tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Proteins in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Peter Kornfeld
Journal: JAMA (1964)

RECENT INVESTIGATION in myasthenia gravis has suggested that an auto-immune mechanism may be operative in this disease.<sup>1-3</sup>The literature also contains many speculations dealing with the relation of thymus abnormality, a frequent occurrence in myasthenia gravis, and serum γ-globulin variations.<sup>4,5</sup>Finally, there is conflicting data in the foreign literature regarding the behavior of 7-globulins in various neuromuscular disorders.<sup>6,7</sup>It was decided therefore to screen the serums of 61 patients with myasthenia gravis. In selection of 61 cases of myasthenia gravis for this study, care was taken to exclude all those with associated diseases which might affect serum proteins. The selected cases included all the clinical classifications of myasthenia gravis strips were removed and dried in an oven at 70 C for 20 minutes. Amidoblack was used for staining. The protein patterns were separated into albumin, α<sub>1</sub>-, α<sub>2</sub>-, β-, and γ-globulins. Quantitative determinations were made of
Cardiac damage induced by 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in nonhuman primates.
Authors: U P Thorgeirsson, A Farb, R Virmani, R H Adamson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The heterocyclic aromatic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys. The finding of high cardiac IQ-DNA adduct levels prompted a histopathological study of perfusion-fixed hearts from 10 tumor-bearing monkeys chronically dosed with IQ at 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg 5 days per week for 48-80 months. Two monkeys dosed only with the vehicle for IQ, hydroxypropylcellulose, served as controls. All the monkeys had normal heart weights, and no abnormalities were observed upon gross inspection of the hearts. Microscopically, focal myocardial lesions were observed in 8 of 10 monkeys dosed with IQ. Light microscopic abnormalities included myocyte necrosis with or without chronic inflammatory infiltrates, interstitial fibrosis with myocyte hypertrophy or atrophy, and vasculitis. Electron microscopic findings included disruption of the mitochondrial architecture (i.e., mitochondrial swelling and clearing of matrix densities), myofibrillar loss, disorganization of the normal alignment of sarcomeres, and occasional myocytes showing nuclear hypertrophy or peripheral clumping of the nuclear chromatin. There was some correlation between the cumulative dose of IQ and the extent of the myocardial abnormalities. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to IQ can lead to myocardial damage in monkeys. Although focal and not associated with clinical evidence of heart failure, these abnormalities may represent the initial stages of IQ-induced toxic cardiomyopathy.
IgG2a-producing variants of an IgG2b-producing mouse myeloma cell line.
Authors: T Francus, B Dharmgrongartama, R Campbell, M D Scharff, B K Birshtein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

12 variant cell lines producing an IgG2a (kappa) immunoglobulin derived via different routes from the IgG2b (kappa) synthesizing MPC 11 were studied. These variants all have the parental MPC 11 idiotype as shown by a radioimmunoassay. A comparison of the variants by charge, peptide maps, and assembly patterns has shown that most of them differ from one another, and some can be grouped. One group consists of three primary variants generated with two mutagenic agents: these three have almost indistinguishable peptide maps. Two other primary variants which arose in a similar fashion differ markedly from each other and from this group. A second group is comprised of the four secondary variants which arose from two short heavy chain producing primary variants. Other secondary variants and the one spontaneously arising variant cannot be grouped. Possible genetic mechanisms such as translocation, expression of previously silent genes and recombination are discussed.
Vitamin D and Prevention of Cancer — Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Susan T. Mayne, Steven K. Clinton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

An Institute of Medicine committee has concluded that vitamin D is important to bone health, but that for other outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders, the evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive as to causality.
Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race
Authors: Dan Engber
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An exhibition at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, S W Washington, DC, 20024-2126, USA, until 16 October 2005 www.ushmm.org/deadlymedicine/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> B etween 1939 and 1945 more than 200 000 “incurable” patients in Germany were murdered under strict medical supervision. Among these were at least 5000 children—disabled boys and girls who had been singled out for euthanasia in state hospitals by a panel of expert physicians. How did scientists and doctors come to join ideologues and politicians in such a heinous crime? This major exhibition tells the story. The show begins with something right out of Gunther von Hagens' “Körperwelten” or “Body Worlds” (see BMJ 2001;323: 698)—a full size anatomical model of a transparent man, his arms outstretched and head tilted back in rapture. A central element in Nazi public health campaigns, the Glass … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
THE ANTIGENIC COMPLEX OF STREPTOCOCCUS HÆMOLYTICUS
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The anaphylactic reactions of two non-type-specific fractions of hemolytic streptococcus extracts parallel the precipitin reactions. The nucleoprotein, P, is a true antigen, in that it stimulates antibody production in rabbits, as shown before, and produces anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs actively as well as passively. The probable carbohydrate, C, on the other hand, does not induce antibody formation in rabbits, so far as known at present, but does produce typical anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antibacterial serum provided the serum shows a high titer of C precipitins. This is an instance of a hapten, probably carbohydrate in nature, causing anaphylactic shock in passively sensitized guinea pigs.
The Cost and Value of Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapies
Authors: Leonard B. Saltz
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

