tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ablation of residual Barrett’s epithelium after endoscopic resection: a randomized long-term follow-up study of argon plasma coagulation vs. surveillance (APE study)
Authors: Hendrik Manner, Thomas Rabenstein, Oliver Pech, Kirsten Braun, Andrea May, Juergen Pohl, Angelika Behrens, Michael Vieth, Christian Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> It is commonly assumed that ablation of any remaining Barrett’s epithelium after endoscopic resection of early Barrett’s neoplasia improves outcome by reducing the rate of metachronous lesions, but this has not yet been evaluated in a randomized trial. The aim of this study was to compare argon plasma coagulation (APC) with surveillance only for the management of residual Barrett’s epithelium following endoscopic resection. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Patients in whom focal early Barrett’s neoplasia (high grade intraepithelial neoplasia [HGIN] or mucosal cancer) had been curatively resected by endoscopy were randomly assigned to undergo ablation of the residual Barrett’s segment by APC or surveillance only; pH-metry-adjusted proton pump inhibitor therapy was administered in both groups. The main outcome parameter was recurrence-free survival. Follow-up endoscopies with biopsies in cases of further residual Barrett’s epithelium were carried out at 6-monthly intervals in both groups. <b>Results: </b>A total of 63 patients (57 male [90.5 %]) were included in the study (ablation group n = 33; surveillance group n = 30). For complete Barrett’s ablation, a mean number of 4 ± 1.6 APC sessions were required (range 2 – 7). The mean follow-up duration did not differ significantly between ablation (28.2 ± 13.7 months, range 0 – 44) and surveillance patients (24.7 ± 14.8 months, range 0 – 45; <i>P</i> = 0.159). The number of secondary lesions was 1 in the ablation group (3 %), and 11 in the surveillance group (36.7 %), leading to significantly higher recurrence-free survival for the patients undergoing ablation (<i>P</i> = 0.005). <b>Conclusions:</b> Thermal ablation of residual Barrett’s epithelium leads to a significant reduction in neoplasia recurrence rate compared with a surveillance strategy during a limited follow-up of 2 years. A longer follow-up duration may have led to a relatively higher rate of secondary neoplasia in both groups of patients.
Induction of IL-10–producing regulatory T cells with TCR diversity by epitope-specific immunotherapy in pollinosis
Authors: Kei-ichi Yamanaka, Atsushi Yuta, Masato Kakeda, Ryogen Sasaki, Hiroshi Kitagawa, Esteban C. Gabazza, Kimihiro Okubo, Ichiro Kurokawa, Hitoshi Mizutani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
George P McNicol
Authors: S. McNicol
Journal: BMJ (2014)

George P McNicol married his wife, Susan Ritchie, in 1959, after meeting her at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, where he was a registrar and she was a medical student.

While his work in pathology was based in universities and hospitals in Scotland, he took overseas posts as lecturer, consultant, and visiting professor at universities and hospitals in Kenya, Egypt, New Zealand, and the US. These included a …
Abstract 5019: Stem cell and neuroendocrine cell phenotypes of normal and malignant colonic cells.
