tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Paediatric Surgery
Authors: William B. Kiesewetter
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This is a remarkably fine volume in a field that has seen rather rapid change over the past decade. The editor is well qualified to draw together the comments on changes in the various fields of children's surgery. The book shows that there is really very little difference between the practice of this specialty in America and in our sister country of Great Britain. One of the great merits is that Dr. Wilkinson has drawn heavily upon the British literature for his comments and bibliography, making the volume particularly valuable to American readers. The early chapter on clinical genetics opens up a field which has come to the fore only in the last five to eight years. Dr. Wilkinson's own treatment of neonatal metabolism is exceptionally good, since this is his field of special interest. The handling of the commonly accepted subjects in abdominal surgery, such as intussusception, intestinal obstruction,
P2-12-16: HER2 Expression Is the Major Risk Factor for Recurrence in pT1a-b,N0 Breast Cancer: A French Regional Population-Based Study of 671 Patients.
Authors: P Rouanet, JP Daures, P Roger, A Mathieu, G Romieu, J Cretin, G Barneon, M Granier, A Maran-Gonzalez, S Thibault, F Boissiere, F Bibeau
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: To evaluate the prognostic impact of HER2 overexpression in patients with pT1a-b, node negative, breast cancers. Patients and Methods: A population of1127 patients whose diseases were staged as pT 1a-b, pN0 and who were treated in the Languedoc-Roussillon (ONCO LR Southern French regional network) from 1999 to 2004, was identified. 95% of patients had conservative management, no patient received adjuvant trastuzumab, 5% received chemotherapy and 80% anti-estrogen endocrine therapy. HER 2 status was retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry in 671 patients (122 pT1a/549 pT1b). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-free survival (DFS). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between HER2 status and disease-free survival adjusting on variables significantly linked to it. Results: 9-year Overall survival was 95%. HER2 overexpression (3+) was observed in 5.2% of the patients (n=35). HER2 3+ category was most frequently identified in the following sub groups: pT1a lesion (12.3% vs 3.6%; p: 0.0001), mastectomies (14% vs 4.4%; p:0.023), Grade 2–3 (91% vs 50%; p&amp;lt;0.0001), estrogen receptor (ER) negative (−) tumors (57% vs 30%; p&amp;lt;0.0001), progesterone receptor (PR) - tumors (74% vs 42%; p: 0.0002). HER2 3+ was less frequent with adjuvant hormonal treatment (43% vs 80%; p&amp;lt;0.0001). 33 relapse (5%) were observed with a median follow-up of 6.4 years (range, 0.3 to 9.9 years). The 5-year DFS rates were 78% and 95% in patients with HER2−positive and HER2−negative tumors, respectively (p:0.017). According to the immunohistochemical phenotype DFS5 were 95%, 94%, 85%, 73.6% for ER+/PR+/HER2− (n:502/75%), ER-/PR-/ HER2− (n:134/20%), ER+/PR+/HER2 3+ (n:15/2%) and ER-/PR-/ HER2 3+ tumors (n:20/3%), respectively (p:0.02). In univariate analysis, HER2 positive tumors (p:0.017), phenotype classification (p:0.02) and adjuvant treatment (p:0.013) were significant prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, only patients with HER2 3+ tumors had higher risks of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.41; 95% CI: [1.06−5.53]; p&amp;lt;0.05) than those with HER2 -tumors. Discussion: Node-negative, pT1a-b, breast cancer patients overexpressing HER2 have a significant risk of recurrence at 6 years median follow-up. In our series of small breast tumors, HER2 status seems to be a better prognostic factor than ER status. In patients with hormone receptor-positive diseases, HER2 positivity is associated with a worse DFS despite an anti-estrogen treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-16.
Abstract 1954: Synthesis and self-assembly of highly PEGylated dendron-coils: A potential nanocarrier platform
Authors: Ryan M. Pearson, Jin Woo Bae, Niladri Patra, Suhair Sunoqrot, Sayam Uddin, Lela Vukovic, Petr Kral, Seungpyo Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Dendron-based amphiphilic copolymers possess unique features such as well-defined structure, self-assembling capability, and precise controllability over functionalities and high hydrophilicity. To assess the ability of dendron-based copolymers for use in drug delivery, we have synthesized novel, highly PEGylated dendron-coils (PDC) with controlled hydrophilic-lipophilic ratios (HLs) ranging from 52:48 to 91:9. We then systematically compared their self-assembly properties with those of linear-block copolymer (LBC) counterparts at similar HLs. PDCs were synthesized via a multistep synthetic procedure. A hydroxyl-terminated generation 3 (G3) polyester dendron bearing a focal acetylene moiety was conjugated with poly(α-caprolactone) (PCL) by ‘click’ chemistry followed by PEGylation of the dendron surface with multiple methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) moieties. Four types of both PCL-G3-mPEG PDCs and PCL-mPEG LBCs with different block lengths were prepared and their structures were confirmed using 1H NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PDCs varied from 6.50 × 10-8 to 3.52 × 10-7 M. The CMC values of the LBCs were up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the PDCs at the same HLs demonstrating superior thermodynamic stability of PDC micelles. TEM images revealed that the PDCs formed spherical micelles with diameters less than 100 nm with narrow size distributions, which was further supported by dynamic light scattering measurements. To understand in molecular detail the differences in self-assembly between PDCs and LBCs we utilized atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Individual PDC copolymers were observed to adopt a stable conical shape in water, which is ideal for precise packing into spherical structures. Interestingly, the core was more completely covered by PEG in PDC micelles. The higher PEG surface coverage of PDC micelles may result in longer circulation half-lives due to decreased opsonization and enhanced accumulation at the therapeutic target site. Each micelle formulation was found to exhibit controlled release properties over 3 days using indomethacin as a model drug. PDCs exhibited no apparent toxicity up to concentrations as high as 100 μM evaluated by MTS assay. The low CMC of the PDCs at high HLs, controlled micelle morphologies, controlled release properties, and high PEG surface coverage all indicates their superiority over LBC counterparts. We expect PDCs to play a sizeable role in the future of targeted nanomedicine. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1954. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1954
More regulation is not the answer to poor care, ministers are told
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Leading NHS figures have urged the government not to burden the health service with more regulation in response to the Mid Staffordshire care scandal.

