tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From Humors to Medical Science: A History of American Medicine
Authors: E. Dorinda Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Previously published in 1979 as<i>The Healers</i>, this updated history of American medicine should be required reading from cover to cover for every physician and medical student. Why? Because we can extract many lessons from our medical heritage, gain insight into our behavior as physicians, and perhaps gain some guidance for building our future. In colonial America, medicine was not a profession but a trade practiced by surgeons who worked with their hands after being trained under an apprentice system. Duffy notes, "Until the mid-eighteenth century they had little professional consciousness and held only a limited concept of professional ethics or responsibilities." And until the present century physicians were so poorly paid that they often were farmers or merchants on the side. This book will help you to understand the evolution of medical practice in the United States "from an impoverished and barely respectable group... into preeminence among the professions
Rheumatoid arthritis in twins: a study of aetiopathogenesis based on the Australian Twin Registry.
Authors: N Bellamy, D Duffy, N Martin, J Mathews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The 1980 cohort of the Australian Twin Registry contains 3808 pairs of twins, 258 of whom self reported a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in one or both subjects. Seventy two pairs were lost to follow up by 1990. The remaining 186 pairs received a self administered questionnaire, followed, if necessary, by telephone interviews to them, their general practitioners, and their specialists. Twenty discordant and three concordant pairs of twins were verified as having RA. The prevalence of RA in this sample was 0.40%. There was an 89% false positive rate for the self reported diagnosis of RA. Pairwise concordance percentages for RA were as follows: monozygotic 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6 to 44), dizygotic 0% (95% CI = 0 to 25). It was concluded that: (a) there is a high false positive rate in self reporting RA; (b) the prevalence of RA in Australia may be less than the 0.8-1.0% often quoted; and (c) genetic factors play some part in the aetiopathogenesis of RA but do not account entirely for its determination.
Abstract 4438: Gold nanoparticle imaging and radiotherapy of brain tumors in mice.
Authors: James F. Hainfeld, Michael J. O'Connor, Daniel N. Slatkin, F Avraham Dilmanian, Henry M. Smilowitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aims: To test intravenously injected gold nanoparticles for X-ray imaging and radiotherapy enhancement of large, imminently lethal intracerebral malignant gliomas. Materials &amp; Methods: ∼11nm gold nanoparticles were injected intravenously and brains imaged by microCT. Fifteen hours after an iv dose of 4 g Au/kg, brains were irradiated with 30 Gy 100kVp X-rays. Results: Gold uptake gave a 19:1 tumor-to-normal brain ratio with 1.5% w/w gold in tumor, calculated to increase local radiation dose by ∼300%. Mice receiving gold and radiation (30 Gy) showed 50% long-term (&amp;gt; 1 year) tumor-free survival, whereas all mice receiving radiation only died. In a second experiment using 35 Gy, long-term survival was 56% with AuNPs plus radiation versus 18% with radiation alone. Combining both experiments, the radiation plus AuNP treatments were statistically distinct from the radiation-only groups (p = 0.014). Conclusions: Intravenously injected gold nanoparticles cross the blood-tumor barrier but are largely blocked by the normal blood brain barrier, enabling high-resolution CT tumor imaging. Gold radiation enhancement significantly improved long-term survival compared to radiotherapy alone. This approach holds promise to improve therapy of human brain tumors and other cancers. Citation Format: James F. Hainfeld, Michael J. O'Connor, Daniel N. Slatkin, F Avraham Dilmanian, Henry M. Smilowitz. Gold nanoparticle imaging and radiotherapy of brain tumors in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4438. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4438
L'endoscopie digestive pratiquée en France en 2008: résultats globaux d'une enquête prospective nationale de la Société Française d'Endoscopie Digestive (SFED)
Authors: JM Canard, JM Canard, JC Letard, D Heresbach, R Laugier, C Cellier, C Boustière, B Richard-Molard, P Pienkowski, M Barthet, PA Dalbiès, A Calazel, JP Arpurt, B Croguennec, T Barrioz, B Marchetti, F Prat, J Saurin, P Burtin
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Quantifier prospectivement la pratique de l'endoscopie digestive réalisée en France en 2008 et suivre son évolution depuis la première enquête réalisée en 1998.
