tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD30 expression on circulating memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as a Th2‐dominated situation in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. Yamamoto, Y. Adachi, Y. Onoue, H. Kanegane, T. Miyawaki, M. Toyoda, T. Seki, M. Morohashi
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Th2 clones have been reported to express CD30 preferentially, but whether T cells producing Th2‐type cytokines may favor CD30 expression in the in vivo state remains unknown. We investigated the expression of CD30 on circulating T cells in atopic dermatitis (AD) as a Th2‐dominated disorder. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prepared from 51 AD patients and 14 nonatopic controls, and their phenotypes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Cytokine production by stimulated CD4 + T cells was also assessed by the single‐cell‐staining method. Flow cytometric analysis clearly revealed that CD30 + T cells were identifiable in the blood of AD patients with greater frequency compared to controls. The important finding was that CD30 expression was restricted to a small but substantial population of memory (CD45RO + ) CD4 + T cells, but not CD8 + ones. In AD patients, it was demonstrated that the percentages of CD30 + cells within CD45RO + CD4 + T cells correlated well with the disease severity, serum IgE levels, peripheral eosinophil counts, and tendency toward Th2‐dominant cytokine pattern as determined by the ratio of interleukin‐4 to interferon‐gamma production. This study suggests that CD30 expression in circulating T cells might serve as an in vivo marker for the Th2‐dominated condition.
Translational Control of Hemoglobin Synthesis in Thalassemic Bone Marrow
Authors: Gabriel Cividalli, David G. Nathan, Harvey F. Lodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Previous studies of β-thalassemic reticulocytes have implied a decreased amount of functional β-mRNA but unimpaired translation of the β-mRNA present. However, the β/α synthetic ratios in β-thalassemic marrow are higher than those observed in reticulocytes of the same patients. This could imply that marrow cells contain an abnormally functioning β-mRNA no longer active in reticulocytes. To test the function of mRNA found in marrow, intact cells were incubated with [35S]methionine and the relative amounts of nascent α- and β-chains on polysomes of different sizes were measured by tryptic digestion and determination of the specific activities of the respective peptides. Results showed that in normal and β-thalassemic marrow, as well as in reticulocytes, β-chain production, though deficient, occurs predominantly on larger polysomes than the production of α-chains. In one patient with severe thalassemia and very little production of β-chains in marrow or reticulocytes, δ-chain synthesis was found predominantly on larger polysomes than α-chain synthesis. These results indicate that in β-thalassemic as well as in nonthalassemic marrow and reticulocytes, each β- and δ-mRNA initiates protein synthesis at a rate faster than does each α-mRNA, and suggest that the β-mRNA in contact with polyribosomes is normally functioning but quantitatively deficient in β-thalassemic marrow as well as in reticulocytes. No translational defect was detected in a similar study performed in reticulocytes of a patient with hemoglobin H disease, suggesting a normally functioning mRNA in contact with polyribosomes in this condition as well. In both thalassemias, unbalanced synthesis of α- and β-chains was more pronounced on polysomes than in completed chains. This difference possibly reflects a compensatory delay in translation of the nonthalassemic chain, which is present in excess.
Exposure to Metal-Rich Particulate Matter Modifies the Expression of Candidate MicroRNAs in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Valentina Bollati, Barbara Marinelli, Pietro Apostoli, Matteo Bonzini, Francesco Nordio, Mirjam Hoxha, Valeria Pegoraro, Valeria Motta, Letizia Tarantini, Laura Cantone, Joel Schwartz, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Andrea Baccarelli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAltered patterns of gene expression mediate the effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health, but mechanisms through which PM modifies gene expression are largely undetermined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, noncoding small RNAs that regulate the expression of broad gene networks at the posttranscriptional level.ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of exposure to PM and PM metal components on candidate miRNAs (miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146a) related with oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in 63 workers at an electric-furnace steel plant.MethodsWe measured miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146a expression in blood leukocyte RNA on the first day of a workweek (baseline) and after 3 days of work (postexposure). Relative expression of miRNAs was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We measured blood oxidative stress (8-hydroxyguanine) and estimated individual exposures to PM1 (< 1 μm in aerodynamic diameter), PM10 (< 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter), coarse PM (PM10 minus PM1), and PM metal components (chromium, lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, manganese) between the baseline and postexposure measurements.ResultsExpression of miR-222 and miR-21 (using the 2−ΔΔCT method) was significantly increased in postexposure samples (miR-222: baseline = 0.68 ± 3.41, postexposure = 2.16 ± 2.25, p = 0.002; miR-21: baseline = 4.10 ± 3.04, postexposure = 4.66 ± 2.63, p = 0.05). In postexposure samples, miR-222 expression was positively correlated with lead exposure (β = 0.41, p = 0.02), whereas miR-21 expression was associated with blood 8-hydroxyguanine (β = 0.11, p = 0.03) but not with individual PM size fractions or metal components. Postexposure expression of miR-146a was not significantly different from baseline (baseline = 0.61 ± 2.42, postexposure = 1.90 ± 3.94, p = 0.19) but was negatively correlated with exposure to lead (β = −0.51, p = 0.011) and cadmium (β = −0.42, p = 0.04).ConclusionsChanges in miRNA expression may represent a novel mechanism mediating responses to PM and its metal components.
