tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current and Projected Workforce Requirements for Care of the Critically Ill and Patients With Pulmonary Disease&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Can We Meet the Requirements of an Aging Population?&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Derek C. Angus, Mark A. Kelley, Robert J. Schmitz, Alan White, John Popovich
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextTwo important areas of medicine, care of the critically ill and management of pulmonary disease, are likely to be influenced by the aging of the US population.ObjectiveTo estimate current and future requirements for adult critical care and pulmonary medicine physicians in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAnalysis of existing population, patient, and hospital data sets and prospective, nationally representative surveys of intensive care unit (ICU) directors (n = 393) and critical care specialists (intensivists) and pulmonary specialists (pulmonologists) (n = 421), conducted from 1996 to 1999.Main Outcome MeasuresInfluence of patient, physician, regional, hospital, and payer characteristics on current practice patterns; forecasted future supply of and demand for specialist care through 2030. Separate models for critical care and pulmonary disease. Base-case projections with sensitivity analyses to estimate the impact of future changes in training and retirement, disease prevalence and management, and health care reform initiatives.ResultsIn 1997, intensivists provided care to 36.8% of all ICU patients. Care in the ICU was provided more commonly by intensivists in regions with high managed care penetration. The current ratio of supply to demand is forecast to remain in rough equilibrium until 2007. Subsequently, demand will grow rapidly while supply will remain near constant, yielding a shortfall of specialist hours equal to 22% of demand by 2020 and 35% by 2030, primarily because of the aging of the US population. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the spread of current health care reform initiatives will either have no effect or worsen this shortfall. A shortfall of pulmonologist time will also occur before 2007 and increase to 35% by 2020 and 46% by 2030.ConclusionsWe forecast that the proportion of care provided by intensivists and pulmonologists in the United States will decrease below current standards in less than 10 years. While current health care reform initiatives and modification of existing practice patterns may temporarily forestall this problem, most anticipated effects are minor in comparison with the growing disease burden created by the aging US population.
National Audit Office criticises uneven funding allocation to CCGs
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Department of Health and NHS England have been criticised for not fairly allocating funding to clinical commissioning groups, after a National Audit Office report found that 19 of the 20 groups in the tightest financial positions received less than their fair share of resources.

Margaret Hodge, chair of the Public Accounts Committee, branded the findings “outrageous” and said it was frustrating that funding decisions were based on judgments rather than on hard evidence.

The report, Funding Healthcare: Making Allocations to Local Areas ,1 found wide variation in the extent to which funding received by local commissioners differed from their target allocations, which were based on relative need. For 2014-15 a total of £79bn (€98bn; $127bn) has been allocated to local …
The management of regional lymph nodes in cancer
Authors: D.B. Pharis, J.A. Zitelli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Early clinical observation in cancer patients suggested that tumours spread in a methodical, stepwise fashion from the primary site to the regional lymphatics, and only then to distant locations. Based on these observations, the regional lymphatics were believed to be mechanical barriers preventing the widespread dissemination of tumour. Despite evidence now available disputing its validity, this barrier theory has guided the surgical management of the regional lymphatics for more than a century, influencing the use of such surgical modalities as therapeutic lymph node dissection, elective lymph node dissection and most recently sentinel lymph node biopsy. No published randomized controlled trial exists that demonstrates improved overall survival for patients with cancer of any type undergoing surgery of the regional lymphatics. We believe the presence of tumour in the regional lymphatics indicates the presence of systemic disease, and therapeutic interventions should be directed accordingly.
A FURTHER STUDY OF THE CROSS REACTION BETWEEN THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF TYPES III AND VIII PNEUMOCOCCI IN HORSE ANTISERA
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Elvin A. Kabat, Manfred Mayer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. The cross reaction of the specific polysaccharide of Type VIII pneumococcus with Type III antipneumococcus horse serum has been studied quantitatively and found similar to the S III-anti-S VIII reaction. 2. Contrasted with the general similarity of the two-segment reaction curves were distinct qualitative and quantitative differences in the course and character of the reciprocal reactions with respect to each segment. 3. These differences could be interpreted in terms of the known chemical differences between the specific polysaccharides of the two types. A minimum molecular weight of 62,000 was calculated for S III and 140,000 for S VIII. 4. It was also found possible to fractionate the Type VIII antibody into portions characteristic of each segment of the cross reaction curve. At least three different kinds of Type III and Type VIII anticarbohydrates were identified.
Systemic itraconazole in the yellow nail syndrome
Authors: A. Tosti, B.M. Piraccini, M. Iorizzo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Although a number of treatments have been reported to be effective with yellow nail syndrome (YNS), vitamin E at high doses is the only one that has been successfully utilized in a consistent number of patients affected by YNS. Recent data indicate that itraconazole pulse regimen may be effective in this disease. We report our experience with itraconazole treatment in patients affected by YNS. Systemic itraconazole was administered in eight patients (five males and three females; mean age 55.2 years), at a dosage of 400 mg daily for 1 week a month for 6 months. Nail growth was measured every 3 months. Complete cure was achieved in two of eight patients, with mild improvement in two and no improvement in four. The results of our study show that itraconazole cannot be considered effective for YNS, especially if compared with vitamin E, the efficacy and tolerability of which is already proven.
Cat scratch responsible for primary cutaneous Nocardia asteroides in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: L. Astudillo, S. Dahan, G. Escourrou, L. Sailler, M. Carreiro, S. Ollier, P. Arlet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Cat scratch responsible for primary cutaneous Nocardia asteroides in an immunocompetent patient Get access L. Astudillo, L. Astudillo Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Dahan, S. Dahan Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Escourrou, G. Escourrou Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Sailler, L. Sailler Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Carreiro, M. Carreiro Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Ollier, S. Ollier Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Arlet P. Arlet Departments of Internal Medicine and *Pathology, University Hospital Rangueil‐Larrey, 1 avenue Jean Pouilhes, 31403 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE‐mail: leoastu@club‐internet.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 4, 1 October 2001, Pages 684–685, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04447.x Published: 01 October 2001
Cereblon is a direct protein target for immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities of lenalidomide and pomalidomide
Authors: A Lopez-Girona, D Mendy, T Ito, K Miller, A K Gandhi, J Kang, S Karasawa, G Carmel, P Jackson, M Abbasian, A Mahmoudi, B Cathers, E Rychak, S Gaidarova, R Chen, P H Schafer, H Handa, T O Daniel, J F Evans, R Chopra
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

