tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renin and Hypertension Risks
Authors: WILLIAM J. MROCZEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 November 1974Renin and Hypertension RisksWILLIAM J. MROCZEK, M.D.WILLIAM J. MROCZEK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-704 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the paper by Christlieb and colleagues, "Renin: A Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease" (1), the authors state that the question posed by the title could only be answered by a "prospective study of many patients." They also state that their results supported the observations of Brunner and co-workers (2) that patients with low renin hypertension have a decreased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. It is apparent that the authors have taken a "hedge" position and supported both positions of the renin-vascular disease controversy.Although Dr. Christlieb and associates state that the patients with low renin...References1. CHRISTLIEB A, GLEASON R, and HICKLER R: Renin: a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Ann Intern Med 81:7-10, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BRUNNER H, LARAGH J, and BAER L: Essential hypertension: renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 286:441-449, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TUCK M, WILLIAMS G, and CAIN J: Relation of age, diastolic pressure and known duration of hypertension to presence of low renin essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 32:637-642, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MROCZEK W, FINNERTY F, and CATT K: Lack of association between plasma-renin and history of heart attack or stroke in patients with essential hypertension. Lancet 2:464-469, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. CHRISTLIEB A, HICKLER R, and LAULER D: Renin and vascular disease (abstract). Circulation 48 (suppl 4):83, 1973 Google Scholar6. CHRISTLIEB A: Diabetes and hypertensive vascular disease. Am J Cardiol 32:592-606, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM J. MROCZEK, M.D.Affiliations: Georgetown Medical Division District of Columbia General Hospital Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPlasma Renin Activity and Vascular Disease in Essential Hypertension 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 704-704KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesHypertensionMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionProspective studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
1371 HIGH-FIELD MR-SPECTROSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD ALLOWS NOVEL INSIGHTS IN ALTERED HEPATIC LIPID AND ENERGY METABOLISM WITH POTENTIAL DISTINCTION OF NASH AND ADVANCED FIBROSIS
Authors: S. Traussnigg, E. Halilbasic, C. Kienbacher, M. Gajdošík, L. Valkovič, M. Chmelík, J. Stift, H. Hofer, P. Steindl-Munda, L. Kazemi-Shirazi, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, P. Ferenci, A. Ba-Ssalamah, F. Wrba, M. Krebs, S. Trattnig, M. Krššák, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hospital volume and patient outcomes after cholecystectomy in Scotland: retrospective, national population based study
Authors: E. M. Harrison, S. O'Neill, T. S. Meurs, P. L. Wong, M. Duxbury, S. Paterson-Brown, S. J. Wigmore, O. J. Garden
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To define associations between hospital volume and outcomes following cholecystectomy, after adjustment for case mix using a national database. <b>Design</b> Retrospective, national population based study using multilevel modelling and simulation. <b>Setting</b> Locally validated administrative dataset covering all NHS hospitals in Scotland. <b>Participants</b> All patients undergoing cholecystectomy between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2007. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mortality, 30 day reoperation rate, 30 day readmission rate, and length of stay. <b>Results</b> We identified 59 918 patients who had a cholecystectomy in one of 37 hospitals: five hospitals had high volumes (&gt;244 cholecystectomies/year), 10 had medium volumes (173-244), and 22 had low volumes (&lt;173). Compared with low and medium volume hospitals, high volume hospitals performed more procedures non-electively (17.1% and 19.5% <i>v</i> 32.8%), completed more procedures laparoscopically (64.7% and 73.8% <i>v</i> 80.9%), and used more operative cholangiography (11.2% and 6.3% <i>v</i> 21.2%; χ<sup>2</sup> test, all P&lt;0.001). In a well performing multivariable analysis with bias correction for a low event rate, the odds ratio for death was greater in both the low volume (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.00, P=0.022) and medium volume (1.52, 1.11 to 2.08, P=0.010) groups than in the high volume group. However, in simulation studies, absolute risk differences between volume groups were clinically negligible for patients with average risk (number needed to treat to harm, low <i>v</i> high volume, 3871, 1963 to 17 118), but were significant in patients with higher risk. In models accounting for the hierarchical structure of patients in hospitals, those in medium volume hospitals were more likely to undergo reoperation (odds ratio 1.74, 1.31 to 2.30, P&lt;0.001) or be readmitted (1.17, 1.04 to 1.31, P=0.008) after cholecystectomy than those in high volume hospitals. Length of stay was shorter in high volume hospitals than in low (hazard ratio for discharge 0.78, 0.76 to 0.79, P&lt;0.001) or medium volume hospitals (0.75, 0.74 to 0.77, P&lt;0.001). These differences were also only of clinical significance in patients at higher risk. <b>Conclusions</b> There is wide variation among hospitals in the management of gallstone disease and an association between higher hospital volume and better outcome after a cholecystectomy. The relative risk of death is lower in high volume centres, and although absolute risk differences between volume groups are significant for elderly patients and patients with comorbidity, they are clinically negligible for those at average risk.
