tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associated risk factors for silent cerebral infarcts in sickle cell anemia: low baseline hemoglobin, sex, and relative high systolic blood pressure
Authors: Michael R. DeBaun, Sharada A. Sarnaik, Mark J. Rodeghier, Caterina P. Minniti, Thomas H. Howard, Rathi V. Iyer, Baba Inusa, Paul T. Telfer, Melanie Kirby-Allen, Charles T. Quinn, Françoise Bernaudin, Gladstone Airewele, Gerald M. Woods, Julie Ann Panepinto, Beng Fuh, Janet K. Kwiatkowski, Allison A. King, Melissa M. Rhodes, Alexis A. Thompson, Mark E. Heiny, Rupa C. Redding-Lallinger, Fenella J. Kirkham, Hernan Sabio, Corina E. Gonzalez, Suzanne L. Saccente, Karen A. Kalinyak, John J. Strouse, Jason M. Fixler, Mae O. Gordon, J. Phillip Miller, Michael J. Noetzel, Rebecca N. Ichord, James F. Casella
Journal: Blood (2011)
CLINICAL-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EPILEPSY
Authors: Abraham Wikler
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Although correlations of a high degree of statistical significance have been demonstrated between changes in the electroencephalogram and certain clinical conditions, notably in epilepsy and focal  brain lesions, every electroencephalographer is aware that dissociation of the electroencephalographic pattern and the clinical status is not uncommon. To the investigator, these facts are of great importance, since they suggest clues regarding the  significance of rhythmical cortical electrical activity. From the clinician's standpoint, however, such discrepancies are disappointing; for, in spite of logical reasons to the contrary, 1 the hope is still widespread that a laboratory test will someday be found that will furnish clinical diagnoses. Experience with electroencephalography has shown that this is not the case, but the view is still prevalent that with the aid of the electroencephalogram one can distinguish between functional (usually meaning psychogenic) and organic (usually meaning nonpsychogenic) states.  It is the purpȯse of this paper
Reducing Opioid Abuse and Diversion
Authors: S. Fitzgibbons
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Adolescent
Authors: Patrick Remington
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —We are writing to respond to the article by Blum1entitled Contemporary Threats to Adolescent Health in the United States that appeared in the June 26 issue ofJAMA. Dr Blum's article provides a comprehensive perspective on the health problems that today's teenagers face in our society. Problems such as injuries, violence, and teenage pregnancies are immediate and compelling concerns for physicians who care for adolescents. Although Dr Blum mentions tobacco and alcohol abuse, other significant threats to the future cardiovascular health of adolescents, such as obesity, physical inactivity, elevated blood cholesterol level, and high blood pressure, are not discussed.  The life-styles and health habits that influence the major modifiable risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease are adopted during early childhood and adolescence.2Unfortunately, efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease usually are delayed until these behaviors are firmly established in adult life. The resulting emphasis on
Ethical Foundations of Health System Reform
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Brock and Daniels<sup>1</sup>provide an interesting account of the ethical foundations of President Clinton's proposed health care system. They claim: "Important, widely shared ethical principles and values are involved in both the design of and the debates over the Clinton health care system reform proposal." Is this the case? None of their references are to empirical literature about the values that Americans actually have about health care, the right to health care in particular. This is an old idea, having been articulated by the French revolutionaries in the late 18th century as a right to "prompt, free, guaranteed, and total care."<sup>2</sup>The ideas promulgated during the French Revolution were well known in the then new United States, but this one was not adopted here. Indeed, attention to our history shows that we have never adopted the value of health care as a universal right.
Hypertensive target organ damage is attenuated by a p38 MAPK inhibitor: role of systemic blood pressure and endothelial protection
Authors: A OLZINSKI, T MCCAFFERTY, S ZHAO, D BEHM, M EYBYE, K MANISCALCO, R BENTLEY, K FRAZIER, C MILLINER, R MIRABILE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Evidence suggests important relationships among chronic inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and target organ damage. The present study examined the effects of chronic treatment with an anti-inflammatory p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (SB-239063AN) in the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-treated spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR+l-NAME) model of severe hypertension and accelerated target organ damage. Methods: SHRs were divided into control (n=16), l-NAME (n=26) and l-NAME+SB-239063AN (n=24) groups. l-NAME was delivered by the drinking water ad lib (50 mg/L) and SB-239063AN was administered by the diet (1200 ppm) for 4 weeks. Arterial blood pressure (telemetry) and target organ damage (kidney, heart, and vasculature) were examined. Results: The introduction of l-NAME to the drinking water elicited a severe/sustained increase in blood pressure and significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic treatment with SB-239063AN had no effect on the initial blood pressure response (7 days) to l-NAME but attenuated subsequent increases in diastolic blood pressure and significantly reduced morbidity/mortality (42% vs. 5%, p<0.002). Renal dysfunction characterized by increased total protein and albumin excretion was apparent within 2 weeks in the SHR+l-NAME groups. Treatment with SB-239063AN delayed the onset of proteinuria and albuminuria. SB-239063AN treatment also significantly reduced l-NAME-induced interstitial fibrosis in the kidney and restrictive concentric hypertrophy in the left ventricle (end-diastolic volume 0.24 ± 0.05 vs. 0.41 ± 0.05 ml; p<0.05). Endothelial dysfunction was also not altered by SB-239063AN treatment (Rmax 49 ± 6% vs. 45 ± 9%).
