tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Carcinosarcoma in a Patient With Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou, Panagiotis Athanassiou, Anastasios Gkountouvas, Gino Vecchini, Petroula Arapantoni-Dadioti, Philippos Kaldrymides
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Chemokine responses distinguish chemical-induced allergic from irritant skin inflammation: Memory T cells make the difference
Authors: Stephan Meller, Antti I. Lauerma, Frank Michael Kopp, Franziska Winterberg, Minna Anthoni, Anja Müller, Michael Gombert, Anna Haahtela, Harri Alenius, Juliane Rieker, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Robert Christof Kubitza, Ernst Gleichmann, Thomas Ruzicka, Albert Zlotnik, Bernhard Homey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Genetic dissection of T cell receptor V beta gene requirements for spontaneous murine diabetes.
Authors: J A Shizuru, C Taylor-Edwards, A Livingstone, C G Fathman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

It has been demonstrated, in certain autoimmune disease models, that pathogenic T cells express antigen receptors of limited diversity. It has been suggested that the T cells responsible for the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus might similarly demonstrate restricted T cell receptor (TCR) usage. Recently, attempts have been made to identify the V beta subset(s) that initiates and/or perpetuates the antiislet response in a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes (non-obese diabetic [NOD] mice). In studies reported here, we have bred NOD mice to a mouse strain that congenitally lacks approximately one-half of the conventional TCR V beta alleles. Included in this deletion are TCR V beta gene products previously implicated as being involved in the pathogenesis of NOD disease. By studying second backcross-intercross animals, we were able to demonstrate that this deletion of TCR V beta gene segments did not prevent the development of insulitis or diabetes.
The Harveian Lecture ON THE VARIOUS FORMS OF FIBROSITIS AND THEIR TREATMENT: Delivered before the Harveian Society of London on April 10th, 1913
Authors: A. P. Luff
Journal: BMJ (1913)

