tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body Surface Cultures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lucia Pacifico
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We have read the article by Evans et al,<sup>1</sup>which determined how frequently body surface cultures may identify the infant at risk for sepsis during a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We would like to report our surveillance survey in an NICU where the incidence of a specific pathogen has been high and where surface cultures could have an important role in identifying the neonates at risk of infection. <h3>Study.—</h3> During the last five years,<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>has accounted for up to 50% of the infections in the NICU at our institution. We therefore carried out a 12-month survey of the epidemiology of<i>P aeruginosa</i>in our NICU. We prospectively studied 62 newborns who were admitted to the NICU within 24 hours of birth and remained there for at least three days. A total of 2097 samples from the neonates were processed.
Mutations and prognosis in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: A M Vannucchi, T L Lasho, P Guglielmelli, F Biamonte, A Pardanani, A Pereira, C Finke, J Score, N Gangat, C Mannarelli, R P Ketterling, G Rotunno, R A Knudson, M C Susini, R R Laborde, A Spolverini, A Pancrazzi, L Pieri, R Manfredini, E Tagliafico, R Zini, A Jones, K Zoi, A Reiter, A Duncombe, D Pietra, E Rumi, F Cervantes, G Barosi, M Cazzola, N C P Cross, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Systemic glucocorticoid treatment decreases serum concentrations of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen
Authors: A. OIKARINEN, P. AUTIO, J. VUORI, K. VAANANEN, LEILA RISTELI, U. KIISTALA, J. RISTELI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The effect of systemic glucocorticoid treatment on collagen synthesis in patients with various dermatoses was studied by measuring the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) in serum. Changes in the propeptide concentrations were compared with those of osteocalcin, which reflects osteoblastic activity, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), which reflects osteoclastic activity. The treatment caused significant decreases in levels of PICP, PIIINP and osteocalcin of 38, 34 and 49%, respectively (P<0.001). For TRAP, both increases and decreases were seen. The effects on PICP and PIIINP were evident 2–4 days after the onset of steroid therapy. The decreases in PICP was dose-related (r=0.470, P<0.005) but even relatively small doses (0.1 mg of prednisone/kg/1 day) caused a significant reduction in PICP. After cessation of treatment, the levels of PICP returned to the pretreatment level in 1 week. The present study demonstrates that systemic glucocorticoid therapy in humans suppresses the synthesis of type I and III collagens and also non-collagenous bone matrix proteins.
Counselling HIV positive haemophilic men who wish to have children.
Authors: E. Goldman, R. Miller, C. A. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1992)

All citizens of the United Kingdom, including people with HIV and AIDS, are awarded rights under international law which the United Kingdom government has agreed to uphold.Among these rights, which exist in international treaties,' are the right to marry, the right to found a family, and the right to education.Many haemophilic men were infected with HIV as a result of the administration of clotting factor concentrates before it was known that they were contaminated with HIV.A proportion of these were adolescent or young men who then, or later, had stable relationships and wished to have children.
Long-Term Shigella-Carrier State
Authors: Myron M. Levine, Herbert L. DuPont, Mohammed Khodabandelou, Richard B. Hornick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

ALTHOUGH long-term asymptomatic carrier state and excretion of salmonellae1 , 2 and Vibrio cholerae 3 , 4 are well documented, little is known of long-term excretion of shigella organisms. This report describes two patients, an institutionalized mentally retarded child and a prison inmate,* who were true long-term carriers of Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri 2a, respectively, after clinical infection.Case ReportsCase 1. A 17-year-old boy with psychomotor retardation who had been institutionalized since 1960 at Rosewood State Hospital was ambulatory but incapable of intelligible speech. In December, 1967, he had dysentery due to Group B shigella. Antibiotics gave a swift clinical response, and stool . . .
Defects in Hemopoietic Stem Cell Activity in <i>Ikaros</i> Mutant Mice
Authors: Aliki Nichogiannopoulou, Maryanne Trevisan, Steve Neben, Christoph Friedrich, Katia Georgopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Here we provide evidence that the Ikaros family of DNA binding factors is critical for the activity of hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mouse. Mice homozygous for an Ikaros null mutation display a &amp;gt;30-fold reduction in long-term repopulation units, whereas mice homozygous for an Ikaros dominant negative mutation have no measurable activity. The defect in HSC activity is also illustrated by the ability of wild-type marrow to repopulate unconditioned Ikaros mutants. A progressive reduction in multipotent CFU-S14 (colony-forming unit-spleen) progenitors and the earliest erythroid-restricted precursors (BFU-E [burst-forming unit-erythroid]) is also detected in the Ikaros mutant strains consistent with the reduction in HSCs. Nonetheless, the more mature clonogenic erythroid and myeloid precursors are less affected, indicating either the action of a compensatory mechanism to provide more progeny or a negative role of Ikaros at later stages of erythromyeloid differentiation. In Ikaros mutant mice, a decrease in expression of the tyrosine kinase receptors flk-2 and c-kit is observed in the lineage-depleted c-kit+Sca-1+ population that is normally enriched for HSCs and may in part contribute to the early hemopoietic phenotypes manifested in the absence of Ikaros.
Needed: A new theory
Authors: G. William Domhoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Dream content is more coherent, consistent over time, and continuous with waking emotional concerns than most brainstem-driven theories of dreaming allow, but dreaming probably has no adaptive function. A new neurocognitive perspective focusing on the forebrain system of dream generation should begin with the findings on dream content in adults and the developmental nature of dreaming in children. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Mirth and Oxygen Saturation Levels of Peripheral Blood
Authors: W.F. Fry, jr., P.E. Stoft
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

