tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Managing in Academics: A Health Center Model
Authors: Alberto Galofré
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Managing in Academics</i>is a timely book for this period of profound change influencing health care and academic health centers. The book's purpose is to help those steering the academic health center ship navigate safely through rough seas and dangerous reefs, The book succeeds only in part, because during times of rapid change some topics lose their initial wisdom and timeliness by the time they appear in print. Fortunately, most of the contents, distributed through 20 chapters, survive present changes; however, to maintain freshness, some chapters will need frequent updating in future editions. Others may already have become victims of progress. "Computer Systems," for example, reflects a reality several years back and appears outdated. Each chapter can stand by itself. The first and last give the reader an excellent macro view of the challenges facing academic health centers. The respective authors, who are both in charge of academic health centers,
Obesity and inactivity fuel global cancer epidemic
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Obesity and lack of exercise contribute to up to a third of cancers of the colon, breast, kidney, and digestive tract, says a new report from the World Health Organization. The study was prompted by concerns that obesity and its attendant health risks constitute a growing global epidemic.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that obesity causes 300000 deaths in the United States annually, a number exceeded only by deaths related to tobacco. Half of European adults and …
Abstract 1243: Cofilin mediates actin destabilization and shape change in replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence
Authors: Cheng-Han Tsai, Liang-Ting Lin, Yen-Ting Chou, Yi-Jang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest mechanism that prevents indefinite proliferation of mammalian cells. Change of morphology is a common characteristic of senescent cells, while the underlying mechanism has not been completely addressed. In this study, we found that the flattened and enlarged cell shape in aged WI-38 fibroblast was accompanied by reduced actin cytoskeletal organization and up-regulated cofilin-1, a member of actin depolymerization factor family. Up-regulation of cofilin-1 was also detected in various tissues (lung, kidney, heart and liver) of one-year old BALB/c mice compared to that of 6-week old mice. Forced expression of cofilin-1 in early passaged cells accelerated senescence, while knockdown of cofilin-1 in late passaged cells inhibited senescence. Hydrogen peroxide mediated stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) also induced cofilin-1 in human lung cancer cell lines, and this phenomenon was suppressed by knockdown of cofilin-1. Up-regulation of cofilin-1 in SIPS was independent of p53, while p27kip1 was essential for cofilin-1 induced senescence. Knockdown of p27kip1 in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide or in that with over-expressed cofilin alleviated senescence. Moreover, forced expression of cofilin-1 was sufficient to induce senescence in human lung cancer cells and repress the growth of xenograft tumor in NOD-SCID mice. Taken together, we found that cofilin-1 is able to mediate the cell senescence that is important for repressing the cancer development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1243. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1243
Long-term Outcomes of Regional Variations in Intensity of Invasive vs Medical Management of Medicare Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Therese A. Stukel
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The health and policy implications of the marked regional variations in intensity of invasive compared with medical management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are unknown.To evaluate patient clinical characteristics associated with receiving more intensive treatment; and to assess whether AMI patients residing in regions with more intensive invasive treatment and management strategies have better long-term survival than those residing in regions with more intensive medical management strategies.National cohort study of 158,831 elderly Medicare patients hospitalized with first episode of confirmed AMI in 1994-1995, followed up for 7 years (mean, 3.6 years), according to the intensity of invasive management (performance of cardiac catheterization within 30 days) and medical management (prescription of beta-blockers to appropriate patients at discharge) in their region of residence. Baseline chart reviews were drawn from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project and linked to Medicare health administrative data.Long-term survival over 7 years of follow-up.Patient baseline AMI severity was similar across regions. In all regions, younger and healthier patients were more likely than older high-risk patients to receive invasive treatment and medical therapy. Regions with more invasive treatment practice styles had more cardiac catheterization laboratory capacity; patients in these regions were more likely to receive interventional treatment, regardless of age, clinical indication, or risk profile. The absolute unadjusted difference in 7-year survival between regions providing the highest rates of both invasive and medical management strategies and those providing the lowest rates of both was 6.2%. For both ST- and non-ST-segment elevation AMI patients, survival improved with regional intensity of both invasive and medical management. In areas with higher rates of medical management, there appeared to be little or no improvement in survival associated with increased invasive treatment.In elderly Medicare patients with AMI, more intensive medical treatment provides population survival benefits. However, routine use of more costly and invasive treatment strategies may not be associated with an overall population benefit beyond that seen with excellent medical management. Efforts should focus on directing invasive clinical resources to patients with the greatest expected benefit.
