tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease
Authors: JSM Peiris, WC Yu, CW Leung, CY Cheung, WF Ng, JM Nicholls, TK Ng, KH Chan, ST Lai, WL Lim, KY Yuen, Y Guan
Journal: The Lancet (2004)

Human disease associated with influenza A subtype H5N1 re-emerged in January, 2003, for the first time since an outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997. Patients with H5N1 disease had unusually high serum concentrations of chemokines (eg, interferon induced protein-10 [IP-10] and monokine induced by interferon gamma [MIG]). Taken together with a previous report that H5N1 influenza viruses induce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophage cultures in vitro, our findings suggest that cytokine dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of H5N1 disease. Development of vaccines against influenza A (H5N1) virus should be made a priority.
Childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: the boyd orr cohort study
Authors: S. Frankel, D. J Gunnell, T. J Peters, M. Maynard, G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer.Cohort study.16 rural and urban centres in England and Scotland.3834 people who took part in Lord Boyd Orr's Carnegie survey of family diet and health in prewar Britain between 1937 and 1939 who were followed up with the NHS, central register. Standardised methods were used to measure household dietary intake during a one week period.Cancer mortality.Significant associations between childhood energy intake and cancer mortality were seen when the confounding effects of social variables were taken into account in proportional hazards models (relative hazard for all cancer mortality 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.24), P = 0.001, for every MJ increase in adult equivalent daily intake in fully adjusted models). This effect was essentially limited to cancers not related to smoking (relative hazard 1.20; 1.07 to 1.34; P = 0.001), with similar effects seen in men and women.This positive association between childhood energy intake and later cancer is consistent with animal evidence linking energy restriction with reduced incidence of cancer and the association between height and human cancer, implying that higher levels of energy intake in childhood increase the risk of later development of cancer. This evidence for long term effects of early diet confirm the importance of optimal nutrition in childhood and suggest that the unfavourable trends seen in the incidence of some cancers may have their origins in early life.
Lymphoma depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice is mediated by macrophage FcγRI, FcγRIII, and FcγRIV
Authors: Veronique Minard-Colin, Yan Xiu, Jonathan C. Poe, Mayuka Horikawa, Cynthia M. Magro, Yasuhito Hamaguchi, Karen M. Haas, Thomas F. Tedder
Journal: Blood (2008)
Activation during ventricular defibrillation in open-chest dogs. Evidence of complete cessation and regeneration of ventricular fibrillation after unsuccessful shocks.
Authors: P S Chen, N Shibata, E G Dixon, P D Wolf, N D Danieley, M B Sweeney, W M Smith, R E Ideker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To test the hypothesis that a defibrillation shock is unsuccessful because it fails to annihilate activation fronts within a critical mass of myocardium, we recorded epicardial and transmural activation in 11 open-chest dogs during electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). Shocks of 1-30 J were delivered through defibrillation electrodes on the left ventricular apex and right atrium. Simultaneous recordings were made from septal, intramural, and epicardial electrodes in various combinations. Immediately after all 104 unsuccessful and 116 successful defibrillation shocks, an isoelectric interval much longer than that observed during preshock VF occurred. During this time no epicardial, septal, or intramural activations were observed. This isoelectric window averaged 64 +/- 22 ms after unsuccessful defibrillation and 339 +/- 292 ms after successful defibrillation (P less than 0.02). After the isoelectric window of unsuccessful shocks, earliest activation was recorded from the base of the ventricles, which was the area farthest from the apical defibrillation electrode. Activation was synchronized for one or two cycles following unsuccessful shocks, after which VF regenerated. Thus, after both successful and unsuccessful defibrillation with epicardial shocks of greater than or equal to 1 J, an isoelectric window occurs during which no activation fronts are present; the postshock isoelectric window is shorter for unsuccessful than for successful defibrillation; unsuccessful shocks transiently synchronize activation before fibrillation regenerates; activation leading to the regeneration of VF after the isoelectric window for unsuccessful shocks originates in areas away from the defibrillation electrodes. The isoelectric window does not support the hypothesis that defibrillation fails solely because activation fronts are not halted within a critical mass of myocardium. Rather, unsuccessful epicardial shocks of greater than or equal to 1 J halt all activation fronts after which VF regenerates.
