tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simulated driving performance coupled with driver behaviour can predict the risk of sleepiness-related car accidents
Authors: F. Pizza, S. Contardi, S. Mondini, F. Cirignotta
Journal: Thorax (2010)

In summary, these findings suggest that acute exposure to biomass smoke in women with small airways disease or restrictive lung disease is associated with blood deoxygenation, suggesting that in these individuals continued exposures may increase the risk of disease exacerbation.
706 NASH with pericentral fibrosis and neutrophil inflammation in mice overexpressing 11α-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase (HSD-1) in adipose tissue
Authors: Y. Popov, S. Mueller, B. Turner, N. Zinkin, I. Nasser, H. Masuzaki, J. Viereck, J. Hamilton, J. Flier, N. Afdhal, D. Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Control of the Splanchnic Circulation in Man
Authors: HENRY L. PRICE, LEE H. COOPERMAN, JOHN C. WARDEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Some effects of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, were studied in 20 normal, fasting, conscious men. The measurements made included cardiac output, splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption, arterial and hepatic venous blood pressure, and heart rate. The intravenous administration of propranolol (0.13 mg/kg) was followed by significant reductions in splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption, in cardiac output and in heart rate. Splanchnic perfusion pressure was unchanged; the splanchnic vascular resistance was significantly elevated. Previous treatment with glucose did not alter these findings. Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment lessened the increase in splanchnic vascular resistance which propranolol ordinarily caused. Ganglion-ic blockade with hexamethonium prevented all of the changes which propranolol produced in untreated individuals. These results may best be explained by assuming that the splanchnic circulation in man is influenced both by α receptors, which cause vasoconstriction when activated, and by β receptors, which when activated caused vasodilatation and increase oxygen consumption.
Rupture of Pregnant Uterus from Indirect Injury
Authors: G. Stapleton
Journal: BMJ (1937)

