tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia from Contusion? Is there a Lung Concussion?
Authors: Frank W. Garber
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Can we have a pneumonia caused by an injury to the chest-wall, presenting the physical signs of that malady, with few, if any, of its rational or constitutional signs? If so, how can we account for the absence of its commonly attendant symptoms? These questions are suggested by a case which recently occurred in the practice of my friend, Dr, John Vander Laan, of this city, through whose courtesy I am permitted to give the following history: G. G., a Hollander, æt, 45, of good habits and excellent health, while working on a pile driver, June 23, last, fell with the tower to the ground, a distance of about eighteen feet. He struck on his feet, but losing his balance fell on his right side against a pile of lumber. He was carried home unconscious. His physician saw him about two hours after, when he had fully
ZINC AND THE SKIN
Authors: Benjamin Portnoy, Mohamed M. Molokhia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article ZINC AND THE SKIN Get access Benjamin Portnoy, Benjamin Portnoy Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin Diseases Manchester, 3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mohamed M. Molokhia Mohamed M. Molokhia Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin Diseases Manchester, 3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 September 1970, Pages 412–414, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15728.x Published: 01 September 1970
Amodiaquine induced agranulocytosis and liver damage.
Authors: K A Neftel, W Woodtly, M Schmid, P G Frick, J Fehr
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Seven cases of agranulocytosis and two of liver damage that were probably due to amodiaquine treatment were studied. In five cases agranulocytosis was combined with liver damage, and in one case of primary liver damage moderate neutropenia was present. Three patients died. High total doses or prolonged duration of treatment, or both, appear to favour the occurrence of these reactions. The clustering of five of the seven cases of agranulocytosis within six months in one medical centre indicates that the risk to benefit ratio of amodiaquine for malaria prophylaxis should be re-evaluated.
Oral anticoagulant therapy safely prevented stroke in older patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Andrew Dunn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation van Walraven C, Hart RG, Connolly S, et al. Effect of age on stroke prevention therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke. 2009;40:1410-6. 19182090
A comparative study in atopic subjects with asthma of the effects of salmeterol and salbutamol on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, increase in airway reactivity, and increase in urinary leukotriene E excretion
Authors: I TAYLOR, K OSHAUGHNESSY, N CHOUDRY, M ADACHI, J PALMER, R FULLER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)
Detection of Positional Airway Obstruction in Neonates by Acoustic Reflection
Authors: PIERRE-HENRI JARREAU, BRUNO LOUIS, LUC DESFRÈRE, PIERRE W. BLANCHARD, DANIEL ISABEY, ALAIN HARF, GUY MORIETTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In neonates intubated with an uncuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), positional changes of the head may induce obstruction (side position-related ETT obstruction [SPRO]) due to abutment of the beveled distal ETT orifice against the tracheal wall. We studied whether the acoustic reflection (ACR) method, a 4-s measurement that maps cross-sectional area as a function of the distance along the ETT and the airways, could detect SPRO. Eleven preterm newborns intubated with 2.5-mm ETTs and clinically suspected of having SPRO were studied with the head oriented to the left and to the right. In all patients there was a marked decrease in the ACR-measured area beyond the distal tip of the ETT in the presence of obstruction (decrease = 38 +/- 22% [mean +/- SD] of the ETT inside area), while the ACR-measured area increased markedly in the absence of obstruction (increase = 49 +/- 17%). For six of the 11 infants, we also recorded the maximal flow produced by a set mechanical inflation pressure. This maximal flow decreased in the presence of obstruction (decrease = 47 +/- 18%), and was constantly associated with a decrease in ACR-measured area beyond the ETT. In conclusion, ACR measurement is an efficient method for diagnosing positional ETT obstruction in intubated newborns.
Risk for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Among Thrombocytopenic and Nonthrombocytopenic Homosexual Men Seropositive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: ROBERT S. HOLZMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

