tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Hypothesis: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Reduce the Incidence of Large-Bowel Cancer
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Ann G. Zauber, M. Ellen Warshauer, Paul D. Stolley, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article A Hypothesis: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Reduce the Incidence of Large-Bowel Cancer Get access Lynn Rosenberg, Lynn Rosenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julie R. Palmer, Julie R. Palmer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ann G. Zauber, Ann G. Zauber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Ellen Warshauer, M. Ellen Warshauer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul D. Stolley, Paul D. Stolley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel Shapiro Samuel Shapiro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 5, 6 March 1991, Pages 355–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.5.355 Published: 06 March 1991 Article history Received: 23 November 1990 Accepted: 11 December 1990 Published: 06 March 1991
Low Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocities and Amplitudes Are Strongly Related to Diabetic Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Morten Charles, Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu, Solomon Tesfaye, John H. Fuller, Joseph C. Arezzo, Nishi Chaturvedi, Daniel R. Witte
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Slow nerve conduction velocity and reduction in response amplitude are objective hallmarks of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Because subjective or clinical indicators of neuropathy do not always match well with the presence of abnormal nerve physiology tests, we evaluated associations to nerve conduction in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nerve conduction studies were performed in the distal sural and ulnar sensory nerves and the peroneal motor nerve in 456 individuals with type 1 diabetes who participated in the follow-up visit of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (EPCS). We used multivariate regression models to describe associations to decreased nerve conduction measures. RESULTS In addition to an effect of duration of diabetes and A1C, which were both associated with low nerve conduction velocity and response amplitude, we found that the presence of nephropathy, retinopathy, or a clinical diagnosis of neuropathy was associated with low nerve conduction velocity and amplitude. In the case of nonproliferative retinopathy, the odds ratio (OR) for being in lowest tertile was 2.30 (95% CI 1.13–4.67) for nerve conduction velocity. A similar OR was found for each 2% difference in A1C (2.39 [1.68–3.41]). CONCLUSIONS We show that the presence of other microvascular diabetes complications, together with diabetes duration and A1C, are associated with low nerve conduction velocity and amplitude response and that cardiovascular disease or risk factors do not seem to be associated with these measures.
GROUP-SPECIFIC COMPONENT AND HIV INFECTION
Authors: GerdaG. De Lange, PETERH. van Eede, JACOBUSH. ten Veen, HenkW. Reesink, P.Nico Lelie, J.J. Lefrere, P. Rouger, J. Seger, F. Ferrer-le-Coeur, D. Salmon, C. Salmon
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Usefulness of TEE as the Primary Imaging Technique to Guide Transcatheter Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Rodrigo Bagur, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Daniel Doyle, Robert De Larochellière, Jacques Villeneuve, Jerôme Lemieux, Sébastien Bergeron, Mélanie Côté, Olivier F. Bertrand, Philippe Pibarot, Éric Dumont
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Professional Football Players
Authors: Charles F.P. George, Vyto Kab, Allan M. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients with Submassive Pulmonary Embolismto the editor: Konstantinides et al. (Oct.10 issue) 1 evaluated the role of alteplase in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism.Their findings will be regarded by many as definitive evidence in support of the use of thrombolytic agents in such patients.However, a review of the study design, particularly the end points chosen, shows that the data do not support the authors' conclusions.The only primary end point to show significant improvement was an escalation of treatment for clinical deterioration -nearly always meaning treatment with open-label alteplase, the drug used in the intervention group.The decision to escalate treatment was made by clinicians, who were permitted to break the randomization code first; thus, the primary end point in a given case could be determined by an unblinded provider.Escalation of treatment would have been unlikely in a patient with clinical deterioration who was in the alteplase group but would have been likely in a patient with similar deterioration who was in the placebo group.The study suggests that the number needed to treat was nine; in other words, nine patients would have to be given alteplase to avoid treatment escalation (i.e., use of open-label alteplase) in one patient.In view of the 1 percent risk of major hemorrhage with thrombolysis, 2 avoiding open-label use in one patient hardly justifies preemptive use of the drug in many more patients.
Implanted pump concentrates chemotherapy for liver cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

