tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High density lipoprotein metabolism in endurance athletes and sedentary men.
Authors: P D Thompson, E M Cullinane, S P Sady, M M Flynn, C B Chenevert, P N Herbert
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Endurance athletes have higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations than sedentary controls. To examine the mechanism for this effect, we compared HDL apoprotein metabolism in 10 endurance athletes aged 34 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD) and 10 sedentary men aged 36 +/- 8 years.Subjects were maintained on controlled diets for 4 weeks, and metabolic studies using autologously labeled 125I HDL were performed during the final 2 weeks. Lipids and lipoproteins were measured daily during these 2 weeks, and the average of 14 values was used in the analysis. HDL cholesterol (58 +/- 14 versus 41 +/- 10 mg/dl), HDL2 cholesterol (26 +/- 10 versus 12 +/- 8 mg/dl), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) (144 +/- 18 versus 115 +/- 22 mg/dl) were higher in the athletes, whereas triglyceride concentrations (60 +/- 18 versus 110 +/- 48 mg/dl) were lower (p less than 0.01 for all). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity was not different, but hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was 27% lower (p less than 0.06) in the athletes. The athletes' mean clearance rate of triglycerides after an infusion of Travamulsion (1 ml/kg) was nearly twofold that of the inactive men (5.8 +/- 1.5 versus 3.2 +/- 0.9%/min, p less than 0.001). There was no differences in HDL apoprotein synthetic rates, whereas the catabolic rates of both apo A-I (0.15 +/- 0.02 versus 0.22 +/- 0.05 pools per day, p less than 0.01) and apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) (0.15 +/- 0.02 versus 0.20 +/- 0.04 pools per day, p less than 0.05) were reduced in the trained men. Apo A-I and apo A-II half-lives correlated with HDL cholesterol in each group (r greater than 0.76, p less than 0.05 for all) but not consistently with lipase activities or fat clearance rates. This relation between apoprotein catabolism and HDL cholesterol was strongest at HDL cholesterol concentrations of less than 60 mg/dl.We conclude that higher HDL levels in active men are associated with increased HDL protein survival. The mechanisms mediating this effect require better definition, and other factors appear to contribute to HDL cholesterol and protein concentrations among individual subjects.
Ventricular Septal Defect and Ventricular Aneurysm Secondary to Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: PATRICK C. FREENY, THOMAS T. SCHATTENBERG, GORDON K. DANIELSON, DWIGHT C. MCGOON, BURTON H. GREENBERG
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Four cases of ventricular septal defect and ventricular aneurysm after myocardial infarction are reported. The clinical findings and surgical results in these four cases and in eight previously reported patients with this combination of complications are summarized. Resection of the ventricular aneurysm and closure of the ventricular septal defect appear indicated, both on theoretical grounds and in view of the excellent results observed in six patients who underwent combined repair. In one of our patients, closure of the ventricular septal defect and resection of the ventricular aneurysm were possible with only a single suture line, as these defects were anatomically contiguous.
Mouse spleen lymphoblasts generated in vitro. Recovery in high yield and purity after floatation in dense bovine plasma albumin solutions.
Authors: R M Steinman, B G Machtinger, J Fried, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Mouse spleen lymphoblasts, stimulated to divide in vitro, acquired a low cell density and could be separated by isopycnic techniques. Cultured cells were suspended in BPA columns, rho = 1.080, and spun to equilibrium. The method was simple, fast, accomodated large numbers of cells, and was reproducible. It provided lymphoblasts in high yield and purity (at least 80% of the low density cells were blasts). It allowed for the recovery of proliferating cells in their first cell cycle, and did not alter the subsequent ability of cells to proliferate when recultured in vitro. Certain properties of mouse spleen lymphoblasts were analyzed in detail. Lymphoblasts induced by LPS, FCS, con A (tetravalent and succinylated), and MLC were very similar except in the absolute numbers that were induced. The blasts exhibited the classic cytologic features of enlarged nucleoli and abundant cytoplasmic polyribosomes (basophilia). As a population, they were enlarged in size relative to nondividing cells, but this seemed to apply primarily to cells in the S and G2+ M phase of the cell cycle rather than G1. The cell cycle distribution of lymphoblasts was analyzed by flow microfluorometry. By analyzing low density cells obtained at varying intervals after mitogen stimulation, FMF indicated that lymphoblasts enter the S phase of their first cell cycle beginning at 20-24 h after stimulation.
Diesel-oil Injection Injuries
Authors: R. P. Yaxley
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Sjogren and Larsson (1957) described 28 cases of the syndrome of mental deficiency, congenital ichthyosis, and spastic diplegia in Sweden.The family data indi- cated the mode of inheritance to be monohybrid auto- somal recessive.They considered that the syndrome had not been previously reported, but three brothers described by Pisani and Cacchione (1934) are probably examples of it.In the only family so far reported in this country (Richards, Rundle, and Wilding, 1957), two of four sibs, both girls, were affected.The parents, who were unrelated, and a brother and sister were normal.Both affected children had mental deficiency, congenital ichthyosis, and symmetrical spastic diplegia.The younger child, aged 5 years, was more mildly afflicted in all respects.Her I.Q. was 60.The family was Greek-Cypriot, and had recently migrated to this country.The presen-t case is of a girl of 13 years, the child of English parents who are first cousins.The parents and the younger half-brother are normal.. . . . . . . . .
B-Scan Ultrasound in the Management of Abdominal Masses in Children
Authors: Roger C. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN ANA-modeultrasound display, the amplitude of the echoes produced at acoustic interfaces by a single wave of ultrasound is presented. TheB-scan(Brightness mode), which consists of a series of transverse and longitudinal scans made at 1- or 2-cm intervals, produces an accurate sonar  of the region. The scan is displayed on an oscilloscope as a series of dots, each indicating the location of an echo. The brightness of each dot reflects the relative strength of its echo. All these points together provide a map of the acoustic representation of the organs and lesions, in essence an ultrasonic tomogram. A picture of the oscilloscopic image made with a Polaroid camera provides a permanent record. The B-scan is an ideal diagnostic tool in children, since ultrasound examination is quick, relatively simple to perform, very well tolerated by the patient, and has no known hazards.  Diagnosis of Abdominal Lesions
CD4+CD28– costimulation-independent T cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Silva Markovic-Plese, Irene Cortese, Klaus-Peter Wandinger, Henry F. McFarland, Roland Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that CD4+ lymphocytes initiate autoimmune responses against myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis (MS). The increased frequency of activated myelin-specific cells in MS patients indicates that the activation of autoreactive cells represents a central event in the pathogenesis of the disease. We identified a CD4+ subpopulation that is characterized phenotypically by the persistent absence of surface CD28 expression and functionally by CD28-independent activation and Th1 cytokine secretion. Owing to their costimulation-independent activation and their expression of a full agonist signaling activation pattern, CD4+CD28– cells have the potential to initiate autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, a compartment devoid of professional antigen presenting cells. Long-term memory CD4+CD28– cells produce high amounts of IFN-γ and maximally upregulate IFN-γ and IL-12Rβ2 chain expression in the absence of costimulation. They exhibit prominent growth characteristics and increased survival after activation, likely related to their persistent lack of CTLA-4 surface expression. The CD4+CD28– population is expanded in a subgroup of MS patients. Myelin basic protein-specific cells detected in this cell subset may play an important role in the inflammatory response within the central nervous system.
Effect of Ritonavir on Saquinavir Metabolism
Authors: CC Carpenter
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Commentary: A police officer's lot is not a happy one
Authors: S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Derek Summerfield’s time spent working as a psychiatrist in the occupational health department of London’s Metropolitan Police Service was frustrating for him, and for the police officers that he saw.1 Summerfield found little evidence of formal mental disorders in the officers; they perceived him as a barrier between themselves and the ill health retirement to which they felt entitled. Labels such as post-traumatic stress disorder or work stress were common, ill defined, and rarely led to satisfactory treatment. Instead, Summerfield felt that professional, occupational, and domestic issues were more relevant, but ones that both doctor and officer were powerless to address. Summerfield echoes the comments of two sociologists who link the medicalisation of the workplace and the epidemic of work stress: “Why do problems and antagonisms which previously led to the picket line and the political demonstration now so often lead to the general practitioner or the counsellor?”2