Interleukin-1 beta induces cardiac myocyte growth but inhibits cardiac fibroblast proliferation in culture.
Authors: J N Palmer, W E Hartogensis, M Patten, F D Fortuin, C S Long
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), initially called "endogenous pyrogen," is primarily known as a mediator of inflammation. However, it also plays many other diverse physiologic roles including the stimulation and inhibition of both primary cells in culture and the interstitial and parenchymal cells of a number of organs including the heart. In the heart, IL-1 expression has traditionally been reported in situations where there is immunologic myocardial injury such as occurs during transplant rejection and congestive heart failure. For this reason, all of the effects of IL-1 have been presumed to be deleterious. Using a cell culture model which allows both the muscle cells (myocytes) and nonmuscle cells (fibroblasts) to be evaluated separately, we have found that IL-1 induces both cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and reinitiates myocyte DNA synthesis. In stark contrast, IL-1 exerts a potent anti-proliferative effect on cardiac fibroblasts. To our knowledge this is the first report concerning the differential effects of IL-1 on myocardial cell growth in culture and, given the inducible expression of IL-1 by myocardial cells during stress, underscores the importance of investigating the complex nature of the intracardiac cell-cell interactions that occur in the heart.
The anatomic evolution of coronary artery disease demonstrated by coronary arteriography in 256 nonoperated patients.
Authors: A V Bruschke, T S Wijers, W Kolsters, J Landmann
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Coronary arteriography was performed twice in 256 nonoperated patients, including 92 surgical candidates who were recatheterized because of the long wait for surgery. Criteria to define progression and regression were established in advance. Analysis of separate segments, reflecting separate lesions, revealed that progression percentages increased proportionally with the degree of initial narrowing and the interval between catherizations, ranging from 1.2% to more than 20%. The highest progression percentages were shown by the proximal right coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery distal to the first septal and first diagonal branches, and the obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex artery. In 56.3% of the patients, progression was found in at least one segment, ranging from 40% in patients who were recatheterized within 1 year to 92% in patients who were recatheterized after 5 years or longer (p less than 0.025). In 12 patients (4.7%), regression had occurred; in two cases obstructions had reverted to less than 50% narrowing. Regression was associated with progression in other branches in three cases. Indications for recatheterization did not correlate significantly with progression, but a higher progression percentage was found in patients who had sustained a myocardial infarction during follow-up than in those who had not (p less than 0.05). Comparison of potential surgical procedures based on the first and second angiogram revealed that at the second catheterization more distal anastomoses were required to achieve complete revascularization in 29.3% of the patients and that left ventricular contractions had deteriorated markedly in 15.6%. These fractions correlated with the duration of the interval between catheterizations.
Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for polycystic ovary syndrome on chromosome 2p16.3, 2p21 and 9q33.3
Authors: Zi-Jiang Chen, Han Zhao, Lin He, Yuhua Shi, Yingying Qin, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Li You, Junli Zhao, Jiayin Liu, Xiaoyan Liang, Xiaoming Zhao, Junzhao Zhao, Yingpu Sun, Bo Zhang, Hong Jiang, Dongni Zhao, Yuehong Bian, Xuan Gao, Ling Geng, Yiran Li, Dongyi Zhu, Xiuqin Sun, Jin-e Xu, Cuifang Hao, Chun-e Ren, Yajie Zhang, Shiling Chen, Wei Zhang, Aijun Yang, Junhao Yan, Yuan Li, Jinlong Ma, Yueran Zhao
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: Rationale, Findings, and Future Directions
Authors: Richard F. Hamman, Ronny A. Bell, Dana Dabelea, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Lawrence Dolan, Giuseppina Imperatore, Jean M. Lawrence, Barbara Linder, Santica M. Marcovina, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Catherine Pihoker, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Sharon Saydah
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study was initiated in 2000, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, to address major knowledge gaps in the understanding of childhood diabetes. SEARCH is being conducted at five sites across the U.S. and represents the largest, most diverse study of diabetes among U.S. youth. An active registry of youth diagnosed with diabetes at age &amp;lt;20 years allows the assessment of prevalence (in 2001 and 2009), annual incidence (since 2002), and trends by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and diabetes type. Prevalence increased significantly from 2001 to 2009 for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in most age, sex, and race/ethnic groups. SEARCH has also established a longitudinal cohort to assess the natural history and risk factors for acute and chronic diabetes-related complications as well as the quality of care and quality of life of persons with diabetes from diagnosis into young adulthood. Many youth with diabetes, particularly those from low-resourced racial/ethnic minority populations, are not meeting recommended guidelines for diabetes care. Markers of micro- and macrovascular complications are evident in youth with either diabetes type, highlighting the seriousness of diabetes in this contemporary cohort. This review summarizes the study methods, describes key registry and cohort findings and their clinical and public health implications, and discusses future directions.
