tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Hypoglycemia Associated With Autoimmunity Specific to Human Insulin
Authors: Ivo Sklenar, Terence J Wilkin, Jose-Luis Diaz, Peter Erb, Ulrich Keller
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

A 55-yr-old woman with a history of Graves'; disease experienced attacks of postprandial hypoglycemia for 6 yr. An insulinoma could not be confirmed by repeated fasting tests and by surgical pancreas revision. Extracted pancreatic insulin was chemically normal. Fasting plasma total insulin (1.22 nM = 183 μU/ml) and proinsulin (0.48 nM) were elevated and greatly increased after oral glucose. Glucoseclamp studies revealed delayed insulin clearance. Plasma free-insulin levels were normal. Insulin-binding antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay with human insulin as ligand but not with pork or beef insulins. Analysis with a modified ELISA suggested a monotypic and monoclonal human insulin autoantibody, which showed a restriction to the λ-light chain. T-lymphocytes (predominantly helper) demonstrated increased responsiveness to beef, pork, and human insulins by proliferation assay. A T-lymphocyte line showed exclusively human insulin specificity. All this indicated cellular and humoral anti-human insulin autoimmunities. Clinically, the cause of hypoglycemia associated with elevated total insulin and proinsulin was misdiagnosed as atypical insulinoma. The study of total and free plasma insulin levels and sensitive antibody assays specific to human insulin were necessary to correctly diagnose autoimmune hypoglycemia.
A Functional Anatomic Defect of the Cystic Fibrosis Airway
Authors: Susan E. Birket, Kengyeh K. Chu, Linbo Liu, Grace H. Houser, Bradford J. Diephuis, Eric J. Wilsterman, Gregory Dierksen, Marina Mazur, Suresh Shastry, Yao Li, John D. Watson, Alexander T. Smith, Benjamin S. Schuster, Justin Hanes, William E. Grizzle, Eric J. Sorscher, Guillermo J. Tearney, Steven M. Rowe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease pathogenesis are unknown.To establish mechanisms linking anion transport with the functional microanatomy, we evaluated normal and CF piglet trachea as well as adult swine trachea in the presence of selective anion inhibitors.We investigated airway functional microanatomy using microoptical coherence tomography, a new imaging modality that concurrently quantifies multiple functional parameters of airway epithelium in a colocalized fashion.Tracheal explants from wild-type swine demonstrated a direct link between periciliary liquid (PCL) hydration and mucociliary transport (MCT) rates, a relationship frequently invoked but never experimentally confirmed. However, in CF airways this relationship was completely disrupted, with greater PCL depths associated with slowest transport rates. This disrupted relationship was recapitulated by selectively inhibiting bicarbonate transport in vitro and ex vivo. CF mucus exhibited increased viscosity in situ due to the absence of bicarbonate transport, explaining defective MCT that occurs even in the presence of adequate PCL hydration.An inherent defect in CF airway surface liquid contributes to delayed MCT beyond that caused by airway dehydration alone and identifies a fundamental mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CF lung disease in the absence of antecedent infection or inflammation.
Spallation and Migration of Silicone from Blood-Pump Tubing in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Alexander P. S. Disney, David W. Gove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Spalled particles of silicone were observed in the livers of patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. The refractile particles of silicone were associated with various degrees of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and granulomatous hepatitis was evident in nine cases. Retrospective examination revealed the material in 18 of 38 liver-biopsy samples from patients on hemodialysis who had clinical hepatic dysfunction. Of 31 autopsies of patients who had undergone hemodialysis, 22 revealed silicone in the liver, and silicone was also present in the spleen in all cases and in the marrow, lungs, and nodes in some. Giant cells containing silicone were also observed in these organs. Silicone was present in patients who had undergone hemodialysis for six weeks to 84 months (mean, 24 months). The identity of the material was confirmed by atomic absorption and by electron microprobe analysis. The silicone was traced to a segment of silicone tubing located in the roller pump of the dialysis machine.
