tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect on epidermal DNA synthesis of a combination of topical steroid with either dithranol or tar as used for psoriasis
Authors: MICHELE CLEMENT, MAUREEN HEHIR, HARRIETT PHILLIPS, A. du VIVIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The hairless mouse was used to investigate the effects of a combination of glucocorticosteroid with either dithranol or tar on epidermal DNA synthesis, in order to determine whether such combinations reduce epidermal DNA synthesis more effectively than the single agents. Dithranol alone produced a significant local inhibition of DNA synthesis at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05% but not at lower concentrations. Dose-response data for dilutions of clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17-valerate showed progressive diminution of both local and systemic effects with decreasing concentrations. An additive effect was found from combining clobetasol propionate with dithranol and from combining betamethasone 17-valerate with liquor picis carbonis. These combined preparations were tested again after storage for 6 months and 2 months respectively and showed no loss of efficacy. These results lend justification to the use of these combined preparations in the treatment of psoriasis.
Spontaneous Intramural Oesophageal Perforation
Authors: A. Gutiérrez del Olmo, J.M. Loscos, W. Baki, R. Nazal, E. Nisa, J.A. Ramirez-Armengol
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation appears at any level, but preferably on the posterior wall, and is usually longitudinal. Unlike the Mallory Weiss and the Boerhaave syndromes, females are more frequently affected. It appears with sudden retrosternal pain radiating to the epigastrium, neck and back, followed by haematemesis of small quantity and dysphagia. Vomiting is rare. In contrast to complete rupture, neither pneumomediastinum nor emphysema is observed, barium swallow being the diagnostic test of choice whenever this pathology is suspected. However, when the symptoms are not typical, endoscopy is a useful method for diagnosis. Treatment must be conservative, while surgery is suggested in the case of recurrent symptoms or big intramural haematomas with a high risk of perforation. A 74-year-old woman is presented. Endoscopy was performed as an emergency in suspected food impaction in the oesophagus. This case was diagnosed as spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation. The patient also presented with oesophageal diverticulum and hiatal hernia. Conservative treatment was given, and the lesion cured.
Effect of coffee on distal colon function.
Authors: S R Brown, P A Cann, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1990)

Ninety nine healthy young volunteers (58 men, 34 women, aged 17-27 years) answered a questionnaire concerning their bowel habit with particular reference to the effects of beverages. Twenty nine per cent (63% women) claimed that coffee induced a desire to defecate. The rectosigmoid motor responses to black, unsweetened coffee were then investigated by multiport manometry in 14 healthy-subjects (12 men, two women, eight of whom claimed coffee caused a desire to defecate (responders). Results revealed an increase in motility index within four minutes after ingestion of both regular and decaffeinated coffee (p less than 0.05) in the eight responders, but not in the six non-responders. The increase in rectosigmoid motility induced by coffee lasted at least 30 minutes. There was no increase in the motility index in any subject after a drink of hot water. These results suggest that drinking coffee can stimulate a motor response of the distal colon in some normal people.
Childhood allergic rhinitis, traffic-related air pollution, and variability in the GSTP1, TNF, TLR2, and TLR4 genes: Results from the TAG Study
Authors: Elaine Fuertes, Michael Brauer, Elaina MacIntyre, Mario Bauer, Tom Bellander, Andrea von Berg, Dietrich Berdel, Bert Brunekreef, Moira Chan-Yeung, Ulrike Gehring, Olf Herbarth, Barbara Hoffmann, Marjan Kerkhof, Claudia Klümper, Sibylle Koletzko, Anita Kozyrskyj, Inger Kull, Joachim Heinrich, Erik Melén, Göran Pershagen, Dirkje Postma, Carla M.T. Tiesler, Chris Carlsten
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The supraregional assay service
Authors: B T Martin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Proportion of general practitioners indicating their wish for information in discharge letters conceming various aspects of their patients' attendance at accident and emergency departments No (%) of practitioners requiring information on aspect Aspect of attendance (n= 213) Mode of referral 194 (91) General practitioner diagnosis (prior to referral) 134 (63) Clinical findings in accident and emergency*: All positive findings 115 (54) All negative findings 57 (27) Only relevant findings 109 (51) Results of investigations in accident and emergency: Haematology 187 (88) Biochemistry 183 (86) x Ray 191 (90) Diagnosis in accident and emergency 208 (98) Treatment in accident and emergency 202 (95) Outcome (admit or discharge) 203 (95) Treatment suggested for general practitioner 192 (90) Follow up arrangements 200 (94) Information given to patient 175 (82) Information to general practitioner**: On all patients 160 (75) Only those sent home 53 (25)*Actual question: Would you like to know all positive findings?all negative findings?only "relevant" findings?other (please specify)?Some respondents replied to more than one category.
