tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small bowel resection and gastric acid hypersecretion.
Authors: B Buxton
Journal: Gut (1974)

Progress report Small bowel resection and gastric acid hypersecretionResection of a large segment of small intestine in the dog is associated with an increase in gastric acid secretion1-'8.However, the occurrence of gastric acid hypersecretion after small bowel resection in man remains in doubt.The benign postoperative course of patients who have undergone an ex- tensive intestinal resection after having had a previous gastric resection was first observed by Craig and Stewart (1960)19.Since then, the beneficial effect on survival of measures to control gastric acid secretion after extensive small bowel resection has been well documented4'20.An acute syndrome consisting of the aspiration of copious quantities of acid from the stomach after small bowel resection has been reported in man1421.The copious aspirate usually subsides in the first few weeks after surgery.There are few reports of long-term changes in acid secretion after small bowel resection or exclusion.A low pH of the jejunal contents in six patients of Krone, Theodore, Sleisinger, and Jeffries22 suggests that hyper- secretion exists after small bowel resection.However, the work of Shibata, McKenzie, and Long23, Salmon and Wright24, and Buchwald and Varco25 has not confirmed the increase in acid secretion in patients undergoing small bowel bypass.In man, therefore, the circumstantial evidence that is available suggests that there is a syndrome of hypersecretion after small bowel resection but the few studies of acid secretion which have been reported have not verified the presence of this syndrome.Although 50 years have elapsed since gastric acid hypersecretion after extensive small bowel resection was first demonstrated experimentally', knowledge of the mechanisms by which hypersecretion occurs is still frag- mentary.The increase in gastric secretion has been found to be proportional to the length of the intestine resected5'7.Controversy exists over which segment of the intestine, when removed, produces the greater increase in gastric acid secretion.A greater increase in gastric acid secretion was found after resection of the upper small intestine compared with the lower small intestine2'4'1"'2, whereas other authors have demonstrated a greater increase in gastric acid secretion after resection of the lower small intestine6'7.The acid response to exogenous stimulation of the parietal area either by histamine or gastrin is essentially unaffected by small bowel resection6""1,23, suggesting that the increase in acid secretion is confined to the acid response from a meal and is not related to a change in parietal cell function.The marked prolongation of the acid response to a meal after intestinal resection provides additional evidence that it is the later part of the meal response which is abnormal'4.A similar observation has been made by other authors, who reported difficulty in achieving a basal secretory state in dogs which had undergone an extensive intestinal resection5""lls9.In dogs with an antrectomy and a vagally denervated gastric pouch, an 229 on July 21,
Plasma Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Profile in Alcoholic Patients with and without Liver Disease: On the Relative Roles of Alcohol and Liver Injury
Authors: Gilles Duhamel, Bertrand Nalpas, Sonia Goldstein, Michel P. Laplaud, Pierre Berthelot, John M. Chapman
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

In the present study, we report on alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein patterns in three separate populations of alcoholic patients, one without liver damage (Group I), a second presenting steatosis or mild alcoholic hepatitis or both (Group II) and a third with alcoholic cirrhosis (Group III), using a healthy, normolipidemic, nonalcoholic group as controls (Group C). Total plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in Groups II and III when compared with Groups I and C, while the ratio of esterified to free cholesterol was considerably lower in Group III than in the other groups. Plasma apo-AI levels were higher in Groups I and II than in Group C, but varied over a wide range in Group III. Apo-AII was present at higher concentrations in Groups I and II than in both Groups III and C. In contrast, no significant differences were detected in total apo-B levels, irrespective of the group. Modifications in the chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins primarily concerned a reduction in the cholesteryl ester content of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group III, this being compensated by a reciprocal increase in triglyceride. In addition, Group III lipoproteins, with the exception of HDL3 (density 1.100 to 1.140 gm per ml), exhibited a greater content of phospholipids than those of corresponding density from patients in Groups I and II. No significant differences were found in very low-density lipoprotein concentrations, while LDL levels increased in parallel with the severity of liver injury. In Groups I and II, HDL2 concentrations were elevated relative to Group C, while HDL3 decreased in parallel with the degree of impairment of liver function and thus from Group C to Group III. Such opposing tendencies led to an HDL2:HDL3 ratio which was more than 5-fold higher than normal in Group III. The distribution of apoprotein B in the ultracentrifugal subfractions revealed no significant modification between the different groups. By contrast, in Groups I and II, apo-AI and apo-AII levels increased consequent to higher concentrations of HDL2. Our data suggest that abnormal HDL particles preferentially enriched in apo-AII and possibly apo-AI were present in Group I, while the lowest levels of both apo-AI and apo-AII were seen in Group III. No simple association is evident between a well-defined plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein profile and chronic alcoholism in the presence or absence of liver injury. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that measurement of the absolute concentrations and ratio of HDL2 and HDL3, as well as of the levels and ratio of apo-AI and apo-AII in these subclasses, may permit differentiation of certain of the subpopulations of chronic alcoholics described herein.
