tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Articulating the role of experience in mental state understanding: A challenge for theory-theory and other theories
Authors: Karen Bartsch, David Estes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Carpendale &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) proposal of a social interaction account makes clear the need for researchers of all theoretical orientations to get specific about how social experience influences children's developing understanding of mind, but it is premature to reject other theories, such as theory-theory, which also attribute a major role to experience.
Targeting BCL-2 with the BH3 Mimetic ABT-199 in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: François Vaillant, Delphine Merino, Lily Lee, Kelsey Breslin, Bhupinder Pal, Matthew E. Ritchie, Gordon K. Smyth, Michael Christie, Louisa J. Phillipson, Christopher J. Burns, G. Bruce Mann, Jane E. Visvader, Geoffrey J. Lindeman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
TCT-187 Procedural Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in the Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions: Results from a Single Center Experience
Authors: Katsumasa Sato, Azeem Latib, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Tadashi Miyazaki, Toru Naganuma, Filippo Figini, Alaide Chieffo, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Severe measles in the tropics. II.
Authors: D. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Management of the Child with MeaslesAn understanding of the attitude of the local people towards measles and their methods of managing the disease is essential.Information needs to be collected on whether the child with measles is hidden away, what foods or fluids are given or not given, how the people believe the disease is caused and spread, and what treatment, if any, they believe to be effective.Because of fear that they will spread infection, children with measles do not gain admission easily to many children's wards;frequently only those who are very sick are admitted.However, the infectivity of children with measles declines rapidly after the appearance of the rash.Within 24 hours it is negligible, and non-existent after 48 hours, at a time when most of the dangerous "complications " occur.At this stage children can be admitted without risk of passing on measles to others.The study of 2,164 and 2,376 children admitted respectively to children's wards in West and East Africa offered an oppor- tunity to determine the clinical features on admission most frequently associated with death.These have been considered in detail elsewhere2 3 and are presented in summarized form below:At all ages.-Darkening of the rash, or a rash desquamating in large plaques; signs of laryngeal obstruction; evidence of dehydration, blood and mucus in the stool, or a frequency of more than five stools per day; convulsions or loss of conscious- ness; and a weight below the tenth percentile.In the child under 3 years of age.-Soreness of the mouth, particularly if it interferes with sucking; dyspnoea, or other evidence of pneumonia.These findings may be used in areas where measles is severe in order to decide which of the many children with measles require admission to hospital. TreatmentNo drug is known which influences the course of the virus disease.A priority in treatment must be to maintain the child's intake of food and fluid at a satisfactory level.Milk, if available, is the food most acceptable, and if skimmed milk only can be obtained this should be converted into a " filled " milk by mixing with oil, as described in King's37 book.This book also gives practical advice on the management of the dehydration so frequently experienced.No study of the routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in severe measles has been undertaken.In the U.S.A., Weinstein43 showed that antibiotics did not prevent bacterial complications of measles, nor was the decline in mortality from measles in that country related to the introduction of antibiotics (Fig. 2).
Endoscopic Insertion of Feeding Tubes A New Method for the Management of Upper Digestive Tract Stenosis
Authors: G. Kautz, H. Kohaus, P. Langhans
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

For patients requiring artificial feeding over a lengthy period, enteral alimentation via feeding tubes has proved to be the most practicable, and least harmful, method. The paper describes a new endoscopic method that facilitates the introduction of a feeding tube, even through stenoses of the upper digestive tract, or through areas of suture leakage after abdominal surgery. The method was successfully employed, without complications, in 13 patients; it was tolerated without serious inconvenience, and can be performed by the endoscopist and his assistant nurse.
Cached, carried, or crèched
Authors: Rosemarie Sokol, Nicholas S. Thompson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

We believe that “caching” a baby would have been too great a danger in human prehistory, and thus could not serve as the context for prelinguistic vocalization. Rather, infants were most likely carried at all times. Thus, the question arises of why the cry of an infant is such a loud vocalization.
Pre-Operative Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography to Detect Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Referred for Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: Willem B. Meijboom, Nico R. Mollet, Carlos A.G. Van Mieghem, Jolanda Kluin, Annick C. Weustink, Francesca Pugliese, Eleni Vourvouri, Filippo Cademartiri, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, Gabriel P. Krestin, Pim J. de Feyter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Aetiology of varicosity.
Authors: T L Cleave
Journal: BMJ (1972)

