tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal Changes in Myocardial Perfusion Patterns in Patients With Reperfused Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hiroshi Ito, Katsuomi Iwakura, Hidemasa Oh, Tohru Masuyama, Masatsugu Hori, Yorihiko Higashino, Kenshi Fujii, Takazo Minamino
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Several studies demonstrated ischemic microvascular damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was used to assess the temporal changes in myocardial perfusion after reflow and to investigate the relation between MCE findings and myocardial viability.MCE was performed with the intracoronary injection of sonicated microbubbles before and shortly after coronary reflow and 1 month later in 45 patients with anterior wall AMI. MCE before reflow was analyzed to determine the risk area as an area of contrast defect in the apical long-axis view. MCE images after reperfusion were analyzed to determine peak contrast intensity, which should be in proportion to the concentration of microbubbles within the microvasculature and in the infarcted and normal myocardium, and the ratio of these (PI ratio) was used to assess microvascular integrity. Areas of residual contrast defect were expressed as a ratio to those of left ventricular myocardial (RCD ratio) to assess the spatial extent of the MCE "no reflow." Regional wall motion (RWM, SD per chord) in the territory of the left anterior descending coronary artery was determined by the centerline method in both the acute and late stages. Although the PI ratio was extremely low shortly after coronary reflow, it increased in the late stage of AMI with the improvement in regional contractile function (RWM, -3.2 +/- 0.5 versus -2.6 +/- 1.0, P < .01; PI ratio, 0.44 +/- 0.25 versus 0.60 +/- 0.29, P < .01). Reduction in the RCD ratio was observed even in 15 patients with MCE no reflow in the acute stage (0.33 +/- 0.09 versus 0.16 +/- 0.11, P < .01). Then we investigated the relation between residual contractile function and microvascular integrity in the late stage. A significant correlation was found between the PI ratio and RWM (r = .73, P < .001) in the late stage of the AMI.(1) Recovery from ischemic microvascular damage is generally observed in the late stage of AMI in association with improvement in myocardial contractile function. The degree of improvement in contractile function and microvascular integrity, however, varies among patients. (2) Contrast peak intensity in the late stage of infarction may provide a useful estimate of myocardial viability.
The NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program: overview and areas of future research directions.
Authors: W A Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Superfund Basic Research Program is currently funding 142 separate research projects within 18 programs encompassing 29 universities and institutions around the United States. The research under this program covers a wide range of interdisciplinary science from both the biomedical and nonbiomedical perspectives. This is a unique program of technology-driven research. Nonetheless, there are some areas of research that should be investigated or investigated further, should funds become available. Environmental health risk posed by the location of Superfund sites may be distributed inequitably across socioeconomic status and racial groups. Since one in five children now lives below the poverty line, an important aspect of environmental equity must be the investigation of the health effects of environmental factors on children. The multidisciplinary investigation of the effects of hazardous substance exposure on children is an area that needs much research due to the fact that most of the toxicologic data available are based on adults and animals. This program is funding 27 projects on ecologic damage posed by hazardous wastes. Much more research is needed in the investigation of toxic effects on natural succession of ecosystems as well as on their effects on biodiversity to further our understanding of the food web in the role of bioavailability in human health, and to examine the bioaccumulation of these chemicals as it relates to their fate and transport. This program is researching and developing many innovative technologies for detecting, assessing, and reducing toxic materials in the environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Address ON THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR CARCINOMA OF THE TONGUE, WITH AN ANALYSIS OF 197 CASES: Delivered Before the International Surgical Society in Brussels, September, 1908
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1909)

IV. Successful Cases.V. Comparison of Results of first 98 with second 99 Cases.VI.Comparison of 70 Cases in which the Contents of the Anterior Triangle were Removed, with 44 Cases (during the same period of time) in which they were not Removed.VII.Should the Operation on the Tongue and Glands be Performed at a Single Sitting?'VIII.Is there any Advantage in Postponing the Removal of the Glands until they are Enlarged ?IX.Is the Removal of the Contents of the Anterior Triangle Sufficient as a Routine Procedure?X. Is it Necessary to Remove the Glands on Both Sides of the Neck?XI.Are there any Cases in which this is Necessary?XII.Is it Necessary to Remove the Muscles to their Attach- ments on the Bones?(CheaEtle's theory.)XIII.Is it Necessary to Remove the Tissues between the Primary Disease and the Glands?XIV.Is there any Part of the Tongue from which the Glands are less Liable to become Affected?XV.Does Early Diagnosis render the Prognosis of Operation more Favourable?XVI.Cancer of the Floor of the Mouth.XVII.Operations for Recurrent Disease.
