tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AAV8-mediated Gene Transfer of Interleukin-4 to Endogenous β-Cells Prevents the Onset of Diabetes in NOD Mice
Authors: Khaja K Rehman, Massimo Trucco, Zhong Wang, Xiao Xiao, Paul D Robbins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

We have demonstrated the ability to deliver and express genes specifically in beta-cells for at least 6 months, using a murine insulin promoter (mIP) in a double-stranded, self-complementary AAV vector (dsAAV8-mIP). In this study, we evaluated the effects of dsAAV8-mIP-mediated delivery of interleukin 4 (mIL-4) to endogenous beta-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. In 4-week-old NOD mice, the extent of gene transfer and expression in endogenous beta-cells after ip delivery of dsAAV8-mIP-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was comparable to normal BALB/C mice. Further, after IP delivery of dsAAV8-mIP-IL4, expression of mIL-4 was detected in islets isolated from the treated mice and cultured. AAV8-mIP-mediated gene expression of mIL-4 in endogenous beta- cells of 4- and 8-week-old NOD mice prevented the onset of hyperglycemia in NOD mice and reduced the severity of insulitis. Moreover, expression of mIL-4 also maintained the level of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells, and adoptive transfer of splenocytes from nondiabetic dsAAV8-mIP-IL-4 mice to NODscid mice was able to block the diabetes induced by splenocytes co-adoptively transferred from nondiabetic dsAAV-mIP-eGFP mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that local expression of mIL-4 in islets prevents islet destruction and blocks autoimmunity, partly through regulation of T-cell function.
Therapy of chronic hepatitis b with recombinant human alpha and gamma interferon
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Vinod K. Rustgi, Chris Kassianides, Mauricio Lisker-Melman, Yoon Park, Jeanne G. Waggoner, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B entered a pilot study of gamma interferon and alpha interferon in combination. Gamma interferon alone had minimal inhibitory effects on serum levels of hepatitis B virus as monitored by serum HBV DNA and DNA-polymerase activity. The drug also gave troublesome side effects. In contrast, alpha interferon had more potent inhibitory effects on serum HBV levels and fewer side effects. When combined, the two interferons showed no additive or synergistic effects in inhibiting serum levels of HBV DNA or DNA polymerase. These findings indicate that the addition of gamma interferon to alpha interferon provides no additional antiviral effects but contributes significantly to side effects.
Use of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids by Athletes
Authors: Mark A. Frankle
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> For the past two decades there has been a tendency for some athletes to use androgenic anabolic steroids as an adjunct to weight training, exercise, and diet programs to improve strength and physique. This use has been highlighted by media attention of the disqualification of athletes from the Pan-American Games, refusal of some athletes to undergo testing for possible steroid use, and concerns regarding the use of these drugs in the Olympic games. The recent emphasis on physical fitness has created a great interest in body building and weight lifting, and we recently saw a 17-year-old wrestler with cholestatic jaundice caused by use of anabolic steroids. To obtain a notion of the prevalence of this practice, two of us (M.A.F. and G.J.C.) visited several gymnasiums in the metropolitan Chicago area. The first weight room was at a YMCA. Of the 7,800 total members, approximately 500 men and
Immature Dendritic Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Cells via αvβ5 and CD36, and Cross-present Antigens to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Matthew L. Albert, S.Frieda A. Pearce, Loise M. Francisco, Birthe Sauter, Pampa Roy, Roy L. Silverstein, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Dendritic cells, but not macrophages, efficiently phagocytose apoptotic cells and cross-present viral, tumor, and self-antigens to CD8+ T cells. This in vitro pathway corresponds to the in vivo phenomena of cross-priming and cross-tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is restricted to the immature stage of dendritic cell (DC) development, and that this process is accompanied by the expression of a unique profile of receptors, in particular the αvβ5 integrin and CD36. Upon maturation, these receptors and, in turn, the phagocytic capacity of DCs, are downmodulated. Macrophages engulf apoptotic cells more efficiently than DCs, and although they express many receptors that mediate this uptake, they lack the αvβ5 integrin. Furthermore, in contrast to DCs, macrophages fail to cross-present antigenic material contained within the engulfed apoptotic cells. Thus, DCs use unique pathways for the phagocytosis, processing, and presentation of antigen derived from apoptotic cells on class I major histocompatibility complex. We suggest that the αvβ5 integrin plays a critical role in the trafficking of exogenous antigen by immature DCs in this cross-priming pathway.
