tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Services in a Medical Group Practicing Prepaid Medicine
Authors: Robert E. Rothenberg, Karl Pickard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE PURPOSE of this communication is to report the utilization of physician services by insured persons who have received comprehensive medical care as members of the Central Medical Group of Brooklyn. The statistics cover a period of one year — from July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950. This period represents the third year of the Group's operation, the first patients having been enrolled in March, 1947.It is our opinion that the publication of these statistics should be of general interest because of the rapid growth of prepaid medicine and because this report will enable physicians to learn what . . .
CPR for Patients Labeled DNR
Authors: Jack P. Freer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters21 October 2003CPR for Patients Labeled DNRJack P. Freer, MDJack P. Freer, MDFrom University at Buffalo and Kaleida Gates Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14209.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Choudhry and colleagues (1) identified a major shortcoming of current resuscitation policies. A dichotomous CPR choice forces patients to choose DNR as the only way of avoiding the burden of prolonged CPR attempts in low-yield situations (such as unwitnessed arrests). Choudhry and colleagues' proposed LATO offers one possible solution but is fraught with problems. Physicians (and nurses) do prefer dichotomous choices for CPR, presumably because of a need for simplicity when emergencies occur. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is as effective as it is because so much happens automatically. Choudhry and colleagues' proposal describes calling the code team, who would ...References1. Choudhry NK, Choudhry S, Singer PA. CPR for patients labeled DNR: the role of the limited aggressive therapy order. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:65-8. [PMID: 12513047] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Tomlinson T, Brody H. Ethics and communication in do-not-resuscitate orders. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:43-6. [PMID: 3336383] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University at Buffalo and Kaleida Gates Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14209. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCPR for Patients Labeled DNR: The Role of the Limited Aggressive Therapy Order Niteesh K. Choudhry , Sujit Choudhry , and Peter A. Singer CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Susan B. LeGrand CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Bernard M. Karnath CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Niteesh K. Choudhry , Sujit Choudhry , and Peter A. Singer CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Muriel Gillick Metrics 21 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 8Page: 704KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationDecision makingDo not resuscitate ordersFearHeart rateResuscitation ePublished: 21 October 2003 Issue Published: 21 October 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
γ‐PGA‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Covalently Attached Prodrugs for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Intracellular GSH‐Responsive Release
Authors: Xin Du, Lin Xiong, Sheng Dai, Shi Zhang Qiao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Poor cellular uptake of drug delivery carriers and uncontrolled drug release remain to be the major obstacles in cancer therapy due to their low delivery efficiency. In this study, a multifunctional intracellular GSH (glutathione)‐responsive silica‐based drug delivery system with enhanced cellular uptake capability is developed. Uniform 50 nm colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with mercaptopropyl‐functionalized core and silanol‐contained silica surface (MSNs‐SH in ) are designed and fabricated as a platform for drug covalent attachment and particle surface modification. Doxorubicin (DOX) with primary amine group as an anticancer model drug is covalently conjugated to the mesopores of MSNs‐SH in via disulfide bonds in the presence of a heterobifunctional linker ( N ‐Succinimidyl 3‐(2‐pyridyldithio) propionate). Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) can be coated onto the particle surface by sequential electrostatic adsorption of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and γ‐PGA. The constructed delivery system exhibits enhanced cellular uptake via a speculated γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)‐mediated endocytosis pathway and controlled drug release capacity via intracellular GSH‐responsive disulfide‐bond cleavage, and thus significantly inhibits the growth of cancer cells. The multifunctional delivery system paves a new way for developing high‐efficient particle‐based nanotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
The Antiplatelet Effects of Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel
Authors: Peter J. Sharis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ticlopidine and clopidogrel achieve antiplatelet effects by inhibiting the binding of adenosine 5'-disphosphate to its platelet receptor. Ticlopidine was first shown to decrease major events compared with placebo or aspirin in patients with stroke or recent transient ischemic attack. Randomized studies in patients undergoing coronary artery stenting have shown that ticlopidine reduces the risk for subacute stent thrombosis compared with warfarin-based regimens. Smaller studies have also shown this drug to have benefit during follow-up in patients with unstable angina, peripheral arterial disease, saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts, and diabetic retinopathy. Clopidogrel was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the reduction of ischemic events in patients with recent myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease (incidence, 5.32% per year compared with 5.83% per year for aspirin; P = 0.043) with no added risk for neutropenia. The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin, as well as the utility of clopidogrel in other patient populations and in stenting, requires further study. Ticlopidine and clopidogrel seem to have beneficial effects compared with aspirin (the current standard) in a broad range of patients. These observations highlight the importance of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Biodefense cost and consequence
Authors: Laurie Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

After the intentional release of anthrax into the United States mail system in October 2001, and in the midst of rumors of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, the US government substantially ramped up its biodefense research. In light of the huge growth in this area, the question that arises is this: What are the overall costs and benefits of such an enormous program for the US population and the world?
