tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Washing Hands
Authors: Atul Gawande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

One afternoon last December, I took a tour of my hospital with Deborah Yokoe, an infectious-disease specialist, and Susan Marino, a medical technologist by training. They work in our infection-control unit. Their full-time job is to stop the spread of infection in the hospital. They have coped with influenza epidemics, Legionnaires' disease, fatal bacterial meningitis, and once this past year, a case that, according to the patient's brain-biopsy results, might have been Creutzfeld–Jakob disease — a nightmare, because ordinary heat-sterilization of the neurosurgical instruments used would not have kept the infectious agent from being transferred to other patients. Yokoe and . . .
Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis with co-existing myositis
Authors: P. Hughes, C. R. McGavin
Journal: Thorax (1997)

In a small number of cases the co-existence of primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis is assumed from clinical serological and histological findings. A case of sarcoidosis is reported in which the M2 antibody, a highly specific marker for primary biliary cirrhosis, was detected. The patient also developed a severe myositis and a possible overlap syndrome is discussed.
Is Thymectomy Necessary in Nonmyasthenic Patients with Early Thymoma?
Authors: Yen-Chiang Tseng, Chih-Cheng Hsieh, Hsin-Yi Huang, Chien-Sheng Huang, Wen-Hu Hsu, Biing-Shiun Huang, Min-Hsiung Huang, Han-Shui Hsu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Screening for HIV-1 antibodies in pregnancy: results from the Swedish national programme.
Authors: S Lindgren, A B Bohlin, M Forsgren, M Arneborn, C Ottenblad, K Lidman, B Anzen, M von Sydow, M Bottiger
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To determine the effectiveness of a national screening programme for HIV infection in pregnant women.Observational study.All pregnant women presenting to antenatal or abortion clinics.Sweden, September 1987 to December 1991.Number and characteristics of infected women.By the end of the study period 510,000 tests had been performed and 54 women with HIV infection identified (1.06/10,000). Of the 33 women identified in Stockholm, 14 women (4.4/10,000) had attended abortion clinics and 19 antenatal clinics (1.8/10,000; p < 0.05). Three women had been intravenous drug users, one was infected through a blood transfusion, and 50 were probably infected sexually. Of the 20 women who attended antenatal clinics early enough to allow an abortion, 12 continued with their pregnancies.Testing of all women, not just those perceived to be at risk, probably contributed to the high uptake of HIV testing. With high uptake such screening provides valuable data on spread of HIV in the heterosexual population and presents opportunity for preventing transmission of HIV to children and partners.
Implication of lipid metabolism disturbance and Alzheimer’s disease: focus on the lipoprotein lipase plays an important role in learning and memory function
Authors: Dehua Chui, Ting Zhou, Liang Zhou, Huan Yang, Xinying Liu, Tingting Liu, Jia Yu, Yi Liu, Xue Fei Wu, Hui Zhang, Dongsheng Fan
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Results In this study, we found that LPL-deficient mice exhibited increased latency to escape platform and increased mistake frequency. Decreased latency to platform in the stepdown passive avoidance test was observed, consistent with impaired learning and memory in these mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a significant decrease in the number of pre-synaptic vesicles in the hippocampus of LPL-deficient mice. The levels of the pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin were also reduced in the hippocampus while post-synaptic marker PSD-95 levels remained unchanged in LPL-deficient mice. LPL deficiency reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and readily releasable pool (RRP) size. Then we demonstrated that these defects, which resulted from slower clathrin-mediated endocytosis and synaptic vesicle recycling, led to presynaptic dysfunction and synaptic plasticity impairment. Moreover, lipid assay revealed a lack of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in LPL deficient neurons. Meanwhile, exogenous DHA and AA partially rescued the defect of synaptic vesicle recycling in LPL deficient neurons. Conclusion
DEEP X-RAY THERAPY IN MALIGNANT DISEASE: NOTES OF A VISIT TO ERLANGEN
Authors: J. C. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1922)

_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIAIiis kidney technique upon a patient.This I was most pleased.to do.Dr.. Carelli came to the Frenell Hospital on December Bth, 1921, and, in the presence of several radiologists, performed a perirenal inflation.
Critical state of NHS could worsen, leading economist warns
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Politicians should be wary of using the term “crisis” to describe the current state of the NHS in England because of the potential for the service to deteriorate further, a leading health economist has warned.

