tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stat proteins and oncogenesis
Authors: Jacqueline Bromberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

JAK-STAT signaling in human diseaseThe discovery of Stat proteins' key role in IFN signaling, initially described over ten years ago, provided the first molecular link of growth factor receptor stimulation to the direct activation of a transcription factor (1). Since that time a large number of growth factor receptors and some nonreceptor tyrosine kinases have been found to lead to the activation of these transcription factors (2).The contributions of individual Stat proteins to normal cytokine signaling and development have been studied in various cell culture systems and in vivo in mice made deficient for one or more of these proteins (3).This approach has identified some related roles, as well as many unique, nonoverlapping physiological roles, for the various members of the Stat family.In summary, Stat1-deficient mice are unable to respond to IFNs and are subsequently susceptible to bacterial and viral pathogens.Likewise, disruption of Stat2 gives rise to animals unable to respond to type 1 IFNs, with increased susceptibility to viral infections (see Candotti et al., this Perspective series, ref. 4).Stat4-and Stat6-deficient animals reveal a requirement for IL-12-or IL-4-mediated proliferation of T cells, respectively (see Decker et al., this series, ref. 5).The phenotypes of Stat5A and Stat5B individual knockouts reveal the importance of Stat5A in breast development and lactation and the importance of Stat5B in the development of sexually dimorphic patterns of gene expression within the liver.In addition to these phenotypes, Stat5A/5B double knockouts are abnormal in their T cell and B cell development.Because Stat3-deficient animals die early in embryogenesis, the role of this protein in a number of biological functions had to be determined in conditional knockouts.As discussed by Levy and Lee in this series (6), Stat3 is implicated in keratinocyte migration, T cell apoptosis, IL-10-mediated signaling in macrophages, and the induction of apoptosis in the involuting breast.Beyond these various roles in normal cellular and physiological processes, the Stat proteins are now known to participate in cellular transformation and oncogenesis.Here, I consider the evidence implicating these molecules, particularly Stats 1, 3, and 5, in tumor formation and progression.
XIPHISTERNAL OR PERICARDIAL CHISELSOUND, WITH ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: F. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1856)

ASOCUATIONCE MOUL4' From this time, convalescenee proeseded mintesTuptedly.The treatment was confined to the application of cold-water pads to the head, and keeping the child quiet.About three months after, she passed through a moderately severe attack of bronchitis, without exhibiting any head symp- toms.The depressed bone has by this time risen considerably, and the deformity is much less marked than at first.I anticipate that it will ultimately be quite removed.REMARKS.This case well illustrates the remarkable fexibiity of the cranial bones in infancy, permitting such great depression without apparently any complete separa- tion of the sunken portion of bone.It seems probable that the diminished space for the brain is compensated for in these cases by some degree of lateral bulging of the cranial bones.The condition of the sutures also, no doubt, operates to prevent injurious compression taking place.The blood vomited proceeded probably from a wound of the mouth.
The Encyclopaedia of Medical Ignorance: Exploring the Frontiers of Medical Knowledge
Authors: David Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Like its predecessors, which deal with physical science and life and earth sciences, this encyclopedia "focuses on ignorance not knowledge." The authors were asked to "state what it is they do not know," emphasize research, and possibly provide new insights. Twenty-five scientists, most of them from the British Isles, have written two dozen essays that span the life of the person from conception to senility. Ten deal with the nervous system; psychotherapy, schizophrenia, depression, drug dependence, multiple sclerosis, and "the hypothalamus as an aging clock" are among subjects considered. The cardiovascular, respiratory, visual, and auditory systems and their diseases also receive attention. There is a group of articles on mutation, genetic pathology, contraception, fetal diagnosis, and pregnancy ("an immunological mystery"). And, broad topics such as cancer, transplantation, immunity to viruses and parasites, and medical care are examined. Most authors use an expected formula, succinctly reviewing their topics and indicating the
Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction: Table 1
Authors: Mirko Schipilliti, Nicola Caretta, Pierfrancesco Palego, Riccardo Selice, Alberto Ferlin, Carlo Foresta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To study the relation between metabolic syndrome (MS), cavernosal morphological vasculopathy, and peripheral vascular alterations (carotid and femoral wall) in patients with erectile dysfunction.A total of 207 patients and 50 control subjects were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors, physical examination, reproductive hormones, ultrasound analysis of cavernosal, carotid and femoral arteries (intima-media thickness), and cavernosal flow measurement (peak systolic velocity).A total of 28% of patients had MS, and they presented with a high prevalence of cavernosal alterations (70.3%) and systemic vascular impairment (59.3%), whereas patients with cavernosal alterations (44%) showed the higher prevalence of MS (48.9%). The number of MS components was related to the prevalence of penile vasculopathy. However, multivariate analysis showed that MS is not an independent predictor for cavernosal vasculopathy.Patients with cavernosal vasculopathy have an increased cardiometabolic risk, and screening for MS components might identify individuals with a higher risk for cavernosal and systemic atherosclerosis.
