tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctoring to the Music of Time
Authors: Richard V. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

What patients believe about time has much to do with their notion of health and medicine. Synchrony of time sense between physician and patient shapes the objectives and the content of care and compliance; asynchrony leads to frustration and failure. Traditional time is circular, a regular repetition of events and ideas. Traditional time is driven by the environment in that planets, stars, and spirits appear to control the cycles of nature. There is no apocalypse, no salvation or damnation; rather, there is a continuous cycle of reincarnation that can be stopped or escaped only by extraordinary action. Traditional time leads to a static, stable world. In this view, changes are transient because things that were will be again; progress is fiction, a conceit of the proud. Renaissance notions of the perfectibility of humankind, the importance of individuality, and the possibility of progress originated with a sense of time as a straight line leading to “an end of time” and apocalypse, rather than a circle. The present Christian calendar is the product of 16th-century attempts to unify the calendrical expectations for the apocalypse held by diverse Christian sects and to rectify the discrepancies between the old calendar timing of Christian holy days and the natural seasonal cycles. Millenarian and scientific time have a future; traditional time is, in a sense, timeless.
Hazards of Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: J. Michael Lane
Journal: JAMA (1982)

If smallpox were rampant today, and Edward Jenner announced his discovery, he would surely get the Nobel prize. Smallpox was a disease of terrifying inevitability, with a high case-fatality rate. Its social and demographic effects, its role as a major factor determining the outcome of wars, and its interesting predilection for killing kings and queens made it an awesome force in human history. Mankind has reaped incalculable benefits from the vaccinia virus. Unfortunately, we have a tendency to generalize the specific benefits of a good thing. Vitamins have wonderful specific effects; why not take them indiscriminately in massive doses for virtually any reason? Penicillin is great for streptococci; why not give it for viral upper respiratory tract infection? Vaccinia is superb as a preventive for smallpox; surely it must have wonderful properties for other indications. This is faulty reasoning. As our scientific knowledge increases, we seek scientific justification for these
Practical aspects of preparation of foods for double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food
Authors: D. Noe, L. Bartemucci, N. Mariani, D. Cantari
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Recipes for double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge developed and tested in our department are presented. The taste and smell of offending foods were disguised by using substances with a strong taste and flavor. The texture of active foods was more difficult to simulate in the placebo food.
Detection of novel biomarkers of liver cirrhosis by proteomic analysis
Authors: Christian Mölleken, Barbara Sitek, Corinna Henkel, Gereon Poschmann, Bence Sipos, Sebastian Wiese, Bettina Warscheid, Christoph Broelsch, Markus Reiser, Scott L. Friedman, Ida Tornøe, Anders Schlosser, Günter Klöppel, Wolff Schmiegel, Helmut E. Meyer, Uffe Holmskov, Kai Stühler
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatic cirrhosis is a life-threatening disease arising from different chronic liver disorders. One major cause for hepatic cirrhosis is chronic hepatitis C. Chronic hepatitis C is characterized by a highly variable clinical course, with at least 20% developing liver cirrhosis within 40 years. Only liver biopsy allows a reliable evaluation of the course of hepatitis C by grading inflammation and staging fibrosis, and thus serum biomarkers for hepatic fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity are needed. To identify new candidate biomarkers for hepatic fibrosis, we performed a proteomic approach of microdissected cirrhotic septa and liver parenchyma cells. In cirrhotic septa, we detected an increasing expression of cell structure associated proteins, including actin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, tropomyosin, calponin, transgelin, and human microfibril–associated protein 4 (MFAP-4). Tropomyosin, calponin, and transgelin reflect a contribution of activated stellate cells/myofibroblasts to chronic liver injury. The expression of tropomyosin, transgelin, and MFAP-4, an extracellular matrix associated protein, were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Tropomyosin and MFAP-4 demonstrated high serum levels in patients with hepatic cirrhosis of different causes. Conclusion: A quantitative analysis of MFAP-4 serum levels in a large number of patients showed MFAP-4 as novel candidate biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy for prediction of nondiseased liver versus cirrhosis [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.97, P < 0.0001] as well as stage 0 versus stage 4 fibrosis (AUC = 0.84, P < 0.0001), and stages 0 to 3 versus stage 4 fibrosis (AUC = 0.76, P < 0.0001). (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Misery of Recurrent Herpes: What to Do?
