tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic pancreatic stent placement and post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: T. Mazaki, H. Masuda, T. Takayama
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: Pancreatitis is one of the most frequent complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The placement of a prophylactic pancreatic stent after ERCP can help prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). We aimed to provide an up-to-date meta-analysis regarding pancreatic stent placement for prevention of PEP and review the immediate adverse events associated with pancreatic stent placement.
Cidofovir bladder instillation for the treatment of BK hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Benjamin Bridges, Sarah Donegan, Ashraf Badros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

We report a case of severe hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic transplantation in association with high BK viral load. After failure of aggressive hydration, platelet and blood transfusions, continuous bladder irrigation, and tapering of the immune suppression, we instilled cidofovir into the bladder, which resulted in decreased BK viral load and significant clinical improvement. Our case suggests that local cidofovir therapy for viral hemorrhagic cystitis is effective and well tolerated with no observed side effects. Am. J. Hematol. 81:535–537, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Practical Neurological Diagnosis: With Special Reference to the Problems of Neurosurgery
Authors: H. Houston Merritt
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The appearance of the sixth edition of this monograph on neurological diagnosis attests to its popularity as a text for students and resident house officers. The author has followed, in general, the form of the original edition which was published in 1932. He has however eliminated the chapters contained in the previous editions which dealt with radiological diagnosis because he believed that these obscured his original intent and added extensively to the size and cost of the volume. His approach to the diagnosis of neurological disease is that of his specialty, neurosurgery, and is based on his extensive experience in this field since the time of his training with Dr. Harvey Cushing over 30 years ago. There is a chapter on history taking and general physical examination and one on the examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. The remainder of the book is devoted to a discussion of anatomy and physiology
Psychiatric Intervention and Suicide
Authors: V. S. Nehama
Journal: BMJ (1971)

departments, but I am convinced that the practitioner's decision to ask for an x-ray is often influenced by medicolegal considerations.Failure to order an x-ray examination is a well-known ground for a charge of negligence and the Union deals with a number of claims of this sort every year.Unfortunately, the courts have tended to assume that if the patient has an undiagnosed fracture and no radiological examination has been carried out the medical attendant is ipso facto negligent.It is essential, of course, that casualty officers should bear in mind the dangers that are associated with the in- discriminate use of radiography.-Iam, etc.
A Rare Case of Mucinous Cystadenoma of the Lung Mimicking Malignancy at 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Stefano Cafarotti, Giorgio Treglia, Massimo Bongiovanni, Luca Ceriani, Gaetano Paone, Luca Giovanella, André Dutly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe a rare case of pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma (PMCA) detected F-FDG PET/CT and mimicking a malignancy. A 60-year-old female patient underwent F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of a left pulmonary nodule which showed increased F-FDG uptake (SUVmax = 3.7). Based on this PET/CT finding, the patient underwent a cuneiform resection of the left pulmonary nodule. Histology demonstrated the presence of a PMCA. In our case, F-FDG PET/CT has been useful in detecting this rare pulmonary tumor.
Effect of aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hideki Nojima, Hiroshi Watanabe, Kiminori Yamane, Yoshihiro Kitahara, Kiyokazu Sekikawa, Hideya Yamamoto, Akihito Yokoyama, Tsutomu Inamizu, Toshimasa Asahara, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. VIII. Impaired autologous mixed lymphocyte reactivity in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: C E Moody, B A Casazza, W N Christenson, M E Weksler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is severely impaired in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. Reactivity returned during the course of convalescence. The allogeneic MLR was not impaired in these patients. B cells from patients with infectious mononucleosis do not stimulate autologous T-cell proliferation, and this observation appears to explain the cellular basis of the impaired autologous MLR in infection. Two explanations for the B-cell defect were considered: (a) the influence of serum factors on B-cell function and (b) the effect of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Captopril-Associated Cholestatic Jaundice
Authors: JAVED RAHMAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Captopril, the competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, is of considerable benefit in difficult-to-manage forms of hypertension. Its use has been associated with various untoward effects, but hepatic injury has not been widely reported. We treated a patient with captopril-associated cholestatic jaundice; a review of cases reported to the drug manufacturer and a review of the literature showed 13 additional cases of hepatic injury associated with captopril. In 9 of these the jaundice was categorized as cholestatic, and in 4 of the remaining 5 as mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular. These findings show that jaundice may be an idiosyncratic side effect of captopril, and that captopril-associated jaundice characteristically has strongly cholestatic features.
