tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gold-specific T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with gold.
Authors: P Romagnoli, G A Spinas, F Sinigaglia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Gold-specific T lymphocyte clones were isolated from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to gold. All of the isolated T cell clones required histocompatible antigen presenting cells as well as gold for induction of proliferation. Using a panel of HLA-homozygous Epstein Barr virus-transformed B (EBV-B) cells and anti-HLA antibodies, the clones were shown to recognize gold in the context of DR1 molecules. Gold recognition did not require active antigen processing since specific proliferation was not affected by glutaraldehyde fixation of the DR1 homozygous antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, we could show that gold salts inhibited peptide-induced responses of a peptide-specific T cell clone. In addition to providing evidence for gold-specific T cells in gold-treated RA patients exhibiting delayed type hypersensitivity responses, these data suggest that gold can alter MHC-peptide complexes. The latter observation may in part explain the mechanism/s responsible for both the therapeutic and the toxic effects of gold.
TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA IN WOMEN
Authors: Leo Michel
Journal: JAMA (1935)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Emily Dunning Barringer in a paper  Treatment of Gonorrhea in the Female (The Journal, Dec. 15, 1934, p. 1825) makes the following statement:  The greater degree of heat, 130 F. as given by the Elliott machine, seems unwise during the acute stage because of the softening and relaxation of the cervix, thereby opening up one of the natural barriers to the spread of infection.  It is common knowledge that when the gonococci reach the mucous membrane of the cervix or urethra an inflammation is set up. The micro-organisms and their decomposition products stimulate serum exudation diapedesis, leukocytic infiltration and decomposition of fibrin. The interaction between the organism and the micro-organism is the same as for, say, the strepotcoccus, the purpose of the reaction being localization of the infection, destruction of the micro-organisms and restoration of the injured tissues to normal. Failure of the organisms to localize the infection results in spread and complications. In heat there exists the
I-123 Iofetamine Single Photon Emission Tomography in School-Age Children with Difficult-to-Control Seizures
Authors: MICHAEL J. GELFAND, DANIEL W. STOWENS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Interictal 1–123 iofetamine (IMP) single photon emission tomography (SPECT) was performed in 15 children with difficult-to-control partial or generalized seizures. SPECT studies were compared with magnetic resonance imaging and CT in seven patients, with magnetic resonance imaging only in five, and with CT only in three. Electroencephalography was performed on all subjects, including invasive studies in nine. SPECT was abnormal in six patients. Magnetic resonance and/or CT studies were abnormal in two of the six patients. The other four patients with abnormal SPECT imaging studies had four magnetic resonance and two CT studies that were normal. The SPECT abnormality corresponded to EEG localization in each of the six cases. Lesions localized on SPECT were in or near the temporal lobes. Five other patients with normal SPECT had welllocalized abnormalities on EEG. Four magnetic resonance and five CT studies were also negative in these five cases. Four patients whose EEGs did not show adequate lateralization had four normal SPECT, two normal CT, and three normal magnetic resonance studies. In children as in adults, IMP SPECT imaging shows promise in the localization of seizure foci in or near the temporal lobes.
Immune monitoring with iTAg MHC Tetramers for prediction of recurrent or persistent cytomegalovirus infection or disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Jan W. Gratama, Michael Boeckh, Ryotaro Nakamura, Jan J. Cornelissen, Rik A. Brooimans, John A. Zaia, Stephen J. Forman, Karl Gaal, Kurtis R. Bray, Gail H. Gasior, Christopher S. Boyce, Linda A. Sullivan, Paula C. Southwick
Journal: Blood (2010)
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Authors: Joseph M. Pawlowski, John W. Bloxdorf, Paul Kimmelstiel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN recent years autopsy studies have disclosed a high incidence of renal disease interpreted as chronic pyelonephritis — surprisingly high in the light of past experience. Also, bacterial counts of the urine, indicating true bacteriuria as distinguished from contamination, have brought to light the unexpectedly frequent occurrence of urinary-tract infection. The meaning of bacteriuria in terms of renal disease is still uncertain, however, but if morphologic and bacteriologic studies could be co-ordinated, one would be in a much stronger position to evaluate the significance of bacteriuria as a manifestation of clinically inapparent chronic pyelonephritis.To our knowledge, no such studies . . .
Twice-Daily NPH or Mixture Insulins Versus Triple Therapy: Apples Versus Oranges
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Poulsen et al. (1) recently demonstrated that triple therapy (metformin, rosiglitazone, and preprandial insulin aspart) lowered HbA1c levels much better than twice-daily NPH or MIX insulin in type 2 diabetic patients. They then claim that the reason for this improvement, compared with the patients treated with insulin alone, is the superiority of specifically treating the three pathophysiological components of type 2 …
The antimicrobial efficacy of sustained release silver–carbene complex-loaded l-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles: Characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Khadijah M. Hindi, Andrew J. Ditto, Matthew J. Panzner, Douglas A. Medvetz, Daniel S. Han, Christine E. Hovis, Julia K. Hilliard, Jane B. Taylor, Yang H. Yun, Carolyn L. Cannon, Wiley J. Youngs
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Increased expression of basement membrane collagen in human diabetic retinopathy.
