tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Leaf of Calligraphy&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Medusa and the Snail
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We've never been so self-conscious about our selves as we seem to be these days. The popular magazines are filled with advice on things to do with a self: how to find it, identify it, nurture it, protect it, even, for special occasions, weekends, how to lose it transiently. There are instructive books, best sellers on self-realization, self-help, self-development. Groups of self-respecting people pay large fees for three-day sessions together, learning self-awareness. Self-enlightenment can be taught in college electives.You'd think, to read about it, that we'd only just now discovered selves. Having long suspected that there was something alive . . .
A diagnostic approach to hyperferritinemia with a non-elevated transferrin saturation
Authors: Paul C. Adams, James C. Barton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Elevated serum ferritin concentrations are common in clinical practice. In this review, we provide an approach to interpreting the serum ferritin elevation in relationship to other clinical parameters including the patient history, transferrin saturation, serum concentrations of alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), testing for HFE mutations, liver imaging, liver biopsy, and liver iron concentration. We used observations from a large series of patients with hepatic iron overload documented by liver iron concentration measurement from two referral practices as a gold standard to guide the interpretation of the predictive values of non-invasive iron tests. Three case studies illustrate common problems in interpreting iron blood tests.
Buccal mucosa immunofluorescence in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: P. V. HARRISON, D. G. SCOTT, I. COBDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The buccal mucosa in both coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis behaves in the same manner as the skin with regard to immunofluorescence. The simple technique of buccal punch biopsy can be used to give further confirmation of the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis and, especially in patients with an equivocal diagnosis, may prove easier than carrying out repeated skin biopsies.
88. Driving shRNA Transcription from PolII Promoters in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Jeffery C. Giering, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The use of RNA interference (RNAi) for sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing has demonstrated clear therapeutic potential, especially as treatment for viral infection. However, current systems driving shRNA expression from ubiquitous promoters, such as U6 and H1, increase the threat of off-target effects by inducing RNAi in uninfected tissues. A much wider array of polII promoters offers greater control over expression, including tissue specificity and regulation. Relatively little is known about how to achieve optimized expression of functional shRNAs. Some suggested parameters include nucleotide modifications at the 5|[prime]| and 3|[prime]| positions, RNA length, and structure of the overhangs required for robust activity. Using these as guidelines, we developed constructs that effectively induce RNAi in mammalian cells by shRNAs expressed from mammalian polII promoters.The various constructs evaluated utilized either the human ubiquitin C promoter (hUbC) for ubiquitous expression or a fusion promoter containing the apolipoprotein E hepatic control region and the human alpha-1 antitrypsin promoter (AhAAT) for hepatocyte-specific expression. Multiple variations using these promoters, a hairpin against firefly luciferase, and one of two termination sequences were constructed. We evaluated shRNA-induced silencing of a luciferase target for each construct in mouse hepatoma cells by the Dual-Luciferase Assay (Promega). While the gap between the end of the promoter and the start of shRNA transcription was found to render a hairpin completely ineffective if too large, elimination of the entire gap was detrimental as well. On the other hand, shRNA activity was improved by replacing a minimal polyadenylation sequence with the termination sequence from the U1 snRNA. The most effective hUbC and AhAAT constructs induced silencing of approximately 72% and 32%, respectively, relative to an empty BlueScript control. These constructs were also evaluated in vivo by hydrodynamic transfection of mouse liver followed by imaging with a charge-coupled device camera. shRNA-induced silencing by as much as 80% was obtained for the hUbC and AhAAT constructs. Thus, we conclude that optimal 5|[prime]|-initiation and 3|[prime]|-termination sites are required for robust shRNA expression from polII promoters.
