tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery of Early Breast Cancer: Efficacy and Safety in Excisionless Study.
Authors: H. Furusawa, Y. Yasuda, J. Shidooka, H. Nakahara, E. Hirabara, M. Inomata, E. Machida, Y. Maeda, K. Komaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The prognosis of the breast cancer patient doesn't depend on the local treatment, but on the systemic treatment. Breast conserving therapy, lumpectomy following radiotherapy, has been proved to be as good as mastectomy in several clinical trials. When focused ultrasound waves propagate in tissue, the energy is absorbed and converted to heat, resulting in tissue coagulation. MRI is the best modality in spatial resolution for the detection of breast cancer spread. Two phase II clinical studies (excision studies) to investigate pathological efficacy and clinical safety of MR guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) were conducted and their outcome has been published.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to inspect the efficacy and safety of MRgFUS as a local treatment for early breast cancer followed by radiotherapy in a phase III study.Methods: The inclusion criteria include 1) tumor diagnosis by core needle biopsy under ultrasound 2) HER-2,HR status confirmation 3) tumor size is less than 15mm in diameter, 4) well demarcated mass in contrast enhanced MRI. The exclusion criteria include 1) pure type mucinous carcinoma, 2) invasive micropapillary carcinoma, 3)skin dimple or dimpling sign, previous surgical scar of the skin above the tumor, 4) location of the tumor requires a high sonication angle. Core needle biopsy was performed again within three weeks after ablation and no residual viable cancer cells were identified by HE stain and single strand DNA immunohistochemical stein. The following radiotherapy is whole breast(50Gy) and boost(10Gy). Results: Fifty patients entered this study and forty-one lesions were completely treated from April 2005 to June 2009. The median age was 57 years old (37 - 72). The average tumor size was 11.0mm (6 - 15). The median follow up period was 29 months (1 - 48). Thirty five cases were followed up for more than 12 months. There were no severe adverse events and no local recurrence cases.Conclusions: Although the number of cases is still small and the follow-up period is short, MRgFUS has the potential of replacing usual breast conserving surgery. Strict selection of cases is essential. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4126.
Cyclosporine impairs release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors in epicardial and resistance coronary arteries.
Authors: K Sudhir, J S MacGregor, T DeMarco, C J De Groot, R N Taylor, T M Chou, P G Yock, K Chatterjee
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Cyclosporin A is reported to impair endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation and induce endothelin release in some noncoronary vascular beds. We wished to determine whether acute cyclosporine administration induces endothelial dysfunction in coronary conductance or resistance arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effect of intracoronary acetylcholine, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-arginine, nitroglycerin, and adenosine before and after acute cyclosporine administration (3 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes) in anesthetized dogs. Flow velocity was measured with a 0.014-in Doppler wire to assess resistance vessel responses, and epicardial coronary lumen area was simultaneously measured with a 4.3F, 30-MHz imaging catheter inserted over the Doppler wire. In 6 dogs, acetylcholine-induced increase in flow velocity was attenuated by cyclosporine in vehicle (137% to 55% at 10(-5) mol/L, P &lt; .001), as was acetylcholine-induced epicardial vasodilation (14.1% to 6.7% at 10(-5) mol/L, P &lt; .001). Vasodilation in response to intracoronary nitroglycerin (200 micrograms) and adenosine (6 mg) were unchanged by cyclosporine. Epicardial vasoconstriction with L-NAME (10(-4) mol/L) was reduced by cyclosporine (Pre, 7.4 +/- 0.9%; Post, 2.6 +/- 1.2%; P = .04), but L-arginine (10(-4) mol/L) had no effect after cyclosporine. In another 5 dogs, pure cyclosporine impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation to the same degree as cyclosporine in vehicle (Cremophor); vehicle infusion did not impair endothelial function. In 5 more dogs, cyclosporine did not increase either arterial or coronary sinus concentrations of endothelin-1. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that cyclosporine acutely impairs release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in canine conductance and resistance coronary arteries and provides evidence for decreased epicardial nitric oxide release after cyclosporine. The potential contribution of acute cyclosporine-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction to posttransplant vasculopathy needs further study.