Sexual Activity and Urinary Tract Infections in Women
Authors: RAPHAEL B. STRICKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Sexual Activity and Urinary Tract Infections in WomenRAPHAEL B. STRICKER, M.D.RAPHAEL B. STRICKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-773_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Strom and colleagues (1) suggest an association between sexual activity and urinary tract infections in women. However, there appears to be a significant flaw in the study design. The patients were women with urinary tract infections, whereas the controls were women with other acute medical problems, primarily upper respiratory infections. Sexual activity was analyzed as a variable. Because the presence of an upper respiratory infection should exert a negative effect on sexual activity (at least in my experience), the control group appears to be biased against this variable. This bias raises doubts about the study's conclusion.One...Reference1. STROM B, COLLINS M, WEST S, KREISBERG J, and WELLER S. Sexual activity, contraceptive use, and other risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteremia. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:816-23. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RAPHAEL B. STRICKER, M.D.Affiliations: University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 773-774KeywordsHuman sexual behaviorUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
A randomized phase 2a efficacy and safety trial of the topical <scp>J</scp> anus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: W.C. Ports, S. Khan, S. Lan, M. Lamba, C. Bolduc, R. Bissonnette, K. Papp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) is a novel Janus kinase inhibitor in development as an oral formulation for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases including psoriasis. Objectives This phase 2a study aimed to assess the efficacy, systemic safety, local tolerability and systemic pharmacokinetics of topical tofacitinib in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. Methods Two tofacitinib ointment formulations were evaluated in this multicentre, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (NCT01246583). Seventy-one patients were randomized 2 : 1 : 2 : 1 to 2% tofacitinib ointment 1, vehicle 1, 2% tofacitinib ointment 2 and vehicle 2, each administered twice daily for 4 weeks to a single fixed 300 cm2 treatment area containing a target plaque with or without one or more nontarget plaques and normal skin. Results The primary endpoint of percentage change from baseline in the Target Plaque Severity Score at week 4 demonstrated statistically significant improvement for ointment 1 [least squares mean (LSM) –54·4%] vs. vehicle 1 (LSM –41·5%), but not ointment 2 (LSM –24·2%) vs. vehicle 2 (LSM –17·2%). Secondary endpoints (target plaque area and Itch Severity Item) improved similarly for tofacitinib ointment vs. corresponding vehicle. Adverse event (AE) occurrence was similar across treatment groups. All AEs were mild or moderate and none were serious or led to subject discontinuation. One application-site AE (erythema) was reported. Tofacitinib mean systemic exposure was minimal and was greater for ointment 1 than for ointment 2. Conclusions Tofacitinib ointment 1 was well tolerated and efficacious compared with vehicle for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Further study of topical tofacitinib for psoriasis treatment is warranted.
Doctors and torture
Authors: V. Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Torture and other human rights abuses have been common throughout history For many centuries, for example, judges in France could order torture of prisoners to obtain information. In the American civil war deserters were branded, and even today branding may be part of a sentence in Iraq. But these abuses have rarely reached public perception and understanding. Asylum seekers reaching the United Kingdom from Kurdish Iraq or Bosnia have faced hostile accusations of being “economic refugees,” not deserving of emotional, social, and economic support. Kosovo may have changed that. Increasingly knowledge of abuses is recorded by us all as we watch our television screens. The stories told of torture and of executions were simple, coherent, and compelling—and reinforced by pictures from recent discoveries: the torture chamber in a school basement and mass graves. This type of reporting has been a trend for some time and has added impact to undercover reportage of human rights abuses in Turkey and Israel. The rapid appearance of pictures on the internet further broadens news coverage—and provides access to the world's media for repressed minorities. This public awareness is a new phenomenon; in time we will see …
STEROID THERAPY IN RETICULOSIS OF THE SKIN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS.
