tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Norpropoxyphene-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with changes in ion-selectivity and gating of HERG currents
Authors: C Ulens
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Norpropoxyphene (NP) is a major metabolite of propoxyphene (P), a relatively weak μ-opioid receptor agonist. Toxic blood concentrations ranging from 3 to 180 μmol/l have been reported and the accumulation of NP in cardiac tissue leads to naloxone-insensitive cardiotoxicity. Since several lines of evidence suggest that not only block of INa but also IK block may contribute to the non-opioid cardiotoxic effects of P and NP, we investigated the effects of P and NP on HERG channels. HERG presumably encodes IKr, the rapidly-activating delayed rectifier K+ current, which is known to have an important role in initiating repolarization of action potentials in cardiac myocytes. Methods: Using the 2-microelectrode voltage clamp technique we investigated the interaction of P and NP with HERG channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Results: Our experiments show that low drug concentrations (5 μmol/l) facilitate HERG currents, while higher drug concentrations block HERG currents (IC50-values of approx. 40 μmol/l) and dramatically shift the reversal potential to a more positive value because of a 30-fold increased Na+-permeability. P and NP also alter gating of HERG channels by slowing down channel activation and accelerating channel deactivation kinetics. The mutant S631C nullifies the effect of P and NP on the channel's K+-selectivity. Conclusion:P and NP show a complex and unique drug-channel interaction, which includes altering ion-selectivity and gating. Site-directed mutagenesis suggests that an interaction with S631 contributes to the drug-induced disruption of K+-selectivity. No specific role of the minK subunit in the HERG block mechanism could be determined.
Fish Consumption, Dietary Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alice Wallin, Daniela Di Giuseppe, Nicola Orsini, Pinal S. Patel, Nita G. Forouhi, Alicja Wolk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE The evidence on the association between fish consumption, dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids, and risk of type 2 diabetes is inconsistent. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available prospective evidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases through 15 December 2011 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Prospective studies were included if they reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs for the association between fish consumption and/or dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids and incidence of type 2 diabetes. A dose-response random-effects model was used to combine study-specific RRs. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by prespecified stratifications. RESULTS Sixteen studies involving 527,441 participants and 24,082 diabetes cases were included. Considerable statistical heterogeneity in the overall summary estimates was partly explained by geographical differences. For each serving per week increment in fish consumption, the RRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.05 (1.02–1.09), 1.03 (0.96–1.11), and 0.98 (0.97–1.00) combining U.S., European, and Asian/Australian studies, respectively. For each 0.30 g per day increment in long-chain n-3 fatty acids, the corresponding summary estimates were 1.17 (1.09–1.26), 0.98 (0.70–1.37), and 0.90 (0.82–0.98). CONCLUSIONS Results from this meta-analysis indicate differences between geographical regions in observed associations of fish consumption and dietary intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids with risk of type 2 diabetes. In consideration of the heterogeneous results, the relationship warrants further investigation. Meanwhile, current public health recommendations on fish consumption should be upheld unchanged.
Assessment of Outcomes of Hepatitis C Treatment—Reply
Authors: Anita Kohli, Shyam Kottilil
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Childhood Growth and Blood Pressure: Evidence from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Damaskini Valvi, Maribel Casas, Dora Romaguera, Nuria Monfort, Rosa Ventura, David Martinez, Jordi Sunyer, Martine Vrijheid
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Human evidence on the effects of early life phthalate exposure on obesity and cardiovascular disease risks, reported by experimental studies, is limited to a few cross-sectional studies.We evaluated the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood growth and blood pressure in a Spanish birth cohort study.We assessed exposure using the average of two phthalate metabolite spot-urine concentrations collected from the mothers in the first and third pregnancy trimesters (creatinine-adjusted, n = 391). Study outcomes were the difference in age- and sex-specific z-scores for weight between birth and 6 months of age; and repeated age- and sex-specific z-scores for body mass index (BMI) at 1, 4, and 7 years; waist-to-height ratio at 4 and 7 years; and age- and height-specific z-scores for systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 4 and 7 years.The sum of five high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites (ΣHMWPm) was