tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved Prediction of Thyroid Lobar Mass from Parameters Obtained by Routine Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: RENE P. du CRET, RYO E. CHOI, SUSAN J. ROE, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, HEE MYUNG PARK, MERLE K. LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Estimation of thyroid mass both from parameters derived from thyroid scintigraphy and clinical palpation for purposes of therapeutic dosimetry has not been tested for accuracy. To more precisely determine thyroid mass 90 thyroid lobes from 45 autopsies without history of thyroid disease were studied. Specimens were dissected free of nonthyroidal tissue and assessed for volume, maximum depth (D), width (W), length (L) and mass (M). Using a linear regression model and applying known lobar depth, the most accurate formula to predict true lobar mass (in grams) was 4.9D + 0.07L2W - 2.3 (in cms). Length and width would be obtainable in vivo from routine scintigraphic measurements (in cm) and depth would be most accurately determined by ultrasound. For most clinical circumstances where lobar depth is unknown we found the best formula for mass (g) to be 0.1L2W (in cm).
Pernicious Anemia Then and Now.
Authors: William B. Castle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Pernicious Anemia Then and Now.William B. Castle, M.D.William B. Castle, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1085_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1932, pernicious anemia was a unique human disease and only since 1926, no longer a fatal one. Today, vitamin B12and folic acid, the principal erythropoietic components of liver, have been shown to play fundamental roles as coenzymes in nucleoprotein synthesis in bone marrow and other tissues. In their absence "megablastosis" occurs even in certain bacteria. N15glycine and ferrokinetics have resolved the controversy concerning maturation arrest and hemolysis as causes of the anemia. In 1936, purified liver extract, effective in pernicious anemia, was shown to be inactive in certain megablastic anemias discovered after 1946 to respond to folic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William B. Castle, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1085-1086KeywordsAnemiaBacteriaBone marrowCoenzymesFolic acidGlycineLiverPernicious anemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Psychochemical Manipulation and Social Policy
Authors: DAVID KRECH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Article1 September 1967Psychochemical Manipulation and Social PolicyDAVID KRECH, PH.D.DAVID KRECH, PH.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-3-19 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLadies and gentlemen, prepare for a change of pace. I am not so much troubled by the mores of biomedical research and its individualistic ethics as I am by some strangely complex problems of social policy that the positive, successful results of such research may soon raise, problems for which none of us are prepared.Like all properly housebroken scientists, I can be boldly speculative in private but cautiously careful and tiresome in public. Today, however, I shall forget my scientific manners and make unseemly public leaps from animal studies to scientifically unwarranted conclusions about people. I do this because...References1. KRIVANEKMCGAUCH JJC: In preparation, 1967. Google Scholar2. BENNETTDIAMONDKRECHROSENZWEIG ELMCDMR: Chemical and anatomical plasticity of brain. Science 146: 610, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ZIGLER E: Familial mental retardation: a continuing dilemma. Science 155: 292, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1967Volume 67, Issue 3_Part_2Page: 19-24KeywordsPublic policyScientists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Adenomatous residue in cancerous papilla of Vater.
Authors: S Kozuka, M Tsubone, A Yamaguchi, K Hachisuka
Journal: Gut (1981)

Surgical specimens of carcinoma in the papilla of Vater were studied histologically. Adenomatous residue which suggested that the carcinoma was derived from a pre-existing adenoma was found in 18 cases (81.8%) out of 22. The histological transition of adenoma into carcinoma was also frequently seen.
Distinct Renal Injury in Early Atherosclerosis and Renovascular Disease
Authors: Alejandro R. Chade, Martin Rodriguez-Porcel, Joseph P. Grande, James D. Krier, Amir Lerman, J. Carlos Romero, Claudio Napoli, Lilach O. Lerman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Atherosclerotic renovascular disease may augment deterioration of renal function and ischemic nephropathy compared with other causes of renal artery stenosis (RAS), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that concurrent early atherosclerosis and hypoperfusion might have greater early deleterious effects on the function and structure of the stenotic kidney. Methods and Results— Regional renal hemodynamics and function at baseline and during vasoactive challenge (acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside) were quantified in vivo in pigs by electron-beam computed tomography after a 12-week normal (n=7) or hypercholesterolemic (HC, n=7) diet, RAS (n=6), or concurrent HC and a similar degree of RAS (HC+RAS, n=7). Flash-frozen renal tissue was studied ex vivo. Basal cortical perfusion and single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were decreased similarly in the stenotic RAS and HC+RAS kidneys, but tubular fluid reabsorption was markedly impaired only in HC+RAS. Perfusion responses to challenge were similarly blunted in the experimental groups. Stimulated GFR increased in normal, HC, and RAS (38.3±3.6%, 36.4±7.6%, and 60.4±9.3%, respectively, P &lt;0.05), but not in HC+RAS (6.5±15.1%). These functional abnormalities in HC+RAS were accompanied by augmented perivascular, tubulointerstitial, and glomerular fibrosclerosis, inflammation, systemic and tissue oxidative stress, and tubular expression of nuclear factor-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Conclusions— Early chronic HC+RAS imposes distinct detrimental effects on renal function and structure in vivo and in vitro, evident primarily in the tubular and glomerular compartments. Increased oxidative stress may be involved in the proinflammatory and progrowth changes observed in the stenotic HC+RAS kidney, which might potentially facilitate the clinically observed progression to end-stage renal disease.
