tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Europe recommends ban on common plasma substitute
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The European Medicine Agency has suspended the marketing authorisation for infusion solutions containing hydroxyethyl starch, saying that their benefits no longer outweigh their risks. In the United Kingdom the Medicines Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency is reviewing the evidence and will make a decision next week.

Starch drips are mainly used to replace lost blood volume in hypovolaemia and hypovolaemic shock. They are used in critically ill patients such as those with sepsis, burn, or trauma injuries and patients …
2002 Presidential Address: A Tide in the Affairs of Medicine
Authors: Christopher D Saudek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

There is a tide in the affairs of men Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries.  —Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, act iv, scene 3I am convinced that at this moment, we are riding a great tide of scientific progress. There are opportunities that have never existed in the history of humankind—opportunities to advance our understanding of diabetes and its treatment, opportunities even to cure diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA), our community of scientists and clinicians throughout the world, and society as a whole must seize these opportunities, or all our lives will, indeed, be bound in the shallows and miseries of unfulfilled possibility.

I would propose that we have reached this moment of scientific opportunity in a relatively short period of time, about 100 years, and that the credit for progress over this past century is due more to the painstaking work of many scientists and clinicians than to the triumphs of a few brilliant discoveries.

Diabetes itself, of course, has been recognized for a long, long time—at least 3,500 years. The ancient Egyptians knew it very well, as documented in the so-called Ebers Papyrus (1). Fifteen hundred years later, Aretaeus (130–200 CE) not only used the term diabetes (from the Greek for siphon), but accurately described the signs and symptoms: It is a dreadful affliction, not very frequent among men, being a melting down of the flesh and limbs into urine. The patient never stops making water, and the flow is incessant, like the opening of aqueducts. (2)Several millennia passed without significant progress in the understanding or management of diabetes. Through the entire span of human history, in fact, from ancient Egypt, the Greek and Roman empires, through the dark …
Needed: Pragmatic Clinical Trials for Statin-Intolerant Patients
Authors: Patricia Maningat, Jan L. Breslow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Statins have adverse effects, but it's difficult to design randomized trials of alternative therapies for statin-intolerant patients. Pragmatic clinical trials, performed in the context of usual care with broad eligibility criteria, are well suited to this purpose.
Czechoslovak Medicine, a Battered Child
Authors: Jaroslav F. Hulka
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> On December 29, 1989, Czechoslovak democracy was reborn when the National Assembly elected Vaclav Havel as the new President. The midwives of this rebirth were students, who went on strike, dared police brutality, and inspired the forces that pushed the old regime out. The country ended 41 years of Communist isolation and must now consider what steps to take to revitalize its economy and society. The new leaders do not beg for help from abroad, but they make it clear that they would welcome it. These events present an opportunity to the American medical community to revive and expand a short-lived noble experiment, the American Medical Teaching Mission of 1946 through 1948. A similar opportunity presented itself at the end of World War II. The country had emerged with the rest of Europe from 6 years of war and occupation, during which the Nazis halted all
STUDIES UPON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON THE GROWTH OF TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE ORGANISM
Authors: Ragnvald Ingebrigtsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

1. There is a great difference between embryonic and adult tissue as far as their growth outside of the organism is concerned. Adult tissue grows only in plasma. Embryonic tissue grows also very well in serum and serum plus agar. In Ringer's solution and in Ringer's solution plus agar no growth occurs, whether embryonic or adult tissue is employed; survival and emigration of cells are seen to some extent. 2. For the growth of connective tissue cells of chick embryo, unheated homogenic serum is a better culture medium than heated serum. The growth of epithelial cells is not thus influenced. 3. Heated heterogenic serum is a better culture medium for growth of embryonic connective tissue cells than unheated. 4. There is an inverse ratio between the hemolytic power of heterogenic sera and the extent of growth of tissue in them. This inverse ratio is not found in heterogenic plasmas.
Mycosis Fungoides Treated With Acyclovir-Reply
Authors: Stephen N. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  We have noted the comments by Mahrle and colleagues regarding the failure of two of their patients with mycosis fungoides to respond to intravenously administered acyclovir. We do not believe that their conclusions are supported by treating only two patients. While acyclovir may not be effective for treating all patients with mycosis fungoides, there may be a population of these patients in whom this drug will be effective.  We have initiated a comprehensive trial of acyclovir in patients with mycosis fungoides at 15 medical centers in the United States. The preliminary results of this trial have demonstrated benefit in some patients.
DETECTION OF REGIONAL LOW MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION HELPS PREDICT A RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY:FIND INDEX BY NUCLEAR IMAGING FOR DYSSYNCHRONY (FIND) STUDY
Authors: Takehiko Keida, Itsuro Morishima, Taketsugu Tsuchiya, Kouichi Sagara, Kaoru Okishige, Kenta Kumagai, Yoshiaki Mibiki, Tamon Yamanaka, Yukihiko Yoshida, Kentaro Nakamura, Akira Yamamoto, Mitsuaki Takami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF FISH OIL FOR PREVENTION OF RESTENOSIS AFTER CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: GreggJ. Reis, MaryEllen Sipperly, CarolynH. Mccabe, FrankM. Sacks, TheresaM. Boucher, DavidI. Silverman, DonaldS. Baim, William Grossman, RichardC. Pasternak
Journal: The Lancet (1989)

