tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations in anti-nRNP levels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease are related to disease activity as part of a polyclonal B cell response.
Authors: P M Houtman, C G Kallenberg, P C Limburg, M A van Leeuwen, M H van Rijswijk, T H The
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

In a follow up study of 11 patients with mixed connective tissue disease the levels of antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) as measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were related to clinical activity of disease. To assess the relation between anti-nRNP levels and disease activity the levels of total immunoglobulin G, IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF), and antibodies to an unrelated antigen (tetanus toxoid) were determined simultaneously. No significant changes in anti-nRNP levels were noted in four patients with minor activity of disease. Major flares of disease were observed in seven patients. Clinical symptoms were preceded by a rise in anti-nRNP level in these patients unless they received immunosuppressive agents before the exacerbation. Conversely, when a rise in anti-nRNP level occurred a major flare of disease was followed in all but one case. Anti-nRNP levels fell during clinical improvement whether or not immunosuppressive treatment was given. All patients showed parallel fluctuations in anti-nRNP, IgM RF, and total immunoglobulin G levels. Furthermore, parallel fluctuations were seen in the levels of anti-nRNP and antibodies to tetanus toxoid except in one patient. We conclude that measurement of anti-nRNP by ELISA may be a guide for disease activity in connective tissue disease. Fluctuations of anti-nRNP are not restricted to this antibody, however, but are part of a more polyclonal activity of the B lymphocyte system.
False-Positive Serology in Mononucleosis
Authors: Robert J. Hoagland
Journal: JAMA (1963)

MISCONCEPTIONS of infectious mononucleosis have arisen from uncritical repetitions of statements by earlier writers. The dictum of the frequent occurrence in mononucleosis of biological false-positive serologic reactions for syphilis (hereafter referred to as BFP) has been long accepted and unquestioned. For example, Harvey, in a recently published article,<sup>1</sup>stated that infectious mononucleosis was among the diseases which provoke a "high incidence" of BFP. The wide range of reported incidence is remarkable—one report stated that BFP's have been reported as occurring in "from 2 to more than 60 per cent of cases."<sup>2</sup>Recent articles have reported an incidence of 20%.<sup>3,4</sup> After observing many patients with mononucleosis without finding an instance of BFP, I undertook to ascertain its frequency in a series of 300 consecutive personally examined patients. Except for exclusion of outpatients, cases were unselected. This paper is a report of my results and conclusions. <h3>Method</h3> The incidence
Explaining risks: turning numerical data into meaningful pictures
Authors: Adrian G. Edwards, Glyn Elwyn, Al Mulley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The way in which information is presented affects both how health professionals introduce it and how patients use it

The “information age” has profound implications for the way we work. The volume of information derives from biomedical and clinical evaluative sciences and is increasingly available to clinicians and patients through the world wide web.1 We need to process information, derive knowledge, and disseminate the knowledge into clinical practice. This is particularly challenging for doctors in the context of the consultation. Information often highlights uncertainties, including collective professional uncertainty, which we address with more and better research; individual professional uncertainty, which we address with professional education and support for decisions; and stochastic uncertainty (the irreducible element of chance), which we address with effective risk communication about the harms and benefits of different options for treatment or care.

In this article we discuss whether the shift towards a greater use of information in consultations is helpful and summarise the current literature on risk communication. We also explore how information can be used without losing the benefits that are traditionally associated with the art, rather than the science, of medicine.

#### Summary points

Patients often desire more information than is currently provided

Communicating about risks should be a two way process in which professionals and patients exchange information and opinions about those risks

Professionals need to support patients in making choices by turning raw data into information that is more helpful to the discussions than the data

“Framing” manipulations of information, such as using information about relative risk in isolation of base rates, to achieve professionally determined goals should be avoided

“Decision aids” can be useful as they often include visual presentations of risk information and relate the information to more familiar risks RETURN TO TEXT

