tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Free-Insulin Profiles After Intraperitoneal, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Insulin Administration
Authors: P Micossi, M Cristallo, M C Librenti, G Petrella, G Galimberti, M Melandri, L Monti, P Spotti, M Scavini, V Di Carlo, G Pozza
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The aim of our study was to compare the time course of plasma free-insulin appearance after injection of equal amounts of insulin into the peritoneal cavity above and below the transverse mesocolon, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously. Seven nondiabetic subjects undergoing cholecystectomy received in random sequence 0.2 IU/kg of insulin into the peritoneal cavity above or below the transverse mesocolon. Concentrations of plasma free insulin were compared with those obtained from seven other nondiabetic subjects after repeated injections of equal amounts of insulin intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Intraperitoneal insulin above the transverse mesocolon yielded a faster rise of free insulin, peaking at 15 min, whereas intraperitoneal insulin below the transverse mesocolon produced a somewhat slower rise, peaking at 30 min. The area under the curves between 0 and 15 min was greater after the injection above than below the transverse mesocolon (P &amp;lt; .05). Intramuscular and subcutaneous insulin injections resulted in a slower rise of plasma free insulin, peaking at 60 and 90 min, respectively. We conclude that the pattern of insulin appearance in the plasma resembles more closely physiologic events after intraperitoneal than after subcutaneous or intramuscular insulin administration.
The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States; Sex in America: A Definitive Survey
Authors: K. Wellings
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States , Edward O Lauman University of Chicago Press, pounds sterling39.95, pp 752 ISBN 0 226 46957 3

Sex in America: A Definitive Survey , Robert T Michael, John H Gagnon, Edward O Laumann, Gina Kolata Little, Brown, pounds sterling16.99, pp 288 ISBN 0 316 91191 7

The findings reported in these two books—one a weighty academic tome, the other a lighter version aimed at a lay readership—represent the latest addition to a growing body of research into human sexual behaviour, which has gained its impetus from the need for data to help predict and prevent further spread of HIV.

Yet even now, when AIDS has made sexual behaviour a necessary subject for scientific inquiry, there is still a good deal of nervousness about it. The history of the project that resulted in these books reads uncannily like that of the British survey. Planned by an academic team, it originally …
Abstract 2766: Targeting heat shock proteins: Novel strategies for treating prostate cancer
Authors: Remi M. Adelaiye, Leigh Ellis, Roberto Pili
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common form of cancer in men. Treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge, particularly for castrate resistant prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy such as androgen ablation often fails as cancer cells utilize alternative mechanisms for survival and eventually progress to castrate resistant PCa. Currently, understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying castrate resistant PCa development is limited. Strong evidence demonstrates that castrate resistant PCa continues to depend on androgen receptor signaling. Novel compounds targeting androgen receptor activity and androgen synthesis are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies; however alternate therapeutic approaches for castrate resistant PCa are needed. Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an abundant molecular chaperone and plays a crucial role in structural formation and folding of a variety of proteins including androgen receptor, Akt, and other oncogenic proteins. Inhibition of Hsp90 creates the potential to suppress tumor activity as enforced disassociation induces proteosomal degradation of Hsp90 client proteins. This study utilized four genetically defined murine PCa epithelial cell lines, MYC-CaP (AR+ amplified, Pten +), MYC-Cap css (Castrate resistant, AR= amplified, Pten+), Pten-CaP E2 (Androgen sensitive, AR+, Pten null), and Pten-CaP cE2 (Castrate resistant, AR+, Pten null) to investigate the cellular response to Hsp90 inhibition. Cells were exposed in vitro to NVP-AUY922, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor at increasing concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. Results demonstrated that AUY922 treatment induced reduction in overall growth in all cell lines, with Pten-CaP and castrate resistant Pten-CaP being more sensitive (IC50 = 10nM) than MYC-CaP and MYC-Cap css (IC50 = 25nM) cells. Inhibition of cell growth was also indicated by induced cell cycle arrest in all cell lines, though AUY922 treatment did not result in significant increase in cell membrane permeability. Overall, our preliminary data indicates that AUY922 exhibits strong anti-growth effects in PCa cell lines and warrants further investigation as a potential novel targeted therapy to treat advanced and castrate resistant PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2766. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2766
Student perceptions of the effectiveness of triads to learning in undergraduate sports therapy curriculum: an exploratory study
Authors: A Mooney, N Breeze
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Triads, a type of Peer Assisted Learning used in clinical education settings are documented in medical and health professions research, (Burke et al. MT 2007; 29 :577–82, Henning et al. JAT 2006, 41 :102–8). Considering the rise in sports medicine curricula in the UK this pedagogical strategy is largely uninvestigated. This exploratory study aims firstly to implement a new pedagogy and secondly to evaluate student learning potential using triads within an undergraduate curriculum from a UK perspective. 21 Year 2 BSc (Hons) Sports Therapy students at University of Worcester, England completed a questionnaire survey answered in retrospect of classes in Sports Massage and Exercise Therapy in academic year 09–10. A mixed-methods research design employed a survey which focused on understanding the dynamics present within this single setting (Eisenhardt, 2002, 5–35). A Cronbach coefficient of reliability score of 0.93 demonstrated consistency of student responses. Highest mode values of 5 reveal that triad members learned effectively in the student-therapist role by working in a more focused environment and anticipating feedback; in the student-client role, by experiencing techniques and sample viva voce questions asked; in the student-examiner role by using the mark-sheet and gaining understanding of skills assessed and marks awarded in final exams. These findings are akin to positive qualitative comments towards group work and transparency of assessment procedures. Lowest mode values of 3 highlight how students did not learn effectively by answering questions on the spot and delivering a program without rehearsal. These results are reminiscent of comments on feeling nervous, unprepared and under peer pressure. Student responses suggest merits in the implementation of triads. Continuing research engaging more institutions in UK and global contexts could facilitate questionnaire validation, comparative studies and potential internationalisation of curricula.