Iraqi doctors return to work, but patients still face acute shortages of drugs
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A week of steady improvement in Iraq's humanitarian situation has seen doctors returning to work across the country and the partial restoration of electricity and water supplies in many areas. WHO has warned, however, that patients with chronic diseases face acute shortages of medicines, and many hospitals are providing emergency care only.

WHO said that a survey of Iraq's health infrastructure showed that there were 1447 medical facilities throughout the country, including 160 hospitals, of which 33 are in Baghdad, and 1285 health centres. There are more than 26 000 hospital beds, which the WHO considers adequate for the population.

Rather than sending field hospitals, WHO said, donor countries …
Style Notes: Bacterial Vaginosis or Vaginal Bacteriosis?
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Editorials1 October 1989Style Notes: Bacterial Vaginosis or Vaginal Bacteriosis?Edward J. Huth, MDEdward J. Huth, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-7-553 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the preceding editorial (1) Sobel discusses what for 5 years has been called bacterial vaginosis. This term was proposed in 1984 (2) by Weström, Evaldson, Holmes, van der Meijden, Rylander, and Fredriksson.The fact that micro-organisms are involved in this syndrome and that no inflammatory reaction can be identified has caused objections to the use of the term 'non-specific vaginitis', the syndrome being neither 'non-specific' nor an 'itis'. Numerous attempts to rephrase the syndrome have been presented but, so far, none has been generally accepted. We would like to suggest use of the term BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS, defined as follows:...References1. Sobel J. Bacterial vaginosis: an ecologic mystery. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:551-553. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WeströmEvaldsonHolmesvan der MeijdenRylanderFredriksson LGKWEB. Taxonomy of vaginosis; bacterial vaginosis—a definition. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1984;86:259-64. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. BlackwellBarlow AD. Clinic diagnosis of anaerobic vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis): a practical guide. Br J Vener Dis. 1982;58:387-93. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Dirckx J. The language of medicine: its evolution, structure and dynamics. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper & Row; 1976:59. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Stoichioproteomic Analysis of Samples from the Human Microbiome ProjectNew strategies for local treatment of vaginal infectionsThe Microbiological Context of HIV Resistance: Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Inflammation at the Viral Point of EntryFREQUENCY OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND CARCINOMAS IN WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT BACTERIAL VAGINOSISUČESTALOST CERVIKALNIH INTRAEPITELIALNIH NEOPLAZIJA I KARCINOMA KOD ŽENA SA BAKTERIJSKOM VAGINOZOM I BEZ BAKTERIJSKE VAGINOZEBacterial vaginosis: Changes in laboratory practiceUse of a Lactoferrin Assay in the Differential Diagnosis of Female Genital Tract Infections and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Bacterial VaginosisGardnerella vaginalis: characteristics, clinical considerations, and controversiesBacterial vaginosis: a diagnostic approach.Bacterial vaginosis 1 October 1989Volume 111, Issue 7Page: 553-554KeywordsBacterial vaginosis Issue Published: 1 October 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Using Health Cartoons Without Credit
Authors: G. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 1090 ofThe Journal, April 5, 1913, you speak approvingly of the illustration which appears on page 7 of the<i>Bulletin</i>of the Rhode Island State Board of Health for January, 1913, giving instructions for the making of a sanitary drinking-cup from a sheet of paper. Permit me to invite your attention to the fact that the illustration in question was published in the<i>Bulletin</i>of the Chicago School of Sanitary Instruction, July 1, 1911.
Plasma A- and B-type natriuretic peptides: physiology, methodology and clinical use
Authors: F Boomsma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Time for primary review 25 days. 

