tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symposium: Immunocontraception. Development of immunocontraceptives: an introduction
Authors: T. Anand Kumar
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1997)

The global eradication of smallpox through vaccinations led people to believe that a contraceptive vaccine could be developed and used to help solve the problem and pressures of excessive population growth.  A pioneer in the field the government of India through its Department of Biotechnology and the Indian Council of Medical Research mounted a major effort in the mid-1970s to develop birth control vaccines which would be effective in both men and women.  However the B human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) vaccine developed by Talwar in 1997 was the first contraceptive vaccine to be clinically tested in the world and found to be safe for use in women.  The heterologous follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) vaccine developed by Moudgal et al. in 1997 is the first ever contraceptive vaccine to be tested in men.  FSH vaccine has since been shown to cause infertility in monkeys and phase I trials have clearly shown that the vaccine causes no ill effects in men and that some important semen characteristics are changed in a manner commonly seen in infertile men.  Adiga (1997) has used an evolutionarily conserved vitamin transport protein as a contraceptive vaccine because the protein is essential for the survival of the fetus.  Animal studies have shown that the vaccine effectively reduces fertility in mice and monkeys of both sexes.  Gupta (1997) explored the possibility of developing a vaccine by using the zona pellucida proteins as the antigen with encouraging results.  However none of these vaccines is effective in all individuals.
Diagnosis and Management of Muscle Disease
Authors: J. R Sewell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The only published analytical data from the Bath group describe a method which measures either free penicilla- mine and penicillamine disulphide or total D-penicillamine after treatment with dithiothreitol.'It is not clear from their recent report' how the method has been modified in order to quantify mixed disulphides accurately.Previous work with direct determination of the mixed disulphides on amino acid analysers has shown that the major plasma metabolite is cysteine penicillamine disulphide, a result inconsistent with data derived from reference 4. We have also been unable to reduce penicillamine disulphide reproducibly using dithiothreitol, which may be due to difficulties either with the reduction or the artefactual chromatography.6We have recently reviewed the various approaches to thiol analysis7 and do not consider that the method so far described by the Bath group provides a true description of the complex metabolism of D-penicillamine in plasma.To our knowledge only one published study approaches that ideal.
THE CONTROL OF SCHOOL MYOPIA
Authors: A. Sorsby
Journal: BMJ (1933)

doctor any anxiety.Obviously, if a doctor or a nurse has a severe cold or a bad throat they are a danger to everyone with whom they come in contact, whether pregnant or non-pregnant.There are also elementary rules regarding coughing and sneezing which it is hoped need, not be laid down as exclusively obstetrical.CONCLUSION 1.The obvious lack in the present system is good nursing, and the carrying out of those antiseptic and aseptic princiVles which good nursing implies.2. Next in order comes lack of ante-natal care, which is bound to persist until doctors, and especially those keen on the work, are called in by their patients in the first instance, and not by midwives.Lastly, until Items 1 and 2 above are corrected, errors of judgement and technique are bound to be made, which in print seem so regrettable, but which to any- one with a practical knowledge of obstetrics, especially in industrial practice, are, under present-day conditions, in many cases not only understandable, but even excusable.
Severe breathlessness, respiratory failure, and asphyxia.
Authors: O C Parry-Jones, N G Hodges
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Severe shortness of breath is a common emergency to which the doctor should have a calm but hurried approach, balancing the priorities of urgent treatment against the time needed to acquire the diagnostic information that might make treatment more effective. The working diagnosis should be constantly evaluated as the clinical condition changes, as time becomes available to gather more information, or in the light of the patient's response to treatment. l'hc doctor may know the patient well and, for example, that there is a history of repeated attacks of asthma. This is helpful and so is reflecting on the common causes for brcathlcss ncss in patients at that age, for that sex, and on the time of day and week. In a seaside holiday practice, for example, the stressful Saturday change-over of holidaymakcrs is often associated with cardiac infarction in the young, and our local geriatric patients, as those elsewhere, often have left ventricular failure in the night-time. The clinical features and the probabilities have to be evaluated in each case, however. For temporary residents for whom there is no background information, a telephone call to their own general practitioner may supply useful information. Reassurance is needed as well as drugs and manoeuvres, and this is much easier to give patients who arc known to you. The family as well as the patient with frightening respiratory difficulty will benefit from calm command and a relaxed but competent history and examination. Asthma
Postoperative Massive Collapse of the Lungs
