tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rethinking innovative designs to further test parasite-stress theory
Authors: Ayse K. Uskul
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Fincher &amp; Thornhill's (F&amp;T's) parasite-stress theory of sociality is supported largely by correlational evidence; its persuasiveness would increase significantly via lab and natural experiments and demonstrations of its mediating role. How the theory is linked to other approaches to group differences in psychological differences and to production and dissemination of cultural ideas and practices, need further clarification. So does the theory's view on the possible reduction of negative group interactions.
1160 Analysis of early viral kinetics and T-cell reactivity in relation to HBEAG seroconversion during the first 12 weeks of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: G LAU, H COOKSLEY, E MONDOU, C BROSGART, S LEWIN, A PERELSON, S BOWDEN, K POWERS, R RIBEIRO, S LOCARNINI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Increased Cholecystectomy Rate After the Introduction of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Antonio P. Legorreta
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To examine if overall cost savings may fail to result from laparoscopic ("closed") cholecystectomy if it also results in an increased total rate of cholecystectomies or generates additional costs unassociated with the open procedure.Inpatient and outpatient expenditures, incidence rates, and length of inpatient stay data for 6909 health maintenance organization enrollees with gallbladder complaints were analyzed from 1988 through 1992 using claims data from a large, private practice-based health maintenance organization.The incidence of cholecystectomy and total health maintenance organization expenditures on gallbladder disease have increased since the introduction of laparoscopic closed cholecystectomy. The rate of cholecystectomy procedures per 1000 enrollees increased from 1.35 in 1988 to 2.15 in 1992 (P < .001). Total annual medical expenditures on gallbladder disease per 1000 enrollees (in 1992 dollars) rose 11.4% during the study period (P < .001), despite a concurrent 25.1% decline in the unit cost (physician and hospital cost) for cholecystectomy procedures (P < .001). During the same study period, no significant change was noted in the rate of appendectomy per 1000 enrollees (0.76 in 1988 to 0.73 in 1992), which is a measure of nonelective surgical care, or in the inguinal hernia repair rate (2.01 in 1988 to 2.19 in 1992), which has a physician and patient discretionary component similar to that of cholecystectomy.The introduction of laparoscopic gallbladder surgery resulted in rising rates of cholecystectomy for a population of patients in a private, independent practice-based health maintenance organization. Such a rise was not seen for hernia repair surgery or appendectomy. It seems that the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a new technology touted as reducing health care costs, may result in an increased consumption of health care resources due to changes in the indications for gallbladder surgery.
Foreign doctors face increasing racism in Ireland
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A prominent Irish psychiatrist—who was also Ireland's first Indian member of the legislature—says that foreign doctors in Ireland are increasingly the targets of racist attitudes and attacks.

Dr Moosajee Bhamjee presented a petition to the minister of justice last week based on comments he had obtained from 100 foreign doctors. A follow up survey by the Irish Medical Times led the publication to conclude that there was “blatant evidence of discrimination” against doctors who are not from the European Union.

Dr Bhamjee believes racism has increased in Ireland …
A prospective clinical, scintigraphic, angiographic and functional evaluation of patients after inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: David E. Haines, George A. Beller, Denny D. Watson, Thomas W. Nygaard, George B. Craddock, Ann A. Cooper, Robert S. Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Geographical relations between patients and general practitioners
Authors: S. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1995)

modest alkalosis causing vasoconstriction (pH about 7 4-7 5) this difference increased to 0 53 kPa (unpublished observations).Forster et al have found unsatisfactory correlation between arterial and arterialised venous samples for partial pressure of oxygen.4Capillary or venous sampling to estimate arterial blood gas pressure has been used for many years,24 and several other indirect methods have also been used.'Whilesome results have been encouraging, the conclusion that such methods should become routine is probably still premature.If knowledge of the arterial blood gas pressures is important in determining management in potentially life threatening conditions then the arterial blood gas pressures should be measured.
Effect of Starvation on the Turnover and Metabolic Response to Leucine
Authors: Robert S. Sherwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

l-Leucine was administered as a primed continuous 3-4-h infusion in nonobese and obese subjects in the postabsorptive state and for 12 h in obese subjects after a 3-day and 4-wk fast. In nonobese and obese subjects studied in the post-absorptive state, the leucine infusion resulted in a 150-200% rise in plasma leucine above preinfusion levels, a small decrease in plasma glucose, and unchanged levels of plasma insulin and glucagon and blood ketones. Plasma isoleucine (60-70%) and valine (35-40%) declined to a greater extent than other amino acids (P < 0.001).
1050. Adenoviral Clostridial Light Chain Expression in the Medial Forebrain Bundle: A Reversible Model of Dopamine Depletion
Authors: Mary E. Garrity-Moses, Qingshan Teng, Jun Yang, Thais Federici, Erin Gilbert, Thyagarajan Subramanian, Nicholas M. Boulis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Use of Arterial Transfer Functions for the Derivation of Central Aortic Waveform Characteristics in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Response to Hope et al.
Authors: Ian B. Wilkinson, Carmel McEniery
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We read with interest the recent article by Hope et al. (1) concerning the noninvasive estimation of central aortic pressure waveforms in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We entirely agree with their view that aortic rather than …
DOES SENSITISATION PLAY A ROLE IN THE PAIN OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY?
Authors: J Zwerver, K H Konopka, D Keizer, R Dekker, C P van Wilgen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction The aetiology and pain mechanisms of tendinopathies are not completely understood. Currently, little is known regarding whether, or to which degree, somatosensory changes within the nervous system may contribute to the pain in tendinopathies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether somatosensory changes represent a plausible explanation for pain in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy. Methods A patient controlled study in which the standardised QST protocol developed by the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain was used. This protocol consists of seven different tests that measure 13 somatosensory parameters and can be seen as the gold standard to measure somatosensory function. Results Twelve athletes with clinically diagnosed chronic patellar tendinopathy (PT) with a mean duration of 30 months (range 6–120) and 20 controls were included in the study. In two of the 13 QST parameters, namely Mechanical Pain Threshold (p&lt;0.05) and Vibration Disappearance Threshold (p&lt;0.5), injured athletes were significantly more sensitive for the applied stimuli. None of the athletes had signs of Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia. Discussion Reduced mechanical pain thresholds or pinprick allodynia reflects the involvement of central sensitisation upon the myelinated (Ad-fibre) nociceptive input. From this explorative study, we conclude that sensitisation may play a prominent role in the pain experienced during and after sports activity, by patellar tendinopathy patients.
Factors Influencing Dermatitis in Coal-miners
Authors: R. B. Knowles
Journal: BMJ (1944)

days.This period was decreased if doses of 25 to 50 mg.were given (Birnberg, Kurzrok, and Klor, 1940).Siegler and Silver- stein (1940) inhibited lactation by giving total doses of 25 to 125 mg. of testosterone dipropionate in divided doses every 12 hours, with a total of three to five injections.Lass (1942) states that methyl testosterone in repeated doses of 25 mg.inhibits lactation in 48 hours; total dosage was from 250 to 350 mg.In 7 out of 25 cases methyl testosterone was effectixl on the first day.A new synthetic oestrogen-octofollin or 2:4-di-(p-hydroxvphenyl)-3-ethyl hexane-has recentlv been used for the inhibi- tion of lactation (Murphy, 1943).This, given over a period of four days in doses of 5 m.g.t.i.d., yields results similar to those obtained with stilboestrol.From this discussion it is clear that hexoestrol dipropionate given parenterally is more effective for the inhibition of lactation than the other synthetic oestrogens and testosterone or its deri- vatives.With the possible exception of methyl testosterone none of these is effective in inhibiting lactation on the first day of treatment.The use of synthetic androgens in high dosage is ruled out on the grounds of expense. SummaryA single intramuscular injection of 12.5 mg. of hexoestrol dipro- pionate inhibited lactation in 66% of a series of 44 mothers shortly after childbirth.When given within the first three days of delivery lactation did not occur, and there were no signs of breast engorge- ment or discomfort.Of the remaining 34% all but 2% ultimately responded to repeated injections.Only 18% required treatment for more than three days.A further course of injections, given to suppress " secondary filling," was necessary in only 7% of the cases.This compares well with the figure of 25 to 45% for stilboestrol.Hexoestrol dipropionate, given intramuscularly in one or two doses, was effective in suppressing lactation in five cases in which it had already been established.Hexoestrol dipropionate given by mouth is not so satisfactory as when given by injection.Literature on the inhibition of lactation by oestrogens and androgens is reviewed.Thanks are due to the members of the resident medical staff of the Mothers' Hospital, Clapton, for their assistance and care in keeping records of the cases.
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in the course of Kaposi's sarcoma-report of a case
Authors: M. S. Noah, M. A. Siddiqui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with Kaposi's sarcoma in a 42‐year‐old male from the south of Saudi Arabia is reported. This association has not previously been reported in the medical literature. The occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma in renal transplant recipients and in those suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome has been well documented. Kaposi's sarcoma has been infrequently reported in association with autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura was made after all secondary causes of thrombocytopenic purpura had been excluded. The diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma was confirmed by the histopathological examination of a skin biopsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association.
Association Between Elevated Testosterone and Development of Microalbuminuria During Puberty in Female Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Yoshihiro Kitagawa, Naoto Nakamura, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

We read with great interest the recent article by Amin et al. (1), reporting that differences in IGF-1 and androgen concentrations and disruption of glycemic control accompany development of microalbuminuria at puberty. A possible association of diabetic microvascular complications with hormonal abnormalities related to this developmental period is important because risk of microvascular complications increases at puberty, especially in female subjects.

The effect of testosterone on insulin resistance is opposite …
Hearing and hair cells are protected by adenoviral gene therapy with TGF-β1 and GDNF
Authors: Kohei Kawamoto, Masao Yagi, Timo Stöver, Sho Kanzaki, Yehoash Raphael
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) overexpression in the inner ear can protect hair cells against degeneration induced by aminoglycoside ototoxicity. The protective efficiency of GDNF increases when it is combined with co-factors such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a ubiquitous cytokine. The aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-β1 receptors are expressed in the inner ear and whether a cocktail of GDNF and TGF-β1 transgenes provides enhanced protection of the inner ear against ototoxic trauma. Using RT-PCR analysis, we determined that both TGF-β1 receptors, type 1 and 2 are present in rat cochlea. We co-inoculated two adenoviral vectors, one encoding human TGF-β1 gene (Ad.TGF-β1) and the other encoding human GDNF gene (Ad.GDNF) into guinea pig cochleae 4 days prior to injecting an ototoxic dose of aminoglycosides. Inoculated ears had better hearing and fewer missing inner hair cells after exposure to the aminoglycoside ototoxicity, as compared with controls and ears treated only with Ad.GDNF. Cochleae with TGF-β1 overexpression exhibited fibrosis in the scala tympani regardless of the presence of GDNF. Our results suggest that the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of GDNF and TGF-β1 can be used in combination to protect cochlear hair cells and hearing from ototoxic trauma.
Amplification of AML1 gene is present in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not in adult, and is not associated with AML1 gene mutation
Authors: D Penther, C Preudhomme, P Talmant, C Roumier, A Godon, F Méchinaud, N Milpied, R Bataille, H Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Seasonal comparison of cytokine profiles in atopic asthmatics and atopic non-asthmatics.
Authors: C Tang, I M Rolland, C Ward, R Bish, F Thien, E H Walters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Previous studies have suggested that peripheral blood T cell cytokine release may reflect the situation in the bronchial mucosa in atopic asthmatics. We have therefore examined spontaneous, rye grass pollen-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from atopic asthmatic, atopic non-asthmatic and normal controls in and out of the rye grass pollen season. Compared to normal controls, both atopic groups showed higher IL-2 and IL-5 production (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) and higher percentages of CD4 cells expressing CD25 and HLA-DR (p < 0.05) in response to rye grass pollen, elevated IL-4 production in response to PHA (p < 0.01), and a non-significant trend towards lower IFN-gamma production. However, the capacity of PBMC from atopic asthmatics to produce IL-5 was greater than that for atopic non-asthmatics (p < 0.05). Furthermore, seasonal changes in symptom score, FEV1 % predicted, and PD20 methacholine correlated with seasonal elevated production of IL-5 by PBMC in the asthmatic group (r = 0.862, -0.679, and -0.620; p < 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05, respectively). Our results suggest that elevated production of IL-2 and IL-4 and higher percentages of activated CD4 T cells are associated with atopy per se, but elevated production of IL-5 also relates to the clinical expression of atopic asthma.
Labour's health policy.
Authors: R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Marks a retreat from ideology

