tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Congestive Heart Failure Following Aorta Constriction in Rabbits
Authors: NATALIE ALEXANDER, LERNER B. HINSHAW, DOUGLAS R. DRURY, Marjorie DeCuir
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Severe constriction of the abdominal aorta in rabbits caused congestive heart failure and death in 4 to 7 days. Expansion of total plasma volume suggested that aortic narrowing increases the vascular bed distal to the stricture. Reduction of total body fluids did not prevent total plasma volume expansion, unless it caused severe dehydration. A large percentage of dietary sodium was retained. Expansion of extraccilular volume occurred even when sodium intake was reduced. The early, gradual post-operative rise in arterial pressure probably depends, in part, on development of an effective circulating plasma volume. A tentative answer is given to the question of what factors determine the exact time that heart failure will occur.
Active vitamin D3 does not suppress recruitment of G0 cells following injury
Authors: M.G.J. BOKHOVEN, S. MARE, B.M. CZARNETZKI, P.E.J. ERP, J.B.M. BOEZEMAN, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

The effect of topically applied active vitamin D3 on epidermal regeneration was studied in eight healthy volunteers following sellotape stripping. The mobilization of resting (Go) cells was assessed by means of DNA flow cytometry, using a narrow window in the mid-S phase to monitor the progress of the recruited cells. Although vitamin D3 was applied at a concentration exceeding the range reported to be effective in psoriasis, we were unable to find any effect of active vitamin D3 on Go mobilization in vivo.
ASSOCIATION OF LACTOFERRIN WITH SPECIFIC GRANULES IN RABBIT HETEROPHIL LEUKOCYTES
Authors: M. Baggiolini, C. de Duve, P. L. Masson, J. F. Heremans
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Lactoferrin has been identified in rabbit heterophil leukocytes on the basis of its immunological reactivity, electrophoretic mobility, acid-resistant iron-binding properties, and spectral characteristics. Leukocyte lactoferrin was found to be exclusively localized in the specific (secondary) granules, which have been resolved from other subcellular components by zonal differential centrifugation and by isopycnic equilibration.
Activation of neuronal P2X7 receptor–pannexin-1 mediates death of enteric neurons during colitis
Authors: Brian D Gulbransen, Mohammad Bashashati, Simon A Hirota, Xianyong Gui, Jane A Roberts, Justin A MacDonald, Daniel A Muruve, Derek M McKay, Paul L Beck, Gary M Mawe, Roger J Thompson, Keith A Sharkey
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Sublingual Immunotherapy For Hazelnut Food Allergy: A Long-term Efficacy, Tolerability And Safety Survey
Authors: F PINEDA, E ENRIQUE, T MALEK, J BARTRA, M BASAGANA, R TELLA, J CASTELLO, R ALONSO, J DEMATEO, T CERDATRIAS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Evolving Picture of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Benedict F. Massell, Francisco Amezcua, Salvatore Pelargonio
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THEHOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN, now a division of the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston, was one of the first institutions in the US to specialize in the problem of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease ( RHD). Patients with these conditions were accepted for care almost from the time the hospital opened its doors in 1861. By 1921 several wards were devoted entirely to patients with rheumatic fever, chorea, and rheumatic heart disease and in 1931 the entire hospital was given over to the treatment and study of rheumatic fever and related diseases. Buried in the records of the hospital is a vast store of clinical information. Some of it has already been used, but much remains to be analyzed and evaluated. In order to utilize the available material as effectively as possible, we began to apply to this problem some of the newer data processing methods and
Assessing and Strengthening African Universities' Capacity for Doctoral Programmes
Authors: Imelda Bates, Richard Phillips, Ruby Martin-Peprah, Gibson Kibiki, Oumar Gaye, Kamija Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Sue Purnell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges and opportunities for improving health care in their societies.
Colorectal anatomy in adults at computed tomography colonography: normal distribution and the effect of age, sex, and body mass index
Authors: M. Khashab, P. Pickhardt, D. Kim, D. Rex
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is an accurate tool for assessing the large intestinal anatomy. Our aims were to determine the normal distribution of in vivo colorectal anatomy and to investigate the effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on colorectal length.Asymptomatic adults who underwent primary CTC examination at a single institution over an 8-month period were evaluated. The interactive three-dimensional map was used to determine total and segmental lengths and number of acute-angle flexures. The two-dimensional multiplanar display was used to measure luminal diameters. The effects of age, sex, and BMI on colorectal lengths were examined.The study cohort consisted of 505 consecutive adults (266 women, mean age 56.6 years). Mean total colorectal length was 189.5 +/- 26.3 cm and mean number of acute-angle flexures was 10.9 +/- 2.4. Total length for older adults (> 60 years) did not significantly differ from those who were younger than 60 years ( P = 0.22), although the transverse colon was significantly longer in older adults ( P = 0.04). Women had significantly longer colons than men (193.3 cm vs. 185.4 cm, P = 0.002), whereas overweight adults (BMI > 25) had significantly shorter colons compared with those with BMI <or= 25 (187.2 cm vs. 194.5 cm, P = 0.005). Differences in total length were predominately due to differences in the transverse colon.Our results define the normal distribution of colorectal anatomy in an asymptomatic adult cohort, and may help to facilitate both colonoscopy training efforts and design of novel endoscopic devices. The transverse colon was the major determinant in length differences according to age, sex, and BMI, and was significantly longer in older adults, women, and thinner adults, respectively.
Serum growth hormone levels and size of pituitary tumour in untreated acromegaly
Authors: A. D. Wright, M. S. F. McLachlan, F. H. Doyle, T. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Serum levels of growth hormone were measured in 84 untreated acromegalic patients. The range of mean level during a glucose tolerance test was 8 to 1,860 ng./ml. and was lognormally distributed. Mean level was reproducible and correlated moderately well with maximum sellar area on lateral tomography. The hormone level was more responsive to oral glucose and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with smaller tumours. Attention is drawn to limitations of plain radiographs in assessing the size of a pituitary tumour. Suprasellar tumour extensions may be present in patients without visual field defects.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection and Labrea Hepatitis
Authors: Gilberta Bensabath
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To define more exactly the epidemiology of delta virus infection and confirm its role in causing fulminant Labrea hepatitis in the Amazon Basin, we studied the prevalence of delta virus infection among persons with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Boca do Acre district of the southern Amazon Basin. Delta virus infection was found in 24% of asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers, 29% of acute nonfulminant hepatitis B cases, 74% of fulminant hepatitis B cases, and 100% of chronic hepatitis B cases. Chronic delta virus infection occurred primarily in older children and adults, while acute and fulminant delta virus infection occurred in young children as well. In fulminant hepatitis cases, delta virus superinfection of hepatitis B virus carriers was the most common serological pattern; histopathologic examination showed features identical to those described in fulminant hepatitis cases of similar etiology in Colombia and Venezuela. Delta virus infection is highly endemic in the southern Amazon Basin and is the principal cause of Labrea hepatitis.
GMC is ordered to pay doctor 22 000 after judge quashes panel's findings against her
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A hospital doctor who was suspended for 12 months by the General Medical Council for making dishonest statements in a job application has won a high court ruling quashing all seven findings of dishonesty.

