tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN LEUKAEMIAS: MEASUREMENT OF THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF A SPECIFIC RNA SEQUENCE BY MEANS OF MOLECULAR HYBRIDISATION
Authors: G.D. Birnie, LeanneM. Wiedemann, JenniferH. Burns, A.M. Warnock, RobertW. Tindle, A.K. Burnett, P. Tansey, N.P. Lucie, MoiraR. Robertson
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
The Older Smoker
Authors: Bethea A. Kleykamp, Stephen J. Heishman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Computerized National Blood Donor Deferral Register
Authors: Frank R. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

With blood given exclusively by volunteer donors, the American National Red Cross (ANRC) Blood Program aims to supply patients needing transfusion with blood products of the highest quality. The use of blood from volunteers, with its established greater safety, combined with laboratory testing to detect carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB<sub>s</sub>Ag) and modern computer technology, creates an effective system to reduce the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis. The ANRC has devised a national Donor Deferral System, which is designed to minimize the transmission of hepatitis by blood and blood products. (<i>JAMA</i>232:722-724, 1975)
Caffeine dependence syndrome
Authors: R. H. Adamson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The conclusions by Dr Strain and colleagues1that  exhibits the features of a typical psychoactive substance of  should be viewed with reservation.  The 16 subjects in the small study selected from a larger group of 99 adults with self-identified caffeine dependence clearly do not represent a cross section of the US population. Ten of the 16 had a previous substance abuse disorder (most commonly alcohol), two had a psychiatric diagnosis, and 14 of 16 were of the same sex. In addition, although subjects were not assessed for nicotine dependence, five were smokers who had a higher caffeine consumption than the nonsmokers.  Obviously, caffeine consumption is markedly different from the use of drugs of abuse. For example, steadily increasing doses are generally not associated with caffeine ingestion and, of course, the destructive antisocial behavior provoked by drugs of abuse is clearly not associated with caffeine
Mother-to-Infant Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus during Primary Infection
Authors: Brian A. Van Tine, George M. Shaw, Grace Aldrovandi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Palomaki et al. (April 1 issue) 1 reported recently that 96 women from Maine had pregnancies, with estimated or actual dates of delivery between 1991 and 1996, in which open spina bifida or anencephaly developed in the fetuses.In addition, they found no decrease in the prevalence of these preventable birth defects.In 1991, the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study Research Group reported the results of a randomized, controlled trial that found that synthetic folic acid taken in the form of a pill prevents 72 percent of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly. 2Had an effective program of folic acid supplementation been implemented in Maine immediately after the publication of the results of the Medical Research Council vitamin study, most of the women in the study by Palomaki et al. would not have had pregnancies affected by these birth defects.Had there been an effective national program, 20,000 pregnancies in the United States between 1992 and 1999 would not have been affected -more than the number of pregnancies affected by thalidomide-induced birth defects in Europe 40 years ago.The failure to implement effective programs for protection against folic acid-preventable birth defects is causing a continuing public health emergency.Since 1991, approximately 64 children have lost their lives because of front-seat air bags.The 20,000 pregnancies unnecessarily affected by folic acid-preventable birth defects constitute an opportunity for prevention more than 300 times as great as the opportunity to control the number of deaths among children resulting from front-seat air bags.It is not surprising that the emergency continues.The
ETHYL CHLOEID AS A GENERAL ANESTHETIC IN MINOR OPERATIONS.
Authors: GEORGE F. HAWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

As early as 1848, Heyfelder used ethyl chlorid as a general anesthetic, and in 1880, the British Medical Association, after experimenting with the drug, condemned its use as being too dangerous, producing convulsions and arresting respiration. About 1895-6 it was again brought to the front by Carlson and Thursing, and was soon used extensively in dental work. Seitz of Konstanz, in 1892, reported 16,000 cases, with but one death, and that in a very unfavorable subject. With the exception of nitrous-oxide gas, he considers it the safest of all anesthetics. Opisthotonos was observed in three cases, all three, however, were addicted to the use of alcohol. Burnett<sup>1</sup>considered ethyl chlorid an ideal anesthetic. He used it in a concentrated form, and found it caused more relaxation than bromid of ethyl, though not so much as chloroform. McLennan<sup>2</sup>places it on a par with laughing as for safety. The
Predicting response to hepatitis C therapy
Authors: Thomas S. Oh, Charles M. Rice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Current treatment for chronic hepatitis C is expensive, is often accompanied by burdensome side effects, and, sadly, fails in almost half of cases. The ability to predict such failures prior to treatment could save a great deal of pain and expense for the patient with HCV. In this issue of the JCI, Aurora and colleagues describe the development of genetic markers predictive of treatment response based on a study of viral sequence variation (see the related article beginning on page 225). Genome-wide covariation analyses of pretreatment virus sequences from 94 patients showed distinct patterns of mutations strongly associated with the ultimate success or failure of treatment. Such analyses suggest markers predictive of response to therapy and may lead to new insights into the underlying biology of hepatitis C.
