tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin Markers of Malignancy
Authors: I. B. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The great advances in scientific techniques have of late overshadowed purely clinical methods of study; in fact, many may say that the day of the clinician is over and that in the near future an electronic computer will give a more reliable diagnosis than the skilled physician.At present diagnosis from clinical observation is still necessary, and in no field of medicine is this more exciting than in the interpretation of skin eruptions associated with visceral disease.Dr. Watson Smith was himself interested in manifesta- tions of systemic disease in the skin and gave a lecture in Melbourne in 1935 on this subject.It seemed to me appropriate, therefore to choose as a topic for this year's Watson Smith Lecture the occurrence of skin lesions with systemic carcinoma.It is less than one hundred years since the idea of a skin change which could accompeny an internal carcinoma arose.Hebra (1868) described the cachexia of carcinoma and pigmentation of the skin wherever the carcinoma might be.William Frank Smith (1871), in an article on pigmenta- tion, listed pigmentation of the skin caused by cancerous growths of the abdominal viscera, but it is uncertain if this was a personal observation or based on Hebra's paper.In the same year Mitchell (1871) described the case of a woman who developed " a deep bronzing, most intense on the face and on the hands, which looked as though they had been dipped in muddy water and hastily dried, leaving traces of yellow in the creases "-a perfect description.During her illness the patient suffered from an eczematous affection which left deeply stained scars.Necropsy revealed a cancerous mass in the pelvis with metastases in the liver and lungs but no definite primary.The adrenal glands were not involved.Peutz-Jehers Syndrome A paper on the relation of cancer to skin diseases by Gaskoin (1874), although not greatly enlightening as it suggested that the offspring of cancer patients were prone to acne and psoriasis, showed at least that this was a current topic at that time; but it was not until 1890, when both Pollitzer and Janovsky independently described acanthosis nigricans, that the first dermatosis which is constantly associated with internal cancer was recognized.Shortly afterwards Jonathan Hutchinson (1896), who so rarely missed a clinical syndrome, described the cases of twin girls with pigmentation around their mouths.He noted that "they [the pigmented spots] are not in any active sense pathological, we may safely assume, for they remain non- aggressive and the subjects remain in good health."In 1919 Parkes Weber reported that one of the twins described by Hutchinson had died of intussusception.Peutz (1921) recognized the familial nature of the pigmentation of the lips and its association with polyposis of the gastro-intestinal tract.Nearly thirty years later Jeghers et al. (1949) described 10 more cases, and thus the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was born.The essential skin changes of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are pigmented macules that appear in infancy and which may fade or
Molecular profiling of contact dermatitis skin identifies allergen-dependent differences in immune response
Authors: Nikhil Dhingra, Avner Shemer, Joel Correa da Rosa, Mariya Rozenblit, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Julia K. Gittler, Robert Finney, Tali Czarnowicki, Xiuzhong Zheng, Hui Xu, Yeriel D. Estrada, Irma Cardinale, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Reports by anaesthetists to procurators-fiscal: analysis of "anaesthetic deaths" over 10 years in four Scottish teaching hospitals.
