tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A highly informative probe for two polymorphic Vh gene regions that contain one or more autoantibody-associated Vh genes.
Authors: P P Chen, K A Siminovitch, N J Olsen, R A Erger, D A Carson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Efforts to determine the role of specific Ig variable region (V) genes in human autoimmune responses have been hampered by the lack of suitably polymorphic probes. Recently we isolated a heavy chain V (Vh) gene, designated Humhv3005, that is 99% homologous to the 1.9III Vh gene and can encode an anti-DNA antibody. To study the relation between these two genes, different DNA fragments from the isolated Humhv3005 clone were used to probe Southern blots of human genomic DNA. A 1.6-kb Eco RI fragment (designated hv3005/E1.6) was found to hybridize with only one band in Eco RI-digested DNA, and with two major bands in Bam HI-digested DNA. Importantly, the sizes of the latter two bands were indistinguishable from the corresponding Bam HI fragment sizes of the isolated hv3005 clone and the isolated 1.9III clone, respectively. Population and family studies with the hv3005/E1.6 probe revealed five different hybridization patterns of these two characteristic bands, which defined nine possible genotypes for two human Ig Vh gene loci. Together the data demonstrate that hv3005/E1.6 is a highly informative probe for an autoantibody-associated Vh gene(s), and should prove useful in elucidating the role of Ig Vh genes in autoimmune diseases.
STUDIES ON THE MAMMARY TUMORS OF DOGS
Authors: Charles Huggins, Peter Vincent Moulder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Spontaneous mammary tumors occur in middle aged or senile dogs and are of three principal pathological types; a diffuse epithelial and connective tissue overgrowth often with associated cartilage and bone; solid masses of epithelial cells; intracystic papillomatous tumors. The metastases in this series were always composed of papillary carcinomatous cysts; this tissue in transplants to abdominal connective tissue induced epithelial osteogenesis. All of the dogs with mammary tumors had lipid-rich suprarenal cortical tumors. The tumors frequently secrete a dilute milk with citric acid content considerably increased above serum levels; large numbers of colostrum corpuscles are present in this fluid. After weaning, normal parturient dogs undergo a complete cessation of mammary secretion; lactation persists considerably longer in dogs with mammary tumor than in normal dogs. Absence of suckling does not eliminate lactation in pseudopregnancy. The failure of the breast to lactate under the stimulus of prolactin signifies a lack of physiological maturity. The breasts of mature dogs have two types of response to ovariectomy; either great physiological involution results or lactation, actual or potential, is retained in areas for at least 3 to 6 months. Those in which excision of the ovaries does not cause prompt and great involution of the breast include all dogs with mammary tumors, all with pseudopregnancy, and certain dogs, presumably normal which we are unable to characterize further at this time. Excision of the suprarenal glands in addition to the ovaries usually did not completely eliminate lactation or the lactational potential.
Impact of Community-Based Maternal Health Workers on Coverage of Essential Maternal Health Interventions among Internally Displaced Communities in Eastern Burma: The MOM Project
Authors: Luke C. Mullany, Thomas J. Lee, Lin Yone, Catherine I. Lee, Katherine C. Teela, Palae Paw, Eh Kalu Shwe Oo, Cynthia Maung, Heather Kuiper, Nicole F. Masenior, Chris Beyrer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background Access to essential maternal and reproductive health care is poor throughout Burma, but is particularly lacking among internally displaced communities in the eastern border regions. In such settings, innovative strategies for accessing vulnerable populations and delivering basic public health interventions are urgently needed. Methods Four ethnic health organizations from the Shan, Mon, Karen, and Karenni regions collaborated on a pilot project between 2005 and 2008 to examine the feasibility of an innovative three-tiered network of community-based providers for delivery of maternal health interventions in the complex emergency setting of eastern Burma. Two-stage cluster-sampling surveys among ever-married women of reproductive age (15–45 y) conducted before and after program implementation enabled evaluation of changes in coverage of essential antenatal care interventions, attendance at birth by those trained to manage complications, postnatal care, and family planning services. Results Among 2,889 and 2,442 women of reproductive age in 2006 and 2008, respectively, population characteristics (age, marital status, ethnic distribution, literacy) were similar. Compared to baseline, women whose most recent pregnancy occurred during the implementation period were substantially more likely to receive antenatal care (71.8% versus 39.3%, prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.04]) and specific interventions such as urine testing (42.4% versus 15.7%, PRR = 2.69 [95% CI 2.69–3.54]), malaria screening (55.9% versus 21.9%, PRR = 2.88 [95% CI 2.15–3.85]), and deworming (58.2% versus 4.1%, PRR = 14.18 [95% CI 10.76–18.71]. Postnatal care visits within 7 d doubled. Use of modern methods to avoid pregnancy increased from 23.9% to 45.0% (PRR = 1.88 [95% CI 1.63–2.17]), and unmet need for contraception was reduced from 61.7% to 40.5%, a relative reduction of 35% (95% CI 28%–40%). Attendance at birth by those trained to deliver elements of emergency obstetric care increased almost 10-fold, from 5.1% to 48.7% (PRR = 9.55 [95% CI 7.21–12.64]). Conclusions Coverage of maternal health interventions and higher-level care at birth was substantially higher during the project period. The MOM Project's focus on task-shifting, capacity building, and empowerment at the community level might serve as a model approach for similarly constrained settings. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Failure of rifampicin and co-trimoxazole in Q fever endocarditis.
