tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase and Amplitude Imaging in the Diagnosis of Acute Right Ventricular Damage in Inferior Infarction
Authors: R LISBONA, A SNIDERMAN, V DERBEKYAN, I LANDE, R BOUDREAU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Right ventricular infarction is not uncommon in patients with inferior myocardial infarcts. Phase and amplitude analysis of equilibrium gated cardiac blood pool studies is useful in documenting right ventricular damage complicating left ventricular infarction. In 15 of 37 patients with acute inferior infarction, right ventricular extension of the infarct was demonstrated by this approach, complementing the findings of infarct avid imaging with Tc-99m pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PYP).
Significance of antinuclear factors in older persons.
Authors: R F Willkens, R R Whitaker, R V Anderson, D Berven
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

Ozone is a major environmental pollutant inducing severe pulmonary damages. We have compared the effect of ozone on mice subjected to acute (1 ppm, 1 h) and chronic (1.5 ppm, 1 h, twice weekly for 6 weeks) ozone exposure. Our investigations focused on lesions of the lung tissue, inflammation and hyperreactivity using both conventional methods, and a novel digital imaging histological approach based on machine learning programs. Acute exposure caused disruption in the respiratory epithelium with leakage of protein and recruitment of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar space, leading to lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. All these parameters were also increased upon chronic exposure. Digital imaging analysis allowed to quantify accurately structural changes occurring in the bronchiolar epithelium. Acute exposure mainly induced a significant decrease of epithelium area and thickness in agreement with its desquamation. Chronic exposure caused significant increase of epithelial, bronchial and lumen areas, unlike acute exposure. Morphological changes of epithelial bronchi were accompanied by a significant increase of peribronchial collagen content under both acute and chronic exposure. However, unlike acute exposure, chronic exposure resulted in a significant increase of the area and diameter of airspaces, but a decrease in their number, all of which reflecting the presence of emphysema. In conclusion, the digital imaging approach provides reliable quantitative analysis of pulmonary structural changes which, in combination with functional approaches, allows a comprehensive analysis of the effects of ozone on lung tissue.
DNA needs to be protected by law
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The United Kingdom's genetics watchdog has hinted that the only way to prevent someone getting hold of another person's genetic information without their knowing may be to make DNA theft a criminal offence.

Members of the Human Genetics Commission have said that when they present a report to ministers in April there is a “strong possibility” that one of their key recommendations will be to make it illegal for someone to obtain a sample …
An extra cysteine in one of the non-calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like motifs of the FBN1 polypeptide is connected to a novel variant of Marfan syndrome.
Authors: C Ståhl-Hallengren, T Ukkonen, K Kainulainen, U Kristofersson, T Saxne, K Tornqvist, L Peltonen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We present here a family with a clinical phenotype resembling Marfan syndrome (MFS), and displaying joint contracture and episodes of knee joint effusions, but lacking the cardiovascular features of the syndrome. The phenotype of this family represents a unique mixture of connective tissue symptoms, some of which are found in classical MFS and some of which are typical of dominant ectopia lentis. Linkage analyses suggested a linkage (LOD score 2.4; theta = 0) between the phenotype of the family and a polymorphic marker in the vicinity of the fibrillin locus on chromosome 15 (FBN1). Furthermore, a novel transition mutation was identified in the FBN1 gene in all the affected members of the family. In contrast to the majority of fibrillin mutations reported so far, this mutation substitutes a cysteine for arginine, producing an extra cysteine in one of the non-calcium-binding EGF-like motifs of the fibrillin polypeptide, most probably disturbing the formation of one of the three disulfide bridges known to be essential for the normal conformation of this motif.
Cross-reactivity of human and murine anti-DNA antibodies with heparan sulfate. The major glycosaminoglycan in glomerular basement membranes.
