tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of flurbiprofen in detrusor instability.
Authors: L D Cardozo, S L Stanton, H Robinson, D Hole
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Thirty women with detrusor instability (27 cases idiopathic, and three secondary to multiple sclerosis) completed a double-blind, cross-over trial of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor flurbiprofen and a placebo, results being evaluated by questionnaire and cystometry. Frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence were all significantly reduced with flurbiprofen (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.025, and P less than 0.025 respectively), as was the detrusor-pressure rise during bladder filling (P less than 0.01). Side effects, however, occurred in 13 patients while taking flurbiprofen compared with five while taking placebo (P less than 0.025). After the trial 19 patients wished to continue with flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen is a useful treatment for idiopathic detrusor instability and is well tolerated by most patients.
Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis Co-existing With Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: NAVIN C. NANDA, RAYMOND GRAMIAK, PRAVIN M. SHAH, SCOTT STEWART, JAMES A. DEWEESE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Echocardiographic studies demonstrated the presence of co-existing idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) in six patients with aortic valve disease (four calcific aortic stenosis, two pure aortic incompetence). The characteristics of IHSS were a narrow left ventricular outflow tract, a systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve (SAM), and asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy. Large SAMs were observed in two patients with pure aortic incompetence and one with aortic stenosis. Relatively small, inconstant, and often incomplete SAMs were noted in the remaining three patients with aortic stenosis. In contrast to isolated IHSS, the small SAMs observed in this group did not become prominent with the Valsalva maneuver or amyl nitrite inhalation. These features may be related to the afterload provided by the fixed, distal stenosis. Echocardiographic evidence of aortic valve disease was present in all patients. Clinically, co-existence of IHSS was not suspected in five patients. Associated IHSS was established using provocative measures during cardiac catheterization in three cases, while in the remainder it was substantiated at surgery. Three of four patients who underwent myotomy/myectomy concomitant with aortic valve replacement survived and postoperative echocardiographic studies revealed complete absence of SAMs in two of them. Echocardiography appears to be useful in the diagnosis of associated IHSS in the presence of aortic valve disease.
Reviews and Notes: Biomedical Technology and Human Rights
Authors: Seymour Perry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 July 1994Reviews and Notes: Biomedical Technology and Human RightsSeymour PerrySeymour PerryMedical Technology and Practice Patterns Institute, Washington, DC 20007.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Biomedical Technology and Human RightsEugene B. Brody. 312 pages. Hants, England: Dartmouth Publishing Company; 1993. $46.95.The second half of the 20th century has been the most remarkable and concentrated period of advances in biomedical technology that the world has ever seen. These developments have raised unprecedented ethical and social issues that no one could have anticipated. Hardly a week goes by without a controversy about the ethical or “moral correctness” of the application of a new procedure or diagnostic test.In 250 pages, Dr. Brody discusses or at least mentions almost every conceivable ethical issue that has been ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Seymour PerryAffiliations: Medical Technology and Practice Patterns Institute, Washington, DC 20007. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1 Page: 78 Keywords Biotechnology Drug screening Drugs Global health Health care Life expectancy Organ transplantation Psychiatry and mental health Psychopharmacology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cdk4 and Cdk6 cooperate in counteracting the INK4 family of inhibitors during murine leukemogenesis
Authors: Esther Rodríguez-Díez, Victor Quereda, Florian Bellutti, Michaela Prchal-Murphy, David Partida, Manuel Eguren, Karoline Kollmann, Marta Gómez de Cedrón, Pierre Dubus, Marta Cañamero, Dolores Martínez, Veronika Sexl, Marcos Malumbres
Journal: Blood (2014)
INFECTION OF THE GALL BLADDER AND BILIARY DUCT CONTENTS.
