tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of hydrophilic chain length and iRGD on drug delivery from poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles
Authors: Zhenshu Zhu, Chen Xie, Qin Liu, Xu Zhen, Xianchuang Zheng, Wei Wu, Rutian Li, Yin Ding, Xiqun Jiang, Baorui Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Letter: Multiple sclerosis among immigrants.
Authors: G Dean
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In our experience many doctors and medical students believe that dextrose is a carbohydrate that is different from glucose and do not realise that dextrose is the name given in the British Pharmacopoeia (1973) and the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1973) for glucose monohydrate.This causes confusion in under- standing disease and in treatment.Glucose is the scientifically acceptable trivial name for D( +)-glucose.We make a plea for the universal use in medicine of "glucose" as the only name for this compound and of "glucose mono- hydrate" when it is necessary to specify that the glucose molecule is not anhydrous (as it carries one molecule of water)-and for the abandonment by pharmacists of the name "dextrose."
Drug industry is not tackling threats to public health, says WHO
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Profit driven drug companies are not developing enough drugs and vaccines to address two major threats to public health—influenza and resistance to antibacterial drugs—that could kill millions of people across the globe, the World Health Organization says in a new report.

In the report the Geneva based agency calls for urgent action to address these two and 15 other diseases and conditions for which it says treatments do not exist, are inadequate, or are not reaching patients.

The report, which was commissioned by the …
Calcium Cycling Protein Density and Functional Importance to Automaticity of Isolated Sinoatrial Nodal Cells Are Independent of Cell Size
Authors: Alexey E. Lyashkov, Magdalena Juhaszova, Halina Dobrzynski, Tatiana M. Vinogradova, Victor A. Maltsev, Ondrej Juhasz, Harold A. Spurgeon, Steven J. Sollott, Edward G. Lakatta
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Spontaneous, localized, rhythmic ryanodine receptor (RyRs) Ca(2+) releases occur beneath the cell membrane during late diastolic depolarization in cardiac sinoatrial nodal cells (SANCs). These activate the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) to generate inward current and membrane excitation that drives normal spontaneous beating. The morphological background for the proposed functional of RyR and NCX crosstalk, however, has not been demonstrated. Here we show that the average isolated SANC whole cell labeling density of RyRs and SERCA2 is similar to atrial and ventricle myocytes, and is similar among SANCs of all sizes. Labeling of NCX1 is also similar among SANCs of all sizes and exceeds that in atrial and ventricle myocytes. Submembrane colocalization of NCX1 and cardiac RyR (cRyR) in all SANCs exceeds that in the other cell types. Further, the Cx43 negative primary pacemaker area of the intact rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) exhibits robust positive labeling for cRyR, NCX1, and SERCA2. Functional studies in isolated SANCs show that neither the average action potential (AP) characteristics, nor those of intracellular Ca(2+) releases, nor the spontaneous cycle length vary with cell size. Chelation of intracellular [Ca(2+)], or disabling RyRs or NCX1, markedly attenuates or abolishes spontaneous SANC beating in all SANCs. Thus, there is dense labeling of SERCA2, RyRs, and NCX1 in small-sized SANCs, thought to reside within the SAN center, the site of impulse initiation. Because normal automaticity of these cells requires intact Ca(2+) cycling, interactions of SERCA, RyR2 and NCX molecules are implicated in the initiation of the SAN impulse.
Ashes to ashes
Authors: David Lockington
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Some readers may be familiar with Ash Wednesday, when members of the Roman Catholic community in Northern Ireland have charcoal placed on their foreheads as symbolic of the beginning of Lent. As time has gone by, this has become an overt statement of allegiance in certain areas.

