tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peroxynitrite alters the catalytic activity of rodent liver proteasomein vitro andin vivo
Authors: Natalia A. Osna, James Haorah, Viatcheslav M. Krutik, Terrence M. Donohue
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The proteasome is an important multicatalytic enzyme complex that degrades misfolded and oxidized proteins, signal transduction factors, and antigenic peptides for presentation. We investigated the in vitro effects of peroxynitrite (PN) on the peptidase activity of both crude 20S and 26S and purified 20S proteasome preparations from rat liver as well as proteasome activity in Hep G2 cells and in mouse liver. Crude and purified proteasome preparations were exposed to PN or to the PN donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), and then assayed for chymotrypsin-like activity. For in vivo experiments, mice were treated with molsidomine, which is metabolized to SIN-1 in liver. PN and SIN-1 dose-dependently modulated the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome: lower concentrations enhanced proteasome activity, and higher concentrations caused its decline. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), at all concentrations, suppressed 20S proteasome activity. We observed similar results when liver soluble fractions (S-100) were treated with PN, SIN-1, or SNAP, except that enzyme activity in S-100 fractions was less sensitive than the purified enzymes to these agents. Treatment of Hep G2 cells with 0.01 or 0.1 mmol/L SIN-1 stimulated in situ proteasome activity in these cells, while 1 mmol/L SIN-1 suppressed it. SNAP treatment did not affect proteasome activity in Hep G2 cells. Mice treated with molsidomine had enhanced liver proteasome activity 6 hours after treatment, but after 24 hours enzyme activity declined below control levels. In conclusion , PN dose-dependently modulated proteasome activity, regulating protein degradation by the proteasome in liver cells. (Hepatology 2004;40:574-582.)
EXPERIMENTAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION IN THE HAMSTER CHEEK POUCH: THE PROCESS OF LOCALIZATION
Authors: G. Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Small amounts of staphylococcus suspensions were injected into the cheek pouches of hamsters. Within 5 hours, the organisms were recovered from all outlying areas of the pouches, and in the following hours the entire structures showed vasodilation, edema, petechiae, and accumulation of leukocytes in the venules. Leukocytosis also occurred at this time. Between 24 and 48 hours, well defined abscesses developed at the sites of injection, and there was a sharp decrease in the bacteria in all other areas. From the 3rd day onward, organisms were only occasionally recovered from tissue outside the abscesses. At this period of localization, the generalized edema and petechiae also subsided, as did the leukocytosis. Localization of infection was not due to a walling off process, since the bacteria were disseminated through the entire pouches in the 1st few hours, but these organisms diminished rapidly, while those at the original injection sites continued to grow and reproduce for several days. Localization of infection appeared to be due to the inability of the bacteria carried away from the site of injection to reproduce. This in turn may have been due to dilution, to lack of sufficient toxin to produce a necrotic substrate, or to greater accessibility of these organisms to phagocytes.
The carrier state in muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type
Authors: A. T. Milhorat
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were studied under basal conditions in 75 female relatives of patients with muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type to determine the reliability of this procedure in detecting the carrier state. The subjects were first classified by their genetic history into three groups: definite, probable, and possible carriers. The elevations in CPK levels in these three groups were 79%, 50%, and 45%, respectively, indicating the possibility of detecting many of the carriers of this hereditary disease. However, application of the procedure to genetic counseling requires recognition of its limitations. The observations, also, suggest that in 24% of the families, fresh mutations could have accounted for the disease.
California Drug Agency Provides Alternative for "Home-Grown" Products
Authors: L. Fintor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article California Drug Agency Provides Alternative for “Home-Grown” Products Get access Lou Fintor Lou Fintor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 18, 19 September 1990, Pages 1448–1449, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.18.1448 Published: 19 September 1990
Clinical Significance of Low Creatine Phosphokinase Values in Patients With Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Nathan Wei, Nicholas Pavlidis, George Tsokos, Ronald J. Elin, Paul H. Plotz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We have noted that values for serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) are frequently low in patients with connective tissue diseases. Geometric mean values were 96.0 units/L among 121 disease-free males and 50.2 units/L among 63 disease-free females. The geometric mean values were 31.7 units/L in 11 males and 35.2 units/L in 49 females with systemic lupus erythematosus; 15.1 units/L in three males and 13.0 units/L in ten females with rheumatoid arthritis; and 41.6 units/L in 19 females with Sjögren's syndrome. Values within the normal range may occur in the face of active myositis in these illnesses. Findings of a low serum CPK values may occur in the absence of steroid treatment. Thus, a low serum CPK value is frequently found in patients with connective tissue diseases and a normal value should not dissuade one from the diagnosis of myositis.
