tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide-induced tyrosine nitration and inactivation of hepatic glutamine synthetase in the rat
Authors: Boris Görg, Matthias Wettstein, Sabine Metzger, Freimut Schliess, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) in the liver is restricted to a small perivenous hepatocyte population and plays an important role in the scavenging of ammonia that has escaped the periportal urea-synthesizing compartment. We examined the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on glutamine synthesis in rat liver. LPS injection induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which was maximal after 6 to 12 hours but returned toward control levels within 24 hours. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, an approximately fivefold increase in tyrosine-nitrated proteins in liver was found, and GS protein expression was decreased by approximately 20%, whereas GS activity was lowered by 40% to 50%. GS was found to be tyrosine-nitrated in response to LPS, and immunodepletion of tyrosine-nitrated proteins decreased GS protein by approximately 50% but had no effect on GS activity. Together with the finding via mass spectrometry that peroxynitrite-induced inactivation of purified GS is associated with nitration of the active site tyrosine residue, our data suggest that tyrosine nitration critically contributes to inactivation of the enzyme. In line with GS inactivation, glutamine synthesis from ammonia (0.3 mmol/L) in perfused livers from 24-hour LPS-treated rats was decreased by approximately 50%, whereas urea synthesis was not significantly affected. In conclusion, LPS impairs hepatic ammonia detoxification by both downregulation of GS and its inactivation because of tyrosine nitration. The resulting defect of perivenous scavenger cell function with regard to ammonia elimination may contribute to sepsis-induced development of hyperammonemia in patients who have cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Persistent Fever in Patients with Neutropenia
Authors: Lawrence Corey, Michael Boeckh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Organ transplantation and major cancer chemotherapy are often associated with prolonged neutropenia (defined as less than 500 polymorphonuclear neutrophils per cubic millimeter), alterations in phagocyte function and lymphopenia due to immunosuppressive agents, and disruption of mucosal defense barriers resulting from mucositis and the presence of indwelling catheters. All these changes can lead to colonization and to invasion by microorganisms — as signaled by fever. More than 30 years ago, the empirical use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs was shown to reduce the frequency of bacteremia and sepsis among such patients. In the 1980s, it was learned that persistent or relapsing fever . . .
The Short Oesophagus
Authors: J. B. Rennie, F. T. Land, S. D. S. Park
Journal: BMJ (1949)

BDKJISHURNAL 1443 of delivery was calculated from the two readings available.The cases were then grouped according to the number of weeks that elapsed between examination and delivery, and an average of each group was calculated.These growth figures are given in Table III.The standard error of the means of these groups is ±0.02 in.
F-18 FDG PET Scan of a Metastatic Pineoblastoma
Authors: SIEMA M. B. BAKHEET, MAHER HASSOUNAH, JEHAD AL-WATBAN, MOHAMED HOMSI, JOHN POWE, SVEN LARSSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 5-year-old boy had obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a partially calcified pineal mass visualized by brain CT. An MRI showed homogenous enhancement of a pineal gland tumor, a separate suprasellar mass, and the leptomeninges of the brain stem and cervical spinal cord. F-18 FDG PET scan showed increased glucose uptake in all lesions. Biopsy of this pineal tumor indicated pineoblastoma. The CT and MRI features of pineoblastoma are nonspecific and cannot distinguish the various types of pineal parenchymal tumors. F-18 FDG PET scans could be helpful in classifying some difficult cases, because higher levels of F-18 FDG uptake would be expected in the malignant types because of increased glucose metabolism. PET scans could also be useful in determining the degree of malignancy in those tumors with intermediate differentiation.
SAMHSA: Pain Medication Abuse a Common Path to Heroin
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

�I swore I would never use a needle,� is a common refrain that physician Marc Fishman, MD, hears from young patients in treatment for opioid addiction.

But many of his patients who began their drug use with prescription pain medications do indeed surprise themselves by resorting to injection heroin use. The switch often comes when they are struggling with withdrawal and requiring higher doses to ease their symptoms and can no longer afford to purchase pain medications, which have a far higher price on the illegal drug market.
