tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipoxin A<sub>4</sub> generation is decreased in aspirin‐sensitive patients in lysine‐aspirin nasal challenge <i>in vivo</i> model
Authors: M. Kupczyk, A. Antczak, I. Kuprys‐Lipinska, P. Kuna
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Lipoxins represent a group of lipoxygenase derived eicosanoids which, in contrast to leukotrienes, are potent anti-inflammatory mediators. The aim of our study was to determine lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) and leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) levels in nasal lavages after intranasal challenge with aspirin in aspirin intolerant (AIA) in comparison to aspirin tolerant (ATA) asthmatics and after allergen challenge in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.Twelve AIA, 8 ATA and 20 allergic patients were challenged with placebo, 16 mg of lysine-aspirin (Lys-ASA) or allergen (grasses). Nasal lavages were collected and eicosanoids' levels were determined using ELISA.Clinically positive Lys-ASA challenge in AIA resulted in influx of leukocytes (eosinophils and basophils) to nasal secretions and increase of LTC(4) to 106.82 pg/ml (P < 0.05 vs baseline (26.58 pg/ml)) on first hour after the challenge. We did not observe any differences in LTC(4) level before and after ASA challenge in ATA. In AIA group the mean level of LXA(4) was 43 +/- 21.5 pg/ml after placebo and decreased in 2 h after Lys-ASA challenge (29 +/- 17 pg/ml, P = 0.015). We found an increase in LXA(4) in ATA after ASA provocation as compared to placebo (33 +/- 16 pg/ml vs 52 +/- 31 pg/ml, P = 0.046). In atopic patients baseline level of LXA(4) was 33.49 +/- 16.95 pg/ml with no difference after the clinically positive allergen challenge (36.22 +/- 13.26 pg/ml, P = 0.23).Results of our study confirm that AIA have diminished LXs' biosynthesis capacities in vivo after ASA challenge. Taking into consideration anti-inflammatory properties of lipoxins this phenomenon may be partially responsible for the development of chronic inflammation in AIA patients.
EPISPADIC EXSTROPHY OF THE BLADDER COMPLETE.
Authors: AP MORGAN VANCE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Dr. Rudolph Matas,<sup>1</sup>at the last meeting of the<i>Association</i>, gave such a complete résumé of the subject that it would be simply repetition to now enter into a general discussion of the topic—and in his conclusions favored Maydl's operation, holding that the autoplastic operations could be little more than palliative, and never satisfactory. His paper decided me to report a case and exhibit the patient, showing the result of autoplastic work. I do not know how original the procedure to be described may be, though I have been unable to find a report of such a one. Mr. J. McE., aged 17 years, was referred to me by Dr. J. M. Mathews. on Oct. 26, 1897. He had come to Louisville to obtain a urinal and, if possible, get relief from the miserable condition of complete bladder exstrophy. Fig. 1 shows the condition before operation. He was fairly
A chronically implantable catheter-tip micromanometer (JSI 0400) that can be calibrated after implantation
Authors: F. SMET, J. D'AUBIOUL, W. V. GERVEN, R. XHONNEUX, R. S. RENEMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

This paper describes a catheter-tip micromanometer for chronic left ventricular pressure measurements which can be calibrated in the animal after implantation. The calibration curves are linear, both in vitro and in vivo. Good zero-stability is reached after 1 week of implantation. The duration of function of the device is 3 to 6 months.
