tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Illustrated Handbook in Local Anaesthesia
Authors: Jane Matjasko
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<i>Illustrated Handbook in Local Anaesthesia</i>is the second edition of an apparently popular Swedish book that has been translated into English. It is intended for students and physicians in Sweden and abroad and is meant to complement more complete textbooks on local anesthesia. Twelve authors have contributed 43 chapters arranged in a more or less "head-to-toe" sequence. The color illustrations and photographs are aesthetically pleasing; however, in many cases, they are labeled too sparsely or not at all, requiring reference to other texts, rereading of the text several times, or an undue amount of time for right-left, cephalad-caudad orientation. This was an annoying drawback, especially since the main thrust of the book is the "good drawings and illustrative pictures." The chapter on pharmacology of local anesthetic agents is elementary. No mention is made of the effect of local anesthetic drugs on sodium channels nor of the effect of pH on
Influence of Psychological and Clinical Factors on Postoperative Pain and Narcotic Consumption
Authors: Argyro Voulgari, Lefteris Lykouras, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Anastasia Tzonou, Aekaterini Danou-Roussaki, George Christodoulou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Demographic, psychological and clinical factors influencing postoperative pain and narcotic analgesic requirements in 162 patients undergoing elective operations under general anesthesia were studied. Eysencks Personality Questionnaire, Foulds Hostility Questionnaire, Zung's Anxiety-Depression (self-rating) Scales and the 43 Item Life Events Inventory by Holmes and Rahe were used. Clinical correlates such as surgical department, outcome of the operation, patient's knowledge of the diagnosis, were studied. Using multiple regression analysis the following results were obtained: postoperative pain levels increase with higher score of extroverted hostility (p = 0.038), abdominal surgery (p = 0.004), longer stay at hospital postoperatively (p = 0.15) and higher educational status (p = 0.13). Postoperative narcotic requirements increase with increased postoperative pain levels (p = 0.039) and preoccupation with pain postoperatively (p = 0.025), preoperative analgesic drug use (p= 0.017), abdominal surgery (p = 0.009) and longer stay at hospital preoperatively (p = 0.016). Also the department in which the patients were hospitalized influenced narcotic consumption.
The Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Henry M. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

AT a recent panel discussion of the treatment of hyperthyroidism four authoritative representatives,‡ from as many hospitals or clinics that have long concentrated on this subject, presented the methods of treatment currently employed in their institutions, and, interestingly if disturbingly enough, there were fundamental differences — one from the other. Is one to believe, then, that there is no single method of choice, or on the other hand, must the choice of therapy be made to suit the individual case? Perhaps the facts as brought out in this discussion can be presented in a way that will lead the reader . . .
Increased expression of tenascin C by keloids in vivo and in vitro
Authors: None Dalkowski, None Schuppan, None Orfanos, None Zouboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Increased expression of tenascin C by keloids in vivo and in vitro Get access A. Dalkowski, A. Dalkowski Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D‐12200 Berlin, Germany, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Schuppan, D. Schuppan Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D‐12200 Berlin, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine I, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E. Orfanos, C.E. Orfanos Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D‐12200 Berlin, Germany, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.C. Zouboulis C.C. Zouboulis Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D‐12200 Berlin, Germany, Christos C.Zouboulis E‐mail: zoubbere@zedat_fu‐berlin.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 50–56, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02920.x Published: 01 July 1999
Cochrane group rejects Roche's offer of "advisory board" to discuss analysis of oseltamivir data
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injury during childbirth is a key risk factor for subsequent pelvic floor disorders that affect millions of women worldwide. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) play a central role in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscles, where they activate, proliferate, and differentiate to assure myogenesis needed for muscle recovery. For robust regenerative function, MuSCs require the support of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and immune cells. To elucidate the role of MuSCs, FAPs, and immune infiltrate in female PFM regeneration, we used radiation to perturb the system and followed PFM recovery in a simulated birth injury (SBI) rat model. Non-irradiated and irradiated rats were euthanized at 3,7, 10, and 28 days after SBI; PFMs were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Cross sectional area (CSA) of all PFM myofibers 28 days after injury in irradiated animals was significantly lower relative to non-irradiated injured controls, indicating impairment of PFM recovery. Following SBI in non-irradiated animals, the number of MuSCs and FAPs expanded significantly at 7 and 3 days after injury, respectively; this expansion did not occur in irradiated animals at the same time points. CSA of embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC, marker of newly regenerated myofibers) positive fibers was also significantly smaller following SBI in irradiated muscles compared to PFMs from non-irradiated injured controls at 7 days. Our results demonstrate that loss of function and decreased expansion of MuSCs and FAPs associated with irradiation results in impaired PFM recovery, signifying essential roles for MuSCs and FAPs in the regenerative process of female PFMs after birth injury. These findings can inform the identification of novel preventative and therapeutic targets and the development of new treatments for PFM dysfunction and associated pelvic floor disorders.
Sutures and the Burst Abdomen
Authors: A. W. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BmDIC ¶sHand a small outbreak was recorded in Bristol in 1961 2 A week ago two cases were seen in Bristol, and within the last ten days at least 20 cases have occurred in a small area of Buckinghamshire.A very similar outbreak has occurred in Swindon involving about the same numbers.Recent observations suggest that some patients in these outbreaks may only suffer from mouth ulcers, and this fact and the mildness of the condition may not cause it to be recognized immediately.It seems, however, that the disease may well be occurring in many different parts of the country, and it would be of interest to hear of further outbreaks that have occurred.-Weare, etc.,
Chemically assisted submucosal injection facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms
Authors: K. Sumiyama, H. Tajiri, C. Gostout, M. Kawamura, H. Imazu, T. Ohya, K. Ikeda, K. Goda, S. Saito, T. Kato
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: A randomized in vivo animal study previously demonstrated that topical injection of mesna solution (sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) chemically softened submucosal connective tissues and facilitated mechanical dissection of the submucosal tissue plane. The present study evaluated the technical feasibility and safety of chemically assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (CA-ESD) using mesna in 20 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic excision of gastric neoplasm.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

