tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resident-to-Resident Violent Incidents in Nursing Homes
Authors: Tomoko Shinoda-Tagawa, Ralph Leonard, Jean Pontikas, John E. McDonough, Donna Allen, Paul I. Dreyer
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Little is known about nursing home residents' injuries that are inflicted by other residents.To assess risk factors for violent injury to nursing home residents by other residents.Case-control study using data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health's Complaint and Incident Reporting System and from Minimum Data Set assessments for Massachusetts nursing home residents. Cases had an injury sustained from an incident with another nursing home resident between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, which left visible evidence (ie, fracture, dislocation, bruise or hematoma, laceration, and reddened area) (median age, 81 years). Controls were randomly selected from all residents who had a Minimum Data Set assessment completed in 2000 (n = 101 429) and no injury report (median age, 83 years). A total of 1994 controls were included in the analyses.Injury type and risk of being injured by resident-to-resident aggressive physical behaviors based on the specific characteristics of the injured resident.During the first incident, 294 residents sustained fractures (n = 39), dislocations (n = 6), bruises or hematomas (n = 105), lacerations (n = 113), and reddened areas (n = 31). Injured residents (cases) were more likely to be cognitively impaired, exhibit symptoms of wandering, be verbally abusive, and have socially inappropriate behavior than the controls. Residents who were classified as needing extensive assistance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.6) and being severely dependent (AOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.27) had a significant reduction in being injured. Residents in an Alzheimer disease unit were almost 3 times as likely to be injured than those living in other units (AOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.5).Injured residents were more likely, perhaps unknowingly, to "put themselves in harm's way," be verbally aggressive, and be cognitively impaired. Interventions to prevent these incidents should focus on the behavior of the injured persons.
Changes in Hospital Mortality Associated with Residency Work-Hour Regulations
Authors: Kanaka D. Shetty, Jayanta Bhattacharya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: In 2002, the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education enacted regulations, effective 1 July 2003, that limited work hours for all residency programs in the United States. Objective: To determine whether work-hour regulations were associated with changes in mortality in hospitalized patients. Design: Comparison of mortality rates in high-risk teaching service patients hospitalized before and after July 2003, with nonteaching service patients used as a control group. Setting: 551 U.S. community hospitals included in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Survey between January 2001 and December 2004. Patients: 1 511 945 adult patients admitted for 20 medical and 15 surgical diagnoses. Measurement: Inpatient mortality. Results: In 1 268 738 medical patients examined, the regulations were associated with a 0.25% reduction in the absolute mortality rate (P = 0.043) and a 3.75% reduction in the relative risk for death. In subgroup analyses, particularly large improvements in mortality were observed among patients admitted for infectious diseases (change, −0.66%; P = 0.007) and in medical patients older than 80 years of age (change, −0.71%; P = 0.005). By contrast, in 243 207 surgical patients, regulations were not associated with statistically significant changes (change, 0.13%; P = 0.54). Limitations: Teaching status was assigned according to hospital characteristics because direct information on each patient's provider was not available. Results reflect changes associated with the sum of regulations, not specifically with caps on work hours. Conclusions: The work-hour regulations were associated with decreased short-term mortality among high-risk medical patients in teaching hospitals but were not associated with statistically significant changes among surgical patients in teaching hospitals.
CPR for Patients Labeled DNR: The Role of the Limited Aggressive Therapy Order
Authors: Niteesh K. Choudhry, Sujit Choudhry, Peter A. Singer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Patients who sustain a cardiac arrest have a less than 20% chance of surviving to hospital discharge. Patients may request do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders if they believe that their chances for a meaningful recovery after cardiopulmonary arrest are low. However, in some identifiable circumstances, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has a higher chance of success and lower likelihood of neurologic impairment. The probability of survival from a cardiac arrest influences patients' wishes regarding resuscitation; thus, when CPR has a higher likelihood of success, patients' expressed preferences for treatment as contained within a DNR order may not accurately reflect their intended goals. Patients should be offered the option of consenting to CPR for higher-success situations, including a witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest in which the initial cardiac rhythm is ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, cardiac arrest in the operating room, and cardiac arrest resulting from a readily identifiable iatrogenic cause. This new level of resuscitation could be called a limited aggressive therapy order.
