tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alteration of the growth of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 by epidermal growth factor, a contaminant of crude human chorionic gonadotropin preparations.
Authors: G E Knox, D W Reynolds, S Cohen, C A Alford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Pretreatment (12-48 h) of human fibroblasts with crude, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was found to suppress cytomegalovirus infection and enhance productive herpes simplex type 1 (HSV) infection in vitro. Maximal effect on virus replication occurred at the time of maximal infectivity of control cultures (48 h and 6 days after viral innoculation for HSV and cytomegalovirus, respectively). The alteration in viral growth was not due to the HCG itself, but rather to epidermal growth factor, a contaminant of crude HCG. The effect of epidermal growth factor on viral infectivity was shown to be a cell-mediated event requiring protein synthesis.
Medicine as a Social Instrument: Public Health
Authors: Haven Emerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

"TO BUILD a better tabernacle for the soul of man to inhabit." Such was the ambition of Sir George Newman, a notable contributor to the purposes, methods and results of public-health services in Great Britain in the first quarter of the twentieth century. An evangelistic spirit of sorts lies not far below the surface in that interprofessional team that we call a health-department staff. Without the glint of eye, the uplifted chin, and the visionary's words and acts, man's redemption of man — as Dr. Osler presented it in his lay sermon to the students of the University of Edinburgh . . .
Basophil and eosinophil accumulation and mast cell degranulation in the nasal mucosa of patients with hay fever after local allergen provocation
Authors: Alex KleinJan, Alan R. McEuen, Mariska D. Dijkstra, Mark G. Buckley, Andrew F. Walls, Wytske J. Fokkens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
A Consumer's Guide to Subgroup Analyses
Authors: Andrew D. Oxman, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The extent to which a clinician should believe and act on the results of subgroup analyses of data from randomized trials or meta-analyses is controversial. Guidelines are provided in this paper for making these decisions. The strength of inference regarding a proposed difference in treatment effect among subgroups is dependent on the magnitude of the difference, the statistical significance of the difference, whether the hypothesis preceded or followed the analysis, whether the subgroup analysis was one of a small number of hypotheses tested, whether the difference was suggested by comparisons within or between studies, the consistency of the difference, and the existence of indirect evidence that supports the difference. Application of these guidelines will assist clinicians in making decisions regarding whether to base a treatment decision on overall results or on the results of a subgroup analysis.
X-RAY EXAMINATION IN RELATION TO SOME ASPECTS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: J. H. Mather
Journal: BMJ (1924)

PHTHISIS. [DI JOURNA 615 likely to remain permanently negative.The authorities of many hospitals did not favour the idea of paying blood donors when it was brought up for discussion, and other arrangements had to be made.With regard to technique, he thought that the method of using citrated blood gave tho most certain results in general use.The chief recent advaince was the process of immuno-transfusion, introduced by Sir Almroth Wright and his co-workers, in which defibrinated blood was used.The efficacy of this method for patients suffering from severe infections wvas still sub judice.Other methods, such as the Kimpton-Brown tube or multiple syringes, were used with success by some operators, but these were less suitable for general use than citrated blood, which gave perfectly satisfactory results in all surgical cases.No further advances of importance had yet been recorded.
Gallium Scanning in Tuberculous Pericarditis
Authors: DAVID HAASE, THOMAS J. MARRIE, ROBERT MARTIN, ORMILLE HAYNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

HAASE, DAVID M.D.*; MARRIE, THOMAS J. M.D.*; MARTIN, ROBERT M.D.†; HAYNE, ORMILLE M.D.* Author Information
Cancer surgeon who faces litigation and misconduct allegations is found to lack mental capacity
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Ian Paterson, the breast surgeon facing a police investigation, misconduct allegations by the General Medical Council, and hundreds of clinical negligence claims,1 2 now lacks the mental capacity to instruct his lawyers, the High Court has been told.

Paterson, who carried out hundreds of unauthorised “cleavage sparing” mastectomies, has been assessed by a psychiatrist as mentally unable to take part in litigation. The …
SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF LEUKOCYTIC PYROGENS
Authors: Donald L. Bornstein, James W. Woods
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes of the dog, cat, and goat release leukocytic pyrogen under the same conditions as the heterophile polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the rabbit. The characteristics of the febrile response to an intravenous injection of homologous leukocytic pyrogen in all four species are very similar: a brisk monophasic fever reaching a peak between 30 and 50 min with smooth defervescence to the baseline by 3 hr. Shivering, which is not obvious in the rabbit, is noted in the dog, cat, and goat during the first 30 min. Quantitative differences in response reveal the cat to be the most sensitive of of these species to homologous leukocytic pyrogen, followed by the rabbit, dog, and goat. The response to heterologous pyrogen is in most cases markedly diminished compared to that after equal doses of homologous protein, suggesting the operation of species specificity, although canine and feline pyrogen behaved very similarly in all tests. Species specificity of leukocytic pyrogen is probably related to amino acid substitutions in different species of a common mammalian protein effector molecule.
Autocrine Secretion and Malignant Transformation of Cells
Authors: Michael B. Sporn, George J. Todaro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The growth of normal cells is largely controlled by the interplay between several polypeptide hormones and hormone-like growth factors that are present in tissue fluids.1 Many new polypeptide growth factors have recently been identified in blood, serum, tissue fluids, and cellular extracts.2 ,23 Malignant cells, however, are not subject to all the same growth controls as are normal cells. In general, malignant cells require less of these exogenous growth factors than do their normal counterparts for optimal growth and multiplication, and it has been suggested that "transformed or malignant cells escape from normal growth controls by requiring less of [such] hormones . . .
The Appropriateness of Use of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty in New York State
Authors: Lee H. Hilborne
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the appropriateness of use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in New York State. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective randomized medical record. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Fifteen randomly selected hospitals in New York State that provide PTCA. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Random sample of 1306 patients undergoing PTCA in New York State in 1990. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Percentage of patients who underwent PTCA for indications rated appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate. <h3>Results.</h3> —The majority of patients received PTCA for chronic stable angina, unstable angina, and in the post—myocardial infarction period (up to 3 weeks). Fifty-eight percent of PTCAs were rated appropriate; 38%, uncertain; and 4%, inappropriate. The inappropriate rate varied by hospital from 1% to 9% (<i>P</i>=.12); the uncertain rate, from 26% to 50% (<i>P</i>=.02); and the combined inappropriate and uncertain rate, from 29% to 57% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). There was no difference in appropriateness when the institutions were grouped by volume (fewer than 300 procedures annually or at least 300 procedures annually), location (upstate vs downstate), or by teaching status. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Few PTCAs were performed for inappropriate indications in New York State. However, the large number of procedures performed for indications that were rated uncertain as to their net benefit requires further study and justification at both clinical and policy levels. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:761-765)
A150: Control of Cell Proliferation in Lupus Nephritis: The Role of miRNAs and HER2
Authors: Ana Patrícia Costa Reis, Pierre Russo, Stefania Gallucci, Kathleen E. Sullivan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

miRNAS are responsible for post-transcriptional gene silencing and typically regulate multiple targets. Our goal was to study the miRNA pattern of lupus nephritis (LN) in order to better understand its pathogenesis.



Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed on a large single-center cohort of children exposed to anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies on whom prospective data has been collected since 1984. Inclusion criteria were: 1) first child born from a woman positive for anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies with a diagnosis of cutaneous lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, dermatomyositis or rheumatoid arthritis, 2) the mother underwent fetal echocardiography screening during pregnancy and/or the child had a postnatal ECG and 3) the child was ≥6 months old as of October 2013. We used Bayesian analysis for the association between prenatal use of AM and NLE.



Results:

A kidney LN miRNA signature was identified, which, according to Ingenuity pathway analysis, mainly reflected cell proliferation (p = 3.3E-23-0.049). miR-26a, miR-30b and miR-4286 were significantly decreased in LN (p = 0.002; p = 0.005; p = 0.002). The levels of miR-26a and miR-30b were also decreased in the urine of LN patients when compared to controls (p = 0.03; p = 0.02). The genes significantly up-regulated in the knockdowns of miR-26a, miR-30b and miR-4286 when compared to controls were related to mitosis (p = 1.06E-10). These results were validated by qRT-PCR, including the increase on the expression of genes associated with cell cycle (CCNE2, E2F8, MAD2L1, MYBL1 and POLQ).



Based on these results, we examined HER2 expression, a protein that regulates miR-26a and miR-30b levels in breast cancer cell lines. We found that it was highly increased in the glomeruli and tubular compartment of LN patients and not in other mesangioproliferative diseases. Moreover, the average of HER2+ cells in the glomeruli of NZM2410 mice was higher than in B6 or Balb/c mice (p < 0.0001; p = 0.009) and it was associated with proteinuria (p = 0.001). Finally, HER2 expression was increased in mesangial cells by α Ninterferon exposure (p = 0.02) and IRF-1 transfection (p = 0.0009).



