tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INFUSION ANAESTHESIA: THE USE OF NORMAL SALINE INFUSION AS A MEANS OF ADMINISTERING ETHER
Authors: F. Rood
Journal: BMJ (1911)

reflect thiat cases witlh lheart affections do die -sud- denly, and that nmany patients with lheart affections dlo lhave digitalis given tlhemi, it is not surprising that som-e cases withl heart affections wlio are taking dligitalis do die suddenly, but it is not quite logical -to attribute the death to digitalis.As I have said, I have lhad a nu-lmber of suidden deatlhs from auricular fibrillation in cases who were not taking digitalis, and I lhave given digitalis on thLe lines laid down here to a very large numLber of patients, and I have never had a sudden deatlh amiong mIIy owni patients; buit I mlust insist uponl the effect of the (1ig being watcLled, and the drug stopped when the signs of a sufficiency appear.I have frequently seein in con- suLltation patients wlho were in great distress, because the signs cf a sufficiency were not recogn-ized and the drtug ConltinluedL too long.In these lectures I have endeavoourcd to draw attention to some of thc nmore striking features of auricular fibrilla- tioIn.It mu-Lst not be stupposed.that I have exhausted the sabject, for there arc maany phenomena whichl I lIave niot considered, and mliany more wlhich I have failed to observe.I nlmeet frequiently witlh cases wvhich present new features, and I am-at a less to account for many of the symptoms.A wide field of investigation lies before the clinician, the plhysiologist, and the plharmiiacologist, but it is imperative, if ever the subject shouldl be fully revealed, that the general practitioner should take hiis place as ani investigator, for it is lhe whl-o lhas the best opportunity of detecting its onset, and of watchinig tlle progress of individual cases.
Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Filipino and White Women
Authors: Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) detects coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of atherosclerotic plaque. Few studies have described EBCT-defined CHD among ethnic minorities with elevated T2DM prevalence. The objective of this study was to compare EBCT-defined CAC in Filipino and white women without known cardiovascular disease.Subjects were participants aged 55 to 78 years in the Rancho Bernardo Study (n=196) and the University of California at San Diego's Filipino Women's Health Study (n=181). Glucose, blood pressure, lipids, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle factors were measured from 1995 to 1999. EBCT-defined CAC scores, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and statin use were assessed in 2001 to 2002. Compared with whites, Filipinas had a significantly higher prevalence of T2DM (32.6% versus 6.1%, P<0.001) and the metabolic syndrome (32.6% versus 13.8, P<0.001). Filipinas were younger (64.4 versus 66.7 years), had higher triglyceride levels (155 versus 135 mg/dL), had a higher ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (4.3 versus 3.5), more frequently used statins (31% versus 19%), and had more visceral fat (69.4 versus 62.1 cm3) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (54 versus 66 mg/dL) than whites. Exercise frequency, body mass index, and waist girth did not differ by ethnicity. Nevertheless, extensive (CAC score > or =400; 9% versus 9%) and moderate (CAC score 150 to 399; 13% versus 11%) atherosclerotic plaque did not differ by ethnicity, even after adjustment for age, T2DM, hypertension, estrogen use, statin use, smoking, lipids, and visceral fat.Filipinas had no excess of subclinical atherosclerosis despite their significantly higher prevalence of T2DM, the metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and visceral adiposity.
Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with regulatory T‐cell phenotype
Authors: Tomoko Kikuchi, Yoshio Katayama, Shiro Kubonishi, Toshiyuki Watanabe, Yukari Watanabe, Ken‐ichi Matsuoka, Yoshinobu Maeda, Noriko Namba, Taro Masunari, Ryusuke Nasu, Kazuma Ikeda, Mitsune Tanimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract We report a case of T‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD) that shows neither features of T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia nor disease progression for more than 34months. Flow cytometric analyses of the lymphocytes revealed high expression of CD4 and CD25. Up‐regulation of Foxp3, a master regulatory gene for developmental differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. To our knowledge, this is the first case of extremely indolent CLPD with Treg phenotype. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of effect of oral magnesium on high blood pressure: a double blind study.
