tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing Homosexuality in the Male: Treatment for Men Troubled With Homosexuality
Authors: Marshall F. Gilula
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Homosexuality is complex. To change the sexual orientation in patients distressed about their homosexuality is even more complicated but still possible. This book provides a carefully detailed description of how creative and dynamic psychotherapy can help a troubled male homosexual to overcome his own resistance to change, and to sustain some degree of heterosexual adjustment. The author, a practicing psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, initially states: "The homosexual does not exist. Only people who fantasy, feel, and act homosexually exist. Homosexual life styles and subcultures exist." After extensively quoting researchers like Kinsey and Bieber on the definition and etiologies of homosexuality, Dr. Hatterer presents his own well-organized case material to illustrate the full spectrum of homosexuality, treated successfully or less successfully. His study extends over 18 years and includes 710 patients drawn from both clinics and private practice. The "cure rate" of about 45% (including partially and fully heterosexual adjustments) approximates that
Organochlorines, lead, and mercury in Akwesasne Mohawk youth.
Authors: Lawrence M Schell, Lech A Hubicki, Anthony P DeCaprio, Mia V Gallo, Julia Ravenscroft, Alice Tarbell, Agnes Jacobs, Dawn David, Priscilla Worswick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Most humans have detectable body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and p,p'-dichlorophenyldichloroethylene p,p'-DDE), a metabolite of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Native American communities may be at increased risk of exposure through subsistence-based diets and greater physical contact with contaminated soil and water. In this article we describe the levels of toxicants (PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, mirex, lead, and mercury) among youth 10-17 years old (n = 271) of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation. Ultratrace, congener-specific PCB analysis of human serum quantitated 83 PCB congeners (plus 18 as pairs/triplets), in addition to p,p'-DDE, HCB, and mirex, and included all major Aroclor-derived congeners typically present in human samples. Twenty congeners (in 16 chromatographic peaks) were detected in 50% or more of the individuals sampled [geometric mean (GM) of the sum of these congeners = 0.66 ppb]. Thirteen congeners (in 10 peaks) were detected in 75% or more of the samples (GM = 0.51 ppb). Of the 20 congeners detected in 50% or more of the samples, 17 had five or more chlorine substitutions. International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry congeners 118, 101(+90), and 153 were detected in nearly all participants (GM = 0.06 ppb, 0.05 ppb, 0.09 ppb, respectively). p,p'-DDE and HCB were detected in 100% and 98% of the samples (GM: p,p'-DDE = 0.37 ppb; HCB = 0.03 ppb). Mirex was detected in approximately 46% of the samples (GM = 0.02 ppb). No cases of elevated lead level were observed. One participant had a mercury level marginally higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current level of concern (0.50 microg/dL). Although differences in analytic methods and participant ages limit comparability, toxicant levels from the Mohawk youth are lower than those associated with severe food contamination (Yusho and Yu-cheng) but similar to other chronically exposed groups.
French regulatory medical references are criteria, not clinical guidelines
Authors: H. Maisonneuve, C. Colin, Y. Matillon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Karen Bloor and Nick Freemantle misuse the word “guidelines” when they introduce the subject of the French national contract in their article on international experience in controlling pharmaceutical expenditure.1 In France doctors must prescribe in keeping with “regulatory medical references” and not extensive guidelines. The regulatory medical references were defined in 1993. They consist of one to three sentences, beginning with the words “Il n'y a pas lieu de …” (“It is inappropriate to …”). They have been defined as “recognised scientific criteria that make it …
Protease inhibitors interfere with the necessary factors of carcinogenesis.
Authors: W Troll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Many tumor promoters are inflammatory agents that stimulate the formation of oxygen radicals (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in phagocytic neutrophils. The neutrophils use the oxygen radicals to kill bacteria, which are recognized by the cell membrane of phagocytic cells causing a signal to mount the oxygen response. The tumor promoter isolated from croton oil, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mimics the signal, causing an oxygen radical release that is intended to kill bacteria; instead, it injures cells in the host. Oxygen radicals cause single strand breaks in DNA and modify DNA bases. These damaging reactions appear to be related to tumor promotion, as three types of chemopreventive agents, retinoids, onion oil, and protease inhibitors, suppress the induction of oxygen radicals in phagocytic neutrophils and suppress tumor promotion in skin cancer in mice. Protease inhibitors also suppress breast and colon cancers in mice. Protease inhibitors capable of inhibiting chymotrypsin show a greater suppression of the oxygen effect and are better suppressors of tumor promotion. In addition, oxygen radicals may be one of the many agents that cause activation of oncogenes. Since retinoids and protease inhibitors suppress the expression of the ras oncogene in NIH 3T3 cells, NIH 3T3 cells may serve as a relatively facile model for finding and measuring chemopreventive agents that interfere with the carcinogenic process.
