tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Forced Expiratory Flows in Infants with Tracheomalacia
Authors: STEPHANIE DAVIS, MARCUS JONES, JEFF KISLING, CONNIE ANGELICCHIO, ROBERT S. TEPPER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used to minimize airway collapse in infants with tracheomalacia. Forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at functional residual capacity (FRC) increase with increasing CPAP in infants with tracheomalacia, and it has been suggested that CPAP prevents airway collapse by “stenting” the airway open. Since FEF is greater at higher than at lower lung volumes, we evaluated whether the increase in flow measured at FRC (V˙ frc) with CPAP could be explained by the increase in FRC with CPAP. We measured full FEF–volume curves at CPAP levels of 0, 4, and 8 cm H2O in six infants with tracheomalacia and five healthy control infants. In both groups of infants, FVC did not change with CPAP; however, inspiratory capacity (IC) decreased and thus FRC increased with increasing CPAP. FEFs at FRC increased with increasing levels of CPAP; however, the FEFs at 50% and 75% of expired volume were not different for the three levels of CPAP for both groups of infants. Our finding that FEFs measured at the same lung volumes did not differ for the different levels of CPAP indicates that CPAP affects forced flows primarily by increasing lung volume.
Variability of Pulmonary Function in Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Clinical Correlates
Authors: Edwin K. Silverman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the range of pulmonary function variability in alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient persons and to identify epidemiologic factors and pulmonary symptoms and conditions associated with this variability. Design: Case series ascertained through investigation of extant obstructive lung disease (index cases, 22 subjects) or by other means (non-index cases, 30 subjects). Setting: Referral-based pulmonary division at a tertiary care medical center. Participants: Fifty-two alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient persons of type Pi Z ascertained by: extant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22 cases), family studies (20 cases), liver disease (4 cases), population screening (4 cases), and other pulmonary problems (2 cases). Measurements and Main Results: Pulmonary function tests and a version of the American Thoracic Society 1978 standard respiratory epidemiology questionnaire were used. Persons of type Pi Z who were not specifically ascertained with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second over 65% of predicted in 20 out of 30 cases and frequently had normal lung function. Univariate and multivariate analyses of possible causes of lung disease showed that the following factors were significant (P < 0.05): pulmonary symptoms (effects associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), including dyspnea and chronic cough; age and pack-years of smoking (epidemiologic correlates); and other pulmonary conditions (potential causes or effects) including asthma, pneumonia, and episodes of increased cough and phlegm. Finally, we found a striking excess of questionnaire-reported parental emphysema in families of type Pi Z persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with families of type Pi Z persons without disease. Conclusions: Many persons with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency do not have clinically significant lung function impairment; the perceived natural history of antitrypsin deficiency has been distorted by ascertainment bias. In addition to cigarette smoking, it appears that asthma, lower respiratory infections, and possibly some familial factors contribute to a severe clinical course. Follow-up of our cohort with widely varying lung function will provide insights into the natural history of the emphysema associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Antibody responses to recombinant and plasma derived hepatitis B vaccines.
Authors: S E Brown, C Stanley, C R Howard, A J Zuckerman, M W Steward
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The antibody response to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) induced in 25 recipients of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine derived from yeast was compared with that induced in 25 recipients of a vaccine prepared from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) derived from plasma. Anti-HBs affinity and specificity were compared using assays of antibody affinity with two different antigens, a complex of the major polypeptide of HBsAg (p25; molecular weight 25 000 daltons) covalently linked to its glycosylated form (gp30) prepared from native purified HBsAg, and a cyclical synthetic peptide representing amino acid residues 139-147 of the major polypeptide of HBsAg and known to represent a major part of an a determinant. There was no difference in anti-HBs affinity or molar antigen binding sites of the antibody measured with either antigen between the two groups. All subjects in both groups produced antibody that bound to the gp30/p25 complex antigen, whereas 22 of the recipients of the plasma derived vaccine compared with 24 of those receiving the yeast derived vaccine produced antibodies that bound to the cyclical synthetic peptide 139-147. These results support the finding of similar levels of anti-HBs, measured by commercial solid phase radioimmunoassay, in the two vaccine groups after three doses of vaccine. These results show no significant difference in the quantity, quality, or specificity of the anti-HBs response induced by the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine.
Can Hospitalization-Associated Disability Be Prevented?
Authors: Walter H. Ettinger
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systemic lupus erythematosus patient guide: influence on knowledge of the disease.
Authors: Y T Konttinen, N Santavirta, V Honkanen, S Sandelin, L Schauman, M Gronblad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The knowledge of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus about their disease before and after reading a patient guide was tested. The scores for incorrect answers decreased from 28 to 24% after reading the guide, showing that it increased the patients9 knowledge of the disease. The patients with an academic background had the best scores before reading the guide, but they did not improve their scores as much as patients with lower educational qualifications. The differences between the groups studied were not significant in a one way analysis of variance. Forty seven questions about the psychology and coping mechanisms of the patients were factorized. These factors, together with data on the duration and severity of SLE and the age of the patient, were used in multiple linear regression analysis, but had no significant predictive value for an improvement in knowledge. The scores in psychological tests were the same before and after reading the guide. It is concluded that the patient guide for SLE increases knowledge of the disease, but does not affect the psychological response of the patient. The improvement in knowledge cannot be predicted on the basis of various psychological and clinical factors or the social background of the patient.
GMC finds three doctors guilty of irresponsible prescribing to addicts
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The founder of one of the United Kingdom's best known private drug addiction clinics has been found guilty by the General Medical Council of irresponsible prescribing practices that could have fed dangerous drugs into the black market.

