tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intralesional triamcinolone for chondrodermatitis nodularis: a follow-up study of 60 patients
Authors: N.H. Cox, P.F. Denham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Intralesional triamcinolone for chondrodermatitis nodularis: a follow‐up study of 60 patients Get access N.H. Cox, N.H. Cox Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K. E‐mail: Neil.Cox@ncumbria‐acute.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.F. Denham P.F. Denham Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K. E‐mail: Neil.Cox@ncumbria‐acute.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 4, 1 April 2002, Pages 712–713, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.47047.x Published: 01 April 2002
IL-2 therapy expands intrarenal FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and decreases the number of infiltrating CD4+T cell in murine lupus nephritis
Authors: A Rose, R Undeutsch, L Kloke, G Riemekasten, J Y Humrich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by an acquired IL-2 deficiency, which leads to a homeostatic imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells. Recently, the authors have shown that compensation of the IL-2 deficiency in diseased lupus mice by treatment with recombinant IL-2 (IL-2) ameliorates already established disease by promoting the homeostatic proliferation of regulatory T cell (Treg) in the lymphoid organs.1 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of IL-2 therapy on intrarenal Foxp3+Treg and kidney infiltrating CD4+T cells in (NZBxNZW) F1 mouse model of lupus nephritis. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> (NZBxNZW) F1 mice with active nephritis were treated with recombinant IL-2 either over a short period of 24 h or over a long period of 20 days with PBS as control. Absolute numbers, phenotype and proliferation of kidney infiltrating CD4+T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Cellular infiltrates were also visualised by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> Short term IL-2 treated (NZBxNZW) F1 mice resulted in an increase in numbers and frequency of CD4+Foxp3+Treg and strongly enhanced the proliferation of Foxp3+Treg compared to PBS treated control mice. In contrast, the long term IL-2 treatment over a period of 20 days did not result in a persistent expansion of the intrarenal Foxp3+Treg population. However, total numbers of kidney infiltrating CD4+Tcon were reduced in long term treated mice. In addition these CD4+Tcon showed reduced signs of cellular activation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, the authors found that short term IL-2 treatment is capable to expand the size of the intrarenal Treg pool. On the other hand, long term IL-2 treatment diminishes the numbers of kidney infiltrating CD4+Tcon. These findings underline the important role of intrarenal Treg for the suppression of kidney disease in lupus mice and may in part explain the delay of disease progression induced by treatment with IL-2. Furthermore, these data provide additional rationales for an IL-2 based immunotherapy of human disease.
False-Negative Bone Scans
Authors: Ralph J. Gorten
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Evaluation of Bone Pain in Carcinoma of the Lung: Role of the Localized False-Negative Scan" by Covelli et al (1980; 244:2625) describes finding gross tumor in vertebral bodies on postmortem examination in ten of 43 patients, all of whom had bone scans and roentgenograms with normal vertebral area interpretations. Because of this high false-negative rate (23%), the authors concluded that radiation therapy should be considered for patients with back pain and carcinoma of the lung, despite normal vertebral bone scans and roentgenograms. However, radiation therapy is not devoid of risks, and back pain is fairly common and has numerous benign causes, even in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Therefore, the bone scan is often used to help decide whether to administer radiation therapy to symptomatic vertebral or pelvic regions. Confidence in this technique is based not only on the high sensitivity of bone scans but also
STUDIES OF LUNG VOLUME. I
Authors: Christen Lundsgaard, Donald D. Van Slyke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

On page 65, Vol. XXVII, No. 1, January 1, 1918, the last two sentences of the second paragraph should read: The difference between the total capacity and the middle capacity (all that can be breathed in after a half expiration) is called the complementary air.2 The difference between middle capacity and residual air (all that can be breathed out after a half expiration) is called the reserve air.
Acetylenes and fatty acids from Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Yueping Jiang, Yufeng Liu, Qinglan Guo, Zhibo Jiang, Chengbo Xu, Chenggen Zhu, Yongchun Yang, Sheng Lin, Jiangong Shi
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Four new acetylenes (1-4) and one new unsaturated ω-hydroxy fatty acid (5), together with 5 known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous extract of Codonopsis pilosula roots. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The new acetylenes are categorized as an unusual cyclotetradecatrienynone (1), tetradecenynetriol (2), and rare octenynoic acids (3 and 4), respectively, and 3 and 4 are possibly derived from oxidative metabolic degradation of 1 and/or 2. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectrum with the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of stereoisomers based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory, while the configuration of 2 was assigned by using modified Mosher׳s method based on the MPA determination rule of Δδ RS values for diols.
