tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FATAL CASE OF INFECTIOUS JAUNDICE IN THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES
Authors: W. B. Orme
Journal: BMJ (1908)

AN account, however incomplete, which will tend to render the distribution of some of the rarer diseases more accurate is in itself useful, and this is my reaEon for publishing these few notes on a case I believe to be infectious jaundice.The identity of infectious jaundice with Weil's disease-originally described by Well of Heidelberg In 1886-is, I believe, doubtful, the latter being at any rate a much milder complaint.Up to the present time the disease has been supposed to be limited to the Mediterranean basiin, cases being reported from Egypt, Syria, Turkey, and Greece.Exactly the same statement was made, not so very long ago, as regards Malta fever, until Bruce's discovery in 1887 made It possible to demonstrate the disease In places as far apart as India, China, the West Indies, Brazll, the United States, and even in England.During eight years' practice in Port Said, Egypt, I can recall four fairly definite cases of infectious jaundice, and now, having been in this country ,only four months, I believe I have already seen two cases of a similar nature.Of one of these cases I will give an account, it having been rather more fully Investigated than the other.The patient, a sohoolmaster, 29 years of age, had lived in the Federated Malay States since 1902.Syphilitic infection had taken place some months (exact period not known) previous to his illness.The course of the case was as follows:March 28th, 1907.Malaise and slight fever.
Renal effects of uranium in drinking water.
Authors: Päivi Kurttio, Anssi Auvinen, Laina Salonen, Heikki Saha, Juha Pekkanen, Ilona Mäkeläinen, Sari B Väisänen, Ilkka M Penttilä, Hannu Komulainen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Animal studies and small studies in humans have shown that uranium is nephrotoxic. However, more information about its renal effects in humans following chronic exposure through drinking water is required. We measured uranium concentrations in drinking water and urine in 325 persons who had used drilled wells for drinking water. We measured urine and serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, glucose, albumin, creatinine, and beta-2-microglobulin to evaluate possible renal effects. The median uranium concentration in drinking water was 28 microg/L (interquartile range 6-135, max. 1,920 microg/L) and in urine 13 ng/mmol creatinine (2-75), resulting in the median daily uranium intake of 39 microg (7-224). Uranium concentration in urine was statistically significantly associated with increased fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate. Increase of uranium in urine by 1 microg/mmol creatinine increased fractional excretion of calcium by 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-2.3], phosphate by 13% (1.4-25), and glucose excretion by 0.7 micromol/min (-0.4-1.8). Uranium concentrations in drinking water and daily intake of uranium were statistically significantly associated with calcium fractional excretion, but not with phosphate or glucose excretion. Uranium exposure was not associated with creatinine clearance or urinary albumin, which reflect glomerular function. In conclusion, uranium exposure is weakly associated with altered proximal tubulus function without a clear threshold, which suggests that even low uranium concentrations in drinking water can cause nephrotoxic effects. Despite chronic intake of water with high uranium concentration, we observed no effect on glomerular function. The clinical and public health relevance of the findings are not easily established, but our results suggest that the safe concentration of uranium in drinking water may be within the range of the proposed guideline values of 2-30 microg/L.
CASE OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN A HAEMOPHILIC
Authors: B. H. Kingsford
Journal: BMJ (1908)

AN' ileal variety of intussusception (which according to .:Leichens,ternoccurs in only 8 per cent. of cases) compli- -cated by containing a Meckel's diverticulum, and occurring Fin a haemophilic, forms a combination sufficiently rare to -merit recording: At 8 p.m., November 24th, 1905, I was called to see a boy, .aged1Y, who had been ill since the previous day, with what was thought to be a " bilious attack," to which he was 'said to "be subject.Family History.His maternal great-grandmother was healthy, but both her -sisters died from haemorrhage in confinements, and both her .brothersdied from haemorrhage.She had five children-four daughters, one of whom died from haemorrhage in her sixth .confinement,and another died from " change of life "I; and one son (patient's grandfather), who, during the first thirty years of life, was a " bleeder."He had one son and three daughters (one .ofwhom was patient's mother), none of whom suffered from -haemophilia.The patient had one brother, a marked haemo- ,philic, and one sister, healthy.F. F. F. M. M. Died from haemor-Died from haemor-Died
Comparison of Central and Peripheral Injection Sites in the Estimation of Cardiac Output by Dye Dilution Curves
Authors: GEORGE A. BOUSVAROS, WILFRED H. PALMER, PAUL SEKELJ, DAURICE MCGREGOR
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The validity of cardiac output values from injections of indicator into a peripheral vein was tested. Dye dilution curves resulting from injections of Coomassie Blue dye alternately from peripheral and central sites were obtained in 20 subjects. Peripheral injections in which the dye was not flushed into the circulaton were in a large percentage of cases unreadable. In those which could be read the area under the curve was larger and the cardiac output on the average 8.5% lower than the values obtained from paired flushed injections. Curves from flushed peripheral injections had larger time components and lower concentration of indicator than those from paired central injections. There was no systematic difference in the cardiac output values derived from the two sites. In man, contamination of the primary curve by recirculation of dye does not seem to cause significant error when the indicator is flushed into the venous system in the manner described.
