tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Na+/H+ exchanger is required for hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via calcium-dependent calpain
Authors: S. Wang, Q. Peng, J. Zhang, L. Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Recent studies have reported that the calcium-dependent protease calpain is involved in hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and that the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is responsible for an increase in the intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) concentration in diabetes. We hypothesized that activation of NHE mediates hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via calcium-dependent calpain. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to high glucose (HG, 30 mM d-glucose) time dependently increased both the Ca2+i concentration and calpain activity. Chelation of free Ca2+i with 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N, N, N′,N′-tetraacetic acid abolished the HG-increased calpain activity. In addition, HG activated NHE in a time-dependent manner, but cariporide, an NHE inhibitor, blocked the HG-induced increase in NHE activity. Furthermore, cariporide or NHE siRNA (small interfering ribonucleic acid) attenuated the HG-induced increases of both Ca2+i concentration and calpain activity. All of these HG-induced effects in HUVECs, including decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO (nitric oxide) production and increased dissociation of heat shock protein (hsp90) from eNOS, were NHE or calpain reversible. In vivo experiments showed that cariporide treatment via inhibition of NHE activity significantly attenuated the hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats. Activation of NHE via calcium-dependent calpain contributes to hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction through dissociation of hsp90 from eNOS.
The Chemosis of Trichinosis
Authors: Leonardo M Astudillo, Philippe M Arlet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a fever (temperature, 40°C), myalgia, and headache. He did not have diarrhea. On examination, he had bilateral proptosis with chemosis (Panel A) and eyelid edema. He had no trismus or subungual splinter hemorrhages. The white-cell count was 17,500 per cubic millimeter, and the differential count included 14 percent eosinophils (2450 per cubic millimeter). The serum creatine kinase level was 651 U per liter (normal range, less than 170 U per liter). An initial serologic test for trichinosis with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was negative (value, 0.09; a . . .
Endoscopic Dilation of the Cystic Duct
Authors: P. Spinelli, E. Meroni
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

In a case of gallbladder and common bile duct lithiasis, the selective cannulation of the cystic duct and gallbladder by a balloon catheter after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy fulfilled both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A choledochal stone was retrieved with the Dormia basket. The endoscopic dilation of the cystic duct by the balloon permitted spontaneous elimination of all the gallbladder stones.
ON THE STUDY OF THE BLOOD.
Authors: A. E. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The present tendency in the study of the blood is one directed by almost boundless enthusiasm. The diagnostic success of blood examinations for the protozoa of malaria, the differentiation of diseases with leucocytosis from those without it, the separation of the essential anemiæ, the serum diagnosis of typhoid fever and the frequent positive results of blood cultures, have been of such striking practical and pathologic importance that confidence in the results of blood study is wide-spread and profound. Now, therefore, is the proper time for care and caution. It is clear that many of our present methods are inadequate and that their results are being accepted for more than their real value. For the further successful study of the blood not only must it be studied in its widest biologic relations, but the methods and technique must be greatly enlarged and made more accurate and likewise more simple. At the
Personalized participatory medicine: sharing knowledge and uncertainty
Authors: David Gurwitz, Jeantine E Lunshof
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

