tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum Despite Treatment with Antibacterial Eye-drops
Authors: C. B. S. Schofield, R. A. Shanks
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Over a five-year period, 1964-8, 48 cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum were notified to the department of venereology in Glasgow. Thirty-seven babies were born in hospital and 11 at home. The conjunctivitis, usually recorded as a “sticky eye,” developed between 1 and 13 days of birth, 36 by the fourth day. Diagnosis by culture of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> was delayed in some cases up to 30 days after the appearance of the signs for those born in hospital and 15 days for those born at home, usually because of the blind use of antibacterial eye-drops which produced temporary alleviation of the signs without eradicating the infection; chloramphenicol was noteworthy in this respect. A “sticky eye” will resolve without the use of antibacterial agents, ophthalmia neonatorum will not. When it is decided to use an antibacterial agent pretreatment conjunctival smears for immediate staining and swabs for culture should be taken and the case notified to the medical officer of health. Gonococcal ophthalmia is a preventable disease. In view of the obstetricians9 already heavily committed clinical work load there is need for venereologists to collaborate, on consultation and within the maternity hospitals wherever possible, in the screening of antenatal patients for candidiasis and trichomoniasis as well as for gonorrhoea. Some target groups, those with a pathological vaginal discharge or with certain adverse social factors, warrant more thorough investigation, while all those treated require further examination to ensure cure.
The Fox Case
Authors: Richard A. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MANAGEMENT decisions in medicine, even those involving preservation of life, are profoundly personal. They are like gloves to be fit to a particular hand. For this reason, age-old wisdom has urged that decision making in health care, if it is to remain truly human and in the patient's best interest, should be controlled within the patient-family-physician relationship, always maintaining the right of appeal against potential abuses, of course. Three rather impersonal factors (high technology, cost-containment considerations, and public entities such as the law and the courts) are becoming increasingly influential in medical treatment. Impersonal forces tend to preprogram treatment and are thus a threat to all of us. That is why I see a very ominous drift in the recent New York appellate court resolution of the Fox case. On Oct 2, 1979, Brother Joseph Charles Fox, an 83-year-old member of the Society of Mary, suffered severe cardiorespiratory arrest during
Highly Restricted T Cell Repertoire Shaped by a Single Major Histocompatibility Complex–Peptide Ligand in the Presence of a Single Rearranged T Cell Receptor β Chain
Authors: Yoshinori Fukui, Osamu Hashimoto, Ayumi Inayoshi, Takahiro Gyotoku, Tetsuro Sano, Takahiro Koga, Toshifumi Gushima, Takehiko Sasazuki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The T cell repertoire is shaped by positive and negative selection of thymocytes through the interaction of α/β-T cell receptors (TCR) with self-peptides bound to self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, the involvement of specific TCR-peptide contacts in positive selection remains unclear. By fixing TCR-β chains with a single rearranged TCR-β irrelevant to the selecting ligand, we show here that T cells selected to mature on a single MHC–peptide complex express highly restricted TCR-α chains in terms of Vα usage and amino acid residue of their CDR3 loops, whereas such restriction was not observed with those selected by the same MHC with diverse sets of self-peptides including this peptide. Thus, we visualized the TCR structure required to survive positive selection directed by this single ligand. Our findings provide definitive evidence that specific recognition of self-peptides by TCR could be involved in positive selection of thymocytes.
The relations between expiratory chest CT using helical CT and pulmonary function tests in emphysema.
Authors: S Eda, K Kubo, K Fujimoto, Y Matsuzawa, M Sekiguchi, F Sakai
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function tests are usually used for the evaluation of emphysema. We performed the present study to evaluate more accurately the relationship between the degree of morphological change and the functional abnormality in emphysema. We used a helical CT apparatus to obtain the CT images both at full inspiration and full expiration. We classed the degree of emphysema into 5 grades (0-4) by visual observation on CT image obtained at the two levels, upper and lower fields, on each side. We assigned each of these grades a visual score. We also calculated the average ratio of CT numbers of each of the lung fields at full expiration to that at full inspiration for each level. We designated this the E/I ratio. We then examined the relationship between the findings acquired by each of these two methods and pulmonary function test results. The visual score showed correlations with FEV1(% predicted) (-0.592, p < 0.0001), RV/TLC(%)(0.425, p < 0.025), and DL(CO)/VA(% predicted)(-0.538, p < 0.0001). The E/I ratio showed correlations with FEV1(% predicted) (-0.620, p < 0.0001), RV/TLC(%)(0.661, p < 0.0001), and DL(CO)/VA(% predicted) (-0.299, p < 0.05). Compared with the E/I ratio, the visual score showed much higher correlation with DL(CO)/VA(% predicted), but the E/I ratio showed stronger correlation with RV/TLC(%) than did the visual score. The visual score may reflect the degree of emphysema, whereas the E/I ratio reflects the air trapping. These findings suggest that the helical CT is useful in the evaluation of emphysematous changes and that the E/I ratio reflects the air trapping.
