tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indian doctors demand better second line treatment for patients with drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2009)

India’s national tuberculosis control programme is providing inappropriate drugs to thousands of patients, amplifying the public health hazard posed by multidrug resistant tuberculosis, sections of India’s medical community have said.

Doctors campaigning for change want drug sensitivity tests given to patients when initial treatment fails so that individualised treatment can be given.

The initial course of treatment given to patients in India consists of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. If these fail patients are given a regimen that consists simply of adding streptomycin to the original four.

The programme, managed by the health ministry and based on the directly observed treatment, short course strategy, provides drugs each year to about 1.5 million patients and has a success rate of 85%.

But among 19 436 patients who received the retreatment course in 2006 after failing previous treatment, the cure rate was only …
Retinal Hemangioblastoma in von Hippel–Lindau Disease
Authors: Ana Bastos-Carvalho, Bertil Damato
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

An 18-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of visual loss in the right eye. Visual acuity was 20/100 in the affected eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopy revealed an orange–yellow tumor (Panel A, arrow) with tortuous feeding vessels and optic-disk edema (Panel A, arrowhead), indicating retinal hemangioblastoma. The patient underwent ruthenium plaque radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, which induced complete tumor regression and sclerosis of the dilated vessels (Panel B). After treatment, the visual acuity improved, to 20/70. A systemic evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, computed tomography of the abdomen, and measurement of urinary . . .
Islet cell antibodies predict insulin-dependent diabetes in United States school age children as powerfully as in unaffected relatives.
Authors: D Schatz, J Krischer, G Horne, W Riley, R Spillar, J Silverstein, W Winter, A Muir, D Derovanesian, S Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Islet cell antibodies (ICA) in the sera of nondiabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) are predictive of the disease, a finding that permits the design of intervention strategies to prevent it. However, 85% or more of patients with new onset IDD have no affected relative. We therefore screened 9,696 schoolchildren between the ages of 5 and 18 yr (mean age 10.7 yr) in Pasco County, Florida for ICA in three surveys during 1984/5, 1987/8, and 1990/1 and have followed them prospectively. Approximately 4,000 of these children have been followed for nearly 8 yr. ICA titers > or = 10 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units on replicate tests were detected in 57 of the children (0.59%). 10 children have developed diabetes so far, and all had ICA detected beforehand. The likelihood of developing IDD among the ICA-positive children was compared with 2,959 age-matched nondiabetic first degree relatives of IDD probands who were screened for ICA by our laboratory during the same time period and also followed prospectively. Of 103 (3.5%) ICA-positive relatives, 31 have developed IDD. Life table analysis reveals no statistically significant differences in the probability of developing IDD between the ICA-positive schoolchildren and ICA-positive first degree relatives (P = 0.3). The estimated risk of developing IDD by 7 yr in the ICA-positive schoolchildren was 45% (95% confidence interval 15-74%) compared with 43% (confidence interval 22-63%) in the relatives. We conclude that ICA appear to be as predictive of IDD in low-risk schoolchildren as they are in high-risk relatives. These data suggest that it is feasible to predict IDD by screening a general population of schoolchildren for ICA and that those found to be positive could be considered, in addition to relatives, for intervention protocols to prevent the disease.
Evaluation of canine left ventricular contractility
Authors: G. BENZING, J. STOCKERT, E. NAVE, Y. G. TSUEI, S. KAPLAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