Immunotherapy for melanoma
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 796: Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells using fluidigm biomark dynamic array
Authors: Huang Jiaqi, Philip Brohawn, Haifeng Bao, Patricia Burke, Xiaoru Chen, Wei Zhu, Theresa LaVallee, Bahija Jallal, Yihong Yao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells derived from a primary tumor and/or its metastases that circulate in the peripheral blood. The number of CTCs in whole blood of cancer patients has been shown to have clinical relevance with respect to patient prognosis. There is, in addition to CTC enumeration, great interest in the molecular characterization of isolated CTCs. However, there are challenges for molecular characterization of CTCs with commonly used methodologies. The number of CTCs is extremely low and despite the depletion of leukocytes during cell enrichment, the CTC-enriched fractions still include numerous leukocytes which strongly impact CTC-specific gene expression profiling. CellSearch™ CTC test is a FDA approved diagnostic test for enumeration of CTCs. The fixation reagents in the CellSave tube allow processing of samples for several days post-collection, making analysis of clinical samples more practical compared to near-same day processing required for samples collected in EDTA tubes. However, the fixation decreases the mRNA signal and assay sensitivity. We have established a protocol which overcomes these hurdles and allows the profiling of select transcripts of interest in CTCs. By applying a proteinase K treatment and Trizol LS lysis prior to RNA isolation, we were able to overcome the impact of fixation on RNA isolation. RNA was isolated from the treated lysate using a commercially available kit applicable to low cell numbers. Use of this kit allowed us to utilize all of the isolated RNA in the cDNA step. Superscript III cDNA synthesis was then carried out according to the manufacturer's protocol. Target genes of interest were then pre-amplified using the Life Technologies established methodology and reagents. The resulting volume of pre-amplified cDNA was concentrated to a set volume to maximize the amount of transcript profiled. Genes of interest were profiled on the Fluidigm Biomark 48.48 Array. mRNA expression analysis was performed on genes which are not expressed in a pure leukocyte population to ensure that any signal detected was from the CTCs, and not from the background leukocyte population. Using this methodology, we succeeded in performing quantitative gene expression analysis on genes such as PDGFRα on as few as five tumors cells (MG63) fixed in CellSave tubes and spiked into a background environment of contaminating leukocytes (typically 1000 or more) pulled down from normal blood using the CellSearch system. These methods could potentially be used not only for greater understanding of the biology and metastatic potentialof CTCs Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 796.
Cancer Statistics, 2001
Authors: R. T. Greenlee, M. B. Hill-Harmon, T. Murray, M. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Each year the American Cancer Society compiles estimates of the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the US in the current year and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. An estimated 1,268,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the year 2001 and an estimated 553,400 Americans will die from cancer. Overall cancer incidence and death rates have continued to decrease in men and women since the early 1990s, and the decline in overall cancer mortality has been greater in recent years. Despite reductions in age-adjusted rates of cancer death, the total number of recorded cancer deaths in the US continues to increase, due to an aging and expanding population. Large disparities in cancer incidence and mortality across racial/ethnic groups continue. Black men and women experience higher incidence of cancer and poorer survival than white men and women. The disparity in survival reflects both diagnosis of cancer at later disease stages, and poorer survival within each stage of diagnosis.
NUTS AS A FOOD SUPPLY
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial on "Peanuts as Food" (The Journal, March 23, 1918, p. 850) is in line with progress. More, however, may be said to advantage. It is a rule in economics that people do not make an effort toward filling a need until the need is felt. The American Indians used a large number of plants that have not as yet been cultivated systematically for the general food market. Eventually civilized man may employ most of the things that the Indians ate. Man began to cultivate the annual plants that bring prompt return for his labors, and this he is likely to continue to do by preference until he comes to understand that nut bearing trees give a larger yield per acre at lesser expenditure of time, care and expense than annual plant crops require, as a general rule. Nuts may be divided into two general classes,
Hyperinfectivity in Cholera: A New Mechanism for an Old Epidemiological Model?
