tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E deficiency and platelet functional defect in a jaundiced infant.
Authors: M Khurshid, T J Lee, I R Peake, A L Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A 16-month-old infant with hepatic fibrosis, cholestasis, and chronic jaundice had signs of vitamin E deficiency, including mild acanthocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased peroxide haemolysis, and absent serum vitamin E. Abormal prothrombin consumption and platelet restocetin aggregation suggested the presence of defective platelet function, and correction studies indicated that this was due to a plasma defect. The abnormality was corrected by treatment with vitamin E, and the findings suggest a possible role of this vitamin in platelet reactions.
Sperm Changes in Men Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dibenzofurans
Authors: Ping Chi Hsu, Wenya Huang, Wei Jen Yao, Meng Hsing Wu, Yueliang Leon Guo, George H. Lambert
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
American Medical Association Patient Medication Instruction (PMI) Program-Reply
Authors: James H. Sammons
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I welcome the opportunity to respond to Mr Helmeczi's comments on the PMI program and, more specifically, his concern that this AMA initiative fails to recognize the contributions of pharmacists to improving the flow of drug information to patients. When AMA initiated the PMI program, it did so in full realization of the many excellent existing sources of drug information, including those developed and implemented by pharmacy. The program draws on the<i>United States Pharmacopeia</i>dispensing information data base in the development of PMIs. At no time did the association intend not to recognize the valuable contributions that pharmacists make or to imply, as Mr Helmeczi suggests, that physicians should be the sole source of drug information for patients. We do maintain, however, that, because of their knowledge of the individual patient's health problems and their responsibilities to prescribe drugs, physicians are the most important source of drug
Nicolau's syndrome in a newborn caused by triple DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) vaccination
Authors: Emel Erkek, Fatma Tuncez, Cihat Sanli, Deniz Duman, Gulcan S. Kurtipek, Yeter Bagci, Ergin Ayaslioglu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Stem cells in prostate cancer initiation and progression
Authors: Devon A. Lawson, Owen N. Witte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Peter Nowell and David Hungerford's discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome facilitated many critical studies that have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of cancer as a disease of stem cells. This Review focuses on the application of these concepts to investigation of the role of stem cells in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Major strides in the development of in vitro and in vivo assays have enabled identification and characterization of prostate stem cells as well as functional evaluation of the tumorigenic effects of prostate cancer–related genetic alterations.
Parallel evolution of drug resistance in HIV: failure of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio to detect selection
Authors: K. A. Crandall, C. R. Kelsey, H. Imamichi, H. C. Lane, N. P. Salzman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Parallel or convergent evolution at the molecular level has been difficult to demonstrate especially when rigorous statistical criteria are applied. We present sequence data from the protease gene from eight patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). These patients have been on multiple drug therapies for at least 2 years. We present sequence data from two timepoints: time zero--the initiation of drug therapy--and a subsequent timepoint between 59 and 104 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy. In addition to the sequence data, we present viral load data from both initial and final timepoints. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate significant evolution of virus from initial to final time points, even in three of eight patients who show low viral loads. Of the five patients who escaped drug therapy, identical amino acid replacements were seen in all five patients at two different codon positions, an indication of parallel evolution. We also measured genetic diversity for these patients and found no correlation between genetic diversity and viral load. Finally, we calculated the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates and showed that the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution compared to the value of one may be a poor indicator of natural selection.
TRANSFER FACTOR 1975
Authors: Rona M. MacKie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article TRANSFER FACTOR 1975 Rona M. MacKie Rona M. MacKie University Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 1, 1 January 1976, Pages 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04352.x Published: 01 January 1976
Mapping choice in the NHS: cross sectional study of routinely collected data
Authors: Mike Damiani, Carol Propper, Jennifer Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To identify where in England there are likely to be most constraints on choice of hospital for patients waiting longer than six months for elective care.Cross sectional study using routinely collected data.Population of England and NHS trusts and private sector hospitals in England.All residents in England.Availability of beds (available and unoccupied hospital beds), demand (number of people waiting longer than six months), and access (travel time to facilities) to hospital care in England.Most people in England already have an extensive potential choice of hospital. The number of available and unoccupied beds within 60 minutes' travel time was lowest in the Scottish borders, North Yorkshire, and parts of East Anglia, Lincolnshire, Devon, and Cornwall. This pattern was not altered by adding in private facilities. Putting demand with this supply, the number of people in a geographical area waiting longer than six months per bed within 60 minutes' travel time was highest in the south east (except London), parts of the south west (Cornwall, Bristol), East Anglia, and the Welsh border.People in the south east (outside London), East Anglia, and parts of the south west are likely to have to travel further to exercise meaningful choice of hospital for elective care.
