tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Precision of Classifying Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Craig M. Pratt, Patricia S. Greenway, Mark H. Schoenfeld, Mary Lou Hibben, James A. Reiffel
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background As cardiovascular clinical trials improve in sophistication and therapies target specific cardiac mechanisms of death, a more objective and precise system to identify specific cause of death is needed. Ideally, sudden cardiac death would describe patients dying of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. In this context, we explored the precision of current sudden death classification and implications for clinical trials. Methods and Results Deaths were analyzed in 834 patients who received an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Three arrhythmia experts used a standard prospective classification system to classify deaths into accepted categories: sudden cardiac, nonsudden cardiac, and noncardiac. New aspects to this study included analysis of autopsy results and ICD interrogation for arrhythmias at the time of death. All of the patients receiving the ICD previously had documented sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation or cardiac arrest. Of the 109 subsequent deaths in the 834-patient database, 17 (16%) were classified as sudden cardiac. Compared with the nonsudden cardiac and noncardiac categories, sudden cardiac death was more often identified in outpatients (59% versus 10%) and witnessed less often (41% versus 86%; both P &lt;.001). The autopsy information contradicted and changed the clinical perception of a “sudden cardiac death” in 7 cases (myocardial infarction [n=1], pulmonary embolism [n=2], cerebral infarction [n=1], ruptured thoracic [n=1], and abdominal aortic aneurysms [n=2]). Interpretable ICD interrogation was available in 53% of the deaths (47% unavailable: buried, programmed off, or other technical reasons). When evaluated, only 7 of 17 “sudden deaths” were associated with ICD discharges near the time of death. Conclusions Even in a group of patients with an ICD, deaths classified as sudden cardiac frequently were not associated with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and were often noncardiac. It is possible to create a wide range of sudden cardiac death rates (more than fourfold) using the identical clinical database despite objective, prespecified criteria. Autopsy results frequently reveal noncardiac causes of clinical events simulating sudden cardiac death. ICD interrogation revealed that ICD discharges were often related to terminal arrhythmias incidental to the primary pathophysiological process leading to death.
Maternal obesity during pregnancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular event in adult offspring: follow-up of 1 323 275 person years
Authors: R. M. Reynolds, K. M. Allan, E. A. Raja, S. Bhattacharya, G. McNeill, P. C. Hannaford, N. Sarwar, A. J. Lee, S. Bhattacharya, J. E. Norman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular events in adult offspring. <b>Design</b> Record linkage cohort analysis. <b>Setting</b> Birth records from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal databank linked to the General Register of Deaths, Scotland, and the Scottish Morbidity Record systems. <b>Population</b> 37 709 people with birth records from 1950 to present day. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Death and hospital admissions for cardiovascular events up to 1 January 2012 in offspring aged 34-61. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measured at the first antenatal visit. The effect of maternal obesity on outcomes in offspring was tested with time to event analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression to compare outcomes in offspring of mothers in underweight, overweight, or obese categories of BMI compared with offspring of women with normal BMI. <b>Results</b> All cause mortality was increased in offspring of obese mothers (BMI &gt;30) compared with mothers with normal BMI after adjustment for maternal age at delivery, socioeconomic status, sex of offspring, current age, birth weight, gestation at delivery, and gestation at measurement of BMI (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.55). In adjusted models, offspring of obese mothers also had an increased risk of hospital admission for a cardiovascular event (1.29, 1.06 to 1.57) compared with offspring of mothers with normal BMI. The offspring of overweight mothers also had a higher risk of adverse outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of premature death in adult offspring. As one in five women in the United Kingdom is obese at antenatal booking, strategies to optimise weight before pregnancy are urgently required.
Combining the Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Vandetanib with the Antiestrogen Fulvestrant Enhances Its Antitumor Effect in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jill M. Siegfried, Christopher T. Gubish, Mary E. Rothstein, Cassandra Henry, Laura P. Stabile
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Mesoporous NaYbF4@NaGdF4 core-shell up-conversion nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and multimodal imaging
Authors: Liangjun Zhou, Xiaopeng Zheng, Zhanjun Gu, Wenyan Yin, Xiao Zhang, Longfei Ruan, Yanbo Yang, Zhongbo Hu, Yuliang Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
In the Mind's Eye: Enhancing Human Performance
Authors: Michael Thackrey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

An individual lacking in self-confidence listens to a tape of the ocean surf and the cry of gulls; embedded below the threshold of hearing are affirmations, such as "I am a secure person. I believe in myself more and more every day." Will his self-esteem be enhanced? A stressed-out person feels uncomfortably revved up; she seeks out a quiet place, closes her eyes, and repeats a Sanskrit mantra. Will her heart rate be slowed? An undercover government operative makes a life-and-death decision as to whether an informant's statement is the truth or a deliberate lie; he pays close attention to the other's body cues and tone of voice. Will such signs help him to decide correctly? These questions, and more, are the subject of<i>In the</i><i>Mind's Eye: Enhancing Human Performance</i>(and the respective answers are probably not, not better than simply sitting quietly, and probably so). Following up on
Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Roy Patterson, C.R. Zeiss, J.F. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Early in the development of immunology, it was realized that individuals possessed the ability to recognize foreign materials by an immune system and to protect themselves against invasion by foreign agents, such as microbes, with this immune system. Somewhat later, it became evident that certain reactions of the immune system with a foreign material might be damaging to the host rather than protective, and terms such as allergy (altered state of reactivity) and hypersensitivity appeared. Throughout the first 76 years of this century, increasing numbers of different types of hypersensitivity reactions were found in the laboratory by purposeful induction of . . .
