tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative hemodynamic effects of inotropic and vasodilator drugs in severe heart failure.
Authors: E Mikulic, J N Cohn, J A Franciosa
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In 12 patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) due to ischemic heart disease or nonischemic cardiomyopathy the hemodynamic response to intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (N) was compared to that of dobutamine (D) 10 microgram/kg/min. D and N produced comparable increases in cardiac output (CO) (2.8 to 5.8 L/min and 2.9 to 5.0 L/min, respectively), but, compared to N, D caused a higher arterial pressure (99.3 vs 86.2 mm Hg, P less than 0.01) and heart rate (102.5 vs 95.3, P less than 0.05) and less reduction in pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) (28.9 to 20.2 mm Hg vs 29.1 to 16.6 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). In five additional patients N and D were studied separately and then were infused together. The combination resulted in a higher CO, lower PWP and greater reduction in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances than either drug alone. Brachial arterial infusion of nitroprusside produced prominent forearm vasodilation in a dose less than 10% of the systemic dose, whereas vasodilation with dobutamine was only modest even when 50% of the systemic dose was infused. Therefore, potent inotropic and vasodilator drugs produce similar and additive augmentation to left ventricular performance in heart failure. Reduction in vascular resistance with dobutamine probably is largely of reflex origin, but the vasodilation itself may be an important determinant of the rise in cardiac output.
Oral tuberculosis--an unusual presentation.
Authors: W H Tyldesley
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Oral tuberculosis-an unusual presentationDescriptions appear occasionally of oral tuberculous lesions which may be either apparently solitary or, more commonly, associated with more widespread disease.The lesions are generally described as proliferative, granulomatous, or ulcerated.The case reported here presented in a quite different and unusual form.Case report
Revisiting the lot of the first incestuous family: the biblical origins of shifting the blame on to female family members
Authors: Ilan Kutz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Sex, drugs, and rock and rollRevisiting the lot of the first incestuous family: the biblical origins of shifting the blame on to female family members Ilan KutzWho seduced whom in the biblical incest story of Lot and his daughters?The answer reveals an ancient cover-up ploy that is in use to this day
Complement Regulator CD59 Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
Authors: Gongxiong Wu, Ting Chen, Aliakbar Shahsafaei, Weiguo Hu, Roderick T. Bronson, Guo-Ping Shi, Jose A. Halperin, Huseyin Aktas, Xuebin Qin
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Complement system, an innate immunity, has been well documented to play a critical role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role of complement in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is considered an immune and inflammatory disease, remains obscure. Methods and Results— Here, we evaluated the pathogenic roles of complement membrane attack complex and CD59, a key regulator that inhibits the membrane attack complex, in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. We demonstrated that in the angiotensin II–induced abdominal aortic aneurysm model, deficiency of the membrane attack complex regulator CD59 in ApoE -null mice ( mCd59ab −/− /ApoE −/− ) accelerated the disease development, whereas transgenic overexpression of human CD59 ( hCD59 ICAM-2+/− /ApoE −/− ) in this model attenuated the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The severity of aneurysm among these 3 groups positively correlates with C9 deposition, and/or the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, and/or the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Fos, IKK-α/β, and p65. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the membrane attack complex directly induced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in vitro, which required activation of the activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Conclusion— Together, these results defined the protective role of CD59 and shed light on the important pathogenic role of the membrane attack complex in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
T cell-activating properties of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody. Possible analogy to OKT3/Leu-4.
Authors: K C Gunter, T R Malek, E M Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We have identified a single rat monoclonal antibody, G7, that is a potent inducer of interleukin (IL-2) production from all functioning T cell hybridomas as well as from normal T cells. G7 is also mitogenic for normal T cells and is a very effective inducer of IL-2 receptor expression. On fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, G7 recognized a pan-T cell antigen. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that G7 recognized a cell surface molecule of 28-32 kD that appeared to be identical to Thy-1 in coprecipitation studies. In addition, G7 precipitated a protein of 50 kD. The possible relationship of the putative molecular complex identified by G7 on murine cells to the molecular complex identified on human T cells with anti-T3 reagents is discussed. In addition, G7 should prove to be a very useful reagent for studying the early events of lymphocyte activation as well as an inducer of lymphokine-rich supernatants.
