tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Red-cell Aplasia
Authors: J. B. Booth
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Professor Harrison suggests that cilia remaining at the posterior part of the nose are unable to transport the relatively large particles of snuff back to the nasopharynx, and this, he thinks, accounts for the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma being much the same in the Bantu as in the European.In fact, flecks of snuff can be seen at the back of the throat even after many years of snufftaking.I remember the well-controlled start of surprise when my family doctor looked at my throat and saw what he thought at first glance were petechial haemorrhages.-Iam, etc.,
Industry sponsored bias in cost effectiveness analyses
Authors: A. John-Baptiste, C. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Evidence is growing that the involvement of industry in cost effectiveness analyses can affect the findings. A systematic review of published cost-utility analyses found that industry funded studies were more than twice as likely to report a cost-utility ratio below $20 000 (£12 700; $14 850) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) as studies sponsored by non-industry sources.1 The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom found that cost effectiveness analyses submitted by manufacturers produced significantly lower ratios than those derived by assessors at academic centres⇓.2



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A study recently published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care build on these findings.3 Garattini and colleagues assessed the relation between industry sponsorship and the findings of pharmacoeconomic analyses performed on single drug treatments from 2004 to 2009. About 95% of 138 analyses sponsored by industry had favourable results compared with only 50% of those without industry sponsorship. Favourable findings were more likely even if the author was affiliated with any consultancy. Despite a lack of clarity regarding some of the investigators’ methodological choices—for example, it was unclear …
Remodeling of Carotid Artery Is Associated With Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Mouse Blood Flow Cessation Model
Authors: Denis Godin, Eugen Ivan, Chad Johnson, Richard Magid, Zorina S. Galis
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The matrix-degrading activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), required for cell migration and general tissue reshaping, is thought essential for pathological arterial remodeling in atherosclerosis and restenosis. Methods and Results —We triggered remodeling of the carotid artery in C57BL/6 mice by blood flow cessation to study the relationship with gelatinases MMP-9 and MMP-2. Ligated and contralateral carotid arteries from ligated and sham-operated mice were harvested fresh, for biochemical analyses, or were perfusion-fixed, for histological studies, at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after ligation. An early statistically significant ( P &lt;0.01) 4- to 5-fold increase in MMP-9 expression detected by SDS-PAGE zymography and Western blotting in tissue homogenates of ligated carotid arteries 1 day after flow cessation was maintained through day 7, after which expression gradually fell. Maximal MMP-9 levels were higher than MMP-2 levels, which became significantly increased 7 days after ligation. Proliferating cells, identified by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, were detectable at day 1 in the adventitia and subsequently throughout the wall. Neointima was visible in 3-day specimens of ligated arteries. Suggested by morphology and predicted by theoretical considerations, maximal MMP-9 expression coincided with cell migration into the neointima, supporting its enabling role. Morphological measurements also demonstrated positive lumen remodeling up to 7 days after ligation. Conclusions —MMP-9 induction is associated with the formation of intimal hyperplasia and does not require frank mechanical injury. Our data also show that a significant increase in MMP-9 expression preceded the positive geometrical remodeling of arteries, suggesting a potentially beneficial role for this matrix-degrading enzyme.
Marguerite Eleanor Mary James
Authors: J. James
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former deputy medical officer of health Richmond upon Thames (b Kidderminster 1911; q Edinburgh 1936; DPH, MFCM, MBE), died from ischaemic heart disease on 29 July 2002.

During the second world war Marguerite James joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and served as a captain. She was wounded in the cheek on active service in Antwerp and continued to attend the more serious casualties until she collapsed. After the war she decided on a career in public health. She progressed from assistant medical officer to management and became deputy medical officer for Richmond upon Thames in 1968. Predeceased by her husband, Mansel, she leaves a daughter.
Platelet-derived growth factor promotes smooth muscle migration and intimal thickening in a rat model of balloon angioplasty.
