tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lesional dendritic cells in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis and psoriasis exhibit parallel ability to activate T-cell subsets
Authors: Hideki Fujita, Avner Shemer, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Leanne M. Johnson-Huang, Suzanne Tintle, Irma Cardinale, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Inna Novitskaya, John A. Carucci, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
On categorizations in analyses of alcohol teratogenesis.
Authors: P D Sampson, A P Streissguth, F L Bookstein, H M Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In biomedical scientific investigations, expositions of findings are conceptually simplest when they comprise comparisons of discrete groups of individuals or involve discrete features or characteristics of individuals. But the descriptive benefits of categorization become outweighed by their limitations in studies involving dose-response relationships, as in many teratogenic and environmental exposure studies. This article addresses a pair of categorization issues concerning the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure that have important public health consequences: the labeling of individuals as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) versus fetal alcohol effects (FAE) or alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and the categorization of prenatal exposure dose by thresholds. We present data showing that patients with FAS and others with FAE do not have meaningfully different behavioral performance, standardized scores of IQ, arithmetic and adaptive behavior, or secondary disabilities. Similarly overlapping distributions on measures of executive functioning offer a basis for identifying alcohol-affected individuals in a manner that does not simply reflect IQ deficits. At the other end of the teratological continuum, we turn to the reporting of threshold effects in dose-response relationships. Here we illustrate the importance of multivariate analyses using data from the Seattle, Washington, longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy. Relationships between many neurobehavioral outcomes and measures of prenatal alcohol exposure are monotone without threshold down to the lowest nonzero levels of exposure, a finding consistent with reports from animal studies. In sum, alcohol effects on the developing human brain appear to be a continuum without threshold when dose and behavioral effects are quantified appropriately.
[249] CAN ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS) IMPROVE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH INCREASED RISK OF VARICEAL BLEEDING?
Authors: A. Wiechowska-Kozlowska, J. Wyszomirska-Raszeja, A. Bialek, T. Starzynska, P. Milkiewicz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of carbenoxolone on the synthesis of glycoproteins and DNA in rat gastric epithelial cells.
Authors: G A van Huis, M F Kramer
Journal: Gut (1981)

The influence of carbenoxolone on the synthesis of glycoproteins in the surface mucous cells and the production of new cells in the rat gastric mucosa was studied by means of a vascular perfusion system. The rate of incorporation of tritiated galactose, glucosamine, serine, and sulphate in surface mucous cells, studied by autoradiography, was not affected by the addition of carbenoxolone to the drinking water. The sugar composition (determined by gas-liquid chromatography) of the gastric glycoproteins (isolated by centrifugation in CsCl), was not changed in carbenoxolone-treated rats. Compared with untreated animals, the number of [3H]-thymidine labelled nuclei per fundic pit increased by 38% to 76% in carbenoxolone-treated rats, implying a higher number of mitotically active cells. This results in an increased supply of young mucous cells; if this also proves to be true in human gastric mucosa, it may be relevant to the therapeutic effect of carbenoxolone.
Regional Intravenous Anesthesia
Authors: R. W. Augustine
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> 0.5% Xylocaine is dangerous when administered intravenously. This has been established years ago. It gives rise to cardiac irregularities and apnea. Anesthesia of an extremity, of local infiltration or characterized by a nerve block, is very easy to obtain. Why an individual would want to go through this complicated and dangerous mechanism is unknown to me. In the reports of deaths from Lidocaine they are usually associated with elderly people with a good deal of pathology and a highstrength administration of the drug. Most of these remarks about reporting on a better local anesthetic agent reveal a lack of discreet knowledge. Safe techniques and safe anesthetic agents are already available. What is lacking is the physician's knowledge of use of the agent which is already upon the scene. Local anesthesia is not popular in this country; it is poorly understood by the physicians and opposed by the
Atorvastatin inhibits aortic valve calcification in an experimental model of chronic hypercholesterolemia via nonlipid lowering effects
Authors: Nalini M. Rajamannan, Malayannan Subramaniam, Margaret Springett, Marek Neikrasz, Stuart R. Stock, Konstantine I. Ignatiev, Joseph McConnell, Ravinder Singh, Neil Stone, Robert O. Bonow, Thomas C. Spelsberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Electrocardiographic strain pattern and the prediction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients: The LIFE study
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Richard B. Devereux, Markku S. Nieminen, Sverker Jern, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Stevo Julius, Steven Snapinn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
More on Medicine in Refugee Camps
Authors: THOMAS C. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987More on Medicine in Refugee CampsTHOMAS C. JONES, M.D.THOMAS C. JONES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-916 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The letter of Drs. Elias and Iacopino (1) in response to the article by Drs. Soffer and Wilde (2) raises a key issue in medical education and service: is it possible to integrate short-term, informed, delivery of medical care, with long-term, service-oriented, professional, health care? This question is not unique to medical care of refugees. It has been the basis of the transfer of medical knowledge from generation to generation of physicians. Invariably the solution to the preparation of physicians has included the participation of properly prepared medical care providers for short-term experience under the guidance of...References1. SOFFERWILDE AH. Medicine in Cambodian refugee camps. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:618-21. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ELIASIACOPINO CV. Medicine in Cambodian refugee camps [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:482. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SANDERSJONES RT. Medical Care of Refugees. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987. Google Scholar1. MASONBROWN LR. Rice, Rivalry, and Politics: Managing Cambodian Relief. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press; 1983. Google Scholar2. SOFFERWILDE AH. Medicine in Cambodian refugee camps. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:618-21. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MASTRO T. Health care in Cambodian refugee camps [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:173-4. LinkGoogle Scholar4. ELIASIACOPINO CV. Medicine in Cambodian refugee camps [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:482. LinkGoogle Scholar5. LEE R. Riding the fences. Am J Med. 1987;82:298-301. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THOMAS C. JONES, M.D.Affiliations: Cornell University Medical College New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 916-917KeywordsCyclic adenosine monophosphateLong-term careMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
CAR keeps up the (heart) beat
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

