tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GIANT CELLS IN CULTURES FROM HUMAN LYMPH NODES
Authors: Warren H. Lewis, Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Giant cells resembling those found in tuberculous nodes appeared in cultures of various normal and pathological human lymph nodes cultivated in plasma. They migrated out from the explants from normal and tuberculous nodes, from nodes from acute and chronic lymphadenitis and Hodgkin's disease, and from a metastatic sarcoma. They were most abundant in cultures from tuberculous nodes. The giant cells are similar in structure to the large wandering cells and probably arise from them. We are uncertain, however, as to how the giant cells develop. There is no evidence of fusion of the large mononuclear wandering cells; on the other hand, there is some evidence that they arise by amitosis of the nuclei without division of the cytoplasm, which increases in bulk. They contain a large central area of more or less granular character which takes up neutral red with great avidity. This central area probably consists of dead material, the waste products of metabolism and of digested foodstuffs such as lymphocytes that the cells are unable to get rid of in the abnormal environment, and perhaps also of accumulated non-living foreign substances that have penetrated into the cells and become segregated. The central area is surrounded by a conspicuous zone of fat globules in which the nuclei are embedded. The nuclei vary in number from 2 or 3 to 50 or 60. Usually, however, there are not more than 10 or 20, and in the cells that are flattened out on the cover-slip they often have a horseshoe-like arrangement about the equator of the central area. Mitochondria are abundant and usually in the form of wavy or curly threads. They seem to be most numerous in the ectoplasm immediately about the fat zone. They also extend in among the fat globules and out into the ectoplasm. A distinct, clear, homogeneous ectoplasm envelops the cell.
Coronary capillary permeability and tissue volumes for sucrose and water in dogs: a comparison of bolus and constant infusion multiple-indicator methods
Authors: T. R. HARRIS, D. D. BURKS, P. L. CUSTER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy with which heart interstitial and water volumes could be determined from multiple-indicator dilution experiments on the coronary circulation in open-chest dog preparations. Sucrose permeability by extraction calculations was found to average 0.26± 0.02 cm3·(min.g tissue)−1. The extravascular sucrose volume averaged 0.15 cm3·g−1 tissue by both multiple-indicator and post-mortem methods. Indicator-dilution tritiated water curves labelled 85% of the post-mortem water content.
Abstract B10: Genetic profiling reveals cross-contamination and misidentification of six adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Janyaporn Phuchareon, Yoshihito Otha, Jonathan M. Woo, David W. Eisele, Osamu Tetsu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cell lines established from human tissues are extensively used to study human diseases and other conditions. Lines derived from malignant neoplasms are particularly useful tools for investigating mechanisms of tumor initiation and development. These cells are often used as preclinical models for the disease, as sources for biomarker or drug target identification, and as vessels to screen for efficacy hits and for early toxicity indicators. Because of the increasing importance of cultured cells in cancer research and other biomedical studies, cross-contamination of cell lines is becoming a more frequently encountered problem. It has been reported that approximately 20% of cell lines are incorrectly designated. Here we report that all six salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cell lines had been contaminated with other cells. We performed DNA fingerprint analysis on six ACC cell lines using short tandem repeat (STR) examinations. ACC2, ACC3, and ACCM were determined to be cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), whereas the ACCS cell line was composed of T24 urinary bladder cancer cells. These observations suggest that future studies using ACC cell lines should include cell line authentication to avoid the use of contaminated or nonhuman cells. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B10.
Effects of low dose oral contraceptives on very low density and low density lipoprotein metabolism.
Authors: B W Walsh, F M Sacks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Oral contraceptives (OC) raise plasma triglyceride and VLDL levels, which may be of concern, since some conditions characterized by elevated triglycerides are associated with atherosclerosis. To identify the responsible mechanism, we studied 11 healthy premenopausal women, 5 of whom were taking OC containing 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol, and 6 of whom were not. Their rates of VLDL and LDL metabolism were measured by endogenously labeling apoB, the protein component of VLDL and LDL, by an intravenous infusion of deuterated leucine. OC use had the greatest effect on the large, triglyceride-rich VLDL subfraction (Sf 60-400), increasing plasma levels threefold and production rates fivefold (P < 0.05). Among OC users, small VLDL (Sf 20-60) levels were 2.2 times higher, and production rates were 3.4-fold higher (P < 0.05). The fractional catabolic rates of large and small VLDL were similar among OC users and nonusers. LDL levels and metabolic rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, contemporary low dose OC substantially raise VLDL levels by increasing the production rate of large, triglyceride-rich VLDL, and not by slowing VLDL catabolism. Since VLDL catabolism is not impaired, we speculate that the hypertriglyceridemia induced by OC may be less atherogenic than that of hypertriglyceridemia resulting from impaired lipolysis. This may explain why long-term OC use does not appear to promote atherosclerosis.
tPA for Stroke
Authors: James C. Grotta
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Compartmentation of hexokinase in rat heart. A critical factor for tracer kinetic analysis of myocardial glucose metabolism.
Authors: R R Russell, J M Mrus, J I Mommessin, H Taegtmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Radiolabeled analogues of 2-deoxyglucose are widely used to trace glucose metabolism in cell cultures, whole organs, and intact animals, although kinetic differences in transport and phosphorylation between these compounds and glucose exist. The present studies were undertaken to determine the effects of insulin stimulation on the phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose compared to glucose in the intact, saline-perfused working rat heart. Rates of glucose utilization determined from tritiated glucose differed from rates estimated from the accumulation of [14C]2-deoxyglucose in a nonconstant manner when comparing rates in the absence or presence of physiologic levels of insulin (13 microU/ml). The fraction of monophosphorylated hexoses that was accounted for by [14C]2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate was dramatically decreased in hearts perfused in the presence of insulin. Additionally, hexokinase activity associated with the mitochondrial fraction of tissue extracts was increased in hearts stimulated by insulin. While this redistribution of hexokinase to the mitochondria did not affect the apparent affinity constant for glucose, hexokinase bound to mitochondria exhibited an 8.5-fold decrease in the affinity for 2-deoxyglucose when compared with hexokinase present in the cytosolic fraction. The findings are consistent with an insulin-mediated preferential uptake and phosphorylation of glucose compared to deoxyglucose. The results also imply that the redistribution of hexokinase and the differential effect of insulin on its affinity for tracer and tracee are responsible for changes in the "lumped constant" (i.e., the correction factor used to equate 2-deoxyglucose to glucose uptake). These changes must be taken into account when regional myocardial glucose metabolism is assessed by the 2-deoxyglucose method.
Discovery of a small-molecule type II inhibitor of wild-type and gatekeeper mutants of BCR-ABL, PDGFRα, Kit, and Src kinases: novel type II inhibitor of gatekeeper mutants
Authors: Ellen Weisberg, Hwan Geun Choi, Arghya Ray, Rosemary Barrett, Jianming Zhang, Taebo Sim, Wenjun Zhou, Markus Seeliger, Michael Cameron, Mohammed Azam, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Maria Debiec-Rychter, Mark Mayeda, Daisy Moreno, Andrew L. Kung, Pasi Antero Janne, Roya Khosravi-Far, Junia V. Melo, Paul W. Manley, Sophia Adamia, Catherine Wu, Nathanael Gray, James D. Griffin
Journal: Blood (2010)
Prospective study of attainment of social class of severely obese subjects in relation to parental social class, intelligence, and education.
Authors: S Sonne-Holm, T I Sorensen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Cross sectional population studies have shown that subjects who are severely obese are of lower social class than comparable subjects who are not obese. This may be ascribed to lower parental social class, poorer education, and lower intelligence test scores of the obese subjects. In this study based on 242 633 draftees appearing before the draft board in Copenhagen between 1956 and 1977, 1144 extremely overweight men (body mass index greater than or equal to 31 kg/m2) were compared with 2123 young men randomly chosen from the remainder of the population. The two groups were followed up for an average period of 12 X 5 years, after which time their occupation was obtained from the National Population Register. Social class was derived from a ranking of occupations based on prestige from 0 (unskilled, manual worker) to 7 (for example, judge, professor). Among the obese subjects, only 300 (30%) out of 1006 attained a position above social class 2, compared with 988 (51%) out of 1948 in the control group. At each level of education and intelligence test score, as registered at the draft board, the obese subjects still showed a significantly lower attainment of social class than the controls. Inclusion of parental social class, information which was available for part of the population, did not eliminate the difference in attainment of social class. The results of this study show that obese subjects not only suffer from a higher risk of somatic diseases but have to live with a social handicap that is independent of parental social class, intelligence, and education.
Similar Effect of Autologous and Allogeneic Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Sanne Johanna Jansen of Lorkeers, Joep Egbert Coenraad Eding, Hanna Mikaela Vesterinen, Tycho Ids Gijsbert van der Spoel, Emily Shamiso Sena, Henricus Johannes Duckers, Pieter Adrianus Doevendans, Malcolm Robert Macleod, Steven Anton Jozef Chamuleau
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

In regenerative therapy for ischemic heart disease, use of both autologous and allogeneic stem cells has been investigated. Autologous cell can be applied without immunosuppression, but availability is restricted, and cells have been exposed to risk factors and aging. Allogeneic cell therapy enables preoperative production of potent cell lines and immediate availability of cell products, allowing off-the-shelf therapy. It is unknown which cell source is preferred with regard to improving cardiac function.We performed a meta-analysis of preclinical data of cell therapy for ischemic heart disease.We conducted a systematic literature search to identify publications describing controlled preclinical trials of unmodified stem cell therapy in large animal models of myocardial ischemia. Data from 82 studies involving 1415 animals showed a significant improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction in treated compared with control animals (8.3%, 95% confidence interval, 7.1-9.5; P<0.001). Meta-regression revealed a similar difference in left ventricular ejection fraction in autologous (8.8%, 95% confidence interval, 7.3-10.3; n=981) and allogeneic (7.3%, 95% confidence interval, 4.4-10.2, n=331; P=0.3) cell therapies.Autologous and allogeneic cell therapy for ischemic heart disease show a similar improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in large animal models of myocardial ischemia, compared with placebo. These results are important for the design of future clinical trials.
MICROVASCULAR VASOMOTOR DYSREGULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Ronnie Ramadan, Shabnam Seydafkan, Malik Obideen, Fabio Esteves, Doug Bremner, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Multiple Cutaneous Focal Mucinoses with Hypothyroidism
Authors: HENRY R. JAKUBOVIC
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A 54-year-old woman with myxedema had hundreds of discrete cutaneous mucinous papules, which responded dramatically to appropriate replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. Each lesion both clinically and histologically resembled a cutaneous focal mucinosis (cutaneous myxoma). Multiple cutaneous focal mucinoses are a previously undescribed manifestation of hypothyroidism that can be differentiated from other syndromes that have cutaneous mucinous deposits.
THE SOURCE OF SUGAR IN DIABETES MELLITUS WITH A THEORY AS TO ITS EXCRETION UNCHANGED IN THE URINE.
Authors: EDWARD L. MUNSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The proteid molecule is not to be considered as a perfect chemic body, but is to be looked on as a complex, composite mixture, that is, composed of several organic radicals. To quote from the elaborate article of Krukenberg ("Separat-Abdruck" a. d. Sitzungsberichte d. Jena'isch. Gesellschaft f. Med. u. Naturwissensch. 1885): "The molecule of albumin is to be considered as a composite of different chemic atom groups. Many of these atom groups can be lacking or split off in crystalline form without the reactions of the remaining body being affected." He believes that albumin contains groups which yield leucin, tyrosin, indol, etc., together with others which give the biuret or xanthroproteic reactions or the coagulation tests. He also found a group which had the power of reducing copper oxid on heating in alkalin solution, thus demonstrating the presence of the carbohydrate group. There is also a fatty group. It was
Treatment of Hemophilia with Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Peter R. Dallman, Judith Graham Pool
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE treatment of hemorrhagic episodes in hemophilic patients requires administration of the coagulation protein that is deficient — namely, antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII), derived from the plasma of normal blood donors. Recently, two concentrated preparations of factor VIII have become increasingly available,1 , 2 and their clinical effectiveness has been confirmed.3 4 5 6 Our purpose is to review the characteristics of these preparations and to describe the changes in our management of hemophilic patients resulting from the availability of one of these concentrates during the past two years.The treatment of hemophilia until very recently was dependent almost entirely upon fresh-frozen and lyophilized plasma. . . .
THE WOUNDED AS WE SEE THEM AT HOME
Authors: W. C. Allardice
Journal: BMJ (1917)

THE establishment of the local war lhospital lhas broualgt tis in contact with a class of case we did not see in civil practice-namely, septic wounds whiclh do not readily respond to routine treatment.The reason for this is realized when we consider tlle surroundings of the soldier at the time the wounds are inflicted.
