tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimization and characterization of freeze‐dried multilamellar liposomes incorporating different standardized allergen extracts
Authors: I. Genin, G. Barratt, Tran Xuan Thao, J. Delattre, F. Puisieux
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Desensitization therapy for type I allergy is now current practice. Liposomes have been proposed as a support for allergens to improve safety and effectiveness. The aim of this work was to optimize liposomal formulations of three different standardized allergen extracts and to test their allergenicity in vitro and in a preclinical trial. Allergen extracts (Dactylis glomerata, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and cat hair and dander) were associated with multilamellar liposomes of varying compositions at different pH. Liposome-bound allergens were quantified by RAST inhibition after ultracentrifugation, and analyzed qualitatively by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Their allergenicity was assessed by basophil degranulation in vitro, as compared with the allergenicity of an aqueous extract, and by skin tests in allergic subjects. The best association, about 50% of the added allergen, was obtained with negatively charged liposomes, when the pH of the allergen solution was adjusted so as to impart a net positive charge to the proteins. One-third of the liposome-associated allergens was located on the surface of the liposomes and was free to interact with antibody, as shown by RAST inhibition assays and the basophil degranulation test; the remaining two-thirds was encapsulated within the liposomes. All the major immunoreactive proteins in the extract were included. These liposomes could be readily freeze-dried and reconstituted without changing their properties. This study reveals the allergenic characteristics of liposomes and suggests their potential use in the treatment of allergic patients.
Agency, argument structure, and causal inference
Authors: Alice G. B. ter Meulen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Logically, weighting is transitive, but similarity is not, so clustering cannot be either. Entailments must help a child to review attribute lists more efficiently. Children's understanding of exceptions to generic claims precedes their ability to articulate explanations. So agency, as enabling constraint, may show coherent covariation with attributes, as mere extensional, observable effect of intensional entailments.
Characterization of Genome Integrity for Oversized Recombinant AAV Vector
Authors: Biao Dong, Hiroyuki Nakai, Weidong Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Application of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) in gene therapy has been limited by its packaging capacity. Recent studies suggested that rAAV could achieve persistent transgene expression beyond 4.7-kb packaging limit. To clarify the mechanism leading to transgene expression from oversized rAAV vector, we constructed a series of rAAV vectors with genomes ranging from 2.9 to 7.2 kb. A plasmid replication origin and an ampicillin-resistant marker were included in the vector to facilitate the recovery of circularized, post-transduction AAV genome. Southern dot-blot analysis and silver staining confirmed that rAAVs could be produced at varying vector size. However, the vector yields decreased approximately tenfold for oversized vectors as compared to regular ones. Alkaline Southern blot hybridization suggested that the packaged genomes for oversized vectors were truncated. In the cells transduced by the above vectors, circularized rAAV monomers could be rescued at 24 hours after infection. Few recovered AAV genomes were >5 kb regardless of the initial vector size. In mice receiving the above vectors, larger circularized rAAV genomes could be recovered for oversized vectors at day 21 after vector administration. Our studies suggested that the partially packaged rAAV sequences may complement each other to restore full expression cassette.
ARGUMENT AGAINST SENATE BILL 34, FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, GENERALLY KNOWN AS THE "ANTIVIVISECTION BILL."
Authors: WILLIAM H. WELCH
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Who are to be subjected to the visits and inspection of these officials? It can be confidently asserted that the inspection will be practically limited to laboratories under the supervision of scientific men of established reputation, who have been selected by universities, medical colleges and heads of government departments for their recognized skill and knowledge. Dr. Bowditch has told you that he knows of no private vivisections by students, and I can say the same. Vivisection by physicians in their homes is very uncommon. The men who, as your chairman said on a previous occasion, do not need legal enactments are precisely the ones who are to be subjected to the annoyances of this system of inspection and in general to the vexatious restrictions of this bill, while, if the class of persons for whom this bill is said to have been framed really exist and now keep effectually concealed
Treat Me Like a Child
Authors: Mark A. Attiah
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Specific cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine toward cultured T lymphoblasts.
Authors: B Ullman, D W Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency in humans is associated with a severe T cell immunodeficiency. To understand further and exploit this T cell lymphospecificity, we have compared the cytotoxicities and metabolism of deoxyguanosine, the cytotoxic substrate of PNP and of arabinosylguanine, a deoxyguanosine analogue that is resistant to PNP cleavage, in T cell (8402) and B cell (8392) lines in continuous culture established from the same patient. In comparative growth rate experiments the T cells were 2.3-fold and 400-fold more sensitive to growth inhibition by deoxyguanosine and arabinosylguanine, respectively, than were the B cells. Only the T cells, but not the B cells, could phosphorylate in situ deoxyguanosine or arabinosylguanine to the corresponding triphosphate. Both the phosphorylation and cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine in the T cell line could be prevented by deoxycytidine, which suggests that deoxycytidine-deoxyguanosine kinase initiated the intracellular metabolism and cytotoxicity of this nucleoside analogue. The sensitivity and selectivity of arabinosylguanine toward the T lymphoblastoid cells suggests a rational approach to the design of chemotherapeutic agents that are directed toward T cell malignancies and other T cell disorders.
