tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex
Authors: Mary Ellen Brademas
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article comparing the effectiveness of Tzanck smears with viral isolation in the diagnosis of cutaneous infection by herpes simplex, Solomon et al<sup>1</sup>found that the Tzanck smear was positive in only 53.1% of examinations, whereas cultures were positive in 78.1%. Tzanck smears were performed as follows: "The lesion base was then scraped vigorously with the edge of a scalpel blade." According to A. Bernard Ackerman, MD, however, if only the base of a lesion is scraped, Tzanck preparations will be negative in some cases of indubitable infection by herpes simplex (oral communication, February 1984). The reason is that herpes infections are intraepidermal. When the vesicles become tense, they rupture, and what was at first an intraepidermal vesicle becomes subepidermal. When such a subepidermal vesicle is scraped, the smear may show only inflammatory cells. In short, to demonstrate multinucleated epithelial giant cells that are characteristic
Systolic time intervals in isolated ventricular septal defect in the adult.
Authors: O A Nesje
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Little information is available on the length of the systolic time intervals in adult patients with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD). In the present study the external carotid pulse and the phono- and electrocardiogram were recorded in 17 patients, mean age 29 years, with angiographically proved VSD. They had unidirectional left-to-right shunts with ratios of pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) of 1-5.22. Their right ventricular pressures were normal or only moderately elevated. Left ventricular ejection time was consistently abbreviated, the degree of abbreviation relating significantly with Qp/Qs (r = -0.70, p less than 0.01). The preejection period was prolonged but the relationship between its degree of prolongation and Qp/Qs did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.4), p greater than 0.05). The relationship between the preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP/LVET) and Qp/Qs was statistically significant (r = 0.51, p less than 0.05). We conlcude that in adult VSD patients with normal right ventricular pressures, a hemodynamically important shunting, i.e., Qp/Qs above 1.4 or left-to-right shunt exceeding 30% of pulmonary blood flow, may be excluded in the presence of a normal left ventricular ejection time or a normal PEP/LVET ratio.
Pancreatic outflow obstruction as the critical event for human gall stone induced pancreatitis.
Authors: M M Lerch, H Weidenbach, C A Hernandez, G Preclik, G Adler
Journal: Gut (1994)

Opie suggested in 1901 that a common channel between the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct is created when a gall stone becomes impacted at the duodenal papilla. He proposed that bile would regurgitate into the pancreas and trigger pancreatitis. The case is reported of a 22 year old woman with an impacted stone at the duodenal papilla creating a common channel. The patient suffered from acute pancreatitis. Three days before the onset of pancreatitis, however, a T drain had been inserted into the common bile duct from which bile had been flowing freely and continuously. Moreover, amylase activity in fluid from the T drain was 49,000 U/l at the onset of pancreatitis pointing to reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. The amylase activity in bile decreased rapidly after endoscopic papillotomy and retrieval of the stone. The events participating in the development of acute gall stone induced pancreatitis in this patient with a common channel situation permitted reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract rather than bile into the pancreas. Impairment of pancreatic outflow by a gall stone was probably the primary triggering event, rather than the regurgitation of bile into the pancreas. Preventive or therapeutic treatment in gall stone pancreatitis should be aimed at the urgent restoration of pancreatic flow rather than at the prevention of a hypothetical bile reflux.
On the Eastern Front
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recent meta-analysis is misleading
Authors: B.-A. Daviss, K. C. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Delamothe queries why the authors of an American meta-analysis on planned home and hospital birth shifted focus from perinatal mortality to neonatal mortality “despite having relevant data for these calculations on only 9% of their total sample.”1 2

The authors found no difference in perinatal mortality between planned home and planned hospital births when they included the Dutch study, …
QT Dispersion in the Severe Aortic Stenosis, before and after Transaortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Nihal Akar Bayram, Hüseyin Ayhan, Tahir Durmaz, Telat Keleş, Cemal Köseoğlu, Bilge Duran Karaduman, Cenk Sarı, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Serdal Baştuğ, Emine Bilen, Murat Akçay, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE PROPER PLACE FOR PROPRIETARIES.
Authors: J. E. BEERY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Should one designate to the medical profession that proper place as being at the bottom of the deep blue sea he would, no doubt, strike a responsive chord and receive from its members—especially while in each other's presence—a most hearty approval; and yet, I fancy, should such an edict be ordered and executed, that after the great circle of illumination had climbed the distant mountain, and the moon, in shame, had turned her brilliant face the other way, there would scarcely be diving or fishing room on the great high sea, for the divers and fishermen who would be there seeking their favorite remedies and indispensable specifics. In other words, allow me to make the broad assertion, and I make it without fear of successful contradiction, that proprietary remedies are in existence to-day, and used many times to the exclusion of the old reliables, because the medical profession wants it
Establishment of a Multicolour Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation-based Assay for Subtyping of Renal Cell Tumours
Authors: Jimsgene Sanjmyatav, Sven Hauke, Mieczyslaw Gajda, Arndt Hartmann, Holger Moch, Britta Meyer, Alexey Pryalukhin, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Kerstin Junker
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Non-carbon Copy Paper
Authors: Masanori Kuratsune, Yoshito Masuda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1972)