Low Birth Weight Is Associated With Increased Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Richard G. IJzerman, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Eco J. de Geus, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal, Dorret I. Boomsma
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Low birth weight may be associated with high blood pressure in later life through genetic factors, an association that may be explained by alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. We examined the association of birth weight with cardiac pre-ejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (indicators of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively) and with blood pressure in 53 dizygotic and 61 monozygotic adolescent twin pairs.Birth weight of the twins was obtained from the mothers. Pre-ejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were measured with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography at rest, during a reaction time task, and during a mental arithmetic task. In the overall sample, lower birth weight was significantly associated with shorter pre-ejection period at rest, during the reaction time task, and during the mental arithmetic task (P=0.0001, P<0.0001, and P=0.0001, respectively) and with larger pre-ejection period reactivity to the stress tasks (P=0.02 and P=0.06, respectively). In within-pair analyses, differences in birth weight were associated with differences in pre-ejection period at rest and during both stress tasks in dizygotic twin pairs (P=0.01, P=0.06, and P=0.2, respectively) but not in monozygotic twin pairs (P=0.9, P=1.0, and P=0.5, respectively). Shorter pre-ejection period explained approximately 63% to 84% of the birth weight and blood pressure relation.Low birth weight is associated with increased sympathetic activity, and this explains a large part of the association between birth weight and blood pressure. In addition, our findings suggest that the association between birth weight and sympathetic activity depends on genetic factors.
Mesangial cell killing by leukocytes: Role of leukocyte oxidants and proteolytic enzymes
Authors: James Varani, Carla G. Taylor, Bruce Riser, Dale K. Shumaker, Kun-Y. Yeh, Michael Dame, Douglas F. Gibbs, Robert F. Todd, Francis Dumler, Judith Bromberg, Paul D. Killen
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Oral prostaglandins and amniotomy.
Authors: I Craft
Journal: BMJ (1972)

operation and no unpleasant effects follow."This report thus appeared over a year be- fore Morton's demonstration on the use of ether, and I think it is only right to point out that nitrous oxide was in use during the period between Wells's unsuccessful demon- stration and Morton's successful one.-Iam, etc., VICTOR GOLDMAN London W.1Ketamine for Burns Surgery SIR,-The leading article "Analgesia for Burnt Patients: A Symposium" (20 May, p. 418), gives much needed publicity to a hitherto neglected facet of anaesthetic practice.The sentence on the paper and discussion on the use of ketamine as an anaesthetic agent for burns surgery is somewhat biased.It is strange to mention one of the less common and least dangerous side effects of ketamine, without making any reference to the drug's unique advantages, especially in the field of bums surgery.-Weare, etc.,
Assessment of Cardiac Wall Motion with the Ejection Fraction Image: A Comparison with Contrast Left Ventriculography
Authors: KEN??ICHI NAKAJIMA, NORIHISA TONAMI, HISASHI BUNKO, TOSHIO MAEDA, KINICHI HISADA, HIDETSUGU ASANOI, TAKAYUKI IKEDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Twenty patients with ischemic heart disease were studied with biplane contrast left ventriculography and gated bloob pool scans. An ejection fraction (EF) image was calculated from each gated blood pool scan. The EF image and contrast ventriculograms were divided into three regions and seven segments respectively. The sites of asynergy observed in each study were compared. Segments two, three and six of the contrast ventriculogram corresponded to the anteroseptal and inferoapical regions of the EF image, but it was difficult to differentiate between these segments on the EF image. Segments three and four corresponded to the inferoapical region and segments five and seven corresponded to the posterolateral region. Diffuse asynergy with a low EF (less than 30%) causes a large defect on the EF image. The mean regional EF obtained from the EF image correlated well with the EF calculated from the left ventricular volume curve (n = 50, r = 0.94).
Models as implementations of a theory, rather than simulations: Dancing to a different drummer
Authors: Stan Franklin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Robots, as well as software agents, can be of use in biology as implementations of a theory rather than as simulations of specific real world target systems. Such implementations generate hypotheses rather than representing them. Their behavior is not predicted, but rather observed, and is not expected to duplicate that of a target system. Scientific knowledge is gained through the testing of generated hypotheses.
Room 8 #2 Biopsy C Frozen Section
Authors: Kirk Maxey
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Before we started, you were speaking, Saying something to me; Golden droplets in the tubing Caught your eye, held your tongue; You never finished. When the drapes were all in place You cried; The tears ran sideways; Glistening streaks upon your temples; No one noticed. Latex fingers, muffled voices, Everything was bathed in blue, It took no more than half an hour To cut away a part of you.