After exposure of the hearts of eight dogs to a total of 45 min of myocardial ischaemia during cardiopulmonary bypass, mean left ventricular hydraulic output power (MLVP) decreased to an average of 49·5% of the original value and Vmax to 95·2% of its original value. During a constant intravenous infusion of isoproterenol, MLVP and Vmax expressed as a percentage of the depressed value noted after ischaemia, increased to an average of 229 and 164%, respectively. During epinephrine infusion MLVP and Vmax increased to an average of 171 and 123%, respectively, relative to the post-ischaemic levels. MLVP was shown to quantitate practically all of the mechanical output power of the left ventricle. Thus, if preload, afterload, and heart rate are controlled, MLVP should be representative of the contractile state of the left ventricle. Since changes of Vmax in response to positive and negative inotropic intervention did not correlate with MLVP, we concluded Vmax did not accurately reflect quantitative change of the contractile state of the left ventricle.
Abstract 1685: Ginsenoside compound K inhibits colorectal tumorigenesis via multiple pathways including ATM/p53-p21
Authors: Zhiyu Zhang, Guang-Jian Du, Chong-Zhi Wang, Zejuan Li, Chun-Su Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract To date, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies in the United States. Health benefits derived from medicinal plants have been investigated for years. Ginseng has been shown to induce diverse pharmacological effects mediated predominantly by saponins, a type of ginsenoside contained in ginseng. Compound K (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, CK), an intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, has been shown to inhibit cell growth in a variety of tumors. However, the detailed mechanism, especially the effects of CK on cell cycle regulation in CRC cells, has not been examined. In addition, it is uncertain whether CK can inhibit colorectal tumor growth in vivo. In this study, we observed that CK significantly inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells in athymic nude mouse xenograft models. Quantitative analysis revealed that CK significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth from the 3rd week after CK administration (p&amp;lt;0.001); the higher dose (30mg/kg) of CK treatment exhibited a stronger effect than the lower dose (15mg/kg)(p&amp;lt;0.001). Using MTS assay, we showed that CK significantly inhibited the viability of human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-116, HT-29 and SW480 in a dose- and time-dependent manner(with IC50 at around 10, 25, and 25uM respectively, p&amp;lt;0.01). In a flow cytometry assay, it was shown that CK could significantly induce HCT-116 cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase. By screening with cell cycle and cell signal PCR arrays, some of the most relevant genes(such as CDKs/cyclins, BCL2, E2F4, p21CDKN1A, p15CDKN2B, TP53, etc.) and signal transduction pathways(such as p53, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, pathways) were shown to be transcriptionally regulated after CK exposure. Western blots showed that the major regulated targets of CK are cyclin dependent inhibitors, including p21, p27, and p15. CK-induced colorectal cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were related to the up-regulation of p53/p21, FoxO3a-p27/p15, Smad3, etc and down-regulation of cdc25A, CDK4/6 and cyclin D1/3 as well. Taken together, the results indicate that CK inhibits transcriptional activation of multiple tumor-promoting pathways in colorectal cancer, which suggest that CK could be useful for the prevention or treatment of CRC. Key words: Colorectal cancer, Ginsenoside, xenograft tumor, p53/p21, cell cycle arrest Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1685. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1685
TEM8 Interacts with the Cleaved C5 Domain of Collagen α3(VI)
Authors: Akash Nanda, Eleanor B. Carson-Walter, Steven Seaman, Thomas D. Barber, Jason Stampfl, Sujay Singh, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Brad St. Croix
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Tumor endothelial marker (TEM)8 was uncovered as a gene expressed predominantly in tumor endothelium, and its protein product was recently identified as the receptor for anthrax toxin. Here, we demonstrate that TEM8 protein is preferentially expressed in endothelial cells of neoplastic tissue. We used the extracellular domain of TEM8 to search for ligands and identified the alpha 3 subunit of collagen VI as an interacting partner. The TEM8-interacting region on collagen alpha 3(VI) was mapped to its COOH-terminal C5 domain. Remarkably, collagen alpha 3(VI) is also preferentially expressed in tumor endothelium in a pattern concordant with that of TEM8. These results suggest that the TEM8/C5 interaction may play an important biological role in tumor angiogenesis.
A CORK NASAL SPLINT.
Authors: HAROLD WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The ordinary Asch or Mayer hard rubber splint used after operations on the nasal septum is by no means a comfortable thing to wear. Its anterior lower edge projects conspicuously, while its upper edge, by its constant pressure, generally makes the tip of the nose very tender and painful. Some metallic splints I have seen are cleverly contrived, but the patient is unpleasantly conscious of their weight, and I am not sure but they have a tendency to fall out of the nose. Cork seems to offer, by its lightness and elasticity, some decided advantages, and I have made and used some splints of this material which have proved very satisfactory. The surgeon may make them for himself, with the aid of a sharp knife, a file and some sandpaper. A hole is bored through a piece of cork of proper size by means of a perforator, and the splint
