tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Pregnancy associated with copper-containing I.U.D.
Authors: V Sivanesaratnam, I S Puvan, D K Sen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

561 maternal intoxication and therefore the lack of maternal clinical hypervitaminosis has little relevance to the discussion of the terateg.nicpotential of vitamin A.1 It is evident that the conclusion of Mrs. Wild and her colleagues that "it seems unlikely that women who conceive soon after dis- continuing oral cont,raception run any teratogenic risk from increased vitamin A levels" may yet be more definite than is warranted by their data and should not be accepted as final.Further work is required.-I am, etc.,
Dual-port distal pancreatectomy using a prototype endoscope and endoscopic stapler: a natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) survival study in a porcine model
Authors: M. Ryou, D. Fong, R. Pai, A. Tavakkolizadeh, D. Rattner, C. Thompson
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a potentially less invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery that may be applicable to distal pancreatectomy. We aimed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a NOTES distal pancreatectomy in an in vivo porcine model via a combined transvaginal-transcolonic approach.The procedure was performed in five female Yorkshire pigs weighing approximately 30 kg each. A prototype endoscope ("R-scope"), advanced into the peritoneal cavity through an anterior colotomy, and a computer-assisted linear stapler, introduced transvaginally, were used in dissection and resection of the distal pancreas. Prone positioning was used to enhance retroperitoneal exposure. Pneumodissection was used for blunt dissection. The colotomies were closed with endoloops. Necropsies were done immediately after the procedure in the first three animals, and after 2 weeks' survival in the final two animals.Distal pancreatectomy was successful in all five animals. Prone positioning was critically important for proper exposure of retroperitoneal and pelvic structures. Pneumodissection was effective for blunt dissection, and both the linear stapler and R-scope functioned smoothly. Transvaginal and transcolonic access provided similar intraperitoneal views, and the dual-lumen approach enhanced triangulation. Both survival animals thrived postoperatively. Necropsies revealed clean staple lines; closed transcolonic and transvaginal incisions; and absence of infection, hemorrhage, or fluid collections.NOTES distal pancreatectomy is technically feasible in the porcine model. The transvaginal approach provides a vantage point very similar to that of the transcolonic route and holds promise as a NOTES access site, either singly or as part of a dual-lumen approach. The endoscopic linear stapler and R-scope both advance NOTES capabilities. The novel concepts of fully prone positioning, pneumodissection, and endoloop colotomy closures are introduced. Considering anatomical differences and that healthy animals were used, transferring this technique to patients with pancreatic disease might be difficult and further modifications would likely be needed.
Telephone Medicine: Triage and Training—A Handbook for Primary Care Health Professionals
Authors: Orest Dubynsky
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Dr Katz tackles that never-ending nemesis of any medical practice, the telephone, in this 222-page softcover, spiralbound handbook. The first of four main sections, "Organization and Art of Telephone Medicine," starts with the expected explanation of why this book is needed. The author introduces us to some disquieting data: only half of 151 pediatric residency programs evaluated in 1986 even required documentation of telephone calls, and only 45% of those programs offer any telephone training. (I hope those numbers have improved dramatically by now!) Several organizational diagrams and tables illustrate the types of problems that commonly come in over the telephone. A compelling sentence advises, "The individual who is selected is, in effect, the image and voice of the practice, and the wrong person or personality in this sensitive position can spell disaster." Amen! Dr Katz cleverly points out how even a change in posture changes one's tone of voice
BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION IS A PREDICTOR OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Frank Edward Corrigan, Danny Eapen, Pankaj Manocha, Muhammad Hammadah, Mohammad T. Kabbany, Jennifer Vazquez, Lynn Cunningham, Irina Uphoff, Laurence Sperling, R. Wayne Alexander, Kenneth L. Brigham, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intravenous Adenosine (Adenoscan) Versus Exercise in the Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by SPECT
Authors: MARGARET M. LaMANNA, RIYAD MOHAMA, IVAN LEWIS SLAVICH, FRANK J. LUMIA, SE DO CHA, NAIPAUL RAMBARAN, VLADIR MARANHAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Fifteen patients at a mean age of 58 underwent adenosine and maximal exercise thallium SPECT imaging. All scans were performed 1 week apart and within 4 weeks of cardiac catheterization. SPECT imaging was performed after the infusion of 140 μg/kg/min of adenosine for 6 minutes. Mean heart rate increment during adenosine administration was 67 ± 3.7 to 77 ± 4.1. Mean blood pressure was 136 ± 7.2 to 135 ± 6.2 systolic and 78 ± 1.8 to 68 ± 2.6 diastolic. No adverse hemodynamic effects were observed. There were no changes in PR or QRS in intervals. Five stress ECGs were ischemic. No ST changes were observed with adenosine. Although 68% of the patients had symptoms of flushing, light-headedness, and dizziness during adenosine infusion, symptoms resolved within 1 minute of dosage adjustment or termination of the infusion in all but one patient, who required theophylline. Sensitivity for coronary artery detection was 77% and specificity 100%. Concordance between adenoscans and exercise thallium scintigraphy was high (13/15 = 87%). In two patients, there were minor scintigraphic differences. The authors conclude that adenosine is a sensitive, specific, and safe alternative to exercise testing in patients referred for thallium imaging and may be preferable to dipyridamole.
Expanding the Differential Diagnosis of Male Hypogonadism
Authors: Stephen J. Winters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

