tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
5-Fluorocytosine in the Treatment of Cryptococcal and Candida Mycoses
Authors: ROBERT J. FASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Five patients with systemic mycoses were treated with oral 5-fluorocytosine for 22 to 820 days. Two patients with chronic cryptococcal meningitis had become unresponsive to amphotericin B therapy; both improved dramatically with the concomitant administration of 5-fluorocytosine but subsequently relapsed. A third patient had cryptococcal meningitis and a pulmonary nodule; the meningitis was cured with amphotericin B, but the pulmonary infection was active 1 year later and responded to 5-fluorocytosine. A fourth patient with cryptococcal meningitis survived only briefly but showed evidence of improvement before death. A single patient with candida endocarditis on a Starr-Edwards aortic prosthesis responded favorably to combined therapy with amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and surgical replacement of the prosthesis. Although cure rates could not be calculated, therapy with 5-fluorocytosine was well tolerated and significantly efficacious in the treatment of complicated mycoses to merit further clinical evaluation. The major limiting factor in its usefulness for treating cryptococcal disease may be the in vivo development of resistance during therapy.
Management of COPD
Authors: T K Marras
Journal: Thorax (2003)

In their recent review1 MacNee and Calverley provided an excellent summary of the management of COPD. However, I question their assertions regarding domiciliary oxygen. Citing the work of Gorecka et al 2 and Chaouat et al ,3 it is stated that domiciliary oxygen does not benefit patients with relatively mild hypoxaemia or isolated nocturnal desaturation.

Gorecka et al studied 135 patients with oxygen tension 7.4–8.7 kPa (56–65 mm Hg) randomised to domiciliary oxygen versus control.2 As previously noted, this study was underpowered to detect potential significant mortality benefits. …
Glial Nax Channels Control Lactate Signaling to Neurons for Brain [Na+] Sensing
Authors: Hidetada Shimizu, Eiji Watanabe, Takeshi Y. Hiyama, Ayano Nagakura, Akihiro Fujikawa, Haruo Okado, Yuchio Yanagawa, Kunihiko Obata, Masaharu Noda
Journal: Neuron (2007)
A piece of my mind. Role models
Authors: B. D. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1), a useful adjunct to pathologists to identify hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in human liver diseases
Authors: S. Lepreux, A. Desmouliere, J. Rosenbaum, G. Gabbiani, C. Balabaud, P. Bioulac-Sage
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Patients
Authors: Philip R. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The porphyrias are a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired disorders. Each of the individual porphyrias is a distinct clinical condition resulting from an abnormality of a specific heme synthesis enzyme. Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is biochemically characterized by the reduced activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. In the familial form of PCT, both erythrocyte and hepatocyte enzyme activity is deficient, whereas in its acquired form, usually only the liver cells have diminished enzyme activity. Patients with PCT typically develop cutaneous lesions secondary to chronic or delayed photosensitivity. Increased skin fragility, bruising, vesicles, bullae, hyperpigmentation, and hypertrichosis are early features, whereas mild to mutilating scarring, milia, and sclerodermoid changes are late manifestations of PCT-associated sensitivity.<sup>1</sup> A 48-year-old, homosexual, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—seropositive man was evaluated for blisters on his hands and forehead. Prior acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related infection included oral candidiasis; he was currently receiving zidovudine, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and nystatin.
The Ingelfinger Rule Revisited
Authors: Marcia Angell, Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE Journal has long had a policy, known as the Ingelfinger Rule, of considering a manuscript for publication only if its substance has not been submitted or reported elsewhere. This policy was promulgated in 1969 by the editor, Franz J. Ingelfinger,1 to protect the Journal from publishing material that had already been published and thus had lost its originality. The policy was maintained by Ingelfinger's successor, Arnold S. Relman,2 , 3 who saw it as a way to discourage the public announcement of research findings before publication in a scientific journal, as well as to discourage the growing practice of redundant publication. . . .
