tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GAS doesn't “turn the engine” when states are sequential or context-dependent
Authors: Liane Gabora
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Selection theory requires multiple, simultaneously-actualized states. In cognition, each thought changes the “selection pressure” against which the next is evaluated; they are not simultaneously selected amongst. Cognitive change occurs not through selection among discrete “neural configurations,” but through interaction between conceptual web and context. This introduces a non-Kolmogorovian probability distribution, hence a classical formalism (e.g., selection theory) cannot be used.
Novak's Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology: With Clinical and Endocrine Relations
Authors: Richard J. Babcock
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The fourth edition of this now classic text was reviewed in these pages in 1958. Only 46 pages longer, this edition has 182 more illustrations, a 22% increase in page size, and the more readable double-column format. The slightly increased cost still makes the book reasonable, considering its high technical quality and many illustrations. Novak and Woodruff remain primarily responsible for content, with two exceptions. Once again R. C. L. Nesbitt has written the chapters on placentation and abortion and J. K. Frost the section on cytopathology. The latter, which is clear, concise, pertinent, and thorough, is one of the highlights of the book. The order and subject heading have been changed little, but content has in many cases been extensively revised and brought up to date. Many current references have been added to the bibliographies and less valuable ones dropped. I do not agree with the authors that black
Situation alignment and routinization in language acquisition
Authors: Peter F. Dominey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Pickering & Garrod (P&G) describe a mechanism by which the situation models of dialog participants become progressively aligned via priming at different levels. This commentary attempts to characterize how alignment and routinization can be extended into the language acquisition domain by establishing links between alignment and joint attention, and between routinization and grammatical construction learning.
Stress and Immunity
Authors: Donna Lou Udelman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

10 subjects in danger of imminent loss and 10 controls were studied at the onset and end of a 3-month period to determine if there were significant associations between affects such as hope and hopelessness and reactions of the immune system. Findings included correlations between hope, antidepressant therapy and T cell counts.
Normal myelopoiesis but abnormal T lymphocyte responses in vitamin D receptor knockout mice
Authors: James O’Kelly, Junichi Hisatake, Yasako Hisatake, June Bishop, Anthony Norman, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a transcription factor that mediates the actions of its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], which can promote monocyte/macrophage differentiation and inhibit proliferation and cytokine production by activated T lymphocytes. In this study, VDR knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the possible role of VDR in hematopoiesis. The relative number of red and white peripheral blood cells and the percentage of bone marrow macrophages did not differ between VDR KO and wild-type mice. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, but not 1,25(OH)2D3, induced differentiation of bone marrow-committed myeloid stem cells from VDR KO mice to monocytes/macrophages. Production of IL-18, a Th1-promoting cytokine, was reduced in macrophages from these mice. Antigen-stimulated spleen cells from VDR KO mice showed an impaired Th1 cell response and had decreased expression of STAT4, a Th1 cell transcription factor. These results demonstrate the absolute requirement of VDR for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced monocyte/macrophage differentiation but show that monocyte/macrophage differentiation can occur in the absence of this receptor. The observed reduction in Th1 population in these mutant mice may be explained by a loss of macrophage IL-18 production or a suppression of STAT4 expression by activated splenocytes.
Assessing the Impact of Diabetes Screening on Quality of Life or Quality of Health?
Authors: Jane Speight
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Edelman et al. (1) do not, as their title indicates, measure the “impact of screening on quality of life,” but rather they measure the effect of screening on health status. Their premise is that it is unclear whether being diagnosed with diabetes might have a potentially detrimental “labeling” effect or whether treatment of previously unrecognized symptoms might improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Many important studies, including the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2), have mistakenly assumed that health status, HRQoL, and quality of life (QoL) are interchangeable terms. However, confusing terminology leads to misinterpreted data and misleading conclusions and titles.

Throughout their article, …
319 THE VALUE OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY AND SAMPLE SEROLOGICAL TEST FOR THE EVALUATION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HCV HEPATITIS
Authors: S. Bota, R. Sirli, I. Sporea, M. Focsa, A. Popescu, M. Danila, M. Strain, M. Sendroiu, A. Deleanu, A. Tudora, I. Dan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Posting FDA New Drug Application Reviews
Authors: Erick H. Turner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential expression of cornified cell envelope precursors in normal skin, intraorally transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa
Authors: F. Katou, N. Shirai, S. Kamakura, H. Tagami, H. Nagura, K. Motegi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Skin flaps have routinely been used as substitutes for oral mucosa after extensive resection of oral tissues. However, it remains unknown how the transplanted skin flaps perform as a host defence in the new environment of the oral cavity.To evaluate the expression of cornified cell envelope (CCE) precursors in pretransplanted (normal) skin, intraorally transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa, because CCEs are highly responsible for a protective barrier in each type of epithelium.We used immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the expression of CCE precursors, small proline-rich protein (SPR) 2 and 3 and loricrin, in biopsy specimens of normal skin, transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa, including buccal and lingual (non-keratinized) mucosae, and palatal (keratinized) mucosa.Transplanted skin flaps were classified into two groups. About two-thirds of the transplanted skin flaps displayed a reddish appearance and were devoid of the stratum corneum (SC) together with a psoriasiform inflammatory tissue reaction. Others showed a native appearance, retaining the SC. While SPR2 expression was limited to the stratum granulosum (SG) in both normal and transplanted skin retaining the SC, it extended to the stratum spinosum (SS) of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and that of the normal oral mucosa. Although SPR3 expression was not found in normal skin or in the transplanted skin retaining the SC, it was strongly expressed in the SS of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and the non-keratinized oral mucosa, and in the SS and SG of the keratinized oral mucosa. Loricrin, which was expressed in the SG of normal skin, the transplanted skin retaining the SC and the keratinized oral mucosa, was not detected in the transplanted skin lacking the SC or in the non-keratinized oral mucosa. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the ultrastructural localization of SPR3 directly under the cytoplasmic membrane of keratinocytes of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and that of the oral mucosa.The altered expression of SPR2, SPR3 and loricrin reflects the possible adaptation of epidermal keratinocytes in the new environment of the oral cavity.
Complex Causes of Fatal Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thomas N. James
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract It is too often deduced that myocardial infarction is due to coronary occlusion and that subsequent death needs no other explanation. But the great majority of myocardial infarctions are not fatal, whether treated or untreated. There is, of course, some relation to the size of the infarct and the presence or absence of complicating conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension, but little attention has been directed at the myriad of other events and processes influencing the clinical course. Examples include the exact anatomic territory infarcted and whether it includes the sinus node or AV node or important neuroreceptors; whether many small arteries are occluded (especially downstream of narrowed main coronary branches); whether the heart is hypertrophied, dilated, infected, or infiltrated; and whether there may be intracardiac, extracardiac, or intracranial neuropathological conditions that could destabilize cardiac electrical activity. It is now known that apoptosis plays a major role in myocardial infarction or ischemia, but it also occurs within the heart completely independently of infarction. There is also the vexing dilemma that an effective coronary collateral circulation, which is determined primarily by transanastomotic pressure gradient, is made less effective by exactly those treatments that reestablish flow in an occluded coronary artery. Since thrombolysis and angioplasty are automatically considered urgent treatment for an occluded coronary artery, it is prudent to remember the complex causes that determine whether the patient lives or dies.
Involvement of cyclin-dependent pathway in the inhibitory effect of delphinidin on angiogenesis
Authors: L FAVOT, S MARTIN, T KERAVIS, R ANDRIANTSITOHAINA, C LUGNIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Epidemiologic studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has a beneficial preventive effect for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not known although there is evidence that polyphenolic compounds in food may be of some benefit. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of delphinidin, a vasoactive polyphenol belonging to the class of anthocyanin, on endothelial cell proliferation and migration as well as on in vivo angiogenesis. Methods and results: Vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated human umbilical endothelial cell migration and proliferation are potently inhibited by delphinidin. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that delphinidin inhibition of proliferation is correlated with the blockade of cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Western blot analysis shows that delphinidin reverses the vascular endothelial growth factor-induced decrease in expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and the vascular endothelial growth factor-induced increase of cyclin D1 and cyclin A, both being necessary to achieve the G1-to-S transition. Furthermore, delphinidin inhibits neovascularisation in vivo in chorioallantoic membrane model. Conclusion: Delphinidin overcomes in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis and thus appears promising for the development of an anti-angiogenic therapy.
