tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical detector for breath hydrogen determination: measurement of small bowel transit time in normal subjects and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
Authors: C L Corbett, S Thomas, N W Read, N Hobson, I Bergman, C D Holdsworth
Journal: Gut (1981)

A method is described for the measurement of hydrogen in expired air, using an electrochemical detector. The apparatus is simple to use and sensitive. Its application is illustrated by studies of small bowel transit time made by measuring the time between oral ingestion of the unabsorbable carbohydrate lactulose and a rise in the concentration of hydrogen in expired air. In 20 control subjects transit time was 93.0 +/- 6.6 minutes, while in 16 patients with diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome it was 54.1 +/- 6.3 minutes (P less than 0.001), suggesting an abnormality in small intestinal motility in these patients. Loperamide, a potent antidiarrhoeal agent, increased transit time in 12 of these patients from 56.3 +/- 6.7 to 100.0 +/- 10.2 minutes (P less than 0.001).
Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii) sphenoidal sinusitis
Authors: J. T. Mader
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PETRIELLIDIUM boydii is the current nomenclature for a fungus of the Ascomycetes family, formerly called Allescheria boydii (sexual form) and Monosporium apiospermum (asexual form). 1  Petriellidium boydii , a ubiquitous organism in nature, has rarely been reported to be the cause of disease in man. It has been the pathogenic agent in Madura foot, invasive pulmonary lesions, meningoencephalitis, endophthalmitis, chronic prostatitis, and chronic otitis externa. 1 In addition, it is a proved intracavitary pulmonary saprophyte. Many of the cases have been reported in immunosuppressed hosts, but cases have occurred in normal hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sinus involvement with P boydii .  Report of a Case  A 33-year-old woman was admitted to the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Three months before admission, severe right frontoparietal headaches with occipital radiation developed. These persisted to the time of her admission. She had experienced recurrent rhinorrhea and nasal congestion
926–30 Cycle Lengths of Ventricular Tachycardia Recurrences in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Relationship to Clinical Presentation and Induced Tachycardias
Authors: David J. Zweiback, David Schwartzman, David J. Callans, Charles D. Gottlieb, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abstract P3-10-02: Modulation of mRNA and miRNAs by the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, CG-1521 disrupts cytokinesis in SUM149PT inflammatory breast cancer cells
Authors: N Chatterjee, MPR Tenniswood
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) comprises only 2.0% of all breast cancer cases; however it accounts for 8.0% of breast cancer-specific deaths. IBC is highly aggressive, appears at a younger age, and is more difficult to treat than the common forms of breast cancer. By the time the disease is diagnosed, IBC is usually stage 3 and has already metastasized to neighboring lymphatics. Though many tumors are p53 wild type and/or Her2 positive, the median overall survival among women with IBC is less than 4 years even with aggressive multimodal therapy. To develop IBC-specific therapies, we have compared the effects of two hydroxamic acid histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, Trichostatin A (TSA) and CG-1521 on the biology of the triple negative SUM149PT IBC cell line. In these cells, CG-1521 and TSA induce dose (0–10 µM) and time dependent (0–96 h) increases in the proportion of cells undergoing cell cycle arrest and cell death, in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol. To identify the genomic targets of CG-1521, we have performed concurrent microarray analyses of mRNA and miRNA expression followed by qPCR validation. In SUM149PT cells, CG-1521 modulates the expression of approximately 935 transcripts: 341 of these transcripts are up-regulated and 594 are down-regulated after 48h of treatment. Gene ontology analysis demonstrates that many of the down-regulated mRNA transcripts encode proteins that are associated with the spindle assembly checkpoint, chromosome segregation and microtubule based processes including KIF4, PRC1, AURKB and KIF23 (MKLP-1). Strikingly, many genes in these ontologies are potentially targeted by a small number of miRNAs (miR-22, miR-1207-5p &amp; miR-494) which are significantly up-regulated by CG-1521, suggesting that the ability of CG-1521 to down-regulate the transcripts associated with spindle formation and cytokinesis may be significantly modulated by miRNA expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that treatment of SUM149PT cells with CG-1521 results in the appearance of elongated midzone structures visualized by phalloidin staining, similar to the phenotype seen by others after siRNA-mediated knockdown of KIF4 in HeLa cells. These data suggest that CG-1521 affects the central mitotic spindle formation, disrupts furrow formation and abscission, arresting the cells in cytokinesis ultimately leading to cell death. Whether these effects are solely mediated through transcriptional mechanisms or whether CG-1521 also directly affects the activity of these proteins through acetylation remains to be determined. Nevertheless, the data show that histone deacetylase inhibitors induce cell death in IBC cells, and suggest that these small molecules may be useful addition to the armamentarium as adjuvants for the treatment of IBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-02.
Eating meat more than 10 times a week almost doubles chances of bowel cancer
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A longstanding controversy about whether a diet rich in meat increases the risk of cancer has been fuelled by preliminary results from major studies in Europe and Australia.

