tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro.
Authors: K Gould, C H Ramirez-Ronda, R K Holmes, J P Sanford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The abilities of 14 strains of aerobic gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli to adhere in vitro to human or canine aortic valve leaflets were compared. 2-mm sections of excised valve leaflets were obtained by punch biopsy and were incubated under standardized conditions in suspensions of bacteria. Valve sections were subsequently washed and homogenized, and quantitative techniques were used to determine the proportions of bacteria from the initial suspensions that had adhered to the valve sections. Comparable results were obtained when these adherence ratios were determined by two independent methods based either on measurements of bacterial viability or of radioactivity in 51Cr-labeled bacteria. For each bacterial strain, the adherence ratio was constant over a wide range of concentrations of bacteria in the incubation medium. Strains of enterococci, viridans streptococci, coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (adherence ratios 0.003-0.017) were found to adhere more readily to valve sections than strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (adherence ratios 0.00002-0.00004). The organisms that most frequently cause bacterial endocarditis were found to adhere best to heart valves in vitro, suggesting that the ability to adhere to valvular endothelium may be an important or essential charcteristic of bacteria that cause endocarditis in man.
Effect of coronary occlusion on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate
Authors: A TAKESHITA, H MATSUGUCHI, M NAKAMURA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

To determine whether the baroreflex control of heart rate is altered during acute myocardial ischaemia, the baroreflex slope was measured at the control state, during coronary occlusion, and at the recovery phase in nine conscious dogs. The baroreflex slope was obtained by relating the R-R interval to the preceding systolic pressure during phenylephrine-induced transient hypertension. The baroreflex slope was reduced during coronary occlusion (18.8 ± 3.8 ms·kPa−1, mean ± SE) compared with that at the control state (41.4 ± 6.0 ms·kPa−1). This reduction in the baroreflex slope during coronary occlusion was also present after propranolol, which suggests that this reduction of the slope during myocardial ischaemia is not due to a simultaneous increase in (β-adrenergic activity. These results suggest that the reflex originating from the cardiac receptors may modulate heart rate responses to arterial baroreceptor stimulation.
Hugh Alexander McDonald
Authors: C. Buddery
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Hugh Alexander McDonald was a distinguished general surgeon who, two years before the inception of the National Health Service in July 1948, was appointed to the former Great Yarmouth General Hospital, where he made such an impact on the practice of surgery that there can be few families in Great Yarmouth who have not benefited from his consummate skill.

He was born in London on 29 May 1914, and educated at Bishops Stortford Public School, where he was a boarder. He trained at Guy’s Hospital, where …
Early and late administration of a PGI2-analogue, ZK 36 374 (iloprost): effects on myocardial preservation, collateral blood flow and infarct size
Authors: E. F SMITH, W. GALLENKAMPER, R. BECKMANN, T. THOMSEN, G. MANNESMANN, K. SCHROR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

A number of investigations have reported that prostacyclin or prostacyclin analogues protect the ischaemic myocardium when administered early after myocardial ischaemia. Thus far, there are no reports describing whether these substances exert a cardioprotective effect when administered later than 0.5 h after coronary artery occlusion. Adult cats were subjected to acute coronary artery ligation for 5 h and administered the vehicle or ZK 36 374 (iloprost) (1.19 μg·kg−1·min−1), a prostacyclin analogue, beginning at 0.5, 2 or 4 h. Compared with the MI-vehicle cats, ZK 36 374 prevented a decrease in myocardial creatine kinase specific activity, the loss of free amino nitrogen and the fall in percentage bound cathepsin D in the ischaemic area when infusion was started at 0.5 or 2 h (P<0.05). In addition ZK 36 374 started at 4 h still showed a significant protective effect against myocardial creatine kinase specific activity and amino nitrogen concentrations but not against cathepsin D. In a separate group of animals, regional myocardial blood flow and late coronary resistance were determined with radioactive labelled 15±1 μm microspheres. ZK 36 374 consistently reduced late diastolic coronary vascular resistance and increased coronary blood flow in nonis-chaemic regions of the myocardium (P<0.05) but only attenuated the further increase in late coronary resistance in the ischaemic myocardial regions. The infarcted area (NTB-staining) amounted to 9% of the total left ventricle after 5 h and was not reduced by ZK 36 374 (P>0.05). In conclusion, ZK 36 374 exerted a significant biochemical cardioprotective effect when administered t 0.5, 2 or 4 h. The mechanism of cardioprotection does not appear to be due to increased myocardial perfusion but rather to some direct cellular action whose exact nature has yet to be elucidated.
