tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Carotid Artery Injured at Myringotomy-Reply
Authors: James J. Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Ehni and Dr Sugar's comments regarding our report. During our research, we found references describing aberrant passage of the carotid artery through the middle ear dating back some 15 years. This anomaly is now readily detected via tomography or angiography or both. Biopsy of such a "mass" beneath the tympanic membrane should certainly be deferred until such studies have excluded this anomaly. We cannot state categorically that simple carotid artery ligation would have failed to control hemorrhage in our patient. The issue, of course, is retrograde flow. We disagree with Dr Sugar regarding such flow in the internal carotid artery. We have observed retrograde flow below the ophthalmic artery in several patients. His suggestion that, after internal carotid artery ligation, the carotid artery below the ophthalmic artery would become a "blind" segment may be true, but not in this instance. In our patient, this portion
Idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A clinicopathologic study
Authors: Anthony Valeri, Laura Barisoni, Gerald B. Appel, Robert Seigle, Vivette D'Agati
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

A review of all native kidney biopsies at our center from 1974 to 1993 identified 43 cases of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with predominantly collapsing features and lacking evidence of HIV-1 infection or intravenous drug use. No case was identified before 1979 and the incidence of this entity has progressively increased over the past two decades. Compared to 50 age-matched controls of idiopathic FSGS with typical perihilar scars, the group of idiopathic collapsing FSGS displayed black racial predominance, a higher serum creatinine and more severe features of nephrotic syndrome at biopsy. Morphologic features of visceral epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, tubular microcysts, tubular epithelial degenerative and regenerative features and interstitial edema were more prevalent and severe in collapsing FSGS. Median time to ESRD was rapid in collapsing FSGS versus controls (13.0 months vs. 62.5 months, P < 0.05). Correlates of progression to ESRD included a higher initial serum creatinine and failure to undergo remission of proteinuria. Both glomerulosclerosis and certain features of tubular damage were independent predictors of the level of renal function at time of biopsy, but not of the rate of progression of renal insufficiency. Although three patients had partial or complete spontaneous remissions, none of 26 patients treated with steroids alone responded. Idiopathic collapsing FSGS is a variant of FSGS with increasing incidence, distinct clinicopathologic features, black racial predominance, a rapidly progressive course and relative steroid resistance.
Diagnosis of Whipple's Disease by Rectal Biopsy
Authors: William H. Fleming, John H. Yardley, Thomas R. Hendrix
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A CASE of Whipple's disease has recently been studied in which the first tissue containing the periodic-acidSchiff-(PAS)-positive mononuclear cells characteristic of this disease was obtained by biopsy of the rectal mucosa. Other aspects of this case have previously been reported.1 In Whipple's2 original case the foamy macrophages, now known to be identical to the granular PAS-positive cells, were described only in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. A number of articles later called attention to the presence of these cells in peripheral lymph nodes,3 , 4 and in a recent study of 5 autopsied cases the PAS-positive macrophages were found in . . .
<i>NEJM</i> joins US debate on abortion and emergency contraception
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The New England Journal of Medicine entered the US dispute over abortion and contraception this week with two “perspectives” articles highlighting the problems that women in the United States are having in gaining access to abortion and emergency contraception (2006; 355: 1-9).

The articles are posted on journal's website with recorded interviews with doctors who oppose and who favour providing abortions and a slide show of an embattled Nebraska abortion clinic. A spokesperson for the journal said, “Perspectives articles provide assessment and commentary on …
Hepatitis C virus receptors claudin-1 and occludin after liver transplantation and influence on early viral kinetics
Authors: Laura Mensa, Gonzalo Crespo, Matthew J. Gastinger, Juraj Kabat, Sofía Pérez-del-Pulgar, Rosa Miquel, Suzanne U. Emerson, Robert H. Purcell, Xavier Forns
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Liver transplantation (LT) is a unique model to study hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatocytes. Recent in vitro studies suggest significant changes in the expression of the HCV receptors claudin-1 and occludin after HCV infection. Our aims were: (1) to characterize claudin-1 and occludin expression in grafts from LT recipients and (2) to explore their potential influence on early HCV kinetics and their changes after HCV infection. We included 42 HCV-infected LT recipients and 19 uninfected controls. Claudin-1 and occludin were detected in paraffin-embedded liver biopsies obtained during reperfusion and 3 and 12 months after LT. HCV receptors were characterized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy; quantification and colocalization studies were performed with dedicated software. Claudin-1 and occludin expression were restricted to the apical pole of hepatocytes. There was a significant correlation between the amount of scavenger receptor B1 at the time of reperfusion and the HCV-RNA decay during the first 24 hours following LT ( r = 0.55, P = 0.007). Similarly, there was a significant correlation between the levels of claudin and occludin and the slope of HCV-RNA increase during the first week after LT ( r = 0.63, P = 0.005). Occludin and claudin-1 levels increased significantly 12 months after LT ( P = 0.03 and P = 0.007, respectively). The expression pattern of both proteins, however, remained unchanged, colocalizing strongly (60%-94%) at the apical membrane of hepatocytes. Conclusions. HCV receptor levels at the time of LT seem to modulate early HCV kinetics. Hepatitis C recurrence after LT was associated with increased levels of claudin-1 and occludin in the hepatocyte cell membrane, although it did not alter their localization within the tight junctions. (Hepatology 2011;.)
REPORT CXVII. FURTHER RESEARCHES INTO THE BACTERIOLOGY AND VACCINE THERAPY OF COMMON COLDS
Authors: C. H. Benham
Journal: BMJ (1909)

