tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cystic Hamartoma of the Left Hepatic Bile Duct
Authors: Azam Ansari
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A 35-year-old woman had intermittent obstructive jaundice due to a suspected ball-valve type mechanism at the porta hepatis, which was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cholangiogram. At reexploration, a benign cystic hamartoma of the left extrahepatic bile duct was found and removed, with no recurrence of symptoms. Pathogenesis of jaundice in unilateral extrahepatic bile duct obstruction remains obscure. (<i>JAMA</i>235:630-631, 1976)
Falls and frailty: lessons from complex systems
Authors: Abigail Nowak, Ruth E Hubbard
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Falls and frailty share many significant characteristics. Both are important health issues that affect older people, increase with increasing patient age and are multifactorial phenomena associated with adverse health outcomes. There are also important differences. Falls tend to be viewed by health professionals from a positivist perspective, as predictable events which they have a duty to try and prevent.1 Falls prevention has become an important target of United Kingdom national health policy2 and the focus of dedicated service development. Frailty, on the other hand, still lacks a precise definition3 and is viewed by some as an inevitable consequence of age‐related disease processes.4 The prevention and treatment of frailty, while being fundamental aspirations of many researchers in the ageing field, currently remain enigmatic.

One construct for understanding frailty conceptualizes the frail older person as a complex system on the threshold of breakdown.5 In this context, falls are more than just antecedents or associates of frailty but are a manifestation of complex system failure.6 When complex systems fail they exhibit predictable patterns of behaviour and this can shed light on the reason why falls are frequently the ‘atypical’ presentation of illness in frail older adults.

In this review, the association between frailty and falls is explored. We consider how the conceptualization of frailty as a complex system failure might help us understand existing evidence regarding the aetiology and prevention of falls and, most importantly, how it might impact our clinical practice.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis Following Long-term Steroid Therapy for Reticulosarcoma
Authors: P. J. S. Murray, R. A. Sladden
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Histoplasmosis is a rare disease in Britain, and disseminated histoplasmosis has seldom been diagnosed during life.This case was found by bone-marrow examination.Certain reticuloses, and the use of corticosteroid, cytotoxic, or antibiotic drugs, may predispose to infection by several agents, including opportunistic fungi (Symmers, 1964).Reactivation of infection may also occur (Silverman et al., 1955).It happens that these drugs are commonly used to treat diseases which themselves predispose to systemic mycoses.The case reported here appears to be the first example of recrudescent histoplasmosis in Great Britain following such a sequence. CASE REPORTA 66-year-old Scotswoman lived for many years in Calcutta, returning home in 1952.She contracted kala-azar in 1917, and malaria and filariasis in 1927.Recurrent swelling of the left leg was investigated in 1958, but no filarial activity was found.In September 1961 the patient entered the David Lewis Northern Hospital, Liverpool, under the care of Dr. R. B. McConnell, with enlargement of the liver, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes.Biopsy revealed cervical reticulosarcoma (Dr.R. Winston Evans) (Fig. 1).Haemoglobin was 58% and the erythrocytes gave a positive direct Coombs test.Blood transfusion was given, also prednisolone (5 mg., t.d.s.).She remained well until September 1962, when slight spleno- megaly, inguinal lymphadenopathy, pyrexia, limb bruises, and a normal blood count were found.Steroid treatment was continued.She entered Northampton General Hospital in October 1963, ill, drowsy, and pale.Obesity was marked; there was oedema of the legs, moon face, limb purpura, massive splenomegaly, and pyrexia.Haemoglobin was 94%O, falling to 49% in a fortnight.Leucocytes fell from 3,300/c.mm. to 1,500/c.mm., and the platelet count to 60,000/c.mm.E.S.R. was 55 mm./hr.(Westergren)
