tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reverse-Phase Protein Array Profiling of Oropharyngeal Cancer and Significance of PIK3CA Mutations in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Andrew Sewell, Brandee Brown, Asel Biktasova, Gordon B. Mills, Yiling Lu, Darren R. Tyson, Natalia Issaeva, Wendell G. Yarbrough
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) have different molecular and biologic characteristics and clinical behavior compared with HPV-negative (HPV-) OPSCC. PIK3CA mutations are more common in HPV(+) OPSCC. To define molecular differences and tumor subsets, protein expression and phosphorylation were compared between HPV(+) and HPV(-) OPSCC and between tumors with and without PIK3CA mutations.Expression of 137 total and phosphorylated proteins was evaluated by reverse-phase protein array in 29 HPV(+) and 13 HPV(-) prospectively collected OPSCCs. Forty-seven OPSCCs were tested for hotspot-activating mutations in PIK3CA and AKT. Activation of PIK3CA downstream targets and sensitivity to pathway inhibitors were determined in HPV(+) head and neck cancer cells overexpressing wild-type or mutant PIK3CA.Analyses revealed 41 differentially expressed proteins between HPV(+) and HPV(-) OPSCC categorized into functional groups: DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR, and receptor kinase pathways. All queried DNA repair proteins were significantly upregulated in HPV(+) samples. A total of 8 of 33 HPV(+) and 0 of 14 HPV(-) tumors contained activating PIK3CA mutations. Despite all activating PIK3CA mutations occurring in HPV(+) samples, HPV(+) tumors had lower mean levels of activated AKT and downstream AKT target phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of mutant PIK3CA in HPV(+) cells increased mTOR, but not AKT activity. HPV E6/E7 overexpression inhibited AKT phosphorylation in HPV-negative cells. Mutant PIK3CA overexpressing cells were more sensitive to a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor compared with an AKT inhibitor.Protein expression analyses suggest that HPV(+) and HPV(-) OPSCC differentially activate DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and receptor kinase pathways. PIK3CA mutations are more common in HPV(+) OPSCC and are associated with activation of mTOR, but not AKT. These data suggest that inhibitors for mTOR may have activity against HPV(+) PIK3CA mutant oropharyngeal cancers.
TISSUE RESISTANCE AND THE CAUSE OF PERMANENT ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Authors: S. Nukada, T. Matsuzaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. The resistance against toxic products of typhoid bacilli of the heart tissues of typhoid-immune animals is greater than that of nonimmunized animals. 2. The acquired increase of resisting power is specific. 3. The increased resistance is not caused by antitoxin, but by a specific biological alteration of tissue cells. 4. It is maintained that permanent acquired immunity, at least in typhoid, instead of being due principally to antibodies, is caused by a lasting specific increase of resisting power acquired by the tissue cells against the toxic products of bacteria. 5. This theory seems to hold good with other infectious diseases in which one attack conveys permanent immunity.
Reporting of Results in ClinicalTrials.gov and High-Impact Journals
Authors: Jessica E. Becker, Harlan M. Krumholz, Gal Ben-Josef, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Reporting of Results in ClinicalTrials.gov and High-Impact JournalsThe 2007 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act expanded requirements for ClinicalTrials.gov,a public clinical trial registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine, mandating results reporting within 12 months of trial completion for all FDA-regulated medical products.Reporting of mandatory trial registration information on ClinicalTrials.gov is fairly complete, although there are concerns about its specificity; optional trial registration information is less complete. 1-4To our knowledge, no studies have examined reporting and accuracy of trial results information.Accordingly, we compared trial information and results reported on ClinicalTrials.govwith corresponding peer-reviewed publications.
