tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Culpability and Accountability of Hospitalized Injured Alcohol-Impaired Drivers
Authors: Kimball I. Maull
Journal: JAMA (1984)

During the three-year period ending October 1982, driver records, crash reports, and blood alcohol concentrations were correlated for 56 alcohol-impaired drivers injured seriously enough to warrant hospital admission. Blood alcohol concentration levels exceeded 0.15 vol% in all patients. Despite a high level of suspicion of alcohol involvement and assessment of culpability by the law enforcement officer at the scene, there were no convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) among this problem-drinker population. Injury seems to offer additional protection from enforcement of DUI statutes and, if the patient survives his injuries, allows the offender to resume driving without interdiction.
Effect of Timing of Pulmonary Metastases Identification on Prognosis of Patients With Osteosarcoma: The Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group Study
Authors: Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Yoshimitsu Kanazawa, Mohamed E. Abdel-Wanis, Naohiro Asada, Satoshi Abe, Kazuo Isu, Takashi Sugita, Katsuro Tomita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

The prognostic value of the time of identification of lung metastasis was investigated in 280 patients with metastatic lung osteosarcoma as a multi-institutional study of the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group.The 280 patients with lung metastasis were divided into four groups: group 1, patients with lung metastasis identified at initial presentation; group 2, those with lung metastasis identified during preoperative chemotherapy; group 3, those with lung metastasis identified during postoperative chemotherapy, and group 4, those with lung metastasis identified after completion of treatment. Survivals of the four groups were compared. Additionally, the effects of number of metastatic nodules, metastasectomy, and the effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor on survival of the four groups were analyzed.There were 46 patients in group 1, 30 in group 2, 94 in group 3, and 110 in group 4. The overall 2-year survival rates from the time of identification of lung metastasis were 33%, 31%, 24%, and 40% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, whereas the 5-year survival rates were 18%, 0%, 6%, and 31%, respectively. Patients in group 4 thus demonstrated significantly better prognosis than any of the other patients (P <.0001).Time of identification of lung metastasis is an important prognostic factor. In terms of clinical behavior, groups 2 and 3 are completely different than group 4. These data ensure the need to stratify stage III osteosarcomas into subgroups according to the time of diagnosis of lung metastases. To improve the survival of osteosarcoma patients, new treatment modalities should be introduced into the treatment armamentarium for lung metastasis from osteosarcoma, especially in groups 1, 2, and 3.
OC-148 Investigation and outcome of patients with ct findings suggestive of colitis: Abstract OC-148 Table 1
Authors: J G Powell-Tuck, U Dave, P Duane, P Eadala
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Multiple features of an abdominal CT scan may suggest underlying colitis, many of which are non-specific and may be mimicked by other pathologies. Such incidental findings often lead to difficulty in determining whether colonoscopic investigation is warranted. Studies that have looked at this area do not agree as to the best diagnostic approach for such patients and only included patients who had endoscopic investigations following the abnormal scan. This study aims to establish the clinical significance of an abdominal CT finding of colitis, ascertain how such findings are being investigated and determine whether these patients should undergo colonoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with CT findings of colitis in a district general hospital from March 2007 to March 2008 were included. Notes of all patients were reviewed over the 2 years following the abnormal CT scan, obtaining details of investigations, diagnosis and outcome. <h3>Results</h3> 34 patients were included in our study. 62% were female and the median age was 72. 47% of patients with CT findings of colitis had the diagnosis confirmed with further investigation. 21% of patients had infective colitis, 12% ischaemic colitis and 15% inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 6% of the total number of patients had a new diagnosis of IBD. 24% of colonoscopies undertaken were normal. 50% of patients did not undergo endoscopic examination because 12% had no GI symptoms, 24% were too unwell, 35% of diagnoses were reached by alternative investigation, 12% were unsuitable for endoscopic examination and 6% declined further investigation. Infective colitis was often poorly investigated with 32% of patients with acute diarrhoea not having a stool culture or clostridium difficile screen. Our results showed a similar incidence of colitis as previous studies but low levels of neoplasia and new diagnoses of IBD. This could be due to the inclusion of patients that did not undergo endoscopic investigation in our analysis. In those patients where endoscopic tests were not carried out based on clinical judgement, no cases of missed serious bowel pathology were found in 2 years follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion a CT scan suggestive of colitis can reflect serious underlying pathology; however endoscopic investigation is not always indicated. Each case needs to be considered individually, based on clinical presentation, ensuring that the appropriate non-invasive tests are considered first. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 2352: Molecular profiles of head and neck cancer tumorgrafts
Authors: Randall J. Kimple, Grace C. Blitzer, Alexandra D. Torres, Robert Z. Yang, Laurel D. Lorenz, Eric A. Armstrong, Benjamin J. Soriano, Paul F. Lambert, Paul M. Harari