Council of this society for the honour conferred in asking me to deliver this lecture.I feel that some excuse is perhaps necessary in selecting for my subject one of the minor maladies, but it is one that has a very appreciable influence on the comfort and enjoyment of life, is very prevalent, especially in this country, and, in my opinion, is well worthy of more attention than it lhas hitherto received at tlle lhands of the medical professioln.It happens to be a disease in the treatment of which I hlave lhad considerable experience for many years, and I therefore thouglht that the present would be a fitting occasion to lay before you the results of that experience in tlhe treatment of this cQmmon and painful malady.The affections that I am dealing with in this lecture are tlle more or less clhronic affections which are generally labelled " rheumatic," but which undoubtedly are not the sequelae of acute rheumatism, and which are in no sense connected with that disease.Whereas acute rheumatism is more common in the first half of life, tlho various forms of chronic rhieumatism are much more common in the second. PATHOLOGY.In the great majority of the cases of so-called chronic rlheumatism, the pathological change is in the white fibrous tissue in various parts of the body, and to this condclition the term " fibrositis " has been very aptly applied.Theo essential pathological change in fibrositis is an inflammatory hyperplasia of the white fibrous tissue in various parts of the body, associated with exudation and proliferation of the connective tissue elements leading to swelling and thickening of the affected fibrous tissues.This condition may undergo absorption and so completely disappear, or, if not suitably treated, it may pass on to organization with the formation of nodules and patches of thickening.The articular structures proper-synovial membrane, cartilage, and bone-are not primarily affected, but the parts implicated are the fibrous tissues of the joints, muscles, and bones, especially the aponeuroses and insertions of the muscles, the muscle sheaths in which the muscle spindles lie, the bursae, fasciae, the fibrous ligaments and capsules of the joints, and the periosteum.Such affections cause pain and stiffness in these struc- tures, are especially apt to recur, and are commonly referred to as rheumatic or even gouty in their origin.This inflammatory hyperplasia of the fibrous tissues occurs in patches, and is started by exposure to wet or cold, by injury, or by some irritant, microbic or toxic, conveyed in the blood.The inflamed and swollen fibrous tissue is tender, painful on pressure or on movement, and can frequently be felt on palpation, or is evident by the con- sequent elevation of the skin.Sudden movement of the affected muscles generally causes excruciating pain, while the local pain on pressure is one of the most diagnostic features of these cases.
Expression of endoglin and the activin receptor-like kinase 1 in skin suggests a role for these receptors in normal skin function and skin tumorigenesis
Authors: B. Beger, K. Robertson, A. Evans, A. Grant, J. Berg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Expression of endoglin and the activin receptor‐like kinase 1 in skin suggests a role for these receptors in normal skin function and skin tumorigenesis Get access B. Beger, B. Beger Division of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.KDivision of Genetics and Development, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Robertson, K. Robertson Division of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.KDepartment of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Evans, A. Evans Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Grant, A. Grant Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Berg J. Berg Division of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.KDivision of Genetics and Development, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K Jonathan Berg. E‐mail: j.n.berg@dundee.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 1 February 2006, Pages 379–382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07043.x Published: 01 February 2006
Abstract IA21: Long noncoding RNAs as drug targets
Authors: Claes Robert Wahlestedt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Much of the mammalian genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs of different categories. This lecture will primarily be concerned with natural antisense transcripts (NATs) most of which are long noncoding RNAs. NATs are found in most gene loci and regulate gene expression through several distinct mechanisms including chromatin modifications. Inhibition/perturbation of endogenous NATs by modified oligonucleotides called AntagoNATs, in vitro or in vivo, reveals concordant or discordant regulation and results in down- or up-regulation of conventional (protein-coding) gene expression, respectively. Evidence will be presented that AntagoNATs can potently induce locus-specific and reversible modulation of gene expression associated with alterations in chromatin marks. Citation Format: Claes Robert Wahlestedt. Long noncoding RNAs as drug targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Coronary Drug Project
Authors: Daniel J. Gans
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  As a statistician, I must object to the manner in which statistical hypothesis testing has been used to support negative conclusions in the report on the Coronary Drug Project (231:360, 1975). For example, we are told that  is no evidence of significant efficacy of clofibrate with regard to total mortality or cause-specific mortality. It is difficult to object to the literal meaning of this circumspect language, but as I shall show, it is very misleading, for one might equally well say that there is no evidence against an important degree of efficacy.  The authors seem to have made the common mistake of confusing statistical and practical significance. Specifically, they appear to believe that failure to obtain a statistically significant difference between drug and placebo implies that any true drug effect is likely to be small in practical terms. This is a gross delusion, even in studies
1082-185 Functional evaluation of coronary collateral flow in patients with severe coronary artery disease by intracoronary pressure wire
Authors: Imad Sheiban, Maria Teresa Lucciola, Caludio Moretti, Antonio Migliaretti, Filippo Sciuto, Walter Grosso Marra, Pierluigi Omedè, Alessandra Truffa, Ahmed Shoheib, Gianpaolo Trevi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a clinicopathological study of patients with disease of the mucosa, muscle layer, and subserosal tissues.
Authors: N J Talley, R G Shorter, S F Phillips, A R Zinsmeister
Journal: Gut (1990)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological spectrum of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and identify possible difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. All patients with a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, defined by the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration of the gut (38), or a radiological diagnosis with peripheral eosinophilia (two), were identified from the Mayo Clinic records; in none was there evidence of extraintestinal disease. Patients were divided into three groups according to the Klein classification: predominant mucosal (23), muscular (12), or subserosal disease (five). A fourth group of patients (10) for comparison had abdominal symptoms and unexplained peripheral eosinophilia but no proven eosinophilic infiltration of the gut. It was found that a history of allergy was reported by 20 of 40 patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Peripheral eosinophilia was absent in nine of 40. The patients with subserosal disease were distinct from the other groups in presentation (abdominal bloating, ascites), higher eosinophil counts and in their dramatic responses to steroid therapy. Otherwise the patients were similar regarding demographic factors, presenting symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, diarrhoea), and laboratory parameters. The ESR was moderately raised in 10 of 40 patients. The disease may affect any area of the gastrointestinal tract; eosinophilic infiltration was documented in the oesophagus in one patient and in the colon in two cases. Endoscopic biopsies missed the diagnosis in five of 40 presumably because of patchy disease. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms even in the absence of peripheral eosinophilia.
Activating mutations in NOTCH1 in acute myeloid leukemia and lineage switch leukemias
Authors: T Palomero, K McKenna, J O-Neil, I Galinsky, R Stone, K Suzukawa, E Stiakaki, M Kalmanti, E A Fox, M A Caligiuri, J C Aster, A T Look, A A Ferrando
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION IN INTRACARDIAC SURGERY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO HEART-LUNG MACHINES
Authors: Frank Gerbode, DenisG. Melrose, Alan Norman, JohnJ. Osborn, HerbertA. Perkins, DanielM. Baer, H.B. Moy, C.Paul Coombs, Eminger Stewart
Journal: The Lancet (1958)
Global burden of sickle cell anaemia is set to rise by a third by 2050
Authors: T. Biswas
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The number of babies born with sickle cell anaemia around the world is set to rise by a third by 2050, a study has predicted . 

