tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Smoking on Deep Vein Thrombosis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. J. Handley, D. Teather
Journal: BMJ (1974)

As part of a study of the factors affecting the risk of deep vein thrombosis after myocardial infarction a surprising and unexplained finding was that non-smokers had a significantly higher incidence of thrombosis than cigarette smokers.
Relation between increase in length of hip axis in older women between 1950s and 1990s and increase in age specific rates of hip fracture
Authors: I R Reid, K Chin, M C Evans, J G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To determine whether length of hip axis in elderly women has increased over the past 40 years and, if so, whether the increase may have contributed to the increase in the age adjusted rate of hip fractures during those years. <b>Design</b> : Retrospective assessment of anteroposterior x ray films of the pelvis. <b>Setting</b> : Radiology department of a rheumatology hospital, New Zealand. <b>Patients</b> : Two cohorts of women aged &gt;60 (mean 70) who were x rayed on the same apparatus in either the 1950s or the 1990s. <b>Main outcome</b> : Length of hip axis (distance from the medical aspect of the pelvis to the lateral aspect of20the femur along the axis of the femoral neck), length of femoral neck (length of hip axis excluding the femoral head and more medial structures), and width of femoral neck (see figure). <b>Results</b> : Both the mean length of the hip axis and the mean length of the femoral neck were significantly greater in the women whose x ray films were taken in the 1990s than in those in the 1950s (124.0 mm (SE 1) v 130.5 (1), P=0.0002; 79.4 (1) v 84.9 (1), P&lt;0.0001, respectively). The width of the femoral neck did not change, and the lengths expressed as ratios to width were greater in the more recent x ray films, indicating that these findings are not due to an unrecognised change in radiographic technique. <b>Conclusions</b> : An increase in the length of the hip axis in elderly women in New Zealand during the past 40 years has occurred which is large enough to account for the increase in the age adjusted rate of hip fractures during those years.
Prevention of Lethal Acute Hepatic Failure by Antimacrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Antibody in Mice Treated With Bacille Calmette–Guerin and Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Seiji Kobayashi, Jun Nishihira, Satoshi Watanabe, Satoru Todo
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

During the past few years, the biological functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been extensively re-evaluated. This has been found to be protein involved in broad-spectrum pathophysiological states as an inflammatory cytokine, pituitary-derived hormone, and glucocorticoid-induced immunomodulator. In this study, we investigated the involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of lethal liver injury. Injecting a small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-primed Jcl:ICR mice caused a lethal hepatic injury mimicking fulminant hepatitis, in which 8 of 11 mice died within 48 hours (27% survival rate). Massive necrosis of parenchymal hepatocytes with marked mononuclear cell infiltration was observed by histological examination. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that most of the infiltrating mononuclear cells were Kupffer cells, macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, T cells. In parallel, serum aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were increased. When an anti-MIF polyclonal antibody (0.3 mg IgG fraction/mouse) was intraperitoneally injected into mice primed with BCG, it protected them from acute hepatic failure (90% survival rate) with concomitant improvement of histological features. Injection of the antibody also suppressed the up-regulation of TNF-alpha and T-cell infiltration induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggested that treatment with the anti-MIF antibody suppresses the endotoxin-induced fatal hepatic failure by regulating production of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell infiltration.
Philip Fairbrother Barwood
Authors: Giles Barwood
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Abingdon, Oxon (b Norwich 1912; q St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1938), died from a stroke and Alzheimer's disease on 16 January 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Philip joined the Royal Air Force in 1939, and during the Battle of Britain he was at Newmarket, where the racecourse was used as a runway, and also at Mildenhall. Later he was posted to the Middle East and was in the invasion of Sicily and Italy. At RAF Wroughton he was found to have a lung patch. While convalescing he met his wife, Phyllis, a nurse. Philip then acquired a practice in Abingdon, which he took on single handed and built up to three partners. Predeceased by his wife Phyllis and one son, he leaves five children; 11 grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.
Overproduced interleukin 6 decreases blood lipid levels via upregulation of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor
Authors: M. Hashizume, H. Yoshida, N. Koike, M. Suzuki, M. Mihara
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Interleukin 6 (IL6) blockade raises blood lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.To examine the influence of IL6 on lipid metabolism.Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were cultured in the presence of IL6, soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6R), IL6+sIL6R or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) for 24 h. After culture, the expression of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (LRP-1) were measured by real-time PCR. Human IL6 was injected into mice twice a day for 2 weeks and then VLDLR expression in several tissues and the change of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were investigated. Finally, the effect of anti-IL6 receptor (IL6R) antibody injection on blood lipid levels was examined.IL6+sIL6R significantly induced expression of VLDLR mRNA in VSMC (8.6-fold, p<0.05), but IL6 or sIL6R alone and TNFalpha did not do so. None of these cytokines induced LDLR and LRP-1 mRNA expression. IL6 injection into mice increased the expression of VLDLR in heart, adipose tissue and liver and decreased TC and TG levels. The injection of anti-IL6R antibody normalised the reduced levels of TC and TG caused by IL6 injection, whereas it had no influence on the levels of TC and TG in normal mice.Overproduced IL6 decreased blood lipid levels by increasing VLDLR expression in several tissues. It is concluded that IL6 blockade normalises reduced lipid levels caused by IL6, but does not affect normal lipid metabolism.
Transduction Efficiencies of Novel AAV Vectors in Mouse Airway Epithelium In Vivo and Human Ciliated Airway Epithelium In Vitro
Authors: Maria P Limberis, Luk H Vandenberghe, Liqun Zhang, Raymond J Pickles, James M Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

