tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a novel colonoscope with extra-wide angle of view: a clinical study
Authors: Toshio Uraoka, Shinji Tanaka, Shiro Oka, Takahisa Matsuda, Yutaka Saito, Tomohiko Moriyama, Reiji Higashi, Takayuki Matsumoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Lesions may be missed during colonoscopy because of anatomical features such as mucosal folds. This feasibility study assessed the safety and efficacy of a novel colonoscope with extra-wide angle of view, which provides a simultaneous lateral-backward view to complement the forward view. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy using the prototype colonoscope were enrolled in this multicenter, single-arm study. The number of adverse events, and the first detection of adenomas during withdrawal by the lateral-backward view and the forward view were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> A total of 47 patients underwent colonoscopy examination to the cecum. The mean insertion and withdrawal times were 6.4 ± 4.9 minutes and 8.6 ± 4.2 minutes, respectively. Of 47 detected polyps, 28 adenomatous polyps were found (mean size 3.3 ± 3.1 mm). A total of 29 polyps (61.7 %) and 16 adenomatous polyps (57.1 %) were first detected with the lateral-backward view. The lateral-backward view first detected 5/6 adenomatous polyps (83.3 %) in the ascending colon and all (2/2) adenomatous polyps in the sigmoid colon. No adverse events occurred during the study. <b>Conclusions: </b>This exploratory study suggested that a novel colonoscope with extra-wide angle of view is safe and feasible, and has the potential to improve colorectal adenoma detection. Trial register: UMIN000016450
Let's Make a Deal
Authors: H G Welch, E S Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Many have proposed blueprints for a new U.S. health care system, but few have focused on the process of designing a house we all can live in. Perhaps because we physicians are both providers and potential patients, we have as large a stake as anyone in the final design. Because others foot most of the bills, however, we will not get exactly what we want. In this commentary, the current struggle for reform is viewed as a negotiation, despite the lack of an obvious negotiating table and clearly identified negotiators. We draw on recent work in conflict resolution to propose . . .
Perforation of the Perineum during Labour
Authors: J. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

cases.Not a few of these were removed many years ago with Clover's aspirator, which I was in the habit of using to discover and remove these small bodies.Thus, among many other cases in my collection is one, in 1872, of 500 small concretions, weighin together a drachm or more, all thus removed, but never recorded as an operation for stone.It was an operation for gravel, a pro- ceeding which Dr. Freyer appears to ignore; for one of the cases in which he has merely washed out a particle weighing 2 grains, is actually recorded as an "operation for stone!" lIe says, and rightly, that there is no hard-and-fast line in the matter of weight between stone and concretion.Then, if a 2-grain stone be ad- missible, why not a 1-grain, or a -4-grain stone, or less, if the patient fails to pass it naturally?is there henceforth to be no operation for gravel or concretion, in order that stone operations may be multiplied?But Dr. Freyer quotes a definition of stone I formerly made, and says I have recently modified it.That is precisely the course I desired to take, and intimated it in my lecture in autumn 1887.When making the first, I confess I never supposed any English surgeon was likely so to construe it as to regard a tiny piece of gravel as " a stone in the bladder."The intention which prompted the later remarks-and I had a very distinct one-pointed quite in a different direction.Hence it was a matter of astonishment and severe disappointment to me, who respected and admired Dr.
Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and atopy in Fijian and Indian children.
Authors: M G Flynn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Hospital admission rates for asthma in the 5 to 14 yr age group are three times higher in Fiji Indians than in Melanesian Fijians. Conversely, admission rates for pneumonia are three times higher for Fijians than Indians. To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and atopy, a questionnaire in three languages was distributed to 2,173 Suva City school children (mean age 9.6 yr), half of whom were sampled for histamine inhalation and skin-prick allergen tests. Prevalence of wheeze in the previous 12 mo was identical in both ethnic groups (20.6%). Productive cough was more common in Fijians (29%) than Indians (17%, p < 0.0001). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was twice as common in Indians (30%) as Fijians (15%), relative risk 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 to 2.8), p < 0.0001. The combination of current wheeze and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in nearly three times as many Indian children (11.3%) as Fijians (4.0%), and the mean bronchial dose-response slope to histamine was steeper in Indians than Fijians. Prevalence of atopy was similar in Fijians (36%) and Indians (38%). Wheeze was significantly associated with atopy and a steeper dose-response slope to histamine, but productive cough was not. Indians may have more severe asthma than Fijians due to genetic or environmental factors acting independently of atopy. The higher prevalence of productive cough in Fijians is consistent with a greater burden of respiratory infection, and is associated with domestic crowding.