Continuity of Outpatient Care in Elderly Men
Authors: Douglas P. Kiel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I have just read the Nov 2, 1984, JAMA article entitled Continuity of Outpatient Medical Care in Elderly Men, by Wasson et al. 1 It was reassuring to hear that provider continuity makes a difference. However, there was one outcome variable that I found hard to explain. How does provider continuity account for a ten-day difference in hospital stay? The authors failed to speculate on this surprising outcome.  In the review of the characteristics of patients during the so-called equilibration period, it was noted that both groups had equal percentages of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and respiratory diseases. Missing from the analysis was a measure of disease severity. Also, the presence of other chronic diseases might affect length of hospital stay. To imply a causal relationship between continuity of care and length of hospital stay, the investigators must ensure equality between the two groups studied.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Based on the Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent Effect Using T <sub>2</sub> -Prepared Steady-State Free-Precession Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: David S. Fieno, Steven M. Shea, Yongzhong Li, Kathleen R. Harris, J. Paul Finn, Debiao Li
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The decision to perform coronary revascularization procedures may hinge on assessment of myocardial perfusion reserve. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI is a potential method to detect the effects of regional variations in myocardial blood flow during vasodilation.We imaged dogs (n=13) on a 1.5-T whole-body MRI scanner using a new T(2)-prepared steady-state free-precession (SSFP) MRI pulse sequence sensitive to BOLD contrast. Images (in-plane resolution approximately 1 mm(2)) of 5 short-axis and 2 long-axis slices of the heart were acquired during graded levels of adenosine infusion via a surgically placed left circumflex (LCx) catheter (n=11) or via a right atrial catheter in animals with an LCx occluder (n=2). Relative myocardial perfusion was measured with the use of fluorescent microspheres. Signal intensity changes in myocardium subtended by the left anterior descending coronary artery were compared with those in the LCx region. Unprocessed T(2)-weighted images revealed changes in signal intensity corresponding to areas of regional vasodilation or reduced myocardial perfusion reserve during systemic vasodilation. At maximal vasodilation, the signal intensity ratio in the LCx versus left anterior descending territories increased by 33+/-4% compared with baseline, corresponding to a 3.8+/-0.3-fold increase in relative perfusion (P<0.01). MR intensity at progressive levels of vasodilation demonstrated good agreement with microsphere flow (R=0.80, P<0.01).T(2)-prepared SSFP BOLD imaging is a promising method to determine an index of myocardial perfusion reserve in this animal model.
Clozapine in the management of schizophrenia. Risperidone is less toxic but equally effective.
Authors: D B Menkes
Journal: BMJ (1993)

benefit from clozapine.So what has got into the therapeutic experts of the Committee on Safety of Medicines?Surely the first principle of therapeutics is that those likely to benefit the most should be those who take the largest risk.As things stand now in Britian, clozapine is often reserved for the worst cases of chronic vegetative schizophrenia, with relatively little chance of success.Why should these unfortunate patients, who are less likely to respond, also shoulder the risk of agranulocytosis, while those most likely to respond are denied the drug and left to endure the severe extrapyramidal side effects of the partially effective classic anti- psychotic drugs?Schizophrenia is a devastating and destructive medical condition whose sufferers are third class citizens and third class patients.Clozapine gives them the best chance of recovery to date.The Clozaril monitoring system is working superbly.Clozapine should be available to all patients.We then predict that a cost-benefit analysis would show dramatic improvements.
Cancer of the Urogenital Tract: Wilms' Tumor and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Cancer is commonly thought of as a disease of an aging adult population. Therefore, it is surprising to learn that in children cancer is second only to trauma as a leading cause of death.<sup>1</sup>This high incidence results from changing patterns of disease in childhood following the introduction of immunization and antibiotics to control infectious diseases. The peculiar selection of sites by neoplastic processes in the child as compared to the adult is difficult to explain. Epithelial cancers of the adult are not seen in younger age groups; in children, however, embryonal or congenital tumors resulting from vestigial remnants arise in different parts of the anatomy such as kidneys, eyes, adrenals, testes, and ovaries.<sup>2</sup>Not only has an increase in the number of malignant neoplasms and in mortality been recorded but, during the past two decades, changes in predilection of different sites have also been noted.<sup>1</sup> Wilms
A THERMOPRECIPITATION REACTION IN TRYPANOSOMA EQUIPERDUM INFECTION IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: Hildrus A. Poindexter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

There is a thermoprecipitinogenic substance in extracts of the spleen of rats, guinea pigs and rabbits infected with T. equiperdum. It does not appear to be within the body of the trypanosome itself. Antibodies to this heat-resistant precipitable substance were found in the serum of infected animals. The antibody strength seems to be relatively less in the serum of rats than in the other animals but the power of extracts from the spleen of infected rats appeared to be equivalent to the power of similar extracts of the other animals. The antibody titer of the serum of rabbits was greater than in the case of the other two species investigated. This was shown not only by the reaction with the extracts of spleens of the same species, but also by the reaction with extracts of the spleens of similarly infected animals of other species.