associated with lower weight z-score difference between birth and 6 months (β per doubling of exposure = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.06) and BMI z-scores at later ages in boys (β = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.60, 0.03) and with higher weight z-score difference (β = 0.24; 95% CI: -0.16, 0.65) and BMI z-scores in girls (β = 0.30; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.64) (p for sex interaction = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The sum of three low-molecular-weight phthalates (ΣLMWPm) was not significantly associated with any of the growth outcomes. ΣHMWPm and ΣLMWPm were associated with lower systolic blood pressure z-scores in girls but not in boys.This study suggests that prenatal phthalate exposure may be associated with postnatal growth and blood pressure in a sex-specific manner. Inconsistencies with previous cross-sectional findings highlight the necessity for evaluating phthalate health effects in prospective studies.
Suppression of lipoprotein lipase expression in 3T3-L1 cells by inhibition of adipogenic differentiation through activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Atsuhito Saiki, Nobukiyo Koide, Fusako Watanabe, Takeyoshi Murano, Yoh Miyashita, Kohji Shirai
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Has mortality from melanoma stopped rising in Australia? Analysis of trends between 1931 and 1994
Authors: G. G Giles, B. K Armstrong, R. C Burton, M. P Staples, V. J Thursfield
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Objective : To describe recent trends in mortality from melanoma in Australia. Design : An analysis of trends in age standardised and age and sex specific mortalities by year of death and median year of birth (cohort). Setting : Australia. Subjects : All deaths from melanoma registered in Australia between 1931 and 1994. Results : Melanoma mortality rose steadily from 1931 to 1985. From 1959 the annual rate of increase was 6.3% in men and 2.9% in women, resulting in mortalities of 4.82 and 2.51 per 100000 person years in 1985 and 1989, respectively. Mortalities for both sexes seem to have plateaued from June 1985 onwards. In 1990-4 the rate rose by 3.7% in men to 5.00 per 100000 and in women it fell by 5.2% to 2.38 per 100000. The non-significant increase after 1985 in mortality in men was restricted to those aged over 70 years of age, whereas the fall in rates in women was mostly in those aged under 55 years. This pattern was generally reflected in the state trends, though with some variation: rates for women in Queensland had peaked in the late 1970s; while rates for men in New South Wales continued to rise in 1990-4, placing them above those for Queensland. Examination of mortalities specific for age, period, and cohort for Australia as a whole showed several salient features. Rates in men rose steeply in cohorts born before about 1930; were stable in cohorts born between 1930 and 1950; and fell in more recent cohorts. Rates in women showed similar changes but about five years earlier. Conclusion : Melanoma mortality in Australia peaked in about 1985 and has now plateaued. On the basis of trends in cohorts it can be expected to fall in coming years. #### Key messages
Lifestyle advice in general practice: rates recalled by patients.
Authors: C. Silagy, J. Muir, A. Coulter, M. Thorogood, P. Yudkin, L. Roe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To document how often patients with varying cardiovascular risk levels reported receiving lifestyle advice from general practice. DESIGN--Cross sectional descriptive survey by postal questionnaire. SETTING--5 general practices in Bedfordshire. SUBJECTS--4941 people aged 35-64 years who had consulted a general practitioner at least once during the 12 months before completing the questionnaire and who subsequently attended for a health check as part of the OXCHECK trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Report of having received advice from a general practitioner or practice nurse about smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, or diet during the 12 months before completing the questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk assessed by a nurse during structured health check. RESULTS--The overall reported rate of advice was 27% for smoking, 4.5% for exercise, 12% for diet, and 3% for alcohol consumption. Those with unhealthy behaviour profile or at increased cardiovascular risk received more advice--for example, 47% of smokers with a history of cardiovascular disease received advice on smoking. Among those at increased risk, men were more likely than women to receive advice about exercise (11% v 4%, p = 0.04) and alcohol consumption (10% v 4%, p = 0.007), while women received more advice about weight (17% v 23%, p &lt; 0.001). The rate of receiving advice was unaffected by age, marital status, or social class. CONCLUSION--The low rate of lifestyle advice reported by patients implies that more preventive advice could be provided in primary care.
Two charities challenge company's patent on Plumpy'Nut
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US patent for a peanut based food product that has transformed the treatment of acute malnutrition in Africa has come under challenge by two US not for profit organisations that say they could produce similar products more cheaply.

