tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Estrogenic Agents Area of Concern
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ESTROGEN and agents that mimic it appear to be more pervasive and problematic than ever suspected. Estrogen has long been implicated in diseases like breast cancer and endometriosis that primarily affect women. New evidence suggests that estrogenic chemicals also limit the sexual development of males in animal experiments and may be responsible for increasing testicular cancer rates and decreasing sperm counts in men worldwide. In addition, estrogenic agents, marked by an ability to elicit mitotic stimulation of genital tract cell proliferation, are turning up in unexpected places, including culture media and plastic laboratory flasks where they may be confounding experimental results, according to reports presented at a meeting in Washington, DC, Estrogens in the Environment, sponsored by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC. <h3>Some Good, Some Bad</h3> Some estrogens may be beneficial, like those in certain foods. Isoflavones in soy protein, for example, appear
A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Unsedated Esophagoscopy via Transnasal and Transoral Routes Using a 4-mm Video Endoscope with Conventional Endoscopy with Sedation
Authors: P. N. Thota, G. Zuccaro Jr., J. J. Vargo II, D. L. Conwell, J. A. Dumot, M. Xu
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Unsedated upper endoscopy is an attractive alternative to conventional sedated endoscopy because it can reduce the cost, complications, and recovery time of the procedure. However, it has not gained widespread acceptance in the United States. A prototype 4-mm-diameter video esophagoscope is available. Our aims were to compare unsedated esophagoscopy using this 4-mm esophagoscope with conventional sedated endoscopy with regard to diagnostic accuracy and patient tolerance, to determine the optimal intubation route (transnasal vs. transoral), and to identify the predictors of tolerance of unsedated endoscopy. Patients and Methods: Outpatients presenting for conventional endoscopy were randomized to undergo unsedated esophagoscopy by either the transnasal or the transoral route, followed by conventional endoscopy. The diagnostic findings, optical quality, and patient tolerance scores were assessed. Results: A total of 137 patients were approached and 90 (65.6 %) were randomized to undergo esophagoscopy by the transnasal route (n = 44) or by the transoral route (n = 46) before undergoing conventional esophagoscopy. Patient tolerance of unsedated esophagoscopy was comparable to that of conventional endoscopy. The transnasal route was better tolerated than the transoral route, except with respect to pain, and 93.2 % in transnasal group and 91.3 % in transoral group were willing to have the procedure again. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy using the 4-mm video endoscope was similar to that of standard endoscopy. Patients who tolerated the procedure well had lower preprocedure anxiety scores (29 vs. 42.5, P = 0.021) and a higher body mass index (31.5 kg/m2 vs. 28 kg/m2, P = 0.029) than the other patients. Conclusions: Unsedated esophagoscopy with a 4-mm esophagoscope was well tolerated and has a level of diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of conventional endoscopy. Factors associated with good tolerance of unsedated esophagoscopy were low anxiety levels, high body mass index, and use of the transnasal route. Unsedated endoscopy may be offered to a selected group of patients based on these criteria.
Lumbar Lordosis and strain of the Iliopsoas muscle
Authors: A. W. S. Watson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1974)

This short communication describes a possible relationship between lumbar lordosis and strain of the llio-psoas group of muscles in one subject, and its subsequent treatment.The subject was aged 20 and was an experienced and skilled footballer.He had suffered from repeated muscle strain in the groin region over the previous 3 or 4 years.This occurred when forceful flexion of the hip joint was hindered or prevented by contact of the player's boot with the ground, another player or some other obstruction.This condition was disabling, extremely painful and slow to heal, usually requiring a recovery period of from 6 to 8 weeks.It was also the subject of many different diagnoses and was variously treated by rest, local heat, physiotherapy, injection of cortisone and hyaluronidase.The condition continued to recur on a regular basis and the recovery period was little affected by any of the above treatments.
Capacitive Epidermal Electronics for Electrically Safe, Long‐Term Electrophysiological Measurements
Authors: Jae‐Woong Jeong, Min Ku Kim, Huanyu Cheng, Woon‐Hong Yeo, Xian Huang, Yuhao Liu, Yihui Zhang, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Integration of capacitive sensing capabilities to epidermal electronic systems (EES) can enhance the robustness in operation for electrophysiological signal measurement. Capacitive EES designs are reusable, electrically safe, and minimally sensitive to motion artifacts. Experiments on human subjects illustrate levels of fidelity in ECG, EMG, and EOG recordings comparable to those of standard gel electrodes and of direct contact EES electrodes. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cardiorespiratory Arrests and Rapid Response Teams in Pediatrics
Authors: Paul Frost
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Sickroom in Victorian Fiction: The Art of Being Ill
Authors: W F Bynum
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Miriam Bailin Cambridge University Press, £30, pp 169 ISBN 0 521 44526 4

Tertius Lydgate and Dr Thorne apart, doctors mostly had only supporting roles in Victorian novels. They could offer pronouncements, prognoses, and prescriptions. Sometimes they sat up and watched. Occasionally, they seemed to cure. For the most part, however, they remained shadowy figures, catalysts to the narrative action but not central to it.

