tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P17.33 * STEM CELLS AND GLIOMAS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Authors: I. M. Germano
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The recognition of stem cells (SC) in the adult central nervous system and in association with gliomas has spawned an entire field of research and intense investigation. A large body of knowledge is being accumulated to gain insight into the pathobiology of gliomas with the intent of finally improving the grave prognosis that continues to beset patients with high grade gliomas (HGG). In this work, we provide a historical overview of the events leading to the discovery of SC and glioma stem cells (GSC). We then focus on the current understanding of GSC with respect to markers, clinical significance, and their targeting. We discuss current data and developments using SC as vehicles to delivery therapeutic agents to HGG, including our recent development of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for future development and concepts aimed at reducing tumor recurrence and improving survival for patients with HGG.
PERICARDIAL, THORACIC AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT MEASURED BY NON-ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM
Authors: Naser Ahmadi, Mustapha Lakis, Vahid Nabavi, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, Ramin Ebrahimi, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Immunohistochemical evaluation of epidermis overlying basal cell carcinomas
Authors: A. KIKUCHI, K. SAKURAOKA, H. SHIMIZU, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We have examined the character and carcinogenic properties of the normal-appearing epidermis overlying basal cell carcinomas by immunohistochemical methods, employing a series of monoclonal antibodies. The labelling index was significantly increased in the atrophic epidermis overlying basal cell carcinomas (solid type, n = 20), compared with the epidermis overlying or adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma (n = 20), keratoacanthoma (n = 10), dermatofibroma (n = 10), neurofibroma (n = 10), soft fibroma (n = 10), pyogenic granuloma (n = 10) and cutaneous leiomyoma (n = 5). Cells which expressed epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor were detected in all layers of the epidermis over the basal cell carcinomas, but not the other tumours. Basement membrane-related antigens, including bullous pemphigoid antigen and GB3 antigen, were decreased in the epidermis. AE1, the monoclonal antibody against basal cell keratin, reacted with the uppermost layers of the normal-appearing epidermis overlying the basal cell carcinomas. ICAM-1 expression was very weak in the overlying epidermis. The dermis subjacent to the proliferating epidermis showed staining for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), strong positive PECAM-1 staining of endothelium, and numerous HLA-DR-positive cells. From these results, we suggest that the proliferative activity in the epidermis overlying basal cell carcinomas is not a state induced by the dermal infiltrate, but represents carcinogenic activity of the epidermis.
Abstract LB-202: Therapeutic efficacy of coencapsulated cisplatin and arsenic trioxide nanobins in murine models of breast cancer
Authors: Richard W. Ahn, Elden P. Swindell, Ninh B. Doan, Andrey Ugolkov, Dmitry Malin, Meera R. Raja, Andrew P. Mazar, Vincent L. Cryns, Thomas V. O'Halloran
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have developed a novel strategy to encapsulate a combination of cisplatin and arsenic trioxide as a precipitate inside 100 nm liposomal nanobins, NB(Pt, As). Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic but has significant dose-limiting toxicity. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a potent FDA-approved therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, ATO has not been effective in clinical trials of solid tumors. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes can improve the anti-cancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by extending serum half-life, increasing tumor drug delivery and attenuating toxicity. We have tested the therapeutic efficacy of NB(Pt, As) in orthotopic xenograft models of triple negative breast cancer using MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435/LvBr1 cancer cell lines. Treatment with either NB(Pt, As) or cisplatin for three weeks inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 mammary tumors in vivo. However, the NB(Pt, As) did not cause weight loss in treated animals and did not result in abnormal serum chemistries. NB(Pt, As) was also evaluated for its ability to inhibit lung metastases. Mice inoculated intraductally with highly metastatic MDA-MB-435/LvBr1 cancer cells develop mammary tumors that metastasize and form macroscopic lesions in the lung. Treatment with NB(Pt, As) was initiated when primary tumors reached∼250 mm3. Both NB(Pt, As) and cisplatin inhibited primary tumor growth in this model, whereas only NB(Pt, As) treatment significantly reduced lung metastatic burden. Our results suggest that nanobin encapsulated cisplatin and ATO is a promising nanoscale therapeutic agent for metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-202. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-202
PATHOLOGY OF THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC.
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The departure from the normal in the cervical sympathetic may be classed under two heads, namely, irritation and paralysis. 1. The symptoms of irritation are: (a) mydriasis, due to spasm of the dilator pupillæ; (b) exophthalmus, said to be due to contraction of the smooth muscular fibers of the orbit (Müller's); (c) widening of the palpebral fissure by tonic contraction of Müller's muscle; (d) contraction of the walls of the vessels of the head, face and neck, including pallor of the skin, frequently with an increase in the amount of perspiration; (e) acceleration of the heart beat. According to Nicati,<sup>1</sup>paralysis of the cervical sympathetic may be divided into two stages: <h3>First Stage.</h3> —(a) Contraction of the pupil, (b) narrowing of the palpebral fissure (ptosis), (c) decrease of the tension of the globe, (d) increased lachrymation, (e) injection of the ocular conjunctiva, and, in many cases, (f) slight exophthalmus.
Molecular dissection of the human humoral response against HCV E2 glycoprotein by cloning of the antibody repertoire in phage display combinatorial vectors
Authors: R. Burioni, F. Bugli, N. Mancini, A. Greco, C. Di Campli, F. Canducci, E. Petrelli, A. Gasbarrini, M. Clementi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Chemical carcinogenesis in the tracheobronchial epithelium.
