tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overcoming drug resistance induced by P-glycoprotein on lymphocytes in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Tsujimura, K Saito, M Nawata, S Nakayamada, Y Tanaka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, causes drug resistance by exclusion of intracellular drugs. Here, we elucidate the clinical relevance of P-gp expression on lymphocytes to drug resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).P-gp expression on lymphocytes from 20 normal volunteers and 100 RA patients was analysed by flow cytometry. Drug exclusion analysis of lymphocytes was conducted by radioisotope-labelled dexamethasone.P-gp was overexpressed on RA lymphocytes compared with normal lymphocytes. P-gp expression levels were higher in partial responders with a Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28-3 of >5.1 despite taking at least two disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or one DMARD and corticosteroids for at least 2 years. P-gp expression levels correlated with DAS28-3. Intracellular dexamethasone levels (IDLs) in RA lymphocytes decreased according to P-gp expression. Tacrolimus, a P-gp inhibitor, restored IDLs in RA lymphocytes. P-gp overexpression in patients with highly active RA was suppressed by methotrexate but enhanced by corticosteroids. Furthermore, infliximab (3 mg/kg) resulted in improvement of RA disease activity, reduction of P-gp and recovery of IDLs.P-gp overexpression on lymphocytes might cause efflux of corticosteroids and DMARDs, P-gp substrates, from lymphocytes, resulting in drug resistance in patients with highly active RA. P-gp inhibition/reduction could overcome such drug resistance. Measurement of P-gp expression on lymphocytes could be a potentially useful marker for assessing drug resistance in RA, and may be suitable for selecting infliximab or DMARDs including tacrolimus for RA treatment.
INTRAVENOUS TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS.
Authors: G. FRANK LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

My clinical experience with the intravenous injection of mercury in syphilis is as yet limited. I nevertheless feel warranted in presenting that experience to the profession. I confess that it was with some hesitancy that I adopted the method. I have, however, been pleased with my experience thus far. I herewith submit a report of ten cases in which I have used the intravenous injection with mercuric chlorid. It will be understood that I do not claim that the intravenous method was the only one available in all these cases, nor am I yet in a position to assert that it should be used as a routine practice. In several, however, it was a most valuable therapeutic resource, and in all of them its action was superior to that of any other method in my experience. In "malignant" cases and lesions that seriously menace the integrity of the nervous system
Clinical Gallbladder Disease in Pima Indians
Authors: Leonard J. Comess, Peter H. Bennett, Thomas A. Burch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THERE is much clinical evidence that various American Indian tribes have a high prevalence of gallbladder disease. Sievers and Marquis,1 reporting on southwestern Indians (Pima, Papago, Hopi, Apache and Navajo), and Lam,2 on plains Indians (Sioux and Chippewa), each found cholecystectomy to be the most commonly performed surgical procedure. Hesse,3 in a report on the Pima Indians of southern Arizona, found 2.3 hospital admissions per 100 persons per year for gallbladder disease. Salsbury4 and Gilbert5 each stated that biliary-tract disease was common among the Navajo Indians at their respective hospitals.On the basis of these observations, our present study was . . .
The Professions in the Society of Today
Authors: Roscoe Pound
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN THE good old pioneer days in one of the younger western commonwealths a man conceived the idea that by putting a magnet in a box of ointment and leaving it there overnight he could produce a "magnetic ointment" with marvelous powers. He impressed a community with the value of his magnetic ointment and soon did a considerable business in making and selling it. On this he built up an extensive practice in the way of consultations with the ailing and prescribing different methods of using and applying the ointment according to the nature of the difficulty. Then came a . . .
Cholesterol and Exercise
Authors: Elihu York
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The<i>JAMA</i>issues for November 1986 contained articles concerning cholesterol lowering and reduction of heart disease. There seems to be a consensus that lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may be desirable for most people most of the time. Dietary manipulation, drugs, cessation of smoking, and control of high blood pressure all have an impact on risk factors. None of the authors commented on exercise having an effect on blood fat or reducing risk factors. Many physicians, physiologists, nutritionists, epidemiologists, and informed members of the public are aware that aerobic activity, such as walking briskly, jogging, swimming, bike riding, or cross-country skiing, helps control weight by reducing excess fat and altering lipid levels favorably in relation to cardiac risk. Although both dietary and pharmacologic manipulation may alter lipid protein levels favorably, transiently or temporarily, long-term benefits probably will be
The Tangier disease gene encodes yet another pathophysiologically relevant ATP-binding cassette protein
Authors: Attilio Rigotti, David E. Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Geneshave a major role in the control of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.Here we have identified two Tangier disease (TD) families, confirmed 9q31 linkage and refined the disease locus to a limited genomic region containing the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC1).Familial HDL deficiency (FHA) is a more frequent cause of low HDL levels.On the basis of independent linkage and meiotic recombinants, we localized the FHA locus to the same genomic region as the TD locus.Mutations in ABC1 were detected in both TD and FHA, indicating that TD and FHA are allelic.This indicates that the protein encoded by ABC1 is a key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport, hence we have named it cholesterol efflux regulatory protein (CERP).
Experimental myocarditis in the guinea-pig
Authors: V.V. Radhakrishnan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

