tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced expression of thrombospondin-1 and hypovascularity in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Naoyuki Kawahara, Mayumi Ono, Ken-ichi Taguchi, Masahiro Okamoto, Mitsuo Shimada, Kenji Takenaka, Kenshi Hayashi, Dean F. Mosher, Keizo Sugimachi, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, Michihiko Kuwano
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is relatively hypovascular, in contrast to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often highly vascular. We investigated if the diminished vascularity of CCC is related to altered expression of thrombospondin–1 (TSP–1), an antiangiogenic factor, and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, comparing the relationships with those of high– and low–vascular HCC. We also investigated the relationship between the mutation of the p53 gene and TSP–1 expression or VEGF expression. Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed on surgically resected human CCC and HCC. The ratios of TSP–1 mRNA level in cancer cells versus adjacent noncancerous cells (T/N ratios) were significantly higher in CCC (n = 11) than in HCC with high vascularity (n = 15). In contrast, T/N ratios of VEGF mRNA level in CCC (n = 11) were comparable with those in HCC with low vascularity (n = 5). In CCC, the cancer cells and fibroblasts were positively stained with anti-TSP–1 antibody. We observed that T/N ratios of VEGF mRNA level, but not those of the TSP–1 mRNA level, were significantly correlated with vascularity in HCC. The relative increase in TSP–1 and the relative decrease in VEGF in tumors compared with normal tissue may underlie the limited angiogenesis of CCC. The p53 gene did not affect the expression of TSP–1 in CCC or VEGF in HCC.
Functional polymorphisms of the CCL2 and MBL genes cumulatively increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
Authors: Xinyi Tu, Wai Po Chong, Yun Zhai, Hongxing Zhang, Fang Zhang, Shixin Wang, Wei Liu, Maoti Wei, Nora Ho On Siu, Hao Yang, Wanling Yang, Wuchun Cao, Yu Lung Lau, Fuchu He, Gangqiao Zhou
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
The Effect of Metoclopramide Treatment on Diabetic Cystoparesis
Authors: Tapan K. Chaudhuri
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Metoclopramide hydrochloride is now commonly used to treat diabetic gastroparesis.<sup>1,2</sup>However, the effect of metoclopramide therapy on another important complication, diabetic cystoparesis,<sup>3</sup>has not been established. We recently observed, serendipitously, the effect on asymptomatic diabetic cystoparesis of metoclopramide given for the treatment of symptomatic diabetic gastroparesis. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 62-year-old man with nonketotic diabetes who has required insulin injections since 1968 had peripheral neuropathy with a peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity of 35.1 m/s (normal, ≥42 m/s). He had gastrointestinal tract symptoms of nausea and postprandial fullness. An upper gastrointestinal tract series showed marked gastric retention of barium that was indicative of gastroparesis. He had been impotent for ten years and had a history of nocturia but denied having current urinary symptoms. A residual urine volume determined by a standard radionuclide technique revealed 1019 mL of residual urine in the bladder. He was
THE ESTERASE AND LIPASE ACTIVITY OF AEROBIC SKIN BACTERIA
Authors: R. J. HOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article THE ESTERASE AND LIPASE ACTIVITY OF AEROBIC SKIN BACTERIA Get access R. J. HOLT R. J. HOLT Group Laboratories, Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton, Surrey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 1, 1 July 1971, Pages 18–23, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07172.x Published: 01 July 1971 Article history Accepted: 14 March 1971 Published: 01 July 1971
Pulmonary Extraction of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Norepinephrine before and after Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Man
Authors: C. N. GILLIS, N. M. GREENE, L. H. CRONAU, G. L. HAMMOND
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Pulmonary extraction of 14 C-5-hydroxytryptamine and 3 H-norepinephrine was estimated in patients undergoing aortocoronary saphenous vein grafting. Identical mixtures of both amines were administered intravenously before Cardiopulmonary bypass and again just after bypass. Immediately after each injection, 6 ml of blood was withdrawn into tubing, at a constant rate, simultaneously from both the pulmonary artery and the left atrium. Each set of tubing was then divided into six segments, and the 3 H and 14 C content of each segment was measured. In this manner, total isotope collected and blood isotope concentration as a function of time at the two sampling sites were compared directly. Before bypass in every patient studied, less 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine were withdrawn on the left than on the right of the lungs, implying pulmonary extraction of both amines. In nine patients, the mean percent extraction was 65 ± 4% for 5-hydroxytryptamine and 23 ± 5% for norepinephrine ( P &lt; 0.005). After bypass, the percent extraction of both norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in all but one patient; values for norepinephrine were increased to a realtively greater extent. These data represent a direct demonstration of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine extraction by human lungs and also suggest that total Cardiopulmonary bypass may alter the process.
