tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What ASCO Does for Its Members
Authors: Denis B. Hammond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

As the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) approaches its 40th anniversary, we should take a moment to reflect on the role ASCO has played in the tremendous advances in cancer care and research that have occurred during that time.As the world's leading organization for cancer care professionals, ASCO has repeatedly been in the forefront of scientific discovery and education.ASCO has consistently advanced the worldwide agenda of cancer research, and has partnered with others in the cancer community to ensure that every cancer patient receives the best treatment possible for their disease.Here are just a few examples of that effort: EducationDuring its 40-year history, ASCO has hosted about 50 major scientific meetings.Almost 300,000 attendees have participated in these meetings, and tens of thousands of abstracts have been presented and discussed.Some have complained that the Annual Meeting has gotten too big, but the fact is, this meeting is one of the most important gatherings of world leaders in our field.At ASCO's Annual Meeting, leaders debate, discuss, and create new ideas that move cancer care forward.ASCO's first meeting in 1965 had 12 attendees.The 2003 Annual Meeting had about 26,000 attendees.ASCO's flagship publication, the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), enjoys the widest publication of any journal in the field.Since the first edition of JCO in 1983, hundreds of articles have been published that have changed the practice of oncology throughout the world. Support for Clinical ResearchIn addition to its educational programs, ASCO has awarded more than $20 million in grants to young physicians to foster careers in clinical research and teaching.Advocacy for funding the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute has been one of the highest priorities for the Society.ASCO staff and volunteers have briefed Congress on the state of cancer clinical research and focused research studies on the cost of clinical research.ASCO has also educated Congress on the importance of clinical cancer research and the cost of that research.It was the collaboration between ASCO and patient advocate organizations that ultimately resulted in Medicare coverage for clinical trials. Quality and Access to Cancer CareASCO is known for its premier scientific and educational programs, but for more than a decade, ASCO
Stent Thrombosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Death After Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stent Coronary Interventions
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Michael Maeng, Anne Kaltoft, Per Thayssen, Hans Henrik Tilsted Hansen, Morten Bottcher, Jens Flensted Lassen, Lars Romer Krussel, Klaus Rasmussen, Knud Noerregaard Hansen, Lars Pedersen, Soeren Paaske Johnsen, Henrik Toft Soerensen, Leif Thuesen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Government promises measures to tackle obesity in children
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The relationship was studied between preschool and current respiratory symptoms and cough receptor sensitivity in children. Forty six white children aged 7 years were investigated. They were divided into three groups: (i) healthy children; (ii) children with a history of idiopathic cough; and (iii) children with a history of wheezing. Cough receptor sensitivity was assessed by the inhalation of serially increasing concentrations of nebulised citric acid. The concentration which first induced a cough was the cough threshold and was taken as a measure of cough receptor sensitivity. The cough threshold was unrelated to respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, parental smoking, and atopic status. A wide variation in cough threshold was seen. Although these results suggest that idiopathic cough is unrelated to cough receptor sensitivity as assessed by the citric acid cough threshold, it is unclear whether threshold measurements are an accurate reflection of receptor sensitivity.
Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States
Authors: Alfred M. Prince
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Aware that infectious diseases, contrary to popular conception, still constitute the leading cause of death worldwide, the Institute of Medicine convened a 19-member multidisciplinary committee to conduct an 18-month study of emerging microbial threats to health. This committee was charged with identifying emerging infectious diseases and recommending steps for their control in the future. The results of their deliberations and those of four task forces convened by the committee are presented in this important volume. "Would the current acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic have been better controlled if an effective global infectious disease surveillance system had been in place in the 1960s?" Although the details sometimes make heavy going, the executive summary provides a cogent and concise rundown that should be essential reading for public health professionals and, most important, for political figures responsible for the funding of public health activities. The factors favoring emergence of new infectious disease threats are
Combined Treatment with Surfactant and Specific Immunoglobulin Reduces Bacterial Proliferation in Experimental Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Pneumonia
Authors: EGBERT HERTING, XIAOZHUANG GAN, PETRA RAUPRICH, CONNIE JARSTRAND, BENGT ROBERTSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Neonates suffering from group B streptococcal (GBS) pneumonia often lack type-specific opsonizing antibodies. We studied the influence of combined intratracheal treatment with surfactant and a specific antibacterial polyclonal antibody (IgG fraction) on bacterial proliferation and lung function in an animal model of GBS pneumonia. Near-term newborn rabbits received an intratracheal injection of either the specific IgG antibody, nonspecific IgG, surfactant, a mixture of surfactant and the antibody, or 0.9% saline. At 30 min the rabbits were infected with a standard dose (108) of the encapsulated GBS strain 090 Ia. After 5 h of mechanical ventilation the mean estimated increase in bacterial number in lung homogenate (log10 colonies/g) was 0.76 in the antibody group, 0.92 in the nonspecific IgG group, 0.55 in the surfactant group, and 1.29 in the saline group. A mean decrease in bacterial number ( − 0.05) was observed in the group that received combined treatment with surfactant and antibody (p < 0.05 versus all other groups). Lung–thorax compliance was significantly higher in both groups of surfactant-treated animals compared with saline or IgG treatment. We conclude that in experimental neonatal GBS pneumonia combined treatment with surfactant and a specific immunoglobulin against GBS reduced bacterial proliferation more effectively than either treatment alone.
