tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of a dedicated service for male mentally disordered remand prisoners in north west London: retrospective study
Authors: T. Weaver, F. Taylor, B. Cunningham, S. Kavanagh, A. Maden, S. Rees, A. Renton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Government policy has encouraged speedy transfer of mentally ill prisoners to NHS care,1 2 but arrangements have often proved slow and ineffective.3 4 The Bentham Unit was set up in February 1994 to provide rapid assessment and (where appropriate) transfer for male mentally disordered remand prisoners in the former North West Thames Regional Health Authority. The unit provides regular outreach assessment sessions at Wormwood Scrubs and other prisons and is based in a 14 bed locked ward to which patients may be admitted before court disposal and determination of final placement.

We retrospectively identified all prisoners referred for NHS psychiatric assessment who had been remanded to prisons within the area covered by North West Thames Regional Health Authority (Wormwood Scrubs, Brixton, Pentonville, Wandsworth, and Feltham) between 1 April and 31 August 1994 and determined those who were assessed and admitted …
Colorectal cancer survival in Europe: the Will Rogers phenomenon revisited
Authors: M SHAHRIER
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 533 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Europe. In this issue of Gut , Gatta and colleagues1 report survival results from a population based study involving 2270 cases of CRC from 11 cancer registries in six European countries (see page 533). The authors report a surprisingly wide range of overall survival among the registries; three year survival varied from a low of 25% in Cracow, Poland to a high of 59% in Modena, Italy. An understanding of the causes for this wide variation could serve as the database for efforts to improve the overall outcome of CRC.

It is well established that the prognosis of CRC is dependent on factors related to the tumour, the patient, and the treatment of the disease. More advanced stage, location of the cancer in the rectum, poorly differentiated histology, vascular invasion, and older age are all associated with a poorer prognosis of CRC.2 The surgical approach (extent of resection, elective v emergency, skill of the surgeon) and appropriate use of adjuvant therapy also significantly affect overall survival.2 3 Much of the variation between registries in the report by Gatta and colleagues1 appears to be due to differences in known prognostic factors. Not surprisingly, the four registries that reported the poorest overall survival also had the four lowest reported percentages of early stage disease and had four of the five highest rates of rectal cancer. After adjustment for these factors, however, the relative …
Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases.
Authors: F I Marcus, G H Fontaine, G Guiraudon, R Frank, J L Laurenceau, C Malergue, Y Grosgogeat
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by an abnormality in the development of part of the right ventricular musculature. Patients with right ventricular dysplasia may present with ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, right-heart failure or asymptomatic cardiomegaly. Twenty-two adult patients with right ventricular dysplasia who had recurrent ventricular tachycardia were seen during a 7-year period. The male/female ratio was 2.7:1. The mean age at the time of hospitalization was 39 years. All but one of the patients had ventricular tachycardia of a left bundle branch block configuration. With few exceptions, the T waves were inverted over the right precordial leads. The heart was usually enlarged and the pulmonary vasculature was usually normal. In six patients who had two-dimensional echocardiograms, all showed increased right ventricular diastolic dimensions. All patients had right ventricular angiography; the diagnosis of right ventricular dysplasia was substantiated during surgery in 12 patients and at autopsy in another. Two other patients who did not have arrhythmias had right ventricular dysplasia diagnosed by right- and left-heart angiography. Our unique experience, when combined with a literature review of 34 adult cases, permits a composite clinical profile of this condition in the adult.