We have characterized the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1–9 in addition to nineteen novel vectors isolated from various tissues, to transduce mouse and human ciliated airway epithelium (HAE). Vectors expressing α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and β-galactosidase were co-instilled into the mouse lung. Of all the vectors tested rh.64R1, AAV5 and AAV6 were the most efficient. The high transduction observed in mouse was reproduced in HAE cell cultures for both rh.64R1 and AAV6 but not for AAV5. Since AAV6 was the most efficient vector in mouse and HAE we also tested the transduction efficiencies of the AAV6 singleton vectors (i.e., AAV6 variants with targeted mutations) in these models. Of these, AAV6.2 transduced mouse airway epithelium and HAE with greater efficiency than all other AAV vectors tested. We demonstrated that AAV6.2 exhibits improved transduction efficiency compared to previously reported AAVs in mouse airways and in culture models of human airway epithelium and that this vector requires further development for preclinical and clinical testing. We have characterized the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1–9 in addition to nineteen novel vectors isolated from various tissues, to transduce mouse and human ciliated airway epithelium (HAE). Vectors expressing α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and β-galactosidase were co-instilled into the mouse lung. Of all the vectors tested rh.64R1, AAV5 and AAV6 were the most efficient. The high transduction observed in mouse was reproduced in HAE cell cultures for both rh.64R1 and AAV6 but not for AAV5. Since AAV6 was the most efficient vector in mouse and HAE we also tested the transduction efficiencies of the AAV6 singleton vectors (i.e., AAV6 variants with targeted mutations) in these models. Of these, AAV6.2 transduced mouse airway epithelium and HAE with greater efficiency than all other AAV vectors tested. We demonstrated that AAV6.2 exhibits improved transduction efficiency compared to previously reported AAVs in mouse airways and in culture models of human airway epithelium and that this vector requires further development for preclinical and clinical testing.
Real-Time Detection of<i>Helicobacter Pylori</i>Infection and Atrophic Gastritis: Comparison between Conventional Methods and a Novel Device for Gastric Juice Analysis During Endoscopy
Authors: A. Tucci, P. Tucci, M. Bisceglia, A. Marchegiani, G. Papadopoli, P. Fusaroli, A. Spada, M. O. Pistoletto, M. O. Pistoletto, M. Cristino, L. Poli, A. Villani, M. Bucci, M. Marinelli, G. Caletti
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Gastric juice may represent a valuable source of clinicopathological information if properly analyzed. We evaluated the reliability and clinical validity of data obtained using an innovative device (the "Mt 21-42") that analyzes gastric juice, thus allowing the identification of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis of the oxyntic mucosa during endoscopy.Validation studies were carried out to evaluate the measuring performance of the device. In addition, the H. pylori status and the presence of atrophic gastritis were assessed in 150 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In all these patients the Mt 21-42 device was used to assist endoscopy. Conventional tests (involving histology, urease testing, urea breath testing, anti- H. pylori IgG, serum gastrin, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor and parietal cells autoantibodies, vitamin B12, and folate) were also performed for comparison with the Mt 21-42 results.The measuring performance of the Mt 21-42 was good; for pH, the relative percent error and the coefficient of variation were 1.9 % +/- 4.2 and 1.3 %, respectively, and for ammonium they were 0.1 % +/- 0.2 % and 2.1 %. For the detection of H. pylori infection, the sensitivity and specificity of the device (96.7 % and 94.3 %) were similar to those of the urea breath test (90.5 % and 93.3 %) and serology (87.1 % and 88.8 %), and higher than those of the urease test (78.6 % and 98.7 %; P < 0.01) and routine histology (94.3 % and 76.3 %; P < 0.05). When compared with the currently available standard methods, use of the Mt 21-42 was found to be the most sensitive technique for the detection of atrophy (94.7 % vs. 5.3 % - 47.4 %; P < 0.001); the device failed to detect the disease in only one case (5 %), whereas failure rates of 53 % - 95 % were reported with the conventional methods.Atrophic gastritis of the oxyntic mucosa is a risky condition that often goes undetected in current clinical practice. The Mt 21-42 is an effective, useful, and desirable tool that may help to overcome this diagnostic limitation; it produces time and cost savings and also allows the detection of H. pylori infection.
Estrogen-Regulated Genes Predict Survival in Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Daniel S. Oh, Melissa A. Troester, Jerry Usary, Zhiyuan Hu, Xiaping He, Cheng Fan, Junyuan Wu, Lisa A. Carey, Charles M. Perou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The prognosis of a patient with estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) -positive breast cancer can be highly variable. Therefore, we developed a gene expression-based outcome predictor for ER+ and/or PR+ (ie, luminal) breast cancer patients using biologic differences among these tumors.The ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was treated with 17beta-estradiol to identify estrogen-regulated genes. These genes were used to develop an outcome predictor on a training set of 65 luminal epithelial primary breast carcinomas. The outcome predictor was then validated on three independent published data sets. Results The estrogen-induced gene set identified in MCF-7 cells was used to hierarchically cluster a 65 tumor training set into two groups, which showed significant differences in survival (P = .0004). Supervised analyses identified 822 genes that optimally defined these two groups, with the poor-prognosis group IIE showing high expression of cell proliferation and antiapoptosis genes. The good prognosis group IE showed high expression of estrogen- and GATA3-regulated genes. Mean expression profiles (ie, centroids) created for each group were applied to ER+ and/or PR+ tumors from three published data sets. For all data sets, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed significant differences in relapse-free and overall survival between group IE and IIE tumors. Multivariate Cox analysis of the largest test data set showed that this predictor added significant prognostic information independent of standard clinical predictors and other gene expression-based predictors.This study provides new biologic information concerning differences within hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and a means of predicting long-term outcomes in tamoxifen-treated patients.
Medicines committee felt unable to recommend use of pentosan polyphosphate in vCJD
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Pentosan polysulphate, the drug used for the last eight months to treat a UK teenager with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), was reviewed by the Committee on the Safety of Medicines last year.