A group of 44 homosexual patients with immune thrombocytopenia and serologic evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was observed for a total of 844 person-months. The risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), an actuarial incidence of 36.5% in 37 months, was no different than that reported for seropositive homosexual men from New York who are nonthrombocytopenic and asymptomatic. A statistical analysis comparing the hazard function with a constant-risk model showed that the hazard of developing AIDS was not constant but increased with duration of seropositivity.
"OPTIMAL" DIETS FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: RUSSELL M. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In 1910, Woodyatt<sup>1</sup>suggested, in explanation of the ketolytic action of glucose, that 1 molecule of acetoacetic acid might react with 1 molecule of alcohol or glucose and thus undergo oxidation at the expense of the simultaneous reduction of the glucose. This assumption was based on analogy with the observed behavior of ketones and alcohol when these were exposed to bright sunlight, as had been reported by Cimician and Silber, and is in harmony with what is known of the behavior of the acetone bodies in metabolism. Although Geelmuyden<sup>2</sup>can be credited with an earlier hypothesis of intermolecular chemical reaction between the acetone bodies and glucose, Woodyatt was responsible for stimulating much of the investigation of this subject. Geelmuyden proposed a conjugation of glucose and the acetone bodies, a view with which Ringer's<sup>3</sup>hypothesis of ten years later harmonized. The demonstration by Shaffer,<sup>4</sup>in 1921, of
Successful treatment of severe psoriatic natal cleft fissuring with tissue adhesive
Authors: V.H. Smith, S.K. Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, A 43‐year‐old woman with chronic plaque and flexural psoriasis had been particularly troubled for 7 years by fissuring of the natal cleft (Fig. 1a). This area frequently bled and caused severe pain and discomfort on sitting. Topical treatments to this area with clobetasol propionate ointment, Fucibet® cream (betamethasone valerate + fusidic acid; Leo, Princes Risborough, U.K.), Tri‐Adcortyl® cream (triamcinolone acetonide, gramicidin, neomycin + nystatin; Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, U.K.), Trimovate® cream (clobetasone butyrate, oxytetracycline + nystatin; GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, U.K.), tacrolimus 0·1% ointment, pimecrolimus 1% cream, benzoin tincture compound, calcitriol ointment and Dovobet® ointment (betamethasone dipropionate + calcipotriol; Leo) had not provided any prolonged benefit. Duoderm® (ConvaTec, Uxbridge, U.K.) dressings locally and Cavilon® (3M, Loughborough, U.K.) skin barrier film had also been unhelpful. Her psoriasis had been recalcitrant to systemic treatment with methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, Fumaderm® (monoethylfumarate + dimethylfumarate; Fumedica, Herne, Germany) and pioglitazone. Hydroxycarbamide and ciclosporin had been tried but were discontinued due to the development of side‐effects. She has subsequently been commenced on etanercept.
Abstract 1812: Development of Erlotinib derivatives as CIP2A inhibitors
Authors: Chung-Wai Shiau
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PP2A is a protein phosphatase which involves in negatively regulating cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Literature has shown that cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) is an inhibitor of PP2A in cancer cells. Overexpression of CIP2A contributes to tumor aggressiveness and renders resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibiton of CIP2A by small molecules shut off the downstream signal pathway of Akt through increasing PP2A phosphatase activity. For example, Bortezomib, a poteasome inhibitor, suppressed expression level of CIP2A and further reduced phospho-Akt in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hence, Agents that can repress CIP2A have potentials for the treatment in cancers. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, shows therapeutic effects in clinical. Our data show that CIP2A represents a major factor whereby erlotinib derivatives induce apoptosis in HCC cells. Here, a series of mono- and di-substituted erlotinb derivatives were synthesized and their bioactivities against hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated. The di-substituted erlotinib derivatives were more potent inhibitors of cancer-cell proliferation than the mono-substituted derivatives. Further assays confirmed a correlation between cell death, and CIP2A and Akt inhibition by these derivatives. Among them, compound 19 provides a proof of concept for the design of a new class of agents that repress CIP2A activity in HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1812. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1812
Richard Smith has left the building
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Richard Smith's 13 years as editor of the BMJ and chief executive of the BMJ Group finally drew to a close last Friday.

