tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hypertension among patients with atopic dermatitis: reply from author
Authors: M. Uehara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, After reading the letter by Abramovits et al. I thought that the great disparity between their research results and our data was mainly due to differences in the method of diagnosing atopic dermatitis. In our study,1 we observed skin symptoms in all patients, and diagnosed their skin disease as atopic dermatitis by using the internationally accepted diagnostic criteria of Hanifin and Rajka.2 Thus, I believe that our patients were all typical cases of atopic dermatitis. In the study of Ellis et al.3 patients' skin symptoms were not observed; the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was made on the basis of health care claims data obtained from different payer populations. It is then evident that their diagnosis lacked accuracy and might have been used too broadly. The diagnostic confusion makes it difficult to compare their research results with our data. Nevertheless, as information on blood pressure in patients with atopic dermatitis is scant,1 further studies in different countries are needed to determine the prevalence of hypertension in patients suffering from the disease.
Consultation opens on guidance for prosecuting in cases of assisted dying
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Friends or relatives who help a loved one to commit suicide will not be prosecuted if the would be suicide has a clear and settled intention to die and the helper does not encourage the suicide but assists out of compassionate motives, say guidelines issued this week by the director of public prosecutions for England and Wales.

The policy statement from Keir Starmer comes after a legal victory by Debbie Purdy, who has primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The ruling, from the UK’s highest court, required the director of public prosecution to clarify …
Medical Indigency and the Public Health Care Crisis
Authors: Donald O. Nutter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The inability to gain access to, or to pay for, health care because of financial disadvantage constitutes medical indigency, perhaps the most perplexing and embarrassing problem that confronts American medicine today. The medically indigent, who by definition lack adequate health insurance, constitute a diverse group that includes poor people who have no public insurance, substantial numbers of unemployed or self-employed persons who are uninsured, many employees of small businesses that do not provide health care benefits, elderly people eligible for Medicare but requiring extended-care facilities and services, and patients in high-risk medical categories who are uninsurable. As the organization and . . .
Luteinizing Hormone–Releasing Hormone and Postmenopausal Flushing
Authors: Hans de Boer, Petri van Gastel, Adriaan van Sorge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The trigger for postmenopausal flushing is incompletely understood1; therefore, it has been difficult to develop new treatments. Neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as increased activity...
Functional assessment of p53 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M Le Garff-Tavernier, H Blons, F Nguyen-Khac, M Pannetier, M Brissard, S Gueguen, F Jacob, L Ysebaert, S A Susin, H Merle-Béral
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Several prognostic factors are used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to predict disease progression at diagnosis and to help guide therapeutic choices. Among these factors, the detection of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17, where the tumor suppressor gene TP53 is located at the 17p13 locus, predicts resistance to standard treatments and poor prognosis.1 Deletions of 17p13 are observed in 5–7% of CLL patients at diagnosis and in 25–40% of cases with advanced refractory disease. Other markers of poor prognosis have been described, such as unmutated IGHV gene status, high levels of thymidine kinase and soluble CD23, CD38 and ZAP-70 expression, as well as other chromosomal aberrations, such as 11q23 deletion. However, defects in the TP53 pathway consistently appear as the most significant adverse prognostic factor in CLL.2
A common allele in RPGRIP1L is a modifier of retinal degeneration in ciliopathies
Authors: Hemant Khanna, Erica E Davis, Carlos A Murga-Zamalloa, Alejandro Estrada-Cuzcano, Irma Lopez, Anneke I den Hollander, Marijke N Zonneveld, Mohammad I Othman, Naushin Waseem, Christina F Chakarova, Cecilia Maubaret, Anna Diaz-Font, Ian MacDonald, Donna M Muzny, David A Wheeler, Margaret Morgan, Lora R Lewis, Clare V Logan, Perciliz L Tan, Michael A Beer, Chris F Inglehearn, Richard A Lewis, Samuel G Jacobson, Carsten Bergmann, Philip L Beales, Tania Attié-Bitach, Colin A Johnson, Edgar A Otto, Shomi S Bhattacharya, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Richard A Gibbs, Robert K Koenekoop, Anand Swaroop, Nicholas Katsanis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Airway inflammation in nonasthmatic subjects with chronic cough.
