tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA analysis by flow cytometry in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: ELISABETH RALFKIAER, JORGEN K. LARSEN, IB J. CHRISTENSEN, KRISTIAN THOMSEN, GUNHILD LANGE WANTZIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

DNA histograms of skin and blood specimens from 64 patients with known or suspected cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) have been examined and compared with normal blood mononuclear cells and skin biopsy samples from 50 patients with various benign cutaneous conditions (i.e. patch test infiltrates, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis) in an attempt to establish whether DNA measurements by flow cytorntry may improve the early recognition of CTCL. The results indicate that right-skewed G0/G1 peaks are seen frequently in both benign disorders and known and suspected CTCL. Such peaks may reflect increased stainability of DNA due to chromatin dispersion during cell activation and/or cell proliferation and do not constitute reliable evidence of malignancy. In contrast, discrete aneuploid DNA peaks are confined to malignant lesions, but are seen almost exclusively in the advanced stages in which the diagnosis can be establignohed easily based on routine histological criteria. These data indicate that DNA measurements by flow cytometry is of only limited help in the early recognition of CTCL and support the view that the lymphoid infiltrate in early CTCL may be reactive (rather than neoplastic) or alternatively may contain only minor populations of abnormal (malignant) cells which cannot be detected by currently available DNA measurement techniques.
Multicompartmental Analysis of Calcium Kinetics in Normal Adult Males*
Authors: R. Neer, M. Berman, L. Fisher, L. E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

This report describes studies of calcium kinetics in ten normal young men. Serum, urinary, and fecal radioactivity was measured from 1 minute to 20 days after intravenous tracer (47)Ca injection, and these results were analyzed jointly with data obtained from a simultaneous metabolic balance study, using digital computer techniques. Surface radioactivity measurements were also obtained to gain further insight into the anatomic correlates of the tracer distribution. The data were satisfied by a model with four exchanging compartments. Series, branching, and mammillary models were analyzed. Several parameters of physiologic interest were independent of the model, but two were dependent on the duration of the study. Individual and mean values for these kinetic analyses are presented with their statistical uncertainties. These studies present detailed analyses in a healthy, normal population and provide a reference for future studies of skeletal metabolism and serum calcium homeostasis.
DEATH DUE TO AGRANULOCYTOSIS INDUCED BY METHIMAZOLE THERAPY
Authors: Norman W. Specht
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since the introduction of thiouracil, the antithyroid activity of many compounds has been investigated.<sup>1</sup>In 1949, Stanley and Astwood<sup>2</sup>reported that methimazole (1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole, also known as "tapazole") was highly active in 30 cases of hyperthyroidism. Subsequently an additional 185 cases have been reported by various investigators.<sup>3</sup>All agree that the drug is highly effective. Only Bartels and Sjogren<sup>3d</sup>mention the occurrence of toxic reactions. In their series of 100 patients, 6 had a skin rash; treatment with the drug had to be discontinued in 3 of the 6 cases. These figures agree with the earlier reported incidence of skin reactions, which occurred in approximately 5% of patients receiving this drug.<sup>4</sup>At the end of the paper, but not included in their series, Bartels and Sjogren<sup>3d</sup>report that leukopenia occurred in one patient who was being treated with methimazole. Bartels<sup>5</sup>stated that, in a
Analysing uncharted transcriptomes with SAGE
Authors: Victor E. Velculescu, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2000)

Methods of comprehensive gene expression analysis have traditionally been limited to analysing bulk tissue or millions of cells. New modifications of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) have now permitted the analysis of gene expression in cell subpopulations or microanatomic structures, providing access to unexplored transcriptomes of normal and disease biology.