Neurotransmitters and the Normal and Ischemic Cerebral Circulation
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Nicholas T. Zervas, Michael H. Lavyne, Makato Negoro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

WIDESPREAD experience indicates that physicians have little to offer patients with stroke. The brain is thought to be extremely sensitive to hypoxia, and even a transient compromise of blood flow is generally assumed to cause irreversible damage. However, recent research suggests that hypoxia may prove more responsive to treatment than previously thought, and that vasoactive neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine), may have an important role in the pathogenic process.The brain is rich in catecholamines and serotonin, and regions made ischemic by embolism, thrombosis or hemorrhage may release these monoamines from damaged synaptic vesicles into . . .
Arthritis Gene Therapy Trial Resumes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

diatric 30, 50, and 70 responses (60%, 59%, and 56%, respectively) compared with placebo patients (35%, 35%, and 28%, respectively). Also, patients receiving adalimumab had significantly fewer flare-ups than patients in the placebo group. Following the study, investigators monitored patients who continued to receive adalimumab, finding substantial and sustained improvement during 2 years of treatment.
The Hypotensive Syndrome in the Supine Position in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Daniel Schmitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ADVANCES in anesthesia, obstetrics and medical care have made it possible to carry patients with severe cardiac disease safely through pregnancy. It is the purpose of this article to call to the attention of the internist a benign form of hypotension that may well appear in severe cardiac disease and is easily remedied by a simple maneuver but made worse by conventional treatment.Shock in any patient suggests a serious complication and calls for immediate action. If shock occurs in the previously healthy pregnant woman one is apt to think of severe hemorrhage from a ruptured uterus or premature separation . . .
Legalism, Countertransference, and Clinical Moral Perception
Authors: Christy A. Rentmeester, Constance George
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

This target article focuses on dynamics that arise in three typical ethically complex cases in which psychiatric consultations are requested by physicians: a dying patient refuses life-prolonging treatment, an uncooperative patient demands to be allowed to go outside and smoke, and an angry patient demands to be admitted to the hospital. The discussion canvasses what is at stake morally and clinically in each of these cases and explores clinician-patient interactions, dynamics in relationships between consulting physicians and consultant psychiatrists, patient transference, and physician countertransference. The article defines legalism and countertransference and argues that an ethically and clinically important consequence of these phenomena for patients is distortion of clinicians' perceptions of patients' decisions and vulnerabilities. The discussion also describes how legalism and countertransference adversely affect how clinicians treat their psychiatrist colleagues. Finally, the article suggests how the effects of legalism and countertransference can be mitigated.
PREVENTABLE DENTAL DEFORMITIES
Authors: R. H. McKeag
Journal: BMJ (1931)

PREVENTABLE DENTAL DEFORMITIES you to examine are not those of particularly bad cases, but no exaggeration is required to demonstrate the deformities which occur.They are all from patients in my own practice seen within the last few months.There is no need to dwell on the ill effects of the deformities on the child's physical and mental welfare.
Functional properties of the human atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction system during premature atrial stimulation
Authors: A. CASTELLANOS, A. S. AGHA, C. A. CASTILLO, M. P. TESSLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Premature atrial stimulation combined with His bundle and local ventricular electrograms was used in three patients to analyse complex AV conduction patterns resulting from variable degrees of delayed or enhanced propagation within the atria, A-V node, and ventricular specialized conducting system. The St1-St2 intervals were plotted against the corresponding responses at the low right atrium (LRA), His bundle, intitial site of ventricular depolarization (V), right ventricular apex (RVA), and posterosuperior wall of left ventricle (LV). The electrophysiological effects of a β-blocking agent, Alprenolol, were studied in two patients. This drug, at a dose of 0·2 mg/kg, increased the effective and functional refractory periods of the atria and AV node. In the presence of bifascicular blocks the effective refractory period of the ventricular specialized conducting system was also lengthened. Different grades of functional bilateral bundle branch block were detected in one case. The amount of delay in each bundle branch block could not be determined from the surface leads alone. A supernormal phase of intra-atrial conduction occurred in one patient. These studies extend the usefulness of intracardiac recordings in understanding otherwise complex electrophysiological phenomena in the human heart.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION TO IMPROVE PRESCRIPTION OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICAL THERAPY FOR PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: INSIGHTS FROM THE AMI-OPTIMA STUDY
Authors: Thao Huynh, Simon Kouz, Marc Afilalo, Stephane Rinfret, Erick Schampaert, Samer Mansour, Martine Montigny, Mark Eisenberg, Claude Lauzon, Jean-Pierre Dery, Michel Nguyen, Philippe L’Allier, Richard Harvey, Caroline Boudreault, Jean Claude Tardif
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Bullous and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with generalized pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch type.