The NHS presents the Labour party, as the next government in waiting, with a particularly difficult political challenge. On the one hand, the party's apocalyptic prophecies about the consequences of the changes in 1991 have been betrayed by events: the NHS has not disintegrated, nor has it been privatised. On the other hand, the party's commitment to financial austerity, should it be returned to office, inhibits it from buying support by making any promises about more generous funding. In the circumstances, the Labour party's manifesto on health, Renewing the NHS,1 is a remarkably skilful document. It signals a retreat from dogmatism and an acceptance of the need for a pragmatic policy under a smokescreen of ideological rhetoric.

The rhetoric is designed to reassure the party faithful. The manifesto evokes a mythical past when everything was splendid in the NHS. It describes a demonised present in which the Conservative government is corrupting the NHS's ideals. But the proposals are designed to reassure the public and the professionals working in the NHS. They turn out to be surprisingly modest, often building on the much denounced changes of recent years, largely cosmetic in character, and designed to allow scope …
Book Review The Haemolytic Anaemias, Volume 5: Drug- and chemical-induced haemolytic anaemias; paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; haemolytic disease of the newborn Third edition. By Sir John Dacie. 448 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1999. $175. 0-4430-6269-2
Authors: Lucio Luzzatto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Heterogeneous 18F-FDG Uptake in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: John-Paul J. Yu, Ramon F. Barajas, Dare Olorunsola, Leo P. Sugrue, Miguel Hernandez-Pampaloni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) describes an infection of the upper aerodigestive tract by the human papilloma virus most commonly affecting the larynx with rare lung involvement in 1%-2% of affected patients. We describe an unusual case of a 28-year-old male patient with a longstanding history of RRP where a whole-body PET/CT obtained for disease staging revealed multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules in addition to the more typical tracheobronchial papillomas. In the case described herein, we report heterogeneous uptake of 18F-FDG among these RRP lesions, suggesting significant unexpected variability in the underlying metabolic behavior of these lesions.
Exploration of the Rapid Effects of Personal Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Arterial Hemodynamics and Vascular Function during the Same Day
Authors: Robert D. Brook, Hwashin H. Shin, Robert L. Bard, Richard T. Burnett, Alan Vette, Carry Croghan, Jonathan Thornburg, Charles Rodes, Ron Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundLevels of fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] are associated with alterations in arterial hemodynamics and vascular function. However, the characteristics of the same-day exposure–response relationships remain unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the effects of personal PM2.5 exposures within the preceding 24 hr on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), brachial artery diameter (BAD), endothelial function [flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)], and nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD).MethodsFifty-one nonsmoking subjects had up to 5 consecutive days of 24-hr personal PM2.5 monitoring and daily cardiovascular (CV) measurements during summer and/or winter periods. The associations between integrated hour-long total personal PM2.5 exposure (TPE) levels (continuous nephelometry among compliant subjects with low secondhand tobacco smoke exposures; n = 30) with the CV outcomes were assessed over a 24-hr period by linear mixed models.ResultsWe observed the strongest associations (and smallest estimation errors) between HR and TPE recorded 1–10 hr before CV measurements. The associations were not pronounced for the other time lags (11–24 hr). The associations between TPE and FMD or BAD did not show as clear a temporal pattern. However, we found some suggestion of a negative association with FMD and a positive association with BAD related to TPE just before measurement (0–2 hr).ConclusionsBrief elevations in ambient TPE levels encountered during routine daily activity were associated with small increases in HR and trends toward conduit arterial vasodilatation and endothelial dysfunction within a few hours of exposure. These responses could reflect acute PM2.5-induced autonomic imbalance and may factor in the associated rapid increase in CV risk among susceptible individuals.
Study finds that chemotherapy during pregnancy appears to be safe for babies
Authors: S. Wedgwood
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Babies of women who had chemotherapy for breast cancer while pregnant had no more major complications than those whose mothers had no medical intervention, a study has found.

The study, published in Lancet Oncology ,1 examined a group of more than 400 pregnant women from across Europe who had early stage breast cancer. Altogether 197 (48%) of the women had chemotherapy during the pregnancy, and the health of all the babies was reviewed at birth and up to four weeks after delivery. 

The investigators found that babies whose mothers had chemotherapy while pregnant had, on average, a lower birth weight than those whose mothers were not treated with chemotherapy. But height, Apgar scores, haemoglobin concentration, leucocyte and …
Transcriptional targeting of replication-defective adenovirus transgene expression to smooth muscle cells in vivo.
Authors: S Kim, H Lin, E Barr, L Chu, J M Leiden, M S Parmacek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Gene transfer using replication-defective adenoviruses (RDAd) holds promise for the treatment of vascular proliferative disorders, but is potentially limited by the capacity of these viruses to infect multiple cell lineages. We have generated an RDAd vector, designated AdSM22-lacZ, which encodes the bacterial lacZ reporter gene under the transcriptional control of the smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific SM22alpha promoter. Here, we show that in vitro AdSM22-lacZ programs expression of the lacZ reporter gene in primary rat aortic SMCs and immortalized A7r5 SMCs, but not in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or NIH 3T3 cells. Consistent with these results, after intraarterial administration of AdSM22-lacZ to control and balloon-injured rat carotid arteries, beta-galactosidase activity was detected within SMCs of the tunica media and neointima, but not within endothelial or adventitial cells. Moreover, intravenous administration of AdSM22-lacZ did not result in lacZ gene expression in the liver or lungs. Finally, we have shown that direct injection of AdSM22-lacZ into SMC-containing tissues such as the ureter and bladder results in high-level transgene expression in visceral SMCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that transgene expression after infection with an RDAd vector can be regulated in an SMC lineage-restricted fashion by using a transcriptional cassette containing the SMC-specific SM22alpha promoter. The demonstration of an efficient gene delivery system targeted specifically to SMCs provides a novel means to restrict expression of recombinant gene products to vascular or visceral SMCs in vivo.
"There's none so blind as the double blind." Discuss
Authors: A. Seaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I confess to a deep unease about therapeutic correctness and the guideline industry. While it is worthwhile knowing that a drug on average does more good than harm when tried on many thousands of patients, ultimately it is its effect on my patient that matters.

Archie Cochrane was extremely sceptical of established practice and questioned everything. The first thing he ever said to me was that he believed lateral chest radiographs were unnecessary, a point that at the time few would have agreed with. When pressed, he admitted that he couldn't interpret them, but that only a trial would convince him of their value. Fortunately I had some evidence. I like to think of him in Heaven, whisky in hand, smiling a sceptical smile as bigger and bigger studies, funded by increasingly anxious drug companies, are required to show smaller and smaller benefits. But I'm sure he is pleased at the scrutiny this initiative has brought to common intractable problems of patient management such as incontinence.

In 1906, …