One of the fondest aspirations of metabolically oriented physiologists has been to monitor biochemical reactions as they occur in living tissues and to do so quantitatively, repetitively, and nondestructively, without altering the function of the tissue itself. The techniques of spectroscopic detection of electromagnetic radiation lend themselves to these requirements; familiar examples include the evaluation of cellular redox states by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence and by the absorption of light in the visible range by cytochromes.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) falls into this general category, since it depends on the measurement of specific radio-frequency emissions elicited in a strong magnetic . . .
Going Mad with<i>Smad</i>s
Authors: S Zhou, K W Kinzler, B Vogelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In the past year, several studies of mice with genetically manipulated Smad genes have caught the attention of cancer researchers. Smad is a family of at least nine genes, each bearing an identifying number (e.g., Smad1, Smad2, and Smad9), and each encoding a protein involved in mediating cellular responses to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related polypeptides. The prototype for this family of ligands was named “transforming growth factor” because it was initially identified as a serum component that stimulated neoplastic-like behavior in fibroblasts. Now we know that it has important roles in the life and death of . . .
Cancer Stem Cell–Directed Therapies: Recent Data From the Laboratory and Clinic
Authors: Christopher Y Park, Diane Tseng, Irving L Weissman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined by their ability to (i) fully recapitulate the tumor of origin when transplanted into immunodeficient mouse hosts, and (ii) self-renew, demonstrated by their ability to be serially transplanted. These properties suggest that CSCs are required for tumor maintenance and metastasis; thus, it has been predicted that CSC elimination is required for cure. This prediction has profoundly altered paradigms for cancer research, compelling investigators to prospectively isolate CSCs to characterize the molecular pathways regulating their behavior. Many potential strategies for CSC-directed therapy have been proposed, but few studies have rigorously demonstrated their efficacy using in vivo models. Herein, we highlight recent studies that demonstrate the utility of CSC-directed therapies and discuss the implications of the CSC hypothesis to experimental design and therapeutic strategies.
A Post-Graduate Lecture ON NEUROTIC DYSPEPSIA: Delivered at the London School of Clinical Medicine
Authors: G. Rankin
Journal: BMJ (1911)

