tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ATM-dependent responses to DNA-damaging agents
Authors: Richard S. Paules, Cynthia L. Innes, Stella O. Sieber, Rodney E. Shackelford, Alexandra N. Heinloth, Paula B. Deming, Cheryl A. Cistulli, Lee Bennett, Pierre R. Bushel, Cynthia A. Afshari, William K. Kaufmann
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
PD4-3-7: Multicentric phase II trial of Cisplatin plus Etoposide chemotherapy in advanced Large-Cell Neuro Endocrine Carcinoma of the Lung (LCNEC): preliminary results. Study 03-02 from the “Groupe Francais de Pneumo-Cancerologie (GFPC)
Authors: Jacques Le Treut, Marie Christine Sault, Roland Poirier, Henri Berard, Christos Chouaid, Dominique Paillotin, Fabrice Barlesi, Chantal Decroisette, Maurice Perol, Herve Lecaer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Consumer advocate says GMC changes still don't go far enough
Authors: Zosia Kmietovicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Reforms inside the General Medical Council have not gone far enough to win back public support for self regulation among doctors, a consumers' champion said last week.

More still needs to be done to engage patients in understanding how doctors are regulated and how to complain if things go wrong and to help people access the credentials of who is treating them, said Frances Blunden, principal policy adviser at the Consumers' Association.

At a debate funded by the council on regulation in health care Ms Blunden praised the council for the important improvements it has achieved in …
Purification and characterization of a major human Pneumocystis carinii surface antigen.
Authors: B Lundgren, G Y Lipschik, J A Kovacs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies of Pneumocystis carinii have identified the major surface antigen of rat and human isolates as proteins of 116,000 and 95,000 mol wt, respectively, that are antigenically not identical. In this study both rat and human P. carinii proteins were purified by solubilization with zymolyase followed by molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography. The native proteins had an apparent mol wt of 290,000 or greater, based on molecular sieve studies as well as cross-linking studies. Both proteins were glycoproteins; treatment with endoglycosidase H resulted in a 9% decrease in mol wt. The carbohydrate composition of the rat P. carinii glycoprotein was distinct from the human isolate; glucose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine occurred in approximately equimolar ratios in the human P. carinii protein, whereas glucose and mannose were the predominant sugars of the rat P. carinii protein. To evaluate humoral immune responses to the human P. carinii protein, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified protein was developed. Some, but not all, patients who subsequently developed P. carinii pneumonia demonstrated a serum antibody response to the surface antigen. Nearly all subjects without a history of P. carinii pneumonia had no detectable antibodies. Purified P. carinii proteins will greatly facilitate the investigation of host-P. carinii interactions.
Failure to Differentiate Pulmonary Infarction from Pneumonia by Biochemical Tests
Authors: M. E. Schonell, G. K. Crompton, J. M. Forshall, L. G. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Pulmonary infarction needs to be distinguished from several diseases. In its differentiation from myocardial infarction the electrocardiogram is a very helpful investigation, but it can be difficult to distinguish pulmonary infarction from pneumonia. Evidence of either a potential source of embolus or of a recent infection of the respiratory tract may facilitate the diagnosis, and the chest radiograph may sometimes be helpful, but signifi cant numbers of patients remain in whom a clear-cut distinction cannot readily be made on clinical or radiological grounds. Many serum