tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unconscious motivation and phenomenal knowledge: Toward a comprehensive theory of implicit mental states
Authors: Robert F. Bornstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

A comprehensive theory of implicit and explicit knowledge must explain phenomenal knowledge (e.g., knowledge regarding one's affective and motivational states), as well as propositional (i.e., “fact”-based) knowledge. Findings from several research areas (i.e., the subliminal mere exposure effect, artificial grammar learning, implicit and self-attributed dependency needs) are used to illustrate the importance of both phenomenal and propositional knowledge for a unified theory of implicit and explicit mental states.
Polylactic acid fibre-reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Vincenzo Guarino, Filippo Causa, Paola Taddei, Michele di Foggia, Gabriela Ciapetti, Desirèe Martini, Concezio Fagnano, Nicola Baldini, Luigi Ambrosio
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
A decade of alcoholism research; a review of the research activities of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, 1951-1961.
Authors: Harold E. Himwich
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The occasion for this small, but very valuable, volume was the advent of the second decade of operation of the Alcoholism Research Foundation of Ontario, who desired to review the work of the previous decade before taking all of drug addiction into their field of research. At first, the main emphasis in their research was in the field of biological sciences; however, this has been extended until other disciplines are also well represented, including treatment and other clinical aspects of the problem, as well as sociological, biostatistical, ecological, and psychological features. This Foundation gained an additional dimension in research by awarding extramural grants. Such an arrangement has been a great aid in the change from the original, largely exploratory stage of research, and the replacement of it with a more precise sense of an over-all direction. Because of the limitation of space here, the reader is referred to the book
Regional Differences in Transient Outward Current Density and Inhomogeneities of Repolarization in Rabbit Right Atrium
Authors: Takeshi Yamashita, Toshiaki Nakajima, Hisanori Hazama, Eiji Hamada, Yuji Murakawa, Kouhei Sawada, Masao Omata
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Recent experimental and clinical studies on atrial flutter have demonstrated that the crista terminalis (CT) plays an important role in the genesis of atrial reentry. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of its role, we characterized the electrophysiological repolarization properties of CT cells by comparing them with those of the pectinate muscles (PM).After action potential properties of both regions were compared by conventional microelectrode technique in multicellular atrial tissues, the whole-cell clamp experiments were applied in atrial cells isolated from both regions. Action potential duration (APD) was more prolonged in CT than in PM in multicellular preparations (APD90 77 +/- 5 ms versus 52 +/- 8 ms at 1 Hz, P < .01), though the other properties did not differ significantly. Similarly, in isolated atrial cells, APD was more prolonged in CT cells than in PM cells (APD90 63 +/- 7 ms versus 41 +/- 6 ms at 0.1 Hz, P < .01). Isolated single cells were larger in CT than in PM. The whole-cell clamp recordings showed no definite distinctions in the density of the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current and the inwardly rectifying K+ current between these cells but revealed a significant reduction of the density of the 4-aminopyridine-sensitive transient outward current (Ito) in CT cells compared with that in PM cells (6.3 +/- 0.7 pA/pF versus 10.3 +/- 0.8 pA/pF at +20 mV, P < .05). However, no differences in the kinetics or the voltage dependence of Ito were observed between the cells. The time course of recovery from inactivation of Ito was also similar in both types of cells.These results suggest that the preferential reduction in the density of Ito in the CT cells could contribute to prolong their APD, which may be related to the genesis of atrial reentry.
UK team hopes to create a human embryo from three donors
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the body that regulates human embryo research in the United Kingdom, has granted a licence to a group at the University of Newcastle to conduct research involving the development of human embryos with genetic material originating from three donors.