An implantable infusion pump is prolonging survival in hepatic cancer, both primary and metastatic. The pump delivers 100 to 400 times the amount of floxuridine that the liver receives through conventional systemic chemotherapy—without the life-threatening side effects, as only 2% of the drug reaches the systemic circulation. Surgery to implant the pump is somewhat tricky, but ten to 14 days afterwards, patients go home and, if their disease is not too advanced, resume normal lives. The pump, manufactured by Infusaid Corporation, Sharon, Mass, was originally developed by the University of Minnesota's biomedical engineering department for the administration of heparin; it also has been used for insulin delivery. At the University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, William D. Ensminger, MD, PhD, associate professor of internal medicine and Burroughs Wellcome Scholar in Clinical Pharmacology, and John Niederhuber, MD, head, Division of Surgical Oncology, began using the device for chemotherapy administration about
Increases In CD25 + T Cell Numbers In Peripheral Blood Of Children With Allergic Asthma Correlate With Measures Of Airway Obstruction, But Not Serum IgE Levels
Authors: T.A. Smith-Norowitz, M. Dumas, E. Hassanain, K.B. Norowitz, S. Kohlhoff, R. Joks, J.I. Silverberg, S. Chice, K. Liao, M. Nowakowski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
TEMPORARY EMBOLISM OF THE MESENTERIC ARTERY
Authors: MAX BORNSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> The following case ran a peculiarly interesting course and is worthy of note. I use the term "vegetative endocarditis" advisedly, because it was not possible to obtain an autopsy in order to verify the diagnosis of the pathologic condition of the heart. <h3>History</h3> —Oct. 3, 1912. Mrs. E. S., Hungarian, aged 27, married five years, had one child 3 years old. She had had two abortions, one before and one after the birth of this child. She gave an evident history of a former appendiceal inflammation about two years ago. Three weeks ago she consulted several physicians for the relief of some heart ailment. She was unable to recall any definite rheumatic attack. At 5 a. m., Oct. 3, 1912, I was called to see her. She was then in a very critical state; the case was one for emergency measures. Temperature was subnormal, and pulse
Procalcitonin may guide antibiotic treatment for LRTI
Authors: P De
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Christ-Crain M, Jaccard-Stoiz D, Bingisser R, et al. Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial. Lancet2004;363:600–7 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] It is often difficult to decide which patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) should be prescribed antibiotics. Circulating calcitonin precursors are higher in severe bacterial infections than in other illnesses. In this prospective single blind study 243 patients with suspected LRTI were randomised to a standard care group (n = 119) treated with antibiotics … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DChrist-Crain%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D363%26rft.issue%253D9409%26rft.spage%253D600%26rft.epage%253D607%26rft.atitle%253DEffect%2Bof%2Bprocalcitonin-guided%2Btreatment%2Bon%2Bantibiotic%2Buse%2Band%2Boutcome%2Bin%2Blower%2Brespiratory%2Btract%2Binfections%253A%2Bcluster-randomised%252C%2Bsingle-blinded%2Bintervention%2Btrial.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252804%252915591-8%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14987884%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15591-8&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14987884&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F5%2F433.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000189104900008&link_type=ISI
Induction of T-Cell Immunity Against Ras Oncoproteins by Soluble Protein or Ras-Expressing Escherichia coli
Authors: R. G. Fenton, C. J. Keller, N. Hanna, D. D. Taub
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Point mutations in the ras proto-oncogene that activate its oncogenic potential occur in approximately 30% of human cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that T-cell immunity against some forms of mutant Ras proteins could be elicited, and some effectiveness against tumors expressing activated Ras has been reported. The goal of this study was to determine if immunization of mice with two forms of mutant Ras protein can induce high levels of Ras mutation-specific T-cell immunity in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. Mice (BALB/c or C3H/HeJ) were immunized subcutaneously at 2-week intervals with purified Ras oncoproteins mixed with the immunologic adjuvants Antigen Formulation or QS-21, both of which have been shown to enhance the induction of T-cell-mediated immunity when included as components of soluble protein vaccines. In some experiments, mice were immunized directly with heat-killed Escherichia coli that had been induced to express one of the mutant Ras proteins. Spleen cells plus lymph node cells from Ras-immunized mice were tested in vitro for lysis of syngeneic Ras-expressing tumor cells and proliferation in response to mutant Ras peptides. For some of the cytolytic activity experiments, the spleen cells were grown under T H 1 conditions (growth in presence of interleukin 2, interferon gamma, and an antibody directed against interleukin 4 to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response) or T H 2 conditions (growth in presence of interleukins 2 and 4 to stimulate a humoral immune response). The specificity of immunity was examined in vivo by challenge of Ras-immunized mice with syngeneic tumor cells expressing mutant Ras oncoproteins (HaBalb, i.e., BALB/c mouse cells expressing Ras with arginine substituted at amino acid position 12 [Arg 12 Ras]; C3HL61, i.e., C3H/HeJ mouse cells expressing Ras with leucine substituted at position 61 [Leu 61 Ras]). Ten mice per group were used in each experiment. Proliferative and cytolytic T-cell responses directed against the Arg 12 Ras protein were generated in BALB/c mice, resulting in protection against challenge with cells expressing Arg 12 Ras and therapeutic benefit in mice bearing established tumors expressing this protein. In C3H/HeJ mice, high levels of cytolytic and proliferative responses were induced against Leu 61 Ras. Immunization with heat-killed E. coli genetically engineered to express Leu 61 Ras also led to the induction of anti-Ras T-cell immunity. T cells grown under T H 1 conditions were cytolytic against Ras-transformed tumor cells, whereas those grown under T H 2 conditions were not. Immunization as described here leads to Ras mutation-specific antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo, with therapeutic efficacy in an established tumor model. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1853–61]
Assessment of ileal function by abdominal counting of the retention of a gamma emitting bile acid analogue.
Authors: E H Thaysen, M Orholm, T Arnfred, J Carl, P Rodbro
Journal: Gut (1982)