Hospitalisation rates for pneumonia following the introduction of a pneumococcal vaccination
Authors: W Jones
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Hospitalisation rates for pneumonia following the introduction of a pneumococcal vaccinationIn response to concerns regarding increases in non-vaccine serotype-related pneumococcal disease, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to the US child immunisation schedule in 2000.This study evaluated the impact of this vaccine on hospitalisation rates for pneumonia in the decade following its introduction.Interrogation of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database allowed comparison of pneumonia-related hospitalisation rates in the 3-year period prior to the introduction of the PCV7 with rates between 2007 and 2009.Despite targeting children, PCV7 vaccination had a beneficial and sustained effect on pneumonia-related hospitalisation rates, length of inpatient stay and mortality across all age groups.The greatest effects were seen at the extremes of age; in children younger than 2 years old (43.2% (95% CI 34.9 to 51.6) fewer admissions), and above 85 years of age (22.8% (95% CI 17.3 to 28.4)).An estimated 168 000 fewer admissions for pneumonia were seen in 2009, an effect attributed to this vaccine.Reduction in pneumococcal carriage, and thereby transmission, is postulated to have resulted in the observed 168 000 fewer admissions in 2009 attributed to the PCV7.A 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine is now available and has been introduced in the USA.It is unclear whether this will result in a further decrease in hospitalisations for pneumonia. 1
Cloning of rat nephrin: Expression in developing glomeruli and in proteinuric states
Authors: Hiroshi Kawachi, Hiroko Koike, Hidetake Kurihara, Eishin Yaoita, Michiaki Orikasa, Michael A. Shia, Tatsuo Sakai, Tadashi Yamamoto, David J. Salant, Fujio Shimizu
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Complete pathological response after neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced esophageal cancer predicts long term survival: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Farrukh Hassan Rizvi, Aamir Ali Syed, Shahid Khattak, Syed Shahrukh Hassan Rizvi, Syed Ather Kazmi, Muhammad Qayum Khan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Mixed martial arts and boxing should be banned, says BMA
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The BMA is renewing its calls for an outright ban on boxing, including mixed martial arts, ahead of a combat sport tournament to be held on Saturday 8 September in London's East End.

The BMA's Board of Science, which has issued a new report on the latest evidence of the damaging effects of boxing, says that the relatively new mixed martial arts format is just as dangerous.

Mixed martial arts involves various fighting techniques, in which a combination of wrestling, boxing, and martial …
Cardiovascular adaptations to intense swim training in sedentary middle-aged men and women.
Authors: W H Martin, J Montgomery, P G Snell, J R Corbett, J J Sokolov, J C Buckey, D A Maloney, C G Blomqvist
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Central and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations to 12 weeks of intense swim training were characterized in 12 previously sedentary middle-aged men and women. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) during upright bicycle exercise improved from 29.2 +/- 5.6 to 34.7 +/- 6.7 ml/kg/min (mean +/- SD, p less than .01) because of similar increases in peak cardiac output (CO) and calculated arteriovenous oxygen difference (both p = .02). Peak supine VO2 was 10% higher after training (p less than .005) solely because of enhanced CO (p = .005). Peak heart rate decreased in both postures; therefore stroke volume at peak exercise was greater by 10% and 18% in the upright and supine postures, respectively (p = .05 and p = .005). There was an identical 18% rise (p = .01) in peak supine left ventricular end-diastolic volume index by radionuclide ventriculography but no change in left ventricular ejection fraction or end-systolic volume index (ESVI). Peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) was unchanged in the upright posture but was 8% higher (p = .002) during recumbency despite a similar total peripheral resistance and SBP/ESVI ratio. Maximal calf conductance (Gmax), assessed separately by venous occlusion plethysmography after local ischemic exercise to fatigue, was augmented 20% (p less than .02) by training, resulting in an 18% greater hyperemic blood flow (p = .05). Peak VO2, CO, and Gmax were unchanged in five nonexercising control subjects. We conclude that in middle-aged humans, intense swim training for 12 weeks produces adaptations that include a greater capacity for vasodilatation in skeletal muscle and an enhanced cardiac pump capacity.
