tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it
Authors: T. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

No one objects to choice or competition, and certainly the poorly performing parts of the National Health Service must do better—as the final report on Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, to be published in early 2012, will show. However, we lose the principles of the NHS at our peril.

The 70 year old grandmother: market economics —Before the second world war, a doctor visited a friend’s elderly mother three times a week for a heart problem. Initially each visit cost one shilling, but it soon rose to one shilling and sixpence and by the war to three shillings …
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Diabetes
Authors: Yukihiko Momiyama, Yoshihiko Suzuki, Fumitaka Ohsuzu, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka, Mitsuru Kimura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Orlistat Treatment Orlistat is a drug frequently prescribed as an adjuvant in weight control therapy (1-2).Orlistat inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract to decrease the systemic absorption of dietary fat (1,2).In clinical trials, steatorrhoea and other gastrointestinal disorders are the most frequently reported side effects (3).Other reported adverse effects include hypertension (4) and depression (5).No cases of severe hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been previously reported with this drug.We report an 18-year-old Caucasian woman with type 1 diabetes for the past 3 years who had a progressive increase in weight, reaching 89 kg, and a height of 164 cm (BMI 33 kg/m 2 ).She was administered several weight-reducing regimens, but to no avail.One month before her hospitalization, she began taking, on her own, orlistat (120 mg three times per day) in addition to a low-calorie diet.This was accompanied by one to three watery bowel movements per day.She was progressively lethargic, and her insulin dose requirement increased from 86 to 98 U/day, in three preprandial injections of regular insulin with one evening dose of long-acting insulin.She had no other underlying illnesses and was not on any other medication.Her home blood glucose monitoring revealed progressive worsening of her diabetes control.On the day of presentation in the emergency room, she was complaining of severe lethargy, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and two episodes of vomiting.Laboratory data showed severe hyperglycemia (blood glucose 550 mg/dl), acidosis (pH 7.0), hyperosmolar state (Na 153 mEq/l, K 3.0 mEq/l, BUN 60 mg/dl, creatinine 1.8 mg/ dl), severe ketosis (ketone bodies 40 mg/ dl), and positive urinary ketones.She was afebrile (37.2°C), weighed 85 kg, had an HbA 1c 12%, and was dehydrated (ϳ10% of her body weight).Orlistat was stopped, and the patient was started on intravenous hydration and insulin.The patient showed significant improvement over a period of 5 days.On discharge, she was back on her baseline insulin dosage of 82 U/day, and she was hemodynamically stable.In this patient, orlistat, probably secondary to the watery stools, seemed to have progressively caused dehydration and a decrease in intravascular volume.Initially, this lead to insulin resistance and increased insulin requirements, followed by DKA.This is the first report of DKA precipitated by orlistat in a type 1 diabetic patient.We advise caution and close monitoring of patients with type 1 diabetes who are given orlistat for obesity management.
Review: Statins reduce mortality and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity in patients with low CV risk
Authors: Daniel Muñoz, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Tonelli M, Lloyd A, Clement F, et al; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Efficacy of statins for primary prevention in people at low cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2011;183:E1189-1202. 21989464
Homocyst(e)ine, oxidative stress, and endothelium function in uremic patients
Authors: Ziad A. Massy, Irène Ceballos, Bernadette Chadefaux-Vekemens, Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Beatrice Descamps-Latscha, Tilman B. Drüeke, Paul Jungers
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction: Five-Year Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Authors: JACK H. MEDALIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

In the course of 5 years, 9509 healthy adult subjects had an average annual incidence of 3.6 unrecognized infarcts per 1000 persons and 5.3 clinical ones per 1000 persons. A multivariate analysis showed that the most significant risk factors were age, left axis deviation, left ventricular hypertrophy, cigarette smoking, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and peripheral vascular disease. Some of the known risk factors of clinical infarct, or angina pectoris, or both, such as cholesterol, diabetes, anxiety, and psychosocial problems, do not play a significant role in unrecognized infarcts. Subjects whose electrocardiograms were initially interpreted by cardiologists as noninfarcts but by the computer as infarcts developed a high rate of unrecognized infarcts in the subsequent 5 years. A 7-year mortality follow-up showed a markedly higher rate among the unrecognized infarct group as compared with the noninfarct population, but significantly lower than those who developed a clinical infarct.
