tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Aspects of the Laser: The Introduction of Laser Applications Into Biology and Medicine
Authors: J. T. Helsper
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The author is in charge of what I believe is the largest laser laboratory in which the biomedical aspects of laser in clinical medicine are being studied. He, in cooperation with his associates, has summarized to some extent their total achievement, as well as the achievement of laser investigators in the area of biology and medicine. Their book opens on the subject of laser history and theory and extends to the design of laser laboratories. It was not until 1960 that the first functional laser was constructed. The progression of engineering development in laser energy has been one of the greatest in the history of engineering. The biomedical effects, whereas extremely interesting, have not been quite as rewarding. While it is probably true that laser energy has found a real place in ophthalmology, the place of laser energy in the other fields of medicine is still somewhat clouded. It is
The impact of TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) expression in precursor B cells and implications for leukaemia using three different genome-wide screening methods
Authors: Y Linka, S Ginzel, M Krüger, A Novosel, M Gombert, E Kremmer, J Harbott, R Thiele, A Borkhardt, P Landgraf
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

The reciprocal translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), the most common structural genomic alteration in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children, results in a chimeric transcription factor TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1). We identified directly and indirectly regulated target genes utilizing an inducible TEL-AML1 system derived from the murine pro B-cell line BA/F3 and a monoclonal antibody directed against TEL-AML1. By integration of promoter binding identified with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip, gene expression and protein output through microarray technology and stable labelling of amino acids in cell culture, we identified 217 directly and 118 indirectly regulated targets of the TEL-AML1 fusion protein. Directly, but not indirectly, regulated promoters were enriched in AML1-binding sites. The majority of promoter regions were specific for the fusion protein and not bound by native AML1 or TEL. Comparison with gene expression profiles from TEL-AML1-positive patients identified 56 concordantly misregulated genes with negative effects on proliferation and cellular transport mechanisms and positive effects on cellular migration, and stress responses including immunological responses. In summary, this work for the first time gives a comprehensive insight into how TEL-AML1 expression may directly and indirectly contribute to alter cells to become prone for leukemic transformation.
Endoscopic Diathermy Incision in the Treatment of Stoma Obstruction after Gastroplasty for Obesity
Authors: J. Frøyen, A.R. Rosseland, N. Helsingen
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

The incidence of stomal obstruction following gastric restrictive procedures varies with the different methods in use. This complication may cause prolonged hospitalization and even reoperation. The objective of this clinical study was to develop a safe and efficient non-operative alternative for treating stomal obstruction. We transferred current techniques and experience from endoscopic papillotomy to the field of bariatric surgery, and during the past four years we have performed fourteen endoscopic diathermy incisions in eleven patients with resistant stoma obstruction after gastroplasty. The results have been good and there have been no complications. Neither has failure to lose weight due to widening of the stoma occurred. Since we took up the procedure, there have been no relaparotomies due to stoma obstruction in our department. In conclusion, endoscopic incision of an obstructed stoma after gastroplasty is an easily-performed and highly effective alternative to other non-operative procedures for the treatment of serious complications in bariatric surgery.
Rationale and design of the multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT)
Authors: Mihai Gheorghiade, Mazen Albaghdadi, Faiez Zannad, Gregg C. Fonarow, Michael Böhm, Claudio Gimpelewicz, Jaco Botha, Shelley Moores, Eldrin F. Lewis, Henning Rattunde, Aldo Maggioni
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Transfer of allergic airway responses with antigen-primed CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells in brown Norway rats.
Authors: A Watanabe, H Mishima, P M Renzi, L J Xu, Q Hamid, J G Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Activated CD4+ helper T cells have been demonstrated in asthmatic airways and postulated to play a central role in eliciting allergic inflammation; direct evidence of their involvement seems to be lacking. We hypothesized that CD4+ T cells have the potential to induce allergic responses to antigen challenge, and tested this hypothesis in a model of allergic bronchoconstriction, the Brown Norway rat, using the approach of adoptive transfer. Animals were actively sensitized to either ovalbumin (OVA) or BSA and were used as donors of T cells. W3/25(CD4)+ or OX8(CD8)+ T cells were isolated from the cervical lymph nodes of sensitized donors and transferred to naive BN rats. 2 d after adoptive transfer recipient rats were challenged by OVA inhalation, and changes in lung resistance (RL), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, and serum levels of antigen-specific IgE were studied. After OVA challenge recipients of OVA-primed W3/25+ T cells exhibited sustained increases in RL throughout the entire 8-h observation period and had significant bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, which was detected by immunocytochemistry using an antimajor basic protein mAb. Recipients of BSA-primed W3/25+ T cells or OVA-primed OX8+ T cells failed to respond to inhaled OVA. OVA-specific immunoglobulin E was undetectable by ELISA or skin testing in any of the recipient rats after adoptive transfer. In conclusion, antigen-induced airway bronchoconstriction and eosinophilia were successfully transferred by antigen-specific W3/25+ T cells in Brown Norway rats. These responses were dependent on antigen-primed W3/25+ T cells and appeared to be independent of IgE-mediated mast cell activation. This study provides clear evidence for T cell mediated immune mechanisms in allergic airway responses in this experimental model.