Mucosal T‐cell phenotypes in persistent atopic and nonatopic rhinitis show an association with mast cells
Authors: D. G. Powe, R. S. Huskisson, A. S. Carney, D. Jenkins, A. R. McEuen, A. F. Walls, N. S. Jones
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by selective expansion of T cell subsets with a CD4+ phenotype. Recently, we identified a subpopulation of nonallergic rhinitis subjects with increased epithelial mast cell and eosinophil populations, suggestive of local mucosal allergy. Previously, T cell subsets have not been characterized in this subselection of nonallergic subjects and furthermore, their relationship to mast cell and basophil effector cells remain unidentified.To determine if a subpopulation of nonallergic subjects with idiopathic rhinitis (IR) have localized allergy confined to their nasal mucosa by comparing the T cell subsets and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II expressing cells to persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR). Furthermore, the relationship between T cell subsets and mast cells/basophils was investigated.None of the symptomatic patients in this study were clinically allergen-challenged. Nasal turbinate mucosa was removed from patients with PAR, IR and normal controls. Morphometry was performed on immunostained sections for T cell subset populations including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRalpha (MHC class II), mast cell tryptase and for basophils.Subjects with persistent allergic rhinitis differed to normal controls in showing significantly increased numbers of total (CD3+), activated (CD25+) and allergen-naïve (CD45RA+) T lymphocytes in their nasal mucosa (P < 0.025). The naïve CD45RA+ memory T cells correlated to mucosal mast cells in PAR (P = 0.03). IR patients differ to allergic subjects in showing significantly reduced numbers of epithelial HLA-DRalpha+ cells (P = 0.007), but increased numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0.02). The CD8+ T cells correlated with mucosal mast cell numbers (P = 0.02). In both rhinitis groups, basophils were present in very low numbers obviating the need for statistical analysis.PAR is characterized by increased numbers of CD3+, CD25+ and CD45RA+ T lymphocytes compared with normal mucosa. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis groups can be separated by significant differences in the number of epithelial antigen presenting cells (APCs) (HLA-DRalpha+) and sub-epithelial activated (CD25+) T cells. Moreover, IR patients do not significantly differ to their allergic counterparts with respect to total (CD3+) and naïve (CD45RA+) T cell numbers, or numbers of epithelial activated (CD25+) lymphocytes. IR subjects show significantly increased numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes compared with control mucosa and although our findings suggest that the initiating inflammatory events may differ, both rhinitis groups show a similarity in pathology involving mucosal mast cells with an association to infiltrating T cells.
FURTHER FOLLOW-UP RESULTS IN INSULIN-SHOCK THERAPY
Authors: E. D. BOND, T. D. RIVERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

The results of insulin-shock therapy, with an immediate recovery rate of 55 per cent, show a tendency to level off at about 33 per cent in the second, third, and fourth years. (This tendency continues in the few cases which could be followed for 5 years.) With an immediate recovery rate 5 times that of control cases in the Pennsylvania Hospital and with a long distance recovery rate twice that of controls, the therapy seems justified. Three cases died of insulin-shock. In the other 185 cases there seem to be no signs of brain damage and no signs of mental deterioration greater than is found in schizophrenic patients not treated by shock. Eight recovered patients are doing their work with judgment and initiative 5 years after the termination of therapy. Two more made "spontaneous" recoveries some years after discharge from the hospital. In all, there are 7 deaths in the insulin-shock group of 188; in a control group of 116 patients there were 10 deaths. The control group was followed for a greater average number of years, but the deaths seem to be about in proportion to those of the insulin group. The good results from insulin treatment were produced at once—in about 6 weeks from the beginning of treatment. The good results in the control cases came in half the cases years after the admission to the hospital. In 13 of the cases recorded after the first year as unimproved, there were good remissions of at least one year (totalling 15 years) in which the patients supported themselves. The difficulties in finding the prognosis in schizophrenia are well brought out in the papers of Romano and Ebaugh(2), Rupp and Fletcher(3), with their attached references. The therapeutic activity which is involved in insulin-shock, with the remarkable immediate results visible to other patients and to nurses and physicians, creates hope in patients, families of patients, and staff. It opens a door for research into the psychological, cortical, metabolic nature of schizophrenia.
