tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on longitudinal decline in pulmonary function.
Authors: C M Burchfiel, E B Marcus, J D Curb, C J Maclean, W M Vollmer, L R Johnson, K O Fong, B L Rodriguez, K H Masaki, A S Buist
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on rate of FEV1 decline over 6 yr were examined in 4,451 Japanese-American men from the Honolulu Heart Program who were 45 to 68 yr of age at baseline (1965-1968). Within-person regression was used to calculate annual change in FEV1. Rates of FEV1 decline varied strongly with smoking status and increased significantly with age. Overall, men who continued to smoke experienced steeper rates of decline compared with men who never smoked (-33 ml/yr versus -22 ml/yr, respectively; p = 0.0001). Rates of decline for those who quit smoking during the first 2 yr (-32 ml/yr) were nearly the same as those who continued smoking (-34 ml/yr). After quitting, their rates of decline diminished to a level (-19 ml/yr) similar to that of men who had never smoked (-21 ml/yr). FEV1 decline in continuing smokers was significantly associated with duration of smoking, whereas associations with intensity and pack-years were of borderline significance. Among 216 men with impaired pulmonary function, those who quit smoking had significantly slower rates of FEV1 decline than did those who continued smoking. Potential reasons for quitting included respiratory conditions and stroke. These results extend previous reports of accelerated rates of FEV1 decline in the persons who continue to smoke, and they indicate that smoking cessation leads to less steep rates of decline in pulmonary function over a short period of time in middle-aged men, as well as in men with established pulmonary impairment.
P3-177: Essential role for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in post-pneumonectomy mediastinal radiotherapy for stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cornelis J. Haasbeek, Femke O. Spoelstra, Frank J. Lagerwaard, John R. van Sornsen de Koste, Wilco F. Verbakel, Ben J. Slotman, Suresh Senan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Granulocyte activation markers in induced sputum: comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and normal subjects.
Authors: V M Keatings, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Airway inflammation is present in asthma and is thought to play a significant part in the development of airflow obstruction. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neutrophilic inflammation is present in the airway lumen, whereas the submucosa displays a lymphocytic infiltrate. Less is known about the nature and mechanisms of inflammation in COPD than in asthma. Induced sputum allows noninvasive sampling of respiratory tract secretions from patients and control subjects, allowing characterization of cells and measurement of soluble markers. We exploited this technique in order to compare the presence and quantify specific markers of eosinophil and neutrophil activation in subjects with asthma or COPD, and control subjects. Differential cell counts showed significantly higher neutrophil percentages in the patients with COPD compared with other groups, while patients with asthma had higher numbers of eosinophils. The neutrophil markers myeloperoxidase (MPO), from primary granules in neutrophils, and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), released from secondary granules, were elevated in patients with asthma and COPD compared with control subjects but markedly more so in COPD. The difference between COPD and asthma was more marked for HNL than for MPO suggesting that HNL may be a better marker for discriminating between these conditions. Concentrations of the eosinophil granule protein, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and the eosinophil granule-derived enzyme, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) were raised in the patients with asthma and those with COPD.
Should we await IFN-free regimens to treat HCV genotype 1 treatment-naive patients? A cost-effectiveness analysis (ANRS 95141)
Authors: Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Michaël Schwarzinger, Dorothée Obach, Vincent Mallet, Stanislas Pol, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Valérie Canva, Pierre Deltenre, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Dominique Larrey, Daniel Dhumeaux, Philippe Mathurin, Yazdan Yazdanpanah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Incidence Following Primary Breast Cancer Treatment.
