tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of children not immunised for measles.
Authors: T Kemple
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The results of a survey of the 165 children born in 1980 in a population served by a health centre showed that 42 were not immunised against measles. The reasons for non-immunisation included 18 refusals (usually on the grounds of incorrect contraindications) and 19 defaulters (where the children were not brought for immunisation). Twenty of the children had contracted measles by March 1984. Among the 19 defaulters 12 had been registered with the health centre since age six months or under. Their average number of consultations a year was four. None of the 42 children had Department of Health and Social Security recommended contraindications to measles immunisation.
Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Thomas M. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1009-196 Acute arterio-venous fistula occlusion reduces sympathetic nerve traffic and increases baroreflex sensitivity in patients with kidney transplant
Authors: Sonia Vélez-Roa, Agnieszka Clarka, Jolanta Neubauer, Martin Wissing, Alberto Porta, Virend K Somers, Philippe Unger, Jean-Paul Degaute, Philippe van de Borne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein in Search of Precision
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Some words are inherently vague. Take "very," for instance. "The use of `very' as an expression of quantity or measurement does not increase precision," writes Roland in "Very,<i>Very</i>Imprecise."<sup>1</sup>Yet, ironically, imprecise as it is, "very" found its way into scientific terminology. It insinuated itself into the classification of lipoproteins. "Very low-density lipoprotein" (VLDL) is an accepted term. "Very" sets apart the triglyceriderich (pre-β) lipoproteins, from the cholesterol-rich, low-density (β) lipoproteins (LDLs). The relationship of VLDL to LDL is thought to be that of precursor to product.<sup>2</sup>There is impressive evidence that most VLDLs are converted to LDL through loss of glycerides and apoproteins. A notable exception is apolipoprotein B (apo-B), which remains largely unchanged. Radiolabeled apo-B can thus serve as a continuous guiding thread through the labyrinth of VLDL to LDL conversions, providing a new approach to the study of VLDL kinetics. It was hoped that
Rapid Immunodiagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Using Human and Murine Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: DAVID EMANUEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Bronchoalveolar lavage material from 54 immunocompromised patients with interstitial pneumonia was examined by immunofluorescence with cytomegalovirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Twelve patients (22%) had cytomegalovirus detected in their lavaged cells, and 9 of these patients (17%) had proven cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. This assay detected all samples with cytomegalovirus when the virus was detected by established methods either at the time of lavage or after any other procedure in the subsequent 2 months; that is, it had a sensitivity of 100%. Cytomegalovirus could be detected within 3 hours of the lavage and a clear correlation was seen between the number of fluorescent cells and the presence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. All 9 patients with pneumonitis had more than 0.5% fluorescent cells, whereas the 3 patients in whom cytomegalovirus was detected without pneumonia had significantly fewer fluorescent cells. This method provides a sensitive, rapid, and quantifiable system for detection of cytomegalovirus, facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia.
Clinical and biological characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia in Taiwan: a high relapse rate in patients with high initial and peak white blood cell counts during all-trans retinoic acid treatment
Authors: W-C Chou, J-L Tang, M Yao, Y-J Liang, F-Y Lee, M-T Lin, C-H Wang, M-C Shen, Y-C Chen, H-F Tien
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Congenital portacaval shunt in rats: Liver adaptation to lack of portal vein—a light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Jean Saric, Lilianne Boussarie, Charles Balabaud
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

In five rats with congenital portacaval shunt, liver atrophy, hyperplastic foci in the periportal zone, atrophic hepatocytes in the centrolobular zone, well-preserved hepatocyte ultrastructure with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, packed mitochondria and numerous peroxisomes were observed as in surgical portacaval shunt. However, portal triads were abnormal in contrast to surgical shunt. In large portal triads, hepatic arteries were prominent, bile ducts numerous and portal veins were lacking. Instead, small or large capillaries were seen in the portal tracts usually at the periphery. These capillaries appeared to be in continuity with nearby sinusoids presenting the ultrastructural characteristics of capillaries. These observations suggest that absence of the portal vein is compensated by formation of neocapillaries. It is assumed that these capillaries originate from periportal sinusoids and are necessary to distribute blood to all sinusoids and form a reservoir to lower arterial pressure.
Absolute risk please
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BMJ has a noble tradition of fighting the trend to medicalise risk factors ( BMJ 2002;324:886-91; doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7342.886). This week we hear more about whether we should be treating women who have “pre-osteoporosis,” otherwise known as osteopenia—bone mineral densities that are slightly below normal. These women are at low risk of fracture but are considered by some to be “at risk of being at risk.” They comprise more than half of the world’s postmenopausal women.