Safety labeling on generic drugs is inconsistent, study says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Generic drugs are required by US law to carry safety warnings on their labels identical to those on the branded drugs, but a new study shows that 68% of the time there were inconsistencies between the two.1

The study used software to extract and compare electronic versions of all package inserts in the Food and Drug Administration’s DailyMed repository, a total of 9105 product labels as at September 2010, representing …
CD28 ligation induces transplantation tolerance by IFN-γ–dependent depletion of T cells that recognize alloantigens
Authors: Xue-Zhong Yu, Michael H. Albert, Paul J. Martin, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Administration of an agonistic anti-CD28 mAb paradoxically inhibits donor T cell expansion and prevents graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice. Here we examined the mechanism of anti-CD28–mediated immunosuppression and found that anti-CD28 mAb activated, rather than blocked, CD28-mediated signaling in vivo. Anti-CD28 treatment prevented GVHD by selectively depleting alloantigen-activated donor T cells through apoptosis but spared the T cells that did not recognize recipient alloantigens. Overexpression of Bcl-xL did not protect T cells from depletion and did not affect GVHD prevention after anti-CD28 treatment. Depletion of activated T cells mediated through CD28 did not depend on the expression of death receptors Fas and TNF receptors type I and II, but both the depletion of activated T cells and the suppressive effect of anti-CD28 mAb on GVHD lethality required donor-derived IFN-γ production. This study demonstrates that agonistic Ab’s specific for the CD28 costimulatory molecule may be used as novel therapeutic agents to abrogate pathogenic T cell responses by selective depletion of activated T cells.
Nickel allergy following European Union regulation in Denmark, Germany, Italy and the U.K.
Authors: S. Garg, J.P. Thyssen, W. Uter, A. Schnuch, J.D. Johansen, T. Menné, A. Belloni Fortina, B. Statham, D.J. Gawkrodger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Nickel allergy is common worldwide. It is associated with hand dermatitis, and sensitization is often induced by nickel-releasing jewellery. The European Union (EU) introduced legislation to control nickel content and release from jewellery and other consumer items through the EU Nickel Directive 1994, which came into force in 2001 and is now part of the REACH regulation.To examine the effects of the EU nickel regulations on the prevalence of nickel allergy in four European countries.Nickel patch-test data from 180,390 patients were collected from national databases in Denmark, Germany, Italy and the U.K. from between 1985 and 2002 to 2010. Patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis who had been patch tested with nickel sulfate 5% in petrolatum were included in the analysis. The main outcomes studied were the percentage of positive results to nickel patch tests, and changes in trends with time in an age- and sex-stratified analysis.A statistically significant decrease in nickel allergy was observed in Danish, German and Italian women aged below 30 years. In female patients in the U.K. this was observed between 2004 and 2010. In young men, a statistically significant decrease in nickel allergy was observed in Germany and the U.K., whereas a nonsignificant increase was observed in Italy.There has been a reduction in the prevalence of nickel allergy in young women, contemporaneous with the introduction of the nickel regulation. A reduction is also suggested in men in Germany and the U.K. A causative effect of the regulatory intervention is the most likely explanation.
Meaningful Degrees of Prevention or Improvement of Nerve Conduction in Controlled Clinical Trials of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Peter James Dyck, Peter C O'Brien
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Use of nerve conduction in assessing therapy in preventing or ameliorating neuropathy is desirable because abnormalities of nerve conduction are associated with severity of neuropathic symptoms and deficits. Assuming that a therapy is associated with a statistically significant improvement of nerve conduction, what degree of nerve conduction change is clinically meaningful? We suggest that in controlled clinical trials, a mean change of 2 points on the neurologic disability score is clinically detectable and meaningful. Based on our previously published crosssectional epidemiological data, this corresponds to a change of motor nerve conduction velocity of the average ulnar median and peroneal nerves of 2.9 m/s and peroneal nerve of 2.2 m/s. The corresponding changes of amplitude were 1.2 and 0.7 mV, respectively. Smaller degrees of nerve conduction change were found when only insulin-dependent patients were evaluated.
Duration and magnitude of the postoperative risk of venous thromboembolism in middle aged women: prospective cohort study
Authors: S. Sweetland, J. Green, B. Liu, A. Berrington de Gonzalez, M. Canonico, G. Reeves, V. Beral
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To examine the duration and magnitude of increased risk of venous thromboembolism after different types of surgery.Prospective cohort study (Million Women Study).Questionnaire data from the Million Women Study linked with hospital admission and death records.947 454 middle aged women in the United Kingdom recruited in 1996-2001 and followed by record linkage to routinely collected NHS data on hospital admissions and deaths. During follow-up 239 614 admissions were for surgery; 5419 women were admitted, and a further 270 died, from venous thromboembolism.Adjusted relative risks and standardised incidence rates for hospital admission or death from venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis), by time since and type of surgery.Compared with not having surgery, women were 70 times more likely to be admitted with venous thromboembolism in the first six weeks after an inpatient operation (relative risk 69.1, 95% confidence interval 63.1 to 75.6) and 10 times more likely after a day case operation (9.6, 8.0 to 11.5). The risks were lower but still substantially increased 7-12 weeks after surgery (19.6, 16.6 to 23.1 and 5.5, 4.3 to 7.0, respectively). This pattern of risk was similar for pulmonary embolism (n=2487) and deep venous thrombosis (n=3529). The postoperative risks of venous thromboembolism varied considerably by surgery type, with highest relative risks after inpatient surgery for hip or knee replacement and for cancer-1-6 weeks after surgery the relative risks were, respectively, 220.6 (187.8 to 259.2) and 91.6 (73.9 to 113.4).The risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgery is substantially increased in the first 12 postoperative weeks, and varies considerably by type of surgery. An estimated 1 in 140 middle aged women undergoing inpatient surgery in the UK will be admitted with venous thromboembolism during the 12 weeks after surgery (1 in 45 after hip or knee replacement and 1 in 85 after surgery for cancer), compared with 1 in 815 after day case surgery and only 1 in 6200 women during a 12 week period without surgery.