Comparison of treatment initiation with bisoprolol vs. enalapril in chronic heart failure patients: rationale and design of CIBIS‐III
Authors: Ronnie Willenheimer, Erland Erdmann, Ferenc Follath, Henry Krum, Piotr Ponikowski, Bernard Silke, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Louis van de Ven, Patricia Verkenne, Philippe Lechat
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Risk of lung cancer needs to be studied in younger patients who keep pet birds
Authors: P. Holst
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Introducing the postoperative care team Effective postoperative care remains surgeons' roleEditor-I am concerned that the suggestions made by David R Goldhill might be taken too seriously rather than remain a point for discussion. 1 Goldhill is right in his assertion that patients can fare badly in their postoperative course because of lack of attention by their attendants and lack of understanding of common postoperative complications.I believe, however, that he has missed the opportunity to lay the blame at the correct door.Surely it is the surgeons' role to carry out preoperative assessment, surgery, and effective postoperative care.If they choose to emphasise their importance in the operating theatre, delegating their other responsibilities to their trainees, the nurse practitioners, and the anaesthetists, why should we encourage this path?Undoubtedly, anaesthetists are fast becoming the new generalists, with an increasing role outside the operating theatre.These new skills and responsibilities include pain control, intensive care, and transoesophageal echocardiography, to name but a few.Some of my professional colleagues may relish even more diversification and abhor my comments.Goldhill implies that anaesthetists and postoperative care nurses will lead the postoperative care team; indeed, this is already happening in North America, where they have been sent to run preoperative assessment clinics by surgeons based in the operating room.If the surgical ward round in your hospital has become a quick look through the laboratory results and a glance at the chest radiograph before a rush to the changing rooms then I suggest that waiting for the confidential inquiry into perioperative deaths to point out the obvious is not the solution.
The Dilemma of Ritual Abuse: Cautions and Guides for Therapists
Authors: William Bernet
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Interest in the phenomenon of ritual abuse began in 1980 with the publication of<i>Michelle Remembers</i>, by Michelle Smith and Lawrence Pazder. Dr Pazder, a psychiatrist in Victoria, British Columbia, was treating Smith for multiple personality disorder. One of her child alters described how Smith had been sexually and physically abused during bizarre religious ceremonies and forced to participate in killing babies. Smith and Pazder reported her memories in popular magazines (<i>People</i>and<i>Maclean's</i>), in hardcover (1980), paperback (1981), and in presentations at professional meetings. Before long, hundreds of therapists and thousands of patients recounted recovered memories of "satanic ritual abuse" and "sadistic ritual abuse." Many of these patients had multiple personality disorder, which is now called dissociative identity disorder. During the late 1980s and the 1990s, psychotherapists took sides on this highly controversial issue. At one extreme, an experienced psychologist said that ritual abuse should be considered and ruled
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ASSESSING STUNNED MYOCARDIUM IN POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS. META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE TRIALS
Authors: Jorge Romero, Omar Wever-Pinzon, Harikrishna Makani, Farbod Raiszadeh, Jonathan Kahan, Mario Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Utility of Serum HER2 Extracellular Domain Assessment in Clinical Decision Making: Pooled Analysis of Four Trials of Trastuzumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Siân Lennon, Claire Barton, Ludger Banken, Luca Gianni, Michel Marty, José Baselga, Brian Leyland-Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in patients with HER2-positive early and metastatic breast cancer. The extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER2 protein may be shed into the serum and is detectable using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations have been reported between raised baseline ECD levels and response to trastuzumab, suggesting that serum ECD levels may be useful in making treatment decisions in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. We investigated this relationship, and also the effect of trastuzumab and chemotherapy on ECD levels, in patients with advanced breast cancer.This study analyzed sequential ECD determinations on 322 patients treated with six different treatment regimens in four clinical trials.Baseline values were available in 296 patients, and of these, 205 (69%) had raised levels (> 15 ng/mL). No clear relationship was found between baseline ECD levels and tumor response. After initiating combination therapy, ECD levels declined irrespective of treatment received and tumor response. For trastuzumab monotherapy, some trend between changes in ECD levels in early cycles and best response was discernable, but the overlap was too broad to be clinically useful. Disease progression was not reliably predicted by rising ECD levels in the majority of patients.Based on our data, we cannot recommend using serum HER2 ECD levels to make trastuzumab or other treatment decisions for individual patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer.
