tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uterine Uptake of F-18 FDG on Positron Emission Tomography Induced by an Intrauterine Device: Unusual Pitfall
Authors: A Julian, P Payoux, J Rimailho, N Paynot, J Esquerre
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

An F-18 FDG study was eventually performed in a 32-year-old woman as a result of the suspicion of a paraneoplasic syndrome based on a rising CA 125 over 2 years in the context of pelvic pain unexplained by other imaging modalities (including laparoscopy) and a family history of breast cancer. The FDG PET showed a median, rather posterior, pelvic focal uptake. PET/CT image coregistration clearly showed the superimposition of the hot spot to the stem of a Y-shaped copper intrauterine device (IUD) in the retroverted uterus. To explain the F-18 FDG uptake, we reasonably concluded a benign inflammatory phenomenon induced by IUD. After a 2-year clinical follow up and an IUD change, the patient is doing well without any symptoms or pelvic pain. The CA 125 is unchanged.
Antidepressant Treatment and Relapse of Depression During Pregnancy
Authors: Arthur Rifkin, William Rifkin
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
George Barnet Forbes
Authors: G. B. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

George Barnet Forbes (“Jock”) spent over 40 years as a pathologist, starting as a trainee pathologist in 1938 at the Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, under Dr J Mills. Soon after the second world war broke out he enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps and was to remain in the services for the next six years, reaching the rank of major. His first overseas posting was to Gibraltar, where he remained for nearly three years (1940-3), taking charge of the laboratory at the Military Hospital with the rank of captain.

On his return to the UK in 1943, …
Collections of Simultaneously Altered Genes as Biomarkers of Cancer Cell Drug Response
Authors: David L. Masica, Rachel Karchin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Computational analysis of cancer pharmacogenomics data has resulted in biomarkers predictive of drug response, but the majority of response is not captured by current methods. Methods typically select single biomarkers or groups of related biomarkers but do not account for response that is strictly dependent on many simultaneous genetic alterations. This shortcoming reflects the combinatorics and multiple-testing problem associated with many-body biologic interactions. We developed a novel approach, Multivariate Organization of Combinatorial Alterations (MOCA), to partially address these challenges. Extending on previous work that accounts for pairwise interactions, the approach rapidly combines many genomic alterations into biomarkers of drug response, using Boolean set operations coupled with optimization; in this framework, the union, intersection, and difference Boolean set operations are proxies of molecular redundancy, synergy, and resistance, respectively. The algorithm is fast, broadly applicable to cancer genomics data, is of immediate use for prioritizing cancer pharmacogenomics experiments, and recovers known clinical findings without bias. Furthermore, the results presented here connect many important, previously isolated observations. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1699–708. ©2012 AACR.
Abstract 552: Microglia-stimulation of glioma cell invasion is dependent on EGFR and CSF1R signaling
Authors: Salvatore J. Coniglio, Dmitriy Kedrin, Kostantin Dobrenis, Marc Symons, Jeffrey E. Segall
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The ability of glioma tumor cells to invade surrounding brain parenchyma is what makes complete removal of tumor nearly impossible resulting in a median survival of only 12 months for patients afflicted by this disease. Targeting the motile properties of this tumor therefore, is an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. Many recent studies have demonstrated a key role for the tumor microenvironment in promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Our laboratory and collaborators have demonstrated that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in breast carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Here I propose a similar mechanism may occur between glioma cells and microglia within the brain. In this study we demonstrate that murine microglia are able to enhance GL261 glioma cell invasion into Matrigel in co-culture assays by up to 3 fold. Furthermore, we have found using pharmacological and/or antibody mediated inhibition of EGFR or CSF1R signaling abrogates this effect. GL261 cells constituitively secrete CSF-1, the levels of which are unaffected by EGF stimulation, EGFR inhibition or coculture with microglia. Disruption of EGF binding to EGFR using an EGF-specific function-blocking antibody also inhibits microglia-stimulated invasion, showing that EGF is responsible for mediating invasion. This data strongly suggests a paracrine loop exists between microglia and glioma similar to that seen in the breast cancer model. It is our hope that the results of this study may offer novel therapeutic approaches against glioblastoma by targeting functions of the tumor associated microglia as well as the glioma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 552.
