tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of varying the extent of the vagotomy on the myoelectrical and motor activity of the stomach
Authors: C. J. Stoddard, W. E. Waterfall, B. H. Brown, H. L. Duthie
Journal: Gut (1973)

The effects of varying the extent of vagotomy on the myoelectrical and motor activity of the stomach have been successfully studied in 21 patients undergoing either truncal, selective, or highly selective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. The mean percentage time that regular antral myoelectrical activity was recorded preoperatively was 95·8% ± 1·0 and this was decreased following highly selective vagotomy (74·0% ± 6·6), selective vagotomy (37·8% ± 12·4), and truncal vagotomy (30·2% ± 10·4). The mean amplitude of the pacesetter potential was less following truncal (0·86 mV ± 0·05), selective (1·32 mV ± 0·09), and highly selective vagotomy (1·67 ± 0·09) than in preoperative studies (2·21 mV ± 0·12). Following truncal and selective vagotomies the triphasic waveform of the pacesetter potential changed to a sinusoidal shape. No significant change in the mean preoperative frequency of the myoelectrical activity (3·03 cpm ± 0·08) occurred after vagotomy. Thus the changes in the electrical activity of the stomach are related to the extent of the vagal denervation. Intravenous administration of insulin did not alter these patterns except after highly selective vagotomy when the amplitude of the electrical waves, the incidence of action potentials, and percentage motor activity were increased.
Experimental designs for mixtures of chemicals along fixed ratio rays.
Authors: Stephanie L Meadows, Chris Gennings, W Hans Carter, Dong-Soon Bae
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Experimental design is important when studying mixtures/combinations of chemicals. The traditional approach for studying mixtures/combinations of multiple chemicals involves response surface methodology, often supported by factorial designs. Although such an approach permits the investigation of both the effects of individual chemicals and their interactions, the number of design points needed to study the chemical mixtures becomes prohibitive when the number of compounds increases. Fixed ratio ray designs have been developed to reduce the amount of experimental effort when interest can be restricted to a specific ray. We focus on the design and analysis issues involved in studying mixtures/combinations of compounds along fixed ratio rays of the compounds. To obtain the inference regarding the interactions among the compounds, we show that the only data required are those along the fixed ratio ray.
Cutaneous fungal infection following renal transplantation: a case control study
Authors: D. SHUTTLEWORTH, C.M. PHILPOT, J.R. SALAMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The prevalence of cutaneous fungal infection was studied in 72 patients who had undergone renal transplantation and compared with a group of age and sex matched controls. Samples were obtained from toe nails, toe webs, and the upper back; clinically suspicious lesions from other areas were also examined. A total of 576 sites were sampled (288 in each group). Pathogenic fungi were identified from 44 sites (15%) in the renal transplant (RT) group compared with 26 sites (9%) in the control group, (P less than 0.05). However, site-specific differences were less marked; no difference was found between the RT group and controls when the results from the toe nails and toe webs were analysed separately. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common species isolated from both groups. Colonization of the back with Pityrosporum yeasts was significantly more common in the RT group, but few patients in either group had tinea versicolor. 'Mixed infections', with more than one species of fungus isolated in an individual, were only found in the RT group. We also examined the relationship between the presence of fungal infection and the presence or absence of cutaneous malignancy in the renal transplant group. No increase in the prevalence of fungal colonization was found in those patients who had developed cutaneous malignancy compared with those who had not.
Statistical association between cancer incidence and major-cause mortality, and estimated residential exposure to air emissions from petroleum and chemical plants.
Authors: J Kaldor, J A Harris, E Glazer, S Glaser, R Neutra, R Mayberry, V Nelson, L Robinson, D Reed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

An ecologic study design was used to investigate the relationship between exposure to air emissions produced by the petroleum and chemical industries, and average annual cancer incidence and major cause mortality rates among whites in Contra Costa County, California. Estimates for the exposure to major industrial sources of sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen were used to subdivide the county by level of exposure to petroleum refinery and chemical plant emissions. Cancer incidence and major cause mortality rates were then calculated for whites in each of the exposure areas. In both males and females, residential exposure to petroleum and chemical air emissions was associated with an increased incidence of cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx. In males, age-adjusted incidence rates for cancers of the stomach, lung, prostate and kidney and urinary organs were also associated with petroleum and chemical plant air emission exposures. In both sexes, we found a strong positive association between degree of residential exposure and death rates from cardiovascular disease and cancer, and a less strong positive association between exposure and death rates from cerebrovascular disease. There was also a positive association in men for deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. Although these observed associations occurred across areas of similar socioeconomic and broad occupational class, confounding variables and the "ecologic fallacy" must be considered as possible explanations. In particular, the stronger findings in men suggest an occupational explanation of the cancer incidence trends, and the effect observed in cirrhosis mortality suggests that lifestyle variables such as alcohol consumption were not adequately controlled for. While the public health implications of our findings remain unclear, the evidence presented is sufficient to warrant follow-up studies based on individual data in which possible biases can be more readily controlled.
