tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopy of Renal Biopsies in Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Albert Altchek
Journal: JAMA (1961)

TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY may be the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States. It is an important cause of perinatal mortality and a statistically significant factor in children with later evidence of birth-associated damage.<sup>1</sup>The etiology of toxemia is still unknown. Postmortem study of toxemia reveals lesions of the brain, lungs, liver, and kidney. Only the latter two lesions appear to be consistent and specific for toxemia. Liver lesions are usually associated with imminent fatality. In 1918 it was recognized that the renal glomerulus was the principle site of pathologic change.<sup>2</sup>Further study disclosed a characteristic renal lesion in toxemia, confined to the glomerulus, in which all glomeruli were diffusely involved and in proportion to the severity of the disease.<sup>3</sup>Additional data suggested that the glomerular lesion was the most sensitive pathological index of toxemia in the body.<sup>4</sup>While all pathologists
Association of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R Gerli, E B. Bocci, Y Sherer, G Vaudo, S Moscatelli, Y Shoenfeld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased mortality, predominantly due to accelerated atherosclerosis.1 Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors cannot fully account for this increased propensity and it seems that the sustained inflammatory state of RA represents a crucial element for enhanced atherosclerotic risk.1 2 In fact, CVD mortality in RA appears to be predicted by the level of disease activity and severity of joint damage and extra-articular manifestations.2 3 Some immunological markers, such as rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibodies, are more often encountered in RA with extra-articular manifestations.4 Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been shown to be highly specific for …
Singlet oxygen interaction with Ca(2+)-ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: R C Kukreja, A A Kearns, J L Zweier, P Kuppusamy, M L Hess
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We investigated the role of singlet oxygen (generated from photoactivation of rose bengal) on the calcium transport and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Isolated cardiac SR exposed to rose bengal (10 nM) irradiated at 560 nm resulted in significant inhibition of Ca2+ uptake (from 2.27 +/- 0.05 to 0.62 +/- 0.05 mumol Ca2+/mg.min [mean +/- SEM], p less than 0.01) and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (from 2.08 +/- 0.05 to 0.28 +/- 0.04 mumol Pi/min.mg [mean +/- SEM], p less than 0.01). The inhibition of calcium uptake and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by rose bengal-derived activated oxygen (singlet oxygen) was dependent on the duration of exposure and intensity of light. Singlet oxygen scavengers ascorbic acid and histidine significantly protected SR Ca(2+)-ATPase against rose bengal-derived activated oxygen species, but superoxide dismutase and catalase did not attenuate the inhibition. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of SR exposed to photoactivated rose bengal for up to 14 minutes demonstrated complete loss of the Ca(2+)-ATPase monomer band, which was significantly protected by histidine. The addition of dithiothreitol (5 mM) had a slight protective effect, showing that new disulfide bond formation was not a major cause of aggregation. The results were also confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography of the SR exposed to irradiated rose bengal. Irradiation of rose bengal also caused an 18% loss of total sulfhydryl groups of SR. On the other hand, superoxide radical (generated from xanthine oxidase action on xanthine) and hydroxyl radical (in the presence of Fe(3+)-EDTA or 0.5 mM H2O2 plus Fe(2+)-EDTA) as well as H2O2 (0.25-12 mM) were without any effect on the 97,000-d Ca(2+)-ATPase band of SR. Generation of radical species (superoxide and hydroxyl radical) from rose bengal was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). The results showed that irradiation of rose bengal formed a 1:2:2:1 quartet, characteristic of the DMPO-OH adduct, which was scavenged by ethanol but not by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or histidine. No radical species could be detected from irradiated rose bengal or irradiated DMPO under the assay conditions used. Peroxy adducts of DMPO might be produced but would be observed only at very low temperatures. Similarly, we could not detect any measurable.O2- anion from irradiation of rose bengal as indicated by either cytochrome c reduction at 550 nm or nitro blue tetrazolium reduction at 560 nm. These results show that SR is damaged most likely by singlet oxygen derived from rose bengal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter
Authors: Zhong-Hai Ren, Ji-Ping Gao, Le-Gong Li, Xiu-Ling Cai, Wei Huang, Dai-Yin Chao, Mei-Zhen Zhu, Zong-Yang Wang, Sheng Luan, Hong-Xuan Lin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Model of outcomes of screening mammography: Women's decisions about screening depend on many factors
Authors: Sue M Lockwood, Nicola Bruce, Rosetta Manaszewicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—All women would like accurate and balanced information to help them decide whether or not to participate in screening programmes. So the question is whether the information presented by Barratt et al in their article actually provides accurate or balanced information.1 We have our doubts about this.

