tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cultured human endothelial cells generate tissue factor in response to endotoxin.
Authors: M Colucci, G Balconi, R Lorenzet, A Pietra, D Locati, M B Donati, N Semeraro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Bacterial infection is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrin deposition in the microcirculation; the mechanism of these effects in humans is still unclear. We have studied the generation of procoagulant activity (PCA) by cultured human endothelial cells (EC) in response to endotoxin. Cells from umbilical cord veins were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium with 20% fetal calf serum till confluence. Absence of fibroblasts and macrophages was carefully checked. Endotoxin (Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) W or Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS W, 0.01-1.0 micrograms/ml) was added to culture dishes for 4-6 h. PCA of EC was measured by a one-stage clotting assay and/or a two-stage amidolytic assay with the chromogenic substrate S-2222. In the absence of endotoxin, EC generated little, if any PCA (2-5 units/10(5) cells). In contrast, the addition of endotoxin resulted in generation of strong PCA that reached a maximum within 4-6 h (185-241 units/10(5) cells) and was dose-dependent between 1 and 0.01 microgram endotoxin/ml of culture medium. The generation of PCA required RNA and protein synthesis but did not require the presence of serum. No activity was found in the culture medium. The activity was of tissue thromboplastin type, as indicated by biological and immunological criteria. These endotoxin effects were observed in the absence of endothelial damage, as shown by phase-contrast microscopy and lack of 51Cr release. These data could contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of vascular complications associated with endotoxemia in man.
A comparison of fluoroquinolones versus other antibiotics for treating enteric fever: meta-analysis
Authors: D. Thaver, A. K M Zaidi, J. Critchley, A. Azmatullah, S. A. Madni, Z. A Bhutta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To review evidence supporting use of fluoroquinolones as first line agents over other antibiotics for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group specialised register, CENTRAL (issue 4, 2007), Medline (1966-2007), Embase (1974-2007), LILACS (1982-2007), selected conferences, reference lists, and ongoing trial register (November 2007). <b>Review methods</b> Trials comparing fluoroquinolones with chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, or azithromycin in culture-proven enteric fever were included. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Trials recruiting over 60% children were analysed separately from trials on adults. Primary outcomes studied were clinical failure, microbiological failure, and relapse. <b>Results</b> Twenty trials were included. Trials were small and often of limited methodological quality. Only 10 trials concealed allocation and only three were blinded. In trials on adults, fluoroquinolones were not significantly different from chloramphenicol for clinical failure (594 participants) or microbiological failure (n=378), but reduced clinical relapse (odds ratio 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.50), n=467, 6 trials). Azithromycin and fluoroquinolones were comparable (n=152, 2 trials). Compared with ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolones reduced clinical failure (0.08 (0.01 to 0.45), n=120, 3 trials) but not microbiological failure or relapse. Compared with cefixime, fluoroquinolones reduced clinical failure (0.05 (0.01 to 0.24), n=238, 2 trials) and relapse (0.18 (0.03 to 0.91), n=218, 2 trials). In trials on children infected with nalidixic acid resistant strains, older fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin) produced more clinical failures than azithromycin (2.67 (1.16 to 6.11), n=125, 1 trial), but there were no differences with newer fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, n=285, 1 trial). Fluoroquinolones and cefixime were not significantly different (n=82, 1 trial). <b>Conclusions</b> In adults, fluoroquinolones may be better than chloramphenicol for preventing clinical relapse. Data were limited for other comparisons, particularly for children.
Clinical review of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi.
Authors: M J Smith, K M Citron
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Mycobacterium xenopi comprised 56% of all non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the Brompton Hospital laboratory during six years. M xenopi alone was cultured from the sputum of 23 patients, whose clinical and bacteriological features are reviewed. Pulmonary disease was considered to be due to the organism present in 15 of these patients on the basis of strict criteria for a causal relationship. Radiographs of all these patients were consistent with mycobacterial disease, showing pulmonary cavitation in 11, apical shadowing in three, and upper lobe fibrosis in one. In nine patients the disease was chronic, progressing very slowly with longstanding respiratory symptoms and extensive radiographic abnormalities developing over many years (mean 19 years). In six patients the disease was subacute, being of recent onset with radiographic shadowing of limited extent. M xenopi was isolated as a saprophyte from four patients who had lung disease of known cause and single isolates were obtained from four patients who had no lung disease attributable to this organism. In vitro drug sensitivity tests showed the sputum cultures of 17 of 22 patients to be sensitive to two or more of the drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol. Response to chemotherapy was unpredictable and did not always correlate with the results of sensitivity tests. Of 11 patients treated with at least two drugs to which their organisms were sensitive, two remained sputum positive, one relapsed after 18 months of chemotherapy, and eight have remained sputum negative during a minimum of three years9 follow-up.