Bullous delayed pressure urticaria; pressure testing may produce a systemic reaction
Authors: B.B. MIJAILOVIC, Dj.M. KARADAGLIC, M.P. NINKOVIC, T.M. MLADENOVIC, R.D. ZEČEVIC, M.D. PAVLOVIC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a patient with bullous delayed pressure urticaria (DPU) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in whom a systemic reaction occurred. The reaction occurred 18 h after a pressure test had been performed on the right forearm. Blood histamine levels were more elevated in the sample taken from the forearm on which the test had be applied. Skin biopsy revealed both intraepidermal and subepidermal bullae with a sparse dermal inflammatory infiltrate and direct immunofluorescence showed linear deposition of fibrinogen along the epidermodermal basement membrane. As far as we are aware this is only the third case of bullous DPU reported and the first associated with generalized urticaria and angioedema and severe broncho-obstruction. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.
Prinzipien der Medizin: Ein Wegweiser durch die Medizin
Authors: L. J. Rather
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The author, a former physiologist who is now a medical historian at Münster, surveys medicine and its relationships to the ancillary sciences. Neither art, science, trade or business, medicine is the task of maintaining health and healing disease. Physicians should therefore not overestimate the role of purely scientific medicine. Three perennial medical attitudes are interestingly contrasted—the rational, philosophical, and deductive systematist; the cognitively abstract and analytic methodologist; and the pragmatically oriented empiricist. The ethical basis of medicine rests on reverence for life (Schweitzer) and love for one's fellow men. Following medical ethics and deontology are sections on medical anthropology and epistemology; on the principles of somatopathology, psychopathology, and psychosomatic medicine; and on diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and prophylaxis, including remarks on the clinical history and the principles of nosology. On the whole the book serves to bring some order into the chaos of modern medicine as it must appear to the
The human platelet alloantigens Br(a) and Brb are associated with a single amino acid polymorphism on glycoprotein Ia (integrin subunit alpha 2).
Authors: S Santoso, R Kalb, M Walka, V Kiefel, C Mueller-Eckhardt, P J Newman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The human GPIa/IIa complex, also known as integrin alpha 2 beta 1, serves as a major receptor for collagen in platelets and other cell types. In addition to its role in platelet adhesion to extracellular matrix, GPIa/IIa is also known to bear the clinically important Br(a) and Brb alloantigenic determinants, which can result in antibody-mediated platelet destruction. Immunochemical studies showed that the Br antigenic epitopes reside solely on the GP Ia subunit and do not depend on sialic acid residues. To define the polymorphism responsible for the Br alloantigen system platelet RNA PCR technique, was used to amplify GPIa mRNA transcripts. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified platelet GPIa cDNA from Br(a/a) and Brb/b individuals revealed a single A<-->G polymorphism at base 1648. MnlI RFLP analysis of cDNA from serologically determined individuals confirmed that this polymorphism segregates with Br phenotype. This single base change results in a substitution of Lys (AAG) in Br(a) to Glu (GAG) in Brb at amino acid residue 505 In spite of the reversal in charge at this position, however, we found no difference in the ability of Bra and Brb homozygous platelets to adhere to collagens types I, III, or V, nor did anti-Bra or anti-Brb alloantibodies interfere with platelet adhesion to any of these fibrillar collagens. The identification of the nucleotide substitution that defines the Bra/Brb alloantigen system will now permit both pre- and postnatal diagnosis for Br phenotype.
Genotypes 677TT and 677CT+1298AC of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase are associated with the severity of ulcerative colitis in central China
Authors: M Chen
Journal: Gut (2005)