Difficulties in Weaning in Steroid Treatment of Asthma
Authors: J. P. Knowles
Journal: BMJ (1961)

and ConclusionsThe incidence of brucella infection and active disease in the Isle of Wight was assessed by a survey during the 12 months December, 1958, to December, 1959.Four cases of clinically active disease were encountered.Agglutination tests and skin tests indicate infection in about 17% of the adult population.Of 685 children, 5% gave positive skin tests.Raw milk was drunk at home by 37% of children attending urban schools, and by 67% of children attending rural schools.The incidence of positive skin tests was highest (17%) among a group of 85 children who attended rural schools and drank raw milk at home.On the basis of single examinations 33 out of 520 registered dairy herds on the island were found to be producing milk infected by Br. abortus.Data were also obtained on the incidence of agglutinins and skin sensitivity among adults occupationally exposed to infection by contact with animals, as well as among others known to be drinking raw milk from infected herds.It is concluded that infection is widespread among the dairy herds on the island.Consumption of infected milk is associated with a high rate of infection among adults and children.Much of this infection is sub- clinical, but cases of overt disease are occurring.
Role of Army in National Survival
Authors: A E WRINCH
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The Canadian Army was given eight responsibilities in National Survival or Civil Defence. Principles and assumptions, on which planning was based, were agreed upon. The allotted tasks included: (1) a warning system with the information source connected up to a central decision-making office and down to Canada-wide warning dissemination agencies; (2) a radiation monitoring system composed of some 2000 stations connected to the warning system; (3) provision of forces and equipment for immediate rescue operations in areas damaged by nuclear detonations. Canada has been unique in her organization and concept of operations; no other army has these duties and no other country has a similar organization in being. The task is not finished; a disciplined rescue force trained and equipped must be maintained, fallout shelters are needed, adequate plans at all levels of government must be prepared.
Disruption of CD40–CD40 Ligand Interactions Results in an Enhanced Susceptibility to Leishmania amazonensis Infection
Authors: Lynn Soong, Jian-Chao Xu, Iqbal S Grewal, Peter Kima, Jiaren Sun, B.Jack Longley, Nancy H Ruddle, Diane McMahon-Pratt, Richard A Flavell
Journal: Immunity (1996)

To study the role of CD40 ligand (CD40L) in the host immune responses against intracellular pathogens, we infected CD40L knockout (CD40L−/−) mice with Leishmania amazonensis. Although wild-type mice were susceptible to infection and developed progressive ulcerative lesions, tissue parasite burdens in CD40L−/− mice were significantly higher. This heightened susceptibility to infection was associated with an impaired T cell and macrophage activation and altered inflammatory response, as reflected by low levels of IFNγ, lymphotoxin–tumor necrosis factor (LT–TNF), and nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, CD40L−/− mice failed to generate a protective immune response after immunization. These results indicate an essential role of cognate CD40–CD40L interactions in the generation of cellular immune responses against an intracellular parasite.
Continuing education courses for physicians
Authors: C. H. Ruhe
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Refusal of Care: Patients' Well-being and Physicians' Ethical Obligations
Authors: Joseph A. Carrese
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Honoring patients' wishes becomes difficult when doing so threatens their well-being. In this article, the case of a hospitalized elderly woman is presented. The patient, ready for discharge, insists on returning home, yet she is bedbound and lacks adequate social support and financial resources to manage safely. The medical team, troubled by this situation, requests an ethics consultation. The article discusses several issues related to the difficult ethical problem posed by this case, including a brief historical review of the patient's role in decision making, current thinking about patients' rights vis-à-vis patients' well-being, assessing patients' capacity to make sound decisions, consideration of physician values, and, finally, responding to patients' refusal of care.