Emission and transmission brain tomography.
Authors: P J Ell, J M Deacon, D Ducassou, A Brendel
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Comparative emission and transmission brain tomograms were obtained in 209 patients to establish the diagnostic accuracy of a new emission tomographic scanner in detecting space-occupying disease in the brain. Concordant results were obtained in 169 patients (81%). Computed transmission tomography (transmission CT) yielded an overall rate of false-positive results of 0.48% and a false-negative rate of 6%. Emission CT yielded a false-positive rate of 0% and false-negative rates of 2.4% for malignant disease and 10% for vascular disease. The higher rate of false-negative results for vascular disease with emission CT occurs because transmission CT can detect old infarction. The rates of detection of recent vascular disease with emission and trnasmission CT are identical. Thus emission CT is highly sensitive in detecting space-occupying disease in the brain. It represents an ideal screening procedure.
Rectal fistula due to ovarian teratoma
Authors: R. Singh, S. Joshi, H. Hatimi, P. Somani, P. Rath, R. Joshi
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 23-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain for 5 years, passing hairs in her stools for 18 months, and passing hairs in her urine and increased frequency of micturition for 4 months. On clinical examination, no mass was palpable. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a left adnexal echogenic lesion involving the urinary bladder. Examination of the urine revealed pus cells.
Response of Resistant Ventricular Tachycardia to Bretylium
Authors: H. C. COHEN, E. G. GOZO, R. LANGENDORF, B. M. KAPLAN, A. CHAN, A. PICK, G. GLICK
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Ventricular tachycardias were determined to be of either right-or left-sided origin in 25 patients whose arrhythmias were life-threatening and resistant to lidocaine and other antiarrhythmic drugs. All five patients with right ventricular tachycardia responded well to bretylium and survived. Eleven of 20 patients with left ventricular tachycardia did not do well. Four did not respond to bretylium but survived, five had no response and died, and two responded but died when hypotension prevented continued treatment. Eight of these 11 had acute anterior myocardial infarction or ischemia. Of nine patients with left ventricular tachycardia who responded well to bretylium and survived, only two had anterior infarction, and none had anterior ischemia. Because bretylium was efficacious in all patients with right ventricular tachycardia or inferior myocardial infarction in this study, it seems warranted to investigate further the relationship between drug responsiveness and the site of ectopic impulse formation and the location of myocardial disease.
Glucose-induced Alterations in Nerve Metabolism: Current Perspective on the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy and Future Directions for Research and Therapy
Authors: Douglas A Greene, Sarah Lattimer, Jan Ulbrecht, Patricia Carroll
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Recent animal and in vitro studies have identified several interrelated metabolic abnormalities in diabetic nerve that are attributable to elevated ambient glucose concentrations. In combination, these metabolic changes may induce a variety of biochemical and biophysical alterations in peripheral nerve that are highly relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. This article reviews the current status of several of these metabolic defects and describes ways in which their interaction could lead to pathogenetically important changes in nerve metabolism, function, and structure. Areas of related future research are also discussed.
