tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PENILE ULCER CAUSED BY ENDAMEBA HISTOLYTICA
Authors: Harold B. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Preclinical and clinical studies of Endameba histolytica infection are well known to the medical profession and have served materially in its proper prophylaxis and therapeutic control. While the pathology of this clinical entity has received considerable attention, infection of the penis by the Endameba histolytica organism is practically unknown. The case reported here is unusual not only because of its rarity but because of the difficulties in diagnosis and prompt response to specific therapy. Only 1 case of a similar nature has been reported in the literature. Amebiasis occurs quite commonly in the southern United States. Our patient was a native of Florida. Infection takes place essentially by way of the mouth. The active vegetative endamebas live in the tissues of the intestinal wall, where they ingest blood corpuscles and multiply by division. In the primary amebic lesions the amebas make their way into the follicles of the large intestine,
FoxM1 mediates the progenitor function of type II epithelial cells in repairing alveolar injury induced by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Authors: Yuru Liu, Ruxana T. Sadikot, Guy R. Adami, Vladimir V. Kalinichenko, Srikanth Pendyala, Viswanathan Natarajan, You-yang Zhao, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

The alveolar epithelium is composed of the flat type I cells comprising 95% of the gas-exchange surface area and cuboidal type II cells comprising the rest. Type II cells are described as facultative progenitor cells based on their ability to proliferate and trans-differentiate into type I cells. In this study, we observed that pneumonia induced by intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in mice increased the expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxM1 in type II cells coincidentally with the induction of alveolar epithelial barrier repair. FoxM1 was preferentially expressed in the Sca-1+ subpopulation of progenitor type II cells. In mice lacking FoxM1 specifically in type II cells, type II cells showed decreased proliferation and impaired trans-differentiation into type I cells. Lungs of these mice also displayed defective alveolar barrier repair after injury. Expression of FoxM1 in the knockout mouse lungs partially rescued the defective trans-differentiation phenotype. Thus, expression of FoxM1 in type II cells is essential for their proliferation and transition into type I cells and for restoring alveolar barrier homeostasis after PA-induced lung injury.
Contractile activity of the human colon: lessons from 24 hour studies.
Authors: G Bassotti, M D Crowell, W E Whitehead
Journal: Gut (1993)

The motor function of the colon is probably the least understood of the various hollow viscera of the human body. This is partly because of the marked variability of colonic motor function and the short recording periods usually used, generally not exceeding three hours. Most of the data available on human colonic motility originate from investigations conducted in the most distal portions of the viscus, because of technical difficulties in reaching its proximal portions. Although attempts have been made to solve these problems through the ingestion of radiotelemetric pressure sensors, these efforts have been hampered by intermittent signal loss and the inability to control the location of the capsule within the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome these problems, techniques have recently been developed that permit prolonged recordings (24 hours or more) of myoelectrical and contractile activity of the human colon, with both perfused and solid-state manometric systems. The present paper reviews the current experience in 24 hour recording from the human colon, with a primary emphasis on the more forceful propulsive contractile activity associated with the so called mass movements.
Skeletal disease in the elderly.
Authors: J T Leeming
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Clearly pollution of soil with toxocaral ova is common and widespread; no region in Britain appears to be immune and the prevalence of such contamination does not vary greatly from region to region or from season to season. Evidence ob tained from incubating the ova in the laboratory and from feeding them to animals indicates that toxocaral ova in soil are able to convey infection to animals, and therefore to man. The third part of this work?that is, the testing of children living and playing in the neighbourhood of parks where soil was found to contain the ova?indicates that toxocaral infection can indeed be transmitted to children playing on infected soil. Among those with a positive reaction to the toxocaral skin test the precise place or places where infection had been acquired must remain conjectural, but the significant points are that in fection is being transmitted to them and that soil is an impor tant source of infection. The control of pollution by dogs and cats of soil in public places used by children would be one way to prevent such infection. Moreover, those playing on contaminated or potentially contaminated soil or sand should wash their hands afterwards, and particularly before consuming food. This simple measure might also be applied to those handling soil while gardening. Clearly in creasing attention should be given to the hygienic control of dogs and cats to prevent them contaminating public places with infective excreta; owners should ensure that their animals are free from infection and are not a public danger.
