tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deletion, Methylation, and Expression of the <i>NKX3.1</i> Suppressor Gene in Primary Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ekatherine Asatiani, Wen-Xin Huang, Antai Wang, Elizabeth Rodriguez Ortner, Luciane R. Cavalli, Bassem R. Haddad, Edward P. Gelmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeoprotein and tumor suppressor that is affected by the loss of 8p21 in prostate cancer. In mice, Nkx3.1 haploinsufficiency results in prostatic dysplasia and complements cancer formation induced by loss of other suppressor genes. However, NKX3.1 expression can be immunohistochemically detected in most primary prostate cancers. We examined the relationship between suppressor gene haploinsufficiency, methylation, and quantitative NKX3.1 expression levels in primary prostate cancer. NKX3.1 gene copy number was assessed by microsatellite analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR. NKX3.1 gene methylation was determined in prostate cancer cell lines and we thereby identified potential CpG methylation sites for methylation-specific PCR analysis in tissues. We validated and then applied an internally controlled fluorescence immunomicroscopic assay for NKX3.1 protein expression in 48 primary prostate cancer specimens from radical prostatectomies. NKX3.1 loss of heterozygosity was found in 27 of 43 tissues tested. Classic CpG island methylation of the NKX3.1 gene was not found in either prostate cancer cell lines or tissues. However, in 33 of 40 samples tested, CpG sites at −921, −903, and −47 were methylated to a greater degree in malignant than in adjacent normal cells. In 43 of 48 samples, NKX3.1 protein expression was reduced from 0.34 to 0.90 compared with adjacent normal luminal epithelium (mean of all samples, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.05). In 12 cases that also had high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, NKX3.1 expression levels were similar in preinvasive and invasive cancer cells and significantly lower than adjacent normal cells. Even in the presence of allelic loss, NKX3.1 expression is reduced over a wide range in prostate cancer at the time of prostatectomy, suggesting that diverse factors influence expression. Samples with protein expression below the median level in cancer cells had both NKX3.1 deletion and selective CpG methylation.
OPEN TREATMENT OF SUPPURATION OF THE KNEE-JOINT.
Authors: W. J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In the January, 1895, issue of the<i>Annals of Surgery</i>, Dr. C. H. Mayo reported a case of acute suppuration of the knee-joint, which he had treated July 30, 1894, by a transverse incision across the front of the joint in the same manner as for excision. This enables the surgeon to get at every part of the joint, converting its many recesses into a simple open cavity. The result of the operation is astonishing. In a few hours a patient in whom an amputation seemed to be the only hope is on the road to recovery; such a procedure gives all the benefits of the mutilating operation without shock or injury to important structures. It must be understood that this method of treatment is for the more advanced cases after the usual measures have been exhausted and amputation appears to be necessary. In most instances the capsule has been
Mucinous Ductal Ectasia: Cholangiopancreatographic and Endoscopic Findings
Authors: I. Raijman, P. Kortan, D. Walden, G. Kandel, N. E. Marcon, G. B. Haber
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Mucinous ductal ectasia (MDE) is an uncommon disease characterized by a patulous duodenal papilla extruding mucus, and a pancreatogram showing dilation with amorphous filling defects, communication of the mass with the pancreatic duct, the mass usually being located in the head of the pancreas. We have recently treated three men and three women, mean age 66 years, with MDE. All had abdominal pain, while 33 % had the clinical picture of pancreatic insufficiency. Three patients had recurrent pancreatitis, and three had biliary obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and imaging studies showed a patulous papilla draining mucus in six, pancreatic duct dilation in six, filling defects in six, and communication between the cystic mass and the pancreatic duct in five. A distinct finding not previously reported was a separate pancreatic and biliary orifice in two. Three patients had cancer, two cases being metastatic and one being found at surgery (not suspected preoperatively). Therapy included endoscopic biliary drainage in two, surgery in three, while one refused surgery. Of the operated patients, two underwent resection, one of whom had benign disease and the other cancer; both patients are doing well 14 and 32 months after surgery, respectively. One patient underwent pancreatojejunostomy without symptomatic relief, and developed cholangitis 18 months after surgery that was successfully treated with endoscopic drainage. The other two patients treated with biliary drainage died one and 13 months later, respectively. We conclude that MDE has characteristic pancreatographic and endoscopic findings, and that it is commonly associated with malignant degeneration. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, since MDE is premalignant, and surgery may be curative when the malignancy is resectable.
Horizons in Medicine (Number 13)
Authors: V Adhiyaman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Horizons in Medicine (number 13), a collection of papers presented at the Advanced Medical Conference in 2001 at the Royal College of Physicians, is an excellent source of information on a wide range of subjects. The 35 chapters range from molecular biology to pathogenesis, and clinical problems common to uncommon. They are concise and clear, and many have good illustrations. For those who like a challenge there are multiple-choice questions (with answers of course) at the end of every chapter. I particularly liked the review on evidence-based treatment of hypertension, focusing on differences—or rather lack of difference—between newer and older drugs. In other sources this kind of information often gets submerged. Other evidence-based reviews of interest to the generalist are those on antihypertensive therapy in diabetes, beta-blockers in heart failure, management of unstable angina and falls in the elderly. This book also contains items on Gulf war syndrome, failed cardiac death (basically this means successful resuscitation) and management of cystic fibrosis. The facts on antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus will worry anyone in hospital medicine. Insights into new developments in medicine are found in: advances in inflammatory bowel disease, progression of chronic renal failure, new insulin therapy, portal hypertension and management of airway inflammation.

