tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Roy Cooke Tyldesley
Authors: Norman H L Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

General practitioner Kingswood, Bristol, 1953-86 (b Swinton 1921; q Edinburgh 1951; FRCGP), died from bladder cancer on 5 October 2005.

Roy Tyldesley decided to enter medical school after serving in the Friends Ambulance Unit during the second world war. His early house jobs were in Dublin and Derby, and he took up general practice in Bristol in 1953. Roy was a GP trainer and he undertook sessions in psychiatry for the Bristol University Student Health Service. He was also medical officer to the local Kraft factory and worked for BUPA Health Screening. He remained a member of the Society of Friends throughout his life. He leaves a wife, Joan; three children; and a granddaughter.
Air pollution as a carcinogen
Authors: K. Bhaskaran, B. Armstrong, P. Wilkinson, A. Haines
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Further strengthens the rationale for accelerating progress towards a low carbon economy

The possibility that air pollution might increase the risk of cancer is not a new idea. Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill initially believed that general atmospheric pollution from car exhaust fumes, surface dust of tarred roads, gas works, industrial plants, and coal fires might be responsible for the increased incidence of lung cancer in the first half of the 20th century. However, their landmark 1950 paper implicated tobacco smoking and set the direction for decades of research that firmly established smoking as a leading cause of lung cancer.1 By contrast, research into other possible causes was relatively neglected, and further evidence on the effects of air pollution was slow to accumulate.

However, more than 60 years later, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has released a monograph concluding that there is sufficient evidence to establish outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans.2 This conclusion is based on consistent associations between pollution levels and the risk of lung cancer in animals and humans, as well as strong mechanistic evidence. …
Survey of recently appointed consultants in geriatric medicine.
Authors: W H Barker, J Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

