tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational allergy in laboratory workers caused by the African migratory grasshopper <i>Locusta migratoria</i>
Authors: A. L. Lopata, B. Fenemore, M. F. Jeebhay, G. Gäde, P. C. Potter
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Recent reports of fatal asthma cases associated with swarms of locusts affecting African countries have highlighted the importance of this insect in causing asthma morbidity and mortality. However, only limited information is available about the allergic health outcomes such as asthma and its determinants in exposed individuals. In this study, workers exposed to the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria were evaluated for allergic health outcomes as well as the nature of the offending allergens. Methods: Ten scientists and technicians exposed to locusts in a laboratory were investigated for locust‐related allergy using questionnaires and immunological tests. The presence of allergy was determined by quantification of specific IgE and IgG to L. migratoria using the UniCAP® system and via skin‐prick testing (SPT). The allergens were characterized by Western blot and ImmunoCAP inhibition assays. Results: Six of the 10 workers experienced symptoms ranging from urticaria and rhinoconjuctivitis to asthma. Seven individuals demonstrated sensitivity on SPT and five had specific IgE antibodies to L. migratoria . Significant cross‐reactivity was demonstrated for allergens in the locust faeces, body and wings but not to cockroach allergens. Novel allergens with molecular weights of approximately 70 kDa were identified in locust wings, which are distinctly different from other known allergen sources from locusts. Conclusion: Exposure to L. migratoria allergens is a potential sensitizer in exposed individuals. Raised levels of locust‐specific IgE can be readily quantified. The wings of this insect species have been identified as a novel allergen source.
Artery Tertiary Lymphoid Organs Contribute to Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Advanced Mouse Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sarajo Kumar Mohanta, Changjun Yin, Li Peng, Prasad Srikakulapu, Vineela Bontha, Desheng Hu, Falk Weih, Christian Weber, Norbert Gerdes, Andreas J.R. Habenicht
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Tertiary lymphoid organs emerge in tissues in response to nonresolving inflammation. Recent research characterized artery tertiary lymphoid organs in the aorta adventitia of aged apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The atherosclerosis-associated lymphocyte aggregates are organized into distinct compartments, including separate T-cell areas harboring conventional, monocyte-derived, lymphoid, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as well as activated T-cell effectors and memory cells; B-cell follicles containing follicular dendritic cells in activated germinal centers; and peripheral niches of plasma cells. Artery tertiary lymphoid organs show marked neoangiogenesis, aberrant lymphangiogenesis, and extensive induction of high endothelial venules. Moreover, newly formed lymph node-like conduits connect the external lamina with high endothelial venules in T-cell areas and also extend into germinal centers. Mouse artery tertiary lymphoid organs recruit large numbers of naïve T cells and harbor lymphocyte subsets with opposing activities, including CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector and memory T cells, natural and induced CD4(+) regulatory T cells, and memory B cells at different stages of differentiation. These data suggest that artery tertiary lymphoid organs participate in primary immune responses and organize T- and B-cell autoimmune responses in advanced atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the novel concept that pro- and antiatherogenic immune responses toward unknown arterial wall-derived autoantigens may be organized by artery tertiary lymphoid organs and that disruption of the balance between pro- and antiatherogenic immune cell subsets may trigger clinically overt atherosclerosis.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: assessment of genotoxic effects on keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: B. Zeina, J. Greenman, D. Corry, W.M. Purcell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Work has shown that cutaneous microbial species associated with skin conditions of microbial aetiology are susceptible to killing by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) using visible light and methylene blue.To evaluate immediate and delayed genotoxicity of APDT on keratinocytes in vitro.A combination of methylene blue (100 microg mL(-1)) and visible light (42 mW cm(-2)), as used in studies of microbe and keratinocyte cytotoxicity, was employed to test a human keratinocyte cell line (H103) for genotoxic damage by comet assay.The comet assay was able to detect genotoxic damage in H2O2-treated keratinocytes (positive control). APDT did not cause either immediate or delayed genotoxic damage in keratinocytes following APDT of up to 180 min.APDT sufficient to reduce microbes by seven log cycles showed no detectable genotoxic effects on keratinocytes. APDT applied in vivo may represent a useful low-risk alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatment in dermatology.
