tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 453: Immune cell profile of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients .
Authors: Anita Mohos, Timea Sebestyen, Gabriella Liszkay, Vanda Plotar, Szabolcs Horvath, Istvan Gaudi, Andrea Ladanyi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Besides being a preferential site of early metastasis, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is also a privileged site of T-cell priming, and may thus be an appropriate target for investigating cell types involved in antitumor immune reactions. We determined the prevalence of OX40+ activated T lymphocytes, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, DC-LAMP+ mature dendritic cells (DCs) and CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs by immunohistochemistry in 100 SLNs from 60 melanoma patients. Density values of each cell type in SLNs were compared to those in non-sentinel nodes obtained from block dissections (n=37), and analyzed with regard to associations with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcome. Sentinel nodes showed elevated amount of all cell types studied in comparison to non-sentinel nodes. Metastatic SLNs had higher density of OX40+ lymphocytes compared to tumor-negative nodes, while no significant difference was observed in the case of the other cell types studied. Within the sentinel-positive group, FOXP3+ cell density was higher in patients showing disease progression and &amp;gt;5 years survival than in those without progression and &amp;lt;5 years survival, respectively, or in sentinel-negative cases. High amount of FOXP3+ cells in SLNs was associated with shorter progression-free (P=0.0203) and overall survival (P=0.0238), while no significant correlation was found in the case of the other immune cell types. In multivariate analysis, SLN status, ulceration, Breslow index and patient gender, but not the density values of the immune cell types, proved significant independent predictors of survival. Taken together, our results are compatible with the hypothesis of functional competence of sentinel lymph nodes based on the prevalence of the studied immune cells. The density of FOXP3+ lymphocytes showed association with progression and survival, but none of the immune markers emerged as independent prognostic factor. These results, together with our previous findings on the prognostic value of activated T cells and mature DCs infiltrating primary melanomas, suggest that immune cells residing in the primary tumor, rather than those in sentinel lymph nodes, may be crucial in the development of antitumor immune response reflected in influencing the outcome of the disease. This work was supported by the National Scientific Research Fund OTKA 72836. *The first two authors contributed equally to the work. Citation Format: Anita Mohos, Timea Sebestyen, Gabriella Liszkay, Vanda Plotar, Szabolcs Horvath, Istvan Gaudi, Andrea Ladanyi. Immune cell profile of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 453. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-453
Patients who have new types of hip and knee replacement are more likely to need revision
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

People who have hip replacement surgery are nearly three times more likely to need a revision operation within three years if their joint is resurfaced rather than fully replaced and cemented, shows a review of procedures carried out by the NHS in England.

Patients whose knee replacement operation involves a unicondylar prosthesis also fare worse than patients given a traditional knee prosthesis, concluded the study, which linked records from the National Joint Registry and the Department of Health’s hospital episode statistics ( PLoS Medicine doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050179).

The study tracked more than 150 000 people who underwent a hip or knee replacement between April 2003 and September 2006 in the NHS in …
The Expanding Role of Systemic Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ezra E.W. Cohen, Mark W. Lingen, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has evolved greatly in the last two decades, owing to the integration of chemotherapy, advances in radiotherapeutic techniques, and organ-preserving surgery. Several randomized trials have established new standards of care that should be adopted. Current efforts are building on these earlier trials in order to improve survival and quality of life. Coincident with this, investigators are developing molecularly targeted approaches that hold promise for the future. This review will focus on current therapy for locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic SCCHN and discuss controversies and directions for future research.
Are humans cooperative breeders?: Most studies of natural fertility populations do not support the grandmother hypothesis
Authors: Beverly I. Strassmann, Nikhil T. Kurapati
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract In discussing the effects of grandparents on child survival in natural fertility populations, Coall &amp; Hertwig (C&amp;H) rely extensively on the review by Sear and Mace (2008). We conducted a more detailed summary of the same literature and found that the evidence in favor of beneficial associations between grandparenting and child survival is generally weak or absent. The present state of the data on human alloparenting supports a more restricted use of the term “cooperative breeding.” Human stem family situations with celibate helpers-at-the-nest can be described as cooperatively breeding, but the term is a poor fit to many human family systems.