Immunohistochemical Patterns of Reactive Microenvironment Are Associated With Clinicobiologic Behavior in Follicular Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Tomás Álvaro, Marylène Lejeune, Maria-Teresa Salvadó, Carlos Lopez, Joaquín Jaén, Ramón Bosch, Lluis E. Pons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Recent molecular data have suggested that non-neoplastic cells are powerful modulators that may confer a selective advantage or disadvantage on the outcome of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. Patients and Methods The prevalence of the principal inflammatory and immune-infiltrated cells was measured immunohistochemically in the tissue of 211 FL patients, and associations were sought with their traditional clinicobiologic characteristics. Results Our results confirmed the presence of a large number of T lymphocytes (CD4 + and CD8 + ) and CD57 + cells and, at a moderate level, the presence of TIA-1 + cytotoxic cells, CD68 + macrophages, CD123 + plasmacytoid cells, and FOXP3 + regulatory T cells among the pool of non-neoplastic cells. In addition to the conventional clinical variables, univariate analysis identified a low level of infiltrated CD8 + T lymphocytes as a significantly negative prognostic factor of overall survival. The following significant differences in the abundance of cells of specific and nonspecific immunity were observed in relation to the clinicobiologic features of FL: (1) a reactive microenvironment mainly made up of T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly associated with a favorable clinical behavior of FL patients; and (2) a reactive microenvironment infiltrated predominantly by CD57 + T cells was associated with a significantly higher frequency of adverse clinicobiologic manifestations such as “B” symptoms and bone marrow involvement. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the existence of two specific patterns in the reactive microenvironment of FL, an immunosurveillance pattern (T lymphocytes and macrophages) and an immune-escape pattern (CD57 + T cells), that were directly associated with the clinicobiologic features of these patients.
But is it evolution…?
Authors: Roger J. Sullivan, Edward H. Hagen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract We applaud Müller &amp; Schumann (M&amp;S) for bringing needed attention to the problem of motivation for common non-addictive drug use, as opposed to the usual focus on exotic drugs and addiction. Unfortunately, their target article has many underdeveloped and sometimes contradictory ideas. Here, we will focus on three key issues.
Xenobiotic Kidney Organogenesis from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a Growing Rodent Embryo
Authors: Takashi Yokoo, Akira Fukui, Toya Ohashi, Yoichi Miyazaki, Yasunori Utsunomiya, Tetsuya Kawamura, Tatsuo Hosoya, Masataka Okabe, Eiji Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Given the limits of allogenic organ transplantation, an ultimate therapeutic solution is to establish a self-organ from autologous stem cells and transplant them as syngrafts back into donor patients. It was reported previously that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) that are cultivated in growing rodent embryos can differentiate within a spatially and temporally appropriate developmental milieu, facilitating the first step of nephrogenesis. As another step toward clinical application, the system was modified for progression to complete functional organogenesis. Rat embryos (E11.5) were isolated from uteri, and bone marrow-derived hMSC, which were transfected adenovirally with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and retrovirally with LacZ, were implanted into the nephrogenic site. Forty-eight hours later, ureteric buds were elongated and initial branching was completed. The metanephroi were dissected out, developed further using in vitro organ culture for 24 h, transplanted into the omentum of a uninephrectomized rat, and grown for 2 wk. They enlarged and exhibited normal kidney structure and ultrastructure. hMSC-derived LacZ-positive cells were identified throughout the regenerated kidney and were morphologically identical to resident renal cells. Transplantation of developing metanephroi into the LacZ transgenic rat revealed that neo-kidney vasculature originated from the host circulation. Finally, fluid was collected from expanded ureters, and urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured. Levels were much higher in these fluids compared with transplanted rat sera (840.3 +/- 184.6 versus 30.4 +/- 10.8 and 10.1 +/- 3.1 versus 0.3 +/- 0.2 mg, respectively), suggesting that the neo-kidney may produce urine. Taken together, these findings suggest that hMSC can differentiate into a mature renal structure with the potential to replace lost kidney function.