Authors: L P Boulet, J Milot, M Boutet, F St Georges, M Laviolette
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The physiopathology of chronic cough remains obscure. We evaluated the possibility that chronic cough in nonasthmatic subjects is associated with airway inflammation, and if this is so, what the relationship between this inflammation and the possible etiology of cough might be, as well as its response to inhaled steroids. Nineteen nonsmoking, nonasthmatic subjects referred for a persistent cough (mean: 3.8 yr) were evaluated and compared with 10 normal subjects. The evaluation included a respiratory questionnaire, a physical examination, allergy skin-prick tests, chest and sinus radiographs, esophageal pH monitoring, measurements of expiratory flows, methacholine and citric acid challenges, and flexible bronchoscopy for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsies. Fourteen subjects further accepted participation in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial of inhaled beclomethasone (500 micrograms four times daily) and a placebo for 1 mo each. Four groups of subjects were identified according to the presence of postnasal discharge (n = 4), gastroesophageal reflux (n = 6), both conditions (n = 5), or neither (n = 4). Subjects with chronic cough had an increased number of inflammatory cells in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but there was no significant difference between the four subgroups of coughers. As compared with control subjects, the bronchial biopsies of subjects with chronic cough showed increased epithelial desquamation (p = 0.004) and inflammatory cells (p = 0.005), particularly mononuclear cells (p < 0.01), in addition to submucosal fibrosis, squamous-cell metaplasia, and loss of cilia. These findings were not significantly different between the different etiologic groups. In subjects with chronic cough, basement-membrane thickness was normal and not different from that of control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis: a Large Retrospective Case Series
Authors: F. Augusto, V. Fernandes, M. Cremers, A. Oliveira, C. Lobato, A. Alves, C. Pinho, J. de Freitas
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rarely described entity. Its incidence has not yet been established, and its multifactorial etiology remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to establish the incidence, clinical presentation, endoscopic course, accompanying factors, and pathogenesis of the condition. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histological data and the clinical course in 29 patients with acute necrotizing esophagitis was carried out over a 5-year period. Results: Acute necrotizing esophagitis was observed in 29 of 10 295 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (0.28 %) carried out during the 5-year period. The average age of the patients was 75.24 years (range 40 - 91), and they were predominantly male. Eighty-three percent of the patients had comorbid conditions. In all cases, acute necrotizing esophagitis became evident with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, without hemodynamic stabilization in the majority of cases (75.9 %). The lesions predominantly affected the lower two-thirds of the esophagus (59 %), and there were coexisting abnormal endoscopic findings in 83 % of cases. Empirical supportive therapy, including oral nutritional rest, omeprazole, sucralfate (15 cases) and broad-spectrum antibiotics (7 cases) was provided. The condition resolved in all patients. Ten patients in the group died of other causes (coexisting illnesses). Conclusions: Acute necrotizing esophagitis was more commonly recognized than has previously been reported. It is a serious clinical entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly in elderly patients. The prognosis depends more on the patient's advanced age and on comorbid illnesses than on the course of the esophageal lesions, which resolved in all patients in this series.
Influence of dietary protein restriction on immune competence. I. Effect on the capacity of cells from various lymphoid organs to induce graft-vs.-host reactions.
