tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHASES OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DISEASE INDICATING ABORTION
Authors: W. W. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In meeting the just demand that the expectant mother be safeguarded from needless jeopardy to life and future health, the obstetrician and the internist have a common task. While the offices of the obstetrician are indispensable, those of the medical man, though less exigeant, may play no small part. In their mutual attempts to lessen maternal mortality and morbidity during gestation, labor or the postpartum follow-up period, no procedure is so often debated as abortion— the termination of pregnancy before viability of the fetus has been attained. Among the conditions in which this question arises, none are more frequent and few require more discriminative judgment than those involving cardiovascular-renal conditions. Although modified by pregnancy, these are primarily medical and not surgical disorders. As studies advance the internist often recognizes in eclampsia, in the nephroses and nephritides of pregnancy and in the milder types of so-called toxemias old friends in disguise.
The Modern Clinical Laboratory
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE HUGE variety and volume of available laboratory tests confronts the physician with a major dilemma. What tests should he order on what patients? When, how, how often, at what cost, grouped or individually, and in what sequence? What is the interpretation of the results and what steps then should be taken? The frequency with which a laboratory test may be ordered varies from none to constant monitoring of all variables. What should be done? What constitutes good laboratory medicine? Should the physician order one of each available laboratory test on each patient once a lifetime, once a year, once an hour, or never? Many forces influence these decisions. Among them are availability of laboratory service, policies of technical instrument and reagent manufacturers, and economic considerations, such as cost, and who makes the profit or takes the loss, in addition to what the physician knows about the medical need for
Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in treatment and prevention of influenza A and B: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Authors: N. J Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To review the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir and zanamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza A and B. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Published studies were retrieved from electronic bibliographic databases; supplementary data were obtained from the manufacturers. <b>Selection of studies</b> Randomised controlled, double blind trials that were published in English, had data available before 31 December 2001, evaluated treatment or prevention of naturally occurring influenza with zanamivir or oseltamivir (if given using the formulation and dosage licensed for clinical use), and reported at least one end point of relevance. <b>Review methods</b> The main outcome measures were the median time to the alleviation of symptoms (for treatment trials) and number of flu episodes avoided (for prevention trials). Three population groups were defined: children aged 12 years and under; otherwise healthy individuals aged 12 to 65 years; and "high risk" individuals (those with certain chronic medical conditions or aged 65 years and older). <b>Results</b> Seventeen treatment trials and seven prevention trials identified met the inclusion criteria. All trials included compared one of the drugs against placebo or standard care. Treatment of children, otherwise healthy individuals, and high risk populations with zanamivir reduced the median duration of symptoms in days respectively by 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.5), 0.8 (0.3 to 1.3), and 0.9 (−0.1 to 1.9) for the intention to treat population. The corresponding results, in days, for oseltamivir were 0.9 (0.3 to 1.5), 0.9 (0.3 to 1.4), and 0.4 (−0.7 to 1.4). The effect of giving zanamivir and oseltamivir prophylactically resulted in a relative reduction of 70-90% in the odds of developing flu, depending on the strategy adopted and the population studied. <b>Conclusions</b> Evidence from randomised controlled trials consistently supports the view that both oseltamivir and zanamivir are clinically effective for treating and preventing flu. However, evidence is limited for the treatment of certain populations and for all prevention strategies.
Cytomegalovirus immediate early genes prevent the inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on interleukin 2 gene transcription.
Authors: L J Geist, M M Monick, M F Stinski, G W Hunninghake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The use of cyclosporin A (CsA) as an immunosuppressive agent has markedly improved the clinical outcome in solid organ transplantation. However, posttransplantation infection remains a significant problem and may contribute to subsequent organ rejection. In this study the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early (IE) gene products on interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene transcription in the absence and presence of CsA was investigated using a transient transfection system. Jurkat T cells were transfected with plasmids expressing the CMV IE gene products or with a control plasmid. The presence of the CMV IE2 gene product abolished the inhibitory effect of CsA on IL-2 promoter activation and gene transcription. This effect was noted regardless of the time of CsA addition relative to the time of stimulation and was independent of CsA concentration. CsA had no effect on the CMV or the IL-2 receptor promoters. These studies suggest that the CMV IE gene products may play a role in graft rejection after solid organ transplantation.
