tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The interaction of gut microbes with host ABC transporters
Authors: Regino Mercado-Lubo
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are increasingly recognized for their ability to modulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, secretion and toxicity of xenobiotics. In addition to their essential function in drug resistance, there is also emerging evidence documenting the important role ABC transporters play in tissue defense. In this respect, the gastrointestinal tract represents a critical vanguard of defense against oral exposure of drugs while at the same time functions as a physical barrier between the lumenal contents (including bacteria) and the intestinal epithelium. Given emerging evidence suggesting that multidrug resistance protein (MDR) plays an important role in host-bacterial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, this review will discuss the interplay between MDR of the intestinal epithelial cell barrier and gut microbes in health and disease. In particular, we will explore host-microbe interactions involving three apically restricted ABC transporters of the intestinal epithelium; P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR).
New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Salvatore Cassese, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in endurance athletes
Authors: Jouko Karjalainen, Urho M. Kujala, Anu Stolt, Matti Mäntysaari, Matti Viitasalo, Katariina Kainulainen, Kimmo Kontula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Arab Physicians and Israeli Teachers
Authors: Alfred Soffer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

EACH week, 70 physicians crowd into a small lecture room adjacent to the outpatient clinic of the Shifa Hospital in the city of Gaza. The practicing clinicians, residents, and interns who comprise this "class" come regularly to attend a series of lectures in electrocardiography and clinical cardiology. Unusual? Not for the average hospital in the United States, but these are Arab physicians trained in Egypt, and the lecturers are Israeli physicians who have been sent to Gaza by the University of Tel Aviv through the cooperation of the Israeli Ministry of Health. As a visiting faculty member of the Sackler School of Medicine of Tel Aviv University, I conducted this course and thus was privileged to learn the story of the evolution of this striking example of cooperation between Arabs and Israelis in the administered territories. <h3>Israeli Physicians for El Arish</h3> The 20th century has not been kind to the
The Soho bomb
Authors: R I P Dornan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

We live our crowded lives on the assumption that our neighbours will hold to certain rules. They will not bring guns to our schools, nor glass into our food, nor bombs into our pubs and marketplaces. For the most part, we live safe in our assumptions.

The bomb was like nothing I had ever heard and yet it could not be mistaken for anything else. The world stretched and compressed like the opening of a Speilberg film with the sound turned off and time itself sputtered and raced like a poorly balanced video.

My entire career had been trained for this moment and now I had no equipment 

The clap of thunder, the faces, and the impulse to run—where? Towards or away from the sound?

Later, an American medic would astonish me by just standing in the street—perhaps he was used to firefights in Los Angeles and did not understand our fear of a second bomb. Or perhaps he was the bravest man I shall ever meet.

