tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fifteen year survival study of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease.
Authors: W J Proudfit, A V Bruschke, J P MacMillan, G W Williams, F M Sones
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Survival rates were determined for a group of 598 patients in whom severe coronary disease was demonstrated by arteriography; initially they were treated medically and were followed-up for 15 years. Deaths due to noncoronary causes were uncommon (5% of total) in the first 5 year period but were frequent (36%) in the third period. Survival rates were 48%, 28%, 18%, and 9% for patients with single-, double-, triple-, and left main artery disease, respectively. Abnormalities documented by ventriculography were related to survival. In 386 patients who would have been candidates for bypass surgery, survival rates were 58%, 35%, 26%, and 11% for those with single-, double-, triple-, and left main artery disease, respectively. Cardiac survival curves for single-, double-, and triple-artery disease in candidates for surgery and curves constructed on the basis of 3% mortality per artery per year corresponded fairly closely. When an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered as a single variable in multivariate analysis, 5 year survival rates of candidates for surgery were influenced by the following in order of importance: abnormal ECG, symptoms at least 5 years in duration, triple-artery disease, double-artery disease, and arteriosclerosis obliterans. A simple prognostic stratification was devised that used only ECGs and duration of symptoms for each subset based on the number of arteries affected.
Randomised controlled trial of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence: six year follow up
Authors: Cathryn M A Glazener, G Peter Herbison, Christine MacArthur, Adrian Grant, P Don Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the long term effects of a conservative nurse-led intervention for postnatal urinary incontinence. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Community based intervention in three centres in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. <b>Participants</b> 747 women with urinary incontinence at three months after childbirth, of whom 516 were followed up again at 6 years (69%). <b>Intervention</b> Active conservative treatment (pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training) at five, seven, and nine months after delivery or standard care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Urinary and faecal incontinence, performance of pelvic floor muscle training. <b>Results</b> Of 2632 women with urinary incontinence, 747 participated in the original trial. The significant improvements relative to controls in urinary (60% <i>v</i> 69%) and faecal (4% <i>v</i> 11%) incontinence at one year were not found at six year follow up (76% <i>v</i> 79% (95% confidence interval for difference in means −10.2% to 4.1%) for urinary incontinence, 12% <i>v</i> 13% (−6.4% to 5.1%) for faecal incontinence) irrespective of subsequent obstetric events. In the short term the intervention had motivated more women to perform pelvic floor muscle training (83% <i>v</i> 55%) but this fell to 50% in both groups in the long term. Both urinary and faecal incontinence increased in prevalence in both groups during the study period. <b>Conclusions</b> The moderate short term benefits of a brief nurse-led conservative treatment of postnatal urinary incontinence may not persist, even among women with no further deliveries. About three quarters of women with urinary incontinence three months after childbirth still have this six years later.
Westminster Hospital: first 250 years.
Authors: J. G. Humble
Journal: BMJ (1966)

At this time there were only two hospitals in London-St.Bartholomew's in Smithfield and St. Thomas's in Southwark.Yet it has been estimated that the population of London was in the neighbourhood of 640,000, so that the position of the sick poor was desperate indeed.This was especially true in Westminster, which was then built up only as far to the south- west as Horseferry Road.Beyond this line low-lying marshy fields, scarce one foot in parts above the river bank, led down to the Chelsea Waterworks, which was situated in the area now occupied by Victoria Station.The area was notorious for various types of febrile illness, including malaria. The Charitable SocietyAt the first meeting at St. Dunstan's Coffee House the "Charitable Society for relieving the Sick Poor and Needy" was established and "Mr.Hoare said that he had £10 in his hands."This money was distributed to sick poor prisoners in the great London prisons, "the White Chapple, the Kings Bench, the Clink and the Marshelsea.
Comparisons of National Cesarean-Section Rates
Authors: Francis C. Notzon, Paul J. Placek, Selma M. Taffel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Abstract Our study of cesarean rates in 19 industrialized countries of Europe, North America, and the Pacific revealed sharp differences in rates, ranging from a low of 5 (Czechoslovakia) to a high of 18 (United States) per 100 hospital deliveries in 1981. Differences in cesarean rates according to maternal age, parity, and complications of pregnancy and childbirth reflected national differences in obstetrical practice. For example, the percentage of mothers who had a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section was only 5 in the United States as compared with 43 in Norway, where the cesarean rate was half that in the United States. Despite the wide range of cesarean rates, almost all the countries studied have had consistent increases over the past decade, and the annual rate of increase for all countries appears to be converging. The steady pace of increase in developed countries, combined with comparable or even higher rates of cesarean delivery now being reported in less developed countries, underscores the need for the medical community to consider the appropriateness of this continued rise in the number of cesarean deliveries. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:386–9).
An Emerging Era of Clinical Benefit From Gene Therapy
Authors: Harry L. Malech, Hans D. Ochs
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-resolution computed tomography in Mycobacterium avium complex disease: one step forward, two steps back
Authors: D. Aggarwal, P.R. Mohapatra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