Thrombin induces the expression of oncostatin M via AP-1 activation in human macrophages: a link between coagulation and inflammation
Authors: Stefan P. Kastl, Walter S. Speidl, Katharina M. Katsaros, Christoph Kaun, Gersina Rega, Afshin Assadian, Georg W. Hagmueller, Martina Hoeth, Rainer de Martin, Yongsheng Ma, Gerald Maurer, Kurt Huber, Johann Wojta
Journal: Blood (2009)
CLINICAL NOTES ON SOME CAUSES OF PERITONITIS OCCURRING DURING THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: A. Cuff
Journal: BMJ (1908)

ttention to the general hygiene as to the question of feeding, and he may at the same time prescribe cod-liver oil and a haematinic, of either of which, however, it is doubtful if much. is absorbed.Every one has had the ex- perience of seeing marked improvement take place in two or threeweeks.-Itmy' not-be possible for these poor people completely' to revolutionize the hygienic conditions of their' homes, but -it .iscertainly-pssibl' 1w-take thee child out-.more often into the open air, to give him a daily bath, and to practise a -little massage and passive movement of the limbs.Much more easy is it, to my mind, materially to alter the hygiene of the child than the'manner of feeding, even to a slight extent.Will a child who has been accus- tomed for many months to ".the run of the house," with all its attendant 'delicacies, allow much curtailment of its diet, and remain quiet on a simpler and healthier fare?Even should this revolution in feeding take place, will the intestinal mucosa return so speedily to its normal, and allow of perfect absorption?Again, there are cases in whclch it is, impossible to detect any fault in the manner of feeding, though the mother will frankly admit not taking the child out in case it might catch cold.Holt, though he holds that rickets is due to incorrect feeding, admits that he c'annot find any error in the dieting of the negro and Italian'children in New York.In 'the majority of cases'a child develops rickets before it has learned to walk, that is, when it is still dependent on its mother and nurse for its exercise.There are many cases, however, in which the child has commenced to walk only to go off its feet later and become markedly rachitic.Perhaps in most of these instances -the condition is secondary to some illness, as, for example, measles with bronchitis; and,.in-order to avoida recurrence of the complication, the child has been kept indoors, and guarded against the slightest draught of fresh air.But there are other cases in which there is.no such history of an inter- current illness, but owing to the mother being pregnant, or ill' from some other cause, the child has not been taken
Simple Endoscopic Treatment of a Granular-Cell Tumor of the Esophagus
Authors: M. R. Maccarini, G. Michieletti, I. Tampieri, O. Triossi, E. Bertinelli, T. Casetti
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

See also: Simultaneous Endoscopic and Radiological Examination of the ColonEndoscopy 1997; 29(04): 330-330DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004203
Chloride secretory response of cystic fibrosis human airway epithelia. Preservation of calcium but not protein kinase C- and A-dependent mechanisms.
Authors: R C Boucher, E H Cheng, A M Paradiso, M J Stutts, M R Knowles, H S Earp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Because the defect in Cl- secretion exhibited by cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelia reflects regulatory rather than conductive abnormalities of an apical membrane Cl- channel, we investigated the role of different regulatory pathways in the activation of Cl- secretion in freshly excised normal and CF nasal epithelia mounted in Ussing chambers. A beta agonist (isoproterenol [ISO]), a Ca2+ ionophore (A23187), and a phorbol ester (PMA) were all effective Cl- secretagogues in normal human nasal epithelia. Agonist addition studies indicated that ISO and PMA but not A23187 may share a common regulatory pathway. In contrast, only A23187 induced Cl- secretion in CF epithelia. Bradykinin raised cytosolic Ca2+ and induced Cl- secretion in both normal and CF tissues, indicating that receptor gated Ca2+ dependent Cl- secretory mechanisms were preserved in CF. The defective Cl- secretory response in CF epithelia to ISO and PMA did not reflect abnormalities in cAMP-dependent (A) and phospholipid Ca2+-dependent (C) kinase activities. We conclude that (a) a Ca2+-sensitive mechanism for regulating Cl- secretion is maintained in CF airway epithelia, and (b) a regulatory pathway shared by two distinct protein kinases is defective in CF, indicating that the CF genetic lesion is not tightly coupled to a single (e.g., cAMP dependent) regulatory mechanism.
