tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic adaptation to physical training under beta-blockade in the rat. Evidence of a beta 2-adrenergic mechanism in skeletal muscle.
Authors: L L Ji, D L Lennon, R G Kochan, F J Nagle, H A Lardy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Nonselective and beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonists were tested for their effects on enzymatic adaptation to exercise training in rats as follows: trained + placebo (TC); trained + propranolol (TP); trained + atenolol (TA); and corresponding sedentary groups, SC and SP. Trained rats ran 1 h/d at 26.8 m/min, 15% grade, 5 d/wk, 10 wk. Both beta-antagonists were given at doses that decreased exercise heart rates by 25%. Training increased skeletal muscle citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase (Cyt-Ox), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities significantly in the TC group, but not in TP. These enzyme activities, except Cyt-Ox and CPT, were also significantly increased in TA. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity did not alter with training or beta-blockade. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity was lower in TC than in SC, but unchanged in TP or TA. Hepatic mitochondrial MDH and ALT activities increased with training only in TC. It is concluded that beta 2-adrenergic mechanisms play an essential role in the training-induced enzymatic adaptation in skeletal muscle.
Neurological Disease after Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: J. A. Williams, G. S. Hall, A. G. Thompson, W. T. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Clinical and laboratory signs of neurological disease were found in 14 patients many years after partial gastrectomy. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency occurred in most patients, but only those three who had signs of subacute combined degeneration of the cord and no osteomalacia responded well to treatment.
Trimethylated lysine 9 of histone H3 is a mark for DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Hisashi Tamaru, Xing Zhang, Debra McMillen, Prim B. Singh, Jun-ichi Nakayama, Shiv I. Grewal, C. David Allis, Xiaodong Cheng, Eric U. Selker
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Question of the Month: Wrong Answer
Authors: GEORGE VASH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 March 1971Question of the Month: Wrong AnswerGEORGE VASH, M.D.GEORGE VASH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-3-454_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Question 250 (page 896 of the December ANNALS) states that "the pleural exudate shows numerous chains of Gram-positive cocci." Yet your "correct" answer (A) presupposes that these organisms are staphylococci. This is an error. Staphylococci do not come in chains. Gram-positive cocci in chains are streptococci. Hence the correct answer is (B), since penicillin is the drug of choice for streptococcic infections.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1971Volume 74, Issue 3Page: 454-454KeywordsDrugsPenicillinStreptococcal infections Issue Published: 1 March 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Theophylline Concentrations in Serum and Saliva after Oral Microcrystalline and Sustained‐Release Preparations in Asthmatics
Authors: Erik P. Munch, Ib Sösndergaard, Bent Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Theophylline concentrations in saliva have been compared with those in serum in 13 asthmatic patients after single and multiple oral dosage of a microcrystalline theophylline tablet (Nuelin®) and a sustained‐release preparation (Nuelin Retard®). There was wide individual variation in the ratio of serum to saliva concentrations indicating that, even when individual serum to saliva ratios have been established, the use of saliva theophylline measurements alone is unreliable for the routine monitoring of theophylline therapy. Both preparations produced mean serum theophylline concentrations within the 10–20 mcg/ml range, the sustained‐release tablet giving higher morning trough values and smaller trough to peak variation. The preparations were equally and highly bioavailable. Side effects were reported by three patients, which were the patients with the highest AUC. The Nuelin Retard preparation appears to provide smooth, sustained serum theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range and the simple, twice‐daily dosage should result in improved patient compliance.
Dioleylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits the Expression of Type II Phospholipase A2 in Macrophages
Authors: ARNAUD BERGER, NATHALIE HAVET, DANIEL VIAL, LAURENCE ARBIBE, CLAUDE DUMAREY, MALCOM L. WATSON, LHOUSSEINE TOUQUI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We have recently shown that modified natural pulmonary surfactant Curosurf inhibits the synthesis of type II phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-II) by cultured guinea-pig alveolar macrophages (AM). The goal of the present study was to identify the surfactant components and the mechanisms involved in this process. We show that protein-free artificial surfactant (AS) mimicked the inhibitory effect of Curosurf, suggesting that phospholipid components of surfactant play a role in the inhibition of sPLA2-II expression. Among surfactant phospholipids, dioleylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) was the most effective in inhibiting the synthesis of sPLA2-II. By contrast, the concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF)–acetylhydrolase and lysophospholipase activities remained unchanged, indicating that inhibition of sPLA2-II synthesis was caused by a specific effect of surfactant. The effect of DOPG on sPLA2-II synthesis was concentration-dependent and was accompanied by a rapid and time-dependent uptake of DOPG by AM whereas dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was only marginally taken up. Curosurf, AS, and DOPG inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) secretion, a key step in the induction of sPLA2-II synthesis by AM, in contrast to DPPC which had only a marginal effect. We conclude that phospholipid components, especially DOPG, play a major role in the inhibition of sPLA2-II synthesis by surfactant and that this effect can be explained, at least in part, by an impairment of TNF- α secretion.
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Interleukin-1 in the Regulation of Neurons Controlling Reproductive Functions*
Authors: SERGE RIVEST, CATHERINE RIVIER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

DISRUPTION of reproductive functions in mammals is a well known consequence of stress. The changes undergone by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)1 axis are influenced by the type of stimulus, its duration, the gender of the experimental animals used, and the species studied. To understand how stress inhibits fertility, we must first define “stress.” Although this concept has been widely and eloquently discussed (1), we have found it useful to define stress as any threat, real or perceived, that compromises homeostasis. All noxious signals, however, are not equal. When considering the potential effect exerted by a noxious stimulus on the pituitary function, one realizes that, although many so-called stressors can alter the release of ACTH and PRL, usually only intense and/or prolonged signals will interfere with gonadotropin secretion. This suggests first that the responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and HPG axes can be dissociated during exposure to a stress (discussed below) and second, that each description of the response of the HPG axis to noxious stimuli must be accompanied by the precise characterization of these stimuli.
Putative Chitin Synthases from <i>Branchiostoma Floridae</i> Show Extracellular Matrix-Related Domains and Mosaic Structures
Authors: Gea Guerriero
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract The transition from unicellular to multicellular life forms requires the development of a specialized structural component, the extracellular matrix (ECM). In Metazoans, there are two main supportive systems, which are based on chitin and collagen/hyaluronan, respectively. Chitin is the major constituent of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeleton. However, presence of chitin/chitooligosaccharides has been reported in lower chordates and during specific stages of vertebrate development. In this study, the occurrence of chitin synthases (CHSs) was investigated with a bioinformatics approach in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae, in which the presence of chitin was initially reported in the skeletal rods of the pharyngeal gill basket. Twelve genes coding for proteins containing conserved amino acid residues of processive glycosyltransferases from GT2 family were found and 10 of them display mosaic structures with novel domains never reported previously in a chitin synthase. In particular, the presence of a discoidin (DS) and a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain was found in nine identified proteins. Sequence analyses and homology modelling suggest that these domains might interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate protein–protein interaction. The multi-domain putative chitin synthases from B. floridae constitute an emblematic example of the explosion of domain innovation and shuffling which predate Metazoans.
Strategies for Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: The Tail That Wags the Curve
Authors: Matthew A. Lunning, Alison J. Moskowitz, Steven Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

A 69-year-old woman was referred for further evaluation and management of relapsed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. At diagnosis, she received six cycles of dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) and achieved a complete response (CR). Her first surveillance computed tomography scan 3 months later demonstrated enlarging cervical lymphadenopathy. A lymph node excision confirmed relapsed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with atypical lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD4, CD10, PD-1, and EBER, with loss of CD5 (Fig 1). A clonal T-cell receptor beta and gamma rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction was identical to that in her initial diagnostic biopsy. At our initial consultation, options for standard as well as investigational therapies were discussed, and HLA typing was initiated. The patient was enrolled onto an investigational phase II study; however, she developed progressive disease after two cycles. She was then treated with romidepsin 14 mg/m(2) administered intravenously for 3 consecutive weeks with 1 week off. After two cycles, she achieved a partial response, and after four additional cycles, she maintained her response without further improvement. We discussed additional treatment options.
Dopamine Transporter SPECT/CT and Perfusion Brain SPECT Imaging in Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcinosis
Authors: Anna Paschali, Velissarios Lakiotis, Lambros Messinis, Elli Markaki, Constantine Constantoyannis, John Ellul, Pavlos Vassilakos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A case of idiopathic basal ganglia calcification in a 56-year-old woman with parkinsonism and cognitive impairment is described. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and regional cerebral blood flow were evaluated using dopamine transporter (DAT) brain single photon emission tomography combined with a low-dose x-ray computerized tomography transmission (hybrid SPECT/CT) and Tc-99m HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT study, respectively. DAT SPECT/CT imaging revealed a reduction in DAT binding in both striatum regions coinciding with bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia. Brain perfusion scan showed hypoperfusion in basal ganglia regions, posterior parietal cortex bilaterally, left frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left temporal lobe. These findings correlated well with the clinical condition of the patient. Mineralization may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration. Cortical perfusion changes in patients may better explain the patient's altered cognitive and motor functions.
