tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intermediate-acting Insulin Preparations: NPH and Lente
Authors: Torsten Deckert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Physicochemically, NPH and lente insulins differ in size of crystals, content of protamine and zinc, and often in species composition, since lente always contains beef insulin. The duration of the hypoglycemic effect of lente insulin seems to be longer than 24 h, whereas that of NPH insulin does not exceed 24 h when given in amounts of 0.2–0.3 U/kg body wt. Moreover, NPH and lente insulins differ in their ability to form stable mixtures with neutral insulin solutions, since only NPH insulin can be mixed with regular insulin without changing the specific course of effect of regular insulin. Highly purified porcine NPH and the lente-like porcine insulin preparation, Monotard, do not seem to differ regarding side effects (lipoatrophy, immunogenicity). However, highly purified lente insulin (containing beef insulin) seems to be more immunogenic than highly purified porcine NPH insulin.
The Best of the Journal of Irreproducible Results: 'Improbable Investigations and Unfounded Findings,'
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Mark Twain created a comic style by constructing propositions such as: "Animals talk to each other, of course. There can be no question about that; but I suppose there are very few people who can understand them." By concocting similar bogus but entertaining syllogisms, scientists have filled the pages of<i>The Journal of Irreproducible Results</i>, a journal of scientific humor that is unconstrained both by reality and good taste. In many ways it is like<i>Mad</i>magazine gone to graduate school. This book brings together selected articles. The articles are written according to the formats of scholarly scientific journals, and the book is an expression of the scientific mind at play. But, in addition to the delightful and creative side of the scientific mind, an unattractive and immature side also emerges. Many of the articles have overtones of misogyny, sadism toward graduate students, cruelty to animals, and jealousy of physicians.
Abstract 4559: Herceptin trimers linked by EDC could boost direct tumor cell death and overcome resistance to trastuzumab treatment via programmed tumor cell necrosis
Authors: Jiemiao Hu, Xinli Liu, Qianrong Huang, Boyu Zhang, Dennis PM Hughes, Joya Chandra, Xueqing Xia, Shulin Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is overexpressed in multiple types of tumors, including breast tumors and osteosarcoma. Tumor-targeted antibody therapy is one of the safest therapeutics available, but it is often ineffective in treating primary and acquired antibody-resistant tumor cells via indirect tumor cell death and inducing direct tumor cell death. This study reveals that Herceptin conjugates, if generated via the crosslinker EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide hydrochloride), is capable of causing Her2 positive tumor cell death. Using an HPLC system, two peaks with estimated molecular weights of antibody dimers and trimers were isolated. The Herceptin dimer and trimer separated by HPLC, especially the trimer, induces significant levels of necrotic tumor cell death. Unlike SMCC conjugated Herceptin, this study indicates that the EDC-conjugated Herceptin overcomes the acquired resistance. The Herceptin trimer is more effective than the dimer in enhancing Herceptin-resistant tumor cell death. Surprisingly different from the known cell death mechanism often resulting from antibody treatment, the Herceptin trimer causes effective and direct tumor cell death via a novel cell death mechanism: programmed cell necrosis. Inhibition of RIP, a critical regulator of programmed necrotic cell death, reversed the Herceptin trimer-induced cell death. In summary, the Herceptin conjugate especially trimer linked by EDC could overcome Her2 positive breast cancer or osteosarcoma cells as well as the resistant cell lines via program cell necrosis cell death. This conjugate has great potential for overcoming the tumor cell resistance to the Herceptin treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4559
THE RELATION OF THE CAPSULAR SUBSTANCE OF B. COLI TO ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The relation between a strain of B. coli and its mutant with reference to the production of agglutinins and protective antibodies may be expressed by the statement that the original strain when injected into cows develops antibodies both towards itself and the mutant whereas the mutant produces them only towards itself. The results point to the capsular substance as the material carrying virulence or, expressed somewhat differently, the factor which protects the microorganism in the host.
The Luminal B Marker NHERF1 Predicts Endocrine Resistance.