GIANT-CELL SARCOMA APPARENTLY ARISING FROM THE APONEUROSIS OF THE FOREARM
Authors: Frederick Christopher
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Giant-cell sarcomas of tendon sheaths of the hands and feet have been known for fifty years. They were especially observed by French writers, who termed them "myeloma" or "xanthosarcoma." They also may arise from the aponeurosis. Spiess,<sup>1</sup>who reviewed the subject in 1913, believes they should be called "hemosiderin-producing giant-cell xanthosarcomas." These tumors are benign and never metastasize. After a thorough removal, recurrence is a rarity. They may take as long as twenty years to develop to the size of a nut or egg. They are not painful, and the majority occur between the ages of 20 and 40. As these tumors generally arise from the tendon sheaths and aponeurosis of the hand, the following case, in which the tumor apparently arose from the aponeurosis of investment of the forearm, is deemed of sufficient interest to report: Mrs. E., aged 34, two years previously had a severe fall,
Prospective study of the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) in high risk new-born babyes (NB)
Authors: A. Ruiz-Extremera, ML. Rey, C. Torres, P. Muñoz de Rueda, I. Carmona, D. Quintero, A. Palacios, J. Salmerón
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Semantic cognition: Distributed, but then attractive
Authors: Emilio Kropff, Alessandro Treves
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The parallel distributed processing (PDP) perspective brings forward the important point that all semantic phenomena are based on analog underlying mechanisms, involving the weighted summation of multiple inputs by individual neurons. It falls short of indicating, however, how the essentially discrete nature of semantic processing may emerge at the cognitive level. Bridging this gap probably requires attractor networks.
Effect of prolonged exercise on the passage of a solid meal through the stomach and small intestine.
Authors: J Cammack, N W Read, P A Cann, B Greenwood, A M Holgate
Journal: Gut (1982)

The effect of intermittent moderate exercise on the passage of a solid meal, labelled with radioactive Technetium sulphur colloid, through the stomach and small intestine was investigated by paired studies on seven healthy volunteers. Measurements of gastric radioactivity and breath hydrogen exertion were recorded every 10 minutes while subjects exercised in a controlled manner while seated on a bicycle ergometer. These were compared with values obtained during a separate experiment while the same subjects sat upright in a chair. Exercise significantly accelerated gastric emptying (control t 1/2 = 1.5 +/- 0.1 h; exercise t 1/2 = 1.2 +/- 0.1 h; p less than 0.02) but had no significant effect on small bowel transit time.
The Adaptor Protein FADD Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Necroptosis In Vivo and Prevents Skin Inflammation
Authors: Marion C. Bonnet, Daniela Preukschat, Patrick-Simon Welz, Geert van Loo, Maria A. Ermolaeva, Wilhelm Bloch, Ingo Haase, Manolis Pasparakis
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Failure to Diagnose Battered-Child Syndrome
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The California Supreme Court has decided another highly controversial medical malpractice case, finding that a physician (and a hospital) can be held liable for injuries inflicted not by the physician but by a third party. In a previous comment,1 I reviewed the case of Tarasoff vs. Regents of the University of California,2 in which the California court held that mental-health therapists could be made to pay damages for the death of a young woman murdered by a student who was in therapy, even though the therapists had warned campus police of the threats by the student. The therapists had . . .
Electrocardiographic abnormalities and diagnostic criteria in athletic overtraining
Authors: Papoutsidakis Evangelos, Turmo Antonio, Bellver Montse
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The overtraining syndrome describes the condition of prolonged imbalance between training load and recovery, with increased incidence in high level performance sports. Is very important to manage this syndrome not only for the consequences at the performance of the athlete, but also because of the potential risk of athlete's health. Although the symptoms vary from one person to another, this syndrome enclose decrease in athletic performance, prolonged fatigue, electrocardiographic changes and psychological symptoms. The aim of the present study was to provide some aspects of cardiovascular consequences and electrocardiographic abnormalities that may be seen and to up to date the diagnostic criteria of detecting this syndrome, by using as method a systematic revision of the literature. ECG abnormalities at this syndrome include extreme low heart rate, T wave inversions, atrial-ventricle block, ST segment depressions, atrial-ventricle dislocation and many type of arrhythmias. There happens a cardiac autonomic imbalance with extensive autonomic modulation of the athlete, depressed left ventricular function, impairment of the maximal anaerobic capacity with a reduced tolerance of acidosis and decreased of maximum oxygen consumption. Although of the multitude of publications for overtraining syndrome, actually we have limited available tools for valid diagnosis. Thus, is important the role of prevention by monitoring of the athlete by the sports physician, controlled training, ECG records and sufficient recovery.