Authors: N I Subramanya, J S Wright, M A Khan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

toxigenic strains of Staph aureus that produced enterotoxin F were isolated from high vaginal swabs from each patient (see table ).Treatment with intravenous fluids and appropriate anti-staphylococcal antibiotics was followed by complete clinical resolution.Cases of toxic-shock syndrome: clinical features and properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated Case 1Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
Abstract 614: Increased oxidative DNA damage in human prostate cancer and its relationship to GSTP1 expression
Authors: Rajnee Kanwal, Pingfu Fu, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) has been described as a ‘caretaker’ gene, as it actively protects the cell from oxidative genome damage mediated by carcinogens and electrophilic compounds. Loss of GSTP1 expression via promoter hypermethylation is one of the most common epigenetic alterations observed in human prostate cancer. Silencing of GSTP1 can increase prostate epithelial cells more vulnerable to both oxidant and electrophile carcinogens and causes genetic aberrations leading to increased risk of tumor progression. Observations suggest that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes DNA damage in cells, as measured by 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), contribute to increased incidence of prostate cancer. However there are no studies which demonstrate correlation between GSTP1 protein/activity and DNA damage in prostate cancer. We took a panel of 24 human prostate specimens obtained after surgery which comprised of matched primary tumor and adjacent nontumorous (benign) prostate tissues. Oxidative DNA damage, GSTP1 protein expression and its activity, and GSTP1 promoter methylation was assessed. The 8-OHdG levels in DNA of prostate cancer tissues ranged from 0.307 to 0.609ng/μg DNA, whereas the levels in benign tissue range from 0.156 to 0.322ng/μg DNA, respectively. 8-OHdG and GSTP1 promoter methylation levels were higher in adenocarcinoma compared to their benign counterparts, which positively correlated with the loss of GSTP1 activity. The GSTP1 protein activity of prostate cancer tissues ranged from 738.2 to 1754.4ng/mg protein, whereas the levels in benign tissue range from 1728.6 to 2580.4ng/mg protein. The loss of GSTP1 expression in cells might increase their vulnerability to cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. In further experiments, human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells, which contains a silenced GSTP1 gene, was genetically modified to constitutively express high levels of GSTP1. Introduction of GSTP1 lowered endogenous ROS levels in LNCaP cells; treatment with H2O2 significantly reduced ROS and 8-OHdG in LNCaP-GSTP1 cells, compared to parental cell line. Furthermore, treatment with green tea polyphenols to LNCaP cells caused re-expression of GSTP1 which protected the cells from H2O2-mediated DNA damage compared to pretreated cells. These results suggest that oxidative stress-induced DNA damage may be an important measure for primary prevention of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 614. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-614
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Richard K. Mautner
Journal: JAMA (1979)

CORONARY artery bypass surgery still generates wide-spread controversy. There are divergent viewpoints among competent cardiologists regarding indications, risks, longterm results, and costs. Similarly, questions still arise concerning morbidity and mortality, risk, identification and importance of perioperative infarction, and long-term fate of the native and bypassed coronary vessels, as well as of the vein graft itself. Futhermore, long-term follow-up studies reaffirm the palliative nature of the procedure for the majority of patients. Amid this continuing controversy of the role of aortocoronary bypass in the treatment of various coronary artery disease syndromes, a new method for the treatment of myocardial ischemia has been introduced: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The method is particularly attractive because of its simplicity. Introduced by a preformed coronary catheter (similar to the standard catheters used for routine coronary angiography), a balloon-tipped catheter is advanced into the obstructed coronary artery segment, rapidly inflated (under 4 to 6 atm)
Darwin's Illness