THE Leydig cells of the testis produce testosterone in response to stimulation by luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary. The stimulus for the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone is gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is secreted into the hypothalamic—pituitary portal circulation by neurons of the anterior hypothalamus; its secretion must be pulsatile for the secretion of luteinizing hormone to be normal. In addition, testicular steroids negatively regulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone by direct feedback effects on the secretion of both gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone. Accordingly, patients with Leydig-cell insufficiency in whom hypothalamic—pituitary function is normal have elevated concentrations . . .
Australian doctors outraged by proposed overhaul
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A controversial report into Australia's acute shortage of surgeons has recommended allowing nurses to give anaesthetics and the immediate training of general practitioners to take over minor surgery. The inquiry, commissioned by the government, also wants report cards to be made available for patients to report on the quality of care of individual surgeons and the right to a free second opinion on whether an operation is needed. It suggests that the Trade Practices Commission should inquire into the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the surgical societies for evidence of anticompetitive behaviour.

The report, A Cutting Edge: Australia's Surgical …
Fabrication of Barium‐ and Strontium‐Doped Silica/Titania Hollow Nanoparticles and Their Synergetic Effects on Promoting Neuronal Differentiation by Activating ERK and p38 Pathways
Authors: Sojin Kim, Yoonsun Jang, Wan‐Kyu Oh, Chanhoi Kim, Jyongsik Jang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Pristine, barium‐doped, and strontium‐doped hollow nanoparticles (p‐HNPs, Ba‐HNP, and Sr‐HNP; HNPs) are prepared by sonication‐mediated etching and redeposition (SMER) method and alkali‐earth‐metal hydroxide solution treatment. The HNPs are investigated to facilitate synergetic neuronal differentiation through alkali‐earth‐metal doping and in conjunction with nerve growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells are used as model cells for neuronal differentiation. The differentiation efficiency is improved in the presence of the HNPs+NGF, and the neurite length is in the order of Sr‐HNP+NGF &gt; Ba‐HNP+NGF &gt; p‐HNP+NGF &gt; NGF. Silica/titania have increasing effect on both differentiation efficiency and neurite length, and doped barium/strontium influences additional elongation of the average neurite length. Take advantage of hollow structure, NGF is encapsulated into HNPs, and they are further applied for directly inducing differentiation. The maximum differentiation efficiency is 67% in presence of the NGF‐encapsulated Sr‐HNP, which was 1.3 times higher than previous research. Furthermore, the neurite length is also 2.7 times higher than MnO 2 decorated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoellipsoids. Ba‐ and Sr‐HNP may offer a possibility for novel application of metal‐hybrid nanomaterials for cell differentiation, and can be expanded to other cellular applications.
"THE LEPROSY SITUATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1923"
Authors: Howard Fox
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under this title, Frederick L. Hoffman, statistician, has given (The Journal, November 22) a survey of the distribution of leprosy in the United States. From his perfectly correct statement, a misunderstanding might, however, arise. He says that leprosy is not a reportable disease in New York State, but does not mention that in New York City the department of health requires it to be reported. The isolated case that he cites from New York State (Cattaraugus County) is in marked contrast to the twenty cases reported from California. As a matter of fact, there are probably more lepers in New York than in any other state of the Union except Louisiana. At the present time there are ten lepers in my service at the Riverside Hospital, while during the last two and a half years more than thirty such patients have been inmates of this institution alone.
Nonclassical CD1d-restricted NK T cells that produce IL-13 characterize an atypical Th2 response in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ivan J. Fuss, Frank Heller, Monica Boirivant, Francisco Leon, Masaru Yoshida, Stefan Fichtner-Feigl, Zhiqiong Yang, Mark Exley, Atsushi Kitani, Richard S. Blumberg, Peter Mannon, Warren Strober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

