tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Routine Fetal Ultrasound Screening for Congenital Heart Disease in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: E. Buskens, D.E. Grobbee, I.M.E. Frohn-Mulder, P.A. Stewart, R.E. Juttmann, J.W. Wladimiroff, J. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Second trimester routine ultrasound evaluation of the fetal heart by means of the four-chamber view has been proposed for prenatal detection of cardiac anomalies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure. Methods and Results A prospective follow-up study on 6922 scanned fetuses was performed. Pregnant women without known risk factors who were scheduled for a routine fetal ultrasound examination between 16 and 24 weeks gestation were invited to participate. Follow-up until 6 months postpartum was available for 5660 subjects (81.8%), of whom 5319 fulfilled all eligibility criteria. By comparing the prenatal diagnosis to the postnatal diagnosis, we obtained sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value (positive and negative). A total of 80 cases of congenital malformations were diagnosed during the study: 44 cases of congenital heart disease, 40 cases of noncardiac malformations, and a combination of the two in 4 cases. The fetal four chamber–view examination was considered abnormal in 7 women who were subsequently referred for extensive fetal ultrasound examination. Two proved to be carrying an affected fetus. Similarly, prenatal referral of 14 women because of suspected noncardiac malformations yielded 12 such cases. The fetal four chamber–view examination had a sensitivity of 4.5% (95% CI, 0.6% to 15%). Sensitivity for noncardiac anomalies was 30% (95% CI, 16.6% to 46.5%). Overall sensitivity of ultrasound examination was 16.3% (95% CI, 2.09% to 48.8%). Specificity and negative predictive value were high (&gt;98%). The positive predictive value was low with wide CIs. Conclusions These results suggest that the current mode of routine prenatal ultrasound screening for congenital malformations is inefficient, particularly for cardiac anomalies.
Potential Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Omega–3 Fatty Acid Supplementation to Prevent Posttraumatic Distress after Accidental Injury: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Authors: Yutaka Matsuoka, Daisuke Nishi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Kei Hamazaki, Tomohito Hamazaki, Kenji Hashimoto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)
Diabetic ketoalkalosis: a readily diagnosed non-entity.
Authors: S J Iqbal, D B Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1976)

reported to arrest haemorrhage from oesophageal varices in a proportion of cases for periods ranging from hours to months,' --6 but haemorrhage recurred in some patients when the cannula was removed.2 46The effectiveness of thoracic duct cannulation for bleeding oesophageal varices is still a controversial, matter.In spite of this, I think that the policy that should be adopted is to perform cannulation of the thoracic duct in patients not fit for major emergency operation.If this minor palliative procedure succeeds in preventing further bleeding the patient can be better prepared for a portacaval shunt operation that can be conducted a few days after his general condition has improved.
Das Röntgenbild des Schädels bei intrakranieller Drucksteigerung im Wachstumsalter
Authors: Eugene F. Lutterbeck
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There is a danger that the art of interpreting standard roentgenograms of the skull, without contrast media, may fall into disuse, because of the ever-increasing use of operative procedures which place a heavy psychological and physical burden upon a growing child and should be employed only in selected cases. To avoid the danger and fill a need for better knowledge, this excellent book has been written by two authors, who draw on their vast experience with 626 patients of the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Cologne, and closely correlate the clinical with the roentgenologic findings. The book discusses and illustrates in detail the normal development of the skull, the many signs of increased intracranial pressure in the different age groups, and the roentgenologic findings in tumors of the brain, the chiasma, the brain stem, infratentorial tumors, and other diseases which cause increased intracranial pressure. It is interesting to
Skeletal Photopenic Appearance of Paget??s Disease with lndium-111 White Blood Cell Imaging
Authors: BRUNO F. BORIN, REZA ABGHARI, AREK SARKISSIAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of focal decreased skeletal uptake with in-111 labeled white blood cells representing Paget's disease is reported. Although uncommon, other causes for skeletal photon deficient areas using in-111 white blood cells have been described. To the authors' knowledge, this finding representing Paget's disease has not been previously described.