Effect of beta-blockers on thyroid hormone.
Authors: N D Bax, M S Lennard, G T Tucker
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Changes in mean values of thyroid function tests in patients receiving diclofenac and control group Time after start of study Thyroid test Group Normal range 0 1 month 2 months Triiodothyronine uptake % Diclofenac 108 105 107 Control i11 104 112 Tetraiodothyronine (radioimmunoassay) Diclofenac
Adenosine causes bradycardia in pacing-induced cardiac failure.
Authors: F L Belloni, J Wang, T H Hintze
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND In normal, conscious dogs, systemic injection of adenosine causes arterial hypotension and a baroreceptor reflex tachycardia mediated in part by withdrawal of vagal tone from the sinoatrial node. After vagal section or muscarinic receptor blockade, however, adenosine injection causes bradycardia via a direct sinoatrial node inhibition. Because cardiac failure is marked by a loss of vagal tone, we hypothesized that adenosine injection in dogs with failing hearts would reduce heart rate. METHODS AND RESULTS Mongrel dogs were instrumented with indwelling catheters, manometers, and ventricular pacing electrodes. After the dogs had recovered from the surgery, the ventricles were paced continuously at 210 beats per minute for 3 weeks, followed by pacing at 240 beats per minute for an additional week. This regimen caused mild ventricular and more striking atrial hypertrophy and a gradual onset of physiological and clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Adenosine injections that caused large tachycardias before the pacing regimen began caused progressively smaller increments in heart rate during the first 2 weeks of pacing. After 3 and 4 weeks, adenosine injections caused overt reductions in heart rate despite the concomitant arterial depressor response. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the loss of vagal tone associated with the development of cardiac failure unmasks the direct negative chronotropic effect of exogenous adenosine on the sinoatrial node.
Medicine on the Cambodian Border: Khao I Dang
Authors: Austin E. Lamberts
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the March 13, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Dr Cartter<sup>1</sup>gives the impression that Khao I Dang hospital is closing. This is not so. There are possibly about 250 000 Cambodian refugees now in Thailand, and Khao I Dang serves as the headquarters for the United Nations Border Relief Operations. The general hospital operated by the International Red Cross is also called Khao I Dang. It provides tertiary medical care for all refugee camps and is also at that site. A relatively small cantonment occupied by refugees hoping for resettlement in some other country was also located at Khao I Dang. This alone is being closed and the refugee camps are being consolidated. My colleagues at the border camp, Site 8, will continue to be grateful that the general hospital at Khao I Dang will remain to care for the refugees.
A Prospective Examination of Whether Childhood Sexual Abuse Predicts Subsequent Sexual Offending
Authors: Cathy Spatz Widom, Christina Massey
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Childhood sexual abuse has been assumed to increase the risk for sexual offending. However, despite methodological limitations of prior research, public policies and clinical practice have been based on this assumption. <h3>Objective</h3> To empirically examine the commonly held belief that sexually abused children grow up to become sexual offenders and specialize in sex crimes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study and archival records check included cases and control individuals originally from a metropolitan county in the Midwest. Children with substantiated cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect (aged 0-11 years) were matched with children without such histories on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and approximate family social class (908 cases and 667 control individuals). Both groups were followed up into adulthood (mean age, 51 years). The court cases were from 1967 to 1971; the follow-up extended to 2013. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Criminal history information was collected from federal and state law enforcement agency records at 3 points in time and from state sex offender registries. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect were at increased risk for being arrested for a sex crime compared with control individuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.38-3.40), controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Specifically, individuals with histories of physical abuse (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.16) and neglect (AOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.39-3.51) were at significantly increased risk for arrest for sex offenses, whereas for sexual abuse, the AOR (2.13; 95% CI, 0.83-5.47) did not reach significance. Physically abused and neglected males (not females) were at increased risk and physically abused males also had a higher mean number of sex crime arrests compared with control individuals. The results did not provide support for sex crime specialization. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The widespread belief that sexually abused children are uniquely at risk to become sex offenders was not supported by prospective empirical evidence. These new findings suggest that early intervention programs should target children with histories of physical abuse and neglect. They also indicate that existing policies and practices specifically directed at future risk for sex offending for sexually abused children may warrant reevaluation.