Authors: Shirin R. Modarai, Lynn M. Opdenaker, Bruce M. Boman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), stem cell (SC) overpopulation underlies tumor initiation and progression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that neuroendocrine cells (NE) cells play a key role in maintaining the SC population in the normal colon and, aberrant signaling from NE cells contributes to tumor initiation and increased stemness. Indeed, NE cells and SCs reside in close proximity to each other in the SC niche at the bottom of the normal human colonic crypt. Therefore, it seems feasible that the communication between NE cells and SCs is crucial to normal crypt homeostasis and that dysregulation of the interactions between the two cell types could lead to SC overpopulation during cancer progression. Our studies on human colonic tissues show that in normal crypts, most cells (&amp;gt;80%) expressing the colonic SC marker ALDH1 co-express NE markers such as chromogranin-A (CGA). Neither ALDH1+ nor CGA+ cells co-stained for markers for proliferating cells. Thus, in normal crypts, many ALDH1+ cells have NE characteristics (likely representing progenitor NE cells). In APC mutant crypts, the size of the undifferentiated SC population (ALDH+/CGA-) progressively increased relative to the size of the NEC population (both ALDH1+/CGA+ and ALDH1-/CGA+) during the stepwise progression to cancer. The distributions of these populations also extended father up the crypt (outside the normal SC niche). To evaluate how NE factors might regulate SCs, we did further studies to assess how NE factors might be regulating SCs. Because we found, by flow cytometric analysis, that various CRC cell lines (COL0320, DiFi, LoVo, SW480, HCT116 &amp; HT29) each maintains a unique proportion of SCs and NE cells over time, we surmised these proportions are maintained constant through feedback mechanisms involving SC and NEC subpopulations. When these cell lines were induced to differentiate along the NE lineage upon retinoid treatment, they showed a decrease in the proportion of ALDEFLUOR+ cells and an increase in NE cell differentiation and enhanced collagen IV production. Retinoid treatment to induce NE differentiation also decreased the sphere-forming ability in terms of the number and sizes of spheres that were formed from each cell line. Taken together, our findings indicate that: (1) NE factors contribute to colonic SC regulation via an autocrine or paracrine mechanism in normal colon, and (2) dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to colon cancer development. Citation Format: Shirin R. Modarai, Lynn M. Opdenaker, Bruce M. Boman. Stem cell and neuroendocrine cell phenotypes of normal and malignant colonic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5019
In Defense of Pharmacoepidemiology — Embracing the Yin and Yang of Drug Research
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The past decade has not been kind to observational studies of medications. The damage began in 1998 with the publication of the Heart and Estrogen–Progestin Replacement Study, a randomized controlled trial showing that hormone replacement increased the risk of cardiac events among postmenopausal women with heart disease. Like many physicians, I had been teaching the gospel that estrogen use prevented heart disease — an idea based on observational studies1 showing that postmenopausal women who regularly took estrogen were less likely to have heart disease than apparently similar women who did not take hormones. It now appeared that this had been . . .
Sustaining reductions in catheter related bloodstream infections in Michigan intensive care units: observational study
Authors: P. J Pronovost, C. A Goeschel, E. Colantuoni, S. Watson, L. H Lubomski, S. M Berenholtz, D. A Thompson, D. J Sinopoli, S. Cosgrove, J B. Sexton, J. A Marsteller, R. C Hyzy, R. Welsh, P. Posa, K. Schumacher, D. Needham
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the extent to which intensive care units participating in the initial Keystone ICU project sustained reductions in rates of catheter related bloodstream infections. <b>Design </b>Collaborative cohort study to implement and evaluate interventions to improve patients’ safety. <b>Setting</b> Intensive care units predominantly in Michigan, USA. <b>Intervention</b> Conceptual model aimed at improving clinicians’ use of five evidence based recommendations to reduce rates of catheter related bloodstream infections rates, with measurement and feedback of infection rates. During the sustainability period, intensive care unit teams were instructed to integrate this intervention into staff orientation, collect monthly data from hospital infection control staff, and report infection rates to appropriate stakeholders. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Quarterly rate of catheter related bloodstream infections per 1000 catheter days during the sustainability period (19-36 months after implementation of the intervention). <b>Results</b> Ninety (87%) of the original 103 intensive care units participated, reporting 1532 intensive care unit months of data and 300 310 catheter days during the sustainability period. The mean and median rates of catheter related bloodstream infection decreased from 7.7 and 2.7 (interquartile range 0.6-4.8) at baseline to 1.3 and 0 (0-2.4) at 16-18 months and to 1.1 and 0 (0.0-1.2) at 34-36 months post-implementation. Multilevel regression analysis showed that incidence rate ratios decreased from 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.88) at 0-3 months to 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56) at 16-18 months and 0.34 (0.24-0.48) at 34-36 months post-implementation. During the sustainability period, the mean bloodstream infection rate did not significantly change from the initial 18 month post-implementation period (−1%, 95% confidence interval −9% to 7%). <b>Conclusions</b> The reduced rates of catheter related bloodstream infection achieved in the initial 18 month post-implementation period were sustained for an additional 18 months as participating intensive care units integrated the intervention into practice. Broad use of this intervention with achievement of similar results could substantially reduce the morbidity and costs associated with catheter related bloodstream infections.
Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.
Authors: M E Horn, E A Brain, I Gregg, J M Inglis, S J Yealland, P Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The role of respiratory viral infection in wheezy bronchitis was studied in 163 children, aged 0-12 years, in a London general practice. Virological investigations were also performed when these same children had acute upper respiratory illness without wheeze. A virus was isolated in 146 (26.4%) of 554 episodes of wheezy bronchitis, rhinoviruses accounting for almost half of the isolations. The relative frequency with which individual viruses were isolated in wheezy bronchitis was similar to that in acute upper respiratory illness in 180 other children who had never had wheezy bronchitis. The large number of isolations of rhinoviruses in wheezy bronchitis is probably due to their numerous serotypes and the absence of cross-immunity between them. Our findings have confirmed that infection by respiratory viruses can provoke wheezy bronchitis in certain children, in whom host factors are an important predeterminant. In children with a previous history of wheezy bronchitis infection by rhinoviruses was associated significantly more often with such an episode than with upper respiratory illness. The maturation of protective mechanisms, including the acquisition of specific immunity to a progressively larger number of viruses, could explain the fall in the age-incidence of wheezy bronchitis.
Prevalence of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: A population-based study using the capture-recapture method in Spain
Authors: Angela Hernández-Martín, Ignacio Garcia-Doval, Beatriz Aranegui, Pablo de Unamuno, Laura Rodríguez-Pazos, Maria-Antonia González-Enseñat, Asunción Vicente, Ana Martín-Santiago, Begoña Garcia-Bravo, Marta Feito, Eulalia Baselga, Sara Círia, Raúl de Lucas, Manuel Ginarte, Rogelio González-Sarmiento, Antonio Torrelo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Low Birth Weight — Not a Black-and-White Issue
Authors: Ellice Lieberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Black women in the United States remain at greater risk of bearing low-birth-weight infants (those weighing less than 2500 g) than white women. In 1991, 13.5 percent of black mothers gave birth to low-birth-weight infants, as compared with only 5.8 percent of white mothers.1 The reasons for this disparity are not fully understood. Low birth weight can be the result of shortened gestation (preterm delivery), poor intrauterine growth resulting in an infant smaller than expected for his or her gestational age, or both. Black women in this country are twice as likely to give birth to premature infants and infants . . .
