tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the Americans
Authors: Jack E. Riggs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On Being a Doctor2 December 2014This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the AmericansJack E. Riggs, MDJack E. Riggs, MDFrom West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1310 Audio Reading - “This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the Americans” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the Americans," by J.E. Riggs. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Having returned from the war in the Middle East, where I commanded a combat support hospital, I was looking forward to the less stressful task of commanding a Navy Reserve medical unit. Our annual tasking included staffing several medical readiness training exercises for U.S. Southern Command in Central and South America. Although advertised as humanitarian missions, these exercises provided U.S. military personnel with experience working with military and civil authorities from host nations. My unit would provide 25 to 30 sailors for each exercise. Because I had been involved in their planning and preparation, I was aware of one Honduran ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.Disclaimer: Any assertions and opinions, explicit or implicit, are those of the author and should not be construed to represent those of the U.S. Navy or Army.Corresponding Author: Jack E. Riggs, MD, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9180; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the Americans” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "This Little Girl Dies Today, in Front of the Americans," by J.E. Riggs. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 December 2014Volume 161, Issue 11Page: 837-838KeywordsAppendicitisArmed forcesBeerCyclic adenosine monophosphateDrugsExerciseGlobal healthHealth careNursesTechnicians ePublished: 2 December 2014 Issue Published: 2 December 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the detection of mitral regurgitation.
Authors: M Schlüter, B A Langenstein, P Hanrath, P Kremer, W Bleifeld
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The value of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was studied in six patients with competent mitral valve and in 12 patients with angiographically proved mild to moderately severe mitral regurgitation. The results were compared with those from the standard transthoracic method of investigation. The advantages of the esophageal over the transthoracic approach in the detection of mitral regurgitation are (1) absence of anatomic obstacles between the ultrasound transducer and the heart; (2) nearly parallel alignment of the ultrasound beam with the blood flow direction; (3) the use of high pulse repetition frequencies; and (4) detection of localized regurgitant jets by left atrial scanning. This results in a superior recording quality and greater sensitivity. Based on a specific systolic flow pattern in the time-interval histogram, mitral regurgitation was detected in all patients by the transesophageal technique (100% sensitivity), but in only 58% by the precordial approach. Thus, transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography can accurately detect the presence of mitral regurgitation, particularly in cases of mild or moderate severity.
The Q Wave in Precordial Electrocardiograms Overlying the Hypertrophied Right Ventricle: Intracavity Leads
Authors: NOBLE O. FOWLER, RICHARD N. WESTCOTT, RALPH C. SCOTT
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Right ventricular cavity electrocardiograms were obtained in six subjects having qR patterns in V leads made from precordial sites overlying the hypertrophied right ventricle. Four of the six, unlike control subjects, had no initial R wave in the right ventricular cavity; one had only a questionable initial R wave. Simultaneous intracavity and precordial electrocardiograms suggested that the initial Q wave over the hypertrophied right ventricle is due to abnormal depolarization of the interventricular septum, and that the large R wave over the hypertrophied right ventricle is the result of delay in activation of the free wall of that chamber.
Effects of Low Oxygen and of Carbon Monoxide on the Renal Circulation in Unanesthetized Rabbits
Authors: PAUL I. KORNER, Pascoe Yvonne
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The effects of breathing 9.6% O 2 in N 2 and of breathing 0.1% to 0.2% CO in air on the renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal PAH extraction ratio were studied in the unanesthetized rabbit in relation to changes in cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation. All experiments were carried out during moderate water and mannitol diuresis. The RBF and GFR were reduced in both types of hypoxia but this effect was produced by different mechanisms. With low O 2 mixtures reduction in RBF and GFR occurred mainly as a result of nervous vasoconstriction acting on the afferent arteriole. The arterial chemoreceptors played a part in the production of vasoconstriction. With carbon monoxide, reduction in RBF and GFR occurred mainly as a result of passive reduction in blood pressure, and only slight transient nervous vasoconstriction could be demonstrated in the early period of exposure to this gas. The results suggest that differences in arterial oxygen pressure (Pa o o2 ) were of major importance in accounting for the differences in renal circulatory effects of low O 2 mixtures and CO in the rabbit.
