tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiographic resolution of community-acquired pneumonia.
Authors: R L Mittl, R J Schwab, J S Duchin, J E Goin, S M Albeida, W T Miller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Clinicians are frequently faced with patients in whom the radiographic resolution of community-acquired pneumonia seems delayed. Previous studies of radiographic resolution of the disease have yielded conflicting results. We prospectively assessed the radiographic resolution of pneumonia in 81 non-immuno-compromised patients, presenting to the emergency room and ambulatory clinics of a large university hospital, who met clinical and radiographic criteria for pneumonia. Serial chest radiographs were obtained every 2 wk for an initial period of 8 wk, and then every 4 wk until 24 wk had passed, or until all radiographic abnormalities had cleared. Forty-one of the 81 patients (50.6%) demonstrated complete clearance after 2 wk. Fifty of the 75 patients (66.7%) followed to 4 wk demonstrated complete clearance. The rate of clearance was inversely correlated with age (p < 0.001) and involvement of single versus multiple lobes (p < 0.0001) (log-rank test). Clearance was faster in those patients treated as outpatients (3.8 wk versus 9.1 wk, p = 0.03) and in patients who were nonsmokers (4.5 wk versus 8.4 wk, p = 0.05) (log-rank test). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only age (relative risk for clearance, +0.79 per decade) and single versus multiple lobes involved (relative risk for clearance, 0.55 for more than one lobe) had independent predictive value (Cox proportional hazards regression model). The radiographic resolution of pneumonia occurs more rapidly in younger patients and in those with only a single lobe involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Methadone for Treatment of Cancer Pain
Authors: Mark A. O'Rourke
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his Commentary,<sup>1</sup>Dr Dole endorsed the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine<sup>2</sup>that the Drug Enforcement Administration should decrease the special restrictions on the prescription of methadone and treat this agent more like other Schedule II drugs. His reasons dealt with improving treatment services for narcotic addiction. However, there is another compelling reason to decrease regulation of and increase access to methadone by treating it like other Schedule II narcotics. Methadone is an effective, long-acting, and inexpensive narcotic analgesic useful in the treatment of chronic cancer pain and is less expensive than the long-acting narcotics widely used in the control of cancer pain in the United States today. Based on the average wholesale price<sup>3</sup>of methadone, the cost of 10 mg taken orally every 12 hours is $0.25 per day and $7.50 a month. Based on the average wholesale price,<sup>3</sup>the cost
Successfully Treated Rhinocerebral Phycomycosis in Well Controlled Diabetes
Authors: Richard Sandler, Carter B. Tallman, Donald G. Keamy, William R. Irving
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

RHINOCEREBRAL phycomycosis (mucormycosis) is a fulminant fungal infection most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus, usually with ketoacidosis,1 2 3 4 or occasionally some other debilitating condition.5 The relatively few reported survivals have been characterized by devastating sequelae, including orbital enucleation,4 permanent ophthalmoplegia,2 monocular blindness1 , 2 and palatal defects requiring extensive reconstructive surgery.6 The present case is most unusual, in that it developed in a well documented setting of excellent diabetic control and seemingly no other predisposing causes. Furthermore, the degree of success of the outcome is noteworthy among reported survivals.Case ReportA 15-year-old girl was discovered to have diabetes mellitus, which was subsequently . . .
Schemes to collect and destroy handguns help to cut homicide rate
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Initiatives to collect and destroy handguns and other small arms, especially in countries with high homicide rates, such as Brazil and South Africa, help to bring down the number of homicides, a worldwide survey indicates.

About 490 000 homicides are committed worldwide each year, and in about 60% of homicides the weapons used are small arms. By comparison, the annual number of deaths from war and conflict is estimated at between 52 000 and 184 000.

