tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Malaria Vaccine That Elicits in Humans Antibodies Able to Kill Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Pierre Druilhe, François Spertini, Daw Soesoe, Giampietro Corradin, Pedro Mejia, Subhash Singh, Regine Audran, Ahmed Bouzidi, Claude Oeuvray, Christian Roussilhon
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 is a malaria vaccine candidate that was identified, characterised, and developed based on a unique immuno-clinical approach. The vaccine construct was derived from regions fully conserved among various strains and containing B cell epitopes targeted by human antibodies (from malaria-immune adults) that are able to mediate a monocyte-dependent parasite killing effect. The corresponding long synthetic peptide was administered to 36 volunteers, with either alum or Montanide ISA720 as adjuvant. Methods and Findings Both formulations induced cellular and humoral immune responses. With alum, the responses lasted up to 12 mo. The vaccine-induced antibodies were predominantly of cytophilic classes, i.e., able to cooperate with effector cells. In vitro, the antibodies induced an inhibition of the P. falciparum erythrocytic growth in a monocyte-dependent manner, which was in most instances as high as or greater than that induced by natural antibodies from immune African adults. In vivo transfer of the volunteers' sera into P. falciparum–infected humanized SCID mice profoundly reduced or abrogated parasitaemia. These inhibitory effects were related to the antibody reactivity with the parasite native protein, which was seen in 60% of the volunteers, and remained in samples taken 12 mo postimmunisation. Conclusion This is the first malaria vaccine clinical trial to clearly demonstrate antiparasitic activity by vaccine-induced antibodies by both in vitro and in vivo methods. The results, showing the induction of long-lasting antibodies directed to a fully conserved polypeptide, also challenge current concepts about malaria vaccines, such as unavoidable polymorphism, low antigenicity, and poor induction of immune memory.
CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE AND CLINICAL RISK FACTORS FAIL TO PREDICT THE BURDEN OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC DIABETIC PATIENTS: THE FACTOR 64 STUDY
Authors: Khurram S. Zakaria, Christopher T. Sibley, Andrea L. Vavere, David A. Bluemke, Rukhsar Ahmed, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Joao AC Lima, Donald L. Lappe, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Joseph B. Muhlestein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
VAB-6 Combination Chemotherapy in Disseminated Cancer of the Testis
Authors: DAVOR VUGRIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Twenty-nine men with stage III or unresectable stage II malignant germ cell tumors and no previous chemotherapy received treatments with the VAB-6 protocol. The VAB-6 regimen is a 1-year program beginning with three successive inductions at 3-to-4-week intervals: day 1—cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2 of body surface area intravenously, bleomycin, 30 mg intravenously, dactinomycin, 1 mg/m2 intravenously, and vinblastine, 4 mg/m2 intravenously; days 1 through 3—bleomycin, 20 mg/m2 · d by continuous infusion; and day 4—cisplatin, 120 mg/m2 intravenously. Bleomycin is omitted from the third induction. One month after the third induction, any residual disease is resected. If the resected specimen contains malignant tissue, an additional two inductions are given before maintenance with vinblastine, 6 mg/m2 intravenously, and dactinomycin, 1 mg/m2 intravenously, every 3 weeks. Of 25 patients with evaluable records, 23 achieved complete remission, and 21 remain in complete remission (median follow-up, more than 16 months). Myelosuppression is the major toxicity. With VAB-6 response rate is high, and treatment is short and better tolerated than with previous VAB protocols.
Expression of secreted frizzled related proteins 3 and 4 in human ventricular myocardium correlates with apoptosis related gene expression
Authors: H Schumann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Overload-induced heart failure is associated with myocyte apoptosis induced by unknown mechanisms. Wnt genes encode secreted signaling molecules that bind to frizzled receptors and stabilize cytosolic beta-catenin which is translocated into the nucleus, acts as transcriptional activator and imparts an apoptosis resistant phenotype. This signaling pathway is antagonized by secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) which modulate apoptosis susceptibility in cell culture models. On the basis of these considerations, the present investigation compares myocardial mRNA expression of sFRPs and the level of soluble beta-catenin in tissue samples from nonfailing and failing hearts.Nonischemic transmural samples from human failing left ventricles and from nonfailing donor ventricles were used in the present study. The mRNA concentration of the Wnt-antagonists sFRP 1-4 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The myocardial localization of sFRP 3 and 4 expression was investigated using in situ RT-PCR. The pool of soluble beta-catenin was quantified by Western blot analysis of protein extracts.The mRNA levels of proapoptotic sFRPs 3 and 4 but not of sFRP 1 and 2 were elevated in failing ventricles compared to donor hearts. There was no significant difference between patients suffering from a dilated cardiomyopathy or a coronary heart disease. sFRPs 3 and 4 were expressed in cardiomyocytes and their expression correlated with the mRNA expression of the proapoptotic Fas/Fas-antagonist ratio, but inversely with the mRNA levels of the antiapoptotic bcl-xL. The size of the pool of 0.1% Triton soluble beta-catenin tended to decrease in myocardial samples with high sFRP 3 and 4 expression levels.The results support the hypothesis that in failing human myocardium the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is attenuated by enhanced expression of two endogenous Wnt-antagonists. This might contribute to an apoptosis susceptible phenotype of overloaded human myocardium.
