tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Postwar Hospitalization Experience of U.S. Veterans of the Persian Gulf War
Authors: Gregory C. Gray, Bruce D. Coate, Christy M. Anderson, Han K. Kang, S. William Berg, F. Stephen Wignall, James D. Knoke, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Since the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991, many veterans of that conflict have reported diverse, unexplained symptoms. To evaluate the health of Gulf War veterans, we studied their postwar hospitalization experience and compared it with that of other military personnel serving at the same time who did not go to the Persian Gulf.
A thick skin may not provide protection
Authors: D. E Pegg
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Immunosuppressed patients have an increased prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and apparently normal subjects with CIN have evidence of immunosuppression. The immunosuppression may antedate the cervical lesion or be a result of the CIN. One index of an impaired immune response is a reduced ratio of CD4/CD8 peripheral blood lymphocytes. This study sought to confirm that patients with CIN had a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio and to determine whether local treatment of the cervical lesion affected the abnormality. Patients with CIN had a lower mean CD4/CD8 ratio than controls (1.19 vs. 1.83, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and more of the patients with CIN had a ratio less than 1.0 [14/38 (37%) vs. 1/30 (3%), <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01]. After laser treatment of CIN, the mean CD4/CD8 ratio was higher than before treatment (1.76 vs. 1.19, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Paired pre- and post-treatment values in 11 patients confirmed this improvement (mean CD4/CD8: 1.14 vs. 2.08, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). These findings confirm an association between CIN and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio. The effect on lymphocytes of treating CIN suggests that the altered ratio is a result of the disease rather than a pre-existing etiologic factor.
346 Psychosocial discord underlies poor adherence to antiviral therapy in the VA population: results of a demographic survey of the VA population undergoing HCV therapy
Authors: S FLAMM, C MENDENHALL, D JOHNSON, C HAYDEN, M AZZOUZ, L LUMENG, R ROUDEBUSH, V HUILGOL, H WONG, A MIHAS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

It still remains unclear whether individuals who experience attenuated psychotic symptoms are likely to seek help, whereas depressive symptoms are more likely to be associated with help-seeking behavior than these symptoms themselves. The aims of our study were to compare the profile of these symptoms between clinical and community samples and to investigate to what extent help-seeking behavior depends on the severity of psychosis-like symptoms and/or depressive symptoms.The clinical sample consisted of help-seeking outpatients aged 16–30 years who had approached a community mental health clinic (N = 750, mean age: 23.3 ± 4.2 years, 62.4% females). The community sample was comprised of students from two universities and two high schools (N = 781, mean age: 18.1 ± 1.7 years, 59.2% females). Psychosis-like experiences were assessed using the PRIME Screen-Revised (PS-R), a self-reported screening instrument for assessing the risk of psychosis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), a 20-item self-reported questionnaire.Among the clinical and community samples, 27% and 10% had positive PS-R results respectively. No significant difference in the PS-R total score or the frequency of PS-R-positive items was observed between the clinical and community samples. A logistic regression analysis revealed that none of the psychosis-like experiences were significantly associated with help-seeking behavior, after controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms.Our findings showed that attenuated psychotic symptoms do not contribute significantly to help-seeking behavior, suggesting that the relationships among PLEs, depressive symptoms, and help-seeking behavior should be reconsidered.
TLR5 Ligand–Secreting T Cells Reshape the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Antitumor Activity
Authors: Degui Geng, Sabina Kaczanowska, Alexander Tsai, Kenisha Younger, Augusto Ochoa, Aaron P. Rapoport, Sue Ostrand-Rosenberg, Eduardo Davila
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The tumor microenvironment counters antitumor T-cell responses, in part, by blunting their activation and infiltration. Ligands that engage Toll-like receptors (TLR) on T cells and antigen-presenting cells can act as potent immune adjuvants. In this study, we show how tumor-reactive T cells engineered to secrete bacterial flagellin, a TLR5 ligand (TLR5L), can engender a costimulatory signal that augments antitumor activity. Human T cells engineered to express TLR5L along with DMF5, a T-cell receptor that recognizes the melanoma antigen MART-127-35 (DMF5(TLR5L) T cells), displayed increased proliferation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activity against melanoma cells. In a xenogenetic model, adoptive transfer of DMF5(TLR5L) T cells reduced tumor growth kinetics and prolonged mouse survival. In a syngeneic model, similarly engineered melanoma-reactive T cells (pmel(TLR5L)) displayed a relative increase in antitumor activity against established tumors, compared with unmodified T cells. In this model, we documented increased T-cell infiltration associated with increased levels of CCR1 and CXCR3 levels on T cells, a reduction in PD-1(+)Lag3(+) T cells and CD11(+)Gr1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and changes in the chemokine/cytokine profile of tumors. Our findings show how T cell-mediated delivery of a TLR agonist to the tumor site can contribute to antitumor efficacy, in the context of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
SURGERY OF THE GALL-BLADDER AND DUCTS.Opening address of the Chairman of the Section of Anatomy and Surgery of the American Medical Association, at the meeting in Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: J. McFADDEN GASTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

All those disorders of the biliary apparatus dependent upon obstruction of the hepatic, cystic and common bile ducts, call for surgical relief. Not alone the trouble from gall-stones, but those resulting from aneurism of the hepatic vessels, indurated tumors and adhesive inflammation of the coats of the ducts, come within the scope of progressive surgery. The field of investigation has been greatly enlarged in this department in a comparatively brief period and many derangements of the gall-bladder and ducts, which were formerly intractable, are now within the domain of the aggressive surgeon. The space allotted to this undertaking does not permit me to enter upon the consideration of many of the points involved in biliary obstruction, and my attention will be directed chiefly to the measures indicated in occlusion of the common duct. In regard to the procedures heretofore adopted, I would refer those who may be interested to my
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and lipoprotein-mediated protein delivery of plasma PAF-AH ameliorates proteinuria in rat model of glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Naoyuki Iso-O, Hiroshi Noto, Masumi Hara, Masako Togo, Ken Karasawa, Noriko Ohashi, Eisei Noiri, Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Takashi Kadowaki, Satoshi Kimura, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a crucial role in glomerulosclerosis, although its in vivo demonstration has proved taxing given the difficulty of inducing gene expression in specific renal cells. In this study, we examined whether the liver-directed expression of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) would affect the glomerular pathophysiology in Imai rats, an animal model for glomerulosclerosis. Adenovirus-mediated liver-directed gene delivery of human PAF-AH resulted in a significant increase in plasma PAF-AH activity, which was detected almost exclusively on HDL. Histological examination of rats overexpressing PAF-AH showed not only the deposition of PAF-AH in mesangial cells, but also a reduction in hydroxynonenal and matrix protein content in the glomeruli. In situ hybridization analysis was negative for human PAF-AH mRNA in the kidney, while injection of HDL abundant in PAF-AH resulted in the deposition of PAF-AH in mesangial cells. Urine protein levels did not increase in rats overexpressing PAF-AH, while those of control rats increased significantly with age. This study provides direct evidence of the in vivo role of an enzyme that degrades lipid peroxides during the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Adenovirus-mediated extrarenal gene expression and lipoprotein-mediated glomeruli-targeted protein delivery promise to be a novel therapeutic approach to glomerulosclerosis.
Developmental Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticides: Critical Review and Future Research Needs
Authors: Timothy J. Shafer, Douglas A. Meyer, Kevin M. Crofton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Pyrethroid insecticides have been used for more than 40 years and account for 25% of the worldwide insecticide market. Although their acute neurotoxicity to adults has been well characterized, information regarding the potential developmental neurotoxicity of this class of compounds is limited. There is a large age dependence to the acute toxicity of pyrethroids in which neonatal rats are at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than adults to two pyrethroids. There is no information on age-dependent toxicity for most pyrethroids. In the present review we examine the scientific data related to potential for age-dependent and developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroids. As a basis for understanding this neurotoxicity, we discuss the heterogeneity and ontogeny of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, a primary neuronal target of pyrethroids. We also summarize 22 studies of the developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroids and review the strengths and limitations of these studies. These studies examined numerous end points, with changes in motor activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density the most common. Many of the developmental neurotoxicity studies suffer from inadequate study design, problematic statistical analyses, use of formulated products, and/or inadequate controls. These factors confound interpretation of results. To better understand the potential for developmental exposure to pyrethroids to cause neurotoxicity, additional, well-designed and well-executed developmental neurotoxicity studies are needed. These studies should employ state-of-the-science methods to promote a greater understanding of the mode of action of pyrethroids in the developing nervous system.
Analysis of p53 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dino Trecca, Letizia Longo, Andrea Biondi, Lilla Cro, Rossella Calori, Fausto Grignani, Anna Teresa Maiolo, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Antonino Neri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We have previously reported the absence of mutations within exons 5–9 of the p53 gene in a panel of 30 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which represent the M3 FAB type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present report, we extend our analysis of p53 gene mutations to 70 cases of AML representative of the other FAB types of the disease, including M1 (16 cases), M2 (20 cases), M4 (17 cases), M5 (12 cases), and M6 (5 cases). DNAs were analyzed for p53 gene mutations in exons 5 to 9 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and direct sequencing of PCR‐ amplified products. Mutant p53 alleles were detected in 5 of 70 cases; 1 case in exon 5, 2 cases in exon 6, and 2 cases in exon 7. The alterations of the p53 gene were represented by point mutation leading to an amino acid substitution in four cases, and deletion in the remaining case. In four of the five cases, direct sequencing indicated the loss of the normal p53 allele; in the remaining case, two mutations were detected, presumably involving both p53 alleles. Three cases showed mutations at diagnosis; in the remaining two, the mutations were observed in clinical relapse but not at diagnosis. Our results confirm the relatively low incidence of p53 mutations in AML and further support the evidence that p53 plays a role in leukemogenesis through a recessive mechanism (two‐hit model) of inactivation of tumor suppressor activity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine and Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: A. John Camm, Clifford J. Garratt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

ADENOSINE is an endogenous nucleoside that is capable of causing atrioventricular nodal conduction block in humans.1 Although the use of intravenous adenosine to terminate supraventricular arrhythmias was first described in 1933,2 it is only in the past 8 years that adenosine has been investigated in detail3 and only in the past 18 months that it has been approved for clinical use in the United States. Despite its relatively recent introduction into clinical practice, adenosine is increasingly being considered as an alternative to verapamil as first-line therapy to terminate paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.4 5 6 7 The ability of adenosine to cause transient atrioventricular nodal . . .
Cutaneous biotransformation of N-(4-bromobenzoyl)-S,S-dimethyliminosulfurane and its product, 4-bromobenzamide, leading to percutaneous penetration enhancement of drugs: Initial evidence using hydrocortisone
Authors: Amnon C. Sintov, Peter Ji Zhang, Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Abstract 212: Targeting p73 as a strategy for enhancing anticancer efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs to triple-negative human breast cancers
Authors: Weiping Yu, Richa Tiwary, Kimberly Kline, Bob Sanders
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Successful treatment of p53-mutant, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a daunting challenge. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) remain the first line treatments for TNBC; however, chemotherapy eventually fails due to acquired drug resistance and toxicity. Therefore, new treatments for overcoming drug resistance and toxicity in TNBC are badly needed. Here we report on the reconstitution of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in a p53-independent manner via p53 homolog p73 as an exciting possibility for improving cancer therapy in p53 mutant breast cancers. α-TEA, a small bio-active lipid analog of vitamin E, exhibits potent anticancer actions in human breast and murine mammary cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Treatments with combinations of α-TEA plus DOX or CDDP enhances in vitro apoptotic killing of two p53-mutant TNBC cells; namely, MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells. Sub-apoptotic doses of α-TEA plus non-apoptotic doses of DOX or CDDP significantly enhanced caspase-8 and 9 mediated apoptosis in both cell lines. The combination treatments enhanced p73 protein expression, enhanced levels of death receptors-5 (DR5), CD95/APO-1 (Fas), pro-apoptotic Bax and Noxa proteins, and reduced pro-survival Bcl-2 protein levels, all of which are p53 regulated genes. The combination treatments induced enhanced levels of phospho-c-Ab1 and JNK, upstream mediators for p73. Furthermore, combination treatments activated Yes-associated protein (Yap), a transcriptional coactivator which has been demonstrated to interact with and to enhance p73-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Taken together, our data suggest that combination of α-TEA with clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs (DOX or CDDP) enhances apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 p53-mutant TNBC cells via p73, and that c-Abl/JNK and Yap may contribute to the enhanced anti-cancer efficacy of the combination treatments. These data provide the rationale for conducting pre-clinic TNBC xenograft studies testing the safety and efficacy of this new therapeutic approach. Supported by DOD concept grant W81XWH-09-1-0564 (Yu). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 212.
Unique Autonomic Profile of the Pulmonary Veins and Posterior Left Atrium
Authors: Rishi Arora, Jason Ng, Joseph Ulphani, Ilias Mylonas, Haris Subacius, Greg Shade, David Gordon, Alexander Morris, Xiang He, Yi Lu, Rashad Belin, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Alan H. Kadish
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Transfusions and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Paul R. Billings
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1989Transfusions and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Paul R. Billings, MD, PhDPaul R. Billings, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-9-767_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in individuals who show serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus exposure (HIV) varies among risk groups (1). The prevalence of clinical AIDS in HIV-positive hemophiliacs is lower than that found in HIV-positive nonhemophiliac patients. Hemophiliacs positive for HIV develop significant viremia as a precursor to progressing to clinical AIDS (2). It is not obvious how the genes that produce hemophilia or others closely linked to them might protect HIV-positive hemophiliacs from AIDS or how the common alleles at these loci could promote a more rapid progression from HIV infection...References1. Goedert J, Biggar R, and Weiss S. Three-year incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLV-III-infected risk group members. Science. 1986;231:992-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Allain J, Laurian Y, and Paul D. Long-term evaluation of HIV antigen and antibodies to p24 and gp41 in patients with hemophilia: potential clinical importance. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1114-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Nabel G and Baltimore D. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature. 1987;326:711-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kahan B. Effects of transfusion on recipient immune status: relationship to transplantation. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1985;23:345-74. Google Scholar5. Williams J and Hughes L. Effect of perioperative blood transfusion on recurrence of Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1989;2:131-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul R. Billings, MD, PhDAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 9Page: 767-767KeywordsAIDSAllelesHemophiliaHIVHIV infectionsViremia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Douglas W. Thomas, Daniel X. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SINCE THE PUBLICATION of Bumke's<sup>1</sup>paper in 1902, paraldehyde has been generally accepted as a useful drug in the treatment of delirium tremens. With the introduction of the phenothiazines, these drugs have gained clinical acceptance, but there are few controlled studies reported in the literature. Friedhoff and Zitrin<sup>2</sup>demonstrated that patients receiving paraldehyde recovered more quickly than those treated with chlorpromazine. Hart<sup>3</sup>found no significant difference in the recovery time of delirium tremens patients treated with promazine compared to those treated with paraldehyde. In patients without delirium tremens, the group treated with promazine showed a shorter duration of anxiety and agitation. Laties and colleagues,<sup>4</sup>in a double-blind study comparing promazine and chlorpromazine in delirium tremens, stated that "the drugs were essentially indistinguishable in performance." Gruenwald and associates<sup>5</sup>concluded that patients with mild to moderate symptoms responded promptly to either promazine or triflupromazine, but patients in
Patterns of microRNA expression characterize stages of human B-cell differentiation
Authors: Jenny Zhang, Dereje D. Jima, Cassandra Jacobs, Randy Fischer, Eva Gottwein, Grace Huang, Patricia L. Lugar, Anand S. Lagoo, David A. Rizzieri, Daphne R. Friedman, J. Brice Weinberg, Peter E. Lipsky, Sandeep S. Dave
Journal: Blood (2009)
Review: Natriuretic peptide–guided therapy reduces mortality more than clinically guided therapy in heart failure
Authors: Harriette G.C. Van Spall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Troughton RW, Frampton CM, Brunner-La Rocca HP, et al. Effect of B-type natriuretic peptide-guided treatment of chronic heart failure on total mortality and hospitalization: an individual patient meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1559-67. 24603309
Adult Attention Deficit Disorder
Authors: Roy H. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The response by Dr Denckla to the query by Dr Looloian regarding adult attention deficit disorder as a "recognized diagnosis" and its treatment with stimulants is informative.<sup>1</sup>However, the march of time has rendered the nosology employed by Dr Denckla out of date. In 1983, only three years after the adoption of<i>DSM-III</i>, the American Psychiatric Association organized a work group to revise<i>DSM-III</i>; their palimpsest,<i>DSM-III-R</i>, became official in 1987. Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity and the residual type have given way to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and undifferentiated attention-deficit disorder, the latter category being reserved for those with attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity. The<i>DSM-III-R</i>states that in follow-up studies, almost one third of children with ADHD continue to show some signs of the disorder in adulthood. As for medicating these adults, the clinician should at least consider a trial with one
A Dimethyltryptamine-Forming Enzyme in Human Blood
Authors: RICHARD J. WYATT, JUAN M. SAAVEDRA, JULIUS AXELROD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

An enzyme capable of forming the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine was found in human red blood cells, plasma, and platelets. The enzyme activity in red blood cells and plasma was not significantly different in psychiatric patients from that in normal subjects. The enzyme activity in platelets was higher in psychotic subjects than in nonpsychotics and was apparently related to the presence of a dialyzable inhibitor in the normal subjects.