tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ciguatera and the Voyage of Captain Bligh
Authors: Alan D. Steinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1974)

AFTER the mutiny aboard the H.M.S.<i>Bounty</i>on April 28, 1789, Captain Bligh and a group of 18 men were set adrift in a 23-foot open boat. They completed one of the most difficult and famous voyages of navigational history, with the exceptional record of no loss of life except for one death from native violence and some additional deaths from tropical disease on an island at which they stopped. During the course of this voyage, Captain Bligh, in spite of extreme emaciation, remained in surprisingly good health. There was, however, a single episode of unexplained illness, which may have been poisoning. At four o'clock on Monday, June 8, 1789, after more than 1 1/2 months at sea, and after having sailed more than 3,000 miles (5,559.6 km), their first fish was caught at approximately latitude 9° 09′ south, longitude 131° 31′ east, a point near the north coast of
Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: population based study
Authors: C P M Leeson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To test the hypothesis that duration of breast feeding is related to changes in vascular function relevant to the development of cardiovascular disease.Population based observational study.Cambridge.331 adults (171 women, 160 men) aged between 20 and 28 years, born in Cambridge Maternity Hospital.Distensibility of brachial artery, type and duration of infant feeding, current lipid profile, and other cardiovascular risk factors.The longer the period of breast feeding the less distensible the artery wall in early adult life, with no sex differences (regression coefficient = -3.93 micrometer/month, 95% confidence interval -7.29 to -0.57, P=0.02). However, in those breast fed for less than four months, arterial distensibility was not significantly reduced compared with an exclusively formula fed group. The vascular changes observed were not explained by alterations in plasma cholesterol concentration in adult life.Breast feeding in infancy is related to reduced arterial function 20 years later. These data should not alter current recommendations in favour of breast feeding, which has several benefits for infant health. Further work is needed, however, to explore the optimal duration of breast feeding in relation to cardiovascular outcomes.
A Method for Electrocardiogram Wave-Pattern Estimation
Authors: LEE D. CADY, MAX A. WOODBURY, LEO J. TICK, MENARD M. GERTLER
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Canine antisera to rabbit and hog renin were coupled to several fluorescein dyes. The antiserum was immunologically adsorbed once each with rabbit-liver and with bone-marrow powder, thereby removing excess dye and eliminating nonspecific staining. Mounted frozen-dried sections of kidneys from sodium- deficient rabbits (in which hyperplasia and hypergranulation of juxtaglomerular [JG] cells were present), from control rabbits, from a sodium-deficient dog, and from sodium-deficient rats were treated with the adsorbed labeled antiserum. Ultraviolet microscopy (direct technique) revealed an intense yel low-green fluorescence sharply limited to the granules of the juxtagloinerular cells in all sections studied from kidneys of rabbit and dog. JG granules in rats did not fluoresce, an observation in accord with the species spe cificity of renin. The indirect ("sandwich") method was also employed (with adsorbed, labeled, rabbit antiserum to canine globulin), and although slight staining of gloinerular epithelium resulted, that in the JG granules was far more intense. In our hands, the faint glornerular staining was not blocked by prior treatment with unlabeled renin. Staining of JG granules in any kidney paralleled the intensity of JG granulation by light microscopy and the amount of extractable renin in the same kidney. JG-granule staining (direct and indirect techniques) was blocked by neutralization of the antirenin with renin. Heterogenous anti sera (to insulin; to human gamma globulin) failed to stain. Other rabbit tissues (heart, lung, liver) similarly treated with labeled antirenin never stained. If this work can be repeated with immunologically pure renin, the evidence presented here, together with previously published studies from this and other laboratories, will establish beyond any reasonable doubt that the source of renin in the kidney is the juxtaglomerular cell, as postulated first by Goormagh tigh nearly a quarter of a century ago.
Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor gene in a family with affected women and men is associated with the p.Thr328Lys mutation in the F12 gene
Authors: Ludovic Martin, Nadia Raison-Peyron, Markus M. Nöthen, Sven Cichon, Christian Drouet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Mixed pancreatic apudoma with symptoms of excess vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and insulin: improvement of diarrhoea with metoclopramide.
