tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relative Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Jean Ribstein, Guilhem Du Cailar, Pierre Fesler, Albert Mimran
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Experimental and clinical data suggest that primary aldosteronism (PA) may be associated with cardiovascular hypertrophy and fibrosis, in part independent of the BP level. Whether PA may also result in specific deleterious effects on the kidneys was less studied. In 25 patients with tumoral PA, renal studies (urinary excretion of proteins, GFR, and effective renal plasma flow [ERPF], as clearances of technetium-labeled diethylene triaminopentaacetic acid and 131I-ortho iodohippurate, respectively) were performed both before and 6 mo after surgical cure. A control group consisting of patients with essential hypertension (EH) was studied before and after 6 mo of antihypertensive therapy. At baseline, PA and EH patients were similar with respect to demographic data, duration and level of hypertension, and GFR and ERPF. Urinary excretion of albumin and beta2 microglobulin were higher in PA than EH (88 +/- 26 versus 39 +/- 12 and 0.91 +/- 0.23 versus 0.26 +/- 0.19 mg/24 h, respectively; both P < 0.05). Adrenalectomy was followed by a decrease in arterial BP (by 28 +/- 3/13 +/- 2 mmHg), urinary excretion of albumin and beta2 microglobulin (by 48 +/- 19 and 0.53 +/- 0.21 mg/24 h, respectively), and GFR and ERPF (by 15 +/- 3 and 54 +/- 15 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively). In EH, a similar decrease in pressure was associated with a decrease in albuminuria but no change in GFR or ERPF. In 17 of the 25 PA patients who received a 6-mo treatment of spironolactone, both GFR and ERPF decreased in parallel with BP, similar to what was observed after surgery. These data suggest that PA was associated with relative hyperfiltration, unmasked after suppression of aldosterone excess.
What we learned from pandemic H1N1 influenza A
Authors: K. Yamauchi-Takihara
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Up-regulation of ectopic trypsins in the myocardium by influenza A virus infection triggers acute myocarditis’ by H.-Y. Pan et al ., pp. 595–603, this issue. 

Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle, and it frequently associates with impaired cardiac function. Although many kinds of viruses have been implicated as causes of myocarditis, these most commonly include enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses. Beside enteroviruses, adenovirus, hepatitis virus, parvovirus, and influenza virus have been reported to cause myocarditis.1 Of the viruses that cause myocarditis, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus infection have been most thoroughly investigated with murine models.2 In 1999, the importance of enteroviral protease 2A was reported as a cause of acquired cardiomyopathy associated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis.3 However, the molecular mechanisms of myocarditis induced by influenza virus have not been fully clarified.

The study reported by Pan et al. 4 is a continuation of their previous study demonstrating that influenza A virus (IAV) infection increased the ectopic trypsin expression in the brain. They further examined the molecular mechanism …
Very-Low-Calorie Protein Diets
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Many obese subjects find it difficult to lose weight on dietary regimens containing more than 800 kcal per day. A variety of adaptive mechanisms (lessened diuresis, decreased protein catabolism, reduced metabolic rate) markedly curtail the rate of weight loss after the initial one to two weeks, and this may result in loss of the patient's motivation. To achieve the more rapid and sustained rate of weight reduction associated with complete starvation while avoiding the inherent risks, a number of very-low-calorie diets (<500 kcal per day) were introduced in the late 1960s and early 1970s.1 2 3 4 5 These regimens involve the administration of . . .
Bleeding Injuries in Professional Football: Estimating the Risk for HIV Transmission
Authors: Lawrence S. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To determine the risk for bleeding injuries in professional football and to estimate the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through such injuries.A prospective, observational study.Professional football players from 11 teams of the National Football League were observed during 155 regular season games from September through December 1992.The frequencies of bleeding injuries were calculated in association with environmental and athletic factors. Using this information, HIV prevalence, and data on transmission of HIV in other circumstances, the risk for transmission of HIV during football games was estimated.575 bleeding injuries (average, 3.7 per game for each team) involving 538 players (average, 3.5 players on each team per game) were observed. Approximately 88% of the bleeding injuries were abrasions; the remainder were lacerations. Bleeding injuries were markedly more frequent during games played on artificial surfaces, during games played in domed stadiums, and on teams with a final win/loss percentage of 0.500 or lower. Using data on the prevalence of HIV among college men and rates of HIV transmission in the health care setting, the risk for HIV transmission to each player was estimated to be less than 1 per 85 million game contacts.Although injuries occur in professional football competitions, bleeding injuries, especially lacerations, occur infrequently. We estimate that the risk for HIV transmission during such competition is extremely remote. The role of artificial playing surfaces on the incidence or severity of bleeding injuries should be investigated.
