tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward the twenty-first century: lessons from lead and lessons yet to learn.
Authors: E K Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A consideration of recent research on lead is instructive for developing research strategies in environmental toxicology. Lead research has demonstrated fruitful interactions between clinical and basic science. Thus, while epidemiological studies have suggested that central nervous system (CNS) effects in children are observed at the lowest increments of lead exposure, basic research has elucidated some of the molecular events that underly this lack of threshold at the neuronal level. Similarly, clinical studies indicate that early exposure to lead produces functionally irreversible damage to the CNS; experimental research demonstrates that this irreversibility may involve failure to remove lead from brain, permanent effects on synaptogenesis; and chelant-induced redistribution of lead from the periphery to the CNS. Lead toxicokinetics demand reevaluation. New data on release of bone stores of lead during physiological conditions of demineralization indicate that mobilization of bone lead adds to in utero exposure of the fetus. Furthermore, postmenopausal demineralization of bone can increase blood lead levels in women by 25%; this raises concern about the potential effects of lead in an aging population and the difficulties in comprehensive exposure assessment.
Effects of milrinone treatment in cardiomyopathic hamsters (CHF 147) with severe congestive heart failure
Authors: S. DESJARDINS, R. W MUELLER, R. S HUBERT, M. J CAUCHY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The effects of oral milrinone treatment in cardiomyopathic hamsters with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) were evaluated. Strict criteria based on increase in body weight were established to define day no 1 of treatment. Survival rate of non-treated hamsters (group 1) ranged between 9 and 16 d, mean 12.9 (SEM 0.8) d, after entering the study. Hamsters treated with milrinone in drinking water (group 2a: 0.3 mg·ml−1, or group 2b: 0.6 mg·ml−1) survived between 6 and 36 d, mean 15.0(2.1) d, NS, for group 2a, and between 6 and 47 d, mean 19.6(4.0) d, NS, for group 2b. There was a significant difference between the number of hamsters that survived longer than 16 d between untreated hamsters (group 1, n=0/12) and hamsters treated with milrinone (groups 2a, b, n=7/24). There was no significant correlation between survival duration and milrinone daily dose nor between survival and milrinone plasma concentration at death. Milrinone treatment also significantly decreased pulmonary congestion as measured by the number of pigment containing macrophages per alveolus. No other pathological findings were modified by milrinone. It was concluded that, in addition to exerting a beneficial effect on pulmonary congestion, milrinone improved survival in some CHF hamsters. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of an arrythmogenic potential that might explain why some treated hamsters died earlier than non-treated hamsters.
Abstract A8: Defining specific microRNAs that cooperatively regulate GRP78, an ER chaperone and signaling regulator, in cancer
Authors: Sheng-Fang Su, Amy S. Lee, Gangning Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract GRP78, a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone and signaling regulator, is commonly over-expressed in cancer and contributes to cancer cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenesis. Moreover, induction of GRP78 by a variety of anti-cancer drugs, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, confers chemo-resistance to cancer. Thus, targeting GRP78 to inhibit tumor survival and proliferation, sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and consequently induce apoptosis serves as a promising avenue in anti-cancer therapy. As endogenous regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in modulating gene expression; therefore, we sought to identify miRNA(s) that target GRP78. We report that multiple miRNAs (miR-30d, miR-181a, miR-199-5p) commonly down-regulated in human cancer cell lines can repress GRP78 and lead to increased apoptosis in C42B prostate cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assays indicate that these miRNAs act as negative regulators of GRP78 by directly targeting the 3′ untranslated region of GRP78. Importantly, the combination of multiple miRNAs cooperated resulting in greater inhibition on GRP78 than individual miRNAs, suggesting the efficacy of tumor suppression by combined miRNAs. In addition, we showed that transfection of the multiple miRNAs in C42B cells increased sensitivity of cancer cells to trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Therefore, we suggest that delivery of combinations of specific miRNAs could be a novel anti-cancer approach capable of suppressing GRP78 and in turn inhibiting GRP78-mediated tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Sheng-Fang Su, Amy S. Lee, Gangning Liang. Defining specific microRNAs that cooperatively regulate GRP78, an ER chaperone and signaling regulator, in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A8.
For C. F.
Authors: Mark Evan Chimsky
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imatinib does not impair specific antitumor T-cell immunity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: M Bocchia, E Abruzzese, F Forconi, M Ippoliti, M M Trawinska, M T Pirrotta, D Raspadori, M Tozzi, A Gozzetti, F Lauria
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Effect of passive stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint
Authors: Peter J McNair, Stephen N Stanley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Objective To determine the effect of stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness of the plantar flexors and on the range of dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. Methods 24 healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject undertook all of the following protocols, in random order: (1) stretching protocol: five 30 s static stretches with 30 s rest between stretches; (2) aerobic jogging protocol: subjects ran on a treadmill for 10 min at 60% of their maximum age predicted heart rate; (3) combined protocol: subjects ran first and then stretched. A damped oscillation technique was used to measure the series elastic stiffness of the plantar flexors. Dorsiflexion of the ankle was assessed with a weights and pulley system that moved the ankle joint from a neutral position into dorsiflexion passively. Electromyography was used to monitor the activity of the plantar and dorsiflexors during these procedures. The statistical analysis of these data involved an analysis of covariance Results For decreasing series elastic muscle stiffness running was more effective than stretching (P&lt;0.05). In contrast, the results for range of motion showed that the combination protocol and the stretching only protocol were more effective than the running only protocol (P &lt; 0.05) for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion at the ankle. Conclusions Both jogging and static stretching exercises appear to be beneficial to individuals participating in sporting activities.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: Tobacco Bio-oil Kills Agricultural Pests
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Scented Products Emit a Bouquet of VOCsA survey of selected scented consumer goods showed the products emitted more than 100 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including some that are classified as toxic or hazardous by federal laws. 1 Even products advertised as "green," "natural," or "organic" emitted as many hazardous chemicals as standard ones.
Preventing HIV infection
Authors: Rachael Jones, Brian Gazzard, Yasmin Halima
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In 2002 the prevailing view was that preventive strategies rather than the provision of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were the only feasible way to control the spread of HIV infection. Antiretroviral treatment is now cheaper thanks to initiatives from the pharmaceutical industry and generic manufacture and its wider availability encourages more people to seek HIV testing. In line with the “3 by 5”strategy the World Health Organization aims to provide HAART for three million people by the end of 2005 while continuing to promote prevention. Provision of treatment may be hindered by availability or infrastructural capacity. To make a sustainable impact on the global epidemic of HIV infection investment in prevention research including biomedical prophylaxis remains paramount. Various government campaigns aimed at increasing knowledge and modifying high risk behaviour have been temporally associated with reduced incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in a few countries notably Thailand and Uganda.  (excerpt)
Degenerative tropical neuropathy and diet.
Authors: B. O. Osuntokun, G. L. Monekosso
Journal: BMJ (1969)

