tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Widening screening to detect Chlamydia trachomatis is more important than using DNA methods
Authors: A. Herring, O. Caul, I. Paul, P. Horner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The letter from Taylor-Robinson and Robinson on the use of DNA amplification methods for diagnosing chlamydial infections raises several difficult issues.1 The cost of changing to such methods is substantial: we estimate that an additional £5m a year would be required for the current workload in genitourinary medicine. In addition, the substantial costs of training, additional space, and gaining formal accreditation would have to be met before the methods could be …
A7.1 Cultural adaptation and validation of instruments the london fibromyalgia epidemiology study screening questionnaire and fibromyalgia new clinical diagnostic criteria for the portuguese population with fibromyalgia
Authors: Cristina Mesquita, Sofia Lopes, Filipa Araújo, Alice Vitorino, Inês Neves, Daniela Silva, Patrícia Lopes, Excelsa Moreira, Ana Carneiro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Fibromyalgia it is recognised as a chronic condition because of high morbidity. Usually classified as a disease by the absence of functional organic changes, the diagnosis is controversial and takes approximately 2 to 3 years to be established by a rheumatologist. To minimize this gap, as well as the negative impact on quality of life of patients and the socio-economic context of the country concerned can resort to the administration of validated questionnaires. They also facilitate the collection of reliable information and its comparison with international studies in the scientific community. The objective of this study is culturally adapt and validate the instruments The London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study Screening Questionnaire (LFESSQ) and Clinical New Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria (NCFDC) for the Portuguese population with FM. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We administered the English version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ - P) and Portuguese versions of the new LFESSQ NDFDC and a sample of 82 individuals, in which 51 had a clinical diagnosis of FM and 31 showed no turning administer the LFESSQ and NDFDC after 10 days. These new versions of cultural adaptation resulted according to the Guidelines of the ERGHO and were subjected to the study of its psychometric properties. <h3>Results</h3> After obtaining the conceptual and semantic equivalence of translated versions of LFESSQ and NDFDC, these instruments have demonstrated good levels of reliability (Cohen9s kappa of 0.78 and 0.88, respectively). Verified the construct validity by correlations with the FIQ (from 0.63 to 0.76 and for LFESSQ NCFDC). The results also showed that the instruments are sensitive, with values ​​between 72.6% and 78.4%, and specific, with values ​​between 93.4% and 96.8%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Portuguese versions of the LFESSQ and NCFDC for the Portuguese population with FM have clarity and understanding, construct validity and good levels of reproducibility. The instruments also showed sensitivity and specificity.
Inequalities in health within the health sector.
Authors: R. Balarajan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Mortality among men employed in the health sector was examined using data surrounding the 1971 (1970-2) and 1981 (1979-83) censuses to assess the differences between social classes in the health service and to study changes over a decade. Relative to men in England and Wales, mortality in the 1980s was significantly lower among dentists (standardised mortality ratio 66), doctors (69), opticians (72), and physiotherapists (79) and significantly higher among hospital porters (151), male nurses (118), and ambulancemen (109). Mortality from lung cancer among hospital porters (185) was more than fivefold that seen in doctors (33) and dentists (37). Ischaemic heart disease varied twofold, being lowest in dentists (60) and doctors (70) and highest in hospital porters (138). Over the decade mortality from lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease declined in all groups except hospital porters, ambulancemen, and orderlies. Most groups showed excess deaths from suicides and cirrhosis of the liver. Differences in mortality between health workers in social class I and those in social class IV widened between the 1970s and 1980s and to a greater extent than among the general population. The high mortality of some groups within the NHS, and the fact that differentials between social classes have widened more than in the general population, suggest that the NHS needs to pay more attention to the health of its own staff.
Sarcoidosis and Mediastinal Mass
Authors: WILLIAM E. MAST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1973Sarcoidosis and Mediastinal MassWILLIAM E. MAST, ERNEST W. HETRICK, BERNARD J. PODURGIELWILLIAM E. MASTSearch for more papers by this author, ERNEST W. HETRICKSearch for more papers by this author, BERNARD J. PODURGIELSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-1-141 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Sarcoidosis may present in many different forms. Many radiographic findings have been described, including bilateral hilar adenopathy, paratracheal nodes, and various pulmonary infltrates (1). An article in the January 1973 issue (pp. 65-72) provides an analysis of the clinical interpretation of hilar adenopathy and notes that patients with sarcoidosis were not found to have an anterior mediastinal mass. We wish to report a recent case illustrating the exception.Patient H.S. is a 30-year old asymptomatic white man who on routine chest X ray had an anterior mediastinal mass with bilateral hilar adenopathy. The physical examination was normal....Reference1. FREUNDLICHLIBSCHITZGRASSMAN IHL: Sarcoidosis. Typical and atypical thoracic manifestations and complications. Clin Radiol 21:376-383, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM E. MAST; ERNEST W. HETRICK; BERNARD J. PODURGIEL PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTiróide ectópica: A propósito de um caso clínicoTiróide ectópica: A propósito de um caso clínico 1 July 1973Volume 79, Issue 1Page: 141-141KeywordsSarcoidosisThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
JAK2 V617F mutation is a rare event in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: M Zecca, G Bergamaschi, C Kratz, E Bergsträßer, C Danesino, P De Filippi, H Hasle, D Lisini, F Locatelli, A Pession, L Sainati, J Starý, M Trebo, M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, D Wójcik, C M Niemeyer
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: cancer work group summary.