Until recently, the history of medicine has concentrated on doctors. Now, patients, nurses, and the experience of illness, pain, and suffering have …
SOME THOUGHTS ON PLEURISY
Authors: G. A. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1905)

left arytenoid cartilage, however, moves perfectly well.The present condition of the larynx is very faithfully represented bv the second sketch, for which I am indebted to Mr. E. Waggett.The patient's voice is quite natural, and she can even sing.Of the tumour, which is shown in natural size in Fig. 3,
THE EFFECT OF THYROID AND OVARIAN GLAND EXTRACTS IN CASES OF PREVIOUS MISCARRIAGE AND STILLBIRTH
Authors: A. White
Journal: BMJ (1924)

I ~SE F GANDMEDICAL JOURNAi above the left ear, an incised wound of the left cheek, a punctured wound of the neck (left side), and an incised wound of the left nmiddle finger.Surgical emphysema was well marked and extended over the lowver part of the left thorax and upper abdomen.A director passed into the chest wound penetrated very deeply (lownwards, medially, and somewhat backwards, and on with- (Irawal was followed by a gush of blood.During his evidence before the magistrate the patient had one fit of explosive vomiting and his general condition became much worse.
The intestinal brush border
Authors: R. Holmes
Journal: Gut (1971)

Progress reportThe intestinal brush borderThe appearance of the striated border of intestinal epithelial cells under the light microscope was described many years ago1, and the first demonstration that this border consisted of fine projections or microvilli was made by Granger and Baker in 19492 using the electron microscope.Since that time the intestines of many species including man have been shown to possess brush (microvillous) borders3, and there are approximately 1,700 microvilli on each epithelial cell4.A single microvillus measures about 1 micron in length and 0.1 micron in diameter, and the total brush borders of the small intestine have been estimated to increase the surface of the absorptive cells thirty-to forty-fold4.In 1961, Miller and Crane5 separated intact brush bor- ders from the epithelial cells of hamster small intestine.Over the last 10 years the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells have been investigated intensively for digestive, absorptive and binding functions, and they have been the sub- jects of several reviews6 7,899,10,11 and one symposium12.In this report no attempt will be made to review the subject exhaustively but rather to highlight the important functional aspects and also to discuss some more recent developments. Historical and Technical AspectsAs early as 1880, Brown and Heron13 showed that enzymes hydrolysing disaccharides were present mainly in the intestinal mucosa rather than in the intestinal juice and this finding has been repeatedly confirmed14'15'1f"7'18.Nevertheless, for many years it was generally considered19 20 that the terminal phase of carbohydrate and protein digestion took place by the action of enzymes secreted into the lumen in the intestinal juice or succus entericus.However, the localization of certain enzymes to the brush border by histo- gatorS27 28,29,30 and confirmed by different methods24'31 and have provided impressive evidence against the idea that succus entericus played a major role in terminal digestion in the small intestine.
Rho mediates calcium-dependent activation of p38α and subsequent excitotoxic cell death
Authors: Maria M Semenova, Anu M J Mäki-Hokkonen, Jiong Cao, Vladislav Komarovski, K Marjut Forsberg, Milla Koistinaho, Eleanor T Coffey, Michael J Courtney
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
Obstetric anal sphincter injury
Authors: D. Abbott, N. Atere-Roberts, A. Williams, E. Oteng-Ntim, L. C. Chappell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between disease progression and OCTA vessel density and other indices in patients with diabetic retinopathy. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants were selected with the following criteria: 63 patients (100 eyes) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which included 44 patients (72 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy and 19 patients (28 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR), who were seen at the Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2020 to July 2021. All patients underwent OCTA examination, and FAZ, PERIM, AI, FD, SVD, DVD and other indices were counted. <h3>Results</h3> (1) The correlation coefficients of SVD, paracentric SVD, DVD, paracentric DVD and DR processes were: -0.525, -0.586, -0.323, and -0.424 (<i>P</i>&lt; 0.05), respectively, and all were moderately negatively correlated. (2) The correlation coefficients of FAZ and PERIM with DR process were: -0.031, 0.084 (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05), respectively, and not correlated. The correlation coefficients of AI and FD with DR process were: 0.307, −0.459 (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05), and with moderate positive and negative correlations, respectively. (3) The correlation coefficients of FAZ, PERIM, AI and FD with age were: -0.124, -0.052, 0.113, -0.170 (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05), and no correlation, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The disease progression of DR was moderately correlated with OCTA superficial vessel density and deep vessel density; and moderately correlated with AI and FD. OCTA could assist in the assessment of DR disease progression.
Discovery of an Intricate Balance
Authors: Jennifer L. Hall
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