Fatal dysnatraemia caused by elective colonoscopy: Lesson was unnecessarily alarmist
Authors: B. P Saunders
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The lesson given for Ayus et al's report of fatal dysnatraemia caused by elective colonoscopy was that plasma sodium concentration should always be checked after colonoscopy.1 We speculate that this strongly worded advice may have been added by your editorial team, in our opinion entirely without warrant and also against the carefully worded discussion and conclusions of the authors.

The …
Height-Weight Tables
Authors: GAIL G. HARRISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The concept of "desirable" weight derives from analyses of data in which relative body weight is correlated with mortality experience. "Ideal" or lowest-risk weights vary for different populations, and vary for the same population at different times and in relation to different causes of mortality. An ideal weight cannot be identified at a point in time for a person or persons differing from the groups on which desirable-weight tables were based. This fact, plus the limitations of existing tables and databases, has prompted some observers to suggest abandoning the concept of ideal weight. The recent publication of updated data for the U.S. population and updated height-weight tables based on actuarial data have focused attention on this issue. In addition, several studies have attempted to relate body weight to mortality in defined populations. At the same time, some studies have found significant relationships between overweight and mortality whereas others have not.
Histologic changes of the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B after interferon-α therapy
Authors: T. Mach, U. Janas-Skulina, M. Librant-Suska, W. Szczepanski, W. Warunek, A. Ciesla, M. Zejc-Bajsarowicz, I. Sobczyk-Krupiarz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Euthanasia and free speech in Ireland
Authors: L. Doyal
Journal: BMJ (2009)

I have long argued that both non-voluntary and voluntary euthanasia should be legalised under conditions that are strictly regulated.1 2 3 Indeed it can be said that doctors already practise a form of euthanasia when they withdraw or decide not to initiate life sustaining treatment for severely brain damaged patients. In so doing they are taking positive steps to end lives that they (and others) deem to be of no further benefit to the patients concerned. The moral good inherent in such actions needs to be recognised and embraced. However, because non-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in the United Kingdom, the death that is then clinically managed may be slow and distressing. It is this reality that lies at the heart of the case for the legalisation of active non-voluntary euthanasia.

Competent and terminally ill patients can already make decisions about the burden of continued life when they refuse life sustaining treatment. But again they may still face a needlessly slow death without dignity. Hence I and many others argue that the law should be changed so that these patients are legally permitted to request and obtain a quick ending of life, from caring doctors who are willing to provide this help. The consequences …
Renal and Hepatic Injury Associated with Methoxyflurane Anesthesia
Authors: STEPHEN G. ELKINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Methoxyflurane (Penthrane®) is a halogenated ether with a structure resembling that of halothane. Anesthesia with methoxyflurane is occasionally followed by hepatic injury similar to that after exposure to halothane. In addition, methoxyflurane anesthesia may be complicated by a distinctive syndrome of renal tubular injury characterized by inability to concentrate urine, dehydration, and azotemia, which may persist in part for several months. The first reported instance of both conditions occurring in the same patient is described, and the causes and implications of the hepatic and renal lesions are discussed. Methoxyflurane-induced hepatic injury is probably a hypersensitivity reaction, and methoxyflurane should accordingly not be used for patients who have reacted adversely to either methoxyflurane or halothane on previous occasions. Neither or these compounds should be readministered to patients who have been exposed to them before, even if such use has been without incident, when other anesthetic agents can be substituted. The renal lesion may result in part from a direct toxic action of methoxyflurane on the renal tubule. Little is known, however, of its causes and incidence, and further study of this complication is indicated.
