tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Basic Laceration Repair
Authors: Todd W. Thomsen, Derek A. Barclay, Gary S. Setnik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Lacerations are among the most common reasons for visits to emergency departments. Although most lacerations will heal without treatment, repair of these injuries reduces infection, scarring, and patient discomfort. Sutures, tissue adhesives, and wound tapes may all be used for laceration repair. Tissue adhesives and wound tapes are suitable for smaller lacerations that are not subject to substantial tension. In this video, however, we will demonstrate the use of simple interrupted sutures. Contraindications Not all lacerations are suitable for primary closure. Some should be allowed to heal by secondary intention (i.e., granulation and re-epithelialization). The interval between injury and . . . .
Most doctors still don’t report adverse reactions to drugs
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Almost two thirds of GPs don’t report adverse reactions to drugs under the yellow card scheme, a Welsh survey has shown.

Data from 22 local health boards from 2004 to 2007 show that 63% of 1700 GPs did not submit a yellow card, said Robert Bracchi, a GP and honorary medical officer for the Yellow Card Centre in Wales, at the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency conference in Birmingham this week.

But compared with other health professionals in Wales, GPs were still the scheme’s top users with just over a third of reports (34%) in 2005 ( British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2005;60:221-3). The next highest reporters were hospital doctors, who were responsible for …
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Vasodilator Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: KANU CHATTERJEE, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, WILLIAM GANZ, JAMES FORRESTER, PAUL WALINSKY, CARLOS CREXELLS, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy (phentolamine or nitroprusside) were studied in 38 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiac metabolism was studied in 19 of the 38 patients. According to the initial level of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and left ventricular stroke work index (SWI), patients were divided into three groups: Group I-nine pa- tients with LVFP 15 mm Hg or less; Group II-14 patients with LVFP &gt; 15 mm Hg and SWI &gt;20 g-m/m 2 ; Group III-15 patients with LVFP &gt; 15 mm Hg and SWI &lt; 20 g-m/ m 2 . In Group I most patients were clinically uncomplicated. In Group IL most patients had clinical left ventricular failure including one patient who had clinical features of cardiogenic shock. Group III patients all had severe left ventricular failure, with eight patients in clinical shock. In all groups LVFP, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly with vasodilator therapy with only a slight to moderate decrease in arterial pressure. In Group I patients SVI decreased (-7%) together with an increase in heart rate. Significant improvement in left ventricular performance, however, was observed in Groups II and III as indicated by increased stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac index (CI) and decreased LVFP. The increase in SVI and CI was of similar magnitude in both Group LI (SVI +18%, CI +24%) and Group III (SVI +28%, CI +29%) patients, a change suggesting that vasodilation thereby may be applicable and beneficial even in the presence of severe depression of cardiac performance. Improved left ventricular performance in group II and III patients was accompanied by a slight decrease in coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and transmyocardial oxygen extraction. There was no change in myocardial lactate metabolism in any group. In vitro studies in isolated cat papillary muscle preparations showed no direct positive inotropic effect of either phentolamine or nitroprusside. Thus, significant improvement in left ventricular performance occurs during vasodilator therapy in patients with AMI and elevated LVFP, even in the presence of severe depression of cardiac performance. Furthermore, this improvement is not accompanied by increased metabolic cost. Vasodilator therapy, therefore, may have an important role in the treatment of pump failure complicating myocardial infarction.
An Account of an Obscure Outbreak of Dengue Occurring on Board H.M.S. Agamemnon while Stationed at Zanzibar between November, 1888, and September, 1889
Authors: C. C. Godding
Journal: BMJ (1890)

ciple, however, after stitching the testicle to the bottom of the scrotum, and while the assistant held it in that position, I passed a catgut stitch through the skin at the junction of the scrotum and thigh, through the cord just below the external ring and through the skin on the other side of the scrotum, with the view of, so to speak, anchoring the testicle in the scrotum.The wound healed by first intention, but the ultimate result has been that though the testicle is considerably below the external ring, it is not in its proper position in the scrotum.Before operating on the left side, I therefore had the wire frame described above constructed, and on April 2nd I operated on the left side in the manner which I have mentioned.The dressing was changed next day, and everything was looking well; patient comfortable.It was again changed on the 6th, and the catgut tightened as much as possible; the wound had healed.On the 13th the stitch was removed, the apparatus left off, and a small collodion dressing was fixed over the puncture through which the stitch had passed.The testicle hardly receded at all when the stitch was divided, and there was a good deal of thickening about the cord and the external ring, which no doubt helped to keep things in position.The patient was allowed to get up on the 15th, and went home on April 22nd.He was exhibited at the Medical Society about ten months later, when the left testicle occupied i.ts normal position in the scrotum.
757-6 Systemic Hemodynamic and Renal Excretory Effects of a Continuous 4-Hour Infusion of Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: William T. Abraham, Brian D. Lowes, Debra A. Ferguson, Eugene E. Wolfel, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Robert W. Schrier, Michael R. Bristow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN OVUM
Authors: GEORGE L. STREETER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Rare cases of extra-uterine pregnancies have been described in which the fetal mass is found lodged in a hernial sac, projecting as a surface swelling in the inguinal region.<sup>1</sup>A few cases of perforation of old tubal pregnancies, in which the remnants of the fetus escaped into the urinary bladder, have been encountered.<sup>2</sup>But, as far as I can learn, no case has ever before been reported in which the human ovum became implanted and underwent development entirely outside the abdominal cavity, as happened in the instance about to be described. As a curiosity, the case appears to be unique; but over and above that, what really merits our attention is the astonishing fact that the human chorion is capable of developing to the size of a hen's egg in such an environment as is furnished by the superficial fascia of the abdomen. The patient, aged 25, who
A New, Easy, Rapid, and Painless Method of Reduction of Dislocations of the Shoulder, without an Anaesthetic: With Cases
Authors: N. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1886)

