tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spreading excellence in allergy and asthma: the GA<sup>2</sup>LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) project
Authors: P. Van Cauwenberge, J. B. Watelet, T. Van Zele, J. Bousquet, P. Burney, T. Zuberbier
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Spreading excellence in allergy and asthma: the GA 2 LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) project Allergic diseases and asthma pose an important and increasing problem for populations and health care systems around the world (1).European research groups have been at the forefront of investigations into the early life influences on the causes of these conditions and management of allergy and asthma (2, 3).Moreover, initiatives from the European Commission have led to a greater collaboration between the European countries and beyond in tackling these problems.It has been shown to be both practical and rewarding to exploit the wide variations in culture, environment and health care systems within Europe to study these issues (4).Collaborative projects such as the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC), and many other, funded by the European Commission, have clearly demonstrated the ability and advantages of European groups working together (1, 5, 6).Although allergy and asthma represent a burden in all countries and regions in Europe there is still a lack of permanent structures to support this type of work.The collaboration between European groups so far has often had a relatively narrow methodological focus and has therefore produced only short-term collaborations without a formal enduring structure.The basic idea of the European Research Area (ERA) is that the aims and goals of future research cannot be met without much greater ÔintegrationÕ of Europe's research efforts and capacities.The sixth framework programme is a key instrument of ERA with a budget of 17 500 million.For this reason the sixth framework programme introduces new instruments like networks of excellence from which joint strategies can be developed.These networks have clearly defined thematic objectives and will be directed towards advancing scientific and technological knowledge, within medium-to long-term time-frames (7, 8).
DEMENTIA PRECOX AS A TYPE OF HEREDITARY DEGENERATION
Authors: Leland B. Alford
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1925)

The advisability of studying dementia precox in relation to other nervous disorders is emphasized. When so considered dementia precox by virtue of its hereditary nature and progressive course is found to resemble most closely the hereditary degenerations or abiotrophies. If collected into a group and these conditions and others which closely resemble them although not definitely shown to be of the same nature, are found to comprise perhaps fifty distinct nervous disorders, which attack many different nervous functions producing a variety of motor sensory and mental disturbances. The pathology of dementia precox is best explained by considering it to be one of this group—one in which the affected structures happen to be particularly important in mental activity. The logical field for further investigation appears to be that of heredity.
Analysis of lipids and dioxin in chloracne due to tetrachloro-2,5,7,8-p-dibenzodioxin
Authors: S. PASSI, M. NAZZARO-PORRO, L. BONIFORTI, F. GIANOTTIJ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Biochemical investigations on the lipid and dioxin content of the cysts and comedo-like lesions of three children exposed to tetrachloro-2,3,7,8-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) have been performed. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry failed to demonstrate the presence of dioxin despite the high sensitivity of the method. Further investigation by thin layer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the lipids of the chloracne lesions in these children were exclusively epidermal in origin. These findings support the hypothesis that exposure to dioxin produces a hyperproliferative reaction of the cutaneous epithelium with squamous metaplasia of the cells lining the ducts of skin glands.
What Else Can Injure the Lungs?
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A growing number of chemical materials, including pharmaceutical agents, have been associated with acute diffuse lung injury with mild to moderate symptoms sometimes progressing to respiratory insufficiency. When biopsies are performed the pathologic findings are generally nonspecific and within the spectrum of the classification of interstitial pneumonitis offered by Liebow.1 A frequent nonspecific finding is that of usual interstitial pneumonitis with cellular reaction, varying degrees of collagen formation and most commonly no desquamation of cells within alveolar spaces.1 Although the clinical, roentgenographic and pathological features usually do not clearly implicate the offending chemical agent, epidemiologic data, improvement on withdrawal of . . .
The Treatment of Hay-Fever
Authors: L. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1884)

IP .iR.4..;I .2lment of the na& doluche isi vabt4lo, u1il$ a ,weak,coarbolic lotion, or one of comvion, salt, or carboRfat& of oda.Tlhe plugging of the nostrils with cotton-wool is useful in preventing the dutrance of pollen and' other irritating matters, but is not altogether comfortable.I have ventured upon these few remarks, not as containing anything novel, but with the hope that they may be of some use to others who are.troubled with a very annoying and depressing complaint, for which people,, as a rule, do not appear to have much sympathy.I am happy to say thit my own attacks have been rather lighter each year.
Biliary Cirrhosis Following the Administration of Methyltestosterone
Authors: Gary A. Glober
Journal: JAMA (1968)

