tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential Use of lndium-111 Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies 96.5 and ZME-018 does not Increase Detection Sensitivity for Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: M FRONTIERA, J L MURRAY, L LAMKI, J THOMAS, W SATTERLEE, R SCHMELTER, M G ROSENBLUM, M B KHAZAELI, M W UNGER, W A ROBINSON, P A BUNN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Two indium-111 labeled anti-melanoma murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb), 96.5 and ZME-018, each recognizing separate antigens on melanoma cells, were administered intravenously to 17 patients with melanoma in a sequential fashion to determine whether: 1) additional tumor sites could be imaged with the combination compared to a single MAb; 2) the first MAb influenced the biodistribution and tumor localization of the second; and 3) significant toxicity occurred with the combination. Patients were randomized to receive either 96.5, followed by ZME-018, ZME-018 followed by 96.5, or each MAb followed by itself (controls). Infusions of the second MAb occurred 10 days after the first infusion. Gamma camera images were obtained 72 hours after each antibody infusion. There were 139 known metastatic sites of which 72 lesions were localized by either MAb for an overall sensitivity of 52%. The detection rate was higher when lesions only greater than 1.5 cm were considered. Imaging results were independent of MAb administration sequence. When ZME-018 was given as the first infusion, 53% of known lesions were detected, compared to 34% when ZME-018 was given as a second infusion (p = NS). However, mean sensitivities using 96.5 as the first or second infusion were 48% and 66% respectively (p = NS). There was not a significant number of sites detected by MAb 2 that were missed by MAb 1. Human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) response occurred in seven of eight patients studied; two patients who experienced toxicity had levels of HAMA greater than 2000 ng/ml. We conclude that the use of these two murine anti-melanoma monoclonal antibodies given in sequential fashion did not significantly change the imaging sensitivity from that seen with each individual antibody. Moreover, with the exception of one patient, mean plasma half-life of the MAb did not change significantly, suggesting that overall clearance mechanisms were not saturated by the consecutive doses of monoclonal antibody or significantly altered by the presence of HAMA.
Infective endocarditis: a survey of cases in the South-East region of Scotland, 1969-72.
Authors: R H Smith, D J Radford, R A Clark, D G Julian
Journal: Thorax (1976)

The incidence and characteristics of infective endocarditis were studied in a defined community over a four-year period. Seventy-eight cases were found, giving an incidence of 16 cases permillion per year. The commonest presenting features were those of infection; 53% had cardiac failure and 37% evidence of emboli when first seen. Twenty-three cases occurred on rheumatic heart valves, 13 on valvular prostheses, and 19 in previously normal hearts. Streptococcus viridans was the commonest organism, but there was a relatively high incidence of staphylococcal infection. Only four cases were preceded by dental manipulation, and no source for the infection was found in 46 patients. The mortality rate was 46%, cardiac failure and embolic phenomena accounting for 65% of deaths. It is unlikely that earlier diagnosis or cardiac surgery would have reduced the mortality appreciably.
The relationships between endothelin-1 secreted during exercise and pulmonary vascular tone in patients with mild mitral stenosis
Authors: Hirotaka Kimura, Yasuhiro Kawagoe, Noboru Kaneko, Yasuki Hen, Saichi Hosoda, Takuma Sakon, Makoto Nakazawa, Nobuhiro Miki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Spectrophotometry of cerebrospinal fluid in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Anne Cruickshank, Robert Beetham, Ian Holbrook, Ian Watson, Philip Wenham, Geoffrey Keir, Peter White, William Egner
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To underline the importance of correctly examining cerebrospinal fluid, we describe two patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage for whom cranial computerised tomography was normal and on whom lumbar puncture was subsequently done. Both had clear and colourless cerebrospinal fluid, but subsequent spectrophotometry showed bilirubin. Cerebral angiography then showed a ruptured aneurysm in each patient.

Case 1 A 28 year old woman presented with nausea and diplopia. She had global headache which had awoken her 14 days before. This was associated with neck pain and stiffness, vomiting for two days, and photophobia for five to six days. On examination, severe bilateral papilloedema, and signs of a VIth nerve palsy were present. Cranial computerised …
Regional myocardial function in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. An echocardiographic study.
Authors: M V Cohen, L B Cooperman, R Rosenblum
Journal: Circulation (1975)

