tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on Placenta Praevia
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1847)

mqds ordinry articles, and many flowers.She does not fort auything which she has once seea.She -could not distinguish a plate from a saucer.28th.It is now rather difficult to find a common articl.whichshe does not recognize.I held up one of my gloves with the fingers spre4d out, and asked her whet it was.She was puzzled for a time, but at last sae gessed " a pair of gloves."Now this she had not seen hafore, but she knew the form of the hand and it colour, and she could see that the glove was not my.hand,.for Iheld it up to her, and she could also see that it had the shape of the hand.,And thus within little more than a week after-the operation, she could putt.btherher experience so as to make out that the object wbich I held before her was a glove, or as she called it, " a pair of gloves."July 2ad.A fortnight after the operation.I found her walking in the court.She could see the flowers, and could count the buds upon a rose tree at the distance of a few feet; and she could see the yellow authers of a white lily, and the separate petals.5th.She took a walk through the city and was very much intereste4 by eing the shoes, hats, wqtches, &c., in theshop.windows.She pointed tbem out hersel-andi kneW them at once, and described them to me afterwards, expressing great pleasure at being able to distinguish them.8tb.She was shewn a dove: she soon learnt to know it, and she could distinguish the ring round the neck.She expressed great delight that the first bird which she taw, should be a dove, as she had heard so much about the dove and Noah's ark.She can see the windows of the houses at a considerable distance, and could distingiishthatsome were open and others slut,,and she could see something moving in one of them,-this was a child at play.
Abstract 3309: T cell lymphoblastic leukemia in survivin TCR transgenic mice.
Authors: Yongzhi Cui, Masahiro Onozawa, Haiying Qin, Terry Fry, Peter Aplan, Crystal L. Mackall
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Survivin has been considered a potential tumor antigen due to high expression in most cancers and limited expression in normal tissues. To explore whether survivin reactive TCRs mediate antitumor effects in mice, we generated TCR transgenic (Tg) mice with specificity for the H-2b restricted immunodominant epitope of survivin. Survivin reactive T cells were CD8+ and mediated immune reactivity toward survivin peptide pulsed targets. Some antitumor reactivity was observed, but it was not potent, and the survivin TCR Tg+ cells did not mediate objective tumor regression of survivin bearing tumors. Surprisingly, spontaneous T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was observed beginning at 4-6 months of age in Tg+Rag+/- and Tg+Rag-/- mice. By one year of age, all survivin Tg+ mice succumbed to T-cell ALL. The leukemic cells were CD3+, survivin TCR+, and CD8+ or CD4-/CD8-Occurrence in 3 founders suggests that the transgene itself, rather than insertional mutagenesis, is causative. Given that survivin is expressed in the thymus, we postulated that the TCR-Tg serves as an oncogene via recognition of survivin peptides, which expands early thymic progenitors. In support of this, premalignant survivin TCR Tg+ thymi show expanded CD4-CD8-CD44-CD25- thymocytes and increased BrdU incorporation and leukemia incidence was significantly diminished TCR-Tg+β2m-/- mice. Subsequent to expansion of early thymic progenitors in response to TCR triggering, survivin TCR Tg+ cells acquire NOTCH mutations and upregulate CD25, implicating NOTCH signaling as a 2nd hit in this oncogenic process. At least one NOTCH1 mutation was found in all leukemias, with PEST (8/8), 5’ deletions (19/25) and heterodimerization mutations observed. T-ALL with NOTCH mutations was also observed at reduced frequencies, in TCR Tg mice with specificity to WT1 and gp100. We conclude that genetic engineering aimed at endowing hematopoietic or T lymphoid progenitors with the capacity to recognize tumor antigens expressed in the thymus could pose a risk for neoplasia, independent of insertional mutagenesis. Citation Format: Yongzhi Cui, Masahiro Onozawa, Haiying Qin, Terry Fry, Peter Aplan, Crystal L. Mackall. T cell lymphoblastic leukemia in survivin TCR transgenic mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3309. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3309 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for fever with neutropenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. Paul
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the effectiveness of β lactam monotherapy versus β lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in the treatment of patients with fever and neutropenia. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Lilacs, the Cochrane Library, and conference proceedings to 2002. References of included studies and contact with authors. No restrictions on language, year of publication, or publication status. <b>Study selection</b> All randomised trials of β lactam monotherapy compared with β lactam-minoglycoside combination therapy as empirical treatment for patients with fever and neutropenia. <b>Data selection</b> Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed quality assessment, and extracted data. An intention to treat approach was used. Relative risks were pooled with the random effect model. <b>Main outcome measure</b> All cause fatality. <b>Results</b> Forty seven trials with 7807 patients met inclusion criteria. Nine trials compared the same β lactam. There was no significant difference in all cause fatality (relative risk 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.02). For success of treatment there was a significant advantage with monotherapy (0.92, 0.85 to 0.99), though there was considerable heterogeneity among trials. There was no significant difference between monotherapy and combination treatment in trials that compared the same β lactam, whereas there was major advantage with monotherapy in trials that compared different β lactams (0.87, 0.80 to 0.93). Rates of superinfection were similar. Adverse events, including those associated with severe morbidity, were significantly more common in the combination treatment group. Detected flaws in methods did not affect results. <b>Conclusions</b> For patients with fever and neutropenia there is no clinical advantage in treatment with β lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy. Broad spectrum β lactams as monotherapy should be regarded as the standard of care for such patients.
