tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and the Liver
Authors: CLARKE STOUT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 July 1974Alcohol and the LiverCLARKE STOUT, M.D.CLARKE STOUT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-124_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their editorial "Significance of Alcohol-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients with Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia" (Ann Intern Med80:270-271, 1974), Drs. Mendelson and Mello state that sustained high alcohol intake has not produced clear evidence of cirrhosis in any experimental animal studies. This statement now needs to be amended, since Rubin and Lieber (1) have just reported cirrhosis in two baboons kept on high alcohol intake for 4 years. Three of the 13 baboons in the experiment developed the typical morphologic changes of alcoholic hepatitis after 9 to 12 months on high alcohol intake, and all the animals showed...Reference References1. RUBINLIEBER EC: Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis produced by alcohol in primates. N Engl J Med 290:128-135, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. LIEBERJONESMENDELSON CDJ: Fatty liver, hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia produced by prolonged alcohol consumption, despite adequate dietary intake. Trans Assoc Am Phys 76:289-300, 1963 Google Scholar2. FEINMANLIEBER LC: Hepatic collagen metabolism: effect of alcohol consumption in rats and baboons (report). Science 176:795, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas 77550 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 124-125KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholsCirrhosisHepatitisLiver Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2862: Deregulated GSK3β sustains gastrointestinal cancer cells by modulating hTERT and telomerase
Authors: Toshinari Minamoto, Wei Mai, Satoru Kyo, Abbas Shakoori, Katsuyoshi Miyashita, Kenji Yokoi, Takeo Shimasaki, Yoshiharu Motoo, Kazuyuki Kawakami
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) regulates multiple cell signaling pathways and has been implicated in glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammation. We investigated the expression, activity, and putative pathologic role of GSK3β in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and liver cancers. Experimental Design: Colon, stomach, pancreatic, and liver cancer cell lines; nonneoplastic HEK293 cells; and matched pairs of normal and tumor tissues of stomach and colon cancer patients were examined for GSK3β expression and its phosphorylation at serine 9 (inactive form) and tyrosine 216 (active form) by Western immunoblotting and for GSK3β activity by in vitro kinase assay. The effects of small-molecule GSK3β inhibitors and of RNA interference on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis were examined in vitro and on human colon cancer cell xenografts in athymic mice. The effects of GSK3β inhibition on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression and telomerase activity were compared between colon cancer and HEK293 cells. Results: Cancer cell lines and most cancer tissues showed increased GSK3β expression and increased tyrosine 216 phosphorylation and activity but decreased serine 9 phosphorylation compared with HEK293 cells and nonneoplastic tissues. Inhibition of GSK3β resulted in attenuated cell survival and proliferation and increased apoptosis in most cancer cell lines and in HT-29 xenografts in rodents but not in HEK293 cells. GSK3β inhibition in colon cancer cells was associated with decreased hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Conclusion: The results indicate that deregulated GSK3β sustains gastrointestinal cancer cells survival through modulation of hTERT and telomerase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2862. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2862
Policy on antiviral drugs needs to be revised ...
Authors: P. M English, K. Carroll, A. Majeed, T. Sundkvist, S. Millership, S. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (2009)

UK swine flu policy recommends antiviral agents for febrile patients with two or more symptoms of flu-like illness, up to seven days from onset.1 Thus, even with comparatively low rates of flu-like illness, many people are prescribed antiviral agents. We lack a clear evidence base that this policy is effective in clinical, public health, and economic terms, and that we are …
Pilot study of topical delivery of methotrexate by electroporation
Authors: T-W. Wong, Y-L. Zhao, A. Sen, S.W. Hui
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The topical administration of methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of psoriasis and neoplastic diseases is restricted by the poor diffusion of MTX across the stratum corneum.We applied electroporation to increase the transdermal transport of MTX.Electrodes were placed either side-by-side on the surface of excised full thickness pig skin, or on a piece of skin clamped between compartments of a vertical diffusion chamber. Sixty rectangular electric pulses at 120 V, 1 ms and 1 Hz were applied across the skin. MTX was left on the skin surface for an additional 10 min to take advantage of diffusion through electropores. Cumulative drug transport was measured by radioactive tracing, using [3H]-methotrexate, from punch biopsy samples taken from under the cathode. The integrity of the radioisotope was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography.Using side-by-side electrodes, treatment with the pulses alone resulted in a 2.5-fold increase; adding anionic lipid enhancers to the pulses resulted in a 4.4-fold enhancement compared with passive diffusion. Concurrent iontophoresis for the 11-min time period made a nonsignificant contribution. To reduce tissue resistance we used 40 degrees C hyperthermia in a vertical diffusion chamber; transport was increased 11-fold to 53 microg cm(-2) (flux = 290 microg cm(-2) h(-1)). MTX penetration profiles indicated that more than half of the MTX was confined to the epidermis and papillary dermis. The tissue concentration in this superficial reactive unit was 1.7 mmol L(-1).Electroporation of MTX with an anion lipid enhancer under a mild hyperthermic environment provided a significant transdermal delivery within a short application time. The method may be an effective means of drug delivery for treating psoriasis or other MTX-sensitive disorders and avoids the potential systemic toxicity.
Observations on the Atria of the Human Heart by Direct and Semidirect Electrocardiography
Authors: R. WENGER, D. HOFMANN-CREDNER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

