tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sporadic Cases of Hemorrhagic Colitis Associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7
Authors: ROBERT S. REMIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

After two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis associated with a previously unrecognized pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, a surveillance system was established to identify and study sporadic cases of this distinct clinical illness in the United States. Between August 1982 and April 1984, we identified 28 persons from 11 states who met our case definition and whose stool specimens yielded E. coli O157:H7. Patients ranged in age from 1 to 80 years. Seventeen patients required hospitalization. All patients recovered, although one developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome 7 days after the onset of bloody diarrhea. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in stools from persons with hemorrhagic colitis was highly associated with collection of stool specimens within the first 6 days after onset of illness. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates produced a Vero cytotoxin. Hemorrhagic colitis caused by E. coli O157:H7 is widely distributed in the United States as a sporadic illness; clinicians should be aware of its distinctive clinical presentation, and should collect specimens promptly when the diagnosis is suspected.
Failure to find C1q-binding material and anti-IgG antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: B Duquesnoy, F Santoro, P Wattre, B Delcambre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

C1q-binding immune complexes (C1C), anti-IgG antibodies (anti-IgG Ab), and complement levels were investigated in the serum of 37 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In all these studies the mean levels observed in patients with AS were similar to those in 31 normal subjects. Moreover, no significative difference in either CIC or anti-IgG Ab levels was observed when the patients were classified in different clinical forms according to the localisation (peripheral and central) or to the gravity (mild and severe) of the AS. In a parallel study increased CIC and anti-IgG Ab levels were found in most of the 81 patients with seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.
Aortic Aneurysm and Mesenteric Thrombosis, with Infarction of the Bowel
Authors: John B. Walker, John C. Coles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SUCCESSFUL restoration of the arterial supply to the bowel after occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery has been reported on several occasions.1 2 3 It is believed that this is the first reported case in which restoration of superior-mesenteric-artery flow, together with resection of a thin-walled aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, was accomplished in a patient with mesenteric-artery occlusion with infarction and an unrelated aneurysm of the abdominal aorta whose rupture was considered imminent.Case ReportR.N., a 76-year-old woman, was transferred to Victoria Hospital on July 21, 1962, from another hospital, to which she had been admitted 8 days previously. Her . . .
The effect of sucrose on the quality of ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i>) pollen extracts
Authors: P. Cadot, M. Lejoly, E. A. M. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We studied the protein‐stabilizing properties of sucrose, in the extraction medium, on the composition and stability of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen extracts. The effect of 0.5 M and 1 M sucrose was assessed in the presence and absence of 0.5% phenol, which is commonly used as a disinfectant in industrially prepared allergenic extracts. In the absence of phenol, sucrose improves the stability of extracts during storage, but it has little influence on the extraction process. In the presence of 0.5% phenol, however, both the quality of fresh extracts and the stability are greatly improved by 0.5 M and by 1 M sucrose, as shown by electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and RAST‐inhibition experiments. The protection afforded by sucrose against the degrading effect of phenol is particularly evident for the major allergen Lol p 1 and for a set of basic allergens. In this respect, sucrose has been found to be superior to glycerol, on an equimolar basis. One may envisage the use of 0.5 M sucrose in allergenic extracts for intradermal testing and immunotherapy.
Guidelines for peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aorta and lower extremity vessels. A statement for health professionals from a special writing group of the Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology, Arteriosclerosis, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention, the American Heart Association.
Authors: M J Pentecost, M H Criqui, G Dorros, J Goldstone, K W Johnston, E C Martin, E J Ring, J B Spies
Journal: Circulation (1994)
UN chief sets up advocacy group to champion millennium development goals
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Progress on meeting the United Nations’ millennium development goals by 2015 “has been uneven,” the UN chief, Ban Ki-moon, warned on Wednesday 23 June. Progress on some targets, such as lowering child and maternal mortality has been too slow, and other targets, such as efforts to cut hunger, have seen backsliding.

The secretary general acknowledged that the global economic crisis had affected the capacity of nations to support the goals, but he told reporters at a press conference that the economic crisis could not be used as “an excuse to slow down our development efforts—it is a reason to speed them up.”

