tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new operation of internal closure of the larynx for separation of the air and food passages
Authors: C. Grimshaw, M. T. Morrell
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Indications for internal closure of the larynx are the same as those set out by Smith, Spalding, Ardran, and Livingstone (1965) for laryngectomy in non-malignant conditions. There should be no prospect of recovery from the pharyngeal palsy which endangers the life of the patient from inhalation pneumonia. The advantage of closure of the larynx over laryngectomy is that it is only a mildly traumatic procedure, being less disturbing generally and likely to avoid complications at the operation site. This simple procedure could play an important part in hastening the rehabilitation of patients with permanent pharyngeal dysphagia, allowing early removal of the tracheotomy tube. Rather than adding to the difficulties in swallowing, as a laryngectomy may do, simple closure of the larynx can increase the patient9s confidence in swallowing, with early resumption of normal feeding.
Heart Force Effects of Sympathomimetic Amines as a Basis for Their Use in Shock Accompanying Myocardial Infarction
Authors: PETER C. GAZES, LEON I. GOLDBERG, THOMAS D. DARBY
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The treatment of 14 patients in severe shock accompanying myocardial infarction with l -norepinephrine (Levophed) in some cases and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) in others demonstrated a significantly higher recovery rate with l -norepinephrine. Twelve of the patients were in congestive heart failure. Using strain-gage technics in fully conscious, trained dogs, l -norepinephrine was shown to produce substantial increments in heart contractile force in addition to its recognized pressor effects. Approximately equipressor doses of Neo-Synephrine under the same conditions had little effect on contractile force. These pronounced differences in heart force effects are presented as a basis for the difference in clinical results.
Chronic paranoid psychosis after misuse of MDMA ("ecstasy")
Authors: P McGuire, T Fahy
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a hallucinogenic amphetamine that combines the effects of amphetamines and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and has become increasingly popular in the United Kingdom.We report two cases of chronic paranoid psychoses after heavy misuse of this drug. Case reports CASE I
MTHFR C677T polymorphism and its relation to ischemic stroke in the Black Sea Turkish population
Authors: Fahri Uçar, Mehmet Sönmez, Ercüment Ovalı, Mehmet Özmenoǧlu, S. Sami Kartı, Mustafa Yılmaz, Alper Pakdemir
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The MTHFR C677T mutation has been shown to be associated with venous thrombosis. The role of this mutation in ischemic stroke is unclear. We investigated whether the MTHFR mutation is a risk factor for patients with ischemic stroke in the Black Sea Turkish population or not. We analyzed 30 patients (19 male, 11 female) [median age: 50 years (range: 28-78)] with ischemic stroke who had no known predisposition factors for stroke and 242 (182 male, 60 female) healthy controls [median age: 42 years (range: 18-65)]. Detection of the MTHFR C677T mutation was performed by using commercially available allele-specific PCR-ELISA kits. Prevalence of the MTHFR C677T genotype was 49.1% (CT, 45.8%; TT, 3.3%) in controls and 50% (CT, 43.3%; TT, 6.6%) in patients [OR: 1.03, 95% CI (0.45-2.35]). The prevalence of homozygous gene mutation for MTHFR was higher among patients with stroke than control subjects, but this difference was not statistically significant. The MTHFR gene mutation is not a risk factor for ischemic stroke formation in patients from the Black Sea region in Turkey.
Doctors and homosexuality
Authors: I. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Editor,--While agreeing with the general sentiments expressed by Lynn Rose, I take issue with the study on which they are said to be based.1 The small self selecting sample cannot be said to be representative of the population under study, but perhaps more worrying is the way in which the author so blatantly draws conclusions that are not justified by the data presented. One particular case is her assertion …