Authors: S Roy, M Maiello, M Lorenzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Basement membrane thickening is the most prominent and characteristic feature of early diabetic microangiopathy. Unknown is not only the causative process but also whether the thickening reflects increased synthesis of specific components. Because collagen type IV is uniquely present in basement membranes and represents their predominant structural element, we studied its expression in retinas obtained postmortem from five patients with 8 +/- 3 yr of diabetes and six nondiabetic controls. The collagen IV transcript proved to be rare in adult human retina and undetectable by Northern analysis. We thus identified a set of primers and conditions to detect the transcript by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and to measure its level relative to an endogenous internal standard (beta-actin mRNA). In the diabetic patients the levels of collagen IV mRNA were increased twofold over levels in controls, whereas the actin mRNA levels were similar in the two groups. Hence, the collagen IV/actin ratio was 0.53 +/- 0.15 in diabetic samples and 0.24 +/- 0.09 in control samples (P = 0.004). These results indicate that diabetes induces a twofold increase in the expression of collagen IV by the cells that synthesize basement membranes in the adult retina (vascular cells). Insofar as high ambient glucose in vitro elicits the same effect, it may be proposed that basement membrane thickening in diabetes results from enhanced synthesis of specialized component molecules sustained by hyperglycemia.
Mental Health and Nutritional Status Among the Adult Serbian Minority in Kosovo
Authors: Peter Salama, Paul Spiegel, Marci Van Dyke, Laura Phelps, Caroline Wilkinson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Since the beginning of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization intervention in Kosovo in June 1999, few objective data have been available on relevant health indicators for the Serbian ethnic minority in Kosovo.To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among Serbian adults aged 60 years or older and psychiatric morbidity among the adult Serbian population in Kosovo.A systematic random sample survey of 212 households was conducted between September 27 and October 2, 1999, in Pristina, the capital city, and in 10 towns in the rural municipality of Gnjilane in Kosovo. Of the 212 households surveyed, 204 adults aged 15 years or older completed the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and anthropometric measurements were taken for 98 adults aged 60 years or older and for a comparison group of 51 adults aged 18 to 59 years.Body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m(2) in older adults; nonspecific psychiatric morbidity among adults; and self-reported use of health care services, access to food rations, and primary sources of prewar and postwar income.Undernutrition was found in 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7%-19.2%) of Serbian adults aged 60 years or older compared with 2.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-11.8%) of Serbian adults aged 18 to 59 years. The mean (SE) total score for the GHQ-28 was 13.0 (0.52). In a comparison of the GHQ-28 scores of the Serbian adults with the Kosovar Albanian adults (data from a recent survey), the mean (SE) score adjusted for age and sex was 12.8 (0.52) vs 11.1 (0.58); P =.03, respectively. The GHQ-28 scores were also higher for the Serbians in the subcategories of social dysfunction (2.8 [0.17] vs 2.2 [0.13]; P =.008) and severe depression (1.9 [0.15] vs 0.9 [0. 09]; P<.001), respectively. Serbian women and persons living alone or in small family units were more prone to psychiatric morbidity. Of the 141 respondents reporting the need for health care services, 83 (57.6%) reported not obtaining such services; 204 of 212 (96.2%) households were on a food distribution list. The majority of prewar income came from government jobs compared with farming and humanitarian aid for postwar income.The undernutrition of older Serbian adults in Kosovo should be monitored. The high prevalence of symptoms of social dysfunction and severe depression suggest the need for implementation of mental health programs in the Serbian community. JAMA. 2000;284:578-584
Cardiac auscultation skills of physicians in training
Authors: A. D. Silk
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Apparently every generation of physicians rediscovers its own ineptitude. Drs Mangione and Nieman 1 are apparently disturbed that both internal medicine and family practice trainees were so strikingly wrong at identifying 12 important and commonly encountered cardiac events. Rarely has the cliche So what else is new? been so apt.  Thirty-five years ago, one of my duties as chief medical resident in a prestigious New York City teaching hospital was to arrange teaching rounds for practicing physicians who served on our voluntary teaching faculty. Almost none of the physicians who were responsible for teaching students and residents could regularly recognize the murmur of mitral regurgitation. Austin Flint and Graham Steell murmurs were loftily discussed but never identified. I was secretly amused at how often atrial fibrillation at a rate of 80 beats per minute was identified either as regular sinus rhythm or at best as premature beats.  Medical educators are
Health gains do not match investment in health services, says report
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A decade of constant reform in the NHS has brought measurable improvement in the quality of care, but progress is uneven, gross inequalities still persist between regions, and the United Kingdom is still outperformed by other developed countries in terms of clinical outcomes.