Once Again, CABG vs PTCA—Trial Results Today
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ALTHOUGH TOTAL initial costs and charges are several thousand dollars higher for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA or balloon angioplasty) to treat occlusive heart disease, the overall results for patient health after both procedures have what one researcher called "an astonishing similarity" 1 to 5 years later. Moreover, by 3 years after both procedures, the costs and charges tend to be alike, owing to the need for repeat angioplasties in about one third of all patients who undergo PTCA. These findings, of obvious interest in this era of fiscal medical reform, emerged from the reports of four ongoing trials presented at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA), held in Atlanta, Ga. In 1991 (the latest year for which figures are available), there were 265 000 bypass operations performed in the United States and 303 000 balloon angioplasties, according to the
Metastatic Lung Cancer in a Young Marijuana Smoker
Authors: Robert P. Ferguson, Jack Hasson, Stanley Walker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We describe a case of an extremely frequent, long-term marijuana smoker who presented with a clinical diagnosis of metastatic epidermoid carcinoma. Postmortem examination identified a tumor pattern most compatible with primary lung cancer. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 27-year-old Jamaican-born man presented to the emergency department with bizarre behavior. He had been raised as a Rastafarian, a group centered in the West Indies with whom marijuana smoking, even as children, is an integral part of the cultural experience. The patient admitted to smoking his first "joint" at age 3 years, and since age 11 years had smoked an estimated 20 joints, or 28 g of marijuana, per day (confirmed by two other family members). He also admitted to occasional cocaine use and tobacco smoking for the last ten years. The latter apparently never exceeded one pack per day during this time and often was much
Prediction of outcome after valve replacement for rheumatic mitral regurgitation in the era of chordal preservation.
Authors: T Wisenbaugh, D Skudicky, P Sareli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Noninvasive predictors of important outcomes after valve replacement for mitral regurgitation have not been examined in a rheumatic population (in whom the results of valve repair are suboptimal) in the era of chordal preservation. Timing of valve replacement thus remains a difficult question in rheumatic mitral regurgitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 278 patients followed after valve replacement, 66 had pure or predominant mitral regurgitation, and in 61 of these the etiology was rheumatic. The mean age was 24 years. After a mean follow-up of 24 +/- 10 months, the ability of preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data to predict outcome was assessed prospectively, and the possible impact of chordal preservation (n = 35) on survival and post-operative left ventricular function was examined retrospectively. There were no perioperative deaths. There were six postoperative deaths, all the result of heart failure and all related to left ventricular dysfunction. The mean probability of survival was .90 at 16 months. In a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the only independent predictor of postoperative death was preoperative end-systolic diameter. According to a logistic model, the probabilities of death (n = 6) and death or severe heart failure (n = 7) increased abruptly at a preoperative end-systolic diameter of 51 mm (probabilities, .23 and .31, respectively), and the accuracy of this cut point for predicting outcomes was 97% and 98%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis identified a large preoperative end-systolic diameter and the need to use tricuspid annuloplasty as significant independent predictors of postoperative fractional shortening; the use of chordal preservation (n = 35) was not a predictor of postoperative fractional shortening. A good outcome was predicted at a preoperative end-systolic diameter of 40 mm: probability of death or heart failure was .0001, and predicted mean postoperative fractional shortening was 0.27 after mitral valve replacement without tricuspid annuloplasty. CONCLUSIONS When preoperative end-systolic diameter is more than 50 mm, a poor postoperative outcome is predicted despite chordal preservation in relatively young patients with rheumatic mitral regurgitation, and alternative strategies should therefore be considered. When preoperative end-systolic diameter is 40 mm or less, an excellent outcome is predicted, and close observation without surgery would appear to be reasonable in the absence of symptoms.
REDUCTION IN ULTIMATE INFARCT SIZE DESPITE PERSISTENT EPICARDIAL OCCLUSION USING THREE DIMENSIONAL TRANSTHORACIC ULTRASOUND AND INTRAVENOUS NON-TARGETED MICROBUBBLES
Authors: Thomas Richard Porter, Jeroen Slikkerveer, Shunji Gao, Evan Unger, Terry Matsunaga, John Lof, Feng Xie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
(±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Selectively Damages Central Serotonergic Neurons in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: George A. Ricaurte
Journal: JAMA (1988)

(+/-)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug that has been proposed to be useful as an adjunct to psychotherapy. This study assessed the neurotoxic potential of MDMA in nonhuman primates. Monkeys were repeatedly administered doses (2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 mg/kg) of MDMA subcutaneously and analyzed for regional brain content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid two weeks later. In all regions of the monkey brain examined, MDMA produced a selective dose-related depletion of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These neurochemical deficits were associated with evidence of structural damage to serotonergic nerve fibers. In addition, MDMA produced pathological changes in nerve cell bodies in the dorsal, but not median, raphe nucleus. These results indicate that MDMA is a selective serotonergic neurotoxin in nonhuman primates and that humans using this drug may be at risk for incurring central serotonergic neuronal damage.