Pulmonary vascular disease in mice xenografted with human BM progenitors from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Kewal Asosingh, Samar Farha, Alan Lichtin, Brian Graham, Deepa George, Micheala Aldred, Stanley L. Hazen, James Loyd, Rubin Tuder, Serpil C. Erzurum
Journal: Blood (2012)
Desmin Mutation Responsible for Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Duanxiang Li, Terry Tapscoft, Oscar Gonzalez, Paula E. Burch, Miguel A. Quiñones, William A. Zoghbi, Rita Hill, Linda L. Bachinski, Douglas L. Mann, Robert Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, of which ≈20% of cases are familial (FDCM), is a primary myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. It is a common cause of heart failure and the need for cardiac transplantation. Although 6 chromosomal loci responsible for autosomal dominant FDCM have been mapped by linkage analysis, none of these genes have been identified. By use of the candidate-gene approach, actin was identified recently as being responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy. Considerable evidence suggests desmin, a muscle-specific intermediate filament, plays a significant role in cardiac growth and development. Methods and Results —To determine whether a defect of desmin induces dilated cardiomyopathy, 44 probands with FDCM underwent clinical evaluation and DNA analysis. Diagnostic criteria, detected by echocardiography, consisted of ventricular dimension of ≥2.7 cm/m 2 with an ejection fraction ≤50% in the absence of other potential causes. After amplification by polymerase chain reaction, the exons of the desmin gene were sequenced. A missense desmin mutation, Ile451Met, which cosegregates with FDCM without clinically evident skeletal muscle abnormalities, was identified in a 4-generation family but was not detected in 460 unrelated healthy individuals. Conclusions —A novel missense mutation of desmin, Ile451Met, was identified as the genetic cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This finding is of particular significance because this is the first mutation detected in the desmin tail domain, and the function of the desmin tail remains unknown. Because this mutation leads to a restricted cardiac phenotype in the family studied in the present report, it suggests that the tail of desmin plays an important functional role in cardiac tissue.
On Pelvi-Uterine Mensuration, by Means of Combined Sounds
Authors: J. H. Aveling
Journal: BMJ (1867)

weeks in the Northampton Infirmary, with considerable, though tem.poray, benefit.A boy in a western county, whom I knew many years ago, suffering from pomgo favosa of the scalp, having exhausted the medical skill of the local infirmary and of the local surgeons, was sub.mitted, by a vote of the board of guardians, as a dkrnkler ressort, to a female 9uack, wAhose fee was three pounds!Whether it was "no cure no pay', I caninlot, after this lapse of time, recall.At all events, thc lady was niot niore successful than her predecessors.My patient, a young woman, aged about 20, and belonging to thle lowest class; came under my care in the Bedford Workhouse in No- vember 1866.'The disease then covered all the space which you see has been denutle(d of hair, nearly three-fourths of the scall, with the excep- tion of a portion of skin on the summit of the head.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Associated With Significant Changes in Collagen Type I/III ratio
Authors: Matthias Pauschinger, Dagmar Knopf, Simone Petschauer, Andrea Doerner, Wolfgang Poller, Peter L. Schwimmbeck, Uwe Kühl, Heinz-P. Schultheiss
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —It is controversial whether myocardial fibrosis in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with altered collagen type I/type III (Col I/Col III) ratio. Methods and Results —Patients with DCM (ejection fraction [EF] &lt;50%, n=12) and with mild global left ventricular dysfunction (EF &gt;50%, n=18) were examined. Col I, Col III, and transforming growth factors-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) and -β 2 (TGF-β 2 ) gene expression in endomyocardial biopsies was evaluated by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Collagen content was quantified after picrosirius red and immunohistological staining and by hydroxyproline assay. In patients with EF &lt;50%, there was a pronounced 2- to 6-fold increase of myocardial Col I mRNA abundance ( P &lt;0.01), with a corresponding 1.6-fold increase at the protein level