In a damning judgment, Mr Justice Bean said that on one charge against Negin Shamsian there had been “a basic failure by the [GMC fitness to practise] panel to follow due process.” He described the panel’s reasoning on another charge as “most peculiar” and its findings on other charges as “flawed” and “unsound.”

Dr Shamsian, who qualified at Dundee University in 1999, submitted the application form and CV when …
Irinotecan Inactivation Is Modulated by Epigenetic Silencing of<i>UGT1A1</i>in Colon Cancer
Authors: Jean-François Gagnon, Olivier Bernard, Lyne Villeneuve, Bernard Têtu, Chantal Guillemette
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Irinotecan is used in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The UGT1A1-metabolizing enzyme, expressed in liver and colon, is primarily involved in the inactivation of its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). Herein, we explored the role of DNA methylation in the silencing of UGT1A1 gene expression in colon cancer and its influence on cellular SN-38 detoxification. Experimental Design and Results: UGT1A1 mRNA was repressed in most primary tumors (41 of 50; 82%) and in three colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-15, and COLO-320DM). Bisulfite sequencing of the UGT1A1 gene revealed the aberrant methylation of specific CpG islands in UGT1A1-negative cells. Conversely, hypomethylation was observed in HT-29, HT-115, and LOVO cells that overexpress UGT1A1. Direct methylation of the UGT1A1 promoter resulted in the complete repression of transcriptional activity. Treatment with demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitor agents had the capacity to reverse aberrant hypermethylation and to restore UGT1A1 expression in hypermethylated UGT1A1-negative cells but not in hypomethylated cells. Loss of UGT1A1 methylation was further associated with an increase in UGT1A1 protein content and with an enhanced inactivation of SN-38 by 300% in HCT-116 cells. Conclusions: We conclude that DNA methylation represses UGT1A1 expression in colon cancer and that this process may contribute to the level of tumoral inactivation of the anticancer agent SN-38 and potentially influence clinical response.
A Lecture on a Case of Puerperal Septicaemia, with Hyperpyrexia, Treated by the Continuous Application of Cold
Authors: W. S. Playfair
Journal: BMJ (1877)

