tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Number of swine flu patients going into intensive care is rising
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The proportion of patients in hospital with swine flu who have been admitted to intensive care continues to rise in England, said the chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, last week.

In the week to 28 October 157 of 751 hospitalised patients with the illness (21%) had to go into intensive care, up from 63 of 840 patients (7.5%) in the last week of July, when the epidemic reached a peak before the school holidays began.⇓ ⇓





“There is an eerie similarity to what happened in Australia,” said Professor Donaldson at a press briefing on 29 October. At one point during Australia’s …
PSORIASIS AND CLIMATE
Authors: V. Pardo-Castello
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was much interested in your answer to Dr. Albert M. Crance of Geneva, N. Y., in Queries and Minor Notes (The Journal, June 2, p. 1873), concerning the frequency of psoriasis in tropical countries. Although I agree that the disease in question seems to be less frequent in the tropics, it is by no means a rarity. Kayser, quoted by Ormsby (Diseases of the Skin, New York, Lea &amp; Febiger, 1921, p. 261), states: "In the tropics, the subjects of psoriasis are few, and the symptoms of the disease, when they develop at all, are rudimentary, the typical eruption being scarcely ever produced." Kayser writes of the disease in the Dutch East Indies and his contentions may be true so far as they concern the colored races, in which psoriasis is very rare. In the whites residing in the tropics the disease is frequent and offers
Using Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Cancer to Aid Drug Development: An Industry Perspective
Authors: Mallika Singh, Leisa Johnson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Recent developments in the generation and characterization of genetically engineered mouse models of human cancer have resulted in notable improvements in these models as platforms for preclinical target validation and experimental therapeutics. In this review, we enumerate the criteria used to assess the accuracy of various models with respect to human disease and provide some examples of their prognostic and therapeutic utility, focusing on models for cancers that affect the largest populations. Technological advancements that allow greater exploitation of genetically engineered mouse models, such as RNA interference in vivo, are described in the context of target and drug validation. Finally, this review discusses stratagems for, and obstacles to, the application of these models in the drug development process.
Charles Basil Shaw Schofield
Authors: M. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (2014)

After graduating, Charles Basil Shaw Schofield served for two years in the Royal Army Medical Corps in the Allied Occupation of Germany (Ruhr), where he became aware of the extent of venereal diseases among the troops. The relatively recent discovery of penicillin made such a difference to the successful treatment of these stigmatised and destructive diseases that it greatly influenced his choice of future career.

After being demobbed Basil started work as a medical officer at Preston Hospital, North Shields, in the NHS on the day it was created in July 1948. He became registrar in venereology at ward 34, Newcastle General Hospital and qualified as an MD at Durham in 1952. For the next six years, he was senior registrar at ward 34.

In 1959 Basil became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and worked as consultant venereologist for Newcastle, North Shields, and South Shields until 1964, when, having been encouraged to apply for a more senior post, he and his family moved to Glasgow.

