tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Dispassionate View
Authors: Russell B. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An abundance of time and talent has been devoted to the devising of remedies for our alleged "crisis" in the provision of medical services for our country. The resulting proposals have been characterized as a wondrous blend of politics, self-interest, and humanitarianism. "Personal Health Services Systems: Desiderata" (this issue p 1683) represents a calm, orderly presentation of the elements inherent in a desirable "system" as conceived by a responsible, scholarly authority in the field of medical care. It will be encouraging to those of a conservative stripe to know that Professor White endeavors to build on the strengths of our present accomplishments, and that he rejects the development of a national health service. They may, however, be unwilling to accept his belief that in this country the medical profession must either organize itself or be organized—at least in any peremptory fashion. Here, with some precision, is presented what may well
An infectious molecular clone of a Japanese genotype 1b hepatitis C virus
Authors: Michael R. Beard, Geoffrey Abell, Masao Honda, Anthony Carroll, Margaret Gartland, Berwyn Clarke, Koyu Suzuki, Robert Lanford, David V. Sangar, Stanley M. Lemon
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We describe an infectious molecular clone of a Japanese genotype 1b strain of hepatitis C virus (HCV-N). The molecularly cloned sequence of HCV-N was compared with alignments of other HCV sequences, leading to the identification of 15 unique, nonconservative amino acid substitutions within the HCV-N open reading frame (ORF). These were repaired to the consensus genotype 1b residue, and the infectivity of RNA transcribed from the repaired clone was assessed by intrahepatic inoculation of a chimpanzee. Viral RNA was first detected in the serum of this chimpanzee 3 weeks following inoculation, and was intermittently present over the next 14 weeks. A strong and persistent anti-HCV serological response developed 13 weeks following inoculation, with seroconversion in the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). A weaker, transient serological response, characterized by seroconversion in a third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but not RIBA, occurred between weeks 1 and 5. This may have represented an anamnestic response to HCV antigens translated directly from the intrahepatically inoculated RNA, because the animal previously had undergone 2 unsuccessful attempts at rescue of HCV by intrahepatic RNA inoculation. There was neither biochemical nor histological evidence of liver disease. Although this is within the range of expected outcomes in an HCV-naive chimpanzee, prior immunologic priming may have modified the infection in this animal. The HCV-N clone is the first infectious molecular clone of HCV that is comprised entirely of genotype 1b sequence, and it contains an ORF sequence that is significantly divergent from that of a previously described genotype 1a/1b chimera.
Effect of novel 1‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpyrid‐4‐one chelators on uptake and release of iron from macrophages
Authors: Jeremy H. Brock, Joan Licéaga, Helen M. L. Arthur, George J. Kontoghiorghes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract The effect of several iron chelators on iron uptake and release by mouse peritoneal macrophages has been investigated. The 1,2‐dimethyl (L1) and 1‐ethyl‐2‐methyl (L1NEt) derivatives of 3‐hydroxypyrid‐4‐one markedly enhanced iron mobilisation from macrophages pulsed with 59 Fe‐transferrin‐antitransferrin immune complexes and were more effective than desferrioxamine, maltol, or mimosine. Release increased with increasing chelator concentration. None of the chelators donated significant amounts of iron to macrophages, and none showed any cytotoxic effect. The synthetic α‐ketohydroxypyridine chelators may therefore be active in removing iron from the reticuloendothelial system as well as from hepatocytes, and indeed may be superior to desferrioxamine.
Prehospital-Initiated vs Hospital-Initiated Thrombolytic Therapy for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. Joseph Perry
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Only occasionally do articles demonstrating no significant differences publish β statistics. In the trial by Weaver et al<sup>1</sup>in which there was a 30% lower mortality rate in the patients treated in a prehospital fashion compared with the control population, there was no significant difference. According to my crude estimates, a trial of this size has about a 38% chance, almost four of 10, of not detecting even a 40% reduction in mortality given the numbers of patients studied. In other words, there is more than one chance in three that the conclusion published here is inaccurate.
Effect of isoproterenol on intracellular pH of the intercalated cells in the rabbit cortical collecting ducts.
