tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In brief
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

An out of court settlement reached between Israel's tobacco monopoly, the Dubek Tobacco Company, and 80 smokers suing it for compensation in a class action suit, has aroused surprise and anger in the government.

The deal, reached after being approved by the majority shareholder of Dubek, Zorah Gehl, was leaked to the press only three days after the justice ministry learned of it.

Under the proposed settlement—which requires government approval and probably the passage of legislation to be implemented—a public compensation fund for victims of Dubek's products and their families would be established. The fund would dispense several billion dollars among tens of thousands of Israelis over the next two decades or more.

Government maximum price controls on tobacco products would also be eliminated, allowing the companies to raise prices as much as necessary to cover the costs of compensation each year; and minimum prices would be set so that imported cigarettes would not be significantly less expensive than local brands.

Dubek did not concede any guilt for causing disease but declared that it “volunteered” to funnel the money for “humanitarian and humane reasons.”

The unprecedented and highly controversial agreement goes beyond the scope of the $250bn (£180bn) agreement signed three years ago between US tobacco companies and individual states, under which the former have compensated the latter for costs incurred in treating smokers' illnesses.

The Dubek compromise, reached by lawyers Gidi Frishtik for the plaintiffs and Yehiel Gutman for the defendant (Dubek), would be the first class action suit in the world to compensate directly individuals who contracted tobacco related diseases. Frishtik said that it could serve as a model for similar cases in other countries.

The justice ministry's state attorney's office complained that “Dubek is not offering or agreeing to pay anything from its own pocket. According to the proposed agreement, compensation [for health damages] will be financed by the public by raising the price of cigarettes and from tax money.” The office said that Dubek would in effect get immunity from lawsuits by individuals whose health has been damaged by smoking, and from health funds and the state, which have to pay out as a result.
Soft tissue sarcomas in adults and children: a comparison
Authors: W. Lawrence
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

