tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biological evolution of cognition and culture: Off Arbib's mirror-neuron system stage?
Authors: Horacio Fabrega, Jr.
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Arbib offers a comprehensive, elegant formulation of brain/language evolution; with significant implications for social as well as biological sciences. Important psychological antecedents and later correlates are presupposed; their conceptual enrichment through protosign and protospeech is abbreviated in favor of practical communication. What culture “is” and whether protosign and protospeech involve a protoculture are not considered. Arbib also avoids dealing with the question of evolution of mind, consciousness, and self.
Rate Acceleration and Long-branch Attraction in a Conserved Gene of Cryptic Daphniid (Crustacea) Species
Authors: Angela R. Omilian, Derek J. Taylor
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene is a rich source of phylogenetic characters because of its large size, mosaic of slowly and rapidly evolving regions, and complex secondary structure variation. Nevertheless, many studies have indicated that inconsistency, bias, and gene-specific error (e.g., within-individual gene family variation, cryptic sequence simplicity, and sequence coevolution) can complicate animal phylogenies based on LSU rDNA sequences. However, most of these studies sampled small gene fragments from expansion segments—among animals only five nonchordate complete LSU sequences are published. In this study, we sequenced near-complete nuclear LSU genes from 11 representative daphniids (Crustacea). The daphniid expansion segment V6 was larger and showed more length variation (90–351 bp) than is found in all other reported LSU V6 sequences. Daphniid LSU (without the V6 region) phylogenies generally agreed with the existing phylogenies based on morphology and mtDNA sequences. Nevertheless, a major disagreement between the LSU and the expected trees involved a positively misleading association between the two taxa with the longest branches, Daphnia laevis and D. occidentalis. Both maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) optimality criteria recovered this association, but parametric simulations indicated that MP was markedly more sensitive to this bias than ML. Examination of data partitions indicated that the inconsistency was caused by increased nucleotide substitution rates in the branches leading to D. laevis and D. occidentalis rather than among-taxon differences in base composition or distribution of sites that are free to vary. These results suggest that lineage-specific rate acceleration can lead to long-branch attraction even in the conserved genes of animal species that are almost morphologically indistinguishable.
DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS
Authors: W. M. JAMES
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Intestinal amebiasis due to various degrees of ulceration of the large bowel and rectum following infection with<i>Endameba histolytica</i>is a very common ailment throughout those parts of the Caribbean littoral where the United Fruit Company maintains hospitals. A survey of the reports of the medical department of the company for the last ten years shows that the acute phase of this infection, amebic dysentery, is prevalent and very generally distributed; and where this is true there is inevitably a large proportion of infection, which, even though dysentery is not active, produces all manner of symptoms referable to the gastro-intestinal tract, and at times abscess of the liver and even more serious complications. Following a small, and local outbreak of amebic dysentery in 1925, in Santa Marta, Colombia, confined mostly to American employees, a survey was made by Kofoid, Swezy, Boyers and James<sup>1</sup>which uncovered approximately 60 per cent
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOPHAGE OF D'HERELLE
Authors: J. Bronfenbrenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

When filtrates of lysed cultures (bacteriophage) are subjected to prolonged dialysis under osmotic pressure against water, the presence of the lytic agent can be detected outside the membrane only during the first few days. The residue remaining inside the membrane contains the bulk of the original lytic agent, and yet it is no longer capable of diffusing into the outer solution. The interruption of diffusion is shown not to be due to any alteration in the permeability of the membrane. Moreover, the residue fails to diffuse through a fresh membrane of similar permeability, while the dialyzed portion of the phage passes quantitatively through a new membrane. When ultrafiltration under pressure was substituted for dialysis, the residue on the filter could be washed repeatedly with water without giving off into the filtrate any more active agent. However, if broth was substituted for water, a renewed diffusion of the active agent resulted. These results are interpreted as indicating that the colloidal particles present in the lytic filtrates (and apparently endowed with properties of bacteriophage) do not represent autonomous units of the active agent, but merely serve as a vehicle on which the agent is adsorbed. The vary in size within limits wide enough to permit fractionation by means of ultrafiltration. When the coarser particles retained by the ultrafilter are washed with broth, some of the active agent is detached from its coarse vehicle particles. The agent, now more highly dispersed, is capable of passing the filter which held it back previously. Preparation of a simple ultrafilter used in these experiments is given in detail.
