tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Humoral immune responses to T cell tropic retrovirus simian T lymphotropic virus type III in monkeys with experimentally induced acquired immune deficiency-like syndrome.
Authors: M Kannagi, M Kiyotaki, R C Desrosiers, K A Reimann, N W King, L M Waldron, N L Letvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The T cell tropic retrovirus of macaque monkeys simian T lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) has morphologic, growth, and antigenic properties indicating that it is related to human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans. STLV-III has recently been shown to induce an AIDS-like disease in macaque monkeys. In this study the humoral immune responses of six experimentally infected monkeys have been characterized to determine whether certain parameters of the antibody response to the virus might be predictive of the clinical outcome of this infection. Two distinct patterns of antibody responses were found. Four animals that died within 160 d of inoculation developed low titer anti-STLV-III antibody responses that recognized only the viral envelope protein, and progressive declines in total plasma IgG levels and absolute peripheral blood T4 lymphocyte numbers. The two animals that lived longer (one died at 352 d, the other remains alive at 430 d) developed high titer anti-STLV-III antibody responses that recognized both viral envelope and core proteins, increases in total plasma IgG, and a later decrease in number of peripheral blood T4 lymphocytes. Interestingly, the single animal that has remained clinically healthy after infection was the only one to develop detectable STLV-III neutralizing antibodies.
T cell lipid peroxidation induces ferroptosis and prevents immunity to infection
Authors: Mai Matsushita, Stefan Freigang, Christoph Schneider, Marcus Conrad, Georg W. Bornkamm, Manfred Kopf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is a major scavenger of phospholipid hydroperoxides. Although Gpx4 represents a key component of the reactive oxygen species-scavenging network, its relevance in the immune system is yet to be defined. Here, we investigated the importance of Gpx4 for physiological T cell responses by using T cell-specific Gpx4-deficient mice. Our results revealed that, despite normal thymic T cell development, CD8(+) T cells from T(ΔGpx4/ΔGpx4) mice had an intrinsic defect in maintaining homeostatic balance in the periphery. Moreover, both antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells lacking Gpx4 failed to expand and to protect from acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Leishmania major parasite infections, which were rescued with diet supplementation of high dosage of vitamin E. Notably, depletion of the Gpx4 gene in the memory phase of viral infection did not affect T cell recall responses upon secondary infection. Ex vivo, Gpx4-deficient T cells rapidly accumulated membrane lipid peroxides and concomitantly underwent cell death driven by ferroptosis but not necroptosis. These studies unveil an essential role of Gpx4 for T cell immunity.
Abstract 2215: Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of BRAF and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Chinese population
Authors: Kexin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy that frequently harbors a high prevalence of somatic mutations in the oncogenic BRAF gene. As a novel prognostic molecular marker, this gene has drawn much attention in recent years for its potential utility in the risk prognosis and management of PTC. However, the contribution of the germline variants in this gene to PTC remains unclear. The study herein was aimed to investigate the potential association between the inherited BRAF variants and PTC based on a case-control study. Methods: We selected four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and took a systematic step to interrogate whether these SNPs of BRAF are associated with PTC risk by genotyping these SNPs from 368 patients with PTC and 564 healthy controls. Results: In comparison of cases and controls for the four SNPs, no differences were observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies, nor was there evidence of an association between BRAF SNPs and overall risk of PTC. After stratification, however, we found a significantly increased risk of PTC attributed to the SNP variants rs17161747, rs1042179, and rs3748093 for those with a family history of cancer, for smokers, and for both those of age &amp;lt;45 years and nondrinkers, respectively. Further, in the PTC cases, those carrying the rs3748093 variant seemed to be less susceptible to developing lymph node metastases, but more likely to suffer from PTC at an earlier age (&amp;lt; 45 years). Conclusions: These preliminary results may provide evidence for the involvement of the common genetic variants scattered throughout the BRAF oncogene in the prediction of PTC onset and progression. In the future, enlarging the number of samples and performing functional studies in this gene may help to validate whether the association truly exists. Citation Format: Kexin Chen. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of BRAF and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Chinese population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2215. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2215
New advice on switching antiepileptic drugs might be a false economy
Authors: E. Holmes, C. Plumpton, M. Duerden, T. Marson, D. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Advice from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MRHA) on switching between different manufacturers’ products for a particular antiepileptic drug may have unintended consequences.1 2 In a move to allay concerns about the potential loss of seizure control when switching products, the MHRA’s classification of these drugs according to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties may encourage switching—for cost …
Nephrotoxicity From Cephaloridine
Authors: Harry Seneca
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In the article by Drs. Hinman and Wolinsky, Nephrotoxicity Associated With the Use of Cephaloridine (200:724, 1967), the following was reported:Klebsiellawas isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia; and was found to be susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, kanamycin, polymyxin B and cephalothin; but was resistant to ampicillin by the disk method. By the tube dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration for cephaloridine was 25μg/ml.  We consider this level to indicate relative resistance, and accordingly would not use cephaloridine in such a case. The patient had been previously treated with penicillin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin, and then cephaloridine, up to 12 gm intravenously in 24 hours, was used. We do not recommend more than 4 gm daily intravenously. Sodium colistimethate was also administered. Prior to cephaloridine therapy, blood urea nitrogen levels were 13 and 23 mg/100 ml, but with this drug the
Toxicity of interferon.
Authors: G M Scott, D S Secher, D Flowers, J Bate, K Cantell, D A Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The effects of partially purified human leucocyte interferon (PIF) and of a preparation purified by passage twice through a monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography column (NK21F) were compared with those of a control solution in healhty volunteers. After intramuscular injections both interferon preparations caused rises in pulse rate and body temperature, changes in circulating white cell counts, and various unpleasant symptoms, the most common of which were headache, malaise, and fever. Slightly lower doses of NK21F were given, and this was reflected in lower peak serum concentrations. Mean symptom scores, however, were not lower after NK21F than after PIF. Local inflammatory reactions eight hours after intradermal inoculations of these interferons were similar. Purification of interferon using a monoclonal antibody does not reduce the facets of its activity considered in this study. They are therefore inherent in the leucocyte interferon type selected by the antibody.
Pattern of US Tuberculosis Cases Shifting
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Squamous Reepithelialization after Circumferential Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Superficial Carcinoma Arising in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: H. Satodate, H. Inoue, N. Fukami, A. Shiokawa, S.-E. Kudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Recent reports on the results of endoscopic ablation of Barrett's mucosa have been promising, particularly when total mucosal ablation is coupled with aggressive acid-suppression treatment using high-dose proton-pump inhibitor therapy. There is also a considerable literature on reepithelialization after ablative treatments in Barrett's esophagus. This report describes a case of multifocal superficial adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's mucosa that was successfully treated with total circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection, with a subsequent follow-up of more than 2 years. This is the first report describing the process of squamous reepithelialization after endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett's esophagus.
Influence of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction on pulmonary venous flow in patients with atrial arrhythmias: A doppler TEE study of 110 patients
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Marcelo Carmeiro, R.Daniel Murray, Kristopher L. Arheart, Linda Pape, Diego Sadler, Richard A. Grimm, William J. Stewart, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Current Application of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Jeroen Hermanides, Moshe Phillip, J. Hans DeVries
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The ultimate goal of diabetes technology is to create an artificial pancreas, or closed-loop system. In the early 1970s, the first prototypes became available (1). Although recent advances are promising, the closed-loop system is currently confined to the clinical research center (2). The continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump became commercially available in the 1980s, and it is now a common and accepted way of providing insulin (3,4). The emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) followed in the 1990s, with the first reports on CGM by microdialysis in 1992 (5,6). Retrospective needle-type CGM systems were introduced just before the turn of the century (7–10). Currently, there are four subcutaneous CGM systems on the market that have real-time glucose values on display every 1–5 min and feature an alarm function for hypo- and hyperglycemia: the Freestyle Navigator (Abbot Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA), the Guardian Real-Time (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA), the Dexcom SEVEN (Dexcom, San Diego, CA), and the GlucoDay (Menarini Diagnostics). The first three are needle-type CGMs and the latter is a microdialysis-type sensor. All of these measure glucose via the glucose-oxidase reaction. In this article, we will discuss the pros and cons of the current application of CGM in the treatment of diabetes.