Vein Graft Surgery for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: WILLIAM C. SHELDON, GUSTAVO RINCON, DONALD B. EFFLER, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, F. MASON SONES
Journal: Circulation (1973)

One thousand patients were operated upon with vein graft techniques for severe coronary artery obstructions between May 1967 and July 1970, with a hospital mortality rate of 4% and a 5.6% incidence of angiographically confirmed in-hospital myocardial infarctions. Postoperative angiograms, performed in 619 of the survivors, revealed patency of one or more vein grafts in 84.2% of patients, and 82.5% of all grafts were patent in studies performed 1 to 49 months after surgery. The hospital survivors were followed for 22 to 60 months; only three patients were lost to follow-up. The survival curve for this group of patients was compared with that of another group of 469 patients who also had severe coronary artery disease and were potential surgical candidates, but were studied in an earlier period and did not have surgical treatment. The annual rate of attrition for each of the four years of follow-up in the surgical group averaged 4.8% per year (2.5% per year excluding hospital mortality), and 9.3% per year in the nonsurgical group. Remission of symptoms correlated closely with the completeness of revascularization. Myocardial revascularization with vein graft techniques can be accomplished successfully and with low risk in the majority of properly selected patients, resulting in a significant improvement in symptoms, as well as in long-term survival.
Stereotactic breast biopsy
Authors: R. A. Schmidt
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

The substantial majority of questionable lesions detected by mammography are benign, and there is growing interest among health care professionals and patients in alternatives to surgical biopsy for diagnosing theselesions. Stereotactic breast biopsy is an x-ray guided method forlocalizing and sampling breast lesions discovered on mammography andconsidered to be suspicious for malignancy. Its use in sampling small, nonpalpable breast lesions has been investigated over the past 15 years, using fine-needle aspiration for cytology and, more recently, core-needlebiopsy for histology. Multiple series comparing stereotactic biopsy withsurgical biopsy have shown that stereotactic techniques accurately samplesmall lesions and have a sensitivity of 90 to 95 percent for breast cancerdetection. State-of-the-art stereotactic breast biopsy is comparable insensitivity to surgical biopsy, and the procedure is quicker, cheaper, andeasier than the standard practice of preoperative, mammographically guidedlocalization followed by surgical biopsy. In an age of miniaturization, stereotactic techniques provide miniature breast biopsies. The University of Chicago acquired the first prone stereotactic table in the United Statesin 1986, and we have found stereotactic breast biopsy to be a very goodalternative for certain lesions that would otherwise require surgicalbiopsy for diagnosis. Most lesions (70 percent) sent to conventional biopsyat the University of Chicago between 1986 and 1989 were graded by observersas being in a low-suspicion category (less than 10 percent chance ofmalignancy based on mammographic findings), and the positive malignancyyield of this category of lesions was seven percent. These lesions werealso examined with stereotactic fine-needle aspiration performed as a “piggy-back” procedure to the needle localization for surgery. The resultsof this study have led us to use stereotactic biopsy rather than surgicalbiopsy for low-suspicion lesions since then. We currently use stereotacticbreast biopsy for about half the nonpalpable lesions considered for breastbiopsy at our institution and find it to be reliable and readily acceptedby informed patients. The introduction of automated core-biopsy guns hasescalated interest in the technique, due to increased confidence in thehistologic samples obtained and the ability to make specific benigndiagnoses more frequently. Some centers have extended the potential use ofstereotaxis to virtually all suspicious mammographic lesions, includingthose with a high probability of malignancy, to plan definitive surgery.Based on current estimates, there are now over 1,000 centers eitherinvestigating or using stereotactic biopsy for occult breast lesions.
922-60 How Positionally Stable is a Transesophageal Echo Probe During 3 Dimensional Imaging? Implications for 3 Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Malcolm E. Legget, Roy W. Martin, Florence H. Sheehan, Gerry Bashein, Edward L. Bolson, Xian-Ning Li, Todd R. Zwink, Catherine M. Otto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Dexamethasone modulates rat renal brush border membrane phosphate transporter mRNA and protein abundance and glycosphingolipid composition.