While Crohn disease (CD) has been clearly identified as a Th1 inflammation, the immunopathogenesis of its counterpart inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), remains enigmatic. Here we show that lamina propria T (LPT) cells from UC patients produce significantly greater amounts of IL-13 (and IL-5) than control cells and little IFN-γ, whereas comparable cells from CD patients produce large amounts of IFN-γ and small amounts of IL-13. We then show that stimulation of UC LPT cells bearing an NK marker (CD161) with anti-CD2/anti-CD28 or with B cells expressing transfected CD1d induces substantial IL-13 production. While this provided firm evidence that the IL-13–producing cell is an NK T (NKT) cell, it became clear that this cell does not express invariant NKT cell receptors characteristic of most NKT cells since there was no increase in cells binding α-galactosylceramide–loaded tetramers, and α-galactosylceramide did not induce IL-13 secretion. Finally, we show that both human NKT cell lines as well as UC CD161+ LPT cells are cytotoxic for HT-29 epithelial cells and that this cytotoxicity is augmented by IL-13. These studies show that UC is associated with an atypical Th2 response mediated by nonclassical NKT cells producing IL-13 and having cytotoxic potential for epithelial cells.
Persistent infection of Chlamydia in reactive arthritis
Authors: M Rihl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Unravelling the molecular mechanisms

A number of bacteria have been implicated as causing reactive arthritis. In epidemiological studies Chlamydia have been identified as the most common bacteria triggering reactive arthritis in Western countries.1 Only 1–3% of patients acquiring infection at the urogenital tract as the primary site of infection develop Chlamydia -induced arthritis.

It has been shown that C trachomatis reaches the joint from the urogenital system through circulating monocytes and that monocytes/macrophages are the common host cells for persistent organisms during long term infection, with a major role in the induction of inflammation (fig 1). Most patients will achieve clinical remission within 6 months after infection. However, a chronic disease course occurs with intermittent relapses and periods of remission despite the presence of persistent bacteria in the joint. To date, there is no explanation for this clinical heterogeneity, but it is probably related to the genetic background of the host as well as to bacterial factors, such as the ability of C trachomatis to modify its life cycle.



 Figure 1  
 Pathogenetic concept of Chlamydia -induced arthritis. (1) Primary urogenital infection; (2) dissemination of the bacteria into the joint; (3) intracellular persistence of the bacteria (a) and subsequent synthesis of antigens (AG) out of phagosomes or antigens (b) detected by T cells, which in turn activate monocytes through multiple cytokines; (4) production and release of proinflammatory mediators by the activated monocytes establishing and sustaining the actual inflammation.



During the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of reactive arthritis. Convincing evidence suggests that bacteria and microbial antigens triggering reactive arthritis persist in the joints and other reservoirs such as the entry site of the infection. Owing to intensive immunological and immunogenetic research into reactive arthritis over past decades, the present view of the disease mechanisms is mainly …
Systemic Absorption of Food Dye in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: James P. Maloney, Ann C. Halbower, Brian F. Fouty, Karen A. Fagan, Vivek Balasubramaniam, Adrian W. Pike, Paul V. Fennessey, Marc Moss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Critically ill patients who are receiving enteral feeding are susceptible to pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. Measures to enhance the early detection of aspiration include the tinting of feedings with the food dye FDC in both cases, the absorption was heralded by the appearance of blue or green skin . . .
Morphometric evaluation of local anti-androgenic activity on the rat sebaceous gland
Authors: J. SECCHI, D. LECAQUE, M. M. BOUTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Morphometric evaluation of local anti‐androgenic activity on the rat sebaceous gland Get access J. SECCHI, J. SECCHI Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. LECAQUE, D. LECAQUE Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. M. BOUTON M. M. BOUTON Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 178–179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15601.x Published: 01 July 1984
A Voluntary National Examining Board.
Authors: Adam E. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The letters which have recently appeared inThe Journalsuggest two things: first, the necessity of some authority which shall have power to determine who are worthy of license to practice medicine in this country and, second, in whom shall that authority be vested. This naturally leads to the inquiry: By what means can that authority be enforced? Clearly such power can only be obtained through National legislation. In order to obtain that, the scheme must be of such a character as to commend itself to the House of Representatives and the Senate, and finally the President. As has been suggested by one correspondent, the right of the citizen of this country to earn his living is a constitutional one with which Congress will be slow to meddle, the greatest care being always observed to keep within constitutional limits, and the attempt to place the rights and
Serotonin and Gut Motility
Authors: J. J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1963)

dren over 7 who have life-long nocturnal enuresis.without symptoms of emotional disturbance.We encountered the following snags even then:1.The child slept so heavily that the buzzer failed to wake him.2. The child woke and lay screaming, apparently too frightened to move or turn off the bell, or became too frightened to use the hell after one or two tries.3. The child was difficult about using the
Haemoglobin A1C concentrations in men and women with diabetes.
Authors: E J Hindle, G M Rostron, J A Gatt
Journal: BMJ (1984)

practitioner (with hardware and software provided by the Greater London Council funded London New Technology Network), to encourage clinical review and regular assess- ment of biochemical control.If, as in the east London study,' most general practitioner supervised patients once attended a hospital diabetic clinic it should be possible to build most of the register from hospital records.The remainder may be provided by general practi- tioner disease lists and prescription returns for hypoglycaemic drugs and urine testing agents.
Public health leader apologises for language in Twitter row
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The president of the UK Faculty of Public Health has apologised for the choice of language he used during a heated row with supporters of electronic cigarettes on the social media site Twitter . 

