tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Is co-trimoxazole bactericidal in sputum?
Authors: R W Lacey, E Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1973)

they have cancer may "go to pieces," by which is usually meant that they weep in the presence of their doctor, is to do with the doctor's difficulty in coping with his patient's grief.Because patients have reason not to believe their doctors, there are many who have difficulty in believing their doctor when he truthfully denies the presence of serious disease.-Iam, etc., EMANUEL LEWISLondon N.W.3Surgery on Day Patients SIR,-Mr. A. B. Cassie raises some impor- tant issues about outpatient surgery (8 September, p. 542).We have recently reviewed the results in 300 patients undergo ng major out- patient operations in this hospital.An ac-
MAPPING OF ANTIGENIC SITES ON HUMAN HAEMOGLOBIN BY MEANS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND HAEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS
Authors: G. Stamatoyannopoulos, D. Lindsley, TH. Papayannopoulou, M. Farquhar, M. Brice, P.E. Nute, G.R. Serjeant, H. Lehmann
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Suicidal Poisoning by Methapyrilene Hydrochloride with Documentation by Paper Chromatography
Authors: Arthur E. O'Dea, Maurice Liss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

METHAPYRILENE hydrochloride is marketed both as an antihistaminic and as a soporific drug under various trade names.1 As a soporific it can be purchased in any quantity without a prescription.Reports of its toxicity have been based chiefly on animal experiments.2,3 Wyngaarden and Seevers4 reviewed the literature on the toxicity of antihistaminic drugs in human beings. They recorded 11 fatal cases, 8 being in children under two years of age. Of the 3 deaths in adults, 1 was a suicide with Benadryl.5 Only 1 of the 11 cases was poisoning with methapyrilene hydrochloride.6 No toxicologic data on blood or . . .
Increased Ca-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage human heart failure results from altered phosphorylation of contractile proteins
Authors: J VANDERVELDEN, Z PAPP, R ZAREMBA, N BOONTJE, J DEJONG, V OWEN, P BURTON, P GOLDMANN, K JAQUET, G STIENEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The alterations in contractile proteins underlying enhanced Ca(2+)-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human myocardium are still not resolved. In the present study an attempt was made to reveal to what extent protein alterations contribute to the increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness in human heart failure.Isometric force and its Ca(2+)-sensitivity were studied in single left ventricular myocytes from non-failing donor (n=6) and end-stage failing (n=10) hearts. To elucidate which protein alterations contribute to the increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness isoform composition and phosphorylation status of contractile proteins were analysed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting.Maximal tension did not differ between myocytes obtained from donor and failing hearts, while Ca(2+)-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus (pCa(50)) was significantly higher in failing myocardium (deltapCa(50)=0.17). Protein analysis indicated that neither re-expression of atrial light chain 1 and fetal troponin T (TnT) nor degradation of myosin light chains and troponin I (TnI) are responsible for the observed increase in Ca(2+)-responsiveness. An inverse correlation was found between pCa(50) and percentage of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2), while phosphorylation of MLC-1 and TnT did not differ between donor and failing hearts. Incubation of myocytes with protein kinase A decreased Ca(2+)-sensitivity to a larger extent in failing (deltapCa(50)=0.20) than in donor (deltapCa(50)=0.03) myocytes, abolishing the difference in Ca(2+)-responsiveness. An increased percentage of dephosphorylated TnI was found in failing hearts, which significantly correlated with the enhanced Ca(2+)-responsiveness.The increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human hearts cannot be explained by a shift in contractile protein isoforms, but results from the complex interplay between changes in the phosphorylation status of MLC-2 and TnI.
Device licensing bodies sometimes put business before safety, an investigation finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz, D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Some of the 76 “notified bodies” that are charged with evaluating the safety and reliability of clinical devices for use in the European Union have been exposed as being more interested in attracting business than guarding the safety of patients.