Patterns of colonisation of Campylobacter pylori in the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
Authors: S J Walker, P J Birch, M Stewart, C J Stoddard, C A Hart, D W Day
Journal: Gut (1989)

Thirty five subjects underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and multiple biopsy (30 patients, five normal subjects). A total of 11 biopsies per subject from four sites (oesophagus (three), gastric body (two), antrum (three), duodenum (three] were examined for inflammation and the presence of Campylobacter pylori and using standard methods of culture and by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). The organism was cultured from oesophageal biopsies in eight of 30 (27%) patients but could not be identified at this site by LM or EM. There was evidence of oesophageal inflammation in 20 patients which was associated with the local finding of C pylori in five (25%) including two of seven (29%) with Barrett9s mucosa. Antral C pylori was present in 22 of 23 (96%) patients with chronic active gastritis. The organism was found in the antrum and oesophagus in four of 22 patients (18%), in the antrum and duodenum in four of 22 patients (18%) and in all three sites in a further two of 22 patients (9%). Antral C pylori was found in five of six patients with peptic ulceration. C pylori was cultured from the duodenum in six patients with confirmation by LN and EM in three, but only on areas of gastric metaplasia. The organism was not found in the normal group. This study indicates that C pylori may be irregularly isolated from the oesophagus and duodenum in patients with antral C pylori and chronic active gastritis. The role of C pylori in the oesophagus is most likely that of a commensal or contaminant.
Prevention of pain from propofol injection
Authors: D. N. Wijeysundera, B. P. Kavanagh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Adequately studied, but inadequately managed



P Marazzi/SPL

Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug used to provide sedation or anaesthesia in operating rooms, critical care units, and emergency departments. Its popularity is not surprising. It has a rapid onset, is easily titrated, allows a smooth emergence from anaesthesia,1 and has other benefits such as preventing nausea or vomiting⇑.2

Propofol has serious side effects including hypotension and respiratory depression.1 However, these risks are well understood and readily mitigated when it is administered by experienced clinicians in appropriate environments. Pain after intravenous injection is one of the most common adverse effects but is much less well understood and poorly managed. In the linked systematic review and meta-analysis (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1110), Jalota and colleagues compared the effects of different interventions for the prevention of pain after propofol injection.3

Pain occurs in 70% of untreated patients,4 and it has been ranked by expert anaesthesiologists as the third most common avoidable adverse event related to anaesthesia.5 A previous systematic review found that a modified Bier’s block was the most effective intervention for preventing …
Studies on the localization of the cardiac glycoside receptor
Authors: Thomas W. Smith, Henry Wagner, John E. Markis, Michael Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The purpose of this study was to see whether the receptor for cardiac glycosides might be localized upon or within the plasma membrane of digitalis-sensitive cells. Ouabain and digoxin were joined covalently to several large protein molecules. These macromolecular conjugates are too large to enter intact cells; consequently, any pharmacologic or biochemical effects which they display should arise from interaction with a cell surface receptor. Conjugates were tested in several cardiac glycoside-sensitive systems: (a), contractility response of isolated cardiac muscle; (b), active (86)Rb(+) uptake by red cells; (c), enzymatic activity of isolated myocardial microsomal (Na(+) + K(+))-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase); and (d), enzymatic activity of solubilized red cell (Na(+) + K(+))-activated ATPase. Results demonstrated that in all of these systems, the macromolecular-glycoside conjugates were 100- to 1000-fold less active than the free glycosides. Careful chromatographic examination of the various conjugates revealed that they contained a small but persistent free cardiac glycoside contaminant. The amount of this species ranged from 0.1 to 1.0% of the total macromolecule-bound glycoside, and its presence fully explains the levels of biologic activity observed with the conjugates. To try to minimize steric factors which could interfere with glycoside-receptor interaction, digoxin and ouabain were also coupled to macromolecule via long, flexible polyamide side-chains. These extended chain conjugates, in which the cardiac glycoside potentially lay some 30 A removed from the surface of the macromolecule, also exhibited negligible digitalis-like effects when tested upon isolated cardiac muscle, red cell (86)Rb(+) uptake, and enzymatic activity of cardiac microsomal (Na(+) + K(+))-ATPase. However, the extended chain conjugates were fully active when examined with the solubilized red cell (Na(+) + K(+))-ATPase system. To further ensure that the chemical reactions used to couple macromolecule to glycoside did not inactivate the drug, all conjugates were subjected to extensive proteolytic digests exhibited full pharmacologic activity. Digoxin was also coupled to the tripeptide alanylglycylglycine, and the resulting conjugate was fully active. Taken together, these results suggest that if the receptor(s) for cardiac glycosides is associated with the plasma membrane, then it may lie deep within it.
