tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shifting Responsibilities in Organ Procurement: A Plan for Routine Referral
Authors: Jeffrey Prottas
Journal: JAMA (1988)

It is claimed that the primary factor affecting the supply of transplantable organs is the cooperation of health professionals. Organ procurement agencies (OPAs) must obtain timely access to potential donors who are mainly identified and contacted by the nurses and neurophysicians in intensive care units (ICUs). The discretion of medical personnel is limited to their judgment about medical suitability for donation while required request laws ensure that the family is offered the option of organ donation. Prottas argues that the hospital and its staff do not have a right to stand between the family and OPAs and that the principle of required request should be implemented through a policy of "routine referral." This policy would require hospitals routinely to inform OPAs of admissions of potential organ donors, thereby increasing OPA access independently of ICU staff behavior. Medical staff would still determine donor suitability and the time when the OPA could contact the family.
Improvement in symptoms and exercise capacity at eight weeks in a controlled study of autologous bone marrow cell transplant in humans with severe ischemic heart failure
Authors: Emerson C. Perin, Hans F. Dohmann, Radovan Borojevic, Andre Luiz S. Sousa, Hans J. Dohmann, Antonio C. Carvalho, Yong J. Geng, Guilherme V. Silva, Fernando Rangel, Suzana A. Silva, Roberto Esporcatte, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
IS ARTERIOSCLEROSIS A HEREDITARY CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASE?
Authors: M. A. MORTENSEN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

[Editorial Note.  —This paper and the three that follow it: by Drs. Allen, Scharf and Lundin; by Dr. Christian, and by Dr. Newburgh, Dr. Marsh, Sarah Clarkson and Dr. Curtis, respectively, constitute a symposium on vascular and renal disease.]  Arteriosclerosis is not a modern disease. Egyptian mummies have been found with sclerotic vessels. 1 Mortality statistics of the last few decades have shown a gradual increase in arteriosclerosis and associated diseases. This fact makes the subject of cardiovascular renal disease a vital one to the practitioner as well as to his patients.  Etiology of arteriosclerosis is abundantly discussed in medical literature, but most authorities agree that our knowledge is still limited and uncertain and hence the subject of this study is put in the form of a question. Infections, acute and chronic, excessive indulgence in protein food, tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and even overwork, have been advanced as causes of arteriosclerosis;
Abstract A13: Molecular profiling of low grade serous ovarian tumors
Authors: Sally M. Hunter, Kylie L. Gorringe, Michael S. Anglesio, Raghwa Sharma, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Phillip Moss, Andrew Stephens, C Blake Gilks, David Hunstman, Anna deFazio, Ian Campbell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Borderline ovarian tumors fill an unusual niche between completely benign tumors and frank malignancies. These tumors tend to follow a relatively benign clinical course; however, they can recur as low grade serous carcinoma. Tumor features such as invasive implants and micropapillary growth pattern have been proposed to separate serous borderline tumors (SBTs) with invasive-like behaviour from SBTs with benign behaviour. It is currently unknown whether these features are associated with specific molecular events and whether molecular profiling of borderline tumors could offer a significant improvement of predicting likelihood of recurrence and progression. This study aimed to perform genome-wide high-resolution molecular analysis of a large cohort of serous borderline ovarian tumors (n=57), employing copy number analysis and mutation screening, and compared these to a cohort of low grade serous carcinomas (n=19). Clinical features such as tumor stage and laterality were found to correlate with the identity of the underlying oncogenic driver mutation, as were the presence or absence of genomic copy number aberrations and the presence of specific copy number aberrations in the SBT cohort. Comparison of genomic aberrations in SBTs to low grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs) identified loss of heterozygosity events that were very significantly enriched in carcinomas. In conclusion, we have identified correlations between the specific oncogenic mutation a tumor carries and tumor characteristics such as level of genomic aberration and spread beyond the ovary. These findings are consistent with previous reports that specific oncogenic mutations may have a better prognosis in low grade serous tumors. Identifiable correlations between molecular events and tumor characteristics suggest it will be possible to use patient-specific tumor characteristics to better define a suitable level of treatment and follow-up. This is an important consideration as although patients have a very good short term prognosis, over an extended period recurrence and progression of SBTs to LGSCs is not insignificant and later stage LGSCs are relatively chemoresistant. Citation Format: Sally M. Hunter, Kylie L. Gorringe, Michael S. Anglesio, Raghwa Sharma, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Phillip Moss, Andrew Stephens, C Blake Gilks, Group Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, David Hunstman, Anna deFazio, Ian Campbell. Molecular profiling of low grade serous ovarian tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Interaction of von Willebrand factor with human platelets in the plasma milieu.
