tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genes, environments, and sex: factors of importance in atopic diseases in 7—9–year‐old Swedish twins
Authors: P. Lichtenstein, M. Svartengren
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Various atopic manifestations among adults have been shown to be influenced mainly by genetic factors. With the increase in prevalence of atopic diseases in recent years, especially among children, a great deal of attention has been given to environmental causes. In a study of 1480 Swedish twin pairs, 7—9 years old, we examined the importance of genetic and environmental factors in asthma, hay fever, eczema, and urticaria. Structural equation model fitting showed 33–76% of the variation in liability to the diseases to be due to genetic effects. Shared environmental effects were also important for hay fever and urticaria in both sexes and for eczema among girls. The clustering of atopic disease in families was almost entirely due to a common set of genes, but each disease manifestation also seemed to have specific genes of importance. Investigation of unlike‐sex twins showed that boys had a higher cumulative incidence of asthma and hay fever than girls, whereas girls had a higher incidence of eczema. Thus, it may be concluded that although genetic factors are of major importance in atopic manifestation in children, both environmental and sex‐related factors play a role.
The Safety of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Alexander H. Glassman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN 1977, we first reported the antiarrhythmic effect of imipramine hydrochloride.<sup>1</sup>Prior to that time, physicians generally believed that the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) caused arrhythmia. That belief stemmed from the propensity of overdoses of these drugs to provoke arrhythmias.<sup>2</sup>However, it subsequently became apparent, both from our studies<sup>3-6</sup>and the work of others,<sup>7</sup>that at plasma concentrations therapeutic for depression,<sup>8</sup>TCAs suppress arrhythmias, and their cardiac effects closely resemble those of class I antiarrhythmic drugs.<sup>9,10</sup>Until recently, it was our belief that depressed patients with preexisting arrhythmias would benefit from the antiarrhythmic effect of TCAs.<sup>11,12</sup>Unfortunately, recent studies indicate that this opinion may need to be revised. Ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) are a well-documented risk factor for sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI)<sup>13,14</sup>and the assumption had been that drugs that suppress VPDs would reduce this associated mortality. However, in 1983, Furberg
Effects of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction on the Heart
Authors: Bernadette Biondi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that subclinical thyroid dysfunction has important clinical effects and prognostic implications, supporting the view that it is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu. Purpose: To review clinical information on the effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart. Data Sources: English-language articles identified from files and a MEDLINE search (1970–September 2001), references of relevant articles, textbooks, and meeting abstracts. Study Selection: Reports on the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism on the cardiovascular system in humans. Data Extraction: Data on cardiac structure and performance, arrhythmias, and risk for coronary artery disease were independently assessed by all authors and summarized. Data Synthesis: Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function at rest, systolic dysfunction on effort, and enhanced risk for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased heart rate, atrial arrhythmias, increased left ventricular mass with marginal concentric remodeling, impaired ventricular relaxation, reduced exercise performance, and increased risk for cardiovascular death. All abnormalities were reversed by restoration of euthyroidism (subclinical hypothyroidism) or were blunted by β-blockade and tailoring of the l-thyroxine dose (subclinical hyperthyroidism). Conclusion: The heart responds to the minimal but persistent changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels typical of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Thus, the condition is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu, and timely treatment should be considered in an attempt to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects.
Inhibition of placental growth factor activity reduces the severity of fibrosis, inflammation, and portal hypertension in cirrhotic mice
Authors: Christophe Van Steenkiste, Jordi Ribera, Anja Geerts, Montse Pauta, Sònia Tugues, Christophe Casteleyn, Louis Libbrecht, Kim Olievier, Ben Schroyen, Hendrik Reynaert, Leo A. van Grunsven, Bram Blomme, Stephanie Coulon, Femke Heindryckx, Martine De Vos, Jean Marie Stassen, Stefan Vinckier, Jose Altamirano, Ramón Bataller, Peter Carmeliet, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Isabelle Colle, Manuel Morales-Ruiz
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Placental growth factor (PlGF) is associated selectively with pathological angiogenesis, and PlGF blockade does not affect the healthy vasculature. Anti-PlGF is therefore currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer patients. In cirrhosis, hepatic fibrogenesis is accompanied by extensive angiogenesis. In this paper, we evaluated the pathophysiological role of PlGF and the therapeutic potential of anti-PlGF in liver cirrhosis. PlGF was significantly up-regulated in the CCl4-induced rodent model of liver cirrhosis as well as in cirrhotic patients. Compared with wild-type animals, cirrhotic PlGF−/− mice showed a significant reduction in angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition with anti-PlGF antibodies yielded similar results as genetic loss of PlGF. Notably, PlGF treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, as well as chemotaxis and proliferation, indicating a previously unrecognized profibrogenic role of PlGF. Conclusion: PlGF is a disease-candidate gene in liver cirrhosis, and inhibition of PlGF offers a therapeutic alternative with an attractive safety profile. (Hepatology 2011;)
Portal Vein Embolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Junichi Shindoh, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Portal vein embolization (PVE) improves the safety of major hepatectomy through hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR), atrophy of the liver volume to be resected, and improvement in patient selection. Because most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have liver parenchymal injury due to underlying viral hepatitis or alcoholic liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, indication of PVE is relatively complex and sequential procedures, including transarterial chemoembolization, are required to maximize the effect of PVE as well as to minimize tumor progression due to increased arterial flow after PVE. PVE is currently indicated for patients with relatively well-preserved hepatic function [Child–Pugh A and indocyanine green tolerance test (ICG-R15) <20%] to achieve minimal FLR volume for safe major hepatectomy. FLR volume >40% is the minimal requirement for patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, and further strict criteria (FLR volume >50%) have been recommended for patients with marginal liver functional reserve (ICG-R15, 10–20%). Recent clinical results have suggested that PVE can be safely performed in patients with HCC and that it contributes to improved survival after major hepatectomy.
