tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy: A clinicopathologic review of 673 consecutive patients
Authors: Edward K. Kasper, Willem R.P. Agema, Grover M. Hutchins, Jaap W. Deckers, Joshua M. Hare, Kenneth L. Baughman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objective. The purpose of this study was to document the various causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in a large group of adult patients with congestive heart failure. Background. Previous reports of the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy have usually been case reports of a single specific etiology or review articles. The frequency of any single specific heart muscle disease is largely unknown. Methods. We evaluated 673 patients referred for congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. The evaluation included medical history, physical examination, routine blood chemistry and hematologic measurements, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Thyroid function tests, antinuclear antibody tests and urinary vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrine levels were also obtained. Endomyocardial biopsy with right heart catheterization was performed in every patient. Coronary arteriography was performed in patients who had at least two standard cardiovascular risk factors or a history suggestive of myocardlal ischemia. The cases were retrospectively reviewed, and a final cause for dilated cardiomyopathy was listed for each patient. Results. The most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy were idiopathic origin (47%), idiopathic myocarditis (12%) and coronary artery disease (11%). The other identifiable causes of dilated cardiomyopathy made up 31% of the total cases. Conclusions. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of congestive heart failure. Specific heart muscle diseases occur with much less frequency.
Causal link between low cholesterol and cancer is unlikely
Authors: A C Sonnichsen, C Otto, W O Richter, P Schwandt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

with splenomegaly but, unexpectedly, bone marrow fibrosis and hypocholesterolaemia (total cholesterol concentration 2-4 mmol/l, low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration 1-5 mmol/l).It seems to us that the common denominator in low proliferating disorders with hypocholesterolaemia -that is, hairy cell leukaemia, myelofibrosis, and Gaucher's disease-is splenomegaly with an expanded reticuloendothelial system.Acute myeloid leukaemia, in contrast, is a disease of rapidly proliferating tumour cells, in which hypocholesterolaemia is associated with tumour cell burden and increased degradation by tumour cells mediated by low density lipoprotein receptors.
Serologic Investigations in Narcotic Addicts
Authors: CHARLES E. CHERUBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

