tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IgG3 cryoglobulins in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice: immunopathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and relevance to similar human diseases.
Authors: S Izui, T Berney, T Shibata, T Fulpius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

MRL-lpr/lpr mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. One of the unique serological abnormalities in this strain is remarkably high concentrations of cryoglobulins. Analysis of immunoglobulin components in their cryoglobulins has shown selective enrichment of a particular IgG subclass, IgG3. As IgG3 enrichment is also found in two other cryoglobulins, which are induced after injection with bacterial lipopolysaccharides or infection with malaria, IgG3 apparently represents a major source of murine cryoglobulins. Studies on murine IgG3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have clearly shown that murine IgG3 have the unique physiochemical property to self associate through non-specific IgG3 Fc-Fc interaction, and that most of them can generate monoclonal cryoglobulins. Most strikingly, IgG3 monoclonal cryoglobulins with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity induce extensive pathological manifestations: skin vascular purpura and glomerulonephritis with 9wire loop9 lesions. Although the cryoglobulin activity of IgG3 RF mAb is solely responsible for the generation of glomerular lesions (both RF and cryoglobulin activities are necessary for skin vascular lesions), the absence of nephritogenic activity by some IgG3 cryoglobulins supports the idea that qualitative features of cryoglobulins are critical to determine their pathogenic activity. The demonstration of a positive correlation between the production of IgG3 cryoglobulins and the development of lupus nephritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice further substantiates the pathological importance of cryogenic autoantibodies. On the other hand, it should be emphasised that non-cryogenerating IgG3 autoantibodies may not be harmful, but even protective, as a result of their interaction with pathogenic IgG3 cryoglobulins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authors' reply to Tabar and Kopans
Authors: N. A. de Glas, G.-J. Liefers
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It is impossible not to be passionate about breast cancer. Nevertheless, as researchers and clinicians we are obliged not to let the discussion sink in “turbulent waters whipped up by emotion, anecdotes and politics.”1

We agree with Tabar that the omission of data on detection mode seems to be a limitation of our study.2 3 However, the …
Britain should say sorry for antigay laws to tackle HIV in Commonwealth, says top Indian judge
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Great Britain should apologise for the laws that criminalise homosexual sex that it introduced to its former colonies, the judge who struck down such a law in India has said. Aid organisations say that these laws hamper efforts to reach people most at risk to prevent and treat HIV—and that they violate human rights. An apology might encourage repeal.

In July 2009 Justice Ajit Prakash Shah overturned section 377 of the Indian penal code, which had criminalised consensual gay sex in India since introduction by the British 150 years ago. “Great …
Antihypertensive therapy augments endothelium-dependent relaxations in coronary arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: M R Tschudi, L Criscione, D Novosel, K Pfeiffer, T F Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is an important complication of hypertension. Therefore, the effects of antihypertensive therapy on the endothelial nitric oxide (NO)/L-arginine pathway and vascular smooth muscle were studied in left anterior descending coronary arteries of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists CGP 48369 and valsartan, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril HCl, and calcium antagonist nifedipine were used as antihypertensive agents. METHODS AND RESULTS Rings were examined in myograph systems for isometric tension recording. In untreated WKY and SHR rings, acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L) but not bradykinin, substance P (both 10(-6) mol/L), or thrombin (1 U/mL) induced comparable endothelium-dependent relaxations. These relaxations were markedly decreased by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (10(-4) mol/L) and fully prevented by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-4) mol/L) or methylene blue (10(-5) mol/L). In vitro treatment of WKY and SHR rings with benazeprilat, CGP 48369, or valsartan (3 x 10(-7) mol/L) did not affect responses to acetylcholine. In SHR, chronic therapy for 8 weeks with benazepril HCl, CGP 48369, valsartan, or nifedipine (each 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 PO) similarly reduced blood pressure and increased endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (log shift at IC50, ie, half-maximal inhibition of a preceding contraction, 10-, 8-, 13-, and 13-fold, P &lt; .05 versus control), whereas relaxations to the NO donor 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1, 10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L) remained unaffected. In WKY, chronic therapy with nifedipine (10 mg.kg-1.d-1 PO) affected neither blood pressure nor relaxations to acetylcholine or SIN-1. CONCLUSIONS In rat coronary arteries, NO is synthesized via the endothelial L-arginine pathway and released after stimulation with acetylcholine. In SHR, chronic antihypertensive therapy with either angiotensin receptor antagonists, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or a calcium antagonist specifically increased the normal endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, probably because of their blood pressure-lowering effects, whereas the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to NO remained unaffected.