Late Persistent Increased Putaminal 18F-DOPA Uptake Following Ipsilateral Frontal Resection
Authors: Giovanni Morana, Arnoldo Piccardo, Maria Luisa Garrè, Flavio Nobili, Andrea Rossi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We report the finding of late persistent increased putaminal F-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) uptake following resection of a high-grade glioma involving the lateral portion of the ipsilateral precentral gyrus. Brain MRI findings were consistent with secondary putaminal degeneration. This F-DOPA PET phenomenon possibly represents elevated presynaptic dopamine function secondary to upregulation of the amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity, as a compensatory mechanism in response to cortical injury. In the setting of brain tumor surveillance, focal increased striatal F-DOPA uptake should be carefully interpreted in light of MRI findings and pathological changes related to corticostriatal connections.
Coronary Artery Disease in Women: What All Physicians Need To Know
Authors: Richard M. Steingart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 December 1999Coronary Artery Disease in Women: What All Physicians Need To KnowRichard M. Steingart, MDRichard M. Steingart, MDWinthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York. (Steingart)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-11-199912070-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Charney P. 632 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 1999. $43.00. ISBN 0943126681. Order phone 800-523-1546, ext. 2600.Field of medicine: Internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, and women's health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Cardiologists, internists, students, and specialists in women's health.Purpose: To review all important aspects of coronary artery disease, with an emphasis on differences based on sex, age, and ethnicity.Content: The 22 chapters of this multiauthored book present nearly encyclopedic coverage of the subject. The introduction offers a scholarly overview and excellent synthesis of the key issues in coronary artery disease in women. Sections on prevention, diagnosis, and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York. (Steingart) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical journals’ conflicts of interest in the publication of book reviews 7 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 11Page: 872KeywordsCardiology and cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseExerciseObstetrics and gynecologyPregnancyRacial and ethnic issuesSoftware toolsStable coronary artery diseaseValvular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EXTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY: CASES OF UNUSUAL TYPE.
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Many years ago physicians recognized extrauterine pregnancy and some patients actually recovered after ordinary treatment. Sometimes even then the diagnosis was made before rupture, and physicians treated these patients by killing the fetus with electricity, or morphin was injected into the sac and thus the life of the embryo was destroyed. Physicians then found patients with vague histories in whom inflammation would take place, and in the course of time an abscess would break into the rectum, bladder, or vagina, and fetal bones would pass. The physician then knew that he had a case of extrauterine pregnancy that had become infected and produced the symptoms that he was called on to treat. With the advancement of abdominal surgery cases of extrauterine pregnancy were found during abdominal section. With the gradual development of pelvic surgery physicians were able to diagnosticate ruptured extrauterine pregnancy and by prompt operation could save a life.
Computers in Medicine: A survey of decision aids for clinicians
Authors: D W Young
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Inconsistency in applying medical knowledge is a major reason for varying standards of medical care. Five types of aid have been introduced into medicine to help decision-making: questionnaires, algorithms, database systems, diagnostic systems, and, finally, computer-based decision-support systems. Of these, the most effective act as reminder or prompt systems to assist doctors without threatening their clinical freedom.
Trauma, Sepsis, and Shock: The Physiological Basis of Therapy
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This is a volume for those who wish to know and understand as much as possible about "shock" and the treatment of its various aspects. Trauma and sepsis are discussed only in relation to shock and not to specific injuries or infections. The wealth of current information assembled in the 18 chapters will satisfy the most intellectually curious, guide and support those working in the field, stimulate fresh understanding, and offer much more content than the average practicing physician looks for in day-to-day references. This volume is not designed to prepare aspirants for examinations or to offer therapeutic outlines for weary residents in the middle of the night. Editor Clowes has assembled a group of distinguished contributors, most of whom are or were associated with Boston medical centers, which have long been noted for outstanding work in the variegated arena of shock, beginning with the classic studies of Walter B.
Met, the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, Localizes to the Nucleus in Cells at Low Density
Authors: Sharon Pozner-Moulis, Derek J. Pappas, David L. Rimm
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Some breast cancer cases in our previous immunohistochemical studies show Met expression in the nucleus. Given nuclear localization of other receptor tyrosine kinases, we proceeded to investigate Met. Nuclear Met is seen in numerous cell lines and in germinal regions of many tissues using four unique antibodies. Cell fractionation reveals a 60-kDa band recognized by COOH-terminal Met antibodies that is present independent of hepatocyte growth factor treatment. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins of the cytoplasmic domain of Met transfected into HEK293 cells are found in the nucleus whereas the full-length Met-GFP fusion is membranous. Further deletions of the Met-GFP fusions identify a region of the juxtamembrane domain required for nuclear translocation. In a CaCo2 cell line model for epithelial maturation, we find that Met is initially nuclear, and then becomes membranous, after confluence. This work suggests processing of the Met receptor, analogous to ErbB4, resulting in the release of the cytoplasmic domain and its translocation to the nucleus in cells at low density.