Abstract LB-200: Solution structure of c-Myc G-quadruplex complex with a quindoline compound
Authors: Jixun Dai, Megan Carver, Raveendra I. Mathad, Lawrence Hurley, Danzhou Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Overexpression of the c-Myc oncogene is associated with a broad spectrum of human cancers. Targeting transcriptional control of c-Myc represents an attractive means for cancer molecular therapeutics. A highly conserved nuclear hypersensitivity element III1 (NHE III1) of the c-Myc promoter controls 80–90% of the c-Myc transcription. It can form transcriptionally active and silenced forms, and the formation of DNA G-quadruplex structures has been shown to be critical for c-Myc transcriptional silencing. Small molecules that stabilize the c-Myc G-quadruplex have been shown to suppress c-Myc transcription and are anti-tumorigenic. We have determined the NMR structure of a 2:1 complex of the c-Myc quadruplex with a quindoline compound. This is the first molecular structure of a drug complex with a natural oncogene promoter quadruplex. The solution structure of this 2:1 quindoline-G-quadruplex complex shows unexpected features, including the drug-induced reorientation of the flanking sequences to form a new binding pocket. While both 3′ and 5′ complexes show overall similar features, there are identifiable differences that emphasize the importance of both stacking and electronic interactions. We identified the importance of the two flanking bases as well as the shape of the ligand in determining drug-binding specificity. The structural information will be crucial for structure-based rational drug design of molecules that specifically target the c-Myc silencer element. It also provides important implications for rational design of drugs that bind to unimolecular parallel G-quadruplexes commonly found in promoter elements. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-200
Physiology of cold water immersion: a comparison of cold water acclimatised and non-cold water acclimatised participants during static and dynamic immersions
Authors: Elizabeth Hingley, Dylan Morrissey, Michael Tipton, Jim House, Heather Lunt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Drowning is the third leading cause of accidental death worldwide. Many deaths from immersion in cold water are wrongly attributed to hypothermia. Humans can survive numerous hours in cold water, as seen in open water swimmers who complete endurance swims for many hours at low water temperatures. Previous studies performed on cold-water swimmers have shown distinct physiological differences in those regularly exposed to cold water compared to controls. The aim of this study was to identify whether regular cold water swimmers exhibit physiological adaptation to cold water immersion in static and dynamic conditions. Method A prospective case-control study, where participants were immersed in cold water (12°C); once during a static immersion and once during a swimming (dynamic) immersion. Six cold water acclimatised (CWAI) participants were matched to six non-cold water acclimatised participants for body fat percentage and gender for both the static and dynamic immersions and mean changed between the two groups compared. Results CWAI participants show a decreased metabolic rate leading to fall in core temperature during static immersion. In dynamic immersion, deep body temperature is maintained with little increase in metabolic heat production. Discussion CWAI participants show a hypothermic-type adaptation during static immersion in cold water. In contrast, an insulative-type adaptation is seen during dynamic immersion in the CWAI participants. The onset of shivering is delayed by adaptation to cold water. Insulative adaptation benefits the cold water swimmer as there is little or no increase in metabolic heat production. The swimmer can maintain their core temperature without wasting vital energy. Conclusion CWAI participants exhibit different types of adaptation depending on the type of immersion experienced.