Isolation and enrichment of two sublobular compartment-specific endothelial cell subpopulations from liver sinusoids
Authors: Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Marian Rocha, Aintzane Asumendi, Emilio Barberá-Guillem
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Similar to the well-recognized phenotypical heterogeneity of hepatocytes, in situ sublobular variations have recently been detected in the cell structure, fenestration patterns, filtrating efficiency, surface glycosylation, scavenger function and pathological responses of the sinusoidal lining endothelium. However, unlike other liver cell populations, until now no endothelial cell subpopulations had been isolated or defined with clarity, much less with sublobular/acinar zone-related differential properties. On the basis of our previous studies showing that periportal segments of mouse liver sinusoids express a significantly higher number of wheat germ agglutinin-binding sites than do perivenous ones, we used this differential feature for in vitro labeling of the specific sublobular derivation of isolated sinusoidal lining endothelial cells to correlate their original lobular position with other features determined on flow cytometry, centrifugal elutriation, discontinuous arabinogalactan density gradients and electron microscopy. Our results revealed additional heterogeneous properties whose association with high or low wheat germ agglutinin-binding capacity made it possible to define in vitro two dominant endothelial cell subpopulations that appear similar to the differential features in the periportal and perivenous sinusoidal segments. Type 1 endothelial cells had low forward angle light scatter and high integrated side scatter, low cytoplasmic porosity index (12% +/- 5%) and high wheat germ agglutinin-binding efficiency (160 +/- 35 fluorescence intensity units/cell size); these findings are similar to what was observed in situ in the periportal sinusoidal endothelium. On the other hand, type 2 endothelial cells, with high forward angle light scatter and low integrated side scatter, had a high cytoplasmic porosity index (25% +/- 8%) and low wheat germ agglutinin-binding efficiency (60 +/- 15 fluorescence intensity units/cell size), findings similar to in situ observations of the perivenous sinusoidal lining endothelium. Moreover, these physical and morphological differences entail different cell sedimentation behaviors: type 1 endothelial cell sedimented at high centrifugal elutriation counterflow rates (23 to 37 ml/min) and high arabinogalactan density gradient levels (10% to 15%), whereas type 2 endothelial cell sedimented at low counterflow rates (18 to 23 ml/min) and low density levels (6% to 10%). The combination of these separation procedures made it possible to isolate a 90%-enriched type 1 endothelial cell population in the 12% to 15% interphase of the 23 and 37 ml/min elutriation flow rates and a 75%-enriched type 2 endothelial cell population in the 6% to 10% interphase of the 18 and 23 ml/min flow rates.
Subtotal hepatectomy for primary hepatic carcinoma.
Authors: G. E. Moloney
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The following case of a young woman who underwent an extensive resection of liver for a central hepatoma and remains well after four years is of interest. Case ReportThe patient, a married woman aged 18, was delivered of a normal child on 24 February 1962.In the following month she had an upper abdominal right-sided dull ache for a week.Four months later she was admitted to the Radcliffe Infirmary, under Dr. P. Mallam, with headaches, enlarged glands in the neck, diarrhoea, generalized and right upper quadrant pain, and then jaundice, which on detailed investigation appeared to be obstructive, with a serum bilirubin of 8 mg./100 ml.A mild fever settled in five days, the pain and the jaundice in nearly a month.Two cholecystograms
Thyroid hormone, brain development, and the environment.
Authors: Thomas R Zoeller, Amy L S Dowling, Carolyn T A Herzig, Eric A Iannacone, Kelly J Gauger, Ruby Bansal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Thyroid hormone is essential for normal brain development. Therefore, it is a genuine concern that thyroid function can be altered by a very large number of chemicals routinely found in the environment and in samples of human and wildlife tissues. These chemicals range from natural to manufactured compounds. They can produce thyroid dysfunction when they are absent from the diet, as in the case of iodine, or when they are present in the diet, as in the case of thionamides. Recent clinical evidence strongly suggests that brain development is much more sensitive to thyroid hormone excess or deficit than previously believed. In addition, recent experimental research provides new insight into the developmental processes affected by thyroid hormone. Based on the authors' research focusing on the ability of polychlorinated biphenyls to alter the expression of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in the developing brain, this review provides background information supporting a new way of approaching risk analysis of thyroid disruptors.