The early marginal zone B cell initiated T independent type 2 response resists the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib
Authors: V Lang, D Mielenz, H M. Jack, K Neubert, C Bohm, G Schett, R E Voll, S Meister
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is clinically approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Recently, we demonstrated that bortezomib eliminates autoreactive plasma cells in SLE mice, thereby representing a promising novel treatment for antibody-mediated diseases. Here, we investigated the effect …
FDA Performance Goals for Approving Drugs and Biologics
Authors: James Dabney Miller
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIETARY HEALING OF DENTAL CARIES
Authors: Houghton Holliday
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, September 27, the editorial on dietary healing of dental caries seems to be misleading and not in conformity with the article from which the information was secured. To quote from<i>Science</i>of June 27, 1941: "The dentine had a sclerotic appearance and beneath every place where the outer part of the tooth had been subjected to attack a new, thick layer of secondary dentine had been laid down...." This statement is quite different from the one made in the editorial—"the exposed tooth was found covered by a thick layer of secondary dentine more or less filling the earlier cavity."
Remarks on the Early Feeding of Typhoid Patients
Authors: S. West
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Seizures cause a persistent enhancement in dentate synaptic inhibition concurrent with, and possibly compensatory for, seizure-induced hippocampal hyperexcitability. To study this phenomenon, we evoked status epilepticus in rats with systemic kainic acid (KA), and 2&nbsp;weeks later assessed granule cell inhibition with paired-pulse stimulation of the perforant path (PP) <i>in vitro</i>. Controls demonstrated three components of paired-pulse inhibition: early inhibition (10–30 msec), intermediate facilitation (30–120 msec), and late inhibition (120&nbsp;msec to 120&nbsp;sec). After seizures, inhibition in all components was enhanced significantly. The GABA<sub>A</sub> antagonist bicuculline blocked only early enhanced inhibition, demonstrating that both GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub>postsynaptic receptors contribute to seizure-induced enhanced inhibition. In controls, the GABA<sub>B</sub> antagonist CGP 35348&nbsp;increased both GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> responses in granule cells, suggesting that CGP 35348&nbsp;acts presynaptically, blocking receptors that suppress GABA release. In contrast, slices from KA-treated rats were markedly less sensitive to CGP 35348.&nbsp;To test the hypothesis that GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors regulating GABA release are downregulated after seizures, we measured paired-pulse suppression of recurrent IPSPs, or disinhibition, using mossy fiber stimuli. Early disinhibition (&lt;&nbsp;200&nbsp;msec) was reduced after seizures, whereas late disinhibition remained intact. CGP 35348&nbsp;blocked the early component of disinhibition in controls and, to a lesser extent, reduced disinhibition in KA slices. However, paired monosynaptic IPSPs recorded intracellularly showed no difference in disinhibition between groups. Our findings indicate that seizure-induced enhancement in dentate inhibition is caused, at least in part, by reduced GABA<sub>B</sub> function in the polysynaptic recurrent inhibitory circuit, resulting in reduced disinhibition and heightened GABA release.