Note on Haemosozic Sera
Authors: M. A. Ruffer, M. Crendiropoulo
Journal: BMJ (1904)

THAEMOSOZIC SRA.H appeared to come from the middle meatus, and by means of the probe bare bone could -be detected in the region of the anterior ethmoidal cells.This may possibly require further treatment; but the notable feature' was the disappearance of the gastric symptoms and the general improvement alongside the diminution of the nasal discharge.In considering the general results of excessive or purulent discharge from the nose, we cannot, of course, leave out of count the nervous or mental element.It can easily be under- stood that in people of neurotic temperament, the sensation of secretion passing over the pharyngeal wall and the constant hawking to rid themselves of it may give rise to effects on the general health.Add to this the troublesome pharyngitis and laryngitis which is so frequently got as a result of nasal affec- tions, with, in many cases, a certain degree of dysphagia, and we have a local condition which is calculated to set up a state of mind favouring abnormal instrospection, giving rise to de- pression of spirits, loss of appetite, insomnia, and the general ill-health caused thereby.It would appear, therefore, advisable in cases of chronic ill-health, associated or not with gastric derangement, to include among the possible causes certain affections of the nose and naso-pharyux, and especially those giving rise to a discharge of a muco-purulent or purulent character.The patient himself may make no complaint of this-indeed, he may be unaware of the existence of anything wrong with his nose, and the condition may only be revealed by careful rhitoscopic examination.As I have already stated, it is pro- bable it will be found in most cases that the nasal affec-
Abstract 4898: Methylseleninic acid potentiates multiple types of cancer cells to ABT-737-induced apoptosis involving Mcl-1, AKT-Bad, and mitochondrial cascade
Authors: Shutao Yin, Yinhui Dong, Jinghua Li, Junxuan Lü, Hongbo Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract ABT-737, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of select Bcl-2 family survival proteins, holds excellent promise to complement current cytotoxic therapies for cancer, especially B-cell malignancies. However many types of solid cancer cells are resistant to ABT-737. One practical approach to improving its therapeutic efficacy is to combine with agents that can overcome such resistance to restore the sensitivity. In the present study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the cancer chemopreventive selenium compound methylseleninic acid (MSeA), known to suppress the expression of some Bcl-2 family members and AKT survival signaling, could synergistically sensitize cancer cells to ABT-737-induced apoptosis. Our results show that serum achievable levels of MSeA increased apoptosis induction by ABT-737 in several aggressive malignant cell lines: MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, HT-29 human colon cancer cells and DU145 human prostate cancer cells, as evidenced by greater than additive enhancement of annexin V/FITC positive (apoptotic) cells and activation of multiple caspases and PARP cleavage. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that MSeA significantly decreased the basal expression of Mcl-1 and ABT-737-induced Mcl-1 expression. Knocking down of Mcl-1 with RNAi increased ABT-737-induced apoptosis. More importantly, we identified activation of AKT phosphorylation and AKT-mediated inactivation of Bad by ser-136 and ser-112 phosphorylation as a novel mechanism involved in ABT-737 resistance which could be overcome by MSeA. In addition, we found that expression of Bax was required for the efficient execution of synergistic sensitization. These mitochondria-related apoptosis findings, to our knowledge for the first time, provide a strong mechanistic rationale for developing MSeA as a novel sensitizing agent of ABT-737 for cancer chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4898. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4898
