tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P74Reversible cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular functional changes after exercise training in a rat model
Authors: A Olah, A Lux, BT Nemeth, C Matyas, D Kellermayer, M Ruppert, L Szabo, G Merkely, B Merkely, T Radovits
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Long-term exercise training is associated with characteristic structural and functional cardiac adaptation termed athlete's heart. However the effect of discontuniation of the training (detraining) on left ventricular (LV) function is still unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the development characteristics of athlete's heart and the reversibility of morphological and functional changes during detraining.
The Gasping Syndrome and Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning
Authors: Juan Gershanik, Betty Boecler, Harry Ensley, Sharon McCloskey, William George
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Benzyl alcohol is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in a variety of formulations, including bacteriostatic sodium chloride and bacteriostatic water, that are intended for intravenous administration. Although benzyl alcohol toxicity has been recognized, the concentration that is necessary for antibacterial action appears to be much lower than the concentration that would be dangerous to adults.1 , 2 Little, if anything, is known about the possible toxic effects of benzyl alcohol in neonates.Ten premature infants in our neonatal intensivecare unit developed similar clinical syndromes characterized by the deterioration of multiple organ systems and eventual death, which we believe were the result . . .
Hyponatremia is a powerful independent predictor of short-term mortality in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Alexander Goldberg, Haim Hammerman, Sirouch Petcherski, Elena Koifman, Alexander Zdorovyak, Michael Kapeliovich, Walter Markiewicz, Doron Aronson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A Nodal Signaling Pathway Regulates the Laterality of Neuroanatomical Asymmetries in the Zebrafish Forebrain
Authors: Miguel L Concha, Rebecca D Burdine, Claire Russell, Alexander F Schier, Stephen W Wilson
Journal: Neuron (2000)

Animals show behavioral asymmetries that are mediated by differences between the left and right sides of the brain. We report that the laterality of asymmetric development of the diencephalic habenular nuclei and the photoreceptive pineal complex is regulated by the Nodal signaling pathway and by midline tissue. Analysis of zebrafish embryos with compromised Nodal signaling reveals an early role for this pathway in the repression of asymmetrically expressed genes in the diencephalon. Later signaling mediated by the EGF-CFC protein One-eyed pinhead and the forkhead transcription factor Schmalspur is required to overcome this repression. When expression of Nodal pathway genes is either absent or symmetrical, neuroanatomical asymmetries are still established but are randomized. This indicates that Nodal signaling is not required for asymmetric development per se but is essential to determine the laterality of the asymmetry.
Increase of Ceramide and Induction of Mixed Apoptosis/Necrosis by N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)- retinamide in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines
Authors: B. J. Maurer, L. S. Metelitsa, R. C. Seeger, M. C. Cabot, C. P. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: The synthetic retinoid N -(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR or fenretinide) is toxic to myeloid leukemia and cervical carcinoma cell lines, probably in part due to its ability to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have studied the effects of 4-HPR on neuroblastoma cell lines. Since neuroblastomas commonly relapse in bone marrow, a hypoxic tissue compartment, and many chemotherapeutic agents are antagonized by hypoxia, our purpose was to study in these cell lines several factors influencing 4-HPR-induced cytotoxicity, including induced levels of ROS, effects of physiologic hypoxia and antioxidants, levels of ceramide, and the mechanism of cell death. METHODS: ROS generation was measured by carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate fluoresence. Ceramide was quantified by radiolabeling and thin-layer chromatography. Immunoblotting was used to assess p53 protein levels. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) and necrosis were analyzed by nuclear morphology and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation patterns. Cytotoxicity was measured by a fluorescence-based assay employing digital imaging microscopy in the presence or absence of the pancaspase enzyme inhibitor BOC-d-fmk. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: In addition to increasing ROS, 4-HPR (2.5–10 μ M ) statistically significantly increased the level of intracellular ceramide (up to approximately 10-fold; P<.001) in a dose-dependent manner in two neuroblastoma cell lines, one of which is highly resistant to alkylating agents and to etoposide. Cell death induced by 4-HPR was reduced but not abrogated by hypoxia in the presence or absence of an antioxidant, N -acetyl- l -cysteine. Expression of p53 protein was not affected by 4-HPR. Furthermore, the pan-caspase enzyme inhibitor BOC-d-fmk prevented apoptosis, but not necrosis, and only partially decreased cytotoxicity induced by 4-HPR, indicating that 4-HPR induced both apoptosis and necrosis in neuroblastoma cells. IMPLICATIONS: 4-HPR may form the basis for a novel, p53-independent chemotherapy that operates through increased intracellular levels of ceramide and that retains cytotoxicity under reduced oxygen conditions.
