tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality Risk by Body Weight and Weight Change in People with NIDDM: The WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Nishi Chaturvedi, John H Fuller
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Care guidelines for people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) emphasize the importance of weight loss in reducing mortality risk. However, existing evidence regarding the relationship between weight and mortality and the effects of weight change is conflicting. We examined these relationships in the World Health Organization Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cohort study of 1,416 men and 1,544 women. Baseline examinations were performed in 1975 through 1977, a morbidity follow-up was performed in 1983, and a mortality follow-up continued until 1988. Data were analyzed according to geographical groups: Europeans, East Asians, and Native Americans. The relationship between weight change and mortality was analyzed for Europeans only. RESULTS Generally, body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with age, blood pressure, and cholesterol but was negatively associated with duration of diabetes, prevalence of retinopathy, and use of insulin. There was no clear relationship between BMI and mortality across the geographical groups. In Europeans, weight loss in the leanest subjects at baseline (BMI &amp;lt; 26 kg/m2) was associated with a threefold increase in mortality risk compared with those who had maintained a steady weight (relative risk [RR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–7.36). Only in the most obese group was weight loss associated with a reduction in mortality risk (BMI &amp;gt; 29 kg/m2, RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.40–1.74). CONCLUSIONS The positive association of BMI with age, blood pressure, and cholesterol and the negative association with duration of diabetes, retinopathy, and use of insulin may explain why there is no strong relationship between BMI and mortality in NIDDM. Weight loss, particularly in the relatively lean diabetic person, may be associated with an increased mortality risk.
Motesanib Diphosphate in Progressive Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Steven I. Sherman, Lori J. Wirth, Jean-Pierre Droz, Michael Hofmann, Lars Bastholt, Renato G. Martins, Lisa Licitra, Michael J. Eschenberg, Yu-Nien Sun, Todd Juan, Daniel E. Stepan, Martin J. Schlumberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is characteristic of differentiated thyroid cancer and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and a poor clinical outcome. Motesanib diphosphate (AMG 706) is a novel oral inhibitor of VEGF receptors, platelet-derived growth-factor receptor, and KIT.
Genetic deficiency of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice
Authors: J GITLIN, D TRIVEDI, R LANGENBACH, C LOFTIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by chronic inflammation which contributes to the remodeling and eventual weakening of the vessel wall. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is detected in human aneurysmal tissue and is suggested to contribute to the disease. The aim of the current study was to define the role of COX-2 expression in the development of AAAs, using a model of the disease.
Postpartum Thyroid Disease
Authors: PAUL G. WALFISH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1978Postpartum Thyroid DiseasePAUL G. WALFISH, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P., JODY GINSBERG, M.D.PAUL G. WALFISH, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JODY GINSBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-128_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest in your journal (Ann Intern Med 87:155-159, 1977) the most recent report, by Amino and associates (1), describing a postpartum syndrome with transient hypothyroidism compatible with autoimmune thyroiditis as its cause. Mentioned in their discussion are two cases with increased circulating levels of thyroid hormone and one unpublished case with a low 24-h 131I thyroid uptake in the early postpartum period. Such cases have been attributed to "silent thyroiditis" (2), "painless thyroiditis" (3), or "chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis" (4).We also have observed transient postpartum hypothyroidism similar to that described by Amino and coworkers...References1. AMINOMIYAIKUROTANIZAWAAZUKIZOWATAKAITANAKANISHIKAWASHIMAKUMOHARA NKROMSFMMY: Transient postpartum hypothyroidism: fourteen cases with autoimmune thyroiditis. Ann Intern Med 87:155-159, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. PAPAPETROUJACKSON PI: Thyrotoxicosis due to "silent" thyroiditis. Lancet 1:361-363, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WOOLFDALY PR: Thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. Am J Med 60:73-79, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GLUCKNUSYNOWITZPLYMATE FMS: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and low radioactive iodine uptake: report of four cases. N Engl J Med 293:624-628, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GINSBERGWALFISH JP: Postpartum transient thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. Lancet 1:1125-1128, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL G. WALFISH, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.; JODY GINSBERG, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Toronto Thyroid Research Laboratory Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLes thyroïdites du post-partumThyroid Function and Disease in the FemalePost-Partum Thyroid DysfunctionAre Silent Thyroiditis and Postpartum Silent Thyroiditis Forms of Chronic Thyroiditis or Different (New) Forms of Viral Thyroiditis?Recurrent Postpartum Transient HyperthyroidismGEORGE E. DAILEY, M.D. 1 January 1978Volume 88, Issue 1Page: 128-128KeywordsHypothyroidismThyroidThyroid diseasesThyroid hormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Thyrotoxicosis: relations between clinical state and biochemical changes during carbimazole treatment.