Authors: S. Ingen-Housz-Oro, M.D. Vignon-Pennamen, C. Blanchet-Bardon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (BIE) and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBIE) are rare congenital ichthyoses. Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) of von Zumbusch type is a rare and severe form of psoriasis marked by desquamative and pustular erythroderma associated with fever and altered general conditions. We report two adults with an ichthyosis typical of BIE in the first case and NBIE in the second, without any previous history of psoriasis, who presented with a severe and relapsing GPP of von Zumbusch type. Using current knowledge of the genetic relationship between psoriasis and congenital ichthyoses, we discuss the possibility of a common physiopathological link between congenital ichthyoses and GPP, and examine the possible therapeutic problems resulting from this pathological association, especially in BIE.
Activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by cromakalim. Effects on cellular K+ loss and cardiac function in ischemic and reperfused mammalian ventricle.
Authors: N Venkatesh, J S Stuart, S T Lamp, L D Alexander, J N Weiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Pharmacological modulation of [K+]o accumulation and action potential changes during acute myocardial ischemia is under evaluation as a promising new antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective strategy during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. We studied the effects of cromakalim, a K+ channel opener that activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels, in isolated arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septa subjected to ischemia and reperfusion and, through use of the patch clamp technique, in inside-out membrane patches excised from guinea pig ventricular myocytes. During aerobic perfusion, 5 microM cromakalim shortened action potential duration (APD) from 217 +/- 7 to 201 +/- 10 msec, had no effect on [K+]o, and reduced tension by 17 +/- 3% (n = 11). During ischemia, pretreatment with 5 microM cromakalim resulted in 1) more rapid APD shortening (71 +/- 9 versus 166 +/- 7 msec at 10 minutes and 63 +/- 12 versus 122 +/- 8 msec at 30 minutes), 2) similar [K+]o accumulation after 10 minutes (8.9 +/- 0.3 versus 9.6 +/- 0.5 mM) but a trend toward increased [K+]o accumulation after 30 minutes (11.0 +/- 1.7 versus 9.6 +/- 1.0 mM), and 3) similar times for tension to decline to 50% of control (2.14 +/- 0.16 versus 2.14 +/- 0.19 minutes) but shorter time to fall to 20% of control (4.34 +/- 0.33 versus 4.90 +/- 0.22 minutes; p = 0.003). After 60 minutes of reperfusion following 30 minutes of ischemia, recovery of function was similar, with a trend toward better recovery of developed tension (to 58 +/- 9% versus 39 +/- 10% of control; p = 0.18) and tissue ATP levels in cromakalim-treated hearts but no differences in APD or rest tension. Thus, 5 microM cromakalim had mild effects in normal heart but greatly accelerated APD shortening during ischemia without markedly increasing [K+]o accumulation, possibly because the more rapid APD shortening reduced the time-averaged driving force for K+ efflux through ATP-sensitive K+ channels. A significant cardioprotective effect during 30 minutes of ischemia plus 60 minutes of reperfusion could not be demonstrated in this model. In excised membrane patches studied at room temperature, the ability of cromakalim to activate ATP-sensitive K+ channels was significantly potentiated by 100 microM but not 15 microM cytosolic ADP, suggesting that in addition to the modest fall in cytosolic ATP during early ischemia, the rapid increases in cytosolic ADP may further sensitize cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels to activation by cromakalim.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Renal Scan in Aortic Dissection
Authors: HAROLD A. GOLDSTEIN, ALAN GREENBERG, GORDON K. McLEAN, DAVID L. SCHWARTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

GOLDSTEIN, HAROLD A. M.D.; GREENBERG, ALAN M.D.; McLEAN, GORDON K. M.D.; SCHWARTZ, DAVID L. M.D. Author Information
Cross-Resistance to the Lipid-Soluble Antifolate Trimetrexate in Human Carcinoma Cells With the Multidrug-Resistant Phenotype
Authors: Y. G. Assaraf, A. Molina, R. T. Schimke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Cross-Resistance to the Lipid-Soluble Antifolate Trimetrexate in Human Carcinoma Cells With the Multidrug-Resistant Phenotype Get access Yehuda G. Assaraf, Yehuda G. Assaraf Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arturo Molina, Arturo Molina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert T. Schimke Robert T. Schimke * *Correspondence to:Dr. Robert T. Schimke, Department of Biological sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 4, 15 February 1989, Pages 290–294, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.4.290 Published: 15 February 1989 Article history Received: 24 October 1988 Revision received: 17 November 1988 Accepted: 22 November 1988 Published: 15 February 1989
Single-Dose Treatment of Cystitis