Informing patients about risks and benefits of alternative treatment options and choosing between them is becoming a bigger challenge as knowledge about the relationship between the individual's genetic profile and the efficacy and safety of available medications accumulates. Putting personalized medicine into practice requires new modes of information sharing and decision making by patient and physician. This is illustrated by a case study on treatment choices of breast cancer patients following genotyping for CYP2D6, recently published in Genome Medicine. See research article: http://genomemedicine.com/content/3/10/64
Mutant GABAA receptor γ2-subunit in childhood absence epilepsy and febrile seizures
Authors: Robyn H. Wallace, Carla Marini, Steven Petrou, Louise A. Harkin, David N. Bowser, Rekha G. Panchal, David A. Williams, Grant R. Sutherland, John C. Mulley, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel F. Berkovic
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients (Age 75 and Older) with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Antoine Italiano, Cécile Ortholan, Stéphane Oudard, Damien Pouessel, Gwenaëlle Gravis, Philippe Beuzeboc, Emmanuelle Bompas, Aude Fléchon, Florence Joly, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Karim Fizazi
Journal: European Urology (2008)
The genesis of the third and fourth heart sounds. A pressure-flow study in dogs.
Authors: F Van de Werf, J Minten, P Carmeliet, H De Geest, H Kesteloot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To examine the mechanism of mitral flow deceleration in diastole and its potential influence on the genesis of third (S3) and fourth (S4) heart sounds, we simultaneously recorded left atrial and left ventricular pressures (micromanometers), mitral flow velocity (electromagnetic catheter-tip flow velocity meter), and internal and external phonocardiograms in 25 open-chest dogs. Diastolic time intervals, transmitral pressure gradients (planimetry), maximum mitral flow velocity, and acceleration and deceleration of flow were measured under different loading conditions. It was found that deceleration of mitral flow in early and late diastole is always caused by a negative transmitral pressure gradient. After volume loading, diastolic pressures, positive (forward) and negative (backward) transmitral pressure gradients, and acceleration and deceleration of flow increased, and an S3 or S4 appeared (20:25 dogs). These sounds occurred during the phase of flow deceleration and could be recorded from the chest wall, inside the left ventricle, and directly from the epicardial surface of the freely exposed left ventricular wall. After balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava (17:25 dogs), the opposite changes were observed and gallop sounds disappeared. The results indicate that the left ventricular pressure rise in response to filling reverses the transmitral pressure gradient and decelerates flow. Deceleration of inflow by the left ventricular wall in early and late diastole may represent a key mechanism in the genesis of S3 and S4.
British GPs dissatisfied with amendments to primary care bill
Authors: J. Warden, L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The UK health secretary has agreed that private companies will not be able to apply to operate pilot schemes or to contract with health authorities to provide general medical services. However, GPs are dissatisfied with the amendment which the government has proposed to the NHS (Primary Care) Bill.

The BMA had been concerned that proposals in the bill would lead to the commercialisation of general practice …
New clinics for HIV testing. New clinics offer choice.
Authors: C J Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1993)

does not seem to warrant interferon being withheld if active hepatitis C has been diagnosed.Even if chronic hepatitis C is responsible for precipitating autoimmune liver injury-which remains to be shown-treatment of the primary disease may improve both, as in a recent report of successful treatment with interferon of membranous glomerulonephritis associated with chronic hepatitis C.5Liver biopsy may be helpful in determining whether autoimmune disease or hepatitis C predominates in individual patients with markers of both.When diagnostic doubt persists despite serological examination and biopsy we agree with the authors of the editorial that steroids are a reasonable first choice.Given the possibility of lasting eradication of hepatitis C virus and prevention of the long term sequelae of chronic hepatitis C, however, we think that patients with a firm diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C should generally receive interferon first and be closely observed in the early stages of treatment.
EGFP–EGF1-conjugated nanoparticles for targeting both neovascular and glioma cells in therapy of brain glioma
Authors: Bo Zhang, Huafang Wang, Ziwei Liao, Yu Wang, Yue Hu, Jiarong Yang, Shun Shen, Jun Chen, Heng Mei, Wei Shi, Yu Hu, Zhiqing Pang, Xinguo Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Relation between the preexistent coronary collateral circulation and recanalization rate of intracoronary thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Etsuro Araie, Masatoshi Fujita, Michiaki Ejiri, Tadakazu Hirai, Takashi Nozawa, Kunihisa Miwa, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Fibrin thrombi, a cause of clindamycin-associated colitis?
Authors: W V Bogomoletz
Journal: Gut (1976)

Rectal biopsies from five patients with clindamycin-associated colitis were studied with the intention of identifying fibrin thrombi in capillaries. Capillary thrombosis was present in all five cases, three with pseudomembranous colitis and two with non-specific colitis. The significance of capillary thrombosis and its relationship to other ischaemic lesions of the gut are discussed.
Antigen-binding T cells as helper cells. Separation of helper cells by immune rosette formation.
Authors: S Kontiainen, L C Andersson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The spleen T cells from mice immunized 6 days earlier with either chicken gamma globulin (CGG) or with donkey erythrocytes (DRC) were rosetted with CGG-coated sheep erythrocytes or with DRC. The immune rosettes (RFC) (antigen-binding cells) were separated from the bulk of nonrosette-forming cells (non-RFC) by 1-g velocity sedimentation and the RFC and non-RFC tested for helper activity in cooperative antihapten responses in vitro. RFC or non-RFC were mixed with normal or hapten-primed spleen cells, challenged with the appropriate hapten-carrier conjugate and cultured for 4 days in Marbrook tissue cultures. The helping activity was quantitated from the numbers of antihapten antibody-producing cells generated per culture. The results show that specific helper cell activity could be selectively recovered in the immune rosette-forming cell population whereas the non-RFC population was depleted of help. These findings indicate that the helper T cells express specific antigen binding receptors.
Shame, violence, and perpetrators' voices
Authors: Nancy Nyquist Potter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Fostering shame in societies may not curb violence, because shame is alienating. The person experiencing shame may not care enough about others to curb violent instincts. Furthermore, men may be less shame-prone than are women. Finally, if shame is too prevalent in a society, perpetrators may be reluctant to talk about their actions and motives, if indeed they know their own motives. We may be unable accurately to discover how perpetrators think about their own violence.
IOM Offers New Guidance in Crisis Care
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2009)

ditionally, the report calls upon the US Congress to revamp the regulation of dietary supplements. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, such supplements are currently regulated as foods, not drugs, and are also not required to demonstrate their safety or efficacy to the FDA. As a result of this classification, there are varying degrees of quality control among supplements and little incentive for manufacturers to research their products. Recently, the FDA has identified and taken action against dozens of supplements that contained undeclared pharmaceuticals or illegal steroids or that had been associated with serious adverse events. For example, the agency warned consumers in June not to use Hydroxycut dietary supplements after reports surfaced of users developing liver damage, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular problems, including myocardial infarction (http://www.fda.gov /ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates /ucm152152.htm). But whether such problems might extend to homeopathic products, which are not classified as supplements but also escape premarket safety and efficacy testing, are unclear. “I don’t know how often homeopathic remedies per se are dangerous, but we’ve seen in the last few months a few examples where dietary supplements had compounds in them that were of substantial concern,” said NCCAM’s Briggs. Briggs urged physicians to ask their patients whether they are using any complementary or alternative therapies and patients to discuss such use with their physicians. Strom said he advises his patients that “at best,” homeopathic products may be placebos, but in some cases they may not be so benign. For consumers, the message remains “buyer beware.” “Consumers purchasing homeopathic products should be aware that they have not been reviewed by the FDA or approved by the agency as safe or effective,” Rice said.
Stress and the Hormonal Regulation of the Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Roland Gisler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Exposure of mice to different types of acute stress (acceleration, ether anesthesia, restraint, overcrowding) or injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone resulted in an increase of plasma corticosteroid levels. This was associated with a decreased immune reactivity of their spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, after repeated exposure to ether stress, no immunosuppression was observed. Pretreatment of cell donors with diazepam prior to acute stress antagonized the immunosuppressive effect of restraint but was ineffective against the consequences of ether anesthesia. On the other hand, desipramine did not interfere with either type of stress response. Unresponsive spleen cell cultures could be reactivated by adding macrophages and B cells from normal mice. Addition of macrophages, B or T cells alone, or combinations of T cells with macrophages or B cells, had no restorative effect. Restraint stress significantly increased the homing of 51Cr-labeled lymph node cells from normal nu/+ mice (B and T cells) to spleen and bone marrow. In contrast, homing of nu/nu lymph node cells (B cells) to lymph nodes and spleen was decreased in stressed recipients, and an increased proportion of cells was found in the liver. Hypophysectomy of cell donors resulted in a persistent depression of immune responsiveness, which was restored by treatment with somatotropic hormone (STH). STH presumably accelerates recovery from stress-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, exogenous STH interfered with the effect of increased endogenous corticosterone.
Genetics and Laws Prohibiting Marriage in the United States
Authors: Michael G. Farrow
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Laws prohibiting marriage in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and two territories have been classified as those inclusive for categories of lineal and collateral relatives, and those specific for lineal, collateral, and affinous relatives. A person may not marry a parent, grandparent, child, or grandchild except in Georgia, where a man is not prohibited from marrying his daughter or grandmother. While all political units prohibit marriage between a person and a sibling, an aunt, or an uncle, their prohibitions vary considerably for other degrees of collateral relationship. The uncle-niece marriage is not prohibited in Georgia and among Jews in Rhode Island. Generally, marriage between persons with a coefficient of relatedness equivalent to first cousins or closer has been prohibited. Fewer than one half of the political divisions have prohibitions regarding affinous relatives.
Lactoferrin enhances hydroxyl radical production by human neutrophils, neutrophil particulate fractions, and an enzymatic generating system.
Authors: D R Ambruso, R B Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

