tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response of genetic hypercalciuric rats to a low calcium diet
Authors: Mark Kim, Nelson E. Sessler, Vrishali Tembe, Murray J. Favus, David A. Bushinsky
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

A fundamental mechanism for hypercalciuria in genetic hypercalciuric rats appears due to a primary increase in intestinal calcium absorption. However previous studies could not exclude additional mechanisms to account for the hypercalciuria. To determine if enhanced bone mineral dissolution either as a primary abnormality or secondary to a defect in renal tubule calcium reabsorption is responsible for a component of the augmented calcium excretion we studied rats continually inbred for hypercalciuria. Nineteenth generation adult female idiopathic hypercalciuric (IH) and non-inbred control (Ctl) rats were fed 13 g/day of a normal calcium diet (0.6% calcium, NCD) for 10 days. Urine calcium excretion over the last seven days was greater in IH (34 +/- 2 mg/7 day) than in Ctl (2.9 +/- 0.3, P < 0.01) rats. Some rats in each group were continued on the same diet while others were fed a low calcium diet (0.02% calcium, LCD) for an additional 10 days; balance measurements were made over the final seven days. With LCD, urine calcium excretion was approximately 8-fold higher in IH compared to Ctl (13 +/- 2 mg/7 day vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1, IH vs. Ctl, respectively, P < 0.01). In IH rats percent calcium absorption was greater (59 +/- 3% vs. 45 +/- 3, IH vs. Ctl, P < 0.01), however calcium retention was negative (-1.9 +/- 2.0 mg/7 day vs. 6.5 +/- 0.5, IH vs. Ctl, P < 0.01) compared to Ctl rats. The fall in urine calcium excretion when IH rats are fed LCD indicates that enhanced intestinal calcium absorption is a primary mechanism of the hypercalciuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Decreased peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in induced sputum in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: H Kanazawa
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> The production of peroxynitrite, an extremely potent oxidant, is increased in inflammatory lung disease. It is therefore important to measure antioxidant activity against peroxynitrite in epithelial lining fluid to examine the physiological effects of peroxynitrite in the airways of patients with asthma. This study was designed to determine whether peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in induced sputum is correlated with clinical characteristics and airway inflammatory indices in asthmatic patients. <b>Methods:</b> Inflammatory indices were measured in induced sputum from 25 patients with asthma and 12 normal control subjects. Peroxynitrite inhibitory activity was also measured by monitoring rhodamine formation in sputum samples. <b>Results:</b> Peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in induced sputum was significantly lower in asthmatic patients (52.4 (24.5)%) than in normal control subjects (92.1 (3.9)%, p&lt;0.0001). Its activity was significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) % predicted (<i>r</i>=0.774, p&lt;0.0001) and bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine (<i>r</i>=0.464, p=0.023). There was a significant negative correlation between peroxynitrite inhibitory activity and the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation (% eosinophils, <i>r</i>=–0.758, p&lt;0.0001; eosinophil cationic protein, <i>r</i>=–0.780, p&lt;0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Decreased peroxynitrite inhibitory activity occurs in induced sputum of asthmatic patients. Since even in patients with stable asthma the airway lining fluid lacks peroxynitrite inhibitory activity, large amounts of peroxynitrite, which are further increased during an acute asthma attack, would not be completely inactivated and asthmatic airways might have markedly increased susceptibility to peroxynitrite induced airway injury.
