tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated plasma fibrinopeptide A and thromboxane B2 levels during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Authors: G C Davies, M Sobel, E W Salzman
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Patients who underwent operations in which cardiopulmonary bypass was used had elevations of plasma fibrinopeptide A which did not return to normal during bypass despite conventional heparin anticoagulation, suggesting inadequate heparin dosage and continued thrombin activity during the operation. Patients who underwent aortocoronary artery grafting had high plasma thromboxane B2 levels and a rapid fall in platelet count at the onset of extracorporeal circulation. Thromboxane elevations were less marked in patients who underwent valve replacement. Platelet aggregation and coronary artery constriction secondary to thromboxane production may contribute to the morbidity of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Effects of Modafinil on Dopamine and Dopamine Transporters in the Male Human Brain
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, David Alexoff, Wei Zhu, Frank Telang, Gene-Jack Wang, Millard Jayne, Jacob M. Hooker, Christopher Wong, Barbara Hubbard, Pauline Carter, Donald Warner, Payton King, Colleen Shea, Youwen Xu, Lisa Muench, Karen Apelskog-Torres
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Modafinil, a wake-promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy, is increasingly being used as a cognitive enhancer. Although initially launched as distinct from stimulants that increase extracellular dopamine by targeting dopamine transporters, recent preclinical studies suggest otherwise.To measure the acute effects of modafinil at doses used therapeutically (200 mg and 400 mg given orally) on extracellular dopamine and on dopamine transporters in the male human brain.Positron emission tomography with [(11)C]raclopride (D(2)/D(3) radioligand sensitive to changes in endogenous dopamine) and [(11)C]cocaine (dopamine transporter radioligand) was used to measure the effects of modafinil on extracellular dopamine and on dopamine transporters in 10 healthy male participants. The study took place over an 8-month period (2007-2008) at Brookhaven National Laboratory.Primary outcomes were changes in dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor and dopamine transporter availability (measured by changes in binding potential) after modafinil when compared with after placebo.Modafinil decreased mean (SD) [(11)C]raclopride binding potential in caudate (6.1% [6.5%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5% to 10.8%; P = .02), putamen (6.7% [4.9%]; 95% CI, 3.2% to 10.3%; P = .002), and nucleus accumbens (19.4% [20%]; 95% CI, 5% to 35%; P = .02), reflecting increases in extracellular dopamine. Modafinil also decreased [(11)C]cocaine binding potential in caudate (53.8% [13.8%]; 95% CI, 43.9% to 63.6%; P < .001), putamen (47.2% [11.4%]; 95% CI, 39.1% to 55.4%; P < .001), and nucleus accumbens (39.3% [10%]; 95% CI, 30% to 49%; P = .001), reflecting occupancy of dopamine transporters.In this pilot study, modafinil blocked dopamine transporters and increased dopamine in the human brain (including the nucleus accumbens). Because drugs that increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens have the potential for abuse, and considering the increasing use of modafinil, these results highlight the need for heightened awareness for potential abuse of and dependence on modafinil in vulnerable populations.
TWO SEBORRHEIDS OF THE FACE.I. ACNE RUBRA SEBORRHEICA. II. PITYRIASIFORM SEBORRHEID OF THE FACE.
Authors: M. F. ENGMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>ACNE RUBRA SEBORRHEICA.</h3> At the third International Congress of Dermatology and Syphilography, Petrini described two cases of a disease of the skin of the face in middle-aged women, which appeared in the form of small red papules, especially about the nose. He recognized from the color and clinical features of this affection that it was a distinct and characteristic condition. To this affection he applied the term acne rubra seborrheica. In 1903 Pringle undoubtedly described the same condition in an article<sup>1</sup>to which he gave the title, "A Rare Seborrheid of the Face." Since that time we have carefully watched the literature for further contributions on this condition, but after a rather thorough search no further data could be obtained. One of us had for years been in the habit of classing the affection above named under the term "seborrheic acne." It seems strange that more attention has not
Violence in America: Time to Bite the Bullet Back
Authors: D. James Sceats
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was a little dismayed at the AMA's becoming involved in the antigun cause without considering the causes for their violence. The use of guns for criminal activities cannot be justified, but the gun is not to blame; the person who holds it is.<sup>1</sup> A comparison of five societies would be instructive: Japan, Switzerland, the United States, South Africa, and Ireland. To blame the guns for the violence is ridiculous. A frequently used example of low violence and restrictive gun laws is Japan. Both are true, but the reason for the low level of violence may be the culture, not the gun laws. In Switzerland, they also have a low crime rate, but assault weapons are readily accessible to the male population, as they are generally in the Army. In both Japan and Switzerland the population is well educated and homogeneous. The United States has a
Clearance of bacteriuria on discontinuing oral contraception.