Authors: A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON, W. A. DEWAR, J. A. MILNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article STEROID THERAPY IN RETICULOSIS OF THE SKIN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS. Get access A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON, M.D., F.R.F.P.S.(G.), M.R.C.P.(Ed.), A. GIRDWOOD FERGUSSON, M.D., F.R.F.P.S.(G.), M.R.C.P.(Ed.) Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, and the Department of Pathology, the University and Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. A. DEWAR, M.C., M.D., F.R.F.P.S.(G.), W. A. DEWAR, M.C., M.D., F.R.F.P.S.(G.) Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, and the Department of Pathology, the University and Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. MILNE, M.B., M.R.C.P.(Lond.). J. A. MILNE, M.B., M.R.C.P.(Lond.). Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, and the Department of Pathology, the University and Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 2, 1 February 1958, Pages 58–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13292.x Published: 01 February 1958
Sympathetic Drive in Anterior and Inferior Uncomplicated Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lee N. Graham, Paul A. Smith, Robert J. Huggett, John B. Stoker, Alan F. Mackintosh, David A.S.G. Mary
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The sympathetic activation that follows acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Because the prognosis after anterior AMI (ant-AMI) is worse than that after inferior AMI (inf-AMI), we planned to determine whether the magnitude of sympathetic hyperactivity differs between the two.Thirty-nine patients with uncomplicated AMI, comprising 2 matched groups of 17 patients with ant-AMI, and 22 patients with inf-AMI were examined. Measurements were obtained 2 to 4 days after AMI and compared with 20 normal subjects (NC) who were matched in terms of age and body weight to the AMI groups. Resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity was quantified from multiunit bursts (MSNA) and from single units (s-MSNA). Both groups of AMI patients were matched with regard to hemodynamic variables, left ventricular function, and infarct size. Both groups had greater (at least P<0.01) sympathetic nerve activity than NC (60+/-4.3 bursts/100 cardiac beats and 68+/-4.9 impulses/100 cardiac beats), but the magnitude of sympathetic nerve hyperactivity in ant-AMI (81+/-4.0 bursts/100 cardiac beats and 91+/-4.9 impulses/100 cardiac beats) was similar (P>0.05) to that in inf-AMI (80+/-3.2 bursts/100 cardiac beats and 90+/-4.0 impulses/100 cardiac beats)Both ant-AMI and inf-AMI resulted primarily in a similar magnitude of sympathetic nerve hyperactivity. These findings suggest that the worse prognosis after ant-AMI compared with after inf-AMI would not be related primarily to the degree of sympathetic hyperactivity.
Universal access to HIV treatment will not be achieved by 2015 without radical action
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The intravenous administration of remdesivir for COVID-19 confines its utility to hospitalized patients. We evaluated the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn, an orally available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of the remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524) against viruses that cause diseases of human public health concern, including SARS-CoV-2. ODBG-P-RVn showed 20-fold greater antiviral activity than GS-441524 and had near-equivalent activity to remdesivir in primary-like human small airway epithelial cells. Our results warrant investigation of ODBG-P-RVn efficacy in vivo.
Contraindications to immunisation
Authors: J K Anand
Journal: BMJ (1980)

attempt to avert this approaching crisis.As it is apparent that the National Health Service facilities are incapable of processing enough of of the voluntary donations from this country, surely we should explore the possibility of commercially successful private industries fractionating the material for the National Health Service.This approach would provide a glimmer of hope in what otherwise seems a very gloomy prospect.
PMO-194 Polypoid lesions in the UGI tract in patients with portal hypertension; EUS before you biopsy!
Authors: A Shams, N McAvoy, S Alexandridis, J Plevris, P Hayes
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The universal use of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension in combination with increasing number of patients with liver disease has resulted in the detection of indeterminate upper GI lesions, other than obvious varices. Many of these lesions are found incidentally and biopsying them presents a dilemma for the endoscopists, as this may lead to serious complications. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the nature of such lesions using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) prior to a biopsy. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 22 consecutive patients with portal hypertension who underwent an EUS evaluation between June 2008 and November 2011 for upper GI polypoid lesions found on endoscopy were included in the study. Procedure and pathology reports, obtained from patients9 electronic records, were reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 22 patients (16 men, 6 women, median age 66) who underwent upper GI endoscopy, 11 had lesions in the proximal stomach (gastro-oesophageal junction, fundus, gastric body) while eight had lesions in the distal stomach (antrum, pylorus) and three in the duodenum. Six (27.3%) proved to be varices and 4 (18.2%) polypoid lesions over varices (2 benign, 2 malignant). Whereas, 7 (31.8%) patients had true polyps. The remaining lesions found on EUS included 1 (4.5%) case of gastric fold, 1 gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), one ulcer, 1 case of external compression and one patient had a normal EUS with no lesion seen. Of the 10 cases of varices and varices underlying polypoid lesions, 8 (80%) were in the proximal stomach. Histology of non-vascular lesions under EUS were available in 11 patients, which showed 5 (45.5%) inflammatory polyps, 2 (18.2%) adenocarcinoma, 2 (18.2%) adenoma, 1 (9.1%) normal and one was reported as insufficient sample. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Indeterminate upper GI lesions encountered during routine endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension are commonly either varices or may develop around varices. We recommend EUS evaluation prior to biopsying such lesions in order to avoid potential serious complications such as iatrogenic variceal bleed. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Infectious Diseases: Text and Color Atlas
