tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion distribution in patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: B. Bake, J. Bjure, J. Kasalichy, A. Nachemson
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Regional lung function using xenon-133 was studied in 45 seated patients aged 11 to 78 years with untreated idiopathic scoliosis and angulation of curvature between 10 and 190°. Perfusion distribution was assessed by intravenous bolus injection of <sup>133</sup>Xe and distribution of ventilation to volume ratios by washouts after inhalation and intravenous injection. No consistent differences between the lungs on the convex and concave sides of the curvature were found. The lung bases were found to be more severely affected than the apices, perfusion and ventilation being progressively reduced with increasing deformity. There was evidence of inhomogeneity within regions and it is suggested that in younger patients the ventilation and perfusion within regions are better matched than in older patients.
Some Unexplored Regions of Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: H Weiner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

The history of psychosomatic medicine in the 20th century is predominantly marked by a concern with studies of major diseases (e.g., angina pectoris, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, neurodermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). Traditional physicians also narrowly focus on disease – a trend that began with Morgagni in the 18th century. But disease (defined by structural alterations) is not the only cause of illness and disability. In fact, most persons seeking health care are ill without having a disease. It is only recently that this distinction has been fully made. The various manifestations of ill-health go by a variety of descriptive names – the functional or irritable bowel and hyperventilation syndromes, fibromyositis, psychophysiological, functional and somatoform or somatization disorders. They lead to loss of productivity, cost the health care system excessively, produce negative reactions in physicians, and are fertile ground for iatrogenic disease. They do not constitute discrete syndromes but overlap, each also being closely associated with anxiety and depression, sleep disturbances or marital disruption. They are the manifestations of sick persons not only of disturbances of bodily systems. They may be precipitated by unemployment, marital discord, bereavement, and job dissatisfaction. Curiously, ill-health has not been the major area of investigative interest of psychosomatic medicine. This presentation will emphasize why it should be, and why proper interventions may radically reduce the cost of medical care, prevent iatrogenic disease, and reduce the use of ill-advised procedures. Furthermore, these syndromes of ill-health raise a number of fascinating research questions such as their relationship to 'stressful' experiences, and their psychobiology (including the role of the peptides). New knowledge about them may enhance our theoretical understanding of how brains 'transduce' experience into altered bodily function.
ALCAM/CD166 Is a TGF-β–Responsive Marker and Functional Regulator of Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone
Authors: Amanda G. Hansen, Shanna A. Arnold, Ming Jiang, Trenis D. Palmer, Tatiana Ketova, Alyssa Merkel, Michael Pickup, Susan Samaras, Yu Shyr, Harold L. Moses, Simon W. Hayward, Julie A. Sterling, Andries Zijlstra
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The dissemination of prostate cancer to bone is a common, incurable aspect of advanced disease. Prevention and treatment of this terminal phase of prostate cancer requires improved molecular understanding of the process as well as markers indicative of molecular progression. Through biochemical analyses and loss-of-function in vivo studies, we demonstrate that the cell adhesion molecule, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), is actively shed from metastatic prostate cancer cells by the sheddase ADAM17 in response to TGF-β. Not only is this posttranslational modification of ALCAM a marker of prostate cancer progression, the molecule is also required for effective metastasis to bone. Biochemical analysis of prostate cancer cell lines reveals that ALCAM expression and shedding is elevated in response to TGF-β signaling. Both in vitro and in vivo shedding is mediated by ADAM17. Longitudinal analysis of circulating ALCAM in tumor-bearing mice revealed that shedding of tumor, but not host-derived ALCAM is elevated during growth of the cancer. Gene-specific knockdown of ALCAM in bone-metastatic PC3 cells greatly diminished both skeletal dissemination and tumor growth in bone. The reduced growth of ALCAM knockdown cells corresponded to an increase in apoptosis (caspase-3) and decreased proliferation (Ki67). Together, these data demonstrate that the ALCAM is both a functional regulator as well as marker of prostate cancer progression.
