tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Turner Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ilja J. Weinrieb, Robert M. Fineman, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Growth retardation often accompanies inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents, usually from a combination of nutritional and inflammatory factors. We have seen two patients with growth retardation and inflammatory bowel disease who, in addition, had chromosomal variants of the Turner syndrome. In one, growth retardation had been deemed the result of inflammatory bowel disease, and if the diagnosis of the Turner syndrome had not been made, resection of the involved bowel might have been carried out.Case ReportsCase 1. A girl born in June, 1954, was seen at Yale–New Haven Hospital in 1965 for evaluation of short stature . . .
Nicotine Patch Therapy in Smoking Cessation Reduces the Extent of Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: John J Mahmarian, Lemuel A Moyé, George A Nasser, Sherif F Nagueh, Marilyn F Bloom, Neal L Benowitz, Mario S Verani, William G Byrd, Craig M Pratt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: John H. Moxley
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A CONSENSUS Development Conference on "The Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer: Management of Local Disease" was held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on June 5, 1979. The NIH Consensus Development Program brings together practicing physicians, biomedical research scientists, consumers, and other interested parties in an effort to reach general agreement on the safety and efficacy of a medical technology, whether it be a drug, device, or medical or surgical procedure. Thus, this was an appropriate forum in which to reexamine issues concerned with the treatment of primary breast cancer. Specifically, the purpose of the conference was to address the following question: Are there clinical alternatives to the radical mastectomy that minimize patient morbidity and yet do not decrease a patient's survival potential? Scientific pursuit of this issue, ie, to minimize morbidity without compromising equal probability of survival, reflects one of the major objectives of the Division of Cancer
Battling HIV on Many Fronts
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

After years of bad news, there is optimism in the battle against AIDS. In the United States, the number of deaths declined 19 percent in the first nine months of 1996 as compared with the same period in 1995 — from 37,900 to 30,700.1 Among the many reasons are better medical care and better treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and opportunistic infections.Two reports in this issue of the Journal provide compelling data on the benefits of a three-drug regimen consisting of a protease inhibitor and two nucleoside analogues. Hammer et al. studied 1156 patients with HIV infection, . . .
NICE must do better at summarising and communicating evidence on statins
Authors: B. M. Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Homelessness and marginalized subpopulations, such as those without stable place of living, migrants, ethnic groups are at a greater risk of TB. In the R.Moldova were 150.000 homeless in 2016. Kishinev accounted 693 TB patients, among them 147 (21%) were homeless. The aim: assessment of the risk factors and their impact on the disease outcome. Methodology: retrospective, selective study of 419 TB patients registered as homeless in Kishinev during 2015-2017 was performed. <b>Results:</b> male/female ratio=3,5/1; urban/rural ratio=3,5/1, most affected age groups were 35-54 y.o. 226(54%), followed by 18-35 y.o. 125(3%) and older than 55 y.o. 56(13%). Unemployment and lack of insurance was identified in 328(78%), low level of scholarity 342(82%), extreme poverty 281(67%), alcoholism 61(15%), drug use 7(2%), HIV 52(12%), TB contact 48(11%), history of detention 41(9%), recent history of migration 53(13%) and psychic disorders 4(0,9%) cases. New cases were 233(56%) and previously treated 186(44%), including relapse 84(20%), failure 18(5%) and recovered after default 84(20%) cases. Pulmonary TB-diagnosed in 399(95%), milliary 25(6%), generalised 6(8%) and extrapulmonary TB 13(3%) cases. Lung destruction/cavernas 206(49%), AFB positive were146 (35%), positive for MBT cultivation 145(33%), positive Xpert MTB/Rif 184(46%) among them resistant 84(20%). Were treated 406(97%) and postmortem were diagnosed 8(1%). Successfully treated were 155(37%), died 48(11%), failed 5(1%), were lost to follow-up 74(17%) and were continuing the treatment 140(33%) cases. <b>Conclusion:</b> risk factors for TB at homeless were male sex, middle adulthood, low scholarity, HIV and harmful habits, which were perceived on low success rate. Homeless should be screened annually as high risk groups.
