tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adult-Onset Spinocerebellar Dysfunction Caused by a Mutation in the Gene for the α-Tocopherol–Transfer Protein
Authors: Takanari Gotoda, Makoto Arita, Hiroyuki Arai, Keizo Inoue, Takanori Yokota, Yoshihiro Fukuo, Yoshio Yazaki, Nobuhiro Yamada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Patients with isolated vitamin E deficiency have an impaired ability to incorporate α-tocopherol into lipoproteins in the liver and usually have symptoms and signs of spinocerebellar dysfunction before adolescence. Accumulated evidence suggests that the α-tocopherol–transfer protein, which is presumed to function in the intracellular transport of α-tocopherol, is abnormal in these patients.
Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Visualization of Heal Duplication
Authors: BARRY M. FLYNN, DAVID A. SUMMERVILLE, S T TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 14-year-old male with a history of intestinal duplication resected at 2 years of age had abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heme-positive stools, and a hematocrit of 22%. Plain films, esophagoduodenoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow-through, barium enema, colonoscopy, abdominal CT, and ultrasonography revealed no abnormality. Tc-99m pertechnetate scan of the abdomen suggested probable intestinal duplication that was confirmed at laparotomy.
The FDA's decisions regarding new indications for approved drugs. Where's the evidence?
Authors: M. A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Dr Grossman and colleagues 1 criticize the use of sublingual nifedipine capsules in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and pseudoemergencies. Sublingual nifedipine gained proponents because it is easy to use and rapidly lowers blood pressure, alleviating the concerns of the physician and staff. Recommendations to use sublingual nifedipine capsules have permeated the literature, 2,3 and such recommendations continue, even as recently as a letter 4 last month proposing that ancillary staff in nursing homes could draw up 0.1 mL of nifedipine into a syringe to administer orally to patients with urgent needs for reduced blood pressure. Grossman et al point out that, in addition to the lack of evidence that an asymptomatic elevation in blood pressure should be lowered urgently and the considerable potential dangers of administering an oral drug for a hypertensive emergency, no studies have supported the use of sublingual nifedipine capsules
Dangerous Ventricular Arrhythmias -- Can We Predict Drug Efficacy?
Authors: David E. Ward, A. John Camm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Only two decades ago, the treatment of patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation was entirely empirical and relied exclusively on drug therapy. The proarrhythmic effects of drug treatment and the possibility that such treatment could be deleterious were virtually unknown. The clinical techniques of cardiac electrophysiology and electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring, just beginning to be used in the 1960s, were to change that approach beyond all recognition. With prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring,1 important data could be obtained about cardiac arrhythmias in a variety of conditions. Most important, such noninvasive monitoring became a method of assessing the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on . . .
Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Using Vacuum-Assisted Closure With Advanced Moist Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lars G. Hemkens, Andreas Waltering
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We have read with interest the article by Blume et al. (1) in which the authors interpret the presented results as supporting evidence that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is as safe as and more efficacious than advanced moist wound therapy (AMWT) to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients. NPWT is widely applied, although the evidence base is weak and existing trials are frequently affected by methodological flaws (2,3). In our opinion, the presented results should be interpreted with more caution.

One of the major reasons for the limited validity of the results is the high proportion of censored subject data (33%, n = 111) in this unblinded trial. Even though …
Septic Arthritis in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: DOROTHY DeJAK, ARNOLD E. SEROTA, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

An immunocompromised patient developed staphylococcus aureus septicemia with complaints of left shoulder pain. The bone scan revealed an increased uptake in the left sternoclavicular joint, which was subsequently diagnosed as septic arthritis with ln-111 WBC study. Unilateral increased uptake in the sternoclavicular joint is most often due to arthritis, trauma, or rotational artifact, and indeed septic arthritis was not considered in the initial bone scan.
Forearm Venous Responses to Stimulation of Adrenergic Receptors*
Authors: John W. Eckstein, Michael G. Wendling, François M. Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

sure was recorded intermittently through a three-way stopcock connected to the tube in the brachial artery with Sanborn or Statham pressure transducers.Heart rate was obtained by counting pulses on the arterial pres- sure tracing.Water level in the plethysmograph was measured electrically (9).Pressures and water level were recorded with a Sanborn direct-writing oscillograph.
Developmental Changes in Collapsibility of the Passive Pharynx during Infancy
Authors: SHIROH ISONO, ATSUKO TANAKA, TERUHIKO ISHIKAWA, TAKASHI NISHINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The upper airway configuration significantly changes during the first year of life in humans, possibly leading to alteration of collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway. The present study evaluated developmental changes of passive pharyngeal mechanics in nine normal infants ranging in age from 2 to 12 mo. The static pressure-area relationship of the passive pharynx was quantified under general anesthesia with complete paralysis. We found a direct association between age and maximal velopharyngeal area (r = 0.840, p = 0.005). Velopharyngeal closing pressure progressively decreased with increasing age (r = -0.809, p = 0.008) and the closing pressures were below atmospheric pressure in all infants (range: -0.7 to -9.8 cm H(2)O; mean +/- SD: -3.6 +/- 2.7 cm H(2)O). Shape of the pressure-area curves became steeper in slope with maturation, indicating increased pharyngeal wall stiffness during development. Accordingly, we conclude that anatomic properties of the pharynx gain stability in favor of maintaining patent airway during development in normal infants.
European health care systems.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Objective</h3> The Smoke-free Illinois Act was implemented in January 2008, one month after the beginning of a national recession. In December 2010, the Illinois legislature proposed new legislation that would provide an exemption for casinos from the act until neighbouring states also implement smoke-free casino policies. Lobbyists and gaming commission representatives argued that Illinois casinos were losing patrons to casinos in neighbouring states that allow smoking. This study examined the influence of the act on casino admissions in Illinois and neighbouring states in light of the economy. <h3>Methods</h3> A multilevel model was developed to examine monthly casino admissions from January 2007 to December 2008. <h3>Results</h3> There was no difference in changes in admissions across the four states over time after accounting for the economic downturn. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Smoke-Free Illinois Act did not have a detectable effect on Illinois casino admissions.
Trigeminal Neuralgia, Cushing
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This article, published on April 28, 1900, was presented at a symposium in Philadelphia only eight days earlier, on April 20, 1900. One might observe that it thus seems to achieve a goal of rapid publication unknown in our "modern times." The article was one of a series of eight published byThe Journalin two successive issues, climaxed by a go-with editorial on tic douloureux. All of the articles had been presented at a<i>Symposium on the Fifth Nerve and its Neurological and Surgical Relations</i>given before the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Presumably, the editor ofThe Journalthen had a lively interest in the trigeminal nerve, for this concentration of articles on the diseases of a single cranial nerve is striking. Neither before nor since has tic douloureux been covered in such detail inThe Journal. The article is the work of the young Harvey Cushing (H.
Ventricular Fibrosis Suggested by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and Its Relationship to Adverse Markers of Clinical Outcome
Authors: Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, Philip J. Kilner, Wei Li, James C. Moon, Omer Goktekin, Periklis A. Davlouros, Mohammed Khan, Siew Yen Ho, Dudley J. Pennell, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Late morbidity and mortality remain problematic after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We hypothesized that fibrosis detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) would be present in adults with repaired TOF and would be related to adverse markers of outcome. Method and Results— LGE was scored in the right and left ventricles (RV and LV) of 92 adult patients who had undergone TOF repair. RV LGE was seen in all patients at surgical sites located in the outflow tract (99%) or the site of ventricular septal defect patching (98%) and in the inferior RV insertion point (79%) and trabeculated myocardium (24%). LV LGE (53%) was located at the apex consistent with apical vent insertion (49%), in the inferior or lateral wall consistent with infarction (5%), or in other areas (8%). Patients with supramedian RV LGE score were older (38 versus 27 years, P &lt;0.001) and more symptomatic (38% versus 8% in New York Heart Association class II or greater, P =0.001), had increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (7.3 versus 4.9 pmol/L, P =0.041), and had a trend to higher brain natriuretic peptide (12.3 versus 7.2 pmol/L, P =0.086), exercise intolerance (maximum V̇ o 2 24 versus 28 mL · min −1 · kg −1 , P =0.021), RV dysfunction (RV end-systolic volume 61 versus 55 mL/m 2 , P =0.018; RV ejection fraction 50% versus 56%, P =0.007), and clinical arrhythmia (26% versus 10%, P =0.039). Non–apical vent LV LGE also correlated with markers of adverse outcome. In a multivariate model, RV LGE remained a predictor of arrhythmia. Conclusions— RV and LV LGE were common after TOF repair and were related to adverse clinical markers, including ventricular dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and neurohormonal activation. Furthermore, RV LGE was significantly associated with clinical arrhythmia.
