tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>c-kit</i> Receptor Expression in Ewing’s Sarcoma: Lack of Prognostic Value but Therapeutic Targeting Opportunities in Appropriate Conditions
Authors: Katia Scotlandi, Maria Cristina Manara, Rosaria Strammiello, Lorena Landuzzi, Stefania Benini, Stefania Perdichizzi, Massimo Serra, Alessia Astolfi, Giordano Nicoletti, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Franco Bertoni, Patrizia Nanni, Piero Picci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Autocrine/paracrine stimulation of c-kit has been recently observed in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell lines. In this study, we tested the prognostic and therapeutic role of the receptor in this tumor.One hundred one ES tumor biopsies were evaluated for the expression of c-kit by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure. Effectiveness of STI-571 (Gleevec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a selective inhibitor of specific tyrosine kinases, was analyzed with respect to in vitro growth and migration inhibition, as single agent or in combination with doxorubicin.Approximately 30% of patients expressed c-kit in their primary tumors. No significant association between the expression of the receptor and the clinical outcome was observed. In vitro growth of ES cell lines showing high levels of c-kit demonstrated limited inhibition by exposure to STI-571 (10 micromol/L is required to obtain 40% to 50% of growth inhibition). A decrease of stem-cell factor-mediated ES cell migration was also found. The drug acted additively with doxorubicin in inhibiting ES cell growth.The negative prognostic findings and the limited in vitro therapeutic activity of STI-571 indicate that the putative aberrant signaling provided by c-kit overexpression may be dispensable for ES development and unlikely to constitute a critical therapeutic target. Accordingly, the dose of STI-571 required to give a significant ES growth inhibition is much higher than for those tumors in which mutations of c-kit constitute a relevant pathogenetic event. Nevertheless, in the subset of ES patients showing a high level of c-kit expression, the activity of the drug may be exploited in combination with standard therapy.
SARCOMA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: P. J. Moir, G. F. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1928)

1 (b1) Pidimonary (Chronic l3roniichitis).-TThepatient wa;, Su.Iffering from very severe bronchitis and dilated heart.Shoe could 1iot move in bed witlhouit distress, and was extremely cyanoscl.Slhc was g.vcii op3eni ether as caii anaesthetic, aind did.well.ItESTTLTS. (a) Immcdiate.-Tlhematernial mortality, taking all 295 cases together, is 1.3 per cent., a m--nortality exa(ctly the samne as in Sclhaiuta's series of craniot,cmny oni 76 livinig
The Best Way to Painless Colonoscopy
Authors: J. D. Waye
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

"Colonoscopy hurts" [1] is the opening sentence of an article reporting a study in England in which the forces exhibited during colonoscopy were measured. In contrast to it is the statement, "Many patients undergoing colonoscopy do not experience significant discomfort during the procedure and may not require any premedication," made by a group in Germany [2]. Colonoscopists are taking sides as to whether sedation should or should not be a routine part of the examination.
WEEKEND AND AFTERNOON/EVENING IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFBRILLATOR IMPLANT PROCEDURES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ADVERSE EVENTS AND MORTALITY: INSIGHTS FROM THE NCDR®
Authors: Jonathan Hsu, Paul Varosy, Craig S. Parzynski, Sarwat Chaudhry, Thomas Dewland, Jeptha Curtis, Gregory Marcus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ABC of vascular diseases. Assessment of leg ischaemia.
