tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF COMBINED RADIATION AND LEAD THERAPY
Authors: FRANCIS CARTER WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In a recent paper, Blair Bell<sup>1</sup>has called attention to the fact that he gained the impression that a combination of lead suspensoid, injected at suitable intervals and doses, increased the sensitivity of certain neoplasms to the action of the roentgen ray. In a previous paper I<sup>2</sup>presented certain evidence, after experimental work with animal tumors, that this was the case, and in the present paper I report the results of the continuation of that investigation. It is obvious that final conclusions on the matter must be based on experiments with human material, but it is a great advantage in preliminary research to study the effects of the combination of lead and roentgen ray on transplanted animal tumors, because these tumors, owing to their long period of cultivation, have become what may be termed a standard biologic material, the lethal dose of which to radiation does not fluctuate.
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy, Oncosis, and Autophagic Vacuolization Predict Mortality in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Carlos A. Vigliano, Patricia M. Cabeza Meckert, Mirta Diez, Liliana E. Favaloro, Claudia Cortés, Lucía Fazzi, Roberto R. Favaloro, Rubén P. Laguens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Efficient management of randomised controlled trials: nature or nurture
Authors: B. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Efficient management of randomised controlled trials: nature or nurture Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Coronary Heart Disease Prevalence and Other Clinical Features in Familial High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency (Tangier Disease)
Authors: ERNST J. SCHAEFER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

High-density (HD) lipoprotein cholesterol levels have been inversely associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. The clinical features were reviewed and the prevalence of clinically evident coronary artery or other vascular disease was ascertained in 27 homozygous and 22 obligate heterozygous patients with familial HD lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease). Mean HD lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 4 mg/dL in homozygotes, 26 mg/dL in heterozygotes, and 54 mg/dL in normal subjects. Mean low-density (LD) lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 47 mg/dL in homozygotes, 120 mg/dL in heterozygotes, and 124 mg/dL in normal subjects. In heterozygotes or homozygotes 35 years of age or less no evidence of vascular disease was noted. In subjects between 35 and 65 years of age, five of 19 heterozygotes (26%) and five of 11 homozygotes (45%) had some evidence of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, as compared to 4% or less in a normal population. The data are consistent with the concept that patients with familial HD lipoprotein deficiency may be at increased risk for premature vascular disease. However, the strikingly accelerated atherosclerosis seen in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is not seen in patients with Tangier disease possibly due to their normal or reduced LD lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Pediatric Endourology Techniques
Authors: Ryan P. Dorin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Royal College of Surgeons failed to follow up its critical report on Mid Staffordshire trust, inquiry hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Royal College of Surgeons wrote a highly critical report about surgery at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust in 2007 but took no action to make sure that its recommendations were followed up, its president has admitted.

John Black told the Mid Staffordshire public inquiry: “I believe we wrote to them, and we never subsequently made sure that the recommendations had been carried out.”

Counsel to the inquiry, Tom Kark QC, asked, “Do you recognise that for a member of the public listening to that, to say it is unacceptable is putting it mildly?” Mr Black replied: “I would accept that. The recommendations were made …
ACIDOSIS TERMINATING CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL DISEASE
Authors: C. Coombs
Journal: BMJ (1914)

CASE I.-Pancreatic Cyst.A labourer, aged 47, was admitted inito Addenbrooke's Hospital on December 24th, 1913, with sevbre haemorrhage froin the stomach ancl bowels; he Wa3 very collapsed, an(d was uiniable to keep any'thing down.Oni examiniing his abdomen there was.no general distenision, bnt a swellingl was present in the epigastrium of the shape and size of a dilated stomach.The swelling was tender, and wvaves of peristalsis couild be seen passing over it from left to riht ; after vomiting, the swellingc diminiished considerably in size.The pulse wds very feeble anid the temperature was subnormal.The urinie was acid, and contained a distinct trace of albumin, but did not reduce Fehling's solution.
Lung sound spectra at standardized air flow in normal infants, children, and adults.
Authors: H Pasterkamp, R E Powell, I Sanchez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To investigate the effect of age and body size on normal lung sounds, we studied 10 newborn infants within 3 d after birth, nine children between 6 to 8 yr, and 10 adults between 25 and 37 yr of age. Lung sounds were recorded with a contact transducer over the posterior right lower lobe, and air flow was measured at the mouth. Computer analysis provided average power spectra of lung sounds at flows of 15 ml/s/kg. In children and adults measurements were also made at flows of 30 ml/s/kg. Lung sounds were referenced to background noise, measured at zero air flow. The spectra in infants contained less power below 300 Hz compared with children and adults, resulting in significantly higher quartile and spectral edge frequencies. Resonances of the thoracic cavity may explain some of the differences among the study groups. Sound attenuation above 300 Hz was similar at all ages. At increased air flows, lung sounds in children and adults were above background noise at frequencies as high as 2,000 Hz. High-frequency expiratory lung sounds of low intensity were present in all children and in eight of 10 adults at increased flows. Normal lung sounds of low intensity are present above traditionally accepted frequency limits and warrant further investigation.
Retrograde Ductal Administration of the Adenovirus-mediated NDRG2 Gene Leads to Improved Sialaden Hypofunction in Estrogen-deficient Rats
Authors: Yan Li, Changhao Liu, Wugang Hou, Yang Li, Ji Ma, Kaifeng Lin, Zhenqiang Situ, Lize Xiong, Shaoqing Li, Libo Yao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