Coronary artery constriction in rats affects the activation of 1 adrenergic receptors in cardiac myocytes
Authors: W. Cheng, J. Coupet, P. Li, K. Reiss, C. V Hamby, J. M Capasso, L. G Meggs, P. Anversa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: To determine whether α1 adrenergic receptor mediated myocyte contractility and growth are depressed acutely after non-occlusive coronary artery narrowing, the left coronary artery was constricted in rats and mechanical behaviour, cytosolic calcium, and regulation of α1 adrenergic receptors were examined in myocytes seven days later. Methods: Coronary artery stenosis was surgically induced in rats and following the estimation of global cardiac performance myocytes were enzymatically dissociated and radioligand binding studies were performed. In addition, the isotonic contractile performance, cytosolic calcium transients and noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate generation in myocytes were measured in the presence of WB 4101 or after chlorethylclonidine treatment. Results: Estimations of cell mechanics in vitro established that peak shortening was decreased by 36% and 18% in left and right ventricular myocytes of coronary stenosed rats. Time to peak shortening was prolonged by 29% in left and 20% in right myocytes, whereas velocity of shortening was decreased by 27% in left myocytes. These alterations were associated with increases in cell length and width, indicative of myocyte hypertrophy. In addition, coronary stenosis was accompanied by reductions in the expression of α1a and α1b receptor subtypes in myocytes α1 Adrenergic receptor density and noradrenaline stimulated phosphoinositol turnover were decreased by 30% and 34% in left myocytes. α1 Adrenergic receptor subtype mediated cytosolic calcium concentration and myocyte mechanical performance were also impaired in left myocytes only. The α1a adrenergic receptor subtype antagonist WB 4101 abolished noradrenaline stimulated inositol phosphate generation in myocytes, whereas chlorethylclonidine at large doses only partially inhibited this response. Conclusions: In conclusion, coronary narrowing leads to defects in the regulation of α1 adrenergic receptors on myocytes which are coupled with attenuation in the transmission of signals, possibly affecting mvocyte cell function and ongoing reactive cellular hypertrophy. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1070-1082
Salmeterol in nocturnal asthma: Authors' reply
Authors: M. Fitzpatrick, N. J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Results of using colour duplex sonography in 58 patients (60 limbs) with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis No No Location of thrombus false positive Specificity (%) false negative Sensitivity (%) Axial and calf veins 0 100 6 79 Axial vein 0
Docetaxel, Vinorelbine, and Zoledronic Acid as First-Line Treatment in Patients with Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: A Phase II Study
Authors: Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Riccardo Autorino, Sisto Perdonà, Michele De Laurentiis, Massimo D'Armiento, Giuseppe Cancello, Vincenzo Mirone, Ciro Imbimbo, Nicola Longo, Vincenzo Altieri, Gianpaolo Tortora, William D. Figg, Sabino De Placido
Journal: European Urology (2007)
An unusual mutation in the <i> <scp>XPG</scp> </i> gene leads to an internal in‐frame deletion and a <scp>XP</scp> / <scp>CS</scp> complex phenotype
Authors: J. Lehmann, S. Schubert, A. Schäfer, A. Apel, P. Laspe, S. Schiller, A. Ohlenbusch, A. Gratchev, S. Emmert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article An unusual mutation in the XPG gene leads to an internal in‐frame deletion and a XP/CS complex phenotype Get access J. Lehmann, J. Lehmann Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Schubert, S. Schubert Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Schäfer, A. Schäfer Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Apel, A. Apel Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Laspe, P. Laspe Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Schiller, S. Schiller Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ohlenbusch, A. Ohlenbusch Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 Göttingen Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Gratchev, A. Gratchev Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology University Medical Center Mannheim Theodor‐Kutzer‐Ufer 1–3 68167 Mannheim Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Emmert S. Emmert Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Strasse 40 37075 GöttingenGermany Correspondence: Steffen Emmert E‐mail: semmert@gwdg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 4, 1 October 2014, Pages 903–905, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13035 Published: 01 October 2014
Completing the continuum of cancer care: integrating life-prolongation and palliation
Authors: I. Byock
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2000)

Cancer care extends from diagnosis through the late stages of advanced illness as patients confront dying and their families cope with caregiving and grief. Palliative care is a rapidly developing area of clinical focus that offers valuable services to patients in terms of symptom management and adjustment to illness, including issues of life completion and life closure. It is often appropriate to offer certain elements of palliative care early in the course of illness. As disease progresses, physical comfort and enhancing quality of life increasingly become primary goals of cancer care. Specialized palliative care programs, epitomized by hospice, are invaluable resources for patients with far-advanced illness and their families. Current regulations and prevailing payment structures limit access to and the scope of hospice services and highlight the need for innovative models of delivering and financing palliative care.
