tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of bone marrow cells reduces CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Isao Sakaida, Shuji Terai, Naoki Yamamoto, Koji Aoyama, Tsuyoshi Ishikawa, Hiroshi Nishina, Kiwamu Okita
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We investigated the effect of bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation on established liver fibrosis. BMCs of green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were transplanted into 4-week carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated C57BL6 mice through the tail vein, and the mice were treated for 4 more weeks with CCl4 (total, 8 weeks). Sirius red and GFP staining clearly indicated migrated BMCs existing along with fibers, with strong expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 shown by anti-MMP-9 antibodies and in situ hybridization. Double fluorescent immunohistochemistry showed the expression of MMP-9 on the GFP-positive cell surface. Film in situ zymographic analysis revealed strong gelatinolytic activity in the periportal area coinciding with the location of MMP-9-positive BMCs. Four weeks after BMC transplantation, mice had significantly reduced liver fibrosis, as assessed by hydroxyproline content of the livers, compared to that of mice treated with CCl4 alone. Subpopulation of Liv8-negative BMCs was responsible for this fibrolytic effect. In conclusion, mice with BMC transplants with continuous CCl4 injection had reduced liver fibrosis and a significantly improved survival rate after BMC transplantation compared with mice treated with CCl4 alone. This finding introduces a new concept for the therapy of liver fibrosis.
The World Medical Association: can hope triumph over experience?
Authors: T Richards
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The World Medical Association was set up in 1947 in the wake of outrage about war crimes committed by doctors in Hitler's Germany. For nearly 50 years it has lurched from one controversy to another, arguing within itself about its funding, its voting system, and the representativeness and political affiliation of some of its member medical associations. The BMA withdrew from the association in 1984, supporting a breakaway "Toronto" group including Canada, the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Jamaica. All but Britain and Jamaica have now rejoined and membership is growing, but the association is still struggling to gain credibility and clout. After 20 years of part time stewardship the recent appointment of a new full time secretary general has fuelled expectations that internal reforms will be implemented, and the WMA's standing and profile improved.
The Prevalence of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Suspected Paradoxical Embolism
Authors: Claudia Stollberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of venous thrombosis in patients with suspected paradoxical embolism. Design: Observational study. Patients: Two hundred sixty-four patients with clinically suspected embolic events underwent contrast transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation. Forty-nine patients (24 women, 25 men) had a patent foramen ovale. Forty-one patients had acute stroke, and 8 had acute limb ischemia. Setting: Echocardiography laboratory of a community hospital. Measurements: The presence of a patent foramen ovale was assessed by transesophageal contrast echocardiography. Forty-two patients had venographic evaluation of the lower-extremity venous system. Results: Venous thrombosis was clinically suspected in 6 patients and documented in 24 of the 42 patients with patent foramen ovale who underwent venographic study (57%; 95% CI, 41% to 72%). Venous thrombosis was confined to calf or popliteal veins in 15 cases. Fifteen of 17 patients who had venographic evaluation within 7 days of the index event had thrombosis compared with 9 of 25 patients who had later evaluations (P = 0.001). More patients with venous thrombosis than without venous thrombosis had a history of previous thromboembolism (13 of 24 compared with 1 of 8, respectively; P = 0.001). Conclusion: When a patent foramen ovale is detected in a patient with embolism, occult leg vein thrombosis is frequently present.
Gum Overgrowth Mutation
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contribution of endogenous endothelin-1 to the progression of cardiopulmonary alterations in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: T Miyauchi, R Yorikane, S Sakai, T Sakurai, M Okada, M Nishikibe, M Yano, I Yamaguchi, Y Sugishita, K Goto
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have potent contractile and proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and is known to induce myocardial cell hypertrophy. We studied the pathophysiological role of endogenous ET-1 in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Four-week-old rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT rats) or saline (control rats) and were killed after 6, 10, 14, 18, and 25 days. In the MCT rats, right ventricular systolic pressure progressively increased and right ventricular hypertrophy developed in a parallel fashion. The venous plasma ET-1 concentration also progressively increased, and this increase preceded the development of pulmonary hypertension. The isolated pulmonary artery exhibited a significantly weaker response to ET-1 in the MCT rats on day 25 but not on days 6 and 14. In the MCT rats, the expression of prepro ET-1 mRNA as measured by Northern blot analysis significantly increased in the heart on days 18 and 25, whereas it gradually decreased in the lungs. The peptide level of ET-1 in the lungs also significantly decreased in the pulmonary hypertensive stage. The expression of prepro ET-1 mRNA had increased by day 6 only in the kidneys. Continuous infusion of BQ-123, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, by an osmotic minipump (14.3 mg per day per rat for 18 days) significantly inhibited the progression of both pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure, 77.8 +/- 4.2 [mean +/- SEM] mm Hg [n = 10] versus 52.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg [n = 7]; P &lt; .01) and right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricle/[left ventricle +/- septum], 0.56 +/- 0.03 [n = 10] versus 0.41 +/- 0.02 [n = 7]; P &lt; .01). Histological examination revealed that BQ-123 also effectively prevented pulmonary arterial medial thickening. The inhibition of right ventricular hypertrophy by BQ-123 may be partly ascribed to the blockade of excessive stimulation of the heart by ET-1, in addition to the prevention of pulmonary hypertension. The present findings suggest that endogenous ET-1 contributes to the progression of cardiopulmonary alterations in rats with MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension.
The Rhizome of Life: The Sympatric Rickettsia felis Paradigm Demonstrates the Random Transfer of DNA Sequences
Authors: V. Merhej, C. Notredame, M. Royer-Carenzi, P. Pontarotti, D. Raoult
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

The intracellular flea symbiont, Rickettsia felis, may meet other organisms intracellularly such as R. typhi. We used a single-gene phylogenetic approach of the 1375 R. felis genes to look for horizontal transfers that occurred as a result of the bacterial promiscuity with other organisms. Our results showed that besides genes that are linked to the Spotted Fever Group, 165 genes have a different history and are linked to other Rickettsia such as R. bellii (107 genes), R. typhi (15 genes), or to other bacteria such as Legionella sp. and Francisella sp. or to eukaryotes. Among these genes, we identified 73 individual genes and 34 spatial clusters containing 2–4 adjacent genes, a total of 79 genes, with evidence of en bloc transfer. We described 13 chimeric genes resulting from gene recombination with sympatric R. typhi. The transferred DNA sequences present different sizes and functions, suggesting that the horizontal transfer in R. felis is random and neutral within its specific host. Our study shows that the strict intracellular bacteria R. felis exhibits a mosaic genome. We therefore developed a new representation for the evolutionary history of R. felis showing its different putative ancestors in the form of a rhizome.
Case 5-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, G. Robert DeLong, John J. Halperin, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of progressive dementia.The patient was the first child of a 25-year-old mother, who had an uneventful pregnancy, labor, and delivery. His developmental milestones were normal. He earned As and Bs in school until the age of 11 years, when his performance began to deteriorate, and he complained of not feeling well enough to participate in sports. He barely passed the eighth grade. The ninth grade had to be repeated, and a tutor was obtained for him. He became progressively withdrawn, discontinued most activities, lost all his friends, . . .
Hemorrhage from Rupture of Utero-Ovarian Vein
Authors: Coleman C. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Hemorrhage from a ruptured utero-ovarian vein is an unusual but serious complication of pregnancy, carrying a high mortality. Because this catastrophe is seldom seen, rarely reported, and practically impossible to find in the usual textbooks on obstetrics, it must be concluded that most physicians, like ourselves, have not been aware of the entity. It is for this reason that we are reporting such a case and discussing the problem as a surgical emergency. This entity must be understood, recognized early, and treated with dispatch, if sudden and unnecessary tragedy is to be averted.  Massive bleeding from the enlarged, distended, and often varix-like veins of the utero-ovarian structures during pregnancy may occur in three different forms. Bleeding may be free into the abdominal cavity; it may develop as a retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the tissues of the broad ligament or pelvis; or it may occur as a combination of retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal
A Sobering Perspective on a Lower Blood Alcohol Limit
Authors: Robert F. Anda
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Because many drivers with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) above 0.05% but below the "usual" legal limit of 0.10% are significantly impaired, we agree with the American Medical Association's proposal that a BAC of 0.05% be established as "per se illegal for driving."<sup>1</sup>However, we wish to point out some of the practical issues related to enforcing such a policy. Lowering the legal BAC will increase the number of drivers who should be identified and tested by police officers. Because there are no good measurements (ie, data from roadblocks) to estimate the number of persons who drive with BACs of 0.05% or higher, the best estimate may be self-reports of driving while impaired. <h3>Study.—</h3> We estimated the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving in Michigan by analyzing a random telephone survey of 1492 Michigan adults (18 years old or older) conducted during June and July 1982 as part
Liver Disease in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. N. EADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Histological abnormalities were found in 94% of the wedge biopsies taken at colectomy from 132 of 138 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis during 1959-1963. Fatty infiltration occurred in 45% and was related to severity of colitis but unrelated to any other histological features. It was also related to moderate elevation of alkaline phosphatase whereas a positive correlation with reduced serum albumin was probably an indirect reflection of clinical severity. Inflammatory change was present in 73%; cirrhosis, in 3.8%. Severity of colitis was unrelated to the findings but chronic, continuous or colitis of long duration were significantly associated with increased fibrosis. Alkaline phosphatase elevations predominantly reflected bile ductular proliferation, serum globulin elevations, and inflammatory cellular infiltrations. Liver abnormalities were unrelated to blood transfusions; hepatotoxic drugs; previous jaundice; age of onset of colitis; or complications involving eyes, skin, or joints.