Conclusion:

The kidneys of LN patients have a miRNA pattern characterized by a significant decrease of miR-26a, miR-30b and miR-4286, which is predicted to be associated with increased proliferation. In addition, miR-26a and miR-30b are also decreased in the urine of LN patients, which makes them interesting candidates as biomarkers. It was previously shown that trastuzumab, an antibody against HER2, produces therapeutic actions by up-regulating miR-26a and miR-30b in breast cancer cell lines. Since we demonstrated that HER2 was highly increased in the kidneys of LN patients and NZM2410 mice, blocking HER2 may be a new promising pathway to decrease cell proliferation and damage in this disease.
The value of a new marker, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC)
Authors: L. Kavallierou, P. Tsiodra, A. Efstratopoulos, M. Meikopoulos, Ch. Pittaros, A. Antipas, N. Renieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
The Electrocardiogram and Ventricular Gradient in Isolated Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: NICHOLAS DEPASQUALE, G. E. BURCH
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The electrocardiogram and ventricular gradient were studied in 41 patients with isolated congenital pulmonary stenosis. The ventricular gradient was abnormal in 26 of the 41 patients (63 per cent). The Â QRS migrated to the right in the frontal plane and Â T migrated to the left. Following surgical reduction of the stenosis these vectors rotated rapidly toward the normal position. The electrocardiographic pattern in isolated congenital pulmonary stenosis tended to be of 4 types that were generally related to the right ventricular systolic pressure. The electrocardiographic changes associated with this defect, in which the work of the right ventricle was increased because of right ventricular hypertension, were different from those associated with atrial septal defect in which right ventricular work was increased because of high volume output. The duration of the QRS complex was not prolonged in the electrocardiograms of patients with pulmonary stenosis, whereas it was characteristically prolonged in those with atrial septal defect.
The Pituitary Incidentaloma Beyond the First Year of Follow-up-Reply
Authors: Martin Reincke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Frohman, Kupersmith, and Warren provide important additional information on the conservative approach to patients with incidentally discovered small pituitary tumors. They describe several patients with lesions less than 1 cm in diameter and no increase in tumor size during the first year of follow-up who experienced later tumor enlargement and compression of the optic nerve. Although we did not observe a similar case in a total of 30 patients with incidentalomas treated conservatively (14 patients in our initial series, 16 additional patients studied since 1988), unexpected late tumor growth certainly may occur in a small percentage of these patients. However, our preliminary results demonstrate that the great majority of incidentalomas remain asymptomatic and stable during follow-up. Nevertheless, close surveillance seems to be necessary for more than a year. Since yearly magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scans should be avoided, we recommend clinical follow-up studies (for
Chemical suppression of steroidogenesis.
Authors: H D Colby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A large number of chemicals are known to interfere with steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex and other tissues. Many xenobiotics inhibit steroid hormone production as a result of interactions with cytochrome P-450-containing hydroxylases in adrenal mitochondria or microsomes. For example, metyrapone, a compound used clinically in the evaluation of pituitary-adrenocortical function, binds to various cytochromes P-450 in the adrenal, preventing the interactions of steroid substrates with the enzymes and inhibiting steroidogenesis. The mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone, and its major circulating metabolite, canrenone, also competitively interact with adrenal steroid hydroxylases. In addition, spironolactone is converted by adrenal microsomes to an unknown metabolite which promotes the destruction of cytochromes P-450, decreasing the activities of steroid hydroxylases. Carbon tetrachloride is similarly "activated" by adrenal microsomal mixed function oxidases resulting in a decline in steroidogenic enzyme activity. Carbon tetrachloride (in the presence of NADPH) initiates lipid peroxidation in adrenal microsomes but its toxic effects on steroid hydroxylases are fully demonstrable when lipid peroxidation is inhibited by EDTA. A number of heavy metals, including cadmium, also inhibit adrenal steroid hydroxylases. When incubated with adrenal microsomes, cadmium does not affect cytochrome P-450 levels but decreases basal and substrate stimulated NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity. Although inhibitory effects of many chemicals on steroidogenesis have been described, the toxicological significance as well as definitive mechanisms of action have in most cases yet to be determined.
Mechanisms of apoptosis sensitivity and resistance to the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marina Konopleva, Rooha Contractor, Twee Tsao, Ismael Samudio, Peter P. Ruvolo, Shinichi Kitada, Xingming Deng, Dayong Zhai, Yue-Xi Shi, Thomas Sneed, Monique Verhaegen, Maria Soengas, Vivian R. Ruvolo, Teresa McQueen, Wendy D. Schober, Julie C. Watt, Tilahun Jiffar, Xiaoyang Ling, Frank C. Marini, David Harris, Martin Dietrich, Zeev Estrov, James McCubrey, W. Stratford May, John C. Reed, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
The Physiologic Basis of Diuretic Synergism: Its Role in Treating Diuretic Resistance
Authors: David H. Ellison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Diuretic drugs usually improve edema when used judiciously. Some patients, however, become resistant to their effects. Diuretic resistance may result from dietary indiscretion, poor compliance, impaired bioavailability, imparied diuretic secretion into the lumen of the renal tubule, or because other drugs interfere with diuretic activity. When easily treatable causes of diuretic resistance have been excluded, resistance often reflects the intensity of the stimuli to sodium retention. Recent experimental work has indicated ways in which the kidney adapts to chronic diuretic treatment and has indicated how these adaptations may limit diuretic effectiveness. First, nephron segments downstream from the site of diuretic action increase sodium-chloride (NaCl) reabsorption because the delivered NaCl load increases. Second, diuretic-induced contraction of the extracellular fluid volume stimulates kidney tubules to retain NaCl until the next dose of diuretic is administered. Third, kidney tubules themselves may become hypertrophic because they are chronically stimulated by diuretic-induced increases in NaCl delivery. These adaptations all increase the rate of NaCl reabsorption and blunt the effectiveness of diuretic therapy. When diuretic resistance is present, using a second diuretic drug that acts in a different nephron segment is often effective. Recent experimental results suggest that a second class of drug may act synergistically with the first by blocking the adaptive processes that limit diuretic effectiveness. On the basis of an understanding of the mechanisms of diuretic adaptation and resistance, treatment regimens can be designed to block specific adaptive mechanisms and to improve diuretic therapy.
Cancer survival in Spain: estimate for nine major cancers
Authors: M.D. Chirlaque, D. Salmerón, E. Ardanaz, J. Galceran, R. Martínez, R. Marcos-Gragera, M.J. Sánchez, A. Mateos, A. Torrella, R. Capocaccia, C. Navarro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Congenital Methemoglobinemia with a Deficiency of Cytochrome B5
Authors: Emanuel Hegesh, Julius Hegesh, Avinoam Kaftory
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

IT is generally accepted that red cells possess enzymatic reducing mechanisms that maintain hemoglobin in its active state.1 , 2 It is also well established that the reduction is dependent on the regeneration of reduced pyridine nucleotides.3 4 5 Treating red cells with nitrite and incubating them with glucose, lactate, or other substrates that allow the production of reduced pyridine nucleotides promotes methemoglobin reduction.1 , 2 , 6 , 7 Under normal conditions, NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) accounts for most of the methemoglobin-reducing capacity of the erythrocyte.2 , 8 9 10 11 An NADH dehydrogenase — variously named methemoglobin reductase or cytochrome b5 reductase — has been proved to be a component of the . . .
Word versus task representation in neural networks
Authors: Thomas Elbert, Christian Dobell, Alessandro Angrilli, Luciano Stegagno, Brigitte Rockstroh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The Hebbian view of word representation is challenged by findings of task (level of processing)-dependent, event-related potential patterns that do not support the notion of a fixed set of neurons representing a given word. With cross-language phonological reliability encoding more asymmetrical left hemisphere activity is evoked than with word comprehension. This suggests a dynamical view of the brain as a self-organizing, connectivity-adjusting system.
USE OF WHITMAN SPICA
Authors: Walter I. Galland
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It was not my purpose to belittle the importance or the wide applicability of the Whitman spica, which I have used and which I feel I know how to apply. However, I do not think that the absolute comfort and safety of the elderly patient in the high spica is a universally accepted fact; for I have observed that many physicians have difficulty in completely safe-guarding such patients against the immobilizing effects of the high spica on the thorax. I have found the method of trimming which I described to be both comfortable and effective, but I do not pretend that it is in any way a radical departure from the precepts of the Whitman method of treatment. I agree with Dr. Kleinberg that my statement that the Whitman spica necessitates the dorsal decubitus is not entirely tenable, as I well know the possibility of turning the
Is feeling pain just mindreading? Our mind-brain constructs realistic knowledge of ourselves
Authors: Bernard J. Baars
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Carruthers claims that “our knowledge of our own attitudes results from turning our mindreading capacities upon ourselves” (target article, Abstract). This may be true in many cases. But like other constructivist claims, it fails to explain occasions when constructed knowledge is accurate , like a well-supported scientific theory. People can know their surrounding world and to some extent themselves. Accurate self-knowledge is firmly established for both somatosensory and social pain.
Re: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Simone Mocellin, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Reporting Oncologic Outcome After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2012;62:382–404
Authors: Stefano C.M. Picozzi, Cristian Ricci, Luca Carmignani
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Transforming growth factor-β1 stimulates the synthesis of basement membrane proteins laminin, collagen type IV and entactin in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Katrin Neubauer, Michaela Krüger, Fabio Quondamatteo, Thomas Knittel, Bernhard Saile, Giuliano Ramadori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)