Authors: A Jawien, D F Bowen-Pope, V Lindner, S M Schwartz, A W Clowes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen and chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vitro, but its activities in vivo remain largely undefined. We infused recombinant PDGF-BB (0.01-0.30 mg/kg per d i.v.) into rats subjected to carotid injury. PDGF-BB produced a small increase (two- to threefold) in medial SMC proliferation. More importantly, PDGF-BB greatly increased (20-fold) the intimal thickening and the migration of SMC from the media to the intima during the first 7 d after injury. These data provide support for the hypothesis that PDGF, and perhaps other platelet factors, might play an important role in the movement of mesenchymal cells into zones of injury undergoing repair.
Feasibility of Endovascular Recanalization for Symptomatic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Hsien-Li Kao, Mao-Shin Lin, Chia-Sung Wang, Yen-Hong Lin, Lung-Chun Lin, Chia-Lun Chao, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Ping-Keung Yip, Shih-Chung Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Aplasia cutis congenita presenting as a familial triad of atrophic alopecia, ocular defects and a peculiar scarring tendency of the skin
Authors: R. S. C. LEUNG, W. E. BEER, H. K. MEHTA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We report two siblings with atrophic alopecia, ocular defects and an abnormal tendency to cutaneous scarring. To our knowledge this appears to be the first report of this familial oculocutaneous association and of this peculiar cutaneous scarring.
EXPERIMENTAL ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The action on mice of several neurotropic viruses was studied with reference to factors which influence infection. With pseudorabies virus, section of the sciatic nerve with inoculation into the ipsilateral foot pad significantly retarded the speed of infection. The virus ascended other nerves of the leg, but at a slower rate. It would appear that the number of nerve fibers available for passage may play a rôle in the speed with which infection occurs with this virus. When pseudorabies virus was inoculated into an area of inflammation its effects were markedly lessened. Similar experiments with unmodified equine encephalomyelitis virus which, unlike pseudorabies, does not ascend along local nerves, showed no impedance of infection. Brain trauma did not change the rate of infection with the viruses of St. Louis encephalitis, herpes, or pseudorabies. But intraperitoneal injection of glycerine, followed by intramuscular inoculation of St. Louis virus, resulted in marked facilitation of infection, as already remarked of fixed equine encephalomyelitis virus. This phenomenon did not occur with pseudorabies or herpes. In contrast to certain other viruses, pseudorabies and herpes viruses were only slightly more effective in young mice than in adults. With St. Louis virus, as with fixed equine encephalomyelitis viruses, inoculation into the eye or nose was far more effective than other peripheral routes. This was not the case with pseudorabies. Herpes, however, also showed greater sensitivity of the intraocular route. After injection into the eye, St. Louis and fixed equine encephalomyelitis viruses invaded the optic pathway, while herpes and pseudorabies avoided the optic fibers and attacked the trigeminal nerve. These phenomena are discussed in the light of cellufugal and cellupetal progression of viruses. The similarities in the action of fixed equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses are discussed and contrasted with herpes and pseudorabies.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Mediating In Vivo Vascular Responses to Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Essential and Peripheral Circulations in the Fetus
Authors: A.S. Thakor, D.A. Giussani
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cardiovascular regulation is gaining clinical and scientific interest. In the adult, in vivo studies have shown that CGRP-stimulated vasodilation in several vascular beds depends, at least in part, on nitric oxide (NO). However, whether CGRP acts as a vasodilator in the fetus in vivo and whether this effect is mediated via NO have been addressed only minimally. This study tested the hypothesis that CGRP has potent NO-dependent vasodilator actions in essential and peripheral vascular beds in the fetus in late gestation.Under anesthesia, 5 fetal sheep at 0.8 gestation were instrumented with vascular catheters and Transonic flow probes around an umbilical artery and a femoral artery. Five days later, fetuses received 2- and 5-microg doses of exogenous CGRP intra-arterially in randomized order. Doses were repeated during NO blockade with the NO clamp. This technique permits blockade of de novo synthesis of NO while compensating for tonic production of the gas, thereby maintaining basal cardiovascular function. CGRP resulted in potent and long-lasting NO-dependent dilation in the umbilical and femoral circulations, hypotension, and a positive cardiac chronotropic effect. During NO blockade, the femoral vasodilator response to CGRP was diminished. In contrast, in the umbilical vascular bed, the dilator response was not only prevented but reversed to vasoconstriction.CGRP has potent NO-dependent vasodilator actions in fetal essential and peripheral vascular beds. CGRP-induced NO-dependent effects in the umbilical vascular bed may provide an important mechanism in the control and maintenance of umbilical blood flow during pregnancy.