One of the most common oral manifestations of menopause is xerostomia. Oral dryness can profoundly affect quality of life and interfere with basic daily functions, such as chewing, deglutition, and speaking. Although the feeling of oral dryness can be ameliorated after estrogen supplementation, the side effects of estrogen greatly restrict its application. We previously found that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is involved in estrogen-mediated ion and fluid transport in a cell-based model. In the present study, we used an ovariectomized rat model to mimic xerostomia in menopausal women and constructed two adenovirus vectors bearing NDRG2 to validate their therapeutic potential. Ovariectomized rats exhibited severe sialaden hypofunction, including decreased saliva secretion and ion reabsorption as well as increased water intake. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of NDRG2 and Na(+) reabsorption-related Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and epithelial sodium channels (EnaC) decreased in ovariectomized rat salivary glands. We further showed that the localized delivery of NDRG2 improved the dysfunction of Na(+) and Cl(-) reabsorption. In addition, the saliva flow rate and water drinking recovered to normal. This study elucidates the mechanism of estrogen deficiency-mediated xerostomia or sialaden hypofunction and provides a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention.
THE PLASMA DISAPPEARANCE TIME AND CATABOLIC HALF-LIFE OF I131-LABELED NORMAL HUMAN GAMMA GLOBULIN IN AMYLOIDOSIS AND IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS*
Authors: John A. Mills, Evan Calkins, Alan S. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The serum survival time and catabclic half-life of intravenously injected I131-labeled pooled human gamma globulin - were studied in three patients with amyloidosis, four patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and three normal controls. The half-time of gamma globulin survival in the controsubjects ranged from 16.5 to 30 days. Two patients with amyloidosis, one primary and one secondary, both with the nephrotic syndrome, exhibited shortened serum half-times of 4.5 and 11 days, respectively. The serum half-time of the latter patient, before the appearance of clinical amyloidosis, was 14 days. One patient with primary amyloidosis but without nephrosis exhibited a half-time of serum gamma globulin disappearance of 21 days. The half-time of gamma globulin disappearance in four patients with chronic active rheumatoid arthritis varied between 19.5 and 8.5 days. The lower figure was found in a patient having a high titer of rheumatoid factor. If this subject is excepted, the average half- time in three rheumatoid subjects is 17 days. The catabolic half-life of the iodinated gamma globulin agreed in most instances with the serum half-time. The calculated distribution space of the injected gamma globulin showed no consistent alteration in either amyloidosis or rheumatoid arthritis as compared with the control subjects. Since themore » nephrotic syndrome from other causes may produce an accelerated catabolic half-life, a similar finding on these subjects cannot be ascribed to amyloidosis.« less
Control of cardiac output in exercising dogs using different types of workload
Authors: P G A VERSTEEG, S B SAMPURNO, P SIPKEMA, G ELZINGA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The system which controls cardiac output was studied in dogs during exercise on a treadmill. The aim was to investigate whether the pattern of the workload influences the control system. To measure cardiac output, electromagnetic flow probes were implanted at least 10 days before the exercise study. During the experiments cardiac output was computed on a beat-to-beat basis. We compared changes in cardiac output resulting from stepwise, sinusoidally and randomly varying workloads, obtained by changing treadmill velocity accordingly. The time constants found with sinusoidally and randomly varying workloads were 11.6 and 10.0 s respectively. The time constants of the alteration in cardiac output resulting from a step function was 9.9 s for the positive step and 15.6 s for the negative step. However when the stepwise change in workload was between a velocity of 0.67 and 1.56 m·s−1 positive and negative steps yielded the same time constant (13.5 s). It is concluded that the pattern of the workload has no influence on the control system of cardiac output during exercise.
Position of Consultants in the Hospital Service
Authors: K. F. R. Schiller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