For a prolonged time a patient self-administered a vitamin preparation containing methyltestosterone and concurrently primary biliary cirrhosis developed which caused her death. There is evidence indicating that methyltestosterone and chemically related drugs may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of refractory/relapsed myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Takashi Taga, Akiko Moriya Saito, Kazuko Kudo, Daisuke Tomizawa, Kiminori Terui, Hiroshi Moritake, Akitoshi Kinoshita, Shotaro Iwamoto, Hideki Nakayama, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Akio Tawa, Akira Shimada, Tomohiko Taki, Hisato Kigasawa, Katsuyoshi Koh, Souichi Adachi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.
Authors: K Selmaj, C S Raine, B Cannella, C F Brosnan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue, spleen, and PBMC were studied using immunocytochemistry and FACS for immunoreactivity for lymphotoxin (LT) and TNF. Both cytokines were identified in acute and chronic active MS lesions but were absent from chronic silent lesions. LT was associated with CD3+ lymphocytes and Leu-M5+ microglia cells at the lesion edge and to a lesser extent, in adjacent white matter. TNF was associated with astrocytes in all areas of the lesion, and with foamy macrophages in the center of the active lesion. In acute lesions, immunoreactivity for TNF in endothelial cells was noted at the lesion edge. No LT or TNF reactivity was detected in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease brain tissues but was present at lower levels in central nervous system (CNS) tissue from other inflammatory conditions, except for adrenoleucodystrophy which displayed high levels of LT in microglia. No increase in LT and TNF reactivity was detected in spleen and PBMC of MS patients suggesting specific reactivity within the CNS. These results indicate that LT and TNF may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS, and can be detected in both inflammatory cells and cells endogenous to the CNS.
Competition body rules that drug companies "abused" their position
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

South Africa's competition regulatory body has ruled in favour of AIDS activists who want protection of patents on antiretroviral drugs to be drastically curtailed so that South African makers of generic drugs will be able to produce cheap copies of the drugs.

The Competition Commission ruled in favour of 10 complainants (including the trade union federation and several doctors and nurses) who sought to prove that GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim abused their …
Enterovirus Infections as a Possible Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Merja Roivainen, Georg Alfthan, Pekka Jousilahti, Marko Kimpimäki, Tapani Hovi, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —An increasing body of evidence suggests that, in addition to the well-known classic risk factors, some microbial infections may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible role of enteroviral infections in the pathogenesis of MI. Methods and Results —Stored sera, collected in Eastern Finland in 1977, from a set of 12 155 randomly selected men and women aged 25 to 64 years were used in prospective, nested case-control study. The study sample comprised 183 men and 81 women with MI and matched controls. The sera were tested for IgG antibodies to a newly identified enterovirus-common (EVC) antigen, to heat-denatured coxsackievirus B5 (CBV-5), and to adenovirus hexon protein. Raw data from enzyme immunoassays were converted to relative units before analysis. In univariate analysis, EVC antibodies were significantly associated with the risk of MI in men ( P =0.009) but not in women. Men with MI had a significantly higher mean level of EVC antibodies than matched controls ( P =0.014). High antibody levels to EVC were associated with an increased risk of MI in men aged 25 to 49 years (relative risk [RR] 4.34, P &lt;0.001) but not in older men (&gt;50 years of age). Women with MI also showed a trend toward higher antibody levels than control women, but the difference was not statistically significant. Antibody levels to whole CBV-5 or adenovirus hexon protein appeared to be no different among case patients versus control subjects. Conclusions —If we assume that a high level of EVC antibodies reflects a history of relatively frequent enterovirus infections, the present observation might suggest that enterovirus infections increase the risk of MI at least in middle-aged men. Further studies are needed to understand possible clinical significance of this observation.
UK improves health outcomes but not as fast as similar countries
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

UK improves health outcomes but not as fast as similar countriesNigel Hawkes London Between 1990 and 2010 the United Kingdom improved its health outcomes but not as fast as 18 other similar developed countries, a new study has found.Relative to the other countries UK performance worsened on most measures of healthy life expectancy over the two decades.
The Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: ROBERT E. GROSS, LUTHER A. LONGINO
Journal: Circulation (1951)

A patent ductus arteriosus can be recognized with a high degree of accuracy by auscultation and simple office examination. Electrocardiographic and fluoroscopic studies are helpful, but it is rarely necessary to employ more elaborate and expensive forms of investigation. While the condition seldom causes serious incapacitation in early life, it is apt to be accompanied by a very high percentage of serious complications in later life. These facts give strong backing to the conviction that it is desirable to operate upon all children possessing a patent ductus—even though they are asymptomatic at the time—because it is technically much easier to perform a surgical closure of the vessel in this period. Ligation or suture-ligation is successful in a high proportion of cases, but a complete division of the vessel is the ideal method of therapy. In a consecutive series of 369 cases of division there have been no deaths from hemorrhage. The total mortality rate has been 2.1 per cent. For patients who had no complications prior to surgery, the mortality rate was under one-half of one per cent.
THE HEART IN PREGNANCY
Authors: WILLIAM D. REID
Journal: JAMA (1930)

What advice shall be given tothe cardiac patient who contemplates marriage? If pregnancy ensues is it not likely to cause the mother's death or, if not that, to cut years off her length of life? It is my purpose in this article to discuss pregnancy in the cardiac patient in an attempt to answer these questions and to offer a brief statement of the therapeutic principles. <h3>DIAGNOSIS</h3> The first essential is an accurate diagnosis of the condition of the heart; it has been amply demonstrated that many of the patients whose hearts have been thought to be diseased in reality possess fully normal hearts. Gammeltoft<sup>1</sup>of Copenhagen has shown that during pregnancy the cardiac condition may often simulate organic disease although the latter is not actually present. He studied 239 perfectly healthy pregnant women and found that during the final two months of pregnancy 39, or 16.3 per cent,
CD73: A Novel Target for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Bin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The promise of cancer immunotherapy has not been translated into clinical successes, in large part because of tumor-associated immune suppression that blocks effective antitumor immunity. Recent findings show a tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism, whereby tumor-derived CD73 functions as an ecto-enzyme to produce extracellular adenosine, which promotes tumor growth by limiting antitumor T-cell immunity via adenosine receptor signaling. Results with small molecule inhibitors, or monoclonal antibodies targeting CD73 in murine tumor models, suggest that targeted CD73 therapy is an important alternative and realistic approach to effective control of tumor growth. In particular, it helps T-cell-based therapy by enhancing the adaptive immune response machinery, which may increase the function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, and subsequently lead to improved survival in cancer patients.
Care of the diabetic child in the community.
Authors: J W Farquhar, M L Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Brief admission of the new diabetic child and of a parent to an enlightened hospital for stabilisation, preliminary education, and familiarisation with hospital and community staff is well worth while. The greater the demand for constant control of the highest quality, the greater the need for a close understanding of the psychosocial factors concerned and for clinical skill. The nature of the home and the family relationships should in theory be available from the child9s general practitioner at the time of the first referral since he has so much information about the whole family. With the virtual disappearance, however, of mutual consultation in the patient9s home in many places, the opportunity for oral communication has declined, and availability on the telephone is not always easy. The busy general practitioner (far less an unknown physician from a deputising service without access to the records) has little time to write a comprehensive letter. In practice a relatively small hospital-based mobile team of specially experienced sisters who are keen to communicate in the home, the GP9s surgery, and the school makes a major contribution to the diabetic care of a young population vulnerable to major handicap in what should be the prime of life. Their cost effectiveness may be difficult to prove but it is not at all in doubt--especially when the sisters as in this area deal in the community with a wider range of chronic illnesses and handicaps in children.
Congressional testimony on Senate Bill S. 1804
Authors: O. R. Bowen
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adequacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound Core Needle Biopsy Specimen of Nonmalignant Hepatic Parenchymal Disease
Authors: Ferga C. Gleeson, Amy C. Clayton, Lizhi Zhang, Jonathan E. Clain, Gregory J. Gores, Elizabeth Rajan, Tom C. Smyrk, Mark D. Topazian, Kenneth K. Wang, Maurits J. Wiersema, Michael J. Levy
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Influence of sex, age, body mass index, and smoking on alcohol intake and mortality
Authors: M Gronbaek, A Deis, T I A Sorensen, U Becker, K Borch-Johnsen, C Muller, P Schnohr, G Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To examine the association between self reported alcohol intake and subsequent mortality from all causes and if the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of death is modified by sex, age, body mass index, and smoking. <b>Design</b> : Prospective population study with baseline assessment of alcohol and tobacco consumption and body mass index, and 10-12 years9 follow up of mortality. <b>Setting</b> : Copenhagen city heart study, Denmark. <b>Subjects</b> : 7234 women and 6051 men aged 30-79 years. <b>Main outcome measure</b> : Number and time of deaths from 1976 to 1988. <b>Results</b> : A total of 2229 people died, 1398 being men. A U shaped curve described the relation between alcohol intake and mortality. The lowest risk was observed at one to six alcoholic beverages a week (relative risk set at 1). Abstainers had a relative risk of 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.56) whereas those drinking more than 70 beverages a week had a relative risk of 2.29 (1.75 to 3.00). Among the drinkers, the risk was significantly increased only among those drinking more than 42 beverages a week. Sex, age, body mass index, and smoking did not significantly modify the risk function. The risk among heavy drinkers was slightly reduced when smoking was controlled for. The risk function was similar in the first and second period of six years of observation. <b>Conclusion</b> : Alcohol intake showed a U shaped relation to mortality with the nadir at one to six beverages a week. The risk function was not modified by sex, age, body mass index, or smoking and remained stable over 12 years.
P112 Speech And Language Therapy By Skype For Vocal Cord Dysfunction And Chronic Cough
Authors: S. Lillie, J. Haines, A. Vyas, S. Fowler
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Airways Service at Royal Preston Hospital receives tertiary referrals from across the UK. When a diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) or chronic cough is made and speech and language therapy (SLT) required, patients undergo weekly therapy (minimum four sessions), which some may struggle to attend due to pre-existing commitments and/or travel time. As SLT typically does not require 'hands-on' therapy we felt that Skype™ videoconferencing may be a useful mode of treatment delivery. We present our initial experience of this service. <h3>Methods</h3> A six-month pilot was completed whereby patients were offered SLT over Skype. Prior to therapy all patients were seen by the respiratory consultant and speech and language therapist for assessment and flexible laryngoscopy. Patients required confidential webcam access and proficiency. Symptom questionnaires were completed pre and post therapy (for VCD the 12 item VCDQ; for chronic cough the 19-item LCQ), and patient satisfaction questionnaires and flexible laryngoscopy performed post therapy. <h3>Results</h3> Eleven people have completed SLT over Skype™ to date, and all demonstrated improvement in symptoms following therapy. Patients with VCD showed a decrease in score on the VCDQ from median (range) 48 (12–53) pre therapy to 40 (7–42) post therapy [minimal clinical important difference (MCID) 5]. Patients with chronic cough showed an increase on the LCQ from median (range) 6.4 (4.6–8.2) pre therapy to 12.2 (10–14.6) post therapy (MCID 1.3). Improvements in laryngeal tension and sensitivity were noted in all cases. All patients gave positive feedback in their patient satisfaction questionnaire scoring "very satisfied" or greater. On three occasions Skype connection problems delayed sessions by a few days. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Virtual consultations provide the opportunity to treat patients in a more time efficient and practical way, and improvements in patient-reported symptoms and laryngeal appearances were similar to those of patients attending therapy sessions in chest clinic. This data gives support to pursue formalised tariffs for a specialised telehealth service. We feel that Skype should continue as a regular therapy option for patients and other members of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) should consider this method of therapy delivery.
Using end of life care pathways for the last hours or days of life
Authors: K. Boyd, S. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Is safe and effective if they are used correctly 