Ethnic Disparities in Diabetic Complications in an Insured Population
Authors: Andrew J. Karter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Higher rates of microvascular complications have been reported for minorities. Disparate access to quality health care is a common explanation for ethnic disparities in diabetic complication rates in the US population. Examining an ethnically diverse population with uniform health care coverage may be useful.To assess ethnic disparities in the incidence of diabetic complications within a nonprofit prepaid health care organization.Longitudinal observational study conducted January 1, 1995, through December 31, 1998, at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in northern California.A total of 62 432 diabetic patients, including Asians (12%), blacks (14%), Latinos (10%), and whites (64%).Incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF), and nontraumatic lower extremity amputation (LEA), defined by primary hospitalization discharge diagnosis, procedures, or underlying cause of death; and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), defined as renal insufficiency requiring renal replacement therapy or transplantation for survival or by underlying cause of death.Patterns of ethnic differences were not consistent across complications and frequently persisted despite adjustment for a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (relative to that of whites) were 0.56, 0.68, and 0.68 for blacks, Asians, and Latinos, respectively (P<.001), for MI; 0.76 and 0.72 for Asians and Latinos, respectively (P<.01), for stroke; 0.70 and 0.61 for Asians and Latinos, respectively (P<.01), for CHF; 0.40 for Asians (P<.001) for LEA; and 2.03, 1.85, and 1.46 for blacks, Asians, and Latinos, respectively (P<.01), for ESRD. There were no statistically significant black-white differences for stroke, CHF, or LEA and no Latino-white differences for LEA.This study confirms previous reports of elevated incidence of ESRD among ethnic minorities, despite uniform medical care coverage, and provides new evidence that rates of other complications are similar or lower relative to those of whites. The persistence of ethnic disparities after adjustment suggests a possible genetic origin, the contribution of unmeasured environmental factors, or a combination of these factors.
DOSE DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF ATORVASTATIN ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND INFLAMMATORY STATUS IN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marina Zaromitidou, Konstantinos Zisimos, Christina Chrysohoou, Elias Gialafos, Thodoris Paraskevopoulos, Konstantinos Maniatis, Stavroula Mihalea, Georgios Marinos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Diseases of the Nails and Their Management
Authors: William P. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<b>Color Atlas of the Nail in Clinical Diagnosis</b>, by Donald W. Beaven and Stafford E. Brooks, 2nd ed, 265 pp, with illus, softcover, $29.95, ISBN 0-7234-1991-4, London, England, Mosby-Wolfe; St Louis, Mo, Mosby, 1994. <i>Diseases of the Nails and Their Management</i>is a masterful, comprehensive reference on nail diseases and their treatment. Written, notably enough, by a Frenchman and an Englishman, this textbook explores the science of human nails. It is an expanded version of an earlier edition, now featuring full color and a more complete section on nail surgery. The quality of the illustrations is quite high throughout. The first 35 pages on basic science of the nail apparatus are extravagantly illustrated with well-executed line drawings that complement the clinical pictures. Excellent photographs are found on nearly every page, some illustrating quite rare phenomena. But this is not only a picture book; it is a well-fleshed-out scientific treatise on
Western Diseases: Their Dietary Prevention and Reversibility
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Norman J Temple, Denis P Burkitt Humana, £49.50, pp 480, ISBN 0-89603-264-7

A childhood in the “five towns” of the potteries was my practical course in environmental disease: universal smoke, tuberculosis, silicosis, fatness equated with fitness, and cooked breakfasts. Now all is changed. You can see for miles—on a clear day; cigarettes are antisocial and tuberculosis treatable; thinness equals fitness; some are on muesli and orange juice; and in theory you can live forever. But it hasn't quite worked out that way. What causes “premature” deaths before our allotted span of three score years and ten? Sir Richard Doll—in his foreword to Western Diseases—tells us that tobacco and road traffic accidents have a lot to answer for. Is it possible that the diet of economically developed countries, with its excess of energy and saturated fat and lack of dietary fibre, is the important remaining cause? Are the so called diseases of affluence (or extravagance), …
Rio de La Plata study: A multicenter, cross-sectional study on cardiovascular risk factors and heart failure prevalence in peritoneal dialysis patients in Argentina and Uruguay
Authors: G. Moretta, A.J. Locatelli, L. Gadola, J. De Arteaga, L. Solá, N. Caporale, J. Schargorodsky, E. Ducasse, G. Pastorino, N. Marchetta, W. Espeche, Z. Ortiz