Targeting Viral-Mediated Transduction to the Lung Airway Epithelium with the Anti-inflammatory Cationic Lipid Dexamethasone–Spermine
Authors: Amber Price, Maria Limberis, Jeffrey A. Gruneich, James M. Wilson, Scott L. Diamond
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We formulated adenovirus (AdV) vectors with cationic steroid liposomes containing dexamethasone–spermine (DS)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) in an effort to overcome the lack of apically expressed AdV vector receptors on airway epithelial cells and to reduce the inflammation associated with AdV vector exposure. An AdV vector (1 to 2.5 × 1011 genome copies) expressing human placental alkaline phosphatase or β-galactosidase (LacZ) was delivered alone or complexed with DS/DOPE, DC-Chol/DOPE, or dexamethasone to C57Bl/6 mice via intranasal instillation. Formulation of the AdV vector with DS/DOPE and DC-Chol/DOPE resulted in transgene expression targeted only to the airway epithelial cells with minimal expression in alveolar cells, while AdV alone caused high alveolar transduction. The DS/DOPE and dexamethasone formulations greatly reduced cellular infiltrates compared to AdV vector alone, while formulation with DC-Chol/DOPE did not. IFN-γ was significantly elevated at day 7 in mice receiving only the AdV vector compared to the AdV vector formulated with DS/DOPE, DC-Chol/DOPE, or dexamethasone. Lipid formulation of adeno-associated virus vector expressing LacZ also produced airway epithelial targeting, similar to the AdV vector. Viral vectors can be formulated with DS/DOPE to improve targeting to the airway epithelium in vivo and to attenuate vector-induced inflammation through the pharmacological activity of DS.
Adherence of multiple myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal cells upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor secretion: therapeutic applications
Authors: D Gupta, SP Treon, Y Shima, T Hideshima, K Podar, YT Tai, B Lin, S Lentzsch, FE Davies, D Chauhan, RL Schlossman, P Richardson, P Ralph, L Wu, F Payvandi, G Muller, DI Stirling, KC Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
The Critical Care Complex
Authors: Maxwell Berry
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The physician has the duty to heal the afflicted and shelter them, but he also has the duty to protect the well from the contagious and the innocent from the morally dangerous. These are the two sides of the coin. If we allow the pushers to run loose, we tacitly condone their subversion of our children. If we report them to the authorities, we drive them away from our sheltering arms. If we accept an attitude of nonjudgment and nonmoralizing, then we neglect that wonderful attitude of so many of the family doctors who feel the responsibility not only for the sick but for the well also and serve as a model for integrity, devotion, and morality in their communities (<b>215</b>: 1146, 1971). So it seems to me that each physician who is on the "firing line" of medicine must make up his mind according to the
Childhood obstructive sleep apnoea: Covariation is not proof of cause
Authors: Mats Reimer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients Potential ramifications are alarmingEditor-In their systematic review and meta-analysis Griffiths et al conclude that tracheostomies should be performed earlier in critically ill patients. 1As ear, nose, and throat surgeons we find the potential ramifications quite alarming, primarily as undertaking this major operation is not without potential morbidity in patients who are already systemically unwell. 2 3 These patients are often anaemic and have coagulopathies and sepsis among other comorbidities-points that we thought the authors had not discussed, and factors that have implications for the surgical procedure.In our experience, many patients listed for tracheostomy from intensive care units are extubated or sometimes die while waiting for their procedure; if tracheostomy were performed immediately these patients would be subjected to unnecessary procedures.The postoperative sequelae of tracheostomy are a slow weaning process before patients can be decannulated, followed by potential tracheal stenosis. 4hese patients may be able to leave intensive care earlier, but Griffiths et al do not say how long they then remain inpatients before discharge because of problems with rehabilitation with a tracheostomy tube in situ.Interestingly, although duration of ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were shortened by an earlier tracheostomy, mortality was not altered and inpatient stay was likely to have been lengthened. 5he authors divided timing of tracheostomy into two groups, demarcated by seven days after intubation, making an artificial separation that seems invalid.It would have been more interesting to see whether increasing number of days have a proportional relation to the duration of ventilation and stay in intensive care on a linear scale.We advise great caution in interpreting the findings of Griffiths et al and about its impact on the delivery of the tracheostomy service in hospitals.
