tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rural population mixing and childhood leukaemia: effects of the North Sea oil industry in Scotland, including the area near Dounreay nuclear site.
Authors: L J Kinlen, F O'Brien, K Clarke, A Balkwill, F Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if any excess of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma was associated with certain striking examples of population mixing in rural Scotland produced by the North Sea oil industry. DESIGN--Details were traced for over 30,000 workers involved in the construction of the large oil terminals in the Shetland and Orkney islands in northern Scotland or employed offshore. Home addresses of the 17,160 Scottish residents were postcoded, integrated with census data, and then classified as urban or rural. Rural postcode sectors, ranked by proportion of oil workers, were grouped into three categories with similar numbers of children but contrasting densities of oil workers. The incidence of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma was examined in these rural (and also in urban) categories in the periods 1974-8, 1979-83 and 1984-8. SETTING--Scotland. SUBJECTS--Young people below age 25. RESULTS--A significant excess of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma was found in 1979-83 in the group of rural home areas with the largest proportion of oil workers, following closely on large increases in the workforce. The area near the Dounreay nuclear installation, where an excess of leukaemia is already well known, was within the rural high oil category. CONCLUSION--The findings support the infection hypothesis that population mixing can increase the incidence of childhood leukaemia in rural areas. They also suggest that the recent excess in the Dounreay-Thurso area is due to population mixing linked to the oil industry, promoted by certain unusual local demographic factors.
Monoallelic Methylation of the <b> <i>APC</i> </b> Promoter Is Altered in Normal Gastric Mucosa Associated with Neoplastic Lesions
Authors: Geneviève Clément, Fred T. Bosman, Charlotte Fontolliet, Jean Benhattar
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) promoter hypermethylation has been reported frequently in normal gastric mucosa, but it remained to be clarified whether this occurs in every individual. In this study, methylation of the APC promoter was analyzed in histologically normal-appearing gastric mucosa samples by methylation-sensitive single-strand conformation analysis and by a methylation-sensitive dot blot assay. Epithelial cell samples were collected by microdissection from tissue sections. Equal amounts of methylated and unmethylated APC alleles were found in all gastric mucosa samples from patients without any gastric lesions (20 samples). Allele-specific methylation analysis showed that the methylation of the APC promoter was monoallelic; however, which allele was methylated depended on the cell type. Increased or decreased methylation was found in 10 of 36 (28%) normal gastric mucosa samples adjacent to a gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma. No allelic loss was found at the APC locus. Modification of the methylation status was also found in 3 of 21 (14%) normal-appearing gastric mucosa samples adjacent to intestinal metaplasia. In contrast, all normal mucosa samples in cases with chronic gastritis but without metaplasia or dysplasia showed a monoallelic methylation pattern. Our results indicate the following: (a) In normal gastric mucosa, the APC promoter shows monoallelic methylation, which is not due to imprinting but most likely due to allelic exclusion; (b) the excluded allele differs between foveolar and glandular epithelial cells; (c) the APC methylation pattern is frequently altered in normal-appearing gastric mucosa of gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma patients; and (d) such alterations also occur in normal gastric mucosa adjacent to intestinal metaplasia.
Crimes and misdescriptions
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The importance of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family in xenobiotic metabolism, as well as their differential expression and activity in response to a wide range of environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals, is well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification technique for the detection of multiple rat CYPs from hepatocellular RNA. Oligonucleotide probe sets were designed to various chemically inducible rat CYP mRNA transcripts, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/23, and CYP4A2/3. The robustness of the bDNA assay was assessed with the CYP2B1/2-specific probe set, and total RNA was isolated from control and phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats. Analysis of these RNA samples by bDNA signal amplification resulted in a linear quantifiable range of RNA detection that spanned three orders of magnitude (0.1–100 μg of total RNA). The fidelity of the bDNA assay was evaluated within a single assay and between assays where repeated measurements of a single sample were reproduced reliably. The specificity of individual CYP probe sets was evaluated with five typical CYP-inducing chemicals on the expression of specific hepatic CYP mRNA transcripts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 3-methylcholanthrene, PB, isoniazid, pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile, or clofibric acid to induce transcription of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/23, and CYP4A2/3 mRNA, respectively. Analysis of chemical-induced differences in gene expression by bDNA signal amplification indicated that 3-methylcholanthrene induced CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA levels 670- and 11-fold, respectively; PB induced CYP2B1/2 expression 71-fold; pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile induced CYP3A1/23 expression 34-fold; and clofibric acid induced CYP4A2/3 expression 4.7-fold. Overall, these data support the use of bDNA signal amplification technology as a robust, reproducible, and efficient means of monitoring the differential expression of multiple isoforms of the CYP enzyme family.
Mallory bodies in hepatic neoplasms: What does it mean?
Authors: Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Evidence has been accumulating that Mallory body (MB) is a heritable phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis in some carcinogen-fed animals. This prompted us to try to evaluate the MB phenomenon in human HCCs, in which its significance remains unclear to date. Whole liver slices were obtained from 28 autopsied livers in which MB-positive HCC was found, and distribution of MBs within the HCC was examined. There were three distribution patterns: clustering, diffuse, and sparse types. The clustering type was the most frequent and was found in 21 of the 28 cases. In this type, there was a formation of groups of the MB-containing cells within the HCC, and the cluster of MB-positive cells was variable in number, size, and shape. There was often a sharp border line between MB-positive clusters and the surrounding MB-negative HCC cell areas where a collision line could occasionally be seen. Some of the MB-containing HCC cells were positive for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and α-fetoprotein. These data led the authors to speculate that MB-positive HCC cells in human livers are capable of proliferation to form the clusters and that therefore, MBs are expressed as a kind of heritable phenotype in such clusters.
Treatment of Lymphoma With Radiolabeled Antibody: Elimination of Tumor Cells Lacking Target Antigen
Authors: Cynthia Nourigat, Christopher C. Badger, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Treatment of Lymphoma With Radiolabeled Antibody: Elimination of Tumor Cells Lacking Target Antigen Get access Cynthia Nourigat, Cynthia Nourigat Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher C. Badger, Christopher C. Badger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Irwin D. Bernstein Irwin D. Bernstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 47–50, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.47 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 16 May 1989 Revision received: 11 September 1989 Accepted: 19 September 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
Acceleration of the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after verapamil.
Authors: S Gulamhusein, P Ko, S G Carruthers, G J Klein
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We examined the electrophysiologic effects of verapamil in eight patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Verapamil shortened the antegrade effective refractory period of the accessory pathway in three patients and abbreviated the shortest cycle length with 1:1 conduction over the accessory pathway in two patients. More significantly, verapamil decreased the shortest RR interval between preexcited ventricular complexes during atrial fibrillation (279 +/- 20 msec vs 236 +/- 18 msec, mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.01). After verapamil, two patients required cardioversion for hemodynamic deterioration after acceleration of the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation. In the four patients with predominantly preexcited ventricular complexes during atrial fibrillation the ventricular rate accelerated after verapamil, whereas in patients with predominantly normal ventricular complexes, the average ventricular rate decreased or did not change after verapamil. Verapamil may result in significant acceleration of ventricular response during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The safety of verapamil in individual patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome should be established by electrophysiologic testing before its use.
Plasma erythropoietin in chronic uraemia.
Authors: R. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1965)

