tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A morphological study of the liver and gallbladder in hemolysis-induced gallstone disease in mice
Authors: Bruce W. Trotman, Michael B. Bongiovanni, Marc J. Kahn, Seldon E. Bernstein
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The nb / nb mouse with a hereditary hemolytic anemia is an animal model of hemolysis–induced gallstone disease. These anemic mice have hepatomegaly and form calcium bilirubinate gallstones. We undertook this study to: (a) examine the histopathology of the liver and gallbladder in nb / nb mice and (b) assess the influence of hemolysis per se on liver and gallbladder histology by transplanting nb / nb bone marrow into another genotype W / W v . Livers and gallbladders obtained from male nb / nb and control mice of similar age were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Gallbladders were also stained with alcian blue (pH 2) and periodic acid–Schiff for acidic and neutral glycoproteins, respectively. Volume densities of the extralobular (blood vessels) and lobular (hepatocytic and sinusoidal) components of the liver and glands of the gallbladder neck were determined by standard morphometric techniques. The liver mass of nb / nb mice was 25% greater than that of control mice (1.79 ± 0.26 S.D. gm vs. 1.43 ± 0.23, p &lt; 0.001). The actual hepatocytic mass of nb / nb and control mice was similar (1.35 ± 0.19 gm vs. 1.26 ± 0.21, p &gt; 0.05). However, the sinusoidal compartment, representing extramedullary hematopoiesis, was three times greater in nb / nb than in control livers (0.40 ± 0.13 gm vs. 0.13 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.001). Overall, glandular concretions within the gallbladders were present at least twice as often in nb / nb than in control mice (p &lt; 0.02). Bile pigment concretions occurred in only nb / nb gallbladders and were present three times more frequently in those with luminal gallstones (81%) than in those without stones (25%) (p &lt; 0.02). The glandular density of nb / nb gallbladders was higher than that of control gallbladders (16 ± 21%, p &lt; 0.02), and nb / nb gallbladders with luminal gallstones had a higher glandular density than nb / nb gallbladders without stones (88 ± 8% vs. 37 ± 20%, p &lt; 0.05). Eight months after transplantation, recipient W / W v mice had not developed gallstones but had marked hepatomegaly with a disproportionate increase in the sinusoidal compartment (27.4 ± 4.9%) compared with control W / W v mice (9.90 ± 2.0%, p &lt; 0.001). The glandular concretions and density in transplanted and control W / W v gallbladders were similar. These data indicate that: (a) the hepatomegaly of nb / nb mice is due to extramedullary hematopoiesis while the morphological mass of hepatocytes is similar in control and nb / nb mice; (b) bile pigment concretions within nb / nb gallbladders precede luminal calcium bilirubinate stone formation; (c) glandular hyperplasia is a secondary event in hemolysis–induced gallstone disease, and (d) the hemolytic anemia is responsible for the hepatomegaly and gallstone formation, but the genotype determines the glandular density and concretions within the gallbladder prior to luminal gallstone formation.
The Effect of Volatile L-Cyclohexyl-2-Methylaminopropane (Benzedrex Inhaler) on Patients with Coronary Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Joshua B. Burnett, Sven M. Gundersen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THIS paper is a report on a controlled study of the effects of a new sympathomimetic drug on patients with coronary arteriosclerosis. The drug, l-cyclohexyl-2-methylaminopropane, is used commercially in a volatile form in an inhaler ("Benzedrex" inhaler) for its vasoconstrictive and detumescent effect on the nasal mucous membrane. By using excessive inhalation doses we have tried to bring out any of its deleterious side-effects on the cardiovascular system of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease in order to determine whether or not they could safely use the inhaler in the treatment of upper-respiratory infections.In 1939 Peters and Faulkner1 tested a . . .
THE WINDOW RESECTION OPERATIONFOR THE CORRECTION OF DEFLECTIONS OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: OTTO T. FREER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Since publishing my first paper on this subject in March, 1902,<sup>1</sup>I have added 36 operations to the 15 reported at that time, making a total of 51.<sup>2</sup>Of these patients, 31 were young adults, 10 people of middle age and 10 from 12 to 17 years old. There were 43 men and 8 women. In 25 cases the deviation was in the left naris, in 23 in the right, and in 3 in both, the deflection being sigmoid anteroposteriorly; 7 deviations followed the entire septum from the tip of the cartilage almost to the posterior border of the vomer; 19 deflections were purely cartilaginous; 28 required removal of both bone and cartilage; 4 were entirely or mainly bony; 23 were of even normal thickness, while 4 were evenly thin, the cartilage being as thin as a visiting card; 12 had a thick bony base, which projected upward and usually
Doctors should speak out on climate change, expert says
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors and health workers have a duty to draw attention to climate change and try to change people's behaviour to avert disaster, an expert on the issue told a conference in Chicago last week.

