tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Manifestations of the Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical and Experimental Study.
Authors: E. Corday
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Cerebral Manifestations of the Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical and Experimental Study.E. Corday, M.D., F.A.C.P., S. F. Rothenberg, M.D., D. W. Irving, M.D.E. Corday, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, S. F. Rothenberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. W. Irving, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-666_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany cerebral strokes are due to undetected cardiac arrhythmias. Any rapid cardiac arrhythmia may induce neurological symptoms as hemiplegia, aphasia, or psychosis. Twenty-eight patients who developed neurological disturbances following various cardiac arrhythmias were carefully studied. Most of these were due to rapid atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia. Undetected bradycardia due to vagotonia was a common cause of transient episodes of unconsciousness.The cerebral blood flow was measured in animals when cardiac arrhythmias were induced. It was noted that frequent premature systoles reduced the cerebral blood flow 7 to 12%. More frequent runs of premature systoles caused a greater reduction. Supraventricular... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 666-667KeywordsArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationBlood flowBradycardiaStrokeSystoleTachycardia Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
MMP-9 deficiency shelters endothelial PECAM-1 expression and enhances regeneration of steatotic livers after ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Hiroyuki Kato, Naohisa Kuriyama, Sergio Duarte, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Ronald W. Busuttil, Ana J. Coito
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Growth hormone inhibits rat liver ?-1-acid glycoprotein gene expressionin vivo andin vitro
Authors: Najet Mejdoubi, Cécile Henriques, Elisabeth Bui, Geneviève Durand, Bernard Lardeux, Dominique Porquet
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The gene encoding α–1–acid glycoprotein (AGP), one of the major acute–phase proteins, is positively controlled at the transcriptional level by cytokines (interleukin–1 [IL–1], IL–6, and tumor necrosis factor α) and glucocorticoids. Here, we show that growth hormone (GH) treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro reduces AGP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. AGP gene expression remained inducible by IL–1, IL–6, and phenobarbital (PB) in GH–treated hepatocytes. Interestingly, the repressive effect of GH on AGP gene expression was also observed in vivo : liver AGP mRNA content was strongly increased in hypophysectomized rats, and GH treatment of these animals led to a decrease in mRNA to levels lower than those in untreated control animals. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of GH mainly occurs at the transcriptional level and can be observed as little as 0.5 hours after GH adding in vitro to isolated hepatocytes. These results show negative regulation of AGP gene expression and strongly suggest that GH is a major endogenous regulator of constitutive AGP gene expression. Moreover, transfection assays showed that the region of the AGP promoter located at position -147 to -123 is involved in AGP gene regulation by GH. Furthermore, GH deeply modifies the pattern of nuclear protein binding to this region. GH treatment of hypophysectomized rats led to the release of proteins of 42 to 45 and 80 kd and to the binding of proteins of 48 to 50 and 90 kd.
Women's views on overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening: a qualitative study
Authors: J. Hersch, J. Jansen, A. Barratt, L. Irwig, N. Houssami, K. Howard, H. Dhillon, K. McCaffery
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To elicit women’s responses to information about the nature and extent of overdiagnosis in mammography screening (detecting disease that would not present clinically during the woman’s lifetime) and explore how awareness of overdiagnosis might influence attitudes and intentions about screening. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study using focus groups that included a presentation explaining overdiagnosis, incorporating different published estimates of its rate (1–10%, 30%, 50%) and information on the mortality benefit of screening, with guided group discussions <b>Setting</b> Sydney, Australia <b>Participants</b> Fifty women aged 40–79 years with no personal history of breast cancer and with varying levels of education and participation in screening. <b>Results</b> Prior awareness of breast cancer overdiagnosis was minimal. Women generally reacted with surprise, but most came to understand the issue. Responses to overdiagnosis and the different estimates of its magnitude were diverse. The highest estimate (50%) made some women perceive a need for more careful personal decision making about screening. In contrast, the lower and intermediate estimates (1–10% and 30%) had limited impact on attitudes and intentions, with many women remaining committed to screening. For some women, the information raised concerns, not about whether to screen but whether to treat a screen detected cancer or consider alternative approaches (such as watchful waiting). Information preferences varied: many women considered it important to take overdiagnosis into account and make informed choices about whether to have screening, but many wanted to be encouraged to be screened. <b>Conclusions</b> Women from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds could comprehend the issue of overdiagnosis in mammography screening, and they generally valued information about it. Effects on screening intentions may depend heavily on the rate of overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis will be new and counterintuitive for many people and may influence screening and treatment decisions in unintended ways, underscoring the need for careful communication.