Authors: H. Kaplan, J. Malmgren, M. Atwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients receiving surgery plus radiation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy treatment are routinely monitored for incidence of myelodysplasia (MDS) and leukemia.Methods: A cohort of all breast cancer patients TNM stage 0-III treated with surgery and/or radiation or chemotherapy from 1989 to 2005 at our institution were followed for incidence of blood disorders of any type by our registry system and by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry (SEER) for our area. Cases without surgery (n=111), with stem cell transplantation (n=98), unknown or non-standard chemotherapy regimens (n=23 + 71= 94), lost to follow up (n=66) or cancer status unknown at follow up (n=67) were excluded. The remaining 5790 cases were reviewed for incidence of leukemia including MDS and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) post breast cancer treatment by chart review including pathology reports, SEER coding for MDS/AML, and death certificates if appropriate. Mean length of follow up was 7.17 years, range 2-18 years.Results: The mean age of MDS/AML patients was 57 years, range 33-76 years. The crude rate of MDS/AML occurrence was .29% (17/5790). 17 cases of MDS/AML (10 MDS/7 AML) occurred during the follow up period as compared with 6.22 (4.03 MDS/2.19 AML) expected on the basis of rates in the general population by age &amp;lt;65, ≥ 65 years calculated from SEER registry data (risk ratio (observed/expected)). The risk of MDS in women &amp;lt;65 was 11.68 times that expected and the risk of AML in women &amp;lt;65 was 9.2 times the expected rate. Risk among women over 65 was not as large (1.38 MDS, ≥ 65, 1.21 AML, ≥ 65). Average time from treatment with radiation or chemotherapy to MDS diagnosis was 5.50 years (range 1.03-12.95) and 3.42 years (range .41-6.84) for AML. The majority of MDS/AML cases occurred in the first five years post treatment (n=10) with 7 more cases observed from 5 to 12.95 years (see figure). Initial treatment of MDS/AML patients was surgery only (n=2), surgery/chemotherapy (n=1), surgery/ radiation (n=7), and surgery/chemotherapy/radiation (n=7). The two MDS patients who had initial treatment of surgery only were subsequently treated with chemotherapy and radiation for recurrence. Fifty percent of MDS patients (5/10) received surgery and radiation treatment without adjuvant chemotherapy treatment.Discussion: The incidence of MDS/AML is very small in this cohort but significantly greater than that expected in the population at large especially among women less than 65 years of age. A significant number of women who received radiation treatment without chemotherapy developed MDS post breast cancer treatment. Average time from treatment to MDS diagnosis exceeded the 2-5 year time period previously reported as an expected interval. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2082.
Allergy To Shrimp: A Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Food Challenge Study And Allergens Implicated In Spain.
Authors: S. Sanchez-Garcia, C. Gamez, E. Lopez, M.D. Ibañez, C. Escudero, M.F. Madero, M.T. Laso, V. del Pozo, J. Sastre
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
New players in the 5-HT receptor field: genes and knockouts
Authors: J.J. Lucas, R. Hen
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1995)

In recent years, cloning has revealed the existence of no less than 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, as well as evidence that isoforms of the 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors are generated by alternative splicing. In addition, molecular biology techniques have provided new tools with which to study the function of 5-HT receptors. For example, new technologies are emerging that will allow the generation of either inducible or tissue-specific knockouts (or both). In this review José Lucas and René Hen focus on the characteristics of the most recently cloned receptors and the contribution of molecular biology to the understanding of 5-HT receptor function.
Negative Bone Scintigraphy With Diffuse Osteoblastic Breast Carcinoma Metastases
Authors: BRADLEY BROWN, ALAN LAORR, ADAM GREENSPAN, ROBERT STADALNIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A patient with diffuse osteoblastic metastases from invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast is presented in whom radionuclldo bone scan was negative for skeletal lesions. Skeletal metastases were documented by plain radiography, CT, MRI, and bone marrow biopsy. This case report points to the value of plain-film, CT, and MRI findings in situations of high clinical suspicion of metastatic disease despite a normal scintigraphy.
Treatment of Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: JONATHAN E. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 February 1979Treatment of Staphylococcal InfectionJONATHAN E. KAPLAN, M.D.JONATHAN E. KAPLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-277_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Wheat, Kohler, and White (1) have provided us with some important data regarding solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) forStaphylococcus aureusantibody and its application to the problem of serious staphylococcal infection. Specifically, they have suggested that the RIA technique may be helpful in differentiating patients with "complicated" from those with "uncomplicated" bacteremia. Included in the group with "complicated" bacteremia, however, are a number of patients whose treatment remains controversial—namely those with a primary focus that is not removed or drained, but without evidence of endocarditis or metastatic abscess. Because the antibody levels in this group of patients, measured...References1. WHEATKOHLERWHITE LRA: Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin G Staphylococcus aureus antibody in serious staphylococcal infection. Ann Intern Med 89:467-472, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. NOLANBEATTY CH: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Current clinical patterns. Am J Med 60:495-500, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bernalillo County Medical Center Albuquerque, NM 87106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySerologic diagnosis of access device-related staphylococcal bacteremia 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2Page: 277-277KeywordsAbscessesBacteremiaEndocarditisPatientsRadioimmunoassaysStaphylococcal infectionStaphylococcus aureus Issue Published: 1 February 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bacille Calmette-Guérin infection in the mouse. Regulation of macrophage plasminogen activator by T lymphocytes and specific antigen.