ATM and ATR as therapeutic targets in cancer
Authors: Anika Maria Weber, Anderson Joseph Ryan
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014)

In order to maintain genomic stability, cells have developed sophisticated signalling pathways to enable DNA damage or DNA replication stress to be resolved. Key mediators of this DNA damage response (DDR) are the ATM and ATR kinases, which induce cell cycle arrest and facilitate DNA repair via their downstream targets. Inhibiting the DDR has become an attractive therapeutic concept in cancer therapy, since (i) resistance to genotoxic therapies has been associated with increased DDR signalling, and (ii) many cancers have defects in certain components of the DDR rendering them highly dependent on the remaining DDR pathways for survival. ATM and ATR act as the apical regulators of the response to DNA double strand breaks and replication stress, respectively, with overlapping but non-redundant activities. Highly selective small molecule inhibitors of ATM and ATR are currently in preclinical and clinical development, respectively. Preclinical data have provided a strong rationale for clinical testing of these compounds both in combination with radio- or chemotherapy, and in synthetic lethal approaches to treat tumours with deficiencies in certain DDR components. Whole genome sequencing studies have reported that mutations in DDR genes occur with a high frequency in many common tumour types, suggesting that a synthetic lethal approach with ATM or ATR inhibitors could have widespread utility, providing that appropriate biomarkers are developed.
Dyspnoea, disability, and distance walked: comparison of estimates of exercise performance in respiratory disease.
Authors: C R McGavin, M Artvinli, H Naoe, G J McHardy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Forty-four patients with airway obstruction and 18 with pulmonary infiltration were studied in an attempt to correlate exercise tolerance, as assessed by a simple walking test, with basic respiratory function values and differing subjective assessments of exercise performance. The distance walked in 12 minutes was significantly correlated with the response to a structured questionnaire and with the patients' assessment of performance using an oxygen-cost diagram. The distance walked did not agree well with simple subjective estimates obtained in the clinical history. It was better correlated with forced vital capacity than with forced expiratory volume in one second in both groups of patients, and was well correlated with carbon monoxide transfer factor in those with pulmonary infiltration. The scatter of results, however, was such that exercise performance could not usefully be predicted from the respiratory function values or from subjective assessments. Simple exercise tests are an essential part of assessing disability and response to treatment in patients with respiratory impairment.
Drug Treatment of the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: A. K. Thould
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Amoxycillin 250 mg 8 hourly (7 subjects); flucloxacil- lin 250 mg 6 hourly (6 subjects); fucidic acid 250 mg 6 hourly (6 subjects); cephradine 500 mg 6 hourly (6 subjects).Samples of SF and blood were with- drawn at 0, 30, 45, 60, 90 minutes and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 hours.Antibiotic concentrations were measured by quantitative bioassay.With these doses
CONSTIPATION IN INFANTS.
Authors: H. M. McCLANAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

My remarks are limited to a consideration of this condition in infants from birth to the age of 6 months. Within the past two years I have had twelve babies in my care, suffering with constipation, and what I shall have to say is based largely on the study of these cases. The most important fact to be determined is the true cause, and each individual case requires special study. The causes in infants are entirely different from those that pertain to children and adults. Rickets is rare in children of this age, although a frequent cause in older children. Although carefully looked for, none of the manifestations of rickets were discovered in any of my twelve cases. Want of tone in the lower bowel, due to weakness of the muscular fiber, is probably a frequent predisposing cause; but seldom is it the whole cause. The real causes may be
Diagnostic Abdominal Paracentesis
Authors: J. Gjessing, B. M. Oskarsson, P. J. Tomlin, J. Brock-Utne
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Diagnostic abdominal paracentesis was performed in 43 patients in whom the diagnosis was uncertain. It was found to be particularly useful in abdominal pain resulting from trauma. In 12 patients the findings led to their being spared a laparotomy while in several other patients they led to very early diagnosis of the lesion responsible enabling early surgical treatment to be undertaken. A false-negative result was obtained in only one patient. It is concluded that diagnostic abdominal paracentesis is an extremely reliable diagnostic aid and can lead to improved surgical care of the patient with atypical acute abdominal pain.