The Geneva Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, which carried out the survey, says that children and teenagers are affected by armed violence in ways different …
Common <i>MMP-7</i> Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Multistage Study of Association and Functionality
Authors: Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Ji-Rong Long, Yu-Tang Gao, Chun Li, Shimian Qu, Qiuyin Cai, Ying Zheng, Zhi-Xian Ruan, Shawn E. Levy, Sandra L. Deming, Jay R. Snoddy, Xiao-ou Shu, Wei Lu, Wei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small secreted proteolytic enzyme with broad substrate specificity against ECM and non-ECM components. Known to be vital for tumor invasion and metastasis, accumulating evidence also implicates MMP-7 in cancer development. Using data from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study, we conducted a two-stage study to evaluate the association of MMP-7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with breast cancer risk. Additionally, associated SNPs were characterized by laboratory assays. In stage 1, 11 SNPs were genotyped among 1,079 incident cases and 1,082 community controls using an Affymetrix Genotyping System. Promising SNPs were selected for stage 2 evaluation and genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays in an independent set of 1,911 cases and 1,811 controls. Three SNPs were selected for stage 2 validation (rs880197, rs10895304, and rs12184413); one had highly consistent results between the two stages of the study. In combined analysis, homozygosity for the variant T allele for rs12184413 was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.6-0.9] compared with the common C allele. This effect was slightly more pronounced in postmenopausal women (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.8) than in premenopausal women (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1). This SNP is located 3' of the MMP-7 gene, in an area enriched with CTCF binding sites. In silico analysis suggested a regulatory role for this region, and our in vitro assays showed an allelic difference in nuclear protein binding capacity. Results from our study suggest that common MMP-7 genetic polymorphisms may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility.
Resolution after radiotherapy of severe pulmonary damage due to paraquat poisoning.
Authors: D B Webb, M V Williams, B H Davies, K W James
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A 29 year old man was admitted 36 hours after ingesting about 5 g paraquat. His arterial oxygen pressure fell progressively to 3.4 kPa (34 mm Hg), and pulmonary damage induced by paraquat was diagnosed. His condition did not improve after treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, but after irradiation both lungs cleared and arterial oxygen pressure started to improve. Irradiation of the lungs should be considered in patients who, after surviving the acute phase of poisoning with paraquat, show progressive deterioration of respiratory function.
INJURIES OF THE EYE PRODUCTIVE OF DISEASES OF THE UVEAL TRACT.
Authors: HOWARD F. HANSELL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The accidents to which the eye is exposed are manifold. Notwithstanding its bony environment and its soft and resilient orbital cushion, the prominent and commanding position in the head affords a conspicuous target for flying missiles, and the insufficient protection afforded by the lids and lashes and the practically uninterrupted functional application of the eye during working hours materially contribute to its dangers. The fortunate provision of nature, the endowment of man with two eyes, saves us from blindness should disaster overtake one-half of the visual anatomy, but this very duality multiplies the danger, and, more than that, uncared traumatic inflammation of the one threatens the safety of the other eye. Apparently insignificant injuries are sometimes followed by the most disastrous results. This ocular inconsistency between cause and effect is to be traced in every instance to either delayed or unwise treatment or litica, the scarred mouth, the Hutchinson teeth,
Leukemic cells with 11q23 translocations express granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor and their proliferation is stimulated with G-CSF
Authors: T Inukai, K Sugita, K Iijima, K Goi, T Tezuka, S Kojika, K Kagami, T Mori, A Kinoshita, T Suzuki, T O-Koyama, S Nakazawa
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Postnatal development of renal function: micropuncture and clearance studies in the dog
Authors: Michael Horster, Heinz Valtin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Postnatal renal development was studied in dogs between 2 and 77 days. Single, superficial nephrons were evaluated by micropuncture, concurrently with measurements of total renal function and morphometric analyses in the same animals. Glomerular filtration rate for the entire kidney increased linearly from 0.13 ml/min per g kidney weight at 2 days to 0.91 at 77 days. Extraction of p-aminohippurate increased from about 20 to 80%, and renal plasma flow per g kidney weight, measured as Cpah/Epah, increased threefold during the same period. Filtration fraction increased to the mature value during the first half of the postnatal period studied. The clearance of urea per unit of renal mass increased with age, whereas the fraction of filtered urea reabsorbed declined during the early part of the postnatal period. The pattern of fractional urea reabsorption may be due mainly to increased medullary recycling of urea and to a rise in the reabsorption of water from the medullary collecting duct. Urine osmolality was higher than plasma from birth onward and rose with age. Osmolal equality of collecting duct fluid and medullary interstitium reflected mature vasopressin (ADH)-induced water permeability. The rise in urinary concentration was predominantly due to increasing medullary sequestration of urea. Glomerular filtration rate of the superficial nephron increased from 3.2 nl/min at 21 days, when subcapsular nephrons were uniformly patent, to 23.1 at 77 days. Despite this rise in filtered load, fractional reabsorption of sodium and water in superficial proximal tubules was constant and at the mature level from the onset of intratubular perfusion. Changes in arterial plasma protein concentration, in filtration fraction, and in the hydrostatic pressure gradient between proximal tubule and peritubular capillary may interact to maintain glomerulotubular balance. The data, together with results of an accompanying morphological study, demonstrate a sequence of coordinated changes during postnatal renal maturation.
