tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inert gas analysis of ventilation-perfusion matching during hemodialysis.
Authors: D D Ralph, S M Ott, D J Sherrard, M P Hlastala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The mechanism of hypoxemia during hemodialysis was investigated by the multiple inert gas elimination technique in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs. Profound leukopenia occurred in the first hour of a 2-h hemodialysis with a cuprophan membrane and dialysate that contained acetate. Arterial partial pressure of O2 and CO2 and oxygen consumption remained unchanged during dialysis. Pulmonary carbon dioxide elimination and lung respiratory exchange ratio decreased with the initiation of dialysis, remained depressed throughout the duration of dialysis, and returned to predialysis levels after the cessation of dialysis. Cardiac output diminished during dialysis but did not return to base-line levels after dialysis. Multiple indices calculated from inert gas analysis revealed no ventilation-perfusion mismatching during dialysis. The shunt and perfusion to regions of low alveolar ventilation-to-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) were unchanged during dialysis. There was no change in the mean or standard deviation of the profile of the percentage of total perfusion to regions of the lung that had VA/Q near 1.0; nor was there any increase in the directly calculated arterial-alveolar partial pressure differences for the inert gases during dialysis. Dead space became mildly elevated during dialysis. These results show that during dialysis with controlled ventilation there is no ventilation-perfusion mismatching that leads to hypoxemia. During spontaneous ventilation any hypoxemia must occur due to hypoventilation secondary to the CO2 exchange by the dialyzer and subsequent reduction in pulmonary CO2 exchange.
Rituximab‐induced acute liver failure after an allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Zhenhong Qu, Chitra Hosing, Daniel Couriel, Michele Donato, Sergio Giralt, Richard Champlin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a well‐recognized complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and can affect up to 5% patients. Several recent case reports suggested the efficacy of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, in treating this condition. We report our experience with a 21‐year‐old female with accelerated‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a matched, unrelated donor. The patient developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia that failed to respond to steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasma exchange. She was then treated with rituximab that resulted in fatal acute liver toxicity. Am. J. Hematol. 80:43–45, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Six-Minute Walk Is a Better Outcome Measure Than Treadmill Walking Tests in Therapeutic Trials of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott, Jack M. Guralnik, Michael H. Criqui, Kiang Liu, Melina R. Kibbe, Luigi Ferrucci
Journal: Circulation (2014)

L ower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 8 million people in the United States and >200 million men and women worldwide. 1,2PAD will become increasingly common as the US population survives longer with chronic disease.Although intermittent claudication is the most frequent classic symptom of PAD, many patients with PAD are asymptomatic or have exertional leg symptoms other than intermittent claudication. 3,4Patients with PAD have slower walking speed, poorer walking endurance, and substantially lower physical activity levels compared with people without PAD. 3,5][14] Therefore, an important treatment goal in patients with PAD is improving walking performance and preventing mobility loss. Response by Hiatt et al p 68Despite the functional limitations present in PAD, few medical therapies exist for improving walking performance and preventing mobility loss in patients with PAD.6][17] Of these 2 medications, pentoxifylline is not substantially better than placebo. 15,17ilostazol provides only modest improvement in treadmill walking performance. 16,17Although supervised treadmill exercise significantly improves walking performance in patients with PAD, 18,19 medical insurance typically does not pay for costs of supervised exercise for patients with PAD.Thus, most patients with PAD do not participate in supervised treadmill exercise. 20
Effect of Pitressin on the Splanchnic Circulation in Man
Authors: STANLEY SHALDON, WOLFGANG DOLLE, LUIS GUEVARA, FRANK L. IBER, SHEILA SHERLOCK
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The effects of 20 units of pitressin administered intravenously on the splanchnic circulation in four patients without liver disease, 10 patients with cirrhosis and a patent portal vein, 11 patients with cirrhosis and an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis and two patients with an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and a normal liver structure, were observed. Estimated hepatic blood flow and wedged hepatic venous and intrasplenic pressures were measured in all groups, and the splanchnic, hepatic arteriolar, and hepatic postsinusoidal resistances were calculated. Pitressin reduced the portal pressure by an average of 39 per cent for 1 hour. Estimated hepatic blood flow was reduced by 40 per cent. Splanchnic resistance was increased by 87 per cent and hepatic arteriolar resistance by 77 per cent. Postsinusoidal resistance was not affected. The drop in portal pressure could be related to the increases in splanchnic resistance. There was no difference in the response to pitressin between patients with cirrhosis and patients with normal liver structure and function. It is suggested that the fundamental lesion causing portal hypertension in cirrhosis is an obstruction to the hepatic venous outflow and that mesenteric and hepatic arteriolar venous anastomoses are not operative in the genesis of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. This obstruction to hepatic venous outflow is not alterable pharmacologically and any attempts to lower portal pressure by medical means must be achieved by alterations in the splanchnic resistance. Pitressin appears to be the most potent splanchnic vasoconstrictor available.
Glycemic Effects of Spaghetti and Potato Consumed as Part of Mixed Meal on IDDM Patients
Authors: Kjeld Hermansen, Ole Rasmussen, Jon Arnfred, Eva Winther, Ole Schmitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Recently, we demonstrated that spaghetti caused a significantly lower glycemic response in isoinsulinemic insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects than an exchangeable amount of potato. The question is, however, whether the difference of the glucose response in IDDM patients is preserved if these carbohydrate-rich foods are taken as part of a mixed meal. To answer this question, we evaluated blood glucose, free-insulin, and glucagon responses to exchangeable amounts of spaghetti and potato when ingested together with bolognese sauce in seven IDDM patients who had attained euglycemia with the artificial pancreas before meal intake. The potato (200 g raw wt) with bolognese sauce (167 g) and spaghetti (50 g raw wt) with bolognese sauce (167 g) had ∼ identical caloric content (435 and 447 kcal, respectively), fat (18 g each), protein (23 and 26 g, respectively), and carbohydrate (47 and 48 g, respectively). Blood glucose increment after white spaghetti and bolognese sauce was only ∼ 50% of that seen in response to potato and bolognese sauce. Similar constant insulin levels and increments in glucagon were seen. A major determinant of the postmeal glucose rise in IDDM patients seems to be dependent on the kind of carbohydrate in the meal. The approach by which the insulinemia was kept constant by the artificial pancreas seems to be a valuable tool for studying glycemic responses to different meals in IDDM patients who otherwise show great variations in circulating insulin and glucose levels when treated by subcutaneously administered insulin.
REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN SKULL BY READY MADE VITALLIUM PLATES
Authors: CLAUDE S. BECK
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The various methods for repair of defects in the skull have not been entirely satisfactory. This subject has been reviewed by Grant and Norcross.<sup>1</sup>In 1936 Charles S. Venable and his associates<sup>2</sup>made an experimental study of the reaction set up in the tissues by various substances placed in the body. Various metals were studied together with a number of the so-called rustless and noncorrosive steels. Every substance that was studied (with one exception) produced changes in the tissues, necrosis of bone and other electrolytic effects. One alloy, called vitallium, made of cobalt, chromium and molybdenum, did not produce any reaction in the tissues. According to the authors, their "experiments were repeated several times to check and recheck the apparent fact that this singular alloy seemed consistently to remain inert." These observations have proved to be of great practical value. Vitallium is now being used extensively in bone
Prognostic Effect of Epithelial and Stromal Lymphocyte Infiltration in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Khalid I. Al-Shibli, Tom Donnem, Samer Al-Saad, Magnus Persson, Roy M. Bremnes, Lill-Tove Busund
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The major value of prognostic markers in potentially curable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be to guide therapy after surgical resection. In this regard, the patients' immune status at the time of resection may be important and also measurable. The immune system has paradoxical roles during cancer development. However, the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is controversial. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prognostic significance of epithelial and stromal lymphocyte infiltration in NSCLC. Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays from 335 resected NSCLC, stage I to IIIA were constructed from duplicate cores of viable and representative neoplastic epithelial and stromal areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the epithelial and stromal CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes. Results: In univariate analyses, increasing numbers of epithelial CD8+ (P = 0.023), stromal CD8+ (P = 0.002), epithelial CD20+ (P = 0.023), stromal CD20+ (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and stromal CD4+ (P &amp;lt; 0.001) lymphocytes correlated significantly with an improved disease-specific survival. No such relation was noted for epithelial CD4+ cells. Furthermore, a low level of stromal CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was associated with an increased incidence of angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.032). In multivariate analyses, a high number of stromal CD8+ (P = 0.043) and CD4+ (P = 0.002) cells were independent positive prognostic factors for disease-specific survival. Conclusions: High densities of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the stroma are independent positive prognostic indicators for resected NSCLC patients. This may suggest that these cells are mediating a strong antitumor immune response in NSCLC.
WHO review exaggerated dangers of e-cigarettes, say specialists
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

British specialists in smoking cessation have accused the World Health Organization of exaggerating the dangers of electronic cigarettes in guidance that they say misinterpreted the evidence and is likely to cost many lives.

A recent WHO report called for greater regulation of e-cigarettes.1 But the report was largely based on a review commissioned by WHO2 that misunderstood and misrepresented the evidence, said Ann McNeill, of the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies at King’s College London, and colleagues in a critique published in Addiction .3 Separately, Robert West of University College London and editor in chief of Addiction , has co-written an editorial in the British Journal of General Practice dismissing the concerns raised by WHO and others, including the BMA, and calling for a more objective view to …
Golden's Diagnostic Radiology: Sec 5, Digestive Tract
Authors: William B. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An old classic by a radiological giant, Ross Golden, has been extensively rewritten and brought up to date. Recognizing the limitations of single authorship in today's information explosion, he has enlisted the aid of several very able collaborators. The section on the esophagus was written by Christian V. Cimmino, the small intestine by Lois C. Collins, while Jack Dreyfuss and Murray L. Janower discussed the colon. The 632 illustrations are generally of good quality but for a few exceptions. In the section on the esophagus, small intestine, and colon the illustrations are practically all new while in the section on the stomach and duodenum about half of the illustrations are retained from the 1948 edition. The book is well written and represents the distillation of many years of experience. It certainly will remain a landmark in the radiologic literature. The section on the colon is outstanding and covers the subject
Gene-Environment Interaction between CD14 -159C→T and Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) Exposure Underlying Aero Allergen Sensitization
Authors: N. Wang, N. Huey, S. Sutton, M. Rao, R. Chakraborty, G. LeMasters, D. Bernstein, T. Reponen, J. Lockey, S. Grinshpun, G.K.K. Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
The surprising role of vascular KATP channels in vasospastic angina
Authors: Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The golden age of single-channel electrophysiology was punctuated by the discovery of a curious class of potassium-selective channels in the surface membranes of heart cells (1, 2). These channels, silent under normal metabolic conditions, become robustly active when submembrane ATP is depleted. The opening of such KATP channels was soon recognized to underlie the loss of cellular excitability during metabolic stress (3, 4) and (later, in an in vivo correlate) to mediate the so-called ST segment elevation, an electrocardiographic change diagnostic of transmural injury during prolonged coronary ischemia (5). While these channels were discovered in heart cells, they are broadly-distributed throughout the body; their most obvious physiological role is in the pancreas, where they transduce changes in glucose concentration into alterations of β cell excitation and insulin secretion (6). Ironically, the role of KATP channels in the heart, where they were first discovered, remains mysterious. In the present issue and in recent work published elsewhere, new surprises emerge regarding the identities and the roles of KATP channels in the vasculature.

The general molecular structure of KATP channels was clarified by the pioneering work of the Bryan, Aguilar-Bryan (7) and Seino laboratories (8). KATP channels turn out to be complex hetero-octamers of four subunits encoded by sulfonylurea receptor (Sur) genes, surrounding a central pore made up of four Kir6-encoded K channel subunits (9). Different tissues express different permutations of the three possible Surs (Sur1, and the Sur2 splice variants, Sur2A and Sur2B) and two pore-forming subunits (Kir6.1 and Kir6.2). The conventional surface KATP channels in the heart are formed by Sur2 and Kir6.2, whereas those in pancreatic β cells consist of Sur1 and Kir6.2. KATP channels have a rich pharmacology (10), including a number of venerable vasodilators (e.g., the KATP channel agonists diazoxide and minoxidil) and anti-diabetic agents (notably the KATP channel blocker glybenclamide), which were in clinical use long before their targets were recognized.
Prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production by fibroblasts and synovial cells is regulated by urine-derived human interleukin 1 and inhibitor(s).
Authors: J F Balavoine, B de Rochemonteix, K Williamson, P Seckinger, A Cruchaud, J M Dayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) possesses multiple biological activities that may be blocked selectively by different inhibitors. Some known inhibitors block the lymphocyte activating factor (LAF/IL-1) but not the mononuclear cell factor (MCF/IL-1) measured by its capacity to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase production. The presence of IL-1 in vivo may be difficult to detect due to the presence of inhibitor(s) and the level of the inhibitor(s) may vary depending upon pathological conditions. We have found that urine from three patients with monocytic leukemia (M5) contained high levels of inhibitor(s) of MCF/IL-1, whereas urine of normal subjects did not contain significant amounts. Urine from two patients with other blood neoplasic diseases also contained little inhibitory activity. The MCF/IL-1 inhibitor(s), which also acts on human recombinant IL-1 beta, is approximately 25-35 kD, is not retained on concanavalin A-Sepharose column and can be partially destroyed with urea and boiling. At this stage of the purification the fraction containing the MCF/IL-1 inhibitor(s) also inhibits the LAF/IL-1 assay. However, this inhibitor(s) is probably distinct from other inhibitors already described.
Herpes Encephalitis: Controlled Studies
Authors: M. S. Hirsch, M. Levin, L. T. Chien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Herpes Encephalitis: Controlled StudiesM. S. HIRSCH, M.D., M. LEVIN, M.D., L. T. CHIEN, M.D.M. S. HIRSCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. LEVIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. T. CHIEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-779_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Nolan, Lauter, and Lerner (Ann Intern Med 78:243-246, 1973) again points out the need for a randomized controlled study on the chemotherapy of herpes simplex encephalitis. Similar conclusions have been repeatedly voiced in the past (1, 2), and little appears to be gained by further publication of uncontrolled studies or case reports of various modes of therapy in this disorder.We are presently carrying out two controlled randomized multicenter studies on the role of treatment with idoxuridine or adenine arabinoside, or both, in herpes simplex encephalitis. Referring physicians are invited to contact Dr. Hirsch...References1. JOHNSONROSENTHALLERNER KMP: Herpes simplex encephalitis. The course in five virologically proven cases. Arch Neurol 27:103-108, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HANSHAW J: Idoxuridine in herpesvirus encephalitis. N Engl J Med 282:47, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 779-779KeywordsAdenineChemotherapyEncephalitisHerpes simplex Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Rapid Pacing and T-Wave Scanning on the Relation Between the Defibrillation and Upper-Limit-of-Vulnerability Dose-Response Curves
Authors: Robert A. Malkin, Salim F. Idriss, Robert G. Walker, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The critical-point and upper-limit-of-vulnerability (ULV) hypotheses predict that the ULV dose-response curve should be steeper and to the right of the defibrillation (DF) curve. Yet, some recent experimental data contradict this prediction. Two studies are presented that test two explanations for the contradiction: (1) Testing at a single point in the T wave underestimates the ULV dose-response curve and (2) ULV testing at normal heart rates does not mimic the mechanical or electrical state of the heart in ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods and Results A nonthoracotomy lead system with a biphasic waveform was used throughout. In eight dogs, the dose-response curve widths (a measure of steepness) were compared between DF data and ULV data gathered at the peak (ULV PK ), middownslope (ULV DWN ), midupslope (ULV UP ), and all times (scanning or ULV SCN ) in the T wave. In another eight dogs, ULV data (ULV RAP ) were gathered by scanning the T wave after 15 rapidly paced beats (166- to 198-ms pacing interval). The rapid pacing interval was chosen to more closely mimic the hemodynamics and activation rate of early VF. ULV data (ULV STD ) at normal heart rates were gathered for all animals. In the first study, scanning significantly reduced the ULV curve width (ULV SCN , 63.5±29.7 V; ULV PK , 81.9±45.2 V; ULV DWN , 116±36.5 V; DF, 105±22.0 V; P &lt;.03) and significantly shifted the ULV curve to the right (ULV 80 SCN , 410±62.6 V; ULV 80 PK , 266±35.3 V; ULV 80 DWN , 355±80.4 V; DF 80 , 427±60.9 V; P &lt;.001). The subscript 80 signifies that the subject was left in normal sinus rhythm 80% of the time after that stimulus strength was delivered. In the second study, the ULV RAP curve was shifted dramatically to the right, the average ULV 50 RAP being greater than the average DF 90 . Furthermore, 92% of the ULV RAP VF inductions occurred between 10 ms before and 50 ms after the peak of the T wave, suggesting that scanning of the entire T wave may not be necessary. Conclusions With a single rapidly paced ULV sequence with limited T-wave scanning, it may be possible to estimate highly effective defibrillation doses with few VF episodes and high-voltage stimuli.
3-Hydroxyproline content of normal urine.
Authors: E Adams, S Ramaswamy, M Lamon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Values for total 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline were obtained from 24-h urine specimens of 18 healthy human subjects of both sexes, whose ages ranged from the first to the sixth decade in age. Urinary 3-hydroxyproline levels, not earlier described to our knowledge, were determined by an isotope-dilution method requiring considerable purification and utilizing the amino acid analyzer for final measurement. 3-Hydroxyproline averaged 3% of the corresponding 4-hydroxyproline in individual urine samples. Like 4-hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxyproline excretion is increased in the second decade, and there is generally good correlation between the two values in individual urines. A hydroxyprolinemic subject excreting greatly elevated 4-hydroxyproline levels did not excrete excessive 3-hydroxyproline, consistent with independent catabolic pathways for the two compounds. 3-Hydroxyproline appears to be selectively excreted relative to 4-hydroxyproline when compared with the probable total body content of each amino acid. Possible explanations are: a more rapid turnover of basement membrane collagen than interstitial collagen or, alternatively, relatively greater resistance to the proteolytic cleavage of peptides containing 3-hydroxyproline.
Why we should aim for zero extinction
Authors: Michael J. Parr, Leon Bennun, Tim Boucher, Tom Brooks, Constantino Aucca Chutas, Eric Dinerstein, Gláucia Marie Drummond, Guven Eken, George Fenwick, Matt Foster, Juan E. Martínez-Gómez, Russell Mittermeier, Sanjay Molur
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)