tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Risk Score for Mortality after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tanyalak Parimon, David H. Au, Paul J. Martin, Jason W. Chien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Despite recent advances, mortality rates after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remain high and cannot be accurately predicted. Objective: To develop a reliable and valid predictor of all-cause mortality during the first 2 years after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Tertiary hematopoietic cell transplantation center. Patients: Patients (n = 2802) who received a first hematopoietic cell transplant between 1990 and 2002 were assigned to a development group or a validation group. Measurements: Potential predictor variables were assessed with univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards methods to generate a prediction model. The c-statistic was calculated for 5 validation cohorts to assess model performance across early and late time periods and among patients with different diagnoses. Results: The authors constructed a 50-point Pretransplantation Assessment of Mortality (PAM) score that incorporated 8 pretransplantation clinical variables: patient age, donor type, disease risk, conditioning regimen, FEV1, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, serum creatinine level, and serum alanine aminotransferase concentration. The risk for death within 2 years for patients with PAM scores in the highest category was significantly higher than for those with scores in the lowest category. C-statistic values ranged from 0.69 to 0.76 for all validation cohorts. Limitations: The predictor model was not validated in an external cohort and is only useful for predicting the risk for death within the first 2 years after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Conclusions: Integrating pretransplantation clinical variables into a single score reliably predicts survival within 2 years after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Accurate estimates of the risk for death may be useful in clinical trials and in epidemiologic studies. Such information can also be used to help physicians counsel patients regarding the expected outcomes of this potentially curative procedure.
Evaluation of a Combined Percutaneous-Endoscopic Procedure for the Treatment of Choledocholithiasis and Benign Papillary Stenosis
Authors: T. Ponchon, P.-J. Valette, R. Bory, P.-M. Bret, M. Bretagnolle, A. Chavaillon
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

In 19 patients suffering from choledocholithiasis or papillary stenosis, retrograde cholangiography or sphincterotomy failed because of anatomic abnormalities. In such cases, sphincterotomy was then performed with the assistance of a percutaneous catheter. Two complications were observed: moderate bleeding from the transhepatic drain, and a retroperitoneal perforation needing surgery. This combined procedure is very efficient, but gives rise to complications of both the transhepatic and endoscopic routes.
Science, pseudoscience, and anomaly
Authors: James E. Alcock
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

My criticisms of parapsychology are neither based on its subject matter per se, nor simply on a charge of sloppy research, but rather on the whole pattern of theory and research in this domain. The lack of a positive definition of psi, the use of ad hoc principles such as psi-missing and the experimenter psi effect to account for failures to confirm hypotheses, and the failure to produce a single phenomenon that can be replicated by neutral investigators are among the major problems that keep parapsychology outside regular science. Glicksohn and I agree that anomalous experiences should be investigated.
Decision-making process, outcome, and 1-year quality of life of octogenarians referred for intensive care unit admission
Authors: Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Jean-François Timsit, Luc Montuclard, Alain Colvez, Olivier Gattolliat, François Philippart, Guillaume Rigal, Benoit Misset, Jean Carlet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Principles of Mammalian Aging
Authors: Samuel Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

It is entirely appropriate that Prentice-Hall has included Dr. Kohn's book in their Series on Developmental Biology. Aging begins at the time of conception and only culminates with the overt decline we call senescence. Indeed, some may cavil that aging has already begun in the germ plasm prior to zygote formation, but in any case, the union of sperm and ovum triggers a fresh program: in man, threescore and ten, and in other species, a lifespan as distinct as gross body morphology. Finally, entropy, the inexorable tendency for all systems to reach maximum disorder, takes its toll. Indeed, the thermodynamic adage, "entropy is time's arrow," is remarkably apropos of the aging process. Implicit in books of this kind is the understanding that omissions will occur. Material will either escape the search of literature or be intentionally rejected to promote succinctness. Consequently, it is important to guide the reader to cogent
Corticosteroid Effect on Granulopoiesis in Mice after Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Robert A. Joyce, Paul A. Chervenick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Corticosteroids cause an enhanced return of granulopoiesis as measured by in vitro growth of granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. After methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, a greater than threefold increase in marrow CFU-C was measured on day 4 compared to mice given cyclophosphamide alone (29,700±200 vs. 8,400±700/humerus). The accelerated return of marrow CFU-C was observed with cyclophosphamide in doses of 200 and 450 mg/kg and methylprednisolone, 2-20 mg/kg, with no significant differences using >5 mg/kg, and was detected when dexamethasone was used in place of methylprednisolone. This effect was accompanied by similarly enhanced splenic granulopoiesis as measured by CFU-C concentration. Levels of colony stimulating activity did not differ in mice given methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide alone. Corticosteroids appear to enhance the return of CFU-C by altering the proliferative state of granulocytic progenitor cells. CFU-C survival to in vitro 3HTdR suicide increased from 72±4% on day 1 after cyclophosphamide to 90±6% in animals given both cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Increased survival after 3HTdR suicide was also observed when methylprednisolone alone was given. After treatment with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, blood neutrophils increased more rapidly and improved survival to infection with Candida albicans was observed. These studies demonstrate that corticosteroids have a beneficial effect on marrow regeneration after myelotoxic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and suggest that they act by altering cell cycle characteristics of granulocyte progenitor cells.
Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues
Authors: John M. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1995)

More an analysis of moral values and principles than a set of rules, these essays are both complimentary and critical of the health care industry. The 58 contributors represent a cross-section of American universities and related programs, and they consist of philosophers, attorneys, physicians, and health care officials. In almost every issue there are conflicting viewpoints, which the authors elucidate in a fair and balanced way without proposing preformed conclusions or easy relief for our conscience. The issues are so new and unprecedented, so complex and innovative, that they defy evaluation by our traditional value systems. Imagine for a moment that you are the patient and your doctor has been called upon to withdraw your technical life support. What would your wishes be? "There is a large segment of society that regards the exercise of such decisions by a physician as assisted suicide," writes Michael Rie. Rie continues, "Patients should
Columbus' Trip and Syphilis
Authors: Cheryl L. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Medical Notes on Columbus' First Trip to America" (236:1598, 1976), the author opines that Columbus' diary may contain a reference to the fact that some of his crew already had syphilis, therefore repudiating the theory that it was introduced to Europe by Columbus, as the author claims most people presently believe. There have been countless ancient and medieval references to what was called "alopecia" or "leprosy" but which we would today term syphilis. Bartholomaeus wrote in the 13th century that "leprosy commeth of fleshlyk lyking by a woman soone after that a leprous man hath laye her." He continues to say that "leprosy" is congenital, "It commeth of father and mother; and so this contagion passeth into the childe as it were by the law of heritage."<sup>1</sup>In the 13th century, Lanfrank (in his<i>Science of Cirurgie</i>) states that men contract, after coitus with a
An<i>in vivo</i>study of the microlymphatics in psoriasis using fluorescence microlymphography
Authors: None CLIFF, None BEDLOW, None STANTON, None MORTIMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Angiogenesis is a recognized event in psoriasis. Previous ultrastructural studies have demonstrated lymphatic capillaries extending high into the dermal papillae. Using the novel method of fluorescence microlymphography which permits visualization of upper dermal initial lymphatics in vivo we tested the hypothesis that lymphangiogenesis exists within plaque psoriasis. Six patients underwent fluorescence microlymphography with fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran administered intracutaneously within a psoriatic plaque on the leg. Stereological analysis permitted quantification of the lymphatic network opacified both within (lesional) and without (perilesional) the plaque. Results showed a greater spread of tracer from the depot into perilesional skin than into the plaque (P < 0.006). The mean length of lymphatics per unit area at increasing distance from the centre of the depot was also increased for the perilesional skin, 10.5 ± 1.9/cm2 (mean ± SEM), compared with lesional skin, 3.06 ± 0.8/cm (P < 0.001). The cumulative lymphatic length was also greater in perilesional, 22 ± 7.3 cm2, compared with lesional skin, 3.6 ± 0.3 cm (P < 0.006). Fluorescence microlymphography has proved to be an effective in vivo technique for the assessment of the dermal microlymphatics in psoriasis. Stereology provided quantitative analysis of the lymphatic network visualized. Overall, there is a greater network of lymphatics in perilesional compared with lesional skin in patients with plaque psoriasis. This finding is at odds with the accepted view that the lymphatic dermal vessels are increased within the psoriatic plaque.
Mitigation of the action of wheat allergen by acidic oxidative potential water
Authors: T. Matsumoto
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Acidic oxidative potential water (AOPW) is strongly acidic, and contains active oxygen species and thus exhibits an oxidative potential to cause biochemical alterations of wheat proteins. Methods: A commercial wheat allergen extract was treated with AOPW, and then analysed by means of SDS‐PAGE and the skin prick test in IgE‐mediated wheat allergic patients. Results: The wheat extract comprised 70 kDa, 32 kDa and 30 kDa fractions, and the protein in the 70 kDa fraction was broken down into less than 14 kDa fractions by AOPW. AOPW mitigated 39% of the wheal reaction to the wheat extract in the skin prick test. Conclusion: AOPW may be useful for enhancing the digestibility and lowering the allergenicity of wheat proteins.