THE RELATION BETWEEN INVASION OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT BY PARATYPHOID BACILLI AND DISEASE
Authors: Theobald Smith, Helena A. M. Tibbetts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Hog cholera bacilli fed to mice disappear from the stomach within 24 hours, but remain and perhaps multiply in the ileum for at least several weeks. They promptly penetrate the mucosa and may be found in the spleen. Bacilli introduced subcutaneously quickly pass into the intestinal tract where they may be found for some weeks. Infected mice may harbor bacilli in the spleen for several months. Mice possess a relatively high degree of natural resistance towards hog cholera bacilli which gives way to large doses. Disease is probably the result of the invasion of the viscera from the digestive tract following feeding, but the relation between the dose fed and the numbers penetrating the mucosa is a variable one and the conditions favoring such invasion not determined. Contact with mice discharging bacilli failed to cause recognizable invasion of the digestive tract or the viscera.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF MÉNIÈRE'S SYNDROME
Authors: MILES ATKINSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In the past fifteen years a great deal of thought and investigation has been directed toward the cause of Meniere's disease without any entirely satisfactory answer being forthcoming. Many theories have been propounded based on experimental and clinical studies, yet each, when put to the test of therapeutic response, has failed to give complete satisfaction even to its sponsors. The reason for this is, I believe, that always the search has been for one single cause which will suit all cases, whereas it may be that Meniere's disease is not a disease due to one cause but a syndrome which can be produced by at least two causes. I suggest that the characteristic syndrome is the result of a vasomotor disturbance which in one group of cases is allergic in origin and in the other is due to a vasospasm. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate the validity of
Tumoral Calcinosis Appearances on Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: Elise Le Stanc, Didier Vilain, Catherine Tainturier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors report the case of a dialysis patient who progressively developed several soft tissue periarticular swellings, corresponding to tumoral calcinosis. This rare condition is the result of an unbalanced P-Ca product. It occurs in hemodialysis patients because of vitamin D intoxication (our patient's triggering factor) or, less frequently, secondary hyperparathyroidism. This patient presented with tumoral calcinosis of the right shoulder, right foot, and right fingers. These areas were visualized on Tc-99m HMDP imaging. He was treated with daily hemodialysis, aluminum hydroxide, Sevelamer, and the right foot and middle finger lesions were surgically removed. The right shoulder lesion was not operable because of deltoid muscle involvement.
THE ENUCLEATION OF THE EYE IN TWO MINUTES BY A NEW METHOD, WITH DEMONSTRATION.
Authors: A. T. MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The realization of the occasional need for simplifying this operation and of making it quicker, whilst at the same time preserving an equally good stump, led to the development here described.  The classical enucleation is that of Arlt where the conjunctiva is incised around the periphery of the cornea and dissected back, in fact deliberately turned back so as to expose the tendons, which are raised on the scissors and snipped in the succession, of one lateral and then two recti in the vertical plane preceding the nerve section. Bonnett also dissects the conjunctiva, raises the tendons on a hook and cuts all of the recti before severing the nerve. Knapp follows Arlt, with the exception that he does all his dissection on the hook. Arlt's procedure is deservedly the classical one, and will probably be the one followed in nearly every suitable case by nearly every operator inasmuch as
Acute effects of oral pirbuterol on myocardial oxygen metabolism and systemic hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure.
Authors: R E Rude, Z Turi, E J Brown, B H Lorell, W S Colucci, G H Mudge, C R Taylor, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Pirbuterol hydrochloride, an orally effective beta-adrenergic agonist, improves hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure, but its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and coronary blood flow have not been characterized. We studied the effects of 20-30 mg of oral pirbuterol on myocardial metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in 12 patients (six with coronary artery disease) with chronic CHF refractory to standard medical therapy. Pirbuterol induced an increase in cardiac index (1.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.3 +/- 0.2 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05) and a fall in systemic vascular resistance (1884 +/- 118 to 1391 +/- 69 dyn-sec-cm-5, p less than 0.01) 2 hours after administration. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from arterial and right atrial pressures did not change. Heart rate remained constant. Arterial-coronary sinus oxygen content difference narrowed (from 12.9 +/- 0.4 to 11.1 +/- 0.3 vol%, p less than 0.05), while no significant change occurred in MVO2. Myocardial oxygen extraction ratio and myocardial lactate extraction ratio did not change, and no patient developed angina or electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia. Patients with coronary artery disease had hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic responses similar to those without coronary artery disease. Pirbuterol effects substantial acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure without increasing requirements for coronary blood flow or myocardial oxygen delivery and without provoking myocardial ischemia.