Authors: M Hayashi, Y Yamaji, M Iyori, W Kitajima, T Saruta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To examine the mechanisms which regulate the functions of the intercalated cells (ICs) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD), the effect of isoproterenol on intracellular pH (pHi) of ICs was studied with the in vitro microperfused rabbit CCD, using the single cell pHi determination technique with fluorescent dye, 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)carboxyfluorescein. The pHi of beta-IC was significantly decreased with the addition of basolateral 10(-6) M isoproterenol (7.21 +/- 0.04 to 7.05 +/- 0.04), whereas alpha-IC did not show any change. This response of beta-IC to isoproterenol was dose-dependent and completely inhibited by the beta-blockers, atenolol or propranolol. The addition of forskolin or 8-Br-cAMP mimicked the effects of isoproterenol, suggesting that the activation of adenylate cyclase induced the decrease in pHi. The rate of pHi changes after the Cl- removal from the perfusate, which is considered to reflect the activity of luminal anion exchanger, was significantly higher with isoproterenol (0.032 +/- 0.009 pH unit/s) than that in the control (0.023 +/- 0.009 pH unit/s). The present studies provide direct evidence for the regulation of beta-IC function by beta-adrenergic receptor; and the luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger was considered to be stimulated by beta-agonist, directly.
AINHUM.WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: NELSON D. BRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Ainhum, from the Nagos native name, meaning "to saw," may be defined as a pathologic process, the ultimate result of which is a spontaneous amputation of one or more fingers or toes, usually the little toe. This occurs through a slow but gradual circular strangulation. The disease when unchecked inevitably leads to loss of one or more fingers or toes. Generally only the little toes are affected, but cases occur in which other toes are attacked and amputated. <h3>HISTORY OF THE DISEASE.</h3> The affection was first described by Clark,<sup>1</sup>and later by Da Silva Lima<sup>2</sup>of Bahia in 1866, who gave to the medical world the first complete reports of this strange malady. It was at first supposed to be confined exclusively to Brazilian territory. Since then, however, it has been reported from nearly every quarter of the globe. It has been met with most frequently on the
Why and how the problem of the evolution of Universal Grammar (UG) is hard
Authors: Stevan Harnad
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) suggest that language is an organism, like us, and that our brains were not selected for Universal Grammar (UG) capacity; rather, languages were selected for learnability with minimal trial-and-error experience by our brains. This explanation is circular: Where did our brain's selective capacity to learn all and only UG-compliant languages come from?
Rheumatoid Arthritis in a New England Town
Authors: Edgar S. Cathcart, John B. O'Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Examinations for rheumatoid arthritis were made on 4626 persons comprising 77 per cent of the adult population of Sudbury, Massachusetts. With the use of American Rheumatism Association criteria, 3.8 per cent of females and 1.3 per cent of males were rated as having probable or definite rheumatoid arthritis; with the New York clinical criteria, corresponding rates were 0.55 and 0.14 per cent. Although both criteria agreed that rheumatoid arthritis is uncommon below the age of 45 years, they disagreed widely on its frequency in the whole community. This disparity resulted from the high frequency of individual joint symptoms and signs, difficulties in interpreting minimal soft-tissue swelling and the high prevalence of degenerative joint disease. The criteria of the American Rheumatism Association, based on a point system related to individual symptoms, were more affected by these factors than the New York criteria, which required involvement of three joint groups. Rheumatoid arthritis, defined as a chronic polyarthritis, was thus much less frequent than previous population studies in this country had implied.
Expression of t-DARPP Mediates Trastuzumab Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Abbes Belkhiri, Altaf A. Dar, Dun Fa Peng, Mohammad H. Razvi, Cammie Rinehart, Carlos L. Arteaga, Wael El-Rifai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

We have investigated the role of t-DARPP in trastuzumab resistance in ERBB2-amplified and overexpressed breast cancer cell lines.We have used the HR-5 and HR-6 trastuzumab-resistant cells that were established from tumors that recurred in the presence of trastuzumab therapy following xenografts of BT-474 cells in nude mice. In addition, SKBR-3 cells, engineered for stable expression of t-DARPP, and HCC-1569 cells, which have constitutive expression of t-DARPP and are de novo resistant to trastuzumab, were used.We reported > or =15-fold up-regulation of mRNA and protein levels of t-DARPP in HR-5 and HR-6 cells compared with their progenitor BT-474 trastuzumab-sensitive cells. The t-DARPP expression was not regulated by changes in its promoter DNA methylation levels. The SKBR-3 cells stably expressing t-DARPP developed resistance to trastuzumab compared with their parental cells and empty vector controls (P < 0.01). The trastuzumab-resistant cell lines showed a significant increase in pAKT (Ser(473)) and BCL2 protein levels. The small interfering RNA knockdown of t-DARPP in all trastuzumab-resistant cells led to a significant reduction in ERBB2, pAKT (Ser(473)), and BCL2 protein levels with a significant decrease in cell viability (P < or = 0.001) and an increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels, indicating the progression of these cells toward apoptosis. The t-DARPP protein was associated with both heat shock protein 90 and ERBB2 forming a potential protein complex. This association may play a role in regulating ERBB2 protein in trastuzumab-resistant cells.We conclude that t-DARPP is a novel molecular target that can mediate the therapeutic resistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer cells.
