tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Production of GAWK (chromogranin-B 420-493)-like immunoreactivity by endocrine tumors and its possible diagnostic value.
Authors: K Sekiya, M A Ghatei, M J Salahuddin, A E Bishop, Q A Hamid, H Ibayashi, J M Polak, S R Bloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

GAWK (chromogranin-B 420-493) is a 74 amino acid peptide recently isolated from human pituitaries. Using two different antibodies (directed against GAWK [1-17] and [20-38] fragments) GAWK-LI was measured in tumors from 194 patients and in the plasma of 434 patients by RIA. The highest tissue concentrations of GAWK-LI were found in pheochromocytoma (GAWK [1-17]-LI, 18,173 +/- 3,915; GAWK [20-38]-LI, 17,852 +/- 2,763 [mean +/- SEM] pmol/g wet wt tissue; n = 9), which were at least ten times higher than any other tumors producing GAWK-LI. High concentrations of GAWK-LI were also found in other types of endocrine tumors including carcinoid, medullary carcinoma of thyroid, pancreatic, and ACTH-producing lung tumors. On the other hand, low concentrations of GAWK-LI were found in nonendocrine tumors. Plasma concentrations of GAWK-LI were found to be elevated in patients with endocrine tumor, but more so in those with pancreatic tumors than with pheochromocytomas. Plasma concentrations returned to normal after successful tumor removal. Chromatographic profiles of GAWK-LI in extracts of pheochromocytomas and normal adrenals showed high molecular weight peaks that were absent in the extracts of other endocrine tumors and normal pancreas, suggesting differential tissue-specific processing. Thus GAWK-LI is produced by a variety of endocrine tumors and may serve as a plasma tumor marker, especially in patients with pancreatic endocrine tumors.
Monocryl® suture, a new ultra-pliable absorbable monofilament suture
Authors: Rao S. Bezwada, Dennis D. Jamiolkowski, In-Young Lee, Vishvaroop Agarwal, Joseph Persivale, Susan Trenka-Benthin, Modesto Erneta, Jogendra Suryadevara, Alan Yang, Sylvia Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (1995)
Social Psychiatric Impairment: Racial Comparisons
Authors: JOHN J. SCHWAB, NANCY H. McGINNIS, GEORGE J. WARHEIT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

