tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Care in Pictures: Simplified Statements with Illustrations Prepared for the Use of the Patient
Authors: J. F. Hammond
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This handy book furnishes the diabetic patient with information which will help him achieve success in his treatment. It has been fully revised and is up to date. Among the chief subjects are the dietary treatment of diabetes, insulin, and the oral hypoglycemic agents. The book contains tables of the number of calories and the amount of grams of servings of carbohydrate, protein, and fat foods. There are brief discussions on testing urine, administering insulin under the supervision of the physician, and on personal hygiene to prevent infections of the skin. Patients are advised to visit the ophthalmologist and dentist regularly. The outstanding feature of this book is the excellence of the many illustrations.
Abstract 2006: The role of neuronal predominant gene expression in breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Deepak P. Kanojia, Purva Sarvaiya, Jian Qiao, Lingjiao Zhang, Irina Balyasnikova, Maciej S. Lesniak
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) occur in about 10-30% of patients with breast cancer. It has been established that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with 3 predominant subtypes (1) ER/PR positive (3) HER2 positive (4) Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)/Basal subtype. TNBC is associated with the highest incidence of metastasis to brain, mechanism of which is poorly understood. Therefore, in order to understand the proclivity of TNBC to the brain and identify potential targets for treatment BCMB, we employed two widely used paired cell model system, the MDA-MB-231/MDA-MB-231BrM2 and the CN-34/CN34BrM2. The levels of brain predominant markers [ST6GALNAC5 (ST6), Nestin, Tubulin β3 (TUBB3)] in brain-derived clones were assesed by qRT-PCR and found to be overexpressed in brain-derived MDA-MB-231BrM2 and CN34BrM2 in comparison with parental breast cancer cell lines. We also identified hyperactivated TGF-β signaling in brain derived clones in comparison with parental cells. Moreover, the treatment of parental cells with TGF-β increased the expression of ST6, Nestin and TUBB3 indicating that TGF-β plays role in the development of BCBM. To further delineate the role of these markers in BCBM, knockdown experiments using two different shRNA specific to TUBB3 (neuronal specific) were performed. TUBB3 knockdown resulted in a dramatic reduction in tumorspheres formation, migration, invasion and the ability to adhere to laminin in both MDA-MB-231BrM2. Furthermore, the downregulation of expression of β1 and β3 integrins in TUBB3 knockdown cells was discovered as assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry. These results implicate that overexpression of brain specific TUBB3 provides breast cancer cells with migration and invasion abilities and a possible survival advantage in the brain microenvironment. Citation Format: Deepak P. Kanojia, Purva Sarvaiya, Jian Qiao, Lingjiao Zhang, Irina Balyasnikova, Maciej S. Lesniak. The role of neuronal predominant gene expression in breast cancer brain metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2006
Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 and ADAM-12 (a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-12) Define a Signaling Axis in Agonist-Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Xiang Wang, Fung Lan Chow, Tatsujiro Oka, Li Hao, Ana Lopez-Campistrous, Sandra Kelly, Stephan Cooper, Jeffrey Odenbach, Barry A. Finegan, Richard Schulz, Zamaneh Kassiri, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Carlos Fernandez-Patron
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Excessive stimulation of Gq protein-coupled receptors by cognate vasoconstrictor agonists induces a variety of cardiovascular processes, including hypertension and hypertrophy. Here, we report that matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM-12) form a novel signaling axis in these processes.In functional studies, we targeted MMP-7 in rodent models of acute, long-term, and spontaneous hypertension by 3 complementary approaches: (1) Pharmacological inhibition of activity, (2) expression knockdown (by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and RNA interference), and (3) gene knockout. We observed that induction of acute hypertension by vasoconstrictors (ie, catecholamines, angiotensin II, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) required the posttranscriptional activation of vascular MMP-7. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, knockdown of MMP-7 (by RNA interference) resulted in attenuation of hypertension and stopped development of cardiac hypertrophy. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies in mouse models of MMP-7 knockdown (by RNA interference) and gene knockout revealed that MMP-7 controlled the transcription of ADAM-12, the major metalloproteinase implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. In mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ADAM-12 and downstream hypertrophy marker genes were overexpressed. Knockdown of MMP-7 attenuated hypertension, inhibited ADAM-12 overexpression, and prevented cardiac hypertrophy.Agonist signaling of both hypertension and hypertrophy depends on posttranscriptional and transcriptional mechanisms that involve MMP-7, which is transcriptionally connected with ADAM-12. Approaches targeting this novel MMP-7/ADAM-12 signaling axis could have generic therapeutic potential in hypertensive disorders caused by multiple or unknown agonists.
