tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Respiratory Illness in Volunteers Following Intramuscular Administration of Live Adenovirus
Authors: M. R. Hilleman, R. E. Hodges, M. S. Warfield, S. A. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Early investigations of the pathogenicity of the adenoviruses (RI-APCARD agents) (1-5) for man revealed (3, 6, 7) that volunteers given tis- sue culture-grown virus by respiratory, intradermal, or intramuscular routes regularly developed neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies against the agents without significant illness.This finding led us to attempt to prepare live virus vac- cine for human immunization employing types 4 and 7 adenovirus grown in tissue cultures of monkey kidney.When it was found (8, 9), however, that monkey kidney cultures may contain "wild" viruses of unknown pathogenicity for man, the idea of using such untreated monkey kidney material in volunteers was abandoned and a formalin-killed vaccine was prepared instead.The high degree of effectiveness of the killed vaccine in preventing acute respiratory illnesses caused by adenovirus in newly inducted soldiers has been reported elsewhere (10-12).Continued investigation of the live virus vaccine problem was made, employing types 3, 4, and 7 adenovirus produced in tissue cultures of human embryo intestine which had been propagated serially in vitro.Contrary to expectation, volun- teers given the trivalent live virus preparation in- tramuscularly developed acute febrile respiratory illness which resembled closely the natural disease caused by these agents.This report describes the experimental illness induced in the volunteers and presents the antibody responses in these individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of tArus for human injectionTissue cultures of human intestinal cells.The virus injected into the volunteers was propagated in human embryonic intestinal cells of non-malignant origin.This cell line was initiated by Dr. Gertrude Henle and her as- sociates (13) from a plasma clot explant culture of hu-
Reversion From Type 2 Diabetes to Nondiabetic Status: Influence of the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria
Authors: James P Burke, Steven M Haffner, Sharon P Gaskill, Kenneth L Williams, Michael P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and the rate of reversion of type 2 diabetes to a nondiabetic status in the 7- to 8-year follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study, and to determine the influence of the recent 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for diabetes on these rates. Individuals who revert have been problematic for those developing criteria for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Few studies have addressed this issue using 1979 National Diabetes Data Group/1980 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 3,682 Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white men and nonpregnant women who completed both the baseline and follow-up examination of the San Antonio Heart Study. Incidence and reversion rates were calculated using both the 1980 WHO and the 1997 ADA criteria. Risk factors for reversion were identified, and the best fitting model using multiple logistic regression was determined using both the 1980 WHO and the 1997 ADA criteria. RESULTS Using the 1997 ADA criteria, the age-adjusted incidences of type 2 diabetes for Mexican-American men and women were 10.8 and 12.2%, respectively. For non-Hispanic white men and women, the age-adjusted incidence rates were 5.5 and 5.1%, respectively. Similar age-adjusted incidences were recorded using the 1980 WHO criteria. The reversion rate for individuals with type 2 diabetes was 11.5% using the 1980 WHO criteria and 12.5% using the 1997 ADA criteria. These rates were not significantly different. Numerous risk factors for reversion were identified. The best fitting model, after controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity, included baseline 2-h glucose level, baseline HDL cholesterol, and previous diagnosis of diabetes. The models were the same for both the 1980 WHO and the 1997 ADA criteria. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the incidence or the reversion rates for diabetic subjects using either 1980 WHO or 1997 ADA criteria. In addition, the risk factors for reversion were very similar using either set of criteria. The revision of the ADA criteria did not have a significant influence on reversion in this study.
Modulation Of Allergic Responses By Various Preparations Of Restorative Dental Materials In A Murine Model Of Allergic Asthma
Authors: A.A. Babakhin, L.V. Dubova, A.I. Volozhin, J.A. Babakhina, O.N. Stetzenko, L.N. Voronkova, N.V. Borzova, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Intravenous Elemental Mercury Injection: Blood Levels and Excretion of Mercury
Authors: JOHN J. AMBRE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The blood level and excretion of mercury was measured in a patient who injected 1 ml (13.6 g) of elemental mercury intravenously. The chest radiograph showed metallic densities delineating small pulmonary vessels. The patient had no signs or symptoms of mercury intoxication in the year after injection. Mercury blood levels were essentially constant, averaging 62 ng/ml. Although exhalation of mercury vapor was a major route of excretion and urinary mercury rose fivefold with administration of penicillamine, excretion by all routes, estimated for the year after injection, represented only 1% of the dose. Total body clearance of mercury was only 5 ml/min. Penicillamine therefore appeared to be of little value in reducing the body burden of mercury. The data also suggest that acute systemic mercury intoxication is unlikely after intravascular elemental mercury injection because blood mercury levels are low.
Evaluation of polyanion-coated biodegradable polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles
Authors: Yuichi Ohya, Shinya Takeda, Yosuke Shibata, Tatsuro Ouchi, Arihiro Kano, Tomoki Iwata, Shinichi Mochizuki, Yuki Taniwaki, Atsushi Maruyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
A PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF INSANITY
Authors: E. Edward Harkavy
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is so gravely important to increase our understanding of human nature in health and in disease that any effort in this direction should be commended. But a body of knowledge must be defended; and we must recognize that as much harm can be wrought by some proponents of psychiatry as by its antagonists. I refer specifically to Trigant Burrow's paper on "A Phylogenetic Study of Insanity in Its Underlying Pathology" inThe Journal, March 4. Dr. Burrow first tells us, in his definition of "phylopathology" and in the implications inherent in his choice of that term, that there is no such thing as a Man Alone; that Rousseau's "Natural Man" and the Noble Savage and Individualistic Psychology are based on romantic concepts. Undoubtedly Man is a social creature, as he is also a chemical congeries, a philosophic concept, an economic unit or a Son of God,
Evidence supports earlier use of intravenous salbutamol
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Intravenous salbutamol should be used earlier in children with acute severe asthma, say researchers who have found that it cuts recovery time by two thirds compared with nebulised salbutamol.

Fifty children admitted to the emergency department of Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, were treated with nebulised salbutamol after assessment. If their condition did not improve they …
CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC RESULTS AFTER ROBOTIC-ASSISTED CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OUR FIRST 201 CASES
Authors: Michael Halkos, Henry Liberman, John Douglas, Chandan Devireddy, Aloke Finn, Syed Rab, Robert Guyton, John Puskas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
42 Results of a one-year international phase IIB trial of LDT, and LDT plus lamivudine, in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: S.H. Han, N.W.Y. Leung, E.K. Teo, M. Tong, F. Wong, H.W. Hann, T. Poynard, N.A. Brown, M. Myers, G. Chao, D. Lloyd, C.L. Lai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
A medical mishap: What came first and what seems worse
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Clinical mishaps are likely to be overlooked and buried—or concealed by sympathetic patients, relatives, or colleagues. Mine was very public, the talk of the hospital. Doctors came from far and wide to admire it, and if it wasn't photographed for a textbook it should have been. As an exchange student in the United States, I was asked to do a tuberculin test on a patient with mysterious shadows in her lungs. Tuberculin came in twin packs labelled “first strength” and “second strength.” I misunderstood the instructions and used the wrong one. The patient had an extreme response—a black carbuncle on her arm the size of a plum. Everyone was kind about it, particularly the victim. In those days patients entering teaching hospitals cost-free did not expect them to be risk-free. But they did expect their experience to be exotic. This certainly …
Abstract B70: Conexic: A Bayesian framework to detect drivers and their function uncovers an endosomal signature in melanoma
Authors: Uri-David Akavia, Oren Litvin, Jessica Kim, Eyal Mozes, Dylan Kotliar, Yossi Tzur, Levi Garraway, Dana Pe'er
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Genomics is revolutionizing our understanding of cancer biology. Tumor samples assayed for comprehensive chromosomal and gene expression data are accumulating at a staggering rate. A major challenge involves the development of analysis methods to uncover biological insights from these data, including the identification of the key mutations that drive cancer and how these events alter cellular regulation. We have developed Conexic, a novel computational framework to integrate chromosomal copy number and gene expression data to detect genetic alterations in tumors that drive proliferation, and to model how these alterations perturb normal cell growth/survival. The underlying assumption to our approach is that significantly recurring copy number change, coinciding with its ability to predict the expression patterns varying across tumors, strengthens the evidence of a gene's causative role in cancer. This method not only pinpoints specific regulators within an a large region of copy number variation, but can shed light on the way in which gene regulation is altered We applyed our Conexic framework to a melanoma dataset (Lin et al, Cancer Research, 2007) comprising 65 paired measurements of gene expression and copy number, with interesting results. Our analysis correctly identified many known ‘driver’ events, while also connecting these to many of their known targets (e.g. MITF). Our global integrative analysis reveals insight into how the drivers alter transcriptional programs. An interesting recurring characteristic is that there are a number of different ways by which drivers can be altered; e.g., the expression of a driver may be altered through copy number variation or other mechanisms, but its influence downstream remains the same. In addition to confirming the role of known drivers in melanoma, our analysis suggests a number of novel drivers. Most strikingly, these point to a major role in regulation of protein trafficking and endosome biology in this malignancy. These results have linked endosomal processing and sorting to adhesion and survival. Preliminary experimental validation supports three novel drivers including TBC1D16, RAB7A and RAB27A. Together, these results affirm the potential of Conexic to elaborate novel driver modules with biological and possibly therapeutic importance in melanoma and other cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B70.
Aspects on the Interaction of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> with Human Respiratory Tract Mucosa
Authors: Anders Håkansson, Ingemar Carlstedt, Julia Davies, Ann-Kristin Mossberg, Hemant Sabharwal, Catharina Svanborg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infections. H. influenzae attach to receptor epitopes in mucins and in epithelial cell membranes. Attachment is followed by an epithelial cell cytokine response. Secreted cytokines then initiate inflammation, upset the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and lead to disease. S. pneumoniae do not bind to mucins but attach to respiratory tract epithelial cells. Attachment is increased by viral infection of the epithelial cells. Unlike H. Influenzae, S. pneumoniae induce apoptosis in epithelial cells, thus disrupting the mucosal barrier. Attachment and persistence is counterbalanced by antiadhesive as well as bactericidal molecules in secretions such as human milk. These examples illustrate the balance between host defenses and microbial virulence as it has coevolved to maintain the health of the respiratory mucosa.
Abstract 1180: CCL-4 affects prostate cancer cell migration and tumorigenesis
Authors: Krizia Rohena-Rivera, María M. Sánchez-Vázquez, Némesis Merly-Torres, Joseph A. Casillas-González, Yarimar Padín-López, Ingrid Forestier-Román, Magaly Martínez-Ferrer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Inflammatory processes have been related to cancer progression and metastasis. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β or CCL-4 has been reported as a differentially expressed chemokine among patients that showed PCa recurrence after radical prostastectomy. The aim of this study is to determine the role and mechanism of CCL-4 in the progression of PCa using in vitro and in vivo models. PC3 (androgen-independent) and 22RV1 (androgen-dependent) cell lines were treated in vitro with CCL-4 at concentrations of 0.001ng/mL and 0.1ng/mL and subjected to migration (Wound Healing) and invasion (Boyden Chamber) assays. The role of CCL-4 in PCa tumor progression was evaluated using a xenograft model in which the anterior prostate lobes of SCID mice were ortothopically injected with 250,000 22RV1 cells or 500,000 PC3 cells. CCL-4 was administered bi-weekly at concentrations of 0.001ng/mL and 0.1ng/mL with intraperitoneal injections during 4 weeks (22RV1) or 8 weeks (PC3). Tumor volumes were calculated using a caliper and tissue was collected, fixed and processed for gross examination, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. In vitro studies indicated that PC3 cells treated with CCL4 had significantly increased migration when compared to control (P&amp;lt;0.05). Additionaly, in vivo, CCL-4 increased tumor volume when compared with tumors generated in mice treated with vehicle. Tumors developed with CCL-4 showed an increased expression of desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-sma), and phospho histone 3 (pH3). Gene expression analysis showed that CCL-4 modulates the expression of several genes involved in PCa progression including PTEN, β-Catenin, and matrix metalloproteinases. Real-Time PCR confirmed increased expression of MMP-11. This study shows that CCL4 alters migration of PC3 cells and 22RV1 cells in vitro. Additionally, CCL4 treatment induces tumor growth in vivo using a SCID mouse orthotopic model. Interestingly tumors treated with CCL4 were associated with increased levels of alpha smooth muscle actin, proliferation as well as increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases. Our results indicate that CCL4 may promote tumor growth and metastasis in vivo by increasing proliferation and altering migration. Citation Format: Krizia Rohena-Rivera, María M. Sánchez-Vázquez, Némesis Merly-Torres, Joseph A. Casillas-González, Yarimar Padín-López, Ingrid Forestier-Román, Magaly Martínez-Ferrer. CCL-4 affects prostate cancer cell migration and tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1180
830 VIROLOGIC RESPONSES TO PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A/RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE LATINO VS NON-LATINO CAUCASIANS INFECTED WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1: THE LATINO STUDY
Authors: M. Rodriguez-Torres, L.J. Jeffers, M.Y. Sheikh, L. Rossaro, V. Ankoma-Sey, F.M. Hamzeh, P. Martin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Multiple bilateral fibromas of the pleura
Authors: C. M. Scattini, A. Orsi
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Scattini, C. M. and Orsi, A. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 782-787. <b>Multiple bilateral fibromas of the pleura.</b> A patient with multiple bilateral fibromas of the pleura which evolved over 25 years is presented. Tumours were resected in four successive surgical interventions during this period. At the second operation `spontaneous regression9 of several small pleural fibromas noted at the first operation four years previously was observed. The differentiation between pleural fibroma and pleural localized mesothelioma is discussed.
Measurement of Regional Lung Function in the Early Detection of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
Authors: Kenneth A. McKusick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Measurement of Regional Lung Function in the Early Detection of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.Kenneth A. McKusick, M.D., Jagmeet S. Soin, M.D., Wilmot C. Ball Jr., M.D., Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Malcolm D. Cooper, M.D.Kenneth A. McKusick, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jagmeet S. Soin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Wilmot C. Ball Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Malcolm D. Cooper, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-832_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA major characteristic of radioactive tracer studies of the lung is that they permit measurement of regional as well as total lung function. Because of the potential importance of the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, our goal was to determine whether measurement of regional ventilation and perfusion might provide a more sensitive indicator than measurements of total lung function.Inhaled133Xe gas and injected99mTc microspheres were used to measure regional ventilation and perfusion in a population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their asymptomatic family members, who were participants in an epidemiological study of emphysema.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kenneth A. McKusick, M.D.; Jagmeet S. Soin, M.D.; Wilmot C. BallJr., M.D.; Henry N. WagnerJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.; Malcolm D. Cooper, M.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIncreased Sensitivity of Regional Measurements in Early Detection of Narcotic Lung Disease 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 832-832KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEmphysemaLungs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
IMMUNITY IN MUMPS
Authors: Joseph Stokes, John F. Enders, Elizabeth P. Maris, Lewis W. Kane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

The results observed after experimental inoculation of active mumps virus into 41 vaccinated and 32 unvaccinated children,-with the consent of their parents or guardians,-indicated that formol-inactivated mumps virus obtained from the parotid gland of the infected monkey and employed as a vaccine in the manner which has been described increased the resistance of about half of those to whom it was administered.
The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: S Danese
Journal: Gut (2004)

The complexity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well recognised at both the clinical and therapeutic levels. Even more complex however appears to be the unravelling of its aetiology and pathogenesis where environmental, genetic, bacterial, and immune factors come together to generate the clinical entities we recognise as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).1,2 When facing a complex problem, a wise approach is to select first its most obvious part, break it down into its various components, and then try to understand the contribution of each component to the problem. IBD is a chronic inflammatory process and therefore inflammation is the fundamental issue, the mechanism responsible for the tissue damage in CD and UC. If chronic inflammation is the central mechanism, what are its components? To keep the answers simple, one can envision a triggering event that initiates IBD, and a number of subsequent events that maintain inflammation and perpetuate IBD. The initial trigger is probably far more dependent on genetics and environmental factors than the events that perpetuate IBD.3,4 These are more likely to be tissue dependent events and there is little doubt that dysregulation of the local immune response is what underlies gut inflammation and allows it to persist unabated year after year.5 Thus until genetic and environmental factors are fully identified, it seems worthy to investigate the various biological systems that contribute to the chronicity of gut inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss one key contributor, the CD40/CD40 ligand (L) system, and present evidence that this system plays a major role in immunity and inflammation, can foster chronic inflammation, is directly relevant to IBD, and its modulation may offer therapeutic benefits to IBD patients. To achieve these aims, it is vital to first understand where the CD40/CD40L system …
Abstract A7: A novel class of selective estrogen receptors degraders regresses tumors in pre-clinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Beatrice Darimont, Steven Govek, Nihn Lu, Johnny Nagasawa, Rene Prudente, Jing Qian, John Sensintaffar, Gang Shao, Richard Heyman, Peter Rix, Nicholas Smith, Jeffrey Hager, James Joseph, Katherine Grillot, Anna Aparicio, Eric Bischoff, Mehmet Kahraman, Josh Kaufman, Andiliy Lai, Kyoung-Jin Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Eighty percent of all breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and thus are treated with antihormonal therapies that directly block ERα function (e.g., tamoxifen) or hormone synthesis (aromatase inhibitors). While these therapies are initially effective, acquired resistance invariably emerges and disease progression ensues. Importantly, the majority of these tumors continue to depend on ERα for growth and survival via both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent pathways. The emerging evidence that ERα can signal in the absence of estrogens supports the development of agents that are not only competitive ERα antagonists but also reduce steady state levels of the receptor and thus limit both ligand dependent and independent signaling. We have identified novel, nonsteroidal ERα antagonists that induce degradation of ERα at picomolar concentrations resulting in significant reduction in steady state ERα protein levels in breast cancer cell lines. Using peptide-based conformational profiling, we show that these ligands induce estrogen receptor conformations that are distinct from both fulvestrant and tamoxifen indicating novel mechanism of action. Importantly, these compounds yield tumor regression in both tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant models of breast cancer in vivo. Based on their unique in vitro profile, and good pharmacokinetics following oral dosing, these compounds represent a novel class of selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) that hold promise as a next-generation therapy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer as monotherapy, as well as in combination with agents that target other pathways involved in both intrinsic and acquired endocrine resistance.