SIMPLE ACHLORHYDRIC ANAEMIA TREATED BY IRON
Authors: D. C. Hare
Journal: BMJ (1931)

CHRONIC MICROCYTIC ANAEMIA L TMEBRITNAt remain in bed throughout the period, omitting iron, and taking instead about IOO-grains of calcium lactate a day, supported if necessary by injections of cotarnine hydro- chloride.After a few months the periods settle down to a normal amount and duration.Menorrhagia is common again about the climacteric.Although not the prime cause of the anaemia, for the patient has previously suffered from anaemia and scanty menstruation, it may nullify all haematinic therapy.It is unwise to wait too long for a natural menopause, as this may condemn the patient to years of invalidism.Treatment by x-ray or Cubtotal hysterectormy should be recommended early; the results are extremely good. ANAEMIA IN MENLittle can be said about anaemia in men.It is usually of short history, responds rapidly to large doses of iron, and rarely relapses.The cases are equally divided into a grouip in early life with lnormal gastric secretion and no symptom except anaemia,"5 and a group in later life with simple achlorhydric anaemia.It may be noted in conclusion that although simple achlorhydric anaemia occurs with greatest frequency in women in the reproductive period, a small but important number of cases occur in old people of either sex.1"SUMMARY i Chronic microcytic anaemia, for which none of the usual causes of secondary anaemia can be found, occuirs with considerable frequency in women of reproductive age.The women affected are generally of asthenic con- stitution, and achlorhydria is present in 8o per cent.2 The anaemia is chronic and shows little or no ten-- dency to iimprove until after the menopause, when it may disappear spontaneously.3 The spleen is palpable in one-third of the cases, but recedes beneath the costal margin on repair of the anaemia.4 Superficial glossitis, indistinguishable from the sore tongue of pernicious anaemia, is present in one-half of the cases.Stomatitis also occurs.In about 15 per cent.the iniflammation spreads to the pharynx, producing dys- phagia, which may be the presenting symptom.5 Treatment is simple and effective.All cases respond to iron, provided it is given by the mouth in large doses for an adequate period of time.Liver is of no value.Owing to the risk of relapse, it is advisable to continue a small maintenance dose of iron after the anacmia has been cured. NOTE ON THE LITERATURREI have reviewed the literature in previous papers.53" 5 Subsequent descriptions of chronic microcytic anaemia are listed below 13 26 27 32 " I had previously overlooked \Vest's paper,48 which was published under Dr. A. F. Hurst's direction in 1928, and which must be one of the earliest English de- scriptions of uncomplicated simple achlorhydric anaemia.Naegeli gives an admirable short account of these anaemias in the last edition of his textbook, regarding them as variants of chlorosis and stressing the constitutional basis.I hiave to thank Professor A. WV.M. Ellis. of the London Hospital, and the physicians of Guy's Hospital, for the opportunity of study- ing patients under their care.I am
Ontogeny of cell-mediated immunity. I. Early development of alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell precursors in postnatal mice.
Authors: L M Pilarski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Cytotoxic T-cell precursors have been shown to occur in spleens of 2-3-day-old mice. By 12 days after birth, the cytotoxic T-cell response of spleen cells to alloantigens has reached 23-32% of adult levels. Addition of extra T-helper cells did not permit cytotoxic T-cell development in spleen cells from newborn to 2-day-old mice suggesting either a lack of precursors or suppression of precursors. The ontogeny of cell-mediated immune functions has thus been shown to correlate well with other work on the development of humoral immunity, accessory cells, and graft versus host reactivity.
Prehospital Triage to Primary Stroke Centers and Rate of Stroke Thrombolysis
Authors: Shyam Prabhakaran, Kathleen O’Neill, Leslie Stein-Spencer, James Walter, Mark J. Alberts
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Implementation of prehospital stroke triage is a public policy intervention that can have an immediate impact on acute stroke care in a region. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact that a citywide policy recommending prehospital triage of patients with suspected stroke to the nearest primary stroke center had on intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in Chicago, Illinois.Retrospective multicenter cohort study from September 1, 2010, to August 31, 2011 (6 months before and after intervention that began March 1, 2011).Ten primary stroke center hospitals in Chicago.All admitted patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. INTERVENTION Prehospital triage policy of patients with stroke to primary stroke centers.Intravenous tPA use (measured as a fraction of patients with ischemic strokes arriving through the emergency department). RESULTS There were 1075 stroke and transient ischemic attack admissions in the pretriage period and 1172 in the posttriage period. Patient demographic characteristics including age, sex, and risk factors were similar between the 2 periods (mean age, 65 years; 53% female). Compared with the pretriage period, use of emergency medical services increased from 30.2% to 38.1% (P < .001) and emergency medical services prenotification increased from 65.5% to 76.5% (P = .001) after implementation. Rates of intravenous tPA use were 3.8% and 10.1% (P < .001) and onset-to-treatment times decreased from 171.7 to 145.7 minutes (P = .03) in the pretriage and posttriage periods, respectively. Stroke unit admission, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates, and in-hospital mortality were not significantly different between periods. Adjusting for mode of arrival, prehospital notification, and onset-to-arrival time, the posttriage period was independently associated with increased tPA use for patients with ischemic stroke presenting through the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.34-3.64).Implementation of a prehospital stroke triage policy in Chicago resulted in significant improvements in emergency medical services use and prenotification and more than doubled intravenous tPA use at primary stroke centers.
