tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P231 CPR and Ventilation Preferences in COPD Patients Using Home NIV: Still Unexplored After Ten Years
Authors: JL Dickson, R Gadhok, MD Hind, AK Simonds, MI Polkey
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The GMC, NCEPOD and Resuscitation council UK have clear guidelines suggesting early decision making when considering appropriateness of CPR and invasive ventilation (ETV) in acute admissions. Furthermore patient preferences should be identified in advance of acute deterioration where they have an existing condition that makes cardiac or respiratory arrest likely. It is currently unclear how closely this advice is followed in practise. Since COPD patients requiring home ventilation have higher than average risk of acute respiratory failure and death<sup>1</sup> we reasoned that CPR/ETV should have been discussed in all cases, but in 2002 a prior audit found that such discussion was infrequent. <h3>Aim</h3> Re-audit, ten year interval using the same survey to assess whether there had been improvement in practise and also re-evaluate patients’ preferences. <h3>Method</h3> Eight question survey in our home ventilation clinic selecting 20 patients with severe COPD on domiciliary non-invasive ventilation. Results were compared to those of 19 similar patients from 2002. Statistical differences were explored with the fishers-exact test. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of patients who had been asked about CPR/ETV preferences had not improved between 2002 and 2012; 4/19 (21.1%) in 2002 and 7/20 (35%) in 2012 (p=0.54) and remained unacceptably high. The majority of patients wanted more opportunity to discuss their preferences; 17/19 (89.5%) in 2002 and 11/20 (55.0%) in 2012 (p=0.038). In both 2002 and 2012, patients’ preferences for CPR/ETV were influenced by the likelihood of survival but a significant minority wished to receive these therapies even with a quoted chance of survival &lt;1% or negligible (figure 1). <h3>Discussion</h3> Despite ten years awareness of the issue, our institution had failed to significantly improve CPR/ETV discussions in COPD patients attending the home ventilation clinic. We found that people frequently had their own views regarding CPR/ETV and most people would like the opportunity of further discussion. The trust wide use of DNAR forms has not sufficiently improved practise. We believe that the use of a trust wide resuscitation status form might improve this outcome. Divo M et al. Comorbidities and Mortality Risk in Patients with COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. April 2012.
Lupus---molecular and cellular pathogenesis.
Authors: D A ISENBERG
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Lupus—molecular and cellular pathogenesis. Edited by Gary M Kammer, George C Tsokos. (Pp 720; $195). Totowa, NJ: The Human Press, 1999. ISBN0-89603-556-5.

Given that there are already two major textbooks about systemic lupus erythematosus, you have to ask whether a further 700 page volume dedicated to this fascinating but relatively uncommon disease is really warranted. Indeed, extending this question, who is likely to buy a volume like this, which in reality …
Functional Brain Imaging in Cavernous Hemangioma: Demonstration of the Anatomic Lesion as the Seizure Focus
Authors: JAMES H. TIMMONS, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, MICHAEL J. BRANTLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 32-year-old woman with focal seizures of the left hand and associated sensory and mentation changes was referred for functional brain imaging with 1–123 iodoamphetamine. CT and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a lesion typical of cavernous hemangloma in her right frontal lobe. The iodoamphetamine image showed a single area of abnormally decreased activity in the left frontal region corresponding to the location of the cavernous hemangioma. This provided physiologic evidence that the vascular malformation was the seizure focus. Such information is useful in the presurgical evaluation of patients with seizure disorders presumed secondary to a known anatomic abnormality.