An Outbreak of Influenza a in a Boys' School
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, J. Roswell Gallagher, John F. Enders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

FOLLOWING the Christmas vacation of 1945–1946, there were admitted to the infirmary of a boys' school of about 680 boarding students, located thirty miles north of Boston, several boys with "colds" characterized by enough malaise so that the patients willingly sought medical advice. After hospitalization of the first patient 30 patients were admitted for upper respiratory infections during the next ten days, 138 more during the second ten-day period and 46 more during the third ten days. The outbreak then subsided. The epidemiologic data are presented graphically in Figure 1.Clinical AspectsThese illnesses of the respiratory tract were diagnosed clinically as . . .
Mass Prophylaxis of Epidemic Streptococcal Infections with Benzathine Penicillin G
Authors: Arthur J. Schreier, Verden E. Hockett, John R. Seal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

STUDIES on the prophylaxis of epidemic streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever with penicillin have been carried out in the Navy each winter since 1951.1 , 2 Mass prophylaxis with 250,000 units of penicillin G given twice daily by mouth for a minimum period of ten days has been demonstrated to terminate an epidemic abruptly and to effect a major reduction in the carrier rate for strains of Group A streptococci responsible for the epidemic. This ten-day program, which may prove adequate for prolonged if not complete suppression of an outbreak of streptococcal infections in populations of relatively stable composition, has been inadequate . . .
Connecting the Circle from Home to Heart-Failure Disease Management
Authors: Akshay S. Desai, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Rates of death and readmission after hospitalization for heart failure remain high despite considerable advances in evidence-based medical treatment.13 In 2009, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began public reporting of rates of readmission for any reason among patients who had been hospitalized for heart failure, and earlier this year, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act4 was signed into law, establishing financial incentives for hospitals to reduce readmissions for cardiovascular disease. In this era, there is a growing fiscal, as well as medical, imperative for new strategies to smooth the transition from hospital to home for patients . . .
In vitro activation of cord blood mononuclear cells and cytokine production in a remote coastal population exposed to organochlorines and methyl mercury.
Authors: Houda Bilrha, Raynald Roy, Brigitte Moreau, Marthe Belles-Isles, Eric Dewailly, Pierre Ayotte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Remote coastal populations that rely on seafood for subsistence often receive unusually high doses of organochlorines and methyl mercury. Immunosuppression resulting from prenatal exposure to organochlorines has been reported in wildlife species and humans. In this study, we assessed lymphocyte activation and associated cytokine secretion in 47 newborns from a remote maritime population living on the Mid and Lower North Shore regions of the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada; subsistence fishing group) and 65 newborns from nearby urban settings (reference group). Cord blood samples were collected for organochlorine and mercury analyses and also to isolate cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) for the in vitro assessment of cytokine production and expression of surface markers after mitogenic stimulation (CD4(+)CD45RO(+), CD8(+)CD45RO(+), CD3(+)CD25(+), and CD8(+)HLA-DR(+)). Blood mercury and plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were significantly higher in the subsistence fishing group than in the reference group (p < 0.001). No difference was observed between the two groups regarding subsets of lymphocytes showing markers of activation. In vitro secretion of cytokines by CBMCs after mitogenic stimulation was lower in the subsistence fishing group than in the reference group (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and plasma PCB, p,p'-DDE, and HCB concentrations (p < 0.05). Our data support a negative association between TNF-alpha secretion by CBMCs and prenatal organochlorine exposure. If the relationship between organochlorine and TNF-alpha secretion is causal, it would suggest a role for this important proinflammatory cytokine in mediating organochlorine-induced immunotoxicity in infants developmentally exposed to these compounds.
Gender and Health: The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
775 Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a pilot study of peginterferon alfa-2B and ribavirin combination
Authors: J DUMORTIER, J SCOAZEC, P CHEVALLIER, O BOILLOT
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Peginterferon Alfa-2b or Alfa-2a with Ribavirin for Treatment of Hepatitis C Infection. McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, Muir AJ, Galler GW, McCone J, Nyberg LM, Lee WM, Ghalib RH, Schiff ER, Galati JS, Bacon BR, Davis MN, Mukhopadhyay P, Koury K, Noviello S, Pedicone LD, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Sulkowski MS, for the IDEAL Study Team.Treatment guidelines recommend the use of peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a in combination with ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, these regimens have not been adequately compared.At 118 sites, patients who had HCV genotype 1 infection and who had not previously been treated were randomly assigned to undergo 48 weeks of treatment with one of three regimens: peginterferon alfa-2b at a standard dose of 1.5 μg per kilogram of body weight per week or a low dose of 1.0 μg per kilogram per week, plus ribavirin at a dose of 800 to 1400 mg per day, or peginterferon alfa-2a at a dose of 180 μg per week plus ribavirin at a dose of 1000 to 1200 mg per day. We compared the rate of sustained virologic response and the safety and adverse-event profiles between the peginterferon alfa-2b regimens and between the standard-dose peginterferon alfa-2b regimen and the peginterferon alfa-2a regimen.Among 3070 patients, rates of sustained virologic response were similar among the regimens: 39.8% with standard-dose peginterferon alfa-2b, 38.0% with low-dose peginterferon alfa-2b, and 40.9% with peginterferon alfa-2a (P = 0.20 for standard dose vs. low-dose peginterferon alfa-2b; P = 0.57 for standard dose peginterferon alfa-2b vs. peginterferon alfa-2a). Estimated differences in response rates were 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.3 to 6.0) between standard-dose and low-dose peginterferon alfa-2b and −1.1% (95% CI, −5.3 to 3.0) between standard-dose peginterferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2a. Relapse rates were 23.5% (95% CI, 19.9 to 27.2) for standard-dose peginterferon alfa-2b, 20.0% (95% CI, 16.4 to 23.6) for low dose peginterferon alfa-2b, and 31.5% (95% CI, 27.9 to 35.2) for peginterferon alfa-2a. The safety profile was similar among the three groups; serious adverse events were observed in 8.6 to 11.7% of patients. Among the patients with undetectable HCV RNA levels at treatment weeks 4 and 12, a sustained virologic response was achieved in 86.2% and 78.7%, respectively.In patients infected with HCV genotype 1, the rates of sustained virologic response and tolerability did not differ significantly between the two available peginterferon–ribavirin regimens or between the two doses of peginterferon alfa-2b. (ClinicalTrials. gov number, NCT00081770.)[Abstract reproduced by permission of N Engl J Med 2009;361:580–593]
Traffic Death Toll May Be Declining, but Experts Not Ready to Celebrate
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TRAFFIC FATALITIES in the United States for the past year appear to total about 41 150. That is a preliminary figure, subject to change with the arrival of late reports and further analysis. But, tragic as each death is, an annual toll of approximately that number would be the lowest in recent years. What is more, some experts predict this trend will continue amid the nation's traffic violence. At a national meeting of the Automotive Safety Foundation in Washington, DC, recently, leaders in highway traffic and safety set what they held were reasonable goals: reducing the annual traffic deaths to no more than 35 500 by 1995 and again to 26 000 by the year 2000. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that in 1990 there were 44 529 fatalities on the nation's highways. <h3>Lowest and Highest</h3> This compares with 42 583 deaths in 1983; and 51 093 deaths
Deterioration of Diabetic Patients′ Knowledge and Management Skills as Determined During Outpatient Visits
Authors: Patricia A Lawrence, Jean Cheely
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

A checklist of 22 items that diabetic persons need to perform correctly in order to carry out adequate home management was analyzed for 30 patients in an outpatient clinic. Both a recording of correct performance (baseline assessment) and a reassessment 3–17 mo later were obtained for each item included in the study. An 8 ½% error rate occurred on reassessment. Approximately one-third of the patients had an error rate of 10% or more. No significant relationship was found between the percentage of error and age, interval between assessments, years of diabetes, or past performance on the checklist. Nor did a majority of the errors occur on items that showed an error immediately before the correct baseline assessment. This error rate is less than in reports not including a correct baseline performance. However, it is high enough to indicate that reassessment is needed more frequently than is generally done.
Evidence-based Hypertension
Authors: Sangnya Patel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 June 2002Evidence-based HypertensionSangnya Patel, MDSangnya Patel, MDThe Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. (Patel)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mulrow CD, ed. 239 pages. London: BMJ; 2001. £27.50. ISBN 0727914383. Order at www.bmjbooks.com.Field of medicine: Internal medicine.Format: Paperback book.Audience: General practitioners seeking a concise evidence-based reference on hypertension, and academic faculties involved in training medical students and residents.Purpose: To review the best evidence on core management of hypertension.Content: Nine chapters cover evidence-based hypertension from literature searches up to June 2000. Each chapter is unique, starting with a case-based, problem-oriented clinical scenario and ending with evidence-based bottom lines. A glossary of terms is located before chapter one. Several figures and tables enhance the key information ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. (Patel) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 June 2002Volume 136, Issue 11Page: 856KeywordsBlood pressureDrugsEpidemiologyEtiologyHypertensionPatientsPrimary care physicians ePublished: 4 June 2002 Issue Published: 4 June 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pension and Accident Acts in New Zealand.
Authors: P. M. Keller
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Huntly, N. Z. <i>To the Editor:</i>—We have in this country much legislation which is somewhat experimental in type and nearly always socialistic in form. This is certainly very much of a haven for the laboring man. He has his old age pension, etc. There is one law which may prove of interest: "The Accident Compensation Act." An employer is responsible for all accidents occurring to his employes. The employer insures his men in an accident insurance company. The coal mine in this town pays over $1,150 per annum as a premium. I will give some cases showing the effect of the act. I was called to the local coal mine to see a man who had fallen in the mine, causing an incised wound about 3 in. long over the spine and in the lumbar region. There was no apparent injury to the spine or cord. He was under
Muir-Torre syndrome: clinical features and molecular genetic analysis
Authors: C. ESCHE, R. KRUSE, C. LAMBERTI, W. FRIEDL, P. PROPPING, P. LEHMANN, T. RUZICKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a 62-year-old man with rectal cancer, two keratoacanthomas and multiple sebaceous adenomas, epitheliomas and sebaceous hyperplasia. His brother and father died from colorectal cancer. A subgroup of patients with the Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is allelic to the cancer family syndrome. This genetic disorder is caused by an autosomal dominant inherited germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes. It is thought that a somatic mutation of the other allele leads to a genomic instability responsible for tumorigenesis. In the patient presented here the instability was detected in two characteristic skin lesions; sebaceous adenoma and epithelioma. The search for a causal germline mutation revealed a frameshift mutation in the mismatch repair gene hMSH2 leading to a truncated protein. A presymptomatic molecular diagnosis can be offered to the children of the patient.
Penetration Into the Stomach
Authors: Charles Lackey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN 1979, Angelchik and Cohen<sup>1,2</sup>described a prosthesis for the control of gastroesophageal reflux. It consists of a ring-shaped silicone elastomer shell filled with highly cross-linked silicone gel. The prosthesis is placed around the esophagus below the diaphragm and tied with a Dacron strap. We wish to report a complication of the device. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In January 1982, a 72-year-old man came to our institution with intermittent dysphagia of three months' duration, which in the previous two weeks had progressed until he could swallow liquids only. In 1976, he had undergone a vagotomy, hemigastrectomy, and Billroth II anastomosis for a bleeding duodenal ulcer. In January 1981, he began to experience difficulties with nocturnal shortness of breath and paroxysmal coughing spells. The following April he was hospitalized at another institution for these symptoms with a diagnosis of "acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." During that hospitalization, he
Health Hazards in Industrial Welding
Authors: Roger S. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was somewhat surprised that Baxter (<b>215:</b>1051,1971) did not mention ear damage as a result of welding. A condition not infrequently seen in our office is that of tympanic membrane perforation secondary to a welding spark landing in the external ear canal. The spark will cause an instantaneous perforation upon contact with the tympanic membrane, and frequently this perforation is rather extensive. This ear drum perforation, unlike that of traumatic perforation, is very resistant to spontaneous healing. In other words, a welder's spark may cause a rather extensive, nonhealing perforation upon contact with the tympanic membrane. A means of preventing this injury to the ear drum would be to design the welder's face mask to include coverage of the ears.
Acute global limb weakness
Authors: J. Gilbert, S. Y. Saheecha, V. Oguntolu
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 31 year old man presented with a two day history of sudden onset, bilateral upper and lower limb weakness. Bulbar, sensory, and bladder function were unimpaired. A transient episode of bilateral hand and leg weakness had occurred one week earlier.

Medical history included alcohol dependence (abstinent for one year) and acute kidney injury secondary to use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. He had no family history of muscle disorders. He denied using diuretics, laxatives, or recreational drugs.

On examination his body mass index was 24, he was afebrile and tachycardic (135 beats/min), and he had a blood pressure of 135/63 mm Hg. Respiratory and abdominal examinations were normal. He showed grade 4 symmetrical global limb weakness with normal tone, reflexes, sensation, and cranial nerve function. He had no muscle tenderness, wasting, or …