Re-evaluating the Optimal Radiation Dose for Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liru He, Pamela K. Allen, Adam Potter, Jingya Wang, Joe Y. Chang, Daniel R. Gomez, Ritsuko Komaki, Zhongxing Liao, Steven H. Lin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Heart Attacks, Smoking, and the Nicotine Patch
Authors: H.P. Kafka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Heart Attacks, Smoking, and the Nicotine PatchH.P. Kafka, MDH.P. Kafka, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a recent letter, Drs. Warner and Little [1] described a patient who had a myocardial infarction while smoking and wearing a nicotine patch. The problem with this patient was not that he was wearing a nicotine patch but rather that he was smoking.Patients of mine have had myocardial infarctions while smoking, including one who could induce angina by lighting a cigarette. I wager that many more patients in North America have had infarctions while smoking and not wearing a nicotine patch than while wearing a nicotine patch. I am also not convinced that this event ...Reference1. Warner JG, Little WC. Myocardial infarction in a patient who smoked while wearing a nicotine patch (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:695. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H.P. Kafka, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBrain Reward System Activity in Major Depression and Comorbid Nicotine DependenceRisk of acute first myocardial infarction and use of nicotine patches in a general population 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 389KeywordsAnginaInfarctionMyocardial infarctionNicotine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Monocyte responsiveness and a T-cell subtype predict the effects induced by cotton dust exposure.
Authors: L Beijer, R R Jacobs, B Boehlecke, B Andersson, R Rylander
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether peripheral cellular parameters could predict susceptibility to decreased lung function and associated symptoms, in response to a single exposure to cotton dust. Previously nonexposed subjects (n = 42) inhaled an aerosol of cotton dust in a model cardroom during a period of 5 h. The subjects were examined before the exposure for FEV1, procoagulant activity (PCA) in blood mononuclear cells (BMNC), and serum IgE antibodies against a pool of inhalant antigens. Blood lymphocytes were typed into the helper/inducer (CD4+) and cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8+) T cells in combination with surface markers subdividing these populations. A questionnaire was used to identify atopic and nonatopic subjects. Immediately after exposure, the subjects were tested for FEV1 and PCA, and symptoms were recorded with a questionnaire. The dust exposure induced a decrease in FEV1 that was larger for the atopic group, but did not change the PCA in BMNC. The decrease in FEV1 was positively related to the preexposure PCA in both atopics and nonatopics. Symptoms from the airways after the exposure were reported to the same extent in the atopic and nonatopic group, and the subject group reporting chest tightness had a larger preexposure PCA. The atopic group had a larger proportion of blood CD8+ T lymphocytes negative for the monoclonal antibody anti-S6F1 (CD8+S6F1-), and in this group the decrease in FEV1 was significantly related to the proportion of this cell type. Also, in the atopic group, the proportion of CD8+S6F1- cells correlated positively with the preexposure PCA, and a negative correlation was found for this cell and serum levels of IgE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Appropriate and Inappropriate Ventricular Therapies, Quality of Life, and Mortality Among Primary and Secondary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients
Authors: Michael O. Sweeney, Mark S. Wathen, Kent Volosin, Ismaile Abdalla, Paul J. DeGroot, Mary F. Otterness, Alice J. Stark
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reduce mortality in primary and secondary prevention. Quality of life, mortality, appropriate therapies for specific ventricular rhythms, and inappropriate therapies for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) were compared among 582 patients (primary prevention=248; secondary prevention=334) in PainFREE Rx II, a 634-patient prospective, randomized study of antitachycardia pacing or shocks for fast ventricular tachycardia (FVT).ICDs were programmed identically with 3 zones (ventricular tachycardia [VT] <188 bpm; FVT=188 to 250 bpm; ventricular fibrillation [VF] >250 bpm) but randomized to antitachycardia pacing or shock as initial therapy for FVT. All treated episodes with electrograms were adjudicated. Primary prevention patients had lower ejection fractions and more coronary artery disease. beta-Blocker use, antiarrhythmic drug use, and follow-up duration were similar. Over 11+/-3 months, 1563 treated episodes were classified as VT (n=740), FVT (n=350), VF (n=77), and SVT (n=396). The distribution of VT, FVT, and VF was not different between primary and secondary prevention patients (respectively, VT 52% versus 54%, FVT 35% versus 35%, and VF 14% versus 10%). More secondary prevention patients had appropriate therapies (26% versus 18%, P=0.02), but among these patients, the median number of episodes per patient was similar. Inappropriate therapies occurred in 15% of both groups and accounted for similar proportions of all detected and treated episodes (46% in primary prevention patients versus 34% in secondary prevention patients, P=0.09). Quality of life improved modestly in both groups, and mortality was similar.Primary prevention patients are slightly less likely to have appropriate therapies than secondary prevention patients, but episode density is similar among patients with appropriate therapies. SVT resulted in more than one third of therapies in both groups, but quality of life and mortality were similar.