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Most of us who are asked to give talks to our colleagues, medical students, and residents have a handsome collection of slides upon which to call. Much of that material is tabular or textual. For some lectures, an illustrative example of a disease would be valuable, but sometimes only a few precious slides of characteristic skin lesions or x-ray films are available. Clinicians, when confronted with a perplexing problem in the office or at the bedside, might benefit from a graphic example of a condition. But how many of us have seen a patient with, and have photographs showing, severe opisthotonos or risus sardonicus? A picture of erythema marginatum or cutaneous anthrax is worth at least a thousand words, all the more so when the photographs are razor sharp, in color, and superbly reproduced. How the authors assembled this outstanding collection is mindboggling! This book—the second edition of a volume
Assessment of disease severity and outcome in patients with systemic light-chain amyloidosis by the high-sensitivity troponin T assay
Authors: Arnt V. Kristen, Evangelos Giannitsis, Stephanie Lehrke, Ute Hegenbart, Matthias Konstandin, David Lindenmaier, Corina Merkle, Stefan Hardt, Philipp A. Schnabel, Christoph Röcken, Stefan O. Schonland, Anthony D. Ho, Thomas J. Dengler, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Blood (2010)
Effects of chronic oral administration of nifedipine and diltiazem on occlusive thrombus of small coronary arteries in (NZW x BXSB)F1 male mice
Authors: M Tanaka, H Fujiwara, Y Shibata, M Kida, H Suzuka, K Kimura, C Kawai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

(NZWxBXSB)F1 male mice were used as a model to study the effects of chronic administration of nifedipine and diltiazem on small coronary artery disease and mortality.16 week old (NZWxBXSB)F1 male mice were given either nifedipine (n = 29) at 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 orally or diltiazem (n = 28) at 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 orally in two divided doses until they were 24 weeks old (ie, for 60 d). Age matched control mice were given an equivalent volume of vehicle (n = 30). Mice that died received immediate necropsy. After 60 d, all surviving mice were killed and hearts and kidneys were examined histologically.The survival rate at 24 weeks was significantly higher in mice given nifedipine than in the controls (71% and 47%, respectively, p less than 0.05). The number of mice with myocardial necrosis, scar formation, or both, the percentage of areas of the ventricular wall with myocardial necrosis and scar formation, and the number of mice with small intramyocardial arteries showing greater than or equal to 75% stenosis were all significantly lower in the mice given nifedipine than in the controls. In the mice given diltiazem, there were no such differences from the controls. There was no evidence of significant stenosis or thrombosis in the extramyocardial coronary arteries in any of the mice. Systolic blood pressure and the rate-pressure product at 24 weeks of age, as well as the histological score for glomerulonephritis changes, were significantly lower in mice given nifedipine or diltiazem than in the controls.Despite an equivalent improvement of systolic blood pressure, the double product, and renal disease in nifedipine treated and diltiazem treated mice, only nifedipine prevented small coronary artery disease and increased the survival of (NZWxBXSB)F1 male mice, suggesting that nifedipine prevents occlusive thrombi of small coronary arteries better than diltiazem.
Literary Style in American Medical Writing
Authors: John B. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In medical writing, literary style for years has been getting steadily worse. Such at least is the opinion often expressed and apparently believed by those who would exhort authors to do better. A historian cannot be expected to point ways out of the present bog (if, in fact, it exists), for this is the prophet's job. Nor should he be expected to present a critique of the literary style found in the mass of current material glutting our libraries. Perhaps, however, he may properly explore the assertion, or the assumption, that the literary style of medical writing is "getting worse." An examination of what critics have said in the past may help to bring perspective to the present. For an idea of what leading medical men thought about American medical literature some 120 years ago, one can turn to the succession of reports by the Committee on Medical Literature published
Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Abscesses in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Margaret J. Bia
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two renal transplant patients had fever and graft tenderness secondary to a gas-containing abscess around the transplanted kidney. Renal ultrasonography failed to identify the abscess in these cases because of the difficulty in differentiating bowel from gas-containing collections. Gallium citrate Ga 67 scanning, performed in one patient, did not delineate the abscess because interpretation was complicated by the presence of radioactivity in the bowel. In both cases, the pelvic abscess was identified correctly with the use of computed tomography (CT). The limitations of ultrasonography in identifying gas-containing collections should be recognized, and CT should be performed as one of the initial studies in evaluating a renal transplant patient with a suspected pelvic abscess.
FEMALE GENDER IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER DEGREE OF ATRIAL FIBROSIS AS DETECTED USING DELAYED-ENHANCEMENT MRI
Authors: Nathan Burgon, Christian Mahnkopf, Jeremy Fotheringham, Nazem Akoum, Thomas S. Haslam, Troy J. Badger, Eugene G. Kholmovski, Rob S. MacLeod, Nassir F. Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)