tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deaths during the May 18, 1980, Eruption of Mount St. Helens
Authors: John W. Eisele, Ronald L. O'Halloran, Donald T. Reay, George R. Lindholm, Larry V. Lewman, William J. Brady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

UNTIL March 20, 1980, Mount St. Helens, located in the southwestern part of the state of Washington, was known primarily for its esthetic features. Geologically and historically, however, the mountain was far from tranquil. It is a part of the "Ring of Fire," a chain of active, dormant, and recently extinct volcanoes that encircle the Pacific Ocean. Fourteen of these volcanoes are in the Cascade Mountain Range, and five are in the state of Washington.Most of the Cascade volcanoes are or have been the sites of active glaciers. Because Mount St. Helens is one of the younger volcanoes in . . .
Two visual systems must still perceive events
Authors: J. Alex Shull, Geoffrey P. Bingham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perception of (and during) events is a necessary feature of any perceptual theory. Norman's dual-process approach cannot account for the perception of events without substantial interactions between the dorsal and ventral systems. These interactions, as outlined by Norman, are highly problematical. The necessity for interactions between the two systems makes the distinction useless.
Regional Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Incremental Exercise Is Blunted in Poorly Controlled Patients With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Semah Tagougui, Pierre Fontaine, Erwan Leclair, Julien Aucouturier, Régis Matran, Kahina Oussaidene, Aurélien Descatoire, Fabrice Prieur, Patrick Mucci, Anne Vambergue, Georges Baquet, Elsa Heyman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Cerebral vasoreactivity to pharmacologically induced hypercapnia is impaired in poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes but otherwise free from microangiopathy. However, whether this response is also compromised during exercise, a daily-life physiological condition challenging regional cerebral hemodynamics, is unknown. We aimed to investigate prefrontal cortex hemodynamics during incremental maximal exercise in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, taking into account long-term glycemic control as well as exercise- and diabetes-influenced vasoactive stimuli. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two groups of patients (type 1 diabetes with adequate glycemic control [T1D-A], n = 8, HbA1c 6.8 ± 0.7% [51 ± 7.7 mmol/mol]; type 1 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control [T1D-I], n = 10, HbA1c 9.0 ± 0.7% [75 ± 7.7 mmol/mol]) were compared with 18 healthy control subjects (CON-A and CON-I) matched for physical activity and body composition. Throughout exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy allowed investigation of changes in oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) in the prefrontal cortex. Venous and arterialized capillary blood was sampled during exercise to assess for factors that may alter prefrontal cortex hemodynamics and oxygenation. RESULTS No differences were observed between T1D-A and CON-A, but VO2max was impaired (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and cerebral blood volume (THb) increase blunted (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in T1D-I compared with CON-I. Nonetheless, O2Hb appeared unaltered in T1D-I probably partly due to blunting of simultaneous neuronal oxygen extraction (i.e., a lower HHb increase; P &amp;lt; 0.05). There were no intergroup differences in arterial oxygen content, Paco2, pH, [K+], and free insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS Maximal exercise highlights subtle disorders of both hemodynamics and neuronal oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex of poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes. These findings may warn clinicians of brain endothelial dysfunction occurring even before overt microangiopathy during exercise.
Pancreatic islet enhancer clusters enriched in type 2 diabetes risk-associated variants
Authors: Lorenzo Pasquali, Kyle J Gaulton, Santiago A Rodríguez-Seguí, Loris Mularoni, Irene Miguel-Escalada, İldem Akerman, Juan J Tena, Ignasi Morán, Carlos Gómez-Marín, Martijn van de Bunt, Joan Ponsa-Cobas, Natalia Castro, Takao Nammo, Inês Cebola, Javier García-Hurtado, Miguel Angel Maestro, François Pattou, Lorenzo Piemonti, Thierry Berney, Anna L Gloyn, Philippe Ravassard, José Luis Gómez Skarmeta, Ferenc Müller, Mark I McCarthy, Jorge Ferrer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Computer-assisted glucose control in critically ill patients
Authors: Mathijs Vogelzang, Bert G. Loef, Joost G. Regtien, Iwan C. C. van der Horst, Hein van Assen, Felix Zijlstra, Maarten W. N. Nijsten
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Intensive insulin therapy is associated with the risk of hypoglycemia and increased costs of material and personnel. We therefore evaluated the safety and efficiency of a computer-assisted glucose control protocol in a large population of critically ill patients.Observational cohort study in three intensive care units (32 beds) in a 1,300-bed university teaching hospital.All 2,800 patients admitted to the surgical, neurosurgical, and cardiothoracic units; the study period started at each ICU after implementation of Glucose Regulation for Intensive Care Patients (GRIP), a freely available computer-assisted glucose control protocol.We analysed compliance in relation to recommended insulin pump rates and glucose measurement frequency. Patients were on GRIP-ordered pump rates 97% of time. Median measurement time was 5min late (IQR 20min early to 34 min late). Hypoglycemia was uncommon (7% of patients for mild hypoglycemia, < 3.5mmol/l; 0.86% for severe hypoglycemia, < 2.2 mmol/l). Our predefined target range (4.0-7.5 mmol/l) was reached after a median of 5.6 h (IQR 0.2-11.8) and maintained for 89% (70-100%) of the remaining stay at the ICU. The number of measurements needed was 5.9 (4.8-7.3) per patient per day. In-hospital mortality was 10.1%.Our computer-assisted glucose control protocol provides safe and efficient glucose regulation in routine intensive care practice. A low rate of hypoglycemic episodes was achieved with a considerably lower number of glucose measurements than used in most other schemes.
