tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Leptin in Human Physiology
Authors: Michael Rosenbaum, Rudolph L. Leibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In humans, the relative long-term constancy of body weight, the difficulty of successfully sustaining intentional weight loss, and the metabolic and behavioral alterations that accompany weight change provide strong evidence that body fat is biologically regulated.1 The amount of energy stored as fat affects growth, puberty, fertility, and thyroid function, which suggests that humoral signals reflecting adipose-tissue mass interact with many neuroendocrine systems.1 In mice, the products of the ob and db genes are the main candidates for the ligand and receptor, respectively, for a fat-to-brain signaling system. Mice with the ob mutation (now designated Lepob) have a deficiency . . .
Daily Use of Smokeless Tobacco: Systemic Effects
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To compare exposure to nicotine and related cardiovascular effects as well as urinary mutagenicity (a potential marker of systemic absorption of carcinogenic compounds) during use of oral snuff, chewing tobacco, and cigarettes, as desired. Design: Crossover sequential treatments, balanced-order experimental study. Setting: Clinical research center. Participants: Eight healthy men who regularly smoked cigarettes and had previous experience with the use of both oral snuff and chewing tobacco. Interventions: Four 3- or 4-day blocks during which participants used oral snuff, chewing tobacco, and cigarettes as desired, or abstained from all tobacco. Concentrations of nicotine and cotinine (the primary metabolite of nicotine), cardiovascular effects, and urine sodium, catecholamine and mutagenicity were measured over 24 hours at the end of each treatment block. Measurements and Main Results: Circadian exposure to nicotine and cardiovascular effects, including urinary catecholamine excretion, were similar for all forms of tobacco use. Urine sodium excretion was greater while using smokeless tobacco than while smoking, probably due to absorption of sodium from the smokeless tobacco. Urine mutagenicity was markedly increased while smoking cigarettes and tended to be increased (P < 0.10) while chewing tobacco but not while using oral snuff. Conclusions: Systemic absorption of nicotine, sodium, and carcinogenic chemicals from smokeless tobacco may cause or aggravate human illness in addition to the known adverse effects on the oral cavity.
Salmonella Virchow in a Chicken-packing Station and Associated Rearing Units
Authors: J. H. Pennington, N. H. Brooksbank, P. M. Poole, F. Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In tracing the source of an outbreak of food-poisoning with Salmonella virchow a chicken-packing station and associated rearing farms were investigated. The serotype was found in chickens in 9 of the 14 rearing farms investigated and in the hatchery, but not in the breeding flocks supplying the hatchery. Several personnel on the farms were affected. The infection was most likely to have been introduced by contaminated feeding-stuffs.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Childhood Lymphoma
Authors: Grover C. Bagby, Robert D. Goldman, Harry C. Newman, James F. Means
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

MYOCARDIAL infarction in children is rare. A histologically documented case of acute infarction as a result of childhood lymphoma is described herewith.Case ReportA 9-year-old boy was referred to the Doernbecher Memorial Hospital for Children in September, 1966, for a mediastinal mass (Fig. 1). Biopsy disclosed a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. After operation he received radiotherapy, with resultant resolution of the mass. The total cardiac dose approximated 4000 rads.In March, 1968, intermittent pain in the left side of the chest developed, continuing until May, 1969, when a diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia was made. A complete remission was induced . . .
Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine
Authors: George N. Dalekos, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Eirini I. Rigopoulou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters5 December 2006Redesigning Training for Internal MedicineGeorge N. Dalekos, MD, Konstantinos Makaritsis, MD, and Eirini I. Rigopoulou, MDGeorge N. Dalekos, MDFrom Larissa Medical School and University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece., Konstantinos Makaritsis, MDFrom Larissa Medical School and University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece., and Eirini I. Rigopoulou, MDFrom Larissa Medical School and University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: The recent paper by Weinberger and colleagues (1) provides a comprehensive approach to factors that support the need for redesigning training in internal medicine. However, we think that some issues could be addressed in a more straightforward manner to strengthen the urgent need for revisiting internal medicine training (2).First, what are the problems for internal medicine? Internal medicine has been asleep for too long. Some of the dynamic and technology-supported subspecialties consider that a patient who sees an internist first is simply taking a detour. Internal medicine should be able to show its competencies convincingly to ...References1. Weinberger SE, Smith LG, Collier VU. Redesigning training for internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:927-32. [PMID: 16601254] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Jotkowitz AB, Porath A. Internal medicine training in Europe [Editorial]. Eur J Intern Med. 2005;16:543-4. [PMID: 16314233] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Larissa Medical School and University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRedesigning Training for Internal Medicine Steven E. Weinberger , Lawrence G. Smith , Virginia U. Collier , and Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine John P. Fitzgibbons and Frederick J. Meyers Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine Steven E. Weinberger , Lawrence G. Smith , and Virginia U. Collier Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine Ishak A. Mansi Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine James R. Horning Metrics Cited ByCurrent World Literature 5 December 2006Volume 145, Issue 11Page: 865KeywordsAcute renal failureGraduate medical educationHealth careHealth care qualityLeptospirosisMultiple myelomaPatientsRenal failureSub-specialty careUndergraduates ePublished: 5 December 2006 Issue Published: 5 December 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
O135 INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL BILE ACID ABSORPTION BY ASBT INHIBITOR A4250 PROTECTS AGAINST BILE ACID-MEDIATED CHOLESTATIC LIVER INJURY IN MICE
Authors: A. Baghdasaryan, P. Jha, M. Müller, N. Auer, A. Deutschmann, C. Zöhrer, I. Påhlman, H. Graffner, P. Fickert, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Role of the Private Physician in Coordinated Home Care
Authors: James C. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1963)