During phagocytosis, neutrophils take oxygen from the surrounding medium and convert it to superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydroxyl radical (.OH), a particularly potent oxidant, is believed to be produced by interaction between O2- and H2O2 in the presence of iron, according to the Haber-Weiss reactions. Production of .OH by whole human neutrophils, by particulate fractions from human neutrophils disrupted after stimulation, and by a xanthine oxidase system was measured by conversion of alpha-keto-gamma-methiol butyric acid to ethylene. FeCl3 or ferric EDTA enhanced ethylene production in all three systems by 155--406% of base line at a concentration of 50--100 microM. Iron-saturated human milk lactoferrin, 100 nM, increased ethylene generation by 127--296%; and purified human neutrophil lactoferrin, 10 nM, enhanced ethylene production by 167--369%. Thus, iron bound to lactoferrin was approximately 5,000 times more effective in producing an enhancement in ethylene generation than iron derived from FeCl3 or ferric EDTA. O2- and H2O2 were required for ethylene production in the presence of lactoferrin, since superoxide dismutase inhibited ethylene formation in the three systems by 76--97% and catalase inhibited by 76--98%. Ethylene production in the presence of lactoferrin was inhibited by the .OH scavengers mannitol, benzoate, and thiourea by 43--85, 45--94, and 76--96%, respectively. Thus, most of the ethylene production could be attributed to oxidation of alpha-keto-gamma-methiol butyric acid by .OH. The ability of neutrophil lactoferrin to provide iron efficiently to the oxygen radical-generating systems is compatible with a role for lactoferrin as regulator of .OH production. As such, lactoferrin may be an important component in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils.
Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies: The CHARMS Checklist
Authors: Karel G. M. Moons, Joris A. H. de Groot, Walter Bouwmeester, Yvonne Vergouwe, Susan Mallett, Douglas G. Altman, Johannes B. Reitsma, Gary S. Collins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Carl Moons and colleagues provide a checklist and background explanation for critically appraising and extracting data from systematic reviews of prognostic and diagnostic prediction modelling studies. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Dichloroacetate and Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Evlin L. Kinney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1988Dichloroacetate and Lactic AcidosisEvlin L. Kinney, MD, Robert J. Wright, BSEvlin L. Kinney, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Robert J. Wright, BSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-435_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:We read with interest the article by Stacpoole and associates (1) on the dichloroacetate treatment in lactic acidosis. The value of their work might be enhanced if there was a way to predict which patients would respond to the treatment. The authors defined a response to dichloroacetate as a decrease of at least 20% in the arterial lactate concentration within 6 hours of the beginning of the first dichloroacetate infusion. If their retreated patients are ignored for the sake of simplicity, 23 patients responded and 6 did not. The authors used conventional statistics to try to distinguish...References1. Stacpoole P, Lorenz A, Thomas R, and Harman E. Dichloroacetate in the treatment of lactic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:58-63. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gossett K, Cleghorn B, Martin G, and Church G. Correlation between anion gap, blood L lactate concentration and survival in horses. Equine Vet J. 1987;19:29-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Evlin L. Kinney, MD; Robert J. Wright, BSAffiliations: The Reed Institute Miami, FL 33140-0603 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1988Volume 109, Issue 5Page: 435-435KeywordsAttentionLactatesLactic acidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Panel Members' Financial Associations with Industry: A Pernicious Problem Persists
Authors: Lisa Cosgrove, Sheldon Krimsky
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Lisa Cosgrove and Sheldon Krimsky examine the new competing interest disclosure policy of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and report that DSM panel members still have considerable financial conflicts of interest.
DRAINAGE OF THE THORACIC DUCT IN EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS
Authors: Bernhard Steinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. When care is taken to produce a peritonitis, which in itself is almost uniformly fatal, drainage of the thoracic duct in dogs has no favorable influence upon the course or result of the peritonitis. 2. Under the conditions of my experiments the thoracic duct did not serve in any important way as a drainage tract for bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity.
Association between the Igk and Igh immunoglobulin loci mediated by the 3′ Igk enhancer induces 'decontraction' of the Igh locus in pre–B cells
Authors: Susannah L Hewitt, Deborah Farmer, Katarzyna Marszalek, Emily Cadera, Hong-Erh Liang, Yang Xu, Mark S Schlissel, Jane A Skok
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda with chloroquine
Authors: V. KORDAĆ, M. SEMRÁDOVÁ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Twenty men and one woman with porphyria cutanea tarda were treated with oral chloroquine, 125 mg twice weekly. In nineteen of the patients chloroquine was taken for 8–5 months on average before complete clinical and biochemical remission occurred. Initially, treatment led to a considerable increase in urinary uroporphyrin and a mild increase in serum transaminases, but no adverse clinical reactions were observed. As the mechanism of chloroquine action in porphyria cutanea tarda has not yet been clarified, special caution must be observed when it is used therapeutically.
Mentoring Program Supports New Generation of HIV Researchers
Authors: Richard Trubo
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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