tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Increase in Carbohydrate Oxidation After Reperfusion Reverses Myocardial Stunning in Conscious Pigs
Authors: Raymond K. Kudej, Lawrence T. White, Amelia B. Kudej, Stephen F. Vatner, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Previous studies have examined only acute effects of enhanced glucose oxidation on postischemic myocardium. The goal of the present study was to examine prolonged functional recovery subsequent to postischemic, intracoronary pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibition with dichloroacetate (DCA) of stunned myocardium in conscious pigs.Myocardial stunning was induced in conscious pigs by coronary stenosis, ie, 40% reduction of coronary blood flow for 90 minutes, followed by full reperfusion. After the initial peak, but during early reactive hyperemia (5 minutes of reperfusion), 1 hour of intracoronary infusion at 20% of measured coronary blood flow was begun using 20 mmol/L [2-(13)C]glucose without (n=4) or with (n=5) 20 mmol/L DCA. Coronary stenosis resulted in similar reduction in wall thickening in both untreated (-53+/-3% from 3.27+/-0.22 mm, n=9) and DCA (-51+/-3% from 3.08+/-0.15 mm, n=5) groups. During reperfusion, DCA increased glucose oxidation 10-fold. In the absence of DCA, myocardial stunning was observed; ie, wall thickening was reduced by 48+/-3% at 1 hour of reperfusion and did not fully recover for 48 hours. In contrast, in DCA pigs, myocardial stunning was ameliorated (P<0.05).Transient metabolic intervention within a clinically relevant time after ischemia eliminates myocardial stunning in conscious pigs during augmented carbohydrate oxidation and provides sustained benefits in contractile recovery.
Elective Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request
Authors: Jeffrey Ecker
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Some pregnant women prefer cesarean delivery and request it without maternal or fetal indication rather than proceeding with a plan for vaginal delivery.To review approaches for counseling women who ask for cesarean delivery without maternal or fetal indication (known as cesarean delivery on maternal request [CDMR]).An Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality evidence report of studies published after 1990, a 2006 National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference report, and published literature were examined.The prevalence of CDMR in the United States is not precisely known but probably occurs in less than 3% of all deliveries. Most practicing obstetricians have received requests for CDMR from patients. Compared with a plan for vaginal delivery, CDMR may be associated with lower rates of hemorrhage, maternal incontinence, and rare but serious neonatal outcomes. However, CDMR is associated with a higher risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity. Adverse consequences of CDMR may be manifested only in future pregnancies. Repeated cesarean deliveries have higher rates of operative complications, placental abnormalities such as placenta previa and accreta, and consequent gravid hysterectomy.There is no immediate expectation for CDMR to reduce the health risks of mothers or infants. Accordingly, counseling and decisions regarding CDMR should be made after considering a woman's full reproductive plans.
P53 Manchester Desert Island Question
Authors: K. George, H. Brice, S. Fowler, L. Holmes, R. Daly, R. Niven
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if specific clinical questions could reliably predict the ultimate inflammatory phenotype of patients attending a severe asthma service. The severe asthma clinic at University Hospital of South Manchester now routinely ask the desert island question (DIQ)…. “If you were on a desert island and could only have steroids or antibiotics which would you choose?” <h3>Background</h3> It is widely accepted that asthma is the result of complex pathological processes giving rise to a variety of different phenotypes, including eosinophilic and non- eosinophilic inflammatory patterns. Phenotype is determined by investigations e.g. baseline blood/sputum eosinophil level and clinical response to treatments including steroid augmentation/withdrawal. Investigations include antibody status to Haemophilus Influenza and Streptococcus Pneumonia. <h3>Methods</h3> New patients referred to the severe asthma service were asked the DIQ during their first appointment, prior to any investigations. We collected data from first clinic letters and case notes. Data collected included DIQ answer, phenotype, additional diagnoses, historical steroid and antibiotic use, sputum data and all asthma treatments trialled. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 59 patients were identified. 71% answered steroids and 29% answered antibiotics. Of those that answered steroids, 83% had eosinophilic asthma, 14% had non-eosinophilic asthma. The breakdown of the different phenotypes within the different answer groups is illustrated in Figure 1. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the answer “steroids” was 86% and “antibiotics” 47% (χ<sup>2</sup>=7.182 p= &lt;0.01). 67% of the “antibiotic” answers and 38% of the “steroid” answers were found to be antibody deficient (Haemophilus Influenza and/or Streptococcus Pneumonia). 30% who answered “antibiotics” were on maintenance steroids compared to 41% of patients who answered “steroids”. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This small pragmatic study has shown that the answer “steroids” to the DIQ has a high PPV for eosinophilic airway inflammation. The “antibiotic” response is much less useful in predicting inflammatory phenotype, but it does identify a high likelihood of antibody deficiency.