Abstract PD04-10: Genome-Wide Copy Number Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: MJM Magbanua, EV Sosa, JH Scott, D Pinkel, HS Rugo, JW. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic and predictive value of the number of CTCs in metastatic breast cancer. However, it is the molecular characterization of CTCs that offers insight into the biology of these tumor cells in the context of personalized treatment. Methods: Ten to twenty mLs of blood from 32 metastatic breast cancer patients with poor prognosis (≥5 CTCs in 7.5mLs blood) were subjected to immunomagnetic enrichment. Pools of ∼20 CTCs [EpCAM+, CD45-, nucleated] were isolated via fluorescence activated cell sorting, FACS. Genomic DNA was subjected to whole genome amplification followed by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Serial genomic profiling was performed in three patients. Genomic profiles from archival primary tumor available from 4 patients were compared to matched CTCs. Copy number analysis was performed using the Nexus® Copy Number. Genomic alterations with p ≥0.05 were considered significant. Results: Genomic profiling of CTCs revealed significant recurrent (≥35%) genomic alterations including gains in 8q12.1, 8q24 and losses in 1p36, 4p16, 5q21, 10q22, 11q24-25, and 13q34. Good concordance of CGH profiles obtained from CTCs isolated from serial blood samples attested to the reproducibility of the assay. Furthermore, comparisons of CTCs with matched archival primary tumors confirmed shared lineage with some divergence. Conclusions: Copy number analysis revealed common genomic alterations in CTCs as well as shared aberrations with matched primary tumor. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of serial genomic profiling of CTCs. Future work will determine associations between genomic aberrations in CTCs and clinicopathological parameters. Uncovering genomic alterations in CTCs may lead to the discovery of therapeutic biomarkers to specifically target these cells in breast cancer patients who respond poorly to current aggressive therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-10.
The Rorschach in Practice
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the past 40 years, the ink blots have become a popular investigative tool of those who would amplify clinical study by projective tests. In the forward of this book, the author, an analytically oriented child psychotherapist, is described as the outstanding British exponent of the Rorschach technique. With one slim exception, it is the only book on the subject to emerge from Britain, where it was first published in 1959. It fails to add anything to the extensive material previously published here by such notables as Klopfer, Beck, Piotrowski, and Schafer, among others. However, it constitutes a satisfactory, well-condensed summation of the Rorschach method.  Part 1 consists of seven chapters devoted to the technique of presentation; collection, classification, and analysis of data; and differentiation of psychograms according to various clinical conditions. Part 2 contains a more detailed analysis of individual records, with particular reference to positive features in a
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION IN LEUKOCYTE LYSOSOMES
Authors: Aaron Janoff, Sonja Schaefer, Joan Scherer, Michael A. Bean
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The vascular permeability-increasing action of rabbit PMNL lysosomes has been studied in skin and cremaster muscle of the rat. Both an extract of frozen-thawed granules and a cathepsin-free cationic protein fraction of the granules (which had previously been demonstrated to cause leukocyte adhesion and emigration in vivo) induce increased vascular permeability in skin and muscle which resembles that produced by histamine or histamine-liberators with respect to the timing of the response and the predominant type of microvessel affected. Extracts of frozen-thawed lysosomes and the inflammatory lysosomal cationic protein both cause disruption of rat mesenteric mast cells in vitro, whereas a granule-free cytoplasmic fraction of PMN leukocytes and a non-inflammatory cationic protein fraction of the granules do not do so under identical test conditions. The mastocytolytic action of lysosomal materials in vitro is not inhibited in the presence of 10 kallikrein-inhibiting units of trasylol per ml. The mast cell rupturing fraction of PMNL granules (cationic protein) possesses no detectable peroxidase activity or acid-mucopolysaccharase activity. When compared with compound 48/80 on the basis of estimated molecular weight, the lysosomal cationic protein appears to be at least as active as the latter compound with respect to in vitro mastocytolytic potency. Chronic pretreatment of rats with an agent known to reduce tissue mast cell numbers causes marked suppression of the vascular permeability change normally induced in skin and muscle by lysosomal extracts and cationic protein. Similar results are obtained if lysosomal materials are tested in rats pretreated with an antihistaminic. These observations are discussed with respect to the mode of action of PMNL lysosomes in the early and late phases of local tissue-injury reactions.