Authors: EDWIN RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A little more than a decade ago, if a surgeon opened an abdomen for suspected gallstones and did not find them he was most fortunate if the medical finger of derision for diagnostic failure was not pointed at him—gallstones were considered a disease<i>per se</i>. The nomenclature of gallstones, as it has been and is used, is incorrect. It is not important that we should give the anatomy in detail of the liver, and especially of its system of biliary plumbing. A healthy gall bladder should have tonicity and when well filled it should touch the abdominal peritoneum in front, that portion of the liver posteriorly, the duodenum colon, the stomach and pylorus—all of which are in close proximity. In the healthy subject, the gall bladder can be artificially anastomosed to the stomach, colon and duodenum. Such has been accomplished in neglected cases by no other effort than that of
Decreased Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II Expression in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Krista A. Riggs, Nalinie S. Wickramasinghe, Renate K. Cochrum, Mary Beth Watts, Carolyn M. Klinge
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tamoxifen (TAM) is successfully used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. However, many patients that are initially TAM responsive develop tumors that are antiestrogen/TAM resistant (TAM-R). The mechanism behind TAM resistance in estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive tumors is not understood. The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF)-I interacts directly with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)- and estradiol (E2)-occupied ERα, corepressors NCoR and SMRT, and inhibit E2-induced gene transcription in breast cancer cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that reduced COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII correlate with TAM resistance. We report for the first time that COUP-TFII, but not COUP-TFI, is reduced in three antiestrogen/TAM-R cell lines derived from TAM-sensitive (TAM-S) MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF-7. ERα and ERβ protein expression was not different between TAM-S and TAM-R cells, but progesterone receptor (PR) was decreased in TAM-R cells. Further, E2 increased COUP-TFII transcription in MCF-7, but not TAM-R, cells. Importantly, reexpression of COUP-TFII in TAM-S cells to levels comparable to those in MCF-7 was shown to increase 4-OHT-mediated growth inhibition and increased apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of COUP-TFII in TAM-S MCF-7 cells blocked growth inhibitory activity and increased 4-OHT agonist activity. 4-OHT increased COUP-TFII-ERα interaction ∼2-fold in MCF-7 cells. COUP-TFII expression in TAM-R cells also inhibited 4-OHT-induced endogenous PR and pS2 mRNA expression. These data indicate that reduced COUP-TFII expression correlates with acquired TAM resistance in human breast cancer cell lines and that COUP-TFII plays a role in regulating the growth inhibitory activity of TAM in breast cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 10188-98)
QT interval increased after single dose of lofexidine
Authors: John Schmittner, Jennifer R Schroeder, David H Epstein, Kenzie L Preston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Lofexidine (BritLofex, Britannia) is an α 2 agonist used for opioid detoxification.1 We report one case of an increased QT interval after one dose of 0.4 mg lofexidine.2

A 44 year old white opiate dependent female enrolled in a protocol to assess the safety of taking daily lofexidine with daily methadone. She had no known drug allergies, took no other drugs, and had never taken lofexidine before.

An electrocardiogram before …
Small Nerve Fiber Quantification in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: Comparing Corneal Confocal Microscopy With Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density
Authors: Xin Chen, Jim Graham, Mohammad A. Dabbah, Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Georgios Ponirakis, Omar Asghar, Uazman Alam, Andrew Marshall, Hassan Fadavi, Maryam Ferdousi, Shazli Azmi, Mitra Tavakoli, Nathan Efron, Maria Jeziorska, Rayaz A. Malik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Quantitative assessment of small fiber damage is key to the early diagnosis and assessment of progression or regression of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) is the current gold standard, but corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an in vivo ophthalmic imaging modality, has the potential to be a noninvasive and objective image biomarker for identifying small fiber damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of CCM and IENFD by using the current guidelines as the reference standard. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-nine subjects (26 control subjects and 63 patients with type 1 diabetes), with and without DSPN, underwent a detailed assessment of neuropathy, including CCM and skin biopsy. RESULTS Manual and automated corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), branch density (CNBD) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and length (CNFL) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and IENFD (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes with DSPN compared with control subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying DSPN was 0.82 for manual CNFD, 0.80 for automated CNFD, and 0.66 for IENFD, which did not differ significantly (P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS This study shows comparable diagnostic efficiency between CCM and IENFD, providing further support for the clinical utility of CCM as a surrogate end point for DSPN.
Is big beautiful? The continuing story of ADAM33 and asthma
Authors: S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Role of ADAM33 in the development and progression of asthma

The gene encoding ADisintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 33 was the first asthma susceptibility gene to be discovered by positional cloning.1 In 460 families enriched with asthma, linkage analysis using microsatellite markers spaced ∼9 cM apart revealed a region on chromosome 20p13 that carried one or more asthma genes, achieving a Maximum Lod Score (MLS) of 2.24 at 9.99 cM. The addition of further markers at 1.2 cM increased the MLS to 2.94 at 12.1 cM which further rose to 3.93 when bronchial hyperresponsiveness was included in the definition of asthma despite halving the sample size, thereby exceeding the threshold for genome wide significance. Physical mapping, direct cDNA selection, and sequencing of DNA cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) identified 25 candidate genes. Linkage disequilibrium mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 23 genes spanning the peak of linkage together with case-control and family based association analyses revealed that ADAM33 accounted for the linkage signal.

Several features of this initial report raised questions regarding the generalisability of the results.2 Firstly, although significant evidence for linkage was observed, this region on chromosome 20p had not been identified in previous genome wide screens in asthma. Secondly, the initial publication did not have a truly independent replication sample. Thirdly, no single SNP demonstrated significant association in both the UK and US populations that made up the total sample when these were analysed separately. Finally, no functional data regarding the role of associated SNPs in alteration of gene expression and/or function and in the development of asthma phenotypes were presented.

Since 2002 there have been a …
Near drowning and hypothermia mimicking severe closed head injury.
