tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GOLF-BALL BURN OF EYE
Authors: H. E. Thomason
Journal: JAMA (1913)

E. F., boy aged 13, in February, 1913, thrust his knife into the center of a golf-ball. Out spurted a liquid directly into the right eye. Dr. Lee Haynes, who was summoned, sent the boy directly to my office; he arrived about two hours after the accident. There was marked swelling of both conjunctivae, so that the lids were everted. Cornea was milky-white; only light perception was present. There was agonizing pain, for which a 4 per cent. solution of cocain was instilled. Patient was sent to South Side Hospital with instructions to use 1 per cent. solution of a atropin sulphate, sterile olive oil and cold application, followed in twenty-four hours with hot. On third day I noticed a detachment of both palpebral conjunctivae. This I allowed to remain to prevent symblepharon while a new one formed. The conjunctiva was removed on the tenth day. The epithelial layer of cornea sloughed on the fourth day and was removed.
The Effect of Varying Tourniquet Applications on the Flow Pattern of Lower Extremity Radionuclide Venography
Authors: JOHN P. VANSANT, REZA M. HABIBIAN, ROBERT E. MELTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Radionuclide venography (RNV) is an accepted, reliable, and simple method for detecting thrombi of the deep venous system of the lower extremity. No universal agreement, however, has been established regarding specific techniques for tourniquet applications. In fact, present data reflect a general consensus that tourniquet use and location other than above the ankles has no appreciable or recognizable effect on study outcome. A prospective study was performed on 20 consecutive patients referred for RNV with the clinical impression of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Each patient was studied initially with tourniquets above the knee and ankle, then with tourniquets above the ankle only, and finally without tourniquets. On the basis of standard criteria for DVT, 8 out of 20 patients were positive for DVT when the study was performed with tourniquets only above the ankle. Four of the eight positive studies became negative, however, when additional tourniquets were placed above the knees (20% false-positive rate). It is concluded that the routine application of additional tourniquets above the knees would eliminate a significant number of false-positive studies and should be part of an established routine protocol.
Germline Mutation of <i>Bap1</i> Accelerates Development of Asbestos-Induced Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Jinfei Xu, Yuwaraj Kadariya, Mitchell Cheung, Jianming Pei, Jacqueline Talarchek, Eleonora Sementino, Yinfei Tan, Craig W. Menges, Kathy Q. Cai, Samuel Litwin, Hongzhuang Peng, Jayashree Karar, Frank J. Rauscher, Joseph R. Testa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Malignant mesotheliomas are highly aggressive tumors usually caused by exposure to asbestos. Germline-inactivating mutations of BAP1 predispose to mesothelioma and certain other cancers. However, why mesothelioma is the predominate malignancy in some BAP1 families and not others, and whether exposure to asbestos is required for development of mesothelioma in BAP1 mutation carriers are not known. To address these questions experimentally, we generated a Bap1(+/-) knockout mouse model to assess its susceptibility to mesothelioma upon chronic exposure to asbestos. Bap1(+/-) mice exhibited a significantly higher incidence of asbestos-induced mesothelioma than wild-type (WT) littermates (73% vs. 32%, respectively). Furthermore, mesotheliomas arose at an accelerated rate in Bap1(+/-) mice than in WT animals (median survival, 43 weeks vs. 55 weeks after initial exposure, respectively) and showed increased invasiveness and proliferation. No spontaneous mesotheliomas were seen in unexposed Bap1(+/-) mice followed for up to 87 weeks of age. Mesothelioma cells from Bap1(+/-) mice showed biallelic inactivation of Bap1, consistent with its proposed role as a recessive cancer susceptibility gene. Unlike in WT mice, mesotheliomas from Bap1(+/-) mice did not require homozygous loss of Cdkn2a. However, normal mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells from Bap1(+/-) mice showed downregulation of Rb through a p16(Ink4a)-independent mechanism, suggesting that predisposition of Bap1(+/-) mice to mesothelioma may be facilitated, in part, by cooperation between Bap1 and Rb. Drawing parallels to human disease, these unbiased genetic findings indicate that BAP1 mutation carriers are predisposed to the tumorigenic effects of asbestos and suggest that high penetrance of mesothelioma requires such environmental exposure.
