tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shape representation by <i>S</i>econd-order <i>I</i>somorphism and the <i>C</i>horus model: <i>SIC</i>
Authors: Shimon Edelman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Proximal mirroring of distal similarities is, at present, the only solution to the problem of representation that is both theoretically sound (for reasons discussed in the target article) and practically feasible (as attested by the performance of the Chorus model). Augmenting the latter by a capability to refer selectively to retinotopically defined object fragments should lead to a comprehensive theory of shape processing.
WHO identifies 16 countries struggling to control tuberculosis
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The World Health Organization's (WHO) directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy consists of health care or community workers who directly observe tuberculosis (TB) patients ingest their anti-TB treatment. Treatment, usually with 5 drugs, lasts for 6 months and costs about $11 per patient for the course. DOTS also involves the establishment of case detection and monitoring systems. DOTS is ranked by the World Bank as one of the most cost effective of all health interventions. The treatment success rate of TB cases in areas where DOTS is operating was 78% compared with 45% in areas which do not use the strategy. 22 countries account for 80% of TB cases worldwide. However, only 3 of the countries, Peru, Tanzania, and Vietnam, have made good progress in controlling TB by using DOTS, while Bangladesh, China, and Congo are making some progress. Brazil, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, India, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, and Uganda have moved too slowly to implement the DOTS strategy and are making no progress against TB. These latter countries will play a major role in the world's failure to control TB by 2000. The failure to control TB is due not so much to a lack of finances as it is to a lack of political will and commitment.
The Adipocyte-Inducible Secreted Phospholipases PLA2G5 and PLA2G2E Play Distinct Roles in Obesity
Authors: Hiroyasu Sato, Yoshitaka Taketomi, Ayako Ushida, Yuki Isogai, Takumi Kojima, Tetsuya Hirabayashi, Yoshimi Miki, Kei Yamamoto, Yasumasa Nishito, Tetsuyuki Kobayashi, Kazutaka Ikeda, Ryo Taguchi, Shuntaro Hara, Satoshi Ida, Yuji Miyamoto, Masayuki Watanabe, Hideo Baba, Keishi Miyata, Yuichi Oike, Michael H. Gelb, Makoto Murakami
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Physician Performance of Laboratory Tests in Self-service Facilities
Authors: Lee H. Hilborne
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Primary care physicians perform simple laboratory tests in clinical practice, frequently with little formal training. To determine the frequency of tests that are performed and evaluate house officer laboratory skills, we surveyed house officer attitudes and tested their ability to perform four common laboratory tests. We received 193 responses from 254 house officers at one university teaching hospital. While most perceived the need to use ward laboratories (ie, self-service laboratories located on patient care wards), 67% used them infrequently. Barriers included poor laboratory condition, inadequate time, accuracy, and infectious exposure concerns. Twenty-four percent felt they did not know or were unsure if they knew how to perform simple tests. Forty-seven house officers completed the practical examination. Most accurately reported a spun hematocrit and correctly identified white blood cell findings on a blood smear. Only 50% counted 100 cells. Urinary dipstick interpretation was generally acceptable but the microscopic examination was less accurate. Twenty-three percent failed to identify gram-negative rods on a slide with both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. If physicians are to perform selected laboratory tests, these data suggest, at least in one institution, more formal training, practice, and evaluation are necessary to ensure their performance with adequate proficiency.
A REPLY TO DR. J. KINNEAR'S COMMENTS
Authors: E. H. MOLESWORTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article A REPLY TO DR. J. KINNEAR'S COMMENTS Get access E. H. MOLESWORTH, M.D. E. H. MOLESWORTH, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Pages 408–410, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09821.x Published: 01 October 1935
[131] PHARMACOKINETICS OF TACROLIMUS AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL (MMF) IN LIVE DONOR AND DECEASED DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: A. Jain, R. Venkatramanan, T. Kwong, M. Orloff, P. Abt, R. Kashyap, G. Tsoulfas, C. Mack, P. Batzol, M. Williamson, A. Bozorgzadeh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Modification of galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats by reticuloendothelial system stimulation or depression
Authors: Ali Al-Tuwaijri, Kemal Akdamar, Nicholas R. di Luzio
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The reticuloendothelial system has been implicated in galactosamine-induced liver injury because of a correlation between phagocytic alterations induced by colloidal carbon or endotoxin, and development of liver necrosis. To evaluate this concept, the influence of galactosamine on liver function and histology was determined in rats in which the reticuloendothelial system was normal, stimulated, or depressed. Methyl palmitate was used as a reticuloendothelial system suppressant, and glucan was used as a reticuloendothelial system activating agent. Administration of galactosamine to control rats resulted in hypoglycemia and increased serum bilirubin concentration, elevated serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities, and retention of sodium sulfobromophthalein. Histological studies revealed hepatic necrosis, and a polymorphonuclear and lymphocytic cellular infiltrate in galactosamine-treated rats. Pretreatment of rats with methyl palmitate inhibited galactosamine-induced alterations in serum glucose concentration, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, and sodium sulfobromophthalein retention. Liver necrosis and inflammatory reactions were also reduced in methyl palmitate-treated galactosamine-injected animals. In contrast, activation of the reticuloendothelial system by glucan increased galactosamine-induced alterations in serum bilirubin, glucose and cholesterol concentrations, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, and sodium sulfobromophthalein retention. Liver necrosis and inflammation were also increased. These findings suggest that the degree of galactosamine-induced liver injury is directly correlated with macrophage function when specific macrophage-modifying agents are used.
