tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Bronchial Lavage of Pediatric Patients with Asthma Contains Infectious <i>Chlamydia</i>
Authors: Wilmore C. Webley, Paul S. Salva, Chester Andrzejewski, Frances Cirino, Corrie A. West, Yaphet Tilahun, Elizabeth S. Stuart
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of asthma, and the disease has greatly impacted the public health care system. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been reported as a possible contributing factor in asthma. The organism has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bronchial tissue, but there has been no direct evidence of viability. To determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia in children, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected from 70 pediatric patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Forty-two of these patients had asthma, whereas the remaining patients had various respiratory disorders. Fifty-four percent (38) of the bronchoalveolar lavage samples were PCR-positive for Chlamydia, and 31% (22) of the PCR-positive samples were positive when cultured on macrophages. Twenty-eight samples (40%) and 14 samples (20%) of the PCR- and culture-positive samples, respectively, were from patients with asthma. Culture of the blood samples revealed that 24 (34.3%) of 70 were positive for Chlamydia compared with 8 (11%) of 70 matched nonrespiratory control subjects (p < 0.01); 17 (24%) of the positive blood cultures from the respiratory group were from patients with asthma. Elevation of total IgE was strongly associated with lavage culture positivity for Chlamydia. We therefore conclude that viable Chlamydia pneumoniae organisms are frequently present in the lung lavage fluid from this cohort of predominantly asthmatic pediatric patients.
Canadian doctors' leader calls for more central funding
Authors: D. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The new president of the Canadian Medical Association, Dr Victor Dirnfeld, says that Canada's publicly financed universal healthcare system is suffering from serious underfunding, which has led to poorer access to services, lengthening waiting lists, and a disaffected medical profession.

Dr Dirnfeld has long called for a parallel private healthcare system in Canada. However, in his inaugural speech he said that he would shelve this personal view to “reflect, represent, and promote the official views of …
A Pathogenetic Role for TNFα in the Syndrome of Cachexia, Arthritis, and Autoimmunity Resulting from Tristetraprolin (TTP) Deficiency
Authors: Gregory A Taylor, Ester Carballo, David M Lee, Wi S Lai, Michael J Thompson, Dhavalkumar D Patel, Daniel I Schenkman, Gary S Gilkeson, Hal E Broxmeyer, Barton F Haynes, Perry J Blackshear
Journal: Immunity (1996)
Graduate Education in Preparation for Surgical Specialties
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THREE COMPONENTS of our total educational program, that in medical school, that at the resident level (graduate), and that of the physician in practice (continuing education), are now so dependent, one upon the other, that I feel obligated to comment briefly upon the first and the last before taking up in more detail that of graduate education. Modern education, at the medical school level, began with the implementation of the recommendations of Abraham Flexner following his survey of our medical schools 54 years ago. This study was stimulated and the responsibility for its implementation was accepted by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association later to be shared by the Association of American Medical Colleges through the liaison committee representing these two groups. It is this committee representing the two associations which establishes minimum educational standards for the medical schools of this country and, by a system
Measurement of disease activity and outcome in atopic dermatitis
Authors: A.Y. FINLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Measurement of disease activity and outcome in atopic dermatitis Get access A.Y. FINLAY A.Y. FINLAY Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine. Health Park Cardiff C4F 4XN U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 4, 1 October 1996, Pages 509–515, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1031.x Published: 01 October 1996 Article history Accepted: 23 February 1996 Published: 01 October 1996
A novel Ncr1-Cre mouse reveals the essential role of STAT5 for NK-cell survival and development
Authors: Eva Eckelhart, Wolfgang Warsch, Eva Zebedin, Olivia Simma, Dagmar Stoiber, Thomas Kolbe, Thomas Rülicke, Mathias Mueller, Emilio Casanova, Veronika Sexl
Journal: Blood (2010)
Sun protection provided by ladies stockings
Authors: S.A. SINCLAIR, B.L. DIFFEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Bowen's disease, squamous and basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma occur more frequently on the lower leg of women compared with men, presumably because of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure as a consequence of dress. While it is apparent from simple observation that stockings are transparent to light, systematic data on UV transmission through stockings are lacking. The purpose of this study was to measure the spectral transmission of UVR through a range of thickness and colours of plain–knit ladies stockings, and to use these data to calculate the sun protection factor (SPF). We found that SPFs increased from about 1.5 to 3.0 for black stockings ranging from 10 to 40 denier; there were statistically significant differences in SPFs with colour (higher for darker colours) and site (higher at the distal calf than at the proximal calf); and for every colour and denier of stocking tested, UVA and UVB were absorbed equally. We conclude that the most popular type of stocking (15 denier) provides an SPF of less than 2, and that women who require photoprotection to the legs be advised to wear trousers or at least a 40 denier stocking.