Effect of reduced expiratory pressure on pharyngeal size during nasal positive airway pressure in patients with sleep apnoea: evaluation by continuous computed tomography.
Authors: M Gugger, P Vock
Journal: Thorax (1992)

This study aimed to determine whether reducing the expiratory pressure during nasal positive airway pressure for reasons of comfort causes a substantial decrease in the upper airway calibre.Eight patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were studied. Continuous computed tomography (each run lasting 12 seconds) was used to measure minimum and maximum pharyngeal cross sectional areas at the velopharynx and the hypopharynx. Pharyngeal areas were measured while patients were awake and breathing without assistance, during the application of 12 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure, and during bi-level positive airway pressure with an inspiratory pressure of 12 cm H2O and an expiratory pressure of 6 cm H2O.Nasal continuous positive airway pressure significantly increased the mean minimum and maximum upper airway areas at both the velopharynx and the hypopharynx compared with normal unassisted breathing. Bi-level positive airway pressure did not show a statistically significant increase in the minimum upper airway area at either level compared with normal unassisted breathing. The minimum areas of the velopharynx and hypopharynx were smaller with bi-level than continuous positive airways pressure in six of eight and eight of eight patients respectively but these were still greater than during unassisted breathing in seven of eight and six of eight patients respectively.Continuous positive airway pressure at 12 cm H2O is more effective in splinting the pharynx open than bi-level positive airway pressure with an inspiratory positive airway pressure of 12 cm H2O and an expiratory pressure of 6 cm H2O in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea during wakefulness, suggesting an important role for expiratory positive airway pressure. The clinical importance of this finding needs to be evaluated during sleep.
Energy Balance and Body Composition Changes
Authors: FRANCISCO GRANDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Comparison of the caloric value of the fat and protein lost to the body during starvation or food restriction with an estimate of the energy expenditure of the subject provides a simple way of detecting gross errors in body composition studies. Application of this criterion to the data of three recent reports showed very marked discrepancies between the caloric equivalent of the weight loss and the estimate of energy expenditure of the subjects. Further analysis of the original data is presented, and the various possible sources of error are discussed.
An Address on the British Gynaecological Society: Its Foundation and Objects
Authors: A. Meadows
Journal: BMJ (1885)

GENTLEMEN,-My first duty, privilege, and pleasure in taking this chair, is to thank the Fellows of the British Gynaecological Society for the greathonour they have conferred upon me in electing me as their first Presidlent.There are always circumnstances connected with the foundation of a new scientific society, whichll, in my judgment, make the selection of its first officers, ald, nlotably, that of the presi- dent and secretaries, a matter of much deeper importance, both to the weltare of the society, an(l to the special branch of knowledge which that society is intendedl to cultivate, thani attaches to the selectionI of their successoIrs; for, in the older societies, those whose reputations is made, whose usefulliess is established, whose lpOSition is thlerefore wonl, a(nd tlhecir existence maintained as liuchl, pelrhaps, b.y tradition and )
Pathology Review of Outside Material: When Does It Help and When Can It Hurt?
