tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term results of early operation of open myelomeningoceles and encephaloceles.
Authors: T. Mawdsley, P. P. Rickham, J. R. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BRmsH 663eruptions.None of these show the characteristic clinical or biochemical findings.The infant in its pram may cry excessively during sunny weather.We have seen children and adults-not in this family -who were branded psychoneurotic because of emotional response to the burning sensation with absent or minimal skin changes.The mere assurance that the discomfort has an organic basis has eased distress.Local applications are available which filter out the 300-mn wavelengths of light responsible for normal sunburn.Unfor- tunately nothing has yet been found to protect erythropoietic protoporphyria patients against the relevant wavelengths of 400 mti or longer.It remains impossible to offer an assurance that "the sun shall not smite thee by day " (Psalm 121). SummaryA family of 90 members covering five generations has been investigated for erythropoietic protoporphyria.Six members showed the complete syndrome with photo- sensitivity and characteristic chemical abnormalities in blood and stool.The biochemical marker of raised blood protoporphyrin or raised stool protoporphyrin was found in six members with no clinical signs.These are regarded as latent carriers, and in the case of children they should be reviewed regularly by simple screening tests.There was strong hearsay evidence of photosensitivity in four other members of the family.The mode of inheritance postulated by Haeger-Aronsen is confirmed-an autosomal dominant.We are grateful to our original patient and to his family for their co-operation; and to Dr. Ellen Emslie and other colleagues for their patience and help with the field work.
Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Common Chemotherapy Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kerryann Lotfi-Jam, Mariko Carey, Michael Jefford, Penelope Schofield, Catherine Charleson, Sanchia Aranda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Adverse effects of chemotherapy can be severe and can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. With chemotherapy treatment increasingly administered in the ambulatory setting, there is a need for patients to be informed about effective self-care strategies to manage treatment adverse effects. Advice for patients needs to be based on evidence. This systematic review provides an overview of the intervention research in this area as well as an effectiveness review of nonpharmacologic (self-care) strategies evaluated in high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs).An extensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs relating to self-care strategies for reducing nausea/vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, or mucositis. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1980 and August 2007 were included. Study characteristics, results and methodologic quality were examined. High-quality RCTs were further analyzed to establish the effectiveness of specific self-care strategies.The search identified 77 RCTs. Findings from RCTs of reasonable quality provide limited support for cognitive distraction, exercise, hypnosis, relaxation, and systematic desensitization to reduce nausea and vomiting, psycho-education for fatigue, and scalp cooling to reduce hair loss.Although some strategies seem promising, the quality of the RCTs was generally quite low, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of self-care strategies. Future studies require better design and reporting of methodologic issues to establish evidence-based self-care recommendations for people receiving chemotherapy.
A Complication of Valve Replacement by a Caged-Lens Prosthesis
Authors: J. W. EDGETT, W. P. NELSON, R. J. HALL, E.J. JAHNKE, G. V. AABY
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Five of 37 patients undergoing valve replacement with a "caged-lens" prosthesis demonstrated intermittent insufficiency of the prosthesis. Four of these patients had mitral valve replacement, three of whom had uncorrected aortic insufficiency. Cineradiography showed tilting of the prosthetic lens and impingement within the cage in an oblique position.
Reply to Sebastien Gaujoux, Stephane Bonnet, Bertrand Dousset’s Letter to the Editor re: David Brix, Bruno Allolio, Wiebke Fenske, et al. Laparoscopic Versus Open Adrenalectomy for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Surgical and Oncologic Outcome in 152 Patients. Eur Urol 2010;58:609–15
Authors: Bruno Allolio, David Brix, Martin Fassnacht
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Hypothyroidism With Graves' Disease
Authors: Edward D. Michaelson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 27-year-old woman had rapidly progressive ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema. The protein-bound iodine concentration was 2.5μg/100 ml. The 24-hour radioactive iodine uptake was 0.6% and did not increase after stimulation with thyrotrophin. Results of a serum assay for the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) were positive with a response index of 273%. The antithyroglobulin titer was 1:512 and a thyroid biopsy showed thyroiditis. The findings in this case emphasize that Graves' disease is a systemic illness in which the typical manifestations may occur without hyperthyroidism and this can be explained by a lack of sufficient functional thyroid tissue to respond to those factors which would ordinarily produce thyrotoxicosis. In hypothyroidism, where the uptake of radioactive iodine is insufficent to demonstrate nonsuppressibility, positive finding of a LATS assay suggests Graves' disease.