I don't treat any of my patients with RAS wild-type colorectal cancer with first-line cetuximab- or panitumumab-containing regimens. I don't think you should either. Here's why. The skin rash from use of anti– epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies is miserable, and the cost per dose is roughly double that of bevacizumab. Furthermore, anti-EGFR agents can be used in therapies other than first line to provide survival benefit to patients with RAS wild-type cancer, so their unpleasant adverse effects can be delayed until other, less noxious treatment options have been exhausted. Even if the data convincingly showed a modest sur
Small intestinal beta-galactosidase activity in the horse
Authors: M. C. Roberts, D. E. Kidder, F. W. G. Hill
Journal: Gut (1973)

Two enzymes having lactase activity are present in the equine small intestine. The first, the digestive enzyme, neutral beta-galactosidase, declines in activity from birth to three years, disappearing completely between 3 and 4 years of age. The other, the soluble lysosomal enzyme, acid beta-galactosidase, having affinity for lactose and a synthetic beta-galactoside, shows a decrease in activity in the first three months of life and thereafter varies little in activity and represents the lactase enzyme in the adult horse. This pattern may parallel the development of lactase activity in many other mammals and in the majority of the world9s human population.
Excision of the Elbow-Joint: Preservation of Extension of the Forearm
Authors: C. F. Maunder
Journal: BMJ (1871)

fresh brewer's yeast-the intention of which remedy I suppose to have been that it might evolve in the bowels a quantity of fixed air, and so extricate anyunnatural twist or convolution that might have been formed.She was desired to continue it along with treacle-beer.November 28th.There had been no vomiting since yesterday.There had been sensations of movement and peristaltic action in .thebowels, and offensive flatus had been passed repeatedly.She had felt more re- lieved and easier than for several days, and she was even hopeful.This result she attributed to the yeast which she had taken.It was a delu- sion, however, created probably by that mental perverseness, not uniusual, which is apt to bias sense in favour of nostrums and advice de- rived from unorthodox or spurious sources, for in material respects no improvement could be substantiated-indeed, on the 29th, foecal vomit- ing had recommenced, with much hiccough and general anxiety and distress.The abdomen had become decidedly tympanitic and painful on pressure ; pulse more frequent, very feeble and compressible.Enemata of beef-tea were ordered every three hours.November 30th.Fecal vomiting occurred; she had hiccough, eruc- tations, great prostration; the exposed parts were cold and clammy; she was nearly pulseless ; the tongue was red, and there were sordes about the gums ; the mental condition was drowsy and semi-stupid.Diffusible stimuli were ordered.December Ist.Death took place at 3 A. NI.She had passed nothing from the bowels, and had vomited faecal matter to the last.The mind was conscious.The duration of the disease was fourteen days.Necropsy Ezgdzl flours after Death.-Thebody was plump, with a considerable layer of fat in the parietes of the abdomen, which was greatly distended, and had a drum-like resonance.The peritoneal covering was smooth and glistening, and disclosed no inflammatory ap- pearances nor products.The small intestines were much distended, and concealed from view all other organs; their parietes were thin and transparent, without rupture, and not remarkably changed in colour,
Inflammasome Activators Induce Interleukin-1α Secretion via Distinct Pathways with Differential Requirement for the Protease Function of Caspase-1
Authors: Olaf Groß, Amir S. Yazdi, Christina J. Thomas, Mark Masin, Leonhard X. Heinz, Greta Guarda, Manfredo Quadroni, Stefan K. Drexler, Jurg Tschopp
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Case of Axillary Aneurism: With Remarks
Authors: K. King
Journal: BMJ (1869)

CASE OF AXILLARYT ANEURISM: WITH REMIARKS, pulsation could be detected anywhere in the swollen arm and the radial pulse was felt on the affected side, it was evident that some vascular 1i¥ KEI,IIJ RNE KING, M.D., lesion lhad taken place.Very curiously, it happened that 1 had seen shortly before,
The Henry Jackson Memorial Lecture
Authors: CARL J. WIGGERS
Journal: Circulation (1952)

