tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fee for service payments are thwarting evidence based medicine in the US
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Fee for service payment is one of five major reasons why healthcare in the United States has been slower to embrace comparative effectiveness research than some other countries, says new research.

A misalignment of financial incentives pushes patients and providers to disregard the evidence and pursue aggressive treatments even if they are no more effective than more conservative treatments, said Justin Timbie, lead author of a meta-analysis. He was speaking at a forum in Washington, DC, where the paper, which appears in a a focal issue of Health Affairs that also includes a series of interviews conducted by the RAND Corporation,1 was released. 

“Fee for service payment …
Optimal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Settings by Nonlinear Lung Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Robert H. Habib, Kee H. Pyon, Sherry E. Courtney
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Use of nontidal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) while the lungs are expanded by an imposed airway pressure (Paw) in neonates is increasingly based on evidence of decreased risk of lung injury. However, an objective method to optimize Paw is lacking. We measured lung volume changes (ΔVL[t]) via respiratory inductance plethysmography over a range of Paw settings in five piglets before and after lung lavage. These multiple ΔVL(t) were then simultaneously fit by an exponential rise to maximum model, ΔVL(t, Paw) = ΔVL,max · (1 − e–(t/τ)), where ΔVL,max was a sigmoidal function of Paw and τ varied with lung volume. Postlavage, the effective compliance (CEFF = ΔVL,max/Paw) was generally decreased, whereas τ increased, indicating a slower paced volume recruitment. Model-derived CEFF–ΔVL,max relationships were altered substantially after lavage and were sigmoidal with a bell-shaped derivative function. The maximum of its derivative corresponded to a favorable (or optimal) ΔVL/Paw where the maximal increase in compliance is achieved. In conclusion, CEFF–ΔVL,max data available from respiratory inductance plethysmography provided important insight to changes in lung mechanics. These also provided a basis of an objective method (1) to optimize Paw during HFOV and (2) to assess the efficacy of treatments and progression/regression of underlying disease in neonates managed with HFOV.
Dermatology for Students
Authors: Walter F. Lever
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. Noojin invited 28 leading dermatologists throughout the United States to present brief presentations of the most common cutaneous diseases to medical students. The contributions vary in length from 3% to 23 pages and, on the whole, give the student the essential facts. Since the entire book has only 257 pages (excluding the colored plates), the number of diseases that could be included had to be severely restricted. One might well argue that, even in a book written for medical students, such important diseases as pemphigus vulgaris, dermatitis herpetiformis, lupus vulgaris, erythema induratum, mycosis fungoides, dermatofibroma, and Kaposi's sarcoma should be briefly discussed. It seems unfortunate that the important problem of dermatitiseczema has not been presented in a unified fashion. The various diseases of this group are found widely scattered in the book: dermatitis venenata under vesicular dermatoses, seborrheic dermatitis under papulosquamous eruptions, neurodermatitis under neurodermatoses, and infantile eczema and
Small-Molecule Antagonists for CXCR2 and CXCR1 Inhibit Human Melanoma Growth by Decreasing Tumor Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Seema Singh, Anguraj Sadanandam, Kalyan C. Nannuru, Michelle L. Varney, Rosemary Mayer-Ezell, Richard Bond, Rakesh K. Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, accounts for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths and current therapeutic strategies are not effective in advanced disease. In the current study, we have investigated the efficacy of orally active small-molecule antagonist targeting CXCR2/CXCR1.Human A375SM melanoma cells were treated with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123, and their effect on proliferation, motility, and invasion was evaluated in vitro. We examined the downstream signaling events in the cells following treatment with antagonists. For in vivo studies, A375SM cells were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice followed by administration of SCH-479833, SCH-527123, or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (20%) orally for 21 days and their effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis was evaluated.Our data show that SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 inhibited the melanoma cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasive potential in vitro. Treatment of melanoma cells with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 also inhibited tumor growth. Histologic and histochemical analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) decreases in tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density in tumors. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in melanoma cell apoptosis in SCH-479833- or SCH-527123-treated animals compared with controls.Together, these studies show that selectively targeting CXCR2/CXCR1 with orally active small-molecule inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach for inhibiting melanoma growth and angiogenesis.