In the 20 years which have passed since the first description by de Bold of a natriuretic and diuretic substance produced in the heart [1], a large body of research has firmly established the position of the heart as an endocrine organ. Two peptides, both containing a 17-amino acid ring structure, have been a focus of much interest: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP). A third member of this family of peptides, C-type natriuretic peptide, has been described; it is mainly produced by the endothelium and not by the heart, has no diuretic or natriuretic activity, and will not be discussed here.

ANP is produced mainly in the cardiac atria, while BNP, originally isolated from porcine brain, was soon reported to be mainly produced in the cardiac ventricles. In recent years, however, it has become clear that in fact both ANP and BNP are produced both in atria and in ventricles, and that ANP is normally predominant; under pathological conditions production of BNP rises strongly in both atria and ventricles and plasma concentrations may overtake those of (also risen) ANP [2,3]. Both are formed as pre-pro-polypeptides. Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide is a 126-amino acid peptide stored in atrial granulae; upon secretion it is cleaved by a serine protease into equimolar amounts of the active ANP (amino acids 99–126) and the inactive N-terminal fragment N -ANP (amino acids 1–98) [4]. Further degradation of N -ANP may lead to several smaller fragments some of which may also have biological activity [5]. Less is known about the procession of BNP; it is believed to be more constitutively expressed. Pro-brain natriuretic peptide is a 108-amino acid peptide also cleaved into equimolar amounts of the 32-amino acid active BNP and an … 

* Corresponding author. University Hospital Dijkzigt, Internal Medicine, Rm L-276, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31-10-463-3764; fax: +31-10-463-4531 boomsma{at}inw1.azr.nl
Paradoxic Phenomenon of Premature Beats with Narrow QRS in the Presence of Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: RASHID A. MASSUMI, GENERAL HILLIARD, ANTHONY DEMARIA, RAMON FABREGAS, ALAN E. LINDSAY, EZRA AMSTERDAM, DEAN T. MASON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In contrast to the functional bundle-branch block (BBB) which is frequently rate-related and disappears when heart rate slows, we have encountered seven cases of a paradoxic disappearance of an existing, ischemia-induced BBB in premature beats. Supernormal conduction within the blocked bundle branch was not present in any of the cases. His bundle electrography in three of the cases demonstrated His spikes before each of the narrow-QRS premature beats. The His-Q intervals of the premature beats were considerably shorter than those of the control sinus beats. This finding clearly indicated an ectopic origin midway between the ventricular myocardium and the His bundle, i.e., within the ischemic fascicles of the left bundle, or the ischemic right bundle. From their points of origin such fascicular impulses propagate antegradely toward the respective area of the ventricular myocardium, and retrogradely toward the main His bundle, and at the same time down the remaining two fascicles. The antegrade conduction time in the short pathway down the ischemic fascicle is equaled by the faster conduction through the longer pathways of the remaining, uninjured fascicles, thereby accounting for the almost simultaneous activation of the myocardium of the two ventricles and the resultant narrow-QRS complexes.
Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in allergic and infectious rhinitis.
Authors: R U Pawankar, M Okuda, K Suzuki, K Okumura, C Ra
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

T cells expressing the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma delta home in on various epithelia and may play an important role in local immunity to foreign antigens. The nasal mucosa is a potential site for chronic inflammatory diseases, yet little is known about the characteristics of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells. Using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR, we elucidated the characteristics of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), chronic infective rhinitis (CIR), and seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and in normal subjects. The gamma delta T cells were significantly increased in the nasal mucosa of patients with PAR (PAR, 24.3 +/- 4.5%; CIR, 12.9+/- 2.7%, p < 0.01), unrelated to those in autologous peripheral blood (PAR, 5.6 +/- 0.8%; CIR, 9.6 +/- 2.8%), and they were preferentially distributed in the epithelial compartment (26.7 +/- 2.3%) rather than in the lamina propria (5.4 +/- 2.5%). Of the expanded population of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in patients with PAR, CD4+ and CD4-8- gamma delta T cells were selectively increased (p < 0.01). Although nasal intraepithelial gamma delta T cells from all groups of patients and normal subjects dominantly expressed the V gamma 1/V delta 1 genes, and a bias for V gamma 3 gene expression was noted in those of patients with PAR, a significantly larger fraction of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in patients with PAR expressed the V gamma 1/V delta 1 TCR (p, 0.01), whereas those of the peripheral blood expressed the V gamma 2/V delta 2 TCR. More than 60% of V gamma 1/V delta 1 TCR+ cells in patients with PAR, were CD45RO+ ("memory cells"), independent of those in their peripheral blood (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a substantial proportion of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in patients with PAR synthesized IL-4 and IL-5 but negligible amounts of IFN-gamma. These observations of an increase in the proportions and activation of distinct subsets of nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells and their Th2-type cytokine profile in patients with PAR, unrelated to those in autologous peripheral blood suggest an important role for the oligoclonally expanded expanded nasal mucosal gamma delta T cells in the pathogenesis of PAR.
