tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Martin Edward Meakin Herford
Authors: C. Herford
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Occupational health doctor who studied the transition of young people from school to industry






Martin Herford's life was informed by his Quaker beliefs. After qualifying he went to work with children suffering from starvation as a result of the Spanish civil war. Later he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and served in Greece, north Africa, and Sicily. In the final year of the second world war, while commanding a field ambulance, he was taken prisoner after crossing the Rhine to treat wounded airborne troops who had landed behind enemy lines. He negotiated to establish a British military hospital in an old barracks near Arnhem. After the serious cases had been evacuated, he escaped by swimming the Rhine to bring the names of all the wounded British to the allies. He went on to organise medical services at Belsen.


After the war he studied occupational medicine in the United States. On his return he worked as an appointed factory doctor in Slough. He studied both the physical and psychological aspects of school leavers starting work in a factory and realised how little effort was made to enable them to choose work appropriate to their intelligence and talents. Martin described his pioneering approach to the transition of young people from school to industry in his book Youth at Work in 1957.

Predeceased by his wife, Mary, he leaves three daughters and nine grandchildren.

Martin Edward Meakin Herford, former appointed factory doctor Slough (b Geneva 1909; q Bristol 1937; DSO, MBE, MC, MD, DPH), d 14 July 2002.
Early Detection of Undiagnosed Non—Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Maureen I. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Diabetes mellitus has emerged during the past decade as an important clinical and public health problem in the United States.<sup>1</sup>It is now the leading cause of blindness, the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and the leading cause of lower-extremity amputations. In addition, people with diabetes have rates of coronary heart disease and stroke that are 2 to 5 times those of people who do not have diabetes. Medical care for diabetic patients has been estimated to cost $100 billion per year, accounting for 15% of all health care costs in the United States and 25% of all Medicare costs. See also p 1246. About 8 million adults in the United States have been diagnosed as having diabetes, approximately 90% to 95% of whom have non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The prevalence of known cases of diabetes is 6% to 7% for people aged 45 to 64 years and
Epidemiological, clinical and viral characteristics of fatal cases of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Shelan Liu, Jimin Sun, Jian Cai, Ziping Miao, Miaogui Lu, Shuwen Qin, Xiaoxiao Wang, Huakun Lv, Zhao Yu, Said Amer, Chengliang Chai
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Internet-Based Guided Self-Help versus Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kristine Jasper, Cornelia Weise, Isabell Conrad, Gerhard Andersson, Wolfgang Hiller, Maria Kleinstäuber
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of conventional face-to-face group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) and an Internet-delivered guided self-help treatment (Internet-based CBT, ICBT) on tinnitus distress. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 128 adults with at least mild levels of chronic tinnitus distress were randomly assigned to GCBT (n = 43), ICBT (n = 41), or a web-based discussion forum (DF) that served as a control condition (n = 44). Standardized self-report measures [the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Mini-Tinnitus Questionnaire (Mini-TQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index and Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire] were completed at the pre- and post-assessments and at the 6-month follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed significant time × group interaction effects on the primary outcomes (THI and Mini-TQ scores) in favor of both CBT interventions compared with the DF at post-assessment (0.56 ≤ g ≤ 0.93; all p ≤ 0.001). There were no significant differences between GCBT and ICBT (all p &gt; 0.05) and the treatment effects remained stable at the 6-month follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study provides evidence that ICBT might be an equally effective alternative to conventional CBT in the management of chronic tinnitus. Despite encouraging results, further research is necessary to determine the actual potential of ICBT as a viable alternative to CBT, and under which circumstances it is effective.
Resveratrol Prevents High Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Central Arterial Wall Inflammation and Stiffening in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Julie A. Mattison, Mingyi Wang, Michel Bernier, Jing Zhang, Sung-Soo Park, Stuart Maudsley, Steven S. An, Lakshmi Santhanam, Bronwen Martin, Shakeela Faulkner, Christopher Morrell, Joseph A. Baur, Leonid Peshkin, Danuta Sosnowska, Anna Csiszar, Richard L. Herbert, Edward M. Tilmont, Zoltan Ungvari, Kevin J. Pearson, Edward G. Lakatta, Rafael de Cabo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Bronchoscopic findings in a case of bronchopulmonary histoplasmosis.
Authors: B Kneale, C Turton
Journal: Thorax (1995)

At bronchoscopic examination extensive areas of fibrinous slough covering bronchial mucosal inflammation and ulceration were seen in a case of progressive diffuse bronchopulmonary histoplasmosis. Rigid bronchoscopy was needed to obtain sufficient biopsy material for specific histological diagnosis.