BMJ journals free to the developing world
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The BMJ Publishing Group has for almost a year provided free access to the electronic version of its 23 specialist journals to anybody in the 50 poorest countries in the world.1 (The BMJ and the studentBMJ are, of course, free to everybody everywhere.) Now we are extending free access to over 100 of the poorest countries in the world, which between them include most of the world's population (see box). Within a few weeks (once we have solved some technical problems) we will also provide free access to Clinical Evidence , our evidence based compendium of answers to commonly asked clinical questions.2

View this table:

The BMJ is not alone in providing …
P5-14-08: Impact of Progesterone Receptor Semiquantitative Immunohistochemical Result on Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score: A Quality Assurance Study of 1078 Cases.
Authors: R Bhargava, DJ Dabbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The oncotype DX® recurrence score (RS) is predominantly dependent on estrogen and progesterone receptor content of the tumor, proliferation and HER2 status. We have previously shown (Mod Pathol. 2008;21:1255–1261) that using a regression equation that incorporates the above along with tumor grade components is capable of estimating the RS [RS=13.424+5.420 (nuclear grade) +5.538 (mitotic count) −0.045 (ER immunohistochemical score) −0.030 (PR immunohistochemical score) +9.486 (HER-2/neu)]. Subsequent studies have also shown similar findings including a few that suggests an even more important role for progesterone receptor. In order to identify the role of semiquantitative progesterone receptor immunohistochemical (IHC) result in a simplistic manner, we evaluated the PR IHC score (H-score) for different categories of RS (low, intermediate, and high) within each tumor grade (I, II, III). Design: As a continuing quality assurance program at our institution, all cases sent for oncotype DX® testing that have available tumor grade, and RS were included in this study. Hormone receptor results at our institution are reported using an H-score like method which details the percentage of positive cells showing none, weak, moderate, or strong staining. The score is given as the sum of the percent staining multiplied by an ordinal value corresponding to the intensity level (0=none, 1=weak, 2=moderate, 3=strong). With four intensity levels, the resulting score ranges from 0 (no staining in the tumor) to 300 (diffuse intense staining of the tumor). Results: A total of 1078 cases were analyzed (see table below). Conclusions: Within each grade, PR IHC score is inversely related to the RS. The dramatic impact of PR IHC score on RS is noteworthy. If PR IHC score is combined with traditional histopathologic features (nuclear grade, mitotic activity score), and other IHC variables (ER IHC score, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index), then a tumor's risk of recurrence and need for chemotherapy can be reasonably estimated. Oncotype DX® test may not be necessary in more than half of cases that are currently sent for testing. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-08.
Dilated Pupils in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: A. L. Hovenden
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Skin Pigmentation by Phenindione SIR,-Staining of the skin by drugs of internal use is unusual.A simple mechanism may account for skin pigmentation occurring in a patient on long-term treatment with phenindione (Dindevan).A method of repro- ducing the phenomenon has been discovered.A man aged 47 years sustained a coronary thrombosis with a postero-lateral infarction on 5 March 1965.He was treated with phenin-
Retroviral Vectors Encoding a Reverse Transcription-activated Transgene Efficiently Limit Expression of the Gene to Target Cells
Authors: John Douglas Burke, John C Morris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant retroviral vectors are indispensable tools for the study of gene function and for therapeutic gene transfer owing to their ability to transfer and stably express foreign genes in target cells. A limitation of these vectors, however, is the difficulty in generating stable vector producer cell (VPC) lines when the vectors encode cytotoxic proteins. We developed a series of Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors encoding a reverse transcription-activated transgene. These vectors preclude gene expression in the producer cells, yet allow lines for transgene expression in target cells. The vectors were generated by cloning the gene of interest in reverse orientation either just upstream of the viral 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) or in the U3 region of the 3'LTR. An exogenous promoter was inserted, also in reverse orientation, at the R-U5 border of the viral 5'LTR. Upon transduction of target cells, the inserted promoter is copied to the 3'LTR during reverse transcription of the vector genomic RNA, where it then drives transgene expression. We tested this system using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and the SV40 promoter. Reverse transcription-activated retroviral vectors may allow for the generation of stable retroviral VPC lines encoding cytotoxic or inhibitory genes.
