tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-022 A Novel Photometric Stereo Imaging Sensor For Endoscopy Imaging: Proof Of Concept Studies On A Porcine Model
Authors: A Poullis, C Groves, G Slabaugh, K Emrith, M Smith
Journal: Gut (2014)

Introduction The American Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy led Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations initiative has identified real time polyp diagnosis as one of the next major technology-driven changes in endoscopy.1 A number of imaging techniques are presently being investigated in this area. The complex and demanding nature of the imaging environment, including issues relating to operation in a confined space, the presence of surface fluids and the highly reflective nature of the mucosa, renders 3D surfaccapture and analysis for the purpose of diagnosis an extremely challenging task. A novel Photometric Stereo (PS) imaging sensor has never been previously assessed for mucosal imaging. PS imaging requires the capture of the mucosal regions while illuminated using light from differing known directions and offers the potential for the recovery of high resolution 3D shape and topographic texture data. The captured PS images are then used to recover and analyse the 3D surface geometry. Methods Using a porcine gut model, photometric images were captured using a six-light source PS setup. PS assumes diffuse reflectance from the illuminated surfaces. We use a least squares approximation approach to estimate the surface in the presence of the specular highlights. Several areas of the porcine gastrointestinal tract were scanned. For each area investigated six photometric images were captured. This data was then used to recover the depth information. Results 3D reconstruction was obtained on all mucosal areas of the gastrointestinal tract that were studied ([Figure 1][1]). We observe that the recovered 3D surface retains the surface geometry in the captured areas and important structural information at a fine level of detail, even in the presence of numerous specular reflections. This is highly significant for automated processing and analysis of surface abnormalities. ![Abstract PTU-022 Figure 1][2]</img> Abstract PTU-022 Figure 1 Conclusion Using a novel sensor technology it was possible to obtain mucosal views and 3D surface reconstruction on all areas of the gastrointestinal tract using a porcine model. 3D geometric representations of the mucosal views were obtained, raising the possibility of automated computer analysis of endoscopic images. This novel technique needs to be explored further in human studies. Reference 1. Rex et al . Gastrointest Endosc 2011;73:419–22 Disclosure of Interest None Declared. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
Predictors of Early Neurocognitive Deficits in Low-Risk Patients Undergoing On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Munir Boodhwani, Fraser D. Rubens, Denise Wozny, Rosendo Rodriguez, Abdualla Alsefaou, Paul J. Hendry, Howard J. Nathan
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Postoperative cognitive deficits (POCDs) are a source of morbidity and occur frequently even in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Predictors of neurocognitive deficits can identify potentially modifiable risk factors as well as high-risk patients in whom alternate revascularization strategies may be considered. Methods and Results— 448 patients undergoing coronary surgery (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]) underwent standardized preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive testing as part of 2 randomized trials evaluating the effects of mild hypothermia during coronary surgery. Prospectively collected data were used to identify univariate predictors of POCDs and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. Models were bootstrapped 1000 times. POCDs occurred in 59% of patients. Significant univariate predictors included intraoperative normothermia, impaired left ventricular (LV) function, higher educational level, elevated serum creatinine and reduced creatinine clearance, prolonged intubation time, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and hospital stay. Advanced age, presence of carotid disease, and cardiopulmonary bypass time were not associated with increased POCDs in this cohort. Multivariable modeling identified intraoperative normothermia (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] −1.15 [1.01, 1.31]), poor LV function (1.53 [1.02, 2.30]), and elevated preoperative creatinine (1.01 [1.00 to 1.03] for every 1 mmol/L increase), prolonged (&gt;24 hours) ICU stay (1.88 [1.27 to 2.79]), and higher educational level (1.52 [1.01 to 2.28]) as independent predictors of POCD occurrence. Conclusions— Mild hypothermia, in the intraoperative and perioperative period, may be a protective strategy for the prevention of POCDs. Patients with elevated pre-operative creatinine and poor LV function carry a higher risk of POCDs and may benefit from revascularization strategies other than conventional on-pump CABG.
Allergic Pulmonary Infiltration due to Nitrofurantoin
Authors: D. C. F. Muir, J. A. Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEMORANDA create a distracting force on the fragments.This could easily give rise to a local haematoma.Hopps (1953) suggested that frequent bacteriaemia can take place without any symptoms.In the present case, therefore, local haematoma followed by haematogenous infection could be the mode of origin of osteomyelitis.The delay in operation does not appear to cause any harm, as excision of the diseased bone was followed by complete cure in all the five cases recorded.This can be explained by the localized nature of the lesion.Removal of the sesamoid gives a permanent cure.
ASSOCIATION OF N-TERMINAL-PRO-B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AND ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED CORONARY ARTERY SPASM AND 12 MONTH CLINICAL OUTCOME
Authors: Ji Young Park, Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Sureshkumar Ramasamy, Lin Wang, Byoung Geol Choi, Ji Bak Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Un Jung Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Can we measure working memory without contamination from knowledge held in long-term memory?
