tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in associations between macronutrient intake and lipoprotein profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: E J Mayer-Davis, S Levin, J A Marshall
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between macronutrient intake and lipoprotein profile among individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (SLVDS) or the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Diet was assessed by 24-h recall in the SLVDS (n = 421) and by validated food frequency interview in the IRAS (n = 437). Analyses adjusted for kilocalories, age, sex, and other covariates were conducted separately for the two study groups. For the SLVDS, repeated observations were included in mixed model analyses (865 observations). For the IRAS, standard regression analyses were conducted. Recent weight history and time of diabetes diagnosis were evaluated as possible modifiers of associations between nutrient intake and lipoprotein profile. RESULTS: Higher reported intake of total dietary fat was related to significantly higher levels of LDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in both studies and in all subgroups. Reported intake of total and saturated fat was associated positively with total cholesterol, although statistical significance was not reached for all subgroups. Higher reported carbohydrate intake was associated with increased triglyceride concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.01) only among individuals with previously undiagnosed diabetes in the SLVDS (n = 69) and only among individuals who gained weight (&amp;gt; 5 lb, n = 87) during the previous year in the IRAS. CONCLUSIONS: Toward the goal of optimizing the lipoprotein profile of individuals with diabetes, these results emphasize the potential importance of reducing fat intake while recognizing that individualized approaches to diet are important to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Allergic reaction after eating α‐amylase <i>(Asp o</i> 2)‐containing bread A case report
Authors: X. Baur, A. B. Czuppon
Journal: Allergy (1995)

A 29‐year‐old female bakery shop assistant was occupationally sensitized to flour allergens and Aspergillus α‐amylase ( Asp o 2). The latter represents a strongly allergenic component of routinely used baking additives. The patient had repeatedly responded to the consumption of white bread with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and, occasionally, wheal and flare reactions. She underwent allergologic investigations including oral challenge tests with commercially available bread loaves. Elevated specific IgE antibodies against bread extracts, Asp o 2, and flour allergens were detectable in her serum. The provocation test with bread resulted in a running nose together with a strong increase in nasal resistance. All symptoms subsided about 3 h after the challenge. None of the above symptoms could be observed when bread free of Aspergillus α‐amylase was administered. This outcome provides evidence of a clinically relevant persistent allergenicity to Asp o 2 in bread.
Gaps in Vaccine Financing for Underinsured Children in the United States
Authors: Grace M. Lee, Jeanne M. Santoli, Claire Hannan, Mark L. Messonnier, James E. Sabin, Donna Rusinak, Charlene Gay, Susan M. Lett, Tracy A. Lieu
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The number of new vaccines recommended for children and adolescents has nearly doubled during the past 5 years, and the cost of fully vaccinating a child has increased dramatically in the past decade. Anecdotal reports from state policy makers and clinicians suggest that new gaps have arisen in financial coverage of vaccines for children who are underinsured (ie, have private insurance that does not cover all recommended vaccines). In 2000, approximately 14% of children were underinsured for vaccines in the United States.To describe variation among states in the provision of new vaccines to underinsured children and to identify barriers to state purchase and distribution of new vaccines.A 2-phase mixed-methods study of state immunization program managers in the United States. The first phase included 1-hour qualitative telephone interviews conducted from November to December 2005 with 9 program managers chosen to represent different state vaccine financing policies. The second phase incorporated findings from phase 1 to develop a national telephone and paper-based survey of state immunization program managers that was conducted from January to June 2006.Percentage of states in which underinsured children are unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in the private or public sectors.Immunization program managers from 48 states (96%) participated in the study. Underinsured children were not eligible to receive publicly purchased meningococcal conjugate or pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the private sector in 70% and 50% of states, respectively, or in the public sector in 40% and 17% of states, respectively. Due to limited financing for new vaccines, 10 states changed their policies for provision of publicly purchased vaccines between 2004 and early 2006 to restrict access to selected new vaccines for underinsured children. The most commonly cited barriers to implementation in underinsured children were lack of sufficient federal and state funding to purchase vaccines.The current vaccine financing system has resulted in gaps for underinsured children in the United States, many of whom are now unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in either the private or public sectors. Additional strategies are needed to ensure financial coverage for all vaccines, particularly new vaccines, among this vulnerable population.
Immune effector mechanisms in heart transplant rejection
Authors: O. Binah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

It is well established that immunological mechanisms are responsible for the pathophysiology of several heart diseases, some contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Of the multiple cellular and humoral components participating in the overall immune response in heart diseases, this article mainly deals with cellular immunity mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Three important heart diseases have been associated with CTL induced myocardial damage: (1) heart transplant rejection; (2) myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy; (3) Chagas heart disease.
Thomas Wakley: An Improbable Radical
Authors: J Hostettler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Thomas Wakley - general practitioner, journalist, coroner, and member of parliament - is probably best known to modern readers as the founder of the Lancet, in 1823. More politician than clinician, he was nevertheless one of the most remarkable doctors of his day: one who answered injustice and hypocrisy, especially in his own profession, with adept use of the powers at his disposal - the press, the courts, and ultimately parliament.