Chitinase 3-like-1 Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Killing and Augments Host Tolerance to Lung Antibacterial Responses
Authors: Charles S. Dela Cruz, Wei Liu, Chuan Hua He, Adam Jacoby, Alex Gornitzky, Bing Ma, Richard Flavell, Chun Geun Lee, Jack A. Elias
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Use of Banked Autologous Blood in Elective Surgery
Authors: Melvin M. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Transfusion of banked autologous blood was used for intraoperative and postoperative blood replacement in 178 patients. Up to 4 units of blood can safely be drawn within ten days before operation. Each phlebotomy was followed by the intravenous administration of 250 mg of iron dextran injection (Imferon) to furnish the bone marrow with adequate iron for red blood cell replacement. All patients came to surgery with hemoglobin levels greater than 10 gm/100 ml and hematocrit values greater than 30%. None showed clinical evidence of blood volume depletion. Autologous transfusion avoids almost all of the problems associated with homologous transfusion; most importantly, it avoids transmission of hepatitis.
p66Shc Links α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptors to a Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent AKT-FOXO3A Phosphorylation Pathway in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Jianfen Guo, Zoya Gertsberg, Nazira Ozgen, Susan F. Steinberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

p66Shc is an adapter protein that is induced by hypertrophic stimuli and has been implicated as a major regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cardiovascular oxidative stress responses. This study implicates p66Shc in an α 1 -adrenergtic receptor (α 1 -AR) pathway that requires the cooperative effects of protein kinase (PK)Cε and PKCδ and leads to AKT-FOXO3a phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. α 1 -ARs promote p66Shc-YY 239/240 phosphorylation via a ROS-dependent mechanism that is localized to caveolae and requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PKCε activity. α 1 -ARs also increase p66Shc-S 36 phosphorylation via an EGFR transactivation pathway involving PKCδ. p66Shc links α 1 -ARs to an AKT signaling pathway that selectively phosphorylates/inactivates FOXO transcription factors and downregulates the ROS-scavenging protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD); the α 1 -AR-p66Shc-dependent pathway involving AKT does not regulate GSK3. Additional studies show that RNA interference-mediated downregulation of endogenous p66Shc leads to the derepression of FOXO3a-regulated genes such as MnSOD, p27Kip1, and BIM-1. p66Shc downregulation also increases proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that p66Shc exerts an antihypertrophic action in neonatal cardiomyocytes. The novel α 1 -AR- and ROS-dependent pathway involving p66Shc identified in this study is likely to contribute to cardiomyocyte remodeling and the evolution of heart failure.
Diagnosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome by positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Report of two cases treated by defibrotide
Authors: Mathieu Gauthé, Laurence Bozec, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a potentially fatal liver injury that mainly occurs after myeloablative chemotherapy. We report two cases of SOS investigated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and treated with defibrotide. (Hepatology 2014;60:1789–1791)
Points from letters: Mercury perchloride in surgery of bowel cancer
Authors: C. L. Heanley
Journal: BMJ (1967)

previously thought in young diabetics.I wish to record a recent case.A 12-year-old girl, a known diabetic for six months, had been controlled on 42 units of lente insulin daily.On the day of admission she had received her insulin and was complaining of faintness and vomiting.On examination she was ketotic and dehydrated.Urine sugar was 2% and acetone + + +.Her maximum blood sugar was 253 mg./100 ml., serum sodium 110 mEq/l., the serum potassium 4.6 mEq/l., and serum bicarbonate 3.5 mEq/l.On venepuncture the blood was pink and greasy.The serum was milky in appearance.She was treated with soluble insulin and intravenous infusion.Her serum cholesterol was 830 mg./100 ml. on the first day, and on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days was 225 mg./100 ml., 272 mg./100 ml., and 172 mg./100 ml., respectively.This case of diabetic lipaemia occurred in a girl well until 24 hours prior to admission, and cleared after two days.She has remained well since on only 60 units of lente insulin daily.
Elevation of Depressed Skull Fracture and Frontal Topectomy Under Hypnotic Anesthesia
Authors: Som N. Nayyar
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THERE IS EVIDENCE that ancient civilizations induced anesthesia for surgical purposes by hypnotic suggestion. Systematic and extensive use of hypnotic anesthesia for surgery dates from James Esdaile, an English surgeon working in India. He performed hundreds of procedures under hypnosis before the discovery of general anesthesia in the 1840's A great variety of general surgical, dental, and obstetrical procedures have been successfully performed without difficulty and without discomfort to the patient under hypnosis. However, hypnotic anesthesia is used sparingly despite its obvious advantages. This is due in part to the great advances in pharmacologie anesthesia, and to some special difficulties which attend the use of hypnosis for anesthesia. For example, lengthy training sessions are usually required to insure adequate anesthesia, and many surgical candidates can not attain such a state, or even be hypnotized. However, hypnosis has properties that make it the anesthesia of choice in special situations. This report
Countries agree to spell out plans on climate change after fraught talks in Peru
Authors: J. Vidal
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hopes for a new, legally binding global agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are higher after a United Nations climate summit in Peru. But countries have left themselves a mountain of tricky negotiations, as they ducked the fraught issues of how deep the cuts should be and how much money will be made available to help poor countries adapt.