Comparison of Two Diets for the Prevention of Recurrent Stones in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Authors: Loris Borghi, Tania Schianchi, Tiziana Meschi, Angela Guerra, Franca Allegri, Umberto Maggiore, Almerico Novarini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A low-calcium diet is recommended to prevent recurrent stones in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, yet long-term data on the efficacy of a low-calcium diet are lacking. Recently, the efficacy of a low-calcium diet has been questioned, and greater emphasis has been placed on reducing the intake of animal protein and salt, but again, long-term data are unavailable.
THYROID DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IDENTIFIES A HIGHER RISK SUBPOPULATION FOR ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUG THERAPY: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ANALYSIS OF THE AFFIRM TRIAL
Authors: April Slee, Rangadham Nagarakanti, Sanjeev Saksena
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Polymorphism in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein: A link between liver disease and atherogenic postprandial lipid profile in NASH?
Authors: Roberto Gambino, Maurizio Cassader, Gianfranco Pagano, Marilena Durazzo, Giovanni Musso
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but mechanism(s) linking fatty liver to atherosclerosis are unknown. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) −493 G/T polymorphism modulates circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels in different subsets and has been linked to NAFLD. The impact of MTP −493 G/T polymorphism, adipokines, and diet on postprandial lipoprotein profile and liver disease was assessed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Plasma lipids, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein subfractions, high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) after an oral fat load were cross-sectionally correlated to MTP −493 G/T polymorphism, dietary habits, adipokines, and liver histology in 29 nonobese nondiabetic patients with NASH and 27 healthy controls. The severity of liver histology, the magnitude of triglycerides (Tg), free fatty acid (FFA), and LDL-conjugated diene responses, and the fall in HDL-C and apoA1 were significantly higher in NASH G/G (66% of patients) than in the other genotypes, despite similar adipokine profile and degree of insulin resistance. Postprandial large intestinal very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfraction A increases independently predicted Tg (β = 0.48; P = .008), FFA (β = 0.47; P = 0.010), HDL-C (β = 0.42; P = 0.009), and LDL-conjugated diene (β = 0.52; P = 0.002) responses. VLDL A apoB48 response was independently associated with liver steatosis (OR: 2.4; CI 1.7-9.6; P = 0.031). Postprandial LDL-conjugated diene response predicted severe necroinflammation (OR: 3.3; CI 1.4-9.7; P = 0.016) and fibrosis (OR: 2.8; CI 1.0-8,5; P = 0.030); postprandial apoA1 fall predicts severe fibrosis (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.5-6.1; P = 0.015). Conclusion: MTP -493 G/T polymorphism may impact NASH by modulating postprandial lipemia and lipoprotein metabolism; homozygous GG carriers have a more atherogenic postprandial lipid profile than the other genotypes, independently of adipokines and insulin resistance. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1097–1107.)
Detention of HIV-Positive Haitians at Guantanamo -- Human Rights and Medical Care
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Speaking for the United States, Secretary of State Warren Christopher told the June 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna that human rights are universal and that “we cannot let cultural relativism become the last refuge of repression”1. The universality of human rights was first recognized internationally in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights2. But the fact that these rights are recognized and even seen as universal does not ensure that they will be respected, even by their strongest supporters3. The lack of an international tribunal with jurisdiction to hear complaints about human-rights violations . . .
Should Europe have a universal hepatitis B vaccination programme?
Authors: P. V. Damme, E. Leuridan, G. Hendrickx, A. Vorsters, H. Theeten, T. Leino, M. Salminen, M. Kuusi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

WHO recommends that hepatitis B virus should be included in childhood vaccination programmes. <b>Pierre Van Damme and colleagues </b>argue that universal immunisation is essential to stop people becoming carriers but <b>Tuija Leino and colleagues </b>think that a targeted approach is a better use of resources in countries with low endemicity
Management of perinatal loss of a twin.
Authors: J. A. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1988)

have many more observations, which I quoted earlier (8 October, p 918).I accept their point about the shorter latent period for melanoma; but the evidence for nonlinearity in the incidence-exposure relation for melanoma is also relevant.Our differences of emphasis may reflect a concentration on shorter term effects by Professor MacKie and Dr Ryecroft and my concentration on the longer term outlook.