ROC curve regression analysis: the use of ordinal regression models for diagnostic test assessment.
Authors: A N Tosteson, M C Weinstein, J Wittenberg, C B Begg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Diagnostic tests commonly are characterized by their true positive (sensitivity) and true negative (specificity) classification rates, which rely on a single decision threshold to classify a test result as positive. A more complete description of test accuracy is given by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, a graph of the false positive and true positive rates obtained as the decision threshold is varied. A generalized regression methodology, which uses a class of ordinal regression models to estimate smoothed ROC curves has been described. Data from a multi-institutional study comparing the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with computed tomography (CT) in detecting liver metastases, which are ideally suited for ROC regression analysis, are described. The general regression model is introduced and an estimate for the area under the ROC curve and its standard error using parameters of the ordinal regression model is given. An analysis of the liver data that highlights the utility of the methodology in parsimoniously adjusting comparisons for covariates is presented.
Are there any absolute medical contraindications to the progestogen only oral contraceptive?
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1984)

may represent an absence of vascular response to ketanserin at the latter site but could be due to technical problems of using this method to assess circulation in sclerodermatous skin.The results of ketanserin treatment for ulceration in scleroderma appear to be less favourable than the results in treating Raynaud's pheno-
Evidence for the online operation of imagery: Visual imagery modulates motor production in drawing
Authors: Alastair D. Smith, Iain D Gilchrist
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

One property of the emulator framework presented by Grush is that imagery operates off-line. Contrary to this viewpoint, we present evidence showing that mental rotation of a simple figure modulates low-level features of drawing articulation. This effect is dependent upon the type of rotation, suggesting a more integrative online role for imagery than proposed by the target article.
Analysis of interspecies adherence of oral bacteria using a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling
Authors: Ren‐ke Wang, Xue‐song He, Wei Hu, Renate Lux, Ji‐yao Li, Xue‐dong Zhou, Wen‐yuan Shi
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Information on co‐adherence of different oral bacterial species is important for understanding interspecies interactions within oral microbial community. Current knowledge on this topic is heavily based on pariwise coaggregation of known, cultivable species. In this study, we employed a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) to systematically analyze the co‐adherence profiles of oral bacterial species, and achieved a more profound knowledge beyond pairwise coaggregation. Two oral bacterial species were selected to serve as “bait”: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) whose ability to adhere to a multitude of oral bacterial species has been extensively studied for pairwise interactions and Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) whose interacting partners are largely unknown. To enable screening of interacting partner species within bacterial mixtures, cells of the “bait” oral bacterium were immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes which were washed and blocked to prevent unspecific binding. The “prey” bacterial mixtures (including known species or natural saliva samples) were added, unbound cells were washed off after the incubation period and the remaining cells were eluted using 0.2 mol·L−1 glycine. Genomic DNA was extracted, subjected to 16S rRNAPCR amplification and separation of the resulting PCR products by DGGE. Selected bands were recovered from the gel, sequenced and identified via Nucleotide BLAST searches against different databases. While few bacterial species bound to S. mutans, consistent with previous findings F.nucleatum adhered to a variety of bacterial species including uncultivable and uncharacterized ones. This new approach can more effectively analyze the co‐adherence profiles of oral bacteria, and could facilitate the systematic study of interbacterial binding of oral microbial species.