In eight patients without gastrointestinal complaints and 30 patients with various gastrointestinal disorders ileal bile acid conservation was assessed by oral administration of 75Se 23-selena-25-homocholic acid (SeHCAT) followed by abdominal gamma counting (SeHCAT-test). The results of the test correlated fairly well with the clinical features and with the [1-14C]-cholylglycine breath test including faecal 14C measurements (breath test). Of the two bile acid absorption tests the new is perhaps the more sensitive and is the one most easily performed.
Most patients in Scotland get quick access to GP services
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The largest survey of patients carried out in Scotland has found that nine out of 10 are able to see a health professional in their local general practice within the target time of 48 hours.

The survey, which was completed by 269 186 patients, found that almost three quarters could book an appointment three or more days in advance. The results were described as good news by Scotland’s health minister Nicola Sturgeon, who congratulated GPs and their staff for delivering prompt access. …
The Effect of Digoxin on the Intermediary Metabolism of the Heart as Measured by Glucose-C <sup>14</sup> Utilization in the Intact Dog
Authors: GERALD ALAN KIEN, THEODORE R. SHERROD
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Administration of a therapeutic dose level of digoxin in the intact dog resulted in an augmentation of the glucose utilization of the myocardium accompanied by a greatly increased rate of glycolytic and oxidative activity. The contribution of glucose to the total metabolism of the heart was increased, and the utilization of noncarbohydrate substrates was decreased. These metabolic changes occurred in the absence of changes in the dynamic functions of the heart, indicating that the metabolic alterations were due to a primary effect of the drug rather than an effect secondary to an altered state of cardiac activity.
Asymmetric Fate of the Posterior Part of the Second Heart Field Results in Unexpected Left/Right Contributions to Both Poles of the Heart
Authors: Jorge N. Domínguez, Sigolène M. Meilhac, Yvette S. Bland, Margaret E. Buckingham, Nigel A. Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The second heart field (SHF) contains progenitors of all heart chambers, excluding the left ventricle. The SHF is patterned, and the anterior region is known to be destined to form the outflow tract and right ventricle.The aim of this study was to map the fate of the posterior SHF (pSHF).We examined the contribution of pSHF cells, labeled by lipophilic dye at the 4- to 6-somite stage, to regions of the heart at 20 to 25 somites, using mouse embryo culture. Cells more cranial in the pSHF contribute to the atrioventricular canal (AVC) and atria, whereas those more caudal generate the sinus venosus, but there is intermixing of fate throughout the pSHF. Caudal pSHF contributes symmetrically to the sinus venosus, but the fate of cranial pSHF is left/right asymmetrical. Left pSHF moves to dorsal left atrium and superior AVC, whereas right pSHF contributes to right atrium, ventral left atrium, and inferior AVC. Retrospective clonal analysis shows the relationships between AVC and atria to be clonal and that right and left progenitors diverge before first and second heart lineage separation. Cranial pSHF cells also contribute to the outflow tract: proximal and distal at 4 somites, and distal only at 6 somites. All outflow tract-destined cells are intermingled with those that will contribute to inflow and AVC.These observations show asymmetric fate of the pSHF, resulting in unexpected left/right contributions to both poles of the heart and can be integrated into a model of the morphogenetic movement of cells during cardiac looping.
Impact of Disease Characteristics on the Efficacy of Duloxetine in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Dan Ziegler, Yili L. Pritchett, Fujun Wang, Durisala Desaiah, Michael J. Robinson, Jerry A. Hall, Amy S. Chappell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To evaluate the impact of baseline disease variables related to diabetes and diabetic neuropathy severity on efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.The impact of baseline conditions was evaluated using the data from three pooled placebo-controlled studies for combined duloxetine, doses of 60 mg q.d. and 60 mg b.i.d., versus placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the weekly mean of 24-h average pain severity, and night pain was the secondary measure. Safety and tolerability were assessed.There were no significant (P > 0.10) interactions of treatment by age (< 65 or > or = 65 years), type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2), duration of diabetes (median split < 9.18 or > or = 9.18 years), duration of diabetic neuropathy (< 2, 2 to < 6, or > or = 6 years), severity of diabetic neuropathy (baseline Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score < 5 or > or = 5), baseline A1C level (median split < 7.6 or > or = 7.6%), or baseline insulin use (yes/no). Significant interactions for both pain measures were observed in baseline pain subgroups (Brief Pain Inventory average pain, > or = 6 and < 6). Duloxetine was more effective in the subgroup with more pain. No significant association was found between any other subgroups (P > 0.10). Significant interactions (P < 0.1) occurred with treatment-emergent adverse events when stratified by subgroups.Pain severity but not variables related to diabetes or neuropathy may predict the effects of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The efficacy of duloxetine is related to the initial pain severity and is generalizable across a broad spectrum of diabetic patients, including those with the highest severity of diabetes or neuropathy.
Withdrawal of sibutramine leaves European doctors with just one obesity drug
Authors: A. Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2010)