Effect of nitrogen dioxide and other combustion products on asthmatic subjects in a home-like environment
Authors: CM Salome, NJ Brown, GB Marks, AJ Woolcock, GM Johnson, PC Nancarrow, S Quigley, J Tiong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of a number of nitrogen compounds that are by-products of combustion and occur in domestic environments following the use of gas or other fuels for heating and cooking. In this study, we examined the effect of two levels of NO2 on symptoms, lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic adults and children. In addition, in the same subjects, we examined the effects of the same levels of NO2 mixed with combustion by-products from a gas space heater. The subjects were nine adults, aged 19-65 yrs, and 11 children, aged 7-15 yrs, with diagnosed asthma which was severe enough to require daily medication. All subjects had demonstrable AHR to histamine. Exposures were for 1 h on five separate occasions, 1 week apart, to: 1) ambient air, drawn from outside the building; 2) 0.3 parts per million (ppm) NO2 in ambient air; 3) 0.6 ppm NO2 in ambient air; 4) ambient air+combustion by-products+NO2 to give a total of 0.3 ppm; and 5) ambient air+combustion by-products+NO2 to give a total of 0.6 ppm. Effects were measured as changes in lung function and symptoms during and 1 h after exposure, in AHR 1 h and 1 week after exposure, and in lung function and symptoms during the week following exposure. Exposure to NO2 either in ambient air or mixed with combustion by-products from a gas heater, had no significant effect on symptoms or lung function in adults or in children. There was a small, but statistically significant, increase in AHR after exposure to 0.6 ppm NO2 in ambient air. However, there was no effect of 0.6 ppm NO2 on AHR when the combustion by-products were included in the test atmosphere nor of 0.3 ppm NO2 under either exposure condition. We conclude that a 1 h exposure to 0.3 or 0.6 ppm NO2 has no clinically important effect on the airways of asthmatic adults or children, but that 0.6 ppm may cause a slight increase in airway hyperresponsiveness.
Prognostic Significance of Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF)-1 and PGF-2 Expression in Human Breast Cancer.
Authors: A. Escudero-Esparza, T. Martin, R. Mansel, W. Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGf) family, a group of angiogenic growth factors important in cancer development. Over-expression of PlGF is known to be associated with pathological angiogenesis. Recently, PlGF has been shown to have 4 isoforms, -1, -2, -3 and -4. This current study examined the expression of PlGF-1 and -2 in human breast cancer and how changes in expression of these isoforms may be linked to prognosis of the disease.Materials and Methods: Breast cancer primary tumours (n=114) and matched background tissue (n=30) were processed for RNA extraction. RNA was reversed transcribed and quantified before analysis by Q-PCR. The results were expressed as copy number of transcript/50ng RNA and standardised using β-actin. Statistical analysis was carried out using student t test (mean±SD) and Mann-Whitney U test (median/IQR) where appropriate. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out on a number of matched background and tumour sections.Results: Analysis of patients with a 10 year follow-up showed that transcript levels of PlGF-1 were increased in node positive tumours when compared to node negative (104.2±52.2 versus 52.5±13.6, respectively, but this did not reach significance(p=0.34). Prognostic indicators (NPI status, TNM status and grade of tumour) were not associated with significant changes in levels of PlGF-1. Moreover, there was no difference in expression with overall ER status of tumours; however, PlGF-1 was significantly increased in ERβ positive tumours (median values ERβ-ive and ERβ+ive (14.10 vs 68.75 respectively, p=0.014). Most interestingly, there was a significant increase in PlGF-1 expression in patients with poor outcome (median values patients remaining disease-free 16.5, patients who died from breast cancer 78.2, p=0.03). In comparison, the PGF-2 isoform showed little change in expression between tumour and background samples. However, Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a marked increased in PGF-2 expression in tumour sections (staining intensity (mean±SD): Background 102.05± 46.65 vs Tumour 172.85±40.33, n=20, p=0.0001).Conclusions: We can conclude from this data that there is a differential expression of the PlGF isoforms in human breast cancer. Inappropriate expression of PlGF isoforms may play a role in human breast cancer progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3041.
B-cell differentiation in the CBA/N mouse. I. Slower maturation of mitogen and antigen-responsive B cells in mice expressing an X-linked defect.
Authors: C A Whitlock, J D Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The effect of age on the mitogenic and antigenic responsiveness of B cells is examined in spleen cell cultures of CBA/N and (CBA/N X DBA/2) F1 mice. Spleen cells from young male F1 mice (4- to 6-wk old) show lower mitogenic responses to lipopolysaccharide, a lower frequency of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC)-reactive B-cell precursors, and a lower percentage of Ig-bearing cells than age-matched female F1 mice. The expression of all three functions were found to increase with the age of the F1 male mice. Whereas male F1 mice at 60 wk of age showed an equivalent percentage of Ig-bearing spleen cells and a similar mitogenic responsiveness to LPS when compared to adult female F1 mice, the frequency of SRBC-reactive B-cell precursors remained threefold lower. These findings reveal that there is a slower maturation of B cells in mice expressing the X-linked defect and suggests that the defect has differential effects on the mechanisms of antigen and mitogen activation of B cells.