enzyme determinations have been introduced for the investigation of cardiac and hepatic disease?for example, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate amino transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase, etc.?and the possible value of some of these assays for differentiating between pulmonary infarction and pneumonia has been investigated by various workers?for example, Nikkil? (1959), Wacker and Snodgrass (I960), Wacker, Rosenthal, Snodgrass, and Amador (1961), Stevens and Burdette (1964). So far no single biochemical test has been proposed as a reliable means of differentiating between the two conditions, but combinations of tests have been advocated. Nikkil? (1959) tentatively suggested that measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (G.O.T.), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase might prove a helpful triad of investigations, and Wacker and Snodgrass (1960) and Wacker et al. (1961) advocated serial determinations of lactate dehydrogenase (L.D.), G.O.T., and serum bilirubin. In 17 patients diagnosed clinically (12) or at necropsy (5) as having had pulmonary infarction, with or without embolism, L.D. was elevated, whereas G.O.T. remained normal, and in 12 out of the 17 patients serum bilirubin was abnormal at some stage of the illness. Wacker et al. (1961) also applied this combination of tests to seven other patients who subsequently came to necropsy (five with myocardial infarction and two with bacterial pneumonia) ; the patients with myocardial infarction showed abnormal G.O.T. and L.D. values, whereas the patients with pneumonia had normal serum enzyme levels. They therefore proposed that the finding of an elevated L.D. and bilirubin, in association with a normal G.O.T., favoured a diagnosis of pulmonary infarction in patients with a suggestive clinical history. Stevens and Burdette (1964) were unable to confirm the value of the combination of tests advocated by Wacker et al. (1961) ; the only finding consistently observed by Stevens and Burdette (1964) in patients with pulmonary infarction was an elevation of L.D., and they suggested that an elevated L.D. might be a requirement for the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary infarc tion. However, even this single test is probably not uniformly reliable, as Wr?blewski, Ruegsegger, and LaDue (1956) and Kirkeby and Prydz (1959) have reported normal L.D. values in patients with pulmonary infarction.
Evidence of Multiyear Factor IX Expression by AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer to Skeletal Muscle in an Individual with Severe Hemophilia B
Authors: Haiyan Jiang, Glenn F. Pierce, Margareth C. Ozelo, Erich V. de Paula, Joseph A. Vargas, Peter Smith, Jürg Sommer, Alvin Luk, Catherine S. Manno, Katherine A. High, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In a phase I study, administration of an AAV2-FIX vector into the skeletal muscle of eight hemophilia B subjects proved safe and achieved local gene transfer and FIX expression for at least 10 months after vector injection, the last time point assessed by muscle biopsy. In hemophilia B dogs we have demonstrated FIX in both muscle biopsies and circulation >4 years following AAV2-FIX injection. Because circulating FIX levels remained less than 1% of normal in human subjects from the study, the duration of AAV2-mediated transgene expression in humans is unknown. We sought to determine if FIX gene transfer and expression persisted locally at injection sites. Muscle biopsies were obtained from one subject 3.7 years following treatment and revealed transgene FIX DNA and protein by quantitative PCR, DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for FIX. These results demonstrate, for the first time, multiyear FIX expression by AAV2 vector in humans and suggest that improved muscle delivery provides effective treatment for protein deficiencies or muscle-specific diseases.
