tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Web Sites with Misinformation about Illicit Drugs
Authors: Edward W. Boyer, Michael Shannon, Patricia L. Hibberd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

pox subsequently developed in a close contact of their children, whereas 30 percent of parents of 195 children whose PCR test was positive reported that chickenpox had developed in a close contact.Both of these findings support our contention that the children who did not have a positive PCR test were not infected with varicella-zoster virus.
Microscopic Hematuria in Adolescents and Young Adults and Risk for End-stage Renal Disease--Reply
Authors: A. Vivante, K. Skorecki, R. Calderon-Margalit
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TYPHOID FEVER IN THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In Cuba our army met as its most formidable enemy one of the most dreaded of all infectious diseases—yellow fever. The Cuban invasion was characterized by hasty action, a lack of organization, and inadequate preparation. The last crippled the medical department and is responsible for the early and extensive outbreak of yellow fever. In less than two weeks after our army landed in Cuba, yellow fever made its appearance, and almost simultaneously attacked the troops from Siboney, the base of invasion, to the trenches before Santiago. In less than two weeks from its appearance nearly 500 fever cases, most of them yellow fever, impaired the fighting force and seriously taxed the limited resources of the medical department. Fortunately for the army, that type of the disease was mild, the number of deaths few as compared with some of the epidemics in the past. Under the circumstances, it was fortunate
Metered-Dose Inhalers: The Specified Number of Sprays
Authors: A. Bergner, W. A. Greisner, R. K. Bergner
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Asthma morbidity and mortality rates are on the rise and their causes are currently being addressed.<sup>1</sup>The appropriate role and use of β-agonist inhalers are being questioned.<sup>2</sup>We would like to call attention to a problem associated with the use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). As is shown in the Table, MDIs contain sufficient medication for a specified number of inhalations.<sup>3</sup> We believe that some of the exacerbations of asthma in our patients occurred when they continued to use their MDIs beyond the specified number of sprays. As an inhaler is used, "the dose emitted by a large number of valves currently used seems to decline as the product is exhausted."<sup>4</sup>When about 15% of the original amount of sus pension remains, the meter chamber does not fill uniformly and subsequent doses fall below acceptable limits.<sup>4</sup>The liquid propellant and decreasing doses of
Attenuation of the ethanol-induced hepatic redox change after chronic alcohol consumption in baboons: Metabolic consequencesin vivo andin vitro
Authors: Mikko P. Salaspuro, Spencer Shaw, Elizabeth Jayatilleke, William A. Ross, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Acute ethanol administration results in increased hepatic NADH/NAD + ratio and inhibition of galactose elimination, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and fatty acid oxidation. To determine how this redox change is affected by chronic alcohol consumption and to assess the resulting metabolic consequences, we studied baboons which were fed alcohol as 50% of their total calories. Redox changes were evaluated through measurement of galactose elimination in vivo and lactate/pyruvate ratios in liver slices in vitro . The metabolic consequences of these changes were assessed through measurement of CO 2 production and fatty acid oxidation in liver slices and hepatic lipid accumulation. Chronic alcohol feeding resulted in attenuation of inhibition of galactose elimination, increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio, and decrease in fatty acid oxidation which were caused by acute ethanol administration. These metabolic adaptations were associated with reduced accumulation of hepatic fat.
Letter from . . . Chicago: Primary health-care crises.
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Pharmaceutical quality systems (PQS) according to ICH Q10 require the identification of processes that need to be measured. Designing and maintaining a metrics system in a way that serves its purpose well requires careful consideration of various aspects in order to meet expectations. The purpose of using key performance indicators (KPIs)/Metrics can be defined by main aspects that include: a. supporting the achievement of objectives by making them measurable, b. reaching comparability and/or standardization of performance for organizational units, c. achieving objectiveness in assessing performance. The first two aspects are closely linked to management responsibilities. Therefore, management needs to be strongly involved with the activities of setting up and maintaining a metrics system. This paper provides an overview of the points to be considered when setting up and managing a quality-related metrics system.
Doctors call for end to misleading advertising about private screening
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Private companies that market health screening tests to the general public need to be better regulated to prevent people being exploited and the NHS being burdened with patients having unnecessary tests and procedures, the BMA and the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges have said.