The Lima conference, held from 1 to 14 December, was the last full ministerial meeting before the Paris conference in November 2015, when all countries are expected to sign up to a new treaty. However, what were expected to be relatively straightforward negotiations—after the United States and China, the world’s two biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, agreed their positions in advance—overran the schedule …
Wear and tear injuries in athletes--an overview.
Authors: J. G. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

Governments and Governmental organisations are currently encouraging people to take part in exercise, and particularly competitive exercise, without apparent regard to one inevitable consequence, an increasing incidence of injuries.By definition physical exercise involves stress which is being applied through sport to more and more people.Figures made available by the Central Council of Physical Recreation some time ago indicate the enormous growth in participation in sporting activities.Practically every sport in the U.K. nowadays, from judo through archery to squash, is claiming to be the major growth sport.More and more people, as they do less and less physical work to earn their livings, are doing more and more physical work to earn a feeling of fitness, to sleep well and so on, and they are doing it through sport.Sport, by applying stress to the body will produce an intended training effect, that is to say improve the capacity of the body to cope with that stress.Man is a homeostatic creature in that he likes to keep his internal environment constant.When he takes exercise he disturbs the basic resting internal environment, and all the physiological changes which take place as a result of exercise are designed to restore the "milieu interieur" to its resting state.The borderline between the training load that induces the right level of stress to produce a training effect and the training load that is too stressful and produces injury is very ill- defined.
Antagonistic activities of the immunomodulator and PP2A-activating drug FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya) in Jak2-driven hematologic malignancies
Authors: Joshua J. Oaks, Ramasamy Santhanam, Christopher J. Walker, Steve Roof, Jason G. Harb, Greg Ferenchak, Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld, James R. Van Brocklyn, Roger Briesewitz, Sahar A. Saddoughi, Kyosuke Nagata, Robert Bittman, Michael A. Caligiuri, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Ross Levine, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, John M. Goldman, Jane Apperley, Alistair Reid, Dragana Milojkovic, Mark T. Ziolo, Guido Marcucci, Besim Ogretmen, Paolo Neviani, Danilo Perrotti
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 4604: Roscovitine modulates ERα/ERβ ratio: A novel means to target hormonal therapy resistance
Authors: Binoj Chandrasekharan Nair, Mary Morales, Hareesh Babu Bhaskaran Nair, Sreeram Vallabhaneni, Rong Li, Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal, Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Current endocrine therapy for ER+ve breast cancer involves modulating ERα-pathway using either ERα-antagonists or aromatase inhibitors. Despite the positive effects, de novo and/or acquired resistance to endocrine therapies frequently occur. Although mechanisms for hormonal therapy resistance remains elusive, emerging data implicate ER-growth factor signaling cross talk, and alteration in ER subtypes as the major causes of resistance. Most downstream events in the resistance pathways converge upon modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins; the most conspicuous of which is the activation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) pathway. Roscovitine is one of the most frequently studied and used CDK2 inhibitor. In this study, we examined whether roscovitine confers tumor suppressive advantage to therapy resistant breast epithelial cells by inhibiting CDK functions using three therapy resistant model cells; (a) MCF-7-Tam (acquired Tamoxifen resistance model); (b) MCF-7-CA-LTLT (acquired Letrozole resistance model); (c) MCF-7-HER2 (ER-growth factor signaling cross talk model). Roscovitine at 10 μM concentration substantially reduced the growth of all three resistant model cells in cell proliferation and foci formation assays. FACS analysis revealed that roscovitine treatment increased proportion of cells in G2-M. To increase the drug efficacy, we have developed PLGA nanoparticles containing roscovitine and this mode of delivery significantly reduced the dosage needed to see the growth inhibitory effect in therapy resistant cells to 500 nM. To determine the mechanism, we have determined the relationship between CDK activity, expression of ERα, β subtypes, ER-coregulators, and expression of ER target genes in the presence or absence of roscovitine in resistant cells. Roscovitine substantially affected CDK2 activity and decreased cyclin A levels in the model cells. These studies also revealed an unexpected discovery that CDK inhibitor roscovitine has potential to alter the ratio of ER isoforms with preferential upregulation of ERβ expression with concomitant down regulation of ERα, its coregulators including AIB1 and PELP1. Since many advanced and therapy resistant tumors exhibit loss or reduced expression of ERβ, dual action of roscovitine will provide a novel drug to inhibit both CDKs and to increase the expression of tumor suppressor ERβ. Since deregulation of cell cycle machinery and estrogen receptor signaling contributes to resistance, roscovitine a drug that attacks both these pathways will serve as a double-edged sword to interfere with the resistance mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4604.
