tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of prostaglandin E2 and ranitidine in prevention of gastric bleeding by aspirin in man.
Authors: S J Konturek, N Kwiecien, W Obtulowicz, M Polanski, B Kopp, J Oleksy
Journal: Gut (1983)

This study was designed to compare the effect of oral administration of PGE2 (0.5 mg/kg) and ranitidine in larger (100 mg/dose) or smaller (10 mg/dose) doses on aspirin-induced gastric microbleeding and DNA loss determined chemically in gastric washings in eight healthy subjects. Aspirin (0.5 g) given four times daily greatly increased the rate of gastric bleeding and DNA loss and pretreatment with PGE2 or ranitidine in larger doses almost completely prevented these changes. Smaller non-antisecretory doses of ranitidine also reduced the rate of bleeding and DNA loss but to a lesser degree than PGE2. This study confirms that oral PGE2 has a protective action on gastric mucosa exposed to aspirin and that this property is also shared by ranitidine, a potent histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Left atrial thrombus in a 10-month-old boy — successful thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator after open-heart surgery: Review of the literature
Authors: H. G. Kehl, D. Kececioglu, H. Vielhaber, S. Kotthoff, M. Weyand, G. Jorch, J. Vogt, U. Nowak-Göttl
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Which B-cell subset should we target in lupus?
Authors: Gianfranco Ferraccioli, Frédéric A Houssiau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

The role of B-cells in the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis (LN) is suspected since decades. Amazingly, a report from 1977, aimed at describing the pathological characteristics of human LN described ‘proliferation of plasma cells (PCs) and plasmacytoid mononuclear cells’ in the spleen and the bone marrow (BM), but not in the kidneys.1 In murine lupus, Dixon's group discovered that polyclonal B-cell activation was the first detectable immunological abnormality in all strains, which could be observed as early as after 2 weeks of age.2 Somewhat later, the same group postulated that murine lupus can be divided into two main types: type 1 murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (NZB/W and BXSB strains), characterised by primary B-cell hyperresponsiveness to B-cell growth and differentiation factors and type 2 murine SLE (MRL/lpr strain), characterised by T-helper cell hyperactivity and overproduction of B-cell growth factors by proliferating T cells.3 A step forward was the discovery by Talal's group that besides polyclonal B-cell activation, a more restricted autoantibody response occurred with time, as suggested by a preferential use of some VH genes by certain MRL/lpr mice,4 thereby leading to further work demonstrating the presence of somatic mutations, affinity maturation and isotype switching as critical mechanisms of pathogenic anti-DNA antibody production in murine and human lupus.

The production of autoantibodies depends on the capacity of activated and proliferating autoimmune B-cells to become autoantibody-secreting cells (ASCs). During this process, B-cells progressively lose their proliferating ability but increase their autoantibody production. Two types of ASCs have been described: plasmablasts (PBs) and PCs, the former being the precursor of the latter.5 PBs are CD19+ CD20 …
Risk of stroke in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Authors: J K Perloff, A J Marelli, P D Miner
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease and elevated hematocrit levels are often phlebotomized because of an assumed risk of cerebral arterial thrombotic stroke. Whether a relation exists between hematocrit level, symptomatic erythrocytosis (hyperviscosity), and stroke remains to be established in this patient population.Accordingly, 112 cyanotic patients 19-74 years old (mean, 36 +/- 11.7 years) in the UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center Registry were selected for study by virtue of continuous observation for 1-12 years (total, 748 patient-years). Patients with independent risk factors for embolic or vasospastic stroke were excluded. The study patients were then divided into two groups: 1) compensated erythrocytosis (stable hematocrit levels of 46.0-72.7% [mean, 57.5 +/- 7.2%], iron replete, absent or mild hyperviscosity symptoms), and 2) decompensated erythrocytosis (unstable rising hematocrit levels of 61.5-75.0% [mean, 69.5 +/- 10.6%], iron deficiency, marked-to-severe hyperviscosity symptoms). No patient with either compensated or decompensated erythrocytosis, irrespective of hematocrit level, iron stores, or the presence, degree, or recurrence of cerebral hyperviscosity symptoms, progressed to clinical evidence of a complete stroke (cerebral arterial thrombosis with brain infarction).Because a risk of stroke caused by cerebral arterial thrombosis was not demonstrated, because the circulatory effects of phlebotomy are transient, and because of the untoward sequelae of phlebotomy-induced iron deficiency, we recommend phlebotomy for the temporary relief of significant, intrusive hyperviscosity symptoms but not for the hematocrit level per se. According to our data, phlebotomy is not warranted to reduce an assumed risk of stroke because that risk did not materialize.
Folk Tradition and Folk Medicine in Scotland: The Writings of David Rorie
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed David Buchan Canongate Academic, pounds sterling 20, pp 317 ISBN 0-898410-01-1

Folk Tradition and Folk Medicine in Scotland, edited by a Canadian folklorist, brings together essays, articles, occasional pieces, and an MD thesis by one of Scottish medicine's more remarkable characters.