Authors: M. J. Finer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The report of two cases of postoperative massive collapse of the lungs by Raffensperger, Diffenbaugh, and Strohl inThe Journal, Nov. 12, 1960, p. 1386, attributes this catastrophe to several possible causes. I should like to emphasize that one of the stated reasons, i.e., hyperventilation, at the end of surgery, with rapidly absorbed gases (usually 100% oxygen) is a common, unphysiological practice. If adequate spontaneous ventilation of the lungs with room air is impaired by pain from incisions near the diaphragm, or depressed by analgesic drugs, or inhibited by persistence of effect of muscle relaxants, there will be little if any dilution of high alveolar oxygen content with inhaled nitrogen; transalveolar migration of oxygen into the pulmonary capillaries is followed by collapse of oxygen-filled alveoli which lack the normally present inert gas, nitrogen. Surgeons are often deceived by the excellent appearance immediately after surgery of the patient
Endogenous factor VIII synthesis from the intron 22–inverted F8 locus may modulate the immunogenicity of replacement therapy for hemophilia A
Authors: Gouri Shankar Pandey, Chen Yanover, Lisa M. Miller-Jenkins, Susan Garfield, Shelley A. Cole, Joanne E. Curran, Eric K. Moses, Natalia Rydz, Vijaya Simhadri, Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty, David Lillicrap, Kevin R. Viel, Teresa M. Przytycka, Glenn F. Pierce, Tom E. Howard, Zuben E. Sauna, Jeanne Lusher, Meera Chitlur, Afshin Ameri, Kavita Natarajan, Rathi V. Iyer, Alexis A. Thompson, Raymond G. Watts, Christine L. Kempton, Craig Kessler, John C. Barrett, Erica J. Martin, Nigel S Key, Rebecca Kruse-Jarres, Cindy Lessinger, Kathleen P. Pratt, Neil Josephson, Kevin McRedmond, Janice Withycombe, Christopher Walsh, Dana Matthews, Johnny Mahlangu, Amanda Krause, Rosemary Schwyzer, Rajendra Thejpal, Nadine Rapiti, Yasmin Goga, Marius Coetzee, David Stones, Kenneth Mann, Saulius Butenas, Laura Almasy, John Blangero, Mel Carless, Rajalingam Raja, Elaine Reed
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: M. Ruiz-Bailén, Aguayo E. de Hoyos, M. Serrano-Córcoles, M. Díaz-Castellanos, J. Ramos-Cuadra, A. Reina-Toral
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Lipoprotein lipids in older people. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. The CHS Collaborative Research Group.
Authors: W H Ettinger, P W Wahl, L H Kuller, T L Bush, R P Tracy, T A Manolio, N O Borhani, N D Wong, D H O'Leary
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in older people. There is little information about the distributions of risk factors in older populations. This article describes the distribution and correlates of lipoprotein lipids in people greater than or equal to 65 years old. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipoprotein lipid concentrations were measured in 2,106 men (M) and 2,732 women (F) who were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based epidemiological study. Distributions of lipids by age and sex and bivariate and multivariate relations among lipids and other variables were determined in cross-sectional analyses. Mean concentrations of lipids were cholesterol: M, 5.20 +/- 0.93 mmol/l (201 +/- 36 mg/dl) and F, 5.81 +/- 0.98 mmol/l (225 +/- 38 mg/dl); triglyceride (TG): M, 1.58 +/- 0.85 mmol/l (140 +/- 75 mg/dl) and F, 1.57 +/- 0.78 mmol/l (139 +/- 69 mg/dl); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): M, 1.23 +/- 0.33 mmol/l (48 +/- 16 mg/dl), and F, 1.53 +/- 0.41 mmol/l (59 +/- 16 mg/dl); low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): M, 3.27 +/- 0.85 mmol/l (127 +/- 33 mg/dl) and F, 3.57 +/- 0.93 mmol/l (138 +/- 36 mg/dl). The total cholesterol to HDL-C ratios were M, 4.49 +/- 1.29 and F, 4.05 +/- 1.22. TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-C concentrations were lower with increasing age, the last more evident in men than in women. TG concentration was positively associated with obesity (in women), central fat patterning, glucose intolerance, use of beta-blockers (in men), and use of estrogens (in women) and negatively associated with age, renal function, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status. In general, HDL-C had opposite relations with these variables, except that estrogen use was associated with higher HDL-C concentrations. LDL-C concentration was associated with far fewer variables than the other lipids but was negatively associated with age in men and women and positively correlated with obesity and central fat patterning and negatively correlated with renal function and estrogen use in women. There were no differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations among participants with and without prevalent coronary heart disease and stroke, but TG concentration was higher and HDL-C lower in men with both coronary heart disease and stroke and in women with coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol and cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were lower and HDL-C higher than previously reported values in older people, suggesting that lipid risk profiles may be improving in older Americans. TG and HDL-C concentrations, and to a lesser extent LDL-C, were associated with potentially important modifiable factors such as obesity, glucose intolerance, renal function, and medication use.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33 modulate migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: Steven G. Smith, Akash Gugilla, Manali Mukherjee, Kayla Merim, Anam Irshad, Wei Tang, Takashi Kinoshita, Brittany Watson, John-Paul Oliveria, Mike Comeau, Paul M. O'Byrne, Gail M. Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Telemedicine Technology and Clinical Applications