Respite care on a children's ward
Authors: L. B Cooke, R. M Walters
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Respite care on a children's ward Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Blood flow in pulmonary veins: II The influence of events transmitted from the right and left sides of the heart
Authors: B. RAJAGOPALAN, J. A. FRIEND, T. STALLARD, G. D. J. LEE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article Blood flow in pulmonary veins: II The influence of events transmitted from the right and left sides of the heart Get access B. RAJAGOPALAN, B. RAJAGOPALAN 1 From the Cardiac Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford 1Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Dr B. Rajagopalan, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. FRIEND, J. A. FRIEND From the Cardiac Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. STALLARD, T. STALLARD From the Cardiac Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. DE J. LEE G. DE J. LEE From the Cardiac Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 12, December 1979, Pages 677–683, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.12.677 Published: 01 December 1979
EVALUATION OF AORTIC ROOT FOR DEFINITION OF PROSTHESIS SIZE BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Ralf Koos, Ertunc Altiok, Andreas Horst Mahnken, Mirja Neizel, Guido Dohmen, Nikolaus Marx, Harald Kühl, Rainer Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Compatible organic osmolytes in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Christian Weik, Ulrich Warskulat, Johannes Bode, Thorsten Peters-Regehr, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Compatible organic osmolytes, such as betaine and taurine are involved in the regulation of Kupffer cell (KC) function, but nothing is known about osmolytes in liver endothelial cells. This was investigated here by studying the effect of aniso-osmotic exposure of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) on osmolyte transport and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for the transport systems for betaine (BGT1), taurine (TAUT), and myo-inositol (SMIT). Compared with normo-osmotic exposure (305 mosmol/L), hyperosmotic exposure (405 mosmol/L) of SEC led to an increase in the mRNA levels for these transport systems and simultaneously to a stimulation of betaine, taurine, and myo-inositol uptake, which led to an increase of cell volume. Conversely, hypo-osmotic exposure decreased osmolyte uptake. When hyperosmotically pre-exposed SEC were loaded with betaine, taurine, or myo-inositol, hypo-osmotic stress stimulated the efflux of these osmolytes from the cells. Studies on osmolyte tissue levels revealed that taurine was an important compatible organic osmolyte under normo-osmotic conditions and predominantly released following hypo-osmotic stress. Conversely, following hyperosmotic exposure, the increase in cellular betaine and myo-inositol exceeded that of taurine. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated SEC, hyperosmotic exposure markedly raised the mRNA levels for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The increase of COX-2 mRNA levels was counteracted by betaine and taurine and, to a lesser extent, by myo-inositol. The findings indicate that SEC use taurine, betaine, and myo-inositol as compatible organic osmolytes.
Abstract 931: The combination of the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor AZD2014 and paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer models
Authors: Adam Stewart, Parames Thavasu, Simon Heaton, Susana Banerjee, Stan B. Kaye, Udai Banerji
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Weekly administration of paclitaxel is increasingly used to treat patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. We have previously reported that activation of the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase pathway as measured by p-p70S6K is associated with resistance to chemotherapy in studies using ovarian cancer cells isolated from ascites (Carden et al, 101st AACR Annual Meeting, 2010; Abstract no. 788). We thus set out to explore the combination of paclitaxel and an inhibitor of the mTORC1/2 complex, AZD2014, in ovarian cancer cell line models. Purpose We aimed to study the effects of combining paclitaxel and the mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014 on growth inhibition in a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines. We also studied the effects of drug administration schedule on growth inhibition. Methods A panel of 5 human ovarian cell lines was studied: A2780, CH1, SKOV3, IGROV and OVCAR-3. The effects of paclitaxel and AZD2014 administered concomitantly on cell growth were studied using 96hr sulforhodamine B assays. Combination indices (CI) were calculated using median effect analysis and a one-sided t-test was performed to calculate significant differences from a hypothetical value of 1 (indicating additivity). All experiments were carried out in triplicate. Results The combination was additive when drugs were administered concomitantly. In addition, in A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines exposed to paclitaxel followed by AZD2014 the combination indices were 1.112 and 1.099 respectively. Conclusion AZD2014, a novel mTORC1/2 inhibitor, and paclitaxel have additive growth inhibitory effects in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines when administered concomitantly. Further experiments to understand the effects of this combination on apoptosis and signal transduction are ongoing. The combination of AZD2014 and paclitaxel has potential applications in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 931. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-931