Some Secondary Effects of Sympathectomy
Authors: George P. Whitelaw, Reginald H. Smithwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THROUGH the work of Bernard,1 , 2 Gaskell,3 , 4 Langley,5 6 7 8 Cannon,9 10 11 12 13 14 White,15 , 16 Smithwick,17 18 19 Kuntz20 and others, the diversified activities carried out by the autonomic nervous system have been greatly clarified. However, many aspects of these problems still challenge solution.If a portion of the autonomic nervous system is removed to modify a specific disease process, unrelated physiologic mechanisms will also be affected. The degree to which these other mechanisms may be affected often governs the selection of operative procedures. The results produced by interfering with mechanisms other than those for which the operation is performed might be designated as side-effects or secondary effects. . . .
Restaging Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Chiara Fuccio, Francesco Ceci, Paolo Castellucci, Elena Giulia Spinapolice, Raffaella Palumbo, Daniela D’Ambrosio, Antonio Bernardo, Eugenio Brunocilla, Riccardo Schiavina, Anna Margherita Maffione, Sotirios Chondrogiannis, Gaia Grassetto, Patrick M. Colletti, Domenico Rubello, Stefano Fanti, Giuseppe Trifirò
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Aim The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the restaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Patients and Methods Sixty-nine patients (median age = 62 years; range = 36–86 years) affected by clear cell RCC (TNM at staging: T1, 42 patients; T2, 13 patients; T3, 11 patients; T4, 3 patients; Fuhrman grade: G2, 47 patients; G3, 20 patients; G4, 2 patients) underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT to restage the disease after nephrectomy for clinical or radiological suspicion of metastases. Areas of abnormal uptake at PET/CT were classified, taking the liver uptake as reference, as follows: 1 = faint uptake, lower than liver; 2 = moderate uptake, equal to liver; and 3 = high uptake, higher than liver. Validation of 18F-FDG PET/CT results was established by (1) biopsy (23 patients) and (2) other imaging modalities (addressed BS; c.e.CT; MRI; 18F-fluoride PET/CT; subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT), and/or clinical and radiological follow-up of 12 months (46 patients). Results 18F-FDG PET/CT was positive in 42 patients and negative in 27 patients. Sixteen patients presented single lesions and 26 patients presented multiple localizations of the disease. On a patient basis, 40 patients resulted true positive, 2 patient false positive, 23 patients true negative, and 4 patients false negative. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 90%, 92%, 91%, 95%, and 85%, respectively. On a lesion basis, PET/CT detected 114 areas of abnormal uptake in 42 positive patients of which 112 resulted to be true positive. FDG uptake of the true positive lesions resulted to be high in 83 cases, moderate in 17 lesions, and finally faint in 12 lesions. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a good sensitivity in the restaging of clear cell RCC. Most of the lesions showed intense activity. According to our results, it seems that the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the restaging of RCC is feasible because the number of false-negative cases is limited.
STUDIES ON THE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF BACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS MILK
Authors: HARRY A. CHEPLIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

At birth, the meconium is sterile, as would naturally be anticipated, in view of the fact that the uterine cavity is normally sterile. The first manifestations of bacterial contamination of the meconium are discernible several hours postpartum. These early invaders are adventitious microbes, resembling in every respect those commonly encountered in the infant's environment, and probably gain entrance to the intestinal tract through the mouth and anus.  As soon as the digestive tube becomes permeated with milk, a marked change is recognizable in the intestinal flora. The heterogeneous aggregation of promiscuous micro-organisms gives way to a simplified flora dominated by Bacillus acidophilus . The stools of healthy infants are yellowish, slightly acid in reaction, nonputrefactive, and soft and pasty in their physical appearance. It is now a well known and widely accepted fact that lactose is the chemical constituent of the infant's diet directly responsible for the predominance of B. acidophilus
Small bowel volvulus in two siblings
Authors: J S Budd, P H Powley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Un cas mortel de volvulus intestinal chez un garcon de 4 ans 1/2, traite seulement medicalement. Le frere presente le meme syndrome a l'âge de 4 ans; les examens radiologiques ne montrent pas de volvulus mais les parents insistent pour une laparotomie, qui revele l'existence du volvulus. Le traitement chirurgical est efficace
STRICTURE OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS.