Authors: N V Todd, A Conn
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Une observation: chez un homme de 25 ans, une immersion accidentelle dans l'eau de mer provoque un coma avec hypothermie, inconscience et pupilles dilatees fixes, le tout simulant un traumatisme crânien severe. Apres reanimation et constatation de l'absence de lesions traumatiques, les troubles dus a l'inhalation d'eau de mer sont traites par oxygene, physiotherapie et antibiotiques
Effective Treatment of Inadvertent Intramuscular Administration of Vincristine
Authors: Daniel S. J. Choy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Subcutaneous extravasation of vincristine sulfate is known to cause tissue necrosis and sloughing of overlying skin. I report a case of inadvertent intramuscular administration of vincristine and its effective treatment. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 50-year-old woman with lymphosarcoma was given vincristine sulfate, 0.5 mg intramuscularly, in the right buttock by an allied health professional who mistook the drug for nandrolone phenpropionate. This was brought to my attention immediately. Within one to two minutes, through the same needle track and at the same depth, I injected hydrocortisone, 100 mg. During the next four days, there was gradual disappearance of slight local discomfort. At no time was there sufficient discomfort to interfere with walking. By the fifth day, all signs and symptoms of this accident had disappeared. <h3>Comment.—</h3> On two previous occasions I have successfully prevented tissue irritation and necrosis from subcutaneous extravasation of vincristine with local infiltration
Growth and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells: does 5-azacytidine trigger their cardiomyogenic differentiation?
Authors: Y Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The potential use of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) as a cellular therapy for chronic cardiac diseases relies on the ability of the cell to replicate extensively in vitro and to give rise to myogenic cells that can replace the damaged cardiomyocytes. For this reason the present study investigated the replication lifespan and chemical-induced cardiomyogenic differentiation of rat MSCs in vitro.The primary and the successively passaged Wistar rat MSCs were exposed to different concentrations (3, 5 and 10 microM) of 5-azacytidine using different methods (single- or repeat-treatment). The growth properties and the fate of the cells were compared to their untreated counterparts by cell counting, immunocytochemistry and Western analysis.When seeded at a density of 2845 cells/cm(2) and cultured under common conditions, rat MSCs could be expanded up to 21.94 cell doublings in 30 days of successive subcultures. This was accompanied by a gradual loss of their replication ability with passages. When treated with 5-azacytidine for 24 h at day 3 of primary culture and the first subculture, the growth properties of the MSCs were not obviously affected. Neither the spontaneously beating cells nor the formation of myotubes were found in the primary and first passaged MSCs after a single treatment with 5-azacytidine and in cultures which underwent repeated 5-azacytidine-treatments during continuous subculturing to passage 2. The expressions of cardiac troponin I, cardiac myosin heavy chain and connexin 43 by the 5-azacytidine-treated MSCs were also undetectable at both immunocytochemistry and Western blot levels. The specificity and reliability of the detection methods were technically confirmed with cultured rat cardiomyocytes.Rat MSCs cannot be extensively expanded in vitro or be induced to differentiate in an expected cardiomyogenic way by 5-azacytidine-treatment, if the cells are not immortalized.
P290 Validation Of Preoperative Screening Algorithm For Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: V. Macavei, J. Mitic, M. Berger, O. Mohr, T. O'Shaughnessy
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been previously reported as a major risk factor for perioperative adverse events. <sup>1</sup> Identifying patients with undiagnosed OSA can potentially have an impact on co morbidities and hospitalisation costs.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Aim</h3> To validate a previously reported screening tool for surgical patients suspected of having OSA. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective study was performed in a university hospital between 1st Dec 2013 and 1st June 2014. An easy to use screening tool (STOP BANG) has been addressed to all patients prior to overnight oximetry sleep study during chest clinic assessment. The STOP BANG questionnaire incorporated 8 questions related to Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnoeas, high blood Pressure, BMI &gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, Age &gt;50, Neck size &gt;15” and male Gender. Each affirmative answer was marked with 1 point. OSA was defined as dip rate ≥ 10 events per hour associated with an oxygen desaturation ≥ 4% below baseline value. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 102 patients have been included, 57 males (55.8%) and average age 50.8 ± 14 years. 52 patients (50.9%) have been diagnosed with OSA out of which 29 patients (28.4%) had severe OSA (defined as dip rate ≥30 events per hour). Using logistic regression analysis, a STOP BANG score of ≥ 3 had a sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity 72% with a positive predictive value of 77.8% and a negative predictive value of 92.3% in detecting OSA patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have identified a high incidence of OSA of 50.9% in our sleep study population. We have validated STOP BANG questionnaire to be a useful predictor of OSA with a sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 72%. This can be used during pre anaesthetic assessment indicating the requirement of chest clinic referral for sleep study at a score of ≥3. <h3>References</h3> Kaw, R, Chung, F, Pasupuleti, <i>et al</i>. Meta-analysis of the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and postoperative outcome. <i>Br J Anaesth</i>, 2012;109, 6:897-906 Mokhlesi, B, Hovda, MD, Vekhter, B, <i>et al</i>. Sleep-disordered breathing and postoperative outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. <i>Chest</i>, 2013;144, 3:903-14
