tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Activity of Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase: A Sensitive Marker of Alcoholism With or Without Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Bertrand Nalpas, Anne Vassault, Alain Le Guillou, Bruno Lesgourgues, Nicolas Ferry, Bernard Lacour, Pierre Berthelot
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Serum activity of the mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) was measured with an immunological method in 74 subjects. Fourty-six were chronic alcoholics with (30) or without (16) obvious alcoholic liver disease; 28 were nonalcoholic controls among whom 14 had acute or chronic viral hepatitis, the remaining 14 being healthy individuals. Mean mAST activity was much higher in all the alcoholic subjects, with or without liver disease, 10.4 and 1.95 units per liter, respectively, than in the healthy controls (0.43, p less than 0.001). The mean mAST to total AST ratio was similar in the healthy controls and in the patients with viral hepatitis (2.98 and 3.19%, NS), whereas it was about 4 times higher in the alcoholics with a sensitivity which reached 93% in the patients with alcoholic liver disease and 100% in those without. Both gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamate dehydrogenase serum activities were far less sensitive and specific. As almost all chronic alcoholics had similar abnormal values of mAST/total AST ratio, this leads to question whether "normal" liver may really exist in any of such subjects.
Adenovirus encoding vascular endothelial growth factor–D induces tissue-specific vascular patterns in vivo
Authors: Tatiana V. Byzova, Corey K. Goldman, Jurek Jankau, Juhua Chen, Gustavo Cabrera, Marc G. Achen, Steven A. Stacker, Kevin A. Carnevale, Maria Siemionow, Steven R. Deitcher, Paul E. DiCorleto
Journal: Blood (2002)
Shifting Place of Death Among Children With Complex Chronic Conditions in the United States, 1989-2003
Authors: Chris Feudtner, James A. Feinstein, Marlon Satchell, Huaqing Zhao, Tammy I. Kang
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The place where children with complex chronic conditions are dying may be shifting toward residential homes due to the evolving epidemiology of life-threatening childhood conditions, advances in home-based medical technology, and changes in attitudes about pediatric palliative care and hospice services.To determine whether pediatric deaths attributed to complex chronic conditions are increasingly occurring in the home and to assess race and ethnicity disparities in the location of death.Retrospective national-level case series drawn from the National Center for Health Statistics' Multiple Cause of Death Files spanning 1989-2003. Participants included all deceased individuals aged 19 years or younger with a complex chronic condition excluding injury and noncomplex chronic conditions (as classified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision).Place where death occurred.Among the 22.1% of deaths (198 160 of 896 509 total deaths) attributed to a complex chronic condition between 1989 and 2003, the percentage of individuals dying at home increased significantly (P<.001) over time for infants (aged <1 year) (4.9% in 1989 and 7.3% in 2003); 1- to 9-year-olds (17.9% and 30.7%); and for 10- to 19-year-olds (18.4% and 32.2%). Adjusting for decedent characteristics, the odds of dying at home increased significantly each year (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.04) and were reduced among both black and Hispanic decedents (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.52 and odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.54, respectively) compared with white decedents.Children who die with underlying complex chronic conditions increasingly are dying at home. Racial and ethnic disparities regarding place of death may represent important limitations and opportunities for improvement in the current systems of pediatric chronic and palliative care.
Mycoplasmas in Urethritis
Authors: Michael F. Rein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent editorial by Dr. Hussey (227:194, 1974) suggesting that T-strain mycoplasmas are of probable pathogenic significance in nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) should be viewed in the perspective of other potential etiologies. McCormack et al (<i>N Engl J Med</i>288:78, 1973) found that studies supporting a relationship between mycoplasmas and urethritis were essentially equal in number to those in which no connection could be found. None of these studies adequately controlled for the sexual activity of the subjects; the frequency of colonization with genital mycoplasmas correlates with the level of sexual activity and promiscuity.<sup>1,2</sup>Investigations which do not control for this factor may mistakenly suggest an etiologic relationship for the organisms when, in fact, they are merely showing that both nongonococcal urethritis and colonization with T-strain mycoplasmas are more common among the promiscuous. This criticism applies directly to the study by McChesney et al (226:37, 1973) cited by
MRI features of pleural endometriosis after catamenial haemothorax
Authors: G. Picozzi, D. Beccani, F. Innocenti, M. Grazzini, M. Mascalchi
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Routine neonatal circumcision—the non-therapeutic circumcision of infant males—has generated considerable ethical controversy. In this article, I suggest that much of the disagreement results from conflicting ideas about the autonomy of the child. I examine two questions about autonomy. First, I ask whether we should be realists or idealists about the future autonomous choices of the child—that is, whether we should account for the fact that the child may not make the best choices in future, or whether we should assume that his future choices will reflect his best interests. Second, I ask whether the child has a right to autonomy with respect to circumcision, an interest in autonomy or neither—that is, whether respect for autonomy overrides considerations of interests, whether it counts as one interest among many or whether it counts for nothing. In response to the first question, I argue that we should be idealists when evaluating the child9s own interests, but realists when evaluating public health justifications for circumcision. In response to the second question, I argue that the child has an interest in deciding whether or not to be circumcised, insofar as the decision is more likely to reflect his actual interests and his own values. Finally, I show how these findings may help to resolve some particular disputes over the ethics of infant male circumcision.