For a clinician, there is always a temptation to confine reading to day-to-day practice and ignore the rest. Horizons in Medicine contains the sort of information clinicians in all specialties require for their continuing professional development and revalidation.
Epidemiologic Relationships Between A1C and All-Cause Mortality During a Median 3.4-Year Follow-up of Glycemic Treatment in the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Matthew C. Riddle, Walter T. Ambrosius, David J. Brillon, John B. Buse, Robert P. Byington, Robert M. Cohen, David C. Goff, Saul Malozowski, Karen L. Margolis, Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Adrian Schnall, Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Randomized treatment comparing an intensive glycemic treatment strategy with a standard strategy in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial was ended early because of an unexpected excess of mortality in the intensive arm. As part of ongoing post hoc analyses of potential mechanisms for this finding, we explored whether on-treatment A1C itself had an independent relationship with mortality.
Tackling a double career
Authors: Karen Hebert
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Brendan Venter</b> is a name well known to rugby fans. He has 17 caps as a Springbok rugby player, representing South Africa between 1994 and 1999. More recently he has been both a player and the coach at London Irish rugby club. What many fans might not know is that this Johannesburg born 33 year old is also a qualified doctor. <b>Karen Hebert</b> finds out more
VALIDATION OF INFARCT CHARACTERIZATION IN A PORCINE ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY MODEL
Authors: Kaori Nakagawa, Fumiaki Ikeno, Yuka Matsuura, Jennifer Lyons, Patricia Nguyen, Joseph Wu, Alan C. Yeung, Phillip C. Yang, Rajesh Dash
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CORPUS LUTEUM HORMONE
Authors: GEORGE W. CORNER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>FUNCTION OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM</h3> Speaking broadly, the endocrine function of the corpus luteum is now well understood. The gland is a part of the mechanism of pregnancy. When an ovum begins its journey through the fallopian tube, the follicle from which it took origin gives place to the corpus luteum, and this organ thereupon delivers into the blood stream a substance, progesterone, that has the property of causing extensive development of the endometrium, preparing the uterus for the reception and nutrition of the embryo. <h3>Action on the Uterine Mucosa.—</h3> The action of the corpus luteum on the uterus is best known in the rabbit, because that species especially has been used for experiments with progesterone. About two days after the formation of the corpora lutea or after the beginning of a course of treatment with progesterone, rapid cell division begins in the epithelium, resulting in a downgrowth of
Plasma interleukin-6 adds prognostic information in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gustavo A. Heresi, Metin Aytekin, Jeffrey P. Hammel, Sihe Wang, Soumya Chatterjee, Raed A. Dweik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Noninvasive biomarkers are needed to aid in making challenging clinical decisions in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Several biomarkers have been described, but only the natriuretic peptides have gained clinical utility. A key question to answer is whether or not a new biomarker adds independent incremental information [1]. Novel PAH markers may be discovered from new pathobiological pathways, such as inflammation. In particular, interleukin (IL)-6 has been linked with the development of severe pulmonary hypertension in animal models, mimicking the pathology of human disease [2]. IL-6 is a major regulator of the production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of cardiovascular risk [3]. We conducted this study to determine if these inflammatory biomarkers add incremental prognostic information in PAH.

This is a cohort study based on a prospective Biobank. We enrolled patients with idiopathic, heritable, connective tissue-associated and congenital heart disease-associated PAH, as defined by current guidelines [4], between March 2005 and June 2011. The study was approved by the Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board. We used ELISA (RD Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA) Peripheral plasma samples were kept at -80°C until retrieved for the measurement of the biomarkers (September 2011 for hsCRP and BNP, and February 2012 for IL-6). Investigators who performed the biomarker determination were blinded to the study participants’ outcomes.

