tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasingly Sensitive Assays for Cardiac Troponins
Authors: James A. de Lemos
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Cardiac troponins are the preferred biomarkers for diagnosis of myocardial infarction because of their high sensitivity and specificity for myocardial injury. However, acute and chronic conditions distinct from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) commonly lead to small elevations in troponin levels, with few data available regarding management of care for patients with such conditions. Recently developed highly sensitive troponin assays will likely lead to a substantial increase in the proportion of detectable troponin levels attributable to non-ACS conditions. Novel algorithms with highly sensitive assays, incorporating baseline troponin values and changes in values over 1 to 2 hours, may allow rapid exclusion of myocardial infarction and help to address specificity concerns but must be validated in appropriate target populations. Enhanced detection of very low troponin levels with highly sensitive assays has made feasible several potential new indications for troponin testing, including in the ambulatory setting, where assessment for low-level chronic myocardial injury may enhance risk stratification for heart failure and cardiac death.
Return to work after coronary artery surgery for angina.
Authors: P Nixon, N Weinstock
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Behavioral studies show that modulation of the glutamatergic system might be an efficient way to achieve antidepressant activity. Among the group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, the mGlu7 receptor subtype seems to be the most promising target for potential antidepressants. It has been shown that a selective, allosteric mGlu7 receptor agonist, <i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>-bis (diphenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (AMN082), induced antidepressant-like action in behavioral tests in mice, although the mechanisms responsible for this action remained unknown. Here, we decided to investigate the possible role of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like activity of AMN082 in both the forced swim test (FST) in rats and the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. We found that AMN082 (1–10 mg/kg i.p.) induced a dose-dependent reduction in the immobility of rats and an increase in their swimming behavior, whereas there were not any changes in climbing behavior in the FST in rats. In the TST in mice we found that AMN082 (3 mg/kg i.p.) did not induce an antidepressant-like effect after depletion of serotonin (5-HT) with <i>para</i>-chlorophenylalanine. Moreover, we revealed that citalopram, but not reboxetine, when combined with AMN082 (all compounds used at low subeffective doses), induced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the TST. We also discovered that the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist <i>N-</i>{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-<i>N</i>-(2-pyridynyl) cyclohexane-carboxamide (WAY100635) (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), but not the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ritanserin (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), blocked the antidepressant-like action of AMN082. Altogether, the results of our studies show that the antidepressant-like action of the mGlu7 receptor-positive modulator AMN082 depends on the activation of the serotonergic system.
Free Perforation of the Common Bile Duct
Authors: George J. Hill, Herman Steinberg, David S. Speer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

FREE perforation of the common bile duct is rare.At the New York Hospital there have been no cases since the present building was opened in 1932. Cases were reported by Hart1 in 1951 and by Muendel and Null in 1954.2 The following case was complicated by massive gastric hemorrhage, which required additional surgery.Case ReportA 70-year-old woman was admitted to the New York Hospital for the 1st time with a chief complaint of severe pain in the upper abdomen of 15 hours' duration.Past history revealed gallstones for many years and an appendectomy in 1920. A review of . . .
The ABO Blood Groups and Peptic Ulceration
Authors: E. W. Grahame
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The possibility of the relationship.of the ABO blood groups to disease has been investigated by many workers during the past 40 years, and their results have been carefully analysed by Fraser Roberts (1957), who concluded that, in the case of duodenal ulceration, there was overwhelming evidence that persons with group 0 .bloodwere 400% more susceptible than those of other groups.With regard to gastric ulcers, he was of the opinion that the figures are about intermediate between those of duodenal ulcers and the controls, even allowing for the fact that some of the ulcers near the pylorus may have been misclassified.My own series consists of 1,080 peptic ulcer patients on whom I have performed partial gastrectomies since coming to Tees-side.Thus all cases are ulcers proved at laparotomy.The controls were obtained from Fraser Roberts's (1953) analysis of the ABO blood-group records of the North of England Blood Transfusion Service.In this district are areas 67 to 72, inclusive, from which nearly all my patients have come.As the total number of donors in each section is given and not the number of donors in each blood group, the latter have been calculated from the percentage group-frequencies and then the total number of the donors in the whole area, the numbers of donors in each group, and, finally, the percentage group-frequencies in the whole area.It was considered that this would provide more accurate control figures for the purpose of this investigation.These are given in Table I.