By evaluation of direct electrocardiographic leads from the right atrium and semidirect esophageal leads from the left atrium, "atriodiagrams" have been constructed for both atria. The spread of activation in the atria has been studied under normal conditions as well as in cases of mitral heart disease, cor pulmonale, etc. In cases of doubtful enlargement of the left atrium, esophageal electrocardiograms may be helpful for diagnosis. In six cases of auricular flutter the results were not uniform.
Clinical Observations on Fasting as a Therapeutic Measure for Obese Patients.
Authors: Garfield G. Duncan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Clinical Observations on Fasting as a Therapeutic Measure for Obese Patients.Garfield G. Duncan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Garfield G. Duncan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-716_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClinical observations of approximately 600 problem cases of obesity over the past 2 years indicate: (1) The innocence and effectiveness of intermittent fasts as a reducing measure over prolonged periods. (2) A high incidence of newly detected diabetes—the total exceeding 40% of patients observed. (3) A high incidence of benign hypertension associated with excessive water retention. Reductions of 6 to 10 pounds during the first day of fasting are not unusual. (4) Restricted salt intake exerts a stabilizing effect on those obese patients who ordinarily gain weight on submaintenance diets. (5) The regular development of hyperuricemia during fasts. Hyperuricemia in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Garfield G. Duncan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4 Page: 716-716 Keywords Diet Hypertension Obesity Overweight Salts Weight gain ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
A 48-Year-Old Man With Recurrent Sinusitis, 1 Year Later
Authors: Richard A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXOID IN THE TREATMENT OF PUSTULAR DERMATOSES
Authors: DANIEL J. KINDEL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Favorable results have recently been reported with the use of staphylococcus toxoid in the treatment of certain pyogenic infections of the skin. Dolman<sup>1</sup>has brought down to date the present knowledge of the subject and has reported some interesting results of his own work. He prepared his own toxoid, standardized it on animals and determined the antibody (or immunologic) titer of the patients' blood during the course of treatment. Twenty-eight patients were treated, suffering from boils, pustular acne, severe pustular dermatitis, eczematoid recurrent infections and other staphylococcic infections. Apparent cure of the infection in each case occurred soon after treatment was begun, when an average total dose of 2 cc. was given subcutaneously in eight doses. In view of several favorable reports, and also because commercial preparations of toxoid were soon to be put on the market, it was decided to make a study of the clinical effects of
Improving patient safety through training in non-technical skills
Authors: R. Flin, R. Patey
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As in aviation, education should occur early in the core curriculum

To reduce iatrogenic injury, healthcare organisations have been encouraged to adopt approaches from high risk industries—most notably aviation—that focus on human factors. The best known of these methods is crew resource management (CRM) training, designed to reduce human error by enhancing non-technical skills such as situation awareness, decision making, and teamwork.

Although CRM programmes are widely used in aviation, and mandated in many countries, measurable effects on safety outcomes remain elusive, partly because commercial aircraft accidents are infrequent. Although some studies have reported changes in behaviour, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of CRM training only found significant improvements in trainees’ attitudes to safety.1