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Is Improved by Adding Asymptomatic Coronary Status to Routine Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Emmanuel Cosson, Minh Tuan Nguyen, Bernard Chanu, Isabela Banu, Sabrina Chiheb, Cristina Balta, Karim Takbou, Paul Valensi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To evaluate if silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and silent coronary artery disease (CAD) provide significant additional value to routine cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetic patients.We followed up to a first cardiovascular event 688 subjects (322 men, aged 59 ± 8 years) out of 731 consecutive asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with ≥1 additional risk factor who had been prospectively screened between 1992 and 2006 for SMI by stress myocardial scintigraphy and for silent CAD by coronary angiography.SMI was found in 207 (30.1%) patients and CAD in 76 of those with SMI. Of the patients, 98 had a first cardiovascular event during a 5.4 ± 3.5 (range: 0.1-19.2) year follow-up period. Cox regression analysis considering parameters predicting events but not SMI and CAD ("routine assessment") showed in univariate analyses that macroproteinuria (hazard ratio [HR] 3.33 [95% CI 1.74-6.35]; P < 0.001), current multifactorial care (0.27 [0.15-0.47]; P < 0.001), and peripheral/carotid occlusive arterial disease (PCOAD; 4.33 [2.15-8.71]; P < 0.001) independently predicted cardiovascular events. When added into the model, SMI (HR 1.76 [1.00-3.12]; P = 0.05) and CAD (2.28 [1.24-4.57]; P < 0.01) were also independently associated with events. SMI added to the prediction of an event in the following 5 years above and beyond routine assessment risk prediction (c statistic with or without SMI 0.788 [0.720-0.855] and 0.705 [0.616-0.794], respectively).Although screening for SMI and silent CAD should not be systematic, these complications are predictive of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients in addition to routine risk predictors, especially represented by PCOAD, macroproteinuria, and nonintensive management.
NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS.
Authors: JOSEPH MARSHALL FLINT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The peculiar but obscure relations existing between the bacillus of typhoid fever and bacillus coli communis have made it necessary to acquire a fuller knowledge regarding the natural distribution of the members of the coli-typhoid group. It has sometimes been asserted, although on insufficient evidence, (Blachstein, Kellogg), that many of the lower animals normally harbor intestinal bacteria capable of causing typhoid fever, and in this connection the recent investigations of Lösener<sup>1</sup>upon the occurrence in nature of bacteria possessing the characteristics of the typhoid bacillus having no apparent connection with an antecedent case of typhoid fever seem to be especially noteworthy. With a view to throwing light upon some of these questions of distribution, the following study was undertaken.<sup>2</sup> The fact that bacillus coli is normally found in the intestines not only of man, but also of several domesticated animals has been well established by the researches of
Lipoprotein(a) as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in a Prospectively Followed Cohort of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Barbara Kollerits, Martin Auinger, Veronika Reisig, Thomas Kästenbauer, Arno Lingenhel, Karl Irsigler, Rudolf Prager, Florian Kronenberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations are genetically determined (1,2), and numerous epidemiological studies in the general population have identified elevated Lp(a) levels as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disorders (3,4). However, this association is not as clearly defined in patients with type 1 diabetes (5), since large prospective studies are missing. We therefore analyzed the role of Lp(a) for the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications.

