tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Utilization Review
Authors: John D. Porterfield
Journal: JAMA (1966)

There are two reasons why utilization review is an essential component of institutional medical practice today. The first has to do with excellence. It is true, despite frequent comment and occasional defections, that physicians have a basic desire to provide the best possible treatment for their patients, that they recognize the constantly increasing impossibility of any one man keeping up with the growth and shift of medical knowledge, that they accept the fact that medical practice can be kept at its best possible level not only by continuing study and constant reappraisal but by a regular quest for objective evaluation by their peers. The critics who object that self-policing is a case of 'I police you' and 'you police me' have the correct version. Objectivity is thereby achieved. Nor can it be overlooked that evaluation of medical practice is best done by other medical practitioners—not by nonmedical persons who do
Effect of a Stepped-Care Intervention Approach on Weight Loss in Adults
Authors: John M. Jakicic, Deborah F. Tate, Wei Lang, Kelli K. Davis, Kristen Polzien, Amy D. Rickman, Karen Erickson, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Eric A. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Given the obesity epidemic, effective but resource-efficient weight loss treatments are needed. Stepped-treatment approaches customize interventions based on milestone completion and can be more effective while costing less to administer than conventional treatment approaches.To determine whether a stepped-care weight loss intervention (STEP) compared with a standard behavioral weight loss intervention (SBWI) would result in greater weight loss.A randomized clinical trial of 363 overweight and obese adults (body mass index: 25-<40; age: 18-55 years, 33% nonwhite, and 83% female) who were randomized to SBWI (n = 165) or STEP (n = 198) at 2 universities affiliated with academic medical centers in the United States (Step-Up Study). Participants were enrolled between May 2008 and February 2010 and data collection was completed by September 2011.All participants were placed on a low-calorie diet, prescribed increases in physical activity, and attended group counseling sessions ranging from weekly to monthly during an 18-month period. The SBWI group was assigned to a fixed program. Counseling frequency, type, and weight loss strategies could be modified every 3 months for the STEP group in response to observed weight loss as it related to weight loss goals.Mean change in weight over 18 months. Additional outcomes included resting heart rate and blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, fitness, physical activity, dietary intake, and cost of the program.Of the 363 participants randomized, 260 (71.6%) provided a measure of mean change in weight over 18 months. The 18-month intervention resulted in weight decreasing from 93.1 kg (95% CI, 91.0 to 95.2 kg) to 85.6 kg (95% CI, 83.4 to 87.7 kg) (P < .001) in the SBWI group and from 92.7 kg (95% CI, 90.8 to 94.6 kg) to 86.4 kg (95% CI, 84.5 to 88.4 kg) in the STEP group (P < .001). The percentage change in weight from baseline to 18 months was -8.1% (95% CI, -9.4% to -6.9%) in the SBWI group (P < .001) compared with -6.9% (95% CI, -8.0% to -5.8%) in the STEP group (P < .001). Although the between-group difference in 18-month weight loss was not statistically different (-1.3 kg [95% CI, -2.8 to 0.2 kg]; P = .09), there was a significant group × time interaction effect (P = .03). The cost per participant was $1357 (95% CI, $1272 to $1442) for the SBWI group vs $785 (95% CI, $739 to $830) for the STEP group (P < .001). Both groups had significant and comparable improvements in resting heart rate, blood pressure level, and fitness.Among overweight and obese adults, the use of SBWI resulted in a greater mean weight loss than STEP over 18 months. Compared with SBWI, STEP resulted in clinically meaningful weight loss that cost less to implement.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00714168.
Expression of regeneration and tolerance factor on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias: A possible mechanism for escaping immune surveillance
Authors: Cheryl J. Aslakson, Gerald Lee, Jonathan S. Boomer, Alice Gilman-Sachs, Omer Kucuk, Kenneth D. Beaman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is a protein expressed on developing tissue such as the thymus and the placenta. RTF has been reported to down-regulate cell-mediated immune responses. To examine the potential role of tumor-derived RTF to suppressing antitumor responses, we analyzed a panel of seven B cell tumor lines for the membrane RTF using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated monoclonal antibody, which reacts with membrane RTF. All the B cell tumor lines we examined express RTF on the cell surface. We also tested conditioned media from these B cell lines for their ability to suppress IL-2R expression on activated cells. Conditioned media from each B cell line suppressed IL-2R expression on activated Jurkat T cells and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A monoclonal antibody to the biologically active portion of RTF reversed this suppressive activity. Finally, the tumor cell population from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to express cell surface RTF. Thus, RTF expression could be a new mechanism used by tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. Am. J. Hematol. 61:46–52, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity Training: Interpersonal "Overkill" and Other Problems
Authors: JOHN L. KUEHN, FRANCIS M. CRINELLA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

This discussion of T-groups focuses on questions of ecology, selection, leadership, and ethics. The authors identify four groups of people who they feel should be systematically excluded from T-groups: psychotics, characterologic neurotics, hysterics, and individuals in crisis. They express concern that not enough attention is being paid to the need for knowledgeable and experienced leaders for sensitivity training groups.
1–131 MIBG Detection of Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoid
Authors: MICHAEL S. KIPPER, LINDA KROHN, PAUL D. GROSSMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 59-year-old man was referred for MIBG imaging because he had been diagnosed with carcinoid syndrome. Five HIAA levels were markedly elevated, and he had classic symptoms of flushing and diarrhea. An 1–131 MIBG study was performed in conjunction with Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver imaging, and it demonstrated multiple focal areas of pathologic accumulation of MIBG in areas that were cold on the liver scan. This patient is now under evaluation for 1–131 MIBG therapy. Demonstrable uptake on the patient's diagnostic MIBG scan suggested the potential for MIBG therapy. Although the sensitivity of MIBG in the detection of carcinoid is suboptlmal, it is of value in selected patients, including those under consideration for the administration of high-dose MIBG (i.e., 200–250 mCi) as treatment when other options have been unsuccessful.
Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination on new-onset type 1 diabetes. A randomized clinical study.
Authors: H F Allen, G J Klingensmith, P Jensen, E Simoes, A Hayward, H P Chase
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to test whether Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine preserves beta-cell function and increases the remission rate in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial offered to children referred to the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes or the Baystate Medical Center with a diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes. There were 94 children aged 5-18 years who received either BCG or saline intradermally within 4 months of onset of symptoms and who were then evaluated at 3-month intervals for 2 years. The primary end point was remission, defined as insulin independence for 4 weeks. Secondary end points were C-peptide levels (fasting and in response to a mixed meal challenge), insulin dose, and HbA1c. RESULTS: Of the patients, 47 were randomized to each arm; 7 in the placebo group and 9 in the BCG group did not complete 1 year of the study and are not included in the analysis. One patient from each group achieved remission. Fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels did not differ by treatment arm but declined in both groups and were lower initially and during the entire 2-year period in younger children. Insulin requirements and HbA1c levels did not differ in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination with BCG at the time of onset of type 1 diabetes does not increase the remission rate or preserve beta-cell function.
Resisting the tyranny of terminology: The general dynamical hypothesis in cognitive science
Authors: Terence Horgan, John Tienson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

What van Gelder calls the dynamical hypothesis is only a special case of what we here dub the general dynamical hypothesis. His terminology makes it easy to overlook important alternative dynamical approaches in cognitive science. Connectionist models typically conform to the general dynamical hypothesis, but not to van Gelder's.
PARATAXIC DISTORTION AND HISTORY TAKING: AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IN TEACHING JUNIOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: IMOGENE S. YOUNG, NATHANIEL S. APTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

The participation of the psychiatric social worker in an experimental teaching method in which the specific skills of psychiatric social work are utilized is described. This method was used with 20 successive groups of students in 40 sessions over a 1-year period.
Abstract 3487: Distant delivery of glioma-restricted oncolytic adenovirus loaded into a neural stem cell-based carrier prolongs the survival of animals with human glioblastoma
Authors: Atique U. Ahmed, Bart Thaci, Alex Tobias, Nikita G. Alexiades, Yu Han, Ilya I. Ulasov, Karen Aboody, Maciej S. Lesniak
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Despite recent advancements in the treatment of brain tumors, the prognosis for patients with malignant glioblastoma (GBM) still remains poor due to the invasive nature of these tumors. In this context, our lab and others have investigated the unique inherent tumor tropic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) as a novel platform for the targeted delivery of oncolytic adenovirus for anti-glioma therapy. NSCs hold great promise for glioma therapy because of their inherent ability to target satellite tumor foci throughout the brain. In this study, we report that the infection/loading of NSCs with oncolytic adenovirus upregulate various chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR4 (10-fold, P=0.0054), VEGFR2 (5-fold, P=0.0143) and significantly enhances glioma specific migration of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In a human glioma xenograft animal model, virus loaded NSCs retain a majority of their tumor homing capacity with minimal effect on their viability, and are capable of delivering a therapeutic payload to tumor cells located far from the original implanted site. Moreover, NSC-based cell carriers significantly reduce the non-specific distribution of therapeutic virus in the animal brain. Finally, distance delivery of NSCs-loaded with CRAd-S-pk7, a glioma restricted oncolytic adenovirus, in multiple orthotropic xenograft models of human glioma have shown the ability to inhibit tumor growth and increase median survival by about 38 days (54%) as compared to the animal group treated with the CRAd-S-pk7 alone (P=0.0416). Our data suggest that NSC-based cell carriers have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-glioma virotherapy by not only protecting the therapeutic virus from the host immune system, but also by enhancing targeted delivery of therapeutic virus at disseminated tumor sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3487. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3487
Do statins reduce the risk of infection?
Authors: B. A. Golomb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Observational evidence of a benefit is now refuted by randomised trials