Authors: J Schullek, J Jordan, R R Montgomery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The binding of von Willebrand factor (vWf) to stimulated platelets in the plasma milieu was performed using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to vWf. Plasma proteins specifically inhibited the thrombin- and ADP/epinephrine-induced vWf binding to activated platelets but did not inhibit the ristocetin-induced vWf binding. When normal plasma was heat defibrinated, monoclonal-labeled vWf was bound to platelets following thrombin or ADP/epinephrine stimulation. Furthermore, monoclonal-labeled vWf from afibrinogenemic plasma bound normally to platelets. The binding of vWf to stimulated platelets in either heat-defibrinated normal plasma or afibrinogenemic plasma was specifically inhibited by the addition of normal plasma fibrinogen in a concentration-dependent manner. At levels of fibrinogen less than 1 mg/ml, however, vWf binding could be demonstrated. The inhibition by fibrinogen of vWf binding to platelets was competitive and overcome by increased concentrations of vWf. These studies show that thrombin-induced and ADP/epinephrine-induced vWf binding to platelets does not occur in the plasma milieu, although at reduced levels of fibrinogen, vWf binding to stimulated platelets can be demonstrated.
Lymphography of the Cervical Lymphatic System
Authors: Franklin S. Alcorn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A practical method for studying lymphatics of the upper and lower trunk has had wide clinical use since first introduced by Kinmonth in the early 1950's. Cervical lymphography, on the other hand, has not been widely used in routine clinical medicine, probably because of technical difficulties, as well as the accessibility of the cervical lymph nodes to palpation. The present monograph directs itself primarily toward a study of the surgical technique, flow pathways, anatomy, and, to a lesser extent, the changes of these aspects in neoplastic disease and following radical neck surgery and deep x-ray therapy of the neck. The author provides a useful classification of the deep and superficial cervical nodes based on their flow pattern, and emphasizes that all of the normal lymph nodes of the cervical group do not fill during a given study. The reader is warned that absence of visualization in a group of nodes
Determination of monomethylarsonous acid, a key arsenic methylation intermediate, in human urine.
Authors: X C Le, M Ma, W R Cullen, H V Aposhian, X Lu, B Zheng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In this study we report on the finding of monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] in human urine. This newly identified arsenic species is a key intermediate in the metabolic pathway of arsenic biomethylation, which involves stepwise reduction of pentavalent to trivalent arsenic species followed by oxidative addition of a methyl group. Arsenic speciation was carried out using ion-pair chromatographic separation of arsenic compounds with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection. Speciation of the inorganic arsenite [As(III)], inorganic arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)], dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)], and MMA(III) in a urine sample was complete in 5 min. Urine samples collected from humans before and after a single oral administration of 300 mg sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS) were analyzed for arsenic species. MMA(III) was found in 51 out of 123 urine samples collected from 41 people in inner Mongolia 0-6 hr after the administration of DMPS. MMA(III )in urine samples did not arise from the reduction of MMA(V) by DMPS. DMPS probably assisted the release of MMA(III) that was formed in the body. Along with the presence of MMA(III), there was an increase in the relative concentration of MMA(V) and a decrease in DMA(V) in the urine samples collected after the DMPS ingestion.