Creative Healers: A Collection of Essays, Reviews, and Poems from <i>The Pharos</i> 1938-1998
Authors: Judith Overmier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 March 2005Creative Healers: A Collection of Essays, Reviews, and Poems from The Pharos 1938-1998Judith Overmier, PhDJudith Overmier, PhDFrom University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Harris ED Jr., ed. 532 pages. Menlo Park, CA: Alpha Omega Alpha; 2004. $50.00. ISBN 09755090055000. Order at www.alphaomegaalpha.org.Field of medicine: Medical humanities.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: People interested in medical humanities, history of medicine, and medical education.Purpose: To provide a selection of essays, reviews, and poems from 60 years of The Pharos that are still relevant to today's physicians and students.Content: The book is an anthology containing 69 contributions arranged in 13 sections. Section 3, “History of Medicine and the Physicians Who Made History,” is the largest section. Four additional sections include “The Ancients: Egyptians, Greeks, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 2005Volume 142, Issue 6Page: 480KeywordsBioethicsHistory of medicineMedical educationMedical ethicsMedical ethics, humanities, and educationResearch quality assessmentSoftware tools ePublished: 15 March 2005 Issue Published: 15 March 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution 1.5% Reduces Tearing 16 Hours Following Dosing in the Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (CAC) Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: J.I. Williams, E.B. McLaurin, F.K. Kurata, M.B. Abelson, J.A. Gow, T.R. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
House Staff Recruitment to Municipal and Voluntary New York City Residency Programs During the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Roberta B. Ness
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To determine the impact on house staff recruitment of large numbers of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Trends in yearly survey data from the National Resident Matching Program from 1983 to 1990 were examined for residency programs in New York City, NY, where AIDS is epidemic, in the four largest US cities with the fewest AIDS cases, and nationally. Within New York City, trends were compared for residency programs serving large numbers of AIDS patients (high AIDS) and for other programs (low AIDS).Number of matches in each study year as compared with the baseline year of 1983 and the yearly percentage of positions offered that were filled by matches.During the study period, New York City experienced a greater decline in US graduate matches than did the four low-AIDS cities or the nation. Within New York City, recruitment to municipal programs, all with large AIDS patient populations, dropped from 241 to 173 matches (28.2%) despite a 3.6% increase in positions. However, recruitment to both high-AIDS and low-AIDS voluntary programs improved in all years except 1990. After controlling for numbers of offered positions, high-AIDS and low-AIDS voluntary programs again showed similar trends until 1990.These observations cannot be attributed to AIDS alone. Multiple economic and social factors, including AIDS, may have contributed.
P136 Factors Influencing Mortality in IPF Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
Authors: R Frank, B Amies, J Capps, A Duck, CT Leonard, J Holme
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a reduced life expectancy of 2–3 years from diagnosis to death. In the CAPACITY<sup>1</sup> study patients treated with pirfenidone had a slower decline in FVC (evident from 6 months), and showed a trend towards improved mortality. We investigated causes of death and factors influencing mortality in patients who have received pirfenidone on a Named Patient Programme. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively analysed the data from 25 patients with a minimum of 3 months follow-up who were treated with Pirfenidone between August 2011 and June 2012 in a tertiary ILD clinic. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age was 67±8 years and 19 (76%) were male. 8 of the 25 patients treated died. 4 had discontinued pirfenidone prior to death. 4 died due to an IPF exacerbation, 3 due to progressive disease and 1 due to a combination of progressive disease and congestive cardiac failure. Survivors had a greater DLCO % predicted at baseline (49±16 v 30±8; p=0.001) and were heavier (82.8±14.6kg v 71.0±11.2kg; p=0.032). A greater proportion of subjects who died (75%) had severe IPF (DLCO&lt;35% predicted or FVC&lt;50% predicted) compared with those who survived (18%; p=0.014). For survivors compared with those who had died, there was a trend towards greater BMI (28.7±4.4 v 25.4±3.9; p=0.065) and younger age (65±8.2 v 70±4.5; p=0.053). FVC % predicted, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire Scores and the presence of significant co-morbidities at baseline did not predict survival. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In IPF patients who had been treated with pirfenidone, all died of IPF related causes, and those who died weighed less, and had more severe disease with a lower baseline DLCO% predicted. This may help to inform us about the most appropriate patients for whom pirfenidone treatment should be considered. Noble P, Albera C, Bradford W et al, for the CAPACITY Study Group. Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. Lancet 2011; 377: 1760–69.
Elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to poly(L-Tyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) by anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Authors: G Strassmann, R Lifshitz, E Mozes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The in vivo effect of murine anti-idiotypic serum against C3H.SW anti-poly(LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)-(LLys) [(T,G)-A--L] antibodies on delayed type hypersensitivity responses to (T,G)-A--L was studied. Anti-idiotypic serum could challenge DTH responses in C3H.SW mice transferred with antigen-sensitized T cells. The elicitation activity was shown to be antigen and strain specific. With H-2-compatible (but allotype different) strain combinations of (T,G)-A--L-educated T cells and recipients, we were able to show that the biological effect of the anti-idiotypic serum is expressed on the first antigen-sensitized idiotype-positive radioresistant T cell, but not on the proliferating normal cells of recipient origin that participate in the efferent phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to (T,G)-A--L.