Abstract 2178: Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: ADAMTS-16 is up-regulated in esophageal squamous carcinoma
Authors: Naoya Sakamoto, Naohide Oue, Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Kazuhiro Sentani, Katsuhiro Anami, Yuichi Sanada, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Wataru Yasui
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. To identify potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutics of ESCC, we performed Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) on the ESCC sample. We generated the SAGE library from one ESCC sample and obtained a total of 14,430 tags, including 5,765 that were unique. By comparing SAGE tags from ESCC samples with those from normal human squamous esophagus (Gene Expression Omnibus accession number, GSM52501), we found several genes and tags that were differentially expressed between ESCC and normal squamous esophagus. Among these, we focused on the ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16 (ADAMTS16) gene. ADAMTS has been described as part of a family of zinc dependent proteases (metzincin family), which play important roles in a variety of normal and pathological conditions including arthritis and cancer. Although ADAMTS16 is expressed in some organs, the relationship with cancers, including ESCC, has not been studied. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a high level of ADAMTS16 expression in 8 out of 20 ESCC samples (40%) but not in 15 kinds of normal tissues. We also investigated the mRNA expression levels of SCCA1, which encodes SCC antigen. High levels of SCCA1 mRNA expression were found in 4 of 20 cases (20%). We then investigated the relation of ADAMTS16 expression to clinicopathologic characters and found that ADAMTS16 overexpression correlated with the advanced T grade (p = 0.0215). Western blot analysis revealed that ADAMTS16 protein expression was detected in all 4 ESCC cases, whereas in 1 of the 4 corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa. Furthermore, ADAMTS16 protein was detected in culture media from the TE5 ESCC cell line which expressed significant level of ADAMTS16 mRNA, indicated that ADAMTS16 is surely secreted. To evaluate the biological significance of ADAMTS16 in ESCC, we performed MTT assay and transwell invasion assay. These examination revealed that knockdown of ADAMTS16 by siRNA in TE5 cells inhibited both cell growth and invasion ability. These results suggest that ADAMTS16 has a high potential as a serum tumor marker and therapeutic target for ESCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2178.
Reflections ON FAITH HEALING
Authors: C. Allbutt
Journal: BMJ (1910)

DURING the last few years the various notions which gather about the name of Faith Healing have gained such ascendancy as to command the attention of all thoughtful men, and of those especially who are responsible for the services of religion and medicine.If not in all times and places, yet over long periods of many nations, the * We cannot, I think, allow the profession of OhritaSEde.'£.be monopolized by any sect.
Community-Based Learning in a Time of Conflict
Authors: Bishnu Giri, P. Ravi Shankar
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

I would like to thank PLoS Medicine for publishing Lacasse and Leo's important and methodical Essay that debunks the "chemical imbalance" advertisements for psychiatric drugs [1].Why would the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve such ads?Our human rights group, MindFreedom International, has been asking that question for a long time.On behalf of MindFreedom, US Senator Ron Wyden contacted the FDA for an explanation about why they approve such advertising.In their responsewhich took over one year to receive-the FDA could cite no scientifi c literature or studies.It turns out there's a good reason that the FDA can't fi nd any scientifi c evidence for the claims of a "chemical imbalance" in these ads: the scientifi c evidence in support of the serotonin hypothesis is very weak.Readers who would like more information about the psychiatric industry's advertising suggesting a "chemical imbalance" in depression may be interested in the following:(1) MindFreedom's debate with Pfi zer, manufacturer of Zoloft, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/pfi zerlies.shtml,and (2) a historic debate with the American Psychiatric Association resulting from MindFreedom's 2003 hunger strike, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/hungerstrike.shtml
In vitro effect of antibodies to dna on the template activity of DNA
Authors: John N. Whitaker, Jason L. Starr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Blood samples containing antibodies to DNA were obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rabbits immunized with denatured DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. The immunoglobulin fractions from these sources did not decrease the over-all template activity of singlestranded DNA with DNA polymerase or DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In competition studies, both DNA polymerase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibited the binding of DNA antibodies to single-stranded DNA, as evidenced by inhibition of micro-complement fixation. These findings suggest that antibodies to DNA fail to decrease denatured DNA template activity because the enzymes which use a single-stranded DNA template can displace or block the antibodies from the denatured DNA as a result of greater binding affinity to the denatured DNA. The anti-DNA antibodies associated with SLE, therefore, may not be involved in the pathogenesis of the intracellular abnormalities associated with the disease.
