tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Generation of monoclonal antibodies to murine bile duct epithelial cells: Identification of annexin V as a new marker of small intrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: Kazuyoshi Katayanagi, Judy Van de Water, Thomas Kenny, Yasuni Nakanuma, Aftab A. Ansari, Ross Coppel, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are distributed along the length of both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tree, but have distinctly different phenotypes and functions according to their anatomical location. It has been reasoned that the distinct appearance of pathogenic lesions in different biliary diseases may be associated with the expression of distinct proteins. These data prompted us to immunize rats with cultured murine BECs with the objective of determining if there are unique antigens on BECs. Of the 45 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced, 12 mAbs (MBEC 1-12) were selected for detailed study based on their classification into three major groups. These groups included four antibodies (MBEC 1-4) that reacted in a staining pattern typical of mucin. A second group of mAbs, MBECs 5 to 8, reacted strongly along the biliary tract and by immunoblot analysis, reacted with several bands ranging from 44 kd to 64 kd. These antibodies were considered as markers of pan BECs and their staining pattern proved similar to that of a control polyclonal pan-cytokeratin. The final group of mAbs, MBECs 9 to 12, recognized a 36-kd antigen using lysates of murine BECs. These antibodies also predominantly stained small peripheral bile ducts. The reactive antigen was purified by immunoprecipitation and microsequenced; the peptides sequenced showed 100% homology with murine annexin V. The identification of annexin V with predominantly intrahepatic bile ducts, is of significant interest because of the multiple roles of annexin V, including that of membrane cytoskeletal interactions during transport and apoptosis.
Preventing alcohol problems: a job for Canute?
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Journalists reflect tendencies that we all have when they polarise issues and try to force opposite sides into acrimonious and fruitless argument.In this way prevention enthusiasts are sometimes pitted against those who work treating established disorders, but often-and particularly with alcohol problemsthe division is false.Prevention and treatment overlap: for instance, is encouraging those who are just beginning to develop problems from drinking to come forward for treatment tertiary prevention or early treatment ?This policy has been called both, and it is both.Only a few people in Britain specialise in alcohol problems, and these specialists are adept at moving from prevention to treatment issues.Increasingly, those concerned with treatment use educational techniques associated with prevention, and prevention enthusiasts borrow techniques-for instance, self-monitoring-developed in treatment programmes.' Eclecticism is not just the best policy for responding to alcohol problems, it is the only policy.Alcohol cannot be banished from Britain: though to some people alcohol is the "devil in solution," to most of us life without alcohol is un- imaginable.Prohibition does not work, as has been shown not only in the United States but also in Finland and other countries, and while there is alcohol there will be associated damage, and treatment facilities will always be needed.Similarly, health education about alcohol cannot be abandoned on the grounds that it has produced no change in drinking behaviour: any political action to limit alcohol consumption will be unacceptable to the electorate unless an educational campaign has explained why such action is necessary.If alcohol damage in Britain is to be reduced then treatment, education, and political measures will all be necessary.Never- theless, when resources are limited-and they always are and always will be limited-then decisions must be made on priorities.This is why a careful consideration of the options is important.Various preventive strategies will be considered in this article, while the next article will examine treatment. Education on alcoholPreventive measures may be directed at individuals or they may work by manipulating the environment in which those individuals live.Health education aims at the individual, and in principle few people object to educating people about alcohol problems, whereas many object strongly to political intervention in price, advertising, or licensing.Some, however, worry about the morality of trying to change people's behaviour (they see a distinction between education and propaganda), while others are concerned about the effectiveness of health education.
UK health secretary promises to tighten regulatory procedures for medical devices
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The health secretary Jeremy Hunt has pledged to stop a “worrying and completely unacceptable weakness in the regulatory system” that would potentially allow a hip prosthesis with dangerous design flaws on to the market.

Jeremy Hunt’s comments come in the wake of a joint undercover investigation by the BMJ and the Daily Telegraph that involved submitting a fake application for a metal-on-metal hip implant for approval in Europe.