Analysis of Treatment Outcomes of Intraventricular Chemotherapy in 105 Patients for Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis from Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ho-Shin Gwak, Jungnam Joo, Sohee Kim, Heon Yoo, Sang Hoon Shin, Ji-Youn Han, Heung Tae Kim, Jin Soo Lee, Seung Hoon Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)

Reports on the treatment result of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) from a single primary cancer are rare and mixed treatment modalities make it even more difficult to interpret the results properly. Here, we report clinical outcomes of an intraventricular chemotherapy for LMC from non-small-cell lung cancer.Medical records of 105 patients were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed to find the prognostic factors of patients' survival and symptom responses, including intracranial pressure (ICP) control.There were 44 men and 61 women, with a median age of 56 years (range, 31-75 years). Patients received a median five rounds of intraventricular chemotherapy (range, 1-49 rounds). The most common presenting symptom was headache (77%) with nausea or vomiting, which showed the highest response rate of 42%. Altered mentality (36%), cranial neuropathy (15%), and cauda equina symptoms (12%) revealed 10% or less of symptom response. Only eight patients (7.6%) showed negative conversion of cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Median overall survival was 3.0 months (range, 0.5-21.5 months). Age (≥ 60 years), poor Karnofsky performance score (< 70), and uncontrolled ICP were found to be unfavorable prognostic factors for patient survival. A greater amount of intraventricular chemotherapy, which was evaluated as time-dependent covariate, and concurrent systemic chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival in the multivariable analysis.Intraventricular chemotherapy for patients with LMC from non-small-cell lung cancer could palliate associated symptoms and prolong patients' survival. Careful selection of patients for intraventricular chemotherapy is recommended with aggressive ICP control and concurrent systemic chemotherapy.
Clinical Examination: A Textbook of Physical Diagnosis
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This is the fifth wholly new American textbook to appear on this subject in the past two years. Clinical examining skills may have become neglected during what Dr. Stern calls the modern "frenzy of advancing laboratory technology," but the recent flurry of literary activity in the field of physical diagnosis certainly indicates a persistent vitality of the clinician's talents. For his book Dr. Stern has created no innovations in format or approach, and says that its "<i>raison d'etre</i>... lies in the selection and presentation rather than in the originality of the material." He has selected his material discerningly, focusing on contemporary procedures and eliminating many of the esoteric relics and archaic dogmas still present in texts first prepared many decades ago. Dr. Stern comments upon the relative frequency and importance of various findings in diseases (rather than merely cataloging their existence), and his physiological explanations of clinical observations maintain a
Effect of changes in renal perfusion pressure on the suppression of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption due to saline loading
Authors: Norman Bank, Karl M. Koch, Hagop S. Aynedjian, Marc Aras
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Rapid intravenous infusion of saline is known to suppress reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal tubule. It has previously been shown that this suppression is accompanied by two changes which in combination might account for the over-all decrease in reabsorption: a reduction in the intrinsic reabsorptive capacity of the tubular epithelium (C/πr2) and a reduction in the ratio between tubular volume and GFR (πr2d/Vo). The present micropuncture experiments were carried out in order to study the possible role of altered peritubular physical forces (hydrostatic and colloid oncotic pressure) in mediating these two changes. Proximal tubular reabsorptive capacity, transit time, fractional reabsorption of sodium and water, πr2d/Vo, and intratubular hydrostatic pressure were measured in saline-loaded rats during acute changes in renal perfusion pressure induced by intermittent constriction of the abdominal aorta.
