tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uterine blood flow and uterine renin secretion
Authors: Thomas F. Ferris, Jay H. Stein, Jeffrey Kauffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Experiments were carried out in pregnant nephrectomized rabbits to determine the relationship between uterine blood flow and uterine renin secretion. Uterine blood flow was measured by the percentage distribution of radioactive microspheres injected into the left ventricle which lodged in uterus and placenta, and cardiac output was measured by dye dilution. In 40 animals, 24 hr after nephrectomy, uterine blood flow was 4.7+/-0.4% of cardiac output and absolute flow 32.4+/-3 ml/100 g per min. Plasma renin activity (PRA) in uterine vein, 994+/-182 ng/100 ml per hr, was higher than in carotid artery, 832+/-143 (P < 0.025). With reduction of uterine blood flow from 4.7+/-0.5 to 1.95+/-0.3% of cardiac output and absolute flow from 30.8+/-4.6 to 8.8+/-2 ml/100 g per min, uterine vein PRA rose from 1434+/-234 to 4430+/-300 (P < 0.001), and carotid artery PRA from 1009+/-200 to 2300+/-350 (P < 0.01). Hemorrhagic hypotension caused uterine vein PRA to increase from 913+/-293 to 3638+/-1276 (P < 0.001) and carotid artery PRA from 774+/-252 to 1730+/-433 (P < 0.01). Uterine blood flow expressed as a percentage of cardiac output remained constant after hemorrhage, 5.5+/-0.9 and 6.3+/-0.8%, although absolute flow fell from 37+/-7.7 to 29+/-3.6 ml/100 g per min because of the large fall in cardiac output which occurred.Angiotensin, 10 ng/kg per min, caused no significant change in blood pressure or cardiac output but increased uterine blood flow from 4.1+/-0.6 to 8.4+/-1% (P < 0.005) of cardiac output with absolute flow increasing from 37.4+/-7 to 73.2+/-10 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.001). The increase in uterine blood flow during angiotensin was abolished by the prior administration of propranolol. Isoproterenol, 0.5 mu/min, increased uterine blood flow from 3.5+/-0.6 to 6.4+/-1.2% of cardiac output (P < 0.02) with absolute flow increasing from 25+/-5 to 51+/-12 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.05). Norepinephrine, 500 ng/min, caused no significant change in uterine blood flow. These findings suggest that uterine renin might be involved in regulating uterine blood flow, secretion being increased in response to a reduction in flow with the resultant rise in circulating or local angiotensin, through beta adrenergic stimulation, increasing uterine blood flow.
Fluid intake affects the risk of bladder cancer in men
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A clear link between increased fluid intake and a decreased risk of bladder cancer has been shown in a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine by Dominique Michaud and her colleagues at the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health (1999;340:1390-7).

In the prospective Health Professionals Follow up Study, researchers examined the relation between total fluid …
High Growth-Hormone Levels in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Roger H. Unger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE demonstration by Roth, Glick, Berson, and Yalow1that 2-deoxyglucose administration is associated with a rise in plasma-growth hormone concentration suggested that intracellular deficiency of glucose is a stimulus to growth hormone release. Since insulin lack would, presumably, create a similar deficit of intracellular glucose, it seemed possible that severe diabetic ketoacidosis might be characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone. An excess of endogenous growth hormone secondary to insulin lack might well account for the high insulin requirements so typical of the initial hours of severe diabetic ketoacidosis. The subsequent rapid decrease in insulin requirements which accompanies adequate insulin therapy could be explained by a decrease in growth-hormone secretion as insulin permits glucose entry into cells.  The foregoing consideration prompted the following investigation of growth-hormone concentration (HGH) in diabetic patients before and after treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis.  Methods  The six patients included in this study, were admitted consecutively
The Potential Use of Videotape in Teaching Psychosomatics
Authors: J.W. Paulley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Psychosomatists should admit that so far they have largely failed in communicating their knowledge and skills to those outside a limited circle. As a result many sick people suffer more than they need. Students of animal behaviour have made better use of sound and videotape to illustrate the normal and abnormal than students of human behaviour. Some of the reasons for this are examined. In teaching and learning psychosomatics the potential of videotape has yet to be realised. The article presents some such possibilities and is illustrated by edited versions of the author's experience over four years in a busy outpatient clinic of (1) characteristic life situations and attitudes in three disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, Migraine and auto immune disease, (2) the psychological management of an intractable case of Asthma over two years (approx. 32h of therapy).
Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Castrated Women
Authors: Norio Higano, Roger W. Robinson, William D. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IT was shown in a previous study from this laboratory that women who had undergone premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy subsequently experienced an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.1 This was observed on a follow-up examination that took place on an average of eleven years after surgery. These clinical findings were confirmed by Oliver and Boyd.2 Extensive postmortem studies by Ackerman et al.3 and Wuest, Dry and Edwards4 also demonstrated this relation of early castration and severity of atherosclerosis.The purpose of the present investigation was to determine possible differences in the clinical course between the two study groups: those who had . . .
The challenge of lay partnership
Authors: C. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Lay people have long been involved in the health service as members of governance bodies and other committees. But only recently have they been involved at the heart of professional practice and performance, working with doctors in doctor-patient groups discussing standards and guidelines, audit and revalidation. This involvement challenges doctors' belief that they can decide by themselves what patients' interests are and how they should be met. Yet when they accept this challenge and work with lay people as equals the scene is set for productive work.

For such partnership to work well we must be clear what “lay” means. Doctors share core values, norms, and skills but specialise in various ways and to different levels. Parallels among lay people are less well understood. Some lay people, usually after being a patient, develop expertise in the experiences, perceptions, and interests of patients as patients define them. These, not “ordinary” lay people, are the ones who should take part in doctor-patient groups. Among them, too, are variations in knowledge.1 Patients' expertise lies in the immediacy and detail of their own experiences of health care. They cannot usually speak for other patients, partly because they seldom know …
Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for kidney cells in renal tubular acidosis of autoimmune liver disease.
Authors: A M Cochrane, D C Tsantoulos, A Moussouros, I G McFarlane, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sensitisation to a renal tubular antigen, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, has been shown to be common in patients with renal tubular acidosis complicating autoimmune liver disease, and it has been suggested that this immune reaction, by damaging renal tubular cells, might be responsible for the acidification defect. The lymphocytes from 10 out of 13 patients with chronic active hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis and an associated renal tubular acidosis were shown to be cytotoxic for a kidney cell line known to secrete Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. The cytotoxic reaction was blocked by this antigen, but not by two other proteins, indicating that sensitisation to the renal glycoprotein was the likely cause of the target cell damage. Significant reduction in cytotoxicity after the addition of aggregated IgG suggested that the reaction was of the antibody-dependent cell-mediated type. These results, together with the finding of antigenic material in the surface membrane of liver cells that cross reacts immunologically with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, provide an explanation for the association between chronic liver disease and renal tubular dysfunction.
Inflammatory Reactions in HIV-1–Infected Persons after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Joseph A. DeSimone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Purpose: To review reported inflammatory reactions occurring after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in persons infected with HIV-1 and to explore the mechanisms leading to these reactions. Data Sources: MEDLINE search of biomedical literature reporting inflammatory reactions after HAART. Bibliographies of retrieved reports were also reviewed. Study Selection: Articles describing patients infected with HIV-1 who had immunologic and virologic responses to HAART and subsequently developed inflammatory reactions. Data Extraction: Data on the immune status, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic management of patients who were seropositive for HIV-1 and had inflammatory reactions after HAART. Data Synthesis: Inflammatory reactions involving opportunistic infections, AIDS-associated malignant conditions, and other noninfectious diseases have recently been described in patients infected with HIV-1. These conditions often appeared shortly after the introduction of HAART and were associated with pronounced reductions in plasma HIV-1 viral load and increases in CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Clinical presentation was often atypical of that in patients with untreated HIV-1 infection, probably because of restored immunity. Most cases improved despite continuation of HAART, although some patients required anti-inflammatory drugs or specific antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: Clinicians caring for patients who are infected with HIV-1 and receiving HAART must be aware of this new and diverse clinical syndrome. As more HAART recipients are studied, new presentations will probably be observed.
A mouse model of the atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome by repeated application of a crude extract of house‐dust mite <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i>
Authors: H. Matsuoka, N. Maki, S. Yoshida, M. Arai, J. Wang, Y. Oikawa, T. Ikeda, N. Hirota, H. Nakagawa, A. Ishii
Journal: Allergy (2003)

We cultured Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), one of the most common mites in house dust and the most important allergen among natural allergens. With this material, we attempted to produce an animal model of the atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS).We cultured Df mites in high density and prepared a crude extract of Df (DfE) together with the culture medium. We applied the extract to the back skin of NC/Nga and BALB/c mice three times per week for 8 weeks.In the NC/Nga group, dryness or scaling appeared on the skin, and scratching behavior increased at the second week in the DfE-treated group. Skin erosion and hemorrhage occurred at the fourth week. The epidermis thickened and deepened into the upper dermis, in which mast cells were highly accumulated, corresponding with the skin lesion of AEDS patients. Specific IgE and IgG to DfE and total IgE were elevated in the sera. Mice treated with an extract of mite culture medium did not develop skin lesions. In the BALB/c group, mice developed specific IgE and IgG to DfE, however, no typical skin lesions appeared. Mast cells in the upper dermis did not increase.Repeated painting of Dermatophagoides extract produced IgE-associated AEDS-like lesions on the skin of NC mice.
