tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Peter F. Kohler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS</h3><h3>Clinical Features</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder characterized by the presence of a variety of autoantibodies that are responsible for immunopathologically mediated tissue injury. It is the prototype for a group of disorders that are referred to as the systemic autoimmune or connective tissue diseases. Also included in this group are rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, and Sjögren's syndrome. These disorders, due to their multisystem involvement, often present with overlapping clinical and laboratory features. Recently, advances in immunochemistry have aided greatly in our understanding of the role and specificity of autoantibodies in these various disorders. The characteristic antibody in SLE is directed against native DNA. Like many of the rheumatic disorders, SLE has high female-to-male predominance, in the range of 10:1. The peak onset of initial symptoms is from 15 to 25 years of age. The inheritance pattern appears to be
The Matrix of Ambulatory Education
Authors: Barbara L. Schuster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Ambulatory education has become an essential part of all internal medicine residencies. To develop excellent ambulatory education programs, we must thoroughly understand the opportunities available in such a setting, and the leaders in internal medicine must be willing to experiment with nontraditional locations and rotational formats. An "ambulatory matrix" can be constructed by program directors to help define the educational opportunities available in their institutions and to map the possibilities for educational rotations outside of the hospital wards.
Treatment of Tinea Pedis
Authors: Donald S. Schuster
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  No drug is without some risk. Certainly, griseofulvin and other drugs have untoward side effects, and it is for this reason that these drugs are taken under medical supervision.  No one denies that incorrect diagnoses have been made in relation to tinea pedis and other fungus infections. Of course, a foot eruption or lesion may not be tinea pedis, but I believe one may rely on the judgment of the physician, employing his clinical acumen and the conventional mycologic techniques, to decide on the correct diagnosis. It seems unlikely that a clinician would institute a search for fungi when a patient's feet show no sign of disease. There probably are times when pathogenic fungi could be demonstrated in the absence of lesions, but laboratory evidence, taken by itself without account of the patient, could never be condoned as a basis for treatment.  If not using a drug
Mitochondrial Phosphatase PTPMT1 Is Essential for Cardiolipin Biosynthesis
Authors: Ji Zhang, Ziqiang Guan, Anne N. Murphy, Sandra E. Wiley, Guy A. Perkins, Carolyn A. Worby, James L. Engel, Philip Heacock, Oanh Kim Nguyen, Jonathan H. Wang, Christian R.H. Raetz, William Dowhan, Jack E. Dixon
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Programmes to support international medical graduate doctors
Authors: N. Bhatti, C. O'Keeffe, J. Whiteman
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We welcome the growing debate on support for international medical graduate (IMG) doctors in the NHS. Adaptations to the existing testing system may be necessary, as Peile points out, but the invaluable contribution of IMG doctors to NHS patient care must not be forgotten.1 Differences at point of entry to the NHS need to be dealt with by targeted support for …
Preparedness for Clinical Practice
Authors: David Blumenthal, Manjusha Gokhale, Eric G. Campbell, Joel S. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextMedical educators are seeking improved measures to assess the clinical competency of residents as they complete their graduate medical education.ObjectiveTo assess residents' perceptions of their preparedness to provide common clinical services during their last year of graduate medical education.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 1998 national survey of residents completing their training in 8 specialties (internal medicine, pediatrics, family practice, obstetrics/gynecology, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, psychiatry, and anesthesiology) at academic health centers in the United States. A total of 2626 residents responded (response rate, 65%).Main Outcome MeasuresResidents' reports of their preparedness to perform clinical and nonclinical tasks relevant to their specialties.ResultsResidents in all specialties rated themselves as prepared to manage most of the common conditions they would encounter in their clinical career. However, more than 10% of residents in each specialty reported that they felt unprepared to undertake 1 or more tasks relevant to their disciplines, such as caring for patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or substance abuse (family practice) or nursing home patients (internal medicine); performance of spinal surgery (orthopedic surgery) or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (general surgery); and management of chronic pain (anesthesiology).ConclusionsOverall, residents in their last year of training at academic health centers rate their clinical preparedness as high. However, opportunities for improvement exist in preparing residents for clinical practice.
Properties of cell lines derived from tumors induced by Friend virus in BALB/c and BALB/c-H-2b mice.