I was working at a hospital when one such patient arrived with a huge mark on his forehead. After …
Definition of biological activity and quantitation of different families of human anti-HCV/E2 antibodies by generation of human recombinant anti-E2 monoclonal Fab by phage display combinatorial repertoire library
Authors: Roberto Burioni, Nicasio Mancini, Filippo Canducci, Enzo Petrelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Pietro Varaldo, Massimo Clementi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Opinion Polls on Health Care
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Public-opinion polls indicate that three quarters of the American public and a majority of hospital administrators, private-insurance executives, and corporate and labor-union purchasers of medical care believe that fundamental changes are needed in the nation's health-care system. Practicing physicians share this viewpoint about half the time, but most leaders of organized medicine disagree strongly and believe that only minor changes are necessary to improve the health-care system.These findings represent the overall conclusion of two national public-opinion surveys conducted by Louis Harris and Associates for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Although there are sharp differences of . . .
Development of suppository formulation safely improving rectal absorption of rebamipide, a poorly absorbable drug, by utilizing sodium laurate and taurine
Authors: Masateru Miyake, Naoki Kamada, Yoshikazu Oka, Tadashi Mukai, Takanori Minami, Hajime Toguchi, Masaaki Odomi, Ken-ichi Ogawara, Kazutaka Higaki, Toshikiro Kimura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Henry Jackson, Frederic Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

IN THIS article the involvement of certain organs will be discussed.Hilar Nodes and Mediastinal Tumor Hodgkin's Paragranuloma As has already been noted, involvement of the mediastinal lymph nodes occasionally occurs in Hodgkin's paragranuloma, and from the limited series of cases that have been under our observation, such involvement does not appear to alter the prognosis. Massive mediastinal tumors do not occur. Hodgkin's Granuloma It is a frequent event in Hodgkin's granuloma to find enlargement of the hilar nodes or the development of a large mediastinal tumor (Figs. 1 and 2). Peirce,1 not all of whose cases were subjected to biopsy . . .
Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for uncontrolled variceal bleeding in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Daniel Azoulay, Denis Castaing, Pietro Majno, Faouzi Saliba, Philippe Ichaı̈, Allaoua Smail, Valérie Delvart, Monzer Danaoui, Didier Samuel, Henri Bismuth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
GENDER OUTCOMES IN A COMMUNITY LEVEL 1 PROGRAM OF CATHETER-BASED RAPID REPERFUSION FOR ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Elizabeth Grey, Catherine A. Pastorius, Timothy D. Henry, Sue Duval, Denise C. Windenburg, Robert G. Hauser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Pneumonia Coincident with Surgical Injury
Authors: R. W. Foss
Journal: BMJ (1884)

TI BRITISH MLDCA JOURAL [May 31, s1884 states where vaccination was compulsory, the mortality from small- pox was taking up a small figure compared with France, England, and other countries where it was not; fourthly, the existing system of voluntary vaccination, although progressive, was attended with serious and important imperfections, exceeding irregularity, uncertainty, and inequality, for various reasons.The figures in the above table give abundance of thought for study, especially for those taking part in State medicine.I can throw out one suggestion, viz., the time of vaccination should be increased from three to six months.This would, in fine, remove the-popular prejudice of ascribing many ail- ments of children and many deaths to vaccination, and, in my opinion, would afford better protection against small-pox.
Increased Incorporation of Antiplasmin Into the Fibrin Network in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Anna Ågren, Gun Jörneskog, Graciela Elgue, Peter Henriksson, Håkan Wallen, Björn Wiman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Diabetes is associated with various vascular complications and is suggested to induce a prothrombotic state. In the current study, we characterized antiplasmin incorporation into fibrin in relation to other fibrinolytic compounds in patients with type 1 diabetes.A total of 236 patients with type 1 diabetes and 78 control subjects were investigated. The incorporation of antiplasmin into the fibrin network and the plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, tPA/PAI-1 complex, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, antiplasmin, factor XIII, and d-dimer were measured. In addition, we used global assays to study fibrinolysis.The incorporation of antiplasmin into the fibrin network was significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects without diabetes (1.65 ± 0.25 vs. 1.35 ± 0.18 mg/L, respectively; P < 0.0001). The patients also had lower PAI-1 activity (2.19 units/mL [interquartile range 0.96-5.42] vs. 4.25 units/mL [1.95-9.0]; P = 0.0012) and antiplasmin level in plasma (78.5 ± 13.3 vs. 83.2 ± 15.4 mg/L; P < 0.05), resulting in a higher fibrinolytic capacity (shorter clot lysis time; P = 0.0090). We did not find any important sex differences regarding fibrinolysis in the patients or in the control subjects.Patients with type 1 diabetes incorporate more antiplasmin into the fibrin network than control subjects without diabetes do and have a reduced PAI-1 activity and a shorter clot lysis time. These results suggest that patients with type 1 diabetes produce a fibrin clot that is more resistant to fibrinolysis, which, however, may be counteracted by an increased fibrinolytic potential in plasma.
Murine strain differences in airway inflammation caused by diesel exhaust particles
Authors: Y Miyabara, R Yanagisawa, N Shimojo, H Takano, HB Lim, T Ichinose, M Sagai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

