tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uncommon Orbital Bone Infarctions in a Sickle Cell Anemia Patient
Authors: A KOREN (KURLAT), I GARTY, M BEN-AMI, E KATZUNI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Vaso-occlusive crises of large bones are one of the most common clinical characteristics of sickle cell anemia (SCA). They must be differentiated from osteomyelitis, at early stages, in order to institute the appropriate treatment. Tc-99m MDP bone scanning may establish the correct diagnosis. The skull is an uncommon site of bone infarction in the SCA patients. A child suffering from SCA was admitted with lower back pain and fever. Twenty-four hours after admission, bilateral palpebral swelling and hematoma was noted (Fig. 1, left). A Tc-99m MDP bone scan was performed. Decreased uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in both orbita (Fig. 2A), and in the third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae (Fig. 3A) was demonstrated and interpreted as multiple bone infarctions in those areas. The periorbitai edema and hematoma resolved at the end of the first week (Fig. 1, right). A follow-up bone scanning performed after 12 days revealed an increased uptake in the periorbitai bones (Fig. 2B).
An Outbreak of Hepatitis Bina Dental Practice
Authors: STEPHEN C. HADLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

In September 1978, cases of hepatitis B in two patients treated by the same dentist led to investigation of a dental practice in Baltimore, Maryland. The dentist had had acute hepatitis B in June 1978 and had remained positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen over the ensuing 6 months. He had continued to work while infected, wearing surgical gloves to minimize the risk of transmitting infection. Serologic follow-up of 764 patients showed that a total of six patients, three of whom were symptomatic, had developed hepatitis B infection after dental treatment. All six were among a group of 395 patients treated before the dentist began wearing gloves. In this group, patients having highly traumatic dental work (attack rate 6.9%) were at significantly higher risk than patients having either less traumatic work (attack rate 0.5%) or nontraumatic work (attack rate = 0, 0,p < 0.02). None of 369 patients treated only when the dentist wore gloves became infected, suggesting that gloves could reduce the risk of virus transmission by the dentist.
IS THE ASTHMATIC PATIENT A GOOD SURGICAL RISK?
Authors: FRED W. GAARDE
Journal: JAMA (1942)

As it is often necessary to subject patients with asthma to major surgical procedures, it is of interest and importance to know the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and the apparent mortality risk in such a group. Therefore a study was made reviewing 189 consecutive cases of allergic asthma and asthmatic bronchitis in which major operations were performed at the Mayo Clinic between July 1934 and September 1940. The series consisted of 101 cases of predominantly allergic asthma and 88 of asthmatic bronchitis. The major surgical procedures carried out in our cases of asthma varied greatly. In considering postoperative complications, only pulmonary complications were included in this study. In 25 (13.2 per cent) of the 189 cases some form of pulmonary complication (including severe asthma) developed after operation, as shown in the table. There were 10 cases of postoperative pneumonia (5.3 per cent), 9 of severe asthma (4.8 per cent),
Medical students do not think they have authority to advise patients to stop smoking
Authors: Y. Mochizuki, D. While, A. Charlton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We wish to report a study of the prevalence of smoking among medical students at the University of Manchester Medical School and the students' attitudes towards advising patients to stop smoking. Self administered questionnaires were completed by 621 undergraduate medical students (292 men and 329 women; response rate 57%) from all five years of the medical course. The anonymous questionnaires were distributed to first, second, and third year students during a class; completed during breaks between lectures; and collected at the end of the teaching session. The questionnaires were posted to …
Medical Science and Human Goals
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Professor Nossal is a prominent research director from Melbourne who, from a lifetime in politics, administration, and immunology, has gathered his most interesting anecdotes and personal insights relating to medical research. The author wanted to explain bioscience not to physicians but to nonscientists as a prescribed part of their education. He is concerned because communication between the medical scientist and the layman remains poor. Knowledge of scientific research can be personally enriching but, he said, "modern science has become very expensive, and the layman who supports it financially has a right to accurate information." Nossal tells mostly of the Australian and British successes in medical research, explaining little of the recent politics and sciences of the United States. His rather slow, professorial style is excellent for teaching undergraduates who are accustomed to history and English but not to immunology. The better sections, reflecting his own work, deal with immunization, organ