There is much to recommend geriatrics as a specialty comparable to paediatrics.The creation of such a specialty would stimulate those with a leaning to this type of work and raise the standard of the work done."'Forty years after Dr Warren's prophetic statement geriatric medicine, which originated with her work in a former Poor Law institution, is well established and is among the largest hospital based clinical specialties in Great Britain, with consultants located in virtually every health district.'Standards for facilities and professional staffing ofgeriatric services have been developed by the British Geriatrics Society and adopted by the Department of Health and Social Security,3 and standards for postgraduate specialist training in geriatric medicine have been promulgated by the Joint Committee on Higher Medical Training.4Academic departments with professorial chairs have been established in half of the medical schools in the country and education in geriatric medicine was required in the curriculum ofall but two medical schools as of 198 1.' Despite these manifestations of successful development, geriatric medicine remains for some a poorly understood specialty whose existence has been the subject of lively debate, including sugges- tions that it is best considered as part of general medicine."2The latter notion has led to the creation of several consultant appointments in general medicine with special responsibility for the elderly.II As one approach to defining the current status of the specialty we conducted a survey of physicians recently appointed to consultant posts in geriatric medicine or in general medicine with responsibility for the elderly.We thought that a profile of modern geriatric medicine derived from the experiences of its most recent consultant recruits would help health policy planners, medical educators, and medical students and trainees, both in Great Britain and in other industrialised countries, all of whom are aware of the growing need for training doctors to respond adequately to the "geriatric im- perative."'4Furthermore, the study afforded an opportunity to compare the career paths of those appointed in full time geriatric posts with those appointed to posts in general medicine with responsibility for the elderly, as recommended by the Royal College of Physicians in 1977.9 MethodsA self administered questionnaire was pilot tested among ap- proximately 20 recently appointed consultants and senior registrars
Penicillamine and Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: CARY E. FEIBLEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Penicillamine and Pemphigus VulgarisCARY E. FEIBLEMAN, M.D.CARY E. FEIBLEMAN, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-717_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Stein and colleagues (1) have published a fine article on the adverse effects of D-penicillamine. As a dermatologist I believe it is important to inform your readers of a recently described, quite serious dermatological adverse effect of penicillamine not mentioned in Stein's study.Several authors have now reported pemphigus vulgaris occurring in patients treated with penicillamine (2-4). The clinical pattern has varied from localized lesions to widespread bullae. Direct immunofluorescence is positive for intercellular space antibody deposition and the indirect titer is usually low. In most cases the blistering disease has responded to low dose corticosteroids or...References1. STEINPATTERSONOFFERATKINSTEUFELROBINSON HARCAH. Adverse effects of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:24-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BENVENISTECROUZETHOMBERG MJJ. Pemphigus induced by D-penicillamine in rhematoid polyarthritis. Nouv Presse Med. 1975;4:3125-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HAYMULLERREADE KHP. D-Penicillamine-induced mucocutaneous lesions with features of pemphigus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1977;36:520-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. MARSDENRYANVANHEGAN RTR. Pemphigus foliaceus induced by penicillamine. Br Med J. 1976;2:1423-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 717-717KeywordsBlistersDirect immunofluorescenceLesions Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional Evaluation of Coronary Bypass Surgery by Exercise Testing and Oxygen Consumption
Authors: TIMOTHY E. GUINEY, JOEL J. RUBENSTEIN, CHARLES A. SANDERS, ELDRED D. MUNDTH
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The short-term effects of coronary bypass surgery were evaluated in 40 male anginal patients with 100% follow-up. Bicycle ergometry was performed pre- and postoperatively (three to eight months). The rate-pressure product (RPP) at angina and 1.0 mm ST segment change was recorded as well as oxygen consumption at the end of each three-minute work load. All but three survivors (92%) reported symptomatic improvement. Mortality was 5% (2/40). Among survivors morbidity included 29% (11/38) with apparent intra- or perioperative infarctions (new Q waves). In 20 postoperative patients (50%) neither angina nor ST changes could be elicited when exercised to fatigue. RPP at fatigue was increased an average of 48%. The highest measured oxygen consumption increased an average of 61%. Ten patients (25%) developed angina or ST changes at a higher RPP. O 2 consumption in this group was unchanged (–3%). Five patients (12.5%) had no change or lower RPP at angina or ischemia. Their oxygen consumption was uniformly worse. Three patients (7.5%) were unable to exercise to preoperative RPP levels and could not be assessed. While the majority of revascularized patients are improved, the disparity between symptomatic and functional improvement reinforces the need for objective testing to determine the true effects of bypass surgery.
100 Peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) with or without ribavirin in the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: Preliminary report of a randomized study
Authors: A. Petrolati, R. Lionetti, F. Donato, M. Merli, P. Burra, P. Angeli, M. Strazzabosco, G. Tisone, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Antithrombin III kumamoto II; A single mutation at Arg393‐his increased the affinity of antithrombin III for heparin
Authors: Kenji Okajima, Hiroki Abe, Masako Wagatsuma, Hiroaki Okabe, Kiyoshi Takatsuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Abnormal antithrombin III (AT III) was found in a 30‐year‐old woman who suffered from recurrent thrombosis during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Among her family members, only her father had recurrent episodes of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, from his youth. The antithrombin and antifactor Xa heparin cofactor activities of the proposita's plasma were 61% and 42% of normal, respectively. The progressive antithrombin and antifactor Xa activities were also decreased to 55% and 58% of normal, respectively. The immunoreactive level of AT III was within the normal range (23.1 mg/dl). Analysis of the proposita's plasma by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of heparin and by affinity chromatography on heparin‐Sepharose revealed that the proposita's AT III had apparently normal affinity for heparin. Nucleotide sequencing of 7 exons of the proposita's AT III gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) disclosed that the second base of codon 393 comprised both G and A, indicating Arg393‐His conversion. The base sequences of exons 1,2,3a, 3b, 4, and 5 were normal, excluding any other mutation. These findings indicated that the proposita's AT III was a variant of AT III at the thrombin binding site and that the proposita was a heterozygote for the abnormality. Heparin affinity of purified abnormal AT III from the proposita's plasma was demonstrated to be increased upon affinity chromatography using heparin‐Sepharose, suggesting that the mutation (Arg393‐His) per se could possibly increase the affinity of antithrombin III for heparin. For this variant AT III (Arg393‐His), the name AT III Kumamoto II is proposed. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical Student: Doctor in the Making
Authors: Mark Siegler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Medical education is a unique educational experience. Its ingredients are a subtle mix of scientific background and vocabulary, clinical skills and clinical thinking, and professionalization to the role of physician. At each stage of the process these are all flavored by the students' emotional responses. The dual educational experience, requiring simultaneous affectual and cognitive learning, has the potential for providing greater growth and development than have other educational undertakings. The medical and educational literature is replete with analysis for improving the technical competence of medical students. Since Alan Gregg's classic work written in the thirties, relatively little attention has been paid to analyzing students' psychological and emotional responses and personal development. Dr. Knight, Professor of Psychiatry and Dean of Admissions at Tulane University, has utilized his considerable background as an observer of the human condition, and as a counselor and teacher of medical students, in addressing himself to the question
Call for global action on antibiotic resistance
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Scientists have called for a global surveillance network of antibiotic resistance as part of a package of measures to tackle the growing problem.

Delegates attending a three day conference at Uppsala University in Sweden also called for private and public sectors to work together to invest in research and development of new antibiotics and diagnostic tools.