A Simple Method for Selecting the Dose of Warfarin
Authors: Jacob Zatuchni
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Regarding the article by Drs Hirsh and Levine entitled "The Optimal Intensity of Oral and Anticoagulant Therapy,"<sup>1</sup>I point out that the international normalized ratio system is not in wide use. There remains confusion about translation of results to estimating the dosage of warfarin. It is clear that anticoagulant control as prescribed by hospital physicians who apparently look at daily prothrombin times results in levels within the recommended range no more frequently than could be achieved by chance.<sup>2</sup> For these reasons, I wonder if Drs Hirsh and Levine would agree to a simple method for selection of warfarin dosage (Table). It is based on the prothrombin time reported by the laboratory in which a prothrombin time ratio of 1.3 to 1.5 corresponds to 14 to 15 s and that of 1.5 to 2.0 to 18 to 20 s, corresponding to an international normalized ratio of 2.0
Permissive Hypercapnia: Some Equations
Authors: H. F. Helmholz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article on permissive hypercapnia in the September 28,1994, issue ofThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>the first two equations are incorrect and make the third incorrect also. The correct equations are as follows: This equation tells the user that the exchange ratio (R) effects the result only when inert gas (1—FIO<sub>2</sub>) is present. This equation shows that the alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure (PACO<sub>2</sub>) is independent of the barometric pressure (PB). I point these things out for the sake of accuracy of concept. However, this does not in any way materially change the conclusions reached in the article in question. The animal body is very tolerant of hypercapnia, and prevention of pulmonary barotrauma is indeed important. The subject procedure deserves further study.
The canadian best practices portal for health promotion and chronic disease prevention: a place to go for program planning in injury prevention in sport
Authors: N Jetha, R Volpe, H Gagné, A Renaud, J Campbell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background While participation in sports contributes to health and well being, it also increases risk for injury in both amateur and professional athletes. Consequently, the prevention of sport injuries ranks relatively high on the public health agenda. The Portal provides program planners with information needed to plan, implement and evaluate interventions. Objective To share the outcome of a partnership between the Portal and the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation designed to increase the number of best practices available in the prevention of sport injuries on the Portal. Design Information about each best practice is compiled into an annotation summary for the Portal. These summaries link to program resources and tools, and outline features of the interventions such as strategies and theories. Setting The best practices focus on a range programs that include bicycling, equestrian, ATV, snowmobile, snowboarding, football, rugby, hunting, and diving activities. Many of these sport-related interventions are delivered at sport facilities, while others are home-based or school-based. Participants The Portal's primary audiences are decision makers in health promotion, public health and chronic disease prevention, and non-government and voluntary organisation program coordinators. Interventions The Portal contains approximately 15 interventions related to prevention of injury in sports. A few examples of these interventions will be discussed in the presentation. Main outcome measurements All interventions housed on the Portal have been evaluated, shown to be successful, and have the potential to be adapted and replicated by other health practitioners working in similar fields. Results The Portal is a place for program planners to get evidence-based best practices related to injury prevention in sports, which results in better program planning. Conclusions This presentation will provide a better understanding of the purpose of the Portal and of the scope of sport injury prevention information that can be found there.
Trastuzumab: A Picky Partner?
Authors: Heather L. McArthur, Clifford A. Hudis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Preclinical and clinical models of HER2-positive breast cancer show that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy with trastuzumab adds significant benefits and modest risks to conventional cytotoxic therapies. Building on this advance will likely depend on elucidation of relevant signaling pathways and mechanisms of action for effective HER2-targeted therapies.
Mutations in the neutral sphingomyelinase gene SMPD3 implicate the ceramide pathway in human leukemias
Authors: Woo Jae Kim, Ross A. Okimoto, Louise E. Purton, Meagan Goodwin, Sara M. Haserlat, Farshid Dayyani, David A. Sweetser, Andrea I. McClatchey, Olivier A. Bernard, A. Thomas Look, Daphne W. Bell, David T. Scadden, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: Blood (2008)
Rapid and Dramatic Radiographic and Clinical Response to an ALK Inhibitor (Crizotinib, PF02341066) in an ALK Translocation-Positive Patient with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Lyudmila Bazhenova, D. Ross Camidge, Benjamin J. Solomon, June Herman, Tatiana Kain, Yung-Jue Bang, Eunice L. Kwak, Alice T. Shaw, Ravi Salgia, Robert G. Maki, Jeffrey W. Clark, Keith D. Wilner, A. John Iafrate
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
THE INTRAVENOUS LIVER TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
Authors: I. Billig, W. N. West-Watson, C. J. Young
Journal: BMJ (1932)

RESULTS WITH HEPATEXThis new preparation, sold in 5 c.cm. doses containing the equivalent of 100 grams of fresh liver, is said to produce an immediate reticular response.To be on the safe side, a 2 c.cm. dose was injected intravenously on September 2nd without any undesirable symptoms.
