tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National cancer mortality and incidence in Japan.
Authors: M Kurihara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

In Japan cancer mortality statistics have been prepared by site, sex, and age group since 1937. The trends in age-adjusted death rates for selected sites from 1937 to 1975 in intervals of two or three years, and the age-adjusted death rates for some sites by prefecture in 1968-1972 were summarized. Concerning the accuracy of cancer mortality statistics, special consideration should be given to senility in Japan. In 1975 deaths due to senility accounted for 4.3% of all deaths for all ages. Though the regional cancer registration was being operated in 16 prefectures in Japan as of 1976, the incidence rates were published for only six prefectures. The percentage of cases registered from death certificate only in six registries in Japan was compared with that in the registries in the United States, indicating that the completeness of registration was yet unsatisfactory in Japan. As an index of accuracy of diagnosis, the percentage of cases confirmed histologically was also compared.
Association of Marginal Folate Depletion With Increased Human Chromosomal Damage In Vivo: Demonstration by Analysis of Micronucleated Erythrocytes
Authors: R. B. Everson, C. M. Wehr, G. L Erexson, J. T. MacGregor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Association of Marginal Folate Depletion With Increased Human Chromosomal Damage In Vivo: Demonstration by Analysis of Micronucleated Erythrocytes Get access Richard B. Everson, Richard B. Everson * 3Epidemiology Branch, Biometry and Risk Assessment Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle ParkNC *Correspondence to: Dr. Richard B. Everson, Epidemiology Branch, Biometry and Risk Assessment Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop A3-02, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carol M. Wehr, Carol M. Wehr 5U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, BerkeleyCA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory L Erexson, Gregory L Erexson 6Environmental Health Research and Testing, Research Triangle ParkNC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James T. MacGregor James T. MacGregor 5U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, BerkeleyCA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 7, 1 June 1988, Pages 525–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.7.525 Published: 01 June 1988 Article history Received: 19 October 1987 Revision received: 28 March 1988 Accepted: 29 March 1988 Published: 01 June 1988
Efficacy of Short-Course AZT Plus 3TC to Reduce Nevirapine Resistance in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: James A. McIntyre, Mark Hopley, Daya Moodley, Marie Eklund, Glenda E. Gray, David B. Hall, Patrick Robinson, Douglas Mayers, Neil A. Martinson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP)-which prevents mother-to-child transmission of HIV-selects non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations in the majority of women and HIV-infected infants receiving it. This open-label, randomised trial examined the efficacy of short-course zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) with sdNVP in reducing NNRTI resistance in mothers, and as a secondary objective, in infants, in a setting where sdNVP was standard-of-care.sdNVP alone, administered at the onset of labour and to the infant, was compared to sdNVP with AZT plus 3TC, given as combivir (CBV) for 4 (NVP/CBV4) or 7 (NVP/CBV7) days, initiated simultaneously with sdNVP in labour; their newborns received the same regimens. Women were randomised 1ratio1ratio1. HIV-1 resistance was assessed by population sequencing at: baseline, 2, and 6 wk after birth. An unplanned interim analysis resulted in early stopping of the sdNVP arm. 406 pregnant women were randomised and took study medication (sdNVP 74, NVP/CBV4 164, and NVP/CBV7 168). HIV-1 resistance mutations emerged in 59.2%, 11.7%, and 7.3% of women in the sdNVP, NVP/CBV4, and NVP/CBV7 arms by 6 wk postpartum; differences between NVP-only and both NVP/CBV arms were significant (p<0.0001), but the difference between NVP/CBV4 and NVP/CBV7 was not (p = 0.27). Estimated efficacy comparing combined CBV arms with sdNVP was 85.6%. Similar resistance reductions were seen in infants who were HIV-infected by their 6-wk visit.A short course of AZT plus 3TC, supplementing maternal and infant sdNVP, reduces emergent NNRTI resistance mutations in both mothers and their infants. However, this trial was not powered to detect small differences between the CBV arms.www.ClinicalTrials.govNCT 00144183.
Managed care: origins, principles, and evolution
Authors: G. Fairfield, D. J Hunter, D. Mechanic, F. Rosleff
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Managed care has entered the lexicon of healthcare reform, but confusion and ignorance surround its meaning and purpose. It seeks to cut the costs of health care while maintaining its quality, but the evidence that it is able to achieve these aims is mixed. As well as raising awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding managed care, this series considers whether managed care is desirable for the NHS. Developed in the United States as a response to spiralling healthcare costs and dysfunctional fragmented services, managed care is not a discrete activity but a spectrum of activities carried out in a range of organisational settings. Due to its constantly changing nature, managed care is a slippery concept–but all its permutations have in common an attempt to influence and modify the behaviour and practice of doctors and other health professionals towards cost effective care. Whatever potential managed care may hold in this regard, careful appraisal of its implications is essential.