Investigation of the swollen limb with isotope lymphography
Authors: C.M. PROBY, J.N. GANE, A.E.A. JOSEPH, P.S. MORTIMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The usefulness of isotope lymphography was evaluated in patients with chronic lower leg swelling. Forty patients (15 male, 25 female, age range 5 months-67 years) were assigned one of six clinical diagnoses based on clinical assessments, venography and lymphography. All the patients and seven normal controls were examined with bilateral isotope lymphography involving subcutaneous injection of 0.15 ml 99mTc-antimony sulphide colloid into the first web space of each foot. The percentage uptake of isotope-colloid in the inguinal lymph nodes at 1 and 2 h was equated with lymphatic function. Highly significant (P = 0.0001) differences existed between the different clinical groups and isotope lymphography discriminated well between oedema of lymphatic and non-lymphatic origin. Isotope lymphography appears to be a safe and useful test of lymphatic function.
Hepatic Coma
Authors: S.C. Carfagno, R. F. DeHoratius, C. M. Thompson, H. P. Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

COMA is a terminal event frequently observed in patients with hepatic disease. This state is first characterized by lethargy or abnormal excitement and progresses to unconsciousness, often attended by convulsions, in the immediate period before death. The convulsions are most often focal but a localized brain lesion is seldom demonstrated at autopsy to explain them. The appearance of the disordered mental state, the convulsive episodes and the coma coincides with what appears to be serious metabolic decompensation. Fever, fetor hepaticus, deep "blowing-off" respirations, dryness of mucous membranes, muscular twitchings, oliguria and anuria are some of the findings suggestive of gross . . .
Government launches intensive media campaign on MMR
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The UK government is launching an intensive media and education campaign to try to regain public confidence in the troubled measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and reverse the slump in uptake.

A full page advertisement in support of the MMR vaccine will appear in the national press in the next few days. It will include a statement from the chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson, promoting the combined …
Long-Term Metabolic Control with Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Robert S. Mecklenburg, Edward A. Benson, James W. Benson, Brent A. Blumenstein, Paul N. Fredlund, Terin S. Guinn, Robert J. Metz, Robert L. Nielsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To determine the long-term efficacy of insulin-pump therapy, we analyzed trends in glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in 127 patients with Type I diabetes using insulin pumps for periods ranging from 13 to 47 months. In the first year of pump therapy the average glycosylated hemoglobin concentration improved in 83 per cent of the patients, as compared with the value before pump therapy. Although only 11 of the 127 subjects had normal glycosylated hemoglobin values before pump therapy, 33 had a normal average value during the first full year of pump use (P = 0.0001). This favorable trend persisted for the three-year duration of the study. Seventeen of the 19 patients who subsequently discontinued insulin-pump therapy had improved glycosylated hemoglobin values during the period of pump use. Eleven of the 19 patients remained available for follow-up study; the glycosylated hemoglobin concentration became worse in 7 when they returned to conventional treatment. We conclude that the improvement in metabolic control repeatedly demonstrated in short-term studies with the insulin pump can be maintained for a period of years.
Insulin Biosynthesis and Secretion — A Still Unsettled Topic
Authors: Albert E. Renold, Yasunori Kanazawa, André E. Lambert, Lelio Orci, Ian Burr, Luc Balant, Donald W. Beaven, Gerold M. Grodsky, Werner Stauffacher, Bernard Jeanrenaud, Charles Roviller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The mechanism of insulin biosynthesis and secretion is only partially understood, and new evidence suggests that its complexity is greater than previously thought. Thus, ultrastructural evidence indicates the presence of a discontinuous, microvesicular transfer of secretory material between rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, and further suggests that more than one morphologic mode of insulin release must be considered. Similarly, biochemical evidence suggests that stimulation of insulin release involves a multicomponent system including cyclic 3′, 5′ AMP, α and β autonomous nervous receptors, Ca++ and at least two types of substrate effects, one of them specific for certain substrates only. The complexity of the stimulatory mechanism involved is particularly well illustrated by studies with metabolic inhibitors — for example, mannoheptulose inhibits glucose-induced stimulation of insulin release, as expected, but enhances insulin release induced by tolbutamide. D-2-deoxyglucose inhibits glucose-induced but enhances pyruvate-induced or tolbutamide-induced release of the hormone.