in miorbidity, thus leading to a possible de- crease in the number of medical emergencies preseniting to the accident and emergency department.Ift may be of some interest, and perhaps ease some minds, to know that the resulits showed conclusively that despite a very real decrease in the numbers of patients attend- *ing the various outpatient department clinics during the six-week period there was no rise in the attendance rate at tWhis accident and emergency department.Irt must be supposed that those patients not attending the out- patient departments were being treated, at least temporariAly, by their general practi- tioners and that the work4o-contract did not cause -the predicted increase in the number of acute emergencies.-Iam, etc.,
O21 COVERED TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC STENT SHUNT (TIPS) VERSUS OPTIMIZED MEDICAL TREATMENT OR LIGATION FOR NON-RESPONDERS TO PREVENT VARICEAL REBLEEDING IN CIRRHOSIS. A PRIMARY ANALYSIS
Authors: T. Sauerbruch, M. Mengel, M. Dollinger, A. Zipprich, M. Rössle, E. Panther, R. Wiest, K. Caca, A. Hoffmeister, H. Lutz, R. Schoo, H. Lorenz, M. Schepke, B. Appenrodt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management --- the Genval Workshop Report
Authors: J Dent, J Brun, A M Fendrick, M B Fennerty, J Janssens, P J Kahrilas, K Lauritsen, J C Reynolds, M Shaw, N J Talley
Journal: Gut (1999)

This report summarises conclusions from an evidence-based workshop which evaluated major clinical strategies for the management of the full spectrum of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, with an emphasis on medical management.The disease was defined by the presence of oesophageal mucosal breaks or by the occurrence of reflux induced symptoms severe enough to impair quality of life.Endoscopy negative patients were recognised as the most common subgroup; most of these patients can be diagnosed by a well structured symptom analysis.There is a consistent hierarchy of eVectiveness of available initial and long term therapies that applies for all patient subgroups.Lifestyle measures were judged to be of such low eYcacy that they were rejected as a primary therapy for all patient subgroups.Proton pump inhibitor therapy was considered the initial medical treatment of choice because of its clearly superior eYcacy which results in the most prompt achievement of desirable outcomes at the lowest overall medical cost.It was acknowledged that most of patients require long term management and that any maintenance therapy should be chosen by step down to the regimen that is still eVective, but least costly.Endoscopic monitoring of routine long term therapy was considered inappropriate, on the basis that control of symptoms is an acceptably reliable indicator of healing in patients with oesophagitis.Laparoscopic antireflux surgery was recognised as a significant therapeutic advance, the results of which, however, depend substantially on the experience of the surgeon.There are currently no published direct comparisons of cost and eYcacy outcomes of optimal medical and surgical therapies for reflux disease.To a significant degree, the choice between medical and surgical therapy should depend on informed patient preference.Substantial advances have occurred recently in the understanding and treatment of reflux disease.By contrast, there has been relatively little research into the best strategies for capitalisation on these advances.This is a fertile field for future research. Rationale, structure and processes for the Workshop
Genetic Implication of a Novel Thiamine Transporter in Human Hypertension
Authors: Kuixing Zhang, Matthew J. Huentelman, Fangwen Rao, Eric I. Sun, Jason J. Corneveaux, Andrew J. Schork, Zhiyun Wei, Jill Waalen, Jose Pablo Miramontes-Gonzalez, C. Makena Hightower, Adam X. Maihofer, Manjula Mahata, Tomi Pastinen, Georg B. Ehret, Nicholas J. Schork, Eleazar Eskin, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Milton H. Saier, Daniel T. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of collagen-stabilized, photochemically prepared silver nanoparticles
Authors: Emilio I. Alarcon, Klas Udekwu, Mårten Skog, Natalia L. Pacioni, Kevin G. Stamplecoskie, María González-Béjar, Naresh Polisetti, Abeni Wickham, Agneta Richter-Dahlfors, May Griffith, Juan C. Scaiano
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
MMR: Science and Fiction. Exploring the Vaccine Crisis; MMR and Autism: What Parents Need to Know
Authors: David Elliman, Helen Bedford
Journal: BMJ (2004)

![][1] 

Richard Horton

Granta Books, £7.99, pp 220 ISBN 1 86207 764 9 www.granta.com

Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5]    ![][6] 

Michael Fitzpatrick

Routledge, £14.99, pp 218 ISBN 0 415 32179 4 http://www.routledge.com/

Rating: ![Graphic][7] ![Graphic][8] ![Graphic][9] ![Graphic][10] 

T he publication in 1998 of an article in the Lancet proposing a new syndrome of autistic enterocolitis should have attracted little publicity ( Lancet 1998;351: 637). The authors, researchers at the Royal Free Hospital, stated clearly in the article that “We did not prove an association between measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] vaccine and the syndrome described.” However, the first author surprised his colleagues by suggesting at a subsequent press conference that children should be offered the three vaccines individually with an interval of a year between each dose. This, unlike the article, was “news.” The ensuing media frenzy resulted in a fall in uptake of the vaccine and led directly to the current real threat of large outbreaks of measles in the United Kingdom.

