tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bring back the SAC
Authors: D. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> While near cognate codons are frequently used for translation initiation in eukaryotes, their efficiencies are usually low (&lt;10% compared to an AUG in optimal context). Here we describe a rare case of highly efficient near cognate initiation. A CUG triplet located in the 5’ leader of <i>POLG</i> mRNA initiates almost as efficiently (~60-70%) as an AUG in optimal context. This CUG directs translation of a conserved 260 triplet-long overlapping ORF, which we call <i>POLGARF</i> (<i>POLG</i>Alternative Reading Frame). Translation of a short upstream ORF 5’ of this CUG governs the ratio between DNA polymerase and POLGARF produced from a single <i>POLG</i> mRNA. Functional investigation of POLGARF points to extracellular signalling. While unprocessed POLGARF resides in the nucleoli together with its interacting partner C1QBP, serum stimulation results in rapid secretion of POLGARF C-terminal fragment. Phylogenetic analysis shows that <i>POLGARF</i> evolved ~160 million years ago due to an MIR transposition into the 5’ leader sequence of the mammalian <i>POLG</i> gene which became fixed in placental mammals. The discovery of <i>POLGARF</i> unveils a previously undescribed mechanism of <i>de novo</i> protein-coding gene evolution. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> In this study, we describe previously unknown mechanism of <i>de novo</i> protein-coding gene evolution. We show that the <i>POLG</i> gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase, is in fact a dual coding gene. Ribosome profiling, phylogenetic conservation, and reporter construct analyses all demonstrate that <i>POLG</i> mRNA possesses a conserved CUG codon which serves as a start of translation for an exceptionally long overlapping open reading frame (260 codons in human) present in all placental mammals. We called the protein encoded in this alternative reading frame POLGARF. We provide evidence that the evolution of <i>POLGARF</i> was incepted upon insertion of an MIR transposable element of the SINE family.
TV: Inside My Head
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Channel 4, Sundays at 8 pm, 16 to 30 June Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> In 2000, following a survey of 10 000 UK children aged between 5 and 15, the Office for National Statistics reported that 9.5% had a “mental health disorder”—psychopathology of sufficient severity and persistence to constitute a significant impact on the child's functioning or relationships. This landmark survey consolidated an increasing body of evidence signalling that mental health is an issue that significantly affects children, young people, and their families. (Credit: VIRGINIA WOODS-JACK/CHANNEL 4) Inside My Head: responsible and moving television Only 10% of children with identifiable mental health problems receive a specialist service. The United Kingdom has 3.6 child and adolescent psychiatrists for every 100 000 children, compared with the EU average of 4.8. Less than … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Subacute Myelo-Optico-Neuropathy (SMON)
Authors: Erland Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorials1 September 1972Subacute Myelo-Optico-Neuropathy (SMON)Erland Nelson, M.D., PH.D.Erland Nelson, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-3-468 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn apparently new, certainly interesting, but rather alarming disease has appeared in Japan since the late 1950s. Originally termed "non-specific encephalomyelitis with abdominal symptoms," it was of sufficient concern for calling a symposium in 1965 at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Internal Medicine, when the new and more descriptive term, "subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy," and its abbreviated form, "SMON," were adopted. Outbreaks in 1967 prompted formation of a Special SMON Research Commission in 1969. Two preliminary but authoritative reports, in English, from members of the commission have recently been published in theJapanese Journal of Medical Science and...References1. KONO R: Subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy, a new neurological disease prevailing in Japan. Jap J Med Sci Biol 24:195-216, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SHIRAKI H: Neuropathology of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy, "SMON." Ibid, pp. 217-243 Google Scholar3. SOBUEANDOIIDA IKM: Myeloneuropathy with abdominal disorders in Japan. Neurology (Minneap) 21:168-173, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NAKAEYAMAMOTOIGATA KSA: Subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) in Japan. Lancet 2:510-512, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHIMADATSUJI YT: Halogenated oxyquinoline derivatives and neurological syndromes (letter). Lancet 2:41, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SELBY G: Subacute myelo-opticneuropathy in Australia. Lancet 1:123-125, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFlupirtineA girl with headache, confusion and green urineAntifungal agents: An overview. Part IEpidemic IatrogenesisGastrointestinal drugsCholera 1 September 1972Volume 77, Issue 3Page: 468-470KeywordsEncephalomyelitis Issue Published: 1 September 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Interaction of Heparin with an Apoprotein of Human Very Low Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Frank A. Shelburne, Steven H. Quarfordt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