In guinea-pigs, myocarditis was induced under experimental conditions by immunizing the animals with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin-beta. The salient histopathological features were foci of perivascular lymphonononuclear aggregates, necrosis, and degeneration of myocardial cells. Antimyosin-beta antibodies in the immune complexes were demonstrated in the sera of the guinea-pigs. An immune-complex-mediated tissue-injury is proposed in the pathogenesis of myocarditis.
Phenol in Herpes
Authors: G. P. Coopernail
Journal: JAMA (1910)

i ight in the only hospital along the coast of a thousand miles:luring my visit here we have had twenty operations on the eye, one amputation, the removal of a large tumor and numer¬ ous teeth extracted.In medicine we have had pleurisy, tuber¬ culosis, tetanus, smallpox, leprosy, paraplegia, different varieties of heart-lesions and other interesting cases.In gynccologv we have the usual run of inflammations and dis¬ placements, with alresia for a specially.Due of the peculiari¬ ties of the people here is that they never present I liemselvcs for treatment until the disease is far advanced, but of course there ian excuse for them in some cases, as they may have suffered for years before there was a hospital to come to.About 7.") per cení, of the people seem to have eye trouble of some soil.Trachoma, trichiasis, ulcération and opacity are the commonest tonus: vet inside a week one meets every¬ thing from simple ophthalmia to panoplithalinitis.In fact, one would have to be a specialist in every branch of medicine and surgery to do justice to the amount and range of material."Calls ai'e now in my hands from great cities, as well as
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS VERSUS BARE METAL STENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: EFFECT OF STENT LENGTH AND DIAMETER
Authors: Pascha Schafer, Matthew T. Sacrinty, Michael A. Kutcher, Renato M. Santos, Sanjay K. Gandhi, William C. Little, Robert J. Applegate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Managing Disease, or Managing the Self?: Philosophical Challenges to Patient Participation in (Mental) Health Care and the Need for Self-Management Training
Authors: Stefan van Geelen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

"Managing Disease, or Managing the Self?: Philosophical Challenges to Patient Participation in (Mental) Health Care and the Need for Self-Management Training." The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(6), pp. 21–22
Five cases of cyclical Cushing's syndrome.
Authors: A B Atkinson, A L Kennedy, D J Carson, D R Hadden, J A Weaver, B Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Reported cases of cyclical Cushing9s syndrome are rare. Of 14 successive patients with Cushing9s syndrome nine collected sequential urine samples for the estimation of cortisol:creatinine ratio. Five had cyclical Cushing9s syndrome while two had considerable variation in urinary cortisol excretion without a cyclical pattern being established. Two of the five patients with a cyclical syndrome had paradoxical responses to dexamethasone. In only one patient with a cyclical pattern did the cortisol:creatinine ratio fall after treatment with bromocriptine or cyproheptadine, or both. The high incidence of the cyclical form of Cushing9s syndrome has important clinical implications. A high index of suspicion of the syndrome is required in patients with symptoms or signs of Cushing9s syndrome but with normal cortisol values, in patients with fluctuating cortisol values, and in patients with anomalous responses to dexamethasone. Because of possible variations in steroidogenesis the results of drug studies in Cushing9s syndrome must be interpreted cautiously.
Uganda to launch door to door anonymous testing for HIV
Authors: B. Ochan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Uganda will soon launch a door to door blood testing survey to get a more accurate picture of the number of Ugandans with HIV or AIDS.

An estimated 100 000 people in Uganda have AIDS, out of a population of 25 million. Many are in urgent need of antiretroviral drugs.

Critics have disputed Uganda's figures, saying they are based mostly on data from pregnant women who visit antenatal clinics, among whom the disease may be more prevalent than in the general population.