Arterial Blood Pressure Related to Degree of Albuminuria and Low-Molecular-Weight Proteinuria in IDDM
Authors: J Holm, L Hemmingsen, N V Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Urinary excretion of albumin and retinol-binding protein (a marker of tubular proteinuria that results from impaired proximal tubular reabsorption of lowmolecular- weight proteins) was determined in 110 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects. A statistically significant correlation between the urinary excretion of both proteins, in particular the retinolbinding protein, and the height of arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was observed. Correlation was weak, i.e., factors other than incipient nephropathy could be of greater importance for the development of arterial hypertension in diabetes.
DIFFICULTIES MET WITH IN ENFORCING STATE MEDICAL LAWS.
Authors: BEVERLY D. HARISON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The penal sections of medical acts are not only very similar in the different states, but they have their constitutional authority from the power of the legislatures to enact laws covering what is known as the police power of the state. They are, therefore, on the same plane as other state laws, for instance, the law regulating the sale of liquor or the laws covering violence against the person, etc. Consequently, it is the duty of the prosecuting or district attorney to enforce a medical law just as precisely and strictly as it is customary for him to prosecute persons guilty of a crime against property or the person. The prosecuting or district attorney under the law has no authority given him to select what laws he shall enforce or to adjudge one legislative act necessary and another unimportant. All state laws are equally necessary and important from the standpoint
Acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis B are rarely associated with superinfection of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Jia-Horng Kao, Pei-Jer Chen, Ming-Yang Lai, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

There are 7 genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Whether superinfection of HBV carriers with different HBV genotypes occurs remains unknown. We therefore determined the HBV genotype and association between superinfection and acute exacerbation of disease in a cohort of 244 patients with chronic HBV infection who had elevated serum aminotransferase levels for at least 1 year. Within this group, 103 patients experienced acute exacerbation with an annual incidence of 13%, and 20 of the 103 patients had IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc). These 20 patients had a higher prevalence of genotype C infection (65%) than the remaining 83 anti-core IgM-negative patients (40%) who also had acute exacerbations ( P &lt; .05). Detailed analysis of HBV genotypes and sequences of the variable pre-S gene were determined in serial samples from 20 patients with IgM anti-HBc-positive acute exacerbations (group A), 20 patients with IgM anti-HBc-negative acute exacerbations (group B), and 20 patients without exacerbations (group C). Two (10%) of the group A patients had virologic evidence of HBV superinfection during acute exacerbation, one superinfected with heterotypic virus and the other with homotypic virus. The newly introduced virus disappeared after the exacerbation and the original virus resumed thereafter. The calculated prevalence of HBV superinfection in the hepatitis B carriers and those with acute exacerbations was 0.8% (2 of 244) and 1.9% (2 of 103), respectively. In conclusion, superinfection of HBV on hepatitis B carriers indeed occurs and may cause acute exacerbations, albeit at a low frequency even in hyperendemic areas of HBV infection.
Abstract 454: The regulation of tumorigenesis by crosstalk between hypoxia and PPARdelta
Authors: Eunshil Jeong, So Young Kim, Joo Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hypoxia, insufficient state of oxygen, is a feature of the tumor environment. Upon tumor growing, inside of tumor mass is hypoxic state. Hypoxia promotes tumor progression, expression of angiogenic mediators and tumor resistance to cancer therapy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ligand-activated transcription factors, also play an important role in the regulation of cancer cell growth and angiogenesis. However, it has not been entirely elucidated if hypoxia can regulate PPARdelta activation during tumorigenesis. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between hypoxic stress and PPARdelta activation in tumor cells and the contribution of the crosstalk between these factors to tumor cell growth. Hypoxia (&amp;lt;1% O2) and a hypoxia-mimetic (deferoxamine) increased mRNA levels and protein expression of tumor-promoting mediators such as IL-8, VEGF, and COX-2 in colon cancer cells (HCT116), but not in PPARdelta-knockout HCT116 cells. A synthetic ligand of PPARdelta(GW501516) induced the expression of IL-8, VEGF, and COX-2 in wild-type colon cancer cells but not in PPARdelta-knockout cells. Hypoxia increased both transcriptional activity and mRNA level of PPARdelta in HCT116 cells. In addition, overexpression of HIF-1alpha enhanced transcriptional activity of PPARdelta suggesting that HIF-1alpha regulates the activation of PPARdelta. The proliferation and migration rate of macrophages were enhanced by conditioned media derived from wild-type colon cancer cells but not PPARdelta-knockout cells. These suggest that the expression of IL-8, VEGF, COX-2 induced by hypoxic stress is dependent on PPARdelta activity and that HIF-1alpha and PPARdelta cooperate to promote tumor cell growth. [Supported by a grant from Research Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, GIST] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 454.
