tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Oswald T. Avery, Frank H. Babers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The results of the present study indicate that by means of serological reactions it is possible to differentiate selectively the p-aminophenol glycosides of maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, and lactose. The immunological specificity of disaccharide-protein antigens prepared from these derivatives, irrespective of the nature of the conjoined protein, is determined by (1) the glycoside molecule as a whole, (2) the configuration of the terminal hexose molecule, and (3) the position of linkage of the two hexose units in the carbohydrate radical. The specificity of the antibodies induced by the disaccharide antigens appears to be more sharply defined when the configuration of the terminal hexose is of the ß rather than of the α type.
S7 Nitrofurantoin Lung Toxicity - Are Steroids Useful?
Authors: A. Marshall, H. Bayes, O. Dempsey
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Recurrent urinary tract infections are common and current UK guidelines advocate prophylaxis with nitrofurantoin in selected patients<sup>1</sup>. Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary toxicity (“Nitrofurantoin lung” or NL) is uncommon but can result in progressive respiratory failure. Locally we have observed a rise in NL. Pulmonary toxicity necessitates cessation of nitrofurantoin, however the utility of additional corticosteroid therapy remains controversial<sup>2</sup>. We examined a detailed case series to ascertain the effect of drug cessation alone and addition of oral corticosteroids in NL. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a local Interstitial Lung Disease database, we retrospectively identified patients who had presented with NL between 2009–2013. Patient demographics, imaging, pulmonary function and prescribing data were accessed. Local and national nitrofurantoin prescribing rates were also reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> Scottish prescribing data demonstrated increased community nitrofurantoin prescriptions from 3.4 to 11 items/1000 patients from 2008–2012. Our database identified 13 NL cases (93% female, mean age 74 years, range 63–83). All had a history of chronic cystitis and presented with chronic NL. Cumulative lung function (available in 9 patients) demonstrated a mean improvement in% predicted FVC and FEV<sub>1</sub> of +33 (p = 0.009) and +37 (p = 0.006), respectively, following cessation of nitrofurantoin. 44% of patients were also prescribed oral prednisolone. Comparing these two groups (cessation + steroid vs cessation alone) showed no significant difference in mean% predicted FVC (p = 0.47) or FEV<sub>1</sub> (p = 0.87), gender, age or imaging at diagnosis. Following treatment, there was no significant difference in% predicted FVC (p = 0.87) or FEV<sub>1</sub> (p = 0.93) between groups. The mean% predicted FVC improvement was 31% in the steroid group and 34% in the cessation only group, showing no significant difference between groups (p = 0.86). <h3>Conclusions</h3> With increased nitrofurantoin prescribing, the prevalence of NL will continue to rise throughout the UK and heightened awareness of the condition will be required in primary and secondary care. Our data demonstrates that significant improvements in lung function occur on cessation of nitrofurantoin and suggests no benefit is conferred by additional use of corticosteroid in patients with chronic NL. <h3>References</h3> Management of infection guidance for primary care (2012). http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1279888711402 Mendez <i>et al</i>. Chronic nitrofurantoin-induced lung disease. <i>Mayo Clin Proc </i>2005;80(10):1298-302
Savage challenges Irvine for GMC presidency
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sir Donald Irvine, president of the General Medical Council, is facing an attempt to unseat him, in part over his role in the Bristol heart surgery saga. The high profile obstetrician and gynaecologist Wendy Savage is to stand against Sir Donald for the presidency of the body which regulates British doctors, in an unprecedented challenge to an incumbent president.

