tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Methylation of<i>APC, MGMT, RASSF2A</i>, and<i>Wif-1</i>Genes in Plasma as a Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bo Bin Lee, Eun Ju Lee, Eun Hyun Jung, Ho-Kyung Chun, Dong Kyoung Chang, Sang Yong Song, Joobae Park, Duk-Hwan Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To identify epigenetic molecular makers in plasma for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status of 10 genes in fresh-frozen tissues and corresponding plasma samples from 243 patients with stage I and II sporadic colorectal cancer, 276 healthy individuals, and plasma from 64 colorectal adenoma patients using methylation-specific PCR. The methylation score (Mscore) was used to find molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity. Results: Of the 243 colorectal cancer tissues, methylation was detected in 18% for p14, 34% for p16, 27% for APC, 34% for DAPK, 32% for HLTF, 21% for hMLH1, 39% for MGMT, 24% for RARβ2, 58% for RASSF2A, and 74% for Wif-1. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis in plasma from 243 patients with cancer and 276 healthy individuals showed that the M score of any single gene had a sensitivity of &amp;lt;40% after controlling for age, sex, and tumor location. The specificity of the M score was not different between multigene and single gene analyses, but the sensitivity of the M score was significantly increased by multigene analysis. For all patients, the M score in a model including APC, MGMT, RASSF2A, and Wif-1 genes had a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 92.1% when 1.6 was used as a cutoff. In this model, the M score had a positive predictive value of 90.6% and a negative predictive value of 88.8%. Conclusion: The present study suggests that tumor-specific methylation of APC, MGMT, RASSF2A, and Wif-1 genes might be a valuable biomarker in plasma for the early detection of colorectal cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6185–91)
Frequency of allergic contact dermatitis to isoeugenol is increasing: a review of 3636 patients tested from 2001 to 2005
Authors: J.M.L. White, I.R. White, A. Glendinning, J. Fleming, D. Jefferies, D.A. Basketter, J.P. McFadden, D.A. Buckley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Isoeugenol is an important fragrance allergen. The cosmetic industry was recommended voluntarily to reduce concentrations of isoeugenol in finished cosmetic products from 0·2% to 0·02% in 1998. It was suspected that this would reduce the incidence of patch test positivity in individuals undergoing routine patch testing after approximately 2–3 years (the Dillarstone effect). Objectives To review our patch test data since the change in practice by industry, to see if there has been an observable decrease in isoeugenol contact sensitivity. Methods We retrospectively analysed all subjects patch tested to isoeugenol 1% pet. in the St John's Department of Cutaneous Allergy over a period of 5 years, commencing 3 years after the changes. Results We identified 3636 subjects, 97 of whom were positive for isoeugenol. Year-on-year incidence shows an increasing trend, with an overall incidence of 2·67%. Using the exact Cochran–Armitage test, this ascending trend is statistically significant (P = 0·0182). Seventy-two of 97 isoeugenol-positive subjects were also positive to fragrance mix I. Other fragrances positive in these 97 patients included Myroxylon pereirae (30%), Evernia prunastri (22%) and eugenol (15%). Conclusions We suspect that the increasing trend may be due to allergen substitution with compounds chemically related to isoeugenol, or which hydrolyse to isoeugenol itself.
Prevalence of diabetes and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors. The 1992 Singapore National Health Survey.
Authors: C E Tan, S C Emmanuel, B Y Tan, E Jacob
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the 1992 Singapore National Health Survey was to determine the current distribution of major noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors, including the prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia, in Singapore. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A combination of disproportionate stratified sampling and systematic sampling were used to select the sample for the survey. The final number of respondents was 3,568, giving a response rate of 72.6%. All subjects fasted for 10 h and were given a 75-g glucose load, except those known to have diabetes. Blood was taken before and 2 h after the glucose load. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on 2-h glucose alone. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes in Singapore residents aged 18-69 years was 8.4%, with more than half (58.5%) previously undiagnosed. Prevalence of diabetes was high across all three ethnic groups. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 16.1%, that of hypertension was 6.5%, and 19.0% were regular smokers. The total cholesterol (mean +/- SD) of nondiabetic Singaporeans was 5.18 +/- 1.02 mmol/l; 47.9% had cholesterol &amp;gt; 5.2 mmol/l, while 15.4% had levels &amp;gt; 6.3 mmol/l. Mean LDL cholesterol was 3.31 +/- 0.89 mmol/l; HDL cholesterol was 1.30 +/- 0.32 mmol/l, and triglyceride was 1.23 +/- 0.82 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of diabetes was high across all three ethnic groups. Ethnic differences in prevalence of diabetes, insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, smoking, and lipid profile could explain the differential coronary heart disease rates in the three major ethnic groups in Singapore.