The exercise is planned to take place between March and June next year and will be carried out by the Ugandan health ministry, with the support of the US Agency for …
Missed Opportunities for Pregnancy Prevention Among Insured Adolescents
Authors: Elyse O. Kharbanda, Logan Stuck, Beth Molitor, James D. Nordin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Birth to a teenaged mother is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Adolescents at risk for pregnancy may not receive needed reproductive health services at primary care visits.To review services provided at outpatient visits in the year prior to pregnancy among adolescents in a US Midwestern integrated health care delivery system.Retrospective medical record review of continuously insured adolescents aged 15 to 19 years experiencing pregnancy in a nonprofit Minnesota health care organization.Primary care visits in the year prior to pregnancy.Adolescents experiencing a pregnancy with stable insurance coverage had an estimated average of 2.7 primary care visits in the 12 months prior to becoming pregnant. Medical record review revealed that 57% did not have documentation of sexual activity and 47% did not have documentation of reproductive health counseling. These rates varied by health care professional type and visit type. Only 35% had contraception prescribed within 12 months of becoming pregnant and only 1 had a long-acting contraceptive prescribed.Our data highlight the need for primary care professionals to review health behaviors and pregnancy risk at all adolescent encounters.
Abstract IA23: Diagnosing prostate cancer with image fusion (MRI, PET, CT, US)
Authors: Peter L. Choyke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The localization of cancer within the prostate is important for diagnosis, staging, biopsy guidance, focal therapy and active surveillance. Among the available imaging methods ultrasound offers real time monitoring but poor sensitivity, MRI offers higher sensitivity but is not real time, PET has the highest sensitivity but poor resolution and CT offers high resolution with poor sensitivity. Thus, no single imaging modality is ideal for this challenging application. This talk will focus on how we can use image fusion to combine the best aspects of each modality into a “hybrid scan” that is more than additive in its value. MRI is the best current modality for localizing prostate cancer. MRI depends on the use of multiple parameters such as T2 weighting, diffusion weighting, spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhancement. Since each of these methods are slightly different in their acquisition parameters, these images must first be fused to create a composite multiparametric MRI. However, having localized a suspicious area on MRI, it is necessary to direct a biopsy into it. Unfortunately, doing this under MR is a tedious and imperfect process. Thus, MRI can be fused to transrectal Ultrasound for purposes of biopsy. Under ultrasound (with MR guidance), real time biopsies and even focal therapies can be performed. One disadvantage of this approach is that with focal therapies the ability to perform real time MR thermometry is lost. PET scanning has the highest sensitivity among the available modalities. To date, however, there is no ideal PET agent for localizing prostate cancer while it is still confined to the gland. However, there are a growing number of exciting PET agents that will be useful in the setting of local recurrence and advanced disease. For instance, agents such as Sodium Fluoride (F18 NaF), Dihydrotestosterone (F18-DHT), Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (F18 DCFBC) and synthetic leucine analogs (F18-FACBC) are among the promising agents available for advanced prostate cancer. Unfortunately, PET suffers from poor spatial resolution, however fusion with CT is now commonplace. Newer scanners combine PET and MRI, thus completing the circle of possible fusions between MRI, PET, CT and Ultrasound. Such hybrid imaging promises great dividends for the management of patients with prostate cancer. Citation Format: Peter L. Choyke. Diagnosing prostate cancer with image fusion (MRI, PET, CT, US) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.
The prevalence of typical dream themes challenges the specificity of the threat simulation theory
Authors: Anne Germain, Tore A. Nielsen, Antonio Zadra, Jacques Montplaisir
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The evolutionary theory of threat simulation during dreaming indicates that themes appropriate to ancestral survival concerns (threats) should be disproportionately represented in dreams. Our studies of typical dream themes in students and sleep-disordered patients indicate that threatening dreams involving chase and pursuit are indeed among the three most prevalent themes, thus supporting Revonsuo's theory. However, many of the most prevalent themes are of positive, not negative, events (e.g., sex, flying) and of current, not ancestral, threat scenarios (e.g., schoolwork). Moreover, many clearly ancestral themes (e.g., snakes, earthquakes) are not prevalent at all in dreams. Thus, these findings challenge the specificity of the threat simulation theory. [Revonsuo]
Public Health, Ethics, and Equity
Authors: John Lynch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