Acute Noncardiac Conditions and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Judith H. Lichtman, John A. Spertus, Kimberly J. Reid, Martha J. Radford, John S. Rumsfeld, Norrina B. Allen, Frederick A. Masoudi, William S. Weintraub, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Acute myocardial infarction may be accompanied by acute, severe, concomitant, noncardiac conditions, but their prevalence and prognostic importance is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of acute, severe, noncardiac conditions present at the time of hospital admission with acute myocardial infarction and to assess the association of these conditions with in-hospital mortality.A total of 3907 patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction were prospectively enrolled in 19 US centers between January 2003 and June 2004. Acute noncardiac conditions present at admission with imminent threat to life were identified from medical record review within 24 hours of admission. Using multivariable analyses, we evaluated the relationship between these conditions and in-hospital mortality. We documented a concomitant acute, severe, noncardiac condition in 6.8% (n=267) of the study sample. The most common concomitant conditions were severe pneumonia (potentially requiring intubation; 18.4%), severe gastrointestinal bleeding/anemia (15.7%), stroke (9.7%), and sepsis (9.4%). These patients were less likely to be ideal for or to receive evidence-based therapies at the time of admission. The in-hospital mortality was 21.3% (57 of 267) for patients with concomitant conditions versus 2.7% (100 of 3640) for those without these conditions. The presence of an acute noncardiac condition was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics and disease severity (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.3 to 7.7).Concomitant, acute, noncardiac conditions are common and associated with a marked increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality.
Characterization and localization of endothelin receptor subtypes in the human atrioventricular conducting system and myocardium.
Authors: P Molenaar, G O'Reilly, A Sharkey, R E Kuc, D P Harding, C Plumpton, G A Gresham, A P Davenport
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The characterization and localization of endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin B (ETB) receptors have been determined in tissue sections of the human atrioventricular conducting system, surrounding regions of atrial and ventricular myocardium, and the left ventricular free wall by use of radioligand binding, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. Selective ETA (BQ123) and ETB (BQ3020) compounds in conjunction with [125I]endothelin-1 revealed the presence of ETA and ETB receptors in the left ventricular free wall (BQ123: 57 +/- 5% ETA, 43 +/- 2% ETB, n = 3; BQ3020: 67 +/- 3% ETA, 33 +/- 3% ETB, n = 3). Autoradiography using [125I]endothelin-1 in the absence or presence of BQ3020, BQ123, or endothelin-1 showed ETA and ETB receptors localized to atrial and ventricular myocardium, the atrioventricular conducting system, and endocardial cells. There was a higher proportion of ETB receptors in the atrioventricular node and the penetrating and branching bundles of His than in the surrounding interventricular and interatrial septa (p &lt; 0.0001). There was a lower density of ETB receptors in the interventricular septum compared with the interatrial septum and the atrioventricular conducting system (p = 0.009) and a lower density of ETA receptors in the atrioventricular conducting system compared with interatrial and interventricular septa (p = 0.008). Isolated right atrial myocytes showed a higher proportion of ETA receptors (91 +/- 12%, n = 3). Amplification of left ventricular free wall cDNA by polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA. mRNA for both subtypes was detected in isolated atrial myocytes. In situ hybridization showed ETA and ETB receptor mRNA localization to atrial and ventricular myocardium, the atrioventricular conducting system, and endocardial cells. These studies demonstrate the presence of ETA and ETB receptors in human myocardium and the atrioventricular conducting system.
The Role of Endoscopy in Managing Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Christopher J. Gostout
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue of the Journal, Jensen et al. report their experience with the use of colonoscopy performed on an urgent basis for the diagnosis and treatment of acute hemorrhage from colonic diverticulosis.1 The study has two key messages. The first is that the endoscopic findings that characterize recent hemorrhage, routinely used in the evaluation of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, are also useful in establishing the diagnosis in a subgroup of patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage. This group of findings, referred to as stigmata of recent hemorrhage, includes active bleeding (e.g., arterial spurting), nonbleeding visible vessels, appearing as discrete pigmented . . .