Additional tests of Amit's attractor neural networks
Authors: Ralph E. Hoffman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Further tests of Amit's model are indicated. One strategy is to use the apparent coding sparseness of the model to make predictions about coding sparseness in Miyashita's network. A second approach is to use memory overload to induce false positive responses in modules and biological systems. In closing, the importance of temporal coding and timing requirements in developing biologically plausible attractor networks is mentioned.
Indication for computed tomography of the brain in patients with first uncomplicated generalised seizure
Authors: R A Schoenenberger, S M Heim
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the yield of emergency computed tomography of the brain in patients with a first generalised epileptic seizure and to evaluate a four item screening questionnaire on alcohol misuse (CAGE questionnaire) as a triage tool to avoid unnecessary scans in cases of seizures related to withdrawal from alcohol. <b>Design</b>: Prospective, observational. <b>Setting</b>: Medical casualty unit in a university hospital. <b>Patients</b>: 119 adult patients presenting to casualty within one hour of a generalised seizure. <b>Measurements</b>: A clinical examination focusing on focal neurological symptoms, the CAGE questionnaire, and computed tomography of the brain with contrast enhancement. <b>Results</b>: Computed tomography showed a focal, structural lesion of the brain in 40 patients (34% (95% confidence interval 25% to 42%)). In 20 patients (17% (10% to 24%)) an important therapeutic intervention resulted. The presence of a focal neurological deficit had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 89% in predicting focal lesions on computed comography. Answering "yes" to fewer than two CAGE questions had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 44% in identifying patients with focal computed tomography lesions. Focal lesions were not detected on computed tomography in any of the 35 patients (0% (0% to 10%)) who showed no focal neurological symptoms and answered "yes" to two or more CAGE questions. <b>Conclusions</b>: The diagnostic yield of computed tomography of the brain in adults after a first generalised seizure is high. Combined with the clinical examination, the CAGE questionnaire can reliably identify patients with uncomplicated seizures related to withdrawal from alcohol, in whom computed tomography may not be absolutely necessary.
THE ABRAMS CULT AGAIN
Authors: G. E. Hartshorne
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —For the benefit of the profession and the public, I am sending you the following information:  One A. Campbell, a reputed osteopath and a follower of Albert Abrams, recently brought suit in a Tulsa County court against Mr. Earl W. Deputy of this city. The suit was for the collection of a bill of $130 for alleged services rendered Mr. Deputy's wife. In defense, Mr. Deputy charged that Campbell treated his wife by fradulent methods and infected her eyes by putting over them a pad used (without sterilizing) on all his patients. Campbell, it seems, diagnosed Mrs. Deputy's case as one of cancer of the colon and lues, but evidence was introduced from reputable laboratory men disproving the presence either of malignancy or syphilis. As a result, Campbell lost his suit.  Mr. Deputy has now brought suit against Campbell for $25,000 damages for the injury to his
INDICANURIA IN DERMATOLOGY.
Authors: F. KRONE, Ivan H. McCaw
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article INDICANURIA IN DERMATOLOGY. Get access F. KRONE, M.D. Edin., F. KRONE, M.D. Edin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ivan H. McCaw, M.B., B.Ch.Belfast Ivan H. McCaw, M.B., B.Ch.Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 11, 1 November 1924, Pages 482–483, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09146.x Published: 01 November 1924
Lessons From and Cautions About Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials
Authors: Peter C. Gøtzsche
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arthritis and Hemolytic Anemia Following Erythema Infectiosum
Authors: William B. Wadlington
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Two patients had erythema infectiosum complicated by arthritis. One also exhibited a hemolytic anemia in association with the infection. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of the occurrence of hemolytic anemia in association with erythema infectiosum. The arthritis was self-limited and unassociated with permanent sequelae. Various viral agents have notable effects on the hematopoietic system and the production of arthritis.
Plan B — The FDA and Emergency Contraception
Authors: Eleanor B. Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Dr. Steinbrook (June 3 issue)1 joins the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in urging “all obstetrician-gynecologists to provide advance prescriptions for emergency contraception to all women of reproductive age at every office visit.” It should be noted, however, that all physicians who care for women of reproductive age have the ability to contribute to this effort. Multiple well-designed studies have shown that advance provision of emergency contraception increases timely, appropriate use without adversely affecting routine contraception and sexual risk-taking behavior.2–4 Any physician who recommends that a patient use condoms should ensure with a prescription that . . .