Authors: B F Trump, E M McDowell, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Some of the recent work in pulmonary carcinogenesis is briefly reviewed. Morphologic studies of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the human bronchi are compared with similar studies of carcinogenesis and epithelial regeneration in the hamster trachea. These studies suggest that bronchogenic carcinomas are typically complex mixtures of three basic phenotypes, the epidermoid and the mucous and dense-core granulated (endocrine) phenotypes. Pure forms of these phenotypes are rare, as different cells and even individual cells in single tumors express more than one phenotype. The clinical significance of such phenotypic variability is not yet known. Bronchial cell types which retain the capacity to divide include the mucous cell, the basal cell and perhaps the dense-core granulated cell. Studies of epithelial regeneration and preneoplastic lesions suggest that the mucous cell may be pivotal both in the response to injury and in carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking is believed to be the major etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. Cigarette smoke contains initiators of carcinogenesis, but it contains a plethora of probable promoters and cocarcinogens as well. It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke may both initiate bronchial cells and promote carcinogenesis in cells which have previously been initiated by smoke or other factors. It is further hypothesized that that mucous cell is the major target for initiation and subsequent tumorigenesis. The ultimate phenotype(s) displayed by the tumor is suggested to result from the effect of microenvironmental factors upon the initiated cell and its progeny.
Studies on the turnover of triglyceride and esterified cholesterol in subjects with the nephrotic syndrome
Authors: I. F. C. McKenzie, P. J. Nestel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Factors involved in the hyperlipidemia of nephrosis have been studied in seven patients. The turnover of triglyceride was measured in plasma very low density lipoproteins after the injection of glycerol-14C. The turnover of esterified cholesterol was measured in whole plasma and in very low density lipoproteins after the injection of mevalonic acid-2-3H.
Behind Closed Doors
Authors: Bernard Lo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Hospital ethics committees have been hailed as providing a promising way to resolve ethical dilemmas in patient care. Although ethics committees may have various tasks, such as confirming prognoses, educating care givers, or developing hospital policies, their most innovative role is making recommendations in individual cases.1 2 3 4 5 This role has been supported by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, the American Medical Association, and the American Hospital Association. Strictly speaking, such recommendations are not binding, but they undoubtedly carry great weight, especially if they are cogently justified.6 It is predicted that . . .
Antimyelin Antibodies as a Predictor of Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis after a First Demyelinating Event
Authors: Thomas Berger, Paul Rubner, Franz Schautzer, Robert Egg, Hanno Ulmer, Irmgard Mayringer, Erika Dilitz, Florian Deisenhammer, Markus Reindl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Most patients with multiple sclerosis initially present with a clinically isolated syndrome. Despite the fact that clinically definite multiple sclerosis will develop in up to 80 percent of these patients, the course of the disease is unpredictable at its onset and requires long-term observation or repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated whether the presence of serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome predicts the interval to conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
Effectiveness of the ten-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) against invasive pneumococcal disease: a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Arto A Palmu, Jukka Jokinen, Dorota Borys, Heta Nieminen, Esa Ruokokoski, Lotta Siira, Taneli Puumalainen, Patricia Lommel, Marjan Hezareh, Marta Moreira, Lode Schuerman, Terhi M Kilpi
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Granulomatous mediastinal adenopathy: can endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration differentiate between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis?
Authors: A. Fritscher-Ravens, A. Ghanbari, T. Topalidis, M. Pelling, O. Kon, K. Patel, A. Arlt, A. Bhowmik
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Mediastinal lymphadenopathy may indicate diseases such as tuberculosis or sarcoidosis, and it is often difficult to establish a diagnosis when standard medical work-up is inconclusive. In this study we investigated the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS – FNA) in the differentiation between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. <b>Patients and methods:</b> In this prospective study, 72 consecutive patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy, negative endoscopic investigations including bronchoscopic procedures, and no radiological evidence of lung cancer or other malignancies on computed tomography were enrolled. EUS – FNA and subsequent cytology, microscopy for acid-fast bacilli, and culture were performed. At least 12 months' follow-up including further investigations was included to exclude tuberculosis. <b>Results:</b> Adequate samples were obtained from 71/72 patients (36 male; mean age 50.2 years). No complications occurred. The final diagnosis included 30 cases of sarcoidosis, 28 of tuberculosis, four malignancies, one abscess, and nine benign lymphadenopathies. The size of lymph nodes on EUS varied from 0.5 cm to 4.2 cm. Tuberculosis nodes were significantly smaller than those in sarcoidosis. Unrelated nodes were significantly smaller than in either tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of EUS – FNA for tuberculosis were 86 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 91 %, respectively; those for sarcoidosis were 100 %, 93 %, 91 %, and 100 %, respectively. For culture of tuberculosis, they were 71 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 84 %, respectively. EUS – FNA led to a definite diagnosis in 64/72 cases (89 %) that had not been previously diagnosed by routine methods. <b>Conclusion:</b> EUS – FNA offers a high diagnostic yield for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis that have not been diagnosed by conventional methods.
American Cancer Society Guideline for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Update 2010
Authors: A. M. D. Wolf, R. C. Wender, R. B. Etzioni, I. M. Thompson, A. V. D'Amico, R. J. Volk, D. D. Brooks, C. Dash, I. Guessous, K. Andrews, C. DeSantis, R. A. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2010)