David Rorie, who graduated from Edinburgh in 1890, worked for 10 years in general practice in the Fife coalfield and for more than 20 in rural Aberdeenshire, acquiring a huge and curious store of knowledge of his patients' various beliefs concerning health, disease, and much else. He was a student as well as a collector of …
A sporadic case of porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata
Authors: None Lucke, None Fallowfield, None Kemmett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article A sporadic case of porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata Get access Lucke, Lucke Departments of Dermatology, Vale of Leven District General Hospital, Alexandria, Scotland, U.K., Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fallowfield, Fallowfield Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kemmett Kemmett Departments of Dermatology, Vale of Leven District General Hospital, Alexandria, Scotland, U.K., Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 138, Issue 3, 1 March 1998, Pages 556–557, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02154.x Published: 01 March 1998
LYMPHADENOID GOITRE AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: G. S. Williamson, I. H. Pearse
Journal: BMJ (1929)

LYMPHADENOID GOITBF.surgical sepaattion impracticable.The phlotograpli repr-e- sents tlienii at the age of 18, aind tle3 sllowmani speaks of their " lhealth ltand beautt.':They are initelligenit, godt.musicians, cani play the saixohlIone a1d otlhiei illstrieinilCets, anid tiey have aequirel a comfortable fortune.A repjort more lacoic anid quaint would be difficuilt to conceive.
Senator asks US medical schools about rules on ghostwriting
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Senator Chuck Grassley has asked 10 leading US medical schools to disclose their rules on the involvement of their teaching staff in ghostwriting.

The senator sent letters on 17 November to Columbia University, Duke University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Stanford University, the University of California at San Francisco, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Washington, Washington University in St Louis, and Yale University.

Senator Grassley, an Iowa Republican, has long been investigating financial ties between drug companies and medical professionals. In January he and Senator Herb Kohl, a Wisconsin Democrat, introduced the Physician Payments Sunshine Act for the second time. The act would require annual public reports of payments to doctors by manufacturers …
Vascular endothelial growth factor is crucial for erythropoietin-induced improvement of cardiac function in heart failure
Authors: B. Daan Westenbrink, Willem-Peter T. Ruifrok, Adriaan A. Voors, Ronald G. Tilton, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Regien G. Schoemaker, Wiek H. van Gilst, Rudolf A. de Boer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

