tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of action potentials of hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension.
Authors: R S Aronson
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We investigated the electrophysiological effects of cardiac hypertrophy induced by renal hypertension in rats by comparing transmembrane action potentials (AP) recorded from the papillary muscles of hypertensive (HBP) and normal (SHAM) rats.No significant difference was found between HBP and SHAM AP with regard to resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (AMP), overshoot (OS), or maximum rate of rise of the upstroke.In contrast, the duration of 50% (APD50) and 75% (APD75) of repolarization to the RMP was significantly and consistently longer for HBP AP than for SHAM AP.The mechanism for prolonged HBP AP was investigated by changing extracellular fluid composition and by use of ion channel blockers.The responses of HBP and SHAM AP to various treatments differed in a quantitative rather than qualitative fashion.Exposure to C 2+containing or low-Na + Tyrode's solution produced a differentially greater decrease in APD 50 and APD75 in HBP AP than in SHAM AP.Treatment with D600 also produced differential shortening of HBP AP, but its effect was limited to APD 50 .In contrast, exposure to Sr 2+ -containing and TEA-containing Tyrode's solution produced an increase in APD 50 and APD75, but the lengthening effect was not differentially greater in HBP than in SHAM AP.Treatment with Ca 2+ -free Tyrode's solution had little effect on APD in either HBP and SHAM rats.None of the treatments had a significant differential action on RMP or AMP in HBP AP as compared to SHAM AP.Our results show that AP prolongation is a specific and consistent feature of hypertrophied myocardium and that the changes responsible for prolonged HBP AP are quantitative rather than qualitative in nature.The specific differential effects of high Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] o ) and low Na + concentration ([Na*] o ) on the duration of HBP AP indicate that the membrane sensitivity to these ions is altered in hypertrophied myocardium and that one possible explanation for prolonged HBP AP is slowed inactivation of a Ca 2+ -inactivated inward current.Circ Res 47: [443][444][445][446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453][454] 1980 CARDIAC hypertrophy is known to be associated with electrocardiographic, ultrastructural, and contractile alterations, but only a few studies on the cellular electrophysiology of hypertrophied myocardium are available.Those studies have reported a variety of action potential changes but have disagreed on the nature of the alterations and on when, during the course of hypertrophy, they occurred.For example, Uhley (1961) studied the electrical effects of hypertrophy in rats made hypertensive for 5-8 months.He reported no apparent differences in transmembrane action potentials recorded from various epicardial sites of normal and hypertrophied hearts.This study, however, was limited in that the only action potential parameter measured was total amplitude.Most other studies of the electrophysiological effects of cardiac hypertrophy have used an entirely
Discovery of common variants associated with low TSH levels and thyroid cancer risk
Authors: Julius Gudmundsson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Jon G Jonasson, Gisli Masson, Huiling He, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Simon N Stacey, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Hafdis Th Helgadottir, Wei Li, Rebecca Nagy, Matthew D Ringel, Richard T Kloos, Marieke C H de Visser, Theo S Plantinga, Martin den Heijer, Esperanza Aguillo, Angeles Panadero, Enrique Prats, Almudena Garcia-Castaño, Ana De Juan, Fernando Rivera, G Bragi Walters, Hjordis Bjarnason, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Gudmundur I Eyjolfsson, Unnur S Bjornsdottir, Hilma Holm, Isleifur Olafsson, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Hoskuldur Kristvinsson, Olafur T Magnusson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Augustine Kong, Lambertus ALM Kiemeney, Thorvaldur Jonsson, Hannes Hjartarson, Jose I Mayordomo, Romana T Netea-Maier, Albert de la Chapelle, Jon Hrafnkelsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Does Particulate Air Pollution Contribute to Infant Death? A Systematic Review
Authors: Svetlana V. Glinianaia, Judith Rankin, Ruth Bell, Tanja Pless-Mulloli, Denise Howel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

There is now substantial evidence that both short- and long-term increases in ambient air pollution are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in adults and children. Children's health is particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution, and infant mortality is still a major contributor to childhood mortality. In this systematic review we summarize and evaluate the current level of epidemiologic evidence of an association between particulate air pollution and infant mortality. We identified relevant publications using database searches with a comprehensive list of search terms and other established search methods. We included articles in the review according to specified inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Evidence of an association between particulate air pollution and infant mortality in general was inconsistent, being reported from locations with largely comparable pollution levels. There was some evidence that the strength of association with particulate matter differed by subgroups of infant mortality. It was more consistent for postneonatal mortality due to respiratory causes and sudden infant death syndrome. Differential findings for various mortality subgroups within studies suggest a stronger association of particulate air pollution with some causes of infant death. Research is needed to confirm and clarify these links, using the most appropriate methodologies for exposure assessment and control of confounders.
