tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Training for digestive surgery.
Authors: M Hobsley
Journal: Gut (1994)

Training for digestive surgery Change, and acute change at that, is the norm for the whole of the medical profession these days.In the field of training, surgical gastroenterology is no exception to this rule.Whether one is responsible for the training or a recipient of it, the effect is little short of bewildering.Of a host of topics that could be chosen, I wish to concentrate on three.The first, and perhaps the most important because it affects all the others, is the tug-o'-war between the specialists and the generalists.
Suckling in Infants
Authors: E. Gwynne-Evans
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a highly proliferative class of non-neuronal progenitors that largely give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes. Although OPCs persist across the lifespan, their functions beyond oligodendrogenesis remain to be fully characterized. Here, we show that OPCs contribute to neural circuit remodeling by internalizing presynaptic thalamocortical inputs in both the developing and adult mouse visual cortex. Inputs internalized by OPCs localize to lysosomal compartments, consistent with OPC engulfment of synapses occuring through phagocytosis. We further show that engulfment by OPCs is heightened during experience-dependent plasticity, and that this experience-dependent increase in engulfment requires microglia. These data identify a new function for OPCs beyond the generation of oligodendrocytes and reveal that distinct non-neuronal populations collaborate to modulate synaptic connectivity.
Community-based disability service in the USA: a paediatric perspective
Authors: Lawrence C Kaplan
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

In the USA, the development of community-based services for children and adults with disabilities reflects many of the same challenges facing other nations of the world. On the one hand, one finds in the USA a system of medical services that is technically capable of diagnosing and managing many complex childhood illnesses. Yet, on the other hand, here is a system strained and limited by issues of cost, access to services, and lack of public awareness about the needs of children with disabilities.
John Emile Cosnett
Authors: D. J. Pudifin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

John Emile Cosnett did his registrar training in medicine at the University of Natal and then moved to Edendale Hospital in Pietermaritzburg as head of the medicine department. He stayed for some 20 years, providing both high level service and valuable guidance and training for aspiring physicians. John then decided to concentrate on …
Points from Letters: Treatment of Late Cancer
Authors: L. I. Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBCLJOURNALbe administratively top-heavy without adding materially to the benefit of the patient.Many of our well-qualified senior regis- trars waiting patiently for a consultant post may feel justly envious of a medical social worker who finds himself appointed to a director's post with a sudden increase of 200% to 300% in salary, on a five-day-week basis, due
The impact of metabolic stress on anti-tumor immunity in laboratory mice
Authors: Kathleen M Kokolus, Maegan L Capitano, Jason W Eng, Bonnie L Hylander, Christopher J Gordon, Scott I Abrams, Elizabeth A Repasky
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts There is an underappreciated amount of physiological stress placed on laboratory mice including that due to standard, required housing at sub-thermoneutral temperature. This condition results in an increase in metabolism needed to produce heat necessary to maintain body
Social and Economic Factors in Patients With Coronary Disease-Reply
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In reply to the letter of Dr Burke, all conclusions and figures were based on the prestated primary end point of the occurrence of either nonfatal recurrent infarction or cardiac death, whichever came first. Data on cardiac death were included for completeness. As we stated, the lack of independent risk for cardiac death may imply either a differential effect of psychosocial factors on recurrent cardiac events, or a reduced statistical power for cardiac death (123 vs 226 events). We certainly agree with Drs Frasure-Smith, Lespérance, Hojat, Morris, and Robinson that negative emotions such as depression, loneliness, anxiety, and emotional distress may bear an important relationship to the observed increase in major recurrent events. At the same time, we are not sure of the specific mechanisms that would initiate either an acute MI or cardiac death in this group; further studies are needed to explore the mechanism. The fact
Slow Accumulation of Plasmid in Muscle Cells: Supporting Evidence for a Mechanism of DNA Uptake by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Saulius Šatkauskas, Michel F. Bureau, Abderrahim Mahfoudi, Lluis M. Mir