Packaging of an AAV vector encoding human acid α-glucosidase for gene therapy in glycogen storage disease type II with a modified hybrid adenovirus-AAV vector
Authors: Baodong Sun, Y.-T Chen, Andrew Bird, Fang Xu, Yang-Xun Hou, Andrea Amalfitano, Dwight D Koeberl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

We have developed an improved method for packaging adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with a replication-defective adenovirus-AAV (Ad-AAV) hybrid virus. The AAV vector encoding human acid α-glucosidase (hGAA) was cloned into an E1, polymerase/preterminal protein-deleted adenovirus, such that it is packaged as an Ad vector. Importantly, the Ad-AAV hybrid cannot replicate during AAV vector packaging in 293 cells, because of deletion of polymerase/preterminal protein. The residual Ad-AAV in the AAV vector stock was reduced to <1 infectious particle per 1010 AAV vector particles. These modifications resulted in ∼30-fold increased packaging of the AAV vector for the hybrid Ad-AAV vector method as compared with standard transfection-only methods. Similarly improved packaging was demonstrated for pseudotyping the AAV vector as AAV6, and for AAV vector packaging with a second Ad-AAV vector encoding canine glucose-6-phosphatase. Liver-targeted delivery of either the Ad-AAV hybrid or AAV vector particles in acid α-glucosidase-knockout (GAA-KO) mice revealed secretion of hGAA with the Ad-AAV vector, and sustained secretion of hGAA with an AAV vector in hGAA-tolerant GAA-KO mice. Further development of hybrid Ad-AAV vectors could offer distinct advantages for gene therapy in glycogen storage diseases.
Pathology of Angina Pectoris
Authors: ZEEV VLODAVER, HENRY N. NEUFELD, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Among the wide variety of causes of angina pectoris, two major categories may be recognized: the anatomic, causing arterial obstruction, and the functional. The anatomic causes may be divided according to anatomic sites as follows: (1) the major coronary arterial trunks and their epicardial branches, (2) the coronary ostia at the aorta, and (3) the intramyocardial "small" arteries. The major coronary arteries are by far the most common sites for anatomic lesions. Atherosclerosis in its various anatomic manifestations is responsible for about 90% of the cases of angina. Commonly, hypertension and, less commonly, valvular disease are associated. The balance of cases of angina result from various states given below. Nonatheromatous diseases of the major coronary arteries include embolism, primary dissecting aneurysm of a coronary artery, arteritis, and anomalous communication of a coronary artery. Coronary ostial narrowing results from various diseases of the aorta including atherosclerosis, saccular and dissecting aneurysm, inflammation, and calcification of the aorta in relation to origin of a coronary artery. Lesions causing obstruction of the intramyocardial arteries are commonly part of systemic diseases such as hematologic, embolic, metabolic, and degenerative. Functional causes of angina pectoris include aortic valvular disease and functionally related conditions, thyroid disease, and pulmonary hypertension.