GROWING INTEREST in coordinated home care has developed in recognition of its potential role as that part of a total medical care plan which can best meet the needs of certain patients or of given patients in certain phases of their illnesses. As a tool of the physician in the management of his patient, the application and value of a home care program are considerably different in today's practice of medicine than when it was first introduced in 1796. But, just as we have rediscovered the value of certain drugs used long ago, so are we now recognizing the basic advantages of home care programs. New York's Montefiore Hospital's program in 1947 viewed home care as "a productive means of collaboration that draws on all elements of the medical society for helpful service in a sphere of activity that belongs to the rank and file of physicians who engage in
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIAC 18F-FDG-PET IMAGING AND MYOCARDIAL OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS FOR THE CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY
Authors: Shigeki Kobayashi, Takeki Myoren, Wakako Murakami, Masakazu Fukuda, Shinichi Okuda, Tomoko Nao, Jutaro Yamada, Takayuki Okamura, Masafumi Yano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Doctors step up campaign for paediatrician imprisoned for a year without trial
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An international campaign for the release of an Indian paediatrician jailed for more than a year in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh has gained momentum, but doctors in India believe the movement needs to intensify its efforts.

The state government arrested Binayak Sen on 14 May 2007, applying anti-terrorist laws and accusing him of helping an unlawful organisation and smuggling letters from an imprisoned Maoist leader ( BMJ 2007;334:1184, doi:10.1136/bmj.39237.523206.4E).