Authors: A L Gillies, D S Arthur, A L Forrest, J I Lawson, A H Masson, A A Spence
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Review of 489 "anaesthetic deaths" reported to procurators-fiscal over 10 years disclosed only 30 that were thought to justify such reporting. Most of the remainder occurred in patients so desperately ill at the time of operation that death was expected. Postmortem examinations ordered by the Crown authorities in nearly all cases were probably largely unrewarding and mostly unnecessary. The results suggest that the present regulation on reporting should be revised to focus more attention on the few deaths that occur in patients who have no apparent contraindication to anaesthesia or operation.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic health conditions after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study
Authors: Can-Lan Sun, Liton Francisco, Toana Kawashima, Wendy Leisenring, Leslie L. Robison, K. Scott Baker, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Stephen J. Forman, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 4946: Aberrant methylations of microRNA-9s in lung cancers
Authors: Takayuki Muraoka, Shinichi Toyooka, Junichi Sou, Yuho Maki, Tsuyoshi Ueno, Norimitsu Tanaka, Keiju Aokage, Hiroaki Asano, Kazunori Tsukuda, Masaomi Yamane, Oto Takahiro, Shinichiro Miyoshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression by inducing messenger RNA degradation or interfering with translation. miRNAs regulate many cellular processes and have been shown to be associated with cancer development. Recent study showed that miR-9s consisting of mir-9-1,9-2, 9-3 regulates E-cadherin. On the other hand, it has been reported that that methylation of miR-9s are associated with metastasis or poor prognosis of some type of human cancers. In this study, we examined the methylation status of miR -9-1, 9-2, 9-3 in lung cancer to find that miR-9 methylation seems to be associated with lymph node metastasis in lung cancer(LC). Material and methods: We collected 152 LC tumor DNAs which resected in our institute during 2007 to 2008. After bisulfate conversion, we determined the methylation status of miR-9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 by combined bisulfite restriction analysis method. Results: Aberrant methylations of either miR-9 were shown in 52 out of 152 cases (34%). Methylation of either miR-9 was present in 39 %, 26 %, 34 %, 42 % of males, females, never-smokers, and ever-smokers, respectively. Methylation of either miR-9s were detected in 35 % of adenocarcinomas, 33 % of squamous cell carcinomas, and 63 % of other LCs. Of note, miR-9 methylation was significantly more frequent in pathological stage I cases (39 %, n = 119) than in the other stage (II to IV) cases (18 %, n = 33; p = 0.028). While 4 cases were methylated in lymph node metastasis cases (17%, n =24), 48 cases were methylated in cases without lymph nodal metastasis (38 %, n =128 : p=0.06). Conclusion: Aberrant hypermetylation of miR-9s were associated with early pathological stage and /or non-lymph nodal metastasis, suggesting that miR-9s, which relate to aggressiveness and metastasis, might be sliced by abbarent methylation in early stage LCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4946
Wanted.—A Word.
Authors: Charles Truax
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The medical profession in general, and the surgical instrument dealers in particular, are much in need of a word that will properly describe a surgical instrument that has been so constructed that it may be rendered aseptic. Such instruments are usually called aseptic, but as they are septic until rendered<i>aseptic</i>by antiseptic methods, it follows that the name as now applied is a misnomer, because an instrument can hardly be both septic and aseptic at the same time. Will some one kindly supply this " long felt want?" [Aseptable?—Editor.]
Surfactant‐Free, Lipo‐Polymersomes Stabilized by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles/Polymer Interlayer for Synergistically Targeted and Magnetically Guided Gene Delivery
Authors: Shang‐Hsiu Hu, Tsung‐Ying Hsieh, Chin‐Sheng Chiang, Po‐Jung Chen, You‐Yin Chen, Tsung‐Lang Chiu, San‐Yuan Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Gene therapy holds promise to suppress carcinomas but still remains far removed from clinic because of the lack of a safe and effective delivery system. Besides enhancing transfection efficiency, the difficulty in gene therapy is how to deliver sufficient gene molecules to the site of interest. Herein, the rational design of surfactant‐free lipo‐polymersomes (LPPs) to overcome these problems is reported, simultaneously using a lipid‐stabilized double emulsion approach. The LPPs are designed to conceal the cationic lipids and plasmid DNA inside the core along with iron oxide nanoparticles/polymer interlayer and a relatively neutral lipid shell to avoid the undesired interaction during circulation, leading to high accumulation in the tumors of mice. Furthermore, guided by an external magnetic field and the folic acid (FA) that target tumors via folate receptor‐mediated endocytosis on the cell surface, the vectors demonstrate a 30–40‐fold increase in cell uptake. Moreover, this synergistic tumor‐targeted approach can enhance a 10‐fold increase in in vivo transfection efficacy by promoting the delivery of LPPs to cancer cells and facilitating the endosomal escape of gene molecules. The new insights and capabilities represent a major step in nanovector engineering for safe and efficient gene delivery.