To elucidate whether immunoglobulin (Ig) E or IgG are involved in the murine asthma model, we compared the pathogenic features of mice that were high IgG responders (C3H/He) with mice that were high IgE responders (BALB/c) after intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and ovalbumin sensitization. Both mouse strains received DEP intratracheally once a week for 5 weeks. After the second injection of DEP, ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide were injected intraperitoneally. After the last DEP administration, the mice were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of ovalbumin. DEP caused increased IgG1 production and airway hyperresponsiveness after ovalbumin sensitization in C3H/He mice, although IgE production did not change in either strain. Furthermore, in C3H/He mice, the number of eosinophils and goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium, and the expression of interleukin-5 and interleukin-2 were increased by DEP and ovalbumin treatments. In contrast, the pathogenic changes in BALB/c mice were weak, even though the same protocol was used. In conclusion, murine strain differences in response to air pollutants and allergens seem to be related to antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 production and cytokine expression in the lungs.
ABSORPTION VS. DIGESTION OF MILK.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

ages, far in excess of the average; he has seen the disappearance of serious gastro-intestinal disease and has recorded a mortality of but .75 per cent.To the application of physiologic principles of infant dietary, rather than to the therapeutics of infancy, the profession must look for a diminution of infant disease and a conquest over infant death.DISCUSSION.Dr. C. B. Van Zant, Denver, Colo.--If the Doctor will per- mit I would like to add a fourth factor to the three he has so strongly presented-the matter of locality.With the quantity and quality of food and the intervals of feeding exactly the same, it is a notable fact that in different places the results of infantile feeding will be very different.It is one thing to raise a child artificially in the country and another in the city.Like- wise differences will be apparent in different cities, much depending on external conditions.For a number of years I practiced in a crowded Eastern city ; later on, in Denver.I am quite confident, as a result of observation, that infantile feeding is a much simpler problem in Colorado than in certain other sections and that gastro-intestinal disorders in infants, bottle fed, are much less prevalent and much less fatal here than in the East.I am not able to explain this satisfactorily, but venture the following points as probably important : (a) an unusually good and pure milk-supply in Colorado ; (b) the •common, out-door life and (c) the greater freedom from micro- organisms productive of fermentative changes in foods.ABSORPTION VS.DIGESTION OF MILK.
p67-phox deficient chronic granulomatous disease due to heterozygous defects in exons 4 and 12 of the NCF-2 gene
Authors: Hyder Ali Khan, Robert A Good, Nutthapong Tangsinmankong, Julie Rae, Deborah Noack, Paul Heyworth, Noorbibi K Day, Sami Bahna
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is a direct transcriptional target of NF-κB and is aberrantly regulated in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: F Hariri, M Arguello, L Volpon, B Culjkovic-Kraljacic, T H Nielsen, J Hiscott, K K Mann, K L B Borden
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
THE COMPOSITION OF THE GASES IN ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: L. Hill, J. A. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1923)