Treatment of rheumatic diseases.
Authors: M A Byron
Journal: BMJ (1987)

We describe a case of renal vein thrombosis in association with the nephrotic syndrome. The patient had recurrent pulmonary emboli which, having failed to respond to routine anticoagulant treatment, were managed successfully by the insertion of a Greenfield filter into the inferior vena cava above the renal vein thrombosis site. The only coagulation abnormality in this patient was a deficiency of antithrombin III.
The interpretation of physiology
Authors: Barbara E. Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Not at all self-evident, the so-called isomorphisms between the phenomenology and physiology of dreams have been interpreted by Hobson et al. in an arbitrary manner to state that dreams are stimulated by chaotic brainstem stimulation (an assumption also adopted by Vertes &amp; Eastman). I argue that this stimulation is not chaotic at all; nor does it occur in the absence of control from the cerebral cortex, which contributes complexity to brainstem activity as well as meaningful information worth consolidating in the brain during sleep. [Hobson et al.; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Examination of attendance patterns before and after introduction of south africa's policy of free health care for children aged under 6 years and pregnant women
Authors: D. Wilkinson, M. E Sach, S. S A. Karim
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To assess correlation between type of breast cyst and risk of breast cancer in women with gross cystic disease of the breast.Design: Cohort study of women with breast cysts aspirated between 1983 and 1993 who were followed up until December 1994 for occurrence of breast cancer.Setting: Major cancer prevention centre.Subjects: 802 women with aspirated breast cysts.Main outcome measures: Type of breast cyst based on cationic content of cyst fluid: type I (potassium:sodium ratio > 1.5), type II (potassium:sodium ratio < 1.5), or mixed (both types).Subsequent occurrence and type of breast cancer.Results: After median follow up of six years (range 2-12 years) 15 cases of invasive breast cancer and two ductal carcinomas in situ were diagnosed in the cohort: 12 invasive cancers (and two carcinomas in situ) among the 417 women with type I cysts, two cancers among the 325 women with type II cysts, and one among the 60 women with mixed cysts.The incidence of breast cancer in women with type I cysts was significantly higher than that in women with type II cysts (relative risk 4.62 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 29.7)).These results were confirmed after adjustment for several risk factors for breast cancer (relative risk 4.24 (1.12 to 27.5)). Conclusions:The increased risk of breast cancer of women with breast cysts seems to be concentrated among women with type I breast cysts.
Fibrinolytic effects of intracoronary streptokinase administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency.
Authors: M J Cowley, A Hastillo, G W Vetrovec, L M Fisher, R Garrett, M L Hess
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Serial coagulation studies were obtained in 25 patients treated with intracoronary streptokinase infusion for myocardial infarction (23 patients) or coronary insufficiency (two patients) to determine the frequency of systemic fibrinolytic activity. Clotting studies were obtained before and after infusion and at 4-hour intervals until normalization. Intracoronary thrombolysis was successful in 20 of 23 patients (87%) with myocardial infarction. Streptokinase dosage in this study was 201,000 +/- 74,000 IU (+/- SD). Systemic fibrinolytic activity, defined as greater than 70% reduction of fibrinogen using a functional assay (Claus method), occurred in 22 of 25 patients (88%) and was present at a mean streptokinase dosage of 119,000 +/- 52,000 IU. Fibrinogen in the total population decreased from 342 +/- 80 to 87 +/- 94 mg% (p less than 0.0001). In patients with systemic effect, the mean fibrinogen level after infusion was 17% of baseline, increased to 43% at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 30 hours. Plasminogen decreased to 7% of baseline activity after infusion (p less than 0.0001), was 44% of baseline at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 48 hours. Intraprocedural sampling during infusion showed reduction of fibrinogen by 25% after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0005) and by 71% at 120,000 IU (p less than 0.0001); plasminogen decreased by 50% after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0001) and by 84% at 120,000 IU (p less than 0.0001). Prothrombin time increased from 11.5 +/- 0.8 seconds to 22.0 +/- 7.8 seconds after infusion (p less than 0.0001) and returned to normal at a mean of 18 +/- 11 hours after infusion. Partial thromboplastin time was markedly prolonged (greater than 100 seconds) after infusion, returned to less than or equal to 2 times control at 5 +/- 2 hours, and returned to normal at 9 +/- 4 hours after infusion. Fibrinogen degradation products were less than 10 micrograms/ml before infusion, increased to greater than 40 micrograms/ml after infusion, and remained greater than 40 micrograms/ml in 40% of patients at 24 hours after infusion. These data indicate that systemic fibrinolytic activity occurs in a high percentage of patients with "low-dose" intracoronary streptokinase infusion and that coagulation variables may be altered for 24-48 hours after infusion.