TREATMENT PATTERN CHANGES IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS ON STATIN MONOTHERAPY IN A MANAGED CARE SETTING
Authors: Terry A. Jacobson, Kaan Tunceli, Dena R. Ramey, David R. Neff, David M. Kern, Hui-Min Hseih, Debra A. Wertz, Judith Stephenson, Elizabeth Marrett, Ross Simpson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Proliferation-related expression of p19/nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
Authors: D Keim, N Hailat, R Melhem, X X Zhu, I Lascu, M Veron, J Strahler, S M Hanash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

High level expression of the nm23-H1 gene, which encodes for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, has been found to correlate with diminished metastasis in some tumors but not in others. We have previously identified the protein product of the nm23-H1 gene in two-dimensional electrophoretic gels and have designated it p19/nm23. In neuroblastoma, higher levels of p19/nm23, which are associated with amplification of the N-myc oncogene, large tumor mass, and metastasis, were observed in advanced stage tumors compared with limited stage disease. Because of the variable expression of nm23-H1 in different tumors, we have investigated the relationship between amounts of the protein and cell proliferation. The levels of p19/nm23 were compared between resting and mitotically stimulated normal human PBLs and in leukemia cells. The amount of p19/nm23 increased in normal lymphocytes in response to mitotic stimulation and paralleled the increase in DNA synthesis. In leukemia cells obtained from patients with different subtypes of acute leukemia, p19/nm23 levels were also increased relative to resting normal lymphocytes. Treatment of mitotically stimulated lymphocytes with cyclosporin, which inhibits proliferation, blocked the increase in p19/nm23; treatment of the leukemia cell line HL-60 with dimethylsulfoxide, which induces terminal differentiation, resulted in diminished levels of p19/nm23. Our data therefore provide evidence that nm23-H1 expression is related to cell proliferative activity.
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Ami Laws
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I heard about the article by Drs Newman and Hulley<sup>1</sup>from an overweight 55-year-old man with non—insulin-dependent diabetes, high blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 4.7 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), and high-density lipoprotein level of 0.80 mmol/L (31 mg/dL) who announced that he would no longer take his lipid-lowering medication because it "causes cancer." No amount of explanation of the relative risks vs benefits of cholesterol lowering or of the limited relevance of rodent studies to human risk could dissuade him. I couldn't help but be dismayed that this 20 minutes would have been better spent focusing on improving his (poor) glycemic control. I was grateful when I finally read my issue of<i>JAMA</i>to find the thoughtful Commentary by Drs Dalen and Dalton<sup>2</sup>placing the article by Newman and Hulley in context. Unfortunately, patients are so terrified of cancer that once they hear that
Can Immunity Induced by the Human Influenza Virus N1 Neuraminidase Provide Some Protection from Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses?
Authors: Laura Gillim-Ross, Kanta Subbarao
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Gillim-Ross and Subbarao discuss a new study inPLoS Medicine that suggests that immunity to the human influenza virus N1 NA cross-reacts with the avian N1 NA, and that this cross-reactivity may be sufficient to protect against infection with avian influenza virus H5N1.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE INFLAMMATIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR.