Dr Smith, who developed a fondness for Scotland after studying medicine at Edinburgh University, suggested a ceilidh for his leaving party with journal staff. With characteristic good humour, he turned up not only kilted-out but wearing a garish orange wig, to be piped in to the sound of bagpipes.

“One thing I hate is pomposity. I've never liked the BMA's annual meeting with all …
Expression of cathepsin D and B in invasion and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: A. KAWADA, K. HARA, E. KOMINAMI, M. HIRUMA, M. AKIYAMA, A. ISHIBASHI, H. ABE, E. ICHIKAWA, Y. NAKAMURA, S. WATANABE, T. YAMAMOTO, T. UMEDA, K. NISHIOKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

To determine the involvement of proteinases with hydrolytic activity towards extracellular matrix and basement membrane, in invasion and metastasis of tumour cells, the expression of cathepsin D, an aspartic proteinase, and cathepsin B, a cysteine proteinase, was studied. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 13 patients who had squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with local recurrence, skin and/or lymph node metastasis were examined. Cathepsin D stained intensely as a granular pattern (mature enzyme) in tumour cells of 69% of primary lesions and all the secondary lesions of the patients with SCC. Cathepsin B stained more intensely in SCC cells of all of the primary and secondary lesions than in normal epidermis; staining patterns were almost diffuse (procathepsin B). Granular and diffuse patterns (mature enzyme of cathepsin D and procathepsin B, respectively) appeared in the outer and inner parts of tumour islands, respectively. The presence of the active mature form of cathepsin D and procathepsin B in metastatic skin lesions of SCC was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The presence and localization of the active mature form of cathepsin D suggests that activated cathepsin D may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of SCC.
A FEW POINTS ON APPENDICITIS.
Authors: J. HENRY BARBAT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Probably no other disease has brought forth such an array of literature as has been published within the past ten years on appendicitis. All classes of practitioners took a hand, and the result is an indescribable melange, which we are slowly untangling, but we are beginning to get order out of chaos. The medical man is slowly recognizing that appendicitis is a surgical disease, and no longer delays calling in the surgeon until the patient is beyond hope. Surgeons who a few years ago advocated waiting so many days in most cases are now advising operation as soon as the diagnosis is made. The question of diagnosis is the key to the peculiar statistics which we sometimes see published by men who claim to cure all their cases without operation. All belly-aches are appendicitis; and when a patient dies from a neglected case of the true disease it is laid
The Law of Missing Persons
Authors: Woodrow W. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE LAW OF MISSING PERSONSThe necessity of establishing the "corpus delicti" in a criminal prosecution is well known to everyone. However, few are cognizant of the problems identification of the dead creates in civil procedures.In order to transfer interests in jointly held stocks and bonds or to pay the beneficiary of a life-insuranceance policy, a death certificate is usually required by the very terms of the contracts. A medical examiner cannot make such a certification if the body is missing or cannot be properly and accurately identified. Yet a presumption of death is strongly implied when persons disappear . . .
Metabolism, transport, and effect of chronic feeding of 12-epideoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic, non-toxic epimer of deoxycholic acid
Authors: A. Schmassmann, M.A. Angellotti, C. Clerici, A.F. Hofmann, H.-T. Ton-Nu, C.D. Schteingart, S.N. Marcus, L.R. Hagey, S.S. Rossi, A. Aigner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Homicide Rates Among US Teenagers and Young Adults
Authors: Lois A. Fingerhut, Deborah D. Ingram, Jacob J. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