Genetics in Medicine
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Genetics of Man, by F. Clarke Fraser and James J. Nora, ed 2; 352 pp, with illus, $31, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1986.  Thompson and Thompson's Genetics in Medicine has established itself as a useful text for medical students and physicians having no prior knowledge of genetics. The purpose is  introduce medical students to the principles, language and methods of human genetics and to indicate some of its actual and potential medical significance. This edition, the first revised solely by Margaret W. Thompson, continues a successful tradition.  The format remains that of previous editions. Initially, chapters are devoted to reviewing principles of medical genetics: cytogenetics and the clinical spectrum of chromosomal aberrations; single-gene inheritance, illustrated by hemoglobinopathies and metabolic disorders; molecular genetics; and multifactorial inheritance. A series of topics is then succinctly covered as separate chapters: immunogenetics, blood grouping, somatic-cell genetics, population genetics, twins, developmental genetics, linkage and mapping,
Abstract S5-4: EGFR expression measured by quantitative immunofluorescense is associated with decreased benefit from trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting in the NCCTG (Alliance) N9831 trial.
Authors: D Rimm, KV Ballman, H Cheng, M Vassilakopoulou, B Chen, J Gralow, C Hudis, NE Davidson, A Psyrri, G Fountzilas, EA Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR, HER1) is known to heterodimerize with HER2 and may impact the effectiveness of trastuzumab. Historically, EGFR has been difficult to measure; thus there is no evidence regarding its effects on trastuzumab clinical therapy. Here we use a new, standardized, quantitative immunofluorescence assay and a novel EGFR antibody to evaluate the correlation between EGFR expression and clinical outcome in a cohort from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG, Alliance) N9831 trial. Methods: Of the 3505 women in the N9831 trial, tissue microarrays were constructed that allowed analysis of 1,444 patients randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy alone (Arm A), sequential trastuzumab after chemotherapy (Arm B) or concurrent trastuzumab with chemotherapy (Arm C). Fluorescence-based, standardized measurement of EGFR was done using the rabbit monoclonal EGFR antibody D38B1 on the AQUA platform (HistoRx). EGFR expression levels were analyzed as a continuous variable and dichotomized using recursive partitioning to define an optimal cut point. The cut point was validated on an independent retrospective cohort comprised of 130 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who received trastuzumab. Results: EGFR assessed as a continuous variable shows an association with disease free survival (DFS) in Arm C (p = 0.002) but not in Arms A or B. Dichotomizing EGFR expression shows that high level expression is associated with worse outcome (HR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.33–3.59, p = 0.002) in arm C. Five year DFS within the low level EGFR expression group was 71%, 74% and 90% for Arms A, B and C, respectively (log-rank p-value=0.02) and within the high level EGFR expression (n = 213) group was 62%, 76% and 74% respectively (log-rank p-value 0.22). As validation, the same cut-point was used to define high EGFR expression in a retrospective metastatic breast cancer cohort. The median progression free survival difference between EGFR high group and EGFR low group was 6.1 months (p = 0.0063) and the hazard ratio of high EGFR was 1.92 (p = 0.0073). Conclusions: High expression of EGFR by the AQUA platform appears to be associated with decreased benefit from adjuvant concurrent (not sequential) trastuzumab and shorter PFS in the metastatic setting. The biological underpinning for these observations is being considered. Since there are other treatment options for HER2-driven tumors, this marker, once validated, could help select patients for alternative or additive therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S5-4.
Introducing Molecular Pathways
Authors: William N. Hait
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, we are very excited to launch a new feature, under the editorial leadership of Dr. Patricia Steeg. Because our knowledge base on molecular pathways is increasing so rapidly, it is increasingly difficult to stay up to date on more than a few. Thus, we developed this feature to help clinical/translational researchers remain current with signaling pathways that will form the basis of new methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in the future.Invited contributors will briefly relate the history of the pathway and then summarize new developments. Finally, we asked them to focus on the clinical/translational potential that they or colleagues around the world envision for the future. We invite our readers make requests for pathways that they would like us to cover by contacting Dr. Steeg at steegp@mail.nih.gov.
