tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coinhibitory Suppression of T Cell Activation by CD40 Protects Against Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Dennis Wolf, Felix Jehle, Nathaly Anto Michel, Eva Nora Bukosza, Jennifer Rivera, Yung Chih Chen, Natalie Hoppe, Bianca Dufner, Alexandra Ortiz Rodriguez, Christian Colberg, Leandro Nieto, Benjamin Rupprecht, Ansgar Wiedemann, Lisa Schulte, Alexander Peikert, Nicole Bassler, Andrey Lozhkin, Sonja Patricia Hergeth, Peter Stachon, Ingo Hilgendorf, Florian Willecke, Constantin von zur Mühlen, Dominik von Elverfeldt, Christoph J. Binder, Peter Aichele, Nerea Varo, Mark A. Febbraio, Peter Libby, Christoph Bode, Karlheinz Peter, Andreas Zirlik
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Costimulatory cascades such as the CD40L-CD40 dyad enhance immune cell activation and inflammation during atherosclerosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CD40 directly modulates traits of the metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obesity in mice.To induce the metabolic syndrome, wild-type or CD40(-/-) mice consumed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. Unexpectedly, CD40(-/-) mice exhibited increased weight gain, impaired insulin secretion, augmented accumulation of inflammatory cells in adipose tissue, and enhanced proinflammatory gene expression. This proinflammatory and adverse metabolic phenotype could be transplanted into wild-type mice by reconstitution with CD40-deficient lymphocytes, indicating a major role for CD40 in T or B cells in this context. Conversely, therapeutic activation of CD40 signaling by the stimulating antibody FGK45 abolished further weight gain during the study, lowered glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and suppressed adipose tissue inflammation. Mechanistically, CD40 activation decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in T cells but not in B cells or macrophages. Finally, repopulation of lymphocyte-free Rag1(-/-) mice with CD40(-/-) T cells provoked dysmetabolism and inflammation, corroborating a protective role of CD40 on T cells in the metabolic syndrome. Finally, levels of soluble CD40 showed a positive association with obesity in humans, suggesting clinical relevance of our findings.We present the surprising finding that CD40 deficiency on T cells aggravates whereas activation of CD40 signaling improves adipose tissue inflammation and its metabolic complications. Therefore, positive modulation of the CD40 pathway might describe a novel therapeutic concept against cardiometabolic disease.
Stimulation of cholesterol esterification in rhesus monkey arterial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: R W St Clair, B P Smith, L L Wood
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The influence of homologous high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of whole hypercholesterolemic serum on the esterification of oleic acid and cholesterol was studied in rhesus monkey arterial smooth muscle cells. Whole hypercholesterolemic serum and isolated LDL stimulated cholesterol esterification as much as 10-fold using either cholesterol-1,2-3H or oleate-1-14C as substrate. At the same concentrations of cholesterol, HDL stimulated cholesterol esterification to a lesser extent, to a maximum of 3-fold. Associated with the stimulation of cholesterol esterification by LDL or whole hypercholesterolemic serum was a greater than 10-fold increase in the cholesteryl ester content of the arterial smooth muscle cells. Esterification to cholesterol reached a maximum after 8-12 hours of culture with either hypercholesterolemic serum or LDL. The stimulation of esterification was specific for esterification to cholesterol because there was little change in incorporation of fatty acid into triglycerides and phospholipids. These studies provide further evidence that a major consequence of the interaction of plasma LDL with the cellular elements of the arterial wall is a stimulation of cholesterol esterification. These studies, coupled with the observation that cholesteryl esters, more than any other single component, increase in the atherosclerotic artery, suggest an important role of a stimulation in cholesterol esterification in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Mortality and Duration of Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Nauman Qureshi
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  From a nationwide analysis of dialysis units, Held et al 1 appropriately infer that when short-time dialysis (  Dialysis time per week is the product of the duration of the dialysis per session and the number of sessions per week. Most patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease do, in fact, receive dialysis treatment three times a week; however, a minor yet definite proportion receive dialysis either twice or four times a week. If such a variation in the number of sessions per week was present in the patients who were sampled, this would alter the total duration of dialysis per week in a given
The Safety of Treadmill Exercise Stress Testing in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Patricia J. Best
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Exercise stress testing in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms may cause enlargement or rupture of aneurysms. Objective: To evaluate the safety of treadmill exercise stress testing in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: 262 patients who had abdominal aortic aneurysms more than 4 cm in diameter and underwent treadmill exercise stress testing. Measurements: Pain after stress testing, rupture of the aneurysm or death, aneurysm size, and exercise stress test results. Results: The average aneurysm diameter was 5.5 ± 1.1 cm. One patient with a 6.1-cm aneurysm was found to have a contained rupture 12 hours after stress testing. The event rate for aneurysm rupture was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.0% to 2.1%). No deaths or other negative outcomes were documented. Conclusion: Despite theoretical concerns, exercise stress testing of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms seems to be safe and is associated with a low incidence of acute adverse events.
Long-term follow-up after biliary stent placement for postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures: a multicenter study
Authors: N. Tuvignon, C. Liguory, T. Ponchon, B. Meduri, J. Fritsch, J. Sahel, J. Boyer, J. Legoux, J. Escourrou, C. Boustiere, J. Arpurt, M. Barthet, P. Tuvignon, G. Bommelaer, B. Ducot, F. Prat
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de N. Tuvignon et al., pp. 208Endoscopy 2011; 43(03): 249-250DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291808
Selenium deficiency and HIV-associated cardiomyopathy
Authors: G. Barbaro
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dr Yusuf (November 2001 JRSM, p. 609), commenting on my review on cardiovascular manifestations of HIV infection1, raises the question of selenium deficiency. Nutritional deficiencies must certainly be considered as potential aetiologies in HIV-related heart disease, along with myocardial infection with HIV itself, opportunistic infections, viral infections, autoimmune response to viral infection and drug-related cardiotoxicity2. Nutritional deficiencies are common in late-stage disease and may contribute in inducing ventricular dysfunction independently of antiretroviral therapy2. The role of selenium in the development of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is still controversial. The relation between selenium deficiency and cardiomyopathy has also been studied in selenium-deficient mice with contrasting results3. Selenium replacement may reverse cardiomyopathy and restore left ventricular function in nutritionally depleted patients, but the evidence is mainly based on case reports4; controlled prospective clinical trials are lacking. Levels of vitamin B12, carnitine, and growth and thyroid hormone may also be altered in HIV disease5; all have been associated with left ventricular dysfunction in relation to an impairment of the process of oxidative phosphorylation and increased production of free radicals5. Increased lipoperoxidation and reduced glutathione levels may be observed in plasma, in peripheral mononuclear cells and in T lymphocytes of HIV-infected patients6,7, especially those who are coinfected with hepatitis C virus8, independently of nutritional disorders. I agree with Dr Yusuf that nutritional disorders (including selenium deficiency) should be carefully checked in HIV-infected patients but HIV-associated cardiomyopathy should not be compared to Keshan disease because of its multifactorial pathogenesis2.
Darling case revisited
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency
Authors: I. M. Spitz, Y. Diamant, E. Rosen, J. Bell, M. Ben David, W. Polishuk, D. Rabinowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Seven female patients with primary amenorrhea were shown to have isolated gonadotropin deficiency. Thyroid and adrenal function and growth hormone secretion were normal. Basal levels of fo...
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: E A Fagan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is one of the few disorders that adversely affect maternal wellbeing and fetal outcome. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can reduce perinatal mortality.

The condition is the most common liver disorder peculiar to pregnancy and is second to viral hepatitis as a cause of jaundice in the third trimester. It is rarely reported except in Chile, Bolivia, Scandinavia, and China.1 Its true incidence and range are unknown. Generalised pruritus, mild jaundice, and intrahepatic cholestasis in late pregnancy were reported by Ahlfeld in 18832 and later by Eppinger3 and Thorling.4 Svanborg also described fatigue and mild abdominal pain and suggested that the condition resolved rapidly after birth but tended to recur in successive pregnancies.5 Pruritus typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy; is prominent on the arms, legs, and trunk; and progresses until delivery. Jaundice may develop two to four weeks later without progressing.

The pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is unclear. Multiple factors probably interact with a genetic predisposition to alter the membrane composition of bile ducts and hepatocytes and increase their sensitivity to sex steroids. …
Suppression by diets rich in fish oil of very low density lipoprotein production in man.
Authors: P J Nestel, W E Connor, M F Reardon, S Connor, S Wong, R Boston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils lower the plasma triglyceride concentration. We have studied the effect of a diet rich in fish oil on the rate of production of the triglyceride-transporting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Seven subjects, five normal and two with hypertriglyceridemia received up to 30% of daily energy needs from a fish oil preparation that was rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids with five and six double bonds, respectively. Compared with a diet similarly enriched with safflower oil (in which the predominant fatty acid is the omega-6 linoleic acid, with two double bonds), the fish oil diet lowered VLDL lipids and B apoprotein concentrations profoundly. High density lipoprotein lipids and A1 apoprotein were also lowered, but the effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration was inconsistent. The daily production or flux of VLDL apoprotein B, calculated from reinjected autologous 125I-labeled lipoprotein, was substantially less in six subjects studied after 3 wk of fish oil, compared with after safflower oil. This effect on flux was more consistent than that on the irreversible fractional removal rate, which was increased in the four normolipidemic but inconsistent in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects. This suggests that fish oil reduced primarily the production of VLDL. The daily production of VLDL triglyceride, calculated from the kinetics of the triglyceride specific radioactivity-time curves after [3H]glycerol was injected, also showed very substantial reductions in five subjects studied. The marked suppression in VLDL apoprotein B and VLDL triglyceride formation was found not to be due to diminished plasma total free fatty acid or plasma eicosapentaenoic flux, calculated during constant infusions of [14C]eicosapentaenoic acid and [3H]oleic acid in four subjects. In two subjects there was presumptive evidence for substantial independent influx of LDL during the fish oil diet, based on the precursor-product relationship between the intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL apoprotein B specific radioactivity-time curves.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a Associated with Cutaneous Lichen Amyloidosis
Authors: Robert F. Gagel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To describe and characterize the association of hereditary cutaneous lichen amyloidosis with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a (MEN 2a). Design: Survey of a family for two diseases. Setting: Evaluation of patients at a clinical research center. Patients: Nineteen family members with MEN 2a. Measurements and Main Results: In this family cutaneous lichen amyloidosis presented as multiple infiltrated papules overlying a well-demarcated plaque in the scapular area of the back (right or left). Immunohistochemical studies showed amyloid that stained for keratin but not calcitonin. Three family members had the characteristic skin lesion and also carried the gene for MEN 2a; two additional members carried the gene for MEN 2a, but did not manifest the observable skin changes associated with lichen amyloidosis. Conclusions: From the findings in this kindred and in another recently reported but unrelated family with an identical type of pruritic skin rash and MEN 2a, several conclusions can be drawn. First, the syndrome of cutaneous amyloidosis and MEN 2a is a clearly defined autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome. Second, the dermal amyloid appears to be caused by deposition of keratin-like peptides rather than by calcitonin-like peptides. Third, known families with hereditary lichen amyloidosis should be screened to determine the true frequency of this syndrome.
Acute Neck Edema After 131I Ablation of the Thyroid
Authors: Chih Ching Choong, Ling Ling Chan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 36-year-old woman with Graves' disease underwent thyroid ablation with oral I (20 mCi) following poor control of hyperthyroidism with carbimazole. Three days later, she presented to the emergency department with a choking sensation, shortness of breath, dysphagia, neck discomfort, and swelling. The prevertebral soft tissue was grossly thickened on the lateral neck radiograph. An urgent contrast-enhanced CT neck revealed severe neck edema and thyroiditis. TSH and free T4 levels were normal, and the neck swelling gradually resolved with corticosteroids. Acute neck edema is an infrequent complication of I ablation, and cross-sectional imaging is useful to exclude airway compromise or infection.
The Control of Pain in Peripheral Tissue by Opioids
Authors: Christoph Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Pain can be effectively diminished by various endogenous mechanisms within the central nervous system. One region where these mechanisms have been well characterized is the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, in which impulses from peripheral nerves are modulated before they are transmitted centrally to evoke perception and response. Recent research has shown that, in addition to these mechanisms in the central nervous system, intrinsic modulation of nociception can occur at the peripheral terminals of afferent nerves. Specifically, these studies indicate that the immune system can interact with peripheral sensory-nerve endings to inhibit pain.This neuroimmune link was discovered during . . .
Blinding of Clinical Trials With Concurrent Economic Analysis
Authors: Kent Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In contrast to the view of Drs Freemantle and Drummond,<sup>1</sup>I have never seen a distinction between "efficacy" and "effectiveness" trials that holds up to "realworld" testing. The ideal world—real world dichotomy seems initially attractive, but classifying actual trials by this criterion has been difficult. The same is true for the distinction that Schwartz and Lellouch<sup>2</sup>make between explanatory and pragmatic trial designs. These notions become little more than mere assertions of how someone would like things to be. Many trials designed to demonstrate treatment differences in efficacy also have successfully simulated the real world of therapeutics. Trials with only clinical end points could arbitrarily be called "efficacy trials," and those that also use economic end points could be called "effectiveness trials," but then why not simply call these studies "clinical" and "clinical/ economic" trials? However, no trial will attain 100% fidelity with the real
A clinical decision-support system with interactive alerts improved CD4 cell count in HIV
Authors: Michael A. Polis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club16 April 2013A clinical decision-support system with interactive alerts improved CD4 cell count in HIVMichael A. Polis, MD, MPHMichael A. Polis, MD, MPHNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.A.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRobbins GK, Lester W, Johnson KL, et al. Efficacy of a clinical decision-support system in an HIV practice: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:757-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23208165Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: References1 Kellerman AL, Jones SS. What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32:63-8. [PMID: 23297272] Google Scholar2 Le T, Wright EJ, Smith DM, et al. Enhanced CD4+ T-cell recovery with earlier HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:218-30. [PMID: 23323898] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael A. Polis, MD, MPHAffiliations: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.A.P.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 April 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Microbiology Informatics 16 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 8Page: JC11KeywordsClinical decision support systemsComputersHealth information technologyHIVInfectious diseasesLaboratory testsOutpatientsResearch laboratoriesToxicity ePublished: 16 April 2013 Issue Published: 16 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The First Amendment and Cigarette Advertising
Authors: Vincent Blasi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of external negative pressure on pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA clearance in humans.
Authors: Y Suzuki, M Kanazawa, S Fujishima, A Ishizaka, A Kubo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We studied the mechanisms by which pulmonary solute clearance is affected by lung inflation. We examined the pulmonary clearance of inhaled technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) together with changes in lung volumes in healthy men after applying graded levels of continuous external negative pressure (CNP) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The 99mTc-DTPA clearance increased from the baseline during -15 cm H2O CNP (p < 0.005) and during -20 cm H2O CNP (p < 0.001). The 99mTc-DTPA clearance increased during +15 cm H2O PEEP (p < 0.001). However, the changes during both -10 cm H2O CNP and +10 cm H2O PEEP did not differ from the baseline, indicating a threshold effect. On the other hand, changes in FRC during CNP were proportional to the applied pressures and were similar to those during PEEP with corresponding pressures. These results suggest that pulmonary vascular recruitment induced by CNP does not affect pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA clearance. This threshold effect suggests that the increased clearance is due to changes in membrane permeability rather than in the area of the alveolar-capillary interface or the lining layer thickness. We concluded that the effect of lung inflation on solute clearance may be mediated by the changes in membrane permeability.
TCT-708 Long-Term Effectiveness And Safety Of Triple Versus Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention For Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hyun Jong Lee, Young Jin Choi, Ho-Joon Jang, Je Sang Kim, Jin Sik Park, Rak Kyong Choi, Cheol Woong Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)