tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PET or PET/CT for Detection of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Ming-Che Chang, Jin-Hua Chen, Ji-An Liang, Wen-Sheng Huang, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The present study assessed the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with cancer. Methods Through a search of MEDLINE (January 1998 to September 2012), an overall weighted average for sensitivity and specificity was calculated using the weighted averages of the sample sizes in each relevant study. Pooled estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated using fixed and random effects models, respectively, according to the heterogeneity among studies. A summary receiver operating characteristics (sROC) curve was constructed and the area under the sROC curve (AUC) was calculated. To explore heterogeneity, due to sources other than threshold effects, I-square was calculated. Results The present study included analyses of patients (n = 513) from 7 studies. Results indicated a significant heterogeneity for sensitivity and specificity (I2 > 50% and P < 0.05). The overall pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET or PET/CT scans in the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis were 72.4% (95% CI, 64.4%–79.5%) and 96.7% (95% CI, 94.4%–98.3%), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 10.414 (95% CI, 6.195–17.506) and the negative likelihood ratio 0.312 (95% CI, 0.159–0.612). The AUC was 0.9404. The overall diagnostic accuracy (Q* index) was 87.8%. Conclusion The high specificity may provide the reliability of a positive FDG PET or PET/CT to detect peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with cancer. FDG PET or PET/CT has only weak power to exclude the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. By a good overall diagnostic accuracy, FDG PET or PET/CT may prove beneficial to surgeons when selecting appropriate patients on whom to perform laparoscopy or laparotomy.
High prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B and C is found among injecting drug users
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Almost a fifth (18%) of injecting drug users, or 2.8 million people, are estimated to be infected with HIV, says a report by a United Nations agency. 

However, in regions with a high population prevalence of HIV, such as Eastern Europe, Latin America, and South East Asia, the infection rate in drug users is much higher, says the World Drug Report 2011 from the Vienna based UN Office on Drugs and Crime. In Estonia and Brazil, for example, the prevalence …
"Fear of reprisals and loss of reputation" stops GPs reporting medical errors
Authors: J. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The reporting of medical errors in primary care must be improved, a conference on patient safety heard.

Bruce Warner, head of primary care at the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), told the Patient Safety Congress in Birmingham that despite an increase in incident reporting less than 1% of the total number of reports made to the agency came from general practice.

Dr Warner said that one in 15 hospital admissions is drug related and preventable, and 11% of all prescriptions contain an error. Barriers to reporting by GPs might be “fear of reprisals, lack …
Vitamin D status and outcomes in heart failure patients
Authors: Licette C.Y. Liu, Adriaan A. Voors, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Eveline van der Veer, Anne M. Belonje, Mariusz K. Szymanski, Herman H.W. Silljé, Wiek H. van Gilst, Tiny Jaarsma, Rudolf A. de Boer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Attenuation of coronary autoregulation in the isolated rabbit heart by endothelium derived nitric oxide
Authors: U Pohl, D Lamontagne, E Bassenge, R Busse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to investigate the role of endothelium derived nitric oxide (EDNO/EDRF) in the control of coronary autoregulation.In isolated saline perfused rabbit hearts coronary flow responses to stepwise increases in perfusion pressure were studied under control conditions, during maximum dilatation with sodium nitroprusside, and in the presence of the inhibitor of EDNO synthesis, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), or the vasoconstrictors endothelin-1 and arginine vasopressin.At a constant perfusion pressure of 60 mm Hg, infusion of L-NNA (30 microM), but not D-NNA, reduced the coronary flow from 24.7(SEM 2) to 13.6(2.2) ml.min-1 and abolished flow increases induced by the EDRF stimulator acetylcholine. Under these conditions, pressure induced coronary flow increases were reduced (p < 0.05 compared to control) over the whole range of perfusion pressures studied (45 to 120 mm Hg). Arginine vasopressin [2(0.6) nM] and endothelin-1 [1.5(1) nM] induced similar reductions of coronary resting flow but the pressure induced flow increases were significantly greater than in the presence of L-NNA. Moreover, inhibition of EDRF synthesis reduced the peak reactive hyperaemia after a 30 s interruption of coronary flow from 47(2) to 32(2) ml.min-1. These changes occurred in spite of a decrease in the myocardial oxygen uptake from 5.1(0.6) to 3.4(0.5) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (p < 0.01) and a concomitant increase in the lactate release from 46(7) to 95(54) mumol.min.100 g-1 (p < 0.01), indicating myocardial ischaemia.EDNO attenuates coronary autoregulatory responses which, if unopposed, potentially impair a functionally adequate myocardial perfusion. It is suggested that the modulator role of EDNO is, at least in part, specific and most likely to be due to shear dependent alterations of EDNO release.
