tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Child labour in Arab countries: call for action
Authors: Basema Saddik, Iman Nuwayhid
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Obstacles to health in the Arab worldEditor-Health indicators in the Arab world show stark differences between individual countries.But aggregate figures provide only a narrow perspective.They do not show variation according to socioeconomic group, sex, education, or political affiliation.The scarcity of databases available to collect such detailed data reflects the fact that inadequate political support exists for rigorous intersectoral research of relevance for health in the region.National development agendas and public policies are focused on economic development.Funding for health tends largely to be directed at providing curative medical services designed to emulate Western health systems. 1 Patriarchal and religious principles embedded in the state structures of many Arab countries-such as Lebanon, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia-are a further obstacle to unpicking and taking action to tackle poor health and health inequity in the region.The conservative values of the Arab world render public debates about religion, politics, and sexuality unacceptable and place social stigma around drug users, commercial sex workers, and mentally ill people.As a result, health data on such groups are limited and unreliable, 2 which presents an obstacle for the development of appropriate services.Although national cultural, social, and economic structures are to blame for patchy and inequitable public health services, particularly in Egypt, Morocco, and Lebanon, 3 regional and global forces influence health provision too.The Arab-Israeli conflict, the wars in Iraq, the Gulf, Lebanon, Yemen, and Sudan have brought about hunger, epidemics, displacement, and death.These wars have been tacitly bolstered by multinational corporations, which have sold billions of dollars worth of weapons to Arab countries in conflict.Governments' expenditures on defence in some Arab countries are greater than their expenditure on health. 4 International political action (and inaction), notably in Iraq and Lebanon, has played a part too.Similarly, global decisions have led to fluctuations of funding for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), the leading health and social service provider to Palestinian refugees. 5 Multilateral and bilateral aid has also influenced public policy making in many economies of the Arab world, owing to demands for reform and reduced public sector spending.These have had a dispro-portionate effect on low income groups.Although several Arab countries have banned tobacco advertisements, tobacco companies continue to reach Arab homes through satellite television stations, another global feature.Tobacco related mortality is expected to reach 0.5 million deaths in the Arab world by 2020.Further investigation of the ways that powerful regional and global agents effect health in the Arab world and beyond is crucial for a clearer perspective on obstacles to health.Only then will the possibility of advocacy for lasting health see the light.
31 VALIDATION OF A DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER PANEL FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)
Authors: Z.M. Younossi, M. Jarrar, C. Nugent, M. Randhawa, M. Afendy, M. Stepanova, A. Afendy, N. Rafiq, Z. Goodman, V. Chandhoke, A. Baranova
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Development of Anti-tumor Immunity against a Non-immunogenic Mammary Carcinoma through in Vivo Somatic GM-CSF, IL-2, and HSVtk Combination Gene Therapy
Authors: Dirk G. Brockstedt, Melissa Diagana, Ying Zhang, Kimvan Tran, Nicole Belmar, Melinda Meier, Adrienne Yang, Florence Boissiere, Augustine Lin, Yawen Chiang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Gene therapy for cancer using suicide genes such as the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSVtk) has been explored extensively in preclinical and clinical studies. We have improved the use of HSVtk by combining it with two cytokine genes encoding granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and determined their additive/synergistic effects on tumor regression and inhibition of metastases in the non-immunogenic, spontaneously metastatic mammary tumor model, 4T1. Two adenoviral vectors (AV) were constructed, one carrying HSVtk (AV-TK) and the second (AV-GM/IL2) carrying Gm-CSf and Il2. Only the combination of AV-TK/GCV and AV-GM/IL2 showed a significant decrease in tumor growth and reduction of distant metastases with 25% of the tumors undergoing complete regression. When surgical excision of primary tumors was included in the regimen, local treatment with AV-TK/GCV plus AV-GM/IL2 further enhanced long-term survival. A fraction of the treated mice developed anti-tumor immunity and survived a second challenge with 4T1. Functional analyses demonstrated infiltration of lymphocytes within the tumor and a strong tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in TK- plus cytokine-treated animals. These data indicate that the coexpression of GM-CSF and IL-2 can augment the effect of HSVtk suicide gene therapy.
Refractory Hyperglycemia After Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Novel Subtype of Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Francesco Rubino, Alpana P. Shukla, David E. Cummings, Matthew W. Rosenbaum, Ashwin Soni, Geltrude Mingrone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Patients failing to respond to radically effective therapies can provide clues to identify distinct disease subtypes. For example, the recognition of insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive patients helped reveal diabetes variants now classified as type 1 and 2.

After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 40–80% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experience diabetes remission, and nearly all enjoy improved glycemic control (1–3). Studying absolute nonresponders to RYGB may reveal disease subtypes with distinct pathophysiology. Published series of bariatric surgery, however, usually describe general rates of remitters and nonremitters but do not distinguish between partial responders versus absolute nonresponders.

Long diabetes duration (>10 years), preoperative insulin use, and lesser postoperative weight loss are associated with lower diabetes remission rates after RYGB (4), suggesting that insufficient insulin reserve at late-stage T2DM and/or inadequate weight loss may reduce diabetes responsiveness to surgery. Precise clinical and laboratory characterization of nonremitters in traditional bariatric surgery series, …
Galangin and TRAIL cooperate to suppress A549 lung cancer proliferation via apoptosis and p38 MAPK activation
Authors: Wenjing Zhang, Qilai Huang, Zichun Hua
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor therapy against lung cancer which is currently undergoing a phase III clinical trial in China. Unfortunately some cancer patients in the clinical trial displayed resistance to TRAIL treatment. In investigating ways to overcome this resistance, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of galangin on TRAIL resistant A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Here we report that, in comparison with the single agents, the combination of galangin and TRAIL markedly suppressed proliferation of A549 cells and induced apoptosis as shown by DAPI and JC-1 staining. The combination of galangin and TRAIL induced PARP cleavage, activation of caspase-8 and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases). These findings indicate that the combination of galangin and TRAIL may constitute a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
Appendicectomy and ulcerative colitis
Authors: P C J ter Borg
Journal: Gut (2003)

Cosnes et al demonstrated that previous appendicectomy is not only associated with a lower incidence of ulcerative colitis, but also with a less severe course of the disease. Although we can fully agree with this result, we disagree with the recommendation that “Patients genetically at high risk of developing ulcerative colitis may be considered as candidates for appendicectomy with the objectives of preventing the development of ulcerative colitis and also decreasing its severity” ( Gut 2002; 51 :803–7).

All previous studies, as well as the present study, have demonstrated an association only between previous appendicectomy and ulcerative colitis. It has not been shown that performing appendicectomy in healthy persons at increased risk of developing ulcerative colitis is beneficial. The association may as well have been caused by an unknown confounding factor, both leading to an increased risk of appendicitis and a decreased risk …
INTERACTION BETWEEN ST2 LEVELS AND EXERCISE TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE: ANALYSIS FROM THE HF-ACTION TRIAL
Authors: Tariq Ahmad, G. Michael Felker, Mona Fiuzat, Vivian Thompson, Linda Shaw, Kirkwood Adams, David Whellan, Mark Donahue, Dalane Kitzman, Ileana Pina, Faiez Zannad, William Kraus, Christopher O&apos;Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Thermography in the detection and follow up of chondromalacia patellae.
Authors: M Vujcic, R Nedeljkovic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Although diagnostic criteria for chondromalacia patellae exist, the disease is often accompanied by physical signs which are limited or non-diagnostic. Thermographic examination was performed in 157 patients with clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae in 86 patients after surgical treatment for chondromalacia, and in 308 controls. Thermography can help the clinicians in establishing the diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae, but by itself is not sufficiently specific. The specificity of thermography was dependent on age, ranging from 90% for the 15-24 year age group to 65% for the 45-54 year age group. Sensitivity of the method was 68%. Thermography can disclose other knee disorders which imitate chondromalacia patellae.
Letter: beta-blockers and fibrinous peritonitis.
Authors: J F Gurry, I G Cunningham, B N Brooke
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Risks of Total Hip Replacement SM,-In your leading aricle (10 May, p. 296) on the risks of total hip rePlacement, you mention introperative circulatory collapse attributed to acrylic cement.Modig says that the literature records "at least 30 deaths during the operative procedure and possibly there are many moire unrecorded cases."The original reports which led to the Department of Health and Social Security -setting up an inquiry in 1971 a-re now over four years old and during these four years the use of acrylic cement in hip therapy must have mutliplied many times, but we no
Assessing Glycemic Control in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jean-Pierre Riveline, Samy Hadjadj
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Kazempour-Ardebili et al. (1), studying the glycemic control in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. It was particularly interesting because we recently published an article on the same topic and found quite similar results while using another device for continuous glucose monitoring (2).

Two important points must be acknowledged …
Increasing rate of deliberate self poisoning
Authors: P Beck, R Scorer, J Lazarus, P Smith, P Routledge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Would it not be possible to maintain supplies of urofollitrophin (Metrodin (Serono)) until further consultation?In addition, Organon has just launched a gonadotrophin preparation with low luteinising hormone concentrations (Nornegon).Perhaps, Serono will reflect on the consequences of its unilateral action.
F-18 FDG PET/CT of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Akira Toriihara, Youhei Seto, Katsuya Yoshida, Isao Umehara, Tassei Nakagawa, Ren Liu, Itsuo Iwamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We performed F-18 FDG PET/CT on a 69-year-old woman with polymyalgia rheumatica. In this case, FDG accumulated not only in the major joints of the extremities but also in the lumbar region. The anatomic structure on the PET/CT fused images turned out to be intervertebral joints, interspinal ligaments, and surrounding muscles. The mechanism of this uptake at the lumbar region was judged to be similar to that at other regions, based on her clinical course. The suspected pathology was synovitis or perisynovitis of many joints.
Colon capsule endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: C. Spada, C. Hassan, J. Galmiche, H. Neuhaus, J. Dumonceau, S. Adler, O. Epstein, G. Gay, M. Pennazio, D. Rex, R. Benamouzig, R. de Franchis, M. Delvaux, J. Devière, R. Eliakim, C. Fraser, F. Hagenmuller, J. Herrerias, M. Keuchel, F. Macrae, M. Munoz-Navas, T. Ponchon, E. Quintero, M. Riccioni, E. Rondonotti, R. Marmo, J. Sung, H. Tajiri, E. Toth, K. Triantafyllou, A. Van Gossum, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

PillCam colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an innovative noninvasive, and painless ingestible capsule technique that allows exploration of the colon without the need for sedation and gas insufflation. Although it is already available in European and other countries, the clinical indications for CCE as well as the reporting and work-up of detected findings have not yet been standardized. The aim of this evidence-based and consensus-based guideline, commissioned by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) is to furnish healthcare providers with a comprehensive framework for potential implementation of this technique in a clinical setting.
Stromal cells expressing hedgehog-interacting protein regulate the proliferation of myeloid neoplasms
Authors: M Kobune, S Iyama, S Kikuchi, H Horiguchi, T Sato, K Murase, Y Kawano, K Takada, K Ono, Y Kamihara, T Hayashi, K Miyanishi, Y Sato, R Takimoto, J Kato
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Aberrant reactivation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been described in a wide variety of human cancers including cancer stem cells. However, involvement of the Hh-signaling system in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment during the development of myeloid neoplasms is unknown. In this study, we assessed the expression of Hh-related genes in primary human CD34(+) cells, CD34(+) blastic cells and BM stromal cells. Both Indian Hh (Ihh) and its signal transducer, smoothened (SMO), were expressed in CD34(+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-derived cells. However, Ihh expression was relatively low in BM stromal cells. Remarkably, expression of the intrinsic Hh-signaling inhibitor, human Hh-interacting protein (HHIP) in AML/MDS-derived stromal cells was markedly lower than in healthy donor-derived stromal cells. Moreover, HHIP expression levels in BM stromal cells highly correlated with their supporting activity for SMO(+) leukemic cells. Knockdown of HHIP gene in stromal cells increased their supporting activity although control cells marginally supported SMO(+) leukemic cell proliferation. The demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine rescued HHIP expression via demethylation of HHIP gene and reduced the leukemic cell-supporting activity of AML/MDS-derived stromal cells. This indicates that suppression of stromal HHIP could be associated with the proliferation of AML/MDS cells.
Technology spurt resolves growth hormone problem, ends shortage
Authors: K. Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blueprint for a Stronger Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Over the past 5 years, a series of recalls of high-profile prescription medications has aroused serious concern about the safety of the nation's drug supply. Faced with a crisis of confidence, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 called on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies to conduct a comprehensive review of the safety of prescription drugs. The IOM assembled a distinguished review committee, and after nearly a year and a half of deliberations, a draft of the committee report became public on September 21, 2006 (www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/26341/37329.aspx). The committee recommends a number of specific reforms that . . .
Novel childhood ALL susceptibility locus BMI1-PIP4K2A is specifically associated with the hyperdiploid subtype
Authors: Kyle M. Walsh, Adam J. de Smith, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Catherine Metayer, Gary V. Dahl, Ling-i Hsu, Lisa F. Barcellos, Joseph L. Wiemels, Patricia A. Buffler
Journal: Blood (2013)
Scott's parabola
Authors: J W Scott
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Treatment with second generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists has been associated with lengthening of the Q-T interval and proarrhythmia. Similarly, lengthening of the Q-T interval has been reported in patients after overdosing with diphenhydramine (DPH), a first generation agent. Therefore, our study was designed 1) to assess effects of DPH on cardiac repolarization and 2) to characterize effects of the drug on major voltage-dependent cardiac K<sup>+</sup> currents. First, we noticed that oral administration of DPH at usual dosages to healthy volunteers or to patients (prior to angioplasty) was associated with prolongation of the Q-T<sub>c</sub> interval. Although this effect was modest in most individuals, Q-T<sub>c</sub> was increased more than 20 ms in 7 of 20 patients. Second, we noticed that exposure of isolated guinea pig hearts to DPH 10<sup>−5</sup> M caused a lengthening of monophasic action potential duration. This effect was potentiated by the combined perfusion of other K<sup>+</sup> channel blockers such as indapamide. Finally, experiments performed with the patch-clamp technique demonstrated unequivocal block of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier (I<sub>Kr</sub>) by DPH; however, IC<sub>50</sub> determined for block of I<sub>Kr</sub> (3 · 10<sup>−5</sup> M) is ∼40-fold greater than plasma concentrations of the drug measured at usual dosages (7 · 10<sup>−7</sup> M). Consequently, in agreement with the long-term clinical use of the drug, prolongation of cardiac repolarization should be minimal in most patients at usual dosages but may be observed with overdosing. Nevertheless, caution remains since excessive lengthening of cardiac repolarization may occur after administration of DPH with other drugs due to 1) concomitant block of other ionic currents or 2) pharmacokinetic interactions leading to toxic concentrations of DPH.
Risk factors for cardiac and pyloric stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection, and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation treatment
Authors: S. Coda, I. Oda, T. Gotoda, C. Yokoi, T. Kikuchi, H. Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Bleeding and perforation are major complications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC), but post-ESD stenosis represents a severe delayed complication that can result in clinical symptoms such as dysphagia and nausea. The aims of this study were to determine the risk factors and evaluate the clinical treatment for post-ESD stenosis.A total of 2011 EGCs resected by ESD at our institution between 2000 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Resection was defined as cardiac when any mucosal defect was located in the squamocolumnar junction, and as pyloric when any mucosal defect was located < 1 cm from the pylorus ring. Post-ESD stenosis was defined when a standard endoscope could not be passed through the stenosis. We examined the incidence of post-ESD stenosis, its relationship with relevant factors, and the clinical course of post-ESD stenosis patients.Post-ESD stenosis occurred with seven of 41 cardiac resections (17 %) and eight of 115 pyloric resections (7 %). Circumferential extent of the mucosal defect of > 3/4 and longitudinal extent > 5 cm were each significantly related to occurrence of post-ESD stenosis with both cardiac and pyloric resections. All 15 affected patients were successfully treated by endoscopic balloon dilation.A circumferential extent of the mucosal defect of > 3/4 or longitudinal extent of > 5 cm in length were both demonstrated to be risk factors for post-ESD stenosis, in both cardiac and pyloric resections, and endoscopic balloon dilation was shown to be effective in treating post-ESD stenosis.
Factors Influencing the Ratio of Uterine Cancer in a Community
Authors: Edmund R. Novak
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The ratio of the number of cases of cervical cancer to endometrial cancer was found to be 6.7/1 in one hospital, while at another hospital in the same city, but a few miles away, the ratio was 1.1/1. The incidences of cervical carcinoma in situ were also unequal. The populations from which the two hospitals received patients differed significantly in ethnic composition and economic status. The members of the two staffs also differed in interests and methods. Since these factors clearly influenced the figures it is evident that statistics of this kind need careful scrutiny before any observed differences can be interpreted as resulting from treatment or indicating a trend.
Prevalence of left atrial chamber and appendage thrombi in patients with atrial flutter and its clinical significance
Authors: Harald Schmidt, Giso von der Recke, Stefan Illien, Thorsten Lewalter, Rainer Schimpf, Christian Wolpert, Harald Becher, Berndt Lüderitz, Heyder Omran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
ln-111 Labeled Leukocyte and Ga-67 Scintigraphy in Cytomegalovirus Colitis
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, CHUN K. KIM, LINDA B. NEEDLE, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Because of their impaired immunologic status, individuals with AIDS are subject to a variety of opportunistic infections. While Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy is valuable in the diagnosis of pulmonary manifestations of this disease, large bowel excretion of this radionuclide limits its role in the evaluation of gastrointestinal complications frequently encountered in the AIDS patient. Labeled leukocytes do not accumulate in the normal bowel, and in-111 labeled leukocyte scintigraphy has proved useful in AIDS patients with bowel pathology. ln-111 leukocyte and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy were performed on an AIDS patient with fever of unknown origin and no localizing signs or symptoms. Although gallium scintigraphy was essentially normal, labeled leukocyte images demonstrated intense colonic accumulation of labeled WBCs. Colonic biopsy was performed, and tissue cultures grew out cytomegalovirus.