GENTLEMEN,-Strictly speaking, a case occurring in private practice scarcely forms a fit text for a clinical lecture; but that on which I am tempted to make some observations to you to-day is one of a class which students have no opportunity of studying in the wards of a hos- pital, and yet of a kind which, unless they are exceptionally fortunate, they cannot fail to meet with now and again in the course of their private practice.Moreover, I am sure I am fully justified in saying that these cases of puerperal fever, or rather of puerperal septic'emia, or pyoemia, as modern obstetricians are more inclined to call them, will cause you more intense anxiety and more severely tax the resources of your art, than any others that are likely to come under your observa- tion.Under these circumstances, the breach of the rule which limits clinical lectures to hospital cases is, no doubt, justifiable, the more so as it will enable me to direct your attention to the treatment of such cases by the continuous application of cold, a therapeutic resource re- garding which we have, so far as I know, no published details as applied to puerperal cases, and which, in this case at least, rendered most valuable assistance, and, I cannot but think, saved the patient's life under conditions which almost precluded any hope.As time elapses, our knowledge of the effects of cold in the management of hyperpyrexia will, no doubt, be greatly extended, its limits defined, and the readiest way of applying it decided.In the meantime, I trust that this history may at least afford you some useful hints in the event of your being so unfortunate as to meet with such a case in your own practice.On the 5th of August, at 5 P.M., I was summoned to attend Mrs.- a young and healthy primipara.I found the head presenting, the pains frequent but slight, and the os undilated.The labour progressed perfectly naturally, the first stage being somewhat tedious and painful.At 7 A.M. on the morning of August 6th, the os -had remained without further dilatation since I A. M., although the pains were frequent and of good character.The os was at this time of the size of a florin, the mem- branes not bulging at all through it.I suspected that the labour might be protracted by an excess of liquor amnii, and, therefore, ruptured the membranes with the best effect.
Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Somatic Disorders
Authors: Allan Abbass, Stephen Kisely, Kurt Kroenke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Somatic symptom disorders are common, disabling and costly. Individually provided short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies (STPP) have shown promising results. However, the effectiveness of STPP for somatic symptom disorders has not been reviewed. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and controlled before and after studies. The outcomes included psychological symptoms, physical symptoms, social-occupational function, healthcare utilization and treatment continuation. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and covered a broad range of somatic disorders. Thirteen were RCTs and 10 were case series with pre-post outcome assessment. Of the included studies, 21/23 (91.3%), 11/12 (91.6%), 16/19 (76.2%) and 7/9 (77.8%) reported significant or possible effects on physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, social-occupational function and healthcare utilization respectively. Meta-analysis was possible for 14 studies and revealed significant effects on physical symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and social adjustment which were maintained in long-term follow-up. Random-effect modeling attenuated some of these relationships. There was a 54% greater treatment retention in the STPP group versus controls. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; STPP may be effective for a range of medical and physical conditions underscoring the role of patients’ emotional adjustment in overall health. Future research should include high-quality randomized and clinical effectiveness studies with attention to healthcare use and costs.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Tetracycline and Penicillin in the Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: E. Frei, C. R. Auner, T. E. Van Metre, C. G. Zubrod
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

TETRACYCLINE is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from the catalytic dehydrogenation of chlortetracycline.1 , 2 Chemically, it is similar to its analogues chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, the only difference being that chlortetracycline has an additional chloride radical and oxytetracycline an additional hydroxyl radical. Preliminary studies by Finland et al.3 have indicated that this antibiotic is effective in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia and other bacterial infections and that its toxicity is low. These encouraging results were considered to deserve extension and confirmation. This study of the comparative efficacy of tetracycline and penicillin in the treatment of alternate cases of pneumococcal pneumonia was therefore . . .
TRANSFUSION IN PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA
Authors: RALPH C. LARRABEE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

