tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ecological study of reasons for sharp decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Poland since 1991
Authors: W. A Zatonski, A. J McMichael, J. W Powles
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the reasons for the decline in deaths attributed to ischaemic heart disease in Poland since 1991 after two decades of rising rates. <b>Design:</b> Recent changes in mortality were measured as percentage deviations in 1994 from rates predicted by extrapolation of sex and age specific death rates for 1980-91 for diseases of the circulatory system and selected other categories. Available data on national and household food availability, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, socioeconomic indices, and medical services over time were reviewed. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Age specific and age standardised rates of death attributed to ischaemic heart disease and related causes. <b>Results:</b> The change in trend in mortality attributed to diseases of the circulatory system was similar in men and women and most marked (&gt;20%) in early middle age. For ages 45 to 64 the decrease was greatest for deaths attributed to ischaemic heart disease and atherosclerosis (around 25%) and less for stroke (&lt;10%). For most of the potentially explanatory variables considered, there were no corresponding changes in trend. However, between 1986-90 and 1994 there was a marked switch from animal fats (estimated availability down 23%) to vegetable fats (up 48%) and increased imports of fruit. <b>Conclusion:</b> Reporting biases are unlikely to have exaggerated the true fall in ischaemic heart disease; neither is it likely to be mainly due to changes in smoking, drinking, stress, or medical care. Changes in type of dietary fat and increased supplies of fresh fruit and vegetables seem to be the best candidates. <h3>Key messages</h3> Among former socialist countries Poland has undergone unusually rapid social and economic changes since 1988-9, including aspects of diet Mortality from heart disease declined sharply during 1991-4 after long term increases; mortality from stroke declined less strongly This study investigated what has changed in Poland to reduce the risks of fatal events in people with established ischaemic heart disease Candidate dietary explanations were the substitution of unsaturated for saturated fats and increased consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables
Hepatic Diphosphonate Accumulation Secondary to Malignant Venous Obstruction
Authors: RENE P. DU CRET, ERIC J. WEINBERG, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, CHRISTOPHER C. KUNI, CHRISTOPHER E. ENGELER, ARTHUR E. STILLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Intense hepatic accumulation of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate Is described in the setting of vascular obstruction secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography demonstrates vena caval and hepatic venous obstruction in a patient with sudden onset of renal and hepatic failure. The authors describe an unusual case of extraskeletal tracer accumulation secondary to metastatic disease.
Telecare for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control
Authors: Eberhard Biermann, Norm Bogner, Julian Rihl, Eberhard Standl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The insightful study of Montori et al. (1) raises the question of whether telecare can close the gap between the necessary and frequent interventions by health care professionals in order to lower the HbA1c of patients. We would like to comment on the control group and meta-analysis in their study.

Telecare can be embedded into different achievable scenarios, where the left-most cornerstone considers a control group and where conventional care means no intervention (A). The right-most cornerstone …
1001-15 Abnormal calcium handling and focal source ventricular fibrillation during subacute myocardial infarction in rabbits
Authors: Chung-Chuan Chou, Hideki Hayashi, Yen-Bin Liu, Echo Tan, Yong-Seog Oh, Michael C Fishbein, Shien-Fong Lin, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Nonfunctioning Gallbladder and Gastric Mass
Authors: Harold J. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>History</h3> A 59-year-old woman was first admitted to the hospital in March 1960 with an acute illness of two days' duration manifested by vomiting and progressive right upper quadrant pain. Blood pressure was 183/100 mm Hg. Tenderness, with a questionable palpable mass, was present in the right upper quadrant. The white blood cell count was 22,500/cu mm with 78% neutrophils. An oral cholecystogram (Fig 1) demonstrated a nonfunctioning gallbladder with large calcifications in the right upper quadrant. An upper gastrointestinal series was normal. The patient responded to conservative management and was discharged. On June 29, 1964, she was readmitted with a four-day history of nausea and vomiting. An upper gastrointestinal series demonstrated incomplete obstruction in the pyloroduodenal region (Fig 2). She again responded rapidly to conservative management and was discharged. On August 6, 1964, she was admitted to the hospital for the third time with an abrupt onset of epigastric
John O'Donel Alexander
Authors: A. Lyell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant dermatologist Glasgow Royal Infirmary (b Cork 1915; q Birmingham 1938; FRCP Glas), died from cancer on 5 May 2003.

