tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1495: Regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by claudin-3 and claudin-4.
Authors: Xiying Shang, Xinjian Lin, Gerald Manorek, Stephen Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The mechanisms that control intracellular adhesion are central to the process of invasion and metastasis. Claudin-3 (CLDN3) and claudin-4 (CLDN4) are major structural molecules of the tight junctions that link epithelial cells. Our prior work has demonstrated that knockdown of the expression of either CLDN3 or CLDN4 produces marked changes in the phenotype of ovarian carcinoma cells including increases in growth rate in vivo, migration, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance, similar to those produced by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We postulated that these changes may result from the ability of CLDN3 or CLDN4 to suppress EMT. In this study we found that knockdown of either CLDN3 or CLDN4 increased cell size and resulted in elongated, fibroblastic morphology. While knockdown of CLDN3 or CLDN4 did not alter the expression of vimentin, it significantly down-regulated the level of E-cadherin and up-regulated N-cadherin expression. Conversely, over-expression of CLDN3 or CLDN4 in a cell line that does not express endogenous CLDN3 or CLDN4 decreased N-cadherin expression. Re-expression of E-cadherin in the CLDN3 or CLDN4 knockdown cells reduced migration, invasion and tumor growth in vivo. Loss of either CLDN3 or CLDN4 resulted in activation of the PI3K pathway as evidenced by increased Akt phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the mRNA and protein levels of the transcription factor Twist. Taken together, these findings suggest that CLDN3 and CLDN4 function in the ovarian cancer cells to sustain an epithelial phenotype and that their loss promotes EMT. Citation Format: Xiying Shang, Xinjian Lin, Gerald Manorek, Stephen Howell. Regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by claudin-3 and claudin-4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1495. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1495 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
SELECTIVE DESTRUCTION IN TESTIS INDUCED BY 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ [<i>a</i>] ANTHRACENE
Authors: Elizabeth Ford, Charles Huggins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

After a single feeding or intravenous injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, the testis of rat was severely and selectively damaged, whereas the ovary of sisters was spared from injury. After many weeks, complete recovery of the testis ensued. The destructive effect of 7,12-DMBA on testis was not shared by other powerful carcinogenic hydrocarbons; 3-methylcholanthrene; benzo[a]pyrene; 2-acetaminophenanthrene. The primary sites of destruction inflicted by 7,12-DMBA on testis were spermatogonia and resting spermatocytes, the only cells in testis which synthesize deoxyribose nucleic acid. No other cells in the germinal epithelium are damaged by 7,12-DMBA. The severe atrophy of testis that ensues after some weeks is secondary to destruction of precursors in the seminiferous cell line. Moreover, interstitial cells of testis are not destroyed by the hydrocarbon. Estimation of malic dehydrogenase is a simple and useful quantitative measure of damage and subsequent repair in testis. Following administration of 7,12-DMBA, the level of MDH had an inverse relationship to weight of the testis.
Dermatological findings correlated with CD4 lymphocyte counts in a prospective 3 year study of 1161 patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease predominantly acquired through intravenous drug abuse
Authors: None MUNoz-PErez, None Rodriguez-Pichardo, None Camacho, None Colmenero
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Several prospective studies on dermatological findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infected patients have been published, mostly in populations in which the predominant risk factor for HIV infection is homosexuality. We attempted to identify cutaneous diseases associated with HIV-1 infection and to assess disease progression in a cohort of Spanish patients in whom the predominant cause of HIV infection was intravenous drug abuse. We prospectively examined 1161 HIV-1-positive patients for 38 months. Seventy-four per cent of patients were intravenous drug abusers, whereas heterosexual contact was the only risk factor in 14% and homosexuality in 9%. Centers for Disease Control stage II disease predominated (51%), whereas stage IV disease was less frequent (39%). The mean CD4 count was 353/mm3. We took patients' past and present medical history and performed a complete physical examination as well as taking photographs and carrying out the necessary diagnostic procedures. CD4 counts/mm3 were measured at each visit. A diagnosis of cutaneous disease was made in 799 patients (69%). Oral candidiasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis were the most common skin disorders, followed by xerosis, drug eruptions, dermatophytosis and the papular eruption of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Condyloma acuminatum, herpes zoster and herpes simplex were the most frequent viral infections. Conditions that have a statistically significant association with advanced stage and low CD4 levels include drug eruptions, xerosis, light reactions, diffuse alopecia, herpes simplex, oral candidiasis, psoriasis, oral hairy leucoplakia, molluscum contagiosum, Kaposi's sarcoma, furuncles, candidal intertrigo, folliculitis and ungual infection, as well as onychomycosis and tinea pedis or manuum. Dermatoses commonly associated with homosexuality, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and oral hairy leucoplakia, were rare in our patients.