The linked meta-analysis of randomised trials by van den Hoek and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7281) assesses whether the potential of statins to lower the risk of infections noted in observational studies is causal.1 Data were pooled from 11 eligible clinical trials of statins relative to placebo, all of which had at least 100 patients who were treated for at least a year. The trials studied 30 947 patients, of whom 4655 reported an infection—2368 in the statin group and 2287 in the placebo group. This new analysis—the strongest to date on this subject—showed no benefit of statins on the occurrence of infection (relative risk 1.0) or death as a result of infection.

These findings might seem surprising. They are in stark contrast to the favourable associations—greater than 60% reductions for some infection outcomes—reported in pooled analyses of mainly observational studies,2 which were also supported by mechanisms by which statins could theoretically reduce infection.

However, observational studies have reported improvements in other outcomes with statins (including bone health, cognition and Alzheimer’s …
Abstract 3410: Discovery of prognostic factors in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors by use of Intercohort co-analysis of public gene expression datasets
Authors: Idriss M. Bennani-Baiti, Elizabeth R. Lawlor, Aaron Cooper, Maximilian Kauer, Jozef Ban, Dave N.T Aryee, Heinrich Kovar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer genomics can help uncover genes that may serve as indicators of tumor susceptibility, progression, or treatment outcome, as exemplified by studies of adult tumors for which large cohorts are readily available. Childhood cancers comprise a large number of low-incidence histogenetically and molecularly distinct neoplasms, rendering population-based genomic studies unrealistic for these diseases. In recent years, several small-size cohort childhood cancer genomic studies have been published. We report here a novel analytical approach, named intercohort co-analysis or Ican, whereby gene expression significance is inferred from gene expression levels in biologically relevant normal tissues, and gene-disease association significance is assessed in each individual cohort. Next, only genes found to be consistently significant in all cohorts are considered as putative markers of specific disease states. We tested Ican in Ewing's sarcoma (ESFT), a family of tumors that lacks a reliable molecular prognostic or metastasis indicator. We report here that this approach revealed a high intercohort gene expression significance variability, and identified CXCR4 and CXCR7, two chemokine receptors known to correlate to metastasis and/or to poor prognosis mostly in adult cancers, as significantly and consistently associated with ESFT subsets. Accordingly, we show for the first time that CXCR4 expression marks metastatic ESFT and that of CXCR7 serves as a predictor of adverse patient survival. We submit these findings as a proof-of-principle that Ican of publicly available gene expression profiles can yield genes with predictive value for the progression or outcome of low-incidence diseases. We further submit that this approach is poised to gain momentum as many journals now request the mandatory contribution of gene expression profiles to public repositories. These policies, along with the growing number of cancer gene expression profiling investigations, we predict, will swiftly drive upward the number of publicly available low-incidence disease expression datasets, and consequently, of Ican applications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3410.
Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms: a challenge in endoscopic surveillance of patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: E. Rondagh, S. Gulikers, E. Gómez-García, Y. Vanlingen, Y. Detisch, B. Winkens, H. Vasen, A. Masclee, S. Sanduleanu
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Patients with Lynch syndrome may develop colorectal cancer (CRC), despite intensive colonoscopic surveillance. Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms might be a major contributor to the occurrence of these cancers. The aim of this case – control study was to compare the endoscopic appearance of colorectal neoplasms between patients with Lynch syndrome and control individuals at average risk for CRC. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The endoscopists at the Maastricht University Medical Center were first given training to ensure familiarity with the appearance and classification of nonpolypoid lesions. Patients with Lynch syndrome and patients at average risk for CRC who underwent elective colonoscopy at the Center were prospectively included. Nonpolypoid lesions were defined as lesions with a height of less than half the diameter, and advanced histology was defined as the presence of high grade dysplasia or early cancer. <b>Results: </b>A total of 59 patients with Lynch syndrome (mean age 48.7 years, 47.5 % men) and 590 matched controls (mean age 50.2 years, 47.5 % men) were included. In patients with Lynch syndrome, adenomas were significantly more likely to be nonpolypoid than they were in controls: 43.3 % vs. 16.9 % (OR 3.60, 95 %CI 1.90 – 6.83; <i>P</i> < 0.001). This was particularly true for proximal adenomas: 58.1 % vs. 16.3 % (OR 6.93, 95 %CI 2.92 – 16.40; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Adenomas containing advanced histology were more often nonpolypoid in patients with Lynch syndrome than in controls (4/5, 80.0 % vs. 5/17, 29.4 %; <i>P</i> = 0.19). Serrated polyps were also more often nonpolypoid in patients with Lynch syndrome than in controls: 49.2 % vs. 20.4 % (OR 3.57, 95 %CI 1.91 – 6.68; <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions: </b>In patients with Lynch syndrome, colorectal neoplasms are more likely to have a nonpolypoid shape than those from average risk patients, especially in the proximal colon. These findings suggest that proficiency in recognition and endoscopic resection of nonpolypoid colorectal lesions are needed to ensure colonoscopic prevention against CRC in this high risk population.
A comparative study of Fas and Fas-ligand expression during melanoma progression
Authors: C. Soubrane, R. Mouawad, E.C. Antoine, O. Verola, M. Gil-Delgado, D. Khayat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article A comparative study of Fas and Fas‐ligand expression during melanoma progression Get access C. Soubrane, C. Soubrane Medical Oncology Department, Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Claude Soubrane MD, PhD. E‐mail: claude.soubrane@psl.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Mouawad, R. Mouawad Medical Oncology Department, Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.C. Antoine, E.C. Antoine Medical Oncology Department, Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Verola, O. Verola Department of Morbid Pathology, S. Louis Hospital, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gil‐Delgado, M. Gil‐Delgado Medical Oncology Department, Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Khayat D. Khayat Medical Oncology Department, Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 2, 1 August 2000, Pages 307–312, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03655.x Published: 01 August 2000
Adenosine-sensitive afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: Y Song, S Thedford, B B Lerman, L Belardinelli
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

