tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MEDICAL EXPERT TESTIMONY.
Authors: HENRY M. LYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

At a recent meeting of the Practitioners' Club in this city, an hour was devoted to a discussion of the subject of expert medical testimony. There appeared to be a feeling that the method of eliciting such testimony now in vogue in the law courts of the country is imperfect, and unjust to both the accuser and the accused. An ideal picture was presented for admiration, in which judges, jurors and lawyers were depicted at the feet of an impartial and omniscient medical expert (appointed by some rather nebulous power dimly visible in the back-ground), calmly engaged in registering his decrees in all cases of medical jurisprudence. Undoubtedly, this would be the best way in an ideal society, where medical experts were omniscient and every one else was eager for the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Unfortunately, however, we do not live under such a dispensation
Genetic factors are "substantial" in aetiology of autism, study of UK twins finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Autism spectrum disorder and milder autistic traits are both caused largely by genetic factors, a large UK twin study published in JAMA Psychiatry concludes . 

The researchers examined genetic and environmental factors for a risk of autism spectrum disorder and related traits in a population based sample of all pairs of twins born in England and Wales …
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PRE-T CELL RECEPTOR
Authors: Harald von Boehmer, Hans Jörg Fehling
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1997)

▪ Abstract The pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) that minimally consists of the TCRβ chain and the disulfide-linked pre-T cell receptor alpha (pTα) chain in association with signal-transducing CD3 molecules rescues from programmed cell death cells with productive TCRβ rearrangements. The pre-TCR induces expansion and differentiation of these cells such that they become TCRαβ bearing CD4 + 8 + thymocytes, which express only a single TCRβ chain and then either die of neglect or—upon TCR-ligand interaction—undergo either positive or negative selection. The newly discovered pTα gene encodes a transmembrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily and contains a cytoplasmic tail that, however, has no essential function in signal transduction, which is mediated by CD3 molecules and most likely p56 lck . Experiments in pTα gene–deficient mice show that the pre-TCR has a crucial role in maturation as well as allelic exclusion of αβ T cells but is not required for the development of γδ-expressing cells. The function of the pre-TCR cannot be fully assumed by an αβ TCR that is expressed abnormally early in T cell development.
The Value of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Michael Court
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The issues surrounding self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) are interesting and complex. Recently published American Diabetes Association (ADA) Position Statements (1–3) encourage the use of SMBG in all diabetic patients and urge governments and other payers to meet the cost. Until 6 months ago, however, reliable data to support these views in patients with type 2 diabetes have not been available.

At first sight, the recent report by Franciosi et al. (4) appears to make conclusions contrary to the ADA Position Statements, but closer examination reveals this not to be the case. Franciosi studied 2,855 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from 204 different centers. Different methodologies for HbA1c …
DIPHTHERIA PROPHYLAXIS AMONG ASTHMATIC PATIENTS
Authors: GEORGE L. WALDBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Because of the increased popularity of diphtheria immunization, physicians are quite frequently facing the question whether or not diphtheria toxin-antitoxin should be administered to asthmatic patients. Since the studies of Walker, 1 it has been generally recognized that animal serums can act as offensive proteins to allergic individuals and are liable to bring on their attacks. Furthermore, bacterial products, endotoxins as well as ectotoxins, are known as causative agents for asthma. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view at least, caution should be recommended in the administration of toxin-antitoxin to asthmatic patients.  The practical experience, however, as far as it is evidenced by the literature, does not seem to bear out this consideration. Bauer and Wilmer, 2 in their experience with about 100 asthmatic children whom they observed for more than five years, did not notice any adverse sequelae following toxin-antitoxin injections. Fifteen of these children who were previously sensitive
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Outflow Width in the Selection of Mitral Valve Prosthesis
Authors: NAVIN C. NANDA, RAYMOND GRAMIAK, PRAVIN M. SHAH, JAMES A. DEWEESE, EARLE B. MAHONEY
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Assessment of left ventricular outflow tract (LVO) width was made from preoperative mitral valve echocardiograms in 26 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis who later had valve replacement. LVO width was measured as the minimum space between the ventricular septal echo and the anterior mitral leaflet at beginning systole. Prosthesis encroachment on LVO (PE) was estimated by comparing the length of the poppet expected to protrude into the LVO in systole with LVO width determined by ultrasound (poppet length/LVO width x 100). Group 1 (12 patients) had normal LVO widths (≥20 mm) and received Starr-Edwards prostheses. There was one in-hospital death in this group. Group 2 (seven patients) had narrow LVO (&lt;20 mm) and also received Starr-Edwards prostheses. Five patients died, four of them due to low cardiac output syndrome. Group 3 (seven patients) also had narrow LVO, but Cross-Jones disc prostheses were used. Only one died. The high mortality in Group 2 appears to be related to obstruction of LVO by the caged ball prosthesis; PE in this group ranged from 60% to 80% while it was less than 50% in all but two patients in Group 1. A low profile prosthesis appears desirable when the LVO width measures &lt;20 mm by echocardiography.
Evaluating Competence in Medical Students
Authors: Lasya Gaur, Susan Skochelak
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C11-Acetate and F-18 FDG PET for Men With Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Evan Y. Yu, Mark Muzi, Joy A. Hackenbracht, Brian B. Rezvani, Jeanne M. Link, Robert Bruce Montgomery, Celestia S. Higano, Janet F. Eary, David A. Mankoff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