I n this issue of Circulation Research, Yurkova et al 1 present direct evidence that a cell cycle regulatory factor, E2F-1, binds to a proapoptotic gene in hypoxic cardiac myocytes, leading to apoptosis.Life embraces death.The role of the cell cycle regulatory protein E2F-1 in a postmitotic cardiac myocyte has remained somewhat of a mystery.In 1997, while working in the laboratory of Schneider, Kirshenbaum and colleagues uncovered a critical clue.Cardiac myocytes overexpressing E2F-1 entered the cell cycle and headed for the grave. 2,3This work was among the first to lead a wave of evidence across disciplines to support a role for E2F-1 in the cell cycle and cell death. 4However, the mechanism(s) by which E2F-1 promotes apoptosis have remained unclear.Kirshenbaum has returned.This time with the discovery that E2F-1 binds to the promoter region of Bnip3, an apoptotic gene, promoting an intrinsic cell death signaling pathway under conditions of hypoxia (Figure). 1Thus, 10 years ago, Kirshenbaum and colleagues published findings causing us to reexamine the predefined 1-dimensional role of E2F-1 as a cell cycle regulatory factor and consider E2F-1 as a multidimensional protein with the ability to regulate both cell cycle and intrinsic cell death pathways.In this issue of Circulation Research, Yurkova et al have discovered that E2F-1 binds the promoter region of a cell death gene and promotes apoptosis.Prior evidence from other laboratories linked E2F-1 expression with signature patterns of both cell cycle proliferation genes and proapoptotic genes.However, Yurkova et al take this important step further and demonstrate that E2F-1 binds to the Bnip3 promoter under specific conditions, including hypoxia. 1 Importantly, this is not seen in the setting of normoxia, nor under conditions of the enhanced presence of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb), a pocket protein that binds and inactivates E2F-1 (Figure ). 1 Yurkova et al use several independent strategies to demonstrate that the intrinsic cell death pathway induced by E2F-1 is dependent on the transcriptional activation of Bnip3. 1 First, overexpression of E2F-1 in ventricular myocytes induced an Ϸ6-fold upregulation of Bnip3 transcript expression. 1 This finding is in line with the evidence showing that E2F-1 binds to the promoter region of Bnip3.Finally, E2F-1-induced cell death was inhibited by overexpression of a carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant of Bnip3, as well as short hairpin RNA directed against Bnip3. 1
Abstract 120: Cellular import of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein survivin
Authors: Salma Khan, Jessica M. Slater, Jonathan W. Neidigh, Nathan R. Wall
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein survivin is found overexpressed in virtually all human cancers and has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis. Recent work performed by our laboratory and that of others has demonstrated that survivin, when found or expressed extracellularly, is associated with a more aggressive disease form. In a variety of cancer cell lines grown in conditioned medium, rich with a flag/HA-tagged form of survivin, intracellular accumulation was readily detected. We found that survivin was internalized constitutively at a rate that was not affected by chelation of the conditioned medium in HeLa S cervical cancer cells. Instead, survivin internalization was modestly affected by lipid membrane stasis, induced by cooling the cells and the conditioned medium prior to and during incubation leading us to investigate if survivin's intracellular accumulation was dependent upon clathrin-coated pit-dependent endocytosis. Using dual-affinity protein purification and mass-spectrometry, survivin was found associating directly with clathrin, TNFR1, and the transferrin receptor (TfR), indicating that the process of survivin uptake may be through endocytosis. In addition, short-inhibitory RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TNFR1 and TfR as well as antibody blocking of these receptors significantly reduced survivin's intracellular accumulation. Further characterization of this novel survivin pool and its intracellular accumulation may reveal new strategies for the downregulation of survivin in cancer and ultimately better treatment strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 120.
Functional consequences of integrin-linked kinase activation in podocyte damage
Authors: Vicente De Paulo Castro Teixeira, Simone Monika Blattner, Min Li, Hans-Joachim Anders, Clemens David Cohen, Ilka Edenhofer, Novella Calvaresi, Monika Merkle, Maria Pia Rastaldi, Matthias Kretzler
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Associations With All-Cause and CVD Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Quanhe Yang, Mary E. Cogswell, W. Dana Flanders, Yuling Hong, Zefeng Zhang, Fleetwood Loustalot, Cathleen Gillespie, Robert Merritt, Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Recent recommendations from the American Heart Association aim to improve cardiovascular health by encouraging the general population to meet 7 cardiovascular health metrics: not smoking; being physically active; having normal blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels, and weight; and eating a healthy diet.To examine time trends in cardiovascular health metrics and to estimate joint associations and population-attributable fractions of these metrics in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk.Study of a nationally representative sample of 44,959 US adults (≥20 years), using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, 1999-2004, and 2005-2010 and the NHANES III Linked Mortality File (through 2006).All-cause, CVD, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality.Few participants met all 7 cardiovascular health metrics (2.0% [95% CI, 1.5%-2.5%] in 1988-1994, 1.2% [95% CI, 0.8%-1.9%] in 2005-2010). Among NHANES III participants, 2673 all-cause, 1085 CVD, and 576 IHD deaths occurred (median follow-up, 14.5 years). Among participants who met 1 or fewer cardiovascular health metrics, age- and sex-standardized absolute risks were 14.8 (95% CI, 13.2-16.5) deaths per 1000 person-years for all-cause mortality, 6.5 (95% CI, 5.5-7.6) for CVD mortality, and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.8-4.5) for IHD mortality. Among those who met 6 or more metrics, corresponding risks were 5.4 (95% CI, 3.6-7.3) for all-cause mortality, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.5-2.5) for CVD mortality, and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7-2.0) for IHD mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios were 0.49 (95% CI, 0.33-0.74) for all-cause mortality, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.13-0.47) for CVD mortality, and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.13-0.68) for IHD mortality, comparing participants who met 6 or more vs 1 or fewer cardiovascular health metrics. Adjusted population-attributable fractions were 59% (95% CI, 33%-76%) for all-cause mortality, 64% (95% CI, 28%-84%) for CVD mortality, and 63% (95% CI, 5%-89%) for IHD mortality.Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality, but the prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was low in the study population.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Caused by Cladosporium in an Enclosed Hot-Tub Area
Authors: ROBERT L. JACOBS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A 48-year-old woman had an 18-month history of malaise and chronic cough with intermittent episodes of fever, chills, and pneumonic infiltrates. Transbronchial biopsy findings were consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Cultures of fungus from a hot-tub room in her home were positive for Cladosporium species. Serum precipitins were weakly positive for Cladosporium cladosporioides. Removal of the patient from the home environment led to a resolution of symptoms within 1 week. Within 4 hours of re-exposure to the hot-tub room, symptoms and signs and changes in leukocyte count and spirometric values again occurred. Bronchial provocation with a commercial extract of C. cladosporioides led to a similar pattern 5 hours after the initial challenge. This case identifies a previously unreported etiologic agent and environmental site for hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
"She has Suffered Many Things." Another Case.
Authors: Ephraim Cutter
Journal: JAMA (1896)