Obesity: a preventable risk factor for large joint osteoarthritis which may act through biomechanical factors
Authors: A Powell, A J Teichtahl, A E Wluka, F M Cicuttini
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of joints. The major clinical features are pain and stiffness, leading to a decline in physical function, which may ultimately require joint replacement surgery. As no cure exists, current medical intervention focuses on symptomatic relief. Moreover, as no cure is imminent, preventable risk factors for the onset and progression of the disease are of great interest. Obesity is the main preventable risk factor that has been identified. Given that obesity is modifiable by conservative treatment such as weight loss, its potential importance in reducing the incidence of OA cannot be underestimated.
Heritability, Linkage, and Genetic Associations of Exercise Treadmill Test Responses
Authors: Erik Ingelsson, Martin G. Larson, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Xiaoyan Yin, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Jared A. Drake, Stacey L. Musone, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Emelia J. Benjamin, Daniel Levy, Larry D. Atwood, Thomas J. Wang, Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate responses to exercise treadmill testing predict incidence of cardiovascular disease, but the genetic determinants of hemodynamic and chronotropic responses to exercise are largely unknown.We assessed systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate during the second stage of the Bruce protocol and at the third minute of recovery in 2982 Framingham Offspring participants (mean age 43 years; 53% women). With use of residuals from multivariable models adjusted for clinical correlates of exercise treadmill testing responses, we estimated the heritability (variance-components methods), genetic linkage (multipoint quantitative trait analyses), and association with 235 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 14 candidate genes selected a priori from neurohormonal pathways for their potential role in exercise treadmill testing responses. Heritability estimates for heart rate during exercise and during recovery were 0.32 and 0.34, respectively. Heritability estimates for BP variables during exercise were 0.25 and 0.26 (systolic and diastolic BP) and during recovery, 0.16 and 0.13 (systolic and diastolic BP), respectively. Suggestive linkage was found for systolic BP during recovery from exercise (locus 1q43-44, log-of-the-odds score 2.59) and diastolic BP during recovery from exercise (locus 4p15.3, log-of-the-odds score 2.37). Among 235 single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested for association with exercise treadmill testing responses, the minimum nominal probability value was 0.003, which was nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple testing.Hemodynamic and chronotropic responses to exercise are heritable and demonstrate suggestive linkage to select loci. Genetic mapping with newer approaches such as genome-wide association may yield novel insights into the physiological responses to exercise.
Recent Advances in Rheumatology
Authors: J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The second volume of this work, like the first, is a collection of unrelated monographs by different authors on topics which the editors judge to be of particular current interst in the study and practice of rheumatic diseases.Dr Paul Dieppe gives an excellent review of crystals and their identification.Their established role in crystal synovitis is contrasted with the more conjectural part they have to play in osteoarthritis.Dr Hamilton Hall, a Canadian orthopaedic surgeon, describes the current techniques for the investigation, assessment, and treat- ment of low back pain and he quite rightly warns us of the limitations of such procedures as the CT scan and thermography.Dr J. P. Famey gives an account of enkephalins and endorphins.As he says, many questions remain to be answered about the application of these new discoveries to rheumatology, but his chapter is useful for those of us who are not abreast of the extensive literature on the subject, with 147 references.The chapter on dermatological manifestations of connective tissue disease by Professor MacKie, Dr Nelson, and Dr D. C. Dick suffers from a complete absence of illustrations and by its necessary incompleteness.Some of the statements in this chapter may be questioned, such as the opinion that systemic corticosteroids have no specific effect on the rash of Still's disease.Professor Peter Beighton gives an all too brief review of geographic variation in joint disorders.Dr Jane Schaller's chapter on the arthritides of childhood is admirable, although childhood arthritis (rather rare) and its classification are described by various authors in textbooks and numerous other recent publications, so that the editors might well have chosen another subject in its place.(Incidentally, why have rheumatological paediatricians introduced the ugly word 'pauciarticular' in place of 'oligoarticular' which we have all used happily for years?If they don't like Greek-Latin hybrids they should be consistent and chartge 'monoarticular' to 'uniarticular' and 'polyarticular' to 'multiarticular').The Ebringer brothers summarise their controversial ideas on cross-reactivity between the B27 gene and klebsiella.Dr Heather M. Dick writes on HLA and seronegative arthropathies-a good review, although again many of her readers will by now be reasonably familiar with what she has to say, and rather more emphasis on recent work relating for example to rheumatoid arthritis and drug toxicity would have been interesting.It will be seen that the whole book savours refreshingly of clinical medicine, and all the contributions will be read with interest by rheumatologists.They are fully referenced and indexed.