We intended to delineate the mechanisms of erythropoietin (EPO)-induced cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and to establish if VEGF is crucial for EPO-induced improvement of cardiac performance.The effects of EPO on VEGF expression were studied in cultured cardiac cells and EPO-treated hearts. The role of VEGF in EPO-induced neovascularization was studied with two distinct VEGF-neutralizing antibodies or irrelevant control IgG in an aortic sprouting assay and in rats with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) treated with EPO. EPO-alfa (10 IU/mL) was used in vitro and darbepoetin alfa (40 microg/kg/3 weeks, starting 3 weeks after MI) in vivo. EPO stimulated VEGF mRNA expression through the signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT-3) pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, but not in endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Similarly, the direct effects of EPO on endothelial sprouting were modest and VEGF independent. In rats with HF, EPO increased VEGF protein expression predominantly in cardiomyocytes, associated with a 37% increase in capillary density and improved cardiac performance. Administration of VEGF-neutralizing antibodies abrogated the salutary effects of EPO on cardiac microvascularization and function. VEGF neutralization attenuated EPO-induced proliferation of myocardial endothelial cells and reduced myocardial incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in rats with alkaline phosphatase-labelled bone marrow cells.VEGF is crucial for EPO-induced improvement of cardiac function in HF. EPO fosters VEGF expression predominantly in cardiomyocytes, which in turn stimulates myocardial endothelial proliferation and incorporation of EPCs.
Passive Smoking and the Risk of Heart Disease
Authors: Kyle Steenland
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This paper reviews the evidence that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of heart disease death among persons who have never smoked (never-smokers). The annual number of heart disease deaths in the United States attributable to ETS is estimated, as is the individual risk of heart disease death for exposed never-smokers.Nine epidemiologic studies and numerous experimental studies are available to evaluate the association of ETS and heart disease.The relative risk for never-smokers living with current or former smokers, compared with never-smokers living with nonsmokers, has ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 in nine studies. Seven studies were positive, one was positive for women but not men, and one was negative. Several studies have shown a dose-response relationship and have controlled for other risk factors. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that ETS can damage the cardiovascular system, via both short-term and long-term mechanisms. Assuming that the observed heart disease risk for those exposed to ETS is not an artifact of misclassification or confounding, approximately 35,000 to 40,000 deaths from ischemic heart disease among never-smokers and long-term former smokers are estimated to have occurred annually in the United States as a result of ETS exposure in the early 1980s. An individual male never-smoker living with a current or former smoker is estimated to have an approximately 9.6% chance of dying of ischemic heart disease by the age of 74 years, compared with a 7.4% chance for a male never-smoker living with a nonsmoker. The corresponding lifetime risks for women are 6.1% and 4.9%.The public health burden due to ETS exposure is likely to be much greater for heart disease than for lung cancer, which has been the focus of most debate to date. Individual lifetime excess risks of heart disease death due to ETS of one to three per 100 can be compared with much lower excess risks of one death per 100,000, which are often used in determining environmental limits for other toxins. Exposure to ETS is not currently regulated at the federal level, except for domestic air traffic.
GENERALIZED PUSTULAR BACTERTD. ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF SNEDDON AND WILKINSON.
Authors: F. F. HELLIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article GENERALIZED PUSTULAR BACTERTD. ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF SNEDDON AND WILKINSON. Get access F. F. HELLIER, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. F. F. HELLIER, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 12, 1 December 1956, Pages 395–399, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12775.x Published: 01 December 1956
Constitutive BR3 receptor signaling in diffuse, large B-cell lymphomas stabilizes nuclear factor-κB–inducing kinase while activating both canonical and alternative nuclear factor-κB pathways
Authors: Lan V. Pham, Lingchen Fu, Archito T. Tamayo, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Elias Drakos, Francisco Vega, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Richard J. Ford
Journal: Blood (2010)
Nécrosectomie par voie endoscopique dans la prise en charge des pancréatites aiguës graves: premiers résultats d'un centre référent
Authors: J Escourrou, P Andrau, B Bournet, J Moreau, L Buscail
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La surinfection de la nécrose pancréatique est une complication grave responsable d'une mortalité de 25 à 30% parmi les pancréatites aiguës (PA) nécrotiques. Une nécrosectomie chirurgicale est possible mais constitue un geste lourd en morbidité. Nous présentons ici notre expérience de la nécrosectomie per-endoscopique.
TCT-141 Age, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Ejection Fraction and the AGEF score are predictors of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) in patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Authors: Giuseppe Ando, Gaetano Morabito, Cesare de Gregorio, Olimpia Trio, Giuseppe Oreto, Francesco Saporito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Grand Rounds: Could Occupational Exposure to <i>n</i> -Hexane and Other Solvents Precipitate Visual Failure in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy?
Authors: Valerio Carelli, Flavia Franceschini, Silvia Venturi, Piero Barboni, Giacomo Savini, Giuseppe Barbieri, Ettore Pirro, Chiara La Morgia, Maria L. Valentino, Francesca Zanardi, Francesco S. Violante, Stefano Mattioli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

ContextLeber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited loss of central vision related to pathogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome, which are a necessary but not sufficient condition to develop the disease. Investigation of precipitating environmental/occupational (and additional genetic) factors could be relevant for prevention.Case presentationAfter a 6-month period of occupational exposure to n-hexane and other organic solvents, a 27-year-old man (a moderate smoker) developed an optic neuropathy. The patient had a full ophthalmologic and neurologic investigation, including standardized cycloergometer test for serum lactic acid levels and a skeletal muscle biopsy. His exposure history was also detailed, and he underwent genetic testing for LHON mitochondrial DNA mutations. The patient suffered a sequential optic neuropathy with the hallmarks of LHON and tested positive for the homoplasmic 11778G → A/ND4 mutation. Routine laboratory monitoring revealed increased concentrations of urinary 2.5 hexandione (n-hexane metabolite) and hippuric acid (toluene metabolite) in the period immediately preceding the visual loss.DiscussionIn a subject carrying an LHON mutation, the strict temporal sequence of prolonged appreciable occupational exposure followed by sudden onset of visual loss must raise a suspicion of causality (with a possible further interaction with tobacco smoke).RelevanceIn this article, we add to the candidate occupational/environmental triggers of LHON and highlight the need for appropriate case–control (and laboratory) studies to validate the causal effect of mixed toxic exposures.
Conditional Cash Transfers for Improving Uptake of Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mylene Lagarde, Andy Haines, Natasha Palmer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Cash transfers conditional on certain behaviors, intended to provide access to social services, have been introduced in several developing countries. The effectiveness of these strategies in different contexts has not previously been the subject of a systematic review.To assess the effectiveness of conditional monetary transfers in improving access to and use of health services, as well as improving health outcomes, in low- and middle-income countries.Relevant publications were identified via electronic medical and social science databases from inception to April 2006 (PubMED, EMBASE, POPLINE, CAB Direct, Healthcare Management Information Consortium, WHOLIS (World Health Organization Library Database), African Healthline, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Eldis, British Library for Development Studies (BLDS), ID21, Journal Storage (Jstor), Inter-Science, ScienceDirect, Internet Documents in Economics Access Service (Research Papers in Economics) (IDEAS[Repec]), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), MEDCARIB, Virtual Library in Health (ADOLEC), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), FRANCIS, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, and the Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) Register. Reference lists of relevant papers and "gray" literature resources were also searched.To be included, a paper had to meet study design criteria (randomized controlled trial, interrupted time series analysis, and controlled before and after study) and include a measure of at least 1 of the following outcomes: health care utilization, health expenditure, or health outcomes. Twenty-eight papers were retrieved for assessment and 10 were included in this review.Methodological details and outcomes were extracted by 2 reviewers who independently assessed the quality of the papers.Overall, the evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs are effective in increasing the use of preventive services and sometimes improving health status.Further research is needed to clarify the cost effectiveness of conditional cash transfer programs and better understand which components play a critical role. The potential success and desirability of such programs in low-income settings, with more limited health system capacity, also deserves more investigation.
What Will It Take to Recruit a New Director for NIH? Advisory Group Has Some Suggestions
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