IMPACT OF ETIOLOGY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ON POST–PROCEDURAL MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Ryan K. Kaple, Sean Wilson, Polydoros Kampaktsis, Amiran Baduashvili, Micheas Zemedkun, Htoo Kyaw, Geoffrey Bergman, Robert Minutello, Richard Devereux, Arash Salemi, Karl Krieger, Evelyn Horn, Shing–Chiu Wong, Fay Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Patient Safety Strategies Targeted at Diagnostic Errors
Authors: Kathryn M. McDonald, Brian Matesic, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Julia Lonhart, Eric Schmidt, Noelle Pineda, John P.A. Ioannidis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Missed, delayed, or incorrect diagnosis can lead to inappropriate patient care, poor patient outcomes, and increased cost. This systematic review analyzed evaluations of interventions to prevent diagnostic errors. Searches used MEDLINE (1966 to October 2012), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Network, bibliographies, and prior systematic reviews. Studies that evaluated any intervention to decrease diagnostic errors in any clinical setting and with any study design were eligible, provided that they addressed a patient-related outcome. Two independent reviewers extracted study data and rated study quality. There were 109 studies that addressed 1 or more intervention categories: personnel changes (n = 6), educational interventions (n = 11), technique (n = 23), structured process changes (n = 27), technology-based systems interventions (n = 32), and review methods (n = 38). Of 14 randomized trials, which were rated as having mostly low to moderate risk of bias, 11 reported interventions that reduced diagnostic errors. Evidence seemed strongest for technology-based systems (for example, text message alerting) and specific techniques (for example, testing equipment adaptations). Studies provided no information on harms, cost, or contextual application of interventions. Overall, the review showed a growing field of diagnostic error research and categorized and identified promising interventions that warrant evaluation in large studies across diverse settings.
Symptomatic pancreatic heterotopia treated by local excision.
Authors: D J De Friend, F W Saa-Gandi, C S Humphrey, D N Foster
Journal: Gut (1991)

Non-ulcer dyspepsia is a continuing problem and in many cases a precise cause is never identified. We present five patients with an allegedly uncommon condition--pancreatic heterotopia. They were managed by local excision of the tumour and after a mean (range) follow up of 42 (9-80) months all remain free of the original symptoms.
Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in obese subjects: A minimal model analysis
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Yoshikatu Nakai, Kentaro Doi, Hiroaki Fukuzawa, Mitsuo Fukushima, Hitomi Kawamura, Kumpei Tokuyama, Masashige Suzuki, Junzo Fujitani, Hiroaki Tanaka, Itaru Nagata
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
Evolving concepts in the management of congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. A multicenter study.