Authors: R G Long, M G Bryant, P M Yuille, J M Polak, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1981)

A female patient is described with a single pancreatic tumour producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide. The initial presentation was with diarrhoea and hypokalaemia and a raised plasma VIP was demonstrated. Her symptoms improved with metoclopramide administration and absolute concentrations of 28 aminoacid (peak IV) VIP were found to have fallen. She then developed hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism. All symptoms resolved after surgical excision. This case emphasises the potential of these tumours to contain more than one endocrine cell type synthesising different biologically active peptides.
Endometritis Related to Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: DIETER W. GUMP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

A 23-year-old woman had endometritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from endometrial tissue obtained by biopsy, and elevated levels of serum antibodies, including IgM antibodies, to C. trachomatis were found. Cervical secretions were also positive for antibody. After treatment with tetracycline, endometrial cultures for C. trachomatis were negative and endometrial inflammation disappeared. Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated in salpingitis, cervicitis, urethritis, and peritonitis, This case shows that endometritis may also result from C. trachomatis infection and in such instances may be a contributing factor in infertility.
Re: Michael Müntener, Brigitte Schurch, Björn Wefer and André Reitz. Systemic Nitric Oxide Augmentation Leads to a Rapid Decrease of the Bladder Outlet Resistance in Healthy Men. Eur Urol 2006;50:112–117; discussion 117–118.
Authors: Peter F.W.M. Rosier
Journal: European Urology (2006)
281. Evaluation of Plant Polysaccharides and Phyto-Compounds on Inflammation-Associated Tumorigenesis by Using Melanoma DNA Vaccine Model
Authors: Su-Jane Wang, Jeng-Hwan Wang, Wen-Chi Wei, Chih-Chien Shu, Lie-Fen Shyur, Ning-Sun Yang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Adjuvant can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of antigen and improve the efficacy of vaccine. Potent adjuvant action is often correlated with NF-kB activation, as exemplified by the case of MPL or LPS. However, NF-kB activation is thought to play an important role in the development and/or maintenance of many types of cancer. The potential of phyto-compounds to modulate NF-kB offers a fruitful field of research into exploiting this clinically relevant transcription factor. We have therefore set to study the possible adjuvant role of polysaccharide and phyto-compounds in the development and progression of murine B16 melanoma by using DNA vaccine model. The human melanoma-associated antigen, hgp100, expression vectors were transfected into mouse skin via gene gun delivery, and followed by subcutaneous application of various phyto-compound formulations onto testing mouse skin tissues. We hypothesize that Dioscorea polysaccharide (Dx-I) might mimic the functions of exogenous danger signals to mammalian immune cells. We observed that co-administration of low dose Dx-I or LPS with the test DNA vaccine could significantly protect from tumor cell challenge with gp100-B16 melanoma cells, as compared to high dose and no treatment groups. On the other strategy, using anti-inflammatory compounds can partially filtrate the inflammation-associated tumorigenesis which elicited by Dx-I or LPS. Our data indicated that use of adjuvant containing LPS combination with emodin (an anti-inflammatory phyto-compound) has lowest tumor size and highest survival percentage than other adjuvant treatment and control in melanoma DNA vaccine model. These results suggest that balance the expression level of NF-kB is important in tumorigenesis and vaccination.