847 ACH-2684 DEMONSTRATES POTENT VIRAL SUPPRESSION IN GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CIRRHOSIS: SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETIC, AND VIRAL KINETIC ANALYSIS
Authors: E. Lawitz, J. Hill, B. Vince, A. Murillo, D. Gruener, T. Marbury, M. Demicco, A. Agarwal, H. Robison, M. Huang, L. Robarge, J. Hui, E. Olek, M. Deshpande, H. Kocinsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 1583: New strategy for the identification of breast cancer antigens that induce therapeutic immune responses in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Edward P. Cohen, Tae Sung Kim, Amla Chopra, InSug O-Sullivan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract This study describes a unique strategy designed to identify breast cancer antigens (TAA) that induce therapeutic immune responses in tumor-bearing mice. In a mouse model, the strategy led to the identification of growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10) as a newly identified TAA. Grb10 is a signal transduction molecule associated with multiple transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors. It was discovered by comparing microarrays of cellular breast cancer vaccines highly enriched for cells that induced breast cancer immunity with non-enriched vaccines. The vaccines were prepared by transferring a cDNA expression library derived from SB5b cells, a breast cancer cell line derived from a neoplasm that arose spontaneously in the mammary gland of a C3H/He mouse into LM cells, a mouse fibroblast cell line. As the transferred cDNA integrates spontaneously into the genome of the recipient cells, replicates as the cells divide, and is expressed, the vaccine could be prepared from a little as 10 micrograms of tumor tissue. Relatively few cells in the transfected cell population, however, incorporated cDNA fragments that included genes specifying TAA. (The vast majority specified normal cellular constituents.) A unique strategy was developed, therefore, to enrich the vaccine for immunotherapeutic cells. Comparative microarrays of enriched and non-enriched vaccines resulted in the identification of twenty overrepresented genes. One, the gene for Grb10, was approximately 100-fold overrepresented. To determine if Grb10 in the enriched vaccine was partly responsible for its therapeutic benefits, the gene was incorporated into an expression plasmid that was then transfected into the fibroblast cell line, which was then used as a vaccine. Mice with established breast cancer treated solely by immunization with the fibroblasts modified to express Grb10 developed robust immunity to the breast cancer cells, which, in some instances, was sufficient to result in tumor rejection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1583. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1583
Administration of Antitoxin.
Authors: J. V. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Fairfield, Iowa, Dec. 5, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the occasional fatal effects of diphtheria antitoxin and the rapidity with which death occurs in these cases, I would suggest the advisability of dividing the administration of the desired dose into several stages at intervals of several minutes between the stages, giving but a fraction of the entire dose at each stage. Tentatively I propose one-fourth, or less, of the intended dose at each stage of the injection, letting an interval of five or preferably ten minutes elapse between the stages of the injection. I do not conceive it would be desirable to withdraw the syringe and re-introduce it when interstages are not longer than ten minutes, but the needle can remain introduced until the injection of the entire dose is effected. In case dying from the antitoxin, fatal collapse has usually resulted within five minutes from the time
Abstract 770: Overcoming Trastuzumab resistance with the novel pan-erbb inhibitor AZD8931
Authors: Banujan Balachandran, Catherine Chabot, Sophie Hamel, Carmel T. Chan, Susan Kane, Marguerite Buchanan, Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha, Mark Basik