Authors: A F Olshan, L Anderson, E Roman, N Fear, M Wolff, R Whyatt, V Vu, B A Diwan, N Potischman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We considered whether there are discrete windows of vulnerability in the development of cancer and which time periods may be of the greatest importance. Cancer was considered broadly, including cancers in childhood as well as adult cancers that may have an in utero or childhood origin. We concluded that there was evidence from animal and epidemiologic studies for causal relationships for preconceptional, in utero, and childhood exposures and cancer occurrence in children and adults. However, the evidence is incomplete and all relevant critical windows may not have been identified. The comprehensive evaluation of the relative importance of specific time windows of exposure is limited. Improvements in the design of epidemiologic studies and additional animal studies of mechanisms are warranted.
Abacavir Substitution for Nucleoside Analogs in Patients With HIV Lipoatrophy&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Andrew Carr
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextPeripheral lipoatrophy may complicate antiretroviral therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, often related to duration and type of nucleoside analog therapy, and may have a mitochondrial pathogenesis. No proven therapy exists for lipoatrophy, but abacavir is a nucleoside analog that may be less toxic to mitochondria.ObjectiveTo determine if substitution of stavudine or zidovudine with abacavir improves HIV lipoatrophy without affecting control of HIV replication.DesignRandomized, open-label 24-week study.SettingSeventeen hospital HIV outpatient clinics and primary care centers in Australia and England, with randomization from June 2000 through January 2001.ParticipantsA total of 111 adults (109 men) with moderate or severe lipoatrophy who were receiving stavudine (n = 85) or zidovudine (n = 26) and had stable plasma HIV RNA levels below 400 copies/mL and no prior abacavir therapy.InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to switch from stavudine or zidovudine to abacavir, 300 mg twice per day, while continuing all other antiretroviral therapy (n = 54) or to continue all antiretroviral therapy (n = 57).Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary end point was limb fat mass, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; key secondary end points were plasma HIV RNA levels, adverse events, physician-assessed (via subjective measures) lipodystrophy severity, total and central fat mass, and fasting metabolic (lipid, glycemic, and lactate) levels.ResultsThere was a significant increase in limb fat in the abacavir group relative to the stavudine/zidovudine group (0.39 vs 0.08 kg; mean difference, 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.57 kg), as well as significant relative increases in subcutaneous thigh (P = .01), arm (P&lt;.001), and abdominal (P = .001) fat areas on computed tomography. Switching had no significant effect on secondary end points, including plasma HIV RNA (for unadjusted comparison between groups at week 24, odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.48-3.96). Change in limb fat mass at week 24 did not correlate with change in subjectively determined perceived lipoatrophy severity (r = −0.06; P = .53 by Spearman correlation). Hypersensitivity to abacavir was seen in 5 patients (10%).ConclusionsIn this sample of lipoatrophic HIV-infected adults, switching from stavudine or zidovudine to abacavir for 24 weeks led to significant, albeit modest, objectively measured increases in limb fat. Clinical lipoatrophy, as assessed subjectively, did not resolve, however, and at the rate of increase observed may take years to resolve with use of this strategy. Longer-term follow-up is needed.
Online Submission of Manuscripts
Authors: Edward W. Campion, Pamela Miller, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Authors can now submit manuscripts to the Journal electronically. This option is possible with a new, secure system for electronic submission that can be found in the section for authors on our Web site (http://www.nejm.org/hfa/). Electronic submission is possible for almost all types of manuscripts. For Images in Clinical Medicine, however, submission must still be by mail, given the importance of the quality of the photographs. By whatever means a manuscript is submitted, it must meet all of the Journal 's usual criteria. The system provides electronic forms that include instructions on how to submit a cover letter, provide all . . .
Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Samarium-153 Lexidronam Treatment in a Patient with Prostate Cancer and Metastatic Bone Pain
Authors: YUSUF MENDA, DAVID L. BUSHNELL, RICHARD D. WILLIAMS, SARA MILLER, MITCHELL O. THOMAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A patient with stage D3 prostate cancer was given 11 separate doses of samarium-153 lexidronam (Sm-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate) of 1 mCi/kg (37 MBq/kg) in a period of 28 months for bone pain from metastases. With the first five doses, Sm-153 lexidronam clearly reduced his bone pain and improved his quality of life, as determined by pain-assessment scores and the patient’s self-assessment of its effect on his ability to perform activities of daily living. With doses 6 through 11, pain at baseline was on average less, and as a result beneficial effects after treatment were not as apparent. Samarium-153 lexidronam produced transient decreases in the leukocyte and platelet counts, but these never became low enough to cause clinical concern. This case shows both the efficacy and the safety of Sm-153 lexidronam in repeated treatments for metastatic bone pain in patients with prostate cancer.
Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering
Authors: Dwight K. Oxley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This book demonstrates the value failure has in achieving success. Written by an engineer, the chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University, it illustrates principles as important to the successful practice of medicine as they are to engineering. The book comprises case histories of engineering failures, dating back to the first century BCE. The most dramatic examples are bridges that collapsed and ships that sank; the most recent is the 1981 collapse of an interior walkway of a large Kansas City, Mo, hotel in which more than 100 people died. The importance of the case histories, aside from their historical interest and the beauty of nature that the physical principles reveal, resides in the author's analyses of the way in which failure occurred, and how, in retrospect, failure made a unique contribution to eventual success. How is this related to medical practice? Petroski's analytic style
LARYNGEAL TUBERCLE TREATED BY TUBERCULIN.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: A. J. ERWIN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

diminishes.Sometimes it is improved greatly and immediately by the operation, as the removal of dis¬ eased bonelets, svnechial bands and infiltrated mem-
Cervical cancer screening: Paragraph for This week in the BMJ was misleading
Authors: J. Weintraub
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Coste et al evaluated different techniques in gynaecological cytology,1 but I could not find any comments in the paper about whether replacement of the conventional Pap smear by liquid based methods should be reconsidered, although this was highlighted in the accompanying paragraph for This week in the BMJ , “New cervical smear tests …
The Symbol of Modern Medicine
Authors: Neni Prasad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 February 2004The Symbol of Modern MedicineNeni Prasad, MDNeni Prasad, MDFrom Springfield, IL 62704.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed the erudite article by Drs. Wilcox and Whitham about the symbol of medicine (1). Semiotics is defined as “a general philosophical theory of signs and symbols that deals especially with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages, and comprises the three branches of syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics.” Semiotics was first studied by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in the early 20th century and was later advanced by Roland Barthes (1915–1980) of France.Carl G. Jung wrote, “A symbol is a term, a name, or even a picture that may be familiar in daily ...References1. Wilcox RA, Whitham EM. The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:673-7. [PMID: 12693891] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Jung CG. Man and His Symbols. New York: Dell; 1968:3-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Springfield, IL 62704. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Symbol of Modern Medicine: Why One Snake Is More Than Two* Robert A. Wilcox and Emma M. Whitham The Symbol of Modern Medicine Adrian G. Letz The Symbol of Modern Medicine Drew Hause The Symbol of Modern Medicine Meyer D. Lifschitz The Symbol of Modern Medicine Sarkis J. Chobanian The Symbol of Modern Medicine David P. Steensma The Symbol of Modern Medicine Konstantinos Paparounas The Symbol of Modern Medicine Jamie Newman The Symbol of Modern Medicine Robert A. Wilcox and Emma M. Whitham The Symbol of Modern Medicine Michael E. Toedt and Dominique M. Gooby Toedt Metrics 17 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 4Page: 309KeywordsHealth care sectorPerception ePublished: 17 February 2004 Issue Published: 17 February 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Contraindicated Use of Bevacizumab and Toxicity in Elderly Patients With Cancer
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Jason D. Wright, Emerson Lim, Donna L. Buono, Wei Yann Tsai, Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Drugs are approved on the basis of randomized trials conducted in selected populations. However, once approved, these treatments are usually expanded to patients ineligible for the trial. Patients and Methods We used the SEER-Medicare database to identify subjects older than 65 years with metastatic breast, lung, and colon cancer, diagnosed between 2004 and 2007 and undergoing follow-up to 2009, who received bevacizumab. We defined a contraindication as having at least two billing claims before bevacizumab for thrombosis, cardiac disease, stroke, hemorrhage, hemoptysis, or GI perforation. We defined toxicity as first development of one of these conditions after therapy. Results Among 16,085 metastatic patients identified, 3,039 (18.9%) received bevacizumab. Receipt of bevacizumab was associated with white race, later year of diagnosis, tumor type, and decreased comorbid conditions. Of patients who received bevacizumab, 1,082 (35.5%) had a contraindication. In multivariate analysis, receipt of bevacizumab with a contraindication was associated with black race (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.9), increased age, comorbidity, later year of diagnosis, and lower socioeconomic status. Patients with lung (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.4) and colon cancer (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9) were more likely to have a contraindication. In the group with no contraindication, 30% had a complication after bevacizumab; black patients were more likely to have a complication than were white patients (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.93). Conclusion Our study demonstrates widespread use of bevacizumab among patients who had contraindications. Black patients were less likely to receive the drug, but those who did were more likely to have a contraindication. Efforts to understand toxicity and efficacy in populations excluded from clinical trials are needed.
Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: From official recommendations to the real life
Authors: Jean-Claude Trinchet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

COMMENTARY ON:Use of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with cirrhosis in the United States. Davila JA, Morgan RO, Richardson PA, Du XL, McGlynn KA, El-Serag HB. Hepatology 2010 Jul;52(1):132–41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578139
Contraceptives, pregnancy, and RA
Authors: A J Silman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Oral contraceptive use and pregnancy are associated with a good prognosis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease with a markedly greater incidence in women,1 suggesting perhaps the importance of sex hormones in disease susceptibility. Serum oestrogen levels are not, however, raised in women with RA,2 although in animal studies they have been shown possibly to be proinflammatory.3 It is against this background that the consistent observation that oral contraceptive (OC) use is probably protective for development of RA is, at first sight, surprising.4 One explanation might be that it is not the use of OCs themselves that is important but rather that their use is associated with delaying or reducing the likelihood of pregnancy. The latter has been shown to be important as the postpartum period is a time of increased risk of disease onset.5

A separate question, however, emerges as to whether continuing OC use or subsequent pregnancy influences disease outcome in women who have already developed RA. This is an issue of practical relevance …
Personnel radiation dosimetry in drug photosensitivity: field study of patients on phenothiazine therapy
Authors: M.F. CORBETT, A. DAVIS, I.A. MAGNUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

A lapel badge dosimeter sensitive to short wave UVR has been used in a preliminary trial to survey photosensitivity in psychiatric patients on phenothiazine therapy. The badge was found easy to use and the results suggest that chlorpromazine is more photosensitizing than other phenothiazines.
Glycated Proteins Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Min Zhang, Ay Lin Kho, Narayana Anilkumar, Rakesh Chibber, Patrick J. Pagano, Ajay M. Shah, Alison C. Cave
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Nonenzymatic glycation that results in the production of early-glycation Amadori-modified proteins and advanced-glycation end products may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. However, the effects of early-glycated proteins, such as glycated serum albumin (Gly-BSA), are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Gly-BSA on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by cardiomyocytes.Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with Gly-BSA or vehicle (bovine serum albumin [BSA]) for up to 48 hours. Gly-BSA dose-dependently increased in situ ROS production (whole-cell dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence), with an optimum effect at 400 microg/mL after 24-hour incubation (152+/-10% versus BSA 100%; P<0.01). Treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, a Nox2 (gp91phox) antisense oligonucleotide (Nox2 AS), or the peptide gp91ds-tat significantly reduced Gly-BSA-induced ROS production at 24 hours (68.5+/-2.2%, 61.4+/-8.3%, and 53.2+/-5.4% reduction, respectively). NADPH-dependent activity in cell homogenates was also significantly increased by Gly-BSA at 24 hours (161+/-8% versus BSA) and was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, apocynin, NOX2AS, and the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I but not by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or mitochondrial inhibitors. Furthermore, bisindolylmaleimide I prevented Gly-BSA-stimulated Rac1 translocation, an essential step for NADPH oxidase activation. Gly-BSA-induced increases in ROS were associated with apocynin-inhibitable nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB and an increase in atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression.Gly-BSA stimulates cardiomyocyte ROS production through a protein kinase C-dependent activation of a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase, which results in nuclear factor-kappaB activation and upregulation of atrial natriuretic factor mRNA. These findings suggest that early-glycated Amadori products may play a role in the development of diabetic heart disease.
VARIABILITY OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW DEFECTS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ON 123IODO-ISOPROPYL-AMPHETAMINE AND SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: C. Derouesne, G. Rancurel, M. Le Poncin Lafitte, J.R. Rapin, N.A. Lassen
Journal: The Lancet (1985)