Authors: P Faaber, T P Rijke, L B van de Putte, P J Capel, J H Berden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

In 30 of 33 human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera and in 10 sera from MRL/l mice with spontaneous SLE, antibodies against heparan sulfate were detected. The anti-heparan sulfate titers showed a significant correlation with the anti-DNA antibody titers. By inhibition studies it was demonstrated that heparan sulfate could inhibit the binding of anti-DNA antibodies to DNA, whereas DNA could block the binding to heparan sulfate. That this reaction is due to crossreactivity of anti-DNA antibodies was further substantiated by the finding that two monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies also bound to heparan sulfate. Antibodies eluted from human and mouse kidneys with diffuse SLE glomerulonephritis showed a similar binding to DNA and heparan sulfate when these eluted antibodies were tested in vitro. Heparan sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan constituent of the glomerular basement membrane. Our findings suggest that heparan sulfate might serve as a target antigen in vivo for cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies.
Cancer Surveillance Series: Changing Geographic Patterns of Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States, 1950 Through 1994
Authors: S. S. Devesa, D. J. Grauman, W. J. Blot, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Geographic surveys revealing variations in lung cancer mortality rates across the United States have prompted epidemiologic studies in high-risk communities. We have updated these maps to track the changing patterns and to provide further clues to the determinants of lung cancer. METHODS: Age-adjusted race- and sex-specific lung cancer mortality rates from 1950 through 1994 were calculated for nine Census Divisions and 508 State Economic Areas of the United States. RESULTS: Pronounced geographic variation in lung cancer rates was evident, with the patterns changing substantially over time. Among white males in the 1950s and 1960s, high rates were observed in urban areas of the northeast and north central states and in areas along the southeast and Gulf coasts. By the 1970s, the northern excess began to fade, with high rates starting to cover wider areas of the south. By the 1980s to the mid-1990s, clustering of elevated rates was prominent across the southeast and south central areas, with relatively low rates throughout much of the northeast. Among white females, little geographic variation was evident in the 1950s, but thereafter relatively high rates began to appear in clusters along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. For both sexes, consistently low rates were seen in the mountain and the plains states. Rates among blacks were consistently elevated in northern areas and low across the south. CONCLUSIONS: The changing mortality patterns for lung cancer generally coincide with regional trends in cigarette smoking, indicating that public health measures aimed at smoking prevention and cessation should have a dramatic effect in reducing lung cancer rates.
Treatment with Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) in Diabetic Subjects Pretreated with Pork or Beef Insulin: First Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: J Beyer, F Enzmann, M Lauerbach, P Althoff, W Bachmann, K Brandstetter, U Cordes, A Dannehl, G Düntsch, R Haas, K Heun, L Kerp, N Lotz, H Mehnert, H-J Mitzkat, K Petersen, C Rosak, D Sailer, K Schlüter, K Schöffling, K E Schröder, P Schumm, T Weber
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

In two double-blind studies 66 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects pretreated with pork insulin were changed to human insulin (recombinant DNA) or a purified pork insulin preparation (regular and NPH insulin). Sixty-five patients previously pretreated with beef insulin were transferred, in a randomized, double-blind fashion, to human insulin and purified beef insulin of the same preparations (regular and NPH insulin). Patients’ metabolic control, as demonstrated by fasting and 1-h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, and daily insulin dosage, over 4 mo was unchanged in our four groups compared with the values before changing insulin preparation. No severe hypoglycemic attacks or skin reactions were reported.
Extrahepatic replication of duck hepatitis b virus: More than expected
Authors: Kazuhiko Hosoda, Masao Omata, Katsuo Uchiumi, Fumio Imazeki, Osamu Yokosuka, Yoshimi Ito, Kunio Okuda, Masao Ohto
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Replication of duck hepatitis B virus in extrahepatic tissue such as pancreas, kidney and spleen has been well documented. To assess whether there is more widespread extrahepatic virus replication, we assayed brain, heart, lung, thymus, pancreas, kidney, spleen and intestine of 1- to 16-wk-old ducklings for the presence of duck hepatitis B virus DNA and mRNA by blotting and in situ methods. Replicative intermediates and single-stranded duck hepatitis B virus DNA and RNA transcripts were detected in the brain, lung, heart, intestine, kidney, pancreas and spleen. In situ hybridization showed evidence of viral replication in the lung epithelium, germinal center of spleen, acinar cell of pancreas and tubular epithelium of kidney. These data suggest that extrahepatic duck hepatitis B virus replication is more widespread than previously thought. It is yet to be determined whether widespread extrahepatic replication is unique to duck hepatitis B virus infection or is a common feature of other mammalian hepatitis B-like viruses.