Within the next few days crepitations gradually developed all over both lungs, and there was constant short, dry cough, bat no expectoration.Intestinal matting occurred throughout the abdomen, especially in the flanks.A distinct squint developed in the left eye, but no choroidal tubercles were discovered.The ophthalmoscopic examination was not very complete owing to the patient's deplorable condition at this time.He became delirious, with constant twitchings of the, face and eyes, and emitted loud meningeal cries.About this time the patient was seen by several eminent medical men, including specialists, from London and Paris, and I think I may fairly say the consensus of opinion was that the boy could not live more than three or four weeks; at any rate, I expressed that opinion emphatically to the relatives.He had been given sodium cacodylate and 1 mg.T.R. injections without apparent effect.On January 17th, 1909, after the patient had been acutely ill for a month, Dr. Marmorek arrived from Paris, and in spite of the fact that the lad was almost moribund, with every evidence of generalized miliary tuberculosis, he took a positively cheerful view of the case, and advised injection each day of 5 c.cm. of his new serum, which is made from what he calls the primitive tubercle bacillus obtained from the growing margin of a culture.With this he immunizes a horse for about eight months, and thence obtains his serum.Injections were made subcutaneously in the thighs in the usual way through a bead of lysBl for twelve consecutive days, at the end-of which some abatement of the acute symptoms was observed.Dr. Marmorek then visited the patient again and advised 10 c.cm. of serum per rectum, but this produced no good result, and this, indeed, has been my experience of giving any serum by the rectum.Hypodermic injections were therefore resumed, and twenty- eigbt doses of 5 c.cm. were given during the ensuing seven weeks, during which time the patient slowly but surely improved.He gained weight and strength, intestinal matting subsided, diarrhoea ceased, squint disappeared, and the urine showed no blood except under the microscope.Crepitations and rhonchi gradually subsided, and though a pleuritic effusion of slightly turbid fluid appeared on the left side, this absorbed rapidly after tapping.By April the patient was able to return to Paris, looking the picture of health and having regained his normal weight.. Dr. Marmorek has sent most favourable reports since.The only apparent abnormality now is the presence of a little albuminuria, and this is diminishing.The last report, received during October, was that the patient was very well and putting.on weight.
Rapid oscillations in omental lipolysis are independent of changing insulin levels in vivo
Authors: Lisa Getty, Antonios E. Panteleon, Steven D. Mittelman, Melvin K. Dea, Richard N. Bergman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Abnormal fat metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined whether free fatty acid levels (FFAs), like insulin levels, oscillate rapidly in plasma. Peripheral and portal blood samples from dogs were assayed for FFA, glycerol, glucose, and insulin. FFA and glycerol showed correlated oscillatory profiles, with about 8 pulses/hour. Omental lipolysis was also pulsatile, with about 10 pulses/hour, and insulin levels oscillated rapidly in plasma with about 7 pulses/hour. We applied an insulin clamp, β-adrenergic blockade, or both together, to determine the driving force behind the FFA oscillation, and we analyzed our findings by approximate entropy (ApEn) for which lower values suggest regular pulses and higher values suggest disorder. Under basal conditions, ApEn was 0.3 ± 0.2. With insulin not oscillating, FFA still cycled at about 9 pulses/hour and the ApEn was 0.2 ± 0.1. In contrast, β-blockade, either in the presence or absence of an insulin clamp, removed the FFA oscillation in three of nine dogs. In the other six dogs, the oscillatory profile was unchanged, but ApEn was significantly higher than basal values, suggesting that the regularity of the profile was disrupted. These results suggest that the FFA oscillation is driven by the central nervous system, not by insulin.
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Safety and Pharmacodynamic Study of KB002, a Chimeric Anti-GM-CSF Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Nestor A. Molfino, Philip G. Bardin, Philip J. Thompson, Alison Luckey, Geoffrey Yarranton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The aetiology of psoriasis: clues provided by benoxaprofen
Authors: B.R. ALLEN, S.M. LITTLEWOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Twenty‐four patients with psoriasis completed a double‐blind trial of benoxaprofen for their cutaneous lesions. Six out of thirteen on the active drug showed very marked improvement. It is believed that benoxaprofen acts by interfering with the migration of polymorphs into the skin through inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis.
Knowing the Patient's Blood Group
Authors: D. R. Pugh
Journal: BMJ (1970)