The CXCR1/2 ligand NAP-2 promotes directed intravascular leukocyte migration through platelet thrombi
Authors: Mehran Ghasemzadeh, Zane S. Kaplan, Imala Alwis, Simone M. Schoenwaelder, Katrina J. Ashworth, Erik Westein, Ehteramolsadat Hosseini, Hatem H. Salem, Robyn Slattery, Shaun R. McColl, Michael J. Hickey, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Yuping Yuan, Shaun P. Jackson
Journal: Blood (2013)
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: W. H. Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1909)

The MAPKKK dual leucine zipper-containing kinase (DLK, Wallenda in <i>Drosophila</i>) is an evolutionarily conserved component of the axonal injury response pathway. After nerve injury, DLK promotes degeneration of distal axons and regeneration of proximal axons. This dual role in coordinating degeneration and regeneration suggests that DLK may be a sensor of axon injury, and so understanding how DLK is activated is important. Two mechanisms are known to activate DLK. First, increasing the levels of DLK via overexpression or loss of the PHR ubiquitin ligases that target DLK activate DLK signaling. Second, in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, a calcium-dependent mechanism, can activate DLK. Here we describe a new mechanism that activates DLK in <i>Drosophila</i>: loss of the spectraplakin <i>short stop</i> (<i>shot</i>). In a genetic screen for mutants with defective neuromuscular junction development, we identify a hypomorphic allele of <i>shot</i> that displays synaptic terminal overgrowth and a precocious regenerative response to nerve injury. We demonstrate that both phenotypes are the result of overactivation of the DLK signaling pathway. We further show that, unlike mutations in the PHR ligase Highwire, loss of function of <i>shot</i> activates DLK without a concomitant increase in the levels of DLK. As a spectraplakin, Shot binds to both actin and microtubules and promotes cytoskeletal stability. The DLK pathway is also activated by downregulation of the TCP1 chaperonin complex, whose normal function is to promote cytoskeletal stability. These findings support the model that DLK is activated by cytoskeletal instability, which is a shared feature of both spectraplakin mutants and injured axons.
Palliative care team of the year
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Palliative care is a branch of medicine in which the UK has a long and creative record, and the shortlist for the Palliative Care Team award shows no evidence of any loss of momentum. Shortlisted entries covered the extension of palliative care to conditions other than cancer, the use of new technology and pain control to make patients’ lives better, and the introduction of personalised end of life pathways, finds <b>Nigel Hawkes</b>.
Abstract P6-04-03: Changes in breast tumor metabolism and estradiol binding as measured by FES PET in patients treated with the histone deacetylace inhibitor vorinostat and aromatase inhibitor therapy
Authors: HM Linden, BF Kurland, JM Specht, GK Vijayakrishn, JR Gralow, LM Peterson, EK Schubert, JM Link, MA David, JF Eary, KA Krohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Some estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancers are bone and soft tissue dominant, indolent, and controlled by endocrine therapy. However, these tumors eventually become refractory to endocrine therapy and need a mechanism to reset the “estrogen-dependence” to allow continued benefit upon progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) act as modulators of gene expression that are promising therapeutic agents for this group of tumors (Huang 2000, Sabnis 2011). Preclinical and clinical data demonstrate in ER-poor tumors and cell lines ER up-regulation and consequently enhanced lethality to endocrine agents. The optimal dose and schedule are not known, but two promising phase II studies show benefit in a continuous schedule (Yardley 2011, Munster 2011). FES PET is a promising imaging agent used as a biomarker to determine which patients will benefit from endocrine therapy, and to monitor estradiol binding during therapy (Mortimer 2001, Linden 2011). Methods: Patients with ER+ HER2− metastatic breast cancer with prior aromatase inhibitor (AI) exposure and clinical benefit of endocrine therapy were eligible for a phase II study of HDACi therapy to restore sensitivity to AI therapy. Following baseline FDG PET, FES PET and standard imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound and/or bone scan as indicated by tumor location), patients received 2 weeks of vorinostat therapy (400 mg po daily). FES PET was performed at 2 weeks while on HDACi therapy. Patients then received 6 weeks of AI monotherapy. FDG PET, FES PET and response assessment were performed at 8 weeks. Patients with clinical benefit (stable disease or response) continued on the regimen, 2 weeks of vorinostat followed by 6 weeks of AI. Results: To date, 8 patients have been enrolled of whom 6 have completed the first 8 weeks of treatment and all correlative imaging studies. FES biomarker imaging results are mixed, with some patients showing an increase in tumor estradiol concentrating ability by FES PET on HDACi therapy, and decline in metabolic activity by FDG. Two patients continue on treatment with clinical benefit. Results will be updated as accrual continues. Conclusions: Changes in estradiol binding are measured by serial FES PET in patients on HDACi therapy support preclinical concept of HDACi modulation of ER expression in metastatic breast cancer. Molecular imaging is a promising tool to monitor Estradiol binding pharmacodynamics, and Vorinostat HDACi therapy is a promising novel approach to allow patients to avoid toxicities of traditional chemotherapy once their tumor has progressed on endocrine therapy. Funding: P01, MKA, Merck Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-03.