TCT-758 Hemodynamic Changes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) Significantly Influence Renal Function Thereby Impacting On Mortality
Authors: Lisa Voigtländer, Jury Schewel, Julia Martin, Dimitry Schewel, Christian Frerker, Peter Wohlmuth, Thielsen Thomas, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Ulrich Schäfer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Contribution of HLA Genes to Genetic Predisposition in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis
Authors: NAOTO KEICHO, KATSUSHI TOKUNAGA, KOICHIRO NAKATA, YOSHIO TAGUCHI, ARATA AZUMA, MAKOTO BANNAI, MITSURU EMI, NOBUYA OHISHI, YOSHIO YAZAKI, SHOJI KUDOH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) in East Asia is a distinctive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of unknown etiology. We hypothesize that the disease susceptibility is due to genetic predisposition unique to Asians. Association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Bw54 and the disease was previously reported. In the present study, using newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based methods, we directly analyzed HLA class I and II alleles in 76 Japanese patients. HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens were screened by the conventional typing method, and then B22-group alleles including HLA-B54 were genotyped by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Alleles of HLA-DRB1 gene were fully determined by the microtiter plate hybridization method. Thirty-seven percent of the patients possessed HLA-B*5401 allele conserved predominantly in East Asians, as compared with 15% of 110 healthy volunteers ( χ2 = 12.4, p = 0.0004). In addition, 4% of the patients possessed B*5504 also unique to Asians but a rare allele which was not found in normal control subjects in this study. Typing of HLA-DRB1 class II gene did not demonstrate strong positive association with the disease. A33, B44, and DRB1*1302 showed negative association with the disease. We conclude that distinctive molecular structure of HLA-B alleles or a closely linked gene in the HLA region contributes to genetic predisposition in diffuse panbronchiolitis. This may partly explain why this disorder is found primarily in Asians.
Determinants of Whole-Body Protein Metabolism in Subjects With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Réjeanne Gougeon, José A. Morais, Stéphanie Chevalier, Sandra Pereira, Marie Lamarche, Errol B. Marliss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—Whole-body protein metabolism is abnormal in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes and obesity. We hypothesized that glycemia, insulin resistance, and waist circumference modulate these alterations in type 2 diabetes and, to a lesser extent, in individuals without type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 88 lean and obese subjects without and 40 with type 2 diabetes on an inpatient protein-controlled isoenergetic diet for 7 days, whole-body protein turnover was measured using the fed-fasted 60-h oral 15N-glycine method. Nitrogen flux was determined from urinary 15N urea and protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance calculated. Indexes of diabetes control, resting energy expenditure (REE), and body composition were assessed. RESULTS—Higher protein turnover in obese subjects was further increased, and net balance was lower in type 2 diabetes. Waist-to-hip ratio and ln homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) explained 40% of the variance in flux in type 2 diabetes; fat-free mass and lnHOMA-IR explained 62% in subjects without type 2 diabetes. Overall, fasting glucose explained 16% of the variance in net balance. In type 2 diabetes, net balance correlated negatively with fasting glucose in men and positively with hip circumference in women. CONCLUSIONS—Kinetics of whole-body protein metabolism are elevated, and net balance is diminished in type 2 diabetes, independently of obesity. Elevated flux is associated with greater visceral adiposity, REE, and insulin resistance of glucose. In type 2 diabetic men, these alterations worsened with magnitude of hyperglycemia. In type 2 diabetic women, larger hip circumferences may protect against such alterations. Our findings suggest that dietary protein requirements may be greater in type 2 diabetes to offset a reduced net balance, aggravated as glycemia increases, especially in men.
