tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4378: Aflatoxin B1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Kassim Traore, Rohit Singhal, Rachel Rivera, Patricia E. Ganey, Robert A. Roth
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogen, is known to impair specific and nonspecific immune responses. Recent studies suggested that AFB1 affects macrophage functions. Macrophages play an important role in a host defense against tumors and bacteria. In addition, some macrophage products, including tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha), can be cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were pretreated with increasing concentrations of AFB1 for 2 hours followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 h. The concentration of TNF-alpha released in the culture medium was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AFB1 at 1, 10, 50 or 100 µM reduced the production of TNF-alpha induced by LPS. Compared to vehicle control, there was a greater reduction of TNF-alpha production with increased concentration of AFB1 pretreatment and LPS stimulation. AFB1 at 100 µM decreased the synthesis of both TNF-alpha mRNA and protein in RAW 264.7 cells. To explore the mechanism of AFB1 activation by RAW 264.7 cells, we examined the expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A11, two isoforms of cytochrome p450 known to activate AFB1. Our data indicated that CYP3A11 but not CYP3A4 was significantly expressed in RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that AFB1 pretreatment suppresses LPS-induced TNF production in RAW 264.7 cells. (Supported by NIH grant R01ES04139.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4378.
CD34+-selected versus unmanipulated autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: impact on dendritic and immune recovery and on complications due to infection
Authors: D. Damiani, R. Stocchi, P. Masolini, A. Michelutti, A. Geromin, A. Sperotto, C. Skert, M. Michieli, M. Baccarani, R. Fanin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
IMPACT OF ADJUNCTIVE CILOSTAZOL ON MIDTERM CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG ELUTING STENT
Authors: Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Seung Woon Rha, Sureshkumar Ramasamy, Ji Young Park, Lin Wang, Byoung Geol Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seo Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Acute malaria in newborn infants.
Authors: D E Logie, I A McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRITISHwas detected.Further aspirations produced no benefit, but an increased dose of steroids helped.However, two weeks later she developed severe respiratory failure and died.At necropsy the lungs showed prominent arterial radicles, a moderate amount of oedema, and scattered, mainly subpleural, areas suggestive of chronic pneumonitis.Both latter features were worse on the left (weight 985g.)than on the right (weight 720g.)Both pleural spaces contained old fibrous adhesions and bilateral yellow effusions.The heart (weight 360g.)showed right ventricular hypertrophy (10mmn.)and dilatation; the right auricle was normal.There was no thrombosis in the syst-mic vessels.The lungs were sent to Professor Herbert Spencer for examination.rn his opinion they showed: (1) Some pulmonary arterial thickening; occasional arteries also showed recanalization; (2) interstitial fibrosis (Fig. ) plus recent intra-alveolar fibrinous oedema; (3) pronounced dilatation of the bronchial veins; (4) enormous distension of the alveolar capillaries in places; and (5) thrombosis of smalland medium-sized veins with evidence of recanalization.These changes add up to thrombosis of the pulmonary venous return with subsequent oedema, collateral channel formation, and pulmonary artery hypertension (with occa- sional arterial thrombosis and recanalization).The disease was an evolving condition in this patient as is apparent from the varying degrees of oedema and venous occlusion.Despite this activity no aetiological agent was discovered.Perhaps virus culture of the sputum would have been revealing, since Liebow suggests haemagglutination associated with pulmonary viral infections is possibly the cause of the thrombosis.More information could have been forthcoming had the patient been diagnosed in life.The object of this report is to remind clinicians and pathologists of the disease, and to underline the opinion of previous authors that it may not be as rare as the literature suggests.-Weare, etc.,
THE MANNER OF GROWTH OF FROG CARCINOMA, STUDIED BY DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF LIVING INTRAOCULAR TRANSPLANTS
Authors: Balduin Lucké, H. Schlumberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