Drifting continents and endemic goitre in northern Pakistan.
Authors: A G Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Although Baltistan, north east Pakistan, is in a region of iodine deficiency disorders, the distribution of goitre within the district, according to age and sex, has not been clearly defined. To establish the prevalence of the condition and to measure the reported difference in prevalence in the north and south of the district thyroid size was assessed in new patients attending the Aman clinic, Khapalu, and outlying areas between April and September from 1981 to 1986. Samples of potable water collected from villages were analysed for iodine (as iodide) concentrations in Britain. Population weighted prevalences were: in the north in males 20.4%, in females 28.1% and in the south in males 13.9%, in females 21.2%. There was an overall deficiency of iodine in the water (mean iodine (as iodide) concentrations (north) 11.0 nmol/l (1.4 micrograms/l), (south) 11.8 nmol/l (1.5 micrograms/l) (95% confidence interval -0.7 to 0.9). The differences followed the Main Karakoram Thrust, suggesting a geological goitrogen in the north, which might be minerals containing ions such as BF4- and SO3F-, and molybdenite and calcium, which are present in rocks in Baltistan. A new hypothesis for the genesis of endemic goitre is proposed--that is, that continents on crustal plates drift across the earth and collide, one plate sliding under the other and melting, giving rise to characteristic mineral assemblages in the overlying rocks. As the minerals weather out they enter the diet of the local population, where in the presence of iodine deficiency they produce or enhance iodine deficiency disorders. Despite the current iodised oil campaign by the Pakistani government with Unicef a long term working iodisation programme is still urgently needed.
The Myetic Statistic
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monosaccharide autoxidation in health and disease.
Authors: P J Thornalley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The reduction of oxygen by the ene-diol tautomer of simple monosaccharides produces hydrogen peroxide and alpha-oxoaldehydes. This process, termed monosaccharide autoxidation, occurs at physiological pH and temperature and may contribute to the development of several pathological processes. Enolization of the monosaccharide to an ene-diol tautomer is a prerequisite for the reaction of the monosaccharides with oxygen. The reaction kinetics suggest a two step process: the enolization of the monosaccharide to the ene-diol followed by the reaction of the ene-diol with oxygen. Free-radical reactive intermediates are formed by the reaction of the ene-diol with oxygen: superoxide, semidione, and 1-hydroxyalkyl radicals are formed under physiological conditions (hydroxyl radicals are also detected at high pH). The autoxidation of monosaccharides stimulates the oxidation of oxyhemoglobin in erythrocytes, producing methemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide, and the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides NAD(P)H to the oxidized congener NAD(P)+ and enzymatically inactive nucleotide. This stimulates oxidative metabolism (via the hexose monophosphate shunt) and alpha-oxoaldehyde metabolism (via the glyoxalase system) in erythrocytes in vitro. The oxidative challenge is relatively mild even with very high concentrations (50 mM) of monosaccharide. However, crosslinking of membrane proteins by alpha-oxoaldehydes is enhanced; this effect may exacerbate ageing and decrease the lifetime of erythrocytes in circulation. In vivo, the autoxidation of monosaccharides is expected to be a chronic oxidative process occurring in biological tissue which utilises simple monosaccharides, e.g., in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Monosaccharide autoxidation is suggested to be a determinant in the control of cellular mitosis and ageing, providing physiological substrates for the glyoxalase system, and may contribute to the chronic disease processes associated with diabetes mellitus and the smoking of tobacco.
Can early asthma be confirmed by laboratory tests?
Authors: T. Metso, K. Kilpiö, F. Björkstén, K. Kiviranta, T. Haahtela
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We examined the performance of a number of laboratory tests in 23 patients who had had symptoms suggesting asthma, such as cough, sputum secretion, and chest tightness with wheezing, for less than a year. Even the best test, histamine challenge, had a sensitivity of only 48%. When more tests were added, sensitivity rose: with peak expiratory flow added, the sensitivity was 65%; with sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) added, to 74%; and with serum ECP added, to 78%. Thus, a combination of tests measuring lung function and activation of eosinophils yielded fair, if not good, results. It appears that sensitivity could be increased further through the development of improved sputum tests.
783 EARLY SERUM HEPATITIS B VIRUS LARGE SURFACE PROTEIN LEVEL: A STRONG PREDICTOR OF VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE FOR PEGINTERFERON, BUT NOT FOR ENTECAVIR, IN HBeAg-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: X.J. Zhu, Q.M. Gong, D.M. Yu, D.H. Zhang, L.L. Gu, Y. Han, J. Chen, X.X. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF NARCOTISM.