Libya Sentences Health Workers
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low glomerular filtration rate and risk of stroke: meta-analysis
Authors: M. Lee, J. L. Saver, K.-H. Chang, H.-W. Liao, S.-C. Chang, B. Ovbiagele
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the link between a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline and risk of future stroke. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed (1966-October 2009) and Embase (1947-October 2009). <b>Selection criteria</b> Inclusion criteria were studies that prospectively collected data within cohort studies or clinical trials, estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline using the modification of diet in renal disease or Cockcroft-Gault equations, assessed incident stroke, had a follow-up of at least one year, and reported quantitative estimates of multivariate adjusted relative risk and 95% confidence interval for stroke associated with an eGFR of 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> or &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. <b>Data abstraction</b> Two investigators independently abstracted data from eligible studies. Estimates were combined using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by P value of χ<sup>2</sup> statistics and I<sup>2</sup>. Publication bias was assessed by visual examination of funnel plots. <b>Results</b> 21 articles derived from 33 prospective studies: 14 articles assessed eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and seven assessed eGRF at both &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> for a total of 284 672 participants (follow-up 3.2-15 years) with 7863 stroke events. Incident stroke risk increased among participants with an eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (relative risk 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 1.57; P&lt;0.001) but not among those with an eGFR of 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (1.07, 0.98 to 1.17; P=0.15). Significant heterogeneity existed between estimates among patients with an eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (P&lt;0.001). In subgroup analyses among participants with an eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, heterogeneity was significant in Asians compared with non-Asians (1.96, 1.73 to 2.23 <i>v</i> 1.25, 1.16 to 1.35; P&lt;0.001), and those with an eGFR of 40-60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup><i>v</i> &lt;40 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (1.28, 1.04 to 1.56 <i>v</i> 1.77, 1.32 to 2.38; P&lt;0.01). <b>Conclusions</b> A baseline eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> was independently related to incident stroke across a variety of participants and study designs. Prompt and appropriate implementation of established strategies for reduction of vascular risk in people with know renal insufficiency may prevent future strokes.
Assessment of human influenza pandemic scenarios in Europe
Authors: C Napoli, M Fabiani, C Rizzo, M Barral, J Oxford, J  M Cohen, L Niddam, P Goryński, A Pistol, C Lionis, S Briand, A Nicoll, P Penttinen, C Gauci, A Bounekkar, S Bonnevay, A Beresniak
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

The response to the emergence of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic was the result of a decade of pandemic planning, largely centred on the threat of an avian influenza A(H5N1) pandemic. Based on a literature review, this study aims to define a set of new pandemic scenarios that could be used in case of a future influenza pandemic. A total of 338 documents were identified using a searching strategy based on seven combinations of keywords. Eighty-three of these documents provided useful information on the 13 virus-related and health-system-related parameters initially considered for describing scenarios. Among these, four parameters were finally selected (clinical attack rate, case fatality rate, hospital admission rate, and intensive care admission rate) and four different levels of severity for each of them were set. The definition of six most likely scenarios results from the combination of four different levels of severity of the four final parameters (256 possible scenarios). Although it has some limitations, this approach allows for more flexible scenarios and hence it is far from the classic scenarios structure used for pandemic plans until 2009.
Uveitis and the Immunologically Compromised Host
Authors: G. Richard O'Connor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

UVEITIS, a term that is used rather loosely by ophthalmologists to connote inflammation not only of the uvea but also of the retina, optic nerve and vitreous body, has often proved an enigma to those interested in its cause. In its acute form, uveitis often produces severe pain, redness and photophobia. The condition is not only frightening to the patient, but often incapacitating as well. The vitreous humor may lose its transparency as a result of dense infiltration by inflammatory cells and fibrin strands, resulting, of course, in decreased visual acuity. Subsequent organization of the vitreous infiltrate may lead to . . .
Sickle Cell Disease: Diagnosis, Management, Education, and Research
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book is, essentially, the proceedings of a symposium held under the joint auspices of the Medical Society of the County of New York, the National Foundation-March of Dimes, and the Foundation for Research and Education in Sickle Cell Disease. The comprehensive text covers the subject admirably, with an almost minimal degree of repetition so common to multiauthored texts. Each lucidly written and generously illustrated chapter is by an acknowledged world expert. Although the text covers all of the topics indicated by the subtitle—diagnosis, management, education, and research—in reasonable balance, the sequencing of the chapters is poor in many areas. This reviewer would also have liked the inclusion of a much clearer set of recommendations for the therapeutic management of the diverse clinical problems that are so clearly delineated. The volume is truly comprehensive up to the date of the symposium, November 1971. The realities of publishing, which create an
Modulation of in vitro erythropoiesis. The influence of beta-adrenergic agonists on erythroid colony formation.