The research is designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases—hereditary disorders that can seriously impair the brain and other organs and muscles. It will make use of the fact that mitochondria have their own DNA which is inherited only …
Abnormal Tc-99m MDP Accumulation in a Pyelocaliceal Diverticulum
Authors: SAULE KARANAUSKAS, ROBERT G. WELLS, JOHN R. STY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Pyelocaliceal diverticulum is a rare abnormality that is usually found accidentally, as in this case, where a bone scan was performed as part of the evaluation for metastic disease. As Tc-99m MDP is excreted by the kidneys, tracer will accumulate in renal collecting system abnormalities, such as pyelocaliceal diverticulum. It is important that tracer accumulation in this lesion not be mistaken for more significant pathology. A case is presented in which focal accumulation of Tc-99m MDP within a pyelocaliceal diverticulum mimicked a rib lesion.
Relevance of increased serum thyroxine concentrations associated with normal serum triiodothyronine values in hypothyroid patients receiving thyroxine: a case for "tissue thyrotoxicosis".
Authors: P E Jennings, B P O'Malley, K E Griffin, B Northover, F D Rosenthal
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fifteen patients receiving standard thyroxine replacement therapy (100-200 micrograms daily) for primary hypothyroidism and who had persistently raised free thyroxine concentrations in their serum were investigated to see whether the dose being given was too high. In addition to the usual thyroid hormone assays systolic time intervals (which indicate left ventricular contractility) were calculated as accurate reflectors of tissue thyroid activity. All patients showed the expected increased free and total thyroxine concentrations; but mean total and free concentrations of triiodothyronine were normal, while reverse triiodothyronine values were raised. Mean systolic time intervals were significantly reduced as compared with normal and fell within the thyrotoxic range. Seven patients subsequently had their doses of thyroxine reduced by 50 micrograms daily and were reinvestigated one month later. All showed significant falls in circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations and an increase in mean systolic time intervals to the normal range. In patients receiving thyroxine replacement therapy for primary hypothyroidism a raised serum thyroxine concentration may indicate tissue thyrotoxicosis and should prompt a reduction of the thyroxine dose.
T-Spot.<i>TB</i> Outperforms Tuberculin Skin Test in Predicting Tuberculosis Disease
Authors: Chi Chiu Leung, Wing Cheong Yam, Wing Wai Yew, Pak Leung Ho, Cheuk Ming Tam, Wing Sze Law, Ka Fai Au, Pui Wah Tsui
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Silicosis is a well-recognized risk factor for tuberculosis (TB).To compare T-Spot.TB with tuberculin skin test (TST) in predicting the development of TB.Male patients with silicosis without clinical suspicion of active TB, past history of TB, and treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI) were offered both T-Spot.TB and TST in the Pneumoconiosis Clinic of Hong Kong from 2004 to 2008, and followed prospectively until September 30, 2009, for development of TB.Active TB and culture- or histology-confirmed TB developed in 17 (5.5%) and 14 (4.5%) of 308 recruited subjects at an annual rate of 2,247 and 1,851 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Active TB occurred in 7.4% (15 of 204) and 1.9% (2 of 104) of T-Spot.TB-positive and -negative subjects, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for TST (cutoff 10 mm) were 6.4% (13 of 203) and 3.9% (4 of 205), respectively. A positive T-Spot.TB test significantly predicted the subsequent development of active TB (relative risk, 4.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-19.68) and culture- or histology-confirmed TB (relative risk, 7.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-59.63). Consistent results were obtained after exclusion of subjects treated for LTBI and adjustment for potential confounders. TST did not significantly predict the development of active TB or culture- or histology-confirmed TB, irrespective of the cutoff values with or without exclusion of subjects treated for LTBI. Culture filtrate protein 10 spot count, but not early secretary antigenic target 6 spot count, was significantly associated with subsequent TB development.T-Spot.TB performs better than TST in the targeted screening of LTBI among patients with silicosis.
Iodine-123 mIBG Imaging for Predicting the Development of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yasushi Akutsu, Kyouichi Kaneko, Yusuke Kodama, Hui-Ling Li, Jumpei Suyama, Akira Shinozuka, Takehiko Gokan, Yuji Hamazaki, Kaoru Tanno, Youichi Kobayashi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
A bad neighbourly example
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The reluctance of many British people to move towards closer links with Europe is, I believe, based more on emotion than on an analysis of the economic results of European union. Possibly it is because the British are so bad at languages that they feel closer to the Americans on the other side of the Atlantic than they do to the Dutch, French, and Germans just across (and now under) the Channel. Certainly it is to the United States that ambitious young musicians, actors, journalists, and scientists turn their eyes. “Been to America” remains an invaluable postgraduate qualification.