Studies of gut mucosal protein synthesis in a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) model of inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: A K Banerjee, J S Marway, V R Preedy, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1992)

The extent to which defects in protein synthesis occurred in an experimental indomethacin induced rat model of nonsteroidal enteropathy has been examined. Male rats (nine) were fed indomethacin (8 mg/kg/day) for three days mixed with a powdered form of chow. The control group of rats (nine) were fed the same diet for three days without indomethacin. After the feeding period, both groups were fed a normal solid diet for four days. At the end of this period, the fractional rates of intestinal protein synthesis was determined by the 'flooding dose' technique. The mucosal protein, RNA and DNA contents in the proximal ileum of animals with enteropathy were not significantly different from controls (p greater than 0.05). Experimental enteropathy induced selective increases in the fractional rates of protein synthesis (26% increase, p less than 0.03) and RNA activities (23% increase, p less than 0.04). There were no significant changes in any of these variables in the duodenum (p greater than 0.05 in all instances). These changes may partly reflect the activity of those processes responsible for the pathogenic changes in NSAID enteropathy.
Pressure-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through activation of MAP kinase
Authors: Takeshi Suda, Akihiko Osajima, Masahito Tamura, Hiroaki Kato, Masako Iwamoto, Takayuki Ota, Kaori Kanegae, Hiroshi Tanaka, Hirofumi Anai, Narutoshi Kabashima, Masahiro Okazaki, Yasuhide Nakashima
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Cord serum cotinine as a biomarker of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy.
Authors: S Pichini, X B Basagaña, R Pacifici, O Garcia, C Puig, O Vall, J Harris, P Zuccaro, J Segura, J Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This study investigated the association between biomarkers of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy, cotinine in cord serum and in maternal and newborn urine samples, and quantitative measurement of smoking intake and exposure evaluated by maternal self-reported questionnaire. Study subjects were 429 mothers and their newborns from a hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A questionnaire including smoking habits was completed in the third trimester of pregnancy and on the day of delivery. Cotinine concentration in cord serum was associated with daily exposure to nicotine in nonsmokers and with daily nicotine intake in smokers. The geometric mean of cotinine concentration in cord serum statistically discriminated between newborns from nonexposed and exposed nonsmoking mothers, and between these two classes and smokers, and furthermore was able to differentiate levels of exposure to tobacco smoke and levels of intake stratified in tertiles. Urinary cotinine levels in newborns from nonsmoking mothers exposed to more than 4 mg nicotine daily were statistically different from levels in two other categories of exposure. Cotinine concentration in urine from newborns and from mothers did not differentiate between exposure and nonexposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in nonsmoking mothers. Cord serum cotinine appeared to be the most adequate biomarker of fetal exposure to smoking at the end of pregnancy, distinguishing not only active smoking from passive smoking, but also exposure to ETS from nonexposure.
Agency, religion, and magic
Authors: Dan Sperber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Atran &amp; Norenzayan (A&amp;N) ask: “Why do agent concepts predominate in religion?” This question presupposes that we have a notion of religion that is (1) well enough defined, and (2) characterized independently of that of supernatural agents. I question these two presuppositions. I argue that “religion” is a family resemblance notion built around the idea of supernatural agency.
Skeletal Imaging after Pleurodesis
Authors: RENE P. duCRET, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, STEVEN J. MILLER, TIMOTHY FROST, MERLE K. LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A hot hemithorax after sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion has not been reported previously. The unusual pattern presented here is due to true skeletal uptake, whereas the increase in pleural effusions is due to underlying fluid or soft tissue tracer accumulation. The mechanism of increased skeletal tracer uptake is unknown.