Etude pilote de l'évolution du CO2 expiré durant les coloscopies avec anesthésie au propofol et insufflation de CO2
Authors: B Napoléon, I Mohammedi, F Fumex, F Mignot, C Lefort, D Berard, J Fumex, N Courbon, J Desramé, P Artru
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: L'insufflation de CO2 à la place de l'air parait prometteuse lors des procédures endoscopiques. Du fait de sa réabsorption digestive et de son élimination par voie respiratoire le CO2 limite les ballonnements et diminue les douleurs post-procédurales. Cela pourrait être particulièrement intéressant pour les coloscopies où les patients se plaignent fréquemment de ballonnements post-procédures. Cependant, la réabsorption du CO2 pourrait interférer avec la balance acido-basique, comme c'est le cas lors des coelioscopies. Quelques travaux, réalisés hors de France, ayant analysé l'effet de l'insufflation de CO2 sur la mesure du CO2 expiré, n'ont pas mis en évidence d'augmentation de celui-ci. Cependant, les coloscopies ont été réalisées chez des patients en ventilation spontanée n'ayant pas ou peu de sédation. L'augmentation de la fréquence respiratoire induite par la douleur peut alors suffire àéliminer le CO2 en surplus. Les pratiques françaises sont différentes puisque les coloscopies sont réalisées à 98% avec une sédation profonde au propofol réalisée par des anesthésistes.
Gaseous Distention of an Intestinal Tube Bag Relieved by Transabdominal Puncture
Authors: Maurice E. Coffey, Marvin J. Gordon, George R. Mayes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Letters1 October 1976Gaseous Distention of an Intestinal Tube Bag Relieved by Transabdominal PunctureMAURICE E. COFFEY, MARVIN J. GORDON, GEORGE R. MAYESMAURICE E. COFFEYSearch for more papers by this author, MARVIN J. GORDONSearch for more papers by this author, GEORGE R. MAYESSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-480 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIndwelling intestinal tubes for decompression of the bowel are commonly used. Modifications of such tubes may also be valuable as jejunal feeding tubes or as transintestinal guides for endoscopy. In the case described here, an old problem of intestinal tubes, gaseous distention of the mercury filled bag, was encountered. Transabdominal needle puncture successfully decompressed the distended bag.A 50-year-old white woman with a 4-year history of regional enteritis was admitted for increasing symptoms of intestinal obstruction unresponsive to steroid therapy and low residue diet. At physical examination a protuberant and tympanitic abdomen and fullness and tenderness in the right lower...References1. ROZANSKIKLEINFELD JM: A complication of prolonged intestinal intubation: gaseous distention of the terminal balloon. Am J Dig Dis 20:1067-1070, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CANTORPHELPS ME: Further simplifying intestinal intubation. An in vivo and in vitro study. Am J Surg 83:516-523, 1952 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HAFNERWYLIEBRUSH CJB: Complications of gastrointestinal intubation. Arch Surg 83:147-160, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MORETZERICKSON WW: Peritoneal tap as an aid in the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease. Am Surg 20:363-377, 1954 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WANGENSTEEN O: Intestinal Obstructions: Physiological, Pathological and Clinical Considerations with Emphasis on Therapy, Including Descriptions of Operative Procedures, 3rd ed. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1955, p. 37 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHyperbaric therapy for the removal of an obstructing intestinal tube balloonComplications of Gastrointestinal Intubation 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 480-481KeywordsDietEndoscopyEnteritisSteroid therapy Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
M22 The Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment tool (CAT) in patients admitted to hospital for exacerbation: Abstract M22 Table 1.