Colin Brewer, the retired head of the Stapleford Centre, was found guilty of irresponsible prescribing along with two of his former colleagues, Dr Hugh Kindness and Dr Ronald Tovey. Four other doctors from the centre were cleared of misconduct—Anthony Haines, Nicolette Mervitz, Martin O'Rawe, and Timothy …
Optimization of Peptide Nucleic Acid Antisense Oligonucleotides for Local and Systemic Dystrophin Splice Correction in the mdx Mouse
Authors: HaiFang Yin, Corinne Betts, Amer F Saleh, Gabriela D Ivanova, Hyunil Lee, Yiqi Seow, Dalsoo Kim, Michael J Gait, Matthew JA Wood
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) have the capacity to alter the processing of pre-mRNA transcripts in order to correct the function of aberrant disease-related genes. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked muscle degenerative disease that arises from mutations in the DMD gene leading to an absence of dystrophin protein. AOs have been shown to restore the expression of functional dystrophin via splice correction by intramuscular and systemic delivery in animal models of DMD and in DMD patients via intramuscular administration. Major challenges in developing this splice correction therapy are to optimize AO chemistry and to develop more effective systemic AO delivery. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) AOs are an alternative AO chemistry with favorable in vivo biochemical properties and splice correcting abilities. Here, we show long-term splice correction of the DMD gene in mdx mice following intramuscular PNA delivery and effective splice correction in aged mdx mice. Further, we report detailed optimization of systemic PNA delivery dose regimens and PNA AO lengths to yield splice correction, with 25-mer PNA AOs providing the greatest splice correcting efficacy, restoring dystrophin protein in multiple peripheral muscle groups. PNA AOs therefore provide an attractive candidate AO chemistry for DMD exon skipping therapy.
The UDHR and the physician's role
Authors: Jennifer Kasper, Alan F Meyers
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Upon the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), medical professionals should pay attention to the widening gap between the rich and the poor. The rights outlined in the UDHR include the traditional province of civil and political rights, as well as the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of an individual and his or her family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care, and necessary social services. The health profession should work to improve standards of living for those who are disenfranchised. Socioeconomic status is directly related to health status, with inequities in the distribution of wealth affecting morbidity and mortality. The global polarization of wealth and its effect upon health are best reflected in the US, the world's wealthiest country. Until societies confront the disparity of wealth both between and within countries, basic human needs will remain unmet and health for all will not be attained.
External Infections of the Eye: Bacterial, Viral, and Mycotic
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This, the second edition of<i>External Infections of the Eye</i>, fills an important void in ophthalmology. It begins with a series of beautiful illustrations of a variety of corneal and external ocular infections. Each clinical plate is accompanied by pictures of cytologic appearance and by pictures of the organisms on culture. The more common entities are stressed, but even esoteric and rare infections such as those caused by leprosy are pictured, their cytology documented, and their culture characteristics discussed in adequate detail. Lesions due to the mycoses as well as<i>Chlamydia</i>are documented, as are those caused by the common viruses. The second part of the book concisely summarizes both the microbiological properties of the causative agents as well as the common forms of therapy. The final portion of the book deals with the practical aspects. In a straightforward "how-to" fashion, the text illustrates the exact methods and materials for
Vaccine manufacturers cannot be sued over design defects, US Supreme Court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Supreme Court has ruled by a 6-2 majority that vaccine manufacturers cannot be sued over claims of design defects in their products.