Human red cells scavenge extracellular hydrogen peroxide and inhibit formation of hypochlorous acid and hydroxyl radical.
Authors: C C Winterbourn, A Stern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The ability of intact human red cells to scavenge extracellularly generated H2O2 and O2-, and to prevent formation of hydroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid has been examined. Red cells inhibited oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by H2O2. Cells treated with aminotriazole no longer inhibited, indicating that protection was almost entirely due to intracellular catalase. Contribution by the GSH system was slight, and apparent only with low H2O2 concentrations when catalase was inhibited by aminotriazole. The cells were about a quarter as efficient at inhibiting cytochrome c oxidation as an equivalent concentration of purified catalase. No inhibition of O2(-)-dependent reduction of ferricytochrome c or nitroblue tetrazolium was observed, although extracted red cell superoxide dismutase inhibited nitroblue tetrazolium reduction at one fortieth the concentration of that in the cells. Red cells efficiently inhibited deoxyribose oxidation by hydroxyl radicals generated from H2O2, O2- and Fe(EDTA), and myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide by stimulated neutrophils. Most of the red cell inhibition of hydroxyl radical production, and all the inhibition of methionine oxidation, was prevented by blocking intracellular catalase with aminotriazole. Thus red cells are able to efficiently scavenge H2O2, but not O2-, produced in their environment, and to inhibit formation of hydroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid. They may therefore have an important role in extracellular antioxidant defense.
Quantitative difference in "critical" stenosis between right and left coronary artery in man.
Authors: W Rafflenbeul, F Urthaler, P Lichtlen, T N James
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Coronary artery stenoses that limit blood flow below demand are considered critical. In this comparative study we investigated whether the same degree of stenosis in either the proximal third of the right coronary artery (RCA) or the proximal third of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) causes critical flow reduction. Lesions were quantified from 35-mm cinefilms in multiple projections using a vernier caliper. These morphometric measurements were correlated with various manifestations of critical flow reduction, such as angina pectoris, development of collateral vessels and segmental wall motion abnormalities. In 13 patients with anginal pain and isolated RCA stenosis, the mean degree of obstruction was 63% area stenosis, which was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) than that measured in 17 symptomatic patients who had isolated obstructions of the LAD (77% area stenosis). In patients with an identical degree of obstruction (78%) in either the LAD or RCA, collateral vessels were angiographically demonstrable in 53% of the RCA stenoses but in only 29% of the LAD stenoses. Furthermore, when the stenoses were less than 63% in the RCA and LAD, regional wall motion abnormalities were more frequently (p &lt; 0.05) associated with RCA than with LAD stenoses. These observations indicate that a significantly smaller percent area of stenosis is critical in the RCA than in the LAD.
One phonemic representation should suffice
Authors: David W. Gow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The Merge model suggests that lexical effects in phonemic processing reflect the activation of post-lexical phonemic representations that are distinct from prelexical phonemic input representations. This distinction seems to be unmotivated; the phoneme fails to capture the richness of prelexical representation. Increasing the information content of input representations minimizes the potential necessity for top-down processes.
George Roland Freedman
Authors: John Charlewood
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne (b 1923; q Cambridge/Middlesex Hospital, London, 1946; MA, FRCGP), died from septicaemia on 7 July 2004.

