tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Probes for Identifying Listeria-Reply
Authors: B. Swaminathan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Datta is correct that his article<sup>1</sup>reports a probe specific for<i>L monocytogenes</i>using a colony hybridization assay under less than stringent hybridization conditions. However, Dr Flamm, who initially developed and assessed the clone from which this probe was derived, reports in his thesis that the probe reacts with chromosomal DNA restriction fragments of<i>L monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, and Listeria seeligeri</i>.<sup>2</sup>We studied the same putative β-hemolysin gene fragment cloned by Dr Flamm and showed that specific hybridization with<i>L monocytogenes</i>occurs only if the hybridization is performed at highly stringent conditions. Further, we found that the fragment hybridizes to one of seven strains of<i>L seeligeri</i>, even under stringent hybridization conditions.<sup>3</sup> Subsequently, probes have been developed based on the sequence of listeriolysin that seem to be specific for<i>L monocytogenes</i>. We look forward to evaluation of these probes in the detection
Microdroplet Digital PCR: Detection and Quantitation of Biomarkers in Archived Tissue and Serial Plasma Samples in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Fangfei Gao, Ester Pfeifer, Hassan Farah, Elena Karampini, Divyanshu Dua, Nahid Kamal, Paul Cane, Khalid Tobal, Tariq Sethi, James Spicer, Frank McCaughan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
The Law and the Mentally Ill
Authors: DAVID L. BAZELON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

In the determination of criminal responsibility, Soviet psychiatrists insist that they base their judgments solely on medical factors, with primary emphasis on evidence of organicity. The author believes, however, that in practice sociocultural factors may also be taken into account. In regard to civil commitments, the law provides no judicial review of commitment practices; Judge Bazelon feels that this policy is open to criticism on several grounds. In general, he feels the Russian mental health services, or all their accomplishments, depend upon a social system which is difficult for an American to accept.
Standardization of Names of Drugs
Authors: Francis J. Hailey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Multiple names for the same type of vehicle, eg, Ford, Mustang, Chevrolet, Impala, etc, are confusing to physicians, pharmacists, nurses, students, and other purchasers. Products that appear to be entirely different may possess the same active ingredients (engine, wheels, fenders, etc), and the many seemingly unrelated names do not identify for the driver the active ingredients in the individual car. It is almost impossible for doctors to keep informed about the multitude of brands or trademarks, although an advantage to "official" names may be obvious. Reservations have been expressed in regard to the equivalence of cars produced by different manufacturers. On the other hand, evidence of greater uniform reliability of autos on the American market has now been accumulated. The Department of Transportation is developing standards for motor vehicles that should assure the user of motoring equivalence and thus of interchangeability. Is it not time that we
MPs call for better safeguards on antipsychotic use in care homes
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government should take action to stop dangerous prescribing of antipsychotic drugs to people with dementia, says a report from a group of MPs.

The all party parliamentary group on dementia says that the government should use its national dementia strategy, which is due to be published in October, to tackle the problem and that the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence should review use of the drugs.

“Antipsychotics can double the risk of death and triple the risk of stroke in people with dementia, heavily sedate them, and accelerate cognitive decline,” said Jeremy Wright, the group’s chairman. “Best practice guidelines are not enough: safeguards must be …
Tracheal Occlusion Pressure: A Simple Index to Monitor Respiratory Muscle Fatigue during Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: D. MURCIANO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To assess respiratory muscle fatigue in acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and evaluate its influence on weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.We studied the time course of tracheal occlusion pressure (P0.1) and high-to-low ratio of the diaphragmatic electromyogram in 16 patients in acute respiratory failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.All patients were intubated and studied during a 15-minute weaning period from ventilation. Minute ventilation (VE), arterial blood gases, P0.1 and high-to-low ratio of the diaphragm were measured every day from the onset to the end of acute failure (before extubation) at 5 and 15 minutes into the weaning period. The diaphragmatic electromyogram was recorded with an esophageal electrode and the high-to-low ratio of the electrical signal analyzed to assess diaphragmatic fatigue.In all patients P0.1 was markedly increased (7.1 +/- 2.4 cm H2O, mean +/- SE) on the first day of acute failure and did not change during weaning. In 11 patients, P0.1 had decreased to 4.7 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (P less than or equal to 0.002) before extubation (which was done after 5 to 9 days). In these patients, the high-to-low ratio of the diaphragm decreased rapidly-during the first minutes of weaning on the first day of acute failure and remained low throughout weaning, whereas before extubation no decrease in high-to-low ratio was seen during weaning. In 5 patients, P0.1 did not change significantly from the onset of acute failure and the high-to-low ratio remained low before extubation. These 5 patients had to be reintubated within 2 to 6 days. In both groups of patients, VE did not change significantly from the first to last day of acute failure (10.3 +/- 3 compared with 10.7 +/- 2.1 min-1), whereas blood gases during room air breathing improved significantly from the first to last day of acute failure, respectively, in each group (arterial oxygen pressure [PaO2], 33.5 +/- 1.5 compared with 44 +/- 9 mm Hg (P less than or equal to 0.05) and PaO2 56 +/- 2.3 compared with 49 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.005).Extubation should not be done in patients with respiratory muscle fatigue despite improvement in arterial blood gases and clinical status; and P0.1 provides a valid and simple index to assess the likelihood of respiratory muscle fatigue.