Abstract 469: CD151 and cell motility in prostate cancer
Authors: Sujitra Detchokul, Michael W. Parker, Elizabeth D. Williams, Olivia M. Herdiman, Melissa Davis, Kelvin Kee, Damien M. Bolton, Albert G. Frauman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men. CD151 is a member of the tetraspanin family and is associated with regulation of migration of normal and tumour cells via cell surface microdomain formation. Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that expression of CD151 differs across histological grades of PCa and high levels of expression are linked to shorter survival, independent of Gleason score1. In vitro motility assays of human PCa cell lines suggest CD151 is a motility promoter2. We have sought to develop a number of CD151 inhibitors and examine their ability to modulate prostate cancer motility and metastasis. The human PCa cell line, LNCaP (low endogenous level of CD151), transfected with CD151 shows increased motility and invasion compared to control LNCaP, whilst CD151 siRNA knock-down (KD) of PC-3 cells (high endogenous level of CD151), reduces motility compared to control PC-3. We have conducted in silico screening with compounds predicted to bind a model of the large extracellular domain (EC2) of CD151 and found that a number of these small molecules possess bioactivity in vitro and in vivo in inhibiting prostate cancer motility and progression. LNCaP growth and migration was confirmed by stimulating with 1 and 10 nM DHT at 24 hrs in charcoal stripped FBS. It was found that cell proliferation and motility of LNCaP cells was significantly increased after stimulation by 10 nM DHT at 24 hrs (p&amp;lt;0.01) and 48hrs (p&amp;lt;0.01), whilst DHT had minimal effect on control PC-3 and DU-145 cells. We have also analyzed a set of whole genome microarray expression data from PCa cell lines PC-3 and CD151 KD PC-3, and identified differentially expressed genes linked to CD151. Significant changes were seen in 172 genes after CD151 KD in PC-3 cells. We examined the protein interaction networks of our differentially expressed genes using Cytoscape3. Functional network analysis revealed high level of connectivity surrounding genes involved in transcriptional regulation, microtubule-based movement and protein folding and complex formation. CD151 is an important promoter of cell migration and metastatic disease in PCa and may serve as a target for a novel class of anti-metastatic therapeutic agents. A systems biology approach allows for improved mechanistic interpretation of biological data and may facilitate identification of other therapeutic targets. 1 Ang J et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers &amp; Prevention (2004) 13: 1717-21 2 Ang J et al. Oncology Reports (2010) 24(6): 1593-1597 3 Shannon P et al. Genome research (2003) 13: 2498-2504 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 469. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-469
Efficacy and Safety of Renal Tubule Cell Therapy for Acute Renal Failure
Authors: James Tumlin, Ravinder Wali, Winfred Williams, Patrick Murray, Ashita J. Tolwani, Anna K. Vinnikova, Harold M. Szerlip, Jiuming Ye, Emil P. Paganini, Lance Dworkin, Kevin W. Finkel, Michael A. Kraus, H. David Humes
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The mortality rate for patients with acute renal failure (ARF) remains unacceptably high. Although dialysis removes waste products and corrects fluid imbalance, it does not perform the absorptive, metabolic, endocrine, and immunologic functions of normal renal tubule cells. The renal tubule assist device (RAD) is composed of a conventional hemofilter lined by monolayers of renal cells. For testing whether short-term (up to 72 h) treatment with the RAD would improve survival in patients with ARF compared with conventional continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), a Phase II, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving 58 patients who had ARF and required CRRT was performed. Forty patients received continuous venovenous hemofiltration + RAD, and 18 received CRRT alone. The primary efficacy end point was all-cause mortality at 28 d; additional end points included all-cause mortality at 90 and 180 d, time to recovery of renal function, time to intensive care unit and hospital discharge, and safety. At day 28, the mortality rate was 33% in the RAD group and 61% in the CRRT group. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that survival through day 180 was significantly improved in the RAD group, and Cox proportional hazards models suggested that the risk for death was approximately 50% of that observed in the CRRT-alone group. RAD therapy was also associated with more rapid recovery of kidney function, was well tolerated, and had the expected adverse event profile for critically ill patients with ARF.
Impact of Delirium on Cognition, Distress, and Health-Related Quality of Life After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Jesse R. Fann, Catherine M. Alfano, Sari Roth-Roemer, Wayne J. Katon, Karen L. Syrjala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To determine the impact of delirium during the acute phase of myeloablative hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), distress, and neurocognitive functioning 30 and 80 days after transplantation.Ninety patients completed a battery assessing HRQOL, distress, and neuropsychological functioning before receiving their first HSCT. Delirium was assessed three times per week using the Delirium Rating Scale and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale from 7 days before transplantation through 30 days after transplantation. At 30 days after transplantation, distress and neurocognitive functioning were assessed. At 80 days after transplantation, HRQOL, distress, and neuropsychological functioning were re-evaluated.After adjusting for confounding factors, patients who experienced a delirium episode, versus patients who did not, reported significantly worse depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms at 30 days (linear regression beta(s) = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively; P < .04). At 80 days, patients with a delirium episode had significantly worse executive functioning (beta = -1.1; P < .02), attention and processing speed (beta(s) = -4.7 and -5.4, respectively; P < .03), mental health on the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey, 12-item short form (beta = -6.5; P < .02), and anxiety, fatigue, and cancer and treatment distress symptoms (beta(s) = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.3, respectively; P < .03).Patients with a malignancy who experience delirium during myeloablative HSCT showed impaired neurocognitive abilities and persistent distress 80 days after transplantation. Effective prevention or treatment of delirium during HSCT may improve both cognitive and psychological outcomes.