Perceptions by Family Members of the Dying Experience of Older and Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: Joanne Lynn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Alleviating the problems faced by dying persons and their families has drawn substantial public attention, but little is known about the experience of dying. Objective: To characterize the experience of dying from the perspective of surrogate decision makers, usually close family members (89%). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Five teaching hospitals. Patients: Persons who had one of nine serious medical conditions or were 80 years of age or older who died and for whom a surrogate decision maker completed an interview about the death. Measurements: Medical records were reviewed and surrogate decision makers were interviewed. Results: 4124 of 9105 seriously ill patients died (46%); 408 of 1176 elderly patients died (35%). The patients' family members were interviewed after 3357 persons (73%) had died. Of 1541 patients who survived the enrollment hospitalization, 46% died during a later hospitalization. In the last 3 days of life, 55% of patients were conscious.Among these patients, pain, dyspnea, and fatigue were prevalent. Four in 10 patients had severe pain most of the time. Severe fatigue affected almost 8 in 10 patients. More than 1 in 4 patients had moderate dysphoria. Sixty-three percent of patients had difficulty tolerating physical or emotional symptoms. Overall, 11% of patients had a final resuscitation attempt.A ventilator was used in one fourth of patients, and a feeding tube was used in four tenths of patients. Most patients (59%) were reported to prefer a treatment plan that focused on comfort, but care was reported to be contrary to the preferred approach in 10% of cases. Conclusions: Most elderly and seriously ill patients died in acute care hospitals. Pain and other symptoms were commonplace and troubling to patients. Family members believed that patients preferred comfort, but life-sustaining treatments were often used. These findings indicate important opportunities to improve the care of dying patients.
Hormonal Markers and Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study Among Men
Authors: M.-W. Yu, Y.-C. Yang, S.-Y. Yang, S.-W. Cheng, Y.-F. Liaw, S.-M. Lin, C.-J. Chen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is higher in men than in women. We examined whether endogenous sex hormone levels or hormone-related factors might affect the risk of HCC in men. Methods: Baseline blood samples were collected from 4841 male Taiwanese HBV carriers without diagnosed HCC from 1988 through 1992. Plasma testosterone and estradiol levels and genetic polymorphisms in the hormone-related factors cytochrome P450c17α (CYP17, A1 versus A2 alleles), steroid 5α-reductase type II (SRD5A2, valine [V] versus leucine [L] alleles), and androgen receptor (AR, number of CAG repeats) were assayed among 119 case patients who were diagnosed with HCC during 12 years of follow-up and 238 control subjects. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The risk of HCC increased with increasing concentrations of testosterone (odds ratio [OR]highest versus lowest tertile = 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54 to 5.70; Ptrend <.001) and with increasing number of the V allele of the SRD5A2 V89L polymorphism (ORVV versus LL genotype = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.21 to 5.03; Ptrend = .011). Fewer AR gene CAG repeats (<23 repeats) were associated with a 1.64-fold (95% CI = 1.00 to 2.68) increased risk of HCC. Although the CYP17 genotype alone did not increase the risk of HCC, there was evidence of a gene–gene interaction, because the CYP17 A1 allele statistically significantly increased the risk of HCC in the presence of fewer AR gene CAG repeats (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.06 to 5.94). We found a similar interaction between the SRD5A2 VV genotype and fewer AR gene CAG repeats (OR = 5.58; 95% CI = 1.86 to 16.71). Body mass index (BMI) modified the association of HCC with testosterone and SRD5A2 genotype; in men with low BMI, multivariate-adjusted ORs for the highest tertile of testosterone versus the lowest and the SRD5A2 VV genotype versus the LL genotype were 7.63 (95% CI = 2.13 to 27.27) and 8.64 (95% CI = 2.75 to 27.14), respectively. No clear associations were found between estradiol or testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and HCC. Conclusions: Pathways involving androgen signaling may affect the risk of HBV-related HCC among men.
Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine
Authors: Arunabha Ganguly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters3 August 1999Alternative Views on Alternative MedicineArunabha Ganguly, MDArunabha Ganguly, MDJames A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Tampa, FL 33612(Ganguly)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kaptchuk and Eisenberg's article on alternative medicine (1) and Davidoff's accompanying editorial (2) were very well-written. It is puzzling that droves of people are seeking alternative medicine when standard or scientific medicine now provides the most solutions for medical problems and has significantly extended lives and improved quality of life. Through advances in surgical and medical therapies, miracles have become everyday events. Those of us who are informed should be euphoric and have sound reasons to celebrate these achievements. Yet, what we are seemingly witnessing is a steady erosion of faith in the scientific foundation of medicine ...References1. Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. The persuasive appeal of alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1061-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Davidoff F. Weighing the alternatives: lessons from the paradoxes of alternative medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1068-70. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arunabha Ganguly, MDAffiliations: James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Tampa, FL 33612(Ganguly) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Persuasive Appeal of Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Edzard Ernst Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Charles M. Bagley Jr. Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Allen F. Shaughnessy More on Alternative Medicine Michael J. Sergeant More on Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk Metrics Cited byMore on Alternative MedicineMichael J. Sergeant, MD 3 August 1999Volume 131, Issue 3Page: 229-230KeywordsBehaviorMotivationQuality of life ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 3 August 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Screening for allergic respiratory disease in the general population with the ADVIA Centaur<sup>®</sup> Allergy Screen Assay
Authors: A. Linneberg, L. L. N. Husemoen, N. H. Nielsen, F. Madsen, L. Frølund, N. Johansen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: In patients in whom the clinical indication for immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergic respiratory disease is weak, a single qualitative multiallergen‐screening assay for IgE antibody to multiple allergen specificities may support the absence of IgE‐mediated allergic respiratory disease. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of a new multiallergen‐screening assay in relation to skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and objective diagnoses of allergic respiratory disease in a general population setting. Methods: A total of 709 participants in a population‐based study were examined by questionnaire and SPT. Serum was analysed by using a multiallergen‐screening assay: the ADVIA Centaur ® Allergy Screen (AS) assay. The dichotomized result of the AS assay was compared with SPT reactivity, specific IgE positivity, and a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma defined by the presence of relevant symptoms and positive SPTs. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the AS against SPT reactivity were 86%, 96%, 94%, and 89%, respectively. A negative AS assay test was able to exclude allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma with a probability of more than 96% and 98% (NPV), respectively. The AS assay was able to identify more than 92% and 92% (sensitivity) of cases of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, respectively. Conclusions: The AS assay proved to be a valid measure of allergic respiratory disease and may be used as a screening tool to rule out allergic respiratory disease, and as an objective measure of allergic respiratory disease in epidemiological studies.
"Doctoring" Doctors and Their Families
Authors: Stuart A. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Being selected to provide medical care to other physicians or their family members represents not only a gratifying professional recognition of competence by one's peers but also a challenge. Many personal and psychological factors may influence the medical care of physicians. Ill physicians may have difficulty with role reversal and "the VIP syndrome," while treating physicians may have to deal with their own anxiety and issues such as confidentiality, privacy, empathy, and intrusion by a physician-relative into the care of medical family members. Based on experience with more than 200 physician-patients and many adult family members of physicians, suggestions are offered for care of these patient groups.