These two books, written by supporters of the vaccine, describe the MMR story and its context. Although both authors are doctors who have played a major part in events, …

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Rational Chemotherapy: Inhibition of Polymerase Activity of Cancer Cells
Authors: Frances E. Knock
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent data indicate that transformation of normal cells by tumor viruses appears to require altered DNA polymerase activity to transcribe new genetic information. Multiple workers have noted the promise for rational cancer chemotherapy of drugs depressing RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ("reverse transcriptase") activity from tumor viruses and human acute leukemia cells. The drugs include rifamycin antibiotics (<i>J Natl Cancer Inst</i>49:761, 1972) and clinically promising sulfhydryl (SH)-inhibitors (Knock et al in<i>Oncology</i>, Nov, 1972). At concentrations as low as 10μg/ml, clinically useful SH-inhibitors depress "reverse transcriptase" activity of human leukemic lymphocytes to 12% to 16% of control, activity usually far exceeding that of available rifamycins. The SH-inhibitors were selected by performing three in vitro sensitivity tests on hundreds of human cancers: namely agar plate assay, the Kondo sensitivity test, and radioactive tracer studies monitoring the incorporation of labeled precursors to DNA, RNA, and protein of tumors. The three
Long-Term Doxycycline Is More Effective Than Atenolol to Prevent Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan Syndrome Through the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9
Authors: Ada W.Y. Chung, H. H. Clarice Yang, Marek W. Radomski, Cornelis van Breemen
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

β-Blockers, eg, atenolol, are the cornerstone therapy for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in patients with Marfan syndrome; however, continued aortic dilatation has been reported. We have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were upregulated during progression of TAA in Marfan syndrome, accompanied with degenerated elastic fibers and vasomotor dysfunction. We hypothesized that doxycycline, a nonspecific inhibitor of MMPs, would ameliorate TAA by attenuating elastic fiber degeneration and improving vasomotor function. A well-characterized mouse model of Marfan syndrome (Fbn1 C1039G/+ ) was used. Mice were untreated (n=40), given doxycycline (0.24g/L, n=30), or given atenolol (0.5g/L, n=30) in drinking water at 6 weeks of age. The Fbn1 +/+ mice served as control (n=40). At 3, 6, and 9 months, aortic segments from the ascending, arch, and descending portions were used to obtain the “average” value of the whole thoracic aorta. TAA was prevented in the doxycycline group, whereas mild aneurysm was evident in the atenolol group. Doxycycline improved elastic fiber integrity, normalized aortic stiffness, and prevented vessel weakening. The impairment of vasocontraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation in the untreated and atenolol groups were improved by doxycycline. The upregulation of transforming growth factor-β in the Marfan aorta was suppressed by doxycycline. Doxycycline augmented expression ratios of tissue inhibitors of MMP to MMPs. Intraperitoneally injected neutralizing antibodies against MMP-2 and -9 yielded similar effects to doxycycline. We concluded that long-term treatment with doxycycline, through the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9, is more effective than atenolol in preventing TAA in Marfan syndrome by preserving elastic fiber integrity, normalizing vasomotor function, and reducing transforming growth factor-β activation.
One in three cases of cancer in patients over 70 are diagnosed at emergency admission
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Nearly one in four cases of cancer in England (24%)—around 58 400 a year—are diagnosed when patients are admitted to hospital as emergencies, a study has found. This figure rises with age to more than a third (31%) of cancers in people over 70: 38 500 cases.

The study by the National Cancer Intelligence Network traced the experiences of nearly three quarters of a million English patients who were given cancer diagnoses (739 667) between 2006 and 2008 to find out how their illness was diagnosed.1

It found that the proportion of cancer cases diagnosed after emergency admission varied widely by cancer type. Cancers of the brain and central …
Why should doctors be interested in climate change?
Authors: Mike Gill
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Smoking and Health was published in 1962,1 but 45 years passed before smoking was banned in enclosed public places in England. We have a small fraction of that time to cap carbon emissions globally to avoid serious risk of irreversible climate change.2 Smoking cessation has long been a recognised, legitimate, clinical aim—yet personal carbon footprint reduction is not. Why not?

Health professionals were powerful catalysts to society changing its view about smoking. Smoking is no longer seen as a normal lifestyle choice, but an addiction that has harmful effects not just for the individual but for others. Most of us do not yet think of our high carbon lifestyle as an addiction that is more destructive than tobacco, and irreversibly so.

We have not yet developed the professional attitudes, language, or conceptual framework needed to make it easy and legitimate to tackle this addiction in the clinical setting. Just as doctors smoked in front of patients, many of us still drive to work in large cars. But there are …