Freud, Women, and Morality: The Psychology of Good and Evil
Authors: George H. Pollock
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In recent years we have seen an increasing number of questions being asked about the supposedly universal constructs of Darwin, Einstein, Freud, and Marx. The contributions and theories of these outstanding men may not be completely enriching of our under-Standing of humankind and its work; however, the prior impact of these "giants" had and still has great influence and many ramifications. In all probability, their ideas were pivotal in permanently changing our theories and ideas about our origins, our functioning, our society, and our cosmos. But science and experience advance. New questions arise—some are answered by existing theory and explanations, others seem to be unanswered by what we believe—and thus new experiments, new observations, and changes in direction do develop. What continues to be valid, verifiable, and correct remains intact. What requires new paradigms stimulates newer conceptualizations and approaches. Psychoanalysis concentrates on the personality of the individual. Freud in the course of his scientific lifetime changed some of his ideas, models, and formulations. Subsequent psychoanalysts, theoreticians, clinicians, and researchers have explored areas in which he did not venture forth. In recent years, for example, there has been an explosion in our knowledge of development, especially in infants and young
The Antibiotic Pipeline — Challenges, Costs, and Values
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In 1941, Skinner and Keefer vividly chronicled an astonishing 82 percent mortality among 122 consecutive patients who had been treated for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in the preantibiotic era.1 Of the 41 patients older than 50 years of age, only 1 (2 percent) survived. Imagine the elation a few years later over the availability of penicillin, the prototype of a new therapeutic class of drugs (see page 524). In the next few decades, well-intentioned academic leaders predicted the demise of bacterial infections.(Figure)Such irrational exuberance over the sustained benefits of antibiotics should have been tempered by at least two . . .
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN MAN AND ITS VARIATIONS
Authors: G. CANBY ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The measurement of the amount of blood expelled by the human heart defied for many decades the numerous attempts that were made to solve this important problem of physiology. In recent years, however, methods have been developed, so that now exact measurements of the cardiac output can be made. These methods are entering the domain of clinical medicine, and bid fair to furnish important new knowledge of disease and of the action of drugs. The approach to the problem of measuring the output of the heart has of necessity been indirect. The problem has been attacked by a variety of methods, but all of them have been focused on the measurement of the amount of blood that passes through the lungs each minute. As long ago as 1870, the German physiologist Fick<sup>1</sup>laid down a principle by which the measurement of the pulmonary blood flow could be accomplished, and
The Spectrum of Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Children Detected by Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy
Authors: SEYED A. EMAMIAN, EGLAL SHALABY-RANA, MASSOUD MAJD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common site of heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM). Other sites include intestinal duplication and the small bowel proper. Tc-99m pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy is used commonly to detect HGM. This article describes various scintigraphic patterns of HGM and reviews technical aspects of the procedure, with emphasis on pharmacologic enhancement.
Porcine Lactic Dehydrogenase in the Serum of Patients Treated by Extracorporeal Porcine Liver Perfusion
Authors: I. Bersohn, M. C. Kew, M. Rolle, C. J. Mieny, J. A. Myburgh
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Porcine lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H.) has been found in the serum of four patients in hepatic coma treated by extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion. A comparison between the porcine L.D.H. isoenzyme pattern in the patients9 serum and that in porcine serum and liver extract indicates that the porcine L.D.H. is derived from the pig liver. This finding reflects damage to the pig liver cells sustained during porcine hepatectomy and subsequent perfusion. Possibly patients might develop immune reactions against porcine substances when these entered the circulation, especially if perfusion was repeated after an interval of some time.
Education or training: medicine's learning agenda
Authors: Z.-J. Playdon, D. Goodsman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

What are the neural dynamics of choice processes during reinforcement learning? Two largely separate literatures have examined dynamics of reinforcement learning (RL) as a function of experience but assuming a static choice process, or conversely, the dynamics of choice processes in decision making but based on static decision values. Here we show that human choice processes during RL are well described by a drift diffusion model (DDM) of decision making in which the learned trial-by-trial reward values are sequentially sampled, with a choice made when the value signal crosses a decision threshold. Moreover, simultaneous fMRI and EEG recordings revealed that this decision threshold is not fixed across trials but varies as a function of activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and is further modulated by trial-by-trial measures of decision conflict and activity in the dorsomedial frontal cortex (pre-SMA BOLD and mediofrontal theta in EEG). These findings provide converging multimodal evidence for a model in which decision threshold in reward-based tasks is adjusted as a function of communication from pre-SMA to STN when choices differ subtly in reward values, allowing more time to choose the statistically more rewarding option.