From the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, we learned that lowering HbA1c reduces morbidity and mortality (11,12) and that tight glycemic control is associated with an increased rate of severe hypoglycemic episodes. We therefore should judge the pros of CGM by its HbA1c-lowering potency and its influence on severe hypoglycemia rates. Table 1 summarizes all intervention trials that have been performed with real-time CGM regarding HbA1c and the incidence of severe hypoglycemia.

View this table:

Table 1 
CGM trials in type 1 diabetes



The …
Static Elastic Properties of the Left Coronary Circumflex Artery and the Common Carotid Artery in Dogs
Authors: DALI J. PATEL, JOSEPH S. JANICKI
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Static elastic properties were studied in isolated segments of the left coronary circumflex artery (LCCA) and the right common carotid artery (CA) from 14 dogs at in-vivo values of pressure and length. A microscope with a Filar micrometer was used to measure radius and length. From these data it was possible to study the pressure-radius relationship and compute various anisotropic elastic moduli as well as the strain energy density (SED). Results indicate: (1) Both arteries exhibited hysteresis which could be minimized within two inflation-deflation cycles. (2) The pressure-radius relationship at constant length was essentially linear over a pressure range corresponding to the in-vivo pulse pressure. (3) The value of volume distensibility was 3.4 x 10 -6 cm 2 /dyne for LCCA and 1.5 x 10 -6 cm 2 /dyne for CA. (4) LCCA was more distensible than CA in the circumferential direction. (5) LCCA was stiffer in the longitudinal direction than in the circumferential direction; the reverse was true of CA. (6) SED values at physiologic dimensions were 314 x 10 3 dyne/cm 2 for LCCA and 226 x 10 3 dyne/cm 2 for CA. These values could be reproduced within 6% when the loading procedure was altered.
TIM-4 is the ligand for TIM-1, and the TIM-1–TIM-4 interaction regulates T cell proliferation
Authors: Jennifer Hartt Meyers, Sumone Chakravarti, David Schlesinger, Zsolt Illes, Hanspeter Waldner, Sarah E Umetsu, James Kenny, Xin Xiao Zheng, Dale T Umetsu, Rosemarie H DeKruyff, Terry B Strom, Vijay K Kuchroo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
TOXIC EFFECTS OF PHENYTOIN SODIUM
Authors: Milton Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  The article on the toxic effects of phenytoin sodium by Drs. Isidore Finkelman and A. J. Arieff, which appeared inThe Journal, April 4, had been read before the Chicago Neurological Society at its October 1941 meeting. I had the privilege of discussing the paper at that time and I should like to take this opportunity of referring to some of the points included in that discussion.  Most physicians who have had experience with phenytoin sodium are well aware of its toxic properties, but it would seem, to me at least, that the toxic symptoms which may result from it are not as frequent or as severe as the authors have indicated. Merritt described mild toxic symptoms as having occurred in about 15 per cent of his patients and more severe toxic symptoms in 5 per cent. The usual toxic signs and symptoms encountered are ataxia, dizziness,
Topical calcipotriene has no short-term effect on calcium and bone metabolism of patients with psoriasis
Authors: Cynthia Guzzo, Gerald Lazarus, Bernard S Goffe, H.Irving Katz, Nicholas J Lowe, Stephanie H Pincus
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

Background: The biologically active form of vitamin D3, calcitriol, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis but can alter calcium metabolism.Calcipotriene is an analog of calcitriol that has low calcemic activity and aids in cleating psoriasis.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of topical therapy with calcipotriene particularly in relation to calcium and bone metabolism.Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel, vehicle-controlled trial, 78 adults with plaque psoriasis were treated twice daily with topical calcipotriene ointment (50 ~tg/gm, maximum usage, 120 gm per week) or vehicle for 8 weeks.After a screening visit, patients were admitted to the hospital at weeks 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 4, and 8. Blood and urine chemistry analysis included parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and 24 hour urinary calcium excretion.Bone densitometry measures were performed at baseline and week 8. Results:No incidences of calcipotriene treatment-related hypercalcemia, calcium mobilization from bone, or clinically significant changes in bone density were noted during this study.Conclusion: Topical application of up to 120 gm per week of calcipoWiene ointment for 8 weeks is safe and effective for plaque psoriasis.There were no adverse effects on calcium and bone metabolism during this 8-week study.
Redesigning health care
Authors: P. Meadows, J. Cave, I. B Craighead
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—The BMJ seems to have become an organ of government spin. There is little evidence to justify giving space to Smith's editorial on redesigning health care.1 The editorial starts by drawing an analogy with “just in time” manufacturing methods. The closest general practice would come to this is by having open access to investigations and ready access to early outpatient appointments. I am sure that hospital colleagues would love to be in a position to offer this. There is no evidence I am aware of suggesting that delays in primary care are an appreciable factor in treatment time when patients are referred to secondary services.