Medical-Examiner System in Massachusetts
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE long-delayed inquest into the death of Miss Mary Jo Kopechne on Martha's Vineyard on July 18, 1969, has now taken place. Also, the decision of the Pennsylvania Court denying the petition for an exhumation and autopsy has been passed down. Therefore, it seems appropriate to examine some of the medicolegal aspects of the case and its relevance to the administration of the medicalexaminer system in Massachusetts.No other case in modern times has been the occasion of so much local and national criticism of the Massachusetts system as has resulted from this heavily publicized tragedy.In the first few . . .
Sexual Activity and Risk of Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —A description of the differences between the study<sup>1</sup>cited by Dr Hellerstein and our article will help explain our differing recommendations. In the cited study, sexual activity was documented to produce only minimal hemodynamic and ECG changes among cardiac patients. This study did not assess the occurrence of MI, a more important outcome, and did not survey a large population. Because of the scope of that study, the recommendation was made to consider home ECG monitoring of cardiac patients during sexual activity before considering it safe for them to resume that activity. We believe that such monitoring is not necessary because of the results of our present study. In contrast to prior studies, we assessed the risk of MI caused by sexual activity in a large population. Although none of these patients underwent monitoring during sexual activity to determine safety, the absolute risk was quite small. It is
Pulmonary and Disseminated Nocardiosis
Authors: J D Smilack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. A 76-year-old man who had taken various doses of corticosteroids and methotrexate for Churg–Strauss syndrome was seen for anorexia, weakness, and painful “bumps” on his scalp. A creamy yellowish material spontaneously drained from some of the scalp lesions. Examination revealed several partially crusted furuncular lesions as well as enlargement of occipital and cervical lymph nodes. Treatment with dicloxacillin and, subsequently, azithromycin produced no improvement. Fever and chills appeared. The patient did not have a headache, chest pain, cough, or other pulmonary symptoms. Reexamination revealed a 3-cm erythematous, nonfluctuant soft-tissue mass on the back in addition to the scalp . . .
Intralymphatic Dendritic Cell Vaccination Induces Tumor Antigen–Specific, Skin-Homing T Lymphocytes
Authors: Amelia Grover, Grace J. Kim, Gregory Lizée, Mary Tschoi, Gang Wang, John R. Wunderlich, Steven A. Rosenberg, Sam T. Hwang, Patrick Hwu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The identification of tumor antigens recognized by cytotoxic and T helper lymphocytes has led to the development of specific cancer vaccines. Immunization with tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells has proved effective at eliciting elevated levels of tumor antigen–specific T cells in patient blood, but objective clinical responses remain rare, suggesting that vaccine-induced T cells are not trafficking optimally to site(s) of tumor burden. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that route of immunization can have a substantial influence on the subsequent migration of primed, activated T cells in vivo. Experimental Design: In a clinical trial designed to elicit more effective cytotoxic T-cell mediated antitumor responses, metastatic melanoma patients were immunized directly via a peripheral intralymphatic route with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A*0201-restricted melanoma-associated peptide antigens derived from MART-1 and gp100. Results: Within 10 days of intralymphatic dendritic cell vaccination, four of six patients developed dramatic and diffuse erythematous rashes in sun-exposed areas of skin that showed extensive T-cell infiltration. CTLs grown from rash biopsies were strongly enriched for tumor antigen–specific T cells that had elevated expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and chemokine receptor-6, consistent with a skin-homing phenotype. Of note, the only patient in the study with cutaneously localized disease showed a significant regression of metastatic lesions following the development of a surrounding rash. Conclusions: The evidence presented here is consistent with immunization studies in animal models and supports the concept that T cells are “imprinted” in peripheral lymph node sites to express specific ligands and chemokine receptors that allow them to migrate to skin. Furthermore, the preferential migration of the T cells to sun-exposed cutaneous sites suggests that inflammation plays a critical role in this migration. These observations suggest that further study of the effects of immunization route and inflammation on T-cell migration in humans is warranted, and could lead to vaccination approaches that would more reliably direct trafficking of activated T cells to diverse sites of metastatic disease.