The adenocarcinoma which commonly occurs in the kidney of leopard frogs has been transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye where its growth characteristics have been studied by direct observation with the slit-lamp microscope. Such observations have been amplified by photographs taken at intervals to furnish permanent and objective records of the mode of development and progress of the growths, from earliest to advanced stages. The fifteen tumors which fumished the transplants were typical large invasive adenocarcinomas having the usual irregular and apparently anarchic arrangement of their component tubules and acini. However, the transplanted tumors developed according to definite and well defined structural patterns, their type depending on the immediate physical environment. Three such morphogenetic patterns were observed. Unimpeded outgrowths into the aqueous tumor characteristically assumed a tubulo-papillary arrangement; the earliest formation consisted of solid, purely epithelial cylinders, many of which at later stages acquired a lumen and thus became tubular; generally only the coarser projections developed vascular stalks. Further growth was made by repeated branching, and lateral outpouching of the tubules. Where the tumor grew in contact with firm, even surfaces, such as lens or cornea, differentiation was lost and broad membranes formed which gradually spread over the surfaces; secondarily, new cylindrical or tubular processes arose from such indifferent cellular carpets. Where the tumor made contact with loose tissue such as iris, it invaded this organ, and, supported by the stroma, assumed an acinar pattern quite like that of the original adenocarcinoma of the kidney. All three types of growth were sometimes found coexisting in different portions of the anterior chamber. The rate of growth of transplanted tumors was followed by photographic records taken periodically. A fairly constant mode of progress was noted: after a variable period of lag and a period of gradual outgrowth, there followed rather abruptly a short period of rapid growth, after which growth increments gradually became smaller. Variations in growth rate due to season and to temperature were evident, but further experiments are required to evaluate the part played by these factors. Attempts to transplant normal kidney in the anterior chamber were unsuccessful. The manner of growth in the vitreus was found to be similar to that in the anterior chamber. The factors that determine the manner of tumor growth are as yet imperfectly understood. Evidence is however accumulating to the effect that neoplastic growth is not as anarchic as is suggested by histologic sections of some tumors (26). The present experiments support the view that cancers are much more responsive to the laws governing growth and organization than is generally supposed.
Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device for the Treatment of Menometrorrhagia in a Woman on Hemodialysis
Authors: Luigi Fedele, Linda Gammaro, Stefano Bianchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Gastroesophageal Reflux and Adenocarcinoma of the EsophagusTo the Editor: We do not agree with Lagergren et al. (March 18 issue) 1 that the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma is independent of Barrett's esophagus.We would suggest that gastroesophageal reflux disease causes Barrett's esophagus and that it is the key intermediary step in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Shortsegment Barrett's esophagus is now recognized to occur in one fifth to one third of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. 2,3Cameron et al. have shown that most esophageal adenocarcinomas tend to be located near the esophagogastric junction, precisely the area where shortsegment Barrett's esophagus is likely to be found. 4If gastroesophageal reflux disease (without Barrett's esophagus) were the main cause, then one would expect to find at least some adenocarcinomas proximal to the esophagogastric junction and completely surrounded by squamous epithelium.On the contrary, in the study by Lagergren et al., all esophageal adenocarcinomas closer than 2 cm to the esophagogastric junction were associated with Barrett's epithelium. 4 Lagergren et al. also showed that esophageal adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with the severity and duration of gastroesophageal reflux disease.It is precisely these two factors that have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus.
A Study of Heart Block in Man Using His Bundle Recordings
Authors: ANTHONY N. DAMATO, SUN H. LAU, RICHARD HELFANT, EMANUEL STEIN, ROBERT D. PATTON, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, WALTER D. BERKOWITZ
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The technique of recording His bundle electrograms in man by a tripolar electrode catheter was applied in a study of patients with first, second, and third-degree heart block. In all patients with first-degree heart block (congenital, acquired, or induced by atrial pacing), the delay in A-V conduction occurred proximal to the His bundle as evidenced by a prolonged P-H interval. The enhancement of A-V conduction (shortening the P-H interval) due to isoproterenol was qualitatively similar in the three forms of first-degree block. In cases of Wenckebach phenomenon the P-H interval progressively increased until a dropped beat occurred. The nonconducted P wave was not followed by a His deflection, indicating block proximal to the His bundle. Cases of 2:1 and 3:1 block occurring proximal to the His bundle were also studied. The usefulness of His-bundle recordings in the diagnosis of cases of complete and incomplete bilateral bundle-branch block is also demonstrated.