Summerfield is …
Long term outcome of treating schizophrenia
Authors: Trevor Howard Turner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

urgent need in the community, many possible options are available to deal with the problem-not just telephoning 999.Patients can go to their general practitioner, telephone NHSDirect, treat themselves, call social services, or get help from a pharmacist.Often patients will not know that alternatives to telephoning 999 or seeing the general practitioner exist, and a single point of contact is needed where the patient could be put in touch with the most appropriate service.Several major players are involved, but all tend to function independently.These include general practitioners, ambulance services, social services, primary care trusts, acute trusts, mental health services, pharmacists, children's trusts, the voluntary sector, and so on.These, together with other local initiatives, have all added to the complexity of choices.What we need urgently is coordination of all these options with planning and prioritisation of services on the basis of local needs.One possible solution lies in the formation of geographically based emergency care networks.At present the evidence base in support of emergency care networks is non-existent, but networks have certainly helped in services for cancer and coronary heart diseases.Networks can operate at two levels.The higher level would cover a strategic health authority and deal with broader aspects of policy and cooperation between partners, as well as covering clinical areas not represented in every acute trust, such as major trauma.The local networks would cover an acute trust, the appropriate primary care trust or trusts, the mental health trust, social services, the voluntary sector, and all other partners.The network would meet on a regular basis and would have senior representation from the parent bodies.A first task might be to review existing services and identify problems and solutions.One area, for example, is the development of urgent care centres outside acute hospitals convenient for patients, staffed by emergency nurse practitioners and perhaps paramedics, and acting as a base for services out of hours in primary care.This requires cooperation
Observations on the Interatrial Pressure Gradients in Man
Authors: A. B. SHAFFER, E. N. SILBER, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1954)

