tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of Surgery and Outcome in Extra-Abdominal Aggressive Fibromatosis: A Series of Patients Surgically Treated at a Single Institution
Authors: A. Gronchi, P.G. Casali, L. Mariani, S. Lo Vullo, M. Colecchia, L. Lozza, R. Bertulli, M. Fiore, P. Olmi, M. Santinami, J. Rosai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To explore prognostic factors in surgically treated aggressive fibromatosis (extra-abdominal desmoid tumor).A total of 203 consecutive patients treated with surgery over a 35-year period at a single referral center were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred twenty-eight were first seen at our institution with primary disease, whereas 75 had a recurrent tumor. All patients underwent macroscopically complete resection. Margins were rated as negative in 146 (97 with primary tumors, 49 with recurrences) and positive in 57 (31 in primary, 26 in recurrences) patients. Median follow-up was 135 months.Patients with primary disease had a better disease-free survival rate than those with recurrence (76% v 59% at 10 years). Presenting with a recurrence was also the strongest predictor of local failure in the multivariate analysis. In patients first treated for primary disease, size and site had prognostic significance, whereas microscopically positive surgical margins did not. In contrast, in patients with recurrence, there was a trend toward better prognosis if margins were negative (although this was not significant at multivariate analysis).Presence of microscopic disease does not necessarily affect long-term disease-free survival in patients with primary presentation of extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. Thus, function-sparing surgery may be a reasonable choice when feasible without leaving macroscopic residual disease. In patients with recurrences, positive margins may more clearly affect prognosis, potentially necessitating adjuvant radiation in selected cases.
A CASE OF FIBRINOUS BRONCHITIS.
Authors: JOSEPH M. PATTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chronic essential (primary) fibrinous bronchitis, croupous bronchitis or bronchitis pseudomembranacea is a rare affection. Its rarity is commented on by every observer of the disease, and is sustained by the small number of cases reported, no observer having seen more than one or two cases. Birmer<sup>1</sup>, who wrote the first extensive monograph on the subject in 1855, says: "Bronchitis crouposa is a very rare affection." Galen<sup>2</sup>observed a case of bronchitis fibrinosa, though he erroneously described the bronchial cast which he saw as a coughed up pulmonary blood-vessel. Tulpius<sup>3</sup>in 1641, presented the first reliable report on fibrinous bronchitis. He described the fibrinous exudate as<i>surculi venœ arteriosœ expectorati</i>, and illustrated his report by two drawings which do not leave any doubt as to the nature of the affection. Morgagni,<sup>4</sup>in 1760, described fibrinous bronchitis. Birmer (loc. cit.) gives an elaborate description of fibrinous bronchitis based
Ethnic variation in epidemiology of hip fracture
Authors: T Solanki, R H Hyatt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Parental awareness was high EDITOR,-We wish to report the results of an observational study that a group of us under- took recently as part of our community medicine attachment.We chose the topic of measles immunisation because it was a current issue.'There had also been public concern that the campaign contained information contradicting that given in the previous measles, mumps, and rubella campaign, launched in October 1988.At that time the parliamentary secretary for health, Mrs Edwina Curry, stated that "It [measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine] provides life-long protection against all three infections with a single jab."2A third point of interest was the controversy surrounding the rubella component of the vaccine.