Transpulmonary B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Uptake and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Release in Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Vojtech Melenovsky, Hikmet Al-Hiti, Ludmila Kazdova, Antonin Jabor, Petr Syrovatka, Ivan Malek, Jiri Kettner, Josef Kautzner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Caring Physician: The Life of Dr. Francis W. Peabody
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Caring Physician: The Life of Dr. Francis W. PeabodyEdward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusEdward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Caring Physician: The Life of Dr. Francis W. PeabodyOglesby Paul. 220 pages. Boston: The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, in cooperation with The Harvard Medical Alumni Association, distributed by The Harvard University Press; 1992. $24.95.Some medical students and young physicians may have heard that “the secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient”; some older physicians may know that these were words from a Dr. Peabody, and a few yet older physicians may know who Francis A. Peabody was and where he taught.Dr. Paul goes well beyond the chronologic facts of Dr. Peabody's ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 3Page: 236KeywordsAlumniLibrariesMorphinePatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Base-rate respect: From statistical formats to cognitive structures
Authors: Aron K. Barbey, Steven A. Sloman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The commentaries indicate a general agreement that one source of reduction of base-rate neglect involves making structural relations among relevant sets transparent. There is much less agreement, however, that this entails dual systems of reasoning. In this response, we make the case for our perspective on dual systems. We compare and contrast our view to the natural frequency hypothesis as formulated in the commentaries.
Survival of Burkitt's lymphoma patients in Mulago Hospital, Uganda.
Authors: R H Morrow, M C Pike, A Kisuule
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BiLmRTs 323 diseases which, with rising standards of hygiene and public services, are in themselves assuming milder forms (Strom, 1960(Strom, , 1967)). SummaryAmong 516,276 triple-vaccinated children in Sweden from 1959 to 1965 neurological reactions to the vaccination occurred in 167 cases-destructive encephalopathy 3, convulsions 80, hypsarrhythmia 4, shock 54, uncontrollable screaming 24, serous meningitis 2. Serous meningitis was also found in three out of nine examined cases of convulsions, and elevated protein in cerebrospinal fluid in one out of four examined cases of shock.Apart from these objective signs of meningeal involvement in certain cases, the study shows that in conjunction with both convulsions and shock there may be no or very little rise of temperature.The convulsive symptoms therefore cannot be classified as a matter of course as simple febrile convulsions.The incidence of neurological reactions was 1: 3,600 vac- cinated children (1: 3,100 if cases of persistent uncontrollable screaming are included), a rise in relation to the figure of 1: 6,000 reported in a study from the years 1954 to 1958.The rise is probably merely apparent, however, owing to the more watchful eye that is kept on these conditions.The more severe reactions leading to permanent injury seem to have decreased.Analysis of the vaccinations of 208,186 children showed that 75.3 % had been completely vaccinated.The figure for the non-vaccinated was 16.4 %, rather more than half of them due to the parents' refusal.Vaccination had not been completed in 8.3%; in at least 3 % the reason was probably the severe reaction to a preceding vaccination.Apart from neurological reactions, erythema, exanthema, oedema, and gastrointestinal symptoms have also been reported.The great majority of reactions occurred after the first injection.Repeated injection appeared to produce the same reaction.All forms of reaction can be explained as being of toxic origin.An allergic mechanism would appear to be of relatively limited significance; a certain individual predisposition, however, seems to be a factor to reckon with.Finally, it is emphasized that when nation-wide vaccination is recommended detailed information should be required concerning postvaccinal reactions, as is done in Sweden in conjunction with triple vaccination.
