tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid‐dependent procoagulant activity is highly expressed by circulating microparticles in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Marina Marchetti, Carmen J. Tartari, Laura Russo, Marina Panova‐Noeva, Annamaria Leuzzi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Guido Finazzi, Barry Woodhams, Anna Falanga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

This study evaluates the functional procoagulant features of plasma microparticle (MP) to explore the MP contribution to the hypercoagulable state of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Platelet-free plasma samples were obtained from 73 ET patients (37 positive for the JAK2V617F mutation) and 72 control subjects. The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) was performed in plasma samples to determine thrombin generation of MP-associated tissue factor (TF) and procoagulant phospholipid (PPL) activity, and the STA Procoag PPL assay to measure MP-PPL activity only. Both thrombin generation and PPL procoagulant activities were found significantly elevated in ET patients compared to controls, and were associated to significantly higher levels of TF antigen and FVIIa/AT complex. Thrombin generation was significantly greater in JAK2-V617F positive compared to JAK2-V617F negative patients and normal subjects. Significant correlations were found between the PPL-assay and the different parameters of the CAT assay. No difference was seen between the thrombosis and no thrombosis group. Prospective studies are needed to test whether MP-associated thrombin generation and procoagulant activity may predict for thrombosis in these patients.
Report argues US should not pay more than rest of world to fight HIV/AIDS
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

International contributions to fight HIV/AIDS in low and middle income countries reached $3.6bn (£2.1bn; £3bn) in 2004, according a report by the Kaiser Family Foundation and UNAIDS. It was released at a forum on 21 July in Washington, DC.

The report evaluated bilateral efforts and contributions to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria from the G7 industrialised nations and the European Community. They supplied 87% of total funding, said Jennifer Kates, an analyst with the foundation, who wrote the report. The United States contributed 45.4% of the total and the United Kingdom 16.6%; all other nations' contributions were in single digits.

Many of the …
Gene expression profile alone is inadequate in predicting complete response in multiple myeloma
Authors: S B Amin, W-K Yip, S Minvielle, A Broyl, Y Li, B Hanlon, D Swanson, P K Shah, P Moreau, B van der Holt, M van Duin, F Magrangeas, P Pieter Sonneveld, K C Anderson, C Li, H Avet-Loiseau, N C Munshi
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
UROGRAPHY AS A METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
Authors: JOHN H. MORRISSEY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The confusing array of terms used to demonstrate the picturing of the various overlapping areas of the genito-urinary tract has been grouped by Dr. Braasch under the term urography.  Perhaps no branch of scientific medicine embraces such diagnostic value and, yet, diversity of methods as urography. In spite of their slow development, modern standardized methods of gastro-intestinal roentgenography now scarcely vary in the slightest detail from a uniform procedure as regards mediums, time element, etc.; on the other hand, urography presents scarcely one uniform detail. Disapproved by many men, actually feared by some, and utilized with extreme caution by others, the method comprises a variety of procedures, including gravity and syringe methods of injection. An infinite number of mediums are used, varying from simple solutions to elaborate paint pot mixtures, with a similarly unstandardized time element as regards injection, distention, roentgenography, and the like.  A discussion of pyelography cannot but
Cytokine Removal: Hierarchical Porous Carbide‐Derived Carbons for the Removal of Cytokines from Blood Plasma (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2012)
Authors: Volker Presser, Sun‐Hwa Yeon, Cekdar Vakifahmetoglu, Carol A. Howell, Susan R. Sandeman, Paolo Colombo, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Yury Gogotsi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Carbide-derived carbons with hierarchical porosity derived from a polymer precursor can be used for the extracorporeal removal of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The removal rates scale with the surface area of pores large enough to accommodate the protein molecules and this method has potential for efficacious treatment of sepsis, one of the major challenges in healthcare. Further information can be found in the Communication by S. Mikhalovsky, Y. Gogotsi, and co-workers on page 796.
Significance of high levels of procalcitonin in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia
Authors: Christophe Guervilly, Yanaël Coisel, Elizabeth Botelho-Nevers, Stephanie Dizier, Matthias Castanier, Renaud Lepaul-Ercole, Olivier Brissy, Antoine Roch, Jean-Marie Forel, Laurent Papazian
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Ionic mechanisms of electrical remodeling in human atrial fibrillation
Authors: R Bosch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a decrease in atrial ERP and ERP adaptation to rate as well as changes in atrial conduction velocity. The cellular changes in repolarization and the underlying ionic mechanisms in human AF are only poorly understood. Methods: Action potentials (AP) and ionic currents were studied with the patch clamp technique in single atrial myocytes from patients in chronic AF and compared to those from patients in stable sinus rhythm (SR). Results: The presence of AF was associated with a marked shortening of the AP duration and a decreased rate response of atrial repolarization. L-type calcium current (ICa,L) and the transient outward current (Ito) were both reduced about 70% in AF, whereas an increased steady-state outward current was detectable at test potentials between –30 and 0 mV. The inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) and the acetylcholine-activated potassium current (IKACh) were increased in AF at hyperpolarizing potentials. Voltage-dependent inactivation of the fast sodium current (INa) was shifted to more positive voltages in AF. Conclusions: AF in humans leads to important changes in atrial potassium and calcium currents that likely contribute to the decrease in APD and APD rate adaptation. These changes contribute to electrical remodeling in AF and are therefore important factors for the perpetuation of the arrhythmia.
THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF SYNOVITIS OF THE WRIST.
Authors: CHARLES F. STILLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1890)