To examine the potential role of fish oil supplementation in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a randomised double-blind trial was conducted in 204 patients. The treatment group received 6 g/day of n-3 fatty acids, beginning 5·4 (SD 3·2) days before PTCA, and continuing for 6 months; the control group received olive oil placebo. Compliance was assessed by pill count and plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Restenosis was identified by symptoms and exercise testing and confirmed by angiography. PTCA was successful in 186 patients (93%). The incidence of angiographic restenosis was 34% in the fish oil group and 23% in the control group (relative risk 1·7, 95% CI 0·9-3·4). The lack of benefit of fish oil was not influenced by length of pretreatment, compliance with study medication, or the concentrations of plasma EPA achieved.
Factor XIIIA subunit deficiency due to a homozygous 13-base pair deletion in exon 3 of the A subunit gene
Authors: Shazia Aslam, Derrick J. Bowen, Thaki Mandalaki, Renia Gialeraki, Graham R. Standen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We investigated the molecular basis of factor XIIIA subunit deficiency in a Greek family. Each of the 15 exons of the A subunit gene were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction, using previously reported oligoprimers. The proband with severe deficiency was found to have a homozygous 13-base pair deletion in the 3′ half of exon 3. The deleted sequence, extending from codons 82–86, results in a frameshift and generates a downstream termination codon in exon 4. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis detected no additional mutations in the coding or consensus splice sequences of the A subunit gene. Both parents of the proband were heterozygous for the defect. Only one previous microdeletion (AG dinucleotide) has been reported in the A subunit gene, and was located at the intron B-exon 3 boundary. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this region of the gene is a “hot spot” for microdeletion mutations. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transfer of Gonococcal Urethritis From Man to Chimpanzee
Authors: Charles T. Lucas
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Urethral exudate from human males with gonococcal urethritis was transferred to the urethras of three male chimpanzees. The chimpanzees developed gonococcal urethritis, as demonstrated by the presence of a purulent urethral exudate containing gram-negative intracellular diplococci and the recovery of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>on bacteriological culture media. The gonococcal urethritis was then transferred from chimpanzee to chimpanzee. One chimpanzee developed gonococcal conjunctivitis, presumably by auto-inoculation. All animals developed complement-fixing antibodies to<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>in their sera. It appears, therefore, that an animal model of gonococcal urethritis has been established.
REPORT OF A CASE OF LEFT LATERAL HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA WITH A WOUND IN THE OCCIPITO PARIETAL REGION.Read in the Section of Opthalmology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: ROBERT TILLEY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Cases of well-defined lateral homonymous hemianopsia must ever, in the nature of things, be rare; and such phenomena arising from a wound and uncomplicated with other symptoms, must, if possible, be still rarer. Of course, the impossibility in this case of demonstrating the actual abnormal state of the involved part of the brain detracts from its interest; but there are several questions which arise in connection with such a case which may be profitably passed in review. I will first report the case: W. S., male, 21 years of age, came to the clinic at St. Lukes's Hospital, Chicago; he had previously been to another institution in the city, but, as he was complaining of a noise in the ears, he was referred to the ear department and no observation seems to have been made of the eyes. He still complained of a noise in the head on the left
Medical tourism is a profitable source of income for the NHS, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Private foreign patients are a lucrative source of income for the NHS, a new study has found.1 And medical tourism could be a growth area for NHS trusts now that the cap on income generated from private patients has been removed and trusts can earn up to 49% of their income from private work.

The study published in the open access journal PLoS One also found that despite media reports to the contrary, the United Kingdom is now a net exporter of medical tourists. In 2010 an estimated 63 000 UK residents travelled …
Multisystemic Sarcoidosis With Uncommon Osseous Involvement Demonstrated by Ga-67 Citrate and Tc-99m MDP
Authors: Hulya Ortapamuk, Seniha Naldoken
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Sarcoid bone lesions are uncommon, and involvement is more frequent in the small bones of the hands and feet than in the long bones, vertebrae, or skull. Involvement of the calcaneus is exceedingly rare. The authors report a case of sarcoidosis with calcaneus involvement in addition to long-bone and disseminated multisystem involvement. Ga-67 scanning demonstrated multiple sites of increased uptake in the left ventricle, bony structures, joints, lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue of the extremities, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands. Low-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy provided clinical and scintigraphic improvement.
MNK1 pathway activity maintains protein synthesis in rapalog-treated gliomas
Authors: Michal Grzmil, Roland M. Huber, Daniel Hess, Stephan Frank, Debby Hynx, Gerald Moncayo, Dominique Klein, Adrian Merlo, Brian A. Hemmings
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

High levels of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity in malignant gliomas promote tumor progression, suggesting that targeting mTORC1 has potential as a therapeutic strategy. Remarkably, clinical trials in patients with glioma revealed that rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) have limited efficacy, indicating activation of resistance mechanisms. Targeted depletion of MAPK-interacting Ser/Thr kinase 1 (MNK1) sensitizes glioma cells to the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin through an indistinct mechanism. Here, we analyzed how MNK1 and mTORC1 signaling pathways regulate the assembly of translation initiation complexes, using the cap analog m7GTP to enrich for initiation complexes in glioma cells followed by mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. Association of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) with eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) was regulated by the mTORC1 pathway, whereas pharmacological blocking of MNK activity by CGP57380 or MNK1 knockdown, along with mTORC1 inhibition by RAD001, increased 4EBP1 binding to eIF4E. Furthermore, combined MNK1 and mTORC1 inhibition profoundly inhibited 4EBP1 phosphorylation at Ser65, protein synthesis and proliferation in glioma cells, and reduced tumor growth in an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model. Immunohistochemical analysis of GBM samples revealed increased 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data indicate that rapalog-activated MNK1 signaling promotes glioma growth through regulation of 4EBP1 and indicate a molecular cross-talk between the mTORC1 and MNK1 pathways that has potential to be exploited therapeutically.
Erratum to “Tuning core vs. shell dimensions to adjust the performance of nanoscopic containers for the loading and release of doxorubicin” [J. Control. Release, 2011, 152, 37–48]
Authors: Lily Yun Lin, Nam S. Lee, Jiahua Zhu, Andreas M. Nyström, Darrin J. Pochan, Richard B. Dorshow, Karen L. Wooley
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Fast neutron treatment as an alternative to radical surgery for malignant tumours of the facial area.
Authors: M Catterall, P R Blake, R P Rampling
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thirty one patients with very advanced tumours of the maxillary sinus were treated with fast neutrons. Tumour regressed completely in 29 (94%) and subsequently recurred in four (14%). No surgical excision of bone, skin, or nerve was required, and an artificial eye was well tolerated in cases where the eye received the tumour dose and had to be removed. Complications occurred in 10 patients, two of whom had already received radical x ray treatment. The overall duration of neutron treatment was four weeks, and admission to hospital was usually unnecessary. These results compared well with those obtained with surgery. Surgery with curative intent for even moderately advanced tumours of the facial region, particularly the paranasal sinuses, results in deformity, which is often severe and always irreversible. Even so, the cure rate is only about 35%. The high rates of tumour control and the avoidance of severe cosmetic and functional defects after fast neutron treatment make it an alternative to radical surgery in the management of malignant tumours of the facial area.
Pertussis toxin treatment alters manganese superoxide dismutase activity in lung. Evidence for lung oxygen toxicity in air-breathing rats.
Authors: L B Clerch, G Neithardt, U Spencer, J A Melendez, G D Massaro, D Massaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Exposure of rats to hyperoxia or to treatment with endotoxin, increases lung manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression.However, the paths by which these environ- mental signals are transduced into enhanced MnSOD gene ex- pression are unknown.We now provide evidence that heterotri- meric G proteins are involved in the hyperoxia-induced in- crease in lung MnSOD gene expression but that pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins are not involved in the endotoxin-in- duced elevation of lung MnSOD gene expression.We also show that treating rats with pertussis toxin decreased lung MnSOD activity 50%.This decline in MnSOD activity oc- curred without a change in the lung activity of copper-zinc SOD, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase.In air-breathing rats, the pertussis toxin-induced decrease in MnSOD activity was associated with the development of lung edema, pleural effusion with a high concentration of protein, and biochemical evidence of lung oxygen toxicity.Compared to air-breathing rats, maintenance of pertussis toxin-treated rats under hypoxic or hyperoxic conditions respectively decreased or increased in- trathoracic fluid.Endotoxin treatment elevated lung MnSOD activity and protected pertussis toxin-treated rats from an in- crease in intrathoracic fluid.(J.Clin.Invest.
Correlation of imaging techniques to histopathology in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and clinical suspicion of chronic osteomyelitis. The role of high-resolution ultrasound.
Authors: M D Enderle, S Coerper, H P Schweizer, A E Kopp, M H Thelen, C Meisner, H Pressler, H D Becker, C Claussen, H U Häring, D Luft
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scintigraphy (BS), and plain film radiography (PFR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated 19 consecutive diabetic patients (2 women, 17 men, age 60.7 +/- 9.8 years, BMI 27.0 +/- 3.8 kg/m2) with clinical suspicion of bone infection of the foot. A high-resolution ultrasound system (Esaote/Biosound, Munich) with a linear array transducer up to 13.0 MHz was used. The prospective and blinded results of each method were compared with histopathology as the reference method after metatarsal resection. RESULTS: In 14 of 19 patients, histopathology confirmed osteomyelitis. Ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 79% (PFR, 69%; BS, 83%; MRI, 100%), a specificity of 80% (PFR, 80%; BS, 75%; MRI, 75%), a positive predictive value of 92% (PFR, 90%; BS, 91%; MRI, 93%), and a negative predictive value of 57% (PFR, 50%; BS, 60%; MRI, 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that ultrasound might have a better diagnostic power for detecting chronic osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot than PFR and has similar sensitivity and specificity as BS. MRI is superior to the other three methods. We conclude that the use of ultrasound in the management of the diabetic foot is worthy of further investigation.
A CASE OF MATERNAL TETANY RELIEVED BY PARATHYROID EXTRACT-COLLIP
Authors: HANS LISSER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