versus that found in patients with EF &gt;50%. The Col III mRNA abundance showed a 2.0-fold increase ( P &lt;0.04). There was a relevant shift in the Col I/Col III mRNA ratio for DCM patients (Col I/Col III, 8.2) compared with patients with an EF &gt;50% (Col I/Col III, 6.4). In addition, total collagen content was increased in patients with EF &lt;50% (n=3) (4.3±0.1%) compared with patients with EF &gt;50% (n=8) (2.7±0.9%) ( P &lt;0.004). The biochemically determined ratio of hydroxyproline/total protein (n=12) was correlated to the Col I mRNA abundance ( P &lt;0.05, r =0.77). TGF-β 1 and TGF-β 2 showed elevated myocardial mRNA abundances (1- to 7-fold and 4- to 5-fold, respectively) in DCM patients. Conclusions —Differential increase of Col I and Col III leads to an increased Col I/Col III ratio in DCM myocardium. Because Col I provides substantial tensile strength and stiffness, this may contribute to systolic and in particular diastolic dysfunction in DCM.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer in Nonsmoking Women
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The ongoing multicenter study by Fontham et al<sup>1</sup>of lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which was updated in the June 8, 1994, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, is an impressive piece of work. The trend is clear: passive exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk. But I fear the authors dilute that point by incorporating too many tenuous variables in their statistical analyses. They acknowledge the problem of such factors as childhood recall of exposure and make attempts to control for it, but seem unwilling to admit that these and other data (eg, social exposure) are essentially not quantifiable by present methods. Inclusion of all these variables therefore led to a few implausible outcomes, which could give a window of solace to those who would defend ETS. The most implausible conclusion was that "[t]he excess risk of lung cancer among women
BAFF/BLyS Receptor 3 Binds the B Cell Survival Factor BAFF Ligand through a Discrete Surface Loop and Promotes Processing of NF-κB2
Authors: Nobuhiko Kayagaki, Minhong Yan, Dhaya Seshasayee, Hua Wang, Wyne Lee, Dorothy M. French, Iqbal S. Grewal, Andrea G. Cochran, Nathaniel C. Gordon, JianPing Yin, Melissa A. Starovasnik, Vishva M. Dixit
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Correlation of Clinical and Hemodynamic Findings in Patients with Systemic Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: JOSEPH J. MUENSTER, JOHN S. GRAETTINGER, JAMES A. CAMPBELL
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Although studies of the pathologic physiology of arteriovenous fistula have been reported, the circulatory responses to exercise and the nature of the syndrome resembling congestive heart failure have not been elucidated.
Statistical problems in epidemiologic studies of the natural history of disease.
Authors: R Brookmeyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The development of effective disease prevention and treatment programs depends on an understanding of the natural history of disease. A conceptual framework is presented for disease natural history and consists of an asymptomatic period of disease followed by a period of symptomatic disease. The focus is on epidemiologic studies for identifying risk factors of the onset of asymptomatic disease, for identifying cofactors of progression to symptomatic disease, and for estimating the duration of the asymptomatic period. The strengths and limitations of various epidemiologic study designs and sources of epidemiologic data are considered for characterizing disease natural history. Issues in the interpretation and analysis of natural history parameters of disease estimated from cross-sectional, prevalent cohort, cohort, and matched case-control studies are considered. The issues and analytic methods are illustrated with studies of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cervical cancer. Based on these analytic methods, an estimate of the incubation period distribution of AIDS is given.
Multispectral Imaging Autofluorescence Microscopy in Colonic and Gastric Cancer Metastatic Lymph Nodes
Authors: Desiree Pantalone, Francesco Andreoli, Franco Fusi, Venere Basile, Giovanni Romano, GianMario Giustozzi, Luigi Rigacci, Renato Alterini, Monica Monici
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Monitoring populations for DNA repair deficiency and for cancer susceptibility.