HG-10 * HYPOXIA PATHWAY DRIVEN BY HIF-1ALPHA ARE PREDOMINANTLY INVOLVED IN PEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE GLIOMA AND REPRESENT PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Authors: C. Lasthaus, M. Litzler, C. Bour, D. Guenot, N. Entz-Werle
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Hypoxia is frequently involved in cancer progression and is a way for tumor cells to escape to conventional therapies. In hypoxic conditions, the induction of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) will favor the tumor cell adaptation. This transcription factor is a global regulator of oxygen homeostasis and plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, cell metabolism and migration. In the pediatric high grade gliomas (HGGs), few data are available on hypoxia pathways. Therefore, in an unicentric cohort of pediatric HGGs, we studied in tumor samples and in tumor-derived cell lines the role and therapeutic value of HIF-1alpha and its upstream regulators. 25 pediatric HGGs and 8 DIPGs (diffuse intra-pontine gliomas), mutated in 14 cases for histone H3.3) were explored. Transcriptomic analyses were performed in 8 HGGs comparatively to 20 low grade astrocytomas (LGGs). All samples were analyzed at protein level in a TMA focusing on HIF-1alpha and HIF-2 proteins and their upstream regulators. The 2 patient-derived cell lines (1 thalamic pediatric high grade glioma and 1 DIPG) were analyzed in in vitro normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in orthotopic animal models (striatum). Several drugs targeting MEK, mTor and HIF-1alpha were tested. To identify hypoxia markers, we queried the microarray profiling and discovered that HIF-1alpha, but also VHL, MAPK1, H- and K-RAS, VEGFA and PARP1, are particularly overexpressed, which was confirmed on tumors' TMA. In the cell lines, we confirmed the crucial role of hypoxia induction in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Moreover, the inhibition of MEK, mTor and/or HIF-1alpha in cell lines show in a single drug approach or in combination an impact on cell proliferation. This observation was confirmed with mTor/HIF-1 alpha targeting in animal models. Our results suggest that targeting hypoxia pathway might be a therapeutic strategy potentially effective in pediatric DIPGs and HGGs.
A New Staging System for Cancer and Reappraisal of Early Treatment and Cure by Radical Surgery
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

LIKE most entities in biology, a cancer has both form and function. The form, or structure, of the cancer is manifested morphologically by its histologic type and by its anatomic size, location and extension to neighboring or distant sites. The function of the cancer is manifested clinically by such symptoms as bleeding, pain, anorexia, weight loss and incapacitation.These functional effects on the patient — the symptomatic clinical events — are carefully considered when doctors think informally about the diagnosis and management of a cancer, but not when they do formal statistical tabulations of prognosis and therapy. In most numerical . . .
Zidovudine Now or Later?
Authors: John G. Bartlett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In 1985, zidovudine was found to have in vitro activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first large clinical trial, initiated in February 1986 in patients with advanced HIV disease, was stopped by the safety monitoring board after seven months because there was a significant survival advantage for those who received zidovudine. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 19871,2. Its efficacy has now been demonstrated for nearly every clinical and laboratory index that it makes sense to study. These include prolongation of survival, delay of the occurrence of an AIDS-defining . . .
Clinical value of component‐resolved diagnostics in peanut‐allergic patients
Authors: E. Eller, C. Bindslev‐Jensen
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Introduction As replacement for the oral food challenge, decision‐points for sensitization test have been established, but suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, as well as regional differences, have reduced the clinical usability. IgE toward specific peanut protein components has been reported to be of value, but data on correlation with clinical data are sparse. Our aim was to correlate IgE values with the outcome of peanut challenges. Method Data from 175 positive and 30 negative peanut challenges in patients aged 1–26 years were retrospectively correlated with the levels of specific IgE to peanut and peanut components (Ara h 1–3, h 8, and h 9). Result The best correlation between IgE and clinical thresholds was found for Ara h 2 (ρ s = −0.30, P &lt; 0.01). A cutoff of Ara h 2 &gt; 1.63 kU /l yielded a specificity = 1.00, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.70. Symptom severity elicited during challenge correlated significantly with the levels of Ara h 2 (ρ s = 0.60, P &lt; 0.0001), but large individual variation was found. Conclusion The level of IgE toward Ara h 2 can improve diagnostic accuracy by introducing a more clear‐cut decision‐point with an optimal specificity maintaining a high sensitivity. In our study, this would have reduced the necessary number of challenges to be performed from 205 to 92. Extrapolation between centers is difficult and decision‐points need to be addressed in relation to settings and population. Further component‐resolved diagnostic cannot replace oral challenge neither in determining thresholds nor in the assessment of severity of symptoms elicited during challenge.