Modified Course of T. congolense Infection in Mice Given Diets with Milk Casein
Authors: A. A. N. Keppie
Journal: BMJ (1953)

In February, 1952, mice which had been fed on diets with different amounts of milk caseip as protein were inoculated with Trypaniosoma congolense (Busimbi strain).Contrary to expectation, blood films from the animals failed to reveal trypanosomes and the mice did not die.This phenomenon was so unexpected that it was further studied with a range of diets as described in this paper.The results of two further experiments confirmed the original observation and showed that the unexpected result might be attributed to a change of diet.In the absence of fuller investigation the results were not published.However, since they show a close analogy with the findings of Maegraith, Deegan, and Jones (1952) of the suppression of Plasinodium berghei infection in rats fed on milk diets, it now seems desir- able to give a brief account of the experiments with trypanosomes.Five diets were tested: (1) Rowett Research Institute Stock Diet No. 86 (Howie, 1951).This is a cubed diet of a mixture of natural foods giving good growth and breeding performance.(2) Diet containing 30% casein.(3) Diet containing 20% casein.(4) Diet containing 10% casein. (5)Stock diet of bread soaked in milk daily, with a handful of oats weekly.The percentage composition of diets 1-4 is given in Table I.
Hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes. III. Effects of resuspension media on viability after up to 7 days of storage
Authors: Diane C. Marsh, Julie A. Hjelmhaug, Paul K. Vreugdenhil, Julie A. Kerr, Mark J. Rice, Folkert O. Belzer, James H. Southard
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Hepatocyte suspensions provide a rapid method to determine how hypothermic storage affects liver cell metabolism and viability. Using these studies, improved methods of hypothermic liver preservation for transplantation may be developed. In this study, rat hepatocytes were cold-stored for up to 7 days in University of Wisconsin liver preservation solution. At the end of each day of storage hepatocytes were resuspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer or tissue-culture medium (Liebovitz-15; Fischer's; modified Fischer's, which was similar to Fischer's but with glycine and cysteine added; or Waymouth's medium). Hepatocyte viability was assessed by rewarming and oxygenating the suspensions and measuring the percentage of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells, the cellular concentration of potassium and the stimulation of respiration by succinate, all measures of plasma membrane integrity. Additionally, concentrations of ATP and glutathione after rewarming and reoxygenation in the various resuspension media were measured. Hepatocyte permeability to lactate dehydrogenase did not increase during cold storage of 1 to 7 days (7.2% +/- 2% leakage), indicating that most of the hepatocytes remained viable during cold storage. However, when rewarmed, loss of viability (leakage of lactate dehydrogenase) was dependent on the composition of the resuspension media. In Krebs-Henseleit buffer, viability was reduced after 2 and 3 days of storage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage on rewarming = 70% to 90%). Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase was reduced significantly after resuspension in tissue-culture media. After 6 days of storage, lactate dehydrogenase leakage from hepatocytes stored in Liebovitz- 15 or modified Fischer's was only about 30%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fibrinolytics and Antifibrinolytics
Authors: David I. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This large volume on various aspects of fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics is the composite work of 18 collaborators primarily from several countries in Europe. Its aim is to present more information about these substances and to make the various concepts regarding their mode of activity available not only to the research workers in the field of hematology but also to the clinicians involved in the treatment of patients suffering from bleeding disorders and intravascular clotting. The monograph is composed of 14 articles divided in four sections—the fibrinolytic process (the largest part), the activators of fibrinolysis, the fibrinolytically active enzymes, and the antifibrinolytics. In the first section, emphasis is placed on how the fibrinolytic system is specifically adapted to the degradation of insoluble fibrin into soluble degradation products. Such knowledge is necessary for an understanding of the effects and side reactions of fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics and for the clinical application of these
Case 1-1984
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Samuel R. Schuster, David L. Gang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of CaseA seven-day-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of an intrathoracic mass.She was born in the 39th week of an uncomplicated third pregnancy to a mother aged 18 years. Delivery was vaginal, with forceps assistance under local anesthesia; the Apgar scores were 9 at one minute and 10 at five minutes. The umbilical cord contained three vessels. The weight was 2.8 kg. Scattered rales were heard on auscultation of the thorax; no other abnormality was found. At the age of three days another examination showed that the lungs were clear, and the child was discharged . . .