Inflammatory Profile of New Bacterial Strain Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sanjay Sethi, Catherine Wrona, Karen Eschberger, Phyllis Lobbins, Xueya Cai, Timothy F. Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Whether the airway and systemic inflammatory profile in bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is distinct from nonbacterial exacerbations is unclear. Previous studies have not used molecular typing of bacterial pathogens, which is required to accurately define bacterial infection in COPD. The relationship between clinical severity and course of exacerbation and inflammation is also not fully understood.To determine if (1) systemic and airway inflammation is distinct in new bacterial strain exacerbations and (2) clinical severity and resolution of exacerbations is related to airway and systemic inflammation.In a prospective longitudinal cohort study in COPD, sputum and serum samples obtained before, at, and following exacerbations during a 2-year period were studied.Clinical information, molecular typing of bacterial pathogens, sputum IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and neutrophil elastase, and serum C-reactive protein. From 46 patients, 177 exacerbations were grouped as new strain, preexisting strain, other pathogen, and pathogen negative. New strain exacerbations were associated with significantly greater increases from baseline in sputum TNF-alpha and neutrophil elastase, and in serum C-reactive protein compared with the other three groups. Increases in inflammatory markers were similar among the other three groups. Clinical resolution was accompanied by resolution of inflammation to preexacerbation levels, whereas persistent symptoms were paralleled by persistently elevated inflammation. Clinical exacerbation severity was significantly correlated with levels of all four markers.Neutrophilic airway inflammation and systemic inflammation are more intense with well-defined bacterial exacerbations than with nonbacterial exacerbations. Clinical course of exacerbation and inflammation are closely linked.
Inhibition of intercellular communication between normal human embryonal palatal mesenchyme cells by teratogenic glycol ethers.
Authors: F Welsch, D B Stedman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Cell-cell communication, possibly through gap junctions, is a fundamental event for the differentiation of embryonal tissues. Chemical substances which can interfere with this process may be able to disrupt embryogenesis. We have examined the response of a normal diploid human embryonal palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cell line to glycol ethers. These cells have gap junctions whose function in cell-cell communication was inhibited by a model teratogen. Potential HEPM donor cells (2000 to 4000) were pulse labeled with 3H-uridine (10 microCi/mL; 3 hr) and then cocultured for 3 hr with 200,000 to 400,000 potential recipient cells in the absence or presence of 2-methoxyethanol (ME; 0.13-0.30 M) or 2-isopropoxyethanol (IPE; 0.05-0.1 M). Computer-assisted quantitative autoradiography was applied to assess the effects on metabolic cooperation. Although this phenomenon was inhibited by ME, the effect was probably not attributable to interference with gap junction-mediated transfer of labeled nucleotides but rather to the lack of formation of gap junctions resulting from cytotoxicity and poor physical contact between cells. The inhibition obtained with IPE was apparently not due to adverse effects on HEPM cells as judged by light microscopy and cell counts of recipients surrounding a given donor. The results suggest that HEPM cells are suitable to study disruption of cell-cell communication as a mechanism responsible for teratogenesis and offer the unique possibility to apply human embryonal cells. However, care has to be taken to assess potential cytotoxicity of xenobiotics, and further refinement of the criteria to detect adverse effects is required.
IRRADIATION AND STERILITY
Authors: Ira I. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the Sept. 20, 1952, issue ofThe Journal, page 207, Dr. I. C. Rubin reported on the follow-up of a grandchild of a woman treated by irradiation for sterility. In this article he mentions "This is the fifth such case reported; Kaplan has encountered four others." Unfortunately, the reference to these cases was not given. In the<i>Archives of Pediatrics</i>(<b>67:</b>569-572 [Dec.] 1950), I published, under the title "Do Children Born of Offspring of Mothers Irradiated for Sterility Show Abnormal Genetic Effect?" the detailed history of three of these cases described by Dr. Rubin. I am now able to report on several more children born to the daughters of irradiated grandmothers. These reports will appear in a subsequent publication. This supports the view of Rubin and others that low dose x-ray irradiation to the ovaries and pituitary as used for the treatment of female sterility
Improved hypnotic treatment using chlormethiazole and temazepam.
