tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gulf war illness
Authors: A. David, S. Ferry, S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It is six years since the end of the Persian Gulf war, and we are just beginning to see the publication of scientific research addressing the long term health of those who took part. The four papers on this topic in last week's JAMA 1 2 3 4 are therefore of considerable interest. Service men and women deployed in the Gulf were exposed to several potentially serious physical and psychological stressors. These include immunisations, pyridostigmine prophylaxis, pollution from oil fires, and the liberal use of pesticides, a list that continues to grow. The campaign took place in inhospitable surroundings and was conducted under the threat of exposure to some of the most fearsome weapons yet invented. Some adverse effects on health are therefore unsurprising.

The first of the JAMA papers is a survey of all veterans, both deployed and non-deployed, from the state of Iowa.1 It is the first population based survey of its kind and achieved an impressive response rate (76%). It provides strong evidence of a health problem associated with service in the Gulf,5 since the military staff who were deployed were twice as likely to report symptoms as those not deployed (14.7% v 6.6% reporting two or more problems). The biggest differences in reporting rates were for cognitive dysfunction, fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, alcohol misuse, respiratory problems, and chronic fatigue. There was no increase in risk of more specific illnesses such as cancers. These findings are similar to those reported in veterans of previous conflicts.6 The researchers also asked about the whole range of possible exposures. Each exposure was associated with each outcome, suggesting either that each has the capacity to cause a wide range of problems or that the data were susceptible to recall bias.

The other three papers, from Robert Haley …
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion corrects exercise-induced albuminuria in juvenile diabetes.
Authors: V A Koivisto, N P Huttunen, P Vierikko
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Intravascular haemolysis with acute renal failure after angiocardiography Complications of coronary angiography are uncommon and usually cardiovascular.'We report a case of intravascular haemolysis with acute renal failure after angiocardiography.
CLINICAL RESULTS OF TRIFLUPROMAZINE (VESPRIN) IN 132 PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: VERONICA M. PENNINGTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Vesprin (oral or parenteral) is an effective phrenotropic agent in many acute and chronic psychotic cases. It is capable of restoring patients in all classifications of schizophrenia as well as in the manic-depressive, manic type groups. Because side effects are benign and dosage-controlled, Vesprin is a safe medicament in the hands of careful and experienced workers.
Early prognosis of epilepsy.
Authors: S D Shorvon, E H Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In 94 previously untreated new referrals to a neurological clinic with tonic-clonic or partial seizures or both the failure rate for optimum single-drug treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine after a median of 32 months was 17%. Failure of single-drug treatment was associated especially with the presence of additional neuropsychiatric handicaps but also with partial or mixed seizures, symptomatic epilepsy, and a higher number and frequency of tonic-clonic or partial seizures before treatment. Analysis of the recurrence of seizures suggested that the first year of treatment may be crucial in determining the long-term prognosis. These findings are in keeping with the concept that seizures may predispose to further seizures, and imply that early, effective treatment may be important to prevent evolution into chronic and more intractable epilepsy.
Two fifths of pregnant women in India are underweight
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More women in India are underweight at the start of pregnancy than those in sub-Saharan Africa, a study has found.

India has no national monitoring system for health in pregnancy. Diane Coffey, from Princeton University in the United States and a visiting researcher at the Centre for Development Economics of the Delhi School of Economics, used data from the Demographic and Health Survey in 2005 to estimate the body mass index of women in India and sub-Saharan Africa before they became pregnant and how much weight they gained during pregnancy.