Varieties of CRM training are being adopted for multiprofessional groups of clinical staff who have had no previous education in non-technical skills. Some courses focus on teamwork,2 others cover a range of topics.3 Although training in multidisciplinary teams has some benefits, it is not the ideal method for teaching …
Serum Osmolality
Authors: F. John Gennari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The serum osmolality measurement has a clearly circumscribed use in clinical medicine. Comparison of the measured osmolality with the osmolality calculated from the concentrations of the major solutes in serum gives information about large deviations in the serum water content. In addition, comparison of the measured and calculated values of osmolality provides rapid screening information about the presence of foreign low-molecular-weight solutes in the blood. Taken at face value, the test cannot be used to determine whether abnormalities in tonicity homeostasis are present. A simple and direct way to assess whether tonicity is normal is to calculate the effective osmolality from the concentrations of sodium and glucose in serum. With rare exceptions, this calculation provides the information needed to make decisions about therapy.
Bilirubin induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in developing rat brain neurons
Authors: Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Susana Solá, Dora Brites
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin, the end-product of heme catabolism, are detrimental to the central nervous system. To examine the role of apoptosis in bilirubin-induced toxicity and to characterize the biochemical pathway of cell death, we exposed developing rat brain neurons to purified unconjugated bilirubin at concentrations below and above saturation of human serum albumin. Isolated neurons treated with bilirubin showed increased levels of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c was extensively released and accumulated in cytosol. Consistent with this observation, caspase-3 was activated and the full-length substrate poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP) degraded, even in the presence of very modestly elevated concentrations of bilirubin. In parallel, all events were prevented in cells preincubated with ursodeoxycholate. Further experiments showed that bilirubin diminished mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ m ) and increased mitochondrial-associated Bax protein levels, while directly disrupting membrane lipid and protein structure. In conclusion, bilirubin induces mitochondrial depolarization and Bax translocation via physical interaction with membranes, mediating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in neurons exposed to bilirubin. These results provide a novel insight into the mechanism of bilirubin-induced toxicity.
Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency
Authors: Robert G M Sellars
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Evidence based medicine: does it make a difference? Use wiselyEditor-The term "evidence based medicine" entered the scientific lexicon only a little more than a decade ago. 1 What caused its remarkable spread, and what are the implications of its broad and rapid diffusion?The team that coined the term at first considered using the phrase "scientific medicine" but rejected it because it implied that other approaches were by definition unscientific. 2However, critics have argued that the term evidence based medicine carries a similar moral valence and linguistic slipperiness. 3 Who could argue against the notion of providing care that integrates individual clinical skill and the best external evidence? 4 Originally developed as a method for teaching medical residents, evidence based medicine is being applied ever more broadly to the organisation and delivery of medical services.Multiple stakeholders now seek to assume its mantle for purposes that often contradict its original intent.Managers, equating lack of evidence with lack of effectiveness, use it as a rationale for cutting services.Industry generates evidence of questionable quality to promote its products.Medical researchers come to believe that they hold a monopoly on generating and interpreting evidence.Evidence based medicine, developed as a means of taming the unscientific and messy world of clinical practice, has itself entered the unscientific and messy world of politics. 5ike any technology, evidence based medicine carries risks and benefits and can be used appropriately or inappropriately.Overly inclusive definitions threaten to deprive the term of meaning, and unchecked use increases the risk of misuse.In the past decade, evidence based medicine has contributed much to how we teach, deliver, and think about clinical services.In the coming decade, we must continue to ensure that it is not only used widely but wisely.
Cotinine Level, CYP2A6 Polymorphism and Persistent Wheeze in Young Children: The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)
Authors: J BIAGINI, G KHURANAHERSHEY, P PAL, R DEKA, J BURKLE, L LEVIN, D BERNSTEIN, M VILLAREAL, J LOCKEY, G LEMASTERS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Ilioportal Shunt During a Venogram/Lung Scan
Authors: MARGARET M. LaMANNA, JANET A. PARKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