aJon= biturates are markedly longer-acting than phenobarbitone in gross overdosage.If, how- ever, a classification is used which is based on speed of onset, this will be relevant in all contexts.The speed of onset of effect is a function of fundamental physicochemical properties, particularly lipid solubility,' and will hold irrespective of the dose taken.Thus thiopentone is always " ultra-quick-acting," pentobarbitone always " quick-acting," pheno- barbitone relatively " slow-acting."It is, of course, the same property of lipid solubility that prevents renal elimination of the " quickacting drugs " in the unmetabolized state and renders their action in gross overdosage so prolonged.I felt also that an additional point might have been made-namely, that barbiturate poisoning need now scarcely ever occur.With the advent of hypnotics, such as nitrazepam., which are effective but almost com- pletely safe, barbiturates need not be pre- scribed except for use in hospital, where their administration can be properly supervised.
Aspects of audit. 3: Audit in British general practice.
Authors: C D Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Compared with hospitals, general practice has many handicaps in developing medical audit. This is especially true with regard to defining objectives and outcomes of care. Many methods have been proposed to overcome these problems, and several audit studies that have been published are presented here. Further work should concentrate on evaluating the effectiveness of audit in bringing about change rather than on generating information.
SYSTEM FOR RAPID BUT THOROUGH EXAMINATION FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: HENRY FARNUM STOLL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Standardization of all war measures makes for efficiency, and the elimination of every unnecessary motion, be it in making a piece of machinery or in examining a recruit for tuberculosis, helps win the war. As a rule, in the examination of the lungs, from five to ten minutes is wasted because the examiner has given no thought to the development of a system calculated to save time, while yet being thorough. If the routine here given be followed, examinations may be made rapidly, and yet with a considerable degree of accuracy. The subject sits on a stool and squarely faces the light, erect but with shoulders relaxed. The examiner, standing in front, notes the configuration of the chest, especially retractions above or below the clavicles, and the motion with quiet breathing; also the location of the cardiac impulse. The examiner, standing behind, looking downward on the anterior aspect of the
Pathologic Anatomy of Dextrocardia and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: MAURICE LEV, RICHARD R. LIBERTHSON, FRIEDRICH A. O. ECKNER, RENÉ A. ARCILLA
Journal: Circulation (1968)