A Case of Sepsis Simulating Disease of the Brain.
Authors: A. B. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Pawnee City, Neb., Aug. 10,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following case being so unusual as to the symptoms, I think worthy of a place in theJournal. Mrs. M., was on June 14 delivered of a female child at term, Labor lasted only two hours, but placenta remained until my arrival six hours afterward. Placenta was easily delivered and everything went well until June 20, when patient complained of severe occipital pain. A few doses of acetanilid comp. relieved the pain. I saw the patient the next day; she was feeling well; the lochia and lacteal secretion normal, temperature normal but pulse 90. June 23, during my absence, Dr. Wright was called and found patient had been unconscious for a short time, with involuntary discharges from the bowels. At the time of his visit, consciousness had returned, but there was trembling and nervousness with some difficulty of speech. Temperature 99½
Appearance of Ga-67 Citrate Scanning in a Patient with Mikulicz??s Syndrome Associated with Non-Hodgkin??s Lymphoma
Authors: IGOR SINGER, ANDREW McLAUGHLIN, JOHN MORRIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The case of a patient with Mikulicz's syndrome and associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. Description of the Ga-67 scan in Mikulicz's syndrome is presented
Noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity pattern by transthoracic color doppler echocardiography can predict adverse cardiac events in reperfused anterior wall acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Minako Katayama, Atsushi Yamamuro, Yoshiaki Ueda, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Motoaki Ibuki, Shin Mizoguchi, Tsutomu Takagi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Kunihiko Nagai, Tomoko Tani, Toshikazu Yagi, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Champetier de Ribes's Bag in Placenta Praevia
Authors: O. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1896)

which can supply plenty of serum.The Pasteur Institute at Lille has at present in its possession enough venom and sufficient completely immunised horses to supply the most pressing needs, and the serum, which is prepared in conditions ensuring absolute purity, will keep for more than a year without losing any of its curative properties.In all countries where serpents claim yearly numerous victims, and particularly in India, where the annual number of deaths from poisoned bites reaches more than 22,000, the Governments should devote themselves to the foundation,
Indications for the Brock operation in current treatment of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: H. R. Matthews, R. H. R. Belsey
Journal: Thorax (1973)

It is now generally accepted that a certain proportion of children with severe tetralogy of Fallot are anatomically unsuitable for one-stage total correction of the anomaly. The choice of the best preliminary operation for these is still in some doubt, however. Following Brock9s original hypothesis that relief of the outflow obstruction will encourage enlargement of the main pulmonary artery and annulus (and therefore favour subsequent successful total correction) we have preferred this procedure in all cases not suitable for immediate total correction. In a consecutive series of 36 cases the results have been found to be very acceptable and to compare favourably with those obtained with anastomotic procedures such as the Blalock or Waterston shunt. The operation has been accomplished with an 11% mortality, and in 72% of cases cyanosis has been abolished under conditions of normal exercise. Sixteen cases have subsequently come to total correction with a 25% mortality and a 75% `cure9 rate. In the light of this experience we find that closed pulmonary valvotomy with or without infundibular resection has a definite and valuable place in the current treatment of Fallot9s tetralogy. General and specific indications for its use are presented.
Respective roles of hypoxia and halothane metabolism in halothane-induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Hitoshi Hatano, Fumio Nomura, Kunihiko Ohnishi, Toshihiko Iijima, Akira Hayasaka, Shinji Iida, Hirofumi Koen, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

To evaluate the respective roles of halothane metabolism and hypoxia in rats with halothane hepatotoxicity, experiments were designed with special reference to blood gas. After pretreatment with phenobarbital (80 mg per kg., i.p.) for four consecutive days, rats were exposed to 1.0% halothane under a mildly hypoxic condition (FiO2 = 14%) for 2 hr. Since halothane anesthesia caused significant decrease in PaO2 levels, rats exposed to a highly hypoxic atmosphere (FiO2 = 10%) in which PaO2 levels were comparable to those in the halothane group, served as the control. In the halothane group, marked centrilobular necrosis and elevation of SGPT activity were observed; neither significant histological lesions nor elevation of transaminase activity occurred in the highly hypoxic group. Although phenobarbital treatment did not decrease PaO2 levels during halothane anesthesia, the serum fluoride level, which appears to reflect quantitatively the reductive pathway of halothane metabolism, increased. These results strongly indicate that halothane metabolism rather than hypoxia, per se, plays a major role in development of halothane-induced liver injury in rats.