In vitro studies on lymphocyte differentiation. I. Long term in vitro culture of cells giving rise to functional lymphocytes in irradiated mice.
Authors: J W Schrader, S Schrader
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

In vitro cultures of mouse bone marrow cells, maintained for periods up to 7 wk, were shown to contain cells able to repopulate irradiated hosts with T and B lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were fully functional and there did not appear to be any gross restriction of their receptor repertoire. The cultured cells reconstituted irradiated semiallogenic hosts without evidence of graft-versus-host disease, suggesting that culture of donor marrow might be a useful preliminary to transplantation when tissue matching is incomplete.
Pulsatility of Ascending Aortic Pressure Waveform Is a Powerful Predictor of Restenosis After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Yasunori Nakayama, Kei Tsumura, Naotoshi Yamashita, Kiyomichi Yoshimaru, Tomoshige Hayashi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Because ascending aortic pressure has a greater effect on coronary perfusion during diastole than systole, we hypothesized that a high coronary diastolic-to-systolic pressure ratio prevents coronary lesions from restenosing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and that ascending aortic pulsatility relative to mean pressure is higher in patients with restenosis than in those without restenosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively whether the morphology of the ascending aortic pressure wave can be used to predict restenosis after PTCA.We measured the coronary artery diameter and the aortic pressure before PTCA. To quantify the relative magnitude of the pulsatile-to-mean aortic pressure, we normalized the pulse pressure to mean pressure and referred to this value as the fractional pulse pressure (PPf). We prospectively investigated the effect of PPf in relation to subsequent risk of restenosis after PTCA in patients with coronary artery disease. PPf was a powerful predictor of restenosis. Crude cumulative incidence rates of restenosis were 17.6% for the lowest, 33.3% for the middle, and 77. 8% for the highest tertile of PPf levels. After adjustments for age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, old myocardial infarction, vessel location, vessel size, and sex, the odds ratio of restenosis was 33.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.04 to 550.6) for the highest tertile of the PPf level compared with the lowest tertile level.Pulsatility of the ascending aortic pressure is a predictive factor for restenosis after PTCA.
Abnormal Oral Sensory Perception in Patients with a History of Anorexia nervosa and the Relationship between Physiological and Psychological Improvement in this Disease
Authors: E.M. Berry, Sima Fried, E.L. Edelstein
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

14 patients with a history of anorexia nervosa (AN) (mean duration 7.1 years) were divided into two groups according to whether they were still amenorrheic (group I, n = 6) at a significantly lower body weight or at normal stable weight with eumenorrhea (group II, n = 8); 26 age-matched students served as the control group. Psychological testing included the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), shadow silhouette size rating, and a new test of oral appreciation of different sized cubes. In groups I and II, oral misperception of medium and large sizes was significantly greater than visual-tactile appreciation; and all cube sizes, however presented, were overexaggerated when compared to the controls. Group II subjects had EDI scores and ideal body weight choices similar to those of group I. Thus, in AN, in addition to visual misperception, there may be a more generalized problem of size conceptualization including oral appreciation. These findings also suggest that improvement in body weight and menstrual function, as in group II, does not necessarily imply psychological recovery in AN.
Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure in anephric subjects.
Authors: A J Man in 't Veld, I M Schicht, F H Derkx, J H de Bruyn, M A Schalekamp
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Randomised, double-blind cross-over trials were performed in seven anephric patients to determine the effect of the orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on blood pressure in fluid-depleted and fluid-replete patients. Patients were given captopril, 100 mg orally, or placebo one hour after haemodialysis, when they were fluid depleted. Their mean (+/- SEM) supine blood pressure fell from 127 +/- 12/71 +/- 6 mm Hg before captopril to 106 +/- 13/54 +/- 4 mm Hg 24 hours after the drug, while on placebo it rose from 123 +/- 11/73 +/- 5 mm Hg to 134 +/- 10/82 +/- 8 mm Hg. All patients developed orthostatic hypotension after captopril. In the fluid-replete state, two days after haemodialysis, captopril had no effect on blood pressure. The plasma concentration of active renin was extremely low and did not rise after fluid withdrawal or captopril. Thus the hypotensive effect of captopril did not appear to depend on circulating renin concentrations. The concept of "renin-dependent" hypertension, which is responsive to captopril, as opposed to "volume-dependent" hypertension, which is not responsive to captopril, may therefore be invalid.