Authors: A N Nicolaides
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Measurement of systolic ankle pressure with simple inexpensive equipment: pneumatic cuff and pressure gauge (left), and Doppler ultrasound velocimeter (right) to detect dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial signals.Pain on walking is a common complaint usually caused by arthritis or sciatica, but stenosis of the spinal canal and venous insufficiency must also be considered before ischaemia is confirmed.This is easy in most patients, but may be difficult if the ischaemia is mild, or there is coexistent arthritis.Evidence ofperipheral ischaemia such as skin changes, cold feet, and absent pulses will confirm any suspicion of arterial disease that has been raised by the history.Rest pain, especially at night, is diagnostic, and urgent admission to hospital for arteriography should be arranged with the expectation of early operation for revascularisation.In some claudicant patients, however, there may not be such clear cut evidence of ischaemia because there are no skin changes and all the peripheral pulses are present when the patient is examined at rest.Patients can be divided into four main groups:* Those in whom femoral pulses are absent or weak, suggesting the presence of aortoiliac disease * Those with absent foot pulses but normal femoral pulses, suggesting femorodistal disease * Those whose foot and femoral pulses are normal at rest but become weak or disappear on exercise * Those with normal foot and femoral pulses at rest that are not altered by exercise.
Vehicles, processes, and neo-classical revival
Authors: Robert Van Gulick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

O'Brien &amp; Opie unfairly restrict the classicist's range of options for explaining phenomenal consciousness. Alternative approaches that rely upon differences among representation types offer better prospects of success. The authors rely upon two distinctions: one between symbol processing and connectionist models, the other between process and vehicle models. In this context, neither distinction may be as clear as they assume.
LEUKEMIA.THE ULTIMATE FAILURE OF THE ROENTGEN RAYS AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.
Authors: EVERETT J. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

InThe Journal, March 26, 1904, we gave a preliminary report of a case of splenomedullary leukemia symptomatically cured by the Roentgen rays. Since then we have given a more detailed account of the same case,<sup>1</sup>and now as it has come to autopsy we make a final report. Especial attention will be given to the postmortem findings, in the hope that some light may be thrown on the<i>modus operandi</i>and the value of the<i>x</i>-rays in this class of cases. No attempt will be made to review the literature, as this has been done so completely by Dr. George Dock<sup>2</sup>quite recently. We repeat the history of the case, as given in the other reports, together with the later developments: <h3>Patient.</h3> —W. E., male, American, aged 30, a cigar maker, unmarried, was first examined July 1, 1903. His family history is negative, except that one sister has had tuberculosis. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient has lived in Decatur all his life; his habits have been good; he does not use alcohol, but he is a moderate smoker. He has had the usual diseases of childhood, with good recovery in all. No history of malaria or syphilis. <h3>Present Trouble.</h3> —The patient came to the office complaining of weakness, pain in the back and a feeling of weight and distress in the left side. Two years ago he had a fall, alighting
The Mechanism of Steroid-Induced Fever
Authors: PHYLLIS T. BODEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two very dissimiliar stimuli to fever production exert their effect by the common pathway of causing activation of a process in leukocytes involving RNA and protein synthesis whereby an endogenous pyrogenic protein or polypeptide is released. The specific characteristics of steroid pyrogens in vivo, such as delayed responsiveness and unique sensitivity of human cells, are reproduced in vitro as are the chemical requirements for excitatory behavior, for the most part. In view of the fact that a common path of pyrogenic activity is followed by such disparate stimuli as gram-negative lipopolysaccharide, gram-positive cocci, tuberculin, and steroids, it seems likely that all exogenous (and some endogenous) pyrogens exert their effect by a common pathway.
