tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs and Pregnancy
Authors: DENNIS SLONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 February 1979Drugs and PregnancyDENNIS SLONE, M.D., SAMUEL SHAPIRO, M.B.DENNIS SLONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAMUEL SHAPIRO, M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-275 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article "Safety of Therapy for Allergic Symptoms During Pregnancy" in the August issue, Greenberger and Patterson (1) cited, with permission, data in their Tables 2 and 3 that were originally published by us (our Tables 23.1 and 25.1) (2). The numbers, as presented, are accurate, but the authors do not point out the limited interpretability of our findings, a matter that we emphasized repeatedly throughout our book.We conducted, quite literally, thousands of comparisons between drug exposures in early pregnancy and various categories of malformations. According to statistical principles, one would expect to find, by...References1. GREENBERGER P and PATTERSON R: Safety of therapy for allergic symptoms during pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 89:234-237, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HEINONEN O, SLONE D, and SHAPIRO S: Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, Massachusetts, Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1977 Google Scholar1. HEINONEN O, SLONE D, and SHAPIRO S: Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, Massachusetts, Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1977 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DENNIS SLONE, M.D.; SAMUEL SHAPIRO, M.B.Affiliations: Boston University Medical Center Boston, MA 02138 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of Asthma during PregnancyCardiovascular birth defects and antenatal exposure to female sex hormones: A reevalution of some base dataManagement of the Pregnant Asthmatic PatientELAINE S. TURNER, M.D., PAUL A. GREENBERGER, M.D., ROY PATTERSON, M.D. 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2Page: 275-276KeywordsDrug safetyDrug therapyDrugsPregnancySafety ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychoanalysis
Authors: T. Byram Karasu
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In his foreword to the 1977 edition of this "encyclopedia," quoted in the current preface, Jean Piaget tells of an encounter with a Scandinavian colleague who says: "You have certainly never read anything of mine, and never will. As far as I am concerned, I have not read anything of yours, and this will not change. We should find devoted young collaborators who would inform each of us of the works of the other." This interchange occurred in 1954 between two developmental psychologists with "similarities" in their works. Even then, in a field relatively well defined, two experts would be so overwhelmed—already drunk and satisfied—with the publications of scholarly papers, theses, and books, that they couldn't have time to read each other's work, never mind mastering the whole psychological field. Thirty-five years
THE BIOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF LEAD IN THE BODY
Authors: JOSEPH C. AUB
Journal: JAMA (1935)

In the last ten years, a great deal of work has appeared bearing on the biochemistry of lead. To combine this new knowledge with that summarized in a previous publication1is my purpose in this article.  In regard to absorption there is little important new evidence. The experience in industry confirms what has been found in the laboratory1—that lead which is inhaled is far more toxic than lead which is swallowed. Of course, it is likewise generally conceded that ingested lead is a hazard.  The form in which lead is transported in the blood stream is of practical as well as scientific interest, as it has a bearing in guiding intelligent therapy. The prevailing opinion had long been that lead was carried as an albuminate, but Fairhall's equilibrium experiments,1as well as our blood studies with Reznikoff,1convinced us that lead was precipitated in the
[746] N-ACETYL-CYSTEIN BLOCKS PROGRESSION OF NASH BY REDUCING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. AN EXAMINATION USING HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC Pten DEFICIENT MICE
Authors: S. Ohshima, T. Dohmen, T. Goto, Y. Anezaki, H. Ishii, E. Kataoka, W. Sato, K. Yoneyama, T. Shibuya, I. Yamada, M. Iizuka, A. Suzuki, S. Watanabe, Y. Horie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Financial ties common between US medical schools and drug companies
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Most US medical schools and large teaching hospitals have financial ties to drug companies, according to a survey published this week ( JAMA 2007;298:1779-86).

Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and the Association of American Medical Colleges surveyed all 125 US medical schools and 15 large teaching hospitals, which often do more research than many medical schools. They asked the heads of the medicine and psychiatry departments about ties to drug companies because these departments are often large and likely to …
Comparison between four and eight cycles of intensive chemotherapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized trial of the Finnish Leukemia Group
Authors: E Elonen, A Almqvist, A Hänninen, S-E Jansson, G Järventie, P Koistinen, E Koivunen, R Lahtinen, M Lehtinen, T Nousiainen, T-T Pelliniemi, A Rajamäki, K Remes, T Timonen, J Vilpo, L Volin, T Ruutu
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Recommendations for Treating Hypertension
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, J. Michael Gaziano, Philip Greenland
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Paul A. James, MD; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Barry L. Carter, PharmD; William C. Cushman, MD; Cheryl Dennison-Himmelfarb, RN, ANP, PhD; Joel Handler, MD; Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH; Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPH; Thomas D. MacKenzie, MD, MSPH; Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH, MS; Sidney C. Smith Jr, MD; Laura P. Svetkey, MD, MHS; Sandra J. Taler, MD; Raymond R. Townsend, MD; Jackson T. Wright Jr, MD, PhD; Andrew S. Narva, MD; Eduardo Ortiz, MD, MPH
Intravenous Immune Globulin for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Interstitial Pneumonia After Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Drew J. Winston, Winston G. Ho, Cheng-Hsien Lin, Kathy Bartoni, Miriam D. Budinger, Robert Peter Gale, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The effects of high doses of polyvalent intravenous immune globulin given for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia in recipients of allogeneic marrow transplants were evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Both symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection (21% compared with 46%, p = 0.03) and interstitial pneumonia (18% compared with 46%, p = 0.02) occurred less frequently in the recipients of intravenous immune globulin than in control patients. Prophylactic intravenous immune globulin was also associated with a lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (34% in recipients compared with 65% in controls, p = 0.01), but its reduction in rates of interstitial pneumonia was independent of graft-versus-host disease and occurred in both patients with and without graft-versus-host disease. The high doses of immune globulin were well tolerated. Prophylactic intravenous immune globulin can modify the severity of cytomegalovirus infection and prevent interstitial pneumonia and possibly graft-versus-host disease in patients having allogeneic marrow transplantation.
Biochemistry of high stearic sunflower, a new source of saturated fats
Authors: Joaquín J. Salas, Enrique Martínez-Force, John L. Harwood, Mónica Venegas-Calerón, Jose Antonio Aznar-Moreno, Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez, Noemí Ruíz-López, María J. Serrano-Vega, Ian A. Graham, Robert T. Mullen, Rafael Garcés
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2014)
Fees for Sight Testing
Authors: J. A. Menon
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> The phenomenon of interictal regional slow activity (IRSA) in temporal lobe epilepsy and its relation with cerebral glucose metabolism, clinical data, MRI, and histopathological findings was studied. <h3>METHODS</h3> Interictal<sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was performed under continuous scalp EEG monitoring in 28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy not associated with intracranial foreign tissue lesions, all of whom subsequently underwent resective surgery. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn according to a standard template. IRSA was considered lateralised when showing a 4:1 or greater ratio of predominance on one side. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Sixteen patients (57%) had lateralised IRSA which was always ipsilateral to the resection and of maximal amplitude over the temporal areas. Its presence was significantly related to the presence of hypometabolism in the lateral temporal neocortex (p=0.0009). Logistic regression of the asymmetry indices for all measured cerebral regions confirmed a strong association between IRSA and decreased metabolism of the posterior lateral temporal neocortex only (p=0.009). No significant relation could be shown between slow activity and age at onset, duration of the epilepsy, seizure frequency, and MRI evidence for hippocampal atrophy. Furthermore, IRSA was not specifically related to mesial temporal sclerosis or any other pathology. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Interictal regional slowing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy not associated with a mass lesion is topographically related to the epileptogenic area and therefore has a reliable lateralising, and possibly localising, value. Its presence is irrelevant to the severity or chronicity of the epilepsy as well as to lateral deactivation secondary to neuronal loss in the mesial temporal structures. Although slow EEG activity is generally considered as a non-specific sign of functional disturbance, interictal regional slowing in temporal lobe epilepsy should be conceptualised as a distinct electrographic phenomenon which is directly related to the epileptogenic abnormality. The strong correlation between interictal regional slowing and lateral temporal hypometabolism suggests in turn that the second may delineate a field of reduced neuronal inhibition which can receive interictal and ictal propagation.
The thyroid gland is a major source of circulating T3 in the rat.
Authors: J P Chanoine, L E Braverman, A P Farwell, M Safran, S Alex, S Dubord, J L Leonard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In rats, the respective contribution of the thyroid and peripheral tissues to the pool of T3 remains unclear. Most, if not all, of the circulating T3 produced by extrathyroidal sources is generated by 5'-deiodination of T4, catalyzed by the selenoenzyme, type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'D-I). 5'D-I in the liver and kidney is almost completely lost in selenium deficiency, resulting in a marked decrease in T4 deiodination and an increase in circulating T4 levels. Surprisingly, circulating T3 levels are only marginally decreased by selenium deficiency. In this study, we used selenium deficiency and thyroidectomy to determine the relative contribution of thyroidal and extrathyroidal sources to the total body pool of T3. Despite maintaining normal serum T4 concentrations in thyroidectomized rats by T4 replacement, serum T3 concentrations remained 55% lower than those seen in intact rats. In intact rats, restricting selenium intake had no effect on circulating T3 concentrations. Decreasing 5'D-I activity in the liver and kidney by > 90% by restricting selenium intake resulted in a further 20% decrease in serum T3 concentrations in the thyroidectomized, T4 replaced rats, suggesting that peripheral T4 to T3 conversion in these tissues generates approximately 20% of the circulating T3 concentrations. While dietary selenium restriction markedly decreased intrahepatic selenium content (> 95%), intrathyroidal selenium content decreased by only 27%. Further, thyroid 5'D-I activity actually increased 25% in the selenium deficient rats, suggesting the continued synthesis of this selenoenzyme over selenoproteins in other tissues in selenium deficiency. These data demonstrate that the thyroid is the major source of T3 in the rat and suggest that intrathyroidal T4 to T3 conversion may account for most of the T3 released by the thyroid.
