tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matrix Gla protein limits pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in ALK1 deficiency
Authors: Kristina I. Boström, Pierre Guihard, Ana M. Blazquez Medela, Jiayi Yao, Jeremiah H. Moon, Ashley Penton, Yucheng Yao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also referred to as the Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is characterised by multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in different organs including lungs, brain, liver, intestine and spleen [1]. Five types of HHT have been identified [1]. Mutations in the gene for the activin receptor-like kinase 1 ( Alk1 ), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, are known to cause HHT2 [2]. Loss of function studies in mice have demonstrated that deletion of Alk1 results in embryonic lethality due to AVMs in early embryogenesis [3]. However, heterozygous Alk1 +/− mice are viable and develop AVMs at a similar rate as humans with HHT2 [3–5]. Increased MGP limits pulmonary AVMs in ALK1 deficiency and may be modulated for the purpose of treating AVMs <http://ow.ly/FadMt>
Radiologists' advice about breast lumps
Authors: C J Squire
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Radiologists' advice about breast lumps EDITOR,-I write to correct the headline in the news section about the warning on unnecessary x ray examinations.'The advice regarding women with breast lumps is for any age, not just women under 50.It is not new but has been included in the second edition of our booklet of advice for referring clinicians, which is new.2There is no new joint report from the college and the National Radio- logical Protection Board on this topic.The college did, however, issue such a report in 19903: this endorsed the recommendation of the Forrest report on breast screening that it should be reserved for women aged 50-64.4
Human Health Effects of 2,4,5-T and Its Toxic Contaminants
Authors: R. R. Suskind
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A clinical epidemiologic study was conducted to determine the long-term health effects of workplace exposure to the process of manufacturing the herbicide (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid including contaminants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin. The population consisted of two cohorts: 204 clearly exposed and 163 not exposed. Among the exposed, clinical evidence of chloracne persisted in 55.7%. None of the not exposed experienced chloracne development. An association was found between the persistence of chloracne and the presence and severity of actinic elastosis of the skin. There is an association between exposure and the history of gastrointestinal tract ulcer. Pulmonary function values among those who were exposed and who currently smoked were lower than those who were not exposed and who currently smoked. The data assembled in the study indicate no evidence of increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal damage, or central or peripheral nervous system problems.
Out-of-hospital CPR
Authors: S. B. Lipkis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The recent article entitled Predicting the Outcome of Unsuccessful Prehospital Advanced Cardiac Life Support by Kellermann et al 1 prompted this letter. I am a physician who happened to be in my parents' Memphis, Tenn, home the night of my father's cardiac arrest, April 9, 1993.  Kellermann et al state that on-line emergency medical service physicians should authorize paramedics to cease efforts in the field (referring to patients who fail to respond to prehospital advanced cardiac life support [ACLS]). 1 The night my father became ill, I called 911 and requested help for my very dyspneic father who had a history of heart disease. He subsequently arrested, and I began cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to the paramedics' arrival. However, because the paramedics were unavailable (they were out on another call), firefighters arrived. They checked his vital signs (he regained a pulse) and administered oxygen. Unfortunately, he soon
Repair of a proximal femoral bone defect in dogs using a porous surfaced prosthesis in combination with recombinant BMP-2 and a synthetic polymer carrier
Authors: Narumichi Murakami, Naoto Saito, Jun Takahashi, Hiroshi Ota, Hiroshi Horiuchi, Masashi Nawata, Takao Okada, Kazutoshi Nozaki, Kunio Takaoka
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
THE WORTHLESSNESS OF INHALERS AND INSUFFLATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH.
Authors: THOS. F. RUMBOLD
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Almost every work that has been published within the last five years on diseases of the nasal passages and throat contains full directions for using these methods. Inasmuch as I know, from experience, that both of them are not only worthless but injurious, I will analyze the subject sufficiently to demonstrate their inefficiency, and show that they must do harm in every instance, even if the agents used are the very best that could be selected, proving conclusively that the failure to benefit the patient is due wholly to the fact that the methods themselves are defective. I will go farther; I will give my experience to prove that the agents usually employed are deceptive, and are always injurious. In the early part of 1868 I saw, in Cohen's work on inhalations (1867), a lucid description of Lewin's (Berlin) method of making and applying nascent muriate of ammonia. This method
Can Nitrogen-13 Ammonia Kinetic Modeling Define Myocardial Viability Independent of Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose?