From a large-scale epidemiologic study of the mental health needs and services of a southeastern county, randomly selected groups of black and white respondents were compared with respect to social and demographic characteristics, symptoms and indices of psychological distress, effects of emotional distress on daily functioning, interpersonal and familial networks, aspiration and satisfaction, and a comprehensive rating of social psychiatric impairment. The authors relate the racial differences on these dimensions to social and economic deprivation and to social change in the South.
AT-07 * SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ATRT PATIENTS WITHOUT ADJUVANT RADIATION: A MULTI INSTITUTIONAL CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: D. Ku, L. Lafay-Cousin, C. Fryer, J. Hukin, D. Strother, A. Huang, E. Bouffet
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: While radiation has been included in most of the recent multimodality strategies to treat ATRT patients, concerns of significant neurocognitive deficit in very young children has led some pediatric neurooncologists to avoid the use of systematic adjuvant radiation. We present here a multiinstitutional Canadian experience. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2013, 26 patients from 3 Canadian centers (Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver), diagnosed with ATRT were treated with high dose chemotherapy strategy with the intent to delay or avoid radiation. There were 16 females and 10 males. The median age at diagnosis was 21.2 months (4.2-110.2). Fourteen patients had a supratentorial tumor and 8 were metastatic at diagnosis (1M1, 5M2, 1M2/M3, 1 M2/MRT). Fifteen achieved gross total resection (3 underwent second look surgery). Ten patients received additional triple IT chemotherapy. Five of the 16 patients tested had evidence of INI1 germline mutation. Conditioning regimen for consolidation consisted in 1 cycle of (Carbo/VP16/Thiotepa) in 6 patients, 3 cycles of (Carbo/Thiotepa) in 19 and 4 cycles of (CPM/CDDP/VP16) in 1 patient. Ten patient received maintenance therapy with Tamoxifen and Cis retinoic acid following high dose chemotherapy. Only 6/26 (23%) patients received radiation, all in an adjuvant setting. Radiation consisted in focal radiation in 4 and craniospinal irradiation in 2 patients. Eleven patients relapsed. Ten patients died of disease, one of treatment related toxicity. At a median time of 53.8 months, 15 patients (57.6%) are alive with 11 (73.3%) of them who did not received radiation. CONCLUSION: Although there is still a lack of molecular or genetic marker that allows identification of patients with ATRT who can be spared upfront radiation, our experience describes an interesting survival rate for patients with ATRT in the absence of adjuvant radiation. Upcoming molecular classification in ATRT should help delineating indication of radiation.
Linear ethanol jet injections for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: Canine survival study
Authors: Mauricio J. Garrido, Mathew R. Williams, Aftab Kherani, Deon W. Vigilance, Darcy Parish, Hadar Hermoni, Yoshifumi Naka, Craig R. Smith, Mehmet C. Oz, Michael Argenziano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Targeting α4β7 integrin reduces mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and protects gut-associated lymphoid tissue from infection
Authors: Siddappa N Byrareddy, Brianne Kallam, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Fatima Nawaz, Joseph Hiatt, Ellen N Kersh, Janet M McNicholl, Debra Hanson, Keith A Reimann, Markus Brameier, Lutz Walter, Kenneth Rogers, Ann E Mayne, Paul Dunbar, Tara Villinger, Dawn Little, Tristram G Parslow, Philip J Santangelo, Francois Villinger, Anthony S Fauci, Aftab A Ansari
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Clinical Outcomes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Carriers of <i>BMPR2</i> Mutation
Authors: Benjamin Sztrymf, Florence Coulet, Barbara Girerd, Azzedine Yaici, Xavier Jais, Olivier Sitbon, David Montani, Rogério Souza, Gerald Simonneau, Florent Soubrier, Marc Humbert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Germline mutations in the gene encoding for bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are a cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).We conducted a study to determine the influence, if any, of a BMPR2 mutation on clinical outcome.The French Network of Pulmonary Hypertension obtained data for 223 consecutive patients displaying idiopathic or familial PAH in whom point mutation and large size rearrangements of BMPR2 were screened for. Clinical, functional, and hemodynamic characteristics, as well as outcomes, were compared in BMPR2 mutation carriers and noncarriers.Sixty-eight BMPR2 mutation carriers (28 familial and 40 idiopathic PAH) were compared with 155 noncarriers (all displaying idiopathic PAH). As compared with noncarriers, BMPR2 mutation carriers were younger at diagnosis of PAH (36.5 +/- 14.5 vs. 46.0 +/- 16.1 yr, P < 0.0001), had higher mean pulmonary artery pressure (64 +/- 13 vs. 56 +/- 13 mm Hg, P < 0.0001), lower cardiac index (2.13 +/- 0.68 vs. 2.50 +/- 0.73 L/min/m(2), P = 0.0005), higher pulmonary vascular resistance (17.4 +/- 6.1 vs. 12.7 +/- 6.6 mm Hg/L/min/m(2), P < 0.0001), lower mixed venous oxygen saturation (59 +/- 9% vs. 63 +/- 9%, P = 0.02), shorter time to death or lung transplantation (P = 0.044), and younger age at death (P = 0.002), but similar overall survival (P = 0.51).BMPR2 mutation carriers with PAH present approximately 10 years earlier than noncarriers, with a more severe hemodynamic compromise at diagnosis.
Abstract 1758: A podophyllotoxin derivative, Adva-27a, is more potent at killing multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells than etoposide
Authors: Rebecca S. Young, Si Liao, Steve N. Slilaty, Susannah Gal
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A novel non-ester GEM-difluorinated C-glycoside derivative of podophyllotoxin, Adva-27a, had been designed and synthesized. The growth inhibitory properties of this drug compared to the currently used Topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide was evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and in a multi-drug resistant (MDR) variant of this cell line. These cells were cultured in the presence of the drugs at different concentrations (0.1-100μM) for various times (1-9 days) and analyzed for viability using a mitochondrial metabolic activity dye, Alamar blue versus solvent (DMSO) treated cells. The MCF-7 cells were sensitive to Adva-27a and etoposide, resulting in an IC50 of less than 10μM for etoposide and 20μM for Adva-27a, while the IC50 for the MDR MCF-7 cells was 25μM with Adva-27a, but greater than 100μM for etoposide. The timing for killing by Adva-27a of the MDR MCF-7 cells appeared significantly different than for the MCF-7 parent cells. In this case, 100μM drug resulted in less than 50% of viability at day 3 for the MDR MCF-7 cells, while the same concentration of drug required 5-6 days to cause the same level of killing of the parent cells. To determine the mechanism of action of the drug, we analyzed the Adva-27a treated cells by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. We found that after 24 hours with 30μM of the drug, both MCF-7 and the MDR MCF-7 cells were accumulating in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Both cells are similarly killed after 7 days by this concentration of the drug. Etoposide is known to cause accumulation of cells at a similar phase, implying the Adva-27a has a similar drug target. Thus, the mechanism for the difference in sensitivity of the MDR MCF-7 cells for Adva-27a relative to etoposide is not yet understood, but will be explored in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1758. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1758
Remarks on some Special Characters of the Present Epidemic of Typhoid Fever in London
Authors: O. Sturges
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE enteric fever prevalent in London during the last three months, September, October, and November, so far as I have seen or heard of it, has had certain features which, from a practical point of view, it seems desirable to notice while the epidemic is still prevalent.The characters to which I allude are these: the high rate of mortality, the liability to relapse, the prolonged duration of the fever and of the con- valescence, the proportion of patients whose recovery was delayed or prevented by intercurrent inflammations, and, most of all, the insidious and misleading nature of the early symptoms.By the favour of my colleagues, Dr. Fincham and Dr. Allchin, I am enabled to enumerate twenty-one consecutive examples of enteric fever admitted into hospital during the period specified.They are as follows: 1.
Photo‐induced Drug Delivery: Cascaded Photoinduced Drug Delivery to Cells from Multifunctional Core–Shell Mesoporous Silica (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2012)
Authors: Axel Schloßbauer, Anna M. Sauer, Valentina Cauda, Alexandra Schmidt, Hanna Engelke, Ulrich Rothbauer, Kourosh Zolghadr, Heinrich Leonhardt, Christoph Bräuchle, Thomas Bein
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

