tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The great exterminator of children.
Authors: D. Logie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Time is running out. Major contributors to declines in the health of Brazilian children, particularly street children, are the international debt crisis, the reverse flow of capital from the South to the North, and economic adjustment policies. There are medical consequences and an ecological debt. There is a question about the merits of having the poor pay for the folly of bad, past government decisions. All the major charities campaigned against repayment of debt. Banks are only exposed to 3% of their total assets in Third World debt, and are receiving tax relief for non repayment. Austerity programs have meant cuts in health and education, and diversion of food, wages, and welfare to producing exports in order to repay the debt. The message is earn more and spend less. The poor are hit the hardest, particularly by rising food prices. Diseases which were though to be eradicated are coming back. After decades of economic advances, countries are slipping back into mass poverty. Cuts in food subsidies or health care and family planning affect women and overpopulation. Land is being usurped from peasant farmers and tropical forests destroyed; urbanization has led to abandonment of 8 million children on the streets. The 1989 Brady plan suggests trading commercial debt for lower priced bonds which could be purchased by big business or even by the country itself. The deals tend to be complex. So far only 6 countries have benefited. Another proposal is English Prime Minister John Major's Trinidad Terms of September 1990, which is directed to low income country debtors. In December 1991 the UK cancelled 50% of the debt to the poorest countries over the next 3 years. The US and Australia have set up rescheduling agreements. World Bank debt is still in question. Commercial banks should also make an offer of relief. It is suggested that doctors unite in an organization called Physicians Against International Debt-PAID to lobby banks, governments, and the international community to make human development a priority and reduce debt.
MHC Class II alleles in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: M M Garrity-Park, E V Loftus, W J Sandborn, S C Bryant, T C Smyrk
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Patients with ulcerative colitis are at risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although prior studies have shown a link between HLA genotypes and ulcerative colitis (UC) susceptibility, none have investigated HLA genotypes and UC-CRC. We therefore investigated HLA-DR/DQ alleles in UC-CRC cases and UC-controls. Furthermore, since methylation of the Class II transactivator (CIITA) gene may silence HLA expression in tumours, we correlated HLA allele frequencies with CIITA gene methylation and HLA-DR expression. <h3>Methods:</h3> Cases and controls were matched for duration/extent of ulcerative colitis, age, ethnicity and gender, but not for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). DNA was extracted from archived tissue blocks from 114 UC-CRC cases and 114 UC-controls. HLA-DR/DQ genotyping was performed using sequence-specific-oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (SSO-PCR). CIITA methylation was determined using methylation-specific PCR. HLA-DR immunohistochemistry was done following standard protocols. <h3>Results:</h3> UC-CRC cases were more likely than UC-controls to carry the DR17 or DR13 alleles (p&lt;0.0001 or p = 0.02, respectively). Although CIITA methylation did not vary significantly between cases and controls, DR17 and DQ2 were associated with CIITA methylation (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). UC-controls more frequently carried the DR7, DR1 or DQ5 alleles (p = 0.002, 0.05 or 0.01, respectively). After adjusting for PSC, DR17 remained significantly associated with an increased risk for UC-CRC while DR7 and DQ5 remained protective. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> We report a significant association between specific HLA alleles and either the risk for (DR17) or protection from (DR7, DQ5) UC-CRC. This suggests a possible genetic predisposition for increased UC-CRC risk. In addition, DQ2 and DR17 were associated with CIITA methylation.