In a bid to boost political …
Investigation of functions of essential fatty acids in the skin
Authors: C. PROTTEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Essential fatty acid-deficient rats develop scaly skin that has impaired barrier properties and lowered concentrations of linoleic and arachidonic acids in phospholipids. Topical linoleic acid restores impaired barrier function to normal (within 5 days) and increases the amount of linoleic acid in skin lecithin, but has no effect on the low levels of arachidonic acid in this phospholipid, or on skin scaliness, during this time. Topical butyl PGE1 or butyl PGE2 for 1 week have no effect on scaliness, impaired barrier function or lipids. Also, the effect of linoleic acid on barrier function is seen even when prostaglandin synthesis has been inhibited by repeated administration of indomethacin. Intraperitoneal linoleic acid also repairs barrier function but has no simultaneous effect on scaliness; and arachidonic acid, similarly administered, rapidly heals skin scaliness, without simultaneously repairing barrier function. Hypophysectomized rats, which grossly resemble essential fatty acid-deficient rats (their skin is scaly), exhibit virtually normal skin fatty acids, and skin permeability is normal, but such animals do not synthesize prostaglandins. These date indicat that of the 2 major essential fatty acids of rat skin, linoleic and arachidonic acids, athe former is found esterified to phospholipids of epidermal membrancs and is also important in the maintenance of the cutanecous barrier to water loss, whereas the latter, although also found in phospholipids, plays no part in barrier function. rather, it is important as a precursor of prostaglandins, which are thought to be involved in the regulation of normal cell division and differantiation of the epidermis, and, consequently, the control of skin scaliness. Hypophysectomized rats and essential fatty acid-deficient rats are similar as neither can synthesize adequate prostagladins, the former probably because the multi-enzyme complex of prostaglandin synthetase in faulty, the latter due ot ethe absence of essential fatty acid precursors.
Randomized Trial of Intravitreal Clindamycin and Dexamethasone versus Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine, and Prednisolone in Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Masoud Soheilian, Alireza Ramezani, Ahmad Azimzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi Sadoughi, Mohammad H. Dehghan, Reza Shahghadami, Mehdi Yaseri, Gholam A. Peyman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Role of Stress in the Development of the Hyperventilation Syndrome
Authors: Bert Garssen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

The occurrence of the hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) has often been associated with stress. In this experiment with normal subjects responses of PACO2, respiration rate, heart rate and checklist measures were registered in a stressful, real-life situation, namely waiting for an examination. Heart rate and one checklist measure showed a significant arousal response. There was a small but significant decrease in PACO2 from a precontrol session to the stress session, but PACO2 had not returned to base level on a postcontrol session. Respiration rate did not change at all. Similar results in other experiments led to the conclusion that stress brings about only a mild degree of hyperventilation in normal subjects. The discrepancy with results found in HVS patients has been discussed.
Contemporary gastroenteritis of infancy: clinical features and prehospital management.
Authors: M E Ellis, B Watson, B K Mandal, E M Dunbar, A Mokashi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In a prospective survey carried out over 12 months 447 children aged under 2 years were admitted to the Manchester Regional Infectious Diseases Unit for treatment of gastroenteritis. Comparison of the children with those in a survey 15 years previously in the same unit showed that the illness was milder than in the earlier series, with no deaths and with lower incidences of hypernatraemia (1%), uraemia (8%), and dehydration (14%). These improved findings occurred despite several deficiencies of care in the prehospital phase of the illness, particularly poor compliance with the widely recommended guidelines for fluid and dietary management in infantile gastroenteritis.
Clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of very young children with type 1 diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.
Authors: J Komulainen, P Kulmala, K Savola, R Lounamaa, J Ilonen, H Reijonen, M Knip, H K Akerblom
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of type 1 diabetes in very young children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical outcome, islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), antibodies against GAD (GADA), IA-2 antibodies (IA-2A), and HLA-DQB1-defined genetic risk were analyzed in 35 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 2 years of age and compared with those in 146 children who were diagnosed between 2.0 and 4.9 years of age and with those in 620 children diagnosed between 5.0 and 14.9 years of age. RESULTS: The youngest age-group had severer metabolic decompensation at clinical onset, and their serum C-peptide levels, compared with those of older children, were lower at the time of diagnosis and during the first 2 years after the diagnosis. The levels of ICA and IAA were highest in children &amp;lt; 2 years of age, but there were no differences in GADA levels among the three age-groups. The youngest age-group had the lowest IA-2A levels. The HLA DQB1*02/*0302 genotype associated with strong genetic susceptibility was more frequent in children diagnosed &amp;lt; 5 years of age, whereas the proportion of children carrying a genotype, which includes protective alleles, was higher among those diagnosed at &amp;gt; or = 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes at a very young age is associated with severe metabolic decompensation, poorly preserved residual beta-cell function, strong humoral autoimmunity against islet cells and insulin, and strong HLA-defined disease susceptibility.
UTERINE SPASM COMPLICATING POLLEN ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
Authors: I. S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1928)