Presentation of a Basic Defense Program
Authors: Donald E. Currier, Charles H. Bradford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE Civil Defense Act of 1950 has created authority for plans and preparations against the emergency of atomic war, but without unstinted public co-operation, no amount of planning can be successful. The Massachusetts Medical Society has already expressed its desire to aid in defense planning through its Committee on Emergency Medical Service. It has also announced its hearty endorsement of the Civil Defense Act and of the appointment of Dr. Vlado A. Getting, Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Health, to take charge as chief of the medical aspects of civil defense. As a guide for promoting further co-operation, it is now . . .
Cisplatin Resistance Associated with PARP Hyperactivation
Authors: Judith Michels, Ilio Vitale, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Julien Adam, Ken André Olaussen, Oliver Kepp, Laura Senovilla, Ibtissam Talhaoui, Justine Guegan, David Pierre Enot, Monique Talbot, Angélique Robin, Philippe Girard, Cédric Oréar, Delphine Lissa, Abdul Qader Sukkurwala, Pauline Garcia, Parviz Behnam-Motlagh, Kimitoshi Kohno, Gen Sheng Wu, Catherine Brenner, Philippe Dessen, Murat Saparbaev, Jean-Charles Soria, Maria Castedo, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Non–small cell lung carcinoma patients are frequently treated with cisplatin (CDDP), most often yielding temporary clinical responses. Here, we show that PARP1 is highly expressed and constitutively hyperactivated in a majority of human CDDP-resistant cancer cells of distinct histologic origin. Cells manifesting elevated intracellular levels of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins (PARhigh) responded to pharmacologic PARP inhibitors as well as to PARP1-targeting siRNAs by initiating a DNA damage response that translated into cell death following the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, PARP1-overexpressing tumor cells and xenografts displayed elevated levels of PAR, which predicted the response to PARP inhibitors in vitro and in vivo more accurately than PARP1 expression itself. Thus, a majority of CDDP-resistant cancer cells appear to develop a dependency to PARP1, becoming susceptible to PARP inhibitor–induced apoptosis. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2271–80. ©2013 AACR.
Observations on electrode-tissue interface temperature and effect on electrical impedance during radiofrequency ablation of ventricular myocardium.
Authors: D E Haines, A F Verow
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The purpose of this study was to correlate changes in electrical impedance with the electrode-tissue interface temperature and to characterize the associated events occurring at the catheter tip electrode. In a canine model, lesions were created in vitro (n = 49) and in vivo (n = 31) and radiofrequency power settings were varied. Electrode-tissue interface temperature, delivered current, and voltage were recorded, and impedance was calculated. A sudden rise in electrical impedance was seen in only two of 17 ablations in vitro and in one of 16 ablations in vivo with a peak electrode-tissue interface temperature of less than 100 degrees C compared with 29 of 32 ablations in vitro (p = 0.0001) and 12 of 15 ablations in vivo with a temperature of more than 100 degrees C (p = 0.0001). This phenomenon was associated with the observation of boiling and popping at the tip in in vitro preparations and tissue avulsion and thrombus formation on the catheter tip in in vivo studies. The lesion size was directly proportional to the peak temperature for all ablations but not to the peak power, current, or voltage during radiofrequency catheter ablation in the heart. Maintaining electrode-tissue interface temperature at less than 100 degrees C during radiofrequency catheter ablation in the heart may avoid the complications associated with the sudden rise in electrical impedance.