The 429 consecutive, unrelated type 1 diabetes patients included in this observational study were from the Hospital Lainz-Vienna. Inclusion criteria described recently (6) were regular attendance at the outpatient clinic in the last year and stable metabolic control. For patient characteristics, see Table 1. The recruitment period lasted from 1993 to 1999. Regular follow-ups were performed every 3–6 months. Yearly follow-ups included detailed history, laboratory parameters, measurement of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, staging of retinopathy, and feet inspection.

Previous CVD complications were obtained by self reports verified from hospital records. Patients’ blood was drawn after an overnight fast. Lp(a) quantification was carried out, as described in detail (7). Apolipoprotein(a) phenotyping was performed by SDS agarose gel electrophoresis (8). Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (9).

A composite CVD end point during follow-up was defined as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and …
TCT-305 Correlation Between Predicted to Observed Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent (DES) Expansion as Determined by Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): Variance Between Stent Platforms and Impact of Lesion Characteristics
Authors: Vikrant Jagadeesan, Mark Gajjar, Linda Lee, Sandeep Nathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Due to Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Cüneyt Türkmen, Seher Nilgün Ünal, Kezban Berberoğlu, Hakan Gençhellaç, Zeynep Ünal, Sema Cantez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Hydatid disease is a rare cause of acute pulmonary embolism. This complication may develop after invasion of the cardiovascular system. A case of acute pulmonary embolism due to multiple hydatid cysts is reported.
AN OUTBREAK OF MOUSE TYPHOID AND ITS ATTEMPTED CONTROL BY VACCINATION
Authors: Clara J. Lynch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

In this paper will be described briefly an epidemic of so called mouse typhoid which prevailed with fluctuations for approximately 2{ years in a mouse breeding station maintained at The Rockefeller Institute.The original stock of about 3,000 mice of all ages was procured by purchase and transported en masse to The Rockefeller Institute.The stock was especially valuable because it yielded a relatively high percentage of mice developing so called spontaneous cancers, located in the mammary glands chiefly, but also in other organs.It is known that the original stock, from which that purchased by The Rockefeller Institute was derived, had previously suffered losses from mouse typhoid.Moreover, to the stock as purchased, there were added from time to time from the outside a mouse showing a spontaneous tumor or other small accessions of healthy stock.The transfer of the mouse stock took place in April, 1918.Nothing especially noteworthy in the fatalities arose to arrest attention until about the middle of September of that year, when an unusual number of deaths among the stock occurred?From this time on, until what may be called the termination of the epidemic period, some 2½ years later, the number of deaths may be regarded as having been abnormally high, although in intervals between the wave-crests, the death rate returned to a level as low as that usually regarded as normal.It was customary to record all deaths occurring in the stock mice and at the beginning of each month to take a census of the population
Modulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in skin
Authors: O. HOLIAN, R. KUMAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Incubation in vitro of full-thickness guinea-pig skin with epinephrine or histamine resulted in the formation of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and increase in the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity ratio. The effect was dose-dependent between 10(-5) and 10(-3) M concentration of the agents. Histamine antagonists, diphenhydramine (H1) and cimetidine (H2) prevented stimulation by histamine in a dose-dependent manner suggesting the presence of both types of receptors in full-thickness skin. Cyclic AMP accumulation with a concomitant increase in protein kinase activity denotes that phosphoproteins may have an important role in skin biology.
TRIM68 Regulates Ligand-Dependent Transcription of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Naoto Miyajima, Satoru Maruyama, Miyuki Bohgaki, Satoshi Kano, Masahiko Shigemura, Nobuo Shinohara, Katsuya Nonomura, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors that mediate the action of androgen. AR plays an important role in normal development of the prostate, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. AR is regulated by several posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. In this study, we found that the putative E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM68, which is preferentially expressed in prostate cancer cells, interacts with AR and enhances transcriptional activity of the AR in the presence of dihydrotestosterone. We also found that TRIM68 functionally interacts with TIP60 and p300, which act as coactivators of AR, and synergizes in the transactivation of AR. Overexpression of TRIM68 in prostate cancer cells caused an increase in secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), one of the most reliable diagnostic markers for prostate cancer, whereas knockdown of TRIM68 attenuated the secretion of PSA and inhibited cell growth and colony-forming ability. Moreover, we showed that TRIM68 expression is significantly up-regulated in human prostate cancers compared with the expression in adjacent normal tissues. These results indicate that TRIM68 functions as a cofactor for AR-mediated transcription and is likely to be a novel diagnostic tool and a potentially therapeutic target for prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3486–94]
Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P E McGill, I Twinn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Patients with active seropositive rheumatoid arthritis have reduced antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Synovial fluid lymphocytes have very low cytotoxicity. A relationship appears to exist between disease activity and cytotoxic activity.