The BMJ and the Daily Telegraph conducted a “secret shopper” exercise to test the processes that notified bodies use for assessing devices on behalf of national and EU regulators.1 These are commercial enterprises and issue CE certificates (signifying compliance with European standards) for toys and toasters as well as medical devices.

For the exercise the BMJ and the Daily Telegraph created an imaginary, large diameter metal on metal hip prosthesis similar to an implant that was recalled after it was found to have unacceptably high failure …
Low-Dose Aspirin for Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Julie E. Buring
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Physicians' Health Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that studied low-dose aspirin (325 mg every other day) therapy among 22,071 US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years. Annual follow-up questionnaires requested information on the occurrence of numerous medical conditions including migraine. At the end of 60 months, morbidity follow-up was 99.7% complete, and the reported consumption of aspirin or other platelet-active drugs was 86% in the aspirin group and 14% in the placebo group. Of those randomized to aspirin, 661 (6.0%) reported migraine at some time after randomization, as compared with 818 (7.4%) of those allocated to the placebo group, representing a statistically significant 20% reduction in recurrence rate. The rate of self-report of ordinary headache was similar in the two groups. These data indicate that migraine is mediated, at least in part, by the effects of platelets and suggest that low-dose aspirin should be considered for prophylaxis among those with a history of established migraine.
Is the periodic repetition of a coagulation check necessary during anti-hepatitis C virus therapy?
Authors: F Capra
Journal: Gut (2006)

Three patients are described who presented to their doctors with a history of coughing up pieces of tissue. These took the form of large bronchial casts and consisted of intrabronchial deposits of clear cell carcinoma. In one patient the pulmonary symptoms preceded the finding of a primary renal carcinoma by four years. The other two patients had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma 13 and four years previously. Expectoration of intrabronchial tumour should alert the physician to the possibility of metastasis from clear cell carcinoma of the kidney.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b in Day Care Centers-Reply
Authors: Michael E. Pichichero
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In the mid-1970s, it was recognized that the secondary attack rate of HIB infections in day-care attendees is higher than in the general population. Our study has now shown that there is also a substantial increased risk of<i>primary</i>HIB disease among children attending day-care facilities. In our county, this increased risk was greatest for younger day-care children, especially those who were younger than 1 year of age (12.3-fold greater risk). In their letter, Osterholm et al raise questions that may be misleading about our methods of determining the denominator from which relative risk rates were calculated. We appreciate the opportunity to clarify how we arrived at our figures for day-care attendance. We defined day care as any licensed "child-care site where three or more unrelated children are supervised by a nonparent for three or more hours each day."<sup>1</sup>This definition includes day-care centers and family day-care
The bacteriology of chronic venous ulcers treated with occlusive hydrocolloid dressings
Authors: B. GILCHRIST, CAROLINE REED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article The bacteriology of chronic venous ulcers treated with occlusive hydrocolloid dressings Get access B. GILCHRIST, B. GILCHRIST Department of Nursing Studies, King's College, London University, London, U.K. Mr B.Gilchrist, Lecturer in Nursing Studies, Department of Nursing Studies, 552 King's Road, London SW10 OUA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CAROLINE REED CAROLINE REED Department of Microbiology, University College Hospital, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 3, 1 September 1989, Pages 337–344, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01427.x Published: 01 September 1989
Natural killer inhibitory receptor expression associated with treatment failure and interleukin-28B genotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Lucy Golden-Mason, Kiran M. Bambha, Linling Cheng, Charles D. Howell, Milton W. Taylor, Paul J. Clark, Nezam Afdhal, Hugo R. Rosen
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells constitute a first line of defense against viral infections; their function is governed by the integration of signals from multiple activating and inhibitory surface receptors. We hypothesized that because NKs become rapidly activated by cytokines, response to anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy would be predicted by the phenotype and function of NKs. We used a cohort of 101 patients (55 African, 46 Caucasian-American) who received pegylated-interferon (IFN) and ribavirin for 48 weeks. Multiparameter FACS analysis was used to examine relative expression of 14 different inhibitory/activating receptors. Interleukin (IL)-28B genotyping (rs12979860) was also performed. Pretreatment levels of inhibitory receptors CD158a, CD158b, and CD158e were higher in patients who demonstrated poor viral decline within the first 28 days of therapy. Higher expression levels of inhibitory receptors NKG2A, CD158b, and CD158e were demonstrable in patients who failed to achieve sustained virologic response (SVR). Patients carrying the IL-28B T allele had higher NKG2A expression on effector NKs. We created a mathematical regression model incorporating race, viral level, and two inhibitory receptors. The area-under-the curve was 0.88, which is highly predictive of SVR. Moreover, the model performed complementarily with IL-28B across the CC, CT, and TT genotypes. Purified NKG2A(neg) NKs treated with pegylated-IFN-α for 4 hours demonstrated higher levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) compared with their NKG2A(pos) counterparts.These results provide novel insights into the associations of NK phenotype with IL-28B genotype and gene expression patterns, as well as the role of NKs in mediating IFN-induced viral clearance of chronic HCV infection.
Supramolecular Nanofibrils Inhibit Cancer Progression In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Yi Kuang, Xuewen Du, Jie Zhou, Bing Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Self-assembly of small peptide derivatives affords supramolecular nanofibrils that possess characteristic features of amyloid oligomers. Acting as de novo amyloid oligomers, the nanofibrils effectively inhibit the tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo, which demonstrates a new type of anticancer approach and may provide new insights for inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Water-soluble lumbar myelography.
Authors: B Parker, B R Reid
Journal: BMJ (1978)