Poison on Line — Acute Renal Failure Caused by Oil of Wormwood Purchased through the Internet
Authors: Steven D. Weisbord, Jeremy B. Soule, Paul L. Kimmel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Myoglobin released during muscle injury can precipitate acute renal failure.1,2 There are many causes of rhabdomyolysis, including excessive exercise, “crush” injuries, seizures, infections, severe potassium and phosphate depletion, staphylococcal toxins, venoms, and licit and illicit drugs, including ethanol.2–4 Intoxication with the liqueur absinthe (derived from oil of wormwood) has not been associated with rhabdomyolysis or acute renal failure. We report the case of a patient who was hospitalized after drinking essential oil of wormwood purchased through the Internet. Case Report A 31-year-old man was found at home by his father in an agitated, incoherent, and disoriented state. Paramedics . . .
Assessment of proliferation of squamous, Barrett's, and gastric mucosa in patients with columnar lined Barrett's oesophagus.
Authors: M Gray
Journal: Gut (1993)

ment in only eight patients (2%).Three have already died within 6 months, of unrelated causes, and five remain well, so far.We strive not to leave stents in on a permanent basis, believing that most patients can be managed effectively by expert endo- scopy, radiology, and surgery, including adjuvant techniques such as shock wave lithotripsy.Stenting is useful for a few weeks or months during which the patient's health and options can be reviewed.The King's group are rightly cautious in their recommendations.Stentinghas not yet been shown to be a good permanent method for managing difficult stones, and should be used very sparingly.
Association of Brain Damage with Therapeutic Abortion Induced by Amniotic-fluid Replacement: Report of Two Cases
Authors: J. M. Cameron, A. D. Dayan
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Recently amniotic-fluid replacement by the intrauterine injec- tion of strongly hypertonic solutions has been used increasingly often to produce therapeutic abortions or to induce labour when the foetus is already known to be dead (Csapo, 1961; Wood, Booth, and Pinkerton, 1962).Few complications of the method have been reported, though it has been tried and dis- carded by other workers because of the risk of intrauterine sepsis (Peel, 1935).Two cases are reported in which wide- spread cerebral infarction occurred after the procedure and in which it was possible that the strongly hypertonic solutions employed were responsible for the brain damage. Case 1A previously healthy 20-year-old secretary was advised, on psychiatric grounds, to have a therapeutic abortion in the 20th week of her first pregnancy.The operation was performed under local anaesthesia by inserting a fine trocar and cannula through the anterior abdominal and uterine walls into the amniotic cavity, removing about 200 ml. of amniotic fluid, which was lightly blood- stained, and injecting manually approximately 400 ml. of sterile 20 ', sodium chloride solution.She appeared well immediately afterwards, but complained of a burning sensation in her finger-tips.After about four hours her condition deteriorated, and she began to have epileptiform fits.About 12 hours after the operation her blood-pressure was said to be normal.Sedatives were given parenterally as symptomatic treatment, but she suddenly stopped breathing and died some 22 hours after the intrauterine injections.A dead foetus had been delivered 12 hours after the intra-amniotic injection.Twelve hours after the amniocentesis serum electrolytes were: chlorides 143 mEq/l., sodium 174 mEq/l., potassium 3.7 mEq/l., urea 26 mg./100 ml.Necropsy showed evidence of the recent pregnancy.In the anterior wall of the fundus of the uterus there were two puncture wounds which appeared to have penetrated through the placental bed.The brain on removal appeared to be slightly oedematous, and no subdural or subarachnoid haemorrhages were seen.The lungs showed patchy collapse.The cardiovascular system seemed to be normal and there was no evidence of air embolism.There was no peritonitis, nor any excess of fluid or blood in the peritoneal cavity.The kidneys appeared normal.The foetus and placenta were not available for examination. Microscopical Examination of VisceraSections of heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and spleen showed no histological abnormality.Pregnancy changes were seen in the pituitary, the breasts were active, and trophoblastic tissue was seen at the placental site in the uterus. Brain and Spinal CordAfter fixation the brain was cut in coronal slices.These showed