This lecture reviewed selected types of experiments carried out in our laboratory which are relevant to the interpretation of clinical disorders. From an analysis of ventricular pressure pulses, inferences were drawn as to basic determinants of cardiac performance in experimental conditions simulating those which arise clinically. The analysis included alterations in ventricular contraction patterns produced by pericardial effusion, hypervolemia, oligemia, arterial hypertension of peripheral origin and that due to coarctation of the aorta, aortic and pulmonary stenosis, idioventricular rhythms, ventricular alternation, coronary occlusion and myocardial ischemia, aortic regurgitation, and mitral insufficiency.
Parathyroid Hormone and Teriparatide for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Review of the Evidence and Suggested Guidelines for Its Use
Authors: Anthony B. Hodsman, Douglas C. Bauer, David W. Dempster, Larry Dian, David A. Hanley, Steven T. Harris, David L. Kendler, Michael R. McClung, Paul D. Miller, Wojciech P. Olszynski, Eric Orwoll, Chui Kin Yuen
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2005)

All therapies currently recommended for the management of osteoporosis act mainly to inhibit bone resorption and reduce bone remodeling. PTH and its analog, teriparatide [recombinant human PTH(1–34)], represent a new class of anabolic therapies for the treatment of severe osteoporosis, having the potential to improve skeletal microarchitecture. Significant reductions in both vertebral and appendicular fracture rates have been demonstrated in the phase III trial of teriparatide, involving elderly women with at least one prevalent vertebral fracture before the onset of therapy. However, there is as yet no evidence that the antifracture efficacy of PTH will be superior to the bisphosphonates, whereas cost-utility estimates suggest that teriparatide is significantly more expensive.
Reimbursing Physicians and Hospitals
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The first article in this series described the different modes of financing health care—out-of-pocket payments, individual health insurance, employment-based health insurance, and government financing. Each of these payment mechanisms attempted to solve the problem of unaffordable care for certain groups in the population, but each in turn created new problems by stimulating rapid rises in health care costs. The method of reimbursement of physicians and hospitals contributed to health care inflation; thus, a change in how health care providers are paid is currently being promoted as a solution to the cost problem. Dr Mary Young recently finished her family practice residency and joined a small group practice, PrimaryCare. On her first day, her first patient was insured by Blue Shield; PrimaryCare was paid a fee for the physical examination and for the electrocardiogram (ECG) performed. Dr Young's second patient required the same services, for which PrimaryCare received no payment but
A Follow-Up Study of Wrist Slashers
Authors: SCOTT H. NELSON, HENRY GRUNEBAUM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

More than half the patients in this sample of 19 wrist slashers were well, or at least improved, five to six years after their initial hospital contacts. The authors attribute the improvement in these patients to an increased ability to verbalize feelings, the use of constructive action at times of emotional crisis, and the control of psychotic delusions through psychiatric follow-up and medication.
Abstract 3379: Metabolic influences of pancreatic tumor microenvironment on pancreatic cancer cell's metabolism
Authors: Joelle Baddour, Lifeng Yang, Juan C. Marini, Janusz Franco-Barraza, Edna Cukierman, Chaoxin Hu, Anirban Maitra, Deepak Nagrath
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer, the most lethal of solid tumors, is associated with a five-year survival rate and high mortality. The lethality of this tumor stems from lack of early symptoms, inability for detection of cancerous pancreatic lesions, and a diagnosis window that is accompanied by tumor resistance and metastasis. The bulk of the tumor mass, the fibrotic stroma, has been deemed an active player in the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adinocarcinoma (PDAC). A number of studies have elucidated the interactions between stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs), and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and PCCs. However, the role of the tumor microenvironment on the metabolic machinery of PCCs remains an active field of investigation. In this study, we investigate the effect of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with or without ECM components, in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional setting on the glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways of patient-derived PCCs. The modulation of the expression levels of metabolic enzymes by the tumor microenvironment was also investigated. The metabolic reprogramming induced in PCCs by normal and reactive pancreatic stroma was investigated by isotopomer flux analysis. Our results reveal that pancreatic reactive stroma differentially upregulates glutamine and arginine metabolism in PCCs. The insights obtained from our work will lead to the development of targeted therapies for stroma and pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Joelle Baddour, Lifeng Yang, Juan C. Marini, Janusz Franco-Barraza, Edna Cukierman, Chaoxin Hu, Anirban Maitra, Deepak Nagrath. Metabolic influences of pancreatic tumor microenvironment on pancreatic cancer cell's metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3379. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3379
Regulation of β <sub>1</sub> -Integrin Function in Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Jiro Seki, Noriyuki Koyama, Nicholas L. Kovach, Ted Yednock, Alexander W. Clowes, John M. Harlan
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Avidity modulation and function of β 1 -integrin receptors in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were investigated using monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A2, which binds to the β 1 subunit of integrin heterodimers and induces a high avidity state. The adhesion of SMCs to extracellular matrix proteins, but not to poly- l -lysine, was enhanced by pretreatment with mAb 8A2. A qualitative alteration of β 1 integrin was assessed with mAb 15/7, which binds to an activation-dependent epitope on the β 1 subunit. Binding of mAb 15/7 was enhanced by mAb 8A2 in a dose-dependent manner. Arg-Gly-Asp peptide and soluble fibronectin also enhanced expression of the 15/7 epitope, suggesting that the 15/7 epitope is closely related to the ligand-occupied state of β 1 integrin. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and -BB increased SMC adhesion to type I collagen but did not augment mAb 15/7 binding, suggesting that PDGFs increase binding avidity by a postreceptor mechanism. In addition, mAb 8A2 inhibited PDGF-BB–induced SMC migration through Matrigel-coated filters. These results suggest that avidity modulation of β 1 integrin may play an important role in the function of SMCs.
European regulator defends tough stance on approving gene and cell therapies
Authors: E. Sukkar
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) believes that the level of regulatory requirements needed to approve “advanced therapy medicinal products” are appropriate, although only one product has been approved since new EU rules were brought in three years ago to help speed up their development.