60 LIVER STEATOSIS AND NAFLD AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A STUDY ON PREVALENCE AND RISK-FACTORS
Authors: J. Dumortier, E. Giostra, O. Guillaud, S. Belbouab, I. Morard, L. Spahr, O. Boillot, L. Rubbia-Brandt, J.-Y. Scoazec, A. Hadengue
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Comparative Survival of Dialysis Patients in the United States After Coronary Angioplasty, Coronary Artery Stenting, and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Impact of Diabetes
Authors: Charles A. Herzog, Jennie Z. Ma, Allan J. Collins
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The optimal method of coronary revascularization in dialysis patients is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term survival of dialysis patients in the United States after PTCA, coronary stenting, or CABG. Methods and Results— Dialysis patients hospitalized from 1995 to 1998 for first coronary revascularization procedures after renal replacement therapy initiation were identified from the US Renal Data System database. All-cause and cardiac survival was estimated by the life-table method and compared by the log-rank test. The impact of independent predictors on survival was examined in a Cox regression model. The in-hospital mortality was 8.6% for 6668 CABG patients, 6.4% for 4836 PTCA patients, and 4.1% for 4280 stent patients. The 2-year all-cause survival (mean±SEM) was 56.4±1.4% for CABG patients, 48.2±1.5% for PTCA patients, and 48.4±2.0% for stent patients ( P &lt;0.0001). After comorbidity adjustment, the relative risk (RR) for CABG (versus PTCA) patients was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.84, P &lt;0.0001) for all-cause death and 0.72 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.77, P &lt;0.0001) for cardiac death. For stent (versus PTCA) patients, the RR was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99, P =0.03) for all-cause death and 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99, P =0.04) for cardiac death. In diabetic (versus PTCA) patients, the RR for CABG surgery was 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.88, P &lt;0.0001) for all-cause death and 0.71 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.78, P &lt;0.0001) for cardiac death, and the RR for the stent procedure was 0.99 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.08, P =NS) for all-cause death and 0.99 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.11, P =NS) for cardiac death. Conclusions— In this retrospective study, dialysis patients in the United States had better long-term survival after CABG surgery than after percutaneous coronary intervention. Stent outcomes were relatively worse in diabetic patients. Our data support the need for large clinical registries and prospective trials of surgical and percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures in dialysis patients.
Erythropoietin promotes breast tumorigenesis through tumor-initiating cell self-renewal
Authors: Bing Zhou, Jeffrey S. Damrauer, Sean T. Bailey, Tanja Hadzic, Youngtae Jeong, Kelly Clark, Cheng Fan, Laura Murphy, Cleo Y. Lee, Melissa A. Troester, C. Ryan Miller, Jian Jin, David Darr, Charles M. Perou, Ross L. Levine, Maximilian Diehn, William Y. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that induces red blood cell production. In its recombinant form, EPO is the one of most prescribed drugs to treat anemia, including that arising in cancer patients. In randomized trials, EPO administration to cancer patients has been associated with decreased survival. Here, we investigated the impact of EPO modulation on tumorigenesis. Using genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer, we found that EPO promoted tumorigenesis by activating JAK/STAT signaling in breast tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and promoted TIC self renewal. We determined that EPO was induced by hypoxia in breast cancer cell lines, but not in human mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that high levels of endogenous EPO gene expression correlated with shortened relapse-free survival and that pharmacologic JAK2 inhibition was synergistic with chemotherapy for tumor growth inhibition in vivo. These data define an active role for endogenous EPO in breast cancer progression and breast TIC self-renewal and reveal a potential application of EPO pathway inhibition in breast cancer therapy.
Raynaud's Phenomenon and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: BRIAN M. DORSK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Raynaud's Phenomenon and Cancer ChemotherapyBRIAN M. DORSK, M.D.BRIAN M. DORSK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-652_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Vogelzang and associates describing Raynaud's phenomenon after combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer (1) provoked me to remember the line by Alexander Pope, "what oft has felt but ne'er so well expressed. " Although I have not seen Raynaud's phenomenon often, I have made similar observations in three patients with testicular cancer on treatment regimens containing bleomycin and in one patient with breast cancer on vinblastine infusion. The latter patient also had extensive rheumatologic work-up that was negative, as were cyroglobulins and cold agglutinins. Hand arteriograms were not done on any of the patients. I...Reference1. VOGELZANGBOSLJOHNSONKENNEDY NGKB. Raynaud's phenomenon: a common toxicity after combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:288-92. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcral Erythema and HydroxyureaFRANCES SANDLER SILVER, M.D., LUIS R. ESPINOZA, M.D., ROBERT C. HARTMANN, M.D. 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 652-653KeywordsAgglutininsBreast cancerCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentCombination chemotherapyPatientsRaynaud syndromeTesticular cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
174. Chloroquine and Chloroquine Analogues in Non-Viral Delivery