An arginine-rich apoprotein obtained from human triglyceride-rich lipoprotein was isolated on a heparin affinity column when either the aqueousor urea-soluble apoproteins were applied to the column. Of all the aqueous- or urea-soluble apoproteins, only this arginine-rich protein exhibited a binding affinity to heparin. This protein was eluted from the column at sodium chloride concentrations above 0.35 M in the absence of urea and between 0.17-0.2 M when isolated in urea. The protein has been characterized by amino acid analysis, immunoelectrophoresis, dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and NH2-terminal analysis. It has the same amino acid composition, NH2-terminal, and molecular weight as previously described for human arginine-rich apoprotein.
Neurologic Dysfunction in the Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: EDUARDO MARTIN-GONZALEZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1986Neurologic Dysfunction in the Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic SyndromeEDUARDO MARTIN-GONZALEZ, M.D., MIGUEL YEBRA, M.D., ANTONIO GARCIA-MERINO, M.D., HUGO LIANO, M.D.EDUARDO MARTIN-GONZALEZ, M.D., MIGUEL YEBRA, M.D., ANTONIO GARCIA-MERINO, M.D., HUGO LIANO, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-448_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent article by Moore and colleagues (1) concerns neurologic dysfunction in the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. We report our own case, because some of its peculiarities may enlarge the spectrum of neurologic abnormalities described by these authors.A 60-year-old man developed an idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, diagnosed according to the criteria of Hardy and Anderson (2). Four months after the onset of his systemic manifestations, he developed an acute right facial palsy that subsided in 6 months and was followed, 1 year later, by a transient episode of confusion and overt psychosis. Six months later, he developed a...References1. MOOREHARLEYFAUCI PJA. Neurologic dysfunction in the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:109-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HARDYANDERSON WR. The hypereosinophilic syndromes. Ann Intern Med. 1968 68:1220-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Clinica Puerta de Hierro University Hospital 28035 Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLöffler Endocarditis Associated with Acute Lateral Medullary InfarctionCentral nervous system involvement of hypereosinophilic syndrome: A report of 10 cases and a literature reviewIdiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid by immature eosinophils: a case report and literature reviewClinical Overview of Hypereosinophilic SyndromesFluctuating MRI Findings in a Patient with Central Nervous System Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Case ReportPsychosis during interferon in eosinophilic leukaemiaPulmonary Involvement in the Hypereosinophilic SyndromeNeuropatia periférica e síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática revisão bibliográfica a propósito de um caso com apresentação atípicaState of the art: The hypereosinophilic syndromes 1 March 1986Volume 104, Issue 3Page: 448-449KeywordsParalysis Issue Published: 1 March 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Methadone Use in Adolescent Heroin Addicts
Authors: Chaim M. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Treating adolescent heroin addicts is a formidable task. The available evidence strongly suggests that the great majority do not achieve abstinence, but become even more heavily involved with drugs and crime. The present study suggests that treating these young addicts with methadone maintenance frequently stops or even reverses the socioeconomic decay associated with long-term heroin use.
Another side-effect of the "pill"?
Authors: J. O. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1969)

TABLE I.-Case 2. Investigations Day Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 18 Haemoglobin (g./100 ml.) 16-2 14-6 13 9 14-6 W.B.C./c.mm.6,600 7,200 9,400 7,
India will make 50 essential drugs available free of charge
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Fifty essential drugs are to be made available to the entire population of India free of charge, the Indian government has announced.

The government argues that the list of 50 drugs will be sufficient to deal with three quarters of most people’s medical needs and will enable it to negotiate pricing deals during procurement and provide more than a third more drugs for the same amount of money. The list includes analgesics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetes drugs.