What Is Natural?
Authors: Bryce A Mendelsohn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract S5-05: Postneoadjuvant treatment with zoledronate in patients with tumor residuals after anthracyclines-taxane-based chemotherapy for primary breast cancer – The phase III NATAN study (GBG 36/ABCSG XX)
Authors: G von Minckwitz, M Rezai, H Eidtmann, H Tesch, J Huober, B Gerber, DM Zahn, S Costa, M Gnant, JU Blohmer, C Denkert, C Hanusch, C Jackisch, S Kümmel, PA Fasching, A Schneeweiss, S Paepke, M Untch, V Nekljudova, K Mehta, S Loibl
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are considered to have chemoresistant breast cancer. Adjuvant treatment with bisphosphonates is considered to reduce the relapse risk predominantly in estrogen-deprivated patients. Methods: Patients who had invasive tumor residuals (ypT1-4 or ypN+) after a minimum of 4 cycles of anthracycline-taxane-containing NACT were eligible to the NATAN study. Patients were randomized within 3 years after surgery to receive zoledronate 4 mg i.v. (plus 1000 mg Ca2+ and 880 I.U. vitamin D daily) for 5 years vs. observation. Zoledronate was given q 4 weeks for the first 6 months, q 3 months the following 2 years, and q 6 months for the last 2.5 years. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive disease received letrozole for 5 years if postmenopausal, or tamoxifen, if premenopausal. Adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease was allowed since an amendment in 2007. Stratification factors were HR, time since surgery, age, and center. Primary objective was event-free survival (EFS). 654 patients and 316 events were required to observe an increase of 5yr EFS from 58% to 67.2% (hazard ratio 0.73). Secondary objectives were to determine overall survival, EFS with respect to the interval between surgery and randomization, bone-metastasis-free-survival, toxicity of and compliance to zoledronate, the predictive value of breast tumor response to NACT on the effect of postoperative treatment and the prognostic impact of chemotherapy induced amenorrhea in premenopausal patients. An interim analysis for high efficacy at 158 observed events was planned in the protocol; in agreement with study IDMC a Bayesian analysis for futility with futility boundary of 15% will be performed at the same time. Results: Between 2/2005 and 5/2009 693 patients were enrolled. Time between surgery and randomization was &amp;lt;4 months in 48.4%, 4-12 months in 34.5%, and 13-36 months in 17.1% of patients. The median age was 50.9 yrs (range 33.7-88.2), 72.3% of patients were postmenopausal. 82% had HR-positive and 19% HER2-positive disease. During a median follow up of 48 months 154 events were observed so far. Conclusion: This is the first post-neoadjuvant phase III study. Analysis of the primary endpoint will be presented in case the IDMC will release of the results of the futility analysis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S5-05.
Mechanisms of high-density lipoprotein reduction after probucol treatment: Changes in plasma cholesterol esterification/transfer and lipase-activities
Authors: Giulia Chiesa, Silvia Michelagnoli, Michela Cassinotti, Gemma Gianfranceschi, JoséP. Werba, Franco Pazzucconi, Cesare R. Sirotori, Guido Franceschini
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
TCT-42 Real world comparison of MGuard stent versus bare metal stent for ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Agustín Fernandez-Cisnal, Belen Cid, Belen Alvarez-Alvarez, José María Cubero Gómez, Raymundo Ocaranza-Sanchez, Diego Lopez-Otero, Pablo Souto-Castro, Luis Díaz de la Llera, Ramiro Trillo, Jose Ramon Gonzalez-Juanatey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A piece of my mind. The next generation
Authors: E. R. Strahlman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

My mother tells me that I wanted to be a doctor since I was 3. When I was given glasses for myopia at age 10, I turned my thoughts toward curing and preventing blindness, and a future ophthalmologist was born. My relatives thought it was "cute" that a little girl wanted to be a doctor, and responded with an approving smile or pat on the head. "She'll be the first in our family," they said, "the next generation." I experienced death for the first time later that same year, 1967. My paternal grandfather, who had suffered with Parkinson's disease for several years, died quickly and quietly of pneumonia at the age of 68. I remember the suddenness of it all: the surprise, the shock, the tears, the bustle of activity. Over and over I heard, "Thank God he died so quickly." "He didn't suffer." "He wasn't in any pain." The words
HIV Antibodies in Drug-Addicted Prostitutes
Authors: Michael Dan, Meir Rock, Shulamit Bar-Shani, Umberto Tirelli
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the report of Tirelli et al<sup>1</sup>on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in intravenous drug-addicted prostitutes in Italy. We were particularly struck by the high rate of HIV-antibody positivity in this population, reflecting a situation that is remarkably different from that in Israel. As part of a survey on the prevalence of HIV antibodies in intravenous drug users in Israel, 54 women were tested; 27 of them were prostitutes. Antibodies to HIV were detected in two (3.7%) of the women, one of whom was a prostitute. We conclude that prostitution probably does not constitute an additional risk factor in the prevalence of HIV antibodies among intravenous drug—addicted women. We wonder whether the much higher proportion of HIV antibody—positive intravenous drug addicts in Italy can be attributed to needle sharing with US soldiers, something that does not happen in Israel.