Drug Use in the Nursing Home
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Some of the most intensive pharmacotherapy today occurs in nursing homes in very complex and vulnerable patients. The nursing home provides an opportunity for highly effective drug use, but it also presents risks for polypharmacy and adverse events. Nursing homes are complex social institutions, in which physicians, nurses, consultant pharmacists, other health care professionals, aides, and administrators must interact to make decisions about drug use for patients who generally are frail and have numerous comorbid conditions. Federal regulations have recently been implemented to direct the ways in which specific drugs are to be used in this setting. The nursing home environment can present an ideal opportunity for comprehensive drug regimen review, an exercise too often neglected in the care of elderly patients in all clinical settings. Psychoactive medications, analgesics, and laxatives are examples of drugs that should receive such review. The possible underuse of drug therapies that may be beneficial to nursing home residents, including antidepressant, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic agents; calcium supplements; and vaccines, must be further quantified and must receive increased attention. Morbidity and functional incapacity can be substantially reduced by applying currently established principles of geriatric pharmacology in the nursing home setting, but enormous gaps still exist in the knowledge base necessary to guide this aspect of geriatric medical practice. Data on the efficacy, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapeutic choices in nursing home patients are in short supply; considerably more clinical and epidemiologic research is needed to define the relations between the benefits and risks of drugs for this unique population.
Bill to abolish patients' forums criticised as “disgraceful”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A UK government bill to reform the way patients and the public participate in decisions about local health services had its second reading this week in parliament, where it faces opposition from the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. 

The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill will abolish patients' forums and replace them with local involvement networks (LINks). It will also modify the duty to consult the public about changes in health service provision. 

In the place of patients' forums, local authorities will be put under a duty to make contractual arrangements for the involvement of people in the commissioning, provision, and scrutiny of health services and social services. 

LINks will cover social care services as well as health, will be established for a geographical area, and will …
Bicyclist's Nipples
Authors: Blake Powell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bicyclists are likely to suffer from a number of maladies, including dysuria,<sup>1</sup>numb penises,<sup>2</sup>and more. During cool or cold weather, another problem, bicyclist's nipples, may occur. This condition is similar to jogger's nipples,<sup>3</sup>but it is primarily a thermal injury instead of an irritation secondary to friction, as with the jogger's complaint. Often the rider is out in the cold weather for some time, and his or her undershirt, jersey, and jacket can become moist from perspiration. Evaporation and the chill of the wind lower the temperature of the nipples. They get downright cold, and they hurt. The pain continues after the ride is over. Indeed, it can continue for several days. The nipples are sore, sensitive to both temperature change and touch. Another ride while the condition is present can be extremely uncomfortable. Treatment consists of the passage of time and the
A randomized, controlled crossover trial of ondansetron in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and fatigue
Authors: Jeremy J. Theal, Mohssen N. Toosi, Larisa Girlan, Ronald J. Heslegrave, Pierre‐Michel Huet, Kelly W. Burak, Mark Swain, George A. Tomlinson, E. Jenny Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Fatigue is common in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Altered central serotonergic neurotransmission may be involved in its pathogenesis. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial evaluated the efficacy of ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor subtype antagonist, for treating fatigue in PBC. A crossover design was chosen, allowing subjects to serve as their own controls—appropriate to evaluate fatigue, a subjective symptom. Sixty patients with clinically stable PBC, a Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) > 4, and no other identifiable cause for fatigue were enrolled. Subjects were randomized to receive ondansetron (4 mg) or placebo orally 3 times daily for 4 weeks (period 1). Subjects then crossed over, after a minimum 1-week washout period, for a further 4 weeks of ondansetron or placebo (period 2). Fatigue was measured at the beginning and end of each period by using the FSS and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Six patients withdrew; the remaining 54 subjects had a mean baseline FSS of 5.55 (±0.1). Response to study medication in period 1 versus period 2 was not uniform; thus, it was necessary to analyze the trial periods separately. In period 1, there was no significant additional fatigue reduction on ondansetron over placebo. During period 2, FSS and FIS decreased significantly on ondansetron versus placebo (P = .001). However, period 2 results were invalidated because drug side effects unblinded subjects (constipation affected 63.0% of patients taking ondansetron, versus 13.3% on placebo). In conclusion, ondansetron administration did not confer clinically significant fatigue reduction when compared with placebo in our study population. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1305–1312.)