Smith points out that in the United States “some practices” taking part in the “idealised design” project increased the proportion of their diabetic patients who had their glycated haemoglobin measured from 47% to 80%. It is laughable to suggest that we need to redesign general practice on such evidence. In my practice, which I am sure is not exceptional, 75% of diabetic patients have had glycated haemoglobin checked in the past year. As the initial figure from the United States was only 47%, the redesign suggested should be to base the system in the United States on general practice in the United Kingdom.

There is no over-riding case for speeding up appointments in general practice. The American experience of waiting times for general practice appointments may not be readily transferable to the United Kingdom. Seven English practices doesn't seem a firm foundation to justify redesigning appointments. Prebooked appointments can be more convenient for many patients and do not just represent a backlog of work. The suggestion of Mark Murray from the American project—that we should match capacity to demand and try to do more in each consultation1—was probably closer to the reason why any system would cope with more work.

Other measures to reduce visits to general practitioners included using the telephone. This is probably not a new idea to many general practitioners in the United Kingdom: many are likely to be doing this already. The availability of appointments on the day is not likely to reduce overall demand on general practitioners: in my practice patients have not turned up for appointments booked as urgent on the same day.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 is an inducer of erythroid differentiation.
Authors: G Krystal, V Lam, W Dragowska, C Takahashi, J Appel, A Gontier, A Jenkins, H Lam, L Quon, P Lansdorp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Normal human bone marrow cells, highly enriched for burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), were cultured in serum-free medium, in the presence and absence of various factors, to investigate the mechanisms involved in regulating erythroid differentiation. In cultures containing interleukin 3 (IL-3), Steel factor (SF), and erythropoietin (Ep), benzidine-positive erythroblasts first became detectable on day 6. Their numbers then rapidly increased until, by day 16, &amp;gt; 99% of the cells, which were 20,000-fold amplified over input numbers, were benzidine-positive. It is interesting to note that omission of either SF or Ep from this assay markedly enhanced the rate of differentiation and reduced total cell numbers, whereas omission of IL-3 had no effect on the rate of differentiation and only slightly reduced cell numbers. Of various agents tested, the most potent erythroid differentiation inducer (and inhibitor of cell proliferation) was found to be transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). This cytokine stimulated both the rapid appearance of hemoglobin-positive cells and an early cessation of cell proliferation. Using fluorescently tagged antibodies to glycophorin A and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, this phenomenon was shown to be due to an early induction of erythroid differentiation rather than an aberrant production of hemoglobin. Methylcellulose assays indicated that the well-documented reduction of BFU-E colony numbers observed with TGF-beta 1 may actually be due to a TGF-beta 1-induced "conversion" of BFU-E into colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E). Thus, in vivo, TGF-beta 1 might serve, in part, to decrease the number of mature erythrocytes by stimulating BFU-E to skip a number of cell divisions and differentiate early.
New Methods for ALK Status Diagnosis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Improved ALK Immunohistochemical Assay and a New, Brightfield, Dual ALK IHC–In Situ Hybridization Assay
Authors: Hiroaki Nitta, Koji Tsuta, Akihiko Yoshida, Steffan N. Ho, Brian D. Kelly, Lauren B. Murata, Jerry Kosmeder, Katie White, Sandra Ehser, Penny Towne, Crystal Schemp, Abigail McElhinny, Jim Ranger-Moore, Chris Bieniarz, Shalini Singh, Hitoshi Tsuda, Thomas M. Grogan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Who should be the next head of the WHO?
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

After 10 years under the director generalship of Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, the World Health Organisation is to have a new leader. For the first time in the organisation's 50 year history there are more than four nominees for the post and also a strong chance that the new director general will come from outside the organisation. Both these firsts reflect more openness in the selection procedure and could presage a change in the WHO's fortunes. On p 11 five of the seven nominees answer questions about the WHO's future, and on the BMJ 's website we invite you to cast your vote in advance of the decision by the WHO's executive board on 27 January (http://www.bmj.com/).

So what sort of organisation will the successful nominee take on, and what attributes should he …