The study, published in PLOS Medicine , used estimates of the prevalence of sickle cell anaemia to predict that the number of cases in newborns is likely to rise to about 404 200 in 2050, up from 305 800 in 2010.1 Between 2010 and 2050 about 14.2 million babies will be born with sickle cell …
Independent contractor model for GPs has had its day, says RCGP chairwoman
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The small business model of general practice in the United Kingdom has “served its time” and should be remoulded, with primary, secondary, and community care integrated in single local organisations, the outgoing chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners has said.

In an interview with the BMJ ahead of the royal college’s annual conference in Harrogate, which takes place on 3-5 October, Clare Gerada questioned whether GPs’ independent contractor status was still fit for …
P114 Non-tuberculous mycobacteria–An increasing problem with many companions: Abstract P114 Table 1.
Authors: E Karampini, C Groves, HJ Milburn, RD Barker, RAM Breen, FMR Perrin
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Infections secondary to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging with increasing frequency in various clinical settings. The determination of the clinical and prognostic significance of NTM isolates remains challenging and, in the absence of large trials, the evidence around the different therapeutic options is limited[1]. We aimed to identify the number of patients with single/multiple NTM isolates in our hospitals and evaluate their complexity with respect to coexistent microbiology. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective case review of patients in whom NTM were isolated over the last two years in two large teaching hospitals. <h3>Results</h3> 195 patients were diagnosed with an NTM within the specified time period. Of those, 29 patients (14.8%) had cystic fibrosis (CF) and 11 patients (5.6%) were HIV-positive. In the non-CF population, in 112 of 166 patients (67.5%) NTM were isolated in 1 sample, in 24 patients (14.5%) in 2 samples and in 30 patients (18%) in 3 or more samples. In 8 patients (4.8%) 2 or more different NTM species were isolated in the same samples. The NTM source was: sputum in 130 patients (78.3%), bronchial washings in 23 patients (13.8%) and other pulmonary/non-pulmonary sites in 13 patients (7.9%). Table 1 shows the NTM species isolated. 61 patients (36.7%) were co-infected with other organisms; most commonly with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. Co-infection with other organisms was not related to the NTM species, or to the number of NTM isolates. 114 patients (68.7%) were reviewed by a respiratory physician; this included all patients with 3 or more NTM isolates. 122 patients (73.5%) underwent CT imaging. 36 patients (21.7%) were commenced on treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NTM infection is an increasing and often complex challenge in respiratory medicine that requires specialist input. Further studies are needed to clarify whether co-infection with other organisms is related to the nature (e.g. bronchiectasis, cavitation) or severity of respiratory disease. <h3>References</h3> Griffith DE <i>et al</i>; “An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases”, <i>AJRCCM</i> 175: 367–416 (2007)
<i>CDKN2A/B</i>Alterations Impair Prognosis in Adult<i>BCR-ABL1</i>–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients
Authors: Ilaria Iacobucci, Anna Ferrari, Annalisa Lonetti, Cristina Papayannidis, Francesca Paoloni, Stefania Trino, Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi, Emanuela Ottaviani, Federica Cattina, Luciana Impera, Maria Chiara Abbenante, Marco Vignetti, Antonella Vitale, Leonardo Potenza, Stefania Paolini, Simona Soverini, Fabrizio Pane, Mario Luppi, Robin Foà, Michele Baccarani, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The 9p21 locus, encoding three important tumor suppressors (p16/CDKN2A, p14/ARF, and p15/CDKN2B), is a major target of inactivation in the pathogenesis of many human tumors. Patients and Methods: To explore, at high resolution, the frequency and size of alterations affecting this locus in adult BCR-ABL1–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to investigate their prognostic value, 112 patients (101 de novo and 11 relapsed cases) were analyzed by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and gene candidate deep exon sequencing. Paired diagnosis–relapse samples were further available and analyzed for 19 (19%) cases. Results: CDKN2A/ARF and CDKN2B genomic alterations were identified in 29% and 25% of newly diagnosed patients, respectively. Deletions were monoallelic in 72% of cases, and in 43% of them, the minimal overlapping region of the lost area spanned only the CDKN2A/B gene locus. An analysis conducted at relapse showed an increase in the detection rate of CDKN2A/ARF loss (47%) compared with the time of diagnosis (P = 0.06). Point mutations within the 9p21 locus were found at very low levels, with only a nonsynonymous substitution in the exon 2 of CDKN2A. Of note, deletions of CDKN2A/B were significantly associated with poor outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.0206), disease free-survival (P = 0.0010), and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = 0.0014). Conclusions: Inactivation of the 9p21 locus by genomic deletion is a frequent event in BCR-ABL1–positive ALL. Deletions are frequently acquired during leukemia progression and are a poor prognostic marker of long-term outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7413–23. ©2011 AACR.
Photoprotection: public campaigns in Ireland and the U.K.
Authors: G.M. Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Photoprotection: public campaigns in Ireland and the U.K. Get access G.M. Murphy G.M. Murphy Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Gillian M.Murphy, Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. E‐mail: gillian@iol.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue s61, 1 April 2002, Pages 31–33, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.7.x Published: 01 April 2002
Underdeveloped Genitalia-Reply
Authors: Arthur Roth
Journal: JAMA (1962)