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Approximately 15-20% of all invasive breast carcinomas overexpress the HER-2 receptor, a membrane surface-bound receptor tyrosine kinase upstream of critical proliferation and cell survival pathways. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of HER-2, has proven to be a beneficial treatment for patients diagnosed as HER-2+, but does have its limitations. A majority of advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer patients will develop resistance to the therapy within the first year while many others do not respond to the drug when used alone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AZD8931, a reversible pan-ERBB inhibitor that equipotently inhibits the tyrosine kinase-activity of EGFR, HER-2, and HER-3, could reverse this resistance in established trastuzumab-resistant BT474 and SKBR3 cell lines. To account for tumor heterogeneity in HER-2+ tumors, response to AZD8931 was examined in both ER-positive (BT474) and ER-negative (SKBR3) cell lines. Proliferation assays were used to assess the efficacy of AZD8931 alone and in combination with trastuzumab. Results showed significantly diminished cell growth in all tested cell lines, including those resistant to trastuzumab, at clinically relevant concentrations of AZD8931 (&amp;lt;2µM). Furthermore, when AZD8931 was tested in conjunction with trastuzumab, the resistance to trastuzumab was reversed using clinically relevant doses of trastuzumab. Using combination indices, it was found that AZD8931 synergizes well with trastuzumab and could be used as a combination therapy for both trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer patients. Western blot analyses confirmed the results of cell proliferation assays as p-EGFR, p-HER-2, p-HER-3, p-Akt, and p-MAPK, were all reduced after treatment with AZD8931. Thus, AZD8931 alone or in combination with trastuzumab may be an effective therapy in HER2+ breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 770. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-770
Hemoglobinuria with Malaria
Authors: Martin Tombe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An otherwise healthy 30-year-old man had been ill for 2 days when he presented with a temperature of 39°C and reported passing dark urine (his case was noted in Bhatt et al., East African Medical Journal 1994;71:755-7). He reported taking no medication before coming to the hospital. Laboratory evaluation on admission was notable for a hemoglobin level of 7.6 g per deciliter, a serum urea nitrogen level of 4.8 mmol per liter (0.13 mg per deciliter), and a creatinine level of 89 μmol per liter (1.0 mg per deciliter). The total bilirubin level was 15 μmol per liter (0.88 mg . . .
Effect of inhaled budesonide on bronchial reactivity to histamine, exercise, and eucapnic dry air hyperventilation in patients with asthma.
Authors: A S Vathenen, A J Knox, A Wisniewski, A E Tattersfield
Journal: Thorax (1991)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that inhaled corticosteroids may provide greater protection against constrictor stimuli that act indirectly such as exercise than those that act directly such as histamine. METHODS: The effects of six weeks treatment with inhaled budesonide (800 micrograms twice daily) on bronchial reactivity to histamine, exercise, and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation of dry air were compared in a double blind, placebo controlled, non-crossover study in 40 subjects with asthma. Change in bronchial reactivity to histamine and eucapnic hyperventilation over the six weeks was measured as change in the provocative dose of histamine or dry air causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20 histamine and PV20 eucapnic hyperventilation (EVH) of dry air); this was not possible for exercise because of the development of refractoriness. To enable the change in response to all three stimuli to be compared, the response (percent fall in FEV1) to a fixed dose was measured for all three challenge tests. RESULTS: After budesonide there was an increase in PD20 histamine from 0.48 to 2.81 mumol and in PV20 EVH from 364 to 639 litres, and a significant correlation between the changes in PD20 histamine and PV20 EVH (r = 0.63). The median percentage fall in FEV1 in response to eucapnic hyperventilation, exercise, and histamine was similar before budesonide (25.5%, 26.6%, and 24.5%); the reduction in the percentage fall in FEV1 with budesonide was also similar for the three challenges (18.9%, 17.5%, and 16.6%), and all differed significantly from the changes following placebo. There was a significant correlation between change in percentage fall in FEV1 after budesonide with the three stimuli (histamine v exercise: r = 0.48; histamine v eucapnic hyperventilation: r = 0.46; exercise v eucapnic hyperventilation: r = 0.63). CONCLUSION: The similar magnitude of change in bronchial reactivity to all three stimuli after budesonide and the within subject correlation obtained between these changes suggest that corticosteroids act by a common mechanism to protect against eucapnic hyperventilation, exercise, and histamine.