AURICULAR FIBRILLATION IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: STANLEY GIBSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Auricular fibrillation is one of the most frequent and important of the cardiac arrhythmias. It may arise under a variety of conditions. In some instances auricular fibrillation may occur in persons who are apparently in good health and altogether free of symptoms or signs of heart disease. Among those who have heart disease, the incidence of auricular fibrillation varies widely, depending on the type of heart disease that is present. It is relatively rare in syphilitic heart disease, in bacterial endocarditis and in congenital cardiovascular anomalies. It is frequent in rheumatic heart disease, coronary disease, hypertension and thyrotoxicosis. Auricular fibrillation is essentially a disorder of adult life. In a series of 575 patients with auricular fibrillation reported by McEachern and Baker,<sup>1</sup>only 0.5 per cent of the patients were under 10 and 4.2 per cent between 10 and 20 years of age. Because of the infrequency of auricular fibrillation
Why Do Hospital Death Rates Vary?
Authors: Ethan A. Halm, Mark R. Chassin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Florence Nightingale raised the question in 1863, when she wrote about the number of deaths in hospitals in England.1 Codman asked it in 1914.2 Moses and Mosteller summed up the problem in a commentary on the National Halothane Study more than 30 years ago: “Real and important differences in death rates do exist. They are not explainable statistically with the data from this study. Explanation will have to rest on medical-social-biological procedural information. Getting the relevant understanding will be difficult.”3 Difficult indeed. In the intervening years, researchers have examined various characteristics of hospitals to determine whether they are associated with . . .
TM6SF2 as a genetic risk factor for fibrosis
Authors: Ann K. Daly, Christopher P. Day, Yang‐Lin Liu, Quentin M. Anstee
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. To the Editor: We read with interest the report by Sookoian et al.1 Recent studies demonstrate that transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs5854292 is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), steatohepatitis, and confers an increased risk of advanced fibrosis in >2,250 biopsy‐proven NAFLD cases.2 Sookoian et al., studying just 226 NAFLD cases, report a modest association with steatohepatitis only and so suggest that the TM6SF2‐fibrosis association is inconclusive. We believe their study has limitations, making this assertion highly questionable. Furthermore, we disagree that using genotype frequencies taken directly (not inferred) from 1000 Genomes data2 could explain differences between studies. Considering population structure when replicating associations involving rare variants is important,4 but rs58542926 is not rare (European minor‐allele frequency 0.07—identical to that we confirmed in a separate UK healthy‐control population).2 Therefore, we do not believe the higher rs58542926 frequency we reported in NAFLD reflects population stratification.2 Importantly, our main analysis demonstrating increased risk of NAFLD fibrosis for rs58542926 involved direct comparison of fibrosis stages within a histologically characterized NAFLD cohort without recourse to population controls.2 This eliminated interference from controls with undiagnosed NAFLD, unlike the Sookoian et al. study that defined controls according to ultrasound criteria and was therefore subject to misclassification owing to the well‐recognized insensitivity of ultrasound.5 Failure by Sookoian et al. to see any fibrosis association probably reflects limited statistical power: Only 130 NAFLD cases had disease greater than simple steatosis and the reported fibrosis score in their NASH group was modest (1.4 ± 1.3 [SD]). Their suggestion that another study supports a lack of association with fibrosis is similarly questionable because that, too, was underpowered, involving only 15 cases with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (but including four rs58542926 heterozygotes).6 Several possible explanations for association of rs58542926 with fibrosis exist, with a direct effect from intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation not essential. The two‐hit theory for NAFLD7 remains a useful paradigm, but does not exclude the possibility of more‐complex mechanisms.