Considering the findings of this study, it can be concluded that whatever the effects of mirth on various areas of the cardiovascular system, on respiratory behavoir, and on autonomic nervous system function, this important and wide-spread emotional experience does not cause significant alterations in the level of circulating oxygen.
Some versions of joint commissioning
Authors: C Heginbotham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

When the NHS reforms were first implemented in 1991 most emphasis was placed on developing the provider function. Many senior NHS managers opted for operational management, perceiving purchasing as at best uninteresting and at worst trivial and unnecessary. Three years later things look different. The minister of health, Dr Brian Mawhinney, boosted purchasing through a series of three speeches last year,1 and several organisations concerned with health service management now take purchasing seriously.2

In parallel, some far sighted managers and doctors saw the need to develop purchasing by encouraging collaboration between district health authorities and family health services authorities. These “commissioning agencies” began to offer a more coherent view of what commissioning might achieve by overcoming longstanding bureaucratic boundaries. Some of the first developments were in North West Thames and Wessex regions, where the benefits of joint commissioning were recognised early on, and some authorities, such as the Dorset Commissioning Agency, became a role model for others.3,4

Nevertheless, joint commissioning has developed slowly. Reasons for this include the continuing independent statutory basis of both district health authorities and family health services authorities and the substantial effort that running two authorities in parallel entails; the challenge of bringing together organisations at different stages of development; and the need to translate a commitment from top managers to those in more junior management …
Comparison of Oxygen Poisoning of the Lung in Cyanotic and Acyanotic Dogs
Authors: William W. Miller, John A. Waldhausen, William J. Rashkind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Cyanosis was produced in dogs by the surgical creation of large intracardiac venoarterial shunts. Eight cyanotic and 10 acyanotic dogs were exposed, awake and unrestricted, to 1 atmosphere of 98 per cent to 100 per cent oxygen for two days. In each of the two groups of animals, a similar frequency and extent of pulmonary oxygen damage was found, as judged by the production of respiratory distress, atelectasis, alveolar edema and hemorrhage and abnormal surface tension of whole-lung extracts. Cyanosis did not protect against pulmonary injury from 100 per cent oxygen at 1 atmosphere for two days.
Medical Experiences in North Africa, 1943-4
Authors: T. C. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1944)

PROSTATE MEDICALI ORNAL5Case 9.-Aged 77; first seen in Dec., 1942, complaining of frequency of mictllrition and haematuria.The general condition was good.The prostate was indurated, with extension to the right pelvic wall.X-ray examination of the pelvis showed no abnormality.A course of high-voltage therapy was given in Jan., 1943.By July, 1943, the prostate was still hard and fixed and enlarged to the right.The plasma phosphatase values were: acid phosphatase 2.9 units, alkaline phosphatase 5.5 units.Stilboestrol dipropionate was administered from the end of July, 1943, in doses of 5 mg.daily by mouth.After one month frequency was less, but no change was observed on rectal examination.This was the condition when the patient was last seen in March, 1944.Case 10.-Aged 61; first seen in Sept., 1942.A suprapubic cystostomy had been performed elsewhere 20 months previously.The general condition was good.On rectal palpation the prostate was found to be enlarged and extremely hard.A clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate was made, and a course of high-voltage therapy given in Nov. and Dec., 1942.X-ray examination of the pelvis was normal.By Aug., 1943, there was little change in the size and consistency of the prostate.Radiogra,phs showed an abnormal opacity in the left ischium, but plasma phosphatase values were now: acid phosphatase 1.2 units, alkaline phosphatase 8 units.Stilboestrol was given in doses of 5 mg.b.d.orally.On re-examination at monthly intervals the condition remained unchanged.
The Bristol Experience
Authors: T. Brewin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Liz Hodgkinson, Jane Metcalfe Vermilion, pounds sterling 8.99, pp 150 ISBN 0 09 178980 X

Unconventional clinics for patients with cancer have long existed in other parts of the world, but not in Britain. In 1971 so great was the public interest in the Issels clinic in Bavaria—after the athlete Lillian Board had been a patient there—that Sir David Smithers and two other cancer specialists were asked by the government of the day to visit and report back. They found little to say in its favour, but this probably served only to increase the enthusiasm of Penny Brohn, an acupuncturist and young mother, devastated to find some years after this that she had localised breast cancer.