I agree with the general message of the letter from our English colleague. The first sentence of my answer stated that "testosterone or gonadotropic hormone treatment is usually reserved for those cases of developmental retardation in which the young man is at least 15 years old and shows no signs of maturation into pubescence." I went on to describe situations ( rare though they are ) in which laboratory tests can help the physician determine the need for hormone replacement. This is much to be preferred to treatment with hormones when no clear indication for such treatment exists. A patient I saw recently may be of interest. This 35-year-old man presented himself to me because he thought that I, as a "teen-age doctor," might be able to help him. When he was 12 years old a physician frightened him by telling him that his penis and testes were abnormally small and he
TREATMENT OF DIABETES BY RAW FRESH GLAND (PANCREAS)
Authors: P. J. Cammidge
Journal: BMJ (1925)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Relationships are multidimensional, and we know little about how different facets of relationships affect how older patients’ with multimorbidity use homecare and health services. Social gerontology literature emphasizes the importance of care settings, gender inequalities, availability of health services, and affordability. However, the diversity of relationships and associated dependency in elder care remains underassessed. This qualitative study combining a demographic survey with interviews explores the relationship experiences of older women (age 60 years and over) with multimorbidity in homecare and health services utilization. Researchers contacted the Civil Surgeon of Sylhet District in Bangladesh to recruit study participants and conducted 33 interviews [11 staff members and 22 older women with multimorbidity]. Three domains of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and misrecognition [i.e. intimate, community, and legal relationships] underpin study findings. Data were analysed using critical thematic discourse analysis. Four themes, including seven relationship dimensions, emerged: the nature of caregiving; intimate affairs [marital marginalization and parent-children-in law dynamics]; alienation in peer-relationships and neighbourhood [siblings’ overlooking of women’s rights and needs, neighbourhood challenges such as ageism, and gender inequality in interactions]; and legal connections [ignorance of rights and missed communication]. Marginalization in family relationships, together with poor peer supports and a misrecognition of care needs from service providers, resulted in a lack of quality care for older women with multimorbidity. Understanding the complexities of older women’s relationships may assist in policy making with better attention to their health needs and deepen understanding of how gender inequality intersects with the cultural devaluation of older adults to reduce their well-being. Staff training on relationship building and counselling services for family caregivers and kin are essential to improve the quality of care for these women.
Dual Ventricular Rhythm
Authors: Apurva O. Badheka, Peeyush M. Grover, Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat, Amit Badiye, George R. Marzouka, Nileshkumar J. Patel, Sandra V. Chaparro, Raul D. Mitrani
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

A74-year-oldmanwithahistoryofheart transplantpresentedwith alteredmental status. On admission, his bloodpressurewas96/63 mm Hg and his heart rate was 72/min. On examination, he was in no immediate distress and had clear lung fields. Therewere no gallopsonexamination, andhehadno focalneurologicaldeficits.Amedian sternotomy scar and a left upper chest medical device were noted. The patient was unable to provide any history. His relatives confirmed prior heart transplant. Figure 1 shows the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) at theemergency department. Question:Given theclinical historyand thisECG,what initial differential diagnoses should be considered and what should be the initial therapy?
Stopping smoking could speed recovery after operations
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Research presented to the world conference on tobacco and health in Helsinki last week indicates that smokers take longer to recover from surgery than people who have given up smoking.

The study looked at the effects of smoking cessation and the outcomes of surgery. Dr Ann Moller, a consultant anaesthetist at the Herber University Hospital, Denmark, looked at 166 smokers who were waiting at least eight weeks for hip or knee surgery.

She and her colleagues divided the participants into two groups—one group received intensive counselling on smoking cessation and an offer of free nicotine replacement treatment, while the control group was offered standard preoperative …
Analysis of cell proliferation data.
Authors: R W Morris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

When estimating the labeling index is of interest, the design of experiments raises a number of methodological questions: How many cells should be scored? How big a difference in labeling index is likely to be detectable? What is the potential effect of low growth fraction on detecting a treatment effect? What are appropriate ways of expressing treatment effects on labeling index? Data from two labeling index experiments are used to shed light on these questions. The answers to all questions depend on the level of labeling index under consideration: a low frequency of labeling makes it important to count more cells, but this should not be done at the expense of using fewer animals. Detecting differences between treated and control groups when labeling index is low or when growth fraction is low is difficult, and caution must be used when expressing treatment effect as fold increase when labeling index is small.