tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Arsenic Mitigation Interventions on Disease Burden in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamalini M. Lokuge, Wayne Smith, Bruce Caldwell, Keith Dear, Abul H. Milton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Many interventions have been advocated to mitigate the impact of arsenic contamination of drinking water in Bangladesh. However, there are few data on the true magnitude of arsenic-related disease in Bangladesh nationally. There has also been little consideration given to possible adverse effects of such interventions, in particular, diarrheal disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the likely impacts of arsenic mitigation interventions on both arsenic-related disease and water-borne infectious disease. We found that arsenic-related disease currently results in 9,136 deaths per year and 174,174 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; undiscounted) lost per year in those exposed to arsenic concentrations > 50 microg/L. This constitutes 0.3% of the total disease burden in Bangladesh in terms of undiscounted DALYs. We found intervention to be of overall benefit in reducing disease burden in most scenarios examined, but the concomitant increase in water-related infectious disease significantly reduced the potential benefits gained from intervention. A minimum reduction in arsenic-related DALYs of 77% was necessary before intervention achieved any reduction in net disease burden. This is assuming that interventions were provided to those exposed to > 50 microg/L and would concomitantly result in a 20% increase in water-related infectious disease in those without access to adequate sanitation. Intervention appears to be justified for those populations exposed to high levels of arsenic, but it must be based on exposure levels and on the effectiveness of interventions not only in reducing arsenic but in minimizing risk of water-related infections. Key words: arsenic/adverse effects, Bangladesh, burden of disease, diarrhea, risk assessment, water pollutants, water supply.
American College of Physicians Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Coagulopathies.
Authors: F. Koller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963American College of Physicians Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Coagulopathies.F. KollerF. KollerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-730_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe bleeding disorders designated as coagulopathies can be differentiated without difficulty from other hemorrhagic diatheses. Petechiae, for instance, are never encountered in "pure" coagulopathies; cerebral and genital hemorrhages are rare.The clotting defect is very selective in hereditary coagulopathies, only one clotting factor usually being deficient. There are only a few exceptions to this rule (simultaneous deficiency of Factors V and VIII, of Factor VIII and a capillary factor, etc.). Complete lack of one factor produces a severe hemorrhagic diathesis (lack of Hageman Factor excepted); however, concentrations of a few per cents of normal of the respective factor change the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Basel, Switzerland (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 730-730KeywordsAttentionCapillariesClinical geneticsCoagulopathyFellowshipsGenital anatomyHemorrhage Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
OUT-PATIENT TREATMENT OF ICHTHYOSIS: A DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL OF OINTMENTS
Authors: F. M. POPE, J. K. REES, R. S. WELLS, K. G. S. LEWIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article OUT‐PATIENT TREATMENT OF ICHTHYOSIS: A DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIAL OF OINTMENTS Get access F. M. POPE, F. M. POPE St Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. K. REES, J. K. REES St Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. S. WELLS, R. S. WELLS St Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. G. S. LEWIS K. G. S. LEWIS St Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 1972, Pages 291–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02231.x Published: 01 March 1972 Article history Accepted: 24 September 1971 Published: 01 March 1972
Prosthetic Valvular Endocarditis
Authors: LAURA SLAUGHTER, JAMES E. MORRIS, ALBERT STARR
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A retrospective examination was made of a total of 48 patients with infected prosthetic cardiac valves implanted in 1,236 patients during 1960-1972. Survival rate of the valvular infections was 40%. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors which aided or decreased patient survival and to develop a program of treatment with antimicrobial agents. Numerous antimicrobics and a variety of dosage schedules were used. Of 19 surviving patients, medical treatment alone was effective in 14, despite the continued presence of a valvular prosthesis. Reoperation was successful in five of nine patients. Lifelong chemoprophylactic or suppressive therapy was shown to be unnecessary to prevent relapse in 12 survivors. Prompt surgical replacement is indicated if antimicrobial therapy fails to eradicate infection of a prosthetic valve. A more systematic approach to antimicrobial therapy should improve survival of medically treated infections. Recommendations are made for prevention and treatment of prosthetic valvular endocarditis.
Altered Redox State Obscuring Ketoacidosis in Diabetic Patients with Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Errol B. Marliss, John L. Ohman, Thomas T. Aoki, George P. Kozak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ALTHOUGH lactic acidosis has frequently been reported in diabetes, its simultaneous occurrence with ketoacidosis is alleged to be rare.1 This report describes two diabetic patients demonstrating that ketoacidosis may be artifactually underestimated in the presence of lactic acidosis, and that an unexpectedly weakly reacting serum nitroprusside test,† in the presence of severe metabolic acidosis, should arouse suspicion of lactic acidosis. The nitroprusside reaction, specific for acetoacetate, does not reflect total "ketones," because an increased ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate may accompany an elevated ratio of lactate to pyruvate and lead to underestimation of the severity of ketoacidosis.Case ReportsCase . . .