Hospital Charges for Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ashby M. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — I read with interest the Questions and Answers<sup>1</sup>in<i>JAMA</i>and felt compelled to respond to Dr Fitzgibbons' assertion that hospital charges for laparoscopic cholecystectomies are less than charges for open cholecystectomies. As the medical director at Blue Cross/ Blue Shield of South Carolina, I have been interested in the impact that new technology and new procedures have on claims costs. My staff and I have been involved in an ongoing analysis of our claims experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Earlier this year, we compared claims for laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in 1990 with open cholecystectomies performed in five South Carolina hospitals. We attempted to include only uncomplicated cases in our study and compared hospital charges, surgeon's fees, fees for the assistant at surgery, and the anesthesia professional charges. The results of our study of 22 of our earliest cases (ie, 11 open and 11 laparoscopic cholecystectomies)
Mouse model of post-infarct ventricular rupture: time course, strain- and gender-dependency, tensile strength, and histopathology
Authors: X GAO, Q XU, H KIRIAZIS, A DART, X DU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Recent studies on mice with surgically induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have documented the frequent occurrence of ventricular rupture, an event not previously reported in other laboratory species. We have examined the natural history, histopathology and myocardial mechanical strength in mice with AMI.AMI was induced by coronary artery occlusion and animals were monitored for fatal events. Gross and histological examinations were undertaken.Rupture occurred in the left ventricular free wall at 2-6 days after AMI. Incidence of rupture in male mice varied among three strains studied (3% for FVB/N, 27% for C57B/6J, and 59% for 129sv, P<0.05) and was lower in female than male mice (23% vs. 59%, P<0.05). Histologically, ruptured hearts had rapid-occurring and severe infarct expansion, multifocal intramural hemorrhage and leucoyte infiltration at the border zone and infarcted zone. In vitro, infarcted left ventricles demonstrated a 50-60% reduction in muscle tensile strength. This reduction preceded the onset of rupture and was related to the time-window of rupture and to infarct size.LV wall rupture in the mouse occurs within a narrow time-window after AMI and is strain- and gender-dependent. Infarct expansion, regional hemorrhage with formation of hematoma and leuocyte accumulation are important pathological changes leading to reduced myocardial tensile strength.
Plaque Rupture and Sudden Death Related to Exertion in Men With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Allen P. Burke, Andrew Farb, Gray T. Malcom, You-hui Liang, John E. Smialek, Renu Virmani
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextExertion has been reported to acutely increase the risk of sudden coronary death, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of plaque rupture in sudden deaths related to exertion compared with sudden deaths not related to exertion.DesignAutopsy survey. Coronary arteries were perfusion fixed and segments with more than 50% luminal narrowing were examined histologically. Ruptured plaques were defined as intraplaque hemorrhage with disruption of the fibrous cap and luminal thrombus. Exertion before death was determined by the investigator of the death.SettingMedical examiner's office.PatientsA total of 141 men with severe coronary artery disease who died suddenly, including 116 whose deaths occurred at rest (mean [SD] age, 51 [11] years) and 25 who died during strenuous activity or emotional stress (age, 49 [9] years).Main Outcome MeasuresThe frequency and morphology of plaque rupture was compared in men dying at rest vs those dying during exertion. Independent association of risk factors (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, cigarette smoking) in addition to acute exertion with plaque rupture were determined.ResultsThe mean (SD) number of vulnerable plaques in the coronary arteries of men in the exertional-death group was 1.6 (1.5) and in the at-rest group was 0.9 (1.2) (P=.03). The culprit plaque in men dying during exertion was plaque rupture in 17 (68%) of 25 vs 27 (23%) of 116 men dying at rest (P&lt;.001). Hemorrhage into the plaque occurred in 18 (72%) of 25 men in the exertional-death group and 47 (41%) of 116 men in the rest group (P=.007). Histological evidence of acute myocardial infarction was present in 0 of 25 in the exertion group and in 15 (13%) of 116 in the rest group. Men dying during exertion had a significantly higher mean (SD) total cholesterol–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (8.2 [3.0]) than those dying at rest (6.2 [ 2.7]; P=.002), and the majority (21/25) were not conditioned. In multivariate analysis, both exertion (P=.002) and total cholesterol–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P=.002) were associated with acute plaque rupture, independent of age and other cardiac risk factors.ConclusionIn men with severe coronary artery disease, sudden death related to exertion was associated with acute plaque rupture.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERITONITIS.