The findings, suggesting that some meat lovers are at increased risk of bowel cancer, are not yet published and were presented in Sydney this week at the first Australasian conference on nutrition, physical activity, and cancer.

The conference also sparked concerns about ongoing efforts by vested interests to influence nutrition debate.

An industry group, Meat and Livestock Australia, suggested British researcher Professor Michael Hill as a keynote speaker, and offered to pay his travel …
Self management of oral anticoagulation: randomised trial
Authors: D A Fitzmaurice, E T Murray, D McCahon, R Holder, J P Raftery, S Hussain, H Sandhar, F D R Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To assess whether alcohol and caffeine are independent risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS</h3> Analyses based on data from the Nordic epidemiological SIDS study, a case control study in which all parents of SIDS victims in the Nordic countries from 1 September 1992 to 31 August 1995 were invited to participate with parents of four controls, matched for sex and age at death. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression analysis. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The crude ORs for caffeine consumption &gt; 800 mg/24 hours both during and after pregnancy were significantly raised: 3.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 8.1) and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.3), respectively. However, after adjustment for maternal smoking in 1st trimester, maternal age, education and parity, no significant effect of caffeine during or after pregnancy remained. For maternal or paternal alcohol use, no significant risk increase was found after adjusting for social variables, except for heavy postnatal intake of alcohol by the mother, where the risk was significantly increased. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Caffeine during or after pregnancy was not found to be an independent risk factor for SIDS after adjustment for maternal age, education, parity, and smoking during pregnancy. Heavy postnatal but not prenatal intake of alcohol by the mother increased the risk.
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: C. R. Justice
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Columbiana, Ohio, Dec. 25, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In response to the physician who has been using Dr. Woodbridge's treatment for typhoid fever and has not met with the success he had hoped for and that Dr. Woodbridge had assured him he would meet with; and to all who would try it, I desire to say that I have been carefully testing it for the past three months, and so far it has proved very successful in my hands. In that time I have had an unusual number of cases of typhoid fever. Not being satisfied with the old method of treatment, I was induced to try the plan proposed by Dr. Woodbridge. Some of my cases presented unusually severe symptoms, temperature ranging as high as 105.5. While I was not able to abort it entirely in all of my cases, yet the temperature was materially reduced in a very
Developing a conceptual and practical framework for outcomes measurement to support a quality improvement project in Rwanda: an observational study
Authors: Elisabeth D Riviello, Samuel Finlayson, Woon Cho Kim, Theoneste Mwumvaneza, Willy Kiviri, Sophie Reshamwalla, William Berry, Georges Ntakiyiruta, Patrick Kyamanywa, Edmond Ntaganda, Theogene Twagirumugabe
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Laparoscopic diagnosis of ascites.
Authors: R C Tamhne
Journal: BMJ (1985)

filtration causing functional renal impairment.Secondly, as the patient was also taking a diuretic this made renal impairment more likely.2Thirdly, pre-existing renal failure was present.It seems surprising that enalapril was given to a patient with known bilateral renal artery stenosis as the deterioration in renal function which occurred was predictable and, indeed, is well recognised.
Nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in peritoneal macrophages of cirrhotic patients
Authors: Wladimiro Jiménez, Josefa Ros, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Miguel Navasa, Manuel Solé, Jordi Colmenero, Pau Sort, Francisca Rivera, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The present study assessed whether peritoneal macrophages isolated from cirrhotic patients produce nitric oxide (NO) and express NO synthase type II (NOS II) mRNA and protein. Patients with cirrhosis and ascites without peritonitis or with unresolved or resolved spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were studied. Following paracentesis, ascites NO 2 − + NO 3 − content (NOx) was measured. Peritoneal macrophages from ascites were seeded on well plates, and NO 2 − in the medium was determined. NOx was higher in patients with unresolved or resolved SBP than in cirrhotic patients without peritonitis. Macrophages of patients with SBP or resolved SBP produced NO 2 − after 30 hours in culture, but those obtained from patients without peritonitis did not. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of a clear signal for NOS II mRNA and protein in macrophages of SBP patients, regardless of whether or not the infection subsided. Therefore, peritoneal macrophages isolated from cirrhotic patients with unresolved or resolved SBP produce NO and express the NOS II mRNA and protein, suggesting that NOS II may contribute to the control of SBP, or to its associated pathology, in human cirrhosis.
Landmark study classifies breast cancer into 10 genetic types
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Scientists have reclassified breast cancer tumours into 10 categories according to genetic features that correlate with survival, in the largest global study of breast cancer tissue ever performed.