Impacting the wax.
Authors: J Siegler
Journal: BMJ (1977)

rate and thus afford equally as good results as for photon therapy in HPO or irradiation with fast neutrons.Such a trial might conflict with the individual preferences of radiotherapists but not with ethical considerations.Also it should be undertaken before less advanced, more curable cancers are submitted to trial by radiotherapeutic management by the techniques of HPO-photon or neutron therapy, whose advantages necessarily remain sub judice for lack of decisive information about optimal fractionation of dose "in air."
Regulation of lipoprotein synthesis. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of lipoprotein synthesis and their regulation by estrogen in the cockerel.
Authors: L Chan, R L Jackson, A R Means
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We used the estrogen-treated cockerel as a model to study the regulation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) at the molecular level.A single injection of estrogen induced marked elevation of plasma VLDL in the cockerel.Messenger RNA (mRNA) activity for a major VLDL apoprotein (apoVLDLn) in hepatic polyribosomes was assayed in vitro, and increased at the same rate as plasma VLDL levels.Simultaneous determinations of mRNA activities for albumin and apoA-I (a major HDL apoprotein) showed that these were unchanged.Specific estrogen-binding sites were measured in the liver cell nuclei and a single class of sites with a Kd of 2 x 10~9M was observed.The number of such sites increased after estrogen treatment prior to any detectable increase in plasma VLDL.Simultaneously, RNA polymerase I and II activities were markedly stimulated by the hormone.ApoVLDLii mRNA was purified to apparent homogeneity by (1) total nucleic acid extraction, (2) zonal ultracentrifugation, (3) Sepharose 4B chromatography in EDTA, (4) Sepharose 6B chromatography, (5) Sepharose 4B chromatography in MgCU, and (6) sucrose gradient centrifugation.The in vitro translation product of apoVLDLn mRNA was about 12 amino acids larger than apoVLDLn isolated from the blood.The identification of such a product (designated pre-apoVLDLn) is compatible with Blobel's hypothesis that, like other secretory proteins, VLDLn is synthesized initially as a larger protein and the JV-terminal sequence is cleaved prior to completion of synthesis and secretion of the VLDL particle.ALTHOUGH a large number of studies have characterized the plasma lipoproteins physically and chemically, little has been reported on the molecular mechanisms involved in lipoprotein synthesis.We have studied the cellular events in the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).The system developed to study these processes is the estrogen-treated cockerel.Non-laying hens or cockerels have only small amounts of VLDL.However, at the onset of egg production or after administration of estrogen, there is a dramatic increase in plasma VLDL 1 followed by the development of atherosclerosis in the animal. 2' 3 Thus, estrogen is a well-defined stimulus to the development of hyperlipoproteinemia and a useful tool in our studies of the regulation of VLDL synthesis in this animal.Furthermore, it is now well known that estrogen-containing contraceptives also cause an increase in plasma triglycerides in women. 4"
Current Role of Digitalis Therapy in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel L. Kulick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Digitalis has been used in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure for 215 years. In this article, numerous clinical studies and trials that have evaluated the efficacy of digitalis in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure are reviewed. The data indicate that digitalis is a valuable therapeutic agent for relieving symptoms and improving exercise performance and left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure. Comparison of the various advantages and disadvantages of digitalis with alternative therapies in patients with congestive heart failure shows an important continuing role for digitalis therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2995-2997)
Patterns of Asian and non-Asian morbidity in hospitals.
Authors: L J Donaldson, J B Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1983)

On the basis of surname, 6418 Asians were identified out of a total of 109 187 deaths and discharges of Leicestershire residents who had been treated in hospitals in the Trent Regional Health Authority over two years. After linkage to Hospital Activity Analysis computerised records, hospital morbidity in Asians and non-Asians was compared. Asian patients in certain age groups were more likely than non-Asian patients to be diagnosed as having asthma; leukaemia; diabetes mellitus; blood, thyroid, and eye disorders; certain forms of heart disease; and spontaneous and other types of abortion (excluding therapeutic abortion). The well recognised excess of cases of tuberculosis among Asians was also confirmed. Conversely, for some age groups, Asians were less likely than non-Asians to fall into particular diagnostic categories. Exploring such apparent differences can serve as the basis for aetiological inquiry and service planning. The patient's name is now probably the most reliable indicator of Asian ethnic origin in health records.