Jack Alexander was briefly a general practitioner in Birmingham, served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in the Middle East during the second world war, and came home to be a GP and farmer in Donegal. When that proved unsatisfactory he left to train in dermatology at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and spent the rest of his working life there. His important book Arthropods and the Skin celebrated his interest in entomology. Predeceased by his wife, Isobel, and his son, he leaves a daughter and his grandchildren. ​grandchildren.




Figure 1
US court awards $145bn damages against tobacco giants
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

After a trial lasting two years and hearing 157 witnesses, a six member jury in a Miami court awarded $145bn (£97bn) in punitive damages against five major US tobacco companies.

The class action lawsuit, originally filed by a husband and wife legal team, Stanley and Susan Rosenblatt, in 1994 on behalf of an estimated 300000–700000 smokers in Florida, created a sensation as the largest punitive damages award in …
Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on normal and ischemic myocardium.
Authors: S Banai, M T Jaklitsch, W Casscells, M Shou, S Shrivastav, R Correa, S E Epstein, E F Unger
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We sought to determine the effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on ischemic and normal myocardium and to determine whether direct application of acidic FGF to the heart could promote angiogenesis. Eighteen dogs underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Three weeks later, a left internal mammary artery (IMA) pedicle was positioned over the LAD territory, with a sponge saturated with acidic FGF (n = 12) or saline (n = 4) interposed between the pedicle and the heart. Polytetrafluoroethylene fiber or collagen I sponges were used to deliver the acidic FGF. Weekly angiography of the IMA was performed in all dogs, but significant IMA to coronary collaterals were not demonstrable in any dog. Eight dogs had histological evidence of subendocardial infarction in the LAD territory (five acidic FGF, three control, p = NS). Striking smooth muscle cell hyperplasia was present in arterioles and small arteries exclusively in areas of subendocardial infarction in all of the acidic FGF-treated dogs but in none of the control dogs (p less than 0.05). Noninfarcted myocardium appeared normal in all dogs. In two additional dogs, ameroid constrictors were not placed on the LAD, such that acidic FGF-treated sponges were placed on normally perfused myocardium of the LAD territory. Histological evaluation of those hearts revealed normal myocardium, without evidence of myocardial infarction or smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. Thus, when acidic FGF is delivered to the myocardium via an epicardial sponge in dogs whose coronary flow is compromised, acidic FGF does not cause an angiogenic response in viable myocardium but causes vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in areas subjected to ischemic injury.
General Pathology: The Biological Aspects of Disease
Authors: Robert D. Coye
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This text of general pathology aims to provide a basis for understanding human disease. Dr. McManus concentrates on morphology and, to a lesser extent, biochemistry. Certainly, morphological methods are most helpful in studying some diseases, but others are better understood by the methods of physiology, immunology, or the clinical metabolic laboratory. This volume is most successful where morphological approaches shed most light on the disease, least successful when they do not. The first section gives an excellent description of pathology at the cellular level. The chapter on cell structure and function is done particularly well. Descriptions and illustrations seem clear, well edited, and appropriate to student needs. Equally good is the chapter on differentiation, metaplasia, and neoplasia. The section on experimental carcinogenesis, particularly the biochemical changes, could have been expanded considerably. In discussing "degenerations," the author defines the term as "catabolic alterations which are reversible and do not lead consistently
Apparatus for Oxygen Administration
Authors: M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1963)

drugs.However, although it is not pos- sible to prove this the responsibility of fluothane for the jaundice seems convincing.While many drugs have been indic- ted as causes of liver damage, this patient received no other agent even suspected of hepato-toxicity.Intra-abdominal opera- tion near the liver and antibiotics have also been blamed; however, this lady was in hospital for immediate and delayed suture of her ulnar nerve, and antibiotics were not administered later than seven weeks before the onset of jaundice.
AEG-1 Regulates Retinoid X Receptor and Inhibits Retinoid Signaling
Authors: Jyoti Srivastava, Chadia L. Robertson, Devaraja Rajasekaran, Rachel Gredler, Ayesha Siddiq, Luni Emdad, Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay, Shobha Ghosh, Phillip B. Hylemon, Gregorio Gil, Khalid Shah, Deepak Bhere, Mark A. Subler, Jolene J. Windle, Paul B. Fisher, Devanand Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Retinoid X receptor (RXR) regulates key cellular responses such as cell growth and development, and this regulation is frequently perturbed in various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecule(s) that physically govern this deregulation are mostly unknown. Here, we identified RXR as an interacting partner of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1)/metadherin (MTDH), an oncogene upregulated in all cancers. Upon interaction, AEG-1 profoundly inhibited RXR/retinoic acid receptor (RAR)–mediated transcriptional activation. Consequently, AEG-1 markedly protected HCC and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells from retinoid- and rexinoid-induced cell death. In nontumorigenic cells and primary hepatocytes, AEG-1/RXR colocalizes in the nucleus in which AEG-1 interferes with recruitment of transcriptional coactivators to RXR, preventing transcription of target genes. In tumor cells and AEG-1 transgenic hepatocytes, overexpressed AEG-1 entraps RXR in cytoplasm, precluding its nuclear translocation. In addition, ERK, activated by AEG-1, phosphorylates RXR that leads to its functional inactivation and attenuation of ligand-dependent transactivation. In nude mice models, combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and AEG-1 knockdown synergistically inhibited growth of human HCC xenografts. The present study establishes AEG-1 as a novel homeostatic regulator of RXR and RXR/RAR that might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting AEG-1 could sensitize patients with HCC and AML to retinoid- and rexinoid-based therapeutics. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4364–77. ©2014 AACR.
PET Imaging of Sertoli Cell Tumor in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The author presents a case of Sertoli cell tumor demonstrated incidentally by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography during imaging workup for suspected right-lung malignant neoplasm. This rare sex cord stromal tumor arose from the right gonad of a patient with a history of androgen insufficiency syndrome, also known as testicular feminization syndrome. The relationship of this phenotypic sexual disorder with Sertoli cell tumor is briefly reviewed and discussed.
Hepatitis A Virus: From Discovery to Vaccines
Authors: Annette Martin, Stanley M. Lemon
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is an ancient human virus that was first identified almost 35 years ago. It has several characteristics that make it unique among the Picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis, and which likely contribute to its pathobiology. Although efficacious vaccines containing formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture have been licensed in multiple countries, their use has been limited by cost considerations. Changes in public health sanitation and generally increasing standards of living are leading to a decreasing incidence of acute hepatitis A worldwide, with the result that the prevalence of preexisting immunity among adults is declining in many regions. These changes in the epidemiology of HAV may paradoxically enhance the disease burden, as greater numbers of individuals become infected at older ages when disease is more likely to be clinically evident, thus providing greater incentives for vaccine utilization.
The G.P. at the Crossroads
Authors: R. C. Monnington
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Background</h3> This was the first scoping review on lupus pregnancies from sub-Saharan Africa. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Africa Journals Online as well as reference lists of retrieved articles, to select relevant studies published in the period 01/01/2000–28/10/2019. Data were combined through narrative synthesis. <h3>Results</h3> Of 2693 papers, we included 4 studies retrospectively reporting 137 pregnancies in 102 women over a 26-year period.The mean age at conception ranged from 27.2 to 39.9 years. Kidney disease (43 [42.2%] patients) was the predominant organ manifestation before conception. Ninetey-seven pregnancies resultesd in 98 live births. SLE flares occurred in 44 (32.2%) pregancies, mainly skin (20.4%) and renal flares. Major adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) were preterm birth 38.8%, low birth weight 29.8%, pregnancy loss 29.2% and pre-eclampsia 24.8%. The main factors associated with APOs were lupus nephritis and SLE flares. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Over two thirds of lupus pregnancies resulted in live birth in sub-Saharan Africa. The main APOs described elsewhere are also seen in sub-Saharan Africa, with high rates. High-quality research is urgently needed. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> None