During the last few months the blood service at the Boston City Hospital has dealt with a number of cases of purpura hemorrhagica of a severe and acute type. Our methods of treatment have probably been about the same as those of other clinics, but a survey of the literature would seem to indicate that our use of transfusions has been more persistent and vigorous than is common elsewhere. Certain determining factors bearing on this subject, while they are common knowledge among students of the hemorrhagic diseases, still lack the universal recognition that the urgency of the disease demands. The object of this brief report is to emphasize these facts and to illustrate their bearing on the subject of transfusion. <h3>DETERMINING FACTORS</h3> Hemorrhagic purpura is the result of a numerical decrease of blood platelets. It makes no difference whether we are dealing with a primary or an idiopathic case, whether
Medical Resources After Nuclear War-Reply
Authors: Herbert L. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Orient apparently believes that the effort by physicians to present the public with facts on the medical consequences of nuclear war is less important than massive investments in preparation for civil defense against nuclear war. Not long ago I participated in a panel discussion with a Midwestern state director of civil defense. He made the point that he was confronted by three or more critical civil disasters weekly, without adequate resources to handle them. The reason, in his judgment, lay in the diversion of civil disaster funding, administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, to military purposes.<i>All physicians</i>must be concerned with preparation for civil disaster; all physicians must insist that adequate funds be allocated, so long as they can be appropriately used to save lives. But, equally, all physicians must insist that billions wasted on programs based on a failure to understand the devastation that
Lung Cells from Neonates Show a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotype
Authors: Kenneth T. Hennrick, Angela G. Keeton, Suparna Nanua, Theresa G. Kijek, Adam M. Goldsmith, Umadevi S. Sajjan, J. Kelley Bentley, Vibha N. Lama, Bethany B. Moore, Robert E. Schumacher, Victor J. Thannickal, Marc B. Hershenson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from adult bone marrow, peripheral blood, adipose tissue, trabecular bone, articular synovium, and bronchial submucosa.We hypothesized that the lungs of premature infants undergoing mechanical ventilation contain fibroblast-like cells with features of mesenchymal stem cells.Tracheal aspirate fluid from mechanically ventilated, premature (< 30 wk gestation) infants 7 days old or younger was obtained from routine suctioning and plated on plastic culture dishes.A total of 11 of 20 patients studied demonstrated fibroblast-like cells, which were identified as early as 6 hours after plating. Cells were found to express the mesenchymal stem cell markers STRO-1, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166, as well as CCR2b, CD13, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Cells were negative for the hematopoietic and endothelial cell markers CD11b, CD31, CD34, or CD45. Tracheal aspirate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 levels were ninefold higher in aspirates in which fibroblast-like cells were found, and cells demonstrated chemotaxis in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein. Placement of cells into appropriate media resulted in adipogenic, osteogenic, and myofibroblastic differentiation. Patients from whom mesenchymal stem cells were isolated tended to require more days of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen.Together, these data demonstrate that tracheal aspirate fluid from premature, mechanically ventilated infants contains fibroblasts with cell markers and differentiation potential typically found in mesenchymal stem cells.
THE EARLY OR PREMONITORY SYMPTOMS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA.
Authors: JOHN A. LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

As far as we now know, pernicious anemia is the result of a toxemia. The symptoms and course of the diseases are clearly in accord with this, and the study of the bothriocephalus anemias permits scarcely any other conclusion. What the exact nature of this toxin is is still a matter of speculation and doubt. It is generally agreed, however, that its origin is somewhere in the alimentary canal. The study of the bacteria in the intestinal canal has gone far towards establishing this consensus. In a recent publication by Dr. C. A. Herter, it is definitely shown, for instance, that the<i>B. aerogenes capsulatus</i>is an active hemolytic agent, and that when the<i>B. coli</i>type is sufficiently meager to permit a very large and free growth of the<i>B. aerogenes</i>alterations in the blood gradually appear and ultimately the blood picture of either a secondary or a
Risks With Arterial Flow Probes
Authors: Hans Samnegård
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The risk involved with flow probes on the carotid artery was discussed by E. M. Cuthbertson (227: 556, 1974). The author warned against leaving electromagnetic flow probes on the carotid artery in man, the reason being that thrombosis of the artery and temporary complete occlusions due to head movements frequently occurred in experimental animals (dogs) when flow probes were implanted for long-term studies. Since July 1970, we have used implantable electromagnetic flow probes in the internal carotid artery after arterial reconstruction due to obstructive disease of the artery. Sixty patients were studied up to five days postoperatively. The method for implantation of the flow probe<sup>1</sup>proved safe. Thrombosis occurred in only one patient in whom the flow probe was dislocated by the development of a hematoma caused by drainage tube clotting a few hours after surgery. There was no evidence that the flow probe per se caused
Effects of nifedipine and enalapril on glomerular structure and function in uninephrectomized SHR
Authors: Lance D. Dworkin, Helen D. Feiner, Miriam Parker, Evelyn Tolbert
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that underwent uninephrectomy (UNX) at six weeks of age were randomly assigned to receive no treatment, the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. Both drugs reduced systemic blood pressure, however, blood pressure tended to be greater in rats given nifedipine than in those on enalapril. After six months, proteinuria and the relevance of glomerula sclerosis were significantly reduced in the two treated groups compared to values observed in untreated SHR. Kidney weight was also reduced by therapy, suggesting that both enalapril and nifedipine inhibited compensatory kidney growth. Micropuncture studies performed in similarly treated groups of rats, but at 11 weeks of age, revealed that PGC was elevated in untreated UNX SHR and reduced by both nifedipine and enalapril. These findings support the hypothesis that glomerular hypertension and renal hypertrophy are important risk factors for glomerular injury. They suggest that calcium blockers are as effective as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing progressive kidney damage.
In the Human Urothelium and Suburothelium, Intradetrusor Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Does Not Induce Apoptosis: Preliminary Results
Authors: Thomas M. Kessler, Shahid Khan, Jalesh N. Panicker, Sohier Elneil, Sebastian Brandner, Clare J. Fowler, Alexander Roosen
Journal: European Urology (2009)