Creating a Code of Ethics: Report of The University of Texas System Cancer Center M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute
Authors: J. v. Eys, J. M. Bowen, J. Alt, B. J. Kolenda, R. S. Martin, S. J. Reiser, C. C. Shullenberger, A. C. von Eschenbach
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1986)
Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through MAP kinase cascade
Authors: Kazuhito Tomizawa, Norichika Iga, Yun-Fei Lu, Akiyoshi Moriwaki, Masayuki Matsushita, Sheng-Tian Li, Osamu Miyamoto, Toshifumi Itano, Hideki Matsui
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2003)
The molecular basis of hereditary complement factor I deficiency.
Authors: T J Vyse, B J Morley, I Bartok, E L Theodoridis, K A Davies, A D Webster, M J Walport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The molecular basis of hereditary complement factor I deficiency is described in two pedigrees. In one pedigree, there were two factor I-deficient siblings, one of whom was asymptomatic and the other suffered from recurrent pyogenic infections. Their factor I mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription of fibroblast RNA followed by amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. Both siblings were homozygous for the same transversion (adenine to thymine) at nucleotide 1282 in the cDNA. This mutation causes histidine-400 to be replaced by leucine. The altered histidine is a semi-conserved residue within the serine proteinase family, although no function has been ascribed to it. The proband of the second pedigree studied was found to be a compound heterozygote. One allele had the same mutation as the first family, the second allele had a donor splice site mutation that resulted in the deletion of the mRNA encoded in the fifth exon (a low-density lipoprotein receptor domain) from its transcript.
Probing the Meaning of Racial/Ethnic Group Comparisons in Crack Cocaine Smoking
Authors: Marsha Lillie-Blanton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To probe the meaning of reported racial and ethnic group differences in the prevalence of crack cocaine smoking and to estimate the degree to which crack cocaine smoking is associated with personal factors specific to race/ethnicity.Through reanalysis of data from the 1988 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA), we compared racial/ethnic group differences in crack cocaine smoking. To hold constant social and environmental risk factors that might potentially confound racial comparisons, we used an epidemiologic strategy that involves poststratification of respondents into neighborhood risk sets. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative odds of crack use by race/ethnicity.The 1988 NHSDA interviewed 8814 individuals residing within households in the United States. Subjects were selected using a multistage area probability sampling of all residents aged 12 years and older.Once respondents were grouped into neighborhood clusters, the relative odds (RO) of crack use did not differ significantly for African Americans (RO, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.37 to 1.93) or for Hispanic Americans (RO, 0.88; 95% Cl, 0.47 to 1.67) compared with white Americans.Findings of race-associated differences are often presented as if a person's race has intrinsic explanatory power. This analysis provides evidence that, given similar social and environmental conditions, crack use does not strongly depend on race-specific (eg, biologic) personal factors. Although the study finding does not refute the previous analysis, it provides evidence that prevalence estimates unadjusted for social environmental risk factors may lead to misunderstanding about the role of race or ethnicity in the epidemiology of crack use. Future research should seek to identify which characteristics of the neighborhood social environment are important and potentially modifiable determinants of drug use.
RELATIONS OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS TO THE ORIGIN AND PREVALENCE OF ACUTE DISEASES.Report of the Standing Committee to the Section on State Medicine of the American Medical Association, May, 1891.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The work originally assigaed to your Committee was commenced by its chairman in 1874, and it was prosecuted with more or less activity and success until 1885, since which time it has received less attention. Reports containing important facts and the results of original investigations were made and published in the volumes of Transactions of the Association for 1875, 1877, 1879, 1881 and 1882, and in The Journal of the Association, Vol. ii, pp. 85-169. The leading object of the Committee has been to obtain more exact and reliable knowledge concerning the causes and circumstances that originate, or increase the prevalence of, the various forms of acute disease; by procuring and preserving continuous daily records of all appreciable conditions of the atmosphere, water and soil, and coincident record of the date of the commencement of acute diseases, in localities representing different parts of the country and various climatic conditions. For
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Activates the AKT Pathway to Protect Small Intestines from Radiation-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis
Authors: Stéphanie Bonnaud, Colin Niaudet, François Legoux, Isabelle Corre, Gregory Delpon, Xavier Saulquin, Zvi Fuks, Marie-Hélène Gaugler, Richard Kolesnick, François Paris
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

A previous in vitro study showed that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a ceramide antagonist, preserved endothelial cells in culture from radiation-induced apoptosis. We proposed to validate the role of S1P in tissue radioprotection by inhibiting acute gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome induced by endothelial cell apoptosis after high dose of radiation. Retro-orbital S1P was injected in mice exposed to 15 Gy, a dose-inducing GI syndrome within 10 days. Overall survival and apoptosis on intestines sections were studied. Intestinal cell type targeted by S1P and early molecular survival pathways were researched using irradiated in vitro cell models and in vivo mouse models. We showed that retro-orbital S1P injection before irradiation prevented GI syndrome by inhibiting endothelium collapse. We defined endothelium as a specific therapeutic target because only these cells and not intestinal epithelial cells, or B and T lymphocytes, were protected. Pharmacologic approaches using AKT inhibitor and pertussis toxin established that S1P affords endothelial cell protection in vitro and in vivo through a mechanism involving AKT and 7-pass transmembrane receptors coupled to Gi proteins. Our results provide strong pharmacologic and mechanistic proofs that S1P protects endothelial cells against acute radiation enteropathy.