Authors: R G Bell, L A Hazell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The effect of dietary protein restriction in mice on the capacity of their lymphoid cells to induce graft-vs.-host responses (GVHR) was studied. Mice were fed diets containing 4% or 20% protein ad libitum. The GVHR capacity of cells from all lymphoid organs of deprived mice was increased on a cell-for-cell basis over that of their normally fed counterparts. The slope of the dose-response curves did not change for spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells although their reactivity was increased by fourfold, and 50% respectively. The slope of the curves for thymus and Peyer's patches was changed indicating fundamental changes in the reactive cellular populations of these organs. Changes in GVH reactivity of cell populations from deprived mice were not mediated by increased corticosteroid production as adrenalectomy did not reduce their GVH responses. An explanation for the results was sought in a general decrease in production of short-lived cells with a rapid turnover such as most B cells. Long-lived T cells appear to persist and retain their reactivity for quite long periods in the face of nutritional insults.
The Kerr Symballophone
Authors: Leslie Collins
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was interested to read Dr. Leon Horowitz's reference to Stereophonic Binaural Differential Stethoscope. In the last paragraph he states that neither he nor his colleagues, many of whom were thoracic specialists, had ever heard of such an instrument. The late William J. Kerr, MD, Professor Emeritus of Medicine, University of California Medical School, in the late 30's instructed us with an instrument that he had developed....
Royal Berkshire Hospital
Authors: W. W. Moxhay
Journal: BMJ (1859)

partly solid and partly fluid, was found in the cavity of the peritoneum.The surfaces of this membrane did not look inflamed.On examiuation, a laceration was found at the root of the great omentum, near its attachment to the small end of the stomach.The omentum was here a good deal contused; and several small rents existed in it, both in the descending part and in the part passing on to the colon.In one of these, a large artery was found laid open; and, by pressing on the part, grumous blood could be made to start up from the divided vessel.The viscera of the abdomen were all uninjured and healtly.
Child Injury Intensive Monitoring System
Authors: G. Diggle, G. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A system for the acquisition and recording of child injuries is described. This computer-based system is designed for implementation in three stages. Each successive stage covers wider geographical areas and provides more comprehensive facilities. Stage 1 collects basic identification information on injured children. It provides an intensive monitoring service which alerts the agencies properly concerned with child abuse to repeated or suspicious injury cases. Misleading or suppressed information increases rather than limits the precision of diagnosis. More comprehensive details of those children thought to be at risk are collected when stage 2 is introduced. The printed results of the processing of these details are circulated to certain authorized users, and they are organized for rapid information retrieval. A central office which receives a weekly copy of this cross-referenced file provides a 24-hour information service. In stage 3 a register containing fully structured, standardized case reports will be established. We believe that this system ensures medical confidentiality and respects the rights of parents and children.
Dangerous Symptoms after Injections of Heroin (Diamorphine)
Authors: C. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Dangerous Symptoms after Injections ofHeroin (Diamorphine)It is thought that two recent experiences of the dangers of heroin should be added to the available information.CASE 1 A woman aged 40 spent a fatiguing day in town with her daughter.She travelled 230 miles by rail, dined on the train.did not fancy the meal, and reached home very tired.Next day she vomited repeatedly, diarrhoea developed, and by evening she appeared to be seriously ill.She sent for X.Y.Z., who had known her well for twenty-five years.He found her pale and rather limp.Her pulse was rapid, the systolic pressure 115 mm.Hg, and the breathing shallow and rapid.She stated repeatedly that she felt very ill.There was no rise of temperature nor any signs in abdomen or chest.He decided to give a morphine sedative to check the vomiting and diarrhoea, and chose heroin, as it is said to be less liable than morphine to cause nausea.In three or four previous cases he had injected 1/6 gr.(11 mg.) of heroin with little apparent effect.He therefore took two tablets of this dose, specially prepared for injection, dissolved them in water, and injected them subcutaneously.He waited (fortunately) to see the patient comfortable, and was at first gratified to note that her distress diminished; she was soothed and felt sleepy; she remarked drowsily, " It's coming over me."Then, 10 to 15 minutes after the injection, almost suddenly, she became deeply unconscious and unrousable.Inspirations became rapidly shallower, with longer and longer intervals; there was deep cyanosis, with complete muscular relaxation and an imperceptible pulse.The pupils were very small-not quite pin-point.X.Y.Z.reversed his therapeutics.He injected nikethamide 0.5 g., removed the pillows, raised the foot of the bed, sent a very urgent message for another doctor, and began artificial respiration.I arrived in ten minutes.By then respiration had entirely ceased, there were no reflexes, and the extremities were cooling.The only hopeful sign was
