tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systematic Aortic and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy Versus Resection of Bulky Nodes Only in Optimally Debulked Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Angelo Maggioni, Neville Hacker, Fabio Landoni, Sven Ackermann, Elio Campagnutta, Karl Tamussino, Raimund Winter, Antonio Pellegrino, Stefano Greggi, Roberto Angioli, Natalina Manci, Giovanni Scambia, Tiziana Dell'Anna, Roldano Fossati, Irene Floriani, Rita S. Rossi, Roberto Grassi, Giuseppe Favalli, Francesco Raspagliesi, Diana Giannarelli, Luca Martella, Costantino Mangioni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

The role of systematic aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with optimally debulked advanced ovarian cancer is unclear and has not been addressed by randomized studies. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine whether systematic aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy improves progression-free and overall survival compared with resection of bulky nodes only.From January 1991 through May 2003, 427 eligible patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIB-C and IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma were randomly assigned to undergo systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (n = 216) or resection of bulky nodes only (n = 211). Progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using a log-rank statistic and a Cox multivariable regression analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided.After a median follow-up of 68.4 months, 292 events (i.e., recurrences or deaths) were observed, and 202 patients had died. Sites of first recurrences were similar in both arms. The adjusted risk for first event was statistically significantly lower in the systematic lymphadenectomy arm (hazard ratio [HR] = .75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59 to 0.94; P = .01) than in the no-lymphadenectomy arm, corresponding to 5-year progression-free survival rates of 31.2 and 21.6% in the systematic lymphadenectomy and control arms, respectively (difference = 9.6%, 95% CI = 1.5% to 21.6%), and to median progression-free survival of 29.4 and 22.4 months, respectively (difference = 7 months, 95% CI = 1.0 to 14.4 months). The risk of death was similar in both arms (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.29; P = .85), corresponding to 5-year overall survival rates of 48.5 and 47%, respectively (difference = 1.5%, 95% CI = -8.4% to 10.6%), and to median overall survival of 58.7 and 56.3 months, respectively (difference = 2.4 months, 95% CI = -11.8 to 21.0 months). Median operating time was longer, and the percentage of patients requiring blood transfusions was higher in the systematic lymphadenectomy arm than in the no-lymphadenectomy arm (300 versus 210 minutes, P<.001, and 72% versus 59%; P = .006, respectively).Systematic lymphadenectomy improves progression-free but not overall survival in women with optimally debulked advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Combination of porous hydroxyapatite and cationic liposomes as a vector for BMP-2 gene therapy
Authors: Ichiro Ono, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hai-Ying Jin, Yoshinori Ito, Hirobumi Hamada, Yoshikiyo Akasaka, Masanori Nakasu, Tetsunori Ogawa, Kowichi Jimbow
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
836-6 ST-segment resolution, time from symptom onset to reperfusion, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grades, and creatine kinanse-release: Association with infarct size as assessed by delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Holger Thiele, Mathias Kappl, Kazem Rahimi, Peter Sick, Josef Niebauer, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
T-regulatory cells in COPD or tumour environment
Authors: J. Domagala-Kulawik, M. Maskey-Warzecowska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

We read with great interest the paper by ISAJEVS et al. [1] published recently in the European Respiratory Journal.The role of regulatory cells in the pathomechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an interesting issue and has been the subject of our studies on the systemic effects in COPD.Our results suggest that in COPD patients, the proportion of T-regulatory cells (identified by flow cytometry with CD4/ CD25/ CTLA4 antibodies) is significantly decreased [2]; thus, the attention captured by the aforementioned article.It seems to us that there are some aspects which need to be clarified by the authors.
Hemoglobin, serum iron, and zinc protoporphyrin in lead-exposed workers.
Authors: R Lilis, J Eisinger, W Blumberg, A Fischbein, I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In a previous study of secondary lead smelter workers (males), a significant prevalence of low hemoglobin levels (less than 14 g/100 ml) was found; a statistically significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin was also detected. In the present study serum iron (Fe) levels and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were included in the investigation of 111 secondary lead smelter workers and 37 nonexposed controls. The distribution and mean values of serum iron and TIBC were found to be in the normal range in the lead exposed workers; there was no significant difference when compared to the control population. There was no significant correlation between blood lead or zinc protoporphyrin and serum iron, TIBC and Fe/TIBC. A statistically significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and blood lead levels was found; the correlation between hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin reached a much higher level of significance. The results support the view that anemia (low hemoglobin levels) in lead exposed male workers is related to the heme synthesis inhibiting effects of lead, as reflected by elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels, and is not due to iron deficiency.
Unmutated and mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemias derive from self-reactive B cell precursors despite expressing different antibody reactivity
Authors: Maxime Hervé, Kai Xu, Yen-Shing Ng, Hedda Wardemann, Emilia Albesiano, Bradley T. Messmer, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Eric Meffre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of expanding monoclonal B cells whose B cell receptor (BCR) mutational status defines 2 subgroups; patients with mutated BCRs have a more favorable prognosis than those with unmutated BCRs. CLL B cells express a restricted BCR repertoire including antibodies with quasi-identical complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), which suggests specific antigen recognition. The antigens recognized by CLL antibodies may include autoantigens since about half of CLL B cells produce autoreactive antibodies. However, the distribution of autoreactive antibodies between Ig heavy-chain variable-unmutated (IgV-unmutated) CLL (UM-CLL) and IgV-mutated CLL (M-CLL) is unknown. To determine the role of antibody reactivity and the impact of somatic hypermutation (SHM) on CLL antibody specificity, we cloned and expressed in vitro recombinant antibodies from M- and UM-CLL B cells and tested their reactivity by ELISA. We found that UM-CLL B cells expressed highly polyreactive antibodies whereas most M-CLL B cells did not. When mutated nonautoreactive CLL antibody sequences were reverted in vitro to their germline counterparts, they encoded polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. We concluded that both UM-CLLs and M-CLLs originate from self-reactive B cell precursors and that SHM plays an important role in the development of the disease by altering original BCR autoreactivity.
Increased Platelet Aggregation in Early Diabetus Mellitus
Authors: JULIUS SAGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

In view of the tendency toward vascular disease in diabetes mellitus, we studied platelet aggregation in 15 normal, 7 prediabetic, 12 latent, and 20 frankly diabetic subjects. Platelets from latent and frank diabetics showed increased platelet aggregation 4 minutes after adding adenosine 5'-diphosphate (60% verus 29% at 1.0 mu-M), epinephrine (46% versus 14% at 0.25 mu-M), and collagen (72% versus 17% at 0.25 mu-g/ml). Three prediabetics had increased platelet aggregation. Platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents was most marked in frank diabetics, intermediate in latent diabetics, and least in prediabetics. Second-phase platelet aggregation was reversed with acetylsalicylic acid, intravenous tolbutamide, and oral glucose administration. We conclude that platelet aggregation may be increased early in diabetes mellitus and may be involved in the genesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Prospective studies on the effect of therapeutic agents such as acetylsalicylic acid on the natural course of diabetic vascular disease are indicated.
Psychological effects of being offered choice of surgery for breast cancer
Authors: L J Fallowfield, A Hall, P Maguire, M Baum, R P A'Hern
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The putative benefits of patients participating in decision making in health care are frequently asserted by the proponents of a strong consumerist approach but are supported by few data. The proponents argue, for example, that an opportunity to choose surgery prevents the psychological morbidity associated with breast cancer. Results from studies are equivocal, although the studies are often based on small samples with short follow up and minimal assessment of morbidity.*RF 1-3* We report psychological data from a prospective study covering three years which compared women treated by surgeons who offered choice whenever possible with women treated by surgeons who favoured either mastectomy or breast conserving surgery.

We studied 269 consecutive patients aged under 75 with stage I or II breast cancer in south east England. We assessed them using semistructured psychiatric interviews …
Assembling the evidence for patient centred care
Authors: T. Fahey, B. NicLiam
Journal: BMJ (2014)

National Voices has provided a promising series of narrative reviews 

National Voices, a health and care charity coalition, has launched “a new set of take-away resources which set out the best ways to engage people and make person centred care happen.” These narrative reviews synthesise the evidence from five domains—promoting prevention; improving information and understanding; enhancing experience; supporting self management; and supporting shared decision making. Based on evidence from nearly 800 systematic reviews, they take the form of “simple guide” booklets that can be downloaded from the National Voices website (www.nationalvoices.org.uk/evidence).

With the overarching aim of providing evidence to “support commissioners and providers to access, understand and make use of the best evidence for various approaches to involving people in their health and healthcare,” these resources have achieved what they set out to do. The evidence in each of the five domains …
Reducing Sickle Cell Deaths
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis in School-Aged Children
Authors: Pamela R. Wood, Kelly T. McKee, Jacob A. Lohr, J. Owen Hendley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The relative frequency of meningitis caused by<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>in school-aged children was determined by reviewing etiologic diagnoses in children 6 to 15 years old admitted to four hospitals from 1974 to 1978. Sixty-five (45%) of 145 patients had aseptic meningitis and 29 (20%) had bacterial meningitis. Thirty-two (22%) of the patients had received antibiotic therapy before diagnosis, and 19 (13%) could not be classified. Six (21%) of the 29 patients with bacterial meningitis had H<i>influenzae</i>meningitis. Although aseptic disease was the most common type of meningitis, initial antibiotic therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis in school-aged children should include adequate coverage for<i>H influenzae</i>. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1162-1163)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for right hepatic bile duct obstruction: novel technical tips
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Tatsushi Sano, Saori Onda, Akira Imoto, Daisuke Masuda, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Masayuki Kitano, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Takuya Inoue, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is not normally indicated for an obstructed right intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD). The technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of a novel technique of EUS-BD for right IHBD obstruction were evaluated. A total of 11 patients underwent drainage using either a left or a right biliary access route. The causes of obstructive jaundice were cholangiocarcinoma (n = 6), pancreatic cancer (n = 3), gastric cancer (n = 1), and colon cancer (n = 1). After placement of an uncovered metal stent to bridge the obstruction, a hepaticogastrostomy was completed using a covered stent. Mean procedure time was 33.9 ± 10.0 minutes. Technical and functional success were achieved in all patients, and no adverse events occurred. This novel method appears to be safe and effective for right IHBD obstruction.
Computational studies of the development of functionally specialized neural modules
Authors: Robert A. Jacobs
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (1999)

Three hypotheses about the activity-dependent development of functionally specialized neural modules are discussed in this review. These hypotheses state that: (1) a combination of structure function correspondences plus the use of competition between neural modules leads to functional specializations; (2) parcellation is due to a combination of neural selectionism, the idea that learning results from a stabilization of some neural connections and the elimination of others, and a locality constraint, which states that connections between nearby neurons are more easily stabilized than those between distant neurons; and (3) a temporal and spatial modulation of plasticity can induce higher functional development in later-developing parts of the nervous system relative to earlier-developing parts. All three hypotheses have been implemented and evaluated in computational models. Limitations of current neuroscientific methodologies mean that computer simulation provides one of the only tools available for evaluating and refining our large-scale theories of the development of functionally specialized neural modules.
THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSONISM WITH UK 738: A CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: DAVID SUMNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

These results show that UK 738 has only a very slight effect on the symptoms of naturally occuring parkinsonism, and it is not as effective as benzhexol. When compared with a dummy in a double blind trial, benzhexol itself is not outstandingly effective. These results are very different from those obtained by May and his colleagues (3, 4) and although their cases were of phenothiazine induced parkinsonism, it is more likely that the discrepancy is due to their lack of control in the trial than to any difference in aetiology.
The Gene for a T Lymphocyte Triggering Factor from African Trypanosomes
Authors: Tushar Vaidya, Moiz Bakhiet, Kent L. Hill, Tomas Olsson, Krister Kristensson, John E. Donelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

An early and essential event in the protective immune response against most viruses and protozoa is the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In contrast, during infection with African trypanosomes, protozoan parasites that cause human sleeping sickness, the increased levels of IFN-γ do not correlate with a protective response. We showed previously that African trypanosomes express a protein called T lymphocyte triggering factor (TLTF), which triggers CD8+ T lymphocytes to proliferate and to secrete IFN-γ. Here, we isolate the gene for TLTF and demonstrate that the recombinant version of TLTF specifically induces CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells to secrete IFN-γ. Studies with TLTF fused to the green fluorescent protein show that TLTF is localized to small vesicles that are found primarily at or near the flagellar pocket, the site of secretion in trypanosomes. TLTF is likely to be only the first example of a class of proteins that we designate as trypanokines, i.e., factors secreted by trypanosomes that modulate the cytokine network of the host immune system for the benefit of the parasite.
How to Use an Article About Genetic Association
Authors: John Attia, John P. A. Ioannidis, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Mark McEvoy, Rodney J. Scott, Cosetta Minelli, John Thompson, Claire Infante-Rivard, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2009)