Authors: S. Harvey Lambert
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Mr. Editor: No. 16 of theJournal of the American Medical Associationcontains an interesting article on " Stricture of the Œsophagus," etc., that reminds me of the following case: One year ago Mrs. A. D. Peebles, of near Shelbyville, Ill., was taken with puerperal convulsions, and had three or four M.D.'S called. According to Mr. Peebles statement she was compelled to swallow pure, undiluted chloroform. In about three weeks after her confinement she had great difficulty in swallowing solid food, and in December last I was consulted and diagnosed stricture of the œsophagus, and selected gradual dilatation, but they (Mr. and Mrs. Peebles) objected. I explained to them the use of the bougie and the danger of her disease, but some of their friends (?) insisted on their consulting a physician in Decatur, which they did, and was treated for " spasm of stomach." I requested Mr. Peebles to write me, after
Serum adenosine deaminase enzyme and plasma platelet factor 4 activities in active pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV-seropositive subjects and cancer patients
Authors: Gülnur Tarhan, Feyzullah Gümüşlü, Neziha Yilmaz, Dilek Saka, İsmail Ceyhan, Salih Cesur
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
Research Ethics Boards: No Data on Quality of For-Profit or Non-Profit IRBs
Authors: Adil E Shamoo, Elizabeth Woeckner
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
Effects of 8-Wk α-Glucosidase Inhibition on Metabolic Control, C-Peptide Secretion, Hepatic Glucose Output, and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Poorly Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Christoph Schnack, Rudolf JF Prager, Johanna Winkler, Renate M Klauser, Barbara G Schneider, Guntram Schernthaner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Miglitol (BAYm 1099), an α-glucosidase inhibitor, reduces the postprandial increase of blood glucose and serum insulin levels in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, as shown in short-term studies. In this study, the effects of long-term miglitol treatment on metabolic control, C-peptide secretion, hepatic glucose output, and peripheral insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp) were tested in 15 type II diabetic patients (8 receiving insulin, 7 receiving oral hypoglycemic agents). For 8 wk they received either miglitol (300 mg/day) or placebo with a double-blind crossover design that had a 4-wk washout period between treatments. Miglitol therapy induced a reduction of postprandial blood glucose levels (miglitol compared with placebo; areas under the curve; P &amp;gt; .002), whereas fasting blood glucose levels were not influenced. Miglitol caused a slight reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin levels (mean ± SE miglitol and placebo 9.50 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.4%, respectively; P &amp;gt; .05), which was more pronounced in insulin-treated patients. Miglitol caused a reduction of postprandial C-peptide increase (P &amp;gt; .03). Hepatic glucose output (both in the basal state and during euglycemic clamp conditions) and peripheral insulin sensitivity were not influenced by miglitol therapy. Specific side effects were observed in 11 patients; in 6 patients only to a moderate degree.- Long-term miglitol treatment induces a persistent reduction of postprandial blood glucose increase. This effect is more pronounced in type II diabetic patients on insulin therapy, which can cause a moderate improvement of overall metabolic control.
Echocardiographic detection of tricuspid valve prolapse.
Authors: P N Chandraratna, J M Lopez, J J Fernandez, L S Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The echocardiographic findings in 12 patients with tricuspid valve prolapse are presented. Eight of these patients had associated mitral valve prolapse. Only one of the above patients had the characteristic physical signs of tricuspid incompetence. Two types of abnormality were noted on the echocardiogram of the tricuspid valve. In eight patients, the systolic segment of the tricuspid valve showed an initial horizontal motion followed by a posterior motion in midsystole. Four patients exhibited posterior motion of the tricuspid valve in early systole, which reached a maximum in midsystole, and this was followed by an anterior motion, thus producing a hammock-like configuration. We conclude that echocardiography is useful in the diagnosis of tricuspid valve prolapse. Since this condition may be associated with clinically significant tricuspid incompetence or bacterial endocarditis, its recognition is of clinical importance.
Saratoga Springs in 1902.