Hostettler begins by looking at the influence of chronology on Wakley's upbringing. He was born in the era of political repression in Britain that followed the French Revolution, and his outlook had much in …
The Use of Community Medical Resources
Authors: Henry F. Howe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE establishment of a medical practice presents countless needs for learning legal and quasiofficial technics that were taken care of without effort while the physician was still an intern. He is required to fill out not only birth certificates and death certificates but also serologic reports for marriage and pregnancy, reports on contagious diseases, proofs of death, forms for accident and health insurance, Blue Shield applications and many varieties of physical-examination blanks for insurance or employment. He certifies illnesses of employees, vaccinations of school children and gunshot wounds for the police. He must learn which deaths to refer to the . . .
Low Antibiotic Resistance of Gonococci Causing Disseminated Infection
Authors: Paul J. Wiesner, H. Hunter Handsfield, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

DISSEMINATED gonococcal infection associated with the syndrome of gonococcal arthritis and dermatitis occurs in 1 to 3 per cent of patients with gonorrhea.1 , 2 Host factors that may predispose to development of gonococcal bacteremia include menstruation, pregnancy, hepatitis and pharyngeal gonococcal infection.3 , 4 The simultaneous occurrence of disseminated infection in sexual partners5 , 6 and in a neonate and his mother7 suggests that certain strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae may possess increased virulence. Although several methods of typing gonococci have been described, none have previously been evaluated in epidemiologic studies, and no unique characteristics of strains producing disseminated gonococcal infection have been recognized.In the . . .
High security patients need local care, says report
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Psychiatric care for patients who need to be in high security hospitals should be moved out of large isolated institutions into centres with only 200 places each, says a report published by the Department of Health. Care is currently concentrated in three special hospitals - Ashworth, Broadmoor, and Rampton - run by the Special Hospitals Service Authority. Recent reports into the quality of care in these hospitals, which together house nearly 1700 patients, have supported allegations of improper care and ill treatment. An inquiry into standards of care in Ashworth Hospital in 1992 made 90 recommendations for improvements, and its chairman, Sir Louis Blom-Cooper, wrote to the health secretary questioning the need for special hospitals.

This report, …
Mutations in exon 17B of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause pseudoachondroplasia
Authors: Jacqueline T. Hecht, Laura D. Nelson, Eric Crowder, Yang Wang, Frederick F.B. Elder, Wilbur R. Harrison, Clair A. Francomano, Christa K. Prange, Gregory G. Lennon, Michelle Deere, Jack Lawler
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
INFANT FEEDING-ITS RELATION TO THE DIARRHEAL DISEASES OF INFANCY.
Authors: JAMES G. MASTIN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