Use and Misuse of the Term “Cost Effective” in Medicine
Authors: Peter Doubilet, Milton C. Weinstein, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

There has been mounting pressure on the medical profession in recent years to stem the rise in national health care expenditures. One result of that pressure has been the popularization of the term "cost effective" in medicine. Examples of its use abound in the medical literature, in drug and equipment advertisements, and in the hallways and lecture halls of medical institutions. Unfortunately, many who assert that a specified medical practice is cost effective fail to couple that statement with appropriate documentation of associated costs and benefits.1 Even when these have been computed, the conclusions drawn from them have been based . . .
Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis
Authors: Robert W. Schrier, Vicente Arroyo, Mauro Bernardi, Murray Epstein, Jens H. Henriksen, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Renal sodium and water retention and plasma volume expansion have been shown to precede ascites formation in experimental cirrhosis. The classical “underfilling” theory, in which ascites formation causes hypovolemia and initiates secondary renal sodium and water retention, thus seems unlikely. While the occurrence of primary renal sodium and water retention and plasma volume expansion prior to ascites formation favors the “overflow” hypothesis, the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vasopressin release and sympathetic nervous system associated with cirrhosis is not consonant with primary volume expansion. In this present article, the “Peripheral Arterial Vasodilation Hypothesis” is proposed as the initiator of sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Peripheral arterial vasodilation is one of the earliest observations in the cirrhotic patient and experimental animals with cirrhosis. Arterial vasodilators and arteriovenous fistula are other examples in which renal sodium and water retention occur secondary to a decreased filling of the arterial vascular tree. An increase in cardiac output and hormonal stimulation are common features of cirrhosis, arteriovenous fistula and drug-induced peripheral arterial vasodilation. However, a predilection for the retained sodium and water to transudate into the abdominal cavity occurs with cirrhosis because of the presence of portal hypertension. The Peripheral Arterial Vasodilation Hypothesis also explains the continuum from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis to the hepatorenal syndrome.
In vivo bone formation from human embryonic stem cell-derived osteogenic cells in poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds
Authors: Sinae Kim, Sang-Soo Kim, Soo-Hong Lee, Seong Eun Ahn, So-Jung Gwak, Joon-Ho Song, Byung-Soo Kim, Hyung-Min Chung
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Light microscopy is useful to better define NERD and functional heartburn
Authors: Edoardo Savarino, Patrizia Zentilin, Luca Mastracci, Roberto Fiocca, Vincenzo Savarino
Journal: Gut (2013)

We read with great interest the well done pathophysiological study by Woodland et al 1 showing that an impaired oesophageal mucosal integrity, expressed by low baseline impedance values, is likely due to repeated acid reflux episodes, which contribute also to slow recovery after this challenge. The above alterations are associated with increased acid sensitivity and thus mucosal integrity, recovery capacity and symptom perception seem to be strictly linked.

The study demonstrates that Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD) patients have a lower baseline impedance and a slower postacid impedance recovery than patients with functional heartburn (FH), as a further confirmation that they represent clearly separate entities. It is …
Medical Efficacy versus Economic Efficiency: A Conflict in Values
Authors: William B. Schwartz, Paul L. Joskow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Disquiet over rising costs has come to dominate discussions of the health-care system. A major cause of the cost spiral, in the view of many policy makers, is the excessive and inefficient use of innovations such as CAT scanners and coronary-artery surgery. Consequently, Congress has recently voted to establish a Center for National Health Care Technology with a mandate to define the safety, efficacy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of medical procedures.1 , 2 This center, by formulating and disseminating standards for such procedures, is expected to influence decisions made by both physicians and government and thus to affect favorably both the quality and . . .