CATHETER ABLATION OF HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WITH MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT
Authors: Fei Lu, Peter Eckman, Kenneth Liao, Ioanna Apostolidou, Ranjit John, Taibo Chen, Philip Meyer, Gladwin Das, David Benditt, Daniel Garry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A6.13 Minor Discrepancy Between BMD of Spine and Hip
Authors: Poran Farahifard, Shahid Sadoughi, Mohammad Bagher Owlia, Shahid Sadoughi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Diagnostic discordance for osteoporosis is the observation that the T-score of an individual patient varies from one key measurement site to another, falling into two different diagnostic categories of minor and major discordances, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of causes of minor discrepancy between bone densities of hip and spine. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, from all patients referred to bone marrow densitometery centre of Loghman from September 2008 to May 2009 in order to BMD assessment due to several causes and underwent spine and hip BMD. 171 cases with minor discrepancies were enrolled and causes of discrepancies were determined. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of patients was 92.69 ± 13.13 years. 87.78% of patients were female. The causes of minor discrepancy were respectively Osteoarthritis (45.03%), Osteoporosis (28.65%), Aortic Calcification, Osteoarthritis Deformans, Syndesmophytes and DISH each with 2.92%. These causes in female gender were Osteoarthritis (48.67%), Osteoporosis (27.33%), Aortic Calcification and Syndesmophytes with 3.33%; and in male they were Osteoarthritis (38.1%), Osteoporosis and DISH each with 19.05%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The minor discrepancy in T-score is a common finding which can result diagnostic problems in densitometry analysis. The results of the present study show that the most common causes of minor discrepancy were Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, Aortic Calcification, Osteoarthritis Deformans, Syndesmophytes and DISH.
Gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: Vienna revisited
Authors: M F Dixon
Journal: Gut (2002)

International consensus meetings in Padova and Vienna have attempted to rationalise the grading and classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia (GEN). With its minor adjustments, the Vienna classification of GEN seeks to be more closely in tune with patient management and it is hoped that it is not seen as fiddling around with terms but as a genuine contribution to patient care.
Psychiatric Service in a Center for the Treatment of Poisoning
Authors: N. Kessel, W. McCulloch, E. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Regional centres for the treatment of poisoning are recom- mended by the Ministry of Health.Some are in existence; others are planned.Their primary purpose must be resuscitation, but most of the patients will have poisoned themselves deliberately and may require psychiatric help once physical health is restored.In this paper we describe a service for the psychiatric screening of such patients, based on our experience in Edinburgh.We aim to show that the requisite assessments can be made before the patients leave the unit and without delaying their discharge.Ward 3 of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh is organized as an acute medical ward with special functions, one of which is to deal with physically ill people who also have a psychological condition complicating their management.The great majority of all poisoned people from the city and near by are sent to it if they require admission.A bed is always available for a patient who needs it, and no case of self-poisoning arriving at the hospital is refused admission.
Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Bill
Authors: D. Odlum
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIALOURNL 447 suggests that the sooner it gets into the care of its adoptive parents the better.There is another truth that mothers could be told which might help to relieve their guilt.It is that their babies are in great demand, and that by surrendering their rights at birth they are performing a valuable public service and bringing happiness to childless couples.-Iam, etc., Southsea, Hants.
Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Marcia Liepman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

INCREASING use of immunosuppressive agents for treatment of malignant and nonmalignant disease has brought infection by so-called nonpathogenic organisms to the attention of the clinician. Hyperinfection with<i>Stronglyoides stercoralis</i>has been regarded as an unusual infection in this country. It is often accompanied by bacterial invasion, is seen most commonly in compromised hosts, and is often fatal. The diagnosis is infrequently made before death. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man from eastern Kentucky had been well except for hypertension of one year's duration, complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage, obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergy to penicillin. Three months before admission, the diagnosis of renal failure had been made after a renal biopsy specimen disclosed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Treatment with prednisone, 80 mg/day, resulted in improvement. During the week before admission, he had experienced fatigue, crampy abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and a 4-kg (8-lb) weight loss. Medications on admission had included prednisone,
GE-32 * AN INTERGRADED BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING NOVEL GENE NETWORKS IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: V. Stathias, C. Pastori, R. J. Komotar, M. Zhang, J. Clarke, N. G. Ayad
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite treatment advances, the median survival time is still below 2 years since recurrence is nearly universal. Therefore, the discovery of novel and specific molecular targets is needed. However, the identification of such targets is difficult given the high degree of variability among patient samples and individual sequencing analysis is needed for patient specific therapies. Identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes based on small sample sizes is yet another challenge since there is high variability among the different analysis algorithms. To circumvent this problem, we implemented a bioinformatics pipeline, which utilizes the large number of samples in TCGA as a reference to identify DE genes in an individual patient's tumor. By using this algorithm, we produced enriched single patient RNAseq DE gene lists and subsequently calculated a hypergeometric probability and correlation coefficient for every gene pair on these lists. Furthermore, by using the most significant of these pairs, we generated gene association networks. Importantly, our networks were validated utilizing protein-protein interaction studies and therefore could be used to identify patient specific combination therapies for GBM.