In cases of a mild grade of inflammatory action, felt splints or immobile dressings may be used, but in those of a more serious character, when traction becomes necessary, it may readily be produced, and fixation of the joint increased and maintained by the use of two plain wooden splints extending from the base of the fingers to the elbow (see fig. 2). These are to be notched at each end and are not to be wider than the arm. They are to be placed one anteriorly and the other posteriorly, and are applied by means of adhesive plaster in the following manner: Select plaster of the moleskin variety, and cut four pieces in fan shape shown in fig. 1. To the center of these attach, with needle and thread, strong webbing straps, each a trifle longer than the wooden splints, and to the free extremities of two of these
An Address on the Climatic Treatment of Consumption
Authors: F. Bagshawe
Journal: BMJ (1883)

here, tending to relieve pain, to shorten the course of disease, or perhaps to prolong life, I feel that, even when I have passed away, I may still be, in a sense, a feVow-worker with you in the cause of humanity; and once more I thank yon most sincerely for having been gi,en,
Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms-Reply
Authors: Michael Salcman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We appreciate the comments of Dr Karis on our article. Certainly, we would have to agree with his conclusions based on the statistics that he uses to support them. On the other hand, we believe that the statistics that we have presented from the literature do demonstrate the superior results of microsurgery in centers where many of these patients are treated. Consequently, we would be uncomfortable in participating in a definitive, randomized, controlled study. Certainly, there are issues here that can only be resolved by such a study, but we do not believe that these would alter the fundamental conclusion that direct microsurgical intervention is superior to conservative treatment or carotid ligation.  Once again, we are grateful for his kind comments, especially in regard to the level of care our patients have received.
UN warns that aid for Sudan is “grossly underfunded”
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A funding shortfall is jeopardising aid operations in Sudan, despite the continuing diplomatic and media attention the crisis in the Darfur region is getting, warned the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs as it launched a new funding appeal last week.

Operations “remain grossly underfunded,” says the office in a statement. “Even as the recent conflict in Darfur dominates the headlines, only about 40% of the requested $722m [£400m; €600m] has been received, with $434m still outstanding, to meet Sudan's overall needs till year's end.”