Impaired maximal rate of left ventricular relaxation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: S E Papapietro, H C Coghlan, D Zissermann, R O Russell, C E Rackley, W J Rogers
Journal: Circulation (1979)

It has been suggested that the rate of left ventricular (LV) relaxation is related to the inotropic state, end-systolic fiber length and peak LV pressure, but little information is available regarding the rate of LV relaxation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and LV dysfunction. To assess the rate of LV relaxation we obtained high-fidelity LV pressure measurements with manometer-tip catheters in 39 patients. The signal was analyzed by a digital computer to yield the maximal rate of pressure rise (pos dP/dt) and the maximal rate of pressure fall (neg dP/dt). Selective coronary arteriography and biplane LV angiography with determination of LV volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and percent abnormally contracting segments (ACS) when present, were performed in all patients. In 10 patients with normal LV function (EF greater than 0.50, no asynergy) mean neg dP/dt (2074 +/- 121 mm Hg/sec) was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than in 29 patients with CAD and LV dysfunction (1695 +/- 66 mm Hg/sec). In nine patients with LV dysfunction and EF less than 0.35, mean neg dP/dt was reduced to 1405 +/- 107 mm Hg/sec, significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than in patients with normal LV function. Neg dP/dt correlated well with pos dP/dt (r = 0.75), with EF (r = 0.74), and with ACS (r = -0.74), and less well with LV end-systolic volume (r = 0.67). There was very poor correlation between neg dP/dt and peak LV pressure (r = 0.30). These data suggest that the rate of LV relaxation, as assessed by neg dP/dt, is impaired in patients with CAD and LV dysfunction, and the extent of impairment is related to the severity of the dysfunction as determined hemodynamically by pos dP/dt, and angiographically by EF and ACS. In these patients the maximal rate of LV relaxation is inversely related to LV end-systolic volume, and is not related to peak LV pressure.
The analytical biochemistry of chromium.
Authors: S A Katz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The essentiality and carcinogenicity of chromium depend on its chemical form. Oxidation state and solubility are particularly important in determining the biological effects of chromium compounds. For this reason, total chromium measurements are of little value in assessing its nutritional benefits or its toxicological hazards. Aqueous sodium carbonate-sodium hydroxide solutions have been successfully used for extracting hexavalent chromium from a variety of environmental and biological matrices while preserving its oxidation state. Typical recoveries are 90 to 105% in samples spiked with both trivalent and hexavalent chromium. Determination of hexavalent chromium after extraction with sodium carbonate-sodium hydroxide solution, coupled with the determination of total chromium after nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion, has been applied to the evaluation of chromium speciation in airborne particulates, sludges, and biological tissues.
Mental Health in the Millennium Development Goals: Authors' Reply
Authors: J. Jaime Miranda, Vikram Patel
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

s PLoS Medicine, Daniel Reidpath and Kit Yee Chan challenge the widely cited link between HIV-related stigma and the spread of the epidemic [1].This is an important question, given the heavy emphasis on stigma in policies of the World Health Organization, the Joint United Programme on HIV/AIDS, and other public health institutions, but in making their argument Reidpath and Chan misrepresent the connections that other authors have made between stigma and viral transmission, ignore evidence that does suggest an association, and propose a model of their own for which they offer no evidence.HIV infection establishes itself fi rst in certain high-risk groups-men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, sex workers, mobile populations-and only later moves into the general population.In the early stages of the epidemic, stigma facilitates transmission within high-risk groups, because these already marginalized groups receive little attention from policy makers and the health-care community and are further discriminated against when they are identifi ed with HIV and AIDS [2].Stigma also prevents or makes it more diffi cult for members of high-risk groups to access preventive services, including HIV antibody testing [3].Reidpath and Chan distort this dynamic by describing a model in which stigma leads to fear which leads to unsafe behavior.We know of no one who suggests that stigma causes sex between men or intravenous drug use.Instead, there is evidence that HIV-related stigma makes it diffi cult for people to take actions to reduce their risks; for example, by accessing HIV education [4], exchanging needles [5], and negotiating condom use [6].Stigma may even lead women who know they are HIV positive to breast-feed their infants rather than arouse suspicion of their serostatus through formula feeding [7].This undoubtedly increases the risk of vertical viral transmission.Reidpath and Chan go on to propose that stigma may actually "slow the spread of infection from those [highrisk] groups to the general population."Although there is a plausible logic to this suggestion, there is no evidence for it.Even if stigma does reduce the opportunities that marginalized groups have to transmit HIV to the broader population, this would have little effect on the dynamics of a generalized epidemic.While they recognize that stigma presents a barrier to the treatment and care of people living with HIV, Reidpath and Chan fail to recognize the association this may have with increased transmission.HIV-related stigma discourages people from disclosing their status, entering care, and adhering to antiretroviral regimens, all of which represent missed opportunities for prevention.Around the world HIV capitalizes on and reinforces social stigma and discrimination, especially the low status of women.Defeating the epidemic requires an honest examination of all these phenomena and interventions that target both the virus itself and its widespread social impacts.