Authors: EDWARD B. DENCH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Up to a comparatively recent date an acute inflammatory process within the tympanum was scarcely considered worthy of consideration, from a surgical point of view, unless it was of so severe a type as to involve the osseous structures in immediate relation with the tympanum. The general practitioner, and quite frequently the otologist, advised what was then the "conservative treatment" of these cases. The patient was allowed to suffer pain until spontaneous evacuation of the inflammatory products occurred. It is hardly necessary for me to point out that this plan was erroneous. It was, perhaps, excusable for the reason that only within the last few years has much been written upon the special anatomy of the middle ear. Thanks to the investigations of Blake and Bryant of Boston we no longer consider the middle ear as a single cavity, but divide it into two portions, the atrium and the vault,
Coxsackie Viruses and Bornholm Disease
Authors: G. M. Findlay, E. M. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1950)

In the United States of America and in Canada viruses have been isolated which have been called Coxsackie viruses, from the village of Coxsackie in New York State, where the first known patients resided. The patients from whose stools, blood, or nasal washings the viruses have been obtained have been variously diagnosed as cases of non-paralytic poliomyelitis (Dalldorf and Sickles, 1948 ; Dalldorf et al, 1949, Jaworski and West, 1949),  summer grippe  (Melnick et al, 1950), or epidemic myalgia (Curnen et al, 1949). In Canada, Armstrong et al. (1950) have isolated the virus from the stools of three children from whom typical poliomyelitis virus was also recovered, from adults in contact with these children, and from a child suffering from a Guillain-Barr? syndrome with an ascending Landry type of paralysis. In some cases both a poliomyelitis and a Coxsackie virus have thus been isolated from the stools of the same patient. The Coxsackie viruses have been isolated not only from stools, blood, and throat swabs, but from sewage and flies. There seem to be at least five strains of Coxsackie virus present in the United States of America (Howitt and Benefield, 1950) : these viruses can be differentiated by a complement-fixation reaction as well as by the neutralizing effect of specific virucidal antibodies. The Coxsackie viruses are transmissible only to suckling mice and hamsters, which develop paralysis after an incuba tion period which may be as short as 48 hours. The muscles of infected mice and hamsters exhibit a proliferation of the cells of the sarcolemma sheaths with loss of striation in the muscle fibres : all the voluntary muscles of the body, as well as the diaphragm, show similar changes. In this country there have been available to us one of the strains isolated in Connecticut by Melnick et al. (1949), and three strains known as Dalldorf viruses 1, 2, and 3. We are indebted to Professor Sven Gard, of Stockholm, Dr. F. O. MacCallum, and Dr. J. A. Dudgeon for these viruses. A Laboratory Infection
The role of clonal selection in the pathogenesis of an autoreactive human B cell lymphoma.
Authors: D F Friedman, E A Cho, J Goldman, C E Carmack, E C Besa, R R Hardy, L E Silberstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To study the association of autoimmunity and human B cell neoplasia, we have established a model of a B cell lymphoma which expresses a pathogenic autoantibody of defined specificity. The Ig VH gene expressed in this neoplasm was analyzed longitudinally using clinical specimens taken from the splenic lymphoma (S) at diagnosis and from lymph node relapses 3 and 4 yr later (N3 and N4). Southern analysis and oligonucleotide hybridization experiments demonstrated that clonally related predominant and minor tumor cell populations were present in S at diagnosis, and that the minor population became the predominant population in the relapse specimens, N3 and N4. Although the Ig specificity and idiotype were the same at diagnosis and at both relapses, analysis of the expressed VH gene sequences showed 14 base changes between S and N3, and 2 further changes at N4. Little sequence heterogeneity was observed at each sampling time, indicating that the ongoing mutation frequency was low. The relevant germline precursor VH gene was determined from autologous germline DNA and compared to the expressed genes. Based on the pattern of shared and unshared mutations, we were able to establish the genealogic relationship of the germline VH gene and the expressed clonotypes of S, N3 and N4. Taken together, the findings from Southern blotting, oligonucleotide hybridization, and sequence analysis permit us to describe a molecular aspect of tumor progression, "clonotypic shift", wherein subpopulations of the malignant clone, marked by different V gene clonotypes, emerge and predominate at different time points in the evolution of the lymphoma. Furthermore, the sequential and nonrandom pattern of the VH mutations, correlated with the observed conservation of autospecificity and idiotype, implies that clonal selection may have influenced the pathogenesis of the lymphoma.
Screening for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: G. Hoff, E. Thiis-Evensen, M. Vatn
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

In a recent edition of Endoscopy, Lambert et al. provided a comprehensive overview of “Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer” [1]. There are, however, errors, inaccuracies, and omissions in the review on which we feel obliged to comment. Under the subheading “Severe Complications of Screening,” a reference is made to “a small study of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in Oslo” [2]. This study was not in Oslo. It was conducted in Telemark (a county in southern Norway), which is why it was called the “Telemark Polyp Study No. 1.” Admittedly this is no big deal, but it is surprising that reference is made to [2] and not to another paper from the same study [3], which refutes the suggestion that procedural complications might have been the cause of the observed increased mortality, and presents data suggesting more likely causes [3]. This is all the more surprising, since some of the co-authors of the review are very well acquainted with the study and with both of these Telemark Polyp Study publications [2] [3].