To assess regional contractility in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), a primary myopathic disorder with documented hyperdynamic ventricular contractions, systolic wall thickening and velocity of contraction of the septum and left ventricular posterior wall were measured in echocardiograms from 16 patients with IHSS and 16 normal subjects. The average thickening of the normal septum and posterior wall was 75.9+/-8.8% and 84.8+/-6.3%, respectively. The posterior wall in IHSS thickened by 75.1+/-6.8%. None of these values differed significantly. However, the increase in thickness of the IHSS septum averaged 22.5+/-2.4%, significantly less than that of either the IHSS posterior wall or the normal septum. Velocity measurements confirmed the impression of diminished septal function. The mean velocity of normal septal contraction averaged 37.0+/-2.3 mm/sec, normal posterior wall 42.3+/-2.0 mm/sec and IHSS posterior wall 55.7+/-3.5 mm/sec, whereas the septum in IHSS contracted at the rate of 26.0+/-2.5 mm/sec. Thus, the IHSS septum contracted significantly more slowly than the normal septum or IHSS posterior wall. However, the posterior wall velocity in IHSS was significantly more rapid than that measured in normal ventricles--perhaps to compensate for the septum. Normalization of all velocities for left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter did not alter the sifnificance of the results. Consideration of IHSS as an asymmetric myopathy based on prior observations of predominantly septal hypertrophy and distorted septal cellular architecture is now supported by the above evidence of functional left ventricular asymmetry. Although the total left ventricular function in IHSS may be hyperdynamic, regional function is not uniform. The septum appears to be hypodynamic, while the contractile capacity of the posterior wall is increased.
Release of alpha hydroxybutyrate from neonatal rat heart cell cultures exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation: comparison with impairment of structure and function of damaged cardiac cells
Authors: A. V. DER LAARSE, L. HOLLAAR, L. J. M. VAN DER VALK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Spontaneously beating monolayer cultures of neonatal rat heart cells first exposed to depletion of oxygen and metabolic substrates for 1 to 7 h (anoxia). Subsequently the cultures were resupplied with oxygen and substrates (reoxygenation). The release of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) from the cells, the extent of necrosis, and the changes in spontaneous contractile activity were measured. HBDH release was observed to start after 1 h of anoxia and to increase to 84% of intracellular HBDH activity after 7 h of anoxia. Reoxygenation of anoxic heart cells is associated with accelerated HBDH release (oxygen paradox). The activity of HBDH released by cardiac cells, the number of necrotic cells and the impairment of beating capacity of the cells depend on the duration of the anoxic period in a similar way. This study demonstrates that cardiac cell death can be assessed quantitatively and reliably by the measurement of the activity of HBDH released by the cells.
German transplant surgeon denies accusations of blackmail and fraud
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A prominent transplant and cancer surgeon from the University of Essen in Germany has been charged with unlawful gain, bribery, blackmail, extortionate robbery, and fraud more than a year after he was suspended.

The charges against Christoph Broelsch have been rejected by his lawyer, Rainer Hamm, who said in a press statement that they are entirely unfounded. Mr Hamm is currently trying to stop a court case from opening and has accused the prosecutor of biased investigations.

In May 2007 Professor Broelsch was publicly accused by the relative of a patient with liver cancer of demanding payments for bringing …
Evaluation Of Quality Of Life In Patients With Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: S. Barayazarra, S. Corelli, M. Raiden, A. Zanochi, S. Sosa, C. Cottonaro, A. Teijeiro, R. Baena-Cagnani, M. Najo, G. Canonica, D. Perez-Chada, M. Zernotti, C. Baena-Cagnani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Nearly Fatal Reaction to Amodiaquine
Authors: Harold O. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1962)

With the expanded use of antimalarial drugs based upon their effectiveness as anti-inflammatory agents, an increase in the number of adverse reactions to these agents was to be expected. This report describes the development of hepatitis and agranulocytosis in a patient who received amodiaquine, one of the newer antimalarials, and emphasizes the various reactions that may be encountered with these compounds. In the management of the patient presented, use of adrenocorticotropin and prednisone was considered lifesaving.
Sirolimus and Kidney Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Andreas L. Serra, Diane Poster, Andreas D. Kistler, Fabienne Krauer, Shagun Raina, James Young, Katharina M. Rentsch, Katharina S. Spanaus, Oliver Senn, Paulus Kristanto, Hans Scheffel, Dominik Weishaupt, Rudolf P. Wüthrich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), aberrant activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is associated with progressive kidney enlargement. The drug sirolimus suppresses mTOR signaling.In this 18-month, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we sought to determine whether sirolimus halts the growth in kidney volume among patients with ADPKD. We randomly assigned 100 patients between the ages of 18 and 40 years to receive either sirolimus (target dose, 2 mg daily) or standard care. All patients had an estimated creatinine clearance of at least 70 ml per minute. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure the volume of polycystic kidneys. The primary outcome was total kidney volume at 18 months on blinded assessment. Secondary outcomes were the glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion rate at 18 months.At randomization, the median total kidney volume was 907 cm3 (interquartile range, 577 to 1330) in the sirolimus group and 1003 cm3 (interquartile range, 574 to 1422) in the control group. The median increase over the 18-month period was 99 cm3 (interquartile range, 43 to 173) in the sirolimus group and 97 cm3 (interquartile range, 37 to 181) in the control group. At 18 months, the median total kidney volume in the sirolimus group was 102% of that in the control group (95% confidence interval, 99 to 105; P=0.26). The glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between the two groups; however, the urinary albumin excretion rate was higher in the sirolimus group.In adults with ADPKD and early chronic kidney disease, 18 months of treatment with sirolimus did not halt polycystic kidney growth. (Funded by Wyeth and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00346918.)
William John Gordon
Authors: H. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