In a study of the serologic reactivity of sera from narcotic addicts who were not hospitalized and not in prison, nearly a quarter were found to react to unheated serum reagin test or Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing. Confirmatory tests were positive in only 12% of the men and 15% of the women. There was no observed effect of age or sex on the 6 to 13% of the sera that gave biologic false-positive reactions. Nearly 20% of the sera gave low titer reactions on lymphogranuloma venereum complement fixation (CF), and 6 to 16% reacted on Q Fever CF testing. Biologic false-positive reactions are probably related to the hyperglobulinemia frequently noted in addicts in New York City. These findings suggest that sera of narcotic addicts may give nonspecific positive reactions on an even larger number of serologic tests. Caution is urged in the interpretation of results of serologic tests on the sera of narcotic addicts.
Professional Hopes and Fears — Cold Bones — Changing Values
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE medical profession in Great Britain is once more awaiting the publication of a report that may have far reaching effects on the future of medical practice. The review body on doctors' pay is due to submit its second triennial report on the pay of all doctors working in the National Health Service and also to advise on how a new pay structure for general practitioners should operate in the light of agreements already reached in principle between the profession and the Ministry of Health.Many general practitioners have stressed the fact that better conditions of work are as important . . .
INFLUENCE OF ACCESS SITE AND ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON ACCESS SITE BLEEDING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Kengo Tsukahara, Kazuo Kimura, Toshiaki Ebina, Masami Kosuge, Kiyoshi Hibi, Noriaki Iwahashi, Mitsuaki Endo, Nobuhiko Maejima, Satoshi Umemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Gene for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy With Diffuse Nonepidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Woolly Hair (Naxos Disease) Maps to 17q21
Authors: Aman S. Coonar, Nikos Protonotarios, Adalena Tsatsopoulou, Edward W.A. Needham, Richard S. Houlston, Sandeep Cliff, Mark I. Otter, Victoria A. Murday, Raj K. Mattu, William J. McKenna
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disease of unknown etiology that causes arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden death. Diagnosis can be difficult, and this hampers investigation of its molecular basis. Forms of ARVC in which gene penetrance and disease expression are greater should facilitate genetic study. We undertook a clinical and genetic investigation of Naxos disease, originally described by Protonotarios in 1986. This disease constitutes the triad of ARVC, diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, and woolly hair. Methods and Results —We evaluated the population of Naxos, Greece, to identify probands, which was followed by family screening. Twenty-one affected persons from 9 families of 150 persons were identified. Linkage analysis was performed with microsatellite markers. The disease locus mapped to 17q21. A peak 2-point LOD score of 3.62 at θ=0.0 was found with a marker within intron 4 of the keratin 9 gene, a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family. A preserved homozygous disease haplotype was identified. Haplotype analysis delimited the disease interval. Conclusions —Hair and skin abnormalities were found to be reliable markers of subsequent heart disease. This suggests the presence of a single mutant gene with novel cardiac, skin, and hair function or two or more tightly linked disease genes. Recessive inheritance of Naxos disease and a founder effect were demonstrated. Identification of a fully informative genetic marker linked to the disease and uncommon in the background population may be of use as a test to identify disease gene carriers.
Prevention of Hyperuricemia in Leukemia and Lymphoma
Authors: Irwin H. Krakoff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Allopurinol [4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine], a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was given orally to patients with leukemia and lymphoma in whom marked hyperuricemia was present or was to be expected as a result of cytolytic therapy. There was a decrease in serum uric acid in each patient, and a decrease in urine uric acid excretion in each of the ten patients in whom it was measured. This was accompanied by only a moderate increase in urinary oxypurines and no evidence of renal, hematologic, gastrointestinal, or hepatic toxicity.
Death After a Clean Bill of Health
Authors: Claude S. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Fatal heart attacks frequently occur in patients whose hearts show no recent structural changes. In some of these patients, ventricular fibrillation precedes death; in others, the heart simply stops in diastole. In either case the procedure for restoring a coordinated beat is routine and can be extended beyond the confines of the hospital. Four cases of resuscitation after a so-called fatal heart attack are described. These experiences showed that in many instances the essentially healthy heart needs only a second chance to surmount a temporary difficulty. Mouth-to-mouth breathing and rhythmic manual compression of the heart should increase the frequency of resuscitation of patients whose hearts are structurally sound.
LEFT VENTRICULAR F-18 FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE UPTAKE ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS SUSPECTED WITH CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Hiroshi Ohira, Ichizo Tsujino, Chietsugu Katoh, Katsuhiko Kasai, Yuuki Tomiyama, Takahiro Sato, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, Masaharu Nishimura, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Brachyury, a driver of tumor invasiveness and resistance to multiple therapies, is a novel immunotherapy target
Authors: Claudia Palena, Romaine I Fernando, Duane H Hamilton, Bruce Huang, Jeffrey Schlom
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal developmental process that allows the conversion of epithelial, polarized and stationary cells into highly motile and invasive mesenchymal cells, a phenomenon required for the normal formation of the embryo. Recent
Glucose transport in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Regulation by insulin and glucose in nondiabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects.
Authors: T P Ciaraldi, L Abrams, S Nikoulina, S Mudaliar, R R Henry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

A primary human skeletal muscle culture (HSMC) system, which retains cellular integrity and insulin responsiveness for glucose transport was employed to evaluate glucose transport regulation. As previously reported, cells cultured from non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects displayed significant reductions in both basal and acute insulin-stimulated transport compared to nondiabetic controls (NC). Fusion/differentiation of NC and NIDDM HSMC in elevated media insulin (from 22 pM to 30 microM) resulted in increased basal transport activities but reduced insulin-stimulated transport, so that cells were no longer insulin responsive. After fusion under hyperinsulinemic conditions, GLUT1 protein expression was elevated in both groups while GLUT4 protein level was unaltered. Fusion of HSMC under hyperglycemic conditions (10 and 20 mM) decreased glucose transport in NC cells only when combined with hyperinsulinemia. Hyperglycemia alone down-regulated transport in HSMC of NIDDM, while the combination of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia had greater effects. In summary: (a) insulin resistance of glucose transport can be induced in HSMC of both NC and NIDDM by hyperinsulinemia and is accompanied by unaltered GLUT4 but increased GLUT1 levels; and (b) HSMC from NIDDM subjects demonstrate an increased sensitivity to impairment of glucose transport by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle can be acquired in NC and NIDDM from hyperinsulinemia alone but that NIDDM is uniquely sensitive to the additional influence of hyperglycemia.
What's in a Name?-Reply
Authors: Joseph B. Jerome
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The old nonproprietary names are hard to change, but "phenoxymethyl penicillin" has been "penicillin V" since July 1, 1975, and while we have made several unseccessful attempts in the past at changing "dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate," we are hopeful that the United States Pharmacopeia will accept the USAN Council's current recommendation, "docusate sodium." If other names are troublesome, we will see what can be done. We are pleased if we can be of service and brighten someone's day as well.
Bad medicine: chronic kidney disease
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

