tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Water Intoxication in Relation to Acute Psychotic Disorder
Authors: E. R. Alexander, T. J. Crow, S. M. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Psychogenic polydipsia may present a problem in relation to the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (Carter and Robbins, 1947; Barlow and de Wardener, 1959).More rarely (Barahal, 1938; Bewley, 1964) polydipsia results from an -acute psychiatric disturbance and is of such magnitude as to cause water intoxication (Rowntree, 1926).We here report a case in which coma
NHS budget escapes relatively unscathed
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Mr Patrick Jenkin's reward for having been so accommodating about the social service side of his empire in the Cabinet battle over public spending cuts has been that the health budget was allowed to escape relatively unscathed. The NHS did not, of course, emerge unpruned at the end of the day, but at least it was not included in the 2% cut all the other rash-limited central government programmes have to accept. The Government has, however, still to fix the cash limits and it will depend on the allowance made for inflation whether the health authorities will find themselves in trouble again next year. The indications are that they will be subject to broadly the same discipline as local government, where the rate support grant will allow for a 6% annual increase in earnings and for an increase in prices other than pay of 11%. The direct NHS contribution to the cuts is about ?25m, which will be found by better use of resources and increased efficiency. Mr Jenkin believes that it can be raised through the elimination of inefficient working practices, energy savings, economies in catering, and more effective drug control. The motto for the NHS is to be: Practisegood housekeeping. As a result of the measures health authorities' revenue spending will be able to rise by 1 i% next year, which is expected to be enough to cover demographic changes?mainly the increasing numbers of old people in the population?as well as to allow a start on some high priority developments. The planned spending on the family practitioner services is also to be maintained. Given that the surgery is of the order of only ?25m (though if people try really hard the savings could be greater), how is it to be done ? Mr Jenkin's answer is that the growth of spending on the NHS can be maintained by making people pay a bit more through National Insurance contributions. He also believes people are prepared to do just that to get results. The NHS has escaped the axe because the 1% increase in employees' National Insurance contributions to be introduced in April includes a i% for health, which will raise an extra ?254m. Some of that, if the sums provided are anything to go by, will probably be needed to meet the ?121m required to pay for various services which the Government had planned to intro duce charges for, such as road accidents and eye tests. But this i% is regarded by Labour MPs as part of a move to soften up the public's attitude towards paying for treatment through insurance. I think some of the hopes raised recently by Dr Gerard Vaughan, the Health Minister, about a consultative document on insurance funding in the New Year might prove to be a little high. Certainly some people who should have known better were surprised by what he said. The thought of insurance as a supplementary means of raising revenue has its attractions, and Mr Jenkin, who is said to have come round to the idea some what, will be making a speech soon setting out the pros and cons.
Long-Term Lowering of Plasma Cholesterol Levels in LDL-Receptor-Deficient WHHL Rabbits by Gene Therapy
Authors: Hanna M Kankkonen, Elisa Vähäkangas, Robert A Marr, Timo Pakkanen, Anniina Laurema, Pia Leppänen, Johanna Jalkanen, Inder M Verma, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Lentiviral vectors encoding rabbit low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a liver-specific promoter (LSP) were used for intraportal gene transfer into the liver of hypercholesterolemic LDLR-deficient Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits. In vitro cell culture analysis demonstrated functionality of the LSP-LDLR vector in mediating increased degradation of LDL in transduced liver cells. Twenty-five rabbits were each injected with 1 x 10(9) infectious virus particles into the portal vein. Liver biopsy samples were collected 4 weeks after the gene transfer and the rabbits were followed up for 2 years. Histological and RT-PCR analyses showed the expression of GFP and LDLR transgenes in the biopsy samples. Clinical chemistry and histological analyses revealed normal liver function and morphology during the 2-year follow-up with no safety issues. LSP-LDLR-treated rabbits demonstrated an average of 14 +/- 7% decrease in serum cholesterol levels during the first 4 weeks, 44 +/- 8% decrease at 1 year, and 34 +/- 10% decrease at the 2-year time point compared to the control rabbits. This study demonstrates the safety and potential benefits of the third-generation liver-specific lentiviral vectors in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia using direct intraportal liver gene therapy without the need for liver resection.
Effect of administration site in the gastrointestinal tract on bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs taken after a meal
Authors: Shinji Sakuma, Fumié K. Tanno, Yoshie Masaoka, Makoto Kataoka, Toshio Kozaki, Ryosei Kamaguchi, Hiroyasu Kokubo, Shinji Yamashita
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Jo Buyske
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Hypothesis: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) provides the potential for performance of incisionless operations. This would break the physical barrier between bodily trauma and surgery, representing an epical revolution in surgery. Our group at IRCAD-EITS (Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif [Institute of Digestive Cancer Research]-European Institute of TeleSurgery) has been actively involved in the development of NOTES since 2004 with a dedicated project created to develop feasibility and survival studies and new endoscopic technology. Design: NOTES cholecystectomy in a woman via a transvaginal approach. Setting: University hospital. Patient: The patient was a 30-year-old woman with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Intervention: The procedure was carried out by a multidisciplinary team using a standard double-channel flexible videogastroscope and standard endoscopic instruments. The placement of a 2-mm needle port, mandatory to insufflate carbon dioxide and to monitor the pneumoperitoneum, was helpful for further retraction of the gallbladder. At no stage of the procedure was there need for laparoscopic assistance. All of the principles of cholecystectomy were strictly adhered to. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient had no postoperative pain and no scars, and was discharged on the second postoperative day. Conclusions: Transluminal surgery is feasible and safe. NOTES, a radical shift in the practice and philosophy of interventional treatment, is becoming established and is enormously advantageous to the patient. With its invisible mending and tremendous potential, NOTES might be the next surgical evolution.