Prevalence and Severity of Asthma Symptoms in Adult Population of Northern Argentina
Authors: M.A. Najo, A. Teijeiro, R.C. Baena-Cagnani, M. Gomez, R. Jossen, M.E. Zernotti, G.E. Zabert, W. Canonica, C.E. Baena-Cagnani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Comparison of isopotential surface mapping and dipole ranging methods for assessing equivalent cardiac generator properties
Authors: D. M MIRVIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The ability of two methods of processing surface electrical potentials to detect nondipolar cardiac activity were compared. These were: 1) visual inspection of surface isopotential contours; and 2) quantitative determination of the cardiac equivalent generator properties of the sensed field using a single moving dipole construct. Data were derived from 26 isolated rabbit heart preparations contained within a spherical test chamber. Results demonstrated that: 1) overtly dipolar isopotential surface patterns were frequently associated with poor quantitative fit of surface potentials by the SMD, with up to 33.3% of recorded summed square (SSQ) potential remaining as nondipolar residual; 2) nondipolar surface patterns existed with as little as 6% of SSQ potential being unattributable to the SMD; and 3) the relationship between isopotential patterns and quantitated dipolarity varied significantly from animal to animal. Thus, these data suggest significant discrepancies between the methods that must be carefully considered when they are utilised to describe electrical field characteristics.
Luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels after hysterectomy.
Authors: P J Beumont, J P Carr, D H Richards, S Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of crosslinking enzymes catalyzing the formation of intra- and inter-molecular glutamine-lysine isopeptide bonds in a calcium dependent manner. Activation of transglutaminases is pathogenically associated with severe human diseases including neurodegenerations, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Although continuous efforts determining the enzymes’ substrate preference have been witnessed, a high-throughput assay platform with the “omic” efficiency is still missing for the global identification of substrate-specific TG modification sites. In this study we report a protein microarray-based <i>in vitro</i> TG assay platform for rapid and large-scale (up to 30000 reactions per chip) determination of the glutamine (Q)-bearing TG modification motifs. With this platform we identified the Q16 in superoxide dismutase 1 and Q109 in alpha-synuclein as the primary modification sites for tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the most ubiquitous member of the enzyme family. Of particular interest, we found a close match between the modification motifs and published vaccine epitope sequences in alpha-synuclein, implying an essential and intrinsic role transglutaminase might play in the determination of immunodominant epitopes. Our data collectively suggest the glutamine and its follow-up five residues on the C terminal of a protein compose a minimal determinant motif for TG2 modification and, more importantly, the TG2 modification motifs determined by our platform could finally correspond to the substrate’s immunodominant epitope sequences in antigen processing. To establish an efficient approach to optimize the enzyme modification motifs and screen for site-specific interfering peptides, we scanned the known TG2 modification motifs with <i>onchip</i> amino-acid swapping and glutamine repeat addition, and obtained multiple variants with significantly upregulated TG2 reactivity. This approach could also be employed to improve the target peptide’s immunogenicity. Taken together, our synthetic transglutaminase assay platform might be able to deliver a precise epitope blueprint for immunotherapeutic targeting and provide pilot and directional studies for TG-based peptide discovery and immunogen design.