After graduating MB ChB at the University of Glasgow in 1947, William John Gordon (“Bill”) held junior posts in various units. It was while under the tutelage of Sir Dugald Baird that he decided to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology. However, before entering this specialty he chose to gain some experience in general practice in Aberdeenshire.

On returning to Glasgow, he entered the specialty with various posts around Glasgow .He was awarded the degree of doctor of medicine with commendation for his thesis on the clinical significance of basal metabolic rate in pregnancy. He became a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians in1960 and later a fellow. …
Transposition of the great arteries. Results of treatment with early palliation and late intracardiac repair.
Authors: H P Gutgesell, D G McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A longitudinal study was made of 62 patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries. The patients were managed with balloon atrial septostomy (BAS), palliative surgery if any operation was needed in the first year of life, and Mustard intra-atrial baffle repair after one year of age. Of the 47 patients with intact ventricular septum (IVS) treated in this manner, 41 (87 percent) were living at three months of age, 36 (77 percent) at one year, and 31 (66 percent) at two years of age. Survival rates were lower at each age for patients with associated ventricular septal defect (VSD). In relation to therapeutic interventions in the 62 patients, there were six medical deaths within one week of BAS, three deaths during palliative operations, and eight deaths associated with 31 Mustard procedures. Three patients with IVS and five with VSD developed pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and two patients suffered strokes. In view of the relatively low mortality rate after the neonatal period and our good results with palliative surgery, we continue to defer the Mustard procedure to the second year of life. This is in contrast to the policy of some centers which now advocate elective intracardiac repair in the first year of life.
Cardiac Monitoring in a Regional Hospital
Authors: C. P. Aber, R. W. Portal, M. P. Chopra
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The first 18 months' experience in a self-contained, 9-bedded cardiac monitoring unit in a regional general hospital is reported. Of 667 admissions, 373 (56%) had acute myocardial infarction. Of these, 61 (16%) patients suffered cardiac arrest(s), and 11 were successfully resuscitated. The overall mortality was 13.4%, which compares favourably with other series reported.
Gemfibrozil, Lipids, and Coronary Risk
Authors: Basil M. Rifkind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Clinical trials of lipid-altering drugs for the prevention of coronary heart disease are uncommon. The low rate of coronary events, especially in primary-prevention studies, and the chronic course of atherosclerosis require both large sample sizes, measured in the thousands, and years of follow-up. Thus, such studies are ambitious and costly undertakings and tests of endurance. Accordingly, the findings of the Helsinki Heart Study1 provide an important addition to the literature, especially at a time when lowering cholesterol in high-risk persons with hypercholesterolemia is being widely advocated in the United States2 , 3 and Europe.4 The Helsinki Heart Study withstands scrutiny of the . . .
A simple method to remove an embedded self-expandable metallic stent with a balloon
Authors: Z. Li, Z. Liao
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 56-year-old woman with a history of obstructive jaundice secondary to a postoperative biliary injury after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was transferred to our hospital for treatment of a benign biliary stricture. She had three sessions of plastic biliary stent exchange (8.5, 10, 11.5 Fr, 9 cm, Soehendra Tannenbaum stent; Wilson-Cook Medical Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) placed into the common bile duct (CBD) to treat biliary tract obstruction. Her liver function tests returned to normal. However, after removal of the last plastic stent, the jaundice and right upper quadrant pain recurred. She then received a covered self-expandable metallic Wallstent (SEMS, Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) in the CBD ([Fig. 1]). She was asymptomatic after placement of the SEMS.
Identification and genetic manipulation of human and mouse oesophageal stem cells
Authors: Youngtae Jeong, Horace Rhee, Shanique Martin, Daniel Klass, Yuan Lin, Le Xuan Truong Nguyen, Weiguo Feng, Maximilian Diehn
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Human oesophageal stem cell research is hampered by the lack of an optimal assay system to study self-renewal and differentiation. We aimed to identify and characterise human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells by establishing 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems for both species. <h3>Design</h3> Primary oesophageal epithelial cells were freshly isolated and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted from human and mouse oesophagus and 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems were developed. The self-renewing potential and differentiation status of novel subpopulations were assessed by sphere-forming ability, cell cycle analysis, immunostaining, qPCR and RNA-Seq. <h3>Results</h3> Primary human and mouse oesophageal epithelial cells clonally formed esophagospheres consisting of stratified squamous