tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postischaemic metabolic and functional recovery of rat heart after transient reperfusion with various low Ca2+ concentrations
Authors: J. H M Schreur, J H. Kirkels, C. J A v. Echteld, T. J C Ruigrok
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Postischaemic metabolic and functional recovery of rat heart after transient reperfusion with various low Ca2+ concentrations Get access Joop H M Schreur, Joop H M Schreur Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute (E02.562), University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Correspondence to Professor Ruigrok. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J Hans Kirkels, J Hans Kirkels Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute (E02.562), University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cees J A van Echteld, Cees J A van Echteld Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute (E02.562), University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tom J C Ruigrok Tom J C Ruigrok Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute (E02.562), University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 1992, Pages 687–693, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.687 Published: 01 July 1992 Article history Received: 25 November 1991 Accepted: 31 January 1992 Published: 01 July 1992
Defibrillatory Treatment of Exertional Cardiac Arrest in Coronary Disease
Authors: Robert A. Bruce
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Exertional cardiac arrest may result from ventricular standstill due to asystole or ventricular fibrillation; the literature records an instance of the former in a patient with both aortic stenosis and coronary heart disease. Without this valvular lesion, patients with marked coronary heart disease are more likely to experience ventricular fibrillation. Seven cases of sudden, unexpected syncope and cardiac arrest are cited, two during exercise testing and five during exercise training. All required and promptly responded to a single shock of a defibrillator, and only one showed evidence of possible myocardial infarction. Important implications of these observations are discussed.
A review of the management of 140 elective tracheostomies following open-heart surgery
Authors: R. D. Marshall
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A retrospective survey of 140 cases of elective tracheostomy following open-heart surgery has been undertaken. All the tracheostomies were performed by surgeons of the Cardiac Unit using a standard technique during the years 1962 to 1966 inclusive. The indications during this period are discussed and possible reasons for the high incidence of tracheostomy are considered. The complications have been carefully assessed. The results indicate that, although there is room for improvement, a reduction in the number and severity of complications has been achieved. In particular there have been few late sequelae, which is attributed to good surgical technique and the adoption of the Björk operation. In 60% of the patients there were no complications; one death was directly attributable to tracheostomy.
Letter: Aplastic anaemia and hair dye.
Authors: A J Jouhar
Journal: BMJ (1976)

low.It is difficult to know what the second figure "1 in 450 000 to 1 in 1 800 000" is intended to denote.It is presumably meant to imply that the average size of population expected to include nine such patients is 450 000-1 800 000.This figure is probably too high but in any case the total population from which the nine patients were ascertained is undefined and presumably unknown.The probability that the size of this population falls within 95% confidence limits of the above estimate is likely to be quite high.Moreover, three specialised rheumatological centres were involved so that the likelihood of biased ascertainment is considerable.Among 104 successive men with ankylosing spondylitis ascertained here, one has sero- positive peripheral erosive polyarthritis with a rheumatoid olecranon nodule, his HLA typing including B27.The prevalence of this grade of rheumatoid arthritis is 1 00' in males.4We therefore interpret the evidence as providing no support for a non-random association of the two diseases and indeed it would be surprising and even more interesting if such cases were not encountered.All the present clinical, immunological, and genetic evidence points to the likelihood that there is no aetiological connection between rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
What's So Passive About Passive Smoking?
Authors: Rachel M. Werner
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stressful Life Events and Skin Diseases: Disentangling Evidence from Myth
Authors: Angelo Picardi, Damiano Abeni
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

The possibility of a causal influence of emotional stress, especially of stressful life events, on the course of various skin diseases has long been postulated. Clinical wisdom and experience, as well as many anecdotal observations and uncontrolled case series, support this opinion. We reviewed the available evidence on the role of stressful life events in triggering or exacerbating skin diseases. The role of stressful events in vitiligo, lichen planus, acne, pemphigus and seborrhoeic dermatitis was either controversial or insufficiently explored. The role of stressful events in psoriasis, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and urticaria was apparently clearer. However, only a few studies met acceptable methodological standards for stress measurement. Also, few studies considered common potential confounding factors (e.g. age, duration of illness, familial factors), and no study controlled adequately for the influence of other crucial factors (e.g. discontinuation of treatment, seasonal effects). Adding that the large majority of studies were retrospective, it seems wise to conclude that only preliminary evidence has been published so far on the role of stressful life events in bringing on or worsening any dermatological disease. Further research is mandatory, either in the form of prospective studies or, more feasibly, of well-designed case-control studies with adequate statistical power. Future studies should also pay more attention to protective as well as vulnerability factors in stressful events. Further, it would be important to investigate other sources of psychological stress, such as chronic stress and everyday stress. Measuring stress appraisal, although difficult, would also be important.