Buerger's disease associated with IgA nephropathy: report of two cases
Authors: P Remy, C Jacquot, D Nochy, J N Fiessinger, M Diallo, J Bariety, J F Mathieu
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Ro 0 0 2 ~~~4 6 8 10 12 Days Before treatment Ranitidine Placebo Ranitidine Frequency of flushing and blood serotonin concentrations during administration of ranitidine and placebo. CommentThe cause of flushing attacks in patients with carcinoid syndrome is unknown.In a subgroup of patients (many of whom have metastatic gastric carcinoid tumours) histamine excretion is frequently and consistently raised.45Two reports have shown significant reductions in both frequency and duration offlushing attacks during combined treatment with H, and H2 receptor antagonists in two patients with metastatic gastric and ileal carcinoid tumours.'2In one of these patients,' the duration (but not the frequency) of flushing attacks was reduced by cimetidine alone.The authors concluded that in some patients with carcinoid tumours histamine may be the cause of the flushing attacks.In one patient,2 however, histamine excretion in the urine was normal during the flushing attacks, whereas the serum serotonin concentration was raised.We know of no data on serum serotonin concentrations during treatment with antihistamines.In our patient administration of ranitidine alone caused prompt cessation of flushing attacks and a significant reduction in serum serotonin concentra- tions.This suggests that the beneficial effects ofH2 receptor antagonists seen in some patients with the carcinoid syndrome, may not necessarily be caused by inhibition of the action of histamine but may be partially mediated by a reduction in serum serotonin concentrations.We
Epigenetic Silencing of miR-490-3p Reactivates the Chromatin Remodeler SMARCD1 to Promote<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jing Shen, Zhangang Xiao, William K.K. Wu, Maggie H. Wang, Ka F. To, Yangchao Chen, Weiqin Yang, May S.M. Li, Vivian Y. Shin, Joanna H. Tong, Wei Kang, Lin Zhang, Minxing Li, Lin Wang, Lan Lu, Ruby L.Y. Chan, Sunny H. Wong, Jun Yu, Matthew T.V. Chan, Francis K.L. Chan, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Alfred S.L. Cheng, Chi H. Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chromatin remodeling has emerged as a hallmark of gastric cancer, but the regulation of chromatin regulators other than genetic change is unknown. Helicobacter pylori causes epigenetic dysregulation to promote gastric carcinogenesis, but the roles and functions of microRNAs (miRNA) in this multistage cascade are not fully explored. In this study, miRNA expression in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in murine stomachs induced by H. pylori and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was profiled by miRNA expression array. miR-490-3p exhibited progressive downregulation in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma during H. pylori and MNU-induced gastric carcinogenesis. Significant downregulation of miR-490-3p was confirmed in human gastric cancer tissues in which its regulatory region was found to be hypermethylated. miR-490-3p exerted growth- and metastasis-suppressive effects on gastric cancer cells through directly targeting SMARCD1, a SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit. Knockdown of SMARCD1 significantly attenuated the protumorigenic effects of miR-490-3p inhibitor, whereas enforced expression of SMARCD1 promoted in vitro and in vivo oncogenic phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. SMARCD1 was markedly upregulated in gastric cancer in which its high expression was associated with shortened patients' survival independent of TNM staging. In conclusion, hypermethylation-mediated silencing of miR-490-3p reactivates SMARCD1 to confer malignant phenotypes, mechanistically linking H. pylori, chromatin remodeling, and gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 75(4); 754–65. ©2014 AACR.
