tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rac1 GTPase in rodent kidneys is essential for salt-sensitive hypertension via a mineralocorticoid receptor–dependent pathway
Authors: Shigeru Shibata, ShengYu Mu, Hiroo Kawarazaki, Kazuhiko Muraoka, Ken-ichi Ishizawa, Shigetaka Yoshida, Wakako Kawarazaki, Maki Takeuchi, Nobuhiro Ayuzawa, Jun Miyoshi, Yoshimi Takai, Akira Ishikawa, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Katsuyuki Ando, Miki Nagase, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Despite this, its underlying mechanism(s) and the role of excess salt in cardiorenal dysfunction are unclear. Previously, we have identified cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a nuclear transcription factor regulated by the steroid aldosterone, and the small GTPase Rac1, which is implicated in proteinuric kidney disease. We here show that high-salt loading activates Rac1 in the kidneys in rodent models of salt-sensitive hypertension, leading to blood pressure elevation and renal injury via an MR-dependent pathway. We found that a high-salt diet caused renal Rac1 upregulation in salt-sensitive Dahl (Dahl-S) rats and downregulation in salt-insensitive Dahl (Dahl-R) rats. Despite a reduction of serum aldosterone levels, salt-loaded Dahl-S rats showed increased MR signaling in the kidneys, and Rac1 inhibition prevented hypertension and renal damage with MR repression. We further demonstrated in aldosterone-infused rats as well as adrenalectomized Dahl-S rats with aldosterone supplementation that salt-induced Rac1 and aldosterone acted interdependently to cause MR overactivity and hypertension. Finally, we confirmed the key role of Rac1 in modulating salt susceptibility in mice lacking Rho GDP–dissociation inhibitor α. Therefore, our data identify Rac1 as a determinant of salt sensitivity and provide insights into the mechanism of salt-induced hypertension and kidney injury.
TEMPORAL CLEFT OF THE NERVE HEAD.
Authors: CHARLES H. BEARD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

that syphilis of the eye is not usually a particularly malignant affection in the negro, but when the ciliary body becomes involved he has never yet been able to stay the process sufficiently to restore vision to any serviceable degree.Some years ago he reported in Knapp's Archives some eases of this sort with a drawing made from a section of the ball.A peculiarity of the struc¬ ture, as these revealed, is its close pathologic resemblance to tubercle.The giant cells are pronounced in their formation and structure.Another point in which it resembles tubercle is that it destroys the tissue in which it is embedded.Last win¬ ter Dr. Burnett had a case under observation which under vig¬ orous treatment finally disappeared, but the whole of the ciliary body and iris were transformed into cicatricial tissue, and he is sure that it will soon be added to the collection of eyes lost by syphiloma of the ciliary body.One of the most marked symptoms is the intense pain which it causes.It is essentially a secondary manifestation.Dr. Burnett has a man under observation now presenting a perfectly typical appear¬ ance who is in the secondary stage of the disease.The pro¬ tuberance from the ciliary region is 5 mm.It is the second case he has seen this year.The treatment should be as vigor¬ ous as possible.Formerly he gave deep muscular injections of bichlorid.This is painful and it is difficult to get the patient to submit.Where he can not do this he uses the inunction treatment.He does not have to enucleate all these eyes, but he has a larger collection of them than he takes pride in.Dr.Burnett said he would like to hear from his confrères in the regions where the negro abounds regarding the frequency of this disease and its malignancy.Dr. Charles J. Kipp, Newark, N. J., said that he has not seen a case in which it did not become necessary to enucleate in the end.Cases in which there is apparently syphiloma of the ciliary body can not be diagnosed with certainty unless the tumor perforates the sclera.Dr. Kipp agreed with Dr. Knapp that mercury is preferable to the iodid.
Syndromes of<i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>Infections
Authors: Karl C. Klontz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of Vibrio vulnificus infections.Case series based on notifiable disease report forms and patient medical records.Cases reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services from 1981 to 1987.Sixty-two patients with V. vulnificus infection.The three clinical syndromes found were primary septicemia (38 patients), wound infections (17 patients), and gastrointestinal illness without septicemia or wound infections (7 patients). Mortality rate was highest for patients with primary septicemia (55%; 95% CI, 38 to 71) and intermediate for wound infections (24%; 95% CI, 8 to 51): no deaths occurred in those with gastrointestinal illness. Common characteristics and exposures in patients with these syndromes included recent history of raw oyster consumption for primary septicemia and gastrointestinal illness, liver disease for primary septicemia, and either having a preexisting wound or sustaining a wound in contact with seawater for wound infections.Clinicians should ask about marine exposures in patients with underlying medical conditions, especially liver disease, who present with unexplained febrile illness, and should start appropriate therapy promptly.
Speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid simultaneous and sequential actions: Evidence for carryover effects
Authors: David E. Sherwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The idea of a neuromuscular synergy involving independent amplitude commands to the agonist and antagonist musculature is quite an appealing part of Plamondon's theory. One question that might be raised relates to the relative independence of the two “D” commands. Evidence is presented that suggests that the two commands might be related in sequential or simultaneous rapid aiming movements.
A Clinical Report on Benactyzine Hydrochloride
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE most recent addition to the rapidly expanding list of chemical remedies for emotional and mental disorders is benactyzine hydrochloride (Suavitil). This drug, developed in Denmark by Jacobsen and his co-workers and studied extensively in Europe, is currently being screened by American investigators. To help the practicing physician form a tentative opinion of its value in treating various psychiatric ailments in his office, the results of a pilot study of the drug are reviewed in this report.Purpose and Scope of StudyTo evaluate clinical indications, dosage, side effects and therapeutic effectiveness 40 patients (29 women and 11 men between . . .
Characterization and outcomes of renal leukocyte chemotactic factor 2-associated amyloidosis
Authors: Samar M. Said, Sanjeev Sethi, Anthony M. Valeri, Anthony Chang, Cynthia C. Nast, Leslie Krahl, Peter Molloy, Marc Barry, Mary E. Fidler, Lynn D. Cornell, Nelson Leung, Julie A. Vrana, Jason D. Theis, Ahmet Dogan, Samih H. Nasr
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin and Lamivudine Improve Hepatitis B–Related Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rohit Loomba, Ayana K. Rowley, Robert Wesley, Karen G. Smith, T. Jake Liang, Frank Pucino, Gyorgy Csako
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
LASTING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Authors: Egilde Seravalli, René Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Certain specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice bred and maintained under semiprotected conditions have an intestinal flora which is qualitatively simpler (although not quantitatively smaller) than that of mice of the same genetic stock produced under ordinary conditions. They are also heavier at weaning time, grow at a faster rate, and reach a greater adult weight than ordinary mice. When SPF mice are contaminated per os shortly after birth with certain bacterial cultures isolated from the intestinal contents of adult ordinary mice, these bacteria multiply extensively throughout the gastrointestinal tract and persist at extremely high levels until weaning time. Such bacterial infections do not affect significantly either weaning weight, growth rate, or maximum adult weight. In contrast, weight depression could be consistently brought about by contaminating newborn SPF mice per os with bacteria-free filtrates of homogenates of intestines from ordinary mice. The weight-depressing agent passed through Millipore discs of 0.45 and 0.22 micro porosity, but was held back at 0.10 micro porosity. The depression of weight caused by either intestine homogenate or filtrates thereof could be detected within a few days after contamination (of 2 day old mice) and persisted throughout the adult life of the contaminated animals. When intestine homogenate of the SPF mice used in this study were introduced per os into newborn SPF mice, they did not affect their growth rate or adult weight. On several occasions, but not consistently, bacteria-free filtrates capable of depressing the weight curve of SPF mice produced alterations in the appearance of tissue cultures of BHK-21 and mouse embryo cells. When tissue cultures so infected were introduced into newborn SPF mice, the weight of these animals was depressed early and lastingly. An agent exhibiting weight-depressing activity has been transferred from mouse to mouse over many passages by contaminating newborn SPF animals per os. Weight depression was achieved with extremely small doses of material (10(-5) ml of intestine homogenate of 10(-4) of mouse embryo culture). Under these conditions, none of the animals showed obvious signs of disease except reduced weight. Only very young SPF mice (preferably less than 3 days old) proved susceptible to the weight-depressing effect of the filtrates of intestine homogenates or of infected tissue cultures prepared therefrom. After oral contamination, it took approximately 1 wk before the intestinal homogenate obtained from contaminated animals exhibited a high level of weight-depressing activity. The growth-depressing effect could be transmitted from one generation to the next by mating SPF mice that had been contaminated shortly after birth and that were consequently smaller than control SPF animals.
The Historical Development of Accreditation in Medical Education
Authors: Victor Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IT MAY BE CONTENDED that national accreditation of medical institutions in this country commenced in 1847 with the organization of the American Medical Association in Philadelphia. The call to this meeting voiced the belief that  national convention would be conducive to the elevation of the standards of medical education in the United States.  Medical Schools  The Philadelphia session appointed a Committee on Medical Education which stated,  This Association considers defective and erroneous every system of medical instruction which does not rest on the basis of practical demonstration and clinical teaching;... it is... the duty of the medical schools to resort to every honorable means to obtain access for their students to the wards of a well regulated hospital. 1   The lowly state of undergraduate medical education a hundred years ago is reflected in the frequent resolutions, debates, and recommendations dealing with this subject as the principal topic of discussion
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer in US Men
Authors: Edward Giovannucci
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To examine the relationship between vasectomy and prostate cancer.Retrospective cohort study.Husbands of nurses in 11 large states in the United States.In questionnaires administered in 1976 and 1978, 14,607 married female participants of the Nurses' Health Study reported vasectomy as the couple's form of contraception. In 1989, we contacted these 14,607 women and 14,607 age-matched participants whose husbands had not had a vasectomy prior to 1978 to ascertain their husband's disease status between 1976 and 1989.Diagnosis of prostate cancer.During the study period, from 1976 through 1989, 96 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed in the cohort. Vasectomy was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (age-adjusted relative risk, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.37; P = .04). The relative risk of prostate cancer increased over time since vasectomy. Among men who had their vasectomy 20 or more years in the past, the relative risk of prostate cancer was 1.89 (95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 3.14; P = .005), and after excluding stage A and B cases, the relative risk was 2.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 4.43; P = .07). This elevated risk of prostate cancer among vasectomized men persisted when we adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, educational level, body mass index, and geographical area of residence.These results support evidence from other epidemiologic studies that vasectomy increases risk of prostate cancer. A biological mechanism whereby vasectomy influences the rate of prostate cancer may be related to a diminished secretory rate of prostatic fluid following vasectomy, or, alternatively, to the postvasectomy immune response to sperm antigens, which may cross-react with tumor-associated antigens and suppress tumor immunosurveillance mechanisms.
A Case-Control Study of Menopausal Estrogen Therapy and Breast Cancer
Authors: Ronald K. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The association between estrogen replacement therapy and female breast cancer was studied in two Los Angeles area retirement communities. The 138 study cases of breast cancer occurring in residents younger than 75 years were compared with age- and race-matched community control subjects. The risk ratio for a total cumulative dose in excess of 1,500 mg was estimated to be 2.5 in women with intact ovaries. This increase was present using various independent sources of drug usage information but was inconsistent at low dose and undetectable in oophorectomized women. No important sources of confounding could be identified, and no risk modifiers could be identified except for a history of surgically confirmed benign breast disease. In such women with intact ovaries, the risk ratio for a high cumulative dose rose to 5.7 relative to nonusers with normal breasts. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1635-1639, 1980)
The Hippocampal Complex at the Crossroad of Dimensional/Categorical Approaches
Authors: Ali Amad, Pierre Thomas, Renaud Jardri
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Increased levels of soluble ST2 protein and IgG1 production in patients with sepsis and trauma
Authors: Markus Brunner, Claus Krenn, Georg Roth, Bernhard Moser, Martin Dworschak, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Andreas Spittler, Thomas Sautner, Nico Bonaros, Ernst Wolner, George Boltz-Nitulescu, HendrikJan Ankersmit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Blame culture is still a problem in tackling patient safety
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Emergency services utilisation is a critical policy concern. The paediatric population is the main user of emergency department (ED) services, and the main contributor to low acuity (LA) ED visits. We aimed to describe the trends of ED and LA ED visits under a comprehensive, universal health insurance programme in Taiwan, and to explore factors associating with potentially unnecessary ED utilisation. <h3>Design and setting</h3> We used a population-based, repeated cross-sectional design to analyse the full year of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 National Health Insurance claims data individually for individuals aged 18 years and under. <h3>Participants</h3> We identified 5 538 197, 4 818 213, 4 401 677 and 3 841 174 children in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> We adopted a diagnosis grouping system and severity classification system to define LA paediatric ED (PED) visits. Generalised estimating equation was applied to identify factors associated with LA PED visits. <h3>Results</h3> The annual LA PED visits per 100 paediatric population decreased from 10.32 in 2000 to 9.04 in 2015 (12.40%). Infectious ears, nose and throat, dental and mouth diseases persistently ranked as the top reasons for LA visits (55.31% in 2000 vs 33.94% in 2015). Physical trauma-related LA PED visits increased most rapidly between 2000 and 2015 (0.91–2.56 visits per 100 population). The dose–response patterns were observed between the likelihood of incurring LA PED visit and either child’s age (OR 1.06–1.35 as age groups increase, p&lt;0.0001) or family socioeconomic status (OR 1.02–1.21 as family income levels decrease, p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite a comprehensive coverage of emergency care and low cost-sharing obligations under a single-payer universal health insurance programme in Taiwan, no significant increase in PED utilisation for LA conditions was observed between 2000 and 2015. Taiwan’s experience may serve as an important reference for countries considering healthcare system reforms.
Complications Associated With the Wearing of Contact Lenses
Authors: Joseph M. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Ophthalmologists in a national survey reported case histories of 14 eyes lost or blinded in patients wearing contact lenses. All of the eye losses were due to infections, four of which were by fungi. There were 157 other eyes permanently damaged and 7,607 with reversible changes. These physiologic and pathologic eye changes indicated the medical problems of diagnosis, treatment, and routine follow-up of these patients.
Darwin's illness revisited
Authors: J. A Hayman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It is 200 years since the naturalist Charles Darwin was born. It is therefore an appropriate time to establish the nature of the illness that he endured throughout adulthood and to refute the many fanciful proffered diagnoses, both physical and psychological, or psychoanalytical. Throughout his adult life Darwin endured a chronic, relapsing illness. This was present even before he sailed on HMS Beagle in 1831: Sea sickness was a major problem for Darwin, to the extent that he was incapacitated for days at a time. On 30 December 1831 and again in January, he recorded his feelings in a diary (box). #### Extract on seasickness from Darwin's diary
Abstract 5278: Inhibition of tumor cell migration and metastasis by the GPR4 receptor
Authors: Reid D. Castellone, Nancy R. Leffler, Li V. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract GPR4, a G protein-coupled receptor, has been shown to function as a proton sensor. Within tumor microenvironments, the interstitial acidic pH may activate GPR4 to regulate the behavior of tumor cells, blood vessels, and other cells. The expression of GPR4 is detected in some tumor cells, and it is the focus of this study to investigate the effects of acidosis/GPR4 signaling on tumor cell migration and metastasis. B16F10 melanoma cells and TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer cells, genetically engineered to overexpress GPR4 or the control vector, were subject to a series of cell motility assays. Transwell and wound closure assays were performed to examine cell migration, and it was observed that upon GPR4 activation in an acidic pH, cell migration was inhibited two to four fold in comparison to the vector control. These same trends were observed for invasion assays, in which Matrigel or a HUVEC endothelial monolayer was applied to the top of each transwell filter. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which acidosis/GPR4 mediated motility inhibition occurs, G-LISA RhoA activation assays were used and it was observed that upon GPR4 activation in an acidic environment, the levels of activated RhoA, when compared to the vector control, were increased two and three fold. Furthermore, activation of Rho by its activator CN01 in B16F10 and TRAMP-C1 tumor cells recapitulated the acidosis/GPR4 induced motility inhibition phenotype, while inhibition of Rho reversed such phenotype. To examine the biological effects in vivo, B16F10 cells were injected into C57BL/6 female mice through tail veins. Pulmonary melanoma metastasis was inhibited by greater than 80% in GPR4 overexpressing B16F10 cells in comparison to the vector control. Upon treatment with the Rho activator CN01 in culture, the phenotype of the B16F10 vector cells paralleled that of the GPR4 overexpressing cells as metastasis was inhibited by more than 90%. These findings suggest that GPR4 activation by acidic pH plays a role in the inhibition of migration and invasion in B16F10 and TRAMP-C1 tumor cells, and the activation of Rho is at least partly responsible for this phenotype on the molecular level. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5278.
Information Technologies in US Medical Schools
Authors: John D. Rootenberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

STUDIES of medical education reform have underscored the importance of students' acquiring an understanding of the information sciences.<sup>1-3</sup>To ascertain how computer-based technologies are being taught in US medical schools, I completed telephone interviews with faculty identified by their dean's office as overseeing the use of computers in medical education at 92 (73%) of the 126 US medical schools. During the interview, participants were asked to respond to five questions: Is the use of computers a formally required part of the undergraduate medical curriculum? If so, in which classes is it required? Who oversees the development and implementation of classes that use computer technology? Does the medical school have an official long-term plan or an articulated vision concerning the use of computers within the future curriculum? Are any of the medical school faculty or staff currently developing software or other computer-based materials that will be used to teach students