GENERAL LEUCOCYTIC RESPONSE OF THE GUINEA PIG DURING THE REACTION OF ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOUS INFECTION
Authors: Raymond G. Hussey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Guinea pigs have been rendered relatively immune against infection with virulent tubercle bacilli by preliminary inoculation with a suitable quantity of avirulent tubercle bacilli. Blood counts on these animals show that associated with the immune reaction there is a definite general leucocytic response characterized by an absolute increase in the total count, with an absolute and relative increase in the lymphocytes. The period of greatest activity coincides with that known to be the period of greatest reaction, based on anatomical evidence during the course of infection following this method of immunization. Moreover, blood counts made on animals inoculated with avirulent tubercle bacilli alone show an increase in the circulating lymphocytes during the period of greatest reaction to the infection, while blood counts on guinea pigs inoculated with virulent bacilli alone show an erratic course in which the polymorphonuclear forms are much increased, though not regularly so. These results indicate a parallelism between lymphoid activity and resistance of the animals to tuberculous infection, and suggest an association of lymphocytes with the factors determining this resistance, a relation which warrants consideration of the blood picture in the clinical study of tuberculous infection.
A cancer-specific transcriptional signature in human neoplasia
Authors: F. Nicassio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The molecular anatomy of cancer cells is being explored through unbiased approaches aimed at the identification of cancer-specific transcriptional signatures. An alternative biased approach is exploitation of molecular tools capable of inducing cellular transformation. Transcriptional signatures thus identified can be readily validated in real cancers and more easily reverse-engineered into signaling pathways, given preexisting molecular knowledge. We exploited the ability of the adenovirus early region 1 A protein (E1A) oncogene to force the reentry into the cell cycle of terminally differentiated cells in order to identify and characterize genes whose expression is upregulated in this process. A subset of these genes was activated through a retinoblastoma protein/E2 viral promoter required factor-independent (pRb/E2F-independent) mechanism and was overexpressed in a fraction of human cancers. Furthermore, this overexpression correlated with tumor progression in colon cancer, and 2 of these genes predicted unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer. A proof of principle biological validation was performed on one of the genes of the signature, skeletal muscle cell reentry-induced (SKIN) gene, a previously undescribed gene. SKIN was found overexpressed in some primary tumors and tumor cell lines and was amplified in a fraction of colon adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, knockdown of SKIN caused selective growth suppression in overexpressing tumor cell lines but not in tumor lines expressing physiological levels of the transcript. Thus, SKIN is a candidate oncogene in human cancer.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides
Authors: Mitchell R. Zavon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE PHYSICIAN, faced with an actual or potential case of intoxication from excessive absorption of an insecticide, may require guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of this relatively uncommon but potentially fatal condition. This brief note is intended only as such a guide to the management of poisoning arising from exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides; more detailed discussions of the subject are available from a number of sources.<sup>1-5</sup> The most commonly used chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides are listed in the Table. All of these materials may be absorbed through ingestion and inhalation, most of them can be absorbed percutaneously when they are in solution, and with at least one, dieldrin, absorption through the intact skin can occur from contact with the dry form. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> In all cases in which this type of intoxication is suspected, every effort should be made to obtain the label from the original container of the
Peter John Banfield
Authors: C. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from antral and duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens taken from 20 patients with duodenal ulcer disease was measured by radioimmunoassay before and four weeks after treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Gastroscopic and histological examination showed complete ulcer healing in 15/18 patients and duodenal histology looked normal (n = 15) or improved (n = 3): two patients failed to attend for a second endoscopy. Analysis of the supernatant from incubations of biopsy tissue in vitro showed that unstimulated antral release of PGE2 was significantly more than that from the duodenal mucosa (p less than 0.05), whereas basal release of LTC4 was significantly lower from antral biopsy specimens (p less than 0.05). Subsequent incubation of specimens with calcium ionophore A23187 caused an increase in LTC4 but not in PGE2 generation. The ability of antral and duodenal mucosa to form ionophore mediated LTC4 in patients with duodenal ulcer disease was significantly greater (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01 respectively) than that of normal gastroduodenal mucosa. After colloidal bismuth subcitrate treatment, basal synthesis of PGE2 was unchanged in duodenal and antral specimens. In contrast, basal duodenal LTC4 was reduced (p less than 0.05), and the capacity for ionophore mediated duodenal LTC4 formation was substantially and significantly reduced after treatment (p less than 0.001). These results indicate that after therapeutic healing of duodenal ulcer (accompanied by clearance of inflammatory cell infiltrate), there is a reduced ability of duodenal mucosa to generate proinflammatory peptidoleukotrienes.
