tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parental Family Structure, Helicobacter Pylori, and Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pagona Lagiou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

The study of family of origin (parental family), as contrasted to family of procreation, originally received attention from epidemiology in the context of childhood infectious diseases. Two aspects of parental family have been intensely investigated: sibship size and birth order [1,2]. Larger sibship size increases the likelihood of introduction and spread of infectious agents within the family and tends to be inversely associated with children's average age at infection. Birth order, in the absence of vaccination, has a more specific effect on average age at infection, since first-born children are usually infected when first exposed to the child care or school environment, whereas later-born children tend to be infected earlier, even in utero, by their older siblings.
Over-the-Counter Availability of H_2-Receptor Antagonists and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ichiro Yoshikawa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters17 October 2000Over-the-Counter Availability of H2-Receptor Antagonists and Gastric CancerIchiro Yoshikawa, MD, Ikuo Murata, MD, and Makoto Otsuki, MDIchiro Yoshikawa, MDUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health; Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan (Yoshikawa, Murata, Otsuki), Ikuo Murata, MDUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health; Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan (Yoshikawa, Murata, Otsuki), and Makoto Otsuki, MDUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health; Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan (Yoshikawa, Murata, Otsuki)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Prescription medications have been switched to over-the-counter status with increasing frequency. One of the most important categories transferred to over-the-counter status is the H2-receptor antagonist. However, these drugs may mask the symptom of gastric cancer. Taylor and colleagues (1) reported that relief of the symptoms of malignant gastric ulcers by cimetidine may delay diagnosis and appropriate treatment.A 63-year-old Japanese man had received H2-receptor antagonists for gastric ulcer when he was 50 years of age. He self-diagnosed his condition as recurrent gastric ulcer and took over-the-counter H2-receptor antagonists. His symptom was immediately relieved with the maximum daily ...References1. Taylor RH, Menzies-Gow N, Lovell D, La Brooy SJ, Misiewicz JJ. Misleading response of malignant gastric ulcers to cimetidine. Lancet. 1978;1:686-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Oster G, Huse DM, Delea TE, Colditz GA, Richter JM. The risks and benefits of an Rx-to-OTC switch. The case of over-the-counter H2-blockers. Med Care. 1990;28:834-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ichiro Yoshikawa, MD; Ikuo Murata, MD; Makoto Otsuki, MDAffiliations: University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan (Yoshikawa, Murata, Otsuki) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySelf-Medication of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Community Pharmacy StudyReview article: over-the-counter drugs and the gastrointestinal tract 17 October 2000Volume 133, Issue 8 Page: 659 Keywords Biopsy Cells Decision analysis Drugs Endoscopy Gastrectomy Gastric cancer Gastric ulcers Pharmacists Ulcers ePublished: 17 October 2000 Issue Published: 17 October 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract A76: A novel <i>in vivo</i> model for pancreatic restructuring and suppression of transformation
Authors: Daniel DiRenzo, Guanglu Shi, Stephen F. Konieczny
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Our studies are focused on the identification and prevention of the initial transformation events associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) development, an extremely lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and ineffective treatments. PDA initiates through activating mutations in the KRAS proto-oncogene (KrasG12D) and recent studies from our laboratory have determined that targeted expression of an endogenous KrasG12D allele in pancreatic acinar cells is sufficient to produce PDA precursor lesions (PanINs). These results suggest that PDA arises via acinar cells undergoing a process of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) which is characterized by a loss of acinar cell properties with the acquisition of duct-like characteristics. Several studies indicate that the process of ADM requires inactivation of the acinar-specific transcription factor Mist1, since Mist1 null (Mist1KO) mice display accelerated ADM and PanIN formation upon KrasG12D expression. Additionally, acinar cell polarity is disrupted in Mist1KO mice with diffuse zymogen granule organization and mis-localization of nuclei. These results suggest that Mist1 has a key role in suppressing PDA formation by maintaining the acinar cell differentiation program. To identify the downstream genes affected by the absence of Mist1, we have generated an inducible Mist1 transgenic mouse line (LSL-Mist1myc) in which constitutive Mist1 expression is activated through Cre-mediated recombination. When LSL-Mist1myc mice are crossed to Mist1Cre-ER mice, Mist1myc expression can be induced in acinar cells upon Tamoxifen (TM) addition. Analysis of Mist1Cre-ER/Cre-ER; LSL-Mist1myc mice confirmed that exogenous Mist1myc expression is detected as early as 6 hours post-TM. Time course studies in a Mist1KO background revealed that nuclear and zymogen granule organization can be restored within 24 hours of Cre activation. We conclude that Mist1 actively controls pancreatic acinar cell organization and that induction of Mist1 in Mist1KO mice leads to complete reorganization of pancreatic tissues. Our current efforts are focused on establishing how Mist1 negatively regulates ADM and PanIN formation and to identify Mist1 targets that negatively regulate Kras-induced pancreas metaplasia and transformation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A76.
Smoothelin-B Deficiency Results in Reduced Arterial Contractility, Hypertension, and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Sander S. Rensen, Petra M. Niessen, Jan M. van Deursen, Ben J. Janssen, Edwin Heijman, Evelien Hermeling, Merlijn Meens, Natascha Lie, Marion J. Gijbels, Gustav J. Strijkers, Pieter A. Doevendans, Marten H. Hofker, Jo G.R. De Mey, Guillaume J. van Eys
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Smoothelins are actin-binding proteins that are abundantly expressed in healthy visceral (smoothelin-A) and vascular (smoothelin-B) smooth muscle. Their expression is strongly associated with the contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells. Analysis of mice lacking both smoothelins (Smtn-A/B(-/-) mice) previously revealed a critical role for smoothelin-A in intestinal smooth muscle contraction. Here, we report on the generation and cardiovascular phenotype of mice lacking only smoothelin-B (Smtn-B(-/-)).Myograph studies revealed that the contractile capacity of the saphenous and femoral arteries was strongly reduced in Smtn-B(-/-) mice, regardless of the contractile agonist used to trigger contraction. Arteries from Smtn-A/B(-/-) compound mutant mice exhibited a similar contractile deficit. Smtn-B(-/-) arteries had a normal architecture and expressed normal levels of other smooth muscle cell-specific genes, including smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and smooth muscle-calponin. Decreased contractility of Smtn-B(-/-) arteries was paradoxically accompanied by increased mean arterial pressure (20 mm Hg) and concomitant cardiac hypertrophy despite normal parasympathetic and sympathetic tone in Smtn-B(-/-) mice. Magnetic resonance imaging experiments revealed that cardiac function was not changed, whereas distension of the proximal aorta during the cardiac cycle was increased in Smtn-B(-/-) mice. However, isobaric pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure measurements indicated normal aortic distensibility.Collectively, our results identify smoothelins as key determinants of arterial smooth muscle contractility and cardiovascular performance. Studies on mutations in the Smtn gene or alterations in smoothelin levels in connection to hypertension in humans are warranted.
THERAPEUTIC INJECTIONS OF PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN UROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Gustav Kolischer
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The prompt assuaging of pain caused by urologic complications of gonorrheal or nongonorrheal origin is an active problem. It most frequently presents itself in acute epididymitis, prostatitis and gonorrheal arthritis. While it is true that in the majority of instances the current therapeutic efforts, such as epididymotomy, protein therapy, diathermy, aspiration and immobilization of the affected joint, will succeed in furnishing eventual relief, there still persists a more or less extended period of severe pain until the final therapeutic effect materializes. Injections of procaine hydrochloride round the afflicted areas furnish prompt cessation of pain, which relief is of a satisfactory duration. Areas of reflected pain (Head's zones) remote from the inflammatory focus may also be the seat of severe annoyance and will also become silent by the administration of this local anesthetic. It is known that renal and ureteral colics and perinephric pains are promptly relieved by paravertebral injections of
Downregulation of Myocardial Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C–Regulated Gene Expression in Diabetic Patients With Nonischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Peter Razeghi, Martin E. Young, Tonya C. Cockrill, O. Howard Frazier, Heinrich Taegtmeyer
Journal: Circulation (2002)

In animal studies, diabetes has been shown to induce changes in gene expression of key regulators in cardiac energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic gene expression in nonischemic failing hearts of diabetic patients differs from that in nonischemic failing hearts of nondiabetic patients.Left ventricular tissue was obtained from nonfailing hearts (n=6) and from nonischemic failing hearts of patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Myocardial transcript levels of key regulators in energy substrate metabolism (glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 4, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and uncoupling protein 3), calcium homeostasis (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase [SERCA2a], phospholamban, and cardiac ryanodine receptor), and contractile function (myosin heavy chain alpha) were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we measured myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and SERCA2a protein levels. Only MEF2C regulated transcripts (glucose transporter 4, SERCA2a, and myosin heavy chain alpha) were lower in the diabetic group compared with the nondiabetic group. MEF2C protein content was also decreased.MEF2C and MEF2C-regulated genes are decreased in the failing hearts of diabetic patients. This transcriptional mechanism may contribute to the contractile dysfunction in heart failure patients with diabetes.