A notified body in Slovakia provisionally allowed a fake hip with dangerous …
Natural rubber latex skin testing reagents: Safety and diagnostic accuracy of nonammoniated latex, ammoniated latex, and latex rubber glove extracts
Authors: Robert G. Hamilton, N.Franklin Adkinson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

Background: Nonammoniated latex, ammoniated latex, and rubber glove extracts are the only sources of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex that have potential for use as skin testing reagents in the diagnosis of latex allergy. Their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as skin test reagents are unknown. Objective: We conducted a phase 1/2 clinical study to examine the safety and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of nonammoniated latex, ammoniated latex, and rubber glove extracts as skin test extracts to identify the most efficacious source material for future skin test reagent development. Methods: Twenty-four adults not allergic to latex, 19 adults with hand dermatitis or pruritus, and 59 adults with a latex allergy were identified by clinical history. All provided blood and then received puncture skin tests and intradermal skin tests with nonammoniated latex, ammoniated latex, and rubber glove extracts from Malaysian H. brasiliensis latex by use of sequential titration. A glove provocation test and IgE anti-latex RAST were used to clarify positive history–negative skin test response and negative history–positive skin test response mismatches. Results: All three extracts were biologically safe and sterile. After normalization to 1 mg/ml of total protein, all three extracts produced equivalent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in puncture skin tests and intradermal skin tests at various extract concentrations. Optimal diagnostic accuracy was safely achieved at 100 μg/ml for puncture skin tests and 1 μg/ml for intradermal skin tests (e.g., nonammoniated latex: puncture skin test sensitivity 96%, specificity 100%; intradermal skin test sensitivity 93%, specificity 96%). The presence of IgE antibody in skin was highly correlated with IgE anti-latex in serum (nonammoniated latex: r = 0.98, p < 0.001; ammoniated latex: r = 0.94, p < 0.001; rubber glove extract: r = 0.96, p < 0.001). All five available subjects with a positive history, negative skin test response, and absence of IgE antibody in serum had a negative glove provocation test response, indicating no clinical evidence of latex allergy. No systemic or large local allergic reactions were observed with puncture skin tests or intradermal skin tests. Conclusions: Equivalent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were observed with the nonammoniated latex, ammoniated latex, and rubber glove extract skin test reagents after normalization for total protein; nonammoniated latex may be considered the reagent of choice on the basis of practical quality control and reproducibility considerations. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1996;98:872-83.)
Evaluation of vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: H R Phillips, J W Starr, V S Behar, A Walston, J C Greenfield, G S Wagner
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Vectorcardiograms (VCG) from a consecutive group of 77 patients with significant aortic valve disease were analyzed. All of the patients had complete left and right heart catheterization with normal coronary arteriograms and normal left ventricular contraction. Thirty-five (46%) patients met VCG criteria for anterior myocardial infarction (AMI-35%) and/or inferior myocardial infarction (IMI-14%). This was a significant increase in false positive diagnosis for both criteria compared to a group of 200 normal volunteers under age 30 and 100 patients with normal hearts by cardiac catheterization (P less than 0.01). It was found that if the VCG diagnosis of myocardial infarction was deferred when the maximal transverse plane magnitude was greater than 1.9 mV, the incidence of AMI false positive diagnosis decreased to 3% and the incidence of IMI false positive diagnosis decreased to 1%. The same rule was applied to the aortic valve disease cohort, a group of 124 patients with documented AMI and a group of 158 patients with IMI. This decreased the sensitivity of the AMI criteria from 93 to 83% and of the IMI criteria from 85 to 77%. The increase in average performance was statistically significant fro the AMI criteria (P less than 0.05) but not for the IMI criteria.
Efficacy and safety of micafungin for treating febrile neutropenia in hematological malignancies
Authors: Naoe Goto, Takeshi Hara, Hisashi Tsurumi, Kengo Ogawa, Junichi Kitagawa, Nobuhiro Kanemura, Senji Kasahara, Toshiki Yamada, Masahito Shimizu, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Katsuhiko Matsuura, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Less toxic antifungal drugs are required for empirical antifungal therapy. Micafungin is an echinocandin drug that is effective against both Candida and Aspergillus, and preliminary clinical studies have shown good antifungal activity. We prospectively examined the effect and safety of micafungin against febrile neutropenia with suspected fungal infection in 53 patients (median age, 56 years) who had undergone chemotherapy. The administered dose of micafungin was 150 mg/day, and its effect was evaluated as fever resolution as well as the results of chest imaging and serum fungal tests. Micafungin levels were measured on day 4 after the first administration using high-performance liquid chromatography. We also measured trough levels of micafungin. Underlying diseases comprised acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 4), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 20), multiple myeloma (n = 3), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 26). The overall efficacy of micafungin was 70%. Breakthrough fungal infections were documented in two (3.8%) patients, both of whom died of invasive mycosis. None of the patients were switched to other antifungal drugs due to events unrelated to adverse effects. Plasma levels of micafungin and the degree of hepatic or renal dysfunction did not correlate. Micafungin is safe and effective for the empirical antifungal therapy of febrile neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancies.