This study examines the cellular basis and specificity of the effects of adenosine on early afterdepolarizations (EADs), delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), and triggered activity (TA) induced by various drugs with different mechanisms of action. Membrane potential and currents were measured in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Adenosine (10-100 microM) significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the amplitude of DADs and suppressed TA induced by isoproterenol (10-50 nM) and forskolin (1 microM) but not those induced by dibutyryl cAMP (1 microM), ouabain (1-5 microM), and 7.2 mM [Ca2+]o. Adenosine also abolished EADs and TA induced by isoproterenol. In contrast, adenosine failed to abolish EADs and TA induced by quinidine (3 microM) or those that occurred spontaneously (i.e., in the absence of drugs). Transient inward current (ITi) was induced on repolarization after 2-second-long single depolarizing voltage steps or after 12-second-long trains of 300-msec depolarizing pulses. Concomitant with the attenuation of DADs, adenosine suppressed ITi caused by isoproterenol and forskolin but not those induced by ouabain, dibutyryl cAMP, and elevated [Ca2+]o. The amplitude of ITi was dependent on the magnitude of the activating voltage step, but the suppression of ITi by adenosine was not. The selective A1-adenosine receptor antagonist N-0861 (9-methyladenine derivative) antagonized the effects of adenosine on afterdepolarizations, ITi, and TA. In myocytes from guinea pigs treated with pertussis toxin, adenosine failed to attenuate DADs and ITi or abolish TA induced by isoproterenol or forskolin. In parallel experiments, isoproterenol (10 nM) raised cellular cAMP from 5.7 +/- 0.2 to 8.1 +/- 0.1 pmol and the selective A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (5 microM) reduced it to 6.5 +/- 0.2 pmol (p less than 0.05). Thus, adenosine specifically attenuates afterdepolarizations and abolishes TA by suppressing ITiS that are associated with stimulation of adenylate cyclase via a pertussis toxin-sensitive A1 receptor-mediated action. In conclusion, the response of TA to adenosine may identify a mechanism of afterdepolarization related to stimulation of adenylate cyclase.
Molecular Imaging of Interstitial Alterations in Remodeling Myocardium After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Susanne W.M. van den Borne, Satoshi Isobe, Johan W. Verjans, Artiom Petrov, Dagfinn Lovhaug, Peng Li, H. Reinier Zandbergen, Youping Ni, Peter Frederik, Jun Zhou, Bente Arbo, Astri Rogstad, Alan Cuthbertson, Salah Chettibi, Chris Reutelingsperger, W. Matthijs Blankesteijn, Jos F.M. Smits, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Faiez Zannad, Mani A. Vannan, Navneet Narula, Bertram Pitt, Leonard Hofstra, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Memorial to Dr. N. S. Davis.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Hartford, Conn., March 20, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The American Medical Society for the Study of Alcohol and Other Narcotics has arranged to hold a memorial meeting in memory of the late Dr. N. S. Davis of Chicago at Portland, Ore., July 11, 1905. An entire evening will be devoted to commemorative addresses and papers on the life and work of Dr. Davis. Dr. H. 0. Marcy, Boston, will deliver a memorial oration, which will be followed by addresses by Drs. Webster, Hall, Crothers, Hollister, Didama and others. Arrangements are being made to establish a memorial lectureship to the work and memory of Dr. Davis to be delivered annually at the sessions of the Association.