tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RELEASE AND COMMUNITY STAY IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: LEE GUREL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Release and community stay data during an eight-year period were presented for a sample of 442 chronic schizophrenics transferred to 11 VA neuropsychiatric hospitals. These data reflected a rate of release which differed considerably between hospitals and which was in excess of established release probabilities for similar patients. Implications of these findings for current psychiatric thought were presented.
Prediction of cytogenetic abnormalities with gene expression profiles
Authors: Yiming Zhou, Qing Zhang, Owen Stephens, Christoph J. Heuck, Erming Tian, Jeffrey R. Sawyer, Marie-Astrid Cartron-Mizeracki, Pingping Qu, Jason Keller, Joshua Epstein, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy
Journal: Blood (2012)
Regulation of fecal bile acid excretion in male golden Syrian hamsters fed a cereal-based diet with and without added cholesterol
Authors: S D Turley, D K Spady, J M Dietschy
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The objective of these studies was to investigate the comparative physiology and regulation of bile acid metabolism in the male Golden Syrian hamster by measuring the rate of fecal bile acid excretion and bile acid pool size in animals fed a cereal-based diet either alone, or with added cholesterol or cholestyramine. In group-housed hamsters fed only the plain diet fecal bile acid excretion in animals at 6, 10, and 15 weeks of age averaged 11.0, 8.0, and 6.9 μmol/d per 100 g body weight (bw), respectively. Pool size, measured by subtracting from the total amount of bile acid washed out over 12 hours of biliary diversion the amount of bile acid excreted in the stools over the same period, equalled 17.8 μmol/100 g bw in 15-week-old hamsters fed the plain diet. Hence, under basal conditions, these animals turned over about 38% of their bile acid pool daily. In hamsters fed a diet with 3% cholestyramine for 18 days, fecal bile acid excretion averaged 20.6 μmol/d per 100 g bw, and the pool size contracted to 5.8 μmol/100 g bw. In matching animals fed a diet containing 0.12% cholesterol for 30 days, hepatic cholesterol levels increased from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 12.6 ± 0.7 mg/g, fecal bile acid excretion increased marginally from 5.8 to 8.0 μmol/day per 100 g bw, while pool size was unchanged (16.6 μmol/100 g bw). When the cholesterol content of the diet was raised to 1.0%, hepatic cholesterol levels reached 66.5 ± 2.6 mg/g, but bile acid excretion remained at 8 μmol/d per 100 g bw. These data define some of the basal features of bile acid metabolism in the hamster, and substantiate the view that the marked cholesterolemic response of this species may relate partly to a limited ability to convert dietary cholesterol to bile acid.
Functional Analysis of a Cell Cycle–Associated, Tumor-Suppressive Gene, <i>Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type G</i>, in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung, Hong Lok Lung, Siu Chun Hung, Evan Wai Lok Law, Yue Cheng, Wing Lung Yau, Dhinoth Kumar Bangarusamy, Lance D. Miller, Edison Tak-Bun Liu, Jian-Yong Shao, Chang-Wei Kou, Daniel Chua, Eugene R. Zabarovsky, Sai Wah Tsao, Eric J. Stanbridge, Maria Li Lung
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Functional studies to identify the potential role of a chromosome 3p14-21 gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G (PTPRG), were performed. PTPRG was identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by differential gene profiling of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic NPC chromosome 3 microcell hybrids (MCH). Down-regulation of this gene was found in tumor segregants when compared with their corresponding tumor-suppressive MCHs, as well as in NPC cell lines and tumor biopsies. Promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity were found to be important mechanisms contributing to PTPRG silencing. PTPRG overexpression in NPC cell lines induces growth suppression and reduced anchorage-independent growth in vitro. This is the first study to use a tetracycline-responsive vector expression system to study PTPRG stable transfectants. Results indicate its ability to induce significant tumor growth suppression in nude mice under conditions activating transgene expression. These studies now provide functional evidence indicating critical interactions of PTPRG in the extracellular matrix milieu induce cell arrest and changes in cell cycle status. This is associated with inhibition of pRB phosphorylation through down-regulation of cyclin D1. These novel findings enhance our current understanding of how PTPRG may contribute to tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8137–45]
