tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS OF FREEZING AND DRYING BY VACUUM SUBLIMATION
Authors: Donald Greiff, Henry Pinkerton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

A vacuum sublimation apparatus is described which will permit, (a) the removal of water from virus suspensions at temperatures ranging down to -80 degrees C., (b) continuous operation with a minimum of attention from the investigator, (c) sealing off of samples at operating pressures (10(-5) mm. Hg), (d) simultaneous lyophilization of aliquot samples at different temperatures, (e) isolation of a portion of the apparatus without disturbing the remainder of the system, and (f) determination of the end-point of sublimation without disturbing the samples. The time required for drying 0.1 ml. of influenza virus suspension was shown to increase markedly with decrease of temperature, 8 days being required for dehydration at -80 degrees C. in contrast to 2 days at -30 degrees C. and 1 day at 0 degrees C.
PBB inhibits metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells in vitro: its potential as a tumor promoter.
Authors: J E Trosko, B Dawson, C C Chang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Using an in vitro assay system, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) was assessed for its ability to inhibit metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine sensitive and resistant Chinese hamster V79 cells. Using a nonlethal range of the chemical, PBB was shown to inhibit metabolic cooperation (a form of cell-cell communication) in a manner similar to other known tumor promoters. Results suggest that PBB could act, epigenetically, as a teratogen and a carcinogenic promoter.
THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM ON THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OF ANIMALS AND RELATION OF THIS EFFECT TO THE RATIO OF THE INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATIONS OF POTASSIUM
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

The cardiac toxicity of the potassium ion is fa- miliar from observations both in animals and in man.With elevation of the serum potassium a vir- tually pathognomonic sequence of electrocardio- graphic changes occurs.Of interest is the effect on the heart of elements from the same periodic group, e.g., lithium, rubidium, and cesium.With the reporting (1-5) of patients with severe un- toward reactions from lithium salts taken as a so- dium salt substitute, it became of practical signifi- cance to evaluate the role of the cardiac toxicity (if any) in the total picture of lithium intoxication.Unexpectedly these studies of the effects of lithium disclosed interesting features of potassium me- tabolism.Because of ramifications of possible theoretical significance in this connection, a miiore detailed report than that of four years ago (6) was deemed desirable.In 1875, Hesse (7) demonstrated that lithium chloride administered intravenously caused dia- stolic stoppage of the heart while nerves and mus- cles were still irritable.Krumhoff (8, 9) con- firmed this finding in 1884 and made the significant additional observation that much more lithium than potassium is necessary to produce cardiac arrest.From neuromuscular experiments, MAilheiro (10) concluded that the effect of lithium is an additive one with potassium. METHODSIn acute experiments modeled after those of Winkler, Hoff, and Smith (11) wvith potassium, lithium chloride, usually in isotonic 0.65 per cent solution, was administered parenterally to six dogs, one cat, two rabbits and six guinea pigs (cf.Table I A, B, C, D).In the case of the guinea pigs the solution of lithium chloride was given by intermittent intraperitoneal injection, whereas in the 'Present address: The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti- more 5, Maryland.three larger species it was given by continuous intravenous infusion.The intravenous solutions were adminis- tered at rates which delivered 300 mEq. of lithium in a period varying from 15 to 90 minutes in individual ex-
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: Martin O. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Any case of erythroblastosis fetalis should be taken under care prenatally. Every pregnant woman should have her Rh blood type ascertained. If she is Rh negative and her husband is Rh positive, blood should be drawn in the third month of pregnancy to test for the presence or absence of antibodies to the Rh factor and to be used as a basis for comparison with subsequent samples. This should be done even in primiparas, because of the possibility of previous transfusion with Rh-positive blood, of its intramuscular injection, or of a previous undiagnosed incomplete pregnancy. Other titers may be obtained according to individual discretion, but at least one titer should be obtained in the seventh month of pregnancy for comparison. If there is a rise in titer, hemolytic disease should be anticipated. Generally speaking, those women with the highest rise in titer will deliver the most severely
A patient with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Turner’s syndrome
Authors: H. Kittler, M. Binder
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article A patient with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Turner’s syndrome Get access H. Kittler, H. Kittler Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A‐1090 Vienna, AustriaE‐mail: michael.binder@akh‐wien.ac.at Correspondence: Michael Binder. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Binder M. Binder Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A‐1090 Vienna, AustriaE‐mail: michael.binder@akh‐wien.ac.at Correspondence: Michael Binder. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 5, 1 November 2000, Pages 1105–1107, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03865.x Published: 01 November 2000
Role of interleukin 18 in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: F Y Liew
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Mediators produced by innate immune response cells such as macrophages can profoundly influence adaptive immunity. Recent studies have shown that interleukin (IL) 18 has an influential role in inflammatory response. Recent data are presented illustrating the importance of IL18 in the induction and perpetuation of chronic inflammation during experimental and clinical rheumatoid synovitis. These findings suggest that antagonists to IL18 may have a role in the treatment of organ specific autoimmune diseases.

There is currently considerable interest in the interactive role of innate and adaptive immunity. A large number of mediators have been implicated, particularly those derived from the innate response that can drive the adaptive immunity. In this short review, we will summarise the work carried out in our laboratory on the roles of interleukin (IL) 18 in adaptive immune response and in perpetuating chronic organ specific inflammatory reactions. We will focus primarily on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The processes that initiate and perpetuate RA are currently unclear. Successful clinical targeting of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α therefore represents an exciting and important advance, not only in therapeutics but also in understanding the disease pathogenesis. However, non-responder or partial responder patients are not uncommon, and inflammatory disease usually flares on discontinuation of treatment.1,2 This carries significant pathogenetic implications for existing disease models. Moreover, it exemplifies the clinical necessity for generation of further novel, pathogenesis led interventions. One approach to the detection of novel synovial inflammatory pathways is to establish events that regulate synovial TNFα production. Recently, our group has explored the expression of novel cytokine activities in RA synovial membrane that could perpetuate inflammatory synovitis, in particular through modulation of T lymphocyte function and TNFα expression by IL18, an innate cytokine produced principally by macrophages after activation by a range of stimuli, including infection and stress.

IL18 is …
Esophageal Involvement in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: T. Lamireau, C. Leauté-Labrèze, B. Le Bail, A. Taieb
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The authors describe the endoscopic aspect of esophageal lesions in five children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Lesions involve the entire esophagus, with blistering of the epithelium leading to large ulcerations of the mucosae. Esophageal involvement is probably underestimated in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and may worsen dysphagia caused by oral lesions, leading to malnutrition. Enteral nutrition can be helpful to provide feeding, limit weight loss, and support skin healing. No strictures were diagnosed during the follow-up period of these patients.
Anthology of Orthopaedics
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Every specialty has its eponyms. But ask who was the person after whom this or that disease or test was named, or what did he actually say about it, and we will realize that most proper nouns have lost their special signification. They remain only as a sound, which serves to identify a disease or sign but not to convey any historical meaning. Similarly with many conditions without eponyms. If we ask who first described a particular disease, or what did it originally signify, we realize that for most practitioners the past is a closed book.  Many educators have regretted this state of affairs and a few have even tried to remedy the situation. There are many books on medical history, many anthologies of original writings. The present book, restricted to the specialty of orthopedics, is extraordinarily successful. Dr. Rang has, after some general introductory remarks, divided the field into
Vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated induction of angiogenesis by human rhinoviruses
Authors: Stelios Psarras, Eleni Volonaki, Chrysanthi L. Skevaki, Maria Xatzipsalti, Apostolos Bossios, Harris Pratsinis, Stelios Tsigkos, Dimitrios Gourgiotis, Andreas G. Constantopoulos, Andreas Papapetropoulos, Photini Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Endovascular treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease using kissing stents in high-risk patients: Procedural results and long-term follow-up
Authors: Mouatou Mouanoutoua, Suhail Allaqaband, Rajesh Maddikunta, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir K. Bajwa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Animal experiments and the doctor
Authors: E. J H Moore
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Professor Vallance (June 2002 JRSM1) makes the observation that the medical profession has distanced itself from animal research despite being ‘the very group that relies on animal experimentation for the treatment it provides’ and suggests that doctors join the debate on this issue, as they ‘are in a good position to correct misunderstandings and place arguments in a clinically relevant context.’ There would, however, appear to be three areas of concern in Vallance's proposition.

First, doctors cannot rely on animal experiments to forecast the effect of drugs on healthy or sick people, far less on people of different sex, age, ethnic origin, or on unborn children. Secondly, the suggestion that doctors are in ‘a good position’ to correct misunderstandings implies much more than a passing knowledge of animal research. Thirdly, in suggesting that doctors should join the debate, has Vallance considered the reasons that doctors have distanced themselves? Could this be because they are more interested in ‘research that may have results that are directly applicable for clinicians and those making public policy’2, or for moral, ethical, religious or other reasons? Some doctors may be concerned that expressing views opposing animal research might harm their career prospects—in my own case I only went into print3,4 after I had become a consultant.

Medical practitioners should join the debate about the place of animal experimentation in medical research not only for the reasons Vallance puts forward, but also because medical research is failing to stop the rising trend in overall morbidity levels. The most obvious example is diabetes mellitus, which affected about 300 000 people in the UK in the 1950s but which is expected to affect 4 million people by 20105. A useful preliminary to the debate might be a survey of doctors' views, to find out why they have distanced themselves from animal experimentation.
A CASE OF GENERAL INFECTION BY THE DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIÆ.
Authors: BLANCH N. EPLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. P., aged 26. Family history negative. The patient had lived a questionable life, and about three years ago, after failing in general health, she was thought to be dying. No specitic history could be obtained. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The physician called found the patient with a high fever, coughing and expectorating. Right lung was tympanitic in areas and dull in other areas. The sputum was examined several times for the tubercle bacillus, but none was found. There were macular-like blotches on hands and face, especially on the forehead; there were lesions of herpes on the lips, which were swollen; there was no itching, no pain. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —No diagnosis was made, though the patient was put on tuberculosis treatment. She seemingly recovered and the macular eruptions scaled off. <h3>Subsequent History.</h3> —On June 22, 1905, my attention was called to the patient, who had been treated by the city physician, Dr. John
Differences in Foot and Forearm Skin Microcirculation in Diabetic Patients With and Without Neuropathy
Authors: Subodh Arora, Paula Smakowski, Robert G Frykberg, Louis R Simeone, Roy Freeman, Frank W LoGerfo, Aristidis Veves
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE We have compared the hyperemic response to heat and the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation between the dorsum of the foot and the forearm in diabetic neuropathic and non-neuropathic patients and healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the cutaneous microcirculation in the forearm and foot in 15 diabetic patients with neuropathy, in 14 diabetic patients without neuropathy, and in 15 control subjects matched for age, sex, BMI, and in the case of diabetic patients, for the duration of diabetes. Patients with peripheral vascular disease and/or renal impairment were excluded. The cutaneous microcirculation of the dorsum of the foot and the flexor aspect of the forearm was tested in all subjects. Single-point laser Doppler was employed to measure the maximal hyperemic response to heating of the skin to 44°C and laser Doppler imaging scanner was used to evaluate the response to iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine chloride (Ach) (endothelium-dependent response) and 1% sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) (endothelium-independent response). RESULTS The transcutaneous oxygen tension was lower in the neuropathic group at both foot and forearm level, while the maximal hyperemic response to heat was similar at the foot and forearm level in all three groups. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation (percent increase over baseline) was lower in the foot compared to the forearm in the neuropathic group (23 ± 4 vs. 55 ± 10 [mean ± SEM] P &amp;lt; 0.01)], the non-neuropathic group (33 ± 6 vs. 88 ± 14; P &amp;lt; 0.01), and the control subjects (43 ± 6 vs. 93 ± 13; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Similar results were observed during the iontophoresis of NaNP (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No differences were found among the three groups when the ratio of the forearm:foot response was calculated for both the endothelium-dependent (neuropathic group, 2.25 ± 0.24; non-neuropathic group, 2.55 ± 0.35; and control subjects, 2.11 ± 0.26; P = NS) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (neuropathic group, 1.54 ± 0.27; non-neuropathic group, 2.08 ± 0.33; and control subjects, 2.77 ± 1.03; P = NS). The vasodilatory response, which is related to the C nociceptive fiber action, was reduced at the foot level during iontophoresis of Ach in the neuropathic group. In contrast, no difference was found during the iontophoresis of NaNP at the foot and forearm level and of Ach at the forearm level among all three groups. CONCLUSIONS In healthy subjects, the endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilatation is lower at the foot level when compared to the forearm, and a generalized impairment of the microcirculation in diabetic patients with neuropathy preserves this forearm-foot gradient. These changes may be a contributing factor for the early involvement of the foot with neuropathy when compared to the forearm.
Electronic Nose Identifies Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Eosinophils in Asthma
Authors: Niki Fens, Koenraad F. van der Sluijs, Marianne A. van de Pol, Annemiek Dijkhuis, Barbara S. Smids, Jaring S. van der Zee, René Lutter, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Peter J. Sterk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Different phenotypes in Muir-Torre syndrome: clinical and biomolecular characterization in two Italian families
Authors: G. Ponti, M. Ponz de Leon, L. Losi, C. Di Gregorio, P. Benatti, M. Pedroni, A. Scarselli, G. Riegler, L. Lembo, G. Pellacani, S. Seidenari, G. Rossi, L. Roncucci
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Different phenotypes in Muir–Torre syndrome: clinical and biomolecular characterization in two Italian families Get access G. Ponti, G. Ponti Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ponz de Leon, M. Ponz de Leon Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Maurizio Ponz de Leon. E‐mail: deleon@unimo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Losi, L. Losi Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Policlinico, 41100 Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Di Gregorio, C. Di Gregorio Division of Pathology, Carpi General Hospital, Carpi, Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Benatti, P. Benatti Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Pedroni, M. Pedroni Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Scarselli, A. Scarselli Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Riegler, G. Riegler Division of Endoscopy, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Lembo, L. Lembo Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Pellacani, G. Pellacani Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more S. Seidenari, S. Seidenari Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Rossi, G. Rossi Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Roncucci L. Roncucci Divisions of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 1335–1338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06506.x Published: 01 June 2005 Article history Accepted: 09 October 2004 Published: 01 June 2005
Cardiac mast cell-derived renin promotes local angiotensin formation, norepinephrine release, and arrhythmias in ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: C. J. Mackins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Having identified renin in cardiac mast cells, we assessed whether its release leads to cardiac dysfunction. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, mast cell degranulation with compound 48/80 released Ang I-forming activity. This activity was blocked by the selective renin inhibitor BILA2157, indicating that renin was responsible for Ang I formation. Local generation of cardiac Ang II from mast cell-derived renin also elicited norepinephrine release from isolated sympathetic nerve terminals. This action was mediated by Ang II-type 1 (AT1) receptors. In 2 models of ischemia/reperfusion using Langendorff-perfused guinea pig and mouse hearts, a significant coronary spillover of renin and norepinephrine was observed. In both models, this was accompanied by ventricular fibrillation. Mast cell stabilization with cromolyn or lodoxamide markedly reduced active renin overflow and attenuated both norepinephrine release and arrhythmias. Similar cardioprotection was observed in guinea pig hearts treated with BILA2157 or the AT1 receptor antagonist EXP3174. Renin overflow and arrhythmias in ischemia/reperfusion were much less prominent in hearts of mast cell-deficient mice than in control hearts. Thus, mast cell-derived renin is pivotal for activating a cardiac renin-angiotensin system leading to excessive norepinephrine release in ischemia/reperfusion. Mast cell-derived renin may be a useful therapeutic target for hyperadrenergic dysfunctions, such as arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, myocardial ischemia, and congestive heart failure.
An avalanche of apple pie: too many guidelines?
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A colleague recently calculated that, as lead for obstetrics in his hospital, he had received 3825 pages of advice, guidelines, and reports about maternity care from various bodies. I should point out, in case anyone from top management is listening, that “recently” means a year or two ago. Rest assured that he is on target, and his total must be well over 5000 by now.

I was reminded of this last month at a meeting where a midwife’s presentation …