patient, happened to visit the hos ital while McC. was under treat- meut anl, taking an interest in her fellow-sufterer, has very kindly establishied her in business as a dressmlak-er, where she now follows her occuipation iu comfort, being enitirely relieved of her pain.Her only trouble now arises fromii some menstrual irregularity, which, 1 quite hop, will prove to be merelytemlporary.Why the pain in this cose was on the left side, when the principal mischief was on tho right, I cannot explain.The satisfactory point
Progressive electrocardiographic changes in male and female arteriosclerotic and non-arteriosclerotic rats during the course of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction
Authors: B. C. WEXLER, D. WILLEN, B. P. GREENBERG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Progressive electrocardiographic changes in male and female arteriosclerotic and non-arteriosclerotic rats during the course of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction Get access B. C. WEXLER, B. C. WEXLER 2 From the May Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish Hospital and the Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA 2All correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr Bernard C. Wexler, Director, May Institute for Medical Research, 421 Ridgeway Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. WILLEN, D. WILLEN From the May Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish Hospital and the Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. P. GREENBERG B. P. GREENBERG From the May Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish Hospital and the Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, July 1974, Pages 460–468, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.4.460 Published: 01 July 1974
Psychische Spätschäden nach politischer Verfolgung
Authors: Iago Galdston
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This book, a composite work by 13 ranking German authorities, explores the problems of definition, etiology, classification and treatment of psychopathologies engendered by Nazi political persecution. It contains 14 chapters, an introduction, and a conclusion. Among the topics treated are frustration and frustration tolerance; the case of a man and a woman of differing reactions to Auschwitz prompts the question: how much does personality and how much does concentration camp experience contribute to the psychopathology exhibited later. The experiences of the persecuted are of four kinds: degradation of the person, forced immigration, living "illegally," living in a ghetto or in concentration-extermination camps. Treated also are developmental and physiological effects of persecution on children and the anatomic and physiological disturbances found in the reproductive systems of women. This is a work of high merit and fine competence, relevant to every minority group subject in whatever degree to abasement and political as
Sacked editor takes new post
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dr George Lundberg, who was fired after 17years as editor of JAMA (the journal of the American Medical Association), has been named editor in chief of Medscape, a leading internet site.

He told the BMJ he is considering “creation of a primary source, web only, peer reviewed general medical journal of high scientific quality. Medscape does not have that at this time, nor does anyone else.”