Authors: H A Freedman, F Lilly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Cell lines have been established in culture from Friend virus-induced tumors of BALB/c (H-2d) and congenic BALB/c-H-2b (BALB.B) origin. Spleens from virus-infected hosts in the terminal stages of erythroleukemic disease provided tissues for the establishment of subcutaneously transplantable tumors of both strains. Subsequently cells of these tumors were introduced into culture and passed serially. Complete, infectious Friend virus (FV) has been routinely recovered from culture supernates of BALB.B tumor cells (HFL/b) throughout its 2-yr passage history. However, after only a few transfer generations in culture BALB/c tumor cells (HFL/d) became nonproducers of virus detectable in either the spleen focus assay in vivo or the XC assay in vitro. Nonproducer HFL/d cells possessed the complete genomes of the components of the FV complex, since FV could be recovered from them either by cocultivation with helper virus-infected syngeneic embryo fibroblasts or by serial passage in the ascitic form in normal, syngeneic adult hosts.
Identification of an endemic area for HCV infection in Liguria (Italy): HCV serotyping
Authors: G MARENCO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

L'analyse pollinique de la partie interne de la grotte de Madonna dell'Arma (Ligurie, Italie) a permis de reconstituer, à l'échelle locale, la végétation du littoral ligure entre la fin du dernier interglaciaire et le début du pléniglaciaire ancien. Cette période de transition montre une importante représentation du couvert arboré et le maintien de taxons thermophiles permettant de considérer la Ligurie occidentale comme un refuge périglaciaire. Durant la fin du dernier interglaciaire, la zone littorale est constituée par un couvert herbacé xérophile-halophile et par des brousses, relayés sur les premières pentes par un groupement préforestier méditerranéen. La proximité du torrent Argentina et de l'Armea engendre l'existence, en retrait du littoral, de zones marécageuses colonisées par des arbres hygrophiles. Dans l'arrière-pays ligure se développent, selon l'altitude, des forêts sclérophylles et mésophiles. Le début du pléniglaciaire est indiqué dans la séquence par une augmentation de Pinus, des Cupressaceae et d'Artemisia en contexte de régression des éléments thermophiles. La végétation déduite de l'analyse pollinique s'intègre dans l'étude pluridisciplinaire du site et contribue à l'apport d'hypothèses climatiques similaires à celles révélées par la faune.Pollen analysis of Madonna dell’Arma cave inside part (Liguria, Italy) allowed us to reconstitute, at local scale, the Ligurian coastal vegetation between the end of the last interglacial period and the beginning of the pleniglacial. This transition period shows an important representation of arboreal cover and a persistence of thermophilous elements that allowed us to considerate the western Liguria as a periglacial refuge. During the end of the last interglacial, xerophytic, halophytic herbs and shrubs taken over from a Mediterranean pre-forest unit in the first slopes constituted the coastal zone. The nearness of Argentina torrent and the Armea influenced, in the coast, the existence of marshy zones colonized by hygrophilous trees. In the Ligurian lowlands spread out sclerophyllous and mesophilous forests according to altitude. The beginning of the pleniglacial is indicated in the sequence by increases of Pinus, Cupressaceae and Artemisia in the context of a decline in the thermophilous components. This picture of vegetation has become integrated into the multidisciplinary studies of the site and contributed to the elaboration of palaeoclimatic hypothesis similar as those revealed by the fauna.
Acute and Persistent Australia Antigen in Drug Users.
Authors: Alton I. Sutnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Acute and Persistent Australia Antigen in Drug Users.Alton I. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P., James J. Cerda, M.D., Philip P. Toskes, M.D., Veronica E. Coyne, M.D., W. Thomas London, M.D., F.A.C.P., Irving Millman, Ph.D., Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Alton I. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James J. Cerda, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Philip P. Toskes, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Veronica E. Coyne, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Thomas London, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Irving Millman, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-793_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe association of Australia antigen (Au(1)) with viral hepatitis led to the hypothesis that it is a hepatitis virus. We have published clinical, epidemiologic, immunologic, and electron microscopic studies supporting this hypothesis. Au(1) is transient in blood of acute hepatitis patients; it is markedly prolonged or persistent in patients with Down's syndrome (30%), leukemia (10%), lepromatous leprosy (10%), and chronic hemodialysis patients (8 of 9). It occurs in 5 to 20% of asymptomatic people in the tropics where family studies indicate an inherited trait causing susceptibility to persistent infection with Au(1). Au(1) persists in 0.1% of the normal U.S. population;... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alton I. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P.; James J. Cerda, M.D.; Philip P. Toskes, M.D.; Veronica E. Coyne, M.D.; W. Thomas London, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Irving Millman, Ph.D.; Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 793-793KeywordsAntigensBloodClinical epidemiologyClinical immunologyDown syndromeElectron microscopyHepatitisHepatitis A virusHepatitis virusesLeprosy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECT OF BODY SURFACE AREA ON MAJOR VASCULAR COMPLICATION POST TRANSAORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Sa'ar Minha, Israel Barbash, Danny Dvir, Itsik Ben–Dor, Lakshmana Pendyala, Salem Badr, Joshua Loh, Hironori Kitabata, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Kenneth Kent, William Suddath, Petros Okubagzi, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
P2-317: Biweekly paclitaxel as second-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC). A phase II study of the Lung Cancer Galician Group
Authors: Sergio Vázquez-Estévez, José Luis Fírvida, Gerardo Huidobro, Luis León, Martín Lázaro, Eva Pérez, Elen Álvarez, Joaquín Casal, Mercedes Salgado, José Ramón Mel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Increased expression of CD40 ligand on systemic lupus erythematosus lymphocytes.
Authors: M Koshy, D Berger, M K Crow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The specificity of T cell help for B cell activation and differentiation is maintained by the brief expression on the T cell surface, following T cell receptor-mediated triggering, of CD40 ligand (CD40L). Interaction of T helper (Th) cell CD40L with B cell CD40 induces B cell activation, cell surface expression of activation antigens, proliferation, and initiation of immunoglobulin isotype switch. We predicted that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in whom Th cell-dependent production of autoantibodies results in immune complex-mediated tissue damage, CD40L expression might be augmented, prolonged, or abnormally regulated. Baseline expression of CD40L was increased in some SLE patients studied, when compared with control subjects. While Th cells from normal subjects (n = 14) and rheumatic disease control patients (n = 9) showed maximal expression of CD40L, after in vitro activation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin, at 6 h of culture with diminished levels observed at 24 and 48 h, Th cells from SLE patients (n = 19) maintained high level cell surface expression of CD40L through 24 and 48 h of culture. The prolonged expression of CD40L was functionally significant, as 24 h-activated SLE T cells, when cocultured with target B cells, induced greater B cell surface CD80 (B7-1) expression than did 24 h-activated normal T cells. These results document impaired regulation of CD40L expression in SLE T cells and identify an important potential target for therapy in this systemic autoimmune disease.
Twelve Diseases That Changed Our World
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impairment of splenic IgM-memory but not switched-memory B cells in a patient with celiac disease and splenic atrophy
Authors: Antonio Di Sabatino, M. Manuela Rosado, Luca Miele, Federica Capolunghi, Paolo Cazzola, Paolo Biancheri, Rita Carsetti, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Gino R. Corazza
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Long-term effect of insulin on glucose transport and insulin binding in cultured adipocytes from normal and obese humans with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Authors: M K Sinha, L G Taylor, W J Pories, E G Flickinger, D Meelheim, S Atkinson, N S Sehgal, J F Caro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have tested the hypothesis that in vitro exposure of insulin-resistant adipocytes with insulin results in improved insulin action. A primary culture system of adipocytes from obese subjects with or without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nonobese control subjects has been developed. The adipocytes when cultured in serum-free medium do not lose their original characteristics in regard to insulin binding and glucose transport. The adipocytes from three groups were incubated with insulin (0, 10(-10) M, and 10(-7) M) for 24 h at 37 degrees C, receptor-bound insulin was dissociated, and basal and insulin (1 X 10(-11)-10(-7) M)-stimulated glucose transport and 125I-insulin binding were determined. The 24-h insulin exposure of adipocytes from control subjects decreased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The effects of 1 X 10(-7) M insulin were more pronounced than 1 X 10(-10) M insulin. Similarly, insulin exposure decreased insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of cultured adipocytes from obese and NIDDM patients. The insulin-induced reduction in insulin sensitivity and responsiveness for glucose transport in three groups were due to alterations at insulin binding and postbinding levels. In conclusion, insulin induces insulin resistance in control adipocytes and further worsens the insulin resistance of adipocytes from obese and NIDDM subjects. For insulin to improve the insulin resistance of adipocytes from NIDDM patients, either more prolonged in vitro insulin exposure and/or other hormonal factors might be required.