Low circulating Dickkopf-1 and its link with severity of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Authors: L Senolt, H Hulejova, O Krystufkova, S Forejtova, L Andres Cerezo, J Gatterova, K Pavelka, J Vencovsky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is an inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis, and its lower levels are linked to new bone formation. The aim of this study was therefore to explore serum levels of DKK-1 and to evaluate DKK-1's association with the severity of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).Serum levels of total and functional DKK-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 37 patients with DISH and 22 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Plain radiographs of the cervical and thoracic spine were performed, and the diagnosis of DISH was defined using the Resnick criteria. Patients were divided into three groups based on spinal involvement. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers were evaluated in patients with DISH.The levels of total serum DKK-1 were significantly lower in patients with DISH than in healthy controls (p<0.0001). Importantly, low serum levels of DKK-1 were associated with more severe spinal involvement in DISH, independent of age, sex, disease duration, CRP, bone turnover markers or BMD. However, these findings were less significant for functional DKK-1.These observations indicate that DKK-1 may play a significant role in bone formation during DISH.
Effect of chromium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat
Authors: Kazim Sahin, Muhittin Onderci, Mehmet Tuzcu, Bilal Ustundag, Gurkan Cikim, İbrahim H. Ozercan, Vidyasagar Sriramoju, Vijaya Juturu, James R. Komorowski
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Should Bivalirudin Replace Heparin During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions?
Authors: Elliott M. Antman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MENTAL ASPECT OF LEPROSY
Authors: L. L. CAZENAVETTE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

During the fall of 1923, I paid my first official visit, as visiting specialist, to the National Leprosarium at Carville, La. Some time previously I had visited this institution at the invitation of the medical officer in charge. During our conversation on the subject of the patients, he related his impression that mental abnormalities among them were not infrequent. The statement confirmed similar observations already made, but not reported, by Dr. Ralph Hopkins, who long had visited the home professionally and who for many years has been a close student of leprosy. My own impression after this initial visit was that the mental attitude of these patients differed somewhat from that of patients in large general hospitals. My visits were bimonthly and consisted largely of observations and examinations of such lepers as presented neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. It is my purpose on this occasion to deal solely with the mental
Periorbital dermatitis-a recalcitrant disease: causes and differential diagnoses
Authors: A. Feser, T. Plaza, L. Vogelgsang, V. Mahler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Periorbital dermatitis is common and frequently recalcitrant to treatment. Due to the exposed and visible location, patients often suffer severely from periorbital dermatitis.To determine the frequency and causes of periorbital dermatitis including contact sensitizers.We investigated two cohorts of patients (Erlangen and IVDK without Erlangen) between 1999 and 2004.The differences between the two cohorts with periorbital dermatitis [Department of Dermatology at University Hospital Erlangen (n = 88) and the German Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) collective (n = 2035)] were determined by the MOAHLFA (male, occupational dermatosis, atopic eczema, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, facial dermatitis, age > or = 40 years) index. Statistically significant factors for periocular eczema are female sex, atopic skin diathesis and age > or = 40 years. In both cohorts allergic contact dermatitis was the main cause of periorbital eczema (Erlangen 44.3%, IVDK 31.6%), followed by periorbital atopic dermatitis (Erlangen 25%, IVDK 14.1%), airborne dermatitis (Erlangen 10.2%, IVDK 1.9%), irritant contact dermatitis (Erlangen 9.1%, IVDK 7.6%), periorbital rosacea (Erlangen 4.5%, IVDK 2.2%), allergic conjunctivitis (Erlangen 2.3%, IVDK included in 'others') and psoriasis (Erlangen 2.3%, IVDK included in 'others'). The most relevant allergens/allergen sources inducing periorbital eczema were consumers' products (facial cream, eye shadow and ophthalmic therapeutics) (31%), fragrance mix (19%), balsam of Peru (10%), thiomersal (10%) and neomycin sulphate (8%); 12.5% of patients with allergic periocular dermatitis could be exclusively elucidated by testing patients' own products.Our data demonstrate the multiplicity of causes for periorbital eczematous disease manifestation, which requires patch testing of standard trays as well as consumers' products to elucidate the relevant contact sensitization.
A Violaceous Plaque in an Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Robert Micheletti, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A 56-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA DEVELOPS A VIOlaceous plaque on his anterior neck that expands rapidly over the course of one day. The patient was hospitalized a month earlier for salvage chemotherapy with clofarabine. His course has been complicated by prolonged neutropenia and fever of unknown origin, for which he is receiving meropenem, vancomycin, and voriconazole. Physical examination reveals a necroticappearing, nonblanching, violaceous plaque on his anterior neck with surrounding erythema (FIGURE 1). On close inspection, 2 similar violaceous papules are discovered on his tongue and scalp. The patient is febrile but otherwise asymptomatic, with recent negative blood cultures. What Would You Do Next?
Iron-Oxide Labeling and Outcome of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Yoram Amsalem, Yael Mardor, Micha S. Feinberg, Natalie Landa, Liron Miller, Dianne Daniels, Aharon Ocherashvilli, Radka Holbova, Orna Yosef, Israel M. Barbash, Jonathan Leor
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles enables noninvasive MRI and tracking of transplanted stem cells. We sought to determine whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) outcome is affected by SPIO labeling in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Rat MSCs were labeled with SPIO (ferumoxides; Endorem; Guerbet, Villepinte, France). By trypan-blue exclusion assay, almost 100% of the cells remained viable after labeling. Seven days after MI, rats were randomized to injections of 2×10 6 SPIO-labeled MSCs, 2×10 6 unlabeled MSCs, or saline. Labeled cells were visualized in the infarcted myocardium as large black spots by serial MRI studies throughout the 4-week follow-up. The presence of labeled cells was confirmed by iron staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction on postmortem specimens. At 4 weeks after transplantation, the site of cell injection was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Costaining for iron and ED1 (resident macrophage marker) showed that the iron-positive cells were cardiac macrophages. By real-time polymerase chain reaction, the Y-chromosome-specific SRY DNA of MSCs from male donors was not detected in infarcted hearts of female recipients. Serial echocardiography studies at baseline and 4 weeks after cell transplantation showed that both unlabeled and labeled MSCs attenuated progressive left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction compared with controls. Conclusions— At 4 weeks after transplantation of SPIO-labeled MSCs, the transplanted cells are not present in the scar and the enhanced MRI signals arise from cardiac macrophages that engulfed the SPIO nanoparticles. However, both labeled and unlabeled cells attenuate left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
Slow Elimination of Glyburide in NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Anders Jönsson, Tony Rydberg, Goran Ekberg, Bengt Hallengren, Arne Melander
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To determine the terminal elimination half-life of glyburide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects after cessation of long-term treatment.Ten NIDDM patients (5 of each sex, 36-72 years old, without hepatic or renal disease) taking a median glyburide dose of 14 mg/day, who were to start insulin therapy because of sulfonylurea failure, were studied. Serum glyburide concentrations, measured by a newly developed selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic method, were followed from 10 to 48 h after the last glyburide dose.Serum glyburide levels declined in three different phases, with a terminal gamma-phase between 18 and 48 h having a mean +/- SD half-life of 15.0 +/- 6.7 h. Two patients had half-lives over 20 h. The half-life values did not correlate with fasting blood glucose, age, body weight, body mass index, or creatinine levels. The latter agrees with the assumption that glyburide is completely eliminated by metabolic transformation. Although longer than previously observed, the current half-life values are in accordance with clinical experience that glyburide is a long-acting sulfonylurea.The elimination of glyburide in NIDDM subjects is slower than previously reported. The long half-life adds support to the use of a once-daily dosage of glyburide. It also justifies increased caution when using this sulfonylurea.
Mechanism of β-Adrenergic Receptor Upregulation Induced by ACE Inhibition in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Hidetoshi Yonemochi, Seikoh Yasunaga, Yasusi Teshima, Tetsu Iwao, Kumiko Akiyoshi, Mikiko Nakagawa, Tetsunori Saikawa, Morio Ito
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Although bradykinin is thought to contribute to the effects of ACE inhibitors on the cardiovascular system, its precise role remains to be elucidated. Evidence suggests that bradykinin might be important in the upregulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) induced by ACE inhibitors, and the role of bradykinin in this effect has now been investigated with cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results —The density of β-ARs on the myocyte surface was determined with a binding assay with [ 3 H]CGP-12177. Incubation of cultured myocytes for 24 hours with the ACE inhibitor captopril (1 μmol/L) increased β-AR density by 35% and enhanced the response of cells to isoproterenol but not to forskolin. Neither an angiotensin-II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist, CV-11974, nor angiotensin-I affected β-AR density. However, the bradykinin B 2 receptor antagonist Hoe 140 abolished the effect of captopril on β-AR upregulation in a dose-dependent manner. The protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (20 nmol/L) but neither indomethacin nor L-NAME also inhibited captopril-induced upregulation of β-ARs. Exogenous bradykinin increased the spontaneous beating frequency of cultured myocytes and Hoe 140 abolished this effect. Bradykinin level in the medium increased 1.4-fold by the treatment of cultured myocytes with captopril for 24 hours. Conclusions —The results suggest that captopril enhances β-AR responsiveness by inducing β-AR upregulation and that the latter effect is mediated by activation of bradykinin B 2 receptors and protein kinase C. These observations also offer insight into the different roles of ACE inhibitors and AT 1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure.
Mechanism of Increased Specific Airway Conductance with Marijuana Smoking in Healthy Young Men.
Authors: Bertrand J. Shapiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Mechanism of Increased Specific Airway Conductance with Marijuana Smoking in Healthy Young Men.Bertrand J. Shapiro, M.D., F.A.C.P., Donald P. Tashkin, M.D., Ira M. Frank, M.D.Bertrand J. Shapiro, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Donald P. Tashkin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ira M. Frank, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-832_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have previously found that marijuana smoking and ingested delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC) increased specific airway conductance in healthy young men. The response was dose-dependent, with average maximum increases in specific airway conduction of 48% ± 15% at 15 min after smoking of marijuana (assayed at 2% Δ9THC) and of 45% ± 11% at 180 min after ingestion of 20 mg Δ9THC. To elucidate the mechanism of bronchodilation, two sets of experiments were performed. In 14 subjects typical marijuana smoking maneuvers were stimulated with slow deep breaths held for 20 to 30 sec over 10 min. Specific airway... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Medical Use of Marihuana and THC in PerspectivePharmacology and Toxicology of CannabisBronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol.Bronchial Effects of Aerosolized Delta-9-TetrahydrocannabinolChapter 26. The Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Potentials 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 832-833KeywordsIngestionMarijuana Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Scavenger receptor class B type I mediates biliary cholesterol secretion independent of ATP-binding cassette transporter g5/g8 in mice
Authors: Harmen Wiersma, Alberto Gatti, Niels Nijstad, Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink, Folkert Kuipers, Uwe J. F. Tietge
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mediates selective uptake of cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles by the liver and influences biliary cholesterol secretion. However, it is not clear, if this effect is direct or indirect. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of SR-BI on biliary cholesterol secretion, especially in a functional context with ATP-binding cassette transporter g5 (Abcg5)/Abcg8 and Abcb4. SR-BI was overexpressed by means of adenovirus (AdSR-BI) in livers of wild-type, liver X receptor–null (Lxr−/−), Abcg5−/−, and Abcb4−/− mice. Consistent with previous reports, AdSR-BI decreased plasma HDL cholesterol levels in all models ( P &lt; 0.001). Hepatic cholesterol content increased (at least P &lt; 0.05), whereas expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 target genes was decreased (at least P &lt; 0.05,) and established Lxr target genes were unaltered. Biliary cholesterol secretion was increased by AdSR-BI in wild-type as well as in Lxr−/− and Abcg5−/− mice, and considerably less in Abcb4−/− mice (each P &lt; 0.001), independent of bile acid and phospholipid secretion. Immunogold electron microscopy and western blot showed a substantial increase of SR-BI protein localized to basolateral and canalicular membranes in response to SR-BI overexpression. Subcellular fractionation revealed a significantly higher cholesterol content of canalicular membranes ( P &lt; 0.001) upon SR-BI overexpression. Inhibition of microtubule function did not affect SR-BI–mediated biliary cholesterol secretion, indicating that transcytosis pathways are not involved. Conclusion: Our data indicate that SR-BI mediates biliary cholesterol secretion independent of Abcg5, yet largely depends on Abcb4-mediated phospholipid secretion and mixed micelles as acceptors in bile. SR-BI–mediated biliary cholesterol secretion has a high capacity, can compensate for the absence of Abcg5, and does not require transcytosis pathways. (Hepatology 2009.)