Serial Bone Scintigraphy in a Case of Malignant Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Ian Swainson, Wai-Ling Chan, Donna Abbati
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the bone is a rare vascular tumor. It accounts for less than 1% of all malignant bone tumors and usually follows an indolent course. Presenting clinical features include pain, swelling, and pathologic fractures. Most commonly the skull, axial skeleton, and lower extremities are involved. EHE can display malignant behavior with metastases in 25% of cases. In an approximately 15% of cases, EHE can result in death. We present a case of EHE in a 75-year-old man who developed back pain following an admission for melena. Bone scanning was performed initially and at 8 weeks, following the development of further sites of pain.
Courage Under Siege: Starvation, Disease, and Death in the Warsaw Ghetto
Authors: Eugene V. Boisaubin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

As bombs showered upon Warsaw, Poland, on September 1, 1939, World War II officially began and with it the relentless extermination of millions of Jews and others deemed undesirable by the Third Reich. This potent book systematically analyzes the history of the Warsaw ghetto, from its inception in 1940 until its utter destruction in 1943, focusing upon the medical practitioners, organizations, diseases, and victims of this experience. The author, a physician-historian from McMaster University in Ontario, has produced both a scholarly and gripping portrayal of this world, in which medical personnel, like their patients, were preordained victims. By November 1940 the Nazis had moved more than 400 000 Jews into the ghetto, less than 400 acres of space. The only realistic escape from this walled and barbed-wired enclave was through death—disease, starvation, murder, or "relocation" to the death camps, primarily at Treblinka. For the Nazis, starvation was the easiest method,
Work Situation After Breast Cancer: Results From a Population-Based Study
Authors: E. Maunsell, M. Drolet, J. Brisson, C. Brisson, B. Masse, L. Deschenes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Breast cancer may adversely affect work experience. We assessed whether there was evidence of discrimination at work, defined as negative or involuntary changes in employment situation (including changes in position, wages, and other conditions), associated with a breast cancer diagnosis in a population-based retrospective cohort study conducted in Quebec, Canada. Methods: The study was based on the consecutive series of women aged less then 60 years when first treated for breast cancer (identified through the Quebec Tumor Registry) and a random sample of frequency-matched women living in Quebec (identified from provincial health care files) who had never been diagnosed with cancer. Eligibility for the study was restricted to women who were employed at the time of diagnosis (for breast cancer survivors) or the same calendar period (for women in the comparison group). We conducted telephone interviews of eligible women 3 years after diagnosis for 646 survivors or after the matched calendar period for 890 women in the comparison group. Binomial regression was used to evaluate the relationship between having breast cancer and work situation. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Working conditions were similar between the two groups at the beginning of follow-up. After 3 years, slightly more survivors (21%) than women in the comparison group (15%) were unemployed (adjusted relative risk for being unemployed = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.59), although most women who were not working (84% of unemployed survivors and 76% of unemployed women in the comparison group) said that the decision to stop working was their own. Among women still employed, no deterioration in working conditions was observed in either group. Conclusion: We found little evidence that women diagnosed with breast cancer experience discrimination at work. This information may be helpful for working women concerned about employment after breast cancer.
Injectable silicone biomaterial for faecal incontinence due to internal anal sphincter dysfunction
Authors: N J Kenefick, C J Vaizey, A J Malouf, C S Norton, M Marshall, M A Kamm
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> A weak or disrupted internal anal sphincter can cause passive faecal incontinence. Conservative measures may help some patients but there is no simple surgical solution for those who fail conservative treatment. A successful technique using trans-sphincteric injection of a bulking agent to augment the internal anal sphincter was developed in a previous pilot study. <b>Aim:</b> To determine the clinical results and underlying physiological effects of biomaterial injection. <b>Patients:</b> Six patients (four males, median age 53 years (range 36–65)) with faecal incontinence to solid or liquid stool related to poor internal anal sphincter function, of varied aetiology, were recruited. <b>Methods:</b> Silicone based biomaterial injections were performed, under local anaesthesia, with antibiotic cover. Three injections were placed circumferentially, trans-sphincterically, entering away from the anal margin and injecting at or just above the dentate line. Anorectal physiological studies, endoanal ultrasound, a bowel symptom diary, a validated incontinence score, and quality of life questionnaires were completed before treatment and on completion of follow up. <b>Results:</b> At a median follow up of 18 months (range 15–19), five of six patients had marked symptom improvement. Faecal incontinence scores improved from a median of 14/24 (range 11–20) before to 8/24 (6–15) after injection. Short form-36 quality of life physical and social function scores improved from a median of 26/100 (5–33) to 79/100 (25–100) and from 10/100 (5–37) to 100/100 (50–100), respectively. There was a corresponding physiological increase in maximum anal resting and squeeze pressures. Ultrasound showed the Bioplastique to be retained in the correct position in the improved patients without migration. There were no complications. <b>Conclusion:</b> Trans-sphincteric injection of silicone biomaterial can provide a marked improvement in faecal incontinence related to a weak or disrupted internal anal sphincter. This is associated with improved sphincter function and quality of life.