Food Iron Absorption in Man APPLICATIONS OF THE TWO-POOL EXTRINSIC TAG METHOD TO MEASURE HEME AND NONHEME IRON ABSORPTION FROM THE WHOLE DIET
Authors: Erik Björn-Rasmussen, Leif Hallberg, Björn Isaksson, Bertil Arvidsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A new radioisotope method to measure iron absorption from the whole diet was used in this study. The method is based on the concept that food iron is absorbed from two pools, the heme iron pool and the nonheme iron pool, which can be especially labeled with two radioiron isotopes given as hemoglobin and as an iron salt. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of this two-pool extrinsic tag method. The meals served were composed as an average of 6 wk consumption in the present material of 32 young enlisted men. The mean and total heme and nonheme iron absorption in all the 32 young men was 1.01+/-0.11. This figure agrees well with the mean daily losses expected for this group of subjects (1.0 mg). The conclusion can therefore be made that there are no major systematic errors of the present method to measure the total iron absorption from a mixed diet. In one series a comparison was made of the absorption of heme and nonheme iron from the meals. A significant correlation between the absorption of the two kinds of iron was found. However, a much greater fraction of the heme iron was absorbed (37%) than of the nonheme iron (5%). The absorption both from breakfast and lunch was in two series found to give a good prediction of the total daily nonheme iron absorption. One series was designed to compare the effect of two levels of iron fortification. There was a significant increase in iron absorption when the level of iron fortification of the meals was increased.
Interviewing and Patient Care.
Authors: Allen J. Enelow, Scott N. Swisher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The latest edition of this highly successful introduciton to medical interviewing has three new chapters--Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Illness and to Patients, Interviewing the Older Adult, and Interviewing and Continuing Care--as well as a new section on eliciting the sexual history. Focusing on the human side of the clinician-patient interaction, this concise, practical work will be of great value to medical, nursing, and allied health students. From reviews of the second edition: A superb book....It is aimed at medical students, for all of whom it should be required reading, but even a Fellow of the American College of Physicians could gain a great deal from its study.--Annals of Internal Medicine.
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Epidemiological aspects
Authors: E. J. Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1974)

GASTRIC cancer is a major concern in every country for which valid data are available. The extreme high and low incidence rates predicate environmental factors as causative agents. A study by state and by region of the ten-year average-age adjusted mortality from gastric cancer in the United States showed a definite pattern, with substantial differences from region to region.<sup>10</sup>North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Louisiana have unusually high death rates. Death rates for men are generally twice those for women; non-whites in the United States have higher rates than whites (Fig 1). Information on incidence of gastric cancer in 69 population groups has become available.<sup>11</sup>The 23-year unpublished personal study of six regions in Texas—covering 4 million people— Latin, Negro, and Anglo, also is available. The range is from a low incidence of cancer among Caucasian men; 7.9/100,000 persons for El Paso, Texas, to a high incidence, 95.3/
Silent latency periods in methylmercury poisoning and in neurodegenerative disease.
Authors: Bernard Weiss, Thomas W Clarkson, William Simon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

This article discusses three examples of delay (latency) in the appearance of signs and symptoms of poisoning after exposure to methylmercury. First, a case is presented of a 150-day delay period before the clinical manifestations of brain damage after a single brief (<1 day) exposure to dimethylmercury. The second example is taken from the Iraq outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in which the victims consumed contaminated bread for several weeks without any ill effects. Indeed, signs of poisoning did not appear until weeks or months after exposure stopped. The last example is drawn from observations on nonhuman primates and from the sequelae of the Minamata, Japan, outbreak in which low chronic doses of methylmercury may not have produced observable behavioral effects for periods of time measured in years. The mechanisms of these latency periods are discussed for both acute and chronic exposures. Parallels are drawn with other diseases that affect the central nervous system, such as Parkinson disease and post-polio syndrome, that also reflect the delayed appearance of central nervous system damage.