Authors: R S Briggs, C M Castleden, C A Kraft
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The effects of a single 384 mg oral dose of chlormethiazole were compared with those of 20 mg of temazepam and placebo in healthy old and young women (mean ages 72.9 and 24.7 years respectively). Both drugs were effective hypnotics and had no detectable pharmacological action the next morning. Even four hours after administration performance of a simple psychomotor test was not impaired and sway (measured by an ataxiameter) was not increased in either age group. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that chlormethiazole was rapidly absorbed, distributed, and eliminated by both groups, so that minimal plasma concentrations existed 11 hours after administration. Temazepam, however, was less quickly absorbed and distributed, especially in the young group, and substantial amounts remained in the plasma 11 hours after administration. No unwanted effects occurred after temazepam, but 17 of the 20 subjects suffered from nasal irritation after taking chlormethiazole. Thus hangover effects may be avoided in elderly subjects after they have taken hypnotic drugs, and temazepam and chlormethiazole allow sleep to be interrupted safely.
Loss of the B-lineage–specific gene expression program in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ines Schwering, Andreas Bräuninger, Ulf Klein, Berit Jungnickel, Marianne Tinguely, Volker Diehl, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Klaus Rajewsky, Ralf Küppers
Journal: Blood (2003)
A device for analysing blood flow records
Authors: R. J. CROSSLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

A device has been constructed to facilitate the analysis of venous occlusion plethysmograms. An adjustable cursor attached to a tangent-wound potentiometer is aligned with the recorded slope and the output of the potentiometer is directly proportional to the blood flow. External circuitry for the adjustment of gain allows the flow to be registered in the required units on a digital voltmeter or printer. The device enables 200 flow records to be analysed in 30 minutes.
High-Dose Vitamin C and Iron Overload
Authors: Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters18 May 2004High-Dose Vitamin C and Iron OverloadKris V. Kowdley, MDKris V. Kowdley, MDFrom University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Sardi implies that medicinal iron alone was responsible for hemochromatosis in our patient rather than vitamin C taken in excess of 15 g/d for more than a decade. Although we agree that it is unclear which of the 2 factors (medicinal iron or megadoses of vitamin C) may have been primarily responsible, we believe it is impossible to incriminate (or exclude) one of these agents as the cause of iron overload. In fact, our case report maintained that greatly increased iron absorption may have originated with the medicinal iron but was facilitated by the conversion of iron to ...References1. Fleming DJ, Tucker KL, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Wilson PW, Wood RJ. Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1375-84. [PMID: 12450906] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Cook JD, Reddy MB. Effect of ascorbic acid intake on nonheme-iron absorption from a complete diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:93-8. [PMID: 11124756] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Fidler MC, Davidsson L, Zeder C, Hurrell RF. Erythorbic acid is a potent enhancer of nonheme-iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:99-102. [PMID: 14684404] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Diaz M, Rosado JL, Allen LH, Abrams S, Garcia OP. The efficacy of a local ascorbic acid-rich food in improving iron absorption from Mexican diets: a field study using stable isotopes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:436-40. [PMID: 12936926] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kris V. Kowdley, MDAffiliations: From University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIron Overload Related to Excessive Vitamin C Intake Mark A. Mallory , Chalengpoj Sthapanachai , and Kris V. Kowdley High-Dose Vitamin C and Iron Overload Bill Sardi Metrics Cited byRumdul (Sphaerocoryne affinis) Antioxidant Activity and Its Potential for Parkinson's Disease TreatmentComparative study of the protective effect between deferoxamine and deferiprone on chronic iron overload induced cardiotoxicity in rats 18 May 2004Volume 140, Issue 10Page: 846-847KeywordsCohort studiesDuodenumElderlyErythropoiesisGenetic diseasesHemochromatosisLongitudinal studiesVitamin C ePublished: 18 May 2004 Issue Published: 18 May 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nystagmus and Vertigo: Clinical Approaches to the Patient With Dizziness
Authors: Maurice Victor
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For many years, physicians have had to be content with rather rudimentary techniques for assessing the function of the vestibular apparatus. In the past few decades a number of new methods have been devised for studying this part of the nervous system. These advances in technology and laboratory diagnosis were the subject of a symposium in September 1980, and are published now as part of the ongoing UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences .  As one might expect from a collection of 23 individual presentations, the quality of the contributions is uneven. A lack of uniformity derives also from the complexity and nascent state of much of the subject matter and the fact that the 30 contributors comprise neurologists, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists, among others, each with a somewhat different point of view. Nevertheless, the volume does contain a number of substantive articles on the physiological basis of vestibular disturbances and on modern
Points: Assaying creatinine
Authors: A. Cruickshank, A. Shenkin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

SIR,-On 1 December Dr Ribeiro, a general practitioner in South Africa, and his wife were shot dead in their home by armed men in disguise.Dr Ribeiro was well known in South Africa for his work on the torture of children by the South African police and army.Earlier this year Dr Ribeiro and his family had a miraculous escape after their home was attacked and destroyed by arsonists.The letter by a group of doctors