Diagnosis of small-bowel pathology using paired capsule endoscopy with two different devices: a randomized study
Authors: D. Hartmann, A. Eickhoff, U. Damian, J. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. Hartmann et al., pp. 1041Endoscopy 2007; 39(12): 83-83DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308886
Liver-specific suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 deletion in mice enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis resulting in fatty liver and obesity1
Authors: Nirupa Sachithanandan, Barbara C. Fam, Stacey Fynch, Nicolas Dzamko, Matthew J. Watt, Sam Wormald, Jane Honeyman, Sandra Galic, Joseph Proietto, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Andrea L. Hevener, Thomas W.H. Kay, Gregory R. Steinberg
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and contributes to the development of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) protein is increased in inflammation and is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin and leptin signaling. Therefore, we studied the metabolic effects of liver-specific SOCS3 deletion in vivo . We fed wild-type (WT) and liver-specific SOCS3 knockout (SOCS3 LKO) mice either a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and examined their metabolic phenotype. We isolated hepatocytes from WT and SOCS3 LKO mice and examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor α and insulin on Akt phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism and lipogenic gene expression. Hepatocytes from control-fed SOCS3 LKO mice were protected from developing tumor necrosis factor α–induced insulin resistance but also had increased lipogenesis and expression of sterol response element–binding protein-1c target genes. Lean SOCS3 LKO mice fed a control diet had enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity; however, when fed an HFD, SOCS3 LKO mice had increased liver fat, inflammation, and whole-body insulin resistance. SOCS3 LKO mice fed an HFD also had elevated hypothalamic SOCS3 and fatty acid synthase expression and developed greater obesity due to increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Conclusion: Deletion of SOCS3 in the liver increases liver insulin sensitivity in mice fed a control diet but paradoxically promotes lipogenesis, leading to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammation, and obesity. (Hepatology 2010.)
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis associated with achalasia: an unusual endoscopic appearance
Authors: I. Turan, E. Ozen, S. Bor, O. Ozutemiz
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 45-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dysphagia, especially in relation to solid foods, that had lasted for 3 years. A barium esophagogram revealed long intramural collections extending parallel to the long axis of the esophageal lumen with delayed emptying from the esophagus ([Fig. 1 a]). Upper endoscopy showed multiple orifices of pseudodiverticula of different sizes and the surface had a “Swiss cheese” appearance, with some of the “holes” being grouped to form a honeycomb pattern in mid esophagus ([Fig. 2] and [Video 1]). No web or stricture was seen. The biopsy specimens obtained from the edges of the pseudodiverticula revealed nonspecific esophagitis without evidence of candidal infection. Esophageal manometry using a Dent sleeve catheter demonstrated simultaneous low-amplitude peristalsis in the esophageal body and incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in response to wet swallows, suggesting a diagnosis of achalasia ([Fig. 1 b]). The patient was treated for achalasia with endoscopic esophageal injection of botulinum toxin type A. Symptoms improved and she was well for 1.5 years, but was subsequently readmitted to the hospital for recurrent dysphagia. Endoscopy again showed the same findings. A repeat injection of botulinum toxin was given and the patient’s symptoms resolved. She was discharged and advised to return if symptoms recurred.