Medical Law, Medical Ethics
Authors: Paul J. Reitemeier
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> As a teacher of medical ethics, I have found it increasingly difficult to find cogent ways to explain the relevant differences between law and ethics to medical students. The article by Orentlicher,<sup>1</sup>though generally helpful and informative, contains a most startling sentence that will serve to complicate this issue further: "In the absence of state law to the contrary, physicians and family members may act in accordance with good medical practice and the ethical standards of medicine." Statements such as this can generate widespread confusion, especially when they issue from the Office of the General Counsel of the American Medical Association. I do not know what Dr Orentlicher could possibly have intended by such a claim, but the implication that ethical behavior is (or ought to be) delimited by state law is clearly false. Without an explanatory argument to support it, I can only conclude
The effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and derivatives on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in human monocytes.
Authors: J A Sandler, R I Clyman, V C Manganiello, M Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The effects of several putative mediators of inflammatory responses on the cyclic nucleotide content of mononuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood were investigated. Incubation of mononuclear cells with 100 muM serotonin (a maximally effective concentration) for 5 min caused a five- to eightfold increase in their content of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)...
Prognostic Significance of Valvular Involvement in Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein, Rodolfo Di Massa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

PATIENTS who are convalescing from rheumatic fever either do or do not have heart disease. Of those who do not, some will later have signs of it. The studies1 2 3 4 5 that demonstrated this phenomenon suggested that the diagnosis "potential heart disease" be given to all rheumatic patients who do not have obvious cardiac damage because those in whom an abnormality eventually developed could not be initially distinguished from those who remained free of it.This distinction has considerable clinical and psychologic importance, but it could not be made by the existing studies because of several difficulties. In the first place the . . .
Acute hypervolaemia increases gastroduodenal resistance to the flow of liquid in the rat.
Authors: J Xavier-Neto, A A dos Santos, F H Rola
Journal: Gut (1990)

The effect of volume expansion of extracellular fluid on gastroduodenal resistance to the flow of isotonic saline was assessed in three groups of rats using intravenous infusions of isotonic, isotonic-isoncotic, and isotonic-isoncotic-isohaemic solutions. The gastroduodenal segment of 29 male Wistar rats was barostatically perfused at a constant pressure gradient of 4 cm H2O and changes in flow (ml/minute) were taken as a reflection of changes in gastroduodenal resistance. Isotonic expansion led to a 33% drop in gastroduodenal flow compared with the normovolaemic period in the same animals (p less than 0.01). Extracellular fluid expansion with isotonic-isoncotic and isotonic-isoncotic-isohaemic solutions was associated with reductions in gastroduodenal flow of 29% (p less than 0.05) and 31% (p less than 0.01) respectively. The increase in gastroduodenal resistance is due to hypervolaemia per se and not to haemodilution, decreases in plasma oncotic pressure, or electrolyte imbalance. The effect of hypervolaemia on gastroduodenal resistance, which was reversed by small haemorrhages (0.5-1.0 ml per 100 g body weight), may be due to changes in tonus or phasic motor activity, or both, and may be part of the homeostatic processes that help the organism minimise liquid volume excess.