Following national service Roland joined his father in general practice in Gosforth. He became heavily involved in the College of General Practitioners in its early days, and served as secretary, chairman, and finally provost of the local faculty board. He became one of the country's first undergraduate tutors in general practice, later one of the first GP trainers, and eventually a lecturer at Newcastle University. His particular expertise was in psychosexual medicine. Predeceased by his wife, he leaves three children and three grandchildren.
Could routine cardiotocography reduce long term cognitive impairment?
Authors: C. Dyson, T. Austin, C. Lees
Journal: BMJ (2011)

NICE recommends that continuous monitoring of the fetal heart with cardiotocography should be restricted to high risk deliveries. But <b>Charlotte Dyson</b>, <b>Topun Austin</b>, and<b> Christoph Lees</b> disagree
What's the big deal about T-wave inversion in athletes? A guide to clinical interpretation
Authors: Mathew G Wilson, François Carré
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The observation of T-wave inversion (TWI) on the resting 12-Lead ECG of an asymptomatic athlete is one of the most troublesome sports cardiology conundrums. TWI (except in leads aVR, III and V1, V1–V3 in young adolescent athletes (<16 years old) and in V1–V4 when preceded by domed ST segment in asymptomatic Afro-Caribbean athletes only) is rarely observed on the ECG of healthy athletes, whereas it is common in several cardiac diseases associated with sudden cardiac death. In 2011, we reported the case of an asymptomatic athlete with a family history of sudden death (unknown cause), presenting with deep TWI, who was provided with medical clearance for competitive sport due to lack of a definitive diagnosis of cardiac pathology.1 Three months after receiving clearance, however, the athlete had a transient loss of consciousness during exercise (training at his club) and was found to have a serious rhythm disturbance during intensive exercise on follow-up graded exercise testing. Consequently, the athlete was disqualified from all competitive sport.2

While sporting disqualification …
The great euthanasia debate
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1995)

“Beethoven. It's got to be Beethoven.”

“Beethoven?”

“More gooseberry fool, anyone? Simon?”

“Um. Delicious. But no thanks. … Yes, one of the late quartets. ‘It must be.’ Just the thing. Marvellous stuff. You know it, Barbara.”

“Of course I know it. But the point is mummy loathed Beethoven. She loathed all classical music. Except maybe the Warsaw concerto….So why don't we…”

“The Warsaw concerto?”

“It's what she'd want, Simon….She used to whistle it when she was weeding….”

“The Warsaw bloody concerto?”

“This is about her, Simon. Not about …
Novel, Ultraslow Inactivating Sodium Current in Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Victor A. Maltsev, Hani N. Sabbah, Robert S. D. Higgins, Norman Silverman, Michael Lesch, Albertas I. Undrovinas
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Alterations in K+ channel expression and gating are thought to be the major cause of action potential remodeling in heart failure (HF). We previously reported the existence of a late Na+ current (INaL) in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic HF, which suggested the importance of the Na+ channel in this remodeling process. The present study examined whether this INaL exists in cardiomyocytes isolated from normal and failing human hearts.A whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure ion currents in cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of explanted hearts from 10 patients with end-stage HF and from 3 normal hearts. We found INaL was activated at a membrane potential of -60 mV with maximum density (0.34+/-0.05 pA/pF) at -30 mV in cardiomyocytes of both normal and failing hearts. The steady-state availability was sigmoidal, with an averaged midpoint potential of -94+/-2 mV and a slope factor of 6.9+/-0.1 mV. The current was reversibly blocked by the Na+ channel blockers tetrodotoxin (IC50=1.5 micromol/L) and saxitoxin (IC50=98 nmol/L) in a dose-dependent manner. Both inactivation and reactivation of INaL had an ultraslow time course (tau approximately 0.6 seconds) and were independent of voltage. The amplitude of INaL was independent of the peak transient Na+ current.Cardiomyocytes isolated from normal and explanted failing human hearts express INaL characterized by an ultraslow voltage-independent inactivation and reactivation.
Like Attacker Probing Defenses, Cholera Threatens US Population From Elsewhere in This Hemisphere
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

