tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nasal inflammation and bronchial reactivity to methacholine in atopic children with respiratory symptoms
Authors: R. Sale, M. Silvestri, E. Battistini, A.‐C. Defilippi, F. Sabatini, S. Pecora, G. A. Rossi
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: In atopic subjects, dysfunctions of the upper and lower airways frequently coexist and allergic rhinitis seems to constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of asthma in predisposed individuals. Aim of the study: To evaluate whether in atopic subjects nasal inflammation could reflect changes in respiratory functions, 11 allergic children, sensitized to house dust mites (HDM), with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma and 10 nonatopic controls (ctrs) were studied. Methods: All subjects underwent nasal brushing to detect percentages of nasal eosinophils (Eos %) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression by nasal epithelial cells. In the same day pulmonary function tests, i.e. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced expiratory flows at 25–75% of the vital capacity (FEF 25−75% ) and methacholine (MCh) bronchial inhalation challenge were also evaluated. Results: Pulmonary function parameters were not significantly different in allergic children and in ctrs ( P &gt; 0.05), while a significant increase in bronchial reactivity to MCh, expressed as Pd 20 MCh, was detected in the former population ( P &lt; 0.05). As compared with ctrs, allergic children showed elevated Eos % and ICAM‐1 expression ( P &lt; 0.05). When nasal inflammation and pulmonary function parameters were compared, a significant correlation was found between nasal Eos % and bronchial reactivity to MCh ( P = 0.002). Conclusions: These data support the concept of significant links between upper and lower respiratory tract involvement in atopic children sensitized to HDM.
Treatment of Open Fractures
Authors: W. Gissane
Journal: BMJ (1939)

The principles governing the treatment of open fractures hold good whether the fractures are caused by trauma common in civilian life or by the high-explosive missiles of modern warfare.Certainly war adds many more diffi- culties to the surgical problems presented by such frac- tures, as witness the extent of the problem, the severity of the injuries, the delay in bringing in the wounded adding exposure, dehydration, and loss of blood to accentuate the shock of a painful injury-difficulties of transport and hospital facilities, and finally the especial prevalence of infection, particularly of tetanus and anaerobic infection.That the problem is immense only places it in line with the other problems this country is now facing.Organization The first essential to proper treatment is to place an effective organization to deal with each stage and to co- ordinate the entire period of treatment.The great increase of road accidents in recent years presented a similar problem for solution.The British Medical Association report of 1936 and the findings of the Interdepartmental Committee on Fractures formulated four guiding principles necessary for treatment.They were: (1) segrega- tion; (2) unity of control; (3) careful after-care ; (4) rehabilitation centres.The creation of a similar organization now both for civilian patients under the Emergency Medical Service and for the war-wounded would seem ihe first essential.There is nothing new in the problem, and it was solved successfully during the Great War.Robert Jones realized the need, and was able to produce an organization which dealt satisfactorily with the great numbers of severe fractures which came back from France to this country.He insisted on segregation, and, backed by the Advisory Council, he overcame all opposition and formed the orthopaedic centres, where, for the first time, segregation, unity of control, after-care, and rehabilitation were practised.With an organization which controlled in the end some 36,000 beds the fracture problem was solved.All that is needed is to recapture this organiza- tion, re-form these centres, and concentrate the patients and the skilled personnel.It is easily possible.It needs only the good will and foresight of those who control the Medical Services of the Fighting Forces and the Civil Medical Service to give us again what we had in 1918.It is interesting to recall Robert Jones's (1925) own words:'The Great War afforded the most convincing proof of the mishandling of complicated, and even of simple, fractUres.
Unicef aims to eliminate tetanus in mothers and babies by 2012
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The global children’s agency Unicef has launched a new vaccination drive to try to eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus by 2012. “It’s possible to do it,” Francois Gasse, Unicef’s senior health specialist, told reporters.

In 2004 the disease killed an estimated 128 250 babies and up to 30 000 mothers, almost all in 47 poor countries in Africa and Asia.