Competition in the Delivery of Medical Care
Authors: Jon B. Christianson, Walter McClure
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Abstract One approach to reform of the medical-care-delivery system emphasizes the development of constructive competition among providers of health care. In this article we describe competition among providers in Minneapolis-St. Paul, one of the few areas that can provide information concerning the practicality of this type of reform. We have found that competition has helped to reduce hospitalization, contain costs and improve access to medical services. At the same time it has focused attention on consumer satisfaction with medical services, increased the range of consumer choice and given consumers better information about providers. Certain public and private measures could facilitate the development of similar competition in other communities. (N Engl J Med 301:812–818, 1979)
Adolescent exercise associated with long-term superior measures of bone geometry: a cross-sectional DXA and MRI study
Authors: T Kato, T Yamashita, S Mizutani, A Honda, M Matumoto, Y Umemura
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective: To investigate whether childhood sports participation, particularly weight-bearing sports, has any effect on bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone geometric characteristics in middle-aged postmenopausal women. Design/setting: In this cross-sectional comparison of two groups, 46 middle-aged women (mean age, 60.2 (SD 5.6) years; range, 52–73 years) were grouped according to sport participation during growth: weight-bearing sports, including high-impact weight-bearing activities; and low-impact non-weight-bearing sports or no participation. Main outcome measures: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured BMC, aBMD in the lumbar spine and femur. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determined bone geometric characteristics in the femur, such as femoral mid-diaphyseal cross-sectional area, periosteal and endosteal perimeters and maximum and minimum second moment of area. Results: Postmenopausal middle-aged women with participation in weight-bearing sports during junior high to high school (12–18 years old) displayed significantly greater BMC in both lumbar spine and femoral neck regions, and also significantly greater femoral mid-diaphyseal bone cross-sectional area, periosteal perimeter and maximum and minimum second moment of area than the non-weight-bearing sports group. Conclusions: Adolescent weight-bearing exercise exerts preservational effects on femoral mid-diaphyseal size and shape, while DXA-measured BMC effectively identified the same tendency. Weight-bearing exercise in youth affects bone, and these effects may be preserved as BMC, geometric and structural advantages even after 40 years.
Sweet fruit from a poisonous kiss
Authors: Delong Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), once a rapidly fatal disease, has become most curable of all leukemias, thanks to the two Chinese wonder drugs, all-trans retinoid acid and arsenic trioxide (AT).PML-RXARα fusion protein is the hallmark and driving force of APL.In the April 9 th issue of the journal, Science, Zhang et al. provided new and convincing evidence on how AT, an ancient poisonous medicine, plays the tricks on the oncoprotein, PML-RARα, and sheds lights on how a poisonous kiss leads to the sweet fruit [1].
Reference values for 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy
Authors: H. W Sutherland, D. W M Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<b>Purpose:</b> The “#MeToo” movement has increased awareness of sexual harassment in the workplace and its detrimental effects on the work environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexual harassment in a convenience sample of dental hygienists in the state of Virginia (VA). <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional research design was used to determine the experiences of VA dental hygienists with sexual harassment in the workplace occurring over the previous twenty-four months. The revised Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ-W) measured three constructs: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion and was administered electronically to a convenience sample of 238 dental hygienists attending a continuing education conference. Chi-square was used to determine significant associations between survey scores and demographics. <b>Results:</b> A total of 161 dental hygienists completed the survey (n=161) for a response rate of 68%. A little more than one-quarter of the respondents (27%) reported at least one experience of sexual harassment in the previous 24 months. Of the three constructs measured, 27.3% of participants reported gender harassment, 18.6% unwanted sexual attention, and 6.8% sexual coercion. The most commonly reported items were being told offensive sexual jokes or stories (21%) and hearing someone make crude and offensive sexual remarks (18%). A definition of sexual harassment was provided and participants were asked, “During your career as a dental hygienist, have you experienced sexual harassment?” to which 24.2% (n=39) responded yes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Sexual harassment is a contemporary problem in dental hygiene employment settings in the state of Virginia. Effective training and policies in sexual harassment is needed to prevent these behaviors from occurring in the workplace.