Transmigrating Neutrophils Shape the Mucosal Microenvironment through Localized Oxygen Depletion to Influence Resolution of Inflammation
Authors: Eric L. Campbell, Walter J. Bruyninckx, Caleb J. Kelly, Louise E. Glover, Eóin N. McNamee, Brittelle E. Bowers, Amanda J. Bayless, Melanie Scully, Bejan J. Saeedi, Lucy Golden-Mason, Stefan F. Ehrentraut, Valerie F. Curtis, Adrianne Burgess, John F. Garvey, Amber Sorensen, Raphael Nemenoff, Paul Jedlicka, Cormac T. Taylor, Douglas J. Kominsky, Sean P. Colgan
Journal: Immunity (2014)

Acute intestinal inflammation involves early accumulation of neutrophils (PMNs) followed by either resolution or progression to chronic inflammation. Based on recent evidence that mucosal metabolism influences disease outcomes, we hypothesized that transmigrating PMNs influence the transcriptional profile of the surrounding mucosa. Microarray studies revealed a cohort of hypoxia-responsive genes regulated by PMN-epithelial crosstalk. Transmigrating PMNs rapidly depleted microenvironmental O2 sufficiently to stabilize intestinal epithelial cell hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). By utilizing HIF reporter mice in an acute colitis model, we investigated the relative contribution of PMNs and the respiratory burst to "inflammatory hypoxia" in vivo. CGD mice, lacking a respiratory burst, developed accentuated colitis compared to control, with exaggerated PMN infiltration and diminished inflammatory hypoxia. Finally, pharmacological HIF stabilization within the mucosa protected CGD mice from severe colitis. In conclusion, transcriptional imprinting by infiltrating neutrophils modulates the host response to inflammation, via localized O2 depletion, resulting in microenvironmental hypoxia and effective inflammatory resolution.
Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Marie J. Stuart
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We studied three children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and their immediate families. All three patients and 10/13 family members manifested at least one immunologic defect, eg, decreased numbers of T lymphocytes (1/3, 5/13), diminished in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin (2/3, 6/13), dysgammaglobulinemia (2/3, 4/13), altered autoantibodies (1/3, 5/13), and decreased serum properdin levels (3/3, 2/13). In addition, one parent and two asymptomatic siblings of two of the propositi had shortened platelet life spans with normal platelet counts. The HLA antigens A3 and B7 were identified in all three families. There also appeared to be an association between a familial haplotype and the immunologic defects. Chronic ITP appears to occur in families with underlying immunologic defects, which are genetically related.
Are Drug Companies Living Up to Their Human Rights Responsibilities? The Merck Perspective
Authors: Geralyn S. Ritter
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background to the debate The human rights responsibilities of drug companies have been considered for years by nongovernmental organizations, but were most sharply defined in a report by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to health, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly in August 2008. The “Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation to Access to Medicines” include responsibilities for transparency, management, monitoring and accountability, pricing, and ethical marketing, and against lobbying for more protection in intellectual property laws, applying for patents for trivial modifications of existing medicines, inappropriate drug promotion, and excessive pricing. Two years after the release of the Guidelines, the PLoS Medicine Debate asks whether drug companies are living up to their human rights responsibilities. Sofia Gruskin and Zyde Raad from the Harvard School of Public Health say more assessment is needed of such responsibilities; Geralyn Ritter, Vice President of Global Public Policy and Corporate Responsibility at Merck & Co. argues that multiple stakeholders could do more to help States deliver the right to health; and Paul Hunt and Rajat Khosla introduce Mr. Hunt's work as the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to the highest attainable standard of health, regarding the human rights responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies and access to medicines.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Alejandro Hoberman, Ron Keren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Approximately one third of children who have a urinary tract infection — the most frequent serious bacterial infection in young febrile children — have vesicoureteral reflux, a congenital condition in which the urine flow is retrograde from the bladder toward the kidneys during micturition. Data from observational studies and animal models support the hypothesis that children with vesicoureteral reflux who have urinary tract infection are at increased risk for renal scarring.Vesicoureteral reflux is graded from I (lowest grade, with reflux into the ureter only) to V (highest grade, with marked ureteral tortuosity, calyceal blunting, and severely dilated renal pelvis). . . .