The ward sister.
Authors: R Calne
Journal: BMJ (1971)

45smaller area health authorities, but could not, and should not these be based on existing district general hospital areas?Both the general public and those providing medical services to them would do well to challenge the loss of local involvement implicit in this new paper.Management can only be truly effective when it involves those at the grass roots.At all events, let everyone think about the problem and do as we have done-pass on their opinions to the Secretary of State for Social Services and to the B.M.A., so that they may have a consolidated opinion on which to work.The Government is in a hurry, so think now, for as Samuel Richardson said "Advice comes too late when a thing is done."-Weare, etc.,
Transgenic expression of Notch-1 intracellular active domain (N1IC) in T cells: a potential therapy to overcome suppression induced by tumors
Authors: Rosa A Sierra, Dorota Wyczechowska, Paulo C Rodriguez
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts An impaired anti-tumor immunity is found in patients with cancer and represents a major obstacle in the successful development of different forms of immunotherapy. Several pathways have been described to explain the induction of T cell anergy in tumors; however, the translation of
Effects of Reteplase and Alteplase on Platelet Aggregation and Major Receptor Expression During the First 24 Hours of Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Victor L. Serebruany, Andrew R. Shustov, Raymond D. Bahr, Cynthia Carpo, E.Magnus Ohman, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell maintenance during steady-state and stress
Authors: Rashim Pal Singh, Kristin Franke, Joanna Kalucka, Soulafa Mamlouk, Antje Muschter, Agnieszka Gembarska, Tatyana Grinenko, Carsten Willam, Ronald Naumann, Konstantinos Anastassiadis, A. Francis Stewart, Stefan Bornstein, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Georg Breier, Claudia Waskow, Ben Wielockx
Journal: Blood (2013)
Will ultrasound scanners replace the stethoscope?
Authors: M. Wittenberg
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Aim</h3> To describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics and to identify and analyse the incidence of choroidal neovascular (CNV) network seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective, observational study of 29 eyes of 25 patients who were previously diagnosed as CSCR with CMD. Baseline patient characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), evidence of CNV network and its pattern on OCTA, distribution of CMD changes and OCT parameters, such as height of the neurosensory retinal detachment (NSD), presence of double layer sign, central macular thickness, were analysed. The eyes were classified into two groups depending on the presence or absence of CNV network on OCTA. BCVA, OCT parameters and CMD distribution were compared in the two groups at baseline using independent t-test. <h3>Result</h3> A total of 13 (44.8 %) eyes had a CNV network, while only 9 out of the 13 eyes had pattern-I CNV. Among the eyes with CNV network (13 eyes), mean height of NSD was of 65.2±22.7 µ, whereas, among the eyes without CNV (16 eyes), it was 134.6±77.4 µ. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.013). There was no statistically significant difference between eye having a CNV and eyes without CNV in terms of other parameters. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A CNV network is seen in a large subset of patients with CMD in CSCR. A shallower subretinal fluid may point towards the presence of an underlying CNV network.