Possible new therapeutic strategy to regulate atopic dermatitis through upregulating filaggrin expression
Authors: Atsushi Otsuka, Hiromi Doi, Gyohei Egawa, Akiko Maekawa, Tomoko Fujita, Satoshi Nakamizo, Chisa Nakashima, Saeko Nakajima, Takeshi Watanabe, Yoshiki Miyachi, Shuh Narumiya, Kenji Kabashima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Use of a Comprehensive Polymerase Chain Reaction System for Diagnosis of Ocular Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sunao Sugita, Manabu Ogawa, Norio Shimizu, Tomohiro Morio, Nobuyuki Ohguro, Kei Nakai, Kazuichi Maruyama, Kenji Nagata, Atsunobu Takeda, Yoshihiko Usui, Koh-Hei Sonoda, Masaru Takeuchi, Manabu Mochizuki
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Determinants of the quality of life of patients with diabetes under intensified insulin therapy.
Authors: M Rose, U Burkert, G Scholler, T Schirop, G Danzer, B F Klapp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

The concept of quality of life (QOL) is understood as a multidimensional construct made up of physiological, psychological, and social aspects, but their particular weightings for the global QOL are rarely investigated. We examined 1) the general QOL of patients with diabetes, 2) the significance of the individual QOL aspects for the overall assessment of QOL, and 3) the modulating function of coping mechanism and particular personality traits.A total of 116 diabetes patients under intensified insulin therapy were studied, as were 107 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 66 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 229 students who served as control subjects. The examination was based on eight standardized QOL and personality questionnaires (354 items) and assessed by means of linear structural regression models (AMOS 3.6).The QOL of diabetes patients appears to be higher than the QOL of other chronically ill patients. Social, psychological, and physical aspects contribute to the overall QOL, although physical complaints receive a comparatively low weighting. Coping behavior and particular personality traits covary with all QOL aspects, giving these variables greater significance for the QOL than the existence of secondary illnesses.The hypothesis that the various factors involved in the multidimensional construct QOL receive different weightings was confirmed, making a simple summary score for the general QOL appear unjustifiable. In addition, all aspects that are commonly understood as parameters of QOL are influenced by external factors, such as coping behavior, based on individual personality characteristics.
Antithrombin III Level in Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathy
Authors: Thomas R. Modafferi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding a recent BRIEF REPORT, "Intra-arterial Alprostadil for Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathy" (1981;245:1846), there is no mention of antithrombin III levels. In a patient in this age group with a history of venous thromboembolism, who on angiography has evidence of multiple arterial occlusions, I think it would be important to rule out antithrombin III deficiency as a possible cause, as this condition may be treatable with long-term warfarin sodium therapy.
Trypsinogen mutations in hereditary pancreatitis: which nomenclature is convenient? Reply
Authors: V KEIM
Journal: Gut (2000)

Viral vectors derived from different virus families, including poxvirus (canarypox virus vector ALVAC) and adenovirus (human Ad5 vector), have been widely used in vaccine development for a range of human diseases including HIV/AIDS. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying the host innate response to these vectors. Increasing evidence from clinical vaccine trials testing different viral vectors has suggested the importance of understanding basic elements of host–viral vector interactions. In this study, we investigated the innate interactions of APCs with two commonly used HIV vaccine vectors, ALVAC and Ad5, and identified AIM2 as an innate sensor for ALVAC, triggering strong inflammasome activation in both human and mouse APCs. Microarray and comprehensive gene-knockout analyses (CRISPR/Cas9) identified that ALVAC stimulated the cGAS/IFI16–STING–type I IFN pathway to prime AIM2, which was functionally required for ALVAC-induced inflammasome activation. We also provided evidence that, in contrast to ALVAC, the Ad5 vector itself was unable to induce inflammasome activation, which was related to its inability to stimulate the STING–type I IFN pathway and to provide inflammasome-priming signals. In preconditioned APCs, the Ad5 vector could stimulate inflammasome activation through an AIM2-independent mechanism. Therefore, our study identifies the AIM2 inflammasome and cGAS/IFI16–STING–type I IFN pathway as a novel mechanism for host innate immunity to the ALVAC vaccine vector.
The One-Hour Clearance Rate Hour Creatinine in Healthy Men
Authors: James A. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 20 normal young men, three consecutive, morning, 1-hour creatinine clearance studies, measured on both of two separate days after either modest or heavy hydration, were compared with each other and those of the 24-hour studies done the same day. Under either circumstance of hydration, differences between 1-hour and 24-hour clearance rates were not significant. Heavy hydration diminished the correlations between short-term and long-term clearance rates, but with one exception, the correlations remained significant. Measurements of clearance from the various one-hour collection periods were similar to one another. We conclude that values obtained from 1-hour creatinine clearance studies are reasonably reproducible and that carefully controlled 1-hour clearance studies can be used instead of 24-hour studies to determine glomerular filtration rate in groups or individuals.
