tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are BRCA1 mutations a predictive factor for anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancers?
Authors: T. Petit, M. Wilt, J. Rodier, D. Muller, J. Ghnassia, P. Dufour, J. Fricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

580 Background: BRCA1 being involved in DNA repair and apoptosis, its mutations may influence response to chemotherapy. In vitro studies demonstrated that loss of BRCA1 function increased sensitivity to platinum compounds and induced resistance to anthracyclines. BRCA1-related breast cancers tend to be ductal carcinomas with high tumor grade, absence of hormonal receptors and no HER2 overexpression, so called triple-negative. We retrospectively analyzed anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in triple- negative tumors according to BRCA1 status. Methods: 393 breast cancer pts were treated with FEC100 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FU 500 mg/m 2 , epirubicine 100 mg/m 2 , cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 ) between 1/2000 and 12/2006. Out of them, 14% had a triple-negative phenotype (55 pts). Patients with young age at diagnosis or family history of breast cancer were offered genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Twelve of these patients had a BRCA1 deleterious mutation with a triple-negative tumor. Characteristics of these 12 pts at diagnosis were: median age = 38, tumor stage = 7 T2N0, 2 T2N1, 2 T3N0, 1 T3N1. Results: Pathological complete response was defined as absence of invasive tumor in breast and axillary nodes. After 6 cycles of FEC100, 42% of patients with triple-negative tumors (23/55) had a pathological complete response, compared to 17% (2/12) with a BRCA1 mutation. Only one of the 12 BRCA1 patients had an axillary node involvement. Conclusions: In our series, BRCA1 deleterious mutations decreased anthracycline-based chemotherapy efficacy in triple- negative breast cancers. Platinum compounds should be evaluated in these BRCA1-related tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules.
Authors: H Hey, F Jorgensen, K Sorensen, H Hasselbalch, T Wamberg
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules containing barium sulphate was evaluated radiologically using fluoroscopy in 121 healthy volunteers. To determine the influence of the subject9s position and the amount of water taken each subject swallowed three preparations while recumbent and standing and with 25 ml or 100 ml of water. Failure of swallowing (defined as oesophageal transit taking more than 90 seconds) occurred in 22% of 726 swallowings, but globus was complained of in only 33% of these. Sixty per cent of the volunteers had difficulty in taking one or more of the preparations. Many preparations adhered to the oesophageal membrane and started to disintegrate in the lower part of oesophagus. It is recommended that subjects should remain standing for at least 90 seconds after taking capsules or tablets and that all preparations should be taken with at least 100 ml of water. Small tablets are swallowed most easily. Liquid forms of medication (suspensions) should be considered for bedridden patients and those who have difficulty in swallowing.
MENINGOCOCCUS MENINGITIS WITH RECOVERY IN A SEVEN WEEKS OLD INFANT
Authors: James M. Sturtevant
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Meningococcus meningitis is an extremely rare disease in early infancy. Root, 1 in a careful review of the literature up to 1921, found only six cases of meningococcus meningitis occurring in infants under 2 months of age; two of these infants died during the acute stage of the disease, three died a few months later from sequelae, and the remaining case could not be traced. A seventh case is reported by Cook and Bell 2 in a child, aged 17 days, with a fulminating infection of parameningococcus and an extensive petechial rash.  In view of these facts, recovery without sequelae in an infant, aged 7 weeks, following specific serum therapy administered into the cisterna magna, seems of sufficient interest to merit publication.  REPORT OF CASE  D. H., a white girl, born, Jan. 31, 1925, was admitted to the Babies' Hospital, March 23, at the age of 7 weeks. The chief
Rapid Head Cooling Initiated Coincident With Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improves Success of Defibrillation and Post-Resuscitation Myocardial Function in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Min-Shan Tsai, Denise Barbut, Wanchun Tang, Hao Wang, Jun Guan, Tong Wang, Shijie Sun, Becky Inderbitzen, Max Harry Weil
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Treatment of Intractable Ascites by Peritoneal A trial Shunt
Authors: Gordon L. Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE DEVELOPMENT of intractability in controlling ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is often an ominous sign in the terminal phase of this disease. Despite programs for mobilizing ascitic fluid by using newer diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, and steroids, there still remains a group of patients resistant to all forms of medical therapy. Removal of ascitic fluid by repeated paracenteses gives only short-term relief at best, while compounding protein and electrolyte wasting in patients who can ill afford it. Many methods have been devised for the treatment of intractable ascites, but all have certain basic shortcomings which have limited their usefulness. Recently, the demonstration that ascitic fluid can be given intravenously suscessfully, with improvement to the patient without side effects or difficulties, has reawakened interest in this approach to treatment.<sup>1,2</sup>However, most techniques for reinfusion of ascitic fluid, at best, are bulky and awkward. Smith (1962) reported the
Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Serves as a Primary Tumor Suppressor in CD8+ T Cell Tumorigenesis
Authors: Philip J. Lucas, Nicole McNeil, Eva Hilgenfeld, Baishakhi Choudhury, Seong-Jin Kim, Michael A. Eckhaus, Thomas Ried, Ronald E. Gress
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumorigenesis in rodents, as well as in humans, has been shown to be a multistep process, with each step reflecting an altered gene product or gene regulatory process leading to autonomy of cell growth. Initial genetic mutations are often associated with dysfunctional growth regulation, as is demonstrated in several transgenic mouse models. These changes are often followed by alterations in tumor suppressor gene function, allowing unchecked cell cycle progression and, by genomic instability, additional genetic mutations responsible for tumor metastasis. Here we show that reduced transforming growth factor-β signaling in T lymphocytes leads to a rapid expansion of a CD8+ memory T-cell population and a subsequent transformation to leukemia/lymphoma as shown by multiple criteria, including peripheral blood cell counts histology, T-cell receptor monoclonality, and host transferability. Furthermore, spectral karyotype analysis of the tumors shows that the tumors have various chromosomal aberrations. These results suggest that reduced transforming growth factor-β signaling acts as a primary carcinogenic event, allowing uncontrolled proliferation with consequent accumulation of genetic defects and leukemic transformation.
Different effects of palmitic and stearic acid-enriched diets on serum lipids and lipoproteins and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in healthy young women
Authors: Ursula S. Schwab, Helvi M. Maliranta, Essi S. Sarkkinen, Markku J. Savolainen, Y.Antero Kesäniemi, Matti I.J. Uusitupa
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
INTRALIGAMENTOUS AND RETROPERITONEAL TUMORS OF THE UTERUS AND ITS ADNEXÆ.Abstract of a paper read at the meeting of the American Gynecological Association, at Washington, D. C., May 29, 1894.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WATHEN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