Sixteen years and counting: an update on leptin in energy balance
Authors: Laurent Gautron, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Cloned in 1994, the ob gene encodes the protein hormone leptin, which is produced and secreted by white adipose tissue. Since its discovery, leptin has been found to have profound effects on behavior, metabolic rate, endocrine axes, and glucose fluxes. Leptin deficiency in mice and humans causes morbid obesity, diabetes, and various neuroendocrine anomalies, and replacement leads to decreased food intake, normalized glucose homeostasis, and increased energy expenditure. Here, we provide an update on the most current understanding of leptin-sensitive neural pathways in terms of both anatomical organization and physiological roles.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Rewires the Molecular Path to PI3K-Dependent Proliferation
Authors: Megan B. Salt, Sourav Bandyopadhyay, Frank McCormick
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Tumors showing evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been associated with metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Heterogeneity along the EMT spectrum is observed between and within tumors. To develop effective therapeutics, a mechanistic understanding of how EMT affects the molecular requirements for proliferation is needed. We found that although cells use phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) for proliferation in both the epithelial and mesenchymal states, EMT rewires the mechanism of PI3K pathway activation. In epithelial cells, autocrine ERBB3 activation maintains PI3K signaling, whereas after EMT, downregulation of ERBB3 disrupts autocrine signaling to PI3K. Loss of ERBB3 leads to reduced serum-independent proliferation after EMT that can be rescued through reactivation of PI3K by enhanced signaling from p110α, ERBB3 reexpression, or growth factor stimulation. In vivo, we demonstrate that PIK3CA expression is upregulated in mesenchymal tumors with low levels of ERBB3. This study defines how ERBB3 downregulation after EMT affects PI3K-dependent proliferation.This study describes a mechanism through which EMT transition alters the proliferative potential of cells by modulating ERBB3 expression. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential for multiple molecular routes to drive proliferation in different cell states, illustrating how changes in EMT status can rewire signaling upstream of cell proliferation.
Type D (Delta) Hepatitis-Reply
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Caredda et al are correct to point out that not all cases of acute HDV coinfection and superinfection will test positive for HBsAg. In HDV coinfection, HBsAg may have already disappeared by the time the patient is cared for. Furthermore, in HDV superinfection, HBsAg titers may fall transiently to undetectable levels. Thus, testing for antibody to HDV (anti-HDV) in HBsAg-negative patients may occasionally provide evidence of delta infection. In these situations, however, one does not know whether anti-HDV indicates recent or distant infection; more direct markers of delta replication (HDV RNA, HDV antigen, or IgM anti-HDV) would be better evidence that the acute hepatitis is caused by HDV. In this regard, recent evidence suggests that HDV does not require HBsAg for<i>replication</i>, but rather for entry and exit from the hepatocyte. Thus, in some cases of liver transplantation for delta hepatitis, HDV antigen or RNA in the absence
Introducing a Market to the United Kingdom's National Health Service
Authors: A Maynard, K Bloor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), created in 1948, is a publicly financed system that provides universal access to health care within a moderate and fixed budget. Reforms introduced in 1991 by the government led by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sought to contain costs, maintain equity, and at the same time make the allocation of resources more efficient by introducing some features of a market, constrained by the overall budget and the principle of universal access. These reforms created what is known as an “internal market” in health care, in which providers are permitted a degree of competition. Publicly . . .
Lobar Alveolar Gas Concentration after Pneumonectomy1
Authors: C. J. Martin, Frank Cline, Helen Marshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

We have recently shown that end-expiratory lobar alveolar gas concentrations vary with body position (1). Erect man has higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide concentrations and a higher R.Q. in the right upper lobe than in the right lower lobe. Supine man has no significant difference between these lobes in R.Q. but the oxygen concentration is lower and the carbon dioxide higher in the upper lobe than in the lower lobe. Changes in lobar gas values in moving from the erect to the recumbent posture may be due to changes in pulmonary ventilation or perfusion. Pulmonary ventilation as a factor has been studied in subjects with pneumoperitoneum (2). With an increased tidal air-functional residual air ratio (3) there is supposedly more uniform ventilation (4, 5) but lobar differences in gas values are similar to those found in normal subjects. Thus a change in pulmonary ventilation with a change of body position does not appear to be the major factor. To examine the role of pulmonary circulation, we have studied subjects following pneumonectomy. With total cardiac output passing through one lung, a more uniform pulmonary perfusion might be expected than in the normal subject.
