tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Truncated ETV1, Fused to Novel Tissue-Specific Genes, and Full-Length ETV1 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Karin G. Hermans, Hetty A. van der Korput, Ronald van Marion, Dennis J. van de Wijngaart, Angelique Ziel-van der Made, Natasja F. Dits, Joost L. Boormans, Theo H. van der Kwast, Herman van Dekken, Chris H. Bangma, Hanneke Korsten, Robert Kraaij, Guido Jenster, Jan Trapman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

In this study, we describe the properties of novel ETV1 fusion genes, encoding N-truncated ETV1 (dETV1), and of full-length ETV1, overexpressed in clinical prostate cancer. We detected overexpression of novel ETV1 fusion genes or of full-length ETV1 in 10% of prostate cancers. Novel ETV1 fusion partners included FOXP1, an EST (EST14), and an endogenous retroviral repeat sequence (HERVK17). Like TMPRSS2, EST14 and HERVK17 were prostate-specific and androgen-regulated expressed. This unique expression pattern of most ETV1 fusion partners seems an important determinant in prostate cancer development. In transient reporter assays, full-length ETV1 was a strong transactivator, whereas dETV1 was not. However, several of the biological properties of dETV1 and full-length ETV1 were identical. On stable overexpression, both induced migration and invasion of immortalized nontumorigenic PNT2C2 prostate epithelial cells. In contrast to dETV1, full-length ETV1 also induced anchorage-independent growth of these cells. PNT2C2 cells stably transfected with dETV1 or full-length ETV1 expression constructs showed small differences in induced expression of target genes. Many genes involved in tumor invasion/metastasis, including uPA/uPAR and MMPs, were up-regulated in both cell types. Integrin beta3 (ITGB3) was clearly up-regulated by full-length ETV1 but much less by dETV1. Based on the present data and on previous findings, a novel concept of the role of dETV1 and of full-length ETV1 overexpression in prostate cancer is proposed.
Reply to Rocco Damiano and Riccardo Autorino’s Letter to the Editor re: Hooman Djaladat, Parvin Tajik, Pooya Payandemehr and Sara Alehashemi. Ureteral Catheterization in Uncomplicated Ureterolithotripsy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2007;52:836–41
Authors: Hooman Djaladat
Journal: European Urology (2007)
CULPRIT LESION MORPHOLOGY IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI): THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL VH-IVUS SUBSTUDY
Authors: Bernhard Witzenbichler, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, So-Yeon Choi, Xiaofan Wu, Yong He, Ovidiu Dressler, Ecaterina Cristia, Helen Praise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
South African health service must strengthen infection control measures
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Africa's public healthcare facilities, groaning under the weight of the AIDS epidemic, have inadequate infection control measures, a report commissioned by its Department of Health says.

The report followed research into the impact of HIV and AIDS on the health sector and was conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council—a state owned research facility.

The overall conclusions of the report include the fact that some 20% of younger healthworkers (aged 18 to 35) are estimated to be infected with the virus, suggesting that 16% will die from AIDS related …
Baker's asthma related to soybean lecithin exposure
Authors: F. Lavaud, D. Perdu, A. Prévost, H. Vallerand, C. Cossart, F. Passemard
Journal: Allergy (1994)

We report two cases of soybean‐lecithin‐induced asthma in bakers. The patients experienced clinical symptoms in relation to an occupational exposure to this additive. Skin tests were positive with soybean lecithin, RAST showed a sensitization to soybean, and bronchial challenge tests were positive for a dilution of 10 ‐3 with this allergen. The same tests remained negative among healthy and asthmatic controls. Soybean lecithin, a common additive in bakery, must be added to the list of numerous aeroallergens involved in baker's asthma.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 years.