Tibial cartilage volume change in healthy postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study
Authors: A E Wluka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether the amount of joint cartilage in healthy postmenopausal women is stable or changes over time, and whether oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) influences this. <b>Design:</b> A cohort study in healthy postmenopausal women without knee pain, initially selected on the basis of having either used ERT long term (more than five years) or never having used ERT. <b>Methods:</b> 81 women (42 taking ERT and 39 non-users) had baseline knee radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the dominant knee; 57 of these (70%) were followed with repeat MRI approximately 2.5 years later. Knee cartilage volume was measured at baseline and at follow up. Risk factors assessed at baseline, including ERT use, were tested for their association with change in knee cartilage volume over time. <b>Results:</b> 29 subjects who were initially taking ERT and 28 non-users at baseline completed the study. Total tibial articular cartilage decreased, on average, by (mean (SD)) 2.4 (3.2)% per year (95% confidence interval for mean, 1.5% to 3.2%). Average annual reduction in medial and lateral tibial cartilage was 2.4 (3.6)% (1.4% to 3.3%) and 2.3 (4.2)% (1.2% to 3.4%), respectively. No association between ERT and the rate of reduction in cartilage volume was shown. <b>Conclusions:</b> Mean tibial cartilage volume loss in healthy postmenopausal women is between 1.5% and 3.2% a year. Whether this rate of change is similar throughout adult life or in men will require further investigation.
Sepsis lethality via exacerbated tissue infiltration and TLR-induced cytokine production by neutrophils is integrin α3β1-dependent
Authors: Yelena V. Lerman, Kihong Lim, Young-Min Hyun, Kathleen L. Falkner, Hongmei Yang, Anthony P. Pietropaoli, Arnoud Sonnenberg, Pranita P. Sarangi, Minsoo Kim
Journal: Blood (2014)
Protocol for Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: LAWRENCE H. BERNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 February 1975Protocol for Urinary Tract InfectionLAWRENCE H. BERNSTEIN, M.D.LAWRENCE H. BERNSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-284 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Greenfield and colleagues "Protocol Management of Dysuria, Urinary Frequency, and Vaginal Discharge" (Ann Intern Med81:452-457, 1974), contains a step that may often lead toward the diagnosis of a urinary infection when the source of the symptoms may be elsewhere in the genitourinary tract. Instead of only doing a pelvic examination in theabsenceof pyuria or 2 + bacteriuria, one should be done on all patients with dysuria or frequency as well as vaginal discharge. Walker (1) substantiates the validity of this approach in a description of gynecologic lesions causing urinary symptoms....Reference1. WALKER A: Urinary symptoms caused by gynaecological lesions (abstract). Proc R Soc Med 63:243, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. SCHWARTZGORRYKASSIRER WGJ: Decision analysis and clinical judgment. Am J Med 55:459-472, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. GREENFIELDANDERSONWINICKOFF SHR: Management of low back pain by a protocol and a physician extender (abstract). Clin Res 22:378, 1974 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LAWRENCE H. BERNSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: National Health Service Corps 266 Lyell Ave. Rochester, New York 14620 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 284-286KeywordsGenitourinary infectionsLesionsUrinary tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute Metabolic Effects of Exenatide in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Residual Insulin to Oral and Intravenous Glucose Challenges
Authors: Tara Ghazi, Linda Rink, Jennifer L. Sherr, Kevan C. Herold
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is released from the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with GLP-1 analogs has proven to be of clinical use for patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes, particularly those with residual β-cell function, may also respond to treatment, but the acute metabolic effects of GLP-1 analogs on these patients in reaction to both oral and intravenous glucose challenges are not well understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen patients with type 1 diabetes, half of whom had residual insulin production, underwent two mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and two intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), with and without pretreatment with exenatide. No exogenous bolus insulin was administered for the studies. Glucose excursions, insulin secretion rates (ISRs), and levels of glucagon, endogenous GLP-1, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were measured after the meal or glucose loads. RESULTS During the MMTT, glucose levels were suppressed with exenatide in patients with or without residual insulin production (P = 0.0003). Exenatide treatment did not change the absolute ISR, but the ISR to glucose levels were increased (P = 0.0078). Gastric emptying was delayed (P = 0.0017), and glucagon was suppressed (P = 0.0015). None of these hormonal or glucose changes were detected during the IVGTT with exenatide administration. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide showed a significant antidiabetogenic effect prior to an oral meal in patients with type 1 diabetes involving glucagon suppression and gastric emptying, while preserving increased insulin secretion. GLP-1 analogs may be useful as an adjunctive treatment in type 1 diabetes.