The victims from inside the pub were easily spotted—all had the wide open …
Genetics of Tissue Transplantation in Mice and Men
Authors: Jack H. Stimpfling
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE ART of skin grafting has intrigued surgeons for many years. Writings which have been traced to 750-800 B.C. describe the use by Hindu surgeons of skin grafts to repair amputated noses. Transplanting skin by means of flaps was apparently practiced by Europeans in the 15th and 16th centuries. During the last century there were a number of conflicting reports concerning the success of free skin grafts. In spite of numerous early efforts to graft skin from man to man and from animals to man, the factors that caused transplanted tissues to grow or fail to grow were largely obscure.  Tumor Transplantation in Mice  An insight into a necessary condition for the successful growth of transplanted tissues was foreshadowed by the work of Leo Loeb, who showed that tumors which had originated in an inbred strain of Japanese waltzing mice (a genetically uniform strain of mice produced after many
Observations on the review body's 1983 report.
Authors: J C Ford
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The thirteenth report of the review body on doctors' and dentists' remuneration, which was published last month,1 is potentially very important for several reasons. Coming hard on the heels of the second stage of settlements for National Health Service workers, which provided for 4?% increases during the year 1983-42 and which contained the offer of an independent review mechanism for nurses, midwives, and the professions supplementary to medicine,3 it was bound to excite curiosity. Furthermore, the government's response to the report's two predecessors was only partial implementation and on 9 May a general election was announced. The falling annual rate of inflation had been expected to moderate pay settlements generally and signs of an increase in white collar unemployment were being mirrored in the medical profession. The pay bill for the medical profession (excluding the provision made for the practice expenses of independent contractors) represented, in 1982-3?at just under ? 1200m? some 8oo of NHS expenditure (table I). So it is an important component of public expenditure. For just this reason the review body system embodies an assurance that the profession's remuneration will not be used as an economic regulator. In recommending increases in pay that would have added ?121m, or a little over 10%, to this total the review body has abided by this condition in its terms of reference. Its recommendations exceeded by ?68m the amount expressly built into NHS expenditure for pay increases in 1983-4. The government, in staging the recommendations, has saved about ?25m of this excess, which takes its total bite out of medical earnings to ?87m over the last three years. The implementation of the award in two stages will add over the year 8-1% to the pay bill, comprising 6-8% for most doctors, with more substantial gains for most junior hospital staff*. Two issues dominate the review body's 1983 considerations. These are, firstly, the manner in which the review body has reacted to the now familiar case put on behalf of hospital junior doctors for remuneration more accurately reflecting their onerous hours of duty and work, and, secondly, a detailed explanation of the way in which recommendations on general practitioner remuneration are arrived at and, by implication, translated into the fees and allowances received by general practitioners each quarter.
An Address on THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THEr-word " polioinyelitis " nowadays is restricted to the clinical anod pathological results of a definito specific infec- tioni of ttie anatomy, thouglh the part inlvaded nmay be the braini, the cerebellum, thte spinal cord, or the peripheral nerves, or any combination of these struictures.The ternl " polio-enceplialitis " is nio longer used, nor do we speak of " aniter ior poliomyelitis,'' nor of " actute poliomyelitis," nor of " chronic poliomyelitis," but simply of " poliomyelitis," to denote this peculiar specific fever which lhas tile incidence of it, effects chiefly upon the nervous system.Thiis malady lhas been incident upon hunallity sinice very early timles, as the references in classic literatlure to " le tlat lbath a witlhered lim-ab " will tell you, or the maliv portrayals of tile deformities produced by the malady in earl-sculpture andl mediaeval paintings wvill slow you, but iever iun-til oin lifetime has it been known as a pestilence wbhich, affectinig one sniall district, in a few years claimed 50,000 vic-tims; nior as a plagute which in tlhree short moniths could leave belhindl it 5,000 de'ad and 12,000 paralysed, as it did in New Yor k State in 1916; nor as a swift scourge whicl, liglhting up1101 the )ttle village of Stoke Rivers in Devonshire, could lay low in a fem (lays 45 personis out of a total population of 119.These events are new to the world of medicine in which we h1ave lived, for wheni I joinied our profession poli(myeditis was not described as ani infectious disease, tIloulgi an epidemiiic of 11 cases in ono village had been recorded as early as 1843 by Colmar.Thore.-wereotlher smiall comi.-rliflity outbreaks iii my early years, butit was ani outbreak of 1,500 cases in Sweden ini 105 w-hich led to-tlle most important discoveries tupon the nature of poliomyelitis.Oni accoIlilt of the geographical naturie of Sweden and the distributionl of its l)Op)ulation in small vilinge-comilmunities
THE RATE OF REGENERATION OF BLOOD PLATELETS
Authors: W. W. Duke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

By repeatedly withdrawing, defibrinating, and reinjecting blood, the platelet count in dogs can be reduced to an extremely low level. When the reduction in platelets and fibrinogen has been carried to an extreme degree the animals display a marked tendency to bleed. The regeneration of platelets after their removal by defibrination is remarkably rapid and amounts, on an average, to about one fifth of the entire number in the blood per day. From the experiments and from observations on the platelet count in human beings, it is believed that under the usual conditions of life platelets are utilized or destroyed and replaced in enormous numbers daily, and that the life cycle of the platelet is extremely short,-possibly a matter of a few days.
p53 family members in myogenic differentiation and rhabdomyosarcoma development
Authors: Hakan Cam, Heidi Griesmann, Michaela Beitzinger, Lars Hofmann, Rasa Beinoraviciute-Kellner, Markus Sauer, Nicole Hüttinger-Kirchhof, Claudia Oswald, Peter Friedl, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Christof Burek, Andreas Rosenwald, Thorsten Stiewe
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Methyl Chloride Intoxication
Authors: Thomas L. Hartman, Warren Wacker, Rufus M. Roll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