Authors: John Sweller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The metric devised by Halford, Wilson &amp; Phillips may have considerable potential in distinguishing between the working memory demands of different tasks but may be less effective in distinguishing working memory capacity between individuals. Despite the strengths of the metric, determining whether an effect is caused by relational complexity or by differential levels of expertise is currently problematic.
Altered molecular metabolism of knee joint tissues in a botox induced quadriceps muscle weakness model in the rabbit
Authors: A Leumann, R Fortuna, D Longino, T Leonard, D Hart, V Valderrabano, W Herzog
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Muscle weakness due to joint injuries (eg, anterior cruciate ligament rupture) or muscle injuries (eg, muscle strain) are very frequent in sports. Objective To analyze changes to knee joint ligaments and menisci induced by quadriceps muscle weakness by measuring molecular metabolism. Design Prospective randomised controlled trial. Setting Laboratory study. Interventions Chronic quadriceps muscle weakness was induced in six 1-year old New Zealand White rabbits through monthly injections of Botox (botulinum toxin A) for six months. Five age- and sex-matched rabbits served as controls. Main outcome measurements Muscle weakness was assessed by measuring muscle weight, isometric quadriceps force, and histologic muscle degeneration. Molecular metabolism was measured in the patellar tendon, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and medial and lateral menisci by measuring total RNA yields, and nine tissue specific RNA yields (eg, Collagen I, MMP-III). Results Muscle weights were decreased by 46.6%, muscle forces by 58.6 to 61.3% depending on the knee flexion angle, and cross sectional areas of the contractile apparatus by 54.7% (all results p&lt;0.001) for the test—compared to the control group animals. Molecular analysis showed significantly decreased overall turnover (MMP-I), and significantly decreased metabolism for anabolic factors (Collagen I, MMP-III, MMP-XIII, TGFâ) and reduced injury response (Collagen III, MMP-XIII). Discussion Quadriceps muscle weakness leads to adaptive changes in knee joint structures by adjusting specific RNA activities while overall cell metabolism remains unchanged. In the concept of the joint as an organ, this may reflect a new functional steady-state. Muscular unloading of the knee might impair the biomechanical function of the knee joint and its component structures. This could describe an underlying pathomechanism of the fact, that injured athletes are more susceptible to additional overuse injuries than healthy athletes. Therefore, we suggest that weaknesses of muscles and component joint structures being considered in injury treatment and rehabilitation.
Amphetamine misuse in southern Italy
Authors: L. Reccia, A. Rocco, M. Lioniello, G. Fichera
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Recreational use of amphetamines has always been widespread in drug misusers referred to our service. Recently 3,4 methylenedioxy-metamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) has been used in combination with other drugs, generally heroin, with a particularly powerful effect. Being new, these drugs are not familiar to our health workers, but our clients' willingness to talk has let us study the consequences of combining drugs. …
Extradural Corticosteroid Injection in Management of Lumbar Nerve Root Compression
Authors: T. F. W. Dilke, H. C. Burry, R. Grahame
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The effect of extradural corticosteroid injection in patients with nerve root compression syndromes associated with degenerative disease of the lumbar intervertebral discs was assessed in a double-blind controlled trial on 100 consecutive inpatients assigned by random allocation to treatment and control groups. Assessment during admission and at three months revealed statistically highly significant differences in respect of relief of pain and resumption of normal occupation in favour of the group treated by extradural injection. This treatment seems to be a valuable adjunct to the management of lumbar nerve root compression syndromes associated with degenerative disc disease.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE LEUCOCYTES DURING COINCIDENT REGENERATION AND THYROID-INDUCED METAMORPHOSIS IN THE FROG LARVA, WITH A CONSIDERATION OF GROWTH FACTORS
Authors: H. E. Jordan, C. C. Speidel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. Coincident progressive and regressive changes are induced in the tail of the frog larva by simultaneous thyroid administration and removal of a portion of the tail. The rate of growth of the regenerating tail is greatest in animals not treated with thyroid, next greatest in animals treated with thyroid 2 days after tail removal, somewhat less in animals treated with thyroid simultaneously with tail removal, and least in those treated with thyroid 2 days before removal of the tail. 2. The leucocytes chiefly concerned are neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, hemoblasts, and lymphoid phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages). The neutrophils further tissue lysis, the lymphoid phagocytes remove tissue débris. The lymphocytes are apparently not numerous enough to exert any important growth-promoting influence. The hemoblasts represent merely a part of the general reaction to thyroid treatment. Eosinophils are absent except for a few that appear in the late stages. Basophils of mesenchymal origin are present in the later stages of thyroid-treated animals. These appear to differentiate further into eosinophils. 3. The rate and amount of growth are correlated directly with the degree of crowding of cells, and inversely with the degree of vascularity. The greatest crowding and least vascularity occur in animals not treated with thyroid, somewhat less crowding and greater vascularity in those treated with thyroid 2 days after tail removal, still less crowding and somewhat greater vascularity in those treated with thyroid at the time of tail removal, and finally, least crowding and greatest vascularity occur in animals treated with thyroid 2 days before tail removal. These results support the views of Burrows (4) upon the mechanism of growth stimulation of cells.