In the Process of Solution
Authors: Lee B. Lusted
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

J. Willard Gibbs remarked on the occasion of receiving the Rumsford Medal (1881), "One of the principal objects of theoretical research in any department of knowledge is to find the point of view from which the subject appears in its greatest simplicity." Research on the various aspects of medical decision making during the past 20 years has attempted to find a point of view. I believe a point of view can be defined although development of methods and applications are still in the process of solution. The papers in this issue of The New England Journal of Medicine present a . . .
Social and emotional complications in a clinical trial among adolescents with diabetes mellitus.
Authors: A L Kinmonth, M K Lindsay, J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Observations are reported on the social and emotional events occurring among children with diabetes mellitus and their families while taking part in a demanding clinical trial. Participants were selected on the basis of: (1) age over 10 years, (2) "informed consent," (3) cooperation with diabetic care, and (4) family stability. Despite endeavours to apply these criteria, it subsequently emerged that one father had doubts about his daughter participating; one family was suffering from severe marital discord; a girl (11 years) and a boy (10 years) were unexpectedly distressed by the venepunctures required; and another girl (13 years) was falsifying the results of her urine tests. All the families wished to complete the trial, and only one did not because of recurrent hypoglycaemia. The psychosocial problems encountered during the trial were unpredictable and occurred despite selection. Documentation of these problems allowed appropriate emotional support to be offered to the children and their families and provided for a fuller and more reliable interpretation of the trial results than would have been possible from the numerical data alone.
Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 Couples Reverse Cholesterol Transport to Inflammation
Authors: Kathleen A. Smoak, Jim J. Aloor, Jennifer Madenspacher, B. Alex Merrick, Jennifer B. Collins, Xuewei Zhu, Giorgio Cavigiolio, Michael N. Oda, John S. Parks, Michael B. Fessler
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Renal replacement therapy among disadvantaged populations in Mexico: A report from the Jalisco Dialysis and Transplant Registry (REDTJAL)
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, J. Francisco Monteon-Ramos, Hector Garcia-Bejarano, Benjamin Gomez-Navarro, Imelda Hernandez Reyes, Ana Maria Lomeli, Miguel Palomeque, Laura Cortes-Sanabria, Hugo Breien-Alcaraz, Norma M. Ruiz-Morales
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Lake Effect: A Heart Sonnet
Authors: Michelle Perez
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidermal nuclear immunoglobulin deposits in some connective tissue diseases: correlation with ENA antibodies.
Authors: I Andersen, P Andersen, P Elling, H Graudal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

In-vivo nuclear deposits of IgG were demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence in epidermal cells of normal skin from 6 patients with serum antibodies to an RNase-sensitive extractable nuclear antigen (ENA). Addition of complement to the skin sections showed that C3 could bind to epidermal cells with IgG deposits. A skin biopsy from a patient with polymyositis and serum antibodies to ENA, but without nuclear IgG deposits, showed nuclear binding of C3 after addition of complement to the skin sections. The clinical diagnoses of patients with immunofluorescent staining of epidermal cells were mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) 4 cases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 2 cases, and polymyositis 1 case. No epidermal nuclear IgG deposits could be demonstrated in 5 cases of SLE, 2 cases of MCTD, one case of polymyositis, or 15 cases of rheumatoid arthritis without antibodies to ENA.
Tax cuts may be needed to "level playing field" for private providers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Too few tendering opportunities, different tax rules for private providers, and prices that did not reflect the full costs of services were affecting the ability of different providers to bid to run NHS services, stakeholders have told Monitor, the economic regulator of the NHS.

Staff terms and conditions in the NHS, including pensions, and the inability of private companies to access central schemes such as insurance and information technology services could also mean that some providers were not operating on a “fair playing field” in comparison with NHS providers.