Declining cardiovascular mortality.
Authors: W B Kannel, T J Thom
Journal: Circulation (1984)

IN THE 20 years prior to 1983 the overall death rate for the cardiovascular diseases declined an impressive 36% nationwide.The rate per year.declined in 18 of these years, declining 1.5% per year between 1963 and 1973 and 3.3% per year since then.Because this group of iiseases accounts for one-half of all deaths, a death rate that is 36% lower in 1982 than in 1963 translates into about 500,000 fewer deaths in 1982 than would have been projected based on rates in 1963.This im- provement in cardiovascular mortality is the main rea- son that total mortality has declined 26% since 1963 and that average life expectancy at age 35 increased 2.6 years during the 10 years from 1972 to 1982, a greater increase than during any decade since vital statistics were first published in 1900.Of even greater significance is the remarkable rever- sal in the death rate trend for the major cardiovascular subgrouip, coronary heart disease.From an epidemic rise in the rate until the mid-1960s, the trend turned downwards and declined 37% between 1963 and 1982 (figure 1).There has also been marked acceleration in the downward trend since 1972 for stroke and all cardiovascular diseases.It is still essentially unknown, however, whether these declines in mortality are occurring more in hospitalized or in nonhospitalized segments of the popula- tion, i.e., whether declines are occurring in the inci- dence of new cases or whether there has been a change in the prognosis, severity, case-fatality, and survivor- ship after development of cardiovascular disease.These major gaps in knowledge stand in the way of determrining causes of the decline in cardiovascular mortality.Even if such information can be obtained, determining causation would still be difficult if the
ADMISSION HYPERGLYCEMIA IMPROVES THE GRACE RISK SCORE FOR PREDICTION OF IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY: INSIGHTS FROM THE EURO HEART SURVEY ACS III
Authors: Francois Schiele, Hector Bueno, Matthias Hochadel, Marco Tubaro, Nicolas Meneveau, Wojciech Wojakowski, Marek Gierlotka, Jean-Pierre Bassand, Keith Fox, Anselm Gitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pediatric psychopharmacology: too much or too little?
Authors: Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

This paper provides a selective overview of the past, present and future of pediatric psychopharmacology. The acceptance of medication use in child psychiatry was based on the results of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials documenting the efficacy of drug treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, enuresis, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychoses. This period of success was followed by a series of challenges, including a growing awareness of the long-term adverse effects of medications and of the inadequacy of long-term drug surveillance. There is great concern today that children are being overtreated with medication, especially in the US. Further advances in pediatric psychopharmacology may come from examination of large medical data sets including both pharmacological and psychiatric information, which could lead to drug repurposing, as well as from preclinical translational studies such as those using human induced pluripotent stem cells.
The Effect of the Medicare Prospective Payment System on the Adoption of New Technology
Authors: Nancy M. Kane, Paul D. Manoukian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract Since the advent of Medicare's prospective payment system, beneficial but cost-increasing medical advances have been systematically assigned to existing diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) that do not cover the costs of the new technology. Recent evidence suggests that such underpayment reduces the rate at which hospitals adopt that technology. Safeguards designed to offset the negative incentives of underpayment, including the recalibration of DRG values, update factors, and the allowance of Medicare profits, appear not to have worked. We studied the case of cochlear implantation. Years after Food and Drug Administration approval and a favorable decision about Medicare coverage, payment for the device remains well below its average cost, and many hospitals ration the availability of the device to Medicare patients because of the financial losses involved. Eventually, so few patients received the implant that the original manufacturer discontinued its production. Under the DRG system, negative payment incentives compete with clinical considerations when hospitals and physicians decide whether to adopt specific cost-increasing new forms of technology of proved value. Other payment mechanisms that do not insert arbitrary financial considerations into specific treatment decisions should be considered instead. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1378–83.)