In most cases, soft tissue sarcomas in children are quite different from soft tissue sarcomas in adults and require a different approach to staging and treatment. Dr. Lawrence, Professor of Surgery and Director Emeritus of the Massey Cancer Center at the Medical College of Virginia, provides his insight into the differences and similarities in the clinical management of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas in adults.
476 Prospective evaluation of the 24 hour interferon (IFN) induced decline in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 load to predict sustained virologic response (SVR) to peginterferon-Alfa2A/ribavirin combination therapy with or without amantadine
Authors: P. Ferenci, E. Formann, M. Gschwantler, H. Laferl, H. Brunner, F. Hackl, R. Hubmann, R. Stauber, A. Gangl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The Ro/SSA autoantigen as an immunogen. Some anti-Ro/SSA antibody binds IgG.
Authors: M J Mamula, O F Fox, H Yamagata, J B Harley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The rheumatic disease autoantigen, Ro/SSA, was immunogenic to a rabbit host. The heteroimmune rabbit serum bound the Ro/SSA particle in immunoblots and in an ELISA. Both the rabbit anti-Ro/SSA and a human prototype anti-Ro/SSA serum also bound IgG; and moreover, IgG inhibited both rabbit and human anti-Ro/SSA activity. Anti-IgG activity of the rabbit and human anti-Ro/SSA sera bound Ro/SSA by Western blot and solid-phase assays. In addition, purified Ro/SSA inhibited the anti-IgG activity of the anti-Ro/SSA sera from rabbit and man. Affinity purification of the IgG- and Ro/SSA-binding fractions of the rabbit anti-Ro/SSA demonstrated that both the anti-Ro/SSA and anti-IgG activities were concentrated in these fractions. These data show that Ro/SSA and IgG share epitopes that are bound by anti-Ro/SSA antibody. Inhibition experiments suggest that this antibody is found in most human anti-Ro/SSA autoimmune sera and that the epitope(s) are found in the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG.
Measuring and Improving the Quality of Dying and Death
Authors: Donald L. Patrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Improving end-of-life experience is a major challenge to successful aging. Deaths that are reasonably free of discomfort, in accordance with patients' wishes, and within acceptable professional and ethical standards are high-quality deaths. The authors developed a 31-item measure of the quality of dying and death and applied it in a community sample and a sample of hospice enrollees. Scores on the Quality of Dying and Death Instrument and measures of perceived quality of care were collected from patients' loved ones after death. Higher overall after-death ratings of the quality of care received from all providers and from physicians were associated with higher-quality dying and death. How well patients' symptoms were controlled in the community study and how well wishes were followed and treatments were explained in the hospice study were associated with higher-quality dying. Major challenges to end-of-life research include recruiting representative population samples, given widespread reluctance of patients and loved ones to participate in research at the end of life; important variation in evaluations among different reporters after death; reluctance of loved ones to assign negative evaluations to dying experiences after death; and the highly individual and dynamic nature of dying experiences. Overcoming these challenges is of great importance in the search for the social, organizational, and individual determinants of high-quality dying in the U.S. cultural and health care context.
Premature Rupture of Membranes not Followed by Miscarriage.
Authors: John W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor Jour. Am. Med. Assoc'n:</h3> —I remember reading inThe Journalsome months ago of two cases in which premature rupture of the membranes was not followed by the usual result—a miscarriage. A case having come under my observation recently, I will record it, not for the purpose of going into a discussion of the subject, but as a mere statement of facts. Mrs. R., multipara. White, 28 years of age; pregnant for fourth time; had, when about five and one-half months advanced, a severe fall—followed by an unmistakable flow of quite a quantity of the amniotic fluid. As no pain followed, the treatment was simply rest in bed for twenty-four hours; after this she felt so well that she resumed her household duties. Pregnancy went to full term and a normal labor terminated in the birth of a strong healthy ten pound child. Such cases are, I
The Role of Physicians
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The United States is moving forward with health care reform in an unplanned fashion that reflects its belief in entrepreneurial capitalism. Steps are being taken in two areas toward an era in which doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers will combine to form a variety of new organizations. In the private sector, payers and providers are channeling patients into managed-care plans, a growing number of which are controlled by large insurance companies1. At the same time, in the public sector, the Clinton administration's sweeping reform proposals are accelerating collaboration among providers. In this report, I shall discuss the . . .
Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusive Renal Artery Disease and Hypertension
Authors: Eugene F. Poutasse
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Of 617 hypertensive patients selected for renal angiography at the Cleveland Clinic, 173 were found to have occlusive disease of one or both renal arteries. Surgical treatment was performed in 126, with relief of hypertension in about 62% of these patients. In recent years the majority of patients have had vascular reconstructive procedures with salvage of renal function. The important diagnostic tests in discovering those hypertensive patients who had renal artery occlusive disease were the intravenous urogram and renal angiography; 6 diagnostic signs revealed by urography were recognized and a simple, safe, effective method of renal angiography by translumbar aortography was used in all cases. Six distinct pathologic groups of occlusive lesions were found in the renal arteries, and these are correlated with their corresponding angiographic findings.
Late Cardiac Effects of Doxorubicin Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, Steven D. Colan, Richard D. Gelber, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Stephen E. Sallan, Stephen P. Sanders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Cardiotoxicity is a recognized complication of doxorubicin therapy, but the long-term effects of doxorubicin are not well documented. We therefore assessed the cardiac status of 115 children who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with doxorubicin 1 to 15 years earlier in whom the disease was in continuous remission.
Abstract P4-15-02: The PI3K inhibitor GDC-0032 enhances the efficacy of standard of care therapeutics in PI3K alpha mutant breast cancer models
Authors: D Sampath, MA Nannini, G Jane, R Hong, KL Parsons, M Belvin, LS Friedman, JJ Wallin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that activate the PI3K signaling pathway and play an essential role in regulating breast tumor cell growth, migration, and survival. Activating and transforming mutations in the PIK3CA gene (PI3K alpha) are commonly found in HER2+ breast cancer and ER+ breast cancer. GDC-0032 is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor with a Ki of 0.29 nM for PI3K alpha with 30 fold less inhibition of PI3K beta. In addition, GDC-0032 has increased single agent activity against PI3K alpha mutant and HER2 amplified cancer models in vitro and in vivo. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of GDC-0032 in breast cancer models in combination with standard of care therapeutics including taxanes, endocrine therapies, and HER2 targeted therapies. We evaluated cell viability for a range of dose concentrations of GDC-0032, as single agent and in combinations, in eleven breast cancer cell lines that harbor mutations in PI3K alpha (K111N, E545K, H1047R) and/or over-expressed HER2. GDC-0032 was combined with taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), endocrine therapies (fulvestrant and tamoxifen) or anti-HER2 agents (trastuzumab, pertuzumab or ado-trastuzumab-emtansine) and synergy quantified using the Chou and Talalay method of Combination Index (C.I.). The combination of GDC-0032 with taxanes, endocrine therapies or anti-HER2 therapies were synergistic in the breast cancer cell lines tested based on C.I. values of less than 1.0. The combination of GDC-0032 with docetaxel in vitro resulted in decreased viability as a result of increased cell death. The in vitro results translated in vivo as GDC-0032 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of docetaxel and paclitaxel in MCF7 (E545K) xenografts that resulted in increased tumor regressions when GDC-0032 was dosed daily or intermittently on the same schedule as the taxane. In addition, the combination of GDC-0032 and fulvestrant or tamoxifen resulted in greater efficacy in the MCF7 xenograft model when compared to either agent alone. Enhanced efficacy was also observed when GDC-0032 was combined with trastuzumab or ado-trastuzumab-emtansine in the HER2+ BT474M1 (K111N) xenograft model. Moreover, the triple combinations of GDC-0032/trastuzumab/pertuzumab or GDC-0032/trastuzumab/docetaxel resulted in durable tumor regressions that were sustained in the HER2+ KPL-4 (H1047R) and BT474M1 xenograft models, respectively. All drug combinations with GDC-0032 were well tolerated in vivo based on minimal changes in body weight. Collectively, our preclinical data demonstrate that GDC-0032 enhances the efficacy of standard of care therapeutics in PI3K alpha mutant breast cancer models and provides a strong rationale for further evaluation in patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-15-02.
Gastric Fundus Impression Caused by Splenic Vessels: Detection by Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: T. Rösch, R. Lorenz, A. v. Wichert, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