Removal of the Entire Body of the Scapula, for Sarcomatous Degeneration of its Structure
Authors: A. G. Walter
Journal: BMJ (1858)

ORIGINAL OOMMUNCATION.(m3an= MOAL JOuIAza.opeation, but be oould only perform it in those cases in which he obtained the consent of his patient.With the use of an anasthetic, which he can confidently recommend on all occa- sons, however, he is able to perform almost every operation he recommends, and at the time, also, when it is most ad- visable.It would, moreover, be very inconsistent to confine the em.
Repeated Blood Donations and Erythropoietin Levels-Reply
Authors: Jerry L. Spivak
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Dr Kempen for his comments concerning our article on the effect of repeated blood donations on serum immunoreactive erythropoietin, but refute his contention concerning possible methodological artifacts in our study. Contrary to Dr Kempen's statements, none of our patients deposited blood at three-day intervals over a short period of time. Rather, they deposited blood at weekly intervals for as long as their hematocrits permitted, according to the American Association of Blood Banks' guidelines. We found initially that most donors could not tolerate a three-day interval phlebotomy schedule, as they became rapidly anemic even though iron replete and while taking iron supplementation. Consequently, we switched to a weekly phlebotomy schedule, and having thus satisfied the criterion established by Dr Kempen, it is clear that our data contain no methodological artifacts. In fact, they essentially recapitulate an extensive study<sup>1</sup>of the effect of repeated weekly phlebotomies,
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Cancer Genes in Advanced Stage Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Marco Lo Iacono, Valentina Monica, Luisella Righi, Federica Grosso, Roberta Libener, Simona Vatrano, Paolo Bironzo, Silvia Novello, Loredana Musmeci, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti, Giorgio V. Scagliotti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Unusual Presentation of Extraosseous Metastases on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Wanying Xie, Ajit Kumar Padhy, Wai Yin Wong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Osteosarcoma metastases frequently occur in the lungs or the skeleton. Bone scans play an important role in disease staging by identifying other skip areas of skeletal involvement as well as extraosseous metastases. We report a case of aggressive osteosarcoma, with bone metastases and extraosseous areas of involvement in the lungs, distant lymph nodes, and peritoneal and subcutaneous metastasis seen in a preoperative Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. These findings were confirmed with histology and correlative cross-sectional imaging.
Effectiveness of the public health policy for breast cancer screening in Finland: population based cohort study
Authors: M. Hakama, E. Pukkala, M. Heikkila, M. Kallio
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of screening for breast cancer as a public health policy. <b>Design:</b> Follow up in 1987-92 of Finnish women invited to join the screening programme in 1987-9 and of the control women (balanced by age and matched by municipality of residence), who were not invited to the service screening. <b>Setting:</b> Finland. <b>Subjects:</b> Of the Finnish women born in 1927-39, 89 893 women invited for screening and 68 862 controls were followed; 1584 breast cancers were diagnosed. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rate ratio of deaths from breast cancer among the women invited for screening to deaths among those not invited. <b>Results:</b> There were 385 deaths from breast cancer, of which 127 were among the 1584 incident cases in 1987-92. The rate ratio of death was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.53 to 1.09). The effect was larger and significant (0.56; 0.33 to 0.95) among women aged under 56 years at entry. 20 cancers were prevented (one death prevented per 10 000 screens). <b>Conclusions:</b> A breast screening programme can achieve a similar effect on mortality as achieved by the trials for breast cancer screening. However, it may be difficult to justify a screening programme as a public health policy on the basis of the mortality reduction only. Whether to run a screening programme as a public health policy also depends on its effects on the quality of life of the target population and what the resources would be used for if screening was not done. Given all the different dimensions in the effect, mammography based breast screening is probably justifiable as a public health policy. <h3>Key messages</h3> Several countries have a breast cancer screening programme, but none has yet reported this as resulting in a reduction of breast cancer mortality This study shows that a breast cancer screening programme can achieve similar reduction in mortality to that seen in randomised trials Effects on quality of life, cost of breast cancer screening, and the alternative use of resources should affect the decision whether to introduce a screening programme
Heroin users worldwide need 15 times more aid for HIV prevention, report says
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Millions of heroin users around the world are at unnecessary risk of HIV and other infections because donors are underfunding projects to reduce harm in these groups.

That is the conclusion of a report published this week by the International Harm Reduction Association. Harm reduction projects supply clean syringes, heroin substitutes, and outreach.

On the basis of an epidemiological assessment the report recommends that philanthropic organisations spend a fifth of HIV prevention budgets on harm reduction among drug users.