Authors: A. F. HOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In presenting my paper on the surgical treatment of acute peritonitis I have not thought it necessary to review my experimental work, or to report all my cases operated upon. Neither is it possible in a short paper to enter into a discussion of the anatomy, etiology, pathology and the various clinical phases found in this formidable disease, because inflammation of this membrane may have so many different causes and assume such varied clinical aspects that it is difficult to formulate a uniform and satisfactory classification. Suffice it to say that, anatomically and physiologically considered, the peritoneal cavity may be said to be a large lymph-sac, and noted for its capacity of absorption. This capacity is not surprising when we take into consideration that in its parietal and visceral enfoldings, it presents nearly as large a surface as the entire integumentary covering of the body. Idiopathic peritonitis is considered doubtful by most modern pathologists, and it has become an established practice to search for a local cause in all cases of peritonitis. I believe in every instance, micro-organisms from some source or other have gained access to the
Precipitants of Hospitalization in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM): A Statewide Perspective
Authors: Howard A Fishbein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

A statewide insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) registry is used to identify and epidemiologically characterize patients admitted to Rhode Island's hospitals. Physician interviews and record reviews are obtained to ascertain reasons for hospitalization. Poor diabetes control (noncompliance with diet/ medication) and infection accounted for 44–54% of hospital admissions among 691 known diabetic patients; these patients were readmitted more often (65%) compared with new-onset patients (46%) during a 3-yr follow-up of hospitalization patterns. An outpatient diabetic education program was successful in reducing the number of persons hospitalized (P = 0.04) and the number of hospitalizations for participants (P = 0.01) when comparisons of hospital admissions before and after the program were made. Potential cost savings for persons with IDDM over the 4 yr of the study are estimated at $674,400.00.
Alzheimer–associated presenilins 1 and 2 : Neuronal expression in brain and localization to intracellular membranes in mammalian cells
Authors: Dora M. Kovacs, Hillary J. Fausett, Keith J. Page, Tae-Wan Kim, Robert D. Moir, David E. Merriam, Richard D. Hollister, Olivia G. Hallmark, Ronald Mancini, Kevin M. Felsenstein, Bradley T. Hyman, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Wilma Wasco
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Caloric Restriction and Incidence of Breast Cancer
Authors: Karin B. Michels
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Restricting caloric intake is one of the most effective ways to extend lifespan and to reduce spontaneous tumor occurrence in experimental animals, but whether similar associations hold in humans has not been appropriately studied.To determine whether caloric restriction in early life reduces the risk of invasive breast cancer.Retrospective cohort study using data from the Swedish Inpatient Registry, the Swedish Cancer Registry, the Swedish Death Registry, and the Swedish Fertility Registry. Participants were 7303 Swedish women hospitalized for anorexia nervosa prior to age 40 years between 1965 and 1998. Women were excluded (n = 31) if they were diagnosed with cancer prior to their first discharge from hospitalization for anorexia nervosa.Incidence of invasive breast cancer.Compared with the Swedish general population, women hospitalized for anorexia nervosa prior to age 40 years had a 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%-81%) lower incidence of breast cancer; nulliparous women with anorexia nervosa had a 23% (95% CI, 79% higher to 75% lower) lower incidence, and parous women with anorexia nervosa had a 76% (95% CI, 13%-97%) lower incidence.Severe caloric restriction in humans may confer protection from invasive breast cancer. Low caloric intake prior to first birth followed by a subsequent pregnancy appears to be associated with an even more pronounced reduction in risk.
Management of treatment failures in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Edison T. Liu, Charles A. Linker, Marc A. Shuman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract The prognosis and optimal management of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) who fail initial therapy with plasmapheresis or splenectomy are unclear. We report our experience with eight patients with TTP who did not respond to initial therapy. Seven patients achieved complete remission when alternate therapy was started soon after the recognition of initial treatment failure. One patient who received no alternative therapy died of progressive TTP. Our cases combined with those in the literature indicate a 74% salvage rate for patients who fail initial treatment for TTP. The combination of splenectomy, dextran, and steroids appears to be an effective treatment for patients with TTP who fail to respond adequately to plasmapheresis.