Authors: C H Mortimer, D C Anderson, P Liendo-Ch, R Fisher, V Chan, M Self, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The relation between clinical and biochemical changes in thyrotoxicosis were studied in 12 patients with Graves9s disease who were being treated with carbimazole. Clinical assessment (using the Crooks-Wayne index) was combined with the measurement of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine indices (FT4I and FT3I) and the assessment of two tissue markers of thyroid hormone action--sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and the thyrotrophin responses to TRH. In general the FT4I and FT3I fell rapidly once treatment was started, and returned to normal in one to four weeks, followed shortly by SHBG levels. The thyrotrophin response returned at this time in two patients, who still had borderline high levels of FT3I and SHBG. The clinical score fell more slowly and variably and was less closely related to any of the biochemical indices than these were to each other. During the early phase of treatment with antithyroid drug the clinical evaluation may be an unreliable indicator of persisting thyroid hormone excess, and when the patient seems clinically but not biochemically thyrotoxic the symptoms should be treated on their own merits with beta-blocking drugs and not with increased doses of antithyroid drugs.
The Timing and Course of Health Care Reform
Authors: D Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The conventional wisdom among health policy makers now holds (as it did 20 years ago) that major federal reform in our health system is just a matter of time. This view originates in the extraordinary economic, social, and ethical tensions created by a system that consumes 12 percent of our gross national product while failing to provide any insurance coverage to 31 million citizens.1 Business, it is argued, will soon rebel against the cost of health care. The public at large, scandalized by the plight of the uninsured and insecure about eroding private health care coverage, will support a guaranteed . . .
Effect of disrupting the mitral apparatus on left ventricular function in dogs.
Authors: H Shintani, S A Glantz
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The importance of the mitral apparatus to left ventricular function has been suggested in clinical studies. The effect of disruption of the mitral apparatus on left ventricular diastolic and systolic properties has not been fully documented. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume and stroke work-end-diastolic volume relations and measured the isovolumic relaxation time constant (tau infinity) during nonfilling beats before and after disruption of the mitral apparatus under different loading conditions in 14 dogs using our recently developed volume-clamping technique for the in situ left ventricle. Disruption of the mitral apparatus increased left ventricular diastolic equilibrium volume (V0d) without changing the slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (Sd) and increased end-systolic pressure-volume relation dead volume (V0s) and volume-axis intercept of stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation (V0sw) without changing the slopes of these relations (maximum elastance, Ees, and Ssw). Disruption of the mitral apparatus increased tau infinity. CONCLUSION Disruption of the mitral apparatus increases the equilibrium volume without changing left ventricular diastolic stiffness or contractility and slows left ventricular relaxation. These results support and help explain the clinical observation that it is desirable to maintain the mitral apparatus during mitral valve replacement surgery.
DANIEL DRAKE: OR THEN AND NOW.
Authors: WILLIAM PEPPER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Mr. President and Gentlemen, Members of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association:</h3> —As I left Jersey City and traveled in twenty-four hours to this beautiful city, the place of your meeting this year, it was impossible that my thoughts should not have turned to the strangely different journey, taken in his infancy over this same route, more than one hundred years ago, by one who was destined to play so prominent and so honorable a part in the life of the Mississippi Valley during the ensuing sixty-five years. Dr. Daniel Drake, to whose life work I beg to invite your attention this evening, was born in New Jersey, of humble parentage, on Oct. 20, 1785; and in the latter part of the spring of 1788 his parents removed to Kentucky. Taking Daniel and his baby sister Elizabeth, and an unmarried sister of Mrs. Drake, with all their worldly goods, in one
CANCER STATISTICS FOR JAPAN
Authors: Frederick L. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —Some of your readers may be interested in cancer statistics for Japan, which have recently reached me and which I have consolidated into the form of a five year average, for the period 1914-1918. For the empire of Japan the total mortality from cancer was 192,530, equivalent to a rate of 70.0 per hundred thousand. For males separately considered, the rate was 70.8, and for females, 69.2. This close conformity of the two sex rates would indicate a relatively high measure of accuracy in terminal diagnosis.  For the city of Tokyo separately, and also for the period 1914-1918, there were 7,677 deaths from cancer among both sexes, equivalent to a rate of 79.6 per hundred thousand population. For males the rate was 81.4, and for females, 77.7. The excess rate for Tokyo, over the rate for Japan, is in conformity to general experience, and also supports the
New death adds pressure to cut dental anaesthetics
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The death of a 10 year old boy who fell into a coma after being given a general anaesthetic to have a tooth extracted has increased pressure to reduce the number of dental patients receiving general anaesthesia in Britain.