Authors: Douglas A. Perednia
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TELEMEDICINE can be broadly defined as the use of telecommunications technologies to provide medical information and services. Although this definition includes medical uses of the telephone, facsimile, and distance education,<i>telemedicine</i>is increasingly being used as shorthand for remote electronic clinical consultation. Interest in the field has increased dramatically in the 1990s. State and federal allocations for telemedicine and related technologies are likely to exceed $100 million in fiscal 1994-1995.<sup>1</sup>At least 13 federal agencies, including the US Department of Commerce, Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), Office of Rural Health Policy, and US Department of Defense, have begun telemedicine research and demonstration programs. Many states are using their own resources to build state-of-the-art telemedicine systems, some with capital investments exceeding $50 million. Faith in this technology is not universal, however. Depending on one's viewpoint, telemedicine may be seen as a valuable tool for providing badly needed specialty care services
Laurence–Moon–Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Patrick F. O'Mahony
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE condition now known as the Laurence-Moon–Biedl syndrome was first described by Laurence and Moon in the British Journal of Ophthalmology in 1866. Further descriptions were given by Bardet1 in 1920 and Biedl2 in 1922. In 1925 Solis-Cohen and Weiss3 reported 4 cases in one family and referred to the similar cases recognized by Biedl and Raab: "Raab in the course of a very careful study from Biedl's clinic emphasizes the occurrence of 'a syndrome, perhaps familial, hitherto scarcely known of: (a) optic atrophy with pigmentary degeneration similar to retinitis pigmentosa (b) polydactylism (c) obesity (d) genital hypoplasia.'" Mental deficiency . . .
Confirming the Phylogeny of Mammals by Use of Large Comparative Sequence Data Sets
Authors: Arjun B. Prasad, Marc W. Allard, Eric D. Green
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The ongoing generation of prodigious amounts of genomic sequence data from myriad vertebrates is providing unparalleled opportunities for establishing definitive phylogenetic relationships among species. The size and complexities of such comparative sequence data sets not only allow smaller and more difficult branches to be resolved but also present unique challenges, including large computational requirements and the negative consequences of systematic biases. To explore these issues and to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among mammals, we have analyzed a large data set of over 60 megabase pairs (Mb) of high-quality genomic sequence, which we generated from 41 mammals and 3 other vertebrates. All sequences are orthologous to a 1.9-Mb region of the human genome that encompasses the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). To understand the characteristics and challenges associated with phylogenetic analyses of such a large data set, we partitioned the sequence data in several ways and utilized maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Neighbor-Joining algorithms, implemented in parallel on Linux clusters. These studies yielded well-supported phylogenetic trees, largely confirming other recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our results provide support for rooting the placental mammal tree between Atlantogenata (Xenarthra and Afrotheria) and Boreoeutheria (Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria), illustrate the difficulty in resolving some branches even with large amounts of data (e.g., in the case of Laurasiatheria), and demonstrate the valuable role that very large comparative sequence data sets can play in refining our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of vertebrates.
From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of right-handedness
Authors: Michael C. Corballis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The strong predominance of right-handedness appears to be a uniquely human characteristic, whereas the left-cerebral dominance for vocalization occurs in many species, including frogs, birds, and mammals. Right-handedness may have arisen because of an association between manual gestures and vocalization in the evolution of language. I argue that language evolved from manual gestures, gradually incorporating vocal elements. The transition may be traced through changes in the function of Broca's area. Its homologue in monkeys has nothing to do with vocal control, but contains the so-called “mirror neurons,” the code for both the production of manual reaching movements and the perception of the same movements performed by others. This system is bilateral in monkeys, but predominantly left-hemispheric in humans, and in humans is involved with vocalization as well as manual actions. There is evidence that Broca's area is enlarged on the left side in Homo habilis, suggesting that a link between gesture and vocalization may go back at least two million years, although other evidence suggests that speech may not have become fully autonomous until Homo sapiens appeared some 170,000 years ago, or perhaps even later. The removal of manual gesture as a necessary component of language may explain the rapid advance of technology, allowing late migrations of Homo sapiens from Africa to replace all other hominids in other parts of the world, including the Neanderthals in Europe and Homo erectus in Asia. Nevertheless, the long association of vocalization with manual gesture left us a legacy of right-handedness.
