tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the BalanceJeffrey P.Koplan , Catharyn T.Liverman and Vivica I.Kraak Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. . 2005. . National Academies Press. : Washington, DC. . ISBN: ISBN: 0-309-09315-5. . <b>$44.95</b>
Authors: Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)
Corrigendum to ‘Adjusting for clinical covariates improves the ability of B‐type natriuretic peptide to distinguish cardiac from non‐cardiac dyspnoea: a sub‐study of HEARD‐IT’ [<i>Eur J Heart Fail</i> 2009;11:1043–1049]
Authors: R. Kevin Rogers, Josef Stehlik, Gregory J. Stoddard, Thomas Greene, Sean P. Collins, W. Frank Peacock, Alan D. Maisel, Paul Clopton, Andrew D. Michaels
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Clinical Significance of Thrombocytopenia During a Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Matthew W. McClure, Scott D. Berkowitz, Rodney Sparapani, Robert Tuttle, Neal S. Kleiman, Lisa G. Berdan, A. Michael Lincoff, Jaap Deckers, Rafael Diaz, Karl R. Karsch, Daniel Gretler, Michael Kitt, Maarten Simoons, Eric. J. Topol, Robert M. Califf, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The significance of thrombocytopenia in patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been examined systematically. We evaluated this condition in a large non-ST-elevation ACS clinical trial, with particular interest paid to its correlation with clinical outcomes.Patients presenting without persistent ST elevation during an ACS were randomized to receive a double-blind infusion of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor eptifibatide or placebo in addition to other standard therapies including heparin and aspirin. The primary end point was death/nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days, whereas bleeding and stroke were the main safety outcomes. Thrombocytopenia (nadir platelet count <100x10(9)/L or <50% of baseline) occurred in 7.0% of enrolled patients. The time to onset was a median of 4 days in both treatment arms. Patients with thrombocytopenia were older, weighed less, were more likely nonwhite, and had more cardiac risk factors. These patients experienced significantly more bleeding events: they were more than twice as likely to experience moderate/severe bleeding after adjustment for confounders. Univariably, ischemic events (stroke, MI, and death) occurred significantly (P<0.001) more frequently in patients with thrombocytopenia; multivariable regression modeling preserved this association with death/nonfatal MI at 30 days. Neither the use of heparin or eptifibatide was found to independently increase thrombocytopenic risk.Although causality between thrombocytopenia and adverse clinical events could not be established definitively, thrombocytopenia was highly correlated with both bleeding and ischemic events, and the presence of this condition identified a more-at-risk patient population.
Androgens and Sexual Behavior
Authors: WILLIAM M. PARDRIDGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Sexual behavior in humans may be classified according to gender role, gender identity, and gender orientation. Sexually dimorphic behavior in humans is generally felt to be determined by postnatal socialization. Recent work in laboratory animals shows that sexual behavior is a function of circulating steroid hormones, particularly androgens. Testosterone given during a critical period in prenatal or immediate postnatal life causes permanent organizational effects on brain structure and function in laboratory animals. Studies in human patients with testicular feminization, 5-α-reductase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or prenatal steroid hormone exposure, provide clinical examples of possible effects of prenatal hormone action in the brain as opposed to postnatal socialization. However, these studies do not permit a clear assessment of the role played by either prenatal steroid hormones or postnatal socialization factors in the ultimate expression of sexual behavior in humans.
591 INDUCTION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA BY HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 3 (NS3) IN LIVER CELLS IS AP-1 AND NF-kB-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION
Authors: M. Hassan, D. Selimovic, H. Gohzlan, O. Abdelkader
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
NLF-1 Delivers a Sodium Leak Channel to Regulate Neuronal Excitability and Modulate Rhythmic Locomotion
Authors: Lin Xie, Shangbang Gao, Salvador M. Alcaire, Kyota Aoyagi, Ying Wang, Jennifer K. Griffin, Igor Stagljar, Shinya Nagamatsu, Mei Zhen
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Urine and plasma galactitol in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia
Authors: Michael Palmieri, Alice Mazur, Gerard T. Berry, Cong Ning, Suzanne Wehrli, Claire Yager, Robert Reynolds, Rani Singh, Kasinathan Muralidharan, Sharon Langley, Louis Elsas, Stanton Segal
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Locally invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurring in a gardener: an occupational hazard?
Authors: J A Zuk, D King, H D Zakhour, J C Delaney
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Abstract Fatal locally invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurred in a previously fit young patient who had no predisposing factors other than exposure to fungal spores in his occupation as a gardener.
Long-Term Results (≤18 Years) of the Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Without Annuloplasty in Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Michele De Bonis, Elisabetta Lapenna, Francesco Maisano, Fabio Barili, Giovanni La Canna, Nicola Buzzatti, Federico Pappalardo, Mariachiara Calabrese, Teodora Nisi, Ottavio Alfieri
Journal: Circulation (2014)