An interesting case of ilioportal shunting in a patient with seminoma and infrarenal thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, iliac and femoral veins is presented. This case demonstrates the utility of the nuclear venogram/lung scan for revealing venous collaterals in an ilioportal shunt, and illustrates shunting of femoral venous drainage into the mesenteric circulation, the portal veins, and the liver.
Challenging the evidence for graduated compression stockings
Authors: L. Whittaker, T. Baglin, A. Vuylsteke
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Welfare highlights important points surrounding the recommended use of anticoagulants to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE).1 We highlight problems surrounding National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations that all hospital inpatients, excluding those with stroke, are considered for mechanical prophylaxis. This is most commonly translated as graduated compression stockings.2 These recommendations were based on a Cochrane review3 and a trial in patients …
Suppression of sleep-related prolactin secretion and enhancement of sleep-related growth hormone secretion.
Authors: W B Mendelson, L S Jacobs, J D Reichman, E Othmer, P E Cryer, B Trivedi, W H Daughaday
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Methysergide, a clinically-used blocker of serotonin receptors, was administered to 10 normal young men at a dose of 2 mg every 6 h for 48 h. After drug treatment, serum levels of growth hormone during sleep were 41.9% higher than placebo values (less than 0.001). In contrast, drug treatment was associated with a 36.4% decrease in stimulated growth hormone secretion during insulin tolerance testing (P less than 0.01). These opposite effects of methysergide suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for sleep-related and insulin-induced growth hormone secretion. Accordingly, data obtained with pharmacologic stimuli may lead to erroneous inferences regarding physiologic growth hormone control mechanisms. Administration of methysergide profoundly suppressed sleep-related prolactin secretion; overall nocturnal mean prolactin fell by 70.3% from 4.30+/-0.19 to 1.28+/-0.06 ng/ml (P less than 0.0001). It appears that serotonin may be significant modulating neurotransmitter for the control of growth hormone secretion, limiting sleep-related release, and enhancing insulin-induced release. It seems likely from these data that the role of serotonin in the control of prolactin secretion is relatively more important, since serotonin receptor blockade dramatically reduced sleep-related prolactin secretion.
David Anthony Furniss
Authors: D. Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Leeds (b Leeds 1927; q Leeds 1956), d 14 July 2002.


David Furniss did his national service in the East Yorkshire Regiment. After preregistration jobs he set up in general practice, building up a full list in 15 years. He was a polymath with a profound knowledge of monasteries, ceramics—especially Wedgwood 



—numismatics, industrial archaeology, and tramcars, and he was the author of an eclectic list of papers about these interests. Urbane, quick witted, and waspish, he was also a local medical committee chairman, a trainer, and a radio doctor. He leaves a wife, Mary, and a son.
Computer Procedures for Psychiatric Classification
Authors: John E. Overall, Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1964)

FORTUNATELY we need to know neither the causes nor mechanisms involved in disease processes in order to recognize their presence and treat them effectively. In spite of progress in medical science which has led to the understanding of physicochemical processes involved in many disorders, many areas remain in which we must rely on descriptive definition in terms of signs, symptoms, and laboratory measures. In the area of functional psychotic disorders, diagnostic classification of patients is still largely based upon symptom characteristics. The nature and variety of symptoms found in psychiatric patients makes diagnosis a formidable task for the clinician. At a time when computer capabilities are being seriously considered in other areas of medical diagnosis 1-3 examination of the usefulness of these techniques for psychiatric diagnostic classification seemed worthwhile.  Psychiatric Classifications  The present article briefly summarizes progress made to date in the development and evaluation of several different computer procedures
Role of the Child Psychiatrist
Authors: P. O. Nicholas
Journal: BMJ (1965)

can the patient be given a sense of continuity. in the process of treatment.By such means it is also possible to avoid the sudden last-minute urgent admission of a dying patient to a totally strange hospital for the final few hours of a prolonged illness; this is not terminal care but terminal mis- management.If patients are to be trans- ferred for terminal care in geriatric units it is desirable that the prognosis should be assessed in weeks or months rather than days.On the other hand, it must also be acknow- ledged that unexpected remissions can occur when it may be desirable for the patient to return home for a time.There are, among 114 women in this hospital to-day, two cases of carcinoma of breast admitted for " terminal care" 21 months and 32 months ago.If, as Dr. Morton states, the teaching hos- pitals fail to set a good example to their students in managing terminal cases of cancer, this particularly thoughtless form of man's mutual inhumanity will bee perpetuated.-I am, etc.
Diagnosis of Allograft Renal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: DOMINIQUE DELBEKE, GLYNIS A. SACKS, MARTIN P. SANDLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Allograft renal vein thrombosis has been reported in 1 to 4% of the renal transplants. Salvage of the graft is possible only if there is prompt recognition and operative intervention. We present the case of a living-related renal transplant that was salvaged because of early diagnosis of allograft renal vein thrombosis by correlation of the radioisotopic angiogram, renogram and duplex doppler sonography.
Pharmacologically active microcarriers releasing glial cell line – derived neurotrophic factor: Survival and differentiation of embryonic dopaminergic neurons after grafting in hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Valérie M. Tatard, Laurence Sindji, Jennifer (Godbee) Branton, Anne Aubert-Pouëssel, Jacqueline Colleau, Jean-Pierre Benoit, Claudia N. Montero-Menei
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)