The survey found that …
Pick-A-Back Instrumentation Channel
Authors: E. Frimberger
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

By means of the pick-a-back instrumentation channel it is possible to convert 1-channel-endoscopes into 2-channel-endoscopes during endoscopy. Practical experience was gained using the instrument during clinical coloscopy. The pick-a-back device consists of an annular releasable fitting which is connected to a bowden tube. The pick-a-back instrumentation channel can be attached to the coloscope in situ by means of the releasable annular fitting. It is introduced peranally and can be advanced towards the tip of the coloscope by means of the bowden tube. When the fitting has reached the tip of the coloscope the bowden tube can be used as an additional instrumentation channel.
Protestors take to the streets over NHS cuts and closures
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
Malignant hypertension in women of childbearing age and its relation to the contraceptive pill.
Authors: K G Lim, C G Isles, G P Hodsman, A F Lever, J W Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Eleven of 34 women aged 15-44 with malignant phase hypertension were taking oral contraceptives at presentation. All had had normal blood pressure before starting to take the pill. In four the interval between the start of oral contraception and the diagnosis of malignant hypertension was less than four months, and in eight no other cause for the hypertension was found. Underlying renal disease and renal failure were less common among pill users than among non-users with malignant hypertension who were of similar age. No pill user became normotensive after withdrawal of the pill, but blood pressure was well controlled (diastolic less than 90 mm Hg) in three patients taking only one drug. By contrast, all 23 non-users needed two or more antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure. Ten year survival was 90% among pill users and 50% among non-users. These results suggest that oral contraceptives may be a common cause of malignant hypertension in women of child-bearing age. If the pill is stopped and underlying renal disease excluded the long term prognosis for such patients is excellent.
Doctor in India arrested over irregularities trial of vaccine
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Doctor in India arrested over irregularities trial of vaccine Ganapati MudurUpdate: In 2009 the Court of Sessions of Greater Bombay acquitted Dr Ishwar Gilada from all offences brought against him in relation to the patient Girdhar Verma.The Court held that there was no evidence to show that HIV vaccines were imported or provided by Dr Gilada to Verma, who died in 1998, or to any other patient.It added that there was no evidence to show that the deceased was treated by Dr Gilada over the relevant period.(Updated 19/06/2018) Indian police have arrested a doctor in Bombay and charged him with arranging clandestine trials of an unapproved vaccine on people in the city who are infected with HIV.The police have charged Dr Ishwar Gilada, founder-director of a non-governmental agency working with HIV patients, of "providing misleading information to patients" and "causing death from negligence."
New UK guidelines highlight role of testosterone in sexual disorders
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Men and women should be routinely asked about their sex life, say new guidelines on the management of testosterone deficiency and sexual disorders.

Doctors behind the guidelines say that patients and doctors lack awareness of and are reluctant to discuss sexual problems and that the importance of sexual function for general health needs to be more widely recognised.

The guidelines have been developed by the British Society for Sexual Medicine in collaboration with a number of other organisations, including the British Menopause Society, the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Pathologists, and the Society for Endocrinology ( Maturitas , doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.011).

They recommend that patients routinely …
Progression of overt nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Authors: Bryan D. Myers, Robert G. Nelson, Ming Tan, Gerald J. Beck, Peter H. Bennett, William C. Knowler, Kristina Blouch, William E. Mitch
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

The detection of overt albuminuria (> 300 mg/g creatinine) in the absence of azotemia was used to diagnose early nephropathy in 34 Pima Indians with NIDDM of 16 +/- 1 years duration. Differential solute clearances were performed serially to define the course of the glomerular injury over 48 months. At baseline, the GFR (107 +/- 5 ml/min), filtration fraction and sieving coefficients of relatively permeant dextrans (< 52 A) were all depressed below corresponding values in 20 normoalbuminuric Pima Indians with a similar duration of NIDDM. Over the ensuing 48 months the GFR (-34%) and filtration fraction (-13%) in the nephropathic patients declined further. The sieving coefficients of large, nearly impermeant dextrans (> 56 A radius) increased selectively and fractional clearances of albumin and IgG increased correspondingly by > 10-fold. Analysis of the findings with pore theory revealed: (1) a progressive decline in pore density and the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf); and (2) broadening of glomerular pore-size distribution that resulted in greater prominence of large pores (> 70 A radius). We conclude that increasing loss of intrinsic ultrafiltration capacity is the predominant cause of the early and progressive decline in GFR that follows the development of nephropathy in NIDDM. We speculate that progressive impairment of barrier size-selectivity contributes to but does not fully account for the increasingly heavy proteinuria that is observed early in the course of this disorder.
Legislation trumps individual interventions
Authors: S. Capewell, K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Godlee highlights the potentially powerful interventions to prevent chronic disease1 also recommended in Piot and Ebrahim’s editorial. The articles by Reckless, Hingorani and Hemingway, and Khunti and colleagues detail the limitations of tablet based primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but none mentions what makes population wide policy interventions a “best buy” for rich and poor countries alike. In brief, they are powerful, rapid, equitable, …
Life's unfair
Authors: J. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