1168-161 Effect of high intensity focused ultrasound on cardiac valves
Authors: Ryo Otsuka, Kumiko Hirata, Kana Fujikura, Yuki Oe, David Engel, Charles Marboe, Marco Di Tullio, R Di Tullio, Robert Muratore, Fred Lizzi, Shunichi Homma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Preventive Care Guidelines: 1991
Authors: Robert S. A. Hayward, Earl P. Steinberg, Daniel E. Ford, Michael F. Roizen, Keith W. Roach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Clinicians increasingly are urged to integrate preventive services into their clinical practices. To facilitate this process, several groups have developed practice guidelines for preventing disease in asymptomatic patients. In this paper, we compare and contrast preventive guidelines from the American College of Physicians (ACP), the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (CTF), the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and other well-known authorities. We chose these groups because they based their recommendations on explicit methods that include critical appraisal of the pertinent literature. Recommendations from these authorities usually are consistent with each other. Moreover, the ACP, CTF, and USPSTF all favor a shift away from the relatively simple classification of patients by age and sex for general preventive interventions to the more complex stratification of patients by additional risk factors and the formulation of a selective prevention strategy that is specific to each risk profile. Some guidelines, particularly the criteria used to define patients who are at increased risk for preventable disease and who should have more intensive surveillance, are difficult to interpret. Further research is needed to address some areas of disagreement and ambiguity. In addition, new tools must be developed to help physicians apply preventive guidelines, particularly those that require noting many patient-specific characteristics.
Rationing, Justice, and the American Physician
Authors: William A. Knaus
Journal: JAMA (1986)

There are two articles in this week's issue ofThe Journalthat address the important question of what happens when demand for sophisticated medical services, in this case intensive care treatment, exceeds supply. If you haven't already done so, read the article by Strauss et al<sup>1</sup>first. These investigators were able to cleverly relate the number of available intensive care unit (ICU) beds to physicians' admitting and discharge decisions by matching the number of open beds to the characteristics of patients admitted. What happened when there were few or no empty beds? Medical and surgical patients who were not very ill—for example, patients with chest pain but with a low probability of having a myocardial infarction—the "too healthy," were excluded. This study is the first to directly link daily variations in ICU bed availability to physicians' decision making. Its theme, however, is one that I increasingly hear during conferences
TONSILLITIS FOLLOWING USE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPRAY
Authors: CLARAM DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In view of the recent numerous reports regarding the use of staphylococcus cultures for the purpose of clearing the throat of diphtheria bacilli, it seemed that a report of the following case might be of interest.  History.  —L. L., aged 18, schoolgirl, on Oct. 26, 1912, sought medical advice for the relief of continuous colds and constant nasal discharge. The immediate family of the patient were well and had never suffered from any throat or nasal diseases. There were three cases of cancer in the mother's family and there was history of Bright's disease on the paternal side. The patient was well and strong. She had had whoopingcough, measles and mumps and had always suffered from frequent colds and tonsillitis. Four years previously she had had adenoids removed and tonsillotomy done, with partial relief of the condition. She had had no attacks of tonsillitis since. For the last three months,
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation and the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Michael Brownlee, Helen Vlassara, Anthony Cerami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Glucose chemically attaches to proteins and nucleic acids without the aid of enzymes. Initially, chemically reversible Schiff base and Amadori product adducts form in proportion to glucose concentration. Equilibrium is reached after several weeks, however, and further accumulation of these early nonenzymatic glycosylation products does not continue beyond that time. Subsequent reactions of the Amadori product slowly give rise to nonequilibrium advanced glycosylation end-products which continue to accumulate indefinitely on longer-lived molecules. Excessive formation of both types of nonenzymatic glycosylation product appears to be the common biochemical link between chronic hyperglycemia and a number of pathophysiologic processes potentially involved in the development of long-term diabetic complications. The major biological effects of excessive nonenzymatic glycosylation include: inactivation of enzymes; inhibition of regulatory molecule binding; crosslinking of glycosylated proteins and trapping of soluble proteins by glycosylated extracellular matrix (both may progress in the absence of glucose); decreased susceptibility to proteolysis; abnormalities of nucleic acid function; altered macromolecular recognition and endocytosis; and increased immunogenicity.
CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSIQN IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS: A SPECT STUDY WITH 133Xe AND [99mCTc]HMPAO
Authors: Robert Rubin, Javier villanueva-Mever, Jambur Ananth, Karen Garrett, Carmen Thomas, Ismael Hena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Rubin, Robert; villanueva-Mever, Javier; Ananth, Jambur; Garrett, Karen; Thomas, Carmen; Hena, Ismael Author Information
International Volunteer Medicine
Authors: Melissa San Julian Mark, J. Tyler Roseman, Robin L. Caperton, James J. Daniero, Maria Frontini, Jennifer M. Snaman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neighborhood differences in exposure and sensitization to cockroach, mouse, dust mite, cat, and dog allergens in New York City
Authors: Omar Olmedo, Inge F. Goldstein, Luis Acosta, Adnan Divjan, Andrew G. Rundle, Ginger L. Chew, Robert B. Mellins, Lori Hoepner, Howard Andrews, Sara Lopez-Pintado, James W. Quinn, Frederica P. Perera, Rachel L. Miller, Judith S. Jacobson, Matthew S. Perzanowski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type occurring in the liver: a study of two cases
Authors: Murielle Maes, Claude Depardieu, Jean-Louis Dargent, Marie Hermans, Jean-Luc Verhaeghe, Jan Delabie, Stefania Pittaluga, Philippe Troufléau, Alain Verhest, Christiane De Wolf-Peeters
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
FDA's Newly Designated Treatment INDs
Authors: Frank E. Young
Journal: JAMA (1988)

WE HEREIN describe two new investigational drugs, cytomegalovirus immune globulin and trimetrexate glucuronate, that physicians may obtain under treatment protocols for certain patients with the serious or life-threatening conditions for which the drugs are indicated. The drugs have been approved for early availability under special "Treatment IND" procedures by the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. <h3>CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN</h3><h3>Background</h3> Cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMVIG), the subject of a Treatment IND, is sponsored by the Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories, Division of the State Laboratory Institute, Department of Public Health, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston. The product is indicated for the attenuation of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease associated with kidney transplantation in seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors. Approximately 75% of untreated seronegative recipients would be expected to develop CMV infection.<sup>1</sup>Clinical studies have shown a 50% reduction in primary CMV disease in renal transplant recipients given CMVIG.
Predictive Value for the Chinese Population of the Framingham CHD Risk Assessment Tool Compared With the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study
Authors: Jing Liu, Yuling Hong, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Zhaosu Wu, Wei Wang, Jiayi Sun, Peter W. F. Wilson, William B. Kannel, Dong Zhao
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The Framingham Heart Study helped to establish tools to assess coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the homogeneous nature of the Framingham population prevents simple extrapolation to other populations. Recalibration of Framingham functions could permit various regions of the world to adapt Framingham tools to local populations.To evaluate the performance of the Framingham CHD risk functions, directly and after recalibration, in a large Chinese population, compared with the performance of the functions derived from the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS).The CMCS cohort included 30 121 Chinese adults aged 35 to 64 years at baseline. Participants were recruited from 11 provinces and were followed up for new CHD events from 1992 to 2002. Participants in the Framingham Heart Study were 5251 white US residents of Framingham, Mass, who were 30 to 74 years old at baseline in 1971 to 1974 and followed up for 12 years."Hard" CHD (coronary death and myocardial infarction) was used as the end point in comparisons of risk factors (age, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) as evaluated by the CMCS functions, original Framingham functions, and recalibrated Framingham functions.The CMCS cohort had 191 hard CHD events and 625 total deaths vs 273 CHD events and 293 deaths, respectively, for Framingham. For most risk factor categories, the relative risks for CHD were similar for Chinese and Framingham participants, with a few exceptions (ie, age, total cholesterol of 200-239 mg/dL [5.18-6.19 mmol/L], and HDL-C less than 35 mg/dL [0.91 mmol/L] in men; smoking in women). The discrimination using the Framingham functions in the CMCS cohort was similar to the CMCS functions: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.705 for men and 0.742 for women using the Framingham functions vs 0.736 for men and 0.759 for women using the CMCS functions. However, the original Framingham functions systematically overestimated the absolute CHD risk in the CMCS cohort. For example, in the 10th risk decile in men, the predicted rate of CHD death was 20% vs an actual rate of 3%. Recalibration of the Framingham functions using the mean values of risk factors and mean CHD incidence rates of the CMCS cohort substantially improved the performance of the Framingham functions in the CMCS cohort.The original Framingham functions overestimated the risk of CHD for CMCS participants. Recalibration of the Framingham functions improved the estimates and demonstrated that the Framingham model is useful in the Chinese population. For regions that have no established cohort, recalibration using CHD rates and risk factors may be an effective method to develop CHD risk prediction algorithms suited for local practice.