tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Coronary Stenoses and Quantification of the Degree and Spatial Extent of Blood Flow Mismatch During Coronary Hyperemia With Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography
Authors: Suad Ismail, Ananda R. Jayaweera, Norman C. Goodman, Gustavo P. Camarano, Danny M. Skyba, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background We hypothesized that the degree and spatial extent of blood flow mismatch in beds supplied by stenoses that are not flow-limiting at rest can be quantified with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) using left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) injections of contrast during pharmacologically induced coronary hyperemia. Methods and Results In 12 open-chest dogs, MCE was performed and myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by use of radiolabeled microspheres at baseline and during phenylephrine-induced coronary hyperemia. In the presence of this drug, stenoses were placed during different stages on the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries, and MCE and MBF assessments were performed. LA injections of 2 mL of 0.5 billion/mL microbubbles (mean diameter, 4.3 μm) were performed at each stage in all 12 dogs, and RA injections of 10 mL of 6 billion/mL microbubbles (mean diameter, 3.7 to 5.3 μm) were administered in 7 dogs. MCE images in which the contrast disparity between the LAD and LCx beds was maximal were digitally subtracted from precontrast images, and mean videointensities in these beds were measured after the dynamic range of gray-scale intensities was increased in the subtracted image and the image was color coded. The region showing hypoperfusion during LAD stenosis was planimetered and expressed as a percentage of the myocardial area in the short-axis slice. There was an excellent correlation between the LAD/LCx bed videointensity ratio and LAD/LCx bed MBF ratio ( y =0.5 x +0.44, r =.91, P &lt;.001) during 57 LA injections. There was also an excellent correlation between the hypoperfused bed size on MCE during LA injection of contrast in the presence of LAD stenosis and the hypoperfused myocardium as determined by radiolabeled microspheres ( y =0.8 x +4.2, r =.90, P &lt;.001, SEE=2.4, n=11). The anterior myocardium was opacified in 6 dogs receiving RA injections of contrast, and the hypoperfused area during LAD stenosis correlated closely with that determined by radiolabeled microspheres ( y =0.86 x +3.4, r =.93, P &lt;.01). Conclusions Coronary stenoses, which are not flow limiting at rest, can be detected and the degree and spatial extent of blood flow mismatch during pharmacologically induced coronary hyperemia can be quantified with MCE using LA and RA injections of contrast. Thus, it is possible that the severity of coronary stenoses and the quantum of myocardium in jeopardy could be quantified in the future with MCE using venous injection of contrast.
Circulating bone morphogenetic protein-7 and transforming growth factor-β1 are better predictors of renal end points in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Muh Geot Wong, Vlado Perkovic, Mark Woodward, John Chalmers, Qiang Li, Graham S. Hillis, Dania Yaghobian Azari, Min Jun, Neil Poulter, Pavel Hamet, Bryan Williams, Bruce Neal, Giuseppe Mancia, Mark Cooper, Carol A. Pollock
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapeutic Effects of Breast Cancer by MRI: Accuracy of MRI in Predicting Pathological Complete Response.
Authors: T. Fukuda, N. Gomi, Y. Miyagi, N. Tokudome, S. Takahashi, Y. Ito, T. Iwase, F. Akiyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The importance of the evaluation of pathological complete response (pCR) has been confirmed by the fact that, there is a close correlation between pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and prognosis for breast cancer. The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in predicting CR after NAC.Methods and Materials: 305 women with stage IIB-III palpable solid breast cancer received adriacin(50mg per sqare meter), cyclophosphamide(500mg per sqare meter), plus fluorouracil(500mg per sqare meter) for 6 cycles, followed by 12 cycles of paclitaxel (80mg per sqare meter) or 4 cycles of Docetaxel (75mg per sqare meter) as NAC. They underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced T1WI of the entire breast, before and after NAC. On imaging, complete response (iCR) was defined as no enhanced tumor on all serial images. All patients underwent radical or conservative surgery between Jan. 2005 and Dec.2007, and imaging findings were compared with pathologic findings.Results: 43 out of 305 patients had iCR after NAC. 23 out of the iCR (53%) were identified correctly with pCR (no histological evidence of invasive tumor cells). Yet in 20 out of iCR patients (47% ), MRI underestimated the residual tumor. In 17 out of the 20 patients who were underestimated on MRI, resected specimens showed marked response to chemotherapy and only a small amount of residual tumor was detected. In 3 out of 20 patients who were underestimated on MRI, resected specimens showed mild response to chemotherapy, and considerable amount of residual tumor among fibrotic change was detected.Conclusion: MRI seems to reflects pathological conditions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy effectively, and appears to provide good correlation with pCR.53% of the patients who were evaluated as iCR were pCR. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4026.
Low vs High Glycemic Index Diet
Authors: Jennie C. Brand-Miller, Arne Astrup, Anette E. Buyken
Journal: JAMA (2015)