Certifying incapacity for work
Authors: M. Aylward
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The item in Medicopolitical Digest concerning proposed changes to the certification of medical incapacity for work may mislead doctors about the changes that have been proposed for the introduction of incapacity benefit next April.1 Ministers announced last year that, as part of the changes, the role of general practitioners as gatekeepers to long term incapacity benefits would be greatly reduced. Entitlement to incapacity benefit after the first six months of incapacity will be determined by the application of a new “all work” test. Once this test has been applied general …
Early-Life Exposures and Early-Onset Uterine Leiomyomata in Black Women in the Sister Study
Authors: Aimee A. D’Aloisio, Donna D. Baird, Lisa A. DeRoo, Dale P. Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are hormonally responsive tumors, but little is known about risk factors. Early-life exposures may influence uterine development and subsequent response to hormones in adulthood. An earlier analysis of non-Hispanic white women who participated in the Sister Study found associations between several early-life factors and early-onset fibroids.We evaluated associations of early-life and childhood exposures with early-onset fibroids among black women and compared the results with those found among white women.We analyzed baseline data from 3,534 black women, 35-59 years of age, in the Sister Study (a nationwide cohort of women who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer) who self-reported information on early-life and childhood exposures. Early-onset fibroids were assessed based on self-report of a physician diagnosis of fibroids by the age of 30 years (n = 561). We estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from log-binomial regression models.Factors most strongly associated with early-onset fibroids were in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES; RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.18), maternal prepregnancy diabetes or gestational diabetes (RR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.95, 2.49), and monozygotic multiple birth (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.99). We also found positive associations with having been taller or thinner than peers at the age of 10 years and with early-life factors that included being the firstborn child of a teenage mother, maternal hypertensive disorder, preterm birth, and having been fed soy formula.With the exception of monozygotic multiple birth and maternal hypertensive disorder, early-life risk factors for early-onset fibroids for black women were similar to those found for white women. However, in contrast to whites, childhood height and weight, but not low socioeconomic status indicators, were associated with early-onset fibroids in blacks. The general consistency of early-life findings for black and white women supports a possible role of early-life factors in fibroid development.
Reliability of an isokinetic endurance task
Authors: P R Hayes, E Cockburn, K Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of an isokinetic endurance task. After habituation, 10 physically active males completed three trials of an isokinetic endurance task on nonconsecutive days. The task was performed on a Cybex Norm dynamometer. It consisted of 30 maximal, concentric and eccentric, contractions of the hip extensors at 180°/s. Reliability was assessed through technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, group coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation (ICC). During eccentric actions both average power per repetition (APR) and work done (WD) showed very good reliability. For APR the group coefficient of variation was 8.0% and the ICC was 0.93. The TEM and relative were 28.9 W and 16.3%, respectively. For WD these values were 5.6%, 0.94%, 451% and 12.4% J, respectively. By contrast, fatigue index (FI) demonstrated poor reliability with TEM, group coefficient of variation and ICC values of 16.2%, 26.1% and 0.32%, respectively. The reliability from the concentric actions demonstrated more variable results. The group coefficient of variation was low for both APR (5.9%) and WD (5.3%), however, the ICC values were lower than for eccentric actions with a score of 0.85 for both APR and WD. Once again FI demonstrated low reliability with a TEM, group coefficient of variation of 12.8%, 28.3% and ICC of 0.72%. The reliability of the hip extensors, both concentrically and eccentrically, depended on the dependent variable measured. FI showed poor reliability, while WD showed high reliability.
Prolonged Myocardial Hibernation Exacerbates Cardiomyocyte Degeneration and Impairs Recovery of Function After Revascularization
Authors: Ernst R Schwarz, Friedrich A Schoendube, Sawa Kostin, Nicole Schmiedtke, Gernot Schulz, Udalrich Buell, Bruno J Messmer, John Morrison, Peter Hanrath, Juergen vom Dahl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Muir-Torre syndrome: Case report of a patient with concurrent jejunal and ureteral cancer and a review of the literature
Authors: Saad Akhtar, Krishna K. Oza, Seema A. Khan, Jonathan Wright
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)

Muir-Torre syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, first described in 1967, characterized by the presence of sebaceous tumors and an internal malignancy in the absence of other predisposing factors.Our purpose was to review and update published literature on Muir-Torre syndrome.We describe a 66-year-old white man with a history of sebaceous tumors and newly diagnosed transitional cell cancer of the right ureter and adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. The literature on Muir-Torre syndrome is reviewed by means of MEDLINE search and available published reports and updated.Only 205 cases of Muir-Torre syndrome with 399 internal malignancies have been reported. The common presentation is the presence of sebaceous tumors along with a low-grade visceral malignancy. Sebaceous tumors appeared before the internal malignancy in 45 cases (22%), concurrently in 12 (6%), and after the internal malignancy in 114 (56%). In 33 (16%) of 205 patients, a temporal relationship was not reported. The total number of sebaceous gland carcinomas reported is 44; 17 of 44 were neoplasms of the meibomian gland. Keratoacanthomas have been noted in 48 (23%) of 205 patients. Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common internal malignancies (61%), followed by genitourinary (22%).The presence of sebaceous tumors warrants a search for an internal malignancy. In patients with Muir-Torre syndrome, regular follow-up and search for new malignancy is mandatory. Evaluation and monitoring of the family members of patients are also necessary. Patients and their families should be counseled for genetic testing. Genetic analysis of the primary tumor and skin lesions should be arranged as an added research tool if possible to better understand the disease.