Effect of Intravenous Administration of Crystalline Pancreatic Desoxyribonuclease in Patients with Gout
Authors: John H. Ayvazian, L. Fred Ayvazian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DURING the use of crystalline pancreatic desoxyribonuclease in the treatment of lung abscess, bacterial meningitis and other suppurative diseases, it was noted that the enzyme was diffusible from blood into areas of inflammation, where it depolymerized extracellular desoxyribonucleic acid, and that the desoxyribonucleic acid cleared rapidly from the sites of suppuration, presumably because of systemic absorption of the soluble nucleotide fragments.1 2 3 When this study was extended to include serum uric acid determinations as a further measure of nucleotide degradation it was found that a patient with pneumococcal meningitis and hyperuricemia showed a prompt fall in serum uric acid levels after . . .
Ga-67 Imaging of ???Cervical Collar??? Sign in Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: KATHLEEN K. KLAAS, DAVID C. GREGG, JOHN R. STY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 30-month-old girl was evaluated with Ga-67 imaging to identify foci of abnormal inflammation. Biopsy of a cutaneous lesion demonstrated manifestations of periarteritis nodosa, which included polymorphic exanthemata- purpuric, urticarial, and multiform in character. There was also severe subcutaneous hemorrhage resulting from necrotizing arteritis. Ga-67 imaging shows the only abnormality located to the posterior neck muscles at sites of cutaneous involvement. Other areas were normal.
Protection from Oral Peanut-Induced Esophageal Lesions in Sensitized Mice treated by Epicutaneous Immunotherapy is Mediated by CD25+CD4+Tregs
Authors: V. Dioszeghy, L. Mondoulet, V. Dhelft, M. Ligouis, E. Puteaux, C. Dupont, P. Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Gastric Bleeding and Benorylate, a New Aspirin
Authors: D. N. Croft, J. H. P. Cuddigan, C. Sweetland
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Benorylate (4-acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate) is a new esterified aspirin preparation whose antirheumatic properties are reported to be as good as those of aspirin. Gastrointestinal blood loss, measured with <sup>51</sup>Cr-labelled red cells, during benorylate therapy was compared with that during therapy with soluble aspirin in 15 subjects, a simplified crossover procedure being used. Mean blood loss during benorylate therapy was 1·7 ml/day which was significantly less than that during therapy with soluble aspirin (5·1 ml/day; P &lt;0·001). In 12 of the 15 patients blood loss with benorylate was less than 2·5 ml/day. Benorylate appears to be a definite improvement on current formulations of aspirin and should be a useful drug for the treatment of patients with chronic rheumatic disorders.
Air pollutants and the facilitation of cancer metastasis.
Authors: A Richters, K Kuraitis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Studies have been carried out to determine whether the inhalation of ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common air pollutant, could influence the frequency of blood-borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. B16 mouse melanoma cells were used as an in vivo test model. the results have indicated that animals inhaling ambient levels of NO2 developed a significantly higher number of melanoma nodules in their lungs than the animals inhaling filtered air. Thus, a new concept for the action of air pollutants is proposed. The question is raised whether similar events are taking place in urban human populations.