Public health professionals and human rights organisations worldwide have issued joint appeals seeking Dr Sen’s release and calling for a speedy, fair trial. Twenty two Nobel laureates wrote to the federal and state governments of India earlier this month, requesting …
Mitochondrial gene mutations and diabetes mellitus
Authors: C.M. Sue, D.J. Holmes-Walker, J.G.L. Morris, S.C. Boyages, D.S. Crimmins, E. Byrne, JörgB. Schulz, Thomas Klockgether, Johannes Dichgans, Peter Seibel, Heinz Reichmann
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Parvovirus B19 Infection
Authors: Shirley Chen, Orion Howard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a three-week history of nausea, vomiting, pain in the right upper quadrant, and fever with chills. Laboratory studies showed that the white-cell count was 6400 per cubic millimeter, the hemoglobin concentration was 9.0 g per deciliter, the hematocrit was 26.5 percent, the platelet count was 255,000 per cubic millimeter, and the reticulocyte count was 0.6 percent. To evaluate the patient's anemia further, a bone marrow examination was performed; it revealed mild hypercellularity with trilineage hematopoiesis but with a reduced number of erythroid precursors. Evaluation of a smear of the bone marrow . . .
Effects of propranolol on reflex vascular responses to orthostatic stress in humans. Role of ventricular baroreceptors.
Authors: D W Ferguson, M D Thames, A L Mark
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To evaluate the role of ventricular baroreceptors in humans, we studied the effects of propranolol on reflex vasoconstrictor responses to simulated orthostatic stress. We measured forearm vascular resistance in 10 normal males in the control state and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -10 and -40 mm Hg before and after propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). Baseline forearm vascular resistance showed no significant change: 23.9 +/- 3.4 U (+/- SEM) before vs 28.0 +/- 0.5 U after propranolol. Reflex increases in forearm vascular resistance during LBNP at -10 and -40 mm Hg were 5.2 +/- 1.2 and 21.2 +/- 6.6 U before and 3.4 +/- 1.2 and 10.6 +/- 2.2 U, respectively, after propranolol. Thus, propranolol significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced responses to LBNP at -40 mm Hg. In contrast to the effects with LBNP, propranolol did not attenuate increases in forearm vascular resistance during the cold pressor test and handgrip, thus excluding a nonspecific depression of reflexes. We also studied the effects of propranolol on carotid baroreflex-mediated vasoconstrictor responses to neck pressure at 15 and 30 mm Hg. Propranolol had no significant effect on the vasoconstrictor responses to neck pressure. In conclusion, propranolol selectively attenuates vasoconstrictor responses to LBNP. We suggest that this results from a propranolol-induced decrease in the activity of cardiac ventricular baroreceptors. The results support the view that ventricular baroreceptors play an important role in reflex adjustments to orthostatic stress in humans.
THE LOW PROTEIN DIET
Authors: A. J. BEAMS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The method used in making up suggested menus for reducing diets and for high caloric diets might also be used for the low protein diet.  GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR A LOW PROTEIN DIET   The exact formula for this corrective diet should be prescribed for each individual by the physician. He will make all necessary modifications relative to salt content of diet, allowance of purin bodies, total fluid intake, and use of stimulating beverages.  The specific number of grams of protein will be noted for each person, but generally speaking, the daily range will be from 35 to 45.  Highly seasoned foods and food condiments should not be taken.  It should be remembered that calories are not the only measuring stick for our food.  Unless definitely ordered otherwise, a pint of milk should be taken daily.  Vitamins should be included: (a) from whole milk, cream, butter or eggs; (b and c) from
Use of Reserpine and Rauwolfia in Psychoneuroses
Authors: A. Folkson, A. R. May
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are chronic granulomatous diseases that are similar in many aspects, although different. They occur concomitantly very rarely. TB is an infectious disease caused by M. <i>tuberculosis</i> morphologically defined by granulomas with caseous necrosis. Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, and is characterized by noncaseous granulomas. Aim of the study: to evaluate weather the high incidence of TB in our country affects the diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis. Material and methods: We performed an analysis of 97 patient9s clinical records with biopsy proven or highly suggestive of sarcoidosis, cases registered in a third level medical institution, during year 2011. Results: we found 3 (3,1%) patients with concomitant diagnosis of TB and sarcoidosis, in whom sputum culture revealed M. <i>tuberculosis</i> (1-MDR tuberculosis, 1- poly-resistant). After 2 months of standard anti-TB treatment we have obtained culture conversion, but no improvement in chest X-ray and HRCT. Supplementation with corticosteroids (CS) leaded to full resorption of pulmonary lesions. Other 8 (8,2%) patients from 97, microbiologically negative, where initially diagnosed with pulmonary TB based on histological examination (caseating granulomas). Anti-TB treatment inefficiency imposed reconsideration of the diagnosis and initiation of steroid treatment, with clinical and radiological improvement after 4 months of CS. Conclusion: Infection with <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, seems to be not so infrequent in patients with sarcoidosis. The finding of necrotizing granulomas alone is not sufficient for the final clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis. Due to high incidence of tuberculosis in our country there is a tendency to overdiagnose tuberculosis.
Doctors in Berlin strike over poor pay
Authors: Clare Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

German doctors are threatening to abandon their jobs and move to the United Kingdom. The row over poor pay and working conditions began almost two weeks ago. More than 2200 doctors from Charite University Medical Centre in Berlin, Europe's largest hospital, went on strike after hospital administrators refused to listen to demands for a 30% pay increase.

Demonstrating in the streets of Berlin, the doctors—including physicians, interns, surgeons, and even heads of department—have been gaining public support with banners …
The Talking Cure: A Concise and Practical Guide to Psychoanalysis Today
Authors: Nathaniel S. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two free-lance writers and a lay psychoanalyst have collaborated with a dual purpose: to supply clinical and theoretical information to potential patients so they may be able to refer themselves to competent practitioners for psychoanalytic treatment, and to prepare lecturers on psychoanalysis for questions that lay audiences might pose. Discussions on the indications for psychoanalysis, the precautions to be taken before commencing, and what to expect during the analysis itself, are presented in a series of rigged interviews. The paradigmatic "psychoanalyst" is baited by a cynically provocative "lawyer" and a frequently flippant "career girl" while often supported by a psychiatrically sophisticated "teacher" and a "housewife." He finally succeeds in dissolving doubts and misconceptions with the use of clinical vignettes and their associated theoretical explanations. There are interesting inconsistencies in the portrayal of the psychoanalyst. In the first part of the book he discusses a broad range of psychiatric problems and
Physical mapping of the holoprosencephaly critical region on chromosome 7q36
Authors: Fiorella Gurrieri, Barbara J. Trask, Ger van den Engh, Celeste M. Krauss, Albert Schinzel, Mark J. Pettenati, Detlef Schindler, Jeanne Dietz-Band, Gilles Vergnaud, Stephen W. Scherer, Lap-Chee Tsui, Maximilian Muenke
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
An Appraisal of Ethological Contributions to Psychiatric Theory and Research
Authors: LEONARD S. ZEGANS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The author feels that while it would be a mistake to view ethology as either confirming or negating current psychiatric theories of human development, a comparative ethological approach can identify new and significant problems for research. Ethology may make its most important contribution to the study of man by facilitating the accurate and rich description of how people communicate motivational and affective messages to one another in a natural rather than an experimental setting.
Dynamic high velocity Doppler LV outflow tract signal identifies aortic stenosis patients at high risk for aortic valve replacement
Authors: Stephen Battista, Gerard Aurigemma, Linda Pape, David Orsinelli, Andrea Sweeney, Steven Krendel, Henri Cuenoud, John Paraskos, Bonnie Weiner, Thomas Vander Salm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
New ways of interfering with HCV replication
Authors: Peter Hasselblatt, Hubert E. Blum, Wolf-Bernhard Offensperger
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