Patient-Centered Medicine-Reply
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The thoughtful comments expressed by Dr Reyes-Ortiz and Mr Strouse illustrate one of our points—the evolution toward patient-centered medicine is slow and uneven. Reyes-Ortiz provides examples that he believes suggest the evolutionary process may be particularly slow for older and seriously ill patients. This may be partly attributable to physician factors but also to patient factors. Perhaps older patients, having spent much of their lives with physician-centered medicine, may be more cautious than younger patients in bringing their own preferences into their medical care. If this is the case, both patients and physicians would benefit from reeducation in this regard. In our article, we mention some of the changes in medical education that are helping to train more patient-centered clinicians. We also acknowledge that these changes in medical education are emerging slowly. We agree with Reyes-Ortiz that incorporating strategies for teaching values and psychosocial skills will likely advance
MITRAL ANNULAR REDUCTION WITH SUBABLATIVE HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND: SAFETY, EFFICACY AND DOSE RESPONSE IN AN ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Hasan Jilaihawi, Renu Virmani, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Anique Ducharme, Yan Fen Shi, Yong Zou, Atsushi Ikeda, Anita Asgar, Raoul Bonan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Longitudinal Comparative Study on the Influence of Computers on Reporting of Clinical Data
Authors: A. Gouveia-Oliveira, V. D. Raposo, N. C. Salgado, I. Almeida, C. Nobre-Leitão, F. Galvão de Melo
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The impact of the clinical database system SISCOPE on medical services was evaluated and objective data compiled on the quality of information recording and reporting using a fully structured data entry system compared to traditional free text reporting. 1565 upper endoscopy reports produced with SISCOPE over a period of 12 months were assessed for completeness and compared to 152 and 208 free text reports done 4 months before and 1 month after the study period, respectively. Data on four common gastrointestinal findings (esophageal varices, ulcers, polyps and tumors) were evaluated. Physicians' compliance with the new system was good, as reflected by a constant level of quality of reporting over time, although a very slight decline in the ratio of computer generated reports to the total number of examinations was noted. Structured reports had an 18 % missing data rate and contained 60 % more relevant information than free text reports, which had a 48 % missing data rate. No educational effect of the system was seen as missing data rates returned to pre-computerization levels just one month after the end of the study. It is concluded that menu-driven structured data entry systems result in production of far superior reports as compared to free text systems, probably due to their reminder effect.