European regulators have suspended the marketing authorisation for the weight loss drug sibutramine, and the US Food and Drug Administration has restricted its licence, amid concerns about a raised risk of heart attacks and strokes.

The European Medicines Agency recommended on Thursday 21 January that doctors stop using the drug because the risks outweigh the benefits. Its recommendation came after the agency’s committee for medicinal products for human use finalised a safety review, prompted by unpublished data from the sibutramine cardiovascular outcomes trial (SCOUT). This six year trial of 10 000 mostly European patients, which began in December 2002, showed a 16% rise in the risk of …
Lowering the Cut Point for Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: David L. Schriger, Brett Lorber
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

First a disclaimer, neither of us is a diabetologist, endocrinologist, or internist. We do not provide chronic care to people with diabetes. Our only credential relevant to the diagnosis of diabetes is our willingness to think logically and our conviction that the goal of guidelines and policies must be to optimize patient outcomes. From this perspective we are befuddled by the Expert Committee’s (1) decision to lower the cut point for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) from 110 to 100 mg/dl. In this commentary we explain why.

With the publication of the Expert Committee’s report (1) in Diabetes Care in November 2003, the number of 25- to 74-year-olds in the U.S. with IFG instantly tripled from 10 to 35 million people (see appendix for all methods). We might expect that a decision affecting over 25 million people would be based on some type of explicit modeling that established the benefits of the new cut point. Unfortunately, the Expert Committee’s report contains no such analysis. In fact, the committee states “we do not yet know the total benefit or the total cost to an individual who is designated at risk for diabetes by either test, by any criteria” (1). Given this, the Expert Committee might have concluded, “and we therefore have insufficient evidence to newly label 25 million people with IFG” (1).

Instead, the committee offers two forms of justification for its decision: 1 ) epidemiological data that suggest that those with an FPG of 100–109 mg/dl may be at higher risk for developing diabetes than those with a level below 100 mg/dl; and 2 ) the desire to have the IFG population have greater homology to the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) population. The first argument fails because identifying those at higher risk in no way insures that their health will be improved …
Skin and Nail Lesions in Endocarditis
Authors: M Barza
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1 Skin and Nail Lesions in Endocarditis. Typical subungual (“splinter”) hemorrhage and numerous petechiae on the skin of the abdomen are seen in a patient with staphylococcal endocarditis. Figure 1 Skin and Nail Lesions in Endocarditis. Typical subungual (“splinter”) hemorrhage and numerous petechiae on the skin of the abdomen are seen in a patient with staphylococcal endocarditis. Michael Barza, M.D.New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111