It is hoped that eventually doctors will be able to use these subtypes to predict more accurately a woman’s likely survival and to better tailor treatment to individual patients. The first tests to identify which group a woman belongs to are expected to be available in the NHS in three to five years.

Scientists at Cancer Research UK in Cambridge and the BC Cancer Agency in Vancouver, British Columbia, analysed DNA and RNA samples taken from tumours in 2000 women who had been given a diagnosis of breast cancer between five and 10 years ago. They identified genetic markers, determined which genes were switched on and off, and ascertained numbers of copies of …
Evaluation of empiric versus nomogram‐based direct thrombin inhibitor management in patients with suspected heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tyree H. Kiser, Allison M. Mann, Toby C. Trujillo, Kathryn L. Hassell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The aim of this study was to evaluate a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) titration protocol in patients with suspected HIT. This observational study compared patients treated with argatroban or bivalirudin according to the University of Colorado Hospital DTI titration protocol versus a control group treated prior to protocol implementation. Protocol patients had DTI initial doses based on organ function and fixed dosage adjustments of 10, 25, or 50%. Initial doses and titrations in the control group were made per physician discretion. A total of 130 patients were enrolled: 47 in the protocol group and 83 in the control group (median age 54 years, 63% male, 78% critically ill, and 54% received argatroban). Goal aPTT was achieved with initial DTI dose in 64% of protocol patients and 46% of control patients (P = 0.07). Median (IQR) time to goal aPTT was reduced in the protocol group compared to the control group [5 hr (2-10 hr) vs. 13 hr (6-29 hr); P < 0.0001]. Median time to dose stabilization was 10 hr (6-27 hr) and 22 hr (13-40 hr) in the protocol and control groups, respectively; P < 0.0001. Median number of titrations to goal was 0 (0-1) versus 1 (0-4), respectively; P = 0.02. Median percentage of aPTT values in goal was 67% (41-100%) versus 53% (33-76%), respectively; P = 0.027. The DTI titration protocol shortened time to achieve goal aPTT, reduced time to dose stabilization, decreased the number of titrations required to achieve aPTT goal, and improved the percentage of aPTT values in goal range.
Genetic and environmental factors affecting host response to drugs and other chemical compounds in our environment.
Authors: E S Vesell, G T Passananti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Compared to laboratory animals, humans are extremely heterogenous with respect to the many factors that can influence the distribution and biological effects of toxic chemicals. This heterogeneity can prevent an accurate assessment of the impact of a particular toxic compound on the health of an individual subject. Some of the factors that can significantly modify the host response to certain drugs, which serve in this review as a model for environmental chemicals, are enumerated and discussed. Although the mechanisms by which many of these factors modify the biological effects of certain environmental chemicals and drugs have been determined in some cases, better definition of the nature of interactions between these factors and environmental chemicals in a particular individual is required at a biochemical and molecular level. Recommendations are offered for the further development of our knowledge concerning interactions between environmental chemicals and such factors in a particular individual.
Abstract LB-120: Large-scale cancer cell line screening with a novel and selective HDAC-6 inhibitor (ACY-1215) identifies candidate predictive biomarkers for breast cancer.
Authors: Min Yang, David Tamang, Simon S. Jones, Lie Di
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract ACY-1215 is a novel and selective inhibitor of HDAC6 currently in Phase 1 clinical trials in combination with bortezomib (Velcade) or lenalidomide (Revlimid) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Inhibitors of HDACs have demonstrated potent anti-cancer activity mediated by increased levels of acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins, resulting in growth arrest, cell differentiation and apoptosis. In the present work, the broader anti-tumor activity of ACY-1215 was investigated with a panel of 65 human tumor cell lines derived from the major cancer types, to define additional oncology indications for clinical development and to identify candidate biomarkers of tumor sensitivity and drug resistance. A group of 14 breast cancer cell lines was used to identify potential predictive biomarkers based on the wide range of sensitivity to ACY-1215 allowing robust correlation analysis. A panel of 42 genes was identified based on cellular sensitivity to ACY-1215 (IC50 values) correlating to gene expression levels and underlying genetic mutations in the individual cell lines as reported in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The Reactome “Functional Interaction Cytoscape Plugin” was used to partition these signatures genes into cancer-associated networks, which included the PIK3R2, ERBB2/STAT3, and TGFB3 signaling pathways. Association with these pathways and potential mechanism of action is consistent with observed synergistic anti-tumor activity between ACY-1215 and PI3K inhibitors. Also Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), correlating ACY-1215 sensitivity with gene expression levels, revealed significant over-representation of genes in the p53 pathway, and pathways regulating cytoskeletal structure, cell adhesion, cell cycle and proliferation. A subset of these results support the proposed cytotoxic activity of selective HDAC6 inhibition through blocking of cell motility and misfolded protein clearance, while other findings suggest further novel pathways affected by inhibition of HDAC6. Confirmation of predicted sensitive and resistant cell lines using the gene signatures will lead to the development of predictive biomarkers and selection of tumor type(s) for in vitro and in vivo validation with ACY-1215 in combination with novel and approved standard of care therapeutics. Citation Format: Min Yang, David Tamang, Simon S. Jones, Lie Di. Large-scale cancer cell line screening with a novel and selective HDAC-6 inhibitor (ACY-1215) identifies candidate predictive biomarkers for breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-120. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-120