This is a morphologic study of 41 cases of dextrocardia for the purpose of clarifying terminology and evaluating the clinical import of the morphologic data. Dextrocardias are classified as dextroversion, mirror-image dextrocardia, and mixed dextrocardia. When the atrial septum does not identify the atria, it was found possible to make the presumptive diagnosis of dextroversion or mirror-image dextrocardia. The mutual relations of the visceral situs with the atrial situs, the presence or absence of splenic abnormalities, the type of dextrocardia, and the systemic and pulmonic venous return were investigated, as well as the type of complex that is characteristic of each type of dextrocardia. The most important morphologic data useful for clinical application were found to be the position of the aortic and pulmonic annuli, the course of the pulmonary trunk, the entry of the inferior and superior venae cavae, and the course of the anterior descending coronary artery.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PULMONARY THALLIUM WASHOUT. AN INDIRECT MEASURE OF GLOBAL LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DETERMINED FROM STRESS-REDISTRIBUTION THALLIUM SCINTIGRAMS
Authors: Ronald D. Levy, Alan Rozanski, Jamshid Maddahi, Ernest Garcia, Jack M. Gutman, Nancy L. Pantaleo, Sharon Hulse, Ken Van Train, H. J.C. Swan, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Levy, Ronald D.; Rozanski, Alan; Maddahi, Jamshid; Garcia, Ernest; Gutman, Jack M.; Pantaleo, Nancy L.; Hulse, Sharon; Train, Ken Van; Swan, H. J.C.; Berman, Daniel S. Author Information
To See or not to See, a Difficult Question in the Ileocaecal Region
Authors: H. Kroes
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A case is reported in which two diagnostic procedures were used to visualize colonic pathology, i.e. radiography and endoscopy. Neither of these methods led to the correct diagnosis. This case illustrates the need to combine and integrate the information obtained with the two methods, with respect to both the localization and the nature of the pathological process.
Californian authorities want ban on cleaning fluid to reduce smog
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

California's environmental regulators are moving towards a total ban on the common dry cleaning solvent and probable carcinogen perchloroethylene, claiming that it is a major constituent of smog and pollutes both the air and ground water.

In California, 99% of dry cleaners use the chemical to clean clothes. The South Coast Air Quality Management District wants to impose a total ban on perchloroethylene by 2019. The agency monitors and regulates air quality in southern California, including Greater Los Angeles, infamous for the worst smog …
Beethoven and Einthoven—More Than a Rhyme
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Every sickness is a musical problem, wrote the 19th-century romantic poet Novalis, every cure a musical solution.1Such a poetic statement does not lend itself to easy comprehension. It would have been better understood in centuries past, when the metaphors of the body as a harp and its functions as a part of cosmic harmony were meaningful, when Hippocrates conceived health as harmony of the four humors, and when, according to Francis Bacon in hisAdvancement of Learning(1606): The poets did well to conjoin music and medicine in Apollo, because the office of medicine is to tune this curious harp of man's body and to reduce it to harmony.  Stopping short of identifying therapy with music, we must acknowledge a strong historical link between the two. In many primitive societies music has been, and continues to be, an integral part of the ritual of exorcism that is intended
Observations on DRY BRONCHIECTASIS
Authors: C. Wall, J. C. Hoyle
Journal: BMJ (1933)

DRY BRONCHIECTASTSTHMEARTITJSAL 597 a history of influenza, two of lobar pneumonia, three of Observations diphtheria (tracheotomy in one), one of chronic otorrhoea, ON one of chronic tonsillitis and adenoids, one of double DRY BRONCHIECTASIS mastoiditis, three of scarlet fever, two of chicken-pox, one of rheumatic fever, and one had been gassed by BY chlorine during the late war.When there was a previous CECIL WALL, D.M
Evidence for a concentration gradient favoring outward movement of sodium from the thin loop of Henle.
Authors: P A Johnston, C A Battilana, F B Lacy, R L Jamison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Recent models of the urinary concentrating mechanism have postulated that urea in the medullary interstitium creates a transtubular concentration gradient for sodium between fluid at the end of the descending limb of Henle's loop and the medullary interstitium, favoring the passive outward movement of sodium from Henle's thin ascending limb. These experiments were designed to determine whether such a gradient normally exists. Young nondiuretic Munich-Wistar rats were prepared for micropuncture of the exposed left renal papilla. Samples of loop of Henle fluid and vasa recta plasma (assumed to reflect the composition of interstitial fluid) were obtained from adjacent sites. Loop fluid values in 21 comparisons from 18 rats (mean +/- SE) were: sodium 344 +/- 12 meq/liter; potassium, 26 +/- 2 meq/liter; osmolality, 938 +/- 37 mosmol/kg H23. Vasa recta plasma values (in corresponding units of measurement) were: sodium, 284 +/- 11; potassium, 34 +/- 2; osmolality, 935 +/- 34. Mean values of paired differences (loop fluid minus vasa recta plasma) were: delta sodium, 60 +/- 11.1 (P less than 0.001); delta potassium, -8.0 +/- 2.1 (P less than 0.001); delta osmolality, 4 +/- 16 (NS). Corrected for plasma water, the loop fluid minus vasa recta differences (in milliequivalents per kilogram H2O) were: delta sodium, 40 +/- 11.4 (P less than 0.005); delta potassium, -9.7 +/- 1.9 (P less than 0.001). We interpret these findings to indicate that in the papilla of nondiuretic rats, a significant difference in sodium concentration exists across the thin loop of Henle favoring outward movement of sodium, which confirms a key requirement of the passive models. A concentration difference for potassium in the reverse direction was also observed.
An "unforeseen" complication of urinary tract infection in a patient with diabetes
Authors: M. M. A. Yuen, T. C. C. Tam, W. W. Y. Lau, J. F. W. Chan, W. S. Chow, K. S. L. Lam
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 56 year old man with a three year history of untreated type 2 diabetes and normal baseline visual acuity was admitted with a one day history of acute, non-traumatic, non-painful vision loss in his left eye. This was preceded by a one week history of low grade fever, dysuria, and urinary frequency. The patient had previously had a carbuncle on his neck that required debridement and full thickness skin graft at diagnosis of his diabetes. Otherwise, he had no additional past medical problems or ophthalmological history. He was not on any regular medication before the current episode.