DETERMINANTS OF MAJOR BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON HOSPITAL OUTCOME IN NSTE-ACS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: LESSONS FROM THE EURO HEART SURVEY ACS REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Frank Towae, Ralf Zahn, Marek Gierlotka, Hugo Katus, Wojtek Wojakowski, Michal Tendera, Jean-Pierre Bassand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The contact sensitizer diphenylcyclopropenone has adjuvant properties in mice and potential application in epicutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: S. von Moos, P. Johansen, Y. Waeckerle‐Men, D. Mohanan, G. Senti, A. Häffner, T. M. Kündig
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Epicutaneous vaccination has gained increasing interest during the past decade as it offers a safe, needle‐free, and patient‐friendly alternative to invasive vaccine administrations. Recently, the safety and early efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy were also demonstrated in patients with hay fever, as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous allergen‐specific immunotherapy ( SCIT ). One major challenge to epicutaneous vaccination is the barrier function of the stratum corneum , which must be overcome either by abrasive methods or by hydration. Such barrier function of the stratum corneum also hampers the use of common adjuvants used to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. Methods In a mouse model of allergy, we tested the adjuvant potential of diphenylcyclopropenone ( DCP ), a strong contact sensitizer, which is currently used for the treatment of a T cell‐mediated hair loss disease ( alopezia areata ). Results Diphenylcyclopropenone enhanced antigen‐specific I g G 2a antibody responses as well as IL ‐10 cytokine production after epicutaneous immunization with ovalbumin (OVA). Epicutaneous allergen‐specific immunotherapy ( EPIT ) with OVA and DCP also protected sensitized mice from anaphylaxis and asthma. The protective effect was more robust than that of conventional SCIT , which did not significantly alleviate the symptoms of allergy in the murine models of anaphylaxis and asthma. Conclusions This preclinical study confirmed previous clinical data that have demonstrated the potential of the skin as a target for allergen immunotherapy. The study also suggests that epicutaneous immunization or immunotherapy can be improved when an appropriate adjuvant such as DCP is used.
Safety and efficacy of ustekinumab or golimumab in patients with chronic sarcoidosis
Authors: Marc A. Judson, Robert P. Baughman, Ulrich Costabel, Marjolein Drent, Kevin F. Gibson, Ganesh Raghu, Hidenobu Shigemitsu, Joseph B. Barney, Daniel A. Culver, Nabeel Y. Hamzeh, Marlies S. Wijsenbeek, Carlo Albera, Isham Huizar, Prasheen Agarwal, Carrie Brodmerkel, Rosemary Watt, Elliot S. Barnathan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Sarcoidosis is characterised by non-caseating granulomas that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Ustekinumab and golimumab are monoclonal antibodies that specifically inhibit IL-12/IL-23 and TNF-α, respectively. Patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis (lung group) and/or skin sarcoidosis (skin group) received either 180 mg ustekinumab at week 0 followed by 90 mg every 8 weeks, 200 mg golimumab at week 0 followed by 100 mg every 4 weeks, or placebo. Patients underwent corticosteroid tapering between weeks 16 and 28. The primary end-point was week 16 change in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (ΔFVC % pred) in the lung group. Major secondary end-points were: week 28 for ΔFVC % pred, 6-min walking distance, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (lung group), and Skin Physician Global Assessment response (skin group). At week 16, no significant differences were observed in ΔFVC % pred with ustekinumab (-0.15, p = 0.13) or golimumab (1.15, p = 0.54) compared with placebo (2.02). At week 28, there were no significant improvements in the major secondary end-points, although a nonsignificant numerically greater Skin Physician Global Assessment response was observed following golimumab treatment (53%) when compared with the placebo (30%). Serious adverse events were similar in all treatment groups. Although treatment was well tolerated, neither ustekinumab nor golimumab demonstrated efficacy in pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, trends towards improvement were observed with golimumab in some dermatological end-points.
