tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of functional abdominal pain by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: Authors' reply
Authors: G. Kendall, K. Sylvester, J E Lennard-Jones, S. Day
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Private equity investors provide a significant amount of funding, are actively involved in the company, and help earn high returns by taking risks. India has been open to private equity investment since 1998. During the financial crisis era, when many companies shifted their focus toward private equity financing, many investments were made in India during the period 2007–2008. This article studies the earnings quality of private equity-backed firms and non-private equity-backed firms. Measures of earnings are taken as a persistence effect of accruals and cash flows, the dataset has been arranged in a panel data form for a time period of 10 years, and the Heckman [1979] correction procedure has been used to control endogeneity and sample selection bias. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, emerging, performance measurement
Photopolymerized thermosensitive hydrogels for tailorable diffusion-controlled protein delivery
Authors: R. Censi, T. Vermonden, M.J. van Steenbergen, H. Deschout, K. Braeckmans, S.C. De Smedt, C.F. van Nostrum, P. di Martino, W.E. Hennink
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Reply to Silva et al.
Authors: P. V. Sriram, G. V. Rao, D. Nageshwar Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Silva et al. reported their experience with the use of hemoclips for anchoring the esophageal endoprosthesis. We earlier proposed the use of hemoclips for this purpose in a case of bronchogenic carcinoma with esophagobronchial fistula where there was no compromise of the esophageal lumen [1]. The communication of Silva et al. further augments our argument that clipping provides adequate anchorage for endoprostheses in situations where the risk of migration is high, as described. Their study confirms that the clips provide an initial anchorage to keep the prosthesis in place while the metal wires of the uncovered proximal and distal segments of the stents gradually become embedded within the adjacent tissue. Furthermore, the clips seem to stay in place for a sufficient length of time even where there is no luminal narrowing that would provide prolonged anchorage. The key factor in determining the anchorage is that an adequate amount of the adjacent healthy tissue should be grasped, along with one of the wires of the metal mesh at the proximal end of the stent. It is indeed our policy to deploy one or two clips for anchoring the metal stents ‘prophylactically’ whenever the luminal narrowing appears inadequate for holding the stent in place.
Income needed to achieve a minimum standard of living
Authors: E. Dowler
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The standards will now not be reached by households on low incomes in the UK

As the new coalition government in the United Kingdom calls for ideas on cutting public expenditure, the Joseph Rowntree Foundation has published the latest annual update of its “minimum income standards” (MIS). These standards provide a measure of how much various types of households need to earn to reach what members of the public think is a minimum acceptable standard of living.1

The data enable a relatively objective view of what society thinks is essential for a decent standard of living and what it costs to achieve such a standard, taking tax and benefit changes into account. The report gives details of MIS and their components for different family household types—single adult or couple, with or without dependent children, and pensioners—and it enables households to calculate their own MIS, by adjusting for their own circumstances.2

The results are surprising and sobering. For example, in contrast to official inflation over the past decade of 23%, minimum budget costs have risen by 38% over that period, largely because of increased costs of food (37%), bus fares (59%), and council tax (67%). This demonstrates the often cited reality that price inflation …
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE HUMAN SYSTEM.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>THE RELATION OF ALCOHOL TO LIVING PROTOPLASM.</h3><h3>(a) The Source of Alcohol.</h3> —Ethyl alcohol is one of the normal products of metabolism of the yeast plant. Most species of white mold form alcohol under abnormal conditions. The conditions which lead to a formation of alcohol by the white mold, lead also to a marked increase in the formation of alcohol by yeast. The yeast plant is a fungus and in common with other fungi reproduces by means of spores. The yeast plant possesses another method of reproduction, gemmation or budding. This method is used when all conditions are favorable to vegetative growth. The fungi belong to the lowest sub-kingdom of plants, and are distinguished morphologically by absence of root, stem and leaf; and physiologically by the absence of chlorophyl—the green coloring matter of leaves and stems. According to the plan of nature, only those organisms which possess chlorophyl are able
Abstract PL6-2: Antibody-initiated cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Louis M. Weiner, Yong Tang, Shangzi Wang, Rishi Surana, Wei Xu, Yu Zhou, James D. Marks, Erica Golemis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously described the critical structural determinants of anti-tumor antibodies that promote in vivo tumor targeting and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We now describe treatment strategies in murine models that 1) improve in vitro and in vivo ADCC, 2) dissect the relative contributions of tumor signaling perturbation and ADCC for in vivo therapeutic efficacy, and 3) identify therapy conditions that promote the induction of host-protective adaptive immunity. We also have identified tumor-intrinsic factors that sensitize tumor cells to EGFR-directed antibody therapy, using a siRNA library focused on genes functionally linked to the EGFR signaling pathway. We predict that these findings will be important for the improved efficacy of EGFR family-directed antibody therapies. Supported by CA50633, CA121033. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):PL6-2
In vivo quantitative ultrasonic evaluation of myocardial fibrosis in humans.