It was possible to calculate pressure gradients across the interatrial septum in several cases of congenital heart disease. Gradients in cases of interatrial septal defect are similar to those found in animals with artificially produced defects. The data are used to form a rounded picture of the hemodynamics of interatrial septal defect. In pulmonic stenosis with interatrial communication, reversal of the usual left-to-right gradient may occur only during atrial systole. Under these circumstances it is often possible to distinguish a patent foramen ovale with competent valve from an interatrial septal defect.
GATA1s induces hyperproliferation of eosinophil precursors in Down syndrome transient leukemia
Authors: A Maroz, L Stachorski, S Emmrich, K Reinhardt, J Xu, Z Shao, S Käbler, T Dertmann, J Hitzler, I Roberts, P Vyas, G Juban, C Hennig, G Hansen, Z Li, S Orkin, D Reinhardt, J-H Klusmann
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Pharmacodynamics of long-acting folic acid-receptor targeted ritonavir-boosted atazanavir nanoformulations
Authors: Pavan Puligujja, Shantanu S. Balkundi, Lindsey M. Kendrick, Hannah M. Baldridge, James R. Hilaire, Aditya N. Bade, Prasanta K. Dash, Gang Zhang, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Santhi Gorantla, Xin-Ming Liu, Tianlei Ying, Yang Feng, Yanping Wang, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, JoEllyn M. McMillan, Howard E. Gendelman
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) that targets monocyte-macrophages could improve the drug's half-life and protein-binding capacities while facilitating cell and tissue depots. To this end, ART nanoparticles that target the folic acid (FA) receptor and permit cell-based drug depots were examined using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) tests. FA receptor-targeted poloxamer 407 nanocrystals, containing ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r), significantly increased drug bioavailability and PD by five and 100 times, respectively. Drug particles administered to human peripheral blood lymphocyte reconstituted NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2rg(tm1Wjl)/SzJ mice and infected with HIV-1ADA led to ATV/r drug concentrations that paralleled FA receptor beta staining in both the macrophage-rich parafollicular areas of spleen and lymph nodes. Drug levels were higher in these tissues than what could be achieved by either native drug or untargeted nanoART particles. The data also mirrored potent reductions in viral loads, tissue viral RNA and numbers of HIV-1p24+ cells in infected and treated animals. We conclude that FA-P407 coating of ART nanoparticles readily facilitates drug carriage and antiretroviral responses.
Lead Field Scalar and Loop Spatial Electrocardiography
Authors: R. C. JORDAN, F. W. BESWICK
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Spatial electrocardiography based on the lead field concept of McFee and Johnston appears to be theoretically more satisfactory than other systems of vectorcardiography. To determine the normal range of planar loop patterns to be expected with this technic and to compare them with those derived by previous methods, a survey of young adult males has been carried out with particular reference to the sagittal plane. The possible relationship between loop orientation and anatomic cardiac position has been investigated and a comparison made of main loop axes and the corresponding electric axes as calculated from scalar tracing areas.
Doctors must accept some portion of responsibility for events at Mid Staffordshire hospital, BMA says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors must help foster a new culture in the NHS to end the climate of “fear, bullying and harassment” that allowed the Mid Staffordshire scandal to occur, the BMA’s chairman has urged.

Mark Porter said he was “profoundly disturbed and saddened” by the findings of Robert Francis QC’s public inquiry into the catastrophic failings at Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust that led to the deaths of thousands of patients at Stafford Hospital between 2005 and 2009.

In a rallying call to the profession, Porter called for a new culture to be adopted by doctors and managers in the NHS that showed “zero tolerance to poor and dangerous care.”