One of the oldest known forms of tetany is that associated with pregnancy. As early as 1830, Steinham described the condition, and Dance, in 1831, published his observations. Trousseau, in 1854, proposed the name "rheumatic contracture of nursing women." However, judging from the literature that has since accumulated, this form of tetany is relatively rare. Niderehe<sup>1</sup>states that even in Vienna, an endemic tetany locality, the incidence of maternal tetany to total births is about 3 to 10,000. Adler and Thaler,<sup>2</sup>in Schauta's clinic, observed only nine cases in 30,000 births over a period of ten years. Von Jaschke<sup>3</sup>also states that outspoken tetany in pregnant women is very rare, although he qualifies this by adding that mild manifestations of nervous hyperexcitability are quite frequent. On the other hand, Kehrer<sup>4</sup>suggests that the relative frequency of tetany to total births may vary for, like the epidemic
Acute myeloblastic leukemia and recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Authors: R L Soutar
Journal: BMJ (1991)

instructions, Fenem, New York), but, given the circumstances in which it would most rewardingly be used-cardiac arrests, resuscitation on the ward or in the emergency room, and resuscitation outside hospital by paramedical staff-this is not enough.The device has been shown to be ineffective when wet2; when very cold; when contaminated with lignocaine, atropine, adrenaline, or bicarbonate (which may need to be given through the endotracheal tube); and in the presence of gastric contents.3It may also give a misleading result in cardiac arrest and severe shock which, although due to ineffective resuscitation, may convince the user that the endotracheal tube is in the wrong position and thus lead to unnecessary extubation4Having said this, I must now recommend an alternative.I suggest that the oesophageal detector device is effective and reliable without suffering any of the above problems.In several medium sized studies of the device the accuracy of predictions of placement was 100% and there was no appreciable problem."8I am not aware that it is produced commercially, although this cannot be far off, but it can be made easily from components readily available in all hospitals.This device has a place wherever resuscitation is attempted.As yet the oesophageal detector device is un- proved outside hospitals, but I hope soon to plan such trials with our statewide aeromedical units operated by state police paramedical staff.
Characterization of antibodies to the insulin receptor: a cause of insulin-resistant diabetes in man.
Authors: J S Flier, C R Kahn, D B Jarrett, J Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

We have characterized the circulating inhibitor of insulin receptor binding found in several patients with a new syndrome of extreme insulin resistance. The inhibitor is an immunoglobulin by multiple criteria, including precipitation by 33% ammonium sulfate, migration on G-200 Sephadex gel filtration and DEAE chromatography, and immuno-precipitation with specific anti-human immuno-globulins. Although predominantly IgG, some activity is found in the IgM fraction of the immunoglobulins in one patient. The inhibitory immunoglobulins reacted with antisera to both kappa and lambda light chain determinants and are therefore polyclonal. In addition, activity is retained in the F(ab')2 fraction of pepsin-digested IgG. Evidence suggests that these antibodies are directed at determinants on or near the insulin receptor, and that they are responsible for the observed clinical insulin resistance.
Chernobyl and Leukemia Risk
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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