A letter sent to England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, by Hamish Meldrum, the BMA’s chairman, and Neil Douglas, chairman of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, says that safeguards do exist to ensure that …
Genome-wide prediction of transcription factor binding sites using an integrated model
Authors: Kyoung-Jae Won, Bing Ren, Wei Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

We present an integrated method called Chromia for the genome-wide identification of functional target loci of transcription factors. Designed to capture the characteristic patterns of transcription factor binding motif occurrences and the histone profiles associated with regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers, Chromia significantly outperforms other methods in the identification of 13 transcription factor binding sites in mouse embryonic stem cells, evaluated by both binding (ChIP-seq) and functional (RNA interference knockdown) experiments.
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in taiwan: Studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, Peter Karayiannis, Martin J.F. Fowler, Jon Monjardino, Yun-Fan Liaw, Howard C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in serum was measured by a Spot hybridization technique in a consecutive series of 79 cases with chronic HBV infection from Taiwan. HBV DNA was found in 96.3% (52/54) of HBeAg-positive, 66% (2/3) with neither HBeAg or anti-HBe and in 63.6% (14/22) of anti-HBe positive patients. The levels of HBV DNA in the HBe-Ag-positive patients were significantly higher than in the anti-HBe positive patients (median, 944 vs. 58 pg per ml, p less than 0.001). The mean ages increased from 28.7 years for the cases with high levels of HBV DNA, to 34.7 years for those with low levels (p less than 0.01) and to 41.0 years in those without HBV DNA in serum (p less than 0.05 when compared with those with low level of HBV DNA). Ninety per cent of patients (27/30) with high levels of HBV DNA showed only minor hepatic inflammatory activity, as did 91% (10/11) of those without HBV DNA. In contrast, histologic signs of chronic active hepatitis or chronic lobular hepatitis were demonstrated in 76% of cases (29/38) with low levels of HBV DNA. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that liver damage occurs during the period of clearance of hepatocytes supporting HBV replication, and are inconsistent with the view that HBV may be directly cytopathic. Thus, the natural history of chronic HBV infection may be divided into three phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Accuracy of Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Asymptomatic Patients after Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Philip S. Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To evaluate, by meta-analysis, the accuracy of ultrasound screening for deep venous thrombosis in patients after orthopedic surgery. Data Sources: The MEDLINE database from January 1982 to October 1993. Bibliographies of retrieved articles and recent journal publications were searched independently and using Current Contents. Study Selection: All articles evaluating the use of venous ultrasound imaging (B-mode, duplex, and color Doppler) compared with standard contrast venography for detecting deep venous thrombosis. We excluded abstracts, early reports of studies later reported in full, and studies in which venography was not done in all patients. Seventeen of 30 identified studies were eligible. Data Extraction: Eligible articles were reviewed for the presence of three key criteria necessary for evaluating the accuracy of the diagnostic tests: 1) previously established objective criteria for venography and ultrasound, 2) independent blinded comparisons of venography and ultrasound, and 3) prospective evaluations of consecutive patients. Studies including all three key criteria were defined as level 1 (minimized bias) studies; otherwise, they were defined as level 2 studies. Data Synthesis: In level 1 studies, ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 62% (95 of 153; 95% CI, 54% to 70%), a specificity of 97% (CI, 96% to 98%), and a positive predictive value of 66% (95 of 144; CI, 58% to 74%) for detecting proximal thrombi. For level 2 studies, the sensitivity was 95% (CI, 87% to 99%), the specificity was 100% (CI, 99% to 100%), and the positive predictive value was 100% (CI, 94% to 100%). Differences between level 1 and level 2 studies appeared to be related to bias in study design. Conclusions: Venous ultrasound imaging has only moderate sensitivity and a moderate positive predictive value when used to screen for deep venous thrombosis in patients after orthopedic surgery; thus, ultrasound imaging may have limitations as a screening test.
Enterovirus Vaccines for an Emerging Cause of Brain-Stem Encephalitis
Authors: Peter C. McMinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71), which can cause brain-stem encephalitis, has caused approximately 2000 deaths in the past decade. New vaccines represent an exciting development in the global response to the emergence of EV71 as a cause of severe neurologic disease.
Alkaline Phosphatase In Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Yeu-Tsu N. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The value of using abdominal paracentesis and peritoneal lavage to detect acute intraabdominal pathologic conditions is well reported in the literature. The appearance, color, odor, pH, amylase levels, cell counts, and bacteriological examinations of the fluid can be used to detect bleeding, evidence of perforated viscus, pancreatitis, peritonitis, strangulated bowel, etc. Root et al<sup>1</sup>showed that an elevated white blood cell count (more than 2,000/cu mm) in the peritoneal fluid is significant for the diagnosis of ruptured viscera. The interval from time of peritoneal injury to initial appearance of leukocytes in the aspirated fluid is about two hours. Mansberger<sup>2</sup>reported that elevated ammonia levels above 3.0 μg/cc in peritoneal fluid could rule out pancreatitis and suggested the presence of strangulated, perforated ulcers, lacerated intestine, or urinary extravasation. Another possible test of the peritoneal fluid for evidence of intestinal perforation is suggested here. During the course
FOUR CASES OF INTERCURRENT ERYSIPELAS IN MELANCHOLIA.WITH RAPID RECOVERY OR GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN EACH CASE.
