tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulating Physician Expert Witness Testimony—Reply
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to topical leukotriene B4 in healthy and psoriatic skin
Authors: A.M. LAMMERS, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The in situ infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes following the topical application of leukotriene B4 to the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and the skin of normal controls has been quantified using elastase as a marker enzyme. The magnitude of this response in the psoriatic patients proved to be significantly diminished compared with the response in the controls. The time course of the response was similar in both groups, maximum elastase activity being seen about 18 h after application of the LTB4.
Evidence of a Direct Effect of Myocardial Steatosis on LV Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction in Adult and Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Rajarshi Banerjee, Belen Rial, Cameron J. Holloway, Adam J. Lewandowski, Matthew D. Robson, Chinwe Osuchukwu, Jurgen E. Schneider, Paul Leeson, Oliver J. Rider, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Forging a Community Health Partnership: Hillsborough County, Florida
Authors: Dennis H. Penzell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —We read with great interest the recent Special Communication entitled  Reform and The Health of The Public: Forging Community Health Partnerships. 1   We believe it is important and timely to describe a unique and successful health care program for medically indigent citizens of Hillsborough County, Florida. The Hillsborough County Health Care Plan (HCHCP), implemented in 1992, has been developed through the collaboration of private hospitals, the county health department, federally funded community and migrant health centers, and a public teaching hospital.  The HCHCP is a managed care program that promotes access to primary and specialty health care services through coordinated efforts between health and social service agencies. The mission and ultimate goal of the HCHCP is improving the health of the citizens and reducing the spiraling cost of health care.  Historically, the Florida State Legislature passed Senate Bill 156 in 1990 allowing counties to levy a
Former poison gas workers and cancer: incidence and inhibition of tumor formation by treatment with biological response modifier N-CWS.
Authors: M Yamakido, S Ishioka, K Hiyama, A Maeda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Mustard gas is known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on animal and human cells. In this report, 1,632 male Japanese who worked in poison gas factories at some time between the years 1927 and 1945 were studied to determine comparative risk for development of cancer, the reference population being data on Japanese males overall. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in workers directly and indirectly involved in the production of mustard gas was significantly elevated. In addition, SMR for lung cancer in worker who had worked for more than 5 years was also significantly elevated. Thus, poison gas workers who had engaged in the production of mustard gas or related work for more than 5 years are a high-risk group for lung cancer. Under the cancer preventive program, Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was administered to 146 former poison gas workers. During a 4.5 year observation period, development of cancers was found in 7 treated workers and 17 untreated controls. After elimination of the influence of smoking level, a significant suppression of development of cancers was noted in the N-CWS-treated workers as compared to the untreated controls. Although the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in former poison gas workers remains unclear, our study proposes the possible effect of biological response modifiers in the prevention of cancer development in high-risk human subjects.
CARDIAC AAV6-BETAARKCT GENE THERAPY RESCUES FAILING MYOCARDIUM AND NORMALIZES NEUROHORMONAL SIGNALING IN A CLINICALLY RELEVANT SWINE HEART FAILURE MODEL
Authors: Philip W. Raake, Philipp Schlegel, Christophe Weber, Sven T. Pleger, Hugo A. Katus, Walter J. Koch, Patrick Most, Oliver J. Müller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Why doctors and their organisations must help tackle climate change: an essay by Eric Chivian
Authors: E. Chivian
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors are ideally placed to provide people with compelling, concrete examples of the medical consequences of climate change, argues <b>Eric Chivian</b>. Not only do they have the ability to turn around the potentially destructive changes to the environment caused by human behaviour, but they also have the responsibility to do so
Abstract 4342: Inhibition of radiation-enhanced cell adhesion in breast cancer cells by ROS scanvenger
Authors: Huiwen Cheng, Shinhee Lee, Shiyong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is one of the main therapies to treat breast cancer, but accumulating evidence suggests that IR is potentially associated with increased invasion and metastasis. A great increase in breast cancer cell adhesion to fibronectin after high dose α-radiation was observed in our group, and it accompanied with ROS boost. However it is not known whether ROS increase related to the cell adhesion increase after α-radiation. In this report, we showed that the increased cell adhesion to fibronectin was reduced by ROS scavenger L-NAC by 21.8% after α-radiation, but was not affected by H2O2 scavenger, catalase or by cNOS inhibitor, L-NAME with 24 h treatment. We then determined that the cell adhesion inhibition after α-radiation involve reduced ROS, and reduced vinculin expression and integrin activation after treating with L-NAC for 24 h. However, a short-term, 1 h pre-IR followed by 2 h post-IR, treatment of L-NAC promotes ROS production and has no effect on cell adhesion at 24 h post-IR. These results suggest that L-NAC long-term treatment could potentially have an impact on breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the ROS and cell adhesion. These results suggest that to inhibit IR-induced breast cancer adhesion, an uninterrupted treatment of L-NAC may be required. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4342. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4342
Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Tl-201 and Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT Imaging (Perfusion and ECG-Gated SPECT) in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Raymond Taillefer, E.Gordon DePuey, James E Udelson, George A Beller, Yves Latour, François Reeves
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Health care for elderly in Japan.