This case report is made merely on account of the rarity of this particular complication. I have not seen it reported in the rather voluminous literature on allergy, and various workers of wide experience in this field have advised me that they have never seen or heard of a similar instance. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. W. J. H., a tertipara, aged 30, had suffered for four years with typical severe seasonal hay-fever due to various grasses. Desensitization with timothy extract was started, April 16, 1927, and, as the patient lived in a farming community, was gradually raised to rather high dosages, so that by the middle of September she was taking 0.6 cc. of a 1:20 extract (nitrogen, 0.5 mg. per cubic centimeter) without reactions and with good clinical results. On account of the persistence of slight morning symptoms, and because there was a grass
Why do obstetricians and midwives still rush to clamp the cord?
Authors: D. J. R. Hutchon
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In 2007 an editorial by Andrew Weeks advised that it was better for the baby not to rush to clamp and cut the cord at birth ( BMJ 2007;335:312, doi:10.1136/bmj.39282.440787.80). He believed that it was time for us to follow the World Health Organization and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and that other guidelines should remove the need for early cord clamping as part of active management of the third stage of labour. In the three years since this editorial there has been no significant change in practice and no change in the guidelines of the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Why are obstetricians so reluctant to change?

All mammals must transfer from placental to pulmonary respiration at birth; and, as with all our functions, Darwinian principles have ensured that this can usually occur without outside intervention. Transition involves ventilation of the lungs, which opens the pulmonary circulation, and this is followed by closure of the placental circulation. During these first few minutes the neonate remains at roughly the level of the placenta. In nature no clamp is involved, and constriction of the arteries (followed by …
The visual categories for letters and words reside outside any informationally encapsulated perceptual system
Authors: Jeffrey S. Bowers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