High-Dose Overnight Dexamethasone Testing and Intercurrent Illness
Authors: ROBERT P. CASTELLUCCI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1987High-Dose Overnight Dexamethasone Testing and Intercurrent IllnessROBERT P. CASTELLUCCI, M.D., JAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.ROBERT P. CASTELLUCCI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-332_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent report has noted that a high-dose (8 mg) overnight dexamethasone suppression test is helpful in separating patients with hypercortisolism due to Cushing's disease from those with adrenocortical tumors or ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion (1). It is well known that stress may result in serum Cortisol levels that are not suppressible by overnight testing with 1 mg of dexamethasone (2). The effect of high-dose overnight dexamethasone in stressed patients, however, has not been described.We recently saw a 65-year-old man who 1 month previously had had a right hemicolectomy and subsequent chemotherapy with fluorouracil for a...References1. TYRRELLFINDLINGARONFITZGERALDFORSHAM JJDPP. An overnight high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for rapid differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:180-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSE R. Psychoendocrinology. In: WILSON JD, FOSTER DW, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1985:662-3. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT P. CASTELLUCCI, M.D.; JAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.Affiliations: McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center Richmond, VA 23249 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1987Volume 106, Issue 2Page: 332-332KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneChemotherapyColectomyCortisolDexamethasone suppression test ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Genocidal Mentality: Nazi Holocaust and Nuclear Threat
Authors: Keith Berndtson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book is interesting, frightening, wise, and important. In another highly provocative collaborative effort, this time with sociologist Eric Markusen, psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton has succeeded in warning citizens of the world not to fall asleep on nuclear weapons issues. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has pushed back the minutehand on its doomsday clock, US-Soviet relations are starting to warm-up, and brakes are starting to be applied to the arms race, but in reading this book, it is clear that our confrontation with nuclear weapons has only just begun. Careful to delineate differences as well as similarities, the book reflects on the Nazi genocide to help us better understand how modern societies can create and maintain nuclear weapons systems and strategies capable of species genocide. Like the Nazi experience, the process whereby ordinary people become cogs in the wheels that drive a potentially genocidal system for amassing and deploying nuclear weapons is sustained by certain psychological mechanisms that protect the individuals involved from inwardly acknowledging the real or potential harmful effects that
Prognostic importance of serum sodium concentration and its modification by converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
Authors: W H Lee, M Packer
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Although past reports have identified a variety of prognostic factors in patients with severe chronic heart failure, previous studies have not evaluated the interaction of prognostic variables and drug treatment. We analyzed the association of 30 clinical, hemodynamic, and biochemical variables with survival in 203 consecutive patients with severe heart failure; all variables were assessed just before initiation of treatment with a variety of vasodilator drugs, and all patients were subsequently followed for 6 to 94 months. By regression analysis, pretreatment serum sodium concentration was the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality, with hyponatremic patients having a substantially shorter median survival than did patients with a normal serum sodium concentration (164 vs 373 days, p = .006). The unfavorable prognosis for hyponatremic patients appeared to be related to the marked elevation of plasma renin activity that we noted in these individuals (10.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml/hr), since hyponatremic patients fared significantly better when treated with angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors than when treated with vasodilator drugs that did not interfere with angiotensin II biosynthesis (median survival 232 vs 108 days, p = .003). In contrast, there was no selective benefit of converting-enzyme inhibition on the survival of patients with a normal serum sodium concentration, in whom plasma renin activity was low (1.9 +/- 0.3 ng/ml/hr). This interaction between serum sodium concentration, drug treatment, and long-term outcome suggests that the renin-angiotensin system may exert a deleterious effect on the survival of some patients with chronic heart failure, which can be antagonized by converting enzyme inhibition, and provides a clinical counterpart for the similar prognostic role that has been postulated for angiotensin II in experimental preparations of heart failure.