Mechanisms of hepatic disposition of polystyrene microspheres in rats: Effects of serum depend on the sizes of microspheres
Authors: Ken-ichi Ogawara, Minoru Yoshida, Jun-ichi Kubo, Makiya Nishikawa, Yoshinobu Takakura, Mitsuru Hashida, Kazutaka Higaki, Toshikiro Kimura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1999)
EXTENSIVE DIPHTHERITIC MEMBRANES REMOVED AND PHOTOGRAPHED
Authors: MYRON G. TULL
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The word diphtheria brings to mind a picture of an infection of the pharynx, nose or larynx. Pieces of diphtheritic membrane in the form of casts of the trachea, which at times show the beginning of the bifurcation, are frequently knocked loose and expectorated during the process of intubation. To acquaint the profession with the fact that the diphtheritic infection can extend even beyond the tracheal bifurcation is my purpose in this report of two cases.  Case 1.—  G. C.,, a white boy, aged 6½ years, was brought in a moribund condition, Oct. 27, 1934, to Sydenham Hospital, the communicable disease hospital of the Baltimore City Health Department. The child came from a neighboring rural area. The temperature was 98 F. (rectal), the pulse was so rapid and thready that it could not be counted, and respirations were uncountable. The child's face was cyanotic, the lips were blanched, and he
Responses in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to SNS-032 Depend on the Biological Context of Each Cell Line
Authors: Rong Chen, Sherri Chubb, Tiewei Cheng, Rachael E. Hawtin, Varsha Gandhi, William Plunkett
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

SNS-032 is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 2, 7, and 9 that regulate the cell cycle and transcription. Our studies in indolent primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells showed that SNS-032 inhibited transcription, diminished the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, and induced apoptosis. The present study focuses on evaluating this compound in four proliferating mantle cell lymphoma lines (Jeko-1, Granta 519, Mino, and SP-53). Consistent with its action against Cdk9 and Cdk7, SNS-032 inhibited the phosphorylation of RNA pol II in all four lines and blocked RNA synthesis. The transcripts and protein levels of short-lived proteins decreased, including cyclin D1 and Mcl-1. Cell growth was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in all lines. Apoptosis was induced in JeKo-1, Mino, and SP-53 cells without disrupting cell cycle distribution. However, apoptosis was limited in Granta cells; rather, there was a significant reduction of clonogenic survival. Small interfering RNA was used to specifically knock down Mcl-1 and cyclin D1 in JeKo-1 and Granta cells. Knocking down Mcl-1 induced significant apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells but not Granta cells. Reducing cyclin D1, rather than Mcl-1, was associated with loss of clonogenic survival in Granta cells. Thus, these results indicated that mantle cell lymphoma cell lines have distinct mechanisms sustaining their survival, and the mechanism of action of SNS-032 is dependent on the biological context of an individual line.
The emergence of mirror-like response properties from domain-general principles in vision and audition
Authors: Ayse P. Saygin, Frederic Dick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Like Cook et al., we suggest that mirror neurons are a fascinating product of cross-modal learning. As predicted by an associative account, responses in motor regions are observed for novel and/or abstract visual stimuli such as point-light and android movements. Domain-specific mirror responses also emerge as a function of audiomotor expertise that is slowly acquired over years of intensive training.
Measurement of 'free' gold in patients receiving disodium aurothiomalate and the association of high free to total gold levels with toxicity.
Authors: M J Heath
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving disodium aurothiomalate was analysed for total gold by atomic absorption spectrometry and for unbound (free) gold by the same method after ultrafiltration by an inert membrane. It was shown that it is possible to obtain reliable free gold concentrations by this method. Good correlations were shown between total and 9free9 gold and between total and protein bound gold (PBG) for 54 patients with RA who were stabilised on gold therapy. Significant correlation was also shown between the same parameters for a second group of 15 patients starting gold therapy who were bled at weekly intervals for nine weeks immediately before medication. A single correlation with regression for all patients studied again showed good correlation between total and free gold and between total and PBG. Of the 189 paired values plotted, 182 fell within 2SD of the regression lines for the two plots. Of the seven patients with results outside 2SD of the regression line, six presented with side effects during the study.
Veterans sue Ministry of Defence over post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence was accused this week of widespread failure over more than two decades to deal with the psychological effects of combat on soldiers, as a group action by nearly 2000 former servicemen got under way at the High Court in London.

The case, one of the biggest personal injury claims to reach the UK courts, could cost the ministry £500m ($711m; €818m) if it loses.

The former soldiers, veterans of combat in Northern Ireland, the Gulf, the Falklands, and the Balkans, have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress conditions. They claim …