In an effort to clarify the distribution of poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in our environment, it was suggested by Dr. T. Hirayama, National Cancer Center, [Japan] that PCBs or their re- lated compounds might be used for production of non-carbon copy paper.Three of 4 Japanese brands of the paper on the market were, there- fore, collected and examined for PCBs.The paper consists of three different sheets, namely upper, middle, and lower ones.These sheets of paper were separately extracted with acetone in a Soxhlet apparatus for 3 days.The extracts were examined by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector, using 3 different liquid phases, namely 5% SE-30, 5% QF-1, and 2.5%
Racial groups respond differently to glaucoma treatment
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A study conducted by the National Eye Institute in the United States has found significant racial differences in the surgical response rates to two types of glaucoma treatment.

In a seven year multicentre trial involving 332 black patients and 249 white patients, researchers found that black patients did better with laser surgery, whereas white patients fared better if their glaucoma was treated with trabeculectomy (Ophthalmology 1998;105:1135-6).

Dr Carl Kupfer, director of the institute, remarked that this study was …
The Effect of Aspirin on Fecal Blood Loss with Gastroscopic Correlation in Healthy Volunteers.
Authors: Donald H. Kuiper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The Effect of Aspirin on Fecal Blood Loss with Gastroscopic Correlation in Healthy Volunteers.Donald H. Kuiper, M.D., Daniel J. Fall, M.D., Bergein F. Overholt, M.D., H. Marvin Pollard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Donald H. Kuiper, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Daniel J. Fall, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Bergein F. Overholt, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. Marvin Pollard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1069_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe scientific literature is replete with reports that have attempted to define the effects of aspirin upon the gastrointestinal tract. While some authors have presented evidence for a noxious effect, others have presented data to the contrary. No previous studies have reported fecal blood loss and gastroscopy findings in a group of healthy subjects. A prospective study of 19 healthy male subjects was made in which a correlation of aspirin ingestion, fecal blood loss, blood salicylate levels, prothrombin concentrations, ABO blood groups, and the history of previous salicylate intake was sought. All subjects were studied for 8 days. An initial... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1069-1069KeywordsAspirinAttentionBloodBlood groupsGastroenterology and hepatologyGastrointestinal tractIngestionProspective studiesSalicylates Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
The role of CD154-CD40 versus CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways in regulating allogeneic Th1 and Th2 responses in vivo
Authors: Koji Kishimoto, Victor M. Dong, Shohreh Issazadeh, Eugenia V. Fedoseyeva, Ana Maria Waaga, Akira Yamada, Masayuki Sho, Gilles Benichou, Hugh Auchincloss, Michael J. Grusby, Samia J. Khoury, Mohamed H. Sayegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