Authors: M Levi, J A Shayman, A Abe, S K Gross, R H McCluer, J Biber, H Murer, M Lötscher, R E Cronin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Glucocorticoids are important regulators of renal phosphate transport. This study investigates the role of alterations in renal brush border membrane (BBM) sodium gradient-dependent phosphate transport (Na-Pi cotransporter) mRNA and protein abundance in the dexamethasone induced inhibition of Na-Pi cotransport in the rat. Dexamethasone administration for 4 d caused a 1.5-fold increase in the Vmax of Na-Pi cotransport (1785 +/- 119 vs. 2759 +/- 375 pmol/5 s per mg BBM protein in control, P < 0.01), which was paralleled by a 2.5-fold decrease in the abundance of Na-Pi mRNA and Na-Pi protein. There was also a 1.7-fold increase in BBM glucosylceramide content (528 +/- 63 vs. 312 +/- 41 ng/mg BBM protein in control, P < 0.02). To determine whether the alteration in glucosylceramide content per se played a functional role in the decrease in Na-Pi cotransport, control rats were treated with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoyl-amino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP). The resultant 1.5-fold decrease in BBM glucosylceramide content (199 +/- 19 vs. 312 +/- 41 ng/mg BBM protein in control, P < 0.02) was associated with a 1.4-fold increase in Na-Pi cotransport activity (1422 +/- 73 vs. 1048 +/- 85 pmol/5 s per mg BBM protein in control, P < 0.01), and a 1.5-fold increase in BBM Na-Pi protein abundance. Thus, dexamethasone-induced inhibition of Na-Pi cotransport is associated with a decrease in BBM Na-Pi cotransporter abundance, and an increase in glucosylceramide. Since primary alteration in BBM glucosylceramide content per se directly and selectively modulates BBM Na-Pi cotransport activity and Na-Pi protein abundance, we propose that the increase in BBM glucosylceramide content plays an important role in mediating the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on Na-Pi cotransport activity.
Strain variation in the frequency of Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed fetal liver pre-B cells bearing complete immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements.
Authors: G E Osman, H H Wortis, P H Brodeur
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Fetal liver Abelson pre-B cell lines obtained from CBA/Tufts.xid and (CBA/Tufts.xid x CBA/Tufts)F1 mice have complete VDJH rearrangements on at least one allele. Such high frequencies of VDJH rearrangements have previously been observed in adult derived but not fetal liver derived Abelson pre-B cell lines. Genetic analyses suggest that CBA/Tufts.xid carries an autosomal dominant gene(s) that determines the predominance of VDJH rearrangements among transformants. This autosomal gene(s) might affect the intrinsic development of the early B cell lineage in the fetus or the fetal microenvironment, expanding pre-B cells of the "more mature" VDJH phenotype.
Cyanide Intoxication Among Silver-Reclaiming Workers
Authors: Paul Blanc, Mary Hogan, Katherine Mallin, Daniel Hryhorczuk, Stephen Hessl, Bruce Bernard
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Thirty-six former workers in a silver-reclaiming facility who had been exposed over a long-term to excessive levels of cyanide were studied to determine acute and residual toxic reactions. The study involved physical examinations, laboratory studies, and a questionnaire to determine levels of exposure, symptoms during employment, and current symptoms. Questionnaire data showed that during the time of active employment there was a high prevalence of symptoms that are consistent with acute cyanide toxic reactions. A significant positive trend for prevalence of cyanide-related symptoms measured against levels of exposure was demonstrated, supporting a dose-response effect. Some symptoms occurring seven or more months after exposure had ceased also exhibited a dose-response trend. Mild abnormalities of vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid function were detected and suggest long-term cyanide effects.
