tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What does homoeopathy do--and how?
Authors: R. Buckman, G. Lewith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

a homoeopathic physician, met in Southampton while filming "Magic or Medicine?.," a television series of four programmes about what can and might be learnt from the popularity of complementary medicine.In particular, the series showed how the effect of the patient's and the doctor's beliefs affected the relationship between them.The two doctors so enjoyed talking with each other that they carried on their debate in letters to each other over the next year.We think that their exchange merits a wider readership.
A comparative analysis of conventional and pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas by targeting CD20, CD22, and HLA-DR singly and in combinations
Authors: John M. Pagel, Nural Orgun, Donald K. Hamlin, D. Scott Wilbur, Theodore A. Gooley, Ajay K. Gopal, Steven I. Park, Damian J. Green, Yukang Lin, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Blood (2009)
LUNG IMPEDANCE-GUIDED PREEMPTIVE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN THE OUTPATIENT CLINIC DECREASES HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL
Authors: Avraham Shotan, Levi Yaniv, Iris Dahan, Aya Asif, Mark Kazatsker, Ilia Shochat, David Blondheim, Simcha Meisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Adult Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys (Potter Type 3)
Authors: Philip M. Hatfield
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The majority of 58 patients with adult polycystic disease of the kidneys and liver or pancreas (Potter type 3) were asymptomatic and unsuspected antemortem. Infusion nephrotomography is the method of choice for diagnosing polycystic disease of the kidneys and should be performed regardless of the findings on the standard urogram, whenever the possibility of polycystic disease exists. Carotid arteriography is not advocated for all patients with polycystic disease of the kidneys but should be considered in the young hypertensive patient with polycystic kidneys. The prognosis in patients with larger kidneys or cysts, or both conditions, is less favorable.
Active skeletal muscle mass and cardiopulmonary reserve. Failure to attain peak aerobic capacity during maximal bicycle exercise in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Authors: G Jondeau, S D Katz, L Zohman, M Goldberger, M McCarthy, J P Bourdarias, T H LeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

In addition to depressed cardiac reserve, peripheral factors may contribute to limit maximal exercise capacity in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To investigate the role of reduced active skeletal muscle mass, peak oxygen uptake (VO2, milligrams per kilogram per minute) was determined during maximal symptom-limited exercise involving the lower limbs (LL) alone and the lower limbs and upper limbs (LL+UL) combined in patients with CHF and in normal subjects of similar age and sex.LL bicycle exercise was performed upright with a ramp protocol and continuous expired gas analysis. When respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reached 1.0, UL exercise was initiated at constant load with the use of a cranking device positioned at shoulder level. LL exercise alone and combined LL+UL exercise were performed on separate days in randomized order by 24 patients with CHF and seven normal subjects. In patients with CHF, peak VO2 was greater during combined LL+UL exercise than during LL exercise alone, i.e., 15.8 +/- 0.8 versus 14.2 +/- 0.9 ml.kg-1.min-1 (p < 0.001), whereas in normal subjects, maximal VO2 was similar during the two tests, i.e., 26.7 versus 26.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (NS). The increase in peak VO2 during combined LL+UL exercise relative to LL exercise alone was almost exclusively observed in patients with peak VO2 < 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 (mean increase, 21.7 +/- 4.1%). Peak VO2 during combined LL and UL exercise did not increase relative to LL exercise alone in patients with peak VO2 > 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 and in normal subjects of similar age and sex, i.e., 0.1 +/- 4.0% and 2.0 +/- 2.3% respectively.In contrast to normal subjects and patients with moderate CHF, patients with severe CHF do not exhaust their cardiopulmonary reserve during symptom-limited maximal LL exercise on a bicycle.
Sexual lifestyle of long distance lorry drivers in India: questionnaire survey
Authors: K. S. Rao, R D Pilli, A S Rao, P S Chalam
Journal: BMJ (1999)

them is likely to be unacceptable.Some institutions have already started to think about the implications for their own students, but widespread consultation does not seem to have taken place.Future practice should be based on a policy decided nationally.We thank the staff of the medical schools who took the time to complete our questionnaire, and our colleagues Charles Gilks, Fred Nye, Bertie Squire, and Sharon Welby for helpful discussion and comments on the article.