We used signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and STAT6 gene knockout (–/–) mice as recipients of fully mismatched cardiac allografts to study the role of T-cell costimulatory pathways in regulating allogeneic T-helper 1 (Th1) versus Th2 responses in vivo. STAT4–/– mice have impaired Th1 responses, whereas STAT6–/– mice do not generate normal Th2 responses. Cardiac allografts from C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into normal wild-type (WT), STAT4–/–, and STAT6–/– BALB/c recipients. STAT4–/– and STAT6–/– mice rejected their grafts with the same tempo as untreated WT recipients. CD28-B7 blockade by a single injection of CTLA4Ig induced long-term engraftment and donor-specific tolerance in all three groups of recipients. CD154 blockade by a single injection of MR1 was effective in prolonging allograft survival and inducing tolerance in STAT4–/– mice but was only marginally effective in STAT6–/– recipients and WT controls. In addition, a similar protocol of MR1 was ineffective in prolonging graft survival in CD28–/– BALB/c recipients, suggesting that the lack of efficacy seen in WT and STAT6–/– mice is not due to the presence of a functional CD28-B7 pathway. Furthermore, there was a similar differential effect of CD28-B7 versus CD154-CD40 blockade in inhibiting immune responses in animals immunized with ovalbumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. These novel data indicate that Th1 and Th2 cells are differentially regulated by CD28-B7 versus CD154-CD40 costimulation pathways in vivo and may have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies such as T-cell costimulatory blockade in humans.
PTU-017 The Use Of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy In The Octogenarians Group; The Edinburgh Experience
Authors: L Bartzis, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Over the last 13 years, the clinical use of capsule endoscopy (CE) has revolutionised the investigation pathways for the small-bowel. Although non-invasive (as procedure), there are reports of capsule aspiration in certain patient-groups.<sup>1</sup> Moreover, CE video review is a time-consuming process and – on occasions – with limited diagnostic yield (DY). There is scarcity of data on the use of CE in octogenarians.<sup>2–4</sup> We aim to report our centre experience in using CE in octogenarians. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study; the SBCE data base of our unit was interrogated for patients &gt;80 years of age who underwent CE. Categorical data are reported as mean ±SD. The <i>Fischer’s</i> exact, the <i>chi-square</i> and the <i>t</i> (unpaired) tests were used to compare datasets. A two-tailed <i>P</i> value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. <h3>Results</h3> 1,477 patients underwent small-bowel CE between 2005 and 2013. 93 CE were performed in 84 (35M/59F) octogenarians; mean age 84 ± 2.9 years. PillCam<sup>®</sup>SB1/SB2 and MiroCam<sup>®</sup> were used in 61 and 32 CE examinations, respectively. Ten (11.9%) patients had more than 1 CE. One patient was unable to swallow the capsule, and in another the capsule was retained in the stomach. The CE report was unavailable in one case. Indications for small-bowel CE were IDA: 44, OGIB: 29, OBIG+IDA: 6, diarrhoea 4, small-bowel varices: 1. Forty-five (53.6%) patients subsequently died. The mean time from SBCE to death was 23 months (SD 20.9, range: 0.13–83 months). The DY (all findings) of CE in our octogenarian cohort was 56.8%. Vascular lesions (any P class)/active bleeding were found in 33, inflammatory pathology in 9, and other in 4 CE. No neoplastic pathology was identified. The DY was independent to the indications for the procedure (<i>P </i>= 0.166), the small-bowel CE system used (<i>P </i>= 0.068), the patient final outcome i.e. deceased/alive (<i>P </i>= 0.051) and/or the time from CE to death (<i>P</i> = 0.053). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CE in patients &gt;80 years of age has high DY, but sinister pathology in this cohort is rare. Furthermore, small-bowel CE has limited impact on the final patient outcome in this patient group. <h3>References</h3> Koulaouzidis A, <i>et al</i>. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a ten-point contemporary review. <i>World J Gastroenterol</i> 2013;19:3726–46 Koulaouzidis A, <i>et al</i>. The use of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in iron-deficiency anemia alone; be aware of the young anemic patient. <i>Scand J Gastroenterol</i> 2012;47:1094–100 Tsibouris P, <i>et al</i>. Capsule endoscopy findings in patients with occult or overt bleeding older than 80 years. <i>Dig Endosc</i> 2012;24:154–8 Sidhu R, McAlindon ME. Age should not be a barrier to performing capsule endoscopy in the elderly with anaemia.<i> Dig Dis Sci</i> 2011;56:2497–8 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
STUDIES ON PULMONARY EDEMA
Authors: Sidney Farber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Bilateral cervical vagotomy in rabbits soon leads to death, usually within 8 to 24 hours. 2. Gradually increasing dyspnea, crises with expulsion of frothy, serous or sanguineous fluid from the mouth and nose, and terminal asphyxia are the important clinical features. 3. Postmortem examination reveals severe acute pulmonary edema and congestion, variable amounts of bronchopneumonia, and evidences of aspiration of food and secretions. This picture is similar to that found in the lungs in the bulbar form of poliomyelitis. 4. These changes are brought about by a combination of factors secondary to bilateral vagotomy: laryngeal paralysis (aspiration of food, slow asphyxia); loss of the vagal innervation of the lungs. 5. Laryngeal paralysis is not an essential factor in the production of severe pulmonary edema and death following bilateral cervical vagotomy. 6. To denote the pathogenesis of this type of edema, the term neuropathic pulmonary edema is employed.
Ferritin, finger clubbing, and lung disease.
Authors: J M Shneerson, B M Jones
Journal: Thorax (1981)