P174 Reduction in hospital admissions in COPD patients following domiciliary BIPAP
Authors: A Fazleen, R Mirza, B Prathibha
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> COPD is a condition with multiple implications to the sufferer in terms of disability and high mortality, and one that often necessitates multiple hospital admissions, resulting in further distress to the patient as well as increased healthcare costs. Bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) has long been used to treat patients with acute exacerbations of COPD in hosiptal settings. We aim to decipher if institution of BIPAP reduces the number of hospital admissions in patients with COPD. <h3>Method</h3> We used a regional database to gather information on patients on domicilliary BIPAP in the region, and identified the number of patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD. We then used the electronic discharge notification software in hospitals in the region to identify the number of hospital admissions in these patients before and after the institution of BIPAP, within a one-year period. We used 2011 as the base year, i.e., we collected data from patients who were initiated on BIPAP in 2011, and determined the number of admissions the year prior to, and the year following, initiation of BIPAP. <h3>Results</h3> On the database studied, 317 patients were on domiciliary BIPAP, 112 of which were secondary to COPD (35.33% of the total database). A total of 23 patients were commenced on BIPAP in 2011. The number of admissions per year prior to initiating BIPAP ranged from 0 to 4, with a total of 39 admissions among all patients, equating to a mean of 1.70 admissions per patient. This reduced to 14 in the year following BIPAP, with an average of 0.61 admissions per patient, reducing the number of admissions by almost two-thirds. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings suggest that the use of domiciliary BIPAP reduces hospital admissions in patients with COPD, thereby improving, at least partially, their quality of life. It also highlights the importance of a dedicated centre for managing patients on domiciliary BIPAP, as this database reflected the work of a single respiratory centre within the region specialising in managing patients requiring domiciliary BIPAP, thereby providing standardised care.
Ischaemia of the extremities in a smoker
Authors: R. Berryman, I. Currie, R. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 51 year old man presented with a six week history of pain in his right hand, which was associated with blue discoloration and a discharge of pus from the tip of his index finger. He was a lifelong smoker but had no other cardiovascular risk factors. He had a history of Raynaud’s phenomenon affecting both hands and claudication of both feet.

His blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg and his cardiovascular examination was normal. No carotid, subclavian, or femoral bruits were heard. Capillary refill was prolonged at six seconds. The right hand digits were cyanosed, with wet gangrene in the distal right index finger. Brachial pulses were palpable but radial and ulnar pulses were absent bilaterally. Femoral and popliteal pulses were palpable but all foot pulses were absent. Allen’s test was positive.

Laboratory investigations showed sodium 141 mmol/L (reference range 135-145), potassium 5.6 mmol/L (3.5-5.0), urea 6.5 mmol/L (2.5-6.7), creatinine 80 mmol/L (70-120), glucose 6 mmol/L (3-7.8), C reactive protein 16 mg/L (0-5), white blood cell count 12.4×109/L (4-10), and neutrophils 9.1×109/L (1.8-7.5). His autoimmune profile was negative and his hypercoagulability screen was normal. Electrocardiography showed a normal sinus rhythm. On angiographic assessment, he had normal proximal vessels but distal small vessel disease and medium vessel disease bilaterally; he also had segmental and distal occlusion of the radial and ulnar arteries and the posterior tibial arteries bilaterally. On ultrasound examination the vessels were dilated, with a halo of inflammatory tissue …
Subepicardial dysfunction leads to global left ventricular systolic impairment in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I
Authors: Kieren G. Hollingsworth, Tracey A. Willis, Matthew G.D. Bates, Ben J. Dixon, Hanns Lochmüller, Kate Bushby, John Bourke, Guy A. MacGowan, Volker Straub
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in hypopituitarism: evidence for an extrapituitary origin.
Authors: S Shuster, A Smith, N Plummer, A Thody, F Clark
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) was measured in the plasma of 19 patients with hypopituitarism and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of five of these patients. In neither plasma nor CSF were the beta-MSH concentrations significantly different from those in normal controls. These observations raise the possibility that beta-MSH may be produced by and secreted from neural tissue; this is supported by the findings of beta-MSH in high concentrations in many parts of the brain.