Protein polymer nanoparticles engineered as chaperones protect against apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Wan Wang, Parameswaran G. Sreekumar, Vinod Valluripalli, Pu Shi, Jiawei Wang, Yi-An Lin, Honggang Cui, Ram Kannan, David R. Hinton, J. Andrew MacKay
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Corporate Strategies for Computerization
Authors: Edward C. Wu, Nirav Shah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters5 September 2006Corporate Strategies for ComputerizationEdward C. Wu, MD, MBA and Nirav Shah, MD, MPHEdward C. Wu, MD, MBAFrom New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010.Search for more papers by this author and Nirav Shah, MD, MPHFrom New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: McDonald's critique of computerization (1) highlights advice that all physicians would do well to heed. The ease of bar coding can allow us to become automatons, shedding our critical thinking in the process. Although McDonald touched on technological alternatives and systematic changes that would improve such innovations as bar coding, we suggest some additional lessons that medicine can learn from the corporate world.Corporate principles can enhance patient safety while maintaining a culture of efficiency and effectiveness. The emergence of Six Sigma principles (2) and quality management departments as applied to medicine is promising. Kiosks have been ...References1. McDonald CJ. Computerization can create safety hazards: a bar-coding near miss. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:510-6. [PMID: 16585665] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hagland M. Six sigma: it's real, it's datadriven, and it's here. Health Care Strateg Manage. 2005;23:13-6. [PMID: 16445106] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Porter SC, Cai Z, Gribbons W, Goldmann DA, Kohane IS. The asthma kiosk: a patient-centered technology for collaborative decision support in the emergency department. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2004;11:458-67. [PMID: 15298999] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Melton GB, Hripcsak G. Automated detection of adverse events using natural language processing of discharge summaries. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2005;12:448-57. [PMID: 15802475] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward C. Wu, MD, MBA; Nirav Shah, MD, MPHAffiliations: From New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComputerization Can Create Safety Hazards: A Bar-Coding Near Miss Clement J. McDonald Corporate Strategies for Computerization Clement J. McDonald Metrics 5 September 2006Volume 145, Issue 5Page: 395KeywordsAdverse eventsAlgorithmsBloodComputersConflicts of interestElectronic medical recordsNatural language processingPatientsSafety ePublished: 5 September 2006 Issue Published: 5 September 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention and Reversal of Nitrate Tolerance in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer, Wai Hung Lee, Paul D. Kessler, Stephen S. Gottlieb, Norma Medina, Madeline Yushak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To evaluate possible mechanisms underlying the development of nitrate tolerance, we treated 35 patients who had severe chronic heart failure with a prolonged (48-hour) intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin (6.4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per minute) given either continuously or intermittently (12-hour infusions separated by intervals of 12 hours). Intravenous nitroglycerin produced immediate hemodynamic benefits in all patients, but the magnitude of this improvement was greatly diminished after 48 hours of continuous therapy with the drug. This attenuation was accompanied by cross-tolerance to oral isosorbide dinitrate and by an increase in heart rate, plasma renin activity, and body weight. In contrast, intermittent therapy with intravenous nitroglycerin was not associated with a loss of hemodynamic efficacy or cross-tolerance to oral nitrates and was not accompanied by changes in neurohormonal activity or body weight. In eight patients in whom nitrate tolerance developed during continuous intravenous therapy, the administration of the sulfhydryl-containing compound N-acetylcysteine (200 mg per kilogram orally) restored the hemodynamic state toward that observed at the start of the infusion of nitroglycerin (partial reversal of tolerance). In contrast, N-acetylcysteine had little hemodynamic effect in patients who were not receiving nitroglycerin. These data support the hypothesis that neurohormonal activation and depletion of sulfhydryl groups may interact to cause the loss of hemodynamic efficacy that occurs during prolonged treatment with intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with heart failure. Evaluation of the suggested role of sulfhydryl depletion in the development of tolerance will, however, require direct studies of vascular tissue.