The court was ruling on a case brought by the parents of a child who developed seizures after a routine diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccination (Bruesewitz v Wyeth Inc). It ruled that an act passed by Congress in 1986, which set up a no fault scheme to compensate any child injured by vaccine side effects, bars lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers.

“The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act pre-empts all design defect claims against vaccine manufacturers brought …
Decreased Vision Following Eye Trauma
Authors: Rajesh C. Rao, Lynn J. Poole Perry
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A52-YEAR-OLD MAN PRESENTED TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) FOR evaluation after several days of increasingly blurred vision in the right eye. Nine days earlier, while he was operating an asphalt reclamation machine, the patient reported the sensation of an object striking his right eye, but he had no acute pain or change in vision. He was not wearing eye protection at the time. One day after the trauma occurred, the patient visited his primary care physician and was prescribed topical antibiotics. His past medical and ophthalmological histories were unremarkable. On examination in the emergency department, the best corrected visual acuities were 20/100 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Dilated, slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a selfsealing, full-thickness corneal wound and an area of iris irregularity (iris synechiae formation) (FIGURE 1A), minimal anterior chamber inflammation, and early cataract formation. On adduction of the eye, a large, glistening, variegated intraocular foreign body was seen encased entirely in the crystalline lens (Figure 1B). There were no additional findings in the vitreous or retina on dilated examination, including no signs of endophthalmitis. Examination results of the left eye were unremarkable. What Would You Do Next?
Fine specificity of autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen and liver/pancreas
Authors: Johannes Herkel, Birgit Heidrich, Nicole Nieraad, Ingrid Wies, Michael Rother, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen and liver pancreas (SLA/LP) have been described as specific markers for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), occurring in about 20% of patients with AIH. The high degree of specificity for SLA/LP in autoimmune liver disease suggests a possible role in its pathogenesis. This study aims to map the exact epitope(s) recognized by SLA/LP autoantibodies and to assess the role of molecular mimicry between microbial antigens and self-epitopes. Using SLA/LP-reactive sera of 18 individual AIH patients and a pool of 15 patient sera, we found the dominant immune reactivity directed to peptide p395-414 and a less prominent immune response to 2 other epitopes adjacent to the dominant epitope. Immunodominance of peptide p395-414 was confirmed by absorption experiments. The SLA/LP autoantibodies of all tested AIH patients were mainly of the IgG1 type, suggesting that SLA/LP autoantibodies may arise by a common and specific underlying immune stimulus. Based on sequence homologies of the SLA/LP antigenic region with viral proteins, it was hypothesized that molecular mimicry may drive autoimmunity to SLA/LP. However, the homologous virus-derived peptides were not recognized by SLA/LP autoantibodies. Similarly, the only known procaryotic homologue, MJ0610 of Methanococcus jannaschii, was only weakly recognized by SLA/LP-positive sera. Thus, no evidence could be found for molecular mimicry being the causative mechanism for the development of SLA/LP autoantibodies. In conclusion, the exquisite epitope specificity and IgG subtype are evidence for the maturity of the SLA/LP autoantibody response; a specific autoantigen-driven process underlying the immunopathogenesis is likely.
Review: Exercise interventions reduce anxiety in patients with chronic illness
Authors: David L. Bronson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club15 June 2010Review: Exercise interventions reduce anxiety in patients with chronic illnessDavid L. Bronson, MD, FACP, Kathleen S. Franco, MD, FACPDavid L. Bronson, MD, FACPCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (D.L.B., K.S.F.)Search for more papers by this author, Kathleen S. Franco, MD, FACPCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (D.L.B., K.S.