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Intramuscular plasmid DNA injection results in long-term but low and variable expression of the injected genes. Optimization is difficult because the mechanism of naked DNA uptake by the cells in vivo is not yet determined. Here we used injections of plasmid DNA encoding luciferase to further characterize this mechanism. We analyzed the kinetics of naked DNA uptake by means of DNase I or heparin injections, using the level of luciferase expression as the indicator of DNA uptake. We demonstrated that in vivo heparin inhibits DNA uptake without affecting the expression of DNA internalized by means of electric pulses. Inhibition by heparin is dose dependent and compatible with the competition for the binding to a receptor. As shown also with DNase I, DNA uptake by muscle cells is slow: a progressive accumulation of the DNA in the myofibers can be found for at least 4 hours after naked DNA injection. Physical presence of DNA molecules during the uptake period, but not later, was confirmed by the facilitation of DNA uptake with appropriate electric pulses. Therefore, uptake proceeds for the entire time during which intact DNA is present in the extracellular compartment. Our results support evidence for a DNA uptake mechanism based on receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Effects of a 4‐week freshwater fish (Trout) diet on platelet aggregation, platelet fatty acids, serum lipids, and coagulation factors
Authors: P. M. Atkinson, M. C. Wheeler, D. Mendelsohn, N. Pienaar, N. Chetty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Eight healthy subjects consumed a diet in which all animal products were replaced by 750 g/day of freshwater trout. Platelet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as a percentage of total platelet fatty acids rose from a prediet level of 0.2±0.4% to 3.4±1.6% after 4 weeks on the diet. Platelet arachidonic acid remained unchanged. Platelets became more hyperaggregable to collagen (p&lt;0.025) but became hypoaggregable to arachidonic acid (p&lt; 0.05). The Ivy bleeding time became prolonged rising from a mean of 148 seconds before the diet to 168 seconds at 2 weeks and 202 seconds at 4 weeks. Serum lipids, coagulation profiles, and blood pressure remained unchanged. The changes induced by this diet were much less marked than changes induced by marine fish diets and diets supplemented by marine fish oil extracts, despite the fact that an equivalent amount of EPA was consumed and incorporated into platelets. These findings suggest that other substances, in addition to n‐3 unsaturated fatty acids, may be responsible for the antithrombotic properties of marine fish.
Laboratory Testing in Primary Care-Reply
Authors: Paul A. Nutting
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Hirsch raises an important point with our study and appropriately questions whether the specific instance described was an error on the part of the referral laboratory in reporting the result of the prothrombin time or whether the error resulted from incorrect interpretation of that result on the part of the primary care physician. In this case, the referral laboratory reported the prothrombin time as the INR, but according to the reporting physician "falsely calculated the INR desirable range up to 6.96 for type 'A' indication for warfarin." The reporting physician further explained that this problem persisted for 2 months and affected at least 1 patient who developed a hematoma as a result of upward adjustments in the warfarin dosage. Consequently, we believe this event was correctly characterized as a problem in laboratory testing, rather than an error of interpretation.
Mechanism of flecainide's antiarrhythmic action in experimental atrial fibrillation.
Authors: Z Wang, P Pagé, S Nattel
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs are effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, but their mechanism of action is unknown. In previous work, we have found that flecainide causes tachycardia-dependent increases in atrial action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) by reducing APD accommodation to heart rate. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of flecainide in an experimental model of sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). AF was produced by a brief burst of atrial pacing in the presence of vagal stimulation and persisted spontaneously until vagal stimulation was stopped. The actions of flecainide at two dose levels were compared with those of isotonic glucose placebo in each dog, with a randomized order of blinded drug administration. Flecainide terminated AF in all 16 dogs, while glucose was effective in none (p less than 0.0001). Flecainide increased atrial ERP and reduced conduction velocity in a tachycardia-dependent manner. Doses of flecainide that converted AF resulted in larger changes in ERP than in conduction velocity, increasing the minimum path-length capable of supporting reentry (wavelength). In addition, flecainide reduced regional heterogeneity in ERP and wavelength, an action opposite that of vagal stimulation. Atrial epicardial mapping with a 112-electrode atrial array was used to study the mechanism of flecainide action on AF. Under control conditions, multiple small zones of reentry coexisted. Flecainide progressively increased the size of reentry circuits, decreased their number, and slowed the frequency of atrial activation until the arrhythmia finally terminated; all changes were compatible with an increase in wavelength. We conclude that flecainide terminates atrial fibrillation in this experimental model by causing tachycardia-dependent increases in atrial ERP, which increase the wavelength at the rapid rates characteristic of AF to the point that the arrhythmia can no longer sustain itself.