H ealth has improved enormously over the 20th century. The 2003 United Nations Human Development Report shows that one indicator of health, average life expectancy at birth, now exceeds 70 years in almost half the world's countries and in 45% of the world's population (my calculations). But although health has improved it has not been shared equally within or among countries, and this is an affront to a sense of social justice. When the capacity exists for generating social goods that enhance health for some individuals, communities, or countries, then it is a priority to extend that capacity for generating better levels of health to everyone else.
The Accident Process
Authors: Robert C. Behan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In the first part of this series we described the review of approximately 300 cases of industrial accidents and injuries which demonstrated the physical disturbances to be solutions of the patients' life problems. Because of this and of legal factors, patients become very hostile to their would-be therapists. This produces remarkable and often nontherapeutic reactions in the physician. These reactions are described and their remedy suggested. Particular emphasis is placed on referral to nonpsychiatrists.
Development of Robotic Enhanced Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Utz Kappert, Jens Schneider, Romuald Cichon, Vassilios Gulielmos, Sems-Malte Tugtekin, Joachim Nicolai, Klaus Matschke, Stephan Schueler
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The introduction of robotic enhanced surgery demanded stepwise development of performed procedures on the basis of growing experience of the operating team.Between May 1999 and January 2001, this new wrist-enhanced instrumentation was used in 201 patients (156 men and 45 women, median age 64+/-10.5 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 68+/-12.4%). During the development of robotic enhanced CABG, the patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A (n=156) consisted of patients in whom the robotic system was used to harvesting the left or right internal mammary artery, or both, whereas the anastomoses were performed directly through a small chest incision. In group B (n=37), the harvest of the internal mammary arteries and the coronary anastomoses were performed totally endoscopically. In a third early group C, patient (n=8) were treated with robotic enhanced CABG via a median sternotomy already preoperatively planned, whereas gradual step-by-step application of robotic instrumentation and its feasibility were assessed. The survival rate was 99.4%. One patient (0.6%) died due to pneumonia on postoperative day 16. Conversion rate to median sternotomy was 5%. The left and right internal mammary artery conduits could be successfully harvested in 98% and 100%, respectively. The time of dissection of the left internal mammary artery could be significantly reduced alone by increasing experience. All patients were discharged from the hospital after a mean of 7 days. In 9 patients (4.5%), bleeding required reexploration.The introduction of this new surgical tool enables the development of new endoscopic procedures. Our results gained during the development of robotic enhanced CABG motivate us to establish a set standard for the totally endoscopic treatment of patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease.
QT prolongation in end-stage liver disease: A result of altered sex hormone metabolism?
Authors: M H Lehmann
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

QT Prolongation in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Result of Altered Sex Hormone Metabolism? course, findings consistent with the proposed androgen-car-To the Editor: diac interaction would not constitute definitive proof of the I read with great interest the paper by Mohamed et al. 1 hypothesis, nor would possible parallel mechanisms (e.g., documenting a prolonged QT cmax in patients with end-stage autonomic) necessarily be excluded.liver disease that shortens after liver transplantation.TheThe findings of Mohamed et al. 1 raise the intriguing possiauthors were able to exclude alterations in serum electrolyte bility that end-stage liver disease may serve as an unanticilevels as etiologic and suggested, instead, an autonomic pated natural experimental model for probing the recently mechanism on the basis of evidence of changes in indices appreciated relationship between sex hormones and cardiac of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone in many of the repolarization.patients.An alternative explanation for the described QT-interval MICHAEL H. LEHMANN, M.D. changes worthy of consideration involves the well-known Sinai Hospital/Arrhythmia Center disturbances in sex hormone metabolism found in advanced 14800 West McNichols, Suite 410 liver disease. 2 A consistent sex disparity in the pathophysiol-Detroit, MI ogy of cardiac repolarization has recently emerged: women
Chlorosis Lives!— and Slips Through MeSH
Authors: Kisali J. Pallangyo
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I found the commentary entitled "Whatever Became of Chlorosis?" by Dr Crosby<sup>1</sup>interesting and informative. Though chlorosis may have disappeared in Europe and America, it is seen in Tanzania. In 1980, I attended a young woman who was admitted into the Muhinbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, because of severe anemia. She had no history of abnormal blood loss or jaundice. In addition to severe pallor, koilonychia, and a raised jugular venous pulse, she had a yellow-green tinge to her skin, more pronounced on her palms and soles. She was not jaundiced. Laboratory investigations confirmed that she had iron deficiency anemia due to hookworm. She received transfusions of packed cells and treatment for her worms and was given iron therapy. A few weeks later, the yellow-green tinge of her skin was gone. Subsequently, my colleagues and I noticed the yellow-green tinge in other patients (male and
The role of executive function in constructing an understanding of mind
Authors: Suzanne Hala
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Adopting a constructivist stance is not irreconcilable with executive function accounts of emerging social understanding. The executive function view allows for a gradual transition in theory of mind, while specifying the underlying cognitive processes that push that development forward. Executive function abilities can be seen as an important interactional component in the epistemic triangle.