Abstract LB-274: Clinical significance of MUC1, MUC2 and CK17 expression patterns in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Haisu Yang, Rosalba Tamayo, Bruce Horten, Moacyr DaSilva, Maryann Gangi, Evelyn Vazquez, Daisy Joseph, Patricia Okamoto, Thomas Scholl
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is characterized by aggressive growth and treatment resistance. Identification of unique biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis is important in the treatment of this disease. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of MUC1, MUC2 and CK17 in normal tissues as well as metastatic adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemical analysis. Our results clearly show that MUC1 (pan-epithelial membrane mucin), MUC2 (intestinal-type secretory mucin) and CK17 can be utilized as a panel of markers to collectively distinguish pancreatobiliary carcinoma from other primary site carcinomas. That is, tumors originating in the pancreatobiliary system showed an expression pattern of MUC1 (+), MUC2 (-) and CK17 (+). In contrast, tumors that arose from the colorectal region were MUC1 (-), MUC2 (+) and CK17 (-), while those originating from the lung and kidney had a MUC1 (+), MUC2 (-) and CK17 (-) expression profile. More importantly, the MUC1 (+), MUC2 (-) and CK17 (+) result displayed greater sensitivity and specificity than CA19-9, which is the currently accepted and widely used pancreatic tumor marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Taken together, our data support an antibody panel that can enhance the current methods for pancreatic cancer diagnosis by specifically identifying the primary tissue of origin from which pancreatic carcinomas are derived. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-274.
New Weed Killers Produce Chloracne-Reply
Authors: Samuel M. Peck
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is gratifying to receive evidence that two of the newer chemicals used as weed killers, namely, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, can be added to the list of agents causing chloracne. Drs. Bleiberg and Brodkin and their associates are to be congratulated on their paper.
1025-43 Bivalirudin confers antiplatelet effects in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sunil X Anand, Michael C Kim, Mazullah Kamran, Samin K Sharma, Frank Carbon, Erdal Cavusoglu, Juan F Viles-Gonzalez, Juan J Badimon, Jonathan D Marmur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Experts: Target Heart Disease From Birth
Authors: M. Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interplay of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor, COX-2, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7, Play Key Roles in the Early Stage of Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Katsuhiko Nosho, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Hiroaki Taniguchi, Yasushi Adachi, Yukinari Yoshida, Yoshiaki Arimura, Takao Endo, Yuji Hinoda, Kohzoh Imai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II expression with IGF-I, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 in early colorectal carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: With the semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, 90 human colorectal tumor tissues (63 adenomas and 27 submucosal pT1 cancers) were analyzed for IGF-II, IGF-IR, IGF-I, COX-2, and MMP-7 expression. Ninety-nine adenoma tissues and 60 pT1 cancer tissues were also analyzed immunohistochemically for IGF-II expression. Loss of imprinting of the IGF-II gene was analyzed. Paired carcinoma and adenoma tissues obtained from a carcinoma in adenoma lesion was analyzed by a cDNA array. Results: IGF-II mRNA expression was detected in 37.8% of the 90 colorectal tumor tissues. The frequency of IGF-II mRNA expression was significantly higher in pT1 cancer (70.4%) than in adenoma (23.8%). Immunohistochemical IGF-II expression was also more frequently detected in pT1 cancer (58.3%) than in adenoma (25.3%). Loss of imprinting of the IGF-II gene was observed in 15 (44.1%) of the 34 colorectal tumors in which IGF-II was overexpressed. IGF-II expression was positively correlated with the expression of IGF-IR and IGF-I. COX-2 and MMP-7 mRNA expression was detected in 42.2% and 77.8% of the tumor tissues, respectively, and both were positively correlated with IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-IR expression. IGF-II was the most differentially expressed gene between carcinoma and adenoma lesions. Conclusions: IGF-II, in conjunction with IGF-IR, IGF-I, COX-2, and MMP-7, seems to play a key role in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Controlled Pressure Diskography
Authors: A. Stephen Genest
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Since Cloward's article<sup>1</sup>on cervical diskography appeared, this procedure seems to have been the object of great controversy. When Holt's evaluation of the procedure<sup>2</sup>was published, many reputable surgeons developed serious doubts as to the validity of this test. Later published opinions of diskography<sup>3</sup>seem to be gradually becoming more favorable. The author recently listened to a discussion of diskography in which one physician stated that all diskograms could be made positive if enough pressure were applied, just as retrograde pyelography could be similarly distorted. It seemed to me that a simple application of scientific method to this, namely, trying to control the variables, would establish the true value of the test. <h3>Method:</h3> Several neurosurgeons were tested while using a syringe attached to a pressure gauge. The variation between the maximum injection pressure used by different neurosurgeons was from 19 to 52 pounds per
Peritoneal ventilation in rabbits: augmentation of gas exchange with cisapride.