Injectable versus topical anesthesia for cataract surgery
Authors: Joanne Katz, Marc A Feldman, Eric B Bass, Lisa H Lubomski, James M Tielsch, Brent G Petty, Lee A Fleisher, Oliver D Schein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

Objective To compare patient reports of intraoperative pain and postoperative side effects by different anesthesia strategies for cataract surgery. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants Men and women 50 years of age and older undergoing 19,250 cataract surgeries at nine centers in the United States and Canada from June 1995 through June 1997. Intervention Topical anesthesia or anesthesia with injection, with or without sedatives, opioid analgesia, hypnotics, and diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Main outcome measures Patient ratings of intraoperative pain, satisfaction with pain management, and early postoperative side effects (drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, or a combination thereof). Results Twenty-six percent of surgeries were performed using topical anesthesia alone, and the remainder were performed with peribulbar, retrobulbar, or facial nerve block, or a combination thereof. Local anesthesia by injection with sedatives and diphenhydramine resulted in the lowest reporting of any intraoperative pain (1.3%), with postoperative drowsiness (9.6%) and nausea, vomiting, or both (1.5%) comparable with those administered topical anesthesia alone. Among those receiving topical anesthesia, use of sedatives and opioids reduced reports of any pain during surgery by 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34%, 70%), but increased nausea and vomiting (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.26, 4.09) compared with those administered topical anesthesia alone, after adjusting for age, gender, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists risk class, self-reported health status, and duration of surgery. Among those receiving local injections, use of opioids reduced reports of any pain among those receiving sedatives by 37% (95% CI, 15%, 54%), but did not increase postoperative side effects. The use of diphenhydramine among those receiving sedatives decreased reports of any pain by 59% (95% CI, 33%, 75%) and also reduced drowsiness and nausea and vomiting by 57% (95% CI, 48%, 65%) and by 60% (95% CI, 36%, 75%), respectively. Use of hypnotics with sedatives was associated with increased reports of any pain during surgery and increased nausea and vomiting after surgery. Conclusions Patient reports of any pain during cataract surgery (5%) and postoperative side effects (16% drowsiness and 4% nausea and vomiting) were low, but varied by anesthesia strategy. Patient perceptions of pain and side effects can be helpful in guiding the appropriate choice of anesthesia strategy.
Patterns and Mechanisms of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Rainer Hoffmann, Gary S. Mintz, Gaston R. Dussaillant, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Jennifer Griffin, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Studies have suggested that restenosis within Palmaz-Schatz stents results from neointimal hyperplasia or chronic stent recoil and occurs more frequently at the articulation. Methods and Results Serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed after intervention and at follow-up in 142 stents in 115 lesions. IVUS measurements (external elastic membrane [EEM], stent, and lumen cross-sectional areas [CSAs] and diameters) were performed, and plaque CSA (EEM lumen in reference segments and stent lumen in stented segments), late lumen loss (Δlumen), remodeling (ΔEEM in reference segments and Δstent in stented segments), and tissue growth (Δplaque) were calculated. After intervention, the lumen tended to be smallest at the articulation because of tissue prolapse. At follow-up, tissue growth was uniformly distributed throughout the stent; the tendency for greater neointimal tissue accumulation at the central articulation reached statistical significance only when normalized for the smaller postintervention lumen CSA. In stented segments, late lumen area loss correlated strongly with tissue growth but only weakly with remodeling. Stents affected adjacent vessel segments; remodeling progressively increased and tissue growth progressively decreased at distances from the edge of the stent. These findings were similar in native arteries and saphenous vein grafts and in lesions treated with one or two stents. There was no difference in the postintervention or follow-up lumen (at the junction of the two stents) when overlapped were compared with nonoverlapped stents. Conclusions Late lumen loss and in-stent restenosis were the result of neointimal tissue proliferation, which tended to be uniformly distributed over the length of the stent.
Bleeding Avoidance Strategies and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Pei-Hsiu Huang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Similarities Between Clinical Toxemia of Pregnancy and Experimental Hypertension
Authors: LOUIS TOBIAN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Many of the features of human toxemia of pregnancy can also be found in certain types of experimental hypertension. The similarity is especially close with regard to desoxycorti-costerone hypertension in rats. A working hypothesis concerning toxemia is presented which involves the rate of synthesis of placental steroids, their rate of degradation, and the degree of antihypertensive capacity.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ADMINISTRATION OF IODIDS IN THE FOOD IN GOITROUS REGIONS
Authors: Arthur D. Hirschfelder
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Simple goiter is endemic throughout those parts of the United States which are not close to the eastern or western seaboard. It is most prevalent in those regions which are poorest in iodin. The literature on this subject and the distribution of goiter in this country have been reviewed recently by McClendon<sup>1</sup>and by Hayhurst.<sup>2</sup>David Marine<sup>3</sup>has demonstrated conclusively that the development of endemic simple goiter is closely associated with lack of iodin in the food, and that its occurrence can be prevented by the routine administration of iodids. Marine administered 2.0 gm. of sodium iodid in ten 0.2 gm. daily doses twice a year to more than 2,000 schoolchildren in Akron, Ohio, and found that after this treatment, new enlargements of the thyroid never developed, and, on the other hand, that 38 per cent. of the thyroids which were already enlarged decreased in size. In