Increased Outdoor Recreation, Diminished Ozone Layer Pose Ultraviolet Radiation Threat to Eye
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE LONG-TERM effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on the eye are of increasing concern as many people live longer and spend more of that time in outdoor recreation and as the diminishing ozone layer filters less UV light. Ultraviolet radiation is strongest at high altitude, low latitude, and open or reflective environments (sand, snow, or water). For people who lack an eye lens (aphakics), UV light is transmitted directly onto the retina. Ultraviolet light is that part of the spectrum with wavelengths from 100 to 400 nm. The visible spectrum begins at 400 nm. The UV range is subdivided into UV-A (from 320 to 400 nm), UV-B (from 290 to 320 nm), and UV-C (from 100 to 290 nm). Cumulative exposure to the 300- to 400-nm range of UV light is one factor causing cataracts. Ophthalmologists say cataracts cause visual deficits for more than 3.5 million people in the United
Treatment of Metastatic Islet Cell Carcinoma with a Somatostatin Analogue (SMS 201-995)
Authors: Larry K. Kvols, Martin Buck, Charles G. Moertel, Allan J. Schutt, Joseph Rubin, Michael J. O'connell, Richard G. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We used an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, SMS 201-995, in dosages ranging from 150 to 450 µg/d administered subcutaneously in three daily doses for 1 to 16 months, to treat 22 patients with advanced malignant islet cell carcinomas. Of the 22 patients, there were 9 with gastrinomas; 3 with glucagonomas; 4 with insulinomas; 1 with ectopic production of parathyroid hormone; and 3 with mixed syndromes. The only biochemical marker in 1 patient was pancreatic polypeptide, and 1 patient had no demonstrable peptide production from the tumor. In 14 patients, dramatic decreases in the levels of circulating peptides (insulin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, and glucagon) have been accompanied by major alleviations of symptoms. Steatorrhea appears to be the most significant toxicity. This analogue of somatostatin may be appropriate for use as early therapy in patients who have symptoms from syndromes related to islet cell carcinomas but in whom there is no immediate threat from tumor progression.
A Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for Animal Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
Authors: Takeshi Kobayashi, Annukka A.R. Antar, Karl W. Boehme, Pranav Danthi, Elizabeth A. Eby, Kristen M. Guglielmi, Geoffrey H. Holm, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Melissa S. Maginnis, Sam Naik, Wesley B. Skelton, J. Denise Wetzel, Gregory J. Wilson, James D. Chappell, Terence S. Dermody
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2007)
Letter from Bombay: On editing a book in India
Authors: S. K Pandya
Journal: BMJ (1990)

treatment, could reduce deaths among children aged 6-35 months.Even assuming a good individual efficacy, the impact of such interventions on infant and child mortality may be less than the sum of their isolated effects.'Children in areas with a high mortality are exposed to many risks, concurrent and sequential.We must also be concerned with issues of equitable distribution, cost, and operational constraints.The conditions of the experiment in The Gambia, which indicated an im- pressive impact of curative services on infant and maternal mortality, cannot be replicated here.2'While we do not ignore the potential of socioeconomic progress and environmental changes to reduce infant and maternal mortality, we have deliberately focused on health services because they seem less difficult to implement in the short term than socioeconomic reforms.Although our conclusions apply only to the area in which this study was done, we believe that the approach used, despite its exclusive focus on mortality, can help to define the required balance between preventive and curative interventions.
Tricyclic Antidepressant Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Donald S. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE FOOD and Drug Administration (FDA) recently convened a conference of experts to review the question of cardiotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs.<sup>1</sup>The main impetus for this meeting was concern over reports of changes detected in the electrocardiograms (ECGs) of children receiving imipramine hydrochloride at a dosage of 5 mg/kg<sup>2,3</sup>and of the sudden death of a child receiving a single bedtime dose of imipramine hydrochloride, 14.7 mg/ kg, for school phobia.<sup>4</sup>There is also evidence that TCAs given in therapeutic dosages alter myocardial function in adult patients<sup>5</sup>and occasionally produce heart block and tachyrhythmias in patients with a normal cardiovascular history.<sup>6-11</sup> The present concern stems from an increasing tendency of some physicians to employ higher-than-recommended dosages. Although arrhythmias do occur at standard dosages, the evidence suggests that the likelihood of producing substantial alteration in the ECG and cardiac arrhythmia is dose-related.<sup>6,8,10</sup>Thus,
RELATION OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS, NURSING STAFF, AND MEDICAL STAFF
Authors: Thomas P. Murdock