Comparison of Preseasonal and Coseasonal Allpyral with Depo-Medrone in Summer Hay-fever
Authors: M. A. Ganderton, J. Brostoff, A. W. Frankland
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Three hundred patients with grass pollen hay-fever, with or without pollen asthma, were given one of three forms of treatment: preseasonal or coseasonal alum-precipitated pyridine extracted grass pollen (Allpyral) or methylprednisolone acetate in slow-release form (Depo-Medrone). Significant improvement was obtained with preseasonal Allpyral and with Depo-Medrone, but the degree of improvement obtained with coseasonal Allpyral fell within the limits of placebo response.Nevertheless, it is considered that the definite suppression of the pituitary-adrenal function which results from the use of a long-term steroid is not justified in a benign condition such as hay-fever.
Inducing Potency of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells and Mice by Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Congeners
Authors: Junya Nagayama, Chikako Kiyohara, Yoshito Masuda, Masanori Kuratsune
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-inducing potency of eight polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) isomers, 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxon (TCDD) in two inbred mouse strains (AHH responsive and nonresponsive mouse strains) and eight human lymphoblastoid cell lines (four males and four females) was investigated to evaluate their relative toxic potency.In AHH nonresponsive DBA mouse strain, only TCDD induced hepatic AHH activity at a dose of 30 ,ug/kg, while in AHH responsive C57 mouse strain, six PCDF isomers besides TCDD could enhance the enzyme activity significantly.2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,7,8- PCDF) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) showed the highest AHH inducing activity among the PCDF isomers tested.In contrast with the results obtained from the mouse experiments, in human lymphoblastoid cells, 2, 3,4,7,1,2,3,4,6,2,3,4,6, and 1,2,3,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,4,7,8-HCDF) elicited the highest AHH induction and were as potent AHH inducers as TCDD.These observations suggest that toxicities of2,3,4,7,8-PCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7-HCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HCDF in human tissues may be comparable to that of TCDD.It was also observed that in both male and female human cell lines, the degree of AHH inducibilities of these compounds were roughly parallel to that of 3-methylcholanthrene, possibly indicating that genetic susceptibility among human population to the toxic compounds are also present similar to those reported among mouse strains.
Effective use of optimized, high-dose (50kGy) gamma irradiation for pathogen inactivation of human bone allografts
Authors: Teri A. Grieb, Ren-Yo Forng, Richard E. Stafford, Jack Lin, Jamie Almeida, Simon Bogdansky, Chad Ronholdt, William N. Drohan, Wilson H. Burgess
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Extracorporeal Renal Parenchymal Surgery With Continuous Perfusion
Authors: Michael J. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MORE than ten years ago, inThe Journal, Hardy<sup>1</sup>reported the first successful renal autotransplantation in man. The indication for the operation was iatrogenic ureteral trauma. Subsequent reports have established the usefulness of this procedure in the treatment of other ureteral<sup>2-4</sup>and renovascular<sup>4</sup>lesions. A natural outgrowth of this procedure was the use of initial arterial washout and subsequent surface cooling<sup>5</sup>for vascular lesions requiring time-consuming reconstruction prior to reimplantation. Since continuous pulsatile perfusion with chilled, oxygenated, cryoprecipitated plasma has proved to be a more satisfactory means of renal preservation than surface cooling,<sup>6</sup>its use should afford greater protection to kidneys subjected to prolonged extracorporeal operative periods. Corman et al<sup>7</sup>first reported the use of extracorporeal renal parenchymal surgery with continuous pulsatile perfusion, which they unsuccessfully employed for bilateral renal carcinoma. The following is a case of successful extracorporeal renal perfusion and parenchymal surgery. <h3>Report of a Case</h3>
High-Dose Cyclophosphamide, Carmustine, and Etoposide and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Relapsed Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Sundar Jagannath, Karel A. Dicke, James O. Armitage, Fernando F. Cabanillas, Leonard J. Horwitz, Lijda Vellekoop, Axel R. Zander, Gary Spitzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Thirty patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV) and autologous bone marrow transplantation. The median age of the patients was 28 years, and 18 were male. More than half had extranodal sites of relapse and constitutional symptoms. Most had been heavily pretreated with multiple salvage chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy. At the time of transplantation, 23 patients were having progressive disease despite salvage chemotherapy. High-dose CBV chemotherapy induced complete responses in 15 patients and partial responses in 10 patients. Eleven patients are still in complete remission, 1 of whom has had an unmaintained remission for more than 44 months. Toxicity was moderate; all patients had severe myelosuppression requiring supportive therapy, and 1 patient failed to reconstitute her bone marrow. High-dose CBV chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow rescue proved to be effective as salvage therapy for a select group of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease.