Authors: J. Barr, G. Lushkov, S. Strauss, S. Gurevitch, E. Lahat, T. Bistritzer, B. Klin, G. Eshel
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal ventilation has been shown to be effective in achieving extrapulmonary oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination in an animal model of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cisapride is a "prokinetic" agent (increases gastric emptying), that may increase the splanchnic circulation and thus favourably affect gas exchange in peritoneal ventilation. METHODS: Using Doppler ultrasound the effect of cisapride on the portal venous circulation was examined in eight spontaneously breathing rabbits and the effect of cisapride on gas exchange in five rabbits spontaneously breathing room air was compared with that of a control group who did not receive cisapride. Its effect on gas exchange in five rabbits with ARDS being treated with mechanical lung and peritoneal ventilation was compared with that of a control group, and its effect on gas exchange in five rabbits with ARDS treated with conventional ventilation was also compared with that of a control group. RESULTS: Enteral administration of cisapride increased portal venous blood velocity, as measured ultrasonographically, by a mean of 188% one hour after receiving the drug. In rabbits with ARDS being treated with both peritoneal ventilation and mechanical ventilation to the lungs, those receiving cisapride had arterial oxygen tensions 1.5-3 times that of controls. Cisapride had no effect on arterial blood gas tensions in rabbits who were spontaneously breathing room air, nor in rabbits with ARDS who received only conventional mechanical lung ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Cisapride increases arterial oxygenation in rabbits with severe ARDS treated with peritoneal ventilation, probably due to its ability to increase splanchnic circulation. It should be considered as an adjuvant medication to peritoneal ventilation.
P1-09-09: Fetal Microchimerism and In Situ Breast Cancer.
Authors: JK Eun, VK Gadi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Haploidentical fetal cells acquired and maintained by a woman in her blood and tissues long after pregnancy completion, also known as fetal microchimerism, is inversely associated with invasive breast cancer. Furthermore, in healthy women, absence of fetal microchimerism serves as a risk factor for development of future breast cancer (J Clin Oncol 29: 2011 suppl; abstr 1574). Here, we test the hypothesis that failure to maintain fetal microchimerism following pregnancy is also associated with in situ breast cancer. Methods: Buffy coat specimens were obtained from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Data Bank and BioRepository from parous patients with in situ breast cancer and parous control volunteers with no prior history of cancer. Using quantitative PCR, DNA extracts from peripheral blood buffy coat specimens were tested by a single female operator blinded to case:control status for the presence (and concentrations) of Y chromosome sequence DYS14, a marker of male fetal microchimerism. Results: In this interim analysis, 83% (34/41) of healthy control women and 55% (29/53) in situ breast cancer patients tested positively for the presence of DYS14. The unadjusted odds ratio was 0.25 (95%-CI of 0.08−0.72; p=0.008). Median concentrations were also greater in healthy women compared to women with in situ cancer, 0.15 versus 0.02 fetal cell equivalents per 10^5 proband genomes, respectively (p=0.004). Summary: Preliminary results suggest that the associations of fetal microchimerism and in situ breast cancer are similar in magnitude and direction to that observed for invasive disease. The natural history of in situ breast cancer is for a large portion of patients to develop invasive disease in 8–10 years absent of comprehensive locoregional control; results here point to a failure to maintain or loss of haploidentical fetal cells well before development of invasive disease. Final results from the entire cohort planned (n=200) with adjustment for anthropometric, reproductive, and cancer specific factors will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-09.
The National Influenza Immunization Program
Authors: Theodore Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In February of this year, swine influenza virus was positively identified as the agent responsible for an outbreak of influenza among military personnel stationed at Fort Dix, NJ. The occurrence of swine influenza in man has rarely been observed in recent decades, and then apparently only in persons who have had direct contact with swine. Prior to the report of the outbreak at Fort Dix, no instance of human-to-human transmission of the disease had been reported in this country since the 1930s. Because swine influenza virus is believed to be the agent responsible for the flu pandemic of 1918-1919, during which one out of every four Americans became ill, 548,000 flu-related deaths occurred in the United States and an estimated 20 million people died throughout the world, the potential significance of the Fort Dix experience should not be underestimated. Immunologic surveys of the American population indicate that antibodies to swine