when approximately 84 million patients had received the parenteral form.Typically, those who abuse pentazocine also abuse narcotics and other drugs.'Pentazocine alone does not produce a typical opiate abstinence syndrome,2 and withdrawal symptoms are not usually severe and do not require treatment.3In the group reported by Drs King and Betts the symptoms are described as severe; lasting more than two weeks, and resembling those of diamorphine withdrawal.Clearly this runs contrary to the general experience of pentazocine dependence.Subjective testimony alone cannot be regarded as sufficient evidence to establish which drug is being abused,4 since it is reported that analysis revealed no trace of pentazocine in six subjects alleging dependence on this drug, while in five there was evidence of morphine or pethidine usage.5Finally, the authors give no indication of the relative frequency of alleged pentazocine abuse.Comparative data are needed to put their experience into correct perspective.If these data could be made available, then the report can be properly evaluated.
Randomised trial of endoscopic endoprosthesis versus operative bypass in malignant obstructive jaundice.
Authors: J R Andersen, S M Sorensen, A Kruse, M Rokkjaer, P Matzen
Journal: Gut (1989)

In patients with obstructive jaundice caused by malignant stricture of the extrahepatic bile duct we compared survival time, complication rates, hospitalisation requirements, and quality of life after palliation by endoscopic endoprosthesis or bypass surgery. During diagnostic endoscopic cholangiography 50 patients were randomised to the two treatment alternatives. All 25 patients randomised to endoprosthesis were treated by this procedure, whereas only 19 of 25 patients randomised to bypass surgery underwent operative biliary-digestive anastomosis. Life table analysis revealed no difference in survival between treatment groups or randomisation groups. No differences were found when other variables were compared. We conclude, that palliation of obstructive jaundice in malignant bile duct obstruction with endoscopically introduced endoprosthesis is as effective as operative bypass.
Can β-Hydroxybutyrate Be Detected at the Bedside by In Vitro Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide?
Authors: James R Oster, Barbara Rietberg, Andrew L Taylor, Guido O Perez, Rajiv Chandra, Laurence B Gardner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The diagnosis of ketoacidosis with an inordinately high plasma and urinary concentration ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) to acetoacetate (AcAc) is difficult, because only AcAc and acetone react with the diagnostic reagents used clinically to detect ketones. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the claim that beta-OHB can be identified with a simple modification of the usual bedside test for ketones, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ketostix (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana). Unfortunately, the lowest detectable concentration of urinary beta-OHB was 50 mmol/L, and serum beta-OHB could not be detected at levels less than 100 mmol/L, a clinically irrelevant level. The relative insensitivity, the inapplicability to serum, and the potential hazard of the routine use of 30% H2O2 by practicing physicians or houseofficers render the method of limited value.
Changes in the Recombinational Environment Affect Divergence in the yellow Gene of Drosophila
Authors: Agustí Munte, Montserrat Aguade, Carmen Segarra