This paper draws on systematic reviews and other key literature in the …
Integrated Health Care, Capitated Payment, and Quality: The Role of Regulation
Authors: Katherine Swartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Concerns about the effect of managed care techniques on the quality of medical care have been raised in many quarters. Physicians have advocated the reiteration of professional ethics or even the prohibition of market incentives in health care as solutions to the problem of cost-quality tradeoffs in managed care systems. However, few recognize the existing systems for the regulation of managed care or consider how additional regulation could alleviate some of the potential problems posed by market-based competition. We review the evolution and growth of managed care organizations and the payment techniques that could cause a conflict between patient welfare and physician income. We then discuss the existing types of federal and state regulation of managed care and suggest some new incentives that could buttress the ethical practice of medicine in the medical marketplace.
CLINICAL AND EEG INVESTIGATION OF PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY PATIENTS
Authors: HAROLD STEVENS, ABRAHAM MOSOVICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. A folow-up study of 30 cases of prefrontal lobotomy was done. Twenty-three of these patients were operated on after admission to St. Elizabeths Hospital after a prolonged incapacitating illness. Of these 23, 21 were benefited by the operation, 11 were considered social recoveries, and 9 were discharged from the hospital. An organic syndrome was substituted for the psychosis. Restitution of the patient's pre-psychotic state should not be expected. One patient was made worse. 2. Protracted illness did not militate against improvement in these selected cases. 3. The criteria employed for the selection of these cases for psycho-surgery are justified by the high percentage of patients that were benefited. 4. No objective neurological signs resulted from the operation. 5. Post-operative convulsions occurred in 10 out of 30 cases. 6. Electroencephalograms of 23 out of 24 cases showed definite abnormalities. 7. There is no correlation between EEG pattern and post-lobotomy improvement.
Genetic Association of Refractive Error and Axial Length with 15q14 but Not 15q25 in the Blue Mountains Eye Study Cohort
Authors: Maria Schache, Andrea J. Richardson, Paul Mitchell, Jie Jin Wang, Elena Rochtchina, Ananth C. Viswanathan, Tien Y. Wong, Seang Mei Saw, Fotis Topouzis, Jing Xie, Xueling Sim, Elizabeth G. Holliday, John Attia, Rodney J. Scott, Paul N. Baird
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Initial Medical Assessment of Kurdish Refugees in the Turkey-Iraq Border Region
Authors: R H Sandler, P R Epstein, R M Cook-Deegan, A Shukri
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT INSPECT MEAT FOR TRICHINOSIS
Authors: George C. Shelton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial inThe Journal, Aug. 27, page 1930, "The Arthritic Hog," should do much to restimulate the interdisciplinary approach to comparative pathology and infectious diseases. The lack of sufficient correlation of information in the United States is emphasized by the general impression that hog carcasses are inspected for trichinosis and, if necessary, condemned. This mistaken opinion apparently extends even into the editorial offices of the AMA and is partially responsible for the complete lack of effort to exclude the trichinous hog from the meat counter. No effort is made by the federal meat inspection service to detect the presence of<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>. This is, and always will be, confusing to the housewife who logically feels that the stamp "U. S. Inspected and Passed" means that such labeled pork is free of disease. Almost 50 years ago, the Department of Agriculture decided to abandon all efforts to
Mechanism of the effect of exogenous fructose 1,6-bisphosphate on myocardial energy metabolism.
Authors: I E Hassinen, E M Nuutinen, K Ito, S Nioka, G Lazzarino, B Giardina, B Chance
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The effects of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2) on the isolated Langendorff-perfused heart were studied by monitoring flavoprotein fluorescence, oxygen consumption (MVO2), coronary flow (Fc), systolic intraventricular pressure (Psys), diastolic intraventricular pressure, and contraction frequency. The cellular energy state and cytosolic pH were determined by means of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Infusion of 5 mM F-1,6-P2 caused a rapid shift toward reduction in the flavoprotein redox state and initial 50% and 44% decreases in Psys and MVO2, respectively. After a partial recovery, these measures remained 11% and 25% below the basal value. Concomitantly, after an initial transient increase of 13%, Fc remained 17% lower than in the basal state. When the F-1,6-P2 concentration was subsequently increased to 10 mM, psys and MVO2 dropped temporarily to 31% and 29% of the basal value and then remained at 50% and 53%, respectively. Simultaneously, a brief increase was observed in Fc, which then fell 34% below the basal value. Rapid reoxidation of the flavoproteins and increases in MVO2, Psys, and Fc occurred on discontinuation of the F-1,6-P2 infusion. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance during infusions of both 5 and 10 mM F-1,6-P2 revealed a decrease in cytosolic inorganic phosphate and a tendency to increase creatine phosphate, suggesting elevation in the cellular energy state. No changes in intracellular pH occurred as estimated from the chemical shift of the nuclear magnetic resonance of inorganic phosphate. F-1,6-P2 (5 mM and 10 mM) lowered the free Ca2+ concentration in the Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (by 32% and 47%, respectively). This probably explains the effects of F-1,6-P2 on mechanical work performance and cellular respiration. A direct metabolic effect also exists, however, because flavoprotein reduction by F-1,6-P2 could be observed in the K(+)-arrested heart, where its effects on MVO2 were minimal. This redox effect may not be caused by changes in free Ca2+ concentration because it could not be reproduced by infusion of EGTA.
Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Ruben F. Gittes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IN the 12 years since the topic was last reviewed in the Journal,1 prostatic cancer has become the most common newly diagnosed cancer in men. It is the cause of death in more than 28,000 men per year, accounting for 11 percent of cancer deaths, third in men after lung and colon cancer.2 Important questions remain about the cause and prevention of prostatic cancer, but new advances permit earlier diagnosis and more accurate staging. Curative therapy is possible for localized disease with much less morbidity than previously. In advanced disease, androgen-deprivation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment.Biology and . . .
WAX MODELS OF UNUSUAL TYPES OF SKIN DISEASES.
Authors: J. FRANK WALLIS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Skin affections which deviate from the usual type afford the greatest interest for the dermatologist. These freaks are sooner or later recognized and, by the aid of the sensitized plate, become valuable records. Although the camera is a useful aid in registering these rare conditions, yet it can not always convey to the observer all the peculiar details of these exceptional lesions, nor can words sufficiently describe these anomalies. The nearest approach to the ideal, and that which overcomes the deficiencies of the photograph, is the wax model. It is the truest means of illustrating the morphologic conditions, and with the assistance of pigment the natural colors displayed by the pathologic processes are imitated. The models here exhibited are part of a collection made by Dr. Schamberg and the writer from patients attending the Polyclinic Hospital and the Southern Dispensary, Philadelphia. Their descriptions follow: No. 1 represents a case of
Treatment of long-duration atrial fibrillation by modified maze procedure
Authors: P. Kumar, T. Athanasiou, R. D. L Stanbridge
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Atrial fibrillation is the commonest sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with a prevalence of about 10% in the over-70s1. The implications in terms of mortality, stroke and quality of life are of major concern. Patients have been successfully treated by surgical interruption of conduction pathways—the maze procedure. Lately a saline-irrigated radiofrequency probe, Cardioblate, has become available in the UK for this purpose.
Psychiatric illness among British Afro-Caribbeans.
Authors: R. Littlewood, M. Lipsedge
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Healthy citiesWe are concerned lest the letter by Drs F L R Williams and 0 H Lloyd (14 May, p 1399) deflects attention from the main aim of the Healthy Cities project, which is a major opportunity for health authorities, district councils, regional authorities, and all who work with populations in a social or medical context to come together to improve the health of the community.The aim is to achieve measurable reductions in morbidity and mortality.Populations exhibit considerable heterogeneity of lifestyle, and this allows the prospect of success in an international project."Health for all" is relevant to everyone, but comparison between large urban areas and small towns can be mis- leading.The interpretation of comparative health statistics for towns and cities of widely different populations requires caution.Professor Martin J Gardner and Mr Douglas G Altman (30 April, p 1210) emphasise the importance of giving confidence intervals when rates are reported.Excesses of mortality in small areas, therefore, may not mean what they seem.Even if a town is at the top of a league table once, or even twice, this may not be of significance.Drs Williams and Lloyd state that over the period 1979-83 Glasgow had an excess mortality (compared with Scotland as a whole) of 15%.This statistic conceals the fact that the 20% of the population of Glasgow living in the most dis- advantaged areas has an excess mortality of 48%, whereas the 20% living in the least disadvantaged areas has a standardised mortality rate 8% below that of Scotland.In fact, the most disadvantaged communities in Glasgow have standardised mortality rates up to 70% greater than those for Scotland.The publication of data for Glasgow as a whole, rather than for its constituent communities, obscures this fact.It is, therefore, inappropriate to compare cities the size of Glasgow with smaller communities without recognising such internal variations.
438 THE EXPRESSION OF P27 REDUCES DNA MUTAGENESIS AND CELL DEATH IN AFLATOXIN B1 INDUCED GENOTOXICITY IN HEPATOCYTES. IMPACT OF P27 AND P21 IN HUMAN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: I. Ranchal, A. Poyato, P. Barrera, M. Pleguezuelo, T. Marchal, K.I. Nakayama, M. De la Mata, J. Muntane
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
P3-02-01: A Novel Bispecific, Hexavalent, Antibody (HexAb) Inhibits Anchorage-Independent Growth and Reduces Invasiveness of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro.