The influence of the extracellular fluid volume on the tubular reabsorption of uric acid.
Authors: E J Weinman, G Eknoyan, W N Suki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Changes is tubular reabsorption of uric acid in response to alterations in the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) were examined in rats by clearance studies and by direct intratubular microinjections. Contraction of the ECFV led to a rise in the serum uric acid concentration and a 47% decrease in the clearance of uric acid. The ratio of uric acid to inulin clearance also fell, indicating an increase in the net tubular reabsorption of urate. Volume expansion resulted in an increase in the urate clearance and a 37% decrease in the net tubular reabsorption of uric acid. To localize the site in the nephron where these changes occur, microinjections of [2-14C]urate were performed. The lack of conversion of radioactive urate to allantoin after microinjections was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography. After contraction of the ECFV, urinary recoveries of uric acid were significantly decreased after microinjections into proximal tubular sites. In contrast, recoveries were increased from these proximal sites after volume expansion. No evidence for distral reabsorption was obtained in any group of animals. These studies demonstrate that net urate reabsorption is influenced by the state of hydration of the ECFV and that these alterations are mediated by changes in the rates of reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
PHLDA1 Expression Marks the Putative Epithelial Stem Cells and Contributes to Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren, Michael Christie, Carla D'Andreti, Cary Tsui, Robert N. Jorissen, Shan Li, Nicholas I. Fleming, Peter Gibbs, Lara Lipton, Jordane Malaterre, Robert G. Ramsay, Toby J. Phesse, Matthias Ernst, Rosemary E. Jeffery, Richard Poulsom, Simon J. Leedham, Stefania Segditsas, Ian P. M. Tomlinson, Oliver K. Bernhard, Richard J. Simpson, Francesca Walker, Maree C. Faux, Nicole Church, Bruno Catimel, Dustin J. Flanagan, Elizabeth Vincan, Oliver M. Sieber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Studies employing mouse models have identified crypt base and position +4 cells as strong candidates for intestinal epithelial stem cells. Equivalent cell populations are thought to exist in the human intestine; however robust and specific protein markers are lacking. Here, we show that in the human small and large intestine, PHLDA1 is expressed in discrete crypt base and some position +4 cells. In small adenomas, PHLDA1 was expressed in a subset of undifferentiated and predominantly Ki-67-negative neoplastic cells, suggesting that a basic hierarchy of differentiation is retained in early tumorigenesis. In large adenomas, carcinomas, and metastases PHLDA1 expression became widespread, with increased expression and nuclear localization at invasive margins. siRNA-mediated suppression of PHLDA1 in colon cancer cells inhibited migration and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The integrins ITGA2 and ITGA6 were downregulated in response to PHLDA1 suppression, and accordingly cell adhesion to laminin and collagen was significantly reduced. We conclude that PHLDA1 is a putative epithelial stem cell marker in the human small and large intestine and contributes to migration and proliferation in colon cancer cells.
Review: Eplerenone is not more effective for reducing mortality than other aldosterone antagonists
Authors: Ellis Lader
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club18 December 2012Review: Eplerenone is not more effective for reducing mortality than other aldosterone antagonistsEllis Lader, MD, FACCEllis Lader, MD, FACCMid Valley Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, Kingston, New York, USA (E.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChatterjee S, Moeller C, Shah N, et al. Eplerenone is not superior to older and less expensive aldosterone antagonists. Am J Med. 2012;125:817-25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22840667Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Cardiology: References1 Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709-17. [PMID: 10471456]. Google Scholar2 Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al; Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1309-21. [PMID: 12668699] Google Scholar3 Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al; EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:11-21. [PMID: 21073363] Google Scholar4 Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:543-51. [PMID: 15295047] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mid Valley Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, Kingston, New York, USA (E.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 December 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChronic Heart Failure Clinical Practice Guidelines’ Class 1-A Pharmacologic Recommendations: Start-to-End Synergistic Drug Therapy? 18 December 2012Volume 157, Issue 12Page: JC6-10KeywordsAldosteroneClinical trialsDrugsHeart failurePopulation statisticsPotassium ePublished: 18 December 2012 Issue Published: 18 December 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
CANCER IN JAPAN
Authors: Frederick L. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following statistics have been derived from a recent official publication on the vital statistics of Japan. They reemphasize the statement frequently made that the cancer death rate of Japan is gradually approaching that of European countries. It is significant, however, that the rate should be practically the same for males and females, but for cancer of the stomach and liver the rate was decidedly higher. Of particular interest is the very low mortality from cancer of the female breast, which is about one eighth of the rate prevailing in this country, England and Wales. I have fortunately had occasion to point out that no exhaustive study has ever been made to explain the low relative incidence of cancer of the female breast in the Japanese population. Much the same condition prevails in the Hawaiian Islands and among the Japanese on the Pacific Coast. Of considerable importance
Characterization Of Soy Allergic Brazilian Patients Using A Microarray Technique For Detection Of Multiple IgE Reactivity
Authors: R COCCO, D SOLE, M MALLOZI, C NASPITZ, C JACOB, N WANDALSEN, S PASSETI, J FRANCO, S SJOLANDER, M POORAFSHAR
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
CASE OF EXCESSIVE HYPODERMIC USE OF MORPHIA. THREE HUNDRED NEEDLES REMOVED FROM THE BODY OF AN INSANE WOMAN
Authors: Judson B. Andrews
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1872)

ExcessiveUse of M n'phia.* From the subsequent history of the patient, especially while in the asylum, we are led to believe that these attacks of delirium took place at menstrual periods.