Tubulointerstitial lesions of patients with lupus nephritis classified by the 2003 International Society of Nephrology and Renal Pathology Society system
Authors: Feng Yu, Li-hua Wu, Ying Tan, Li-hua Li, Cai-li Wang, Wen-ke Wang, Zhen Qu, Meng-hua Chen, Jun-jie Gao, Zeng-yan Li, Xin Zheng, Jie Ao, Sai-nan Zhu, Su-xia Wang, Ming-hui Zhao, Wan-zhong Zou, Gang Liu
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
ST segment shifts are poor predictors of subsequent Q wave evolution in acute myocardial infarction. A natural history study of early non-Q wave infarction.
Authors: W E Boden, R S Gibson, K B Schechtman, R E Kleiger, D J Schwartz, R J Capone, R Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Acute ST segment elevation is regarded generally as the sine qua non of evolving Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) because such electrocardiographic (ECG) injury is believed to be a marker of transmural ischemia and a forerunner of transmural necrosis. Alternatively, ST segment depression with or without T wave inversion is viewed as the dominant ECG feature of non-Q wave MI. However, this hypothesis has not been assessed prospectively in an acute MI population. We analyzed 2,304 serial ECGs at study entry (admission), day 2, day 3, and predischarge (mean, 10.2 +/- 2 days) from 576 patients with creatine kinase MB confirmed acute non-Q wave MI to determine what percentage of patients with early ST segment elevation culminated in subsequent Q wave development. Of this group, 187 patients (32%) exhibited 1 mm or greater ST segment elevation in two or more contiguous entry ECG leads. Of those patients whose non-Q wave MI could be localized on the basis of diagnostic admission ST segment shifts, the prevalence of early ST segment elevation was 43% (187 of 439). The sum total mean (+/- SD) peak ST segment elevation by lead group (anterior, inferior, lateral) was 4.0 +/- 2.4, 4.5 +/- 2.4, and 2.5 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively. Despite this, only 20% of patients with ST segment elevation (37 of 187) developed Q waves. Of 252 patients who exhibited early ST segment depression or T wave inversion or both, 39 (15%) evolved subsequent Q waves. Thus, while the prevalence of early ST segment elevation in acute evolving non-Q wave MI was higher than previously reported, 80% of patients with and 85% of patients without ST segment elevation and absent Q waves on the admission ECG did not develop subsequent Q waves during a 2-week period of observation (p = NS). In addition, when patients with ST segment elevation were compared with patients with ST segment depression or T wave inversions or both, there were no between-group differences in log peak creatine kinase (404 vs. 383 IU), reinfarction (6% vs. 8%), postinfarction angina (50% vs. 42%), or early recurrent ischemia (49% vs. 45%), defined as postinfarction angina with transient ECG changes. Thus, in patients who present with initial acute non-Q wave MI, ST segment shifts on admission are unreliable predictors of subsequent Q wave evolution and do not discriminate significant differences in postinfarction outcome. In particular, ST segment elevation during the early hours of evolving infarction is not an invariable harbinger of subsequent Q wave development.