These are the conclusions of The Quest for Quality: Refining the NHS Reforms , the last in a series of four reports on the NHS commissioned by the Nuffield Trust, an independent health policy think tank.

“It is apparent that quality within the NHS has improved,” conclude the authors, Sheila Leatherman, a research professor at the University of North Carolina School of Public …
Drug-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Henning Kelbæk, Leif Thuesen, Steffen Helqvist, Peter Clemmensen, Lene Kløvgaard, Anne Kaltoft, Bente Andersen, Helle Thuesen, Thomas Engstrøm, Hans E. Bøtker, Kari Saunamäki, Lars R. Krusell, Erik Jørgensen, Hans-Henrik T. Hansen, Evald H. Christiansen, Jan Ravkilde, Lars Køber, Klaus F. Kofoed, Christian J. Terkelsen, Jens F. Lassen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) limits the rate of coronary restenosis in most patients with coronary artery disease, but data are scarce with regard to their use in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and in connection with distal protection of the microvascular perfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.We randomly assigned 626 patients referred within 12 hours from symptom onset of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction to have a DES or a bare metal stent implanted in the infarct-related lesion with or without distal protection during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed during the index treatment and 8 months later. The primary end point was loss of the lumen diameter in the infarct-related lesion induced by neointimal proliferation. Patients were comparable with regard to baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics. The mean late lumen loss was significantly lower in patients treated with a DES (0.06 mm; SD, 0.66 mm) than in patients who had a bare metal stent implanted (0.47 mm; SD, 0.69 mm; P<0.001). The rate of the composite end point of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization was 8.6% in the DES group versus 14.4% in the bare metal stent group (P=0.03). Cardiac death occurred in 4.2% and 1.6% of the patients (P=0.09) and stent thrombosis occurred in 2.0% and 2.6% (P=0.72), respectively.Implantation of DES improves the angiographic outcome and need for repeat revascularization without increasing the short-term risk of stent thrombosis but has a tendency to increase cardiac death in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.
NHS Review. Information please--and quick.
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Only one of the government's five aims for the This is the third in a reorganisation of the NHS seems likely to meet series of articles which with universal support-the need to improve the comment on the white' information available about health services.'From paper Workingjfor the government's point of view it is also the most accompanyingeight important in that all the main proposals depend for working papers.Thefirst their success on the ready availability of appropriate, paper by Ray Robinson complete, valid, and timely data.While the informa- on the new health care tion requirements of medical audit and resource market was published on management are obvious, other proposals are equally 18 February (p 437).dependent on prompt, reliable facts.If district health authorities, general practitioners, and the public are to make informed choices when selecting service providers they will need high quality data not only on costs and waiting times but also on outcomes.And this requirement applies not just to NHS facilities but also to the private sector-and major health insurance companies are already starting to undertake this.In addition, improved information will be needed to enable managers, both in NHS and trust hospitals, to monitor whether consultants are fulfilling their newly agreed contractual obligations.Developing and intro- ducing the necessary information systems is a daunting prospect.To achieve such a task on the timescale envisaged in the white paper is almost certainly impossible.This is largely because so little progress has been made in the past, particularly in the development of clinical information.
Tobacco Smoking, Harm Reduction, and Biomarkers
Authors: P. G. Shields
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

The only known way to reduce cancer risk in smokers is complete cessation, but many smokers are unable or unwilling to quit. Consequently, tobacco companies are now marketing products that purport to reduce carcinogen exposure, with the implication that such products provide a safer way to smoke. Moreover, researchers are exploring ways to reduce the amount of cigarette smoke carcinogens to which the smokers are exposed. Although these methods are, in theory beneficial, it is possible that the perceived availability of "safe" ways to smoke will cause some former smokers to resume smoking and some current smokers to delay quitting. Thus, the extent of exposure reduction and the impact on public health of these methods need to be considered carefully. However, risk reduction and its relation to exposure are not simple to estimate. The way people smoke and the way they respond to carcinogen exposure are both highly variable, as evidenced by the previous history of smokers who switched to light, or low-tar cigarettes. This can actually increase risk in some smokers. The evaluation of exposure reduction will therefore need to be multidisciplinary and include in vitro cell culture studies, animal studies, human clinical studies, and epidemiologic studies. Biomarkers will be critical for rapidly evaluating the effects of new strategies or products to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens. No single biomarker will likely satisfy our assessment needs, and so a panel of biomarkers should be used that includes biomarkers of exposure, biologically effective dose, and potential harm. In addition, usefulness of new products will need to be tested in people of different susceptibilities (i.e., who vary in behavior, sex, age, genetics, and prior tobacco use). Even if the new products are shown to be effective at reducing lung carcinogens, they should not be used alone but rather be incorporated into a comprehensive tobacco control program.