Dr Lundberg was dismissed last month for fast tracking the publication of an article indicating that American university students did not consider oral sex to …
Plasma cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and cancer
Authors: M. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Background/Aim: Peyronie9s disease (PD) is a fibrotic entity for which the pathogenetic mechanism remains unclear and if resulting in severe deformity, its treatment is only surgical. In this study we investigated the possible role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression in the pathogenesis of PD. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from plaques of 24 patients with PD. The expression of IGF1 isoforms was investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Results: All IGF1 isoform gene expression (Ea, Eb and Ec) were found significantly decreased in the affected tunica albuginea, compared to normal tunica albuginea, with Ec showing the greatest decrease. Staining of tissue sections with an antibody against IGF1Ec confirmed greater expression of IGF1Ec isoform in normal tunica albuginea. Conclusion: The expression of all IGF1 alternative spliced isoforms is decreased in patients with PD, suggestive of its possible participation in the pathophysiology of PD.
Effect of vitamin E-bonded membrane on the 8-hydroxy 2′-deoxyguanosine level in leukocyte DNA of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Der-Cherng Tarng, Tung-Po Huang, Tsung-Yun Liu, Haw-Wen Chen, Yen-Jen Sung, Yau-Huei Wei
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Risk of diabetes in HIV infected veterans pre- and post-HAART and the role of HCV coinfection
Authors: Adeel A. Butt, Shawn L. Fultz, Kent C. Kwoh, David Kelley, Melissa Skanderson, Amy C. Justice
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We examined the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with diabetes in veterans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before and after the institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The role of age, race, liver disease, alcohol, and drug diagnoses upon the risk of diabetes was also determined. Male veterans with HIV who entered care between 1992 and 2001 were identified from the Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative database. Demographic and disease data were extracted. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to determine the incidence of diabetes. Unadjusted and adjusted hazards ratios for diabetes were determined using Cox regression method. A total of 26,988 veterans were studied. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, factors associated with a diagnosis of diabetes included increasing age (HR, 1.44 per 10-year increase in age; 95% CI, 1.39-1.49), minority race (African American: HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.24-1.48; Hispanic: HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.43-1.86), and care in the HAART era (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.01-2.75). There was a significant interaction between care in the HAART era and HCV infection, with HCV infection being associated with a significant risk of diabetes in the HAART era (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27-1.53) but not in the pre-HAART era (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75-1.36). In conclusion , HIV-infected veterans in the HAART era are at a higher risk for diabetes compared with those in the pre-HAART era. HCV coinfection is associated with a significantly higher risk of diabetes in the HAART era, but not in the pre-HAART era. HCV-HIV coinfected patients should be aggressively screened for diabetes. (Hepatology 2004;40:115-119.)
Delayed recovery of CDR3 complexity of the T-cell receptor-β chain in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants who had virus-associated interstitial pneumonia: Monitor of T-cell function by CDR3 spectratyping
Authors: Makoto Hirokawa, Takahiro Horiuchi, Atsushi Kitabayashi, Yoshinari Kawabata, Takaji Matsutani, Ryuji Suzuki, Junichi Chihara, Akira B. Miura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Tetraspanin in oncogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Ruth J. Muschel, Annamaria Gal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Members of the L6 family of membrane proteins, a branch of the tetraspanin superfamily, are overexpressed in tumor cells from many types of cancers. However, direct evidence of their oncogenic activity has not been previously shown. In this issue of the JCI, Lee et al. demonstrate that overexpression of the tetraspanin superfamily member TM4SF5 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells causes cellular phenotypic changes that resemble classical descriptions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with some unique aspects (see the related article beginning on page 1354). They also show that these TM4SF5-mediated effects trigger tumor formation when these cells are injected into mice. The study implicates TM4SF5, for the first time to our knowledge, in EMT oncogenic pathways of cancer progression.
Liver iron modulates hepcidin expression during chronically elevated erythropoiesis in mice
Authors: Víctor Díaz, Elena Gammella, Stefania Recalcati, Paolo Santambrogio, Arianne Monge Naldi, Johannes Vogel, Max Gassmann, Gaetano Cairo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The liver-derived peptide hepcidin controls the balance between iron demand and iron supply. By inhibiting the iron export activity of ferroportin, hepcidin modulates iron absorption and delivery from the body's stores. The regulation of hepcidin, however, is not completely understood and includes a variety of different signals. We studied iron metabolism and hepcidin expression in mice constitutively overexpressing erythropoietin (Epo) (Tg6 mice), which leads to excessive erythropoiesis. We observed a very strong down-regulation of hepcidin in Tg6 mice that was accompanied by a strong increase in duodenal expression of ferroportin and divalent metal tranporter-1, as well as enhanced duodenal iron absorption. Despite these compensatory mechanisms, Tg6 mice displayed marked circulating iron deficiency and low levels of iron in liver, spleen, and muscle. To elucidate the primary signal affecting hepcidin expression during chronically elevated erythropoiesis, we increased iron availability by either providing iron (thus further increasing the hematocrit) or reducing erythropoiesis-dependent iron consumption by means of splenectomy. Both treatments increased liver iron and up-regulated hepcidin expression and the BMP6/SMAD pathway despite continuously high plasma Epo levels and sustained erythropoiesis. This suggests that hepcidin expression is not controlled by erythropoietic signals directly in this setting. Rather, these results indicate that iron consumption for erythropoiesis modulates liver iron content, and ultimately BMP6 and hepcidin. Analysis of the BMP6/SMAD pathway targets showed that inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) and SMAD7, but not transmembrane serine protease 6 (TMPRSS6), were up-regulated by increased iron availability and thus may be involved in setting the upper limit of hepcidin. Conclusion: We provide evidence that under conditions of excessive and effective erythropoiesis, liver iron regulates hepcidin expression through the BMP6/SMAD pathway. (Hepatology 2013; 58:2122–2132)