Authors: E Villain, V L Vetter, J M Garcia, J Herre, A Cifarelli, A Garson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We reviewed the records of 26 infants with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) from seven institutions to examine the evolution in the management of this tachycardia that is difficult to treat. JET was defined electrocardiographically as an incessant tachycardia with normal QRS morphology and atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. The ventricular rate ranged from 140 to 370 beats/min (mean, 230 beats/min); 16 of 26 patients had cardiac failure. Treatment success was defined as a stable decrease in the rate of JET, below 150 beats/min; partial success was a significant decrease of JET rate with alleviation of symptoms. All patients received digoxin with no significant effect. Propranolol was given to 16 patients, with two successes and one partial success. Combinations of other conventional agents were used in 11 patients with two successes; 14 patients were treated with amiodarone, which resulted in eight successes and three partial successes; three patients died suddenly on medical treatment (amiodarone, one patient; propranolol, one patient; or amiodarone plus propranolol, one patient); sudden AV block was a possible cause and consequently, two later patients had pacemaker implantation as well as medical treatment. His catheter ablation was successfully performed twice but contributed to death in a newborn; three surgical His ablations were performed for intractable JET with two successes and one death. The overall mortality was 35%. Among survivors, treatment has been stopped without any complications in five patients ranging in age from 10 months to 8 years (mean, 3.5 years). It seems that amiodarone alone is the best drug for treatment of congenital JET; necessity for permanent pacing remains unsettled. His ablation should be reserved only for intractable JET.
Selective expansion of polyfunctional pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells in HIV-1–infected patients with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Yolanda D. Mahnke, Jamieson H. Greenwald, Rebecca DerSimonian, Gregg Roby, Lis R. V. Antonelli, Alan Sher, Mario Roederer, Irini Sereti
Journal: Blood (2012)
WT1 mutation in 470 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia: stability during disease evolution and implication of its incorporation into a survival scoring system
Authors: Hsin-An Hou, Tai-Chung Huang, Liang-In Lin, Chieh-Yu Liu, Chien-Yuan Chen, Wen-Chien Chou, Jih-Luh Tang, Mei-Hsuan Tseng, Chi-Fei Huang, Ying-Chieh Chiang, Fen-Yu Lee, Ming-Chih Liu, Ming Yao, Shang-Yi Huang, Bor-Sheng Ko, Szu-Chun Hsu, Shang-Ju Wu, Woei Tsay, Yao-Chang Chen, Hwei-Fang Tien
Journal: Blood (2010)
A British Medical Association Lecture ON ENDOCRINOLOGY FROM THE PHYSICIAN'S POINT OF VIEW
Authors: A. E. Gow
Journal: BMJ (1924)

ENDOCRINOLOGY is a subject to wllicll I lay no claim to speak with special authoritv, but as tlle ductless glands play their part, and a very important part, in all phases of physiology, a knowledge of their maini-functions is essential to the rational carrying on of our work, whatever thle branclh in which we may be particularly interested.In no department of medicine has the output of literature beeni so profuse or voluminous durinig recent years as in that concerned with the ductless glands, but we are still in the dark as to the true functions of many of them.They, like the blood-forming tissues, are situate, with few excep- tions, in inaccessible parts of the body, and the interaction of one with the other is so intinmate, yet var iable in different species, that the correct interpretation of results of experimental research presents great difficulty.Over- entliusiasm in the medical profession has been seized upon and absorbed by many of the manufacturinig chemists, who lhave also rushed into print urging practitioners to add this or that extract to their armamenitarium long before any therapeutic value could be riglltly assigned to it, and this in turn has influenced the public-" Mv doctor prescribes so-
75Se-selenomethionine in the scintiscan diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: A. L. W. F. Eddleston, M. O. Rake, A. P. Pagaltsos, S. B. Osborn, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1971)

Forty-eight patients with `cold areas9 on <sup>99m</sup>Tc sulphur colloid liver scintiscans were scanned again using <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine. In 11 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma considerable uptake of <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine could be demonstrated in the area of the tumour and uptake of <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine was also observed over extrahepatic metastases in two of these cases. In contrast uptake was low in cholangiocellular carcinoma, Kupffer cell sarcoma, and secondary hepatic deposits (excepting melanoma metastases). No cause for the `cold area9 on the <sup>99m</sup>Tc scan could be discovered in 16 of 25 patients with cirrhosis and in these patients the uptake of the two isotopes in the area of the `false positive9 filling defect was almost equal. Positive identification of primary hepatocellular tumours using this dual scanning technique can be of value in determining and assessing treatment by surgery or cytotoxic therapy.