Authors: D A Evans, L Miao, C H Hennekens, E H Kass
Journal: BMJ (1980)

returned within one day (cases 1 and 2) and 10 days (case 4).In addition, two patients (cases 2 and 3) almost lost their sweats when taking cimetidine.This is a preliminary report.Further investigations, including a-randomised double-blind trial (which we are now doing), are required before this drug can be generally recommended for pruritus in Hodgkin's disease.
Alcohol-Use Patterns Through Medical School
Authors: David C. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We describe the patterns of alcohol use of one medical school class assessed repeatedly over time from the first day of medical school to a point several months short of graduation. Although male students consistently drank more than their female counterparts during the preclinical years, the men reduced their alcohol intake during the clinical years to converge on the lower, more consistent intake rates of their female classmates. Over the four years of medical school, 11% of the students met criteria for excessive drinking for at least one six-month period and 18% were identified as alcohol abusers by Research Diagnostic Criteria during the first two years. More than half of the excessive drinkers met abuse criteria, whereas only one third of the alcohol abusers were also excessive drinkers. Alcohol abusers had better first-year grades and better overall scores on the National Board of Medical Examiners, part I, test than their classmates. The implications of these findings for designing and implementing alcoholism intervention/prevention programs in medical schools are discussed herein. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2921-2926)
Extracellular matrix production by adipose-derived stem cells: Implications for heart valve tissue engineering
Authors: Francesca Colazzo, Padmini Sarathchandra, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Adrian H. Chester, Yuan-Tsan Tseng, Jan T. Czernuszka, Magdi H. Yacoub, Patricia M. Taylor
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Good news for treating HIV and tuberculosis co-infection?
Authors: L K K Tan
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Breen RAM, Miller RF, Gorsuch T, et al . Virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is unaffected by antituberculosis therapy. J Infect Dis2006;193:1437–40 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] The global burden of tuberculosis and HIV continues to increase. However, the combination of HAART and tuberculosis treatment is potentially problematic due to interactions, side effects and pill burden; this may lead to failure of HAART. Case notes of 156 HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared with a matched control … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BInfect%2BDis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1086%252F503437%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16619192%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=jinfdis&resid=193/10/1437&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F9%2F816.atom
Sex sells, and under age sex sells even more
Authors: A. Furedi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Sometimes you read an academic paper and then you read a newspaper report of it and so great is the gap between your interpretation and that of the journalist that you wonder if you share a common language. When, earlier this month, the authors of an NHS Centre for Review and Dissemination report on teenage pregnancy read reports of their work, they must have wondered if the journalists responsible came from the same planet.

The report carefully reviews educational approaches to the prevention of teenage pregnancy, along with the effectiveness of different contraceptive delivery systems. It drew sensible conclusions that were no surprise to anyone familiar with current discussions of the subject. School based sex education, especially when linked to confidential contraceptive services, the report said, can be effective in reducing teenage pregnancy. It observed that “young people who are already sexually active …
Asthma as a Risk Factor for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Authors: Thomas R. Talbot, Tina V. Hartert, Ed Mitchel, Natasha B. Halasa, Patrick G. Arbogast, Katherine A. Poehling, William Schaffner, Allen S. Craig, Marie R. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We conducted a nested case–control study to examine the association between asthma and invasive pneumococcal disease. The study population included persons 2 to 49 years of age who were enrolled in Tennessee's Medicaid program (TennCare) for more than one year during the study period (1995 through 2002) and who resided in counties participating in a prospective laboratory-based program of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease. For each subject with invasive pneumococcal disease, 10 age-matched controls without invasive pneumococcal disease were randomly selected from the same population. TennCare files were queried to identify the presence of coexisting conditions that confer a high risk of pneumococcal disease. For the purpose of our study, asthma was defined by documentation of one or more inpatient or emergency-department diagnoses of asthma, two outpatient diagnoses, or the use of asthma-related medications. High-risk asthma was defined as asthma requiring admission to a hospital or a visit to an emergency department, the use of rescue therapy or long-term use of oral corticosteroids, or the dispensing of three or more prescriptions for β-agonists within the year before enrollment in the study.
Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy.