Specific histologic features of Santa Marta hepatitis: A severe form of hepatitis δ-virus infection in Northern South America
Authors: Bernardo Buitrago, Hans Popper, Stephen C. Hadler, Swan N. Thung, Michael A. Gerber, Robert H. Purcell, James E. Maynard
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Stimulated by observations in an outbreak of hepatitis delta-virus infection among Yucpa Indians in Venezuela, in which unusual histologic features were found, we studied 100 cases of fatal hepatitis from Colombia, South America, which had been obtained by autopsy or viscerotomy. These cases were considered to be "Santa Marta hepatitis," or "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta," which has been observed in this region for more than 40 years. Of the 100 cases, 19 had a variety of histologic lesions or were normal, and hepatitis delta-virus antigen was not demonstrated immunocytochemically in any of them. By contrast, 81 cases had a characteristic histologic picture with intense microvesicular steatosis associated with conspicuous eosinophilic necrosis of the hepatocytes, which apparently were sluggishly removed by cytolysis. Hepatitis delta-virus antigen was detected in 70% of the 81 cases, and the absence of detection of this antigen was often associated with poor tissue preservation and more extensive hepatocyte necrosis. A smaller percentage of patients had hepatitis B virus antigens detectable in liver tissue. The characteristic lesion in these 81 cases could be distinguished from other causes of microvesicular steatosis by the extensive eosinophilic necrosis. Other variable accompanying features included intraacinar, mainly macrophagic, scavenger cell inflammation, intense portal inflammation, a parenchymal regeneration, and ductular and arteriolar proliferation. Santa Marta hepatitis as a severe form of hepatitis delta-virus infection differs markedly from fulminant delta-hepatitis in Europe and the United States in which the microsteatosis with marked eosinophilic degeneration is not found. The causes for these differences are unknown but may relate to nutritional factors or environmental toxins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1172-72 Combination evidence-based therapy improves survival after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Brahmajee K Nallamothu, Debabrata Mukherjee, Stanley Chetcuti, Paul M Grossman, Rupal Dumasia, Eva Kline-Rogers, Bertram Pitt, Kim A Eagle, Mauro Moscucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
HIV vector production mediated by rev protein transduction
Authors: Claudia M Kowolik, Priscilla Yam, Ying Yu, Jiing-Kuan Yee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

HIV-1-based vectors are promising tools for gene therapy because of their ability to integrate into nondividing cells. Their safety in clinical applications remains a major concern. Recombination events occurring among plasmid constructs during vector production could potentially lead to the generation of replication-competent viruses. The safety of HIV-1-based vectors can be improved by removing all regions of the viral genome that are not absolutely required for vector production or function. In this study, we demonstrate that the HIV-1 rev gene is dispensable for the production of HIV-1-based vectors if the vector-producing cells are supplied with purified Rev protein. We compared the efficiency of vector production among Rev, TAT-Rev (Rev fused to the protein transduction domain of the HIV TAT protein), and Rev/Pep-1 (Rev complexed with the carrier peptide Pep-1). Our results showed that 293T cells efficiently internalized TAT-Rev and Rev/Pep-1 and high-titer vector preparations were obtained with this approach. Vectors generated by such an approach showed little difference in their efficiencies of transduction of established cell lines and primary cells compared with vectors generated by standard plasmid cotransfection. Eliminating the requirement for the HIV-1 rev gene during vector production should improve the safety of applying HIV vectors in human clinical trials.
Should Blood Be Whole or in Parts?
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

FOR the restoration of homeostasis after acute massive hemorrhage, it appears that fresh compatible whole blood is the ideal transfusion. For other, less acute deficits some fraction of whole blood may better suit the patient's needs. Indeed, many patients are given whole-blood transfusion merely because it constitutes the most readily available source, and the least expensive vehicle for some single component or small group of blood components that are carried into the patient's veins along with the rest of the mixture.In these needs for various types of transfusion there is a slight difference in emphasis among the services of . . .
THE VENOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: ARNOLD STARR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Convincing evidence is rapidly accumulating that most pulmonary emboli of extracardiac origin arise from thrombophlebitis in the deep veins of the lower extremities.<sup>1</sup>The passage of an embolus from the leg to the lung can be prevented by division of the femoral vein. Indeed, Fine and Sears<sup>2</sup>have recently urged this procedure in all cases of deep thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity as the most effective prophylaxis against embolism. The prevention of pulmonary embolus depends on the early recognition of the venous thrombosis, but the clinical evidence of phlebitis may be equivocal or entirely lacking until a pulmonary infarct indicates its presence. A method which can establish the diagnosis and locate the side on which the process lies has been provided by the venographic technic recently described by Bauer.<sup>3</sup>The benefits of this diagnostic procedure are the subject of this communication. <h3>TECHNIC</h3> The patient lies on his
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism, Plasma Folate, Homocysteine, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians
Authors: Jing Ma, Meir J. Stampfer, Charles H. Hennekens, Phyllis Frosst, Jacob Selhub, Jonathan Horsford, M. Rene Malinow, Walter C. Willett, Rima Rozen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Hyperhomocysteinemia appears to be an independent risk factor for coronary disease. Elevated levels of plasma total homocysteine (tHCY) can result from genetic or nutrient-related disturbances in the transsulfuration or remethylation pathways for homocysteine metabolism. The enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant circulatory form of folate, which serves as a methyl donor for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. A common mutation in MTHFR recently has been identified.We assessed the polymorphism in MTHFR, plasma tHCY, and folate using baseline blood levels among 293 Physicians' Health Study participants who developed myocardial infarction (MI) during up to 8 years of follow-up and 290 control subjects. The frequency of the three genotypes was (-/-) (homozygous normal), 47%; (+/-) (heterozygous), 41%; and (+/+) (homozygous mutant), 12%, with a similar distribution among both MI case patients and control subjects. Compared with those with genotype (-/-), the relative risk (RR) of MI among those with (+/-) was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.5), and it was 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) for the (+/+) genotype; none of these RRs were statistically significant. However, those with genotype (+/+) had an increased mean tHCY level (mean +/- SEM, 12.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/ mL), compared with those with genotype (-/-) (10.6 +/- 0.3) (P < .01). This difference was most marked among men with low folate levels (the lowest quartile distribution of the control subjects): those with genotype (+/+) had tHCY levels of 16.0 +/- 1.1 nmol/mL, compared with 12.3 +/- 0.6 nmol/mL (P < .001) for genotype (-/-).In this population, MTHFR polymorphism was associated with higher homocysteine levels but not with risk of MI. A gene-environment interaction might increase the risk by elevating tHCY, especially when folate intake is low.