Voluntary Health Agencies and Government
Authors: Paul M. Ellwood
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The expanding role of government in the health field confronts voluntary health agencies, not with obsolescence, but with new challenges. Only if these agencies lose their verve and flexibility will their future be in jeopardy. Changes in their relationship to government obviously are taking place. In 1946, federal appropriations for health research were under a million dollars. In 1955, at $60 million, they had already surpassed the sums raised by voluntary health agencies. Since then, the funds channeled into research by voluntary agencies have continued to grow slowly. Meanwhile, government money for health research has increased explosively—to $600 million in the fiscal year 1964 for the National Institutes of Health alone and to a fiscal-year 1966 total which is expected to exceed a billion dollars. Voluntary health agencies used to provide much of the medical care and other welfare services for the less fortunate. Today the scope of the government
WHAT A SEIDLITZ POWDER DID; HOW AN ACUTE OBSTRUCTION WAS RELIEVED BY POSTURAL CHANGE
Authors: Ernest H. Gaither
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The case reported here affords a most unusual example of the alarming symptoms that may occasionally follow the taking of a supposedly harmless laxative. The localized pain in the left iliac fossa coming on within twenty minutes indicates that there was a probable torsion of the bowel at this point; and the fact that the distention did not develop until the fourth day seems rather conclusive evidence that the torsion was low down in the bowel. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> On the morning of Saturday, March 29, 1924, a surgeon, aged 55, awoke with a severe frontal headache, for the relief of which he took a seidlitz powder before breakfast. Within twenty-five minutes after taking it, he had a very copious semiformed stool—so copious that he felt as if the entire intestinal tract had been emptied. A few minutes later he was seized with griping abdominal pain, and passed a stool
Orthopaedics: Principles and Their Application
Authors: John D. Hsu
Journal: JAMA (1985)

S. L. Turek's textbook of orthopedics has reflected the growth of orthopedic knowledge during the past 25 years, from the 871-page first edition of 1959 to its present more than 1,750-page fourth edition. The large size and weight could discourage purchase, but one should not be misled by these physical characteristics. The book is moderately priced. The two-volume format is an improvement over the bulky, difficult-to-handle 1,574-page single-volume third edition of 1977. The paragraphs are better separated and highlighted. The text continues to be of high quality, clearly organized, well indexed, and easy to read. There are abundant drawings, reproductions, photographs, photomicrographs, color plates, and pictures of radiographs. These illustrations are of the highest quality and follow the text well. As in all previous editions, the book is organized into four parts. Part 1, 223 pages and eight chapters long, covers the basic sciences of the musculoskeletal system. Part 2
Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine
Authors: Enoch Muyanja, Aloysius Ssemaganda, Pearline Ngauv, Rafael Cubas, Helene Perrin, Divya Srinivasan, Glenda Canderan, Benton Lawson, Jakub Kopycinski, Amanda S. Graham, Dawne K. Rowe, Michaela J. Smith, Sharon Isern, Scott Michael, Guido Silvestri, Thomas H. Vanderford, Erika Castro, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Joel Singer, Jill Gillmour, Noah Kiwanuka, Annet Nanvubya, Claudia Schmidt, Josephine Birungi, Josephine Cox, Elias K. Haddad, Pontiano Kaleebu, Patricia Fast, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Lydie Trautmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Background. Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the patient-specific immune microenvironment to the response to the licensed yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) in an African cohort.
Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis — The End of the Beginning?
Authors: Pamela B. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Over the past four decades, implementation of therapies directed entirely at symptoms have improved the quality of life in patients with cystic fibrosis and have increased the median survival age from 11 years to 37 years. Now, in this issue of the Journal, Ramsey et al.1 provide the first proof that a treatment, ivacaftor, that is directed at the basic defect in G551D-CFTR produces sustained improvement in signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis in patients 12 years of age or older who have at least one G551D allele.This report is the destination of a long journey that began with . . .
The combination of hyper-CVAD plus nelarabine as frontline therapy in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: MD Anderson Cancer Center experience
Authors: P Jain, H Kantarjian, F Ravandi, D Thomas, S O'Brien, T Kadia, J Burger, G Borthakur, N Daver, E Jabbour, M Konopleva, J Cortes, N Pemmaraju, M A Kelly, M Cardenas-Turanzas, R Garris, S Faderl
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Protection by oral pretreatment with taurine against the negative inotropic effects of low-calcium medium on isolated perfused chick heart
Authors: A. SAWAMURA, J. AZUMA, H. HARADA, H. HASEGAWA, K. OGURA, N. SPERELAKIS, S. KISHIMOTO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Protection by oral pretreatment with taurine against the negative inotropic effects of low-calcium medium on isolated perfused chick heart Get access AKIHIKO SAWAMURA, AKIHIKO SAWAMURA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JUNICHI AZUMA, JUNICHI AZUMA * *Address for reprint requests: Dr Junichi Azuma, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Fukushima 1-1-50, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HISATO HARADA, HISATO HARADA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIROSHI HASEGAWA, HIROSHI HASEGAWA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KYOKO OGURA, KYOKO OGURA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NICK SPERELAKIS, NICK SPERELAKIS ††Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SUSUMU KISHIMOTO SUSUMU KISHIMOTO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, October 1983, Pages 620–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.10.620 Published: 01 October 1983
Medicare Admission Criteria for Diabetes Mellitus in Florida
Authors: Brendan C O'Malley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Medicare criteria for admission of patients to hospitals are the responsibility of Peer Review Organizations in each state. In 1986, in Florida, an attempt was made to introduce stricter than previously accepted admission criteria for diabetes mellitus. The new criteria were found to be unacceptable to many physicians and potentially dangerous. This article describes how a group of endocrinologists and diabetologists were able to impact on the Florida Peer Review Organization and change the criteria to allow for more acceptable standards without jeopardizing the review process.