These issues could form the basis of new policies that the government was …
PET Manifestation in Different Types of Pathology in Epilepsy
Authors: Roland Talanow, Paul Ruggieri, Andreas Alexopoulos, Deepak Lachhwani, Guiyun Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

To investigate the metabolic behavior of different disease processes and pathology in epilepsy, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images of 280 patients with refractory epilepsy who had been surgically treated were retrospectively analyzed. The image findings were compared with the surgical pathology report. For all the pathology types reported, the major manifestations were regional hypometabolism. Of patients with sclerosis 92.1% (153/166) demonstrated FDG hypometabolism; 5.4% (9/166) were normometabolic and 2.4% (4/166) had increased FDG uptake (hypermetabolism). Of patients with malformation of cortical development, 84.5% (60/71) demonstrated hypometabolism, 8.4% (6/71) hypermetabolism, and 7% (5/71) showed normal metabolism. All of the neoplasms (24/24) and inflammatory processes (25/25) showed regional hypometabolism. The study suggests that although the major findings on FDG-PET in patients with refractory epilepsy are hypometabolic, attention should also be paid to patients with regional hypermetabolism, which might sufficiently localize the seizure origin. It might be worthwhile to repeat the study if no regions of hypometabolism are found and the electroencephalography suggests frequent spiking activity.
Glutathione, cell proliferation, and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in K562 leukemia.
Authors: H Frischer, E J Kennedy, R Chigurupati, M Sivarajan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have pursued our findings of glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) deficiency and disturbed glutathione in cancer patients treated with 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), by investigating how thiol metabolism, cell proliferation, and the nitrosourea interact in human K562 leukemia. Fasting cells arrested in G greatly increased their reduced glutathione (GSH) in response to growth factors. The rise in thiol began after several hours, peaked before DNA synthesis, and resulted from increased production. BCNU inactivated GSSG-R rapidly, and later retarded, doubled, and greatly prolonged GSH formation before stopping DNA synthesis. Pretreatment unlike post treatment with buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine (BSO) diminished BCNU's ability to block GSSG-R. Enzyme inhibition decreased with falling cellular GSH. In the leukemia system as in vivo, sequential BCNU-induced thiol alterations heralded delayed antiproliferative effects. Drug timing markedly affected both thiol and DNA syntheses. By destroying GSSG-R and delaying the upregulation of thiol synthesis while escalating GSH utilization and requirements, the nitrosourea created a striking and previously unrecognized window of vulnerability for GSH-dependent processes. During this period, altered GSH metabolism could contribute indirectly to BCNU's pleiotropic effects by interfering with DNA alkylation repair, glucose decarboxylation, deoxyribose formation, and possibly by influencing other aspects of proliferation. Acquired GSSG-R deficiency was also an early and sensitive marker for prodrug breakdown and activation.
Risk of diabetes in the new diagnostic category of impaired fasting glucose: a prospective analysis.
Authors: O Vaccaro, G Ruffa, G Imperatore, V Iovino, A A Rivellese, G Riccardi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate progression to diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose regulation as defined according to fasting glucose alone or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (i.e., both fasting and postload glucose) to compare the ability of these two screening methods to identify people at high risk of developing diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A working population of 1,245 nondiabetic telephone company employees aged 40-59 years was studied by OGTT in 1980. Participants were classified according to baseline fasting glucose only (as encouraged by the American Diabetes Association [ADA]) or OGTT (as recommended by the 1998 World Health Organization [WHO] consultation). Progression to diabetes was evaluated 11.5 years later according to the 1997 ADA criteria of a fasting plasma glucose level &amp;gt; or =7.0 mmol/l. RESULTS: With the use of the OGTT, baseline prevalence of impaired glucose regulation was substantially higher than that with fasting glucose alone (7.2 vs. 3.2%); the two groups only overlap for 40.9% of the cases because a fairly large number of people with postload hyperglycemia (59.1%) have normal fasting glucose. Progression to diabetes in participants with normal fasting glucose and postload hyperglycemia is significantly more frequent than that of people with normoglycemia (32.5 vs. 7.2%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and not significantly different from that of people with both fasting and postload hyperglycemia (i.e., 44.0%). However, the former are not identified as being at unusually high risk of diabetes unless an OGTT is performed. When the use of fasting glucose alone or OGTT was validated as a marker of progression to diabetes, sensitivity was substantially higher for the OGTT (33.3 vs. 9.0%) without major differences in specificity (92.6 vs. 97.0%). CONCLUSIONS: These data (the only data so far available in Caucasians) support the viewpoint that for the identification of people at high risk of diabetes, the use of the OGTT should be maintained.
Reduced Uptake of Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals Related to Iron Excess
Authors: J. Anthony Parker, Alun G. Jones, Michael A. Davis, Gaellan Mcilmoyle, Donald E. Tow
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A suggestive relationship between the degree of iron overload and decreased skeletal uptake of phosphorus containing bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals was noted in four patients. It is postulated that iron excess may affect the organ distribution of bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals (phosphates and phosphonates) and that iron overload may account for some of the poor quality of bone scans seen clinically.