Pablo Alonso-Coello and colleagues examine four post hoc analyses of trials of osteoporosis drugs that claim to support drug treatment for osteopenia (p 126; doi 10.1136/bmj.39435.656250.AD). They …
Attention Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder and Sphenoid Bone Fibrous Dysplasia Association in a Boy
Authors: Gianclaudio Ciofetta, Maria Carmen Garganese, Maria Paola Casini, Francesca Maria Marracino, Vittorio Cannatà, Saverio Malena, Giuseppe Bianco
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Sensory motor cortex, frontal lobe, and, more recently, temporal lobe hypoperfusion were described in attention deficiency hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children. We report a 12-year-old boy with worsening ADHD. Emotional and behavioral state evaluation met the criteria for ADHD combined with a generalized anxiety disorder. Diagnostic multi-imaging included CT and 2 SPECT studies. Right sphenoidal bone fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed by CT. Tc-99m ECD and Tc-99m MDP-SPECT slices registration and fusion revealed right temporal lobe hypoperfusion, bordering on the metabolically active sphenoid lesion.
Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography Using18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose for Posttreatment Evaluation in Hodgkin’s Disease and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Has Higher Diagnostic and Prognostic Value Than Classical Computed Tomography Scan Imaging
Authors: G. Jerusalem, Y. Beguin, M.F. Fassotte, F. Najjar, P. Paulus, P. Rigo, G. Fillet
Journal: Blood (1999)
Bone and Spleen Lesions in Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: SHIV M. GUPTA, ASHA GUPT, RICHARD P. SPENCER, NILO E. HERRERA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

GUPTA, SHIV M. M.D.; GUPTA, ASHA M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D., Ph.D.; HERRERA, NILO E. M.D. Author Information
Silicone Controversy: a Survey of Women With Breast Cancer and Silicone Implants
Authors: E. P. Winer, K. Fee-Fulkerson, C. C. Fulkerson, K. E. Catoe, G. Georgiade, M. Conaway, C. Brunatti, V. Holmes, B. K. Rimer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

During the past 3 years, there has been a highly publicized debate concerning the potential medical complications of silicone breast implants. There have been no studies that have addressed the effect of this controversy on women with a history of breast cancer who have undergone breast reconstruction with silicone implants.This study was undertaken to understand the concerns of such women regarding their breast reconstructions and to assess what impact the silicone implant controversy had on them.One hundred seventy-four randomly selected women who had undergone reconstructive surgery with silicone implants subsequent to mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer were interviewed by telephone from February through May 1992. (A moratorium on use of silicone breast implants, imposed by the Food and Drug Administration, extended from January through April 1992.) These women, a subset of 359 mastectomy/reconstruction patients of one university-based plastic surgeon, had their first permanent prostheses placed between 1985 and 1990. The interview included questions designed to elicit information about women's experiences with reconstruction and reactions to the controversy.All study participants were aware of the controversy surrounding silicone implants. Seventy-six percent stated that breast reconstruction helped them cope with cancer, and only 16% had regrets about reconstruction. Many respondents had misconceptions about the nature of possible complications from silicone implants. Fifty-five percent were worried about the implants, yet only 13% considered having them removed as a result of the controversy. Only 27% indicated they would be completely likely to choose silicone implants again. The majority of women were unwilling to accept substantial risks of complications from implants, but there was variability in the level of risk that respondents would tolerate.A majority of women who have had breast reconstruction using silicone implants after treatment of breast cancer believe that implants helped them cope with the cancer. However, a sizeable proportion of such women are worried about possible medical complications that may develop as a consequence of silicone breast implants. Many would likely not choose these implants today.The true risks associated with silicone implants will ultimately be known. In the meantime, health care providers need to address patients' concerns about these implants. Information and guidance regarding the potential benefits and risks of breast implant devices should be provided to women with breast cancer who are considering treatment options.
