tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small intestinal transit, absorption, and permeability in patients with AIDS with and without diarrhoea
Authors: D Sharpstone, P Neild, R Crane, C Taylor, C Hodgson, R Sherwood, B Gazzard, I Bjarnason
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Diarrhoea in AIDS is associated with anorexia and weight loss. The importance of gastrointestinal transit in such symptoms has not been addressed. <h3>AIMS</h3> To assess jejunal to caecal transit times in subjects with AIDS related diarrhoea and weight loss and correlate these with measures of absorptive capacity and intestinal permeability. <h3>METHODS</h3> Jejunal to caecal transit times were assessed in 20 seronegative controls and 60 HIV seropositive subjects from serum analysis of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose and sulphapyridine after ingestion of the monosaccharide and sulphasalazine in aqueous solution. The method also allows an estimation of gastric emptying times for liquids. Intestinal absorptive capacity and permeability were assessed by a combined test using 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, d-xylose,l-rhamnose, and lactulose. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in all groups of patients with AIDS. Mean jejunal to caecal transit times were not significantly different between controls (246 (62) minutes) and patients without diarrhoea (AIDS, well: 278 (103) minutes; AIDS, wasting: 236 (68) minutes), cytomegalovirus colitis (289 (83) minutes), pathogen negative diarrhoea (192 (100) minutes), or microsporidiosis (190 (113) minutes), although 30% of patients had values below the control range. Patients with cryptosporidiosis differed significantly from controls (135 (35) minutes, p&lt;0.0001), seven of 10 having rapid transit times. Absorptive capacity was reduced and intestinal permeability significantly increased in AIDS, but did not correlate significantly with transit times. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Small bowel transit is accelerated in many patients with AIDS, particularily in protozoal diarrhoea, but is not the sole explanation for malabsorption of monosaccharides.
Growth inhibitory response and ultrastructural modification of oral-associated candidal reference strains (ATCC) by Piper betle L. extract
Authors: Mohd-Al-Faisal Nordin, Wan Himratul-Aznita Wan Harun, Fathilah Abdul Razak, Md Yusoff Musa
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

