tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Involvement of an NAD(P)H oxidase-like enzyme in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation by rat type II cells
Authors: R. J. van Klaveren, C. Roelant, M. Boogaerts, M. Demedts, B. Nemery
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Although alveolar macrophages are considered to be the primary cellular mediators of host defence in the lung, there is increasing evidence that type II cells may also play an active role in host defence. A study was undertaken to investigate whether type II cells generate O2-. and H2O2 via an NADPH oxidase-like system and whether exposure of the type II cells to soluble or particulate stimuli known to activate NADPH oxidase in macrophages also leads to increased production of H2O2. METHODS: Rat type II cells and alveolar macrophages were exposed to 10, 100, or 1000 nM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and the production of O2-. and H2O2 was determined by chemiluminescence. Thirty minutes before stimulation with 1 microM PMA type II cells were also exposed to the same concentrations of a protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist GF109203x, the non-selective protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (1, 10, or 100 nM), or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyliodonium chloride (DPI) (1, 10, 100, or 1000 microM). The effects of arachidonic acid, zymosan and Staphylococcus aureus on H2O2 production were determined. Cell membrane fractions from type II cells and macrophages were assayed for NADPH oxidase activity. RESULTS: After exposure to 1 microM PMA, O2-. and H2O2 generation increased 6.3-fold and 9.0-fold, respectively, in type II cells and 2.4-fold and 5.2-fold, respectively, in macrophages. In contrast to the macrophages, the increase in O2-. and H2O2 generation by type II cells was completely prevented by 1 mM KCN. Preexposure to GF109203x, staurosporine, or DPI completely prevented the rise in O2-. and H2O2 generation. Mean (SD) NADPH oxidase activity of 138 (38) nmol O2-./min/mg protein was found in membrane fraction I of the type II cells, and 102 (31) nmol O2-./min/mg protein in fraction II. Macrophages showed higher NADPH oxidase activity in membrane fraction II. In type II cells exposure to arachidonic acid led to a significant 5.3-fold increase in H2O2 generation, exposure to zymosan increased H2O2 generation 46-fold, and exposure to S aureus 25-fold with a maximum 30-50 minutes after addition of the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Type II cells generate O2-. and H2O2 via a PKC-mediated activation of an NAD(P)H oxidase-like membrane bound enzyme. Arachidonic acid, zymosan, and bacteria also give rise to increased H2O2 production. Type II cells might thus play an active role in host defence.
Gareth David Rhys Jeremiah
Authors: M K Heatley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Engineer who invented computed tomography and won the Nobel prize for medicine Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented the computed tomographic scanner, and thus made an incomparable contribution to medicine.An engineer, he conceived the idea of computed tomography during a weekend ramble in 1967.Initially it had nothing to do with medicine but was simply "a realisation that you could determine what was in a box by taking readings at all angles through it."Back in his workshop at EMI research laboratories in Hayes, Middlesex, he began work on a computerised device that could process hundreds of x ray beams to obtain a two-dimensional display of the soft tissues inside a living organism.By recording on sensors rather than x ray film and taking multiple pictures from a rotating photon source, a series of "slices" could be photographed that showed the different density of tissues.By making a series of such photographs at close intervals, it was then possible to have a three-dimensional image.The mathematics behind this was phenomenal, and other more powerful and better resourced research teams had, unknown to Hounsfield, considered the idea and dismissed it as unworkable.Soon he was practising on the head of a cow that a colleague obtained from a kosher slaughterhouse in east London, and he submitted his own brain for the first live human scan.The first patient was scanned in September 1971 at Atkinson Morley's Hospital in Wimbledon with the radiologist James Ambrose.The patient had a sus-