imposed at the time of the clinic and in the subsequent few weeks.The sharpest criticism of multiphasic screening is that the patient, having successfully completed the tests, emerges with what he imagines is a clean bill of health.Though we tried hard to dispel this attitude, it is difficult to impress on each individual that a negative result does not necessarily imply the absence of other disease, either at the time of the test or in the future.The next clinic is being planned on broadly similar lines but with the inclusion of tests for visual acuity and glaucoma.The clinic will be held for two weeks, mainly to deal with unsatisfied demand but also to enable women who may be menstruating to be examined for cervical carcinoma.Instruction will be given in self-examination of the female breast.In the case of the anaemia test, venous blood will be obtained from those failing the initial drop-test, and this will be submitted for full haematological examination.Pre-loading with glucose should raise the number of diabetics detected to a more acceptable level.The administrative arrangements will also be improved. SummaryAt a multiple screening clinic held in Rotherham for one week the attendance was 3,753.Eight positive cervical smears were reported, and seven new diabetics were diagnosed.We discovered 178 cases of anaemia, 99 of chest diseases, 30 of significant deafness, and many minor gynaecological conditions.Most of these cases were unknown to the family doctor.The organization and aims of such clinics are discussed, and it is emphasized that close co-operation between the three branches of the Service is required.The local general practitioners were most helpful and encourag- ing, and willingly undertook the additional work.We are grateful to the following consultants who freely gave advice and help and to whom many of the patients were referred for further investigation:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN DOUBLE ZONE BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI IN THE UDDER OF THE COW
Authors: Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Human strains of double zone beta hemolytic streptococci produced mastitis in 11 quarters of 4 young cows. Following the acute phase of the infection, the streptococci were eliminated from 6 quarters at various intervals. However, sufficient positive infections were maintained throughout the period of observation to show that the human strains can produce the same degree of infection as bovine double zone beta hemolytic streptococci.
Fog2 is critical for cardiac function and maintenance of coronary vasculature in the adult mouse heart
Authors: Bin Zhou, Qing Ma, Sek Won Kong, Yongwu Hu, Patrick H. Campbell, Francis X. McGowan, Kate G. Ackerman, Bingruo Wu, Bin Zhou, Sergei G. Tevosian, William T. Pu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Aberrant transcriptional regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of both congenital and adult forms of heart disease. While the transcriptional regulator friend of Gata 2 (FOG2) is known to be essential for heart morphogenesis and coronary development, its tissue-specific function has not been previously investigated. Additionally, little is known about the role of FOG2 in the adult heart. Here we used spatiotemporally regulated inactivation of Fog2 to delineate its function in both the embryonic and adult mouse heart. Early cardiomyocyte-restricted loss of Fog2 recapitulated the cardiac and coronary defects of the Fog2 germline murine knockouts. Later cardiomyocyte-restricted loss of Fog2 (Fog2MC) did not result in defects in cardiac structure or coronary vessel formation. However, Fog2MC adult mice had severely depressed ventricular function and died at 8–14 weeks. Fog2MC adult hearts displayed a paucity of coronary vessels, associated with myocardial hypoxia, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Induced inactivation of Fog2 in the adult mouse heart resulted in similar phenotypes, as did ablation of the FOG2 interaction with the transcription factor GATA4. Loss of the FOG2 or FOG2-GATA4 interaction altered the expression of a panel of angiogenesis-related genes. Collectively, our data indicate that FOG2 regulates adult heart function and coronary angiogenesis.
1159-192 The influence of simvastatin on the angiotensin AT1 receptor density, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in patients with coronary disease
Authors: Marek Kiliszek, Michal Maczewski, Grzegorz Styczynski, Monika Duda, Andrzej Beresewicz, Grzegorz Opolski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-related complications
Authors: Deborah Williams, Tim Walsh, Ronald McCowan, Gabriel Vanerio, Richard G. Trohman, Tony W. Simmons, Victor A. Morant, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Fredric J. Pashkow, Lon W. Castle, James D. Maloney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Death or glory? Winner
Authors: L Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Crossmaglen has a legendary, if infamous, name and people shudder when they hear where I practise. But, in truth, it is a very pleasant place to work, and you can get used to anything, even helicopters flying overhead all day; and working in a place where there is no police presence does add an extra interest to our duties. Occasionally, however, even this professional equanimity can be disturbed.