At the end of these five days the very serious question arose as to whether it would be justifiable to keep an in¬ fant of'ten months any longer without food.Again unexplored territory had been reached.Egg albumin water was given once only to the amount of three ounces.The symptoms were all aggravated by it within a very few hours, and thereon the resolution was formed, with the consent of an intelligent father, to persist in keeping all food from the child till the symptoms abated or the child was beyond any hope.After three more days- that is, eight days in all-the fever having abated and the stools changed, diluted food was given and the child went on to recovery.The most surprising observation made was the failure of this little patient to fall away to a skeleton after such prolonged fasting.It is regretted that no weights were taken, but to preconceived ideas it was simply a revela¬ tion how the child could retain so much flesh.Not that the child did not lose flesh, for it did, but merely that the loss was not commensurate with preconceived notions and was a source of general remark to such parties as saw it and knew the history of the case.During the last four seasons no case of acute intes¬ tinal disorder seen during the first week has been lost, save one.This was a case of multiple ulcers of the stomach, accompanied by convulsions, persistently high temperature, extreme tympany, no vomiting or diarrhea, and in which the correct diagnosis was made by means of a postmortem examination.The favorable outcome of some apparently desperate cases, during these four sea¬ sons, has engendered confidence that in the extension of this recognized procedure we have a valuable help.The prolonged withdrawal of food is not advocated in every case indiscriminately, nor even in the majority of cases.In the vast majority, if seen early, a withdrawal of a few hours until Nature or a laxative empty the in¬ testinal tract of offending material, will be all that is required.What is contended for is that each case be in¬ dividualized-be managed in accord with the indications furnished by tongue, by tympany, by temperature, by stool.What is contended for is that these little pa¬ tients, ill with the severer forms of intestinal disease, will be more comfortable, will live longer, will recover more quickly on water than they will on food of any de¬ scription that a disturbed intestinal tract can not as¬ similate.The text-books tell us to keep them forty-eight hours on water, then to put them on gruels, broths, whey.The contention of this paper is that not time, but the characer of the stools, the condition of the patient, be the limit for a return to food.
Evaluation of autologous cultured epithelium as replacement skin after tattoo excision: correlation between skin texture and histological features
Authors: K. Kadoya, S. Amano, S. Inomata, M. Tsunenaga, K. Matsuzaki, H. Oshima, M. Tanabe, N. Kumagai, T. Nishiyama
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Cultured epidermal autographs (CEAs) are currently used as a coverage treatment for burn wounds, for disfiguring burn scars involving depigmentation and in restoring the elasticity of the skin. The advantage of CEAs is that epidermal sheets prepared from small skin pieces can be enlarged sufficiently to cover large burn areas. Objectives We examined the correlation between recovery of skin texture, and elastic fibre formation and keratinocyte differentiation (assessed by immunohistochemistry) in CEAs used as replacement skin after tattoo excision in a Japanese patient. Methods The tattooed skin was excised down to the deep dermal layer and then CEA was transplanted onto the patient. The skin textures were evaluated by taking replicas of the skin surface, and histological changes of filaggrin, transglutaminase, involucrin, fibrillin and elastin in the autograft skin were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The skin texture improved with time after grafting the CEA, and appeared similar to that of normal skin at 39 months. Among keratinocyte differentiation markers, filaggrin recovered to a normal pattern at around 6 months, and transglutaminase did so at 39 months, whereas involucrin expression remained abnormal at 39 months. Fibrillin expression appeared similar to that of normal skin by 39 months, except for sparse candelabra-like structures of short fibres. Elastin expression remained at a low level throughout. Conclusions Our results show that the recovery of skin texture after application of CEAs following tattoo excision is associated with the normalization of epidermal differentiation markers, except involucrin, and with the regeneration of elastic fibres in the dermis.
Equifinality and phase-resetting: The role of control parameter manipulations
Authors: R. E. A. van Emmerik, R. C. Wagenaar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract It is argued that the equilibrium point model can lead to new insights regarding transition and stability processes in movement coordination. The role of movement control parameters on equifinality and phase-resetting is discussed; not only control but also external control parameters can affect the global dynamical regime.
Abstract 5081: Inhibiting DNA double strand break repair for alpha radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Hong Song, Robert F. Hobbs, Chunbo Shao, George Sgouros
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis to distant organs is the major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Median overall survival remains poor (5 year survival 26.1%) despite recent advances in new targeted biological therapy. Radiolabeled antibody offers an effective approach to deliver cytotoxic radiation doses to eliminate micrometastatic tumors. Alpha particle emitters are promising against small micrometastases because of their high potency and specificity (high linear energy transfer, LET&amp;gt;80 keV/µm, particle range ∼ 80 μm). Alpha particles typically cause DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) when they traverse the cell nucleus. Our experience with alpha particle emitter labeled antibody showed that it significantly prolonged survival in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer with eventual recurrence at estimated micromet dose of 4.4 Gy. Understanding cellular repair of alpha radiation induced DNA DSBs could help us rationally design more effective strategy by inhibiting components of the DNA DSB repair pathways to sensitize cancer cells to alpha radiation. Under this hypothesis, we evaluated the role of DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) inhibition on targeted alpha-emitter therapy. Inhibition, with small molecule inhibitor NU7441, of this key enzyme in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to alpha particle emitter 213Bi labeled anti-EGFR antibody. Immuno-fluorescent staining of γH2AX foci confirms a reduction in the DNA DSB repair rate in these cells. Using a cell-line deficient in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway (BRCA-1 deficient), we also have preliminary evidence suggesting that HR deficiency reduces the incremental effect of NHEJ inhibition but the combination increases overall cell kill. This data suggest inhibiting components of DNA double strand repair pathways is an effective approach to enhance the efficacy of alpha particle emitter labeled monoclonal antibody. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5081. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5081
Color-coded curved anatomical M-mode analysis of contrast echocardiography: a novel technique for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis
Authors: Akiko Iwata, Jyuri Okazaki, Kentaro Ohtani, Hideo Hirayama, Yasushi Kashiwagi, Sachiko Yagura, Tsutomu Toshida, Toshihiko Asanuma, Fuminobu Ishikura, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Failure to Correct the Metabolic Defect by Renal Allotransplantation in Fabry's Disease
Authors: MATTHEW W. SPENCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Plasma neutral glycolipid levels and plasma and leukocyte alpha-galactosidase activities were measured serially before and after renal allotransplantation in two men, aged 47 and 45 years, with renal failure due to Fabry's disease. The patients were followed posttransplantation for 92 and 64 weeks, respectively. No significant elevation of plasma or leukocyte alpha-galactosidase activities above levels in untreated men with Fabry's disease or decrease in the levels of trihexosyl ceramide was observed in either patient. The results do not support the use of renal allotransplantation for enzyme replacement in Fabry's disease.
Novo Nordisk's reply to call for withdrawal of liraglutide
Authors: A. Moses
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Novo Nordisk is committed to patient safety and rejects Public Citizen’s assertion that the benefits of liraglutide (Victoza) are outweighed by its risks.1 Moreover, we believe that the comparison to the glitazone class in the news story is inappropriate because of different mechanisms of action.