Partners can help each other make positive health behaviour changes, study says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Both men and women are more likely to make a positive health change, such as stopping smoking or taking up exercise, if their partner does too, research published in JAMA Internal Medicine has shown.

Analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large population based cohort of 3722 married or cohabiting couples over the age of 50, showed that people whose partners changed their behaviour to …
Commission calls for evidence from people with genetic disorders
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2001)

People affected by a genetic disorder will be given a chance to influence policy on genetics, a government watchdog said last week.

As it launched its first annual report, the Human Genetics Commission also announced plans to set up a consultative panel of around 100 people affected by a genetic disorder.

The panel, which will include patients, relatives, and carers, will act as a sounding board for the commission's reports and recommendations and will give the commission an insight into the concerns of people with a genetic disorder.

Baroness Helena Kennedy QC, …
Repeated radiofrequency ablation for management of patients with cirrhosis with small hepatocellular carcinomas: A long-term cohort study
Authors: Sandro Rossi, Valentina Ravetta, Laura Rosa, Giorgia Ghittoni, Francesca Torello Viera, Francesco Garbagnati, Enrico Maria Silini, Paolo Dionigi, Fabrizio Calliada, Pietro Quaretti, Carmine Tinelli
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In most patients with cirrhosis, successful percutaneous ablation or surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is followed by recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has proven effective for treating HCC nodules, but its repeatability in managing recurrences and the impact of this approach on survival has not been evaluated. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed a prospective series of 706 patients with cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class ≤B7) who underwent RFA for 859 HCC ≤35 mm in diameter (1-2 per patient). The results of RFA were classified as complete responses (CRs) or treatment failures. CRs were obtained in 849 nodules (98.8%) and 696 patients (98.5%). During follow-up (median, 29 months), 465 (66.8%) of the 696 patients with CRs experienced a first recurrence at an incidence rate of 41 per 100 person-years (local recurrence 6.2; nonlocal 35). Cumulative incidences of first recurrence at 3 and 5 years were 70.8% and 81.7%, respectively. RFA was repeated in 323 (69.4%) of the 465 patients with first recurrence, restoring disease-free status in 318 (98.4%) cases. Subsequently, RFA was repeated in 147 (65.9%) of the 223 patients who developed a second recurrence after CR of the first, restoring disease-free status in 145 (98.6%) cases. Overall, there were 877 episodes of recurrence (1-8 per patient); 577 (65.8%) of these underwent RFA that achieved CRs in 557 (96.5%) cases. No procedure-related deaths occurred in 1,921 RFA sessions. Estimated 3- and 5-year overall and disease-free (after repeated RFAs) survival rates were 67.0% and 40.1% and 68.0 and 38.0%, respectively. Conclusion: RFA is safe and effective for managing HCC in patients with cirrhosis, and its high repeatability makes it particularly valuable for controlling intrahepatic recurrences. (Hepatology 2011)
Refined localization of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria gene to a 9.4-cM region at 1q21-22 and a literature review of 136 cases reported in China
Authors: P.P. He, C.D. He, Y. Cui, S. Yang, H.H. Xu, M. Li, W.T. Yuan, M. Gao, Y.H. Liang, C.R. Li, S.J. Xu, J.J. Chen, H.D. Chen, W. Huang, X.J. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is an autosomal dominant pigmentary genodermatosis characterized by hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the extremities, which has recently been mapped to an 11·6-cM interval on chromosome 1q11–21. So far, most cases of DSH have been reported in Japan and dermatologists around the world might think this disorder mainly occurs in Japan. In fact, there are 17 DSH families including 136 cases reported in China since 1980, but most of them are described in Chinese. Objectives To refine the previously mapped region that facilitates the identification of the DSH gene and to delineate the clinical and genetic features of Chinese DSH cases by a literature review of 136 cases reported in China. Methods We performed genotyping and linkage analysis using polymorphic microsatellite markers at 1q11–22 in two Chinese DSH families, and reviewed all of the DSH cases reported in China since 1980. Results A cumulative maximum two-point lod score of 3·68 was produced with marker D1S506 at a recombination frequency of θ = 0·00 in these two families. Haplotype analysis refined the DSH locus to a 9·4-cM interval flanked by D1S2343 and D1S2635. The genetic and clinical features of Chinese cases with DSH were summarized. In some Chinese cases, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules were scattered on the neck and chest, but among Japanese patients there were no similar skin lesions to be reported on these sites. Conclusions This study confirms linkage of DSH to a previously mapped region and refines the DSH gene to a 9·4-cM interval at 1q21–22. Likewise, the literature review indicates that DSH is not an uncommon disorder in China and the differences in the distribution of skin lesions could be related to race and environment.