Authors: Rob S.B. Beanlands, Robert deKemp, Anita Scheffel, Claude Nahmias, E.Stephen Garnett, Geoff Coates, Helen L. Johansen, Ernest Fallen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Long-term follow-up after successful interferon therapy of acute hepatitis C
Authors: Johannes Wiegand, Elmar Jäckel, Markus Cornberg, Holger Hinrichsen, Manfred Dietrich, Julian Kroeger, Wolfgang P. Fritsch, Anne Kubitschke, Nuray Aslan, Hans L. Tillmann, Michael Peter Manns, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Early treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with interferon alfa-2b (IFN-alpha-2b) prevents chronicity in almost all patients. So far, no data are available on the long-term outcome after interferon (IFN) therapy of acute hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical, virological, and immunological long-term outcome of 31 successfully treated patients with acute hepatitis C infection who were followed for a median of 135 weeks (52-224 weeks) after end of therapy. None of the individuals had clinical evidence of liver disease. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were normal in all but 1 patient. Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was negative throughout follow-up, even when investigated with the highly sensitive transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay (cutoff 5-10 IU/mL). In addition, no HCV RNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 15 cases tested. The patients' overall quality-of-life scores as determined by the SF-36 questionnaire did not differ from the German reference control cohort. Ex vivo interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT analysis detected HCV-specific CD4(+) T-helper cell reactivity in only 35% of cases, whereas HCV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses were found in 4 of 5 HLA-A2-positive individuals. Anti-HCV antibody levels decreased significantly during and after therapy in all individuals. In conclusion, early treatment of symptomatic acute hepatitis C with IFN-alpha-2b leads to a long-term virological, biochemical, and clinical response. Waning of anti-HCV humoral immunity and presence of HCV-specific CD8(+) (but not CD4(+)) T cells highlights the complexity of T-cell and B-cell memory to HCV, which might be significantly altered by IFN treatment.
Neurohormonal Signaling Pathways and the Regulation of Alzheimer β-Amyloid Precursor Metabolism
Authors: Sam Gandy
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999)

Postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement appear to have their relative risk of developing Alzheimer's disease diminished by about one half. Because brain amyloid accumulation plays a key role in initiating Alzheimer's pathology, it is attractive to postulate that estrogen might modulate Alzheimer's risk by inhibiting amyloid accumulation. Data and cell biological models supporting such a scenario are reviewed here.
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Authors: Virginia M. Bowden
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences</i>is of interest for what it says about one of the major directions in American psychiatry as well as for what it offers to the medical field. An increasing number of psychiatrists see their primary interest as lying in the biomedical mainstream of medicine, with a focus on diseases of the brain, or the central nervous system component of systemic diseases. This journal, the official publication of the American Neuropsychiatric Association, is an effort to address this evolving field of psychiatry. Its focus is on those psychiatric disorders in which there is an organic substrate, especially in the brain. These include strokes, delirium, alcohol-induced mental disorders, schizophrenia, and similar conditions. The journal tends to concentrate on those aspects of disease that are medically observable rather than strictly inferential. Thus, for schizophrenia, one finds articles about electroencephalographic patterns and attentional states and higher cortical
DESENSITIZATION OF HIGHLY HLA-SENSITIZED HEART TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES USING HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND RITUXIMAB WITH SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Lawrence S.C. Czer, Bernice Coleman, Sinan Simsir, Ernst R. Schwarz, Chih-Hung Lai, Kai Cao, Stanley Jordan, Ashraf Osman, Gina Jamero, Anita Phan, Matthew Rafiei, Nancy Reinsmoen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The auxometric dimension. A new method for using rate of growth in prognostic staging of breast cancer