Variation in rates of hospital admission for appendicitis in Wales.
Authors: R R West, M J Carey
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a study designed to investigate the variations in rates of admission to hospital for appendicitis in Wales Hospital Activity Analysis listings were analysed according to the sex and age of the patients and the month and day of the week of admission. The incidence of hospitalisation was greatest among boys aged 10-14 and girls aged 15-19. The number of admissions was higher on weekdays than at weekends, but there were no seasonal variations. Durations of stay differed between the 17 health districts. We conclude that admission rates vary mainly because of differing hospital admission policies. Admission is not wholly governed by the sudden onset of abdominal pain; other factors include the threshold of consultation of each patient, the referral habits of general practitioners, the availability of hospital beds, and the degree to which doctors and patients expect admission.
The ICU Book
Authors: David J. Dries
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 October 1998The ICU BookDavid J. Dries, MSE, MDDavid J. Dries, MSE, MDUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The ICU Book; 2nd edition. Marino PL. 928 pages. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998. $55.00. ISBN 0683055658. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: Critical care medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Practitioners and trainees in critical care medicine, surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, and general internists.Purpose: To elucidate the principles of adult intensive care.Content: After a brief discussion of pertinent physiology, cardiopulmonary critical care and fluid management are the focus of this book. Other topics include respiratory failure and the use of mechanical ventilation. Smaller sections cover the infectious, neurologic, and nutritional aspects of critical care medicine.Highlights: Clear discussions of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 7Page: 596KeywordsCritical careDisseminated intravascular coagulationFluid managementHemodynamicsIntensive care unitsNutritionRespiratory failureSurgeonsVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dilip Kumar Mukerji
Authors: A. Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Born in rural West Bengal, not far from Calcutta, Dilip Kumar Mukerji studied medicine in one of the foremost medical institutions in India. Almost immediately after qualifying he went to the UK for further training at Fulham hospital. During this period he developed an interest in anaesthetics, which was ultimately to become his career. He went back to India to get married in 1960 and …
Apolipoprotein E allele in Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex
Authors: S.C. Waring, P.C. O'Brien, L.T. Kurland, S.N. Thibodeau, M-S. Tsai, R.C. Petersen, C.E. Esteban-Santillan
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
P45 SEQUENTIAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF HUMAN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS BY RNA SEQUENCING SUPPORTS INTENSIFIED SURVEILLANCE OF EARLY LESIONS TO PREVENT LATE STAGE ACQUISITION OF MALIGNANT TRAITS
Authors: J.U. Marquardt, D. Seo, J.B. Andersen, M.C. Gillen, M.S. Kim, E.C. Conner, P.R. Galle, V.M. Factor, Y.N. Park, S.S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
SHORTENED TELOMERE LENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN OLDER CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS REFERRED FOR ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: John Carlquist, Stacey Knight, Richard M. Cawthon, Benjamin Horne, Jeffrey Rollo, John Huntinghouse, Thomas Bunch, J. Muhlestein, Jeffrey Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Evaluating computerised health information systems: Health professionals should be closely involved in implementation
Authors: J. Ladner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Littlejohns et al identified the reasons for failure to implement a hospital information system in South Africa,1 but they do not emphasise the need for health professionals to be closely involved.