Authors: KH Hoyles, AS Sheehan, DLF Forrester, SJJ Johnson, AJK Knox, CEB Bolton
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The COPD assessment tool (CAT) measures health status<sup>1</sup> and is responsive to change with pulmonary rehabilitation<sup>2 </sup>and out-patient exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)<sup>3</sup>. This study established i) CAT score at AECOPD hospital admission, ii) change during recovery and iii) CAT in relation to other outcome measures of COPD severity at stability. <h3>Methods</h3> Consenting patients presenting to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of AECOPD self-completed the CAT and answered detailed history. Length of stay (LOS) was recorded. At four week follow-up assessment, the CAT score, MRC dyspnoea score, spirometry and six-minute walking distance (6MWD) were measured. <h3>Results</h3> Of 153 patients recruited at admission, there were 5 in-patient deaths, all with a high (&gt;20) CAT on admission. Median LOS per admission CAT category was CAT10–20: 2.5 days; CAT21–30: 4 days; CAT31–40: 5 days. 89 subjects were reassessed at 4 weeks and 72 had a clinical diagnosis of COPD confirmed, Table 1. In these subjects, the mean (95%CI) change in CAT score from admission was -7(-9, -5), p &lt; 0.001. Whilst 61/72 had a high CAT score on admission, there remained 39/72 with high score at follow-up. CAT score at follow-up was related to 6MWD, r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.01 but not to age or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>)% predicted. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite marked improvement in CAT score with recovery from an AECOPD requiring hospital admission, a large proportion persist with high CAT scores at 4 weeks indicating poor health status. The CAT score offers prognostic information and adds another dimension to the COPD assessment. <h3>References</h3> Jones PW <i>et al</i>.<i> ERJ</i> 2009;34(3):648–54 Dodd JW <i>et al</i>. <i>Thorax</i> 2011; 66(5) :425–9 Mackay AJ <i>et al</i>. <i>AJRCCM</i> 2012;185(11):1218–24
NT-proBNP can be used to detect right ventricular systolic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: K. G. Blyth, B. A. Groenning, P. B. Mark, T. N. Martin, J. E. Foster, T. Steedman, J. J. Morton, H. J. Dargie, A. J. Peacock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD) at baseline (pre-treatment) predicts early death in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, RVSD can only be detected reliably by prohibitively invasive or expensive techniques. N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentration ([NT-proBNP]) correlates with RV function in PH; however, an [NT-proBNP] threshold that indicates RVSD in individual patients has not previously been determined. Twenty-five patients with PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 19) or chronic thromboembolic PH (n = 6)) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and NT-proBNP measurement at baseline. [NT-proBNP] was correlated against RV dimensions and ejection fraction (RVEF) measured directly by CMR imaging. The ability of NT-proBNP to detect RVSD (defined as a CMR-derived RVEF >2 SDS below control values) was tested and predictors of [NT-proBNP] identified. [NT-proBNP] correlated negatively with RVEF. RVSD was present in nine out of 25 patients. An [NT-proBNP] threshold of 1,685 pg.mL(-1) was sensitive (100%) and specific (94%) in detecting RVSD. RVEF and RV mass index independently predicted [NT-proBNP]. In pulmonary hypertension, a baseline N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentration of >1,685 ng.L(-1) suggests right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and thus an increased risk of early death. N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide could prove useful as an objective, noninvasive means of identifying patients with pulmonary hypertension who have right ventricular systolic dysfunction at presentation.
US Intern Plus Dictionary Becomes Russian Doctor
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Goldoft's<sup>1</sup>piece about her encounter with a Russian-speaking patient reminded me of a similar experience during the first rotation of my internship. The admitting resident called to inform me that I was to admit a Russian-speaking woman with congestive heart failure, who I will call Mrs B. Having studied Russian in college, I was excited at the chance to try my language skills. Displaying that all-too-fleeting innocence of early internship, I hurried off to the hospital library to obtain a Russian-English dictionary. Although Mrs B could speak a few words of English, the dictionary proved helpful. My attempts at Russian enhanced our ability to communicate and impressed my third-year medical student. One day toward the end of my rotation I received an urgent page from Mrs B's nurse. On arriving in her room, I found Mrs B to be in extreme respiratory distress because of sudden
Intercoronary Anastomoses in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: COLIN M. BLOOR, JOHN F. KEEFE, MARIE J. BROWNE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Thirty-five cases of congenital heart disease were investigated for the frequency and size of intercoronary anastomoses. Studies of control hearts showed normal intercoronary anastomoses to range to 74 µ in diameter. In those congenital hearts not subjected to surgical procedures, the anastomoses did not differ in size from the control group, even in the presence of anemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and cyanosis. However, the mean age of the cyanotic group was significantly less than the acyanotic group. Even though the size and frequency of the anastomoses were significantly increased in the operated group, surgical trauma alone was an unlikely stimulus, since the size and frequency of anastomoses in those dying within 48 hours of operation and in those surviving for more than 5 weeks were similar. There was also a significant increase in the frequency and size of the intercoronary anastomoses in cases greater than 5 years of age, implying that intercoronary communications in congenital heart disease increase in size with increasing age.