Authors: B Lindblad, N H Sternby, D Bergqvist
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism in all necropsy reports over 30 years. DESIGN--Study of all necropsies in one hospital in 1987 and longitudinal analysis of results of necropsy in 1957, 1964, 1975, and 1987. SETTING--Departments of general surgery, infectious diseases, internal medicine, oncology, and orthopaedics in a Swedish general hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Number of cases of venous thromboembolism. RESULTS--About a third of all necropsies showed venous thromboembolism. In 1987, 260 of 347 necropsies showing venous thromboembolism found pulmonary embolism, of which 93 were classified as fatal, 90 as contributory, and 77 as incidental. Only 21 contributory or fatal postoperative pulmonary emboli were seen. In only 106 of 260 patients with pulmonary embolism did routine necropsy not show the source of embolism. Calf veins were not routinely examined. Deep venous thrombosis was seen in 239 patients in 1987. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the four years studied was remarkably stable except in the department of orthopaedics, where the proportion fell from 60.7% in 1975 to 32.2% in 1987 (p less than 0.05), although there were only a few patients. CONCLUSIONS--The overall incidence of venous thromboembolism has not changed over 30 years. During this period the proportion of the population aged over 65 has doubled, and this may have masked the beneficial effects of prophylaxis and early mobilisation. Prevalences corrected for age are needed.
Measuring fairness across cultural contexts
Authors: Edmund Fantino, Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino, Arthur Kennelly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Future economic game research should include: (1) within-culture comparisons between individuals exposed and not exposed to market integration; (2) use of a game (such as the “Sharing Game”) that enables subjects to maximize their earnings while also maximizing those of the other participant; and (3) assessment of performance in a repeated-trials format that might encourage sensitivity to the games' economic contingencies.
Alterations in left ventricular geometry, wall stress, and ejection performance after correction of congenital aortic stenosis.
Authors: G W Dorn, R Donner, M E Assey, J F Spann, H B Wiles, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Children with congenital aortic stenosis have "excessive" left ventricular hypertrophy with reduced resting systolic wall stress that allows for supernormal ejection performance. If aortic stenosis is uncorrected, this pattern persists until adulthood. The effect of removing the aortic pressure gradient on left ventricular hypertrophy and wall stress in children with congenital aortic stenosis is unknown. To test the hypothesis that removal of the stimulus for hypertrophy by aortic valve replacement or repair would normalize left ventricular mass and wall stress, we measured left ventricular ejection performance, wall stress, and contractile function in seven patients at cardiac catheterization before and 36 +/- 7 months after surgical correction of congenital aortic stenosis. After aortic valve replacement or repair, the aortic valve gradient fell from 87 +/- 12 to 7 +/- 4 mm Hg, and peak left ventricular pressure fell from 187 +/- 14 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased postoperatively from 86 +/- 4% to 74 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001), whereas velocity of circumferential fiber shortening decreased from 2.15 +/- 0.15 to 1.6 +/- 0.11 (p less than 0.002). Left ventricular mass remained unchanged preoperatively (121 +/- 14 g/m2) and postoperatively (121 +/- 16 g/m2), but wall thickness (h) decreased in relation to ventricular radius (r) (h/r = 0.55 +/- 0.05 preoperatively, 0.36 +/- 0.02 postoperatively; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dye Entering Subarachnoid Space Through a Bleeding Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 46-year-old housewife suffered a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage from an internal carotid aneurysm. Cerebral angiography performed during this hemorrhage demonstrated angiographic dye coursing up the internal carotid artery, entering the aneurysm, spouting into subarachnoid space, and flowing down the clivus. The roentgenographic demonstration of dye entering subarachnoid space was found in four fatal cases of bleeding aneurysm in the literature. The rarity of this phenomenon probably reflects the evanescence of the actual bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm.
The load of inspiratory muscles in patients needing mechanical ventilation.