Review: Inpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment improves the likelihood of living at home at 12 months
Authors: David Barer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Ellis G, Whitehead MA, O’Neill D, Langhorne P, Robinson D. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD006211. 21735403
MYOCARDIAL SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION BY PET IDENTIFIES A SUBSTRATE FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST BUT NOT SLOW VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (≤ 240 BPM) IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: James A. Fallavollita, Grzegorz Pietrasik, John Canty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Preventive Approach to Common Diseases of the Lung
Authors: H. Joules
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL OURNAL 9 power (Klopper, 1951) were obtained without having any undue effect.It would appear that the nature of the iron compound and its stability are more important than the amount given.Our results wvould tend to support the view of Nissim (1954) that reactions following use of saccharated oxide of iron are due to precipitation of an inherently unstable compound. SummaryThe results of treatment with a new intramuscular preparation of iron in 50 cases of anaemia of pregnancy are recorded.All patients were in the antenatal period.In 14 patients the condition was of mild degree, in 28 it was moderate, and in 8 it was severe.All responded satisfactorily.An average weekly dose equivalent to 500 mg. of elemental iron produced an increase of slightly more than 1 g.-that is.6% on the Haldane scale.Utilization of the iron was good, the haemoglobin increasing on the average by 0.3 g. for every 100 mg. of elemental iron injected.These results are almost identical with those obtained by the use of in- travenous saccharated oxide of iron.As with all forms of iron therapy, response to treatment was sometimes delayed, but by the second week of treatment all patients showed similar haemoglobin increases.The preparation contains 5%0 elemental iron compared with 2% in those utilizing the saccharated oxide of iron.With this concentration the number of injections may be reduced considerably.Many cases of mild anaemia require only two 5-ml.ampoules.Very high serum iron readings result from the injection of this highly concentrated solution, but no reactions, either local or general, have so far been encountered.We would like to thank Benger s Ltd. for generous supplies of imferon for clinical trial.
Pilot Study To Assess Impact Of Multi-disciplinary Team (MDT) Clinic On The Quality Of Life (QOL) Of High Risk Asthma Patients And Caregivers Using Validated Asthma Quality Of Life Questionnaire.
Authors: P. Britto-Williams, P. Munzenberger, W.H. Alame, P. Poowuttikul, R.L. Thomas, J. Montejo, M. Pansare, E.A. Secord
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Orphan drugs and the NHS
Authors: Tom Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
Wales sets up cervical screening body
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cervical Screening Wales, launched this week by Welsh health minister Jon Owen Jones, is aiming to provide women in the principality with equal access to a uniform high quality service.

Five health authorities previously ran the national screening programme, and the new organisation is designed to ensure that there is clear accountability for quality as well as regular monitoring.