Requirement for interleukin-12 in the pathogenesis of warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Alex B. Lentsch, Hiroyuki Yoshidome, Atsushi Kato, Roscoe L. Warner, William G. Cheadle, Peter A. Ward, Michael J. Edwards
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion causes neutrophil-dependent liver injury. Although the mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver neutrophil recruitment are somewhat understood, less is known regarding the early events that initiate the inflammatory injury. Using a murine model of partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion, we evaluated the role of endogenous interleukin (IL)-12 in this inflammatory response. Hepatic ischemia for 90 minutes and reperfusion for up to 4 hours resulted in hepatocyte expression of IL-12. By 8 hours of reperfusion there were large increases in serum levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). In addition, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion caused significant increases in liver neutrophil recruitment, hepatocellular injury, and liver edema, as defined by liver myeloperoxidase content, serum alanine aminotransferase, and liver wet to dry weight ratios, respectively. In mice treated with neutralizing antibody to IL-12 and in mice deficient in the IL-12 p40 gene, ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases in IFNγ and TNFα were greatly diminished. These conditions also caused significant reductions in liver myeloperoxidase content and attenuated the parameters of liver injury. The data suggest that IL-12 is required for the full induction of injury after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion.
Echocardiographic features of the interventricular septum in chronic constrictive pericarditis.
Authors: J Candell-Riera, H García del Castillo, G Permanyer-Miralda, J Soler-Soler
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Echocardiographic characteristics of the interventricular septum (IVS) have been studied in eight patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis (CP). Values of septal thickening (ST) were clearly below normal in all cases. Interventricular septal systolic motion (IVSSM) was normal in four cases, hypokinetic in three and paradoxical in one. In seven out of the eight patients, an early interventricular septal diastolic motion (IVSDM) consisting of a sudden anterior displacement followed by a brisk posterior rebound was recorded. The beginning of this anomalous movement was coincident with the pericardial knock in the phonocardiogram and its peak was coincident with the simultaneously recorded deep "y" trough in the jugular pulse tracing. The tendency toward normality of IVSDM observed after pericardiectomy in six out of seven patients suggests that this peculiar interventricular septal systolic motion may be a frequent and probably specific echocardiographic finding in constrictive pericarditis.
Mechanism of Thyroid Stimulation of Metabolism
Authors: MAURICE B. STRAUSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 May 1971Mechanism of Thyroid Stimulation of MetabolismMAURICE B. STRAUSS, M.D.MAURICE B. STRAUSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-793 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThyroid hormones exert effects on virtually every organ and tissue of the body, alter many enzymes, restore growth in thyroidectomized animals, and cause the metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs.Seventy-five years after Magnus-Levy (1) discovered that thyroid extract increased oxygen consumption ("metabolism") in both hypothyroid and euthyroid individuals, the mechanism of this phenomenon was still a mystery. Now, Ismail-Beigi and Edelman (2) have come forward with a new and exciting hypothesis suggesting that much of the increase in oxygen consumption that occurs in tissue slices of animals treated with thyroid hormone is caused by an increase in energy utilization by...References1. MAGNUS-LEVY A: Uber den respiratorischen Gaswechsel unter den Einfluss der Thyroidea sowie unter verschiedenden pathologischen Zustanden. Berlin Klin Wschr 32:650-652, 1895 Google Scholar2. ISMAIL-BEIGIEDELMAN FI: Mechanism of thyroid calorigenesis: role of active sodium transport. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 67:1071-1078, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WHITTAM R: The interdependence of metabolism and active transport, in The Cellular Functions of Membrane Transport, edited by HOFFMAN JF. New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964, p. 139 Google Scholar4. BERLINER R: Outline of renal physiology, in Diseases of the Kidney, edited by STRAUSS MB, WELT LG. Boston, Little Brown and Co., 1963, p. 56 Google Scholar5. VALCANATIMIRAS TP: Effect of hypothyroidism on ionic metabolism and Na-K activated ATP phosphohydrolase activity in the developing rat brain. J Neurochem 16:935-943, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. WELTSACHSMCMANUS LJT: An ion transport defect in erythrocytes from uremic patients. Trans Ass Amer Physicians 77:169-181, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar7. COLEBALFEWELT CJL: Induction of a ouabain-sensitive ATPase defect by uremic plasma. Trans Ass Amer Physicians 81:213-220, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInfluence ofl-thyroxine upon enzymatic activity in the renal tubular epithelium of the rat under normal conditions and in mercury-induced lesionsEffects of L-Thyroxine in acute renal failureReferences 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 793-794KeywordsEnzyme metabolismEnzymesOxygen consumptionThyroidThyroid hormonesThyroidectomy Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...