"Gouttes de Lait Et Consultations de Nourrissons."
Authors: G. Variot
Journal: BMJ (1904)

the house from the cow.That is to say, there must be clean hands to milk the cows, whtose teats, uidders, and flanks must also be purified .In addition all ilk aifter coming irom the cow must be filtered and cooled, agd if possible sold Tron sealed cans or bottle3.That we admit to be the ideal which we must all seek to achieve in our respective districts.But by way of corollary to his able artieles there appeared the replies received from many medical officers of health regard-
The Battered Child Rebrutalized: Ten Cases of Medical-Legal Confusion
Authors: LENORE C. TERR, ANDREW S. WATSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Ten battered children and their families were followed by the authors over a two-year period. Medical, legal, and social work handling of each case was evaluated. It was found that confusion, delays, poorly coordinated efforts, and failure by agencies and individuals to assume responsibility for appropriate action produced serious emotional stresses to already traumatized youngsters. The authors offer several suggestions for improving the management of battered children.
Abstract 5093: The molecular genetics of radiogenic breast cancer
Authors: Mark A. Wade, Michael A. Batey, Vikki Rand, Lisa J. Russell, Chris M. Bacon, James M. Allan, Felicity E.B May
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms of radiation induced breast carcinogenesis. Studies have shown that women exposed to ionising radiation at a young age are more at risk of developing breast cancer than older women exposed to the same level of radiation. Higher levels of estrogen are present in young women and estrogen has a known transforming effect on breast epithelial cells. One hypothesis suggests that radiation and estrogen synergise to drive breast epithelial cell transformation. We have developed an in vitro model of radiation-induced breast epithelial cell transformation in order to investigate genetic alterations associated with breast cell transformation. The immortalised, non-transformed breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A was exposed to fractionated doses of X-rays in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogen. We have shown that radiation treated cells display evidence of transformation, including loss of contact inhibition, increased cell invasion, disrupted acini formation and tumor formation in immunocompromised Rag2−/− γ−/− mice. Analysis of radiation treated cells by SNP array karyotyping identified focal gene deletion (EP300 and OCT-1) and amplification (c-MYC) which may be linked to radiation-induced breast cell transformation. Gene deletion and amplification was confirmed by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization analysis and alterations in expression have been confirmed by western analysis. EP300 is a transcriptional co-activator and a putative tumor suppressor. Somatic mutations in EP300 have been found in solid tumours and the gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 affected by loss of heterozygosity in numerous cancers. Oct-1 encodes an octamer binding transcription factor that has been associated with regulating DNA damage response through interactions with BRCA1 and GADD45. c-MYC is a known proto-oncogene that encodes a transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Analysis of our in vitro model of radiation-induced breast epithelial cell transformation has identified genetic alterations that have established roles in mediating cellular response to DNA damage and which might be key events in the development of radiogenic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5093
THE ACTION AND USE OF TUBERCULIN.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. T. WHITTAKER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Opinions regarding the virtue of tuberculin still vary between extremes. Clinicians in general are dissatisfied with the results, while the pure experimentalists in the laboratory continue to observe direct effects. Koch maintains in force all his original propositions concerning its virtue, and his immediate associates and assistants attribute the failures to complications. Tuberculin is known to be a product of the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a culture soil of veal broth containing 1 per cent. peptone and 5 per cent. glycerin. It is extracted with 40 to 50 per cent, glycerin so that it keeps almost indefinitely. I have some of the first, furnished nearly two years ago. It still shows the same effect as that obtained last month; that is, in dose of one milligram (1 per cent. solution), it excites its peculiar reaction in tuberculous patients. We get some new light on the action of tuberculin
Five Years of Experience With Massive Blood Transfusions
Authors: Robert F. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In the five-year period, 1959-1963, 209 patients were given massive blood transfusions of at least 5,000 ml within a 24-hour period. The overall mortality was 45% and increased with the amount of blood given, the age of the patient, complicating medical conditions, and shock. When shock was prevented or quickly corrected, the mortality was 7%; however, when prolonged shock occurred in patients with preexisting or associated disease, the mortality was 93%. A serious bleeding diathesis occurred in seven patients. The incidence of wound complications in these patients was about four times that of the general surgical population for the hospital. One case of homologous serum jaundice occurred in a survivor.