To assess the long-term results of the edge-to-edge mitral repair performed without annuloplasty in degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR).From 1993 to 2002, 61 patients with degenerative MR were treated with an isolated edge-to-edge suture without any annuloplasty. Annuloplasty was omitted in 36 patients because of heavy annular calcification and in 25 for limited annular dilatation. A double-orifice repair was performed in 53 patients and a commissural edge-to-edge in 8. Hospital mortality was 1.6%. Follow-up was 100% complete (mean length, 9.2±4.21 years; median, 9.7; longest, 18.1). Survival at 12 years was 51.3±7.75%. At the last echocardiographic examination, MR ≥3+ was demonstrated in 33 patients (55%). At 12 years, freedom from reoperation was 57.8±7.21% and freedom from recurrence of MR ≥3+ was 43±7.6%. Residual MR >1+ at hospital discharge was identified as a risk factor for recurrence of MR ≥3+ (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-8.2; P=0.001). In patients with residual MR ≤1+ immediately after surgery, freedom from MR ≥3+ at 5 and 10 years was 80±6% and 64±7.58%, respectively.In degenerative MR, the overall long-term results of the surgical edge-to-edge technique without annuloplasty are not satisfactory. Early optimal competence (residual MR ≤1+) was associated with higher freedom from recurrent severe regurgitation.
An Epidemiologic Study on the Prevalence of Diabetes, Glucose Intolerance, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Adult Population of the Republic of Cyprus
Authors: Theodoros Loizou, Stavros Pouloukas, Charalambos Tountas, Anastasia Thanopoulou, Vasilios Karamanos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The study was conducted in Cyprus (November 2003 through January 2005). Stratified random sampling was used to select 1,200 individuals aged 20–80 years (from a total population of 477,000). In all subjects, anthropometrical measurements were taken, fasting lipids were measured, eating habits were evaluated according to a standardized questionnaire, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed (except in known diabetic patients).

In the absence of OGTT-diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting plasma glucose ≥110 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl, whereas “new” IFG was …
Interface Between Basic Medical Sciences and Their University Roots
Authors: Paul A. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1964)

AN INTERFACE, when viewed at close range, L loses its absolute sharpness, especially in molecular terms. There is transition from one phase to the other, although it is quite steep. To think in terms of absolute discontinuity is no more than a convenient device of the mind which always tries to dissect the continuum of the Universe into parcels and squeeze the pieces into separate, tidy, verbal compartments. We do the same thing whenever we organize human affairs: We break continua up and stuff the fragments into mental pigeonholes. The educational process is just such a continuum. Therefore, the interfaces we are talking about are, in reality, artificial partitions between compartments set up artificially for practical administrative reasons. It is important to keep this fact in mind because precollege, premedical, preclinical, clinical, post-graduate, etc, education are not disjointed pieces, but are—or at least, should be—a steady and continuous progression, like
Lessons from Lithuania: rethinking public health training.
Authors: L Moore, J Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Lithuania faces stark problems that are familiar to most countries in the former Soviet Union: high morbidity and mortality rates, pollution, an unstable economy, and rapid changes in the financing and organisation of health care. In this environment Moore and Dixon visited Kaunas Medical Academy to help identify how training in public health medicine could contribute towards improving the health of the population. Although over 200 hours are devoted to public health training for medical undergraduates, teaching is unfocused, fragmented, and includes little epidemiology--the core subject for public health physicians. Teaching is mainly through long lectures with few group discussions. Student participation and motivation are low. As well as recommending redesign of the curriculum, Moore and Dixon suggested training in teaching methods for teachers. They also suggested that postgraduate training in public health should begin and should be targeted at hospital managers, teaching staff, and existing public health physicians.
Ivory Vertebra Appearing Photopenic on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan
Authors: Nicolas Aide, Sylvie Costo, Stéphanie Lheureux, Nejla Allouache, Stéphane Bardet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report the case of a 72-year-old man with prostate cancer, in whom Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy revealed a “superscan” pattern, except in a dorsal vertebra, which appeared photopenic. A low-dose SPECT/CT acquisition demonstrated that the lack of tracer uptake corresponded to a blastic lesion with no lytic component. Surprisingly, the cold vertebra appeared as an “ivory vertebra” on the CT part of the SPECT/CT acquisition. In the present case, the photopenic appearance is thought to be due to a concomitant blastic lesion and spine infarct.
Having Trouble Making Predictions
Authors: M. Margaret Kemeny
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
A Transcriptomic Atlas of Mouse Neocortical Layers
Authors: T. Grant Belgard, Ana C. Marques, Peter L. Oliver, Hatice Ozel Abaan, Tamara M. Sirey, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Fernando García-Moreno, Zoltán Molnár, Elliott H. Margulies, Chris P. Ponting
Journal: Neuron (2011)