The Effects of Stent Postdilatation on Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kanber Ocal Karabay, Emine Altuntas, Serkan Kahraman, Ersin Ozen, Onder Demıroz, Omer Yildiz, Vedat Aytekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Small intestinal permeability. 1. Effects of ischaemia and exposure to acetyl salicylate.
Authors: J G Kingham, P J Whorwell, C A Loehry
Journal: Gut (1976)

Permeability of the small intestinal mucosa was estimated using a perfusion technique after either a period of ischaemia or exposure to acetyl salicylate. It was shown that these procedures increased the passive permeability of the mucosa to macromolecules while maintaining normal mucosal selectivity. Histologically, there was derangment of the epithelial cell layer of the villous tips without damage to the epithelial basement membrane or subepithelial structures. It is concluded that the epithelial cell layer is purely limiting with no selective function and that the role of selectivity must be ascribed to either or both of the other mucosal barriers, the capillary and the epithelial basement membrane.
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease-associated genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Steven Estus
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

BackgroundRecent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded a bounty of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or conditions associated with AD.Here, we will present several vignettes that illustrate approaches to use these results to clarify AD-related pathways and potential therapeutics. MethodsSNPs of interest are identified from GWAS of AD or ADrelated conditions such as cholesterol or rheumatoid arthritis; these latter SNPs are then evaluated for association with AD by using PLINK-mediated logistic regression analysis of AD GWAS data.Resulting AD-associated SNPs are then evaluated further for their impact on gene expression or splicing in human brain autopsy samples by real-time PCR and immunostaining.Candidate SNPs are evaluated for function by using in vitro studies in transfected cells.
Gymnastique Médicinale et Chirurgicale
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Joseph-Clement Tissot, not nearly as well known as his more famous relative, Simon-Andre Tissot, was born near Besancon in 1747 and died in 1826. After studying medicine he spent most of his career in military service, an activity for which the wars that followed the French revolution offered abundant opportunity. However, the book here translated, on gymnastics, was written in 1780, and does not reflect military medicine.  The volume presents an 18th-century view of the various types of recommended exercise and the indications for which they were appropriate, together with incidental considerations of physiology, medicine, and surgery, as then understood. The book gives interesting sidelights on 18th-century modes of treatment, the logic of treatment, and the results. The translation, made by Dr. and Mrs. Licht, is fluent and the text reads well and easily.  A most unusual feature is the facsimile reproduction, not only of the original French text but
Points from letters: Long-term digoxin treatment in general practice
Authors: D A J Firebrace
Journal: BMJ (1976)

indicates that consultants in teaching hospitals are on average of higher quality than those in peripheral hospitals and that similar considerations apply respectively to those working in the South and the North of England and also to physicians and surgeons as opposed to geriatricians and psychiatrists.If Drs Bruggen and Bourne do not believe this they should say why.There are, of course, people who believe that merit should not be financially rewarded as the work involved is cleaner and more interesting than unskilled work.There are also people who believe that it is impossible to assess merit and it would appear from the Points from LettersClinical or administrative postal addresses ?
Cathelicidin LL-37 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and release of human α-defensins from neutrophils
Authors: Y. Zheng, F. Niyonsaba, H. Ushio, I. Nagaoka, S. Ikeda, K. Okumura, H. Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Cathelicidin LL‐37 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and release of human α‐defensins from neutrophils Get access Y. Zheng, Y. Zheng Atopy (Allergy) Research CenterDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Niyonsaba, F. Niyonsaba Atopy (Allergy) Research Center Correspondence: François Niyonsaba. E‐mail: francois@med.juntendo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ushio, H. Ushio Atopy (Allergy) Research Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Nagaoka, I. Nagaoka Host Defense and Biochemical Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Ikeda, S. Ikeda Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Okumura, K. Okumura Atopy (Allergy) Research CenterImmunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8421, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ogawa H. Ogawa Atopy (Allergy) Research Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 6, 1 December 2007, Pages 1124–1131, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08196.x Published: 01 December 2007
CHLORIDE RETENTION IN EXPERIMENTAL HYDRONEPHROSIS
Authors: Norman M. Keith, D. Schuyler Pulford
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. In acute experimental hydronephrosis chloride retention occurs as well as retention of water, urea, and phenolsulfonephthalein. 2. If both water and chlorides are retained there may be no appreciable rise in the plasma chloride content. 3. When chlorides are retained, but not water, the chloride content of the plasma rises strikingly. 4. After the removal of the ureteral obstruction in acute hydronephrosis all renal functions, water, urea, and chloride excretion, may be rapidly restored in equal degree, or the chlorides may be retained temporarily while there is free excretion of water and urea. 5. In chronic hydronephrosis adequate daily excretion of urea and chlorides may be maintained by a compensatory polyuria. 6. Chloride retention or an abnormal chloride excretion may occur in certain renal lesions when there is no change in the urea, phenolsulfonephthalein, or water excretion.