Effects of thyroid hormone on alpha-actin and myosin heavy chain gene expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles of the rat: measurement of mRNA content using synthetic oligonucleotide probes.
Authors: T A Gustafson, B E Markham, E Morkin
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Effects of thyroid hormone on alpha-actin and myosin heavy chain gene expression were compared in ventricle, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles of hypothyroid rats. Changes in mRNA content were analyzed using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to the unique 3' untranslated regions of four striated myosin heavy chain mRNAs and cardiac and skeletal muscle alpha-actin mRNAs. The results indicate that daily treatment with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (2 micrograms/100 g body weight) increased alpha-myosin heavy chain mRNA content in heart muscle by 500% and decreased beta-myosin heavy chain mRNA by 65% within 48 hours. beta-mRNA in extensor digitorum longus was decreased by 60% at 48 hours while in soleus, beta-mRNA levels were not affected by 9 weeks of treatment. Fast IIa mRNA was present in small amounts in hypothyroid soleus and increased by 150% and 200% after 7 and 9 weeks of thyroid hormone administration, respectively. Fast IIb mRNA also was found in hypothyroid soleus and a small increase (60%) was observed after 1 day of treatment. In extensor digitorum longus, Fast IIb mRNA increased by 200% and Fast IIa mRNA decreased by 50% after 1 week of treatment. When larger daily doses of thyroid hormone (15 micrograms/100 g body weight) were administered, similar changes in mRNA levels were observed, except that beta-mRNA content of soleus muscle was decreased slightly (25%). Expression of the cardiac form of alpha-actin was induced transiently in ventricle, but the skeletal form of alpha-actin mRNA in soleus and extensor digitorum longus did not change significantly after thyroid hormone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular and biochemical testing in stage III melanoma: multimarker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay of lymph fluid after lymph node dissection and preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase level
Authors: Z.I. Nowecki, P. Rutkowski, J. Kulik, J.A. Siedlecki, W. Ruka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Molecular and biochemical testing in stage III melanoma: multimarker reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay of lymph fluid after lymph node dissection and preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase level Get access Z.I. Nowecki, Z.I. Nowecki Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Rutkowski, P. Rutkowski Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma Correspondence: Piotr Rutkowski. E‐mail: rutkowskip@coi.waw.pl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kulik, J. Kulik Department of Molecular Biology, M. Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Str. 5, 02‐781 Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Siedlecki, J.A. Siedlecki Department of Molecular Biology, M. Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Str. 5, 02‐781 Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Ruka W. Ruka Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 3, 1 September 2008, Pages 597–605, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08710.x Published: 01 September 2008
Training in obstetrics.
Authors: S M Blunt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

however, lie with the contracting process.Will purchasers preferentially buy services from providers with an explicit commitment to managing human resources effectively, even if this entails a price in terms of volume for the increase in quality?Will providers budget for the undoubted costs of education?The problems of junior house officers are well known and have been largely ignored as they worsen.Doctors in the Making gives a comprehensive analysis of these problems and offers a welcome means for their resolution.The medical and nursing professions and the NHS management should have the will to implement the solutions at ward level, acknowledging that a complete solution has to address what is a complicated, multifaceted, and linked series of problems.
Smallpox, October 1945
Authors: Murray Dworetzky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Because of terrorism, we may be reviving smallpox vaccination. I had some experience with smallpox while stationed in Nagoya, Japan, in October 1945 with the 229th General Hospital. Joseph B. Kirsner, professor of medicine at the University of Chicago, was chief of gastroenterology at the hospital at that time and confirms the details of my recollections. Over a period of several weeks, we admitted 22 service personnel with smallpox. The initial case was diagnosed at autopsy, but subsequent cases were diagnosed quite early. The disease began with a high fever, with the temperature exceeding 40°C and then . . .