Effect of Losartan on Plasma C-Reactive Protein in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microabluminuria
Authors: Kathryn Tan, Wing-Sun Chow, Ying Wong, Sammy Shiu, Sidney Tam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Patients With Type 1 Diabetes1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] not only regulates calcium metabolism but also modulates the immune system.Some reports have suggested that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 helps to prevent the development of type 1 diabetes.The association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes has been examined, but a definitive conclusion has not yet been reached (1,2).We examined the VDR genotype in juvenile Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.A total of 108 diabetic patients (41 boys and 67 girls, age of onset 0.4 -18 years with a median age of 8.9) and 120 nonrelated nondiabetic subjects were studied.Three polymorphic restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs), i.e., Fok I, ApaI, and TaqI, were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method.The genotype or allele frequencies were compared statistically by the 2 test.The significance of differences in each genotype for the age of onset was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test.Among the patients, the FF (n ϭ 50) and tt (n ϭ 5) genotypes were found relatively frequently, and aa (n ϭ 46) was infrequent compared with those in control subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant (P ϭ 0.14, 0.18, and 0.38 for FF, tt, and aa genotypes, respectively).There was also no significant difference in the allele frequency of each polymorphism, although the incidence of the F allele tended to be higher in the diabetic patients (P ϭ 0.051).Concerning the age of onset of diabetes, patients with the ff genotype (n ϭ 12, median 5.2 years, range 1.7-11.0)were significantly younger at onset than those with FF (n ϭ 50, 9.7 years, 0.4 -15.9, P ϭ 0.01) or Ff (n ϭ 46, 8.9 years, 0.9 -18.0,P ϭ 0.03).No significant association was observed between the TaqI or ApaI genotype and the age of onset.The ff genotype has been reported to be associated with a lower expression of VDR mRNA and reduced inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Thus, the Fok I genotype may influence the rate of the progression of insulitis by modifying the autoimmune process, which may have led to the significant difference in the age of onset.The relatively high frequency of the F allele in diabetic patients, which has also been found in Japanese adult diabetic patients (2), is apparently inconsistent with this observation.A possible explanation is that the impact of Fok I polymorphism may not be strong enough to prevent the progression of autoimmune insulitis into overt diabetes and thus does not influence susceptibility to the disease itself.In conclusion, VDR gene polymorphism does not appear to have a strong enough impact to clearly influence susceptibility to the disease itself, but Fok I polymorphism might influence the age of onset of diabetes in juvenile Japanese diabetic patients.
Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores
Authors: Donald B. Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The aim of many analyses of large databases is to draw causal inferences about the effects of actions, treatments, or interventions. Examples include the effects of various options available to a physician for treating a particular patient, the relative efficacies of various health care providers, and the consequences of implementing a new national health care policy. A complication of using large databases to achieve such aims is that their data are almost always observational rather than experimental. That is, the data in most large data sets are not based on the results of carefully conducted randomized clinical trials, but rather represent data collected through the observation of systems as they operate in normal practice without any interventions implemented by randomized assignment rules. Such data are relatively inexpensive to obtain, however, and often do represent the spectrum of medical practice better than the settings of randomized experiments. Consequently, it is sensible to try to estimate the effects of treatments from such large data sets, even if only to help design a new randomized experiment or shed light on the generalizability of results from existing randomized experiments. However, standard methods of analysis using available statistical software (such as linear or logistic regression) can be deceptive for these objectives because they provide no warnings about their propriety. Propensity score methods are more reliable tools for addressing such objectives because the assumptions needed to make their answers appropriate are more assessable and transparent to the investigator.
Challenges for the effective molecular imprinting of proteins
Authors: Ellen Verheyen, Joris P. Schillemans, Martin van Wijk, Marie-Astrid Demeniex, Wim E. Hennink, Cornelus F. van Nostrum
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)

Molecular imprinting is a technique that is used to create artificial receptors by the formation of a polymer network around a template molecule. This technique has proven to be particularly effective for molecules with low molecular weight (<1500 Da), and during the past five years the number of research articles on the imprinting of larger (bio)templates is increasing considerably. However, expanding the methodology toward imprinted materials for selective recognition of proteins, DNA, viruses and bacteria appears to be extremely challenging. This paper presents a critical analysis of data presented by several authors and our own experiments, showing that the molecular imprinting of proteins still faces some fundamental challenges. The main topics of concern are proper monomer selection, washing method/template removal, quantification of the rebinding and reproducibility. Use of charged monomers can lead to strong electrostatic interactions between monomers and template but also to undesired high aspecific binding. Up till now, it has not been convincingly shown that electrostatic interactions lead to better imprinting results. The combination of a detergent (SDS) and AcOH, commonly used for template removal, can lead to experimental artifacts, and should ideally be avoided. In many cases template rebinding is unreliably quantified, results are not evaluated critically and lack statistical analysis. Therefore, it can be argued that presently, in numerous publications the scientific evidence of molecular imprinting of proteins is not convincing.