HOW TO LIMIT THE OVER-PRODUCTION OF DEFECTIVES AND CRIMINALS.
Authors: J. H. McCASSY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Upon the solution of this problem hangs the fate of home, nation, and civilization. It is the concern of all good citizens to do something to improve posterity. During the past ten years the population of the United States has increased 25 per cent., but during the same period crime increased 60 per cent. The cost to the public for the care of defectives and for the prosecution and support of criminals is enormous, to say nothing about the destruction of life and property, confidence and morality. We go on building asylums, hospitals, reformatories and prisons, and we keep them full. Imbecility, idiocy, insanity, epilepsy, deafness, blindness, incorrigibility, youthful waywardness, adolescent vice, immorality, and adult criminality multiply apace in the land. It is high time to improve the method of preventing over-production of defectives and criminals. We are too prone to assail results or salve over the surface of our
Seeing the Future of Cancer-Associated Transcription Factor Drug Targets
Authors: Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Harry Goldblatt, Joseph R. Kahn, Francis Bayless, Morris A. Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Excision of both carotid sinuses, with or without section of cardio-aortic inhibitor fibers, was not followed by a significant change of femoral mean blood pressure from the normal. This procedure did not interfere with the development of hypertension produced by renal ischemia. There was no significant difference between the levels of hypertension due to renal ischemia in animals with both carotid sinuses previously excised and in those with both carotid sinuses intact. In one of three animals with hypertension due to renal ischemia, in which the elevated blood pressure had gradually subsided, there was a slight and only temporary reelevation of pressure after excision of both carotid sinuses. In the other two animals, excision of the carotid sinuses had no effect on the blood pressure. In all three, however, increased constriction of the renal arteries caused significant and persistent reelevation of the blood pressure. The carotid sinus has no demonstrable influence upon hypertension caused by renal ischemia, although in such animals it probably plays the same part in the regulation of blood pressure as it does in normal animals (7).
Estrogen Receptor α Polymorphisms and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction—Reply
Authors: Stephanie C. E. Schuit, André G. Uitterlinden, Huibert A. P. Pols
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperthyroidism due to Functioning Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: James M. Cerletty
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Two patients had hyperthyroidism secondary to functioning metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma. Failure to control the thyrotoxic state with antithyroid drugs in one patient prior to treatment with radioactive iodine led to exacerbation of the thyrotoxicosis with thyroid storm and death. A second patient, in whom a euthyroid state was induced before radioactive iodine therapy, had a benign posttreatment course. Radioactive iodine therapy of functioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma should be administered with caution and only after adequate preparation of the elderly patient with cardiovascular disease.
Falls and Older Adults
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Falls and Older AdultsF alls are the leading cause of deaths related to injury among people 65 years and older.More than one-third will fall each year; two-thirds of those who fall will fall again within 6 months.Although falling is not normal, older people are more likely to fall because of sensory changes, bones that are less dense, slower reflexes, and reduced strength.These changes affect walking and balance.The January 20, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about care of older adults who fall.
Abstract 2220: Toxicities and antitumor efficacy of tumor-targeted AuNRs in mouse model.