In 2009, the American Cancer Society (ACS) Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee began the process of a complete update of recommendations for early prostate cancer detection. A series of systematic evidence reviews was conducted focusing on evidence related to the early detection of prostate cancer, test performance, harms of therapy for localized prostate cancer, and shared and informed decision making in prostate cancer screening. The results of the systematic reviews were evaluated by the ACS Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee, and deliberations about the evidence occurred at committee meetings and during conference calls. On the basis of the evidence and a consensus process, the Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee developed the guideline, and a writing committee drafted a guideline document that was circulated to the entire committee for review and revision. The document was then circulated to peer reviewers for feedback, and finally to the ACS Mission Outcomes Committee and the ACS Board of Directors for approval. The ACS recommends that asymptomatic men who have at least a 10-year life expectancy have an opportunity to make an informed decision with their health care provider about screening for prostate cancer after they receive information about the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits associated with prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening should not occur without an informed decision-making process. Men at average risk should receive this information beginning at age 50 years. Men in higher risk groups should receive this information before age 50 years. Men should either receive this information directly from their health care providers or be referred to reliable and culturally appropriate sources. Patient decision aids are helpful in preparing men to make a decision whether to be tested.
MULTIPLE SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES IN A CASE OF LYMPHOSARCOMA
Authors: N. M. MATHESON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article MULTIPLE SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES IN A CASE OF LYMPHOSARCOMA Get access N. M. MATHESON, F.R.C.S. N. M. MATHESON, F.R.C.S. Central Middlesex Country Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 6, 1 June 1935, Pages 233–235, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09862.x Published: 01 June 1935
Obese subjects with heart failure have lower N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels irrespective of aetiology
Authors: Miguel Rivera, Raquel Cortés, Antonio Salvador, Vicente Bertomeu, Fernando García de Burgos, Rafael Payá, Manuel Portolés, Raquel Taléns‐Visconti, Luis Martinez‐Dolz, Ricardo Valero, Begoñ Sevilla, Vicente Climent
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Expressing the magnitude of adverse effects in case-control studies: "the number of patients needed to be treated for one additional patient to be harmed"
Authors: L. M Bjerre
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The need to express estimates of risk in an understandable manner is a challenge faced regularly by those who work with the results of epidemiological studies and try to convey their meaning to others. This is not an easy task, as is illustrated by the recent “pill scare” in the United Kingdom, in which there was much confusion over the clinical importance of the scientific information that was made public. Furthermore, practising clinicians also need a readily understandable tool for weighing the risks of various treatments. Ideally, this should be feasible without recourse to complicated statistical concepts. In this paper, we propose a simple and intuitively understandable method for expressing the results of case-control studies.