TRAUMA AS A CAUSE OF NERVOUS DISEASES.
Authors: CHARLES W. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The subject assigned to me is so large that it is imposible to give it exhaustive study in the time at our disposal. I shall speak briefly about a number of different affections, shall quote no authorities, and shall try to confine myself to matters which will lend interest to the discussion. I shall speak solely of the causative influence of trauma and of the various ways in which it acts, and shall say little or nothing concerning symptomatology. Finally, I shall omit all consideration of the diseases which result from manifest physical injury to the bony coverings of the brain and cord, such as fractures and dislocations, and shall say nothing of such well-known conditions as cerebral concussion, meningeal hemorrhage and traumatic epilepsy, and shall consider only the organic and functional diseases unaccompanied by serious external injury. To prove the traumatic origin of a disease may be easy or
Autologous bone marrrow transplantation versus chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory non‐hodgkin's lymphoma: Estimates of long‐term survival from the recent literatur
Authors: Kenneth R. Meehan, Robert S. Pritchard, Joshua W. Leichter, Benjamin Littenberg, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Long‐term survival following chemotherapy or autologous bone marrow transplantation in adults with relapsed/refractory non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was evaluated. English language articles published from January 1, 1988 to September 1, 1993 were obtained from a broad‐based MEDLINE search retrieving 3,854 citations regarding therapy for lymphomas. Citations were evaluated using both computer‐based evaluation and manual review. Articles were included if they addressed the disease of interest (non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Working Formulation D‐H), the population of interest (adults with either relapsed or refractory disease), and the therapies of interest (chemotherapy or autologous bone marrow transplantation). Articles were excluded if they did not provide convincing information on long‐term survival (as evidenced by either survival analysis or individual patient data) or if they reported a small number of patients (N &lt; 15). No randomized trials of the two therapies were found. Nine case series were found reporting on 444 eligible patients receiving chemotherapy; eight were found reporting on 256 patients undergoing autologous marrow transplantation. After weighting by sample size, the mean 3‐year survival rate was 25% (95% Cl, 20–30%) following chemotherapy and 40% (95% Cl, 33–47%) following marrow transplantation. The reporting of potentially relevant prognostic factors was inconsistent among articles. Despite our comprehensive synthesis and evaluation of currently available data, the survival advantage of marrow transplantation in relapsed/refractory non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that we report must be viewed as tentative, given the limitations of the case series data. In addition, establishing the comparability of patients treated with these therapies is made more difficult by the inconsistent reporting of potentially relevant prognostic factors. The results of an international randomized trial of these two therapies is forthcoming and may address some of these shortcomings.
Reduction of HBV replication prolongs the early immunological response to IFNα therapy
Authors: Anthony T. Tan, Long Truong Hoang, Daniel Chin, Erik Rasmussen, Uri Lopatin, Stefan Hart, Hans Bitter, Tom Chu, Lore Gruenbaum, Palani Ravindran, Hua Zhong, Ed Gane, Seng Gee Lim, Wan Cheng Chow, Pei-Jer Chen, Rosemary Petric, Antonio Bertoletti, Martin Lloyd Hibberd
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Prednisone vs Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It may be that 40 to 60 mg of triamcinolone acetonide once a month is not as effective in treating arthritis or asthma as it is in steroidresponsive dermatoses. If so, Klinefelter and associates (241:2721, 1979) have performed a useful service in promoting the single morning or evening dose of prednisone by showing that either one, up to a daily dose of 15 mg, spares the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis just about as well as alternate-day therapy does. However, their implication that this is the only harmful effect of taking 450 mg of prednisone a month seems questionably optimistic; it is likely that many patients will ultimately show development of osteoporosis or cataracts, or both, at this dose level, which is seven to ten times as high as that required if intramuscular triamcinolone is used. Moreover, one should consider the probability that a great many patients, supplied with prednisone
Cellular immunity to cartilage aggrecan core protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non-arthritic controls.