Authors: F P Cappuccio, N D Markandu, G W Beynon, A C Shore, B Sampson, G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Seventeen unselected patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and whose average supine blood pressure after two months9 observation with no treatment was 154/100 mm Hg were entered into a double blind randomised crossover study of one month9s treatment with magnesium aspartate (15 mmol magnesium/day) and treatment with placebo for a further month. This preparation of magnesium was well tolerated and did not cause diarrhoea. Despite a significant increase in plasma magnesium concentration and a significant increase in urinary excretion of magnesium while taking magnesium aspartate there was no fall in blood pressure compared with either treatment with placebo or values before treatment. The results provide no evidence for a role of dietary magnesium in the regulation of high blood pressure and are contrary to recent speculations.
A three-dimensional finite element model of human atrial anatomy: New methods for cubic Hermite meshes with extraordinary vertices
Authors: Matthew J. Gonzales, Gregory Sturgeon, Adarsh Krishnamurthy, Johan Hake, René Jonas, Paul Stark, Wouter-Jan Rappel, Sanjiv M. Narayan, Yongjie Zhang, W. Paul Segars, Andrew D. McCulloch
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2013)
Fhl-1, a New Key Protein in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Grazyna Kwapiszewska, Malgorzata Wygrecka, Leigh M. Marsh, Sigrid Schmitt, Roger Trösser, Jochen Wilhelm, Katja Helmus, Bastian Eul, Anna Zakrzewicz, Hossein A. Ghofrani, Ralph T. Schermuly, Rainer M. Bohle, Friedrich Grimminger, Werner Seeger, Oliver Eickelberg, Ludger Fink, Norbert Weissmann
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease with a poor prognosis. Different forms of PH are characterized by pronounced vascular remodeling, resulting in increased vascular resistance and subsequent right heart failure. The molecular pathways triggering the remodeling process are poorly understood. We hypothesized that underlying key factors can be identified at the onset of the disease. Thus, we screened for alterations to protein expression in lung tissue at the onset of PH in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH. Methods and Results— Using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis, we identified 36 proteins that exhibited significantly altered expression after short-term hypoxic exposure. Among these, Fhl-1, which is known to be involved in muscle development, was one of the most prominently upregulated proteins. Further analysis by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and laser-assisted microdissection followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the upregulation of Fhl-1, particularly in the pulmonary vasculature. Comparable upregulation was confirmed (1) after full establishment of hypoxia-induced PH, (2) in 2 rat models of PH (monocrotaline-treated and hypoxic rats treated with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist SU5416), and (3) in lungs from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, we demonstrated that regulation of Fhl-1 was hypoxia-inducible transcription factor dependent. Abrogation of Fhl-1 expression in primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by small-interfering RNA suppressed, whereas Fhl-1 overexpression increased, migration and proliferation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments identified Talin1 as a new interacting partner of Fhl-1. Conclusions— Protein screening identified Fhl-1 as a novel protein regulated in various forms of PH, including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Evolution of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: William S. Stoney
Journal: Circulation (2009)

A t the end of the Second World War, the devastation of many cities in Europe, combined with the problems of reconstruction and loss of financial support, had brought European medical research to a halt.On the other hand, in the United States the war brought about an enormous amount of scientific research through the development of nuclear weapons, the mass production of penicillin, early computers, and a variety of other technological advances, some of which were eventually put to use by medical investigators.In the immediate postwar years, Congress began 3 decades of generous funding for medical research and education through the National Institutes of Health and the Public Health Service.In the 1920s and 1930s, medical research money had been scarce, but after the war there was a flood of money.The National Institutes of Health budget for medical research in 1945 was $180 000.By 1947, it was increased to $4 000 000, in 1950 to $46 000 000, and in 1974 to $1 billion. 1 By 2008, the total budget just for the Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was almost $3 billion.Since colonial times, it had been customary for young American physicians to spend postgraduate time in Vienna, Berlin, London, or Paris.Now the opposite was true.It became important for a young European physician to have worked for a year or so in a US medical center.The world center for medical education and research had shifted from Europe to the United States.Postwar medical progress was also stimulated by several other programs.The Hill-Burton act of 1946 provided funds for community hospital upgrades and construction.Initially this bill provided $75 million per year for 5 years.It was a matching plan in which local hospitals were required to raise two thirds of the new construction costs, and each hospital that received federal money was required to provide a reasonable amount of care for those who could not pay.During this same period, the Veterans Administration adopted a policy of building new hospitals in urban settings and wherever possible developed an affiliation with the nearest medical school.This gave medical schools a major voice in selecting the medical and surgical staff.Thus, the Veterans Hospitals provided positions for medical school faculty and patients for medical student and house staff education.Finally, in 1965 Congress passed the Medicare and Medicaid bill, which paid not only the hospital costs of the elderly
Prevention of biliary stent occlusion using cyclical antibiotics and ursodeoxycholic acid.