Authors: P. B. MEDAWAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Medical History1 October 1964Darwin's IllnessP. B. MEDAWARP. B. MEDAWARSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-782 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrom time to time papers appear elsewhere which the editors believe would be of interest to the readers of theANNALS.The following article is such a one and is reproduced by permission from theNEWSTATESMAN,April 3, 1964. Dr. Medawar presents a fascinating new insight into the nature of the illness which was the background to the long years of Darwin's writing of theOrigin of Species—a subject touched upon editorially in theANNALSin February, 1963. Since this reproduction was planned, Dr. Medawar and we have learned of another paper on the same subject by Dr. Lawrence... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAn appraisal of Albert Einstein's chronic illnessThe ‘Exotic’ Systemic Parasitoses: Limited Geographical Distribution; Rarely Encountered in the UKReflections on Darwin's illness 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 782-787 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Conformal High Dose External Radiation Therapy, 80.5 Gy, Alone for Medically Inoperable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: James J. Urbanic, Andrew T. Turrisi, Anand K. Sharma, Gerard A. Silvestri, Todd E. Williams, Kenneth N. Vanek, Carol A. Sherman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Theophylline decreases pain in the ischaemic forearm test
Authors: B. JONZON, C. SYLVEN, L. KAIJSER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

To study the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine is a mediator of the ischaemic pain sensation, the effect of the adenosine receptor blocker theophylline (5.5 mg of the ethylendiamine salt·kg−1 intravenously) was tested in a placebo controlled double blind cross over study (placebo/theophylline/placebo or placebo/placebo/theophylline) in five healthy volunteers. Ischaemic work was performed with a spring loaded hand ergometer (1 Hz). The pain sensation was continuously reported using the Borg scale. Blood flow was measured by occlusion plethysmography. Pain was reported 18 (SEM 2.4) s after starting the ischaemic work and increased continuously to a maximum after 129(18) s (placebo). Theophylline at a plasma concentration of 75(7) μmol·litre−1 decreased the pain sensation in relation to working time. With theophylline, 12(3)% more work (p<0.01) was performed for the same reported pain estimate. Blood flow increased from a basal level of 52(9) to 495(55) ml·min−1·100 ml−1 30 s after work and returned to normal within 30–40 min. Theophylline did not affect blood flow. In conclusion, theophylline has a small but significant inhibitory effect on the ischaemic pain sensation compatible with a hyperalgesic effect of adenosine.
ON THE SO-CALLED MOTOR CENTERS IN THE HEMISPHERES OF THE CEREBRUM
Authors: Maurice Schiff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1878)

sensitive nerves.Or, we can suppose, with the majority of the physiologists, that the motor fibers of the diaphragm terminate in the medulla oblongata in a central point, and that the fibers of the cerebrum send continuations jowards this terminal point, thro igh
Mimeae Meningitis and Sepsis
Authors: William D. Donald
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A review of the English literature reveals 30 cases of meningitis and 45 cases of sepsis due to Mimeae organisms. The mortalities for the two conditions were 27% and 40% respectively. A petechial rash was noted in 30% of the meningitis cases. Some underlying disease was frequently present in the cases of sepsis, whereas most of the cases of meningitis occurred in younger, otherwise healthy individuals. The clinician should be aware of the ability of Mimeae infections to mimic meningococcal infections and also of the variable antibiotic sensitivity of these organisms.
Milk hypersensitivity – key to poorly defined gastrointestinal symptoms in adults
Authors: L. Pelto, S. Salminen, E.‐M. Lilius, J. Nuutila, E. Isolauri
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Lactose intolerance is a common adverse reaction to milk in adults, while milk hypersensitivity is a disorder of infancy. We hypothesized that milk hypersensitivity may cause many unspecific gastrointestinal disorders in adults. Twenty adults were subjected to double‐blind, placebo‐controlled milk challenge. Phagocyte activity, and Fc γ and complement receptor expression of phagocytes were assayed, and serum total IgE. milk‐specific IgE, and serum reactivity to milk protein were determined. The challenge increased phagocyte activity and complement receptor expression of phagocytes in subjects designated miUc‐hypersensitive, who had gastrointestinal symptoms from milk ingestion but normal lactose tolerance. The increase was not detected in lactose‐intolerant or control subjects. The milk‐hypersensitive group was also distinguished from the lactose‐intolerant group by enhanced serum reactivity to milk protein. Only two out of nine milk‐hypersensitive subjects had detectable milk‐specific serum IgE. It is concluded that milk hypersensitivity in adults, occurring as gastrointestinal reactions, may be more common than previously thought.