In vitro and in vivo complement activation and related anaphylactic effects associated with polyethylenimine and polyethylenimine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers
Authors: Olivia M. Merkel, Rudolf Urbanics, Peter Bedőcs, Zoltán Rozsnyay, László Rosivall, Miklós Toth, Thomas Kissel, Janos Szebeni
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
[436] THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS CORE PROTEIN OF GENOTYPES 3a AND 1b DOWN-REGULATES INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE 1 VIA GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC MECHANISMS
Authors: V. Pazienza, S. Clement, P. Pugnale, S. Conzelman, M. Foti, A. Mangia, F. Negro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Health Policy Agenda
Authors: Mark G. Jameson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recently published Health Policy Agenda for the American People<sup>1</sup>represents the culmination of enormous effort and marks a significant milestone establishing standards for the future direction of health care in the United States. One of the stated primary themes that underlie the Health Policy Agenda is that "the success of the health care system depends on... responsibilities of key participants, including consumers." It is thus surprising that only one of the 195 recommendations (number 78) encourages all individuals to adopt "a healthy life-style." Some authorities estimate that 50% of all medical resources expended in the United States are related to life-style.<sup>2</sup>As an example, the Surgeon General attributes 30% of all coronary heart disease, the leading killer in the United States, and 30% of all cancers to cigarette smoking.<sup>3</sup>The Framingham Study's data project that another 25% of coronary heart disease and 35%
Characteristics and Management of Postpolio Syndrome
Authors: Burk Jubelt
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnic and geographical variability of breast cancer at the Osh region in Kyrgyzstan.
Authors: EK Makimbetov, N Samieva, J Karabaeva, AR Dgumabaev, R Rzaev
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6096 Background. To study age, regional and ethnic breast cancer incidence at the Osh region of the Kyrgyz republic.&amp;#x2028; Material and methods. Calculated the incidence of breast cancer between 1995 and 2005. There were registered 386 females with a new diagnoses of breast cancer. Collected dates from histological or cytological findings, and deaths certificates.&amp;#x2028; Estimated population relative risk (RR) for breast cancer in the urban and rural areas. The population figures and cancer incidence rates for this report were provided in for age groups (0-4, 5-9, 75 &amp;gt;) and ethnic groups. Counted crude, age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100 000. The classification scheme used by ICD-10.&amp;#x2028; Results. Only one patient (0.3%) has T1N0M0 stage of disease. Stage distribution: II – 107 (28%), III – 233 (60.9%), IV – 41 (10.8%).&amp;#x2028; ASR annual incidence in breast cancer was 6.51 (1995), 8.54 (2000), and 12.53 in 2005. Cancer incidence was significantly higher at the Osh city (17.87). Average rate was registered at the Karasu (8.06), Uzgen (7.09), Aravan (6.09), Naukat (6.4), and Karakuldga (6.14) regions. Low incidence was registered at the Alay (2.12), and Chonalay (4.55) areas.&amp;#x2028; High incidence of breast cancer was registered in the urban (ASR-16.6) compared with rural regions with ASR 5.16 (RR=3.21, CI 95%- 2.7; 3.8)&amp;#x2028; Relative risk for breast cancer was significantly higher in the Slavic ethnic groups (Ukraines and Russians with ASR of 66.4 cases per 100 000) compared with 3.75 for Kyrgyzs (RR=17.7), or 7.16 for Uzbek females (RR=9.27).&amp;#x2028; High incidence rate of breast cancer was registered in female with the richest socioeconomic status (more than 80% cases), compared with poorest status. Also high incidence was demonstrated in female in reproductive time of live (53.1%), dysmenorrheal status (78.8%), and aborts in anamnesis (65.4%).&amp;#x2028; Discussion. Breast cancer incidence at the Osh region of Kyrgyzstan is very low and similar to those reported from some developing countries. These analyses suggest that relative high risk in Russians compared with native ethnic groups may be related to some reproductive characteristics, number of child, socioeconomic status, and other. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6096.
