tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Liver-Gender Disruption in Male Mice
Authors: Arlin B. Rogers, Elizabeth J. Theve, Yan Feng, Rebecca C. Fry, Koli Taghizadeh, Kristen M. Clapp, Chakib Boussahmain, Kathleen S. Cormier, James G. Fox
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a male-predominant cancer associated with chronic hepatitis. Like human viral hepatitis, murine Helicobacter hepaticus infection produces inflammation and HCC with a masculine bias. We used this model to identify potential mechanisms of male HCC predisposition. Male weanling A/JCr mice (n = 67) were gavaged with H. hepaticus or vehicle. At 1 year, mice were distributed into four groups: surgical castration, chemical castration, castration followed by dihydrotestosterone supplementation, or sexually intact controls. Responses to infection were compared with IFN-γ challenge alone. At 21 months, there was no significant difference in hepatitis between groups. Neither castration nor androgen receptor agonism altered tumor incidence. Infected mice with severe, but not mild, disease exhibited a mosaic of alterations to sexually dimorphic genes and microsomal long-chain fatty acids. By microarray, tumorigenic hepatitis was strongly associated with liver-gender disruption, defined as the loss of a gender-identifying hepatic molecular signature. IFN-γ alone produced similar changes, demonstrating a role for proinflammatory cytokines in this process. In conclusion, hepatocarcinogenesis in male mice with chronic hepatitis is maturationally imprinted and androgen-independent. Proinflammatory cytokines may promote HCC in a male-predominant fashion due to high sensitivity of the masculinized liver to loss of sex-specific transcriptional balance. Liver-gender disruption has pleiotropic implications for hepatic enzyme activity, lipid processing, nuclear receptor activation, apoptosis, and proliferation. We propose a multistep model linking chronic hepatitis to liver cancer through cytokine-mediated derangement of gender-specific cellular metabolism. This model introduces a novel mechanism of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis consistent with male-predominant HCC risk. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11536–46]
Cardiac Resuscitation in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Morris Wilburne
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A central coronary care unit together with (1) a program of physiologic and closed circuit television monitoring and (2) an organized step-by-step plan of resuscitation in cardiac arrest due to coronary artery disease is described. The program is designed to prevent death from cardiac arrest in the hospitalized patient with acute coronary disease. The physiologic monitoring system includes a continuous oscilloscopic electrocardiogram and digital readout of arterial pressure or pulse volume simultaneously displayed. Other data also may be obtained. An audio-visual alarm is activated by ventricular fibrillation, cardiac asystole, predetermined changes in ventricular rate, or preselected blood pressure declines. All patients with acute coronary disease are assigned to the coronary care unit. The unit is under continuous supervision of specially trained personnel.
Variation and Outcomes Associated With Direct Hospital Admission Among Children With Pneumonia in the United States
Authors: JoAnna K. Leyenaar, Meng-Shiou Shieh, Tara Lagu, Penelope S. Pekow, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although the majority of children with an unplanned admission to the hospital are admitted through the emergency department (ED), direct admissions constitute a significant proportion of hospital admissions nationally. Despite this, past studies of children have not characterized direct admission practices or outcomes. Pneumonia is the leading cause of pediatric hospitalization in the United States, providing an ideal lens to examine variation and outcomes associated with direct admissions. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe rates and patterns of direct admission in a large sample of US hospitals and to compare resource utilization and outcomes between children with pneumonia admitted directly to a hospital and those admitted from an ED. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study of children 1 to 17 years of age with pneumonia who were admitted to hospitals contributing data to Perspective Data Warehouse. We developed hierarchical generalized linear models to examine associations between admission type and outcomes. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Outcome measures included (1) length of stay, (2) high turnover hospitalization, (3) total hospital cost, (4) transfer to the intensive care unit, and (5) readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 19 736 children from 278 hospitals met eligibility criteria, including 7100 (36.0%) who were admitted directly and 12 636 (64.0%) through the ED. Rates of direct admission varied considerably across hospitals, with a median direct admission rate of 33.3% (interquartile range, 11.1%-50.0%). Children admitted directly were more likely to be white, to have private health insurance, and to be admitted to small, general community hospitals. In adjusted models, children admitted directly had a 9% higher length of stay (risk ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07-1.11]), 39% lower odds of high turnover hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.56-0.66]), and 12% lower cost (risk ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.87-0.90]) than those admitted through the ED, with no significant differences in transfers to the intensive care unit (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.83-2.00]) or 30-day readmissions (OR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.57-1.13]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Increasing rates of direct admission among children with access to outpatient care might be an effective strategy to reduce hospital costs and the volume of patients in the ED. Additional research is needed to establish direct admission policies and procedures that are safe and cost-effective.