In 1997 we conducted a field test of prototype tools and information flows over six months, with the overall goal of developing a computerised …
Renal Response to Acid Load after Phenformin
Authors: G. Rooth, U. Bandman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Normally the kidneys respond to an acid load by increased ammonia production. In six patients with adult-type diabetes this response was reduced by a mean 50% after a therapeutic dose of phenformin. The reduced ability to compensate for acid loads may be one factor leading to metabolic acidosis and lactoacidosis sometimes associated with phenformin therapy.
Nicotine Dependence and WHO Mental Health Surveys—Reply
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, T. Bedirhan Üstün
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Government waters down changes to UK libel law by making it easier for companies to sue
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK coalition government has won a vote in the House of Commons removing a requirement in the Defamation Bill for companies to prove financial loss before being allowed to sue for libel.

The bill, which is intended to make the draconian libel laws in England and Wales more in favour of free speech, had been amended in the House of Lords to require companies to show financial loss to get permission to sue.

The amendment had been welcomed by free speech campaigners, who said that it would mitigate the power of corporations to use the libel laws to silence legitimate critics. …
Removal of a Foreign Substance from the Male Bladder by Lithotrity
Authors: W. Cadge
Journal: BMJ (1873)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To evaluate whether markers of the acute-phase response in patients presenting with arthralgia and positive anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and/or immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) could be predictive for the development of arthritis. <h3>Methods.</h3> In total, 137 ACPA- and/or IgM-RF-positive patients were included. Patients were followed annually for the development of arthritis, defined as presence of 1 or more swollen joints at clinical examination. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), procalcitonin (PCT), secretory phospholipase A2 (SPLA2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p70, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in baseline serum samples. Gene expression focusing on a predefined panel of genes coding for inflammatory molecules was measured by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. <h3>Results.</h3> Thirty-five patients (26%) developed arthritis within a median time of 11 months (interquartile range 3.7–18 mo). Circulating levels of cytokines, SPLA2, hsCRP, and PCT were not different between patients with progression to clinical arthritis and those without progression. However, a trend for IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and SPLA2 was observed. No correlation between messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory genes and progression to arthritis was found. Subgroup analysis of patients with early progression to arthritis showed higher levels of mRNA expression of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease and polycomb complex protein BMI-1 compared to patients without progression to arthritis. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Although low-grade inflammation is present before onset of clinical arthritis in large cohorts and can be detected using consecutive measurements, a single measurement of acute-phase reactants seems to have limited value for prediction of development of arthritis in individual patients.
JAMA Editorial Position and US Health System Reform
Authors: Robert F. Schilling
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Your cogent Editorial<sup>1</sup>about health care system reform has inspired a lighter analysis of this major problem I have entitled "The Verities From Alice in Nimbyland" (with apologies to L. Carroll). We have a moral obligation to provide universal access to high-quality health care, but thou shalt not raise my taxes. We absolutely must control health care costs, but thou shalt not ration care for my family. We must increase the number of primary care physicians, but thou shalt not restrict my free access to the specialists I choose. We must curtail the use of expensive, unproven new technology, but thou shalt not restrict my freedom to choose the tests and treatment my doctor and I want. We must reduce the cost of drugs, but thou shalt not question my choosing a new, expensive drug even though it has not been shown to be superior.
The additive antianginal action of oral nifedipine in patients receiving propranolol: magnitude and duration of effect.
Authors: M Bassan, D Weiler-Ravell, O Shalev
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Ten men with stable angina not completely relieved by full doses of propranolol (mean 218 mg/day) were administered an oral dose of 10 mg of nifedipine or placebo on alternate mornings in a double-blind fashion. Patients had been trained in a protocol that precipitated angina after 3-6 minutes of bicycle exercise. On test days, with propranolol continued, bicycle exercise to angina or fatigue was performed before nifedipine or placebo administration, and hourly thereafter for 8 hours. Mean exercise duration was greater 1 hour after nifedipine than after placebo by 123 seconds (372 +/- 21 vs 249 +/- 16 seconds, p less than 0.001). By the fifth hour, the increase in exercise time was reduced to 93 seconds (p less than 0.001), and a significant, though further diminished, difference of 57 seconds was still present at 8 hours (p less than 0.01). Nifedipine lowered resting systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) without appreciably changing heart rate. We conclude that nifedipine is a very effective and reasonably long-acting antianginal supplement to propranolol.