Abstract 4924: Gene network inference models reveal novel key mediators of mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Amy Brock, Hu Li, Silva Krause, James J. Collins, Donald E. Ingber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer is a developmental disease, requiring the concerted switching of multiple cellular gene programs. Here we ask whether we can use computational network inference models in a systems biology-driven approach to identify changes in connectivity within the underlying gene regulatory network during cancer progression, as well as novel key mediator genes that are central to altered disease state networks. To investigate this hypothesis, we reverse engineered the gene regulatory networks of mammary glands within normal mice and transgenic C3(1)-SV40Tag mice that undergo mammary gland transformation and tumor progression. RNA was isolated from the mammary glands of transgenic mice at 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age; wild type mice were analyzed at 8 weeks. Whole genome microarray profiles were obtained for each stage. A network inference algorithm was trained on a set of 3000 genome-wide gene expression signatures from public databases. A Mode-of-action Network Inference (MNI) algorithm was used to identify key mediator genes at each stage of the gene regulatory network during different stages of cancer progression in the transgenic mouse mammary gland based on z-score significance. From this initial set of candidates, we focused on key mediator genes classified by gene ontology analysis as transcription factors. To experimentally assess the functional relevance of genes identified by this computational approach, key mediator genes were silenced in vitro in three-dimensional (3D) cultures of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells derived from the transgenic animals. In contrast to normal mammary epithelial cells, tumor cells failed to form polarized structures containing a lumen in 3D spheroid culture. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of key mediator genes induced these cancer cells to revert to a normalized phenotype in 3D culture. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using genome reverse engineering approaches to identify genes that can potentially induce cancer reversal. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4924. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4924
Timolol-related reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients ages 65-75 years surviving acute myocardial infarction. Prepared for the Norwegian Multicentre Study Group.
Authors: T Gundersen, A M Abrahamsen, J Kjekshus, P K Rønnevik
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Long-term treatment with timolol in patients ages 65--75 years who survived myocardial infarction was related to a significant reduction, compared with placebo, in overall mortality (p less than 0.05), total cardiac death (p less than 0.01), sudden death (p less than 0.05) and reinfarction (p less than 0.01). The analyses were based on 732 patients (384 taking placebo and 348 timolol) from a cohort of 1884 patients in the Norwegian multicenter timolol study. The dosage of timolol was 10 mg twice daily and the patients were followed for 12--33 months (mean 17 months). There were 83 deaths in the placebo group and 52 deaths in the timolol group, a reduction of 35.5%. There were 69 initial reinfarctions in the placebo group and 38 in the timolol group, a reduction of 39.2%. There was no difference in the reduction of mortality and reinfarction between patients 65--75 years of age and patients less than 65 years of age. The incidence of side effects, the number of withdrawals and the reasons for withdrawal were similar in older and younger patients. We conclude that age should not be a decision-making factor concerning timolol therapy in postinfarct patients.
Aortoesophageal fistula following Polyflex stent placement for refractory benign esophageal stricture
Authors: J. Rogart, A. Greenwald, F. Rossi, P. Barrett, H. Aslanian
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 68-year-old woman with a history of Barrett’s esophagus, spinal kyphosis, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, who had been treated with mediastinal radiation 25 years before, presented with a radiation-induced, refractory benign esophageal stricture that had shown only a limited response to monthly balloon dilations. Endoscopy identified an esophageal stricture extending from 21 cm to 23 cm. After controlled radial expansion balloon dilation, a 16 mm × 9 cm, removable, self-expanding plastic stent (Polyflex; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was deployed across the stricture. Her dysphagia resolved and the stent was removed 2 months later ([Fig. 1]).
Roentgenography of the Urinary Tract
Authors: John A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The article by Osborne and colleagues entitled "Roentgenography of Urinary Tract During Excretions of Sodium Iodid" that appeared inThe JournalFeb 10, 1923, is medically of considerable historical importance in that it was the first attempt to provide a simple, safe, practical intravenous (IV) method of visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Visualization of these structures by retrograde ureteral catheterization had been achieved some years earlier in 1906 by Voelcker and von Lichtenberg.<sup>1</sup>However, instrumentation was required — not invariably successful, even as today — and the contrast media used at that time were irritating and even toxic if absorbed. Therefore, retrograde pyelography, despite its limitations, was the only means of demonstrating renal anatomy and, at this time, was only partially successful. An IV method or, even better, an oral method of roentgenographically visualizing the upper urinary tract would be a great contribution to the diagnosis and treatment
Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function
Authors: E. Versi
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and one at the American Forces Madigan Hospital to be built in Seattle) hospital wide projects are being implemented.Individual scientific evaluations of the various components that go to make up PACS are indeed vital but will never predict accurately the performance of a completely integrated system.The Wright brothers could have carried on analysing each individual component of their aeroplane for the rest of their lives, but at the end of the day the only way they could tell whether it would fly was to take to the air.We firmly believe, to pursue this aeronautical metaphor, that the time has come for digital radiology to take off; there will undoubtedly be one or two setbacks, but the fainthearted will remain forever earthbound.