Increased Intracranial Pressure Caused by Increased Protein Content in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: W. James Gardner, David K. Spitler, Charles Whitten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE thesis of this paper is that increased intracranial pressure and communicating hydrocephalus may result from any chronic process that significantly raises the level of the protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid. The increase in pressure is due to mechanical clogging, by the protein molecules, of the pores of the semipermeable membrane that constitutes the brain-blood barrier. That cellular and fibrinous exudate can obstruct these absorptive areas is well recognized. The possibility that objects the size of protein molecules can have the same effect has not previously been investigated. Interest in this subject was aroused by a case of ependymoma . . .
Abstract 3385: A craniectomy open window model for longitudinal subcellular imaging of cancer cell nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics in the brain
Authors: Masashi Momiyama, Itaru Endo, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Brain metastasis is a lethal step in breast and other cancers. However, there has not been a method to image brain metastasis at the single-cell level in vivo. In order to visualize metastatic single cancer cell nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics in the brain, dual-color Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, labeled with GFP in the nucleus and RFP in the cytoplasm, were injected into the right internal carotid artery of nude mice. A craniectomy open window was made over the right parietal bone. The animals were imaged at the subcellular level through the craniectomy open window with the Olympus OV100 Small Animal Imaging System under high magnification. Metastatic dual-color LLC cells could be visualized at the subcellular level in the brain. Metastatic colony progression, tumor micro vessels, and cancer cell mitosis apoptosis were imaged. Imaging could be carried out for at least two weeks through the craniectomy window. The novel mouse model for subcellular imaging of cancer cells in the brain will enable a deeper understanding of brain metastases and cancer cell nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics in the brain. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3385.
Statins and the Risk of Cancer After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Georg Marcus Fröhlich, Kaspar Rufibach, Frank Enseleit, Mathias Wolfrum, Michelle von Babo, Michelle Frank, Reto Berli, Mathias Hermann, Johannes Holzmeister, Markus Wilhelm, Volkmar Falk, Georg Noll, Thomas F. Lüscher, Frank Ruschitzka
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Although newer immunosuppressive agents, such as mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors, have lowered the occurrence of malignancies after transplantation, cancer is still a leading cause of death late after heart transplantation. Statins may have an impact on clinical outcomes beyond their lipid-lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to delineate whether statin therapy has an impact on cancer risk and total mortality after heart transplantation. Methods and Results— A total of 255 patients who underwent heart transplantation at the University Hospital Zurich between 1985 and 2007 and survived the first year were included in the present study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of any malignancy; the secondary end point was overall survival. During follow-up, a malignancy was diagnosed in 108 patients (42%). The cumulative incidence of tumors 8 years after transplantation was reduced in patients receiving a statin (34% versus 13%; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.43 versus 0.07–0.18; P &lt;0.003). Statin use was associated with improved cancer-free and overall survival (both P &lt;0.0001). A Cox regression model that analyzed the time to tumor formation with or without statin therapy, adjusted for age, male sex, type of cardiomyopathy, and immunosuppressive therapy (including switch to mTOR inhibitors or tacrolimus), demonstrated a superior survival in the statin group. Statins reduced the hazard of occurrence of any malignancy by 67% (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.51; P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— Although it is not possible to adjust for all potential confounders because of the very long follow-up period, this registry suggests that statin use is associated with improved cancer-free and overall survival after cardiac transplantation. These data will need to be confirmed in a prospective trial.
Psychological Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: William H. Polonsky, Lawrence Fisher, Susan Guzman, Leonel Villa-Caballero, Steven V. Edelman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

To achieve tight glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, it may be advantageous to introduce insulin therapy much earlier in the disease course (1). Unfortunately, many patients are reluctant to begin insulin and may delay starting insulin therapy for significant periods of time (2,3). Recent evidence suggests that more than one-quarter of patients may refuse insulin therapy once it is prescribed (4). Little is actually known about this phenomenon, often termed “psychological insulin resistance” (PIR), how common it may be, or why patients feel this way. Therefore, we developed and distributed a PIR self-report survey to a large multicity sample of patients with type 2 diabetes who were not taking insulin. The survey examined their willingness to take insulin if it was prescribed and to identify perceived attitudinal barriers to insulin therapy.