Comparison of DNA adducts from exposure to complex mixtures in various human tissues and experimental systems
Authors: Joellen Lewtas, Judy Mumford, Richard B. Everson, Barbara Hulka, Tim Wilcosky, Walter Kozumbo, Claudia Thompson, Michael George, Lubomir Dobiáš, Radim Šrám, Xueming Li, Jane Gallagher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

DNA adducts derived from complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds emitted from tobacco smoke are compared to industrial pollution sources (e.g., coke ovens and aluminum smelters), smoky coal burning, and urban air pollution. Exposures to coke oven emissions and smoky coal, both potent rodent skin tumor initiators and lung carcinogens in humans, result in high levels of DNA adducts compared to tobacco smoke in the in vitro calf thymus DNA model system, in cultured lymphocytes, and in the mouse skin assay. Using tobacco smoke as a model in human studies, we have compared relative DNA adduct levels detected in blood lymphocytes, placental tissue, bronchoalveolar lung lavage cells, sperm, and autopsy tissues of smokers and nonsmokers. Adduct levels in DNA isolated from smokers were highest in human heart and lung tissue with smaller but detectable differences in placental tissue and lung lavage cells. Comparison of the DNA adduct levels resulting from human exposure to different complex mixtures shows that emissions from coke ovens, aluminum smelters, and smoky coal result in higher DNA adduct levels than tobacco smoke exposure. These studies suggest that humans exposed to complex combustion mixtures will have higher DNA adduct levels in target cells (e.g., lung) as compared to nontarget cells (e.g., lymphocytes) and that the adduct levels will be dependent on the genotoxic and DNA adduct-forming potency of the mixture.
If a tree falls in the forest and there is nobody around, does Chasles' theorem still apply?
Authors: Marco Bertamini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The limitations of the concept of internalised kinematic geometry have been recognised by Barlow, Hecht, Kubovy &amp; Epstein, and Todorovič. I am in agreement but I still find the perception of curvature in two frames of apparent motion fascinating and I suggest some new directions. [Barlow; Hecht; Kubovy &amp; Epstein; Shepard; Todorovič]
Effect of Added Fat on the Plasma Glucose and Insulin Response to Ingested Potato Given in Various Combinations as Two Meals in Normal Individuals
Authors: Nacide Ercan, Mary C Gannon, Frank Q Nuttall
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE In normal subjects, ingestion of fat with potato in a morning meal resulted in a decrease in the glucose response. Therefore, we wished to determine whether a fat-induced decrease in blood glucose also would be observed after a second identical meal. In addition, we were interested in determining if fat ingestion with a morning meal would have an effect on the blood glucose and insulin responses to a second meal not containing fat. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine healthy male subjects ingested two meals consisting of an amount of potato containing 50 g carbohydrate, either alone or with 50 g fat as butter. The meals were served in four combinations as follows: 1) potato for the first meal, potato for the second meal; 2) potato for the first meal, potato with fat for the second meal; 3) potato with fat for the first meal, potato for the second meal; and 4) potato with fat for the first meal, potato with fat for the second meal. Meals were ingested at 8:00 A.M. and noon. Plasma glucose and C-peptide, serum insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were determined over an 8-h period. The integrated area responses to the meals were quantified over the subsequent 4-h period using the fasting value or the noon value as baseline for the first and second meals, respectively. RESULTS When the first meal contained potato only, the glucose area response to the second meal was significantly less when the second meal contained fat. However, fat ingestion had no effect on the glucose area response to the second meal when fat was present in the first meal. The insulin area responses to the first and second meals were similar after ingestion of potato or potato with fat. However, the insulin response to the second meal always was less that to the first meal. The C-peptide area responses after ingestion of the second meal also were all higher than those after the first meal. The triglyceride area responses were slightly negative after ingestion of potato alone in the first meal. When fat was ingested, they were positive. When the first meal contained fat but the second meal did not, there was a rise in triglyceride concentration after the second meal as well as after the first meal. That is, a rise occurred without ingestion of fat with the second meal. If fat was present in the second meal the rise was even greater. The FFA area responses were similar to the triglyceride area responses. CONCLUSIONS When fat was ingested with carbohydrate in either the first or second meal, the glucose area response was decreased. However, when both meals contained fat, a decrease in the glucose area response did not occur with the second meal. The glucose area responses all were greater after the second meal compared with those after the first meal, i.e., the opposite of a Staub-Traugott effect was observed. The insulin area responses to the first and second meals were similar whether fat was ingested or not.