After “nine long, lonely weeks” in the clinic at a cost of around pounds sterling100 a day she returned to Bristol, where she “talked excitedly, feverishly, about her plans for setting up something like the Issels Clinic in the UK”—saying to her friend and cofounder, Pat Pilkington, “together, we've got …
Sexual Problems: Diagnosis and Treatment in Medical Practice
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Based in part on a symposium offered at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine in 1964, this fairly brief volume is an eminently readable primer on sexual problems. Eighteen coauthors have contributed 22 short chapters which vary considerably in interest and degree of sophistication but which form a generally cohesive and well-rounded entity. Despite the multiple authorship, the degree of repetition is not annoying.  Emphasis is placed on classically accepted psychoanalytic interpretations which are presented briefly but lucidly. Several contributors rightfully stress the relative neglect in medical education of the important area of sexual problems. Possibly the most interesting, and most controversial, chapter is Greenson's Masculinity and Femininity in our Time, in which the author emphasizes the idea that American women have become sexually more aggressive while American males have been demasculinized. Thus, psychological differences between the sexes have become increasingly blurred in our current society. Hopefully,
US has oversupply of doctors
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The US has far too many doctors, and immediate steps must be taken to cut the number of junior doctors, said a committee from the Institute of Medicine last week. The institute, in Washington DC, is a non-profit making organisation that provides health policy advice under a charter granted to the National Academy of Sciences.