This call came just after midnight. A mortar had been fired at the security base that afternoon and the van used had been booby trapped, exploding when brought to the base.

The security forces usually have their …
Determination of immune memory to hepatitis B vaccination through early booster response in college students
Authors: Chyi-Feng Jan, Kuo-Chin Huang, Yin-Chu Chien, Donald E. Greydanus, Dele H. Davies, Tai-Yuan Chiu, Li-Min Huang, Chien-Jen Chen, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The long-term protection of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination has been debated for years. The purpose here was to evaluate the kinetic changes of antibody to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) and define immune memory of the HB vaccine among college students who had previously received full neonatal immunization against HB. In all, 127 college students aged 18-23 years born after July 1984 who had completed HB vaccination and were seronegative for all three HB viral markers, including HB surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HB core protein (anti-HBc), and anti-HBs, were recruited. They received three doses of HB vaccine at enrollment, 1 month and 6 months after enrollment. Their anti-HBs titers were assayed at enrollment, 7-10 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 7 months following the first dose of HB vaccine. The anti-HBs seroprotective rates for subjects 7-10 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 7 months postvaccination were 20.5%, 75.6%, 94.5%, and 99.2%, respectively. Those who were seroprotective at 7 to 10 days after one dose of HB vaccine booster developed significantly higher levels of anti-HBs at 1 and 6 months than those not developing seroprotective anti-HBs response at an earlier timepoint. Conclusion: At least one-quarter of HB vaccinees have lost their immune memory to the HB vaccine when entering college. Immune memory to HB vaccine was identified by early seroconversion, which was present in only 20% of vaccinees in the present study. To ensure higher than 90% anti-HBs seroconversion rates, at least 2 doses of HB booster vaccines are recommended for at-risk youths who received complete HB vaccinations in neonatal or infant periods but are seronegative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc in adolescence. (Hepatology 2010;)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostaglandin effects on pepsinogen secretion by dispersed human peptic cells.
Authors: A I Lanas, J Nerin, F Esteva, R Sainz
Journal: Gut (1995)