Anthony McMichael, director of the National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health at the Australian National University, Canberra, said that doctors had a particular responsibility because they had influence and because the health sector would have to deal with some of the worst effects of climate change.

Addressing the annual interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy in Chicago, Dr McMichael acknowledged that 5-10 years ago the topic would not have been on the agenda, “but the evidence is accruing rather more rapidly than we would have anticipated.”

Speaking to the BMJ he said that the medical profession was still held in high regard and had influence. He pointed to its leadership on the nuclear disarmament debate decades ago as an example of what …
Enhanced Micronucleus Formation and Modulation of Bcl-2:Bax in MCF-7 Cells after Exposure to Binary Mixtures
Authors: Rebecca Hewitt, Albert Forero, Paz J. Luncsford, Francis L. Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundWithin mixtures, interactions between different xenobiotics may occur to give rise to additive, synergistic, inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects in target cells. The role that xenobiotics individually or in mixtures, and at environmental concentrations, play in the etiology of common human diseases often remains obscure.MethodsIn the presence or absence of lindane, chromosomal aberrations were detected in MCF-7 cells after 24-hr treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Micronuclei were scored in 1,000 binucleate cells/treatment. We investigated intracellular responses using quantitative gene expression analyses of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [CDKN1A (P21WAF1/CIP1)], B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2–associated X (BAX), and isoforms of cytochrome P450 (CYP), CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. Immunocytochemical analyses of p53, p21Waf1/Cip1, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in MCF-7 cells were also carried out.ResultsAfter exposure to binary mixtures of B[a]P plus lindane or PhIP plus lindane, a 10-fold increase in micronucleus formation resulted; these test agents individually induced 2- to 5-fold increases. Lindane increased the ratio of Bcl-2:Bax, as did 17β-estradiol (E2). Although treatment with B[a]P alone was found to elevate expression of P21WAF1/CIP1and CYP isoenzymes, it reduced the ratio of BCL-2:BAX mRNA transcripts. Treatment with a binary mixture of 10−8 M B[a]P plus 10−12 M lindane or 10−10 M E2 reversed B[a]P-induced reductions in the ratio of Bcl-2– to Bax-positive cells. In contrast, treatments with PhIP (known to possess hormonelike properties) plus lindane or E2 resulted in profound reductions in Bcl-2:Bax ratio.ConclusionsOur results suggest that low-dose treatments (i.e., close to environmental levels) may increase DNA damage while influencing survival in exposed cells and that these effects may depend on the endocrine activity of test agents.
Serologic Diagnosis and Fetal Involvement in Maternal Rubella
Authors: William E. Rawls
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A series of pregnant women with clinical rubella or exposed to a rubella-like illness was studied in an effort to establish a diagnosis of rubella by serologic means. Serologic evidence of rubella could not be found in seven exposed women in whom clinical illness did not develop. A fourfold rise in antibody titer was demonstrated in 13 of 16 women with a rubella-like illness. Ten women underwent therapeutic abortions and rubella virus was recovered from nine of ten abortuses. Rubella virus was also isolated from the placenta and throat swab of the one infant delivered thus far from the women with first trimester rubella. The number of fetal cells infected with virus was determined in five fetuses and found to be between one per 1,000 and one per 250,000 cells. The findings indicate that a high proportion of fetuses are infected in serologically proven maternal rubella. The number of fetal cells infected by rubella virus is relatively small, a finding which supports the hypothesis that viral persistence in congenital rubella results from in utero establishment of clones of infected cells.
Podocyte EphB4 signaling helps recovery from glomerular injury
Authors: Monika Wnuk, Ruslan Hlushchuk, Mathilde Janot, Gérald Tuffin, Georg Martiny-Baron, Philipp Holzer, Patricia Imbach-Weese, Valentin Djonov, Uyen Huynh-Do
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
"REACTION OF NORMAL PERSON TO TUBERCULIN"
Authors: Frederick Tice