Gout Knowledge, Beliefs and Treatment Practices in a National Sample of US Primary Care Providers
Authors: Leslie R. Harrold, Kathleen M. Mazor, Amarie Negron, Jessica Ogarek, Cassandra L. Firneno, Robert A. Yood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Background  The vast majority of patients with gout are managed by primary care providers. However, little is known regarding these physicians’ knowledge of current gout treatment recommendations and their treatment practices.  Objectives  To examine in a national sample of primary care providers their knowledge, beliefs and self-reported treatment practices with regard to gout management.  Methods  We conducted a national survey of a random sample of 2200 primary care providers (family practitioners and internists) in the United States in 2011. Providers were asked to report their approaches to acute, intercritical, and tophaceous gout based on three vignettes. Reported treatment practices were compared to published European and American gout treatment recommendations.  Results  Eight hundred and thirty eight providers completed the self-administered questionnaire (response rate of 41% after excluding providers who reported not caring for gout patients or we were unable to contact due to incorrect addresses). Responders were more likely than nonresponders to be family practitioners as compared to internists (44% vs. 38%, p=0.01); otherwise they were similar in terms of age, gender, and region of the country. The majority of respondents were male (64%), white (68%), with >16 years in clinical practice (52%), and working over 40 hours a week (52%) in the private practice setting (63%). While 64% of providers reported reading ≥1 article on gout in the last year, only 12% were aware of any recommendations or guidelines on gout management. For the acute management of podagra, 16% would aspirate the joint and 49% counsel on decreasing intake of beef, pork, organ meats, and beer. When compared to the published recommendations, only 16% of providers would provide the suggested medical treatments including avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the setting of renal disease, using colchicine at a dose of ≤1.8 mg a day and not instituting a urate-lowering drug in the setting of an acute attack (internists 21% vs. family practitioners 11%, p  Conclusions  Internists were more likely than family practitioners to report treatment practices consistent with published treatment recommendations; however, the vast majority of both provider types did not report optimal care approaches suggesting further education is needed.  Disclosure of Interest  L. Harrold Grant/Research support from: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, K. Mazor Grant/Research support from: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, A. Negron: None Declared, J. Ogarek Grant/Research support from: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, C. Firneno Grant/Research support from: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, R. Yood Grant/Research support from: Savient Pharmaceuticals: for clinical drug trial;also subinvestigator for a drug trial funded by Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Immunohistochemical identification and characterization of smooth muscle-like cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: K Ohta, R L Mortenson, R A Clark, N Hirose, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The interstitium of the fibrotic lung possesses a contractile capability that is unusual for nonmuscle tissue. An abundance of actin filament-laden cells have been demonstrated in animal and human studies of fibrotic lung tissue and have frequently been termed myofibroblasts. The origin and significance of these cells remain unclear. Proliferation of cells with the capability to contract and thereby generate force within the parenchyma is potentially a significant contribution to the increased lung elastic recoil of advanced pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined these intermediate phenotypes of filament-laden cells with a focus on those expressing smooth muscle-associated isoforms of actin. The monoclonal antibody HHF35 was used to study the presence and distribution of cells expressing alpha and gamma smooth muscle actin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Adjacent sections of tissue from open lung biopsies of eight patients with IPF were stained with a pentachrome stain and with multiple antibodies (HHF35, polyclonal anti-actin, anti-vimentin, anti-keratin, anti-procollagen I, and anti-von Willebrand Factor VIII) to identify specific cell types. In addition, anti-laminin antibody was used to stain basement membrane. Many tightly packed, HHF35-reactive cells were found to be architecturally dissociated from airways and blood vessels in all eight patients with IPF. Some HHF35-reactive bundles were composed of loosely associated cells, and single smooth muscle cell types (SMC) were distributed in the fibrotic interstitium. Interestingly, some of the SMC were distinctly negative for anti-laminin and stained atypically with pentachrome. Moreover, some single SMC were found to be anti-procollagen type I reactive with double staining technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ANTINOSIN IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.
Authors: W. FRANKLIN COLEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

For some time I have felt the need of an antiseptic remedy which would be efficient, and non-irritating to the eye. While formalin is one of our best, if not the best of antiseptics, a solution of even 1 to 5,000 causes considerable pain. The action of sublimate is very superficial, and clinically unsatisfactory. Boric acid and iodoform are only very slightly antiseptic. I have also desired to get some of the properties of iodin, the tincture of which is well known to be curative when applied to ulcus corneæ; on account of its irritative effects its usefulness is very limited. I have recently used antinosin in a considerable number of cases (both in my private and clinical practice) of catarrhal, palpebral and follicular conjunctivitis, phlyctenulæ, ulcus corneæ, blepharitis marginalis, and also in otitis media purulenta. In a 1 to 2 per cent, solution it does not cause pain in
Abstract IA7: Somatic genome alterations in human lung cancers
Authors: Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer is a disease of the genome. High-throughput genome analysis tools now enable the detection of somatic alterations in cancer cells including point mutations, copy number alterations, translocations, and infections. Our approaches include next-generation sequencing of cancer genomes, exomes, and transcriptomes as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array analysis of copy number. As part of “The Cancer Genome Atlas” or TCGA project of the National Institutes of Health, which aims to characterize the genomes of 10,000 human cancers, we are performing genomic analysis of lung carcinomas. In this presentation, I will discuss analysis of the genomes of squamous cell lung carcinomas. New results regarding mutations, genomic structure, and classification will be presented.