On page 316, Thomas Bein, Christoph Bräuchle, and co-workers present a drug delivery platform based on colloidal mesoporous silica. In order to provide light-triggered, intracellular drug release, photosensitizers are attached to the particles surface. The light-generated singlet oxygen is used to destroy a supported lipid bilayer and the endosomal membrane in a cascaded manner, leading to the release of bioactive species into the cytosol. Confocal fluorescence microscopy is used to characterize the release processes.
RGDN peptide interaction with endothelial alpha5beta1 integrin causes sustained endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction of rat skeletal muscle arterioles.
Authors: J E Mogford, G E Davis, G A Meininger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The ability of an integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp-Asn (RGDN)- containing peptide to influence vascular tone by interacting with the alpha5beta1 integrin was studied using rat skeletal muscle arterioles. After blockade of beta3 integrin function, isolated arterioles with spontaneous tone showed concentration-dependent vasoconstrictions to topical application of GRGDNP, a peptide that shows a greater ability to interact with alpha5beta1 than with alphavbeta3. The constriction to GRGDNP (2.1 mM) was inhibited by blocking alpha5 integrin function, and was intensified by blocking beta3 integrin function. In contrast, GRGDSP, a peptide that interacts better with alphavbeta3, was unable to induce sustained constrictions. Removal of the endothelium abolished the vasoconstriction in response to GRGDNP, suggesting that the response was due to release of an endothelium-dependent factor. Indeed, blockade of ETA endothelin receptors with BQ-610 (1 microM), similar to removal of the endothelium and alpha5 integrin blockade, inhibited the vasoconstriction. These data indicate that interaction of RGD peptides, and in particular the RGDN sequence with endothelial cell alpha5beta1, causes endothelin-mediated arteriolar vasoconstriction. These results indicate that integrins are novel signaling receptors within the vascular wall that affect vasomotor tone, and may play an important role in vascular control.
Effect of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin on septic lung injury in guinea pigs.
Authors: W Wang, Y Suzuki, T Tanigaki, D R Rank, T A Raffin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils play a major role in mediating sepsis-induced acute lung injury. To provide insight into whether the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin might attenuate oxidant-induced lung injury, we examined the effect of apocynin on (1) sepsis-induced lung injury in guinea pigs, (2) ROS generation by LPS-stimulated neutrophils measured by chemiluminescence (CL), and (3) LPS-stimulated neutrophil-mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury assessed by 51Cr release. Sepsis-induced lung injury in guinea pigs was assessed by comparing 125I-labeled albumin concentrations in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid relative to plasma (L/P and BAL/P), lung wet-to-dry weight ratios, and the number of neutrophils in BAL fluid. The lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, L/P, and the number of neutrophils in BAL fluid decreased after pretreatment and post-treatment with apocynin. BAL/P decreased upon pretreatment but not upon post-treatment with apocynin. Apocynin at concentrations from 10 to 100 micrograms/ml significantly reduced LPS-stimulated neutrophil CL and neutrophil-mediated HUVEC 51Cr release. We conclude that the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin attenuates (1) sepsis-induced lung injury in guinea pigs, (2) neutrophil ROS generation measured by CL, and (3) neutrophil-mediated HUVEC injury assessed by 51Cr release.
Everything must go
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

