tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis: a brief history and current view based on an IARC workshop report. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Authors: L Tomatis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently convened a Working Group of Experts (June 11-18, 1991) to discuss the use of information on carcinogenesis mechanisms in carcinogenic risk identification. The role of cell proliferation in carcinogenesis was among the items discussed in detail. It was recognized that cell proliferation is an important mechanistic aspect for both genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens. It may act at each stage of the carcinogenesis process, altering the size of the pool of cells at risk for a next event. Cell proliferation was considered to be important, especially as a) an integral part of the process of converting DNA adducts to mutation, b) an enhancing factor for the mutation frequency by inducing errors in replication, and c) an important factor in determining dose-response relationships for some carcinogens. It was also recognized that not all agents that induce cell proliferation are necessarily involved in carcinogenesis; for example, a) not all skin hyperplasia-inducing compounds are skin tumor promoters, b) agents that induce "regenerative" cell proliferation appear to have different effects on tumor induction from agents that have a direct mitogenic effect, and c) the carcinogenic activity of many nonmutagenic agents depends on the continuous administration of the agent. In addition, tissues with a high rate of cell proliferation do not have a higher risk of developing cancer. Thus, no simple relationship exists between cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
Aberrant coronary artery origin from the aorta. Report of 18 patients, review of literature and delineation of natural history and management.
Authors: R R Liberthson, R E Dinsmore, J T Fallon
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To clarify the natural history and management of patients with aberrant origin of a coronary artery from the aorta, we reviewed 18 patients whose right (RCA) or left (LCA) coronary artery arose aberrantly and passed between the aorta and right ventricular infundibulum. Nine patients had aberrant LCA. Three young males died suddenly after exertion, each with proximal focal LCA stenosis. None of the six adults with angina (ages 36-70 years) studied angiographically had proximal LCA stenosis. Unlike the young, "sudden death-prone" patients in whom coronary bypass of proximal stenosis may have prophylactic value, our older patients with aberrant LCA did not have proximal stenosis or sudden death, and therefore LCA bypass for sudden death prophylaxis is not warranted. Nine patients (ages 18-60 years) had aberrant origin and course of the RCA. Seven patients studied angiographically because of angina had no focal proximal RCA stenosis, but two patients had hypoplastic RCA ostia. Although a potential concern in these latter patients, sudden death has not been reported with aberrant RCA, therefore in the absence of syncope, RCA bypass for sudden death prophylaxis is not indicated.
Dunk Lacerations—Unusual Injuries to the Hands of Basketball Players
Authors: Arthur A. Kirk
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Injuries to the hand in basketball players are fairly frequent, but an unusual type came to my attention while I was attending a tournament that drew young men from all over the country. Many of these young men are exceptionally tall and can usually dunk or "stuff" the ball, as it is commonly called. Two of the men, one 208 cm tall and another 203 cm tall, received injuries to the side of the hand. One injury was on the ulnar side at the hypothenar area, with a laceration approximately 2 cm long and 1 cm deep, which required sutures. The other man received a laceration 4 cm long and 1 cm wide, which gave the appearance of skin graft having been removed. The baskets were taken down and examined. There were several places on the baskets that could have caused these injuries. The area that caused
Menopause and Coronary-Artery Heart Disease
Authors: FREDERICK P. ZUSPAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Menopause and Coronary-Artery Heart DiseaseFREDERICK P. ZUSPAN, M.D.FREDERICK P. ZUSPAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-439_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Gordon and colleagues (1) in the August 1978 issue, "Menopause and Coronary Heart Disease. The Framingham Study," contained wording in the abstract that seemed inappropriate. Were the particular values arrived at from the statement, ". . . whether menopause was natural or surgical. In surgical menopause there was excess incidence whether the ovaries were removed or not?" It is impossible to have a surgical menopause unless the ovaries are removed, hence their statement needs further clarification, as does their data.Table 1, column 1, indicates the type of menopause, and under the headings are...Reference1. GORDONKANNELHJORTLANDMCNAMARA TWMP: Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 89:157-161, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FREDERICK P. ZUSPAN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEditorial 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 439-440KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseMenopauseOvaries ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Latent Class Analysis of Lifetime Depressive Symptoms in the National Comorbidity Survey
