tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
the arguments could be extended
Authors: Ron Zimmern, Alison Hall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Lucassen and colleagues are right to query whether obtaining consent from next of kin always protects patients' interests. In the example they give, it is quite proper to argue for a more practical approach that balances benefits and harms. However, this particular example leaves other questions unanswered.

Suppose that Ms Cole's aunt is alive but is demented and not competent to consent to any disclosure from her medical records or that she is untraceable. Even if there were no good reason to believe that she would not have objected to such disclosure, it is likely that Ms Cole would be prevented from accessing the information by the hospital, and it is unlikely that the draft …
Effect of Sodium Dextrothyroxine on Serum Cholesterol in Man
Authors: William R. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PROPHYLAXIS and arrest of progression of atherosclerosis has become the subject of intensive research in recent years. Lipid metabolism has occupied a prominent position in investigation on this subject. Turner<sup>1</sup>and Menne<sup>2</sup>et al. have shown that the administration of dessicated thyroid gland to animals fed large amounts of cholesterol tended to prevent the formation of atherosclerosis. The calorigenic effects of thyroid hormone prohibit its use in many patients, particularly those with coronary arteriosclerosis. The dextro-isomer of thyroxine has been shown to exert an effect on serum cholesterol comparable to that of dessicated thyroid or levothyroxine, the naturally occurring thyroid hormone. Dextrothyroxine, however, exerts a lesser calorigenic effect. While D-thyroxine possesses only from 1% to 2% of the cardiac-stimulating activity of Lthyroxine in raising the pulse rate in laboratory animals, it has about 16% of the potency in reducing serum cholesterol.<sup>3</sup>This disproportion of effect on
Abstract 969: The anti-apoptotic impact of neurotrophic factor GDNF on breast cancer cells pre-treated with trastuzumab.
Authors: Mossa Gardaneh, Sahar Shojaei
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reports on breast cancer resistance to hormone/antibody therapy indicate molecular switches between membrane or non-membrane tyrosine kinase receptors may be key players. We investigated the impact of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the activity of these receptors in breast cancer cell lines pre-treated with trastuzumab that blocks her2. We found by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses that GDNF activates SRC via GDNF-specific receptor Ret leading to SRC-AKT interaction in the lipid raft of the cell membrane. Consequently, p53 is phosphorylated and interacts with MDM2 that ultimately inhibits apoptosis. Phosphorylation and activation events occurred more robustly in SKBR3, a cell line with strong her2 expression, than in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 both having lower expression levels of her2. Inhibition of the SRC-AKT interaction using an SRC-specific antibody blocked GDNF-promoted anti-apoptotic effects. We found similar changes when we replaced cell lines with her2-positive tumor cells collected from breast cancer patients. GDNF is introduced a molecular switch for promoting drug resistance in breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: Mossa Gardaneh, Sahar Shojaei. The anti-apoptotic impact of neurotrophic factor GDNF on breast cancer cells pre-treated with trastuzumab. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 969. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-969
Impact of case management (Evercare) on frail elderly patients: controlled before and after analysis of quantitative outcome data
Authors: Hugh Gravelle, Mark Dusheiko, Rod Sheaff, Penny Sargent, Ruth Boaden, Susan Pickard, Stuart Parker, Martin Roland
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the impact on outcomes in patients of the Evercare approach to case management of elderly people. <b>Design</b> Practice level before and after analysis of hospital admissions data with control group. <b>Setting</b> Nine primary care trusts in England that, in 2003-5, piloted case management of elderly people selected as being at high risk of emergency admission. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rates of emergency admission, emergency bed days, and mortality from April 2001 to March 2005 in 62 Evercare practices and 6960-7695 control practices in England (depending on the analysis being carried out). <b>Results</b> The intervention had no significant effect on rates of emergency admission (increase 16.5%, (95% confidence interval −5.7% to 38.7%), emergency bed days (increase 19.0%, −5.3% to 43.2%), and mortality (increase 34.4%, −1.7% to 70.3%) for a high risk population aged &gt;65 with a history of two or more emergency admissions in the preceding 13 months. For the general population aged ≥65 effects on the rates of emergency admission (increase 2.5%, −2.1% to 7.0%), emergency bed days (decrease −4.9%, −10.8% to 1.0%), and mortality (increase 5.5%, −3.5% to 14.5%) were also non-significant. <b>Conclusions</b> Case management of frail elderly people introduced an additional range of services into primary care without an associated reduction in hospital admissions. This may have been because of identification of additional cases. Employment of community matrons is now a key feature of case management policy in the NHS in England. Without more radical system redesign this policy is unlikely to reduce hospital admissions.
Neutrophil Viability in Down's Syndrome
Authors: Pietro COCCHI
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Neutrophils of patients with Down's syndrome are known to have numerous abnormalities associated with diminished resistance to infection.<sup>1,2</sup>Several granulocyte functions have been measured in these patients: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolism; however, the survival of circulating neutrophils has not been investigated. The purpose of our study was to determine whether or not dead granulocytes are present in patients with trisomy 21 and in normal subjects. A supravital staining, the eosin ion exclusion test of Hanks and Wallace<sup>3</sup>as described elsewhere,<sup>4</sup>was employed in this investigation. Loopspots of 1% aqueous eosin allowed to dry on a clean slide are rehydrated with 2-mm loops of heparinized fingertip or venous blood no more than 30 minutes after the removal. After two minutes at room temperature, the percentage of granulocytes containing eosin was determined by microscopic observation of droplets that have been fixed in 95% alcohol.
Selective deposition of immunoglobulin A1 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M E Conley, M D Cooper, A F Michael
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To further characterize the IgA deposits found in glomeruli of patients with IgA nephropathy, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, renal biopsies from patients with these disorders were stained by immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti-IgA subclass reagents, anti-light chain reagents and anti-J chain. The mesangium and peripheral capillary were brightly stained for IgA1 and were negative for IgA2. IgA1 and, to a lesser extent, IgA2 were contained in tubular casts. Both kappa and lambda light chains were found in all deposits. The intensity of J chain staining correlated with the intensity of IgM and not IgA staining. Biopsies brightly stained for IgA but negative for IgM were negative for J chain. These results indicate that glomerular IgA deposits in these disorders consist predominantly of monomers of IgA1.
Structural Alterations of Gene Complexes by Cystic Fibrosis Sputum
Authors: NIEK N. SANDERS, ELSA VAN ROMPAEY, STEFAAN C. DE SMEDT, JOSEPH DEMEESTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Gene complexes with optimal physicochemical characteristics for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy in vitro may become inactive in vivo as a result of destruction upon interaction with CF mucus. Therefore, we examined in this study to what extent main sputum components (linear DNA, mucin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and albumin) may disintegrate lipoplexes. We found that mixing linear DNA with lipoplexes, in concentration ratios as occurs in the mucus of patients with CF in clinical studies with lipoplexes, drastically altered the surface charge and size of our lipoplexes and resulted in the liberation of plasmid DNA from the lipoplexes. These concentration ratios occur in vivo when the DNA concentration in the sputum becomes > 2.7 mg/ml, a quite realistic concentration even in patients without acute exacerbations. Lipoplexes brought in contact with native CF sputa at clinically relevant concentration ratios dissociated when the DNA concentration in the sputa was > 2.7 mg/ml. However, when the linear DNA was degraded by recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I before lipoplexes were added, the linear DNA did not cause any dissociation of the lipoplexes. Addition of albumin and mucin to the lipoplexes in a clinically relevant concentration ratio changed the surface charge of the lipoplexes to negative, however, without release of plasmid DNA. Mucin, dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine, and dipalmitoylglycerophosphoglycerol did not cause any change in lipoplex properties at clinically relevant concentration ratios.Keywords: cystic fibrosis; gene delivery; gene complexes and stability
Myocardial Infarction During Pregnancy
Authors: Randall S. Naden
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE OCCURRENCE of proved myocardial infarction during pregnancy is rare. Reis and Frankenthal 1 reported the first case in 1935. Since then, 17 additional proved cases have been reported.  The purpose of this paper is to present another case, the 19th, and to review the pertinent literature.  Report of a Case  A 39-year-old female was admitted to the hospital on April 19, 1958, with the chief complaint of chest pain. The pain was a burning-pressure sensation across the front of the chest, with radiation to the inner aspect of both upper extremities. This first occurred 5 days prior to admission. She had experienced 6 episodes of the pain, with or just after exertion. The pain would last for approximately 5 minutes after she stopped what she was doing, and the longest episode lasted 10 minutes. During the night prior to admission, she had an episode while resting in bed. This
The Male Factor
Authors: Philip Troen, Hiroyuki Oshima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The use of a specific radiolabeled antiglobulin test to detect antisperm antibodies has given positive results in 7% of infertile men and 13% of infertile women, and may be a reliable means of identifying and possibly treating patients whose infertility is caused by immune mechanisms. The importance of studying the infertile couple rather than the women only has been emphasized; the sparse data available suggest that deficiencies may occur in the man in as many as 1/2 of the estimated 10-15% of couples who are infertile. Most infertile men are still classified as having idiopathic oligospermia, implying sperm counts below those associated with ready fertility, without apparent cause. It is now clear that the fertility potential of both partners must be evaluated in assessing the importance of oligospermia, making assessment of the response to therapy more difficult. The diagnosis of oligospermia itself is beset by such difficulties as the variability of the sperm count at both normal and low levels and the overlap between presumed fertile and infertile levels of sperm. The maximum number of sperm necessary to define oligospermia has declined over recent years to 10 million sperm/ml. Oligospermia appears to represent a common response of the male reproductive system to a variety of insults. Most patients have abnormal pituitary responsiveness related to decreased feedback control of hypothalamus and pituitary by the testis. Altered testicular function is most likely when the sperm count is below 5 million/ml. Environmental factors, intrinsic testicular defects, and androgen insensitivity due to a decreased number of androgen receptors are other possible causes. The probable diversity of pathogenesis and the difficulty of obtaining properly controlled studies are reasons for the inconclusive results of most therapeutic efforts. However, significant progress in the understanding of testicular disorders in the past few years has led to an outburst of scientific and collegial activities related to andrology, and there is reasonable hope for a more definite understanding of male fertility in the near future.
Primary results of the BNP multinational study: B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure
Authors: Alan S. Maisel, Radmila Kazanegra, James McCord, Richard M. Nowak, Judd E. Hollander, Phillippe Duc, Gabriel Steg, Torbjorn Omland, Arne Westheim, William T. Abraham, Alan B. Storrow, Sumant Lamba, Alan H. Wu, Peter A. McCullough
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Is Behcet's disease triggered by childhood infection?
Authors: C Cooper, E C Pippard, H Sharp, C Wickham, M A Chamberlain, D J Barker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

In a comparison of 30 patients with Behçet's disease and 60 age and sex matched community controls an increased risk of Behçet's disease was associated with tonsillectomy, a history of cold sores, large sibship size, late birth order, travel to countries with high incidence of the disease, and first sexual intercourse before 16 years of age. These findings are consistent with a triggering of the disease by infection during childhood or adolescence in an immunogenetically predisposed host.
Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by capsular polysaccharide–specific polymeric IgA, complement, and phagocytes
Authors: Edward N. Janoff, Claudine Fasching, Jan M. Orenstein, Jeffrey B. Rubins, Nancy L. Opstad, Agustin P. Dalmasso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The role of IgA in the control of invasive mucosal pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae is poorly understood. We demonstrate that human pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide–specific IgA initiated dose-dependent killing of S. pneumoniae with complement and phagocytes. The majority of specific IgA in serum was of the polymeric form (pIgA), and the efficiency of pIgA-initiated killing exceeded that of monomeric IgA–initiated killing. In the absence of complement, specific IgA induced minimal bacterial adherence, uptake, and killing. Killing of S. pneumoniae by resting phagocytes with immune IgA required complement, predominantly via the C2-independent alternative pathway, which requires factor B, but not calcium. Both S. pneumoniae–bound IgA and complement were involved, as demonstrated by a 50% decrease in killing with blocking of Fcα receptor (CD89) and CR1/CR3 (CD35/CD11b). However, IgA-mediated killing by phagocytes could be reproduced in the absence of opsonic complement by pre-activating phagocytes with the inflammatory products C5a and TNF-α. Thus, S. pneumoniae capsule–specific IgA may show distinct roles in effecting clearance of S. pneumoniae in the presence or absence of inflammation. These data suggest mechanisms whereby pIgA may serve to control pneumococcal infections locally and upon the pathogen's entry into the bloodstream.
AMA Auxiliary Activities
Authors: Betty Szewczyk
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maternal Overweight and Obesity and Risks of Severe Birth-Asphyxia-Related Complications in Term Infants: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Martina Persson, Stefan Johansson, Eduardo Villamor, Sven Cnattingius
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Background Maternal overweight and obesity increase risks of pregnancy and delivery complications and neonatal mortality, but the mechanisms are unclear. The objective of the study was to investigate associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related outcomes in infants delivered at term (≥37 weeks). Methods and Findings A nation-wide Swedish cohort study based on data from the Medical Birth Register included all live singleton term births in Sweden between 1992 and 2010. Logistic regression analyses were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for Apgar scores between 0 and 3 at 5 and 10 minutes, meconium aspiration syndrome, and neonatal seizures, adjusted for maternal height, maternal age, parity, mother's smoking habits, education, country of birth, and year of infant birth. Among 1,764,403 term births, 86% had data on early pregnancy BMI and Apgar scores. There were 1,380 infants who had Apgar score 0–3 at 5 minutes (absolute risk = 0.8 per 1,000) and 894 had Apgar score 0–3 at 10 minutes (absolute risk = 0.5 per 1,000). Compared with infants of mothers with normal BMI (18.5–24.9), the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for Apgar scores 0–3 at 10 minutes were as follows: BMI 25–29.9: 1.32 (1.10–1.58); BMI 30–34.9: 1.57 (1.20–2.07); BMI 35–39.9: 1.80 (1.15–2.82); and BMI ≥40: 3.41 (1.91–6.09). The ORs for Apgar scores 0–3 at 5 minutes, meconium aspiration, and neonatal seizures increased similarly with maternal BMI. A study limitation was lack of data on effects of obstetric interventions and neonatal resuscitation efforts. Conclusion Risks of severe asphyxia-related outcomes in term infants increase with maternal overweight and obesity. Given the high prevalence of the exposure and the severity of the outcomes studied, the results are of potential public health relevance and should be confirmed in other populations. Prevention of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age is important to improve perinatal health. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Book: Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea
Authors: P. Trevor-Roper
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Jurgen Kovacs, Paul U Unschuld University of California Press, £46, pp 515 ISBN0520080580 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> This is the first English translation of a classic 15th century text on Chinese ophthalmology. Its very title warns us that we are stepping from the solid shores of the exact sciences into speculative waters, into a parallel world sustained by a sequence of analogues and origins, fantasies and metaphors, where all our comfortable realities become shifting and insubstantial. We are left with a galaxy of theories and attributions, which are … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Asparagine Synthetase Polymorphisms and Toxicity and Efficacy of Asparaginases
Authors: Vassilios I. Avramis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Asparaginases develop innovative "tumor starvation" conditions for all antileukemia treatments; however, administrations are limited by the toxicities of this drug. Patients exhibiting moderate toxicity have optimal treatment outcomes. Certain asparagine synthetase polymorphisms may contribute to severe host toxicities in divergent subsets of patients, whereas others do not. Clinical correlations should be evaluated.
Alteration of reactivity of native arteries induced by venous graft placement.
Authors: D E Bjorling, R Saban, M W Tengowski, S M Gruel, V K Rao
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Occlusion of aortocoronary venous grafts can be due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis, or vasospasm. Investigations have focused on properties of the graft itself, and little is known about the vascular reactivity and function of the native arteries proximal and distal to the vein graft, although spasm of the native artery distal to the graft site has been observed in patients. We hypothesized that the function of the endothelium of the native arteries may be altered after surgery. Autogenous venous grafts were placed in femoral arteries of rabbits to study the reactivity of the native arteries after grafting. Four weeks after graft implantation, the vein graft, ipsilateral vein, and native artery proximal and distal to the graft were removed for in vitro studies. Morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy after labeling with acetylated low density lipoprotein labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate indicated the presence of an intact, metabolically active endothelial layer. There was no alteration in the contractile responses to phenylephrine of the arteries, vein grafts, or veins. Precontracted vein grafts, veins, and arterial segments proximal to the grafts relaxed when exposed to endothelium-dependent vasodilators (acetylcholine, arachidonic acid, and substance P), but the native arteries distal to the grafts did not. In bioassay cascade experiments, the distal artery did not release any measurable relaxing factor when exposed to acetylcholine. We conclude that the endothelium of the distal artery did not function normally. The extent and reversibility of altered endothelial function remain to be determined. This observation may help to explain the occurrence of myocardial infarction after aortocoronary bypass grafting in some patients.
Albendazole as an adjuvant to the standard surgical management of hydatid cyst liver
Authors: Sajad Hussain Arif, None Shams-ul-Bari, Nazir Ahmad Wani, Showkat Ahmad Zargar, Mehmood Ahmad Wani, Rehana Tabassum, Zahoor Hussain, Ajaz Ahmad Baba, Riyaz Ahmad Lone
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
THE EFFECT OF ATRIAL TACHYARRHYTHMIA ON HEART FAILURE OR DEATH IN CRT-D VERSUS ICD PATIENTS: A MADIT-CRT SUB STUDY
Authors: Anne-Christine Huth Ruwald, Grzegorz Pietrasik, Ilan Goldenberg, Christian Jons, Valentina Kutyifa, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, Arthur Moss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hypercalcemic Crisis and Pancreatitis in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Noel H. Kleppel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THOUGH ACUTE hyperparathyroidism intoxication is an infrequent complication of hyperparathyroidism, its presence in the face of acute pancreatitis is exceedingly rare. In 1961, Fink and Finfrock<sup>1</sup>reported that a review of the literature revealed only 56 cases of acute intoxication reported up until 1959, with pancreatitis occurring in only 19 cases or 34%. In the 56 cases, there were 24 deaths and 32 survivals. Fink and Finfrock added a case of their own, but a review of the literature since that time has not revealed another. This report adds to the literature an additional case of multiple parathyroid adenomata causing acute calcium intoxication and pancreatitis. Attention is brought to the recognition of this entity and an argument is presented for the early surgical removal of the offending adenoma or adenomata, even in the face of acute pancreatitis. Such therapy may represent the only chance for survival of the patient.