Experiment: Conversations in Art and Science
Authors: J. Quin
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Eds Bergit Arends, Davina Thackara The Wellcome Trust, £16.99, pp 360 ISBN 1 84129 043 2 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The receptive dysphasia that often afflicts discussions between artists and scientists has long been the subject of much anxious hand wringing and is a regular worry of BBC Radio 4's Start the Week , for instance. The various worthy projects in this new book from the Wellcome Trust are all attempts to alleviate such mutual incomprehension. The editors admit to the difficulty of finding “an appropriate aesthetic and linguistic form in which to present the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Gastrointestinal Pan-Endoscopy: Esophagoscopy, Gastroscopy, Bulbar and Postbulbar Duedenoscopy, Procto-Sigmoidoscopy, Colonoscopy and Peritoneoscopy
Authors: Bertram Fleshler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Presently available fiberoptic instruments are flexible, versatile, relatively safe, can be introduced with comparative ease into various parts of the gut, and are being sold, to both trained and untrained endoscopists, to a degree far beyond the wildest dreams of manufacturers in years gone by. The "endoscopic revolution" is the subject of<i>Gastrointestinal Pan-Endoscopy</i>, a book written by skilled endoscopists about an important and timely subject. The topics considered cover the gamut of endoscopy. They include the history of gastrointestinal endoscopy; the merits and demerits of various instruments; "how to do it" chapters concerning instrument selection, preparation of the patient, passage of the instrument, and orientation; recommendations concerning indications and contraindications; sections about each of the "endos" (esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and others), and discussions of gastrointestinal disease from an endoscopic point of view. The illustrations are helpful and the endoscopic photographs are of good quality. The book's value is somewhat
The Wonder of Being Human: Our Brain and Our Mind
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is dedicated to understanding the human person, namely, one's self. Whatever experience we have had we can marshal to the deeper understanding of being human, rather than "retreating to the fatal comforts of know-nothingism"(p xi). The authors expatiate on humanistic and scientific studies that have seemed to depreciate the value of being human as they have "trickled down" to the laity. They discuss some of these studies not only to obviate the scorn of humanity but actually to further an appreciation of science as surely one of the most dependable guides in the human adventure. Few are the epistemic approaches unmentioned in their attempt to stay the steady attrition of life's "meaning," a process rather amusingly subsumed long ago by Henry Adams with his pithy observation that the succession of Presidents from Washington to Grant was almost enough in itself to upset the whole Darwinian theory. Naturally, Eccles
1085 REGENERATION IS SUPPRESSED IN ISCHEMICALLY INJURED LIVER AFTER 70% HEPATECTOMY THROUGH DECREASED ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB
Authors: S. Kuboki, A.B. Lentsch, F. Kimura, H. Shimizu, H. Yoshidome, M. Ohtsuka, A. Kato, H. Yoshitomi, K. Furukawa, D. Takeuchi, T. Takayashiki, K. Suda, M. Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Easy Rider — Hard Facts
Authors: Pearl K. Russo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Scores of motorcyclists drove their motorcycles to the steps of the Massachusetts State House during the 1976–1977 legislative session to demand repeal of the Massachusetts helmet law. By confronting the lawmakers, concerned health professionals and the public with an important ethical question, one of individual freedom, even if that means self-injury, versus government regulation, they attempted to deflect attention from the main cause of concern — the mounting mortality and morbidity associated with motorcycle crashes.A review of the statistics reveals the extent of the problem. In the past 10 years, the increased number of motorcycles on the highways of . . .