Cause of Mental Disorders: A Review of Epidemiological Knowledge
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Medicine has virtually conquered the infectious diseases, is well on the way to a conquest of the degenerative diseases, and is beginning to focus attention on mental disorders. This latter group stands at approximately the same place in our knowledge as the infectious diseases did in the days of Abraham Lincoln. Long years of painstaking study have to precede any attempt at an epidemiological answer to the causes of diseases which afflict men's minds. The Milbank Memorial Fund is to be congratulated on their symposium in 1959 by outstanding workers in the field of mental epidemiology. The 8 papers which were presented at this symposium, together with their bibliographies and discussion sections, are a milestone in this special quest. While at times they are highly technical, statistical, and stiff reading, by and large their presentation is excellent. The organization of the symposium is such that it proceeds from a discussion
AIDS: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: John Phair
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>AIDS: Pathogenesis and Treatment</i>is part of the Immunology Series published by Marcel Dekker under the direction of the editor-in-chief, Noel Rose. Jay Levy is the editor of this volume, which brings together reviews of the major topics relevant to the epidemiology, virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2. The majority of the authors are members of the faculty at the University of California—San Francisco, but there are also contributions from Nathan Clumeck, who reviews the African situation; Warren Johnson and Jean Pape, who discuss the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Haiti; Arnold Robason, who contributes a chapter on the molecular virology of the retrovirus as a basis for designing therapy; and Maurice Hilliman, who describes efforts to develop a vaccine. This is a useful compendium of information regarding HIV disease. The chapter by Levy represents an extremely good review of the
CONSERVATISM IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULAR JOINT DISEASE.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Sau Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: JAMES E. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The days of conservatism, to judge from a perusal of our medical journals, seem almost to have passed; for no sooner does a student gain the magical cognomen of M.D. than he seeks fields and pastures new where he may acquire local if not world-wide fame. He seeks this, not in the direction of honest, hard, painstaking clinical work but only too often sees his chance in some major operation, requiring not alone judgment in its planning but experience in perceiving its necessity. Too often in his endeavors to count his majors by the tens or hundreds he loses sight of the main object of his art, which is to save nature's organs intact as far as is compatible with health and life, and errs in his enthusiasm wilfully if not criminally in producing mutilations that cause older and more conservative surgeons to shudder in dismay. Thus it is that
Hyperoxaluria and Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: Stephen G. Gelfand, Alan I. Taranto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 November 1973Hyperoxaluria and Meckel's DiverticulumSTEPHEN G. GELFAND, M.D., ALAN I. TARANTO, M.D.STEPHEN G. GELFAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN I. TARANTO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-748_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The association of hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis secondary to disease and resection of the distal ileum was recently described by Smith, Fromm, and Hofmann (1). While with the U.S. Army at Red-stone Arsenal, Alabama, we observed a patient with marked hyperoxaluria and bilateral nephrolithiasis associated with a large Meckel's diverticulum. After surgical resection of the diverticulum, urinary oxalate excretion returned to normal.In March 1971, a 46-year-old man had spinal X rays for back pain that showed degenerative changes and bilateral nephrolithiasis confirmed by intravenous pyelogram. The patient gave no history of symptomatic renal calculi. Urinalysis, blood urea...References1. SMITHFROMMHOFMANN LHA: Acquired hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and intestinal disease. N Engl J Med 286:1371-1375, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HOFMANNTHOMASSMITH APL: Pathogenesis of secondary hyperoxaluria in patients with ileal resection and diarrhea (abstract). Gastroenterology 58:960, 1970 Google Scholar3. HOFMANNTACKERFROMM AMH: Acquired hyperoxaluria and intestinal disease. Evidence that bile acid glycine is not a precursor of oxalate. Mayo Clin Proc 8:35-42, 1973 Google Scholar4. ADMIRANDEARNESTWILLIAMS WDH: Hyperoxaluria and bowel disease. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 84:307-312, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. CHADWICKMODHADOWLING VKR: Mechanism for hyperoxaluria in patients with ileal dysfunction. N Engl J Med 289:172-176, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. STAUFFERHUMPHREYSWEIR JMG: Acquired hyperox aluria with regional enteritis after ileal resection. Ann Intern Med 79:383-391, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 748-749KeywordsBloodExcretionIleumIntravenous pyelographyKidney stonesLower back painSurgical resectionUrea Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Experience of a Massachusetts Perinatal Center
Authors: Robert A. Knuppel, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Charles J. Ingardia, Kenneth A. Kappy, Joseph L. Kennedy, Marguerite J. Herschel, Gretchen Aumann, Marian Lake, Anthony J. Sbarra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has encouraged regionalization of maternity and newborn care to achieve its goal of reducing infant mortality to 10 per thousand live births. Regionalization is based on early recognition of and treatment for the mother and infant at risk for disability or death. This approach entails the development of a cooperative system that makes maximum use of highly trained personnel and facilities with reasonable cost effectiveness. Recent improvements in the quality of care to infants at risk, particularly those weighing less than 1500 g, have stimulated an increase in the number of intensive-care nurseries . . .