THE INDIVIDUAL ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY OF ANTIBODIES TO STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: Dietmar G. Braun, Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Although a single electrophoretically uniform antibody component with specificity for the group carbohydrate may comprise the bulk of the gamma-globulin in rabbits immunized with streptococcal vaccines, this is not always the case. Not infrequently, electrophoresis may reveal multiple antibody components. Nevertheless, it has been feasible by various preparative procedures to isolate from a single antiserum at least two antibody components with similar reactivity for the carbohydrate both of which are electrophoretically monodisperse. Light chains from such antibodies reveal a restricted pattern when examined by disc electrophoresis. Antibodies to streptococcal carbohydrates have been examined for their individual antigenic specificity. Goats were immunized with isolated Group C and Group A-variant antibodies raised in rabbits. Individual antigenic specificity of these antibodies was brought out by absorption of the goat anti-antiserum with Fr II of pooled normal rabbit sera. Additional absorption of the goat anti-antisera with Fr II diminished but did not eliminate the reactivity for the homologous antibody. Immunoelectrophoretic studies with papain fragments of purified streptococcal antibodies localized the specificity to the Fab fragment. Specificity was not confined to the isolated light chains of the antibody.
Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation in Anticipation of Death in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Deborah Cook, Graeme Rocker, John Marshall, Peter Sjokvist, Peter Dodek, Lauren Griffith, Andreas Freitag, Joseph Varon, Christine Bradley, Mitchell Levy, Simon Finfer, Cindy Hamielec, Joseph McMullin, Bruce Weaver, Stephen Walter, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In critically ill patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation, the factors associated with physicians' decisions to withdraw ventilation in anticipation of death are unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical determinants that were associated with the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. We studied adults who were receiving mechanical ventilation in 15 intensive care units, recording base-line physiological characteristics, daily Multiple Organ Dysfunction Scores, the patient's decision-making ability, the type of life support administered, the use of do-not-resuscitate orders, the physician's prediction of the patient's status, and the physician's perceptions of the patient's preferences about the use of life support. We examined the relation between these factors and withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, using Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. Of 851 patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation, 539 (63.3 percent) were successfully weaned, 146 (17.2 percent) died while receiving mechanical ventilation, and 166 (19.5 percent) had mechanical ventilation withdrawn. The need for inotropes or vasopressors was associated with withdrawal of the ventilator (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.66; P=0.004), as were the physician's prediction that the patient's likelihood of survival in the intensive care unit was less than 10 percent (hazard ratio, 3.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.39 to 8.79; P=0.002), the physician's prediction that future cognitive function would be severely impaired (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.28 to 4.94; P=0.04), and the physician's perception that the patient did not want life support used (hazard ratio, 4.19; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.57 to 6.81; P<0.001). Rather than age or the severity of the illness and organ dysfunction, the strongest determinants of the withdrawal of ventilation in critically ill patients were the physician's perception that the patient preferred not to use life support, the physician's predictions of a low likelihood of survival in the intensive care unit and a high likelihood of poor cognitive function, and the use of inotropes or vasopressors.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CONCENTRATION OF BILIRUBIN WITH CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BILIRUBIN AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR AND LIPID/GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Authors: Satoshi Yoshino, Shuichi Hamasaki, Sanemasa Ishida, Tetsuro Kataoka, Akiko Yoshikawa, Naoya Oketani, Keishi Saihara, Takuro Takumi, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Preventive strategies and research for ultraviolet-associated cancer.
Authors: H K Koh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Ultraviolet (UV)-associated cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Approximately 90% of nonmelanoma skin cancer and 65% of melanoma are attributable to UV exposure and theoretically could be eliminated by primary prevention measures. Safe sun strategy includes use of sunscreens, use of protective clothing, minimization of exposure from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M., and avoidance of tanning parlors. Although more definitive data in human populations on the effectiveness of sunscreens to prevent melanoma and skin cancer are needed, sunscreens are thought to reduce risk. Safe sun prevention must start in childhood and adolescence when people receive most of their UV exposure. Secondary prevention through professional and public education and early detection may further reduce melanoma mortality.
Septicaemia after Colonoscopy Due to an Iliac Artery Aneurysm
Authors: K.D. Vellacott
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Transient bacteraemia following colonoscopy is very rare after colonoscopy though endotoxaemia without clinical consequences may occur in about 9% of patients (1, 2). An unusual case of septicaemia after colonoscopy associated with an iliac artery aneurysm is reported.
San Francisco as a Medical Center
Authors: WM. J. KERR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 March 1932San Francisco as a Medical CenterWM. J. KERR, M.D., F.A.C.P.WM. J. KERR, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-9-1178 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur visitors to the San Francisco session will find a cosmopolitan city, young in point of years but already rich in tradition; modern in external appearance but retaining the charm of earlier days. Marks of the period of Spanish occupation are still evident in its family and place names; in its Mission, which was founded in 1776; and in some of its most cherished customs. Among its population are large racial groups who have brought their culture from many European and Asiatic countries and have retained their individuality to influence the life and thought of this community.Attracted by the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1932Volume 5, Issue 9Page: 1178-1195 Issue Published: 1 March 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...