Mixing Politics and Zen
Authors: W. Harry Horner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 April 2004Mixing Politics and ZenW. Harry Horner, PhD, MDW. Harry Horner, PhD, MDFrom Waynesboro, VA 22980.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Reinertsen's premise that we must give patients our best if we are to be deserving of their trust (1) is one that I strongly support. I also agree that the medical community, as a whole, must cop to the charge of failing to fully implement any number of scientifically well-supported clinical guidelines. Dr. Reinertsen's other contentions, however, are primarily political perspectives that he attempts to bolster by wrapping them around patients.The suggestion I find most troubling in this regard is that the main breach of trust between physicians and patients is that protocols are not ...Reference1. Reinertsen JL. Zen and the art of physician autonomy maintenance. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:992-5. [PMID: 12809456] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Waynesboro, VA 22980. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoZen and the Art of Physician Autonomy Maintenance James L. Reinertsen Mixing Politics and Zen James L. Reinertsen Metrics 6 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 7Page: 584-585KeywordsHealth careHealth economics ePublished: 6 April 2004 Issue Published: 6 April 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Radiography of infants and children
Authors: Harvey White
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Since pediatric radiology has become an established subspecialty of radiology, it is quite natural that books on radiography of infants and children should be published. In this well-illustrated volume Dr. Darling has thoroughly outlined all the special techniques and restraining devices used on infants. In particular, he has noted the use of protective measures in radiography of children, a procedure so important that it is a "must" for all those involved in filming pediatric patients. In spite of his detailed discussion of protective devices, Dr. Darling, I believe, has failed to stipulate the adequate measures available for shielding the ovaries, difficult as this may be. The illustrations, all very clear and easy to follow, answer most of the problems encountered in radiography of children. The many tables outline exposure factors in all x-ray techniques described. The book is an excellent guide for those inexperienced in obtaining the proper radiographs in
Aluminium sucrose biscuit fillings to control hyperphosphataemia in patients undergoing dialysis.
Authors: R Gabriel, J Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Aluminium hydroxide is used to prevent hyperphosphataemia in patients undergoing dialysis, but many standard preparations are unpalatable. In this study hydrated aluminium sucrose was suspended in synthetic cream and used as a biscuit filling. Six patients undergoing dialysis took part in five five-week study periods comparing different forms of treatment. No significant difference was found between serum phosphate concentrations measured during standard treatment and those measured during treatment with aluminium sucrose biscuits. There was no significant difference in serum phosphate concentrations when the patients were given placebo biscuits and when they received no treatment. Aluminium sucrose presented in this form was an adequate phosphate binder and was acceptable to the patients.
Abstract 5519: Vaccination of melanoma patients with CD40L/IFN-γ activated dendritic cells reveals a correlation between IL-12p70 production and CD8+ T cell priming to the melanoma differentiation antigen gp100
Authors: Beatriz M. Carreno, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Megan Chan, Wen-Rong Lie, Gerald P. Linette
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ex-vivo generated dendritic cells (DC) have been used as therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer. However, these first-generation vaccines consist of DC activated to up-regulate costimulatory molecules with minimal to absent IL-12p70 production. Inflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-12p70 and interferons, provide a critical third signal along with antigen (signal 1) and costimulation (signal 2) for optimal effector CD8 T cell expansion/differentiation and memory formation. In order to generate IL-12p70-producing DC, a GMP-grade cell line expressing CD40L was developed and used in conjunction with IFN-γ to activate monocyte-derived DC. Stage IV melanoma patients (n=6) received an initial priming dose of CD40L/IFN-γ activated DC pulsed with 3 gp100 melanoma peptides (G154, G209-2M, G280-9V), followed by additional DC doses every 3 weeks for a total of 6 immunizations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated weekly during the course of immunizations were used to evaluate the kinetics and magnitude of vaccine-induced gp100-T cell responses. In all but one patient CD8+ T cell responses to all 3 gp100 peptides were detected, with strongest proliferative responses observed after 2 DC immunizations. Magnitude of responses was not heightened with further immunizations. Antigen-specific frequencies to the high affinity G154 peptide were consistently lower than those to low affinity G209 and G280 peptides. Notably, we observe a correlation between DC IL-12p70 production, immune responses to gp100, and clinical efficacy of vaccination. Patients (n=3) with highest DC IL-12p70 production levels exhibit high gp100 antigen-specific frequencies and are in remission (n=1) or have stable disease (n=2). A qualitative analysis of T cell responses generated among patients is currently underway. These results underscore the important role of DC activation status in vaccination and provide an immunological rationale for vaccine design whereby IL-12p70 contributes to effective immune-based therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5519. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5519