Bortezomib-induced “BRCAness” sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to PARP inhibitors
Authors: Paola Neri, Li Ren, Kathy Gratton, Erin Stebner, Jordan Johnson, Alexander Klimowicz, Peter Duggan, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Adnan Mansoor, Douglas A. Stewart, Sagar Lonial, Lawrence H. Boise, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Role of Women in Medicine — Alcohol and Alcoholism — Defining an Internist
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

AT a time when the proportion of women entering British medical schools is approaching a parity with men, it is not surprising that there should be concern to ensure that the professional expectations of women doctors will have a reasonable chance of being fulfilled and that the community in general will benefit from the expensive training that they have undertaken. At present, women doctors have many anxieties about the future. Thus, although unmarried women are able to compete on equal terms with male colleagues, most married women feel geographically limited by their husband's place of work, and those with young . . .
Malignancy-related ascites: a diagnostic pitfall of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count
Authors: Sun-Sang Wang, Chi-Wen Lu, Yee Chao, Ming-Yang Lee, Han-Chieh Lin, Shou-Dong Lee, Yang-Te Tsai, Chung-Chia Chen, Kwang-Juei Lo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
A Clinical Study of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Donald T. Fullerton
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This paper reevaluates the psychogenic explanations of ulcerative colitis in the light of experience with 47 cases. In 52 episodes in 40 patients it was judged that psychological stress interpreted as objectloss precipitated the bleeding. Both psychiatric evaluations and psychological testing showed a consistent panpsychopathology with a preeminence of depression. This study supports the thesis that ulcerative colitis occurs in persons with immature or defective egos after real or fantasied object loss and may be viewed as a morbid grief reaction. The panpsychopathology predisposes to a morbid reaction. The authors reject hypotheses which focus on particular aspects of the panpsychopathology in order to establish symbolic meaning for the somatic pathology or to link the illness to specific difficulties in the mother-child relationship during a circumscribed phase of development.
5-year overall survival rates of uremic type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with age-matched nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease from a single dialysis center from 1991 to 1997.
Authors: G Biesenbach, R Hubmann, P Grafinger, U Stuby, G Eichbauer-Sturm, O Janko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)
Abstract 4148: Sensitive detection of tumor nucleic acids in plasma by mutation-enriched next generation sequencing.
Authors: Andre Marziali
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We have demonstrated a novel somatic mutation enrichment methodology that allows DNA sequencing to work beyond its usual limit of detection to accurately profile solid tumors by detecting their mutation signature in plasma, even when the tumor DNA is present in abundances below 0.01%. Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) is becoming the new standard for mutational profiling of tumor tissue, due to its flexibility, speed, and decreasing cost. While generally exceptional in performance, NGS suffers from a sequencing error rate of 0.1% - 1%, largely due to amplification induced artifacts in its workflow. While this does not constitute a significant problem in application of NGS to sequencing of most tumour tissues, it makes NGS impractical as a method to search for low abundance mutation signatures in plasma samples. Numerous publications have shown the presence of tumor signatures in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in plasma, but concordance between the tumor signature and the plasma signature has been limited. This is likely due to limitations in the detection technologies used to search for cfDNA in plasma. To maximize concordance between plasma and tissue, it will be essential that sensitivities reaching 0.01% and below (as little as a single tumor mutant allele per sample) be achieved, and ideally that multiple mutational hot spots be analyzed to maximize the chance of detection. Current technologies are incapable of such sensitivity over a large number of mutation loci. We have developed a novel electrophoretic method that can enrich nucleic acid samples over 1,000,000-fold for up to 100 somatic mutations, enabling reliable profiling of samples containing as little as 0.01% mutant. By enriching nucleic acid samples for specific targets prior to amplification and sequencing, we enable the use of NGS in plasma-based mutation detection and profiling. We present data demonstrating highly sensitive multiplexed mutation detection in plasma samples, demonstrating 0.01% sensitivity. We also report on concordance studies between mutation incidence in tissue and matched plasma in human samples. Citation Format: Andre Marziali. Sensitive detection of tumor nucleic acids in plasma by mutation-enriched next generation sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4148. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4148
Atypical Femoral Fractures and Bisphosphonate Use
Authors: Christian M. Girgis, Doron Sher, Markus J. Seibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Since 2007, there have been several reports suggesting a potential association between the use of bisphosphonates and the occurrence of subtrochanteric or so-called atypical femoral ...
Mouse or Man: Is GAD the cause of type I diabetes?