IN ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.r symptoms are more likely to occur if the operation is hurried; the more quietly everything is done and the fewer the number of persons present the better will it b3 tolerated; at present the method is looked upon' as' somewhat of a therapeutic cutiosity and tends to attract too much attention.iRe8uUt8 It is as -yet difficult to estimate tlle value of -blood trans- fusion apart from its use in haemorrhagic shock, where its value is incontrovertible, since it is only too frequently resorted to as a last desperate hope.If it is to be of real assistance it must be used much more frequently and early, for its final valie will not depend on the cases of gastric ulcer snatchled from death, nor the occasional miraculous recovery of the pernicious anaemia patient, 'but rather on a sound understanding of its rationale and method of action, and such can only be discovered by frequent observations in.large numbers of varying conditions.In tlhose conditions where unkhown metabolic processes are' at 'work-for example baemophilia, purpura haemorrhagica, liaemorrhagic necrosis, etc.-much might be learned.-both of the value of blood trans- fusion, and even of' the underlying factors 'of these patlho-- logical conditions, by carefully carried out observa-tions; 'and,- again, its r6le in such chronic infections as tuberculosis tnight be found to be not entirely useless.
Reduced-intensity versus conventional myeloablative conditioning for patients with Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission
Authors: Satoshi Nishiwaki, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Masahiro Imamura, Hisashi Tsurumi, Kazuo Hatanaka, Keisei Kawa, Ritsuro Suzuki, Koichi Miyamura
Journal: Blood (2011)
Tenascin-C Levels in the Vitreous of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Yoshinori Mitamura, Shinobu Takeuchi, Kenji Ohtsuka, Akira Matsuda, Noriko Hiraiwa, Moriaki Kusakabe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Tenascin-C is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein that modulates cellular growth and adhesion. Tenascin-C is associated with angiogenesis (1,2) and has been detected in the epiretinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (3). There are no reports, however, on the vitreous concentration of tenascin-C. In this study, we investigated the vitreous of patients with PDR for the presence of tenascin-C.

We assayed tenascin-C levels in vitreous samples from 108 consecutive patients with either PDR (58 patients) or macular hole or idiopathic epimacular membrane (nondiabetic control subjects, 50 patients) who underwent …
Mechanism of early ischemic contractile failure. Inexcitability, metabolite accumulation, or vascular collapse?
Authors: Y Koretsune, M C Corretti, H Kusuoka, E Marban
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The basis of early ischemic contractile failure was investigated in perfused ferret hearts at 27 degrees C. Isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure fell by more than 50% within 30 seconds of the onset of total global ischemia and reached zero by 5 minutes. Monophasic action potential recordings revealed no decrease in excitability during this period. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained at 30-second resolution showed no significant changes in inorganic phosphate or phosphocreatine during the first 30 seconds of ischemia. Intracellular pH (pHi) and ATP changed even more slowly; therefore, none of these metabolites could account for the rapid fall in force. To gauge the contribution of intravascular pressure, we compared ordinary aortic flow occlusion with tissue-level ischemia induced by massive coronary microembolization at the level of the precapillary arterioles. Functional depression developed significantly more slowly in the microembolized hearts, despite accumulation of inorganic phosphate and protons comparable with that in ordinary ischemia. After microembolization, the time course of functional depression reflected much more closely the concomitant inorganic phosphate and pHi changes. Thus, our results provide novel evidence supporting the importance of vascular collapse in the mechanism of early ischemic contractile failure.
BILATERAL ABDUCTOR PARALYSIS IN A TWO DAYS OLD INFANT, WITH TRACHEOTOMY AND RECOVERY
Authors: Samuel J. Pearlman
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A case of bilateral abductor paralysis in a 2 days old infant requiring tracheotomy and ending in recovery is being reported to place on record one of the youngest infants recovering after a tracheotomy. It is also one of the very few cases reported in the literature of bilateral abductor paralysis in an infant, so diagnosed by direct laryngoscopic examination. Adams<sup>1</sup>reported the case of a 10 months old infant with attacks of crowing inspiration and dyspnea since birth. Laryngoscopic examination showed the vocal cords immobile in the adductor position, not inflamed, with an infolded epiglottis. The softer structures of the larynx including the false cords tended to roll in over the cords during inspiration. Tracheotomy was done with relief of the symptoms, but the patient succumbed to a sepsis ten days later. Tucker<sup>2</sup>reported a case of a 2½ months old infant with urgent dyspnea. Direct laryngoscopic
CDC proposes stronger endorsement of male circumcision
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Health providers should advise adolescents and adult men and the parents of male infants and boys that circumcision substantially reduces the risk of contracting several sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV, herpes, and human papillomavirus, say new recommendations proposed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 2 December.1