Book: Freaks, Geeks &amp; Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Luke Jackson Jessica Kingsley, £12.95/$17.95, pp 224 ISBN 1 84310 098 3 ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Imagine feeling like an alien. Someone speaks to you, but you can't listen, unless you avoid eye contact. If you look at them, you can't “read” their face. You can't control your own, so you look bored when you're interested. You speak and want to tell them all about computers. They switch off, because they want to discuss varied topics. They find your voice monotonous. You don't realise that you're boring them, unless they tell you. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Preparing for a foreign fellow
Authors: P L Towers
Journal: BMJ (1992)

cardinal symptoms of a pharyngeal pouch also include spontaneous regurgitation, weight loss, and dysphagia.2Barium swallow is the principal means of diagnosing both oesophageal achalasia3 and pharyngeal pouch.Moreover, there is a very real risk of a traumatic oesophageal perforation as a result of entering an unknown pouch, even with a flexible endoscope.Barium swallow is a simple, non-traumatic, cheap, and safe outpatient in- vestigation suitable for most patients with suspected oesophageal pathology, and traumatic oesophageal perforation due to endoscopy in the absence of a barium swallow would be difficult to defend.
Radiofrequency ablation of high-grade dysplastic nodules
Authors: Yun Ku Cho, Jin Wook Chung, Yoonjung Kim, Hyun Je Cho, Soo Hyun Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract High-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs) are known to be premalignant lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We devised a model to estimate the long-term survival benefit of treating HGDNs by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (Group I), as compared with regular follow-up and timely treatment by resection (Group II). A hypothetical 60-year-old compensated patient with cirrhosis was assumed. The system being modeled was assumed to be a simple Markov process, and state transition probabilities were given as parameters. Data used for simulation were obtained by a systematic review of the literature. The reported overall malignant transformation rates of HGDNs ranged from 12.5% to 80.8%, and were assumed to be 20%, 50%, and 80% using the best, moderate, and worst scenarios for Group II, respectively. The 5-year overall survival benefit of Group I compared with Group II was calculated by summing the detrimental effect of overtreatment and the beneficial effects of avoiding operative mortality. When the overall malignant transformation rate was set at 20%, 50%, or 80% the expected additional 5-year overall survival benefits of Group I compared with Group II were −0.05%, 0.20%, and 0.47%, respectively, and the corresponding additional 10-year overall survival benefits were 0.03%, 0.33%, and 0.55%, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that Group I was preferable to Group II in terms of 5-year overall survival when the 5-year overall malignant transformation rate was greater than 25.9%. Conclusion: No definite evidence indicates that the treatment of HGDNs by RFA provides additional long-term overall survival benefit as compared with regular follow-up and timely treatment. The findings of the present study concur with the present American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines. (Hepatology 2011 )
Hunger: The Biology and Politics of Starvation
Authors: Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatric Diagnoses in Hospitalized Patients with Neurocirculatory Asthenia
Authors: George M. Perrin, Mark D. Altschule
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE group of symptoms variously known as effort syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia, Da Costa's syndrome, soldier's heart and so forth, has occasioned considerable comment in the literature. The two features on which most authors agree are decreased exercise tolerance and dyspnea on exertion; other frequent though not universal complaints include palpitation, precordial pain, breathlessness at rest and a host of symptoms such as sighing, syncope, dizziness, anorexia and nervousness. A high familial incidence has been noted.1,2Fundamentally there are three divergent theories concerning this syndrome: that it is based on specific physiologic deficits (a view held chiefly by European investigators)3; . . .