Treatment-Induced Blood Pressure Reduction and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To examine the relationship between degree of treatment-induced blood pressure (BP) reduction and myocardial infarction, the experience of 1765 previously untreated, mild to moderate hypertensives (initial BP greater than or equal to 160 and/or greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) in a systematic treatment program was reviewed. Over an average of 4.2 years, there were 39 morbid or fatal myocardial infarctions. Three types of fall in diastolic BP (final minus pretreatment) were defined: small (less than or equal to 6 mm Hg), moderate (7 to 17 mm Hg), and large (greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg). By Cox regression, an association was observed between myocardial infarctions and both a large and a small fall, relative to a moderate decline. Age and sex were independent risk factors. Body mass index, cholesterol level, electrocardiogram, race, prior cardiovascular disease, smoking status, initial and final revisit BP, total intreatment BP, and systolic BP were not. Since both a large and small reduction in diastolic BP were associated with a higher incidence of myocardial infarction (relative to a moderate fall), perhaps a moderate reduction in diastolic BP should be the goal of treatment for mild and moderate hypertensives.
The Changing Role of Women — Poisoned Air — The Challenge of Space
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN a series of radio lectures, G. M. Carstairs, professor of psychologic medicine in Edinburgh, has made some courageous if somewhat controversial remarks about the changing moral standards of the present time.Speaking of the vicissitudes of adolescence, he said that adolescence is a time of apprenticeship for the adult role. He regards the present increase in crimes of violence and the present state of confusion in the rules governing sexual behavior as problems not only of adolescence but of society as a whole. He believes that the sexual precocity of young people can be related to the biologic fact . . .
Medical Leadership in an Increasingly Complex World
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
First you find the "criminals" in research fraud
Authors: T. C. Defino
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Bhutta and Crane debate whether research fraud should be a crime.1 In the United States, the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) investigates allegations of misconduct in biomedical research involving humans. It investigates studies that are HHS federally funded, or …
THE USE OF TRYPARSAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT OCULAR LESIONS
Authors: LEE D. CADY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Since the introduction of tryparsamide as a therapeutic agent in human trypanosomiasis by Pearce, 1 numerous articles have been published on its advantages and untoward effects in treating neurosyphilis. Practically every writer has mentioned certain adverse manifestations on the visual apparatus, varying from mild subjective symptoms to blindness.  The experimental study by Young and Loevenhart 2 on the toxicity of various arsenical drugs with reference to the visual apparatus explains the cause for bad results in the use of tryparsamide as well as atoxyl from which it is derived. They showed that arsenicals with an amino group, or a substituted amino group, in a para position to the arsenic produce optic nerve lesions in the rabbit. Organic arsenicals with the amino group, or substituted amino group, in the ortho or meta position to the arsenic produce no optic nerve lesions. Obviously, the valence of the arsenic in this group is
Should the NHS work at weekends as it does in the week? Yes
Authors: B. Keogh
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Some royal colleges recently advised that patients should get the same consultant led care at weekends as they do on weekdays. <b>Bruce Keogh</b> agrees that this would benefit patients, but <b>Paul Flynn</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.f622) sees little justification for elective care at weekends and asks who's going to pay
The Increasing Urgency for Standards in Basic Biologic Research
Authors: Leonard P. Freedman, James Inglese
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Research advances build upon the validity and reproducibility of previously published data and findings. Yet irreproducibility in basic biologic and preclinical research is pervasive in both academic and commercial settings. Lack of reproducibility has led to invalidated research breakthroughs, retracted articles, and aborted clinical trials. Concerns and requirements for transparent, reproducible, and translatable research are accelerated by the rapid growth of "post-publication peer review," open access publishing, and data sharing that facilitate the identification of irreproducible data/studies; they are magnified by the explosion of high-throughput technologies, genomics, and other data-intensive disciplines. Collectively, these changes and challenges are decreasing the effectiveness of traditional research quality mechanisms and are contributing to unacceptable-and unsustainable-levels of irreproducibility. The global oncology and basic biologic research communities can no longer tolerate or afford widespread irreproducible research. This article discusses (i) how irreproducibility in preclinical research can ultimately be traced to an absence of a unifying life science standards framework, and (ii) makes an urgent case for the expanded development and use of consensus-based standards to both enhance reproducibility and drive innovations in cancer research.
Exercise and the Gallbladder
Authors: Kenneth J. Vega, David E. Johnston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Gallstones are an important cause of disease and a common reason for surgery. Women, particularly those who have had multiple pregnancies or have certain ethnic backgrounds, such as Native American or U.S. southwestern Hispanic, are at particular risk. Obesity is an important risk factor for gallstone disease that can be modified,1 as are frequent changes in weight.2 Rapid weight loss leads to the rapid growth of gallstones and a high risk of symptomatic disease. Other than achieving and maintaining ideal body weight, the average person can do relatively little to prevent gallstones.Risk factors other than obesity may be avoidable . . .