Evaluation of Airways in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: GREGORY G. KING, NESTOR L. MÜLLER, PETER D. PARÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Technical advances in medical imaging have provided an opportunity to examine the airways of the lung more accurately than ever before. The aim of this article is to review the use of computed tomography (CT) and more particularly, High-resolution CT (HRCT) in the investigation of airway structure and function in health and disease. Although we review both qualitative and quantitative studies, the quantitative studies are emphasized because of the enormous potential provided by the digital data on which this imaging modality is based. HRCT has allowed visualization of airways and parenchyma in much greater detail than conventional CT and plain radiography and has made possible the investigation of the site, magnitude, and distribution of airway narrowing in vivo . Technical improvements have increased the spatial resolution of HRCT, making it theoretically possible to examine small airways. Because technical factors and the methods of analysis significantly influence the quality of HRCT images as well as their quantitative interpretation, we start with a brief review of the recommended methods.
Eating disorders and weight problems
Authors: Dasha Nicholls, Russell Viner
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adolescence is a time of enormous change in weight and eating.Average weight gain during puberty is 14 kg for girls and 15 kg for boys, with marked differences in body shape between the sexes becoming evident.About 40% of girls (25% of boys) begin dieting in adolescence.Reported dieting may often reflect dissatisfaction with their body rather than actual calorie restriction.Six to 12 per cent of adolescents choose to become vegetarian, giving them increased independence from family eating patterns.Eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa, are characterised by morbid preoccupation with weight and shape and manifest through distorted or chaotic eating behaviour.This behaviour differentiates these disorders from other types of psychological problems associated with abnormal eating behaviour-such as extreme faddy (selective) eating and various types of food phobia-and from obesity, in which primary psychological mechanisms are rarely implicated or are part of a more complex picture.
Non-conformity may be hidden driver behind relation
Authors: Kobe Millet, Siegfried Dewitte
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The link between childhood IQ and vegetarianism in later life is perhaps not driven by a causal chain of mechanisms related to health.1 As the number of vegetarians in the population is low, vegetarianism could be considered as a type of non-conformist behaviour.

Non-conformist behaviour may threaten the extent to which …
Incidence of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b meningitis during 18 years of vaccine use: observational study using routine hospital data
Authors: Heikki Peltola, Eeva Salo, Harri Saxén
Journal: BMJ (2004)

different levels of disturbed glucose metabolism, patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance had higher depression scores (median 6.0 and 6.0) than those with normal glucose tolerance (5.0); the difference was statistically significant between impaired and normal glucose tolerance groups (table).
Effects of Dietary Selenium Supplementation on DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Canine Prostate
Authors: D. J. Waters, S. Shen, D. M. Cooley, D. G. Bostwick, J. Qian, G. F. Combs, L. T. Glickman, C. Oteham, D. Schlittler, J. S. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

The trace mineral selenium inhibits cancer development in a variety of experimental animal models. We used an in vivo canine model to evaluate the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on DNA damage in prostate tissue and on apoptosis in prostate epithelial cells. Sexually intact elderly male beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive an unsupplemented diet (control group) or diets that were supplemented with selenium (treatment group), either as selenomethionine or as high-selenium yeast at 3 μg/kg or 6 μg/kg body weight per day for 7 months. The extent of DNA damage in prostate cells and in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as determined by the alkaline comet assay, was lower among the selenium-supplemented dogs than among the control dogs (prostate P<.001; peripheral blood lymphocytes P = .003; analysis of variance) but was not associated with the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in plasma. The median number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive (i.e., apoptotic) prostate epithelial cells was 3.7 (interquartile range = 1.1–7.6) for the selenium-supplemented dogs and 1.7 (interquartile range = 0.2–2.8) for the control dogs ( P = .04, Mann–Whitney U test). These data suggest that dietary selenium supplementation decreases DNA damage and increases epithelial cell apoptosis within the aging canine prostate.