![][1] 

The grand entrance went long ago, a sacrifice to safety and the victim of a road improvement scheme. At the former side entrance a notice warns that no responsibility can be accepted for damage to cars parked within the hospital grounds. A winding road leads through wooded grounds to an obvious administration block, the only two storey building on the campus.

In the darkness low bungalow-like wards loom out towards the trees. Only a few are lit. Once there were more than a thousand patients. Now there are scarcely a hundred. I have been asked to see two of them, in separate wards, in a sprawling, dark, …

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Paul Dawson-Edwards
Authors: L. Godfrey, M. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Paul Dawson-Edwards was educated at King Henry VIII School, Coventry, and Birmingham Medical School, qualifying MB ChB in 1943. He married his wife, Jean (a nurse), in 1944. He was resident surgical registrar at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QE) from 1944 to 1946, during which time he was called up to the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). After spending some months stationed in Northallerton, he was appointed squadron leader and sent to the RAF General Hospital in Karachi, specialising in orthopaedics.

In 1948 he spent a year as demonstrator in the anatomy department of the Medical School and then returned as a surgical registrar to the QE. He gained his FRCS in 1951 and became senior surgical registrar in 1953. In 1957 …
Hemangioendothelioma of the Pelvis
Authors: Albert C. Price, Arnold G. Coran, Alan L. Mattern, Robert L. Cochran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

SYSTEMIC arteriovenous malformations have been recognized as a cause of congestive heart failure in infancy.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 In the case reported below a newborn infant had congestive heart failure secondary to a hemangioendothelioma of the pelvis and left buttock. In this case hemodynamic studies were carried out, and palliation was achieved by ligation of the tumor's blood supply.Case ReportA 9-day-old female infant was referred to the Bethesda Naval Hospital because of congestive heart failure. The gestational period and the delivery had been uncomplicated, and the infant weighed 3.6 kg at birth. A cystic mass, 8.0 by 7.5 cm, involving the . . .
The electrophysiological effects of ouabain on sinus node and atrium in man.
Authors: R C Dhingra, F Amat-Y-Leon, C Wyndham, D Wu, P Denes, K M Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Electrophysiological studies were performed in 16 patients before and 30 min after intravenous administration of ouabain (0.1 mg/kg). P-A interval (mean+/-SEM) was 40+/-2.1 ms before and 44+/- 1.5 ms after ouabain (P less than 0.001). Atrial effective and functional refractory periods (ERP and FRP) were measured in all patients during sinus rhythm and during driving at equivalent paced rates in 12 patients. The mean atrial ERP and FRP during sinus rhythm were, respectively, 244+/-10.5 and 307+/-11.0 ms before and 253+/-9.7 and 318+/-11.4 ms after infusion of ouabain (NS). Mean atrial ERP and FRP during driving were, respectively, 231+/-15.3 and 264+/-14.9 ms before and 266+/-18.6 and 296+/-19.7 ms after ouabain (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.01). Mean sinus cycle length and sinus recovery times were, respectively, 887+/-31.2 and 1,113+/-38.7 ms before and 905+/-38.2 and 1,008+/-30.7 ms after infusion of ouabain (NS and P less than 0.005). Calculated sinoatrial conduction times before and after ouabain were 90+/-6.8 and 110+/-8.5 ms, respectively (P less than 0.005). In summary, ouabain produced depression of intraatrial conduction as manifested by increase in P-A interval and atrial effective and functional refractory periods. Ouabain significantly increased calculated sinoatrial conduction time without significant effect on spontaneous sinus cycle length.
Prolonged Staphylococcemia
Authors: Harold G. Blog, Charles A. R. Connor, Walter Newman, Michael Kenney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE course of staphylococcal septicemia is usually acute and fulminating, and, before the advent of antibiotics, the outcome was invariably fatal. With the introduction of antibiotics numerous cures were reported,1 but since 1949, with the development of antibiotic resistance, staphylococcal infections have been more difficult to eradicate.2 , 3 It is the purpose of this paper to report a case of staphylococcemia of over two years' duration.Case ReportA 23-year-old Negro was well until October, 1951, when, while in the Army in Japan, he had a perirectal abscess, which was incised and drained. He received no antibiotics at this time. Three . . .
On the Treatment of Fibroids of the Uterus by Electricity: The Apparatus and Instruments
Authors: W. W. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1887)