Authors: S Ghosh, K R Palmer
Journal: Gut (1994)

This study reports an open randomised controlled trial of cyclical antibiotics and ursodeoxycholic acid in prevention of plastic biliary stent occlusion. Seventy patients with malignant distal bile duct obstruction were randomised to either active treatment with cyclical antibiotics (ampicillin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin) and ursodeoxycholic acid or no treatment after successful stent insertion. The two groups were well matched. The follow up was complete with stent occlusion or death being the end points. There was no difference in the incidence of stent occlusion between the two groups and the overall survival was similar. In conclusion, this study did not show any benefit of treatment with antibiotics and ursodeoxycholic acid in prolonging stent patency or improving survival.
Parathyroid function as a determinant of the response to calcitriol treatment in the hemodialysis patient
Authors: Mariano Rodriguez, Francisco Caravaca, Elvira Fernandez, Maria J. Borrego, Victor Lorenzo, Juan Cubero, Alejandro Martin-Malo, Angels Betriu, Alejandro Jimenez, Armando Torres, Arnold J. Felsenfeld
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF PERTUSSIS VACCINE-Reply
Authors: John A. Toomey
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  I have read Dr. Matthew Brody's manuscript. I was unfamiliar with the Brooklyn Hospital Journal report of April 1947.  As Brody states, his patient may have had undiagnosed pertussis, the patient producing his own antigen with the disease. This could institute an antigen-antibody reaction.  Patient 2 had, a reaction following the second injection cf pertussis vaccine, a clear-cut antigen-antibody phenomenon.  The third case is not clear—it was in a person with a neurologic disease who had a trigger type of response. There was a long incubation period of five weeks in a patient with kernicterus encephalopathy which followed the usual pattern. This might have been the etiologic factor.  I am glad to note that the author agrees that a second injection of pertussis vaccine should be cautiously given to anyone who has had a previous reaction, that injection should not be made in a person with a
Stem cells or macrophages: Which contribute to bone marrow cell therapy for liver cirrhosis?
Authors: Tao Liu, Yingjie Wang, Chenting Wen, Shichang Zhang, Chunmei Zhang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The experimental studies and clinical trials of bone marrow (BM) cell therapy for severe liver diseases have been studied extensively, although the benefit is controversial, and the underlying mechanisms remain undefined.1 With great interest, I read the article by Thomas et al.,2 who demonstrated that BM-derived differentiated macrophage cell therapy improves structural and functional parameters of experimental chronic liver injury. Their results have identified defined single cell types from BM that have beneficial effects on liver fibrosis. Their study can be hailed as an original contribution in terms of understanding the mechanisms of BM cell therapy for liver fibrosis. However, other previous studies on BM cell therapy for liver cirrhosis have focused on stem cells that may work by hepatic differentiation or paracrine effects.3 Which kind of cells in the BM may contribute to cellular therapy for liver cirrhosis: stem cells, macrophages, or both? Here, we would like to offer our concerns regarding this proposed therapy. First, in the report by Thomas et al., the stem cells therapy group was not set to be compared with groups treated with differentiated macrophages. Thus, the different effects of these two kinds of cells on liver injury cannot be known under the same conditions. Furthermore, animal experimental studies have indicated that BM cell-derived stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis is under debate. Nevertheless, some optimistic results can be found in recent clinical trials reports,4 although safety and efficacy should be further demonstrated. Because there are many differences between mice and humans,5 more rational and legalized clinical trials based on BM-derived stem cells or macrophages should be encouraged. In addition, BM is composed of a variety of cell types such as hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and macrophages. BM cell therapy function may depend on synergistic effects of several kinds of cells, rather than defined single cell types. Thus, experimental studies based on single and combinations of cell types also need to be performed. Moreover, both posttransplant BM-derived differentiated macrophages and stem cells are in transient cell states that may only give short-term relief for liver fibrosis. Thus, repeated cell therapy may be required to acquire definitive therapeutic effects. Tao Liu M.D.* , Yingjie Wang M.D.*, Chenting Wen M.D. , Shichang Zhang M.D.§, Chunmei Zhang M.D. , * Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Department of Internal Medicine 3, The Northern Region of No. 401 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China, Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China, § State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger in the injured renal tissues of focal glomerulosclerosis in rats
Authors: Seiya Okuda, Kiyoshi Tamaki, Takashi Ando, Akinori Nagashima, Masaru Nakayama, Kyoichi Fukuda, Harumichi Higashi, Masatoshi Fujishima
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Screening for Homozygous and Heterozygous α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Jack Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Homozygous and heterozygous inherited deficiencies of α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin predispose to the development of pulmonary emphysema in individuals exposed to pulmonary irritants such as cigarettes, suggesting that a screening procedure and preventive medical program may be applicable. Measurement of the α<sub>1</sub>-globulin by electrophoresis of serum on cellulose acetate correlates with the enzymatic assay of trypsin-inhibitory capacity and provides a simple screening procedure for antitrypsin deficiency. All deficient subjects had less than 0.20 gm/100 ml of α<sub>1</sub>-globulin, suggesting that the enzymatic assay of inhibitor need be performed only on sera with 0.20 gm/100 ml or less of α<sub>1</sub>-globulin. Surveys of normal and diseased populations by this technique reveal a 4.7% incidence of heterozygosity in a healthy industrial population, compared to an 18.1% incidence of heterozygosity in patients with emphysema. This lends further support to the contention that both homozygous and heterozygous deficiencies of antitrypsin activity are associated with the development of emphysema.
