tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
pH of swimming pools.
Authors: H Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1976)

suggested by Mr Pearson and Miss Weaver, record many fewer movements per unit time than when they record for shorter periods.Presumably this is an effect of fatigue and reduced alertness.Recording during meals, conversation, reading, listening to music, etc, is not reliable.We instruct the women to assess and record each fetal movement for periods of 30-60 min three times a day.If the number of movements is less than three per hour the recording is continued for 6-12 hours in the day.From the sum of the movements recorded the rate per 12 hours-daily fetal movement recording (DFMR)-is calculated.Employing this method for a total of 1 5-3 hours a day the computed DFMR in 114 women with a normal outcome varied between 4 and 1440 per 12 hours.The majority of DFMRs were between 200 and 600 per 12 hours.In addition, the number of fetal movements recorded by an electromagnetic device' varied between 25 and 235 per hour.The patients recorded 87'. of the movements recorded by the device.These data indicate that DFMRs are higher when recording is made for short periods from which the 12-hour score is computed.(2) In 17 patients reduced fetal activity was observed, with 4-10 movements per 12 hours, yet the outcome was normal.This fact indi- cates that there is no significance in the number of the movements recorded provided that they are fairly constant.Only a definite decrease of the DFMR up to the cessation of movements, with normal heart beats, for at least 12 hours should require delivery of the fetus when it is viable.
Immediate sealing of arterial puncture sites after cardiac catheterization and coronary angioplasty using a biodegradable collagen plug: Results of an international registry
Authors: Sjef M.P.G. Ernst, R.Melvyn Tjonjoegin, Rainer Schräder, Martin Kaltenbach, Ulrich Sigwart, Timothy A. Sanborn, H.W.Thijs Plokker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Who's Who in Orthopedics
Authors: Andy Roche
Journal: BMJ (2005)

W hen I was a medical student doing my orthopaedic attachment in Liverpool, not so long ago, I was forever being asked by consultants, “Who was Abraham Colles?” and “Where did the Thomas Splint originate from?” There is nothing like a bit of humiliation and embarrassment to get a junior trainee reading. Even though you could get answers to these questions in some textbooks I have always felt that I do not know enough about the very people we talk about every day in …
ABC of oral health: Swellings and red, white, and pigmented lesions
Authors: C. Scully
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It is not unknown for people to discover and worry about oral lumps, but they usually first notice a lump because it becomes sore. Pathological causes include a range of different lesions, but neoplasms are most important (see earlier article). Mucocele in a typical site #### Causes of salivary gland swelling Most salivary swellings are caused by mucoceles in minor glands in the lower lip. These are best removed surgically. In the major glands salivary duct obstruction is more common, but sialadenitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and neoplasms are important causes to be excluded. It can be difficult to establish whether a salivary gland is genuinely swollen, especially in obese patients. A useful guide to whether a patient has parotid enlargement is to look for outward deflection of the ear lobe, which is seen in true parotid swelling. Management —Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but investigations such as serology for autoantibodies or HIV antibodies, liver function tests, and needle or open biopsy may be indicated. Treatment is of the underlying cause. #### Lesions which may present as lumps or swellings in the mouth Normal Developmental Inflammatory Traumatic Cystic Fibro-osseous Hormonal Drugs Blood dyscrasias Neoplasms Others Most red oral lesions are inflammatory in nature, but some are potentially malignant, especially erythroplasia. #### Causes of red lesions Widespread redness
916-86 Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Bypass Support (PCPS) for the Treatment of Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Unresponsive to Maximum Medical Therapy
Authors: Takahito Sone, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Junichiro Kondo, Shin Taga, Itsuro Morishima, Shinji Mokuno, Hiromi Sassa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Case of Hydatid Tumour of the Left Kidney Successfully Treated by Aspiration
Authors: J. B. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1877)

this left pleural effusion, there was every evidence of pericardial effu- sion, undulatory impulse, triangular-shaped dulness, the blunt apex of the triangle reaching as high as the second left interspace ; the heart's sounds were muffled; there was cessation of friction ; the respirations
Atrial natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure in the dog: plasma levels, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, ultrastructure of atrial myoendocrine cells, and hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects.
Authors: G A Riegger, D Elsner, E P Kromer, C Daffner, W G Forssmann, F Muders, E W Pascher, K Kochsiek
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In an animal preparation of congestive heart failure in the dog, during the development of cardiac failure due to rapid right ventricular pacing we observed significant decreases in cardiac output and arterial pressure and increases in pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressure. We also observed a related increase in right atrial pressure and increases in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP). Ultrastructure changes in the atrial myoendocrine cells indicated extreme stimulation of the secretory apparatus of ANP. The response of hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal variables was investigated after incremental infusions (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.06 microgram/kg/min) of exogenous ANP. In healthy animals ANP significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and right atrial pressure without changing heart rate or peripheral vascular resistance. As expected, we found a striking increase in urine flow and urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, magnesium and calcium and a smaller increase in potassium excretion. ANP suppressed renin secretion, and increased renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and filtration fraction. In dogs with heart failure ANP caused a small reduction in mean arterial pressure. No effect was seen on other hemodynamic variables or plasma renin concentration. The excretory effects on the kidneys were completely absent, and smaller increases in glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction were observed. We found no difference between healthy dogs and animals with heart failure with respect to the secretion of c-GMP during ANP infusions in relation to the plasma levels of ANP. This suggests an intracellular defect that prevents the mediation of the hormonal signal into biological action in the presence of heart failure.
Pulmonary Arterial Abnormalities in the Sudden-Infant-Death Syndrome
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The sudden-infant-death syndrome is the greatest single cause of death between one week and one year of age in the United States. In the current study, 40 such babies had 1.6 times as much muscle in their small pulmonary arteries as controls. Three quarters of this added muscle was due to hypertrophy, and the rest to hyperplasia of smooth-muscle fibers. Increased muscle at these sites is a characteristic consequence of chronic alveolar hypoxia. age-matched infants living at high altitude at the time of death had 2.3 times as much muscle in their small pulmonary arteries as the low-altitude controls. These findings are consistent with the recent observation that some victims of the syndrome have had periods of apnea before death. (N Engl J Med 289:1167–1170, 1973)
Cancer of the lung in women.
Authors: H R Harley
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A study from Wales of 132 women with cancer of the lung admitted consecutively during the five years 1964-68, and of 13 other women submitted to surgery at an earlier period, showed that the prognosis for women was worse than for men. Every woman except one was followed up for more than five years. Of the 132 women in the consecutive series only five survived for five years, while the five-year survival rate after resection in 35 women was less than one-half of that of men. The cause of the worse prognosis for women in Wales appears to be due to some sex-linked factor. It cannot be explained by the age of the patient or by the histology, location, early or resectability of the growth. The prognosis of cancer of the lung in English, French, and American women is considered. The relative incidence of the disease in women and men is discussed. Sex and nationality appear to be of importance, but the influence of tobacco and other atmospheric carcinogens is obscure.
Major and minor salivary gland swelling in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Authors: W Wray, C Scully, J Rennie, D K Mason, W C Love
Journal: BMJ (1980)

and nifedipine will not reduce after-load.Nevertheless, the negative inotropic effect may precipitate pulmonary oedema if the left ven- tricular end diastolic pressure is raised.Nifedipine should be avoided in the presence of a fixed obstruction to left ventricular ejection and raised ventricular diastolic pressures.Anonymous.Drug treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.
Congestion of the Eyeball in a Case of Disease of the Pons
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1868)

IN November z86s, a case of extensive and suddenly fatal lhmoptysis occurred to one of my hospital patients, and in searching at the post mortem examination for the source of the hemorrhage, there was dis- covered a small and ruptured aneurism of a branch of the pulmonary artery in its passage through a vomica.This case was reported in the hospital records of the Medical Times and Gaette of January 13th, i 866.
Persistence of Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jacob S. Margolis, Katrina Abuabara, Warren Bilker, Ole Hoffstad, David J. Margolis
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common illness of childhood.To evaluate the natural history of AD and determine the persistence of symptoms over time.A cross-sectional and cohort study of a nation-wide long-term registry of children with AD enrolled in the Pediatric Eczema Elective Registry (PEER).Self-reported outcome of whether a child's skin was AD symptom-free for 6 months at 6-month intervals.A total of 7157 patients were enrolled in the PEER study for a total of 22,550 person-years. At least 2 years of follow-up were observed for 4248 children and at least 5 years of follow-up were observed for 2416 children. Multiple demographic and exposure variables were associated with more persistent AD. At every age (ie, 2-26 years), more than 80% of PEER participants had symptoms of AD and/or were using medication to treat their AD. It was not until age 20 years that 50% of patients had at least 1 lifetime 6-month symptom- and treatment-free period.Based on this large longitudinal cohort study, symptoms associated with AD seem to persist well into the second decade of a child's life and likely longer. Atopic dermatitis is probably a life-long illness.
American Psychological Association rejects demand to reopen complaint against Guantanamo Bay psychologist
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The American Psychological Association (APA) has endorsed the decision of its ethics committee to close a complaint against a psychologist who had been charged with overseeing coercive interrogations of prisoners at the US Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

The association’s board of directors issued the statement in response to a call by the Coalition for Ethical Psychology for a review of the ethics committee’s decision.