Authors: W W Au, G S Wilkinson, S K Tyring, M S Legator, R el Zein, L Hallberg, M Y Heo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The induction of a mutator phenotype has been hypothesized to cause the accumulation of multiple mutations in the development of cancer. Recent evidence suggests that the mutator phenotype is associated with DNA repair deficiencies. We have been using a challenge assay to study exposed populations to test our hypothesis that exposure to environmental toxicants induce DNA repair deficiency in somatic cells. In this assay, lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro to challenge cells to repair the radiation-induction DNA strand breaks. An increase of chromosome aberrations in the challenged cells from toxicant-exposed populations compared to nonexposed populations is used to indicate abnormal DNA repair response. From studies of cigarette smokers, butadiene-exposed workers, and uranium-exposed residents, the assay showed that these exposed populations had mutagen-induced abnormal DNA repair response. The phenomenon was also demonstrated using experimental animals. Mice were exposed in vivo to two different doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) and their lymphocytes were challenged with one dose of a radiomimetic chemical, bleomycin, in vitro. These challenged lymphocytes showed an MNNG dose-dependent increase of abnormal DNA repair response. In a population that was potentially exposed to teratogens--mothers having children with neural tube defects--lymphocytes from these mothers did not have the abnormal response in our assay. In studies with patients, we reported that lymphocytes from Down's syndrome patients have the abnormal DNA repair response. Lymphocytes from skin cancer-prone patients (epidermodysplasia verruciformis) have normal response to gamma-ray challenge but abnormal response to UV-light challenge. These patient studies also indicate that the challenge assay is useful in documenting the radiosensitivity of Down's syndrome and the UV sensitivity in EV patients. In most cases, the challenge assay is more sensitive in detecting biological effects than the standard chromosome aberration assay. Our series of studies indicates that the challenge assay can be used to document biological effects from exposure to mutagens and that the effect is an abnormal DNA repair response. This abnormality can increase the risk for development of cancer. The repair deficiency is currently being validated using a plasmid transfection (host-reactivation) assay. The need to integrate chromosome aberration and the challenge assays with other relevant assays for better documentation of biological effects and for more precise prediction of health risk will be presented. Our experience in using genetic polymorphism and host-reactivation assays will be discussed.
Diagnostic Imaging of Choledochal Cysts
Authors: FRED A. METTLER, JEFFREY D. WICKS, C KENNETH REQUARD, JAMES H. CHRISTIE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

A review of the literature concerning the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities for choledochal cysts indicates that both ultrasound and scintigraphic methods have approximately 80% accuracy. Oral cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography methods have between 60 and 80% accuracy. Ultrasound is recommended as the initial preoperative test of choice, with hepatobiliary scintigraphy or CT scanning being most useful for postoperative evaluation.
The History of Surgery in the United States 1775-1900, vol 2: Periodicals and Pamphlets
Authors: William G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Dr Ira Rutkow early in his career developed an abiding interest in the history and evolution of surgery, which later became focused more particularly on early American surgery. He was initially frustrated and disappointed by the apparent lack of adequate histories. Those available were frequently regurgitations of previously stated opinions, without the authors' seeking out original work for confirmation, too often leading to repetition of errors. This became the genesis of his desire to produce an authoritative and definitive history of surgery in the United States from 1775 to 1900. Volume 1, published in 1988, was an annotated bibliography of all published surgical texts in this time frame written by US surgeons. Volume 2 continues the same exhaustive, annotated format in reviewing America's early periodical and pamphlet surgical literature, then as now the principal means of communicating surgical observations and discoveries. Some idea of the enormity of the task can