John Appleby, chief economist at the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund, told BBC Radio 4’s Today news programme that although the NHS was in a “critical state” because of a shortage of funding and growing demand from an ageing population, the vast majority of people were still receiving good, timely care.1 But he warned …
Frequent Silencing of RASSF1A via Promoter Methylation in Follicular Thyroid Hyperplasia
Authors: Taylor C. Brown, C. Christofer Juhlin, James M. Healy, Manju L. Prasad, Reju Korah, Tobias Carling
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Follicular thyroid hyperplasia (FTH) refers to enlargement of the thyroid gland due to cellular hyperplasia. It is frequently encountered in clinical practice in nontoxic uninodular or multinodular goiter. The genetic and epigenetic events associated with the origin and malignant potential of FTH are poorly understood.To analyze FTH samples for known recurrent genetic and epigenetic driver events in thyroid neoplasms such as activating mutations in proto-oncogenes BRAF and NRAS and promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A, PTEN, and RASSF1A.Clinical characteristics and thyroid specimens were prospectively obtained from 43 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at Yale-New Haven Hospital.Presence of BRAF(V600E) and NRAS codon 61 mutations were assessed in FTH. Methylation status of CDKN2A, PTEN, and RASSF1A gene promoters in FTH, follicular thyroid adenoma, and follicular thyroid carcinoma was quantified. Regulation of RASSF1A messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression and its potential neoplastic role in FTH were examined.An exploratory cohort of FTH (n = 10) was negative for BRAF(V600E) and NRAS codon 61 mutations. In contrast, epigenetic analysis displayed significant promoter hypermethylation of the tumor-suppressor gene RASSF1A in 6 FTH samples (60%) compared with their adjacent normal tissue (P = .01). The overall genome CpG methylation and promoter methylation of PTEN and CDKN2A were unaffected in the lesions. Further analysis of an expanded cohort of patients with FTH (n = 23), follicular thyroid adenoma (n = 10), and follicular thyroid carcinoma (n = 10) showed RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in 14 (61%), 9 (90%), and 7 (70%), respectively (P < .001). The overall hypermethylation level in FTH showed a statistically significant inverse correlation with RASSF1A mRNA expression (P = .005). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated minimal or no protein expression in most FTH samples studied. To explore the potential neoplastic contribution of RASSF1A downregulation, we analyzed the expression pattern of thyroid proliferation markers Ki-67 and NF-κB in representative samples. Although Ki-67 expression was undetectable, similar to normal tissue, FTH samples expressed high levels of NF-κB, similar to the expression levels in thyroid tumors.We demonstrate silencing of tumor suppressor RASSF1A in a subset of FTH in the absence of other known thyroid cancer-associated genetic and epigenetic changes. Silencing of RASSF1A and concurrent NF-κB activation demonstrate that a subset of FTH shares epigenetic changes and downstream signaling events associated with malignant lesions, suggesting that FTH may have the potential to be a premalignant lesion.
3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide in plasma. A marker of androgen action in idiopathic hirsutism.
Authors: R Horton, D Hawks, R Lobo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Biologically active androgens and peripheral androgen metabolites in plasma were measured in 25 women with idiopathic hirsutism (IH). Plasma testosterone was not significantly elevated. Free testosterone however was increased although the elevation was not impressive (10.9 +/- 6.6 SD vs. 3.3 +/- 1.5 ng/dl) and one-fourth of the cases had normal unbound testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) values were elevated (23.5 +/- 14 vs. 12.5 +/- 3.59) but again over half of the values were within the normal range. In our series of mild to moderate cases, 3 alpha-diol was not at all discriminatory. However, plasma 3 alpha-diol glucuronide was markedly increased (604 +/- 376 vs. 40 +/- 10 ng/dl), and elevated in all but one mild case. Previous studies document that DHT is the important androgen in skin and formation of DHT and 3 alpha-diol is markedly increased in vitro in IH. Since 3 alpha-diol glucuronide is derived largely from extrasplanchnic events, beta-glucuronidase is present in skin, and androgen stimulates formation of the enzyme in extrasplanchnic tissue, we conclude that 3 alpha-diol glucuronide is a marker of peripheral androgen action and markedly elevated in IH.
Simple training programme for ambulance personnel in the management of cardiac arrest in the community.
Authors: J M Rowley, C Garner, M Handy, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The extended training for ambulance personnel in Nottinghamshire includes a period of training in cardiac resuscitation by defibrillation, and defibrillators are now part of the standard equipment of vehicles used on the accident and emergency service. Comparison of recent results with previous attempts in the City of Nottingham to provide a service for out of hospital cardiac arrest has shown that an elementary training course and the provision of defibrillators on emergency vehicles enables the ambulance service to save the lives of a reasonable proportion of those who suffer sudden death in the community. The extended training programme as a whole has proved acceptable to ambulance personnel and we believe that this programme could be the basis for a more widespread introduction of post basic training.