The article is based on assumptions about the “harms” …
Pyoderma gangrenosum and cranial osteolysis: case report and review of the paediatric literature
Authors: C.P. SAMLASKA, R.A. SMITH, J.B. MYERS, A.G. BOTTINI, D.A. PERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Pyoderma gangrenosum and cranial osteolysis: case report and review of the paediatric literature Get access C.P. SAMLASKA, C.P. SAMLASKA Dermatology Service, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hononlulu, Hawaii 96S59 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. SMITH, R.A. SMITH Department of Pediatrics, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hononlulu, Hawaii 96S59 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.B. MYERS, J.B. MYERS Department of Pathology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hononlulu, Hawaii 96S59 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.G. BOTTINI, A.G. BOTTINI Department of Neurosurgery Service, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hononlulu, Hawaii 96S59 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.A. PERSON D.A. PERSON Department of Pediatrics, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hononlulu, Hawaii 96S59 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 6, 1 December 1995, Pages 972–977, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06936.x Published: 01 December 1995 Article history Accepted: 25 January 1995 Published: 01 December 1995
Older men: cataracts v prostates
Authors: L. L. J. Howe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines for management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men recommend α blockers for moderate to severe urinary symptoms.1 2 Ophthalmic surgeons have long been concerned about the potentially deleterious effects of α blockers on cataract surgery. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) occurs in about 3% …
Red cell permeability effect on the mean transit of an indicator transported through an organ by red cells and plasma.
Authors: W Perl
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

When an indicator that permeates red blood cells with an equilibration time of the order of the mean transit time of the indicator through an organ is bolus injected solely into the plasma inflow to that organ, the mean transit time of the indicator is greater than it is when the indicator is injected preequilibrated between the plasma inflow and the red cell inflow. The mean transit time for equilibrated entry is in turn greater than that for indicator injected solely into the red cell inflow. A simplified method of calculation of this effect is given in the present paper; it requires only a model solution for the indicator steady state as distinguished from a more complicated time-dependent solution. The dependence of the effect on red cell membrane permeability allows this permeability to suitable indicators to be deduced. The method was applied to existing data on urea and thiourea passage through the dog kidney.
Guidelines call for HIV testing to be "normalised"
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2008)

All healthcare professionals should view HIV testing as a normal part of the diagnostic process and a duty of care, says guidance published and disseminated by the Department of Health.

A booklet on HIV testing, produced by the Medical Foundation for AIDS and Sexual Health, challenges the commonly held assumption that pre-test counselling must be lengthy and should only be carried out by specially trained counsellors.

More testing may help to diagnose the many people with HIV who are unaware that they are infected, the guidance says.

The booklet has been released alongside the new UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing 2008 produced by the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV, the British HIV Association, and the British Infection Society.

“Over the past 25 years HIV has been seen as a condition that needs special skills when offering testing but this is not the case,” says Rachel Baggaley, author of the booklet. “We need to …
A Case of Biliary Atresia and Polysplenia
Authors: RICHARD F. SULLIVAN, SPENCER J. MADELL, ELIZABETH OATES, ROBERT C. SARNO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 5-week old jaundiced female underwent hepatobiliary scintigraphy using technetium-99m disofenin. Early images suggested right-sided cardiac activity. A nearly symmetric, bilobed liver with left-sided predominance was discovered. No biliary ducts, gallbladder, or small bowel activity were demonstrated up to 24 hours postinjection. Laparotomy confirmed situs inversus, polysplenia, and extrahepatic biliary atresia.
Chronic subclinical bowel inflammation may explain increased risk of colorectal cancer in obese people
Authors: B. J John, A. M. Abulafi, A. Poullis, M. A. Mendall
Journal: Gut (2007)

We read with interest the recent articles on obesity, inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC).1–3 Although insulin resistance is the most widely accepted underlying mechanism explaining the association between obesity and CRC, recent evidence suggests that the effects of obesity on the immune system in general and on the gut in particular may play a role. We propose that obesity predisposes to CRC through its effects on innate immune activation (IIA) and consequent subclinical bowel inflammation. We further propose that the role of insulin resistance is either complementary or might merely represent an epiphenomenon. The justification of our argument is explained below.