<i>BEX2</i> Is Overexpressed in a Subset of Primary Breast Cancers and Mediates Nerve Growth Factor/Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ali Naderi, Andrew E. Teschendorff, Juergen Beigel, Massimiliano Cariati, Ian O. Ellis, James D. Brenton, Carlos Caldas
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We have identified a novel subtype of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers with improved outcome after tamoxifen treatment and characterized by overexpression of the gene BEX2. BEX2 and its homologue BEX1 have highly correlated expression and are part of a cluster enriched for ER response and apoptosis genes. BEX2 expression is induced after estradiol (E2) treatment with a peak at 3 h, suggesting BEX2 is an estrogen-regulated gene. BEX2 belongs to a family of genes, including BEX1, NGFRAP1 (alias BEX3), BEXL1 (alias BEX4), and NGFRAP1L1 (alias BEX5). Both BEX1 and NGFRAP1 interact with p75NTR and modulate nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation in neural tissues. In breast cancer cells, NGF inhibits C2-induced apoptosis through binding of p75NTR and NF-κB activation. Here, we show that BEX2 expression is necessary and sufficient for the NGF-mediated inhibition (through NF-κB activation) of C2-induced apoptosis. We also show that BEX2 modulates apoptosis of breast cancer cells in response to E2 (50 nmol/L) and tamoxifen (5 and 10 μmol/L). Furthermore, BEX2 overexpression enhances the antiproliferative effect of tamoxifen at pharmacologic dose (1 μmol/L). These data suggest that a NGF/BEX2/NF-κB pathway is involved in regulating apoptosis in breast ancer cells and in modulating response to tamoxifen in primary tumors. [Cancer es 2007;67(14):6725–36]
Silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis: a follow up study of granite workers 1940-81.
Authors: M Klockars, R S Koskela, E Jarvinen, P J Kolari, A Rossi
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The incidence and prevalence of subjects awarded disability pensions and the prevalence of subjects receiving free medicines because of rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a Finnish cohort of 1026 granite workers hired between 1940 and 1971 and followed up until 31 December 1981. The incidence of awards of disability pensions because of rheumatoid arthritis during 1969-81, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis on 31 December 1981, and the prevalence of subjects receiving free medicines for rheumatoid arthritis at the end of 1981 were significantly higher among the granite workers than in the general male population of the same age. Retrospective analysis of the records of all patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the cohort showed a predominance of a severe, serologically positive and erosive form of rheumatoid arthritis, usually with an age at onset of 50 or over. The possible aetiological or pathophysiological role of granite dust in rheumatoid arthritis may be based on the effects of quartz on the immune system.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome in patients presenting with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Reyhan Diz-Küçükkaya, Abdullah Hacıhanefioǧlu, Mustafa Yenerel, Mehmet Turgut, Hüseyin Keskin, Meliha Nalçacı, Murat l˙nanç
Journal: Blood (2001)
The effect of short-term low-dose cyclosporin on renal function and blood pressure in patients with psoriasis