Effects and side-effects of 8-inethoxypsoralen-blacklight-therapy in more than 1500 patients
Authors: Gerhard Weber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Effects and side‐effects of 8‐inethoxypsoralen‐blacklight‐therapy in more than 1500 patients Get access Gerhard Weber Gerhard Weber Skin Clinic of City Hospital Nuernberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue s14, 1 December 1976, Page 21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07893.x Published: 01 December 1976
<i>WNT1</i> Mutations in Early-Onset Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Christine M. Laine, Kyu Sang Joeng, Philippe M. Campeau, Riku Kiviranta, Kati Tarkkonen, Monica Grover, James T. Lu, Minna Pekkinen, Maija Wessman, Terhi J. Heino, Vappu Nieminen-Pihala, Mira Aronen, Tero Laine, Heikki Kröger, William G. Cole, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Lisette Nevarez, Deborah Krakow, Cynthia J.R. Curry, Daniel H. Cohn, Richard A. Gibbs, Brendan H. Lee, Outi Mäkitie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

This report identifies human skeletal diseases associated with mutations in WNT1. In 10 family members with dominantly inherited, early-onset osteoporosis, we identified a heterozygous missense mutation in WNT1, c.652T→G (p.Cys218Gly). In a separate family with 2 siblings affected by recessive osteogenesis imperfecta, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation, c.884C→A, p.Ser295*. In vitro, aberrant forms of the WNT1 protein showed impaired capacity to induce canonical WNT signaling, their target genes, and mineralization. In mice, Wnt1 was clearly expressed in bone marrow, especially in B-cell lineage and hematopoietic progenitors; lineage tracing identified the expression of the gene in a subset of osteocytes, suggesting the presence of altered cross-talk in WNT signaling between the hematopoietic and osteoblastic lineage cells in these diseases.
Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine
Authors: James P. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The first steps toward scientific medicine were taken around 2000 years ago when the stock of folklore about the curative properties of various substances and rituals was gradually classified. One of the earliest pharmacopoeias (ie, catalogs of medicines) was compiled by the Greek physician, pharmacist, and pharmacologist Dioscorides (ca AD 40-80). Dioscorides' classic pharmacopoeia,<i>De Materia Medica</i>, included detailed descriptions of and information on the preparation, specific indications, doses, and administration of medicines derived from plant, animal, and mineral sources during his and earlier centuries. The impact of this volume was so great that Dioscorides remained the leading authority on drugs through ensuing centuries until the dawning of "scientific" medicine and pharmacology in the 1700s and 1800s. John Riddle, the author of<i>Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine</i>, is an eminent medical historian who provides what the reader might expect from the title of this book: a detailed accounting of the
CLINICAL STUDIES ON PYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B6)
Authors: James Flexner, Maurice R. Chassin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1941)

The isolation (1), synthesis (2) and physiological significance (3 to 9) of pyridoxine1 in animal nutrition have recently been established.Clinical studies have not been very extensive.Spies and his collaborators (10) have noted that certain residual symptoms (i.e., insomnia, irri- tability, weakness, difficulty in walking and ab- dominal pain) in treated pellagrins responded to pyridoxine therapy.In a case of arsenical neu- ritis, Vilter (11) commented on the rapid remis- sion when pyridoxine was added to the already instituted therapy.He also observed an exacer- bation when pyridoxine was discontinued.Smith and Martin (12) successfully treated three out of four patients suffering with cheilosis.In the fourth patient the addition of liver extract brought relief.These investigators state that deficiency of either riboflavin or pyridoxine may be the etio- logical factor primarily responsible for cheilosis or that both together are necessary in maintaining the integrity of the mucocutaneous junction.An- topol (13) noted improvement in a group of patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dys- trophy when pyridoxine was administered.Les- sening in rigidity and improvement in muscle strength were noted in a group of patients suffer- ing with Parkinsonism after the use of pyridoxine (14, 15).This improvement was observed par- ticularly in early cases of senile Parkinson's disease.There have been isolated reports indicating favorable response to pyridoxine therapy in both macrocytic (16) and microcytic (12) anemias.Kark and his associates (17), however, after studying the responses of six anemic patients fol- lowing pyridoxine administration, did not observe any improvement in the hematological picture.Recently, Scudi and his co-workers (18) re- ported a colorimetric test for the determination of
599 TRANSDUCTION OF ADENOVIRUS ENCODING DOMINANT-NEGATIVE SOLUBLE PDGFRβ IMPROVES SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS, PORTAL PRESSURE AND HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN RATS CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH CCL4
Authors: G. Fernández-Varo, V. Reichenbach, J. Ros, R. Weiskirchen, G. Casals, P. Melgar-Lesmes, M. Morales-Ruiz, W. Jiménez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Standardized comparison of glucose intolerance in west African-origin populations of rural and urban Cameroon, Jamaica, and Caribbean migrants to Britain.