Antitussives in Jeopardy
Authors: Burton M. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. William Barclay's EDITORIAL, Antitussives in Jeopardy (224:621, 1973), is a well-ballanced analysis of the current status of the evaluation of one of the two most widely prescribed classes of proprietary medications. That most cough medications have been sanctioned by usage alone, and not by critical study, does not necessarily reflect poorly upon the pharmaceutical industry, appropriate governmental advisory and regulatory bodies, the prescribing physician, or the medicinals themselves. One cannot quarrel with the insistence of the Food and Drug Administration for objective evidence of the worth of antitussives, in accordance with the 1962 Harris-Kefauver amendments. Patient symptom diaries are poor estimates because most individuals are unaware of diurnal changes in their own coughs, misjudge the effects of treatment, and demonstrate a poor correlation between such self-appraisal and other methods of evaluation.  Dr. Barclay's presentation does, however, err in stating that neither practicing physicians nor pharmaceutical industry
Steroid hormone abnormalities in women with severe idiopathic constipation.
Authors: M A Kamm, M J Farthing, J E Lennard-Jones, L A Perry, T Chard
Journal: Gut (1991)

Patients with severe idiopathic constipation are almost exclusively women of reproductive age. To investigate the possibility of a sex hormone abnormality in this condition, we have compared a range of sex hormones during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 23 healthy women (mean age 33 years) with those in 26 patients with severe idiopathic constipation (mean age 32 years, spontaneous bowel frequency less than one per week). In the patients there was a reduction in the follicular phase of progesterone (4.5 v 4 nmol/l, p = 0.006, median value, controls v patients), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (9.7 v 5.8 nmol/l, p = 0.01), cortisol (387 v 245 nmol/l, p = 0.008), testosterone (2.3 v 1.8 nmol/l, p less than 0.001), androstenedione (10.3 v 8.4 nmol/l, p = 0.02), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (5.1 v 3.0 mumol/l, p = 0.03). In the luteal phase there was a reduction of oestradiol (483 v 350 pmol/l, p = 0.015), cortisol (322 v 242 nmol/l, p = 0.047), and testosterone (2.4 v 1.7 nmol/l, p = 0.003). The concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin, prolactin, luteinising hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly different in either phase of the cycle. Women with severe idiopathic constipation have a consistent reduction in steroid hormones.
Getting better value from the NHS drug budget
Authors: J. C. Moon, A. S. Flett, B. B. Godman, A. M. Grosso, A. S. Wierzbicki
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS wastes billions on "me too" drugs that confer little or no added therapeutic benefit. <b>James Moon and colleagues</b> propose a way to restructure healthcare prescribing to get better value for money and persuade drug companies to invest in developing innovative drugs
Politics and Medical Care in Sweden: The Seven Crowns Reform
Authors: Budd N. Shenkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract The 1970 Seven Crowns Reform in Sweden instituted a uniform low outpatient fee for patients, abolished fee-for-service outpatient work, put all government-employed physicians on full salary, and equalized salaries among different specialties. Five basic problems lay behind the formulation of the Reform: rising costs; high physician incomes; physician elitism; inequality in ambulatory clinics; and cumbersome insurance. Objective analysis was not heavily involved in the Reform. It was carried through by politicians more than administrators. The party in power, the administrators, and several classes of physicians benefited, and several classes of physicians lost. Although the popular picture of Sweden as a country planning rationally was not strengthened in this case, its reputation for valuing equality highly was confirmed.