Mitral Stenosis, Intercourse, and Hemoptysis
Authors: William Paul Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS department (239:351,1978), a question is posed regarding the occurrence of hemoptysis following sexual intercourse. In my area it has been generally known among medical students, interns, and residents that acute pulmonary edema may be induced, especially in women, by sexual intercourse in the presence of tight mitral stenosis. The customary symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, hemoptysis, tachycardia, and pulmonary rales. This has been referred to, albeit somewhat frivolously, as "Thompson's sign." During the days when mitral commissurotomies frequently were being performed for mitral stenosis, the observation was made among my own patients that all who exhibited this sign, with a single exception, had stenosis of such severity that the surgeon could not introduce his index finger through the mitral orifice as far as the first joint. Since the days of cardiac catheterization, calculated valve areas have always been 1 sq cm or
Further studies on the actions of endothelin-1 on blood flow in human skin
Authors: C.B. BUNKER, M.L. COULSON, N.A. HAYES, P.M. DOWD, J.C. FOREMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Further studies on the actions of endothelin‐1 on blood flow in human skin Get access C.B. BUNKER, C.B. BUNKER Dermatology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.L. COULSON, M.L. COULSON Departments of Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.A. HAYES, N.A. HAYES Departments of Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. DOWD, P.M. DOWD Dermatology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.C. FOREMAN J.C. FOREMAN Departments of Pharmacology Dr J.C.Foreman, Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 85–90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08037.x Published: 01 August 1992
Mortality among Workers Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in an Electrical Capacitor Manufacturing Plant in Indiana: An Update
Authors: Avima M. Ruder, Misty J. Hein, Nancy Nilsen, Martha A. Waters, Patricia Laber, Karen Davis-King, Mary M. Prince, Elizabeth Whelan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

An Indiana capacitor-manufacturing cohort (n=3,569) was exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1957 to 1977. The original study of mortality through 1984 found excess melanoma and brain cancer; other studies of PCB-exposed individuals have found excess non-Hodgkin lymphoma and rectal, liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder cancer. Mortality was updated through 1998. Analyses have included standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using rates for Indiana and the United States, standardized rate ratios (SRRs), and Poisson regression rate ratios (RRs). Estimated cumulative exposure calculations used a new job-exposure matrix. Mortality overall was reduced (547 deaths; SMR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma mortality was elevated (9 deaths; SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.6-2.3). Melanoma remained in excess (9 deaths; SMR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6), especially in the lowest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure (5 deaths; SMR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.2-8.7). Seven of the 12 brain cancer deaths (SMR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.0-3.3) occurred after the original study. Brain cancer mortality increased with exposure (in the highest tertile, 5 deaths; SMR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.9-6.3); the SRR dose-response trend was significant (p=0.016). Among those working >or= 90 days, both melanoma (8 deaths; SMR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2) and brain cancer (11 deaths; SMR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8) were elevated, especially for women: melanoma, 3 deaths (SMR, 5.99; 95% CI, 1.2-17.5); brain cancer, 3 deaths (SMR, 2.87; 95% CI, 0.6-8.4). These findings of excess melanoma and brain cancer mortality confirm results of the original study. Melanoma mortality was not associated with estimated cumulative exposure. Brain cancer mortality did not demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with estimated cumulative exposure.
Detoxification of Rehabilitated Methadone-Maintained Patients
Authors: Paul Cushman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Detoxification was studied in well-rehabilitated, selected, methadone-maintained patients. Seventy-nine percent of 48 patients were successfully detoxified, functioned well, and were apparently drug-free when studied months after their last methadone treatment. Twenty-one percent returned to methadone maintenance treatment because of heroin use or the withdrawal syndrome. Other patients could not be detoxified, even in a slow, flexible dose-reduction regimen. It is recommended that the primary aim of methadone treatment is to facilitate rehabilitation. Decisions regarding detoxification should be made by the physician on an individual basis, after a year or more of successful treatment after weighing the degree of rehabilitation, relapse potential, and the patient's wishes.
57 Long-term incidence of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) resistance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after 144 weeks of therapy
Authors: X. Qi, A. Snow, V. Thibault, Y. Zhu, M. Curtis, S.J. Hadziyannis, C.L. Brosgart, G. Currie, S. Arterburn, C.S. Gibbs, M.D. Miller, S. Xiong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)