Recently, we studied the determinants of whole gut inflammation in a normal middle-aged population by determining levels of calprotectin in faeces. Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein found only in neutrophils and monocytes. Levels in faeces correlate well with faecal levels of indium-labelled white cells and inflammatory bowel disease activity. It is well established that many risk factors for CRC influence levels of IIA in a healthy individual. Lack of physical exercise, for instance, is associated with increased serum levels of C reactive protein, as are body mass index, smoking and increasing age.4 We confirmed that faecal levels of calprotectin also correlated directly with increasing age, obesity, …
Placental Theophylline Transfer in Pregnant Asthmatics
Authors: Earl Labovitz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The newborn's potential for xanthine toxic reactions from placental transfer of theophylline or caffeine conversion from theophylline was studied in 12 newborns of asthmatic mothers. Our results showed that maternal and cord theophylline levels were not notably different, yet heelstick levels tended to be higher than maternal levels. Newborn heelstick theophylline levels ranged from 2.3 to 19.6 microgram/mL with a mean of 10.5 microgram/mL. No caffeine conversion from theophylline was seen. Heart rate, Apgar scoring, and other parameters were not statistically different in babies whose mothers received theophylline compared with mildly asthmatic mothers not receiving theophylline and nonasthmatic mothers. Side effects in three babies with levels of theophylline greater than 10 microgram/mL were tachycardia and transient jitteriness. Newborns seem to tolerate theophylline levels corresponding to maternal levels without serious adversity; however, transient toxicity might occur with levels in the so-called therapeutic range.
Relationship between Para-aminohippurate Secretion and Cellular Morphology in Rabbit Proximal Tubules
Authors: Philip B. Woodhall, C. Craig Tisher, Charles A. Simonton, Roscoe R. Robinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Previous studies in the mammalian proximal tubule have suggested that para-aminohippurate (PAH) secretion is ∼threefold greater in the straight segment, or pars recta, than in the convoluted segment, or pars convoluta. However, the possibility that the site of maximal PAH secretion might be related better to particular tubule segments as identified by cell type had not been explored. In addition, the presence or absence of differences in PAH secretion between morphologically identical regions of superficial (SF) vs. juxtamedullary (JM) proximal tubules has not been examined. These issues were studied using a combination of histologic methods and measurement of [3H]PAH secretion in isolated perfused tubules. Measurements of microdissected SF and JM proximal tubules from young and adult rabbits revealed that SF proximal tubules were slightly but significantly longer than JM tubules ([young rabbits: SF, 8.69±SE 0.14 mm vs. JM, 7.97±SE 0.13 mm; P < 0.01] [adult rabbits: SF, 10.61±SE 0.28 mm; JM, 9.17±SE 0.19 mm; P < 0.001]). Light and electron microscopy revealed three sequential segments (S1, S2, and S3) along the length of SF and JM proximal tubules as defined by cell type. PAH secretion was measured in each of these three segments by the isolated perfused tubule technique. Net PAH secretion in fmol/mm per min in SF proximal tubules was: S1, 281±SE 21; S2, 1,508±SE 104; S3, 318±SE 46. Corresponding values in JM proximal tubules were 353±SE 31, 1,391±SE 72, and 188±SE 23. Net PAH secretion did not differ between comparable segments of SF and JM proximal tubules. It is concluded that differences in PAH secretion along the proximal tubule correlate best with cell type rather than the arbitrary division of the proximal tubule into pars convoluta and pars recta according to its external configuration. Evidence of functional heterogeneity between comparable segments of SF and JM proximal tubules was not observed.
A Phase III open-label, randomized, multicenter study of imprime pgg in combination with cetuximab in patients with kras wild type metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Michele M Grady, Jamie N Lowe, Michele A Gargano, Richard D Huhn, Ada H Braun
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Single-agent Cetuximab has been shown to improve objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressing, KRAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who failed
Differential Distribution of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Transcripts in Human Atrium Versus Ventricle