CD10/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 in developing human fetal lung. Patterns of expression and modulation of peptide-mediated proliferation.
Authors: M E Sunday, J Hua, J S Torday, B Reyes, M A Shipp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The cell membrane-associated enzyme CD10/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (CD10/NEP) functions in multiple organ systems to downregulate responses to peptide hormones. Recently, CD10/NEP was found to hydrolyze bombesin-like peptides (BLP), which are mitogens for normal bronchial epithelial cells and small cell lung carcinomas. Growth of BLP-responsive small cell lung carcinomas was potentiated by CD10/NEP inhibition, implicating CD10/NEP in regulation of BLP-mediated tumor growth. BLP are also likely to participate in normal lung development because high BLP levels are found in fetal lung, and bombesin induces proliferation and maturation of human fetal lung in organ cultures and murine fetal lung in utero. To explore potential roles for CD10/NEP in regulating peptide-mediated human fetal lung development, we have characterized temporal and cellular patterns of CD10/NEP expression and effects of CD10/NEP inhibition in organ cultures. Peak CD10/NEP transcript levels are identified at 11-13 wk gestation by Northern blots and localized to epithelial cells and mesenchyme of developing airways by in situ hybridization. CD10/NEP immunostaining is most intense in undifferentiated airway epithelium. In human fetal lung organ cultures, inhibition of CD10/NEP with either phosphoramidon or SCH32615 increases thymidine incorporation by 166-182% (P < 0.025). The specific BLP receptor antagonist, [Leu13-psi(CH2NH)Leu14]bombesin abolishes these effects on fetal lung growth, suggesting that CD10/NEP modulates BLP-mediated proliferation. CD10/NEP expression in the growing front of airway epithelium and the effects of CD10/NEP inhibitors in lung explants implicate the enzyme in the regulation of peptide-mediated fetal lung growth.
Causes of fatal childhood accidents involving head injury in northern region, 1979-86.
Authors: P M Sharples, A Storey, A Aynsley-Green, J A Eyre
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the causes and circumstances surrounding fatal accidents involving head injuries in children in the Northern region. DESIGN--Retrospective review of the hospital case notes, necropsy reports, and records of the coroners9 inquests. SETTING--Northern Regional Health Authority. PATIENTS--All 255 children aged less than 16 years who died with a head injury during 1979-86. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cause of injury and circumstances of accident according to reports of inquests; injury severity score; number of fatal accidents and mortality per 100,000 children in 10 groups of local authority wards ranked according to their score on the overall deprivation index; and distance of site of accident from child9s home. RESULTS--Of the 255 children who died after a head injury, 136 (53%) children were playing at the time of the accident. 195 (76%) children sustained the head injury in road traffic accidents, 135 as pedestrians, 35 as cyclists, and 25 as passengers in a vehicle. In 120 accidents in child pedestrians the primary cause of accident was the unsafe behaviour of the child. 172 (67%) accidents occurred within one to two km of the child9s home and 153 (63%) between 3 pm and 9 pm. The mortality was significantly related to social deprivation; excluding eight children injured while on holiday in the region, 15-fold decrease in mortality was recorded between the local authority wards that ranked highest on the overall deprivation index and those that ranked lowest (14.0/100,000 children, group 10 v 0.9/100,000, group 1 respectively, p less than 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS--The finding that most accidents occurred in children living in deprived areas who were playing unsupervised near their home suggests that childhood mortality might be appreciably reduced if children at play were protected from traffic, particularly in socially deprived areas.