The Effects of Intravenous Hexamethonium on Venous Pressure of Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients with and without Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: ROBERT R. BURCH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The response of atrial pressure, venous pressure, pulse and respiratory rates to intravenous hexamethonium in 38 selected patients was studied. The drug seemed more effective where vascular tone was greater. Increased venous tone was indicated in congestive heart failure. The possible useful role of intravenous hexamethonium as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure was concluded from the objective and subjective observations made.
Chaos caused by maternity leave regulations.
Authors: A L Gruneberg
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Chaos caused by maternity leave regulations SIR,-Doctors, like other NHS employees, are potentially eligible for both Whitley Council maternity leave and Employment Protection Act maternity leave.The conditions which have to be fulfilled for entitlement are different for the two sets of provisions.This means that some employees are eligible for both types of leave, some for Whitley Council, some for EPA provisions, and some for none.Routine intervention by "expert" advisers should not be necessary to interpret maternity regulations, but it is necessary at the moment.To avoid this the Medical Women's Federation proposes that the Whitley Council regulations be amended, as a matter of urgency, so that they do not conflict with EPA provisions.
Bristol inquiry reveals lack of data on service quality
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The chief medical officer of the Welsh Office went to see the civil servant responsible for regional hospital services to raise concerns about children's heart surgery at Bristol Royal Infirmary as long ago as 1986, the public inquiry into the Bristol service heard last week.

Professor Gareth Crompton, now retired, visited Dr Norman Halliday, medical secretary of the supraregional services advisory group at the suggestion of Sir Donald Acheson, then chief medical officer at the Department of Health, with whom Professor Crompton had raised the issue informally. Professor Crompton told the inquiry that there was an “undercurrent of dissatisfaction” with Bristol, where children from south Wales were referred.

Concern had been raised by Professor Andrew Henderson of the University of Wales College of Medicine, the senior cardiologist at Cardiff, although consultants in Gwent were generally happy to refer children to Bristol. The inquiry …
Diagnosis and Hazards of Unexpected Diaphragmatic Hernias During Colonoscopy: Report of Two Cases
Authors: U. A. Baumann, M. Mettler
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Two cases of diaphragmatic hernias are reported. Both cases were previously undiagnosed and were found during diagnostic colonoscopy. In one case sudden respiratory distress occurred during the endoscopic procedure owing to a barotraumatic perforation in a left-sided hernia with tension pneumothorax. The diagnoses were made by fluoroscopy without delay. Endoscopists should be aware of the possible occurrence of diaphragmatic hernias and their risk as life-threatening complications. To avoid such dangerous complications access to X-ray facilities with fluoroscopy is recommended in endoscopic units where colonoscopies are performed.
Fractionation of the Cardiac Output of Rats with Isotopic Potassium
Authors: LEO A. SAPIRSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

A single injection of K 42 given intravenously is initially distributed among the organs in proportion to the blood flow through them. By determining the organ content of K 42 after such an injection the cardiac output may be fractionated. The conditions and limitations of the method are discussed and values are given for the fractional distribution of the cardiac output in the rat.
Low-dose vasopressin did not reduce mortality more than norepinephrine in septic shock
Authors: Dennis G. Maki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club16 September 2008Low-dose vasopressin did not reduce mortality more than norepinephrine in septic shockDennis G. Maki, MD, MACPDennis G. Maki, MD, MACPUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (D.G.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-02014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRussell JA, Walley KR, Singer J, et al. Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:877-87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18305265Clinical Impact RatingsInfectious Disease: Critical Care: References1 Argenziano M, Choudhri AF, Oz MC, et al. A prospective randomized trial of arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock after left ventricular assist device placement. Circulation. 1997;96:II-286-90. [PMID: 9386112] Google Scholar2 Malay MB, Ashton RC Jr, Landry DW, Townsend RN. Low-dose vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock. J Trauma. 1999;47:699-703. [PMID: 10528604] Google Scholar3 Dünser MW, Mayr AJ, Ulmer H, et al. Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Circulation. 2003;107:2313-9. [PMID: 12732600] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (D.G.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 September 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 6Page: JC3-14KeywordsCatecholaminesHypotensionNorepinephrineSystemic inflammatory response syndromeVasopressinVasopressors ePublished: 16 September 2008 Issue Published: 16 September 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...