Osteopoikilosis: A Benign Condition With the Appearance of Metastatic Bone Disease
Authors: Chun Ng, Larisa Schwartzman, Renee Moadel, Missak Haigentz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Case Report A 37-year-old woman with a history of migraines and gastritis presented to the emergency department with 1 day of right adnexal pain. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the pelvis performed to evaluate the pelvic pain showed a fluid-filled structure in the right adnexa, indicating a possible tubo-ovarian abscess. The patient was subsequently admitted to the hospital for treatment with antibiotics. Incidentally found on CT imaging were diffuse sclerotic foci (Fig 1) throughout the visualized spine and pelvis, suggesting asymptomatic metastatic disease. Physical examination was only significant for right lower quadrant tenderness, corresponding to the CT findings. There was no lymphadenopathy, mass, or obvious tenderness of her spine and pelvis. Initial laboratory results showedanormalcompletebloodcountandserumchemistries, including calcium of 9.8 mg/dL, and alkaline phosphatase of 63 U/L, and normal CA125 level. CT imaging of the chest showed diffuse blastic-appearing lesions throughout the skeleton without notable lymphadenopathy or mass. A nuclear bone scan was found to be normal, without evidence of any blastic metastatic lesions (Fig 2). The patient was ultimately given the diagnosis of osteopoikilosis, a rare benign condition of the bone.
TCT-850 Patients undergoing PCI via the femoral artery in a default radial centre have very high BARC bleeding rates and subsequent bleeding 30 day and 1 year mortality
Authors: Mohammad Muezz Uddin, Shantu Bundhoo, Senthil K. Elangovan, Fairoz B. Abdul, Nick Ossei-Gerning, RIchard Anderson, Tim D. Kinnaird
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Two Unique Novel Prostate-Specific and Androgen-Regulated Fusion Partners of <i>ETV4</i> in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Karin G. Hermans, Anke A. Bressers, Hetty A. van der Korput, Natasja F. Dits, Guido Jenster, Jan Trapman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Recently, fusion of ERG to the androgen-regulated, prostate-specific TMPRSS2 gene has been identified as the most frequent genetic alteration in prostate cancer. At low frequency, TMPRSS2-ETV1 and TMPRSS2-ETV4 fusion genes have been described. In this study, we report two novel ETV4 fusion genes in prostate cancer: KLK2-ETV4 and CANT1-ETV4. Both gene fusions have important unique aspects. KLK2 is a well-established androgen-induced and prostate-specific gene. Fusion of KLK2 to ETV4 results in the generation of an additional ETV4 exon, denoted exon 4a. This novel exon delivers an ATG for the longest open reading frame, in this way avoiding translation start in KLK2 exon 1. Although wild-type CANT1 has two alternative first exons (exons 1 and 1a), only exon 1a was detected in CANT1-ETV4 fusion transcripts. We show that CANT1 transcripts starting at exon 1a have an androgen-induced and prostate-specific expression pattern, whereas CANT1 transcripts starting at exon 1 are not prostate specific. So, the two novel ETV4 fusion partners possess as predominant common characteristics androgen-induction and prostate-specific expression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3094–8]
Recombinant Leukocyte A Interferon: An Active Agent in Advanced Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: PAUL A. BUNN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

High-dose recombinant leukocyte A interferon (50 X 106 U/m2 body surface area, intramuscularly, three times weekly) was tested in a clinical trial involving patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas to determine its effectiveness and toxicity. All 20 patients had advanced stages of disease refractory to two or more standard therapies. Objective partial remissions lasting 3 months to more than 25 months (median, 5 months) were documented in 9 patients. The major dose-limiting toxicity was a severe influenza-like syndrome with malaise, anorexia, depression, weight loss, and decreased performance status; this effect was reversible after dose reductions in all patients and did not recur with re-escalation of doses in 10 patients. This interferon preparation is highly effective in the treatment of advanced refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and new schedules to reduce toxicity and achieve complete responses, combined treatment with chemotherapy or serotherapy, and its use in earlier stages of disease should be investigated.