Candida species have been associated with the emergence of strains resistant to selected antifungal agents. Plant products have been used traditionally as alternative medicine to ease mucosal fungal infections. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Piper betle extract on the growth profile and the ultrastructure of commonly isolated oral candidal cells. The major component of P. betle was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Seven ATCC control strains of Candida species were cultured in yeast peptone dextrose broth under four different growth environments: (i) in the absence of P. betle extract; and in the presence of P. betle extract at respective concentrations of (ii) 1 mg⋅mL−1; (iii) 3 mg⋅mL−1; and (iv) 6 mg⋅mL−1. The growth inhibitory responses of the candidal cells were determined based on changes in the specific growth rates (µ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe any ultrastructural alterations in the candida colonies. LC-MS/MS was performed to validate the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract. Following treatment, it was observed that the µ-values of the treated cells were significantly different than those of the untreated cells (P<0.05), indicating the fungistatic properties of the P. betle extract. The candidal population was also reduced from an average of 13.44×106 to 1.78×106 viable cell counts (CFU)⋅mL−1. SEM examination exhibited physical damage and considerable morphological alterations of the treated cells. The compound profile from LC-MS/MS indicated the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid, chavibetol and hydroxychavicol in P. betle extract. The effects of P. betle on candida cells could potentiate its antifungal activity. An extract from the tropical vine plant Piper betle can combat Candida yeast infections, according to researchers in Malaysia. Candida species are natural components of the flora in the oral cavity, but may cause infections when the immune system fails. Also, some Candida strains have become resistant to antifungal medicines. Inspired by the effectiveness of some popular natural medicines, Mohd-Al-Faisal Nordin and co-workers at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur tested the antifungal properties of Piper betle, a member of the pepper family that is used to treat asthma, halitosis and other conditions. After adding Piper betle extract to Candida cell cultures, the researchers saw strongly reduced Candida populations and damaged Candida cells. These results point to the potential use of Piper betle in future oral healthcare products.
Abstract 1162: Caspase recruitment domains: New potential markers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients.
Authors: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer Bahnassy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Chronic HCV is a major leading cause of HCC development. Caspase Recruitment Domains (CARD) is protein modules that regulate apoptosis. Besides; numerous CARD proteins play an important role in various carcinogenesis processes. Aim: To assess the possible role of CARD9, CARD10 and Caspase only protein (COP) in progression of liver fibrosis and pathogenesis of HCC in chronic HCV G4 Egyptian patients. Methods: One hundred and thirty patients were recruited and classified into 4 groups; group I: Chronic HCV, group II: Chronic active hepatitis, group III: Liver cirrhosis, group IV: HCV related HCC. Biochemical, virological studies, abdominal ultrasonography and liver biopsy were performed. Quantitative estimation of mRNA of CARD9, CARD10 and COP were performed by reverse transcription PCR in liver biopsy from all collected patients. Results: In HCC patients; age, AFP and liver profile were significantly higher, HB and platelets were significantly lower, (p value &amp;lt;0.01). The expression levels of mRNA of CARD9, CARD10 and COP in liver biopsies of HCC group (IV) were significantly higher than other groups (p value&amp;lt;0.01). On differentiation between HCC and non HCC patients each CARD was assessed separately then in combination with others as follow; CARD 9, CARD 10, COP and AFP separately showed best cutoff at (87, 89.5, 20.3, 10.35) with sensitivity (80%, 90%, 90%, 87%) and specificity (80%, 63%, 81%, 68%) with positive predictive value (61%, 51.4%, 69.2%, 54%) and negative predictive value (85.7%, 93.3%, 94.8%, 91%) respectively. On combing AFP with CARD9 then CARD 10 then COP, they showed (93%, 100%, 100% sensitivity), (57%, 46%, 57% specificity), with positive predictive value (49%, 45%, 51%) and negative predictive value (94%, 100%, 100%) respectively. On combing the 3 CARDs (CARD 9, CARD 10, COP), the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 48%, with positive predictive value 47% and negative predictive value 100% as shown in figure 1. Conclusions: CARD9, CARD10 and COP had no role in liver fibrosis but may be involved in hepatic carcinogenesis processes and they could be used as markers for HCC diagnosis Citation Format: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer Bahnassy. Caspase recruitment domains: New potential markers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1162
Changes in Anterior Segment Morphology after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: An Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Alicia C. How, Mani Baskaran, Rajesh S. Kumar, Mingguang He, Paul J. Foster, Raghavan Lavanya, Hon-Tym Wong, Paul T.K. Chew, David S. Friedman, Tin Aung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
O89 IMPACT OF NEW DAA-CONTAINING REGIMENS ON HCV TRANSMISSION AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS (IDUS): A MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS (ANRS 12376)
Authors: A. Cousien, V.C. Tran, M. Jauffret-Roustide, S. Deuffic-Burban, J.-S. Dhersin, Y. Yazdanpanah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND HARDNESS OF WATER-Reply
Authors: Henry A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  Doctor Menaker has pointed out a defect inherent in the correlation coefficient, which relates two progressively changing variables, but does not indicate magnitude of change. Conceivably a high coefficient can be calculated when changes are very small but progressive. Analysis of death rates from coronary heart disease by state shows similar results, the mean death rate in the highest quartile being 525.3 (which is lower than the national average) and that in the lowest 436.1 per 100,000 population, an increase of 20 per cent. Giving equal weight to each state, large or small, however, and comparing means of quartiles with the national average neglects the factor of the size of the population affected. One must use other methods with the data in the smallest valid units such as states or cities. The correlation coefficients and distribution by the chi-square method suggest that the differences found are not
Hepatic Necrosis After Enflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Wm. L. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The letter of van der Reis et al (227:76, 1974) attributing a case of postoperative hepatic necrosis to enflurane is yet another example of the post  ergo propter hoc reasoning we have seen associated with the subject of postoperative hepatitis over the past few years, especially in relation to halothane anesthesia.  Their statement, It is not entirely unexpected... that liver injury would sooner or later follow, should read It is not entirely unexpected that someone would claim that liver injury would sooner or later follow.  The case they present is anecdotal. A 62-year-old diabetic, cirrhotic woman undergoing cholecystectomy for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis under enflurane anesthesia developed postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding and finally, fatal hepatic necrosis. The implication of causal relationship is specious at best. The course and data they report are not incompatible with an acute episode of viral hepatitis superimposed on an already chronically ill liver
Ralph Angelo Attends the Barbeque
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transfection of a rat hepatoma cell line with a construct expressing human liver annexin V confers susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zuo Jiong Gong, Sandra De Meyer, Jos van Pelt, Kurt Hertogs, Erik Depla, Ann Soumillion, Johan Fevery, Sing-Hiem Yap
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Previously, we have found that human liver annexin V (hA–V; in earlier reports referred as Endonexin II) is a specific hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) binding protein. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of rat hepatoma FTO 2B cells, a cell line that is not infectable by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and does not express hA–V, with a construct containing the hA–V gene, resulted in hA–V expressing cells susceptible to HBV infection. After in vitro infection, transfected FTO cells (assigned as FTO 9.1 cells) expressing hA–V in cultures were shown to contain HBV–precore/core, X mRNAs, and covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of HBV ccc and replicative intermediate DNA was also demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization assay. HBV DNA secreted in the culture medium was also evident as determined by quantitative branched DNA (bDNA) assay. HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) could also be detected by an immunocytochemical method in 10% to 15% of the cells at day 3 and day 5 after infection. Infectivity of in vitro -propagated HBV was demonstrated by infection of the naive FTO 9.1 cells with the culture supernatant from HBV–carrier cultures. In contrast to primary cultures of human hepatocytes and FTO 9.1 cells, primary rat and mouse hepatocytes, as well as rat hepatoma cell lines that do not express hA–V, are not susceptible to HBV infection. These findings suggest that hA–V plays a key role in the initial step of HBV infection and that the species–specific susceptibility to HBV infection and replication in hepatocytes is associated with the expression of hA–V.
Relations between NHS and private sector are "not a one night stand," says Milburn
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Health secretary Alan Milburn this week announced further links with private companies to help modernise pathology services and GP premises in the NHS, but failed to find a way of keeping doctors working for the health service rather than migrating to private practice.