There was a time when the NHS had more money than sense. So in 2006 chronic kidney disease was added to the NHS’s quality and outcomes framework (QOF). Most general practitioners had no idea why this was. We assumed it was a way to identify those with kidney disease and to modify progression. However, we were then told that a staggering 10% of the population had the disease, even though most GPs have only a handful of patients with end stage renal failure. Were we really going to treat so many patients to prevent an extremely …
Anaesthetics alter the magnitude of infarct limitation by ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: R Haessler, K Kuzume, G L Chien, R A Wolff, R F Davis, D M Van Winkle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to determine whether three commonly used animal anaesthetics alter the magnitude of infarct limitation achieved with ischaemic preconditioning.Eighty four anaesthetised non-preconditioned and preconditioned open chest rabbits underwent a 30 min coronary occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. Ischaemic preconditioning was achieved with 5 min coronary occlusion beginning 15 min before the 30 min coronary occlusion. The anaesthetics studied were: pentobarbitone (30 mg.kg-1 intravenously +30-50 mg.kg-1.h-1 intravenously), isoflurane (1.5-2.5% end expiratory), and ketamine/xylazine (cocktail of 67 mg ketamine and 6.7 mg xylazine.ml-1, 1 ml.kg-1 intramuscularly +0.3-1.3 ml.kg-1.h-1 intramuscularly). Area at risk was delineated with ZnCdS particles and infarction assessed with tetrazolium.There were no significant differences in area at risk, heart rate, arterial pressure, and temperature between non-preconditioned and preconditioned hearts. Although infarct size was not significantly different among non-preconditioned hearts for each anaesthetic regimen (p = NS), the magnitude of infarct limitation with preconditioning varied with the anaesthetic employed (decrease in infarct size from control values of 81%, 44%, and 33% for pentobarbitone, isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine, respectively, p = 0.0145 for comparison of the three magnitudes, two factor ANOVA).Anaesthetic regimens affect the degree of infarct size limitation seen with ischaemic preconditioning.
Efficacy of Isoproterenol-Glucagon Infusion in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: RALPH A. POLUMBO, RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, ARNOLD M. WEISSLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Isoproterenol and glucagon were administered separately and in combination by constant rate of intravenous infusion to 13 patients with organic heart disease. Glucagon produced modest increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and arterial pulse pressure. Isoproterenol produced increases in cardiac output and heart rate greater than that achieved with glucagon alone and also increased arterial pulse pressure, stroke volume, and mean rate of left ventricular ejection and decreased systemic vascular resistance. The same doses of isoproterenol and glucagon in combination produced a greater effect on cardiac output than that achieved with either drug alone and had a greater effect on heart rate and arterial pulse pressure than did glucagon alone. There was no increase in the side effects of either drug associated with their administration in combination. The present study suggests that the clinical usefulness of glucagon may be enhanced by administering glucagon in combination with isoproterenol in order to obtain the additive hemodynamic benefit of these drugs while minimizing their undesirable side effects.
RIBS FRACTURED BY COUGH
Authors: Gerald B. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The occurrence in three patients of fractured ribs following a cough, and the fact that none had been recognized by good clinicians, prompt the recording of these cases. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —<i>Fracture of fourth and fifth left ribs</i>. Mr. B., aged 34, with extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, was attacked with a very sharp pain in the left side following a severe nocturnal cough. The diagnosis of pleurisy was made. The side was strapped without relief. Finally, morphin had to be administered to control the pain and cough. The left lung having active disease throughout, artificial pneumothorax was attempted, but failed. As the disease was progressing, surgical collapse was decided on, and an operation was performed three weeks after the onset of the severe pain, which had persisted. To the surprise of the surgeon, two ribs, the fourth and fifth, between the internal border of the scapula and the
Use of antilymphocyte globulin after cadaveric renal transplantation
Authors: P. B. Doak, N. T. Dalton, J. Meredith, J. Z. Montgomerie, J. D. K. North
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Antilymphocyte globulin (A.L.G.) was prepared by injecting fresh frozen splenic cells subcutaneously into horses. The IgG fraction of the serum was concentrated by a batch technique using diethylaminoethanol-Sephadex. Fourteen patients given this material by intramuscular injection after cadaveric renal transplants, in addition to azathioprine and prednisone, had less evidence of rejection compared with patients previously treated with azathioprine and prednisone only, despite a reduction of the mean daily prednisone dose from 65 to 45 mg. Toxicity, especially local reaction, fever, and hypotension, limited the amount of A.L.G. that was given.
Carcinoma of the Colon Presenting as Pyogenic Arthritis
Authors: Leonard J. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