Yet in many ways the United States is a poor role model. This was brought home to me while reading the new …
Long-term Prognosis in Infantile Eczema
Authors: O. A. Finn
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA rDIcOR had fallen from 37,800 to 24,700 per c.mm. and the eosino- phils from 88 to 73%-that is, from 33,264 to 18,031 per c.mm.Two months later, without any further treatment, the white cell count had fallen to 9,400 per c.mm. and the eosinophils to 60% (5,640 per c.mm.).Four months after penicillin the white-cell count was 12,000 per c.mm. and the eosinophils 57% (6,840 per c.mm.).The patient stated that he felt better.COMMENT It is regretted that an x-ray examination of the chest could not be undertaken.However, in view of the clini- cal and haematological findings it would appear likely that the patient was suffering from tropical pulmonary eosino- philia.The possible presence of a Loa loa infection would produce a degree of eosinophilia, but hardly one of 88% (33,264 eosinophils per c.mm.).There was no evidence to suggest the presence of another helminth infection.Hunter (1946) reported a case of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in a European aged 37 who had been resident in Nigeria for 12 years.Wilson (1947) reported the condition in three Africans in East Africa, but it is believed that the present paper reports the occurrence of the condition in a West African for the first time.It is interesting to speculate whether this patient acquired the disease in India some eight years previously and that it had only become mani- fest recently, or whether it had been acquired in Nigeria.It is not possible to say with any assurance whether or not there had been any response to penicillin in this case, although there is a suggestion that the drug had some effect.
Overexpression of the far upstream element binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma is required for tumor growth
Authors: Uta Rabenhorst, Rasa Beinoraviciute-Kellner, Marie-Luise Brezniceanu, Stefan Joos, Frauke Devens, Peter Lichter, Ralf J. Rieker, Jörg Trojan, Hye-Jung Chung, David L. Levens, Martin Zörnig
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We identified the far upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP1), an activator of transcription of the proto-oncogene c-myc, in a functional yeast survival screen for tumor-related antiapoptotic proteins and demonstrated strong overexpression of FBP1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Knockdown of the protein in HCC cells resulted in increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, reduced cell proliferation, and impaired tumor formation in a mouse xenograft transplantation model. Interestingly, analysis of gene regulation in these cells revealed that c-myc levels were not influenced by FBP1 in HCC cells. Instead, we identified the cell cycle inhibitor p21 as a direct target gene repressed by FBP1, and in addition, expression levels of the proapoptotic genes tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Noxa, and Bik were elevated in the absence of FBP1.Our data establish FBP1 as an important oncoprotein overexpressed in HCC that induces tumor propagation through direct or indirect repression of cell cycle inhibitors and proapoptotic target genes.
Cod Liver Oil and Eggnogs
Authors: Richard Bronson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Ad Libitum1 June 2010Cod Liver Oil and EggnogsFor William Bronson, MDRichard Bronson, MDRichard Bronson, MDFrom Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail We started the day this way,Then arch exercises to prevent flat feet.Adequate hydration was his mantra—Six glasses of water a day—And eight hours of sleep.He woke us with a whistled reveille,And there were no excusesFrom going to school.But he faded away,Disappeared into daysOf frenzied house calls,Midnight rides.And months passed quickly into years,As he spent prematurelyAll he had.Then, one day, he died,After giving so much,Driven by a need I could not assess—Providing his patientsWhat first he gave to us.Richard Bronson, MDStony Brook University Medical CenterStony Brook, NY 11794 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794.Current Author Address: Richard Bronson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, HSC T9-080, Stony Brook, NY 11794. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 11Page: 741KeywordsExerciseLiverObstetrics and gynecologyOilsSleep ePublished: 1 June 2010 Issue Published: 1 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nursing Home Research Focus on Outcomes May Mean Playing Catch-up With Regulation
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