Reply: From Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis to Cystic Fibrosis: Got Lactate?
Authors: Robert Kottmann, Richard Phipps, Patricia Sime
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

We read the contribution of Kottmann and coworkers on the role of lactic acid in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (1) with great interest.The authors showed that lactic acid is elevated in the lung tissue of patients with IPF and proposed that lactic acid induced myofibroblast differentiation via activation of transforming growth factor-b with a subsequent increase of hypoxiainducible factor-1a and lactate dehydrogenase-5 expression (1).The source of lactate, however, was not identified.Our investigations on lactate expression in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients with the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis (CF) suggest a potential source.It is generally accepted that neutrophils are a predominant cell type in lung tissues and airways of patients with CF and IPF (2, 3), although neutrophil influx is more intense in CF ( 4), and the mechanisms that lead to neutrophil influx are obviously different.Activation of neutrophils with subsequent necrotic decay during chronic stimulation provokes the release of various components from neutrophil granules and cytosol, and large amounts of lactate can be present in airspace secretions (5).Disrupted microvasculature and impaired angiogenesis may promote tissue ischemia in IPF ( 6), and tissue ischemia has also been observed in fibrotic tissues in systemic sclerosis (7).Our data show concentrations of lactate in sputum (3.4 6 2.3 mmol/L) that are similar to that measured by Kottmann and coworkers (3.8 6 0.5 mmol/L) (1), and we have demonstrated profoundly hypoxic conditions in airspace secretions of patients with CF via bronchoscopy (8).Additionally, lactate can be detected in BAL from patients with CF (unpublished data) and correlates with neutrophil influx and concentrations of neutrophil granule contents (myeloperoxidase and elastase).Strikingly, as in IPF, chronic inflammation in CF leads to alveolar tissue remodeling with extensive expression of nuclear factor-kB, insulin-like growth factor-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and increased numbers of myofibroblasts (2).Thus, accumulation of lactate, which may be derived from neutrophils under conditions of tissue hypoxia, may promote pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue remodeling in CF that are similar to that described by Kottmann and colleagues in IPF.
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor 22 (<i>PTPN22</i>) Is Associated With High GAD Antibody Titer in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Antonio Petrone, Concetta Suraci, Marco Capizzi, Andrea Giaccari, Emanuele Bosi, Claudio Tiberti, Efisio Cossu, Paolo Pozzilli, Alberto Falorni, Raffaella Buzzetti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We previously demonstrated the presence of two different populations among individuals with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: those having either a high titer or a low titer of antibodies to GAD (GADAs). Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) has been identified as a new susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes based on the GADA titer is associated with the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism.Analysis for the C1858T polymorphism using the TaqMan assay was performed in 250 subjects with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes, divided into two subgroups with low (<or=32 arbitrary units) or high (>32 arbitrary units) GADA titers and 450 subjects with classic type 2 diabetes (from the Non Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes [NIRAD] Study cohort of 5,330 subjects with adult-onset diabetes) and in 558 subjects with juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes and 545 normoglycemic subjects.Genotype, allele, and phenotype distributions of the PTPN22 C1858T variant revealed similar frequencies in autoimmune diabetes with high GADA titer and juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes. An increase in TT and CT genotypes was observed in individuals with a high GADA titer compared with a low GADA titer, those with type 2 diabetes, and control subjects (P < 0.002 for all comparisons). The PTPN22 1858T allele and phenotype frequencies were increased in high GADA titer compared with a low GADA titer, type 2 diabetic, and control subjects (P < 0.001 for all comparisons, odds ratio 2.6).In adult-onset autoimmune diabetes, the PTPN22 1858T variant is associated only with a high GADA titer, providing evidence of a genetic background to clinical heterogeneity identified by GADA titer.