Mrs Savage, a senior lecturer at St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, accuses Sir Donald of “a major political error” in embarking on a misconduct …
Abstract 1198: Conversion of triple negative breast cancer cells into HER2 positive cells - a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Christof Bernemann, Carolin Hülsewig, Ludwig Kiesel, Cornelia Liedtke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen-receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PGR) expression as well as absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. This type of breast cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis and significantly reduced survival rate compared to other breast cancer subtypes. This is mostly due to the lack of targeted agents like endocrine or anti HER2 targets. Breast cancers which express HER2 are usually treated by chemicals targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor; either by blocking the extracellular domain of HER2 through trastuzumab or the intracellular domain of HER2 through the small molecule lapatinib. Both therapeutics lead to inhibition of downstream signaling pathways like MAPK and PI3K signaling, resulting in increased apoptosis as well as reduced proliferation. Methods: We hypothesize that downstream effects e.g. reduced proliferation or apoptosis might be induced in triple negative breast cancer cells when HER2 is artificially overexpressed by transfection and cells get treated as HER2 positive cells. Therefore, triple negative breast cancer cell lines were stably transfected with HER2. These cells will be treated with anti-HER2 agents. Molecular analyses will demonstrate whether transfection with HER2 will yield a HER2 positive breast cancer phenotype in that all downstream signaling mechanisms act similarly to a priori HER2 positive cells. Results: Preliminary experiments suggest that proliferation of breast cancer cells transfected with HER2 does not change significantly. Treatment with HER2-specifically blocking antibody trastuzumab leads to significant decrease of proliferation in HER2 transfected, initially triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Only a moderate decrease in proliferation was observed when lapatinib, a small molecule directed against both EGFR and HER2, was used in both MDA-MB-231 wildtype and HER2-transfected cell lines. Additional results will be presented. Conclusion: We surmise that firstly, transdifferentiation of cancer might become a clinical tool to treat cancer of poor prognosis and secondly that our results might shed light on future therapeutic approaches e.g. small molecule compound screening for endogenous HER2 reactivation / overexpression and subsequent targeted treatment of cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1198. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1198
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Presenting Laterally
Authors: Chester Q. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> <b>Midline</b>cystic lesions in the region of the hyoid bone are invariably congenital in origin, arising from a persistent thyroglossal duct, and present little difficulty in differential diagnosis. Laterally placed cystic masses along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle are usually of branchial-cleft origin. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 2-year-old Negro boy was seen because of an enlarging right cervical mass of six months' duration. The patient had experienced no dysphagia or dyspnea and had no cervical infections. The remainder of the history was normal. A 3 × 3-cm cystic mass was palpable anterior to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the hyoid bone. There were no sinus tracts. All laboratory findings were within normal limits. The preoperative diagnosis was branchial-cleft cyst. During dissection of the cystic mass, a median extension was noted to pass posterior to the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. After the
THE CARBOHYDRATE TREATMENT IN DIABETES
Authors: HERMANN STRAUSS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The meaning of the carbohydrate treatment in the modern sense is the use of one sort of carbohydrates in nutrition, excluding other sorts, with the aim of diminishing glycosuria and of strengthening tolerance. The other (non-carbohydrate) articles of diet may be varied from time to time, but, as it is desirable to reduce the quantity of protein, meat is not given and only a small quantity of albumin.  This treatment is by no means new. There was a time when it was considered necessary to replace the sugar lost in the urine of diabetic patients; for instance, Piorry and Bouchardat record the experiments of French and English physicians who tried to treat diabetes with great doses of cane-sugar. As far back as fifty years ago, Donkin recommended his diabetic patients to live entirely on donkey's milk for a long period and since then the milk treatment has played a certain
Initial Experience with a New, Partially Covered Wallstent for Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Authors: P. Born, H. Neuhaus, T. Rösch, R. Ott, H. Allescher, E. Frimberger, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Metal biliary stents have been shown to be superior to plastic stents with regard to patency and the risk of dislocation. However, tumor ingrowth through the mesh continues to be a significant problem. We report here on our preliminary experience with covered metal stents.
THE STATUS OF THE SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY, AT THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, AT NEW ORLEANS, MAY 5-8, 1903.
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The By-laws of the American Medical Association provide that the chairman of each section shall present "an addressn recent advances in the branches belonging to his Section, including such suggestions in regard to improvements or methods of work as he may deem important." This defines the character and limits the scope of his address and is, no doubt, a wise provision. Certain departures from the letter of the law are, I infer, permissible and, in pursuance of this belief, I shall digres sufficiently to welcome you all most heartily to this session of the Section, also to offer you my sincere thanks for the splendid manner in which you have supported the officers of the Section in their endeavor to present a program full to overflowing of valuable papers. Some years ago Dr. Casey A. Wood, acting under Section 3 of the Constitution, which empowers officers of Sections to invite
Fasting lipids and anticardiolipin antibodies as risk factors for vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A J MacGregor, V B Dhillon, A Binder, C A Forte, B C Knight, D J Betteridge, D A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Fasting cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein AI, and apoprotein B were measured in 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus to assess the risk factors for vascular disease. The relation between the lipid profile, steroid treatment, the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies, and the prevalence of vascular disease was examined. Raised concentrations of triglyceride and apoprotein B were seen in those patients treated with more than the equivalent of 10 mg prednisolone a day in the six months before testing. An increase in vascular disease was found only in the subgroup of patients with increased triglycerides who also expressed anticardiolipin antibodies. This study confirms the association between treatment with high doses of steroids in lupus and the development of an atherogenic plasma lipid profile. The presence of anticardiolipin antibodies compounds the risk of developing vascular disease.
Effect of milk on patients with duodenal ulcers.