Authors: Patrick F. Sullivan, Ronald C. Kessler, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective:Although clinical trials have documented the importance of identifying individuals with major depression with atypical features, there are fewer epidemiological data. In a prior report, the authors used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify a distinctive atypical depressive subtype; they sought to replicate that finding in the current study.Method:Using the National Comorbidity Survey data, the authors applied LCA to 14 DSM-III-R major depressive symptoms in the participants' lifetime worst episodes (N=2,836). Validators of class membership included depressive disorder characteristics, syndrome consequences, demography, comorbidity, personality/attitudes, and parental psychiatric history.Results:The best-fitting LCA solution had six classes. Four were combinations of atypicality and severity: severe atypical, mild atypical, severe typical, and mild typical. Syndrome severity (severe atypical and typical versus mild atypical and typical classes) was associated with a pronounced pattern of more and longer episodes, worse syndrome consequences, increased psychiatric comorbidity, more deviant personality and attitudes, and parental alcohol/drug use disorder. Syndrome atypicality (severe and mild atypical versus severe and mild typical classes) was associated with decreased syndrome consequences, comorbid conduct disorder and social phobia, higher interpersonal dependency and lower self-esteem, and parental alcohol/drug use disorder. Conclusions:As in prior reports, the atypical subtype of depression can be identified in epidemiological samples and, like typical depression, exists in mild and severe variants. Atypical depressive subtypes were characterized by several distinctive features. However, the correspondence between epidemiologically derived typologies of atypical depression and DSM-IV major depression with atypical features is not yet known. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1398-1406
Does short term placebo treatment of chronic schizophrenia produce long term harm?
Authors: D A Curson, S R Hirsch, S D Platt, R W Bamber, T R Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial is the most reliable method of assessing putative new developments in medical treatment. In schizophrenia, however, some clinicians believe that relapse contributes to long term deterioration and therefore that patients exposed to either placebo or an inactive new treatment may be put at a disadvantage in the long run if the trial leads to an additional relapse. A seven year follow up of patients included in a randomised placebo controlled trial of fluphenazine decanoate, in which 66% of the group given placebo relapsed compared with 8% of those who received the active drug, permitted examination of any long term adverse consequences in those patients who had received placebo. Seventy six (94%) of the 81 patients in the original trial were followed up. At the end of the follow up period there were no consistent or important differences in any measure of clinical or social outcome between the patients who had received placebo and those who had received the active drug. This negative finding has implications for the debate on the risk of placebo controlled trials of maintenance treatment in chronic schizophrenia.
Analytical and confirmative techniques for dibenzo-p-dioxins based upon their cation radicals.
Authors: A E Pohland, G C Yang, N Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1973)

A large number of analytical methods for the detection of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins have been reported in the past few years (1-8) ; generally, these methods involve the use of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) or GLC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS).Detection limits of about 1 ng have been reported for GLC-MS techniques with the demonstrated capability of detecting these compounds in the picogram range by use of special techniques.One of the disad- vantages of such techniques, at least for confirmative purposes, appears to be the in- ability to distinguish between positional iso- mers by MS as well as the inaccessibility to many analysts of the expensive equipment involved.We were therefore interested in developing the potential of some new confirmative techniques for identification of the various chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.To support this work we first synthesized a series of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (9).We then obtained the visible and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the cation radicals of these materials, and finally we attempted to assess the usefulness of these data for confirmation of the presence of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.The results of these studies are described below.
Pathophysiology of Physiologic Cardiac Pacing
Authors: David A. Kass
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NEW SOURCES OF DANGER IN THE USE OF OPIUM.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

four hours for three doses.If the patient became quiet and the delirium disappeared the remedy was stopped before the third dose.If not, another series of three doses six hours apart was ordered.In the cases that showed the best results not more than three doses were necessary.The guide to the re- petition of the dose was its narcotic effect.No marked dropping of the pulse was noted in any of the cases, but in the successful ones the pulse was seen to be increased in force, and to become fuller, stronger, and more regu- lar after the first dose.The cold clammy perspiration disappeared, the skin became warmer, and the patient went to sleep.No effect of the remedy was noticed on the kidneys as shown by the usual secretion of urine.