The California based Mama Cares Foundation and Breedlove Foods in Texas have filed a joint suit in the US District Court in the District of Columbia to try to overturn the patent held by the French company Nutriset.

Nutriset’s Plumpy’Nut, a blend of peanut butter, powdered milk, vegetable oil, and sugar fortified with vitamins and minerals, is said by some experts to have revolutionised aid agencies’ response to malnutrition and become the …
Recent Survey Suggests Many Teens Think Using Marijuana Isn’t Risky
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A44: K-homology splicing regulatory protein modulates tumor suppressor miRNA 29b through the noncanonical Wnt 7a signaling pathway
Authors: Lora A. Wilson, Robert A. Winn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Precedent has established the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in oncogenesis. Several members of the Wnt family are known to be tumor promoting in non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC. In this pathway β-catenin, a downstream component, accumulates and serves as a T-cell transcription/lymphoid enhancer factor. We previously identified the Wnt ligand in the lung, Wnt 7a, as a member of the non-canonical pathway/β-catenin independent pathway, which inhibits transformed cell growth. K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a member of the family of AU rich element binding proteins. It possesses four K-homology motifs and causes decay of specific mRNA transcripts and regulation of miRNA. Wnt 7a positively regulates the expression of KSRP. As a result, KSRP upregulates the processing of miRNA 29b. The miRNA 29b family is comprised of 29a, 29b, and 29c. KSRP and miRNA 29b expression are elevated in nontransformed cells and alternatively, lower levels of expression are in NSCLC. The role of KSRP regulating miRNA 29b in the non-canonical Wnt pathway in the lung has previously been unknown. Over expression of KSRP through upregulation of miRNA 29b in NSCLC cells decreases cell proliferation in MTS assays, a measure of proliferation, as well as reducing colony formation in clonogenic assays. We reveal a novel association of p53 and miRNA 29b. We identified that KSRP increases PPARγ activation which in turn positively modulates miRNA 29b, resulting in upregulation of p53. The antitumorigenic effect is specific to Wnt 7a activation through Erk 5 dependent kinases.
ANALYSIS OF FIBRILLATORY WAVES VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM HELPS TO DIFFERENTIATE PAROXYSMAL, PERSISTENT, AND CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Ira Howard Blau, Chung-Keun Lee, Jung-A Hwang, Kwang Woo Ahn, Hye Jin Hwang, Byung-Il Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
ACID PRODUCTION GRAPHICALLY REGISTERED AS AN INDICATOR OF THE VITAL PROCESSES IN THE CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA
Authors: Albert Fischer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

WE MAY FORMULATE THE RESULTS AS FOLLOWS: 1. Bacillus paratyphosus in lactose-peptone-water causes a fall in the curve. The explanation of this must be left to later investigations. 2. Bacillus paratyphosus in glucose-peptone-water shows at the beginning a rise similar to that produced by coli, but a fall in the curve follows. 3. If Bacillus coli is added to a 24 hour paratyphosus lactose culture a very long latent period is obtained before the formation of acid by coli becomes apparent, presumably due to accumulated basic metabolic products. 4. If Bacillus coli is added to a 24 hour paratyphosus glucose culture the curve is not changed from the normal to any perceptible degree. 5. Bacillus coli communis and Bacillus paratyphosus in lactose in mixed cultures give a longer latent period than coli alone. The first ascending part of the curve is due to acid formation by the coli which in the beginning is dominant. Later paratyphosus dominates and causes an ultimate decline in the curve. 6. Bacillus coli communis and Bacillus paratyphosus in glucose in mixed culture behave like Bacillus paratyphosus in pure culture. The purpose of these investigations has been for the present to show the usefulness of the method. It is hoped that by these investigations material of particular interest relating to the biochemical and physiological processes within the bacterial culture will be obtained.
Total Urinary Catechol Excretion in Cardiovascular and Other Clinical Conditions
Authors: WILHELM RAAB, WILDA GIGEE
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Although colorimetry (method of Shaw) permits neither a differentiation of epinephrine and norepinephrine nor their separation from other catechols, it reveals the total urinary catechol excretion, including those portions which were inactivated in the body. No significant abnormalities were found in arterial hypertension, in congestive heart failure, after myocardial infarction and during emotional stress. Thoracolumbar sympathectomy depressed total catechol excretion temporarily. In renal uremia, the regularly demonstrable elevation of the blood catechols was paralleled by a diminution of the conjugated catechols in the urine. It appears to be due to renal retention.
The transferrin receptor system is not involved in the pathogenesis of hematological disorders with 3q inversion
Authors: Yasunobu Abe, Koichiro Muta, Yuji Yufu, Hiroyuki Takahira, Junji Nishimura, Hajime Nawata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract To clarify the idea that an alteration of the transferrin receptor (TF‐R) gene, localized to 3q26, may be of pathogenetic significance in hematological disorders with 3q anomaly, we studied the TF‐R systems of erythroblasts from both functional and genetic aspects. The patient described here had refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB), with paracentric inversion, inv(3)(q21q26). The patient had the characteristic findings of mi‐ cromegakaryocytosis and thrombocytosis, with giant platelets. There was no functional abnormality of TF‐R as far as number of binding sites, affinity, molecular weight, or recycling kinetics were concerned. Furthermore, we could not recognize any rearrangement of the TF‐R gene with Southern blot analysis. These data suggest that TF‐R is not involved in the pathogenesis of leukemogenesis and thrombocytosis of the disease.
Sodium Bicarbonate in CPR
Authors: Myron L. Weisfeldt, Alan D. Guerci
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Metabolic and respiratory acidosis decreases myocardial contractility and inhibits the cardiovascular response to catecholamines.<sup>1-3</sup>Because of these adverse effects, and because of the relative ease with which the arterial acidemia of cardiac arrest can be reversed with sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate was quickly incorporated into the pharmacopoeia of resuscitation.<sup>4</sup> The study by Kette et al<sup>5</sup>published in this issue ofThe Journalis an important additional piece of evidence against the routine use of sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrest. Their findings are important, but not particularly surprising. In 1974, Mattar et al<sup>6</sup>reported that hyperosmolality occurring as a result of the administration of commercially available preparations of sodium bicarbonate, which contain either 1792 or 2000 mOsm/L, was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death following initially successful resuscitation. The rationale for the use of sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrest is to correct
Amniotic Fluid Lecithin: Sphingomyelin Ratio and Fetal Lung Development
Authors: C. R. Whitfield, W. H. Chan, W. B. Sproule, A. D. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The normal range and trends of the ratio between lecithin and sphingomyelin in the amniotic fluid, estimated on thin-layer chromatograms, have been established for the last trimester. The accuracy of the ratio as an index of fetal lung development and of the risk of neonatal respiratory distress has been confirmed. The usual increase in the ratio towards term was not found in some pregnancies complicated by diabetes or severe rhesus incompatibility. Determination of the ratio may prove a valuable guide in the management of pregnancies with these complications.
Management of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: K. L. Ah-See, J. MacKenzie, g. practitioner, K. W. Ah-See
Journal: BMJ (2012)

#### Summary points

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common medical condition presenting to the primary care physician. The 2012 update of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EP3OS) reported that it may affect between 5% and 15% of the population in Europe and the United States, although high quality epidemiological data is scarce.1A multicentre questionnaire survey of adults in Europe estimated that one in ten participants had CRS but with notable geographic variation.2 Prevalence estimates for nasal polyps are difficult to achieve given the need for nasal endoscopy for a reliable diagnosis—questionnaire data may overestimate the prevalence of nasal polyps.3 

One American study analysing a multiemployer database from 1991 ranked sinusitis as the ninth most costly health condition.4

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed using the search terms “chronic rhinosinusitis”, “rhinosinusitis”, “rhinitis”, “sinusitis”, “chronic disease”, and “nasal polyps”. We also referenced expert position papers such as the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps.1 When possible, we used level I evidence from systematic reviews or randomised controlled trials.

Rhinosinusitis is the appropriate term used to describe the common concurrence of inflammation and infection within the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses.5 The EP3OS taskforce (a group of international experts who appraise and report on the available literature) developed a clinical definition of rhinosinusitis that is based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) group guidelines (box 1).1 …
Learned pain behaviour.
Authors: S P Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Learned pain behaviourPain is a symptom and does not necessarily indicate physical injury.While the relation between acute pain and tissue damage is close, patients with persistent pain who are referred to doctors often describe more pain than appears warranted from any pathological process that is present.These patients are usually described as suffering from psychogenic' or non-organic pain' and may be referred for psychiatric or psychological help.Some have clear evidence of psychiatric illness-in particular depression53-but in others pain may develop or persist independently of any mental illness.How does this occur?