improved haemostasis.Use of predeposited auto- logous blood, intraoperative autotransfusion, and haemodilution are not readily adaptable to neonates having extensive surgery, although they may be appropriate for older children.2After our success in resecting a large sacrococcygeal teratoma with minimal blood loss when we used aprotinin in the child of Jehovah's Wit-nesses3 we have observed both subjective and objective reductions in blood loss and transfusion requirements in neonates having surgery for sacrococcygeal teratoma, necrotising enterocolitis, and massive cervical cystic hygroma when we used a bolus of aprotinin (10000 kIU/kg (=1 ml/kg)) on induction of anaesthesia followed by an infusion at 1 ml/kg/h during the operative period.Our only other experience in the perioperative use of desmopressin is in patients with von Willebrand's disease.We suggest that further evaluation of the use of aprotinin perioperatively may obviate the need for expensive recombinant erythropoietin to treat postoperative anaemia.The legal recourse available when transfusion is necessary deserves clarification.While the courts may uphold the decision of an adult Jehovah's Witness to refuse transfusion, parents would be charged with neglect for failing to seek, or permit, desirable medical treatment for their children, even if that treatment were to contravene religious doctrine.Parental refusal of transfusion does not necessarily necessitate making the child a ward of court and thereby removing all parental authority as in most cases this is a conflict of interest between religious beliefs and the wellbeing of the child.Parents may be absolved of this particular respon- sibility by a specific issue order, which gives legal sanction to only the action identified, such as the administration of blood.A specific issue order is made under the private law provisions of the 1989 Children Act, and the High Court is approached direct.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
Authors: Gary L. Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

IN their classic paper describing the clinical syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Schwartz et al. deduced that the abnormal combination of hyponatremia with concentration of the urine and renal sodium wasting was probably due to sustained production of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) in the presence of increased water intake.1 This deduction, based on previous findings that a similar combination of defects resulted from the administration of vasopressin and liberal amounts of water to normal subjects,2 was confirmed many years later by the measurement of plasma vasopressin in patients with cancerous and noncancerous forms of the syndrome.3 From the . . .
A CASE OF FATAL METASTASIZING "ERYTHROPLASIA".
Authors: MARY WITHAM, MAURICE GARRETTS, ARNOLD LEVINE, ARTHUR JARRETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article A CASE OF FATAL METASTASIZING “ERYTHROPLASIA”. Get access MARY WITHAM, MARY WITHAM Dermatological Department, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MAURICE GARRETTS, MAURICE GARRETTS Dermatological Department, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ARNOLD LEVINE, ARNOLD LEVINE Dermatological Department, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ARTHUR JARRETT ARTHUR JARRETT Dermatological Department, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1 June 1958, Pages 201–210, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13322.x Published: 01 June 1958
Twenty-four hour gastric acidity after vagotomy.
Authors: R F McCloy, D P Girvan, J H Baron
Journal: Gut (1978)

Twenty-four hour intragastric pH during normal daily activity has been studied by nasogastric intubation and aspiration of gastric samples in seven patients four years after vagotomy (four truncal, three selective). Two of these patients also had pre- and early postoperative studies. Mean pH was inversely correlated with basal, insulin- and pentagastrin-stimulated acid outputs. However, one of four patients after truncal vagotomy with drainage, and two of three after selective vagotomy and drainage had most of their hourly intragastric pH values more acidic than pH 3.5 despite more than 70% reductions in preoperative stimulated-acid outputs.
Tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: Hans L. Rieder
Journal: JAMA (1989)