As very few cases of rupture of the uterus from indirect injury, when advanced in pregnancy, have been recorded, it was thought worth while to report the following case.Case Record A Hindu primigravida aged 17 was admitted on February 20, 1937, to the Lady Hardinge Hospital, New' Delhi, from a distant village.She was at full term, but had not come into labour, and the relatives were doubtful if the foetus was still alive, as the abdomen had been getting smaller since the patient had had a fall of some 12 feet from a first-floor veranda ten days previously.In other ways she was con- sidered to have entirely recovered from the accident.The full history was not obtained till some days later; it was then said that she had lost her balance over a low parapet and fallen on her right side, being stunned for four or five minutes.She was picked up, and for the next few days stayed in bed.She complained of pain, mostly over the right loin and hip, and vomited several times, but this passed off gradually, and by the end of about five days she was able to get up and take food as usual.The bowels acted normally and she never complained of undue abdominal distension.She was seen by a doctor once, but he apparently found nothing very serious, and as the girl was recovering the relatives did not trouble to call him again.Foetal movements were thought to have been felt for three or four days after the accident, but the patient was not very sure.A blood- stained discharge was noticed four days before admission, and this had continued to a slight extent.Before this preg- nancy menstruation had been regular and of the 3-4l30 day type.
PARADOXICAL SEX DIFFERENCE IN IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING AN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME MANAGED CONSERVATIVELY: RESULTS FROM THE ISACS-TC
Authors: Edina Cenko, Olivia Manfrini, Beatrice Ricci, Zorana Vasiljevic, Maria Dorobantu, Sasko Kedev, Božidarka Knežević, Davor Miličić, Dijana Trninic, Olivija Gustiene, Mirza Dilic, Akos Koller, Lina Badimon, Raffaele Bugiardini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Atypical Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: LAMAR E. CREVASSE, R. BRUCE LOGUE
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Approximately 95 per cent of patients with patent ductus have characteristic machinery murmurs. Five per cent have only systolic murmurs. In such patients, the intravenous or intramuscular administration of a pressor substance, mephentermine, may bring out a continuous murmur. This simple test is a useful adjunct in diagnosis.
Effect of tetrodotoxin on the inward ionic current of the guinea pig atrium
Authors: S. E FREEMAN, B. LEAKE, D. R SADEDIN, P. J GRAY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The inward ionic current in the atrium has been measured by electronic differentiation of the voltage, time signal, on the assumption that the single cell penetrated by the micro-electrode shows cable-like properties. The method exploits fully information contained in the upstroke of the action potential, and an internally consistent set of parameters can be derived. Tetrodotoxin was found to reduce the fast inward ionic current, and to shift the voltage of maximum current flow to more negative values. TTX augmented the effects of high stimulation rates but did not alter the refractory period of the atrium. It is suggested that TTX interacts with the Na+ channel so as to reduce activation of the Na+ current and hence unit conductance. The present results are consistent with the apparent voltage-dependence of TTX action, since activation and inactivation of the Na+ current are both voltage-sensitive phenomena.
Comparison between portal vein pressure and wedged hepatic vein pressure in hepatitis B-related cirrhosis
Authors: Han-Chieh Lin, Yang-Te Tsai, Fa-Yauh Lee, Ting-Tsung Chang, Sun-Sang Wang, Chii-Shyan Lay, Shou-Dong Lee, Kwang-Juei Lo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Use of PER977 to Reverse the Anticoagulant Effect of Edoxaban
Authors: Jack E Ansell, Sasha H Bakhru, Bryan E Laulicht, Solomon S Steiner, Michael Grosso, Karen Brown, Victor Dishy, Robert J Noveck, James C Costin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Among 80 healthy persons who had received a single dose of edoxaban, the whole-blood clotting time was reduced significantly more rapidly in those who received the novel small molecule PER977 than in controls who were not given PER977.
Drug Legalization, Harm Reduction, and Drug Policy
Authors: Robert L. DuPont, Eric A. Voth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 April 1996Drug Legalization, Harm Reduction, and Drug PolicyDon C. Des Jarlais, PhD, Samuel R. Friedman, PhD, and Denise Paone, EdDDon C. Des Jarlais, PhDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this author, Samuel R. Friedman, PhDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this author, and Denise Paone, EdDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-8-199604150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article [1], Dupont and Voth characterize harm reduction as “a creative renaming” of the “dismantling of legal restrictions against the use and sale of drugs.” This is a fundamental misconception of harm reduction as we understand it [2-4]. Indeed, within the harm-reduction perspective, “civil and criminal laws are seen as potent tools” [4] for reducing drug-related harm.DuPont and Voth apparently view drug policy as a dichotomous choice between “two opposing policy options”: prohibition and legalization. In our understanding of harm reduction, the intellectual power of the concept comes precisely from its potential to ...References1. DuPont RL, Voth EA. Drug legalization, harm reduction, and drug policy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:461-5. Google Scholar2. Des Jarlais DC. Harm reduction—a framework for incorporating science into drug policy. Am J Public Health. 1995; 85:10-2. Google Scholar3. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Ward TP. Harm reduction: a public health response to the AIDS epidemic among injecting drug users. Ann Rev Public Health. 1993; 14:413-50. Google Scholar4. Heather N, Wodak A, Nadelmann E, O'Hare P, eds. Psychoactive Drugs and Harm Reduction: From Faith to Science. London: Whurr; 1993. Google Scholar5. Normand J, Vlahov D, Moses LE, eds. Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach. Washington, DC: National Academy Pr; 1995. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 8Page: 777KeywordsDrug policyDrug usersDrugsHIVInjecting drug usersPathogensPublic policy Issue Published: 15 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Weight and Hypertension
Authors: RICHARD J. HAVLIK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Both excess weight and hypertension may contribute independently to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Weight and blood pressure have been found to be associated in most studies in diverse populations. The increase or decrease of blood pressure with weight gain or loss suggests a causal relation, although the mechanism is uncertain. A correlation between blood pressure and weight can be identified early in life. This correlation coefficient increases to approximately 0.4 in young adults and then begins to decrease at older ages. It is likely that weight interacts with various factors controlling blood pressure at different points over a lifetime. The implications for prognosis or control of blood pressure at different ages may vary as well. Attention to minimizing weight gain at a particular period of life, such as in young adulthood, might have long-term beneficial effects in preventing subsequent hypertension or excess blood pressure increase with aging.
Nonsense Mutants and the Genetic Code
Authors: Sydney Brenner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It is not an easy task to write a review about research one did some time ago. In a subject like molecular biology in which the pace of advance has been terrifyingly rapid, even the recent past soon becomes ancient history, known by everybody. There is also the inhibiting influence of scientific activity itself; it demands that we concentrate on unsolved problems and that we treat history as an irrelevance and writing about it as pure indulgence. But we all have our failings and the occasion of receiving an Albert Lasker Award provides an irresistible opportunity to escape from that tyranny. I am, however, still puritanical enough to exclude personal reminiscence from this account except for one remark: I count myself extremely fortunate to have lived and worked during a most exciting and intellectually challenging period of biology, and whatever I have contributed to the subject can never be more
Screening for Rubella Susceptibility
Authors: Lolli Sherry