Authors: A.L. BROWN, R. WILKINSON, T.H. THOMAS, N. LEVELL, C. MUNRO, J. MARKS, T.H.J. GOODSHIP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The effect of short‐term (mean 2‐4 months), low‐dose (5 mg/kg) cyciosporin A (CyA) on renal function and blood pressure was studied in eight patients with psoriasis. Studies were undertaken before, during and after treatment. Glomerular filtration rate (GHR) post‐treatment was significantly higher than pretreatment or during treatment (pre. 119±7: during, 113±9: post. 133±11 ml/min per 1.73 m2: pre vs. during. NS: during vs. post. P<0.01; pre vs. post, P<0.05): effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was unchanged (pre. 515±38; during, 485±49: post. 56±45 ml/min per 1.73 m2). There was no change in the urinary excretion of either albumin or the enzymes N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase. lactate dehydrogenase. alanine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. There was a decrease in exchangeable sodium which persisted post‐treatment (pre. 56±3; during. 49±3; post. 49±3 mmol/kgLBM: pre vs. during. P=0.07: during vs. post. NS: pre vs. post. P=0.06). Blood pressure assessed as either a single reading, or the mean of a 24 h ambulatory recording, increased during treatment (single reading: pre, 113/73; during. 126/83; post. 114/70 mmHg: mean 24 h: pre, 114/71: during. 123/76: post. 120/72 mmHg). Thus, short‐term use of CyA at a dose of 5 mg/kg for the treatment of psoriasis is associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, but only a transient mild reduction in GFR, which did not reach significance.
Randomized Trial of Partial Versus Complete Chordal Preservation Methods of Mitral Valve Replacement : A Preliminary Report
Authors: K. L. Yun, C. F. Sintek, D. C. Miller, G. T. Schuyler, A. D. Fletcher, T. A. Pfeffer, G. S. Kochamba, S. Khonsari, M. R. Zile
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The merits of retaining the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement for chronic mitral regurgitation have been demonstrated in numerous clinical and laboratory investigations. In this preliminary report, we analyzed the early effects of complete versus partial chordal preservation on left ventricular mechanics.Fifty patients undergoing isolated surgical correction of mitral insufficiency were prospectively randomized to either total or partial chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. Of the first 19 patients studied, 8 had preservation of the posterior leaflet only, and 11 had complete preservation of all chordal structures. A comparison group consisted of 6 patients who had primary mitral valve repair. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively and at discharge from the hospital to determine dimensions, wall stress, and ejection fraction. Preservation of the posterior leaflet only resulted in a reduction in end-diastolic volume, an increase in end-systolic volume (P=0.058), a rising trend in end-systolic stress, a decrease in long-axis fractional shortening, and a fall in ejection fraction from 0.68+/-0.16 to 0. 46+/-0.19 (P=0.001). Although patients who had preservation of all chordal structures also had decreased end-diastolic volume, long-axis fractional shortening, and ejection fraction (0.60+/-0.13 to 0.52+/-0.07, P=0.01), end-systolic stress fell and end-systolic volume decreased instead of increased. Compared with the posterior leaflet preservation group, those in the group with completely preserved chordal structures had a larger decline in end-diastolic volume and smaller decreases in long-axis fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Changes in end-systolic volume and stress were also statistically different between the 2 cohorts. No differences were detected between the group with total preserved chordal structures and the mitral repair group in any of the measured parameters.Compared with posterior chordal preservation only, complete retention of the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement resulted in improved ejection performance and smaller chamber volumes due to reduced systolic wall stress. These hemodynamic advantages are comparable to those observed with primary mitral reconstruction.
Physical and fitness characteristics of successful Gaelic footballers.