BACTERIAL endocarditis caused by enteric organisms such as Streptococcus bovis may be the initial manifestation of occult colonic neoplasm. 1 Like bacterial endocarditis, pyogenic arthritis frequently results from bacteremia. A patient who had pyogenic arthritis caused by another intestinal organism, group G Streptococcus , ultimately proved to have carcinoma of the colon.  Report of a Case  A 53-year-old woman who had been in good health except for obesity and chronic osteoarthritis of the left knee had acute pain and swelling of the left knee. When culture of the joint aspirate grew β-hemolytic Streptococcus , later identified as belonging to Lancefield group G, she was hospitalized for further examination and therapy. The patient denied all gastrointestinal symptoms.  On physical examination she was afebrile. There were no abnormalities except for obesity and signs of acute inflammation of the left knee. Blood cultures were negative. The patient received 20 million units of intravenous, aqueous penicillin
MENTAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: W. OSGOOD
Journal: JAMA (1935)

While in the literature there have been many accounts of involvement of the central nervous system in pernicious anemia, most of these have described only the cord changes. A few<sup>1</sup>have also mentioned cerebral symptoms, and there have been a fair number of reports concerned primarily with the mental changes. Mild mental changes with irritability as an outstanding feature are reported in as high as 40 per cent of cases, but frank psychoses are said to be rare, occurring in not more than 4 per cent.<sup>2</sup>The majority of writers assume the existence of a direct etiologic relationship between pernicious anemia and the associated psychosis, although a number stress the importance of heredity and psychogenic factors as well. Hackfield,<sup>3</sup>on the other hand, takes the view that there is no such fundamental etiologic relationship, and Musser and Wintrobe<sup>4</sup>say: "It is usually considered that major psychoses
Lung biopsy in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia
Authors: H.R. Collard, T.E. King Jr, J.P. Utz, J.H. Ryu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Lung biopsy in patients with usual interstitial pneumoniaTo the Editor:We read with interest the recent report titled "High short-term mortality following lung biopsy for usual interstitial pneumonia" by UTZ et al. [1].The major implications of this study are that there is a high short-term mortality following surgical lung biopsy for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and that this high risk of death is related to the procedure itself.Given the importance of surgical lung biopsy to the proper management of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, the conclusions that might be drawn from this article are concerning as they risk discouraging the use of surgical lung biopsy in the very patients who benefit from it the most (i.e., patients with atypical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who cannot be confidently clinically diagnosed) [2].In chronically ill outpatients with interstitial lung disease, previous data have supported a low surgical risk (see table 1) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].In the largest published review, GAENSLER and CARRINGTON [15] reviewed over 500 cases (64 of which were patients diagnosed with UIP) and found the 30-day mortality of open
Nursing numbers in Britain: the argument for workforce planning
Authors: J. Buchan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

When the Labour government in Britain took office in 1997 it inherited a growing problem of nursing shortages, which finally hit the headlines in 1998. The shortages have been recurring ever since, particularly during the influenza “crisis” last winter. How has the government fared in dealing with nursing shortages, and has it put the worst behind it?

#### Summary points

Britain has a serious shortage of nurses, as well as problems in recruiting and retaining them

It is not simply that there are too few nurses; some key skills shortages also exist, with increasing demand for more qualified staff in some areas

Much better planning of the workforce is required, and this needs to be more integrated with the planning for other groups in healthcare

A change in the pay system may help, but the creation of better work environments may be part of the solution

The rapid pace of change in the nursing profession has produced a challenge that the NHS needs to address

The roots of the recent nursing shortages lie in the early 1990s. As part of the NHS reforms and the introduction of the internal market, there was a move towards an employer led system to determine intakes to nurse training. The involvement of NHS trusts was to be welcomed, but the narrow focus, varying capacity of local training and education consortiums, and lack of a national overview meant that most trusts underestimated required staffing numbers. The system also underestimated non-NHS demand for nurses, particularly in the rapidly expanding nursing home sector. The effect of this new “planning” system was to reduce markedly the number of student nurses. In 1984 England had more than 75 000 nursing students and pupil nurses. By 1994 that number had more than halved. The register of the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, …