P.D.W.—The Gentle Titan Paul Dudley White, June 6, 1886—Oct 31, 1973
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Physician to kings and peasants, presidents and dictators, scientists and laborers; healer and teacher of people and nations, Paul White died of a stroke eight days before he was to receive the American Heart Association's Herrick Award. A Yankee whose forebears stood at Bunker Hill, he witnessed the entire development of modern cardiology, the specialty he helped to establish. Intuitively and scientifically he was always on the right track, whether pursuing some new method of investigation, espousing rational measures for preventing illness, founding lay and scientific organizations to combat heart disease, or breaching international barriers to help and learn from foreign colleagues. After training with Sir Thomas Lewis, Dr. White brought the first electrocardiograph to the United States, complete with saline bath electrodes and a balky timer that he repaired with the coil from a model T Ford. Subsequently, he developed the cardiology service of the Massachusetts General Hospital, wrote
<i>TREM2</i>Variant p.R47H as a Risk Factor for Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Janet Cady, Erica D. Koval, Bruno A. Benitez, Craig Zaidman, Jennifer Jockel-Balsarotti, Peggy Allred, Robert H. Baloh, John Ravits, Ericka Simpson, Stanley H. Appel, Alan Pestronk, Alison M. Goate, Timothy M. Miller, Carlos Cruchaga, Matthew B. Harms
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which microglia play a significant and active role. Recently, a rare missense variant (p.R47H) in the microglial activating gene TREM2 was found to increase the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease. Whether the p.R47H variant is a risk factor for ALS is not known.To determine whether p.R47H (rs75932628) in TREM2 is a risk factor for ALS and assess whether TREM2 expression is dysregulated in disease.Samples of DNA from 923 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1854 healthy control individuals self-reported as non-Hispanic white were collected from ALS clinics in the United States and genotyped for the p.R47H variant in TREM2. Clinical data were obtained on ALS participants for genotype/phenotype correlations. Expression of TREM2 was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared in spinal cord samples from 18 autopsied patients with ALS and 12 neurologically healthy controls, as well as from wild-type and transgenic SOD1G93A mice.Minor allele frequency of rs75932628 and relative expression of TREM2.The TREM2 variant p.R47H was more common in patients with ALS than in the controls and is therefore a significant risk factor for ALS (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.29-4.15; P = 4.1×10-3). Furthermore, TREM2 expression was increased in spinal cord samples from ALS patients and SOD1G93A mice (P = 2.8×10-4 and P = 2.8×10-9, respectively), confirming dysregulated TREM2 in disease. Expression of TREM2 in the human spinal cord was negatively correlated with survival (P = .04) but not with other phenotypic aspects of disease.This study demonstrates that the TREM2 p.R47H variant is a potent risk factor for sporadic ALS. To our knowledge, these findings identify the first genetic influence on neuroinflammation in ALS and highlight the TREM2 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
ABNORMAL PAPILLARY MUSCLE MECHANICS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTOLIC ANTERIOR MOTION AND OBSTRUCTIVE HEMODYNAMICS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Min Zheng, Iraklis Pozios, Lars Sorensen, Hongchang Luo, HsinYueh Liang, Aurelio Pinheiro, Lea Dimaano, Roselle Abraham, Theodore Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Primary Syphilis in an Eighty-One-Year-Old Man
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara, Herbert White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE resurgence of primary and secondary syphilis nationally as well as in Massachusetts1 2 3 has rekindled many a physician's interest in this fascinating disease whose infinite variety age cannot wither nor custom stale.The case reported below illustrates two important points. The first is that any genital lesion should be suspected of being syphilis until proved otherwise; the second is that syphilis is no respecter of age.Case ReportAn 81-year-old Negro was referred to the Skin Clinic on May 26 because of a penile lesion of less than 1 week's duration. The impression of the referring service was that he . . .
Ovarian Cancer Tests
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exercise-induced bronchospasm at low temperature in elite runners.
Authors: I J Helenius, H O Tikkanen, T Haahtela
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Healthy elite runners often report bronchial symptoms when training in subzero temperatures. The occurrence and causes of exercise-induced bronchospasm after heavy exercise in cold air were investigated in elite runners. METHODS: Thirty two non-asthmatic runners, mostly from Finnish national teams, volunteered to take part in the study. They answered a questionnaire and were subjected at subzero temperature to a heavy exercise challenge test combined with lung function testing. RESULTS: Sixteen of the runners were atopic on skin prick tests. The mean (SD) maximal change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after the exercise challenge was -4.8 (7.1)% in the atopic runners, and +2.1 (3.4)% in the non-atopic runners. When the mean maximal change in FEV1 minus 2SD (-4.7%) of the exercise response of the non-atopic runners was taken as the lower limit of a "normal" result, eight of the atopic runners responded abnormally. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy exercise at temperatures below zero causes bronchospasm in a high proportion of elite runners with atopy. Although the changes in lung function are mostly small, they may affect the maximal performance of atopic runners. Non-atopic runners are not affected.