ICAM-1 positive nasal epithelial cells, nasal eosinophils, and D. pteronyssinus allergen nasal provocation in house dust mite-sensitive allergic rhinitis: A clinical correlation study
Authors: J. Klaewsongkram, K. Ruxrungtham, P. Wannakrairot, P. Ruangvejvorachai, P. Phanupak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Recombinant alfa-interferon plus ribavirin therapy in children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Stefan Wirth, Thomas Lang, Stephan Gehring, Patrick Gerner
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Treatment with alfa-interferon alone yielded poor results in children with chronic hepatitis C and was not generally recommended. Owing to limited experience with combination therapy in children, the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alfa-interferon 2b in combination with ribavirin in these patients with different routes of viral transmission. In an uncontrolled pilot study, 41 children and adolescents ranging from 3 to 16 years were treated with alfa-interferon at a dose of 3 or 5 MU/m 2 3 times weekly in combination with oral ribavirin (15 mg/kg/d) for 12 months. The mode of infection was unknown in 4, parenterally transmitted in 16, and vertically transmitted in 21 children. Forty patients completed the study. Eleven children, who remained hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA positive 6 months after the beginning, discontinued therapy. One boy stopped treatment because of side effects. At the end of treatment 25 patients were HCV-RNA negative (61%). All individuals remained HCV-RNA negative during the 6-month follow-up period. Nine of 15 children with parenteral (56.3%), 14 of 21 with vertical (66.6%), and 2 of 4 with unknown route of infection responded. Side effects included minor clinical signs such as fever, flu-like symptoms, anorexia, and more severe signs (21.4%) such as the development of thyroid autoantibodies and impairment of thyroid function. In conclusion, combination of alfa-interferon with ribavirin seems to be an important advance in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children and adolescents. This also is true for both vertically infected patients and for individuals with normal transaminase levels before therapy.
War of the Mines: Cambodia, Landmines and the Impoverishment of a Nation
Authors: James C. Cobey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Land mines may be one of the greatest ecological disasters of the 20th century, as documented in a number of recent books by Asia Watch, Physicians for Human Rights, and the International Committees of the Red Cross (ICRC).<i>War of the Mines</i>by Paul Davies better describes the horrors of the problem by giving the details of what has happened to one country, Cambodia. In contrast to many other texts, this book is written primarily by one author, making it far more readable than multiauthored works. The book starts with a brief, well-done history of Cambodia and its most recent wars. It then gives an overview of the land mine problem in the country, describing types of mines, the injuries they cause, their locations throughout Cambodia, and the medical system available to help the wounded. The best parts of the book, besides describing in detail the horror of the injuries
Estimate of New Chronic HCV Cases Lower Than Expected
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is hepatitis B infection an indication for orthotopic liver transplantation? the answer, my friend, is Blowin' in the wind
Authors: Federico G. Villamil
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT Background. The role of liver transplantation in patients positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is controversial because of the high rate of recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It has not been determined whether this risk is greater for certain patients and whether the administration of anti–hepatitis B surface antigen (anti–HBe) immune globulin is beneficial. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study at 17 European centers of 372 consecutive HBsAg–positive patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1977 and 1990. Recurrence of HBV infection was defined as the reappearance of HBsAg in serum. Results. For all 334 patients with follow–up data, the mean (± SE) three–year actuarial risk of recurrence of HBV was 50 ± 3 percent. The risk was 87 ± 4 percent among 163 patients with HBV–related cirrhosis. 32 ± 5 percent among 110 patients with cirrhosis related to hepatitis delta virus, 40 ± 16 percent among 14 patients with fulminant hepatitis delta infection, and 17 ± 7 percent among 39 patients with fulminant HBV infection (P&lt;0.001). Among the patients with HBV–related cirrhosis, the risk of HBV recurrence was greatest (83 ± 8 percent) in those who were seropositive for HBV DNA at the time of transplantation and lowest (56 ± 7 percent) in those with neither HBV DNA nor hepatitis B e antigen detectable in serum. With respect to the use of passive prophylaxis with anti–HBs immune globulin, the risk of HBV recurrence was 75 ± 5 percent among the 67 patients given no immunoprophylaxis, 74 ± 5 percent among the 83 treated for two months, and 36 ± 4 percent among the 209 treated for six months or longer (P&lt;0.001). In a multivariate analysis the predictors of a lower risk of HBV recurrence were the long–term administration of the immune globulin, hepatitis delta virus superinfection, and acute liver disease. For the entire study cohort, survival was 75 percent at one year and 63 percent at three years, but for those in whom HBV infection recurred, survival was 68 percent at one year and 44 percent at three years. Conclusions. In this retrospective study of HBsAg–positive patients, liver transplantation had better results in those who had fulminant hepatitis or delta virus superinfection. An absence of viral replication at the time of transplantation and long–term immunoprophylaxis were associated with a reduced risk of recurrent HBV infection and reduced mortality.