901-90 In Vivo Genetic Engineering of Cardiac Cells: Intracoronary Administration of Antisense (AS) Oligonucleotides (ODN)
Authors: Kristin E. Ellison, Gary H. Gibbons, Ryuichi Morishita, Michael J. Mann, Robert S. Kernoff, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Relation of glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint destruction in rheumatoid shoulder. A 15 year follow up study
Authors: J. T Lehtinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

To evaluate the relation of glenohumeral (GH) and acromioclavicular (AC) joint involvement in a cohort of 74 patients with seropositive and erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed up prospectively.At the 15 year follow up radiographs of 148 shoulders were evaluated, and the grade of destruction of GH and AC joints were assessed by the Larsen method. One GH joint arthroplasty had been performed after 13 years of the disease onset and the preoperative radiograph was evaluated.Erosive involvement (Larsen grade >/= 2) was observed in 96 of 148 (65%) of the shoulders. Both GH and AC joints were affected in 62 of 148 (42%) shoulders. GH joint alone was involved in nine (6%) shoulders and only AC joint was affected in 25 (17%) shoulders. AC joint destruction correlated with the GH joint destruction, r=0.74 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.65 to 0.80 ).In RA AC joint is affected more often than the GH joint, but in half of the patients both joints are involved. This should be remembered when treating painful rheumatoid shoulder.
IMPACT OF HYBRID APPROACH INVOLVING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION AND TRANSCATHETER DEVICE CLOSURE FOR PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT HAVING PAROXYSMAL AND PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Manabu Taniguchi, Satoshi Nagase, Teiji Akagi, Koji Nakagawa, Yasufumi Kijima, Yoshihito Hata, Kengo Kusano, Hiroshi Ito, Shunji Sano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Expression of Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Implications for Targeted Therapies
Authors: John S. Jarboe, Kory R. Johnson, Yong Choi, Russell R. Lonser, John K. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and despite treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme is ∼1 year. Glioblastoma multiforme explants and cell lines have been reported to overexpress the interleukin-13 receptor α2 subunit (IL13Rα2) relative to nonneoplastic brain. Based on this finding, a recombinant cytotoxin composed of IL13 ligand and a truncated form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (IL13-PE38QQR) was developed for the targeted treatment of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. In a recently completed phase III clinical trial, however, IL13-PE38QQR was found to be no more effective than an existing therapy in prolonging survival. To determine possible explanations for this result, we analyzed the relative expression levels of IL13Rα2 in glioblastoma multiforme and nonneoplastic brain specimens using publicly available oligonucleotide microarray databases, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Increased expression of the IL13Rα2 gene relative to nonneoplastic brain was observed in 36 of 81 (44%) and 8 of 17 (47%) tumor specimens by microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens showed highly variable expression of IL13Rα2 protein both within and across specimens. These data indicate that prescreening of subjects may be of benefit in future trials of IL13Rα2 targeting therapies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):7983–6]
Immediate Sterility after Vasectomy
Authors: L. N. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

student" is not the one for whom both my patients and I are so grateful.A con- sultant responsible for a clinical service must accept a major responsibility for the calibre of his team and for delegation of duties to its members.He should learn as well as teach, and I am grateful for all that social workers have taught me concerning the difficulties and at times tragedies complicating the lives of patients.This information has proved vitally important in the planning of treatment and postoperative care.-Iam, etc.
Wills' Biochemical Basis of Medicine
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This is the second edition of a textbook of biochemistry directed specifically to medical students. The first edition had a single author, now deceased; the second has two authors. It must be recognized that in Great Britain medicine is a seven-year course and that students enter medical school after the equivalent of a high school education, unlike American students, who have had courses in chemistry and, in many instances, a course in biochemistry in the undergraduate college during their premedical studies. The organization of this text does not follow the usual lines of a biochemistry text. The book has five parts, beginning with "Biochemistry of the Cell and Its Metabolism" and continuing through "Whole Body Metabolism," "Specialized Metabolism of Tissues," "Environmental Hazards and Detoxification," and last, "The Biochemical Basis of Diagnoses—Disease and Its Treatment." There are 17 appendixes, many of which are particularly helpful. Part I integrates cell structure and