In vivo Gene Transfer to Healthy and Diabetic Canine Pancreas
Authors: Eduard Ayuso, Miguel Chillón, Félix García, Judith Agudo, Anna Andaluz, Ana Carretero, Mercè Monfar, Marta Moya, Joel Montané, Pedro J. Otaegui, Fàtima Bosch
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene therapy may provide new treatments for severe pancreatic disorders. However, gene transfer to the pancreas is difficult because of its anatomic location and structure, and pancreatitis is a serious concern. Like the human pancreas, the canine pancreas is compact, with similar vascularization and lobular structure. It is therefore a suitable model in which to assess gene transfer strategies. Here we examined the ability of adenoviral vectors to transfer genes into the pancreas of dogs in which pancreatic circulation had been clamped. Adenoviruses carrying the β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene were injected into the pancreatic–duodenal vein and the clamp was released 10 min later. These dogs showed β-gal-positive cells throughout the pancreas, with no evidence of pancreatic damage. β-Gal was expressed mainly in acinar cells, but also in ducts and islets. Moreover, transduction was prominent in connective tissue of the lobe septa. β-Gal expression in the exocrine pancreas of a diabetic dog was also found to be similar to that observed in healthy dogs. Thus, efficient gene transfer to canine pancreas in vivo may be achieved by adenovirus injection after clamping pancreatic circulation. This technique may be used to assay new gene therapy approaches for diabetes mellitus and other pancreatic disorders.
Thyroid Carcinoma after Radioiodide Therapy for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, CHRISTOPHER N. CHAPMAN, HEMALATHA RAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Twenty-five reports in the medical literature of thyroid carcinomas which were detected after radioiodide therapy for hyperthyroidism were reviewed. These cases did not show a usual characteristic of radiation-associated tumors, namely a long latency period. That is, in 8/25 the latency period was under five years, and the mean latency was only 7.3 years. Further, there was no relationship between latency and age at treatment, or between latency and the dose of radioiodide employed. In 15/25 of the cases, there were known thyroid nodules. Three of the patients had thyroiditis (which itself has a correlation with thyroid carcinoma), and one individual had prior head and neck external radiation. There was no substantiating evidence that radioiodide treatment for hyperthyroidism was the cause of these thyroid carcinomas.
Hydrochloric Acid Measurements
Authors: Arnold S. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In our laboratory 0.2 cc of gastric juice is combined with two drops of Töpfer's reagent, and this is titrated with 0.01 N sodium hydroxide. The titrated amount is multiplied by 50 to give the degrees of free acid per 100 cc of specimen. The number of milliequivalents per specimen is obtained by multiplying this figure times the total volume. This is a standard technique which is taken from Watson's<i>Outline of Internal Medicine</i>, with the exception that a smaller volume of gastric juice is utilized, and 0.01 instead of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide is used for titration. A factor of 50 is used to correct for this change in volume and normality. "Mean mEq HCl" refers to the milliequivalents output of hydrochloric acid per 15 minute period; this is an average of the six animals in the experiment for each particular 15 minute period; thus this
A RECORD OF CASES TRACHEOTOMIZED.Read before the Northeastern Medical Society of Michigan, March, 1892.
Authors: FREDERICK LOHRSTORFER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

While intubation will in all probability render the need of tracheotomy less frequent in the future, the latter must and will always remain the classical operation and<i>dernier ressort.</i>Intubation has a rather more limited range of usefulness than tracheotomy, being most applicable in very young children. Even after O'Dwyer's tube is inserted, the surgeon must be in continual readiness to perform tracheotomy, lest the former operation prove insufficient. O'Dwyer's tubes are liable to become displaced; secretions dry in them and are not easily removed; sometimes they occasion difficulty in swallowing; in inserting them the membrane may be detached and pushed into the lumen of the trachea, blocking respiration completely, and sometimes necessitating a hasty tracheotomy to save the patient from immediate suffocation. The pressure of the tube in the larynx and trachea often causes ulceration. Extension of the membrane beyond the end of the tube may eventutually require tracheotomy
Optimization of cell receptor-specific targeting through multivalent surface decoration of polymeric nanocarriers
Authors: Suzanne M. D'Addio, Steven Baldassano, Lei Shi, Lila Cheung, Douglas H. Adamson, Matthew Bruzek, John E. Anthony, Debra L. Laskin, Patrick J. Sinko, Robert K. Prud'homme
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
The Effect of Beta Adrenergic Blockade on the Exaggerated Natriuresis and Diuresis of Hypertensive Patients.
Authors: William J. Mroczek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Effect of Beta Adrenergic Blockade on the Exaggerated Natriuresis and Diuresis of Hypertensive Patients.William J. Mroczek, M.D., Michael Davidov, M.D., Frank A. Finnerty Jr., M.D.William J. Mroczek, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Michael Davidov, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank A. Finnerty Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-832_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe exaggerated natriuresis and diuresis of hypertensive patients to a hypertonic saline infusion was investigated to determine the importance of the beta adrenergic nervous system and cardiac hemodynamics. Six hypertensive and four normotensive patients received a hypertonic saline load (100 ml of 5% saline/m2body surface area) before and after beta adrenergic blockade. During the 3 hr after the hypertonic saline loading the hypertensive patients excreted 79% (129 of 158 mEq Na), and the normotensive patients excreted 37% (60 of 162 mEq Na) of the load; whereas after 2 weeks of oral propranolol (120 to 340 mg daily), the hypertensive... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 832-832KeywordsBody surface areaHemodynamicsNervous system ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prepacked milk feeds for continuous intragastric feeding.