To the Editor In the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial, Dr Sacks and colleagues1 concluded that a 5-week, low glycemic index version of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet did not improve insulin sensitivity or cardiovascular risk factors compared with a higher glycemic index diet.
Protein nanocages for self-triggered nuclear delivery of DNA-targeted chemotherapeutics in Cancer Cells
Authors: Michela Bellini, Serena Mazzucchelli, Elisabetta Galbiati, Silvia Sommaruga, Luisa Fiandra, Marta Truffi, Maria A. Rizzuto, Miriam Colombo, Paolo Tortora, Fabio Corsi, Davide Prosperi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
The evidence base in child protection litigation
Authors: David L Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Medical expert witnesses need legal protection too, to use the evidence effectively 

I n this week's BMJ Gornall points out some of the problems associated with the presentation of medical evidence of child abuse in the United Kingdom. He focuses on the omission from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health's new handbook, Child Protection Companion , of research evidence gathered by two controversial paediatricians—David Southall and Sir Roy Meadow.1

A well developed evidence base exists for child abuse medicine that is suitable for use in litigation for child protection. The published evidence on the abuse and neglect of children begins with a descriptive article by Tardieu (the father of forensic medicine) in 1860.2 He pointed out how medical conditions that he had observed in 32 children defined the abusive nature of the events that had occurred. In 1962 Kempe and colleagues reiterated that doctors could and should infer abuse on the basis of certain medical findings of injury. The “battered child syndrome” that they defined is still a valid concept based on observational …
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Tapasin-Dependent Peptide Loading and Optimization of the MHC Class I Peptide Cargo for Immune Evasion
Authors: Boyoun Park, Youngkyun Kim, Jinwook Shin, Sunray Lee, Kwangmin Cho, Klaus Früh, Sungwook Lee, Kwangseog Ahn
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Indexes of Health Care — Moral Issues (New or Old?) — Skateboard Craze
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE report of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)1 on public expenditure on health, published last year, contains a great deal of statistical information about the pattern of spending on health care by the member countries and discusses the reasons for some of the differences observed. The report emphasizes the point that the main reason for concern about publicly financed health is the aggregate size of its claims on national resources and its fast rise in relation to other components of expenditure. In all the member countries the cost of hospital care is the largest item of public-health . . .
A novel functional assay using etoposide plus nutlin-3a detects and distinguishes between ATM and TP53 mutations in CLL
Authors: O G Best, A C Gardiner, A Majid, R Walewska, B Austen, A Skowronska, R Ibbotson, T Stankovic, M J S Dyer, D G Oscier
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Delayed pressure urticaria, objective evaluation of a variable disease using a dermographometer and assessment of treatment using colchicine
Authors: FRANCES LAWLOR, ANNE KOBZA BLACK, A. MILFORD WARD, R. MORRIS, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A randomized double‐blind placebo controlled trial of colchicine in the treatment of 13 patients with delayed pressure urticaria enabled us to assess some of the variables in this disorder. We have modified a previously described method of pressure testing using a calibrated dermograph‐ometer and shown a pressure induced papular dose response curve. Assessment of disease activity was based on the number of pressure weals which occurred, the size of delayed pressure induced papules using a dermographometer calibrated at 9.75 × 105 pascals for five separate time periods on the back and estimations of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the acute phase protein levels. We have been unable to show a therapeutic effect using colchicine 0.5 mg bd for 1 week.
Ashcroft asks Supreme Court to block Oregon's assisted suicide law
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former attorney general John Ashcroft has asked the US Supreme Court to block Oregon's assisted suicide law, known as the Death with Dignity Act. It was Mr Ashcroft's final move before his recent resignation and is the latest move in a three year battle between the state of Oregon and the federal Justice Department ( BMJ 2004;328:1337).

The act was approved by the state of Oregon in 1994 and reaffirmed in 1997. Oregon is the only state that allows assisted suicide by doctors, by administration of a lethal dose …
Effect of Neck Position During Radionuclide Superior Cavography
Authors: W VINCKEN, P ROELS, R S??NSTAB??, J DeGREVE, A BOSSUYT, M JONCKHEER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

In five patients with substernal goiter, three of whom presented with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, and in five normal subjects, radionuclide superior cavography (RNSC) was performed with extension and flexion of the neck during tracer administration (simultaneous bilateral injection of Tc–99m pertechnetate). When the tracer was injected during neck extension, venous flow pattern was abnormal in four of five patients, and transit time (TT) prolonged in three of five patients. In this posture, mean TT ± 1 standard deviation (SD) was 6.3 ± 2.6 s (range 3.5 to 9 s) for the five patients and 3.5 ± 0.7 s (range 2.5 to 4.5 s) for a group of five control subjects. When the tracer was injected during neck flexion, all five patients showed abnormal flow patterns and prolonged TT (mean ± 1 SD 10.1 ± 4.1 s; range 5.5 to 16 s), in contrast to the control group where a slight decrease in TT was found (mean ± 1 SD 3 ± 0.6 s; range 2 to 3.5 s). In the presence of a substernal goiter, or any mobile mass at the thoracic inlet, impairment of venous flow through the SVC system appears to be a common occurrence, readily detectable by RNSC. RNSC should be performed with neck flexion during tracer injection, since in this posture its ability to detect compromised venous flow through the SVC system is enhanced, even in patients without a clinically apparent SVC syndrome.
Genetic Disorders of Glutathione and Sulfur Amino-Acid Metabolism
Authors: JOSEPH D. SCHULMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Important insights have recently been derived from studies of inborn human defects of sulfur metabolism. Metabolic lesions responsible for homocystinuria have been elucidated, with possible implications for understanding atherogenesis in the general population. The cause of cystinosis remains enigmatic, but important information has been gained on the origin of some stored cystine from degraded protein. Cysteamine and ascorbic acid deplete the cystine content of cystinotic fibroblasts in vitro, and clinical trials with these agents have been undertaken. Studies of patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency have provided new understanding of the roles of glutathione as an antioxidant and as a modulator of microtubule-related processes. Studies of patients with this disorder and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, in which the capacity to maintain glutathione in the reduced state is compromised, indicate that pharmacologic doses of vitamin E can correct certain functional consequences of an inadequate supply of reduced glutathione both in erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of membrane damage in these states of enhanced oxidative susceptibility.
Bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide and lenalidomide combination for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: phase 1 results from the multicenter EVOLUTION study
Authors: S K Kumar, I Flinn, S J Noga, P Hari, R Rifkin, N Callander, M Bhandari, J L Wolf, C Gasparetto, A Krishnan, D Grosman, J Glass, E A Sahovic, H Shi, I J Webb, P G Richardson, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Association between Stevens-Johnson syndrome and benoxaprofen.
Authors: A E Taylor, D Goff, T C Hindson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

urinary excretion rose to 2 17 1/24 h, with chloride 249 mmol/24 h and potassium 178 mmol/24 h.Mean fall in body weight was 0-29 kg/day.The patient became oedema free over two weeks.Case 4-A 40-year-old man with severe ischaemic heart disease presented with congestive cardiac failure.Blood pressure was 170/90 mm Hg.Piretanide was used in incremental doses up to 24 mg daily.On this dose urinary excretion was 1-0 1/24 h, with sodium 39 mmol/24 h, chloride 35 mmol/24 h, and potassium 35 mmol/24 h.Mean fall in body weight was 0-3 kg/day.As oedema persisted, 5 mg metolazone was added.Urinary excretion rose to 2-48 1/24 h, with sodium 210 mmol/24 h, chloride 202 mmol/24 h, and potassium 73 mmol/24 h.Body weight fell by 0-6 kg/day.Oedema cleared over two weeks.Potassium supplements were necessary.
Expansion of CMV-specific CD8+CD45RA+CD27- T cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wendelina J. M. Mackus, Florine N. J. Frakking, Annette Grummels, Laila E. Gamadia, Godelieve J. de Bree, Dörte Hamann, René A. W. van Lier, Marinus H. J. van Oers
Journal: Blood (2003)
Body mass index is the most important determining factor for the degree of insulin resistance in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients in Korea
Authors: Sang Ah Chang, Hee Seung Kim, Kun Ho Yoon, Seung Hyun Ko, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Sung Rae Kim, Won Chul Lee, Soon Jib Yoo, Hyun Sik Son, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho-Young Son, Sung Koo Kang
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Sequential induction of type I and II interferons mediates a long-lasting gene induction in the liver in response to a novel toll-like receptor 9 agonist
Authors: Zuzanna Makowska, Tanja Blumer, François H.T. Duong, Nicola La Monica, Ekambar R. Kandimalla, Markus H. Heim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The histopathological and immunopathological diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the face and scalp
Authors: E. Wilson Jones, C.A. Holden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article The histopathological and immunopathological diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the face and scalp Get access E. Wilson Jones, E. Wilson Jones St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Holden C.A. Holden St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 15–16, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb12967.x Published: 01 July 1985
US government is to promote "wellness" among its employees
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US government has vowed to lead by example in introducing a “new era” of health promotion and illness prevention among federal employees.

John Berry, director of the government’s Office of Personnel Management, said that the federal employment health benefits programme “will be the innovation leader in employer based healthcare” for wellness and prevention. 

Speaking to executives from health insurance programmes serving government employees, Mr Berry said that he wants them to offer “concrete incentives to participate in wellness and prevention activities” from the start of next year. Priority areas will be to reduce the prevalence of obesity and ethnic disparities in health.