Limited Tolerance of Ofloxacin and Pyrazinamide Prophylaxis against Tuberculosis
Authors: David L. Horn, Dial Hewlett, Celia Alfalla, Stephen Peterson, Steven M. Opal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: An outbreak of tuberculosis resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethambutol occurred in our institution1 in association with conversions among our health care workers ...
Compliance with QUOROM and quality of reporting of overlapping meta-analyses on the role of acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast associated nephropathy: case study
Authors: Giuseppe G L Biondi-Zoccai, Marzia Lotrionte, Antonio Abbate, Luca Testa, Enrico Remigi, Francesco Burzotta, Marco Valgimigli, Enrico Romagnoli, Filippo Crea, Pierfrancesco Agostoni
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To appraise multiple systematic reviews on the same clinical topic, focusing on predictors and correlates of quality of reporting of meta-analysis (QUOROM) scores. <b>Design</b> Case study. <b>Setting</b> Reviews providing at least individual quantitative estimates on role of acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast associated nephropathy. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed, the database of abstracts of reviews of effects, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews (updated March 2005). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Funding, compliance with the QUOROM checklist, scores on the Oxman and Guyatt quality index, and authors9 recommendations. <b>Results</b> 10 systematic reviews, published August 2003 to March 2005, were included. Nine pooled events despite heterogeneity and five recommended routine use of acetylcysteine, whereas the remaining studies called for further research. Compliance with the 18 items on the QUOROM checklist was relatively high (median 16, range 11 to 17), although shorter manuscripts had significantly lower scores (R = 0.73; P = 0.016). Reviewers who reported previous not for profit funding were more likely to score higher on the Oxman and Guyatt quality index. No association was found between QUOROM and Oxman and Guyatt scores (R = −0.06; P = 0.86), mainly because of greater emphasis of the Oxman and Guyatt scores on the appraisal of bias in selection and validity assessment (inadequate in five reviews). <b>Conclusions</b> Multiple systematic reviews on the same clinical topic varied in quality of reporting and recommendations. Longer manuscripts and previous not for profit funding were associated with higher quality.
Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases from Testicular Tumours
Authors: G. M. Rees, W. P. Cleland
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Isolated pulmonary metastases from testicular tumours were treated by surgery in nine patients. Six are alive and well with no clinical evidence of recurrence. Three of the survivors were operated on more than 10 years ago. Surgical treatment should be considered in such patients, particularly as the metastases are often solitary and may be better differentiated histologically than the primary tumour. Mortality and morbidity rates after thoracotomy are minimal.
T4 Safety and expression of a single dose of lipid-mediated CFTR gene therapy to the upper and lower airways of patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: G. Davies, J. C. Davies, D. R. Gill, S. C. Hyde, C. Boyd, J. A. Innes, D. J. Porteous, S. H. Cheng, R. K. Scheule, T. Higgins, U. Griesenbach, E. W. F. W. Alton
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> We undertook a clinical trial of non-viral <i>CFTR</i> gene therapy assessing safety, dose and transgene expression in preparation for a Multi-dose trial (MDT) designed to assess clinical efficacy. <h3>Methods</h3> A single nebulised and/or nasal dose of plasmid <i>CFTR</i> (pGM169)/GL67A was delivered to patients aged =16 years with a baseline FEV1 &gt;60% predicted. Clinical and laboratory parameters were measured at intervals until day 28. A cohort of patients also underwent pre- and post-dosing (day 6 or 14) bronchoscopies for functional (airway potential difference (PD)) and molecular (QRT-PCR) evidence of vector-specific <i>CFTR</i> expression. Patients receiving a nasal dose underwent brushings for QRT-PCR and serial nasal PD measurements. <h3>Results</h3> 35 patients received a nebulised dose of 20 ml (n=17), 10 ml (n=10) or 5 ml (n=8). A short-lived, dose-related drop in FEV1 was observed over the next 6 h (mean [SD]: 20 ml 25.7 [10.2]%; 10 ml 17.7 [9.9]%; 5 ml 13.0 [4.4]% of baseline). Subjects also experienced a systemic inflammatory response which was similarly dose-related and generally limited to the first 24–48 h post-dosing. A cohort of 6 patients (4@10 ml; 2@5 ml) received 4 g paracetamol over an 18-h period post-dosing; none of these patients developed a fever. Intriguingly, these subjects also appeared to have reduced systemic inflammatory responses. Molecular (mRNA) evidence of gene transfer was observed in some individuals from upper or lower airway brushings. On lower airway PD measurement, the majority of patients showed an increase towards non-CF values after nebulised gene therapy. 19 patients received a 2 ml nasal dose and 11 (58%) had some response in chloride secretion on nasal PD. In the two most positive individuals, responses were within the normal (non-CF) range and persisted to days 63 and 91, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We consider the side effects after 20 ml nebulised dose excessive for repeated application. Those at 10 and 5 ml were more acceptable. Gene expression was confirmed in some patients, and restoration of CFTR function to the non-CF range has been observed out to 13 weeks following a single nasal dose. These data support progression of this agent to MDT.