754 IMPACT OF RIBAVIRIN ON SUBGENOMIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS RNA DECAY DURING TREATMENT WITH INTERFERON ALFA AND THE PROTEASE INHIBITOR TELAPREVIR
Authors: W.P. Hofmann, C. Osbahr, T.L. Chung, S. Susser, U. Karey, U. Mihm, C. Welsch, C. Sarrazin, S. Zeuzem, E. Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
BIRTHS ATTENDED BY MIDWIVES IN MINNESOTA
Authors: A. J. Chesley
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —A misstatement concerning the number of births reported by midwives in  occurs in Dr. S. Josephine Baker's recent book on  Hygiene, Harper and Brothers, 1925, Chapter V, page 120: Minnesota reports that over 75 per cent. of its births are cared for by  According to the records of the Division of Vital Statistics of the  State Board of Health prepared from the original birth certificates, less than 6 per cent, of the births occurring in this state are attended by midwives. During the summer of 1923, a survey of the midwife situation in  was made by the Division of Child Hygiene. A definite increase in the number of births attended by physicians occurred during 1918-1922, over 85 per cent. of the births having medical attendants in 1922. There is also a proportionate decrease in the number of births attended by mid-wives or
ATROPHY OF THE LIVER DUE TO CINCHOPHEN PREPARATIONS
Authors: MEYER A. RABINOWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Except for the report of a case of atophan hepatitis by Worster-Drought1in 1923 and a fatal case of liver atrophy due to Weldona tablets demonstrated by Cabot2in 1925, actual knowledge of the toxic effect of cinchophen preparations on the liver dates from 1926. In a little more than four years, forty-one cases have been reported. Including my two cases previously reported and seven cases presented here, there is a total of fifty cases with twenty-five deaths and twenty autopsies, confirming the diagnosis of toxic hepatitis and liver atrophy as the cause of death.  It is highly probable that many cases have not been reported, and that many more cases of jaundice and liver atrophy would on careful investigation prove to be due to the previous use of the drug in one of its forms. This has been amply demonstrated by my own experience. The association of
Abstract 3179: Functional profiling of multiple signal pathway proteins in breast cancer patients
Authors: Xinjun Liu, Phillip Kim, Richard Kirkland, Tani Lee, Katya Magonova, Limin Liu, Linda Ohrmund, Frederick Lin, Anne Kuller, Glen Leesman, Robert Barham, Belen Ybarrondo, Sharat Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The COllaborative Proximity ImmunoAssay (COPIA) is a multiplexed protein microarray platform that utilizes the formation of a unique immuno-complex requiring co-localization of two detector-antibodies. The detector-antibodies are conjugated with corresponding channeling-enzymes, glucose oxidase (GO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Once target proteins are bound by the capture antibodies, the channeling events between GO and HRP in proximity enables the profiling of the target proteins with extreme sensitivity. COPIA delivers extremely high analytical specificity as it requires multiple entities within target specific proximity for the signal generation/amplification. COPIA can also be configured for each specific target protein to allow differential detection of truncated targets (i.e., p95HER2) from their normal counter parts (i.e., full length-HER2). We applied COPIA to investigate the levels of expression and activation of HER1, HER2, p95HER2, HER3, IGF1-R, c-MET, PI3K, Shc, VEGFR, panCK, and other targets in signal transduction pathways. Here, we report the functional pathway signatures for multiple proteins in 250 frozen tissues obtained from BCA patients with various primary histology and from 50 fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples collected from metastatic sites (mFNA) in advanced BCA patients with various ER/PR/HER2 status. There was a high concordance between primary HER2-IHC status and COPIA-HER2 expression analysis. Significant levels of p95HER2 were observed in over 40% of HER2-positive (HER2: 3+ and 2+ with FISH+) patients, and low but detectable levels in some sample tissues with IHC-HER2 negative (2+ with FISH - / 1+ /0) were also observed. Over 50% of p95HER2-expressors had activated p95HER2, and over 25% of HER2-positive samples also had HER1, HER3, IGF1-R and other RTKs and transduction protein expression and/or activation. As the disease profile often shifts in recurrent breast cancer, our unique assay format can be utilized to provide valuable clinical information on limited samples obtained from evolving disease to help oncologists adjust their disease treatment options for each patient according to their ‘personal’ cancer profile-shift. Having the ability to profile tumors at different metastatic sites with an expanded pathway panel could provide information on their differential metastatic potentials; hence minimally invasive single-passage-mFNA samples may be utilized to tailor therapy options accordingly. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3179.