Frances Blunden, senior policy manager at the NHS Confederation, which represents most NHS organisations, said she was “deeply concerned” that ministers might “get hold of regulation as the solution” and that this could inadvertently harm the quality of care.

She said, “Changing regulation is disruptive and costs money. We need to be conscious of that in the current financial situation.”

Blunden said that the regulatory regime was “too remote” and that responsibility for improving quality had to rest with NHS organisations themselves, which needed to be …
Regulation of scavenger receptor, class B, type I, a high density lipoprotein receptor, in liver and steroidogenic tissues of the rat.
Authors: K T Landschulz, R K Pathak, A Rigotti, M Krieger, H H Hobbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) binds HDL and mediates the selective transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to cultured cells. The tissue distribution of SR-BI in mice suggests that this receptor may deliver HDL-cholesterol to the liver and to nonplacental steroidogenic tissues. To examine the role of SR-BI in vivo, we determined its tissue and cell type-specific expression pattern and regulation in rats. High levels of immunodetectable SR-BI were present in the adrenal gland, ovary, and liver. In pregnant animals, the mammary gland also expressed high levels of the protein. SR-BI was localized by immunofluorescence to the surfaces of steroidogenic cells in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal gland and to the corpus luteal cells of the ovary. High-dose estrogen treatment dramatically reduced SR-BI in the liver and increased SR-BI in the adrenal gland and corpus luteal cells of the ovary. These estrogen-induced increases in SR-BI in the adrenal gland and ovary were accompanied by enhanced in vivo uptake of fluorescent lipid from HDL. The administration of human chorionic gonadotropin induced a dramatic increase in SR-BI in the steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testes. These findings suggest that SR-BI mediates physiologically relevant uptake of cholesterol from HDL to nonplacental steroidogenic tissues in vivo.
Myelography and Myography
Authors: J. R. Oates
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent article by Kambin, Smith, and Hoerner in the Aug. 11 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181:</b>472) is egregiously misleading. One wonders why they chose the particular references used, as their "Review of Literature" is grossly incomplete. Knutsson's monograph, which is the most detailed study in the literature, is mentioned, but his findings are not given. He concluded that myelography and electromyography detected "level" (site) of discopathy with "largely equal frequency." His results, however, indicate that electromyography is superior to myelography in detecting root involvement. Shea's report of 94% positive EMG findings in 750 surgically proven cases of lumbosacral discopathy was also omitted. The authors' attempt to excuse their "low percentage of positive (EMG) reports . . . as compared with others" is specious: these "others" do not use 36 needle electrode insertions per muscle examined, either, as did Knutsson in his research.
Proposed Symbols for Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor
Authors: VICTOR J. MARDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986Proposed Symbols for Factor VIII and von Willebrand FactorVICTOR J. MARDER, M.D., HAROLD R. ROBERTS, M.D.VICTOR J. MARDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HAROLD R. ROBERTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-627_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Subcommittee on factor VIII and von Willebrand factor of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recently formulated nomenclature guidelines for these two proteins. In the past, considerable confusion has been engendered by the fact that the two proteins are associated with each other in the blood. To simplify the terminology and to improve meaningful communication between scientists, the committee has recently established guidelines for nomenclature and abbreviations (1), the essence of which are as follows.The proposed symbol for factor VIII protein is VIII; for factor VIII antigen, VIII:Ag; and for factor VIII activity, VIII:C....Reference1. MARDERMANNUCCIFIRKINHOYERMEYER VPBLD. Standard nomenclature for factor VIII and von Willebrand factor: a recommendation by the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost. 1985;54:871-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Subcommittee on Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor The International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Chapel Hill, NC 27514 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 627-627KeywordsAntigensBloodProteinsScientistsThrombosis Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Managing cleft lip and palate
Authors: T. Markus, P. W. Booth
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The management of cleft lips and palates, owing to their complex and protean nature, is often unsatisfactory. Worryingly, the two British centres in a recent study of six European centres had the worst results.1 A Medline search shows that over the past two years 25 publications have reported the results of cleft surgery: 16 from continental Europe, four from the United States, two from other countries, and one from Britain. This year's July/August issue of the German maxillofacial journal, Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Mund-Kiefer und Gesichtschirurgie, is almost entirely devoted to cleft lip and palate surgery. Why are British results …
Serial Studies of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow in Transplant Donors, Identical Twins, and Allografts.
Authors: William J. Flanigan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Serial Studies of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow in Transplant Donors, Identical Twins, and Allografts.William J. Flanigan, M.D., Robert O. Burns, M.D., Frank J. Takacs, M.D., F.A.C.P., John P. Merrill, M.D., F.A.C.P.William J. Flanigan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert O. Burns, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank J. Takacs, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John P. Merrill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1180_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerial studies of inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances were done on kidney transplant donors to determine the magnitude of the adaptive increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) that occur after unilateral nephrectomy. The results obtained in 24 donors have been compared with results of similar studies in 19 recipients, of which 7 were isografts (identical twins) and 12 were allografts. The results have been expressed as a percentage of the donor's prenephrectomy clearances. Average GFR and ERPF in the donor group during the first week after surgery were 67% and 65%, respectively, of the original... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Little Rock, Arkansas, and Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1180-1180KeywordsBlood plasmaGlomerular filtration rateMonozygotic twinsNephrectomyRenal transplantationSurgery Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Physicians’ Duties and the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: Tony Hope, John McMillan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