Campylobacter pylori in Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Z. Myron Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Martin Blaser has gathered a multitude of well-known authorities in the fields of gastroenterology, microbiology, and pathology who have studied<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>(formerly<i>Campylobacter pylori</i>) and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The connection between this organism and these diseases, is, to my surprise, actually old—100 years—confirming the adage, "There is nothing new under the sun." Many of the contributors appear convinced that there is an etiologic role for<i>Helicobacter</i>in the illnesses outlined, while others are as clearly skeptical. In fact, the overriding signal seems to be that, although the organism is connected with gastritis and ulcers, it may be only a passing bystander. The chapters are well written and organized. Most have a concise introduction and summary. The references are well up-to-date. The mix of chapters brings considerable interest to everyone from the basic microbiologist to the immunologist, the pathologist, and the clinician. Included are excellent
Motor Vehicle Childhood Injuries Caused by Noncrash Falls and Ejections
Authors: Phyllis F. Agran
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In a sample of children aged O through 14 years who were treated for injuries incurred in a motor vehicle accident, a large proportion of those involved in noncrash events fell or were ejected from the vehicle. This study was designed to describe the patterns of passenger travel, precipitating causes, and severity of injury in noncrash falls or ejections. The data were obtained from a larger ongoing hospital-based monitoring system. The Abbreviated Injury Scale was used to grade injuries. Over 50% of those ejected sustained serious injuries compared with 5% of those who remained in the vehicle. Two high-risk patterns emerged: (1) the young child traveling in a passenger seat falling out of the vehicle, and (2) the older child riding on the exterior of the vehicle and falling off during a vehicle maneuver. Door locks, restraint use, and prohibition of travel in nonpassenger locations would prevent these serious noncrash injuries. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2530-2533)
Correlation of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Performance Across Multiple Measures of Quality of Care
Authors: Jochen Profit, John A. F. Zupancic, Jeffrey B. Gould, Kenneth Pietz, Marc A. Kowalkowski, David Draper, Sylvia J. Hysong, Laura A. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To examine whether high performance on one measure of quality is associated with high performance on others and to develop a data-driven explanatory model of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) performance.We conducted a cross-sectional data analysis of a statewide perinatal care database. Risk-adjusted NICU ranks were computed for each of 8 measures of quality selected based on expert input. Correlations across measures were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine whether underlying factors were driving the correlations.Twenty-two regional NICUs in California.In total, 5445 very low-birth-weight infants cared for between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2007.Pneumothorax, growth velocity, health care-associated infection, antenatal corticosteroid use, hypothermia during the first hour of life, chronic lung disease, mortality in the NICU, and discharge on any human breast milk.The NICUs varied substantially in their clinical performance across measures of quality. Of 28 unit-level correlations, 6 were significant (ρ < .05). Correlations between pairs of measures of quality of care were strong (ρ ≥ .5) for 1 pair, moderate (range, ρ ≥ .3 to ρ < .5) for 8 pairs, weak (range, ρ ≥ .1 to ρ < .3) for 5 pairs, and negligible (ρ < .1) for 14 pairs. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 4 underlying factors of quality in this sample. Pneumothorax, mortality in the NICU, and antenatal corticosteroid use loaded on factor 1; growth velocity and health care-associated infection loaded on factor 2; chronic lung disease loaded on factor 3; and discharge on any human breast milk loaded on factor 4.In this sample, the ability of individual measures of quality to explain overall quality of neonatal intensive care was modest.