Update in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Bennett Lorber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Updates7 December 2004Update in Infectious DiseasesBennett Lorber, MDBennett Lorber, MDFrom Temple University School of Medicine and Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This year's Update in Infectious Diseases incorporates articles on common infections, HIV medicine, therapeutics, bioterrorism, and emerging infections.Common InfectionsA Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Reduced Infection and Absenteeism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Barringer TA, Kirk JK, Santaniello AC, et al. Effect of a multivitamin and mineral supplement on infection and quality of life. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:365-71. [PMID: 12614088]Although about 20% of U.S. adults take a combination multivitamin and mineral supplement daily, the health benefits are largely unknown. Supplements may improve the immunologic defects associated with micronutrient malnutrition. To learn more, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bennett Lorber, MDAffiliations: From Temple University School of Medicine and Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Contributing Editor: Jennifer Fisher WilsonDisclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Bennett Lorber, MD, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine and Temple University Hospital, Broad and Ontario Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19140; e-mail, lorberb@tuhs.temple.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 December 2004Volume 141, Issue 11 Page: 875-881 Keywords Antibiotics Children Conjunctivitis Doxycycline Drugs Infectious diseases Pneumonia Pulmonary hypertension SARS coronavirus West Nile virus ePublished: 7 December 2004 Issue Published: 7 December 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Public health consultants
Authors: M. Schweiger
Journal: BMJ (1989)

impression left by the white paper that the only objective for such budgets is to exert "down- ward pressure on expenditure on drugs."Other ministerial comments have, however, suggested that cost effectiveness-rather than mere cost containment-might be the broader aim.If this could be more openly confirmed, and if it could be backed up by some fairly simple actions consistent with this aim, there should be more general support for the government's proposals.For example, though there is undoubtedly some irrational or excessive prescribing, an international comparison of prescribing volumes and costs suggests that this is not a major problem in Britain.Though everyone would nevertheless agree that overprescribing should be eliminated where possible, at least as potentially damaging and expensive is underprescribing.So far no official attention seems to have been paid to this deter- mining the future workings of budgets.To take only one disease as an example, the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of, say, asthma have been
Quality-of-Care Research
Authors: B Starfield
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maternal vasoactive intestinal peptide and the regulation of embryonic growth in the rodent.
Authors: J M Hill, S K McCune, R J Alvero, G W Glazner, K A Henins, S F Stanziale, J R Keimowitz, D E Brenneman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to regulate early postimplantation growth in rodents through central nervous system receptors. However, the source of VIP mediating these effects is unknown. Although VIP binding sites are present prenatally, VIP mRNA was not detected in the rat central nervous system before birth and was detected in the periphery only during the last third of pregnancy. In the present study, the embryonic day (E11) rat embryo/trophoblast was shown to have four times the VIP concentration of the E17 fetus and to have VIP receptors in the central nervous system. However, no VIP mRNA was detected in the E11 rat embryo or embryonic membranes by in situ hybridization or reverse transcriptase-PCR. RIA of rat maternal serum revealed a peak in VIP concentration at days E10-E12 of pregnancy, with VIP rising to levels 6-10-fold higher than during the final third of pregnancy. After intravenous administration of radiolabeled VIP to pregnant female mice, undegraded VIP was found in the E10 embryo. These results suggest that maternal tissues may provide neuroendocrine support for embryonic growth through a surge of VIP during early postimplantation development in the rodent.
HISTOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN A CASE OF ADDISON'S DISEASE
Authors: E. E. Hewer
Journal: BMJ (1923)

3. Both patients live at Nakibira, a village in the cleared part of the sleeping sickness infected area on the MPologma River, from which place, however, a succession of fresh iufections have been derived (Cases 36, 37, 66, 67, and 68).4. Investigation showed that the people from this village were crossing to an uncleared and heavily fly-infested promontory, Budobo, for the purpose of devil worship.5. Acting on the belief that they were not relapses but reinfections, and early cases at tlhat, we treated them by a
Liberty and psychiatry
Authors: P. Bowden
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The security facilities available in one regional health authority area have been surveyed. The simultaneous run-down of the large mental hospitals and the open-door policy have resulted in a lack of facilities for mentally abnormal offenders, and the increasing scarcity of common lodging houses has exacerbated the problem. Newer psychiatric units associated with general hospitals have been mainly concerned with patients suffering from neurosis or acute psychoses. The failure to develop other services to deal with offenders has seriously overburdened both the penal system and the special hospitals.
Epilepsy and Driving
Authors: R. D. H. Maxwell, G. E. Leyshon
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The status of the epileptic applicant for a licence to drive a private motor vehicle has changed from total prohibition through a stage of partial approval subject to medical assessment to the present conditional right to a driving licence. We report a study of a series of patients which shows that many and probably most epileptics have obtained driving licences by concealment of their condition, yet the new regulations continue to expect true declarations. It is suggested that, in common with applicants for a public service vehicle or a heavy goods vehicle driving licence, the applicant for a licence to drive a private motor vehicle should provide a medical report of fitness. The epileptic should be included in a general category of medically restricted drivers subject to individual medical assessment.
Indomethacin-Responsive Hypercalcemia in a Patient with Renal-Cell Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Harmar D. Brereton, Perry V. Halushka, R. Wayne Alexander, Donald M. Mason, Harry R. Keiser, Vincent T. DeVita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A case is reported of a man who experienced hypercalcemia as a result of developing liver and renal-cell cancer. Repeated skeletal surveys and bone scans failed to reveal any bone metastases. The hypercalcemia was unresponsive to hydration and oral phosphate. However, it responded immediately to oral administration of indomethacin. The mechanism of this calcium-lowering effect is unknown. On the death of the patient, biopsies of the metastic liver and lung tissue were performed. The liver metastatis yielded 7 times the PGE (prostaglandin E)-like and 5 times the PGF-like material found in the normal adjacent liver. The lung metastatis yielded only 1/2 the PGE-like and PGF-like material obtained from normal adjacent lung. The results of this case study would indicate that some forms of hypercalcemia secondary to neoplastic disease are responsive to indomethacin and may be due to increased PG production by the tumor tissue.
F-18 FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis and Management of a Pericardiac Paraganglioma
Authors: Niall Sheehy, Matthew H. Kulke, Annick D. Van Den Abbeele
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 37-year-old woman with symptoms and laboratory investigations suggesting a diagnosis of paraganglioma had a 3-cm mass in the right atrioventricular groove on MRI. The mass had intense F-18 FDG uptake on F-18 FDG PET/CT. After surgery, histologic examination revealed a 16.5 g paraganglioma with capsular and lymphovascular invasion. This suggested an aggressive lesion that had the potential for local or metastatic recurrence. An F-18 FDG PET/CT obtained 6 months later showed no evidence of recurrence. In this case the intense F-18 FDG uptake seen preoperatively has allowed us to use F-18 FDG PET/CT as a surveillance technique to exclude tumor recurrence.
An Experimental Method for the Study of Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: STANTON P. NOLAN, WILLIAM H. MULLER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A method is presented for the experimental creation and correction of acute and chronic aortic insufficiency in dogs. Fifteen animals with acute, 11 with chronic, and 5 with corrected aortic insufficiency were studied. In all animals, mean central aortic blood pressure [see Table in PDF] was essentially normal, while pulse pressure was widened in the acute and chronic states, returning to normal with valvular repair. In the acute state, 41 per cent regurgitation was achieved without a significant alteration in stroke volume. However, in the chronic preperations, when 49 per cent regurgitation was present, there was a 70 per cent increase in stroke volume, accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy. Valvular repair in four of five animals reduced the aortic regurgitation to less than 10 per cent without altering cardiac output. Because of the consistent and predictable results, this method can be used for studies of the pathophysiological alterations attendant upon aortic insufficiency in humans.