All-cause mortality since the date of study blood sampling was ascertained via manual and automated …
BAXTER'S PORTABLE STEAM STERILIZER FOR INSTRUMENTS AND DRESSINGS.
Authors: G. A. BAXTER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Plate 1.</h3> —<i>A</i>, The complete package closed, showing outside telescopic case 15½ inches long, 8½ inches broad, and, when closed, 6 inches high. The case here shown is made of wood-pulp but may be made of canvas or leather. The telescopic character of the case allows other articles to be carried in it if desired, such as a Kelly rubber pad or an operating gown. <h3>Plate 2.</h3> —Steam chest for instruments and dressings with water-box attached by the handles of the latter to steam chest, ready for outside case. <h3>Plate 3.</h3> —Steam chest open and on its side, looking into its interior; large hole in bottom for entrance of steam, into which elevated flange on top of water-box fits; small hole in top of steam chest for escape of steam. The large hole below and the small one above gives a lateral distribution of the steam and considerable pressure.
790-5 Prognostic Significance of Different Patterns of Precordial ST Segment Depression in Inferior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yochai Birnbaum, Izhak Herz, Samuel Sclarovsky, Bruria Zlotikamien, Angela Chetrit, Gabriel Barbash
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A CEREBELLAR DISORDER IN CHICKS, APPARENTLY OF NUTRITIONAL ORIGIN
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Marianne Goettsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Growing chicks maintained on a diet consisting of milk powder, casein, starch, yeast, cod liver oil, salts and filter paper develop ataxia, tremors, retraction or twisting of the head, clonic spasms of the legs, and stupor. These symptoms may appear suddenly, usually between the 18th and 25th day, and may end in death. If recovery takes place, the chicks may go on to normal development. Definite lesions are found in the cerebellum of the affected chicks. These consist of edema, necrosis and hemorrhages. Hyaline thrombi are found in the capillaries in and about the degenerated areas.
Angiotensin inhibition and atrial natriuretic peptide release after acute volume expansion in rats with aortocaval shunt
Authors: Roland Willenbrock, Michaela Scheuermann, Gaetan Thibault, Markus Haass, Klaus Höhnel, Jürgen Bohlender, Friedrich C. Luft, Rainer Dietz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

In heart failure atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release in response to volume expansion is impaired while the renin-angiotensin system is activated. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ANP release in heart failure is dependent on an activated angiotensin system.We studied the ANP and renin-angiotensin systems in a rat model of shunt-induced high-output heart failure, in which we rapidly increased circulating fluid volume with a 5 ml, hyperoncotic infusion, and evaluated the effects of acute inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme as well as of the blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 receptors on the ANP release and on renal excretory function.ANP and angiotensin II plasma concentrations prior to volume expansion were elevated (p < 0.05) in rats with aortocaval shunt compared to controls. The diuretic response to acute volume expansion (18.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 48.2 +/- 2.4 microliters/min, p < 0.001) was markedly blunted. ANP release was attenuated in rats with aortocaval shunt, as was the increase of its second messenger cGMP in plasma and urine. The blunted increase in ANP plasma levels was not due to depleted cardiac stores as cardiac ANP content, as well as ANP synthesis, were increased (p < 0.05). Acute inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme as well as blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 receptors restored ANP release in response to volume expansion (p < 0.01). Moreover, acute inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system completely normalized the diuretic response.Our data suggest that the ANP system is impaired in rats with aortocaval shunt. The activation of the angiotensin system contributes to the impairment of the ANP system. Acute inhibition of the angiotensin II system significantly improved the ability of the ANP system to respond to acute volume expansion. Our findings indicate a hitherto fore unappreciated interaction between both systems and suggest additional mechanisms for the beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in heart failure.
Distribution patterns of cytoplasmic microtubules in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: K. DANNO, M. TAKIGAWA, K. IKAI, S. IMAMURA, Y. KITANO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The distribution of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured guinea-pig keratinocytes was investigated using immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy with monospecific anti-tubulin antibodies and electron microscopy (EM). In culture, adherent cells displayed networks of thin fluorescent fibres, while a homogeneous and/or granular cytoplasmic IF was shown in the cells of upper layers as well as in trypsinized cells. By EM many microtubules were shown in adherent cells but there were fewer or none in the upper layers. An increase in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration and the addition of an ionophore (X537A) to the culture medium caused disassembly of microtubules. This effect was cancelled by a calmodulin inhibitor. Cryostat sections of normal human and guinea-pig epidermis stained with anti-tubulin antibodies showed a homogeneous and/or granular cytoplasmic IF from basal to granular layers but no detectable IF was seen in the horny layer. These results suggest that keratinocytes contain a cellular pool of tubulin in various states of polymerization and that microtubule disassembly may occur during differentiation, probably being regulated by Ca2+-calmodulin complexes.
Marihuana, Alcohol and Public Policy
Authors: Henry Wechsler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