Attitudes among NHS doctors to requests for euthanasia
Authors: B J Ward, P A Tate
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To explore NHS doctors9 attitudes to competent patients9 requests for euthanasia and to estimate the proportion of doctors who have taken active steps to hasten a patient9s death. Design - Anonymous postal questionnaire, with no possibility of follow up. The survey was conducted from December 1992 to March 1993. <b>Subjects</b>: All (221) general practitioners and 203 hospital consultants in one area of England. <b>Results</b>: 273 doctors responded to a question on whether a patient had ever asked them to hasten death. Of these, 163 had been asked to; 124 of these had been asked to take active steps to hasten death; 38 of 119 (32%) of these had complied with such a request (95% confidence interval 23% to 40%). This proportion represented 12% of all those who returned a completed questionnaireand 9% of all those who had been sent a questionnaire (95% confidence interval 6.3% to 11.7%). A larger proportion of the respondents (142/307 (46%)), however, would consider taking active steps to bring about the death of a patient if it was legal to do so. <b>Conclusions</b>: Many doctors face difficult decisions about euthanasia. For the benefit of both patients and doctors euthanasia should be discussed more openly.
CD4+ CD8+ (thymocyte-like) T lymphocytes present in blood and skin from patients with atopic dermatitis suggest immune dysregulation
Authors: K. Bang, M. Lund, K. Wu, S.C. Mogensen, K. Thestrup-Pedersen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article CD4+ CD8+ (thymocyte‐like) T lymphocytes present in blood and skin from patients with atopic dermatitis suggest immune dysregulation Get access K. Bang, K. Bang Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ‘University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Dr Karen Bang. E‐mail: karen.bang@dadlnet.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Lund, M. Lund Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ‘University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Wu, K. Wu Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ‘University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. Mogensen, S.C. Mogensen Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ‘University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Thestrup‐Pedersen K. Thestrup‐Pedersen Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ‘University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1140–1147, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04223.x Published: 01 June 2001
Inflammatory bowel disease in married couples: 10 cases in Nord Pas de Calais region of France and Liege county of Belgium.
Authors: M C Comes, C Gower-Rousseau, J F Colombel, J Belaiche, H J Van Kruiningen, M C Nuttens, A Cortot
Journal: Gut (1994)

Ten pairs of husband-wife couples are reported with inflammatory bowel disease who were seen in the same geographical area in Nord Pas de Calais region of France and in Liège county (Belgium). Among these 10 couples, four were concordant for Crohn9s disease, two for ulcerative colitis, and four were discordant. In nine of 10 couples neither spouse had symptoms before marriage but inflammatory bowel disease subsequently developed in both. In one couple, one spouse had Crohn9s disease before marriage and the other partner experienced symptoms afterwards. Eighteen children were born to eight of 10 couples. Five of them developed Crohn9s disease but four belong to the same family. In all cases the affected children were born to parents who both developed Crohn9s disease after they had married and were conceived at a time when parents did not yet have symptoms. It is proposed that this pattern of emergence of inflammatory bowel disease suggests a role for an infectious agent yet to be identified.
The year of improved tissue acquisition, randomized trials, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy
Authors: M. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Presentations at this year's Digestive Disease Week (DWW; 7-10 May, 2011; Chicago, Illinois, USA) reflected a very active year for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). There were numerous abstracts on EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy to improve tissue acquisition, improve diagnostic accuracy, and indeed go beyond routine cytology and tissue diagnosis. EUS-guided therapy including drainage, anastomoses, injection of therapeutic agents, and ablation were other common themes with a lot of new information presented, much of which was obtained from randomized trials. This review discusses in detail some of the abstracts that followed a common theme. Additional interesting abstracts on this topic are listed at the end of the review.
STUDIES ON THE ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITY OF p-DI-(2-CHLOROETHYL) AMINOPHENYLALANINE (SARCOLYSINE)
Authors: L.F. Larionov, A.S. Khokhlov, E.N. Shkodinskaja, O.S. Vasina, V.I. Troosheikina, M.A. Novikova
Journal: The Lancet (1955)