Authors: Lauren B. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Pathology review is performed for patients when care is transferred to a tertiary care center after diagnostic tissue has been obtained. While it has many benefits, this practice can lead to unforeseen difficulties in doctor-patient communication and patient well-being, especially if a diagnosis is overturned or modified years after treatment. The aim of this analysis is to identify clinical situations in which pathology review can result in challenging discussions between patients and oncologists.Representative case scenarios are presented in the subspecialty area of hematopathology. Analysis of the clinical benefits and possible harm to patients, pathologists, and treating oncologists that may ensue from pathology review is performed.Pathology review may result in a valuable second opinion and expert subclassification. However, problematic situations may arise with pathology review, especially if the patient has already undergone definitive treatment and is referred to an academic institution in remission. Difficulties can also arise when patients do not understand the limitations of diagnosing disease on small biopsies. The patient may receive a different diagnosis or it may become apparent that the diagnosis could have been made more expeditiously. These discrepancies must be communicated to the patient and may cause confusion and distress.Pathology review can be beneficial or potentially harmful depending on the clinical situation. Preliminary recommendations are provided for selecting patients for review. Limiting pathology review to certain clinical situations and encouraging patients to get second opinions before initial treatment at local referral centers may be helpful in minimizing reassignment of diagnoses after definitive treatment.
Current progress in isolation and characterization of toxins isolated from Pfiesteria piscicida.
Authors: P D Moeller, S L Morton, B A Mitchell, S K Sivertsen, E R Fairey, T M Mikulski, H Glasgow, N J Deamer-Melia, J M Burkholder, J S Ramsdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The isolation and partial purification of toxic substances derived from Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder extracts is described. Four distinct bioassay systems were used to monitor bioactivity of the P. piscicida extracts, including a high throughput cell cytotoxicity assay and a reporter gene assay as well as assays using brine shrimp and fish. Using these bioassays to guide fractionation, we have isolated two distinct, active fractions from Pfiesteria culture medium and cell mass extracts on the basis of their solubility characteristics. We have identified and characterized a bioactive lipophilic substance from Pfiesteria-derived extracts as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, a commonly used plasticizer. The source of this typically man-made substance has been identified as originating from Instant Ocean (Aquarium Systems, Mentor, OH, USA), a commercially available seawater salt mixture used to prepare our mass culture growth medium. We have developed chromatographic methodology to isolate a bioactive polar compound isolated from extracts of Pfiesteria culture and presently report the characterization of the activity of this substance. The molecular structural analysis of the polar active component(s) using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is currently under way.
Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture.
Authors: J. A. Kanis, O. Johnell, B. Gullberg, E. Allander, G. Dilsen, C. Gennari, A. A. Lopes Vaz, G. P. Lyritis, G. Mazzuoli, L. Miravet
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the effects of taking drugs affecting bone metabolism on the risk of hip fracture in women aged over 50 years. DESIGN--Retrospective, population based, case-control study by questionnaire. SETTING--14 centres in six countries in southern Europe. SUBJECTS--2086 women with hip fracture and 3532 control women matched for age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of drugs affecting bone metabolism taken and length taken for. RESULTS--Women taking drugs affecting bone metabolism had a significantly decreased risk of hip fracture. After adjustment for differences in other risk factors, the relative risk of hip fractures was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.85) in women taking oestrogens, 0.75 (0.60 to 0.94) in those taking calcium, and 0.69 (0.51 to 0.92) in those taking calcitonin. The fall in risk was not significant for anabolic steroids (0.6 (0.29 to 1.22)). Neither vitamin D nor fluorides were associated with a significant decrease in the risk of hip fracture. The effect on hip fracture risk increased significantly with increasing duration of exposure (risk ratio 0.8 (0.61 to 1.05) for less than median exposure v 0.66 (0.5 to 0.88) for greater than median exposure). Drugs were equally effective in older and younger women, with the exception of oestrogen. CONCLUSIONS--Oestrogen, calcium, and calcitonins significantly decrease the risk of hip fracture. Short term intervention late in the natural course of osteoporosis may have significant effects on the incidence of hip fracture.