Authors: Mercedes Pascual, Katia Koelle, Andrew P Dobson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Hartley et al. [ 1] have recently proposed an epidemiological model for the dynamics of cholera that explicitly incorporates a hyperinfectious stage of the pathogen Vibrio cholerae, following laboratory findings that passage of the bacterium through the gastrointestinal tract results in a short-lived more highly infectious state. The paper and its commentary [ 2] emphasize that this model provides a basis for the transmission pathway known as “human-to-human” and demonstrates its importance, relative to the “environment-to-human” pathway, in the “explosive” character of cholera epidemics. Nevertheless, several important points seem to be missing from the discussion.
Initial Clinical Experience With Ambulatory Use of an Implantable Atrial Defibrillator for Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Emile G. Daoud, Carl Timmermans, Chris Fellows, Robert Hoyt, Robert Lemery, Kathy Dawson, Gregory M. Ayers
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —A recent study has shown that the implantable atrial defibrillator can restore sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation when therapy was delivered under physician observation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ambulatory use of the implantable atrial defibrillator. Methods and Results —An atrial defibrillator was implanted in 105 patients (75 men; mean age, 59±12 years) with recurrent, symptomatic, drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. After successful 3-month testing, patients could transition to ambulatory delivery of shock therapy. Patients completed questionnaires regarding shock therapy discomfort and therapy satisfaction using a 10-point visual-analog scale (1 represented “not at all,” 10 represented “extremely”) after each treated episode of atrial fibrillation. During a mean follow-up of 11.7 months, 48 of 105 patients satisfied criteria for transition and received therapy for 275 episodes of atrial fibrillation. Overall shock therapy efficacy was 90% with 1.6±1.2 shocks delivered per episode (median, 1). Patients rated shock discomfort as 5.2±2.4 for successful therapy and 4.2±2.2 for unsuccessful therapy ( P &gt;0.05). The satisfaction score was higher for successful versus unsuccessful therapy (3.4±3.3 versus 8.7±1.3, P &lt;0.05). There was no ventricular proarrhythmia observed throughout the course of this study. Conclusions —Ambulatory use of an implantable atrial defibrillator can safely and successfully convert most episodes of atrial fibrillation, often requiring only a single shock. Successful therapy is associated with high satisfaction and only moderate discomfort.
Evaluation of a Selective Medical School Admissions Policy to Increase the Number of Family Physicians in Rural and Underserved Areas
Authors: Howard K. Rabinowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Abstract Jefferson Medical College initiated the Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) in 1974; this program preferentially admits medical school applicants from rural backgrounds who intend to practice family medicine in rural and underserved areas. Evaluation of the program has shown that PSAP graduates from the classes of 1978 to 1985 have performed slightly less well than their peers (non-PSAP) during medical school, although there was no difference in attrition between the two groups. Nor did the performance of PSAP and non-PSAP graduates differ during their postgraduate training. PSAP graduates from the classes of 1978 to 1981 were almost five times as likely as non-PSAP graduates to practice family medicine (59.6 vs. 12.6 percent, P<0.001), three times as likely to practice in rural areas (37.8 to 42.2 percent vs. 10.0 to 11.8 percent, P<0.001), and two to four times as likely to practice in areas where there is a physician shortage (26.7 to 40.0 percent vs. 9.2 to 11.2 percent, P<0.01). They were 7 to 10 times as likely as their peers to combine a career in family medicine with practice in a rural or underserved area (24.4 to 31.1 percent vs. 3.1 to 3.9 percent, P<0.001), thereby fulfilling the goals of the PSAP. This study concludes that the medical school admissions process can have a major influence on the specialty choice and geographic practice location of physicians, and suggests one mechanism for increasing the number of family physicians in rural and underserved areas. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:480–6.)
