tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 275: The shedding of epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated by MMP-2 or MMP-9 and stimulated by fibronectin in MDA-MB-468 cells
Authors: Luis E. Vazquez-Quinones, Blanca L. Valle, Krizia L. Cabrera-Toro, Sheila Torres-Rodríguez, Hazel Ozuna-Vázquez, Marianela Pérez-Torres, Elsa M. Cora
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential for cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis. Alterations in the ERBB signaling pathway have been detected in several human cancers. Soluble isoforms of EGFR generated by proteolytic cleavage of the membrane bound receptor have been identified in several cell lines. The shedding of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells generates a fragment of approximately 110 kDa that comprises the extracellular domain plus four amino acids of the transmembrane domain of the full-length receptor. The shedding of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 is activated by two ligands of the receptor (EGF, TGF-alpha), fetal bovine serum, an inhibitor of phosphatases (pervanadate) and by an activator of metalloproteases (i.e. APMA). However, the proteolytic activity that cleaves EGFR is unknown. Studies using metalloprotease inhibitors have suggested that matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are involved in the shedding of EGFR. Here, we show that the shedding of EGFR increased in MDA-MB-468 cells treated with activated MMP-2 and MMP-9. Similarly, we observed cleavage of the receptor when EGFR (Sigma) or membrane preparations from MDA-MB-468 cells were incubated in vitro with activated MMP-2 or MMP-9. This cleavage was blocked when antibodies against MMP-2 or MMP-9 were included in the incubation mixture. Since fetal bovine serum increases the shedding of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells, we evaluated whether other serum components in addition to EGF and TGF-alpha have similar effect. Our results showed that the shedding of EGFR increased when fibronectin (Sigma) was added to MDA-MB-468 cells growing in serum free culture medium. This increase in the shedding of EGFR by fibronectin was dose and time dependent and was abolished when antibodies against α1β5 integrin was added to the incubation medium. Together, these results strongly suggest that the shedding of EGFR is mediated by MMP-2 and MMP-9 and therefore, it is of physiological relevance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 275.
Of Mice but Not Men
Authors: S Hellman, D S Hellman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

As medicine has become increasingly scientific and less accepting of unsupported opinion or proof by anecdote, the randomized controlled clinical trial has become the standard technique for changing diagnostic or therapeutic methods. The use of this technique creates an ethical dilemma.1 , 2 Researchers participating in such studies are required to modify their ethical commitments to individual patients and do serious damage to the concept of the physician as a practicing, empathetic professional who is primarily concerned with each patient as an individual. Researchers using a randomized clinical trial can be described as physician-scientists, a term that expresses the tension between the . . .
US food agency defines new rules for listing calories on menus
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Chain restaurants, retail food outlets, and vending machines in the United States will be required to list the calorie content of the foods they sell, under new regulations released on 25 November by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Under the new rules1 2 establishments will also be required, at their consumers’ request, to provide written information about the total calories, total fat, calories from fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, and protein contained in the items listed on their menus and menu boards.

In an official blog Margaret Hamburg, FDA director, said that when people eat out they have been shown …
Hospital Cost Shifting
Authors: Paul B. Ginsburg, Frank A. Sloan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

RECENTLY, the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA), which is the trade association for commercial health insurers, has mounted a campaign to Call attention to what it perceives as "cost shifting" in payment for hospital care.1 Specifically, HIAA claims that insurers that pay hospitals through methods other than the payment of charges — such as Medicare, Medicaid, and some Blue Cross plans — pay less than the cost of treating their beneficiaries and that, as a result, charge-paying patients (or their insurers) must pay more. It estimates the cost shift for 1981 to have been about S4.8 billion.HIAA fears . . .
Long-Term Follow-Up of Selected Lobotomized Private Patients
Authors: Frank O. Shobe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Psychosurgery, especially lobotomy, has fallen into unwarranted disrepute in many psychiatric centers. This is a 6- to 18-year follow-up of 27 chronically ill private patients who were lobotomized between 1951 and 1959. All but two lobotomies were unilateral and performed on the nondominant hemisphere. Only five patients remained in hospitals. Eighteen made excellent postoperative adjustments. This study indicates that lobotomy in carefully selected patients is an excellent treatment method. Two thirds of these patients, for whom there was otherwise a poor outlook, returned to normal life.
Mesenteric vein thrombosis secondary to combined protein C deficiency and double heterozygosity for factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A
Authors: M.S. Hertzberg, T. Underwood, E.J. Favaloro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