Thalidomide and the immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, are therapeutically active in hematological malignancies. The ubiquitously expressed E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN) has been identified as the primary teratogenic target of thalidomide. Our studies demonstrate that thalidomide, lenalidomide and another immunomodulatory drug, pomalidomide, bound endogenous CRBN and recombinant CRBN-DNA damage binding protein-1 (DDB1) complexes. CRBN mediated antiproliferative activities of lenalidomide and pomalidomide in myeloma cells, as well as lenalidomide- and pomalidomide-induced cytokine production in T cells. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide inhibited autoubiquitination of CRBN in HEK293T cells expressing thalidomide-binding competent wild-type CRBN, but not thalidomide-binding defective CRBN(YW/AA). Overexpression of CRBN wild-type protein, but not CRBN(YW/AA) mutant protein, in KMS12 myeloma cells, amplified pomalidomide-mediated reductions in c-myc and IRF4 expression and increases in p21(WAF-1) expression. Long-term selection for lenalidomide resistance in H929 myeloma cell lines was accompanied by a reduction in CRBN, while in DF15R myeloma cells resistant to both pomalidomide and lenalidomide, CRBN protein was undetectable. Our biophysical, biochemical and gene silencing studies show that CRBN is a proximate, therapeutically important molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) multifunctional composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Superb K. Misra, Tahera I. Ansari, Sabeel P. Valappil, Dirk Mohn, Sheryl E. Philip, Wendelin J. Stark, Ipsita Roy, Jonathan C. Knowles, Vehid Salih, Aldo R. Boccaccini
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Left Heart Catheterization by the Transbronchial Route
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, J. ALEX HALLER, EDWARD H. SHARP
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Left heart catheterization is proving of increasing importance in the study of a variety of congenital and acquired cardiovascular defects. More than 500 left heart catheterizations have been performed by the transbronchial method without death or serious sequelae. This technic and its usefulness in clinical investigation and in the assessment of valvular heart disease are described.
Ode to multiauthorship: a multicentre, prospective random poem
Authors: Harold W Horowitz, Nicholas H Fiebach, Stuart M Levitz, Jo Seibel, Edwin H Smail, Edward E Telzak, Gary P Wormser, Robert B Nadelman, Marisa Montecalvo, John Nowakowski, John Raffalli
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Banning Tobacco Advertising: Boon to the Industry?
Authors: William L. Simonich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Companies try to influence consumers by advertising and by product differentiation. In a recent article, Gostin and Brandt<sup>1</sup>present a case for banning all cigarette ads to eliminate this prosmoking influence. Allowing advertising conveys social approval of smoking. However, the precise way advertising affects cigarette consumption is controversial. Individuals may be led to begin smoking by the example of family members, by peer pressure, and/or by advertising.<sup>2</sup>Does advertising induce people to smoke who would not otherwise do so or does it mainly shift consumption among people who have already decided to smoke? If the former, a total cigarette ad ban will reduce aggregate demand. If the latter, a total ad ban will not reduce demand. Instead, it will add billions of dollars to cigarette company profits from foregone ad spending and probably allow companies to reduce cigarette prices and add more new product lines,
Elevated Fibrinogen Levels Are Associated with Risk of Pulmonary Embolism, but Not with Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Jolanta Klovaite, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Marianne Benn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