Guidelines for Care of Patients with Hepatitis
Authors: ROBERT S. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Guidelines for Care of Patients with HepatitisROBERT S. KLEIN, M.D.ROBERT S. KLEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-706 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Favero and associates (1) outlining guidelines for hospital care of patients with viral hepatitis is a thorough review of the risks of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis. For these risks the authors recommend discontinuing the use of enteric precautions and using ". . . the same precautions for handling feces from all other hospitalized patients, which should include wearing gloves when handling bedpans or fecal material."The above recommendation is a logical extension of our understanding of the modes of transmission of hepatitis and the standard of good...References1. FAVEROMAYNARDLEGERGRAHAMDIXON MJRDR. Guidelines for the care of patients with viral hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:872-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEEREMALLISON AG. Handwashing practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:683-90. LinkGoogle Scholar1. FAVEROMAYNARDLEGERGRAHAMDIXON MJRDR. Guidelines for the care of patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:872-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Isolation Techniques for Use in Hospitals. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975. Google Scholar3. BONDPETERSENFAVERO WNM. Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. Health Lab Sci. 1977;14:235-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. FAVEROMAYNARDLEGERGRAHAMDIXON MJRDR. Guidelines for the care of patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:872-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. FAVEROMAYNARDLEGERGRAHAMDIXON MJRDR. Guidelines for the care of patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:872-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Isolation Techniques for Use in Hospitals. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975. Google Scholar3. BONDPETERSENFAVERO WNM. Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. Health Lab Sci. 1977;14:235-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReply:Infection Control: Old Myths and New Realities 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 706-708KeywordsHepatitis AHepatitis BPatients Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cost analysis for the prevention of variceal rebleeding: A comparison between transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and endoscopic sclerotherapy in a selected group of italian cirrhotic patients
Authors: Patrizia Meddi, Manuela Merli, Raffaella Lionetti, Adriano De Santis, Valentina Valeriano, Andrea Masini, Plinio Rossi, Filippo Salvatori, Francesco Salerno, Roberto de Franchis, Livio Capocaccia, Oliviero Riggio
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of the present study was to compare the cumulative cost of the first 18–month period in a selected group of Italian cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) versus endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) to prevent variceal rebleeding. Thirty–eight patients enrolled in a controlled trial were considered (18 TIPS and 20 sclerotherapy). The number of days spent in the hospital for the initial treatment and during the follow–up period were defined as the costs of hospitalization. ES sessions, TIPS procedures, angioplasty or addition of a second stent to maintain the shunt patency, were defined as the costs of therapeutic procedures. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, and Child–Pugh score. During the observation period 4 patients died in the TIPS group, and 2 died and 1 was transplanted in the sclerotherapy group. The rebleeding rate was significantly higher in the sclerotherapy group. Despite this, the number of days spent in the hospital was similar in the two groups. This was because of a higher number of hospital admissions for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and shunt insufficiency in the TIPS group. The therapeutic procedures were more expensive for TIPS. Consequently, the cumulative cost was higher for patients treated with TIPS than for those treated with sclerotherapy. The extra cost was because of the initial higher cost of the procedure and the difference was still maintained at the end of the 18–month follow–up. When the cumulative costs were expressed per month free of rebleeding, the disadvantage of TIPS disappeared. In conclusion, a program of prevention of variceal rebleeding with TIPS, despite the longer interval free of rebleeding, is not a cost–saving strategy in comparison with sclerotherapy
Low-Dose Heparin for Severe Sepsis
Authors: Bruce L. Davidson, William H. Geerts, Anthonie W.A. Lensing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: In their report on the efficacy of activated protein C in reducing mortality from sepsis at 28 days (March 8, 2001, issue),1 Bernard et al. presented the results of a retrospective s...
Abstract 210: Id4 inhibition of twist1-mediated autocrine PDGF signaling inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of glioblastoma-derived stem cell cultures
Authors: Gilbert J. Rahme, Mark A. Israel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, and lethal primary brain tumor. A hallmark of GBM is the resistance of tumor stem cells to chemotherapy resulting in tumor recurrence and progression decreasing the quality of life and causing patient death. The prevention of GBM recurrence after chemotherapy by eliminating cancer stem cells enhances survival in genetically engineered mouse models; however, the signal transduction networks that control cancer stem cell survival and proliferation remain poorly understood. We have discovered that decreased expression of Id4, a dominant negative helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is associated with the proliferation and survival of sphere cultures from GBM-derived cell lines, which are enriched for cancer stem cells. In striking contrast, Id4 expression did not affect proliferation or apoptosis in differentiated, adherent cultures of these same cell lines. Moreover, the cell lines we examined required autocrine PDGF signaling for growth. We found that Id4 inhibited autocrine PDGF signaling in cancer stem cell enriched cultures by suppressing