Authors: S G Zakynthinos, T Vassilakopoulos, C Roussos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We studied 31 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure in two stages: (1) During spontaneous breathing through the respirator, switching from full mechanical assistance to continuous positive airway pressure mode with 0 cm H2O pressure. We measured maximum inspiratory pressure and continuously monitored the pattern of breathing. After 8 to 25 min, none of the patients were able to sustain spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation was required to resume. (2) Subsequently, during mechanical ventilation, by manipulating the variables of the ventilator we simulated the pattern of spontaneous breathing the patients had just before the re-institution of mechanical ventilation. We assessed the respiratory mechanics by the constant flow end-inspiratory and end-expiratory occlusion method. Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure was present in 29 patients. The ratio of the mean inspiratory pressure per breath over the maximum inspiratory pressure (Pi/pimax), as well as Ppeak/pimax, had excessively high mean values, equal to 0.42 +/- 0.11 and 0.56 +/- 0.10, respectively. Pressure-time index was 0.14 +/- 0.04. When we plotted the Pi/Pimax and Ppeak/Pimax against the dynamic increase in FRC, we found that the Pi/Pimax of 13 patients (42%) and the Ppeak/Pimax of 25 of 31 patients (81%) were placed above a hypothetical critical line, representing the critical inspiratory pressures above which fatigue may occur. In addition, almost all patients were gathered around the critical line. We conclude that during discontinuation from mechanical ventilation (MV) almost all patients breathe against a high inspiratory load and their inspiratory muscles perform work that may lead to fatigue.
FLT3 expression initiates in fully multipotent mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Natalija Buza-Vidas, Petter Woll, Anne Hultquist, Sara Duarte, Michael Lutteropp, Tiphaine Bouriez-Jones, Helen Ferry, Sidinh Luc, Sten Eirik Waelgaard Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2011)
Molecular analysis of mutations induced at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella by single chemicals and complex mixtures.
Authors: D M DeMarini, D A Bell, J G Levine, M L Shelton, A Abu-Shakra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

More single chemicals and complex environmental mixtures have been evaluated for mutagenicity at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella, primarily in strain TA98, than in any other mutation assay. The development of colony probe hybridization procedures and the application of the polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing has permitted rapid molecular access to this allele. We discuss these techniques and the resulting mutation spectra that have been induced by a variety of environmental mutagens and complex mixtures. A common GC or CG deletion within a hot-spot region of the sequence dominates most of the spectra. In addition to this two-base deletion, we have recovered about 200 other types of mutations within the 72-base target for reversion of the hisD3052 allele. These include a variety of deletions (as large as 35 bases), duplications (as large as 46 bases), and complex mutations involving base substitutions. The quasipalindromic nature of the target sequence and its potential to form DNA secondary structures and slippage mismatches appear to be an important basis for the mutability of this allele.
Angiotensin Skin Tests
Authors: BENJAMIN JABLONS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The studies reported above indicate that the angiotensin skin test (A.S.T.) is a simple practical measure which has proved of value in differentiating between normotensive and hypertensive individuals. The duration of the blanching of skin by the test differs significantly in normotensives as compared with hypertensives. The test has served as an index [see figure in the PDF file] of differentiation between an emotionally induced elevation of blood pressure and one which may go on to an established hypertensive state. The A.S.T. is a more reliable test in the diagnosis of the latent, labile, or prehypertensive state than is the cold pressor test. Angiotensin-induced hypertension induces a prolongation of the A.S.T. as compared with control periods.