B-cell depletion reactivates B lymphopoiesis in the BM and rejuvenates the B lineage in aging
Authors: Zohar Keren, Shulamit Naor, Shahar Nussbaum, Karin Golan, Tomer Itkin, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Tsvee Lapidot, Doron Melamed
Journal: Blood (2011)
Long-Term Outcomes After Valve Replacement for Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Alexander Kulik, Ian G. Burwash, Varun Kapila, Thierry G. Mesana, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The long-term outcomes of patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis (LGAS) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to define the long-term outcomes of LGAS patients after AVR and to evaluate the potential impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) in these patients.A cohort of 664 patients undergoing AVR for aortic stenosis after 1990 were followed-up prospectively with annual clinical assessment and echocardiography (total follow-up 3447 patient-years; mean follow-up 5.2+/-3.3 years). LGAS was defined as an aortic valve area <1.2 cm2, a mean transvalvular pressure gradient <40 mm Hg, and a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50%, and was present in 79 patients. Rates and correlates of survival, freedom from congestive heart failure (CHF), and LV mass regression after AVR were determined using multivariate regression methods. Ten-year survival and freedom from CHF after AVR were 72.7+/-7.5% and 68.2+/-9.5%, respectively, for patients with LGAS, compared with 89.6+/-1.8% and 84.1+/-4.2% for patients without LGAS (hazard ratio [HR] for death and postoperative CHF, 3.1+/-1.1 and 2.7+/-0.9, respectively; P<0.01). In LGAS patients, PPM, defined as an indexed effective orifice area < or = 0.85 cm2/m2, was independently associated with increased rates of CHF (HR, 3.6+/-2.2; P=0.039), impaired LV mass regression (P=0.037), and a trend toward increased late mortality (HR, 3.0+/-1.9; P=0.084).Patients with LGAS have worse long-term outcomes after AVR compared with patients without LGAS. PPM adversely affects the long-term outcomes of LGAS patients and should be avoided in this population.
Erythropoietin, the FDA, and Oncology
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

As has been the case for patients with chronic renal failure, treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) has substantially raised the hemoglobin concentrations of hundreds of thousands of patients with cancer, diminishing their need for red-cell transfusions during chemotherapy. At the same time, use of these agents has raised safety concerns because they can cause thromboembolic events and increase “the risk for death and for serious cardiovascular events when administered to target a hemoglobin of greater than 12 g/dL,” according to the black-box warning that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added to the prescribing information in March 2007.1 Therefore, the . . .
Pressure Support Reduces Inspiratory Effort and Dyspnea during Exercise in Chronic Airflow Obstruction
Authors: François Maltais, Hajo Reissmann, Stewart B. Gottfried
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Exercise training has been of limited success in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), in part because of the reduced ventilatory capacity and excessive dyspnea experienced. Pressure support (PS) is a new form of mechanical ventilation which can effectively assist ventilation when applied noninvasively to patients in acute respiratory failure. It was hypothesized that PS might also be used to improve exercise performance, and ultimately physical conditioning, in ambulatory patients with CAO undergoing exercise training. To begin to address this concept, the objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the feasibility of providing PS to exercising patients with CAO and (2) to determine its effects on breathing pattern, inspiratory effort, and dyspnea. Flow and volume, mouth, esophageal, and gastric pressure were measured in seven patients with severe CAO (mean FEV1 = 0.75 ± SEM 0.09 L) performing constant workload bicycle exercise (33 ± 6 watts) during control conditions and with the application of PS (approximately 10 cm H2O). PS increased minute ventilation as a result of changes in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. This occurred despite marked reductions in inspiratory effort, as indicated by the pressure-time integrals of esophageal (68 ± 5% control, p < 0.0005) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (52 ± 8% control, p < 0.0005). Using a 5-point bidirectional scale to assess changes in dyspnea, breathlessness improved significantly with the addition of PS (2.3 ± 0.6, p < 0.05) and worsened to a similar degree when it was removed (2.1 ± 0.5, p < 0.05). In conclusion, PS was well tolerated in exercising patients with severe CAO and effectively assisted ventilation, reducing both inspiratory effort and dyspnea. These results indicate that further work is warranted to determine whether PS can facilitate exercise reconditioning and improve physical fitness in patients enrolled in an exercise training program.