“In the past two decades the number of physicians has grown one and a half times the rate of the general population, increasing from 150 per 100000 people in 1970 to 245 in 1992,” …
THE EPINEPHRINE-MECHOLYL TEST APPLIED TO A STATE HOSPITAL POPULATION
Authors: PANDELIS K. PANDELIDIS, ROBERT D. BUSIEK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The Funkenstein test was given to 132 patients newly admitted to a large state hospital. It was concluded that the test probably is capable of giving valuable prognostic information about such patients. The possibility that it gives an indication of the most effective form of therapy was also raised.
Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate Altitudes
Authors: Richard W. Honsinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate AltitudesRichard W. Honsinger, MDRichard W. Honsinger, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:At first glance, I wondered why a prestigious medical journal such as Annals accepted a research article based on no more data than a questionnaire filled out by sojourners attending conferences at ski resorts [1]. The identified major symptoms of acute mountain sickness are headache, sleep disturbance, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Couldn't these complaints be related to prolonged travel, the onset of vacation, and a bit of holiday partying?Careful analysis of the data of Honigman and colleagues shows [1], however, that the epidemiology of the study participants' symptoms more closely follows the epidemiology of ...REFERENCE1. Honigman B, Theis MK, Koziol-McLain J, Roach R, Yip R, Houston C, et al. Acute mountain sickness in a general tourist population at moderate altitudes. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:587-92. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 633-634KeywordsAlcoholsAltitude sicknessDyspneaEpidemiologyFatigueHeadachesLungsQuestionnairesSleep Issue Published: 1 October 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Red cell superoxide dismutase and sickle cell anemia symptom severity
Authors: Lee P. Schacter, Bert C. Delvillano, Erlinda M. Gordon, Bruce L. Klein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Patients with sickle cell anemia vary in the severity of their symptoms but the basis of this variability is unknown. We have tested the hypothesis that this variability is related to differences in the activity of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD). The amount of superoxide dismutase I (SOD) enzyme activity in red cells of patients with different degrees of symptom severity and healthy black and white controls was measured and correlated with symptom severity in SCA patients. Blacks with normal (AA) hemoglobin had significantly (p &lt; 0.001) more SOD activity (1.82 U/mg Hb) than white controls (1.44 U/mg Hb). Patients with moderate or severe symptoms had less SOD activity (1.16 and 0.95 U/mg Hb, respectively) than control blacks or SCA patients with mild symptoms (1.62 U/mg Hb). The correlation of SOD activity and symptom severity was not a function of age or sex and was unrelated to reticulocyte count or fetal hemoglobin level.
ANTIGENIC STREPTOCOCCAL HEMOLYSIN
Authors: E. W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. Normal serum, used in cultures for preparation of the streptolysin, modifies the properties of the streptolysin, causing delayed hemolysis, increased filterability, resistance to oxidation or reduction, and absence of antigenicity. 1. Streptolysin prepared without serum is an active antigen. 3. Similar temperatures are required to destroy the antigenic activity of serum-free streptolysin and the skin reactivity of Dick toxin. 4. Scarlet fever antitoxin contains antistreptolysin which does not neutralise serum streptolysin and which can be detected only by titration against serum-free streptolysin. 5. The antihemolysin which neutralises serum-free streptolysin is species-specific but not type-specific.
Prolonged duration of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease and impaired cardiopulmonary baroreceptor sensitivity.
Authors: B Trimarco, S Chierchia, G Lembo, N De Luca, B Ricciardelli, G Condorelli, M Volpe, M Condorelli
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To investigate the potential contribution of cardiopulmonary reflexes in myocardial ischemia, the coronary vascular response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading and the number and the duration of spontaneous episodes of symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia were evaluated in 23 patients with coronary heart disease. Lower-body negative pressure at -10 mm Hg, which causes selective deactivation of cardiopulmonary receptors, reduced left ventricular filling pressure in all patients, but calculated coronary vascular resistance increased in only 14 patients (from 0.846 +/- 0.1 to 1.07 +/- 0.1 mm Hg/ml/min, p less than 0.01) (group 1). In the remaining nine patients, coronary resistance did not change during cardiopulmonary receptor unloading (group 2). A 60-mm Hg increase in neck tissue pressure, which induces arterial baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation, caused comparable coronary vasoconstriction in the two groups. Clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar, except that a lower ejection fraction was measured in group 1 (45 +/- 2% vs. 56 +/- 1%, p less than 0.01). In the 14 patients in group 1, 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring showed 151 episodes of myocardial ischemia (average individual value, 10.8 +/- 1), 137 of which were asymptomatic, with an individual daily ischemic period of 62 +/- 6 minutes. In contrast, the nine patients in group 2 had only symptomatic episodes of myocardial ischemia, and the daily ischemic period in these patients was longer than in patients of group 1 (104 +/- 10 minutes, p less than 0.01). After a 3-day treatment with digitalis, the patients of group 2 showed 38 asymptomatic episodes of myocardial ischemia and a shorter daily ischemic period (85 +/- 6 minutes, p less than 0.01 vs. control conditions). In contrast, no change in number and duration of the ischemic episodes was detected in group 1. The effects of acute administration of digitalis (Lanatoside-C 0.02 mg/kg body wt e.v.) on the coronary vascular response to cardiopulmonary receptor unloading were assessed in a separate group of patients with ischemic heart disease. Digitalis treatment did not significantly modify the magnitude of the coronary vascular response induced by -10 mm Hg lower-body negative pressure in the patients showing in control conditions an increase of coronary vascular resistance greater than 20% of the basal value during cardiopulmonary receptor unloading. On the contrary, digitalis potentiated the coronary reflex response to -10 mm Hg lower-body negative pressure in the patients with impaired cardiopulmonary responsiveness (delta percent increase in coronary vascular resistance: 1 +/- 1% in control conditions; 23 +/- 3.9% after digitalis, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Combination of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid is more Effective than Either Alone in Reducing Biliary Cholesterol Saturation
Authors: Mauro Podda, Massimo Zuin, Maria L. Dioguardi, Susanna Festorazzi, Nicola Dioguardi
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The effects on biliary lipids of 10 mg per kg per day of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 10 mg per kg per day of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and their equimolar combination (5 mg per kg per day of each), all administered for 45 to 60 days, were investigated in 18 patients with gallstones in a double-blind study with a balanced latin square design. The molar percentage of cholesterol in bile (initial value 9.7 +/- 2.2) was significantly lower after UDCA (5.4 +/- 1.3) and the combination (5.2 +/- 1.2) than after CDCA (7.2 +/- 1.7). Nevertheless, when the ability to solubilize cholesterol was calculated, taking into account the percentage of biliary UDCA, then the differences in cholesterol saturation induced by UDCA alone and the combination also became considerable (saturation index: 0.94 +/- 0.12 as compared to 0.81 +/- 0.12). The total bile acid pool increased significantly after treatment with CDCA and the combination, but not after UDCA. Lithocholic acid was increased significantly only by treatment with CDCA. Diarrhea was observed in five patients with hypertransaminasemia and in four patients after CDCA, whereas both UDCA and the combination were well-tolerated. We conclude that the administration of a combination of equimolar doses of CDCA and UDCA can be recommended for medical treatment of gallstones since it has greater effects on bile cholesterol saturation than either alone, is better tolerated than CDCA, and is less expensive than UDCA.