Lamivudine (LAM) plus HBIg combination therapy compared to HBIg or notherapy in preventing hepatitis B (HBV) recurrence after livertransplantation (LT)
Authors: P. Andreone, G.L. Grazi, A. Gramenzi, C. Cursaro, M. Biselli, P. Caraceni, M.C. Morelli, C. Sama, E. Iovine, M. Del Gaudio, R. Bellusci, A. Mazziotti, A. Cavallari, M. Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Are donor-livers with low expression of CD80 at the time oftransplantation less susceptible to acute rejection?
Authors: J. Kwekkeboom, B. Bruyneel, H.W. Tilanus, J.N.M. Ijzermans, G.J. Bouma, P.E. Zondervan, H.J. Metselaar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Quantification of myocardial infarction: a comparison of single photon-emission computed tomography with pyrophosphate to serial plasma MB-creatine kinase measurements.
Authors: D E Jansen, J R Corbett, C L Wolfe, S E Lewis, G Gabliani, N Filipchuk, G Redish, R W Parkey, L M Buja, A S Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-pyrophosphate (PPi) has been shown to estimate size of myocardial infarction accurately in animals. We tested the hypothesis that SPECT with 99mTc-PPi and blood pool subtraction can provide prompt and accurate estimates of size of myocardial infarction in patients. SPECT estimates are potentially available early after the onset of infarction and should correlate with estimates of infarct size calculated from serial measurements of plasma MB-creatine kinase (CK) activity. Thirty-three patients with acute myocardial infarction and 16 control patients without acute myocardial infarction were studied. Eleven of the patients had transmural anterior myocardial infarction, 16 had transmural inferior myocardial infarction, and six had nontransmural myocardial infarction. SPECT was performed with a commercially available rotating gamma camera. Identical projection images of the distribution of 99mTc-PPi and the ungated cardiac blood pool were acquired sequentially over 180 degrees. Reconstructed sections were color coded and superimposed for purposes of localization of infarct. Areas of increased PPi uptake within myocardial infarcts were thresholded at 65% of peak activity. The blood pool was thresholded at 50% and subtracted to determine the endocardial border for the left ventricle. Myocardial infarcts ranged in size from 1 to 126 gram equivalents (geq) MB-CK. The correlation of MB-CK estimates of size of infarct with size determined by SPECT (both in geq) was good (r = .89 with a regression line of y = 13.1 + 1.5x).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influenza a Infections in Young Children
Authors: Peter F. Wright, Kathryn B. Ross, Juliette Thompson, David T. Karzon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To assess the impact of an influenza A/Port Chalmers infection on normal young children, we monitored 147 children during an epidemic; 121 were seronegative. There was a high attack rate (61 of 147), and a high rate of symptomatic disease (38 of 147), which resulted in frequent physician visits (25 of 38). Influenza accounted for 76 per cent of the sick-child visits during the two-month epidemic period. Young children undergoing primary influenza infection produced hemagglutination inhibition and antineuraminidase antibodies. Because of the immunologic responsiveness of young children, we examined the serologic correlates of protection. Ten children previously infected with influenza A/London and 16 who received live, attenuated A/Hong Kong ts-1[E] vaccine were protected against infection with the non-homologous A/Port Chalmers strain. The morbidity of influenza and ability of the young child to produce protective antibody should encourage evaluation of live, attenuated influenza vaccines in this age group. (N Engl J Med 296:829–834, 1977)
Who needs health care?
Authors: Christopher M Buttery
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.