COLLODION SACS FOR AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL CULTIVATION
Authors: Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A simple and convenient method is described for the preparation and use of collodion sacs for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultivation in vitro. The sacs are suitable for the study of various problems in bacterial growth and metabolism. By their use with the Smith-Noguchi tissue medium, certain microorganisms may be grown in the absence of the confusing, antigenic protein precipitate characteristic of cultures containing fresh tissue, and thus the organisms are obtained in a suitable condition for serological study.
Therapeutic trials in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Insulin sensitizers and related methodological issues
Authors: Vlad Ratziu, Stephen Caldwell, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Insulin sensitizers are attractive candidate therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mainly because of the strong association between this disease and insulin resistance. This review provides a critical overview of the mechanisms of action, clinical trial results, and safety issues of metformin and glitazones in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It also highlights methodological challenges for trial design and proposes endpoints for future proof of principle, registrational, and postmarketing trials.
UGT1A1 polymorphisms are important determinants of dietary carcinogen detoxification in the liver
Authors: Hugo Girard, Jean Thibaudeau, Michael H. Court, Louis‐Charles Fortier, Lyne Villeneuve, Patrick Caron, Qin Hao, Lisa L. von Moltke, David J. Greenblatt, Chantal Guillemette
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-f]pyridine), the most abundant heterocyclic amine in diet, is involved in the etiology of cancer. PhIP and its carcinogenic metabolite N-hydroxy-PhIP (N-OH-PhIP) are extensively conjugated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) with wide variability. This study aimed to determine the genetic influence of UGTs on the hepatic detoxification of this carcinogen. The formation of N-OH-PhIP glucuronides was studied in 48 human liver samples by mass spectrometry. Liver samples were genotyped for common polymorphisms and correlated with UGT protein levels and N-OH-PhIP glucuronidation activities. The formation of four different N-OH-PhIP glucuronide metabolites was observed in all livers. The major metabolite was N-OH-PhIP-N(2)-glucuronide (N(2)G), which is the primary metabolite found in human urine, and showed a high interindividual variability (up to 28-fold). Using an heterologous expression system, the bilirubin-conjugating UGT1A1 enzyme was identified among all known UGTs (n = 16) as the predominant enzyme involved. The significant correlation between UGT1A1 protein content and formation of N(2)G (Rs = 0.87; P < .0001) suggests a critical role for UGT1A1 in the hepatic metabolism of this carcinogen. UGT1A1 expression was strongly determined by the presence of the common promoter polymorphisms, UGT1A1*28 (TATA box polymorphism) (P = .0031), -3156G/A (P = .0006) and -3279G/T (P = .0017), and rates of N(2)G were indeed correlated with these polymorphisms (P < .05), whether analyzed individually or in combination (haplotypes). In conclusion, UGT1A1 polymorphisms modulate the hepatic metabolism of the carcinogenic intermediate of PhIP and may determine the level of its exposure and potentially influence the risk of cancer through dietary exposure to HCAs.
Sodium-channel defects in benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures
Authors: Sarah E Heron, Kathryn M Crossland, Eva Andermann, Hilary A Phillips, Allison J Hall, Andrew Bleasel, Michael Shevell, Suha Mercho, Marie-Helene Seni, Marie-Christine Guiot, John C Mulley, Samuel F Berkovic, Ingrid E Scheffer
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Dehiscence of the infraorbital nerve as a new cause of facial pain
Authors: H B Whittet, R E Quiney
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Deux observations de douleurs persistantes atypiques faciales, dont la cause est decelee par tomographies et endoscopie: il s'agit d'une dehiscence du canal du nerf sous-orbitaire dans le toit du sinus maxillaire, ce qui amene une inflammation du nerf. Traitement efficace par irrigations et antibiotiques dans un cas, et par antrostomie intranasale pour une meilleure aeration dans l'autre
ON THE ROLE OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN ANIMAL VIRUS SYNTHESIS
Authors: Igor Tamm, Marjorie M. Nemes, Suydam Osterhout
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Adenosine, but not guanosine, was capable of blocking the inhibitory effect of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) on influenza virus multiplication in the chorioallantoic membrane in vitro. At virus inhibitory concentrations DRB caused marked inhibition in uptake of adenosine-8-C(14) into RNA of uninfected host cells, but it had little effect on uptake of C(14)-L-alanine into host cell proteins or on cellular oxygen consumption. The activity of DRB in inhibiting multiplication of the DNA-containing adenovirus was similar to its inhibitory activity on multiplication of the RNA-containing influenza virus. These and earlier results are discussed from the point of view of the important role of RNA in the reproduction of DNA-containing viruses.
Some Biochemical Aspects of Fibrogenesis and Wound Healing
Authors: David S. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS review is not intended to be exhaustive since it is aimed not at the specialist in this field but rather toward the physicians and surgeons whose work brings them into close contact with the problems of the structure and function of the connective tissues and their maintenance and repair. These tissues are the most ubiquitous of all the animal tissues, and through them must pass the nutritive substances and metabolic products of the cells. This means that any impairment of the integrity of these tissues must inevitably have widespread implications. Their function as structural elements is, of course, also . . .
Phaeochromocytoma without Hypertension
Authors: M. U. Henry
Journal: BMJ (1954)

His right lower lobe collapsed on September 13, and this was re-expanded after a large quantity of purulent sputum was aspirated through a bronchoscope.He developed a deep venous thrombosis of the left leg on September 18 and anticoagulants were given for a week.He was discharged from hospital on October 2.
Targeted Overexpression of Noncleavable and Secreted Forms of Tumor Necrosis Factor Provokes Disparate Cardiac Phenotypes
Authors: Abhinav Diwan, Ziad Dibbs, Shintaro Nemoto, Gilberto DeFreitas, Blase A. Carabello, Natarajan Sivasubramanian, Eric M. Wilson, Francis G. Spinale, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Recent studies suggest that posttranslation processing or “shedding” (ie, secretion) of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) may contribute to the left ventricular (LV) remodeling that occurs in the failing human heart. Methods and Results— To address the functional significance of TNF shedding, we generated lines of transgenic mice with targeted overexpression of secreted wild-type (MHCsTNF 2 ) TNF and overexpression of a mutated noncleavable transmembrane form of TNF (MHCmTNF). Both lines of mice had overlapping levels of myocardial TNF protein; however, the phenotypes of the MHCsTNF2 and MHCmTNF mice were strikingly disparate. Whereas the MHCmTNF mice developed a concentric LV hypertrophy phenotype, the MHCsTNF 2 mice developed a dilated LV phenotype. The fibrillar collagen weave in MHCmTNF mice with concentric hypertrophy was characterized by thick collagen fibrils and increased collagen content, whereas the fibrillar collagen weave in the MHCsTNF 2 mice with LV dilation was characterized by a diminished collagen content. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases with a broad-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor prevented LV dilation in the MHCsTNF 2 mice. Conclusions— These findings suggest that posttranslational processing of TNF, as opposed to TNF expression per se, is responsible for the adverse cardiac remodeling that occurs after sustained TNF overexpression.
Ezetimibe and Simvastatin Reduce Inflammation, Disease Activity, and Aortic Stiffness and Improve Endothelial Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kaisa M. Mäki-Petäjä, Anthony D. Booth, Frances C. Hall, Sharon M.L. Wallace, John Brown, Carmel M. McEniery, Ian B. Wilkinson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
'CSF Viral Cultures'
Authors: Dennis K. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Chonmaitree et al, in "The Clinical Relevance of 'CSF Viral Culture': A Two-Year Experience With Aseptic Meningitis in Rochester, NY" (1982;247:1843), found that the highest yield of positive viral cultures in young infants with clinical and laboratory findings of meningitis occurred in the summer and fall months. They estimated a 70-day reduction in antibiotic therapy and in hospitalization during a two-year period at Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY. Two colleagues and I, following methodology similar to that used in the article, recently completed a study in which we reviewed the charts of patients who had CSF viral cultures at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC), New York. While we found the highest yield of positive cultures in patients with the same profile as in the study of Chonmaitree et al, the influence of viral CSF cultures was drastically different. During the four-year interval 19771981, more than 350 CSF viral
E-cigarette marketing is aimed at youngsters, says charity
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Companies making electronic cigarettes are increasingly targeting young people through social media, celebrity endorsements, sponsorship, and online promotions, a new report from Cancer Research UK warns.1