Mitochondrial donation could benefit 150 UK women a year, study says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Around 150 women a year in the United Kingdom could benefit from mitochondrial donation if regulations are passed in parliament to allow these new in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques, research published in the New England Journal of Medicine has shown.1

Mitochondrial diseases are caused by inherited mutations in the DNA contained in mitochondria. These can range from mild and asymptomatic disorders to serious disorders including some types of muscular dystrophy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and Leigh syndrome. New techniques have been developed that involve removing faulty mitochondria inherited from the mother and replacing them with healthy mitochondria from a donor.

The UK government published …
P39 Ventilatory Response Amongst Scuba Divers and Non-Divers
Authors: CMN Earing, DJ McKeon, H-P Kubis
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Purpose</h3> To investigate the ventilatory response to CO<sub>2</sub> in hyperoxia, hypoxia, and during exercise amongst experienced scuba divers and matched controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Three studies were performed comparing the ventilatory response to CO2 of experienced scuba divers with non-diving matched controls. The first study measured the ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT) during CO2 rebreathing in hyperoxia of experienced divers (n=10) and controls (n=10); the second study investigated the CO2 sensitivity in rest and exercise using CO2 rebreathing in hyperoxia at a workload designed to mimic the load of diving with scuba divers (n=11) and controls (n=11). The third study examined the respiratory drive of scuba divers (n=10) and controls (n=10) whilst breathing four different gas mixtures balanced with N2 (ambient air; 25% O2/6% CO2; 13% O2; 13% O2/6% CO2) aimed to assess the combined response to hypercapnia and moderate hypoxia. <h3>Results</h3> Experienced divers possessed a higher VRT (<i>P&lt;</i>0.05<i>)</i> coinciding with the accumulation of 7%insCO2(pCO2cap =53.20±2.20 mm Hg) during CO2 rebreathing compared to controls with VRT occurring at 6%insCO2(pCO2cap =44.72±1.74 mm Hg). Exercise at a load typical for diving was found to have no effect on the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 in divers (rest: 1.49±0.33; exercise: 1.22±0.55 [l/min x mmHg-1]) and controls (rest: 2.08±0.71; exercise: 2.05±0.98 [l/min x mmHg-1]) while differences in sensitivity remained between the groups (<i>P&lt;</i>0.05<i>)</i>. Inspiration of the four test gas mixtures revealed there was no contribution of the tested oxygen pressures to the difference in ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 between divers and controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Divers possess a lower ventilatory response to CO2 which was not affected by exercise or the tested oxygen pressures suggesting an adaptation of central CO2 sensitivity. <h3>Key Words</h3> Diving, hypercapnia, hypoxia, chemo sensitivity, exercise
Adrenaline in allergic emergencies.
Authors: M. Gavalas, J. Myers
Journal: BMJ (1992)

however, is open to error.A considerable educational effort would be required to alter established prescribing habits.To complicate matters further, the title of the products on the datasheet does not reflect the name printed on our stock of the reformulated product.Omnopon Paediatric is actually packaged and labelled as Omnopon 10 with no reference to paediatric on the box.We believe that the risk of the wrong strength of Omnopon being prescribed and administered is great and does not warrant its continued use.