Gene Expression Signatures That Predict Radiation Exposure in Mice and Humans
Authors: Holly K Dressman, Garrett G Muramoto, Nelson J Chao, Sarah Meadows, Dawn Marshall, Geoffrey S Ginsburg, Joseph R Nevins, John P Chute
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background The capacity to assess environmental inputs to biological phenotypes is limited by methods that can accurately and quantitatively measure these contributions. One such example can be seen in the context of exposure to ionizing radiation. Methods and Findings We have made use of gene expression analysis of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells to develop expression profiles that accurately reflect prior radiation exposure. We demonstrate that expression profiles can be developed that not only predict radiation exposure in mice but also distinguish the level of radiation exposure, ranging from 50 cGy to 1,000 cGy. Likewise, a molecular signature of radiation response developed solely from irradiated human patient samples can predict and distinguish irradiated human PB samples from nonirradiated samples with an accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 85%, and specificity of 94%. We further demonstrate that a radiation profile developed in the mouse can correctly distinguish PB samples from irradiated and nonirradiated human patients with an accuracy of 77%, sensitivity of 82%, and specificity of 75%. Taken together, these data demonstrate that molecular profiles can be generated that are highly predictive of different levels of radiation exposure in mice and humans. Conclusions We suggest that this approach, with additional refinement, could provide a method to assess the effects of various environmental inputs into biological phenotypes as well as providing a more practical application of a rapid molecular screening test for the diagnosis of radiation exposure.
An advisory committee on cancer registration has now been established
Authors: G. Winyard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—I was surprised that N E Day and T W Davies cast doubt on whether the new purchasing arrangements would allow cancer registries to achieve the standards laid down in the core contract specification for cancer registries (sent to purchasers under cover of an executive letter ((96) 7) dated 9 February 1996) and by their call for a national body to oversee cancer registries.1 …
Excision biopsy of malignant melanoma by general practitioners in south east Scotland 1982-91.
Authors: R. M. Herd, J. A. Hunter, K. M. McLaren, U. Chetty, A. C. Watson, J. M. Gollock
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the management of patients who had a malignant melanoma excised initially by general practitioners in south east Scotland over the past 10 years and to assess the impact of the April 1990 contract on this. DESIGN--A retrospective case-control study. SETTING--South east Scotland. SUBJECTS--All patients in south east Scotland who had malignant melanomas excised by general practitioners in 1982-91. OUTCOME MEASURES--Demographic details of patients; Breslow thickness, clearance of excision. RESULTS--42 patients had malignant melanomas excised by general practitioners in 1982-91: 15 in 1982-9 and 27 in 1990-1. These patients were significantly younger than those who had their tumours excised initially in hospital. Although the longest diameter of melanomas excised by general practitioners was significantly less than of those excised in hospital, the Breslow thicknesses were similar. Completeness of initial excision was doubtful or incomplete in nine (23%) general practitioner excisions compared with 4% of hospital excisions, but the time interval between excision biopsy and wide excision was similar. Pathology requests accompanying excision biopsies mentioned melanoma as a possible diagnosis in 15% (6/40) of general practitioner cases compared with 79% of hospital cases. Thirty nine general practitioners responded to a questionnaire and only 12 had considered melanoma in the differential diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS--General practitioners need to think more often of malignant melanoma when they excise pigmented lesions and when they consider this tumour a possibility should perform an excision biopsy with a lateral clearance of at least 2 mm.