Ethyl Chloride Analgesia
Authors: J. D. Rochford, B. T. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1943)

a third at the right temporo-sphenoidal lobe.Small cerebellar cone round the brain-stem.Section of brain revealed congestion of grey matter and small congested vessels in the white matter.After fixation, sections of brain revealed a fair number of petechial haemorrhages, more marked in the white matter.Macroscopically the grey matter of thz brain was congested, giving a pinkish hue.Many small congested vessels in white matter.Microscopical Examination.-Thelesions present were not numerous, therefore careful searching was necessary.Some blocks of brain tissue did not reveal any lesion.No particular part of the brain was especially involved, the lesions being irregularly distributed throughout the brain substance.They were perhaps more obvious at the junction of white and grey matter than anywhere else in the cortex.Main lesions in intracerebral vessels, consisting of endo- thelial swelling associated with ante-mortem thrombi, partially occluding the lumen of the vessels.Some of the thrombi were.infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, many of them eosinophils.Occasionally there was evidence of vascular rupture, with red blood cells and eosinophilic material in the Virchow-Robin spaces.No obvious change in nerve cells themselves, and there was absence of perivascular cuffing and other signs of encephalitis.Emulsions of the brain were injected into rabbits and mice with negative results.Treatment This consisted of repeated lumbar punctures.Adrenaline-was given in doses of 1 c.cm. intramuscularly four-hourly, and sodium thiosulphate was injected intravenously.Venesection was also done.Treatment to be successful must be started as soon as possible, and therefore it is of great importance that this complication of arsenical therapy be quickly recognized.In every case of sudden cerebral disaster in a young adult the question of previous arsenical treatment should be considered.
Cultured human liver fat-storing cells produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines.
Authors: F Marra, A J Valente, M Pinzani, H E Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Monocytes infiltrate the portal space during chronic liver inflammation. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a cytokine that induces monocyte chemotaxis and activation. We investigated if human liver fat-storing cells (FSC) secrete MCP-1, and the mechanisms that regulate MCP-1 production. Unstimulated FSC secrete MCP-1 as measured by radioimmunoassay as well as a chemotactic assay and express mRNA that encodes for this cytokine. A two- to threefold increase in MCP-1 secretion was observed when FSC were treated with either interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) also increased MCP-1 secretion, although to a lesser extent (1.6-fold). Northern blot analysis showed that IL-1 alpha and IFN-gamma strongly increase the levels of mRNA that encodes for MCP-1, whereas TNF alpha appears to be a weaker stimulus. Analysis of FSC-conditioned medium by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed three bands of MCP-1 that most likely represent isoforms of different apparent molecular weights. Pretreatment of FSC with H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked cytokine-induced increase in both MCP-1 gene expression and secretion. To determine the potential role of MCP-1 in vivo, we also analyzed normal and pathologic human liver tissue. Northern blot analysis showed that MCP-1 mRNA expression is more abundant in liver tissue obtained from patients with chronic active hepatitis compared with normal liver tissue. These studies indicate that MCP-1 secreted by FSC is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines and that MCP-1 gene expression is upregulated in chronic inflammatory liver disease. MCP-1 released by FSC may participate in the recruitment and activation of monocytes at sites of liver injury.
Magazines Containing Tobacco Advertisements: Proscription Not Subscription
Authors: Richard D. Hurt, Thomas E. Kottke
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The tobacco industry has adopted an advertising and marketing strategy that relies on beautiful, young, healthy-looking people engaged in activities that appear to be fun and exciting. Magazine advertising is used extensively by the tobacco industry. The 2 most heavily advertised brands, Camel and Marlboro, are the brands most often smoked by underage teen smokers. 1 Joe Camel is as often recognized by 6-year-olds as representing a brand of cigarettes as Mickey Mouse ears are recognized as representing the Disney Channel. 2 Not only is tobacco advertising in magazines used to attract young smokers, it has been theorized to affect editorial policy for some magazines leading to fewer stories about the health effects of smoking heavily advertised brands. 3   Most hospitals and medical offices in the United States subscribe to magazines but probably do not pay much attention to the advertisements they contain. In the past, JAMA
Benign Intramyocardial Mesothelial Cyst in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Vamshi Krishna Kotha, Andrew T. Yan, Vikramaditya Prabhudesai, Anish Kirpalani, Kim Connelly, Raheem Peerani, Samantha J. Hill, Catherine J. Streutker, David A. Latter, Arnold Pinter, Djeven Parameshvara Deva
Journal: Circulation (2014)
O28 β7-INTEGRINS AND MADCAM-1 PLAY AN OPPOSING ROLE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)
Authors: H.K. Drescher, A. Schippers, S. Erschfeld, H. Noels, N. Wagner, C. Trautwein, K. Streetz, D.C. Kroy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)