tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantification of hydroxyl radical and its lack of relevance to myocardial injury during early reperfusion after graded ischemia in rat hearts.
Authors: G Takemura, T Onodera, M Ashraf
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To elucidate the pathophysiological role of the hydroxyl radical (.OH) during the postischemic reperfusion of the heart, we measured the .OH product in the coronary effluent from isolated perfused rat heart during a 30-minute reperfusion period after various ischemic intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 minutes. Salicylic acid was used as the probe for .OH, and its derivative, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. 2,5-DHBA was negligible in the effluent from nonischemic hearts, but a significant amount was detected from the hearts rendered ischemic for 10 minutes or longer. The peak of 2,5-DHBA was seen within 90 seconds after the onset of reperfusion in every group. The accumulated amount of 2,5-DHBA was maximal in the group with 15-minute ischemia (6.73 +/- 1.04 nmol/g wet heart wt after 30 minutes of reperfusion); it decreased as the ischemic time was prolonged and was 2.38 +/- 0.84 nmol/g wet wt after 30 minutes of reperfusion in the group with 60-minute ischemia. In the model of 15-minute ischemia/30-minute reperfusion, there was no correlation between the accumulated amount of 2,5-DHBA and functional recovery (+/- dP/dt, heart rate, and coronary flow), lactate dehydrogenase release, and morphological damage. Although treatment with 0.5 mM deferoxamine, an iron chelator, significantly decreased 2,5-DHBA (from 6.73 +/- 1.04 to 2.29 +/- 0.80 nmol/g wet wt after 30 minutes of reperfusion, p less than 0.01), it failed to reduce the postischemic myocardial injury in the group with 15-minute ischemia. The results suggest that .OH production is influenced by the preceding ischemic interval and that .OH does not exert an immediate direct effect on postischemic damage during early reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart, although a possibility remains that the small portion of .OH trapped by salicylic acid may not be intimately associated with myocardial injury.
behavioral left-right asymmetry extends to arthropods
Authors: boudewijn adriaan heuts, tibor brunt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

we present behavioral lateralizations of spiders and ants and their probable survival value. they clearly conform to the vertebrate lateralizations reviewed by vallortigara &amp; rogers (v&amp;r) and to earlier arthropod studies. we suggest two complementary reviews: (1) differences in lesion susceptibility and muscle strength between left and right body side, and (2) perceptual biases and predator inspection in invertebrates.
TCT-275 Incidence And Predictors Of Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Across Different Clinical Presentations
Authors: Joshua P. Loh, Salem Badr, Israel Barbash, Fang Chen, Kenneth Kent, Hironori Kitabata, Marco A. Magalhaes, Sa'ar Minha, Al Fazir Omar, Hideaki Ota, lakshmana Pendyala, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The breast cancer resistance protein transporter ABCG2 is expressed in the human kidney proximal tubule apical membrane
Authors: M. Huls, C.D.A. Brown, A.S. Windass, R. Sayer, J.J.M.W. van den Heuvel, S. Heemskerk, F.G.M. Russel, R. Masereeuw
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Donor-specific differences in long-term outcomes of myeloablative transplantation in adults with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S Lee, N-G Chung, B-S Cho, K-S Eom, Y-J Kim, H-J Kim, C-K Min, S-G Cho, D-W Kim, J-W Lee, W-S Min, C-W Park, C-C Kim
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Abstract 4681: Characterization of pulmonary hypertension in lung cancer.