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Impact of Hospital Volume on Operative Mortality for Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Colin B. Begg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Hospitals that treat a relatively high volume of patients for selected surgical oncology procedures report lower surgical in-hospital mortality rates than hospitals with a low volume of the procedures, but the reports do not take into account length of stay or adjust for case mix.Objective.-Todetermine whether hospital volume was inversely associated with 30-day operative mortality, after adjusting for case mix.Design and Setting.-Retrospectivecohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database in which the hypothesis was prospectively specified.Surgeons determined in advance the surgical oncology procedures for which the experience of treating a larger volume of patients was most likely to lead to the knowledge or technical expertise that might offset surgical fatalities.Patients.-All5013 patients in the SEER registry aged 65 years or older at cancer diagnosis who underwent pancreatectomy, esophagectomy, pneumonectomy, liver resection, or pelvic exenteration, using incident cancers of the pancreas, esophagus, lung, colon, and rectum, and various genitourinary cancers diagnosed between 1984 and 1993.Main Outcome Measure.-Thirty-daymortality in relation to procedure volume, adjusted for comorbidity, patient age, and cancer stage.Results.-Higher volume was linked with lower mortality for pancreatectomy (P = .004),esophagectomy (PϽ.001), liver resection (P = .04),and pelvic exenteration (P = .04),but not for pneumonectomy (P = .32).The most striking results were for esophagectomy, for which the operative mortality rose to 17.3% in low-volume hospitals, compared with 3.4% in high-volume hospitals, and for pancreatectomy, for which the corresponding rates were 12.9% vs 5.8%.Adjustments for case mix and other patient factors did not change the finding that low volume was strongly associated with excess mortality.Conclusions.-Thesedata support the hypothesis that when complex surgical oncologic procedures are provided by surgical teams in hospitals with specialty expertise, mortality rates are lower.
Dental caries and first permanent molar pit and fissure morphology in 7- to 8-year-old children in Wuhan, China
Authors: Jin-Dong Wang, Xi Chen, Jo Frencken, Min-Quan Du, Zhi Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.
A Successful Safari
Authors: John M. Bennett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A decade has elapsed since Mr. Denis Burkitt first called attention to a remarkable prevalence, in equatorial Africa, of a round-cell tumor that appeared predominantly in children between the ages of three and nine years, with a predilection for the jaw in males and the ovaries in females.1 During this period numerous safaris to both East and West Africa by investigators from many specialty fields have uncovered an enormous body of laboratory and clinical information that has wide reaching implications.Burkitt's tumor is a highly malignant lymphoma consisting of undifferentiated lymphoreticular cells with a characteristic appearance in both tissue section . . .
Ban on smoking in workplaces in India has led to more smoke free homes
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Legislation prohibiting smoking in public places and at work in India has encouraged fewer people to smoke at home, according to a recent study published online first in Tobacco Control .1

In 2008, the Indian government banned smoking in workplaces and other public places to protect people from second hand smoke. However, section 4 of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act 2003 allows designated smoking areas in places such as hostels, and breaching the law attracts only a small fine of …
Proceedings: Factors governing safety and success of gold salt therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A prospective study.
Authors: P De Bosset, T Bitter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

This equals: counts' 100 seconds of tuptake of tritiated thymidine in stimulated cultures divided bv uptake in unstimulated cultures.Normal values ranged from 30 to 110 with an average of 75.t This was monitored by estimating the % release of Cr5l from the target cells.Normal values ranged from 30 to 85 with an average of 62.Cell mediated immunity to synovial antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
Diagnostic Inaccuracy of Smartphone Applications for Melanoma Detection
Authors: William V. Stoecker, Ryan K. Rader, Allan Halpern
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
New Physician-Investigators Receiving National Institutes of Health Research Project Grants