Amyl and Butyl Nitrites and Telangiectasia in Homosexual Men
Authors: B. LYCKA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1987Amyl and Butyl Nitrites and Telangiectasia in Homosexual MenB. LYCKA, M.D.B. LYCKA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-476_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The findings of Fallon and associates ( 1 ) of telangiectasia and erythema on the anterior chest in homosexual men are most interesting, because they occur in persons both positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus, making a causal relationship unlikely. The authors state that a cause remains to be elucidated, so I would like to speculate on this matter.Telangiectases represent vascular dilations. They are seen in many diseases, but two that are associated with erythema are mastocytosis and carcinoid syndromes (2, 3). Both result from vasodilating polypeptides: histamine in the former and serotonin in...References1. FALLONABELLKINGSLEY TEL. Telangiectasias of the anterior chest in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:679-82. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DEMIS D. Mast cell disease (urticaria pigmentosa). Curr Concepts Skin Dis. 1985;(Spring):ll-5. Google Scholar3. GRAY S. Skin changes in carcinoid syndrome. In: FITZPATRICK TB, EISEN AL, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1986:1906-9. Google Scholar4. ARDITTIJEANDAVID JPJ. Toxicity and hazards of volatile nitrites sold in sex shops. Toxicol Eur Res. 1983;5:189-92. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SIMON R. Confidence intervals for reporting results of clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:429-35. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAmyl Nitrite-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Acute Therapy and PreventionCutaneous manifestations of aids in adults and infantsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionResponse to tetracycline of telangiectasias in a male hemophiliac with human immunodeficiency virus infectionCutaneous Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Update 1987 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 476-476KeywordsErythemaHIVHistamineHomosexualsMastocytosisPolypeptidesSerotoninThorax Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epitope mapping of the house‐dust‐mite allergen Der p 2 by means of site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: G. A. J. Hakkaart, R. C. Aalberse, R. van Ree
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Recombinant Der p 2, expressed in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. was used as a tool to determitie IgE‐ and monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐binding sites on this allergen. For this purpose, mutant molecules were produced by application of site‐directed mutagenesis. The amino‐acid residues spanning cys21‐cys27 and cys73‐cys78 were deleted, thus preventing loop formation through disulfide bonds. Charged residues in three predicted antigenic sites (residues 45–48, 67‐1‐69. and 88–90) were replaced by alanine residues. IgE‐ and mAb reactivity to these mutants was compared to that to “wild type” Der p 2. Residues spanning cys73‐cys78 were involved in the antigenic binding site for mAb aDpX. Mutations in the areas adjacent to this loop (i.e. 67–69 and 88–90) had similar effects on this mAb (10‐ to 20‐fold decreases in reactivity were observed), supporting the suggestion that these areas are involved in this antigenic structure. The area of residues 45–48 was shown to be involved in an epitope for mAb 2B12. The reactivity of mAb 7A1 was influenced by substitutions of residues 45–48 as well as 88–90. Deletion of the residues spanning cys21‐cys27 resulted in decreased reactivity to three mAbs (lOEll, αDpX. and 7A1). From these observations, it may be concluded that binding of different mAbs is influenced by the same mutations and that the binding of single mAbs is influenced by two or more mutations scattered over the allergen molecule. These findings can point in two directions: minor aminoacid changes result in disruption of the overall conformation of the allergen, or distant sites are close together in the three‐dimensional structure of the allergen. Decreased IgE reactivity was observed with all mutant molecules, varying between patients. The observed effects ranged from 5‐ to 1000‐fold. Deletion of the amino‐acid residues spanning cys21‐cys27 and cys73‐cys78 had the strongest effect on IgE reactivity, where decreases up to 1000‐fold were observed. Such mutants might be useful tools to improve the safety of allergen‐specific immunotherapy.