Abstract 813: Deletion of vitamin D receptor in prostate epithelial cells increases proliferation, reduces apoptosis, and enhances early carcinogenesis in the TgAPT121 mouse model of prostate cancer
Authors: Pavlo L. Kovalenko, Steven K. Clinton, James C. Fleet
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract High vitamin D status has been proposed to prevent prostate cancer (PCa). In vitro, the active metabolite of vitamin D suppresses PCa cell growth and has a number of other anti-cancer actions in prostate epithelial cells (PEC) that are mediated through a vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent transcriptional mechanism. We examined the in vivo importance of VDR in normal PEC biology and in PCa development using mouse models. In the first study, 7 wk-old wild type mice and mice with PEC-specific deletion of VDR (PEC-VDR KO) were randomized to intact, castration, or castration + testosterone propionate (TP, 2.5 mg/kg BW for last 5 d) groups and mice were killed 12 d later. PEC proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (TUNEL) were determined in the anterior prostate (AP). Castration reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis indices in the prostate while TP treatment reversed these effects. In PEC-VDR KO mice, TUNEL staining was significantly reduced (e.g. 50% lower after castration) and Ki-67 staining was significantly increased (e.g. 2-fold higher after castration + TP) compared to the controls. This suggests that loss of VDR signaling provides an environment in the prostate that may be permissive to events that enhance prostate carcinogenesis. We tested this hypothesis in the TgAPT121 transgenic mouse model of PCa. The TgAPT121 transgenic mice express a truncated SV40 Large T antigen (T121) in PEC. T121 expression inactivates the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of proteins causing epithelial cell hyperplasia, development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions by 12 wk of age, and microinvasive adenocarcinoma by 6 mo of age. TgAPT121 (APT;VDR WT) mice and TgAPT121 lacking both VDR alleles in PEC (APT;PEC-VDR KO) were generated and at 28 wks of age their prostates were removed and histologically graded. The total area covered by high grade PIN, adenocarcinoma, and microinvasive cancer was significantly higher in APT;PEC-VDR KO as was the number of foci per AP for each of these lesions (e.g. adenocarcinoma lesion foci 7.93% in APT;PEC-VDR KO versus 2.55% in APT;VDR WT, p&amp;lt;0.01). PEC VDR deletion significantly increased the histological grade of carcinogenic lesions in APT;PEC-VDR KO (score = 17.47 vs. Control = 16.32, p&amp;lt;0.05). This demonstrates that VDR signaling is critical for the anticancer effects of vitamin D and that signaling through the VDR delays transition of normal epithelium to PIN and early carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 813. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-813
IL-17 produced by neutrophils regulates IFN-γ–mediated neutrophil migration in mouse kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Li, Liping Huang, Amy L. Vergis, Hong Ye, Amandeep Bajwa, Vivek Narayan, Robert M. Strieter, Diane L. Rosin, Mark D. Okusa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The IL-23/IL-17 and IL-12/IFN-gamma cytokine pathways have a role in chronic autoimmunity, which is considered mainly a dysfunction of adaptive immunity. The extent to which they contribute to innate immunity is, however, unknown. We used a mouse model of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to test the hypothesis that early production of IL-23 and IL-12 following IRI activates downstream IL-17 and IFN-gamma signaling pathways and promotes kidney inflammation. Deficiency in IL-23, IL-17A, or IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) and mAb neutralization of CXCR2, the p19 subunit of IL-23, or IL-17A attenuated neutrophil infiltration in acute kidney IRI in mice. We further demonstrate that IL-17A produced by GR-1+ neutrophils was critical for kidney IRI in mice. Activation of the IL-12/IFN-gamma pathway and NKT cells by administering alpha-galactosylceramide-primed bone marrow-derived DCs increased IFN-gamma production following moderate IRI in WT mice but did not exacerbate injury or enhance IFN-gamma production in either Il17a-/- or Il17r-/- mice, which suggested that IL-17 signaling was proximal to IFN-gamma signaling. This was confirmed by the finding that IFN-gamma administration reversed the protection seen in Il17a-/- mice subjected to IRI, whereas IL-17A failed to reverse protection in Ifng-/- mice. These results demonstrate that the innate immune component of kidney IRI requires dual activation of the IL-12/IFN-gamma and IL-23/IL-17 signaling pathways and that neutrophil production of IL-17A is upstream of IL-12/IFN-gamma. These mechanisms might contribute to reperfusion injury in other organs.
Immune functions and inflammatory reactions in HLA-B27 positive subjects.
Authors: R Tertti, P Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The association between the major histo- compatibility antigen HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis is the strongest of all known associa- tions between class I HLA and disease.Over 90% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis have B27,1 whereas it is found only in 7-15% of normal white subjects.In addition, B27 is associated with certain reactive inflammatory conditions following gastrointestinal or uro- genital infections.For example, about 80% of patients with reactive arthritis triggered by Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are B27 positive.2Complete Reiter's syndrome, sacroiliitis, and acute anterior uveitis also belong to the same group of diseases.4The collective term spondyloarthropathy is used for these diseases.It is commonly supposed that similar pathogenic mechanisms contribute to the development of all B27 associated diseases.An excess of B27 has also been described in psoriatic arthritis,5 in disorders of cardiac con- duction,6 the latter reflecting the role of anky- losing spondylitis, in schizophrenia,7 and even in classical rheumatoid arthritis.