Cheilostomatitis associated with propranolol treatment.
Authors: S E Tangarud, S Golf
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Incidence of sequelae occuirring tzwo to three days and seven to 10 days after intravenous injection of three benzodiazepines.Results are numbers (and percentages) of patients 2-3 davs 7-10 days Drug Dose No of _ -_ _ (mg) patients Total Total Phlebitis Thrombosis Thrombovenous Phlebitis Thrombosis Thrombo-venous phlebitis sequelae phlebitis sequelae Diazepam 10 44 3 (7) 5 (11) 2 (5) 10 (23) 0 17 (39) 0 17 (39) Lorazepam 4 40 0 3 (8) 0 3 (8) 0 6 (15) 0 6 (15) Flunitrazepam 1-2 43 0 0 0 0 0 2 (5) 0 2 (5)
Getting our journals to developing countries
Authors: A WILLIAMSON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Getting our journals to developing countriesFor some years now it has been our policy to give free subscriptions to our journals to applicants from countries in the developing world.However, in practice, this has had its diYculties.Many developing countries have either poor or non-existent postal services and granting a print subscription can often be problematic and expensive-the marginal cost of sending the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases to Africa is around £25 each year.An editorial in BMJ sets out the arguments very clearly. 1 We know that the gap between the rich and poor countries is widening.While those of us in the developed world have information overload, the developing countries have bare library shelves.The internet gives us an opportunity to narrow the gap.The marginal cost of giving access to the electronic edition of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases is close to zero.What is more, those in resource-poor countries can access electronic journals at exactly the same time as those in the developed world.Even better, they can access what is relevant rather than what was provided, much of which was not relevant.Best of all, they can participate in the debate using the rapid response facility on the web site in a way that was almost impossible with the slowness of print distribution.Access to the electronic edition of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases will be provided free automatically to those from countries defined as poor under the human development index by the United Nations (URL http:// www.undp.org/hdro/HDI.html/)The BMA and several of our co-owning societies have made funds available for the installation of Digital Island on all our journal web sites.This clever piece of software recognises where the user is coming from and will give unrestricted access to the whole web site to users from those developing countries we choose to designate.BMJ.com will continue to be free to those in the developing world whatever happens in the developed world.The income that we get from resource-poor countries is minimal; and facilitating information supply should encourage development, improvement in health care and, eventually, create a market.
Doctors are reluctant to use telemedicine and misunderstand what patients want, says NHS Confederation report
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Clinicians’ reluctance to interact with patients electronically rather than face to face may have “disastrous consequences” for public health, the NHS Confederation said in a report published on 20 January. 

Its report says that “active and passive” resistance by doctors, which is often based on incorrect assumptions about what patients want, has “stifled” the use of telemedicine and electronic health records in the NHS.

This verdict will add fuel to the debate over the government’s plans to create an “information revolution” in the NHS in England. A consultation that closed last week attracted critical comments …
Expression of Von Willebrand factor in normal and diseased rat livers and in cultivated liver cells
Authors: Thomas Knittel, Katrin Neubauer, Thomas Armbrust, Giuliano Ramadori
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Von Willebrand factor (vWf) is an adhesive glycoprotein known to play an important role in hemostasis and in tissue injury. Because the latter process resembles hepatic fibrogenesis, we studied the tissue distribution of vWf in diseased livers. In normal rat liver vWf was strongly expressed in the vascular endothelium and as small spots or fiber-like structures in the hepatic parenchyma. During acute liver injury, pronounced staining was observed within the area of necrosis. In fibrotic livers vWf deposits were distributed predominantly at the scar-parenchyma interface but also within the septum and in sinusoidal lining cells. Testing different liver cell populations in vitro demonstrated that vWf gene expression was limited to endothelial cells (ECs) and, therefore, the latter cell population might represent the vWf-positive cells detected in vivo. The distribution of vWf within fibrotic septa suggests that vWf becomes a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in fibrotic livers.