Authors: Samantha Storn, Soni Savai Pullamsetti, Baktybek Kojonazarov, Ralph Theo Schermuly, Friedrich Grimminger, Ulf R. Rapp, Werner Seeger, Rajkumar Savai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 60%-70% of patients with lung cancer have dyspnea at presentation, and 90% experience it just prior to death. Considering case reports describing the formation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) via pulmonary tumor microemboli from gastric and gallbladder cancer, we analyzed the involvement of PH in the development of dyspnea in lung cancer using different mouse models and human lung tumor samples. Methods: Three murine lung cancer models have been used: C57BL/6N-mice that received an injection of Lewis-lung-carcinoma-cells (LLC1) via tail vein, K-rasLA2 knock-in-mice and SP-C-c-raf-1-BxB-23 transgene mice. They underwent echocardiographic analyses at different time points and hemodynamic measurements to assess the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and systemic arterial pressure. Histological evaluation was performed to determine the pulmonary vascular morphometry in the tumor-area as well as the total collagen of the right ventricle. Identical histological analyses have been done in human lung tumor samples. In addition, to understand the contribution of immune cells to the development of PH in lung cancer setting, pulmonary vascular walls were analyzed in human lung tumor tissue and quantified for macrophages (CD68+), T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and dendritic cells (CD209+). Results: For each mouse model, echocardiography reveals an impaired systolic, diastolic and global function of the right ventricle, as well as a dilated right ventricle. Hemodynamics show an increased RVSP. Murine and human lung tumor samples demonstrate vascular remodeling, affecting both wall thickness and the degree of muscularization in the tumor-area. The quantification of total collagen enables to prove a right ventricular fibrosis. Higher incidences of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in pulmonary vascular walls were demonstrated in the tumor-area of human lung section. Conclusion: This study provides clear evidence for the existence of PH in human as well as animal models affected by lung cancer. Repeated echocardiographic analyses show that the detected PH represents an end-stage phenomenon. The increased content of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the vascular walls leads us to the hypothesis that these cell types might be involved in the remodeling of small pulmonary vessels in tumors. Citation Format: Samantha Storn, Soni Savai Pullamsetti, Baktybek Kojonazarov, Ralph Theo Schermuly, Friedrich Grimminger, Ulf R. Rapp, Werner Seeger, Rajkumar Savai. Characterization of pulmonary hypertension in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4681
Hematocrit, Independent of Chronic Kidney Disease, Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Peter C.Y. Tong, Alice P.S. Kong, Wing-Yee So, Margaret H.L. Ng, Xilin Yang, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Ronald C.W. Ma, Chung-Shun Ho, Christopher W.K. Lam, Chun-Chung Chow, Clive S. Cockram, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in diabetes. We examined the association between hematocrit, stratified by the presence of CKD, and cardiovascular events in a cohort of Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes.A total of 3,983 patients who underwent assessment for diabetes complications were recruited. Subjects were categorized into five groups. Group I included subjects with hematocrit below the normal sex-specific range. The cutoff points for groups II-V were selected to represent the distribution of the hematocrit for each sex. CKD was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Cardiovascular events were defined as cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including new onset of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, heart failure, and stroke requiring hospitalization.A total of 294 subjects (7.4%) developed cardiovascular events during the median of 36.4 months. The rate of cardiovascular events was highest in subjects with low hematocrit (group I, 18.6%) compared with group V (3.4%, P < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular events diminished with increasing hematocrit (group I, 1.0; group II, 0.73 [95% CI 0.51-1.04]; group III, 0.57 [0.39-0.83]; group IV, 0.61 [0.39-0.95]; and group V, 0.36 [0.17-0.79]). After stratifying by the presence of CKD, the previously observed reduction in the risk of developing cardiovascular events with increasing hematocrit was abolished in the cohort with CKD but persisted in the non-CKD cohort.In Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes, low levels of hematocrit and the presence of CKD are associated with increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events.
A Health-Care System for Massachusetts
Authors: Leonard W. Cronkhite, Joel J. Alpert, David S. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Physician specialization, complex organizational patterns of health-care institutions and government categorical funding have fragmented the patient and his family, instead of operating as a unifying concept. In an attempt to overcome some of the basic deficiencies of today's health care, a program for family-oriented primary-care centers in Massachusetts, ultimately organizing under a single management, is being developed to deliver total health care, with specific input from medical, business, political and community leaders. Training and education of physicians and other health professionals is an important part of the program. The overall system is being designed as a model that can be evaluated effectively and can be replicated in any major urban area.
Abnormalities on 1q and 7q are associated with poor outcome in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma. A cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization study
Authors: J L García, J M Hernandez, N C Gutiérrez, T Flores, D González, M J Calasanz, J A Martínez-Climent, M A Piris, C Lopéz-Capitán, M B González, M D Odero, J F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Art: Finding a visual language for pain
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An exhibition in the central hall at St Thomas's Hospital, London, from 17 to 29 May and in atrium 1 at Guy's Hospital, London, from 1 to 29 June Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Artist Deborah Padfield spent four weeks working with 10 people who have chronic pain to create visual images of how they feel. The resulting photographs represent their world—a world in which some of these people have been living for decades, but one that others cannot see or understand, and often don't believe exists. Pain is … a concrete straitjacket (Credit: DEBORAH PADFIELD AND DAVID MAY) Deborah has had chronic pain since surgery in 1994. Her general practitioner encouraged her to write about her pain and then she began using photography as a way of expressing her feelings. While a patient at St Thomas's Hospital pain management unit in London, she and her consultant, Charles Pither, decided to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
King's Fund calls for a more measured approach to reforming the NHS
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The independent think tank the King’s Fund has questioned whether the proposals for reforming the health service set out by the coalition government are needed at a time “when financial pressure on the NHS are increasing.” It says that ministers need to reconsider the speed and scale of the reforms if they are to deliver the predicted benefits to patients.