Medical Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Abscess
Authors: Weldon J. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN TREATING patients with suppurative lung abscess the practitioner is often confused by the conflicting views expressed in current medical literature. Should such cases be treated surgically from the onset, with immediate drainage or resection,1 or should they be followed with watchful expectancy because some will heal spontaneously?2 It is my opinion that neither view is correct, that time is precious and that intensive and strenuous medical measures should be instituted immediately. If these procedures do not meet with rapid success, surgical intervention should not be delayed. When lung abscesses were diagnosed early, medical measures have led to recovery in . . .
Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: evidence of recurrence of primary disease
Authors: Vlad Ratziu, Didier Samuel, Mylène Sebagh, Olivier Farges, Faouzi Saliba, Philippe Ichai, Hocine Farahmand, Michèle Gigou, Cyrille Féray, Michel Reynès, Henri Bismuth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Supplemented Fasting as a Large-Scale Outpatient Program
Authors: Victor Vertes
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Although supplemented fasting is now established as an efficient means of achieving substantial weight reduction in massively obese persons, widespread application of this treatment is contingent on its successful adaptation to a large-scale outpatient regimen. Of 519 patients treated as outpatients, 78% lost a minimum of 18.2 kg during the course of treatment. The overall rate of weight loss was 1.5 kg/wk, with females averaging 1.3 kg/wk and males, 2.1 kg/wk. The majority of patients tolerated the regimen well and were able to continue normal daily activities without experiencing any serious side effects.
DUAL X-RAY BONE ABSORPTIMETRY (DXA) OF PATIENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS
Authors: J. Mack, G. Edelstein, C. Kaplan, A. Friedman, D. Pressman, J. Sheckman, A. Kaji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Mack, J.; Edelstein, G.; Kaplan, C.; Friedman, A.; Pressman, D.; Sheckman, J.; Kaji, A. Author Information
948 COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED VERSUS NOSOCOMIAL SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Y.E. Chon, S.U. Kim, C.K. Lee, J.Y. Park, D.Y. Kim, K.H. Han, C.Y. Chon, S. Kim, S.H. Ahn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Pathogenesis of Cerebral Infarction
Authors: A. Gillis
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Delays in referral of symptomatic patients for chest X-ray (CXR) has been proposed as one explanation for poorer survival from lung cancer in UK compared to other developed nations. Such delays may reflect patients not seeking medical advice for persistent respiratory symptoms, or not being referred for CXR following presentation to primary care. We sought to determine the relationship between GP CXR referral rates and patient characteristics at the time of lung cancer diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected for the number of CXRs ordered by GP practises in Leeds between 2008 and 2010 (corrected for list size). Patient characteristics at presentation with lung cancer (stage and performance status), treatment and outcome (one year survival) were compared over the same three year period. GP practises were grouped into quintiles by CXR referral rate (according to population served), and lung cancer outcomes compared between quintiles. <h3>Results</h3> CXR referral rates varied from 6.7 to 62.3 CXRs per 1,000 population per year. Data was collected for 1,394 patients diagnosed with lung cancer. The number of lung cancer diagnoses per CXR quintile were 230, 276, 258, 322, 308 from lowest to highest CXR quintile respectively. The proportion of patients with early stage disease at presentation (stage I and II) did not vary by CXR quintile (29.6%, 26.1%, 28.7%, 26.7%, 25.6% from lowest to highest CXR rates). Similarly there were no differences in the distribution of performance status, the proportion of patients undergoing any anti-cancer treatment and one year survival between the quintile groups. When the cohort was split into 2 groups by CXR rates, no differences in lung cancer outcomes were seen between GP practises (number of lung cancers 660 for low CXR group vs. 734 for high CXR group). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite demonstrating large variability in CXR rates, our small single-centre study does not show a link between referral rates and lung cancer outcomes. This study is underpowered to detect small changes in survival or stage shift, but suggests large differences in outcome are unlikely to result from this variability in practise at primary care level.
Kwashiorkor: an electron histochemical study of the hair shaft
Authors: C.L. GUMMER, R.P.R. DAWBER, R.R.M. HARMAN, ISOBEL S. KING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Previous studies on hair in kwashiorkor have been equivocal regarding the normal or abnormal incorporation of amino acids into the hair shaft. In this study we have applied a sensitive electron histochemical technique to transverse sections of scalp hair from children with severe kwashiorkor in order to study its infrastructure and the incorporation of sulphur-containing amino acids (cystine). We have found no evidence to support the idea that a protein deficient diet in the weaning or post-weaning period directly affects the distribution and relative amounts of sulphur-containing amino acids in the hair shaft in this disease.