Proliferative responses to recall antigens are associated with pregnancy outcome in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Authors: B L Bermas, J A Hill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Maternal tolerance of the fetal hemiallograft suggests that immunomodulation occurs during gestation. Therefore, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) may represent a failure of the immune changes that maintain pregnancy. We hypothesized that fertile women but not women with RSA may lose their immune responses to recall antigens when pregnant. This phenomenon has been seen in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and is associated with graft survival. Therefore, we evaluated proliferative responses to recall antigens in four groups of women: group 1, nonpregnant fertile women with no history of pregnancy loss and at least one prior healthy pregnancy, n = 13; group 2, nonpregnant women with a history of three or more spontaneous abortions, n = 28; group 3, healthy pregnant women between 6 and 9 wk of gestation without a history of prior pregnancy loss, n = 15; and group 4, pregnant women between 6 and 9 wk of gestation, with a history of RSA, n = 22. Proliferative responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to the recall antigens influenza and tetanus, alloantigens, and phytohemagglutinin were determined prospectively. Positive responses (stimulation index > 3) to recall antigens (a response to either influenza or tetanus was considered positive) were as follows: group 1 (nonpregnant fertile women), 11/13 (85%); group 2 (nonpregnant RSA women), 24/28 (86%); group 3 (pregnant fertile women), 4/15 (27%) (P </= 0.007); and group 4 (pregnant RSA women), 13/22 (59%) (P = 0.032) [corrected]. In group 4, there was 100% fetal survival in the nine women who lost responsiveness to recall antigens; however, in the 13/22 patients who responded to recall antigens, 9/13 (69%) had a repeat spontaneous abortion. These findings suggest that immunosuppression, indirectly measured by proliferation to recall antigens, is necessary for early pregnancy maintenance. Furthermore, this approach may be useful for predicting pregnancy outcome for women with RSA and may provide a useful means for designing and monitoring therapies.
Medical Findings in Marshallese People Exposed to Fallout Radiation
Authors: Robert A. Conard
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Benign thyroid nodules were removed from three teenage Rongelap girls ten years after exposure from fallout. (The thyroid dose received was estimated at about 1,000 rads, largely from radioiodines absorbed.) No thyroid nodules were detected in 75 unexposed children. Other possible residual radiation effects noted in the 86 exposed Rongelapese were as follows: slight retardation of statural growth and bone maturation in boys exposed at less than 5 years of age; greater incidence of miscarriages in exposed women during the first four years; incomplete recovery of some of the peripheral blood elements; and increased nevus-like lesions in areas of previous beta radiation burns of the skin. General health and mortality has been about the same as in the comparison population. No definite radiation effects on birth rate, aging, leukemia, malignancy, or genotype have been noted.
643 ASSOCIATION OF HOMOARGININE AND METHYLARGININES WITH LIVER DYSFUNCTION AND MORTALITY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: C. Putz-Bankuti, S. Pilz, A. Meinitzer, W. Maerz, K. Kienreich, T. Stojakovic, M. Trauner, T.R. Pieber, R.E. Stauber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION ASSESSED BY CORONARY FLOW VELOCITY PATTERN AS A PREDICTOR OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AND THROMBUS FORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Yoshimori An, Atsushi Yamamuro, Shuichiro Kaji, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Atsushi Kobori, Takeshi Kitai, Kitae Kim, Tomoko Tani, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma in Brazil and its relation to HTLV-1
Authors: M.S. Pombo de Oliveira, L.C. Famadas, M.J. Andrada-Serpa, M. Nucci, E. Matutes, T.F. Schulz, M.L. Calabro, R.A. Weiss, D. Catovsky, R.S. Tedder
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Regulation of platelet myosin light chain (MYL9) by RUNX1: implications for thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction in RUNX1 haplodeficiency
Authors: Gauthami Jalagadugula, Guangfen Mao, Gurpreet Kaur, Lawrence E. Goldfinger, Danny N. Dhanasekaran, A. Koneti Rao
Journal: Blood (2010)