Sucralfate and the Absorption of L-Thyroxine
Authors: John A. Campbell, Barbara A. Schmidt, John P. Bantle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 July 1994Sucralfate and the Absorption of L-ThyroxineJohn A. Campbell, MD, Barbara A. Schmidt, MD, and John P. Bantle, MDJohn A. Campbell, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Barbara A. Schmidt, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and John P. Bantle, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although an in vitro study showed binding of l-thyroxine by sucralfate [1], a later study showed that sucralfate did not interfere with in vivo absorption of replacement l-thyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism [2]. After encountering such a patient receiving replacement l-thyroxine who experienced a decrease in serum thyroxine (T4) index and a dramatic increase in serum thyrotropin after starting treatment with sucralfate, we studied the effect of sucralfate on l-thyroxine absorption.After obtaining informed consent and baseline tests, nine patients with primary hypothyroidism were randomly assigned to treatment with sucralfate, 1 g 4 times daily or placebo, ...References1. Havrankova J, Lahaie R. Levothyroxine binding by sucralfate. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:445-4. Google Scholar2. Khan F, Jeanniton E, Renedo M. Does sucralfate impede levothyroxine therapy? Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:317. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastrointestinal Malabsorption of ThyroxineConcurrent Milk Ingestion Decreases Absorption of LevothyroxineFactors Affecting Gastrointestinal Absorption of Levothyroxine: A ReviewGuidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone ReplacementInfluence of Drugs on Thyroid Function TestsDisorders of the Thyroid GlandConditions and drugs interfering with thyroxine absorptionInterference with the absorption of levothyroxineDrugs and Thyroid Function 15 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 2Page: 152KeywordsHypothyroidismPatientsThyroidThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroxine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mycoplasmemia in Adult Male Patients
Authors: Michael S. Simberkoff
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i>mycoplasmemia was associated with obstruction, manipulation, or surgery of the genitourinary tract in five adult men. A fourfold increase in specific antibody titer against<i>M hominis</i>was demonstrated in serial convalescent serum obtained from one patient. Two patients became afebrile after treatment with tetracycline; a third recovered without therapy for a<i>Mycoplasma</i>infection. The two remaining patients died of their underlying diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2522-2524, 1976)
Vitamin D Status in Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Septuagenarians
Authors: Christine Dalgård, Maria Skaalum Petersen, Pal Weihe, Philippe Grandjean
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Vitamin D deficiency is thought to be a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes, and elderly subjects at northern latitudes may therefore be at particular risk.Vitamin D status was assessed from serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] in 668 Faroese residents aged 70-74 years (64% of eligible population). We determined type 2 diabetes prevalence from past medical histories, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, and/or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)).We observed 70 (11%) new type 2 diabetic subjects, whereas 88 (13%) were previously diagnosed. Having vitamin D status <50 nmol/L doubled the risk of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes after adjustment for BMI, sex, exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, serum triacylglyceride concentration, serum HDL concentration, smoking status, and month of blood sampling. Furthermore, the HbA(1c) concentration decreased at higher serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations independent of covariates.In elderly subjects, vitamin D sufficiency may provide protection against type 2 diabetes. Because the study is cross-sectional, intervention studies are needed to elucidate whether vitamin D could be used to prevent development of type 2 diabetes.
Cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy after myocardial infarction
Authors: Joel Tsevat, Daniella Duke, Lee Goldman, Marc A. Pfeffer, Gervasio A. Lamas, Jane R. Soukup, Karen M. Kuntz, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy for survivors of myocardial infarction. The recent randomized, controlled Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) trial showed that captopril therapy improves survival in survivors of myocardial infarction with an ejection fraction ≤40%. The present ancillary study was designed to determine how the costs required to achieve this increase in survival compared with those of other medical interventions. We developed a decision-analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy in 50- to 80-year old survivors of myocardial infarction with an ejection fraction ≤40%. Data on costs, utilities (health-related quality of life weights) and 4-year survival were obtained directly from the SAVE trial, and long-term survival was estimated using a Markov model. In one set of analyses, we assumed that the survival benefit associated with captopril therapy would persist beyond 4 years (persistent-benefit analyses), whereas in another set we assumed that captopril therapy incurred costs but no survival benefit beyond 4 years (limited-benefit analyses). In the limited-benefit analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy ranged from $3,600/quality-adjusted life-year for 80-year old patients to $60,800/quality-adjusted life-year for 50-year old patients. In the persistent-benefit analyses, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $3,700 to $10,400/quality-adjusted life-year, depending on age. The outcome was generally not sensitive to changes in estimates of variables when they were varied individually over wide ranges. In a "worst-case" analysis, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for captopril therapy remained favorable ($8,700 to $29,200/ quality-adjusted life-year) for 60- to 80-year old patients but were higher ($217,600/quality-adjusted life-year) for 50-year old patients. We conclude that the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy for 50- to 80-year old survivors of myocardial infarction with a low ejection fraction compares favorably with other interventions for survivors of myocardial infarction.
The Causes of Profound Deafness in Childhood: A Study of 3,535 Individuals With Severe Hearing Loss Present at Birth or of Childhood Onset
Authors: Robert W. Cantrell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Profound congenital deafness is one of the most devastating disabilities that afflicts man. Not only is the deaf person isolated from his fellow man by an invisible, nearly insurmountable barrier of silence, but he is frequently thought to be mentally retarded and treated as such. He does not respond to verbal communication, and his attempts at speech are painfully awkward. Speech, being an imitative function, is almost impossible to learn for the profound, congenitally deaf person. That this condition usually occurs in a person of average or higher intelligence compounds the frustration. It is an ironic cruelty that the word "dumb" is frequently used to mean stupid, and a deaf and dumb person is frequently considered to have a low intellect. Compared to the blind, the deaf are shortchanged in the allocation of funds for the handicapped. Vocal rehabilitation expenditures for totally blind youths average $6,167 annually but only $2,068