A Case of Retropharyngeal Soft-Tissue Swelling: The Definitive Diagnosis Revealed
Authors: Harris Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Yang et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Retropharyngeal Soft-Tissue Swelling in an Elderly Man," is interesting. The authors included a Table for the differential diagnosis of retropharyngeal soft-tissue swelling. I would like to add one more entity to the differential diagnosis, because it is not uncommon and is little known to general physicians—acute calcific tendonitis of the neck.<sup>2-4</sup>To my knowledge it has not been described in a general medical journal. Acute calcific tendonitis of the neck, characterized by a triad of acute cervical pain, prevertebral soft-tissue swelling, and retropharyngeal calcification, can be diagnosed with certainty on a lateral cervical spine radiograph. The calcification is anterior to Cl and C2, and the majority of cases have cervical rigidity and pain upon motion. Dysphagia is frequently present, and pain may radiate to the head. Fever and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate may occur. Many of the
Clinical decision analysis. The hazard of using additional data
Authors: J. C. Sisson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Acquisition of laboratory data bearing on a clinical problem may make patient care worse rather than better. The hazards of obtaining new information, that go beyond the monetary costs and risks to physical well-being, are frequently not appreciated by physicians. In the complex and many-faceted practice of medicine, intuition, even when expressed by experienced clinicians, may lead to faulty judgments. Decision analysis gives a systematic exposition of clinical management, and lessens, if not eliminates, the influence of biased and unreliable intuition. With practice, most physicians could employ decision analysis to help solve moderately complicated problems at the bedside or in the office. Use of this tactic will make gaps in knowledge explicit, and may thereby stimulate investigations to ensure better clinical judgments in the future.
Book Review The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment — a multinational consensus Edited by Douglas A. Drossman, with Joel E. Richter, Nicholas J. Talley, W. Grant Thompson, Enrico Corazziari, and William E. Whitehead. 370 pp., illustrated. Boston, Little, Brown, 1994. $87.50. 0-316-19342-9
Authors: Debra F. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Learning from Hackers: Open-Source Clinical Trials
Authors: Adam G. Dunn, Richard O. Day, Kenneth D. Mandl, Enrico Coiera
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Open sharing of clinical trial data has been proposed as a way to address the gap between the production of clinical evidence and the decision-making of physicians. A similar gap was addressed in the software industry by their open-source software movement. Here, we examine how the social and technical principles of the movement can guide the growth of an open-source clinical trial community.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria
Authors: Xiao Xu, Di Lu, Qi Ling, Xuyong Wei, Jian Wu, Lin Zhou, Sheng Yan, Liming Wu, Lei Geng, Qinghong Ke, Feng Gao, Zhenhua Tu, Weilin Wang, Min Zhang, Yan Shen, Haiyang Xie, Wenshi Jiang, Haibo Wang, Shusen Zheng
Journal: Gut (2015)

Vascular calcification is the formation of mineralised tissue within the walls of arteries and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathology involves the osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and matrix mineralisation. The development of vascular calcification has many similarities to bone formation; although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the bioactive sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are regulators of bone formation. The levels of ceramide are controlled by neutral sphingomyelinases (nSMase) and the levels of S1P by sphingosine kinases (SK). Our aim was to investigate whether sphingolipid signalling is involved in VSMC matrix mineralisation. Bovine aortic VSMCs were cultured in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) to induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralisation; control VSMCs were cultured minus BGP. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by down-regulation of VSMC markers (alpha-SMA, SM22-alpha) and up-regulation of osteogenic markers (Runx2, Msx2). Matrix mineralisation was detected using alizarin red and quantified by dye elution. mRNA expression of nSMase-1and3 and SK-1and2 isoforms was determined by Q-PCR and nSMase activity was measured using a fluorescent <i>in vitro</i> assay. Ceramide species and S1P levels were measured by mass spectroscopy. nSMase activity was inhibited by GW4869 (1–10 µM). Total SK activity was inhibited by Ski-II (1 µM), SK1 specific activity by SK1-I (1 µM) and SK2 specific activity by ABC294640 (5 µM). At the onset of matrix mineralisation, nSMase1, nSMase3 and SK2 mRNA expression increased significantly by 50% (P &lt; 0.05); no changes were detected in SK1 mRNA expression. nSMase activity also increased by 25% at the onset of mineralisation. During matrix mineralisation the levels of long-chain ceramide species increased and when mineralisation was wide-spread the level of S1P increased two-fold, compared to controls. Pharmacological inhibition of nSMase activity significantly increased matrix mineralisation in a dose-dependent manner (1 µM P &lt; 0.05; 10 µM P &lt; 0.01). Inhibition of total SK activity also increased mineralisation by 50% (P &lt; 0.05). The specific SK2 inhibitor, ABC294640 increased mineralisation by 20% (P &lt; 0.05); in contrast, the specific SK1 inhibitor, SK1-I, had no effect. These data demonstrate for the first time that bioactive sphingolipids modulate VSMC matrix mineralisation. The pharmacological inhibition of nSMase and SK2 activity imply that bioactive sphingolipids are inhibitors of matrix mineralisation. The results of this study may identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of vascular calcification.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia — Identifying the Hydra's Heads
Authors: Michael F. Clarke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) begins as an indolent disease in which the myeloid lineages in the bone marrow and blood gradually expand. Untreated, this chronic phase of CML inexorably progresses to an accelerated phase and finally to a blast crisis, in which large numbers of blast cells appear in the bone marrow and blood. The hallmark of CML is the Philadelphia chromosome, which corresponds to a t(9;22) translocation in which sequences of BCR that encode the N-terminal region of the BCR protein fuse with the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of the ABL oncogene. This chimeric gene (BCR-ABL) is central . . .
Hypokalaemia in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: M. A. MIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Potassium balance studies were carried out in 32 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and its variants. Serum K level fell below 3.5 meq/litre in 19 (59%) of these patients at some stage of their illness. There was no correlation between urinary and serum lysozyme (muramidase) concentrations and the low serum K level. In addition to the unexplained urinary K loss, there appear to be other factors contributing to the development of hypokalaemia.
The arms race and health care.
Authors: D J Holdstock
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The probable medical consequences of nuclear war have attrac? ted much attention recently.1 2 Less well recognised are the economic effects of preparations for war, both nuclear and conventional, which have vital implications for the quality and quantity of health care both at home and throughout the world. The data presented here are mainly from the Western world, where such information is more freely available than behind the Iron Curtain. Official USSR figures for their military expendi? ture are certainly too low, but Western estimates of Russian expenditure on arms are equally certainly too high.3 4 There can be little doubt that the Russian economy, and hence standards of health care in the USSR and its satellites, is considerably damaged by its high level of military spending. Defence budgets are presented in such a way that it is difficult or impossible to estimate how military resources are divided between preparations for nuclear and conventional war,5 though figures of 20% for nuclear war for the super-powers and 10% for world military spending are usually quoted. Electronic equipment, delivery systems such as planes and missiles, and personnel can all be used for either nuclear or conventional war.