Peterborough trust seeks partner to take it into the black
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS foundation trust with the largest private finance initiative (PFI) bill in England is to seek help from anybody—including the private sector—with a viable plan to turn around its financial deficit.

Peterborough and Stamford NHS Foundation Trust has submitted a plan to the regulator of foundation trusts, Monitor, for a competitive tendering process to run services at its two hospitals. The trust spends £42m a year financing PFI debts incurred to build Peterborough City Hospital, opened in 2010. It cost £298m to build, but the PFI contract …
DENY DISCOVERY OF PNEUMONIA CURE
Authors: Morton Dean
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On behalf of Lexington Hospital and Dr. F. S. Kelly, we wish to announce that neither the hospital nor any member of the staff, nor any employee of the hospital, was in any way responsible, directly or indirectly, for the publication of recent articles announcing alleged "revolutionary medical discoveries" as to the effect of injections of mercuric salicylate in increasing the number of white blood corpuscles. We believe that the effect of such injections has been known to the medical profession for more than twenty years. Dr. F. S. Kelly, mentioned in the articles, is not the pathologist of Lexington Hospital; the latter was not connected in any way with the giving out of the articles for publication, nor was he directly or indirectly responsible for the views expressed in the articles.
GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-1R, TNF-alpha R, and HLA-DR in nasal epithelial cells in allergic rhinitis.
Authors: M Nonaka, R Nonaka, M Jordana, J Dolovich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Epithelial cells potentially contribute to airways inflammation by antigen presentation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the immunocytochemical localization of interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R Type I), tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor (TNF-alpha R; 55kD), and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) on epithelial cells obtained by nasal brushing from 10 patients with allergic rhinitis in season and 15 healthy, nonallergic subjects. Six of the 15 nonallergic asymptomatic subjects had macroscopic evidence of nasal mucosal inflammation, and their brushings contained more than 10% neutrophils ("subclinical inflammation"). In normal control subjects, 8 +/- 7.5% of epithelial cells stained for HLA-DR, approximately one quarter stained for IL-8 and GM-CSF, and about one third stained positive for IL-1R and TNF-alpha R. The findings in subjects with allergic rhinitis in season and with subclinical neutrophilia were similar, and the numbers of cells staining for HLA-DR expression correlated with both neutrophil and lymphocyte content. These findings further support the conclusion that epithelial cells can contribute to inflammatory processes in the nasal mucosa. The findings emphasize the need to identify asymptomatic nasal mucosal inflammation in studies of the nasal mucosa.
Voltage dependent inhibition of ATP sensitive potassium channels by flecainide in guinea pig ventricular cells
Authors: D. W. Wang, T. Sato, M. Arita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to examine the effects of flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, on the ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) current in guinea pig ventricular cells, using the inside-out patch clamp technique.KATP channel activities were recorded from inside-out membrane patches with 140 mM KCl solution bathing both the external and internal surfaces of the membrane (20-22 degrees C). Flecainide was added to the intracellular medium (ATP-free, pH = 7.3).Flecainide (1-300 microM) inhibited the outward KATP channel current evoked at the holding potential of +40 mV, in a concentration dependent manner. The flecainide concentration for half maximum inhibition of the channel activity (IC50) and Hill coefficient of the flecainide inhibition were estimated to be 17.3 microM and 1.1, respectively. However, flecainide did not affect the inwardly directed KATP channel current measured at the potential of -40 mV. When the inhibitory effects of flecainide on the outward current were examined under conditions in which pH was decreased from 7.3 (control) to 6.8, the IC50 and Hill coefficient became 27.3 microM and 1.2, respectively. Furthermore, in the presence of 0.1 mM ADP on the cytosolic side of the membrane (pH = 7.3), flecainide blocked the outward currents with the IC50 of 47.0 microM and a Hill coefficient of 0.9. After 1 min exposure of the cytoplasmic side of the membrane to trypsin (1 mg.ml-1), glibenclamide (2 microM) did not inhibit the KATP channel currents, while flecainide (30 microM) reversibly inhibited this trypsin enhanced KATP channel activity.Flecainide at relatively high concentrations blocks the cardiac KATP channels only when the currents are directed outward, and in a concentration dependent manner. The potency of flecainide in blocking KATP channels decreased under conditions of increased H+ or ADP concentrations on the cytosolic side of the membrane, as may occur in myocardial ischaemia or hypoxia.