On examination, the patient’s temperature was 38.4°C, blood pressure was 93/54 mm Hg, and pulse was in sinus rhythm with a rate of 108 beats a minute. His oxygen saturation was 90% on room air and improved to 95% after 2 litres of oxygen were administered via a nasal cannula. His left eye had a 4 mm hypopyon with extensive fibrin reaction in the anterior chamber, obscuring any view of the fundus and causing loss of the red reflex on direct ophthalmoscopy. His right eye was grossly normal with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy on fundal examination. B-scan ocular ultrasound of the patient’s left eye showed superior choroidal swelling, hyperechoic responses in the vitreous humour, and a flat retina. Bilateral lower zone crepitations were noted on chest auscultation, but other systemic examinations were unremarkable with no evidence of fluid overload.

Initial blood tests showed a white cell count of 21.23×109/l (neutrophil count 18.47×109/l), normal serum creatinine, and a random (untimed sample) glucose concentration of 17.0 mmol/l. The patient was stabilised with intravenous fluid and was empirically given intravenous cefuroxime. Four hours into admission, the patient developed increasing distress, with tachypnoea of approximately 20 breaths a minute and a drop …
Letter: Diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Authors: P B Cotton, T R Heap
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Vomiting with Clonidine Withdrawal SIR,-We would like to report a case of persistent vomiting in a patient after rapid withdrawal of clonidine (Catapres).The dangers of paroxysmal hypertension asso- ciated with raised catecholamine levels following rapid withdrawal of clonidine are well documented.'We have found no previous report of persistent vomiting occur- ring in this situation.
Should we screen for type 2 diabetes? Evaluation against National Screening Committee criteria
Authors: N. J Wareham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes1 and the proportion of cases with evidence of complications at diagnosis 2 3 undoubtedly create a strong imperative for screening. In the United Kingdom, the National Screening Committee has the task of providing advice about established and newly proposed screening programmes and aims to evaluate these against specified criteria.4 This article evaluates screening for type 2 diabetes in relation to these criteria.

#### Summary points

Benefits of early detection and treatment of undiagnosed diabetes have not been proved

Effectiveness of diabetes screening in reducing cardiovascular disease depends on disease prevalence, background cardiovascular risk, and risk reduction in those screened and treated

Disadvantages of screening are important and should be quantified

Universal screening is unmerited, but targeted screening in specific subgroups may be justified

Clinical management of people with established diabetes should be optimised before a screening programme is considered

The first group of issues considered by the National Screening Committee relates to the condition for which screening is proposed. In the case of type 2 diabetes, these issues are relatively uncontroversial. The scale of morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes is not in question,5 and the longitudinal examination of cohorts has established the overall course of the condition.6 Undiagnosed diabetes is common7; it is not generally characterised by recognised symptoms and is as strongly associated with future risk as diagnosed diabetes.8 Up to 25% of people with diabetes have evidence of microvascular complications at diagnosis, 1 3 and extrapolation of the association between the prevalence of retinopathy and the duration of disease suggests that the true onset of diabetes occurs several years before it is recognised clinically.2 The National Screening Committee's criteria also state that all “cost-effective primary prevention interventions should have been implemented as far as practicable.”4 …