Bony ingrowth holds new 'joints' in place
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Methyl methacrylate, introduced to the orthopedic surgical world in the late 1950s by John Charnley, MB, FRCS, of the University of Manchester, England, revolutionized joint replacement because it provided a quick-drying cement as well as a cushion between bone and prosthesis. Still, most surgeons agree that the best bond between bone and implant is a biologic one, and this is the goal of several prosthetic devices on the market today—to achieve permanent bone ingrowth into an implant. "Over the past ten to 20 years it has evolved that the major problem with artificial joints of all types is the fixation of the joint to the bone, which tends to work loose over time," says Kenenth A. Krakow, MD, assistant professor of orthopedic surgery at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and chief of orthopedic surgery at Loch Raven Veterans Administration Hospital, Baltimore. "You can imagine how it would feel
Adverse Drug Reaction Profiles
Authors: Bob Milewski
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I want to compliment Kramer et al (242:623, 1979) on their article on adverse drug reactions. They have created an excellent and thorough system. Unfortunately, I do not believe that development of a system is the total answer to a difficult problem. The adverse drug reaction reporting problem is of a more basic nature. As mentioned by the authors, medical inpatients generally have the highest incidence of adverse drug reactions. Major adverse drug reactions frequently result in a hospitalization or occur during hospitalization. The burden for development and maintenance of accurate systems for reporting and creating profiles on adverse drug reactions thus falls on the hospitals. All too frequently hospitals have no real program for reporting adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reaction profiles are frequently created by asking the patient: "Are you allergic to any medication?" This often leads to poor, inaccurate, and unsubstantiated adverse drug reaction
Bronchoalveolar lavage-directed therapy does not affect prevalence of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>infection and structural lung injury in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: H Haja Mydin
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Early Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections lead to increased morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). As this diagnosis is difficult to ascertain in the non-expectorating patient, the authors set out to determine if bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-directed therapy during the first 5 years of life leads to better outcomes than standard practice (which is therapy based …
The sex ratio of children born to women with dermatoses of pregnancy
Authors: W.H. James
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article The sex ratio of children born to women with dermatoses of pregnancy Get access W.H. James W.H. James The Galton Laboratory, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Pages 1345–1346, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03932.x Published: 01 December 2000
Chromosome translocations: a biomarker for retrospective biodosimetry.
Authors: J N Lucas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

We discuss here the results from our studies demonstrating that simple translocations detected by chromosome painting can be used to reconstruct radiation doses for workers exposed within the dose limits and for individuals with past exposure. To be useful, a biomarker for exposure and risk assessment should employ an end point that is highly quantitative, stable over time, and relevant to human risk. Recent advances in chromosome staining using fluorescence in situ hybridization facilitate fast and reliable measurement of simple translocations, a type of DNA damage linked both to prior clastogenic exposure and to risk. In contrast to other biomarkers available, the frequency of simple translocations in individuals exposed to whole-body radiation is stable over time postexposure, has little interindividual variability, and can be measured accurately at low frequencies.
Self‐administered topical 5% imiquimod for the treatment of common warts and molluscum contagiosum
Authors: U.R. Hengge, S. Esser, T. Schultewolter, C. Behrendt, T. Meyer, E. Stockfleth, M. Goos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Despite numerous therapeutic options the treatment of common warts and molluscum contagiosum remains unsatisfactory for both patients and physicians. Imiquimod, a novel topical immune response modifier, has been successfully used for the treatment of external anogenital warts. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerance and efficacy of imiquimod for the treatment of common cutaneous warts and mollusca that were resistant to previous therapeutic interventions. Methods Imiquimod 5% cream was self‐applied by the patients to the warts or mollusca once daily for 5 days per week and left in place overnight. Assessment for response and the occurrence of side‐effects was performed every 4 weeks until clinical cure or up to a maximum of 16 weeks. Results Twenty‐eight of 50 (56%) patients with warts achieved a total clearance (n = 15; 30%) or a > 50% reduction in wart size (n = 13; 26%) after a mean treatment period of 9·2 weeks. Twelve of 15 (80%) patients with mollusca achieved a total clearance (n = 8; 53%) or a > 50% reduction in molluscum size (n = 4; 27%). There was no difference in response with regard to gender, human immunodeficiency virus serostatus or atopic predisposition. Conclusions Patient‐applied 5% imiquimod cream holds promise as an effective treatment of common warts and mollusca in a difficult‐to‐treat patient population.
What are natural frequencies?