Cerebral blood flow and blood viscosity in patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease.
Authors: J P Wade, T C Pearson, R W Russell, G Wetherley-Mein
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Blood viscosity, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen carriage (CBF X arterial oxygen content) were measured in 12 patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. CBF and cerebral oxygen carriage were both significantly higher than in a comparative group of 20 patients with raised packed cell volumes and normal lung function. The patients with secondary polycythaemia then underwent venesection and their mean packed cell volume fell from 0.613 to 0.495. This led to a consistent reduction in blood viscosity, which fell by 44% at a low shear rate (0.67/s) and 33% at a high shear rate (0.91/s). CBF rose by 21% (p less than 0.01), but cerebral oxygen carriage did not significantly increase in the group as a whole. Four of the patients with secondary polycythaemia had complained of episodes of confusion before venesection, which improved considerably once the packed cell volume had been lowered. Headache was relieved in a further two patients and none of the subjects was adversely affected by venesection. It was not possible, however, to show a correlation between symptomatic improvement and an increase in cerebral oxygen carriage.
Transgenic approach to hepatitis B virus liver damage Moriyama T, Gulhot S, Guopchin K, Moss B, Pinkert CA, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, et al. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Science 1990;248:361–364
Authors: W McDonnell
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Allergy: Principles and Practice
Authors: Gregory O. Zeman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is the fourth edition of a very popular book dealing with the classical allergic diseases. The third edition was totally sold out. The addition of William Busse as a senior editor enhances the sections on lower airway disease. This edition also sees several new authors of note and an updating and modernization of chapter headings and contents. The last two decades have witnessed the proliferation of works dealing with allergic and immunologic diseases. The first of these major works was Samter's<i>Immunological Diseases</i>, a book characterized by multiple prominent authors. Unlike other current and past works,<i>Allergy: Principles and Practice</i>stays within the bounds of classical allergy problems and avoids diseases primarily seen by rheumatologists, hematologists, and other subspecialists. With allergists experiencing something of a crisis regarding the bounds of their subspecialty, it is refreshing to see a redirection by the editors to areas that have been the domain
Pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter phase 1/2 open-label study
Authors: Alessandra Larocca, Vittorio Montefusco, Sara Bringhen, Davide Rossi, Claudia Crippa, Roberto Mina, Monica Galli, Magda Marcatti, Giacinto La Verde, Nicola Giuliani, Valeria Magarotto, Tommasina Guglielmelli, Delia Rota-Scalabrini, Paola Omedé, Alberto Santagostino, Ileana Baldi, Angelo Michele Carella, Mario Boccadoro, Paolo Corradini, Antonio Palumbo
Journal: Blood (2013)
The diagnosis of art: Achilles Emperaire and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
Authors: Manoj Ramachandran, Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Emperaire, an artist and a friend of Paul Ce ´zanne, was born in Aix-en-Provence in 1829, ten years after Ce ´zanne.Little is known about his life.In his early career, he moved frequently between Paris and Aix, working under the influence of the painter Thomas Couture and subsisting on only fifteen francs a month, often by copying pictures in the Louvre. 1 His artistic output was not prolific, but his paintings, particularly his nudes, show a fullness of form, an abundance of curves, and romantic inspiration similar to the works of Delacroix and Seurat.He repeatedly and unsuccessfully tried to exhibit his work at the Salon, the official art exhibition of the Acade ´mie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. 2 Ce ´zanne had an on-off relationship with Emperaire, at times helping him to gain employment, for example as a financial administrator for the Socie ´te ´des Artistes Franc ¸ais in Paris, but he frequently, and cruelly, did not support Emperaire through long periods of financial hardship.However, Ce ´zanne did appreciate his friend's work, and ten years before Emperaire's death in Aix in 1898 he wrote of him in a letter to Gasquet as follows: 'If I had been given the chance to ''realiser'', it is I who should have remained in my corner with some of the studio colleagues with whom we used to go to drink a stein of beer.I still have a good friend from those days; ah well, he didn't succeed, but just the same he was devilishly more painter than the bemedalled and decorated tramps that make one sweat.'
Medication Use in Older Patients
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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