Weight reduction in a blood pressure clinic.
Authors: Z A Leitner
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Levodopa in senile dementia SIR,-We were interested to read the com- munication from Dr C Lewis and others (4 March, p 550) concerning the use of levodopa in senile dementia and the subsequent letter from the same source (17 June, p 1625).These and other conflicting reports of the usefulness of levodopa in the treatment of senile dementia raise the question whether there are any patients who might benefit from treatment with specific precursors of neuro- transmitters.Urinary dopamine excretion may reflect central d2paniine metabolism, and this is supported by\ the work of Crowley et al3 on the excretion of free and conjugated dopamine in schizophrenic patients and in Parkinson's disease.In the course of a study on the treatment of dementia we have measured the urinary catecholamine levels in 20 female inpatients suffering from senile and presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type.In all cases the total free catecholamine levels were found to be within normal limits, but in two cases the dopamine levels were low.These low levels were confirmed in further specimens.The two patients are now being treated with levo- dopa and the initial responses are encouraging.Both patients are tolerating the drug very well.However, it is too early to draw con- clusions that urinary dopamine levels in patients with dementia can be used to predict a favourable response to levodopa treatment.
Combined assay of adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the early clinical evaluation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Joan Lluis Vives Corrons, Ciril Rozman, Maria Assumpció Pujades, Dolors Colomer, Encarna Perez Vila, Ignacio Anegon, Teresa Gallart, Jordi Vives Puiggrós, Nuria Viñolas, Emili Montserrat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract The levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and LDH isoenzyme patterns (LD1 to LD5) have been measured in lymphocyte extract from 28 patients with B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL). The activities of ADA, PNP, and LDH have been correlated with two morphological groups of B‐CLL classified according to the percentage of large, nongranular, atypical lymphocytes (AL) in peripheral blood: “typical” B‐CLL (less than 10% of AL, 21 cases) and “atypical” B‐CLL (10–25% of AL, seven cases). Patients with atypical B‐CLL had significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher activities of ADA (0.46 ± 0.17 U/10 9 cells), PNP (1.74 ± 1.0 U/10 9 cells), and LDH (48.3 ± 9.7 U/10 9 cells) than patients with typical B‐CLL (ADA, 0.29 ± 0.1 U/10 9 cells; PNP, 0.58 ± 0.23 U/10 9 cells; and LDH, 29 ± 10 U/10 9 cells). In addition, the “treatment‐free period” was also signficantly (P &lt; 0.025) shorter in the group of atypical B‐CLL compared with the typical B‐CLL group. No clear‐cut statistical differences in lymphocyte surface markers or in several other prognostic factors between the two subgroups of B‐CLL were found. The present study supports the idea that in B‐CLL the simultaneous determination of ADA, PNP, and LDH might be helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology, prognosis, and natural history of the disease.
Zoography: the use of animal terms in medicine.
Authors: E P Wright
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Recently Terry and Hanchard' gave an extensive list of the allusions to food and drink in medical publications.I believe, however, that the frequency with which allusions have been made to animals is just as impressive.In this review I have omitted any disease whose name is derived from the animal associated with the problem-for example, erysipeloid that follows handling raw seal meat may be described as seal finger.Also excluded are descriptions of human personality that are likened to animal characteristics-for example, an obstinate person may be called pig-headed.Despite these omissions I have managed to chase, corner, and capture 197 examples from various publications and present them for viewing. Marine lifeEmbryologists liken the branchial arches of a mammalian embryo to those of the gills of fishes (Gk bragchia, gills).Changes in the eye by both interstitial keratitis and sickle haemoglobinopathies may remind the ophthalmologist of salmon patches.The dermatologist also recognises a salmon patch due to a capillary angioma and icthyosis as resembling fish scales.The pathologist, however, is more likely to recognise the fish-scale gall bladder as due to multiple small mucous cysts and the "fish flesh" appearance of the cut surface of a sarcoma.The deformed opening of the mitral valve in severe stenosis may resemble a fish mouth to the cardiologist.Squama is Latin for scale, thus squamous epithelium is scaly and resembles the scales of a fish.Aspiration of an amoebic liver abscess may produce anchovy sauce, and varicose veins under the tongue are likened to sturgeon's eggs.Codfish vertebrae are skeletal
Histone Methyltransferase Ash1l Suppresses Interleukin-6 Production and Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases by Inducing the Ubiquitin-Editing Enzyme A20
Authors: Meng Xia, Juan Liu, Xiaohui Wu, Shuxun Liu, Gang Li, Chaofeng Han, Lijun Song, Zhiqing Li, Qingqing Wang, Jianli Wang, Tian Xu, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Red Cross tries to negotiate a ceasefire in Syria
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is attempting to negotiate a temporary ceasefire with the authorities in Syria so that it can deliver essential humanitarian supplies.

The fighting in certain parts of the country has become more intense in recent weeks, and organisations including the United Nations have reported that hospitals are being targeted by the military. According to news reports 16 people in the city of Homs were reported to have died on Tuesday after the government shelled the city.

The ICRC is already working in the country but says that certain areas are short of essential medical supplies and food. …