The Importance of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Douglas E. Wood
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The National Lung Screening Trial has provided convincing evidence of a substantial mortality benefit of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) for current and former smokers at high risk. The United States Preventive Services Task Force has recommended screening, triggering coverage of low-dose CT by private health insurers under provisions of the Affordable Care Act. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) are currently evaluating coverage of lung cancer screening for Medicare beneficiaries. Since 70% of lung cancer occurs in patients 65 years or older, CMS should cover low-dose CT, thus avoiding the situation of at-risk patients being screened up to age 64 through private insurers and then abruptly ceasing screening at exactly the ages when their risk for developing lung cancer is increasing. Legitimate concerns include false-positive findings that lead to further testing and invasive procedures, overdiagnosis (detection of clinically unimportant cancers), the morbidity and mortality of surgery, and the overall costs of follow-up tests and procedures. These concerns can be mitigated by clear criteria for screening high-risk patients, disciplined management of abnormalities based on algorithms, and high-quality multidisciplinary care. Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT can lead to early diagnosis and cure for thousands of patients each year. Professional societies can help CMS responsibly implement a program that is patient-centered and minimizes unintended harms and costs.
Malaria — Resurgence, Resistance, and Research
Authors: David J. Wyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

If we take as our standard of importance the greatest harm to the greatest number, then there is no question that malaria is the most important of all infectious diseases.— Sir Macfarlane Burnet Natural History of Infectious Disease In the 16 years since malaria was reviewed in this section of the Journal,1 major developments have occurred that have begun a new chapter in the 3500-year-old recorded history of malaria. There has been a worldwide resurgence in disease transmission, and the concept that malaria could be eradicated through a program of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) spraying and chemoprophylaxis has been . . .
The polymorphism of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: T. Ohtsuka, A. Yamakage, S. Yamazaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been shown to be a potent stimulator of collagen production by fibroblasts, and could play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc).To study the possible involvement of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with SSc.Fifty-nine patients with SSc and 110 normal subjects were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from skin tissues, and was amplified in a thermal cycler, generating a TGF-beta1 gene fragment with a size of 294 bp. The T to C transition at T869C (Leu10Pro) and the G to C transition at G915C (Arg25Pro) were identified by digestion with MspA1I and BglI, respectively.At T869C (Leu10Pro), the frequency of the C allele in SSc (65.3%) was significantly higher than in normal controls (50.5%) (P < 0.01). SSc showed C/C allele 42.4%, C/T 45.8% and T/T 11.2%. Normal controls showed C/C allele 26.4%, C/T 48.2% and T/T 25.5%. The frequency of the C/C allele in SSc was significantly higher than in normal controls, in comparison with the T/T allele (P < 0.02), but no significant difference was found between the frequency of the C/C allele vs. the C/T allele. The frequency of the C/C allele showed no significant difference between diffuse and limited SSc. At G915C (Arg25Pro), all the normal controls and SSc patients showed only the G/G allele. These results are different from a previous study in which the frequency of the T/T allele was high in SSc at T869C (Leu10Pro).This discrepancy may indicate that Japanese patients with SSc show a different genetic predisposition to TGF-beta1.
Cancer and Gastric Ulcer
Authors: H. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1935)

<h3>Background</h3> The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines defined hypertension at ≥130/80 mm Hg. Studies on patients with connective tissue diseases were not considered. Our aim was to assess the impact of this definition on atherosclerotic vascular events (AVEs) in systemic lupus erythematosus. <h3>Patients methods</h3> Individuals from the Toronto Lupus Clinic with at least 2 years of follow-up and no prior AVE were divided in three groups according to their mean blood pressure (BP) over that period (≥140/90 mm Hg, 130-139/80-89 mm Hg and &lt;130/80 mm Hg). They were followed until the first occurrence of an AVE (fatal or non-fatal coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular event and peripheral vascular disease) or last visit. Groups were compared as per the baseline atherosclerotic risk factors. A multivariable time-dependent analysis was performed to adjust for the presence of other risk factors. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1532 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria, 155 (10.1%) had a BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, 316 (20.6%) 130–139/80–89 mm Hg and 1061 (69.3%) were normotensives. After a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 124 AVEs were documented. The incidence rates were 18.9, 11.5 and 4.5 per 1000 patient-years for the three groups, respectively (p=0.0007 between the 130–139/80–89 mm Hg group and the normotensives). A mean BP of 130–139/80–89 mm Hg over the first 2 years was independently associated with the occurrence of AVEs (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.65, p=0.011). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with lupus with a sustained mean BP of 130–139/80–89 mm Hg over 2 years had a significantly higher incidence of AVEs compared with normotensive individuals. This BP level should be the target for antihypertensive therapy to minimise their cardiovascular risk.