When a submucosal impression of the stomach fundus is seen during upper GI endoscopy, a true submucosal tumor can reliably be differentiated from an extragastric impression by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). We report on 15 patients in whom EUS identified splenic vessels near the splenic hilum causing an impression of the posterior wall of the gastric fundus. Neither by EUS nor conventional ultrasound, computed tomography or clinical follow-up, was a tumor in the stomach or upper abdomen that could have been the cause of the gastric wall impression, identified. Two of the 15 patients had portal hypertension with multiple intra-/paramural venous collateral vessels. Twenty patients examined for other reasons and 10 patients with portal hypertension but without fundic impressions, served as controls: In these cases the splenic vessels were shown by EUS to follow a course more distant to the gastric wall. Thus, normal vascular structures should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastric fundus impression detected by endoscopy.
Abstract 768: MCL1 and glycolysis synergistically induce prednisolone resistance, which can be therapeutically reversed
Authors: Ingrid M. Ariës, Rosanna van den Dungen, Rob Pieters, Monique L. Den Boer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although cure rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have greatly improved, contemporary treatment is still ineffective in 20% of patients. Unsuccessful treatment can be mainly ascribed to resistance towards antileukemic drugs. In particular prednisolone is highly associated with poor prognosis. Overcoming drug resistance is therefore necessary to increase current survival rates. Microarray analysis of precursor B-ALL patients revealed MCL1 as an important gene involved in prednisolone resistance (Holleman, N Engl J Med 2004). We demonstrated sensitization towards prednisolone after lentiviral silencing of MCL1 in prednisolone resistant leukemic cell lines (Stam, Blood 2009). These results point to MCL1 as an interesting candidate for targeted therapy. We also discovered that cells upregulate their glucose consumption level to protect from prednisolone induced apoptosis. 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, sensitized for prednisolone in leukemic cell lines and patients’ cells (Hulleman, Blood 2009). We here provide evidence for an inter-connection between MCL1, glycolysis and prednisolone resistance. A clear increase in glucose consumption was observed after targeting MCL1 in leukemic cells by both lentiviral silencing and mRNA antagonists. This suggests that cells upregulate glycolysis to prevent apoptosis induced upon MCL1 knockdown. Indeed, co-exposure to 2DG substantially decreased the proliferation rate of MCL1-silenced cells, and most importantly, synergized with silencing of MCL1 in reversing resistance to prednisolone. Altogether these data provide evidence for concomitant causes of resistance and indicate that MCL1 silencing and glycolysis inhibition can serve as potent ways to reverse resistance to prednisolone in acute leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 768. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-768
Whole-body heat treatment stimulates antigen-specific T cell responses in human system
Authors: Yasunobu Kobayashi, Yusuke Ito, Mayuko Sakai, Masanori Matsushita, Kenichiro Imai, Koichi Shimizu, Atsushi Aruga, Keishi Tanigawa
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Previous studies in mice have showed that fever-range thermal stress (approx. 38.5-40.5 degrees C) stimulates a variety of T cell functions ex vivo and in vivo. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of increase in core body temperature in human system on the function of
Questions with inconclusive answers
Authors: S. Ewig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

To the Editor: 