Ga-67 Imaging in Hodgkin??s Disease
Authors: J HUYS, K SCHELSTRAETE, M SIMONS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

In order to answer the question if Ga-67 imaging has a practical utility for the management of the patient with Hodgkin's disease, 108 scans performed on 60 patients were reviewed. When used during the initial staging of the disease or during restaging because of recurrences, Ga-67 imaging—at least in our experience—gave many false negative results in the cervical, axillary and inguinal areas, whereas the majority of true positive scans was found at the mediastinal level (including the lower mediastinum), and also in the lung parenchyma and the upper epigastric regions. Because of its lack of sensitivity, Ga-67 imaging cannot replace other staging procedures, but nevertheless is a valuable adjunctive test, as it can identify tumor localization that may have remained undetected by other methods. Fifty-four scans were performed to monitor treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapeutic agents. Disappearance or decrease of Ga-67 uptake after treatment usually corresponded to a disappearance or regression of the tumor as ascertained by other methods. When the treatment was shown to be ineffective, Ga-67 uptake persisted or even became more prominent. When, during follow-up, a new concentration of Ga-67 appeared at the original location or elsewhere, a relapse was extremely likely. However, one must be aware of false positive images. In our material, no correlation was found between the intensity of the Ga-67 uptake and the histological subtypes of Hodgkin's disease. Neither did we observe any relation to the blood sedimentation rate or serum iron levels.
Trend to Specialization Reversing?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE AMERICAN health care system is top-heavy with specialists, critics say. Efforts are getting under way to reverse the trend on grounds that a system dominated by specialties results in ever-increasing costs and lack of access to basic care. But it's uphill work. That is the conclusion of experts attending a recent Washington, DC, conference on primary care sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services. It was held at a time when some states even are considering reducing state university medical school funding if the institutions do not graduate more primary care physicians. Stuart H. Altman, PhD, dean, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass, notes that, in virtually all developed nations, primary care physicians predominate. "In Australia," he says, "73% of physicans are primary care providers, in Canada it's 52%, in West Germany 45%, in Great Britain 70%, but in the United States it's 33% and falling." Steven A. Schroeder,
Pulmonary vascular disease with congenital heart lesions: pathologic features and causes.
Authors: J I Hoffman, A M Rudolph, M A Heymann
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Pulmonary vascular disease, a serious complication of many congenital heart lesions, has three major components: increased muscularity of small pulmonary arteries; intimal hyperplasia, scarring and thrombosis; and reduced numbers of intraacinar arteries. The muscularity is due to increased stress on the vessel wall, and is reversible. The intimal changes may be due to endothelial damage, causing an imbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production and leading to local platelet aggregation. This, in turn, may stimulate migration and division of myointimal cells, which thicken the intima and lead to scarring and thrombosis. Extensive intimal changes are probably irreversible, but the possibility of preventing them by use of agents that inhibit platelet aggregation needs to be considered. The mechanism of a decrease in numbers of intraacinar arteries is unexplained. The potential for growth of new vessels after corrective surgery of the cardiac defect is an important factor in restoring pulmonary vascular resistance to normal. Available evidence suggests that this growth potential is reduced after 2 years of age and argues for early surgical relief of pulmonary vascular stresses.
THE TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS OF ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: HENRY W. FRAUENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Laymen, and some members of the profession, accept a statement made by Dr. Simon Flexner of the Rockefeller Institute, New York City, that no treatment is available at the present time for anterior poliomyelitis, as referring to the subsequent paralysis, whereas, Dr. Flexner is referring to the inflammation in the cord. It has been the means of deterring parents from making an effort toward treating the paralysis occurring in their children. What Dr. Flexner wished to convey in his remarks was that as yet nothing was known to arrest the inflammation in the cord and prevent the paralysis occurring before paralysis appears. What can we do to bring about the best return of function in the muscles affected by the paralysis? What should treatment consist of? The treatment herein presented consists of the use of electricity, massage, hydrotherapeutics and muscle education, in which there is a mental concentration to
Nalidixic acid and intracranial hypertension.
Authors: L Kremer, M Walton, E N Wardle
Journal: BMJ (1967)

ized maculo-papular rash appeared, which was partly petechial on her legs.There was no lymphadenopathy and the spleen was not palpable.The results of blood counts are shown below.* ~~~~0 0 1 11,000 4,400 (40%) 1,210 (11%) 4,950 (45%) 3 17,000 5,780 (34%) 1,050 ( 5%) 10,030 (59%) 11 12,000 4,440 (37%) 3,480 (29%) 3,360 (28%) 24 9,000 6,390 (71%) 270 ( 3%) 1,890 (21%) On days 1 and 3 nearly all the lymphocytes were atypical, and about half of these resembled glandular-fever cells.By day 11 the latter had disappeared and only an occasional lymphocyte was atypical.On day 24 the leucocyte picture was normal.The haemoglobin level and platelet count were constantly normal.Paul-Bunnell tests were repeatedly negative, and toxoplasma dye tests gave litres of 256 during and for three months after the illness.and I. D.