Empyema Thoracis and Lung Abscess Caused by Viridans Streptococci
Authors: JIH-SHUIN JERNG, PO-REN HSUEH, LEE-JENE TENG, LI-NA LEE, PAN-CHYR YANG, KWEN-TAY LUH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We retrospectively studied the bacteriology and clinical features of empyema thoracis and lung abscess caused by viridans streptococci in 72 patients seen from January 1984 to September 1996. A total of 76 strains of viridans streptococci were isolated, of which the most common isolates were Streptococcus constellatus (21 strains), S. intermedius (17), and S. sanguis (10). Species belonging to the S. milleri group accounted for the majority (68%) of isolates. In 38 (53%) patients these organisms were recognized as the sole pathogens. Of the 72 patients, 53 had empyema, 14 had lung abscesses, and five had both empyema and lung abscess. Forty-six (64%) patients had underlying diseases. Of these, malignancies were the most common (17 patients), followed by diabetes mellitus (12 patients) and central nervous system diseases (10 patients). Of the 48 patients who underwent chest-tube drainage, 27 (56%) received further treatments, including intrapleural streptokinase (18 cases), surgery (9), and both intrapleural streptokinase and surgery (3). Two (14%) of the patients with lung abscess alone underwent surgical treatment. Although all viridans streptococcal isolates were susceptible to penicillin, the patients in the study had a high mortality (21%). Univariate and multivariate analysis of data for patients with empyema alone (n = 53) showed a significantly increased risk of death in those with underlying malignancy (OR = 16.0, p = 0.023) and those with non-S. milleri-group isolates (OR = 3.72, p = 0.030). These data imply a strong clinical significance of viridans streptococci in the pathogenesis of empyema and lung abscess, as well as the need for species identification of viridans streptococci in patients with pleuropulmonary diseases.
Abstract 11: Asymmetric division via nonrandom chromosomal cosegregation potentially defines a novel class of universal cancer stem cells
Authors: Hong-Wu Xin, Danielle M. Hari, Kshama R. Jaiswal, Bo-Kyu Kim, Satyajit Ray, Tomotake Koizumi, Gordon W. Wiegand, Seth M. Steinberg, Susan H. Garfield, Jesper B. Andersen, Valentina M. Factor, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Itzhak Avital
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be responsible for cancer initiation, maintenance, and therapeutic failure. A hallmark of stem cells is self-renewal via asymmetric cell division (ACD) into daughter stem cells and cells predestined for differentiation. In addition, recent reports questioned the ability of the gold standard for testing CSC (xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice) to truly detect and test CSC. The aim of this study was to demonstrate fundamental stem cell's traits such as ACD with non-random-chromosomal cosegregation (ACD-NRCC) in cancers. Here, we show that a unique self-renewal mechanism i.e. ACD-NRCC occurs in various human cancers using DNA double labeling and confocal microscopy. ACD-NRCC was found exclusively in a subpopulation of CSC (side population and CD133+ cells) and not in the non-cancer-stem-cells fractions. Cells that demonstrated ACD-NRCC also exhibited superior tumor initiation capacity in nude mice (p=0.028). Furthermore, we found that the niche provided by the non-stem cancer cells directly regulates self-renewal via ACD-NRCC. This regulation is dependent on a potentially novel heat sensitive soluble factor (Self Renewal Factor, SRF). Gene expression microarray data showed down-regulation of genes associated with ACD in tested cancers. Detection of ACD-NRCC in various human cancers provides direct evidence for the existence of cancer cells with unique stem cells traits. This is the first report to demonstrate the fundamental stem cells trait of ACD-NRCC in human cancer. Detection of cells capable of undergoing ACD-NRCC in various cancers potentially defines a novel class of CSC with superior tumor initiating capacity. Using ACD-NRCC, we propose a universal method for testing, isolating and targeting CSC. The gene expression microarray data suggested that faulty mechanisms of ACD-NRCC might result in stem cells derived cancers. Further purification of the niche's self-renewal-signals and utilizing our methodology for isolation of CSC have far reaching implications in regenerative medicine, cancer genetics and potential novel cancer therapeutics targeting CSC via ACD-NRCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 11.