The …
P0093 : Effect of mesenchymal stem cell on hepatic fibrosis in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rat model
Authors: S.K. Baik, Y.L Lim, Y.Z. Cho, M.Y. Kim, Y.O. Jang, K.T. Suk, G.J. Cheon, Y.D. Kim, D.H. Choi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
The Danish Randomized Lung Cancer CT Screening Trial—Overall Design and Results of the Prevalence Round
Authors: Jesper H. Pedersen, Haseem Ashraf, Asger Dirksen, Karen Bach, Hanne Hansen, Phillip Toennesen, Hanne Thorsen, John Brodersen, Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Martin Døssing, Jann Mortensen, Klaus Richter, Paul Clementsen, Niels Seersholm
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
The relation between atrial fibrillation wavefront characteristics and accessory pathway conduction.
Authors: J J Ong, Y M Cha, J M Kriett, K Boyce, G K Feld, P S Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Although the source-sink relationship for impulse propagation in cardiac tissues has been demonstrated in vitro, there has been no verification of this hypothesis in humans. Accordingly, eight patients undergoing surgical division of their accessory pathways were studied. A 56-channel (7 x 8) bipolar plaque electrode array was placed over the atrioventricular groove on the accessory pathway and atrial fibrillation electrically induced. 10 episodes of QRS transition from consecutively preexcited to nonpreexcited complexes were analyzed. This showed that consecutively preexcited QRS complexes were always associated with uniform large atrial wavefronts. Immediately prior to QRS transition, four general types of changes were observed: (a) premature invasion by secondary wavefronts creating local conduction block (n = 5); (b) wavefront collision leading to wavefront curvature (n = 2); (c) transition from a uniform large atrial wavefront to multiple fractionated small wavefronts (n = 1); and (d) uniform atrial wavefronts "marching" into the accessory pathway refractory period (n = 2). We conclude that local atrial wavefront characteristics are important factors influencing impulse propagation through the accessory pathway. The findings that local wavefront collision, curvature, or fractionation often precede loss of accessory pathway conduction support the notion that source-sink relationship is an important determinant of the safety factor for impulse propagation in the human heart.
Stomatitis and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Allan N. Krutchik
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With the development of increasingly more effective cancer chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations, more patients will be receiving this form of treatment. One of the major toxicities of several antineoplastic drugs is stomatitis. At times the stomatitis may be of such severity as to limit the dose of the drug used and thereby compromise effective chemotherapy and possibly lead to septicemia during periods of myelosuppression. It has been postulated that the incidence of stomatitis may relate to the degree of dental plaque formation and periodontal disease during cancer chemotherapy.<sup>1</sup>Based on this finding, before patients receive chemotherapy, it is important that they receive a thorough dental evaluation and necessary dental care along with oral hygiene by a dentist to lessen the degree of stomatitis and possibly prevent it from occurring.
What is the optimal dosage of linezolid in treatment of complicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
Authors: W. W. Yew, K. C. Chang, C. H. Chau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

What is the optimal dosage of linezolid in treatment of complicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?To the Editors:In a retrospective study, MIGLIORI et al. [1] have elegantly shown that linezolid 600 mg daily or twice daily added to an individualised multidrug regimen was efficacious in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Once-daily dosing was associated with less major adverse effects than twice-daily dosing, corroborating the results of an earlier study in South Korea [2].As a result of the potentially serious side-effects, MIGLIORI et al. [1] have appropriately recommended reserving linezolid treatment for the most complicated cases of MDR-TB.We concur with these views and would like to share our experience regarding the use of linezolid 800 mg once daily in the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and fluoroquinolone-resistant MDR-TB.