OP0274 Recommendations for Screening and Detection of Connective-Tissue Disease Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: D. Khanna, H. Gladue, J. Fitzgerald, R. Channick, L. Chung, O. Distler, D. Furst, E. Hachulla, M. Humbert, D. Langelben, S. Mathai, R. Saggar, S. Visovatti, V. McLaughlin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects up to 15% of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and is one of the leading causes of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Previous recommendationswere developed as part of larger efforts in PAH and did not provide detailed recommendations in CTD-PAH. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD-PAH using rigorous data-driven and consensus-building methodology. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a systematic review for the screening and diagnosis of PAH in CTD by searching available databases. Using the RAND/UCLA methodology, we developed case scenarios followed by 2 stages of voting—first one was voted anonymously by 10 international experts on 1 (inappropriate) -9 (appropriate) scale and 2<sup>nd</sup> voting after face-to-face meeting. <h3>Results</h3> The key recommendations include: All patients with SSc should be screened for PAH. MCTD or other CTD’s with scleroderma features (referred hereon as scleroderma-spectrum disorders) should be screened similar to patients with SSc. Screening of asymptomatic patients is not recommended for MCTD or other CTD patients without features of scleroderma. RHC is mandatory for diagnosis of PAH. Acute vasodilator testing is not required as part of the evaluation of PAH in patients with SSc, SSc-spectrum disorders, or other CTDs. Initial screening evaluation in patients with SSc and scleroderma-spectrum disorders include pulmonary function test (PFT) including diffusion capacity carbon monoxide (DLCO), Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), NT- Pro BNP, and DETECT algorithm if DLCO% &lt; 60% and &gt;3 years disease duration. In SSc and SSc-spectrum disorders, TTE and PFT should be performed on an annual basis or TTE, PFT, and NT-Pro BNP if new signs or symptoms develop. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We provide consensus-based and evidence-driven recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD-PAH. It is our hope that these recommendations will lead to early detection of CTD-PAH and ultimately improve patient outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Long-term survival of neonatal porcine islets in nonhuman primates by targeting costimulation pathways
Authors: Kenneth Cardona, Gregory S Korbutt, Zvonimir Milas, James Lyon, Jose Cano, Wanhong Jiang, Hameeda Bello-Laborn, Brad Hacquoil, Elizabeth Strobert, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Collin J Weber, Thomas C Pearson, Ray V Rajotte, Christian P Larsen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Biochemical Screening Programme in General Practice: A Clinical Follow-up
Authors: I. W. Percy-Robb, D. Cruikshank, L. Lamont, L. G. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Follow-up studies of findings obtained during a short programme of biochemical screening conducted on 1,041 patients attending their general practitioners in January 1967 showed that this yielded 64 results that led to a change in diagnosis or method of treatment. These results were obtained in 57 patients (5.5% of patients screened), whereas only 15 abnormal results would have been revealed on 14 of the 1,041 patients if the tests performed had been restricted to those requested on the basis of clinical features. Hence a screening programme can make an important contribution to the recognition of otherwise unsuspected disease.
Transarterial embolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of a randomized, controlled trial in a single institution
Authors: Jordi Bruix, Josep M. Llovet, Antoni Castells, Xavier Montañá, Concepció Brú, Maria Del Carmen Ayuso, Ramon Vilana, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

This randomized, controlled trial assessed the effect of transarterial embolization (TAE) (without associated chemotherapy) on the survival of patients with nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eighty consecutive patients were randomized to treatment with embolization (Group A, n = 40), or to symptomatic treatment (Group B, n = 40), there being no differences between both groups regarding the degree of liver function impairment and tumor stage. Eighty-two percent of the patients presented a self-limited postembolization syndrome, without treatment-related mortality. Fifty-five percent of the treated cases exhibited a partial response, which resulted in a lower probability of tumor progression during follow-up (57% vs. 77% at 1 year; P &lt; .005). However, after a median follow-up of 24 months (30 deaths in each group), there are no differences in survival (Group A: 49% and 13%; Group B: 50% and 27%, at 2 and 4 years, respectively; P = .72). The absence of differences was maintained even when dividing patients according to Child-Pugh’s grade, Okuda stage, or performance status test (PST). Furthermore, there were no differences in the probability of complications or in the need of hospital admissions. In conclusion, TAE has a marked antitumoral effect associated to a slower growth of the tumor, but it does not improve the survival of patients with nonsurgical HCC.