Non-aqueous encapsulation of excipient-stabilized spray-freeze dried BSA into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres results in release of native protein
Authors: Karen G Carrasquillo, Ann M Stanley, Juan C Aponte-Carro, Patricia De Jésus, Henry R Costantino, Carlos J Bosques, Kai Griebenow
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
The BCG Controversy
Authors: John D. Clemens
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Because of the conflicting results of eight major controlled trials, BCG vaccination against tuberculosis remains controversial despite more than 50 years of use. Suspecting a methodological source for the controversy, we reviewed the scientific and statistical quality of each trial. The analysis showed that (1) although biased allocation of the vaccine appeared an unlikely explanation for the disparate results, adequate demonstration of unbiased detection of tuberculosis was available only for the three trials reporting 75% or greater protective efficacy; and (2) in most trials reporting low efficacy, the results had wide confidence intervals that could not exclude high efficacy, but the trials reporting high efficacy all had narrow confidence intervals that excluded low efficacy. Because the trials with the best methodological quality and greatest statistical precision reported high efficacy, the evidence suggests that BCG can confer a high degree of protection against tuberculosis and that bias or inadequate statistical power may have contributed to the conflicting data. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2362-2369)
Physician and patient survey of allergic rhinitis: methodology
Authors: V. Higgins, S. Kay, M. Small
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Methodology for Disease Specific Programme (DSP © ) surveys designed by Adelphi Group Products is used each year to survey patients and physicians on their perceptions of treatment effectiveness, symptoms and impact of diseases. These point‐in‐time surveys, conducted in the USA and Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK), provide useful information on the real‐world management and treatment of diseases. This paper describes the methodology for the DSP survey in allergic rhinitis, detailing the preparation of materials, recruitment of physicians, data collection and data management.
An investigation of the angry back syndrome using TrafurilR
Authors: T.S. SONNEX, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article An investigation of the angry back syndrome using Trafuril® Get access T.S. SONNEX, T.S. SONNEX The Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Dr T.S.Sonnex, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. RYAN T.J. RYAN The Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 3, 1 March 1987, Pages 361–370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05850.x Published: 01 March 1987
Clinical practice guidelines for identification, screening and follow-up of individuals at high risk of primary cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review
Authors: C.G. Watts, M. Dieng, R.L. Morton, G.J. Mann, S.W. Menzies, A.E. Cust
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Understanding how individuals at high-risk of primary cutaneous melanoma are best identified, screened and followed up will help optimize melanoma prevention strategies and clinical management. We conducted a systematic review of international clinical practice guidelines and documented the quality of supporting evidence for recommendations for clinical management of individuals at high risk of melanoma. Guidelines published between January 2000 and July 2014 were identified from a systematic search of Medline, Embase and four guideline databases; 34 guidelines from 20 countries were included. High-risk characteristics that were consistently reported included many melanocytic naevi, dysplastic naevi, family history, large congenital naevi, and Fitzpatrick Type I and II skin types. Most guidelines identify risk factors and recommend that individuals at high risk of cutaneous melanoma be monitored, but only half of the guidelines provide recommendations for screening based on level of risk. There is disagreement in screening and follow-up recommendations for those with an increased risk of future melanoma. High-level evidence supports long-term screening of individuals at high risk and monitoring using dermoscopy. Evidence is low for defining screening intervals and duration of follow-up, and for skin self-examination, although education about skin self-examination is widely encouraged. Clinical practice guidelines would benefit from a dedicated section for identification, screening and follow-up of individuals at high risk of melanoma. Guidelines could be improved with clear definitions of multiple naevi, family history and frequency of follow-up. Research examining the benefits and costs of alternative management strategies for groups at high risk will enhance the quality of recommendations.