The non-identity problem arises when an intervention or behavior changes the identity of those affected. Delaying pregnancy is an example of such a behavior. The problem is whether and in what ways such changes in identity affect moral considerations. While a great deal has been written about the non-identity problem, relatively little has been written about the implications for physicians and how they should understand their duties. We argue that the non-identity problem can make a crucial moral difference in some circumstances, and that it has some interesting implications for when it is or is not right for a physician to refuse to accede to a patient's request. If a physician is asked to provide an intervention (identity preserving) that makes a person worse off, then such harm provides a good reason for the physician to refuse to provide the intervention. However, in cases where different (identity-altering) interventions result in different people having a better or worse life, physicians should normally respect patient choice.
A Phase I Study of the Dolastatin-15 Analogue Tasidotin (ILX651) Administered Intravenously Daily for 5 Consecutive Days Every 3 Weeks in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Scot Ebbinghaus, Eric Rubin, Evan Hersh, Lee D. Cranmer, Peter L. Bonate, Robert J. Fram, Antti Jekunen, Steve Weitman, Lisa A. Hammond
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of the dolastatin-15 analogue, tasidotin (ILX651), when administered i.v. daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. Experimental Design: Thirty-six patients with advanced solid tumors received a total of 114 courses through eight dose levels ranging from 2.3 to 36.3 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected in cycle 1. Results: Neutropenia was the principal dose-limiting toxicity at 36.3 mg/m2/d along with grade 3 ileus and elevated aspartate amino transaminase/alanine amino transaminase (n = 1). At the maximum tolerated dose, 27.3 mg/m2, 4 of 14 patients experienced dose-limiting grade 4 neutropenia. The other principal toxicities consisted of mild-to-moderate elevated transaminases, alopecia, fatigue, and nausea. One patient with melanoma metastatic to liver and bone treated at 15.4 mg/m2/d experienced a complete response and received 20 courses of tasidotin. Two other patients with melanoma had mixed responses of cutaneous metastases at 27.3 mg/m2/d associated with either stable or progressive visceral disease. In addition, nine patients had stable disease. There was no accumulation of tasidotin following repeated daily dosing. Tasidotin decayed from plasma in a biphasic fashion with a half-life of &amp;lt;45 minutes in most cases. Conclusion: The maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose for tasidotin when administered on this schedule was 27.3 mg/m2/d. The favorable toxicity profile of tasidotin compared with other antitubulin agents (particularly the lack of severe cumulative neuropathy, peripheral edema, and fatigue), the observed antitumor activity of tasidotin, and its novel mechanism of action support further disease-directed evaluations of this agent on this 5-day schedule every 3 weeks.
Use of Sedation During Cardioversion With the Implantable Atrial Defibrillator
Authors: Carl Timmermans, Ashish Nabar, Luz-Maria Rodriguez, Gregory Ayers, Hein J. J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The low shock energy used during internal atrial defibrillation may decrease the need for sedation during defibrillation with an implantable atrial defibrillator.The atrial defibrillator (Metrix Atrioverter) was implanted in 12 patients. During the in-hospital treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes, intravenous sedation was given only on patient request. The Atrioverter was programmed for ambulatory therapy in 4 patients. Efficacy, number of shocks delivered, and sedation requirements were recorded. A total of 393 shocks (1.8+/-1. 6 shocks/AF episode) were delivered to treat 213 AF episodes; 85 of 213 AF episodes (40%) were treated away from the hospital. Sinus rhythm was restored in 195 AF episodes (92%). Five patients never requested sedation. No sedation was needed for ambulatory-treated AF episodes. During the treatment of 26 of 213 AF episodes (12%), 75 shocks were delivered after patients received sedation. The number of shocks required to treat an AF episode determined the need for sedation (4.3+/-2.1 shocks for AF episodes requiring sedation versus 2+/-1 shocks for AF episodes requiring no sedation; P<0.001). These additional shocks were needed to treat immediate reinitiation of AF (14 episodes) or initial failure to cardiovert (4 episodes). For 8 AF episodes, sedation was requested before the first shock.This study suggests that, in a selected group of patients, AF can be treated with Atrioverter therapy without sedation. Successful ambulatory treatment of AF episodes with the Atrioverter, programmed to deliver </=2 shocks, did not require sedation. When multiple shocks were required to treat an AF episode, the need for sedation increased and included patients initially not requesting sedation.
Personality Characteristics of Servicemen Returned from Viet Nam Identified as Heroin Abusers
Authors: PETER T. HAMPTON, DONALD B. VOGEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The psychiatric characteristics of a sample of Army enlisted men returning from Viet Nam identified as heroin abusers were examined by means of psychological testing. Marked heterogeneity of psychological test types was noted. The four most common diagnostic classfications were normal, conduct disorder, abnormal but of indeterminate diagnosis, and psychosis. In comparison with studies describing civilian addicts, the results of this study suggest less psychopathology and a lower incidence of sociopathy in these military drug abusers.
Renal complications of childhood type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jean-Claude Carel, Claire Levy-Marchal
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Are correlated with glycated haemoglobin, so tight control is needed from the start