Thrombopoietin is synergistic with other hematopoietic growth factors and physiologic platelet agonists for platelet activation in vitro
Authors: Theodore Wun, Teresa Paglieroni, William P. Hammond, Kenneth Kaushansky, Donald C. Foster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary physiologic regulator of platelet production. The effect of TPO on platelet function, both alone and in combination with other hematopoietic growth factors, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and epinephrine, was investigated using fluorescent-labeled antibodies to the activation-dependent antigen CD62 (P-selectin) and flow cytometry. TPO stimulated CD62 expression on normal human platelets, and this expression was completely inhibited by the soluble extracellular domain of the TPO receptor, MPL. The growth factors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO), but not interleukin-3 (IL-3) or stem-cell factor (SCF), also stimulated platelet activation. The combination of EPO, SCF, ADP, and epinephrine with TPO were synergistic for platelet CD62 expression. These data further support a role for TPO in modulating platelet function. Am. J. Hematol. 54:225–232, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pretargeting radioimmunotherapy of a murine model of adult T-cell leukemia with the α-emitting radionuclide, bismuth 213
Authors: Meili Zhang, Zhengsheng Yao, Kayhan Garmestani, Donald B. Axworthy, Zhuo Zhang, Robert W. Mallett, Louis J. Theodore, Carolyn K. Goldman, Martin W. Brechbiel, Jorge A. Carrasquillo, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: Blood (2002)
Prognostic Impact of the 2009 UICC/AJCC TNM Staging System for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Extension
Authors: Juan I. Martínez-Salamanca, William C. Huang, Isabel Millán, Roberto Bertini, Fernando J. Bianco, Joaquin A. Carballido, Gaetano Ciancio, Carlos Hernández, Felipe Herranz, Axel Haferkamp, Markus Hohenfellner, Brian Hu, Theresa Koppie, Claudio Martínez-Ballesteros, Francesco Montorsi, Joan Palou, J. Edson Pontes, Paul Russo, Carlo Terrone, Humberto Villavicencio, Alessandro Volpe, John A. Libertino
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Adaptation of Na+-H+ exchange in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. Role of dietary protein and uninephrectomy.
Authors: R C Harris, J L Seifter, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The ablation of renal mass and institution of a high protein diet both lead to renal cortical hypertrophy and increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We studied Na+ transport in rat microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from uninephrectomized or sham operated rats fed 6% (low), 24% (standard), or 40% (high) protein diets. The feeding of high protein, as compared with low protein, was associated with a 50% increase in rates of pH-stimulated 22Na+ transport in isolated vesicles from sham and uninephrectomized animals. Values for the standard protein diet were intermediate to values for high and low protein. At each level of dietary protein intake, vesicular Na+ transport was greater in the uninephrectomized than in sham rats. The high protein diet was also associated with increased vesicular 22Na+ flux inhibitable by 1 mM amiloride. Increases in total and amiloride sensitive flux were also noted in the absence of a pH gradient. Conductive Na+ and H+ transport were not altered, nor were sodium-glucose and sodium-alanine cotransport. Kinetic studies revealed evidence for an increased Vmax of Na+-H+ exchange in uninephrectomized animals fed a 40 vs. a 6% protein diet whereas Km was unchanged. Supplements of NaHCO3 in the 40% protein diet, to adjust for an increased rate of net acid excretion, did not prevent the increased rates of Na+-H+ exchange. However, treatment with actinomycin D (0.12 mg/kg) prevented the increased Na+-H+ activity as well as the increased renal mass and GFR noted 24 h after unilateral nephrectomy. Na+-H+ exchange rate was closely correlated with GFR (r = 0.961; P less than 0.005) and renal mass (r = .986; P less than 0.001). These observations provide evidence for modification of the luminal membrane Na+-H+ exchanger in response to changes in dietary protein content and nephron number.
Abstract 1247: Development of GRP78 scFv-Subtilase fusion proteins for sensitization of melanoma to chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Rupa Ray, Gustaaf de Ridder, Salvatore V. Pizzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract GRP78 is an important molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, GRP78 is aberrantly expressed on the surface of melanoma cells. Our objective is to characterize cell-surface GRP78 in melanoma and determine whether immunoconjugates against GRP78 are a viable treatment strategy. We have demonstrated that cleavage of ER GRP78 by Subtilase (SubAB), a GRP78-specific protease, sensitizes melanoma cell lines of different genotypes to melphalan, vemurafenib, and temozolomide. Our data indicate that SubAB cleavage of GRP78 sensitizes melanoma cells to melphalan and vemurafenib. We then coupled the catalytic domain of SubAB, SubA, to GRP78-single chain variable fragments derived from anti-GRP78 mouse monoclonal antibodies. We have previously