Rational Prescribing in Primary Care (RaPP): Economic Evaluation of an Intervention to Improve Professional Practice
Authors: Atle Fretheim, Morten Aaserud, Andrew D Oxman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Interventions designed to narrow the gap between research findings and clinical practice may be effective, but also costly. Economic evaluations are necessary to judge whether such interventions are worth the effort. We have evaluated the economic effects of a tailored intervention to support the implementation of guidelines for the use of antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering drugs. The tailored intervention was evaluated in a randomized trial, and was shown to significantly increase the use of thiazides for patients started on antihypertensive medication, but had little or no impact on other outcomes. The increased use of thiazides was not expected to have an impact on health outcomes.We performed cost-minimization and cost-effectiveness analyses on data from a randomized trial involving 146 general practices from two geographical areas in Norway. Each practice was randomized to either the tailored intervention (70 practices; 257 physicians) or control group (69 practices; 244 physicians). Only patients that were being started on antihypertensive medication were included in the analyses. A multifaceted intervention was tailored to address identified barriers to change. Key components were an educational outreach visit with audit and feedback, and computerized reminders. Pharmacists conducted the visits. A cost-minimization framework was adopted, where the costs of intervention were set against the reduced treatment costs (principally due to increased use of thiazides rather than more expensive medication). The cost-effectiveness of the intervention was estimated as the cost per additional patient being started on thiazides. The net annual cost (cost minimization) in our study population was 53,395 US dollars, corresponding to 763 US dollars per practice. The cost per additional patient started on thiazides (cost-effectiveness) was 454 US dollars. The net annual savings in a national program was modeled to be 761,998 US dollars, or 540 US dollars per practice after 2 y. In this scenario the savings exceeded the costs in all but two of the sensitivity analyses we conducted, and the cost-effectiveness was estimated to be 183 US dollars.We found a significant shift in prescribing of antihypertensive drugs towards the use of thiazides in our trial. A major reason to promote the use of thiazides is their lower price compared to other drugs. The cost of the intervention was more than twice the savings within the time frame of our study. However, we predict modest savings over a 2-y period.
Potential bronchoconstrictor stimuli in acid fog.
Authors: J R Balmes, J M Fine, T Gordon, D Sheppard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Acid fog is complex and contains multiple stimuli that may be capable of inducing bronchoconstriction. These stimuli include sulfuric and niric acids, the principal inorganic acids present; sulfites, formed in the atmosphere as a reaction product of sulfur dioxide and water droplets; fog water itself, a hypoosmolar aerosol; the organic acid hydroxymethanesulfonate, the bisulfite adduct of formaldehyde; and gaseous pollutants, e.g., sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone. Given this complexity, evaluation of the respiratory health effects of naturally occurring acid fog requires assessment of the bronchoconstrictor potency of each component stimulus and possible interactions among these stimuli. We summarize the results of three studies that involve characterization of the bronchoconstrictor potency of acid fog stimuli and/or their interaction in subjects with asthma. The results of the first study indicate that titratable acidity appears to be a more important stimulus to bronchoconstriction than is pH. The results of the second study demonstrate that sulfite species are capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, especially when inhaled at acid pH. The results of the third study suggest that acidity can potentiate hypoosmolar fog-induced bronchoconstriction.