"Many who are normally law-abiding are led to an attitude hostile to this statute by a feeling that repression and interference with private conduct are carried too far."That conclusion could well have been included in the recent report of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse headed by former Governor Raymond P. Schaffer.1 But actually it was part of another report issued 41 years ago by another commission, this one headed by furmer United States Attorney General George W. Wickersham, to investigate the functioning of the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act.2 Comparisons are frequently made between . . .
REACTIONS OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TO THE INJECTION OF PURIFIED TYPE SPECIFIC PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDES 1
Authors: Maxwell Finland, John W. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

By subjecting pneumococcus filtrates to ultra- filtration followed by repeated fractional precipi- tation with alcohol, Wadsworth and Brown (1) have obtained good yields of type-specific and species-specific polysaccharides in a relatively high state of purification.This report deals with the local reactions and the type-specific antibody response of non-pneumonic human subjects to in- jections of specific polysaccharides of Types I, IV, V, VII, and XIV pneumococci prepared by this method.
SCHOOLS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR RECONSTRUCTION AIDES AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
Authors: Hugo Ad. Oldenborg
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The tendency in medicine is toward more activities for prophylaxis and hygiene. When one talks to members of the exemption boards he finds that they believe many of the rejections for heart disease and frequently for tuberculosis would have been avoided if the men had received proper hygienic attention, particularly of the mouth, in childhood. Hygiene, however, concerns not only the mouth, but also the whole body and is an important feature in the physical education of children. The war has brought to our attention more strongly the importance of good physical development of the men of draft age. We cannot have strong young men, however, unless they are properly developed during childhood and youth. The serious consideration of this question is of such national importance, and concerns the work of the medical profession so closely, that the American Medical Association should assert itself in its solution.
Case finding in the elderly: do general practitioners really know enough?
Authors: A. Cartwright, C. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1989)

significance.In a recent study urinary tract abnormalities were found in 47% of children investigated as a result of this finding.'Dr Smyth and her colleagues ask for an agreed common approach to the investigation and management of urinary tract infection in children.Until studies of the different investigation protocols are completed, and in view of the variable facilities available, an approach is unlikely to be agreed.It is paramount, however, that recurrent or persistent infection should be promptly detected and appropriately acted upon.I have recently attempted to set out protocols, both for general practitioners and for paediatricians, which, provided that good microbiological facilities are available, may be used to determine pathways of investigation and management appropriate to the individual child.4
Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World
Authors: Robert A. Swerlick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters3 February 2009Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary WorldRobert A. Swerlick, MDRobert A. Swerlick, MDFrom Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Vickers and colleagues (1) identify problems with the use of a binary approach to the diagnosis of disease. They are to be lauded for their attempt to change how we view the act of diagnosis. However, the authors need to make a distinction between having disease and having a risk factor for disease. A disease state implies existence of symptoms or functional impairment. Diagnosis in this context is useful because it not only can predict the development of further symptoms or impairment but can also help indicate appropriate treatment and predict response to ...Reference1. Vickers AJ, Basch E, Kattan MW. Against diagnosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:200-3. [PMID: 18678847] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAgainst Diagnosis Andrew J. Vickers , Ethan Basch , and Michael W. Kattan Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Andrew J. Vickers , Ethan Basch , and Michael Kattan Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Jeremy L. Warner Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Benjamin Djulbegovic Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Gregory Patrick Metrics 3 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 3Page: 223KeywordsConflicts of interestForecastingMedical risk factors ePublished: 3 February 2009 Issue Published: 3 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Authors: S J Jachuck, P S Ramani, F Clark, R M Kalbag
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Serial electrocardiographic (E.C.G.) recordings were taken in seven patients suffering from intracranial conditions, for which their intracranial pressure was directly and continuously monitored with a Konigsberg extradural transducer. The E.C.G. changes observed in patients with raised intracranial pressure were prominent U waves, ST-T segment changes, notched T waves, and shortening and prolongation of Q-T intervals. Two patients with normal intracranial pressure showed no E.C.G. abnormalities but also establish a relationship between E.C.G. abnormalities and changing intracranial pressure.
Association of low adiponectin levels with the metabolic syndrome—the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-4)
Authors: Viswanathan Mohan, Raj Deepa, Rajendra Pradeepa, Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran, Anjana Mohan, Kaliaperunal Velmurugan, Venkatesan Radha
Journal: Metabolism (2005)