TUBERCULOSIS, the "captain of all men of death," had long seemed to be gradually losing its grip on the US population as fewer cases were reported each year. Even an increase in 1980 that was attributable to cases arising from the large influx of refugees from Kampuchea, Laos, and Vietnam<sup>1</sup>seemed only to halt temporarily the steady decline in tuberculosis morbidity. As recently as 1984 it seemed that the 1990 objective for the nation of an annual risk of 8.0 per 100 000 population would be met.<sup>2</sup>However, the expected downward trend was halted in 1985 and reversed in 1986 with the occurrence of the first increase in the number of indigenous tuberculosis cases since national reporting began in 1953.<sup>3,4</sup> Since 1985 all states have provided individual reports to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, on every case of tuberculosis reported in their jurisdictions. Before 1985, morbidity data
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis: Confirmation of Diagnosis by Endoscopic Puncture A Review of Pathogenesis, Associated Disease and Therapy and a New Theory of Cyst Formation
Authors: J. Höer, S. Truong, N. Virnich, L. Füzesi, V. Schumpelick
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is the term for the formation of intramural gas filled cysts of unclear pathogenesis in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. We report two patients with PCI where the diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic puncture of a lesion, resulting in a complete deflation of the cyst, and two patients who underwent surgery. Endoscopy offers a safe and quick way to confirm the diagnosis of PCI. The immunohistochemical study revealed histiocytic cells and foreign body giant cells in the cystic wall, corresponding to a secondary histiocytic organization of gas-filled pseudocysts rather than to the widespread theory of gas-filled lymph vessels.
The Veterans Administration Medical Care Program
Authors: Irvin J. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

REPEATED references have been made in medical literature and the public press to the striking progress in medical care in the Veterans Administration during the past two decades. This progress has been attributed to many factors by various authors and commentators.Only three truly professional reviews have appeared during the period since the advent of the Department of Medicine and Surgery in 1945. Kracke,1 in 1950, presented the history of the Veterans Administration and the basic policies prevailing at that time. He highlighted the growth of hospitals and the role of medical schools and organized medicine in bringing the care . . .
A Transposon and Transposase System for Human Application
Authors: Perry B Hackett, David A Largaespada, Laurence JN Cooper
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

The stable introduction of therapeutic transgenes into human cells can be accomplished using viral and nonviral approaches. Transduction with clinical-grade recombinant viruses offers the potential of efficient gene transfer into primary cells and has a record of therapeutic successes. However, widespread application for gene therapy using viruses can be limited by their initially high cost of manufacture at a limited number of production facilities as well as a propensity for nonrandom patterns of integration. The ex vivo application of transposon-mediated gene transfer now offers an alternative to the use of viral vectors. Clinical-grade DNA plasmids can be prepared at much reduced cost and with lower immunogenicity, and the integration efficiency can be improved by the transient coexpression of a hyperactive transposase. This has facilitated the design of human trials using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to introduce a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to redirect the specificity of human T cells. This review examines the rationale and safety implications of application of the SB system to genetically modify T cells to be manufactured in compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) for phase I/II trials. The stable introduction of therapeutic transgenes into human cells can be accomplished using viral and nonviral approaches. Transduction with clinical-grade recombinant viruses offers the potential of efficient gene transfer into primary cells and has a record of therapeutic successes. However, widespread application for gene therapy using viruses can be limited by their initially high cost of manufacture at a limited number of production facilities as well as a propensity for nonrandom patterns of integration. The ex vivo application of transposon-mediated gene transfer now offers an alternative to the use of viral vectors. Clinical-grade DNA plasmids can be prepared at much reduced cost and with lower immunogenicity, and the integration efficiency can be improved by the transient coexpression of a hyperactive transposase. This has facilitated the design of human trials using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to introduce a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to redirect the specificity of human T cells. This review examines the rationale and safety implications of application of the SB system to genetically modify T cells to be manufactured in compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) for phase I/II trials.
Outcomes of Treatment vs Observation of Localized Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men
Authors: Mark C. Scholz, Richard Y. Lam, Laurence Klotz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal