tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flock Worker's Lung
Authors: William S. Beckett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters6 April 1999Flock Worker's LungWilliam S. Beckett, MD, MPHWilliam S. Beckett, MD, MPHUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester, NY 14642 (Beckett)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kudos to Annals for publishing the scientific and the social background to flock worker's lung (1). For finding a new cause of lung fibrosis and daring to speak the truth despite threats from industry lawyers, Dr. Kern has already won the gratitude of his patients and the admiration of his colleagues. One worries what might have happened if a less principled investigator had been involved.But while the public health has been served, there has been too great a price to pay by the academic physician-scientist whose hospital and medical school fired him instead of promoting and ...References1. Kern DG, Crausman RS, Durand KT, Nayer A, Kuhn C 3d. Flock worker's lung: chronic interstitial lung disease in the nylon flocking industry. Google Scholar2. Schuchman M. Secrecy in science: the flock worker's lung investigation. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:341-4. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William S. Beckett, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester, NY 14642 (Beckett) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFlock Worker's Lung: Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease in the Nylon Flocking Industry David G. Kern , Robert S. Crausman , Kate T.H. Durand , Ali Nayer , and Charles Kuhn III Talking about Treatment: The Language of Populations and the Language of Individuals John F. Steiner Talking about Treatment John C. Peirce Toward Evidence-Based Statistics Steven Goodman Metrics 6 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 7Page: 615KeywordsGratitudeLungsPrevention, policy, and public healthPulmonary fibrosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 April 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Neonatal screening programme for phenylketonuria
Authors: K. Jolly
Journal: BMJ (1991)

conditions, f-ronti mild to severe.(iven that most patients have the tests offered to them, the decision about which tests shouldi be widely available becomes paramount.Which conditions arc considered to bc scrious enloLugh to warrant prenatal screeninig and suobsequent ter-mination?'\Xho should decide?As a first step towards a solution the views of scientists, clinicians, managers, and patients as swell as special interest groups, SLuch as those wNith disabilities, need to be determined.TFhe next task is to determine how these potentially conflicting views can be reflected in policy.Once a test is available how, when, and by whom should it be offered to increase the likelihood that the decision to undergo screening reflects more a woman's values and less the social influences inherent in medical consultations?Research on these issues is needed alongside the development of these tests to ensure that we do not become slaves to our own technological wizardry.
Fever Following Trauma in Childhood
Authors: Lynn T. Staheli
Journal: JAMA (1967)

FEVER following fractures of long bones is usually attributed to the resorption of the hematoma and the products of tissue damage. Despite the frequency of trauma and the extensive volume of medical literature on fever, this relationship has been inadequately documented. Knowledge of the frequency, onset, duration, and magnitude would be helpful in accessing the significance of fever in the postinjury period. The purpose of this study is to document this relationship in children. <h3>Materials</h3> The clinical courses of 78 children who had sustained unilateral closed fractures of the femoral shaft were studied. The children were in good health prior to the injury, and all were treated in either Bryant's or Russell's traction for a mean of 19 days prior to spica cast immobilization and discharge. Ages ranged from birth to 12 years with a peak incidence of fracture at 3 years of age and a gradual decline in frequency
Genetics of acquired long QT syndrome
Authors: D. M. Roden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The QT interval is the electrocardiographic manifestation of ventricular repolarization, is variable under physiologic conditions, and is measurably prolonged by many drugs. Rarely, however, individuals with normal base-line intervals may display exaggerated QT interval prolongation, and the potentially fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia torsade de pointes, with drugs or other environmental stressors such as heart block or heart failure. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this acquired or drug-induced form of long QT syndrome, describes approaches to the analysis of a role for DNA variants in the mediation of individual susceptibility, and proposes that these concepts may be generalizable to common acquired arrhythmias.
Bacterial Meningitis of the Newborn
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The following comments are in response to the article by Jones et al (236:2652).  Bacterial meningitis in the newborn is rare and usually caused by Gram-negative organisms. A series of recent reports has demonstrated the isolation and recognition of Grampositive organisms in both mother and child. These include group B streptococci,Listeria monocytogenes, and pneumococci. In our initial report of a case of fatal pneumococcal meningitis and endophthalmitis in a newborn whose mother was also infected,1we urged a greater interest in minor genital infections. Since then little progress has been made in our understanding of the incidence and prevalence of this problem, despite isolated case reports. Keys et al2demonstrated hematogenous spread of meningococcal organisms from the endocervical regions, and thus it must be assumed that transplacental transmission occurs primarily by this route and probably also by contiguous spread.  The report by Jones and
"Light Bulb" Bladder Due to Massive Lymphadenopathy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, ISMAIL O. ENGIN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A bone scan in an 84-year-old man who had prostate cancer revealed multiple osseous sites of focal activity that were consistent with metastases. In addition, the bladder was raised above the pubic bones. The bladder neck was constricted, giving the appearance of a light bulb. A radiographic contrast study and followup revealed that the effects were a result of massive lymphadenopathy from metastatic prostate cancer, with constriction of the lower bladder.
Scope and Heterogeneous Nature of MODY
Authors: Stefan S Fajans
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

This review summarizes aspects of the phenotypic expression, natural history, recognition, pathogenesis, and heterogeneous nature of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. There are differences in metabolic, hormonal, and vascular abnormalities in different ethnic groups and even among White pedigrees. In MODY patients with low insulin responses, there are delayed and decreased insulin and C-peptide secretory responses to glucose from childhood or adolescence even before glucose intolerance appears, which may represent the basic genetic defect. When followed for decades, nondiabetic siblings have normal insulin responses. The fasting hyperglycemia of some MODY patients has been treated successfully with sulfonylureas for up to 30 yr. In a few patients, after years or decades of diabetes, the insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose are so low that they resemble those of early insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The progression of the insulin secretory defect over time distinguishes between these two types of diabetes. In contrast are patients from families who have very high insulin responses to glucose, despite glucose intolerance and fasting hyperglycemia similar to that seen in patients with low insulin responses. In many of these patients, there is in vivo and in vitro evidence of insulin resistance. Whatever its mechanism, the compensatory insulin responses to nutrients must be insufficient to maintain normal carbohydrate tolerance. This suggests that diabetes occurs only in those patients who have an additional islet cell defect, i.e., insufficient β-cell reserve and secretory capacity. In a few MODY pedigrees with high insulin responses to glucose and lack of evidence of insulin resistance, a structurally abnormal mutant insulin molecule that is biologically ineffective is secreted. No associations have been found between specific HLA antigens and MODY in White, Black, and Asian pedigrees. Linkage studies of the insulin gene, insulin-receptor gene, erythrocyte/HepG2 glucose-transporter locus, and apolipoprotein B locus have shown no association with MODY. Vascular disease may be as prevalent as in conventional non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Because of autosomal-dominant transmission and penetrance at a young age, MODY is a good model for further investigations of etiologic and pathogenetic factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, including the use of genetic linkage strategies to identify diabetogenic genes.
A Tough Diagnosis in a Neutropenic Patient: It's Cat-Scratch Disease
Authors: Michael F. Flessner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I applaud the efforts of English et al<sup>1</sup>in their investigation of the etiology of cat-scratch disease. While it would appear to be a relatively benign disease, cat-scratch disease posed significant diagnostic dilemmas in the case of a 54-year-old woman. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient presented with a three-year history of refractory anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome with frequent periods of absolute neutropenia. She lived on a farm and frequently suffered minor trauma from her cats and from her activities on the farm. She was admitted to the National Institutes of Health after 11 days of a severe left-sided headache. On examination, she had no fever but did have marked tenderness in the left parietal area, neck, and temporomandibular area and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Her absolute neutrophil count was 972 and the sedimentation rate was 119 mm/h. A head computed tomogram showed swelling of the left
Pathology of chronic hepatitis C in children: Liver biopsy findings in the Peds-C Trial
Authors: Zachary D. Goodman, Hala R. Makhlouf, Lea Liu, William Balistreri, Regino P. Gonzalez-Peralta, Barbara Haber, Maureen M. Jonas, Parvathi Mohan, Jean P. Molleston, Karen F. Murray, Michael R. Narkewicz, Philip Rosenthal, Lesley J. Smith, Patricia R. Robuck, Kathleen B. Schwarz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

There is relatively little information in the literature on the histopathology of chronic hepatitis C in children. The Peds-C Trial, designed to test the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in children, provided an opportunity to examine liver biopsies from 121 treatment-naïve children, ages 2 to 16 (mean, 9.8 years) infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and with no other identifiable cause for liver disease, signs of hepatic decompensation, or another significant nonhepatic disease. Liver biopsies were scored for inflammation, fibrosis, steatosis, and other histological features. Inflammation in the biopsy was minimal in 42%, mild in 17%, moderate in 38%, and severe in only 3%. Five had bridging fibrosis, and 2 had cirrhosis. Steatosis was absent in 56%, minimal in 34%, and mild in 10%. Inflammation scores correlated with fibrosis scores, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and duration of infection, but not with age, body mass index z score, or HCV genotype. Fibrosis scores correlated with inflammation but not with age, HCV genotype, body mass index z score, or steatosis parameters. Steatosis correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels and body mass index z scores; overweight children had more fibrosis than the non-overweight. In conclusion, in this cohort of HCV-infected children, inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis were milder than reported for treatment-naïve adults with chronic hepatitis C, but there were several with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. The positive correlation of inflammation with duration of infection and fibrosis and of obesity with fibrosis suggest that children with chronic hepatitis C will be at risk for progressive liver disease as they age and possibly acquire other comorbid risk factors.
Abstract PR1: The role of the microenvironment protein cathelicidin LL-37 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bruno Sainz, Javier Frias, Michele Cioffi, Sonia Alcala, Christopher Heeschen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The tumor-associated microenvironment does not only provide structural support for tumor development, but more importantly the microenvironment provides cues to cancer initiating cells [i.e. cancer stem cells (CSC)] that regulate their self-renewal capacity and metastatic potential. Recent evidence also suggests that inflammatory molecules at the tumor-stroma interface may also play critical roles in the development and progression of numerous tumors, such as pancreatic cancer, and their effects may also be paracrine-mediated. Along these lines, we have discovered that the immuno-modulatory cationic antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP-18 or LL-37) is highly expressed in microenvironment resident cells (cancer-associated fibroblasts, infiltrating immune cells, and pancreatic stellate cells) of patients with pancreatic cancer. It is also secreted by primary human macrophages co-cultured with pancreatic CSCs. Intriguingly, LL-37 was not detectable in tissue from patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) suggesting a bilateral crosstalk between LL-37 producing cells and fully transformed cancer (stem) cells. As we have recently shown a strong role for the tumor stroma and microenvironment-secreted factors in pancreatic CSC self-renewal and invasiveness, LL-37 may represent a new and uncharacterized PDAC microenvironment factor that may play a critical role in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Indeed, treatment of pancreatic CSCs with LL-37 increased CSC pluripotency-associated gene expression, self-renewal, and invasion in vitro as well as tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. LL-37 exerted its biological functions through interaction with the G protein—coupled receptor, formyl peptide receptor—like 1, P2X(7) purinergic receptor. In addition, receptor independent activity was mediated by stabilization of the CXCR4 receptor in the cell membrane. Taken together, our data expands our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the tumor host interactions that perpetuate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Even more importantly, these studies identify a new tumor-specific factor for identifying malignant lesions in the pancreas and predicting patient outcome. Targeting of LL-37 could improve our therapeutic armamentarium against this deadly disease. This abstract is also presented as Poster A18. Citation Format: Bruno Sainz, Jr., Javier Frias, Michele Cioffi, Sonia Alcala, Christopher Heeschen. The role of the microenvironment protein cathelicidin LL-37 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR1.
An `Elegant' Radiotherapy Comes of Age
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

JACOB FABRIKANT, MD, gently places his right hand on the chest of the supine young man from eastern Africa and looks into his eyes through peepholes cut in the white polyform headgear, fitted over his face like a hockey goalie's mask.  Stop talking, you'll move, he cautions the patient, who is strapped down to a specially designed table, his head in a stereotaxis vise. Breathe regularly and breathe quietly. We'll be watching you on television.  Fabrikant, Mark Phillips, PhD, a physicist, and Myrtle Foster, a research associate, hurry from the room, the medical cave of the Lawrence Berkeley (Calif) Laboratory's synchrocyclotron facility. The patient is left alone, his head directly in line with the business end of a large cylindrical collimator.  Fabrikant sits down with the patient's charts and begins documenting. Phillips monitors a bank of eight video display terminal screens, relaying information to Fabrikant.  Fabrikant gives the order to
Characterization of Regional Influenza Seasonality Patterns in China and Implications for Vaccination Strategies: Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Surveillance Data
Authors: Hongjie Yu, Wladimir J. Alonso, Luzhao Feng, Yi Tan, Yuelong Shu, Weizhong Yang, Cécile Viboud
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