Clinical significance of concomitant hepatitis C infection in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Tse-Ling Fong, Gary C. Kanel, Andrew Conrad, Boontar Valinluck, Francine Charboneau, Rodney H. Adkins
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The significance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease is unclear. Prior studies have utilized the first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is limited by problems with sensitivity and specificity. Hepatitis C virus infection in 137 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver disease was assessed with second-generation hepatitis C virus antibody assays and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the serum. The patients were categorized into three groups according to results of serological testing. Discriminant-function analysis was used to determine which factors (risk, biochemical and histological) could best differentiate the three groups. Thirty-three patients were reactive on secondgeneration enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay and RNA positive (group 1). Twelve were reactive on second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay but RNA negative (group 2). Eighty-six were nonreactive on second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and six were reactive on second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but negative on second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay and negative for hepatitis C virus RNA (group 3). Seventy-six percent of patients in group 1 and 58 in group 2 had parenteral risk factors, compared with only 1 in group 3 (p &lt; 0.00001). The mean ALT level was higher in group 1 patients (p &lt; 0.05). The mean histologic activity index was significantly higher in group 1 (p = 0.0007). Periportal and bridging necrosis and portal inflammation were significantly increased in group 1 (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.002, respectively). We found no significant difference in intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis or fibrosis among the three groups. The histological and biochemical features of groups 2 and 3 were similar. Most patients with alcoholic liver disease with concomitant hepatitis C infection have an identifiable parenteral risk factor. Patients with viremia have histological evidence of chronic hepatitis superimposed on alcoholic liver disease. The histological features of hepatitis C virus antibody-reactive patients without viremia resemble those of patients without serological evidence of hepatitis C virus infection. (Hepatology 1994;19:554-557).
Concentration of Antibacterial Agents in Interstitial Tissue Fluid
Authors: G. D. Chisholm, P. M. Waterworth, J. S. Calnan, L. P. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The concentration of antibacterial agents in the interstitial tissue fluid has been studied in an experimental model using implanted perforated Silastic capsules (tissue cages). Tissue fluid concentrations were always lower than the initial peak concentration in the serum, but for those drugs that were more slowly excreted the tissue fluid was similar to the serum concentration after six hours. In contrast the concentration in the tissue fluid for those drugs that are excreted rapidly was unpredictable, being either negligible or maintained at concentrations significantly better than in the serum. There was no evidence of accumulation in tissue fluid with regular dosage. These results indicate that the tissues may never be exposed to an adequate concentration of some antibacterial agents. This may be of clinical importance in tissue infections. Antibiotics which are rapidly excreted should be given in large enough doses and often enough for adequate blood levels to be maintained, so allowing equilibrium with tissue fluid to be achieved.
Pharmacokinetics of topical hydrocortisone at plasma level after applications once or twice daily in patients with widespread dermatitis
Authors: K. AALTO-KORTE, M. TURPEINEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was measured by determining plasma cortisol during dexamethasone suppression in 26 patients with widespread atopic dermatitis. The first and second days of treatment with applications of 1% hydrocortisone cream twice daily were studied separately in two groups of six patients. Plasma cortisol levels rose after the first two applications, reaching a maximum in 24 h. The levels then began to fall, indicating possible restoration of the skin barrier. In two other groups of seven patients, the second application was made with a cream base alone. Two types of cream base were studied, one with 60% water and the other with 30% water. With the base containing 30% water, a brief increment was seen after 2 h. On the basis of this pharmacokinetic study, treatment of acute dermatitis could be intensified by applying hydrocortisone cream twice a day on the first day, but from the second day onward one application a day seems to be sufficient.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: S. G. Longworth
Journal: BMJ (1911)

BLOOD PRESSURE IN MENTAL DISORDERS, [JUNE Io, I9II, (dilatation) of the right heart (from mitral disease) the aortic diastolic murmur was loudly and plainly con- ductedcdown and outside the right edgeof the sternum; the conduction might be to the apex as wel], but that to the right of the sternum was very marked.Mention has been made above of the appearance of mitral regurgitant murmurs in the course of heart disease which began as aortic, and in which the mitral affection may fairly be inferred to be secondary to it.No relief appeared to be thereby afforded to the cardiac disorder.SUMMARY.Males.Females.Total.Aortio regurgitation purely ... 2 4 6 Aortic regurgitation, with aortic systolio murmur ... 4 5 9 Aortio regurgitation, with mitral regurgitation .. .. .. 5 4 9 Aortic regurgitation, with mitral stenosis only ... .. ... ?1 0 ?1
Nervous Mechanisms in Ventricular Arrhythmias Induced by Calcium Chloride in Rats
Authors: MANUEL RENÉ MALINOW, FERNANDO F. BATLLE, BERNARDO MALAMUD
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The ventricular arrhythmias induced in rats by standardized doses of calcium chloride are largely prevented by sympatholytic and autonomic blocking drugs, by encephalic and/or upper spinal destruction and by medullospinal section. They are not prevented by bilateral vagotomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, or by lower spinal destruction.
There must be more to development of mindreading and metacognition than passing false belief tasks
Authors: Mikolaj Hernik, Pasco Fearon, Peter Fonagy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We argue that while it is a valuable contribution, Carruthers' model may be too restrictive to elaborate our understanding of the development of mindreading and metacognition, or to enrich our knowledge of individual differences and psychopathology. To illustrate, we describe pertinent examples where there may be a critical interplay between primitive social-cognitive processes and emerging self-attributions.