Some Radiologists Want More Money Up Front
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Splinting vs Surgery in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Annette A. M. Gerritsen, Henrica C. W. de Vet, Rob J. P. M. Scholten, Frits W. Bertelsmann, Marc C. T. F. M. de Krom, Lex M. Bouter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be treated with nonsurgical or surgical options.However, there is no consensus on the most effective method of treatment.Objective To compare the short-term and long-term efficacy of splinting and surgery for relieving the symptoms of CTS.Design, Setting, and Patients A randomized controlled trial conducted from October 1998 to April 2000 at 13 neurological outpatient clinics in the Netherlands.A total of 176 patients with clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed idiopathic CTS were assigned to wrist splinting during the night for at least 6 weeks (89 patients) or open carpal tunnel release (87 patients); 147 patients (84%) completed the final follow-up assessment 18 months after randomization. Main Outcome MeasuresGeneral improvement, number of nights waking up due to symptoms, and severity of symptoms. ResultsIn the intention-to-treat analyses, surgery was more effective than splinting on all outcome measures.The success rates (based on general improvement) after 3 months were 80% for the surgery group (62/78 patients) vs 54% for the splinting group (46/86 patients), which is a difference of 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12%-40%; PϽ.001).After 18 months, the success rates increased to 90% for the surgery group (61/68 patients) vs 75% for the splinting group (59/79 patients), which is a difference of 15% (95% CI, 3%-27%; P=.02).However, by that time 41% of patients (32/79) in the splint group had also received the surgery treatment. ConclusionTreatment with open carpal tunnel release surgery resulted in better outcomes than treatment with wrist splinting for patients with CTS.
Interrelationships between postprandial lipoprotein B:CIII particle changes and high-density lipoprotein subpopulation profiles in mixed hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Youssef Saïdi, Didier Sich, Anne Camproux, Monique Egloff, Marie-Christine Federspiel, Valérie Gautier, Alain Raisonnier, Gérard Turpin, Isabel Beucler
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Glycolytic Enzymes in Adipose Tissue of Adult Diabetics
Authors: D. J. Galton, J. P. D. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The maximal activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase were measured in human adipose tissue. Though the mean activity of hexokinase was similar between a group of adult diabetics (n=24) and a group of non-diabetic controls (n=25), in the diabetic group the activity of phosphofructokinase was definitely reduced. Possibly this enzyme deficiency might contribute to impaired glucose utilization by the adipose cell in diabetes.
An 89-Year-Old Woman With Urinary Incontinence, 1 Year Later
Authors: Jennifer Daley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In September 1996, at Medicine Grand Rounds, Dr Neil Resnick discussed an 89-year-old woman who had experienced urinary incontinence for 14 years and had tried multiple approaches to improve it.<sup>1</sup>Dr Resnick discussed the prevalence and causes of female geriatric urinary incontinence along with the diagnostic and management approach. For Mrs S, he recommended that treatment address her nocturia, arthritis, and detrusor overactivity. <h3>MRS S, THE PATIENT</h3> I turned 90 a few weeks ago. I wish I could say I was doing well, but I'm not. I've developed a problem with my neck and spine and I'm uncomfortable and all bent over; it's affecting my spinal cord. My neurologist says I'm healthy enough to consider surgery, so I have an appointment to see a neurosurgeon next week. This problem has only made my incontinence worse. Now I'm losing control during the day as well as at night. I have
African Genome Variation Project Will Facilitate Genetic Studies in Africa
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapeutic Abortion by Intra-amniotic Injection of Prostaglandins
Authors: G. Roberts, R. Gomersall, M. Adams, A. C. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Intra-amniotic injection of either prostaglandin F(2)alpha or prostaglandin E(2) was used in an attempt to induce therapeutic abortion in mid-pregnancy in 27 patients. Termination of pregnancy was successful in 11 out of 13 cases when prostaglandin E(2) alone was used, but in only 6 out of 14 cases when prostaglandin F(2)alpha was used. A further eight patients aborted after additional intravenous oxytocin stimulation, but the combined procedures failed altogether in two patients who were initially given prostaglandin F(2)alpha. The technique was simple, free from serious side effects, and reasonably effective when prostaglandin E(2) was used.
Probing the Chemistry of the Mind
Authors: Henry N. Wagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IN his classic book Principles of Psychology, published in 1890, the great psychologist-philosopher William James stated that "chemical action must of course accompany mental activity, but little is known of its exact nature." 1 The year 1984 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of artificial radioactivity and is likely to represent an important milestone in the history of medical science. Twenty years ago the Anger scintillation camera and the radionuclide technetium-99m brought about a logarithmic increase in the number of examinations of the human brain with radioactive tracers. Most of these were performed to help diagnose focal diseases of . . .