The Effect of Graft-versus-Host Disease on T Cell Production and Homeostasis
Authors: Gaël Dulude, Denis-Claude Roy, Claude Perreault
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The aim of this work was to decipher how graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) affects T cell production and homeostasis. In GVHD+ mice, thymic output was decreased fourfold relative to normal mice, but was sufficient to maintain a T cell repertoire with normal diversity in terms of Vβ usage. Lymphoid hypoplasia in GVHD+ mice was caused mainly by a lessened expansion of the peripheral postthymic T cell compartment. In 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments, resident T cells in the spleen of GVHD+ mice showed a normal turnover rate (proliferation and half-life). When transferred into thymectomized GVHD− secondary hosts, T cells from GVHD+ mice expanded normally. In contrast, normal T cells failed to expand when injected into GVHD+ mice. Thus, the reduced size of the postthymic compartment in GVHD+ mice was not due to an intrinsic lymphocyte defect, but to an extrinsic microenvironment abnormality. We suggest that this extrinsic anomaly is consistent with a reduced number of functional peripheral T cell niches. Therefore, our results show that GVHD-associated T cell hypoplasia is largely caused by a perturbed homeostasis of the peripheral compartment. Furthermore, they suggest that damage to the microenvironment of secondary lymphoid organs may represent an heretofore unrecognized cause of acquired T cell hypoplasia.
On Education and Research in Ecological Medicine (Psychosomatic Medicine)
Authors: Nicholas Destounis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Because advances in our field have increased the complexity of our work, I feel that the name of this discipline should be changed. I suggest a more pragmatic term, namely, Ecological Medicine. Ecological Medicine is a science relating to physiological, biological, genetic, socioeconomic, cultural, etc., changes now taking place in our cosmos. It is concerned with disease and health processes of several components of the living organism. Its task is to recognize, evaluate, prevent, and treat all the above variables which are in integral part of the disease process. I should like to stress here that the central thinking must be a strategic one: to devise and apply means, ways, and methods for the exchange of information between those working in clinical and humanistic disciplines and of those in laboratories. In other words, I, personally, believe that the research scientists, who are working in any laboratory, cannot afford to ignore the psychological, socioeconomic and cultural factors affecting people's health. Consequently, they must, on one hand, orient themselves in accordance with the above-mentioned demands, and collaborate with the scientists of the humanistic disciplines, on the other. Thus, in this way, only the anthropos can be thoroughly and completely investigated as a unique psychophysiological, socioeconomic, and cultural ecologic entity.
High Left Ventricular Assist Device Flows Resulting From Combined Native Aortic Valve and Outflow Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Offer Amir, Biswajit Kar, Reynolds M. Delgado, Antoine G. Younis, Igor D. Gregoric, Frank W. Smart, Branislav Radovancevic, O.H. Frazier
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Abstract LB-159: Characterization of cell-cycle progression using a novel bi-cistronic lentiviral FUCCI reporter
Authors: Gabriel Pineda, Florence Lambert-Fliszar, Gennarina L. Riso, Kathleen M. Kane, Catriona Jamieson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Currently, there are few methods to visualize cell cycle progression in leukemia stem cells (LSC). Human LSC are characterized as quiescent self-renewing cells that drive leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes. Additionally, current methods require sequential transduction and clonal selection. These methods and conditions are not feasible to study primary patient samples and LSC, which are generally limited in sample size. To alleviate this challenge, we generated a lentiviral biscistronic vector encoding FUCCI (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator) probes. Time-lapse confocal imaging of transduced 293 cells and SKNO-1 cells exhibited normal cell division and distinct nuclear staining of either green or red fluorescence. Further, analysis by flow cytometry of 293 cell confirms that S/G2/M and G1/G0 phases of cell cycle correlate to expression of fluorescent reporters expressed from bicistronic lentiviral vector and recapitulate FACS plots using traditional Ki67 and 7AAD staining. The development of this new reagent offers a new and more effective method to track cell cycle progression in limited mammalian cell populations. Future studies will utilize primary patient CD34+CD38- selected leukemic stem cell populations. Citation Format: Gabriel Pineda, Florence Lambert-Fliszar, Gennarina L. Riso, Kathleen M. Kane, Catriona Jamieson. Characterization of cell-cycle progression using a novel bi-cistronic lentiviral FUCCI reporter. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-159