tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Infection Among Married Indian Women
Authors: Jay G. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Despite reductions in prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among the general population of India, women account for a rising percentage of all HIV cases with husbands' risk behavior described as the major source of women's infection. Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been described as being associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV to women in India and elsewhere.To assess the relationship between experiencing IPV and the occurrence of HIV infection in a nationally representative sample of married Indian women tested for HIV.The Indian National Family Health Survey 3 was conducted across all Indian states in 2005 through 2006. The nationally representative sample included 124,385 married women; analyses conducted in 2007 and 2008 were limited to 28,139 married women who provided IPV data and HIV test results via systematic selection into respective subsamples.Prevalence estimates of lifetime IPV and HIV infection were calculated and demographic differences assessed. Intimate partner violence was conceptualized as physical violence with or without sexual violence and then was further categorized as physical violence only vs physical and sexual violence. Regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HIV infection among Indian women based on experiences of IPV after adjusting for demographics and women's HIV risk behaviors.One-third of married Indian women (35.49%) reported experiencing physical IPV with or without sexual violence from their husbands; 7.68% reported both physical and sexual IPV, and 27.80% reported experiencing physical IPV in the absence of sexual violence. Approximately 1 in 450 women (0.22%) tested positive for HIV. In adjusted models, married Indian women experiencing both physical and sexual violence from husbands demonstrated elevated HIV infection prevalence vs those not experiencing IPV (0.73% vs 0.19%; adjusted OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.41-10.94; P = .01). Physical IPV alone was not associated with risk of HIV infection. Women's personal sexual risk behaviors were not associated with HIV infection.Among married Indian women, physical violence combined with sexual violence from husbands was associated with an increased prevalence of HIV infection. Prevention of IPV may augment efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Abstract 2634: Methionine metabolites specifically protect anticancer effect of 5-FU but not for cisplatin in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Myeong-Sun Ham, Jong-Woo Jeong, Ju-Kyung Lee, Jin-Ah Park, Kyeong-Ah Kim, Keun-Cheol Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It has been known that cellular methylation is associated with stabilization of chromatin structure. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), as metabolites of methionine metabolism, are the substrate and end product of essential cellular methyltransferase reactions, respectively. In this study, we are to explain that these metabolites specifically regulate anticancer effect of 5-FU but not for cisplatin. Using MTT assay, we have found that combination treatment of SAM or SAH with 5-FU specifically protect the anticancer effect of 5-FU in time or dose dependent manner, whereas combination treatment with cisplatin had no effect. This result was also consistent in cell cycle distribution by FACS analysis. Induction of tumor suppressor p53 by anticancer drugs was decreased in combination treatment of those metabolites with 5-FU. We hypothesized what cellular methylation related proteins involve in the protection effect. SUV39H1 and G9a, typical HMTases for H3K9, also have no change in combination treatment of those metabolites with 5-FU. However, expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B were increased at the combination treatment of SAM and 5-FU. Interestingly, there were no change on expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in combination treatment of SAH with 5-FU, indicating protection effect of SAM and SAH on 5-FU differently act at the molecular level. Together, we suggest that cellular methylation can specifically modulate anticancer effect of DNA damage agent 5-FU and this can be modulated by aberrant DNA methylation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2634. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2634
Defibrillator therapy improved quality of life in CHF; amiodarone did not
Authors: Jonathan P. Piccini
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club20 January 2009Defibrillator therapy improved quality of life in CHF; amiodarone did notJonathan P. Piccini, MD, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSJonathan P. Piccini, MDDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (J.P.P., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this author, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (J.P.P., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sun JL, et al. Quality of life with defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:999-1008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18768943Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: References1 Friedman PA, McClelland RL, Bamlet WR, et al. Dual-chamber versus single-chamber detection enhancements for implantable defibrillator rhythm diagnosis: the detect supraventricular tachycardia study. Circulation. 2006;113:2871-9. [PMID: 16769912] Google Scholar2 Wathen MS, DeGroot PJ, Sweeney MO, et al. Prospective randomized multicenter trial of empirical antitachycardia pacing versus shocks for spontaneous rapid ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Pacing Fast Ventricular Tachycardia Reduces Shock Therapies (PainFREE Rx II) trial results. Circulation. 2004;110:2591-6. [PMID: 15492306] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jonathan P. Piccini, MD; L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSAffiliations: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (J.P.P., L.K.N.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 January 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: JC1-10Keywords36 item short form health surveyCongestive heart failureHeartHeart failureImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorsPhysical functioningQuality of lifeShockTachycardia ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Uptake of In-111 GYK-DTPA B72.3 Monoclonal Antibody in Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MICHAEL J. BLEND, ROY DE LA COATES-JOHNSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 70-year-old man with known squamous cell carcinoma of the anus showed diffuse uptake of bone-seeking agent in the left lobe of the liver. Ultrasound of the liver suggested a metastasis to the left lobe. A labeled MoAb study (OncoScint, Cytogen, Princeton, NJ) showed a large cold area in the region of the left lobe of the liver that matched the hypoechoic area on ultrasound. Computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the positive MoAb findings. Planned surgery for the patient (partial hepatectomy) was cancelled based on the MoAb and CT findings. This case suggests an additional use for ln-111 MoAb B72.3 imaging when there is suspected recurrent squamous cell carcinoma.