OT-07 * PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MELANOCYTIC LESIONS IN CHILDHOOD: EXPERIENCE AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PEDIATRICS IN MEXICO
Authors: Y. Osorio-Alamillo, M. Zapata-Tarres, A. Niembro, R. Rodriguez-Jurado, P. P. -Garcia, M. Rojas, R. Jimenez-Guerra, L. Munive, P. Herrera
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanocytic tumors are extremely uncommon in children. Annual incidence is 1 per 10 million population and carry a poor prognosis. Herein we present two cases treated at our institution, a leading pediatric oncology center in Mexico. METHODS: Our first patient was a 1 year-old female who began with non-convulsive status epilepticus and no fever history. Right frontoparietal leptomeningeal enhancement was evident on MRI, and a primary leptomeningeal melanoma was diagnosed according to biopsy. Radiotherapy did not improved her condition and further neurologic deterioration ensued. The second patient was a 6 year old male with a history of headache and vomiting, and left sided hemiparesis was evident at admission. MRI showed an ill-defined right temporal lobe lesion with mass effect and leptomeningeal involment. Immature cells were isolated on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a primary malignant melanocytic lesion was diagnosed on brain biopsy. Later he developed refractory status epilepticus and died of septic shock. DISCUSSION: Although melanocytes are normally present in the nervous system, primary melanocytic tumors are extremely uncommon, being less than 0.1% of all CNS tumors in children. Three mayor variants are distinguished: diffuse melanocytosis, meningeal melanocytoma and malignant melanoma. Complete surgical resection is not always possible, while the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain controversial. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows that these lesions are extremely rare in our population and cannot be safely resected. Diagnosis is made by biopsy exclusively and neurologic deterioration eventually occurs despite radiotherapy.
The Usefulness and Limitations of Combined Tc-99m Pertechnetate and Ga-67 Citrate Imaging of Salivary Gland Disorders
Authors: ALI SYED ARBAB, KIYOSHI KOIZUMI, GUIO UCHIYAMA, TAKAO ARAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The usefulness of combined Tc-99m and Ga-67 scans in diagnosing salivary gland disorders was evaluated in a total of 31 patients. Out of 6 patients with Warthin's tumor, 4 showed a typical pattern of high-activity in the gland with retention of Tc-99m, but without an affinity for Ga-67. Out of 9 patients with pleomorphic adenoma, 8 showed a "cold" area in the tumor by Tc-99m and 5 of the 9 patients had accumulated Ga-67. Five of 6 patients with malignant tumor showed an affinity for Ga-67. Nine of 10 patients with sialadenitis showed diffuse uptake of both Tc-99m and Ga-67 in the involved gland. Combined Tc-99m and Ga-67 imaging was useful in detecting the cases of Warthin's tumor and sialadenitis (90% sensitivity and 89% specificity for sialadenitis), but the study had limitations in differentiating malignant tumors from benign tumors (66% sensitivity and 84% specificity). However, Ga-67 imaging showed a 91% negative predictive value. A negative scan could almost rule out the possibility of malignant disease of the salivary gland.
Beneficial effect of 1-year etanercept treatment on the lipid profile in responding patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ETRA study
Authors: A Jamnitski, I M Visman, M J L Peters, B A C Dijkmans, A E Voskuyl, M T Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Effective anti-inflammatory treatment with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors may have favourable effects on the lipid profile. Available evidence is derived from short-term studies, and it is not clear whether TNFα inhibitors have a similar effect on the lipid profile in responders and non-responders to the treatment.To investigate the effect of long-term etanercept treatment on the lipid profile in a large sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), stratified for European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response.Between 2004 and 2008, 292 consecutive patients with active RA (DAS28 >3.2) and a new etanercept prescription were included in an observational cohort. Clinical response variables and lipid samples were collected at baseline and after 4 months and 1 year of etanercept treatment. Generalised estimating equation analyses were used to investigate the longitudinal course of lipid levels in relation to clinical response variables.According to the EULAR response criteria, 76% of the patients were good or moderate responders at 4 months, and 85% of the remainder at 1 year. Significant changes in apoA-I (increased by 3.5% (p=0.002) at 4 months and 3.1% (p=0.005) at 1 year) and apoB/apoA-I ratio (decreased by 6.2% (p<0.001) at 4 months and 3.6% (p=0.025) at 1 year) were observed in EULAR responders. No significant differences were observed in EULAR non-responders at all time points.Treatment with etanercept resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in the apoB/apoA-I ratio in patients with good or moderate EULAR response. This may have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular risk in patients with RA.