Authors: N Kumar, A Kumar, S L Broor, J O Vij, B S Anand
Journal: BMJ (1986)

well controlled with topical agents until four days earlier, when he had purchased a 1 kg packet of Dead Sea Mineral Salts, which he added to his bathwater.Within two days he had become generally unwell and his psoriasis erythrodermic.He required admission to hospital and treatment with methotrexate and ord retinoids.His psoriasis remained well controlled until two years later, when it was noted to be once again inflamed and unstable; on direct questioning he admitted that he had recently again tried the Dead Sea Mineral Salts, though on this occasion he had used only about 250 g per bath.The stated ingredients of the preparation used (Dead Sea Health Products, Kibbutz Ein Gedi MP, Dead Sea, Israel) included potassium chloride 22-28%.magnesium chloride 30-34%, bromides 0-2-0-4%, and sulphates 0-1-0-2%.Case 3-A 22 year old woman with lifelong mild topic eczema visited a naturopath, not medically qualified, who recommended an injection of a homoeopathic remedy, Nat Mur 200.Within 12 hours she was in an acute erythrodermic state, requiring intensive medical treatment.The mechanism of this reaction was obscure, since homoeopathic remedies are not normally administered by injection and are usually in such a highly diluted form as to contain no measurable quantity of the original ingredients.
Amiodarone
Authors: James J. Heger, Eric N. Prystowsky, Warren M. Jackman, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Kathleen A. Warfel, Robert L. Rinkenberger, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Amiodarone — Clinical Efficacy and Electrophysiology during Long-Term Therapy for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation
The acquisition of tolerance toward cow's milk through probiotic supplementation: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Jeroen Hol, Eduard H.G. van Leer, Beatrix E.E. Elink Schuurman, Lilian F. de Ruiter, Janneke N. Samsom, Wim Hop, Herman J. Neijens, Johan C. de Jongste, Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Comparison of 3 Tfr2-deficient murine models suggests distinct functions for Tfr2-α and Tfr2-β isoforms in different tissues
Authors: Antonella Roetto, Ferdinando Di Cunto, Rosa Maria Pellegrino, Emilio Hirsch, Ornella Azzolino, Alessandro Bondi, Ilaria Defilippi, Sonia Carturan, Barbara Miniscalco, Fulvio Riondato, Daniela Cilloni, Lorenzo Silengo, Fiorella Altruda, Clara Camaschella, Giuseppe Saglio
Journal: Blood (2010)
Class 5 Transmembrane Semaphorins Control Selective Mammalian Retinal Lamination and Function
Authors: Ryota L. Matsuoka, Onanong Chivatakarn, Tudor C. Badea, Ivy S. Samuels, Hugh Cahill, Kei-ichi Katayama, Sumit R. Kumar, Fumikazu Suto, Alain Chédotal, Neal S. Peachey, Jeremy Nathans, Yutaka Yoshida, Roman J. Giger, Alex L. Kolodkin
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blocker Restores Podocyte Potential to Promote Glomerular Endothelial Cell Growth
Authors: Xiu-Bin Liang, Li-Jun Ma, Takashi Naito, Yihan Wang, Michael Madaio, Roy Zent, Ambra Pozzi, Agnes B. Fogo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Both podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells (GEN) are postulated to play important roles in the progression and potential regression of glomerulosclerosis. Inhibition of angiotensin is crucial in treatment of chronic kidney disease, presumably via effects on BP and extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate how angiotensin inhibition altered the interactions between podocytes and GEN. The effects of supernatants from primary cultured mouse podocytes, before or after sublethal injury by puromycin aminonucleoside, in the presence or absence of angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), on GEN sprouting and growth were assessed. Supernatant from normal podocytes significantly increased GEN sprouting, whereas puromycin aminonucleoside-injured podocyte supernatant decreased these GEN responses. These effects were linked to decreased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) protein from injured podocytes. This downregulation of VEGF-A and Ang-1 protein was reversed when injured podocytes were treated with ARB. Inhibition of VEGF-A or Ang-1 prevented this restored response by ARB. Activation of intracellular kinases (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and AKT) was suppressed in GEN that were treated with medium from injured podocytes but restored by medium from ARB-treated injured podocytes. Therefore, injured podocytes are ineffective in promoting GEN sprouting, and this effect is reversed by ARB treatment of the injured podocyte. These data support the idea that ARB effects on podocytes may mediate capillary remodeling in vivo.