Authors: Walter E. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Based on the rationale that (1) cystitis is a superficial mucosal infection pathologically, (2) successful treatment of bladder infections depends on antibiotic levels achieved in urine, and (3) many antibiotics achieve very high urinary concentrations, the concept of treating acute cystitis with a single-dose antibiotic regimen has been attractive to physicians for years. The observation that a single irrigation of the bladder with neomycin sulfate cures many patients with bladder bacteriuria further suggested that brief drug therapy might well be effective. Unfortunately, early attempts to use single-dose sulfonamides, streptomycin sulfate, and cephaloridine were not uniformly successful. Inclusion of patients with chronic infections, unrecognized upper-tract involvement (localization studies were not usually done), and drug-resistant organisms may have contributed to single-dose treatment failures. However, in 1967 Grüneberg and Brumfitt<sup>1</sup>cured 88% of infections judged clinically to be cystitis with a single, 2-g dose of sulfadoxine (sulphormethoxine). Subsequently, Ronald et al,<sup>2</sup>
Genital Mycoplasmosis in Man
Authors: Ruth B. Kundsin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Reports of mycoplasmas associated with human genitoinfectious disease and reproductive failure are accumulating. In most cases, the absence of other isolates that can be implicated makes their association with human infection of the genitourinary tract especially important.Two types of these organisms, the classic large-colony Mycoplasma hominis and the small T strain, may be isolated from the urine and the genital tract. T strains have been implicated by Shepard et al.1 in nongonococcal urethritis in men. Archer2 reported T strains to be far more prevalent in the urine of sexually promiscuous women.The expression of genital mycoplasma infection in women, . . .
Capsaicin desensitization inhibits swallowing reflex in guinea pigs.
Authors: Y Jin, K Sekizawa, T Fukushima, M Morikawa, H Nakazawa, H Sasaki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine whether capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves are involved in the swallowing reflex, we examined swallowing reflex in terms of the number of swallows elicited by injections of three different volumes (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ml) of distilled water, into the pharynx through a catheter in anesthetized guinea pigs pretreated with and without systemic capsaicin. The number of swallows was counted by submental electromyographic activity and visual observation of characteristic laryngeal movement. Injections of distilled water caused a volume-dependent increase in the number of swallows in animals treated with and without capsaicin. Capsaicin treatment significantly decreased the number of swallows elicited by all volumes of distilled water (p < 0.01). Exogenously administered substance P (SP) caused a dose-dependent increase in the number of swallows in all volumes but calcitonin gene-related peptide and acetylcholine were without effect. FK 888 (10(-5) M; 1 ml), a specific inhibitor of NK1 receptor, reduced the number of swallows elicited by distilled water to a similar degree as capsaicin treatment. Pharyngeal application of lidocaine (4%; 1 ml) also inhibited distilled water-induced swallowing. These results suggest that nonmyelinated C-fibers regulate the swallowing reflex through the release of SP in response to stimulation.
Decreased CGRP staining in alopecia areata
Authors: D. Meyronet, K. Jaber, A. Gentil-Perret, F. Cambazard, L. Misery
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Decreased CGRP staining in alopecia areata Get access D. Meyronet, D. Meyronet Departments of Pathology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Jaber, K. Jaber Dermatology, University Hospital, Saint‐Etienne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Gentil‐Perret, A. Gentil‐Perret Departments of Pathology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Cambazard, F. Cambazard Dermatology, University Hospital, Saint‐Etienne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Misery L. Misery Dermatology, University Hospital, Saint‐Etienne, France L. Misery E‐mail: laurent.misery@chu‐brest.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 2, 1 August 2003, Pages 422–424, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05425.x Published: 01 August 2003
Thinking Straight about Calcium
Authors: Robert P. Heaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

For the past 10 years, both scientists and the lay public have been subjected to a spate of claims and counterclaims about the value of ensuring an adequate intake of calcium throughout life. Although the role of calcium in the health of adult bone has been called controversial, it may be more accurate to say that it has been confusing. Is it possible to straighten out the apparent conflicts?A recent review identified 43 studies published since 1988 that related calcium intake to bone mass, bone loss, or bone fragility1. Twenty-six reported that calcium intake was associated in some . . .