Dr Gasse said that these figures represented a sharp reduction from the 800 000 deaths of babies and 60 000 to 90 000 of mothers each year in the mid-1980s.

He pointed out that in the past decade 11 …
Influence of sleep on respiratory function in emphysema.
Authors: R D Ballard, C W Clover, B Y Suh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To assess the influence of sleep on respiratory function, five patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with laboratory evidence of emphysema were monitored during sleep in a horizontal body plethysmograph. Neither lung volume nor lower airway resistance (Rla) changed in association with sleep. Upper airway resistance (Rua) increased during sleep and was highest during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Rua = 5.9 +/- 1.1, 9.6 +/- 2.1, 11.2 +/- 1.5, and 15.6 +/- 4.1 cm H2O/L/s during wakefulness, Stages 2, 3-4, and REM, respectively, p < 0.05). Tidal volume (VT) decreased during sleep, resulting in a sleep-associated decrement in minute ventilation (VI = 8.69 +/- 0.46, 7.64 +/- 0.65, 7.08 +/- 0.70, and 5.62 +/- 0.47 L during wakefulness, Stages 2, 3-4, and REM, respectively, p < 0.05). Respiratory neuromuscular output was also reduced during sleep (esophageal occlusion pressure [P0.1] = 2.69 +/- 0.39, 2.02 +/- 0.27, 1.90 +/- 0.27, and 1.63 +/- 0.25 cm H2O during wakefulness, Stages 2, 3-4, and REM, respectively, p = 0.005). We conclude that in patients with emphysema (1) sleep does not alter lung volume or increase lower airway resistance, (2) sleep is associated with a decrease in VT and VI, and (3) sleep is associated with an increase in Rua and a reduction in P0.1 that may contribute to the sleep-associated decrease in VI.
Getting Bugs Out of Military Operations Is Job of Environmental Health Specialty Team
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHEN THE US MARINES were sent into Lebanon in 1958, more than 55% of that force became ill from contaminated food or water, or from insect-borne diseases. But when they again were sent to Lebanon in 1982, the troops had only a 2% morbidity from these environmentally associated illnesses during the 21 months they served there. Playing a major role in reducing the illness rate when the Marines returned was a group of experts, including an environmental health officer, an entomologist, and several preventive medicine technicians combined into what is called a "Mobile Medical Augmentation Readiness Team." The US Navy has 10 such teams. "In 1982, in that Marine encampment in Lebanon, we took care of our water, we made sure we had good clean food, we saw to it that refuse was disposed of properly, and we kept the fly population down," says Douglas A. Ehrhardt, PhD, a US
Prevention of Perforation in Submucous Resection of the Nasal Septum
Authors: Richard M. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1910)

given to it by Neumann is Ibis: It is a synonym of D. retícula- tus as interpreted by Neumann, namely, I), retioulatus of Kurope plus specimens examined by »Mar».I'roni Texas and New .Mexico, plus certain other forms.Two possibilities arc present: (1) If reallv identical with D. retioulatus, the name I), rentistas drops into synonymy and cannot he-used for the spotted-fever lick.(2) 'fhe only way of separating the inline from I), reticttlatiis is by finding the original specimens from Texas or New Mexico and showing that they are not identical with /*.retioulatus.In material recently at my disposal, I hud specimens of the Mars collection labeled Dermaoentor venustus from both Texas and New Mexico.These are the specimens on which Neumann published in 1897, and it is the Texas specimen from sheep which I designated as the type, 'fliese specimens nre clearly distinct from the European />.retioulatus, and they represent the form which I have published ¡is D. rennst us.Mr. Hanks was present at a meeting of the Entomological Society.Jan. 10, 1907, when I showed drawings of the European I), retioulatus, and explained the differences between this and the various American forms.He also visited my lab¬ oratory for the specific purpose of »examining Marx' material, and at Unit time the originals of I), venustus, I), oooidentalis and I), ant/ersoni were placed before him.together with draw¬ ings of the stignuil plates.lie later (1908) published "Dermaoentor venustus n. sp.," admitting that it was Marx'
Harvey Medical College.
Authors: Byron Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Ill., Dec. 18, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At a recent meeting of the faculty of the Harvey Medical College the following resolutions were passed unanimously: "That the licensing power to the practice of medicine in the State of Illinois be taken from the State Board of Health and given to a separate board of medical examiners. "That a diploma from a medical school of good standing shall be a necessary qualification for examination. "That the examination shall be in the English language." A committee was appointed to confer with a joint committee of the State medical societies to assist in furthering the passage of the bill. Does this look as if the faculty of the Harvey Medical College desire or intend to run a diploma mill?
A Novel Classification of MUC1 Expression Is Correlated with Tumor Differentiation and Postoperative Prognosis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shinjiro Nagai, Kazumasa Takenaka, Makoto Sonobe, Eiji Ogawa, Hiromi Wada, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Points from Letters: Campbell de Morgan Spots
Authors: R. H. Seville
Journal: BMJ (1970)