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The data provided by the double-blind study reported in this issue of the Journal by Myers et al. indicate that the neutral-red and light treatment of recurrent cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions caused by the herpes-simplex-genitalis viruses was no better than the placebo and light treatment. This finding, with their recommendation that this controversial treatment be discontinued, raises the question of where we go from here and what we do until we get there.The recognition in recent years that the highly prevalent inflamed vesicular lesions on the female and male genitalia and on neighboring skin areas are caused predominantly by . . .
Over the counter chloramphenicol eye drops
Authors: G. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The biggest concern is not resistance, but ineffectiveness

After much agonising, in 2005 the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the United Kingdom decided to allow pharmacists to dispense chloramphenicol eye drops and ointment without a doctor’s prescription. Pharmacists used to be able to sell “Golden Eye Ointment,” which contained a sulphonamide, until the sulphonamide component was withdrawn some years ago by the Committee on Safety of Medicines because its clinical activity had not been proved. Chloramphenicol preparations retail at £5.50 (€6.3; 8.5) to £6 each, a little less than the current cost of a prescription.

A recent study shows that the number of units of chloramphenicol eye drops dispensed between 2004 and 2007 increased dramatically, from 2.3 million to 3.4 million a year.1 This rise of 48% coincided with a fall in medical prescriptions of 16%. Might this have led to an increase of resistance in common flora that can cause invasive disease, and if so, does it matter? Eye preparations pass down the nasolacrimal duct, where they will encounter Staphylococcus aureus , and further back into the nasopharynx, where they will meet Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae . Chloramphenicol will also be …
VARIATIONS OF THE INTESTINAL RATE
Authors: FRANCIS LOWELL BURNETT
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The development and the maintenance of the normal tissues are largely due to the assimilation of nutrient substances absorbed from the alimentary canal. The absorption, however, is dependent not so much on the amount of aliment passing along the canal and through the body as on the digested products that pass through the wall of the canal and into the body. Although the extreme complexity of the anabolic processes is far beyond comprehension at present, it is possible to know something about digestion and absorption from the course of the aliment through the canal, and its final molding in the form of the feces. <h3>THE ANABOLIC PROCESSES AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODY</h3> The alimentary canal is a highly specialized organ, purposely designed for mixing, reducing and absorbing its contents. The disorders of this organ cannot often be due to imperfections in its mechanism, but are the result rather of
Transdermal Nicotine for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Michael Mogadam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 September 1997Transdermal Nicotine for Ulcerative ColitisMichael Mogadam, MDMichael Mogadam, MDAlexandria, VA 22304Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Sandborn and colleagues [1] state that their placebo-controlled trial showed that “transdermal nicotine at the highest tolerated dosage (≤22 mg/d) has a clinically significant therapeutic benefit in active ulcerative colitis after 4 weeks.” How could they make this statement if only 39% of their patients improved clinically (compared with 9% of those who received placebo)? I do not consider a 30% response (39% −9%) in ulcerative colitis to be clinically meaningful, especially because 77% of patients who received nicotine patches had various side effects; in 13%, these effects were severe enough to discontinue use of the patches.... References1. Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Offord KP, Lawson GM, Petersen BT, Batts KP, et al. Transdermal nicotine for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:364-71. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Mogadam, MDAffiliations: Alexandria, VA 22304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1997Volume 127, Issue 6Page: 491KeywordsNicotineUlcerative colitis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Interferon-γ induces 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in human peripheral blood eosinophils: Role in eosinophil survival?
Authors: A.G. Ghahary, S.O. Odemuyiwa, J. Lee, A. Ghahary, R. Moqbel, A.G. Ghahary
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Blunt Cardiac Trauma Resulting in Right Atrial Rupture
Authors: Bradley S. Getz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Between 50,000 and 60,000 persons in the United States die each year as a result of motor vehicle accidents. It is estimated that myocardial rupture occurs in 10% to 15% of victims of fatal accidents. We recently cared for five patients with atrial rupture in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area, and this experience has prompted this report.