LDL CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION WITH BMS-962476, AN ADNECTIN INHIBITOR OF PCSK9: RESULTS OF A SINGLE ASCENDING DOSE STUDY
Authors: Evan A. Stein, Sreeneeranj Kasichayanula, Traci Turner, Therese Kranz, Uma Arumugam, Lukasz Biernat, John Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
POISONOUS MATERIAL IN HOME BOAT-BUILDING KITS
Authors: Carey P. McCord
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  In the Detroit area in recent months, some 40 to 50 cases of poisoning have been associated with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. All these cases occurred after ingestion in children. This material is furnished as one part of home boatbuilding kits. It is not known precisely that methyl ethyl ketone peroxide in itself is highly toxic. As supplied, this material exists in gluey form, toluol and/or xylol being the solvents. It may be conjectured that kerosene or naphtha likewise may be used as solvents but perhaps more by purchasers themselves than by manufacturers. The emergency danger appears to relate chiefly or solely to the solvent. None of the Detroit cases has been fatal.  The chief manifestations, apart from possible conjunctivitis and irritation in the upper mucous membrane area, are gastric pain and other indications of intestinal tract irritation. The chief danger, particularly in the instance of kerosene
A RED TORULA AS THE CAUSE OF A TONGUE ABNORMALITY
Authors: RUTH STONE ALVAREZ
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Various types of yeastlike organisms are often encountered in swab preparations from the mouth and nasopharynx. These are usually few in number compared to the bacterial flora and are given little notice in general laboratory routine examinations. As a rule they are considered entirely saprophytic, or of a transitory nature, unless they appear in extremely large numbers. Those engaged in dental work occasionally record brownish black patches which are composed of yeastlike bodies on the tongue. Some of these respond readily, some slowly, to treatment; but very little further investigation has been attempted to determine to what extent these may be considered pathogenic. That these yeastlike structures may become sufficiently invasive to cause the production of antibodies has been demonstrated in the following case, which recently came under observation: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —J. H. W., a man aged about 30, was referred to the laboratory by a local physician
(55) Scleroedema of Buschke
Authors: D. Burrows, E.A. Bingham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (55) Scleroedema of Buschke Get access D. Burrows, D. Burrows Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Bingham E.A. Bingham Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 104–105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05325.x Published: 01 July 1984
Exposure to spouse s smoking increases risk of lung cancer by over 20%
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Long term smokers increase their spouses' risk of developing lung cancer by more than 20%, according to a new report.

Occupational exposure to secondary smoke increases the likelihood of developing the disease by a similar amount, says the report, which is being published in the International Journal of Cancer and was published online on 10 December 2003 ahead of print publication (see “Early View” on www3.interscience.wiley.com/).

“This pooled analysis of two large studies of second-hand smoke and lung cancer provides firm evidence for a dose-response relationship between lung cancer risk and duration of exposure to second-hand smoke for the three …
Use of a new retrograde filling material (Biodentine) for endodontic surgery: two case reports
Authors: Grégory Caron, Jean Azérad, Marie-Odile Faure, Pierre Machtou, Yves Boucher
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is considered at the present time as the gold standard for root-end filling in endodontic surgery. However, this biocompatible material presents several drawbacks such as a long setting time and handling difficulties. The aim of this article is to present a new commercialized calcium silicate-based material named Biodentine with physical improved properties compared to MTA in a clinical application. Two endodontic microsurgeries were performed by using specific armamentarium (microsurgical instrumentation, ultrasonic tips) under high-power magnification with an operatory microscope. Biodentine was used as a root-end filling in order to seal the root canal system. The two cases were considered completely healed at 1 year and were followed for one more year. The 2-year follow-up consolidated the previous observation with absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of regeneration of the periapical tissues.
The Use of Eye-Nose Goggles to Control Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Christine L. Gala
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We evaluated an eye-nose goggle to determine its usefulness in reducing nosocomial RSV infection in patients and staff members on our infant ward. During a community outbreak of RSV in 1984, infection was assessed by biweekly routine viral cultures on all ward personnel and patients and also by seroconversion in personnel. For three weeks staff members wore the goggles; two (5%) adults and one (6%) child acquired nosocomial infection. During the subsequent three-week study period, goggles were not used and 34% of personnel and 43% of susceptible infants became infected. The use of the disposable eye-nose goggles was associated with a significant decrease in nosocomial RSV infections (<i>P</i>&lt;.003 for staff and<i>P</i>&lt;.05 for contact infants). (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2706-2708)
ANTIBIOTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: John Davis Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The rational use of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents in intestinal infections, peritonitis, and preoperative preparation of the bowel has reduced morbidity and mortality in a spectacular manner. <h3>INTESTINAL INFECTIONS</h3><h3>Typhoid.</h3> —The work of Woodward<sup>1</sup>and others has shown that chloramphenicol (chloromycetin®) is the drug of choice in the treatment of typhoid. When this is used in adequate doses early in the disease and continued for at least 12 days the results are astonishing. Various methods of using the drug have been tried. A highly effective plan of therapy is as follows. The patient is given orally a loading dose of about 50 mg. per kilogram of body weight. For the average adult this represents about 4 gm. of the drug. Daily thereafter until the fever abates he should receive 4 gm. in divided doses at six hour or eight hour intervals. When the temperature has reached normal the dosage
Does the interferon-lambda rather than the interferon-alpha pathway determine the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection?