Authors: J. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1992)

intervention can be recommended.In addition, use of a daytime average of 160/95mmHg must deny treatment to many patients who would receive it on the basis of the World Health Organisation criteria,8 and may deny some of them the benefits in terms of preventing stroke.Furthermore, as a separate issue, we are concerned that the common assumption that patients with "white coat" hypertension are not at risk may be flawed.9We believe that there is a need for prospectively collected data on the clinical outcome of patients managed on the basis of ambulatory rather than clinic pressures and suggest that this is an urgent concern.Such data might be collected by the joint action of academic centres working in this research area.Until such data have been collected, wholesale introduction of this technique in clinical practice may be premature.
Echocardiographic Patterns of Pulmonic Valve Motion with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: ARTHUR E. WEYMAN, JAMES C. DILLON, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, SONIA CHANG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Echocardiographic tracings of the pulmonic valve were examined in two groups of patients. The first group contained 24 normal patients. The second group consisted of 32 patients with pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥20 mm Hg). Parameters considered included presence or absence and depth of the "a" wave, amplitude of valve opening (b-c separation), diastolic (e-f) slope, and presence or absence of mid-systolic closure or fluttering of the pulmonic leaflet. An "a" wave was present in all 24 normal subjects. The "a" wave varied with respiration and the maximum "a" wave depth (A Max) averaged 3.7 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± sd , range 2-7 mm). A Max was ≥2 mm in all 24 normal patients. In 19 of 24 patients with pulmonary hypertension and sinus rhythm no "a" wave was present. In the other five patients small "a" waves (≤2 mm) occurred. In four of these five patients, right heart failure was present. The diastolic (e-f) slope averaged 36.9 ± 25.4 mm/sec (range 6-115 mm/sec) in normals. With pulmonary hypertension, this slope was significantly less than normal (average 5.2 ± 8.9 mm/sec, range –9 to +30 mm/sec, P &lt; .001). In six patients with pulmonary hypertension a negative e-f slope was seen; this never occurred in normals. Mid-systolic closure or notching of the systolic (c-d) segment occurred in 18 of 20 subjects with pulmonary hypertension in whom the leaflet was clearly recorded in mid-systole. This finding was not observed in normals. Likewise, mid-systolic fluttering was present in 22 of 24 patients with pulmonary hypertension. There was no difference in amplitude of leaflet opening between the two groups.
Farmer's lung and variables related to the decision to quit farming.
Authors: S Bouchard, F Morin, G Bédard, J Gauthier, J Paradis, Y Cormier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

An exploratory strategy was used to investigate why 55% of patients with farmer's lung (FL) disease quit farming. Three groups were recruited: 47 patients with FL disease who quit farming because of the disease (FLq), 76 patients with FL disease who continued farming (FLc), and 123 control farmers without a history of FL disease. The severity of FL disease at diagnosis was similar in both groups of patients. For example, single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity predicted for FLq and FLc was 64.4 +/- 28.2 and 63.9 +/- 22.0, respectively. Relying on a cognitive-behavior theory, numerous physiological, behavioral, cognitive, affective, and social variables were assessed. Results showed that the decision to quit farming was based on cognitive and behavioral motives rather than physiological factors. Subjects in the FLq group showed more negative beliefs toward FL and had more fears of FL disease. FLq subjects also reported that family members, friends, and family doctors were more inclined to consider that FL disease could stop them from farming. However, self-efficacy to continue farming despite having FL disease and perceived hindrance caused by FL disease played the most important roles in the decision to quit farming.
Long-term Effects of Varying Intensities and Formats of Physical Activity on Participation Rates, Fitness, and Lipoproteins in Men and Women Aged 50 to 65 Years
Authors: Abby C. King, William L. Haskell, Deborah R. Young, Roberta K. Oka, Marcia L. Stefanick
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Although exercise parameters such as intensity and format have been shown to influence exercise participation rates and physiological outcomes in the short term, few data are available evaluating their longer-term effects. The study objective was to determine the 2-year effects of differing intensities and formats of endurance exercise on exercise participation rates, fitness, and plasma HDL cholesterol levels among healthy older adults. Methods and Results Higher-intensity, group-based exercise training; higher-intensity, home-based exercise; and lower-intensity, home-based exercise were compared in a 2-year randomized trial. Participants were 149 men and 120 postmenopausal women 50 to 65 years of age who were sedentary and free of cardiovascular disease. Recruitment was achieved through a random digit-dial community telephone survey and media promotion. All exercise occurred in community settings. For higher-intensity exercise training, three 40-minute endurance training sessions per week were prescribed at 73% to 88% of peak treadmill heart rate. For lower-intensity exercise, five 30-minute endurance training sessions per week were prescribed at 60% to 73% of peak treadmill heart rate. Treadmill exercise performance, lipoprotein levels and other heart disease risk factors, and exercise adherence were evaluated at baseline and across the 2-year period. Treadmill exercise test performance improved for all three training conditions during year 1 and was successfully maintained during year 2, particularly for subjects in the higher-intensity, home-based condition. Subjects in that condition also showed the greatest year 2 exercise adherence rates ( P &lt;.003). Although no significant increases in HDL cholesterol were observed during year 1, by the end of year 2 subjects in the two home-based training conditions showed small but significant HDL cholesterol increases over baseline ( P &lt;.01). The increases were particularly pronounced for subjects in the lower-intensity condition, whose exercise prescription required more frequent exercise sessions per week. For all exercise conditions, increases in HDL cholesterol were associated with decreases in waist-to-hip ratio in both men and women ( P &lt;.04). Conclusions While older adults can benefit from initiating a regular regimen of moderate-intensity exercise in terms of improved fitness levels and small improvements in HDL cholesterol levels, the time frame needed to achieve HDL cholesterol change (2 years) may be longer than that reported previously for younger populations. Frequency of participation may be particularly important for achieving such changes. Supervised home-based exercise regimens represent a safe, attractive alternative for achieving sustained participation.
A Prospective, Multicenter, Population-Based Study of BRAF Mutational Analysis for Lynch Syndrome Screening
Authors: Xavier Bessa, Belen Ballesté, Montserrat Andreu, Antoni Castells, Beatriz Bellosillo, Francesc Balaguer, Sergi Castellví–bel, Artemio Paya, Rodrigo Jover, Cristina Alenda, Llúcia Titó, Mercedes Martinez–Villacampa, Angels Vilella, Rosa M. Xicola, Elisenda Pons, Xavier Llor
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Low-dosage Ancrod for Prevention of Thrombotic Complications after Surgery for Fractured Neck of Femur
Authors: W. W. Barrie, E. H. Wood, P. Crumlish, C. D. Forbes, C. R. M. Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The effect of a low-dosage regimen of ancrod in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was assessed in 24 patients having surgical repair of fractured neck femur and compared with 25 control patients who did not receive therapy. The objective of the therapy was to lower the preoperative fibrinogen level and produce a low concentration of fibrin degradation products yet avoid the haemorrhagic complications of total defibrination. Ancrod therapy proved feasible to carry out, was not associated with haemorrhagic complications, and produced sustained, predictable reductions in fibrinogen concentration. There were seven thromboembolic complications in the control patients compared to one such complication in the ancrod-treated patients. Five deaths occurred in the control group and one in the treated group. Though the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was not apparently affected by ancrod it appeared on venography that the thrombi in the treated patients were less extensive than those in the control patients. Finally, some discrepancies in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis by the three techniques of clinical examination, (125)I-fibrinogen scanning, and ascending venography were identified.
General practitioners want to know whether a treatment works and is safe in practice
Authors: U. Bollag
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
321. Sea Urchin sns Chromatin Insulator Prevents Silencing and Positional Effect Variegation of Oncoretroviral Vectors Transgene Expression in Murine Erythroid Cell Line
Authors: Danilo D'Apolito, Santina Acuto, Rosalba Di Marzo, Mariella Bagliesi, Valentina Motta, Elena Baiamonte, Roberta Calzolari, Vito Franco, Giovanni Spinelli, Aurelio Maggio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Silencing and position effect are considered significant obstacles to obtain a consistent level of transgene expression in viral gene therapy. Furthermore recent studies had shown that retroviruses tend to land on active genes with the potential consequence of insertional mutagenesis. The inclusion of elements, such as chromatin insulators, capable to insulate a gene from the surrounding chromatin effects at the integration site should improve both efficacy and safety of gene therapy vectors. We have previously characterized a 265 bp insulator element, termed sns, localized at the 3' end of the early histone H2A gene of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. This sequence contains three cis-acting elements (Box A, Box B, and Box C+T) all needed for the enhancer blocking activity in both sea urchin and human cells. By colony assays, in human (K562) and mouse (Mel) erythroid cell lines, we have recently demonstrated that the sns insulator displays directional enhancer-blocking activity in that it interferes with the communication between the human beta-globin enhancer (LCR) and the gamma-globin promoter. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) we found bindings of sns insulator with the erythroid specific GATA1 and the ubiquitous Oct1, and Sp1 transcription factors. Here we report that sns-5 sequence, a fragment that contain sns insulator, cloned in the 3' LTR of MSC virus-based vector, does not effect vector titer and stability of provirus. Sns-5 is capable to reduce the influence of the chromatin environment on the reporter (GFP) gene in mouse erythroid cell line (Mel) in that: (i) Mel transduced clones from limiting diluition have shown that the presence of sns5 increases the fraction of cells expressing the reporter gene (86% versus 26%); (ii) the expression of the reporter gene in insulated vectors is copy-number dependent; (iii) flow-cytometric analysis of GFP (+) sorted cells have shown a reduction of transgene extintion. These results may have significant implications for the conservation of insulator function in evolutionary distant organisms and may prove to be of practical benefit in gene transfer applications for erythroid disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias.
Estrogen receptor accessory proteins: effects on receptor-DNA interactions.
Authors: C C Landel, P J Kushner, G L Greene
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Despite a wealth of information about the structure and composition of steroid receptors and their functional domains, little is known about the role of accessory proteins as mediators of receptor activity. To better define the role of such proteins in estrogen receptor (ER) function, we have used immunoaffinity, steroid affinity, and site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography to identify and characterize proteins that associate with human ER (hER) in extracts from MCF-7 cells and hER-expressing CHO (CHO-ER) cells. In addition to the expected 66-kDa hER, a 70-kDa protein was obtained and subsequently identified as a member of the heat shock protein family (hsp70). A 55-kDa protein, detected by all three approaches, was identified as a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). Two proteins that were preferentially retained by an ER-specific DNA affinity column (p48 and p45) remain unidentified. Maximal interaction of purified hER with the vitellogenin A2 estrogen response element (ERE) occurred in the presence of all four associated proteins isolated by DNA-affinity chromatography. The increased stability of this complex was due primarily to an increase in the association rate of hER with ERE. Thus, accessory proteins may be required for optimal interaction of ER with EREs.