tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BI-10 * pH-WEIGHTED MRI IN HUMAN GLIOMAS
Authors: R. Harris, T. Cloughesy, L. Liau, A. Lai, P. Nghiemphu, D. Li, W. Pope, B. Ellingson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Regions of proliferating tumor are characterized by extracellular acidosis and hypoxia. Additionally, tumor cells utilize glutamine and other amino acids for fuel, resulting in elevated extracellular concentrations of glutamine in areas of metabolically active tumor. In the current study we explore the use of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI targeting exchangeable protons on the amine functional group in free amino acids as a pH-weighted imaging biomarker for non-invasively identifying regions of low pH, suggestive of regions with active tumor. The dependence of CEST contrast on pH was measured for three amino acids, and the dependence of CEST contrast on metabolite concentration was measured for glutamine. CEST data was collected in a cohort of twelve GBM patients undergoing radiochemotherapy. CEST data and corresponding histology were collected in a patient with suspected low grade glioma and a GBM patient at tumor recurrence. Results show a sigmoidal relationship between CEST contrast and pH within a range of 5.0-8.0. CEST contrast increased with both decreasing pH and increasing amino acid concentration, and the three amino acids produced similar CEST signatures within a physiologically relevant range of pH (6.0-7.0). Clinically, some patients who showed elevated CEST contrast in the tumor region appeared to show an increase in tumor volume at six months post-treatment, while a patient who did not show elevated CEST contrast in the tumor region appeared to show a slight decrease in tumor volume at six months post-treatment. In biopsy patients, regions of CEST contrast suggestive of low pH and active tumor correctly identified proliferative tumor, while areas suggestive of normal pH showed gliosis. In summary, results suggest CEST imaging of the amine functional group on free amino acids is sensitive to acidic pH and elevated amino acid concentration, allowing non-invasive identification of metabolically active tumor with a high specificity.
Multifactorial Etiology of Disease
Authors: John L. Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial by Samuel Vaisrub, MD (241:830, 1979), suggests that "multifactorial etiology" is either an ad hoc concept, a way station along the path to the cause of a disease, or a substantive final statement about the nature of disease. In the latter case, research about "risk factors" and "life-styles" is emphasized rather than a quest for a single cause. The implication is that red-blooded scientists should be going after paydirt rather than vague or muddled factors. Dr Vaisrub uses the term "cause" indiscriminately. Few diseases, notably some genetic disorders, have substrates identified as both necessary and sufficient. Tuberculosis, which he uses as an example, and many other infectious diseases, are truly multifactorial. The tubercle bacillus may be the cause of infection, but infection leads to disease in only a small percentage of cases. In fact, poor nutrition and overcrowding may cause the disease, given an infectious
WHO praises China's control measures for SARS
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) continues to slow, the World Health Organization has reduced its advice about not visiting certain places to only two areas — Beijing and Taiwan. The advice not to visit Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Tianjin was lifted last week, and nine provinces and municipalities were removed from the list of areas with recent local transmission.

This came after Dr David Heymann, WHO's executive director for communicable diseases, visited Beijing to look into the sharp drop in the number of SARS cases in China. At the end of his visit Dr Heymann praised China's infection control measures, including surveillance of passengers on trains, buses, and …
Irreversible Lactic Acidosis Associated With Phenformin Therapy
Authors: Robert E. Tranquada
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The authors describe three cases of fatal acidosis observed in women aged 69, 74, and 68 yr. The striking feature was the high concentration of lactic acid in the serum (a maximum of 44 mM/liter in Case 2), as compared with concentrations (maximum 13 mM/liter) found in 23 cases of shock and uremia. The three patients were diabetics who had been treated with phenformin hydrochloride; all had histories of renal disease and infection. The authors recommend caution in the use of phenformin hydrochloride in the treatment of diabetes when renal function has been impaired by acute or chronic disease.
A CASE OF CHEIRO-POMPHOLYX
Authors: FRANK H. BARENDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1895)

A microscopical esaniiiintion of the excised structures revealed appearances like those described in the cases already recorded.The chief interest of the case, apart from the addition of a fresh item to the still scanty record, lies in the treatment adopted-that of excision.The plan is of course not feasible in niany examples, but where it can be carried out, it affords some relief to a disfigurement that has hitherto resisted every remedy, local or general.