Authors: A. Rody, T. Karn, C. Solbach, E. Ruckhaeberle, L. Hanker, V. Mueller, M. Schmidt, R. Gaetje, U. Holtrich, M. Kaufmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background:Tumors of the luminal B subtype of ER postive breast cancer are characterized by high proliferation as compared to the luminal A subtype. The luminal B have a worse prognosis. We aimed to identify genes specifically expressed in the luminal B subtype of breast cancers and analyze the prognostic impact of these genes and their relationship to endocrine therapy.Methods:121 genes overexpressed in LumB tumors were identified in a test set of 171 Breast cancer samples and reproducibly obtained in four independent validation datasets. The scaffold protein NHERF1 was analyzed in a large scale meta-analysis of microarray datasets encompassing n=3030 breast cancer samples.Results:NHERF1 is an ER regulated gene located on chromosome 17 coding for a scaffold protein involved in growth factor signal transduction. NHERF1 expression among ER positive tumors is associated with larger tumor size, higher histolocigal grading, and HER2 expression. A prognostic value of NHERF1 was observed among ER positive tumors (univariate HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23-1.80, P&amp;lt;0.001) but not among ER negative samples. NHERF1 remained significant in multivariate analysis (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.79, P=0.020) and is not a surrogate marker for high proliferation. A benefit of endocrine treatment seems to be restricted to NHERF1 negative tumors.Conclusions:Markers like NHERF1 specific for the luminal B subtype of breast cancer correlate with poor prognosis and seem to be predictive for endocrine treatment response. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3164.
PWE-268 Recent trends in primary liver cancer in England and Wales
Authors: N G Ladep, S A Khan, A V Thillainayagam, S D Taylor-Robinson, M B Toledano
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mortality and incidence rates of Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) have been rising in England and Wales towards the end of the last century. The current trend and ethnic distribution of PLC remain unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained mortality and incidence data for PLC for the whole population of England and Wales for the period 2001–2008. Age-standardised/specific mortality and incidence rates (ASMR/ASpMR and ASIR/ASpIR) of PLC subcategories were calculated. Trends in the rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic bile duct tumours (IHBD) were evaluated using a regression method in which a least squares regression line was fitted to the natural logarithm of the rates. About 30% of incidence data for PLC included information on the ethnic origin of the cases and thus we were able to analyse the ethnic distribution of HCC and IHBD for this sub-set over the study period. <h3>Results</h3> The ASMR for PLC increased in both sexes: from 3.88 and 2.03 per 100 000 in 2001 to 5.10 and 2.63 per 100 000 in 2008, for males and females respectively. Specifically, there was an increase in the ASMR for both HCC and IHBD of between 4% and 7% per year over the study period. ASIR of HCC increased in men (annual % change: 4%) but not in women. In the ethnic sub-set analysis, more than 79% of HCC and IHBD were registered in men and women of white ethnicity. Black Caribbeans and Africans, as well as Indians were the next most affected ethnic populations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mortality and incidence rates of PLC continue to increase in England and Wales during 2001–2008, with a modest contribution from immigrant ethnic populations to the increasing trend. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Registering Results From Clinical Trials
Authors: Julien Mancini
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients With Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study”
Authors: Philippe Pibarot, Claudia Blais, Jean G. Dumesnil, Ian G. Burwash, Rob S. Beanlands, Gerald Mundigler, Nicole Loho, Florian Rader, Helmut Baumgartner, Boris Chayer, Lyes Kadem, Damien Garcia, Louis-Gilles Durand
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study"We thank Dr Schinkel and colleagues for their comments, with which we are basically in agreement.Indeed, dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (AS) is a serious diagnostic procedure with potential complications.Thus, it should be limited to patients in whom it is likely to influence clinical management.In this context, it should be remembered that the main objective of DSE is to increase transvalvular flow rate, without inducing myocardial ischemia, to (1) distinguish truly severe AS from pseudosevere AS and (2) assess myocardial contractile reserve.Hence, we agree that a low-dose protocol (ie, up to 20 g/kg per minute) should be used, as was done in our study. 1In addition, we also prefer longer dobutamine stages (8 minutes instead of the 3 to 5 minutes previously proposed in the literature) to ensure that the patient is in a steady-state condition during Doppler-echo data acquisition and before proceeding to the next stage.The increase in heart rate should also be taken into consideration because it may predispose patients to myocardial ischemia and, at one point, it may override the inotropic effect, thereby limiting the increase in transvalvular flow.Side effects occurred in 30% of our patients, but these side effects were minor and had no serious clinical consequence.Nonetheless, the point made by Schinkel and colleagues that the occurrence of these side effects may result in premature termination of the test and thereby decrease the diagnostic accuracy of DSE is well taken.However, this disadvantage may be partially or totally counterbalanced by the use of the projected effective orifice area at a normal flow rate, as was demonstrated in our study.In conclusion, a low-dose gradual DSE protocol with careful monitoring and rigorous end points is safe and may provide important information for clinical decision making and risk stratification in patients with low-flow, low-gradient AS.