I read with great interest the study by Prats et al. 1 entitled “Effects of antibiotics on protected specimen brush sampling in ventilator-associated pneumonia” recently published in the European Respiratory Journal . The study demonstrated that the effect of antimicrobial treatment on the diagnostic yield of the bronchoscopically retrieved protected specimen brush (PSB) must be identified according to the microorganism involved. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae seemed particularly vulnerable to antimicrobial treatment, whereas Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii seemed more resistant. But what do these findings implicate in terms of the usefulness of PSB in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)? Are we to withhold antimicrobial treatment prior to diagnostic …
585 Computer-performed optical analysis of conventional helical CT of the liver could predict liver fibrosis staging in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: E GOMEZGONZALEZ, M ROMEROGOMEZ, M VERAVALENCIA, R CORPAS, M SANTAMARIABURGOS, J LUQUE, V CASTELLANOMEGIAS, L SANCHEZ, R AZNAR, M FERNANDEZLOPEZ
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
1040 A PHASE 3 SAFETY AND EFFICACY STUDY COMPARING IMMUNOGENICITY OF TWO DOSES OF HBsAg COMBINED WITH IMMUNOSTIMULATORY SEQUENCE WITH THREE DOSES OF LICENSED HEPATITIS VACCINE
Authors: M.L. Pecoraro, J.T. Martin, S. Halperin, F. Diaz-Mitoma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Acid-Fast Smears in Tuberculosis Detection
Authors: KENNETH A. BORCHARDT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 March 1976Acid-Fast Smears in Tuberculosis DetectionKENNETH A. BORCHARDT, PH.D., ROBERT GELBER, M.D., VERONICA BOTCH, B.S., M.T. (A.S.C.P.)KENNETH A. BORCHARDT, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT GELBER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VERONICA BOTCH, B.S., M.T. (A.S.C.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-344_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Boyd and Marr (Ann Intern Med82:489-492, 1975) on the ineffectiveness of the acid-fast smear of expectorated sputum as a screening method for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis calls for our comment. They reported that 55% of positive smears represented falsely positive results. An evaluation of our data indicated that between 1965 and 1974, 17 663 specimen requests were processed. Only 50 could be classified as unresolved (positive smear with a negative culture), and, of these, 40 represented patients with activeMyco-bacterium lepraeinfections. During this period our clinical microbiology laboratory found 301 specimens... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENNETH A. BORCHARDT, PH.D.; ROBERT GELBER, M.D.; VERONICA BOTCH, B.S., M.T. (A.S.C.P.)Affiliations: Sections of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease U.S. Public Health Service Hospital San Francisco, California 94118 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOccupational Hazards to Hospital PersonnelWILLIAM B. PATTERSON, M.D., DONALD E. CRAVEN, M.D., DAVID A. SCHWARTZ, M.D., EDWARD A. NARDELL, M.D., JEAN KASMER, M.D., JOHN NOBLE, M.D. 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 344-344KeywordsClinical microbiologyResearch laboratoriesSputum ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparative Real-Time Effects on Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation Under Flowing Conditions of In Vivo Aspirin, Heparin, and Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Against Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa
Authors: Nancy A. Turner, Joel L. Moake, Suraj G. Kamat, Andrew I. Schafer, Neal S. Kleiman, Robert Jordan, Larry V. McIntire
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background A real-time in vitro system of human platelet thrombosis under arterylike flowing conditions similar to those produced in vivo by angioplasty would be useful for the evaluation of potential antiarterial thrombotic agents in association with in vivo trials. Aspirin, heparin, and the chimeric monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment 7E3 (c7E3 Fab) directed against platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa have been used in attempts to delay or prevent thrombotic reocclusion of coronary arteries after angioplasty. We compared the effects of these agents administered in vivo on GPIb-mediated platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (vWF)/collagen type I (as in atherosclerotic subendothelium) and on subsequent GPIIb-IIIa–fibrinogen/vWF–mediated platelet aggregation under flowing conditions analogous to those in constricted coronary arteries. Methods and Results Citrated whole blood containing mepacrine-labeled platelets from patients and healthy donors was perfused for 1 minute at an abnormally elevated shear rate of 1500 seconds −1 (arterial wall shear stress of 50 to 60 dynes/cm 2 ) at 37°C over collagen I/vWF. The number of adherent fluorescent platelets was quantified every 15 seconds with a low-light-level video camera and epifluorescent microscopy. After 5 healthy donors had ingested 975 mg aspirin, platelet adhesion was unaffected in the aspirin-treated blood compared with the control blood in all experiments (10 of 10), and subsequent aggregation was unchanged in most runs (8 of 10). The blood of 3 aspirin-treated patients undergoing angioplasty was analyzed before and after a 12 000-U heparin injection and 2 minutes, 2 hours, and 24 hours after infusion of 0.25 mg/kg of c7E3 Fab. In these patients, the bolus of heparin did not inhibit either platelet adhesion to collagen I/vWF or subsequent aggregation. In contrast, there was &gt;50% inhibition of platelet aggregation 2 minutes after the infusion of c7E3 Fab in all 3 patients, and inhibition persisted in 2 of the 3 patients at 2 hours and 24 hours after c7E3 Fab. Conclusions In contrast to aspirin or heparin, the in vivo injection of c7E3 Fab considerably reduces platelet aggregate formation mediated by the binding of fibrinogen, vWF, or some other ligand to platelet GPIIb-IIIa under conditions of abnormally increased shear stress analogous to those in narrowed coronary arteries. Platelet adherence to collagen I/vWF is not affected. This study describes an in vitro model of arterial injury (similar to angioplasty) that uses human blood to compare directly, in real time, the precise relative effects of aspirin, heparin, and c7E3 Fab on platelet adhesion and subsequent aggregation.