Heterogeneity of Myocardial Sleeve Morphology and Gap Junctions in Canine Superior Vena Cava
Authors: Hung-I Yeh, Yu-Jun Lai, Shih-Huang Lee, Yi-Nan Lee, Yu-Shien Ko, Shih-Ann Chen, Nicholas J. Severs, Cheng-Ho Tsai
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — The myocardial sleeve of the superior vena cava (SVC) has been identified as a potential initiating focus in atrial fibrillation, but information on cell-to-cell linkage at this site is lacking. Methods and Results — We examined the SVC in 8 dogs by immunoconfocal and electron microscopy. Cardiomyocytes outlined with vinculin and bearing striations positive for α-actinin are found in the proximal segment of the SVC. These cells, grouped in bundles of various orientations according to location, extend cephalically as far as 3 cm from the right atrium (RA)-SVC junction. Comparison between the junctional level and the level 2 cm distal shows that the myocardial layer in the latter is thinner and not as compact and is composed of longer cells (87.3±15.7 versus 71.6±14.4 μm, P &lt;0.01). Gap junctions made of connexin43 (Cx43), Cx40, and Cx45 are aggregated mainly at the intercalated disks, and colocalization of connexins is a common feature throughout the myocardial sleeve. Areas of atypical expression exist, however, characterized by a center of abundant Cx43 labels surrounded by a periphery of scattered tiny Cx40-labeled spots. Although in the ventral subluminal compact myocardial layer, individual cells at both levels are surrounded by similar numbers of cells, the number of aggregation of labeled gap junctions at the distal level is less (2.3±0.6 versus 3.7±0.9, P &lt;0.01). In addition, electron-microscopic examination demonstrates that the gap junctions at the distal level are smaller in size (0.37±0.30 versus 0.55±0.34 μm, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions — The myocardial sleeve in the canine SVC is a heterogeneous structure, which could potentially form a substrate for heterogeneity of electrical coupling.
Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger, 2005: two stage cluster survey
Authors: A. Reza, B. Tomczyk, V. M Aguayo, N. M Zagre, K. Goumbi, C. Blanton, L. Talley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To apply the famine scale by Howe and Devereux to the situation in Niger, west Africa, in 2005 to retrospectively determine whether famine existed. <b>Design</b> Two stage cluster survey. <b>Setting</b> Survey of households in each of Niger’s eight regions. <b>Participants</b> 4003 households. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Crude mortality, mortality in children under 5, and the proportion of caregivers both nationally and regionally adopting coping strategies to deal with insufficient food needs. <b>Results</b> The estimated national crude mortality rate was 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) deaths per 10 000 per day and under 5 mortality rate was 1.7 (1.4 to 1.9) deaths per 10 000 per day. Nationally, 22.3% (95% confidence interval 19.9% to 24.8%) of caregivers of under 5s did not resort to any coping strategies to deal with insufficient food needs. Reversible coping strategies were, however, used by 5.8% (4.7% to 7.0%) of caregivers, whereas 49.4% (46.9% to 51.8%) relied on irreversible coping strategies and 22.6% (20.0% to 25.4%) on survival strategies. <b>Conclusion</b> On the basis of the famine scale proposed by Howe and Devereux, most regions in Niger experienced food crisis conditions and some areas approached famine proportions.
The consultant's role in continuing medical education of general practitioners: the case of rheumatology.
Authors: E M Badley, J Lee
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Consultant rheumatologists were surveyed by questionnaire about their contribution to the continuing education of general practitioners, and 84% (203/243) replied. Altogether 157 respondents had participated in some form of teaching, 147 in collective teaching sessions such as lectures and 99 in the teaching of small groups. Arthritis comprised 44% of the rheumatological topics taught; there was a noticeable lack of teaching on problems commonly encountered in general practice, such as soft tissue rheumatism and injury and back pain, and on clinical skills including examination and injection of joints. Eighty eight respondents made comments and suggestions. The favoured educational strategies were small group teaching, apprenticeship schemes, and interchange between general practitioners and consultants about shared cases. This contrasts with what was typically done--namely, formal lectures on rheumatoid arthritis in postgraduate medical centres. These findings raise questions about the continuing education of consultants themselves as well as about the consultants' role in teaching others.