SummaryIn the mammalian cortex, neurons and glia form a patterned structure across six layers whose complex cytoarchitectonic arrangement is likely to contribute to cognition. We sequenced transcriptomes from layers 1-6b of different areas (primary and secondary) of the adult (postnatal day 56) mouse somatosensory cortex to understand the transcriptional levels and functional repertoires of coding and noncoding loci for cells constituting these layers. A total of 5,835 protein-coding genes and 66 noncoding RNA loci are differentially expressed ("patterned") across the layers, on the basis of a machine-learning model (naive Bayes) approach. Layers 2-6b are each associated with specific functional and disease annotations that provide insights into their biological roles. This new resource (http://genserv.anat.ox.ac.uk/layers) greatly extends currently available resources, such as the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas and microarray data sets, by providing quantitative expression levels, by being genome-wide, by including novel loci, and by identifying candidate alternatively spliced transcripts that are differentially expressed across layers.Highlights•Online atlas of genome-wide transcription across neocortical layers•Significant, replicated associations between disease genes and specific layers•Widespread isoform switching across layers•LincRNAs conserved, coexpressed across layers with neighboring protein-coding genes
RelA/p65 promotes osteoclast differentiation by blocking a RANKL-induced apoptotic JNK pathway in mice
Authors: Sergio Vaira, Muhammad Alhawagri, Imani Anwisye, Hideki Kitaura, Roberta Faccio, Deborah Veis Novack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Osteoclasts (OCs) function to reabsorb bone and are responsible for the bone loss associated with inflammatory arthritis and osteoporosis. OC numbers are elevated in most disorders of accelerated bone destruction, reflecting altered rates of precursor differentiation and apoptosis. Both of these processes are regulated by the JNK family of MAP kinases. In this study, we have demonstrated that the NF-kappaB subunit RelA/p65 inhibits JNK-mediated apoptosis during a critical period of commitment to the OC phenotype in response to the cytokine RANKL. This RelA/p65-mediated arrest of cell death led to enhanced OC differentiation. Hence, Rela-/- OC precursors displayed prolonged JNK activation in response to RANKL, and this was accompanied by an increase in cell death that prevented efficient differentiation. Although complete blockade of JNK activity inhibits osteoclastogenesis, both short-term blockade in RelA-deficient cultures and suppression of the downstream mediator, Bid rescued apoptosis and differentiation. These antiapoptotic effects were RelA specific, as overexpression of RelA, but not RelB, blocked apoptosis and rescued differentiation in Rela-/- precursors. Thus, RelA blocks a RANKL-induced, apoptotic JNK-Bid pathway, thereby promoting OC differentiation. Consistent with this, mice lacking RelA/p65 in the hematopoietic compartment were shown to have a deficient osteoclastogenic response to RANKL and were protected from arthritis-induced osteolysis.
GPs need to prepare to collaborate in case of a flu epidemic
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

GPs should prepare now for how they would manage working with neighbouring practices in the event of a flu pandemic, in which the average surgery would see about 190 extra patients with the illness each week, a new report says.

The joint guidance from the Royal College of General Practitioners and the BMA says that new ways of working for GPs would be introduced in a pandemic for which surgeries need to prepare now.

The report on what to do now and what to do when a pandemic strikes warns that pandemic flu would put the NHS under “unprecedented pressure.”