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a letter by Marcia Wakefield and W. James Alexander, MD (1981;246:1900), regarding rubella immunization of susceptible medical students, the method by which rubella immunity was detected was incorrectly identified as the hemagglutination inhibition test. The footnote to this letter correctly identifies the methodology as a rubella-passive hemagglutination system (Rubacell). I mention the discrepancy because in the hospital screening programs that the authors support and urge on the medical community, the Rubacell system provides an extremely quick and easy screening alternative to the older, time-consuming hemagglutination test. It is our sincere hope that with the simplified passive hemagglutination method available, participation in rubella immunization programs among health care professionals can be even more vigorously pursued by the laboratory and infection control professionals in hospitals.
Increased Plasma P-Selectin and Decreased Thrombomodulin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Were Improved by Continuous Prostacyclin Therapy
Authors: Fumio Sakamaki, Shingo Kyotani, Noritoshi Nagaya, Nagato Sato, Hideo Oya, Toru Satoh, Norifumi Nakanishi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Thrombosis in situ related to endothelial cell injury may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). P-selectin, a leukocyte adhesion receptor present in endothelial cells and platelets, reflects endothelial injury and platelet activation, and thrombomodulin (TM), a receptor for thrombin and a major anticoagulant proteoglycan on the endothelial membrane, reflects the anticoagulant activity of the endothelium.To assess abnormal coagulation due to endothelial injury in patients with PH, plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and TM were measured in 32 patients with primary PH (PPH), 25 with secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension (sPAH), 31 with pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH), and 17 healthy subjects (Control). These measurements were repeated after continuous infusion of prostacyclin in 15 patients with PPH and 3 with sPAH. P-selectin levels in both the sPAH and PPH groups were significantly higher than those in the Control and PVH groups (P<0.05). Plasma TM level in the PPH group was significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.01). After prostacyclin therapy, the lower TM level was increased and the higher P-selectin level was decreased (P<0.05).Decreased TM and increased P-selectin in PPH and sPAH may reflect in situ thrombosis due to endothelial injury. Prostacyclin may act not only as a vasodilator but also as an agent that improves endothelial injury and altered hemostasis in pulmonary arterial injury.
A view of the current status of antisickling therapy
Authors: George J. Brewer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract About 5‐10 years ago it became popular to say that we understood the genetic and molecular basis for sickle cell anemia better than for any other disease and yet had no effective treatment. It was correctly pointed out that very little money was being spent at that time on sickle cell research relative to diseases of equal frequency which occur primarily in whites. The implication was that this contemporary financial and scientific neglect of the disease was a major reason for the lack of an adequate therapeutic approach. In the succeeding years a significant incremental amount of money was spent on sickle cell research, yet we still have no widely accepted antisickling* agent to offer sickle cell anemia patients. Sickle cell anemia has proven to be a formidable foe. These days, I hear molecular biologists frequently saying that if we could simply better understand the molecular mechanisms of sickle hemoglobin polymerization, we could surely design a drug which would be effective in preventing that process and would then have a therapy to offer patients. If the implication is that we should make our strongest efforts in the direction of hemoglobin polymerization and antipolymerization studies, I tend to disagree. A recent new insight offers hope for a different approach to the disease, one involving the red cell membrane, which I will briefly review. But first I wish to briefly review recent efforts at therapy and deal with some thoughts on why the frontal assault on sickle hemoglobin itself has not worked and probably will not work, at least for the near future. Following the hypothesis of Murayama (1, 2) that polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin‐S molecules occurs because of hydrophobic bonding between molecules, Nalbandian et al. (3–5) began a search for agents which might interfere with this type of aggregation. They came up with urea and were able to show that urea inhibited and even reversed this area are in their infancy and need to be strongly pursued. Such a course, coupled with vigorous exploration of new insights into some of the complications of sickle cell anemia, may yet turn the tide in the not too distant future against this crippling disease.
Inhibition of β2 Integrin Receptor and Syk Kinase Signaling in Monocytes by the Src Family Kinase Fgr
Authors: Charlotte M Vines, Jeffrey W Potter, Yin Xu, Robert L Geahlen, Patrick S Costello, Victor L Tybulewicz, Clifford A Lowell, Peter W Chang, Hattie D Gresham, Cheryl L Willman
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Mechanisms of Life Span Extension by Rapamycin in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ivana Bjedov, Janne M. Toivonen, Fiona Kerr, Cathy Slack, Jake Jacobson, Andrea Foley, Linda Partridge
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major nutrient-sensing pathway that, when genetically downregulated, increases life span in evolutionarily diverse organisms including mammals. The central component of this pathway, TOR kinase, is the target of the inhibitory drug rapamycin, a highly specific and well-described drug approved for human use. We show here that feeding rapamycin to adult Drosophila produces the life span extension seen in some TOR mutants. Increase in life span by rapamycin was associated with increased resistance to both starvation and paraquat. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that rapamycin increased longevity specifically through the TORC1 branch of the TOR pathway, through alterations to both autophagy and translation. Rapamycin could increase life span of weak insulin/Igf signaling (IIS) pathway mutants and of flies with life span maximized by dietary restriction, indicating additional mechanisms.
Transgenic mice with expression of elevated levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in the lungs are resistant to pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
Authors: C W White, K B Avraham, P F Shanley, Y Groner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To test the hypothesis that increases in lung superoxide dismutase can cause tolerance to pulmonary oxygen toxicity, we studied transgenic mice which constitutively express elevated levels of the human copper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD). Upon exposure to hyperoxia (greater than 99% O2, 630 torr) the transgenic CuZnSOD mice showed increased survival, decreased morphologic evidence of lung damage such as edema and hyaline membrane formation, and reduction in the number of lung neutrophils. During continuous exposure to oxygen, both control and transgenic animals who successfully adapted to hyperoxia showed increased activity of lung antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whereas superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged. The results show that expression of elevated levels of CuZnSOD decreases pulmonary oxygen toxicity and associated histologic damage and mortality.
A 5–7 year in vivo study of high-strength hydroxyapatite/poly(l-lactide) composite rods for the internal fixation of bone fractures
Authors: Shin Hasegawa, Shinsuke Ishii, Jiro Tamura, Taizo Furukawa, Masashi Neo, Yoshitaka Matsusue, Yasuo Shikinami, Masaki Okuno, Takashi Nakamura
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
PREVENTION OF FATAL POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM BY LOW-DOSE HEPARIN
Authors: UlrichF. Gruber, François Duckert, Raimund Fridrich, Josef Rem, Joachim Torhorst, V.V. Kakkar, T.P. Corrigan, D.P. Fossard, I. Sutherland, J. Thirlwell
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain
Authors: R Freynhagen, M I Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Neuropathic pain arises from damage, or pathological change, in the peripheral or central nervous system. It is usually a chronic condition that can be difficult to treat because standard treatment with conventional analgesics does not typically provide effective relief of pain. Patients with neuropathic pain commonly present to primary care professionals, but making a diagnosis may be difficult. Neuropathic pain is usually associated with substantially greater impairment of quality of life compared with other types of chronic pain, and the disorder is a large cost burden on healthcare services. In this review, we provide an overview of published evidence to help clinicians recognise and manage patients with neuropathic pain.