Biological characteristics of newly diagnosed poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Azra Raza, Harvey D. Preisler, Ya Qin Li, Richard A. Larson, Jack Goldberg, George Browman, John Bennett, Hans Grunwald, Ralph Vogler, Cathi Kukla
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract A pilot study was conducted of the biological characteristics of the leukemia cells of newly diagnosed patients with poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study included measurements of the pretherapy proliferative rate of the leukemia cells in vivo, assessment of differentiation in vivo during remission induction therapy, and the level of expression of the fms, myc, and IL1β genes in pretherapy leukemia cells. Short cell cycle times were characteristic of the best prognostic category and were associated with a rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells in cytosine arabinoside (araC)‐sensitive patients. Expression of c‐fms was associated with rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells during araC therapy and with a successful treatment outcome. Expression of the IL1β gene was associated with short remissions. These studies suggest that when compared to newly diagnosed standard prognosis AML, the leukemia of poor prognosis patients is more likely to exhibit long cell cycle times, low levels of fms expression, and is less likely to be associated with myeloid differentiation during remission induction therapy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In pregnant smokers, the nicotine patch did not increase abstinence or birthweight more than placebo
Authors: Tim Lancaster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club17 June 2014In pregnant smokers, the nicotine patch did not increase abstinence or birthweight more than placeboTim Lancaster, MDTim Lancaster, MDNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, England, UK (T.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-12-201406170-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBerlin I, Grange G, Jacob N, Tanguy ML. Nicotine patches in pregnant smokers: randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial of efficacy. BMJ. 2014;348:g1622. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24627552Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tim Lancaster, MDAffiliations: Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, England, UK (T.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 June 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessationA systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy 17 June 2014Volume 160, Issue 12Page: JC11KeywordsBirthInfantsNicotinePatientsPopulation statisticsPregnancyResearch laboratoriesSalivaSmoking cessationStillbirths ePublished: 17 June 2014 Issue Published: 17 June 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of gender and race on prognosis after myocardial infarction: Adverse prognosis for women, particularly black women
Authors: Geoffrey H. Tofler, Peter H. Stone, James E. Muller, Stefan N. Willich, Vicki G. Davis, W. Kenneth Poole, H. William Strauss, James T. Willerson, Allan S. Jaffe, Thomas Robertson, Eugene Passamani, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
The difficult epileptic child.
Authors: J Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The formation of a bond between a bacterium and a mineral is ultimately controlled by forces that operate over length scales of a few nanometers. This manuscript presents evidence that bacteria may actively modulate forces at the cell-mineral interface to promote contact with specific mineral phases. Nano- to pico-Newton forces were measured between goethite (FeOOH) and each of two species of Gram negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i>) in aqueous solution of varying oxygen concentration. The interactions were dominated by electrostatic and steric forces as either bacterium approached to within 10 to 12 nm of the surface of goethite. The van der Waals force exhibited an influence on each bacterium-mineral pair at separations of ∼2 nm. These types of nonspecific forces were all that were observed for the <i>E. coli</i>-goethite pair. However, <i>S. oneidensis</i> exhibited a selective disposition to form a specific bond with goethite, particularly under anaerobic conditions. These data suggest that <i>S. oneidensis</i> is able to perceive and recognize the surface of metal oxyhydroxides and regulate attractive forces at the cell-oxide interface. This may be a vestige of the close evolutionary linkage between iron oxyhydroxides and metal-reducing bacteria like <i>Shewanella</i>, which can use Fe(III) in the crystal structure of a mineral as a terminal electron acceptor.
Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines and C-Reactive Protein in Human Macrophage Cell Line U937 Exposed to Air Pollution Particulates
Authors: Christoph Franz Adam Vogel, Eric Sciullo, Pat Wong, Paul Kuzmicky, Norman Kado, Fumio Matsumura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Exposure to particulate matter air pollution causes inflammatory responses and is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular mortality. Macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and forming foam cells in subendothelial lesions. The present study quantified the inflammatory response in a human macrophage cell line (U937) after exposure to an ambient particulate sample from urban dust (UDP) and a diesel exhaust particulate (DEP). The effect of native UDP and DEP was compared with their corresponding organic extracts (OE-UDP/OE-DEP) and stripped particles (sUDP/sDEP) to clarify their respective roles. Exposure to OE-UDP, OE-DEP, UDP, DEP, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin led to a greater increase of interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression than did the stripped particles, whereas sUDP, sDEP, UDP, and DEP led to a greater production of C-reactive protein and IL-6 mRNA. The particles and the organic extract-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cytochrome P450 (CYP)1a1 was significantly suppressed by co-treatment with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist, indicating that these effects are mainly mediated by the organic components, which can activate the AhR and CYP1a1. In contrast, the induction of C-reactive protein and IL-6 seems to be a particle-related effect that is AhR independent. The inflammatory response induced by particulate matter was associated with a subsequent increase of cholesterol accumulation, a hallmark of foam cells. Together, these data illustrate the interaction between particulate matter and the inflammatory response as well as the formation of cholesterol-accumulating foam cells, which are early markers of cardiovascular disease.