Oral 1, ‘Colour coded’: skin pigment and young people in the West Midlands
Authors: C. Moss, M. Walters, J. Edgar, K. Gilchrist
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Skin colour affects the lives of young people culturally, socially, emotionally and medically. This project was conceived by a young black film‐maker from Handsworth to explore how young people feel about their particular skin pigmentation. Together with the TV company Resource Base and the Dermatology Department at Birmingham Children's Hospital he applied successfully to the Wellcome Trust for a Pulse award which provides funding for arts projects which engage young people with biomedical science. The aims were to engage young people from the Black community in the West Midlands in raising awareness of the determinants of skin colour, and to develop scientific understanding and also film‐making and marketing skills of those participating. The film crew and professionals met with young people from ethnic minorities in homes, community centres, schools and on the streets. About 30 took part in developing the music video, another 40 in workshops leading to the drama production, 20 in filmed discussions of their perceptions of skin colour, and six in filming and post‐production work. Material was checked for scientific accuracy by the dermatology team. The resulting DVD features a short drama about skin‐lightening treatment, and a rap, both written, performed and filmed by the group. Other features include a discussion about skin colour, and question‐and‐answer sessions with members of the dermatology team. The DVD, which was launched at The Birmingham Artsfest on 9th September 2006, will be marketed to schools throughout the U.K. This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust.
Localized pemphigoid shares the same target antigen as bullous pemphigoid
Authors: H. SOH, H. HOSOKAWA, H. MIYAUCHI, H. IZUMI, Y. ASADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A case of localized pemphigoid is described in which the lesions were only on the lower legs. Immunoblotting of the patients' serum reacted with a 240‐kDa polypeptide identical to one of the bullous pemphigoid antigens. IgG1 was detected in the lesional skin and IgG1 and IgG4 in the patient's serum. These observations suggest that the immunopathological mechanisms in the blister formation in localized pemphigoid are similar to those found in more widespread bullous pemphigoid.
Regulation of the Transient Outward K <sup>+</sup> Current by Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases II in Human Atrial Myocytes
Authors: Sophie Tessier, Peter Karczewski, Ernst-Georg Krause, Yves Pansard, Christophe Acar, Michel Lang-Lazdunski, Jean-Jacques Mercadier, Stéphane N. Hatem
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII) have important functions in regulating cardiac excitability and contractility. In the present study, we examined whether CaMKII regulated the transient outward K + current ( I to ) in whole-cell patch-clamped human atrial myocytes. We found that a specific CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93 (20 μmol/L), but not its inactive analog, KN-92, accelerated the inactivation of I to (τ fast : 66.9±4.4 versus 43.0±4.4 ms, n=35; P &lt;0.0001) and inhibited its maintained component (at +60 mV, 4.9±0.4 versus 2.8±0.4 pA/pF, n=35; P &lt;0.0001), leading to an increase in the extent of its inactivation. Similar effects were observed by dialyzing cells with a peptide corresponding to CaMKII residues 281 to 309 or with autocamtide-2–related inhibitory peptide and by external application of the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium, which also suppressed the effects of KN-93. Furthermore, the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (500 nmol/L) slowed I to inactivation, increased I sus , and inhibited the effects of KN-93. Changes in [Ca 2+ ] i by dialyzing cells with ≈30 nmol/L Ca 2+ or by using the fast Ca 2+ buffer BAPTA had opposite effects on I to . In BAPTA-loaded myocytes, I to was less sensitive to KN-93. In myocytes from patients in chronic atrial fibrillation, characterized by a prominent I sus , KN-93 still increased the extent of inactivation of I to . Western blot analysis of atrial samples showed that δ-CaMKII expression was enhanced during chronic atrial fibrillation. In conclusion, CaMKII control the extent of inactivation of I to in human atrial myocytes, a process that could contribute to I to alterations observed during chronic atrial fibrillation.
Protective Effect of a New Anti‐Asthmatic Agent (Minocromil) in Bronchial Allergen Challenge Tests
Authors: U. G. Svendsen, L. Frølund, F. Madsen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Ten patients were included in a double‐blind crossover trial, designed to compare the effects of a new anti‐asthmatic agent Minocromil, an organic decarboxylic acid, and placebo on bronchial allergen challenge. The challenges were performed at weekly intervals. Significant differences in favour of Minocromil were found in the concentration of antigen reached at which FEV 1 fell below 20 % of baseline. This was confirmed by analysis of the decrease in FEV 1 recorded at the highest concentrations of antigens, which showed statistically significant differences in favour of Minocromil.
Massachusetts plans to cut healthcare costs
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Massachusetts, the US state that enacted universal health insurance for its residents in 2006, has now approved a plan to control healthcare costs.

Last week the Massachusetts state legislature agreed on a bill to control healthcare costs over the next 15 years. Governor Deval Patrick, who has set a priority on controlling health costs, said that he will sign the bill into law. It aims to reduce the growth in healthcare costs while improving the quality of care; savings of $200bn (£130bn; €162bn) are predicted over the next 15 years.

The bill says that healthcare costs cannot rise faster than the …