Bone Density in Amenorrheic Athletes and in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Philip S. Mehler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Rencken and colleagues<sup>1</sup>raises additional concerns about the detrimental effects of amennorhea in female athletes. Another population of young females for whom a similar concern is warranted includes those individuals who have anorexia nervosa. This disorder is characterized by abnormally low nutrient intake, refusal to maintain body weight at or above 85% of normal weight, intense fear of weight gain, and amenorrhea of at least 3 months' duration.<sup>2</sup>The prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 1% to 4% among adolescent females and college-age women and seems to be increasing; only about 50% of patients recover completely.<sup>3</sup> Osteoporosis recently has been added to the growing list of medical complications associated with anorexia nervosa. Pathologic fractures of the hip, spine, and long bones have been reported in these patients. These often occur early in the course of anorexia in adolescent girls, presumably because
Cognitive Function in Children and Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gunilla M. Olsson, Anna-Lena Hulting, Scott M. Montgomery
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Batty et al. (1) for their interest in our work (2). Our “omission” of their publications (all from 2007 or 2008) is not surprising. PubMed indicates that two of these …
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACHYLIA PANCREATICA
Authors: J. M. BEAZELL
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Studies on the effect of achylia pancreatica on digestion and absorption in experimental animals have been numerous and consistent. It has been clearly demonstrated that exclusion of pancreatic juice from the intestine results in a decided increase in the quantity of fat and nitrogen,<sup>1</sup>starch<sup>2</sup>and the total carbohydrate<sup>3</sup>eliminated in the feces. In view of the uniformity of these results, the negative results reported by some of the older workers<sup>4</sup>can be attributed to a simple failure to exclude all pancreatic juice from the intestine.<sup>5</sup> Reports on the value of substitution therapy in experimental achylia pancreatica have not been entirely harmonious. Pratt, Lamson and Marks,<sup>5</sup>Cruickshank,<sup>6</sup>Nasset, Pierce and Murlin,<sup>7</sup>Selle<sup>8</sup>and Schmidt, Beazell, Crittenden and Ivy<sup>9</sup>all observed a significant reduction in the quantity of nitrogen wasted in the feces when adequate substitution therapy was instituted. Coffey, Mann
Effects of a Low-oestrogen Oral Contraceptive on Urinary Excretion of Luteinizing Hormone and Ovarian Steroids
Authors: M. Elstein, P. G. Briston, M. Jenkins, D. Kirk, H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The urinary gonadotrophin and ovarian steroid excretion pattern was studied in five women taking an oral contraceptive formulation consisting of mestranol 50 mug and norethisterone 1 mg. Both the pretreatment and post-treatment cycles were normal. The ovulatory peak of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the treatment cycles was uniformly suppressed, but LH continued to be excreted within the normal range. In one fifth of the treatment cycles there was a pronounced and sustained rise of oestrogen output in the absence of ovulation, and in many of the other treatment cycles oestrogen levels suggested that active ovarian steroidogenesis was taking place.
Differences in Patient and Bed Partner–assessed Quality of Life in Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: J. Gabrielle Breugelmans, Daniel E. Ford, Philip L. Smith, Naresh M. Punjabi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with daytime sleepiness and impaired quality of life. Clinical experience suggests that there is a discrepancy between the information provided by the patient and the bed partner. Although this discrepancy is widely recognized, it is not known whether there are differences in quality of life ratings as reported by the patient and by the bed partner on the patient's behalf. Using the Short-Form 36 to assess quality of life in 122 patients with SDB (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5 events/hour), this study found that patients with SDB generally rate their quality of life higher than their respective bed partners. Systematic differences existed between the two raters in the following Short-Form 36 domains: physical functioning, general health, and vitality. Moreover, male patients reported a higher functional status compared with female patients relative to their respective bed partners. In contrast, no differences were noted between self and bed partner quality of life in normal subjects (n = 15) without SDB (apnea-hypopnea index < 5 events/hour) recruited from the general community. This study suggests that systematic differences exist between patient- and bed partner-assessed quality of life in SDB. Bed partner ratings provide supplemental information on quality of life impairment in SDB.
WEARABLE DEFIBRILLATOR IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND INHERITED ARRHYTHMIA: A MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mohan Rao, Arthur J. Moss, Helmut Klein, Alon Barsheshet, Nicole R. Bianco, Wojciech Zareba, David T. Huang, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Banking on Ranking
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Warner V. Slack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Since the National Intern and Residency Matching Plan was established in 1951, it has distributed more than 180,000 interns to hospitals in the United States. This plan has brought order to a process that was confused and unwieldy for both students and hospitals, and its concept has been widely accepted.1 2 3 4 Computerized matching is assumed to provide an optimal union between student and hospital; yet this procedure is not always satisfactory, especially for hospitals that consider selection in terms of the overall group they hope to obtain, as well as the individual students in that group. In many such hospitals, circumvention . . .