Genetic basis of rheumatoid disease: HLA antigens, disease manifestations, and toxic reactions to drugs.
Authors: G S Panayi, P Wooley, J R Batchelor
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Ninety-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 200 healthy controls were examined for HLA-D-related (HLA-DR) alloantigens. HLA-DRW4 was significantly more prevalent among the patients and was particularly common in those with a family history of the disease (77% of such patients had DRW4 compared with 34% of controls). Significantly fewer patients than controls had DRW2: patients with this antigen had rheumatoid nodules less frequently and significantly lower titres of rheumatoid factor than patients without DRW2. In contrast DRW3 was significantly more prevalent among severely affected patients with rheumatoid factor titres exceeding 1/1280 and in patients with nodules. There was a significant association between DRW2 and DRW3 and toxic reactions to sodium aurothiomalate and penicillamine. The results suggest that the HLA-DR phenotype is associated not only with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis but also with severity of the disease and whether certain toxic reactions to drugs occur.
Structural and Functional Analysis of NS1 and NS2 Proteins of H1N1 Subtype
Authors: Parveen Salahuddin, Asad U. Khan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Influenza A virus (H1N1), a genetic reassortment of endemic strains of human, avian and swine flu, has crossed species barrier to human and apparently acquired the capability of human to human transmission. Some strains of H5N1 subtype are highly virulent because NS1 protein inhibits antiviral interferon α/β production. Another protein NS2 mediates export of viral ribonucleoprotein from nucleus to the cytoplasm through export signal. In this paper, we have studied structure-function relationships of these proteins of H1N1 subtype and have determined the cause of their pathogenicity. Our results showed that non-conservative mutations slightly stabilized or destabilized structural domains of NS1 or NS1-dsRNA complex, hence slightly increased or decreased the function of NS1 protein and consequently enhanced or reduced the pathogenicity of the H1N1 virus. NS2 protein of different strains carried non-conservative mutations in different domains, resulting in slight loss of function. These mutations slightly decreased the pathogenicity of the virus. Thus, the results confirm the structure-function relationships of these viral proteins.
Beta-Blockers to Prevent Esophageal Varices — An Unfulfilled Promise
Authors: Sandeep Mukherjee, Michael Floyd Sorrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Variceal bleeding is the most feared complication of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis and is a major cause of death. Treatments frequently include endoscopic banding or sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in parallel with splanchnic vasoconstrictors and intensive medical care.1 Alternative interventions, such as decompressive surgical shunts, transjugular intrahepatic systemic shunts, and liver transplantation, are needed in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding refractory to endoscopic intervention or patients with bleeding from gastric or ectopic varices. However, the choice of therapy is based on the presence or absence of decompensated liver disease and is often influenced by local expertise. For example, . . .
Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Guide for Young People
Authors: Margaret McHugh
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Guide for Young People</i>is a small, well-written book on the issues of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its presentation in our society. With the terms "AIDS," "HIV" (human immunodeficiency virus), and "ARC" (AIDS-related complex) becoming daily items in the world's media, there is a dearth of published material aimed primarily at the younger adolescent population. This guide provides a useful primer to fill this gap for youngsters in grades 5 through 9. The vocabulary is appropriate to this age group, with frequent use of phonetics and clear definitions of biological terms. Excellent graphics used to demonstrate the immune system and its action in infections translate the mysteries of immunolgy to workable concepts—no mean feat for any book! Beginning with the case of Ryan White, a young hemophiliac with transfusion-acquired AIDS who was denied access to his school, this book provides an overview of the
STAT1-cooperative DNA binding distinguishes type 1 from type 2 interferon signaling
Authors: Andreas Begitt, Mathias Droescher, Thomas Meyer, Christoph D Schmid, Michelle Baker, Filipa Antunes, Klaus-Peter Knobeloch, Markus R Owen, Ronald Naumann, Thomas Decker, Uwe Vinkemeier
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)