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a term that comprises the much heralded gene and stem cell therapies, as well as tissue engineered products, that hold promise to cure a range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, and have the potential to build organs from cells.

Regulators and product developers, including academics, small and medium sized enterprises and drug companies, met in London last week to discuss the problems facing these products.

The main issues cited included their complex regulatory approval pathway, a lack of funding from risk adverse investors, the lack of appropriate animal models to show their effectiveness, and their long term safety risks such as unwanted immune responses or the …
Remembering World War I
Authors: Leonard J. Hoenig, Walter H. C. Burgdorf
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

1. Cohen DK, Nardone B, CottonM,West DP, Kundu RV. Use of a mobile application to characterize a remote and global population of acne patients and to disseminate peer-reviewed acne-related health education. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(6):660-662. 2. Bhatia AC. Reaching our wired patients: underutilization of mobile platforms for patient education and compliance. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(6):662. 3. Klasnja P, Pratt W. Healthcare in the pocket: mapping the space of mobile-phone health interventions. J Biomed Inform. 2012;45(1):184-198. 4. Brewer AC, Endly DC, Henley J, et al. Mobile applications in dermatology. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(11):1300-1304. 5. Rabin BA, Glasgow RE. Dissemination and implementation of eHealth interventions. In: Noar SM, Harrington NG, eds. eHealth Applications: Promising Strategies for Behavior Change.New York, NY: Routledge; 2012:221-245.
Coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease.
Authors: M Weissel
Journal: Gut (1995)

Coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid diseaseEDITor,-In their article Counsell et al state that the association between coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease is not astonishing given that the HLA haplotypes B8 and DR3 are found more commonly in both than in the general population (Gut 1994; 35: 844-6).Based on the results of their data obtained in patients with coeliac disease they even suggest a routine check for thyroid func- tion at presentation and a recheck if a gluten free diet fails to repair macrocytosis or symp- toms, or both.Screening patients with autoimmune thyroid disease for coeliac disease, as it has been performed by Collin et all and by our group2 also unveils a clinically possibly impor- tant association between the two diseases.We, therefore, agree also with their second suggestion that coeliac disease should be con- sidered in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.It seems noteworthy to me, however, to point out that patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis seem to have a higher risk of devel- oping coeliac disease than patients with Graves' disease.Patients with coeliac disease on the other hand also seem to develop hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's ?) rather than Graves' disease.Indeed, the young woman in our series of 27 patients with Hashimoto's disease, who was found to have oligosymptomatic coeliac disease was HLA-B8, DR 3 negative.This was not surprising, as we have shown earlier3 that the goitrous variant of this disease is associated with the HLA-DR5 haplotype.I therefore want to suggest that there must be another (additional ?) link between the two diseases.This in my view is even more plausible if you consider the reports that both, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and coeliac disease, may eventually result in lymphoma,4 5 whereas this has never been described in Graves' disease patients.
"Cabinet Door" Subdural Hematoma
Authors: A. R. Coppola
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Major trauma to the cranium may result in subdural or epidural hematoma. I have had two rather unusual cases within the past ten years that may conceivably interest the general medical profession. Both patients were older, gave no history of known trauma to the head, and only after demonstration of the subdural hematoma by arteriography recalled that each had struck a "cabinet door" (overhead) when arising from a crouched position several months earlier. In no instance had loss of consciousness occurred, although the injury had made each patient "see stars" for a few moments. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 55-year-old woman suffered severe headaches of one month's duration. Neurologic examination including funduscopic examination gave normal findings. X-ray films of the skull showed no fracture. Spinal puncture showed faintly xanthochromic fluid, and carotid arteriography showed a subdural hematoma. Further questioning disclosed that the patient had struck her head on a