Immunoglobulin gamma 2b transgenes inhibit heavy chain gene rearrangement, but cannot promote B cell development.
Authors: P E Roth, L Doglio, J T Manz, J Y Kim, D Lo, U Storb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Transgenic mice with a gamma 2b transgene were produced to investigate whether gamma 2b can replace mu in the development of B lymphocytes. Transgenic gamma 2b is present on the surface of B cells. Young transgenic mice have a dramatic decrease in B cell numbers, however, older mice have almost normal B cell numbers. Strikingly, all gamma 2b-expressing B cells in the spleen also express mu. The same is true for mice with a hybrid transgene in which the mu transmembrane and intracytoplasmic sequences replace those of gamma 2b (gamma 2b-mumem). The B cell defect is not due to toxicity of gamma 2b since crosses between gamma 2b transgenic and mu transgenic mice have normal numbers of B cells. Presence of the gamma 2b transgene strongly enhances the feedback inhibition of endogenous heavy chain gene rearrangement. Light chain genes are expressed normally, and the early expression of transgenic light chains does not improve B cell maturation. When the endogenous mu locus is inactivated, B cells do not develop at all in gamma 2b transgenic mice. The data suggest that gamma 2b cannot replace mu in promoting the developmental maturation of B cells, but that it can cause feedback inhibition of heavy chain gene rearrangement. Thus, the signals for heavy chain feedback and B cell maturation appear to be different.
Use of Complementary Therapies for Arthritis among Patients of Rheumatologists
Authors: Jaya K. Rao, Kimberly Mihaliak, Kurt Kroenke, John Bradley, William M. Tierney, Morris Weinberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among persons with chronic conditions. Objective: To identify correlates of and describe patients' perspective on use of CAM for rheumatologic conditions. Design: Telephone survey. Setting: Three university practices and three private rheumatology practices. Patients: 232 of 428 eligible consecutive patients (54%) with scheduled appointments. Measurements: Patients answered questions on CAM use, functional status, pain, provider satisfaction, and health services utilization. Chart reviews provided demographic information and rheumatologic diagnoses. Bivariate analyses identified correlates of four CAM outcomes (history, magnitude, and frequency of CAM use and communication about CAM use with a physician), and multiple logistic regression identified independent correlates of regular CAM use. Results: Approximately two thirds of the respondents (n = 146) had used CAM. Of these 146 respondents, 82 (56%) currently used CAM and 132 (90%) regularly used CAM or had done so in the past. Fifty-five respondents (24%) had used three or more types of CAM. In multivariate analyses, persons who used CAM regularly were more likely to have osteoarthritis (odds ratio, 5.6 [95% CI, 1.9 to 16.8]), severe pain (odds ratio, 2.5 [CI, 1.4 to 4.8]), and a college degree (odds ratio, 2.6 [CI, 1.3 to 5.4]) than patients who had never used CAM. Nearly half of the respondents discussed CAM use with their physicians. The most common reasons for not disclosing CAM use were that the physician had not asked about it and that the patient forgot to tell the physician; fear of disapproval was rarely cited. Discussions about CAM use between patient and physician occurred more frequently among patients with fibromyalgia and persons who regularly used CAM or used several types of CAM. Conclusions: Patients with rheumatologic conditions frequently use CAM. Severe pain and osteoarthritis predict regular use of CAM but do not predict a greater likelihood of discussing CAM use with physicians. Routine inquiry by physicians will probably detect CAM use.
Cross infection of cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: T L Pitt
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Cross infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa between patients with CF has been reported. If this problem becomes widespread, there may be a case for genotyping all strains of P aeruginosa from CF clinics on a regular basis.

It was once stated that pseudomonads are probably the most abundant and widespread life form on the planet. While this may be debatable, there is no doubt that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most ubiquitous of bacterial species and comprises an almost limitless number of strain populations. Excluding patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), P aeruginosa infections—although associated with high mortality in immunocompromised individuals—are generally manageable. The choice of antimicrobial compounds has not been significantly diminished by resistance, and for most antibiotic groups about 90% of strains remain susceptible.1

It has long been accepted that the lungs of patients with CF become colonised with P aeruginosa from the natural environment and this is …