O55 SUCCESSFUL RETREATMENT WITH SOFOSBUVIR OF HCV GENOTYPE-1 INFECTED PATIENTS WHO FAILED PRIOR THERAPY WITH PEGINTERFERON + RIBAVIRIN PLUS 1 OR 2 ADDITIONAL DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
Authors: S. Pol, M. Sulkowski, T. Hassanein, E. Gane, N. Liyun, H. Ho, B. Kanwar, D. Brainard, M. Subramanian, W.T. Symonds, J.G. McHutchison, M. Bennett, I.M. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitation by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: T Masuyama, K Kodama, A Kitabatake, S Nanto, H Sato, M Uematsu, M Inoue, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to examine the aortic regurgitant flow velocity pattern in 32 patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and 10 patients without AR. The aortic regurgitant flow velocity patterns, characterized by a rapid rise in flow velocity immediately after closure of the aortic valve, high peak flow velocity, and a gradual deceleration until the next aortic valve opening, were successfully obtained in 30 of the 32 patients with AR (sensitivity 94%, specificity 100%). The velocity decline was greater in patients with severe AR; thus, the slope of the velocity decline (deceleration) and the time to decline to half the peak velocity (half-time index) were measured from the flow velocity pattern. The deceleration became greater and the half-time index shortened in accordance with angiographic grading of AR (p less than .01). The deceleration and the half-time index also correlated well with the aortic regurgitant fraction (r = .79, p less than .01; r = -.89, p less than .01). Because the half-time index could be measured easily and independently of Doppler incident angle, it seemed a simple and accurate index of assessing the severity of AR. Thus continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography permitted the noninvasive evaluation of AR.
Prenatal Screening for Down's syndrome: Authors' reply
Authors: T. Sheldon, J. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Costs and benefits of two policies for screeningfor Down's syndrome, based on 12 000 pregnancies Age related screening Triple test Difference between policies No of babies with Down's syndrome: Expected 12 60 12 60 Avoided 1-83 4 15 2-32 No of abortions of normal fetuses 3 76 1 20 -2-56 No of mothers introduced to idea of abnormality 1 254 12 000 10 746 Total cost (£) 78
Traf2- and Nck-Interacting Kinase Is Essential for Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Growth
Authors: Miki Shitashige, Reiko Satow, Takafumi Jigami, Kazunori Aoki, Kazufumi Honda, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Masaya Ono, Setsuo Hirohashi, Tesshi Yamada
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

T-cell factor-4 (TCF4) is a transcription factor essential for maintaining the undifferentiated status and self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. It has therefore been considered that constitutive activation of TCF4 by aberrant Wnt signaling is a major force driving colorectal carcinogenesis. We previously identified Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) as one of the proteins that interact with TCF4 in colorectal cancer cells, but its functional significance has not been elucidated. Here, we report that TNIK is an activating kinase for TCF4 and essential for colorectal cancer growth. TNIK, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, phosphorylated the conserved serine 154 residue of TCF4. Small interfering RNA targeting TNIK inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and the growth of tumors produced by injecting colorectal cancer cells s.c. into immunodeficient mice. The growth inhibition was abolished by restoring the catalytic domain of TNIK, thus confirming that its enzyme activity is essential for the maintenance of colorectal cancer growth. Several ATP-competing kinase inhibitors have been applied to cancer treatment and have shown significant activity. Our findings suggest TNIK as a feasible target for pharmacologic intervention to ablate aberrant Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer.
Review: Evidence for the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy or prophylaxis for VTE in cancer is limited
Authors: Philip S. Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Falanga A, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:5490-5505. 17968019
INDICATIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: F. M. POTTENGER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a specialty of medicine in which the success of treatment has made such rapid strides as in tuberculosis during the past quarter of a century, the prognosis, in the face of any complication, is subject to change from time to time.  Twenty-five years ago the coexistence of tuberculosis and pregnancy was considered so disastrous that a pregnant tuberculous woman was almost invariably advised to have the pregnancy terminated. The prognosis in tuberculosis today has become vastly more favorable; likewise the care given to the pregnant woman has changed immeasurably in her favor. So this question should be examined anew and the prognosis based on the facts possessed at this time. It is important to know to what extent, if any, the danger to a woman's life has been reduced by the modern methods of dealing with the complication of tuberculosis and pregnancy.  In order to determine this an endeavor
Abstract 3436: Suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by a wound-healing gene, Grainyhead-like-2
Authors: Benjamin Cieply, Philip A. Riley, Alexey Ivanov, Phillip M. Pifer, Joseph B. Addison, Joseph Widmeyer, James Denvir, Steven M. Frisch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Grainyhead genes are involved in wound healing and developmental neural tube closure. In light of the high degree of similarity between the epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) occurring in wound healing processes and the cancer stem cell-like compartment of tumors, including TGF-β-dependence, we investigated the role of a Grainyhead gene (GRHL2) in oncogenic EMT. Grainyhead was specifically down-regulated in the claudin-low subclass of mammary tumors and in the basal-B subclass of breast cancer cell lines. Functionally, GRHL2 suppressed TGF-β-induced, Twist-induced or spontaneous EMT, enhanced anoikis-sensitivity, and suppressed mammosphere generation in mammary epithelial cells. These effects were mediated in part by its suppression of ZEB1 expression, by direct repression of the ZEB1 promoter. GRHL2 also inhibited Smad-mediated transcription, and up-regulated mir200b/c as well as the TGF-β receptor antagonist, BMP2. The expression of GRHL2 in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 triggered a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and sensitized the cells to anoikis. These results indicate that GRHL2 is a suppressor of the oncogenic EMT, and provide a novel molecular focus for the wound-healing/oncogenic EMT relationship. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3436. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3436
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture with Intrathoracic Liver Herniation
Authors: Stephen H McKellar, L Ray Matthews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 24-year-old male seat-belted driver involved in a high-speed motor vehicle crash was taken to the operating room for repair of a partial aortic transection. After resolution of the right hemopneumothorax, an elevated right hemidiaphragm was seen on a chest radiograph.