Supporting poorly performing NHS hospitals to improve
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2013)

High performing hospitals face obstacles and risks in providing support

Harvard Business School guru Clayton Christensen and his coauthors once famously described hospitals as “some of the most managerially intractable institutions in the annals of capitalism.”1 Recent reports on NHS hospitals in England failing to provide acceptable standards of care underline the simple truth behind this assertion.2 3 With other hospitals also likely to experience problems in delivering care of the right quality as the government’s new inspection regime for hospitals is implemented and financial pressures increase, how can poorly performing hospitals be helped to improve?

Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt’s answer is to ask high performing NHS hospitals to provide support to poorly performing hospitals to enable them to improve the quality and safety of patient care. Support will be provided initially to the 11 NHS trusts with high mortality rates highlighted in the Keogh review as requiring “special measures” to turn around their performance.3 High performing hospitals will work under improvement contracts through which they will be reimbursed for their time and rewarded through an incentive fund if they deliver …
COMBINED 111 In LABELED LEUKOCYTE &amp; 99MTC SULFUR COLLOID IMAGING IN HIP REPLACEMENT INFECTION
Authors: C J Palestro, A S Swyer, RW Solomon, CK Kim, J Capozzi, SJ Goldsmith
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Palestro, C J; Swyer, A S; Solomon, R W; Kim, C K; Capozzi, J.; Goldsmith, SJ. Author Information
Relationships of gp70 of MuLV envelopes to gp70 components of mouse lymphocyte plasma membranes
Authors: J Tung, PV O'Donnell, E Fleissner, EA Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The family of glycoproteins called gp70 includes molecules that are the main constituent of murine C-type viral envelopes, and some that are expressed as mendelian constituents of thymocyte plasma membranes in the absence of virions. To investigate further the relation of viral gp70s to plasma- membrane gp70s we compared peptide maps of gp70s derived by immunoprecipitation from cells infected with chosen viruses and from various thymocytes and leukemiacells known to express one or more of three immunogenetically defined gp70 types: Glx-gp70, X-gp70, and O-gp70. Maps of gp70 from cultured cells infected with ecotropic and xenotropic viruses were distinguishable from one another, and in general resembled gp70 maps prepared directly from ecotropic and xenotropic virions respectively. Maps of gp70s immunoprecipitated from thymocytes of five mouse strains and from two A strain T-cell leukemias also fell into two distinguishable and generally corresponding patterns. Thus peptide-mapping substantiates earlier conclusions that viral gp70s and plasma-membrane gp70s inherited independently of virus-production are highly related or identical molecules. The gp70 maps of thymocytes from B6, B6-G(+IX), 129, and A mice formed a group resembling the map from cultured cells infected with xenotropic virus. Thymocytes from AKR mice, and the two A strain leukemias, gave gp70 maps conforming more to the second pattern, that of cultured cells infected with ecotropic virus. This second pattern probably comprises at least two gp70 types, one of which is X-gp70. Our data indicate that the G(IX)-gp70 and O-gp70 sub-species of gp70 expressed in the cell populations we have studied are coded by xenotropic viral genomes, and X-gp70 by ecotropic viral genomes.
TCT-163 Do Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Sinus Rhythm during PCI Require Triple Therapy? Results from a Multicenter Center Study
Authors: Marco G. Mennuni, Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Roxana Mehran, Chiara Bernelli, Antonio Colombo, Pedro R. Moreno, Prakash Krishnan, Jason Kovacic, Usman Baber, Jonathan L. Halperin, Nisharahmed I. Kherada, Samantha Sartori, Swapna Sayeneni, Linsey Walker, Swathi Roy, Leila Khalili, Choudhury Hasan, Robert T. Pyo, Joe Sweeny, George Dangas, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)