Participants at several 1-day conferences for people with diabetes (Taking Control of Your Diabetes) conducted in San Diego, California; Raleigh, North Carolina; Portland, Oregon; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii completed an anonymous one-page survey concerning insulin attitudes. At the beginning of each conference, an announcement to all participants explained the study, directed them to the questionnaire in their conference syllabus, and asked them to return completed surveys before the conference’s conclusion. The study was approved by the Committee on Human Research at the University of California, San Francisco.

An initial questionnaire item assessed willingness to begin insulin therapy, rated from very willing to not unwilling. Patients also rated on a six-point …
Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings
Authors: Pierre Leleux, Camryn Johnson, Xenofon Strakosas, Jonathan Rivnay, Thierry Hervé, Róisín M. Owens, George G. Malliaras
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The integration of an ionic liquid gel on conformal electrodes is investigated for applications in long-term cutaneous recordings. Electrodes made of Au and the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated with the gel show a low impedance in contact with the skin that maintains a steady value over several days, paving the way for non-invasive, long-term monitoring of human electrophysiological activity.
Public Life and Private Information
Authors: Kingsley Lawrance
Journal: JAMA (1968)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— As one who was concerned by the publication of Lord Moran's book, my reaction did not arise from failing to notice Churchill's unsteady walk and slurred speech. Until I read Dr. Robitscher's communication (202: 398, 1967) I had forgotten about Churchill's address to the Conservative Party in 1953. My reaction arose from wondering what Moran and his publishers thought they achieved in 1966. The idea that a delay in publication might affect the sales was also hard to dispel.Because nursemaids write about prominent families does not mean that doctors should. They should have different standards.Dr. Jean-Paul Marat spent most of the day in a bathtub on account of scrotal and perineal dermatitis— allegedly acquired by hiding in sewers. So his physician made no revelation at all in his case report. In 1822, a year after Napoleon Bonaparte's death, pigeons were the fastest means of communication.
CONSTIPATION; SOME OF ITS EFFECTS AND ITS NON-MEDICINAL TREATMENT.
Authors: E. S. PETTYJOHN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The large number of people suffering from constipation and its effects, and the clinical difficulty met in obtaining relief therefrom, leads to the conclusion that the full signification of this affliction and its deleterious influence are not comprehended either by the people or the profession. In its reciprocal influence this condition sustains both a causative and a resultant relation. Constipation as a functional disorder may be defined as an abnormal condition of the great colon and the entire intestinal tract, manifested by the unusual retention of excrementitious material, both as to<i>quantity</i>and<i>time</i>of evacuation. It may be owing either to diminished action of the muscular coat, to the diminished secretion from the mucous membrane, or both, to defective innervation, to habits and occupation, climate or diet, in addition to which there seems to be an infinite variety of causes. A study of the history of 300 cases shows
Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions.
Authors: A Windhagen, J Newcombe, F Dangond, C Strand, M N Woodroofe, M L Cuzner, D A Hafler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Resting autoreactive T cells are present in the circulation of normal individuals without pathologic consequences. In autoimmune animal models, stimulation of these self-reactive T cells in the presence of costimulatory molecules B7-1 results in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, whereas B7-2 stimulation generates regulatory autoreactive T cells that abrogate disease severity. Thus, reactivation in the brain of myelin-autoreactive T cells by antigen with costimulatory molecules may be a critical event in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. We investigated the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules in a panel of 41 histologically characterized CNS specimens from 15 MS and 10 control cases using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. In four cases, vascular CNS infarcts with inflammation were compared with MS plaques from the same brain. We observed increased expression of B7-1 and interleukin (IL) 12p40 in acute MS plaques, particularly from early disease cases but not in inflammatory infarcts. B7-1 staining was localized predominantly to the lymphocytes in perivenular inflammatory cuffs but not the parenchyma. In contrast, B7-2 was expressed predominantly on macrophages both in MS lesions of varied time duration and in inflammatory infarcts. These findings indicate that an early event in the initiation of MS involves upregulation of B7-1 and IL-12, resulting in conditions that maximally stimulate T cell activation and induction of T helper 1-type immune responses.