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Association of Cyclooxygenase-1–Dependent and –Independent Platelet Function Assays With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Aspirin-Treated Patients Presenting for Cardiac Catheterization”
Authors: Andrew L. Frelinger, Marc R. Barnard, Alan D. Michelson, YouFu Li, Marsha L. Fox, Matthew D. Linden, Douglas J. Christie, Mark I. Furman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Aspirin-Treated Patients Presenting for Cardiac Catheterization"Our conclusion that "poor clinical outcomes of aspirintreated patients is due in part to incomplete cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition, but is also due in part to COX-1independent platelet hyperreactivity" is based on the independent association of both high residual serum thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) and shortened platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) collagen/ADP closure time (CADP CT; indicative of COX-1-independent platelet hyperreactivity) with adverse outcomes in aspirin-treated patients. 1These findings help define factors that contribute to the risk for adverse events in aspirin-treated patients and thus, we hope, will improve the design of future studies of treatment strategies.For example, "the finding of an association of the PFA-100 CADP CT with adverse clinical events suggests the possibility that greater inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation would result in improved outcomes in this patient group." 1 As Dr Violi and colleagues suggest, an explanation for the presence of high residual serum TXB 2 despite aspirin treatment would be helpful in the development of a clinically relevant treatment strategy.Thus, we previously reported 2 that up to 2% of patients in this population may have been underdosed or noncompliant based on the ability of added aspirin or indomethacin to inhibit arachidonic acid-stimulated platelet activation. 2 The remaining 98% of subjects showed arachidonic acid-inducible platelet activation that was independent of both COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. 2 Aspirin noncompliance results in residual uninhibited platelet COX-1, which in turn permits arachidonic acid-stimulated platelet activation.Yet, arachidonic acid-inducible platelet reactivity measured by 4 independent assays was not associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (see our Figure 2), 1 whereas high serum TXB 2 was.Additional information that could help to explain the high TXB 2 levels was reported in Table 3 in our article 1 ; that is, patients with residual serum TXB 2 Ͼ3.1 ng/mL were more often taking COX-2 antagonists and antidepressants and had a higher body mass index and platelet count than patients with residual serum TXB 2 Ͻ3.1 ng/mL.Thus, high residual TXB 2 may be due in part to interactions with comedications (COX-2 antagonists and antidepressants) in patients with high body mass index or platelet count, or to aspirin underdosing.
O03 * IDH1 MUTATIONS IN NEURAL STEM CELLS PROMOTE MIGRATION AND INVASION AND ACT SYNERGISTICALLY WITH P53 AND PTEN LOSS IN MURINE TUMOUR CELLS
Authors: K. Sidlauskas, N. Li, J. Lau, A. Ferreira, S. Brandner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Over 70% of low- or high grade gliomas carry IDH1 gene mutations. The understanding of the role of IDH mutations in human glioma cells is limited by concomitant genetic and epigenetic modifications in glioma cell lines, making it difficult to precisely dissect the role of IDH in proliferation, migration and invasion. METHOD: Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) were isolated from the subventricular zone of mice carrying combinations of conditional gene mutations: IDH1R132H, p53lox/lox, Ptenlox/lox, or Rblox/lox. The IDH1 mouse model carries a cre-inducible human R132H allele. “Naïve” neurospheres were recombined in vitro, and transferred to adherent conditions to form monolayers, for quantification of growth, invasion and migration. Further, we compared murine to human glioma initiating cells (hGIC) with wild-type or mutant IDH1. RESULTS: IDH mutations in mNSCs increased proliferation, migration and invasion but required inactivation of at least one additional tumour suppressor. In contrast, IDH mutant hGICs showed lower proliferation and wound healing rates than IDH wild type counterparts. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates an important role of mutant IDH in promoting growth, migration and invasion in murine primary NSC. The striking difference to human glioma cells may be explained by a different spectrum of mutations that have accrued in IDH mutant human tumours. We hypothesise that long-standing IDH mutations modify the epigenome differently from that in the short-term murine culture model. We are currently characterising the genome and methylome of murine IDH mutant cells during long-term in vitro culture and in our allografting paradigm to better characterise the role of IDH in tumourigenesis from NSC.
Effect of lipid feeding on endothelium dependent relaxation in rabbit aortic preparations
Authors: S P CHAPPELL, M J LEWIS, A H HENDERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The effect of a cholesterol enriched diet on concentration responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine, ergometrine, and acetylcholine and on endothelium dependent relaxation was investigated in rabbit aortic strip preparations. Sensitivity to ergometrine was slightly reduced after both two and 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine was slightly reduced after two but not after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Sensitivity to acetylcholine was not altered at two or 10 weeks in the absence of endothelium, but the endothelium dependent lowering of the constrictor concentration-response was almost abolished after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Likewise the endothelium dependent relaxant response of preconstricted preparations to acetylcholine was almost abolished after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Thus this model of hyperlipidaemia leads after 10 weeks to loss of endothelium dependent relaxation.