There is international consensus about the importance of achieving a “good death” that is comfortable, dignified, and person centred.1 But controversy persists about the benefits and hazards of using an integrated care pathway to support the care of people who are expected to die soon. National end of life care programmes, in the United Kingdom and internationally, endorse tools designed to improve standards of care for people dying in the community, care homes, and hospitals.2 Following more than a decade of development and implementation in many countries, the Liverpool Care Pathway is one of the most widely used of these tools.3 It has recently become a focus for wider societal, ethical, and professional debates about identification of patients who are dying and shared decision making at the end of life.

The Liverpool Care Pathway is a structured clinical record that aims to support clinical judgment and assist multidisciplinary teams in providing optimal treatment and care for patients who are dying. It encompasses evidence based control of pain and symptoms, holistic care for patients and families, and good communication. Consistent, high quality care is achieved through timed reviews of the patient’s comfort and documentation …
The Role of latrogenic Disease in Admissions to Intensive Care
Authors: Patrick Trunet
Journal: JAMA (1980)

We prospectively studied all patients admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit to determine how many of their diseases were iatrogenic and, of these, what number were potentially avoidable. Of 325 patients admitted in the course of one year, 41 (12.6%) were hospitalized because of iatrogenic disease. Many of these patients had concomitant serious illnesses. Nevertheless, 19 patients (46.3%) were admitted with iatrogenic disease resulting from therapeutic or technical errors that were potentially avoidable. Iatrogenic disease was fatal in eight cases, life-threatening in 13, moderate in 20.