tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODISTRIBUTION OF IN-111 LIPOSOMES IN NORMAL PERSONS
Authors: N. D. LaFrance, T. Beck, P. Cole, H. Drew, J. J.S. Chen, A. C. Civelek, S. Preiss, R. Crossley, L. Williams, J. Langan, H. N. Wagner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Unilamellar phospholipid spheres can be filled with a variety of substances or medications including radioactive isotopes. As a prerequisite to develop liposomes as a delivery system for pharmaceutical, diagnostic imaging or immune system stimulation their biodistribubution and safety were evaluated in a Phase I study. The kinetics of the In-111 labeled phospholipid VS102 was examined in vivo for the purpose of radiation dose equivalent estimation. Blood and urine data were obtained along with pre and multiple post administration blood, physical exam and ECG determinations and showed no toxicity nor side effects. Activity time integrals were computed followed by radiation dose estimates using the ‘S’ factor methodology of MIRD pamphlet #11. Conservative assumptions used to develop these doses in rads/mCi (includes radiocontaminant). These are summarized below: Average organ doses from 1 mCi In-111 Liposomes In-111 In-114m Zn-65 Total Liver 7.27 0.98 0.48 8.73 Spleen 8.16 1.66 0.48 10.30 Marrow 0.83 0.11 0.04 0.98 Testes 1.85 0.53 0.10 2.48 Ovaries 0.30 0.01 0.02 0.33 Total Body 0.54 0.04 0.05 0.63 We conclude that In-111 labeled liposomes have acceptable biodistribution, safety and dosimetry characteristics to warrant Phase II trials in oncological applications.
Loss-of-function mutations of an inhibitory upstream ORF in the human hairless transcript cause Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
Authors: Yaran Wen, Yang Liu, Yiming Xu, Yiwei Zhao, Rui Hua, Kaibo Wang, Miao Sun, Yuanhong Li, Sen Yang, Xue-Jun Zhang, Roland Kruse, Sven Cichon, Regina C Betz, Markus M Nöthen, Maurice A M van Steensel, Michel van Geel, Peter M Steijlen, Daniel Hohl, Marcel Huber, Giles S Dunnill, Cameron Kennedy, Andrew Messenger, Colin S Munro, Alessandro Terrinoni, Alain Hovnanian, Christine Bodemer, Yves de Prost, Amy S Paller, Alan D Irvine, Rod Sinclair, Jack Green, Dandan Shang, Qing Liu, Yang Luo, Li Jiang, Hong-Duo Chen, Wilson H-Y Lo, W H Irwin McLean, Chun-Di He, Xue Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Hemoglobin and the Paracrine and Endocrine Functions of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Alan N Schechter, Mark T Gladwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Nitric oxide, a key factor in the maintenance of vascular tone, causes vascular smooth muscles to relax. Hemoglobin rapidly destroys nitric oxide, thereby limiting the activity of the gas to the local environment. Recent work suggests that nitric oxide reacts with hemoglobin at high oxygen tensions to form relatively long-lived products. At low oxygen tensions, these products release vasodilatory nitric oxide. This work is controversial, but it provides evidence of the potential of inhaled nitric oxide as a therapeutic agent.
Cd4+ T Cells from Lupus-Prone Mice Are Hyperresponsive to T Cell Receptor Engagement with Low and High Affinity Peptide Antigens
Authors: George S. Vratsanos, Sungsoo Jung, Yeong-Min Park, Joe Craft
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Polyclonal CD4+ T cell activation is characteristic of spontaneous lupus. As a potential explanation for this phenotype, we hypothesized that T cells from lupus-prone mice are intrinsically hyperresponsive to stimulation with antigen, particularly to those peptide ligands having a low affinity for the T cell receptor (TCR). To test this hypothesis, we backcrossed the α and β chain genes of the AND TCR specific for amino acids 88–104 of pigeon cytochrome C (PCC) to the Fas-intact MRL/Mp+Fas-lpr and to the H-2k–matched control backgrounds B10.BR and CBA/CaJ (MRL.AND, B10.AND, and CBA.AND, respectively), and assessed naive CD4+ TCR transgenic T cell activation in vitro after its encounter with cognate antigen and lower affinity altered peptide ligands (APLs). MRL.AND T cells, compared with control B10.AND and CBA.AND cells, proliferated more when stimulated with agonist antigen. More strikingly, MRL.AND T cells proliferated significantly more and produced more interleukin 2 when stimulated with the APLs of PCC 88–104, having lower affinity for the transgenic TCR. These results imply that one of the forces driving polyclonal activation of α/β T cells in lupus is an intrinsically heightened response to peptide antigen, particularly those with low affinity for the TCR, independent of the nature of the antigen-presenting cell and degree of costimulation.