Authors: G A Faux, H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

could record the impressions that have led me to think that despite the conclusions quoted above deputizing services probably do not provide the best patient care.TIhe only drugs we were given were morphine, pethidine, adrenaline, aminophyl&ine, ergometrine, amylobarbitone sodium, A.P.C, and free samples, which were usually of the less commonly indicated antibiotics.Many of the deputies bought their own supplies of other drugs; the rest did without.We were told to equip ourselves with a sphygmomano- meter, auriscope, and ophthaknoscope, but it was not checked whether we had these items and in fact some of the deputies did not.
Initiation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction: importance of the site of stimulation.
Authors: E L Michelson, J F Spear, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The importance of the site of stimulation to the initiation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias was determined in 24 adult mongrel dogs. Studies were performed 3-30 days after two-stage occlusion of the mid- or distal left anterior descending coronary artery, modified by a reperfusion stage. Unipolar cathodal stimuli of twice-threshold intensity and 2 msec duration were introduced at five to 24 sites in each dog in the distribution of occluded and nonoccluded vessels. Strength-interval curves were constructed from 232 measurements at these sites and local properties of excitability and refractoriness were correlated with the ability to initiate arrhythmias. All dogs had sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias inducible from at least one site. Intramyocardial sites with normal excitability and refractoriness within 2 cm of an area of infarction were most often successful (27 of 44, 61%) in the initiation of sustained arrhythmias. Less successful sites included normal left ventricular plunge electrode sites less than 2 cm from an area of infarction (eight of 32, 25%) (p = 0.002), left ventricular plunge electrode sites within an area of infarction (20 of 103, 19%) (p less than 0.001), normal right ventricular sites (five of 24, 21%) (p less than 0.001), and endocardial catheter sites (six of 29, 21%), (p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that local properties of excitability and refractoriness at the site of stimulation, as well as anatomic and geometric factors, may be critical in the initiation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias using the technique of programmed electrical stimulation.
Captopril now for mild hypertension?
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The manufacturer of captopril (Capoten) is asking the Food and Drug Administration for permission to extend its use to all hypertensive patients. Previously, because of neutropenia, rash, and other potential side effects, captopril was limited to severely ill patients or those who failed to respond to other antihypertensive drugs. Now, however, the manufacturer, E. R. Squibb &amp; Sons, Inc, Princeton, NJ, says recent clinical trials indicate long-term efficacy and a low level of adverse effects in mildly hypertensive patients. The data were discussed at a satellite symposium of the First European Meeting on Hypertension in Milan. Edward Fries, MD, senior medical investigator at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, and co-chair of the VA's Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents, discussed an earlier study involving 475 mildly hypertensive persons (92 to 109 mm Hg diastolic). Blood pressure returned to normal in from half to three fourths of the patients
Variceal Bleeding and Portal Hypertension
Authors: K.F. Binmoeller, R. Borsatto
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Within the short span of half a century, the treatment of variceal bleeding has become highly differentiated, with multiple treatment options. Pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers is well established for preventing the first variceal bleeding. The utility of adding a vasodilator to beta-blockers needs to be studied further. Octreotide is widely used as an adjuvant to standard endoscopic treatment to prevent variceal rebleeding, and the utility of this approach has been validated in several randomized controlled trials. Band ligation is well established, and its popularity has increased with the introduction of multiple ligation devices. The technical simplicity and safety of band ligation has sparked interest in using this technique for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. However, randomized trials have not shown any advantage for band ligation over beta-blocker therapy, and the high variceal recurrence rate after band ligation may eliminate any theoretical advantage. A synchronous combination of band ligation and sclerotherapy has not been shown to improve the results of band ligation alone, but a metachronous approach using sclerotherapy to treat recurrent varices after band ligation has shown beneficial results. Histoacryl remains the best treatment option for gastric varices, but band ligation and loop ligation have shown promising results, and should be considered when Histoacryl is not available. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is a new radiological modality for gastric varices, and one that sounds promising. TIPS is well established as an alternative to elective endoscopic treatment. Compared with endoscopic treatment, TIPS has been shown to improve the survival rate in one randomized trial. However, the cost and complications of TIPS have restricted its use. The use of endoscopic ultrasound for Doppler studies of blood flow in portal hypertension is currently investigational, but it may gain a role in selecting the optimal treatment approach for the individual patient.