Authors: J E Brown, J W Adamson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Canine marrow erythroid colony growth is enhanced by agents linked to the adenyl cyclase/cyclic AMP (cAMP) system, including cAMP, a phosphodieterase inhibitor (RO-20-1724), cholera enterotoxin, and beta-adrenergic agonists. The adrenergic effect is mediated by receptors having beta2-subspecificity. These receptors are distinct from putative receptors for erythropoietin and those acted upon by cholera enterotoxin. In addition, the population of cells most responsive to beta-agonists is distinct from the majority of erythropoientin-responsive cells, perhaps representing a subpopulation of this class of cell. This demonstration of an adenyl cyclase-linked mechanism regulating mammalian erythroid colony growth provides a model for the modulation by other hormones or small molecules of in vitro and, perhaps, in vivo erythropoiesis.
Treatment of malignant ascitic and pleural effusion with Corynebacterium parvum.
Authors: H E Webb, S W Oaten, C P Pike
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Six patients with malignant effusions, five from adenocarcinomas and one from a melanoma, were treated by intrapleural or intraperitoneal Corynebacterium parvum. In each case there was a definite reduction in the effusions with a significant decrease in the number of malignant cells; in most cases the effusions stopped completely. Although none of the patients lived for more than a year after treatment, they were undoubtedly more comfortable, as they no longer required frequent paracentesis. In some cases the patients lived for longer than originally expected in a state in which the quality of life was acceptable.
Book: The Dressing Station: A Surgeon's Odyssey What for Chop Today?
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Jonathan Kaplan Picador, £15.99, pp 407 ISBN 0 330 48080 4 Gail Haddock TravellersEye, £7.99, pp 337 ISBN 1 903070 07 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Isn't it strange that even though we all go through the same medical school factory we all end up doing different things? However, some of us want to be more “different” than others and feel stifled at the thought of settling down to a “normal” job. The authors of these two books fall into this category. Jonathan Kaplan seems to thrive on working outside the mainstream. He went to medical school in South Africa before training as a surgeon in Britain, and going to America to teach and to do research. After he had had a research innovation “pinched” and realising that most American … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
HBV genotype B is associated with better response to interferon therapy in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis than genotype C
Authors: C Wai
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and precore/core promoter mutations have been implicated in spontaneous and interferon alfa (IFN-+related hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion.We performed a retrospective analysis of a previously reported randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of HBV genotype and precore/core promoter mutations on IFN-c~ response in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis.Clinical data and stored sera from 109 (95%) patients in the original trial were analyzed.Seventy-three patients received IFN-a and 34 received no treatment (controls).Almost all patients had HBV genotypes B (38%) and C (60%).Antiviral response was achieved in 39% and 17% of IFN-a-treated patients (P = .03)and in 10% and 8% of untreated controls (1" = 38) with HBV genotype B and C, respectively.Multivariate analysis identified HBV genotype B, elevated pretreatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and low pretreatment HBV-DNA levels but not IFN-a treatment as independent factors associated with antiviral response.Among the 66 patients with elevated pretreatment ALT level, antiviral response was achieved in 57% and 21% of IFN-a-treated patients (P = .019),and in 25% and 8% of untreated controls (P = .45)with HBV genotype B and C, respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that genotype B and low pretreatment HBV-DNA levels were independent predictors of antiviral response.In conclusion, our data showed that HBV genotype B was associated with a higher rate of IFN-induced HBeAg clearance compared with genotype C. Stratification for HBV genotypes should be considered in future clinical trials of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:1425-1430.)nterferon alfa (IFN-a) and lamivudine are the 2 currently approved treatments for chronic hepatitis B I (CHB) in most countries.'Both agents have limited long-term efficacy.IFN-a is associated with significant adverse effects, whereas long-term therapy with lamivudine may result in drug resistance.Thus, optimal patient selection for treatment is important.High pretreatment
THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO ADENOSINE AS A PREDICTOR OF ADVERSE CARDIAC OUTCOMES IN THE DETECTION OF ISCHEMIA IN ASYMPTOMATIC DIABETICS STUDY
Authors: Fadi G. Hage, Frans J. Th. Wackers, Shanti Bansal, Deborah A. Chyun, Lawrence H. Young, Silvio Inzucchi, Ami E. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)