Circulating Levels of Resistin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women: Results From Two Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Brian H. Chen, Yiqing Song, Eric L. Ding, Christian K. Roberts, JoAnn E. Manson, Nader Rifai, Julie E. Buring, J. Michael Gaziano, Simin Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of circulating resistin levels in the development of type 2 diabetes using two prospective cohorts of well-characterized men and women.We conducted two prospective case-control studies nested in the Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study II (PHS II). In the WHS, during a median of 10-years of follow-up, 359 postmenopausal women, who were apparently healthy at baseline and later developed type 2 diabetes, were prospectively matched with 359 healthy control subjects. In the PHS II, with 8 years of total follow-up, 170 men, who were apparently healthy at baseline and later developed type 2 diabetes, were matched with 170 healthy control subjects. Control subjects were matched by age, race, and time of blood draw.Resistin levels at baseline were significantly higher in women than in men (P = 0.003) and in case patients than in control subjects for both women (P < 0.001) and men (P = 0.07). After adjustment for matching factors, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, and family history of diabetes, the relative risk of type 2 diabetes comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of resistin in women was 2.22 ([95% CI 1.32-3.73]; Ptrend = 0.002). This association was attenuated after further adjustment for BMI (1.51 [0.86-2.65]; Ptrend = 0.20) or C-reactive protein (1.18 [0.68-2.07]; Ptrend = 0.60). A similar but weaker pattern was observed in men.Elevated levels of circulating resistin were significantly related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which appears to be partially accounted for by adiposity and the inflammatory process.
327 TWO TYPES OF VIRAL QUASISPECIES IDENTIFIED IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Magdalena Figlerowicz, P. Jackowiak, M. Alejska, N. Malinowska, A. Kowala-Piaskowska, P. Kędziora, P. Formanowicz, J. Błażewicz, Marek Figlerowicz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
AB0628 The direct and indirect costs of an osteoporotic fracture: a prospective evaluation of elderly patients with a clinical fracture
Authors: D. Eekman, M. ter Wee, V. Coupé, S. Erisek-Demirtas, M. Kramer, W. Lems
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoporotic fractures have large economic consequences for the health care system and for society. Most available data concerns direct medical costs only. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to gain insight into all the current overall costs (direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs) of clinical fractures in osteoporotic patients aged 50 years and older in the Netherlands. <h3>Methods</h3> The aim of this study was to gain insight into all the current overall costs (direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs) of clinical fractures in osteoporotic patients aged 50 years and older in the Netherlands. <h3>Results</h3> 116 patients were included, of these patients, 69 completed all four diaries, 34 patients returned two diaries or more. Humerus fractures were most expensive with total one year costs of €16.817 (95% CI €10.040 - €29.969) per patient. The second most expensive fractures were clinical spine fractures with total costs of €14.036 (95% CI €1.888 - €25.782) per patient. Direct medical costs were highest for hip fractures (€9.917, 95% CI €8.478 - €13.614). However, the sample size for this estimate was small (4 patients) and confidence intervals were wide. Direct medical costs were very low for patients with clinical spine fractures (€677, 95% CI €438 - €963 per patient). Although spinal fractures have low direct medical and non-medical costs, indirect costs in this group were highest (€12.521, 95% CI €5.971 - €19.651 per patient), accounting for 89% of the total costs for this fracture. For all other fractures indirect costs account for roughly half of the total costs. Cost estimates in the sensitivity analyses were similar or lower than the estimates for the complete cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Indirect medical costs account for roughly half of the total costs of clinical fractures in patients 50 years and over. When considering fracture related costs from a societal perspective, it is very important to take these costs into account. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: Diagnostic Considerations
Authors: Stuart P. Castle
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The New Mexico Health and Environment Department and the New Mexico Poison Center frequently become involved in the investigation of accidental carbon monoxide (CO) intoxications. These investigations suggest that physicians should be reminded of three diagnostic considerations: the symptoms and time clustering of CO intoxications can be similar to those of food poisoning; a cherry red color of the skin and mucous membranes is not always present in CO intoxications; and some qualitative laboratory tests for carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) will not detect abnormal values. Group exposures to carbon monoxide may be misdiagnosed as food poisoning, especially if vomiting is present. As an example, we were requested to evaluate the conditions of a husband and wife and their 18-month-old son for presumed food poisoning. Both parents complained of nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. The husband had experienced blurred vision and the wife had fainted. The