It is unclear whether elevated plasma fibrinogen is associated with both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and its complication, pulmonary embolism (PE), and whether elevated fibrinogen is a direct cause of these disorders.We tested the hypotheses that elevated plasma fibrinogen is associated with increased risk of DVT alone, with any PE, and with PE in combination with DVT.We studied 77,608 individuals from the Danish general population, of whom 1,679 were diagnosed with DVT alone, 1,119 with any PE, and 272 with both PE and DVT. To test a potential causal relationship using a Mendelian randomization approach, we genotyped for FGB (rs1800790; rs4220) encoding fibrinogen β chain.Increasing plasma fibrinogen quintiles were associated with increased risk of PE in combination with DVT (P-trend < 0.0001): multivariable adjusted odds ratio was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.8) in individuals with fibrinogen levels greater than or equal to 4.6 g/L (fifth quintile) versus less than or equal to 3.0 g/L (first quintile). Corresponding odds ratios were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.3-2.3) for any PE (P-trend < 0.0001) and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.0-3.6) for PE in those with DVT (P-trend = 0.003). There was, however, no association after multivariable adjustment between plasma fibrinogen quintiles and risk of DVT alone (P-trend = 0.4). Fibrinogen-increasing alleles were associated with a 7% lifelong increase in plasma fibrinogen levels; however, these genetic variants were not associated with risk of PE or DVT.Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with increased risk of PE in combination with DVT but not with DVT alone. Elevated fibrinogen levels per se may not be causally associated with PE or DVT. Limitations include imprecise definitions of PE and DVT.
Negative regulation of the SH2-homology–containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) P2 promoter by the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein
Authors: Jihua Cheng, Andre R. Kydd, Koichi Nakase, Kristin M. Noonan, Akikazu Murakami, Hong Tao, Markryan Dwyer, Chen Xu, Quan Zhu, Wayne A. Marasco
Journal: Blood (2007)
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 and Glutamate Signaling in Human Melanoma
Authors: Jin Namkoong, Seung-Shick Shin, Hwa Jin Lee, Yarí E. Marín, Brian A. Wall, James S. Goydos, Suzie Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Recently, several laboratories have started to investigate the involvement of glutamate signaling in cancer. In previous studies, we reported on a transgenic mouse model that develops melanoma spontaneously. Subsequent studies in these mice identified that the aberrant expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) in melanocytes played a critical role in the onset of melanoma. Confirmation of the etiologic role of GRM1 in melanoma development was shown in a second transgenic line with GRM1 expression under the regulation of a melanocyte-specific dopachrome tautomerase promoter. Ectopic expression of GRM1 was also detected in a subset of human melanoma cell lines and biopsies, suggesting that aberrant expression of GRM1 in melanocytes may contribute to the development of human melanoma. GRM1, a seven-transmembrane domain G protein–coupled receptor, is normally expressed and functional in neuronal cells, and its ligand, glutamate, is the major excitatory neurotransmitter. Human melanoma cells are shown here to release elevated levels of glutamate, implying a possible autocrine loop. Treatment of GRM1-expressing human melanoma cells with a GRM1 antagonist (LY367385 or BAY36-7620) or a glutamate release inhibitor (riluzole) leads to a suppression of cell proliferation as well as a decrease in levels of extracellular glutamate. Treatment of human melanoma cell xenografts with riluzole for 18 days via p.o. gavage or i.v. injection leads to inhibition of tumor growth by 50% in comparison with controls. These data suggest the importance of glutamate signaling in human melanoma and imply that the suppression of glutamate signaling may be a new target for melanoma therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2298–305]
A Relaxant of Very Brief Action
Authors: C. F. Scurr
Journal: BMJ (1951)