Expression profiling of a hemopoietic cell survival transcriptome implicates osteopontin as a functional prognostic factor in AML
Authors: Jason A. Powell, Daniel Thomas, Emma F. Barry, Chung H. Kok, Barbara J. McClure, Anna Tsykin, L. Bik To, Anna Brown, Ian D. Lewis, Kirsten Herbert, Gregory J. Goodall, Terence P. Speed, Norio Asou, Bindya Jacob, Motomi Osato, David N. Haylock, Susan K. Nilsson, Richard J. D'Andrea, Angel F. Lopez, Mark A. Guthridge
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 2439: Cross-linker evaluation in the design of antibody-SN-38 conjugates for cancer therapy
Authors: Sung-Ju Moon, Fatma Tat, Agatha Sheerin, Maria Zalath, Roberto Arrojo, Thomas M. Cardillo, Serengulam V. Govindan, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Antibody (MAb) conjugates of the potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, SN-38, prepared using the bifunctional derivative, ‘CL2-SN-38’ (maleimido-[x]-Phe-Lys-PABOCO-20-O-SN-38), were previously shown to produce significant and selective therapeutic efficacies of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. With a view to examining alternative linkers for possible improvement, we prepared a variant, namely maleimido-[x]-Lys-PABOCO-20-O-SN-38 (‘CL2A-SN-38’), and two other derivatives with cross-linker attachment at the 10-position of SN-38 instead of the 20-position: maleimido-[x]-Phe-Lys-N(Me)-(CH2)2-N(Me)-CO-10-O-SN-38 (‘CL2D-SN-38’) and maleimido-[x]-Phe-Lys-PABOCO-N(Me)-(CH2)2-N(Me)-CO-10-O-SN-38 (‘CL2E-SN-38’). In these, PAB is p-aminobenzyl moiety and ‘x’ contains a short PEG group to increase solubility. Conjugates of the humanized anti-CEACAM5 MAb, hMN-14 (labetuzumab), were prepared by reacting the maleimide-appended SN-38 derivatives with mildly reduced hMN-14. The SN-38/MAb molar substitutions were in the range of 5.9 to 6.3. In vitro studies showed a similarity in the stabilities, in mouse serum, of CL2 and CL2A-based linkers, but an order of magnitude greater stability for conjugates with linker at the 10-position; however, CL2D-SN-38 linker was inert to dipeptide cleavage by cathepsin B at the lysosomal pH of ∼ 5. The latter finding was also reflected in the loss of cytotoxicity due to hMN-14-CL2D-SN-38 conjugate in the LS174T colon cancer cell line in vitro. All conjugates were also evaluated in an exploratory preclinical therapy experiment in nude mice with aggressive s.c. LS174T human colon cancer xenografts. Conjugates were administered i.p. in groups of tumor-bearing animals (n = 10) at a schedule of 0.39 mg/kg of SN-38 equivalent twice weekly × 2 weeks. Untreated animals received saline. Mean tumor volumes (cm3) of animals in various treatment groups, on day 18, were: 0.073 ± 0.035 for the hMN-14-CL2-SN-38 positive control group; 0.055 ± 0.032 for the hMN-14-CL2A-SN-38 group; 0.518 ± 0.239 for the hMN-14-CL2D-SN-38 group; 0.490 ± 0.224 for the hMN-14-CL2E-SN-38 group; and 1.09 ± 0.88 for the untreated group. Median survival times (days) were 54.5, 55, 30, 25, and 26.5 for these groups, respectively. These results showed that a cleavable peptide was not necessary in the SN-38 conjugate design, as hMN-14-CL2A-SN-38 was equivalent to hMN-14-CL2-SN-38 in efficacy, and that hMN-14-CL2E-SN-38 was surprisingly much less efficacious than the CL2 and CL2A-based conjugates despite its higher relative stability. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2439.