Cyclosporine in patients with atopic dermatitis modulates activated inflammatory pathways and reverses epidermal pathology
Authors: Saakshi Khattri, Avner Shemer, Mariya Rozenblit, Nikhil Dhingra, Tali Czarnowicki, Robert Finney, Patricia Gilleaudeau, Mary Sullivan-Whalen, Xiuzhong Zheng, Hui Xu, Irma Cardinale, Cristina de Guzman Strong, Juana Gonzalez, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Jim G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
[165] COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DMA (cccDNA) IN POST-TRANSPLANT LIVER BIOPSIES: A NEW TOOL TO ASSESS THE NEED OF CONTINUOUS PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST HBV RECURRENCE
Authors: I. Lend, D. Di Paolo, G. Tisone, F. Marcuccilli, M. Ciotti, T. Guenci, C.F. Perno, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of L-glutamine and n-butyrate on the restitution of rat colonic mucosa after acid induced injury.
Authors: W Scheppach, G Dusel, T Kuhn, C Loges, H Karch, H P Bartram, F Richter, S U Christl, H Kasper
Journal: Gut (1996)

L-glutamine and n-butyrate are important nutrients for colonocytes affecting both their structure and function. The effect of these epithelial substrates on resealing of rat distal colon after acid induced injury was studied.Isolated colonic mucosa of 32 rats was mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed to Krebs-Ringer solution for four hours. Epithelial injury was induced by short-term exposure to luminal hydrochloric acid and resealing was studied with or without added glutamine or butyrate.Glutamine (luminal and serosal) reduced tissue conductance, mannitol and lactulose permeability, and permeation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Glutamine (serosal) diminished conductance and mannitol permeability. Both interventions stimulated bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in nuclei of colonocytes. Luminal butyrate had no measurable effect on these parameters.These data suggest that L-glutamine stimulates repair mechanisms of rat colonic mucosa after acid injury. This effect on the gut barrier is associated with a stimulation of crypt cell proliferation. The addition of glutamine to parenteral solutions may be beneficial for patients under intensive care whose intestinal barrier is weakened in the course of sepsis and trauma.
Advance Directives: Do They Provide Direction?-Reply
Authors: Kent W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Unfortunately, we were not aware of the study by Dr Zinberg in the<i>Vermont Law Review</i>prior to his letter. His fundamental objection is to our method, which he thinks is inferior to his own. In our opinion, neither method of study, interviews or mailed surveys, is inherently superior. More important is the design of the study, especially ensuring representative subject selection and avoiding bias. Our study of a large segment of the population of physicians in Arkansas documented their self-reported experiences with and attitudes toward advance directives. Although a higher response rate than the 62.5% obtained obviously would have given us greater assurance of the validity of the results, we doubt that it would have altered the conclusions significantly. A detailed analysis of the results was not possible given the space limitations for publishing in<i>JAMA</i>. In any case, response to a general attitude question toward
938-58 Cyclic Variation in Myocardial Grey Level as a Marker of Viability in Man — a Videodensitometric Study
Authors: Cecilia Marini, Albert Varga, Alessandro Pingitore, Marco Paterni, Stefano Bosi, Paolo Marzullo, Assuero Giorgetti, Eugenio Picano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Intragenic duplication and divergence in the spectrin superfamily of proteins
Authors: G. H. Thomas, E. C. Newbern, C. C. Korte, M. A. Bales, S. V. Muse, A. G. Clark, D. P. Kiehart
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Many structural, signaling, and adhesion molecules contain tandemly repeated amino acid motifs. The alpha-actinin/spectrin/dystrophin superfamily of F-actin-crosslinking proteins contains an array of triple alpha-helical motifs (spectrin repeats). We present here the complete sequence of the novel beta-spectrin isoform beta(Heavy)-spectrin (beta H). The sequence of beta H supports the origin of alpha- and beta-spectrins from a common ancestor, and we present a novel model for the origin of the spectrins from a homodimeric actin-crosslinking precursor. The pattern of similarity between the spectrin repeat units indicates that they have evolved by a series of nested, nonuniform duplications. Furthermore, the spectrins and dystrophins clearly have common ancestry, yet the repeat unit is of a different length in each family. Together, these observations suggest a dynamic period of increase in repeat number accompanied by homogenization within each array by concerted evolution. However, today, there is greater similarity of homologous repeats between species than there is across repeats within species, suggesting that concerted evolution ceased some time before the arthropod/vertebrate split. We propose a two-phase model for the evolution of the spectrin repeat arrays in which an initial phase of concerted evolution is subsequently retarded as each new protein becomes constrained to a specific length and the repeats diverge at the DNA level. This evolutionary model has general applicability to the origins of the many other proteins that have tandemly repeated motifs.
Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells induced by preameloblast-derived factors
Authors: Ji-Hyun Lee, Dong-Seol Lee, Han-Wool Choung, Won-Jun Shon, Byoung-Moo Seo, Eun-Hyang Lee, Je-Yoel Cho, Joo-Cheol Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Review of the Evidence for the Role of Pharmacologic Therapy, Electrical Cardioversion, and Echocardiography
Authors: Robert L. McNamara, Leonardo J. Tamariz, Jodi B. Segal, Eric B. Bass
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Purpose: This review summarizes the available evidence regarding the efficacy of medications used for ventricular rate control, stroke prevention, acute conversion, and maintenance of sinus rhythm, as well as the efficacy of electrical cardioversion and the use of echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. Data Sources: The Cochrane Collaboration's database of controlled clinical trials and MEDLINE. Study Selection: Primarily randomized, controlled trials of medications. Data Extraction: Paired reviewers obtained data on efficacy and safety. Strength of evidence was assessed. Data Synthesis: Recent clinical trial results showed that most patients with atrial fibrillation have similar outcomes with strategies for controlling ventricular rate compared with strategies for restoring sinus rhythm. For efficacy of primary stroke prevention, compared with placebo, evidence was strong for warfarin and suggestive for aspirin. The evidence for an increased risk for major bleeding was suggestive for warfarin and inconclusive for aspirin. For ventricular rate control, verapamil, diltiazem, atenolol, and metoprolol were qualitatively superior to digoxin and placebo, particularly during exercise. For efficacy of acute conversion, compared with placebo, evidence was strong for ibutilide, flecainide, dofetilide, propafenone, amiodarone, and quinidine. For efficacy of maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion from atrial fibrillation, evidence was strong for amiodarone, propafenone, disopyramide, and sotalol. Echocardiography was found to be useful in estimating risk for thromboembolism and potentially useful in estimating likelihood of successful cardioversion and maintenance. Conclusions: For several key questions in the pharmacologic management of atrial fibrillation, strong evidence exists to support 1 or more treatment options.
Incidence and mechanism of interruption of reentrant ventricular tachycardia with rapid ventricular pacing.
Authors: Y Aizawa, S Niwano, M Chinushi, M Tamura, Y Kusano, T Miyajima, H Kitazawa, A Shibata
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Information concerning the electrophysiological characteristics of the reentrant circuit is still limited. To understand the incidence and mechanism of pacing-induced interruption of ventricular tachycardia (VT), rapid pacing was performed to entrain VT, and the local electrogram at the VT origin and the surface electrocardiogram were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 25 patients, evidence of transient entrainment was confirmed in 20 patients, but the critical paced cycle length at which VT was interrupted was obtained in 13 patients when the paced cycle length was decreased in steps of 10 msec. During pacing at the critical cycle length (defined as block cycle length), changes in the local electrogram at VT origin were confirmed in all of the 13 patients; that is, 1) a change in morphology and 2) a change in the timing of activation: a sudden shortening in the stimulus to local electrogram time (third entrainment criterion by Waldo). The two changes mean that the exit is activated from a different direction (retrograde capture) because of an orthodromic block in the slow conduction zone. The QRS complex in the surface electrocardiogram showed a change in configuration from the fusion complex to the fully paced one at the same time when the exit was captured antidromically. CONCLUSIONS Based on our observations in these patients, ventricular tachycardia interruption is very often associated with orthodromic block in the reentrant circuit at a critical cycle length of rapid pacing.
RADIATION DEPIGMENTATION OF MOUSE HAIR: EFFECTS OF MOUSE STRAIN
Authors: Christopher S. Potten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article RADIATION DEPIGMENTATION OF MOUSE HAIR: EFFECTS OF MOUSE STRAIN Get access CHRISTOPHER S. POTTEN CHRISTOPHER S. POTTEN Paterson Laboratories, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester 20, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 4, 1 April 1969, Pages 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13983.x Published: 01 April 1969 Article history Accepted: 07 September 1968 Published: 01 April 1969
250 dernières mucosectomies du colon: les situations difficiles, les résections après traitement antérieur, les complications et leurs traitements endoscopiques
Authors: JM Canard, V Cucchi, S Seror
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

But: Décrire et rapporter le traitement endoscopique des perforations après mucosectomie endoscopiques ainsi que la prévention de ces complications.
ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Sefik S. Alkan, Maurice E. Bush, Danute E. Nitecki, Joel W. Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The low molecular weight compound L-tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate (RAT) induces a cellular immune response in guinea pigs. The contribution of the side chain of tyrosine to the immunogenicity of RAT and the structural requirements at that position for immunogenicity were assessed by synthesizing a series of analogs of RAT containing modifications in the side chain of tyrosine and employing them as immunogens. Removal of either the carboxyl or amino group did not markedly affect immunogenicity, measured by the induction of delayed cutaneous sensitivity, whereas deletion of both completely abolished it. However, a charged group was not required since side chains containing a polar hydroxyl group could substitute for chains bearing an amino or carboxyl group. The size of the side chain exerted a pronounced influence; the charged or polar substituent had to be extended from the phenolic ring by at least two carbon atoms in order to confer immunogenicity.
