tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Annular Bands
Authors: David C. M. Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Drs. Alan K. Izumi and Harry L. Arnold, Jr. (229:1208, 1974), the authors offer the evidence that these annular bands represent a congenital collagen dysplasia rather than scars. This should be reevaluated in the light of other articles. One of the more recent is "Congenital Constricting Bands and Congenital Amputations of the Fingers" by Joseph H. Field, MD, and Daniel O. Krag, MD (<i>J Bone Joint Surg</i>55A:1035, 1973). This article shows rather conclusive evidence that congenital constricting bands can be traced to a tear in the amnion occurring at a strategic time in embryonic development. When this occurs, strands from the amnion and chorion wrap themselves around fetal parts. Two cases in the article, which presented gross and microscopic studies of the placentas of these cases, show missing amnion and the expected changes in the chorion.
A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis
Authors: R.-M. Szeimies, J. Bichel, J.-P. Ortonne, E. Stockfleth, J. Lee, T-C. Meng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Resiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist, may be effective as a topical treatment of actinic keratosis (AK).To evaluate the effect of resiquimod gel concentration on lesion clearance.Patients with AK lesions on the face or balding scalp were randomly assigned to resiquimod 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.06% or 0.1% gel applied once daily three times a week for 4 weeks to a contiguous 25-cm(2) area with four to eight lesions. Patients with persistent lesions received a second course after an 8-week treatment-free interval. Complete and partial lesion clearance was assessed 8 weeks after treatment for each course.For the 132 patients randomized, overall complete clearance rates were 77.1% (27/35), 90.3% (28/31), 78.1% (25/32) and 85.3% (29/34) and complete clearance rates after course 1 only were 40.0%, 74.2%, 56.3% and 70.6%, respectively, for the resiquimod 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% groups. During course 1, respectively 0%, 13%, 31% and 38% of patients discontinued treatment for adverse events or local skin reactions, for the resiquimod 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% groups. Possibly or probably related nonapplication site adverse events of severe intensity, including influenza-like symptoms, were reported by 0%, 3%, 13% and 12% of patients, respectively, for the resiquimod 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% groups.Efficacy in clearing AK lesions was similar between the resiquimod concentrations evaluated, but resiquimod 0.01% and 0.03% were better tolerated than the higher concentrations.
Antioxidative treatment inhibits the release of thrombogenic tissue factor from irradiation- and cytokine-induced endothelial cells
Authors: Björn Szotowski, Silvio Antoniak, Petra Goldin-Lang, Quoc-Viet Tran, Klaus Pels, Peter Rosenthal, Vladimir Y. Bogdanov, Hans-Hubert Borchert, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Ursula Rauch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the ionizing radiation (IR)- and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced tissue factor (TF) expression and its release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were irradiated with a single dose of either 5 Gy or 10 Gy and stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of PDTC and NAC, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and TF activity measurements were performed, including TF activity in the supernatant. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric active caspase-3 measurement and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chemiluminescence. Results: We demonstrated a thus far uninvestigated persistent induction of TF expression in HUVECs after treatment with IR and TNF-α. Combined stimulation with IR and TNF-α led to an immense shedding of microparticle-associated TF which was positively correlated with apoptosis and ROS formation. Antioxidative pre-treatment reduced not only apoptosis and ROS formation, but also the release of thrombogenic microparticles. Conclusions: Antioxidative treatment inhibited apoptosis and shedding of microparticles, thereby reducing thrombogenicity. Thus, antioxidants may help to prevent late thrombosis after antiproliferative treatment when used in combination with anticoagulants.
A CONSIDERATION OF FOUR CASES OF EPILEPSY WITH REFERENCE TO CAUSE.
Authors: CHARLES S. BOND
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It sometimes happens that a consideration of much worn subjects is profitable, and I therefore ask your indulgence for a few minutes to a subject, which is as old as any, in medicine, and which has profited as little as any, by the experience of past centuries. Undoubtedly the cause of this tardy progress is due in large measure to the multiplicity of irritations, which directly or indirectly produce the cortical explosions. Barring traumatic causes of direct influence, the study of peripheral sources of irritation is most interesting and fraught with the most lasting results. It is to this side of the study that the cases, selected out of a large general practice, are intended to be added. [unk]<i>Case 1</i>is that of a little boy nine months old, who had his first epileptic seizures when but three months of age. The parents of this child are free from
Assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: L. Zwaigenbaum
Journal: BMJ (2011)

New NICE guidelines set clear evidence based standards for quality care

The linked article by Baird and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6360) summarises the recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance on the recognition, referral, and diagnosis of children and young people with autism spectrum disorders (hereafter, autism).1 The guidance provides a comprehensive list of practice recommendations that have far reaching implications for care providers in the United Kingdom.1 2 The guidelines were developed in partnership with the National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, with substantial stakeholder input, including parents, carers, and community practitioners. There are 68 recommendations related to initial recognition, referral, diagnostic evaluation, and medical investigation of children and adolescents with possible autism. The guidelines provide a clear blueprint for diagnosing autism that is aimed at improving family experience and optimising outcomes.