Authors: E Picano, G Pelosi, M Marzilli, F Lattanzi, A Benassi, L Landini, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The aim of this study was to assess in vivo whether the regional ultrasonic reflectivity, evaluated by a real-time integrated backscatter analysis, was related to the local content of connective tissue in human myocardium as estimated by quantitative histology of endomyocardial biopsies. Sixteen patients with presumptive diagnosis of cardiomyopathy were ultrasonically studied by means of an M-mode-based echocardiographic system with quantitative integrated backscatter analysis capabilities. A 2.25-MHz transducer was used. The integrated value of the rectified radiofrequency signal of the interventricular septum was taken as integrated backscatter index and expressed in percent normalized for the pericardial interface (assumed to be 100%). All patients also underwent multiple left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies, which were stained with Masson's trichrome and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. The percent integrated backscatter index was significantly higher in the presence of connective tissue area greater than 20% (eight patients) versus less than 20% (eight patients): 51 +/- 25% versus 26 +/- 11%, p less than 0.05. A significant correlation (p less than 0.05, R = 0.55) was found between percent integrated backscatter index and percent connective tissue area. In vivo on-line quantitative ultrasound analysis is feasible in man and reliably identifies variations in the regional extent of fibrosis in human myocardium.
Disulfide Bonds and the Quaternary Structure of Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Richard B. Counts, Stefan L. Paskell, Susan K. Elgee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Human Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor, purified by calcium citrate-cellulose chromatography and 4% agarose gel filtration was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis on gels containing 2% acrylamide and 0.5% agarose. We find a series of multimers of which the apparent molecular weight of the higher members was ≅5 million. The higher multimers were isolated by 2% agarose gel filtration. Treatment of the high molecular weight multimers with 2-mercaptoethanol at concentrations of 0.005-0.5% in the presence of 1% dodecyl sulfate resulted in a shift to lower molecular weight multimers. Between mercaptoethanol concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5%, the predominant species was the dimer of the basic subunit. Mercaptoethanol concentrations >0.5% were required to reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of the dimer. An artificial multimeric series was prepared by cross-linking von Willebrand factor subunits with dimethylsuberimidate. Comparison of the multimers produced by reduction with the multimers produced by cross-linking, demonstrated the absence of odd-numbered multimers from the reduced series. Thus, the protomeric unit appears to be the dimer. High molecular weight multimers had both ristocetin cofactor activity and Factor VIII procoagulant activity. Reduction of the protein in the absence of denaturing agents, caused a gradual shift to lower molecular weight species and a concomitant loss of von Willebrand factor activity. In contrast, Factor VIII activity was unchanged by reduction. These studies suggest that the moieties having von Willebrand factor activity and those having Factor VIII activities are covalently linked by disulfide bonds.
The Duty to 'Attend Upon the Sick'
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The American Medical Association's (AMA) Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs has stated, "[A] physician may not ethically refuse to treat a patient whose condition is within the physician's current realm of competence solely because the patient is seropositive [for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]."<sup>2</sup>This position articulates the medical profession's long-established tradition of treating those in need without regard to the risks that treatment may present to the physician. The statement is also grounded in the fact that while the AMA'S Principles of Medical Ethics recognize that physicians have freedom to choose whom to serve, the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs has never interpreted this principle to endorse "illegal or invidious discrimination. "<sup>2</sup>Any discrimination that emanates from members of the medical profession is particularly objectionable because of medicine's professed commitment to moral ideals. Indeed, that physicians regard themselves as professionals testifies to their pursuit of ethical objectives.
The Effects of Orchiectomy on Primary and Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: N. Treves, J. C. Abels, H. Q. Woodard, J. H. Farrow
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1978)

For over two score years there has been an increasing interest in the effects of oophorectomy on mammary carcinoma, both primary and metastatic.For more than half of that period the medical liter ature on radiation therapy has seen a sub stantial increase in the bibliography on radiation castration for metastatic breast cancer, more especially as regards the ef fects of such a procedure on the secondary deposits in bone.The encouraging regres sions of the skeletal metastases from mammary carcinoma following castration in women, still menstruating, have sug gested the possibility that orchiectomy might retard or even cause regression of mammary cancer in the maleâ€"both in the primary and metastatic lesions.The
Lack of accurate information on the prevalence of Lyme disease in the UK
Authors: R. Evans, S. Mavin, S. Holden, A. Munro, G. Gunn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The recent article on tick bite prevention and tick removal states in its advice to patients: “If bitten in a Lyme disease endemic area, consult your GP to discuss antibiotic prophylaxis.”1 Accurate data on incidence and prevalence are not available for most of the UK, so we do not know where the endemic areas are. Therefore, …
Why does the Operation for the Cure of Strabismus Sometimes Fail?