A Case of Stone in the Bladder Operated upon a Second Time
Authors: C. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1885)

N~d4,t 188er,y] T1YF1B PIXJ>TJ23WS 9fl1 estimateatO4;00G,oao, ieoj21 ,per 'squire mile.ItslengthiitAbout, 500smiles*'and-its breadth 3( l; i (limaticaly; , as rwell as-politically, it may be divided-into three parW:;Burmah propexoecupying the,valley-of theb Irawady, and its branehes the -Kienm indi,Myt rivers; from--the :.British ,boider; 18.50', to 24-1,20' N., at Bhamo,-on China borderj North Burrnah beyond this point, id occupied by the wild Rakyciens or Sisfee.-Thispart, which i0 little knitwn, is hqmmed in on allisides by mountains, and is so extremely unhealthy;that, in my.time, a sentence of banish- ment to Mongoung, a town in this region, in latitude 25°30" N., was looked uppn by the Burmese.official as equivalent to death.Besides the above,: ihere is, in addition, the hilly country td 1s6 south-east, cx- tending from the twentieth to twentyofou'rth pa alldl north,occ'upied by the tributary Shan States./Nort4 -Biari and the Shan States are exceedingly hot anid unhealthy, in the weKt sea,on.Thuring winter, the air is keen, necessitating, even as one approaches thaino, the use of warm clothing, and rendering pleasant at night the grateful influence of the bivouac-fire.The Shan country, situated, as it is, on western slopes of the mouatains, .cannotbe pt-herwioe,.especially in spring and summer, thas exceedingly.feverish and unhealthy.,We will Aow direct attention.more.especially to-Burmaih proper, occupying, the valley of the, Irawady:from Thyart,Myo tol,Bhamo, as it is here,that the capital,M1and&aay',inlatitude 22°, and nearly all,the
Autophagy as an important process in gut homeostasis and Crohn's disease pathogenesis
Authors: R. J Xavier, A. Huett, J. D Rioux
Journal: Gut (2008)

Crohns disease (CD) is a complex polygenic trait whereby multiple genetic and non-genetic risk factors contribute to disease susceptibility. Association testing is a statistical approach commonly used for identifying genetic risk factors for complex/multigenic disease, which typically compares the allele frequency of a selected marker, most often a bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), for differences between patient and control populations. SNPs represent most of the common genetic variation, with an estimated 10 million SNPs found in the human genome.1 Although a powerful statistical approach, until recently the majority of association studies were limited to the examination of a small number of candidate genes, the selection of which will inevitably be biased by the current knowledge of disease pathogenesis. Following some key developments in our understanding of genetic variation within the human genome, as well as technological advances that have enabled affordable genotyping of 300 000–1 000 000 SNPs per study subject (and, therefore, ∼1 billion genotypes or more per genetic study), association testing can now be applied genome wide in order to search for genetic risk factors in an unbiased manner.2–4

In one of the first genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we and our colleagues of the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium tested approximately 300 000 SNPs in 1000 patients with CD and in 1000 healthy individuals, and identified association with variants in the autophagy-related 16-like 1 ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) or ATG16L1 gene.5 The ATG16 gene product is part of a multimeric protein complex that is essential for autophagy, a biological process that mediates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components in lysosomes and vacuoles.6 This recent GWAS specifically identified an associated SNP that encodes a non-synonymous amino acid change—an alanine to threonine substitution in exon 8 (also known as Ala197Thr)—in the human equivalent of the ATG16 gene. In all of the …
PRACTICAL REMARKS ON THE CHARACTER AND TREATMENT OF SERPIGINOUS SYPHILOID AND SYPHILITIC ULCERATION
Authors: W. S. Oke
Journal: BMJ (1855)

stitution, causiDg endless varieties of morbid action, which never have been nor can be axccurtely explained, and which wil yield only to those remedies that are more tao result of obsvation than of scientific induction: indeed, the.morbid actions of the humn body are so varied -a mysterio that they cannot be rduced to uipmsu.