White Matter Integrity in the Brains of Professional Soccer Players Without a Symptomatic Concussion
Authors: Inga K. Koerte, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Maximilian Reiser, Ross Zafonte, Martha E. Shenton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world, with more than 250 million active players. 1 It is the only sport
Primary and secondary intralymphatic histiocytosis
Authors: Farrah Bakr, Naomi Webber, Hiva Fassihi, Victoria Swale, Fiona Lewis, Ed Rytina, Galia Tamar Ben-Zvi, Paul Norris, Olivia Espinosa, Sunanda Dhar, Paul Craig, Alistair Robson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Differential Lung Function in Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: H. A. FLEMING
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Studies of atrial septal defect have considered the total pulmonary blood flow and the contribution to the left-to-right shunt made by each lung. No studies have been reported of the separate flows through the 2 lungs. The present study in 25 cases was planned to investigate the differential pulmonary blood flow by bronchospirometry.
Book: Scanty Particulars: The Strange Life and Astonishing Secret of Victorian Adventurer and Pioneer Surgeon James Barry
Authors: I. Loudon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rachel Holmes Viking, £14.99, pp 352 ![Graphic][1]</img> ISBN 0 670 89099 5 Rating: ![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> James Barry started his medical training in Edinburgh and undertook further study in London under Astley Cooper. He then joined the army as a surgeon and rose to be the most senior member of Her Majesty's Inspectors General of Hospitals. He spent almost all his working life abroad, where he “established a reputation as a vain, quarrelsome troublemaker.” He was also known as a highly skilled doctor, being one of the few of his time to perform a caesarean in which both mother and child survived. As a … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
The terminal complement proteins C5b-9 augment binding of high density lipoprotein and its apolipoproteins A-I and A-II to human endothelial cells.
Authors: K K Hamilton, P J Sims
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Terminal complement protein complexes C5b-9 have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions. Insertion of C5b-9 in the endothelial cell membrane alters permeability, induces membrane vesiculation, and activates secretion. We hypothesized that complement might also alter interactions of the endothelial surface with lipoproteins, particularly high density lipoprotein (HDL), which is reported to inhibit C5b-9-induced hemolysis. We now demonstrate that exposure to C5b-9 increases (by 2- to 50-fold) specific binding of HDL and its apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II to endothelial cells. Binding to cells exposed to antibody, C5b67, and C5b-8 was virtually unchanged. Enhanced binding was also dependent on the number of C5b-9 complexes deposited on the cells. Other agonists that activate endothelial secretion did not augment binding. Calcium was required for full exposure of new binding sites by C5b-9. The C5b-9-induced increase in binding was independent of the increase observed after cholesterol loading. In addition, apo A-I and A-II appear to compete for the same binding sites on untreated and C5b-9-treated cells. In contrast to the data reported for red cells, we were unable to detect significant inhibition of C5b-9-mediated endothelial membrane permeabilization by HDL (up to 1 mg/ml) or by apo A-I (up to 100 micrograms/ml). These data demonstrate that the C5b-9 proteins enhance endothelial binding of HDL and its apoproteins, suggesting that intravascular complement activation may alter cholesterol homeostasis in the vessel wall.