Authors: W. XAVIER SUDDUTH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Nature intended that man should be a comfortable animal and enjoy to the full the fruits of his labor. Man has ordered otherwise, and as a consequence in the receding days of the nineteenth century, when art and intellect have reached their highest development, we find man, born to be the favored creature of nature, laboring under self-imposed burdens of society, oftentimes heavier than he can bear. As a natural consequence of his pernicious environment he is frequently found seeking surcease from the pains of existence in self-immolation, temporary intoxication or suicide, the method adopted depending much upon his belief in a future state and his relation thereto. What are some of the steps that have operated to bring about these deplorable conditions? They can not be laid to natural causes because there has never been a time in the history of civilization when the actual needs of man were
Treatment of Acoustic Neuromas
Authors: Lawrence H. Pitts, Robert K. Jackler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas) are benign tumors of the eighth cranial nerve. They are unilateral and typically become symptomatic after the age of 30 years. Bilateral tumors usually are present in type 2 neurofibromatosis, are transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, and have a deletion in the long arm of chromosome 22, probably representing inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene. Acoustic neuromas usually present with tinnitus, a unilateral reduction in hearing, and gait imbalance. If these symptoms are disregarded and the tumor becomes large, it can lead to facial numbness, weakness or twitching, or even signs of brain-stem compression, such as . . .
Adverse Cerebral Outcomes after Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Gary W. Roach, Marc Kanchuger, Christina Mora Mangano, Mark Newman, Nancy Nussmeier, Richard Wolman, Anil Aggarwal, Katherine Marschall, Steven H. Graham, Catherine Ley, Gerard Ozanne, Dennis T. Mangano, Ahvie Herskowitz, Vera Katseva, Rita Sears
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Acute changes in cerebral function after elective coronary bypass surgery are a difficult clinical problem. We carried out a multicenter study to determine the incidence and predictors of — and the use of resources associated with — perioperative adverse neurologic events, including cerebral injury.
Osteopoikilosis and Otosclerosis
Authors: Robert J. Cairns
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The letter Otosclerosis Associated With Osteopoikilosis (1981;246:2030) raises some interesting points.  In 1967, 1 I published two reports of cases of familial juvenile elastoma with otosclerosis and osteopoikilosis and commented that although the presence of otosclerosis in case 1 may have been fortuitous, it was possible that a bony plaque similar to those found in the long bones could affect the cortical bone near the oval window in the middle ear.
REPORT ON LOBOTOMY STUDIES AT THE BOSTON PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL
Authors: M. GREENBLATT, R. E. ARNOT, J. L. POPPEN, W. P. CHAPMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

It is clear that the results of prefrontal lobotomy are quite variable. Clinically a few cases are dramatically improved and may be restored to a healthy efficient life in the community, a rather large number are partially improved or rendered more comfortable, and a good many are essentially unchanged. There is always a small but definite risk to life, and there is always the possibility of producing new and undesirable symptoms. As yet, we are quite unclear as to the exact indications for the operation. However, we would venture the opinion that by selection of early and relatively well-integrated cases, we would get a better percentage result. We would go on record as saying: that lobotomy is a good method, perhaps the foremost method, for the treatment of the chronic mentally ill patient. The changes in the personality are very variable and complicated, and great caution should be exercised in interpreting psychological results. There is no question that prefrontal lobotomy offers a very rich field for research.