MICRO-KAHN REACTIONS
Authors: R. L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1926)

It is not generally recognized among physicians that the Kahn test can be performed with a drop or even half a drop of serum with a high degree of accuracy. In isolated cases, especially when drawing blood from infants, it is often difficult to obtain 1 cc., the minimum amount required for a regular three-tube Kahn test. In such cases, this laboratory, during the last several years, has been reporting to physicians the results of a one-tube test, utilizing the amount of serum available. One of the basic requirements of the Kahn reaction is the use of correct proportions of serum and antigen.<sup>1</sup>When this is adhered to, any measurable amounts of serum and antigen can be utilized in performing a Kahn test. The following plan is being carried out when sufficient serum (0.45 cc.) is not available for a complete three-tube Kahn test:
Human and rat hepatic stellate cells express neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors
Authors: David Cassiman, Carl Denef, Valeer J. Desmet, Tania Roskams
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors in non-neural tissue is related to tissue remodeling, differentiation, proliferation and migration of target cells. The literature yields contradictory results on neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression in the liver. We show immunoreactivity to antibodies to nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophin (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5), the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 and the high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (Trk) B and C in hepatic stellate cells and weak reactivity for BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 in hepatocytes, in cryosections of human and rat liver, in normal and varying pathologic conditions. Immunoreactivity is unequivocally localized to hepatic stellate cells by double staining with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin, studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Finally, the presence of mRNA transcripts for the different neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors, with the exception of Trk-B, is shown by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on RNA extracted from freshly isolated rat hepatic stellate cells, compared with hepatocyte RNA. Hepatocyte RNA was found to contain BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5 mRNA (which is compatible with the immunohistochemical findings) and Trk-A mRNA. In conclusion, hepatic stellate cells are a source of several neurotrophins in the liver and they express neurotrophin receptors. These findings correspond with the known involvement of hepatic stellate cells in tissue remodeling, their production of extracellular matrix components and their proliferation in acute necrotizing liver pathology. In analogy with findings in other organs and systems, neurotrophins are hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of liver disease.
The Hairy Polyp: a Benign Teratoma of the Colon
Authors: K. Mauer, J. D. Waye, B. S. Lewis, A. H. Szporn
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

A 76-year-old female presented with bright red rectal bleeding. Endoscopic evaluation revealed a polypoid lesion sprouting hair in the sigmoid colon. Histologically the resected polyp was composed of elements of all three germ layers, fulfilling the criteria for a teratoma. The differential diagnosis of this benign polyp and its significance are discussed.
Blood-Group-A-like Substances in Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: Steven M. Croft, Mark P. Jarrett, Edward L. Snyder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1982Blood-Group-A-like Substances in Pneumococcal VaccineSTEVEN M. CROFT, M.D., MARK P. JARRETT, M.D., EDWARD L. SNYDER, M.D.STEVEN M. CROFT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARK P. JARRETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD L. SNYDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-284_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the report by Siber and associates (1) and wish to report our experience that corroborates their findings. In order to investigate the in-vivo immune response in systemic lupus erythematosus, 18 patients were immunized with the pneumococcal vaccine Pneumovax (Lot 2045D, Merck, Sharp and Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania). Seven healthy volunteers were also immunized, and eight non-immunized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus served as controls. Sera were collected at the time of vaccination and 4 to 6 weeks after immunization. In view of previous reports (2, 3) we assayed the serum samples for anti-A...References1. SIBERAMBROSINOGORGONE GDB. Blood-group-A-like substance in a preparation of pneumococcal vaccine. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:580-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BOYERTHERAVUTHICHAIVOGELORLINIGOTOFF KJLAS. Antibody response to group B streptococcus type III and AB blood group antigens induced by pneumococcal vaccine. J Pediatr. 1981;98:374-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NOEL A. Anti-A isoagglutinins and pneumococcal vaccine. Lancet. 1981;2:687-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MARSH W. Scoring of hemagglutination reactions. Transfusion. 1972;12:352-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ZINGALESANCHEZ AVALOSANDRADASTRINGEMANNI SJJSJ. Appearance of anticoagulant factors and certain "autoimmune" antibodies following antigenic stimulation with blood group substances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1963;6:581-98. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1982Volume 97, Issue 2Page: 284-284KeywordsImmune responseLupus erythematosusVaccines Issue Published: 1 August 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