A piece of my mind. No pretending not to know
Authors: D. L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"Send her on to ultrasound," I tell the obstetric resident. He had scanned the patient himself and hadn't been able to get the BPD measurement. He and I both have the same worst fear. I have some slim hope that maybe the baby's head is just very low in the pelvis and difficult to image, but we are long overdue for an anencephalic. As I read the patient's chart I learn she is at approximately 36 weeks' gestation based on an earlier ultrasound, one that we did. Panic. Did we miss the diagnosis before? I pull the early ultrasound; she was only eight weeks at that time and the scan was normal, even in retrospect. I don't expect to diagnose anencephaly by ultrasound at eight weeks. Mrs Jackson changes into a hospital gown and lies on the table beside the scanner. I can tell from her face that she is
Vulval Varicose Veins During Pregnancy
Authors: Robert A. Nabatoff
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Varicose veins are one of mankind's commonest afflictions. Physicians are confronted frequently by varices and their complications. Varicosities of pregnancy have a distinct pattern which is quite different from the varices in nonpregnant individuals. The varicose veins usually appear during the second or third month of pregnancy and become progressively larger until the last trimester. They may be unilateral or scattered over both thighs and legs. They frequently involve the vulva. The importance of pregnancy is emphasized by the fact that 62% of the women attending a varicose vein clinic first sought medical advice because of pregnancy, and the varicosities were diagnosed as incidental findings.<sup>1</sup>Susceptible individuals develop progressively larger varices with each succeeding pregnancy. The veins have a characteristic scattered distribution and give the appearance of multiple incompetent perforators. Varices can become huge after multiple pregnancies. If the varicose veins of pregnancy are effectively compressed, all symptoms and
Caesarean delivery in the second stage of labour: Revisit the past
Authors: Dermot Ryan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—For me as a general practitioner to respond to the editorial by Spencer et al may seem surprising,1 but the effects of poorly managed labour spill over into primary care with general practitioners having to pick up the pieces of an exhausted woman having endured a 48 hour labour, a failed forceps delivery, and, finally, a …
Fantasies of Psychiatric Research
Authors: LEONARD JACOBS, JOEL KOTIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors describe four fantasy themes encountered on psychiatric research wards and note that there are often painful conflicts of duty when the therapeutic approach and research procedures seem incompatible. They present some examples of the adaptive and defensive utilization of the four fantasy themes. The authors believe that if there is greater general understanding about the research fantasies of the various individuals who are involved in the psychiatric research ward, there will be greater opportunity for both valid communication and empathy for opposing points of view.
P10 Asbestos-induced diffuse pleural thickening--a continuing problem
Authors: V. Jeebun, S. Stenton
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Asbestos-induced diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) remains a relatively common but poorly understood disease. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed the clinical, physiological and radiological features of patients referred to our department for assessment. Diagnosis was based on a history of asbestos exposure, chest radiographic pleural thickening with blunting of costophrenic angle, and exclusion of other likely causes of pleural disease. <h3>Results</h3> 75 patients were identified. All were male. Mean age was 65±9 years. Asbestos exposures occurred in shipyards (n=35), construction work (n=19), power stations (n=4) and other/multiple sites(n=17). Median duration of asbestos exposure was 13 years. Presentation occurred at a median of 36 years (range: 12–55 years) after onset of exposure. Pleural disease was an incidental radiological finding in 18% (n=14). 72%presented with breathlessness, 27% with chest pain, and 11% had flu-like symptoms. 40% (n=30) presented with a pleural effusion, which was suspected to be asbestos-related. Mean latency for development of pleural effusions was 31 years (range: 12–55 years). 24 of these were unilateral only, and 6 were bilateral. Right-sided effusions were five times more prevalent than left-sided effusions. After the diagnosis of a pleural effusion, DPT was noted radiologically after a median of 7 months (range: 1 month to 2 years). In 10% (n=3), the effusion persisted over a median follow-up period of 2 years. Overall, 73% (n=55) had unilateral disease at presentation and 24% (n=13) were observed to progress from unilateral to bilateral disease after a mean time of 3.1±3.6 years (range: 1 month to 13 years) after onset of disease or diagnosis. Once established, the degree of thickening remained stable in 91% (n=68). There were no significant differences in either duration of asbestos exposures or latency in patients with stable versus progressive disease. No difference in duration of asbestos exposures was also found between those with unilateral versus bilateral disease. Most patients had restrictive abnormalities on lung function testing with mean TLC 74% and mean RV 73% of predicted. Radiographic appearances correlated poorly with lung function impairment or symptom progression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Understanding its natural history should help clinicians diagnose and manage asbestos-induced benign pleural thickening.