RIP1 is required for IAP inhibitor-mediated sensitization of childhood acute leukemia cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis
Authors: S Löder, M Fakler, H Schoeneberger, S Cristofanon, J Leibacher, N Vanlangenakker, M J M Bertrand, P Vandenabeele, I Jeremias, K-M Debatin, S Fulda
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Altered Postprandial Insulin Requirement in IDDM Patients With Gastroparesis
Authors: Masataka Ishii, Teruo Nakamura, Fukio Kasai, Tomio Onuma, Tsuneharu Baba, Kazuo Takebe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To evaluate the effect of gastric emptying on postprandial insulin requirement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with and without gastroparesis.Postprandial insulin requirement and gastric emptying were simultaneously evaluated in five IDDM patients with gastroparesis and in six control IDDM patients without gastroparesis. Postprandial insulin requirement after test-meal intake was assessed by measuring the insulin infusion rate during a 4-h feedback control with an artificial endocrine pancreas device (Biostator, Life Science Instruments, Miles, Elkhart, IN). Gastric solid and liquid emptyings were evaluated during the Biostator study by measuring the disappearance rate of 99mTc in the stomach and in the time course of plasma acetaminophen concentration, respectively.Total insulin requirement during the first 120 min after the test-meal intake was significantly lower in the gastroparetic patients than in the control patients. The gastroparetic patients showed no apparent postprandial peak for insulin infusion rate during the 4-h study, although the peak rate was observed within 120 min after the test-meal intake in the control patients. The disappearance of 99mTc in the stomach was significantly slower, and plasma acetaminophen concentrations were significantly lower in the gastroparetic patients compared with those in the control patients, respectively.The results suggest that IDDM patients with gastroparesis, accompanied by impaired solid and liquid emptying, have an altered postprandial insulin requirement.
MicroRNA-modulated targeting of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Michael S. Parmacek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

VSMCs exhibit the remarkable plasticity required for development and adaptation of the cardiovascular system. The capacity of VSMCs to modulate their phenotype has evolved to facilitate angiogenesis and wound healing, but it has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, restenosis, posttransplant arteriopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. In this issue of the JCI, Boettger and colleagues report that the recently discovered Mir143/145 gene cluster promotes acquisition of the contractile phenotype of murine VSMCs (see the related article beginning on page 2634). These VSMC-restricted microRNAs, which target unique combinations of SMC genes, provide an efficient mechanism to fine-tune cardiovascular homeostasis and the response of the vessel wall to injury. This important discovery will open the door to new avenues of investigation and potentially future therapies for vascular diseases.
Human herpesvirus 7 and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: F. Drago, F. Broccolo, A. Rebora
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Human herpesvirus 7 and cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas Get access F. Drago, F. Drago Department of Dermatology, Di.S.E.M., Genoa 16132, Italy E‐mail: frdrago@libero.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Broccolo, F. Broccolo Department of Dermatology, Di.S.E.M., Genoa 16132, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Rebora A. Rebora Department of Dermatology, Di.S.E.M., Genoa 16132, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 1, 1 July 2009, Page 199, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09185.x Published: 01 July 2009
Interdisciplinary undergraduate education: water as life, death, and power and the certificate in global health disparities
Authors: Anja Mueller, Stephen J Juris, Cathy Willermet, Eron Drake, Samik Upadhaya, Pratik Chhetri
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundCentral Michigan University's student chapter of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines organised a conference on global health disparities in April, 2011. From this conference came a student-driven initiative to develop interdisciplinary courses on health-related topics, and courses centred on global health and social justice. We describe the preparation and assessment of an interdisciplinary course about water.MethodsThe course was cotaught by the anthropology, biology, and chemistry faculty to 28 undergraduate students with anthropology, biology, chemistry, and other majors. The course combined waterborne diseases and water treatment with cultural-related and power-related barriers to clean water. The course included a student-mentored seminar stressing activism on water-related issues. The course's theme examined the effect of cholera, a waterborne disease, in a global context.FindingsAnalysis of pre-class and post-class questions about student attitudes via a written questionnaire showed an increase in social awareness and desire to continue to act towards solutions of global problems. For example, of 29 questions concerning civic engagement issues, all 29 responses showed an increase in agreement, with 11 showing statistically significant increases (28 degrees freedom). Assessment of student interdisciplinary thinking showed trends towards an increased ability to solve complex issues with interdisciplinary logic for seven of eight groups of students (the eighth group kept its high level).InterpretationThe student initiative led to the development of an interdisciplinary course that included activism. This course has been expanded to an interdisciplinary undergraduate certificate in global health disparities and might lead to an interdisciplinary major or minor in the future.FundingCentral Michigan University (CMU) Faculty Center for Innovative teaching (FaCIT).