published that these antibodies target GRP78+ mouse melanomas in a syngeneic mouse melanoma model. These GRP78 scFv-SubA fusion proteins are internalized by cell-surface GRP78 and the SubA moiety cleaves ER GRP78 inside the cell, leading to tumor cell sensitization to chemotherapeutics, and in some instances, tumor cell death. To determine the mechanism by which ER GRP78 cleavage sensitizes melanoma cells to chemotherapeutics, the NH2-terminal 28 kDa and COOH-terminal 50 kDa SubA cleavage products were overexpressed in melanoma cells, and pull-down experiments were performed to identify binding partners. Microarray analyses were also performed on chemotherapy-treated and GRP78 scFv-SubA fusion protein-treated melanoma cells to obtain a broad view of cellular events that occurred subsequent to ER GRP78 cleavage by SubAB or GRP78 scFv-SubA fusion proteins. These fusion proteins will then be tested in mouse melanoma models to determine whether they sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics in vivo. These results of these studies may lead to the development of novel melanoma therapeutics. Citation Format: Rupa Ray, Gustaaf de Ridder, Salvatore V. Pizzo. Development of GRP78 scFv-Subtilase fusion proteins for sensitization of melanoma to chemotherapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1247. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1247
Ordinary Life: A Memoir of Illness
Authors: Hu Da-Shih
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the spring of 1993, psychotherapist Kathlyn Conway was diagnosed with breast cancer, the second cancer in her 43 years of life. She chose to be treated with a mastectomy and chemotherapy. A year later, to deal with the depression that followed, she began to write a retrospective account of her experiences with cancer. This writing forms the major part of<i>Ordinary Life: A Memoir Of Illness</i>. (She was later to develop yet a third cancer after much of the book was written.) The writing is brisk and expressive, and the author makes apt observations about the health care system and the burden of being ill. For the most part, though, the content is disagreeable. Early in the introduction, Dr Conway (who has a doctorate in English literature from Harvard) states, "I am still convinced that cancer is not transformative, that the trauma did not make me a
Extracellular caspase-6 drives murine inflammatory pain via microglial TNF-α secretion
Authors: Temugin Berta, Chul-Kyu Park, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Ruo-Gang Xie, Tong Liu, Ning Lü, Yen-Chin Liu, Ru-Rong Ji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Increasing evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is mediated through spinal cord microglia activation. The intracellular protease caspase-6 (CASP6) is known to regulate neuronal apoptosis and axonal degeneration; however, the contribution of microglia and CASP6 in modulating synaptic transmission and pain is unclear. Here, we found that CASP6 is expressed specifically in C-fiber axonal terminals in the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn. Animals exposed to intraplantar formalin or bradykinin injection exhibited CASP6 activation in the dorsal horn. Casp6-null mice had normal baseline pain, but impaired inflammatory pain responses. Furthermore, formalin-induced second-phase pain was suppressed by spinal injection of CASP6 inhibitor or CASP6-neutralizing antibody, as well as perisciatic nerve injection of CASP6 siRNA. Recombinant CASP6 (rCASP6) induced marked TNF-α release in microglial cultures, and most microglia within the spinal cord expressed Tnfa. Spinal injection of rCASP6 elicited TNF-α production and microglia-dependent pain hypersensitivity. Evaluation of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) revealed that rCASP6 rapidly increased synaptic transmission in spinal cord slices via TNF-α release. Interestingly, the microglial inhibitor minocycline suppressed rCASP6 but not TNF-α–induced synaptic potentiation. Finally, rCASP6-activated microglial culture medium increased EPSCs in spinal cord slices via TNF-α. Together, these data suggest that CASP6 released from axonal terminals regulates microglial TNF-α secretion, synaptic plasticity, and inflammatory pain.
Acid and gastric metaplasia in the duodenum.
Authors: F I Tovey
Journal: Gut (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Infectious diseases account for 25% of the causes of death worldwide and this rate is expected to increase due to antibiotic resistance. Among the bacteria associated with healthcare infections, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a prevalent pathogen and about 50% of the isolates are found to be methicillin-resistant. Here we describe the identification of ticarcillin as a weak binder of the <i>S. aureus</i> UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase. After a docking screening, ticarcillin was identified as a ligand in using the recently proposed isothermal analysis of differential scanning fluorimetry data. Finally, an equilibrium MD simulation confirmed the docking binding mode as a stable pose, with large contributions to the binding energy coming from interactions between Arg206 and Arg207 and the carboxylate groups in ticarcillin.