Although the CDC tempers its proposed guidance by noting that the decision to undergo circumcision is “made in the context of not only health considerations, but also other social, cultural, ethical, and religious factors,” the statement is the CDC’s strongest endorsement of the procedure so far.

“Although data have been accumulating about infant male circumcision for many years,” the CDC officials wrote, “clinical trials …
Lithium Carbonate-Induced Myxedema
Authors: Jan D. Wiener
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> E.D. Luby and his collaborators (<b>218</b>:1298, 1971) present an interesting observation. The mild antithyroid effect of lithium is well-known, although the mechanism of its action is incompletely understood. A goiter developed or increased in twelve of 330 patients in one series, but all remained clinically euthyroid.<sup>1</sup>In another Danish study, serum protein-bound iodine level was significantly decreased after one week of lithium treatment,<sup>2</sup>but there was a tendency toward control levels after some weeks. Dr. Luby's patient appears to be the first to become clinically hypothyroid during lithium treatment. Interestingly, this patient received an iodine-containing drug in addition to large doses of lithium carbonate during the month preceding the appearance of clinical signs of hypothyroidism. This drug, isopropamide iodide, has an iodine content of 26%; as the daily dose was 4 mg, it will have added 1 mg/day of iodine to the dietary iodine
Igbp1 is part of a positive feedback loop in stem cell factor–dependent, selective mRNA translation initiation inhibiting erythroid differentiation
Authors: Godfrey Grech, Montserrat Blázquez-Domingo, Andrea Kolbus, Walbert J. Bakker, Ernst W. Müllner, Hartmut Beug, Marieke von Lindern
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection on the Course of Syphilis and on the Response to Treatment
Authors: Daniel M. Musher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Purpose: To evaluate evidence that concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alters both the natural history of syphilis (by increasing the frequency of early neurosyphilis) and the response to penicillin. Data Identification: Review of major works on syphilis in the English language and files maintained since 1971, supplemented by a systematic search using Index Medicus and MEDLARS. Data Extraction: The works mentioned above were critically reviewed for information on early neurosyphilis and, where relevant, HIV infection. Results of Data Analysis: The central nervous system is regularly involved in early syphilis. Standard recommended doses of benzathine penicillin provide cerebrospinal fluid levels that are probably at the borderline of efficacy, and cure relies on treatment and an adequate host immune response. Early neurosyphilis, appearing within 2 years of onset of infection with Treponema pallidum, was uncommon in the prepenicillin era and usually occurred after inadequate therapy. This complication was exceedingly rare in the first three decades of penicillin use. In contrast, in the past decade, 40 patients with HIV infection have been reported to have asymptomatic neurosyphilis, or syphilitic meningitis, cranial nerve abnormalities (predominantly in cranial nerves II and VIII), or cerebrovascular accidents, singly or together. In 40% of cases, HIV infection was first diagnosed when neurologic symptoms appeared. Of the 38 patients for whom information was available, 18 had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 7 had AIDS-related complex, and 13 had antibody to HIV. Sixteen had previously been treated for syphilis, of whom 5 (31%) had received benzathine penicillin within the previous 6 months. Preliminary data also suggest that skin lesions and VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) antibody in HIV-infected patients with secondary syphilis respond more slowly to conventional penicillin therapy. Conclusion: Intensive therapy and follow-up observation is indicated for early syphilis in HIV-infected subjects. Novel approaches to treatment deserve systematic evaluation.