Fitness for older people
Authors: W D F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - As Archie Young and Susie Dinan state, the improvements of older people's aerobic capacity, endurance, strength, and flexibility with regular exercise are similar in percentage terms to those seen in younger people.1 These improvements have clear advantages, allowing a more active lifestyle, and if exercise is continued they should help the person to maintain his or her independence and delay the approach of critical functional thresholds that herald immobility.

Perhaps less well recognised are some of the …
Bcl3 prevents acute inflammatory lung injury in mice by restraining emergency granulopoiesis
Authors: Daniel Kreisel, Seiichiro Sugimoto, Jeremy Tietjens, Jihong Zhu, Sumiharu Yamamoto, Alexander S. Krupnick, Ruaidhri J. Carmody, Andrew E. Gelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Granulocytes are pivotal regulators of tissue injury. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate granulopoiesis under inflammatory conditions are poorly understood. Here we show that the transcriptional coregulator B cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) limits granulopoiesis under emergency (i.e., inflammatory) conditions, but not homeostatic conditions. Treatment of mouse myeloid progenitors with G-CSF--serum concentrations of which rise under inflammatory conditions--rapidly increased Bcl3 transcript accumulation in a STAT3-dependent manner. Bcl3-deficient myeloid progenitors demonstrated an enhanced capacity to proliferate and differentiate into granulocytes following G-CSF stimulation, whereas the accumulation of Bcl3 protein attenuated granulopoiesis in an NF-κB p50-dependent manner. In a clinically relevant model of transplant-mediated lung ischemia reperfusion injury, expression of Bcl3 in recipients inhibited emergency granulopoiesis and limited acute graft damage. These data demonstrate a critical role for Bcl3 in regulating emergency granulopoiesis and suggest that targeting the differentiation of myeloid progenitors may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing inflammatory lung injury.
Socioeconomic determinants of health : Health and social cohesion: why care about income inequality?
Authors: I. Kawachi, B. P Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Throughout the world, wealth and income are becoming more concentrated. Growing evidence suggests that the distribution of income–in addition to the absolute standard of living enjoyed by the poor–is a key determinant of population health. A large gap between rich people and poor people leads to higher mortality through the breakdown of social cohesion. The recent surge in income inequality in many countries has been accompanied by a marked increase in the residential concentration of poverty and affluence. Residential segregation diminishes the opportunities for social cohesion. Income inequality has spillover effects on society at large, including increased rates of crime and violence, impeded productivity and economic growth, and the impaired functioning of representative democracy. The extent of inequality in society is often a consequence of explicit policies and public choice. Reducing income inequality offers the prospect of greater social cohesiveness and better population health.
Therapy for Septic Arthritis
Authors: George Ho
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The usefulness of the results of serial cultures of synovial fluid in assessing the response to medical therapy of acute bacterial joint infections was examined. A five-year retrospective survey disclosed 32 synovial fluid culture-proved cases of septic arthritis in adults. Thirteen of the patients had well-documented evidence of (1) duration of articular symptoms (presumably reflecting the presence of infection) and (2) subsequent time required to sterilize the synovial fluids (as determined by serial synovial fluid cultures). We found a positive correlation between duration of symptoms and length of time during which serial cultures of synovial fluids remained positive after initiation of treatment. In the seven patients with good outcome, cultures remained positive for 2.4+/-1.9 days, as opposed to 8.2+/-2.4 days in the six patients with poor results. The time required to sterilize the synovial fluid appears to be a reliable indicator of response to therapy and an accurate predictor of outcome. Our data show that the rapidity in achieving synovial fluid sterility is of paramount importance in the successful treatment of infection, preservation of articular integrity, and restoration of joint function.