P17.43 * SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS PREDICTS SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: H. E. Leeper, D. R. Johnson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with access to health care in the United States. Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) require intensive therapy from time of diagnosis to the end of life, and reduced access to health care could negatively impact survival. To evaluate whether SES is associated with overall survival in patients with GBM, we analyzed population-based cancer registry data. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program tracks cancer incidence and survival in the United States. SEER data is collected within 18 geographically defined areas representing approximately 28% of the United States population. We obtained a custom SEER data set containing information on GBM diagnosed in the 2000-2010 period, excluding prior diagnoses of lower grade glioma, as well as information on census-tract level SES divided into quintiles based on the Yost index, which includes measures of occupation, unemployment, poverty, income, education and house values. JMP 9.0.1 software was utilized to evaluate GBM survival via Kaplan-Meier analyses as well as univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: A total of 26,481 patients with glioblastoma on whom SES data was available were included in the analysis group. In order from lowest to highest SES quintile, median survival was 5 months, 6 months, 6 months, 7 months, and 9 months (p < 0.0001). The association between SES and survival was not driven solely by poor outcomes in the lowest SES group; the difference in survival between the middle and highest quintiles was also statistically significant (p < 0.0001). SES remained highly associated with survival in a multivariable model also including patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, radiation therapy usage (yes vs no), and surgery type (gross total resection vs other surgery vs no surgery). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between higher SES and increased survival after diagnosis of GBM in the United States. This effect may be due to later presentation with disease, less aggressive treatment after presentation, or a combination of these factors. It will be important to reassess this association in the future, to gauge the impact of upcoming changes to the United States healthcare payment system.
Psychosocial risks for low back pain: are these related to work?
Authors: D. A FISHBAIN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis caused by cyclosporin A (Sandimmun)Cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis to cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) has not been previously described.We report the case of a 37 year old man who presented with a 10 day history of a purpuric eruption aVecting both legs.He had been diagnosed as having psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy 12 years previously, on the basis of joint symptoms, sacroileitis, erosive arthropathy, increased acute phase reactants and positive HLA B27 status.His initial treatments had included oral gold (Auranofin) 3 mg three times per day and salazopyrine 3 g/day.Both were discontinued because of poor control of his joint disease.In July 1997 he was given oral cyclosporin A (Neoral) 50 mg/day, which was increased to 100 mg/day.This was discontinued in January 1998 because of symptoms of fatigue.In April 1998, after further flares of his arthropathy, he was given Sandimmun 50 mg/day by his general practitioner.Within one month of this he developed an acute skin eruption.He was otherwise well and receiving no other medication except indomethacin 150 mg/day, which he had been taking since 1986.On examination, there was a palpable, non-tender, purpuric eruption with necrotising ulceration localised to both lower legs.Routine haematology, biochemistry and urine analysis were normal.Skin biopsy showed a leucocytoclastic vasculitis with heavy dermal neutrophilic infiltrate and few eosinophils (fig 1).Gram stain for organisms was negative.The Sandimmun was discontinued and over a two month period, the purpuric eruption and ulcers healed with residual scarring.
β-PDGF receptor expressed by hepatic stellate cells regulates fibrosis in murine liver injury, but not carcinogenesis
Authors: Peri Kocabayoglu, Abigale Lade, Youngmin A. Lee, Ana-Cristina Dragomir, Xiaochen Sun, Maria Isabel Fiel, Swan Thung, Costica Aloman, Philippe Soriano, Yujin Hoshida, Scott L. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Longlasting insecticidal nets for prevention of Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal: paired cluster randomised trial
Authors: A. Picado, S. P. Singh, S. Rijal, S. Sundar, B. Ostyn, F. Chappuis, S. Uranw, K. Gidwani, B. Khanal, M. Rai, I. S. Paudel, M. L. Das, R. Kumar, P. Srivastava, J. C. Dujardin, V. Vanlerberghe, E. W. Andersen, C. R. Davies, M. Boelaert
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To test the effectiveness of large scale distribution of longlasting nets treated with insecticide in reducing the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in India and Nepal. <b>Design</b> Paired cluster randomised controlled trial designed to detect a 50% reduction in incidence of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> infection. <b>Setting</b> Villages in Muzaffarpur district in India and Saptari, Sunsari, and Morang districts in Nepal. <b>Participants</b> 13 intervention and 13 control clusters. 12 691 people were included in the analysis of the main outcome (infection), and 19 810 were enrolled for the secondary (disease) end point. <b>Intervention</b> Longlasting insecticidal nets (treated with deltamethrin) were distributed in the intervention clusters in December 2006. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Infection was determined by direct agglutination test at 12 and 24 months after the intervention in those who had negative results (titre &lt;1:1600) at baseline. The effect estimate was computed as the geometric mean of the risk ratios for seroconversion for each cluster pair (net/no net), with its 95% confidence interval. Formal tests of effect of no intervention were obtained with a paired <i>t</i> test. <b>Results</b> There was no significant difference in the risk of seroconversion over 24 months in intervention (5.4%; 347/6372) compared with control (5.5%; 345/6319 people) clusters (risk ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.65) nor in the risk of clinical visceral leishmaniasis (0.99, 0.46 to 1.40). Adjustment for covariates did not alter these conclusions. <b>Conclusions</b> There is no evidence that large scale distribution of longlasting insecticidal nets provides additional protection against visceral leishmaniasis compared with existing control practice in the Indian subcontinent. The observed effect was small and not significant, though the confidence intervals did not exclude a 50% change in either direction. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT 2005-015374.