Low priority for maternity services blamed for deaths
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Maternity services at New Cross Hospital in Wolverhampton, where three babies died unexpectedly in the space of two months, had such a low priority among senior management that they have been described as “invisible” by an independent review.

The Healthcare Commission (also called the Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection) found that although prenatal mortality at New Cross Hospital was no higher than at hospitals serving similar populations in other parts of the country, two …
Abstract 4477: pH-responsive PEG-HPAH micelles for drug delivery and their potential in cancer therapy
Authors: Qin Xu, Jingshuang Yu, Bangshang Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract pH-responsive hyperbranched polymers have attracted much attention due to their unique properties for tumor-targeted drug delivery. In this study, we describe a pH-responsive drug carrier, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-hyperbranched polyacylhydrazone (HPAH), which can form nanoscale micelles to be used as anti-cancer drug carriers with pH-controlled drug release. The molecular structure of PEG-HPAH was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The drug-loaded micelles with a diameter of approximately 190 nm, were prepared using a dialysis method against PBS with a pH of 8.0. The drug-loaded micelles showed the desired pH-dependent drug release properties. The drug release levels were low at neutral and alkaline pH, but increased significantly with a decrease in the pH of the medium. Intracellular uptake results indicated that the PEG-HPAH-drug micelles could efficiently deliver chemotherapeutic drugs into the cells. In addition, it was found that the subcellular localization of the drug-loaded micelles was different from that of free drugs, in which the drug-loaded micelles were mainly in the cytoplasm. The docetaxel (DTX)-loaded PEG-HPAH micelles presented a high cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro. When combined with the administration of glucose, the PEG-HPAH-DTX micelles exhibited a superior anti-tumor efficacy and a lower systemic toxicity in vivo. The biodistribution profile showed increased accumulated drug levels in tumor tissue and plasma in micelles treated group. The results indicate that the nanoscale PEG-HPAH-DTX micelles may serve as a novel selective tumor-targeting drug delivery system. Citation Format: Qin Xu, Jingshuang Yu, Bangshang Zhu. pH-responsive PEG-HPAH micelles for drug delivery and their potential in cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4477. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4477
Vaccine Progress Report
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caspase-12 Modulates NOD Signaling and Regulates Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Mucosal Immunity
Authors: Philippe M. LeBlanc, Garabet Yeretssian, Nancy Rutherford, Karine Doiron, Amal Nadiri, Lei Zhu, Douglas R. Green, Samantha Gruenheid, Maya Saleh
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Histological Transformation of Follicular Lymphoma After Treatment
Authors: Luisa Maria Mena, Xavier Setoain, Pau Abrisqueta, Sonia Rodríguez, Armando López-Guillermo, David Fuster, Sergio Lafuente, Silvia Fuertes, Sebastia Rubí, Francesca Pons
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

In 1984 a 61-year-old man diagnosed with grade 1 stage III-A follicular lymphoma (FL) was successfully treated with CHOP regimen, reaching a complete response. Twenty years later the patient presented with a grade 1 FL relapse that was treated with 4 doses of rituximab, once again reaching complete response. In June 2007 the patient had another systemic relapse and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-avid lymphadenopathy in multiple locations above and below the diaphragm, as well as a focal bone FDG uptake in the pelvis. The patient was treated with 1184 MBq (32 mCi) of Y-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan and 3 months later another PET/CT revealed normal FDG uptake in the previously involved lymph nodes. However, the pelvic lesion had increased in size and intensity of FDG uptake. A bone biopsy confirmed histologic transformation to an aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Abstract 5477: mTOR inhibitors protect from apoptosis in B-ALL cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Thanh-Trang Vo, David A. Fruman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Although most children can be cured by combination chemotherapy, 10-20% are refractory or have early relapses. These high-risk B-ALLs include Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) and Ph-like with activated tyrosine kinases that drive elevated signaling through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. High mTOR signaling correlates with poor prognosis. These findings have raised interest in targeting mTOR in B-ALL and other leukemias. Novel inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are in clinical development, but little is known about how these agents modulate responses to the standard of care in B-ALL. Here we have tested inhibitors of various nodes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on B-ALL cells in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. The data show that PI3K inhibition sensitizes B-ALL cell lines to chemotherapy but, surprisingly, mTOR inhibition induces resistance to several drugs. This chemotherapy resistance is observed when using rapamycin as well as active-site mTOR inhibitors (MLN0128 and AZD8055). The degree of drug resistance conferred by mTOR inhibition varies with different chemotherapeutic agents. mTOR inhibition best protects cells from killing by methotrexate and is least protective when combined with daunorubicin. In Ph+ cell lines, dasatinib also confers resistance to methotrexate that correlates with mTOR inhibition. We designed a simple in vitro model of relapse in which B-ALL cells were treated for 3 days with chemotherapy alone or with mTOR inhibitor, followed by 9 days of culture without drugs. Including mTOR inhibitor in the first culture period resulted in a striking increase in outgrowth of viable cells compared to chemotherapy alone. Mechanistic studies show that resistance does not correspond with effects on cell cycle. Preliminary data indicate that mTOR inhibition enhances DNA repair in B-ALL cells treated with etoposide or AraC. Further studies to define the resistance mechanisms and reverse the protective effect could potentially augment the effectiveness of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results will lead to a better understanding of how to best utilize PI3K pathway inhibitors in combination with standard chemotherapy as an option for high-risk B-ALL cases driven by oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Citation Format: Thanh-Trang Vo, David A. Fruman. mTOR inhibitors protect from apoptosis in B-ALL cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5477. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5477
Factors Determining the Blood Pressure Response to Enalapril and Nifedipine in Hypertension Associated With NIDDM
Authors: Juliana C N Chan, M Gary Nicholls, Chi-Keung Cheung, Lap-Kay Law, Ramasmyiyer Swaminathan, Clive S Cockram
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To examine the factors that determine the blood pressure response to enalapril and nifedipine monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).After a 6-week placebo baseline period, 102 hypertensive NIDDM patients were randomly assigned, double-blindly, to treatment with nifedipine retard (slow release) (n = 52) or enalapril (n = 50). The daily dosage of enalapril was increased, if required, from 10 to 20 to 40 mg and that of nifedipine from 40 to 60 to 80 mg at 4-week intervals during the 12-week titration period. Blood pressure, 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), biochemical data, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity were measured at weeks -6, -4, 0, 4, 8, and 12. At week 0, venous blood was also sampled for baseline plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone, and serum insulin concentrations.At week 12, the mean daily dose of enalapril was 35 +/- 11.4 mg, and 27 (57%) patients were receiving the maximum daily dose of 40 mg. In the nifedipine group, the mean daily drug dose was 50 +/- 12.9 mg, and 4 (8%) were receiving the maximum daily dose of 80 mg. Despite a dose-dependent fall in the serum ACE activity in the enalapril group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by only 8 mmHg throughout the 12-week titration period compared to a decline of 15, 18, and 19 mmHg at weeks 0, 4, and 12, respectively, in the nifedipine group (P = 0.01 between groups). In the enalapril group, changes in MAP between weeks 0 and 12 correlated significantly with baseline plasma glucose (r = 0.45, P = 0.001) and aldosterone concentrations (r = -0.32, P = 0.02) and UAE (r = 0.3, P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant correlation between the changes in MAP and baseline plasma renin concentration. On multivariate analysis, the baseline renal function, glycemic control, and plasma aldosterone and serum insulin concentrations were all independently related to the changes in blood pressure in the enalapril-treated patients. No such statistical associations were observed in the nifedipine group.In hypertensive NIDDM patients, the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the level of serum insulin, glycemic control, renal function, and proteinuria may be important determinants of the blood pressure response to ACE inhibition. Good glycemic control may optimize the antihypertensive efficacy of concomitant ACE inhibitor therapy.
Stamina: the Thread of Human Life
Authors: Caroline B. Thomas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

What human qualities contribute to future health? In the prospective Precursors Study, a cohort of medical students was measured and tested at a mean age of 23 and followed for up to 33 years. As subjects developed disease and/or died prematurely, youthful psychological profiles characterizing several major disorder groups were distinctive. Whereas physicians in midlife who had remained in good health had had youthful profiles suggesting self-esteem, a warm relationship with parents, an open, flexible approach to life, minimal nervous tension under stress, and a lack of morbid psychodynamic undertones in response to the Rorschach test, subjects in the mental, cardiovascular and neoplasm groups showed different psychological patterns. One of the most striking findings was that the Family Attitude Questionnaire showed that the cancer and mental disorder groups were similar in their lack of closeness to parents, in contrast to the cardiovascular and healthy groups. The kaleidoscope model is proposed.