New York, April 2, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —By request I report a case to go along with that of Dr. Cory's reported case, Vol. xxvi, p. 587 of ourJournal. Some ten years ago a middle-aged widow presented herself for treatment, and the examinations disclosed the following: Anteflexion and hyperesthesia of the uterus. Asthma, shown by dyspnea. Bright's disease of the kidneys, shown by albumin, casts and fatty epithelia. Fibroid tumor attached to the fundus of uterus, globar, pedunculated, about three inches and a half in diameter. Pleuritis, shown by pain and friction sounds, about lateral third of chest. Tuberculosis of lung, shown by impaired resonance on percussion, crackling respiration, elastic and inelastic lung fibers in sputum and the morphology of tuberculous blood. This case was treated on the Salisbury plan. 4, disappeared in two months; 1, was hard to cure; 5, speedily disappeared; 3, also; 2, occasionally reappears;
IL-23 is essential for T cell–mediated colitis and promotes inflammation via IL-17 and IL-6
Authors: David Yen, Jeanne Cheung, Heleen Scheerens, Frédérique Poulet, Terrill McClanahan, Brent Mckenzie, Melanie A. Kleinschek, Alex Owyang, Jeanine Mattson, Wendy Blumenschein, Erin Murphy, Manjiri Sathe, Daniel J. Cua, Robert A. Kastelein, Donna Rennick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Uncontrolled mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract of humans results in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. In early clinical trials as well as in animal models, IL-12 has been implicated as a major mediator of these diseases based on the ability of anti-p40 mAb treatment to reverse intestinal inflammation. The cytokine IL-23 shares the same p40 subunit with IL-12, and the anti-p40 mAbs used in human and mouse IBD studies neutralized the activities of both IL-12 and IL-23. IL-10-deficient mice spontaneously develop enterocolitis. To determine how IL-23 contributes to intestinal inflammation, we studied the disease susceptibility in the absence of either IL-23 or IL-12 in this model, as well as the ability of recombinant IL-23 to exacerbate IBD induced by T cell transfer. Our study shows that in these models, IL-23 is essential for manifestation of chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas IL-12 is not. A critical target of IL-23 is a unique subset of tissue-homing memory T cells, which are specifically activated by IL-23 to produce the proinflammatory mediators IL-17 and IL-6. This pathway may be responsible for chronic intestinal inflammation as well as other chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases.