tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INFECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS WITH D29 PHAGE DNA
Authors: Tohru Tokunaga, Margret I. Sellers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

DNA extracted from D29 mycobacteriophage produced plaques when plated on Mycobacterium smegmatis 607. The host bacterium did not require alternation such as conversion to protoplasts; cells susceptible to infection with intact phage were susceptible to DNA. The bases found in calf thymus DNA constituted the bases of D29 DNA, adenine being paired with thymine and guanine with cytosine. The dissymmetry ratio (A + T/G + C) was 0.56, and the buoyant density in CsCl was 1.722 with a GC content of 63.77 per cent. The efficiency of plating of the DNA is very much lower than that of intact D29, and it penetrates the host at a slower rate. As does intact phage, D29 DNA requires calcium ions for productive infection of 607. D29 DNA is significantly inactivated by incubation with RNAase, but the inactivation probably results from a complexing with the DNA rather than from enzyme hydrolysis.
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer — Stalemate or Progress?
Authors: Desmond N. Carney, Heine H. Hansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Lung cancer is a major health problem, and each year the overall rate of death from this tobacco-inflicted disease increases. In a few countries, including the United States, the death rate has decreased slightly, reflecting changing attitudes toward cigarette smoking.Non–small-cell lung cancer, which includes adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, accounts for 75 to 80 percent of all new cases of lung cancer; the remainder are due to small-cell lung cancer. In patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, the possibility of cure depends mainly on their suitability for surgical resection. Unfortunately, at the time of diagnosis, only about 30 percent . . .
Internal context and top-down processing
Authors: Peter König, Carl Chiang, Astrid von Stein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Recent experimental work suggests that the concept of contextual fields should be generalized to allow the modulation of local information extraction by both external and internal context. The external context relates to the coherent information of the stimulus; the internal context refers to the parts of this information which are relevant for behavior. This dual interaction, present at every level of the hierarchy, requires a fundamental unit of processing more complex than a single neuron appears today. We argue that the cortical column supplies the required mechanisms for a separate top-down and bottom-up processing and allows for interaction without destructive cross-talk. This flexibility might explain why the same basic architecture of a cortical column is used in the whole isocortex.
Value of Lymph Node Biopsy in Unexplained Lymphadenopathy in Homosexual Men
Authors: Russell K. Brynes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifested by severe opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphoma often has a prodrome of lymphadenopathy accompanied by constitutional symptoms. We studied the histopathologic findings of lymph node biopsy specimens and peripheral blood immunologic parameters of 24 clinically indistinguishable homosexual men with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy. Two different morphological patterns were observed: (1) lymph nodes with follicular and paracortical hyperplasia in 21 patients who had had no clinical deterioration and (2) an atypical pattern of lymphoid proliferation in three patients who experienced rapid development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and/or opportunistic infections. Several immunologic laboratory results paralleled these changes. Lymph node morphological findings seem to be a useful predictor of outcome in homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy.
Follow-up of Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

There are about 14,000 new cases of thyroid carcinoma in the United States each year, about 90 percent of them differentiated — papillary and follicular — carcinomas, and about 1100 deaths.1 Thus, the number of patients needing follow-up grows, and because the median age at diagnosis is about 40 years and recurrences can occur at any time for several decades, the follow-up will necessarily be long. Furthermore, a recent study from the National Cancer Institute suggests that the number of cases may increase slightly as a result of the ingestion of radioactive iodine produced by atomic-weapons testing in the western . . .
Relationship Between Habitual Physical Activity and Insulin Levels Among Nondiabetic Men and Women: San Luis Valley Diabetes Study
Authors: Judith G Regensteiner, Elizabeth J Mayer, Susan M Shetterly, Robert H Eckel, William L Haskell, Julie A Marshall, Judith Baxter, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine whether higher levels of physical activity would be associated with lower fasting insulin and C-peptide levels in a free-living nondiabetic population. Research Design and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a Hispanic and non-Hispanic white population of 442 men and 489 women with normal glucose tolerance (by World Health Organization criteria) in two rural Colorado counties. Total physical activity was assessed by a 7-day physical activity recall from which metabolic equivalents were estimated. Relationships between metabolic equivalents and fasting insulin and C-peptide were assessed while considering obesity, age, and other risk factors known to influence fasting insulin levels. Results Among all subjects, univariate analyses showed that higher activity levels were associated with lower mean fasting insulin and C-peptide levels (P &amp;lt; or equal to 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that higher activity was significantly associated with lower values of log fasting insulin and C-peptide levels in men only (P &amp;lt; 0.001) independent of obesity, fat distribution, and age. Men in the highest tertile of activity had an adjusted mean fasting insulin level of 59.2 pM and fasting C-peptide level of 0.5 nM compared with a fasting insulin level of 72.7 pM and fasting C-peptide level of 0.6 mM for men in the lowest tertile of activity. The magnitude of the inverse association between activity and insulin was greatest in older rather than younger men. Physical activity was not associated with fasting insulin or C-peptide levels in women in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions Based on cross-sectional data, we conclude that higher levels of habitual physical activity are associated with lower fasting insulin and C-peptide levels in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Some patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the brain are at high risk for early recurrent stroke, usually due to arterial thromboembolism.1,2 Aspirin reduces the risk of early recurrent stroke by only 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 20).3 Adding clopidogrel to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes reduces the risk of recurrent vascular events by 20% (95% CI, 10 to 28) but increases the risk of major bleeding by 38% (95% CI, 13 to 67).4 For patients with acute ischemic stroke, who are prone to early spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation of infarcted brain, adding . . .
Allergen-specific immune deviation from a T H2 to a T H1 response induced by dendritic cells and collagen type I
Authors: Udo Brand, Iris Bellinghausen, Alexander H. Enk, Helmut Jonuleit, Detlef Becker, Jürgen Knop, Joachim Saloga
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Time for WMA to take action
Authors: J. S. Yudkin, H. Ziv, I. Menuchin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In a recent correction Professor Michael Baum conceded that Dr Derek Summerfield is sincere in his belief that the Israeli Medical Association (IMA) is complicit in torture, even though Professor Baum is equally convinced that the association is not.1 However, the IMA has still not answered several important questions about the charges.

In October 2009 one of us (JSY) outlined the IMA’s failure adequately …
Molecular and functional characterization of bile acid transport in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells
Authors: G A Kullak-Ublick, U Beuers, G Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Bile acids are taken up into human liver by Na + -dependent and Na + -independent transport mechanisms. In hepatocarcinogenesis, numerous liver-specific functions are lost and the uptake of organic anions is markedly reduced. We have investigated the molecular and functional derangements of bile acid transport in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Uptake of [ 3 H]-taurocholic acid was saturable and entirely Na + independent, with the kinetic characteristics of the human liver organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). OATP, but not the Na + -dependent bile acid transporter (Na + -taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]), was detectable by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of HepG2 RNA. The level of OATP expression in HepG2 cells was determined by Northern blot analysis and was found to be 40% in comparison with normal liver. Transfection of an OATP-derived phosphorothioate (PTO)-antisense oligonucleotide into HepG2 cells resulted in 77% inhibition of temperature-dependent bile acid uptake. Injection of HepG2 messenger RNA (mRNA) into Xenopus laevis oocytes significantly stimulated Na + -independent taurocholate uptake, indicating the expression of a bile acid transport protein. We conclude that bile acid uptake into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells is mediated by the multi-specific organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP. Therapeutic strategies employing bile acid-derived cytostatic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas may therefore depend upon the expression of the Na+-independent bile acid transporter OATP in hepatic malignancies.
Quantitative indices of dispersion of refractoriness for identification of propensity to re-entrant ventricular tachycardia in a canine model of myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Ogawa, I. Furuno, Y. Satoh, S. Yoh, K. Saeki, T. Sadanaga, H. Katoh, Y. Nakamura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective – To identify propensity to re-entry in a canine model of 7 day old myocardial infarction, the sensitivity and specificity of five indices of dispersion of refractoriness (ERP) were investigated. Design – With an epicardial patch electrode containing 47 electrodes, ERP was measured by S1-S2 method at each site overlying the infarct, ERP range, maximum adjacent dispersion, difference between mean ERPS of the infarct and normal zones, standard deviation (σ) of the mean ERP, and σ/mean ERP × 100 were calculated. Experimental material – 42 dogs were divided into three groups; 20 dogs with epicardial functional block on induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, 10 dogs with inducible ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation but without epicardial functional block, and 12 control dogs without ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation or block. Measurements and main results – All five indices were significantly greater in the 20 dogs with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation than in control dogs. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the five indices showed that σ was the most sensitive and specific index for discriminating these 20 dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of a σ value greater than 14 ms (the mean value plus two SD of the control dogs) were 70% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions – The σ of the mean ERP at multiple sites could serve as a quantitative index for determining ERP dispersion.
Effect of Smoking on the Activity of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Joan Barry
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Cigarette smoking has been causally linked to coronary heart disease. To investigate the effect of smoking on the activity of ischemic heart disease, 65 patients with chronic stable manifestations of coronary disease and a positive exercise tolerance test underwent continuous ambulatory monitoring to quantify the amount of ischemic ST segment depression during daily life. Twenty-four smokers were compared with 41 nonsmokers for frequency and duration of electrocardiographic signs of ischemia during 24 hours. A total of 4968 hours of ambulatory monitoring were analyzed. The frequency of episodes was three times as often (median) and the duration of ischemia was 12 times longer (median duration, 24 vs 2 min/24 h) in smokers than nonsmokers. This finding remained statistically significant when a number of potentially confounding factors were controlled by means of logistic regression. This study shows that patients with coronary artery disease who smoke have significantly and substantially more active myocardial ischemia during daily life than patients who do not. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:398-402)
Children's alcohol use is also a safeguarding issue
Authors: R. Patton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I agree that GPs should take on increased responsibility for the safeguarding of children,1 and that early detection of maltreatment is a key aspect. Screening for alcohol use among younger adolescents would also be useful.

Although the main burden of chronic alcohol related disease is in adults, its foundations often lie in adolescence.2 The proportion of 11-15 year olds …
Hemodynamic Effects of Glucagon in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: JOHN F. WILLIAMS, RICHARD H. CHILDRESS, JEROLD N. CHIP, JOHN F. BORDER
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The intravenous administration of 3 or 5 mg of glucagon to 13 patients with heart disease resulted in a statistically significant increase in heart rate, cardiac index, stroke power index, mean rate of left ventricular ejection, and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, whereas systemic vascular resistance declined. A moderate increase in mean stroke volume index and stroke work index and a slight fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure also occurred, although these changes were not statistically significant. The increase in cardiac index averaged 19%, with nine of the patients demonstrating an increase exceeding 10% of their respective control value. These effects of glucagon generally reached a maximum within 15 min after drug administration and also were of short duration. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of glucagon were observed in most but not all of these patients. In addition, the magnitude of these effects varied considerably among patients; the variation, however, did not appear to be related to the severity or duration of the heart disease. In eight patients, the infusion of isoproterenol produced greater increases in cardiac index and decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure than glucagon did. Although the effect of glucagon was short, the frequent improvement in hemodynamics which occurred in the absence of significant side effects, notably arrhythmias, indicates that the inotropic actions of this agent may be useful under certain clinical conditions.
Cimetidine and Eosinophilic Fasciitis
Authors: EUGENE B. LOFTIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Cimetidine and Eosinophilic FasciitisEUGENE B. LOFTIN III, M.D.EUGENE B. LOFTIN III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-111_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the report by Solomon and associates (1) whose patient with biopsy-proven eosinophilic fasciitis had resolution of musculoskeletal complaints with the use of cimetidine within 1 week of starting therapy.My colleague, Anne Herron, M.D., St. Louis, Missouri, and I have recently treated a 24-year-old white woman with a typical history and physical presentation for eosinophilic fasciitis. The patient also had marked peripheral eosinophilia and a confirmatory full thickness biopsy for eosinophilic fasciitis but no diagnostic evidence for collagen-vascular diseases. Because of the patient's adversity to prednisone therapy and because of the recent report...References1. SOLOMONBARLANDRIFKIN GPH. Eosinophilic fasciitis responsive to cimetidine. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:547-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCULLYGALDABNIMCNEELY RJB. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:256-63. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEosinophilic Fasciitis in a Pediatric PatientCancer-associated fasciitis panniculitisThe fasciitis-panniculitis syndrome: Clinical spectrum and response to cimetidineInflammatory Pseudotumor of the NeckTreatment with cimetidine of atypical fasciitis panniculitis syndrome.Cimetidine in Eosinophilie FasciitisHerson Serge, MD, Sabine Brechignac, MD, Godeau Pierre, MDCimetidine and Eosinophilic FasciitisFRANCISCO JAVIER LASO, M.D., ISABEL PASTOR, M.D., SISINIO DE CASTRO, M.D. 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1Page: 111-112KeywordsBiopsyCollagen diseasesEosinophilia Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Global approach to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: Reality and opportunities for intervention