Foremost is the recommendation for collaboration across healthcare, social services, and the education and voluntary sectors to establish a local autism strategy group in each community. This group should ensure that early recognition, referral, and diagnosis of autism are well coordinated and guided by principles of evidence based practice and family centred care. It would also be responsible for streamlining the assessment process to minimise delays and ensure timely access to support and intervention services. It is recommended that the care pathway includes focused developmental surveillance …
Medical Countermeasures for Pandemic Influenza: Ethics and the Law
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scientists call for more funding for research into Alzheimer's disease
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Scientists predict that a drug that slows the progression of Alzheimer’s disease could be available within five or 10 years. But the UK government needs to provide a sustained increase in research funding to make this a reality, they said.

Simon Lovestone, professor of old age psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, told the 10th annual meeting of the Alzheimer’s Research Trust in London on 19 March: “There are 10 or 11 drugs in …
Concentration of chloramphenicol in the urine and blood in relation to renal function.
Authors: A. A. Lindberg, L. H. Nilsson, H. Bucht, L. O. Kallings
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The value of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions of corticosteroids in the treatment of certain cardiac diseases is discussed.Rheumatic pancarditis, virus pericarditis and myocarditis, and the post-pericardiotomy syndrome may respond favourably, and the treatment may sometimes obviate the need for artificial pacing in complete heart-block.The use of corticosteroids in intractable cardiac oedema is also discussed.
Survey of County-Level Heat Preparedness and Response to the 2011 Summer Heat in 30 U.S. States
Authors: Jalonne L. White-Newsome, Brenda Ekwurzel, Mia Baer-Schultz, Kristie L. Ebi, Marie S. O’Neill, G. Brooke Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Adapting to extreme heat is becoming more critical as our climate changes. Previous research reveals that very few communities in the United States have programs to sufficiently prevent health problems during hot weather.
Adult-onset cyclic neutropenia is a benign neoplasm associated with clonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes.
Authors: T P Loughran, W P Hammond
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human cyclic neutropenia occurs in children and adults. Adult-onset cyclic neutropenia is an acquired disease characterized by increased numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), in contrast to childhood-onset cyclic neutropenia in which LGL counts are normal. We investigated the clonality of lymphocytes in these two groups of patients by assessing the rearrangement status of the T cell receptor beta chain gene. Patients with adult-onset cyclic neutropenia showed clonal rearrangement of the T beta gene whereas the children did not. Since LGL are known to have multiple regulatory effects on normal hematopoiesis, the finding of a clonal proliferation of this lymphocyte population implicates these cells in the pathogenesis of cyclic neutropenia.