CHOP and DHAP plus rituximab followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: a phase 2 study from the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte
Authors: Richard Delarue, Corinne Haioun, Vincent Ribrag, Pauline Brice, Alain Delmer, Herve Tilly, Gilles Salles, Achiel Van Hoof, Olivier Casasnovas, Nicole Brousse, Francois Lefrere, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Blood (2012)
Obesity Is a Major Determinant of Radiation Dose in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Joris Ector, Octavian Dragusin, Bert Adriaenssens, Wim Huybrechts, Rik Willems, Hugo Ector, Hein Heidbüchel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
US agency recommends opportunistic HIV testing
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued new recommendations designed to make voluntary HIV screening, on an opportunistic basis, a routine part of medical care for all patients aged 13 to 64 years.

The changes, published last week, have been discussed for more than three years ( BMJ 2006;332: 1169).

The objective is to increase early diagnosis among the estimated 250 000 Americans who are HIV positive but are not aware of their infection. The recommendations should reduce the paperwork burden of obtaining special consent to conduct a …
THE PRESENT ASPECT OF THE TUBERCULOSIS PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: S. A. KNOPF
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Five years ago, on the fiftieth anniversary of our beloved Association, it was my privilege to read before this Section a paper with the title "The Present Status of Preventive Means Against the Spread of Tuberculosis in the Various States of the Union Critically Reviewed." To-day I shall endeavor to present to you as precise a report as possible of what has been done by the same states during the past years, and give you a bird's-eye view of the present aspect of the tuberculosis problem in the United States. I am indebted for my information to the courtesy of the presidents and secretaries of the state boards of health and a number of health officers of cities. <h3>REPORTS FROM THE VARIOUS STATES.</h3> The following are the questions which were sent out, and to which 48 state boards, 2 territorial and 25 city boards of health have replied: What laws
Medical audit data: counting is not enough.
Authors: C Lyons, R Gumpert
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the meaningfulness of a year9s worth of audit data relating to all the inpatients of one consultant general surgeon and to question the usefulness of certain outcome measures. DESIGN--Analysis of records entered on to audit computer (Dunnfile) and relating to inpatient episodes for one consultant general surgeon over one year. Data obtained were compared with ward records and the patient administration system to check their accuracy. SETTING--The three hospitals and 12 wards in Brighton health district where the surgeon admitted patients. SUBJECTS--859 Records relating to inpatient episodes from 1 January to 31 December 1988. These covered 655 main procedures and 79 secondary procedures performed at the same time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Procedures were analysed by complexity of operation (BUPA code) and grade of surgeon; complications were counted and rates constructed by surgeon and by BUPA code: returns to theatre were analysed. RESULTS--Simple counts revealed some data, such as the fact that one registrar performed more major operations (32) than the senior registrars (22 and 14), and an analysis of complications showed that he had a lower complication rate (11.4% v 20.0% and 19.4%). But the simple complication rate disclosed nothing about whether the complication was avoidable. Likewise, the number of returns to theatre needed further qualification. Analysis of data collection for February to April 1988 showed a 30% deficit of information on the audit system compared with ward records and prompted a re-examination of everyone9s role in collecting data. After the year9s audit there was still a 17% shortfall compared with the district9s patient administration system, though some of this was accounted for by a backlog of work. CONCLUSIONS--It is difficult to ensure adequate data collection and entails everyone in an unfamiliar discipline. Connecting the audit system to the patient administration system would help. Despite the limitations of crude analyses of workload and complications rates, the audit data helped to measure activity and in the management of the firm. Nevertheless, time and care have to be taken in presenting and interpreting audit data carefully. IMPLICATIONS--Counting is not enough.
TCTAP A-103 Impact of Pulse Pressure on 12-month Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes Following Endovascular Intervention in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Sung Il Im, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)