Prospective comparative study of culture specimens and methods in diagnosing influenza in adults
Authors: M. L Schmid, G. Kudesia, S. Wake, R. C Read
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Influenza is diagnosed by culturing influenza virus in respiratory secretions. 1 Although childhood infection with respiratory syncytial virus is detected by culturing nasopharyngeal aspirates, in adults with influenza throat swabs are generally taken.This report compares culture of nasopharyngeal aspirates with culture of throat swabs and rapid culture methods with standard methods in detecting influenza virus.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis and Raynaud's phenomenon complicated by digital gangrene
Authors: K-A. Jang, Y-S. Lim, J-H. Choi, K-J. Sung, K-C. Moon, J-K. Koh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis is a recently identified type of vasculitis that is characterized by an eosinophil-predominant necrotizing vasculitis affecting small dermal vessels. Clinically, it presents with pruritic erythematous and purpuric papules and plaques, peripheral eosinophilia and a good response to systemic steroid therapy. This vasculitis can be idiopathic or associated with connective tissue diseases. Although the pathogenic roles of eosinophil-derived granule proteins and interleukins have been documented in diseases associated with eosinophilia, a role of CD40 (a glycoprotein of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily) has rarely been described. We describe two patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) presenting with multiple erythematous patches and plaques on the lower extremities and Raynaud's phenomenon. They satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of HES by clinical and laboratory investigations. Histopathology of the cutaneous lesions revealed prominent eosinophilic infiltration with local fibrinoid change in vessel walls in the dermis and subcutis. Immunohistochemical detection of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD40 was performed. Infiltrating eosinophils were strongly stained by anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. One patient improved with prednisolone, pentoxifylline and nifedipine, without recurrence. The other patient initially improved with steroids, but after self-withdrawal of steroid developed digital ischaemia that evolved to severe necrosis and required amputation. Cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis, Raynaud's phenomenon and digital gangrene may develop as cutaneous manifestations of HES. CD40 may play a part in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic vasculitis in HES.
Stem cell markers (cytokeratin 15, CD34 and nestin) in primary scarring and nonscarring alopecia
Authors: M.P. Hoang, M. Keady, M. Mahalingam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Although the pathogenesis of most primary scarring alopecias is poorly understood, recent studies implicate the bulge region as a possible target. Objectives To corroborate these results, we ascertained involvement of follicular bulge stem cells using a panel of antibodies that putatively targeted the same. Methods Antibodies used included anticytokeratin (CK) 15, CD34 and nestin on vertical and horizontal tissue sections of 50 cases of scarring and 34 cases of nonscarring alopecia. Results Comparing expression of these markers in scarring vs. nonscarring alopecia, CK15 was noted in the follicular bulge region in 23 of 43 (53%) vs. 27 of 27 (100%) cases and in the peripheral layer of the outer root sheath (ORS) (upper two-thirds of the follicle) in 50 of 50 (100%) vs. 34 of 34 (100%) cases; CD34 was noted in the peripheral layer of the ORS (below pilar muscle attachment) in 24 of 35 (69%) vs. 18 of 18 (100%) cases; and nestin was noted in the infundibular region in 18 of 46 (39%) vs. seven of 32 (22%) cases and in the inner aspect of the ORS (below pilar muscle attachment) in eight of 31 (26%) vs. 23 of 23 (100%) cases. Conclusions Our findings of differential follicular localization of stem cells underscore follicular progenitor cell heterogeneity and suggest the target in scarring alopecia is not merely follicular bulge stem cells but involves stem cells in the inner and outer aspect of the ORS. Enhanced expression of nestin in the infundibular region in scarring alopecia indicates availability of an accessible, in vivo niche of potential utility as an autologous source of stem cells for therapeutic application.
Hepatitis C carriers must be found and treated to avert crisis
Authors: Paul Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Considerable extra resources to improve detection and treatment rates for hepatitis C are urgently needed to avoid a public health crisis that could overwhelm liver units, says new guidance from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

It calls for high priority to be given to finding cases among former injecting drug users, for the development of new, community based and specialist nurse led services, and for broader access to treatment.