The “Window of Opportunity:” Helping Parents Make the Most Difficult Decision They Will Ever Face Using an Informed Non-Dissent Model
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

At times, the anticipated future quality of life of a patient is so poor that parents and healthcare providers agree that withdrawing life-prolonging interventions is most appropriate. Unfortunately, some physicians (particularly many in the United States) believe that their role is to merely present facts (e.g., anticipated prognosis) and options (e.g., continue or remove life-support), and let the parents choose the interventions that will and will not be provided to the child based on the family’s values and beliefs. This model of decision-making has occurred for many reasons (a full discussion of which is beyond the scope of this essay), and has left many parents feeling abandoned when they must alone bear the burdens of making agonizing choices (Loewy 1998). In 2004, and international consensus statement on decision-making specified that a shared decision-making model, in which patients (or parents for the sake of this essay) and physicians jointly reach decisions regarding goals of treatment (Carlet et al. 2004). While the move away from a strict autonomy-based decision-making process towards a shared decision-making standard is moving slowly, already several states in the United States have adopted legislation allowing physicians to unilaterally limit or withdraw lifeprolonging interventions even over the objection of the patient or surrogate (Texas explicitly, and California implicitly) thereby ’giving teeth’ to the shared decision-making model (California Probate Code; Texas 1999). As we move towards a shared decision-making model, United States physicians are becoming more comfortable being active participants in the decision-making process. While the roles of physicians and parents are different, both are agents in the decision-making process. As such, physicians are gradually bearing more of the burden of decisionmaking, and such a move may help to unburden some parents. The key to an effective and appropriate use of the shared decision-making model is to have open and honest communication between all stakeholders, mutual respect,
Abstract A45: Chromatin dynamics of the zebrafish retina during development and aging
Authors: Xiangyun Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract During organogenesis, the retina develops from a single sheet of undifferentiated neuroepithelium into a layered mature tissue composed of Müller, photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, interplexiform and ganglion cells. This differentiation of various retinal cell types requires the transcription of distinct sets of genes in precise temporal orders. It is unclear how chromatin organization and modifications are specifically regulated at global and regional levels to facilitate the generation of distinct transcriptional profiles required for different retinal cell types. Nor do we know to what extent chromatin structure and organization are altered during retinal aging, or how such alterations lead to unbalanced gene expression profiling and subsequent cell degeneration. In this study, we analyzed the dynamic characteristics of nuclear structures and chromatin organizations of zebrafish retinal cells during development and aging. We show that the degrees of chromatin condensation vary significantly among different retinal cell types, as suggested by varying nuclear volumes and heterochromatin/euchromatin organization. These structural features are altered during the aging process as well. For example, the nuclear volumes of cone photoreceptors increase significantly during aging. The distribution patterns of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 heterochromatin modifications also vary dramatically among different retinal cell types and at different ages. The gross alterations in nuclear structures and chromatin condensation may suggest extensive changes in gene expression activities. These findings provide insight into how chromatin organization and modifications underlie balanced global transcriptional profiles and consequently, the overall fitness of retinal cells, as well as how such regulations might be altered during the aging process. Our study may have significant social impact because with increasing life expectancy, more and more older people will suffer from age-related macular degeneration and the identification of proper interventions to slow down the retinal aging process would dramatically enhance quality of the life for the elderly. Citation Format: Xiangyun Wei. Chromatin dynamics of the zebrafish retina during development and aging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Hydrolysis of acetylcholine by soluble and particulate preparations of skin from normal and atopic subjects
Authors: D. W. K. COTTON, JOSE J. M. A. HURK, P. D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The hydrolysis of acetylcholine by preparations of mouse and human skin has been studied. Activity has been demonstrated in both soluble and particulate fractions. In the former case at least two enzymes appear to be present; the Km values suggest these to be ‘true’ (3.1.1.7) and ‘pseudo’ cholinesterase (3.1‐1.8). Biopsy specimens of skin from normal and atopic subjects yielded similar kinetic data. This supports our previous conclusion that a reduced rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine is not associated with the atopic disposition.
Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: A New Manual
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Editorials1 December 1987Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: A New ManualEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-6-931 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn june 1977 this journal published "Guidelines for Drug Therapy in Renal Failure" (1). This article included five tables of data for pharmacokinetic variables to be considered in adjusting drug dosages and dose schedules for patients with impaired renal function. It also provided specific recommendations for a large number of widely used drugs. This authoritative article became a widely used and heavily cited resource for help with some of the most difficult decisions in drug therapy. Subsequent editions were not published in this journal because of limits in space available. Subsequent editions of the guidelines published elsewhere continued to be...References1. BENNETTSINGERGOLPERFEIGCOGGINS WITPC. Guidelines for drug therapy in renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1977;86:754-83. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BENNETTARONOFFGOLPERMORRISONSINGERBRATER WGTGID. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 1987. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Affiliations: Publications Division American College of Physicians Philadelphia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1987Volume 107, Issue 6Page: 931-931KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsPharmacokineticsRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence of knee problems in the population aged 55 years and over: identifying the need for knee arthroplasty
Authors: A. Tennant, J. Fear, A. Pickering, M. Hillman, A. Cutts, M A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the prevalence of knee problems in people aged 55 years and over and identify those who should be considered for knee arthroplasty. <b>Design</b>: Postal survey; questionnaires were sent to a multistage stratified probability sample of residents of North Yorkshire Health Authority aged 55 and over. <b>Setting</b>: A health district with a population of 210000 aged 55 and over. <b>Results</b>: An initial four page postal questionnaire produced an 86% response rate among 18827 eligible patients. A subsequent detailed questionnaire sent to 1277 patients with knee problems (with a response rate of 78%) then determined the prevalence of severe pain and severe disability. Pain and disability consistent with the need to consider arthroplasty was found in 20.4/1000 (95% confidence interval 18.0 to 23.1); of these, 4.1 (2.7 to 5.8)/1000 had extreme disability. Age and sex specific rates in men who might benefit from arthroplasty were, in those aged 55-64, 12.9 (8.4 to 19.0)/1000; aged 65-74, 12.1 (7.4 to 18.4)/1000; aged 75 and over, 20.3 (12.9 to 30.5)/1000. In women aged 55-64 the rates were 12.9 (8.6 to 18.7)/1000; aged 65-74, 19.6 (13.9 to 26.7)/1000; aged 75 years and over, 42.6 (34.3 to 52.4)/1000. <b>Conclusions</b>: Total knee replacement has until recently been considered unreliable and often seen as a last resort for many with severe knee problems. Advances in prosthesis design and surgical and anaesthetic techniques have transformed this procedure into a reliable option with a potential for reducing disability and dependency in a large number of people in the community. Understandably, the prevalence pool of those who may benefit is large; health authorities and, increasingly, general practitioners should consider purchasing more total knee replacement surgery to offer real choice to those in need. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages About two in every 100 people aged 55 years or older might benefit from knee replacement surgery Most of those aged 75 years and over who might benefit are not being referred to the hospital, and hardly any are on the waiting list for surgery An audit of access to specialist services might help improve services, especially for those aged 75 years and over The knee replacement programme provides a substantive marker of the success of the current health service reforms
The Open Medical School
Authors: Edward Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is stimulating to read the proposal of E. G. Dimond (<b>194</b>:1220, 1965) for a lifelong program of medical education. Continuing education and supervision of his practice by the academy may provide tranquillity and contentment. But what does Dimond suggest as an alternative to the major stumbling block of socialized medicine, ie, the loss of individual economic freedom, a loss deeply rooted in all the existing systems of state medicine? Does he offer any practical way to prevent this loss or suggestions which would serve as the way out from it? I have the lingering suspicion that the academy would be substituted as the paymaster for the government. Reality, further, dictates that there is the even greater probability that the government would eventually be the paymaster since federal educational grants are now available in increasing volume. Will the public be better served by the centralized control
Normal Brain F-18 FDG-PET and MRI Anatomy
Authors: T SCHIFTER, T G TURKINGTON, S U BERLANGIERI, J M HOFFMAN, J R MacFALL, C A PELIZZARI, R D TIEN, R E COLEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Image registration techniques will become increasingly important in correlative multimodality imaging. In the case of PET, a structural imaging study can be invaluable in correlating structure metabolism relationships. A registered brain atlas of PET and MRI has been developed by the authors that allows clinicians, residents, fellows, and others to refer to a structural abnormality on MRI or metabolic abnormality on PET and correlate it neuro-anatomically.
Spirituality and Chronic Illness—Reply
Authors: Harold G. Koenig
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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