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has been called to the answer in reply to the question on the reaction of the normal person to tuberculin (The Journal, February 6, p. 437). To me this answer is most unsatisfactory and misleading and has only added confusion, without in the least giving the desired information. The quotation from Koch (<i>Deutsche med. Wchnschr.</i><b>16:</b>1029, 1890) is quite correct, but based purely on clinical observation some thirty-six years ago, long before the specificity or the mechanism of the reaction had been determined. As might be anticipated, the specificity was first studied in the lower animals, particularly cattle, by such investigators as Frankel, Voges, Kuhnan, Bang and von Behring. The tuberculin test in cattle gave a positive or negative result, corresponding to the presence or absence of tuberculosis as determined by necropsy. In the human being, identical findings have been demonstrated by the anatomic
Reversible lymph node follicular hyperplasia associated with dasatinib treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Authors: Clémence Roux, Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini, Delphine Rea, Mathilde Niault, Luigina Mollica, Françoise Berger, Catherine Chassagne-Clément, Isabelle Tigaud, Michel Tulliez, Stéphane Giraudier, Ali Turhan, Philippe Rousselot, Laurence Legros
Journal: Blood (2013)
Report on Cardiazol Treatment and on the Present Application of Hypoglycemic Shock Treatment In Schizophrenia. By <i>W. Rees Thomas, M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M.,</i> and <i>Isabel G. H Wilson, M. D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M.</i> (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1938.)
Authors: N. L. Easton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)
Moderate hemophilia B leyden: Identification by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and oligomer restriction
Authors: Thomas E. Coyle, Timothy Spicer, Doris Michalovic, Bernard J. Poiesz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Hemophilia B Leyden is a rare form of congenital factor IX deficiency which is characterized by severe factor IX deficiency at birth, which ameliorates after puberty. It is caused by mutations in the factor IX gene promoter region and the postpubertal amelioration is thought to be mediated by the action of testosterone on an androgen response element located in the promoter region. Three kindreds have been previously reported with a milder form of hemophilia B Leyden, associated with a guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide position −6 of the promoter region. We now report a fourth kindred with this mutation. The proband was a newborn with a factor IX level of 2.5%, his 12‐year‐old half‐brother had a level of 28%, and his mother's 56‐year‐old maternal cousin had a level of 60%. A G to A transition at nucleotide −6 of the promoter region was demonstrated by cloning and sequencing polymerase chain reaction products from the half brother, and the mother was demonstrated to be a carrier. The mutation eliminates a Taql . restriction endonuclease site normally present in the wild type promoter, and the mother's cousin was demonstrated to carry the mutation by the absence of digestion with Taql . The identification of hemophilia B Leyden with this specific mutation has practical importance to the clinical management because of its unique natural history and significantly better prognosis than classical hemophilia B. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postabortal<i>Clostridium welchii</i>Sepsis with Massive Hemolysis
Authors: Robert L. Isham, Stuart C. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

CLOSTRIDIUM welchii sepsis is one of the most serious complications of induced abortion. The majority of these patients are admitted on obstetric services, and most of the reviews of this subject have appeared in the obstetric literature. However, the manifestations of generalized sepsis are often so pronounced that the nature of the underlying process is obscure. Recently, a patient of this type was admitted to the University Medical Service of the Grace-New Haven Community Hospital with a tentative diagnosis of acute hemolytic anemia of undetermined cause. The associated diagnostic and therapeutic problems seem of sufficient general medical importance to warrant . . .
Cogan's syndrome with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody
Authors: M Ikeda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Cogan's syndrome is a rare disease characterised by non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis with vestibuloauditory dysfunction, including loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo.1 We report here a case of Cogan's syndrome positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). This case is interesting in consideration of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

In May 1999 a 61 year old man was admitted to our hospital with fever and myalgia localised to the lower part of both legs. He had a history of lung tuberculosis at 22 years old, chronic sinusitis at 30, and bilateral otitis media at 53. On admission, laboratory tests showed a white blood cell count of 11.2×109/l and a CRP level of 63 mg/l. Serum levels of creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and a urinary examination were normal. A serological test was positive for perinuclear ANCA (pANCA) and myeloperoxidase ANCA (MPO-ANCA; 105 EU/ml (normal <10 EU/ml)), but negative …
Diagnosis of Aortic Atresia by Retrograde Aortography
Authors: HENRY N. NEUFELD, PAUL ADAMS, JESSE E. EDWARDS, RICHARD G. LESTER
Journal: Circulation (1962)

VENOUS angiocardiographic demnonstra- tion of a single arterial vessel leaving the heart and supplying both systenmic and pulmonary circulations, suggests the diagno- sis of persistent truncus arteriosus.Such was the initial impression in the ease of a dysp- neie, cyanotic, newborn male infant without a cardiac murmur.The electrocardiogram showed a normal sinus rhythm.The mean manifest electrical axis of the QRS complex was plus 1100.Lead V1 showed a qR patterni and flattened T waves.In lead V6 an Rs com- plex with an R wave of 17 min.and an S wave of 9 mm.were present.Since a murmur is commonly heard in per- sistent truncus arteriosus, absence of such a sign in this case led to this diagnosis being questioned.Accordingly, following the venous angiocardiographv, a retrograde aortogram was performed.Demonstration
DENDRITIC KERATITIS OF MALARIAL ORIGIN.
Authors: E. C. ELLETT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Among the less common diseases of the cornea is that known as dendritic keratitis, to apply the name which its appearance suggests, or mycotic keratitis, a name more in accord with its etiology. This disease appears, when fully developed, as a finely branched ulceration of the cornea, running a rather protracted course. In my personal observation it has almost always appeared as a complication of acute malaria, though the same picture has been occasionally seen in patients who had no malarial manifestations, and who had not suffered from malaria at any time sufficiently recent for it to have any possible bearing on the eye trouble. The disease is not common. Even in malarial districts it is not one of the commoner eye diseases, and when compared with the large number of persons who have malaria, it is seen to be an unusual complication of that disease. I can only state
Protective Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Paramyxovirus Infection
Authors: John P. Kelley, Hui Li, Yinghong Ma, Teodora Ivanciuc, Narayana Komaravelli, Ciro Coletta, Csaba Szabo, Roberto P. Garofalo, Antonella Casola
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Allergist and Pharmacist Collaboration Increases β-lactam Antibiotic Use in Patients with a History of Penicillin Allergy
Authors: B.J. McClimon, J.T. Li, B. Ferguson, P. Markus, L. Odell, A. Swanson, K. Kloos Olson, M.A. Park
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Double-edged Gadd45
Authors: Kendall Powell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

![Graphic][1] 

When T cells lack Gadd45 β , brains get inflamed.On 

[page 1341][2], Liu and colleagues report that members of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd45) family help both start and stop effector T cell activity—critically acting to quench autoimmune T cells
Modulation of CD8+ T cell responses to AAV vectors with IgG-derived MHC class II epitopes
Authors: Daniel J Hui, Etiena Basner-Tschakarjan, Yifeng Chen, Robert J Davidson, George Buchlis, Mustafa Yazicioglu, Gary C Pien, Jonathan D Finn, Virginia Haurigot, Alex Tai, David W Scott, Leslie P Cousens, Shangzhen Zhou, Anne S De Groot, Federico Mingozzi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Immune responses directed against viral capsid proteins constitute a main safety concern in the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as gene transfer vectors in humans. Pharmacological immunosuppression has been proposed as a solution to the problem; however, the approach suffers from several potential limitations. Using MHC class II epitopes initially identified within human IgG, named Tregitopes, we showed that it is possible to modulate CD8+ T cell responses to several viral antigens in vitro. We showed that incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with these epitopes triggers proliferation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells that suppress killing of target cells loaded with MHC class I antigens in an antigen-specific fashion, through a mechanism that seems to require cell-to-cell contact. Expression of a construct encoding for the AAV capsid structural protein fused to Tregitopes resulted in reduction of CD8+ T cell reactivity against the AAV capsid following immunization with an adenoviral vector expressing capsid. This was accompanied by an increase in frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in spleens and lower levels of inflammatory infiltrates in injected tissues. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates modulation of CD8+ T cell reactivity to an antigen using regulatory T cell epitopes is possible. Immune responses directed against viral capsid proteins constitute a main safety concern in the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as gene transfer vectors in humans. Pharmacological immunosuppression has been proposed as a solution to the problem; however, the approach suffers from several potential limitations. Using MHC class II epitopes initially identified within human IgG, named Tregitopes, we showed that it is possible to modulate CD8+ T cell responses to several viral antigens in vitro. We showed that incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with these epitopes triggers proliferation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells that suppress killing of target cells loaded with MHC class I antigens in an antigen-specific fashion, through a mechanism that seems to require cell-to-cell contact. Expression of a construct encoding for the AAV capsid structural protein fused to Tregitopes resulted in reduction of CD8+ T cell reactivity against the AAV capsid following immunization with an adenoviral vector expressing capsid. This was accompanied by an increase in frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in spleens and lower levels of inflammatory infiltrates in injected tissues. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates modulation of CD8+ T cell reactivity to an antigen using regulatory T cell epitopes is possible.
Humoral Immunity to Dietary Antigens in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: S. Husby, F. Schultz Larsen, P. Hyltoft Petersen, S‐E. Svehag
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) employing a biotin‐avidin amplification step are described for the quantification of human serum IgG antibodies to the dietary antigens ovalbumin (QA) and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG). The analytical quality of these assays was acceptable. Antibodies were measured in 16 patients with mild or moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), in 31 patients with a history of AD, and in closely matched controls. Levels of serum anti‐QA antibodies did not differ in patients and controls, whereas anti‐BLG antibodies tended to be higher in patients with mild or moderate AD than in controls (P &lt; 0.05).
Prognostic Significance of p27kip-1 Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinomas Is Associated with Tumor Stage
Authors: Upender Manne, Nirag C. Jhala, Jennifer Jones, Heidi L. Weiss, Chakrapani Chatla, Sreelatha Meleth, Catalina Suarez-Cuervo, William E. Grizzle
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Although the decreased expression of p27kip-1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has been correlated with advanced tumor stage and short survival of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs), its prognostic value based on the tumor site, tumor stage, and patient ethnicity was not assessed. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the prognostic value of p27kip-1 expression varies with the tumor site, tumor stage and patient ethnicity. Experimental Design: We evaluated 206 (85 African Americans and 121 Caucasians) archival tissue specimens of first primary CRCs for immunohistochemical expression of p27kip-1, and its prognostic significance was analyzed using univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression survival methods. Results: Although, similar proportion of CRCs with decreased p27kip-1 expression was observed in all stages (range, 26–36%), the decreased p27kip-1 expression has been shown as a marker of poor prognosis only for patients with stage III tumors both in univariate (log-rank test, P = 0.014) and multivariate (hazard ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–7.7; P = 0.01) survival analyses. The decreased expression of p27kip-1 was associated with a high histologic grade (P = 0.016) in stage II CRCs, and with distal tumors (P = 0.001), tumor invasion (P = 0.044), and with local recurrence (P = 0.008) in stage III CRCs. Conclusions: No prognostic significance was found for p27kip-1 expression in stages I, II, or IV CRCs, and its prognostic value was not associated with either ethnicity or tumor location. These studies suggest that decreased expression of p27kip-1 is an indicator of poor prognosis and aids in identifying a subset of patients with aggressive forms of stage III CRCs.