This study tested the feasibility of C11-acetate (acetate) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess response to therapy in men with bone metastatic prostate cancer and compared results for disease detection and response evaluation with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET.Men with ≥3 prostate cancer bone metastases identified by Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy and/or computed tomography were enrolled in a prospective study of serial acetate and FDG PET imaging. Patients were imaged before and 6 to 12 weeks after initial androgen deprivation therapy for new metastatic prostate cancer or first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Qualitative assessment and changes in the tumor:normal uptake ratio were used to assess response by both acetate and FDG PET. In addition, the detection of bone metastases pretherapy was compared for acetate and FDG PET.A total of 8 patients with documented bone metastases were imaged, of which 6 were imaged both pre- and post-therapy. Acetate PET detected bone metastases in all 8 patients, whereas FDG PET detected lesions in 6 of the 7 imaged patients. Acetate PET generally detected more metastases with a higher tumor:normal uptake ratio. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of post-treatment response correlated with composite clinical designations of response, stable disease, or progression in 6 of 6 and 5 of 6 by acetate and 4 of 5 and 3 of 5 by FDG PET, respectively.In this pilot study, results indicate that acetate PET holds promise for response assessment of prostate cancer bone metastases and is complementary to FDG PET in bone metastasis detection.
Eli Lilly settles corrupt foreign practices complaint for $29.4m
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The drug company Eli Lilly and Co has agreed to a $29.4m (£18.2m; €22.3m) settlement with the US Securities and Exchange Commission for violation of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in a legal agreement signed on 20 December.1 The 1977 antibribery act made it “unlawful for certain classes of persons and entities to make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business.”

The settlement concerns activities by Lilly subsidiaries in Brazil, China, Poland, and Russia, some as early as 1994. Company headquarters learnt of some of the activities but didn’t do enough to halt them.

In Brazil the activities involved …
Cancellation of debt must ensure maximum benefit to vulnerable
Authors: D. Southall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—It should be difficult for any doctor to ignore Abbasi's recent article on “third world” debt.1 The state of health care available to families in between half and two thirds of the world is unacceptable, and the great differences in quality of health care between rich and poor countries are unethical.2 However, the experiences of our aid agency in trying to develop hospital care …
CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells confer long-term regulation of factor VIII–specific immune responses in plasmid-mediated gene therapy–treated hemophilia mice
Authors: Carol H. Miao, Benjamin R. Harmeling, Steven F. Ziegler, Benjamin C. Yen, Troy Torgerson, Liping Chen, Roger J. Yau, Baowei Peng, Arthur R. Thompson, Hans D. Ochs, David J. Rawlings
Journal: Blood (2009)
Negative inotropic and relaxant effects of cocaine on myopathic human ventricular myocardium and epicardial coronary arteries in vitro
Authors: C. L Perreault, N. L Hague, K. G Morgan, P. D Allen, J. P Morgan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Negative inotropic and relaxant effects of cocaine on myopathic human ventricular myocardium and epicardial coronary arteries in vitro Get access Cynthia L Perreault, Cynthia L Perreault The Charles A Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA: C L Perreault, N L Hague, K G Morgan, J P Morgan; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA: P D Allen. Correspondence to Dr J P Morgan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nancy L Hague, Nancy L Hague The Charles A Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA: C L Perreault, N L Hague, K G Morgan, J P Morgan; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA: P D Allen. Correspondence to Dr J P Morgan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kathleen G Morgan, Kathleen G Morgan The Charles A Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA: C L Perreault, N L Hague, K G Morgan, J P Morgan; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA: P D Allen. Correspondence to Dr J P Morgan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul D Allen, Paul D Allen The Charles A Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA: C L Perreault, N L Hague, K G Morgan, J P Morgan; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA: P D Allen. Correspondence to Dr J P Morgan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James P Morgan James P Morgan The Charles A Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA: C L Perreault, N L Hague, K G Morgan, J P Morgan; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA: P D Allen. Correspondence to Dr J P Morgan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 262–268, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.2.262 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 09 March 1992 Accepted: 23 May 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
US trade rep is pressing Indian government to forbid production of generic cancer drug, consortium says
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US government’s opposition to the generic manufacture of a cancer drug has been described as an “endorsement of excessive pricing, a rejection of the goal of access to medicine for all, and a death sentence for leukaemia patients” in a letter from an international network of people affected by cancer.

The letter, written by the Union for Affordable Cancer Treatment to Michael Froman, the US trade representative, alleged that he is using his position to pressure the Indian government to deny patients access to affordable generic versions of dasatinib.

Made by US firm Bristol-Myers Squibb, dasatinib (marketed as Sprycel) is used to treat both Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia when patients do not respond to other treatments.

Bristol-Myers Squibb …
UNUSUAL VIRUS FROM POLIOMYELITIC SPINAL CORD
Authors: Alex J. Steigman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —We have recently isolated, from the spinal cord of a child with typical clinical and histological poliomyelitis, a filterable agent (Kentucky virus) that is not related immunologically to the three standard types of poliomyelitis. Human immune globulin neutralizes Kentucky virus in high titer. To date, all positive results with this virus have been achieved only in tissue culture. The Kentucky virus was obtained from the spinal cord of a child 18 days after onset of illness, a time at which the recovery of poliomyelitis virus is difficult because of the very small amounts of virus then present. The thalamus of each of two monkeys was inoculated with the human spinal cord suspension; both animals remained well and free of lesions. The virus was probably present in very low titer since only one of three attempts yielded the
Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women's intrasexual aggression
Authors: Anne Campbell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Females' tendency to place a high value on protecting their own lives enhanced their reproductive success in the environment of evolutionary adaptation because infant survival depended more upon maternal than on paternal care and defence. The evolved mechanism by which the costs of aggression (and other forms of risk taking) are weighted more heavily for females may be a lower threshold for fear in situations which pose a direct threat of bodily injury. Females' concern with personal survival also has implications for sex differences in dominance hierarchies because the risks associated with hierarchy formation in nonbonded exogamous females are not offset by increased reproductive success. Hence among females, disputes do not carry implications for status with them as they do among males, but are chiefly connected with the acquisition and defence of scarce resources. Consequently, female competition is more likely to take the form of indirect aggression or low-level direct combat than among males. Under patriarchy, men have held the power to propagate images and attributions which are favourable to the continuance of their control. Women's aggression has been viewed as a gender-incongruent aberration or dismissed as evidence of irrationality. These cultural interpretations have “enhanced” evolutionarily based sex differences by a process of imposition which stigmatises the expression of aggression by females and causes women to offer exculpatory (rather than justificatory) accounts of their own aggression.
London after Tomlinson. Care in the capital: what needs to be done.
Authors: D. Metcalfe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

One of the aims of the Tomlinson report is to shift more care from the secondary to the primary sector in London. But the primary sector is already underresourced and overloaded. The capital has a heterogeneous population which often makes inappropriate demands on general practitioners. Many premises are inadequate and there are insufficient support staff. David Metcalfe emphasises that London is special and that the shift will not become a reality unless these problems are tackled. He suggests the establishment of different models of practice centres which could treat some of the patients who now go to accident and emergency departments. Some would be the night emergency service base, some would have primary care beds, and each would have a different mix of specialist support.
Life Imitates Work
Authors: Tia Powell
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid appraisal of needs in reproductive health care in southern Sudan: qualitative study
Authors: C. A Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To identify the need for reproductive health care among a community affected by conflict, and to ascertain the priority given by the community to reproductive health issues. <b>Design:</b> Rapid appraisal. This comprised interviews with key informants, in-depth interviews, and group discussions. Secondary data were collated. Freelisting, ranking, and scenarios were used to obtain information. <b>Setting:</b> Communities affected by conflict in southern Sudan. <b>Participants:</b> Interviews and group discussions were chosen purposively. Twenty interviews with key informants were undertaken, in-depth interviews were held with 14 women, and 23 group discussions were held. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Need for reproductive health care. Perceived priority afforded to reproductive health issues in comparison with other health problems. <b>Results:</b> Reproductive health in general and sexually transmitted diseases in particular were important issues for these communities. Problems in reproductive health were ranked differently depending on the age and sex of the respondents Perceptions about reproductive health issues in communities varied between service providers, and community leaders. Settled and displaced communities had different priorities and differing experiences of reproductive health problems and their treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> Rapid appraisal could be used as the first step to involving communities in assessing needs and planning service provision. <h3>Key messages</h3> Community members are not routinely involved in assessing their needs or identifying priorities for humanitarian aid Reproductive health needs were important to this population affected by conflict Community leaders and health service providers will not necessarily hold the same view of need as community members People of different age, sex, and circumstance are likely to perceive community needs differently Rapid appraisal may be a useful tool to involve communities living in these contexts to identify their needs and priorities
A Visit with Osler
Authors: Reginald Fitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THOSE of us who were house officers at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the summer of 1910 will remember that the weather seemed continuously hot and that a great many citizens appeared to have typhoid fever. The medical wards were filled with the disease; during June, July and August we grew almost too familiar with its looks and with the dire manifestations of hemorrhage or perforation. But there were compensations: our sickest patients somehow often managed to grow well; not all hemorrhages were fatal; occasionally our surgical colleagues would sew up a perforated intestine and make us realize the miracle . . .