While paroöphoron cysts and retroperitoneal myomata of the uterus and its muscular processes have nothing in common in their etiology, I would include both kind of tumors, because the technique of the operation for their successful removal is practically identical. With few exceptions, cysts that unfold the layers of the broad ligament and burrow deep into the pelvis and retroperitoneal connective tissue, often developing nearly continuity in relation to other structures, probably arise from remnants of the mesonephros in the paroöphoron. Either the cystic or solid tumor may separate the peritoneum anteriorly and lie in front of it attached to the bladder, fascia and muscles of the abdominal wall, the separation sometimes being so extensive that it may be possible to reach the tumor and enucleate it through a median incision between the pubes and umbilicus without wounding the peritoneum. The separation, however, is usually from the posterior pelvic and
An investigator-initiated, double-blind, vehicle-controlled pilot study: Assessment for tachyphylaxis to topically occluded halobetasol 0.05% ointment in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Tali Czarnowicki, Rita V. Linkner, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Arie Ingber, Mark Lebwohl
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Coeliac axis compression syndrome.
Authors: C W Jamieson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The syndrome of severe epigastric pain related to ingestion of food has been highly suspect since its first description. It was originally described as a syndrome of epigastric pain occurring in relation to meals, associated sometimes with an epigastric bruit which changed pitch upon respiration; the finding on lateral angiography was of compression of the coeliac axis by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm1. Sceptics, however, have pointed out that this anatomical variation frequently exists in the absence of any symptoms, that the condition apparently never proceeds to acute or irreversible ischaemia of the intestine, therefore rendering the diagnosis of progressive ischaemia doubtful, and that even with surgical treatment there is a tendency for the symptoms to recur with time2. It seems, however, that there is possibly a small group of patients in whom there is a genuine symptomatic condition. The criteria necessary to make a provisional diagnosis are as follows: 