Cholecystohepatic Connections in a Case of Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia
Authors: Gilbert R. Schorlemmer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

EXTRAHEPATIC biliary atresia is an infrequent entity that presents a variety of clinical features. Although the pathogenesis remains the subject of some debate, it is thought to begin in utero and may continue after birth, resulting in the segmental or total obliteration of the intrahepatic and/ or extrahepatic biliary system.<sup>1</sup>Clinical experience would suggest that surgical intervention in some manner interrupts this progressive process, particularly in the "noncorrectable" forms. The patient described herein is illustrative and presents anatomic variations not previously described, to the best of our knowledge. Longterm survival is attributed to cholecystohepatic channels. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 5-year-old girl was seen in 1956 because of slow development and at least three episodes of jaundice, attributed to "infectious hepatitis," first described at 3 years of age. At operation in 1956 for a suspected congenital deformity, the gallbladder was noted to be large, thick walled, distended, and moderately
The Effect of Nitroglycerin on the Systemic and Coronary Circulation in Man and Dogs
Authors: L. BERNSTEIN, G. C. FRIESINGER, P. R. LICHTLEN, R. S. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The pharmacodynamics of nitroglycerin have been studied in dogs and man. In dogs, intravenous nitroglycerin (TNG) caused a decrease in left ventricular work, myocardial blood flow (MFB), and myocardial oxygen consumption, and no significant change in coronary vascular resistance. Intracoronary artery TNG in dogs caused an immediate increase in MBF and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance that persisted until arterial pressure fell. In man, sublingual TNG (0.4 mg.) caused a decrease in left ventricular work, MBF, and myocardial oxygen consumption, and no significant decrease in coronary vascular resistance in patients with and without arteriographically proven coronary artery disease. The injection of doses of 0.1 to 0.2 mg. of TNG directly into the coronary artery in man caused an immediate increase in MBF and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance in patients with and without arteriographically proven coronary artery disease. The hypothesis proposed for the mechanism of action of TNG in the relief of angina pectoris is first, a decrease in coronary vascular resistance due to its effect on the coronary circulation, and, secondly, a decrease in cardiac work due to its effect on the systemic circulation.
Effect of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade on Racing Performance of Greyhounds with Normal and with Denervated Hearts
Authors: DAVID E. DONALD, DAVID A. FERGUSON, SIDNEY E. MILBURN
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

A field study was made of the effect of β-adrenergic receptor blockade (propranolol; Kö 592) on the racing performance of six normal greyhounds and three with chronic extrinsic cardiac denervation. Records were made of the time to race a 5/16-mile course before and after blockade; the heart rate was recorded by telemetry. After the administration of the β-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent to the normal greyhound, racing time was slightly increased, and maximal heart rate was slighdy decreased. After blockade in the cardiac denervated greyhounds, racing time was prolonged, cardiac acceleration was severely limited, and the animals finished running in a state of collapse. The data indicated diat die cardiostimulant action of both sympathetic nerves and circulating catecholamines was necessary for maximal performance. After blockade of one or the other of these mechanisms, racing performance was slightly reduced from normal. Withdrawal of both adjuvants severely limited the performance of maximal exercise.
Administration Attacks Increasing Use of Marijuana
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

MARIJUANA use among adolescents has increased substantially during the past 3 years. Nearly one third (30.7%) of high school seniors surveyed recently said they smoked marijuana at least once in the past year compared with 26% in 1993 and 21.9% in 1992. The recent increase has been most marked among eighth graders, among whom it has doubled since 1991. The survey is one that has been conducted annually among adolescents since 1975 by Lloyd D. Johnston, PhD, acting director of the Substance Abuse Center at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). At the same time, figures recently released indicate that 30% more teenagers were smoking cigarettes in 1994 compared with 1991. Although cigarettes are legal, in the view of experts in the field both of these developments are ominous, since it means there is an expanding pool of young people willing to
Patterns of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Vigabatrin-Exposed Individuals
Authors: Lisa M. Clayton, Marita Devile, Trusjen Punte, Gerrit-Jan de Haan, Josemir W. Sander, James F. Acheson, Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Dietary Acrylamide Intake during Pregnancy and Fetal Growth—Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Talita Duarte-Salles, Hans von Stedingk, Berit Granum, Kristine B. Gützkow, Per Rydberg, Margareta Törnqvist, Michelle A. Mendez, Gunnar Brunborg, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Helle Margrete Meltzer, Jan Alexander, Margaretha Haugen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Acrylamide has shown developmental and reproductive toxicity in animals, as well as neurotoxic effects in humans with occupational exposures. Because it is widespread in food and can pass through the human placenta, concerns have been raised about potential developmental effects of dietary exposures in humans.We assessed associations of prenatal exposure to dietary acrylamide with small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight.This study included 50,651 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Acrylamide exposure assessment was based on intake estimates obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which were compared with hemoglobin (Hb) adduct measurements reflecting acrylamide exposure in a subset of samples (n = 79). Data on infant birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Multivariable regression was used to estimate associations between prenatal acrylamide and birth outcomes.Acrylamide intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with fetal growth. When women in the highest quartile of acrylamide intake were compared with women in the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for SGA was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.21) and the coefficient for birth weight was -25.7 g (95% CI: -35.9, -15.4). Results were similar after excluding mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Maternal acrylamide- and glycidamide-Hb adduct levels were correlated with estimated dietary acrylamide intakes (Spearman correlations = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.44; and 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.63, respectively).Lowering dietary acrylamide intake during pregnancy may improve fetal growth.