Therapeutic Options for Variant Renal Cancer
Authors: Walter M. Stadler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Variant or nonclear cell renal cell cancer is a rare disease constituting only approximately 5% to 8% of the metastatic renal cell cancer population. Pathological criteria for the three main variant subtypes, papillary, chromophobe, and collecting duct, have been specified. Nonetheless, there may be subtypes within these variants, many poorly differentiated tumors cannot be reliably classified, and expertise in recognizing specific subtypes is not widespread. Expression analysis and other molecular techniques are beginning to clarify and standardize the pathological classification scheme. Because these classifications are relatively new and the number of patients with any one subtype is limited, little is known about appropriate therapies for patients with metastatic disease. Retrospective series strongly suggest that immunotherapy is not effective in any nonclear cell subtype. Case reports suggest that cytotoxic chemotherapy used for transitional cell cancers may be helpful in patients with collecting duct cancers. A central registry of patients with variant renal cell cancer should be created in which response to various therapies is recorded. Such a registry could provide support for a more formal multi-institutional study investigating a specific drug or regimen.
TNF-α-secreting monocytes are recruited into the brain of cholestatic mice
Authors: Steven M. Kerfoot, Charlotte D'Mello, Henry Nguyen, Maureen N. Ajuebor, Paul Kubes, Tai Le, Mark G. Swain
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Signaling occurs between the liver and brain in cholestatic liver disease, giving rise to sickness behaviors such as fatigue. However, the signaling pathways involved are poorly defined. Circulating inflammatory mediator levels are increased in cholestasis, leading to speculation that they may be capable of activating circulating immune cells that subsequently could gain access to the brain. Indeed, we have identified that at day 10 after bile duct resection-induced cholestasis, there is activation of circulating monocytes that express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in conjunction with increased expression of adhesion molecules by cerebral endothelium. Moreover, using intravital microscopy, we have identified markedly enhanced leukocytes rolling along cerebral endothelial cells, mediated by P-selectin, in bile duct-resected (BDR) but not control mice. In addition, we have identified increased infiltration of monocytes (but not lymphocytes) into the brains of BDR mice and found that these infiltrating monocytes produce TNF-alpha. Furthermore, infiltration of TNF-alpha-secreting monocytes into the brains of cholestatic mice is associated with a broad activation of resident brain macrophages to produce TNF-alpha. In conclusion, cholestasis is associated with an activation of cerebral endothelium that recruits TNF-alpha-producing monocytes into the brain. We hypothesize that enhanced TNF-alpha release within the brain may contribute to the development of cholestasis-associated sickness behaviors, including fatigue.
Vesnarinone inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in J774 macrophages and rat cardiac myocytes in culture
Authors: Y. Hattori, S. So, S. Hattori, K. Kasai, S.-I. Shimoda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: We investigated whether vesnarinone alters the induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or in combination with interferon-γ in cultured J774 macrophages and rat cardiac myocytes. Methods: The induction of NO synthesis was determined by measuring the stable end-product nitrite. The cytotoxic effect of vesnarinone was assessed by measuring cell respiration. Any change in mRNA levels for NO synthase (NOS) was determined by RT-PCR. Results: Stimulation by LPS or in combination with interferon-γ increased the accumulation of nitrite in the supernatant of J774 macrophages or cardiac myocytes. NOS induction accounted for this accumulation of nitrite, as dexamethasone. NG-methyl-l-arginine, and cycloheximide each reduced the production of nitrite in both types of cells. Vesnarinone produced a significant decline in the cumulative production of nitrite in both types of cells without evidence of cytotoxicity. However, the addition of vesnarinone after induction of NOS did not inhibit nitrite production. Treatment with LPS or in combination with interferon-γ led to a significant expression of NOS mRNA in both types of cells that was significantly reduced by vesnarinone. Conclusions: Vesnarinone inhibited NO synthesis by inhibiting the induction of NOS in J774 macrophages and cardiac myocytes. This drug may exert a beneficial effect in patients with heart failure, in part, by attenuating the production of NO.