The federal government has already changed its health insurance policies in some areas. It now requires that plans offered …
Role ofCYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, andGSTM1 genes in the susceptibility to acute leukemias
Authors: Muge Aydin-Sayitoglu, Ozden Hatirnaz, Nevin Erensoy, Ugur Ozbek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Acute leukemias (ALs) are heterogeneous diseases. Functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding detoxification enzymes cause inter-individual differences, which contribute to leukemia susceptibility. The CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms in ALL (n = 156) and AML (n = 94) patients and 140 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR and/or PCR-RFLP using blood or bone marrow samples. No association was observed between the GSTT1 gene deletion and patients (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.4–1.7 for AMLs and OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5–1.6 for ALLs). Patients with ALL and AML had a higher prevalence of the GSTM1 deletions compared to controls but only the difference among adult AML patients (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0–4.2) was statistically significant. The CYP2D6*3 variant allele frequency was lower in the overall acute leukemia patients (0.6%) compared to controls (P = 0.03). CYP2D6*1/*3 genotype frequency also showed a protective association in AML patients (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–1.7; P = 0.04). We also found a risk association for CYP2E1*5 in ALL and AML (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4–9.4 and OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.4–10.5, respectively). No association was found for the studied CYP2D6*4, CYP1A1*2A, and GSTT1"null" variants and the risk of acute leuke-mia (ALL or AML). This case-control study suggests a contribution of CYP2E1, CYP2D6, and GSTM1 "null" variants to the development of acute leukemias. Am. J. Hematol. 81:162–170, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genome-wide meta-analyses identifies seven loci associated with platelet aggregation in response to agonists
Authors: Andrew D Johnson, Lisa R Yanek, Ming-Huei Chen, Nauder Faraday, Martin G Larson, Geoffrey Tofler, Shiow J Lin, Aldi T Kraja, Michael A Province, Qiong Yang, Diane M Becker, Christopher J O'Donnell, Lewis C Becker
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Predicting postprocedure bleeding in liver disease
Authors: Robertson D. Davenport
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Prophylactic transfusions of fresh frozen plasma and platelets are sometimes given to patients with mild elevations in prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTF) and mild thrombocytopenia before percutaneous liver biopsy. To determine whether PTs and PTFs 1.1-1.5 times midrange normal levels and platelet counts 50-99 × 10 9 /L are associated with increased bleeding complications, hospital records of all patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy during 56 consecutive months (n = 291) were reviewed. Complete information was available for 177 inpatient procedures (155 standard, 22 fine needle). Overall, the frequency of bleeding complications in patients with platelet counts ± 50 × 10 9 /L was 3.4% (6 of 175), with no significant difference between patients with mild hemostatic abnormalities and patients with normal parameters. These data suggest that prophylactic transfusions may not be necessary. One factor was highly associated with bleeding complications: a patient diagnosis of malignancy, 14% (7 of 50) compared with 0.8% (1 of 127) among other patients ( P &lt; 0.001). These patients should be monitored closely after biopsy. To determine whether untreated mild coagulopathy in patients with no evidence of clinical bleeding is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage after paracentesis or thoracentesis, retrospective examination was conducted of 608 consecutive procedures for which prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet (Plt) counts, and preprocedure and postprocedure hemoglobin concentrations were available. There was no increased bleeding in patients with mild to moderate coagulopathy (defined as PT or PTT up to twice the midpoint normal range or plt count of 50 to 99 × 10 3 per μL [50-99 × 10 9 L]). However, patients with markedly elevated serum creatinine levels (6.0 to 14.0 mg/dL [530-1240 μmol/L]) had a significantly greater average hemoglobin loss (–0.82 ± 1.3 g/dL [–8 ± 13 g/L], n = 11) than patients with normal serum creatinine levels (–0.12 ± 088 g/dL [–1 ± 9 g/L], n = 450) (p = 0.011). Overall, the frequency of bleeding complications requiring red cell transfusions was very low: 0.2 percent of events. The most common diagnosis for patients who had paracentesis was alcoholic liver disease (72%); for those having thoracentesis, it was infection (37%). It can be concluded that, for these patients, prophylactic plasma or platelet transfusions are not necessary. Patients with markedly elevated serum creatinine deserve close postprocedure observation.
COMMUNITY CONDITIONS AND PSYCHOSES OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: ERNEST M. GRUENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

Our evidence indicates that there is in the center of the city an area characterized by high first mental hospital admission rates for cerebral arteriosclerotic and senile psychosis, by high first mental hospital admission rates for all the other psychoses taken as a group, by high concentrations of multiple family dwellings, and by high percentages of people living alone. POINTS FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION The foregoing findings indicate a need for studies in the following directions: 1. Determination of whether a disproportionate number of the hospital patients tend [SEE SOURCE PDF FOR TABLES 2,3,4,5] to have been living alone prior to hospitalization. Gerard's(4) study of schizophrenia and Sainsbury's studies of suicides as reported by Aubrey Lewis(5) suggest that this may be true. 2. Determination of whether the cases come disporportionately from multiple family dwellings. This is a much harder question to answer and no simple method for doing so has yet been found. 3. Determination of whether those first admissions who were not living alone at the time of admission were undergoing a process of social isolation without physical isolation. 4. Determination of whether isolation is an early Symptom of psychosis formation, is causative of psychosis, or both. 5. If physical or social isolation are found to be causative, determination of methods by which such isolation may be prevented and by which it can be arrested and reversed once begun.