“The amount being spent is pretty appalling. About 15-20 times more is needed to have any effect,” said Gerry Stimson, lead author of …
Commentaries on this month's Controversy articles
Authors: P K MOORE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Commentaries on this month's Controversy articles Get access P K MOORE P K MOORE Pharmacology Group, King's College, Manresa Rd, London SW3, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2282–2283, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2282a Published: 01 December 1993
Glomerular Capillary Thrombosis and Acute Renal Failure after Epsilon-Amino Caproic Acid Therapy
Authors: Chaim Charytan, David Purtilo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

WITH increased awareness of the hemorrhagic syndromes produced by spontaneous intravascular coagulation or fibrinolysis, there has been increased use of epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA, Amicar) as a therapeutic agent. This, in turn, has led to recognition of a number of its toxic side effects.1 , 2 Hypotension, one of its known side effects,1 , 2 could produce acute tubular necrosis and thus precipitate acute renal failure. Intraureteral clot formation, reported after the use of EACA for treatment of hematuria in patients with hemophilia,1 2 3 if bilateral could also result in anuria and renal failure. The following case illustrates the development of oliguria and renal failure . . .
A History of Recurrent Positive Selection at the Toll-Like Receptor 5 in Primates
Authors: Gabriela Wlasiuk, Soofia Khan, William M. Switzer, Michael W. Nachman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Many genes involved in immunity evolve rapidly. It remains unclear, however, to what extent pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system in vertebrates are subject to recurrent positive selection imposed by pathogens, as suggested by studies in Drosophila, or whether they are evolutionarily constrained. Here, we show that Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a member of the Toll-like receptor family of innate immunity genes that responds to bacterial flagellin, has undergone a history of adaptive evolution in primates. We have identified specific residues that have changed multiple times, sometimes in parallel in primates, and are thus likely candidates for selection. Most of these changes map to the extracellular leucine-rich repeats involved in pathogen recognition, and some are likely to have an effect on protein function due to the radical nature of the amino acid substitutions that are involved. These findings suggest that vertebrate PRRs might show similar patterns of evolution to Drosophila PRRs, in spite of the acquisition of the more complex and specific vertebrate adaptive immune system. At shorter timescales, however, we found no evidence of adaptive evolution in either humans or chimpanzees. In fact, we found that one mutation that abolishes TLR5 function is present at high frequencies in many human populations. Patterns of variation indicate that this mutation is not young, and its high frequency suggests some functional redundancy for this PRR in humans.
Hyperkalemic Familial Periodic Paralysis.
Authors: F. S. Armstrong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Hyperkalemic Familial Periodic Paralysis.F. S. ArmstrongF. S. ArmstrongSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-696_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHyperkalemic familial periodic paralysis (adynamia episodica hereditaria) is a hereditary disorder manifested by recurrent paralysis with hyperkalemia, rather than hypokalemia which is seen in classical familial periodic paralysis. A family with 11 affected members in three generations was reviewed, and one of the members, a 20-year-old male, was studied in some detail. Paralysis characteristically occurs during rest after physical exertion but can occur without preceding physical activity. Potassium administration can provoke paralytic attacks, and hunger often intensifies the degree of paralysis. The onset is usually during the first decade of life but can be later. The paralytic attacks are generally... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. S. ArmstrongAffiliations: (MC) Augusta, Ga. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 696-696KeywordsExerciseParalysisPotassium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
TH1-mediated airway hyperresponsiveness independent of neutrophilic inflammation
Authors: Junqing Cui, Stephen Pazdziorko, Joy S. Miyashiro, Paresh Thakker, Jeffrey W. Pelker, Charlene DeClercq, Aiping Jiao, Jason Gunn, Lawrence Mason, John P. Leonard, Cara M.M. Williams, Suzana Marusic
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans
Authors: Helder I Nakaya, Jens Wrammert, Eva K Lee, Luigi Racioppi, Stephanie Marie-Kunze, W Nicholas Haining, Anthony R Means, Sudhir P Kasturi, Nooruddin Khan, Gui-Mei Li, Megan McCausland, Vibhu Kanchan, Kenneth E Kokko, Shuzhao Li, Rivka Elbein, Aneesh K Mehta, Alan Aderem, Kanta Subbarao, Rafi Ahmed, Bali Pulendran
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Problems and perspective in epidemiological study of occupational health hazards in the rubber industry.
Authors: T F Mancuso
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

An epidemiological analysis of the problems in the study of companies engaged in the manufacture of rubber products in different countries and in different time periods is given. Selected findings on cancer of gallbladder and biliary system, cancer of the lung, and tumors of the central nervous system among rubber workers are presented.