P212 Assessing the Repeatability of Bacterial Detection in Stable COPD Using Several Methods
Authors: BL Barker, H Patel, K Haldar, V Mistry, M Pancholi, M Barer, CE Brightling, M Bafadhel
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Stable COPD patients are colonised if potentially pathogenic organisms are identified on sputum culture. Associations between colonisation and clinical features such as exacerbation frequency and airway inflammation have been suggested. There is however limited data describing the reproducibility of sputum microbiology results in clinically stable COPD patients. <h3>Aims</h3> Examine repeatability of sputum microbiology in subjects with stable COPD over time. <h3>Methods</h3> Subjects with COPD were enrolled into an observational study and seen at baseline and at stable visits after 3 and 6 months. Sputum was obtained and samples were divided and analysed over time using standard culture, semi-quantitative bacterial count (colony forming units, CFU), PCR for potentially pathogenic organisms [<i>(Haemophilus influenzae</i> (HI), <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (SP), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA), <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (MC)] and quantitative bacterial 16S analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 63 subjects provided paired sputum samples; 52 were male with a mean (SD) FEV1 (L) and FEV1/FVC ratio (%) of 1.48(0.54) and 53% (12.8) respectively. 40% were current smokers with an exacerbation frequency of 3 in the preceding year. <h3>Results</h3> for standard culture were divided into two groups (culture positive or negative). Results are expressed as Kappa values (95% CI). There was moderate agreement after 3 months, Kappa = 0.48 (0.24 to 0.71); and after 6 months, Kappa = 0.50 (0.25 to 0.76). Individual PCR revealed fair agreement after both time intervals. After 3 months, HI=0.17(–0.08 to 0.43), SA=0.27(–0.03 to 0.56), SP=0.30(0.06 to 0.53), MC=0.19(–0.04 to 0.43). After 6 months, HI=0.09(–0.18 to 0.35), SA=0.10(–0.22 to 0.43), SP=0.37(0.13 to 0.62) and MC= –0.14(–0.4 to 0.11). Quantitative bacterial analysis demonstrated no differences (mean difference; 95% CI) at 3 or 6 months in bacterial load measured by CFU (–0.18; –0.41 to 0.04, p=0.11 and –0.06; –0.32 to 0.2, p=0.65 respectively) or 16S (–0.03; –0.28 to 0.33, p=0.86 and –0.1; –0.42 to 0.22, p=0.54 respectively). <h3>Discussions</h3> These results demonstrate that sputum microbiological assessment in stable COPD is complex. Further longitudinal assessments of sputum microbiology and associations with clinical features are needed.
Sinus node responses to perfusion pressure changes, ischaemia and hypothermia in the isolated blood-perfused dog atrium
Authors: M. KOBAYASHI, D. GODIN, R. NADEAU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Sinus node responses to perfusion pressure changes, ischaemia and hypothermia were evaluated in 22 isolated blood-perfused dog atria. Sinus cycle length (SCL) was measured and sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was estimated using the premature atrial stimulation technique (PAS) and the constant atrial pacing method (CAP). There was a good correlation between the results obtained with both techniques (r=0.8297) but CAP had less depressing action on sinus node automaticity. Increasing the perfusion pressure from 100 to 200 mmHg did not influence estimated SACT nor SCL. However, a reduction in perfusion pressure (from 100 to 50 mmHg) markedly shortened SCL without significantly decreasing estimated SACT. Lowering temperature from 37 to 25°C caused a linear increase in estimated SACT and SCL. Occlusion of the sinus node artery induced a sinus tachycardia which was not blocked by sotalol. Estimated SACT was significantly shorter 1 min after occlusion and longer 3 min after occlusion; this increase was significantly inhibited by atropine infusion. Thus, the increase in estimated SACT seen after occlusion might be related to cholinergic activity. However, the sinus tachycardia following a decrease in perfusion pressure might be due to activation of the stretch-receptors while the one seen after reduction in blood flow and occlusion of the sinus node artery seems more likely to be a consequence of ischaemia.