Cocaine and Other Stimulants
Authors: Frank H. Gawin, Everett H. Ellinwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

SENSATIONALISM and shifting acceptance of drug use have influenced much of what has been written about cocaine. This review attempts a reasoned psychiatric appraisal of the prototypical abused psychomotor stimulants, cocaine and the amphetamines. We review the historical and epidemiologic features of the recent upsurge in cocaine abuse, summarize clinical psychiatric observations about stimulant abuse and emerging treatment approaches, and describe new perceptions of the biologic nature of stimulant addiction. Because emergency medical treatment of stimulant overdose and medical complications of cocaine and amphetamine abuse have been reviewed recently,1 2 3 4 we have excluded these topics.Recent History and EpidemiologySeven years . . .
TAKING MEDICAL EDUCATION TO THE PRACTITIONER
Authors: CHARLES A. GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The Medical Society of the State of New York is offering graduate education, without cost, to every physician in the state, whether a member of his county society or not. Fees are not charged, and county societies have not contributed funds for the work; the cost is met entirely by the Medical Society of the State of New York and the state department of health, which has borne most of the cost of the lectures in obstetrics and pediatrics. We are in the second year of our work. Lectures and demonstrations, clinical as far as possible, have been given in fifty-one of the sixty-two counties of the state; twenty-six counties have had pediatrics, twenty-three, obstetrics, and eleven, both, while fifteen others have had courses of another kind while this work was in progress. Gastro-enterology and general medicine, especially cardiac diseases and hypertension, have been very much in demand. For the
Vasopressin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct cells is mediated by the oxytocin receptor.
Authors: I Teitelbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Studies were performed to identify the receptor that mediates AVP-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in cultured rat inner medullary collecting tubule (RIMCT) cells. While the selective V1 receptor agonist [Ho1, Phe2, Orn8] VT has no effect on inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production over the range of 10(-13)-10(-7) M, the selective V2 receptor agonist VDAVP stimulates IP3 production in dose-dependent fashion. Oxytocin stimulates IP3 production in dose-dependent fashion as well. AVP-stimulated phospholipase C activity is not inhibited by the V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP(10(-7) M) but is eliminated by the V2 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5DTyr(Et)VAVP (10(-7) M). Similarly, the response to oxytocin is eliminated by the V2 receptor antagonist. The selective oxytocin receptor agonist [Thr4, Gly7] oxytocin does not stimulate cAMP production in RIMCT cells but does promote PI hydrolysis. The selective oxytocin receptor antagonist desGlyNH2d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)-Thr4]OVT (10(-7) M) does not inhibit AVP-stimulated cAMP production but eliminates IP3 production in response to AVP or the V2 receptor agonist VDAVP. These studies demonstrate that AVP or a V2 receptor agonist stimulate PI hydrolysis in cultured RIMCT cells via occupancy of the oxytocin receptor.
MPs disappointed by response to report on allergy services
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The House of Commons health select committee, a cross party group of MPs that advises on health issues, has criticised the government's response last week to its report on allergy.

The committee had recommended the development of a nationwide specialist allergy service. The government, however, has asked for more evidence before acting on these recommendations. The Royal College of Physicians was also disappointed by the government's statement.

The committee's report, submitted last year, recommended setting up a specialist allergy centre in each of the eight health regions in England to provide centres for local networks of competent practice in allergy care and to facilitate training of primary care staff. The report warned that many patients with allergies were currently seen by dermatologists …
Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk associated with pericardial effusion
Authors: L. G. Thijs, T. A. J. Kroon, Th. M. Van Leeuwen
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Thijs, L. G., Kroon, T. A. J., and van Leeuwen, Th. M. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29,</b> 490-494. <b>Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk associated with pericardial effusion.</b> The case history of a patient with a leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk is presented. The clinical picture was dominated by unexplained shortness of breath, episodes of cough and haemoptysis, general weakness, and weight loss. Signs of a pericardial effusion and pulmonary stenosis developed a few weeks before death. Thoracotomy revealed an inoperable tumour arising from the pulmonary trunk and a large pericardial effusion. Microscopy of the tumour removed at necropsy showed a leiomyosarcoma.
The Changing Iodide-Uptake Test
Authors: John B. Stanbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid gland is a sensitive indicator of thyroid function. Introduced more than two decades ago as a diagnostic aid, this technic has evolved as an objective, safe and convenient means of assessing gland activity. Numerous modifications of the test procedure have lowered the radiation dose delivered to the patient and enhanced the convenience and accuracy of the assay. Among the current technics perhaps the most frequently employed uses 2 to 10 μCi of 131I and a reading at 24 hours after administration. Other methods using shorter times and short-lived isotopes in low dosage offer . . .