EARLY in the development of electric refrigeration methyl chloride was a commonly used refrigerant. However, the toxic properties of this gas brought about the development and present use of nontoxic agents to replace it.1 In 1947 Smith and Von Oettingen2 reviewed the clinical literature dealing with methyl chloride poisoning. As of that date over 200 cases of human poisoning had been reported, including 15 deaths. This type of intoxication was most commonly seen in refrigeration workmen who were exposed to the gas at work or in persons who were victims of leaky refrigeration systems in their households.Despite the known . . .
Plasmapheresis: Great Economy in the Use of Horses
Authors: John Verrier Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Today's physicians are often inclined to be doers rather than thinkers, and if modern technology appears to offer a dramatic mechanical approach to the management of a dangerous disease, there will be a great temptation to hurry into action, perhaps before the evidence has been adequately weighed. Plasmapheresis is a somewhat blunt instrument for perturbing the equilibrium of the milieu internal, but has nevertheless recently produced some exciting preliminary results.The idea originated in 1914. Abel, Rowntree and Turner1 in an account of their attempts to develop an artificial kidney commented, "In connection with our experiments on vividiffusion...the idea suggested . . .
SYMPTOMATIC RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA TO INTRAVENOUS USE OF PHYSIOLOGIC SOLUTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Harry G. Jacobi
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The frequent occurrence of vascular changes in polycythemia vera, involving the peripheral arteries as well as those of the internal organs, have been described and reported.<sup>1</sup>Evidence of the changes in the peripheral vessels is manifested by the palpable thickening of the vessel walls and the varying degrees of calcification as demonstrated by roentgenograms. Such changes may give rise to (1) symptoms of claudication, (2) arterial occlusion with gangrene, (3) acroparesthesia, (4) thromboangiitis obliterans and (5) other vasomotor disturbances.<sup>2</sup>The diagnosis of involvement of the arteries of the internal organs, particularly the brain and the heart, is dependent chiefly on symptoms referable to these organs and also on the appearance of the retinal vessels. My purpose in this paper is to present a simple therapeutic measure, within the reach of the average practitioner, which was employed to give relief to the painful accompaniment of peripheral arterial disease in
Erythropoietin Contrastingly Affects Bacterial Infection and Experimental Colitis by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB-Inducible Immune Pathways
Authors: Manfred Nairz, Andrea Schroll, Alexander R. Moschen, Thomas Sonnweber, Milan Theurl, Igor Theurl, Nicole Taub, Christina Jamnig, Daniela Neurauter, Lukas A. Huber, Herbert Tilg, Patrizia L. Moser, Günter Weiss
Journal: Immunity (2011)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the principal cytokine regulating erythropoiesis through its receptor, EPOR. Interestingly, EPORs are also found on immune cells with incompletely understood functions. Here, we show that EPO inhibits the induction of proinflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase in activated macrophages, which is mechanistically attributable to blockage of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 activation by EPO. Accordingly, in systemic Salmonella infection, treatment of mice with EPO results in reduced survival and impaired pathogen clearance because of diminished formation of anti-microbial effector molecules such as TNF-α and NO. However, neutralization of endogenous EPO or genetic ablation of Epor promotes Salmonella elimination. In contrast, in chemically induced colitis, EPO-EPOR interaction decreases the production of NF-κB-inducible immune mediators, thus limiting tissue damage and ameliorating disease severity. These immune-modulatory effects of EPO may be of therapeutic relevance in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Clinical Reactions and Serologic Changes After the Administration of Heterologous Antilymphocyte Globulin to Human Recipients of Renal Homografts
Authors: NOBORU KASHIWAGI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Clinical reactions and serologic changes after intramuscular administration of horse anti-human lymphocyte globulin (ALG) were studied in 53 human recipients of renal homografts. The ALG was used as an adjuvant immunosuppressive drug. In the usual case 47 injections were given over a 4-month period. All patients had pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling at the injection sites. Benign systemic side effects included fever in all cases, hives in eight cases, rash in five, pruritus in five, arthralgia in three, and periorbital edema in one. Anaphylactic reactions occurred in 11 cases. These were easily treated, and there was complete recovery in every instance within 90 min. In eight of these cases the ALG administration was discontinued. Subsequent injections were given in the other three. Four of 11 patients tested had positive skin tests to ALG before therapy. Antibodies against sheep red blood cells developed during therapy in 39 of 40 patients; 10 reached titers as high as 1:128 to 1:512. Precipitin antibodies as measured with an electroimmunodiffusion technique developed in 36 of 40 patients. All three immunologic tests were of value in predicting the probability of an anaphylactic reaction, but the discrimination was imperfect. Immunoelectrophoretic studies of sera from 13 patients showed antibodies to horse beta globulins in all cases, to alpha globulins in 9 cases, and to gamma globulins in only 1. This finding indicates that a safer ALG could be made by removing the trace quantities of alpha and beta globulins from the immunologically more active gamma globulins.
Transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells after myeloablative treatment of a patient in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Atsuko Sasaki, Machiko Tsukaguchi, Manabu Hirai, Hidehiro Ohira, Yoshitaka Nakao, Takahisa Yamane, Keunsik Park, Taesung Im, Noriyuki Tatsumi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract A 48‐year‐old man in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia received a transplant of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells. The donor was his HLA‐identical sister, who refused to donate bone marrow cells, but agreed to donate peripheral blood stem cells. The patient received standard transplant conditioning with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/ kg) and busulfan (16 mg/kg). Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with granulocyte colony stimulating factor and collected by apheresis. After transplantation, the white blood cell count and the result of microscopic analysis of the bone marrow became normal, and the leukocyte karyotype became 46XX. DNA fingerprinting showed complete chimerism. Graft‐versus‐host disease was suppressed with cyclosporine and methyl‐prednisolone. The patient died of recurrence of leukemia on day 102+. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sialometry and sialochemistry: diagnostic tools for Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Wwi Kalk, Arjan Vissink, Frederik Spijkervet, Hendrika Bootsma, Cornelis Kallenberg, Avn Amerongen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The common occurrence of xerostomia in Sjögren9s syndrome (SS) as well as the easy accessibility of saliva supports the use of sialometry and sialochemistry in the diagnosis of SS. Collection and analysis of whole saliva (oral fluid) is currently the routine technique for sialometry, despite the fact that it is rather inaccurate and impure. <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To assess the value of glandular sialometry and sialochemistry as diagnostic instruments in SS. <h3>METHODS</h3> In a group of 100 consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of SS, glandular secretory flow rates and a spectrum of salivary components (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, urea, amylase, total protein) were assessed. The patients were classified as positive or negative for SS according to the revised European classification criteria. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Patients with SS differed clearly from those who tested negative for SS, showing lower submandibular/sublingual (SM/SL) flow rates and an appreciably changed salivary composition of parotid and SM/SL saliva. Besides changes in salivary flow rate and composition, distinct sialometric profiles were observed, characteristic of either early or late salivary manifestation of SS, or of the xerogenic side effects of medication. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Glandular sialometry and sialochemistry are not only useful tools for differentiating SS from other salivary gland disease in clinical practice, but they also have great potential as diagnostic criteria for SS, showing distinct sialometric and sialochemical changes as well as profiles. Being simple, safe (non-invasive), and sensitive (early disease detection), they have three major advantages over other oral tests for SS.
A lysosomal protease enters the death scene
Authors: Guy S. Salvesen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The definition of lysosomes as cellular “suicide bags” derives from DeDuve’s early work on fractionation and identification of cellular organelles. Since lysosomes contain degradative systems for proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, it seemed natural that they should participate in cellular death and dismantling. But the last five years have seen a rapid advance in our understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of cell death, and it is apparent that a well conserved specific program exists in metazoans to execute superfluous or disobedient cells. This program is called apoptosis. Lysosomes or their constituents had not been considered to participate in this process under normal circumstances, and one cannot find discussion of these organelles or their constituents in the most recent series of eloquent reviews that cover the entire field of apoptosis (1–7). To be sure, there is evidence that lysosomal hydrolases participate in the unruly form of cell death known as necrosis and in the autophagic cell death found in neuronal populations (8). It is even evident that lysosomal rupture can trigger apoptosis under certain pathologic conditions (9), but to this point there has been little reason to believe that lysosomes participate in bona fide physiological apoptosis (Figure ​(Figure11).



Figure 1

Two initiation pathways, triggered by separate events, converge to execute apoptosis. The extrinsic pathway (lighter shading) encompasses the extracellular ligation of death receptors by their cognate ligands, resulting in receptor clustering, adapter ...
Hay-Fever Treatment by Dunbar's Remedies (Pollantin).
Authors: George F. Cott
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 6, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In regard to Dr. Ingals' letter inThe Journal, August 4: I used pollantin to some extent last year, with very satisfactory results. In every case the symptoms were relieved and could be kept away by repeated insufflation. One patient who had a severe type of hay fever, involving eyes, nose, throat and bronchi, wrote me from out of town that the drug was no good, his cure only lasted while he was using the powder. All that can be claimed for the antitoxin is amelioration, which is a great deal, and will enable a man to stay at home while using the powder.