Life span and disability in Sweden and Russia: Paper highlights poor health among Russian women
Authors: Martin McKee, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Evgueni Andreev
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR-Bobak et al in their paper on disability in Russia provide further evidence on the high level of morbidity in the Russian population, a finding that is consistent with our earlier reports using a similar method.1 2 3 However, we disagree that these findings are consistent with the World Health Organization's healthy life expectancy project, which reported a malefemale gap in healthy life expectancy of 11.5 years (52.8 years v 64.3 years).4This figure, for healthy life expectancy at birth, would correspond to at least an 89 year gap between the sexes at age 20.Credit: PANOS PICTURES Although Bobak et al do not report healthy life expectancy, their figures for the prevalence of good or fair health or good physical performance show no large gap between the sexes, again consistent with our findings.Computation of healthy life expectancy at age 20 from the table of age specific prevalence of poor health in the paper by Bobak et al produces figures of 34.5 years for men and 35.7 years for 11/27/2015 Life span and disability in Sweden and Russia: Paper highlights poor health among Russian women | The BMJ http://www.bmj.com/content/329/7477/1288.2.full.print?2/2women.This is an even smaller gap than in our estimates of 36.7 for men and 40.6 years for women.3We therefore believe that the main message relates to the plight of Russian women surviving into middle and old age, a group that, as we have previously noted, suffers from high levels of disability and a strong probability of widowhood.Their limited protection from the worst effects of political transition is now under threat from reform of the Russian social security system.
Experience in Medicine: Being the Introductory Address Delivered before the Liverpool Medical Society, October 7th, 1858
Authors: T. Inman
Journal: BMJ (1858)

the brain, nor was the time which had elapsed since the accident by any mneans so long as is usual in cases of this nature, nor had rigors or sweats announced the formation of matter.The fatal result also was unexpectedly sudden; for, though the operation was undertaken without any great expectation of benefit, it was not tlhought that he was actually in the act of death.It will be seen that the pus was not reached, and that it was situated, for the greater portion, in a remote part of the brain.ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL.TWO CASES OF VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULA.Under the care of I. B. BROWN, Esq.CASE I. Rachel K., aged 22, was admitted, under Mr. Brown's care, on October 15th.She was delivered of her first child on
Differences in the Use of Psychiatric Outpatient Services between the United States and Ontario
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Richard G. Frank, Mark Edlund, Steven J. Katz, Elizabeth Lin, Philip Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The relation between health insurance and the use of mental health services is unclear. We compared the use of outpatient services for psychiatric problems in the United States and Ontario, Canada, among young and middle-aged adults according to self-reports of disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) and to other indicators of need.We analyzed two general-population surveys carried out separately in the United States and Ontario in 1990 that used identical assessments of need for services and questions about their use by persons 15 to 54 years of age.Respondents in the United States were significantly more likely than those in Ontario to report having had psychiatric disorders, poor mental health, or workdays lost or cut short because of psychiatric problems in the previous year. A significantly higher proportion of respondents in the United States (13.3 percent) than in Ontario (8.0 percent) had obtained outpatient treatment in the previous 12 months for psychiatric problems. However, an analysis of subgroups found that the higher probability of the use of services in the United States was confined to people with less severe mental illness. The average number of visits did not differ significantly between the two countries among patients who had similar numbers of psychiatric disorders over the same time periods. There was a stronger match in Ontario than in the United States between the use of services and the measures of perceived need we considered.Although the mental health care system in the United States provides treatment to a larger proportion of the population than that in Ontario, the match between some measures of need and treatment is not as strong in the United States. Any plans to expand coverage for psychiatric disorders in the United States must address this problem.
Abstract 1218: Telomerase-specific GFP-expressing adenovirus enables fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) in nude mice
Authors: Shuya Yano, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Ali Maawy, Matthew H.G. Katz, Jason B. Fleming, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Atsushi Suetsugu, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Hiroshi Tazawa, Michael Bouvet, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We have previously developed the genetically-engineered GFP-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-401) which selectively targets tumors. Our laboratory pioneered the patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) model (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9345-9349, 1991). In order to develop fluorescent-guided surgery (FGS) in the clinical setting, we used OBP-401 to label PDOX of pancreatic cancer in nude mice. OBP-401 (ip) effectively labeled pancreatic cancer PDOX in nude mouse models. GFP-expressing PDOX pancreatic tumors were readily resected using fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Our results suggest that OBP-401 therefore has clinical potential for labeling pancreatic cancer for FGS. This is particularly important in pancreatic cancer where positive margins result in most cases of standard surgery, leading to extremely low survival rates. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Ali Maawy, Matthew H.G. Katz, Jason B. Fleming, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Atsushi Suetsugu, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Hiroshi Tazawa, Michael Bouvet, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman. Telomerase-specific GFP-expressing adenovirus enables fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) in nude mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1218
Fatal lung abscess due to Lactobacillus casei ss rhamnosus.
Authors: S S Namnyak, A L Blair, D F Hughes, P McElhinney, M R Donnelly, J Corey
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Abstract A fatal case of community acquired pneumonia due to Lactobacillus casei ss rhamnosus is reported. Clinicians should be aware of this type of pneumonia.