Rational Design of Micro-RNA-like Bifunctional siRNAs Targeting HIV and the HIV Coreceptor CCR5
Authors: Ali Ehsani, Pål Saetrom, Jane Zhang, Jessica Alluin, Haitang Li, Ola Snøve Jr, Lars Aagaard, John J Rossi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are distinguished by their modes of action. SiRNAs serve as guides for sequence-specific cleavage of complementary mRNAs and the targets can be in coding or noncoding regions of the target transcripts. MiRNAs inhibit translation via partially complementary base-pairing to 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and are generally ineffective when targeting coding regions of a transcript. In this study, we deliberately designed siRNAs that simultaneously direct cleavage and translational suppression of HIV RNAs, or cleavage of the mRNA encoding the HIV coreceptor CCR5 and suppression of translation of HIV. These bifunctional siRNAs trigger inhibition of HIV infection and replication in cell culture. The design principles have wide applications throughout the genome, as about 90% of genes harbor sites that make the design of bifunctional siRNAs possible. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are distinguished by their modes of action. SiRNAs serve as guides for sequence-specific cleavage of complementary mRNAs and the targets can be in coding or noncoding regions of the target transcripts. MiRNAs inhibit translation via partially complementary base-pairing to 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and are generally ineffective when targeting coding regions of a transcript. In this study, we deliberately designed siRNAs that simultaneously direct cleavage and translational suppression of HIV RNAs, or cleavage of the mRNA encoding the HIV coreceptor CCR5 and suppression of translation of HIV. These bifunctional siRNAs trigger inhibition of HIV infection and replication in cell culture. The design principles have wide applications throughout the genome, as about 90% of genes harbor sites that make the design of bifunctional siRNAs possible.
Treatment of Vein Graft Stenosis by Balloon Catheter Dilation
Authors: Jeffrey R. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Percutaneous balloon catheter dilation was used to treate 12 high-grade stenoses in ten autogenous vein bypass grafts since September 1978. Four lesions occurred in femoropopliteal grafts, seven in femorotibal grafts, seven in femorotibial grafts, and one in an axillofemoral graft. Balloon catheter dilation was successful and surgery avoided in 11 of the 12 lesions. Pedal pulses were restored in eight of the ten patients, and the pulse in a femorotibial bypass graft was improved in another. Postdilation arteriography demonstrated a substantial increase in luminal diameter, and ankle pressure indexes were improved in all successful cases. The tenth had an operative correction of the stenosis. There were no complications with the procedure. Percutaneous balloon catheter dilation appears to be an effective method of treating stenosis in autogenous vein grafts and a useful alternative to surgical revision.
Lich-Gregoir Reimplantation Causes Less Discomfort than Politano-Leadbetter Technique: Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Pain Scale-Oriented Study in a Pediatric Population
Authors: C. Schwentner, J. Oswald, A. Lunacek, M. Deibl, I. Koerner, G. Bartsch, Christian Radmayr
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Khalid Tariq Al Naib
Authors: Saad Shakir
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Khalid Tariq Al Naib, who was an assistant professor of medical microbiology and vice dean for scientific affairs at the Al Nahrain Medical School in Baghdad, was murdered on 30 March 2007, most likely for sectarian reasons, during the wave of lawlessness and chaos which has engulfed Iraq. He was kidnapped in the front of the gate of the medical school where he worked on the day of his return from a sabbatical in Australia. His body was later found in a street with bullets in his head and marks indicating that he had been beaten brutally.

Khalid was a medical microbiologist and immunologist. His BSc in microbiology in 1987 and his MSc were obtained at the University of Kuwait. His PhD in 2000 from the Al Nahrain Medical School was on the effects intravesical instillation of BCG vaccine on the recurrence of schistosomal and non-schistosomal tumours.

During his academic …
Increased Zidovudine Prescribing Associated With Lamivudine Availability
Authors: Julio S. G. Montaner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We previously described a significant decrease in zidovudine use in British Columbia following the announcement of the Concorde Trial during the first quarter of 1993.<sup>1</sup>We conducted the present analysis to assess recent rates of prescribing zidovudine in the province. The distribution of antiretroviral drugs in British Columbia is free of charge through the provincial Centre for Excellence in HIV/ AIDS [human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Treatment Program.<sup>1</sup>For physicians to prescribe zidovudine, they must complete a patient enrollment form that serves as the drug prescription. This application is accompanied by a CD4 cell count determination. Individuals infected with HIV are eligible to receive zidovudine from this program if they have at least one CD4 cell count less than 0.50×10<sup>9</sup>/L (500/μL). There is no other legal source of zidovudine in the province. Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) first became available through an open-label expanded-access program
Congress on Medical Neutrality in War, Nov 12
Authors: Charles Richet
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am writing to acquaint our American colleagues with the Second International Congress on Medical Neutrality in Time of War, to be held Nov 12-14, 1964, at the Pasteur Institute, Paris. The aim is to evolve a practical means for all medical units (of neutral as well as belligerent countries) to be protected so their humanitarian work can be carried out effectively, regardless of which belligerent is in possession of a territory. Whatever the number of casualties in a new world war, it is certain that military and civilian health services on both sides will be overburdened. If health agencies wish to provide care of proper magnitude they will have to seek the help of additional physicians. Use of medical personnel from non-belligerent countries is not only accepted, but recommended, by the Geneva International Conventions. Switzerland admitted both French and German prisoners with tuberculosis in the First