Smallpox Eradication
Authors: Paul F. Wehrle
Journal: JAMA (1978)

OF ALL communicable diseases limited to man, few have the attainable prospect of complete and permanent eradication. Of those few, smallpox has provoked the greatest interest. In 1801, Jenner<sup>1</sup>entertained the prospect of eradication soon after demonstrating the efficacy of vaccination in protecting the susceptible individual. Despite the early and continuing interest in this possibility and the control or even successful eradication in some individual countries, the first systematic international program was proposed in 1949 by Soper,<sup>2</sup>then director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Failure of the individual country efforts and increasing incidence of disease in the Americas facilitated the adoption and implementation of a resolution to approve such a program. Budgetary provision was made in 1950 by the 13th Pan American Sanitary Conference.<sup>3,4</sup> The lessons learned in this and in the subsequent global program are important in understanding the success in the imminent total global eradication
B cell repertoire diversity in athymic mice.
Authors: M P Cancro, N R Klinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The extent of B cell repertoire diversity among nu/nu BALB/c mice has been assessed and compared with that of normal BALB/c mice. This was accomplished through the characterization of monoclonal, influenza hemagglutinin-specific antibodies by reactivity pattern analysis. The results indicate that the repertoire of athymic mice is equivalent in diversity to that of normal mice. Moreover, because these responses were obtained in recipients that were histocompatible but distinct at immunoglobulin allotype loci, these findings indicate that a very diverse array of B cell clonotypes may be stimulated in the absence of allotype-identical T cells.
The Human Adrenal Gland
Authors: Jerome W. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Two clinicians with extensive experience in the recognition and treatment of adrenal abnormalities have teamed up with a clinically oriented specialist in steroid biochemistry to produce a volume which contains the answers most frequently sought by practicing physicians. Even more important than the answers themselves, are the reasons behind the answers in terms of biochemistry and physiology—and, within the framework of present knowledge, this material is there, too, in concise and understandable form. The outstanding quality of this book is represented by the scientific approach to the diagnosis and management of disease based upon recent advances in biochemistry and physiology. Fine historical sketches and background comments are scattered throughout the text. Perhaps only those who have watched the evolution of adrenal physiology during the past 30 years would enjoy this aspect as much as I. But I have been delighted often to note the keen interest of medical students in
CHURCHILL'S METHOD APPLIED WITH SUCCESS IN FORTY-FIVE CASES OF PHTHISIS PULMONALIS.
Authors: T. BLANK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Too little attention is paid to "Churchill's method" of treating consumption, although it is still the best method, and if well studied and rightly applied will result in a cure in a great many cases. We can not expect much good from it at the last moment; it must be applied early. In the incipient stage and in the beginning of the cavernous stage, ninety cases out of a hundred can be cured by the Churchill method. But the physician, in order to succeed, must study it closely. He must be a good observer, otherwise he will fail or do harm. The Churchill method depends upon phosphology; if there is a decrease of molecular or intra-organic combustion, due to want of phosphid (oxidizable phosphorus) element in the bioplast (or bioplasmic principle, as Churchill calls it), then the tissue breaks down and the soil for the tubercle bacilli is prepared. That
Accentuated vagal antagonism of beta-adrenergic effects on ventricular repolarization. Evidence of weaker antagonism in hostile type A men.