The guidance also says it is no longer essential to carry out a liver biopsy to determine the selection of …
Dendrimers as carrier protein mimetics for IgE antibody recognition: Synthesis and characterization of densely penicilloylated dendrimers
Authors: C Mayorga, MJ Torres, E Pérez-Inestrosa, F Sánchez-Sancho, MI Montañez, JL Rodriguez-Bada, A Romano, R Suau, M Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Mineralization behavior with mesenchymal stromal cells in a biomimetic hyaluronic acid-based scaffold
Authors: Cristina Manferdini, Vincenzo Guarino, Nicoletta Zini, Maria Grazia Raucci, Andrea Ferrari, Francesco Grassi, Elena Gabusi, Stefano Squarzoni, Andrea Facchini, Luigi Ambrosio, Gina Lisignoli
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
α-Smooth muscle actin-positive perisinusoidal stromal cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hideaki Enzan, Hiromi Himeno, Shinichi Iwamura, Saburo Onishi, Toshiji Saibara, Yasutake Yamamoto, Hiroshi Hara
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the morphological characteristics and functional significance of the perisinusoidal stromal cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver specimens surgically resected from 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and desmin. In the tissue space between endothelial cells and trabeculae of cancer cells, the stromal cells were frequently found. They were strongly positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, weakly and less frequently positive for vimentin but negative for desmin. They varied in shape, size and distribution, stretching cytoplasmic processes and occasionally surrounding the trabeculae of cancer cells. They contained considerable amounts of microfilaments that were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and condensed in cell periphery. Along the cell membrane, the short dense areas and pinocytotic vesicles were seen. The external lamina incompletely invested the stromal cells. They were always surrounded by amorphous material. In the granulation tissue and fibrotic areas around necrotic cancer tissue, they were increased in size and number. On the other hand, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, they closely resembled the Ito cells in the piecemeal necrosis that showed myofibroblastic transformation. These results suggest that the perisinusoidal stromal cells in nonnecrotic cancer tissue produce the extracellular matrix in the tissue space and maintain the cancerous trabecular structure. After necrosis of cancer tissue, they may become activated and actively participate in the fibrosis.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden
Authors: Ingemar Turesson, Stephanie A. Kovalchik, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Lynn R. Goldin, Mark T. Drayson, Ola Landgren
Journal: Blood (2013)
False-Positive Uptake of Tc-99m Penta-DMSA in Fibrous Dysplasia of Breast in a Patient With Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid
Authors: AYSE MUDUN, SEHER UNAL, RIDVAN ILHAN, RECAI AKTAY, MISTEN DEMIRYONT, SEMA CANTEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Tc-99m penta-DMSA has been established as a tumorseeking agent in the detection of primary and metastatic medullary carcinoma of thyroid. In a case with Sipple's syndrome (pheochromocytoma and medullary carcinoma of thyroid) the Tc-99m penta-DMSA scan showed increased accumulation in the right breast, in which there was a mass shown by MRI.
Biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: J. Dumonceau
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The access route used for draining unresectable biliary obstructions located at the hilum usually depends on the proximal extent of the obstruction: the endoscopic route is usually chosen in Bismuth types II and III lesions whereas the percutaneous route may be preferred for Bismuth type IV lesions. In the study by Saluja et al. 54 patients with Bismuth type II or III hilar obstruction were randomized for the placement of a single 10-Fr plastic stent via either the percutaneous route or the endoscopic route [1]. Hilar obstruction was related to gallbladder cancer in all patients. Successful drainage was defined as a reduction in bilirubin below 50 % of baseline value within 7 days after the procedure. An intention-to-treat analysis of the data was conducted.
Trends in Mortality, Morbidity, and Risk Factor Levels for Stroke From 1960 Through 1990
Authors: Paul G. McGovern, Gregory L. Burke, J. Michael Sprafka, Songlin Xue, Aaron R. Folsom, Henry Blackburn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The Minnesota Heart Survey is a population-based study designed to monitor and explain trends in cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and risk factors.Surveillance time-trends study.The following trends were examined among men and women aged 25 to 74 years living in Minneapolis-St Paul, Minn: (1) stroke mortality from 1960 through 1990; (2) risk factors in population-based surveys conducted in 1973 through 1974, 1980 through 1982, and 1985 through 1987; and (3) morbidity in a 50% sample of hospitalized discharges for acute-stroke in 1970, 1980, and 1985.Stroke mortality in Minneapolis-St Paul declined slowly from 1960 through 1972 (average fall, 2.4% per year), dropped sharply from 1972 through 1984 (average fall, 6.5% per year), but exhibited little change thereafter (average fall, 1.5% per year). The average level of cardiovascular disease risk factors fell from 1973-1974 to 1985-1987, with the exception of body mass index. In particular, hypertension diagnosis, treatment, and control levels improved substantially between 1973-1974 and 1980-1982, although there was little improvement after 1980-1982. While discharge rates for hospital-coded acute stroke declined substantially between 1970 and 1985 in both sexes, no clear trend was observed in definite stroke rates as validated using standard clinical criteria. Twenty-eight-day case fatality rates of definite stroke improved significantly from 1970 to 1985.The substantial decline in stroke mortality of more than 50% from 1960 through 1990 appears to have been attributable to both primary and secondary prevention. These data suggest that the long decline in stroke mortality and morbidity in Minneapolis-St Paul has plateaued, although improved detection of stroke with computed tomography prevents an unequivocal conclusion.
Antenatal Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Jason C. Birnholz, Frederic D. Frigoletto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

PERCUTANEOUS cephalocentesis without ultrasound is used as an adjunct to the delivery of a fetus with massive cranial enlargement due to hydrocephalus.1 The procedure carries substantial risks of fetal morbidity and is selected when cranial dimensions preclude uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Precise antenatal evaluation of the intracranial anatomy and selective guidance for percutaneous needle placement are complementary methods of ultrasound imaging for the early diagnosis and potential treatment of hydrocephalus.Ultrasonically guided percutaneous needle placement was used for the antenatal management of a case of progressive hydrocephalus detected at a gestational age of 24 weeks. Six serial, atraumatic, cephalocenteses with withdrawal . . .