Authors: L. De Nicola, R. Minutolo, P. Chiodini, C. Zoccali, P. Castellino, C. Donadio, M. Strippoli, F. Casino, M. Giannattasio, F. Petrarulo, M. Virgilio, E. Laraia, B.R. Di Iorio, V. Savica, G. Conte
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Time Dependence of Platelet Inhibition After a 600-mg Loading Dose of Clopidogrel in a Large, Unselected Cohort of Candidates for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Willibald Hochholzer, Dietmar Trenk, Devine Frundi, Philipp Blanke, Benjamin Fischer, Katharina Andris, Hans-Peter Bestehorn, Heinz Joachim Büttner, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Pretreatment with clopidogrel can reduce the risks associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). To shorten the time for clopidogrel to become effective, a 600-mg loading dose has been used. We sought to validate this regimen in a large cohort and investigated the time dependence of the antiplatelet effect of 600 mg of clopidogrel. Methods and Results— Our study included 1001 patients who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization as potential candidates for PCI. We obtained blood samples before administration of 600 mg of clopidogrel and at the time of catheterization, which varied according to logistic needs. We assessed platelet aggregation by optical aggregometry and surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa by flow cytometry. Platelet aggregation induced by 5 μmol/L ADP was 51±14% when catheterization was performed at &lt;1 hour, 41±14% at 1 to &lt;2 hours, 37±15% at 2 to &lt;4 hours, 36±13% at 4 to &lt;6 hours, and 35±14% at ≥6 hours after clopidogrel administration. After 2 hours (n=718), the level of platelet aggregation and the surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa did not change significantly with time after clopidogrel ( P &gt;0.24 by univariate or multivariate regression). Comedication with CYP3A4 metabolized statins did not significantly affect platelet aggregation after clopidogrel ( P =0.62). Among the 428 patients undergoing PCI, the 30-day composite rate of major adverse cardiac events was 1.9%, with no significant difference between patients undergoing PCI within 2 hours after clopidogrel loading and those undergoing PCI at a later time point. Conclusions— After loading with 600 mg of clopidogrel, the full antiplatelet effect of the drug is achieved after 2 hours. Statins do not interfere with the level of platelet inhibition after this dose.
The Influence of Standard of Living on Blood Pressure in Fiji
Authors: IAN MADDOCKS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A group of Indian men in Suva, Fiji, selected for their relatively high standard of living had average systolic and diastolic blood pressures higher than those of the sample of the local rural Indian male population. There is gradation in the incidence of high blood pressure among several races of the Pacific Islands that parallels the degree to which they have been influenced by Western culture.
NF-κB in Renal Inflammation
Authors: Ana Belen Sanz, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Adrian Mario Ramos, Juan Antonio Moreno, Beatriz Santamaria, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Jesus Egido, Alberto Ortiz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The NF-κB family of transcription factors regulates the induction and resolution of inflammation. Two main pathways, classical and alternative, control the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Classical NF-κB activation is usually a rapid and transient response to a wide range of stimuli whose main effector is RelA/p50. The alternative NF-κB pathway is a more delayed response to a smaller range of stimuli resulting in DNA binding of RelB/p52 complexes. Additional complexity in this system involves the posttranslational modification of NF-κB proteins and an ever-increasing range of co-activators, co-repressors, and NF-κB complex proteins. Collectively, NF-κB regulates the expression of numerous genes that play a key role in the inflammatory response during human and experimental kidney injury. Multiple stimuli activate NF-κB through the classical pathway in somatic renal cells, and noncanonical pathway activation by TWEAK occurs in acute kidney injury. Under most test conditions, specific NF-κB inhibitors tend to reduce inflammation in experimental kidney injury but not always. Although many drugs in current use clinically influence NF-κB activation, there are no data regarding specific NF-κB inhibition in human kidney disease.
Exophthalmos and Treatment of Graves' Disease-Reply
Authors: Alan N. Elias
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The apparent discrepancies noted between the figures are related to the method of data presentation. Each patient within a group had a series of sequential observations. To display all of the individual patients as lines on the graphs would be unwieldly, so the data were averaged at each time point, and the means were displayed. The problem noted comes from the handling of missing observations. In Fig 1, a few missing observations have a strong effect on the mean of some groups, eg, the 18-month point for group 4, where a number of the patients with the highest general values were not observed at that time. The analysis of variance method chosen requires a complete design, and missing values were supplied by interpolation, as mentioned in the "Statistical Methods" section. The means that resulted from this procedure were then displayed in Figs 2 through 4 and represent the