Manuel Aranda da Silva, humanitarian coordinator for the UN, …
Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome With Adjuvant Tamoxifen Relative to Patient CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes
Authors: Werner Schroth, Lydia Antoniadou, Peter Fritz, Matthias Schwab, Thomas Muerdter, Ulrich M. Zanger, Wolfgang Simon, Michel Eichelbaum, Hiltrud Brauch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The clinical outcome of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients may be influenced by the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes that catalyze the formation of antiestrogenic metabolites endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We investigated the predictive value of genetic variants of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and three other cytochrome P450 enzymes for tamoxifen treatment outcome.DNA from 206 patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy and from 280 patients not receiving tamoxifen therapy (71 months median follow-up) was isolated from archival material and was genotyped for 16 polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 by matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and by copy number quantification. Risk and survival estimates were calculated using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses.Tamoxifen-treated patients carrying the CYP2D6 alleles *4, *5, *10, *41-all associated with impaired formation of antiestrogenic metabolites-had significantly more recurrences of breast cancer, shorter relapse-free periods (hazard ratio [HR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.33; P = .02), and worse event-free survival rates (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.25; P = .02) compared with carriers of functional alleles. Patients with the CYP2C19 high enzyme activity promoter variant *17 had a more favorable clinical outcome (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.92; P = .03) than carriers of *1, *2, and *3 alleles.Because genetically determined, impaired tamoxifen metabolism results in worse treatment outcomes, genotyping for CYP2D6 alleles *4, *5, *10, and *41 can identify patients who will have little benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. In addition to functional CYP2D6 alleles, the CYP2C19 *17 variant identifies patients likely to benefit from tamoxifen.
Improvement in Left Ventricular Remodeling by the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Enhancer AVE9488 After Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Daniela Fraccarollo, Julian D. Widder, Paolo Galuppo, Thomas Thum, Dimitrios Tsikas, Michael Hoffmann, Hartmut Ruetten, Georg Ertl, Johann Bauersachs
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contributes to the progression of heart failure. In this study, we investigated whether the transcription enhancer of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) AVE9488 improves cardiac remodeling and heart failure after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results— Starting 7 days after coronary artery ligation, rats with MI were treated with placebo or AVE9488 (25 ppm) as a dietary supplement for 9 weeks. AVE9488 therapy versus placebo substantially improved left ventricular (LV) function, reduced LV filling pressure, and prevented the rightward shift of the pressure-volume curve. AVE9488 also attenuated the extent of pulmonary edema, reduced LV fibrosis and myocyte cross-sectional area, and prevented the increases in LV gene expression of atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide, and endothelin-1. eNOS protein levels and calcium-dependent NOS activity were decreased in the surviving LV myocardium from placebo MI rats and normalized by AVE9488. The beneficial effects of AVE9488 on LV dysfunction and remodeling after MI were abrogated in eNOS-deficient mice. Aortic eNOS protein expression and endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasorelaxation were significantly enhanced by AVE9488 treatment after infarction, whereas increased vascular superoxide anion formation was reduced. Moreover, AVE9488 prevented the marked depression of circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels in rats with heart failure after MI. Conclusions— Long-term treatment with the eNOS enhancer AVE9488 improved LV remodeling and contractile dysfunction after MI. Molecular alterations, circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels, and endothelial vasomotor dysfunction were improved by AVE9488. Pharmacological interventions designed to increase eNOS-derived NO constitute a promising therapeutic approach for the amelioration of postinfarction ventricular remodeling and heart failure.
A NOVEL CLASSIFICATION OF NEOINTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS AFTER DRUG ELUTING-STENT IMPLANTATION: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Sudhir Rathore, Kenya Nasu, Masashi Kimura, Tatsuya Ito, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Mariko Ehara, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Keiko Asakura, Yasushi Asakura, Osamu Kato, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
HLA-A2 subtypes are functionally distinct in peptide binding and presentation.
Authors: D Barouch, T Friede, S Stevanović, L Tussey, K Smith, S Rowland-Jones, V Braud, A McMichael, H G Rammensee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Nearly half of HLA-A2-positive individuals in African populations have a subtype of HLA-A2 other than the A*0201 allele. We have isolated the common African HLA-A2 subtype genes from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines and have established stable class I reduced transfectants expressing these alleles. We have studied the peptide binding and presentation properties of A*0201, A*0202, A*0205, A*0214, and A*6901 by a combination of approaches: assaying direct binding of labeled synthetic peptides, studying the ability of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize peptide-pulsed cells, and sequencing peptide pools and individual ligands eluted from cells. We find that A*0201-restricted peptides can also bind to A*0202 but do not bind strongly to the other alleles in this study. We show that some cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize all subtypes capable of binding an antigenic peptide, whereas others are subtype specific. Sequencing of eluted peptides reveals that A*0202 has a similar peptide motif to A*0201, but that A*0205, A*0214, and A*6901 have different motifs. These data strongly support a model in which residue 9 (Phe or Tyr) of the A2/A68/A69 molecules is a critical factor in determining the specificity of the B pocket of the major histocompatibility complex and the position 2 anchor residue of associated peptides. We conclude that a single-amino acid difference in the major histocompatibility complex can be sufficient to cause a dramatic change in the nature of bound peptides, implying that individuals with closely related HLA subtypes may present very different repertoires of antigenic peptides to T cells in an immune response. It is likely to be a general phenomenon that very similar class I subtypes will behave as functionally distinct HLA allotypes.
Infectivity of pneumonic plague
Authors: P Cowling, P Moss
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,-D T Dennis's editorial on lessons to be learnt from the outbreak of bubonic and pneumonic plague in Maharashtra and Gujurat, India, points towards maintenance of the public health infrastructure to detect, monitor, and combat different agents of disease.'That would not be feasible without sound laboratory support in developing countries where government expenditure on drugs is less than five cents per person and health posts run out of their annual supplies of drugs during the early part of the fiscal year.2Intermediate and peripheral level laboratories would fail to identify promptly infection with Yersinia pestis in rodents, fleas, and humans since
Timeliness of diagnosis of asthma in children and its predictors
Authors: W. E. Molis, S. Bagniewski, A. L. Weaver, R. M. Jacobson, Y. J. Juhn
Journal: Allergy (2008)