Authors: C. Holthouse
Journal: BMJ (1858)

left eye, and the lids were almost closed.When he came to himself, be complained of darting pain across the forehead; the pulse w as 100f, small and feeble; lie perspired freely.Cold w as applied to the head; two grains of calomel were ordered every four hours; and a purgative enema was given.Next dat, there uerec no fresh symptoms.-le Jwas observed to have nearly lost the power of hearing on the injured side.The pulse varied between 80 acd 9J.On June 17th, the pulse was still further reduced (to 58).He complained of shooting pains across the forehead.He spat up a small quantity of ulcuis mixed with blood, both this day and the preceding.This morning, a small quantity of blood and serum again oozed from the left ear.He went on after this very well, and had no bad symptomns.He still complained, however, of much pain on that side of the head; and was so giddy on trying to move, that he was obliged to keep in the recumbent position for a fort- nig-ht.On June 80th, he was able to quit his bed; and was discharged cured on July 8th.He still, however, continued deaf in the injured ear, being quite unable to hear a watch when held in the air close to his ear; but, when the watch was laid against the mastoid process, lie could hear it plainly.
The Central Role of Prognosis in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Thomas M. Gill
Journal: JAMA (2012)

In clinical practice and training, estimating prognosis-the probability of an individual developing a particular outcome over a specific period of time, typically receives less attention than diagnosing and treating disease.Yet, many clinical decisions are not fully informed unless the patient's prognosis is considered.Because of competing chronic conditions and diminished life expectency, careful consideration of prognosis is particularly important for clinical decision making in older patients.In a systematic review in this issue of JAMA, Yourman and colleagues evaluate 16 validated, non-disease specific indices that predict mortality for older persons (1).The authors rigorously assess each index for generalizability, accuracy and potential bias.They conclude that none of the indices is ready for widespread use in clinical practice.Even if one or more of these prognostic indices had passed or exceeded the specified quality benchmarks (2-4), their clinical utility would be uncertain.
Peak Bone Mineral Density in Young Women
Authors: Robert R. Recker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Lloyd et al<sup>1</sup>showed that increasing daily calcium intakes from 80% of the recommended daily allowance to 110% via supplementation with calcium citrate malate resulted in significant increases in total body and spinal bone density in adolescent girls. This is an important addition to the growing body of evidence showing that greater peak skeletal mass can be achieved by consciously increasing calcium intakes above those usually chosen by females during growth and development. Lloyd et al cite our article,<sup>2</sup>"Bone Gain in Young Adult Women," but misrepresent our work by
Points: McIlroy was here. Or was he?
Authors: C E Dick, J R Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A N Bamji (14 April, p 973) with great interest.We were medical students resident in separate Dublin hospitals in 1966.At this time McIlroy appeared at the casualty department of the Royal City of Dublin Hospital complaining of chest pain.One of us (JRN) was connecting him to an ECG machine which required to be earthed.Unfortunately, this was not done and the patient obviously experienced an electric shock.He leapt from the trolley and, putting his finger over his tracheostomy, confirmed in no uncertain terms that this was the case.He took his own discharge.Later that evening this somewhat ruffled student called at the Adelaide Hospital three kilometres or so away.There CED was found to be examining McIlroy, still complain- ing of chest pain but not referring to his recent experience.When he saw JRN he had the grace to look a little embarrassed.The ECG machine in the Adelaide Hospital evidently caused the patient no further upset-and the tracing showed no abnormality.Nevertheless, he spent a comfortable night in hospital and subsequently took his own discharge.There is no doubt in our minds that this man was McIlroy....