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1947 the President of the American Medical Association, Dr. Edward L. Bortz, on the recommendation of the House of Delegates, appointed a committee to study the nursing problem in the United States, with particular reference to the shortage of nurses. The members of the original Committee on Nursing Problems were Drs. Warren Draper, Howard Gray, Leland Mc--Kittrick, and Donald Smelzer, with myself as chairman.  I think it is fair to say that at that time the other members of the committee had only a general and not an intimate knowledge of the magnitude of the problem. I know it is more than safe to say that the chairman probably knew less about the nursing problem than any man in America. He was soon to learn far more than he had planned for or gambled on.  The study was an intensive and exhaustive one. During the year, the committee met
EFFECTS OF NON-CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES ON THALLIUM DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Sandy J. Riahi, Thomas D. Kay, David L. Johnson, David Romo, Mary E. Thompson, Gwynne K. Neufeld, George M. McGranahan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Johnson, David L.; Thomason, ; Kay, Thomas D.; Celio, Paul V.; Romo, David; Thompson, Mary E.; Riahi, Sandy J.; Neufeld, Gwynne K.; McGranahan, George M. Jr. Author Information
TOXIC LEUKOPENIA, WITH RECOVERY FOLLOWING INJECTION OF PENTNUCLEOTIDE
Authors: Egbert L. Burhyte
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A white boy, aged 11 months, seen by one of us, Feb. 9, 1933, was said by the mother to have had a cold for two days. The past and family histories were essentially negative. Examination showed scattered pneumonic patches throughout the right lung. The temperature was 104.8 F. by rectum. A diagnosis of bronchopneumonia was made and the child was immediately sent to the hospital. For the first nine days the course of the disease was rather typical and not worthy of comment. Roentgen examination of the chest confirmed the diagnosis of pneumonia. Examinations of the urine had given essentially negative results. On the second day the blood count showed 80 per cent hemoglobin, 4,500,000 red blood cells and 13,700 white blood cells.<sup>1</sup>Five days after admission the count was as follows: hemoglobin, 82 per cent; red blood cells, 4,600,000; white blood cells, 8,300; polymorphonuclears, 48 per cent;
NOVEL THREE DIMENSIONAL STRAIN ANALYSIS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF LV VENTRICULAR FUNCTION: HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISON BETWEEN 2D AND 3D SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Dae-Hee Kim, Jeong Yoon Jang, Jong-Min Song, Duk-Hyun Kang, Jae-Kwan Song
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Siglec-9 is a novel leukocyte ligand for vascular adhesion protein-1 and can be used in PET imaging of inflammation and cancer
Authors: Kristiina Aalto, Anu Autio, Elina A. Kiss, Kati Elima, Yvonne Nymalm, Tibor Z. Veres, Fumiko Marttila-Ichihara, Heli Elovaara, Tiina Saanijoki, Paul R. Crocker, Mikael Maksimow, Eva Bligt, Tiina A. Salminen, Marko Salmi, Anne Roivainen, Sirpa Jalkanen
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract 4023: Novel role of neurofibromin in transport of RNA granules
Authors: Vedant Arun, Joseph Wiley, Zia Karim, Abhijit Guha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is the most common tumor predisposing syndrome in humans, with an incidence of 1:3500 live births. Neurofibromin, encoded by Nf1, acts as a p21-Ras-GAP to directly interact with and inactivate p21-Ras, through its’ GAP Related Domain (GRD). Evidence suggests that non-Ras-GAP functions mediated through interactions with domains outside of the GRD are of importance. By making a number of NF1-GST domain constructs coupled with differential Mass Spec analysis, we identified LRPPRC and Dynein as previously unreported NF1-TBD interacting proteins. LRPPRC was of interest as it is mutated in the Leigh Syndrome French Canadian (LSFC) variant, a cytochrome-oxidase deficiency syndrome, characterized by neurodegeneration, developmental- mental- and growth-retardation, thereby having some similarities with non-tumor manifestations of NF1. We have established that LRPPRC and neurofibromin interact in vitro by immunoprecipitation and reverse bait immunoprecipitation. Use of a novel Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) was used to further confirm the interaction in situ in cell lines and clinical tissue cryosections. Towards elucidating the functional relevance of the interaction, we have established that the two proteins complex with microtubules and motor proteins, which indicates a role in microtubule-dependant intracellular transport. Since LRPPRC binds with mRNA and is involved in its nucleocytosolic shuttling, we hypothesize that the cargo transported by this complex could be RNA granules. Mass Spec analysis of NF1 immunoprecipitates revealed a number of proteins that are a part of the RNA granule complex which include RNA binding proteins and proteins involved in mRNA translation. By performing RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) with NF1 and LRPPRC antibodies, we have demonstrated that the two proteins do complex with 18S and 28S rRNA which is indicative of the presence of intact mRNA. Towards identifying the specific messages transported by the NF1-LRPPRC RNA granule complex we are performing RIP - microarray gene expression profiling (CHIP). The resultant candidate mRNAs will be further investigated to understand the importance of this novel interaction and novel mechanism towards some of the overlap of neurological and developmental manifestations between LSFC and NF1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4023.
Mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 differentially regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 production in dendritic cells
Authors: Masashi Ohtani, Shigenori Nagai, Shuhei Kondo, Shinta Mizuno, Kozue Nakamura, Masanobu Tanabe, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Satoshi Matsuda, Shigeo Koyasu
Journal: Blood (2008)
On the utility of diagnostic instruments for pediatric delirium in critical illness: an evaluation of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, the Delirium Rating Scale 88, and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised R-98
Authors: Nathalie J. J. F. Janssen, Eva Y. L. Tan, Marian Staal, Eveline P. C. J. Janssen, Piet L. J. M. Leroy, Richel Lousberg, Jim van Os, Jan N. M. Schieveld
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)

Delirium is a poor-prognosis neuropsychiatric disorder. Pediatric delirium (PD) remains understudied, particularly at pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Although the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS-88), and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised (DRS-R-98) are available, none have been validated for use in PICU settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of the DRS/PAED instruments as diagnostic tools for PD in the PICU.A prospective panel study was conducted, under circumstances of routine clinical care, investigating the diagnostic properties of the PAED, DRS-88, and DRS-R-98 in PICU patients at a tertiary university medical center. A total of 182 non-electively admitted, critically ill pediatric patients, aged 1-17 years, were included between November 2006 and February 2010. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Three psychometric properties were analyzed: (1) internal consistency (2) proportion of items not rateable, and (3) discriminative ability.The PAED could be completed in 144 (93.5%) patients, much more frequently than either the DRS-88 (66.9%) or the DRS-R-98 (46.8%). Compared with the clinical gold standard diagnosis of delirium, the PAED had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 98% (AUC 0.99). The optimal PAED cutoff score as a screening instrument in this PICU setting was 8. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89; discriminative ability was high.The PAED is a valid instrument for PD in critically ill children, given its reliance on routinely rateable observational signs and symptoms.
Distribution of therapeutic response in asthma control
Authors: G.L. Braunstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

To the Editor: 

The paper by Baumgartner et al. 1 raises very important questions pertaining to the interpretation and usefulness of randomised clinical trials, the use of surrogates of little relevance to the patient and the comparison of results using group average values. However, these problems are not adequately addressed.

Whilst reference is given to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines to define asthma control, the focus of the study is on percentage of asthma control days defined on a subset of asthma control measures only. This definition carries two weaknesses. First, it ignores important parameters that define asthma control. Lung function, including level of bronchial obstruction and its variability, is an …
Trials to assess equivalence: the importance of rigorous methods
Authors: B Jones, P Jarvis, J A Lewis, A F Ebbutt
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The aim of an equivalence trial is to show the therapeutic equivalence of two treatments, usually a new drug under development and an existing drug for the same disease used as a standard active comparator. Unfortunately the principles that govern the design, conduct, and analysis of equivalence trials are not as well understood as they should be. Consequently such trials often include too few patients or have intrinsic design biases which tend towards the conclusion of no difference. In addition the application of hypothesis testing in analysing and interpreting data from such trials sometimes compounds the drawing of inappropriate conclusions, and the inclusion and exclusion of patients from analysis may be poorly managed. The design of equivalence trials should mirror that of earlier successful trials of the active comparator as closely as possible. Patient losses and other deviations from the protocol should be minimised; analysis strategies to deal with unavoidable problems should not centre on an "intention to treat" analysis but should seek to show the similarity of results from a range of approaches. Analysis should be based on confidence intervals, and this also carries implications for the estimation of the required numbers of patients at the design stage.