Authors: Zhiguo Wang, Lixia Yue, Michel White, Guy Pelletier, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The inward rectifier K + current (I K1 ) plays an important role in governing cardiac electrical activity and is well known to have different properties in the atrium compared with the ventricle. Several inward rectifier K + channel (IRK) subunits (hIRK, HH-IRK1, HIR, and TWIK-1) with different properties have been cloned from human tissues, but their relative expression in cardiac tissues has not been quantified. The present study was designed to define the relative levels of mRNA for various IRKs in human atrium and in failing and nonfailing ventricle. Methods and Results —Competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify in human atrium and ventricle the mRNA levels of hIRK, HH-IRK1, HIR, and TWIK-1. The absence of important noncardiac contamination was confirmed by demonstrating a lack of detectable mRNA markers for neuronal (acetylcholine receptor) and vascular (maxi-K channel) tissue. mRNA of HIR was more abundant in normal atrium (7.1±1.3 amol/μg total RNA) than ventricle (0.6±0.1 amol/μg, P &lt;0.05), whereas TWIK-1 mRNA was more concentrated in ventricle (18.1±4.3 amol/μg) than atrium (1.4±0.3 amol/μg, P &lt;0.05). Concentrations of hIRK (42.7±6.7 amol/μg in atrium vs 57.1±9.2 amol/μg in ventricle) and HH-IRK1 (2.0±0.5 amol/μg in atrium vs 1.5±0.5 amol/μg in ventricle) were comparable. No significant differences in IRK subunit transcript concentrations were found between normal and failing ventricles. Conclusions —mRNAs for all 4 IRKs are detected in human atrium and ventricle, but the mRNA copy number of a low-conductance subunit (HIR) is larger in atrium and the copy number of a weakly rectifying subunit (TWIK-1) is larger in ventricle. These differences in relative message levels may provide a potential molecular basis for different properties of I K1 in human atrium compared with ventricle.
Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain
Authors: Carl M. Shapiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters20 April 2004Spinal Manipulation for Low Back PainCarl M. Shapiro, DOCarl M. Shapiro, DOFrom Mayfield Spine Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45219.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Like the 1994 guidelines on acute low back pain from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (1, 2), the analysis performed by Assendelft and colleagues (3) is clearly flawed by poor description of cohort groups and pain generators. A meta-analysis to assess surgical interventions without distinguishing between such indications as facet arthropathy, spurring and lateral recess stenosis, degenerative disk disease, spondylolisthesis, or acute disk herniation—with or without a trial of conservative care—would be equally useless.The second problem with Assendelft and colleagues' study, and most of the allopathic spine literature, is the artificial distinction between ...References1. Bigos SJ, Bowyer OR, Braen GR, Brown KC, Deyo RA, Haldeman S, et al. Acute Low Back Problems in Adults: Assessment and Treatment. Quick Reference Guide Number 14. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1994. AHCPR publication no. 95-0643. Google Scholar2. Gonzalez EG, Materson RS. The Nonsurgical Management of Acute Low Back Pain. Cutting through the AHCPR Guidelines. New York: Demos Vermande; 1997. Google Scholar3. Assendelft WJ, Morton SC, Yu EI, Suttorp MJ, Shekelle PG. Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. A meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:871-81. [PMID: 12779297] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Digiovanna EL, Schiowitz S, eds. An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1991. Google Scholar5. DeLisa JA, Gans BM, eds. Rehabilitation Medicine. Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1998. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayfield Spine Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45219. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSpinal Manipulative Therapy for Low Back Pain Willem J.J. Assendelft , Sally C. Morton , Emily I. Yu , Marika J. Suttorp , and Paul G. Shekelle Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain Paul G. Shekelle , Sally C. Morton , and Willem J.J. Assendelft Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain John D. Childs and Timothy W. Flynn Metrics 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8Page: 665KeywordsAlgorithmsConnective tissueHabitsHealth care policyLower back painMusculoskeletal systemSpineStenosisSurgery ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Texas hospital removes pregnant woman from ventilator after court order
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Texas hospital that had refused to remove a brain dead woman from a ventilator despite her family’s wishes because she was pregnant complied with a court order on 26 January and halted life support.

Marlise Munoz, a 33 year old mother of one, had been found unconscious and without a pulse by her husband, Erick Munoz, at their home on 26 November. It is thought that she had a pulmonary embolism. At the time she was 14 weeks pregnant.

Her husband, a paramedic, called for an ambulance and began cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ms Munoz was taken to John Peter Smith Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas, where …
Dicer is indispensable for the development of murine mast cells
Authors: Anja Förster, Birgit Blissenbach, Alzbeta Machova, Silke Leja, Anja Rabenhorst, Sarah Wilmschen, Klaus Heger, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Axel Roers, Karin Hartmann, Nikoletta Papadopoulou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
791-1 Linear Relationship Between Rates of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Rates of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in the United States Medicare Population
Authors: Norman S. Kato, Deborah A. Meehan, Dianne H. Noble, Mehmet E. Ergun, Robert H. Brook, Grace M. Carter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)