Size Matters in Renal Allograft Survival
Authors: Ron Shapiro
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The clinical importance of nephron mass is a widely recognized determinant of renal fate and function.1 Those who are born with adequate numbers of nephrons get through life with less risk for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Size also matters when it comes to selecting a donor for renal allograft transplantation. In their interesting and provocative article in this issue of JASN, Giral et al.2 describe a new clinical marker of allograft success: The ratio of the weight of the renal allograft before implantation to the recipient weight, or Kw/Rw. Recipients of a kidney with a Kw/Rw of <2.3 g/kg had worse long-term graft survival, worse long-term graft function as measured by the GFR, more proteinuria, more hypertension, and more glomerulosclerosis than recipients of a kidney with a Kw/Rw of >2.3 g/kg. These investigators describe this risk for deterioration in graft function as occurring late, beyond 7 years after transplantation. They based their observations on an analysis of more than 1000 adult patients, virtually all deceased-donor kidney recipients. Not surprising, more female donors and male recipients were associated with lower ratios. The occurrence of acute rejection also had a more detrimental effect in patients with a low Kw/Rw. These observations represent a new and elegant way of quantifying the potentially negative effect of nephron underdosing and make the additional point that this effect takes a longer time to appear after transplantation than we once thought. Most studies of outcomes after kidney transplantation suffer from the problem of insufficient follow-up, and, in fact, the authors' previous publication on this subject showed no impact of Kw/Rw on 3-year outcomes. There are some caveats to consider. Because living donors made up <1% of the case material, it is not clear that these observations hold true in anyone other than recipients of deceased-donor kidneys. Kidneys from very young pediatric donors might also be associated with different outcomes, particularly when transplanted en bloc.3 No data in this article address these issues. One may also speculate whether the current observation would hold true for recipients who were not receiving long-term calcineurin inhibitors. If calcineurin inhibitor–sparing or other avoidance regimens are used in an increasing percentage of patients, it will be interesting to see whether these observations on weight ratios remain relevant. Finally, it will be important to replicate these provocative observations of Giral et al.2 in other large cohorts of patients with sufficiently long follow-up. In the meantime, the authors are to be congratulated for describing a novel measure that may have important implications for long-term outcomes in renal allograft recipients. Disclosures None.
Lessons of the DNA Controversy
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The most erroneous, and trouble-spawning, lesson that could be drawn from the tortuous controversy over recombinant DNA research is that science brought misfortune upon itself by going public with what should have been a matter for in-house settlement.Participants in the controversy have acknowledged this line of thought, though not often is it publicly stated. For example, last year, Norman Zinder, of Rockefeller University, told a Senate hearing: "Some of us are now in the awkward position of having our colleagues ask us, 'What have you done to the future of genetic research?' There are people who say, 'If you . . .
Excitation of Human Auricular Muscle and the Significance of the Intrinsicoid Deflection of the Auricular Electrocardiogram
Authors: HANS H. HECHT, LOWELL A. WOODBURY
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The technic of endocardial electrocardiography has been useful in applying certain basic concepts to the interpretation of an electrocardiogram. One of the earliest intra-auricular records, obtained in 1944, is here analyzed in detail. It led to a reaffirmation of the dipole concept of cardiac excitation. A number of selected auricular electrocardiograms recorded by simultaneous tracings from the chestwall and the esophagus demonstrate the direct clinical usefulness of the theoretic postulates.
Feasibility of Postpartum Insertion of IUCD
Authors: Ronald J. Bolognese
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  In conjunction with the Family Planning Clinic at Pennsylvania Hospital, a pilot study of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was initiated on the ward obstetrical service. The objectives were to evaluate the expulsion rate and safety of a  (Lippes Loop D) inserted during the immediate postpartum period. An additional aim was to provide control of conception for those of our ward patients who failed to return for postpartum examination.  Method:—  Fifty postpartum ward patients were fitted with the loop three to five days after vaginal delivery. The women ranged in age from 17 to 42 years and in parity from one to eight. All were clinically free of infection and had completed a pregnancy of at least 32 weeks' duration. The majority delivered at term. They were followed up for a minimum of three months, at which time further expulsions or complications were considered to be