The initiative will be implemented in selected Indian hospitals initially …
RECLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK WITH CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING IN SUBJECTS WITHOUT DOCUMENTED CORONARY HEART DISEASE: COMPARISON WITH RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON REYNOLDS RISK SCORE
Authors: Milind Y. Desai, Sandra Halliburton, Ahmad Masri, Anjali Kottha, Stacie Kuzmiak, Scott Flamm, Paul Schoenhagen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Surface‐Adhered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: Polymersome‐Aided Delivery of Therapeutic Small Molecules
Authors: Leticia Hosta‐Rigau, Bettina E. B. Jensen, Kit S. Fjeldsø, Almar Postma, Guoxin Li, Kenneth N. Goldie, Fernando Albericio, Alexander N. Zelikin, Brigitte Städler
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

The polymersome-aided trapping of a small antitumor compound in a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel matrix and the subsequent viability of myoblasts adhering to this coating is reported. The results reveal an enhanced reduction of the cell viability when the therapeutic compound is delivered from the surface in comparison to solution-based delivery.
Furosemide, Hypertension, and Osteoporosis
Authors: David D. Norenberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent study by Araoye et al further confirms the superiority of hydrochlorothiazide over furosemide for treatment of hypertension in patients with satisfactory renal function (240:1863, 1978). Another point to be made in favor of thiazides over the loop diuretics relates to the effect of long-term treatment on urinary calcium excretion. Thiazides conserve calcium; furosemide and ethacrynic acid waste it. Particularly in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with adequate kidneys, the use of furosemide as an antihypertensive is to be decried. The calciuric effect of furosemide is well known in both acute and chronic administration.<sup>1</sup>That this calcium excretion may reach a clinically important magnitude is witnessed by the fact that furosemide is used in a standard emergency treatment for hypercalcemic crises (230: 1438, 1974). In contrast, thiazide diuretics given on a long-term basis exert a calcium-retaining effect on the kidney. That this calcium saving may reach a
Medicine at a Glance
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<b>Underwater accidents</b>remain relatively rare, but Duke University Medical Center clinicians—who operate a Divers Alert Network from Durham, NC—note that about 300,000 new divers are trained each year in this country. Thus, they say, there may be as many as 3 million active sport SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) divers "who make an undetermined number of dives yearly," and among whom about 500 may encounter problems. To assist with these specialized injuries, the Duke team maintains a 24-hour emergency hotline at (919) 684-8111 that accepts collect calls about diving accidents. A nonemergency information line is available at (919) 684-2948 for medical questions related to diving, Monday through Friday, 9 AM to 5 PM EST. The program originally was federally funded (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;246:1879). Now it relies on contributions from sport divers and medical groups and offers memberships at $10 per year that include a manual, newsletter, and other information.
Tackling fears about exercise is important for ME treatment, analysis indicates
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Reducing worry that exercise or activity will worsen symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis or ME) is important for the success of cognitive behavioural therapy or graded exercise therapy in reducing fatigue and improving physical function, concludes a new analysis of data from the PACE trial, reported in the Lancet Psychiatry .1

Earlier results from the PACE (adaptive pacing, graded activity, and cognitive behaviour therapy—a randomised evaluation) trial, published in the Lancet in 2011, showed that in a group of 641 patients cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) were of more benefit at 52 weeks to people with chronic fatigue syndrome than adaptive pacing therapy (APT) and usual specialist medical care.2