Increased blood levels of homocysteine have been found to be associated with inflammatory bowel diseased (IBD) in several studies.1,2 The main genetic determinant associated with elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (t-Hcys) is the MTHFR 677C→ T gene polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, a critical enzyme involved in the remethylation pathway of homocysteine.3 An association of the MTHFR 677 T allele with IBD has been reported in Northern Europe1,4 but not in three other series from Italy and France.5–7 Double heterozygosity MTHFR 677CT + 1298AC also produces reduced enzyme activity and increased t-Hcys, but its association with IBD has never been studied. Similarly, the association of IBD with transcobalamin ( TCN1 776C → G ), a genetic determinant that influences transcobalamin levels and t-Hcys, …
Systemic Reactions After Hymenoptera Sting And Raised Serum Tryptase Strongly Suggest Clonal Mast Cells Disorders
Authors: P. Bonadonna, O. Perbellini, G. Passalacqua, B. Caruso, S. Colarossi, D. Dal Fior, L. Castellani, C. Bonetto, F. Frattini, A. Dama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Evidence-Based Medicine: A New Paradigm for the Patient
Authors: Gary N. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group<sup>1</sup>recently presented a clinical scenario of the treat/notreat decision in an adult with a first seizure. In this scenario, a resident's qualitative impression, that recurrent seizure risk is sufficient to justify therapy, is quantified before prescribing the therapy. The group suggests that "the way of the future," the "paradigm shift," "involves using the medical literature more effectively in guiding medical practice." I hope that they are correct. However, I would suggest that two additional major features could easily be incorporated into these authors' scenario. First, when appropriate data are gathered, these data should be summarized by the physician and presented to the patient. Each patient could then decide what course of action best suits his or her individual needs, risk tolerance, and so on. The patient is empowered; the locus of control shifts from physician to patient. Second, the relevant question
A RAPID METHOD FOR CELLOIDIN SECTIONS
Authors: Maurice Buchsbaum
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Herxheimer's<sup>6</sup>quick celloidin method takes twenty-four hours. The tissues are fixed in formaldehyd solution or alcohol, and then placed in pure acetone in the incubator at 37 C. (98.6 F.) for from thirty minutes to one hour. This is followed by thin celloidin for four or five hours, and thick celloidin for two or three hours. By Cullen's<sup>7</sup>method permanent specimens from frozen sections may be obtained by previous formaldehyd solution fixation in from fifteen minutes to three hours. This would be the method of choice if it could be employed advantageously in the examination of very soft and finely divided material, as uterine scrapings or epitheliomas from the meshes of which microscopic particles and cell nests are apt to drop out "as there is nothing to hold them<i>in situ</i>as when celloidin is used." Frozen sections do not stain so readily, and often become distorted in
Gender Testing in the Olympics
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Since 1968 the International Olympics Committee (IOC) has required that individuals taking part in women's sporting events present evidence of "their femininity or female gender." Competitors must report to the "Gender Verification Office," where "determination of X and Y chromatin will be conducted on a smear of buccal mucosa membrane." "If the test is inconclusive, the competitor must undergo further tests as determined by the IOC Medical Commission." Because results are not made public, the efficacy of this policy is unknown. "Gender" testing superficially strikes one as intuitively logical. That men might masquerade as women is not unthinkable in a luminous event like the Olympics. Moreover, genetic males raised as females may indeed have unfair athletic advantages as a result of increased muscle mass. An example is 5a-reductase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder in which 46,XY individuals are often raised as females only to virilize at puberty. As de la
Handbook of Diabetes Mellitus, vol 1: Etiology/Hormone Physiology; vol 2: Islet Cell Function/Insulin Action; vol 3: Intermediary Metabolism and Its Regulation; vol 4: Biochemical Pathology
Authors: Roger W. Turkington
Journal: JAMA (1981)