epithelium. Sphere-forming cells could self-renew and form esophagospheres for over 43 passages in vitro and generated stratified squamous epithelium when transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice. Sphere-forming cells were 10–15-fold enriched among human CD49f<sup>hi</sup>CD24<sup>low</sup> cells and murine CD49f<sup>+</sup>CD24<sup>low</sup>CD71<sup>low</sup> cells compared with the most differentiated cells. Genetic elimination of p63 in mouse and human oesophageal cells dramatically decreased esophagosphere formation and basal gene expression while increasing suprabasal gene expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We developed clonogenic and organotypic culture systems for the quantitative analyses of human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells and identified novel cell surface marker combinations that enrich for these cells. Using this system, we demonstrate that elimination of p63 inhibits self-renewal of human oesophageal stem/progenitor cells. We anticipate that these esophagosphere culture systems will facilitate studies of oesophageal stem cell biology and may prove useful for ex vivo expansion of human oesophageal stem cells.
Cystatin B As a Tissue and Urinary Biomarker of Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Disease Progression
Authors: Adam S. Feldman, Jacqueline Banyard, Chin-Lee Wu, W. Scott McDougal, Bruce R. Zetter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Using proteomic techniques, we sought to identify novel protein biomarkers in tissue and urine from patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Experimental Design: Urinary and tissue proteomes were analyzed and differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. One of the proteins, cystatin B, was further analyzed in TCC tissue by immunohistochemistry and in urine by semiquantitative Western blot analysis. Results: Cystatin B tissue staining intensity significantly increased concordantly with TCC grade (P = 0.0008). Elevated urinary cystatin B levels correlated with increasing tumor grade (P = 0.062) and stage (P = 0.0047). Patients with elevated levels of cystatin B had a shorter mean ± SE time to disease recurrence (12 ± 1.82 months) compared with patients who had low levels (28.8 ± 2.26 months; P = 0.0047). Similarly, patients with elevated cystatin B levels had a shorter time to grade/stage progression compared with patients with low urinary cystatin B (P = 0.0007). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, an elevated cystatin B level was the most significant variable predicting disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-9.5; P = 0.0049) and grade/stage progression (hazard ratio, 10.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-201.5; P = 0.0104). Conclusions: Cystatin B is elevated in tissue and urine of bladder cancer patients. Cystatin B urine levels are positively correlated with tumor grade, stage, and shorter time to disease recurrence and progression. Consequently, cystatin B may be useful as a novel predictive biomarker in TCC of the bladder.
BEDSIDE ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE: RELATIONSHIP TO VENOUS COMPLIANCE
Authors: John J. Pacella, Christopher Defrancesco, Dustin E. Kliner, James P. Lynch, John P. Girod, Madhurmeet Singh, Flordeliza S. Villanueva, Marc A. Simon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Relationship Between Atrial Fibrillation and Typical Atrial Flutter in Humans
Authors: Franz X. Roithinger, Martin R. Karch, Paul R. Steiner, Arne SippensGroenewegen, Michael D. Lesh
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background A transitional rhythm precedes the spontaneous onset of atrial flutter in an animal model, but few data are available in man. Methods and Results In 10 patients, 16 episodes of atrial fibrillation (166±236 seconds) converting into atrial flutter during electrophysiological evaluation were analyzed. A 20-pole catheter was used for mapping the right atrial free wall. Preceding the conversion was a characteristic sequence of events: (1) a gradual increase in atrial fibrillation cycle length (150±25 ms after onset, 166±28 ms before conversion, P &lt;.01); (2) an electrically silent period (267±45 ms); (3) “organized atrial fibrillation” (cycle length, 184±24 ms) with the same right atrial free wall activation direction as during atrial flutter; (4) another delay on the lateral right atrium (283±52 ms); and (5) typical atrial flutter (cycle length, 245±38 ms). The coronary sinus generally had a different rate than the right atrial free wall until the beat that initiated flutter, when right atrium and coronary sinus were activated in sequence. During 1313 seconds of fibrillation, there were 171 episodes of “organized atrial fibrillation.” An additional activation delay at least 30 ms longer than the mean organized atrial fibrillation cycle length was sensitive (100%) and specific (99%) for impending organization into atrial flutter. During organized atrial fibrillation, right atrial free wall activation was craniocaudal in 70% and caudocranial in 30%, which may explain why counterclockwise flutter is a more common clinical rhythm than clockwise flutter. Atrial flutter never degenerated into fibrillation, even after adenosine infusion. Conclusions Anatomic barriers, along with statistical properties of conduction and refractoriness during atrial fibrillation, may explain the remarkably stereotypical pattern of endocardial activation during the initiation of atrial flutter via fibrillation and the rarity of degeneration of flutter to fibrillation once it stabilizes.