Sweets for a Bitter End: Lung Cancer Cell–Surface Protein Glycosylation Mediates Metastatic Colonization
Authors: Anna Arnal-Estapé, Don X. Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: Glycosylation is one of the most predominant forms of cell-surface protein modifications, yet its deregulation in cancer and contribution to tumor microenvironment interactions remain poorly understood. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Reticker-Flynn and Bhatia characterize an enzymatic switch in lung cancer cells that triggers aberrant surface protein glycosylation patterns, adhesion to lectins on the surface of inflammatory cells, and subsequent metastatic colonization of the liver. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 109–11. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Reticker-Flynn and Bhatia, p. 168
THE CAROTID SINUS AND THE CAROTID BODY
Authors: Francis M. Rackemann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

At the annual convention of the American Medical Association in June 1964, three of the papers presented before the Section on General Surgery dealt with the operation of glomectomy and its part in the treatment of asthma. Removal of the carotid body and nervous tissue of the carotid sinus is an easy matter, but the decision to remove these structures should not be reached too quickly. These special tissues play important parts in maintaining the homeostatis of the body.  The carotid sinus is a dilatation of the carotid artery at the point where the artery divides into its external and internal branches near the angle of the jaw. The carotid body is a bit of special tissue which varies from 1 to 10 mm in diameter and lies near the crotch between the carotid artery branches. The sinus has a veil of tissue which surrounds it and the beginning of
Outbreak of Meningococcal Disease in Devon
Authors: D. M. Easton, P. G. Estcourt, F. S. W. Brimblecombe, W. Burgess, L. Hass, J. B. Kurtz
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a recent outbreak of 31 cases of meningococcal disease in Devon there were six deaths. Several patients had an unusual rash as the presenting feature and there was an unusually high incidence of complications, affecting the central nervous system, joints, and the heart among other sites.
Cytomegalovirus infection enhances experimental obliterative bronchiolitis in rat tracheal allografts.
Authors: P K Koskinen, E A Kallio, C A Bruggeman, K B Lemström
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Inbred DA (AG-B4, RT1a) and WF (AG-B2, RT1v) rat immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A (CsA) 2 mg/kg/day subcutaneously were used as donors and recipients of heterotopic rat tracheal allografts. Acute infection was established by inoculating the recipients with 10(5) plaque-forming units of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) intraperitoneal on the day of transplantation. Chronic RCMV infection was similarly established 8 wk before transplantation in donors alone, recipients alone, and in both donor and recipients. The control rats were left noninfected. For in vivo cell proliferation, the rats received bromedeoxyuridine intravenously 3 h before being killed. RCMV infection significantly enhanced the generation of experimental obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). First, acute RCMV infection was linked to markedly enhanced MHC class II expression on the respiratory epithelium and prominent airway wall inflammation of W3/25+ T cells (CD4+) and ED1+/ED2+ macrophages. Second, acute infection induced a fivefold increase in luminal occlusion of the trachea, due to proliferating inflammatory and alpha-smooth muscle actin+ myofibroblast-like cells. Acute RCMV infection was particularly associated with markedly increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) AA-isoform in various structures of the graft 10 d after transplantation. At 30 d, RCMV significantly increased PDGF alpha- and beta-receptor expression in alpha-smooth muscle actin+ cells and TNF-alpha expression in capillary endothelial cells of the fibroproliferative lesion. In chronic recipient RCMV infection, the histopathological changes were quite similar to acute infection. Chronic donor infection did not amplify the development of experimental OB. As analyzed by immunohistochemistry from the grafts and by plaque assays from salivary gland biopsies of the recipients, trace RCMV antigen expression, while no infectious RCMV could be recovered in the chronic donor infection group. In other infected groups, RCMV antigen expression was mild to moderate and salivary glands contained plenty of infectious RCMV. To conclude, our results indicate that RCMV infection enhances epithelial MHC class II expression and myofibroproliferation in heterotopic rat tracheal allografts and suggest that these changes may be induced by increased PDGF-AA and PDGF alpha-receptor expression, respectively.
Lichen planus pemphigoides is a heterogeneous disease: a report of five cases studied by immunoelectron microscopy
Authors: None Bouloc, None Vignon-Pennamen, None Caux, None Teillac, None Wechsler, None Heller, None LebbE, None Flageul, None Morel, None Dubertret, None Prost
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare and controversial disease. It is characterized by bullae arising on lichen planus papules and on uninvolved skin, subepidermal bullae in histology, and linear deposits of IgG and C3 along the basal membrane zone on immunofluorescence of peribullous skin. Our goal was to identify the localization of the target antigen in cases of LPP. Five patients diagnosed with LPP on clinical, histological and immunofluorescence criteria were explored by immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblot. Our results show that the target antigen in LPP is not unique. The localization of the immune deposits was consistent with a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid in two cases, of cicatricial pemphigoid in two cases and of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in one case. Our study supports the view that LPP is a heterogeneous condition in which lichen planus may induce different subepidermal acquired bullous dermatoses.
A comparative study of the frictional properties of emollient bath additives using porcine skin
Authors: R.J. HILLS, A. UNSWORTH, F.A. IVE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article A comparative study of the frictional properties of emollient bath additives using porcine skin Get access R.J. HILLS, R.J. HILLS Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. UNSWORTH, A. UNSWORTH School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K. Professor A. Unsworth. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.A. IVE F.A. IVE Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 37–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06879.x Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Accepted: 11 June 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
Enhancement of UVB-Induced Apoptosis by Apigenin in Human Keratinocytes and Organotypic Keratinocyte Cultures
Authors: Adnan O. Abu-Yousif, Kimberly A. Smith, Spiro Getsios, Kathleen J. Green, Rukiyah T. Van Dross, Jill C. Pelling
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Topical application of the bioflavonoid 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) to mouse skin effectively reduces the incidence and size of skin tumors caused by UVB exposure. The ability to act as a chemopreventive compound indicates that apigenin treatment alters the molecular events initiated by UVB exposure; however, the effects of apigenin treatment on UVB-irradiated keratinocytes are not fully understood. In the present study, we have used three models of human keratinocytes to study the effect of apigenin treatment on UVB-induced apoptosis: HaCaT human keratinocyte cells, primary keratinocyte cultures isolated from human neonatal foreskin, and human organotypic keratinocyte cultures. Each keratinocyte model was exposed to a moderate dose of UVB (300–1,000 J/m2), then treated with apigenin (0–50 μmol/L), and harvested to assess apoptosis by Western blot analysis for poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage, annexin-V staining by flow cytometry, and/or the presence of sunburn cells. Apigenin treatment enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis &amp;gt;2-fold in each of the models tested. When keratinocytes were exposed to UVB, apigenin treatment stimulated changes in Bax localization and increased the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria compared with UVB exposure alone. Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and expression of a dominant-negative form of Fas-associated death domain led to a reduction in the ability of apigenin to enhance UVB-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that enhancement of UVB-induced apoptosis by apigenin treatment involves both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The ability of apigenin to enhance UVB-induced apoptosis may explain, in part, the photochemopreventive effects of apigenin. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):3057–65]
Total Joint Replacement
Authors: James N. Glenn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I read with interest a letter by Lazansky et al (238:129, 1977). This was an excellent subject to be treated inThe Journalbecause of the wide contact of these total joint replacement patients with other members of the medical and dental field other than orthopedists. For some time I have given my total joint replacement patients a billfold-sized card for their permanent possession and reference. It is printed with a blank for the name of the patient and states that this patient has had a total joint replacement (the type and sites are listed) and "because there have been instances of late infection occurring with infections in other body systems with or without other surgical procedures, it is advised that infections be promptly diagnosed and treated with appropriate antibiotics and that with operative procedures 'prophylactic antibiotics' be considered. This metal joint may set off metal detector
Radiofrequency ablation of HCC on liver cirrhosis. Evaluation of effect by spiral-CT and pathology on native livers of trasplanted patients
Authors: L. Lupo, A. Gentile, F. Aquilino, A. Gallerani, G. Di Palma, A. Stabile-Ianora, O. Caputi, P. Ricci, A. Panebianco, A. Volpi, G. Angelelli, V. Memeo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Hair Can Be Dangerous to Health
Authors: Carl W. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The answer given by Charles W. Macenski (232:849, 1975) concerning covering of hair is irresponsible. Long loose tresses that dangle onto an aseptic field or that are clutched by an infant's hand are a means for spread of contagion by contact. Habitual grooming motions to remove offending hair from the face or to accentuate a hair style make hair a direct extension of the dirty hand. An anecdote is pertinent and more eloquent than microbiologic data. The patient had partial large bowel obstruction, resulting from a large tumor of the rectum. He was lying in the lateral Sims position. Rectal examination was demonstrated to a student, who then leaned over the patient in imitation. Long hair dangled on the patient's buttocks. As the gloved finger was withdrawn, a gush of feces soiled the glove. The student recoiled, stood erect, and reflexly wiped the hair from his face
National Child Development Study
Authors: N. R. Butler, K. Fogelman, C. S. Peckham, R. C. M. Pearson, M. D. Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Owing to the Government's restrictions on the use of power in industry, including printing, we have been obliged to defer publication of some letters and print others in shortened form.We regret this inconvenience.Correspondents are asked to help by keeping their letters as short