ContextHomicide rates for persons 15 through 24 years old began to decline between 1993 and 1994, but recent trends in homicide rates by mechanism of homicide and urbanization group have not been described.ObjectiveTo examine homicide trends from 1987 through 1995 for persons 15 through 24 years old by urbanization level.DesignHomicide rates by urbanization level were analyzed using the Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the rural-urban continuum codes developed by the Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture.SettingUnited States, 1987 through 1995, according to 5 urbanization strata: core, counties with the primary central city of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of 1 million or more; fringe, remaining counties within an MSA of 1 million or more; medium, counties within an MSA of 250,000 to 999,999; small, counties in an MSA of less than 250,000; and nonmetropolitan, counties not in an MSA.SubjectsAll persons 15 through 24 years old by race whose cause of death was homicide (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes E960-E969).Main Outcome MeasuresFirearm and nonfirearm homicide rates and average annual percentage changes by 5 urbanization levels, race, and sex.ResultsFrom 1987 through 1991, the average annual firearm homicide rates among persons 15 through 24 years old among all 5 urbanization strata increased between 10.7% in small counties and 19.8% in fringe counties. From 1991 through 1993, the rates increased between 3.3% in core counties and 11.7% in small counties. From 1993 through 1995, the rates declined between 4.4% in fringe counties and 15.3% in medium counties. By 1995, firearm homicide rates among persons 15 through 24 years old ranged from 6.5 and 7.3 per 100,000 in the nonmetropolitan and small counties, respectively, to 9.6 and 13.3 per 100,000 in the fringe and medium strata, respectively, to 33.5 per 100,000 in the core stratum. During 1987 through 1990, nonfirearm homicide rates either were stable or increased, and from 1990 through 1995, nonfirearm homicide rates declined in all 5 strata, on average 3.7% to 8.0% per year, with rates in 1995 ranging from 2.1 to 4.7 per 100,000 across the strata.ConclusionsAfter increasing since 1987, firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates began declining between 1993 and 1995 among persons 15 through 24 years old. These declines are taking place across all urbanization strata and among white and black males and females.
Does peroxynitrite sustain nuclear factor-κB?
Authors: S BISWAS, J LOPESDEFARIA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

We read with interest the article by Hattori et al. [1] published in Cardiovascular Research in July, 2004. The authors showed almost complete suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle cells. They showed that this effect of NO was not mediated through the second messenger cGMP or through peroxynitrite, an NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Instead, the authors demonstrated sustained activation of LPS-induced NF-κB by peroxynitrite. Although the molecular mechanisms were not very clear, we considered this finding as a further step to explain the existing controversies regarding NO-mediated regulation of NF-κB activity. Actually, we are trying to explain some of our in vivo findings in the light of this in vitro evidence. However, a detailed report by Park et al. [2] published in March, 2005, compelled us to reanalyze the article by Hattori et al. [1] and to mention some essential points.