#### Summary points

Results of epidemiological studies need to be expressed in understandable terms if they are to be of practical use to clinicians and policy makers

Case-control studies are often used to study adverse effects of treatment; odds ratios from these are used to express the magnitude of adverse effects, but are not intuitively understandable estimates of risk

A more understandable and informative means of expressing the risk of adverse events in case-control studies is “the number of patients needed to be treated for one additional patient to be harmed”

This is calculated from the odds ratio and the unexposed event ratemdash;that is, the rate of occurrence of the adverse event of interest in people not exposed to the treatment

Any intervention or exposure may have desirable and undesirable effects. Desirable effects are usually the intended effects of a treatment. These will often (at least for pharmacological interventions) have been established in randomised controlled trials before an agent is released onto the market and introduced into clinical practice.

In the context of randomised trials on the desirable effects of treatments, Sackett et al proposed a method for …
The BH3 mimetic compound, ABT-737, synergizes with a range of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: K D Mason, S L Khaw, K C Rayeroux, E Chew, E F Lee, W D Fairlie, A P Grigg, J F Seymour, J Szer, D C S Huang, A W Roberts
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Antecedent Renal Disease and the Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: PHYLLIS LEPPERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We assessed the effect of "healed" childhood renal disease on subsequent pregnancies by following-up a cohort of 224 children initially hospitalized with kidney disease. The pregnancy experience in this cohort was compared to two "control" cohorts comprising 81 female siblings and 191 age-matched female patients hospitalized contemporaneously for respiratory infection. The incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and pregnancy-associated hypertension was not different among the cohorts; however, the incidence of infants with low birth weights was significantly greater in the renal and respiratory disease groups. Childhood kidney disease followed by impaired renal function (serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL) was associated with greater maternal and fetal morbidity. Kidney disease in childhood followed by apparent healing and no functional renal impairment does not have an adverse effect on maternal welfare, although the incidence of infants with low birth weight is apparently increased.
Listeriolysin O Suppresses Phospholipase C-Mediated Activation of the Microbicidal NADPH Oxidase to Promote Listeria monocytogenes Infection
Authors: Grace Y. Lam, Ramzi Fattouh, Aleixo M. Muise, Sergio Grinstein, Darren E. Higgins, John H. Brumell
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Do control variables exist?
Authors: Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, William H. Warren
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract We argue that the concept of a control variable (CV) as described by Feldman and Levin needs to be revised because it does not account for the influence of sensory feedback from the periphery. We provide evidence from the realm of rhythmic movements that sensory feedback can permanently alter the frequency and phase of a centrally generated rhythm.
THE EFFECT OF PILOCARPIN HYDROCHLORATE IN STRYCHNIN POISONING.
Authors: S. J. MELTZER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

A case has recently been described under the title,<sup>1</sup>"A New Remedy for Strychnin Poisoning;" hypodermic injections of pilocarpin were given and the patient recovered. The case was as follows: A child of two and a half years was found with "a bottle of strychnin to his mouth and the contents being emptied into it." The mouth was cleaned out by the mother and the physician who arrived one hour later administered first morphin hypodermically which brought on vomiting, and later washed out the stomach. He gave further internally tannic acid and chloral, the latter until there was profound narcosis. Nevertheless, the convulsions became stronger and were coming every two minutes. As a "last resort" he gave pilocarpin hydrochlorate, 1/24 of a grain hypodermically and repeated the dose after eighteen minutes. The skin became moist and saliva was flowing out of the mouth. The convulsions
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON HEMOLYSIS IN HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

Decreasing the temperature from 37 degrees C. to 5 degrees C. perceptibly and regularly increases hemolysis in hypotonic sodium chloride and cane sugar solutions, when the erythrocytes of a number of the common mammals are considered. The measurements were carried out with Smith's modification of the method of Hamburger. If following the original method of Hamburger one relies on the point of beginning hemolysis as an index of corpuscle resistance, the facts are not brought out clearly. The effect is in the opposite direction from that which would prevail if the laws governing change of osmotic pressure with change of temperature were the influential factors. The results possibly depend on some change in the permeability or consistence of the erythrocytic protoplasm considered as a semi-permeable membrane.
Application of cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for sequential evaluation of response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Neil E. Doherty, Klaus C. Seelos, Jun-Ichi Suzuki, Gary R. Caputo, Margaret O'Sullivan, Samuel M. Sobol, Patricia Cavero, Kanu Chatterjee, William W. Parmley, Charles B. Higgins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)