Active participation of eosinophils in patch test reactions to inhalant allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: C.A.F.M. BRUYNZEEL-KOOMEN, D.F. WICHEN, C.J.F. SPRY, P. VENGE, P.L.B. BRUYNZEEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Intracutaneous testing and patch tests with house dust mite and grass pollen allergens were performed in patients with atopic dermatitis. Only patients with an immediate type skin reaction to house dust mite or grass pollen allergens showed a positive patch test reaction to these allergens 24-48 h after testing. Occasionally positive patch test reactions at 20 min, 2 h and 6 h were also observed. Patch test reactions were not found in normal controls or atopic patients without atopic dermatitis. Analysis of the cellular infiltrate demonstrated an influx of eosinophils into the dermis, starting from 2-6 h after patch testing. Immunostaining with antibodies against granular constituents of the eosinophils revealed that the infiltrating eosinophils were in an activated state and had lost part of their granular contents. At 24 h eosinophils also appeared in the epidermis. Electron microscopy showed that in the epidermis, some eosinophils were in close contact with Langerhans cells, suggesting a cell-cell interaction. Taken together, these results strongly suggest an active role for eosinophils in patch test reactions to inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis patients.
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Psychoactive Medication Use Among Nonsurgical Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Hannah Wunsch, Christian F. Christiansen, Martin B. Johansen, Morten Olsen, Naeem Ali, Derek C. Angus, Henrik Toft Sørensen
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The relationship between critical illness and psychiatric illness is unclear.To assess psychiatric diagnoses and medication prescriptions before and after critical illness.Population-based cohort study in Denmark of critically ill patients in 2006-2008 with follow-up through 2009, and 2 matched comparison cohorts from hospitalized patients and from the general population.Critical illness defined as intensive care unit admission with mechanical ventilation.Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of psychiatrist-diagnosed psychiatric illnesses and prescriptions for psychoactive medications in the 5 years before critical illness. For patients with no psychiatric history, quarterly cumulative incidence (risk) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for diagnoses and medications in the following year, using Cox regression.Among 24,179 critically ill patients, 6.2% had 1 or more psychiatric diagnoses in the prior 5 years vs 5.4% for hospitalized patients (adjusted PR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22-1.42; P<.001) and 2.4% for the general population (adjusted PR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.41-2.73; P<.001). Five-year preadmission psychoactive prescription rates were similar to hospitalized patients: 48.7% vs 48.8% (adjusted PR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P<.001) but were higher than the general population (33.2%; adjusted PR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.38-1.42; P<.001). Among the 9912 critical illness survivors with no psychiatric history, the absolute risk of new psychiatric diagnoses was low but higher than hospitalized patients: 0.5% vs 0.2% over the first 3 months (adjusted HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.96-5.99; P <.001), and the general population cohort (0.02%; adjusted HR, 21.77; 95% CI, 9.23-51.36; P<.001). Risk of new psychoactive medication prescriptions was also increased in the first 3 months: 12.7% vs 5.0% for the hospital cohort (adjusted HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.19-2.74; P<.001) and 0.7% for the general population (adjusted HR, 21.09; 95% CI, 17.92-24.82; P<.001). These differences had largely resolved by 9 to 12 months after discharge.Prior psychiatric diagnoses are more common in critically ill patients than in hospital and general population cohorts. Among survivors of critical illness, new psychiatric diagnoses and psychoactive medication use is increased in the months after discharge. Our data suggest both a possible role of psychiatric disease in predisposing patients to critical illness and an increased but transient risk of new psychiatric diagnoses and treatment after critical illness.
Needle Aspiration Biopsy Technique in Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ronald A. Castellino
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>Pulmonary aspergillosis due to</i>Aspergillus fumigatus<i>followed cardiac transplantation in a 58-year-old man. Diagnosis was achieved by needle aspiration biopsy of a single cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung. A trial of intravenous amphotericin B therapy was unsuccessful in halting progress of the lesion. Needle aspiration of the lesion was repeated and a small polyethylene catheter was threaded into the cavity and left in place for long-term endocavitary irrigations with amphotericin B and sodium iodide. Endocavitary treatment was associated with clinical improvement and decrease in size of the lesion</i>.