Authors: A W Watson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

Anthropometric and fitness observations were made on 32 members of a top level Gaelic football squad that reached the All Ireland final in the year in which these measurements were taken. The subjects were found to be large and well muscled with a mean somatotype of 2.6:5.6:3.1 (endomorphy:mesomorphy:ectomorphy). Body fat content of the whole squad averaged 15.0% but the most successful group of players averaged 12.4%. The body mass index (BMI) of the group was high and averaged 24.7 km.m-2. This group of Gaelic footballers was found to be taller and heavier than top level soccer players but smaller than Australian rules and American footballers. At 58.6 ml.min-1.kg-1 maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was higher than that reported for rugby players and American footballers and is probably similar to that of professional soccer players. Scores on three lung function tests: (1) forced vital capacity (FVC), (2) forced expiratory volume during 1 s (FEV1), and (3) peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were between 112% and 115% of the values predicted from height and age. There were wide variations in flexibility among the members of the group, the best individuals being as flexible as elite track and field athletes while the worst were less flexible than untrained subjects. Vertical jump scores were high and averaged 503 mm. The fitness observations made on this group of elite Gaelic footballers showed that they were not only fitter but more homogeneously fit than rugby players and American footballers and their fitness was generally similar to that reported for professional soccer players.
Evolution of a Human Pathogen in a New Host Population
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Sore-Throat
Authors: T. Inman
Journal: BMJ (1861)

During the past year-1860-six cases have come under my care which were illustrative of this practical point.They show also that epiphora of apparently congenital origin is due to other causes than insufficient development of the osseous parietes of the tear-canal, or hereditary predisposition.The subjects of the disease were healthy, but diatbetically strumous.In one, an infant of eight months, in whom there were grounds for suspecting a syphilitic taint, acute abscess of the sac threatened; it was swollen, tense, and red.Tbe canaliculus was slit while the child was under chloroform, and a probe was passed into the nasal duct, with the effect of removing the urgent symptoms in thirty-six hours.The five other cases were treated in the same way, with the addition of astringents.The attendants should be directed to press out the saccontents every two or three hours.The duty of examining the condition of the tear-sac in all cases of infantile or adult purulent ophthalmia will not need, after what has been said, to be urged upon surgeons.
Protein C Anticoagulant System in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: HIROYASU KOBAYASHI, ESTEBAN C. GABAZZA, OSAMU TAGUCHI, HIDEO WADA, HIROYUKI TAKEYA, JUNJI NISHIOKA, HIROKI YASUI, TETSU KOBAYASHI, OSAMU HATAJI, KOJI SUZUKI, YUKIHIKO ADACHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Excessive procoagulant activity in the alveolar space may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Hypercoagulability results from the disruption of the balance between the procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of molecular markers of the anticoagulant protein C (PC) pathway in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma of 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 14 with sarcoidosis and 16 with collagen vascular disease (CVD)–associated interstitial lung disease (CVD–ILD). Six healthy nonsmoking volunteers served as control subjects. BALF concentrations of the marker of clotting activation, thrombin– antithrombin III complex (TAT), in patients with sarcoidosis and CVD–ILD were significantly greater than those in control subjects. PC levels in BALF were markedly higher in patients with IPF (610 ± 150 ng/ml), sarcoidosis (680 ± 170 ng/ml), and CVD–ILD (1,580 ± 600 ng/ml) than in control subjects (230 ± 140 ng/ml). BALF concentrations of activated PC–PC inhibitor (APC–PCI) complex were significantly decreased in IPF (0.46 ± 0.16 ng/ml), sarcoidosis (0.43 ± 0.11 ng/ml), and CVD–ILD (0.50 ± 0.15 ng/ml) patients as compared with control subjects (1.08 ± 0.23 ng/ml). APC–PCI/PC ratios were significantly lower in patients with IPF (2.70 ± 1.74 ng/ μ g), sarcoidosis (1.94 ± 0.82 ng/ μ g), and CVD–ILD (1.89 ± 0.68 ng/ μ g) than in control subjects (15.91 ± 8.45 ng/ μ g). Plasma levels of APC– PCI and the APC–PCI/PC ratio were also significantly decreased in patients with CVD–ILD as compared with control subjects. Overall, these findings suggest that decreased PC activation with increased procoagulant activity occurs in patients with ILD.