Authors: M. E. Charlson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A system of auxometric staging for the clinical growth rate of breast cancer can be created by considering the observed duration of the tumor and the concomitant occurrence of transition events. In an inception cohort of 219 women with histologically confirmed breast cancers that had first been treated at the Yale-New Haven Hospital during the interval 1962 to 1964, the overall five-year survival rate was 63%. Within categories of the three new auxometric stages, the five-year survival rates were as follows: slow, 37/45 (82%); intermediate, 85/133 (64%); and rapid, 15/41 (37%). These auxometric categories were combined with conventional TNM anatomic categories to form a composite anatomic-auxometric system of four stages, A through D. A particularly striking feature of the new composite system was the demarcation of 22 patients in stage A who had a 100% five-year survival rate, regardless of whether mastectomy was simple or radical. In stages B, C, and D, radical mastectomy appeared superior to simple mastectomy, but the results may have been affected by bias in selecting patients according to prognostic features that are not included in the composite new stages. The results are pertinent in therapeutic decisions for individual patients, in the design of large-scale therapeutic trials, and in biologic correlation of diverse laboratory research. Because a cancer has biologic function as well as anatomic structure, both the function and the structure require appropriate analytic attention. The exclusively anatomic categories that form the basis of conventional systems of staging for breast cancer can be complemented, augmented, and improved by suitable consideration of the clinical rate of growth. (<i>JAMA</i>228:180-185, 1974)
Drug Abuse, HIV Infection, and Tuberculosis-Reply
Authors: Benedict Truman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Brown and Felton's response to our article raises several important points regarding future research in HIV infection and tuberculosis in the setting of drug treatment programs. Briefly reviewing current knowledge and recommendations may help clarify the issues. Clients of drug treatment programs are often at elevated risk for infection with both HIV and<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis is recommended for intravenous drug users with Mantoux tuberculin skin test induration of greater than 10 mm, if they are free of clinical tuberculosis and isoniazid therapy is not contraindicated.<sup>1</sup>However, if a patient is HIV seropositive, isoniazid chemoprophylaxis is recommended when induration is 5 mm or greater. The potential for recent<i>M tuberculosis</i>infection in HIV-infected persons to progress to clinical tuberculosis was certainly recognized in our article when we suggested the possibility of inmate-to-inmate transmission in at least one cluster of three cases. More recently, attention has
Augmented Short- and Long-Term Hemodynamic and Hormonal Effects of an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Added to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Lawrence Baruch, Inder Anand, Ira S. Cohen, Susan Ziesche, Dianne Judd, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —ACE inhibitors may not adequately suppress deleterious levels of angiotensin II in patients with heart failure. An angiotensin receptor blocker added to an ACE inhibitor may exert additional beneficial effects. Methods and Results —Eighty-three symptomatic stable patients with chronic heart failure receiving long-term ACE inhibitor therapy were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with valsartan 80 mg BID, valsartan 160 mg BID, or placebo while receiving their usual ACE inhibitor therapy. Studies were performed before and after the first dose of the test drug and again after 4 weeks of therapy. A single dose of lisinopril was administered during study days to ensure sustained ACE inhibition. Compared with placebo, the first dose of valsartan 160 mg resulted in a significantly greater reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at 3, 4, and 8 hours and during the prespecified 4- to 8-hour interval after the dose and in systolic blood pressure at 2, 3, 6, 8, and 12 hours and 4 to 8 hours after the dose. A pressure reduction from valsartan 80 mg did not achieve statistical significance. After 4 weeks of therapy, net reductions in 0-hour trough pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (−4.3 mm Hg; P =0.16), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (−4.7 mm Hg; P =0.013), and systolic blood pressure (−6.8 mm Hg; P =0.013) were observed in the valsartan 160 mg group compared with placebo. After 4 weeks of therapy, plasma aldosterone was reduced by valsartan 80 mg BID (−52.1 pg/mL; P =0.001) and 160 mg BID (−47.8 pg/mL; P &lt;0.001) compared with placebo, and there was a trend for a reduction in plasma norepinephrine (−97 pg/mL; P =0.10). Seventy-four of the 83 patients completed the trial. Conclusions —Physiologically active levels of angiotensin II persist during standard long-term ACE inhibitor therapy.