Abstract IA22: Molecular Imaging of androgen receptor signalling in CRPC
Authors: Steven M. Larson, Joe Fox, Michael Morris, Michael Evans, Jason Lewis, John Humm, Charles L. Sawyers, Howard I. Scher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal form of the disease. For this reason we have developed Molecular Imaging (MI) methods to study AR, both in laboratory and clinic. For this work we have used a radiotracer that is highly specific for AR, a flourine-18 analog of dihydrotestoterone, (FDHT) the most abundant androgen at the tissue level in human cancers. In the laboratory for example, we have used FDHT to document AR binding of novel drugs and to determine their relative affinity and the number of AR receptor sites in human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts. In the clinic we have imaged patients with CRPC to determine the impact of therapies on AR expression. During the course of this work we have developed quantitative kinetic models based on PET imaging and have shown the FDHT binding and uptake into cancers is AR dependent, and that the metabolites of FDHT do not bind appreciably to AR. We have compared FDHT and FDG in CRPC patients and have determined that there are an average of 17 tumors per patient (n=107), and the 90% of metabolically active tumors for FDG or FDHT express AR, but that there is a group of lesions that do not but are detected by metabolism of FDG. We have shown that drugs which target AR displace FDHT completely when used in full pharmacologic doses. So far the data is consistent with the view that this type of displacement is a necessary condition for tumor response, but clearly some patients whose AR binding is completely blocked have lesions which continue to progress through unknown mechanisms. We believe that molecular imaging using antibodies labeled with PET emitters will add greatly to our knowledge about CRPC, and studies in man with 89Zr-DFO J591, and antibody targeting PSMA are just beginning. The impact of AR signaling on PSMA expression has been shown in the laboratory to be down regulation, and we intend to explore the use of antibodies to provide a pharmacodynamic biomarker of AR signaling in man during therapy with AR blockers in the clinic. Citation Format: Steven M. Larson, Joe Fox, Michael Morris, Michael Evans, Jason Lewis, John Humm, Charles L. Sawyers, Howard I. Scher. Molecular Imaging of androgen receptor signaling in CRPC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract 1058: Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 are associated with DNA hypermethylation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Pu Wang, Qiong-Zhu Dong, Chong Zhang, Pei-Fen Kuan, Yufeng Liu, William R. Jeck, Jesper B. Andersen, James Todd Auman, Janelle M. Hoskins, Jin Woo Kim, Kristian Cibulskis, Gad Getz, Heike V. Hunt, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Lewis R. Roberts, Dan Ye, Kun-Liang Guan, Yue Xiong, Lun-Xiu Qin, Derek Y. Chiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cholangiocarcinomas are rare but aggressive cancers, with an increasing incidence and a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH1 and IDH2, have been reported in ∼70% of gliomas, ∼20% of myeloid leukemias, ∼56% of chondrosarcomas, and ∼10% of melanomas. We discovered IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 29 of 305 (9%) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Tumors with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 had lower 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and higher 5-methylcytosine levels, as well as increased dimethylation of histone H3K79. Mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 were independently associated with longer time to recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in multivariate analysis (p = 0.046). We identified 2,267 genes that were significantly hypermethylated in tumors with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2. Hypermethylated CpG sites were significantly enriched in CpG shores and in the 1500 bp upstream of annotated transcription start sites, suggesting a global regulation of transcriptional potential. Gene expression profiling of 7 IDH1/2-mutant and 20 IDH1/2-wildtype tumors revealed increased expression of citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, as well as decreased expression of cytoskeleton organization genes. Integrated analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression identified interleukin-6 and several of its downstream targets as candidates for silencing by DNA methylation. Conclusions: Cholangiocarcinomas with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 represent a molecular subclass with distinct signaling pathway alterations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1058. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1058
Is Grotan BK a contact sensitizer?
Authors: R. Rycroft
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Is Grotan BK a contact sensitizer? Get access R. Rycroft R. Rycroft St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London WC2 7BJ Dr Richard Rycroft, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 3, 1 September 1978, Pages 346–348, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb02010.x Published: 01 September 1978
Hand-held echocardiography with doppler capability for the assessment of critically-ill patients: is it reliable?
Authors: Philippe Vignon, Micka�l B. J. Frank, J�r�me Lesage, Fr�d�rique M�cke, Bruno Fran�ois, Sandrine Normand, Michel Bonnivard, Marc Clavel, Herv� Gastinne