Continuing medical education: Maintaining standards in British and Canadian medicine: the developing role of the regulatory body
Authors: L. Southgate, D. Dauphinee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Background</h3> Unplanned 30-day readmissions have a negative impact on patients and healthcare systems. Mechanically ventilated ED patients are at high risk for complications, but factors associated with readmission are unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> (1) Determine the rate of 30-day hospital readmission for ED patients receiving mechanical ventilation. (2) Identify associations between ED-based risk factors and readmission. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Tertiary-care, academic medical centre. <h3>Patients</h3> Adult ED patients receiving mechanical ventilation. <h3>Measurements</h3> Baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, illness severity and treatment variables were collected, as were clinical outcomes occurring during the index hospitalisation. The primary outcome was 30-day hospital readmission rate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the primary outcome. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1262 patients were studied. The primary outcome occurred in 287 (22.7%) patients. There was no association between care in the ED and readmission. During the index hospitalisation, readmitted patients had shorter ventilator, hospital and intensive care unit duration (P&lt;0.05 for all). The primary outcome was associated with African-American race (adjusted OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.78)), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.06)), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.78)) and higher illness severity (adjusted OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Almost one in four mechanically ventilated ED patients are readmitted within 30 days, and readmission is associated with patient-level and institutional-level factors. Strategies must be developed to identify, treat and coordinate care for the most at-risk patients.
Effects of the Short-Acting Insulin Analog [Lys(B28),Pro(B29)] on Postprandial Blood Glucose Control in IDDM
Authors: Elisabetta Torlone, Simone Pampanelli, Carlo Lalli, Paola Del Sindaco, Antonio Di Vincenzo, Anna Maria Rambotti, Francesco Modarelli, Lucilla Epifano, Giorgia Kassi, Gabriele Perriello, Paolo Brunetti, Geremia Bolli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To establish the effects of the short-acting insulin analog Lispro versus human regular insulin (Hum-R) on postprandial metabolic control in IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four studies were performed in 10 C-peptide-negative IDDM patients. Lispro or Hum-R (0.15 U/kg) or Lispro + NPH (0.07 U/kg) or Hum-R + NPH were injected subcutaneously 30 min (Hum-R) or 5 min (Lispro) before lunch. Preprandial plasma glucose (PG) was maintained on all four occasions at ∼ 7.3 mmol/l by intravenous insulin. RESULTS After subcutaneous Lispro injection, plasma free insulin (FIRI) was greater between 0 and 2 h (233 ± 22 pmol/l) than after Hum-R (197 ± 25 pmol/l) but lower between 2.25 and 7 h (81 ± 10 vs. 104 ± 13 pmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05). After Lispro, PG was lower versus Hum-R for 3 h (7.4 ± 0.6 vs. 8.3 ± 0.9 mmol/l) but subsequently increased more than after Hum-R (3.25-7h, 11.3 ± 1 vs. 9.6 ± 1.2 mmol/l), resulting in a 7-h postprandial PG greater than Hum-R (9.4 ± 0.5 vs. 8.8 ± 0.6 mmol/l) (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Addition of NPH to Lispro increased the 2.5-to 7-h FIRI to 110 ± 11 pmol/l and decreased the 3.25- to 7-h PG to 7.7 ± 0.8 pmol/l, resulting in 0- to 7-h PG (7.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l) lower than after Hum-R + NPH (7.9 ± 0.5 pmol/l) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS At meals, in order for Lispro to improve postprandial blood glucose not only at 2-h, but also over a 7-h period in C-peptide–negative IDDM, basal insulin must be optimally replaced.