EQUIVALENT OUTCOMES WITH SECOND VERSUS FIRST GENERATION DRUG ELUTING CORONARY STENTS WHEN USED IN HEAVILY CALCIFIED LESIONS REQUIRING ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY
Authors: Jason Ciril Kovacic, Rucha Karajgikar, Prakash Krishnan, Michael Kim, Javed Suleman, Annapoorna Kini, Samin K. Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Manpower Policy: Base It on Facts, Not Opinions
Authors: Samuel O. Thier, Robert W. Berliner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

It is widely perceived that physicians are maldistributed both geographically and by specialty. Problems in access to and the costs of medical care are thought to result from this maldistribution. In accord with these perceptions, means are being sought to induce the training of fewer subspecialists and more physicians who would engage exclusively in primary care. There is still debate about whether the needs for primary care would be better served by family physicians, by general internists and general pediatricians or, indeed, by non-physician primary-health-care professionals. There is also considerable room for discussion over how this redirection of training can . . .
The major metabolites of ursodeoxycholic acid in human urine are conjugated withN-acetylglucosamine
Authors: Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, William James Griffiths, Ulrich Götze, Jie Zhang, Hubertus Wietholtz, Norbert Busch, Jan Sjövall, Siegfried Matern
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (750 mg/day) was administered orally to ten healthy subjects over a period of 10 days; 24 hr urine samples were collected the day before and on the last day of the study. Urinary bile acids were extracted, separated into groups of conjugates and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Excretion of ursodeoxycholic acid rose from 70 to 2,915 μg/24 h. The highest increase was observed among N –acetylglucosamine conjugates, 90% of which constituted the previously unknown double conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid with N –acetylglucosamine and glycine. Excretion of isoursodeoxycholic acid increased from 50 to 738 μg/24 h. This isomerization product of ursodeoxycholic acid was excreted almost exclusively as N –acetylglucosamine conjugate. In total, N –acetylglucosamine conjugates constituted 50% of urinary metabolites of ursodeoxycholic acid. In addition, metabolites of ursodeoxycholic acid hydroxlated at carbon atoms 1, 6, 22 and possibly 21 were observed. These compounds were also found as conjugates with N –acetylglucosamine. Their formation from ursodeoxycholic acid was definitely demonstrated by 13C–labeling after giving [24–13C]ursodeoxycholic acid to one of the healthy subjects and to a patient with extrahepatic cholestasis in whom hydroxylation of ursodeoxycholic acid at C–23 was also observed. The patient was also found to excrete the double conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid with N –acetylglucosamine and taurine. The N –acetylglucosaminidation of ursodeoxycholic acid in vivo was shown to occur at C–7. This was established by collision–induced dissociation of the pseudomolecular anions generated by fast atom bombardment ionization of samples from pooled urine collected from the healthy subjects during administration of ursodeoxycholic acid and from the patient given [24–13C] ursodeoxycholic acid. The study shows that N –acetylglucosaminides are major urinary metabolites of ursodeoxycholic acid and that the selective N –acetylglucosaminidation of 7β–hydroxy bile acids occurs in vivo at the 7β–position. (Hepatology 1994;20:845-853).
Incidence and remission of self‐reported allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults
Authors: U. Nihlén, L. Greiff, P. Montnémery, C.‐G. Löfdahl, A. Johannisson, C. Persson, M. Andersson
Journal: Allergy (2006)

A few studies have examined the incidence and remission of allergic rhinitis (AR) in the same general population.A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and airway diseases was mailed out in 1992 and in 2000 to the same subjects. Of 4933 subjects, in 1992 aged 20-59 years, 4280 (86.8%) answered at both occasions. AR was defined on self-reported AR and a simultaneous report of nasal symptoms provoked by exposure either to tree-, grass-pollen, furred animals or house dust. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for age and gender was used to analyze potential predictors, reported in 1992, for incidence and remission of AR.The prevalence of AR increased from 12.4% in 1992 to 15.0% in 2000. The incidence of AR from 1992 to 2000 was 4.8%, while 23.1% of the cases with AR in 1992 stated no AR symptoms in 2000 indicating remission. The highest incidence was seen in the youngest age group (20-29 years), whereas remission was highest in the oldest age group (50-59 years). Asthma symptoms during the last year (as reported in 1992) predicted increased incidence of AR and less chance for remission, 1.89 (95%CI 1.08-3.31) and 0.52 (0.31-0.87), respectively. Family histories of AR or asthma predicted increased incidence of AR 1.99 (1.42-2.80) and 1.62 (1.10-2.37), respectively, but were not associated with chance for remission, OR = 1.23 (0.81-1.87) and 0.94 (0.60-1.48).This study showed that AR became more common between 1992 and 2000, but also indicated remission in about 20% of the cases within the 8-year period, particularly in older ages. Asthma seems to be associated with higher risk for AR as well as less chance for remission, while heredity of asthma (or AR) may only be associated with the risk for the development and not remission of AR.