BMA's Mark Porter: mastering the thorny issues
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Pathologic findings, including cerebellar changes and brainstem Lewy bodies, distinguished 10 essential tremor (ET) cases from 12 controls. Numbers of torpedoes (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and Bergmann glia (<i>p</i> = 0.046) were increased in cases. Six cases (60%) had Lewy bodies vs 2 controls (16.7%) (odds ratio 7.5, 95% CI 1.04 to 54.1; <i>p</i> = 0.035). Four of these six had an atypical distribution of brainstem Lewy bodies. ET may be pathologically heterogeneous.
Endocytic Capacities of Kupffer Cells Isolated from the Human Adult Liver
Authors: André Kirn, Annick Bingen, Anne-Marie Steffan, Marie-Thérèse Wild, Francoise Keller, Jacques Cinqualbre
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Kupffer cells isolated from human adult livers and maintained in culture display the main structural features of macrophages. They are able to phagocytose latex particles and opsonized sheep erythrocytes in vitro. Vaccinia virus as well as Frog Virus 3 are taken up and uncoated in cultured Kupffer cells. Such a model may be used advantageously for studying different problems in liver physiopathology.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Adults at Average Risk: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Michael Pignone, Melissa Rich, Steven M. Teutsch, Alfred O. Berg, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of different colorectal cancer screening tests for adults at average risk. Data Sources: Recent systematic reviews; Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd edition; and focused searches of MEDLINE from 1966 through September 2001. The authors also conducted hand searches, reviewed bibliographies, and consulted context experts to ensure completeness. Study Selection: When available, the most recent high-quality systematic review was used to identify relevant articles. This review was then supplemented with a MEDLINE search for more recent articles. Data Extraction: One reviewer abstracted information from the final set of studies into evidence tables, and a second reviewer checked the tables for accuracy. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: For average-risk adults older than 50 years of age, evidence from multiple well-conducted randomized trials supported the effectiveness of fecal occult blood testing in reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates compared with no screening. Data from well-conducted case–control studies supported the effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and possibly colonoscopy in reducing colon cancer incidence and mortality rates. A nonrandomized, controlled trial examining colorectal cancer mortality rates and randomized trials examining diagnostic yield supported the use of fecal occult blood testing plus sigmoidoscopy. The effectiveness of barium enema is unclear. Data are insufficient to support a definitive determination of the most effective screening strategy. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer screening reduces death from colorectal cancer and can decrease the incidence of disease through removal of adenomatous polyps. Several available screening options seem to be effective, but the single best screening approach cannot be determined because data are insufficient.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Related to the Maternal Glucose Level: Is there a continuum of risk?
Authors: Robert G Moses, Dennis Calvert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To examine selected pregnancy outcomes in women without gestational diabetes mellitus to see whether there was a continuum of risk related to the maternal glucose level. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Consecutive women attending two prenatal clinics and three obstetricians in private practice were tested for GDM at the beginning of the third trimester using a 75-g glucose load in the fasting state. The rate of induction, the number of assisted deliveries, the presence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal birth weights, and morbidity were examined with respect to the maternal 2-h glucose level. RESULTS Data were available for 1,441 women with a 2-h glucose level &amp;lt; 8.0 mmol/l (144 mg/dl). For each 1.0 mmol/l (18 mg/dl) increase in the glucose level, the odds in favor of an assisted delivery increased by 15.2%, and the odds in favor of the baby being admitted to a special care nursery (SCN) increased by 22.6%. There was no significant association between maternal glucose levels and the probability of either pregnancy-induced hypertension or a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) baby after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSIONS In normal women there is a continuum of risk related to the maternal glucose level 2 h after a glucose tolerance test for the probability of having an assisted delivery and the likelihood of the baby being admitted to an SCN. The chance of having pregnancy-induced hypertension or a LGA baby also increased as the maternal glucose level increased but could be largely explained by an increasing body mass index.
The Dangers of Lead-Styles in the Treatment of Lacrymal Obstruction
Authors: A. Emrys-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1884)

complex composition.It contains creasote, turpentine, paraffin, and eupione, and is obtained by the destructive distillation of Pinus Syl- vestris.Carbolic acid has largely taken the place of this cruder com- pound; but Dr. Whitla says that there are virtues possessed by tar which are not equally enjoyed by its more fashionable rivals.In oakum we have a form of tar-dressing which I heartily recommend to those engaged in hospital-work.
India proposes banning 73 antibiotics from sale over the counter
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India has announced plans to ban 91 drugs from sale over the counter to reduce their misuse. The drugs include 73 antibiotics, 13 potentially addictive drugs, and four drugs to treat tuberculosis.