Evidence of a shared mechanism of vasoconstriction in pulmonary and systemic circulation in hypertension: a possible role of intracellular calcium.
Authors: M D Guazzi, A Polese, A Bartorelli, A Loaldi, C Fiorentini
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We investigated the hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulation in 35 patients with primary hypertension, as well as the effects of calcium-channel blockade, to test whether a common factor may account for the excessive vascular resistance in the two circuits and whether intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) may be involved. We proved that (1) elevated pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) is not related to pulmonary blood flow and volume, pleural pressure, arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension and pH, left ventricular filling pressure and function; (2) systemic vascular resistance (SVR) significantly correlates with PAR; (3) calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine reduces systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures toward normal and significantly lowers both SVR and PAR; (4) the percent decrease in vascular resistance after nifedipine is related to the baseline level of resistance in both the greater and the lesser circulations. Failure of the mechanisms currently indicated as responsible for pulmonary vasoconstriction to explain convincingly the increased PAR, the correlation between SVR and PAR, as well as the qualitatively similar response to calcium-channel blockade suggest that a common factor produces vasoconstriction in the two circuits. A pathogenetic role of a primary disorder in [Ca++]i cannot be excluded, but remains to be proved.
921 CONTRIBUTION OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY (DILI) IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT) INDICATION FOR ACUTE LIVER FAILURE (ALF) IN ADULTS IN FRANCE
Authors: P. Larrey, G.-P. Pageaux, E. Gulmez, S. Lignot, G. Thoni, F. Hamoud, S. Micon, P. Blin, J. Bernuau, F. Bissoli, Y. Horsmans, J.L. Montastruc, D. Samuel, B. Strieker, D. Thorburn, J. Benichou, J. Jové, R. Lassalle, N. Moore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Actinic keratoses in renal transplant recipients do not improve with calcipotriol cream and all-trans retinoic acid cream as monotherapies or in combination during a 6-week treatment period
Authors: J.V. Smit, S. Cox, W.A.M. Blokx, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, G.J. de Jongh, E.M.G.J. de Jong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)
Comparison of Indirect and Direct Methods of Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: FREDERICK H. VAN BERGEN, D. STUART WEATHERHEAD, ALAN E. TRELOAR, ALLAN B. DOBKIN, JOSEPH J. BUCKLEY
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Direct and indirect determinations of blood pressure have been recorded in 70 human subjects. Statistical analysis of the results is presented. A frequent discrepancy between direct and indirect readings is evident with the drift of the latter falling increasingly below the direct measurement as blood pressure rises. The greatest discrepancy is found in the young hypertensive subject and the possible clinical implications of this finding are discussed. An attempt is made to explain some of the factors contributing to the variable error by which auscultatory readings underestimate the true intraarterial pressure.
Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: J. J. van Binsbergen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Wikstrand et al<sup>1</sup>that the results of the Metoprolol Atherosclerosis Prevention in Hypertensives Study have "important implications for clinical practice and public health policy." Consequently, we have to consider the 48% difference in total mortality between the metoprolol- and the diuretic-treated groups with care. It is a pity that these results are not stratified according to other coronary heart disease risk factors besides smoking. An unequal distribution of these risk factors between the two mortality groups could put a different face on the outcome of the study and may be of more importance for clinical practice than the magnitude of the decrease in mortality alone. In other words, who do we have to treat with a β-blocker, all hypertensive patients or a particular risk group?
Elderly Patients' Adherence to Statin Therapy
Authors: William B. Applegate
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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