tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. III. Independent hospital validation
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, P.G. JBURNEY, A.C. PEMBROKE, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

In order to qualify as a case of atopic dermatitis, we propose that an individual must have an itchy skin condition plus three or more of the following: history of flexural involvement, a history of asthma/hay fever, a history of a generalized dry skin, onset of rash under the age of 2 years, or visible flexural dermatitis. When tested in an independent sample of 200 consecutive dermatology outpatients of all ages, this arrangement of the diagnostic criteria achieved 69% sensitivity and 96% specificity when validated against physician's diagnosis. Based on the findings of this first exercise, minor modifications in the wording of the criteria were undertaken, and these were tested on a sample of 114 consecutive children attending out-patient paediatric dermatology clinics. Overall discrimination improved, with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 96%. The simplified criteria are easy to use, take under 2 min per patient to ascertain, and do not require subjects to undress. These two independent validation studies suggest that the newly proposed criteria for atopic dermatitis perform reasonably well in hospital out-patient patients. Further validation in community settings and in developing countries is needed.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PREPARATIONS OF LACTIC ACID BACILLI AND THE PRODUCTION OF SOURED MILK
Authors: E. Quant
Journal: BMJ (1909)

DEC. I81 S90S.subdivisions of the artery, and the more localized the area oE faulty blood supply is likely to be and the smaller the detect in the field.Many cases are not so well defined as these, but a quadrant defect more or less complete in the fields of vision is not infrequent.The defect may be only slight
Concerning the need for more sophisticated animal models in sensory behavioral toxicology.
Authors: W C Stebbins
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