High-resolution computed tomography in Mycobacterium avium complex disease: one step forward, two steps back To the Editors:We read with interest the article by KUROISHI et al. [1], in which the group pleasantly documented the prognostic implications of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease.KUROISHI et al. [1], found that the presence of atelectasis, cavities, pleural thickening or bronchiectasis on a computed tomography (CT) scan indicated poor prognosis and concluded that CT findings are good predictors of the response to treatment in MAC disease patients.However, there are a few practical issues regarding the topic that need to be addressed.
Drug experts call for stronger regulation of tramadol to reduce misuse
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK government should make the analgesic tramadol a controlled class C substance that carries a potential fine and prison sentence for anyone found using it without a prescription or dealing in the drug, an expert group has said.

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs made its recommendation after conducting a review in response to the rise in deaths from misuse of the drug.1

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that is not currently classified under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, which controls the availability of drugs considered to be have potential for harm and misuse.

If the government adopts the recommended change, anyone convicted of …
GP loses libel action
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A holistic GP who was struck off by the General Medical Council after the death of a patient from a drug overdose lost a libel action against John Marks, the BMA's former chairman, last week.

John Hickey, who practised in Newquay, Cornwall, before he was struck off in 1990, claimed damages over comments made by Dr Marks on a BBC television programme, Doctors in the Dock, in 1995.The programme focused on the death in 1987 of Martin Scholes, an amphetamine addict, from an …
Chemokine-mediated rapid turnover of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Yasushi Sawanobori, Satoshi Ueha, Makoto Kurachi, Takeshi Shimaoka, James E. Talmadge, Jun Abe, Yusuke Shono, Masahiro Kitabatake, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Naofumi Mukaida, Kouji Matsushima
Journal: Blood (2008)
Targeting CDK1 promotes FLT3-activated acute myeloid leukemia differentiation through C/EBPα
Authors: Hanna S. Radomska, Meritxell Alberich-Jordà, Britta Will, David Gonzalez, Ruud Delwel, Daniel G. Tenen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Mutations that activate the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor are among the most prevalent mutations in acute myeloid leukemias. The oncogenic role of FLT3 mutants has been attributed to the abnormal activation of several downstream signaling pathways, such as STAT3, STAT5, ERK1/2, and AKT. Here, we discovered that the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) pathway is also affected by internal tandem duplication mutations in FLT3. Moreover, we also identified C/EBPα, a granulopoiesis-promoting transcription factor, as a substrate for CDK1. We further demonstrated that CDK1 phosphorylates C/EBPα on serine 21, which inhibits its differentiation-inducing function. Importantly, we found that inhibition of CDK1 activity relieves the differentiation block in cell lines with mutated FLT3 as well as in primary patient-derived peripheral blood samples. Clinical trials with CDK1 inhibitors are currently under way for various malignancies. Our data strongly suggest that targeting the CDK1 pathway might be applied in the treatment of FLT3ITD mutant leukemias, especially those resistant to FLT3 inhibitor therapies.
Where's the beef? It's less about cooperation, more about conflict
Authors: Laura Betzig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Individuals give for two reasons. One is to get a benefit back. The other is to avoid a cost. “Cooperation” theories stress mutual benefits. “Conflict” theories stress costs. Hunters may give up part of their hunt because they get favors back, or because the recipients are stronger than they are and the hunting isn't as good anywhere else.
A tale of two citations: counting on numeracy in the digital divide
Authors: I. M Gladstone
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The BMJ ( British Medical Journal ) and JAMA (the Journal of the American Medical Association) are vanguard clarions of their respective medical communities. In 1999 the BMJ published an analysis of JAMA cover art that was critical of the choices made.1 This criticism inflamed many post-colonial physicians, who rose to defend their homeland. With pride, those west of the Atlantic pointed to the technological advances, the rise of Silicon Valley, and the importance of numbers in the daily lives of Americans.