Authors: Howard B Dickler, Di Fang, Stephen J Heinig, Elizabeth Johnson, David Korn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Although concerns have persisted for decades about the production of new physician clinical scientists and their success in receiving and sustaining research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), no comprehensive analysis documents the experiences of first-time investigators with an MD over a long period.To ascertain the perseverance and comparative success of physician-scientists competing for NIH research (R01) grants awarded over 40 years.A longitudinal, comparative study of all first-time applicants and recipients of NIH R01 grants between 1964 and 2004 stratified by the principal investigators' major degrees (MD, PhD, or MD and PhD) and their proposed involvement in research of humans or human tissues.Number of first- and second-time NIH R01 grant applicants and recipients by academic degree and by research type (clinical vs nonclinical).The annual number of first-time investigators with an MD only as NIH R01 grant applicants remained remarkably stable over 4 decades (41-year mean of 707 [range, 537-983] applicants). Among first-time applicants, those with an MD consistently had less success in obtaining funding (mean annual percentage [MAP], 28%) than either investigators with a PhD (MAP, 31%; P = .03 vs MD only) or both an MD and a PhD (MAP, 34%; P<.001 vs MD only and P = .002 vs PhD only). Among investigators who obtained a first R01 grant, those with an MD were consistently less likely (MAP, 70%) than those with a PhD (MAP, 73%; P = .04 vs MD only) or those with an MD and a PhD (MAP, 78%; P<.001 vs MD only and P = .007 vs PhD only) to obtain a subsequent R01 grant. First-time applicants with an MD were much more likely to propose clinical research (MAP, 67%) than applicants with an MD and a PhD (MAP, 43%) and applicants with a PhD only (39%). First-time applicants with an MD only who proposed clinical research were funded at lower rates than their MD-only counterparts proposing nonclinical research (23% vs 29%, respectively; P<.001).From 1964-2004, the number of physician-investigators applying for first R01 grants showed little net change. Physician-investigators consistently experienced higher rates of attrition and failure, even after receiving a first R01 grant, and those proposing clinical research were less successful in obtaining funding than physicians proposing nonclinical research.
Carbohydrate metabolism in lichen planus
Authors: N.J. LOWE, A.G. CUDWORTH, S.A. CLOUGH, M.F. BULLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A study of forty patients with active lichen planus and a negative family history for diabetes showed that 42% had unequivocally abnormal oral glucose tolerance. The pattern of insulin response to glucose is similar to that seen in typical mild maturity-onset diabetes. There was no association between the presence of glucose intolerance and the duration or type of lesions. None of the patients with glucose intolerance had demonstrable islet-cell antibodies.
Suicidal insulin overdose managed by excision of insulin injection site.
Authors: I W Campbell, J G Ratcliffe
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Percentage of patients with mean drug concentrations in optimum range2: phenytoin 37%0 carbamazepine 75%.t Patients below 18 years old were excluded.NS = Not significant.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Bilirubin: 1 smol/l z 0-06 mg/100 ml.Calcium: 1 mmol/l z 4 mg/100 ml.Phosphate: 1 mmol/l 3 mg/100 ml.
Abstract 529: nc886, a noncoding RNA of anti-proliferative role, is suppressed by CpG DNA methylation in human gastric cancer
Authors: Jong-Lyul Park, Yong Sung Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Kwang Soo Lee, Sung H. Jeon, Kwanbok Lee, Yong Sun Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract nc886, a novel type of non-coding RNA, was initially identified as a microRNA precursor or a vault RNA, but it has been shown to be distinct from them and rather to be a cellular RNA ligand and inhibitor of PKR (Protein Kinase RNA-activated). PKR's roles in viral infection, cellular stresses, and cancer are well documented. nc886 has also been suggested to be a tumor suppressor, mainly inferred by its expression pattern as well as its genomic location at human chromosome 5q31, a locus for a tumor suppressor gene(s). Here we have investigated nc886 in gastric cancer where its expression is suppressed due to CpG DNA hypermethylation at its promoter region in a cohort of paired tumor/normal tissues from 88 gastric cancer patients and a battery of gastric cell lines. CpG hypermethylation of nc886 and thus its diminished expression is significantly associated with poor survival in these cancer patients. nc886 inhibits cell proliferation when ectopically expressed in gastric cancer cells. nc886's tumor suppressive role is corroborated by the induction of well-known oncogenes such as FOS, NF-κB, and MYC upon nc886 knockdown. All these activities of nc886 are undoubtedly independent of mature microRNA or vault RNA, but presumably through PKR that is typically activated by viral infection and cellular stresses upon which those oncogenes are known to be induced. Our data indicate that nc886 is a tumor suppressor and could potentially be used as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic agent in gastric cancer. Citation Format: Jong-Lyul Park, Yong Sung Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Kwang Soo Lee, Sung Ho Jeon, Kwanbok Lee, Yong Sun Lee. nc886, a noncoding RNA of anti-proliferative role, is suppressed by CpG DNA methylation in human gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-529