The report—finally published on 6 February—said that too many doctors in Mid Staffordshire “kept their heads down” and did not pursue …
Psychogenesis of Somatic Disorders
Authors: R.A. Pierloot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Psychogenesis, considered as a linear sequential process by which psychological influences lead to somatic disturbances, is only a link in a larger bio-psycho-social interactional field. Therefore, in practice, a multilateral approach of the whole person, in his psychological, social and somatic aspects, in health and disease, in his habitual and his therapeutical contacts, should be stressed. It seems unlikely that the somatic symptoms we are confronted with can be considered as pure psychogenetically determined phenomena. This does not exclude that in the complex psychosomatic interaction, there exists at one or more stages a transition from the sphere of psychological functioning to the somatic area, ending up in somatic symptoms. This process, which we call psychogenesis, is not a single event but should be considered as an abstraction, grouping a number of component processes possibly occurring at different moments in the total system. We have distinguished four components: a psychopathological component, a psychophysiological component, a physiopathological component and a 'somatic illness experience' component. For each of these components, a number of conceptions are proposed according to the different theoretical models of psychosomatic connections. Most of these formulations are largely hypothetical or based only on fragmentary observations. Still, they offer guidelines for further research.
Successful percutaneous cholangioscopic extraction of vascular coils that had eroded into the bile duct after liver transplantation
Authors: W. Van Steenbergen, K. Lecluyse, G. Maleux, J. Pirenne
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Bleeding into the bile duct from a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of liver transplantation [1] [2] [3] [4] which can be treated by transcatheter coil embolization. Biliary coil erosion after pseudoaneurysm embolization has been reported only once before, and the treatment in that case consisted of surgical choledochotomy [5]. We present a patient who underwent coil embolization of a bleeding pseudoaneurysm after transplantation, in whom coils were later found to have migrated into the bile duct. Surgery was avoided in this patient by removal of the coils by percutaneous cholangioscopy.
Platelet Adherence to Thromboemboli in Relation to the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Duncan P. Thomas, Victor Gurewich, Thomas P. Ashford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE mechanisms by which pulmonary thromboemboli produce pulmonary hypertension, increased airway resistance, pulmonary edema and even sudden death have not been satisfactorily explained solely by mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature. The existence of reflex or humoral pathways has been invoked to explain some of these events.1 In a recent study the release of fresh, autologous stasis thrombi to the lungs of dogs was shown to induce rapid development of airway constriction.2 Similar changes were also produced in dogs by platelet microemboli formed by the administration of bacterial endotoxin.3 In both sets of experiments the acute physiologic responses to emboli . . .
Fanconi Syndrome Induced by Vemurafenib
Authors: Daphné Denis, Nathalie Franck, Fanny Fichel, Charlène Levi, Nicolas Dupin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

lyzing group A streptococci, notably without prior drug intake.Again, intraoral pustules were observed.During this episode, clinical and histologic findings were consistent with GPP. 1 The patient recalled a similar episode 20 years before with a generalized pustular eruption with systemic symptoms without prior drug intake.The patient was given oral clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) for his throat infection and 2 infusions with infliximab (5 mg/kg of body weight), which resulted in rapid clearance of the lesions.Discussion | Our patient presented with 2 episodes of acute generalized pustular eruptions.While the first episode was consistent with AGEP, the second occurred without a triggering drug and was consistent with GPP.However, current classification systems leave it unclear whether such cases should be diagnosed as AGEP or drug-elicited GPP. 4 Since recent findings have shown that pustular forms of psoriasis are related to genetic defects involving IL-36Ra, 5 we carried out genetic analysis and identified a homozygous mutation in exon 5 (c.C338T:p.S113L) of the IL36RN gene. 2 This gene encodes the anti-inflammatory IL-36Ra, which blocks the proinflammatory cytokine IL-36.Mutations in IL36RN may lead to uncontrolled IL-36 signaling and enhanced production of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1, giving rise to pustular eruptions. 3n our patient, the IL36RN mutation may predispose for and drive the generalized pustular reactions and constitutes the pathogenetic link between the overlapping presentation of AGEP and GPP.Stimulation of the immune system by either a drug hypersensitivity to amoxicillin or throat infection may thus result in uncontrolled neutrophilic skin inflammation due to a deficiency in IL-36Ra.Hence, our case supports the emerging concept that the disease taxonomy of pustular skin eruptions could in future be based on genetic profiling.Intraoral involvement was observed in half of the patients with IL-36RN-dependent DITRA (deficiency of IL-36 receptor antagonist) 1 and in 2 of 4 patients with IL-36RNdependent AGEP. 2 The observation that in our patient intraoral pustules were present during the 2 episodes of AGEP and GPP suggests that intraoral involvement during generalized pustular eruptions is a clinical clue for underlying mutations in IL36RN.Thus, intraoral involvement in cases of either AGEP or GPP should prompt clinicians to perform further testing including genetic analysis, drug-hypersensitivity tests, and detailed medical history.