Myoglobinuria Associated with Persistence of Fetal Myoglobin.
Authors: F. L. Benoit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Myoglobinuria Associated with Persistence of Fetal Myoglobin.F. L. Benoit, G. B. Theil, M.D., R. H. WattenF. L. BenoitSearch for more papers by this author, G. B. Theil, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. H. WattenSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-728_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe presence of a fetal form of myoglobin has been demonstrated in newborn human infants, and it has been shown that this protein is completely replaced by adult myoglobin during the first few months of life. Previous investigators have demonstrated differences in electrophoretic mobility, absorption spectrum, and ammonium sulfate solubility between these two forms of human myoglobin. Recently, three patients with clinical syndromes of intermittent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria have been studied here, and it was found that their urinary myoglobin migrated by electrophoresis to the same area as purified fetal myoglobin. In addition, the urinary protein was less soluble in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. L. Benoit; G. B. Theil, M.D.; R. H. Watten PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4 Page: 728-729 Keywords Infants Proteins Rhabdomyolysis Sulfates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women
Authors: Michael Falola
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters15 January 2013Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid WomenMichael Falola, MD, MPHMichael Falola, MD, MPHFrom University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The abstract of O'Halloran and colleagues' recent article (1) stated that “continence was slightly more common in students than in nonstudents” and that the highest rates of urinary incontinence (UI) were reported by those who were ever sexually active and were not using combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Although I can think of how increased sexual activity and lack of use of oral contraceptives can be indirectly linked to increased rates of UI, I cannot figure out how being a student can be linked to this condition. Unfortunately, the authors did not explain this finding in their discussion.... Reference1. O'Halloran T, Bell RJ, Robinson PJ, Davis SR. Urinary incontinence in young nulligravid women: a cross-sectional analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:87-93. [PMID: 22801671] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUrinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Tessa O'Halloran , Robin J. Bell , Penelope J. Robinson , and Susan R. Davis Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Ashish K. Tiwari Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Susan R. Davis , Penelope J. Robinson , and Robin J. Bell Metrics 15 January 2013Volume 158, Issue 2Page: 138KeywordsConflicts of interestFactor analysisHuman sexual behaviorOral contraceptive therapy ePublished: 15 January 2013 Issue Published: 15 January 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Statins and the Risk of Cancer
Authors: Robin E. Duncan, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Michael C. Archer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Virgil Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Of all the many illnesses encompassed by the word "cancer," perhaps none is more challenging to the medical practitioner than Hodgkin disease. Basic and applied research and thoughtful clinical observation have enabled the physician to offer potentially curative treatment in many cases and meaningful palliation in most others. With his coauthors, Dr Lacher surveys in considerable detail the current state of the art and the science of management of this complex disease. Schottenfeld provides a concise and yet detailed overview of the epidemiology of Hodgkin disease, which poses more questions than answers. Several chapters on diagnostic methods and staging procedures by Ultmann and others present an exciting but obviously demanding script for the physician to follow in attempting to define the type and extent of disease involvement. One should not overlook the discussion of splenectomy and the controversy over its role in the staging evaluation of patients with Hodgkin disease.
More Thoughts on Chagas' Disease
Authors: MICHAEL M. STEWART
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974More Thoughts on Chagas' DiseaseMICHAEL M. STEWART, M.D., F.A.C.P.MICHAEL M. STEWART, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-118_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In reference to "Thoughts on Chagas' Disease" (Annals of Internal Medicine 79:534, 1973):Doctor Shearn, with his linesOn the kissing bug's bite,Has detailed a diurnalTropical rite,An affair of the heart.But his words, though euphonic,Have failed to encompassEncroachments colonic.These bugs carry passengers,Wily though small,Who while touching the heartCan still play guts ball....Reference1. SHEARN M: Thoughts on Chagas' disease. Ann Intern Med 79:534, 1973 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL M. STEWART, M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1 Page: 118-118 Keywords Cardiovascular therapy Chagas disease Heart ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
An Upper-arm Splint with Shoulder Yoke as Main Support
Authors: J. Kvittingen
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MTDL BRJITISNL but no other fundus changes.The urine was normal and the blood count gave 3;800,000 red cellsand 50% haemoglobin.Four months later tlhe visioIl had recovered completely and the fundi were no-rmal.The blood had improved to 4,500,000 red cells and 80% of haemoglobin.It would be interesting to know if any cases have been observed in the present war.