Paraplegia as the presenting manifestation of extramedullary megakaryoblastic transformation of previously undiagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Barbara J. Bryant, Jack B. Alperin, M. Tarek Elghetany
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Extramedullary tumors, also known as granulocytic sarcomas (GS), occur most frequently in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). They may signal the onset of the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or the blastic transformation of a myeloproliferative disorder. Occasionally, a GS may be the presenting sign of undiagnosed AML, and rarely the presenting sign of undiagnosed CML or aleukemic leukemia. Paraplegia due to a spinal cord GS is an extremely rare presentation of undiagnosed leukemia. This is the first case report of paraplegia as the presenting manifestation of extramedullary megakaryoblastic transformation of previously undiagnosed CML. A 53‐year‐old woman reported back pain for 6 days, rapidly progressing to paraplegia. Physical examination noted a large abdominal mass and flaccid paralysis in both lower extremities. Spinal MRI revealed a T4–T6 vertebral mass causing spinal stenosis and cord compression. Tumor debulking and laminectomy were performed emergently. The tumor consisted of noncohesive blast cells. The CBC revealed a leukocyte count of 238,300/μl and a differential consistent with CML. Reexamination of the patient found that the abdominal mass was a giant spleen. Further immunohistochemical studies of the tumor were consistent with extramedullary acute megakaryoblastic blast transformation of CML. Although extramedullary blast crises herald the accelerated phases in ∼10% of CML cases, megakaryoblastic blast transformation of CML accounts for less than 3% of these cases. The combination of acute paraplegia and megakaryoblastic transformation in a previously undiagnosed patient with CML is extremely rare and may pose a diagnostic dilemma. Am. J. Hematol. 2006. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical Students in the Philippines
Authors: John Z. Bowers
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This report is intended to inform physicians, medical scientists, and hospital administrators in the United States of pertinent personal characteristics and the cultural and educational background of Philippine medical students. It is important for those of us who participate in the training of foreign graduates to appreciate the fact that they come from countries where cultural patterns are quite different from our own. Their varying family and social relationships, religious beliefs, reasons for choosing medicine as a career and for seeking overseas training may be significant in their performance as interns, residents, or research fellows. The program of medical education may seem to parallel that of an American medical school. However, the educational processes and the interactions between the teacher and the students may mold a far different physician. Each year over 1,000 graduates of the medical schools in the Philippines come to the US for further training. They represent
Assessment of chronic rejection in liver graft recipients receiving immunosuppression with low-dose calcineurin inhibitors
Authors: Louise Barbier, Stéphane Garcia, Jérôme Cros, Patrick Borentain, Danielle Botta-Fridlund, Valérie Paradis, Yves-Patrice Le Treut, Jean Hardwigsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Little evidence for effectiveness of scientific peer review
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Despite its widespread use and costs, little hard evidence exists that peer review improves the quality of published biomedical research, concludes a systematic review from the international Cochrane Collaboration.

Yet the system, which has been used for at least 200 years, has only recently come under scrutiny, with its assumptions about fairness and objectivity rarely tested, say the review authors. With few exceptions, journal editors—and clinicians—around the world continue to see it as the hallmark of serious scientific endeavour.

Published last week, the review is the third in a series from the Cochrane Collaboration …
Subcutaneous internal lateral sphincterotomy (SILS) versus nitroglycerine ointment in anal fissure: A prospective study
Authors: Shiraz Ahmad Rather, Tanveer Iqbal Dar, Aijaz Ahmad Malik, Aijaz Ahmad Rather, Asima Khan, Fazal Q. Parray, Rauf Ahmad Wani
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Information 'Leaking' About CLIA-Implementing Regulations to Be Published Early in 1992
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

PROPOSED REGULATIONS to implement the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 are nearing completion. Publication is expected early in 1992, although even then there may be some provision for comments. The 1988 amendments require that all clinical laboratories meet quality standards and be certified by the federal government. Even before they are published, however, the impact of the amendments soon will be brought home to physicians and others who operate clinical laboratories. This initial impact will be in the form of a detailed questionnaire from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), the object of which is to give HCFA officials a better idea of the regulatory task that lies ahead of them. <h3>Complex Questionnaire</h3> The questionnaire is being sent to some 640 000 addresses, including physicians' office laboratories. The mailing even includes those who provide sidewalk cholesterol screening tests. Some who have seen the questionnaire estimate that it will