FOR THE FIRST time in this century, the Western Hemisphere has been struck by epidemic cholera. See also pp 1320 and 1388. Twenty-eight cases have been reported so far in the United States. And authorities have been searching in recent days for those aboard a flight to Los Angeles, Calif, from South America that was followed by the death (from cholera) of one passenger and illness of 23 others. <h3>Latin America Hardest Hit</h3> However, in South and Central America, the toll has been devastating. By the beginning of this year, some 389813 cases and more than 3000 deaths had been reported from 15 countries. Peru, the first country to experience the epidemic, has been the hardest hit with more than 300 000 cases by early this year (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:909). "Every country in Central America has reported at least one case," says Robert Tauxe, MD, Enteric Diseases Division, Centers for Disease
Relations of Matrix Remodeling Biomarkers to Blood Pressure Progression and Incidence of Hypertension in the Community
Authors: Ravi Dhingra, Michael J. Pencina, Peter Schrader, Thomas J. Wang, Daniel Levy, Karol Pencina, Deborah A. Siwik, Wilson S. Colucci, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling are associated with prevalent hypertension in cross-sectional studies, but their relations to longitudinal changes in blood pressure (BP) and hypertension incidence are unknown.We evaluated 595 nonhypertensive Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 55 years; 360 women) without prior heart failure or myocardial infarction who underwent routine measurements of plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and procollagen III N-terminal peptide. We related plasma TIMP-1, procollagen III N-terminal peptide, and MMP-9 to the incidence of hypertension and progression of BP by >or=1 category (defined on the basis of the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure). On follow-up (4 years), 81 participants (51 women) developed hypertension, and 198 (114 women) progressed to a higher BP category. In multivariable models, a 1-SD increment of log-TIMP-1 was associated with a 50% higher incidence of hypertension (95% CI 1.08 to 2.08) and a 21% (95% CI 1.00 to 1.47) higher risk of BP progression. Individuals in the top TIMP-1 tertile had a 2.15-fold increased risk of hypertension (95% CI 0.99 to 4.68) and 1.68-fold (95% CI 1.05 to 2.70) increased risk of BP progression relative to the lowest tertile. Individuals with detectable MMP-9 had a 1.97-fold higher risk of BP progression (95% CI 1.06 to 3.64) than those with undetectable levels. Plasma procollagen III N-terminal peptide was not associated with hypertension incidence or BP progression.In the present community-based sample, higher TIMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations were associated with BP progression on follow-up. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Poor care in hospital is delaying discharge of patients with dementia, charity says
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

People with dementia are staying far longer in hospital than people being treated for the same illnesses or injuries who don’t have dementia, says a new report.

The Alzheimer’s Society, which published the report, also found that nearly half (47%) of carers said that being in hospital had a negative effect on the physical health of the person with dementia. More than half (54%) said that being in hospital had also made the person’s dementia worse. A third of those who are admitted to hospital are unable to return home afterwards and enter a care home instead.

The charity blames the longer stays on a lack of person centred care in hospitals, poor communication with patients, and …
The Medical Response to Nuclear War-Reply
Authors: Howard Waitzkin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We stand by the statements in our article. We noted that DDP has backed the federal government's plans for the Civilian Military Contingency Hospital System and the Crisis Relocation Plan. These proposals call for extensive medical preparations for nuclear war. The linkages of DDP to the national civil defense effort are clear from DDP's own published literature, which states that "DDP was first proposed by physicians attending a meeting of The American Civil Defense Association in Wichita, Kansas, on October 9, 1982."<sup>1</sup>We also noted that spokespersons for DDP have argued for a continuing arms buildup. Although individuals like Dr Orient sometimes try to distinguish their<i>individual</i>attitudes from DDP's official position, this distinction is seldom clear to the medical profession or the general public. The advocacy of new weapon systems by DDP officers and spokespersons has conveyed an unfortunate impression, sometimes appearing in medical publications,<sup>2</sup>
The philosopher DJ
Authors: Stephen Hartley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I failed all my A level exams the first time round, mainly because I had better things to do. I played guitar in a punk band, and I was busy playing gigs and making records.

Our first gig was at the local youth club. Our second was at Band on The Wall in Manchester, where the owner of a local record label offered to release a single for us. Punk had just smashed its way on to the music scene, and—as with all new and interesting music before and since—the disc jockey John Peel avidly championed it. He played our first single and gave us a session. Subsequently, he played our …
Congenital Malformations of the Heart Associated with Splenic Agenesis
Authors: ENID F. GILBERT, KINSUKE NISHIMURA, BERNICE G. WEDUM
Journal: Circulation (1958)