RNA interference is a cellular process of gene silencing in which small duplexes of RNA specifically target a homologous sequence for cleavage by cellular ribonucleases. The introduction of approximately 22–nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into mammalian cells can specifically silence cellular mRNAs without induction of the nonspecific IFN responses that are activated by longer RNA duplexes. We investigate in this article whether siRNAs can also silence the expression of the cytoplasmically replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNAs by using a replicon system that supports robust HCV replication, but not the production of infectious virions. We report the efficient silencing of both cellular lamin AC and HCV RNAs in Huh–7 hepatoma cell lines supporting HCV replication. Silencing of HCV RNAs was dose dependent and specific, inasmuch as two HCV variants that differ by 3 nt within the target sequence were only silenced by the exact homologous sequence for each. siRNAs designed to target HCV RNA triggered an exponential decrease in HCV RNA, resulting in an 80–fold decrease in HCV RNA after 4 days. The introduction of siRNAs into cells with established HCV replication cured &gt;98% of these cells of detectable HCV antigen and replication–competent HCV RNAs. These data support the principle of siRNA–based HCV antiviral therapy.
Abstract 5741: GUCY2C opposes systemic genotoxic tumorigenesis by regulating AKT-dependent intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Jieru Egeria Lin, Adam Snook, Peng Li, Stephanie Schulz, Scott Waldman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims. The barrier separating mucosal and systemic compartments is formed by tight junctions annealing epithelial cells together, which limit paracellular exchange that threatens compartmental homeostasis. GUCY2C recently emerged as an intestinal tumor suppressor coordinating AKT1-dependent crypt-villus homeostasis. Here, the contribution of GUCY2C to barrier integrity opposing colitis and systemic tumorigenesis is defined. Methods. Gucy2c−/− and villinERT2-ROSA-Guca2a mouse models, as well as in vivo ligand supplementation models were examined for tight junction structure by expression profile, electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis. Barrier integrity was quantified by oral FITC-dextran after barrier disruption with DSS. Systemic genotoxicity and tumorigenesis were examined in mice with and without GUCY2C signaling. The role of AKT in tight junction regulation was examined in Akt+/− mice and in Caco2 cells using shRNA or AKT mutants. Results. Gucy2c−/− mice exhibited disrupted tight junctions, associated with reduced junctional proteins and barrier hyperpermeability. Conversely, ligand activation of GUCY2C in mice increased junctional proteins and reduced barrier permeability. Further, eliminating GUCY2C exacerbated, while activation reduced, DSS-induced barrier disruption and colitis. Moreover, eliminating GUCY2C amplified, while activation reduced, oxidative DNA damage and tumorigenesis in lymph nodes, liver and lung. GUCY2C regulated barrier integrity by repressing AKT1 which increased the junction proteins occludin and claudin 4 in mice and Caco2 cells. Conclusions. GUCY2C defends the intestinal barrier, restricting permeability to maintain homeostasis in mucosal and systemic compartments. The pathophysiological significance of GUCY2C-dependent barrier protection is highlighted by its impact on colitis and systemic genotoxicity and tumorigenesis in multiple organs. Its translational potential is underscored by the imminent regulatory approval of oral GUCY2C ligands, which can be used for chemoprophylaxis in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5741. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5741
BLUE RUBBER BLEB NAEVI REPORT OF A FAMILY IN WHICH ONLY MALES WERE AFFECTED)
Authors: STEPHEN TALBOT, EDWARD H. WYATT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article BLUE RUBBER BLEB NAEVI REPORT OF A FAMILY IN WHICH ONLY MALES WERE AFFECTED) Get access STEPHEN TALBOT, STEPHEN TALBOT Department of Dermatology, United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EDWARD H. WYATT EDWARD H. WYATT Department of Dermatology, United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 1, 1 January 1970, Pages 37–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb02191.x Published: 01 January 1970 Article history Accepted: 10 June 1969 Published: 01 January 1970