In its review (October 2002), the Committee felt unable to recommend its use in vCJD because of the absence of in vitro or in vivo data relevant to vCJD and the lack of information on the basic pharmacology of the drug, including its mode …
Snow and Water
Authors: Carrie A. Butt
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scaling Exponent Predicts Defibrillation Success for Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Clifton W. Callaway, Lawrence D. Sherman, Vincent N. Mosesso, Thomas J. Dietrich, Eric Holt, M. Christopher Clarkson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Defibrillator shocks often fail to terminate ventricular fibrillation (VF) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA), and repeated failed shocks can worsen the subsequent response to therapy. Because the VF waveform changes with increasing duration of VF, it is possible that ECG analyses could estimate the preshock likelihood of defibrillation success. This study examined whether an amplitude-independent measure of preshock VF waveform morphology predicts outcome after defibrillation. Methods and Results —Clinical data and ECG recordings from an automated external defibrillator were obtained for 75 subjects with OOHCA in a suburban community with police first responders and a paramedic-based emergency medical system. An estimate of the fractal self-similarity dimension, the scaling exponent, was calculated off-line for the VF waveform preceding shocks. Success of the first shock was determined from the recordings. Return of pulses and survival were determined by chart review. The first shock resulted in an organized rhythm in 43% of cases, and 17% of cases survived to hospital discharge. A lower mean value of the scaling exponent was observed for cases in which the first defibrillation resulted in an organized rhythm ( P =0.004), for cases with return of pulses ( P =0.049), and for cases surviving to hospital discharge ( P &lt;0.001). Receiver operator curves revealed the utility of the scaling exponent for predicting the probability of restoring an organized rhythm (area under the curve=0.70) and of survival (area under the curve=0.84). Conclusions —The VF waveform in OOHCA can be quantified with the scaling exponent, which predicts the probability of first-shock defibrillation and survival to hospital discharge.
Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis: Results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial to evaluate single versus multiple daily doses
Authors: Hubert J.F. Van Hoogstraten, Frank H.J. Wolfhagen, Paul C. van de Meeberg, Hillechien Kuiper, Gerard A.J.J. Nix, Marco C.J.M. Becx, Aad C. Hoek, Dennis P.F. van Houte, Marco C.M. Rijk, Jan M.J.I. Salemans, Joost Scherpenisse, Max Schrijver, Adelbert M. Smit, Pieter Spoelstra, Paul H.G.M. Stadhouders, T.Gie Tan, Wim C.J. Hop, Fiebo J.W. ten Kate, Gerard P. vanBerge-Henegouwen, Solko W. Schalm, Henk R. van Buuren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Supreme Court orders Wyeth to pay $6.7m in damages to guitarist who lost hand
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Supreme Court has ruled that the drug company Wyeth was liable for $6.7m (£4.7m; €5.3m) in damages in a lawsuit brought by Diana Levine, a guitarist from Vermont. Ms Levine’s right forearm was amputated because of gangrene caused by an injection of Wyeth’s drug promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan). She said that the drug’s label did not sufficiently warn of its risks.