Abstract 3263: Synthesis of substituted N-(4-(6-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl) benzamide/benzenesulfonamide as anticancer agents
Authors: Said M. Farah, Madhavi Gangapuram, Nelly Mateeva, Bereket Mochona, Tiffany W. Ardley, Kinfe K. Redda
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract There is a strong association between chronic inflammatory conditions in a particular organ and the incidence of cancer specific to that organ. The longer the inflammation persists, the higher is the risk of associated carcinogenesis. Our interest is to synthesis new, potent and safer anticancer agents. The functionalized tetrahydropyridine (THP) ring systems are widely found in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. The pharmacological activities of the THP derivatives depended greatly on the position and nature of the substitutions on the THP ring structure. 2-Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and cycloxygenase inhibiting activities. It is believed that synthesizing new compounds that contain both the pharmacophores of THP and benzimidazole could have the potential of becoming effective anticancer agents. 6-Methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole was obtained by the reaction of isonicotinc acid, 4-methyl benzene-1,2-diamine and polyphosphoric acid, which were stirred in an oil bath at 180oC for 2h. Mesitylene sulfonyl chloride was added with stirring to a solution of ethylacetohydroxymate and triethylamine in dimethylformamide at 0o C. Hydrolysis of this compound with the mixture of p-dioxane and 70% perchloric acid for 45 min gave a white solid of MSH. The MSH reacted with 6-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole to give 1-amino-4-(6-methyl-1H-benzo[d]- imidazol-2-yl) pyridinium mesitylenesulfonate, which further reacted with different substituted benzoyl chlorides/benzenesulfonyl chlorides in 10% NaOH solution to gave stable benzoyl/benzenesulfonyl imino ylides. These ylides were reduced using sodium borohydride in absolute ethanol and gave the target compounds, substituted N-(4-(6-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)benzamide/benzenesulfonamides. The cytotoxic effects of these substituted THP derivatives were determined using the MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells, and Ishikawa cells, using the CellTiter-Glo (CTG) luminescent cell viability assay. Two target molecules exhibited strong cytotoxicity activities with significant IC50 values on MCF-7, Ishikawa and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This research was supported by the NIH/RCMI Grant G12RR03020 and Pharmaceutical Research Center NIH/NCRR Grant 1 C06 RR12512-01. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3263
Hypoxia Enhances the Replication of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Manish K Aghi, Ta-Chiang Liu, Samuel Rabkin, Robert L Martuza
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Hypoxia contributes to the resistance of tumors to conventional therapies. We hypothesized that their replication in hypoxic environments like brain or oral mucosa would make oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) such as G207 (which has undergone clinical trials) replicate to a greater extent in hypoxic tumors like glioblastoma. Hypoxic cultured U87 cells yielded 4% more wild-type HSV (P = 0.04) and 3.6-fold more G207 (P = 0.001) after 48 hours of infection when compared with normoxic cells. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed a fivefold hypoxia-induced U87 upregulation of GADD34 mRNA, a factor complementing the γ34.5 gene deletion in G207. The viral yield under conditions of hypoxia, as against normoxia, in GADD34 siRNA-treated U87 cells was 65% of that in control siRNA-treated cells. Treating subcutaneous U87 tumors in athymic mice with erythropoietin lowered the tumoral hypoxic fraction from 57.5 to 24.5%. Tumoral hypoxia dropped to 2.5% during 4 hours/day of hyperbaric chamber treatment. Each tumor-oxygenating maneuver reduced the G207 yield fourfold (P = 0.0001). Oncolytic HSV G207 exhibited enhanced replication in hypoxic environments, partly on account of increased GADD34 expression in hypoxic cells. The unique tropism of oncolytic HSVs for hypoxic environments contrasts with the hypoxia-mediated impairment of standard (radiation, chemotherapy) and other experimental therapies, and enhances HSV's appeal and efficacy in treating tumors like glioblastoma. Hypoxia contributes to the resistance of tumors to conventional therapies. We hypothesized that their replication in hypoxic environments like brain or oral mucosa would make oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) such as G207 (which has undergone clinical trials) replicate to a greater extent in hypoxic tumors like glioblastoma. Hypoxic cultured U87 cells yielded 4% more wild-type HSV (P = 0.04) and 3.6-fold more G207 (P = 0.001) after 48 hours of infection when compared with normoxic cells. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed a fivefold hypoxia-induced U87 upregulation of GADD34 mRNA, a factor complementing the γ34.5 gene deletion in G207. The viral yield under conditions of hypoxia, as against normoxia, in GADD34 siRNA-treated U87 cells was 65% of that in control siRNA-treated cells. Treating subcutaneous U87 tumors in athymic mice with erythropoietin lowered the tumoral hypoxic fraction from 57.5 to 24.5%. Tumoral hypoxia dropped to 2.5% during 4 hours/day of hyperbaric chamber treatment. Each tumor-oxygenating maneuver reduced the G207 yield fourfold (P = 0.0001). Oncolytic HSV G207 exhibited enhanced replication in hypoxic environments, partly on account of increased GADD34 expression in hypoxic cells. The unique tropism of oncolytic HSVs for hypoxic environments contrasts with the hypoxia-mediated impairment of standard (radiation, chemotherapy) and other experimental therapies, and enhances HSV's appeal and efficacy in treating tumors like glioblastoma.