liary basis?If equipment is left in a house under such circumstances where does the equipment come from for the next patient or the next three or four patients all within 24 hours?We are told that general practitioners "treat many of such patients at home with satisfactory and safe results."Those of us with experience of coronary care units know that the arrest case cannot be anticipated.We know that a few lives are saved.I doubt if these lives would be saved under the treatment at home methods encouraged by Dr. Fry.They require more than just a trained nurse or technician sitting at the bed side.
Achieving Nicholson challenge requires fundamental rethink on NHS, conference hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The small changes introduced to the NHS by the Health and Social Care Act don’t come close to justifying the two years that were spent arguing over it, the Conservative MP Stephen Dorrell told a conference in London on 13 June. Dorrell, a former health secretary and now chairman of the health select committee, said that when the history books were written the act would not feature large. “It will be seen as having made little difference,” he said.

Of far greater importance was the challenge of delivering healthcare on a flat budget, not just for this parliament but for the next as well. The so called “Nicholson challenge” of making efficiency savings of £15bn (€18bn; $23bn) to £20bn between 2011 and 2014—which Dorrell prefers to formulate as 4% annual efficiency gains for four successive years—was the real issue, he told participants at a conference organised by the market oriented think tank Reform and sponsored by the information technology firm McKesson.

Historically, NHS demand had risen …
Defective Estrogen Receptors in Human Mammary Cancers: Their Significance in Defining Hormone Dependence1
Authors: S. Raam, N. Robert, C. A. Pappas, H. Tamura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Neither estrogen dependence nor clinical response to hormone therapy of the tumor is guaranteed by the mere presence of receptors for estrogens (ERs) or progesterones (PRs). Immunohistochemical staining of ER with polyclonal anti-ER antibodies after in vitro transformation has enabled the identification of two types of defective ER among human breast cancers: those that are unable to bind to the nucleus in a hormone-filled state and those that bind to the nucleus as naked ER. Preliminary clinical correlation studies demonstrate that a subclassification of ER(+) tumors based on functional abnormalities of ER may predict refractoriness to hormone therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:756–761]
Biomedicalin the Industrial Setting
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE INVESTMENT by the US pharmaceutical insustry in biomedical research currently exceeds $4.5lion each year.<sup>1,2</sup>e 1983 the private industrialhas surpassed the Nationaltutes of Health (NIH) in the magnitude of its budget for health research and development.<sup>1</sup>physicians have some familiarity with academic-basedatively few physicians either have contact with or knowledge of the activities undertaken by the pharmaceutical industry in the discovery and development of new drugs. Having spent four years in industry after 15 years in academia, Ihave been struck by the contrasts as well as the similarities to research in the academicor. It is also clear that research in the industrial setting is undergoing change and that it may face new challenges. This article describes the content, management, and changes occurring in ibiomedical research, with particular emphasis on comparisons ware-c-based search. <h3>Drug Discovery and Development</h3> The various disciplines that constitute pharmaceutical research may be grouped under
Bone marker response in chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis treated with intravenous ibandronate
Authors: D J Armstrong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (CDSO) is a condition of unknown aetiology which causes sclerosis, predominantly in the long bones and mandible of young women. We report the cases of three women treated with the intravenous bisphosphonate ibandronate, a new treatment for the disease, and discuss the relevance of the bone marker changes seen in these patients.

Case one is a 27 year old woman diagnosed with CDSO at age 21, when she presented with severe and intractable pain in the left thigh. An x ray examination and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed diffuse cortical thickening with reduced medullary cavity, and bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.

Treatment with oral risedronate caused rapid but temporary improvement. She then received three infusions of 2 mg ibandronate over 3 months, with immediate symptomatic relief.