Abstract 3208: Identification and characterization of a small molecule involved in the downregulation of RET transcription in MTC
Authors: Vishnu Muthuraj Kumarasamy, Yoon-Joo Shin, Daekyu Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The gain of function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, which results in the constitutive activation of the mitogenic pathways, were found mainly in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC). In our study, a new therapeutic strategy has been explored to repress the expression of the RET gene by targeting the transcriptional activation of this gene with small molecules. The transcriptional inhibitor of the RET gene was initially screened from the NCI chemical libraries using the cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay, which has a promoter sequence identical to the RET promoter. As a result of our screening effort, a small molecule, nonactin, has been identified as a potential lead compound, downregulating the transcriptional activity of the RET gene promoter. The effect of this molecule in the downregulation of the RET mRNA levels and the protein levels was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting respectively. We also observed that Egr1 expression is downergulated in a dose dependent manner by this small molecule, which is in correlation with the RET downregulation. The RET promoter has a highly conserved GC rich region, which acts as a binding site for Egr-1, which is involved in the transcription of many growth factor genes. Thus, we conclude that Egr1 would be one of important transcriptional factors involved in the activation of the RET and nonactin inhibits the expression of Egr1, which in turn downregulates the transcription of RET oncogene. Citation Format: Vishnu Muthuraj Kumarasamy, Yoon-Joo Shin, Daekyu Sun. Identification and characterization of a small molecule involved in the downregulation of RET transcription in MTC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3208. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3208
Exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic children at preschool age predicts later asthma
Authors: F. Singer, I. Luchsinger, D. Inci, N. Knauer, P. Latzin, J. H. Wildhaber, A. Moeller
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Prediction of asthma in young children with respiratory symptoms is hampered by the lack of objective measures applicable in clinical routine. In this prospective study in a preschool children cohort, we assessed whether the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of airway inflammation, is associated with asthma at school age.At baseline, IgE and eosinophils were measured in the blood, and FeNO was measured offline in 391 children aged 3-47 months with lower airway symptoms. We developed an asthma predictive index (API) including high FeNO as major criterion. At follow-up, primary outcome was physician-diagnosed asthma based on standardized interviews in those children reaching school age (n = 166).FeNO was significantly elevated in those children with later asthma (68/166) as compared to children not developing asthma. Median (IQR) FeNO was 10.5 (6.6-17.2) vs. 7.4 (5.3-10.3) ppb. Per 5 ppb FeNO increase, the odds ratio (95% CI) for asthma increased by 2.44 (1.61-3.70) without changing when adjusting for confounders. Using the new API, children scored at risk had 58.0% probability for later asthma, whereas the negative predictive value was 78.2%, which was comparable to the classical API.In this cohort of high-risk preschool children, elevated FeNO is associated with increased risk for school-age asthma. The new API including FeNO identifies children at risk of later asthma comparably to the classical API, but does not require blood sampling.
458 HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA IS A CENTRAL TRANSACTIVATOR OF THE NTCP GENE IN RODENTS
Authors: I.V. Martin, C.G. Dietrich, N. Balasubramaniyan, F.J. Suchy, C. Gartung, C. Trautwein, M. Ananthanarayanan, A. Geier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Separating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities in Girls: A Familial Risk Analysis
Authors: Alysa E. Doyle, Stephen V. Faraone, Emily P. DuPre, Joseph Biederman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Familial risk analysis was used to clarify the relationship in girls between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities in either mathematics or reading. METHOD: The authors assessed the presence of ADHD and learning disabilities in 679 first-degree relatives of three groups of index children: girls with ADHD and a comorbid learning disability, girls with ADHD but no learning disabilities, and a comparison group of girls without ADHD. RESULTS: The risk for ADHD was similarly higher in families of ADHD probands with and without learning disabilities; both groups had significantly higher rates of ADHD than did families of the comparison girls. In contrast, only among relatives of ADHD probands with a learning disability was there a higher risk for learning disabilities. A strong (although statistically nonsignificant) difference emerged that suggested at least some degree of cosegregation of ADHD and learning disabilities in family members. There was no evidence of nonrandom mating between spouses with ADHD and learning disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: These results extend previously reported findings regarding the relationship of ADHD and learning disabilities to female subjects and raise the possibility that, in girls, the relationship between ADHD and learning disabilities is due to shared familial risk factors.