TEN-YEAR RESULTS OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION WITH AZATHIOPRINE AND PREDNISOLONE AS ONLY IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: MaryG. Mcgeown, R.A. Donaldson, J.A. Kennedy, J.F. Douglas, ClaireM. Hill, W.G.G. Loughridge, D. Middleton
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Ultrastructural and functional abnormalities of intestinal and renal epithelium in the SHR
Authors: Tilman Drüeke, Uta Hennessen, Bernadette Nabarra, Leila Ben Nasr, Philip A. Lucas, Patricia Dang, Monique Thomasset, Bernard Lacour, Evelyne Coudrier, David A. McCarron, with the technical assistance of P. Duchambon, L. Berthet, I. Andrianarison, T. Sacksick, M. Eb
Journal: Kidney International (1990)
The Value of Autofluorescence Bronchoscopy Combined with White Light Bronchoscopy Compared with White Light Alone in the Diagnosis of Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Invasive Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiayuan Sun, David H. Garfield, Bing Lam, Jingjing Yan, Aiqin Gu, Jie Shen, Baohui Han
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Epicardial Fat Sign in the Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Edward W. Carsky
Journal: JAMA (1980)

PERICARDIAL effusion is most often present in patients with uremia, viral pericarditis, and malignant neoplasms. It is also observed in many other conditions, including Dressler's syndrome, myxedema, collagen vascular diseases, congestive heart failure, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, and bacterial and tuberculous pericarditis. Echocardiography is the method of choice for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. This technique is highly accurate and reliable, but it is not used in all patients because frequently pericardial effusion is not clinically suspected. However, most patients with pericardial disease have plain chest roentgenograms, and in some of these the "water bottle" configuration of the heart leads to the proper diagnosis. The authors have found the epicardial fat sign to be useful in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in patients in whom this condition is clinically not suspected and in whom the chest films show a normal heart configuration (Fig 1). The epicardial fat sign as an aid in
Over-the-scope clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection after incomplete resection of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Peter Klare, Reinhard Burlefinger, Bruno Neu, Monther Bajbouj, Katja Specht, Roland Schmid, Stefan von Delius
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors of the colorectum has increased during recent years [1]. Because small lesions usually cause no symptoms and resemble colonic polyps or other entities, the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor is often made by pathologic evaluation after endoscopic resection [2].
Sensitivity to Change and Predictive Validity of the MOODS-SR Questionnaire, Last-Month Version
Authors: Mario Miniati, Paola Rucci, Ellen Frank, Annalisa Oppo, David J. Kupfer, Andrea Fagiolini, Giovanni B. Cassano
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Instruments that are intended to measure change over time need to emphasize sensitivity to change as a central property. The aims of this report are to test whether the MOODS-SR, a measure of mood spectrum symptomatology, is sensitive to changes during acute and continuation treatment of depression and whether residual mood spectrum symptoms predict relapse in the subsequent 6 months. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The study sample includes 316 patients with nonpsychotic depression participating in the protocol ‘Depression: the search for treatment-relevant phenotypes’. Patients were initially randomized to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or interpersonal psychotherapy and then treated for 9 months using an algorithm-based protocol. Measures of mood symptomatology included the self-report version of the structured clinical interview for mood spectrum (MOODS-SR), the Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Repeated-measures ANOVA indicates that during the acute phase MOODS scores decrease significantly from baseline to weeks 6 and 12. This decrease was significantly different (p &lt; 0.001) between those who remitted and those who did not remit on the depressive, the rhythmicity component and the total score. Nonrelapsing subjects had stable scores across the continuation phase, while among relapsing subjects, a significant increase was found in the depressive component (p &lt; 0.001), the rhythmicity component (p = 0.024) and the total score (p &lt; 0.001), at 2 months, followed by a decrease from 2 to 6 months. Scores on the depressive component at the entry into continuation predicted relapse in the subsequent 6 months. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our findings suggest that the MOODS-SR is sensitive to change in depression status and may help the clinician to detect symptoms and signs not considered by established symptom severity scales.
Loss of interstitial cells and a fibromuscular layer on the luminal side of the colonic circular muscle presenting as megacolon in an adult patient
Authors: M S Faussone-Pellegrini, P Fociani, R Buffa, G Basilisco
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Animal studies have shown that the neuromuscular structures on the luminal side of the colonic circular muscle coordinate circular muscle activity. These structures have been identified by electron microscopy in the normal human colon, but have never been thoroughly studied in patients with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis. <h3>AIMS</h3> To perform histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of the colon of a patient with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis presenting as megacolon. <h3>PATIENT</h3> A 32 year old man with a one year history of constipation and abdominal distention, a massively dilated ascending and transverse colon, and a normal calibre rectum and descending and sigmoid colon. He had a high titre of circulating serum anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies. <h3>METHODS</h3> Histology, immunocytochemistry (for neurofilaments, neurone specific enolase, synaptophysin, glial fibrillar acidic protein, S100 protein, and smooth muscle α-actin), and electron microscopic examinations on the resected colon. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The number of ganglion cells and nerve trunks was decreased throughout the colon. Disruption of the neural network and a loss of interstitial cells of Cajal were observed on the luminal side of the circular muscle; in their place, the non-dilated colon contained a hypertrophic fibromuscular layer. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Striking architectural alterations occurred at the site regarded as the source of the coordination of colonic circular muscle activity in an adult patient with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis presenting as megacolon.