Improving cardiovascular health at population level: 39 community cluster randomised trial of Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP)
Authors: J. Kaczorowski, L. W. Chambers, L. Dolovich, J. M. Paterson, T. Karwalajtys, T. Gierman, B. Farrell, B. McDonough, L. Thabane, K. Tu, B. Zagorski, R. Goeree, C. A. Levitt, W. Hogg, S. Laryea, M. A. Carter, D. Cross, R. J. Sabaldt
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of the community based Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) on morbidity from cardiovascular disease. <b>Design</b> Community cluster randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> 39 mid-sized communities in Ontario, Canada, stratified by location and population size. <b>Participants</b> Community dwelling residents aged 65 years or over, family physicians, pharmacists, volunteers, community nurses, and local lead organisations. <b>Intervention</b> Communities were randomised to receive CHAP (n=20) or no intervention (n=19). In CHAP communities, residents aged 65 or over were invited to attend volunteer run cardiovascular risk assessment and education sessions held in community based pharmacies over a 10 week period; automated blood pressure readings and self reported risk factor data were collected and shared with participants and their family physicians and pharmacists. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Composite of hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure among all community residents aged 65 and over in the year before compared with the year after implementation of CHAP. <b>Results</b> All 20 intervention communities successfully implemented CHAP. A total of 1265 three hour long sessions were held in 129/145 (89%) pharmacies during the 10 week programme. 15 889 unique participants had a total of 27 358 cardiovascular assessments with the assistance of 577 peer volunteers. After adjustment for hospital admission rates in the year before the intervention, CHAP was associated with a 9% relative reduction in the composite end point (rate ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.97; P=0.002) or 3.02 fewer annual hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease per 1000 people aged 65 and over. Statistically significant reductions favouring the intervention communities were seen in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (rate ratio 0.87, 0.79 to 0.97; P=0.008) and congestive heart failure (0.90, 0.81 to 0.99; P=0.029) but not for stroke (0.99, 0.88 to 1.12; P=0.89). <b>Conclusions</b> A collaborative, multi-pronged, community based health promotion and prevention programme targeted at older adults can reduce cardiovascular morbidity at the population level. <b>Trial registration</b> Current controlled trials ISRCTN50550004.
A New Prognostic Staging System for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Amy C. Justice, Alvan R. Feinstein, Carolyn K. Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract An improved prognostic staging system is needed for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To construct such a system, we analyzed the course of 117 consecutive adults who received a diagnosis of AIDS at Yale–New Haven Hospital from 1981 through 1987. The staging system was developed from the data on the first 76 patients, confirmed in the remaining 41 patients, and then applied to the entire cohort. The staging system, which is based on physiologic deficits rather than demographic or diagnostic features, gives one point for each of the following: severe diarrhea or serum albumin level under 2.0 g per deciliter, any neurologic deficit, arterial oxygen tension of 50 mm Hg or less, hematocrit below 30 percent, lymphocyte count below 150 per microliter, white-cell count below 2500, and platelet count below 140,000. The total score determines the presence of Stages I (0 points), II (1 point), or III (2 to 7 points). The three stages had distinctive prognostic gradients in our cohort. For patients in Stages I, II, and III, the median survival times were 11.6, 5.1, and 2.1 months, respectively, with one-year survival rates of 50, 30, and 8 percent. When the staging system was tested with a proportional-hazards model, no other descriptive or laboratory variable added any additional predictive power. Although this new staging system requires further validation in other populations, we believe it will be useful in evaluating new therapies and improving the precision of prognosis in patients with AIDS. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1388–93.)
Intramuscular loading dose of quinine for falciparum malaria: pharmacokinetics and toxicity.
Authors: Y Wattanagoon, R E Phillips, D A Warrell, K Silamut, S Looareesuwan, B Nagachinta, D J Back
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a study of intramuscular injection of quinine eight adults with moderately severe falciparum malaria resistant to chloroquine were treated with quinine dihydrochloride, being given a loading dose of 20 mg salt (16.7 mg base)/kg followed by three or four eight hourly maintenance doses of 10 mg salt (8.3 mg base)/kg injected into the anterior thigh. All patients responded to treatment. Fever and parasite clearance times (mean (SD) 60 (23) h and 53 (22) h respectively) were comparable with those obtained with intravenous quinine. The mean peak plasma quinine concentration of 11.0 mg/l (34.4 mu mol/l) [corrected] was reached a median of five hours after administration of the loading dose. In all patients plasma quinine concentrations exceeded the high minimum inhibitory concentration for Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalent in Thailand within four hours of the start of treatment but did not cause toxicity other than mild cinchonism. When intravenous infusion is not possible an intramuscular quinine loading dose is an effective means of starting treatment in patients with moderately severe falciparum malaria who cannot swallow tablets.