Authors: G. Gigerenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Suicide is common in the context of depression and bipolar disorders, but there remains a lack of understanding as to how suicide ideation, a common symptom of mood disorders, progresses to suicidal behaviour. Irritability, a feature of some types of depression, is thought to contribute to the development of suicidal behaviour, but these associations are not well established. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the relationship between irritability and suicide ideation according to the subtype of depression expressed in patients with mood disorder. <h3>Methods</h3> 75 patients with mood disorders seen at the CADE (Clinical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation) Clinic underwent clinical assessment for <i>suicidal ideation</i> (Paykel Suicide Scale), <i>symptom severity</i> (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) (anxious depression), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (melancholic depression)) and <i>irritability</i> (item 5 of the YMRS). <h3>Findings</h3> Interestingly, irritability correlated with mania (r=0.734, p&lt;0.001 (YMRS)) and depressive symptom scores (r=0.369, p&lt;0.001 (MADRS); r=0.477, p&lt;0.001 (HAM-D)), which in turn correlated with suicide ideation scores (r=0.364, p&lt;0.01 (MADRS); r=0.275, p=0.017 (HAM-D)). However, despite this indirect association, there was no direct correlation between irritability and suicide ideation (r=0.050, p&gt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The nature of the relationship between irritability and suicidal ideation is determined by the emotional context within which irritability operates. <h3>Clinical implications</h3> Findings suggest that rather than examining irritability alone, consideration of the subtype of depression, especially that of anxious depression, should be paramount in assessing suicide risk.
GMC suspends surgeon for plagiarism
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Students are introduced to techniques of physical examination at medical school. However, their skills are deficient at the time of graduation, and with the increasing shift of clinical teaching away from the bedside and into the conference room it is expected that these skills will weaken in succeeding generations of physicians. A practical and satisfactory method of addressing this problem during internship and residency training has not been forthcoming because of the lack of a regular forum for the teaching of clinical skills in busy tertiary referral hospitals and the shortage of teachers with the necessary skills and commitment to teaching a large number of house staff. We describe a program whose unique hierarchical approach has permitted a detailed ongoing review of physical examination. One clinician was able to teach 24 residents by instructing a small group of senior residents, who in turn, after practising with clinical clerks, taught groups of junior residents.
Increased serum levels of the specific advanced glycation end product methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone are associated with retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dag Sigurd Fosmark, Peter A. Torjesen, Bente K. Kilhovd, Tore J. Berg, Leiv Sandvik, Kristian F. Hanssen, Carl-David Agardh, Elisabet Agardh
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Pomalidomide augments fetal hemoglobin production without the myelosuppressive effects of hydroxyurea in transgenic sickle cell mice
Authors: Steffen E. Meiler, Marlene Wade, Ferdane Kutlar, Shobha D. Yerigenahally, Yongjun Xue, Laure A. Moutouh-de Parseval, Laura G. Corral, Paul S. Swerdlow, Abdullah Kutlar
Journal: Blood (2011)
Parasystole, reentry, and tachycardia: a canine preparation of cardiac arrhythmias occurring across inexcitable segments of tissue.
Authors: C Antzelevitch, M J Bernstein, H N Feldman, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A protected ectopic focus created in tissue excised from one heart was allowed to interact with the activity of the intact heart of another animal. The protected focus consisted of a Purkinje fiber in which a narrow central zone was rendered inexcitable. The model permitted us to study parasystole, modulated parasystole, reentry, and tachycardia in the same preparation. At moderate levels of electrotonic influence across the region of block, frequency scans revealed wide zones of pacemaker entrainment. The incidence and pattern of premature ventricular contractions generated were always a sensitive function of heart rate. Parasystolic patterns could be converted to apparent reentrant patterns by simple alteration of the atrial driving rate or the level of block. Suppression of pacemaker automaticity converted a modulated parasystole model to one of pure reentry. Reciprocation of the impulse across the inexcitable tissue segment generated a ventricular tachycardia that could be initiated and terminated by a single properly timed event. Our observations suggest that ectopic activity that behaves like parasystole and activity characteristic of what is commonly diagnosed as reentry, including tachycardia and idioventricular rhythms, may be a manifestation of a common mechanism whose arrhythmic expression differs as a continuous function of heart rate, level of block, or level of automaticity.