Evidence that the primary binding site of von Willebrand factor that mediates platelet adhesion on subendothelium is not collagen.
Authors: P G de Groot, M Ottenhof-Rovers, J A van Mourik, J J Sixma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have studied the binding of von Willebrand factor to extracellular matrices of endothelial cells and to the vessel wall of human umbilical arteries in relation to its function in supporting platelet adhesion. CLB-RAg 201, an MAb against von Willebrand factor, completely inhibits the binding of von Willebrand factor to collagen type I and type III. CLB-RAg 201 does not inhibit the binding of 125I-von Willebrand factor to extracellular matrices of endothelial cells, to smooth muscle cells, or to the subendothelium. CLB-RAg 201 partly inhibits platelet adhesion to these surfaces, but this directly affects the interaction between von Willebrand factor and platelets and is not due to inhibition of binding of von Willebrand factor to these surfaces. Another MAb, CLB-RAg 38, does not inhibit the binding of von Willebrand factor to collagen. CLB-RAg 38 completely inhibits the binding of von Willebrand factor to extracellular matrices. CLB-RAg 38 inhibits platelet adhesion to cellular matrices completely insofar as it is dependent on plasma von Willebrand factor. CLB-RAg 38 does not inhibit the total binding of von Willebrand factor to subendothelium, as there are too many different binding sites, but it completely inhibits the functional binding sites for von Willebrand factor that support platelet adhesion. The epitopes for CLB-RAg 38 and 201 on the von Willebrand factor molecule are located on different fragments of the molecule. These results indicate that von Willebrand factor binds to subendothelium and matrices of cultured cells by a mechanism that is different from that by which it binds to collagen.
A New Method To Measure Thyroid Uptake with a Gamma Camera Without Routine Use of a Standard Source
Authors: WILLIAM R. ROBESON, JOANMARIE E. ELLWOOD, JOSEPH J. CASTRONUOVO, DONALD MARGOULEFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Purpose This study was designed to validate a reliable gamma camera–based method for measuring thyroid uptake. The method is based on a stable calibration procedure and does not require daily use of a standard source. In addition, the method is designed to overcome deadtime losses inherent in uptake probe measurements with iodine-123. Methods A calibration procedure was designed using I-123 capsules in a neck phantom and tested using two gamma cameras. Patient thyroid uptake measurements made with the proposed gamma camera method were correlated with measurements obtained using the traditional uptake probe technique. Image quality was compared between the low-energy, parallel-hole collimator used in this study and the pinhole collimator usually used for thyroid imaging. Results Capsule count rates measured using the gamma camera are linear with activity, and the calibration procedure is reproducible when tests are performed several months apart. Thyroid uptake measured with the gamma camera correlated closely (R2 > 0.9) with measurements made using the probe technique. Image quality with the low-energy parallel-hole collimator was comparable to that obtained with the pinhole collimator. Conclusions The proposed camera-based method for measuring thyroid uptake is accurate and reproducible. It can be performed readily in conjunction with the routine scan procedure. Adoption of this technique reduces equipment requirements in the nuclear medicine department.
SOME MORE TRICHO CASES
Authors: George Miller MacKee
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A few days ago I saw the following cases of x-ray sequelae caused by treatment at the Tricho Institute: <h3>Miss S. R.</h3> —This victim reported having received x-ray treatment at the Tricho Institute for superfluous hair of the face three years ago. She had twenty treatments, one treatment every second week. Her skin over the treated areas was erythematous several times during the course of treatment. The hair fell out and has not returned. Eighteen months ago telangiectasia began to appear and has been growing steadily worse. Atrophy was noticeable at about the same time and it, too, has been getting worse. One year ago a painful ulcer as large as a silver dollar developed over the left mandible. Cancer was suspected and a portion of the ulcer was removed, but, fortunately, no cancer was detected under the microscope. The ulcer was treated in various ways and