NEUROTIC-DYSPEPSIAj|DEC-9, itli.15 of the lhand are inactive, there is no object in an artlirodesis of tlhe shoulder.I performi the operation by the anterior incisionl comiimonly, used for excision of the slioulder-joint.The lIlilierusshould be fixed iin abductioil and internal rotation :6 that th6-hand can bhe brought to the moutlh.It is very i'are for mne to perform artlhrodesis of tlhe knee.It is an operation whiclh, if not performed early, gives an admirably firm limb, and I have patients who go about their work contentedly, witla a stiff knee and ankle; others, lhowever, regret the day onl which they consented to this- operation.This regret is m-erely due to inconvenience.T'he limb, they say, is ilways in the way and in evidence.Wlhere money permits, a lock calliper fills every indication, anud can be used for walkiing in extension or sitting in flexion.Arthlrodesis, in my opinion, is quite unsuitable for hiip, wrvist, or elbow.At the elbow because the removal of skin and fixation of forearm at an acute angle does whlat is desired.At the wrist 'the usefulness of the fingers dlepends on the presenec of -some degree of co-ordinationof limovemelnt, whichmieafis that botlh extensors and flexors mllust be acting and controlling eachl other.If there be power in the muscles the lhand can always be miiade useful b)y means other than artlhrodesis, and, of course, if the hand is useless the wrist should be left alolnc. VI. Tr((isplantation of NCeres.No discussion of the sturgery of paralysis wouild be com- 1)lete at tlle present day witlhout some refeorence to the
Delayed response of insulin-stimulated fluorine-18 deoxyglucose uptake in glucose transporter-4-null mice hearts
Authors: Marcus V Simões, Silvia Egert, Sibylle Ziegler, Masao Miyagawa, Sybille Reder, Terry Lehner, Ngoc Nguyen, Maureen J Charron, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Airway Expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in T-Cell Peptide-Induced Late Asthmatic Reactions
Authors: F.R. Ali, L.G. Heaney, F. Benyahia, J. Barkans, C.P. Soh, A. Mochizuki, A.F. Walls, A. Humbles, H. Renz, S. Ying, T. Lee, M. Larché, A.B. Kay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Methemalbumin in the Diagnosis of Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Authors: MICHAEL C. GEOKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The early differentiation between acute edematous and hemorrhagic pancreatitis is crucial for prognosis and treatment. By testing serum and ascites or pleural effusion for methemalbumin the two types of pancreatitis can be distinguished early in the course of the disease. In a series of 18 patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis we consistently found methemalbuminemia, whereas in 20 patients with severe edematous pancreatitis, five patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and two patients with acute intraabdominal hemorrhage methemalbumin in serum was not found. The detection of methemalbumin in serum and ascites or pleural effusion of patients with a history and enzyme studies compatible with acute pancreatic inflammation should be considered virtually pathognomonic of the hemorrhagic form.
Reduction of Dust-borne Bacteria in the Air of Hospital Wards by Liquid Paraffin Treatment of Bedclothes
Authors: J. C. Thomas, M. van den Ende
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Until recently it had been commonly accepted that respira- tory infections are spread direct by droplets disseminated from the upper respiratory tract of infected persons or carriers.Large droplets (0.1 to 1 mm.) may be sprayed for a distance of fifteen feet, but, by reason of their size, fall rapidly to the ground.
Antenatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Skeletal Malformations
Authors: Gary D. Hodgen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