Authors: ARTHUR W. ROGERS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Introduction.</h3> —Recoveries from the acute psychoses as given by different authorities vary all the way from 50 to 80 per cent. The course of treatment in the great majority of these cases is necessarily prolonged, requiring from three to twelve months' time, and calls for the utmost patience and perseverance on the part of the family, the physician and the nurse. However, it occasionally transpires that some inter-current disease or some unforeseen agency interferes to cut short an attack of mental disease and we have known instances where factors, otherwise considered etiologic, have been responsible for a sudden favorable turn in the disease. The shock following surgical operations has in many predisposed individuals produced insanity. Typhoid fever and other exhausting diseases also play their part in bringing about a state of mental derangement. In some instances shock alone, traumatic, surgical or emotional, is responsible for the development of a favorable mental
Novel use of a self-expanding metal stent for an esophageal stricture after radiofrequency ablation treatment of Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Traci Murakami, Bhaskar Banerjee, Nuri Ozden
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective and safe in the treatment of Barrett's esophagus [1]. The incidence of esophageal stricture after RFA treatment is reported to be up to 8 % [2]. Stricture rates may be increased with RFA of long-segment Barrett's esophagus. Strictures are treated endoscopically with balloons or Savary dilators; however, there is a risk of perforation with these treatments. We report on the successful treatment of a patient with a stricture following RFA using a self-expanding metal stent (SEMS).
Human retroviral infections in The Gambia: prevalence and clinical features
Authors: D C W Mabey, R S Tedder, A S B Hughes, P T Corrah, S J F Goodison, T O'Connor, F C Shenton, S B Lucas, H C Whittle, B M Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) is lower in west Africa than in other parts of Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV 2) has been isolated from west African patients and may be transmitted by heterosexual contact. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV 1 and HIV 2 was studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among various groups of subjects in The Gambia, west Africa--namely, prostitutes, blood donors, patients with suspected infection with HIV, patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, and patients with tuberculosis. Four cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to infection with HIV 1 were detected, of which three had been acquired abroad. No other subject was found to be positive for antibodies to HIV 1. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV 2 among the patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases was found to have increased from 0/117 in 1984 to 10/185 (5%) in the last six months of 1986. One out of 278 blood donors was positive for antibodies to HIV 2 as were 10 out of 80 patients with suspected AIDS. HIV 2 seems to be transmitted sexually, and, although it has been present for only a short time, it seems to be endemic in The Gambia and is pathogenic.The prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) is lower in West Africa than in other parts of Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV 2) has been isolated from West African patients and may be transmitted by heterosexual contact. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV 1 and HIV 2 was studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among various groups of subjects in The Gambia, West Africa. These subjects included prostitutes, blood donors, patients with suspected infection with HIV, patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, and patients with tuberculosis. 4 cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to infection with HIV 1 were detected, of which 3 had been acquired abroad. No other subject was found to be positive for antibodies to HIV 1. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV 2 among the patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases was found to have increased from 0/117 in 1984 to 10/185 (5%) in the last 6 months of 1986. 1/278 blood donors was positive for antibodies to HIV 2 as were 10/80 patients with suspected AIDS. HIV 2 seems to be transmitted sexually, and, although it has been present for only a short time, it seems to be endemic in The Gambia and is pathogenic.