Clinical features and evolution of alveolar echinococcosis in France from 1982 to 2007: Results of a survey in 387 patients
Authors: Martine Piarroux, Renaud Piarroux, Roch Giorgi, Jenny Knapp, Karine Bardonnet, Bertrand Sudre, Jérôme Watelet, Jérôme Dumortier, Alain Gérard, Jean Beytout, Armand Abergel, Georges Mantion, Dominique A. Vuitton, Solange Bresson-Hadni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Improved cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo following targeting of HIV Gag to dendritic cells within human anti–human DEC205 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Cheolho Cheong, Jae-Hoon Choi, Laura Vitale, Li-Zhen He, Christine Trumpfheller, Leonia Bozzacco, Yoonkyung Do, Godwin Nchinda, Sung Ho Park, Durga Bhavani Dandamudi, Elina Shrestha, Maggi Pack, Han-Woong Lee, Tibor Keler, Ralph M. Steinman, Chae Gyu Park
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE CULTIVATION OF MONOCYTES IN FLUID MEDIUM
Authors: Lillian E. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Monocytes from blood and from spleen have been cultivated in fluid medium in Carrel flasks for over 2 months. Diluted serum supplied all the essential nutritive substances. Cultivation in fluid was made possible by adjusting the initial pH of the fluid to 7.4, and not allowing it to fall below 7.0 or 6.8. The cells remained in good condition when the pH was adjusted with either lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, or carbon dioxide. Adjustment with carbon dioxide was found to be more convenient and also more practical, since it does not destroy the buffer action of the medium. After 2 months of cultivation, the monocytes were in excellent condition and still proliferated actively. They gave every indication that indefinite multiplication could be maintained under the conditions of these experiments. It is hoped that this method of cultivation, with some modifications, will prove useful in studying the metabolism of these cells.
Measurement of cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in synovial tissue by digital image analysis
Authors: M C Kraan, M D Smith, H Weedon, M J Ahern, F C Breedveld, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Digital image analysis (DIA) offers the opportunity to quantify the stained area and staining intensity when synovial tissue (ST) is investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. This study aimed at determining the sensitivity of DIA compared with semiquantitative analysis (SQA). <h3>METHODS</h3> Paired ST samples were obtained from the knee joint of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with active disease and after follow up when complete clinical remission was achieved. ST samples of 10 subjects with non-inflammatory knee pain served as controls. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against interleukin 1β (IL1β) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was applied using two staining protocols with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) or<i>p</i>-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DAB) as dye. All sections were analysed semiquantitatively (0–4) and DIA of up to a maximum of 60 high power fields (HPF). The average integrated optical density was calculated as the product of the stained area (corrected for total tissue area) and the optical density. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Both SQA and DIA enabled the assessment of differences in IL1β and VCAM-1 expression between ST from active RA, RA in remission, and controls. SQA and DIA showed excellent correlations (IL1β<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.867; p&lt;0.0001: VCAM-1<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.828; p&lt;0.0001). A limited analysis of one region with six HPF still allowed adequate discrimination compared with an extended analysis of three regions with a total of 60 HPF. In general, the red dye (AEC) resulted in better discrimination than the brown (DAB) staining. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> DIA offers a reliable, reproducible, and sensitive analysis of ST sections stained for cytokines and adhesion molecules.
Relation between geometric dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man.