NO DETERMINANT of an individual's ultimate potential is as important as the normalcy of their development in utero. When confronted with the consequences of severe fetal malformations, the adage "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" seems worthy of serious consideration. The forfeiture of human potential arising from debilitating birth defects is a tragedy. In contrast, the healthy fetus becomes an infant with superior opportunities to enjoy the benefits provided within the home and the community. During the course of a normal lifetime, the healthy child is likely to contribute to society. Malformed children with extensive physical and mental incapacities often may not have the same opportunities. Some will have anomalies that can be repaired during early childhood. For some, even survival will not be possible. Scientists in reproductive medicine must recognize both the responsibilities and opportunities for preventing or treating fetal malformations. Antenatal diagnostic tests provide
Use of blue cotton for detection of mutagenicity in human feces excreted after ingestion of cooked meat.
Authors: H Hayatsu, T Hayatsu, Y Wataya
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Fried ground beef has been shown to contain mutagens, and the major mutagenic component has been identified as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx). Mutagens in feces of three adult volunteers were fractionated by treatment of the feces with blue cotton followed by chromatography on a carboxymethyl cellulose column. The chromatographic fraction corresponding to MeIQx in terms of the position of elution was examined for mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA 98 with metabolic activation. When meals containing no heated meat were eaten, this fraction of feces showed little or no mutagenicity. On eating fried ground beef, the feces excreted in the next 2 days showed greatly increased mutagenicity in this fraction. By eating no-meat meals subsequent to the meat meal, the mutagenicity resumed the original low level on the fourth day after the meat meal. The components in the mutagenic fraction were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and were shown to differ from MeIQx.
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by targeting autoantigen to B cells: evidence that the protective mechanism depends on changes in the cytokine response and migratory properties of the autoantigen-specific T cells.
Authors: A Saoudi, S Simmonds, I Huitinga, D Mason
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Previous experiments from this laboratory have shown that Lewis rats were protected from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) in Freund's complete adjuvant if they were treated with the encephalitogenic peptide of MBP covalently linked to mouse anti-rat immunoglobulin (Ig) D. It was suggested that this protection developed because the antibody-peptide conjugate targeted the peptide to B cells and that this mode of presentation induced a Th2-like T cell response that controlled the concomitant encephalitogenic Th1 reaction to the autoantigen. The current experiments were carried out to test this hypothesis and to examine the alternative explanation for the protective effect of the conjugate pretreatment, namely that it induced a state of nonresponsiveness in the autoantigenspecific T cells. It was shown that EAE induction was suppressed in Lewis rats when the antibody-peptide conjugate was injected intravenously 14 and 7 d before immunization with MBP in adjuvant, but that anti-MBP antibody titers were at least as high in these animals as in controls that were not pretreated with the conjugate before immunization. Lymph node cells from these pretreated animals, while proliferating in vitro to MBP as vigorously as those from controls, produced less interferon gamma and were very inferior in their ability to transfer disease after this in vitro activation. In contrast, these same lymph node cells from protected rats generated markedly increased levels of messenger RNA for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. When these in vitro experiments were repeated using the encephalitogenic peptide rather than MBP as the stimulus, the proliferative response of lymph node cells from pretreated donors was less than that from controls but was still readily detectable in the majority of experiments. Furthermore, the cytokine expression induced by the peptide was similar to that elicited by whole MBP. While these results support the original hypothesis that the anti-IgD-peptide conjugate pretreatment protected rats from EAE by inducing a Th2-type cytokine response, a totally unexpected finding was that this pretreatment greatly reduced the level of leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. This result provides a direct explanation for the protective effect of the pretreatment, but it raises questions regarding migratory and homing patterns of leukocytes activated by different immunological stimuli.
Nonlinear experiential influences on the development of fear reactions
Authors: David B. Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Failure to find an obvious or linear relationship between a developmental experiential factor and a developmental outcome often leads investigators to posit concepts such as “biological preparedness” and “evolved predispositions” that allude to hypothetical geneticmechanisms that may not exist. However, experiential nonlinearities alone may explain the development of certain instinctive behaviors, as shown by studies on alarm call responsivity in mallard ducklings.
Hypocholesterolaemia and Orotic Aciduria During Treatment with 6-Azauridine
Authors: A. S. Buttoo, M. C. G. Israels, J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

hereditary orotic aciduria is not difficult in principle, using small amounts of a palatable soluble chemical given by mouth and free of side-effects.Observation of the peripheral blood should be sufficient to control dosage, supplemented when necessary by bone-marrow examinations and estimations of orotic acid excretion.Through the generosity of Nutritional Biochemicals Corp., Cleveland, Ohio, uridine is at present supplied at a cost which is reasonable in comparison with that of treating many chronic diseases.The treatment of orotic aciduria detected in early infancy promises to be simple, economic, and rewarding. SummaryA second case of hereditary orotic aciduria is described.This diagnosis was established in a 17-month-old boy with megaloblastic anaemia who failed to respond to treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, pyridoxine, and thyroxine.He was found to excrete more than 1 g. of orotic acid daily.Preliminary results of biochemical studies support the previous hypothesis that this is an inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism in which there is marked reduction in activity of two sequential enzymes in the major pathway of pyrimidine synthesis.This is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.Haematological remission was induced by the nucleoside uridine and has been maintained for 18 months.Previous physical and mental retardation has responded to treatment, although some degree of intellectual impairment is likely to persist.The likelihood of gratifying results from early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is emphasized.We should like to thank Dr.
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES AND DEPRESSION: ROLE OF CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS
Authors: Francesca Felice, Rossella Di Stefano, Stefano Pini, Gianfranco Mazzotta, Francesco M. Bovenzi, Daniele Bertoli, Alessandro Muccignat, Yuri Micchi, Marianna Abelli, Lucia Borelli, Paola Michi, Camilla Gesi, Lisa Lari, Claudia Oligieri, Alessandra Cardini, Alberto Balbarini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Vast majority of NHS services must go out to tender, health minister says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK government has come under fire after publishing legislation this month that compels the new clinical commissioning groups in England to place the bulk of NHS services on the open market.

The new rules, due to come into effect from 1 April 2013, will require commissioners to allow all qualified providers of services—whether they are NHS, private, or voluntary providers—to bid for NHS contracts under competitive tender, except in certain limited circumstances.

But the UK Labour Party and the new National Health Action Party, which was set up by doctors opposed to the government’s changes to the NHS,1 said that the legislation contradicted previous assurances by Conservative ministers that commissioners would not be forced to open NHS services to the market, and they urged MPs to force a parliamentary debate to try to halt the process.

Proposals to expand competition in …