Authors: D. C. Moriarta
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In selecting a place for the next meeting of theAssociation, an effort should be made to find a place than can accommodate all possible delegates, friends and business people interested, and that too without crowding or making it necessary to engage accommodations two or three months in advance. Among the places that will extend an invitation to theAssociationfor its next annual meeting will be Saratoga Springs, N. Y. In extending this invitation Saratoga Springs can and will guarantee, practically unlimited, thoroughly first-class accommodations at prices which will suit every purse. Its summer hotels are the largest in the world, and any or all of them will be open to the accommodation of theAssociation. Two of its largest hotels will accommodate about three thousand guests, two others about two thousand, and four or five smaller ones from three hundred to five hundred each, and all of these,
Targeted disruption of the protein kinase C epsilon gene abolishes the infarct size reduction that follows ischaemic preconditioning of isolated buffer-perfused mouse hearts
Authors: A Saurin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms is associated with the cardioprotective effect of early ischaemic preconditioning (IP). PKC consists of at least 10 different isoforms, encoded by separate genes, which mediate distinct physiological functions. Although the PKC-ε isoform has been implicated in preconditioning, uncertainty remains. We investigated whether preconditioning still occurs in a mouse line lacking cardiac PKC-ε protein due to a targeted disruption within the pkc-ε allele. Methods: The isolated buffer-perfused hearts from knockout mice lacking PKC-ε (−/−) and sibling heterozygous mice (+/−), with a normal PKC-ε complement, were preconditioned by 4×4 min ischaemia/6 min reperfusion. Hearts then underwent 45 min of global ischaemia followed by 1.5 h of reperfusion. Results: In PKC-ε (+/−) hearts ischaemic preconditioning reduced infarction volume as a percentage of myocardial volume (24.3±4.5 vs. 41.3±4.7%, P<0.001). In contrast, in PKC-ε (−/−) hearts preconditioning failed to diminish infarction (36.4±2.9 vs. 38.8±4.5%). Surprisingly however, although preconditioning did not reduce infarct size, it did enhance contractile recovery in PKC-ε (−/−) mice (43.1±3.9 vs. 24.9±5.1%, P<0.05), similar to the level seen in PKC-ε (+/−) hearts (35.2±3.9 vs. 20.9±5.0%, P<0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that PKC-ε is essential for the reduction in infarction that follows early ischaemic preconditioning, but is not associated with the improvement in functional recovery.
Tuberculosis in the Last War
Authors: H. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>Abstract</h3> BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), belongs to the same family as SV40 and JC Virus and has recently been associated with both Sjögrens Syndrome and HIV associated Salivary Gland Disease. BKPyV was previously only known for causing the rejection of kidney transplants. As such, BKPyV infection of salivary gland cells implicates oral transmission of the virus. BKPyV replicates slowly in salivary gland cells, producing infectious virus after 72-96 hours. However, it remains unclear how this virus infects or replicates within salivary gland cells, blocking the development of therapeutic strategies to inhibit the virus. Thus, an intracellular, computational model using agent-based modeling was developed to model BKPyV replication within a salivary gland cell. In addition to viral proteins, we modeled host cell machinery that aids transcription, translation and replication of BKPyV. The model has separate cytosolic and nuclear compartments, and represents all large molecules such as proteins, RNAs, and DNA as individual computer “agents” that move and interact within the simulated salivary gland cell environment. An application of the Boids algorithm was implemented to simulate molecular binding and formation of BKPyV virions and BKPyV virus-like particles (VLPs). This approach enables the direct study of spatially complex processes such as BKPyV virus self-assembly, transcription, and translation. This model reinforces experimental results implicating the processes that result in the slow accumulation of viral proteins. It revealed that the slow BKPyV replication rate in salivary gland cells might be explained by capsid subunit accumulation rates. BKPyV particles may only form after large concentrations of capsid subunits have accumulated. In addition, salivary gland specific transcription factors may enable early region transcription of BKPyV.
PSYCHOTIC PROFILES AND SEX PROFILES SHOWN BY A TEST BATTERY
Authors: L. S. PENROSE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

The results of exposing normal and psychotic male and female subjects to the same battery of subtests have been compared. The psychotic subjects were then divided into affective and schizophrenic reaction type groups. The peculiarities which [For TABLE III See in Source PDF] distinguished between the test performances of these two reaction types, as judged by analysis of profile, showed a marked similarity to peculiarities, which were found to distinguish males from females. A theoretical explanation of this similarity is discussed. The work which has been summarized in the present communication was a by-product of investigations made by the writer on behalf of the Canadian Psychological Association. I would like to express by indebtedness to Col. W. Line, Lt.-Col. N. W. Morton, Major G. A. Ferguson and Major J. A. Gagnon whose help made the investigation possible.
Ruth Eleanor Young
Authors: P. Young
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former medical assistant in psychiatry Cambridge (b 1911; q University College Hospital, London, 1936; BSc, MRCPsych), died following a series of strokes on 22 August 2003.

She was in many ways before her time. Her father insisted that she should take a physics degree, but after that she qualified in medicine, refusing to go to an all female medical school, and being one of only two women in her year. She married as a preclinical student, much to the consternation of the authorities. After her family was complete she started as a part time senior house officer in psychiatry, long before such a course of action became normal. Most of her career thereafter was in the student health service in Cambridge. Predeceased by her husband, Frank, and a daughter, she leaves three sons.