1.

A history as described above.




2.

Definite severe constriction of the artery by the median arcuate ligament on lateral angiography.




3.

Reduced pulse and pressure in the coeliac axis distal to the compression at laparotomy.




4.

Total absence of any other abdominal condition on investigation and on laparotomy that would explain the symptoms2, 3.
Methacholine <i>vs</i> adenosine on intra and extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with cough variant asthma
Authors: M. Ribeiro, C. A. C. Pereira, L. E. Nery, O. S. Beppu, C. O. S. Silva
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) can be studied by bronchoprovocation test (BPT) using direct (methacholine – MCh) or indirect (adenosine 5′‐monophosphate – AMP) stimuli. These two substances have not been compared in cough variant asthma (CVA). Objective: We designed a randomized, single‐blind, cross‐over study to compare AMP and MCh in the detection of CVA. Additionally, we examined whether assessment of extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness (EAHR) during MCh and AMP helped in the evaluation of CVA. Methods: Patients with CVA with previous positive MCh BPT performed challenges with AMP and MCh. The variables were: (i) a provocative dose producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) value (PD 20 MCh); (ii) a provocative dose producing a 25% fall in the maximal mid‐inspiratory flow (FIF 50 ) from baseline (PD 25 MCh) for MCh; (iii) a provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in FEV 1 value (PC 20 AMP) and (iv) a provocative concentration producing a 25% fall in the FIF 50 from baseline (PC 25 AMP) for AMP. Results: All 113 patients with CVA responded to PD 20 MCh and 96% and 69% responded to PC 20 AMP, if we used PC 20 ≤ 200 mg/ml or PC 20 ≤ 100 mg/ml, respectively, with an excellent correlation between these two tests ( r = 0.87 and 0.76, respectively). Extrathoracic AHR associated with AHR was found in 10% in MCh challenge and in 11% with AMP challenge and no patients had EAHR alone. Conclusion: Adenosine challenges correlate well with MCh in patients with CVA. A minority ( c. 10%) of CVA patients have EAHR as measured by these tests, while most had AHR as assessed with each of the challenge agents.
Academic Cardiology Division in the Era of Managed Care
Authors: Arthur M. Feldman, Pamela K. Greenhouse, Steven E. Reis, Mark S. Sevco
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract The ability of academic divisions of cardiology to pursue educational and research missions in an era of market-driven managed care is being increasingly jeopardized. Indeed, several academic medical centers have been sold to for-profit entities, and many cardiology divisions have been forced to decrease staff and faculty reimbursements. Despite these threats, the academic division has unique strengths: (1) premium quality of care, (2) a single employer, (3) a somewhat uniform practice culture, (4) high-volume operators performing interventional procedures, (5) expertise in highly technical aspects of cardiology, and (6) the availability of physicians for outreach ventures. Therefore, we hypothesized that the cardiology division could be strengthened by collaborating with the medical center in the development of an aggressive and proactive managed care strategy. To this end, we developed a cardiovascular network having the academic center as its central focus but including a group of high-quality and geographically dispersed community-based physicians. These physicians were attracted by an economic package that provided protection from downside risk, participation in our managed care initiatives, and geographic exclusivity in an overcrowded market. In turn, the community-based physicians increasingly used the academic medical center for tertiary care, resulting in increased volumes and incremental profitability. Using this paradigm, we have now recruited ≈40 community cardiologists. The resulting network provides access to a university cardiologist in most of the surrounding urban and rural counties and will allow us to compete effectively for capitated contracts.
Quarky Calcium Release in the Heart
Authors: Didier X.P. Brochet, Wenjun Xie, Dongmei Yang, Heping Cheng, W. Jonathan Lederer
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