According to Pylyshyn, the early visual system is able to categorize perceptual inputs into shape classes based on visual similarity criteria; it is also suggested that written words may be categorized within early vision. This speculation is contradicted by the fact that visually unrelated exemplars of a given letter (e.g., a/A ) or word (e.g., read/READ ) map onto common visual categories.
Gas6 induces Akt/mTOR-mediated mesangial hypertrophy in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Kojiro Nagai, Takeshi Matsubara, Akira Mima, Eriko Sumi, Hiroshi Kanamori, Noriyuki Iehara, Atsushi Fukatsu, Motoko Yanagita, Toru Nakano, Yoshikazu Ishimoto, Toru Kita, Toshio Doi, Hidenori Arai
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Phosphorus Deprivation Treatment of Tumoral Calcinosis
Authors: G. MOZAFFARIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Phosphorus Deprivation Treatment of Tumoral CalcinosisG. MOZAFFARIAN, M.D., M. K. NAKHJAVANI, M.D., M. H. HEDAYATI, M.D., S. SHAMEKH, M.D.G. MOZAFFARIAN, M.D., M. K. NAKHJAVANI, M.D., M. H. HEDAYATI, M.D., S. SHAMEKH, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-120_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Successful treatment of tumoral calcinosis with phosphorus deprivation was reported by Mozaffarian, Lafferty, and Pearson (1). They suggested the use of aluminum hydroxide containing antacids and a diet low in calcium and phosphorus.In support of the efficacy of this treatment we wish to describe a 16-year-old Iranian boy with a 7-year history of development of hard tumors in the regions of the hip and right scapula.Three operations had been required to remove large calcific masses from the hip and right scapula areas 3 and 6 years previously, respectively. The histologic diagnosis was tumoral calcinosis.On...Reference1. MOZAFFARIANLAFFERTYPEARSON GFO: Treatment of tumoral calcinosis with phosphorus deprivation. Ann Intern Med 77:741-745, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pahlavi School of Medicine University of Tehran Tehran, Iran PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySedimentation sign: a classical finding on tumorous calcinosisTumoral Calcinosis Presentation in Operated Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Case Report and Review of LiteratureHyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis: Genetic Models of Deficient FGF23 ActionHyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (FGF23, GALNT3 and αKlotho)PROPOSAL FOR A PATHOGENESIS-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF TUMORAL CALCINOSISTumoral Calcinosis after Thumb Tip InjuryTumoral calcinosis: Case reprot and reviewTumoral calcinosis: Serial images to monitor successful dietary therapyTumoral calcinosis: scintigraphic studies of an affected family 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 120-120KeywordsCalciumDietHipPhosphorus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Commentary: Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria
Authors: R.A. Sabroe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Chronic urticaria affects approximately 0·1% of the population. The disease is not life threatening, but it is very disabling and has a significant effect on quality of life.1 Approximately 50% of patients are unresponsive to H1‐antihistamines,2 and commonly used second‐line agents such as ciclosporin or prednisolone have marked adverse effects. Thus there is a need for a safe and effective second‐line therapy. Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody that is effective in asthma and has a very good safety record,3 appears to fulfil this need. The main drawback at present is its cost. In this multicentre, phase 3 study, Maurer et al.4 gave three different doses of omalizumab to 323 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) resistant to treatment with antihistamines. Short‐term use of omalizumab produced a significant reduction in urticaria scores, particularly at the highest dose of 300 mg monthly, with little in the way of adverse events.
Gap junctions and connexin-interacting proteins
Authors: B Giepmans
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Gap junctions form channels between adjacent cells. The core proteins of these channels are the connexins. Regulation of gap junction communication (GJC) can be modulated by connexin-associating proteins, such as regulatory protein phosphatases and protein kinases, of which c-Src is the best-studied. Structural proteins, notably zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and microtubules, have been found recently at gap junctions. Along with the expansion of the list of connexin-associating proteins, reports have appeared that suggest that connexins might have additional roles in addition to their channel function, such as transcriptional and cytoskeletal regulation. Here, gap junction interacting proteins are reviewed and their function is addressed. The striking similarity of proteins present at the cytoplasmic face of tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions and their possible role in gene transcription and cytoskeletal anchorage is highlighted.
Hormonal assessment before and after vasectomy.
Authors: D C Skegg, J D Mathews, J Guillebaud, M P Vessey, S Biswas, K M Ferguson, Y Kitchin, M D Mansfield, I F Sommerville
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Animal experiments have suggested that vasectomy may disturb the endocrine function of the testis. To explore this possibility in man blood was obtained from 277 men who had undergone vasectomy up to six years earlier or who were about to undergo the operation. Mean plasma testosterone concentrations seemed to be slightly higher in those who had undergone vasectomy than in the preoperative group, although this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between these two groups in the concentrations of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, or oestradiol.
Finasteride to Prevent Morbidity from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: John H. Wasson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor that slows the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, is now a proven treatment for men who wish to reduce the genitourinary symptoms or the risk of serious complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this issue of the Journal, McConnell et al.1 report that finasteride reduced the rate of acute urinary retention by 57 percent and the need for prostatectomy by 55 percent in a large group of men with this disorder. Nevertheless, treatment with finasteride to prevent these complications may be unwarranted for most men with symptoms of this disorder. Here is why.First, even among . . .
Intubation in Epiglottitis
Authors: Shirley Harold Baron
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  In the Nov 11 issue ofThe Journal(230:821, 1974), a letter by Rucker and Harrison states that an endotracheal tube is left in place for three to four days in children with acute epiglottitis. I approve of the use of a small endotracheal tube when there is respiratory distress, but this should be followed by an orderly tracheotomy, a procedure that I have done for years.  With every instance of epiglottitis, there is some inflammation of the internal structures of the larynx. Leaving a foreign body in such a larynx for three or four days is definitely a hazard. The authors are fortunate not to have had a laryngeal complication with this prolonged intubation method.
Professor Drife is on holiday
Authors: J O Drife
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A deadline is a deadline, as the Prof said before he left for the airport, but I don't see why he should ask me to write his column for him. I think that's the registrar's job. It's a mean trick making the SHO do it. Still, maybe it was meant kindly. He said it counts as a publication. Perhaps he recognised my facility with language from my stylish discharge letters.

Not that he actually threatened me. None of that “remember who writes your reference” stuff, though I'm sure some consultants would have taken that line. Did you see that excellent …
Ileal metastasis from thoracic melanoma disclosed by video capsule endoscopy: an unusual but not extraordinary source of obscure bleeding
Authors: V. De Francesco, G. Stoppino, P. Tonti, M. D’Agnessa, M. Castriota, C. Panella, E. Ierardi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Malignant melanoma has a propensity to metastasize to the small bowel [1] [2]. Diagnosis is complicated by the difficulty of investigating the entire area with current examinations, such as barium enteroclysis, enteroscopy, contrast ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resulting in delayed diagnosis and a worsening of the prognosis [3] [4]. We report a case of small-bowel melanoma metastasis revealed by video capsule endoscopy.
Steroids in the Treatment of Brain Edema
Authors: Robert A. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Brain edema accompanies a wide variety of pathologic processes and contributes to the morbidity and mortality of many neurologic diseases. It has a major role in head injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and brain tumor. Edema also accompanies cerebral infections, including brain abscess, encephalitis and meningitis, lead encephalopathy, liver failure, hypoxia, hypo-osmolality, the disequilibrium syndromes associated with dialysis and diabetic ketoacidosis, demyelinating diseases, and the various forms of obstructive hydrocephalus. The clinical assessment of brain edema has been greatly facilitated by computed tomography, which allows visualization of the extent of edema with an accuracy not previously possible. Laboratory studies of . . .