Intracellular particle dissolution in alveolar macrophages.
Authors: W G Kreyling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Aerosol particles deposited in the lungs that are not readily soluble in the epithelial lining fluid will be phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AM). Inside the phagolysosomal vacuole, the constituents of the plasma allow dissolution of a variety of compounds at a higher rate than dissolution in extracellular lung fluids. Chelator concentration and a pH value of about 5 were found to control intracellular particle dissolution (IPD). Hence, IPD is the initial step of translocation of dissolved material to blood, which is an important lung clearance mechanism for particles retained long term. IPD rates of uniform test particles determined in human, baboon, and canine AM cultures were similar to initial translocation rates determined in lung clearance studies of the same species after inhalation of the same test particles. IPD rate in cultured AM proved to be a sensitive functional parameter of AM, which was used to identify changes in the clearance mechanism of translocation during different exposure conditions.
Acute rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after intravenous self-administration of peanut oil.
Authors: K L Lynn
Journal: BMJ (1975)

An ECG confirmed the presence of sinus bradycardia in all three patients; the deterioration in their general health consisted of withdrawal, listlessness, refusal of food, and general apathy.The pulse reverted to normal and the symptoms disappeared within two days of ending the drug. DiscussionHydergine contains 1-5 mg of mesylates of dihydrogenated alkaloids of dihydroergokryptine.The substance is thought to have a profound alpha-blocking action.It has also been suggested that it may have beta-adrenergic blocking effects.4The bradycardiac effect of Hydergine is mentioned in earlier European literature particularly in relation to the use of Hydergine in peripheral vascular disease, but we have been unable to find a mention in the more recent literature in this country referring to its use in cerebrovascular insufficiency.Further research into the action of Hydergine on the heart rate would be of interest.We feel the development of this complication in three out of eight patients treated with Hydergine associated with severe systemic symptoms is of sufficient importance to report these cases.We thank Mrs J Newman, SRN, and Mrs P Southward, SRN, for helping with the running of the trial.
THE ACTION OF STROPHANTHIN ON THE LIVING CAT'S HEART
Authors: Samuel A. Levine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Cats vary considerably in their susceptibility to strophanthin and in the extent of the difference between the minimum lethal dose and the minimum toxic dose. 2. The amount of strophanthin necessary to produce a toxic effect in a given cat is independent of the speed of administration to a period of 4 hours. An improvement in the clinical administration of the drug is thereby indicated. 3. A theory of the action of strophanthin is formulated which reconciles the results which point to the importance of the total amount taken up by the heart with those inidicate that the concentration of the drug is the determining factor.
Effects of toxaphene on hepatic enzyme induction and circulating steroid levels in the rat.
Authors: D B Peakall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Rats were given a single dose of toxaphene (120 mg/kg, equivalent to 1/2 LD50) and sacrificed at 1, 5, and 15 days. Liver weight and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity were increased at day 5 and 15. The level of plasma testosterone was significantly decreased at day 15. In a second experiment rats were given 2.4 mg/kg daily and sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Liver weight and microsomal enzyme activity were significantly increased over controls; enzyme activity was, however, decreasing by the end of the experiment. Plasma testosterone levels were not affected. It is concluded that enhanced hepatic enzyme induction causes only a transient drop in circulating testosterone levels followed by a return to normal values.