Platelet Inhibition Reduces Cyclic Flow Variations and Neointimal Proliferation in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic-Atherosclerotic Canine Coronary Arteries
Authors: H. Vernon Anderson, Janice McNatt, Fred J. Clubb, Michael Herman, Jean-Pierre Maffrand, Fred DeClerck, Chul Ahn, L. Maximilian Buja, James T. Willerson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Platelet-derived growth factors help stimulate the neointimal proliferation of restenosis after coronary interventions. Reducing platelet accumulation at treated sites may attenuate restenosis. We tested this hypothesis by inducing repetitive platelet aggregation at coronary angioplasty sites in dogs and measuring subsequent neointima formation. Methods and Results Cholesterol-sensitive dogs (n=74) received either 4% cholesterol-enriched diets for &gt;8 months (n=29), creating visible atheromas, or normal canine diets (n=45). A coronary balloon angioplasty cyclic flow variation (CFV) model was used. One group of control dogs (group 1, n=8) had angioplasty with no arterial constriction applied and no drug treatment. Three other groups had arterial constrictors applied to provoke CFVs: group 2 (n=28) received no drug therapy, group 3 (n=18) received oral aspirin alone, and group 4 (n=20) received 3 oral antiplatelet agents: ridogrel, ketanserin, and clopidogrel (R+K+C) to simultaneously inhibit the thromboxane A 2 , serotonin, and ADP pathways of platelet aggregation, respectively. Bleeding times were moderately prolonged in the aspirin-treated group (124±9 seconds after 3 weeks versus 76±6 seconds at baseline, P &lt;0.01) and greatly prolonged on R+K+C (&gt;600 versus 104±5 seconds, P &lt;0.001). The frequency and severity of CFVs were inversely related to the degree of platelet inhibition and prolongation of bleeding times, as was sudden death due to acute thrombotic coronary occlusion. Quantitative histology at 8 weeks revealed increased intima-to-media ratio with CFVs: 0.89±0.14 in the untreated group 2 versus 0.11±0.04 in the control group ( P &lt;0.001). Intima-to-media ratio was significantly reduced with antiplatelet treatment (0.27±0.05 with aspirin treatment and 0.20±0.05 with R+K+C treatment, respectively, P &lt;0.001). Cholesterol feeding did not appear to influence results. Conclusions Repetitive platelet accumulation at coronary angioplasty sites caused enhanced neointimal proliferation by 8 weeks. Oral inhibitors of platelet aggregation attenuated platelet function, prolonged bleeding times, reduced or prevented cyclic flows and abrupt thrombotic occlusions, and thereby inhibited neointimal proliferation. Platelet inhibition should continue to receive attention in efforts to reduce restenosis after coronary interventions.
Association between Systemic Chemotherapy before Chemoradiation and Increased Risk of Treatment-Related Pneumonitis in Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shulian Wang, Zhongxing Liao, Xiong Wei, H Helen Liu, Susan L. Tucker, Chaosu Hu, Jaffer A. Ajani, Alexandria Phan, Stephen G. Swisher, Radhe Mohan, James D. Cox, Ritsuko Komaki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Body Weight, Weight Change, and Risk for Hypertension in Women
Authors: Zhiping Huang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Obesity increases the risk for hypertension, but the effects of modest long-term weight changes have not been precisely quantified.To investigate body mass index (BMI) and weight change in relation to risk for hypertension.Cohort study.General community.Cohort of 82,473 U.S. female nurses 30 to 55 years of age followed every 2 years since 1976. The follow-up rate was 95%.Primary risk factors examined were 1) BMI at age 18 years and midlife and 2) long-term and medium-term weight changes. The outcome was incident cases of hypertension.By 1992, 16,395 incident cases of hypertension had been diagnosed. After adjustment for multiple covariates, BMI at 18 years of age and midlife were positively associated with occurrence of hypertension (P for trend < 0.001). Long-term weight loss after 18 years of age was related to a significantly lower risk for hypertension, and weight gain dramatically increased the risk for hypertension (compared with weight change < or = 2 kg, multivariate relative risks were 0.85 for a loss of 5.0 to 9.9 kg, 0.74 for a loss > or = 10 kg, 1.74 for a gain of 5.0 to 9.9 kg, and 5.21 for a gain > or = 25.0 kg). Among women in the top tertile of baseline BMI at age 18 years, weight loss had a greater apparent benefit. The association between weight change and risk for hypertension was stronger in younger (< 45 years of age) than older women (> or = 55 years of age). Medium-term weight changes after 1976 showed similar relations to risk for hypertension.Excess weight and even modest adult weight gain substantially increase risk for hypertension. Weight loss reduces the risk for hypertension.
977-72 Irregular Atrial Tachycardias in the Canine Sterile Pericarditis Model: Epicardial Activation Pattern
Authors: Wolfgang Schoels, Kirsten D. Freigang, Alex Bauer, Laurence D. Sterns, Julia C. Senges, Johannes Brachmann, Wolfgang Kuebler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) in blister fluid of dermatological diseases
Authors: ULRICH DIERKSMEIER, PETER J. FROSCH, BEATE M. CZARNETZKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The occurrence of low molecular weight (less than 500 dalton) eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) was studied in the blister fluid of patients with various dermatological diseases by an in vitro chemotaxis method. After chromatographic separation of the test substance on a small Sephadex G 25 column, ECF was demonstrated in blisters of five patients with bullous pemphigoid, in three patients with systemic drug reactions and in one patient with blisters are contact with primula. ECF was not found in blisters of patients with epidermolysis bullosa and herpes gestationis or in DNCB-induced blisters. Fluid obtained from suction blisters was negative in normal controls and in unaffected skin of patients with atopic eczema, but contained ECF in eczematous areas. The demonstration of ECF in tissue fluid suggests that this factor plays a role in the local accumulation of eosinophils at sites of certain inflammatory reactions.