Medical Aspects of Homosexuality
Authors: Selma K. Dritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Drs. Corey and Holmes report in this issue on an absorbing prospective study of sexual transmission of hepatitis A in homosexual men. Their study can serve well as a base from which to call attention to the broad implications of the more serious medical aspects of homosexuality, especially the enteric diseases that are sexually transmitted. The hepatitis A that Corey and Holmes studied is but one of a complex group of enteric diseases reported in the past few years to be sexually transmitted among homosexual men. The literature is largely devoid of information on sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual women. . . .
NHANES 2009–2012 Findings: Association of Sexual Behaviors with Higher Prevalence of Oral Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infections in U.S. Men
Authors: Anil K. Chaturvedi, Barry I. Graubard, Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-yue Tong, Weihong Xiao, Lisa Kahle, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancers is higher and increasing more rapidly among men than women in the United States for unknown reasons. We compared the epidemiology of oral oncogenic HPV infection between men and women ages 14 to 69 years (N = 9,480) within the U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009-2012. HPV presence was detected in oral DNA by PCR. Analyses were stratified by gender and used NHANES sample weights. Oral oncogenic HPV prevalence was higher among men than women (6.6% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.001), corresponding to 7.07 million men versus 1.54 million women with prevalent infection at any point in time during 2009-2012. Prevalence increased significantly with age, current smoking, and lifetime number of sexual partners for both genders (adjusted Ptrend < 0.02). However, men had more partners than women (mean = 18 vs. 7, P < 0.001). Although oncogenic HPV prevalence was similar for men and women with 0 to 1 lifetime partners, the male-female difference in prevalence significantly increased with number of lifetime partners (adjusted prevalence differences for none, 1, 2-5, 6-10, 11-20, and 20+ partners = 1.0%, 0.5%, 3.0%, 5.7%, 4.6%, and 9.3%, respectively). Importantly, the per-sexual partner increase in prevalence was significantly stronger among men than among women (adjusted synergy index = 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-9.7), and this increase plateaued at 25 lifetime partners among men versus 10 partners among women. Our data suggest that the higher burden of oral oncogenic HPV infections and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers among men than women arises in part from higher number of lifetime sexual partners and stronger associations with sexual behaviors among men.
The Frequency of Tumour-like Formations in Bronchiectatic Lungs
Authors: G. J. Cunningham, E. Nassau, J. B. Walter
Journal: Thorax (1958)

The occurrence of abnormal clumps of epithelial cells in fibrotic lesions of the lung has been long recognized.Pagel (1926) reviewed the earlier references and gave the first adequate description of these lesions in bronchiectasis.He considered that they were metaplastic rather than neoplastic in nature and related to the bronchiectasis.In contrast, Bert and Fischer (1910) regarded the cells in their case as having their origin in an embryonic rest.Since then, however, the inter- pretation of their significance has varied considerably.They have been regarded as either atypical hyperplasias, adenomata, carcinoids, or carcino- mata.Those writers who have thought them malignant have regarded them as evidence for the peripheral origin of lung cancer.The subject has been well reviewed by Whitwell (1955), who considered that these tumour-like formations or " tumourlets " were hyperplasias rather than true tumours.The majority of earlier reports were based on lesions found in post-mortem material: more recent papers have dealt with their occur- rence in bronchiectatic lung tissue removed sur- gically.Many of these lesions have been found accidentally, and most authors would agree with Cureton and Hill (1955) in saying that they were infrequently found in bronchiectasis.We have attempted to discover the true frequency of these lesions by a systematic search in bronchiectatic lungs, and the present paper reports the findings in a series of 102 cases.
Antigen Analogs/MHC Complexes as Specific T Cell Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Alessandro Sette, Jeff Alexander, Jörg Ruppert, Ken Snoke, Alessandra Franco, Glenn Ishioka, Howard M. Grey
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Recent studies demonstrated that antigen analogs can act as powerful and specific inhibitors of T cell activation, leading to the formulation of the concept that antigen analog/MHC complexes may act as antagonists of the T cell receptor (TCR). TCR antagonism appears to be associated with engagement of the TCR below a crucial affinity threshold necessary for full T cell activation. Studies addressing the molecular mechanism of this effect suggest that TCR antagonists could act by interfering with membrane-related events (such as proper receptor clustering) that might precede intracellular signaling. Discovery of the TCR antagonism phenomenon also suggested a possible rational approach to antigen-specific immunointervention in allergies and autoimmune diseases. The feasibility of such an approach is now being actively investigated. Finally, TCR antagonist peptides may provide a useful tool to probe TCR-peptide/MHC interactions involved in the process of thymic education.
Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccines Can Successfully Elicit CD8+ T Cell Immunity under Conditions of Extreme Leukopenia
Authors: Natalie Grinshtein, Teng-Chih Yang, Robin Parsons, James Millar, Galina Denisova, Dilan Dissanayake, Jaina Leitch, Yonghong Wan, Jonathan Bramson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have examined the efficacy of vaccination with recombinant adenovirus under conditions of extreme leukopenia in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with autologous bone marrow. The expansion of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells following immunization of lethally irradiated hosts paralleled the recovery of total CD8(+) T cells. Surprisingly, the numbers of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in lethally irradiated mice beyond 6 weeks postimmunization were comparable to the numbers found in nonirradiated controls. CD8(+) T cells elicited in the lethally irradiated hosts were functionally indistinguishable from those elicited in normal hosts. Antigen expression and presentation persisted for a longer period of time in the draining lymph nodes of irradiated mice compared to those of nonirradiated animals, suggesting that antigen presentation mechanisms were intact during the reconstitution period. Experiments employing allogeneic bone marrow demonstrated that radioresistant host antigen-presenting cells were responsible for antigen presentation during the process of immune reconstitution. These results demonstrate clear compatibility of adenovirus vaccines and cytotoxic therapy. Furthermore, these observations provide novel insights into the mechanisms of CD8(+) T cell activation following adenovirus immunization.
President Mbeki might have a case on rethinking AIDS
Authors: S. W Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—As a prison medical officer in South Africa, I partly agree with President Mbeki's sceptical view of current statistical research into HIV infection and AIDS.1

The research data tend to be formulated from actuarial models and short trials in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Pregnancy is known to cause a raised rate of false positive results on testing for HIV infection with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of such research lead …
Return of “Accurate” and “Actionable” Results: Yes!
Authors: Bartha Maria Knoppers, Claude Laberge
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Note: This Open Peer Commentary addresses Juli Murphy et al.'s Target Article Public Expectations for Return of Results from Large-Cohort Genetic Research from The American Journal of Bioethics 8(11): 36–43 and the Open Peer Commentaries that follow on pp. 44–50.
Gender differences in cardiac biomarkers in patients with unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in TACTICS-TIMI 18
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, Christopher P. Cannon, David A. Morrow, Marc S. Sabatine, Sabina A. Murphy, Nadir Rafai, Peter M. DiBattiste, C.Michael Gibson, Carolyn H. McCabe, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Vagal and Sympathetic Mechanisms in Patients With Orthostatic Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Carlos A. Morillo, Dwain L. Eckberg, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Larry A. Beightol, Jeffrey B. Hoag, Kari U.O. Tahvanainen, Tom A. Kuusela, André M. Diedrich
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Autonomic and particularly sympathetic mechanisms play a central role in the pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope. We report direct measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with orthostatic vasovagal syncope. Methods and Results We studied 53 otherwise healthy patients with orthostatic syncope. We measured RR intervals and finger arterial pressures and in 15 patients, peroneal nerve muscle sympathetic activity before and during passive 60 degree head-up tilt, with low-dose intravenous isoproterenol if presyncope did not develop by 15 minutes. We measured baroreflex gain before tilt with regression of RR intervals or sympathetic bursts on systolic or diastolic pressures after sequential injections of nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Orthostatic vasovagal reactions occurred in 21 patients, including 7 microneurography patients. Presyncopal and nonsyncopal patients had similar baseline RR intervals, arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Vagal baroreflex responses were significantly impaired at arterial pressures below (but not above) baseline levels in presyncopal patients. Initial responses to tilt were comparable; however, during the final 200 seconds of tilt, presyncopal patients had lower RR intervals and diastolic pressures than nonsyncopal patients and gradual reduction of arterial pressure and sympathetic activity. Frank presyncope began abruptly with precipitous reduction of arterial pressure, disappearance of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and RR interval lengthening. Conclusions Patients with orthostatic vasovagal reactions have impaired vagal baroreflex responses to arterial pressure changes below resting levels but normal initial responses to upright tilt. Subtle vasovagal physiology begins before overt presyncope. The final trigger of human orthostatic vasovagal reactions appears to be the abrupt disappearance of muscle sympathetic nerve activity.
Complication of the reuse of flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters.
Authors: G R Park, D H Scott
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The common complications of flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters are well documented,12 and include thrombosis on the catheter surface after prolonged use.3 * Because of the high cost of these catheters (three lumen ?30, four lumen thermo? dilution ?80) it is tempting to reuse them once after sterilising with ethylene oxide, despite the manufacturer's recommendation to the contrary. We report on two patients in whom reuse was potentially dangerous.
Stent + Radiation No Sure Cure for Stenosis
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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