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHerring MP, O’Connor PJ, Dishman RK. The effect of exercise training on anxiety symptoms among patients: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:321-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177034Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: Cardiology: Neurology: Oncology: Pulmonology: References1 Stein MB, Sherbourne CD, Craske MG, et al. Quality of care for primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:2230-7. [PMID: 15569894] Google Scholar2 Wang J, Patten SB, Williams JV, et al. Help-seeking behaviours of individuals with mood disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50:652-9. [PMID: 16276857] Google Scholar3 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Anxiety: management of anxiety (panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) in adults in primary, secondary and community care. Clinical Guideline 22. December 2004. www.nice.org.uk/CG022 (accessed 20 Apr 10). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (D.L.B., K.S.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 June 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 12Page: JC6-4KeywordsAnxietyDrug therapyExerciseExercise therapyPulmonary medicineSubstance abuseSystematic reviewsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 June 2010 Issue Published: 15 June 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Varicose Veins in Women Cotton Workers. An Epidemiological Study in England and Egypt
Authors: S. Mekky, R. S. F. Schilling, J. Walford
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The prevalence of varicose veins was studied in 504 women cotton workers in England and 467 in Egypt, by a standardized questionary and a specially developed method of examination. The English mill population showed a much higher prevalence of varicose veins than the Egyptian, probably owing to environmental rather than ethnic reasons.Among the European women the prevalence of varicose veins was significantly related to age, parity, body weight, type of corsetry, and occupation-that is, whether or not they stood at their work. After standardizing for the other variables there was a statistically significant excess of varicose veins in women wearing corsets and roll-ons compared with those wearing less-constrictive garments. After a similar standardization a significant excess was found in women who stood at their work compared with those whose jobs entailed walking or sitting.
Enzymatic Formation of Bilirubin
Authors: Robert F. Troxler, Roger Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The turnover of hemoglobin and heme-containing enzymes is a continuous metabolic process. Since it is generally accepted that heme exerts end-product control over the rate of heme-precursor formation, mechanisms for its elimination are essential. Intact heme is not readily excreted, and its elimination is achieved through detoxification and excretion of derivative materials. Heme is converted to bilirubin, bilirubin is esterified with glucuronic acid, and bilirubin glucuronide is secreted into bile. When one considers how much has been learned about bile-pigment metabolism during the past 15 years, it is amazing how little is known about the initial step in the pathway, . . .
What the educators are saying
Authors: Phil Cotton, Jill Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2004)

How much does it matter if students sitting clinical examinations, or being interviewed for medical school, are told about the content of the assessment by fellow students? Concern about “breaches of security” leads assessors to go to extreme lengths, such as keeping groups of candidates apart or frequently changing the content of the assessment. This may not be necessary. Three studies conducted at McMaster University, Canada, looked at the effect of defined violations of test security in a multiple mini-interview process on the outcome of student admissions. The first “leak” by a student about one of the tests was posted on a website within seven minutes of completing the test. Nevertheless, the authors found no differences in performance between students who had been informed by peers and those who had not.

Medical Education 2006;40: 36–42

[OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2]

A medical student addresses the thorny problem of the cynicism that affects students as they progress through their studies. This …

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putting things right: “<i>why</i>” before “<i>how</i>”
Authors: á. miklósi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

in this commentary i argue for the need of an evolutionary account of lateralized behavior. although one could raise some problems with the explanatory power of the present hypothesis, this is the approach one should pursue. it would be very important to show that the proposed idea of social coordination does indeed lead to selective advantages also when considered within a species.