About 350, 000 dental general anaesthetics are administered in the United Kingdom every year–a higher rate than that in the United States or the rest of Europe. Britain has traditionally had a high demand for …
Molecules in motion: Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, and Ronald Vale receive the 2012 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award
Authors: Sarah Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

tion honors three pioneers in the field of molecular motor proteins, Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, and Ronald Vale (Figure 1), for their contribution to uncovering how these proteins catalyze movement.Sheetz and Spudich developed the first biochemical assay to reconstitute myosin motor activity and showed that myosin and ATP alone were sufficient to direct transport along actin filaments.Fueled by this discovery, Vale and Sheetz examined transport in giant squid axon extracts and discovered a new motor, kinesin, that moves along microtubules.Cumulatively, their work opened the door for understanding how motor proteins drive transport of a host of molecules involved in numerous cellular processes, including cell polarity, cell division, cellular movement, and signal transduction. Muscle movementMuch of the early research on cellular movement focused on understanding muscle contraction.Filaments of actin and myosin form a banding pattern in muscle that is readily visible by light microscopy, with a characteristic striated appearance.The functional unit of muscle, termed a sarcomere, repeats at regular intervals along the muscle fibers.Measurements from contracted, resting, and stretched muscle using high-resolution light microscopy supported the notion that contraction was due to the sliding of actin and myosin filaments (1, 2).In 1969, preeminent British scientist Hugh Huxley proposed that crossbridges that connect actin and myosin generate the sliding motion that moves actin during muscle contraction (3).His model, termed the swinging crossbridge hypothesis, predicted that these crossbridges bind and release in a cyclical manner to produce the force that causes actin sliding, thus propelling movement and muscle contraction.While an elegant model, it was difficult to test and remained controversial for many years.Soon after the swinging crossbridge hypothesis was proposed,
Role of the Ets Transcription Factors in the Regulation of the Vascular-Specific Tie2 Gene
Authors: Antoinise Dube, Yasmin Akbarali, Thomas N. Sato, Towia A. Libermann, Peter Oettgen
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The Tie2 gene encodes a vascular endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for normal vascular development and is also upregulated during angiogenesis. The regulatory regions of the Tie2 gene that are required for endothelium-specific gene expression in vivo have been identified. However, the transcription factors required for Tie2 gene expression remain largely unknown. We have identified highly conserved binding sites for Ets transcription factors in the Tie2 promoter. Mutations in 2 particular binding sites lead to a 50% reduction in the endothelium-specific activity of the promoter. We have compared the ability of several members of the Ets family to transactivate the Tie2 promoter. Our results demonstrate that 1 of 3 distinct isoforms of the novel Ets transcription factor NERF, NERF2, is expressed in endothelial cells and can strongly transactivate the regulatory regions of the Tie2 gene in comparison to other Ets factors, which have little or no effect. NERF2 can bind to the Tie2 promoter Ets sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These studies support a role for Ets factors in the regulation of vascular-specific gene expression and suggest that the novel Ets factor NERF2 may be a critical transcription factor in specifying the expression of the Tie2 gene in vascular endothelial cells.
Angiotensin Systems and Experimental Renal Diseases
Authors: Conrad L. Pirani
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference on the Kidney (1962) sponsored by the National Kidney Disease Foundation, recently published in a new and attractive format, maintain the standard of excellence of previous volumes.  The first part of the Conference is concerned with an up-to-date review of our present knowledge of Angiotensin and the Kidney. The reports are excellent and bring out well the most important structural and functional aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The discussion which follows each paper is lively and is often clarifying. As might be expected from a meeting of this type, many diverging views are brought to the fore and the many areas still needing exploration are pointed out. For example, it is apparent that the renin system is all important in malignant hypertension, while it may have a less important role, or act through a different mechanism, in chronic benign hypertension.  The second part
Direct primary care: a new system for general practice
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Can this scheme save primary care in the US?