MET Gene Copy Number in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular Analysis in a Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Naïve Cohort
Authors: Michèle Beau-Faller, Anne-Marie Ruppert, Anne-Claire Voegeli, Agnès Neuville, Nicolas Meyer, Eric Guerin, Michèle Legrain, Bertrand Mennecier, Jean-Marie Wihlm, Gilbert Massard, Elisabeth Quoix, Pierre Oudet, Marie P. Gaub
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Abstract 1107: MicroRNA-182 acts as a chemosensitizer in GBM by repressing Bcl2L12
Authors: Fotini M. Kouri, Yongfei Wu, Lynda Chin, Alexander H. Stegh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor, exhibiting high mortality rate and increased resistance to current forms of treatment. GBM development has been linked to deregulation of several signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bcl2-Like 12 (Bcl2L12) is a multi-functional glioma oncoprotein, which is over-expressed in the majority of GBM and regulates tumor progression and resistance to therapy-induced apoptosis. We identified, Bcl2L12 as a potent inhibitor of post-mitochondrial caspases and the p53 tumor suppressor. To dissect the cellular mechanisms that regulate Bcl2L12 expression and function, we interrogated whether Bcl2L12 is under the control of microRNAs (miRs). In silico analysis of 272 primary GBM samples of the TCGA dataset aimed to identify miRs displaying expression levels that anti-correlate with Bcl2L12 mRNA abundance, as such candidates represent potential Bcl2L12-targeting miRs. This approach revealed a significant anti-correlation between Bcl2L12 mRNA and miR-182 expression, preferentially in the proneural subtype, a GBM class with established low Bcl2L12 genomic amplification and mRNA expression and a longer survival compared to patients with mesenchymal, neural or classical tumors. Enforced expression of miR182 in various glioma cell lines confirmed robust downregulation of Bcl2L12 mRNA and protein levels, identified the miR-182 binding site within the 3′UTR of Bcl2L12, and documented that miR-mediated downregulation of Bcl2L12 is highly specific for miR182, but not for other related miRs, such as miR-96 and miR-183. Transfection of pre-miR-182 significantly sensitized cells to various anti-glioma therapeutics, via enhancement of effector caspase activation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that p53 regulates miR-182 levels. Taken together, our studies confirmed a Bcl2L12- miR-182 axis on genetic and biological levels, and identified miR182 as a potential therapeutic agent to halt GBM progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1107. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1107
S59 Dramatic decline in plasma small RNA concentration in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy: a putative biomarker of treatment response
Authors: I Honeyborne, C Eckold, SH Gillespie, M Lipman, A Pym, TD McHugh
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> Non-coding RNA molecules, particularly miRNA, regulate translation of mRNA and have been found to target expression of genes important in immune response, such as IFN-γ. Differences in blood transcriptome signatures and differential miRNA expression have been reported to discriminate between uninfected, active and latent tuberculosis. We analysed the ability of small RNA molecules (0–150 nucleotides) in blood plasma to act as biomarkers of tuberculosis treatment response. Total blood plasma small RNA (0–150 nucleotides) concentration was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) in 31 individuals before therapy (median 332pg μL<sup>-1</sup> plasma, range 93–1603pg μL<sup>-1</sup>) than at the end of therapy at week 24 (median 86pg μL<sup>-1</sup> plasma, range 16–1098pg μL<sup>-1</sup>). Expression analysis of small RNA genes revealed that, in 5 tuberculosis-infected HIV-1 negative individuals, 36 of 90 genes (&gt; 2-fold, p &lt; 0.05) were upregulated before compared to post-therapy completion. Hsa-miR-19b, 29a, 17–3p, 133a, small RNA concentration and SNORD61 were further tested and this analysis revealed that in 84% of individuals (n = 31) at least one of these biomarkers was upregulated &gt; 2 fold in active tuberculosis. Co-infection with HIV-1 was not found to change the expression of these six tested biomarkers.
Captopril Overdose and Hypotension-Reply
Authors: W. Lynn Augenstein
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Drs Morgan and Jones for their comments. Lisinopril (Zestril) had not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration at the time of submission of our manuscript to<i>JAMA</i>and was therefore not included in the list of approved angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Dr Jones is correct in that this case was unusual, and that is the reason we reported it. We agree, as pointed out in our article, that alprazolam may have contributed to the hypotension seen, but we feel that this was unlikely because (1) a MEDLINE search from 1966 to 1988 revealed no published cases of alprazolam therapy—induced hypotension and (2) the patient did not demonstrate signs of benzodiazepine toxic effects during the recurrent episodes of hypotension. We disapprove of the unsubstantiated leap from a questionable similarity of alprazolam to tricyclics to the toxic effects of tricyclics. This theoretical stretch has not