S78. Proffered paper: High-affinity CD20-specific TCRs suitable for adoptive immunotherapy can be readily isolated from the allo-repertoire using reverse immunology
Authors: L Jahn, P Hombrink, C Hassan, MGD Kester, MP Schoonakker, JHF Falkenburg, P van Veelen, MHM Heemskerk
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Studies using T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T-cells have shown the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy to treat different malignancies. The efficacy and safety of such interventions greatly depends on good target selection to prevent on-
A sense of deja vu
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The room was homely, nestled in the basement, and traversed by pipes encased in silver foil. With a sense of the inevitable I settled down. The clerks, now ignoring me, continued their cheery boasts of difficult finds and commiserations on last minute telephone requests. Record systems are not difficult to master—colour codes, consecutive numbers, paired or in reverse, always some quirk—but the real problem is those booked out eons ago which force a trail round distant departments. At least this time mine were waiting and marked for my attention. I was interested to see what I could …
Imipramine Overdosage--Report of a Fatal Case
Authors: F. I. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The sites of primary disturbance to be considered in Cushing's syndrome are the adrenals, the pituitary, and the hypothalamus (Jailer and Longson, 1957).In this patient, though there is no direct evidence of primary lesions in the adrenals or pituitary, there is some indication that a hypothalamic disorder may be present, as disturbances at this site occur not uncommonly as sequelae of encephalitis.In addition, variations in endocrine function, par- ticularly adrenal over-activity, including Cushing's syndrome, have been attributed to hypothalamic disorders (Heinbecker, 1944; Wilkins, 1950; Rey et al., 1957).Cyclical variations in hypothalamic activity are well known in animals (Zuckerman, 1954) and may be seen in patients with post-encephalitic Parkinsonism.Furthermore, in hypothalamic disorders psychological factors often influence the course of the disease, and it would seem that this type of stress may have occurred in the present case prior to the onset of each relapse, although in this patient and in the only similar case (Anderson and Haymaker, 1944) the relapses had a definite seasonal incidence.There seems to be little doubt, however, that in the present case a definite remission had been induced by giving cortisone, even though spontaneous improvement had been noticed at this time of the year during previous relapses.Two further features of this case deserve cojmment.Firstly, it has been reported that Cushing's syndrome may occur during salicylate therapy (Cochran et al., 1950), and, as moderate doses of aspirin were given to this patient during her initial symptoms in 1954. it was then suggested that salicylates may have been responsible.However, the subsequent course of her disease makes this unlikely.Secondly, a less well known clinical feature of Cushing's syndrome which this case illustrates is the occurrence in the early stages of renal calculi (Albright, 1943 ; Soffer et al., 1955).
The effects of frequent nocturnal home hemodialysis: the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Nocturnal Trial
Authors: Michael V. Rocco, Robert S. Lockridge, Gerald J. Beck, Paul W. Eggers, Jennifer J. Gassman, Tom Greene, Brett Larive, Christopher T. Chan, Glenn M. Chertow, Michael Copland, Christopher D. Hoy, Robert M. Lindsay, Nathan W. Levin, Daniel B. Ornt, Andreas Pierratos, Mary F. Pipkin, Sanjay Rajagopalan, John B. Stokes, Mark L. Unruh, Robert A. Star, Alan S. Kliger
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Male sexual dysfunction and cimetidine.