Interferon and Genital Warts: Much Potential, Modest Progress
Authors: Philip Kirby
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important sexually transmitted disease that is increasing in prevalence and is associated with genital neoplasia. An office See also pp 533. based survey of consultations for genital warts in the United States documented a 580% increase between 1966 and 1983.<sup>1</sup>Genital HPV infection is the most commonly diagnosed viral sexually transmitted disease and, with gonorrhea and chlamydial infection, one of the three most frequently diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases. Furthermore, it is apparent that the classic exophytic genital wart, or condyloma acuminatum, is only one manifestation of genital HPV infection and that many, if not most, infections are undetectable with routine inspection. These "subclinical" infections are diagnosed using the techniques of colposcopy, cytology, histology, HPV antigen detection, and DNA hybridization, although each of these has limitations in sensitivity, specificity, or both. Molecular hybridization has shown a prevalence of genital HPV infection of
Relationship between soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and the alveolar inflammatory response in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: T R Martin, G D Rubenfeld, J T Ruzinski, R B Goodman, K P Steinberg, D J Leturcq, A M Moriarty, G Raghu, R P Baughman, L D Hudson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The effects of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) are amplified by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and CD14, resulting in cellular activation at very low concentrations of LPS. To investigate the importance of this pathway in acute lung injury, we measured LPS, LBP, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of 82 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). LBP and sCD14 increased markedly in BAL of patients with ARDS. sCD14 and LBP each were strongly related to BAL total protein and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) concentration, whereas LPS concentration was not. Multivariate analyses showed sCD14 to be strongly related to BAL total protein, even after controlling for LPS and LBP concentrations. sCD14 was strongly and independently related to PMN concentration, after controlling for BAL LPS, LBP, and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The BAL LPS concentration was not strongly related to either BAL total protein or BAL PMN. The BAL sCD14 and LBP values were similar in all subgroups of patients with ARDS, and were not related to survival. The serum LBP and sCD14 were elevated in ARDS, but were not related to BAL total protein, LBP, sCD14, PMN, or clinical outcome. Thus, LBP and sCD14 reach high concentrations in the lungs of patients with ARDS, and BAL sCD14 is strongly related to two major indices of lung inflammation: total protein and PMN concentration. CD14-dependent mechanisms may contribute to lung inflammation in ARDS.
An Address ON THE TREATMENT OF MOBILE BACKWARD DISPLACEMENT OF THE UTERUS: Delivered to the North of England Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society
Authors: A. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THE chief aim of a society such as ours is the encouragement of research and the enlargement of knowledge in our special department.But I think it is advisable from time to time to review opinions which seem to have become more or less established and to subject them to criticism inspired by healthy scepticism.It is for this reason that I am asking the members of the society to give me their individual .6pinions on the treatment of retroversion in general, and in particular on fixation and suspension operations in cases of mobile retroversion.I need not conceal from you at the outset that it is subject on which I hold very strong views, and that these are not the views of the majority of gynaecologists all the world.But1 believe that the general opinion is based on a false pathology, and that, apart from a few exceptional cases, these operations are unnecessary, and in many distinctly harmful.A good deal of what I have to say is not new, but was contained in a paper communicated by
Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with procainamide induced lupus syndrome and anticardiolipin antibodies.
Authors: R A Asherson, J Zulman, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Procainamide is the commonest cause of a drug induced lupus syndrome. Long term administration of this compound may induce a variety of immunological abnormalities, including antinuclear antibodies. Uncommonly, 9lupus anticoagulants9 have been demonstrated in the absence of other evidence of drug induced lupus. Details of a 67 year old man who developed not only drug induced lupus but also antiphospholipid antibodies which were associated with multiple pulmonary thromboemboli after the administration of procainamide are recorded.
Simple measures could increase life expectancy by 5-10 years
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Simple, cost effective public health measures could lengthen the average human life span by five to 10 years, according to the latest World Health Report , the World Health Organization's annual review of global health. The 2002 report quantifies the leading threats to health by geographical region and recommends measures to cut preventable risks.