MERCURY POISONING FOLLOWING THE USE OF MEROXYL
Authors: Richard C. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This case is considered of sufficient importance to report, because it represents the only instance known to me of mercury poisoning following the use of one of the mercurial germicides, meroxyl. Apparently, death resulted from absorption of this drug, which had been used to swab the wound during a protracted orthopedic operation.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —A poorly developed and poorly nourished white girl, aged 13 years, was, from the age of 2 years, unable to walk correctly, because of muscular weakness diagnosed as postpoliomyelitic paralysis. For the improvement of her condition, she was operated on at the New Haven Hospital, Sept. 30, 1924, a fasciotomy, lasting one hour and forty minutes, being done under gas-oxygen anesthesia. The condition of the child was good immediately after the operation, but about seven hours later, signs of collapse appeared and persisted. The child had many loose, involuntary stools, vomited repeatedly, and was,
CXCR5+ T helper cells mediate protective immunity against tuberculosis
Authors: Samantha R. Slight, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Radha Gopal, Yinyao Lin, Beth A. Fallert Junecko, Smriti Mehra, Moises Selman, Enrique Becerril-Villanueva, Javier Baquera-Heredia, Lenin Pavon, Deepak Kaushal, Todd A. Reinhart, Troy D. Randall, Shabaana A. Khader
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although most infected people remain asymptomatic, they have a 10% lifetime risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Thus, the current challenge is to identify immune parameters that distinguish individuals with latent TB from those with active TB. Using human and experimental models of Mtb infection, we demonstrated that organized ectopic lymphoid structures containing CXCR5+ T cells were present in Mtb-infected lungs. In addition, we found that in experimental Mtb infection models, the presence of CXCR5+ T cells within ectopic lymphoid structures was associated with immune control. Furthermore, in a mouse model of Mtb infection, we showed that activated CD4+CXCR5+ T cells accumulated in Mtb-infected lungs and produced proinflammatory cytokines. Mice deficient in Cxcr5 had increased susceptibility to TB due to defective T cell localization within the lung parenchyma. We demonstrated that CXCR5 expression in T cells mediated correct T cell localization within TB granulomas, promoted efficient macrophage activation, protected against Mtb infection, and facilitated lymphoid follicle formation. These data demonstrate that CD4+CXCR5+ T cells play a protective role in the immune response against TB and highlight their potential use for future TB vaccine design and therapy.
Enhanced monocyte and neutrophil cytotoxicity and normal cyclic nucleotide levels in severe psoriasis
Authors: T. HERLIN, K. KRAGBALLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

SUMMARY Eighteen patients with active psoriasis were investigated for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by monocytes and neutrophil leukocytes. Patients with extensive psoriatic lesions showed increased ADCC whereas patients with minimal psoriasis had normal mono cyte and neutrophil function. After clinical remission the ADCC became normal. No stimulatory factors in psoriatic serum could be demonstrated. The increased monocyte and neutrophil cytotoxicity in severe psoriasis is not explained by altered cyclic nucleotide levels as cAMP and cGMP levels were normal in psoriatic monocytes and neutrophils showing both increased and normal ADCC. Our results indicate that increased ADCC is secondary to the psoriatic activity.
Staff Status — Doctors and the Press — Complaining Patients
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IN spite of an overall shortage of doctors, the career prospects for young medical graduates have been uncertain, ever since the inception of the National Health Service in 1948. The survival of the family physician or general practitioner as the primary source of advice has been one of the distinguishing features of the British National Health Service, but in the early days of the Service, general practice appeared relatively much less attractive than hospital medicine, for general practitioners were virtually excluded from hospital privileges and were rather poorly paid. On the other hand, the path to a senior hospital-staff appointment . . .
Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Georges Desmonts, Jacques Couvreur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Of 378 pregnant women with high initial toxoplasma antibody titers or seroconversion during pregnancy, 183 acquired the infection during pregnancy, a rate of 6.3 per 100 pregnancies. There were 11 abortions; seven infants were stillborn or died. Toxoplasmosis occurred in 59 of the nonaborted offspring. Among these, two died, and seven had severe disease with cerebral and ocular involvement. Of the remaining 50, 11 had mild, and 39 had subclinical illness. Severe disease was noted only when maternal infections were acquired during the first two trimesters. Later acquisition resulted in subclinical or no fetal infections. Parasites were isolated from the placentas of 25 per cent of those who acquired toxoplasma during pregnancy. Treatment with spiramycin during pregnancy reduced the overall frequency of the fetal infections but not of overt disease. Mothers with antibodies before they became pregnant had no infected infants. (N Engl J Med 290:1110–1116, 1974)
Pro12Ala Polymorphism in the <i>PPARG</i> Gene Contributes to the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Limei Liu, Taishan Zheng, Feng Wang, Niansong Wang, Ming Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Lapice et al. (1) confirmed the findings in Chinese (2) or Caucasian patients (3) on the association between the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2 Pro12Ala and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) in a large population with type 2 diabetic patients ( n = 750) of Caucasian origin. Moreover, they observed that the Ala12 carrier showed significantly lower plasma urea and creatinine (Scr) and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than the Pro12 carrier ( P < 0.05 for each) in the study.