Iatrogenic Osteomalacia and Myopathy due to Phosphate Depletion
Authors: L. R. I. Baker, P. Ackrill, W. R. Cattell, T. C. B. Stamp, L. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a patient receiving regular dialysis prolonged hypophosphataemia due to aluminium hydroxide therapy resulted in osteomalacia and severe proximal myopathy. Both osteomalacia and myopathy responded to correction of hypophosphataemia without vitamin D therapy.
Pattern of growth and adiposity from infancy to adulthood in atopic dermatitis
Authors: J.A. Ellison, L. Patel, T. Kecojevic, P.J. Foster, T.J. David, P.E. Clayton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Impaired linear growth has been reported in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) but the pattern of growth in height and weight through childhood and adolescence has not been described.To define the pattern of linear growth and adiposity in AD from early childhood through to adult life.Growth measurements of 70 male and 40 female patients with AD followed through childhood and adolescence were studied retrospectively and compared with the 1990 U.K. normal values. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS). Regression analysis examined whether the mean trend was different from zero.While dermatitis was the predominant atopic problem in all 110 patients, 92 had a history of asthma which was mild in 85 of 92. Regression analyses showed that the trends in height, weight and BMI SDS for AD patients were significantly different from zero and also different between males and females. Both sexes were short and relatively overweight from early childhood, a trend that was more pronounced in males than females. At 5 years (school entry), the 50th centile BMI of male (but not female) patients was 0.44 kg m(-2) higher than the reference population but height and weight were lower. The age at adiposity rebound in AD males and females was 0.8 year and 0.7 year later than the U.K. population (6.2 years vs. 5.4 years and 6.2 years vs. 5.3 years, respectively). AD patients attained peak height velocity later than the 1990 U.K. population (males 16.0 years vs. 13.5 years, P = 0.0002; females 13.4 years vs. 11.0 years, P = 0.008). In addition, males had greater mean gain in height during late adolescence (12.2 vs. 8.8 cm, P = 0.03) and were shorter as young adults (170.9 vs. 177.6 cm, P = 0.0005).Our patients with AD were relatively overweight very early but had a later adiposity rebound, were short in childhood and had a delayed adolescent growth spurt. Serial growth measurements should be done on all children with troublesome AD and can be helpful in counselling about the growth prognosis.
Survey of Diabetes Professionals Regarding Developmental Changes in Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Tim Wysocki, Patricia Meinhold, Daniel J Cox, William L Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

There are no empirically obtained data defining appropriate developmental expectations for the acquisition of self-care independence by children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study surveyed diabetes professionals about their estimates of ages at which children typically master 38 diabetes skills. The 229 survey respondents represented a broad range of professions and clinical settings and had extensive experience as diabetes professionals. Mean mastery age estimates were less than 14 yr for the 38 skills assessed. Responses to each item were variable among respondents, with a mean SD of 2.1 yr in estimated mastery ages for all items. Estimated mastery ages were below the age ranges recommended by the American Diabetes Association for 14 of 20 comparable skills. Physicians generally expected the diabetes skills to be mastered at later ages than did nurses or other health-care professionals. There were no other consistent response patterns related to respondent characteristics, i.e., years of clinical experience, employment setting, current patient load, or method of survey distribution.
Review of clinical budgeting and costing experiments
Authors: I. Wickings, J. M Coles, R. Flux, L. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In 1979 the British Medical Journal published several articles,'seven by doctors and one by a nurse, on the theme "If I was forced to cut...." Five of the doctors included budgets for clinical teams in their proposals, and a sixth made some compatible suggestions.This may reflect a change of medical attitudes towards clinical budgets.British doctors should not associate clinical budgets solely with financial cutbacks because budgeting probably has advantages in a variety of economic climates.Experiments are in progress in the United States, Holland, France, and Sweden, as well as in the United Kingdom.In Britain clinical costing experiments are even more widespread and it seems timely to compare the two approaches.This paper reviews some recent experiments and they have little real control over the variable-that is, work load related-expenditures of their departments.The result is that clinical demands are seldom scrutinised; indeed, the functional department may sometimes benefit from increasing work loads by being better placed to gain more staff and equipment and thus larger budgets in an annually funded system such as the National Health Service.
EVOLUTION OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SUBMITTED TO ON-PUMP OR OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT IN MASS III TRIAL
Authors: Kamila F. Staszko, Whady Hueb, Eduardo Lima, Bruno Biselli, Rosa Maria Rahmi Garcia, Ricardo DO Vieira, Cibele Larrosa Garzillo, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Paulo Cury Rezende, Antonio Casella-Filho, Jose Ramires, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)