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: We have developed a primary tumorgraft system of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with relevance for investigating mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, understanding differential responses to standard therapy in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, and testing novel therapeutics. To better understand the power, limitations and relevance of our tumorgraft system, we have initiated molecular characterization of these tumors. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent HNSCC were consented for donation of tumor at the time of surgery. Tumor tissue was obtained, washed in antibiotic rich media, manually disaggregated, and subcutaneously implanted into mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) for initial tumorgraft establishment. Subsequent mouse-to-mouse passages were performed and formalin-fixed/paraffin embedded as well as flash frozen tissue was harvested for subsequent molecular analyses. Expression of p16(Ink4a), p53, pRB, and EGFR was assessed by immunohistochemistry(IHC). HPV status and subtype was assessed using MY09/MY11 and GP5/GP6 degenerate nested polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Transcriptionally active HPV infection was assessed by qRT-PCR for the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7. Mutation status of p53 was assessed by PCR-based exon amplification and Sanger sequencing. Results: To date, thirty primary tumorgrafts have been established with robust growth in eighteen (60%). p16(INK4A) expression was identified in approximately one-third. The majority of HPV-positive tumorgrafts contained HPV-16 and were transcriptionally active by mRNA expression profiling. HPV-positive tumors showed low p53 and RB expression by IHC. As anticipated, mutations in p53 were seen more frequently in HPV-negative tumors. Conclusions: These primary human tumorgrafts represent a diverse range of head and neck cancers. Both HPV-positive tumors and HPV-negative tumors have been successfully propagated with a diverse range of molecular characteristics. These primary tumorgrafts will provide a valuable platform for testing novel therapeutics as well as radiation and chemotherapy response profiles. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2352. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2352
NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester and other alkyl esters of arginine are muscarinic receptor antagonists.
Authors: I L Buxton, D J Cheek, D Eckman, D P Westfall, K M Sanders, K D Keef
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Analogues of L-arginine with modifications at the terminal guanidino nitrogen and/or the carboxyl terminus of the molecule have been widely used for their ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and are thought to be competitive antagonists of nitric oxide synthase. The present studies were designed to test the possibility that these agents are also muscarinic receptor antagonists. Acetylcholine produced concentration-dependent contraction of endothelium-denuded rabbit coronary artery as well as isolated strips of canine colonic smooth muscle. The arginine analogue NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) but not NG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 microM) significantly shifted these contractile relations to the right, an effect that was not reversed by addition of 1 mM L-arginine. In radioligand binding studies using the muscarinic radioligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate and tissues known to contain differing contributions of M1, M2, and M3 muscarinic receptors, addition of increasing concentrations of L-NAME resulted in a monophasic competition of binding with affinities (Ki) ranging from 68 microM in endothelium to 317 microM in whole aorta. Addition of the hydrolysis-resistant guanosine 5'-triphosphate analogue GTP gamma S (100 microM) had no effect on L-NAME competition of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. Addition of L-NAME in radioligand binding competition studies using the agonist carbachol did not result in an alteration of the receptor's affinity for agonist, confirming the competitive nature of the interaction of L-NAME with the muscarinic receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Noncontact three-dimensional mapping and ablation of upper loop re-entry originating in the right atrium
Authors: Ching-Tai Tai, Jin-Long Huang, Yung-Kuo Lin, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, Pi-Chang Lee, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Bax Mediates the Apoptosis-Sensitizing Effect of Maspin
Authors: Jiayou Liu, Shuping Yin, Neelima Reddy, Craig Spencer, Shijie Sheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Maspin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), can suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro. This may occur through maspin-mediated inhibition of pericellular proteolysis. In a recent report, we provided evidence that maspin may also suppress tumor progression by enhancing cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. To our knowledge, maspin is the only proapoptotic serpin among all of the serpins implicated thus far in apoptosis regulation. The goal of the present study is to identify the specific target molecule(s), the modification of which by maspin renders tumor cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. Our cellular, molecular, and biochemical studies demonstrate an essential role of Bax in the proapoptotic effect of maspin. First, Bax was up-regulated in maspin-transfected prostate and breast tumor cells, whereas the levels of other Bcl-2 family members including Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bak remained unchanged. Second, on apoptosis induction, a greater amount of Bax was translocated from cytosol to mitochondria in maspin-transfected cells. After treatment with a Bax-silencing small interfering RNA, maspin-transfected cells became significantly more resistant to drug-induced apoptosis. Consistently, the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria was more responsive to apoptosis stimuli in maspin-transfected cells than in the mock-transfected cells. Third, the apoptosis induction of maspin-transfected cells was associated with increased activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, a caspase-9-specific inhibitor blocked the sensitization effect of maspin in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, demonstrating a rate-limiting role for caspase-9. In line with the central role of the Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, maspin sensitized the apoptotic response of breast and prostate carcinoma cells to various drugs, ranging from death ligands to endoplasmic reticulum stress. The link between maspin and Bax up-regulation explains the loss of maspin-expressing tumor cells in invasive breast and prostate carcinomas. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for tumor suppressive maspin and suggest that maspin may be used as a modifier for apoptosis-based cancer therapy.