To the Editor: Hb S (␤6 Glu-Val), Hb D Los Angeles (␤121 Glu-Gln) and Hb O Arab (␤121 Glu-Lys) are the most common variants in Turkish population including Turkish Cypriots [1,2].Either during screening of the population or to enlighten the reason of anemia; several abnormal hemoglobin variants can be detected by screening techniques and further molecular identification of these variants is needed.There are several identification methods such as protein chemical structural analysis, restriction enzyme digestion, sequencing, and oligonucleotide hybridization [3,4].Previously, we and others reported restriction enzyme digestion protocols for direct detection of common hemoglobin variants found in general population [5][6][7][8][9].These methods were convenient, rapid, cheap, and nonradioactive.In this report, we aim to determine the feasibility of these restriction enzyme protocols in our population.During the last 4 years, 65 hemoglobin variants were referred to our laboratory for molecular analysis, excluding hemoglobin S.These were analysed according to previously reported restriction enzyme analysis protocols [5-9] (Table I).Fifty-four of them were identified.Of these 21 were Hb D Los Angeles (␤121 Glu-Gln); 23 were Hb O Arab (␤121 Glu→Lys); five were Hb C (␤6 Glu-Lys); one was Hb D Los Angeles in combination with Hb S; two were Hb E Saskatoon (␤22 Glu-Lys); and two were (␤26 Glu-Lys).Further analysis was needed in only 11 (16.9%)samples.These variants were moved as Hb D (7 case); Hb E (2 case) and Hb J (2 cases) at cellulose acetate electrophoresis.Our data revealed that our previously reported restriction enzyme digestion protocols are convenient, rapid and feasible, especially in populations where these mutations are prevalent.
SPORT-RELATED INJURIES DURING YOUTH AND NATIONAL COMBINED EVENTS CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: P Edouard, P Samozino, G Escudier, A Baldini, JB Morin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background In International Association of Athletics Federation and European Athletics competitions, higher injury incidences were reported for athletes participating in combined events. Objective To record and analyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries incurred during Youth and National combined events Championships. Design Prospective recording of newly occurred injuries. Setting French Athletics Combined Events Championships in Athletics 2010 in Saint-Etienne, France. Participants Local Organising Committee (LOC) physicians and physiotherapists working in the Medical Centres at the stadium. Main outcome measures Incidence and characteristics of newly occurred injuries. Results A total of 51 injuries and 9 time-loss injuries were recorded among 107 registered athletes, corresponding in an incidence of 477 injuries and 84 time-loss injuries per 1000 registered athletes. 72.5% of injuries affected lower limbs. The most common diagnosis was thigh strain (17.6%), followed by trunk muscle cramps (11.8%), knee tendinopathy (9.8%), and ankle sprain (9.8%). Overuse injuries were the most common injury cause (60.8%), either with gradual (33.3%) and sudden onset (27.5%), followed by non-contact trauma (31.4%). Among the 14 dropouts recorded, about two third were caused by an injury (57.1%). Conclusions During combined events championships at the youth and national, over one third of the registered athletes incurred an injury. This represented a higher injury incidence than during international elite athletics competitions. Moreover, these injuries concerned a younger population and affecting immature musculoskeletal structures. In combined events, preventive interventions should mainly focus on overuse and thigh injuries.
The protein kinase IKKε can inhibit HCV expression independently of IFN and its own expression is downregulated in HCV-infected livers
Authors: Myriam Vilasco, Esther Larrea, Damien Vitour, Stephanie Dabo, Adrien Breiman, Béatrice Regnault, Jose-Ignacio Riezu, Pierre Eid, Jesus Prieto, Eliane F. Meurs
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

During a viral infection, binding of viral double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to the cytosolic RNA helicase RIG-1 leads to recruitment of the mitochondria-associated Cardif protein, involved in activation of the IRF3-phosphorylating IKKepsilon/TBK1 kinases, interferon (IFN) induction, and development of the innate immune response. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease cleaves Cardif and abrogates both IKKepsilon/TBK1 activation and IFN induction. By using an HCV replicon model, we previously showed that ectopic overexpression of IKKepsilon can inhibit HCV expression. Here, analysis of the IKKepsilon transcriptome profile in these HCV replicon cells showed induction of several genes associated with the antiviral action of IFN. Interestingly, IKKepsilon still inhibits HCV expression in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to IFN receptors or in the presence of a dominant negative STAT1alpha mutant. This suggests that good IKKepsilon expression levels are important for rapid activation of the cellular antiviral response in HCV-infected cells, in addition to provoking IFN induction. To determine the physiological importance of IKKepsilon in HCV infection, we then analyzed its expression levels in liver biopsy specimens from HCV-infected patients. This analysis also included genes of the IFN induction pathway (RIG-I, MDA5, LGP2, Cardif, TBK1), and three IKKepsilon-induced genes (IFN-beta, CCL3, and ISG15). The results show significant inhibition of expression of IKKepsilon and of the RNA helicases RIG-I/MDA5/LGP2 in the HCV-infected patients, whereas expression of TBK1 and Cardif was not significantly altered. In conclusion, given the antiviral potential of IKKepsilon and of the RNA helicases, these in vivo data strongly support an important role for these genes in the control of HCV infection.
Further Observations on London Fog
Authors: R. E. Waller, P. J. Lawther
Journal: BMJ (1957)