US primary care medicine is a mess. In most of the developed world’s healthcare systems, primary care doctors comprise at least half of the medical workforce. In the US, it is less than one third.1 Primary care brings hard work, low status, and relatively low pay in the US, and graduating medical students, deep in debt, are voting with their feet. In the most recent class, less than half of the available family medicine residency entry positions were filled by US graduates.2 ⇑

Doctors complain that insurance and health plan paperwork is burdensome, reimbursement is low, and thus a large number of patients must be seen daily to provide enough income to keep the practice afloat. The pressure of patient volume leaves doctors frustrated that they are unable to spend an adequate amount of time with each patient. Burn-out is common, further exacerbating the brain drain from primary care.

One widely publicised response to this situation has been for doctors to join so called boutique or concierge medical practices.3 …
A 37-Year-Old Man With Multiple Somatic Complaints
Authors: Arthur J. Barsky
Journal: JAMA (1997)

DrDelbanco:  Mr H is a 37-year-old man who has had multiple physical complaints for years without a clear medical diagnosis. An immigrant from Colombia to the United States, he is selfemployed, and works as an educator for the young in the inner city. He is covered by a commercial managed care insurance plan and is cared for by a medical resident in primary care practice at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.  His multiple physical complaints began during adolescence with nausea and vomiting without weight change In recent years, he has suffered from periodic pruritus ani, legs that become weak at times, and allergic symptoms including hay fever, allergy to cats, and recurrent itchiness around the eyes. He notes a frequent rectal discharge and had 1 episode of bleeding, evaluated by colonoscopy, which was normal. Liver function tests were mildly elevated in the past. He has experienced pain and numbness
Occupational cancer in the United Kingdom.
Authors: D Coggon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Most of the known occupational hazards of cancer have occurred in the United Kingdom. Over recent decades a contraction of manufacturing industry and legal controls on carcinogens have led to reductions in exposure, but cases continue to occur, often as a consequence of exposures 20 or more years ago. By far the most important occupational cause of cancer in the United Kingdom is asbestos, which currently accounts for some 600 cases of mesothelioma and perhaps 100 cases of bronchial carcinoma per year. Recent trends suggest that the number of mesothelioma cases attributable to asbestos will increase over the next few decades. Exposure to sunlight in outdoor work may cause several hundred cases of nonmelanomatous skin cancer per year, and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could be responsible for a similar number of skin and lung tumors. Other known occupational hazards of cancer are unlikely to account for more than 100 cases per year in total.
Law &amp; medicine. Hip fractures
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

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Glycosyl‐phosphatidyl‐inositol‐defective granulocytes from paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria patients show increased bacterial ingestion but reduced respiratory burst induction
Authors: Carmela Cacciapuoti, Giuseppe Terrazzano, Lucia Barone, Michela Sica, Cristina Becchimanzi, Bruno Rotoli, Giuseppina Ruggiero, Fiorella Alfinito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by the emergence of a GPI‐defective clonal hematopoiesis. Its clinical features are hemolytic anemia, cytopenia, and thrombosis. Circulating monocytes and granulocytes are largely GPI‐defective in PNH patients. This study aims to investigate the granulocyte functional properties in PNH. We analyzed bacterial‐dependent intracellular ingestion and the consequent activation of oxidative burst in GPI‐defective granulocytes from four neutropenic PNH patients. Our data show a significant increase in the ability of GPI‐defective granulocytes to ingest opsonized bacteria. In addition, an impaired respiratory burst effectiveness in response to two independent bacterial stimuli, the N ‐formyl‐MetLeuPhe (fMLP) synthetic bacterial peptide and E. coli , was revealed. The occurrence of neutropenia and the severe impairment of oxidative burst, occurring in chronic granulomatosis disease, were unable to significantly affect phagocytosis. Thus, additional mechanisms, able to differentially affect ingestion ability and respiratory burst effectiveness, have to be hypothesized. The reduced burst effectiveness of GPI‐defective granulocytes was maintained after treatment with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, a pharmacological stimulus able to extensively recruit and to trigger intracellular protein kinase C (PKC). Moreover, blocking of PKC has been observed to severely affect granulocyte respiratory burst with a mild effect on the phagocytosis. These data suggest a role for a modulation of intracellular PKC in the pathogenesis of the impaired granulocyte oxidative burst. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.