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Controls the DNA Damage Response and a Lineage-Specific Senescence Program in Melanomas
Authors: Sandy Giuliano, Yann Cheli, Mickaël Ohanna, Caroline Bonet, Laurent Beuret, Karine Bille, Agnès Loubat, Véronique Hofman, Paul Hofman, Gilles Ponzio, Philippe Bahadoran, Robert Ballotti, Corine Bertolotto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Apoptosis and senescence are cellular failsafe programs that counteract excessive mitogenic signaling observed in cancer cells. Melanoma is known for its notorious resistance to apoptotic processes; therefore, senescence, which remains poorly understood in melanomas, can be viewed as a therapeutic alternative. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), in which its M transcript is specifically expressed in melanocyte cells, plays a critical role in melanoma proliferation, and its specific inhibition is associated with G(0)-G(1) growth arrest. Interestingly, decreased MITF expression has been described in senescent melanocytes, and we have observed an inhibition of MITF expression in melanoma cells exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs that induce their senescence. All these observations thereby question the role of MITF in controlling senescence in melanoma cells. Here, we report that long-term depletion of MITF in melanoma cells triggers a senescence program characterized by typical morphologic and biochemical changes associated with a sustained growth arrest. Further, we show that MITF-silenced cells engage a DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway, leading to p53 upregulation, which is critically required for senescence entry. This study uncovers the existence of a lineage-restricted DDR/p53 signaling pathway that is inhibited by MITF to prevent senescence and favor melanoma cell proliferation.
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Schizophrenia
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Question 1.Based on the best evidence to date, what is the median incidence of schizophrenia?About 15 per 100,000 persons per year About 100 per 100,000 persons per year About 1,000 per 100,000 persons per year Question 2. What is the average age of onset of schizophrenia? 15 years 25 years 35 years Question 3. Roughly what proportion of people diagnosed with schizophrenia experience recurrent relapse and continued disability?About 90% About 75% About 50% Question 4. Is the prognosis of schizophrenia better in developing or developed countries?Developing countries Developed countries Question 5. Which of the following best refl ects the evidence on the sex ratio of schizophrenia?The disease is equally as likely to affect men and womenThe incidence of the disease is higher in women The incidence of the disease is higher in men
Knee Pain Due to Saphenous-Nerve Entrapment
Authors: H. P. Kopell, W. A. L. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

PAIN in the knee, as in other joints, can arise either from intrinsic or from extrinsic sources. The intrinsic sources include infections, disorganization of the connective-tissue complex, neoplasms and the derangements caused by trauma, one of which is the frequently overlooked traumatic prepatellar neuralgia described by Gordon.1 Extrinsic sources may exist in the musculoskeletal system, either central or peripheral to the knee. Centrally, a pathologic process in or near the hip joint can give rise to knee pain. It is believed that impulses from the obturator-nerve stimulation cause an overflow in the internuncial pool, giving rise to sensation derived from . . .
Has ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) a choleretic effect in non-obstructive chronic cholestatic liver disease? A pathophysiological study
Authors: M. Fracchia, G. Galatola, R. Pellerito, R. Ferraris, L. Gallo, P. Secreto, F. Rosina, M. De la Pierre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Stem cell factor and high-dose twice daily filgrastim is an effective strategy for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in patients with indolent lymphoproliferative disorders previously treated with fludarabine: results of a Phase II study with an historical comparator
Authors: K E Herbert, S Morgan, H M Prince, D A Westerman, M M Wolf, D A Carney, K Yuen, J di Iulio, J F Seymour
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
An Obstinate Case of Intestinal Myiasis
Authors: W. B. HERMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 January 1933An Obstinate Case of Intestinal MyiasisW. B. HERMS, M.A., Q. O. GILBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. B. HERMS, M.A.Search for more papers by this author, Q. O. GILBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-7-941 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBy the term myiasis is usually meant the invasion of organs or tissues of animals including man by the larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera. Although there are a number of species of flies, notably the Oestridae (bots, warbles, etc.), in which this invasion is an obligatory form of parasitism there are many more species in which this is an accidental relationship, i.e., the normal existence is free-living and invasion of the internal organs of higher animals is through ingestion of infested food or drink, or ingress through wounds or the natural openings (nasal and anal).Among the...References1 THÉBAULT V: Hémorrhagie intestinale et affection typoïde causée par des larves de diptere, Arch. Parasitol., 1901, iv, 353-361. Google Scholar2 RILEYJOHANNSEN WAOA: Medical entomology; insects and allied forms which affect the health of man and animals, 1932, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, viii, 467. Google Scholar3 PARKER GH: Possible pedogenesis in the blow-fly. Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen, Psyche, 1922, xxxix, 127-131. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Medical Entomology Laboratory of the Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California.Presented at the Sixteenth Annual Clinical Session of the American College of Physicians, Berkeley, California, April 5, 1932. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIntestinal myiasisMyiasis: The Rise and Fall of Maggot TherapyMaggot therapy: a review of the therapeutic applications of fly larvae in human medicine, especially for treating osteomyelitisA CASE OF ENDEMIC CUTANEOUS MYIASIS.Gastrointestinal MyiasisIntestinal Myiasis of a Human Caused by Maggots of the Flesh-fly, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Fin.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), in Southwestern OntarioArthropoden als Krankheitserreger und -überträgerANOTHER CASE OF INTESTINAL MYIASIS*MARCUS W. LYON JR., M.D., JOHN D. MIZELLE, PH.D. 1 January 1933Volume 6, Issue 7Page: 941-945KeywordsFoodIngestionParasitologyResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 January 1933 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Contribution of passive smoking to respiratory cancer.
Authors: L H Kuller, L Garfinkel, P Correa, N Haley, D Hoffmann, S Preston-Martin, D Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This article reviews data from experimental and epidemiologic studies on passive smoking and makes 12 recommendations for further study. The physicochemical nature of passive smoke, the smoke inhaled by nonsmokers, differs significantly from the mainstream smoke inhaled by the active smoker. At present, measurement of urinary cotinine appears to be the best method of assessing exposures to passive smoking. Data indicate that the greater number of lung cancers in nonsmoking women is probably related to environmental tobacco smoke. Exposures in utero and very early in life to passive smoking may be important in relationship to the subsequent development of cancer and need further consideration. The short-term effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the cardiovascular system, especially among high-risk individuals, may be of greater concern than that of cancer and requires further study. Further study of increased risks of lung cancers in relation to environmental tobacco smoke exposure requires larger collaborative studies to identify lung cancer cases among nonsmokers, better delineation of pathology, and more careful selection of controls. In addition, studies of epithelial cells or specific cytology should be undertaken to determine evidence of cellular changes in relation to environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Animal inhalation studies with passive smoke should be initiated with respect to transplacental carcinogenesis, the relationship of sidestream smoke exposure with lung cancer, the induction of tumors in the respiratory tract and other organs, and the differences in the physicochemical natures of sidestream and mainstream smoke.
Statistical Concepts Fundamental to Investigations
Authors: Lincoln E. Moses
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Statistics may be defined as a body of concepts and methods for learning from experience — usually captured as counts or measurements from many separate instances showing individual variation. A little more specifically, statistics refers to the aspects of interpreting quantitative data that tend to be independent of the specific data at hand and thus to carry over from one problem to another. Examples of statistical concepts in this context are randomness, independence, and bias; examples of statistical methods include sampling, quality control, estimation of variances, and calculation of P values. Nearly all scientific investigators find that their work sometimes . . .
Orientation-Dependent Regulation of Integrated HIV-1 Expression by Host Gene Transcriptional Readthrough
Authors: Yefei Han, Yijie B. Lin, Wenfeng An, Jie Xu, Hung-Chih Yang, Karen O'Connell, Dominic Dordai, Jef D. Boeke, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Enhanced Radioiodine Uptake in a Patient With Poorly Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Treatment With Rosiglitazone
Authors: Alan N. Elias, Paul Lizotte
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The effect of pretreatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, rosiglitazone, on radioiodine uptake and serum thyroglobulin levels in a patient with radioiodine-resistant papillary thyroid cancer is described. Treatment with rosiglitazone resulted in enhanced radioiodine uptake in areas of presumed metastatic disease in the neck that were previously only faintly seen, and serum thyroglobulin fell from a pretreatment level of 41 ng/mL to less than 2 ng/mL.