Authors: S Fukudo, J D Lane, N B Anderson, C M Kuhn, S M Schanberg, N McCown, M Muranaka, J Suzuki, R B Williams
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Prior research has suggested a weaker parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in type A (coronary-prone) men. To confirm this phenomenon and extend our understanding of it, we investigated the effects of prior muscarinic blockade on the electrocardiogram T wave and other cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to isoproterenol in type A and type B (non-coronary-prone) men. METHODS AND RESULTS Responses to two 5-minute intravenous isoproterenol infusions (0.01 micrograms/kg/min and 0.02 micrograms/kg/min) were evaluated in six type A and six type B men after pretreatment with either dextrose placebo or atropine (1.2 mg). Atropine significantly potentiated T wave attenuation in the recovery period after isoproterenol infusion (0.30 +/- 0.07 mV) compared with placebo (0.54 +/- 0.09 mV, p less than 0.001). Atropine also potentiated the heart rate increase to isoproterenol (39 +/- 3 beats per minute versus 20 +/- 2 beats per minute after placebo). Atropine enhanced decreases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures as well as pulse pressure to isoproterenol. Atropine enhancement of many of these responses was increased among subjects with high scores on various hostility/anger scales. Isoproterenol alone produced greater T wave attenuation in type A than in type B men. However, atropine enhancement of T wave attenuation and blood pressure falls by isoproterenol was present only in type B men. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that there is accentuated parasympathetic antagonism of T wave attenuation and blood pressure responses induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. Relative weakness of this antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in hostile type A individuals may contribute to their higher coronary disease risk.
519 Relationship between bronchial hiperresponsiveness to cold air (BHR), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and IgE levels to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in asthmatic patients
Authors: L GREIDING, L CORTIGIANI, D JOSVIACK, P MORENO, D FLORES, P PAULIN, M GRINSTEIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
INDIUM-111-LABELED LEUKOCYTE IMAGING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE; THE UNUSUAL AND THE ROUTINE. AN ANALYSIS OF 125 CASES
Authors: Daniel A. Navarro, Paul M. Weber, L. V. dos Remedios, Isamu Y. Kang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Navarro, Daniel A.; Weber, Paul M.; dos Remedios, L. V.; Kang, Isamu Y. Author Information
P5-13-16: Reduction in PET Uptake-Value Is an Early Predictor for Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy Including Anthracycline and Taxane in Stage II-IIIa Breast.
Authors: Romera J Lao, Hernandez T Puértolas, Molias A Godoy, Alejandro M Alvarez, Perez J Madani, Mur C Garcia, MA Ubieto, de Miguel A Cebollero, Cortes A Artal, Torres A Anton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background and Aim: Reduction in FDG-PET uptake as response predictor after induction chemotherapy for breast cancer has been described. Our aim was to determine whether a SUV reduction ≥45% in the breast lesion could accurately predict pathological Complete Response (pCR). Material and Method: Stage II-IIIa breast cancer patients (p) with primary tumor ≥3cm or positive axilla were included provided they were amenable to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Docetaxel-Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide (TAC). A FDG-PET scan was performed on day −1 of the first course and was repeated on day+8 of the same course. SUV-uptake differences (day 8 minus day −1) were correlated to the eventual pathological response according to Miller-Payne criteria. Results: 42p were included. Median age was 45 years (30-66). 11p (26.2%) were triple-negative tumors. 2p (4.8%) were Her-2 +. By stage, 13p (30.9%) were IIA, 17p (40.4%) IIB and 12p (28.2%) IIIA. 23p (54.7%) were N+ (FNAB positive). Median breast-SUV on first PET scan was 5.51 (1.3−18.50). 40p (95.2 %) completed the scheduled 6 courses. 41p (97.6%) were submitted to surgery. 11p (26.2%) achieved a pCR. 40p (95.2%) were evaluable for the primary objective. 1p (0.02%) died of disease progression before surgery and 1p (0.02%) with pCR could not be assessed by PET. 7 out of 14 p (50%) with uptake reduction ≥45% with respect to the basal value, and 3/26p (11.5%) whose reduction was &amp;lt;45% achieved a pCR (p=0.007). SUV decrease &amp;gt;45% accurately predicted 7/10 pCR (70%) that could be assessed. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the value of PET-SUV reduction on day 8th as an early predictor of pCR with neoadjuvant TAC chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-16.