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The complete coding region of the yellow (y) gene was sequenced in different Drosophila species. In the species of the melanogaster subgroup (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, and D. erecta), this gene is located at the tip of the X chromosome in a region with a strong reduction in recombination rate. In contrast, in D. ananassae (included in the ananassae subgroup of the melanogaster group) and in the obscura group species (D. subobscura, D. madeirensis, D. guanche, and D. pseudoobscura), the y gene is located in regions with normal recombination rates. As predicted by the hitchhiking and background selection models, this change in the recombinational environment affected synonymous divergence in the y-gene-coding region. Estimates of the number of synonymous substitutions per site were much lower between the obscura group species and D. ananassae than between the species of the obscura group and the melanogaster subgroup. In fact, a highly significant increase in the rate of synonymous substitution was detected in all lineages leading to the species of the melanogaster subgroup relative to the D. ananassae lineage. This increase can be explained by a higher fixation rate of mutations from preferred to unpreferred codons (slightly deleterious mutations). The lower codon bias detected in all species of the melanogaster subgroup relative to D. ananassae (or to the obscura group species) would be consistent with this proposal. Therefore, at least in Drosophila, changes in the recombination rate in different lineages might cause deviations of the molecular-clock hypothesis and contribute to the overdispersion of the rate of synonymous substitution. In contrast, the change in the recombinational environment of the y gene has no detectable effect on the rate of amino acid replacement in the Yellow protein.
A rallying cry for medicine's old ways
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

If you’ve never been hooked on Candy Crush, like Ilora Finlay in this week’s BMJ Confidential, you may never have heard of it (doi:10.1136/bmj.g3956). You might be stuck in an ancient groove, juggling and redirecting blocks in Tetris or even playing dominoes. Every fashion has its acolytes but brings a hankering for the past. You give me Neymar and Messi, and I give you Pele and Maradona. This week’s issue is a rallying cry for medicine’s old ways, even an argument for the cyclical view of history.

Chris Ham analyses the first hundred days of Simon Stevens’ leadership of England’s NHS, and finds a desire to be radical about how services are delivered using new models of …
The population trap
Authors: I. Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In Johannesburg they talked about the scarcity of water, land, food, medicines, and education, the disappearance of forests, and the depletion in fish stocks. They talked about trade and sustainable development, and they identified, yet again, poverty, ignorance, disease, and the cussedness of the rich as the factors that keep the poor world poor, make it gradually poorer, destroy the environment and, by diminishing hope, increase hate. What they did not talk about was population growth, the demographic entrapment of many countries, and the consequences. Even if one disagrees with Maurice King, who claims that the US State Department prevents all sensible discussion about demography ( BMJ 1999;319:998-1001), one must concede his point that there is an international taboo: it is not desirable to speak about population problems.

> The covenant with Noah has been fulfilled. Man has multiplied, invaded every niche on earth 

It appears that many of the politically correct, some of those who are religious, …
Thyrotoxic Coma (Apathetic Crisis)
Authors: J. A. Weaver, A. Jones, R. A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1956)