Subcutaneous Insulin Absorption Explained by Insulin's Physicochemical Properties: Evidence From Absorption Studies of Soluble Human Insulin and Insulin Analogues in Humans
Authors: Steven Kang, Jens Brange, Anna Burch, Aage Vølund, David R Owens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To study the influence of molecular aggregation on rates of subcutaneous insulin absorption and to attempt to elucidate the mechanism of absorption of conventional soluble human insulin in humans. Research Design and Methods Seven healthy male volunteers aged 22-43 yr and not receiving any drugs comprised the study. This study consisted of a single-blind randomized comparison of equimolar dosages of 125I-labeled forms of soluble hexameric 2 Zn2+ human insulin and human insulin analogues with differing association states at pharmaceutical concentrations (AspB10, dimeric; AspB28, mixture of monomers and dimers; AspB9, GluB27, monomeric). After an overnight fast and a basal period of 1 h, 0.6 nmol/kg of either 125I-labeled human soluble insulin (Actrapid HM U-100) or 125I-labeled analogue was injected subcutaneously on 4 separate days 1 wk apart. Absorption was assessed by measurement of residual radioactivity at the injection site by external γ-counting. Results The mean ± SE initial fractional disappearance rates for the four preparations were 20.7 ± 1.9 (hexameric soluble human insulin), 44.4 ± 2.5 (dimeric analogue AspB10), 50.6 ± 3.9 (analogue AspB28), and 67.4 ± 7.4%/h (monomeric analogue AspB9, GluB27). Absorption of the dimeric analogue was significantly faster than that of hexameric human insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.001); absorption of monomeric insulin analogue AspB9, GluB27 was significantly faster than that of dimeric analogue AspB10 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). There was an inverse linear correlation between association state and the initial fractional disappearance rates (r = −0.98, P &amp;lt; 0.02). Analysis of the disappearance data on a log linear scale showed that only the monomeric analogue had a monoexponential course throughout. Two phases in the rates of absorption were identified for the dimer and three for hexameric human insulin. The fractional disappearance rates (%/h) calculated by log linear regression analysis were monomer 73.3 ± 6.8; dimer 44.4 ± 2.5 from 0 to 2 h and 68.9 ± 3.5 from 2.5 h onward; and hexameric insulin 20.7 ± 1.9 from 0 to 2 h, 45.6 ± 5.0 from 2.5 to 5 h, and 70.6 ± 6.3 from 5 h onward. Conclusions Association state is a major determinant of rates of absorption of insulin and insulin analogues. The lag phase and the subsequent increasing rate of subcutaneous soluble insulin absorption can be explained by the associated state of native insulin in pharmaceutical formulation and its progressive dissociation into smaller units during the absorption process.
Repression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by the Runt-Related Transcription Factor 1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Arja ter Elst, Bin Ma, Frank J.G. Scherpen, Hendrik J.M. de Jonge, Jenny Douwes, Albertus T.J. Wierenga, Jan Jacob Schuringa, Willem A. Kamps, Eveline S.J.M. de Bont
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

VEGFA is considered one of the most important regulators of tumor-associated angiogenesis in cancer. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) VEGFA is an independent prognostic factor for reduced overall and relapse-free survival. Transcriptional activation of the VEGFA promoter, a core mechanism for VEGFA regulation, has not been fully elucidated. We found a significant (P < 0.0001) inverse correlation between expression of VEGFA and AML1/RUNX1 in a large set of gene expression array data. Strikingly, highest VEGFA levels were demonstrated in AML blasts containing a t(8;21) translocation, which involves the AML1/RUNX1 protein (AML1/ETO). Overexpression of AML1/RUNX1 led to downregulation of VEGFA expression, whereas blocking of AML1/RUNX1 with siRNAs resulted in increased VEGFA expression. Cotransfection of AML1/RUNX1 and VEGFA promoter luciferase promoter constructs resulted in a decrease in VEGFA promoter activity. ChIP analysis shows a direct binding of AML1/RUNX1 to the promoter of VEGFA on three AML1/RUNX1 binding sites. Silencing of AML1/ETO caused a decrease in VEGFA mRNA expression and a decrease in secreted VEGFA protein levels in AML1/ETO-positive Kasumi-1 cells. Taken together, these data pinpoint to a model whereby in normal cells AML1/RUNX1 acts as a repressor for VEGFA, while in AML cells VEGFA expression is upregulated due to AML1/RUNX1 aberrations, for example, AML1/ETO. In conclusion, these observations give insight in the regulation of VEGFA at the mRNA level in AML.