These volumes contain 27 review articles on selected aspects of current research on diabetes mellitus. The topics include the genetics of diabetes in various human populations, the molecular regulation of islet-cell physiology, insulin-receptor interactions, effects of the CNS and of exercise on intermediary metabolism, gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism, and biochemical changes associated with insulin deficiency, including the chronic complications of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. The plan of the series aims at in-depth and critical review of discrete areas, including illustration of key experimental results, rather than a superficial overview of diabetes mellitus. Each chapter has extensive references (ranging from 100 to more than 400 references each), and the discussions are often highly technical and detailed: To the extent that they represent the expertise of a prominent investigator active in his field, the chapters often emphasize personal experimental contributions. Students of the clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus should find Eva
Effect of Periodontitis on Overt Nephropathy and End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wendy A. Shultis, E. Jennifer Weil, Helen C. Looker, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Marc Shlossman, Robert J. Genco, William C. Knowler, Robert G. Nelson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Dr. Varon (1) for his interest in the relationship between periodontitis and kidney disease in type 2 diabetes, but we disagree with most of his statements and conclusions.

First, although our analysis (2) excluded individuals with kidney disease (macroalbuminuria or low glomerular filtration rate) at baseline, we did not exclude individuals with known risk factors for …
Acute Pulmonary Edema, with Special Reference to Experimental Studies
Authors: Philip H. Henneman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THERE are many discrepancies between clinical observations, modes of therapy and the conventional explanations of the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema. Even superficial consideration reveals the inadequacies of the accepted explanations for this striking syndrome. In 1941 an editorial called attention to this problem, as follows: "Unfortunately as experimental and clinical observations on pulmonary oedema have accumulated it has become clear that the validity of the 'back pressure' or 'left ventricular failure' theory can no longer be considered as established."1 DefinitionAcute pulmonary edema is a syndrome characterized by rapid flooding of the lung alveoli with a serous or serosanguinous fluid; . . .
The politics of fear
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors have a responsibility to refute politicians’ specious claims

Human beings live their lives burdened by fear of what the future might hold; the task of doctors is, as far as possible, to reduce that burden because fear and anxiety are, in themselves, causes of significant suffering and ill health. The sadness is that leading politicians seem to be developing a pattern of using fear as a political tool.

On 21 January 2001, former prime minister Tony Blair gave evidence to the Chilcot inquiry into the Iraq war. The following interchange occurred:

“On 15th January 2003 you told the House of Commons that, and I quote all of this: ‘There are circumstances in which a UN resolution is not necessary, because it is necessary to be able to say in circumstances where an unreasonable veto is put down that we would still act.’ Now Lord Goldsmith, as you know, has said in his statement to us that these words of yours were not compatible with the advice that he had given to you the day before. Did you understand at the time that your words about an unreasonable veto were inconsistent with the legal advice?

“The Rt Hon Tony Blair: ‘I was …
Complications of Pediatric Surgery: Prevention and Management
Authors: John G. Raffensperger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Complications of Pediatric Surgery</i>is edited by Dr Kenneth J. Welch, an experienced pediatric surgeon who practices at the prestigious Boston Children's Hospital. The first section, consisting of seven chapters, is concerned with the basic science of pediatric surgery. The authors address anesthesia, hemorrhage, renal insufficiency, wound healing, nutrition, and surgical infections. One of the outstanding contributions of the entire book is in this section. Dr Marc Rowe has written a thoroughly understandable chapter on shock and resuscitation. In it, he rationally discusses the controversy over the use of plasma, electrolyte, and albumin solutions in children in shock. The remainder of the book is organized in the classic manner, by organ system. In most chapters the authors have reviewed the pathology and treatment of disease entities in standard textbook fashion, and some merely list the complications in a single paragraph or table. I looked in vain for penetrating, detailed advice
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Game-Changing Innovation for Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kishore J. Harjai, Jean-Michel Paradis, Susheel Kodali
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2013)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an emerging technology for the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). First reported in 2002, TAVR has made remarkable progress in the past decade with completion of major randomized clinical trials, multiple observational registries, and evolution of several new devices. This article is a brief introductory overview of the TAVR procedure, devices, trials and registries, and newer developments in the field.
Otitis Media in Infants and Children
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL MERIDIANS OF THE CORNEA IN ASTIGMATIC EYES.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Much practical interest attaches to the symmetrical and asymmetrical direction of the principal meridians of corneal curvature in astigmatic eyes. My attention has been directed anew to the subject by the interesting papers of Drs. Knapp and Harlan, (Trans. Am. Oph. Soc. 1894) and by some recent studies of my own on the relation of asymmetrical meridians in the cornea and different grades of refraction error in the two eyes, to cases of abnormality of ocular balance. (<i>University Medical Magazine</i>, January, 1895). That these asymmetrical conditions give rise to the more severe forms of asthenopia can not be questioned. I have repeatedly brought forward statistics to show that emmetropia must be regarded as the standard refraction for the model eye, since emmetropic eyes and those which most nearly approximate this ideal state of refraction, bear the requirements of civilized life with a minimum of discomfort or peril. If this is
Interleukin-12 as successful adjuvant in tuberculosis treatment
Authors: U. Greinert, M. Ernst, M. Schlaak, P. Entzian
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) proved to be an effective and successful adjuvant to a standard antituberculotic medication in a patient suffering from progressive clinical tuberculosis (TB). IL-12 is a potent enhancer of interferon-γ production which is necessary for killing intracellular bacteria like mycobacteria. This patient's TB was progressive, although sensitivity to first-line antituberculotics was proven and medication was given as directly observed therapy over more than 8 months. The 3-month adjuvant therapy with IL-12 significantly and convincingly improved results. It is believed that this case, the first in the literature to describe adjuvant interleukin-12 therapy in tuberculosis, strongly encourages the study of adjuvant interleukin-12 therapy on a more systematic basis.