of the authorities" is a narrow one and views the situation out of context.The truth of the matter is that Africans are relegated to restricted areas-Bantustans-which are a necessary step for the implementation of separate development.These areas, other than not being open to all races, are the most economically impoverished parts of the country.These areas comprise just less than 13 % of the Republic's surface area and account for 1-99% of the total product of South Africa.In 1966-7 the output per head was about one eighteenth of that in the re- mainder of the Republic."These undeniable facts are hardly conducive to attracting medical personnel into these "homelands" even if they were able to go.The assertion by Dr. McKechnie that "the medical profession in South Africa is as concerned with discrimination as she [Dr.Dowling] is" may be argued.We believe that in King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, in the medical school and in a few liberal pockets in the country, a great deal of good- will exists amongst the White doctors for us, but that it is too often misdirected.--Weare, etc.,
Preventing, Delaying, or Masking Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program?
Authors: Thomas A. Buchanan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

I agree with the fundamental point made by Dr. Scheen (1) in this issue of Diabetes Care . It is unclear whether the effect of metformin to reduce the incidence of diabetes during the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (2) was true prevention or simply a masking of diabetes. The posttrial washout period was very short for testing that distinction. The data cited by Dr. Scheen regarding a very rapid effect of metformin to increase insulin sensitivity suggests that dissipation of any such effect in the DPP could have been rapid as well. Thus, acute effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity could have been gone 2 weeks after the drug was stopped. It seems unlikely that we will ever …
Prevention of hepatitis B reactivation with lamivudine in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy—A prospective case series
Authors: Themistoklis Vassiliadis, Vassilia Garipidou, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Vassilios Perifanis, Olga Giouleme, Sofia Vakalopoulou
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Administration of immunosuppressive treatment in hepatitis B virus carriers with malignancies is associated with the risk of hepatitis B reactivation. This complication is more frequent in patients with hematologic malignancies because administration of corticosteroids, the mainstay of treatment of these patients, is an independent risk factor for hepatitis B reactivation. When lamivudine is given prior to chemotherapy, it prevents the viral replication during the immunosuppression period; therefore, it might reduce the risk of hepatitis B exacerbation. We performed a prospective study to assess the efficacy of prophylactic administration of lamivudine in this setting. Ten hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies were included in this study; seven were HBsAg positive, and three had isolated antiHBc and detectable HBV‐DNA levels. Nine patients were given corticosteroids after the administration of lamivudine. Lamivudine was given per os at a dose of 100 mg once daily. In four patients that had not been previously treated with chemotherapy, lamivudine was started 19 days (median) (range, 0–35 days) prior to the onset of chemotherapy. The administration of lamivudine has not stopped since in any of our patients. After a median follow‐up of 15 months (range 6–38 months), no hepatitis B reactivation was observed. HBV‐DNA levels were decreased in all 6 patients who had detectable HBV‐DNA at baseline. Lamivudine was well tolerated. Chemotherapy regimens were administered as planned, and their effectiveness was not compromised by lamivudine. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of lamivudine should be considered as a means of reducing the frequency of hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies who are being treated with chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 80:197–203, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on the turnover and metabolic effects of glucagon.
Authors: R S Sherwin, C Bastl, F O Finkelstein, M Fisher, H Black, R Hendler, P Felig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To evaluate the mechanism and role of hyperglucagonemia in the carbohydrate intolerance of uremia, 19 patients with chronic renal failure (12 of whom had undergone chronic hemodialysis for at least 11 mo) and 35 healthy control subjects were studied. Plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin were measured in the basal state, after glucose ingestion (100 g), after intravenous alanine (0.15 g/kg), and during a 3-h continuous infusion of glucagon (3 ng/kg per min) which in normal subjects, raised plasma glucagon levels into the upper physiological range. Basal concentrations of plasma glucagon, the increment in glucagon after infusion of alanine, and post-glucose glucagon levels were three- to fourfold greater in uremic patients than in controls. The plasma glucagon increments after the infusion of exogenous glucagon were also two- to threefold greater in the uremics. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucagon in uremics was reduced by 58% as compared to controls. In contrast, the basal systemic delivery rate (BSDR) of glucagon in uremics was not significantly different from controls. Comparison of dialyzed and undialyzed uremics showed no differences with respect to plasma concentrations, MCR, or BSDR of glucagon. However, during the infusion of glucagon, the increments in plasma glucose in undialyzed uremics were three- to fourfold greater than in dialyzed uremics or controls. When the glucagon infusion rate was increased in controls to 6 ng/kg per min to produce increments in plasma glucagon comparable to uremics, the glycemic response remained approximately twofold greater in the undialyzed uremics. The plasma glucose response to glucagon in the uremics showed a direct linear correlation with oral glucose tolerance which was also improved with dialysis. The glucagon infusion resulted in 24% reduction in plasma alanine in uremics but had no effect on alanine levels in controls. It is concluded that (a) hyperglucagonemia in uremia is primarily a result of decreased catabolism rather than hypersecretion of this hormone; (b) sensitivity to the hyperglycemic effect of physiological increments in glucagon is increased in undialyzed uremic patients; and (c) dialysis normalizes the glycemic response to glucagon, possibly accounting thereby for improved glucose tolerance despite persistent hyperglucagonemia. These findings thus provide evidence of decreased hormonal catabolism contributing to a hyperglucagonemic state, and of altered tissue sensitivity contributing to the pathophysiological action of this hormone.
Predictors of early dyspnoea relief in acute heart failure and the association with 30‐day outcomes: findings from ASCEND‐HF
Authors: Robert J. Mentz, Adrian F. Hernandez, Amanda Stebbins, Justin A. Ezekowitz, G. Michael Felker, Gretchen M. Heizer, Dan Atar, John R. Teerlink, Robert M. Califf, Barry M. Massie, Vic Hasselblad, Randall C. Starling, Christopher M. O'Connor, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Comminuted skull fracture in a neonate.
Authors: D K Gorbani
Journal: BMJ (1970)