Complicated Left-Sided Native Valve Endocarditis in Adults
Authors: Rodrigo Hasbun, Holenarasipur R. Vikram, Lydia A. Barakat, Joan Buenconsejo, Vincent J. Quagliarello
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis causes significant morbidity and mortality in adults. Lack of valid data regarding estimation of prognosis makes management of this condition difficult. Objective To derive and externally validate a prognostic classification system for adults with complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis. Design, Setting, and Patients Retrospective observational cohort study conducted from January 1990 to January 2000 at 7 Connecticut hospitals among 513 patients older than 16 years who experienced complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis and who were divided into derivation (n = 259) and validation (n = 254) cohorts. Main Outcome Measure All-cause mortality at 6 months after baseline. Results In the derivation and validation cohorts, the 6-month mortality rates were 25% and 26%, respectively. Five baseline features were independently associated with 6-month mortality (comorbidity [ P = .03], abnormal mental status [ P = .02], moderate to severe congestive heart failure [ P = .01], bacterial etiology other than viridans streptococci [ P &amp;amp;lt;.001 except Staphylococcus aureus, P = .004], and medical therapy without valve surgery [ P = .002]) and were used to create a prognostic classification system. In the derivation cohort, patients were classified into 4 groups with increasing risk for 6-month mortality: 5%, 15%, 31%, and 59% ( P &amp;amp;lt;.001). In the validation cohort, a similar risk among the 4 groups was observed: 7%, 19%, 32%, and 69% ( P &amp;amp;lt;.001). Conclusions Adults with complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis can be accurately risk stratified using baseline features into 4 groups of prognostic severity. This prognostic classification system might be useful for facilitating management decisions.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Rate Augmentation Produced by Atrial Pacing and Isoproterenol in the Early Postoperative Phase of Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: PAUL W. ARMSTRONG, HERMAN K. GOLD, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, JAMES T. WILLERSON, CHARLES A. SANDERS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The hemodynamic effects of atrial pacing were evaluated in a group of 19 patients soon after cardiac valve surgery. Atrial pacing at 30 beats/min above the control rate of 88 beats/min produced an increase in cardiac index of 600 ml/min/m 2 . Isoproterenol was infused into eight of these patients to produce an increment in heart rate identical to that during atrial pacing. In these patients atrial pacing produced an increment in cardiac index of 400 ml/min/m 2 as compared to an increment of 1400 ml/min/m 2 produced by isoproterenol. It is concluded (1) that atrial pacing is a useful technique for augmenting cardiac index soon after cardiac valve surgery and (2) that isoproterenol provides a greater increment in cardiac index at identical heart rates and the major portion of its effect is directly inotropic.