Book Review Smith's General Urology Thirteenth edition. Edited by Emil A. Tanagho and Jack W. McAninch. 743 pp., illustrated. Norwalk, Conn., Appleton and Lange, 1992. $38. 0-8385-8608-2 Urologic Surgery. By Hector Bensimon, with contributions by John F. Bresette and Richard H. Bensimon. 451 pp., illustrated. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1991. $150. ISBN 0-07-004795-2.
Authors: Brian Saltzman, Barry Duel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Effect of adherent cells on the regulation of BFU-E in patients with myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Evelyne Shabbad, Aliza Cassel, Paul Froom, Esther Aghai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract The interaction between adherent cells and red cell progenitors from peripheral blood of patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and healthy controls was studied. Various combinations of adherent and nonadherent cells were co‐cultured in a semisolid system. Adherent cells from controls, when added at low concentrations, stimulated BFU‐E proliferation, whereas high concentrations (40% of total cells in the culture) caused a significant decrease in the number of BFU‐E colonies in 6/8 PV patients, 4/4 ET patients, and 8/12 controls. On the other hand, low and high concentrations of adherent cells from both patients with PV and ET caused a significant increase in BFU‐E from either patients or controls. Moreover, adherent cells from these patients induced endogenous BFU‐E proliferation (independent of erythropoietin) in nonadherent cells of 12/12 normal controls. The results show that BFU‐E from patients with PV and ET are sensitive to suppression by normal adherent cells. On the other hand, adherent cells from these patients possess stimulatory activity on BFU‐E from peripheral blood at all concentrations and are devoid of the inhibitory activity. This suggests a possible defect in the functioning of adherent cells in PV and ET patients which may contribute to the abnormal regulation of hematopoiesis in these disorders.
Costs and effectiveness of prehospital thrombolysis need to be clear
Authors: M Kroese
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Pedley et al provide further evidence that paramedical staff providing prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction is feasible and reduces the treatment delay.1 However, no cost data were presented.

The authors say that two extra lives might be expected to be saved per 100 patients treated. It is unclear how …
Abstract C35: Neural stem cells transduced with adenovirus Interferon-beta prolonged lives of MDA 231 lung tumor bearing SCID mice
Authors: Raja S. Rachakatla, Ashley Reuter, Sherif S. Hassan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Conventional cancer therapies are not selective and leave patients of metastatic breast cancer with poor prognosis and serious adverse effects. It has been shown that neural stem cells (NSCs) migrate specifically to cancer affected tissues and can be engineered to carry anti-cancer drugs; Therefore, NSCs may be used as drug delivery vehicles to specifically target cancer cells. Our goal was to determine if NSCs transduced with adenovirus expressing IFN-beta (NSC-IFN-beta) would target and kill MDA 231 human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. In vitro: transwells were used to determine if NSCs and NSC-IFN-beta migrate towards and kill MDA 231 cells in vitro. NSCs and NSC-IFN-beta migrate towards MDA 231 cells (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and conditioned MDA 231 media (P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, only NSC-IFN-beta kill MDA 231 cells in vitro (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In vivo: A survival study was performed to test the efficacy of NSC-IFN-beta on MDA 231 lung tumor bearing SCID mice. Tumor bearing mice had greater lung weights (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Tumor bearing mice treated with NSC-IFN-beta lived longer than untreated mice (PBS) (median survival: 45 days versus 37 days, difference = 8 days, P = &amp;lt;0.05 and tumor bearing mice treated with NSCs (median survival: 45 days versus 31 days, difference = 14 days, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that NSCs with IFN-beta may be able to target and reduce human breast cancer in a metastatic SCID mice tumor model. Citation Format: Raja S. Rachakatla, Ashley Reuter, Sherif S. Hassan. Neural stem cells transduced with adenovirus Interferon-beta prolonged lives of MDA 231 lung tumor bearing SCID mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C35.