Authors: E G Stewart-Wayne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

were stored at -18°C until assayed using materials supplied by the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, USA.Expressing the results as percentages (mean ± SEM) of the plasma prolactin value obtained when blood was spun immediately after venepuncture, at 2 days at 37°C the value in the men was 116 ± 16% and in the women 140 ± 21% of the initial value: at 5 days at 37°C the mean value in men was 77±12% and in women
Functional significance of human female orgasm still hypothetical
Authors: Nicholas Pound, Martin Daly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Human males are more polygamously inclined than females. However, there is substantial within-sex variation in polygamous inclinations and practices. This is acknowledged by Gangestad &amp; Simpson but we pose the question: Is the target article's “strategic pluralism” pluralistic enough? In addition, we argue that the hypothesis that the female orgasm is an adaptation for post-copulatory female choice between rival ejaculates demands more research.
THE TREATMENT OF AMBULATORY GYNECOLOGIC CASES.
Authors: DENSLOW LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Sanger tells us that gynecology is the surgery of the female genitalia. His definition is neither exact nor complete, but it is clinically useful. As a matter of fact the first thing to be determined in every gynecologic case is the advisability of operation. A necessary subdivision of the question is at once apparent. There is the consideration of immediate operation at the time of examination, the operation in such cases being trivial. There is to be considered the advisability of local and systemic treatment, which is often to a great extent tentative, with the reasonable hope that surgical treatment may ultimately be dispensed with or may become relatively insignificant, at least not especially dangerous, and finally, there is the certainty that operative measures are imperative, perhaps that their immediate adoption is the only known means of relief or of saving life, in which event removal of the patient to
Re: Michael L. Eisenberg, Benjamin J. Davies, Matthew R. Cooperberg, et al. Prognostic Implications of an Undetectable Ultrasensitive Prostate-Specific Antigen Level after Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2010;57:622–30
Authors: Piet Ost, Alberto Bossi, Gert De Meerleer
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Promiscuous MYC locus rearrangements hijack enhancers but mostly super-enhancers to dysregulate MYC expression in multiple myeloma
Authors: M Affer, M Chesi, W D Chen, J J Keats, Y N Demchenko, K Tamizhmani, V M Garbitt, D L Riggs, L A Brents, A V Roschke, S Van Wier, R Fonseca, P L Bergsagel, W M Kuehl
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Final results from 10 year cohort of patients undergoing surveillance for Barrett's oesophagus: observational study
Authors: C. E Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To review the benefit of an endoscopic surveillance programme for patients with Barrett's oesophagus.Observational study.University teaching hospital.409 patients in whom Barrett's oesophagus was identified during 1984-94; 143 were entered into the annual surveillance programme.Development of dysplasia and cancer and mortality.The average period of surveillance was 4.4 years; 55 patients were reassessed in 1994 but only eight remained in the programme in 1999, withdrawal being due to death (not from carcinoma of the oesophagus), illness, or frailty. Five of the patients who entered surveillance developed carcinoma of the oesophagus. Only one cancer was identified as a result of a surveillance endoscopy, the others being detected during endoscopy to investigate altered symptoms. Of the 266 patients who were not suitable for surveillance, one died from oesophageal cancer and 103 from other causes. Surveillance has resulted in 745 endoscopies and about 3000 biopsy specimens.The current surveillance strategy has limited value, and it may be appropriate to restrict surveillance to patients with additional risk factors such as stricture, ulcer, or long segment (>80 mm) Barrett's oesophagus.
Evaluation of Association Between Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Uptake with Right Ventricular Functions in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Murat Sunbul, Tarik Kivrak, Mustafa Oguz, Salih Ozguven, Serkan Gungor, Fuat Dede, Halil Turgut Turoglu, Bedrettin Yildizeli, Bulent Mutlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
OXYCEPHALY AND ALLIED CONDITIONS IN MAN AND IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Harry S. N. Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Craniosynostosis and the pathological complex with which it is associated in the rabbit are not identical with the abnormalities seen in man; but apparently the two sets of conditions have enough in common to warrant the conclusion that they probably have a common mode of origin. The evidence so far obtained shows that in the rabbit these conditions are hereditary. The factors for the production of the cranial abnormalities are widespread, but the occurrence of deformities is comparatively rare in a general animal population. In-breeding and selective matings, however, tend to increase their frequency and also the frequency of other abnormalities with which they may be associated, either by chance or by close genetic relationship in the germ plasm. In this way, a pathological complex is built up and perpetuated. In so far as the cranial abnormalities are concerned, it seems now that oxycephaly and related conditions are variations resulting from a displacement or division of primary ossification centers controlled by hereditary factors.
Increased platelet deposition on atherosclerotic coronary arteries.
Authors: G H van Zanten, S de Graaf, P J Slootweg, H F Heijnen, T M Connolly, P G de Groot, J J Sixma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

A ruptured atherosclerotic plaque leads to exposure of deeper layers of the plaque to flowing blood and subsequently to thrombus formation. In contrast to the wealth of data on the occurrence of thrombi, little is known about the reasons why an atherosclerotic plaque is thrombogenic. One of the reasons is the relative inaccessibility of the atherosclerotic plaque. We have circumvented this problem by using 6-microns cryostat cross sections of human coronary arteries. These sections were mounted on coverslips that were exposed to flowing blood in a rectangular perfusion chamber. In normal-appearing arteries, platelet deposition was seen on the luminal side of the intima and on the adventitia. In atherosclerotic arteries, strongly increased platelet deposition was seen on the connective tissue of specific parts of the atherosclerotic plaque. The central lipid core of an advanced plaque was not reactive towards platelets. The results indicate that the atherosclerotic plaque by itself is more thrombogenic than the normal vessel wall. To study the cause of the increased thrombus formation on the atherosclerotic plaque, perfusion studies were combined with immunohistochemical studies. Immunohistochemical studies of adhesive proteins showed enrichment of collagen types I, III, V, and VI, vitronectin, fibronectin, fibrinogen/fibrin, and thrombospondin in the atherosclerotic plaque. Laminin and collagen type IV were not enriched. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) was not present in the plaque. The pattern of increased platelet deposition in serial cross sections corresponded best with areas in which collagen types I and III were enriched, but there were also areas in the plaque where both collagens were enriched but no increased reactivity was seen. Inhibition of platelet adhesion with a large range of antibodies or specific inhibitors showed that vWF from plasma and collagen types I and/or III in the plaque were involved. Fibronectin from plasma and fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, and thrombospondin in the vessel wall had no effect on platelet adhesion. We conclude that the increased thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic lesions is due to changes in quantity and nature of collagen types I and/or III.
Gaps—Anionic and Osmolal
Authors: Neil Smithline
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Gaps is a bedside diagnostic game. It is played in two versions by nephrologists. It deserves wider application by the practicing physician. The more popular version, Anion Gaps, shows the presence of undetermined anions and alerts the physician to the possibilities of laboratory error, severe derangements in serum protein metabolism, or the ingestion of certain ionic compounds that directly or indirectly alter the concentration of routinely undetermined anions. A second version, Osmolal Gaps, shows the presence of unmeasured osmoles or of increased plasma solids and can be used in a variety of clinical situations to direct attention to laboratory, error, hyperproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, or the presence of unmeasured osmoles in the serum.
And the beat goes on ... the beat goes on: organization and quasi-periodicity in ventricular fibrillation
Authors: J. Jalife
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘KATP channel opening accelerates and stabilizes rotors in a swine heart model of ventricular fibrillation’ by J.G. Quintanilla et al ., pp. 576–585, this issue. 

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a remarkably complex and seemingly disorganized cardiac excitation, in which propagating electrical waves fail dismally to activate the ventricles synchronously, with the consequent loss of contractile function. Despite its declining incidence, VF is still a major cause of sudden cardiac death in industrialized nations, which accounts for nearly 300 000 annual fatalities in the USA alone.1,2 Clinically, VF can be observed on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as the sudden transition from the highly ordered and rhythmic pattern generated by sinuatrial activation into an irregular and aperiodic pattern, with undulating and variable morphology of the QRS complex.

Traditionally, the highly aperiodic and irregular ECG traces associated with VF have been thought to be the result of a totally random excitation of the ventricles.3,4 However, over the last 20 years,5 numerous advances in high-resolution spatiotemporal imaging, computer simulations, molecular, and genetic techniques have led to the gradual emergence of a new concept of VF, which turns out to be much more organized than the ECG would first suggest.6,7 Such new advances have allowed investigation into the dynamics of fibrillatory behaviour and, just as important, the mechanisms underlying such dynamics in the structurally normal heart. Our technology has progressed to the point where we can now integrate multiple levels of organization, from the molecule to the organ level, as an aid to generate a cohesive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the generation and maintenance of VF even in the structurally abnormal, diseased heart. With such efforts, we might be able to improve patient outcomes through the development of better designed and …
A piece of my mind. The great wait
Authors: J. F. Lalikos
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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