To demonstrate this last item we evaluated whether numeracy in titles of articles in medical journals is more prevalent, and by inference more important to physicians, in the United States.

We reviewed issues of JAMA and BMJ for 2001. To maintain equivalence—that is, not comparing apples and oranges …
PRIMARY PULMONARY COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
Authors: Alfred E. Cronkite, Arthur R. Lack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. The literature concerning inhalation infection with Coccidioides immitis is briefly reviewed. 2. A laboratory technique for exposing animals to inhalation of the spores of Coccidioides immitis is described. 3. Primary pulmonary infection was produced in 42 per cent of 72 animals exposed by this method. 4. No marked weight loss was apparent in the animals infected. 5. Skin tests with coccidioidin were not entirely satisfactory in diagnosis. Positive skin tests with coccidioidin were obtained in many of the infected animals, but inconsistencies occurred. 6. The gross and microscopic lesions are briefly described and illustrated.
Secondary amyloidosis due to Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Authors: H O Omer, S M Abdel Wahab
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Four children with Schistosoma mansoni infection and the nephrotic syndrome with varying degrees of renal dysfunction were found on histological examination to have amyloidosis. In one boy who had no evidence of renal failure complete clinical regression of his nephrotic syndrome and almost complete disappearance of renal amyloid deposits followed adequate treatment of his schistosomal infection. Conditions known to cause secondary amyloidosis were excluded in all four patients. Amyloidosis in association with mansoni infection is probably more common than is currently recognised. Early treatment of the infection, before renal function becomes impaired, may result in regression of the amyloidosis.
One Factor in Increase of Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: Broda O. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

IT IS WELL established by clinical studies and by postmortem findings that the incidence of bronchial carcinoma has increased sharply in recent years. Many theories have been advanced to account for this increase. Doll 1 summarized possible etiological factors in 1953 for England, which included atmospheric pollution, after-effects of influenza, and smoking. Burney 2 has recently enlarged on the subjected influance of smoking. The relative merits of any of the theories being discussed in this paper are only to present some data from autopsies during the last 15 years from the Pathological Institute of the University of Graz. About 2,000 autopsies are done each year from the province of Steirmark, population about 1,500,000. All ages and classes of people are represented, and, likewise, all diseases.  The data were taken from 26,546 autopsies done from 1944 through 1958. The same increase in lung cancer was found as reported from other
Pregnancy in women with known and treated Budd–Chiari syndrome: Maternal and fetal outcomes
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Bernhard Angermayr, Juan-Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Rami Moucari, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Sebastian Raffa, Jacques Bernuau, Bertrand Condat, Michel Levardon, Carine Yver, Guillaume Ducarme, Dominique Luton, Marie-Hélène Denninger, Dominique Valla, Aurélie Plessier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
EUR<i>Observational</i> Research Programme: regional differences and 1‐year follow‐up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC‐HF Pilot)
Authors: Aldo P. Maggioni, Ulf Dahlström, Gerasimos Filippatos, Ovidiu Chioncel, Marisa Crespo Leiro, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Friedrich Fruhwald, Lars Gullestad, Damien Logeart, Gianna Fabbri, Renato Urso, Marco Metra, John Parissis, Hans Persson, Piotr Ponikowski, Mathias Rauchhaus, Adriaan A. Voors, Olav Wendelboe Nielsen, Faiez Zannad, Luigi Tavazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
HIV programmes reduce deaths and new infections, UNAIDS report shows
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Substantial increases in global efforts to prevent and treat HIV are achieving measurable effects in terms of reductions in deaths and new infections, says a report from UNAIDS.

The past two years have seen “a tripling of HIV prevention efforts in some countries for populations most at risk,” said Paul De Lay, director of monitoring and evaluation at UNAIDS. Prevention education has been integrated into 90% of primary school education in sub-Saharan Africa, compared with 65% worldwide, the report states.

“Young people are waiting longer to become sexually active,” Dr De Lay said. For example, in Cameroon the percentage of young people having sex before the age of 15 has fallen from 35% in 2005 to 14% in 2007. The use of antiretroviral drugs at the time of birth to prevent mother to child transmission of the virus has risen from 14% to 33% worldwide in the past two years.