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES
Authors: MORRIS J. KARPAS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The examination of the cerebrospinal fluid is of great diagnostic aid in differentiating certain types of nervous and mental diseases. Before attempting to discuss the phenomena of the cerebrospinal fluid in diseased conditions it would not be amiss to emphasize a few important facts regarding its anatomy, physiology and chemistry. The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the arachnoid spaces of the brain and cord. The walls of these spaces are formed by the inner portion of the arachnoid and outer part of the pia. There is a free communication of the fluid of the brain with that of the cord. It is also probable that the fluid of the ventricles comes into contact with subarachnoid spaces. Through lymphchannels and venous ramifications the subarachnoid spaces communicate with subdural spaces, and in a similar manner connection of the venous sinuses of the dura, especially of the longitudinal sinus, is established. The source
Postpartum Death with Maternal Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: RICHARD L. NAEYE, JACK W. C. HAGSTROM, BRUCE A. TALMADGE
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Four women, with congenital heart disease, who died following parturition are presented. All had advanced pulmonary arterial lesions before delivery. In the intrapartum or early postpartum period widespread fibrin and platelet thrombi occluded already narrowed pulmonary arterial channels increasing right-to-left cardiac shunts. The etiology of the preterminal thrombotic disorder has not been established in any of the cases.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Reflux Esophagitis by the Dye-spraying Method
Authors: A. Misumi, H. Kondou, A. Murakami, K. Arima, U. Honmyou, K. Baba, M. Akagi
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Twenty-one patients (13 patients after gastric surgery and 8 patients with hiatus hernia or other esophageal disease) in whom reflux esophagitis had been diagnosed by standard endoscopy, and who had undergone Lugol-spraying endoscopy, were reviewed. Ninety-two biopsy specimens were obtained from the esophageal mucosa under direct vision and stained with hematoxylineosin and PAS. The coincidence rate of the findings of dye-spraying endoscopy with histological findings was 89.9 % (80/89), as opposed to 69.7 % (62/89) attained by standard endoscopy (p < 0.001), indicating that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is highly compatible with histology. Of 34 biopsy specimens showing papillary hyperplasia, 18 (52.9 %) were stained unevenly und lightly, and 14 (41.2 %) evenly and lightly. Of nine biopsy specimens showing epithelial regeneration, eight (88.9 %) were unstained. All 26 biopsy specimens with erosion/ulcer were also unstained. It is concluded that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is of value in diagnosing reflux esophagitis, especially in determining the intensity and extent of the disease.
Vaccinia Virus-mediated Expression of Human Erythropoietin in Tumors Enhances Virotherapy and Alleviates Cancer-related Anemia in Mice
Authors: Duong H Nguyen, Nanhai G Chen, Qian Zhang, Ha T Le, Richard J Aguilar, Yong A Yu, Joseph Cappello, Aladar A Szalay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a glycoprotein hormone regulating red blood cell (RBC) formation, is used for the treatment of cancer-related anemia. The effect of rhEPO on tumor growth, however, remains controversial. Here, we report the construction and characterization of the recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) GLV-1h210, expressing hEPO. GLV-1h210 was shown to replicate in and kill A549 lung cancer cells in culture efficiently. In mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenografts, treatment with a single intravenous dose of GLV-1h210 resulted in tumor-specific production and secretion of functional hEPO, which exerted an effect on RBC progenitors and precursors in the mouse bone marrow, leading to a significant increase in the number of RBCs and in the level of hemoglobin. Furthermore, virally expressed hEPO, but not exogenously added rhEPO, enhanced virus-mediated green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in tumors and subsequently accelerated tumor regression when compared with the treatment with the parental virus GLV-1h68 or GLV-1h209 that expressed a nonfunctional hEPO protein. Moreover, intratumorally expressed hEPO caused enlarged tumoral microvessels, likely facilitating virus spreading. Taken together, VACV-mediated intratumorally expressed hEPO not only enhanced oncolytic virotherapy but also simultaneously alleviated cancer-related anemia.