Prediction of risk of seizure recurrence after a single seizure and early epilepsy: further results from the MESS trial
Authors: Lois G Kim, Tony L Johnson, Anthony G Marson, David W Chadwick
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2006)

The MRC Multicentre trial for Early Epilepsy and Single Seizures (MESS) showed a reduced risk of further seizures in patients, for whom treatment with antiepileptic drugs was uncertain, who were randomly assigned immediate treatment compared with delayed treatment. However, there was no evidence of an effect on [corrected] long-term remission rates. This study was undertaken to assess the role of patient characteristics and treatment in the prediction of seizure recurrence. This will enable decision-making on the basis of the perceived risk of treatment compared with the benefit of reducing the risk of further seizures in the initial years after diagnosis.A prognostic model was developed based on individual patient data from MESS to enable identification of patients at low, medium, or high risk of seizure recurrence. A split-sample approach was used in which the model was developed on a subsample of the full data and validated on the remainder of the sample. Distinction of the prognostic groups and predictive accuracy of the model were assessed.Number of seizures of all types at presentation, presence of a neurological disorder, and an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) were significant factors in indicating future seizures. Individuals with two or three seizures, a neurological disorder, or an abnormal EEG were identified as the medium-risk group, those with two of these features or more than three seizures as the high-risk group, and those with a single seizure only as the low-risk group.The model shows that there is little benefit to immediate treatment in patients at low risk of seizure recurrence, but potentially worthwhile benefits are seen in those at medium and high risk.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance of Familial Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: William M. Law, Stephen F. Hodgson, Hunter Heath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THERE have been more than 30 reports of the familial occurrence of isolated hyperparathyroidism since Goldman's original observation in 1936.1 Many of these families were described before characterization of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and before the widespread application of serum calcium determinations and hormonal radioimmunoassays, so that distinction of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes from isolated familial hyperparathyroidism is not possible on the basis of the published data. However, available data have suggested that familial hyperparathyroidism is transmitted by an autosomal dominant mechanism.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 We have recently studied a large family in which three young adults acquired adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, which . . .
The Biological Balance between Psychological Well-Being and Distress: A Clinician’s Point of View
Authors: Renato Pasquali
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

tion, such as well-being or ill-being perception, may be important in defi ning healthy or unhealthy biological profi les [7] . Per Bjorntorp, who unfortunately died 2 years ago, was one of the most prominent pioneers of this integrated way of understanding how psychological factors may affect susceptibility to develop chronic diseases. Being an excellent scientist and physician, he also proved to be a truly psychosomatic investigator, and his way of thinking has represented one of the routes in the expansion of modern applied psychobiology. Starting from the intuitive interpretation of animal studies and epidemiological evidence, he and his group developed the concept that maladaptation to a long list of environmental stressors may have a considerable impact on the development of central obesity and the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and type 2 diabetes, therefore increasing individual susceptibility to cardiovascular events [8, 9] . They provided unequivocal data supporting the fact that subjects of both sexes with traits of depression and anxiety often had centralized body fat. These characteristics were, among others, depressed mood, frequent use of antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs as well as various sleeping diffi culties. Additional studies by his group and others [10] have shown that the associations were also evident with a long list of adverse environmental conditions, including low socioeconomical status, school education and low inAs a clinician, I am very happy to see that we are now facing the synthesis of medical and psychological disciplines. Encouraged by the development of molecular biology, by sophisticated modern biotechnologies and, in general, by modern neuroscience, we have in the last few years started the still diffi cult task of understanding the biological correlates of psychological functions [1] . This fascinating adventure is only at the beginning, but we are getting a deeper knowledge of psychobiological correlates [2–4] , impact of social life style, individual perception of adverse effects, and major chronic debilitating diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases [5] . The article by Ryff et al. [6] published in this issue focuses on an interesting question in psychology: ‘Is well-being merely the fl ip-side of studying psychological maladjustment’ to adverse internal or external factors, ‘or do well-being and ill-being constitute separate, independent dimensions of mental functioning?’ As the authors state, biology provides good opportunities for assessing whether these psychological attitudes ‘are opposite sides of the same coin, or represent distinct aspects of the same psychological functioning’. This may have some importance in understanding biological correlates of human mental disorders, leading, for example, to recurrent depression, and may therefore provide new tools for the treatment of this disorder. In addition, a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of self-enhancing cogni-