P485Formation of contraction bands of heart muscle cells by spatially high-regional ablation of beta-dystroglycan via multiphoton excitation-evoked CALI
Authors: H Tanaka, T Adachi, Y Yamaoka, M Takahashi, T Takamatsu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Contraction band necrosis, a key morphological hallmark of ischemia-reperfusion injury, is caused by regional contracture at individual sarcomeres of cardiomyocytes. However, mechanisms underlying formation of the contraction bands remain undetermined. We found by immunohistochemistry that sites of contraction bands in rat ventricular myocytes show low expression of β-dystroglycan (β-DG), a membrane-spanning protein that physically links myofilaments to the extracellular matrix at the costameres. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that regional ablation of β-DG leads to genesis of contraction bands at the ablated sites. Methods: To address this possibility, we applied multiphoton (MP) excitation-evoked chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (MP-CALI) to neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (approximately 5.0 x 10(5) cells cultured on a 35-mm diameter glass-bottom dish for 2 days) that were transfected with cDNA encoding the protein fused with EGFP (βDG-EGFP), where EGFP fluorescence was homogeneously distributed along the cell membrane. Experiments were performed by using a MP laser-scanning microscope (LSM510 META NLO; Carl Zeiss) with a titanium-sapphire laser (MaiTai; Spectra-Physics; wavelength: 850 nm; pulse width: 100-fs; repetition frequency: 76 MHz; pixel dwell time: 1.61 ms; scan area: 7 mm x 1.4 mm; total scan time: 810 ms) via a 63X objective lens (N.A.=1.4). As the marker of actin filaments in cardiomyocytes, red fluorescent protein (RFP)-linked Lifeact plasmids were co-transfected to the myocytes with βDG-EGFP plasmid. Results: In all the 12 cells examined, MP-CALI of βDG-EGFP at a localized area of interest resulted in instantaneous bleaching of EGFP, followed by progressive aggregation of actin filaments (Lifeact-RFP positive) at the site of irradiation within 1 minute, resulting in formation of contraction bands at energy power of 1.1 mJ, where myocytes showed no evidence of hypercontracture. Incidence of contraction-band formation was dependent on energy power of excitation with a threshold of 0.85 mJ. On the other hand, MP irradiation of myocytes without βDG-EGFP transfection failed to generate contraction bands. Edaravone (1 mmol/L), a potent scavenger of free radicals, attenuated the formation, indicating mediation of free radicals generated by MP-CALI of βDG-EGFP. Conclusions: Regional ablation of βDG resulted in contraction-band formation in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Our present observations indicate an essential role of βDG in formation of contraction-band necrosis in the heart.
THE NATURE OF THE CIRCULATING THYROID HORMONE IN GRAVES' DISEASE 1
Authors: I. N. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Numerous clinical investigations have demon- strated that the concentration of plasma protein- bound iodine or serum precipitable iodine is a re- liable index of thyroid gland activity, the values correlating well with the basal heat production ( 1 ) and with clinical evaluation of thyroid function (2).In myxedema the concentration is below the euthyroid range and in hyperthyroidism ab- normally high values are found (3) which revert to normal following treatment of the disease by surgery (4) or by antithyroid drugs (5, 6).The serum concentration of protein-bound radioactive iodine in patients with hyperthyroidism has been found to be significantly higher than in euthyroid individuals 24 or more hours after an oral dose of I111 (7, 8).Similar observations have been made in animal studies; rats receiving thyrotropin in- jections show plasma concentrations of protein- bound I127, and, if injected with tracer I181, of protein-bound Il31 which are higher than normal controls, while in thyroidectomized animals the corresponding figures for protein-bound iodine in both isotope forms are very low (9).The chemical nature of the plasma protein-bound iodine in normal man has been the subject of several studies.Lerman (10) demonstrated by serological methods that human blood contains no detectable thyroglobulin.Trevorrow ( 11 ) re- ported that all the iodine in plasma may be ex- tracted free of protein by acetone, ethanol or bu- tanol, and subsequent application to human plasma (12, 13) and to plasma previously subjected to peptic digestion (14) of the Leland and Foster (15) method for separation of thyroxine from iodide and diiodotyrosine, showed that 70 to 90 per cent of the total iodine has solubility proper-
Percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein
Authors: I. C. W. English, R. M. Frew, J. F. G. Pigott, M. Zaki
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Two simple techniques for central venous cannulation by percutaneous puncture of the right internal jugular vein are described. They have been employed routinely for the last six months in all patients requiring central venous cannulation. No serious complications or difficulties have been encountered in a series of two hundred cases. The method allows free movement of the limbs postoperatively and avoids the painful thrombotic sequelae associated with the use of superficial veins for long-term cannulation.
Do not biopsy solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas!