American College of Physicians Home Care Guide for Cancer: How to Care for Family and Friends at Home
Authors: John M. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Hospital length of stay was in decline even before the current managed care impact. Physicians feel burdened and caught in the middle as patients go home earlier, and sicker, than ever before. For the cancer patient, improved outcomes result from therapies of increasing complexity. Caregivers at home face greater demands. This is a workbook, not a textbook, for home caregivers. Stepwise problem solving, not general information, is the goal, and specific home care plans are presented. It should be a valuable resource for any cancer caregiver involved with home care. The mundane (fatigue, constipation), the scary (fever, sexual problems, bleeding), and the technical (vein and mouth problems) are covered with practicality and aplomb. All chapters direct the acquisition of skills that lead to successful coping. The "obstacles section" of each chapter sounds a litany familiar to any cancer clinician and provides immediate reassurance to the home caregiver. The in-depth index
Serum depletion induces cell loss of rat cardiac fibroblasts and increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins in surviving cells
Authors: M Leicht
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Since reduced nutrient supply is one component of ischemia, we have studied the effect of serum depletion on the survival of fibroblasts isolated from adult rat hearts and on the expression and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Furthermore, we measured the role of the cAMP-dependent pathway in these processes. Methods: Isolated cardiac fibroblasts were grown to confluency in 10% serum containing medium. Serum was then removed and cell number was measured by use of a Coulter Counter. The activity of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was investigated by Western blotting and subsequent use of the specific antibody which binds to the active form of the protein. The expression of colligin, collagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) was examined by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and Western blotting. Zymographic measurements were done to investigate gelatinase activity of MMP-2. Results: Serum withdrawal caused the death of 36% of the cells during the first 8 h. CREB was strongly phosphorylated 5 min after serum removal. Activation persisted up to 8 h and decreased thereafter. The mRNA abundance of colligin, collagen I and III, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 started to increase after 5 and 10 h, respectively, reaching a maximum after 20–30 h and decreasing thereafter. Protein levels of collagen I, collagen III, colligin and TIMP-2 were higher after 24 h until up to 96 h. MMP-2 zymographic activity was elevated 15-fold after 72 h. Application of the protein kinase A (PKA) blocker RpcAMPS suppressed the increase in phosphorylation of CREB. The increase in collagen III and MMP-2 mRNA abundance and elevation of collagen I and III, and TIMP-2 protein was diminished by RpcAMPS. The rise of colligin protein was completely suppressed. The increase in MMP-2 zymographic activity was also attenuated. RpcAMPS improved survival rate from 56 to 84%. Conclusions: Serum depletion led to cell death of isolated cardiac fibroblasts. Survival was associated with the increase in the expression of various ECM proteins. The transcription factor CREB was activated after serum removal. Inhibition of PKA improved the serum depletion induced decrease in the survival rate. The increase in collagen I, collagen III, MMP-2, TIMP-2, and colligin evoked by serum depletion was also diminished by PKA inhibition.
Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample.
Authors: D J Done, E C Johnstone, C D Frith, J Golding, P M Shepherd, T J Crow
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate whether events occurring at or around the time of birth contribute to the onset of psychotic illness in adult life. DESIGN-Pregnancy and birth complications as possible causes of adult mental illness were studied in the population sample of the British perinatal mortality survey. Subsequent psychiatric admissions were independently identified through the Mental Health Enquiry and records of regional and special health authorities. Logistic regression was used to compare data on perinatal deaths with those on survivors to determine factors independently associated with perinatal death, and this equation was then used to calculate the risk of perinatal death for each survivor. SUBJECTS--16,980 people born in a single week in 1958 (the British perinatal mortality survey sample), including 252 patients admitted to psychiatric care; case notes of 235 patients were supplied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS--Patients with a schizophrenic illness (whether defined by "broad" (n = 57) or "narrow" (n = 35) diagnostic criteria) did not have a greater mean risk of perinatal death than the population in general, but there was some evidence of increased liability (relative risk 2.43; 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 5.05) for those with affective psychosis (n = 32). Specific high risk variables for affective psychosis were decreased gestation time (273.9 v 281.2 days; mean difference 7.3 days, 95% confidence interval 3.1 to 11.5; p less than 0.002) and prescription of vitamin K to the child in the first week of life (19% of patients v 5% of controls, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS--The findings give no support to theories that factors predicting perinatal mortality contribute significantly to causation of schizophrenic illness. Further investigation of decreased gestation length in relation to affective disorder is required.
THE INCIDENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOR HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE SERUM OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Thomas Francis, T. P. Magill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

The results of mouse protection tests with 136 human sera and a strain of human influenza virus are described. After the 1st year of life, the sera of approximately half the individuals tested contained sufficient antibody to furnish complete protection to mice. A much higher percentage of the sera obtained from individuals recently convalescent from influenza exerted a completely protective effect. On the other hand, certain sera protected only partially under the conditions of the tests. The results have been compared with those obtained by Shope in tests done with the same sera against swine influenza virus. The possible epidemiological significance of the results is discussed.