LONG-TERM CARE settings have long been somewhat a backwater for scientific research, but that is changing, and at a time when both research and regulation have a new focus on outcome.  Until now there has been  little to document from a clinical standpoint that care provided in nursing homes is effective, says Joseph G. Ouslander, MD, medical director at the Jewish Home for the Aging of Greater Los Angeles and associate professor of geriatric medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.  It's not like the outpatient setting, where there are studies that can direct you how to treat certain conditions in certain patients. In the nursing home setting, there are very few studies where you can base your practice on well-designed trials, he says.  We need to ask ourselves much more clearly what it is we want from long-term care, says Robert Kane, MD, chair of long-term care and aging
Dispersal of HIV positive asylum seekers: national survey of UK healthcare providers
Authors: S Creighton, G Sethi, S G Edwards, R Miller
Journal: BMJ (2004)

the UK National Asylum Support Service started a policy of dispersing asylum seekers from London and southeast England to alternative locations around the United Kingdom in an attempt to spread the cost of care. 1 Although the number of people with HIV who are affected by this policy is unknown, more than 100 000 asylum seekers have so far been dispersed, many of whom are from regions with HIV/ AIDS epidemics. 2Asylum seekers may only receive 48 hours' notice, and, if they decline dispersal, then they face immediate cessation of income, housing, and legal support.Decisions about the dispersal of HIV positive asylum seekers should take into account expert medical and professional advice as dispersal may detrimentally affect the health of HIV positive asylum seekers. 3e asked doctors working in genitourinary medicine about their experiences and opinions of the dispersal of HIV positive asylum seekers.
Obituary for David Horrobin: Medicine has lost something unique and irreplaceable
Authors: B. G Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—I submit a shortened version of an obituary I wrote for David Horrobin for the BMJ .1

David Frederick Horrobin, director of Laxdale (b Bolton, England, 1939, q Oxford 1968; MA DPhil BM BCh), died from mantle cell lymphoma on 1 April 2003. 

David Horrobin was one of the most productive clinical scientists of his generation, a highly successful businessman, and an inspirational …
Access to Medication and Drug Company Sales Practices: Setting Priorities for Critique and Advocacy
Authors: Naomi Seiler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

On April 16, federal prosecutors announced Bayer’s agreement to pay the government $257 million in a Medicaid fraud settlement. Afraid of losing business with insurance giant Kaiser Permanente, for ave years Bayer had sold the antibiotic Cipro to Kaiser at prices below those Bayer charged to Medicaid. Because a federal “best price” law requires manufacturers to sell to Medicaid at the lowest price available, Bayer hid the transactions by relabeling the drugs with Kaiser’s name and a new drug identiacation number. The scheme was only revealed when a whistle-blower released documents to the government. He noted that when Bayer executives at a 1999 ethics seminar were told to report any violations to the head of US operations, “the room had erupted in laughter.” (Petersen 2003)
Suppression of adjuvant disease by bacterial extracellular products.
Authors: F Quagliata, A Taranta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