Alterations in immunoregulatory T cell subsets in active systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C Morimoto, E L Reinherz, S F Schlossman, P H Schur, J A Mills, A D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To determine whether imbalance among subsets of human T cells exists in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes in SLE patients during active and inactive stages of disease. For this analysis, we used monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of inducer (T4) and suppressor (T5/T8) T cell subsets, as well as a common T cell antigen (T3). In contrast to normal and inactive SLE patients, the percentage of T3+ cells was reduced in all active SLE patients. More importantly, there was a selective decrease in T5+/T8+ suppressor T cells in 12 of 14 active patients, including 1 of 2 patients with drug-induced SLE. Serial analysis of three SLE patients showed a significant correlation between the presence of T5+/T8+ subset and clinical disease activity in all patients. We conclude that aberrations in suppressor T cell subsets are an important correlate of disease in patients with SLE.
Abstract 5311: The tumorigenic fusion FGFR3-TACC3 escapes miR-99a regulation in glioblastoma .
Authors: Wei Zhang, Brittany C. Parker, Matti J. Annala, David Cogdell, Kirsi Granberg, Yan Sun, Ping Ji, Xia Li, Joy Gumin, Hong Zheng, Limei Hu, Raymond Sawaya, Gregory Fuller, Kexin Chen, Frederick L. Lang, Matti Nykter
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Fusion genes are common chromosomal aberrations in many cancers, and can be used as prognostic markers and drug targets in clinical practice. We used whole transcriptome sequencing to search for fusion genes in glioma and discovered FGFR3-TACC3 fusions in 4 / 48 glioblastoma but not in any of 43 low- grade glioma samples. The fusion, caused by tandem duplication on 4p16.3, was found in patients of both Caucasian and Asian origin, and was mutually exclusive with EGFR/PDGFR/MET amplification. The 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of FGFR3 is lost in the fusion, and we show that this leads to elevated fusion gene expression through loss of miR-99a regulation. The fusion protein promoted cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in vivo, while WT FGFR3 was not tumorigenic even under forced overexpression. Citation Format: Wei Zhang, Brittany C. Parker, Matti J. Annala, David Cogdell, Kirsi Granberg, Yan Sun, Ping Ji, Xia Li, Joy Gumin, Hong Zheng, Limei Hu, Raymond Sawaya, Gregory Fuller, Kexin Chen, Frederick L. Lang, Matti Nykter. The tumorigenic fusion FGFR3-TACC3 escapes miR-99a regulation in glioblastoma . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5311
P1-02-08: Modulation of EMT by Targeting E-Cadherin Restores Radiation Sensitivity in Human Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: A Munshi, Y Yuan, J Liu, RE Meyn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract E-cadherin is the major adhesion protein associated with epithelial cells and loss of its expression is diagnostic of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Findings from our laboratory, suggest that EMT, detected as the loss of E-cadherin expression, may regulate tumor cell radiosensitivity, i.e. cells that have undergone EMT are relatively radioresistant compared to the lines that have retained the epithelial phenotype, which typically are relatively radiosensitive. To definitively test this hypothesis we compared expression levels of E-cadherin and other EMT related markers in ER-a negative (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) and ER-a positive (MCF-7) human breast cancer cells. We observed that many ER-a negative lines, were also E-cadherin negative, and the ER-a positive lines were positive for E-cadherin expression. Clonogenic cell survival assays showed that the cell lines expressing estrogen receptor (MCF-7) and had high expression of E-cadherin, were also more sensitive to increasing doses of radiation. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 100nM siRNA to E-cadherin for 72 hrs made the cells more resistant to radiation with the surviving fraction changing from 42.3% in control cells to 56.4% in siRNA treated cells. In contrast, ER negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) had no detectable expression of E-cadherin and were more radioresistant. We transfected MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells with a CDH1 -expression vector and isolated stable clones, which were then tested for radiosensitivity. Cells transfected with the backbone vector (pCMV) served as controls. Restoring E-cadherin expression radiosensitized both, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells, compared to the control vector cell line, suggesting that restoration of E-cadherin expression in mesenchymal-like cells produces a radiosensitizing effect. These observations suggest that ER-a signaling might regulate E-cadherin and implied that this regulation might influence EMT and radioresistance. Overall, our results suggest that the EMT status of breast cancer cells governs their response to radiation. A detailed investigation of the mechanism is ongoing. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-08.
NHS is "full" owing to rise in emergency admissions and poor discharge procedures, report says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