Fish and Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Total Mortality in Diabetic Women
Authors: Frank B. Hu, Eunyoung Cho, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Although several prospective cohort studies have found an inverse association between fish consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or sudden cardiac death in the general population, limited data are available among diabetic patients. Methods and Results— We examined prospectively the association between intake of fish and ω-3 fatty acids and risk of CHD and total mortality among 5103 female nurses with diagnosed type 2 diabetes but free of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Between 1980 and 1996 (45 845 person-years of follow-up), we documented 362 incident cases of CHD (141 CHD deaths and 221 nonfatal myocardial infarctions) and 468 deaths from all causes. Compared with women who seldom consumed fish (&lt;1 serving/mo), the relative risks (RRs) (95% CI) of CHD adjusted for age, smoking, and other established coronary risk factors were 0.70 (0.48 to 1.03) for fish consumption 1 to 3 times per month, 0.60 (0.42 to 0.85) for once per week, 0.64 (0.42 to 0.99) for 2 to 4 times per week, and 0.36 (0.20 to 0.66) for 5 or more times per week ( P for trend=0.002). Higher consumption of fish was also associated with a significantly lower total mortality (multivariate RR=0.48 [0.29 to 0.80] for ≥5 times per week [ P for trend=0.005]). Higher consumption of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids was associated with a trend toward lower incidence of CHD (RR=0.69 [95% CI 0.47 to 1.03], P for trend=0.10) and total mortality (RR=0.63 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88], P for trend=0.02). Conclusions— A higher consumption of fish and long-chain ω-3 fatty acids was associated with a lower CHD incidence and total mortality among diabetic women.
War Sailor Syndrome
Authors: Finn Askevold
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

One third of the Norwegian sailors in the merchant navy, who survived World War II, are today disabled and on invalid pension. The majority suffer from a syndrome which is very similar to that present in the concentration camp survivors. The syndrome falls into two parts, the one consisting of non-neurotic anxiety repeating the terrors of war time, the other being a brain-organic one. This last part has in a few cases been confirmed by neuroradiology and neuropsychology. This is taken as an indicator that prolonged stress, as constant fear of death, may cause brain damage without physical trauma.
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Authors: Robert R. Linton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE last progress report on peripheral vascular diseases was published in this journal approximately four years ago.1 In this relatively short period great strides have been made in the definitive treatment of some of the diseases, especially atherosclerosis obliterans. The amount of material that has been published in these few years in the medical and surgical literature is stupendous. It should be recognized that it is impossible to acknowledge in this report all the articles and the authors who have written them, so that only a relatively short bibliography will be given, and it is hoped that those not cited . . .
REAL TIME CELLULAR VIDEO-PHONE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM TRANSMISSION OF PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A NOVEL TELE-MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY TO SHORTEN DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIME
Authors: Manuel A. Gonzalez, Sara D. Collins, Marie E. Rodrigo, Itsik Ben-Dor, Gabriel Maluenda, Asmir I. Syed, Michael A. Gaglia, Cedric Delhaye, Kohei Wakabayashi, Rebecca Torguson, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE COUNTRY DOCTOR.
Authors: JOHN G. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A country doctor ought to know what any trained physician ought to know. In order to make a success of his profession he must have a most thorough preliminary education, must avail himself of the advantages of his medical course to the utmost and be determined to improve himself at every opportunity. His training when he enters on his life's work has simply laid open to his vision a glimpse of its possibilities. His future depends largely on his capacity for work. His savings for years must be reinvested in office equipment. He must embrace the opportunities freely given by the masters of the profession at their clinics to see their work and to learn to a certainty that their success has been by intense application for years along definite lines. Specialism is only a division of labor as practiced by all people as they have advanced through the various
Elemental diet as primary treatment of acute Crohn's disease: a controlled trial.
Authors: C O'Morain, A W Segal, A J Levi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Acute exacerbations of Crohn9s disease are usually treated with prednisolone or potentially more toxic immunosuppressive drugs or by surgery. In pilot studies replacing the normal diet by a protein free elemental diet also induced remission. A controlled trial was therefore conducted in which 21 patients acutely ill with exacerbations of Crohn9s disease were randomised to receive either prednisolone 0.75 mg/kg/day or an elemental diet (Vivonex) for four weeks. Assessment at four and 12 weeks showed that the patients treated with the elemental diet had improved as much as and by some criteria more than the steroid treated group. Elemental diet is a safe and effective treatment for acute Crohn9s disease.