A cell contact protein found in the heart does more than provide structural support, according to Lisewski et al. (page 2369). It also helps maintain a steady heartbeat.






Figure 1

The loss of CAR (green) expression leads to cardiac arrhythmia because connexins (red) are no longer held in place at heart AV nodes.




In developing or injured heart muscle, a cell–cell adhesion protein known as the Coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor (CAR) helps growing muscle fibers stick to each other and settle into place. The relatively low levels of CAR in adult hearts suggest that they've outgrown the need for it. But the authors now find that this bit of CAR keeps ion channels called connexins in place, thus aiding the transmission of electrical connections between heart cells.

Decreasing CAR expression in the heart, the group found, did not disrupt the structural stability of the organ but triggered an erratic heartbeat. Electrical signals within each heart chamber were normal, but they were delayed in passing from atria to ventricles.

Electrical signals pass between the chambers through a cell cluster called the atrial-ventricular (AV) node, via ion channels made of connexins 45. The AV node cells of CAR-deficient mice had fewer of these connexins, which drifted throughout the cell membrane instead of clustering at gap junctions, where they belong. Although it's possible that CAR-driven signals induce connexin gene expression, the recent discovery that the two proteins bind to each other suggests instead that CAR might pin down connexins in adjacent gap junctions, thereby preventing their mislocalization and subsequent degradation.

The findings might explain the association between cardiac arrhythmia and CAR loss seen in patients who develop autoantibodies against CAR or who become infected with Coxsackievirus. The group is now trying to confirm that this arrhythmia is due to a connexin disturbance at the AV node. HB
Blood and Urine Cadmium, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Carolyn M. Gallagher, Jaymie R. Meliker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Cadmium exposure has been inconsistently related to blood pressure.We updated and reevaluated the evidence regarding the relationships of blood cadmium (BCd) and urine cadmium (UCd) with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HTN) in nonoccupationally exposed populations.We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles on BCd or UCd and BP or HTN in nonoccupationally exposed populations and extracted information from studies that provided sufficient data on population, smoking status, exposure, outcomes, and design.Twelve articles met inclusion criteria: eight provided data adequate for comparison, and five reported enough data for meta-analysis. Individual studies reported significant positive associations between BCd and systolic BP (SBP) among nonsmoking women [ß = 3.14 mmHg per 1 μg/L untransformed BCd; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-6.14] and among premenopausal women (ß = 4.83 mmHg per 1 nmol/L log-transformed BCd; 95% CI, 0.17-9.49), and between BCd and diastolic BP (DBP) among women (ß = 1.78 mmHg comparing BCd in the 90th and 10th percentiles; 95% CI, 0.64-2.92) and among premenopausal women (ß = 3.84 mmHg per 1 nmol/L log-transformed BCd; 95% CI, 0.86-6.82). Three meta-analyses, each of three studies, showed positive associations between BCd and SBP (p = 0.006) and DBP (p < 0.001) among women, with minimal heterogeneity (I² = 3%), and a significant inverse association between UCd and HTN among men and women, with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 80%).Our results suggest a positive association between BCd and BP among women; the results, however, are inconclusive because of the limited number of representative population-based studies of never-smokers. Associations between UCd and HTN suggest inverse relationships, but inconsistent outcome definitions limit interpretation. We believe a longitudinal study is merited.
MACROCYTIC ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH VITAMIN B DEFICIENCY 1
Authors: Katharine O'Shea Elsom, Albert B. Sample
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

Recent observations of sprue (1), pernicious anemia (2), tropical macrocytic anemia (3) and the pernicious anemia of pregnancy (4) have led to the hypothesis that a dietary deficiency of vita- min B 3 or some closely allied substance is re-
Fibrocystic disease of pancreas and Crohn's disease.
Authors: J O'Connor, J Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

BiTiSH MBT I CAL JOUWAL.9 DECEMER 1972 place much reliance on om tie infec- tion rates from difet hospitals because of differences in methods of treatment and in prevalent strains of bacieria.Thes are by no means the only variables.We have been studying wound infections at this hospit for the past two years and have ied out ontinuous monitorig of all infections for over a year.An initial difficulty was to define what constitutes a wound infection.When a wound discare
The Effect of Varying Tonicity on Nasal Epithelial Ion Transport in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Michael G. Davies, Duncan M. Geddes, Eric W. F. W. Alton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

There is reasonable evidence that the fluid layer of the airway epithelium is exposed to changes in tonicity. The inspiration of cool, dry air causes an increased tonicity, whereas this tonicity may be decreased by glandular secretions. We hypothesized that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the responses to changes in tonicity and that these may be altered in cystic fibrosis (CF). Using nasal potential difference (PD) protocols in 8 subjects with CF and 10 subjects without CF, we investigated the effects of hyper- and hypotonicity on ion transport processes. We found significant differences between the two groups. In response to a hypertonic challenge (mannitol 500 mM), there was a decreased PD in both groups, suggesting decreased sodium absorption. However, after the prior inhibition of sodium transport using amiloride, there was an increased PD in the non-CF group alone, suggesting CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to luminal hypertonicity. For the hypotonic solution, we found that hypotonicity inhibited CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in the non-CF group. These data suggest that CFTR plays a role in the recognition and regulation of airway fluid tonicity.
GLYCOSURIA OF MALARIAL ORIGIN
Authors: A. Castellani, J. G. Willmore
Journal: BMJ (1921)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Jo, .omc& energies to the elucidation of this problem.Moreover, as the mentality of the native precludes the possibility of ecc ulatig the necessary material at a permanent bas, the team would be essentially a roving body, well equipped in every way and furnished withi a really efficient travelling laboratory; whilst its aotivities, including periodical examination of treated cases and the collec- tion of statistics, would extend over a persod of about three years.The personnel would include probably two clinicians ani two or three trained protozoologists, assisted by an adequate sta-ff of assistants, and also one or more veterinary surgeons-since it is obvious that, if the method we have put forward fulfils our anticipations, it opens up the possibility that the treatment of the future will resolve itself into the simultaneous intravenous administration of arsenical compounds and the intrathecal injection of salvarsanized serum derived from the horse, ox, or other large animal already experimentally infected and treated.
Pressure-flow studies in man: effect of atrial systole on ventricular function in mitral stenosis
Authors: M. Eugene Kendall, Abe Walston, Frederick R. Cobb, Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The effect of atrial contraction on left ventricular function in six patients with varying degrees of mitral stenosis was determined by utilizing the pressure gradient technique to measure instantaneous aortic blood flow and pressure. Aortic flow was measured as ventricular rate was controlled by right ventricular pacing to create A-V (atrioventricular) dissociation at varying rates (90-150 beats/min). At each heart rate, beats with preceding P waves, effective atrial systole, were grouped according to the duration of the P-R interval. Beats without P waves served as controls. There was always a significant increase in stroke volume, created by effective atrial systole, but the P-R interval at which it took place was different for each patient. There was no difference in the stroke volume for beats preceded by P waves having a P-R interval within the range of 0.05-0.20 sec. These beats were grouped for each patient, subjected to regression analysis, and compared to control beats. The absolute and percent change created by effective atrial systole was inversely proportional to the severity of the disease as determined by mitral valve orifice size. Effective atrial systole plays less of a role in augmenting left ventricular function in patients with mitral stenosis than in patients with normal valves.
E.E.G. and anticonvulsants.
Authors: W I Dow
Journal: BMJ (1971)

aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase in 16 adults with serum salicyclate greater than 35 mg/100 ml as a result of single-dose self-poisoning.In only one patient was the SGOT minimally in- creased to 44 units.This was an apparently healthy 24-year-old man with a serum sali- cyclate of 80 mg/100 ml four and a half hours after taking aspirin tablets; his alkaline phosphatase was normal.A 60-year-old man with a serum salicyclate of 131 mg/100 ml eight hours after ingestion was the only patient with a raised alkaline phosphatase (16 King-Armstrong units); his SGOT was normal These findings tend to support the implied conclusion of Dr. Russell and colleagues that, age apart, increases in these enzymes in serum are probably related to prolonged administration of salicylates.-I
Letter: Tylosis, leukoplakia, and oesophageal carcinoma.
Authors: W R Tyldesley, R O Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1973)

day social life, the declining cost of alcohol relative to disposable income levels, a lack of public awareness of health consequences, and the liberalization of alcohol control policy on the part of many governments.The Erroll and Clayson Cominittees seem like- wise to have ignored the possible public health consequences of their recommendations.By trying to keep in step with, and follow, current social trends of increasing alcohol use in England and Scotland alike, the Erroll and Clayson recommendations, if accepted by Government, may easily strengthen even further and accelerate the social acceptance of heavier alcohol use, and with it, in line with the Ontario research workers' conclusions, the risks of increased alcohol-related physical and social damage.-I am, etc.,
Smoking in hospitals: a measure of improvement.
Authors: R. M. Shakespeare, M. C. Woolaway
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A survey of all health service premises in the Wessex region was undertaken in 1981, and the information obtained was used to set goals for reducing smoking in hospitals and health centres by 1985. We carried out a study in 1985 to monitor the progress towards these goals and to identify improvements that might be made
Maternal Serum Preconception Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Infant Birth Weight
Authors: Laurel E. Murphy, Audra L. Gollenberg, Germaine M. Buck Louis, Paul J. Kostyniak, Rajeshwari Sundaram
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Prenatal and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) exposure has been associated with decrements in fetal and infant growth and development, although exposures during the preconception window have not been examined despite recent evidence suggesting that this window may correspond with the highest serum concentrations.We assessed maternal serum PCB concentrations at two sensitive developmental windows in relation to birth weight.Serum samples were collected from 99 women as they began trying to become pregnant (preconception) and after a positive pregnancy test (prenatal); 52 (53%) women gave birth and represent the study cohort. Using daily diaries, women recorded sexual intercourse, menstruation, and home pregnancy test results until pregnant or up to 12 menstrual cycles with intercourse during the estimated fertile window. With gas chromatography with electron capture, 76 PCB congeners were quantified (nanograms per gram serum) and subsequently categorized by purported biologic activity. Serum PCBs were log-transformed and entered both as continuous and categorized exposures along with birth weight (grams) and covariates [smoking (yes/no), height (inches), and infant sex (male/female)] into linear regression.A substantial reduction in birth weight (grams) was observed for women in the highest versus the lowest tertile of preconception antiestrogenic PCB concentration (beta; = 429.3 g, p = 0.038) even after adjusting for covariates (beta; = 470.8, p = 0.04).These data reflect the potential developmental toxicity of antiestrogenic PCBs, particularly during the sensitive preconception critical window among women with environmentally relevant chemical exposures, and underscore the importance of PCB congener-specific investigation.
ALLERGIC AND TOXIC PROPERTIES OF LENS PROTEIN
Authors: SANFORD R. GIFFORD
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>I. IMMUNE REACTIONS TO LENS PROTEIN</h3> By Sanford R. Gifford, M.D., with the Assistance of A. A. Steinberg, M.D. Since the report of Verhoeff and Lemoine<sup>1</sup>on endophthalmitis phaco-anaphylactica, in 1922, we have been interested in the question of reactions to lens protein, and have performed skin tests in a series of unselected cataract cases in which operation was performed by ourselves, Dr. Harold Gifford and Dr. James M. Patton. Verhoeff and Lemoine found that twelve patients showing inflammatory reactions after ruptures of the lens capsule all gave positive skin tests with lens protein. Five of the eyes were enucleated and showed a type of inflammation in some ways unique, which they called endophthalmitis phaco-anaphylactica, believing that it was due to previous sensitization to lens protein, the ocular reaction occurring when lens material was absorbed by the aqueous. Of fifty other cases of various kinds, four gave positive skin
844-6 Tissue Doppler-derived indices correlate with exercise capacity in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jong-Won Ha, Namsik Chung, Jeong-Ah Ahn, Seok-Min Kang, Se-Joong Rim, Yangsoo Jang, Won-Heum Shim, Seung-Yun Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava With Retrograde Drainage From the Left Atrium Into the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Authors: Yingming A. Chen, Subodh B. Joshi, Andrew M. Crean, Andrew T. Yan, David A. Latter, Laura Jimenez-Juan, Anish Kirpalani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)