Cytogenetic Evidence of the Multistep Origin of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: J. M. Cowan, M. A. Beckett, S. Ahmed-Swan, R. R. Weichselbaum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are associated with tobacco and alcohol use; therefore, the incidence of this type of tumor is expected to rise in the future as a result of the increasing numbers of female and adolescent smokers. Previous reports of cytogenetic analysis of this type of tumor have implicated a number of chromosomal regions in recurring changes, but no clear pattern of characteristic changes has emerged. Purpose : We have undertaken cytogenetic analysis of 10 cell lines which were established from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, to determine the possible sites of additional tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes that may contribute to malignant transformation. Methods : Metaphases were harvested from cultures of cells in the exponential growth phase, following exposure to Colcemid (demecolcine) at a final concentration of 30 ng/mL for 5 hours. Air-dried slides were G-banded using trypsin and Giemsa. Fifteen metaphases were photographed and fully karyotyped. Results : We observed that several chromosomal regions were lost at high frequency, including 18q (10 of 10 lines), 10p (eight of 10 lines), 3p (six of 10 lines), 8p (seven of 10 lines), and the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes (seven of 10 lines). Nine of 10 lines had additional copies of 7p. We also noted clustering of breakpoints in a number of chromosome bands, including 1p22, 10q11.2, 11q13, and the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. Conclusion : The observation of loss of multiple chromosomal regions in a significant number of lines analyzed is consistent with the theory that tumorigenesis occurs as the result of the accumulation of a number of genetic alterations, as proposed for colorectal carcinoma. The high frequency with which these changes are seen suggests that genes located in these regions have a role in the etiology of this type of tumor. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 793-797, 1992]
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle and Overriding Tricuspid Valve Reflect Disturbances of Looping, Myocardialization, Endocardial Cushion Differentiation, and Apoptosis in TGF-β <sub>2</sub> –Knockout Mice
Authors: Ulrike Bartram, Daniël G. M. Molin, Lambertus J. Wisse, Azhar Mohamad, L. Philip Sanford, Thomas Doetschman, Christian P. Speer, Robert E. Poelmann, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Transforming growth factor-β 2 (TGF-β 2 ) is a member of a family of growth factors with the potential to modify multiple processes. Mice deficient in the TGF-β 2 gene die around birth and show a variety of defects of different organs, including the heart. Methods and Results —We studied the hearts of TGF-β 2 –null mouse embryos from 11.5 to 18.5 days of gestation to analyze the types of defects and determine which processes of cardiac morphogenesis are affected by the absence of TGF-β 2 . Analysis of serial sections revealed malformations of the outflow tract (typically a double-outlet right ventricle) in 87.5%. There was 1 case of common arterial trunk. Abnormal thickening of the semilunar valves was seen in 4.2%. Associated malformations of the atrioventricular (AV) canal were found in 62.5% and were composed of perimembranous inlet ventricular septal defects (37.5%), AV valve thickening (33.3%), overriding tricuspid valve (25.0%), and complete AV septal defects (4.2%). Anomalies of the aorta and its branches were seen in 33.3%. Immunohistochemical staining showed failure of myocardialization of the mesenchyme of the atrial septum and the ventricular outflow tract as well as deficient valve differentiation. Morphometry documented this to be associated with absence of the normal decrease of total endocardial cushion volume in the older stages. Apoptosis in TGF-β 2 –knockout mice was increased, although regional distribution was normal. Conclusions —TGF-β 2 –knockout mice exhibited characteristic cardiovascular anomalies comparable to malformations seen in the human population.
The enhanced effect of a hexameric deoxyriboguanosine run conjugation to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on protection against allergic asthma
Authors: Yunji Park, Yoon-Seok Chang, Seung Woo Lee, Se Yong Cho, Yoon-Keun Kim, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim, Sang-Heon Cho, Young Chul Sung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Nitroglycerin Tablets Loss of Potency-Reply
Authors: Joseph G. Valentino
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Nitroglycerin tablets are recognized in the<i>United States Pharmacopeia</i>. As such, they are required by the federal and state food and drug acts to be packaged in accordance with the requirements contained therein. Contrary to a common belief, this requirement is applicable not only to manufacturers but to dispensers of the drug.<i>USP XVIII</i>requires that nitroglycerin tablets be packaged in tight containers. Page 9 of the<i>Pharmacopeia</i>defines a tight container as one which protects the contents from contamination by extraneous liquids, solids, or vapors, from loss of the drug, and from efflorescence, deliquescence, or evaporation under the ordinary or customary conditions of handling, shipment, storage, and distribution, and is capable of tight re-closure. A USP<i>Pharmacy Board Bulletin</i>dated March 17, 1971, specifically notified pharmacy board members of this requirement and recommended that patients be warned not to transfer the prescription medication to other containers.