Classification of Diabetes in Older Adults
Authors: Sten Madsbad
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Older adults with diabetes mellitus are a heterogeneous group including juvenile- and adult-onset type I (insulindependent) diabetic patients and type II (non-insulindependent) diabetic patients, with some who are insulin requiring because of symptomatic hyperglycemia. Most older adults with newly diagnosed diabetes have type II diabetes, but the classification of patients into type I and type II diabetes is uncertain in most studies because only clinical characteristics are used. Age and weight at diagnosis are of value in classification of patients, whereas presence or absence of ketonuria at diagnosis has been shown to be of limited value. Measurements of C-peptide after stimulation appear to be the most reliable parameter in the classification of diabetes into type I or type II and with regard to whether a type II diabetic patient is insulin requiring.
A MODIFIED SIEGLE'S, PNEUMATIC, AURAL SPECULUM.
Authors: CHARLES H. BURNETT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The modified Siegle pneumatic aural speculum is practically a Gruber speculum made of metal, to which is fitted the glazed lid that transforms it into the Siegle pneumatic speculum. Its extreme length is 5.5 cm., and its diameter at its meatal end is 6 mm. in vertical, by 4 mm. in transverse diameter. This renders it more adaptable to the shape of the meatus. It is nickel-plated both within and without, which gives it a better reflecting surface than possessed by the black-rubber Siegle instrument found in the shops. The two small openings on its inner wall, at the point connecting it with the air-tube, act like a sieve, to prevent the drawing up of particles of cerumen or dirt into the operator's mouth—another advantage over the ordinary Siegle instrument. The attachment for the air-tube is in the long axis, causing a downward curve of the rubber tubing, and preventing
Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Barry E. Rosenbloom
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  We are writing in response to the BRIEF REPORT entitled Superior Vena Cava Syndrome due to Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer by Citron et al. 1 These authors report successful therapy for the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome in their patients using combined chemotherapy. It has been reported that cisplatin regimens, as used in this report, can lead to responses in approximately 40% to 50% of treated patients. 2,3 This is certainly far less than the reported effectiveness of radiation therapy, which has a reported response rate of 80% to 90% in patients with the SVC syndrome. 4   Although the report by Citron et al is of interest, a comparison of these disparate forms of treatment for SVC syndrome remains to be properly studied in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.  On the basis of this brief report, we believe that great caution should be observed. From the available studies
High VEGFC expression is associated with unique gene expression profiles and predicts adverse prognosis in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hendrik J. M. de Jonge, Peter J. M. Valk, Nic J. G. M. Veeger, Arja ter Elst, Monique L. den Boer, Jacqueline Cloos, Valérie de Haas, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Gertjan J. L. Kaspers, Christian M. Zwaan, Willem A. Kamps, Bob Löwenberg, Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
Journal: Blood (2010)
Development of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome is associated with sequential epigenetic changes
Authors: Sébastien Malinge, Tim Chlon, Louis C. Doré, Rhett P. Ketterling, Martin S. Tallman, Elisabeth Paietta, Alan S. Gamis, Jeffrey W. Taub, Stella T. Chou, Mitchell J. Weiss, John D. Crispino, Maria E. Figueroa
Journal: Blood (2013)
Effects of low concentrations of benzene on mouse hematopoietic cells in vivo: a preliminary report.
Authors: G M Farris, S N Robinson, K W Gaido, B A Wong, V A Wong, L Leonard, R Shah
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Evaluation of benzene-induced hematotoxicity following exposure to low concentration is important for understanding mechanisms of toxicity and determining the dose response at benzene levels close to the current occupational exposure limit (1 ppm). Male B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 1, 10, 100, or 200 ppm benzene by inhalation for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. At each sampling time, we evaluated primitive and committed progenitor cells, differentiating and maturing lineage-specific cells, and stromal cells in the bone marrow; T and B lymphocytes of the spleen and thymus; micronucleated reticulocytes and erythrocytes; and standard blood parameters. At 100 and 200 ppm benzene, there were rapid and significant reductions in number of reticulocytes in the blood, B lymphocytes in the bone marrow and spleen, and an increased frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in the bone marrow. At 10 ppm, the only parameter affected was a transient reduction in the number of splenic B lymphocytes. There were no significant effects induced by 1 ppm benzene in this study. The present study suggests numbers of B lymphocytes and maturing erythrocytes, and frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes are sensitive indicators of benzene-induced hematotoxicity and will be useful in further investigation of the hematotoxicity induced by 10 to 100 ppm benzene.
Postcardiotomy Endocarditis Due to Neisseria perflava on a Prosthetic Aortic Valve
Authors: HUGH CLARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The first case of bacterial endocarditis due to Neisseria perflava after placement of a graft in the ascending aorta and a prosthetic aortic valve is presented. Sudden death due to a suture break of the graft allowed documentation of a vegetation on the prosthetic valve ring. The potential danger of organisms ordinarily of low pathogenicity in postcardiotomy endocarditis is stressed.