There is a paucity of literature using medical records to evaluate the timeliness of asthma diagnosis in children and the predictors associated with timeliness of asthma diagnosis.Subjects were obtained from a convenience sample of 839 children, aged 5-13 years. We conducted comprehensive medical record reviews for these children to determine their asthma status by applying predetermined criteria for asthma. Predictors were evaluated for an association with timeliness of asthma diagnosis.Of 839 children, 276 children met the criteria for asthma before 18 years of age. Of these subjects, 97 had timely diagnosis of asthma while 179 did not have timely diagnosis of asthma with the median delay of 3.3 years. Children with definite asthma at the time of index date was three times more timely to be diagnosed with asthma [hazard ratios (HR) 3.3, 95% CI: 2.43-4.47, P < 0.001], compared to those with probable asthma. Children with a family history of asthma were more timely to be diagnosed with asthma (HR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03-1.8, P = 0.031). Children with exercise-induced wheezing or bronchospasm were more timely to be diagnosed with asthma (HR 1.79, 95% CI: 0.95-3.36, P = 0.07), compared to those with spasmodic (or bronchospastic) cough.Many asthmatic children are not diagnosed with asthma in a timely manner, especially in those without the commonly recognized factors associated with asthma. Health care providers need to be reminded that asthma can still occur in those without commonly recognized risk factors. Asthma guidelines need to emphasize this aspect.
The uneasy oesophagus.
Authors: H A Davies, A M Dart, J J Dalal, M S Ruttley, A H Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

that should be pursued between teacher, child, and parents.There is evidence that the pendulum phenomenon is now heralding an era of "narrow punitive education associated with the bullying of children and adolescents,"'3 and that this would be welcome in some quarters.Let us hope that sufficient people feel strongly enough to ensure that the next decade does not provide further inspiration for the Pink Floyd.
Spatial symbol systems and spatial cognition: A computer science perspective on perception-based symbol processing
Authors: Christian Freksa, Thomas Barkowsky, Alexander Klippel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

People often solve spatially presented cognitive problems more easily than their nonspatial counterparts. We explain this phenomenon by characterizing space as an inter-modality that provides common structure to different specific perceptual modalities. The usefulness of spatial structure for knowledge processing on different levels of granularity and for interaction between internal and external processes is described. Map representations are discussed as examples in which the usefulness of spatially organized symbols is particularly evident. External representations and processes can enhance internal representations and processes effectively when the same structures and principles can be implicitly assumed.
Immigration and Health Insurance-Reply
Authors: Carl J. Schramm
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —The Census Bureau makes every reasonable effort to count all persons living in the United States. The Health Insurance Association of America believes that all persons living legally in the United States should be able to locate a source of financing for their health care. However, the impact of illegal aliens on American health care is beyond the scope of my essay since, in the Health Insurance Association of America's estimation, information about the number, location, and health status of illegal aliens is highly unreliable.
Treatment of symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas with intracavitary instillation of amphotericin B through an indwelling catheter.
Authors: M Jackson, C D Flower, J M Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The treatment of symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas can be difficult. One approach has been to deliver antifungal drugs directly into the lung cavity. The use of this method of treatment is described in which an indwelling percutaneous catheter is used which avoids repeated needlings of the cavity and may allow extended treatment on a domiciliary basis.Amphotericin B was delivered through indwelling percutaneous intracavitary catheters to treat five symptomatic episodes in four patients with pulmonary aspergillomas.The treatment was well tolerated by all patients and their symptoms resolved in four of the five episodes. Two patients died, one from an unrelated bronchopneumonia and the other from advanced cachexia. Two patients remain symptom free after eight and 12 months.Intracavitary administration of amphotericin through an indwelling catheter should be considered for any patient who has troublesome sputum production, haemoptysis, or systemic symptoms attributable to an aspergilloma.
Cyclosporine-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Terry B. Strom, Rolf Loertscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Cyclosporine is a unique immunosuppressive agent that inhibits activation of both B and T lymphocytes as well as certain macrophage functions; however, the predominant effect of the drug appears to reside in its interference with the release of interleukin-2, which stimulates antigen-activated helper and cytotoxic T cells to commence DNA synthesis.1 On the other hand, the drug does not grossly interfere with the activation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells in vivo2 or in vitro.3 Despite the remarkable effectiveness of cyclosporine in experimental models and in the clinic, as well as the absence of potent myelosuppressive effects, cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity remains a . . .
Erector Spinae Metastases From Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Identified by I-131 SPECT/CT
Authors: Zhong-ling Qiu, Quan-yong Luo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Metastatic lesions from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are usually seen in the cervical lymph nodes, lungs, or bones. Skeletal muscle, especially erector spinae metastasis from DTC, is extremely rare. In this report, 2 cases of DTC metastasizing to the erector spinae incidentally found by I-131 whole-body scanning and low-dose I-131 SPECT/CT scan are described. One is a PTC and the other is the follicular variant of PTC. I-131 whole-body scan is indispensable for the management of patients with DTC. However, precise localization of the foci of I-131 uptake is formidable because of the lack of anatomic landmarks. Low-dose integrated SPECT/CT allows for better location and definition of I-131 whole-body scan findings for residual or metastases in DTC. Metastases to skeletal muscle in DTC may be incidental findings and are more common on I-131 whole-body scans combined with SPECT/CT scans.