KWIJOULfrequent intervals, partly to assess our attempts to modify the fatal course of the illness, and partly to bring what comfort and support we can to the patients and their relatives in the face of the inevitable.Some years ago, a suggestion that this degenerative disease might be metabolic in origin and correlatable with aminoacid therapy led one of us to try the effect of high dosage of aminoacids, glycocyamine and betaine,l but that idea, like all others, proved totally ineffectual.Later we ventured into a similarly fruitless (and unreported) essay using raw liver.
Fiber Optics in Medicine
Authors: John A. Goldman, Sandy Bereskin, Carolyn Shackney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Applications in the Medical SciencesEndoscopyWith the appearance of flexible, image-carrying fiber bundles the medical profession realized that a great potential existed for their use in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Their value was especially obvious in the field of endoscopy,7 the practice of viewing internal organs by means of optical instruments that can be inserted into the body. The idea of viewing the internal components of the body in vivo is not a new one, for many other instruments have already been developed for observing the cavities of the human system, including even the parts that do not have . . .
The Triad of Medicine
Authors: Nils Y. Wessell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ALTHOUGH I cannot qualify as a historian of the long years of relations between the medical schools in Boston and the Boston City Hospital, I do know that that history encompasses years that were good and years that were lean. A mutual regard and a relation that have developed under both extremes of circumstance cannot possibly have a basis other than one of sincerity and mutual interdependence. As the president of Tufts University I salute all who represent those periods of trial and testing on the one hand and of success and achievement on the other hand. In the world . . .
Site-Specific Recombination Links the Evolution of P2-like Coliphages and Pathogenic Enterobacteria
Authors: A. S. Nilsson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The genome of the tailed temperate coliphage P2 (Myoviridae) contains some genes that probably are horizontally transferred additions to the genome. One of these genes, the Z/fun gene, was recently found intact in the genome of Neisseria meningitidis. We have investigated the presence of P2-like phages, and the genetic variation at the position corresponding to the phage P2 Z/fun locus, in the Escherichia coli reference collection (ECOR). P2-like phages are common in E. coli since they are present in about 30% of the ECOR strains. Hybridizations and PCR amplifications indicate that the overall variation among these phages is small. Amplification of the region corresponding to the phage P2 Z/fun locus in 11 prophages revealed that this is a multivariable locus. Sequencing of the region resulted in 10 completely different sequences but with a similar high AT-content as the Z/fun gene. All sequences contained at least one open reading frame with good transcription and translation signals. All sequences were also surrounded by a highly similar, previously undiscovered, inverted repeat (IR). We also found this IR in genetically unstable regions in pathogenic enterobacteria. This demonstrates that P2-like phages are important factors in the evolution of bacteria, not only because they carry a diversity of lysogenic conversion genes but also because they can act as vectors for single genes. The genes found between the IRs have unknown functions, and only a few clearly similar genes have been found in other bacteria.
Acute Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis With Serum Sickness-like Syndrome and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We treated a patient in whom acute non-A, non-B hepatitis was complicated by a serum sickness-like syndrome (rash, arthralgias). Serum from this patient demonstrated a fall in C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement levels during the syndrome, in association with circulating IgM immune complexes. Fatal aplastic anemia developed later in the patient. This case illustrates that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be complicated by immune complex features that have previously been emphasized to occur with acute hepatitis B. Additional evidence supporting the occurrence of this clinical picture in non-B forms off viral hepatitis is presented.
Intermittent therapy for flare prevention and long-term disease control in stabilized atopic dermatitis: A randomized comparison of 3-times-weekly applications of tacrolimus ointment versus vehicle
Authors: Debra Breneman, Alan B. Fleischer, William Abramovits, Joshua Zeichner, Michael H. Gold, Robert S. Kirsner, Toni F. Shull, Andrew W. Crowe, Eileen Jaracz, Jon M. Hanifin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
Outings for mentally handicapped children.
Authors: P E Sylvester, M Sears
Journal: BMJ (1971)