Insulin‐like growth factor axis (insulin‐like growth factor‐I/insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3) as a prognostic predictor of heart failure: association with adiponectin
Authors: Shin Watanabe, Toshihiro Tamura, Koh Ono, Hisanori Horiuchi, Takeshi Kimura, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Nonabandonment: Medical Ethics
Authors: Michael Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Nonabandonment: Medical EthicsMichael Levy, MDMichael Levy, MDPark Nicollet Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55416Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The article by Quill and Cassel on nonabandonment [1] has nothing to do with abandonment. The first patient described was a woman who refused to accept her diagnosis and its implications. It is one thing to support patients but quite another to give them false hope and prolong the agony of their death. There is no justification for giving parenteral nutrition to a patient dying of cancer simply because they could not accept their diagnosis. It appears that the patient spent a considerable part of the end of her life in agony, with no benefit to her. Her life would ...References1. Quill TE, Cassel CK. Nonabandonment: a central obligation for physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:368-74. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Levy, MDAffiliations: Park Nicollet Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55416 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6 Page: 475 Keywords Medical ethics Nutrition Patient advocacy Total parenteral nutrition ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
VENTRO-FIXATION IN EXTREME ANTERIOR DISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS.Read in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. R. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is fairly understood that gynecologists are at variance in regard to their ideas of the clinical import of extreme anteversion and anteflexion of the uterus. Some there are indeed, who believe that these unnatural positions are of so little consequence as to merit little or no consideration. Some writers, however, do give these pathologic conditions some attention and cast about in a somewhat doubtful manner, hopeful of remedies for relief from the symptoms and consequences which they are supposed to sometimes produce. Personally, I am inclined to regard anteversion and anteflexion of the uterus as being of little importance ordinarily, but when the displacement is extreme, or if certain complications are present, the aspect of the case is so changed that much suffering may be the consequence. I am sure that retroversion of the uterus often exists for years without causing particular distress and I am much inclined to
Abstract 201: The combination treatment of TNF-α and poly (dA:dT) preactivated hMSCs with doxorubicin enhances antitumorigenic activity
Authors: Nara Yoon, Min Sung Park, Grant Peltier, John C. Reneau, Darwin J. Prockop, Darwin J. Prockop, Ryang Hwa Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Our recent study showed that human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) were activated to express TRAIL by exposure to TNF-α. These TRAIL expressing hMSCs effectively induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 (MDA) cells in vitro and in vivo. TRAIL was further up-regulated by RNA released by dead MDA cells in a TLR3-dependent manner. Here, we show that the further increase of TRAIL in hMSCs was also mediated by feed-forward stimulation of AIM2 or IFIH1 by DNA and RNA released from dead MDA cells. Poly(dA:dT), a synthetic ligand for AIM2, most effectively activated hMSCs to express TRAIL and increased the killing efficacy of hMSCs in MDA cells compared to TNF-α or poly(I:C), a synthetic ligand for TLR3 or IFIH1. Furthermore, weekly infusions of hMSCs pre-activated with TNF-α and poly(dA:dT) effectively inhibited the progression of lung tumor formation in mice, compared to TNF-α pre-activated hMSCs. Such anti-tumorigenic effect of hMSCs upon activation with TNF-α and poly(dA:dT) was enhanced when combined with chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin and thereby, this combination treatment significantly reduced the size of tumor burden in mice compared to TNF-α pre-activated hMSC treatment. These results suggest that treatment of pre-activated hMSCs combined with doxorubicin enhances their tumor-suppressive properties and may provide a potential novel therapy for cancer treatment. Citation Format: Nara Yoon, Min Sung Park, Grant Peltier, John C. Reneau, Darwin J. Prockop, Darwin J. Prockop, Ryang Hwa Lee. The combination treatment of TNF-α and poly (dA:dT) preactivated hMSCs with doxorubicin enhances antitumorigenic activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-201
BRONCHIECTASIS IN THE ASTHMATIC PATIENT
Authors: Henry T. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article entitled "Hidden or Unsuspected Bronchiectasis in the Asthmatic Patient" by Drs. Overholt, Walker, and Woods in the Oct. 4, 1952, issue ofThe Journalis misleading to the medical profession. Despite Dr. Overholt's richly deserved preeminence as a thoracic surgeon, I must take exception to his criteria for a diagnosis of bronchial asthma from both the internists' and the allergists' viewpoints. Everyone who wheezes does not have asthma and should not be so labelled. Not one of the patients reported on in this article can be termed asthmatic. Today no one calls bronchogenic carcinoma, inspissated foreign bodies, tuberculous bronchial stenosis, or left heart failure bronchial asthma yet patients with any of these conditions may wheeze and have exertional dyspnea. In the cases reported, however, Dr. Overholt makes the same erroneous diagnosis. Symptomatic bronchiectasis is rare in my experience of bronchial asthma. In the older age
Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA: mechanism of CTL priming.
Authors: M Corr, D J Lee, D A Carson, H Tighe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The injection of naked plasmid DNA directly into the muscle cells of mice has been shown to induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses. The generation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response after plasmid DNA injection may involve the presentation of the expressed antigen in the context of the injected myocytes' endogenous major histocompatibility (MHC)-encoded class I molecules or may use the MHC molecules of bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells (APC) which are capable of providing co-stimulation as well. To resolve which cell type provides the specific restricting element for this method of vaccination we generated parent--&amp;gt;F1 bone marrow chimeras in which H-2bxd recipient mice received bone marrow that expressed only H-2b or H-2d MHC molecules. These mice were injected intramuscularly with naked plasmid DNA that encoded the nucleoprotein from the A/PR/8/34 influenza strain, which as a single antigen has epitopes for both H-2Db and H-2Kd. The resulting CTL responses were restricted to the MHC haplotype of the bone marrow alone and not to the second haplotype expressed by the recipient's myocytes. The role of somatic tissues that express protein from injected plasmids may be to serve as a reservoir for that antigen which is then transferred to the APC. Consequently, our data show that the mechanism of priming in this novel method for vaccination uses the MHC from bone marrow-derived APC, which are efficient at providing all of the necessary signals for priming the T cell.
Gamma‐interferon production in cow milk allergy
Authors: D. J. Hill, G. Ball, C. S. Hosking, P. R. Wood
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The aim of this study was to develop an assay to assist in the diagnosis of delayed onset of adverse responses to cow milk in children, by measurement of gamma‐interferon (GIFN) produced in vitro in response to β‐lactoglobulin‐stimulated blood mononuclear cells. Diagnostic procedures identified 75 children with immediate reactions who had high total IeE and IgE‐isotype responses to cow milk, 17 children who developed reactions after 24 h and had low total IgE and low IgE‐isotype response to cow milk and 59 milk‐tolerant children. GIFN production was less in children with immediate reactions compared to those with late reactions ( P ≤0.009) or milk‐tolerant children ( P =0.022). The results of this study suggest enhanced T‐cell reactivity may be involved in the immuno‐pathogenesis of non‐immediate cow milk allergy, but GIFN production was not a clinically useful diagnostic test.
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit RSV-enhanced allergic sensitisation in guinea pigs
Authors: F. Tayyari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Experimental respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of guinea pigs is associated with enhanced allergic sensitisation to inhaled ovalbumin (OA) and low-level viral persistence in the lungs. Based on the T-helper (Th)1/Th2 paradigm, in which a Th2 shift is characteristic of an allergic response and less effective anti-viral immunity, the effects of immunotherapy with synthetic cytosine phosphate-guanine-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), which are potent Th1 stimuli, on OA sensitisation with and without RSV infection were evaluated. Measurements included quantitative histology for airway inflammation by T-cells and eosinophils, semiquantitative RT-PCR for lung Th1/Th2 balance (interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-5 mRNA ratios), and serology for circulating titres of OA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G<sub>1</sub> antibodies. RSV antigens were identified in lung tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. CpG-ODN immunotherapy did not prevent OA sensitisation of guinea pigs; however, in RSV-infected, OA-sensitised animals, CpG-ODN administration was associated with significant reductions of airway T-cells and eosinophils, increased lung IFN-γ/IL-5 ratios, and decreased OA-specific IgG<sub>1</sub> antibody titres to levels observed in uninfected, OA-sensitised animals. Viral antigens were identified in a similar proportion of the lungs of RSV-infected animals, irrespective of CpG-ODN immunisation status. In conclusion, cytosine phosphate-guanine-oligodeoxynucleotides immunotherapy protects guinea pigs against respiratory syncytial virus-enhanced ovalbumin sensitisation and might be a relevant intervention in the context of post-bronchiolitis allergic sensitisation in children.