INCIDENCE OF MYOCARDITIS/PERICARDITIS FOLLOWING SMALLPOX VERSUS INFLUENZA VACCINATION
Authors: Renata JM Engler, Michael R. Nelson, Brian A. Hemann, Barnett T. Gibbs, John E. Atwood, Christina Spooner, Robin Howard, Audrey Chang, Daniel L. Cruser, Marina N. Vernalis, Robert L. Davis, Leslie Cooper
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Injury Prevention
Authors: Ricardo Martinez
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In the United States, injuries are the leading cause of death in persons younger than 44 years and the leading cause of life-years lost because of premature death.<sup>1</sup>For each injury death, 19 other injured persons are hospitalized (National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data, 1991) and 354 receive medical care.<sup>2</sup>Each year injuries affect one in four US citizens,<sup>2</sup>accounting for almost 10% of all physician office visits<sup>3</sup>and 35% of emergency department visits.<sup>4</sup>The lifetime cost of injuries in 1990 was estimated at $215 billion, including costs related to acute care, lost wages and productivity, and disability.<sup>5</sup>These economic costs are only one aspect of the consequences of injury. Persons injured often suffer physical pain and mental and emotional anguish beyond any kind of compensation. See also pp 1506 and 1535. Despite these astounding statistics, relatively few physicians recognize that injury is
Integration Site Selection by HIV-Based Vectors in Dividing and Growth-Arrested IMR-90 Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Angela Ciuffi, Richard S. Mitchell, Christian Hoffmann, Jeremy Leipzig, Paul Shinn, Joseph R. Ecker, Frederic D. Bushman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

DNA integration is a defining step in the retroviral life cycle and the basis of stable gene transfer in retrovirus-based gene therapy. Previous studies of integration by HIV-based vectors have shown that integration is not random, but favored in active transcription units. Studies to date have focused on HIV integration in dividing cells, leaving open the question of whether integration target site selection might differ in nondividing cells. According to one idea, division of the host cell might be required for favored integration in transcription units, possibly as a result of chromatin remodeling during DNA replication. Here we have investigated this issue by comparing integration in dividing IMR-90 primary lung fibroblasts to integration in nondividing IMR-90 cells arrested in G1 by serum starvation and contact inhibition. We identified several differences in integration site selection in arrested versus dividing cells, including the frequency of integration in transcription units and in gene-rich regions. However, integration in nondividing cells was in fact more favored in transcription units, contrary to the idea that cell division was important for this bias. These data provide the first view of lentiviral integration in nondividing cells and help constrain models for the mechanism of favored integration in genes.
Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Patients with Previously Treated Malignant Mesothelioma (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30601): A Brief Report
Authors: Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Herbert Pang, Robert A. Kratzke, Gregory A. Otterson, Lydia Hodgson, Everett E. Vokes, Hedy L. Kindler
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Isogenic Normal Basal and Luminal Mammary Epithelial Isolated by a Novel Method Show a Differential Response to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Gudrun Huper, Jeffrey R. Marks
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Epithelial cells within the normal breast duct seem to be the primary target for neoplastic transformation events that eventually produce breast cancer. Normal epithelial cells are easily isolated and propagated using standard techniques. However, these techniques almost invariably result in populations of cells that are largely basal in character. Because only ∼20% of human breast cancers exhibit a basal phenotype, our understanding of the disease may be skewed by using these cells as the primary comparator to cancer. Further, because germ line mutations in BRCA1 yield breast cancers that are most often of the basal type, a comparison of normal basal and luminal cells could yield insight into the tissue and cell type specificity of this hereditary cancer susceptibility gene. In this report, we describe a simplified and efficient method for isolating basal and luminal cells from normal human breast tissue. These isogenic cells can be independently propagated and maintain phenotypic markers consistent with their respective lineages. Using these cultured cells, we show that basal and luminal cells exhibit distinct responses to ionizing radiation. Basal cells undergo a rapid but labile cell cycle arrest, whereas luminal cells show a much more durable arrest, primarily at the G2-M boundary. Molecular markers, including p53 protein accumulation, p53-activated genes, and BRCA1 nuclear focus formation all correlate with the respective cell cycle responses. Further, we show that short-term cultures of human breast tissue fragments treated with ionizing radiation show a similar phenomenon as indicated by the biphasic accumulation of p53 protein in the basal versus luminal layer. Together, these results indicate that normal basal cells have a transitory cell cycle arrest after DNA damage that may underlie their increased susceptibility to transformation after the loss of functional BRCA1. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):2990–3001]