Toxicity of bile acids on the electron transport chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Stephan Krähenbühl, Christine Talos, Sven Fischer, Jürg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The toxicity of hydrophilic (cholate) and lipophilic (deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, and lithocholate) bile acids on the function of the electron transport chain was investigated in intact and disrupted rat liver mitochondria. In intact mitochondria, lipophilic bile acids used at a concentration of 100 μmol/L (0.1 μmol/mg protein) inhibited state 3 and state 3u (dinitrophenol-uncoupled) oxidation rates for L-glutamate, succinate, duroquinol or ascorbate/N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine as substrates. In contrast, state 4 oxidation rates and ADP/oxygen ratios were not significantly affected. At a bile acid concentration of 10 μmol/L (0.01 μmol/mg protein), the state 3 oxidation rate for L-glutamate was decreased in the presence of deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate, whereas only lithocholate inhibited state 3 oxidation for succinate or duroquinol. In broken mitochondria, inhibition of oxidative metabolism was found for NADH or duroquinol as substrate in the presence of 100 μmol/L lithocholate (0.2 μmol/mg protein) and for duroquinol in the presence of 100 μmol/L chenodeoxycholate. Direct assessment of the activities of the enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain revealed decreased activities of complex I and complex III in the presence of 100 μmol/L deoxycholate or chenodeoxycholate or 10 μmol/L lithocholate. Inhibition of complex IV required higher bile acid concentrations (300 μmol/L for chenodeoxycholate or 30 μmol/L for lithocholate), and complex II was not affected. Both chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate were incorporated into mitochondrial membranes. The phospholipid content of mitochondrial membranes decreased in incubations containing 100 μmol/L (0.1 μmol/mg protein) chenodeoxycholate but was not affected in the presence of 100 μmol/L lithocholate. The studies show that lipophilic bile acids impair the function of the electron transport chain in isolated rat liver mitochondria. The inhibitory effect of lipophilic bile acids on the electron transport chain can be explained by an unspecific effect on the inner mitochondrial membrane of intact mitochondria at high concentrations (100 μmol/L) and by a specific impairment of complex I and complex III in broken mitochondria or in intact mitochondria incubated with low bile acid concentrations (10 μmol/L). The impairment of mitochondrial function by bile acids may be clinically relevant in patients or animals with chronic cholestasis. (Hepatology 1994;19:471-479).
1018-49 Assessing a Strategy of Stand-alone Extraction Atherectomy Followed by Staged Stent Placement in Degenerated Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions
Authors: Mun K. Hong, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, S. Chiu Wong, Lowell F. Saller, Ya Chien Chuang, Theresa Bucher, J. Hope Pacera, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A Program for Transtracheal Oxygen Delivery
Authors: KENT L. CHRISTOPHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Over a 2-year period, the safety and efficacy of a program specifically designed for transtracheal oxygen therapy were evaluated in 100 patients with chronic hypoxemia. The four clinically defined phases of the program included patient orientation, evaluation, and selection (phase I); a new needle-wire guide-dilator transtracheal procedure and stent week (phase II); transtracheal oxygen delivery with an immature tract (phase III); and transtracheal oxygen delivery with a mature tract (phase IV). Sequelae and complications were minor, and patient acceptance was high. As compared with the nasal cannula, the transtracheal catheter was associated with a significant reduction in oxygen flow requirement during both rest and exercise. Adequate oxygenation was maintained over time, and erythrocythemia was alleviated with transtracheal delivery. We conclude that transtracheal oxygenation by this method has a low, acceptable morbidity; it is more efficient than nasal cannula delivery and may be more effective in some patients.
Psychotherapy in Neurodermatitis
Authors: Sadie H. Zaidens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In QUESTIONS and ANSWERS (<b>198</b>:1230, 1966) there was an extensive discussion on the treatment of neurodermatitis by Dr. Sigfrid A. Muller in his reply to an inquiry. I should like to add to Dr. Muller's answer that psychiatric investigation and treatment are of great value to many patients with this condition even though many do have a personal and family history of allergic diseases. Almost all invariably have emotional problems which precipitate or aggravate their neurodermatitis. Unfortunately, their personality problems are so deeply entrenched that they require skilled psychiatric care, in addition to sedation, tranquilization, and topical treatment. A casual, superficial discussion of their emotional problems usually is fruitless since most patients are reluctant to discuss their personal lives early in the course of treatment. It frequently takes a few lengthy visits before trust and rapport are sufficiently established, and the patient is able to expose
Mechanism of accountability needs to be developed for changing role of healthcare professionals
Authors: M. Lombard, J. Brown, G. Hall, R. Sturgess
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the expression patterns of poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) in complete hydatidiform moles (HMs) and to determine the predictive value of PCBP1 during postmolar follow-up after uterine evacuation. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The PCBP1 protein expression profile was investigated in 10 complete moles that remained benign, 10 complete moles that underwent malignant transformation, and 10 choriocarcinoma tissues using Western blot analysis. The PCBP1 protein expression patterns in complete HM samples gathered from 69 patients were also detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The association of PCBP1 protein expression with the progression in HMs was subsequently assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The expression of PCBP1 was significantly lower in malignant-transformed moles than benign moles. The PCBP1 expression level was negatively associated with malignant transformation and serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Logistic regression analysis indicated that complete moles with high PCBP1 expression levels had a significantly lower risk of progression to gestational trophoblastic tumors (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.67). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These observations suggest that PCBP1 may be important in the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic tumors. In addition to the β-fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin, decreased expression of PCBP1 protein may be a strong predictor of the malignant transformation of complete moles.