Red Blood Cell Mass and Plasma Volume Changes in Manned Space Flight
Authors: Craig L. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Plasma volume, red blood cell mass, and erythrocyte survival determinations were performed for the Gemini astronauts before and after Gemini orbital flights IV, V, and VII. Plasma volume decreases similar to those seen after bed rest and water immersion were found in Gemini IV and V. While each of these flights was affected by different stresses and the data accumulated are not as complete or extensive as desired, the results suggest that the plasma volume changes associated with the shorter flights may have been compensated for in the longer Gemini VII flight. These preliminary studies showed decreases in the survival of erythrocytes and red blood cell mass (both studied with sodium chromate Cr 51) in Gemini V and VII. No compensation for the RBC mass decrease was found even in the longer flight. Data obtained indicate decreased RBC mass is a result of mild hemolysis of unknown cause.
Cancer Treatment: Immunologic and Chemotherapeutic Interrelationships
Authors: Daniel S. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

OUR EARLIER WORK documented that surgical reduction of large and well-established transplantable tumors permits noncurative courses of appropriate anticancer agents to completely eradicate the residual remnants of established tumor tissue.<sup>1,2</sup>The probability that these findings were generally applicable was suggested by the variety of agents (6-mercaptopurine, thio-tepa, cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan], 6-aminonicotinamide and puromycin) demonstrated to produce these results, and the multiple types of tumor (RC, Sarcoma 180, Walker 256) employed in 3 strains of mice and in 1 rat tumor. The present communication reports data demonstrating immune mechanisms as responsible for the observed inverse relationship between chemotherapeutic cure and tumor size (that is, the smaller the tumor, the greater the chemotherapeutic cure rate). In addition, chemotherapeutic cure of spontaneous tumors by means of the above experimental design is also reported. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The animals, housed in stainless steel and plastic cages, with ad libitum access to food (standard laboratory
Glucagon cell adenomatosis: A new entity associated with necrolytic migratory erythema and glucagonoma syndrome
Authors: Agnes I. Otto, Marta Marschalko, Attila Zalatnai, Miklos Toth, Janos Kovacs, Judit Harsing, Zsolt Tulassay, Sarolta Karpati
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Spectrum of diverse genomic alterations define non–clear cell renal carcinoma subtypes
Authors: Steffen Durinck, Eric W Stawiski, Andrea Pavía-Jiménez, Zora Modrusan, Payal Kapur, Bijay S Jaiswal, Na Zhang, Vanina Toffessi-Tcheuyap, Thong T Nguyen, Kanika Bajaj Pahuja, Ying-Jiun Chen, Sadia Saleem, Subhra Chaudhuri, Sherry Heldens, Marlena Jackson, Samuel Peña-Llopis, Joseph Guillory, Karen Toy, Connie Ha, Corissa J Harris, Eboni Holloman, Haley M Hill, Jeremy Stinson, Celina Sanchez Rivers, Vasantharajan Janakiraman, Weiru Wang, Lisa N Kinch, Nick V Grishin, Peter M Haverty, Bernard Chow, Julian S Gehring, Jens Reeder, Gregoire Pau, Thomas D Wu, Vitaly Margulis, Yair Lotan, Arthur Sagalowsky, Ivan Pedrosa, Frederic J de Sauvage, James Brugarolas, Somasekar Seshagiri
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Correction: Degree for Dr. Charles R. Cagin
Authors: MARY OLLISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1979Correction: Degree for Dr. Charles R. CaginMARY OLLISONMARY OLLISONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-1-134 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the by-line for the article "Bullets, Lead Poisoning, and Thyrotoxicosis" in the October issue (Ann Intern Med89:509-511, 1978), the degree for Charles R. Cagin should have been the D.O., not the M.D.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1979Volume 90, Issue 1Page: 134-134 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Aspects of Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: W. W. Mushin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A glance at the contents of this book is enough to dispel any ambiguity created by the title.This book is no exercise in micro- physiology, but is the latest addition to those which deal with renal failure, and the substitution of "nephron failure" is an ex- ample of what was stigmatized by Quiller- Couch as "elegant variation."The authors divide the course of renal failure, in terms of treatment, into phases of conservation, substitution, and replacement, the latter two