Gonococcal Perihepatitis in a Female Adolescent Fitz-Hugh—Curtis Syndrome
Authors: Larry G. McLain
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THERE have been many case reports of gonococcal perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome).<sup>1</sup>Almost all of the patients described in these reports were young adult women, although the entity has been described in male subjects.<sup>2</sup>We have recently seen this syndrome in a 15-year-old girl. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old girl was admitted with a chief complaint of persistent abdominal pain for the past two weeks. She was apparently well until two weeks prior to admission, when she began to have abdominal pain located in the right upper quadrant. The pain was sharp and constant. There was no history of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, or fever. The pain had no relation to the ingestion of food. The menstrual history revealed regular menstruation every 30 days, lasting four to five days, with moderate flow and no dysmenorrhea. Her last menstrual period was one week prior to admission. The patient admitted to
PERITONEAL GAUZE DRAINAGE.AN EASY METHOD FOR ITS USE THROUGH THE VAGINA, AFTER ABDOMINAL SECTION.
Authors: W. D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The fancied necessity for drainage after abdominal section has been greatly lessened by our knowledge that the peritoneum can easily dispose of considerable amounts of blood and serum and that ancient accumulations of pus are generally sterile. The real necessity for drainage has been greatly minimized by perfected methods of asepticity, by most careful repair of denuded peritoneal surfaces, by efficient hemostasis and control of all oozing, and by avoidance of unnecessary trauma in rude and violent manipulations. Classes of cases that were formerly drained routinely are observed to do quite as well without drainage; yet there is a small minority which requires it. Abdominal drainage has been very generally abandoned for vaginal drainage when possible, except in general peritonitis, where the very large glass tube above the symphysis, combined, with the upright sitting (Fowler's) position, leaves little to be desired. Glass is slow to excite lymph adhesions and a
Fas receptor signaling inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β and induces cardiac hypertrophy following pressure overload
Authors: Cornel Badorff, Hartmut Ruetten, Sven Mueller, Meike Stahmer, Doris Gehring, Frank Jung, Christian Ihling, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Congestive heart failure is a leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Myocardial hypertrophy resulting from hypertension often precedes heart failure. Understanding the signaling underlying cardiac hypertrophy and failure is of major interest. Here, we identified Fas receptor activation, a classical death signal causing apoptosis via activation of the caspase cascade in many cell types, as a novel pathway mediating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Fas activation by Fas ligand induced a hypertrophic response in cultured cardiomyocytes, which was dependent on the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by phosphorylation. In vivo, lpr (lymphoproliferative disease) mice lacking a functional Fas receptor demonstrated rapid-onset left ventricular dilatation and failure, absence of compensatory hypertrophy, and significantly increased mortality in response to pressure overload induction that was accompanied by a failure to inhibit GSK3β activity. In contrast, Fas ligand was dispensable for the development of pressure overload hypertrophy in vivo. In vitro, neonatal cardiomyocytes from lpr mice showed a completely abrogated or significantly blunted hypertrophic response after stimulation with Fas ligand or angiotensin II, respectively. These findings indicate that Fas receptor signaling inhibits GSK3β activity in cardiomyocytes and is required for compensation of pressure overload in vivo.
Is what you feel what you don't know?