It is necessary but not sufficient to develop laboratory animal models in sensory behavioral toxicology for screening toxic substances and for the analysis of sensory impairment at threshold levels of stimulation. It is important to develop more thorough and quantitative tests of impairment which in their greater complexity more accurately reflect the conditions and environmental demands of day-to-day life. Such greater complexity in stimulus conditions and behavior may also aid in monitoring not merely the state of the receptor organ but more central nervous processes which are the focus of assault by many known toxic substances. Techniques are described for studying such acoustic behaviors as intensity discrimination and frequency selectivity in guinea pig and monkey by use of operant conditioning procedures coupled with sensory testing (psychophysical) methods. Impaired auditory selectively and discrimination is shown to be correlated with histopathological changes in the inner ear. Slight modification of these procedures in animals may be used to investigate acoustically more intricate behaviors such as sound localization and the perception of frequency modulated acoustic signals as elements of speech and communication sounds.
Performance of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) and Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prescreened Men: Reproducibility and Detection Characteristics for Prostate Cancer Patients with High PCA3 Scores (≥100)
Authors: Monique J. Roobol, Fritz H. Schröder, Geert L.J.H. van Leenders, Daphne Hessels, Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Tineke Wolters, Pim J. van Leeuwen
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Effects of the Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside on Intracellular pH and Contraction in Hypertrophied Myocytes
Authors: Nobuhiko Ito, Josef Bartunek, Kenneth W. Spitzer, Beverly H. Lorell
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We compared the effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on intracellular pH (pH i ), intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) transients, and cell contraction in hypertrophied adult ventricular myocytes from aortic-banded rats and age-matched controls. Methods and Results pH i was measured in individual myocytes with SNARF-1, and [Ca 2+ ] i transients were measured with indo 1 simultaneously with cell motion. Experiments were performed at 37°C in myocytes paced at 0.5 Hz in HEPES-buffered solution (extracellular pH=7.40). At baseline, calibrated pH i , diastolic and systolic [Ca 2+ ] i values, and the amplitude of cell contraction were similar in hypertrophied and control myocytes. Exposure of the control myocytes to 10 −6 mol/L SNP caused a decrease in the amplitude of cell contraction (72±7% of baseline, P &lt;.05) that was associated with a decrease in pH i (−0.10±0.03 U, P &lt;.05) with no change in peak systolic [Ca 2+ ] i . In contrast, in the hypertrophied myocytes exposure to SNP did not decrease the amplitude of cell contraction or cause intracellular acidification (−0.01±0.01 U, NS). The cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP depressed cell shortening and pH i in the control myocytes but failed to modify cell contraction or pH i in the hypertrophied cells. To examine the effects of SNP on Na + -H + exchange during recovery from intracellular acidosis, cells were exposed to a pulse and washout of NH 4 Cl. SNP significantly depressed the rate of recovery from intracellular acidosis in the control cells compared with the rate in hypertrophied cells. Conclusions SNP and 8-bromo-cGMP cause a negative inotropic effect and depress the rate of recovery from intracellular acidification that is mediated by Na + -H + exchange in normal adult rat myocytes. In contrast, SNP and 8-bromo-cGMP do not modify cell contraction or pH i in hypertrophied myocytes.
The Ubiquitous (and Extravagant) Intravenous Infusion
Authors: John F. Viljoen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Current medical practice in the United States is centered around the intravenous (IV) infusion. Very few patients manage to escape from hospital without the boon of intravenous lactated Ringer solution, dextrose, and saline. It appears that the normal route for the assimilation of fluids is abruptly terminated at the hospital admitting office. Those of us involved in the care of the surgical patient are particularly guilty of this intrusion. While the infusion of fluids into a vein has undoubtedly saved countless lives and has kept the kidneys of legions of patients thoroughly flushed throughout the hospital stay, it is high time to reexamine our compulsion to start IV infusions in every patient. One must question the practice of having a 112.5-kg linebacker limping around the hospital after his meniscectomy, pushing in front of him an IV pole from which is dangling 500 ml of lactated Ringer solution.
Therapeutic potential of terbinafine in subcutaneous and systemic mycoses
Authors: None Hay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Mycoses vary widely in severity, and may present as superficial, subcutaneous and/or systemic infection. Effective treatments for most superficial mycoses now exist, but new agents with convenient dosing regimens and a low level of adverse events are still needed to reduce morbidity and mortality from serious subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections. In vitro, terbinafine exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against the pathogenic fungi responsible for deep mycoses. Clinical data, while not abundant, suggest that this in vitro activity of terbinafine is reflected in its in vivo efficacy. The limited data show that terbinafine is a useful first-line treatment in chromoblastomycosis patients and has efficacy in pulmonary aspergillosis. There are also data to suggest that terbinafine may be effective in treating histoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii infection, fungal mycetoma, and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Moreover, there is some evidence of terbinafine having synergistic activity with amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole against clinical isolates of Candida species. Thus, the therapeutic potential of terbinafine extends well beyond its current use in acute and chronic dermatophytoses to include a wide range of subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. Studies are needed to determine the optimum dose in each disease, and whether combination therapy would have advantages in certain circumstances.
THE USE OF METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE (MIBI) IN EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
Authors: A P Waxman, G Ashok, S Khan, A Kooba, R Krishnan, R D Katz, J Yadegar, P Phillips
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Waxman, A P; Ashok, G; Khan, S; Kooba, A; Krishnan, R; Katz, R D; Yadegar, J; Phillips, P Author Information
Differentiation of Rib Fractures from Metastases by Bone Scanning
Authors: JOHN C. HARBERT, FRANCIS H. GEORGE, MICHAEL L. KERNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The bone scans of 471 cancer patients revealed 103 (22%) with one or more rib lesions. Of 69 patients who had serial studies, five (7%) had proven rib fractures, 13 (19%) had probable fractures, 25 (36%) had proven metastases, and 26 (38%) had probable metastases. By analyzing the intensity and appearance of rib lesions in serial bone scans, it was concluded that there is a high probability that rib lesions detected by bone scanning are fractures if 1) they are focal as opposed to linear, and 2) they decrease in intensity within three to six months or they are aligned so as to involve two or more ribs in the same location.
Hemoglobin Messenger RNA from Human Bone Marrow ISOLATION AND TRANSLATION IN HOMOZYGOUS AND HETEROZYGOUS β-THALASSEMIA
Authors: A. W. Nienhuis, P. H. Canfield, W. F. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A method for isolating human hemoglobin messenger RNA (mRNA) from bone marrow cells was developed to investigate the molecular basis for the defect in globin synthesis in beta thalassemia. Active mRNA was isolated from the bone marrow cells and peripheral reticulocytes of patients with homozygous beta thalassemia, heterozygous beta thalassemia, sickle cell trait, double heterozygosity for beta thalassemia and sickle cell trait, as well as from a patient with normal hemoglobin synthesis but with an elevated reticulocyte count secondary to hereditary spherocytosis. The mRNA was prepared for assay in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system and the amount of alpha and beta globin chains synthesized was determined by carboxymethylcellulose column chromatography. The relative synthesis of alpha to beta chains in response to normal hemoglobin mRNA was found to be a function of the amount of mRNA added to the assay system: increasing the amount of mRNA led to a decrease in the alpha-to-beta-chain synthetic ratio. Therefore, assays were carried out at limiting concentrations of mRNA.
Protecting the Liberty of Pregnant Patients
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