Calcium and Colorectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation: A Preliminary Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Roberd M. Bostick, John D. Potter, Lisa Fosdick, Patricia Grambsch, Johanna W. Lampe, James R. Wood, Thomas A. Louis, Robert Ganz, Greg Grandits
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Calcium and Colorectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation: A Preliminary Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Get access Roberd M. Bostick, Roberd M. Bostick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Potter, John D. Potter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lisa Fosdick, Lisa Fosdick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Grambsch, Patricia Grambsch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Johanna W. Lampe, Johanna W. Lampe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James R. Wood, James R. Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas A. Louis, Thomas A. Louis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Ganz, Robert Ganz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Greg Grandits Greg Grandits Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 2, 20 January 1993, Pages 132–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.2.132 Published: 20 January 1993
IMPACT OF LEAD LOCATION AS DETERMINED BY 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ON TRICUSPID REGURGITATION SEVERITY POST IMPLANTABLE DEVICE PLACEMENT
Authors: Karima Addetia, Anuj Mediratta, Francesco Maffessanti, Megan Yamat, Lynn Weinert, Joshua Moss, Hemal Nayak, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN MAY AMERIORATE LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY SPASTIC ANGINA
Authors: Hitoshi Takano, Eisei Yamamoto, Shuhei Tara, Koji Kato, Shigenobu Inami, Gen Takagi, Satoshi Aoki, Kuniya Asai, Masahiro Yasutake, Kyoichi Mizuon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Epithelial cells as APCs
Authors: Nicole LeBrasseur
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Adenovirus antibodies assist HIVAntibodies against a vaccine vector render T cells more susceptible to HIV-1 infection, say Perreau et al. on page 2717.Their results may help explain the failure of a recent HIV vaccine trial.The HIV-1 vaccine used in Merck's STEP trial relied on a weakened form of a common cold virus, Adenovirus 5 (Ad5), to carry bits of HIV into the body.One worry about the Ad5 vector was that widespread immunity to adenoviruses might cause the vaccine to be ousted before an anti-HIV response could develop.Instead, there was a chance that vaccine recipients who had circulating antibodies against Ad5 were contracting the virus more often, one factor that forced termination of the trial.Perreau et al. now show that HIV spread through T cell-dendritic cell (DC) co-cultures three times as fast when Ad5 and neutralizing antiserum-present in people with prior immunity-was added to the cultures.Ad5-antibody complexes triggered DC maturation in the presence of Fc␥ receptors (Fc␥R) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9.The authors suspect that Fc␥R facilitated the uptake of Ad5-antibody complexes into the cell, where viral components could then activate TLR9 to trigger DC maturation and activation.The mature DCs activated both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, which may have assisted HIV infection in two ways.Activated CD4 + cells could provide HIV with more cells to infect.And activated Ad5-specifi c CD8 + T cells could attack infected DCs, thereby reducing the pool of DCs presenting HIV antigens.Indeed, weaker HIV-specifi c CD8 responses were seen in Ad5seropositive individuals in response to vaccination.Merck's vaccine may have made it to phase 2 trials because nonhuman primates don't naturally come in contact with human adenoviruses, and therefore the potential problem went unrecognized.AM
Impact of document type on reporting quality of clinical drug trials: a comparison of registry reports, clinical study reports, and journal publications
Authors: B. Wieseler, M. F. Kerekes, V. Vervoelgyi, N. McGauran, T. Kaiser
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To investigate to what extent three types of documents for reporting clinical trials provide sufficient information for trial evaluation.Retrospective analysisPrimary studies and corresponding documents (registry reports, clinical study reports, journal publications) from 16 health technology assessments of drugs conducted by the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care between 2006 and February 2011. Data analysis We assessed reporting quality for each study and each available document for six items on methods and six on outcomes, and dichotomised them as "completely reported" or "incompletely reported." For each document type, we calculated the proportion of studies with complete reporting for methods and outcomes, per item and overall, and compared the findings.We identified 268 studies. Publications, study reports and registry reports were available for 192 (72%), 101 (38%), and 78 (29%) studies, respectively. Reporting quality was highest in study reports, which overall provided complete information for 90% of items (1086/1212). Registry reports provided more complete information on outcomes than on methods (overall 330/468 (71%) v 147/468 (31%)); the same applied to publications (594/1152 (52%) v 458/1152 (40%)). In the matched pairs analysis, reporting quality was poorer in registry reports than in study reports for overall methods and outcomes (P<0.001 in each case). Compared with publications, reporting quality was poorer in registry reports for overall methods (P<0.001), but better for outcomes (P=0.005).Registry reports and publications insufficiently report clinical trials but may supplement each other. Measures to improve reporting include the mandatory worldwide implementation of adequate standards for results registration.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: David A. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In connection with the editorial in the Jan. 26, 1952, issue of The Journal, page 289, on the differential diagnosis between pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction, I should like to refer you to a paper on the electrocardiographic changes in pulmonary embolism in the April, 1952, issue of the Florida Medical Journal (38:701-712)The electrocardiographic differentiation between the two, particularly that between infarction of the posterior wall and pulmonary embolism, can often be greatly facilitated by attention to the ST and T wave changes in the precordial V leads over the right side of the heart. In posterior wall infarction they are reciprocally elevated and increased in amplitude, never inverted; in pulmonary embolism they may either remain unchanged or show inversion, i. e., the right ventricular strain pattern of acute cor pulmonale.
Inhibition of proteasome deubiquitinating activity as a new cancer therapy
Authors: Pádraig D'Arcy, Slavica Brnjic, Maria Hägg Olofsson, Mårten Fryknäs, Kristina Lindsten, Michelandrea De Cesare, Paola Perego, Behnam Sadeghi, Moustapha Hassan, Rolf Larsson, Stig Linder
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)