Authors: Xianghong Peng, Megan Mackey, Lauren Austin, Adegboyega Oyelere, Georgia Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, Dong M. Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Near infrared (NIR)-absorbing gold nanorods (AuNRs) can be systemically or locally delivered into tumors and subsequent irradiated by nonionizing NIR laser light, and creates heat to destroy cancer cells, this technique has been demonstrated to dramatically improve the efficacy of conventional plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) without contrast agents or with molecular agents of dye molecules. In the present study, we have synthesized new HNSCP-1-conjugated AuNRs for targeting the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and studied the biodistribution and associated toxicity of such SCCHN-targeted AuNRs in a BALB/c mouse model and SCCHN xenograft models. Our results showed that the conjugation of HNSCP peptide to AuNRs decreased the blood circulation time compared with that of the PEG-coated AuNRs (22nm). The PEG coated-AuNRs (10,000/AuNR, 22nm) were mainly found in the liver(57%) and spleen (38%), while about 92% of the injected HNSCP-1 peptide conjugated-AuNRs (10,000/AuNR) accumulated in the liver (72 hours after AuNRs injection). The tumor-targeted AuNRs increased the accumulation of AuNRs in the tumor mass compared with that of non-targeted AuNRs. The long-term uptake fate of the AuNRs in a mouse model (15 months after injection of 3.6 μg AuNRs) has been studied, and no remarkable toxicities have been observed. Our results showed that the PPTT treatments (single dose of intratumoral injection of 0.5ug HNSCP-1-AuNRs, followed by 2 min of 0.9-1.1 W/cm2 NIR laser exposure) could inhibit the tumor growth in nude mice bearing human SCCHN Tu212 xenograft tumor model. Conclusions: HNSCP-1-AuNRs may selectively accumulate in the tumor mass and inhibit the tumor growth via the PPTT without observed toxicities. This research was supported by NCI U01 CA 151802. Citation Format: Xianghong Peng, Megan Mackey, Lauren Austin, Adegboyega Oyelere, Georgia Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, Dong M. Shin. Toxicities and antitumor efficacy of tumor-targeted AuNRs in mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2220
MicroRNA-26a suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting interleukin-6-Stat3 pathway
Authors: Xin Yang, Lei Liang, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Hu-Liang Jia, Yi Qin, Xu-Chao Zhu, Xiao-Mei Gao, Peng Qiao, Yan Zheng, Yuan-Yuan Sheng, Jin-Wang Wei, Hai-Jun Zhou, Ning Ren, Qing-Hai Ye, Qiong-Zhu Dong, Lun-Xiu Qin
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Down-regulation of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) is associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its functional mechanism in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-26a in tumor growth and metastasis of HCC and found that miR-26a was frequently down-regulated in HCC tissues. Down-regulation of miR-26a correlated with HCC recurrence and metastasis. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, miR-26a was demonstrated to significantly inhibit in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, miR-26a induced G1 arrest and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Importantly, miR-26a suppressed in vivo tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice models bearing human HCC. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified as a target of miR-26a. Knockdown of IL-6 induced effects on HCC cells similar to those induced by miR-26a. In contrast, IL-6 treatment abrogated the effects induced by miR-26a up-regulation. Moreover, miR-26a dramatically suppressed expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) target genes, including Bcl-2, Mcl-1, cyclin D1, and MMP2. IL-6 treatment antagonized this effect, while knockdown of IL-6 by IL-6 short hairpin RNA (shIL-6) induced inhibitory effects on the expression of p-Stat3 and its main target genes, similar to miR-26a. The messenger RNA and protein levels of IL-6 inversely correlated with miR-26a in HCCs. Patients with high miR-26a or low IL-6 in HCC tissues had a better prognosis with longer overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). In multivariate analysis, miR-26a, IL-6, and their combination were demonstrated to be independent prognostic indicators for OS and TTR of HCC patients. Conclusion: miR-26a could suppress tumor growth and metastasis of HCC through IL-6-Stat3 signaling and is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Identification of a hormonal basis for gallbladder filling
Authors: Mihwa Choi, Antonio Moschetta, Angie L Bookout, Li Peng, Michihisa Umetani, Sam R Holmstrom, Kelly Suino-Powell, H Eric Xu, James A Richardson, Robert D Gerard, David J Mangelsdorf, Steven A Kliewer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Dipyridamole-Thallium Scanning in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery
Authors: K.A. Eagle, D.E. Singer, D.C. Brewster, R.C. Darling, A.G. Mulley, C.A. Boucher
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Dipyridamole-thallium imaging has been suggested as a method of preoperatively assessing cardiac risk in patients undergoing major surgery. To define more clearly its proper role in preoperative assessment, we prospectively evaluated 111 patients undergoing vascular surgery. In the first set of 61 patients, our data confirmed the value of preoperative dipyridamole-thallium scanning in identifying the patients who suffered postoperative ischemic events. Events occurred in eight of 18 patients with reversible defects on preoperative imaging, compared with no events in 43 patients with no thallium redistribution (confidence interval for the risk difference: 0.624, 0.256). The results also suggested that clinical factors might allow identification of a low-risk subset of patients. To test the hypothesis that patients with no evidence of congestive heart failure, angina, prior myocardial infarction, or diabetes do not require further preoperative testing, we evaluated an additional 50 patients having vascular procedures. None of the 23 without the clinical markers had untoward outcomes, while ten of 27 patients with one or more of these clinical markers suffered postoperative ischemic events (confidence interval for the risk difference: 0.592, 0.148). In the clinical high-risk subset, further risk stratification is achieved with dipyridamole-thallium scanning.