Inappropriate Postexercise HyperventilationROGER M. KATZ, M.D.ROGER M. KATZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The studies by Ferguson, Addington, and Gaensler (1) do not appear to support their conclusions. Although the authors rightfully point out the possibility of an association between dyspnea and hypocapnia, their methods and results are weak in supportive data. It can be noted that their patient selection doesn't differentiate asthmatic patients with exercise-induced bronchospasm from the other groups. In addition, the study spans 19 years, and this is reflected in the individual patients' recorded data. Thus, the studies are probably not done at similar times nor under similar conditions. Most important, the charts and the figure differ...References1. FERGUSONADDINGTONGAENSLER AWE: Dyspnea and bronchospasm from inappropriate post-exercise hyperventilation. Ann Intern Med 71:1063-1072, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KATZWHIPHEIMLICH RBE: Physiologic changes in exercise induced bronchospasm (abstract). Presented in 1969 at the 25th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy. Google Scholar1. MORONEY M: Facts from Figures, 3rd ed. Baltimore, Penguin Books, 1965, pp. 220-221 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pediatrics University of California Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsChartsDyspnea Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion as treatment for diffuse scleroderma
Authors: H. Ihn, Y. Mimura, N. Yazawa, M. Jinnin, Y. Asano, K. Yamane, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion as treatment for diffuse scleroderma Get access H. Ihn, H. Ihn Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Dermatology & Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1‐1‐1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0078, Japan E‐mail: ihn‐der@kaiju.medic.kumamoto‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Mimura, Y. Mimura Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Yazawa, N. Yazawa Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Jinnin, M. Jinnin Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Asano, Y. Asano Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Yamane, K. Yamane Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamaki K. Tamaki Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 5, 1 May 2007, Pages 1058–1060, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07777.x Published: 01 May 2007
Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in synovial cells from patients with reactive arthritis
Authors: K. Granfors, S. Jalkanen, O. Mäki-Ikola, R. Lahesmaa-Rantala, R. Saario, A. Toivanen, A.A. Lindberg, R. von Essen, H. Isomaki, W.J. Arnold
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Personalizing Age of Cancer Screening Cessation Based on Comorbid Conditions: Model Estimates of Harms and Benefits
Authors: Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Roman Gulati, Angela B. Mariotto, Clyde B. Schechter, Tiago M. de Carvalho, Amy B. Knudsen, Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn, Eveline A.M. Heijnsdijk, Chester Pabiniak, Marjolein van Ballegooijen, Carolyn M. Rutter, Karen M. Kuntz, Eric J. Feuer, Ruth Etzioni, Harry J. de Koning, Ann G. Zauber, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Harms and benefits of cancer screening depend on age and comorbid conditions, but reliable estimates are lacking. Objective: To estimate the harms and benefits of cancer screening by age and comorbid conditions to inform decisions about screening cessation. Design: Collaborative modeling with 7 cancer simulation models and common data on average and comorbid condition level–specific life expectancy. Setting: U.S. population. Patients: U.S. cohorts aged 66 to 90 years in 2010 with average health or 1 of 4 comorbid condition levels: none, mild, moderate, or severe. Intervention: Mammography, prostate-specific antigen testing, or fecal immunochemical testing. Measurements: Lifetime cancer deaths prevented and life-years gained (benefits); false-positive test results and overdiagnosed cancer cases (harms). For each comorbid condition level, the age at which harms and benefits of screening were similar to that for persons with average health having screening at age 74 years. Results: Screening 1000 women with average life expectancy at age 74 years for breast cancer resulted in 79 to 96 (range across models) false-positive results, 0.5 to 0.8 overdiagnosed cancer cases, and 0.7 to 0.9 prevented cancer deaths. Although absolute numbers of harms and benefits differed across cancer sites, the ages at which to cease screening were consistent across models and cancer sites. For persons with no, mild, moderate, and severe comorbid conditions, screening until ages 76, 74, 72, and 66 years, respectively, resulted in harms and benefits similar to average-health persons. Limitation: Comorbid conditions influenced only life expectancy. Conclusion: Comorbid conditions are an important determinant of harms and benefits of screening. Estimates of screening benefits and harms by comorbid condition can inform discussions between providers and patients about personalizing screening cessation decisions. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Thiazolidinediones Enhance Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Absorption from Renal Proximal Tubules via PPARγ-Dependent Nongenomic Signaling
Authors: Yoko Endo, Masashi Suzuki, Hideomi Yamada, Shoko Horita, Motoei Kunimi, Osamu Yamazaki, Ayumi Shirai, Motonobu Nakamura, Naoyuki Iso-O, Yuehong Li, Masumi Hara, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Nobuo Moriyama, Akihiko Kudo, Hayato Kawakami, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Naoto Kubota, Takashi Kadowaki, Haruki Kume, Yutaka Enomoto, Yukio Homma, George Seki, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Tumour necrosis factor alpha changes porcine intestinal ion transport through a paracrine mechanism involving prostaglandins.
Authors: H M Kandil, H M Berschneider, R A Argenzio
Journal: Gut (1994)

Prostaglandins stimulate electrogenic anion secretion and inhibit sodium chloride absorption in cryptosporidium induced pig diarrhoea. Because tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is an early mediator of inflammation and stimulates prostaglandin secretion, we investigated its effect on intestinal ion transport. Cryptosporidium infected pig ileum showed higher macrophage infiltration and tissue TNF alpha-like activity than uninfected tissues (p < 0.05, n = 4 and p < 0.05, n = 12, respectively). TNF alpha treatment of control porcine ileal mucosa increased the short circuit current (Isc), a measurement of net anion secretion in this model (p < 0.001, n = 23). This effect was blocked by 10(-6) M indomethacin and Cl- replacement. Neither acute treatment nor preincubation of colonic intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (T84) with TNF alpha stimulated the Isc. However, co-mounting of TNF alpha preincubated pig jejunal fibroblasts (P2JF) monolayers back to back with untreated T84 monolayers dose-dependently induced an indomethacin sensitive increase in Isc compared with values in untreated co-mounted monolayers (p < 0.001, n = 11). These data suggest that in infectious diarrhoea, TNF alpha may induce Cl- secretion through a paracrine mechanism involving prostaglandin release from subepithelial cells, for example fibroblasts.
Ga-67 Imaging in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: CARL JOHAN EDELING
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

One hundred sixty-nine children suspected of having malignant disease were examined by Ga-67 scintigraphy. In 99 children with untreated diseases at the time of examination, abnormal accumulation of Ga-67 was found in 51 patients, including 40 with malignant tumor. Forty-three negative results were obtained in children with benign disorders. Five false-negative results were obtained in patients with neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland. In 70 children with malignant diseases treated before the examination, abnormal accumulation of Ga-67 was seen in 40 patients, including 38 with malignant disease and two with no clinical evidence of recurrence. Normal results were obtained in 30 patients, including 11 still suffering from malignant disease. The results of Ga-67 scintigraphy in all of the children were evaluated qualitatively. For the final diagnosis of malignant disease, diagnostic specificity was 86% and diagnostic sensitivity 79%. The prevalence of malignant disease was 56%. It is concluded that Ga-67 scintigraphy should be used for primary visualization and control of malignant tumors in children.
Irinophore C™, a lipid-based nanoparticulate formulation of irinotecan, is more effective than free irinotecan when used to treat an orthotopic glioblastoma model
Authors: M. Verreault, D. Strutt, D. Masin, M. Anantha, D. Waterhouse, D.T. Yapp, M.B. Bally
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Studies in vivo of the effect of unconjugated bilirubin on hepatic phosphorylation and respiration.
Authors: S Schenker, D W McCandless, E Wittgenstein
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Unconjugated bilirubin is believed to be toxic to the brain in neonates.Pre- vious work in vitro has shown an important effect on depression of cell respiration and phosphoryla- tion.The present study in vivo fails to confirm these findings in the liver.The exact mechanism of kernicterus remains uncertain.
Molecular allelokaryotyping of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias by high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide genomic microarray
Authors: Norihiko Kawamata, Seishi Ogawa, Martin Zimmermann, Motohiro Kato, Masashi Sanada, Kari Hemminki, Go Yamatomo, Yasuhito Nannya, Rolf Koehler, Thomas Flohr, Carl W. Miller, Jochen Harbott, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Martin Stanulla, Martin Schrappe, Claus R. Bartram, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2007)