Association of Asthma with β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: ZHAOXI WANG, CHANGZHONG CHEN, TIANHUA NIU, DI WU, JIANHUA YANG, BINYAN WANG, ZHIAN FANG, CHANDRI N. YANDAVA, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, SCOTT T. WEISS, XIPING XU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Recent studies have suggested that two polymorphisms of the β2-adrenergic receptor ( β2AR) gene at codons 16 (arginine to glycine) and 27 (glutamine to glutamate) affect an individual's airway responsiveness, or response to acute or chronic β2-agonist therapy but are not risk factors for asthma. We hypothesize that there is an interaction effect on asthma between the β2AR gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking. A case-control study was conducted in 128 asthma cases and 136 control individuals identified from 10,014 studied subjects in rural Anqing, China. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype β2AR gene polymorphisms. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. We found a marginally significant interaction between cigarette smoking and β2AR-16 genotype after adjusting for important confounding factors (p = 0.06). Specifically, we found that compared with never-smoking Gly-16 homozygotes, those ever-smokers who are Arg-16 homozygotes had a significantly increased risk of asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 7.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07 to 29.5). This association showed a clear dose–response relationship with the number of cigarettes smoked. However, there was no significant association of asthma with polymorphisms of the β2AR at position 27 (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.69 to 2.73). Our study suggests a gene–environment interaction between the Arg-16 genotype and ever cigarette smoking with respect to the susceptibility of an individual to asthma.
VEGF Family Members Regulate Myocardial Tubulogenesis and Coronary Artery Formation in the Embryo
Authors: Robert J. Tomanek, Yasuo Ishii, Jennifer S. Holifield, Christina L. Sjogren, Heidi K. Hansen, Takashi Mikawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

This study tested the hypothesis that coronary tubulogenesis and coronary artery formation require VEGF family members. Quail embryos were injected with soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors R1 (Flt-1), R2 (Flk-1), R3 (Flt-4), VEGF-Trap (a chimera of R1 and R2), or neutralizing antibodies to VEGF-A, VEGF-B, or fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Our data document that tubulogenesis is temporally dependent on multiple VEGF family members, because the early stage of tubulogenesis was markedly inhibited by VEGF-Trap and to a lesser extent by soluble VEGFR-1. Some inhibition of tubulogenesis was documented when anti-FGF-2, but not anti-VEGF-A, antibodies were injected at embryonic day 6 (E6). Most importantly, we found that VEGF-Trap injected at either E6 or E7 prevented the formation of coronary arteries. Soluble VEGFR-1 and soluble VEGFR-2 modified the formation of coronary arteries, whereas soluble VEGFR-3 was without effect. Antibodies to VEGF-B, but not VEGF-A, had a strong inhibitory effect on coronary artery development. The absence of coronary artery stems, and thus a functional coronary circulation, in the embryos injected with VEGF-Trap caused an accumulation of erythrocytes in the subepicardium and muscular interventricular septum. Using retroviral cell tagging, we showed that some of the erythrocytes in blood islands and small vascular tubes were progeny of the proepicardium. Thus, another salient finding of this study is the first definitive documentation of proepicardially derived hemangioblasts, which can differentiate into erythrocytes.
Inserting Government between Patient and Physician
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the patient–physician interaction, the physician applies his or her skills and then makes recommendations that he or she believes are in the patient's best interest. Sometimes the picture is crystal clear, and the medical pathway largely unambiguous. Often, however, the path to be followed depends largely on the patient's choice among reasonable medical options; at times, none of the choices are easy or pleasant ones. Today, the federal government is inserting itself into this highly personal setting, where outcomes are often filled with heartbreak no matter what course is chosen.It is appropriate for the government to regulate the . . .
The future of molecular chaperones and beyond
Authors: Rona G. Giffard, Alberto J.L. Macario, Everly Conway de Macario
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Protection of hair cells by HSP70 released by supporting cells is reported by May et al. in this issue of the JCI. Their findings suggest a new way to reduce ototoxicity from therapeutic medications and raise larger questions about the role and integration of heat shock proteins in non–cell-autonomous responses to stress. Increasing evidence suggests an important role for extracellular heat shock proteins in both the nervous system and the immune system. The work also suggests that defective chaperones could cause ear disease and supports the potential use of chaperone therapeutics.