Osteoporosis and Mortality
Authors: Maria Galus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 December 1997Osteoporosis and MortalityMaria Galus, MD, PhDMaria Galus, MD, PhDPrimary Care Clinic; Charleston, SC 29403Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Raisz [1] states wittily that we are in the midst of an osteoporosis revolution. As an internist, I have to admit with shame that until recently I did not address this problem on a routine basis. Since I started screening patients for osteoporosis, I have identified about 10 to 15 osteoporotic patients a week. I have begun a crusade against osteoporosis in my primary care clinic. Nurses are required to measure the height of every patient older than 50 years of age, and a protocol to monitor patients receiving Fosamax (Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, ...References1. Raisz LG. The osteoporosis revolution. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:458-62. Google Scholar2. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3d. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone. 1995; 17(5 Suppl):505S-11S. Google Scholar3. Cummings SR, Black DM, Rubin SM. Lifetime risk of hip, Colles', or vertebral fracture and coronary heart disease among white postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149:2445-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maria Galus, MD, PhDAffiliations: Primary Care Clinic; Charleston, SC 29403 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBone mineral density and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women 1 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 11 Page: 1040 Keywords Death rates Elderly Health care Health statistics Hip fractures Medicare Mortality Osteoporosis Photon absorptiometry Quality of life ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Let the Patients Prescribe
Authors: E. Y. D. Avis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  I do not recall whether you title letters you publish. If you do, you might wish to call this Why Not Ask the Patient?  Today, everyone seems to appreciate the difficulty we physicians have keeping up to date on information about drugs. The pharmaceutical companies, for example, show their concern by spending large sums of hard-earned money buying advertisements. This expenditure is their earnest attempt to keep us educated.  All governments are interested in the problem, too. But your government has taken a special role of leadership. Their concern has been emphasized recently by their vigorous objection to the wording of some drug advertisements. We physicians, the government seems to imply, have great difficulty separating fact from fiction. Certainly the general public needs help in this regard; what medical man wants to face a future counselling laymen who are convinced that their heads are full of frayed
Fighting cancer by disrupting C-terminal methylation of signaling proteins
Authors: Steven Clarke, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Protein methylation at the C-terminus of mammalian isoprenylated proteins has been implicated in membrane attachment, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability. A new paper describes surprising results: in the absence of methylation some target proteins have increased stability, whereas others have decreased stability. The decreased stability of the RhoA protein is correlated with an increased resistance to Ras-dependent transformation and suggests the basis for the development of a new approach to antitumor therapy.
<i>CCBE1</i> Enhances Lymphangiogenesis via A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease With Thrombospondin Motifs-3–Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Activation
Authors: Michael Jeltsch, Sawan Kumar Jha, Denis Tvorogov, Andrey Anisimov, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Tanja Holopainen, Riikka Kivelä, Sagrario Ortega, Terhi Kärpanen, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 235510) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which is associated with mutations in the CCBE1 gene. Because of the striking phenotypic similarity of embryos lacking either the Ccbe1 gene or the lymphangiogenic growth factor Vegfc gene, we searched for collagen- and calcium-binding epidermal growth factor domains 1 (CCBE1) interactions with the vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) growth factor signaling pathway, which is critical in embryonic and adult lymphangiogenesis.By analyzing VEGF-C produced by CCBE1-transfected cells, we found that, whereas CCBE1 itself does not process VEGF-C, it promotes proteolytic cleavage of the otherwise poorly active 29/31-kDa form of VEGF-C by the A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-3 protease, resulting in the mature 21/23-kDa form of VEGF-C, which induces increased VEGF-C receptor signaling. Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated transduction of CCBE1 into mouse skeletal muscle enhanced lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis induced by adeno-associated viral vector-VEGF-C.These results identify A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-3 as a VEGF-C-activating protease and reveal a novel type of regulation of a vascular growth factor by a protein that enhances its proteolytic cleavage and activation. The results suggest that CCBE1 is a potential therapeutic tool for the modulation of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of diseases that involve the lymphatic system, such as lymphedema or lymphatic metastasis.
Endoscopic Treatment of a Pancreatic Pseudocyst by Naso-cystic Tube
Authors: P. Spinelli, E. Meroni, A. Prada
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Pancreatic pseudocysts can be treated by endoscopic procedures. We report a case in which a naso-gastric tube, endoscopically placed through a cysto-gastrostomy, permitted the successful drainage of a large pancreatic pseudocyst without any recurrence.
Acute polyradiculoneuropathy after amitriptyline overdose.