cAMP stimulates the in vitro proliferation of renal cyst epithelial cells by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway
Authors: Tamio Yamaguchi, Jill C. Pelling, Nadja T. Ramaswamy, Jason W. Eppler, Darren P. Wallace, Shizuko Nagao, Lorraine A. Rome, Lawrence P. Sullivan, Jared J. Grantham
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Small-Bowel Ulceration Apparently Associated With Thiazide and Potassium Therapy
Authors: Daniel R. Baker, Wayne H. Schrader, Claude R. Hitchcock
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PRIMARY nonspecific ulceration occurring in the small intestine has been infrequent, if not rare. There have been about 170 cases reported in the world literature and only a smaller number have been well documented.<sup>1</sup>During a 15-month period from June 1, 1963, through Aug 31, 1964, twelve patients with ulcerating, predominantly stenosing and obstructing lesions of the small intestine have been treated on the surgical service of Hennepin County General Hospital. All of these lesions fit the general category of nonspecific small-bowel ulcers. Over the same period of time, the adult services at Hennepin County General Hospital treated 38 patients with either small-bowel obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage (Table 1). In this group there were 12 patients with a simliar pathologic process constituting almost one third of the total number of cases. Since this type of nonspecific ulcer has previously been considered rare, we were understandably concerned with this unusual
The Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in Philadelphia 1990–1994
Authors: Terri H. Lipman, Yuefang Chang, Kathryn M. Murphy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in children in Philadelphia from 1990 to 1994, and to identify whether an epidemic occurred during that time period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This is a descriptive epidemiological study using a retrospective population-based registry in Philadelphia, PA, a city with large white, African-American, and Hispanic (Puerto Rican) populations. All hospitals in Philadelphia that admit children were identified. All charts meeting the following criteria were reviewed: 1) newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 2) children 0–14 years of age, 3) children residing in Philadelphia at the time of diagnosis, and 4) those diagnosed from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1994. Standard type 1 diabetes registry data were abstracted from the charts. Ascertainment of the completeness of the hospital registry was validated by data from the Philadelphia School District. Communicable disease records were reviewed to identify epidemics from 1987 to 1995. RESULTS—A total of 209 cases were identified, and the combined hospital and school registry was determined to be 96% complete. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate in Philadelphia was 13.3/100,000/year. The highest rate by race continues to be in the Hispanic population (15.5). The incidence in African-American children has increased markedly (12.8), particularly in the 10- to 14-year age-group (22.9). An epidemic of type 1 diabetes occurred from January to June 1993, ∼2 years after a measles epidemic in Philadelphia. CONCLUSIONS—The overall incidence of type 1 diabetes in Philadelphia is similar to other U.S. registries. The incidence in the Hispanic population continues to be among the highest of any U.S. ethnic group. The marked increase in incidence in the African-American population may be due in part to misclassification of cases actually having type 2 diabetes. The 1993 epidemic may have been due to β-cell autoimmunity triggered by the measles virus.
Angiotensin and Hypertension
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I think the time has come when the cliché, "the mechanisms and cause of essential hypertension are unknown," can justifiably be altered to "it is highly probable that the core of the mechanism of essential, renovascular, and malignant hypertension is angiotensin." The evidence from blocking the converting enzyme and from peptide blocking agents all but conclusively shows that when angiotensin is unable to function, blood pressure returns to normal or near normal, especially if salt has been depleted. Furthermore, the evidence for a mosaic of regulatory mechanisms, internally equilibrated, also seems after some 30 years close to being accepted. There are many antihypertensive and pressor mechanisms, but the predominance of angiotensin as modulated by salt and perhaps a renal antihypertensive agent now almost surely should replace the avowal of ignorance.