Interleukin-6 and RANTES in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Marina Noris, Erica Daina, Sara Gamba, Samantha Bonazzola, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —In patients with Takayasu arteritis, circulating lymphocytes are activated, and histological findings indicate that cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the pathogenetic sequence leading to vascular lesions. Methods and Results —To delineate the profile of inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines involved in T-cell activation in Takayasu arteritis, we measured by ELISA serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and RANTES in 18 patients. Subsequently, we wanted to establish whether any of these molecules could be used as a marker to monitor the clinical course of the disease and to predict disease exacerbations. We found that all patients with Takayasu arteritis studied during an active phase of the disease have increased serum concentration of IL-6 compared with healthy control subjects ( P &lt;0.01). Enhanced IL-6 serum levels paralleled disease activity to the extent that its serum concentrations were comparable to those of control subjects when patients were studied in remission. RANTES concentrations were also higher than normal in the serum of all patients with Takayasu arteritis ( P &lt;0.01) studied during an active phase of the disease. RANTES serum levels tended to normalize in remission, but values remained higher than those of control subjects ( P &lt;0.05). In contrast, serum concentrations of IL-1β were below the detection limit of ELISA in both healthy subjects and all patients with Takayasu arteritis. A positive correlation was found between either IL-6 (ρ=0.705, P &lt;0.01) or RANTES (ρ=0.607, P &lt;0.05) serum level and disease activity. Conclusions —The close correlation of serum IL-6 and RANTES levels with disease activity suggests that these cytokines contribute to vasculitic lesions in Takayasu arteritis and raises the possibility that their monitoring in serum helps clinicians find adequate treatment adjustments in individual patients.
Adjustment of insulin doses of diabetic patients during long distance flights.
Authors: T Sane, V A Koivisto, P Nikkanen, R Pelkonen
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum is an uncommon but dramatic surgical emergency.In areas with a high incidence of hepatoma it often results from rupture of the tumour.'Control of bleeding in such patients is often difficult, and the mortality is high.' 2 We report on three patients with ruptured hepatoma who were successfully treated by injection of alcohol. Case reportsCase I-A 60 year old woman had a laparotomy for severe abdominal pain and shock, at which 2 litres of blood was drained from the peritoneal cavity.The liver was cirrhotic with an extensive nodular tumour encasing the porta hepatis.The tumour had ruptured with brisk bleeding from a 3 cm crater.Absolute alcohol (20 ml) was injected directly into the crater.The area blanched immediately, and the bleeding stopped.The postoperative period was uneventful except that she had a swinging fever for five days.She was discharged on the eighth postoperative day.She remained well for 10 months but died 14 months after surgery of extensive hepatoma.Case 2-A 27 year old man presented with severe epigastric pain, shock, and peritonism.Laparotomy showed a 10 cm tumour at the dome of the right lobe of the liver.It had ruptured and was bleeding; 2 -5 litres of blood was drained from the peritoneal cavity.There was also a 5 cm tumour in the left lobe.Alcohol (50 ml) was injected into the ruptured tumour.Bleeding was controlled.He had low grade fever for five days postoperatively and was discharged on the eighth postoperative day.He died seven weeks later of disseminated carcinomatosis and liver failure.Case 3-A 53 year old man who was known to have a hepatoma suddenly developed severe abdominal pain and shock.At laparotomy an 8 cm ruptured hepatoma with profuse bleeding was found.The liver was severely cirrhotic.Ligation of the hepatic artery slowed but did not stop the bleeding.Absolute alcohol (40 ml) was injected into the lesion, and the haemor- rhage stopped.He had swinging fever and a tachy- cardia for two days after the operation.He was discharged 21 days after operation.There was no evidence of rebleeding.He returned with disseminated carcinomatosis four weeks later and died seven weeks after the episode of bleeding.