As a result of these changes, the number of new infections in people under the …
Abstract 1039: Downregulation of beta1 integrins in E-cadherin positive triple negative breast cancer cells elicits pro-metastatic shift in migration strategy through TGFbeta/miR200/ZEB signaling network
Authors: Erik H. Danen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrin adhesion receptors provide cancer cells with physical and chemical cues that act in concert with growth factors to support survival and proliferation. Preclinical studies testing β1 integrin antagonists in (breast) cancer models have shown inhibition of tumor growth and sensitization to radio- or chemotherapy and these strategies are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we show that downregulation of β1 integrins attenuates breast tumor growth but dissemination to the lungs from such small tumors can be markedly enhanced. β1 integrin downregulation induces compensatory upregulation of β3 integrins, but increased β3 expression does not lead to enhanced lung metastasis. Instead, β1 integrin downregulation in human and mouse triple negative, E-cadherin positive breast cancer cells elicits a switch from collective invasion to individual cell migration in 3D ECM. This involves alterations in the TGFβ-BMP signaling network shifting the balance between miR-200 and ZEB, which causes a block in E-cadherin transcription. The switch is fully reversible: restored β1 expression reinstates E-cadherin expression and cell cohesion. Moreover, restoring the network at the level of TGFβR, ZEB/miR-200 balance, or E-cadherin, restores cohesion and prevents the induction of lung metastasis without affecting tumor growth. These findings reveal that integrin-mediated ECM-attachments regulate a signaling network in control of epithelial characteristics that suppress metastatic spread. This raises concerns with respect to the use of β1 integrins as cancer drug targets. Citation Format: Erik H. Danen. Downregulation of beta1 integrins in E-cadherin positive triple negative breast cancer cells elicits pro-metastatic shift in migration strategy through TGFbeta/miR200/ZEB signaling network. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1039. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1039
A SIMPLE METHOD OF RECTAL FEEDING OR PROCTOCLYSIS
Authors: EBEN C. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The excellent results obtained in the treatment of peritonitis by proctoclysis, and the number of cases demanding nutrient enemas, have resulted in the devising of various forms of more or less elaborate apparatus for introducing fluids slowly and continuously into the rectum at a constant temperature. For hospital work or when refined instruments can be used any of these give admirable results. But in certain cases occurring outside of hospitals a simple and readily improvised method is sometimes of value.  In a cancerous condition of the stomach demanding rectal feeding, and in a
A STUDY OF THE COMPETITION OF LECITHIN AND ANTITOXIN FOR CL. WELCHII LECITHINASE
Authors: Paul C. Zamecnik, Fritz Lipmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Lecithin has been found to interfere with the combining reaction of Cl. welchii alpha toxin (lecithinase) and its antitoxin. If the lecithinase is first brought into contact with lecithin, and the antitoxin is then added, the antitoxin fails to stop the enzymatic reaction, but gradually decelerates it. If the lecithinase is brought into contact with both lecithin and antitoxin at the same instant, it appears to combine in part with each, and the enzymatic process takes place at a reduced rate, which gradually declines further. If the lecithinase is first brought into contact with antitoxin, before the lecithin is added, the enzymatic reaction is completely inhibited. This ability of lecithin to inhibit the antitoxin-toxin combination cannot be explained adequately as a non-specific coating of the toxin-enzyme by the lecithin. It is rather suggested that lecithin and antitoxin compete specifically for combination with the same regions on the enzyme molecule. Lecithin has similarly been found to interfere with the combination of Crotalus terrificus venom and its antiserum. The above findings provide a partial explanation for the lack of effectiveness of antitoxin when given late in the course of Cl. welchii infection.
Extraprostatic Factors in Urinary Retention
Authors: Herbert S. Talbot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ENLARGEMENT of the prostate is so preponderantly the major cause of urinary retention and its surgical treatment has been so generally successful that it may mask other disturbances of bladder function. The development of retention in patients who show no obstruction at the vesical orifice or its persistence in those who have been subjected to prostatectomy, with apparently adequate indication, suggests that other factors are operating, either alone or in combination with enlargement of the gland. Obviously, these factors must be recognized and evaluated if unnecessary surgery is to be avoided, and satisfactory functional results assured in patients for whom . . .