TCT-584 Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: 3 Year Follow-Up from the COMPARE II trial
Authors: Pieter C. Smits, Georgios J. Vlachojannis, Sjoerd H. Hofma, Mario Togni, Nicolas Vazquez, Mariano Valdes, V. Voudris, Ton Slagboom, Jean-Jacques Goy, A.G. Vuillomenet, Antonio Serra, Ramiro Trillo, Peter den Heijer, Martin van der Ent
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Randomized Trial Comparing Radical Prostatectomy with Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lars Holmberg, Anna Bill-Axelson, Fred Helgesen, Jaakko O. Salo, Per Folmerz, Michael Häggman, Swen-Olof Andersson, Anders Spångberg, Christer Busch, Steg Nordling, Juni Palmgren, Hans-Olov Adami, Jan-Erik Johansson, Bo Johan Norlén
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Radical prostatectomy is widely used in the treatment of early prostate cancer. The possible survival benefit of this treatment, however, is unclear. We conducted a randomized trial to address this question.From October 1989 through February 1999, 695 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in International Union against Cancer clinical stage T1b, T1c, or T2 were randomly assigned to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy. We achieved complete follow-up through the year 2000 with blinded evaluation of causes of death. The primary end point was death due to prostate cancer, and the secondary end points were overall mortality, metastasis-free survival, and local progression.During a median of 6.2 years of follow-up, 62 men in the watchful-waiting group and 53 in the radical-prostatectomy group died (P=0.31). Death due to prostate cancer occurred in 31 of 348 of those assigned to watchful waiting (8.9 percent) and in 16 of 347 of those assigned to radical prostatectomy (4.6 percent) (relative hazard, 0.50; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.91; P=0.02). Death due to other causes occurred in 31 of 348 men in the watchful-waiting group (8.9 percent) and in 37 of 347 men in the radical-prostatectomy group (10.6 percent). The men assigned to surgery had a lower relative risk of distant metastases than the men assigned to watchful waiting (relative hazard, 0.63; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.96).In this randomized trial, radical prostatectomy significantly reduced disease-specific mortality, but there was no significant difference between surgery and watchful waiting in terms of overall survival.
Evaluation of Combined Pharmacological and Psychotherapeutic Treatment in Patients with Functional Abdominal Disorders
Authors: O.W. Schonecke, W. Schüffel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

78 patients suffering from various functional abdominal complaints have been treated in a 2 × 2 double-blind design: (a) psychotherapy with Ro 5-3350 (TH/Ro); (b) psychotherapy with placebo (TH/P); (c) Ro 5-3350 without psychotherapy (NTH/Ro); (d) placebo without psychotherapy (NTH/P). Results show that a considerable amount of improvement cannot be ascribed to the two critical factors or the interaction of both, but are due to unspecific influences in the course of treatment. Some of the results concerning the combination of TH and the psychotropic drug pose interesting questions for further research and bare implications for double-blind trials of psychotropic drugs. The results suggest that possibly properties of any psychotropic drug have to be related to a doctor-patient relationship within which the personal problems of the patient are dealt with. In order to evaluate such properties, special methodological precautions have to be taken. These will be briefly discussed.