INFLUENCE OF HOST FACTORS ON NEUROINVASIVENESS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, Peter K. Olitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. After intracerebral injection or nasal instillation of vesicular stomatitis virus in young or old mice, there was no evidence of a generalized, systemic or blood infection. 2. Within 1 hour after nasal instillation of as much as 100,000 M.C.L.D. in young or old mice, no virus (i.e., less than 60 to 70 M.C.L.D.) could be demonstrated in the nasal mucosa. 2 days later and thereafter virus was abundant in the nasal mucosa of young mice, while among old mice it remained undemonstrable in some and present in small amount in others. 3. Virus was not detected in the anterior rhinencephalon of young and old mice within a few minutes and 5 hours after nasal instillation, but was almost uniformly demonstrable in this region, although not in the rest of the brain, on the 2nd day. This indicated that the primary invasion of the brain occurred by the olfactory rather than the fifth nerve pathway. 4. The essential difference in the further pathogenesis of the disease between the young mice which succumb with encephalomyelitis (5th day) and the old mice which survive without showing clinical signs of brain involvement, is in the progression of the virus from the anterior rhinencephalon. In the young the rest of the brain is invaded, while in the old resistant mice it is not, the progression of virus being arrested somewhere in the anterior rhinencephalon. 5. Since minimal amounts of virus injected intracerebrally were shown to be disseminated quickly through the entire brain, killing old as well as young mice, it was clear that virus so inoculated must spread differently from that which reaches the brain by the olfactory pathway. 6. That the arrest of virus progression in the brains of certain old mice is the result of a preexisting, localized barrier, developed with age, and is not due to a rapidly acquired, specific, cerebral immunity was shown by the failure of old mice to resist an intracerebral injection of 1 to 10 M.C.L.D., 2, 3, 4, or 5 days after preliminary nasal instillation.
The Antiseptic Versus the Antitoxin Treatment of Diphtheria.
Authors: W. H. Burr
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am not informed whether it is your custom to admit to your columns criticisms of papers appearing therein, but upon reading the paper of Dr. Braymer in the issue of November 27, I am tempted to test the facts in that direction. The point which the paper attempts to cover: "Is, or Is Not Antitoxin the Best Treatment Offered for the Cure of Diphtheria," is one that we supposed had been definitely settled through exhaustive clinical experience, covering a period of time sufficient, it would seem, to justify an affirmative answer in the minds of the most captious. On the contrary, like Banquo's ghost, the subject will not down, and following the usual experience in medical investigation, need we expect it to be set at rest for a century to come? Parallel cases may be cited to prove the likelihood of
TCT-418 24h Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABPM) Change After Using The New Symplicity Spyral Renal Sympathetic Denervation Device In Patients With Resistant Hypertension – First Results From The Halle-RDN-Registry
Authors: Alexander Plehn, Wolf Baeumler, Alexander Vogt, Daniel Medenwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inhibition of Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis and Survival in a Murine Model of Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis
Authors: Craig M. Coopersmith
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextIncreased intestinal epithelial apoptosis is present in both human autopsy studies and animal models of sepsis. Whether altering gut apoptosis decreases mortality in sepsis induced by pathogenic bacteria outside the gut is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine if decreasing levels of intestinal cell death improves survival in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia–induced sepsis.Design and MaterialsProspective study in which transgenic mice that overexpress the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in their intestinal epithelium (n = 25) and control littermates (n = 26) were subjected to intratracheal injection of P aeruginosa.Main Outcome MeasuresSurvival at 7 postoperative days, compared between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes included quantification of gut epithelial apoptosis.ResultsSurvival in transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in the intestinal epithelium was 40% (10/25) compared with 4% (1/26) in control littermates 7 days after intratracheal injection of P aeruginosa (P = .001), with differences in survival noted within 24 hours of surgery. Overexpression of Bcl-2 was associated with a decrease in gut epithelial apoptosis demonstrated by active caspase 3 staining, the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, and hematoxylin-eosin staining.ConclusionsIn this murine model, inhibiting gut epithelial apoptosis by overexpression of Bcl-2 was associated with a survival advantage in P aeruginosa pneumonia–induced sepsis. These results suggest that intestinal epithelial apoptosis may play a role in sepsis-related mortality.