The intradermal injection of a suspension of heat- killed mycobacteria in oil (Freund's adjuvant) produces in the rat a generalized disease, adjuvant arthritis or adjuvant disease (Pearson and Wood, 1959).This can be transferred to syngeneic recipients with lymphoid cells from adjuvant-injected donors but not with serum (Waksman and Wennersten, 1963; Pearson and Wood, 1964a; Quagliata and Phillips-Quagliata, 1972) and is therefore considered to be a manifestation of delayed-type or cellular hypersensitivity to disseminated component(s) of the mycobacterium (Quagliata and Phillips-Quagliata, 1972).In addition, the inflammatory reaction at the site of adjuvant injection provides a useful experi- mental model for the study of inflammation (Perper, Alvarez, Schroder, and Colombo, 1971).Antilymphocyte serum (ALS), among its many immunosuppressive properties, has been shown to suppress adjuvant disease (Currey and Ziff, 1968).Another property of ALS is that it stimulates the transformation of lymphocytes into large blast-like cells capable of mitosis (Woodruff, Reid, and James, 1967).Streptococcal culture filtrates have recently been shown to have a similar effect on lymphocytes (Taranta, Cuppari, and Quagliata, 1969; Taranta and Cuppari, 1970); we therefore thought it might be of interest to investigate the effect of such filtrates on adjuvant disease.Cellular components of Gram- negative bacteria have previously been shown to prevent adjuvant disease if injected in incomplete adjuvant, but not in saline, before the eliciting adjuvant injection (Wood and Pearson, 1962).We report that some preparations of Gram- positive as well as Gram-negative bacterial extra- cellular products injected subcutaneously (s.c.) in saline starting the day before the adjuvant injection markedly suppress adjuvant disease.
Flooding and insecurity threaten relief supplies to "hungriest place on earth"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Relief workers are concerned that severe flooding and attacks on staff and clinics are jeopardising their ability to access many of the most severely malnourished people in South Sudan.

The World Food Programme currently targets almost 11 million people in Sudan, including almost half of the estimated 8 million people living in the semi-autonomous region of South Sudan. This region has many of the world’s worst health indicators.

Announcing a £20m (€24.1m; $31.8m) contribution to reduce a substantial shortfall in the programme’s $897m appeal for this year’s Sudan operations, a spokesman for Britain’s Department for International Development commented last week: “People are going hungry in Southern Sudan because …
STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL IMMUNITY INDUCED BY ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. An artificial antigen containing the azobenzyl glycoside of cellobiuronic acid gives rise in rabbits to antibodies which: (a) give the Neufeld reaction and agglutinate Type III pneumococci, (b) confer passive protection on mice against infection with Types II, III, and VIII pneumococci. 2. Rabbits immunized with the artificial cellobiuronic acid antigen acquire active resistance to infection with virulent Type III pneumococci. 3. The antibodies evoked by an antigen containing the azobenzyl glycoside of cellobiose exhibit none of these phenomena.
The effect of an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody on the early- and late-phase responses to allergen inhalation in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: J V Fahy, H E Fleming, H H Wong, J T Liu, J Q Su, J Reimann, R B Fick, H A Boushey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

A humanized murine monoclonal antibody directed to the Fc epsilonR1-binding domain of human IgE (rhuMAb-E25) has been shown to inhibit the binding of IgE to mast cells without provoking mast cell activation. To examine the effects of neutralizing IgE on allergic airway responses, we assessed the effects of 9 wk of treatment with rhuMAb-E25 in a parallel group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 19 allergic asthmatic subjects. We found that treatment with rhuMAb-E25 reduced serum IgE, increased the dose of allergen needed to provoke an early asthmatic response, reduced the mean maximal fall in FEV1 during the early response (30 +/- 10% at baseline to 18.8 +/- 8%, versus 33 +/- 8% at baseline to 34 +/- 4% after placebo; p = 0.01), and reduced the mean maximal fall in FEV1 during the late response (24 +/- 20% at baseline to 9 +/- 10% versus 20 +/- 17% at baseline to 18 +/- 17% after placebo; p = 0.047). We conclude that an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, which inhibits binding of IgE to its receptor, suppresses the early- and late-phase responses to inhaled allergen in allergic asthmatic subjects. Targeting IgE with rhuMAb-E25 might be a useful treatment for allergic asthma.