Radiation and Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Norman Simon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  I am grateful to Drs Kalisher and Greenes for their conscientious reading of my paper and for their important comments. They considered the article as a large statistically defined study, while it was meant to be, as expressed, suggesting another group at higher risk... for cancer of the  on the basis of a clinical observation. I am not alone in sensing the fear of inducing cancer of the breast by radiation, and this clinical observation on acne radiation appeared to warrant publication because of the possibility that such radiation contributed to the cause of cancer of the breast and because the records of such patients would provide a pool of data for study.  In respect to the cogent questions concerning details of the radiation treatment for acne, I must note that I have exact data on the characteristics of radiation received in only one of the 16
Noradrenaline vs. terlipressin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized study
Authors: Virendra Singh, Souvik Ghosh, Baljinder Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Navneet Sharma, Ashish Bhalla, A.K. Sharma, N.S. Choudhary, Yogesh Chawla, C.K. Nain
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Personal Directions for Care at the End of Life
Authors: Sissela Bok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

THE concern with the conditions in which people approach death is growing. The plight of Karen Ann Quinlan and her family touched many readers. More than the fear of death itself, it is the fear of lingering before death and of creating heavy burdens for families that troubles many. It is also the more general fear of dying in a hospital or nursing home as more than 80 per cent of Americans now must; of a process of growing mental incapacitation perhaps ending in total incompetence; or perhaps of prolonged, intense suffering. And underlying all these fears is that of . . .
10-year risk for CV events was 10% to 56% in rheumatoid arthritis; risk was greatest for patients with CV risk factors
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Kremers HM, Crowson CS, Therneau TM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE. High ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:2268-74. 18668561
Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Stephen C. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial "Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesives" (<b>201</b>:195, 1967) deserves comment. Experimental observations<sup>1,2</sup>have demonstrated a dichotomy among the alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates in regard to local toxicity. The methyl and ethyl esters are locally toxic, but the higher homologues, such as n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and n-decyl are not. We did not report<sup>1</sup>that "as one proceeds up the homologous series, histotoxicity decreases," but rather showed that the methyl homologue was logically toxic whereas the hexyl and decyl homologues were not. The latter two materials evoked similar responses. In regard to rates of polymerization, these rates can be varied for any monomer. They are directly related to purity of the monomer, surface area exposed to catalysis, and effective catalyst concentration and are inversely related to the local concentration of acidic inhibitor substances. These factors, especially purity of the monomer, control polymerization time. Thus factors other than rate of polymerization
Proper Evaluation of Lead Poisoning
Authors: Robert A. Kehoe
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am sharply critical not only of the reply given in the Question and Answer, "Chelation in the Diagnosis of Lead Poisoning" (<i>JAMA</i><b>188:</b>478 [May 4] 1964), but also of the procedure of referring such a question to a person who is not a physician and who clearly does not understand the problem. From the practical point of view —that of a physician in the practice of his art and science—I regard the answer as most unsatisfactory. The diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of "laboratory tests for lead poisoning," and this should have been made clear in the first sentence. The diagnosis, now as in the past, is based on symptoms and physical findings, supplemented by hematological tests, both morphologic and biochemical. Quantitative observations on lead relate not to illness, but to the severity of exposure in time and intensity. The quantity of lead
Nail is produced by the normal nail bed: a controversy resolved
Authors: MARGARET JOHNSON, J. S. COMAISH, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Nail thickness and mass (dry weight/unit surface area) of 21 toenails, removed from 19 patients after accidental injury, were measured over the mid point of the lunula, at the nail plate immediately distal to the lunula and at the distal end of the nail bed. Nail thickness increased from 43% of the final thickness over the mid-point of the lunula to 81% at its distal margin, the remaining increase in thickness being formed by the nail bed. The changes in nail mass were comparable. We conclude that ventral nail produced by the nail bed comprises about one-fifth of the terminal nail thickness and mass.
Glucagon-Enhanced Ventricular Automaticity in Dogs
Authors: R. D. Wilkerson, J. K. Pruett, E. F. Woods, T. E. Grover
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Ventricular automaticity was studied in dogs with intact atrioventricular conduction systems and in dogs with surgically interrupted conduction systems before and after glucagon, 50 µ.g/kg. Results of these studies are in agreement with previous studies. When the influence of rate-dependent suppression of ventricular automaticity was nullified by comparing automaticity during periods of equal heart rates, highly significant increases in automaticity were observed in both preparations after glucagon administration. One index of automaticity, the number of ventricular beats occurring in a 30-second period following onset of vagal stimulation, increased from 8.7 ± 2.6 to 14.7 ± 3.1 after glucagon administration, an increase of 69%. The number of ventricular beats in a 30-second period following cessation of ventricular pacing increased from 8.6 ± 2.5 to 14.9 ± 2.1 after glucagon administration in dogs with heart block, an increase of 73%. Automaticity increases were also noted using other indexes. Beta-receptor blockade with propranolol failed to abolish automaticity changes effected by glucagon. This study demonstrated increases in ventricular automaticity produced by glucagon that heretofore had been overlooked, because a rate-dependent decrease in ventricular automaticity secondary to the positive chronotropic effect of this hormone masked the increases in automaticity.
Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on overall risk of common cancer: case-control study in general practice research database
Authors: M J S Langman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine whether anti-inflammatory drug treatment protects against the commoner cancers in the United Kingdom. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study using the general practice research database. <b>Setting:</b> Practices throughout United Kingdom providing data to the database. <b>Subjects:</b> Patients who had a first diagnosis of five gastrointestinal (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, and pancreas) cancers and four non-gastrointestinal (bladder, breast, lung, and prostate) cancers in 1993–5 for whom prescription data were available for the at least the previous 36 months. Each case was matched for age, sex, and general practice with three controls. Main outcome measure: Risk of cancer. <b>Results:</b> In 12 174 cancer cases and 34 934 controls overall risk of the nine cancers was not significantly reduced among those who had received at least seven prescriptions in the 13–36 months before cancer diagnosis (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.07). Findings were nevertheless compatible with protective effects from anti-inflammatory drugs against cancers of the oesophagus (0.64, 0.41 to 0.98), stomach (0.51, 0.33 to 0.79), colon (0.76, 0.58 to 1.00), and rectum (0.75, 0.49 to 1.14) with dose related trends. The risk of pancreatic cancer (1.49, 1.02 to 2.18) and prostatic cancer (1.33, 1.07 to1.64) was increased among patients who had received at least seven prescriptions, but the trend was dose related for only pancreatic cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> Anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against oesophageal and gastric cancer as well as colon and rectal cancer. The increased risks of pancreatic and prostatic cancer could be due to chance or to undetected biases and warrant further investigation.
Outcome of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants: preliminary report of seven-year follow-up study.
Authors: J Y Mok, H Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Seven years after admission to hospital for acute lower respiratory tract infection in infancy 200 children and their matched controls were assessed for respiratory state and epidemiological characteristics. The index group comprised 100 cases where respiratory syncytial virus infection had been responsible for the index illness (group 1) and 100 cases in whom this organism had not been found (group 2). There were no differences between index and control groups in birth weight or gestational age but fewer index cases were breast fed. Social indices such as class distribution and family size were more favourable in controls, though housing standards and maternal smoking habits were similar in the two groups. The prevalence of subsequent respiratory symptoms--cough, wheeze, nasal discharge, and hearing difficulties--was greater in index cases as was absence from school and family doctor consultation for respiratory illness. Bronchitis and asthma were significantly more common in the index group. Impaired ventilatory function and bronchial hyperreactivity were found in index cases when compared with controls. No differences in clinical characteristics and outcome were found in the two groups of index cases. The question whether lung "damage" during lower respiratory tract infection predisposes to subsequent respiratory problems or whether certain infants are more vulnerable than others to respiratory illnesses (including lower respiratory tract infection) from the onset is unanswered.
Patient-Physician Communication: Respect for Culture, Religion, and Autonomy
Authors: Steven Z. Pantilat
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Blackhall and colleagues<sup>1</sup>demonstrate that patients from different ethnic groups have differing attitudes toward autonomy and medical decision making. I agree with the authors' suggestion "that physicians ask patients if they wish to be informed about their illness and be involved in making decisions about their care or if they prefer that their family handles such matters" and believe it is also important to address the timing of such discussions. One option is to address this issue only when the need arises, for instance, when a test result reveals the presence of a serious illness. The advantage of this approach is that it limits the number of patients with whom the physician must discuss the issue to those few with an abnormal test result. However, a major problem with this approach is that when the physician has a test result indicating the patient has a
Targeted deletion of liver glucose-6 phosphatase mimics glycogen storage disease type 1a including development of multiple adenomas
Authors: Elodie Mutel, Aya Abdul-Wahed, Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa, Anne Stefanutti, Isabelle Houberdon, Sophie Cavassila, Frank Pilleul, Olivier Beuf, Amandine Gautier-Stein, Armelle Penhoat, Gilles Mithieux, Fabienne Rajas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Clinical Pharmacology of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Authors: JEFFREY DRAZEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<POTENCY OF LEUKOTRIENE RE...EFFECT OF LEUKOTRIENE REC...EFFECT OF LEUKOTRIENE REC...CONCLUSIONSDISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
The effect of static magnetic fields on the aggregation and cytotoxicity of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ji-Eun Bae, Man-Il Huh, Byung-Kyu Ryu, Ji-Yeon Do, Seong-Uk Jin, Myung-Jin Moon, Jae-Chang Jung, Yongmin Chang, Eungseok Kim, Sung-Gil Chi, Gang-Ho Lee, Kwon-Seok Chae
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Book Review Adolescents at Risk: Prevalence and prevention By Joy G. Dryfoos. 280 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990. $29.95. Youth Suicide: Issues, assessment, and intervention Edited by Peter Cimbolic and David A. Jobes. 122 pp. Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, 1990. $26.75.
Authors: Robert P. Masland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)