The primary goal of managing childhood type 1 diabetes is to prevent or delay retinal and renal microvascular complications. Because lesions are silent for a long time,1 glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations are used as a surrogate measure of the adequacy of treatment to avoid diabetic complications. Most of our knowledge of the relation between control of diabetes and the risk of renal complications of diabetes comes from data in adults and adolescents, so it is important to have a precise evaluation of the risk in children.

In the accompanying paper, Amin and colleagues report on the risk of diabetic renal disease in the Oxford regional prospective study, a population based cohort study of children with type 1 diabetes.2 The prevalence of microalbuminuria was about 25% and 50% after 10 and 20 years of diabetes, respectively. The natural course of microalbuminuria was such that about half of patients reverted at least transiently to normoalbuminuria and 13% progressed to macroalbuminuria. The study answers important questions for those …
Differential effects of cAMP and protein kinase A on sacroplasmic reticulum Ca2+uptake in falling and nonfalling human myocardium
Authors: Ulrich Schmidt, Roger J. Hajjar, Robert H.G. Schwinger, Udo Bavendiek, Thomas G. DiSalvo, Marc J. Semigran, G.William Dec, Judith K. Gwathmey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Focal Defect Due to Renal Impression in Anterior Liver Imaging
Authors: U YUN RYO, ASLAM SIDDIQUI, HA YONG YUM, STEVEN M. PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

An area of reduced radioactivity in the right lobe of the liver when imaged in the anterior position, may be associated with a pressure defect from a normal right kidney. Such an abnormality may be further clarified and identified by repeat hepatic imaging in other positions and by performing combined liver-kidney imaging.