Vasopressin-induced von Willebrand factor secretion from endothelial cells involves V2 receptors and cAMP
Authors: Jocelyne E. Kaufmann, Alexander Oksche, Claes B. Wollheim, Gabriele Günther, Walter Rosenthal, Ulrich M. Vischer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Vasopressin and its analogue 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) are known to raise plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels. DDAVP is used as a hemostatic agent for the treatment of von Willebrand’s disease. However, its cellular mechanisms of action have not been elucidated. DDAVP, a specific agonist for the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), exerts its antidiuretic effect via a rise in cAMP in kidney collecting ducts. We tested the hypothesis that DDAVP induces vWF secretion by binding to V2R and activating cAMP-mediated signaling in endothelial cells. vWF secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) can be mediated by cAMP, but DDAVP is ineffective, presumably due to the absence of V2R. We report that DDAVP stimulates vWF secretion in a cAMP-dependent manner in HUVECs after transfection of the V2R. In addition, vasopressin and DDAVP induce vWF secretion in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L). These cells (but not HUVECs) express endogenous V2R, as shown by RT-PCR. Vasopressin-induced vWF secretion is mimicked by DDAVP and inhibited by the selective V2R antagonist SR121463B. It is mediated by cAMP, since it is inhibited by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8CPT-cAMPS. These results indicate that vasopressin induces cAMP-mediated vWF secretion by a direct effect on endothelial cells. They also demonstrate functional expression of V2R in endothelial cells, and provide a cellular mechanism for the hemostatic effects of DDAVP.
Prediction of infarct size with baboons. A proposed model for accurately determining the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Authors: F N Fore, G T Smith, J J McNamara
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

A primate model is described which allows quantitative prediction of myocardial necrosis (measured histologically at 1 week) from the area of ST segment elevation (STf) recorded by a high resolution matrix of fixed epicardial electrodes.The predictive validity of the model is based on the production of infarcts which are transmural, limited to the left ventricular free wall, and in which the infarct volume bears a relatively uniform relationship to its epicardial surface.The electrode grid circumscribes the area of necrosis in the anterior free wall of the left ventricle (LV) produced by occlusion of a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).The pattern of changes in STf was examined throughout its evolution, and changes in the distribution of STf were documented.Central points within the area of STf consistently showed greater absolute values of STf, and ST segments remained elevated longer than those recorded through more peripheral electrodes.Electrodes at the base demonstrated a greater magnitude of STf than electrodes near the apex.The number of electrodes (NST), i.e., the area of electrode matrix corresponding to those electrode points with significant STf (area of STf) at each recording interval through 8 hours, was fit to the area of necrosis underlying the grid.Maximum area of STf (maxAST) uniformly overestimated the infarct size between animals by about 25%; however, regression analysis allowed prediction of the extent of infarction from maxAST with an error of only 5%.Correlation of maxAST with epicardial extent of infarction and total weight and volume of infarction yielded coefficients of 0.95, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively.Maximum mean STf (STf) showed a poorer correlation with the epicardial extent, weight, and volume: coefficients were 0.49, 0.55, a n j 0.39, respectively.Thus, maxAST correlated closely with extent of necrosis and proved an accurate predictor of infarct size.RECENT attempts to develop therapeutic interventions to modify the amount of muscle lost during acute myocardial infarction have been dependent on a reliable method of estimating infarct size.The method most frequently applied in animals and more recently in studies on humans involves evaluation of infarct size from ST segment data obtained from multiple epicardial electrodes (experimental) or precordial electrodes (clinical).
NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States
Authors: J Marrero
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States is increasing, but the clinical characteristics of American patients with HCC have not been well described. The aims of this study were to determine the etiology of liver disease and short-term outcome among HCC patients presenting to a single center in the United States. One hundred five consecutive patients with HCC were studied; mean age was 59 years, 67% were men, and 76% were non-Hispanic white. The most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (51%) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (29%). Half of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis had histologic or clinical features associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty-three (50%) patients had HCC detected during surveillance (group I), whereas the remaining patients had symptomatic tumors (group II). Group I patients had smaller tumors (P = 0.01), were more likely to be eligible for surgical treatment (P = 0.005), and had a better medican survival compared with patients in group II (P = 0.001). Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis were less likely to have undergone HCC surveillance and had larger tumors at diagnosis. In conclusion, hepatitis C and cryptogenic liver disease are the most common etiologies of diseases in our patients with HCC. NAFLD accounted for at least 13% of the cases. Patients who underwent surveillance had smaller tumors and were more likely to be candidates for surgical or local ablative therapies. Because of the increasing incidence of NAFLD, further studies are needed to determine the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1349-1354).