Abstract 4543: Identification of downstream targets of polo-like kinase 1 in melanoma by large-scale label-free comparative proteomics profiling
Authors: Brian D. Cholewa, Molly P. Hahn, Cameron O. Scarlett, Nihal Ahmad
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a critical role in the cell cycle by regulating mitotic entry, progression and exit. In recent years, Plk1 has gained considerable attention as a promising mechanism-based therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. Pre-clinical studies have suggested that Plk1 inhibition is capable of reducing cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo with tremendous efficacy and with minimal detriment to normal cells. This evidence has spurred the development of many Plk1-specific inhibitors that has culminated in over 30 clinical trials, either completed or ongoing. However, the remarkable pre-clinical success of Plk1 inhibitors has yet to be validated at the clinical level, thus stressing on an urgent need for a better understanding of Plk1 signaling. In an effort to further elucidate the molecular function of Plk1 inhibitors, we performed a comparative quantitative proteomics strategy to compare the proteome of human melanoma cells (A375) following treatment with the Plk1-specific ATP competitive inhibitor BI 6727 (25 nM, 24 h). We employed label-free nano-LC/MS/MS technology on a Q-exactive followed by SIEVE processing to identify more than 1800 proteins, ≤ 1% false discover rate, 343 of which had significantly altered expression. Using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to select for proteins with more than two unique peptides and greater than a two-fold change, our proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of more than twenty proteins that were significantly dysregulated following Plk1-inhibition, many of which have not been previously shown to be associated with Plk1 signaling. Interestingly, the metabolic and proteasome pathways harbor the greatest portion of differentially expressed proteins, including five subunits of the 20S proteasome core particle and five members of the glycolysis pathway. Given the importance of these two pathways in cancer cell survival, this study provides two potential mechanisms of Plk1 inhibition that have yet to be explored. Further studies are currently ongoing in our laboratory to validate our findings in additional experiments. Citation Format: Brian D. Cholewa, Molly P. Hahn, Cameron O. Scarlett, Nihal Ahmad. Identification of downstream targets of polo-like kinase 1 in melanoma by large-scale label-free comparative proteomics profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4543. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4543
Nuclear factor B inactivation in the rat liver ameliorates short term total warm ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: H Suetsugu, Y Iimuro, T Uehara, T Nishio, N Harada, M Yoshida, E Hatano, G Son, J Fujimoto, Y Yamaoka
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> In hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury, activated liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) are dominantly regulated by a transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), with respect to expression of inflammatory cytokines, acute phase response proteins, and cell adhesion molecules. <b>Aims:</b> We assessed whether inactivation of NFκB in the liver could attenuate total hepatic warm ischaemia/reperfusion injury. <b>Methods:</b> We studied rats with hepatic overexpression of inhibitor κBα super-repressor (IκBα SR) caused by a transgene introduced using an adenoviral vector. Hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury was induced under warm conditions by total occlusion of hepatoduodenal ligament structures for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion. Controls included uninfected and control virus (AdLacZ) infected rats. <b>Results:</b> IκBα SR was overexpressed in Kupffer cells as well as in hepatocytes, blocking nuclear translocation of NFκB (p65) into the nucleus after reperfusion. Gene transfection with IκBα SR, but not with LacZ, markedly attenuated ischaemia/reperfusion injury, suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine expression in the liver. Moreover, no remarkable hepatocyte apoptosis was detected under IκBα SR overexpression. <b>Conclusions:</b> Adenoviral transfer of the IκBα SR gene in the liver ameliorates short term warm ischaemia/reperfusion injury, possibly through attenuation of hepatic macrophage activation.
Effect of clonidine and naloxone on the pressor response during contraction of cat hind-limb muscles
Authors: C. A WILLIAMS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The possible involvement of an adrenergic-endorphin system in the mediation of the pressor response to isometric muscular contraction was studied in cats. Fatiguing contractions of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles caused an increase in the mean arterial blood pressure by 35 to 70 mmHg. Intravenous infusion (30 μg·kg−1) as well as intracisternal injection (2.5 μg) of clonidine-HCl eliminated the pressor response to muscular contraction. In both sets of experiments, the mean blood pressure remained at the resting level throughout the duration of the isometric contraction. Injection of naloxone (0.5 μmol·litre−1) into the cisterna magna did not alter the resting blood pressure and did not affect the rise in mean arterial pressure during muscle contractions. Intracisternal injection of naloxone (0.5 μmol·litre−1) prior to an intracisternal injection of clonidine (2.5 μg) did not alter the resting blood pressure but effectively antagonised the anti-pressor effects of clonidine during fatiguing isometric contractions. These data may indicate that activation of muscle “ergoreceptor” afferents (group III and IV fibres) during muscular contraction may cause an increase in the arterial blood pressure by interfering with an inhibitory adrenergic-endorphinergic pathway in the brainstem.