Case 2 is a 38 year old woman with a 10 year history of …
Experience of clinical risk management in obstetrics in Oxford
Authors: J. Mant, M. Dineen, J. Couves, R. Imhof
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—We agree with Charles Vincent that clinical risk management should be integrated with other quality assurance programmes and that its aim should be more ambitious than simply avoiding litigation.1 Indeed, evidence that clinical risk management can reduce litigation is limited,2 so continued justification for the approach may depend on its ability to improve patient safety.

We introduced a clinical risk management programme in obstetrics in Oxford in September 1994. The cornerstone of the programme was an early warning system …
Caffeine Prevents Protection in Two Human Models of Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Niels P. Riksen, Zhigang Zhou, Wim J.G. Oyen, Rogier Jaspers, Bart P. Ramakers, Rene M.H.J. Brouwer, Otto C. Boerman, Neil Steinmetz, Paul Smits, Gerard A. Rongen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Correlating 18FDG PET-CT with SPET-CT Lymphoscintigraphy Optimizes the Surgical Management of the Axilla in Patients with T2 or T3 Breast Cancer.
Authors: C. Soler, C. Bouteille, A. Steiner, B. Geissler, E. Grémillet
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: the aim of this study was to assess the impact of 18 FDG PET-CT (FDG-PET) and sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization by lymphoSPET-CT for the surgical management of the axilla in patients with T2 or T3 breast cancer.Patients and methods: 69 patients with T2 or T3 breast cancer (20 to 40 mm) were enrolled. Both FDG-PET and lymphoSPET-CT were performed for all 69 patients. FDG-PET was performed first to analyze breast and axillary area. Two to 4 days after, SLN SPET-CT was performed (4 to 12 hours before SLN biopsy and breast surgery).When a focal accumulation of FDG was noted and related to one or more possible axillary metastases, it was compared with SLN as identified by SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy. Concordance and discordance of node localization were noted.Results: a focal axillary FDG uptake was found in 30 patients (43,4%). For these 30 patients, preoperative lymphoSPET-CT revealed SLN in 26. All the 26 SLNs were in the same CT location as the focal FDG uptake. SLN biopsy procedure was done in these 26 patients and revealed node metastases in 16 cases (61, 5%). Then, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed when SLN was metastatic.For the 4 patients with focal axillary FDG uptake but no SLN detected by lymphoSPET-CT, ALND was performed and revealed axillary metastases in all cases (4/4).For the 39 patients (56.6%) for whom no focal FDG uptake around axillary region was found, lymphoSPET-CT always identified SLN which was when biopsied and followed by ALND only when metastatic. 3/39 (7,5%) SLN were metastatic, 36/39 (92, 5%) SLN were healthy.So correlating 18FDG PET-CT with lymphoSPET-CT seems to be very important in cases of T2 and T3 breast cancer:1- When a focal FDG uptake is found and no SLN is found by lymphoSPET-CT, ALND is indicated.2- When a focal FDG uptake is found and is anatomically correlated with SLN as identified by lymphoSPET-CT, SLN biopsy procedure seems to be allowed and safe because node biopsy is related certainly with PET suspect node3- In case of no focal FDG uptake in axillary area, SLN biopsy procedure is probably as safe as for T1 patients.Conclusion: if these preliminary results were to be confirmed, correlating 18FDG PET-CT with SPET-CT lymphoscintigraphy will allow avoiding systematic ALND in patients with T2 or T3 breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1024.
Evaluation of the Increase in Breast Cancer Incidence in Relation to Mammography Use
Authors: E. White, C. Y. Lee, A. R. Kristal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The breast cancer incidence rate (i.e., the detected number of new cases per 100,000 women) increased by 31% in western Washington State between the time periods 1974–1978 and 1986–1987. If this increase is largely due to earlier detection of cases through mammography, it is encouraging; otherwise (if it cannot be attributed to mammography alone), investigation of other factors may be needed. The observed increase, based on 18,559 documented breast cancer cases from the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, was compared with the predicted increase based on mammography utilization by year from a survey of 1,212 women in western Washington and on data from published studies regarding the impact of mammography on the detection rate for new breast cancer cases. Among women aged 45–64, all of the increase was associated with local stage disease and with tumors detected at a smaller size. Further, the 15% observed increase in incidence in this age group was less than the 20% increase predicted due to the utilization of mammography. However, the observed increase was approximately twice the predicted increase for women aged 65–74 (observed 57%, predicted 26%) and for women aged 25–44 (observed 29%, predicted 12%). Thus, all of the increase in detected breast cancer among 45–64 year old women appears to be explained by the increased use of mammography, while among older women and younger women there may be other contributing factors. The limitations and implications of this analysis are discussed. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1546–1552,1990]