John Deryk Pollitt
Authors: Alan Poole, Howard James
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the distinguished UK transplant immunologist and Nobel laureate.She spent her life supporting her husband's career and working hard for causes she cared about and believed in-the global environment, population control, and family planning.She was one of a redoubtable group of women who had to combat the most extraordinarily hostile attitudes in the early days of family planning.She was fond of quoting a letter published in the Lancet in 1930, when she was 17, saying that the subject "was something that no decent man would handle with a pair of tongs."In 1954, when she was 31, she met Margaret Pyke, chairwoman of the Family Planning Association, and this started her considerable contribution to the movement.She became a member of the executive in 1960, and was chairwoman from 1968 to 1970.For two decades, from 1957 to 1976, she was joint editor of Family Planning (now Family Planning Today).
Needle exchanges reduce HIV infection in US
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Needle exchange programmes prevent HIV infection and should be supported by the federal government, said a report released last week by the National Academy of Sciences. Under current law, programmes that encourage drug misusers to exchange their needles and syringes for new ones have been banned by the federal government. But Congress said that if the academy found that locally run programmes did indeed cut the rates of new cases …
Tie2-Expressing Monocytes and Tumor Angiogenesis: Regulation by Hypoxia and Angiopoietin-2
Authors: Claire E. Lewis, Michele De Palma, Luigi Naldini
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Recent findings indicate that tumor-associated macrophages are important drivers of tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the essential role played by Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) in this phenomenon. TEMs are present in human blood and tumors and their elimination in various tumor models suppresses tumor angiogenesis. A ligand for Tie2, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), is produced by angiogenic tumor vessels and is a chemoattractant for TEMs. Hypoxia up-regulates Tie2 expression on TEMs and, together with Ang-2, down-regulates their antitumor functions. Learning more about the regulation of TEMs by the tumor microenvironment may yield new strategies to ablate the tumor vasculature. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8429–32]
Endoscopic Appearance of Colonic Tuberculosis
Authors: J. A. Barriga, L. C. Fry, K. E. Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Figure 1 A 20-year-old man with a complaint of hematochezia underwent colonoscopic examination, which revealed a single ulcer at 35 cm from the anal verge. The ulcer measured approximately 2.5 cm in diameter, the border was irregular, raised and erythematous. The base of the ulcer was covered by a yellowish fibrinoid exudate.
Successful Treatment of Typhoid Carrier with Penicillin and Sulphamerazine
Authors: C. A. Rumball, L. G. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Fairly uniform amelioration of his rigidity brought much satis- faction, although tremor was not noticeably abated and an excess of mouth-dribbling demanded the addition of bella- donna.This patient, whose general physical state was below normal, developed an anaemia which responded to iron.He complained also of transient blurring of vision while receiving diparcol.Conclusions Diparcol seems to offer some advantages over the tropane series of alkaloids (exemplified by stramonium) in the treat- ment of Parkinsonism of all grades.It is advisable to start with small doses, and gradually to increase dosage up to a maximum of 1 g.daily until significant benefit is obtained.Withdrawal of the solan- aceous drugs should be correspondingly slow; indeed, it is probably wise not to deprive patients of belladonna or stramonium completely.It was found that treatment with two 0.25-g.tablets upon wakening, followed by one tablet at noon and one at about 5 p.m., brought the greatest reduction of rigidity, there commonly being a spontaneous improvement (apart from treatment) in the evening.SummaryThe advantageous and untoward results of the drug diparcol in the treatment of eight cases of Parkinsonism are reported, and the use of the drug is discussed.A method of recording and evaluating the results of treat- ment of patients with chronic disorders of locomotion is described.
Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents on Vascular Complications in Patients With Adult-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Martin G. Goldner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

"Field (clinical) trials are indispensable. They will continue to be an ordeal. They lack glamour, they strain our resources and our patience, and they protract the moment of truth to excruciating limits. Still, they are among the most challenging tests of our skills.... If, in major medical dilemmas the alternative is to pay the cost of perpetual uncertainty, have we really any choice?"<sup>1</sup> The clinical trial of the effect of hypoglycemic agents on the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus conducted by the University Group Program (UGDP) for the past ten years bears witness to the truthfulness of the above quotation. The hypothesis that control of the blood glucose level prevents or delays the vascular complications of diabetes has been supported so far only by evidence which is largely conjectural.<sup>2</sup>Such a relationship can be documented only with prospective study of patients randomly assigned to treatment regimens that differ