Contribution of Mib1 to the SBR grade for prediction of metastatic recurrence in breast cancer.
Authors: G MacGrogan, I deMascarel, M Debled, C Tunon de Lara, V Brouste, H Bonnefoi, L Mauriac
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3003 Background: The Scarff Bloom and Richardson (SBR) histologic grade, which assesses tumor differentiation, nuclear pleomorphism and tumor proliferation through a mitotic score, is known to be an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is expressed by cells that are engaged in the cell cycle and may be a more accurate proliferation marker than the mitotic score used in SBR grade. The aim of our study was to look at the prognostic value of ki-67 (detected with Mib1 antibody) in breast cancer and if it could improve the prognostic value of SBR grade (SBR G).&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: We analyzed ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry using the Mib1 antibody on tissue microarrays comprising four 0.6mm diameter tissue cores of 1033 consecutive invasive ductal carcinomas (290 SBR G1, 470 SBR G2, 273 SBR G3) operated on between 1989 and 1993 (median follow-up: 167 months, 280 metastatic events). Using the median and 75th percentile values of Mib1 expression in the series (10 % and 20%, respectively) as cut offs, we defined a three tiered Mib1 score and used it to replace the mitotic score in the SBR G (Mib1 G). The prognostic values of Mib1 score alone, SBR G, Mib1 G and combined SBR/Mib1 G using the higher of the 2 grades to assign tumors to a risk category were assed by univariate analysis using the Log-rank test with the Kaplan Meier method.&amp;#x2028; Results: 53/290 (18%) and 53/470 (11%) of SBR G1 and 2 tumors were reclassified in combined SBR/Mib1 G2 and G3, respectively. In the combined SBR/Mib1 G three groups of tumors could be individualized according to their metastatic risk.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Patients with SBR G1/Mib1 G1 tumors had the lowest metastatic risk. Patients with SBR G1/Mib1 G2 tumors, SBR G2/Mib1 G1 tumors and SBR G2/Mib1 G2 tumors had an intermediate risk. Finally, patients with SBR G2/Mib1 G3 tumors, SBR G3/Mib1 G2 and SBR G3/Mib1 G3 tumors had the highest metastatic risk. Mib1 score, Mib1 G, SBR G, and combined SBR/Mib1 G were all strongly associated with Metastasis-free Interval (p=3.10-10, p=8.10-11, p=2.10-12 and p=4.10-13, respectively).&amp;#x2028; Discussion: In the combined grade patient assignment to risk category (low, intermediate or high) is made on the higher of the two grades. Metastatic risk was more accurately estimated when SBR and Mib1 grades were combined compared to SBR G or Mib1 G separately. Mib1 may complement the prognostic information provided by histologic grade. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3003.
Thrombosis in Unstable Angina
Authors: James H. Chesebro, Valentin Fuster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Unstable angina often appears to be due to the disruption of a lipid-filled atherosclerotic plaque, with erosion of the fibrous cap containing monocytes and macrophages that were chemotactically attracted by lipid.1 More than half of such disruptions occur in coronary arteries with plaques that narrow the vessel lumens by less than 50 to 75 percent of their diameter. These disruptions occur deep within plaques and may involve fissuring toward the lumen, resulting in macroscopic mural thrombus on the surface of the plaque. A large disruption or ulceration of the plaque may lead to total occlusion of the vessel and myocardial . . .