Acute Myelogeneous Leukemia (M0/M1) with novel chromosomal abnormality of t(14;17) (q32; q11.2)
Authors: Firoz Ahmad, Rupa Dalvi, Swarna Mandava, Bibhu Ranjan Das
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Acute Myelogeneous Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to morphology, immunophenotype, and genetic rearrangements. Multiple recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been identified by conventional cytogenetic analysis. In this study, we report a case whose clinical features were suggestive of AML‐M1 subtype with t(14;17) (q32; q11.2) karyotype involving rearrangement of chromosomal segments 17q11.2 and 14q32. This is the first report of novel chromosomal translocation in this subset of AML and has not yet been reported elsewhere. This rearrangement may include certain cancer associated oncogene(s) or genes involved in the differentiation like retionic acid receptor alpha (RARA), which may confer differentiation blockage and/or proliferation advantage. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and rearrangement of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes of the T cell receptor in cloned murine large granular lymphocyte lines. No correlation with the cytotoxic spectrum.
Authors: K Ikuta, M Hattori, K Wake, S Kano, T Honjo, J Yodoi, N Minato
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Using cloned murine large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lines, the expression and the rearrangement of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes of the T cell receptor (TCR) were analyzed. Morphological, phenotypical, as well as functional studies indicated that the LGL lines were identical to normal, endogenous NK cells. Northern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the full-length transcripts of all the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes were expressed in most of the LGL lines, including two lines derived from athymic nude mice. In one line, SPB, however, no transcript of the gamma chain gene was detected, whereas the alpha and beta chain genes were clearly expressed. In every LGL line studied, all of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes were rearranged. Conforming to the results of Northern blot hybridization study, the gamma chain gene of the SPB line was aberrantly rearranged, whereas those of all the other lines were productively rearranged. The results clearly revealed that NK cells represented a population of lymphocytes genetically committed to the T cell lineage. It was also suggested that the expression and rearrangement of the TCR genes of NK cells might occur in a thymus-independent fashion. An SPB line without expression of the gamma chain gene could exhibit NK activity indistinguishable from other NK lines. Furthermore, the rearrangement patterns of the beta chain gene did not correlate with the specificity of the cytotoxic activity. These results strongly suggested that the cytotoxic activity in NK cells was not directly mediated by TCR on them. We particularly noted that the beta chain gene of most independently established LGL lines showed identical patterns of rearrangement, indicating that they used the same V beta and J beta gene segments. The significance of the restricted pattern of rearrangement of the beta chain gene in LGL lines, as well as the possible functional roles of TCR on NK cells, was discussed.
Virtue ethics – an old answer to a new dilemma? Part 2. The case for inclusive virtue ethics
Authors: David Misselbrook
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2015)

While Principlism is a widely accepted consensus statement for ethics, the moral theory that underpins it faces serious challenges. This two-part paper proposes a version of virtue theory as a more grounded system of moral analysis. Part 2 examines the role of basic moral theory as the foundation to ethics and suggests how virtue theory can be used as a central framework for ethics while being inclusive of insights from deontology and consequentialism.
Colorectal Cancer Resections in the Aging US Population
Authors: Mehraneh D. Jafari, Fariba Jafari, Wissam J. Halabi, Vinh Q. Nguyen, Alessio Pigazzi, Joseph C. Carmichael, Steven D. Mills, Michael J. Stamos
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The incidence of colorectal cancer in elderly patients is likely to increase, but there is a lack of large nationwide data regarding the mortality and morbidity of colorectal cancer resections in the aging population.To examine the surgical trends and outcomes of colorectal cancer treatment in the elderly.A review of operative outcomes for colorectal cancer in the United States was conducted in a Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2010. Patients were stratified within age groups of 45 to 64, 65 to 69, 70 to 74, 75 to 79, 80 to 84, and 85 years and older. Postoperative complications and yearly trends were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression was used to compare in-hospital mortality and morbidity between individual groups of patients 65 years and older and those aged 45 to 64 years while controlling for sex, comorbidities, procedure type, diagnosis, and hospital status.In-hospital mortality and morbidity.Among the estimated 1,043,108 patients with colorectal cancer sampled, 63.8% of the operations were performed on those 65 years and older and 22.6% on patients 80 years and older. Patients 80 years and older were 1.7 times more likely to undergo urgent admission than those younger than 65 years. Patients younger than 65 years accounted for 46.0% of the laparoscopies performed in the elective setting compared with 14.1% for patients 80 years and older. Mortality during the 10 years decreased by a mean of 6.6%, with the most considerable decrease observed in the population 85 years and older (9.1%). Patients 80 years and older had an associated $9492 higher hospital charge and an increased 2½-day length of stay vs patients younger than 65 years. Compared with patients aged 45 to 64 years, higher risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was observed in patients with advancing age: 65 to 69 years (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49), 70 to 74 years (2.02; 1.82-2.24), 75 to 79 years (2.51; 2.28-2.76), 80 to 84 years (3.15; 2.86-3.46), and 85 years and older (4.72; 4.30-5.18) (P < .01). Compared with patients aged 45 to 64 years, higher risk-adjusted morbidity was noted in those with advancing age: 65 to 69 years (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.21-1.29), 70 to 74 years (1.40; 1.36-1.45), 75 to 79 years (1.54; 1.49-1.58), 80 to 84 years (1.68; 1.63-1.74), and 85 years and older (1.96; 1.89-2.03) (P < .01).Most operations for colorectal cancer are performed on the aging population, with an overall decrease in the number of cases performed. Despite the overall improved mortality seen during the past 10 years, the risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity of the elderly continue to be substantially higher than that for the younger population.