Authors: N J Goodstone, M C Doran, R N Hobbs, R C Butler, J J Dixey, B A Ashton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE--To identify antigen(s) among purified deglycosylated aggrecan peptides spanning the chondroitin sulphate domain that may be responsible for the initiation or perpetuation of the autoimmune responses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--Aggrecan was purified from human articular cartilage and deglycosylated with either bacterial glycosidases or trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (TFMS). Twelve overlapping peptides (15 residues) spanning the chondroitin sulphate domain with N-terminal residues offset by three amino acids were synthesised. T cell responses to these antigens in RA patients and age matched controls were assessed in vitro by antigen specific T cell proliferation assays. RESULTS--Enzymically deglycosylated aggrecan (EDA) stimulated proliferation of T cells isolated from the peripheral blood in a greater proportion of patients with RA than controls. In a subset (12.5%) of RA patients, the magnitude of stimulation lay outside the control range. T cell proliferative responses to TFMS treated aggrecan were greater than, but well correlated with, responses to EDA. T cells from 15 patients were also stimulated with the pooled synthetic peptides. Four of seven patients who demonstrated T cell reactivity to EDA (seven of 15) also showed enhanced T cell proliferation to synthetic peptides. CONCLUSION--These data suggest that an autoantigenic T cell epitope may lie within the chondroitin sulphate domain of aggrecan.
Bilateral Trephine Bone Marrow Biopsies in Lymphoma and Other Neoplastic Diseases
Authors: RICHARD D. BRUNNING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

We have evaluated the usefulness of bilateral rather than unilateral posterior iliac spine trephine biopsies in searching for lymphoma and other neoplastic diseases in the bone marrow. Two hundred and eighty-two patients with these diseases were studied. Tumor was found on only one side in 22% of patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, in 43% of patients with Hodgkin's disease, and in 36% of patients with other neoplastic processes. Thus, the second biopsy yields an additional 11% to 22% of positive biopsies. We conclude that bilateral trephine bone marrow biopsies should be routinely performed when searching for tumor in the bone marrow.
Mikulicz Disease and Subsequent Lupus Erythematosus Development
Authors: Robert W. Romero
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In a 12-year-old boy with clinical and histologic features of Mikulicz disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed two years later. Atrophic plaques and nodules in the skin along with substantial increase in salivary gland enlargement characterized the onset of SLE. There was lack of renal and joint manifestations, and no evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or xerostomia was seen. Histopathologic changes in the skin lesions included mucinous infiltrates, chronic vasculitis, and dermal-epidermal junction findings typical of SLE. Direct immunofluorescene studies of skin lesions and normal-appearing skin showed granular deposition of immunoglobulins and complement at the dermal-epidermal junction zone. Level of anti-DNA antibodies was noticeably elevated, and the serum C3 value was depressed. The patient's response to systemic corticosteroid therapy was dramatic.
Pathology: Understanding Human Disease
Authors: David Lagunoff
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is the second edition of a book the authors intend to be an introduction to pathology rather than a full textbook. Dr Golden and his associates claim the volume is a response to a system of medical education that forces "too much detailed information into our students at a time when they are ill prepared to accept or digest it." They disclaim completeness and admit avoiding debate or controversy. They do touch on the full range of topics found in most current pathology courses, including all the major organ systems, in a bit over 550 pages. Admittedly some of the coverage is skimpy; diseases of skin, for instance, are considered in about four pages of text. Superficiality is obviously unavoidable. The critical question raised by such a well-meaning and carefully crafted book must be, is it possible to communicate a teacher's enthusiasm in such a format? I am too
Immunotherapy for Insulin-Dependent Diabetics?
Authors: Aldo A. Rossini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus (also known as insulin-dependent or Type I diabetes) accounts for approximately 15 per cent of all human diabetes. It has been recognized since antiquity. However, as Cahill and McDevitt recently observed in the Journal, the cause of the disease remains unknown.1 Despite this uncertainty, some clinical investigators are now attempting to treat acute insulin-requiring diabetes with immunosuppression. It seems appropriate to ask whether such treatments are warranted, given our current knowledge of the disorder and of the risks of immunotherapy.Three key factors in the pathogenesis of the disease have been identified: heredity, environment, and autoimmunity. . . .
Peptide Antigen Treatment of Naive and Virus-Immune Mice: Antigen-Specific Tolerance Versus Immunopathology
Authors: Peter Aichele, Karin Brduscha-Riem, Stephan Oehen, Bernhard Odermatt, Rolf M Zinkernagel, Hans Hengartner, Hanspeter Pircher
Journal: Immunity (1997)
The Cause of Death
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The first manuscript in which I shared the work 40 years ago bore the same title as this editorial. At that time Yater and I<sup>1</sup>concluded that The death certificate is an important document. The inaccuracy of many death certificates detracts greatly from their value. Clinical determination of the causes of death is often difficult, the general percentage of correct diagnoses being probably less than 50%. When two diseases coexist, it may be difficult at times to decide which is the principal cause of death and which the contributory. The exact mechanism of death in many diseases is not fully known. Intravascular infection, pneumonia, and tuberculosis are the main contributory or terminal states as shown by a study of 220 necropsies. Now, 40 years later, all the foregoing statements (with the exception of the one about tuberculosis) probably cannot be challenged. Consider especially the inaccuracy of death certificates. From time