Authors: J C Mbanya, J K Cruickshank, T Forrester, B Balkau, J Y Ngogang, L Riste, A Forhan, N M Anderson, F Bennett, R Wilks
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of glucose intolerance in genetically similar African-origin populations within Cameroon and from Jamaica and Britain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects studied were from rural and urban Cameroon or from Jamaica, or were Caribbean migrants, mainly Jamaican, living in Manchester, England. Sampling bases included a local census of adults aged 25-74 years in Cameroon, districts statistically representative in Jamaica, and population registers in Manchester. African-Caribbean ethnicity required three grandparents of this ethnicity. Diabetes was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1985 criteria using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (2-h &amp;gt; or = 11.1 mmol/l or hypoglycemic treatment) and by the new American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting glucose &amp;gt; or = 7.0 mmol/l or hypoglycemic treatment). RESULTS: For men, mean BMIs were greatest in urban Cameroon and Manchester (25-27 kg/m2); in women, these were similarly high in urban Cameroon and Jamaica and highest in Manchester (27-28 kg/m2). The age-standardized diabetes prevalence using WHO criteria was 0.8% in rural Cameroon, 2.0% in urban Cameroon, 8.5% in Jamaica, and 14.6% in Manchester, with no difference between sexes (men: 1.1%, 1.0%, 6.5%, 15.3%, women: 0.5%, 2.8%, 10.6%, 14.0%), all tests for trend P &amp;lt; 0.001. Impaired glucose tolerance was more frequent in Jamaica. CONCLUSIONS: The transition in glucose intolerance from Cameroon to Jamaica and Britain suggests that environment determines diabetes prevalence in these populations of similar genetic origin.
Diagnosis of Intercritical Gout
Authors: James R. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters16 May 2000Diagnosis of Intercritical GoutJames R. Johnson, MDJames R. Johnson, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417 (Johnson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The high prevalence of intra-articular urate crystals in synovial fluid obtained from previously gouty joints during the intercritical period, as reported by Pascual and colleagues (1), has potentially important implications beyond those discussed by the authors. The data suggest that in a patient with acute arthritis involving a joint previously affected by gout, the finding of urate crystals on arthrocentesis is largely uninformative with respect to the cause of the present attack; the crystals presumably would have been present regardless of the presence or absence of acute inflammation, whatever its cause. Thus, when septic arthritis is part ...Reference1. Pascual E, Batlle-Gualda E, Martínez A, Rosas J, Vela P. Synovial fluid analysis for diagnosis of intercritical gout. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:756-9. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James R. Johnson, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417 (Johnson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSynovial Fluid Analysis for Diagnosis of Intercritical Gout Eliseo Pascual , Enrique Batlle-Gualda , Agustín Martínez , José Rosas , and Paloma Vela Diagnosis of Intercritical Gout Eliseo Pascual , Enrique Batlle-Gualda , and Agustín Martínez Metrics Cited byDiagnostic Procedures in the Management of Gout 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10Page: 843KeywordsAntimicrobialsArthritisGoutInflammationSynovial fluidUric acid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...