Authors: D Leys, F Pasquier, M D Lamblin, F Dubois, H Petit
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Acute polyradiculoneuropathy after amitriptyline overdoseDespite extensive use of amitriptyline only five cases of peripheral neuropathies have, to our knowledge, been reported.' 5No polyradiculoneuropathy has so far been related to treatment with amitriptyline. Case reportA 53 year.old depressive woman had been taking' amitriptyline 75 mg and lorazepam 2-5 mg daily in January 1984.At the beginning of February she took soluble amitriptyline 800 mg in a suicide.attempt.She became comatose, with generalised seizures, mydriasis, and urinary retention; her muscle stretch reflexes were normal, blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, body temperature 370C, and' pulse 100 beats/min.The clinical data and an electrocardiogram were normal.She needed respiratory help and gastric evacuation.The next day she was alert, and respiratory help was stopped.She complained of weakness in her left arm that worsened during the next three days.On examination she had severe flaccid tetraplegia, no muscle stretch reflexes, complete bilateral facial and motor bulbar nerve palsy, and axial muscle palsy, resulting in her being unable to keep her head and trunk upright.Though she complained about tinglinig ensations in
Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Marije Booman, Jenny Douwes, Annuska M. Glas, Sietske A. Riemersma, Ekaterina S. Jordanova, Klaas Kok, Andreas Rosenwald, Daphne de Jong, Ed Schuuring, Philip M. Kluin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose and Experimental Design: Loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on tumor cells is frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in immune-privileged sites, such as the testis and central nervous system, and is associated with small homozygous deletions of HLA-DQ/HLA-DR and larger hemizygous deletions of the MHC region. To better understand the significance of down-regulation of HLA class II expression in relation to the homozygous and hemizygous deletions, we analyzed global gene expression patterns in a series of 26 testicular DLBCL after characterization of these deletions. Results: Low levels of HLA-DR mRNA in whole testicular DLBCL samples were associated with a strong down-regulation of numerous immune-related genes specific for T cells, macrophages, antigen presentation and processing, lymphocyte activation, chemokines and chemokine receptors, and the complement system. The number of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T cells was also significantly lower in low expressors of HLA-DR mRNA. Interestingly, hemizygous and homozygous deletions in the MHC region did not have any additional effect on global gene expression. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that loss of HLA class II mRNA expression in testicular DLBCL is associated with a significant change in global gene expression patterns. This effect is independent of the mechanism causing the down-regulation of HLA class II genes in the lymphoma cells.
Dynamic DCs of the gut
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) stretch finger-like extensions into the gut to capture bacteria. But, according to Chieppa et al. (page 2841), it is the gut epithelial cells that first recognize the bacteria and then give DCs the tip-off.






Figure 1

Dendritic cells (green) reach their finger-like protrusions past the gut epithelia to catch bacteria.




Regular sampling of gut bacterial antigens by the immune system is necessary for maintaining tolerance to commensal bacteria and for defending against pathogens. DCs gather bacterial antigens using their extensions, but Chieppa et al. show that these extensions are not a constitutive feature of gut DCs.

Treatment of mice with antibiotics reduced the number of DC extensions in the small bowel, whereas oral infection of mice with Salmonella increased their numbers. DC extensions are thus dependent on the presence of the bacteria themselves. Indeed, live imaging using intravital microscopy showed that DC extensions begin to emerge from the gut wall following bacterial exposure and remain protruded for 10–40 min before retracting with their quarry.

Recognition of bacteria by innate immune cells is often dependent on Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent studies reveal that gut epithelial cells also have TLRs, and the group show here that mice lacking specific epithelial but not DC TLRs failed to extend DC processes across their gut wall in response to the relevant bacterial stimuli. Although the team does not yet know how epithelial cells alert the DCs, the gut barrier function of the epithelial cells makes them the perfect choice to be the first to perform identity checks on gut bacteria.
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sandra A. Studebaker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A year-long planning process has resulted in publication of<i>Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: A Comprehensive Review</i>. Editor in Chief John W. Frymoyer, MD, is assisted by Associate Editors Laurence E. Dahners, MD, Joseph P. Iannotti, MD, PhD, and Robert L. Larson, MD, and a 25-member editorial review board composed of prominent US surgeons representing all areas of orthopaedics. The editorial board's goal is to provide the latest information about diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders for members of the academy and for orthopaedic and professional colleagues throughout the world. The journal is designed to complement the academy's other educational publications, such as the instructional course lectures, monograph series, symposium series, and orthopaedic knowledge updates. To achieve its mission, the editorial board states that the journal's bimonthly issues will cover a wide range of topics rather than focus on a single subspecialty; bibliographies will be limited to
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage associated with heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Leon E. Kurtz, Sarah Yang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is associated with serious and sometimes devastating thrombotic events. We report a case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (BAH) associated with HIT after prophylactic use of low molecular weight heparin. The vague presenting symptoms of acute adrenal insufficiency offers a diagnostic challenge, which if delayed may be life threatening. A high index of suspicion for adrenal hemorrhage is required in patients receiving any form of heparin therapy presenting with new onset thrombocytopenia, abdominal pain, and fevers. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.