Authors: Jianjun Cheng, Ryan Zeidan, Swaroop Mishra, Aijie Liu, Suzie Pun, Greg Jensen, Nathalie Bellocq, Rajan Kulkarni, Mark E. Davis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Chloroquine has been widely used as a reagent to enhance transfection in many non-viral gene delivery systems. The mechanism of its action is not well understood and has not been extensively investigated. We synthesized a number of CQ analogues with variations either on the alkyl amino side chain or on the aromatic ring, and investigated their structure-function correlations as transgene expression enhancers. We found that the aliphatic amino moiety is essential to CQ's role as a gene expression enhancer, as its removal eliminates any enhancement. Further, the enhancement is dramatically affected by changes to the aromatic ring, and is positively correlated to interactions between DNA and CQ analogues. Quinacrine, a CQ analogue with a tricyclic aromatic acridinyl structure that can strongly intercalate DNA, can enhance transfection similarly to CQ at a concentration ten times lower. In contrast, N4-(7-Chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, a CQ analogue that has a weak intercalating pyridinyl ring, has no effect on gene expression. Subtle change of the 7-substituent of the CQ aromatic structure can also greatly affect its ability to enhance transgene expression. Transfection in the presence of N4-(7-trifluoromethyl-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine (TFCQ), a 7- trifluoromethyl CQ analogue, shows expression at least one order of magnitude higher than transfection in the presence of CQ at the same concentration, while transfection in the presence of N4-(4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, a 7-hydro CQ analogue, shows no enhancement in expression. CQ and TFCQ demonstrate similar activity in buffering the pH experienced by polyplexes within the endocytic pathway, but TFCQ is more potent in enhancing gene transfer. TFCQ has higher binding affinity to DNA than CQ as well as a greater tendency to competitively displace the polycation from polyplexes at an achievable intracellular concentration. These findings suggest that in addition to pH-buffering activity, CQ's competitive displacement of polycations and its interaction with nucleic acids are important to its enhancement of gene expression in non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems. Through a number of comparative studies on CQ and its analogues, we elucidated for the first time the important structural features of CQ that confer its capability to accumulate inside cells, buffer intracellular pH, and competitively displace polycations and thus unpackage DNA.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cardiac Magnetic Resonance With T2-Weighted Imaging Improves Detection of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department”
Authors: Ricardo C. Cury, Khalid Shash, Guido Rosito, Michael D. Shapiro, Cesar H. Nomura, Suhny Abbara, Fabian Bamberg, Maros Ferencik, Ehud J. Schmidt, Udo Hoffmann, Thomas J. Brady, John T. Nagurney, David F. Brown
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Identification of a unique erythroleukemia-associated retroviral gp70 expressed during early stages of normal erythroid differentiation.
Authors: W J Britt, B Chesebro, J L Portis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Late in the course of Friend virus (FV)-induced erythroleukemia, leukemic spleen cells express a cell surface retroviral gp70 envelope protein not detected during the early proliferative phase of the disease. Characterization of this gp70 revealed it was unrelated to the input Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), but antigenically similar to a unique subset of endogenous xenotropic viruses. This gp70 was expressed by murine erythroleukemia cell lines but has not been identified on cell lines of other lineages. A monoclonal antibody (18-6) specifically reactive with this polypeptide was used to examine hematopoietic organs of normal uninoculated mice. This antibody detected a gp70 expressed by a majority of erythroid cells in fetal liver and by a small but significant percentage of normal adult spleen and bone marrow cells. Increased erythropoietic activity induced by treatment of adult mice with phenylhydrazine ( PHZ ) resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in the frequency of spleen and bone marrow cells expressing this gp70. Peptide map analysis indicated that the 18-6 reactive gp70 expressed by Friend erythroleukemia cells and by cells from normal fetal liver were structurally identical. These results suggested that this unique gp70 was an erythroid-specific differentiation antigen.
Miss, Mister, Doctor: An insult
Authors: D. B Giddon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

How we are titled is of little consequence I found the editorial (April 2006 JRSM 1 ) on how we are titled most interesting.This is a continuation of the debate that the dental profession has been having for many years, fuelled by both an influx of overseas graduates styling themselves as 'Doctor', and by the development of the role of dentists from 'toothwrights' to practitioners with a more holistic approach encompassing the oral health and wellbeing of those in their care.However all of us, physicians, surgeons, general practitioners and dentists have one thing in commonpatients.But that may be about to change.The same week as the editorial appeared, the chief executive of the Sussex Partnership NHS Trust ordered staff not to refer to people receiving medical care as patients but as clients.This not only demonstrates a misunderstanding of our roles but also devalues both practitioners and those that we care for.Patients are not simply clients or users of health services.Patients are those receiving care, who are given time, are listened to and treated with sympathy, understanding and expertise.There is something special about the term patient, and although to give a precise dictionary definition is difficult, it is well understood by those who deliver the care.How we are titled may well, as the editorial states, be of little consequence; far more important is how we refer to, and perceive, those in our care.