Abstract P2-16-01: Overall Survival Data from SOLTI-0701: A Multinational, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase 2b Study Evaluating the Oral Combination of Sorafenib and Capecitabine in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: P Gomez, H Roché, F Costa, JGM Segalla, H Pinczowski, EM Ciruelos, S Cabral Filho, B Van Eyll, J. Baselga
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Sorafenib (SOR) is an oral multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activity. We previously reported data from the primary analysis of SOLTI-0701 demonstrating a progressionfree survival (PFS) benefit with the oral regimen of SOR + capecitabine (CAP) vs placebo (PL)+CAP in patients with advanced breast cancer (BC). Here we describe overall survival (OS), a secondary endpoint of SOLTI-0701. Methods: SOLTI-0701 is a multinational (Brazil, France, Spain) phase 2b study in HER2-negative patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC and ≥1 prior chemo regimen for advanced BC. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive CAP (1000 mg/m2 po, twice daily [BID], 14 of every 21 days) with PL or SOR (400 mg po, BID). The primary endpoint was PFS. The sample size was estimated at 220 patients based on patient accrual projections and the estimated rate of PFS events. OS analysis was planned after 120 events. Results: A total of 229 patients were enrolled (115 SOR+CAP and 114 PL+CAP) from August 2007 to December 2008. Treatment arms were balanced for age (mean 55.2 y), ECOG status 0 (68%) and 1 (30%), stage IV disease (91%), and visceral metastases (75%). In the primary analysis, median PFS was 6.4 mo for the SOR arm vs 4.1 mo for the PL arm (hazard ratio 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.81; 1-sided P=0.0006); the most common Grade 3/4 toxicity was hand-foot skin reaction/syndrome (45% vs 13%, respectively); discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events was infrequent (15% vs 7%, respectively). OS data are expected by the 3rd quarter of this year and will be presented, as well as updated safety data. Conclusions: The oral combination of SOR+CAP significantly improved PFS in patients with advanced BC. The regimen was tolerable with a manageable toxicity profile. An ongoing phase 3 registration trial is evaluating the combination of SOR+CAP for advanced BC. The secondary endpoint of OS will better characterize the potential role of SOR in advanced BC as randomized controlled trials thus far have yet to demonstrate any survival benefit with antiangiogenic agents. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-01.
Principles of Drug Action: The Basis of Pharmacology
Authors: Joseph R. DiPalma
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The appearance of a text which is almost completely devoted to the theory of drug action, and in fact covers no particular drug in a systematic fashion, emphasizes the remarkable growth of pharmacology as a science. At a molecular level and in an orderly manner it dissects and demonstrates the logic by which man has attained the ability to control living processes of all types by the use of chemicals. About a third of the text is devoted to drug-receptor interaction, absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs, and drug metabolism. Another large section is directed toward more general principles such as the time course of drug action, idiosyncrasy and pharmacogenetics, drug resistance and tolerance, and physical dependence. The newer fields of chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis as well as teratogenesis are extensively covered. A section which deals with drug development and the theoretical aspects of clinical pharmacology serves to illustrate some
Staging Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Evolution and Change
Authors: D. Kotilingam, D. C. Lev, A. J. F. Lazar, R. E. Pollock
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is an extremely heterogeneous group of rare tumors that share a putative mesenchymal cell origin. STS can occur in any soft tissue in the body, yet all share a common feature of primarily disseminating hematogenously, particularly to the lungs. Staging for STS is particularly useful in prognosis, design of effective multimodality treatment programs, and comparing treatment outcomes from different centers and different eras. The current iteration of AJCC STS staging includes Tumor, Grade, Node, and Metastasis with "a" indicating superficial and "b" indicating deep designations. Further opportunities to improve this process exist, particularly as molecular considerations become more apparent, and future evolution into an even more useful STS staging system can be anticipated.