THE CULTIVATION OF TISSUES OF THE CHICK-EMBRYO OUTSIDE THE BODY
Authors: MONTROSE T. BURROWS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

3. The remedy stays the destructive and onward march of syphilitic ulcérations and canees their healing in a surprisingly short time.4. It is more rapid in its effect on specific disease than any other known remedy.5. It is likely to prove more valuable than any other remedy in the treatment of the specific diseases of most internal organs.6.It cannot replace cicatricial tissue, the result of Nature's reparative processes; neither does it affect favorably chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system, such as paresis, system-diseases of the cord, in which there is a break in the continuity of nerve struc¬ ture, though in some eases it seems to influence favor¬ ably the continuous crises of locomotor ataxia.7. In all cases it causes a leukocytosis and the forma¬ tion of antibodies.8. It materially modifies, and in most cases ulti¬ mately negatives, the Wassermann reaction.9.It unquestionably floods the circulation with endo¬ toxins resulting from the death of millions of spiro¬ chetes, and in all probability an antitoxin is developed in the blood-serum.These facts must he thoroughly considered iii connection with the treatment.
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin overcomes cell adhesion–mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma by geranylgeranylation of Rho protein and activation of Rho kinase
Authors: Ralf Schmidmaier, Philipp Baumann, Meral Simsek, Farshid Dayyani, Bertold Emmerich, Gerold Meinhardt
Journal: Blood (2004)
The primary immune response in bronchial asthma *1I. A kinetic study of helix pomatia hemocyanin-specific IgE, IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody responses in patients with asthma and in matched controls
Authors: F WELLER, C KALLENBERG, H JANSEN, R TORENSMA, R KLAASSEN, H WELLER, N ORIE, T THE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)
From Cell Populations to Human Populations, Cardiovascular Research Examines Possibilities
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SUPERANTIGENICITY of a Group A<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>M protein peptide fragment (pep M5) may have a role in rheumatic heart disease, Memphis investigators hypothesize. Malak Kotb, PhD, director, surgical immunology, University of Tennessee, says superantigens (so named by Colorado investigators) have an affinity for T-cell V β families 2, 4, and 8. When they encounter T cells from the "right family" of the 24 major V β families, they bind to them and activate cell division. Most T cells that can attack the body's own tissues are eliminated in the thymus, she notes, but some escape and remain quiescent. If aroused from dormancy by superantigens, they replicate, search for (and attack tissue that harbors) their self-antigens, and trigger conditions such as rheumatic heart disease. "We are working hard at testing this hypothesis in Memphis and setting up an international network of collaborators," she says. "If proven correct, these studies may
The Use of Passive Immunization in Certain Viral Diseases. The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture.
Authors: J. Stokes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Use of Passive Immunization in Certain Viral Diseases. The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture.J. Stokes Jr., M.D.J. Stokes Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-691_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of passive immunization provided by transplacental antibodies to provide a base for active immunization by living viruses, thus producing infection without symptoms plus solid immunity, was demonstrated most effectively by Fenner in mouse-pox. At the same time it was also demonstrated by our group that exposure of persons to hepatitis virus under epidemic conditions following their passive immunization by various dosages of gamma globulin prepared by ethanol fractionation was highly effective in producing an active immunity of long and perhaps permanent duration. The use of antibodies plus active virus had been studied in the past for immunization in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 691-691KeywordsAntibodiesChemical fractionationEthanolGlobulinsHepatitis virusesImmunityVaccination and immunizationViral diseases Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...