Establishment of two distinct human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines from a single nodule showing clonal dedifferentiation of cancer cells
Authors: Hirohisa Yano, Akihiro Iemura, Kazunori Fukuda, Atsushi Mizoguchi, Makoto Haramaki, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hepatocellular carcinomas often contain tumor cells of more than one histological grade. The clonal relationship and biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in histologically heterogeneous areas have not been fully explored. We established two distinct human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HAK-1A and 1B) from a single nodule showing a three-layered structure with a different histological grade in each layer. Morphologically, HAK-1A and 1B resembled well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the outer layer of the original tumor and poorly differentiated ones in the inner layer, respectively. HAK-1B appeared less differentiated morphologically and more aggressive biologically than HAK-1A; HAK-1B had a shorter doubling time, higher tumorigenicity and an aneuploid DNA index. Chromosome analysis revealed many different abnormalities in the two cell lines, in which, however, two identical structural abnormalities (2q+ and 17p+) were identified. Moreover, sequence analysis of the p53 gene showed identical mutations at codon 242 in both cell lines. These findings suggest that the two cell lines are of clonal origin and that hepatocellular carcinomas consisting of cancerous tissues of more than one histological grade may reflect clonal dedifferentiation in the tumor. Furthermore, we predict that a clonal, morphologically less differentiated subpopulation such as HAK-1B is more aggressive in proliferation and may be closely related to subsequent tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Medical Educators Confront the Future
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

MEDICAL EDUCATORS are becoming more aggressive in their efforts to come to grips with the inevitable changes affecting their world. At the annual meeting of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), in Washington, DC, President Jordan J. Cohen, MD, presented a plan for dealing with "a new era of constrained resources and heightened accountability for the nation's health care." The title of the 20-page report, released at the meeting, is<i>Taking Charge of the Future—The Strategic Plan for the Association of American Medical Colleges</i>. Even as it affirms that "[a]cademic medicine's central challenge is the preservation of its societal missions in the midst of a complex and unduly market-driven transformation of the health care system," the AAMC report states that "[w]e must be prepared to change whatever is out of alignment with contemporary realities, all the while upholding the values and beliefs responsible for our past successes and essential
Neutropenia induced by systemic infusion of 5,12-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: correlation with its in vitro effects upon neutrophils.
Authors: J T O'Flaherty, M J Thomas, S L Cousart, W L Salzer, C E McCall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

5(S), 12(S)-Dihydroxy-cis-14,trans-6,8,10-eicosatetraenoate (compound I), 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-cis-14,trans-6,8,10-eicosatetraenoate (compound II), and 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-cis-6,14,trans-8,10-eicosatetraenoate (compound III) were prepared from rabbit peritoneal neutrophils challenged with arachidonic acid plus ionophore A23187. Each arachidonate metabolite caused rabbit neutrophils to aggregate and, in cells treated with cytochalasin B, release granule-bound enzymes. Compound III was 10- to 100-fold more potent than compounds II and I. When intravenously infused into rabbits at doses of 100--1,000 ng/kg, compound III induced abrupt, profound, transient neutropenia associated with a rapidly reversing accumulation of neutrophils in the pulmonary circulation. This in vivo action correlated closely with the ability of the fatty acid to activate neutrophils in vitro: neutropenia, aggregation, and degranulation occurred at similar doses of stimulus and the rapid, reversing kinetics of the neutropenic response paralleled the equally rapid, reversing formation of aggregates. The fatty acid did not alter the circulating levels of lymphocytes or platelets and did not aggregate platelets in vitro. At comparable doses (i.e., 100--1,000 ng/kg), compounds I and II did not cause neutropenia. Thus, compound III possesses a high degree of structural and target-cell specificity in stimulating neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. Clinical and experimental syndromes associating neutropenia with increased levels of circulating arachidonate metabolites may involve compound III as a mediator of neutrophil sequestration in lung.
Hypertrophy of the Turbinate.
Authors: J. G. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Brookings, S. D., March 4, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —After reading with interest the article of Dr. Kuyk inThe Journalof March 2, in which he describes his method of dealing with hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, I am prompted to describe a method which has proved successful in my hands. The observations of Dr. Kuyk on such points as excessive removal of tissue, the destruction of the function of mucous glands, etc., are wise. I would discard entirely the cautery for this work and make use of methods which are more truly surgical. The class of cases in which the cautery is still advised I believe can be treated more satisfactorily and with fewer objectionable results by the method which I have been using. I refer to those chronically swollen turbinates which shrink under the application of adrenalin and give free breathing space. The turgescence is accounted for
Raynaud Phenomenon-Reply
Authors: Edmund L. Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  In reply to the letter of Drs Schatz and Gifford concerning the eventual prognosis of Raynaud phenomenon, my experience is more consistent with that reported by DeTakats and Fowler 1 and Sackner 2 who reported that in the majority of patients other manifestations of a connective tissue disorder eventually develop. This difference may be due to patient selection since I am primarily interested in rheumatic diseases and Drs Schatz and Gifford are more interested in vascular diseases. Consequently we are referred different patients.  I agree that the patient with only Raynaud phenomenon should not be informed that her symptoms will invariably progress to a connective tissue disorder; however, the physician should keep this possibility in mind in his long-term follow-up.  I hope this resolves the conflicting data.