Percutaneous Mitral Repair with the MitraClip System in Patients with Moderate and Severe Heart Failure
Authors: R Gökmen Turan, Ilkay Bozdag Turan, Liliya Paranskaya, Ralph Birkemeyer, Stephan Kische, Ibrahim Akin, Jasmin Ortak, Jan Schubert, B. Westphal, Christoph A. Nienaber, Hüseyin Ince
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Vasculitis in Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: David W. White
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to Dr Barner's commentary on vasculitis in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus (235: 2495, 1976), I believe most ophthalmologists will agree with me that it is impossible to make any sweeping generalizations regarding microangiopathy in patients with adult-onset diabetes. We find a wide spectrum in these cases, extending from no evidence of vascular disease to the other end of the spectrum, exemplified by florid diabetic retinopathy with innumerable microaneurysms, neovascularization in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, retinal hemorrhages, and vitreous hemorrhages with all the sequelae that eventually lead to blindness. On the other hand, we also see patients with "brittle" juvenile diabetes mellitus in whom no severe microangiopathy develops during a normal life span. Dr Barner states that the cardiovascular surgeon "recognizes that diabetic microangiopathy does not exist to the extent that it contraindicates operation or a good result thereof," referring to the patients
Scientific Publications in Endoscopic Ultrasonography: A 20-Year Global Survey of the Literature
Authors: P. Fusaroli, R. Vallar, T. Togliani, E. Khodadadian, G. Caletti
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound imaging of mediastinum, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of suspicious lesions, have now been available for several years. Although many papers have been published on endoscopic ultrasonography, a comprehensive overview of the subject matter presented has not yet been carried out. An extensive survey of the literature on endoscopic ultrasonography since its inception in the 1980 s was conducted in this study; key points are summarized. Methods: A computer-based PubMed search system was used to retrieve all available abstracts pertaining to endoscopic ultrasound from 1980 to the present. Data were collected concerning the impact factor, the various EUS instruments and fine-needle aspiration biopsy techniques used, and the subject matter, as well as the journals publishing the abstracts. Results: A total of 1259 articles were published in 65 journals: 440 (35 %) Western European studies, 404 (32 %) American studies, and 321 (26 %) Japanese studies were retrieved. The total and average impact factor per paper was highest for American papers, followed by European papers and Japanese papers. Forty-seven percent of the papers were published in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Endoscopy. The most frequently discussed topics concerned the staging of various malignancies, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. The average sample size per paper was in the range 25 - 50. The various types of study included retrospective inquiries (25 %), reviews (24 %), prospective studies (17 %), and case reports (15 %). Conclusions: Over the course of the past 20 years, there has been a progressive increase in the number of publications pertaining to endoscopic ultrasonography. Large-scale prospective studies are now needed to validate earlier reports. In addition, the diagnostic and therapeutic role of endoscopic ultrasound needs to be more widely publicized among physicians in all health-care fields, so that appropriate patients may be referred.
Left Ventricular Structural Adaptations to Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kengo Usui, John D. Parker, Gary E. Newton, John S. Floras, Clodagh M. Ryan, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea is common among patients with heart failure and exposes the left ventricle to trophic mechanical and adrenergic stimuli. We hypothesized that in heart failure patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (a condition characterized by eccentric hypertrophy), those with obstructive sleep apnea would have a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy by wall thickness criteria (⩾ 12 mm), and greater septal thickness than those without obstructive sleep apnea.Methods and Results: We performed echocardiography and polysomnography in 47 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Obstructive sleep apnea was present in 45% of these patients. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was greater in those with than in those without obstructive sleep apnea (47.6 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.016). Interventricular septal thickness (p < 0.001) and relative wall thickness (p = 0.011) were significantly greater in those with than in those without obstructive sleep apnea. However, there was no significant difference in posterior wall thickness between the groups. The frequency of obstructive apneas and hypopneas during sleep was the only significant independent correlate of septal thickness (p = 0.001).Conclusions: In patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The higher relative wall thickness and interventricular septal thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea indicate that the left ventricle is relatively less eccentric than in patients without obstructive sleep apnea, and that such remodeling affects mainly the septum. These structural adaptations may reflect unique nocturnal mechanical and adrenergic stimuli associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
Effect of Morphine and n-Allylnormorphine on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygen Metabolism
Authors: JOHN H. MOYER, ROBERT PONTIUS, GEORGE MORRIS, ROBERT HERSHBERGER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The cerebral metabolic response to intravenously administered morphine was studied in human volunteers. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral vascular resistance were not altered by this drug although cerebral oxygen uptake was markedly depressed as a result of a decreased extraction of oxygen from the blood circulating through the brain. This response was rapidly reversed following the administration of n-allylnormorphine.