Authors: S G Barber
Journal: BMJ (1979)

graft tissue, skin, to an abnormal culture atmosphere (45 ,' CO2 in air) for various periods (7-48 h).Normally-cultured skin grafts caused no lymphoid malignancy.Immunogenicity of exposed grafts as a result of modification of cell-surface proteins and production of "altered self" structures may be a factor in the subsequent appearance of lymphoma in these autologous hosts.In the animal models described above, malignant lymphoma develops as a late sequela of transplantations in the absence of exogenous immunosuppressants; chronic antigenic stimulation appears to be a possible common factor.Significantly, only lymphoid neoplasms developed despite the grafting of four different tissues-lymph node, mammary gland, skin, and bone marrow.Bone marrow is the only tissue that did not induce lymphoma in its recipients even following exposure to an unphysiological environment.This raises the question whether the T lymphocytes in the graft tissues are involved in the malignant processes in these animal models.
The hyperventilation syndrome: a syndrome under threat?
Authors: J. B. Howell
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Background.Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) describes a set of somatic and psychological symptoms thought to result from episodic or chronic hyperventilation.Recognition of symptoms during the hyperventilation provocation test (HVPT) is the most widely used criterion for diagnosis of HVS.We have investigated the validity of the HVPT and of the concept of HVS.Methods.In a randomised, double-blind, crossover design, the ability of 115 patients with suspected HVS to recognise symptoms during the HVPT was compared with the ability to recognise symptoms during a placebo test (isocapnic overbreathing, with carbon dioxide levels maintained by manual titration).30 patients who had positive results on the HVPT underwent ambulatory transcutaneous monitoring of pCO 2 to ascertain whether they hyperventilated during spontaneous symptom attacks.Findings.Of the 115 patients who underwent the HVPT and the placebo test, 85 (74%) reported symptom recognition during the HVPT (positive diagnosis HVS).Of that subset, 56 were also positive on the placebo test (false-positive), and 29 were negative on the placebo test (true-positive).False-positive and true-positive patients did not differ in symptom profile or in physiological variables.During ambulatory monitoring (15 true-positive, 15 falsepositive) 22 attacks were registered.Transcutaneous end-tidal pCO 2 decreased during only seven.The decreases were slight and apparently followed the onset of the attack, which suggests that hyperventilation is a consequence rather than a cause of the attack.There were no apparent differences between false-positive and true-positive patients.Interpretation.The HVPT is invalid as a diagnostic test for HVS.Hyperventilation seems a negligible factor in the experience of spontaneous symptoms.
Mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation of herpes simplex viruses: comparison between methylene blue, light plus electricity, and hematoporhyrin plus light.
Authors: L E Schnipper, A A Lewin, M Swartz, C S Crumpacker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 have been inactivated in vitro using low concentrations of methylene blue (MB), light (lambda) plus electricity (E), or hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) plus lambda. Both techniques introduce single strand interruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand ruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand breaks. MB, lambda plus E-treated virions adsorb normally to and penetrate susceptible cells, whereas HSV inactivated with HPC and light does not. This difference is emphasized by the induction of new viral and cell DNA synthesis after infection with MB, lambda plus E-treated virions, whereas only cell, DNA but no HSV DNA, is made subsequent to HPD and lambda exposure. These observations reflect disparate mechanisms of viral inactivation. A block(s) in viral maturation, subsequent to viral DNA synthesis, occurs as a result of treatment with MB, lambda and E, whereas HPD plus lambda-treated particles fail to enter a susceptible cell, and therefore do not initiate an infection.
the relative values of the roentgen ray and the cystoscope, in the diagnosis of vesical calculi
Authors: Edwin Beer
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The surgeon who sees a great deal of bladder material is well aware of the fact that roentgenoscopy does not regularly demonstrate vesical calculi. During the past two years I have had this experience so frequently that I have deemed it my duty to review all the cases of bladder stones in which I have had a roentgenogram taken and to place them in a brief paper before the medical public. I have considered this advisable, as the average internist is-very liable to be satisfied with a, negative roentgenogram in excluding the presence of a calculus in the urinary bladder. The Roentgen-ray work done on these cases (by Dr. Jaches) has been of the highest, quality; therefore the fact that so many of the cases showed no stones can in no wise be attributed to the radiographie work. It is only fair to state that the Roentgen-ray work was of