Authors: Simon C. Moore, Mike Oaksford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls defines emotion as innate reward and punishment. This could not explain our results showing that people learn faster in a negative mood. We argue that what people know about their world affects their emotional state. Negative emotion signals a failure to predict negative reward and hence prompts learning to resolve the ignorance. Thus what you don't know affects how you feel.
Reference range for potassium concentration is lower in Barbados than Europe
Authors: E. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

ately referred for vascular surgical or dermatological care.They do not state how many patients were in this category, what their definition of failure of progression of healing was, and whether these more difficult patients referred elsewhere were included in the final analysis of healing rates.If patients with an ankle-brachial pressure index of <0.5 were referred on, were they considered to have severe ischaemia and therefore excluded from the analysis?Studies that purport to show improvements in care and financial savings for the health service are most welcome, but if this is evidence based medicine we should be permitted to see the evi- dence.
Community Mental Health and Comprehensive Health Service Programs for the Poor
Authors: DONALD J. SCHERL, JOSEPH T. ENGLISH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The Neighborhood Health Center is described as a program delivering family-oriented comprehensive health care of high quality to large groups of poor people. Because of the way services are conceived and organized, the center offers an opportunity to explore the impact of an approach to mental health and illness that focuses simultaneously on the neighborhood, the family, and the individual.
A study of apolipoproteins E and A-I in cutaneous amyloids
Authors: Y.T. Chang, S.F. Tsai, W.J. Wang, C.J. Hong, C.Y. Huang, C.K. Wong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is present in a variety of biochemically different amyloid deposits, including Alzheimer's disease, systemic amyloidosis and primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA). Among the three closely related alleleic forms of apoE, the epsilon4 allele is linked to Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), another apolipoprotein, is also found in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease and in amyloid of aortic atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, apoA-I has recently been found to be associated with hereditary cutaneous and cardiac amyloidosis.To determine whether the apoE epsilon4 allele is associated with increased risk of PCA and whether apoE and apoA-I are present in PCA and common secondary cutaneous amyloidosis (SCA) (i.e. basal cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and seborrhoeic keratosis).We examined the apoE genotype in 57 Chinese patients with PCA and 58 normal healthy control subjects of similar age. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the localization of apoE and apoA-I in skin tissues from 15 patients with SCA and 15 with PCA.The frequency of the epsilon4 allele in the PCA group was not significantly higher than that in the control group (8.8% vs. 6.9%, P > 0.05). ApoE was present in amyloid deposits in both PCA and SCA, but apoA-I was not detected in these cutaneous amyloid deposits.ApoE is also a component of amyloid deposits in SCA. Although the genetic susceptibility of certain apoE isoforms may not be a crucial factor in the development of PCA and, although apoA-I is not associated with amyloid deposits of PCA and SCA, the role of apolipoproteins in amyloidogenesis deserves further scrutiny.
1031-35 Value of Ibopamine as Adjunct to Maximal Oral Medication in Patients with Moderately Severe Congestive Heart Failure; a Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Balázs M. Szabó, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Pieter H. van der Burgh, Joost Kruik, K.I. Lie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A piece of my mind. Remembered pain
Authors: R. S. McKelvey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

I was recently called to consult on a severely depressed, middle-aged Vietnam veteran. The resident on the case wondered aloud if the man's symptomatology—anxiety, depression, and recurrent terrifying nightmares of combat—could really be related to events of long ago. Would not time have healed his wounds? As I tried to explain to her the timelessness of emotional pain that has not been well integrated into one's experience, a memory suddenly thrust itself on me. It was Easter Sunday—cold, overcast, and rainy—an Easter Sunday 18 years ago northwest of Da Nang in what was then South Vietnam. I was in church, my spirits buoyed by the beauty and hope of Easter music and the realization that I would soon be going home. My thoughts were interrupted by a touch on my shoulder and a whispered voice: "Captain, there's been an accident in the village. The C.O. wants you to go take