Points from Letters: Accident and Emergency Services
Authors: C. W. Brook
Journal: BMJ (1971)

585 leads to considerable loss of efficiency and difficulties both in administration and medical care.It is one of the best health services that I have seen abroad, but does not come near to matching our own service.It is quite true that IsraAi medical students are not educated in general practice, but I cannot agree with Dr. Smith that this is "through no fault of the authors of the book."Dr. K. J. Mann is the D`rector-General of thv Hadassah (not Hadassar) University Hospital and could un- doubtedly have influenced the Medical School to permit students to attend the communal health centre.Perhaps the reason why the medical school authorities were unwilling to do so is because it is a well-known fact in Israel that the standard of medicine in health centres is very poor compared with the hospitals, largely owing to the obstinate refusal of the politicians to allow the various health insurance schemes to be nationalized.I do not believe that socialized medicine can work without nationalization.-Iam, etc.,
A prospective safety‐monitoring study of immunotherapy with biologically standardized extracts
Authors: A. I. Tabar, B. E. García, A. Rodríguez, J. M. Olaguibel, M. D. Muro, S. Quirce
Journal: Allergy (1993)

We evaluated the safety of immunotherapy in 419 patients who attended our allergy department for treatment. They were suffering from rhinitis and asthma caused by sensitization to grass pollen or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus . Immunotherapy was given by biologically standardized aluminum hydroxide adsorbed extracts according to a conventional schedule. Local reactions were recorded in 10.5% of the patients and systemic reactions in 4.8%. Only 0.37% of the doses administered were associated with systemic side‐effects. We found that 84% of the patients who showed systemic reactions were asthmatic subjects ( P &lt;0.01), and most of them were sensitized to D. pteronyssinus (71%). Side‐effects occurred more frequently during the dose‐increase period ( P &lt;0.05). After 9482 doses had been administered, no anaphylactic shock or life‐threatening reactions were registered. We believe the risk associated with immunotherapy to be drastically reduced when treatment is carefully monitored by skilled personnel. In such conditions, as shown by our study, immunotherapy is safe.
Urticaria and Sinusitis-Reply
Authors: Leslie Bernard Branch
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Referring to the letter by Dr Altman, in the 64 patients with chronic urticaria who had sinus x-ray examinations, there were abnormal radiological findings interpreted as sinusitis in 11 cases; three suggested chronic and eight acute involvement. The three cases interpreted as having chronic sinusitis all had substantial bilateral mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinuses, and one, in addition, had involvement of the ethmoid sinuses. The eight patients thought to have radiological evidence of acute sinusitis all had air-fluid levels in the maxillary sinuses. In one patient, the findings were bilateral; in seven, unilateral. We certainly agree that the literature cited by Dr Ravenel indicates that unsuspected abnormal radiological findings of the sinuses are encountered in asymptomatic young children. However, these studies have limited relevance to our article. Our study was intended to show a costbenefit effectiveness of a number of laboratory tests employed in the evaluation of
Human primary myoblast cell cultures from non-diabetic insulin resistant subjects retain defects in insulin action.
Authors: D B Thompson, R Pratley, V Ossowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Insulin resistance is a predictor of the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in humans. It is unclear whether insulin resistance is a primary defect leading to NIDDM or the result of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. To determine if insulin resistance is the result of extrinsic factors such as hyperinsulinemia primary skeletal muscle cell cultures were established from muscle biopsies from Pima Indians with differing in vivo insulin sensitivities. These cell cultures expressed a variety of muscle-specific phenotypes including the proteins alpha-actinin and myosin, muscle-specific creatine kinase activity, and RNA encoding GLUT4, MYF5, MYOD1, and MYOGENIN. Labeled glucose was used to measure the insulin-stimulated conversion of glucose to glycogen in these cultures. The in vivo rates of insulin-stimulated glycogen production (insulin resistance) were correlated with in vitro measures of glycogen production (P = 0.007, r = 0.58). This defect in insulin action is stable in a uniform culture environment and is retained over time. The retention of insulin resistance in myoblast derived cell cultures is consistent with the expression of an underlying biochemical defect in insulin resistant skeletal muscle.
Stem Cell Lines
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Screening Newborns for Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: David W. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent CONSENSUS CONFERENCE report on newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies<sup>1</sup>skipped one potential screening strategy, namely, prenatal maternal hemoglobin electrophoresis. If the mother has hemoglobin AA, there is no way the newborn could inherit any serious hemoglobinopathy. Newborn screening of such pregnancies, therefore, will only provide information for genetic counseling of the following generation. The chances that this information will survive intact to be passed on to a teenager 15 years later are not overwhelming. Maternal blood is obtained more easily than neonatal blood, and when a prenatal maternal hemoglobin level is normal, there does not currently seem to be much reason to subject the baby to a repeated determination. Moreover, in most cases, this will mean only a single test per mother, regardless of the total number of pregnancies, yielding a significant cost savings in the long run.