A group of specialists of the International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system.”1 In contrast to inflammatory or nociceptive pain, which is caused by actual tissue damage or potentially tissue damaging stimuli, neuropathic pain is produced either by damage to, or pathological change in, the peripheral or central nervous system, the system that normally signals pain. As such, the term neuropathic pain represents a varying set of symptoms rather than a single diagnosis.

Damage to the somatosensory system can provoke a range of responses; an absence of sensation and pain is probably a more common response than new onset of …
Pleurectomy for chylothorax associated with intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Authors: D Weissberg
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man SIR,-Dr SB de C Baker and his team on the Isle of Man are to be congratulated on an excellent epidemiological analysis of sarcoidosis on the island (June 1987;42:420-30).The inference of their work is that there is a communicable factor as a result of prolonged close contact.This is analogous to tuberculosis, where close and lengthy contact with a source case increases the risk of an individual's developing the disease.However, their work does not rule out a common response to one or more other causative or contributory environmental factors shared by the cases.Indeed, the remarkable lack of cases occurring in married couples would point to a work (or non-domestic) related environmental factor, although what this might be is open to conjecture.One factor which has not apparently been analysed is the possible effect of cigarette smoking.Is there any evidence that sarcoidosis patients were more likely to be cigarette smokers than non-tuberculosis controls?If so, was there any pattern in the linked cases as regards cigarette smokingthat is, did some "linked groups" smoke while others did not?If the latter were true, this would point to different causative agents being responsible in different groups, cigarette smoking being a permissive factor.
FDA cancels approval for bevacizumab in advanced breast cancer
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Food and Drug Administration last week revoked its approval of bevacizumab (Avastin) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The drug costs about $90 000 (£58 000; €68 000) a year and had created about $3.5bn in sales for its manufacturer, Genentech, annually.

FDA commissioner Margaret Hamburg called it “a difficult decision.” Dr Hamburg said the drug had not been shown to be safe and effective in metastatic breast cancer. She said a review of studies did not show that the drug extended the lives of women with metastatic …
Judge rules that decision to close three children's heart units was unfair
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Campaigners fighting the decision to close the children’s heart surgery unit in Leeds as part of an exercise to concentrate operations in fewer but larger centres have scored a comprehensive victory at the High Court in London.

Mrs Justice Nicola Davies ruled that the “Safe and Sustainable” consultation that recommended closing three units was flawed by procedural unfairness and a failure to take into account material considerations.

The success for the campaigning group, Save our Surgery Limited, on both grounds of its challenge is a significant setback for the plans to concentrate surgery at only seven sites: Bristol, Birmingham, Southampton, Liverpool, Newcastle, and two in London. Units in Leeds and Leicester and at London’s …