Authors: George S Eisenbarth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

Recent headlines in the national and presumably international news media have characterized the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) as the cause of type I diabetes. The news accounts were stimulated by two excellent research reports that indicated that Tcells from the spleens of young NOD mice responded to GAD before other autoantigens and that intravenous injection of GAD or intrathymic injection of GAD prevented the development of diabetes (1,2).
821 Dynamin mediates microtubule-centrosome organization in hepatocytes
Authors: H THOMPSON, M MCNIVEN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

DNA molecules complexed with an asialoglycoprotein–polycation conjugate, consisting of asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) coupled to poly-l-lysine, can enter hepatocytes which bear receptors for ASOR. We used this receptor-mediated DNA delivery system to deliver plasmid DNA encoding glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 to ASOR-positive cells. Maximum expression of gD protein was seen at 3 days after injection of this preparation in approximately 13% of cells from BALB/c mice [hepatocytes from mice injected intravenously (i.v.) or peritoneal exudate cells from mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)]. In comparison with mice injected with either the plasmid vector alone or the gD-containing plasmid uncomplexed to ASOR, mice immunized with gD-containing plasmid complexed with ASOR–poly-l-lysine induced marked antigen-specific CTL responses. BALB/c mice immunized with gD–DNA developed a T-cell-mediated CTL response against target cells expressing gD and MHC class II glycoproteins, but not against cells expressing only gD and MHC class I molecules. In C3H mice, gD–DNA induced a T-cell-mediated CTL response against target cells expressing gD and class I MHC molecules. Serum anti-gD antibody in low titers were produced in both strains of mice. DNA complexed with ASOR–poly-l-lysine induced CTL responses in mice.
Occupational cancer in the European part of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Authors: M A Bulbulyan, P Boffetta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Precise information on the number of workers currently exposed to carcinogens in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is lacking. However, the large number of workers employed in high-risk industries such as the chemical and metal industries suggests that the number of workers potentially exposed to carcinogens may be large. In the CIS, women account for almost 50% of the industrial work force. Although no precise data are available on the number of cancers caused by occupational exposures, indirect evidence suggests that the magnitude of the problem is comparable to that observed in Western Europe, representing some 20,000 cases per year. The large number of women employed in the past and at present in industries that create potential exposure to carcinogens is a special characteristic of the CIS. In recent years an increasing amount of high-quality research has been conducted on occupational cancer in the CIS; there is, however, room for further improvement. International training programs should be established, and funds from international research and development programs should be devoted to this area. In recent years, following privatization of many large-scale industries, access to employment and exposure data is becoming increasingly difficult.
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Quality of Life
Authors: Kathryn M. Rexrode, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatoduodenectomy for Islet-Cell Tumor of the Pancreas in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Eric W. Fonkalsrud
Journal: JAMA (1966)

EIGHTEEN CASES of carcinoma of the pancreas in infants and children have been reported.<sup>1-4</sup>All those not treated by radical excision of the tumor have died. The importance of aggressive surgical treatment in children with this neoplasm is emphasized by the long survival of three of four previously reported patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy.<sup>1,2,4</sup> This report reviews the history of an 8-year-old boy who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for an islet-cell tumor of the pancreas five years ago. The rare occurrence of this tumor in the pediatric age group together with the five-year survival seem worthy of mention. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient is a white boy who was delivered spontaneously on July 4, 1958, after a normal full-term pregnancy. He weighed 7 lb 8 oz (3.4 kg) at birth and no abnormalities were found. Growth and development during infancy were normal. At the age of 2 1/2 years the
The National Practitioner Data Bank
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MEDICAL incompetence is a twofold problem for this nation's citizens. It subjects patients to unwarranted risks and poor outcomes, and it contributes to higher payments for health care owing to increased liability awards and premiums with the consequent practice of "defensive" medicine.<sup>1-3</sup>In addition, it interferes with the availability of necessary medical services.<sup>4-6</sup>Currently, these issues are being discussed as part of the debate surrounding reform of the health care system in the United States. The Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) of 1986, however, established a legal base and a national reporting system intended to improve the ability of the health professions to police themselves.<sup>7</sup>The act's principal program, the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB), is designed to collect comprehensive data on adverse actions taken against and malpractice payments made on behalf of practitioners and make them available to credentialing authorities. The NPDB opened on September