Three pandemics have …
Skeletal Deformities in Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Carlton R. Souders, J. Lawrence Manuell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism with bone disease, if allowed to progress, will result in severe skeletal deterioration, giving rise to a variety of clinical and roentgenographic findings. The case reported below, which escaped diagnosis during a four-year period of symptoms, demonstrates the classic picture of severe "osteitis fibrosa generalisata," including clubbing of the fingers.Case ReportA 29-year-old married woman was admitted to the medical service on January 29, 1951, complaining of generalized bone and joint pains, particularly severe in the knees, the right shoulder and the left hip, of 4 or 5 years' duration. During this time she had noted constant . . .
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: D. Podzamczer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) may be found to be associated with several entities, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and cancer.<sup>1</sup>We describe a patient who, together with having familial antecedents of HUS, presented with MAHA and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Pathology findings suggested the carcinoma to be related to the pathogenicity of the microangiopathic anemia. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the unusual association of familial HUS with MAHA and carcinoma. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old man had familial antecedents of HUS. His son, sister, and niece had relapsing familial HUS, and all three, as well as our patient and a brother, had HLA haplotype A3,B7 with persistent hypocomplementemia through alternative pathway activation. Forty days before admission to hospital the patient became ill with sustained fever and discomfort in the lower right side of the jaw and lost 12
Epstein–Barr Virus in Action in Vivo
Authors: A.B. Rickinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a B-lymphotropic herpesvirus carried by almost everyone as a lifelong asymptomatic infection, is implicated in the pathogenesis of at least three malignant disorders of B cells.1 One is Burkitt's lymphoma, which in its endemic form in equatorial Africa almost always contains the virus. A rare sporadic form of Burkitt's lymphoma that occurs in Western countries contains the virus in 10 to 20 percent of cases. The second B-cell tumor linked to EBV is classic Hodgkin's disease,2 which is associated with the virus in 40 percent of the cases in the West and in more than 80 percent . . .
Ligands for Siglec-8 and Siglec-F: Binding Characteristics and Tissue Distribution
Authors: J.P. Guo, A.C. Myers, O. Choi, H.S. Lee, Z. Zhu, S.A. Hudson, M. Brummet, N.V. Bovin, P.R. Crocker, B.S. Bochner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Management of acute illness in infants before admission to hospital.
Authors: A N Stanton, P M McWeeny, A L Jay, E Irwin, J R Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Parents and family doctors were questioned about the management of 150 infants with acute illness before their admission to hospital. When 108 of the children were first assessed the family doctor did not consider that admission was necessary, but follow-up was arranged in only 14 of these cases. Thus in 94 cases the initiative for recall was left to the parents, who in 44 cases already wanted their child to be admitted. Forty-eight infants were referred because the doctors thought that the parents could not cope. The parents of 31 of the children delayed in seeking help. As over half the children were ill for more than three days before they were admitted to hospital, regular follow-up could have been arranged. Doctors should normally retain the initiative for this rather than leave it to the parents' discretion.
PRECURSOR LESIONS OF OESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN YOUNG PEOPLE IN A HIGH-RISK POPULATION IN CHINA
Authors: Jürgen Wahrendorf, QiuSong Liang, Nubia Muñoz, Richard Raedsch, Jenny Chang-Claude, YangGuan Rei, Massimo Crespi, David Thurnham, Pelayo Correa
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Radiofrequency-Triggered Pacemakers: Uses and Limitations
Authors: Robert W. Peters, Eugene Shafton, Stuart Frank, Arthur N. Thomas, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Seven patients with either recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (five), alternating bradycardiatachycardia (one), or ventricular tachycardia (one) underwent insertion of permanent radiofrequency-triggered pacemakers. Follow-up evaluation (36 ± 24 months, mean ± SD) revealed that arrhythmias were well controlled in five of seven patients, although three of the five required medication to decrease frequency of arrhythmias. Overdrive pacing was ineffective in one patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who had recurrent bouts of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. One additional patient with ventricular tachycardia became refractory to overdrive atrial pacing. These studies document the long-term effectiveness of radiofrequency pacemakers in some patients with recurrent refractory arrhythmias. Careful patient selection and electrophysiologic studies are mandatory before implantation of a permanent radiofrequency pacemaker. Physicians must be aware of both the benefits and possible limitations of radiofrequency pacemakers in order to choose between pacemaker versus surgical intervention in patients with cardiac arrhythmias refractory to standard drug therapy.
Prophylactic Postoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: John J. Byrne, Harry S. Goldsmith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE routine postoperative use of antibiotics is of doubtful value in preventing infections and tends actually to increase the resistant strains of bacteria. However, if a chemotherapeutic agent that had a wide range of activity but did not promote the growth of resistant organisms could be developed it would be a useful agent for such a purpose. Recently, a new nitrofuran, furaltadone,‡ which is supposed to have such attributes, has been developed. Since reasonable prophylactic measures should be examined carefully, it was clinically tested on the Third (Boston University) Surgical Service of the Boston City Hospital.Methods and ResultsFor . . .
A Confucian Reflection on Genetic Enhancement
Authors: Ruiping Fan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

This essay explores a proper Confucian vision on genetic enhancement. It argues that while Confucians can accept a formal starting point that Michael Sandel proposes in his ethics of giftedness, namely, that children should be taken as gifts, Confucians cannot adopt his generalist strategy. The essay provides a Confucian full ethics of giftedness by addressing a series of relevant questions, such as what kind of gifts children are, where the gifts are from, in which way they are given, and for what purpose they are given. It indicates that Confucians should sort out different types of enhancement and bring them to the test of the Confucian values in terms of both Confucian virtue principles and specific ritual rules. It concludes that Confucians can accept some types of enhancement but must reject others.