There are few recorded cases of permanent sequelae fol- lowing rubella encephalitis.These have included ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, and personality changes (Davison and Friedfeld, 1938; Vestergaard, 1949).In the case described by Mitchell and Pampiglionq (1954), despite severe neuro- logical signs and gross mental changes at the height of the encephalitis, follow-up at six months revealed no sequelae and the intelligence was unaffected.The Table compares the incidence, mortality rate, and sequelae of the encephali- tides that may follow morbilli, rubella, varicella, mumps, and vaccination with vaccinia virus.No specific therapy is available, and the patient should receive symptomatic treatment: convulsions should be con- trolled by barbiturates, feeding given by an indwelling poly- ethylene tube in the comatose patient, and antibiotics given to control secondary bacterial infection.Kabat et al. (1952) studied the effect of cortisone on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced experimentally in rhesus monkeys.They found that the steroids had a capacity to inhibit granuloma formation, a condition which is essential for the production of the encephalomyelitis.The modification of the granulomatous response in turn leads to antibody suppression.From these results, and from the fact that rubella encephalitis may well be a consequence of an antigen-antibody reaction, it would seem reasonable to use the steroids in the treatment of rubella encephalitis.Schleisner et al. (1955) treated two cases that developed hyperpyrexia (usually a terminal phenomenon) with corti- sone and chlorpromazine.There was a dramatic subsidence of the fever, with complete recovery in both cases.Summary A case of rubella encephalitis with predominant cere- bellar signs is described, the onset of which preceded the eruption by one day.Another case of rubella meningo- encephalitis is described, the onset of which followed the eruption by one week.In each instance full recovery ensued and there have been no sequelae.The aetiology, incidence, clinical patterns, pathology, prognosis, sequelae, and treatment of the neurological lesions complicating rubella are dis- cussed.Contrary to general opinion, there is evidence to suggest that the incidence of rubella encephalitis (unlike its sequelae) differs little from that of morbilli encephalitis.
Diagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Leonard H. Sigal
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Drs Feder and Hunt<sup>1</sup>will serve as a good reminder that the misdiagnosis of Lyme disease is not merely a problem in adults. However, although it is true that in later features of Lyme disease (eg, arthritis or tertiary neuroborreliosis) patients are usually seropositive, it is possible for a patient to have early disseminated Lyme disease (eg, carditis, meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, or facial palsy) and be seronegative.<sup>2</sup>If a patient has features suggestive of early Lyme disease and is seronegative on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), one may detect serum antibodies by immunoblot or by cerebrospinal fluid evidence of immunoreactivity in the absence of measurable serum antibodies.<sup>3</sup>In patients with the earliest features of Lyme disease, the diagnosis may be made despite seronegativity. The authors point out that Lyme disease can be misdiagnosed in patients with neurologic, rheumatologic, and cardiac complaints in
Autotransplantation in Lymphoma: Better Therapy or Healthier Patients?
Authors: Antonella Surbone, James O. Armitage, Robert Peter Gale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Although some persons with large-cell lymphoma are cured with chemotherapy, most are not. In persons failing to achieve an initial remission and in those relapsing, rescue is generally attempted with further chemotherapy or, in some cases, radiation. Unfortunately, results of rescue therapy are poor. Recently, in an attempt to improve this situation, very high doses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) were administered followed by an autotransplant of previously stored hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow or blood. Early reports suggested a higher cure rate with the more intensive therapy that autotransplantation allowed. There is now widespread interest in autotransplantation
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) Mediated IgE Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of Allergic Asthmatics is Suppressed by Doxycycline
Authors: S.A. Kohlhoff, R. Joks, T. Kamath, A. Kutlin, T. Smith-Norowitz, M. Nowakowski, M. Bluth, H. Durkin, M.R. Hammerschlag
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Albert A. Epstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