In a heated debate in front of the House of Commons health select committee, Mr Milburn defended the government's commitment to increase partnerships with the private sector, arguing that they spelled improvements for patients.

“What we need is a bigger relationship with the private sector. This should be a long term relationship and not a one night stand,” …
J. Kiffin Penry, MD
Authors: Stephen Coplan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospitalization Trends for Pneumonia Among Older Persons—Reply
Authors: Alicia M. Fry, David K. Shay
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EUS-guided biliary drainage with placement of a new partially covered biliary stent for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction: a case series
Authors: C. Fabbri, C. Luigiano, L. Fuccio, A. Polifemo, F. Ferrara, S. Ghersi, M. Bassi, P. Billi, A. Maimone, V. Cennamo, M. Masetti, E. Jovine, N. D’Imperio
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been developed as an alternative drainage technique in patients with obstructive jaundice where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has failed. Between July 2008 and December 2009, 16 patients (9 men; median age 79 years) with biliopancreatic malignancy, who were candidates for alternative techniques of biliary decompression because ERCP had been unsuccessful, underwent EUS-BD with placement of a transmural or transpapillary partially covered nitinol self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). EUS-assisted cholangiography was successful in all patients, with definition of the relevant anatomy, but biliary drainage was successfully performed in only 12 (75 %) of the 16 patients (9 choledochoduodenostomies with SEMS placement and 3 biliary rendezvous procedures with papillary SEMS placement), with regression of the cholestasis. No major complications and no procedure-related deaths occurred. There was one case of pneumoperitoneum which was managed conservatively. The median follow-up was 170 days. During the follow-up, eight patients of the 12 patients in whom biliary draining was successful died; four are currently alive. None of the patients required endoscopic reintervention. This series demonstrated that EUS-BD with a partially covered SEMS has a high rate of clinical success and low complication rates, and could represent an alternative choice for biliary decompression.
Health care in the eye of the storm
Authors: Hector O Ventura
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I have been working as a physician in New Orleans for 25 years and have faced many hurricanes. On most occasions it was just a huge nuisance—you either had to leave town or stay in the hospital. The next day you would go back to work and to a normal life in the “Big Easy.” Over the years I have continually heard about the hurricane that would be like no other, the one that would destroy and flood our wonderful city.

> We tried to keep cool by placing fans and water bottles everywhere that we could 

It was Friday 26 August when the news about hurricane Katrina became alarming. She was heading for New Orleans and people had to be prepared for the worst case scenario. Planning started. People left town, and the few who stayed at our hospital were the ones considered essential personnel, those needed to work during and after the storm.

I was on duty, and therefore, …
A TDG/CBP/RARα Ternary Complex Mediates the Retinoic Acid-Dependent Expression of DNA Methylation-Sensitive Genes
Authors: Hélène Léger, Caroline Smet-Nocca, Amel Attmane-Elakeb, Sara Morley-Fletcher, Arndt G. Benecke, Sebastian Eilebrecht
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract The thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a multifunctional enzyme, which is essential for embryonic development. It mediates the base excision repair (BER) of G:T and G:U DNA mismatches arising from the deamination of 5-methyl cytosine (5-MeC) and cytosine, respectively. Recent studies have pointed at a role of TDG during the active demethylation of 5-MeC within CpG islands. TDG interacts with the histone acetylase CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate CBP-dependent transcription. In addition, TDG also interacts with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), resulting in the activation of RARα target genes. Here we provide evidence for the existence of a functional ternary complex containing TDG, CBP and activated RARα. Using global transcriptome profiling, we uncover a coupling of de novo methylation-sensitive and RA-dependent transcription, which coincides with a significant subset of CBP target genes. The introduction of a point mutation in TDG, which neither affects overall protein structure nor BER activity, leads to a significant loss in ternary complex stability, resulting in the deregulation of RA targets involved in cellular networks associated with DNA replication, recombination and repair. We thus demonstrate for the first time a direct coupling of TDG’s epigenomic and transcription regulatory function through ternary complexes with CBP and RARα.
Preemies, Pediatric Research, Retired Chimps to Benefit From New Law
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal