tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β stimulates fibroblast elastase activity
Authors: F. CROUTE, E. DELAPORTE, J.Y. BONNEFOY, C. FERTIN, J. THIVOLET, J. E. NICOLAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We report the stimulation of elastase activity of human skin fibroblasts by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1). Elastase activity was determined by the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate succinoyl trialanine paranitroanilide (Suc(Ala3)NA). Recombinant human IL-1 beta induced a concentration-dependent increase in the elastase activity of fibroblasts. The supernatants of keratinocyte cultures that contained IL-1/ETAF showed similar stimulatory activity.
Netherlands gives more protection to doctors in euthanasia cases
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Dutch MPs have ended decades of uncertainty for the medical profession by voting to enshrine in law the exemption from criminal prosecution for doctors performing euthanasia within strict criteria.

The Ministry of Justice maintains that the bill does not amount to the legalisation of euthanasia but to “decriminalisation in certain circumstances.” If the bill is approved by the senate then the Netherlands will become the first country in the world to legislate on mercy killing.

A doctor currently performing euthanasia must first report what remains …
The effects of reperfusion and retrograde coronary flow bleeding after coronary occlusion on induced electrical instability in the dog.
Authors: B A Jones-Collins, R E Patterson
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Reperfusion achieved by streptokinase infusion early after myocardial infarction (MI) is now being performed in patients, but the effect on electrical instability of increasing or decreasing perfusion in the region at risk for MI is unknown. Accordingly, 34 dogs were randomized to control (13 dogs), reperfusion (11 dogs) and retrograde bleeding (10 dogs) groups. All dogs underwent coronary artery occlusion (23 of the left anterior descending and 11 of the circumflex artery). In the control dogs, occlusion was permanent. In the reperfused dogs, the occlusion was released at 2 hours. In the retrograde bleeding dogs, retrograde flow bleeding distal to the occlusive tie was continued for 2 hours after coronary occlusion. Four days later, all dogs underwent a standard right ventricular pacing protocol. Induced arrhythmias were scored; ventricular fibrillation was assigned the highest score, followed by sustained ventricular tachycardia, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and repetitive ventricular response. Arrhythmias provocable later in diastole were assigned higher scores than those provocable early in diastole. Infarct size was not different in the three groups (35%, 28% and 39% of the area at risk in control, reperfusion and retrograde bleeding groups, respectively). However, the electrical instability index was lower in the reperfusion group than in the other two groups (e.g., electrical instability index A at 200 beats/min: p less than 0.005 for reperfusion vs control; p less than 0.01 for reperfusion vs retrograde bleeding). Retrograde bleeding did not alter the electrical instability index from the control state. These results suggest that despite no significant reduction in infarct size, reperfusion after infarction may reduce electrical instability.
Effects of Acute Regional Myocardial Ischemia on Left Ventricular Function in Dogs
Authors: LEE P. ENRIGHT, HAMNER HANNAH, ROBERT L. REIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The immediate functional deficit resulting from acute regional myocardial ischemia was evaluated in 40 anesthetized dogs. Ventricular function curves, maximum dp/dt, isovolumetric force-velocity curves, and peak systolic and resting diastolic length-tension curves were assessed at fixed heart rate and constant aortic pressure before and during occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery 2 to 3 cm distal to its origin. Mild, moderate, or marked depression of the ventricular function resulted from occlusion of the anterior descending artery, depending upon the anatomy of the intercoronary collateral vessels. Maximum loss of function was apparent 2 minutes after occlusion, and was quantitatively reproducible by reocclusion after an intervening period of unobstructed flow. Resting diastolic length-tension relations were not significantly altered by occlusion of the anterior descending artery. In 12 dogs, force-velocity relations were determined during the inscription of ventricular function curves and in every instance when depressed function was evident from the ventricular function curve, the simultaneously determined force-velocity curve also demonstrated impaired performance. At low preload levels, however, the force-velocity curves inscribed before and during occlusion of the anterior descending artery were not very dissimilar; with increasing ventricular volumes, the force-velocity curve inscribed during coronary artery occlusion progressively shifted downward and to the left of the control curve. Maximum velocity, however, appeared to be unchanged suggesting that this index of contractility is not a satisfactory method for assessing cardiac performance during acute regional myocardial ischemia.
Caesarean section: a treatment for mental disorder? Tameside&amp;Glossop Acute Services Unit v CH (a patient) [1996] 1 FLR 762
Authors: B. Dolan, C. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

CH was a 41 year old woman who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. She was detained under section 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 and was subsequently found to be pregnant. She had previously shown pathological reactions to major tranquillisers, and it was feared that their use would be injurious to the fetus; thus, during pregnancy she was given only minor tranquillisers. Her psychiatrists stated that were she not pregnant she would be given strong antipsychotic drugs.

At 31 weeks into the pregnancy it was established that intrauterine growth was retarded because of a poorly functioning placenta. By 37 weeks, there were concerns that if the pregnancy continued the fetus would die in utero. The obstetrician considered that it was necessary to deliver the baby as soon as possible and planned to induce labour, but there was a possibility that fetal distress could occur during labour and, if so, an immediate caesarean section would be required.

It was agreed that the death of the baby in utero would not cause any physical harm to the mother, but the psychiatrist thought that delivering a stillborn child would have “profound deleterious effect” on her mental health in the short and long term. He believed that if the child were stillborn CH would become increasingly paranoid and blame staff for its death. This would undermine the trust she had in psychiatric services, and without that degree of trust the prognosis for treating her schizophrenia was deemed to be poor.

The obstetrician (who wished to induce within two days) was concerned that, although CH consented to the induction, she might change her mind and, if so, might need to be restrained. CH had told her psychiatrist …
Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy in Hispanic New Mexicans
Authors: Mark W. Becher
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare myopathy caused by polyalanine triplet repeat expansion in the gene for poly(A) binding protein 2 (PABP2) and is found in isolated cohorts throughout the world. We have observed numerous cases of OPMD in New Mexico.To characterize the clinical, genetic, and demographic features of the OPMD population in New Mexico.Cohort study with analysis of outpatient clinic medical records from 1965 to 2001 at the University of New Mexico Hospital and the New Mexico VA Health Care System in Albuquerque, which serve the entire state.Clinical phenotype, supplemented with genetic confirmation (n = 10 patients) and in-depth clinical evaluations (n = 49 patients).We identified 216 cases of OPMD (99 women and 117 men) from 39 kindreds of New Mexicans spanning up to 4 generations. All patients were Hispanic, and the majority of probands came from northern New Mexico. In patients who had both ocular and pharyngeal muscle weakness, ptosis was just as likely to occur before or concurrent with dysphagia. Proximal limb muscle weakness and gait abnormalities were common and occurred later than ocular or pharyngeal weakness. The clinical expression of OPMD caused marked debility, although life-table analysis showed no decrease in life expectancy compared with unaffected family members (P =.81). Ten individuals from different kindreds were found to have an identical polyalanine triplet repeat expansion ([GCG](9)) in the PABP2 gene.Individuals in this cohort had clinical and genetic characteristics of classic OPMD. Longevity was not affected, but patients experienced considerable morbidity. The origin of the PABP2 mutation in New Mexican OPMD patients is unclear, although the geographic and genetic isolation of northern New Mexicans with a long ancestry in this region may have contributed to the development of this cohort. This disease cohort represents a large and previously unrecognized health care issue in the state of New Mexico and should serve to raise the awareness of this disorder among clinicians who treat Hispanics in the Southwest and throughout the United States.
Effect of Cervical Sympathectomy on Obstructed Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Stephen A. Hegedus, Perry Point, Richard T. Shackelford
Journal: JAMA (1963)

MANY INVESTIGATIONS of the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been reported during the past three decades. Some of these explored the possibility of a primary neurogenic control.<sup>1-3</sup> In the past, measurements were made of the diameter of the cerebral blood vessels<sup>4</sup>instead of the actual flow because there existed no method for measuring the latter at that time. However, in 1948, Kety and Schmidt<sup>5</sup>devised a reliable method of measuring the CBF in humans, based on Fick's principle and employing inhalations of nitrous oxide. The authors modified this method for use in dogs and demonstrated the reliability of the modification by obtaining highly significant correlations between CBF and body temperature at a level of<i>P</i>&lt;0.005. In a previous communication<sup>6</sup>we reported that in normal dogs after bilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy there was a decrease in the CBF rather than an expected
Abstract 2317: Oct4 impacts migration of breast cancer via Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition related manner
Authors: Jiajia Hu, Quanjun Guo, Na Li, Rong Xiang, Xiaoyue Tan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent studys suggest that Oct4, a key regulator in maintenance of the embryonic stem cell pluripotency and proliferation, is relevant with the malignant characteristic of breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the role of OCT4 in the mechanism underlying the migration of breast cancer. We compared Oct4 expression in cultured MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell, both of them are original from breast dust epithelial cell while the migration capacity of MDA-MB-231 cell is strikingly higher than that of MCF-7 cell. Result of western blot showed that expression level of Oct4 in MCF-7 cell was much higher than that in MDA-MB-231 cell. Then, we abolished Oct4 expression MCF-7 cell using siRNA technology. Trans-well assay result showed Oct4 down-regulation significantly increased the number of migrated cells. The expressions of E-cadherin andα-SMA, accepted epithelial and mesenchymal marker separately, were examined by western blot method. Upon down-regulation of Oct4, E-cadherin expression was inhibited whileα-SMA expression was significantly up-regulated. Real-time PCR result showed Fibronetin mRNA expression was also significantly up-regulated after Oct4 down-regulation. Further, we added TGF-β1 to cultured MCF-7 cell and then examined Oct4, E-cadherin and α-SMA expression level with Western blot. The results showed that TGF-β1 significantly inhibited E-cadherin while induced α-SMA expression in both time- and dose-dependent manner. At the same time, Oct4 expression was also highly down-regulated with the treatment of TGF-β1. Interestingly, Snail expression, which is a critical transcription factor in epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, is significantly increased with the down-regulation of Oct-4 expression. Our study seemed to implicate transcription factor OCT4 in migration of breast cancer via EMT-related manner and this effect is likely associated with the impact of Oct-4 on the expression of Snail. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2317.
Tietze's syndrome.
Authors: C W McKean
Journal: BMJ (1977)

much lcss than that of a HBeAg-positive mother.It is of particular interest that the child born to our anti-HBe-positive carrier mother and the case reported previously both developed an acute infection, in contrast to children of HBeAGpositive mothers, who became asymptomatic carriers.The only evidence of hepatitis B infection in these children after elimination of antigen was the presence of antibody.It is thus necessary to perform serial screen- ing on children born to HBsAg-positive mothers, for anti-HBs as well as HBsAg, in any study of e anti-e as a possible marker for vertical transmission.
Surgical removal of third molars
Authors: J P Shepherd, M Brickley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The surgical removal of teeth is one of the four surgical operations included in both top 10 day case and inpatient NHS procedures for England and Wales.1 The other three procedures, for 1989-90, were endoscopic operations on the upper gastrointestinal tract and bladder and evacuation of the contents of the uterus. Surprisingly, in the last year for which statistics are available (1989-90) more than twice as many people (60 000) were admitted for the surgical removal of teeth as were treated as day cases (28 000). For inpatient procedures, the surgical removal of teeth was ninth in frequency behind vasectomy. The surgical removal of third molars (wisdom teeth) accounted for 70% of these procedures in 1989-90. In addition, 67 000 people had their third molars removed by dental practitioners in the general dental service and 22 000 had their third molars removed in the private sector. The total cost of third molar removal in the NHS in 1989-90 was estimated as pounds sterling 23.3m and in the year ended 30 June 1992 was pounds sterling 22m in the private sector.2 In the hospital service, patients waiting for third molar removal account for up to 90% of patients on waiting lists in oral and maxillofacial surgery.3 Although …
Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences of Untreated Central Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure
Authors: Maria Rosa Costanzo, Rami Khayat, Piotr Ponikowski, Ralph Augostini, Christoph Stellbrink, Marcus Mianulli, William T. Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a highly prevalent, though often unrecognized, comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Data from HF population studies suggest that it may present in 30% to 50% of HF patients. CSA is recognized as an important contributor to the progression of HF and to HF-related morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, an expanding body of research has begun to shed light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CSA. Armed with this growing knowledge base, the sleep, respiratory, and cardiovascular research communities have been working to identify ways to treat CSA in HF with the ultimate goal of improving patient quality of life and clinical outcomes. In this paper, we examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of CSA in HF and review emerging therapies for this disorder.
Out-of-Hospital Hypertonic Resuscitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Eileen M. Bulger, Susanne May, Karen J. Brasel, Martin Schreiber, Jeffrey D. Kerby, Samuel A. Tisherman, Craig Newgard, Arthur Slutsky, Raul Coimbra, Scott Emerson, Joseph P. Minei, Berit Bardarson, Peter Kudenchuk, Andrew Baker, Jim Christenson, Ahamed Idris, Daniel Davis, Timothy C. Fabian, Tom P. Aufderheide, Clifton Callaway, Carolyn Williams, Jane Banek, Christian Vaillancourt, Rardi van Heest, George Sopko, J. Steven Hata, David B. Hoyt, for the ROC Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Hypertonic fluids restore cerebral perfusion with reduced cerebral edema and modulate inflammatory response to reduce subsequent neuronal injury and thus have potential benefit in resuscitation of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).To determine whether out-of-hospital administration of hypertonic fluids improves neurologic outcome following severe TBI.Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 114 North American emergency medical services agencies within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, conducted between May 2006 and May 2009 among patients 15 years or older with blunt trauma and a prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less who did not meet criteria for hypovolemic shock. Planned enrollment was 2122 patients.A single 250-mL bolus of 7.5% saline/6% dextran 70 (hypertonic saline/dextran), 7.5% saline (hypertonic saline), or 0.9% saline (normal saline) initiated in the out-of-hospital setting.Six-month neurologic outcome based on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) (dichotomized as >4 or ≤4).The study was terminated by the data and safety monitoring board after randomization of 1331 patients, having met prespecified futility criteria. Among the 1282 patients enrolled, 6-month outcomes data were available for 1087 (85%). Baseline characteristics of the groups were equivalent. There was no difference in 6-month neurologic outcome among groups with regard to proportions of patients with severe TBI (GOSE ≤4) (hypertonic saline/dextran vs normal saline: 53.7% vs 51.5%; difference, 2.2% [95% CI, -4.5% to 9.0%]; hypertonic saline vs normal saline: 54.3% vs 51.5%; difference, 2.9% [95% CI, -4.0% to 9.7%]; P = .67). There were no statistically significant differences in distribution of GOSE category or Disability Rating Score by treatment group. Survival at 28 days was 74.3% with hypertonic saline/dextran, 75.7% with hypertonic saline, and 75.1% with normal saline (P = .88).Among patients with severe TBI not in hypovolemic shock, initial resuscitation with either hypertonic saline or hypertonic saline/dextran, compared with normal saline, did not result in superior 6-month neurologic outcome or survival.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00316004.
THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA.
Authors: DeLANCEY ROCHESTER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Samuel West, in his most excellent work "Diseases of the Respiratory Organs," says, after a careful survey of the various theories as to the nature of asthma: Asthma must be regarded as a reflex neurosis, the symptoms of which are spasm of the bronchial muscle, of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles, associated with more or less of vasomotor disturbance in the bronchi. While all this is true, it is my opinion that in all cases of true asthma there is also present a true bronchiolitis with exudate of mucin, which is eventually expectorated in the form of Lænnec's perles, each of which may be shown to be a very tightly rolled mass of Curschmann's spirals, which may also usually be found in the sputum. In order to find these, it is necessary to examine the sputum immediately after the attack, as it does not take long for them to
Social measures may control pandemic flu better than drugs and vaccines
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Non-pharmacological interventions may be as important as—or even more important than—drugs and vaccines in fighting pandemic flu, speakers at a conference in Barcelona said last week.

The international conference on health technology assessment heard from James LeDuc, a professor at the University of Texas who until recently helped to lead the US national strategy for responding to pandemic flu, how St Louis did much better than Philadelphia in the 1918 pandemic—long before effective drugs and vaccines were available. St Louis had its first cases on 5 October 1918, and on 7 October it took a range of measures, such as closing schools, theatres, and dance and pool halls and banning public gatherings, including funerals. In contrast, Philadelphia …
Abstract P3-02-02: Cyclin D1 overexpression increases the risk for breast cancer death 4-fold in hormone receptor positive and node negative breast cancer
Authors: C Ahlin, M Grönberg, A Valachis, W Zhou, R-M Amini, C Blomqvist, M-L Fjällskog
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Cyclin D1 has a central role in cell cycle control, but also directly affects the estrogen receptor. It has been shown that cyclin D can activate the estrogen receptor in a ligand-independent way and studies are implying that cyclin D overexpression may be linked to tamoxifen resistance. We wanted to explore the prognostic value of cyclin D overexpression in node negative breast cancer. Patients and methods: We examined the expression of cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry on tissue micro array (TMA) sections from a case control study (1:1) consisting of 380 patients with T1-2N0M0 breast cancer. Adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine treatment was allowed, but not chemotherapy. Event was defined as breast cancer death. Breast cancer specific survival was analyzed in univariate and multivariate models using conditional logistic regression. Results: Cyclin D1 was inversely correlated to Elston grade (rho = 0.2; p = 0.000); moderately correlated to PgR status (rho = 0.3, p = 0.000) and strongly correlated to ER status (rho = 0.4, p = 0.000). Cyclin D1 overexpression did not increase the risk for breast cancer death analyzing the whole patient population. However, subgroup analyses of hormone receptor positive patients showed an increased risk for breast cancer death (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.4-12.6) and (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.3-12) when adjusted for tumor size and age at diagnosis.Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is an independant prognostic factor of outcome in hormone receptor positive and node negative breast cancer with overexpression increasing the risk for breast cancer death 4-fold. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-02-02.
Endothelin enhances the contractile responsiveness of adult rat ventricular myocytes to calcium by a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway.
Authors: R A Kelly, H Eid, B K Krämer, M O'Neill, B T Liang, M Reers, T W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

It has long been assumed that the primary influences regulating cardiac contractility are the extent of mechanical loading of muscle fibers and the activity of the autonomic nervous system. However, the vasoactive peptide endothelin, initially found in vascular endothelium, is among the most potent positively inotropic agents yet described in mammalian myocardium. In isolated adult rat ventricular cells, endothelin's action was slow in onset but very long lasting with an EC50 of 50 pM that approximates the reported KD of the peptide for its receptor in rat heart. When the calcium activity of the buffer superfusing isolated single fura-2-loaded myocytes paced at 1.5 Hz was varied from 0.1 to 0.9 mM [Ca2+]o, 100 pM endothelin increased contractile amplitude with no significant change in diastolic or systolic [Ca2+]i, thus appearing to sensitize the myofilaments to intracellular calcium. Pertussis toxin, or prior exposure to a beta-adrenergic agonist, reduced or abolished the increase in myocyte contractility induced by endothelin. This novel and potent pharmacologic action of endothelin points to the potential importance of local, paracrine factors, perhaps derived from microvascular endothelium or endocardium, in the control of the contractile function of the heart.