The minister for health and family welfare, Ghulam Nabi Azad, said, “The government has taken note of irrational use of antibiotics across the country and published draft rules for amending the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945 for insertion of a new …
Prophylaxis after Sexual Exposure to HIV
Authors: Richard Frothingham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 October 1998Prophylaxis after Sexual Exposure to HIVRichard Frothingham, MDRichard Frothingham, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27707Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Katz and Gerberding [1] address the timely subject of prophylaxis after sexual exposure to HIV. Their standard protocol consists of two nucleoside analogues administered for 28 days. A protease inhibitor is optional in some circumstances, although the authors note that some experts routinely use three drugs. Katz and Gerberding discuss short-term but not long-term adverse drug effects. Nucleoside analogues have been used for more than a decade, but few data are available on the long-term safety of protease inhibitors.In June 1997, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported 83 cases of diabetes or hyperglycemia associated ...References1. Katz MH, Gerberding JL. The care of persons with recent sexual exposure to HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:306-12. Google Scholar2. FDA Talk Paper: Health Advisory for newest class of AIDS drugs. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration; 1997. Available at http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/answers/ans00800.html. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27707 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 671-672KeywordsDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationHIVHIV infectionsHyperglycemiaNucleosidesProphylaxisProtease inhibitorsUrinationWeight loss Issue Published: 15 October 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gender- and Smoking-Related Bladder Cancer Risk
Authors: J. E. Castelao, J.-M. Yuan, P. L. Skipper, S. R. Tannenbaum, M. Gago-Dominguez, J. S. Crowder, R. K. Ross, M. C. Yu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: There is growing evidence that, when smoking habits are comparable, women incur a higher risk of lung cancer than men. Because smokers are also at risk for bladder cancer, we investigated possible sex differences in the susceptibility to bladder cancer among smokers. Methods: A population-based, case–control study was conducted in Los Angeles, CA, involving 1514 case patients with bladder cancer and 1514 individually matched population control subjects. Information on tobacco use was collected through in-person interviews. Peripheral blood was collected from study participants to measure 3- and 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP)–hemoglobin adducts, a marker of arylamine exposure. Data were analyzed to determine whether the risk of bladder cancer differs between male and female smokers and whether female smokers exhibit higher levels of ABP–hemoglobin adducts than male smokers with comparable smoking habits. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Cigarette smokers had a statistically significant 2.5-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval = 2.1 to 3.0) of bladder cancer than never smokers. Use of filtered versus nonfiltered cigarettes, low-tar versus higher tar cigarettes, or the pattern of inhalation did not modify the risk. The risk of bladder cancer in women who smoked was statistically significantly higher than that in men who smoked comparable numbers of cigarettes (P = .016 for sex–lifetime smoking interaction). Consistent with the sex difference in smoking-related bladder cancer risk, the slopes of the linear regression lines of the 3- and 4-ABP–hemoglobin adducts by cigarettes per day were statistically significantly steeper in women than in men (P values for sex differences <.001 and .006, respectively). Conclusion: The risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes.
Sexual abuse of children in Leeds.
Authors: N J Wild
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Temporal trends in physical and sexual abuse of children within a geographically defined area were examined, and cases of suspected sexual abuse referred to paediatricians during 1984 were studied in detail. After remaining static for four years referrals due to all types of abuse trebled between 1979 and 1984, and referrals due to sexual abuse increased from none to 50 a year. In 1984, 50 children (39 girls) aged 1-16 were referred because of possible sexual abuse. Abuse was confirmed or considered to be likely in 30 (28 girls). The perpetrator was a male relative or family friend in 17 cases and a man participating in a child sex ring in seven cases. Physical examination often did not show anything remarkable, but three girls had venereal infections. These figures suggest that paediatricians and child psychiatrists will increasingly be presented with cases of sexual abuse in children.
Pulmonary effects of contact exposure to paraquat: a clinical and experimental study
Authors: P J Levin, L J Klaff, A G Rose, A D Ferguson
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The clinical and pathological features of a patient who died from the effects of percutaneous absorption of paraquat are described. The toxin was absorbed during the spraying of vineyards. Nine of his co-workers, less heavily exposed, were investigated. The transfer factor for carbon monoxide was reduced in six. Lung biopsy of two showed medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries with evidence of fresh and organised thrombi. In one there was also interstitial fibrosis. We designed an experimental animal model to investigate these findings. Low concentrations of paraquat were applied to the skin of rats over a nine-week period. The lungs were examined postmortem, and the medial thickness of the muscular pulmonary arteries was expressed as a percentage of their external diameters. In randomly encountered (large and small) pulmonary arteries the mean percentage medial thickness (MT%) was 11·99±0·41% (SEM) in controls and 25·28±0·94% in test rats (p&lt;0·001). In the large muscular pulmonary arteries the MT% in the control rats was 13·6±0·49% and in the test rats 25·9±1·44% (p&lt;0·001). In the small pulmonary arteries the values were: controls 9·0±0·73% and tests 14·2±1·35% (p&lt;0·05). One test rat which died spontaneously showed pulmonary infarction from thrombosis. We concluded that paraquat absorbed through the skin in low dosage over a prolonged period can produce pulmonary arterial lesions in man and rat. This contrasts with the familiar pathological findings of acute high dose ingestion. These findings have important bearings on the use of this herbicide in agriculture.
924 Protection from T cell-mediated hepatitis in CXCR3-deficient mice
Authors: I PETRAI, P DELLOSBARBA, F ANNUNZIATO, S ALEFFI, B LU, C GERARD, F MARRA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was investigated in the present study to examine whether it could affect the activation status of microglia under microenvironment of spinal cord injury and provide a potential therapeutic treatment for spinal cord injury. We established mouse spinal cord hemisection model and injected recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) subcutaneously. The results demonstrated that G-CSF could recruit microglia to the injury site in the first 72 h after spinal cord injury. Moreover, G-CSF inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors. Additionally, G-CSF also increases the expression of markers of M2 macrophage and inhibits the expression of markers of M1 macrophage in BV2 microglia in vitro model, favoring the M2 polarization of microglia under the microenvironment of spinal cord hemisection. NFκB signal pathway was involved in G-CSF-induced polarization of BV2 microglia. As a conclusion, we suggested that administration of G-CSF within the first 72 h after spinal cord injury might reduce early inflammation-induced detrimental effect and promote an anti-inflammatory response that favors repair via improving alternative activation of microglia. Administration of G-CSF in the acute phase of spinal cord injury may be a promising strategy in restorative therapy after spinal cord injury.
Physiological Controls and Regulations
Authors: Julia T. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1966)

All biological systems are regulated, that is, maintained at a level of performance necessary for homeostasis. Regulation implies existence of a controller such as the hypothalamus for temperature, the hypophysis for endocrine levels, brain centers for blood CO2levels. Reviews of these and many other such systems comprise this book, with contributions primarily from associates of the University of Pennsylvania.  Some biological controls and regulations are exceedingly intricate and puzzling. Concepts and principles common to control engineers have recently helped to solve some of these puzzles. The concept of set point, for example, explains how the hypothalamus can control temperature efficiently and yet permit fever and diurnal variations, a process which Hammel and Hardy cover in two stimulating chapters. The concept of negative feedback can explain why injections of cortisone depress the adrenal cortex and hypophysis, a system discussed by Smith and McCann. Study of engineering control loops can
The efficacy of topical cyclosporin in the management of desquamative gingivitis due to lichen planus
Authors: S.R. Porter, C. Scully, J.W. Eveson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article The efficacy of topical cyclosporin in the management of desquamative gingivitis due to lichen planus Get access S.R. Porter, S.R. Porter Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Bristol BSl 2LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Scully, C. Scully Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Bristol BSl 2LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.W. Eveson J.W. Eveson Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Bristol BSl 2LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 753–755, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03352.x Published: 01 December 1993
Osteoarthrosis of the hip joint in Switzerland, in the United Kingdom, and in Jamaica, and its relationship to generalized osteoarthrosis.
Authors: J S Lawrence, W M Zinn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Heberden Society 191 trabeculae with reduced bone modelling seems to be the most likely aetiology.According to the literature approximately 25 per cent. of the cases treated by early but prolonged non-weight- bearing (up to 4 years) appear to heal satisfactorily.In
Defect of the Atrial Septum in the Elderly
Authors: F. Henry Ellis, Robert O. Brandenburg, H. J. C. Swan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DEFECTS of the atrial septum account for about 18 per cent of all congenital cardiac lesions and are by far the commonest of the defects that permit survival beyond fifty years of age.1 The prognosis for longevity in patients so afflicted is good as compared to that associated with other congenital cardiac defects, even though the average age at death is reportedly thirty-seven to thirty-nine years.2 , 3 In fact, symptoms from such cardiac lesions may never develop, or symptoms of cardiac failure may develop late in life, at a time when the presence of congenital heart disease is least suspected. A . . .
Treatment of shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia
Authors: T. Battcock, R. Finn
Journal: BMJ (1989)

from studies of women taking unopposed oestro- gens.rhe question of progestogens is complex and unresolved, as can be seen by the supplement of Fertility and Sterility that was devoted to such topics.'To date there is information only concern- ing effects on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism but not in any strong sense related to atheroma or clinical disease.Nevertheless, there are grounds for applying pressure on manufacturers to use smaller doses of progestogens: duration rather than quantity seems the important factor in terms of protection against endometrial cancer, and indeed this seems to be the tendency with some newer preparations.Nevertheless, I support the quest for compounds with lower binding affinity for androgen receptor.The subject is rapidly moving and I feel that menopausal patients can safely be given favourable advice about the benefits of hormone replacement treatment, but we should be prepared to make changes in treatment in the light of developments.