In its response to the white paper, the fund says “there are significant risks in making these changes” and that “The case for reorganising the NHS needs to be clear and convincing to justify taking these risks, and this case has …
Antihypertensive Therapy and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: James R. Sowers, George L. Bakris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Although thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers are often used as first-line therapy in patients with hypertension, including those with diabetes mellitus,1 the possibility that these drugs may promote glucose intolerance remains a concern.210 Short-term metabolic studies, as well as epidemiologic studies and clinical trials, suggested a causal link between the use of thiazide diuretics and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes.310 However, those studies were compromised by small numbers of patients, relatively short follow-up periods, changing definitions of new-onset diabetes, lack of adequate comparison groups, selection criteria that lessened the extent to which the results could be generalized, . . .
Cor Pulmonale Due to Pulmonary Fibrosis Simulating Mediastinal Tumor
Authors: Israel Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

RARELY, enlarged pulmonary arteries due to cor pulmonale may be mistaken for hilar and mediastinal neoplastic masses. Herein are reported the cases of two women: one with pulmonary fibrosis, of unknown etiology, resembling the Hamman-Rich syndrome; the other with cor pulmonale secondary to an unsuspected lipoid pneumonia. In both cases, angiocardiography, by visualizing the cardiovascular structures, demonstrated the enlarged pulmonary artery and branches, suggested the diagnosis of cor pulmonale, and excluded the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal neoplasm.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 43-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital on Sept 8, 1964, with complaint of dyspnea. She had been in good health until two years prior to admission when a routine roentgenogram of the chest showed bilateral upper-lobe pulmonary infiltrates. Although acidfast bacilli were not found in the sputum, she was treated with antituberculous drugs for five months. Ten months prior to admission she was exposed
THE EFFECT OF A GROWTH-PROMOTING EXTRACT OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY ON THE EARLY GROWTH OF THE ALBINO RAT
Authors: A. M. Targow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Castrate male albino rats were injected with a growth-promoting extract of bovine anterior pituitary from the 21st day of life (day of castration) to the 56th day (average for group) at which time the difference in weight between the pituitary-injected animals and controls was first clearly discernible. In comparison to controls the pituitary-injected animals at this stage showed: (1) a decrease in the weight of the pituitary gland; (2) an increase in nose-anus length; (3) an increase in the weight of heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys which is shown to be of the nature of a splanchnomegaly; (4) an increase in the weight of the blood removed; (5) an increase in the water content of the skin and the kidneys; (6) a tendency toward an increase in weight of the carcass. The significance of these findings is discussed.
THREE-MONTH CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF THROMBOEMBOLISM (TE) AND BLEEDING AFTER PERIPROCEDURAL ANTICOAGULATION MANAGEMENT OF LEG ARTERIAL VASCULAR BYPASS PATIENTS (VBG)
Authors: Robert D. McBane, Hosam Attaya, Waldemar E. Wysokinski, Joshua Slusser, David Hodge, John A. Heit
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Reproducibility of dietary and other data from a self-administered questionnaire.
Authors: S Tokunaga, T Hirohata, I Hirohata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This study examined the reproducibility of information obtained from a questionnaire covering dietary and other information by comparing the answers to the questionnaires with answers to the same questions one year later. Answers from 191 men and 220 women, aged 40 to 65, in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan were compared. The surveys were conducted in November 1989 and November 1990. In the second survey, 97.2% of the first respondents answered. The concordance between the two responses was high, and the differences between the mean intakes from the two surveys were within 5% for 7 food items and within 15% for 14 food items among the 20 items about which the respondents were asked. The intraclass correlation coefficients varied from 0.30 for eggs to 0.62 for milk, with 16 items greater than 0.4. The differences in reproducibility between the sexes and two age categories were not significant. Close values also were obtained for the estimated consumption of salt. A substantially high reproducibility was observed on items regarding drinking and smoking; most of the kappa statistics and the intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.5 and 0.9. The above reproducibility on individual food items was comparable to or better than those reported from other studies. The results of the present study thus indicate that the self-administered semiquantitative food intake questionnaire used for our cross-sectional study is useful for epidemiologic studies to assess the association between diet and various diseases. In particular, the present questionnaire is highly dependable regarding the overall group intake of foods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Candida albicans and the Normal Skin
Authors: Philip J. Kozinn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Two recent articles by F.A.J. Kingery, MD, scored the general diagnostic ineptitude in recognizing possible cutaneous fungal infections. The author presented worthwhile clinical pictures and corrected important pitfalls in diagnosis. However, as he expanded his thesis, he made remarks that are as seriously in error as those he tried to correct.  In Don't Forget about Candidiasis ( 191 :851, 1965), the statement is made: Since C albicans has commonly been recovered from skin and mucous surfaces in the absence of disease, the clinician must be familiar with the pathological patterns which may result from the presence of this organism. Identification of pseudohyphae in potassium hydroxide mount and culture on Sabouraud's agar provide positive identification.  Though frequently present on normal mucous surfaces, C albicans is not commonly found on normal skin. 1,2 This faulty concept is being thoughtlessly propagated in the literature, despite ample recorded evidence to the contrary.
Home Monitoring of Blood Glucose: New Approach to Management of Insulin-dependent Diabetic Patients in Great Britain
Authors: P H Sönksen, Sue Judd, Clara Lowy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The history of home monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic patients at St. Thomas' Hospital in London is reviewed. Initial successful experience with pregnant diabetic patients was extended to cover those with retinopathy and, subsequently, to all insulin-treated patients. Experience showed overwhelming preference by patients for blood glucose monitoring over urine tests and demonstrated improvement in blood glucose control. Experience in children 13 and older was equally (if not more) enthusiastic as in adults. Self-monitoring revealed many elementary mistakes in insulin therapy, which, when corrected, led to marked improvement in diabetic control with reduced frequency and severity of hypoglycemic attacks. Initial studies were made with Dextrostix and Eyetone. The need for a simple patient-oriented blood glucose machine was identified, and Glucochek was designed to meet it. Evaluation of Glucochek was satisfactory, and it was well liked by patients. It seems likely that blood glucose monitoring will replace urine tests in the majority of diabetic patients.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) modification in the management of post-TIPSS refractory hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: N Kochar, D Tripathi, H Ireland, D N Redhead, P C Hayes
Journal: Gut (2006)

Post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can occur in up to one third of patients. In 5%, this can be refractory to optimal medical treatment and may require shunt modification. The efficacy of shunt modification has been poorly studied.To evaluate the efficacy of and natural history following TIPSS modification for treatment of refractory HE.From a dedicated database, we selected and further studied patients who had TIPSS modification for refractory HE.Over a 14 year period, of 733 TIPSS insertions, 211(29%) patients developed HE post-TIPSS. In 38 patients, shunt modification (reduction (n = 9) and occlusion (n = 29)) was performed for refractory HE. Indications for TIPSS were: variceal bleeding (n = 32), refractory ascites (n = 5), and other (n = 1). Child's grades A, B, and C were noted in 11%, 47%, and 42% of cases, respectively. HE improved in 58% of patients and remained unchanged or worsened in 42%, with similar results for occlusions and reductions. Following shunt modification, variceal bleeding recurred in three patients and ascites in three. Twenty five patients have died (liver related in 15) at a median duration of 10.2 months. Three patients died due to procedure related complications following shunt occlusions (mesenteric infarction (n = 2) and septicaemia (n = 1)). Median survival of patients whose HE did not improve following shunt modification was 79 days compared with 278 days in patients whose did (p<0.05). No variables independently predicted response to shunt modification.TIPSS modification is a useful option for patients with refractory HE following TIPSS insertion. Due to the significant risk of iatrogenic complications with shunt occlusions, shunt reduction is a safer and preferred option.
The Science of Ionizing Radiation: Modes of Application
Authors: Eugene L. Saenger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The discovery of ionizing radiation and the many important and ingenious ramifications resulting therefrom have been of the greatest significance to medicine. Capturing this story in only 788 pages has taxed the capabilities of 35 contributors and yielded about four pounds of fascinating if somewhat uncritical material.  A series of incredibly brilliant discoveries and applications led to the diagnostic uses of radiation. But these were far easier to develop and apply than those for therapy. Therapeutic applications have had a strictly empirical course without much in the way of comparative evaluation. The story of radiation therapy of cancer is no less impressive than that of surgical or chemical therapy but the reader should be impressed with the absence of reasonable scientific comparisons in the growth of work described best as an art but hardly a science. The section on external radiation therapy presents a coherent, logical rationale for its use
CLINICAL NOTE UPON AN OVERDOSE OF PROTO-NUCLEIN.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

A female child, aged 3 years, parents of upper class; subject of malnutrition, from whom large amount of pharyngeal adenoids had been removed six weeks before; in addition to diet and general regimen had been given proto-nuclein tablets, 5 grs. each, taken twice to three times a day (Reed &amp; Carnrick's). Had taken these for about a month. Great benefit as regards general health, the condition of the nose, throat and ears had followed. The improvement was mainly ascribed to removal of the adenoid tissue and restoration of nasal breathing. This child was addicted to eating lead pencils, pieces of chalk, etc., and had previously taken medicine of some kind in large quantity without knowledge of the parents. On February 4 she was observed to be playing with a bottle which had contained proto-nuclein tablets, of which it is supposed twenty-five or thirty remained (125 to 150 grains or 8