Pulmonary Embolism in a Transsexual Man Taking Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Kenneth L. Lehrman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE ASSOCIATION of the use of oral contraceptive pills with increased risk of thromboembolism in women has been well documented.1This report describes the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in a normal, healthy man taking estrogens to alter secondary sex characteristics.  Report of a Case  A 29-year-old phenotypic and genotypic man was admitted to the hospital with a history of short-term onset of right shoulder and chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and hemoptysis. The patient did not have any history of varicosities, injuries, or prolonged inactivity, but he felt muscle cramps in both legs prior to the onset of pain. He was being seen at the San Francisco Community Health Center for Special Problems for therapy of transsexualism, which included psychotherapy and diethylstilbestrol, 5 mg every day for two years, in preparation for a sex-reassignment operation.  Initial examination showed a feminineappearing man with gynecomastia and atrophic testes.
Advocates of PSA testing campaign to silence critics
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Advocates of prostate cancer screening have launched a national campaign to silence the editors of the American journal wjm —the Western Journal of Medicine —after the editors wrote an opinion piece in the San Francisco Chronicle arguing that such screening may cause more harm than good.

In the piece the editors, Michael Wilkes and Gavin Yamey, discussed the unreliability of the screening tests used to detect prostate cancer—the digital rectal examination and the prostate specific antigen (PSA).

They also argued that false positive tests cause considerable morbidity related to the complications of prostate …
Smallpox ten years gone: what next?
Authors: N D Noah, N T Begg
Journal: BMJ (1987)

mental disease or handicap, or both, are well recognised.Recent surveys undertaken by the Association of British Neurologists have shown that the existing burden of clinical work and responsibility shouldered by clinical neurologists in Britain is such as to demand an urgent increase in the consultant establishment.We can but hope that Achieving a Balance will start this process.The council of the association recently confirmed that neurologists are willing to play an increasing part in managing neurological disability, but this will be possible only when existing clinical pressures are relieved.The advice which doctors and health authorities have received from innumerable authoritative sources over more than 30 years is unequivocal and clear.We have heard about the Cinderella specialties, and rehabilitation is plainly one.Resources are finite and rapid expansion may be impractic- able, but a rapid ascent for this specialty in the priority stakes is clearly justified-and neurologists are prepared to participate fully.And surely all health authorities should urgently re-examine the rehabilitation facilities they now provide and correct the most glaring deficiencies.
DMSO and colchicine therapy in amyloid disease.
Authors: M A Scheinberg, J C Pernambuco, M D Benson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

There is no specific therapy for primary amyloidosis, and acquired generalised amyloidosis can be treated only if the underlying disease is eliminated. In this study we have investigated the role of colchicine therapy in primary amyloidosis, and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in leprosy associated secondary amyloidosis. No effect on creatinine clearance or 24 h proteinuria could be observed in the patients with primary amyloidosis. In the DMSO group renal function was considerably improved in 3 patients with moderate renal failure but not in those with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min). Serum SAA determinations were not particularly informative. These findings point to a beneficial effect of DMSO in human secondary amyloidosis when given at an early stage of renal involvement.