The coalition, which is made up of organizations that oppose the participation of psychologists in prisoner abuse and torture, said that the APA, in deciding not to take disciplinary action “has backed away …
Diagnostic efficiency of troponin T measurements in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: H A Katus, A Remppis, F J Neumann, T Scheffold, K W Diederich, G Vinar, A Noe, G Matern, W Kuebler
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of a newly developed troponin T enzyme immunoassay for the detection of acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS The study comprised 388 patients admitted with chest pain and suspected myocardial infarction and 101 patients with skeletal muscle damage and additional suspected myocardial cell damage. Troponin T was elevated to more than twice the analytical sensitivity of the assay (0.5 microgram/l) in all patients with non-Q wave (range, 1.2-5 micrograms/l) and Q wave infarction (range, 3-220 micrograms/l). Troponin T appeared in serum as early as 3 hours after onset of pain in 50% of the patients and remained elevated in all patients for more than 130 hours, revealing release kinetics of both free cytosolic and structurally bound molecules. The diagnostic efficiency of troponin T was superior to that of creatine kinase-MB (98% versus 97%) and remained at 98% until 5.5 days after admission, if patients with unstable angina were excluded from analysis. In the 79 patients with unstable angina, troponin T was elevated (range, 0.55-3.1 micrograms/l) in at least one blood sample from each of 37 patients (56%). Circulating troponin T was correlated to the presence of reversible ST segment or T wave changes on the electrocardiogram (p less than 0.005) and to the frequency of in-hospital complications. In the 101 patients with skeletal muscle damage and suspected additional cardiac muscle damage, troponin T was the most useful test; its efficiency was 89% or 94% (depending on the discriminator value used) as compared with 63% for creatine kinase-MB. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the data of the study indicate that the newly developed troponin T test improves the efficiency of serodiagnostic tools for the detection of myocardial cell necrosis as compared with conventionally used cardiac enzymes.
Use of Radioactive Fibrinogen for Detecting Rejection of Human Renal Transplants
Authors: J. R. Salaman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Radioactive (125)I-labelled human fibrinogen was given to 11 recipients of cadaveric renal transplants and the radioactivity of the transplant was measured with a scintillation counter. In the six patients with no increase in radioactivity over the transplants there was no evidence of rejection. The five patients with an increased transplant radioactivity all had other evidence of rejection at that time. In one patient the test detected rejection in the absence of any other signs, and this result was afterwards confirmed by renal biopsy. The test in one patient was invalidated by haemorrhage occurring from the site of a renal biopsy, and other possible errors in the test may arise.It is suggested that the technique may have particular value in recipients with delayed function of their transplants, but may also be useful in patients with functioning transplants in helping to confirm the diagnosis of rejection suspected on other grounds.
Peripheral chemoresponses of infants measured by a minimally invasive method utilizing two-breath alternations in Fl,02
Authors: DA Thomas, K Poole, EK McArdle, CS Beardsmore, PC Goodenough, J Thompson, H Simpson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to develop a minimally invasive and reliable method for measuring peripheral chemoresponsiveness to oxygen in infants, and to establish baseline data from normal infants at 12 weeks of age. Two-breath alternations in fractional inspired oxygen (FI,O2), switching between 0.42 to 0.00 were given for 2 min periods via a face mask (held close to the face but without contact) to 18 healthy infants during quiet sleep. End-tidal oxygen concentrations alternated between 21 and 11%. Instantaneous minute ventilation (V'E) and its components tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR) inspiratory and expiratory times (tI and tE), inspiratory flow (VT/tT), and inspiratory duty cycle (tI/ttot) were measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography. Two-breath alternations in each of the ventilatory components were matched with the corresponding alternating end-tidal oxygen record and compared with contiguous pre- and post-test data obtained in control periods of air breathing. Alternations in all ventilatory components except fR changed significantly during FI,O2 alternations; VT 26%, tE-8%, VT/tI 18%, tI/ttot 11% and V'E 28% of baseline values. Within and between infant variances are reported for the individual components of ventilation. Differences among infants were best detected by alternations in V'E; within infant variance 76, between infant variance 171. We conclude that the test described is a safe, reliable and relatively easily applied method of measuring peripheral chemoresponsiveness, which is suitable for clinical application in infancy.
EXPERIENCE OF AN AMERICAN PHYSICIAN IN MEXICO.
Authors: D. H. GALLOWAY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In March, 1893, I received the appointment of assistant surgeon in the service of the Mexican Central Railroad. This road extends from El Paso, Texas, to the City of Mexico, a distance of about twelve hundred miles. The main line and branches make about two thousand miles of road operated by this company. Every employe contributes a certain portion of his wages to the support of the medical department. This consists of a chief surgeon, with headquarters at Aguascalientes, and ten assistant surgeons. There are four hospitals—at Chihuahua, Aguascalientes, the City of Mexico and Tampico. An assistant surgeon is assigned to each, and the others are stationed at intervals along the road. Cases that can be moved and that require hospital treatment are sent to the hospital most convenient to the scene of accident. Should patients desire it, they may be treated in their own homes, but in that case
Treatment of bone disease after jejunoileal bypass for obesity with oral 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: J E Compston, L W Horton, M F Laker, A L Merrett, J S Woodhead, J C Gazet, T R Pilkington
Journal: Gut (1980)