In our study, there were significantly elevated Scr and blood urea nitrogen [i.e., …
Immaterial to Diagnosis
Authors: Rosamond Kane
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hurray for Dr Vaisrub! The Cherill M. Parmentier-Pereras are taking all the fun out of life. How frightfully dreary life will be when my colleagues fear to hold the door for me. God gave us each a brain And its functions quite the same But in His wisdom did He decree That the monotony of unisex needn't be. I hope that my response and smile Make my colleague feel his courtesy's worthwhile. The Parmentier-Pereras may be missing some gratuitous clues. Surely an "attractive" patient is reflecting pretty adequate compensation of her medical problems. She is sufficiently free of symptoms to maintain herself in well-groomed fashion. Let her grooming falter, and her physician may find that she is being overwhelmed by her medical or psychological problems. Should she move and seek a new physician, that single adjective might be the only clue to a change in this patient's
Onc-gene expression in hyperplasia induced by tape stripping or by topical application of TPA
Authors: P.U. GIACOMONI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Guinea-pig ears were treated topically with 20 nmol of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, or deprived of their horny layer by nine successive strippings. At different times after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed, the epidermis removed from the ears, and the RNA from the epidermis purified and analysed by dot-blot hybridization in order to assess and determine the amount of RNA able to hybridize to each one of the 18 onc-gene DNA probes. The following probes were used: v-src, v-fps, v-yes, v-ros, v-myc, c-myc, v-erb AB, v-myb, v-mos, v-Ha-ras, v-Ki-ras, v-abl, v-fos, v-fes, v-fms, c-sis, B-lym, v-raf. At o h, expression of B-lym and of myc and fos is seen. ErbAB mRNA is detected between 10 min and 4 h after stripping, as well as after TPA application. B-lym mRNA is detected for up to 36 h after stripping and for up to 8 h after TPA application. C-myc mRNa is detected for up to 36 h after tape stripping, but only for the first hour after TPA application. RNA complementary to the other one probes was not detected, and synthesis of RNA complementary to an actin DNA probe was observed for 8 h after TPA application.
A Factor Inhibiting Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Plasma of Patients with Malignant Neoplasms.
Authors: Jae C. Chang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972A Factor Inhibiting Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Plasma of Patients with Malignant Neoplasms.Jae C. Chang, M.D., Thomas C. Hall, F.A.C.P.Jae C. Chang, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas C. Hall, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-876_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn vitro, the effects of plasma from patients with malignant neoplasms who were not receiving radiation and chemotherapy were studied on DNA and RNA synthesis from14C-thymidine (TdR),3H-deoxyuridine (UdR), and14C-uridine (UR) in day-5 L1210 mouse ascites leukemic cells. Plasma at the concentration of 10% from three of 20 patients showed 50% to 90% inhibition of TdR incorporation into DNA, 50% to 75% UdR into DNA, and 70% to 98% UR into RNA. These plasmas from three patients showed uniform inhibition of all DNA and RNA synthesis without specific depression on any particular pathway, which is suggestive of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 876-876KeywordsAscitesAttentionBlood plasmaCellsChemotherapyDNADNA synthesisNucleic acidsRNA Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Resuscitation After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eliot Corday
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Cardiac arrest is considered to have occurred when the heart is unable to provide sufficient output to sustain life. Essentially, therefore, cardiac arrest results from ventricular asystole, ventricular fibrillation, or downward displacement of the pacemaker with ineffectual ventricular systole. Each mechanism of arrest requires accurate diagnosis because each necessitates a specific treatment. Positive diagnosis can only be made from an electrocardiographic signal. The specific treatment of ventricular asystole or standstill is electrical pacemaking, of ventricular fibrillation the treatment is electrical defibrillation, while there is no means yet available specifically to reverse the lack of ventricular function due to a downward displacement of the pacemaker. When prompt specific and supportive therapy is utilized, the outlook in ventricular asystole and ventricular fibrillation is relatively favorable, while in downward displacement of the pacemaker, it is poor. <h3>Why Resuscitation?</h3> Until recently, to resuscitate or not has been the source of considerable controversy. Some physicians
Failure of Ketoconazole in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: John R. Perfect
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Ketoconazole was used to treat an indolent case of cryptococcal meningitis that had not completely responded to a course of standard therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. Despite treatment with 600 mg/day of ketoconazole for seven months and adequate serum and CSF concentrations, the patient suffered a relapse while still receiving the drug. After the relapse, the condition responded to a higher-than-standard dose course of amphotericin B and flucytosine. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3349-3351)