Impact of Smoking on Health-Related Quality of Life After Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Deborah A. Taira, Todd B. Seto, Kalon K. L. Ho, Harlan M. Krumholz, Donald E. Cutlip, Ronna Berezin, Richard E. Kuntz, David J. Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

PTCA is performed primarily to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. In patients undergoing PTCA, smoking has been shown to increase risks of late myocardial infarction and death. Whether smoking also affects HRQOL after PTCA is currently unknown.We examined the relation between smoking status and HRQOL among 1432 patients who underwent PTCA as part of 2 multicenter clinical trials. HRQOL was assessed with the use of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 questionnaire. Patients were classified as smokers (n=301), quitters (n=141), or nonsmokers (n=990) on the basis of their smoking status at the time of their index procedure and during the first year of follow-up. For the overall population, HRQOL improved significantly after PTCA for all scales except general health perception, with improvements ranging from 5.5 points for mental health to 23.2 points for role-physical functioning. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and initial HRQOL, nonsmokers had gains at 6 months that were larger than those of smokers for all health domains: physical function (15.4 versus 10.4 points), role-physical (24.5 versus 13.9), pain (18.4 versus 13.3), general health perception (1.7 versus -4.5), vitality (11.0 versus 4. 7), social function (12.8 versus 3.5), role-emotional (13.5 versus 6. 7), and mental health (6.8 versus 0.8; P:<0.02 for all comparisons). Quitters had 6-month HRQOL improvements that were greater than those in smokers for all domains as well. Findings were similar at 1 year.Quality-of-life benefits of PTCA are diminished by continued smoking. Efforts to promote smoking cessation at the time of PTCA may substantially improve the health outcomes of these procedures.
Atheromatous Embolization
Authors: S. J. Hoye, S. Teitelbaum, Ira Gore, Richard Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

EMBOLIZATION of eroded atheromatous plaques has long been recognized by pathologists. Until recently its clinical significance has not been fully appreciated. Panum,1 in 1862, was the first to describe atherosclerotic embolization; in his patient the embolus occluded a coronary artery and caused death. Doch's2 case, 1896, the first American report, was also one of coronary occlusion and death from multiple cholesterol-rich emboli. By 1915 there was sufficient awareness of the condition for Allbutt3 to include it in his textbook. Both Aschoff4 and Kaufmann5 described it in their pathology textbooks. More recently, the reports of Flory,6 Zak and Elias,7 Thurlbeck and . . .
The Challenging Chase for Nutrigenetic Predictors of Metabolic Responses to Dietary Interventions
Authors: Mark A. Sarzynski, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is of interest to identify genetic factors associated with changes in MetS in response to dietary interventions to maximize the individual benefits gained from preventive or therapeutic measures (i.e., personalized nutrition). In this issue of Diabetes Care , Qi et al. (1) examined the contributions of two genetic variants (rs1522813 and rs2943641) near the insulin receptor substrate 1 ( IRS1 ) gene and their interactions with dietary fat intake on the reversion of the MetS using the data of the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) study.

The POUNDS LOST study was a 2-year population-based trial in which 811 overweight and obese adults (64% females) were randomly assigned to one of four diets (2). The percentage of calories derived from the macronutrients varied 20–40% for dietary fat, 15–25% for protein, and 35–65% for carbohydrates. A total of 645 subjects were defined as completers and they lost 4 kg on average with no significant differences among the four dietary groups. MetS was present in 32% of the participants at baseline and this prevalence was reduced to ∼20% at 2 years with no differences between diet groups. Participants changed their diets in the direction of the specified macronutrient goals, but these goals were not fully achieved. For instance, the reported fat intake at 2 years differed from the targets by almost 7 percentage points, with the differences being ∼7% higher for the 20% dietary fat diet group and ∼7% lower for the 40% fat diet group (2).

For reasons not specified in the article, Qi et al. used 738 subjects for the current study, a number that apparently includes almost 100 noncompleters as defined in the …
Abstract 2825: Using SHG to study breast cancer tumor progression.