TWO WAYS to make the National Institutes of Health (NIH) director's job more attractive are to pay more and reduce political and bureaucratic interference. So says an advisory committee called by Louis W. Sullivan, MD, secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. The advice comes at a crucial time in the search for a director. The Bush Administration has so far failed to find a replacement for the former director, James Wyngaarden, MD, who announced his departure last May and left in August (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2935-2936). <h3>Poorly Perceived</h3> Since then, a selection committee has considered several persons for the job, but all, for one reason or another, now have taken themselves out of the running. Comments from biomedical organizations and individual researchers suggest some reasons for this include perceptions that the NIH directorship is a strictly political appointment, that there will be cuts in biomedical research funds, that there
The Future of Internal Medicine
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Internal medicine may be in its twilight because it has failed to address the shortage of primary care physicians by training more general internists. Data from several sources indicate that progressively fewer persons are entering general internal medicine as opposed to its subspecialties. The reasons for this decline include adverse experiences in medical school, an unfavorable patient mix, declining incomes, and increasing hassles in caring for patients. A series of reforms, such as improving the teaching in medical school, strengthening divisions of general medicine, and establishing financial incentives, are proposed to reverse this trend. Other actions that must be taken include stopping the proliferation of subspecialty certificates, designating and accrediting primary care tracks, and cutting subspecialty positions. Internal medicine's fate is in its own hands, and the discipline must reorient itself to conform to societal needs.
Gastroptosia Not Gastroptosis. Perityphlitis Not Appendicitis.
Authors: A. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1902)

New York City, August 6, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An article which I had published in the<i>New York Medical Journal</i>, June 21, 1902, entitled "Gastroptosia the Cause of Symptoms Erroneously Attributed to Nephroptosia," has been reviewed in several other journals. I do not know in how many, but I noticed in two of these the title which I had given was changed to the following: "Gastroptosis the Cause of Symptoms Erroneously Attributed to Nephroptosis." I remonstrated, and I hope my protest will appear in those journals which I have addressed. When I first introduced the correct term gastroptosia in place of the incorrect word gastroptosis I gave the reasons: A feminine noun which ends in sis, xis and psis as the second component remains unchanged when the first component is a preposition, as for instance, proptosis, periptosis, diagnosis, but if the first component is not a preposition, then in
CD4 T cells in the rheumatoid joint are oligoclonally activated and change during the course of disease.
Authors: H A Khazaei, C Lunardi, A K So
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the nature of T cell receptor (TCR) utilisation by CD4 T cells in the rheumatoid joint. METHODS--Sequencing of the joining (NDJ) region of TCR beta chain mRNA isolated from synovial fluid CD4 T cells was performed in three patients in order to determine if oligoclonal expansion of particular sequences was present. Two patients were studied longitudinally to determine if these sequences changed over time. RESULTS--A number of dominant clonotypes were found within the TCR transcripts sequenced in each patient. In the two patients who were studied longitudinally, different dominant clonotypes were detected over time. No single clonotype was persistently dominant during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS--The pattern of TCR usage showed multiple oligoclonally expanded CD4 T cells within the rheumatoid joint. The change in clonotypes within the joint over time suggests that different antigens may be able to elicit synovial inflammation during the course of rheumatoid disease.