Wyeth had argued that because the drug’s labelling had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration it was protected from lawsuits brought in state courts, as Ms Levine’s was. Federal law is usually considered to pre-empt state law.

Justice John Paul Stevens, who wrote the court’s opinion, said that drug makers, not the FDA, are primarily responsible for their drug labelling.

The Supreme Court’s ruling, on 4 March in a 6-3 decision, means …
Genetically modified mice: tools to decode the functions of connexins in the heart—new models for cardiovascular research
Authors: D Gros
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

It has long been known that gap junctions are required for the propagation of electrical impulse in the heart. A good deal later, the connexins (Cxs), which are probably exclusive components of the junctional channels that constitute the gap junctions, were identified. More recently, the in vivo functions of cardiac Cxs have been investigated by the analysis of genetically modified mice. These studies have confirmed that Cxs are involved in cardiac impulse conduction, and, unexpectedly, in heart morphogenesis. In addition, cardiac abnormalities described in mice genetically modified for Cx genes, and those observed in certain human cardiac diseases, have been proven to be similar.
Ischemic Rhabdomyolysis and Creatine Phosphokinase Isoenzymes
Authors: Stephen M. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ISOENZYME fraction 2 (MB-fraction) of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is being used as a marker of myocardial necrosis.<sup>1</sup>Recently, however, workers have identified this isoenzyme in patients with various muscular dystrophies; polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and viral myositis.<sup>2</sup>We report a case in which high levels of serum CPK<sub>2</sub>isoenzyme were found following ischemic necrosis of an extremity.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man, subject to seizures, was brought to the emergency room after a generalized seizure at the dinner table. He had had multiple admissions for Pickwickian syndrome with carbon dioxide retention, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure. Fifteen years earlier, a left internal carotid aneurysm had been successfully ligated. In the emergency room, the patient had a respiratory arrest but was immediately resuscitated. The ECG at this time showed a supraventricular tachycardia; changes suggestive of myocardial infarction were not present. The patient was admitted
Portal pressure lowering effects of aldosterone antagonism in postviral preascitic child a cirrhosis with small oesophageal varices is not matched with sympathoinhibition
Authors: M. Pozzi, G. Grassi, L. Ratti, G. Favini, E. Redaelli, F. Quarti Trevano, A. Facchini, A. Redaelli, G. Poli, S. Foresti, G. Mancia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Delirium with Sepsis
Authors: Charles E. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 June 1991Delirium with SepsisCharles E. Schwartz, MDCharles E. Schwartz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-992 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In his recent editorial, Bone (1) makes the long overdue suggestion that the terminology related to blood-borne infection be clarified and standardized. I have often bristled at the indiscriminate use by both students and fully trained physicians of the word "septic" to describe patients with transient asymptomatic bacteremia as well as seriously ill septic patients, and I want to applaud Dr. Bone for clarifying such matters.I was, however, struck to see no mention whatsoever of delirium (that is, acute central nervous system failure) in his delineation of indicators of the more serious end of the spectrum...References1. Bone R. Sepsis, the sepsis syndrome, multi-organ failure: a plea for comparable definitions. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:332-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lipowski Z. Delirium (acute confusional states). JAMA. 1987;258: 1789-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. McEvoy J. Organic brain syndromes. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:212-20. LinkGoogle Scholar4. FrancisMartinKapoor JDW. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA. 1990;263:1097-101. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FolsteinFolsteinMcHugh MSP. Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for clinicians. J Psychiatric Res. 1975;12:189-98. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles E. Schwartz, MDAffiliations: North Central Bronx Hospital/Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcute Delirium Associated with Combined Diphenhydramine and Linezolid Use 1 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 11Page: 992-993KeywordsBacteremiaBoneCentral nervous systemDeliriumSepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...