The effects of oral 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 have been investigated in 12 patients with bone disease after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Bone histology became normal or improved greatly after four to 12 months9 treatment in eight patients but showed little change or worsened in four. There was a significant rise in plasma calcium and fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase concentration with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in the patients with a good histological response. Administration of metronidazole and cotrimoxazole to two patients who had failed to respond to 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in clinical and biochemical improvement; in one of these patients histological improvement was also documented. It is concluded that oral 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 can be effective in healing post-bypass bone disease; the failure of some patients to respond may be related to bacterial contamination of the small intestine and in those patients antibiotics may also be indicated.
Abstract 3581: Characterization of human breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib
Authors: Antonella De Luca, Stefania Faraso, Amelia D'Alessio, Marianna Gallo, Luana Lamura, Monica R. Maiello, Nicola Normanno
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the ErbB-2 receptor are co-expressed in a subset of breast carcinomas that show a more aggressive phenotype. The dual EGFR/ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib has been recently approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients whose tumors overexpress ErbB-2. We investigated the mechanisms of acquired resistance to lapatinib in breast cancer cells. For this purpose, we used as model the SK-Br-3 human breast carcinoma cell line that express high levels of ErbB-2, and moderate levels of EGFR and ErbB-3. We selected lapatinib-resistant SK-Br-3 cells by stepwise dose escalation of lapatinib. After six months of selection, we isolated SK-Br-3 cells that were able to grow in 1 μM lapatinib. The IC50 of lapatinib for parental SK-Br-3 cells was 140 nM, whereas the IC50 for the lapatinib-resistant SK-Br-3 derived cell line (Lap-R) was &amp;gt; 4 μM. Treatment with lapatinib significantly inhibited the activation of EGFR, ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 in both parental and Lap-R SK-Br-3 cells. However, following treatment with lapatinib, Lap-R cells showed a persistent activation of AKT and MAPK, which in contrast were completely inhibited in parental SK-Br-3 cells, as measured by both western blotting and a Luminex-based phosphoprotein array. In addition, treatment with lapatinib produced a slight activation of c-Src in parental cells, whereas significant levels of c-Src activation were detected in Lap-R cells cultured in presence of lapatinib. Lap-R cells also showed higher levels of expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR-4 than parental cells. In agreement with these findings, Lap-R cells showed a significantly higher ability to invade a matrigel-coated membrane as compared with parental SK-Br-3 cells, as measured with a Boyden-chamber based colorimetric invasion assay. Preliminary findings demonstrate that inhibition of c-Src with the selective src kinase inhibitor saracatinib produces a more significant inhibition of Lap-R cell invasion as compared with parental SK-Br-3 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of c-Src signalling might play a role in acquired resistance to lapatinib in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3581
Cellular responses to DNA damage.
Authors: G C Walker, L Marsh, L Dodson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

For many years, the study of the regulation of the SOS network was complicated by both the complexities of the responses and the interrelationships of the key regulatory elements. However, recently the application of powerful genetic and molecular biological techniques has allowed us to gain a detailed picture of the regulation of this complex network. The network is now known to consist of more than 17 genes, each of which is repressed by the LexA protein. Induction of the genes in the SOS network occurs when the RecA protein becomes activated in response to a signal generated by DNA damage. Two of the genes in this network, umuD and umuC, are absolutely required for mutagenesis by UV and various carcinogens. The umuD and umuC genes have molecular weights of 16,000 and 45,000 daltons, respectively, and are organized in an operon repressed by LexA. The mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101 carries two genes mucA and mucB, which are analogs of the umuD and umuC genes, respectively.
Guidance on minimally important clinical difference and trial size is needed
Authors: J. A. Cook, C. R. Ramsay, L. D. Vale
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The authors of a randomised controlled trial that compared surgical intervention with rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain reported a statistically significant difference of less than 10 points in the Oswestry disability index between groups.1 They concluded that it “did not clearly exceed the pre-specified minimally important …