The serum ferritin concentration has been determined by an immunoradiometric assay in 90 subjects with a variety of pulmonary diseases. No association between ferritin concentrations and finger clubbing has been found in any of the diseases studied. Ferritin levels were significantly raised in the subjects with bronchial carcinoma, but were not useful in monitoring recurrence of the tumour. Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein ferritin concentrations were similar to systemic venous concentrations. It is therefore unlikely that the tumour releases ferritin into the pulmonary circulation. Ferritin levels were raised in patients with acute pneumonias but did not correlate with the total white cell count or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serum ferritin concentrations were also increased in a variety of chronic lung diseases but were normal in subjects with asbestosis.
Diaphragmatic blood flow and energy expenditure in the dog. Effects of inspiratory airflow resistance and hypercapnia.
Authors: D F Rochester, G Bettini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To investigate the mechanisms which enable the diaphragm to preserve ventilation when the work of breathing is elevated, we measured diaphragmatic blood flow (Q di) and oxygen consumption (VO2 di) in lightly anesthetized dogs. The animals were studied when they breathed quietly, when they inhaled 5% CO2 in 21% or 14% O2, or when they inhaled these gas mixtures through moderate to severe inspiratory resistances. Q di was determined from the integrated diaphragmatic arteriovenous difference of krypton-85, by the Kety-Schmidt technique. VO2 di was calculated as the product of Q di and the diaphragmatic arteriovenous oxygen difference ([A-V]O2 di). Alteration in these parameters consequent to augmentation of ventilatory effort were compared with concomitant alterations in diaphragmatic electrical activity (EMG di) and an inspiratory pleural pressure-time index (PPTI). Addition of inspiratory resistances combined with inhalation of CO2 usually increased Q di and consistently increased VO2 di, EMG di, and PPTI, the maximum increases being approximately 400-1,600% above control levels. In individual animals, as inspiratory resistance was increased, VO2 di, EMG di, and PPTI rose in direct proportion to each other. In the group as a whole, during resistance breathing the oxygen requirements of the diaphragm were met by a combination of increased [A-V]O2 di and Q di. Unlike other skeletal muscles, oxygen extraction tended to plateau at peak loads, whereas blood flow continued to rise as PPTI and VO2 di increased. We conclude that augmentation of perfusion permits the diaphragm to sustain high levels of contractile effort when the work of breathing is increased.
Regulatory T Cells Sequentially Migrate from Inflamed Tissues to Draining Lymph Nodes to Suppress the Alloimmune Response
Authors: Nan Zhang, Bernd Schröppel, Girdhari Lal, Claudia Jakubzick, Xia Mao, Dan Chen, Na Yin, Rolf Jessberger, Jordi C. Ochando, Yaozhong Ding, Jonathan S. Bromberg
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Caring for the Poor-Reply
Authors: Laurence Bodine
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I agree with Dr Levinson. Caring for the poor is a shared duty of our professions and the government. If all lawyers and physicians devoted 50 hours to the poor per year, there would still be unmet needs. In law, a major problem is that the Legal Services Corporation has had flat funding, at an inadequate $305 million, for the last three years. The American Bar Association has provided the strongest support for the Legal Services Corporation and will continue to do so. Dr Weaver's letter embodies the kind of selfish attitude that the editorial was designed to address. I myself have worked with the poor and gone into housing projects; none of these people asked to be poor, uneducated, retarded, or born to alcoholic or addicted parents. But they do find themselves being cheated and treated unfairly and they do need food, clothing, and shelter. This is
Distinct Effects of Recombinant Desulfatohirudin (Revasc) and Heparin on Plasma Levels of Fibrinopeptide A and Prothrombin Fragment F1.2 in Unstable Angina
Authors: A. Koneti Rao, Ling Sun, James H. Chesebro, Valentin Fuster, Robert A. Harrington, Darryl Schwartz, Paul Gallo, Deborah Matos, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Thrombin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary thrombosis. We studied the effects of a direct thrombin inhibitor, recombinant desulfatohirudin, and heparin on plasma levels (at 0, 4, 12, and 24 hours) of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), which reflects thrombin action, and prothrombin fragment F1.2, which reflects thrombin generation, in patients with unstable angina. Methods and Results Patients were randomized to one of two doses of heparin (n=50) (target activated partial thromboplastin time, 65 to 90 seconds or 90 to 110 seconds) or one of four doses of r-hirudin (n=113) (0.05, 0.10, 0.20, or 0.30 mg·kg −1 ·h −1 by infusion). r-Hirudin induced a dose-dependent decline in plasma FPA. At 24 hours, FPA levels with 0.1- to 0.3-mg·kg −1 ·h −1 r-hirudin regimens were significantly lower than with 0.05 mg·kg −1 ·h −1 r-hirudin; levels with 0.1- to 0.2-mg·kg −1 ·h −1 r-hirudin regimens were lower than with both heparin regimens. Plasma F1.2 did not decline significantly during therapy with heparin or hirudin except at 0.3 mg·kg −1 ·h −1 hirudin. At 24 hours, they were higher with the 0.05-mg·kg −1 ·h −1 r-hirudin regimen than with other regimens. For comparable levels of thrombin generation (F1.2 levels), FPA levels were higher in heparin patients than in hirudin patients. For the same FPA values, the corresponding F1.2 values were higher in the hirudin group. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for distinct in vivo effects of the two agents and suggest that r-hirudin is a relatively more potent inhibitor of thrombin action but a less effective inhibitor of thrombin generation than heparin. The lower FPA levels in hirudin patients may reflect its ability to inactivate clot-bound thrombin. The relative clinical efficacies of the two agents need to be defined by clinical trials in progress.