The charity said that it was not against marketing of e-cigarettes to adult smokers, as they could reduce harm. But it said that unregulated marketing was sending a confusing message to children about smoking and may encourage more young people to take up the habit.

Big tobacco companies such as British American Tobacco are starting to buy up e-cigarette companies. The …
The Scientific Exhibit
Authors: John B. Hynes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perisplenic Halo on Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy A Sign of Mild Ascites
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, FRANK H. DeLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A patient with acute parenchymal liver disease whose Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) liver/spleen scan showed a perisplenic halo in the posterior view (supine position) proved to have mild ascites at the time of autopsy. The signs of mild and massive ascites are briefly discussed.
Young Jehovah's Witness who refused a blood transfusion is allowed to die
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 22 year old Jehovah’s Witness with sickle cell anaemia has recently been allowed to die in the United Kingdom after refusing a blood transfusion, the lawyer advising the NHS trust caring for him has announced.

Robert Tobin, a partner in the law firm Kennedys, was consulted because doctors were reluctant to let the man, who was in a sickle cell crisis, die when such a simple procedure could have saved his life.1

Doctors “looked into the possibility of alternative products, but the …
Oregon's Plan
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ON AUGUST 19, 1991, the Oregon Department of Human Resources submitted to the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) a proposal to conduct its new Medicaid program as a 5-year demonstration project. If approved, the most visible and controversial plan to reform health care coverage for the poor and uninsured will be set in motion. If denied, the results of 2 years of hard planning and negotiations will disappear, and 2 years of debate will become moot. Frustrated by uncontrollable increases in Medicaid costs, a large population of uninsured, and a nagging sense that resources were being misallocated, the Oregon state legislature passed the Oregon Basic Health Services Act in July 1989.<sup>1</sup>The act had three parts designed to ensure that every citizen was covered for at least basic health care. One part would expand Medicaid to cover all people with incomes less than the federal poverty level; the second
THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE (USP), l-EPINEPHRINE, AND l-NOREPINEPHRINE ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, RENAL PLASMA FLOW, AND THE URINARY EXCRETION OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND WATER IN NORMAL MAN 12
Authors: Cheves McC. Smythe, James F. Nickel, Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)
Row breaks out over German funding of short acting diabetes treatment
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The German independent Institute for Quality and Economic Efficiency in Health Care has come under fire from doctors, patients, politicians, and the drugs industry for questioning the use of short acting insulin analogues for late onset (type 2) diabetes. The institute is Germany's equivalent of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in England.

Following the institute's report, a federal committee has announced that it intends to forbid health insurance companies from paying for costly short acting insulin analogues rather than insulin.

No other institution in Europe has published recommendations on the use of these drugs, but NICE published recommendations on long acting insulin in December 2002 (www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=43424).

The …
Nuclear factor (NF)- B proteins: therapeutic targets
Authors: I M Verma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a key player in the control of both innate and adaptive immunity. NF-κB proteins are present in the cytoplasm in association with inhibitory proteins called inhibitors of κB (IκBs). On activation by a large plethora of inducers, the IκB proteins are phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and subsequently degraded in the proteasomes. Degradation of IκBs allows translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus and bind to their cognate DNA binding sites to regulate the transcription of large numbers of genes including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines, stress response proteins, and antiapoptotic proteins. NF-κB activity is essential for lymphocyte survival, activation, and mounting normal immune responses. Constitutive activation of NF-κB pathways is often associated with inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. Better understanding of the regulation of NF-κB will provide a platform for development of specific therapeutic agents targeted towards the inflammatory diseases.

As most transcription factors, the mammalian NF-κB family has multiple members including RelA (p65), NF-κB1 (p50; p105), NF-κB2 (p52; p100), c-Rel, and RelB1,2 (fig 1). These proteins have a structurally conserved N-terminal 300-amino acid region, which contains the dimerisation, nuclear localisation, and DNA binding domains (see fig 1). The c-Rel, RelB, and RelA proteins also have a C-terminal non-homologous transactivation domain that strongly activates transcription from NF-κB binding sites. On the other hand, the other Rel proteins, such as p50 homodimers, lack the transcription activation domain but still bind to κB-consensus sites and therefore function as transcription repressors.3 The p50 and p52 proteins are generated by proteolytic processing of their precursors, p105 and p100, respectively.4 All members of the NF-κB family except RelB can form homodimers, as well as heterodimers with one another. The most prevalent activated form of NF-κB is the heterodimer of subunit p65 associated with either …