This paper presents a theory for the cause of congenital malformations of the heart and other structures associated with absence of the spleen. A colmplete review of the literature and the data of the authors' 5 cases lead to this proposal: a lethal factor, possibly the product of a faulty ovulation, specifically affects the germinal bed of the mesoblastic surface of the coelom at an ovulatory age of 24 to 28 days.
No more free lunches
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Free pens and pizza lunches. Sponsored conferences and compromised medical education. Courtesy golf and unaffordable holidays. Thought leaders and ghost writers. These are the trappings of doctors and drug companies being entwined in an embrace of avarice and excess, an embrace that distorts medical information and patient care. An article in this theme issue of the BMJ identifies 16 ways in which doctors are entangled with the drug industry.1 You can probably identify more. The issue explores the extent of this relationship, its effects on research, its influence on prescribing, and the consequences for patients. Our central argument is that doctors, drug companies, and most importantly patients would all benefit from greater distance between doctors and drug companies.
Expression of Mucin core protein of mammary type in primary liver cancer
Authors: Motoko Sasaki, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Expression of mucin core protein of mammary type (MUC-1 core protein) was investigated in primary hepatic carcinoma (25 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, 15 cases of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma and 18 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma) with monoclonal antibody DF3 and a standard avidinbiotin complex method. MUC-1 core protein was almost always expressed in cholangiocarcinoma and in the cholangiocarcinoma area of hepatocellular-cholangio-cellular carcinoma to a varied degree, whereas such expression was virtually absent in hepatocellular carcinoma and the hepatocellular carcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma. Nonneoplastic intrahepatic biliary epithelium, as well as hepatocytes, was virtually negative for this protein. In well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, this protein tended to be expressed on luminal surfaces, whereas poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma showed cell membranous or diffuse cytoplasmic staining patterns. Double staining with Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and immunostaining for MUC-1 core protein showed that although some parts of cancerous areas were positive for both stains, most cancerous areas were only positive for one. Alcian blue--positive areas were dominant over MUC-1 core protein--expressing areas in well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, whereas the reverse was the case in poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinomas and also in cholangiocarcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma. This study is the first report to document that cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma express MUC-1 core protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
VWF mutations and new sequence variations identified in healthy controls are more frequent in the African-American population
Authors: Daniel B. Bellissimo, Pamela A. Christopherson, Veronica H. Flood, Joan Cox Gill, Kenneth D. Friedman, Sandra L. Haberichter, Amy D. Shapiro, Thomas C. Abshire, Cindy Leissinger, W. Keith Hoots, Jeanne M. Lusher, Margaret V. Ragni, Robert R. Montgomery
Journal: Blood (2011)
Destabilization of the Postsynaptic Density by PSD-95 Serine 73 Phosphorylation Inhibits Spine Growth and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Pascal Steiner, Michael J. Higley, Weifeng Xu, Brian L. Czervionke, Robert C. Malenka, Bernardo L. Sabatini
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in a European setting. A multi-institutional report of a technique in development
Authors: S. Farhat, S. Chaussade, T. Ponchon, D. Coumaros, A. Charachon, T. Barrioz, S. Koch, P. Houcke, C. Cellier, D. Heresbach, V. Lepilliez, B. Napoleon, P. Bauret, E. Coron, M. Le Rhun, P. Bichard, E. Vaillant, A. Calazel, E. Bensoussan, S. Bellon, L. Mangialavori, F. Robin, F. Prat
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background and study aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technique for "en bloc" resection of superficial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In France, experience with this technique is still limited. We wanted to assess the development of ESD in France, with special attention to short term outcomes.
1085-170 Benefits of losartan on preventing stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension: A LIFE substudy
Authors: Sverre E Kjeldsen, Bjorn Dahlof, Richard B Devereux, Stevo Julius, Peter Aurup, Jonathan Edelman, Gareth Beevers, Ulf de Faire, Frej Fyhrquist, Hans Ibsen, Krister Kristianson, Ole Lederballe-Pedersen, Lars H Lindholm, Markku S Nieminen, Per Omvik, Suzanne Oparil, Steven M Snapinn, Hans Wedel, Paulette A Lyle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)