Authors: S Gordon, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

High levels of plasminogen activator (PA) were induced in mouse peritoneal macrophages by infection with BCG, 2-6 X 10(7) viable organisms intravenously, followed 3-4 wk later by intraperitoneal challenge with purified protein derivative (PPD) 2 days before harvest. Macrophages obtained from infected animal without boosting showed little fibrinolytic activity, but challenge of Bacille-Calmette-Guèrin (BCG)-primed peritoneal cells with PPD in culture also enhanced macrophage PA 4- to 10-fold. Stimulation of macrophage PA by PPD depended on specifically sensitized thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes because it was abolished by pretreatment of BCG-primed peritoneal cells with anti-thy 1.2 antiserum and complement. A direct assay was developed in which nylon wool separated sensitized lymphocytes and PPD induced PA in macrophages from uninfected animals under defined conditions on 125I-fibrin. Enhanced macrophage fibrinolysis was proportional to concentration of PPD and the number of sensitized lymphocytes transferred. An indirect two-stage assay was also used to show that BCG-sensitized peritoneal cells released a soluble inducer of macrophage PA into the culture medium, after challenge with PPD. Induction of macrophage PA by PPD challenge in vitro made it possible to study the generation and activity of sensitized peritoneal lymphocytes at different stages of infection. Our results show that nonadherent peritoneal cells of BCG-infected mice provide a rich source of specifically sensitized lymphocytes and that macrophage activation is limited by continued availability of antigen, as well as sensitized lymphocytes. Induction of macrophage PA provides a sensitive, versatile, and rapid in vitro assay to study the role of lymphocytes and specific antigen in macrophage activation by BCG.
Lack of renal improvement with nonselective endothelin antagonism with tezosentan in type 2 hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Florence Wong, Kevin Moore, Jasper Dingemanse, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Renal vasoconstriction is a key factor in the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and may be secondary to increased activities of endothelin-1, a potent renal vasoconstrictor. To assess the effects of tezosentan, a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist, on renal function in patients with type 2 HRS, six male patients, 56.3 ± 2.5 years old, with cirrhosis and type 2 HRS were treated with tezosentan; ascending doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/hour, each for 24 hours, were used for the initial 2 patients, but a constant dose of 0.3 mg/hour for up to 7 days was used for the remaining 4 patients. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, 24-hour urinary volume, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, tezosentan levels, and vasoactive hormones were measured daily. Albumin was given as required. The study was stopped early because of concerns about the safety of tezosentan in type 2 HRS. Five patients discontinued the study early; one stopped within 4 hours because of systemic hypotension (MAP &lt; 70 mm Hg), and 4 patients stopped at ˜4 days because of concerns about worsening renal function (serum creatinine increased from 180 ± 21 to 222 ± 58 μmol/L, P &gt; 0.05) and decreasing urine volume ( P = 0.03) but without a significant change in MAP. The plasma tezosentan concentrations were 79 ± 34 ng/mL at a steady state during infusion at 0.3 mg/hour. The plasma endothelin-1 concentrations increased from 2.7 ± 0.3 pg/mL at the baseline to 19.1 ± 7.3 pg/mL ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: An endothelin receptor blockade potentially can cause a deterioration in renal function in patients with cirrhosis and type 2 HRS. Caution should be taken in future studies using endothelin receptor antagonists in these patients. (Hepatology 2007.)
Boston Medical Library
Authors: Walter G. Phippen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT To the Trustees and Fellows of the Boston Medical Library: When I was asked to become president of the Boston Medical Library I was very reluctant to do so. I had served only one year as trustee and believed that I knew very little about running a library. In the six years since then I have learned a great deal, thanks to the very cordial attitude of the Librarian and the Director, to whom I take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude. I found I had no conception of the position the Library occupied in the . . .