The conference, The Global Need for Effective Antibiotics—Moving Towards Concerted Action, was attended by 190 delegates from 45 countries representing academia, industry, politics, and public health organisations.

Otto Cars, professor of infectious diseases at Uppsala University, said: “For 70 years the world has mismanaged the common good of antibiotics resulting in a growing burden of …
Revised Statement on Fluoridation
Authors: Dean C. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Few health measures have been accorded greater clinical and laboratory research, epidemiological study, massive clinical trial of total community populations, and public attention, both favorable and adverse, than the fluoridation of public water supplies.  In 1957, the American Medical Association (AMA) issued a position statement relative to fluorides and public water supplies (based on what was then known through trial and study). It is timely to update this statement as there now exist extensive additional experimental, clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data confirming the safety and efficacy of this important essential nutrient .  In evaluating these data, the AMA has directed major interest at several aspects of fluoridation: its clinical effectiveness in public water supplies, factors of safety, range of effectiveness, as well as determination of levels of toxicity or other undesirable effects. The mechanics and control of the addition or removal of fluorides from water supplies have been reviewed. A complete
Shark Fin Consumption May Expose People to Neurotoxic BMAA
Authors: Wendee Holtcamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Shark finning is a lucrative practice-these shark fins are being sold for $208 and $198 a pound at this store in San Francisco's Chinatown in 2011.In Chinese culture, serving shark-fin soup is a symbol of wealth and good fortune.
The Illness Attitude Scales
Authors: Laura Sirri, Silvana Grandi, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) were developed by Robert Kellner as a clinimetric index for measuring hypochondriacal fears and beliefs (worry about illness, concerns about pain, health habits, hypochondriacal beliefs, thanatophobia, disease phobia, bodily preoccupations, treatment experience and effects of symptoms). The IAS have been extensively used in the past two decades, but there has been no comprehensive review of their properties and applications. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A review of the literature using both computerized (Medline, PsycINFO) and manual searches was performed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The IAS were found to successfully discriminate between hypochondriacal patients and control subjects, and between patients with various manifestations of illness behaviour. They showed a high test-retest reliability in normal subjects, and changed in the expected direction after treatment of hypochondriasis. The IAS were also positively related to other hypochondriasis-related measures, and yielded important information in a variety of medical and surgical settings. Their content has paved the way for the development of some of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The clinimetric properties and high sensitivity of the IAS make them the gold standard for the self-rated assessment of hypochondriacal fears and beliefs.
Range of Movement of Testicle
Authors: D. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL JOURNALirritation had completely disappeared.There was a definite history of allergy in this patient, when as a young girl she suffered with severe asthma.COMMENT Not infrequently pregnant women exhibit urticaria, but in most cases it can be related to an external cause, the removal of which brings about the disappearance of the rash, sometimes accelerated by the use of antihistamines.In the three cases described above, lichen urticatus was due to the foetus or placenta only, and persisted until the cause was removed with the expulsion of the child and placenta.In all three cases relief from irritation occurred soon after, and the papular urticaria began to fade as quickly, finally disappearing when the last traces of the antigenic substances were removed from the blood.
Direct Targeted Quantitative Molecular Imaging of Neurotransmitters in Brain Tissue Sections
Authors: Mohammadreza Shariatgorji, Anna Nilsson, Richard J.A. Goodwin, Patrik Källback, Nicoletta Schintu, Xiaoqun Zhang, Alan R. Crossman, Erwan Bezard, Per Svenningsson, Per E. Andren
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Preservation of endothelial cell structure and function by intracoronary perfluorochemical in a canine preparation of reperfusion.
Authors: M B Forman, D W Puett, S E Bingham, R Virmani, M V Tantengco, R T Light, A Bajaj, R Price, G Friesinger
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To determine the effect of intracoronary perfluorochemical on endothelial cell structure and function, 16 dogs were randomized to receive either low-dose (15 ml/kg) intracoronary perfluorochemical (Fluosol-DA) or saline after 90 min of proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The animals underwent reperfusion for 60 min with the introduction of perfluorochemical or saline 5 to 10 min after the onset of reperfusion. Endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory reserve was determined in vivo both at baseline and 1 hr after reperfusion by infusion of acetylcholine and then serotonin into the distal LAD bed in 12 animals (six in each group). Both agonists significantly increased regional flow measured by 133Xe washout in the two groups before occlusion, but at 1 hr after reperfusion only animals given perfluorochemical demonstrated a significant increase in flow. Vasodilatory reserve was assessed in vitro with cumulative dose-response curves to acetylcholine on LAD rings proximal and distal to the snare in all animals. These studies demonstrated a significant reduction in endothelial cell-mediated relaxation of epicardial arterial segments in the ischemic segment of control but not treated animals. Light microscopy revealed the presence of neutrophils within vessels in the ischemic zones in control animals only. Electron microscopy showed capillary obstruction by endothelial cell protrusions and neutrophil and red cell plugging in control animals in the ischemic region but an intact endothelium and predominantly unobstructed capillaries in treated animals. These findings suggest that the structural and functional endothelial damage after reperfusion may be prevented by the administration of intracoronary perfluorochemical after the onset of reperfusion.
Inhibition of vasoactive amine induced contractions of vascular smooth muscle by hydrogen peroxide in rabbit aorta
Authors: T. Iesaki, T. Okada, H. Yamaguchi, R. Ochi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aims were to investigate the effects of H2O2 on arterial contractions induced by vasoactive amine agonists and a high concentration of potassium ions (high K+) in vitro and to explore the possible underlying mechanism(s) involved. Methods: Isometric tension of rabbit isolated aortic strips was measured and the effects of pretreatment with H2O2 on contractions induced by phenylephrine and high K+ were compared. The effects of H2O2 on precontracted strips were determined in the presence and absence of the aortic endothelium and compared with those of acetylcholine. Results: The tension developed in response to an agonist was expressed as a percentage of the contraction induced by high K+ (64.7 mM) supervision. Pretreatment with 300 μM H2O2 reduced the mean phenylephrine (0.3 μM) induced contraction from 96.2(SEM 1.4) to 61.8(2.8)%; the effect was stable and reversed by washing out the H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide relaxed phenylphrine precontracted strips with and without endothelium but it showed no relaxant effect when the strips were precontracted by high K+, whereas acetylcholine (1 μM) induced transient relaxation of high K+ precontracted strips by 27.8(2.9)%. The relaxant effect of H2O2 was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), desferrioxamine (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), or diphenylphenylenediamine (a lipophilic antioxidant). Conclusions: H2O2 inhibits vasoactive amine induced contractions of the vascular smooth muscle of rabbit aorta in vitro without affecting voltage dependent Ca2+ influx or contractile machinery. The mechanism responsible for its inhibitory effects may be related to impairments of the cellular signalling reactions initiated by the agonists. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:963-968
Effects of bretylium and lidocaine on ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rabbit heart
Authors: V. ARAVINDAKSHAN, L. S. GETTES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

We studied the effects of bretylium tosylate and lidocaine on ventricular fibrillation in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart induced by perfusion with potassium-deficient solutions and by premature stimuli. The purpose of the study was to determine if the reported antifibrillatory effects of the drugs could be reproduced in the absence of an intact sympathetic nervous system. Lidocaine in the concentration of 5 μg/ml. prevented ventricular fibrillation induced by both methods while bretylium, in concentrations of 25 to 50 μg/ml. prevented neither type of fibrillation. These results indicate that the antifibrillatory effects of lidocaine can be attributed to drug-induced alterations in cellular electrophysiology, whereas those of bretylium are independent of such changes. Our study suggests that the reported antifibrillatory capability of bretylium is related to the drug's effects at sympathetic nerve terminals and thus is dependent upon an intact sympathetic nervous system.
Supramolecular adducts of squaraine and protein for noninvasive tumor imaging and photothermal therapy in vivo
Authors: Fu-Ping Gao, Yao-Xin Lin, Li-Li Li, Ya Liu, Ulrich Mayerhöffer, Peter Spenst, Ji-Guo Su, Jing-Yuan Li, Frank Würthner, Hao Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Does Splenectomy Predispose to Infection?
Authors: Samuel Saslaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Does Splenectomy Predispose to Infection?Samuel Saslaw, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Samuel Saslaw, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1088_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent years the question has been raised as to whether hypersusceptibility to infection occurs in splenectomized persons. Opinions have differed from clinic to clinic based on many variables including particularly the underlying disease for which splenectomy was performed. Experimental infections in animals have yielded varied results based on agent used and species of animal employed. However, studies in primates have not been adequately investigated. The monkey's anatomy, cellular and humoral responses, and relative spleen size simulates that of man. Thus, studies were conducted in this laboratory to compare the response of normal and splenectomized monkeys to intravenous or aerosol... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samuel Saslaw, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1088-1088KeywordsResearch laboratoriesSpleenSplenectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bacterial co-infection and interpretation of immunological data from BAL fluid specimens in severe RSV bronchiolitis
Authors: M Eisenhut
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Thorburn et al reported on pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.1 The authors found that 40% of children with severe RSV infection were infected with bacteria in their lower airways. The most commonly isolated organism was Haemophilus influenzae , a Gram negative lipopolysaccharide producing organism.

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