The following conclusions may be drawn from the results obtained in this study. 1. In the minor surgical cases (considered normal) the chemical composition of the blood serum agrees, as far as its proteins are concerned, with the usual standard values. When examined at different times, the serum of such cases shows no variation in the total protein content or in its individual fractions. The incoagulable nitrogen, however, varies considerably in the total amount in the different cases, as well as in its percentage relations to the other constituents of the serum. 2. The cases of prostatic hypertrophy, with or without chronic interstitial nephritis, show no change from the normal in the character of the protein composition of the serum, nor in the ratio which the individual fractions bear to each other. On the other hand, the incoagulable and non-protein nitrogen of the serum show marked fluctuations, some of which correspond to the degree of functional deficiency of the kidneys. 3. In cases of localized infections of the kidneys, the changes in the blood serum are twofold. One concerns the proteins, and is traceable to the infection; and the other concerns the non-protein nitrogen, results from functional impairment, and varies with the amount of destruction of the kidney substance. Thus an increase in the globulins is observed in these sera similar to that occurring in infections in other localities; the non-protein content increases apparently in direct proportion to the degree of deficiency of the kidney, and becomes diminished when the function of the kidneys improves.
CLINICAL FINDINGS IN THE USE OF TOFRĀNIL IN DEPRESSIVE AND OTHER PSYCHIATRIC STATES
Authors: BENJAMIN POLLACK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

1. Preliminary observation would indicate that Tofrānil is a useful drug in the treatment of depressive states. It is not a tranquilizer and, therefore, is of little value in other conditions. It is a promising drug which can be used as an anti-depressant. However, its indication and scope must be studied for a longer period to determine what symptoms respond best to it. 2. The effect of Tofrānil in many patients can be increased by the concomitant use of a tranquilizer or a stimulant. In a number of patients Tofrānil, by removing the depressive elements, frees and exaggerates anxiety. 3. It can be used in combination with electric shock or after electric shock as a maintenance dose. 4. It is of little value in the treatment of schizophrenics and in paranoid types may often aggravate the condition and break down an unstable equilibrium to which the patient has become adjusted. 5. The combined use of Tofrānil and a tranquilizer is helpful in certain psychoneurotic states, associated with anxiety or with reactive depressions. 6. It is of value in the treatment of depressions occurring in the older age group. 7. High doses are unnecessary and the effective range is somewhere between 75 and 150 mgm. per day. 8. For the most part, side effects are minimal, particularly in the younger age group. As one approaches the older age group, the frequency of such side effects increases, but usually they are more uncomfortable than serious. In patients over 60 there may be a tendency to sudden falls which occur without warning. It is recommended that in older patients the dosage be limited to 75 mgm. or less. 9. Side effects can usually be reduced in frequency or intensity by a reduction in the dosage. 10. Long-term use of the drug is apparently necessary as patients may relapse, at least in the early stages when the drug is prematurely removed. Since the drug is rapidly excreted, it is necessary to give the medication 3 times a day.
Association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: national surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007)
Authors: Alireza Esteghamati, Omid Khalilzadeh, Armin Rashidi, Alipasha Meysamie, Mehrdad Haghazali, Mehrshad Abbasi, Fereshteh Asgari, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Elevated Rates of Diabetes in Pacific Islanders and Asian Subgroups
Authors: Andrew J. Karter, Dean Schillinger, Alyce S. Adams, Howard H. Moffet, Jennifer Liu, Nancy E. Adler, Alka M. Kanaya
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We estimated the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among specific subgroups of Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in a multiethnic U.S. population with uniform access to care.This prospective cohort analysis included 2,123,548 adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, including 1,704,363 with known race/ethnicity (white, 56.9%; Latino, 14.9%; African American, 8.0%; Filipino, 4.9%; Chinese, 4.0%; multiracial, 2.8%; Japanese, 0.9%; Native American, 0.6%; Pacific Islander, 0.5%; South Asian, 0.4%; and Southeast Asian, Korean, and Vietnamese, 0.1% each). We calculated age-standardized (to the 2010 U.S. population) and sex-adjusted diabetes prevalence at baseline and incidence (during the 2010 calendar year). Poisson models were used to estimate relative risks.There were 210,632 subjects with prevalent diabetes as of 1 January 2010 and 15,357 incident cases of diabetes identified during 2010. The crude diabetes prevalence was 9.9% and the incidence was 8.0 cases per 1,000 person-years and, after standardizing by age and sex to the 2010 U.S. Census, 8.9% and 7.7 cases per 1,000 person-years. There was considerable variation among the seven largest API subgroups. Pacific Islanders, South Asians, and Filipinos had the highest prevalence (18.3, 15.9, and 16.1%, respectively) and the highest incidence (19.9, 17.2, and 14.7 cases per 1,000 person-years, respectively) of diabetes among all racial/ethnic groups, including minorities traditionally considered high risk (e.g., African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans).High rates of diabetes among Pacific Islanders, South Asians, and Filipinos are obscured by much lower rates among the large population of Chinese and several smaller Asian subgroups.
Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach for adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: results of a prospective phase 2 study
Authors: B-S Cho, S Lee, Y-J Kim, N-G Chung, K-S Eom, H-J Kim, C-K Min, S-G Cho, D-W Kim, J-W Lee, W-S Min, C-C Kim
Journal: Leukemia (2009)