Park et al. …
THU0555 Validation of a Portable Device (RE.MO.TE.) for the Hand Functional Assessment in Patients with Chronic Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: M. Piga, I. Tradori, D. Pani, A. Cauli, A. Dessì, P. Garau, G. Porru, G. Barabino, A. Vacca, L. Raffo, A. Mathieu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterized by a chronic progressive course, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), develop a disability of the hand which requires an adequate assessment and therapeutic intervention through a pharmacological treatment and a proper rehabilitation program. The Re.Mo.Te. device consists of sensorized aids, allowing the execution of hand rehabilitation exercises and the extraction of relevant parameters (motion, force, pressure, speed of execution) from the analysis of several repetitions of the same movement, performed in real rehabilitation exercises typically prescribed to RA and SSs patients (1). These data are part of a larger project called <i>Re.Mo.Te. Recovery Movement and Telemonitoring for rheumatology patients with disabilities of the hand.</i> <h3>Objectives</h3> To validate portable device Re.Mo.Te for the evaluation of hand disability in patients with RA and SSc. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten RA patients (10F, age 56.9 ± 13.1 years) and 10 SSc patients (9F, age 56.3 ± 10.4 years) underwent an assessment of hands function through the device Re.Mo.Te. and through the measurement of: 1) Range Of Movement (ROM) of the wrists and 2) grip strength (pinch and grip) of the hand and fingers, 3) hands and fingers extension. The HAQ and the algo-functional index of Dreiser were administered to both RA and SSc patients while the Hamis test was administered exclusively to SSc patients. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied to test the validity of the results obtained with the Re.Mo.Te. device and to compare them with traditional assessment; p values ​​&lt;0.05 were considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> All patients had a reversible hand disability (HAQ = AR: 1.5 ± 0.82; SSc: 1.4 ± 0.65 - Dreiser's index = AR: 15.7 ± 6.0; SSc: 15.0 ± 5.7). The Spearman's correlation coefficients between the traditional hand functional assessment and the Re.Mo.Te. device assessment were high (0.67-0.79) and statistically significant for the measurement of grip strength (p &lt;0.0001) and overall extent (p &lt;0.001). The ROM results showed significant correlation with the global finger extension (p &lt;0.01) and the speed of fingers extension (p &lt;0.001) abilities evaluated by Re.Mo.Te. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Re.Mo.Te. device is a valuable aid for the assessment of hand disability in chronically ill subjects requiring a quantitative evaluation for the proper set up of a personalized rehabilitation program. <h3>References</h3> D. Pani, G. Barabino, A. Dessì, M. Piga, I. Tradori, A. Mathieu, L. Raffo "An integrated Portable Device for the hand functional assessment in the clinical practice" Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies 2012 - Revised Selected Papers, J. Gabriel et al. Eds., in press <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Non-invasive monitoring of kidney allograft rejection through IDO metabolism evaluation
Authors: G. Brandacher, F. Cakar, C. Winkler, S. Schneeberger, P. Obrist, C. Bösmüller, G. Werner-Felmayer, E.R. Werner, H. Bonatti, R. Margreiter, D. Fuchs
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Myron L. Lecklitner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>Hepatobiliary Scanning</h3> In recent years, the development of technetium Tc 99m iminodiacetic acid derivatives (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-IDA derivatives) and similar compounds for scintigraphic evaluation of the hepatobiliary system has constituted one of the most important contributions of nuclear medicine to clinical practice. Heretofore, only rose bengal sodium I 131 was available for scintigraphic evaluation of the hepatobiliary system, but dosimetry considerations precluded administration of sufficient quantities to enable satisfactory visualization. The<sup>99m</sup>Tc-IDA derivatives have altered this situation, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy has its prime use in the exclusion of acute cholecystitis as the cause of acute intra-abdominal pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity, which necessitates surgery.<sup>1</sup>Scintigraphic visualization of the gallbladder following intravenous administration of the radiopharmaceutical virtually excludes acute cholecystitis as the diagnosis, because almost all cases are associated with cystic-duct obstruction, preventing ingress of material to the gallbladder. Nonvisualization of the gallbladder when liver function is normal is compatible
Response to: ‘Paying attention to arbitrary causality and the preciseness of conclusion’ by Lei<i>et al</i>
Authors: Xingzhong Jin, Julieta Ruiz Beguerie, Weiya Zhang, Christopher Leigh Blizzard, Petr Otahal, Graeme Jones, Changhai Ding
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

We would like to thank Dr Zeng et al 1 for the comments on our paper.2 Please see the point-to-point response as below: 

1.  As pointed out in the discussion of our paper, cross-sectional and case-control designs are not able to infer a causal relationship.2 The conclusion ‘low grade systemic inflammation may play a greater role in symptoms rather than radiographic changes in osteoarthritis (OA)’ does not necessarily imply a cause-effect relationship. It remains controversial whether inflammation is a cause for disease progression or a result of disease manifestation. …