WE are seeing the beginning of an alliance between physicians and the state to force pregnant women to follow medical advice for the sake of their fetuses.1 No irreversible commitments to such an alliance have yet been made, but only a principled discussion of the issues is likely to prevent forced treatment from becoming standard medical practice.In her futuristic novel The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood envisions a world in which physicians and the state combine to strip fertile women of all human rights. These women come to view themselves as "two-legged wombs, that's all; sacred vessels, ambulatory chalices." . . .
A Range of Cancers Is Associated with the rs6983267 Marker on Chromosome 8
Authors: Dominika Wokołorczyk, Bartłomiej Gliniewicz, Andrzej Sikorski, Elżbieta Złowocka, Bartłomiej Masojć, Tadeusz Dębniak, Joanna Matyjasik, Marek Mierzejewski, Krzysztof Mędrek, Dorota Oszutowska, Janina Suchy, Jacek Gronwald, Urszula Teodorczyk, Tomasz Huzarski, Tomasz Byrski, Anna Jakubowska, Bohdan Górski, Thierry van de Wetering, Swietłana Walczak, Steven A. Narod, Jan Lubiński, Cezary Cybulski
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Several genome-wide searches for common cancers have lead to the identification of a small number of loci that harbor low-risk cancer susceptibility markers. One marker, rs6983267 on chromosome 8q24, has been linked to both colon and prostate cancer, and is therefore a good candidate for a multicancer susceptibility marker. To determine the range of cancer sites associated with rs6983267, we genotyped 7,665 cases of cancer, representing 11 common cancer sites, and 1,910 controls. A significant odds ratio (OR) was observed for prostate cancer for carriers of genotype GG [OR, 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47–2.13]. The homozygote OR was higher for tumors with Gleason score 8 to 10 (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.18–3.20) than for tumors with Gleason score 7 and below (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.31–2.08). Significantly elevated (homozygote) ORs were observed for 4 other cancer sites, including colon (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08–1.72), kidney (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.12–2.05), thyroid (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02–1.82), and larynx (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02–1.90). Information was available on family histories of cancer for eight sites. For six of the eight sites (prostate, breast, bladder, larynx, lung, and kidney), the homozygote ORs were higher for cases with a positive family history (at least one first-degree with any cancer) than for cases with unaffected first-degree relatives. Our results suggest that the range of cancers associated with the rs6983267 marker might be larger than previously thought. [Cancer Res 2008;68(23):9982–6]
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF PENICILLIN-INDUCED FEVER
Authors: Michael J. Chusid, Elisha Atkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Rabbits immunized to benzylpenicillin G responded with fever when challenged with a penicillin-serum protein conjugate, but not with penicillin itself. After one or two challenges with conjugate, the rabbits became unresponsive (tolerant) to further injections. This form of hypersensitivity was transferable with plasma of immunized donors to normal rabbits. Blood leukocytes of immunized rabbits incubated with penicillin-protein conjugate and hypersensitive serum released endogenous pyrogen in vitro. Spleen cells from the same animals, on the other hand, were inactive when incubated with this antigen in vitro. These experiments appear to be the first to demonstrate in vitro a possible mechanism of drug-induced fever.
Persistent Immunity Following Enders Live, Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine Given with Human Immune Globulin
Authors: J. Stokes, M. R. Hilleman, R. E. Weibel, E. B. Buynak, R. Halenda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

PREVIOUS studies by various workers1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 have established the high level of efficacy of the Enders live measles-virus vaccine given alone or in combination with human immune globulin. Such efficacy is expressed in terms both of development of antibody after vaccination and of protection against natural measles in epidemics.One of the important problems that remain is the assessment of durability of immunity after vaccination. This report presents findings showing persistent and undiminished immunity against measles for at least a year after administration of live measles-virus vaccine with human immune globulin.Materials and MethodsClinical Populations and Vaccination ProcedurePrevious reports . . .
The stimulation of adipose-derived stem cell differentiation and mineralization by ordered rod-like fluorapatite coatings
Authors: Jun Liu, Xiaodong Wang, Qiming Jin, Taocong Jin, Syweren Chang, Zhaocheng Zhang, Agata Czajka-Jakubowska, William V. Giannobile, Jacques E. Nör, Brian H. Clarkson
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
TREATMENT OF NONTUBERCULOUS SUPPURATIVE PNEUMONITIS, ABSCESS AND BRONCHIECTASIS
Authors: JOHN ALEXANDER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

There exist such widespread pessimism and confusion with regard to the treatment of bronchiectasis, abscess and allied nontuberculous suppurative conditions of the lung that we believe it should be of value to present what we consider the most useful therapeutic procedure in view of our own clinical experience and the opinions of others. The term "suppurative pneumonitis" has been widely adopted to include the various nontuberculous cavernous and noncavernous pulmonary lesions and their combinations in the same patient. While the term is accurate and in the interest of simplicity, it gives no satisfactory conception of the many different forms in which this disease presents itself, each of which demands highly individualized consideration and flexibility with respect to treatment. Until relatively recently, accurate diagnosis of the exact character of the lesions of suppurative pneumonitis and the factors that determine their onset and progression or regression have been little understood, and effective
Management of perinatal loss of a twin.
Authors: E. Lewis, E. M. Bryan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The death of a twin during pregnancy or around birth gives rise to a bewildering confusion of thoughts and feelings that can impede mourning and disturb the bereaved mother's care of a surviving twin. Every effort should be made to give the parents and siblings an experience of the dead baby. Photographs especially can reduce confusion and assist reality testing and thus facilitate the grieving process and improve the care of the surviving twin.
Detention of refugees
Authors: Mina Fazel, Derrick Silove
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Australia has given up mandatory detention because it damages detainees' mental health 

M ore than 7 million of the world's 17 million refugees remain “warehoused” under conditions of confinement,1 raising serious human rights issues about the treatment of people fleeing oppression. The British policy of expanding detention centres for asylum seekers adds to this concern, making it timely to consider what lessons might be learnt from Australia's recent reversal of its mandatory detention policy.