Abstract 643: Vitamin D deficiency increases breast cancer risk: A population based case-control study in the Chinese population
Authors: Peizhan Chen, Xiaoli Gu, Yanling Liu, Xiaoguang Li, Chenglin Li, Pingting Hu, Yuan Wang, Zhouluo Ou, Hui Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Vitamin D plays an important role in metabolism, cellular function and reproduction. Vitamin D has also been suggested to have potential protective effects against many cancers including breast cancer; however, the data from the epidemiological studies have been inconclusive. Our previous meta-analysis have found high dietary vitamin D intake significantly decreased breast cancer risk (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85-0.97) and women with higher circulating 25(OH)D level showed about 45% (95% CI = 0.38-0.80) decrease in breast cancer risk (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;121(2):469-77). In a population-based case control study with 593 cases and 580 controls from Shanghai area, we have found that 80% of the normal women with severe vitamin D deficiency (less than 20ng/mL), 15.2% were of deficiency status (20 to 30ng/mL). Only 4.8% of women had sufficient vitamin D level (&amp;gt; 30ng/mL). However, in the breast cancer patients, nearly 96.1% were of vitamin D severe deficiency, 3.2% were of vitamin D deficiency and only 0.7% had sufficient levels. Based on a logistic regression analysis, compared to those with the lowest quintile of plasma 25(OH)D level, women with higher level had significant lower breast risk (Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.33-0.63; Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.17-0.36; Q4 vs.Q1, OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15) showing a significant dose-effect relationship (p-trend &amp;lt; 0.001) after adjusted for the co-variants. We also found a seasonal distribution of vitamin D. Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found for the cases and controls in spring and summer (p &amp;lt; 0.01). In the controls the mean level of vitamin D was higher in the summer (17.76ng/ml) and autumn (16.25ng/ml), and lower in the spring (15.67ng/ml) and winter (10.75ng/ml). However, in the breast cancer patients, the plasma level of vitamin D was highest in the autumn (14.38ng/ml) and lowest in the spring (10.16ng/ml). These results provide a strong evidence that vitamin D may have a chemo-preventive effect against breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 643. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-643
Unjust Rejection of Applicants to Medical Societies.
Authors: W. H. Ten Broeck
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Paris, Ill., Jan. 14, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —When a young man has been turned down by some clique or someone who is jealous of him, he naturally feels that he has been unfairly treated, and is an enemy of medical societies as long as he lives. I believe in giving the young man a chance to show that he is a gentleman; then if he shows himself unworthy it is easier to deal with him as a member of a medical society than as an outsider. I believe that many a young physician who would have proved himself a faithful and honorable member of the profession, has become a quack because he has been deprived of the good influences of a medical society. My experience as a member of a board of censors has shown how quite a number of bright young men are kept out of our medical
B and T Lymphocytes in Primary Immunodeficiency Disease in Man
Authors: Kazimiera J. Gajl-Peczalska, Byung H. Park, W. Douglas Biggar, Robert A. Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

B- and T-cell populations in 32 patients with different forms of primary immunodeficiency disease were studied. The B-cells in peripheral blood were investigated with respect to surface immunoglobulins by means of immunofluorescence. The T-cell function was studied utilizing quantitation of proliferative response to phytochemagglutinin (PHA)(1) and delayed allergy to various antigens. In 10 patients lymph node lymphocytes were also evaluated 11 male children with infantile x-linked agammaglobulinemia were divided into two subgroups. One did not show immunoglobulin spots on peripheral blood lymphocytes at all, the other contained a very low percentage of IgM- and occasionally IgA bearing lymphocytes. Eight patients with common variable immunodeficiency had moderately decreased percentages of peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulins, but these patients lacked immunoglobulin secreting cells. Four cases of isolated IgA deficiency had normal or high percentages, and two cases of ataxia-telangiectasia had high percentages of lymphocytes with IgA in so called receptor distribution in both peripheral blood and lymph nodes. In three patients with infantile combined immunodeficiency that had been corrected by marrow transplantation, the percentages of Ig-bearing lymphocytes increased to normal or high levels together with establishment of functional T-cell population and ultimate secretion of serum immunoglobulins. One case of Di George syndrome reconstituted by fetal thymus transplant showed gradual decrease of B lymphocytes in circulation parallel to restoration of T-cell population.