Authors: Sabine Mihm, U. Spengler, Ahmad Amanzada, Giuliano Ramadori
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Abstract The molecular mechanisms that link IFN-λ3 genotypes to differential induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are not known. We measured the expression of IFN-λ and of the specific IFN-λ receptor chain (IFN-λR1) in 122 liver biopsies of patients with CHC and 53 control samples. The IFN-λ3 genotype was not associated with differential expression of IFN-λ, but rather IFN-λR1. In a series of 30 primary human hepatocyte (PHH) samples, IFN-λR1 expression was low but could be induced with IFN-α. IFN-α-induced IFN-λR1 expression was significantly stronger in PHHs carrying the minor IFN-λ3 allele. The analysis of liver biopsies of patients with CHC revealed a strong association of high IFN-λR1 expression with elevated ISG expression, with IFN-λ3 minor alleles, and with nonresponse to pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. The findings provide a missing link between the IFN-λ3 genotype and the associated phenotype of treatment nonresponse.
Effect of exercise on left ventricular mechanical efficiency in conscious dogs.
Authors: T Nozawa, C P Cheng, T Noda, W C Little
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We studied the effect of exercise (7.2 to 8.0 km/h) on the efficiency of the conversion of metabolic energy to external work or stroke work (SW) by the left ventricle (LV). METHODS AND RESULTS Energy use was calculated from LV myocardial oxygen consumption per beat (MVO2). LV volume was calculated from orthogonal dimensions and coronary flow measured with ultrasonic flow probes. The total mechanical energy of the LV was calculated as the pressure-volume area (PVA). At rest, the MVO2-PVA point fell on the MVO2-PVA relation determined by steady-state changes in arterial pressure produced by graded infusions of phenylephrine. Exercise increased the slope (Ees) of LV end-systolic pressure-volume (PV) relation by 29%. During exercise, the MVO2-PVA point shifted to the right only slightly above the control MVO2-PVA relation by 0.007 +/- 0.005 mL O2.beat-1.100 g LV-1. Despite the increase in ventricular contractility with exercise, the PVA/MVO2 ratio was unchanged because of the marked increase in PVA. During exercise, the transmission of total mechanical energy to external work (SW/PVA) increased from 65 +/- 5% to 72 +/- 4% (P &lt; .01) as the ratio of the arterial end-systolic elastance to Ees decreased from 1.1 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.1 (P &lt; .05). Thus, LV mechanical efficiency (SW/MVO2 = SW/PVA.PVA/MVO2) improved from 12.9 +/- 1.5% to 14.3 +/- 1.1% (P &lt; .05) during exercise. CONCLUSIONS Exercise increases the efficiency of conversion of metabolic energy to external work by the LV due to alteration in LV arterial coupling resulting in increased production of mechanical energy and enhanced transmission of mechanical energy to external work, which more than offsets any increased metabolic cost of the enhanced contractility.
NUCLEAR GLYCELALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE SIGNALING MEDIATES PATHOLOGICAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY VIA P300 AND MYOCYTE ENHANCER FACTOR 2
Authors: Manling Zhang, Hideyuki Sasaki, Toshiaki Saitoh, Norimichi Koitabashi, Guangshuo Zhu, Tsuyoshi Tsujimura, Dong-ik Lee, Carlos Tristan, Neelam Shahani, Taro Kariya, Yukihiro Tsuchiya, Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Barbara Slusher, David Kass, Kyoji Taguchi, Yoshie Horiguchi, Akira Sawa, Eiki Takimoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Multiple alterations of platelet functions dominated by increased secretion in mice lacking Cdc42 in platelets
Authors: Irina Pleines, Anita Eckly, Margitta Elvers, Ina Hagedorn, Sandra Eliautou, Markus Bender, Xunwei Wu, Francois Lanza, Christian Gachet, Cord Brakebusch, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Blood (2010)