In cardiac myocytes, "Ca(2+) sparks" represent the stereotyped elemental unit of Ca(2+) release arising from activation of large arrays of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), whereas "Ca(2+) blinks" represent the reciprocal Ca(2+) depletion signal produced in the terminal cisterns of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Emerging evidence, however, suggests possible substructures in local Ca(2+) release events.With improved detection ability and sensitivity provided by simultaneous spark-blink pair measurements, we investigated possible release events that are smaller than sparks and their interplay with regular sparks.We directly visualized small solitary release events amid noise: spontaneous Ca(2+) quark-like or "quarky" Ca(2+) release (QCR) events in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Because the frequency of QCR events in paced myocytes is much higher than the frequency of Ca(2+) sparks, the total Ca(2+) leak attributable to the small QCR events is approximately equal to that of the spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks. Furthermore, the Ca(2+) release underlying a spark consists of an initial high-flux stereotypical release component and a low-flux highly variable QCR component. The QCR part of the spark, but not the initial release, is sensitive to cytosolic Ca(2+) buffering by EGTA, suggesting that the QCR component is attributable to a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release mechanism. Experimental evidence, together with modeling, suggests that QCR events may depend on the opening of rogue RyR2s (or small cluster of RyR2s).QCR events play an important role in shaping elemental Ca(2+) release characteristics and the nonspark QCR events contribute to "invisible" Ca(2+) leak in health and disease.
T-type calcium channel blockade as a therapeutic strategy against renal injury in rats with subtotal nephrectomy
Authors: N. Sugano, S. Wakino, T. Kanda, S. Tatematsu, K. Homma, K. Yoshioka, K. Hasegawa, Y. Hara, Y. Suetsugu, T. Yoshizawa, Y. Hara, Y. Utsunomiya, G. Tokudome, T. Hosoya, T. Saruta, K. Hayashi
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Safety and efficacy of protease inhibitors to treat hepatitis C after liver transplantation: A multicenter experience
Authors: Audrey Coilly, Bruno Roche, Jérôme Dumortier, Vincent Leroy, Danielle Botta-Fridlund, Sylvie Radenne, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Si-Nafaa Si-Ahmed, Olivier Guillaud, Teresa Maria Antonini, Stéphanie Haïm-Boukobza, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Didier Samuel, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Recombinant Leukocyte A Interferon in Eight Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Sandra J. Horning
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The clinical and immunologic effects of a biosynthetic human leukocyte interferon, recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFL-rA), are reported in eight patients with advanced cancer. Single escalating doses from 3 X 10(6) units to 198 X 10(6) units were given by intramuscular injection in a phase I study. Major toxic effects included pyrexia, fatigue, myalgia, and headache. Data on the effects of IFL-rA on lymphocyte subpopulations and peripheral blood mononuclear-cell surface beta 2-microglobulin are presented. Four of eight patients had objective tumor regression, indicating that further investigation of this biologically active material is warranted.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE RADIATION OF TUMOURS
Authors: J. C. Mottram
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Nornml Physiology of the Rcspihatory Mlechanism.Nornnal automatic or unconscious breathing is effected through a so-called " respiratory centre," -which is in reality made up of a number of anatomically separate areas situated in the pons and medulla.This centre is stimu- lated partly by afferent proprioceptive impulses from the alveoli of the luilgs and the thoracic muiiiscuilature, but mainly by the concentration of caibonie acid in the blood stream.The efferent impulses are conveyed along the lower neurones to the chest muscles and diaphragm.Though the respiratory centre normally acts indepen-
Earlier Detection of Bone Metastases From Pleomorphic Liposarcoma in a Pediatric Patient by FDG PET/CT Than Planar 99mTc MDP Bone Scan
Authors: Jigang Yang, Ion Codreanu, Sabah Servaes, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Bone scintigraphy using (99m)TC MDP (technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate) is a routine procedure for evaluation of osteoblastic metastases; however, its sensitivity compared with FDG PET/CT in a variety of malignancies remains to be established. We report a case of multiple osseous metastases revealed by FDG PET/CT in an 8-year-old girl with pleomorphic liposarcoma. Many of these osseous lesions were not visualized on the MDP planar bone scintigraphy performed 24 hours after PET/CT scan, becoming evident only on repeat bone scan performed 3 months later. The case suggests that FDG PET/CT has higher sensitivity in detecting osteoblastic metastases in pleomorphic liposarcoma.
Neurobiology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry of neuropeptide S and its receptor
Authors: Remo Guerrini, Severo Salvadori, Anna Rizzi, Domenico Regoli, Girolamo Calo'
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is the last neuropeptide identified via reverse pharmacology techniques. NPS selectively binds and activates a previous orphan GPCR, now named NPSR, producing intracellular calcium mobilization and increases in cAMP levels. Biological functions modulated by the NPS/NPSR system include anxiety, arousal, locomotion, food intake, memory, and drug addiction. The primary sequence of NPS (in humans SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS) is highly conserved among vertebrates especially at the N-terminus. Ala- and D-scan studies demonstrated that this part of the molecule is crucial for biological activity. Focused structure-activity studies performed on Phe(2), Arg(3), and Asn(4) confirmed this indication and revealed the chemical requirements of these positions for NPSR binding and activation. The sequence Gly(5)-Val(6)-Gly(7) seems to be important for shaping the bioactive conformation of the peptide. Structure-activity studies on Gly(5) enabled identification of the first generation of peptidergic NPSR pure antagonists including [D-Cys(tBu)(5)]NPS and [D-Val(5)]NPS whose antagonist properties were confirmed in vivo. Finally, the pharmacological features of substituted bicyclic piperazine molecules (e.g. SHA 68 (3-oxo-1,1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzylamide) were recently published making available the first generation of nonpeptide NPSR antagonists. The use in future studies of NPSR antagonists will be of paramount importance for understanding which biological functions are controlled by the NPS/NPSR system and for defining the therapeutic potential of selective NPSR ligands.
Effect of platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase on the formation and action of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein.
Authors: A D Watson, M Navab, S Y Hama, A Sevanian, S M Prescott, D M Stafforini, T M McIntyre, B N Du, A M Fogelman, J A Berliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) produced by oxidative enzymes or cocultures of human artery wall cells induces endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and to bind monocytes. HDL prevents the formation of MM-LDL by cocultures of artery wall cells. Using albumin treatment and HPLC we have isolated and partially characterized bioactive oxidized phospholipids in MM-LDL. Platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a serine esterase, hydrolyzes short chain acyl groups esterified to the sn-2 position of phospholipids such as PAF and particular oxidatively fragmented phospholipids. Treatment of MM-LDL with PAF-AH (2-4 x 10(-2) U/ml) eliminated the ability of MM-LDL to induce endothelial cells to bind monocytes. When HDL protected against the formation of MM-LDL by cocultures, lysophosphatidylcholine was detected in HDL; whereas when HDL was pretreated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate, HDL was no longer protective and lysophosphatidylcholine was undetectable. HPLC analysis also revealed that the active oxidized phospholipid species in MM-LDL had been destroyed after PAF-AH treatment. In addition, treatment of MM-LDL with albumin removed polar phospholipids that, when reisolated, induced monocyte binding to endothelial cells. These polar phospholipids, when treated with PAF-AH, lost biological activity and were no longer detected by HPLC. These results suggest that PAF-AH in HDL protects against the production and activity of MM-LDL by facilitating hydrolysis of active oxidized phospholipids to lysolipids, thereby destroying the biologically active lipids in MM-LDL.