Overexpression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takuji Torimura, Takato Ueno, Motoaki Kin, Riko Harada, Eitaro Taniguchi, Toru Nakamura, Ryuichiro Sakata, Osamu Hashimoto, Masaharu Sakamoto, Ryukichi Kumashiro, Michio Sata, Osamu Nakashima, Hirohisa Yano, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Abstract 4468: Cripto-1 elicits innate resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations.
Authors: Kang-Seo Park, Giaccone Giuseppe, Yisong Wang, Trung Pham, Yongwha Moon, Ji Luo, Liam Changwoo Lee, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Isamu Okamoto, Yasushi Yatabe, Tony Mok, Mark Raffeld, Liqiang Xi, David S. Salomon, Caterina Bianco
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can initially benefit from erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) treatment. However, patients invariably develop resistance through secondary EGFR mutations, c-MET amplification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), small cell lung cancer transformation, PIK3CA mutation and other unknown mechanisms. Here we examined whether Cripto1, which has been shown to induce EMT, could cause erlotinib resistance. We show that innate erlotinib-resistant lung adenocarcinomas carrying sensitizing EGFR mutations exhibit higher level of Cripto1 expression than their erlotinib sensitive counterparts. Ectopic expression of Cripto1 rendered erlotinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells resistant to erlotinib both in vitro and in a xenograft model. Moreover, Cripto1 activated Zeb1/EMT signaling pathway in EGFR-TKI resistant cells. High Cripto1 expression correlated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Our study provides a novel Cripto1-dependent mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance that may pave the way for the development of therapies to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer patients. Citation Format: Kang-Seo Park, Giaccone Giuseppe, Yisong Wang, Trung Pham, Yongwha Moon, Ji Luo, Liam Changwoo Lee, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Isamu Okamoto, Yasushi Yatabe, Tony Mok, Mark Raffeld, Liqiang Xi, David S. Salomon, Caterina Bianco. Cripto-1 elicits innate resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4468. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4468
THE DECLINE IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: A. L. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to the editorial inThe Journal, July 22, allow me to suggest one more extremely important factor: the very general popular phthisiophobia. Phthisiophobes, lay and professional, undoubtedly exaggerate the danger of the patient, and especially of the "cleanly and conscientious" patient. But their attitude is that of the careful driver who does not try to estimate just what his chance of getting struck by a train at a particular crossing is. They are also, in the essential, qualitative facts, on an absolutely correct scientific basis for: 1. The great majority and the most fatal cases of tuberculosis are of human type and, ultimately, origin. 2. In the great majority of recognizable cases, the patients discharge bacilli in some way and at some times, while many discharge them in enormous numbers, practically constantly. 3. The bacillus has never been shown to require any period of development on
Aortic valve sclerosis, hemodynamics, and cardiovascular risk in hypertension: a LIFE substudy
Authors: Michael H. Olsen, Kristian Wachtell, Jonathan N. Bella, Vittorio Palmieri, Eva Gerdts, Markku S. Nieminen, Gunnar Smith, Bjom Dahlöf, Hans Ibsen, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Use of Corticosteroids During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Possible Lysosome Stabilization
Authors: ROBERT L. REPLOGLE, ALAN B. GAZZANIGA, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1966)

1. These studies suggest that massive doses of dexamethasone may stabilize the lysosome membrane during periods of circulatory stress. 2. Some of the postoperative complications following cardiopulmonary bypass may be related in part to lysosome damage incurred during bypass.
A Laboratory for Speech Research at the Children's Hospital Medical Center
Authors: Eric H. Lenneberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

TRADITIONALLY, hospitals have made facilities available for laboratories in the preclinical sciences. The present article reports on a new venture in hospital-based research: the establishment and operation of a laboratory in the field of behavioral sciences. Two years ago the Children's Hospital Medical Center accepted from the National Institutes of Mental Health and Neurological Disease and Blindness grants to finance the research laboratory for an initial five-year period. The purpose of this laboratory was to allow an entirely academic approach to problems pertaining to man's most outstanding behavioral characteristic: speech. At present projects carried out under the auspices of this . . .