Acute Effects of Initiation and Withdrawal of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Papillary Muscle Dyssynchrony and Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Claudia Ypenburg, Patrizio Lancellotti, Laurens F. Tops, Gabe B. Bleeker, Eduard R. Holman, Luc A. Piérard, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Psychobiology and Human Disease
Authors: William A. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is a one-man show of which the author should be proud. There are few individuals present or past who could approach, much less produce, this in-depth overview and trenchant critique of psychosomatic medicine— still a valuable appellation. This is a culmination of the solo ventures of Dunbar, Alexander, Deutsch, Grinker, Wolff, Schur, Mirsky, Hartman, Engel, and Mason, and the duet renditions of Weiss and English, Alexander and French, Cleghorn and Whittkower—all ancient and venerable. This is a feast to be savored and not to be considered alongside the smorgasbords of multititled, multiauthored conglomerate depictions of the psychosomatic arena, national and international, thrown together by several mediocre chefs during the past several years. The best review of the work is contained in the foreword by John Romano and the preface by Herbert Weiner, suggesting the work does what the author set out to achieve— elaborates a theory of health and
Myocardial infarction patients in the 1990s—their risk factors, stratification and survival in Canada: The Canadian assessment of myocardial infarction (CAMI) study
Authors: Jean L. Rouleau, Mario Talajic, Bruce Sussex, Louise Potvin, Wayne Warnica, Richard F. Davies, Martin Gardner, Duncan Stewart, Sylvain Plante, Robert Dupuis, Claude Lauzon, John Ferguson, Etel Mikes, Vidoslav Balnozan, Pierre Savard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Stratification of Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement According to Surgical Inoperability for Technical Versus Clinical Reasons
Authors: Raj R. Makkar, Hasan Jilaihawi, Michael Mack, Tarun Chakravarty, David J. Cohen, Wen Cheng, Gregory P. Fontana, Joseph E. Bavaria, Vinod H. Thourani, Howard C. Herrmann, Augusto Pichard, Samir Kapadia, Vasilis Babaliaros, Brian K. Whisenant, Susheel K. Kodali, Mathew Williams, Alfredo Trento, Craig R. Smith, Paul S. Teirstein, Mauricio G. Cohen, Ke Xu, E. Murat Tuzcu, John G. Webb, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sexual and perinatal transmission of hepatitis C
Authors: J L Dienstag
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Such nonpercutaneous routes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission as sexual and perinatal spread are relatively inefficient. Several observations have been cited to support a role for sexual transmission of hepatitis C. Approximately 10% of persons with reported cases of acute hepatitis C in the United States report a history of potential sexual exposure. Anecdotal cases of sexual transmission have been reported, and HCV nucleotide sequence homology has been observed in viral isolates from sexual partners. Similarly, the prevalence of HCV infection is increased in groups with a high risk of exposure to sexually transmitted viral infections. Other observations, however, weigh against sexual transmission of HCV infection. Sexual transmission is negligible in sex-partner studies; alternative risk factors account for many cases of apparent sexual transmission between sexual partners; the prevalence of HCV infection in high-risk groups is much lower than that of other sexually transmitted infections; and the risk of apparently sexually transmitted HCV infection does not always correlate with intensity and duration of sexual exposure. The United States Public Health Service has estimated that the risk of sexual transmission is approximately 5%, well below the risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis B or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similarly, perinatal HCV infection, though documented to occur, is unusual, except in babies born to mothers with very high levels of HCV RNA, including mothers with concomitant HIV infection. Weighing many, often conflicting reports, the United States Public Health Service has estimated that the likelihood of perinatal infection is low, on the order of 5% to 6%, and that breast feeding does not increase the risk of HCV infection in infants of mothers with hepatitis C. Current data do not support household exposure as a risk for HCV infection.
Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: longitudinal population based study
Authors: M Richards, R Hardy, D Kuh, M E Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Objective To examine the association between birth weight and cognitive function in the normal population.Design A longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study.Participants 3900 males and females born in 1946.Main outcome measures Cognitive function from childhood to middle life (measured at ages 8, 11, 15, 26, and 43 years).Results Birth weight was significantly and positively associated with cognitive ability at age 8 (with an estimated standard deviation score of 0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.59)) between the lowest and highest birthweight categories after sex, father's social class, mother's education, and birth order were controlled for.This association was evident across the normal birthweight range ( > 2.5 kg) and so was not accounted for exclusively by low birth weight.The association was also observed at ages 11, 15, and 26, and weakly at age 43, although these associations were dependent on the association at age 8. Birth weight was also associated with education, with those of higher birth weight more likely to have achieved higher qualifications, and this effect was accounted for partly by cognitive function at age 8. Conclusions Birth weight was associated with cognitive ability at age 8 in the general population, and in the normal birthweight range.The effect at this age largely explains associations between birth weight and cognitive function at subsequent ages.Similarly, the association between birth weight and education was accounted for partly by earlier cognitive scores.