Short- and long-term variations in non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability
Authors: J. K. Kanters, M. V. Hojgaard, E. Agner, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the short- and long-term variations in the non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability, and to determine the relationships between conventional time and frequency domain methods and the newer non-linear methods of characterizing heart rate variability.Twelve healthy subjects were investigated by 3-h ambulatory ECG recordings repeated on 3 separate days. Correlation dimension, non-linear predictability, mean heart rate, and heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains were measured and compared with the results from corresponding surrogate time series.A small significant amount of non-linear dynamics exists in heart rate variability. Correlation dimensions and non-linear predictability are relatively specific parameters for each individual examined. The correlation dimension is inversely correlated to the heart rate and describes mainly linear correlations. Non-linear predictability is correlated with heart rate variability measured as the standard deviation of the R-R intervals and the respiratory activity expressed as power of the high-frequency band. The dynamics of heart rate variability changes suddenly even during resting, supine conditions. The abrupt changes are highly reproducible within the individual subjects.The study confirms that the correlation dimension of the R-R intervals is mostly due to linear correlations in the R-R intervals. A small but significant part is due to non-linear correlations between the R-R intervals. The different measures of heart rate variability (correlation dimension, average prediction error, and the standard deviation of the R-R intervals) characterize different properties of the signal, and are therefore not redundant measures. Heart rate variability cannot be described as a single chaotic system. Instead heart rate variability consists of intertwined periods with different non-linear dynamics. It is hypothesized that the heart rate is governed by a system with multiple "strange" attractors.
Therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelial glycocalyx: acute deficits, but great potential
Authors: B. F. Becker, D. Chappell, D. Bruegger, T. Annecke, M. Jacob
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Damage of the endothelial glycocalyx, which ranges from 200 to 2000 nm in thickness, decreases vascular barrier function and leads to protein extravasation and tissue oedema, loss of nutritional blood flow, and an increase in platelet and leucocyte adhesion. Thus, its protection or the restoration of an already damaged glycocalyx seems to be a promising therapeutic target both in an acute critical care setting and in the treatment of chronic vascular disease. Drugs that can specifically increase the synthesis of glycocalyx components, refurbish it, or selectively prevent its enzymatic degradation do not seem to be available. Pharmacological blockers of radical production may be useful to diminish the oxygen radical stress on the glycocalyx. Tenable options are the application of hydrocortisone (inhibiting mast-cell degranulation), use of antithrombin III (lowering susceptibility to enzymatic attack), direct inhibition of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and avoidance of the liberation of natriuretic peptides (as in volume loading and heart surgery). Infusion of human plasma albumin (to maintain mechanical and chemical stability of the endothelial surface layer) seems the easiest treatment to implement.
Collecting data in general practice: need for standardisation
Authors: D C Newrick, J A Spencer, K P Jones
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The variety of practice annual reports that have appeared since 19701 2 demonstrates that decisions about which data are best collected to assess the quality of patient care and for forward planning are usually left to individual practices to determine.

To examine existing data collection and views about feedback we sent a postal questionnaire for self completion to all singlehanded practices, all fundholding practices, and all non-fundholding practices with over five partners, plus a one in three random sample of all other non-fundholding practices in the Northern region in September 1993 (n=211). The response rate was 79%.

Respondents spent substantial amounts of time entering data into computer systems or manual records each month (see table). In computerised practices, deciding on a standardised coding system and ensuring …