Phlebotomy for Moderate Erythrocythemia
Authors: John J. Cranley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Moderate erythrocythemia was a finding in 90 of 1,100 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities seen in a 10-year period. In some patients, the major arteries were occluded, while in others, these vessels were patent, but there were ischemic symptoms and signs in the distal portion of the extremities presumed to be due to obliteration of distal arteries and arterioles. These patients were without evidence of polycythemia vera; their hematocrit values were in the range of 47%-54%, usually considered high normal. Such moderate elevations plus the diminished caliber of vessels due to arteriosclerosis produced symptoms in excess of those expected from either condition alone. Reduction of hematocrit by phlebotomy improved the circulation. Laboratory studies before and after bloodletting substantiated the improvement in peripheral circulation and the efficiency of the heart as a pump, as shown by ballistocardiography.
GW25-e1129 Toll-like Receptor 4 Knockout Protects Against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Fibrosis: The Role of Autophagy
Authors: Dong Ruiqing, Ze-Feng Wang, Can Zhao, Hai-Rong Gu, Zhuo-Wei Hu, Jing Xie, Yong-Quan Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pine Ridge Camp for Consumptives at Foster, R. I.
Authors: W. H. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Providence, R. I., April 1, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Rhode Island started its first open-air camp for consumptives in June, 1903. The patients lived in the ordinary four-walled tent, the sides of which were kept rolled Street cars as living quarters for consumptives, Pine Ridge Camp, Foster, R. I. up except during violent rain storms. Twenty-two tents were pitched for living quarters, the cost of each being $15. An old barn served as a dining room, and a woodshed was used as a kitchen. From 25 to 35 patients were constantly under treatment, supported chiefly by contributions from the citizens of Providence. The same routine was followed in regard to treatment as practiced at other open-air camps, namely, living out of doors, good nourishing food and rest. The results were most gratifying. How to care for these patients in the winter was a question of importance owing to our limited
A body to review not criticise?
Authors: I. B Cookson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

2000 g or less, four died (111 1 per 1000).These figures compare favourably with those for England and Wales for 1974 quoted in the article.Yet they were achieved with only two incubators and devoted care from hardpressed nurses and, especially, the mothersthey invariably remain in hospital, breastfeeding, until their babies are ready for discharge.On the other side of the coin, of six live-born infants weighing 1500 g or less, three died; and in this group the benefits of intensive care may be more evident.But I venture to suggest that the results achieved with slightly larger babies with minimum facilities might give food for thought to those who would transfer from the parents to technology the care of increasing numbers of low-birth-weight babies.
The Meaning of Love in Human Experience
Authors: Matthew Brody
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The author of this book, Dr Reuben Fine, is a psychologist and a visiting professor of psychology at Adelphi University. The book is intended as a psychoanalytic investigation into the mechanism of love, in which he has redacted a great deal of information culled from his clinical experiences, history, anthropology, literature, poetry, and the writings of Freud. He is full of admiration for Freud, and his only desire is to round out Freud's theory and correct some of the errors into which he fell. Dr Fine cannot accept the writings of Freud after 1920, in which he devoted his attention to the problem of aggression, and dismisses these papers with the statement that "as Freud grew older, he lost interest in sex." He mentions Freud's quotation of the statement, "Homo homini lupus" (Man is a wolf to man). (Parenthetically, Freud is wrong in this statement and libels the wolf, because