Authors’ reply: Measles on the cruise ship: links with virus spreading into an emergency department in Southern Italy
Authors: S Lanini, M R Capobianchi, M G Pompa, L Vellucci
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: Authors’ reply: Measles on the cruise ship: links with virus spreading into an emergency department in Southern Italy, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/19/art20803-en-1.gif
Lack of prognosic usefulness of hepatic pressures and hemodynamic values in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a prospective study
Authors: P. Deltenre, P. Ruffat, S. Hillaire, F. Vachiery, A. Elman, R. Moreau, D. Valla, S. Erlinger, D. Lebrec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
The Calcium Hypothesis on Hypertension
Authors: RICHARD P. WEDEEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1987The Calcium Hypothesis on HypertensionRICHARD P. WEDEEN, M.D.RICHARD P. WEDEEN, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-472_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The critique of the calcium deficiency hypothesis of hypertension offered by Kaplan and Meese ( 1 ) provides a substantial argument against the "theoretical construct" proposed to explain the inverse relationship between dietary calcium and blood pressure found in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) by McCarron and colleagues (2). The reasons for rejecting the epidemiologic methods are less compelling. Limitations of dietary recall should apply equally to all study subjects regardless of blood pressure. Similarly, brief experimental increases in calcium intake may be unrelated to the effect of lifetime dietary consumption of...References1. KAPLAN N and MEESE R. The calcium hypothesis of hypertension: a critique. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:947-55. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MCCARRON D, MORRIS C, and HENRY H. Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science. 1984;224:1392-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WEDEEN R. Blood lead levels, dietary calcium, and hypertension [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:403-4. LinkGoogle Scholar4. HARLAN W, LANDIS J, and SCHMOUDER R. Blood lead and blood pressure: relationship in the adolescent and adult US population. JAMA. 1985;253:530-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BATUMAN V, LANDY E, MAESAKA J, and WEDEEN R. Contribution of lead to hypertension with renal impairment. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:17-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD P. WEDEEN, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center East Orange, NJ 07019 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 472-472KeywordsBlood pressureCalciumEpidemiological methods and statisticsHealth surveysHypertensionNutrition ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus in Staphylococcus aureus hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E syndrome.
Authors: K Schopfer, A Feldges, K Baerlocher, R F Parisot, J A Wilhelm, L Matter
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Despite longstanding interest in convergent evolution, factors that result in deviations from fully convergent phenotypes remain poorly understood. In birds, the evolution of flightless wing-propelled diving has emerged as a classic example of convergence, having arisen in disparate lineages including penguins (Sphenisciformes) and auks (Pan-Alcidae, Charadriiformes). Nevertheless, little is known about the functional anatomy of the wings of flightless auks because all such taxa are extinct, and their morphology is almost exclusively represented by skeletal remains. Here, in order to re-evaluate the extent of evolutionary convergence among flightless wing-propelled divers, wing muscles and ligaments were reconstructed in two extinct flightless auks, representing independent transitions to flightlessness: <i>Pinguinus impennis</i> (a crown-group alcid), and <i>Mancalla</i> (a stem-group alcid). Extensive anatomical data were gathered from dissections of 12 species of extant charadriiforms and 4 aequornithine waterbirds including a penguin. It was found that the wings of both flightless auk taxa were characterized by an increased mechanical advantage of wing elevator/retractor muscles, and decreased mobility of distal wing joints, both of which are likely advantageous for wing-propelled diving and parallel similar functional specializations in penguins. However, the conformations of individual muscles and ligaments underlying these specializations differ markedly between penguins and flightless auks, instead resembling those in each respective group's close relatives. Thus, the wings of these flightless wing-propelled divers can be described as convergent as overall functional units, but are incompletely convergent at lower levels of anatomical organization—a result of retaining differing conditions from each group's respective volant ancestors. Detailed investigations such as this one may indicate that, even in the face of similar functional demands, courses of phenotypic evolution are dictated to an important degree by ancestral starting points.