Carotid body and sympathetic activation in heart failure: a story of sensors and sensitivity
Authors: R. A. Torres
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The carotid body (CB) is a peripheral chemoreceptor organ that contains clusters of electrically excitable secretory cells, the glomus cells, which express several types of membrane ion channels that influence its excitability. These cells act as sensors or chemotransducers, detecting different chemical stimuli and triggering an action potential in the afferent fibres that lie in synaptic apposition. The main stimulus for glomus cells are constant falls in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), in opposition to the highly sensitive partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) chemoreceptors at the central nervous system (CNS). The afferent nerve supply of the CB, which is accompanied by the afferent fibres from carotid sinus baroreceptors, provides a highly O2-dependent input to the CNS.1 CB exhibits great sensitivity to hypoxia (low threshold and high gain) that is accompanied by great resistance to its deleterious effects, being possible to detect nervous activity up to 30 min after an animal's death; owing to this fact, the CB has been called ‘ultimum moriens’ (the last to die).2

In chronic heart failure (CHF) the sympatho-humoral activation that, at the initial phases of this syndrome, is directed to attenuate systemic hypoperfusion may ultimately exacerbate the progression of cardiac dysfunction that subsequently increases the extra-cardiac abnormalities, a positive feedback cycle of progressive deterioration, or less euphemistically, a vicious cycle with ominous consequences. … 

Corresponding author. Tel: +34 93 2746212; fax: +34 93 2746244. E-mail address : rioaguilar{at}pulso.com
Identification and expansion of a unique stem cell population from adult mouse gallbladder
Authors: Rohan Manohar, Junji Komori, Lynda Guzik, Donna B. Stolz, Uma R. Chandran, William A. LaFramboise, Eric Lagasse
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The identification of resident stem cells in the mouse gallbladder is, to date, unexplored. In addition, the relationship between adult gallbladder stem cells and intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) cells is not well understood. The aim of this study was to isolate stem cells from an adult mouse gallbladder and determine whether they were unique, compared to IHBD cells. By limiting dilution analyses and index sorts, we found that an EpCAM(+) CD49f(hi) epithelial cell subpopulation from primary gallbladder is enriched in colony-forming cells, compared to EpCAM(+) CD49f(lo) cells. EpCAM(+) CD49f(hi) cells expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD133, and stem cell antigen-1, but were negative for lineage markers CD31, CD45, and F4/80. Using a novel feeder cell-culture system, we observed long-term (>passage 20) and clonal expansion of the EpCAM(+) CD49f(hi) cells in vitro. In a matrigel differentiation assay, EpCAM(+) CD49f(+) cells expanding in vitro underwent organotypic morphogenesis forming ductular structures and cysts. These structures are similar to, and recapitulate a transport function of, primary gallbladder. EpCAM(+) CD49f(+) cells also engraft into the subcutaneous space of recipient mice. We compared primary gallbladder and IHBD cells by flow cytometry and found phenotypic differences in the expression of CD49f, CD49e, CD81, CD26, CD54, and CD166. In addition, oligonucleotide microarrays showed that the expanded EpCAM(+) CD49f(+) gallbladder cells and IHBD cells exhibit differences related to lipid and drug metabolism. Notable genes that were different are cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, Indian hedgehog, and solute carrier family genes.We have isolated an epithelial cell population from primary mouse gallbladder with stem cell characteristics and found it to be unique, compared to IHBD cells.
Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: A. I Adler, E. J Shaw, T. Stokes, F. Ruiz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Management of type 2 diabetes is complex and aims to prevent and reduce the impact of complications by encouraging a healthy lifestyle, controlling blood pressure and blood lipids, and lowering blood glucose concentrations. In recent years new drugs have become available for blood glucose control, including the long acting insulin analogues (insulin detemir and insulin glargine); glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics (exenatide); and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin). In addition, safety concerns have surfaced recently about the use of the thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone). This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the use of newer agents for control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes1 and updates the relevant section of the NICE clinical guideline on the management of type 2 diabetes.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### DPP-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones DPP-4 inhibitors stabilise concentrations of endogenous glucagon-like peptide and increase insulin secretion. [ Based on evidence ranging from low to moderate quality from randomised controlled trials; a meta-analysis; current NICE guidance 2 ; and a health economic analysis ]
High fat and alcoholic diets increase hepatic EMH, osteolysis and spontaneous metastases by orthotopic mammary tumors
Authors: Anand Dusad, Saraswoti Khadge, Geoffrey M Thiele, Ted R Mikuls, Michael J Duryee, Holly C Britton, Lynell W Klassen, Alicia J Dafferner, Tracy Farrell, Timothy R McGuire, Carlos D Hunter, Karen C Easterling, Barbara J O'Kane, John G Sharp, James E Talmadge
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts High-fat diets and chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) can both induce a low-grade inflammation. We report that when CAC (16.6% of total calories) is administered in combination with the Lieber-DeCarli high-fat diet an additive myeloid response is induced. This increase in