Abstract 1099: Sorafenib increases numbers and functions of tumor-infiltrated T cells and enhances therapeutic outcomes of adoptive T cell therapy by modifying tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jeng-Jong Hwang, Hui-Yen Chuang, Ya-Fang Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Many chemotherapeutic agents are known to have immunomodulatory activity to improve the effectiveness of adoptive T-cell therapy. We hypothesized that sorafenib could reverse the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment to enhance T-cell mediated tumor regression. Experimental design: OVA-specific CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with sorafenib-pretreated OVA-overexpressing E.G7 mouse lymphoma cells to evaluate their function using flow cytometry, 51Cr-release assay, and transwell assay. The underlying mechanism of sorafenib-mediated immunomodulation was also explored by Western blotting. In animal studies, the activation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells transduced with a granzyme B promoter-driven imaging reporter was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and the levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: We found that sorafenib suppressed the expression of critical immunosuppressive components, including TGF-β , IL-10, VEGF, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and CCL2/MCP-1, in E.G7 cells through the inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway and decreased the percentage of Tregs and MDSCs in tumors. Surprisingly, the anti-tumor effect of small numbers of CD8+ T cells was substantially enhanced when combined with sorafenib in vivo. Citation Format: Jeng-Jong Hwang, Hui-Yen Chuang, Ya-Fang Chang. Sorafenib increases numbers and functions of tumor-infiltrated T cells and enhances therapeutic outcomes of adoptive T cell therapy by modifying tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1099. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1099
BCL6-mediated repression of p53 is critical for leukemia stem cell survival in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Christian Hurtz, Katerina Hatzi, Leandro Cerchietti, Melanie Braig, Eugene Park, Yong-mi Kim, Sebastian Herzog, Parham Ramezani-Rad, Hassan Jumaa, Martin C. Müller, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Andreas Hochhaus, B. Hilda Ye, Anupriya Agarwal, Brian J. Druker, Neil P. Shah, Ari M. Melnick, Markus Müschen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase and can be effectively treated for many years with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, unless CML patients receive life-long TKI treatment, leukemia will eventually recur; this is attributed to the failure of TKI treatment to eradicate leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Recent work demonstrated that FoxO factors are critical for maintenance of CML-initiating cells; however, the mechanism of FoxO-dependent leukemia initiation remained elusive. Here, we identified the BCL6 protooncogene as a critical effector downstream of FoxO in self-renewal signaling of CML-initiating cells. BCL6 represses Arf and p53 in CML cells and is required for colony formation and initiation of leukemia. Importantly, peptide inhibition of BCL6 in human CML cells compromises colony formation and leukemia initiation in transplant recipients and selectively eradicates CD34+ CD38− LICs in patient-derived CML samples. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BCL6 may represent a novel strategy to eradicate LICs in CML. Clinical validation of this concept could limit the duration of TKI treatment in CML patients, which is currently life-long, and substantially decrease the risk of blast crisis transformation.
Heart Rate Variability Assessment Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Narendra Singh, Dmitry Mironov, Paul W. Armstrong, Allan M. Ross, Anatoly Langer
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Diminished heart rate variability is associated with less favorable prognosis after myocardial infarction. However, the prognostic value of early (first 48 hours) measurement and the influence of thrombolytic strategies, myocardial infarction location, left ventricular function, ST-segment shift, and infarct-related artery patency on heart rate variability have not been examined comprehensively. Methods and Results Heart rate variability and ST-segment analysis of 48-hour Holter tapes were performed with the use of a commercial system in 204 patients who were part of an ST-monitoring substudy of the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial. Both time-domain measures (SD of the average normal RR interval for all 5-minute segments of a 24-hour ECG recording [SDANN] and percent difference between adjacent normal RR intervals &gt;50 ms computed over the entire 24-hour ECG recording [pNN50]) and frequency-domain measures (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF ratio) were assessed on days 1 and 2 after acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography performed within the first 24 hours was also available in 75% of the patients. All heart rate variability measures decreased between day 1 and day 2 ( P =.001) except the LF/HF ratio. There was no difference in heart rate variability among groups assigned to one of four different thrombolytic treatment strategies (streptokinase/subcutaneous heparin, streptokinase/intravenous heparin, accelerated tissue plasminogen activator, and combination streptokinase/tissue plasminogen activator). Heart rate variability measures were lower in anterior versus nonanterior infarcts (SDANN, 53±21 versus 63±24 ms; P &lt;.005) and increased with TIMI grade 3 flow (LF, 5.3±1.0 versus 4.8±1.2 ms 2 ; P &lt;.01) and better ejection fraction ( r =.2, P &lt;.03). An inverse correlation between the duration of ST shift and frequency domain measures was observed (LF, r =−.2, P &lt;.009; HF, r =−2, P &lt;.03). Lower LF/HF ratio by 24 hours after myocardial infarction was seen in those who ultimately died at 30 days (1.0±0.2 versus 1.3±0.2, P &lt;.001) or at 1 year (1.17±0.14 versus 1.26±0.19, P =.05). Conclusions Changes in heart rate variability occurred early after thrombolysis and may be of prognostic value. Heart rate variability measures were improved in patients with better ejection fraction and greater angiographic patency. This suggests a possible mechanism for the enhanced survival observed with TIMI grade 3 flow in the GUSTO angiographic substudy. These data indicate that early heart rate variability assessment after myocardial infarction may be useful in noninvasive risk stratification.
Medicine and the Holocaust
Authors: Nathan Schnaper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 December 1995Medicine and the HolocaustNathan Schnaper, MDNathan Schnaper, MDUniversity of Maryland Cancer Center Baltimore, MD 21201-1595Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their editorial on medicine and the Holocaust, Lerner and Rothman [1] wonder whether an ethic of “do no harm” can be reconciled with physician-assisted suicide or aid-in-dying [2, 3]. I would suggest that the word “harm” can be viewed differently depending on one's perception of the experience.In December 1973, the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association adopted a resolution condemning mercy killing but condoning passive euthanasia. Rachels [4] took issue with this doctrine. When a patient is dying a slow and painful death, a lethal injection could be quick and painless, that is, ...References1. Lerner BH, Rothman DJ. Medicine and the Holocaust: learning more of the lessons [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:793-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Beecher HK. Ethics and clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1966;274:1354-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Quill TE, Cassel CK, Meier DE. Care of the hopelessly ill. Proposed clinical criteria for physician-assisted suicide. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1380-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Rachels J. Active and passive euthanasia. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:78-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Maryland Cancer Center Baltimore, MD 21201-1595 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 12Page: 964KeywordsEuthanasiaMedical ethicsPerceptionQuality of lifeSuicide Issue Published: 15 December 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Initial experience with a direct antithrombin, Hirulog, in unstable angina. Anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and clinical effects.
Authors: R M Lidón, P Théroux, M Juneau, B Adelman, J Maraganore
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Currently available antithrombotic therapy for unstable angina is unwieldy and occasionally ineffective. This study was designed to investigate the potential of Hirulog, a new synthetic specific antithrombin agent, for the management of this condition. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 55 patients in the acute phase of unstable angina received intravenous Hirulog according to one of two protocols. In an acute dose-escalating study, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg.kg-1 x h-1, each for 30 minutes, were infused in 15 patients. Prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (r = .95), fibrinopeptide A inhibition (r = .96), and Hirulog plasma levels (r = .91) correlated closely with the dose infused, with significant changes compared with baseline appearing at doses of 0.25 mg.kg-1 x h-1 and higher. The purposes of the second protocol were to determine whether the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of the drug were sustained during a 72-hour infusion and to assess whether such treatment prevented the complications of unstable angina. Based on the initial study, we planned to give a dose of 0.25 mg.kg-1 x h-1 to each patient until 2 patients failed therapy, then successively higher doses until a 95% success rate was achieved or adverse effects intervened, increasing the dose after two failures had occurred at each level. Five patients received the 0.25-mg.kg-1 x h-1 dose and 14 the 0.5-mg.kg-1 x h-1 dose before two failures occurred. Failure was observed in only one of 21 patients at the dose of 1 mg.kg-1 x h-1. aPTT (+/- SEM) levels increased to 62 +/- 5, 76 +/- 2, and 98 +/- 3 seconds at the three doses, with minimal intraindividual variation, and Hirulog plasma levels to 1050, 2100, and 4200 mg/mL, respectively. Fibrinopeptide A plasma levels decreased at all doses but more consistently at the dose of 1 mg.kg-1 x h-1. The overall clinical success rate was 87.5%: 60% (3/5) at the low dose, 86% (12/14) at the intermediate dose, and 95% (20/21) at the high dose. No deaths, myocardial infarctions, or bleeding complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS In unstable angina patients, Hirulog infusions quickly and reproducibly yield stable, dose-dependent anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects with a favorable clinical efficacy profile.