The complexity of influenza seasonal patterns in the inter-tropical zone impedes the establishment of effective routine immunization programs. China is a climatologically and economically diverse country, which has yet to establish a national influenza vaccination program. Here we characterize the diversity of influenza seasonality in China and make recommendations to guide future vaccination programs.
Salmonellosis and Shigellosis at Boston City Hospital
Authors: Maxwell Finland, Carol Garner, Clare Wilcox, Leon D. Sabath
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Tests for susceptibility to 57 antibacterial agents were carried out with recent isolates of salmonellae and shigellae from patients at Boston City Hospital. Except for small proportions of the strains ofSalmonellaresistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracyclines, and larger proportions of those ofShigellaresistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, the strains were uniformly susceptible, though in varying degrees, to each of the agents tested except sulfamethoxazole. These results do not support the basis for the recommendation to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to discontinue the use of certain antibacterial agents as feed supplements for growth promotion and increased feed efficiency in animals.  (JAMA229:1309-1312, 1974)
Abstract A66: NEDD9 promotes cell invasion through modulation of ARF6 activity and endocytic recycling
Authors: Elena N. Pugacheva, Yuriy Loskutov, Sarah McLaughlin, Polina Kozyulina, Varvara Kozyreva, Ryan Ice, Mark Culp, Robert Wysolmerski, Scott Weed, Alexey Ivanov
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The adhesion scaffolding protein NEDD9 was identified as potential pro-metastatic gene in several cancers. The molecular mechanisms of NEDD9-driven metastasis are still unknown. In this study, we show that expression of NEDD9 positively correlates with the invasive stage of breast cancer. We show that NEDD9 localizes to invadopodia and endosomes. Notably, NEDD9 depleted cells have increased levels of inactive surface receptors due to increase in fast recycling of Rab4 and Rab5 positive vesicles. Mechanistically, we found that NEDD9 binds to and scaffolds the Arf6 specific GAP - ASAP3, decreasing Arf6 activity. Thus, depletion of NEDD9 leads to activation of Arf6. Inhibition of Arf6 or re-expression of NEDD9 in shNEDD9 cells was sufficient to restore recycling rates, decrease the number of Rab4 and 5 positive vesicles and the invasive properties of tumor cells. Thus, in this work, we uncover the mechanistic basis of NEDD9-driven invasion and identify a new role for NEDD9 in Arf6-dependant endocytosis. Citation Format: Elena N. Pugacheva, Yuriy Loskutov, Sarah McLaughlin, Polina Kozyulina, Varvara Kozyreva, Ryan Ice, Mark Culp, Robert Wysolmerski, Scott Weed, Alexey Ivanov. NEDD9 promotes cell invasion through modulation of ARF6 activity and endocytic recycling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A66.
Response of Polycythemia to Treatment with a New Agent: Hydroxyurea.
Authors: W. O. West
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Response of Polycythemia to Treatment with a New Agent: Hydroxyurea.W. O. West, M.D., (Associate), J. D. Ruff, M.D., (Associate), J. W. Yarbro, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. O. West, M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, J. D. Ruff, M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, J. W. Yarbro, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-795_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of hydroxyurea in the management of polycythemia vera. Hydroxyurea is effective in the control of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It has recently been reported to produce marked improvement in patients with refractory psoriasis. It is a specific inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, acting at the level of conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, and its effectiveness as a inhibitor of erythropoiesis is demonstrated by the regular production of megaloblasts in the bone marrow. The earliest sign of therapy with hydroxyurea is a fall in the reticulocyte count which may be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. O. West, M.D., (Associate); J. D. Ruff, M.D., (Associate); J. W. Yarbro, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Lexington, Ky. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPolycythemia vera: historical oversights, diagnostic details, and therapeutic viewsMyeloproliferative neoplasms: A decade of discoveries and treatment advancesThe history of myeloproliferative disorders: before and after Dameshek 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 795-795KeywordsBone marrowChronic myelogenous leukemiaErythropoiesisFallsPolycythemiaPolycythemia veraPsoriasisReticulocytesSafetySafety studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
The absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes across the healthy and the diseased human colonic mucosa measured in vitro
Authors: E. Q. Archampong, J. Harris, C. G. Clark
Journal: Gut (1972)

An ;in-vitro' technique is described for measuring quantitatively the absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes, the short circuiting current, and the simultaneous bidirectional flux rates of ions across the healthy and diseased colonic mucosa. The results show that the normal colon absorbs both sodium and water and secretes potassium. In both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease there is a reversal of sodium and water flux and potassium secretion is increased.A measure of the simultaneous bidirectional flux rates under conditions of zero potential has allowed us to use the Ussing equation to analyse some of the factors involved in sodium transport across the healthy and diseased mucosa.