Clinical Value of Iodine-123-Alpha-Methyl-<scp>l</scp>-Tyrosine Single-Photon Emission Tomography in the Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent Brain Tumor in Patients Pretreated for Glioma at Follow-Up
Authors: Samuel Samnick, Jochen B. Bader, Dirk Hellwig, Jean Richard Moringlane, Christof Alexander, Bernd F.M. Romeike, Wolfgang Feiden, Carl-Martin Kirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To assess the clinical potential of iodine-123-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine (IMT) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) in the differential diagnosis of recurrences in patients pretreated for gliomas at follow-up.Seventy-eight patients were examined after primary therapy over 36 months. Histopathologic diagnoses of all patients was known at first treatment; magnetic resonance and/or computed tomography examination was performed in addition to IMT-SPET. Cerebral SPET images were acquired 20 minutes after intravenous application of 190 +/- 10 MBq of IMT. SPET images were classified as positive or negative for recurrent tumor visually and by calculating the ratios between tracer accumulation in the lesion and the unaffected contralateral regions of reference using region of interest. Final diagnoses were based on prospective clinicopathologic findings obtained independently of IMT-SPET.IMT-SPET detected all high-grade recurrent gliomas (grade 4; sensitivity, 100%). A difference could be demonstrated in grade 2 and 3 recurrences (sensitivity, 84% and 92%, respectively). Moreover, benign posttherapeutic lesions (postoperative scars, radiation necrosis) were correctly diagnosed as negative for tumor recurrence. In general, IMT uptake in grade 2 (1.45 +/- 0.24) was significantly lower than that in grades 3 (1.70 +/- 0.41) and 4 (1.88 +/- 0.32). However, it was difficult to evaluate tumor grade only from the IMT accumulation in individual cases.IMT-SPET seems highly useful for detecting and delineating recurrent gliomas and differentiating between benign posttherapeutic lesions and malignant tumor tissue. It may be a valuable clinical tool to diagnose recurrences in patients pretreated for gliomas at follow-up. However, it showed limitations in determining histologic tumor grade.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome in developing countries
Authors: Khan M Ibrahim, Rashid Chotani
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2003)

As your recent editorial and news report describe,1Anon An appropriate response to SARS.Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3: 259Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar, 2Bonn D Closing in on the cause of SARS.Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3: 268Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has rapidly become a threat to international health and much still needs to be done to limit the spread of infection. SARS has already crossed the borders of 28 countries in five continents since the initial cases became known in late February, 2003, with the most recent cases (as of April 26) being detected in Bulgaria and Mongolia. According to recent WHO briefings, more SARS cases can be expected along the routes of international travel. The widespread international repercussions of similar outbreaks of respiratory disease, such as Spanish influenza (1918), Hong Kong influenza (1968), Russian influenza (1977), and avian influenza (1997), remind us that containing SARS and disrupting international transmission is vital to international public-health security. Guénaël Rodier, director of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response at WHO, mentioned in a briefing that SARS can become a long-term threat in the developing world where the main burden of infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria is located. At a time when vital aspects of the disease remain unknown the probability of SARS cases escaping surveillance is much higher in developing than in developed countries. Moreover, poor surveillance, protection against nosocomial infection, and quarantine facilities will add to the risk of SARS spreading in developing countries. Public awareness on the subject is still low and there might be transmission chains that have not yet been recognised and can lead to new local epidemics. All possible steps need to be taken to prevent the spread of SARS in countries with limited means of surveillance. In particularly, importation of goods, international travel, and movement of military troops need to be brought under strict scrutiny. A prevention policy needs to be formulated that is related to the health infrastructure and hospital infection-control capacities of developing countries. Before populations in developing countries are exposed to SARS, national response plans should be prepared that focus on improving coordination and communication between the medical and public health sectors and other agencies such as civil defence, animal health, the military, and the law enforcement community. Monitoring and reporting mechanisms need to be included in the surveillance network that can help contain diseases like SARS.
THE SUBARACHNOID INJECTION OF COCAIN FOR OPERATIONS ON THE UPPER PART OF THE BODY.
Authors: A. W. MORTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The use of cocain by the subarachnoid method was demonstrated by J. Leonard Corning of New York in 1884, later by Bier, Tuffier and others. During the past year it has been tried by most of the surgeons in the country for operations below the diaphragm, and by many of them discarded on account of objections of various kinds. It has been used in a few thousand cases, but not enough to establish its safety, as compared with the general anesthetics. Its analgesic properties can not be doubted for operations in the lower extremities. I have found that the analgesia can be extended for operations in the upper part of the body. In the transactions of the State Medical Society of California, in April, 1901, I reported eight cases where I had extended the analgesia over the entire body. I have now used this method 673 times without a failure of