Colored Sweat: A Sleeping Sickness
Authors: Kurt W. Mikat
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding "yellow sweat" (<i>JAMA</i><b>186:</b>1029 [Dec 14] 1963 and<b>188:</b>654 [May 18] 1964), I have seen two cases demonstrating an unusual source of suddenly acquired skin color. In one case the skin was a bright yellow color and in another a dusky gray. The first case was initially confused with jaundice, but scleral icterus was not present. Investigation of both cases revealed no abnormality except unnatural skin color uniformly distributed over the body surfaces, including the face. Both cases were traced to dyes in brightly colored cotton pajamas. These dyes were not identified, but repeated laundering of the pajamas failed to reduce their skin-staining ability to an appreciable extent. Skin color returned to normal a few days after pajama changes. After several thorough launderings the offending pajamas were worn again, and abnormal skin color returned overnight.
Remnants of Normal Tissue in Polycystic Disease of the Liver
Authors: E EVEN-SAPIR, D C BARNES, S E ILES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

On In-111 WBC images, diffuse homogeneous uptake of the radiopharmaceutical should be present throughout the liver. The authors present a case of a febrile patient with polycystic liver disease in whom the normal diffuse uptake was not seen. Instead, the images demonstrated focal areas of uptake, which suggested infection. Tc-99m SC liver spleen scintigraphy demonstrated the In-111 WBC foci to correspond to areas of residual normal parenchyma. The patient underwent laparotomy and liver transplantation and no abscesses were found. Pathologic examination of the liver revealed multiple uninfected cysts and residual normal parenchyma in the caudate lobe, corresponding to the findings on scintigraphy.
Digoxin for Converting Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Rodney H. Falk, Anne A. Knowlton, Sheilah A. Bernard, Norman E. Gotlieb, Nancy J. Battinelli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Study Objective: To determine whether digoxin is effective in converting atrial fibrillation of recent onset to normal sinus rhythm. Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with a maximum 18-hour treatment period. Setting: Emergency room and medical floors of a non-referral city hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 36 patients with atrial fibrillation of 7 days' duration or less, not on digitalis glycoside or anti-arrhythmic agents, with ventricular rate between 85 to 175 beats/min, without evidence of heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, preexcitation syndrome, thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia, renal impairment, or severe metabolic disturbances. Interventions: Digoxin solution in capsules or identical placebo, given in doses of 0. 6, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.2 mg, at 0, 4, 8, and 14 hours, respectively, or until conversion to sinus rhythm, whichever occurred first. Continuous electrocardiographic recording by Holter monitor. Measurements and Main Results: Nine of eighteen patients receiving digoxin and 8 of 18 receiving placebo had a return to sinus rhythm within 18 hours of study entry (95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions, -11% to 22%). Mean time to conversion was 5.1 hours in the digoxin group and 3.3 in the placebo group (95% Cl, -3.6 to 7.0 hours). Conclusions: Spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm is common in patients with atrial fibrillation of recent onset. Digitalization was not shown to affect the likelihood of reversion to sinus rhythm, and thus cannot be recommended for this purpose in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Risk factors for measles in a vaccinated population
Authors: V. V. Waters
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  In the recent article by Mast et al, 1 the age distributions of cases and controls were different. The control group was generally younger (38% were younger than 9 years) than the study group (7% were younger than 9 years). The age disparity may cause a few problems.  We cannot assume that the attack rates are similar for all ages. Davis et al 2 found the age-specific attack rate to be 13% in children younger than 16 months, 2.9% in children between 5 and 9 years of age, and 0.5% in children between 15 and 19 years of age. It is therefore possible that the relatively older study group had a different type of social contact than the control group. Preschoolers' type of playing certainly enhances salivary and respiratory exchange and, therefore, risk of acquiring the measles virus. Moreover, in the absence of an age-matched control group,
PTSD Linked to Heart Disease
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

A study of about 2000 male veterans participating in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study has found that those with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely to develop coronary heart disease (Kubsansky LD et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:109-116).
Siglec-G is a B1 cell–inhibitory receptor that controls expansion and calcium signaling of the B1 cell population
Authors: Anja Hoffmann, Sheena Kerr, Julia Jellusova, Jiquan Zhang, Florian Weisel, Ute Wellmann, Thomas H Winkler, Burkhard Kneitz, Paul R Crocker, Lars Nitschke
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)