Authors: P. Lévy, A. Auber, P. Ruszniewski
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We read with interest the paper entitled “Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: a multicenter experience” by Jani et al., in the March issue of Endoscopy [1]. We would like to make several comments. It has been well demonstrated for many years that endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is both a useful and safe procedure for the diagnosis of solid or cystic pancreatic tumors [2] [3]. This is true for the most common solid (adenocarcinoma, endocrine) and cystic (cystadenoma) tumors. However, before performing EUS-FNA in a patient, clinicians should consider how the results of the biopsy might change the therapeutic decision, i. e. to operate or not and in some selected cases, the type of surgical procedure. In other words, which cytohistological results will change the strategy? The second question, no less important, is the safety of EUS-FNA in the setting of a rare tumor.
WHO to call on nations with high rates of swine flu to move away from testing all suspected cases
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Health Organization said on Tuesday (7 July) that with the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic evolving rapidly, it plans to issue new guidelines for nations with large infection rates, advising them to move away from conducting laboratory testing on all suspected cases and to focus instead on monitoring big trends in the spread of disease.

Keiji Fukuda, the WHO’s interim assistant director general, said that because the number of cases had increased in so many countries “it’s very hard to keep up” and added that in the next few days the agency would be issuing “updated surveillance recommendations to countries.” This should also help ease …
Basal cell carcinoma follow-up practices by dermatologists: a national survey
Authors: C.P.R. Bower, J.T. Lear, D.A. De Berker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background After treatment of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients are at risk of recurrence of that BCC; also, patients who have had a primary BCC are those who have an increased risk of developing a subsequent primary BCC. However, long‐term hospital‐based follow‐up of all patients would put large strains on the U.K. health service. Objectives To investigate the follow‐up intentions of U.K. dermatologists for well‐defined facial BCC and to investigate the effect that variations in site and clinical indicators might have on those intentions. Methods A self‐completion questionnaire relating to BCC follow‐up sent to 388 dermatology consultants and associate specialists in the U.K. had a response rate of 68%. The effects of treatment modality, tumour site, histology, multiple lesions and various patient variables that might alter the likelihood of follow‐up were examined. General views on the subject of BCC follow‐up were sought. Results Twenty‐seven per cent of respondents reported that they would not review further after excision of a 'well‐defined' BCC from inside a central 'T' area on the face; 37% reported that they would review on one occasion; and 36% reported that they review more than once. Conclusions While it is currently not feasible to follow‐up all treated BCCs, a strategy to identify and monitor high‐risk patients and a system to gather long‐term outcome data prospectively are necessary aspects of a national health service. This study illustrates that the first issue is being addressed to some extent, but at the currently reported level of BCC follow‐up in the U.K. there is little scope for collecting comprehensive long‐term data on outcomes.
Telephone monitoring of patients with pacemakers in the west of Scotland.
Authors: G B Shaw, A L Evans, G M Brewster, B M Groden, W R Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A regional telephone pacemaker follow-up service has been established in the west of Scotland. Medical care is provided by clinics at district general hospitals in Ayrshire, and the pacemaker signals are transmitted by telephone from these clinics to a pacemaker centre in Glasgow. The success of the pilot project in Ayrshire will allow expansion of the service to include hospitals in other areas of the west of Scotland. The scheme is carefully monitored to ensure that patients with pacemakers receive adequate attention with a minimum of inconvenience.
Severe Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: O. F. Ehrentheil, W. E. Marchand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE successful management of a patient who had taken amobarbital (Amytal) in an amount considered almost always lethal is a gratifying experience. The case reported below is presented, however, to point out the importance of uninterrupted close supervision of the patient by a physician and to stress the fact that therapy must be closely gauged to the patient's everchanging condition.Unique features of the case are as follows: the amount of barbiturate taken could be determined exactly; treatment could be initiated a relatively short time after ingestion of the drug; and the patient was observed constantly from the time of . . .
522 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1 GENE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN KOREAN POPULATION
Authors: B.K. Jang, J.E. Lee, K.H. Kim, S.J. Kim, W.J. Chung, K.S. Park, K.B. Cho, K.I. Yu, D.H. Shin, J.S. Hwang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy by Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: L K Hatle, C P Appleton, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Doppler ultrasound recordings of mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary flow velocities, and their variation with respiration, were recorded in 12 patients with a restrictive cardiomyopathy and seven patients with constrictive pericarditis. Twenty healthy adults served as controls. The patients with constrictive pericarditis showed marked changes in left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and in early mitral and tricuspid flow velocities at the onset of inspiration and expiration. These changes disappeared after pericardiectomy and were not seen in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy or in normal subjects. The deceleration time of early mitral and tricuspid flow velocity was shorter than normal in both groups, indicating an early cessation of ventricular filling, but only patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy showed a further shortening of the tricuspid deceleration time with inspiration. Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was also more common in the patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that patients with constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy can be differentiated by comparing respiratory changes in transvalvular flow velocities. In addition, although baseline hemodynamics in the two groups were similar, characteristic changes were seen with respiration that suggest differentiation of these disease states may also be possible from hemodynamic data.