For the next 13 years he was consultant venereologist for Glasgow and the …
Lactate and P <scp>o</scp> <sub>2</sub> Modulate Superoxide Anion Production in Bovine Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Kamal M. Mohazzab-H., Pawel M. Kaminski, Michael S. Wolin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Lactate increases lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL)–detectable superoxide anion (O 2 • − ) generation in bovine vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, and a microsomal flavoprotein-containing NADH oxidase whose activity is regulated by P o 2 and cytosolic NAD(H) redox appears to be the detected source of O 2 • − production. Little is known about the importance of this O 2 • − -producing system in cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results In isolated bovine cardiac myocytes, lactate (10 mmol/L) increased lucigenin-detectable O 2 • − levels to ≈1.8 times baseline, whereas pyruvate (10 mmol/L) and mitochondrial probes did not increase the detection of O 2 • − . A nonmitochondrial NADH oxidase activity, found in microsomes containing a cytochrome b 558 , was a major source of O 2 • − production in the homogenate of myocytes, because NADH (0.1 mmol/L) increased basal lucigenin CL &gt;100-fold. NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, and xanthine oxidase were minor sources of detectable O 2 • − production. However, mitochondria released H 2 O 2 in the presence of 5 mmol/L succinate and 30 μmol/L antimycin, based on its detection as catalase-inhibitable luminol (+horseradish peroxidase)–elicited CL. Diphenyliodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of flavoprotein-containing oxidases, significantly attenuated basal, lactate, and NADH-elicited lucigenin CL. Hypoxia eliminated myocyte lucigenin CL, and posthypoxic reoxygenation caused an 8.6-fold increase in the detection of O 2 • − that was potentiated by lactate and inhibited by DPI. Conclusions NADH oxidase activity linked to cytosolic NAD(H) redox appears to be a key source of O 2 • − production in cardiac myocytes that could contribute to oxidant signaling mechanisms and injury upon exposure to changes in P o 2 and metabolites produced under hypoxia, such as lactate. These processes could contribute to the previously observed potentiation of injury caused by lactate in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion.
Der Fettsüchtige in der Selbsteinschätzung und im Urteil der Gesellschaft
Authors: J.E. Meyer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1968)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Der Fettsüchtige in der Selbsteinschätzung und im Urteil der Gesellschaft Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology J.E. Meyer J.E. Meyer Göttingen Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1968) 16 (4-5): 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285949 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J.E. Meyer; Der Fettsüchtige in der Selbsteinschätzung und im Urteil der Gesellschaft. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1968; 16 (4-5): 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285949 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1968Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Severe Hypophosphatemia Due to Hypokalemia
Authors: Nicholas J. Vianna
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Severe hypokalemia, induced by the chronic ingestion of licorice and hydrochlorothiazide, appears to have caused a marked increase in phosphate clearance, a decrease in tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and hypophosphatemia. A decrease in phosphate clearance and a return of the plasma phosphate concentration to normal levels occurred after correction of the potassium deficit.
Selective Hypoaldosteronism Due to an Endogenous Impairment in Angiotensin II Production
Authors: James W. Findling, Albert H. Adams, Hershel Raff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