QUI UTI SCIT, El BONA.'So it always has been, and so it is now.Men knew something about the power of steam before Watt made it useful.Electricity was a matter of interest before Franklin raised his first conductor.The Hunters and Bell thought and wrote about ovariotomy, but it was not ventured upon till McDowell saw how to do it and dared to do it.Others, with the principle of electrolysis in their heads, have made only imperfect attempts to apply it to the reduction of fibromas.Apostoli, by devising a simple manceuvre, has succeeded in making it effectual.Knowing how to control the power in his hands, he does what others had tried to do.Es bowta.What was the problem before him ?To relieve the symptoms caused by utexine fibroids, to check their growth, and, if possible, to get rid of them.Therapeutics and surgery had met with but partial success from all that was tried and all that was done.It would be useless to
O-GlcNAcylation increases non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP)
Authors: Kristin Jacobsen, Kerstin Iverfeldt
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Here, we show that O-GlcNAcase and O-GlcNAc transferase regulate the level of APP that is immunoprecipitated with O-GlcNAc antibody in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We also show that O-GlcNAcylation increases a-secretase processing, resulting in increased levels of the neuroprotective sAPPa fragment and decreased Ab secretion. The proteolytic processing of the APP homologue, APLP2, remained unchanged in response to increased O-GlcNAcylation. Furthermore, the effect of O-GlcNacylation on APP processing seems to be specific for neuron-like cells, since the levels of sAPPa from the human embryonic kidney cell-line HEK293 remains unchanged in response to inhibition of O-GlcNAcase, whereas the neuroblastoma cell-line SK-N-AS show increased sAPPa levels, but not to the same extent as in SH-SY5Y cells.
Idiopathic Palsy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Transient Cranial Mononeuropathy
Authors: J. N. Blau, R. Kapadia
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Unilateral vocal cord palsy can be a benign condition with a reasonable chance of spontaneous recovery. Analysis of 21 selected patients has shown that 5 recovered completely and another 5 improved within months of the onset. The remaining 11 patients developed no major disease during the subsequent one to eight years.
Association of AKI With mortality and complications in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Justin M. Belcher, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Arun J. Sanyal, Harjit Bhogal, Joseph K. Lim, Naheed Ansari, Steven G. Coca, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating complication in patients with cirrhosis. However, the definitions of AKI employed in studies involving patients with cirrhosis have not been standardized, lack sensitivity, and are often limited to narrow clinical settings. We conducted a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study of patients with cirrhosis and AKI, drawn from multiple hospital wards, utilizing the modern acute kidney injury network (AKIN) definition and assessed the association between AKI severity and progression with in-hospital mortality. Of the 192 patients who were enrolled and included in the study, 85 (44%) progressed to a higher AKIN stage after initially fulfilling AKI criteria. Patients achieved a peak severity of AKIN stage 1, 26%, stage 2, 24%, and stage 3, 49%. The incidence of mortality, general medical events (bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection), and cirrhosis-specific complications (ascites, encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) increased with severity of AKI. Progression was significantly more common and peak AKI stage higher in nonsurvivors than survivors ( P &lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for baseline renal function, demographics, and critical hospital- and cirrhosis-associated variables, progression of AKI was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-11.1). Conclusion: AKI, as defined by AKIN criteria, in patients with cirrhosis is frequently progressive and severe and is independently associated with mortality in a stage-dependent fashion. Methods for earlier diagnosis of AKI and its progression may result in improved outcomes by facilitating targeted and timely treatment of AKI.