Overall the top 10 risk factors—accounting for about 40% of the 56 million deaths in the world each year—are underweight in children and mothers; …
Allopurinol Toxicity Masquerading as Malignancy
Authors: Andrei Calin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> It is well recognized that allopurinol may cause serious side effects. These include arteritis,<sup>1</sup>toxic epidermal necrolysis,<sup>2</sup>interstitial nephritis,<sup>3</sup>agranulocytosis,<sup>4</sup>granulomatous hepatitis,<sup>5</sup>and other less specific side effects.<sup>6</sup> A present case suggests that anorexia, severe weight loss, general weakness, and malaise (symptoms suggestive of malignancy) may also be caused by allopurinol. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 66-year-old man was seen in January 1977 with a three-month history of weight loss (9 kg), anorexia, weakness, and nonspecific abdominal pain. The symptoms suggested a diagnosis of malignancy, and the patient was admitted to the Stanford University Medical Center for evaluation. Examination showed a wasted and severely ill man. Abnormal laboratory values included an ESR of 55 mm in the first hour and a carcinoembryonic antigen of 13 units (normal, &lt;4). Echo studies indicated a possible pancreatic mass. Numerous other investigations, including
Hydration, transepidermal water loss, pH and skin surface parameters: correlations and variations between dominant and non-dominant forearms
Authors: P. TREFFEL, F. PANISSET, B. FAIVRE, P. AGACHE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The aim of this study was to examine differences between the skin of both forearms with regard to several parameters: hydration (skin capacitance), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pH and skin surface parameters. Possible correlations between measurements were investigated. Thirty‐three healthy women (32.6 + 8.4 years) participated in the study. The different parameters were measured on each volar forearm (dominant and non‐dominant) at precisely delineated sites. TEWL and developed length (DL) were significantly increased on the dominant forearm (P<0·001 and P <0·01, respectively). In addition, a correlation matrix was calculated with the differences between dominant and non‐dominant forearms for all the parameters measured. Only the skin surface parameters were found to be interrelated with this statistical approach. These data confirm that randomization between forearms is essential in the design of a reliable experimental plan, and indicate the lack of relationship between these measurements as assessed in a group of healthy young women.
The Diagnosis of Brain Death with Tc-99m HMPAO
Authors: KIM WILSON, LEONIE GORDON, JOHN B. SELBY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Evaluation of blood flow to the brain using various radiopharmaceuticals can be used to confirm brain death. Agents available for this purpose include Tc-99m HMPAO, Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m glucoheptonate, and Tc-99m DTPA. The authors evaluated the use of Tc-99m HMPAO in 17 patients suspected of brain death using flow images and static images at several time intervals: immediately, between 30 and 60 minutes, and at 2 hours. These studies were compared to several studies performed with Tc-99m glucoheptonate and Tc-99m DTPA. The results of the Tc-99m HMPAO brain death studies correlated well with the patients' clinical conditions. Static images 1 to 2 hours after the injection of 5 to 30 mCi of Tc-99m HMPAO were satisfactory for an accurate interpretation; however, an immediate answer could as easily be supplied using flow images alone. Tc-99m HMPAO was found to be more easily interpreted and less dependent on imaging technique than Tc-99m glucoheptonate and Tc-99m DTPA, and it is the agent of choice for the evaluation of brain death.
Tyk2 and Stat3 Regulate Brown Adipose Tissue Differentiation and Obesity
Authors: Marta Derecka, Agnieszka Gornicka, Sergei B. Koralov, Karol Szczepanek, Magdalena Morgan, Vidisha Raje, Jennifer Sisler, Qifang Zhang, Dennis Otero, Joanna Cichy, Klaus Rajewsky, Kazuya Shimoda, Valeria Poli, Birgit Strobl, Sandra Pellegrini, Thurl E. Harris, Patrick Seale, Aaron P. Russell, Andrew J. McAinch, Paul E. O’Brien, Susanna R. Keller, Colleen M. Croniger, Tomasz Kordula, Andrew C. Larner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Mania and Depression: A Classification of Syndrome and Disease
Authors: Fred M. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Winokur's book represents the achievement of a professional lifetime of thinking about how to separate types of affective disorders based upon such factors as clinical syndrome descriptions, epidemiology, premorbid personality, course of illness (including age at onset), family history of psychiatric illness, laboratory findings, response to treatment, and genetic studies. It also has the benefit of being written in straightforward, unpretentious prose. The approach is strictly according to the medical model of psychiatric illness; consequently, anyone primarily involved with psychoanalytic approaches will not find this text of much interest. Nevertheless, as a psychoanalytic reviewer, I am powerfully impressed by the author's scholarship. Any models, including both psychodynamic and medical, if employed in isolation, will have serious limitations; however, it is fascinating how Winokur ends up convincingly dividing the category affective disorders into four specific affective disorders: (1) organic affective syndrome (dysfunction in the brain or bodily metabolic disease); (2) bipolar