Authors: DM Goldenberg, Y Wang, P Trisal, TM Cardillo, EA Rossi, C-H Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Combination therapy using two different monoclonal antibodies to achieve improved efficacy without increased toxicity is being pursued in various preclinical and clinical studies but, in principle, could be accomplished with a single bispecific antibody (bsAb). We note the elevated expression of the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the trophoblast cell-surface marker (Trop-2) in diverse epithelial tumors, including breast cancers, and the increasing evidence of their correlation with poor survival. Therefore, we chose to explore the potential of 1R-(E1)-(E1), the bispecific HexAb constructed from hR1 (humanized anti-IGF-1R) and hRS7 (humanized anti-Trop-2) for treating breast cancers. Methods: 1R-(E1)-(E1) was generated by the Dock-and-Lock (DNL) method to comprise a full IgG of hR1 linked to two stabilized dimers of hRS7 Fab, and evaluated in three HER2−negative breast cancer cell lines: the non-evasive MCF-7, the moderately invasive MDA-MB-468, and the highly invasive MDA-MB-231. The in vitro characterizations of 1R-(E1)-(E1) included flow cytometry to determine cell binding, soft agar assay to evaluate the effect on anchorage-independent growth, and BD matrigel chambers to assess invasion properties. Statistical differences (P values) between two populations were determined by Student's t-test. Results: All three cell lines were found to express both IGF-1R and Trop-2, with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 notably higher in IGF-1R and Trop-2, respectively. As expected, 1R-(E1)-(E1) bound to all three cell lines. At 50 μg/mL, 1R-(E1)-(E1) reduced the invasion of MDA-MB-468 to less than 10% of the untreated control, whereas under the same conditions, MDA-MB-231 appeared to be resistant, while the parental antibodies showed no effects. The ability of 1R-(E1)-(E1) to inhibit anchorage-independent growth was demonstrated at 200 nM in MDA-MB-231, with a statistically significant difference (P&amp;lt;0.041) when compared with samples treated with parental antibodies at the same concentrations. Cells treated with 1R-(E1)-(E1) produced few and much smaller colonies, the largest size of which was less than 1/10 of the untreated cells. The parental hR1 alone, but not hRS7, had some effect on inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 in soft agar, presumably resulting from the down-regulation of IGF-1R. Conclusions: These promising results warrant further evaluation of 1R-(E1)-(E1) in other breast cancer cell lines, as well as the exploration of new bispecific HexAbs that comprise different antibodies capable of targeting other solid cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-01.
Comparison of Isovolumic and Ejection Phase Indices of Myocardial Performance in Man
Authors: KIRK L. PETERSON, DAVID SKLOVEN, PHILIP LUDBROOK, JOHN B. UTHER, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Indices derived from both the isovolumic and ejection phases of left ventricular systole have been advocated as a means of defining the basal level of contractility, but their comparative reliability for separating patients with obvious myocardial disease from a normal population has not been documented. Accordingly, indices of myocardial function were measured and compared in 36 patients, 22 with normal and 14 with abnormal ventricular function, using optimal techniques of pressure measurements by cathetertip micromanometry, signal digitizing at 1 msec intervals with averaging of multiple beats, and left ventriculography by biplane cineangiography. Isovolumic indices derived from developed pressure (DP), including V max, dP/dt/DP at DP = 5, 10, and 40 mm Hg, demonstrated no sensitivity for identifying depressed myocardial function ( P &gt; 0.1 in each instance). Using total pressure (TP), V max, peak (dP/dt/TP), and peak dP/dt served to separate the two patient populations from a statistical standpoint ( P &lt; 0.001), but individual values in the two groups showed considerable overlap. By contrast, the simplified ejection phase velocity indices, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) and mean normalized systolic ejection rate (MNSER) showed superior sensitivity for identifying normal and abnormal patient groups and manifested minimal overlap of individual values ( P &lt; 0.001). These observations indicate that, in patients with diffuse myocardial involvement, isovolumic indices are not reliable for detecting depressed myocardial function and that ejection phase contractile indices appear to offer a preferable mode for assessing myocardial function in the basal state.
Unstable Oxygen Delivery
Authors: Jane F. Desforges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The common denominator in most hemoglobinopathies associated with hemolysis is instability of hemoglobin. The best known and most dramatic of these is hemoglobin S, in which the instability results in vaso-occlusive complications superimposed on the hemolytic state. There are a number of others, however, in which the instability is manifest as an irreversible precipitation of only a fraction of the hemoglobin content of the red cell to form Heinz bodies, and hemoglobin Köln is one of these.1 Although the content of Heinz bodies is not great enough to occlude vessels, the cell is unable to navigate the circulation with its . . .
Time of Appearance of Human Placental Lactogen in the Embryo
Authors: J. Swanson Beck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THERE is some uncertainty concerning the time of appearance of human placental lactogen (HPL) in the conceptus. It has been reported as detected "at three weeks after ovulation" and at "16 days."1 It is important to resolve this uncertainty in view of the rapid pace of growth and differentiation in early development.HPL has been detected in extracts of placenta with the Ouchterlony technic at the earliest stage at which it was sought, namely five and a half weeks' gestation2 (that is, three and a half weeks after conception). Later, the antigen was demonstrated with the immunofluorescence technic in the . . .