Authors: R A Goldstein, R L Kirkeeide, L L Demer, M Merhige, A Nishikawa, R W Smalling, N A Mullani, K L Gould
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To determine the relation between stenosis anatomy and perfusion in man, 31 patients had quantitative coronary arteriography and positron imaging (PET) with Rb-82 or N-13 ammonia at rest and after dipyridamole-handgrip stress. 10 patients were also studied after angioplasty (total stenoses = 41). Percent narrowing and absolute cross-sectional luminal area were related through a quadratic function to myocardial perfusion reserve determined with PET. Arteriographically determined coronary flow reserve was linearly related to relative myocardial perfusion reserve as expected, based on the derivation of equations for stenosis flow reserve. All of the correlations had considerable scatter, indicating that no single measurement derived by coronary arteriography was a good indicator of perfusion reserve by PET in individual patients. This study provides the relation between all anatomic dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man, and suggests that PET indicates the functional significance of coronary artery stenoses for clinical purposes.
Effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: G Turato, A Di Stefano, P Maestrelli, C E Mapp, M P Ruggieri, A Roggeri, L M Fabbri, M Saetta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To investigate the effect of smoking cessation on the airway inflammatory process present in nonatopic subjects with chronic bronchitis, we obtained bronchial biopsies from nine current smokers and seven exsmokers, all with symptoms of chronic bronchitis at the time of the study, and from seven healthy nonsmoking subjects. The exsmokers had stopped smoking on average 13 yr before the study, yet cough and production of sputum had persisted. Bronchial biopsies were assessed using immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the number of inflammatory cells, the markers of mononuclear cell activation, and the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and cytokines in the subepithelium. Current smokers and exsmokers had an increased number of macrophages, IL-2R-positive cells, VLA-1-positive cells, ICAM-1-positive vessels, and E-selectin-positive vessels compared with normal nonsmoking subjects, but the number of cells positive for neutrophils, EG-2, CD3, CD4, CD8, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta were similar among the three groups. No differences were observed between current smokers and exsmokers for any parameter examined. In conclusion, the inflammatory process present in the airway mucosa of current smokers may persist after smoking cessation in subjects who continue to have symptoms of chronic bronchitis.
Transcriptome Comparison of Susceptible and Resistant Wheat in Response to Powdery Mildew Infection
Authors: Mingming Xin, Xiangfeng Wang, Huiru Peng, Yingyin Yao, Chaojie Xie, Yao Han, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Powdery mildew (Pm) caused by the infection of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a worldwide crop disease resulting in significant loss of wheat yield. To profile the genes and pathways responding to the Bgt infection, here, using Affymetrix wheat microarrays, we compared the leaf transcriptomes before and after Bgt inoculation in two wheat genotypes, a Pm-susceptible cultivar Jingdong 8 (S) and its near-isogenic line (R) carrying a single Pm resistant gene Pm30. Our analysis showed that the original gene expression status in the S and R genotypes of wheat was almost identical before Bgt inoculation, since only 60 genes exhibited differential expression by P = 0.01 cutoff. However, 12 h after Bgt inoculation, 3014 and 2800 genes in the S and R genotype, respectively, responded to infection. A wide range of pathways were involved, including cell wall fortification, flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolic processes. Furthermore, for the first time, we show that sense-antisense pair genes might be participants in wheat-powdery mildew interaction. In addition, the results of qRT-PCR analysis on several candidate genes were consistent with the microarray data in their expression patterns. In summary, this study reveals leaf transcriptome changes before and after powdery mildew infection in wheat near-isogenic lines, suggesting that powdery mildew resistance is a highly complex systematic response involving a large amount of gene regulation.
Individualizing Dosing of Irinotecan
Authors: Mark J. Ratain, Federico Innocenti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Individualized drug dosing is a longstanding goal of clinical pharmacologists. Given the narrow therapeutic index of most anticancer agents, it is plausible that this approach would be of particular value in oncology. Irinotecan is an interesting agent for individualized dosing, given its complex metabolism and increasing knowledge of its pharmacokinetics predictors.
Swine Influenza Virus Infections
Authors: Diana L. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. The only pathogen detected was an influenza virus antigenically related to the swine influenza virus (SIV). Four days before illness onset, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenzalike illness among the swine. To detect other persons who were possibly infected by contact with the ill swine, we measured serum SIV hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer in 25 swine exhibitors who were 9 to 19 years old. Nineteen (76%) had SIV hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 20 or greater. Antibody was undetectable in serum samples from 25 swine exhibitors from a neighboring county. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed influenzalike illnesses with laboratory evidence of SIV infection. An outbreak of apparent SIV infection in swine resulted in multiple human infections, and, although no recognized community outbreak resulted, there was evidence of virus transmission from the patient to health care personnel. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:478-481)