Women's Health—Advances in Knowledge and Understanding
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A maize wall-associated kinase confers quantitative resistance to head smut
Authors: Weiliang Zuo, Qing Chao, Nan Zhang, Jianrong Ye, Guoqing Tan, Bailin Li, Yuexian Xing, Boqi Zhang, Haijun Liu, Kevin A Fengler, Jing Zhao, Xianrong Zhao, Yongsheng Chen, Jinsheng Lai, Jianbing Yan, Mingliang Xu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: George L. Bohmfalk
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION, "On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ,"1 was particularly offensive. Its overall tone was pseudointellectual and maudlin, the data base contained as much speculation as it did supercilious Latin trivia, and the illustrations were more disgusting than illuminating. What Christian, Jew, or atheist does not realize that respiration during crucifixion is agonizing? Who needs graphic drawings with vector arrows? The authors' fascination with the notion of his scourging wounds becoming "torn open" on several junctures is disturbing. Their concern that these wounds would become contaminated with dirt belies the lack of a clear point to their lugubrious article, as wound contamination is irrelevant with death just a few hours away. Furthermore, nonscientific statements such as "preshock state" and that the terminal event was a "fatal cardiac arrhythmia," which is how all of us die, detract from any serious medical acceptance of this communication. Perhaps
Adaptive Value of Labor Pains
Authors: John T. Brunn
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This is in regard to the special communication "Adaptive Value of Labor Pains" by Ashley Montagu, Ph.D., which appeared in the March 17 issue ofThe Journal(<b>179</b>:887). Dr. Adolph Meyer has said that "What ails most people is not that they are ignorant, but that they know too much that isn't so." Having observed a large number of girls during labor and childbirth, I have become convinced of the truth of the observation that "pain" is subjective. Many of these girls have not experienced the so-called pangs or pains of labor. Many of them have remained quite relaxed and comfortable throughout labor and delivery. It is my belief that physicians, nurses, and others have unfortunately perpetuated the misconception that a natural and normal process such as childbirth<i>must</i>be accompanied by "the severest kind of pains." Apes, baboons, and marmosets notwithstanding, I hope that physicians
The Contribution of Endoscopy and Biopsy to the Diagnosis of Periampullary Tumors
Authors: N. A. Kimchi, V. Mindrul, E. Broide, E. Scapa
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Endoscopy and biopsy from a suspicious Vater's papilla may establish an early preoperative diagnosis of a periampullary tumor. However, information regarding the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure is limited and variable. The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively the accuracy of this procedure compared to that of other diagnostic methods.Among 928 patients referred to our institute for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a suspicious Vater's papilla was seen in 28. In each case comparison was made between the pre-ERCP clinical diagnosis, endoscopic appearance, histologic interpretation of endoscopic biopsies, and the final diagnosis. Two patients in whom a final diagnosis was not available were excluded from the study.A final diagnosis of an ampullary or periampullary carcinoma was established in 17 patients (65%), a carcinoma within an adenoma of the papilla in three patients (12%), and adenoma and a metastatic gallbladder carcinoma in one patient each. The remaining four patients (15%) were finally diagnosed as having "pseudotumors" (due to choledocholithiasis). Eight (38%) of the 21 patients with ampullary or periampullary neoplasm also had gallstones. A pre-ERCP diagnosis (by clinical evaluation and non-invasive imaging) of tumor versus choledocholithiasis was accurate in only 65% of all 26 patients. In these, the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic appearance and endoscopic biopsy was 77% and 85%, respectively. Regarding the 21 patients with carcinomas, the diagnosis by endoscopic appearance was more accurate than that by endoscopic biopsy (90% vs 81%). Unlike the positive predictive values, the negative predictive values for malignancy were weak: 33% for the endoscopic appearance and 50% for the endoscopic biopsy.Because of a high incidence of concurrent cholelithiasis, many patients with a periampullary tumor seen during ERCP are misdiagnosed earlier (by clinical evaluation and non-invasive imaging) as having choledocholithiasis only. However, the accuracy of endoscopy and biopsy is also limited. This limitation must be considered when evaluating the optimal management of patients with suspected periampullary tumor.
Electronic sharing of patients’ data requires their explicit consent, report says
Authors: Michael Cross
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Legislation to regulate the use of human embryos for research in the United Kingdom had its second reading in the House of Commons this week, but ministers face a fight to push the most contentious measures through.The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, which updates 1990 legislation to take account of advances in technology, passed the second reading by 340 votes to 78, with only nine Labour MPs rebelling.
Doppler echocardiographic transmitral peak early velocity does not directly reflect hemodynamic changes in humans: Importance of normalization to mitral stroke volume
Authors: Shinji Miki, Tomoyuki Murakami, Tomoyuki Iwase, Tetsuya Tomita, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Chuichi Kawai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
969 Cutaneous injection of RANTES causes eosinophil (EOS) recruitment: Comparison of nonallergic (NA) and allergic (A) human subjects
Authors: L BECK, C STELLATO, S DALKE, K LEIFERMAN, C BICKEL, R HAMILTON, H ROSEN, B BOCHNER, R SCHLEIMER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)