In the first article of this series, we reviewed the basic genetics concepts necessary to understand genetic association studies. In this second article, we enumerate the major issues in judging the validity of these studies, framed as critical appraisal questions. Was the disease phenotype properly defined and accurately recorded by someone blind to the genetic information? Have any potential differences between disease and nondisease groups, particularly ethnicity, been properly addressed? In genetic studies, one potential cause of spurious associations is differences between cases and controls in ethnicity, a situation termed population stratification. Was measurement of the genetic variants unbiased and accurate? Methods for determining DNA sequence variation are not perfect and may have some measurement error. Do the genotype proportions observe Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? This simple mathematic rule about the distribution of genetic groups may be one way to check for errors in reading DNA information. Have the investigators adjusted their inferences for multiple comparisons? Given the thousands of genetic markers tested in genome-wide association studies, the potential for false-positive and false-negative results is much higher than in traditional medical studies, and it is particularly important to look for replication of results.
Making Decisions: A Multidisciplinary Introduction.
Authors: P. H. Hill, H. A Bedau, R. A. Chechile, W. J. Crochetiere, B. L. Kellerman, D. Ounjian, S. G. Pauker, S. P. Pauker, J. Z. Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Decisionmaking is an activity that is at the heart of systems analysis. It is, of course, also pervasive in our everyday life. Making Decisions by Hill et al. focuses on the decisionmaking process from multiple points of view. Chapter authors include engineers, an economist, a philosopher, psychologists, a political scientist, and physicians, and examples of decisionmaking cenarios in each of these fields are provided. This book is an outgrowth of a rather unique team-taught course in decisionmaking at Tufts University, Medford, MA. On the whole, we find the book to be original, well-written, and quite successful in emphasizing some of the complexities involved in the decisionmaking process.
Limited exposure to ambient ultraviolet radiation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review
Authors: S.A. Rice, M. Carpenter, A. Fityan, L.M. Vearncombe, M. Ardern-Jones, A.A. Jackson, C. Cooper, J. Baird, E. Healy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Vitamin D can be synthesized following exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), ingested in the diet or provided through oral supplementation. The medical literature frequently states that humans obtain most of their vitamin D from sunshine and that UVR exposure is essential to maintain vitamin D levels. A systematic review was conducted to determine the requirement for UVR in maintaining adequate (> 50 nmol L−1) serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Studies reporting serum 25(OH)D during situations of negligible UVR exposure were sought. Forty‐one studies (from a search yielding 42 698 articles) with a total of 4211 healthy adults met the inclusion criteria, providing 56 datasets from different population groups. Over 50% of subjects had > 50 nmol L−1 25(OH)D in 10 of 19 datasets reporting winter levels in areas with limited UVR. In addition, > 50% of subjects had adequate 25(OH)D levels in four of 12 datasets from polar regions during periods of negligible UVR, one of nine datasets documenting clothing‐related minimal UVR and two of eight datasets detailing employment‐related minimal UVR. The data demonstrate that many adults maintain adequate serum vitamin D levels despite negligible UVR exposure for several months. However, we acknowledge that preceding UVR exposure leading to vitamin D storage and delayed release may account for this maintenance of adequate serum vitamin D levels. There remains a need for further research on whether UVR exposure is required for longer‐term maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels.
The Hematocrit in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1962)

MANY PATIENTS with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, or both, have been noted to have high hematocrits, particularly patients in the younger age groups. In fact, erythrocytosis occurred frequently enough in patients with myocardial infarction to warrant a systematic study of this problem. Material and Methods The material for this study was obtained from autopsy records of the Veterans Administration Hospital in New Orleans. One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected at random. Patients with associated diseases known to affect the hematocrit, i.e., carcinoma, uremia, pulmonary disease, and polycythemia vera, were excluded from this study. The hematocrit values obtained on the day of admission were recorded for each patient. Ninety-two of the 100 patients had more than one admission to the Veterans Administration Hospital. Hematocrit values were available for these patients for periods ranging from 11 years to 2 months before the last hospital admission. Since there was
Symptom relief and the placebo effect in the trial of an anti-peptic drug.
Authors: A J MacDonald, N R Peden, R Hayton, C N Mallinson, D Roberts, K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1981)

In order to determine some of the factors involved in the response of duodenal ulcers to placebo treatment, the following factors were studied prospectively during a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: demographic data; duration of illness and effect of treatment; expectation of success or failure of the new drug; presence of psychiatric problems; and suggestibility. Healing (measured by endoscopy) occurred in 37 patients, 17 of whom were receiving placebo; relief of symptoms occurred in 35 patients, 16 of whom were receiving placebo. There was no significant difference between drug and placebo. Healing was significantly associated with relief of symptoms but with no other variable. Relief of symptoms was more common in male patients and in those from higher social classes, as well as in patients who expected a complete cure and those without evidence of psychiatric problems. the natural history of the disease may be different in these patients. Unexpectedly, suggestibility was not associated with healing or relief of symptoms in the patients receiving placebo.