The tumor-promoting actions of TNF-α involve TNFR1 and IL-17 in ovarian cancer in mice and humans
Authors: Kellie A. Charles, Hagen Kulbe, Robin Soper, Monica Escorcio-Correia, Toby Lawrence, Anne Schultheis, Probir Chakravarty, Richard G. Thompson, George Kollias, John F. Smyth, Frances R. Balkwill, Thorsten Hagemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Cytokines orchestrate the tumor-promoting interplay between malignant cells and the immune system. In many experimental and human cancers, the cytokine TNF-alpha is an important component of this interplay, but its effects are pleiotropic and therefore remain to be completely defined. Using a mouse model of ovarian cancer in which either TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling was manipulated in different leukocyte populations or TNF-alpha was neutralized by antibody treatment, we found that this inflammatory cytokine maintained TNFR1-dependent IL-17 production by CD4+ cells and that this led to myeloid cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment and enhanced tumor growth. Consistent with this, in patients with advanced cancer, treatment with the TNF-alpha-specific antibody infliximab substantially reduced plasma IL-17 levels. Furthermore, expression of IL-1R and IL-23R was downregulated in CD4+CD25- cells isolated from ascites of ovarian cancer patients treated with infliximab. We have also shown that genes ascribed to the Th17 pathway map closely with the TNF-alpha signaling pathway in ovarian cancer biopsy samples, showing particularly high levels of expression of genes encoding IL-23, components of the NF-kappaB system, TGF-beta1, and proteins involved in neutrophil activation. We conclude that chronic production of TNF-alpha in the tumor microenvironment increases myeloid cell recruitment in an IL-17-dependent manner that contributes to the tumor-promoting action of this proinflammatory cytokine.
Heart Failure as a Complication of Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: DANIEL J. AHEARN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Two patients with Brescia-Cimino fistulas had congestive heart failure. The ultrasonic flowmeter was used to measure increasing fistula flow in both patients, and Branham's sign was elicited in one. Surgical revision of the fistulas resulted in clinical improvement. Congestive heart failure may occur as a result of the surgically created arteriovenous fistula. A pronounced fall in pulse rate when the fistula has been occluded and progressive rise in fistula flow as measured by the flowmeter should alert the physician to the need for surgical revision.
inv(16)/t(16;16) acute myeloid leukemia with non–type A CBFB-MYH11 fusions associate with distinct clinical and genetic features and lack KIT mutations
Authors: Sebastian Schwind, Colin G. Edwards, Deedra Nicolet, Krzysztof Mrózek, Kati Maharry, Yue-Zhong Wu, Peter Paschka, Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld, Pia Hoellerbauer, Heiko Becker, Klaus H. Metzeler, John Curfman, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Thomas W. Prior, Jonathan E. Kolitz, William Blum, Mark J. Pettenati, Paola Dal Cin, Andrew J. Carroll, Michael A. Caligiuri, Richard A. Larson, Stefano Volinia, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2012)
PELVIRECTAL AND VAGINAL HEMATOMA: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Edward W. Jew
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Rarely does the proctologist find a tumor mass occluding the rectal lumen from without that is not inflammatory. Some of the more frequent causes are sarcoma, cold abscess, tumors of the prostate, fibroma of the sacrum and tumors of the vaginal septum and female reproductive organs, and also an occasional dermoid. Hematomas obliterating the rectal lumen from without are rare. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. E., white, aged 21, had a normal spontaneous delivery, March 7, 1925. She had an apparently normal puerperium, with the exception of some pain in the lumbar region. She was examined vaginally and discharged on the tenth day, everything being normal. Four days later, I was called to see her for her complaint of pain in the rectum and lower back, inability to sit and marked weakness. Further questioning revealed that she had difficulty in passing flatus and difficulty in voiding. There had been no
Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Bone Tumors by Cryosurgery
Authors: Ralph C. Marcove
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The first patient treated by cryosurgery (Fig 1) on Feb 10, 1964, was a 48-year-old man whose lung cancer had spread to the humerus. The painful metastasis was unrelieved by two courses of x-ray therapy, and, therefore, we decided to attempt to freeze the lesion.<sup>1</sup>The relief of pain in the arm was
Salivary diagnosis of measles: a study of notified cases in the United Kingdom, 1991-3
Authors: D W Brown, M E Ramsay, A F Richards, E Miller
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To validate a method for salivary diagnosis of measles and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of notified cases of measles. Design - Blood and saliva samples were collected within 90 days of onset of symptoms from patients clinically diagnosed as having measles and tested for specific IgM by antibody capture radiommunoassay. <b>Setting</b>: 17 districts in England and one in southern Ireland during August 1991 to February 1993. <b>Subjects</b>: 236 children and adults with measles notified by a general practitioner. <b>Results</b>: Specific IgM was detected in serum in only 85 (36%) of the 236 cases.In cases associated with outbreaks and tested within six weeks of onset, 53/57 (93%) of samples were IgM positive, thereby confirming the sensitivity of serum IgM detection as a marker of recent infection. The serological confirmation rate was lower in cases with a documented history of vaccination (13/87; 15%) than in those without (70/149; 47%) and varied with age, being lowest in patients under a year, of whom only 4/36 (11%) were confirmed. Measles specific IgM was detected in 71/77 (92%) of adequate saliva samples collected from patients with serum positive for IgM. In cases where measles was not confirmed, 6/101 had rubella specific IgM and 5/132 had human parvovirus B19 specific IgM detected in serum. <b>Conclusions</b>: The existing national surveillance system for measles, which relies on clinically diagnosed cases, lacks the precision required for effective disease control. Saliva is a valid alternative to serum for IgM detection, and salivary diagnosis could play a major role in achieving measles elimination. Rubella and parvovirus B19 seem to be responsible for a minority of incorrectly diagnosed cases of measles in the United Kingdom and other infectious causes of measles-like illness need to be sought.