ACQUIRED selective hypoaldosteronism is a clinical disorder characterized by aldosterone deficiency without an associated reduction in the adrenal production of cortisol. The clinical manifestations usually include hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, reflecting the diminished stimulation by aldosterone of renal potassium and hydrogen ion secretion.1 Selective hypoaldosteronism was initially described by Hudson et al. in 1957.2 In most of the patients described since then, the aldosterone deficiency has been attributed to a reduction in renin secretion (hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism). This entity has been observed in patients with chronic renal insufficiency associated with diabetes mellitus or interstitial nephropathies and has been reported in susceptible . . .
Effects of acute changes of bile acid pool composition on biliary lipid secretion.
Authors: N Carulli, P Loria, M Bertolotti, M Ponz de Leon, D Menozzi, G Medici, I Piccagli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To elucidate the mechanism responsible for the bile acid-induced changes of biliary lipid secretion, we evaluated bile flow and biliary output of bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and alkaline phosphatase activity in seven cholecystectomized subjects with a balloon occludable T-tube during two experimental periods: (a) depletion of the endogenous bile acid pool and (b) replacement of the pool by means of duodenal infusion with individual bile acids, such as deoxycholic (DCA), chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), cholic (CA), and ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) acids. Bile flow, cholesterol, and phospholipid output were linearly related to bile acid secretion in all experimental periods. During the replacement periods, the amount of cholesterol and phospholipids coupled to bile acids was significantly different (at 1% level at least) for each individual bile acid secreted; it was the highest during DCA secretion (slope value: 0.209 for cholesterol and 0.434 for phospholipids) followed, in the order, by CDCA (0.078 and 1.794), CA (0.044 and 0.127), and UDCA (0.030 and 0.122). The phospholipid to cholesterol ratio was higher during secretion of CA and UDCA as compared with DCA and CDCA. The secretion of CA seemed to stimulate a greater bile flow than the other bile acids did. The infusion of all bile acids, except UDCA, induced an increase of biliary alkaline phosphatase activity as compared with the values of the depletion period. The mean highest increase (13-fold the pretreatment value) was observed during DCA secretion followed by CDCA (fivefold) and CA (1.5-fold). These results would suggest that the physical chemical properties, namely the lipid-solubilizing capacity, of bile acids could directly contribute to the regulation of biliary lipid secretion. The observed changes in biliary alkaline phosphatase activity lend support to the view that bile acid-induced lipid secretion may be, at least in part, contributed by membrane solubilization.
Rheumatoid nodule of pharynx.
Authors: G T McInnes, C D Littman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Rheumatoid nodule of pharynxWe wish to report a case of a rheumatoid nodule in the pharynx.On reviewing the literature the only similar case was that mentioned but not reported in full by Gardner in 1968.1 Indeed, the only other example of a rheumatoid nodule in the upper alimentary tract was described in the tongue.2Case report
Detecting the effects of toxic agents on spermatogenesis using DNA probes.
Authors: N B Hecht
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Advances in the molecular biology of spermatogenesis suggest that DNA probes can be used to monitor the effects of toxic agents in male germ cells of mammals. Molecular hybridization analyses with DNA probes can provide a reproducible methodology capable of detecting changes ranging from massive deletions to single base pair substitutions in the genome of exposed individuals. A constantly increasing number of DNA probes that can be used to detect such alterations in human sperm DNA exist for both ubiquitously expressed proteins and for genes solely expressed in the testis. In this chapter, the currently available testicular stage-specific and/or cell type-specific DNA probes and the techniques by which they can be utilized in reproductive toxicology studies are discussed. The advantages, limitations, and future technological advances of this novel biological marker system for the human male reproductive system are also considered.
Risk of bacteremia in bleeding and nonbleeding gastric varices after endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate
Authors: R. Rerknimitr, J. Chanyaswad, P. Kongkam, P. Kullavanijaya
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. Rerknimitr et al., pp. 644Endoscopy 2008; 40(08): 797-797DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306859
Two Novel Equations to Estimate Kidney Function in Persons Aged 70 Years or Older
Authors: Elke S. Schaeffner, Natalie Ebert, Pierre Delanaye, Ulrich Frei, Jens Gaedeke, Olga Jakob, Martin K. Kuhlmann, Mirjam Schuchardt, Markus Tölle, Reinhard Ziebig, Markus van der Giet, Peter Martus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Chinese translation Background: In older adults, current equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are not validated and may misclassify elderly persons in terms of their stage of chronic kidney disease. Objective: To derive the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) equation, a novel estimator of GFR in elderly participants. Design: Cross-sectional. Data were split for analysis into 2 sets for equation development and internal validation. Setting: Random community-based population of a large insurance company. Participants: 610 participants aged 70 years or older (mean age, 78.5 years). Intervention: Iohexol plasma clearance measurement as gold standard. Measurements: GFR, measured as the plasma clearance of the endogenous marker iohexol, to compare performance of existing equations of estimated GFR with measured GFR of the gold standard; estimation of measured GFR from standardized creatinine and cystatin C levels, sex, and age in the learning sample; and comparison of the BIS equations (BIS1: creatinine-based; BIS2: creatinine- and cystatin C–based) with other estimating equations and determination of bias, precision, and accuracy in the validation sample. Results: The new BIS2 equation yielded the smallest bias followed by the creatinine-based BIS1 and Cockcroft–Gault equations. All other equations considerably overestimated GFR. The BIS equations confirmed a high prevalence of persons older than 70 years with a GFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (BIS1, 50.4%; BIS2, 47.4%; measured GFR, 47.9%). The total misclassification rate for this criterion was smallest for the BIS2 equation (11.6%), followed by the cystatin C equation 2 (15.1%) proposed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. Among the creatinine-based equations, BIS1 had the smallest misclassification rate (17.2%), followed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (20.4%). Limitation: There was no validation by an external data set. Conclusion: The BIS2 equation should be used to estimate GFR in persons aged 70 years or older with normal or mild to moderately reduced kidney function. If cystatin C is not available, the BIS1 equation is an acceptable alternative. Primary Funding Source: Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplatation (KfH) Foundation of Preventive Medicine.
AKT inhibition mitigates terminal differentiation and preserves central memory phenotype of CD8 T cells
Authors: Rasha Abu Eid, Kevin Friedman, Mikayel Mkrtichyan, Samir N Khleif
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts CD8 T cell response comprises effector and memory T cells. Effector CD8 T cells become terminally differentiated and are eliminated by apoptosis. Memory CD8 T cells encompass central (TCM) and effector memory T cells (TEM). TCM display a higher proliferative ability, express a
Clinical Characteristics and Functional Outcomes of West Nile Fever
Authors: John T. Watson, Peter E. Pertel, Roderick C. Jones, Alicia M. Siston, William S. Paul, Constance C. Austin, Susan I. Gerber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