John Ashton has taken voluntary leave of absence from his position while the faculty carries out an internal investigation into the incident, which occurred on Saturday 6 September. Ashton said that the offending messages, which both he and the faculty have apologised for, were prompted by personal abuse he had received from anonymous “trolls” whom he accused of …
Regional differences in the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) contribute to the differences in action potential duration in basal left ventricular myocytes in guinea-pig
Authors: S. M. Bryant, Xiaoping Wan, S. J. Shipsey, G. Hart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: To compare the properties of single myocytes isolated from different layers of the basal region of the left ventricle and to test the hypothesis that differences in the delayed rectifier current (IK) contribute to regional differences in action potential duration. Methods: Myocytes were isolated from basal sub-endocardial, mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers of the guinea-pig left ventricle. Membrane voltage and current were measured using the switch-clamp technique. Results: Mean action potential duration measured at 90% repolarisation (APD90) was longer in sub-endocardial myocytes than in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial myocytes [APD90 ms at 0.2 Hz: sub-endocardial 292±12 (n=40), mid-myocardial 243±8 (n=42) and sub-epicardial 227±9 (n=36), P<0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. The APD–rate relationship (stimulation frequencies 2, 1, 0.2 and 0.017 Hz) was steeper in sub-endocardial than in mid-myocardial or sub-epicardial myocytes (P<0.001, ANOVA). The density of IK was greater in mid-myocardial (4.05±0.09 pA pF−1) and sub-epicardial (3.90±0.41 pA pF−1) than in sub-endocardial myocytes (2.74±0.27 pA pF−1, P<0.01 ANOVA). The rapidly-activating (IKr) and slowly-activating (IKs) components of IK were significantly smaller in sub-endocardial than in mid-myocardial or sub-epicardial myocytes. d,l-Sotalol-induced prolongation of APD90 was similar in the three regions studied. Conclusions: There are significant transmural gradients in the electrophysiological properties of myocytes isolated from the base of the left ventricular free wall in guinea-pig. Sub-endocardial myocytes had a longer APD90 attributable in part to a significantly smaller IK density. We have been unable to identify M cells in the guinea-pig left ventricular free wall.
Elimination of daily routine chest radiographs in a mixed medical–surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Marleen E. Graat, Anke Kröner, Peter E. Spronk, Johanna C. Korevaar, Jaap Stoker, Margreeth B. Vroom, Marcus J. Schultz
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

To determine the impact of elimination of daily routine chest radiographs (CXRs) in a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) on utility of on demand CXRs, length of stay (LOS) in ICU, readmission rate, and mortality rate.Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study in a 28-bed ICU. Analysis included data of all admitted ICU patients during 5 months before and after elimination of daily routine CXRs.Before elimination, 2457 daily routine CXRs and 1437 on demand CXRs were obtained from 754 patients. After elimination, 1267 CXRs were obtained from 622 patients. The ratio of CXRs/patient day decreased from 1.1+/-0.3 to 0.6+/-0.4 (p<0.05). Elimination did not result in a change in utility and timing of on demand CXRs. The absolute diagnostic and therapeutic value of on demand CXRs increased with elimination of daily routine CXRs: before intervention, 147 unexpected predefined abnormalities were found (10.2% of all on demand CXRs in 15.9% of all patients), of which 57 (3.9%) in 6.4% of all patients led to a change in therapy. After intervention, 156 unexpected predefined abnormalities were found (11.6%; p<0.05), of which 61 (4.8%) in 9.5% of all patients (p<0.05) led to a change in therapy. The LOS in ICU, readmission rate and ICU, and hospital mortality rate were not influenced by the change in strategy.Elimination of daily routine CXRs reduced the number of CXRs in a mixed medical-surgical ICU, while not affecting readmission rate and ICU and hospital mortality rates.
House Staff Supervision and Working Hours
Authors: Bertrand M. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As chairman of the committee that made the recommendations that led to reforms in the working conditions and supervision of residents in New York,<sup>1</sup>I can state that the article by Kenneth E. Thorpe,<sup>2</sup>"House Staff Supervision and Working Hours: Implications of Regulatory Change in New York State," must be read with an important caveat. Thorpe's article, including the methodology and cost estimates, is based on the presumption that graduate medical education will not change. This is not the case. The "Bell Committee" recognized that while the practice of hospital medicine has radically changed since World War II, the format and concept of residency training has hardly changed. The committee's recommendations were made to help facilitate change in graduate medical education that would improve the quality of care and the quality of medical education. The committee found that many program directors were unaware and did