FURRED TONGUE REDICALTJIURNAL no evidence that common disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract produce furring in the way diseases of the mouth, throat, or lungs produce furring.Similarly, in orthopaedic diseases, neuroses, eye diseases, and skin diseases furring of the tongue occurred no more commonly than in the control group (Table VI), and in fact the proportions of clean, intermediate, and furred tongues are surprisingly constant in all these groups of diseases.The cases of furred tongue that do occur are mostly to be attributed to smoking.
New Aspects of Blood Pressure Regulation
Authors: C. HEYMANS, G. VAN DEN HEUVEL-HEYMANS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Experiments show that the state of tone and contraction and thus the resistance to stretch of the arterial wall where the pressoceptors of the carotid sinus are located, are the primary factors affecting these receptors which regulate and moderate reflexly the systemic arterial pressure. Decrease of resistance to stretch of the arterial wall, where the receptors of the sinoaortic nerves which moderate reflexly the general arterial pressure are situated, could be the primary mechanism of essential hypertension.
Glutathione Peroxidase-3 Deficiency Promotes Platelet-Dependent Thrombosis In Vivo
Authors: Richard C. Jin, Christopher E. Mahoney, Laura (Coleman) Anderson, Filomena Ottaviano, Kevin Croce, Jane A. Leopold, Ying-Yi Zhang, Shiow-Shih Tang, Diane E. Handy, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3) is a selenocysteine-containing plasma protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species in the extracellular compartment. A deficiency of this enzyme has been associated with platelet-dependent thrombosis, and a promoter haplotype with reduced function has been associated with stroke risk. Methods and Results— We recently developed a genetic mouse model to assess platelet function and thrombosis in the setting of GPx-3 deficiency. The GPx-3 (−/−) mice showed an attenuated bleeding time and an enhanced aggregation response to the agonist ADP compared with wild-type mice. GPx-3 (−/−) mice displayed increased plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and decreased plasma cyclic cGMP compared with wild-type mice. ADP infusion-induced platelet aggregation in the pulmonary vasculature produced a more robust platelet activation response in the GPx-3 (−/−) than wild-type mice; histological sections from the pulmonary vasculature of GPx-3 (−/−) compared with wild-type mice showed increased platelet-rich thrombi and a higher percentage of occluded vessels. Cremaster muscle preparations revealed endothelial dysfunction in the GPx-3 (−/−) compared with wild-type mice. With a no-flow ischemia-reperfusion stroke model, GPx-3 (−/−) mice had significantly larger cerebral infarctions compared with wild-type mice and platelet-dependent strokes. To assess the neuroprotective role of antioxidants in this model, we found that manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin treatment reduced stroke size in GPx-3 (−/−) mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. Conclusions— These findings demonstrate that GPx-3 deficiency results in a prothrombotic state and vascular dysfunction that promotes platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis. These data illustrate the importance of this plasma antioxidant enzyme in regulating platelet activity, endothelial function, platelet-dependent thrombosis, and vascular thrombotic propensity.
Naturally occurring insecticides.
Authors: S B Soloway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Naturally occurring insecticides are abundant and varied in their effects, though but a few are articles of commerce. Even for these, pyrethrum, nicotine, rotenone, hellebore, ryania, and sabadilla, there is a paucity of information on mammalian toxicology and environmental effects. In general, these materials are characterized favorably by low acute toxicity and ready dissipation in nature. Unfavorable aspects of natural insecticides are the contained mixture of active and inactive components and the low active ingredient content on a crop yield basis pointing to a high unit cost. Natural insecticides can serve additionally as leads to unnatural mimics, of which the commercially successful synthetic pyrethroids are prime examples. The chemical nature, relationship of insecticidal activity to chemical structure, occurrence, production, and utilization, registered uses, metabolism, and insect and mammalian toxicity are reviewed.
Synthetic peptides in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in animals
Authors: A. R. Imondi, R. P. Stradley, R. Wolgemuth
Journal: Gut (1972)

A new approach in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been evaluated in animals. The method involves the oral administration of a chymotrypsin-labile peptide which contains p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a tracer group. In the small bowel in the presence of chymotrypsin, the PABA is split from the peptide and is rapidly absorbed. The amount of PABA (as total aromatic amines) recovered in the urine during the six hours after the dose is used as an index of exocrine pancreatic function. The procedure has been shown to be reliable in detecting surgically induced pancreatic insufficiency in rats, swine, and dogs.