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen levels in primary TTP and secondary TTP post-bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Maya T. Anthony, Zella R. Zeigler, John Lister, Jane M. Raymond, Richard K. Shadduck, Robert E. Kramer, Jeffrey F. Gryn, P. B. Rintels, Emmanuel C. Besa, James N. George, Bernard Silver, Robert Joyce, David Bodensteiner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Our objectives were to measure and compare plasminogen activator inhibitor levels (PAI-1) in primary adult thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and in secondary TTP associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT)-TTP. PAI-1 antigen levels were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on platelet poor plasma samples obtained from patients at the time of diagnosis of the TTP disorder and from a group of normal volunteers. The samples were frozen at –70°C. Patients with TTP secondary to bone marrow transplantation had their grade determined by percentage fragmented cells and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The primary TTP samples were contributed by investigators in the multi-institutional North American TTP Group, and the bone marrow transplant samples were obtained from an adult bone marrow transplant program. Nineteen patients with adult TTP, and 47 patients with bone marrow transplant-TTP were evaluated. Of the latter, 14 had Grade 2, 13 had Grade 3, and 20 had Grade 4 BMT-TTP. PAI-1 levels were elevated compared to control volunteers in both primary adult TTP and BMT-TTP, P < 0.001. Levels did not differ from normal in Grade 2 BMT-TTP (median = 16 ng/ml; quartiles = 9–20). PAI-1 levels were similar in primary TTP (median = 32 ng/ml; quartiles = 25–51) and Grade 3 BMT-TTP (median = 35 ng/ml; quartiles = 19–48 ng/ml), P = 0.7. However, PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in Grade 4 BMT-TTP (median = 83 ng/ml; quartiles = 60–143) than Grade 3 BMT-TTP, and primary TTP, P < 0.001. PAI-1 levels are high in primary TTP and secondary bone marrow transplant-TTP (Grades 3–4). In contrast, normal levels are seen in Grade 2 BMT-TTP, which is a self-limited disorder. Therefore, high PAI-1 levels may contribute to hypofibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of primary TTP and of moderate to severe TTP (Grades 3–4) following bone marrow transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 59:9–14, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction Related to Passive Smoking Is Potentially Reversible in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage, but the potential for reversibility of this damage is unknown. Objective: To assess the reversibility of arterial endothelial dysfunction, a key marker of early atherosclerosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: 60 healthy persons 15 to 39 years of age: 20 with no exposure to active or passive smoking, 20 nonsmoking passive smokers (exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for ≥ 1 hour per day for ≥ 2 years), and 20 former passive smokers. Measurements: Arterial endothelial function measured by noninvasive ultrasonography. Results: Endothelium-dependent dilatation was significantly better in former passive smokers (5.1% ± 4.1% [range, −1.2% to 15.6%]) than in current passive smokers (2.3% ± 2.1% [range, −0.2% to 6.7%]) (P = 0.01), although both groups were significantly impaired compared with nonsmoking controls (8.9% ± 3.2% [range, 2.1% to 16.7%]) (P ≤ 0.01 for both comparisons). Conclusions: In healthy young adults, arterial endothelial dysfunction related to passive smoking seems to be partially reversible.
Skin cancer prevention and UV-protection: how to avoid vitamin D-deficiency?
Authors: J. Reichrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Because solar UV-radiation represents the most important environmental risk factor for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer, UV protection is important to prevent these malignancies. Consequently, public health campaigns were developed to improve the knowledge of the general population regarding the role of UV-radiation for the development of skin cancer. However, it has to be noted that vitamin D-mediated positive effects of UV light were not adequately considered in most of these campaigns, that often propose a strict 'no sun policy' without giving recommendations how to prevent vitamin D-deficiency. Under our living conditions, approximately 90% of all vitamin D needed by the human body has to be formed in the skin through the action of UV-B-radiation and it has been shown that strict sun protection causes vitamin D-deficiency. This dilemma represents a serious problem, for an association of vitamin D-deficiency and multiple independent diseases including various types of cancer, bone diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension has now been reported in a large number of laboratory and epidemiologic investigations. Although further work is necessary to define an adequate vitamin D-status and adequate guidelines for UV-exposure, it is at present mandatory that guidelines for UV-exposure (e.g. in skin cancer prevention campaigns) consider these facts and give recommendations how to prevent vitamin D-deficiency. At present, most experts in the field agree that the evidence to date suggests that daily intake of 1000-2000 IU vitamin D could reduce the incidence of vitamin D-deficiency-related diseases with minimal risk in Europe, the US, and other countries. In this review, we analyze the present literature to help developing well-balanced guidelines on UV-protection that ensure an adequate vitamin D-status. These recommendations will hopefully protect us against vitamin D-deficiency without increasing the risk to develop UV-induced skin cancer.
Protein Nutrition
Authors: Jessica H. Lewis, F. H. L. Taylor, Charles S. Davidson, Margaret A. Adams, Jean V. Harrison, Mary A. Maloney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN THE treatment of many diseases it is often desirable to administer a part or, occasionally, all of the patient's food in a liquid form. Such a liquid formula should satisfy the nutritional needs of the patient in a concentrated, easily assimilable form. Particular interest has recently been evidenced in food supplements designed for patients needing additional protein. A high-protein intake has been shown to be especially desirable in certain conditions, such as cirrhosis of the liver,1 nephrosis,2 peptic ulcer,3 healing of surgical wounds4 and burns5 and states of malnutrition due to restricted intake.The supplement¶ described in this paper . . .