West Nile fever, considered a nonsevere manifestation of West Nile virus infection, has not been clinically well described in the United States. In 2002, Illinois had 884 documented cases of West Nile virus infection with 66 associated deaths.To describe the symptoms and functional outcomes of West Nile fever.Case series.Illinois.98 community-dwelling patients with laboratory evidence of West Nile virus infection but no history of clinical evidence of meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis.Outpatient interviews.Presence and duration of patient-reported symptoms of infection, symptom-associated absenteeism, health care use, and impact on daily activities.Of 98 patients, 96% had fatigue for a median of 36 days, 81% had fever for a median of 5 days, 71% had headache for a median of 10 days, 61% had muscle weakness for a median of 28 days, and 53% had difficulty concentrating for a median of 14 days. Thirty respondents reported hospitalization, with a median stay of 5 days. At 30 days after onset, 63% of respondents continued to have symptoms. Duration did not vary significantly with increased age. Among the 72 patients who normally attended work or school, 57 (79%) could not attend because of illness (median absence, 10 days).Recall bias could have been introduced by the delay between illness onset and interview and by self-reporting of illness information.West Nile fever is a more severe illness than has previously been documented. Mandatory reporting of West Nile fever cases in addition to West Nile meningoencephalitis cases could allow more accurate and timely recognition of the geographic distribution of West Nile virus infections and could inform public health interventions.
Long-term safety experience of ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (Part I of II): Results from analyses of general safety parameters from pooled Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials
Authors: Mark Lebwohl, Craig Leonardi, Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Jörg C. Prinz, Philippe O. Szapary, Newman Yeilding, Cynthia Guzzo, Shu Li, Ming-Chun Hsu, Bruce Strober
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Competition watchdog sees sharp rise in inquiries from CCGs
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The regulator in charge of overseeing competition in the NHS in England has been deluged by inquiries from the new clinical commissioning groups confused at whether they need to tender services on the open market, said one of the regulator’s senior executives.

Catherine Davies, executive director of cooperation and competition at Monitor, said that the number of inquiries rose by 55% in the period May to July 2013 over the monthly average last year. This rise coincided with new laws on tendering for contracts …
Polio epidemic hits Uttar Pradesh
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Although thiopurines (TPs) have proven efficacy in the maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease (CD) and may reduce the need for intestinal surgery, their impact on perianal disease is not firmly established since previous trials have not evaluated the efficacy of TPs on perianal disease as a primary endpoint. Our aim was to examine the temporal trends in perianal surgery and TP use using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). <h3>Methods</h3> Using electronic primary care records, we performed a UK population based study. Incident cases of CD were identified between 1995 and 2009 from the nationally representative CPRD which contains clinical records and prescribing data for 13 million people in the UK and is a validated research database. Patients were included if they had been registered with a practice for greater than 12 months. The primary endpoint was first perianal surgery defined by READ/OXMIS coding. The cohort was divided into two defined historical era; era 1 (1995–2002) and era 2 (2003–2009). We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to establish the 5 year rates of first perianal surgery and trends in TP prescribing by era of diagnosis. Log-rank test for trend was used to compare survival outcomes between groups. <h3>Results</h3> 5235 patients met the diagnostic criteria for an incident case of CD. 2083 were diagnosed in era 1 (1995–2002) and 3152 in era 2 (2003–2009). The mean duration of follow up was 4.8 years/person. 56.3% of patients were female and median age at diagnosis was 38.5 years (IQR: 24.8–58.1 years). 124 patients underwent perianal surgery. The overall 5 year rate of perianal surgery was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.8–2.7%). Stratified by era of diagnosis the rate was lower in the more recent era: 2.7% (95% CI: 2.1–3.6%) and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2–2.3%) in era 1 and era 2 respectively (log-rank test for trend p = 0.03). Conversely, during the same period, the 5 year cumulative probability of receiving a TP increased between era 1 and era 2 from 29.1% to 42.2% (log-rank test for trend p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Over the 15 year study period, the risk of perianal surgery fell by one third which coincided with a one third increase in TP use during the same period. Other changes in IBD management are also likely to have contributed to this fall in surgery. Further studies to determine independent risk factors associated with perianal surgery are in progress. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Controversies Surround Heart Drug Study
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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