Authors: Kathleen A. Burke, Edward Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The majority of cancer mortality is a result of metastatic events, making it increasingly important to uncover prognostic markers that can predict the metastatic potential of a primary tumor to aid in determining the best course of patient treatment. Stromal extracellular matrix restructuring increases efficiency of cell migration away from the primary tumor into surrounding tissues and vasculature, thereby enhancing metastatic potential. We have determined that the ratio of the forward propagating to backward propagating Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signals from type I collagen can be used as a quantitative method of differentiating healthy and tumor breast tissue, and tracking stromal changes throughout tumor progression. Tumors were graded and staged according to standard pathological qualifications, incorporating morphological changes in the tissue as well as extent of tumor growth and invasion. As the tumor cells initiate development in the ducts of the breast tissue the F/B ratio of the fibrillar collagen does not change. Upon progression from an in situ to an invasive carcinoma the F/B ratio of ductal tumors significantly decreases. Taking a closer look at this phenomenon, to examine whether the invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding tissue causes an immediate change in the F/B ratio, tumors of varying grade and stage were analyzed showing significant trends throughout development. Increased tumor grade was associated with a gradual decrease in the F/B ratio, whereas size of the tumor had no significant effect on the F/B but all sizes were significantly lower than healthy tissue. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the F/B ratio associated with the furthest progression of lymph-node involvement. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma analysis revealed a similar decrease in F/B, but was not affected by lymph node involvement. On the other hand F/B of these tumors was significantly affected by an interaction with the chest or skin. These results provide insight into the different development processes undergone by two related breast carcinomas, which could differ due to their alternative methods of invasion and stromal components. F/B ratio measurements can be used alongside pathological analysis to provide information about the metastatic potential of the primary tumor, as demonstrated by the relationship between F/B ratio of IDC and lymph node metastasis. Enhanced scientific understanding of stromal development could be applied to the development of improved biomarkers and metastatic treatment methods. Citation Format: Kathleen A. Burke, Edward Brown. Using SHG to study breast cancer tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2825. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2825
Book Review Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Edited by Josy Reiffers, John M. Goldman, and James O. Armitage. 276 pp. St. Louis, Mosby, 1998. $120. 1-85317-291-X Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: Biological and clinical results in malignancies (Advances in Blood Disorders. Vol. 2.) Edited by Angelo M. Carella. 453 pp. Amsterdam, Harwood Academic, 1997. $120. 0-3-7186-5933-6
Authors: Gösta Gahrton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Caffeine and Benign Breast Disease
Authors: John Peter Minton
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The article on caffeine and benign breast disease in the April 26 issue of JAMA  1 has serious flaws and is misleading to the medical profession and the public. The article indicates that there are 854 patients with benign breast disease in the study group and claims there is no relationship between caffeine and benign breast disease. In this report, there are 179 patients with fibroadenoma, a tumor that, in our studies, has never indicated a sensitivity to methylxanthines.  In addition, the study group includes 97 patients with no specific histopathology and 46 patients with a diagnosis of granuloma. None of these three conditions, as far as I know, have ever been suspected of being sensitive to methylxanthines.  This means a total of 322 (38% ) out of 854 of the patients really do not belong in a study evaluating the effects of caffeine on benign breast disease.
Antisense <i>fos</i> B RNA Inhibits Thrombin-Induced Hypertrophy in Cultured Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chuanyi Lu, Frank J. Giordano, Xuping Bao, Kemberlyn C. Morris, Abraham Rothman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We have previously reported that fos B mRNA is induced by hypertrophic stimuli (thrombin, angiotensin II) but not proliferative stimuli (platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) ( J Biol Chem . 1994;9:6399–6404). Our aim in the present study was to investigate the potential role of FosB in PASMC hypertrophy. Methods and Results —Adenoviruses carrying sense or antisense fos B RNA expression cassettes were used to infect cultured PASMCs with the aim of increasing or inhibiting fos B expression, respectively. We examined whether fos B expression modification affected the growth of quiescent PASMCs, thrombin-induced hypertrophy, or platelet-derived growth factor–induced proliferation. PASMC growth was assessed by daily cell number count, determination of [ 3 H]leucine incorporation, and quantification of total cellular protein. Neither an increase nor a decrease in FosB protein expression caused a significant change in the growth of quiescent PASMCs over a period of 96 hours, indicating that FosB alone is not sufficient to induce hypertrophy. Modification of FosB levels did not affect platelet-derived growth factor–induced PASMC proliferation. An increase in FosB expression did not augment thrombin-induced hypertrophy; however, inhibition of FosB expression resulted in a diminution of thrombin-induced hypertrophy by 58±6% ( P &lt;0.005). Conclusions —These results suggest that FosB is necessary but not sufficient for thrombin-induced hypertrophy in cultured PASMCs.