REGULATION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI ENDOTOXIN
Authors: Sven Britton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Normal mouse lymphoid cells have been shown to become specifically paralyzed after in vitro exposure to high doses of detoxified endotoxin of Escherichia coli 055:B5. The immune status of the treated cells was tested after transfer to secondary irradiated hosts. Paralysis was shown to be initiated by events taking place in vitro, since the amount of antigen retained on the cells after the in vitro exposure was insufficient to induce paralysis in vivo. The induction of paralysis was dependent on the concentration of antigen added to the cells in vitro. Certain variables, such as time of exposure and temperature at exposure, influenced the ease by which the cells could be paralyzed. Cells pretreated with trypsin were not susceptible to induction of paralysis by the above procedure.
PTEN-mediated akt/β-Catenin/foxo1 signaling regulates innate immune responses in mouse liver ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Naoko Kamo, Bibo Ke, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) regulates innate immune responses inversely with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its direct downstream target gene, Akt. The Forkhead box O (Foxo) transcription factors are essential in the regulation of tissue development, immune homeostasis, and cell survival. This study was designed to investigate the role of PTEN-mediated Akt/β-catenin/Foxo1 signaling in the regulation of in vivo and in vitro innate immune responses in a mouse model of hepatic inflammatory injury induced by 90 minutes of liver partial warm ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. We found that knockdown of PTEN with small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted Akt/β-catenin/Foxo1 signaling, leading to resistance against liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) damage, local enhancement of antiapoptotic function, and downregulation of innate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. A specific PI3K blockade inhibited Akt/β-catenin signaling, increased Foxo1-mediated TLR4-driven local inflammation, and recreated cardinal features of liver IR injury. Moreover, knockdown of PTEN in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages enhanced β-catenin activity, which in turn provided a negative regulatory feedback to the Foxo1 function, leading to the inhibition of TLR4 and NF-κB, with ultimate depression of proinflammatory cytokine programs in vitro . Conclusion : Our novel findings identify the PTEN-mediated Akt/β-catenin/Foxo1 axis as a key regulator of innate inflammatory response in the mouse liver. By identifying molecular mechanisms of PTEN-mediated Akt/β-catenin/Foxo1 signaling in TLR4 innate immune regulation, our study provides a rationale for therapeutic approaches to manage inflammation injury in IR-stressed liver. (Hepatology 2013)
Seckel's Bird-Headed Dwarfism*
Authors: Victor A. McKusick, Mohsen Mahloudji, Margaret H. Abbott, Richard Lindenberg, Demetrios Kepas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

SECKEL1 described 2 unrelated patients with a condition for which he used Virchow's designation "bird-headed dwarf." Although some of the dwarfs previously reported whom he accepted as examples of the same entity may have had a different disorder, he performed the useful service of calling attention to a specific type of dwarfism with mental retardation. In addition to autosomal recessive inheritance, other features include low birth weight, small head, with large eyes, beaklike protrusion of the nose, narrow face and receding lower jaw, and multiple malformations.The purpose of this report is to describe a family in which 3 of . . .
Evidence that cell surface heparan sulfate is involved in the high affinity thrombin binding to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells.
Authors: K Shimada, T Ozawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

It has been postulated that thrombin binds to endothelial cells through, at least in part, cell surface glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate, which could serve as antithrombin cofactor on the endothelium. In the present study, we have directly evaluated the binding of 125I-labeled bovine thrombin to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. The thrombin binding to the cell surface was rapid, reversible, and displaced by enzymatically inactive diisopropylphosphoryl-thrombin. The concentration of thrombin at half-maximal binding was approximately 20 nM. Both specific and nonspecific binding of 125I-thrombin to the endothelial cell surface was partially inhibited in the presence of protamine sulfate, after the removal of cell surface heparan sulfate by the treatment of cells with crude Flavobacterium heparinum enzyme or purified heparitinase. The binding as a function of the concentration of thrombin revealed that the maximal amount of specific binding was reduced by approximately 50% with little alteration in binding affinity by these enzymatic treatments. The reversibility and active-site independence as well as the rate of the binding did not change after heparitinase treatment. Whereas removal of chondroitin sulfates by chondroitin ABC lyase treatment of cells did not affect the binding, identical enzymatic treatments of [35S]sulfate-labeled cells showed that either heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate was selectively and completely removed from the cell surface by heparitinase or chondroitin ABC lyase treatment, respectively. Furthermore, proteolysis of cell surface proteins by the purified glycosaminoglycan lyases was excluded by the identical enzymatic treatments of [3H]leucine-labeled or cell surface radioiodinated cells. Our results provide the first direct evidence that heparan sulfate on the cell surface is involved in the high-affinity, active site-independent thrombin binding by endothelial cells, and also suggest the presence of thrombin-binding sites that are not directly related to heparan sulfate.