Children in England to get flu vaccine at age 2 years from September
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

All children aged 2 years in England—around 650 000 in total—will be offered a nasal flu vaccine from September 2013 as part of new vaccines schedules announced by the Department of Health and Public Health England.

A small number of pilots to vaccinate primary and pre-school aged children will also run this year, and pilots for secondary school children will run in 2014, to make sure that the NHS is ready to roll out the programme to vaccinate …
Comparing Moral Judgments of Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia and Frontal Stroke
Authors: Sandra Baez, Blas Couto, Teresa Torralva, Luciano A. Sposato, David Huepe, Patricia Montañes, Pablo Reyes, Diana Matallana, Nora S. Vigliecca, Andrea Slachevsky, Facundo Manes, Agustin Ibanez
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Several clinical reports have stated that patients with prefrontal lesions or patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia share social cognition impairments. Moral reasoning is impaired in both conditions but there have been few investigations that directly compare this domain in the 2 groups.This work compared the moral judgments of these patient groups using a task designed to disentangle the contributions of intentions and outcomes in moral judgment. For both disorders, patients judged scenarios where the protagonists believed that they would cause harm but did not as being more permissible than the control group. Moreover, patients with frontotemporal dementia judged harmful outcomes in the absence of harmful intentions as less permissible than the control participants. There were no differences between the 2 conditions.Both disorders involved impairments in integrating intention and outcome information for moral judgment. This study was the first, to our knowledge, to directly compare a social cognition domain in 2 frontal pathologies with different etiology. Our results highlighted the importance of comparing patients with vascular lesions and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
HIF-1α Confers Aggressive Malignant Traits on Human Tumor Cells Independent of Its Canonical Transcriptional Function
Authors: Young-Gun Yoo, Jared Christensen, L. Eric Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Hypoxia is known to favor tumor survival and progression. Numerous studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, is overexpressed in various types of human cancers and upregulates a battery of hypoxia-responsive genes for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Although tumor progression involves the acquisition of genetic and/or epigenetic changes that confer additional malignant traits, the underlying mechanisms of these changes remain obscure. We recently identified an alternative mechanism of HIF-1α function by which HIF-1α suppresses DNA repair by counteracting c-Myc transcriptional activity that maintains gene expression. Here, we show that this HIF-α-c-Myc pathway plays an essential role in mediating hypoxic effects on malignant progression via genetic alterations, resulting in the formation of malignant tumors with aggressive local invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We show an absolute requirement of the HIF-α-c-Myc pathway for malignant progression, whereas the canonical transcription function of HIF-1α alone is insufficient and seemingly dispensable. This study indicates that HIF-1α induction of genetic alteration is the underlying cause of tumor progression, especially by the hypoxic microenvironment.
Esophageal stents for benign refractory strictures: a meta-analysis
Authors: T. Thomas, K. Abrams, V. Subramanian, J. Mannath, K. Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Thomas et al., pp. 386Endoscopy 2011; 43(05): 464-464DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291800
Electric Uterine Morcellation
Authors: Alexander Melamed
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Drs Kho and Nezhat1 discussed the risks associated with electric morcellation of uterine tissue within a patient’s abdomen, a practice that is common in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. The authors suggested that current evidence is insufficient to estimate the harm that results from dissemination of an occult uterine leiomyosarcoma when morcellation is used for presumed fibroids. The authors also stated that devices that allow surgeons to perform electric morcellation inside an endoscopic bag are “being developed.” I would like to discuss both points.
Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes
Authors: Ylisabyth S. Bradshaw
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ceramide Changes the Mediator of Flow-Induced Vasodilation From Nitric Oxide to Hydrogen Peroxide in the Human Microcirculation
Authors: Julie K. Freed, Andreas M. Beyer, John A. LoGiudice, Joseph C. Hockenberry, David D. Gutterman
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Mitochondrial-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates flow-induced dilation (FID) in microvessels from patients with coronary artery disease. The relationship between ceramide, an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and a known inducer of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and FID is unknown.We examined the hypothesis that exogenous ceramide induces a switch in the mediator of FID from nitric oxide to H2O2.Internal diameter changes of resistance arterioles from human adipose and atrial tissue were measured by video microscopy. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was assayed in arterioles using mito peroxy yellow 1. Polyethylene glycol-catalase, rotenone, and Mito-TEMPO impaired FID in healthy adipose arterioles pretreated with ceramide, whereas N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester had no effect. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was induced in response to flow in healthy adipose vessels pretreated with ceramide, and this was abolished in the presence of polyethylene glycol-catalase. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ceramide accumulation in arterioles from both healthy patients and patients with coronary artery disease. N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester reduced vasodilation to flow in adipose as well as atrial vessels from patients with coronary artery disease incubated with GW4869, a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, whereas polyethylene glycol-catalase had no effect.Our data indicate that ceramide has an integral role in the transition of the mediator of FID from nitric oxide to mitochondrial-derived H2O2 and that inhibition of ceramide production can revert the mechanism of dilation back to nitric oxide. Ceramide may be an important target for preventing and treating vascular dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis.
Sexual Activity in Patients With Angina
Authors: Robert F. DeBusk
Journal: JAMA (2003)

COITAL ANGINA IS ANGINA THAT occurs during the minutes or hours following sexual activity. More than 6 million individuals in the United States experience angina pectoris. Coital angina appears to represent less than 5% of all anginal attacks. For various reasons, fewer middle aged or older women engage in sexual activity than age-matched men. Accordingly, the prevalence of coital angina is higher in men than in women. The comparative physical demands of sexual activity in men and women are unknown. Frequency of coitus diminishes with age in both women and men, especially after the onset of coronary artery disease, which occurs some 10 years later in women than in men. Coital angina is rare in patients who do not have angina during strenuous physical exertion. It is more prevalent in sedentary individuals with severe coronary artery disease who experience angina with minimal physical activity. Among these sedentary individuals, myocardial oxygen demand during coitus may exceed that during customary activities of daily living; for these individuals, sex may be a provocative test.
Home births and minimal medical interventions
Authors: P. E. Treffers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Dutch system of obstetric care is attracting increasing attention from various parts of the world because of the large number of home births and the relatively low rate of medical intervention. The opinion prevalent among professionals and the general public is that pregnancy and labor are fundamentally normal events that only require medical intervention if there is a valid reason. Until recently, the small scale of the independent practices of midwives, general practitioners, and obstetricians providing medical and obstetric care in the country hampered the collection of reliable scientific information. The development of a national obstetric database is in an advanced stage, but up to now only limited statistical data are provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Maternity Home Help Organization. New information recently became available from several research projects, providing more insight into the effectiveness of the system.  GENERAL INFORMATION  After 1945 the percentage of
Perioperative creatine kinase elevation is a strong predictor of early and late mortality after coronary bypass grafting
Authors: Imad Tleyieh, Khaled M. Ziada, Amjad Almahameed, Ahmed Abdel Latif, David R. Nelson, E.Murat Tuzcu, Bruce W. Lytle, Jean-Pierre Yared, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
On a New Mode of Relieving Retention of Urine
Authors: Langston Parker
Journal: BMJ (1859)

nnder the care of M\r.De AMRric, on account of hypertrophy of the clitoris, and eniargement of the left labium, with a large crop of vegetations.The clitoris was of the size of a hen's egg.There were little scars of chickenpock about the thighs and legs.
Laparoscopic/laparoscopic-assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is associated with less post-operative pain, fewer post-operative complications and a quicker return to normal function than open AAA repair
Authors: Philip C. Bennett, Ijaz Ahmad, Sohail Choksy, Simon MacKenzie, Christopher Backhouse, Adam Q. Howard
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Long-term follow-up of isolated coronary artery bypass for ischemic cardiomyopathy: Results from multi-national study
Authors: Jaishankar Raman, Pallav J. Shah, Brian F. Buxton, David L. Hare, Satoshi Furokawa, Paul Mather, Valluvan Jeevanandam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)