stuck.We have become, I am afraid, the Cinderella grade of the profession and a mi- nority group the B.M.A. can well afford to neglect.Support for this view is found in the Twelfth Review Body Report, paragraph 99, which states that the Associa- tion claimed that there should be a differential between the top of the scale of medical assistants and the bottom of the scale of consultants.Fortunately, the Review Body, in its wisdom, rejected this.
Routine Newborn Screening for Histidinemia
Authors: Harvey L. Levy, Vivian E. Shih, Phyllis M. Madigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Routine Chromatographic screening of filter-paper urine specimens identified histidinemia in 20 newborn infants, or 1:20,000 in a screened population of 400,488. This relatively high incid...
Increased forearm vascular reactivity in patients with hypertension after repair of coarctation.
Authors: S S Gidding, A P Rocchini, C Moorehead, M A Schork, A Rosenthal
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine whether altered vascular reactivity could contribute to hypertension after repair of coarctation, the change in forearm and calf vascular resistances to small intra-arterial infusions of norepinephrine were measured in six patients who had undergone surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta but still had upper extremity hypertension and compared with similar measurements made in five normotensive patients with mild heart disease. Only the mean upper extremity pressure was significantly greater in the group that underwent repair of coarctation (102 +/- 11 vs 83 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than .05, for mean arm pressures and 96 +/- 13 vs 83 +/- 7 mm Hg for mean leg pressures in patients who had coarctation vs normotensive patients, respectively). Forearm and calf blood flows were measured in the right arm and leg with a mercury-in-plastic strain-gauge plethysmograph. Forearm and calf vascular resistances were calculated by dividing mean arterial pressure of the appropriate extremity by the blood flow of that extremity. Norepinephrine was infused into the right brachial and femoral arteries of the patients at doses of 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 microgram/min. Resting forearm and calf vascular resistances were similar in both groups of patients. The norepinephrine dose-response curves showed that control patients required more than three times the norepinephrine to produce the same percent increase in forearm vascular resistance (after 0.2 microgram/min forearm vascular resistance increased by 55% in the coarctation group, while the resistance in the control group increased by only 3%, p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hospital building in the NHS. Things that go wrong.
Authors: J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Few advanced nations regularly take a whole decade to complete a 500 bed hospital.PETER STONE'"And still manage to get it wrong," might be the rider added by many doctors.Criticisms of British hospitals are many and bitter.Some cannot be divorced from NHS politics.It is not due to policy alone that large sums of money were spent on teaching hospitals while patients in asylums lived in squalor, nor was it due to policy that elsewhere district general hospitals were postponed as their money went to paper over the cracks in those same asylums.But other criticisms are more specific to many of the new hospitals built since 1948: they took years to build and their costs escalated; their roofs leak, their cladding falls off, they are ugly and grow shabby within years; mistakes in one hospital are repeated in others.Critics point to the perennial problems of storage space, and there are plenty of examples of sheer in- competence: drains going uphill, mortuary floors with no fall for drainage, piped gas systems installed upside down.The critics point to Europe and America, where they see large, well built hospitals run without problems: to the Middle East, where British planners and architects can build good looking hospitals fast; and to the private sector in Britain, where again building is fast and the quality good.
Resolution of Metastatic Calcification by Bone Imaging
Authors: CHARLES M. INTENZO, ANIL G. DESAI, CHAN H. PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A bone image of a hypercalcemic patient demonstrated multiple areas of soft tissue uptake. A follow-up image after medical treatment revealed a decrease in the degree of uptake when the serum calcium level returned to normal. Non-osseous uptake of bone-imaging agents occurs in a wide variety of benign and malignant disorders. The presumed mechanism is elevation of the product of the tissue calcium and phosphate ion concentrations, leading to calcium deposition. This case is of interest in that the reversibility of tracer uptake corresponding to the lower serum calcium level is demonstrated.
Duration of Council Membership
Authors: J. Sugden
Journal: BMJ (1964)