VISUAL AID IN TEACHING RADIATION THERAPY
Authors: Oscar H. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Visual aids in teaching are recognized as important adjuncts to proper training of medical and dental students and physicians. In the field of radiation therapy, since radiation beams are invisible by ordinary methods and potentially harmful to observers where they can be shown, the use of a translucent anatomic model with a light beam to simulate the central ray of the x-ray therapy beam is of value for teaching accuracy in directing the radiation beams. Students, residents, and physicians in all fields of medicine, particularly in radiation therapy, can appreciate the importance of proper placement and aiming of the beam of irradiation. Especially where small treatment fields are being used, slight variations in the proper angulation may only partially cover an area to be treated, resulting in inadequate dosage to the tumor being treated. This can be readily visualized with the beam directed into the translucent model.1  An anatomic
Dendritic Cell Involvement in Pulmonary Granuloma Formation Elicited by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Rats
Authors: Tomoyoshi Tsuchiya, Kingo Chida, Takafumi Suda, Eveline E. Schneeberger, Hirotoshi Nakamura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in initiating the primary immune response. However, their role in granulomatous inflammation has not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of DCs in granuloma formation. Using a rat model of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-elicited pulmonary granulomas, we investigated the distribution of DCs in the granulomas by immunohistochemistry with a rat-DC–specific monoclonal antibody, OX62. We found numerous large, pleiomorphic OX62+ cells accumulating at the borders of the pulmonary granulomas. The OX62+ cells isolated from the granulomatous lung showed intense surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, B7–1, and B7–2, and a lack of T cell– and monocyte/macrophage-specific markers. Their ultrastructural morphology was characteristic of DCs. Functionally, they had potent capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells as well as purified protein derivative-specific syngeneic T cells in the absence of exogenous peptides. Based on these findings, the OX62+ cells infiltrating the granulomas were considered to be DCs expressing BCG-derived peptides. These results indicate that DCs contribute to pulmonary granuloma formation elicited by BCG by means of their potent antigen-presenting function, providing a novel insight into DC function in T cell–mediated granulomatous immune responses.
The Evolution and Eradication of Infectious Diseases
Authors: William L. Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Cockburn is well trained and has had impressive experience with infectious diseases around the world. He describes his book as "a bird's-eye view of the relationships between host, parasite, and environment" and states that a specialist "is likely to find errors and omissions within his special knowledge." The first chapter, "The Role of Speculation in Research," notes common distrust of "speculation," as, for example, the prejudice (based partly on negative experiments) of malariologists against considering simian malaria important in human disease until the recent demonstration of mosquito transmissibility to humans of<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>-like simian parasites. In chapters on "Evolutionary Background," "Paleoepidemiology," "The Evolution of Infectious Diseases," and "The Species Concept in Microbiology," the author applies principles of evolution and genetics in speculating on the development of pathogenic organisms from originally "free living forms." He cites the recent discovery of<i>Treponema zuelzerae</i>(which contains "Reiter antigen") as an example