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i>in a patient with advanced tuberculosis
Authors: None Kim, None Kang, None Matsumoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala jeanselmei in an 84‐year‐old Korean farmer suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. He presented with six subcutaneous, fluctuant abscesses on the left distal forearm and wrist. Subcutaneous infections by E. jeanselmei mostly present as a solitary cyst or abscess on an extremity. The present case showed localized multiple abscesses suggesting metastatic tuberculous abscesses or other pyogenic bacterial infections.
American Medical Association rejects proposal to ban consumer adverts for prescription medicines
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The American Medical Association (AMA) has turned down a proposal to support a ban on advertisements for prescription drugs aimed at consumers. Instead, the organisation voted at a meeting of its House of Delegates for more research.

Advertisements for prescription medicines have provided a constant revenue stream for print and broadcast media since 1997, when the Food and Drug Administration lifted restrictions …
Association Between Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits, Meteorological Measurements, and Air Quality Concentrations in the Bronx (2001-2008)
Authors: Ryan Abraham, Jennifer Toh, Tulsi Desai, Mili Shum, Priyank Patel, David L. Rosenstreich, Sunit Jariwala
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
What is a good GP?
Authors: J B O'Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A single-needle single-site technique for bone marrow aspiration and core biopsy has been compared with a two-needle technique, using 30 randomly selected patients who required these two investigations. In addition, two single-needle techniques were compared, aspirating immediately after penetrating the cortex or, alternatively, aspirating after the needle (without the stilette) had been advanced 20–25 mm. The two-needle technique was found to be superior to either of the single-needle techniques, which often resulted in a biopsy specimen that was denuded of bone marrow cells.
Feasibility of tomographic 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-isonitrile imaging for the assessment of myocardial area at risk and the effect of treatment in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: R J Gibbons, M S Verani, T Behrenbeck, P A Pellikka, M K O'Connor, J J Mahmarian, J H Chesebro, F J Wackers
Journal: Circulation (1989)

99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-isonitrile (Tc-Sestamibi), a new myocardial perfusion radiopharmaceutical, was injected intravenously in 11 patients within 4 hours of the onset of acute myocardial infarction before treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and 6-14 days later. Five patients with acute myocardial infarction who did not receive intravenous thrombolytic therapy underwent a similar injection of radiopharmaceutical. The absence of redistribution of Tc-Sestamibi permitted imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography up to 6 hours after intravenous injection to assess the distribution of myocardial perfusion at the time of administration. The region of hypoperfused myocardium on the initial images varied widely from 9% to 68% of the left ventricle and was significantly greater in anterior than in inferior infarcts (p less than 0.01). The region of hypoperfused myocardium on the final images varied widely from 0% to 63% of the left ventricle and was also greater in anterior infarcts (p less than 0.01). The final hypoperfused region correlated (r = -0.82) with the late resting ejection fraction and with the late regional wall motion score in the infarct segment for both anterior (r = -0.74) and inferior (r = -0.97) infarcts. There was a significant decrease (-13 +/- 11%, p less than 0.003) in the extent of hypoperfused myocardium between the initial and final studies in the patients who received thrombolytic therapy compared with an insignificant increase (4 +/- 6%, p greater than 0.5) in the patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Tomographic imaging with Tc-Sestamibi permits determination of the amount of hypoperfused myocardium "at risk" in acute myocardial infarction. The change in myocardial perfusion determined by Tc-Sestamibi before and after therapy in acute myocardial infarction is a promising tool for assessing treatment.