the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). In these studies we found that Id4 mediated inhibition of PDGFRα expression was mediated through the antagonistic interaction between Id4 and Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. This observation is consistent with our previously reported finding that Id4, uniquely among the Id family of proteins, binds to and antagonizes Twist1. Further, using the Rembrandt and TCGA databases, we found that Id4 expression levels directly correlate with glioma patient survival and can predict the level of PDGFRα expression. These data provide strong evidence that Id4 may regulate GBM stem cell survival and thereby contribute to GBM tumor progression. Along with our recent report demonstrating that Id4 can block invasion of GBM by silencing Twist1-mediated MMP2 expression, these findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of the Id4/Twist1 complex might provide opportunities to reduce the lethality of GBM by regulating both GBM invasion and tumor stem cell maintenance. Citation Format: Gilbert J. Rahme, Mark A. Israel. Id4 inhibition of twist1-mediated autocrine PDGF signaling inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of glioblastoma-derived stem cell cultures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-210
Precutting of the Minor Papilla for Pancreatic Duct Cannulation in Pancreas Divisum Patients
Authors: B. Şahin, E. Parlak, B. Çiçek, S. Dişibeyaz, S. Ö. Kuran
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Therapeutic endoscopic interventions such as pancreatic sphincterotomy of the minor papilla, dilation of the minor papilla, and stent insertion are alternatives to surgical sphincteroplasty in patients with pancreas divisum - particularly in patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatic pain [1]. Minor papilla sphincterotomy can be carried out using a pull-type sphincterotome or needle-knife sphincterotome, with guidance from a previously inserted stent [1]. Cannulation of the pancreatic duct via the minor papilla is necessary with both of these techniques. Once the pancreatic duct has been cannulated, the procedure can be carried out successfully in almost all patients. The limiting factor in therapeutic endoscopic interventions is cannulation of the minor papilla. Cannulation rates of between 73.5 % and 83.3 % have been reported in several studies [2] [3] [4]. A needle-tipped catheter, a highly tapered catheter, or a guide wire are routinely used for cannulation of the minor papilla [1]. We describe here a technique for cannulation of the minor papilla involving precutting with a needle-knife sphincterotome. So far as we are aware, this technique has not previously been described.
Effect of Adrenaline Iontophoresis on Capillary Filtration in the Forearm of Man
Authors: J. A. Walsh, W. J. LaJoie, C. Hyman, W. H. Wong
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Capillary filtration rate and capillary filtration coefficient have been measured in the forearm of man in control limbs and in limbs subjected to iontophoresis of adrenaline to minimize superficial blood flow. Gross reduction in the rates of tissue fluid accumulation occurred in the iontophoresed limbs. It is concluded that the skin and subcutaneous tissues—that is, the tissues whose vessels are accessible to vasoconstriction by adrenaline administered by ion transfer—are the major site for accumulation of extracellular fluid in the forearm in man.
Energy intake in pregnant women carrying boys or girls: Authors' reply
Authors: R. M Tamimi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Shay's suggestions are worth considering. It is unfortunate that we did not have information on maternal knowledge about fetal sex. However, since our study included educated American women in Boston in the 1990s, a psychosocial interpretation seems less likely than a biological one.

Langley-Evans and Langley-Evans point out that the difference in energy intake between pregnant women carrying a boy rather than a girl is of marginal statistical significance, as recognised in our paper. However, the arguments they rely on to categorically conclude that our finding is a chance observation are unfounded. Firstly, non-differential exposure misclassification tends to attenuate an association, except in very unusual situations. Secondly, all women in our study were white, as indicated in the original study and referenced in our paper; therefore ethnicity cannot be a confounder. Thirdly, their argument that the total energy cost of pregnancy is rarely met through increases in energy intake is irrelevant, since our point refers to differential maternal energy intake by fetal sex. Lastly, we realise that the findings of their yet unpublished study are apparently not in agreement with those of ours, but random misclassification can negate significant associations more often than generate them.

Chance is always a possible explanation for any particular finding. Conclusive statements concerning associations should be based on a body of knowledge, rather than one or two studies. Additional investigations are necessary in order to confirm or refute these results, before statements regarding clinical significance are made.
Sleepwalking as a symptom of bulimia.
Authors: J A Bell, J S Tomkinson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The 19 controls had non-malignant lung disease and, like the lung-cancer group, virtually all-were smokers (one exception); they were aged 47-82 (mean 66-2) and 12 were men.No patient was receivg steroids in any form or any other medica- tion which might be expected to affect plasma sex hormone binding globulin concentratons.The table shows the results with both methods of measuring sex hormone binding globulin.Clearly there was no evidence at all for increased concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin in patients with lung cancer; indeed, the mean values in the patients with cancer were lower, albeit not significantly so.This was not due to our control group having higher values than the controls from the authors' study: our values for men both with and without cancer were closely similar to the values in their control group.Mean (SEM) sex hormone bing globulin concentra- tionsin patients wvithig cancer and contrl mesed bd fwo mehods Patints with Controls lung cncer Iminwwradimes,y assay Men 47-1(7-5) 32-8(3-3) Women 51-3(7-5) 40 7(5-6)Bir capacty nehod Men 51-8(7-6) 41-2(5-1) Women 69 8(9-0) 56-4(8O0)