Dermatologic adverse reactions to 7 common food additives in patients with allergic diseases: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Heung-Woo Park, Chang-Han Park, Su-Hwa Park, Jun Young Park, Hyun Sun Park, Hyeon Jong Yang, Kang-Mo Ahn, Kyu-Han Kim, Jae-Won Oh, Kyu-Earn Kim, Bok-Yang Pyun, Ha-Baik Lee, Kyung-Up Min
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J. Silvain, F. Beygui, O. Barthelemy, C. Pollack, M. Cohen, U. Zeymer, K. Huber, P. Goldstein, G. Cayla, J.-P. Collet, E. Vicaut, G. Montalescot
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To determine the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Medline and Cochrane database of systematic reviews, January 1996 to May 2011.Randomised and non-randomised studies comparing enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention and reporting on both mortality (efficacy end point) and major bleeding (safety end point) outcomes.Sample size, characteristics, and outcomes, extracted independently and analysed.23 trials representing 30,966 patients were identified, including 10,243 patients (33.1%) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction, 8750 (28.2%) undergoing secondary percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis, and 11,973 (38.7%) with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome or stable patients scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 13,943 patients (45.0%) received enoxaparin and 17,023 (55.0%) unfractionated heparin. Enoxaparin was associated with significant reductions in death (relative risk 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.76; P<0.001), the composite of death or myocardial infarction (0.68, 0.57 to 0.81; P<0.001), and complications of myocardial infarction (0.75, 0.6 to 0.85; P<0.001), and a reduction in incidence of major bleeding (0.80, 0.68 to 0.95; P=0.009). In patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the reduction in death (0.52, 0.42 to 0.64; P<0.001) was particularly significant and associated with a reduction in major bleeding (0.72, 0.56 to 0.93; P=0.01).Enoxaparin seems to be superior to unfractionated heparin in reducing mortality and bleeding outcomes during percutaneous coronary intervention and particularly in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction.
PSYCHODYNAMICS AND THE ALLERGIC PATIENT
Authors: Harold A. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  I would like to comment on the review of my book, Psychodynamics And The Allergic Patient, inThe Journal, July 2, 1949. While I realize that the reviewer has every right to state what he believes, I do not believe that he has the right to misrepresent what I explicitly stated in my book. With respect to perhaps the most important example of misrepresentation, the reviewer writes, In the main, the author follows the usual line of proponents of the idea who claim that emotional and psychic elements can be the major and only factor in producing manifestations which resemble those produced by allergy. This is a misstatement both from the point of view which I presented in my book and what is actually stated. I quote what is actually written on page 25. In practically all of the cases with bilateral, wheezing respiratory difficulties (excluding tumors,
Clinical characteristics and course of CD8+ cytotoxic variant of mycosis fungoides: a case series of seven patients
Authors: V.A. Nikolaou, E. Papadavid, A. Katsambas, A.J. Stratigos, L. Marinos, D. Anagnostou, C. Antoniou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Fewer than 5% of cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) present with a cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+ phenotype which, despite immunophenotypic similarities with CD8+ aggressive lymphomas, is regarded as a phenotypic variant of MF. Poikilodermatous MF showing a CD8+ phenotype has been reported to have a nonaggressive clinical behaviour and a good response to psoralen plus ultraviolet A treatment.To perform a retrospective study of CD8+ MF cases diagnosed in the skin lymphoma clinic of Andreas Sygros Hospital.We analysed the clinical characteristics, the immunophenotypic and molecular indices, as well as the clinical course of these patients.Seven cases of CD8+ MF (6.5% of all cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) were diagnosed during 2002-2007. One of seven patients had stage IA, five stage IB and one stage IIB disease. Clinical characteristics were variable: four of seven patients presented with poikilodermatous plaques (in one of them lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis with CD8+ phenotype coexisted), one patient with classic MF, one with plantar MF and one with follicular MF. The time period between disease onset and diagnosis was long for most patients (up to 33 years). All patients received the recommended treatment according to TNM staging. Five of seven patients had complete remission, one partial response and one stable disease.Special clinical characteristics, such as hyperpigmentation and poikiloderma, are often noted in CD8+ MF cases. In our series CD8+ MF presented with a long-standing disease and indolent course suggesting that CD8+ cytotoxic immunophenotype may represent a marker of mild biological behaviour.