Hepatitis C virus antibodies in chronic alcoholic patients: Association with severity of liver injury
Authors: Albert Parés, Josep María Barrera, Joan Caballería, Guadalupe Ercilla, Miquel Bruguera, Llorenç Caballería, Ricardo Castillo, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody and its relationship to the severity of liver disease in chronic alcoholic patients has been assessed, using a recently developed enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by a recombinant immunoblot assay, in 144 patients (mean age ± S.D. = 44.4 ± 11.3 yr) who had consumed &gt;80 gm/day ethanol for &gt;5 yr. Hepatic disease was evaluated by clinical and biochemical studies and by liver biopsy when appropriate. In addition, 76 liver biopsy specimens from these patients were analyzed to determine whether liver lesions were similar in alcoholic patients with and without hepatitis C virus antibodies. According to clinical and histological features alcoholic patients were divided into five groups: normal liver (45 patients), fibrosteatosis (20 patients), alcoholic hepatitis (14 patients), cirrhosis (61 patients) and chronic hepatitis (4 patients). Hepatitis C virus antibodies were present in 35 alcoholic patients (24.3%). The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies correlated with the severity of liver injury: 2.2% in patients without liver disease, 20% in those with fibrosteatosis, 21.4% in those with alcoholic hepatitis and 42.6% in those with cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in one of the four patients with chronic hepatitis (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, patients positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies with normal liver or fibrosteatosis showed higher serum bilirubin and γ-globulin concentrations and lower aminopyrine breath test scores than did patients negative for hepatitis C virus antibodies with normal liver or fibrosteatosis. Similar differences between patients with and without hepatitis C virus antibodies were observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Histological features, except cells within sinusoids, were comparable in alcoholic patients with and without hepatitis C virus antibodies. The increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in alcoholic patients with severe liver injury and the impaired liver function in patients with these antibodies suggest that hepatitis C virus is involved in liver damage in chronic alcoholic patients (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1295-1299).
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy for Primary Prevention of Sudden Death After Alcohol Septal Ablation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frank A. Cuoco, William H. Spencer, Valerian L. Fernandes, Christopher D. Nielsen, Sherif Nagueh, J. Lacy Sturdivant, Robert B. Leman, J. Marcus Wharton, Michael R. Gold
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Jean Marc Durand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 August 1996Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus InfectionJean Marc Durand, MD, Gilles Kaplanski, MD, and Jacques Soubeyrand, MDJean Marc Durand, MDCHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, Gilles Kaplanski, MDCHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and Jacques Soubeyrand, MDCHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the report by Gumber and Chopra [1] on extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection. We agree that the prevalence of extrahepatic abnormalities, including cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and autoimmune thyroiditis, is high in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We also believe that patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia should be tested for HCV infection. Indeed, thrombocytopenia associated with serologic results positive for HCV has recently been recognized [2, 3]. Immune thrombocytopenia after interferon-α therapy has been noted [4], but this effect is uncommon. We believe that interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C need not ...References1. Gumber SC, Chopra SA. Hepatitis C: a multifaceted disease. Review of extrahepatic manifestations. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:615-20. Google Scholar2. Durand JM, Lefevre P, Telle H, Kaplanski G, Quiles N, Soubeyrand J. Thrombocytopenic purpura and hepatitis C virus infection. Haematologica. 1993; 78:135. Google Scholar3. Dine G, Brahimi S. Thrombopenie de I'adulte associee a une serologie VHC positive. Presse Med. 1993; 22:269. Google Scholar4. Lopez-Morante AJ, Saez-Royuela F, Casanova Valero F, Yuguero del Moral L, Martin Lorente JL, Ojeda Gimenez C. Immune thrombocytopenia after α interferon therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992; 87:809-10. Google Scholar5. Durand JM, Cretel E, Retornaz F, Lefevre P, Kaplanski G, Soubeyrand J. Alpha interferon therapy in thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. J Hepatol. 1994; 21:277. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jean Marc Durand, MD; Gilles Kaplanski, MD; Jacques Soubeyrand, MDAffiliations: CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis C 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 345KeywordsChronic hepatitis CGlomerulonephritisHepatitis C virusIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraInfectious hepatitisInterferonsPorphyriaThyroid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Early intimal lesions in the common carotid artery
Authors: J. BLAND, A. SKORDALAKI, J L EMERY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Early intimal lesions in the common carotid artery Get access JON BLAND, JON BLAND **From the Department of Histopathlogy, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANNA SKORDALAKI, ANNA SKORDALAKI †From the Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J L EMERY J L EMERY **From the Department of Histopathlogy, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 11, November 1986, Pages 863–868, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.11.863 Published: 01 November 1986