The effects of aspirin and ibuprofen on pepsinogen secretion were studied in isolated human peptic cells prepared from endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens after collagenase digestion, mechanical disruption, and percoll gradient centrifugation. Pharmacological concentrations of aspirin and ibuprofen (10(-8)-10(-4) M), potentiated histamine (10(-6)-10(-4)M) and forskolin (10(-5)M) stimulated pepsinogen secretion without affecting basal secretion, acetylcholine (10(-6)M) stimulated pepsinogen secretion or cell vitality. Augmentation of secretagogue stimulated pepsinogen secretion was dependent on extracellular calcium because potentiation was abolished by calcium depletion of the medium. Cimetidine inhibited the potentiation effect on histamine but not on forskolin stimulated pepsinogen secretion, thus suggesting that this augmentation was independent of histamine H2 receptors. Of interest, potentiation was also independent of endogenous prostaglandin inhibition because exogenous addition of prostaglandin E2 and D2 increased both basal and acetylcholine stimulated pepsinogen secretion in a dose dependent way, but they did not modify histamine or histamine plus aspirin or ibuprofen stimulated pepsinogen secretion. In conclusion, aspirin and ibuprofen potentiate secretagogue stimulated pepsinogen secretion by dispersed human peptic cells and this might be an additional mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastric injury. This potentiation effect is regulated by calcium, independent of endogenous prostaglandin inhibition and seems to act on pepsinogen secretion at a post-receptor site.
IS ADOPTION A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS?
Authors: Jeffrey J Haugaard
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (1998)

The extent to which being adopted increases a child's risk for the development of adjustment problems has been debated for decades. Results from studies examining prevalence of adopted children and adolescents in outpatient and inpatient mental health treatment suggest that the risk associated with adoption is modest or nonexistent. This body of research is reviewed and critiqued. Two possible explanations for the apparent disparate findings of the clinically based and nonclinically based studies are explored: biases in referral for mental health treatment and the influence of the shape of the distribution of adjustment problems in the adopted and nonadopted populations. Implications for clinical practice and future research are explored.
THE IMMEDIATE AND LATE EFFECTS OF THE INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF IODIZED OIL
Authors: A. W. MARCOVICH
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Although generally recognized as a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of lesions of the spinal cord, myelography by means of iodized oil<sup>1</sup>has been criticized on three scores, namely that it is irritating to the spinal meninges, that it may not demonstrate early lesions and that occasionally it shows a block where no lesion can be found at operation. The first of these, the irritating effect, has been emphasized more than the other objections.<sup>2</sup>The majority of reports have stressed the immediate reactions, but a few have mentioned delayed deleterious effects from the injected iodized oil. The increased use of myelography with iodized oil as a diagnostic aid in the sciatic syndrome has made imperative a comprehensive examination of the immediate and late effects of the intrathecal injection of iodized oil. In order to assess these reactions, we reviewed all the cases at the University of Chicago Clinics
In vitro–differentiated T/natural killer–cell progenitors derived from human CD34+ cells mature in the thymus
Authors: Bob Meek, Silvie Cloosen, Chiara Borsotti, Catharina H. M. J. Van Elssen, Joris Vanderlocht, Melanie C. A. Schnijderberg, Marjolein W. M. van der Poel, Bas Leewis, Reinout Hesselink, Markus G. Manz, Yoshimoto Katsura, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Wilfred T. V. Germeraad, Gerard M. J. Bos
Journal: Blood (2009)
Resection of an Aneurysm of the Arch of the Aorta with Preservation of the Lumen of the Vessel
Authors: OLIVIER MONOD, ANDRÉ MEYER
Journal: Circulation (1950)

A case is reported of a 20 year old woman, without history, stigmata, or serologic evidence of syphilis, who presented a mediastinal mass just above and lateral to the arch of the aorta which was originally mistaken for tuberculous lymph nodes. The diagnosis of saccular aneurysm was made after direct puncture of this mass under pleuroscopy. Exploratory thoracotomy was performed and a saccular aneurysm of the terminal part of the arch of the aorta was found. The aneurysm was removed and the aorta sutured without interrupting the continuity of the artery or narrowing its lumen. The authors believe that this is the second successful resection of an aortic aneurysm and the first in which resection was accomplished with preservation of the lumen of the aorta.
Anorexia Nervosa: Recent Investigations
Authors: K A Halmi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

In this paper, I have: 1. described the typological diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, 2. discussed recent hematological, lipid, electrolyte, gastrointestinal, and electrocardiographic studies in anorexia nervosa, and 3. reviewed recent endocrine investigations including thyroid, adrenal cortical, gonadotropin, growth hormone, and catecholamine studies in anorexia nervosa. Although all of the reviewed studies have contributed greatly to the formation of descriptive criteria for anorexia nervosa, they have not supported any single hypothesis concerning the etiology of anorexia nervosa. Further studies are needed to ascertain relationships between the typical anorectic behavior and the endocrine and catecholamine changes observed in this disorder.
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α production and neutrophil infiltration during ischemia–reperfusion injury of the liver after heat shock preconditioning
Authors: Kei Yonezawa, Yuzo Yamamoto, Hidekazu Yamamoto, Yasuhide Ishikawa, Hiroshi Uchinami, Kojiro Taura, Akio Nakajima, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)