NHS hospitals are being stretched to “bursting point” by a combination of soaring emergency admissions and an inability to discharge patients effectively, a comprehensive new audit has found.

The Dr Foster Hospital Guide 2012, which examined capacity at acute trusts in England, found that most hospitals were more than 90% occupied for 48 weeks of the year, with many hospitals more than 95% full in winter.1

The report said that high levels of bed occupancy were endangering patient safety and making it more difficult to run the health service effectively and that the NHS should ideally operate at 85% bed occupancy.

It said that the latest figures also disguised the highs …
THE NERVOUS ELEMENT IN THE VOMITING OF PREGNANCY.Read before the Chicago Medical Society.
Authors: L. HARRISON METTLER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

tion of the great need, in this disease, even after hav¬ ing passed its most trying ordeal, of being very care¬ ful as to exposure for a week or more after having been discharged.My ninth loss, case 481, was a long, lean lank Flor¬ ida cracker.He was half fed, half clothed, and stay¬ ed-for he never lived in the proper sense of that word-in a cold, open, one roomed house, which was not plastered, in fact, the natives here seldom go to the trouble and expense of plastering the interior of their homes.There were six others sick in this room ; he had no bed nor bedding, but lay upon the floor with his ordinary scant cotton clothing on.There was no fire in the house, nor was there a stove nor fire place wherein one could be made.The cook¬ ing was done in iron pots in the back yard by an old dried up specimen of possible humanity having some resemblance to a woman.She was smoking a strong pipe, and was, with the two pots, surrounded by dogs and children.Grits, bacon, and coffee sweet¬ ened with "long sweet"-as the natives call Florida syrup-was all they had to eat.I gave them a mat- trass, blankets, and a liberal supply of food from our commissary, but neither these nor medicines did any good, for he died on the third day with black vomit.My tenth loss, case 514, had long passed middle life.He had just been on a spree, from which he had hardly sobered up when he was taken with yellow fe¬ ver.
Comprehensive biochemistry. Section 1 (vol 1-4): Physico-chemical and organic aspects of biochemistry. Vol 2: Organic and physical chemistry.
Authors: James F. Riordan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Textbooks on biochemistry, with but few exceptions, have been written in a traditional sequence and have covered standard subject matter. However, as can be judged simply from the size of some recent editions, the developments in biochemistry during the past few years have greatly broadened this subject and have made adequate coverage virtually impossible. The editors of Comprehensive Biochemistry , fully cognizant of these difficulties, have attempted a new approach to this field by publishing a series of short volumes with chapters written by specialists. The stated aim of the editors is to provide those working in the field of biochemistry with an advanced treatise... which assembles the principal areas of the subject in a single set of books. In order to keep abreast of rapid advances, they intend to have assembled chapters written by competent authors. The treatise is, indeed, much more than a textbook. It gives every indication of