The Activity of Sunitinib against Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Seems to be Distinct from Its Antiangiogenic Effects
Authors: Marco Seandel, Jinru Shia, Irina Linkov, Robert G. Maki, Cristina R. Antonescu, Jakob Dupont
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the work of Prenen et al. ([1][1], [2][2]), which revealed that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib/SU11248 (Sutent; Pfizer, New York, NY), targeting KIT/CD117, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R), platelet-derived growth factor
A New Suture for the Intestine, Mesentery, Etc
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1898)

IN operatioijs upon the abdomen all surgeons of experience will agree that aiiy saving of time compatible withl accuracy of mianiiipulation is a most important factor in success.The use of smnall needles witlhin the abdomen, whether straight or curved, wlether lheld like Hagedorn's in forceps, or in the fingers as in the -case of ordinary sewing needles, has always required much time, whether for threadinig, hanidiing, or fixing
Certification of cause of death in patients dying soon after proximal femoral fracture
Authors: S J Calder, G H Anderson, P J Gregg
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Certification of cause of death has been a legal obligation for medical practitioners since 18741 and has been central to our knowledge of the incidence of fatal diseases. To assess whether certified cause of death reflects the well documented high mortality after fracture of the proximal femur,2 we reviewed the certification of cause of death in patients who died soon after such injuries. If a fracture is mentioned on the death certificate as contributory to death the registrar of deaths has a duty to report it to the coroner and the coroner must hold an inquest. We suspected that the need for an inquest might act as a barrier to doctors recording fractures on the death certificate.

We collected data prospectively in 1991-2 …
In long-term benzodiazepine users, primary care–based, structured, tapering interventions reduced use
Authors: Gregory A. Hinrichsen, Rosanne M. Leipzig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Vicens C, Bejarano F, Sempere E, et al. Comparative efficacy of two interventions to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use: cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;204:471-9. 24526745
Essays on Faith Sought
Authors: CLAUDE A. FRAZIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Essays on Faith SoughtCLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.CLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-784_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am planning to edit a book with the tentative titleNotable Physicians and Their Faithand am seeking contributors to this book. I believe that physicianscanand wouldwantto share their faith, for the benefit of other physicians and the public. Anyone interested in contributing to this book, please write to me at the address below.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 4-C Doctor's Park Asheville, NC 28801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 784-784 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tissue Factor Activity in Lymphocyte Cultures from Normal Individuals and Patients with Hemophilia A
Authors: Frederick R. Rickles, John A. Hardin, Frances A. Pitlick, Leon W. Hoyer, Marcel E. Conrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The procoagulant material of lymphocytes has been characterized as tissue factor. Lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or the purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacillus developed procoagulant activity with incubation in tissue culture. While this material corrected the prolonged clotting time of factor VIII (AHF) deficient plasma, we have shown, utilizing a sensitive radioimmunoassay, that no AHF antigen was present in the cell cultures. Further, we have demonstrated this material to be tissue factor by coagulation techniques and immunological cross-reactivity. The published data regarding factor VIII synthesis is reviewed in light of these observations and comments are made regarding the role of the lymphocyte procoagulant.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Neoplasia of the Reticuloendothelium
Authors: BERNARD PIROFSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two hundred thirty-four cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia were analyzed, and 114 examples of neoplasia of the reticuloendothelium were found. The temporal sequence of this association was examined. In 31.6% of the cases both states were simultaneously discovered. The neoplastic process preceded autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 61.4% of the series. In 7 patients with 8 neoplastic growths (a prevalence of 7%) autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurred before neoplasia. It is suggested that neither autoimmune hemolytic anemia nor reticuloendothelial neoplasia is directly involved in creating the other state. The hypothesis is developed that an immunologic aberration is present in such patients that prevents the establishment of a normal immune homeostatic mechanism. The survival of immunocompetent cells, which have been modified by viruses or somatic mutation, in the face of a defective immune apparatus may result in either autoimmune hemolytic anemia, reticuloendothelial neoplasia, or both conditions. In addition, such an abnormality may also lead to other associated neoplastic and autoimmune disease processes.
Maintenance treatment with interferon alpha-2b in multiple myeloma: a prospective randomized study from PETHEMA (Program for the Study and Treatment of Hematological Malignancies, Spanish Society of Hematology)
Authors: J Bladé, JF San Miguel, ML Escudero, M Fontanillas, J Besalduch, S Gardella, J Arias, J García-Conde, M Carnero, JM Marti, C Rozman, J Estapé, E Montserrat
Journal: Leukemia (1998)