STROKE PREVENTION IN NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: LONG-TERM RESULTS AFTER 6 YEARS OF THE WATCHMAN LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION PILOT STUDY
Authors: Peter B. Sick, Zoltan G. Turi, Eberhard Grube, Gerhard Schuler, Karl E. Hauptmann, Gregory Mishkel, Steven Yakubov, Steven Almany, David Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
An atlas-based geometry pipeline for cardiac Hermite model construction and diffusion tensor reorientation
Authors: Yongjie Zhang, Xinghua Liang, Jun Ma, Yiming Jing, Matthew J. Gonzales, Christopher Villongco, Adarsh Krishnamurthy, Lawrence R. Frank, Vishal Nigam, Paul Stark, Sanjiv M. Narayan, Andrew D. McCulloch
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2012)
Myeloid Leukemia in Hodgkin's Disease: Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: EDIZ Z. EZDINLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Three cases of myeloid leukemia (acute myeloblastic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, erythroleukemia) were observed among a population of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed abnormalities in each case similar to those usually described in the respective types of leukemia. There were no chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells from 28 patients with Hodgkin's disease without leukemia. These findings indicate that the two disorders were separate entities. Other than Hodgkin's disease, radiation therapy was the only common factor in these patients. Five additional patients with coexistent Hodgkin's disease and myeloid leukemia were reported in the literature; all but one of these also had previous irradiation. The median latent period between first irradiation and appearance of myeloid leukemia in the combined series was 7 years. These cases probably represent radiation-induced leukemia. That such cases have occurred predominantly in recent years is consistent with the recent use of higher doses of radiation and with the longer survival of these patients. However, the relatively small risk of radiation-induced leukemia is a reasonable price to pay for improvement in the control of Hodgkin's disease by modern irradiation techniques.
Greater Improvement in Summer Than With Light Treatment in Winter in Patients With Seasonal Affective Disorder
Authors: Teodor T. Postolache, Todd A. Hardin, Frances S. Myers, Erick H. Turner, Ludy Y. Yi, Ronald L. Barnett, Jeffery R. Matthews, Norman E. Rosenthal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective:The authors sought to compare the degree of mood improvement after light treatment with mood improvement in the subsequent summer in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Method:By using the Seasonal Affective Disorder Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the authors rated 15 patients with seasonal affective disorder on three occasions: during winter when the patients were depressed, during winter following 2 weeks of light therapy, and during the following summer. They compared the three conditions by using Friedman’s analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results:The patients’ scores on the depression scale were significantly higher after 2 weeks of light therapy in winter than during the following summer. Conclusions:Light treatment for 2 weeks in winter is only partially effective when compared to summer. Further studies will be necessary to assess if summer’s light or other factors are the main contributors to this difference. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1614-1616
Changes in Norepinephrine Turnover in Rat Brain During Chronic Administration of Imipramine and Protriptyline: A Possible Explanation for the Delay in Onset of Clinical Antidepressant Effects
Authors: JOSEPH J. SCHILDKRAUT, ANDREW WINOKUR, PAUL. R. DRASKÓCZY, JANET H. HENSLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

In this study the authors compare the effects of acute and chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and protriptyline on the turnover and matabolism of norepinephrine in rat brain. The turnover of norepinephrine was decreased after acute administration but increased during chronic administration of these drugs. This increase in norepinephrine turnover occurred sooner when thyroxine was administered with the imipramine. This may help to explain why clinical antidepressant effects are generally observed only after chronic administration of imipramine or protriptyline and why thyroid hormone may accelerate and enhance the clinical antidepressant effects of imipramine.
Immunological Aspects of Neoplasia: A Rational Basis for Immunotherapy
Authors: DONALD L. MORTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

During the past decade it has become increasingly apparent that cancer cells have acquired, during neoplastic transformation, new antigens not found in normal cells and that the host's immune response against these antigens is important in controlling the development and progression of malignancy. In immunologic and immunotherapeutic studies with human melanomas and sarcomas a remarkable correlation between the patient's immune response to his tumor and the extent and progression of malignant disease was found. Rising titers of antitumor antibody were consistently observed after surgical removal of the tumor mass in patients with sarcomas, whereas all patients with recurrent disease were found to have a progressive decline in their titers of antitumor antibody with advancing disease. Immunotherapy studies in guinea pigs and man have shown that active immunization with BCG vaccine and autologous tumor cells induced a heightened immune response against the tumor-associated antigens that was sometimes therapeutic.
Encephalocele Masquerading as Nasal Polyp
Authors: Robert E. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1962)

NASAL TUMORS occasionally contain extracranial cerebral tissue. This neural tissue is usually fibrogliomatous, although several authors have observed neurons as a component. These lesions almost always occur on the bridge of the nose, as a subcutaneous mass, but occasionally they present inside the nose and, in rare instances, in both sites simultaneously. Such masses of neural tissue have been variously interrireted as neoplasms, cctopias, or more commonly encephaloceles. When this tumor presents in the nose, it may be diagnosed as a nasal polyp, and a surgical attack may lead to meningitis. Two cases of encephalocele diagnosed and treated as nasal polyps illustrate the complications which may arise and emphasize the need for awareness and proper diagnosis of this entity. Report of Cases Case1.<i>Clinical History</i>—A 45-year-old Negro man had a 6-month history of constant dripping of clear fluid from the left nostril. Previously he had been told at another