THE FUTURE OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Authors: Sam E. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journal, April 26, 1952, page 1508, appeared an editorial on the future of otolaryngology, which emphasized that otolaryngology is a shrinking surgical specialty; that there is no such thing as the uncontested domain of otolaryngology. I have practiced medicine for 40 years, during 25 of which the measures I used were strictly orthodox, just as I was taught. During that quarter of a century I viewed each patient as a candidate for surgery of some sort and my thinking stopped just there. Many well-meaning, sincere otolaryngologists today stop thinking just there. This is crucial to our specialty and must be radically changed if we are to advance or even survive.  Fifteen years ago I kept for months a daily tabulation of my patients, under four headings: (1) those I really helped, (2) those for whom I did little to relieve their troubles, (3) those for
What else can brains do?
Authors: Aaron Sloman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The approach Clark labels “action-oriented predictive processing” treats all cognition as part of a system of on-line control. This ignores other important aspects of animal, human, and robot intelligence. He contrasts it with an alleged “mainstream” approach that also ignores the depth and variety of AI/Robotic research. I don't think the theory presented is worth taking seriously as a complete model, even if there is much that it explains.
The Vα14 invariant natural killer T cell TCR forces microbial glycolipids and CD1d into a conserved binding mode
Authors: Yali Li, Enrico Girardi, Jing Wang, Esther Dawen Yu, Gavin F. Painter, Mitchell Kronenberg, Dirk M. Zajonc
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) rapidly produce effector cytokines. In this study, we report the first crystal structures of the iNKT cell T cell receptor (TCR) bound to two natural, microbial glycolipids presented by CD1d. Binding of the TCR induced CDR3-α–dependent structural changes in the F′ roof of CD1d; these changes resemble those occurring in the absence of TCR engagement when the highly potent synthetic antigen α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) binds CD1d. Furthermore, in the Borrelia burgdorferi α–galactosyl diacylglycerol–CD1d complex, TCR binding caused a marked repositioning of the galactose sugar into an orientation that closely resembles α-GalCer. The TCR-dependent reorientation of the sugar, together with the induced CD1d fit, may explain the weaker potency of the microbial antigens compared with α-GalCer. We propose that the TCR of iNKT cells binds with a conserved footprint onto CD1d, regardless of the bound glycolipid antigen, and that for microbial antigens this unique binding mode requires TCR-initiated conformational changes.
Abstract B30: Identification of new regulator in p53-mediated cellular senescence
Authors: Jae-Sik Shin, Seung-Woo Hong, Dae-Hee Lee, Jai-Hee Moon, Jeong Eun Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jae-Lyun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Jung Shin Lee, Dong-Hoon Jin, Tae Won Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The downstream events and target genes of p53 in senescence responses are not fully understood. Here, we identify a novel regulator, A-core gene, in p53-mediated cellular senescence. Overexpression of A-core in p53-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) accelerates senescence, whereas A-core gene knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) leads to escape from p53-mediated senescence in p53-expressing MEFs. A-core overexpression also increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescued A-core overexpression-induced senescence. Surprisingly, the elevated levels of ROS that accompanied A-core overexpression were paralleled by an increase in p21 expression. siRNA-mediated knockdown of p21 in A-core overexpressing MEFs abrogated the A-core-dependent increase in ROS levels, indicating that A-core acts through p21 induction and subsequent ROS elevation to trigger senescence. In addition, expression of the cell proliferation-related proteins cyclin E and B was decreased after A-core expression. Collectively, these results suggest that A-core is a downstream target of p53 that is sufficient to induce p21 expression and ROS production, and is necessary for p53-mediated senescence. Citation Format: Jae-Sik Shin, Seung-Woo Hong, Dae-Hee Lee, Jai-Hee Moon, Jeong Eun Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jae-Lyun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Jung Shin Lee, Dong-Hoon Jin, Tae Won Kim. Identification of new regulator in p53-mediated cellular senescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.