SIR,-I feel bound to make some reply to the letter by Mr. R. de Soldenhoff (15 August, p. 444).What concerns me is whether the profession is represented by those whom it wishes to represent it and not how old they are.If it is then I can see no justi- fication for arbitrarily limiting their terms of office.If it is not we should be directing our efforts towards changing the methods by which these representatives are elected.The argument in favour of letting in younger men usually runs that they now form the majority of the profession, and that as such they are inadequately represented.This is fallacious.If they are truly in the majority they can take over when they choose, and if they are not there is no reason why they should take over until they are.What Mr. Soldenhoff says about the perpetuation of
Stem Cells: Nanoscale Topography and Chemistry Affect Embryonic Stem Cell Self‐Renewal and Early Differentiation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2013)
Authors: Vanessa L. S. LaPointe, Ana Tiago Fernandes, Nia C. Bell, Francesco Stellacci, Molly M. Stevens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

On page 1644, Molly M. Stevens and team show how embryonic stem cells can sense nanoscale topography and chemistry from surfaces composed of 4.5 nm gold monolayer-protected metal nanoparticles with varying shell composition. Early differentiation markers are influenced by both variables, suggesting a synergistic role for topographical features and surface chemistry in influencing stem cell behavior.
Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Adrian M Di Bisceglie
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now recognized to be a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), evidenced by finding both antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA in serum of a substantial proportion of patients with HCC around the world and by the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC in individual patients infected with HCV. There seems to be an incubation period of two to three decades on average in most cases of HCV-related HCC. HCV infection usually results in development of HCC via cirrhosis, although the possibility of direct carcinogenic effects of HCV is still under study. Possible additional risk factors include infection with HCV genotype 1b, alcohol consumption, and co-infection with the hepatitis B virus. Estimates of the development of HCC among patients with cirrhosis of all types range between 1% and 4% per year. Assuming that 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C go on to develop cirrhosis over a 10- year period, between 1.9% and 6.7% of all patients with chronic hepatitis C can be expected to develop HCC over the first two decades of infection. Although tests are available to screen for early HCC, the results of treating these small tumors have been disappointing. Thus, it is imperative that cost-effective means be developed for screening and prevention of HCV-related HCC.
Anti‐D (WinRho SD<sup>™</sup>) treatment of children with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura stimulates transient cytokine/chemokine production
Authors: J.W. Semple, D. Allen, M. Rutherford, M. Woloski, M. David, C. Wakefield, S. Butchart, J. Freedman, V. Blanchette
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Intravenous anti‐D is often used in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP), but little is known about its mechanisms of action. To investigate anti‐D's potential in vivo mechanism(s) of action, a small group ( N = 7) of children with chronic AITP was studied. The children initially received either 25 or 50 μg/kg of WinRho‐SD in a four‐cycle cross‐over trial, and peripheral blood samples from the first and third cycles were assessed for cytokine levels at pre‐treatment, 3 hr, 1 day, and 8 days post‐treatment. Results showed that platelet counts significantly increased in all the children by day 8 post‐treatment. Analysis of serum by ELISA showed that there was a significant but transient rise in both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels (e.g., IL1RA, IL6, GM‐CSF, MCP‐1α, TNF‐α and MCP‐1) by 3 hr post‐treatment in both cycles which returned to baseline levels by 8 days post‐treatment. These results suggest that anti‐D administration may initially activate the RES in the form of cytokine/chemokine secretion, which is subsequently followed by an increase in platelet counts. It is possible that the induced cytokine/chemokine storm may have an effect on several physiological processes such as those mediating either adverse effects or potentially RES phagocytic activity. Am. J. Hematol. 69:225‐227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Inflammation by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in a Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis
Authors: Hyeyoung Moon, Hyo Eun Park, Jongeun Kang, Hyunseung Lee, Chaejoon Cheong, Yong Taik Lim, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Ki-Bae Seung, Farouc A. Jaffer, Jagat Narula, Kiyuk Chang, Kwan Soo Hong
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Limited availability of noninvasive and biologically precise diagnostic tools poses a challenge for the evaluation and management of patients with myocarditis. Methods and Results— The feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles (MNPs) for detection of myocarditis and its effectiveness in discriminating inflammation grades were assessed in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) (n=65) and control (n=10) rats. After undergoing CMR, rats were administered with MNPs, followed by a second CMR 24 hours later. Head-to-head comparison of MNP-CMR with T 2 -weighted, early and late gadolinium enhancement CMR was performed in additional EAM (n=10) and control (n=5) rats. Contrast-to-noise ratios were measured and compared between groups. Flow cytometry and microscopy demonstrated that infiltrating inflammatory cells engulfed MNPs, resulting in altered myocardial T 2 * effect. Changes in contrast-to-noise ratio between pre- and post-MNP CMR were significantly greater in EAM rats (1.08±0.10 versus 0.48±0.20; P &lt;0.001). In addition, contrast-to-noise ratio measurement in MNP-CMR clearly detected the extent of inflammation ( P &lt;0.001) except for mild inflammation. Compared with conventional CMR, MNP-CMR provided better image contrast (CNR change 8% versus 46%, P &lt;0.001) and detectability of focal myocardial inflammation. Notably, MNP-CMR successfully tracked the evolution of myocardial inflammation in the same EAM rats. Conclusions— Magneto-fluorescent nanoparticle CMR permitted effective visualization of myocardial inflammatory cellular infiltrates and distinction of the extent of inflammation compared with conventional CMR in a preclinical model of EAM. Magneto-fluorescent nanoparticle CMR performs best in EAM rats with at least moderate inflammatory response.
Comparative study of the value of the calcium, secretin, and meal stimulated increase in serum gastrin to the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Authors: C G Lamers, J H Van Tongeren
Journal: Gut (1977)

To evaluate the usefulness of provocation tests in the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome stimulation tests with calcium, 15 mg/kg. 3 h, and secretin GIH, 1 U/kg.30 s, were performed in 15 patients with histologically proven or suspected ZE syndrome. Nine of these 15 patients were without previous gastric surgery and in them meal stimulated serum gastrin levels were measured as well. These tests were also performed in normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer, antrectomy, total gastrectomy, and achlorhydria. All tests were considered to be positive if a more than 50% increase in serum gastrin was found. The results indicate that secretin stimulation is the provocation test of first choice in the diagnosis of this syndrome. This test is most valuable for the following reasons: (1) there were few (two out of 15) false-negative test results in ZE patients; (2) there were no false-positive tests in 69 patients without gastrinoma; (3) it was easy and quick to perform; and (4) there were no adverse reactions. The two ZE patients with negative secretin stimulation tests had negative calcium provocation tests as well, in spite of histologically proven gastrinoma. In 11 patients with suspected or proven ZE syndrome and basal serum gastrin levels of less than 1000 pg/ml a rather good correlation (r = 0-841; P less than 0-01) was found between the percental increase in serum gastrin after stimulation by calcium and secretin. Meal stimulated serum gastrin levels are helpful only in patients without previous gastric surgery.