Cellular immune responses to methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice.
Authors: R M Bhatnagar, J B Zabriskie, A R Rausen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Several in vitro parameters of cellular immunity were examined in BALB/c mice with an experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumor. The results of capillary migration of spleen cells in high tumor cell dose inoculated mice show appearance of cellular immune response in the early stages of the tumor growth. As the tumor progresses, the cellular response declines and rapidly disappears, culminating in stimulation values near the time of the death of these mice. The blastogenic studies also show early cellular recognition of tumor antigen by mouse spleen cells and whole blood (Z24 h). After the 2nd day following tumor injection, no blast transformation is noted. However, the results obtained with a lower inoculating tumor cell dose demonstrate an initial cellular recognition on the 7th day. This response gradually disappears by the 19th day and remains negative up to the time of the death of these mice. This cellular immunity was confirmed by the cytotoxic experiments showing that the primary cells responsible for this cellular reactivity were the immune cells. An interesting finding was the presence of a factor(s) capable of blocking the cytotoxic effect. The nature and mechanism of this blocking factor(s) is now under investigation.
Three children's heart surgery units to close 13 years after Bristol inquiry
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Children’s heart surgery units at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, at Leeds General Infirmary, and at Glenfield Hospital in Leicester are to close as the NHS in England concentrates care in seven regional networks.

The decision, reached in a day long meeting by the Joint Committee of Primary Care Trusts, marks the end of a long and fiercely fought battle to reorganise paediatric heart surgery in the wake of the investigation into deaths at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. Eleven centres will become seven, because the three that failed to be selected join a fourth, the John Radcliffe in Oxford, which stopped such operations after a number of deaths in 2010.

The changes will be implemented in 2014 and will involve seven remaining units, at Great Ormond Street and Evelina Children’s Hospitals in London, the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle, Alder Hey in Liverpool, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, and Southampton General Hospital. The conclusion, reached after one of the largest consultations ever in NHS history and a legal challenge by the …
Role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in pancreatic cancer
Authors: J. B Greer, D. C Whitcomb
Journal: Gut (2006)

Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor genes breast cancer antigen gene (BRCA)1 and BRCA2 have been proven to portend a drastically increased lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancers in the individuals who carry them. A number of studies have shown that the third most common cancer associated with these mutations is pancreatic cancer. BRCA1/2 mutations are characterised by "allelic" or "phenotypic" heterogeneity, in that they demonstrate differing cancer expressivity between and within pedigrees that segregate their mutations. If the same mutation is present in all our cells, why do some families with a given mutation display predominantly breast cancer? Why do other lineages show a preponderance of ovarian cancer? And why would some families have members who develop mostly or exclusively pancreatic cancer--a cancer that occurs more commonly in men and that lacks consistent evidence for a hormonal basis to its aetiology--which is clearly the case for breast and ovarian cancer? The answer is that other modifying genetic and environmental factors must interact to preferentially incite carcinogenesis in one organ over another. We are just beginning to elucidate what these factors are.
Enhanced splicing correction effect by an oligo-aspartic acid–PNA conjugate and cationic carrier complexes
Authors: Yun Mi Bae, Myung Hee Kim, Gwang Sig Yu, Bong Ho Um, Hee Kyung Park, Hyun-il Lee, Kang Taek Lee, Yung Doug Suh, Joon Sig Choi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)