In GET the patient undertakes a personalised and gradually increasing exercise programme delivered by a physiotherapist, whereas in APT the patient adapts their activity levels to the amount of energy …
861-4 Medullar neurostimulation is a safe alternative for refractory angina
Authors: Maria M Irurita, Carlos Culebras, Presentacion Vila, Juncal Irurita, Candida Deniz, Jose Fuentes, Maria Teresa Martinez de Saavedra, Isabel Molina, Florentino Sanchez, Ricardo Chirino, Vicente Nieto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
One Thousand Kilometers
Authors: Mahdi Malekpour
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor21 February 2012One Thousand KilometersMahdi Malekpour, MDMahdi Malekpour, MDFrom Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It wasn't until midsummer when I finally managed to visit my friend, a family physician in a southeastern city in Iran near the Pakistan border. We had worked jointly on a few medical research projects, and at the time he was fulfilling a public service obligation, as was his wife in a nearby town.I arrived, drained, at his office as dusk fell. His setup was just as I had imagined: a weather-beaten building, rudimentary equipment, a very basic medication cabinet, a few rooms in which to see patients, a terraced residence in the rear, and a dilapidated Land Rover ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.Corresponding Author: Mahdi Malekpour, MD, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; e-mail, [email protected]tums.ac.ir. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 4Page: 321-322KeywordsChocolateDeceptionDiarrheaHealth services researchInfantsMouthShouldersVital signs ePublished: 21 February 2012 Issue Published: 21 February 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Drug therapy in the elderly.
Authors: M R Hall
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The efficiency of the individual organs and the body lessens with age. For instance, renal function diminishes, enzyme induction is delayed, cell membrane composition and total body salt and water contents are altered, and lean body mass is reduced. Consequently, the elderly differ from younger people in their response to drugs, for their ability to handle drugs by absorption, detoxication, and excretion is naturally effected. Not surprisingly, therefore, iatrogenic disease related to drugs is very common. Fortunately, as a rule, absorption is less affected by age than excretion and detoxication. Hence the failure of an elderly person to respond to an effective drug is nearly always due to failure of the patient to take the drug rather than to absorb it. Large loading doses of drugs are, there fore, rarely necessary and in most cases it is preferable to start with a small dose, particularly if the drug is potentially toxic and likely to be poorly excreted. This does not mean that large doses of some drugs should not be given to the elderly if indicated?for example, antibiotics in acute infec tions or diuretics in the early stages of heart failure. Never theless, in using drugs in the elderly it is wise to observe a few simple rules: (1) Know the pharmacological action of the drug being used and in particular how it is metabolized and excreted. (2) Use the lowest dose that is effective in the individual patient. Higher blood concenitrations per dose are achieved and the half life of some drugs?for example, cortisol or digoxin?is prolonged in the elderly, and this can lead to accumulation and the need for lower and less frequent dosage. Drug dose should, therefore, be titrated with patient response. (3) Use the fewest drugs the patient needs. Memory, par ticularly short-term memory, deteriorates with age; conse quently complex drug regimens may be mismanaged. (4) Do not use drugs to treat symptoms without first discovering the cause of the symptoms. These may some times be due to a social deprivation syndrome which may be better dealt with by a trained social worker. (5) Do not withhold drugs on account of old age parti cularly when drug therapy may improve the old person's quality of life. (6) Do not use a drug if the symptoms it causes are worse than those it is supposed to relieve. Hence knowledge of a drug's side effects is important and one should remember that sometimes adverse reactions may be individual to the
Lack of Relation of Oral Clefts to Diazepam Use during Pregnancy
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg, Allen A. Mitchell, Judith L. Parsells, Hermine Pashayan, Carol Louik, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The hypothesis that in utero exposure to diazepam increases the risk of oral-cleft anomalies was evaluated in a case-control study, in which 445 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 166 with cleft palate without cleft lip (cleft palate alone) were compared with 2498 control infants having other birth defects. For exposure to diazepam during lunar months 1 through 4 relative to no exposure during pregnancy, the estimated relative risks were 1.0 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.5 to 2.1) and 0.8 for cleft palate alone (0.3 to 2.7). After control for all identified potential confounding factors, the corresponding estimates were 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) and 0.8 (0.2 to 2.5), respectively. The findings were unchanged when maternal suspicion that diazepam might be a teratogen was taken into account. The data suggest that first-trimester exposure to diazepam does not materially affect the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate or of cleft palate alone.
The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care
Authors: Samuel Y. Sessions
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Transforming" our health by privatisation
Authors: M. Civaner
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Last month more than 30 000 healthcare workers protested on the streets of Ankara against the privatisation policies of the Ministry of Health. Organised by the Turkish Medical Association, the demonstration was the biggest in the republic’s history. Transforming doctors into commissioners (or to petit entrepreneurs as in Turkey), patients into customers, and healthcare services into a commodity are just a few …
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis
Authors: R. H. Salter, A. E. Read
Journal: Gut (1970)

On the supposition that excessive fibrinolysis at the rectal mucosal level may contribute to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, 11 patients with this condition, in whom rectal bleeding was the predominant feature, were given a course of epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy. Six patients responded dramatically to this treatment, there was a partial response in two, no effect in two others, and one patient found it necessary to discontinue the treatment after 48 hours because of the severity of side effects.