To 831.I 4% M=M He mentions, too, quoting Patey, that the recurrence may arise from small satellite tumours indep'endent of the main one.The incidence of pa'rotid tumours, other than pleomorphic adenomas, makes any other clinical diagnosis than this u'nwise (except the obvious cancer), and their pathology demands that any surgical treatmnent should be wide excision.McKenzie (1948) has reiterated that Bailey (1948) is inccurate in his description of the gland as a bilobed structure.We have not found Bailey's analogy of the facial nerve as the filling in a parotid sandwich of any v4lue in removing parotid tumours, but our experience of facial-nerve branches and ifilaments makes us acceptMcKenzie's analogs of the parotid growing' like -a creeper, weaving itself into the meshes o'f a trellis-work fence (the facial 'nerve).Kidd (1950) h4s described
ENUCLEATION of UTERINE FIBROIDS
Authors: W. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1898)

t"a] ENVCLEATION OF UTERINE FIBROIDS.[MAY 2X, 1g2. There will probably be advantage in retaining, for a time at least, the.system of calf-to-arm vaccination at the Board's Animal Vaccine Station for such parents and others.as may request it, and for tbe purposes of comparing Its reaults with those following the use of calf lymph pre- served in one or another way.S. The distribution of calf vaccine from the National Vaccine Establish- ment should be limited to glycerinated or similar preparations of lymph or pulp material in airtight tubes or other glass receptacle.4. To give effect to the above it will be requisite that the Board's Animal Vaccine Station should be reorganised, both as regards construc- tion and administration.Notably will it be requisite that it should include a properly equipped laboratory under the direct supervision of a bacteriological expert.
THE VALUE OF X RAYS IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE BREAST
Authors: C. Saberton
Journal: BMJ (1918)

THE BRAST.r ft^left -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MDCLJUNL.. neutralized it, wlile that from the rabbit that had received the stationary dose of this same antigen failed to do so.Fourth Test.On the third day after the tenth dose the serum of all the rabbits was tested against the weak toxin, but none of the rabbits previously negative was found to be other than negative again.The serum of the rabbits prepared witli the following antigens neutralized the toxin:1.The dried coccus, dose stationary. 2. The dried coccus, dose raised.3. The sensitized coccus, dose raised. 4. The raw coccus, dose raised.
Do long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonists enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids in asthma?
Authors: A.J. Knox, Y.M. Zhu, L. Pang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Airway inflammation is a central feature in the pathophysiology of asthma and cytokine networks play a fundamental role in the chronic inflammatory process. Anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids provides the mainstay of asthma management in conjunction with bronchodilator therapy. Short-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists have been used as bronchodilator treatment in asthma for decades and whilst these agents produce useful bronchodilatation through airway smooth muscle relaxation, concerns were raised for several years that they may have deleterious pro-inflammatory effects when given on their own. Short-acting β2-agonists can cause a rebound increase in bronchial responsiveness after cessation of therapy 1 and regular salbutamol use can increase the early response to allergen 2. A number of recent clinical studies, however, particularly with long-acting β2-agonists have contradicted the established dogma that β2-agonists are potentially harmful and may mask underlying inflammation 3–7. Studies with long-acting β2-agonists have shown that when these drugs are given in conjunction with inhaled steroids, they produce beneficial effects on symptoms, airflow and asthma exacerbations 3–7. Whilst these findings may reflect the fact that the best treatment for asthma is to combine an anti-inflammatory drug with a long-acting airway smooth muscle relaxant, they raise the intriguing possibility that there is a beneficial interaction between long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists and corticosteroids on part of the inflammatory process.

There are a number of in vitro studies which suggest potential anti-inflammatory actions of β2-adrenoceptor agonists which may be complementary or even synergistic with the actions of corticosteroids and the manuscript in this issue by Korn et al . …
Late relapses evolve from slow-responding subclones in t(12;21)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: evidence for the persistence of a preleukemic clone
Authors: Marianne Konrad, Markus Metzler, Simon Panzer, Iris Östreicher, Martina Peham, Reinald Repp, Oskar A. Haas, Helmut Gadner, E. Renate Panzer-Grümayer
Journal: Blood (2003)
THE RECLASSIFICATION OF SOME ORGANIC NERVOUS DISEASES ON THE BASIS OF THE NEURON.
Authors: CHARLES K. MILLS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A few neurologic writers have already spoken of organic neuronic diseases, and many views and theories, as well as a considerable terminology springing from the doctrine of the neuron have rapidly been developed. The most important point of the present communication is to direct attention to the fact that the time has arrived for applying the theory of the neuron, or the nerve cell regarded as an anatomic unit in the classification of some of the most important organic nervous diseases, and especially many of those which have been hitherto placed under such heads as system diseases and primary degenerations. In a general way, the diseases to which I shall chiefly refer may be classified under the three heads of<i>toxe-</i><i>mias, inflammations</i>and<i>primary degenerations</i>, but more especially the last. In a fundamental sense they might probably all be classed as toxemias, since the chronic scleroses and degenerations, as
Assessment of Therapy Responses and Prediction of Survival in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Through Computer-Aided Volumetric Measurement on Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Fan Liu, Binsheng Zhao, Lee M. Krug, Nicole M. Ishill, Remy C. Lim, Pingzhen Guo, Matthew Gorski, Raja Flores, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Valerie W. Rusch, Lawrence H. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)