Endoscopic Brush Cytology in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sidney J. Winawer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CYTOLOGIC specimens and biopsy specimens obtained by direct endoscopic visualization now provide improved sampling for accurate pathologic evaluation in patients with cancer of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.<sup>1-3</sup> <h3>Materials and Results</h3> Thirty consecutive patients with esophageal cancer are included in this article. All were examined with a forward-viewing upper gastrointestinal tract panendoscope. Multiple biopsy specimens, usually four, and brushings for cytology are obtained in all patients. A sheathed brush was used for the cytology specimens, and slides were prepared individually in 95% ethyl alcohol without air-drying, and processed with the standard Papanicolaou stain. Biopsy specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Of the 30 patients, 18 had neoplasms at the cardioesophageal junction associated with varying degrees of obstruction. The remainder had neoplasms distributed in the mid and upper parts of the esophagus. Twenty neoplasms were epidermoid, and ten were adenocarcinoma. One adenocarcinoma was in situ in Barrett
209 FIBROSIS PROGRESSION DURING SUNITINIB THERAPY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M. Biolato, M. Basso, A. Forgione, S. Racco, L. Miele, M. Pompili, G.L. Rapaccini, R. Landolfi, C. Barone, A. Grieco, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
1200 ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF EP-NI266, A POTENT NUCLEOTIDE HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR
Authors: C.M. Owens, M.H.J. Rhodin, A. Polemeropoulos, I.J. Kim, Y.-L. Qiu, G. Wang, L.J. Jiang, Y.S. Or
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Cost of Medical Care-Reply
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Editor.—</h3> I think that the basic difference between Dr Shapiro and me lies with his sentence beginning "Those concerned about costs." An immediate example that comes to mind is the body scanner, whose use for Medicare and Medicaid patients in Illinois was proscribed for many months simply because it was a new technique for which statistical data were not yet available. In recent months, we have been informed of new third-party regulations that have to be followed to get this test done for such patients. Those concerned about costs in Illinois did not recognize its value. I would assume on the basis of this experience that a similar shakedown period will be needed for superselective angiography, so the matter is not really either-or but one of delays, some of which are unconscionable. What I was actually implying in my editorial was that new procedures that are properly instituted and
Management of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Andrew Frankel, Edwina Brown, David Wingfield
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Primary and secondary care need to set up a model of combined care 

E pidemiological studies have shown that renal disease is common. In the United States, the third national health and nutrition survey (Nhanes III) has shown that 4.3% of the population has chronic kidney disease with a glomerular filtration rate of 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 0.2% has chronic kidney disease with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2.1 In the United Kingdom, screening for renal disease by retrospective surveys of plasma creatinine measurements from chemical pathology laboratories serving defined populations has shown a similar prevalence of more severe chronic kidney disease (0.2-0.5% general population).2 3 In both studies, patients were followed longitudinally; very few developed end stage renal disease, as the major cause of death was cardiovascular disease. So what model of care should we use to look after this large number of patients with varying degrees of chronic kidney disease?

Increasing numbers of studies have shown that the presence of …
An Unusual Saccular Aneurysm
Authors: Peter Vajkoczy, Marius Hartmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 49-year-old woman underwent a diagnostic workup for recurrent headaches. Computed tomography suggested the presence of an incidental aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery. This finding was confirmed by cerebral angiography, which demonstrated an unusual, heart-shaped saccular aneurysm originating from the ventral aspect of the ophthalmic segment of the left carotid artery. The aneurysm was successfully clipped without complications. Intracranial, or berry, aneurysms are thought to result from vessel-wall degeneration in the presence of severe hemodynamic stress. Typically, they have a saccular and often irregular form and appearance on angiographic studies.
Domestic Violence Against Women
Authors: Barbara Herbert, Lois H. Kanter
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Our experience with a multidisciplinary program bringing law students and practicing lawyers into an urban emergency department suggests another measure that might be incorporated into the research and evaluation of violence: narrative from affected patients. We obtain this information in the context of enhancing available services to battered women presenting on Friday and Saturday evenings. The legal team provides assistance in obtaining emergency temporary restraining orders against batterers directly from the emergency department without requiring the affected women to proceed out of the hospital to a police station or courthouse. In addition, we offer our injured or fearful patients continuity of legal services by providing a legal advocate from the same program to meet them in one of the local courts the following business day to transform the temporary restraining order into a full 1-year protective order. Our incidence of women presenting with acute injury as a
Striatal Dopamine Transporter Binding in Neuroleptic-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Aki Laakso, Harry Vilkman, Birgitta Alakare, Merja Haaparanta, Jörgen Bergman, Olof Solin, Jari Peurasaari, Viljo Räkköläinen, Erkka Syvälahti, Jarmo Hietala
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Recent in vivo imaging studies indicate a dysregulated presynaptic function of the striatal dopaminergic system in patients with schizophrenia. To further explore the basis of this phenomenon, the authors studied brain dopamine transporter binding in vivo in patients with first-episode, never-medicated schizophrenia.Nine patients with schizophrenia and nine healthy matched comparison subjects were recruited. Striatal dopamine transporter binding was measured with positron emission tomography and a specific dopamine transporter ligand, [(18)F]CFT, a radiolabeled form of 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane.Average caudate and putamen dopamine transporter binding potentials were almost identical in the patients and comparison subjects, but the patients lacked the right-left asymmetry of the caudate dopamine transporter binding seen in the comparison group.Average striatal dopamine transporter density is unaltered in neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. However, patients lack asymmetry in caudate dopamine transporter binding, which conforms with disrupted brain lateralization in this disorder.