Its director, Dr Cerilan Rogers, who also directs Breast Test Wales, said: “For the first time there will be a single cervical screening …
Abstract 530: MicroRNA expression profiling in MMTV-<i>neu</i> breast cancer mouse model
Authors: Claudia Piovan, Gianpiero D. Leva, Douglas Cheung, Matteo Fassan, Arpan Kumar, Dario Palmieri, Marilena V. Iorio, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In addition to mRNA gene expression profiling, miRNA expression analyses of human breast cancers have further demonstrated another layer of the molecular diversity of this disease and may potentially be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for breast cancer therapy and treatment. The development and use of relevant mouse models that closely reflect genetic alterations found in human breast cancers is critical to understand malignant progression in this disease and to test developmental therapeutics. The Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) promoter-driven HER2/neu transgenic mouse model was developed to directly assess the effects of mammary gland specific expression of the neu protooncogene. Global miRNA expression profiling was performed on tumours derived from the MMTV-HER2/neu model. Normal mammary glands from FVB wild-type mice, HER2 overexpressing mammary glands from MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice and tumours derived from this model at different stages of the tumourigenic process were collected and microRNA expression profiling performed on them by Nanostring analysis. Differential expression of selected miRNAs, obtained by Nanostring screening, was further confirmed by quantitative Real Time analysis. By analyzing global miRNA expression profile on tissues collected from MMTV-HER2/neu mice at different stages of the tumourigenesis, we identified significant differences in miRNA expression patterns between tumours and normal mammary tissue and between non-metastatic and metastatic tumours. miRNA expression characterization of tumours at various stages of development along with gene expression in mouse models would profoundly enhance our knowledge of progressive genetic changes associated with oncogene-induced events in breast cancer. Citation Format: Claudia Piovan, Gianpiero Di Leva, Douglas Cheung, Matteo Fassan, Arpan Kumar, Dario Palmieri, Marilena V. Iorio, Carlo M. Croce. MicroRNA expression profiling in MMTV-neu breast cancer mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 530. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-530
Challenges to Medical Licensing Boards
Authors: Frederick T. Merchant
Journal: JAMA (1970)

old order changeth has special significance these days to boards of medical licensure. The accelerated development of new concepts in medical education and curriculum, the pressure of allied health professions, and the adjustment to new knowledge and technology demand that boards evolve a self-assessment program to determine where indeed they stand in relation to the times as well as to the profession and to each other. It is considered a privilege to be invited to comment briefly on such matters in this splendid issue on medical licensure, portions of which only too well demonstrate problems and restrictions.  The various medical licensing boards—state, District of Columbia, and territorial—must become increasingly aware of certain challenges which are arising today and which will continue to arise in the future. Unfortunately fixed statutory provisions, under which boards must operate, are too often unduly restrictive or inelastic, even too obsolete, to allow medical boards
Nosocomial bacteremia. Potential for prevention of procedure-related cases
Authors: J. E. McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During a six-month period, 187 inpatients had bacteremia associated with community-acquired infection and 91 patients had bacteremia from a nosocomial infection. The most frequently identified sites of infection in both types of bacteremia were the respiratory and urinary tracts. Escherichia coli and Diplococcus pneumoniae were the organisms most frequently isolated from cultures of patients with community-acquired bacteremia, and E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated from patients with nosocomial bacteremia. Bacteremic nosocomial infections were related to urinary catheters, respiratory and intravenous therapy, or hyperalimentation in 32 of the 91 cases. Even assuming the unproved hypotheses that rigid adherence to current guidelines would prevent all of these procedure-related cases, 59 cases of bacteremia would still have occurred. This emphasizes the need for further research into prevention of nosocomial infection.
Are gimmicky glasses really the answer in low income countries?
Authors: J. H. Sandford-Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The need for refractive services, especially in rural areas of poor countries, is great and is one of the targets of the World Health Organization’s Vision 20/20 programme. Although these adjustable spectacles seem to meet this need, they have two obvious defects.1 2 

Firstly, at $20 (£13; €14.5) each they are 40 times more expensive than a basic pair of spectacles …
Olympic Games will bring health gains to the non-sporting public, says Princess Anne
Authors: Domhnall Macauley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The 2012 Olympic Games in London should lead to a rise in the number of sports medicine specialists in the United Kingdom, said the Princess Royal last week at a BMA conference on exercise and health.

She said that the focus on sports medicine brought about by the Olympics had a benefit even for the non-sporting public. She saw a great opportunity to promote physical activity and to create a culture of activity among young …
37 Gene therapy of chronic hepatitis B infection using a high-capacity adenovirus expressing interleukin 12 under the control of a liver specific mifepristone-inducible promoter
Authors: J. Crettaz, L. Ochoa, A. Pañeda, C. Olagüe, A. Vales, S. Kochanek, J. Prieto, G. Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)