Melanoma Proteoglycan Modifies Gene Expression to Stimulate Tumor Cell Motility, Growth, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Jianbo Yang, Matthew A. Price, Gui Yuan Li, Menashe Bar-Eli, Ravi Salgia, Ramasamy Jagedeeswaran, Jennifer H. Carlson, Soldano Ferrone, Eva A. Turley, James B. McCarthy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) is a plasma membrane-associated proteoglycan that facilitates the growth, motility, and invasion of tumor cells. MCSP expression in melanoma cells enhances integrin function and constitutive activation of Erk1,2. The current studies were performed to determine the mechanism by which MCSP expression promotes tumor growth and motility. The results show that MCSP expression in radial growth phase, vertical growth phase, or metastatic cell lines causes sustained activation of Erk1,2, enhanced growth, and motility which all require the cytoplasmic domain of the MCSP core protein. MCSP expression in a radial growth phase cell line also promotes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition based on changes in cell morphology and the expression of several epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Finally, MCSP enhances the expression of c-Met and hepatocyte growth factor, and inhibiting c-Met expression or activation limits the increased growth and motility of multiple melanoma cell lines. The studies collectively show the importance of MCSP in promoting progression by an epigenetic mechanism and they indicate that MCSP could be targeted to delay or inhibit tumor progression in patients.
PNEUMONOCONIOSIS IN IRON MINERS
Authors: GEORGE B. LAWSON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

On account of lack of employment after the South African War, quite a number of miners from the Transvaal returned to England. Many of these were broken down in health. Their cases were studied by Thomas Oliver,<sup>1</sup>who emphasized the fact that dyspnea was the chief symptom. He noted, too, that most of these men died under 40 and urged that steps be taken to avert the loss of so many lives in the mining industry. His urgent plea was not futile. British medical literature affords striking evidence of the thoroughness with which the situation has been handled. In America the health hazards of metal miners have not received the attention accorded other dangerous trades. According to Lanza<sup>2</sup>the life expectancy of a metal miner, from the time he commences hard rock mining and including one year of disability immediately preceding his death, is but 9.6 years. Lanza
Childhood deafness poses problems in developing countries
Authors: Bolajoko O Olusanya, Linda M Luxon, Sheila L Wirz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Learning from low income countries Experience in low income countries should count towards specialist registrar trainingEditor-Richards and Tumwine ask for discussion on the subject of poor countries making the best teachers. 1When will the postgraduate tutors and royal colleges recognise that medical experience in developing countries should be counted towards specialist registrar training?I recently spoke to a specialist registrar whose 12 months in the main teaching hospital in Malawi counted for nothing towards his training.As a specialist registrar training in chest medicine, he will have seen more tuberculosis than most chest physicians working in provincial England will see in a lifetime.This is particularly frustrating as the numbers of cases of tuberculosis are rising progressively in the United Kingdom, and training in the diagnosis and management of this disease needs to be improved as much as possible.
Medical Professional Liability Claims for Mohs Micrographic Surgery From 1989 to 2011
Authors: Logan S. D’Souza, H. Ray Jalian, Chris Jalian, Murad Alam, Daniel B. Eisen, Mathew M. Avram, Omar A. Ibrahimi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Few studies specifically address lawsuits involving Mohs surgery.To better characterize the types of medical professional liability claims involving Mohs surgery.Retrospective legal document review of an online national database. Any legal proceeding involving the search words Mohs and cancer was included.Number of medical professional liability claims involving Mohs surgery for factors including year of litigation, location, physician specialty, injury sustained, cause of legal action, and verdict.Forty-two cases were identified, which occurred from 1989 to 2011. Of the cases identified, 26 involved non-Mohs surgeons as the primary defendant, mostly due to a delay of or failure in diagnosis (n = 16), cosmetic outcome issues (n = 8), lack of informed consent (n = 7), and a delay of or failure in referral to a Mohs surgeon (n = 6). Common causes for litigation against Mohs surgeons as the primary defendant (n = 16) were lack of proper informed consent (n = 5) and cosmetic outcome issues (n = 4). Only 1 case against a Mohs surgeon was judged for the plaintiff.The most common lawsuits pertaining to Mohs surgery list non-Mohs surgeons as the primary defendants. Closer coordination between non-Mohs surgeons and Mohs surgeons may help minimize risk to both parties and lead to better patient care. Small sample size is the primary limitation, in part owing to exclusion of out-of-court settlements from the database.
Differential Diagnosis Between Psychogenic and Physical Pain
Authors: Leo Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Observations of skin resistance were made on a test group of 20 patients whose chief complaint was pain and on a contratest group of 14 consecutive patients free from pain. The results indicated that in psychogenic pain the spontaneous fluctuations (expressed in ohms per minute) were smaller than the responses to electrical stimulation of a finger (unconditional psychogalvanic reflex) and smaller than the responses to a tone announcing the electrical stimulus (the conditional psychogalvanic reflex). In physical pain, with demonstrated pathological basis, the spontaneous fluctuations were greater than the responses to the electrical stimulus and to the tone announcing the stimulus.