Innate Host Defense Requires TFEB-Mediated Transcription of Cytoprotective and Antimicrobial Genes
Authors: Orane Visvikis, Nnamdi Ihuegbu, Sid A. Labed, Lyly G. Luhachack, Anna-Maria F. Alves, Amanda C. Wollenberg, Lynda M. Stuart, Gary D. Stormo, Javier E. Irazoqui
Journal: Immunity (2014)
The Year Book of Nuclear Medicine 1980
Authors: Manuel L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The<i>Year Book of Nuclear Medicine 1980</i>provides a quality review of the current literature in the field of nuclear medicine. This is accomplished by a careful culling and abstracting of the major technical and clinical articles. The contents are divided among the main clinical topics with the additional sections "Radiation Physics and Instrumentation," "Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacy," and "Health Physics and Radiation Biology." Articles on similar topics follow one another, allowing the reader to compare disparate results or to view the accumulation of clinical data so important in diagnosis, when applying interpretive criteria to current cases. James L. Quinn III, MD, has edited the<i>Year Book of Nuclear Medicine</i>since its inception in 1966. He adds an important ingredient to the success of the<i>Year Book</i>with his brief and often entertaining editorial comments. The scope and historical perspective that Dr Quinn brings to the<i>Year Book</i>are perhaps best
Leukaemia in Cambuslang
Authors: FredaE. Alexander, RaymondA. Cartwright, PatriciaA. McKinney, D. Wilkie, DavidJ. Hole, DouglasW. Lamont, RobertT. Brogan, BrendaE. Gibson, MaureenM. Gray, CharlesR. Gillis
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Structure-Function Analysis of the Human JC Polyomavirus Establishes the LSTc Pentasaccharide as a Functional Receptor Motif
Authors: Ursula Neu, Melissa S. Maginnis, Angelina S. Palma, Luisa J. Ströh, Christian D.S. Nelson, Ten Feizi, Walter J. Atwood, Thilo Stehle
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Frequency Response of the Renal Vasculature in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gerald F. DiBona, Linda L. Sawin
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation is greater in congestive heart failure (CHF) rats than in control rats. This study tested the hypothesis that the enhanced renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation in CHF is a result of an impairment in the low-pass filter function of the renal vasculature.In response to conventional graded-frequency renal nerve stimulation, the reductions in renal blood flow at each stimulation frequency were greater in CHF rats than control rats. A pseudorandom binary sequence pattern of renal nerve stimulation was used to examine the frequency response of the renal vasculature. Although this did not affect the renal blood flow power spectrum in control rats, there was a 10-fold increase in renal blood flow power over the frequency range of 0.01 to 1.0 Hz in CHF rats. On analysis of transfer function gain, attenuation of the renal nerve stimulation input signal was similar in control and CHF rats over the frequency range of 0.001 to 0.1 Hz. However, over the frequency range of 0.1 to 1.0 Hz, although there was progressive attenuation of the input signal (-30 to -70 dB) in control rats, CHF rats exhibited a flat gain response (-20 dB) without progressive attenuation.The enhanced renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation in CHF rats is caused by an alteration in the low-pass filter function of the renal vasculature, resulting in a greater transfer of input signals into renal blood flow in the 0.1 to 1.0 Hz range.
A Method for Securing a Drainage Tube
Authors: John Burke
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  The problem of securing a drainage tube is old, and many methods have been developed to prevent the accidental displacement of the tube by the patient or during change of dressing. Whether the tube is used for simple drainage, or as a choledochostomy, cecostomy, etc, is of minor significance.  The method to be described is simple, and, in the hands of the author and many of his colleagues, has been quite satisfactory. I first saw it used by Walzel, and there is a brief description of it in his book, Die Technik der Eingriffe Am Gallensystem . 1 It is possible that many surgeons are familiar with the method but, so far as I know, it has not been described in the literature except as noted previously.  The drainage or -ostomy tube is placed in its desired location and a cuff 1/4 to 1/2 in. long is cut
Benefits of early invasive treatment for acute coronary syndromes: lost in translation?
Authors: Lee Green
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I n this issue (p 166) the GRACE investigators report a prospective cohort study comparing the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS)—unstable angina or myocardial infarction with or without ST-segment elevation—admitted initially to hospitals with and without cardiac catheterization facilities. Their findings challenge us to think more deeply about how we interpret the results of recent clinical trials and translate them into practice.

Quantitative reviews1,2 of nearly two dozen clinical trials have compared primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to thrombolytic therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and established that patients randomized to primary PCI had fewer deaths, subsequent nonfatal MIs, and hemorrhagic strokes, both in short-term (4-6 week) and long-term (6-18 month) follow-up. Early PCI is increasingly being favored for non-ST-elevation MI and unstable angina as well.3 Several studies have shown that the benefit of primary PCI can be realized even when the patient is admitted to a hospital without the capability of PCI and must be …
Hong Kong schoolchildren get training to detect dementia in elderly relatives
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Hong Kong schoolchildren have been trained to spot the signs of dementia in their elderly relatives in a novel project that organisers say could be used in other countries that lack an integrated primary care system.

By identifying people with early dementia the project aimed to help families prepare better for what is ahead, identify those in need of social support, and educate young people about the disease. The prevalence of dementia is set to rise in Hong Kong as its population ages: by 2036 one in four people in the territory will be aged 65 or older.

The project was conducted in Tai Po, a New Territories district with 300 000 inhabitants, of whom more than …