In 2002 Australia stood alone in introducing indefinite, non-reviewable, mandatory detention for asylum seekers arriving by boat or without valid entry documents. Asylum seekers of all ages, including children, were held for years in remote detention centres. From the outset, the medical profession (clinicians, researchers, the Australian Medical Association, and specialist colleges) raised concerns that detention might adversely affect the mental health of traumatised refugees.2 Clinical observations were supported by research conducted by an Iraqi doctor held in detention3 and by Australian specialists in refugee mental health.2 4 A recent study found that …
Relevance of Recertification for Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Emilio B. Gonzalez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters1 July 2008Relevance of Recertification for Primary Care PhysiciansEmilio B. Gonzalez, MDEmilio B. Gonzalez, MDFrom the University of Texas, Galveston, TX 77555.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00022 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the letter by Volpintesta (1), and I agree with his contention that the board recertification process in its current implementation is rapidly becoming irrelevant for most practitioners. I would add that this is true not just for family practitioners but for most physicians practicing medicine. What I would propose is a Web-based recertification system that would be used by physicians to update their knowledge on their own schedule. Not only would this be more convenient, but physicians could use the Web-based format to focus on information that is more relevant to their own practice. I don't see the point in physicians memorizing rare diseases if they are not really going to take care of these zebras. As Volpintesta correctly pointed out, when physicians face patients with a constellation of strange or unusual signs and symptoms, they would have the good judgment to refer such patients to a specialist or a medical center. This is already taking place today. Physicians should attend conferences out of their own interest and perhaps to earn CME credits—not because they are being forced to do so.Finally, physicians should start seeing fewer patients in a day; this is the factor that would improve their quality of patient care more than anything else. In order to do this, we need to work on a much better and fairer reimbursement system for the cognitive specialties coupled with a much better medicolegal climate in which to practice medicine.Emilio B. Gonzalez, MDUniversity of TexasGalveston, TX 77555Reference1. Volpintesta EJ. Relevance of recertification for primary care physicians [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:565-6. [PMID: 18378958] LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Texas, Galveston, TX 77555.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRelevance of Recertification for Primary Care Physicians Edward J. Volpintesta Relevance of Recertification for Primary Care Physicians Edward J. Volpintesta Metrics 1 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 1Page: 66KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth care qualityPatientsSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 July 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Protecting America's Health: The FDA, Business, and One Hundred Years of Regulation
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Philip J Hilts has written about medicine for the Washington Post and the New York Times since 1989. Here he has provided us with a well written history of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since its creation by President Theodore Roosevelt, who was outraged by widespread adulteration of food and quackery, such as snake oil remedies for cancer. Philip J Hilts Alfred A Knopf, $26.95/£14.50/€20, pp 416 ISBN 0 375 40466 X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Hilts describes the changing fortunes of the FDA under various politicians and commissioners. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods.
Authors: J S Felton, M G Knize, F A Dolbeare, R Wu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Mutagenic heterocyclic amines are generated in foods when they are cooked at temperatures over 150 degrees C. These compounds are present from 0.1 to 50 ppb, depending on the food and cooking conditions. These heterocyclic amines are not only present in cooked red meat, fish, and chicken, but are also present at lower levels in baked and fried foods derived from grain. Mutagenicity of fried beef hamburgers cooked at 230 degrees C is 800 +/- 37 TA98 revertants per gram cooked weight. We measured 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MelQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMelQx), and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) formation at this temperature and found 3.0 +/- 2.0, 1.0 +/- 0.18, and 0.06 +/- 0.03 ng/g, respectively. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidaz[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was found at a higher concentration of 9.6 ng/g. In our laboratory we have shown these heterocyclic amines are capable of producing both reverse and forward mutations in Salmonella bacteria and forward mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). We have also been able to show a statistically significant increase in mutations in the pancreas of the "mutamouse" following PhIP exposure. The pancreas also shows relatively high DNA binding compared to other organs in the mouse. The number and type of mutations depend on the repair capacity of the cells for both Salmonella and CHO. In Salmonella the mutations are primarily 2-base deletions when the cells lack uvrB repair, but mutations are more complex (larger deletions and insertions) but lower in frequency when repair is functional.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)