We studied mainly the fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.) and have examined 65 patients with pre-eclamptic toxaemia of various grades of severity and 2 patients with eclampsia.These patients have been divided into two groups: group 1 hypertension with oedema and Group 2 hyper- tension with albuminuria, with or without oedema.The 115 tests on the 65 patients with P.E.T. are shown in Table I and compared with the results at the end of normal pregnancy in 100 women.Our mean level at the end of normal pregnancy is 9 46 ug/ml, which is higher than Dr. Bonnar gives, but we have used a different method for estimating F.D.P.The difference between these groups is statistically significant.(P, 0.001).
Introduction— Factors Controlling the Incidence of Dental Caries
Authors: James H. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1961)

OUR KNOWLEDGE about dental caries has expanded rapidly in recent years. We now recognize several factors that were either ill-defined, unsuspected, or even ridiculed a generation ago. Dental caries unquestionably is of bacterial origin, since caries-susceptible rats maintained under germfree circumstances never develop carious lesions.<sup>1</sup>The assault begins on the enamel surface in areas that are difficult to keep free of accumulations of food debris and bacteria. Bacterial metabolism and growth lead to destruction of tooth enamel and dentin. Relatively little is known about the identity of the causative microorganisms. When cultures of enterococci were inoculated into otherwise gnotobiotic (germ-free) rats, typical carious lesions resulted.<sup>2</sup>Numerous microorganisms with similar metabolic characteristics probably can cause similar destruction. The oral flora is complex, and various influences modify or control its composition. Bacterial circumstances can vary from symbiosis, where 2 or more microorganisms reinforce each other to cause a strong
Intracoronary papaverine but not adenosine reduces regional ventricular function
Authors: S. E Martin, L S. Schmarkey, D. J Oh, R. E Patterson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Intracoronary papaverine but not adenosine reduces regional ventricular function Get access Sharon E Martin, Sharon E Martin Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory/Crawford Long Hospital, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia, USA 30365: S E Martin, L S Schmarkey, D J Oh, R E Patterson; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US: S E Martin. Correspondence to Dr Patterson. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L Susan Schmarkey, L Susan Schmarkey Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory/Crawford Long Hospital, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia, USA 30365: S E Martin, L S Schmarkey, D J Oh, R E Patterson; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US: S E Martin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dong J Oh, Dong J Oh Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory/Crawford Long Hospital, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia, USA 30365: S E Martin, L S Schmarkey, D J Oh, R E Patterson; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US: S E Martin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Randolph E Patterson Randolph E Patterson Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory/Crawford Long Hospital, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia, USA 30365: S E Martin, L S Schmarkey, D J Oh, R E Patterson; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US: S E Martin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 2028–2036, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2028 Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Received: 19 November 1992 Accepted: 16 July 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
THE PHYSICAL REASONABLENESS OF LIFE
Authors: A. V. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

When I had the honor to propose my friend Professor Bronk as a member of the British Physiological Society I cited, as one of his qualifications, that he had written papers on astrophysics. This—as you may imagine—was not meant entirely seriously; nor will you charge me with supposing that a knowledge of astrophysics is, in itself, of use in physiology. There may even have been a gentle note of provocation in what I did; I may have hoped to draw an echo of protest from Prof. J. S. Haldane, who contrives—not quite seriously—to object to the use of what he is pleased to call mathematics in physiology. The most serious things, however, are often said and done with a smile. At the back of Haldane's mind, disguised in his laughing insults to quadratic equations and his jesting horror of electrical apparatus, is perhaps the strongest motive of his intellectual, one