tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AND RADIATION ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSES OF THE MOUSE
Authors: Alan C. Aisenberg, Caroline Murray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide easily induces specific immunological tolerance in CBA mice, but is unable to produce an immunological defect in adult thymectomized animals. In contrast, lethal (and sublethal) irradiation does not induce tolerance but readily brings out the deficit of thymectomy. Furthermore, bone marrow cells which protect lethally irradiated animals do not prevent drug deaths. This sharp dichotomy indicates that the drug and radiation influence the lymphoid system by different mechanisms. It seems likely from the work of others that cyclophosphamide action is markedly dependent on rapid cell proliferation, while radiation is not. From this it follows that the cell which must be depleted to expose the immune defect of the thymectomized animal is a nonproliferating lymphoid element with the slow mitotic rate of the marrow stem cell.
BILATERAL THROMBOSIS OF ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY-Reply
Authors: Judah Marmor
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Note.—  This letter was referred to the authors, who reply:  To the Editor:—  In the writing of our report Dr. Sapirstein and I had seriously weighed the question of whether or not the polycythemia had been a significant predisposing factor for the thrombosis and after thorough consideration had come to the conclusion that it had not. Our opinion was based chiefly on the fact that the hematocrit test was within normal limits, which is not the case  true polycythemia. This seemed to indicate that we were dealing merely with a high normal blood count of no particular pathogenic significance, and we concluded, therefore, that the advanced cerebral arteriosclerosis was the important predisposing factor  our case.  Nevertheless, we would agree that the statement expressed by your correspondent is a valid one, namely that in elderly persons with polycythemia, carotid sinus stimulation should be performed with caution. We would
Evaluation of Four Commercial Automatic Endoscope Washing Machines
Authors: B. Hurley
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Reply to the Letter of Mr. HurleyEndoscopy 1993; 25(04): 315-315DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010330 See also: Evaluation of Four Commercial Automatic Endoscope Washing MachinesEndoscopy 1992; 24(09): 766-770DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010579
Production and Use of Biological Weapons: Need for International Sanctions?
Authors: Milton Leitenberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Offical US government assessments indicate that from 1972 through 1975, when the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) was signed and came into force, 4 countries in the world had biological weapons (BW) development programs. In the 1990s, that number is around 10 and includes China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Syria, and Taiwan, with the status of the BW programs that existed in the past in Russia and South Africa ambiguous at present.<sup>1-6</sup>It is not clear exactly how many of these nations are currently producing or stockpiling BW agents, but apparently 2 or 3 (possibly China, Iran, and Iraq) may be.<sup>1-6</sup>Of particular significance is the fact that several of these 10 nations are signatories of the BWC, which prohibits both the development and production of BW. There was no serious international response to the use of chemical weapons by Iraq against
Hot Tub Hygiene
Authors: Carlotta M. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The emergence of<i>Pseudomonas</i>urinary tract infections and pneumonia related to whirlpool bath exposure, as Salmen, Rose, and their respective colleagues report in this week'sJOURNAL(pp 2025 and 2027), is indeed new. What is not new is that the skin infection<i>Pseudomonas</i>folliculitis has been clearly linked to exposure to inadequately filtered and chlorinated hot bath waters. A flurry of epidemiologic studies in the late 1970s validated the observation that<i>Pseudomonas</i>folliculitis was contracted from contaminated whirlpools.<sup>1-3</sup>By 1981, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, saw the public health hazard potential and established standards for maintenance of proper pH, chlorination, and filtration of hot tubs.<sup>4</sup> The whirlpool environment differs dramatically from the static water of swimming pools, explaining why the bacteriainduced folliculitis clinically surfaced with the popularity of spas. Water is mechanically agitated by circulation through pressurized jets. This turbulence, in addition to the increased concentration
Book Review Rationing America's Medical Care: The Oregon plan and beyond (Brookings Dialogues on Public Policy.) Edited by Martin A. Strosberg, Joshua M. Wiener, and Robert Baker, with I. Alan Fein. 238 pp. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 1992. $12.95. ISBN 0–8157–8197–0 .
Authors: Harry P. Selker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa
Authors: A A Poltera
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Professor L J Bruce-Chwatt successfully underlined the complexity of the problem of drug-resistant malaria and showed that some conflicting opinions exist among members of the medical profession regarding the antimalarial drugs to be used for chemoprophylaxis.Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Africa, especially in East Africa, must be recognised as an established fact.It has been found
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION DEFECTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING 256-ROW CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY: VALIDATION WITH SPECT
Authors: Ronen Rubinshtein, Ohad Hochner, Tamar Gaspar, sara gips, Nathan Peled, David Halon, Basil Lewis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Increased matrix concentrations of IGFBP-5 in cancellous bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: C A Sharp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

In osteoarthritis cancellous bone adapts to meet altered mechanical loading. These changes may be mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), but the matrix bound binding protein, IGFBP-5 has not been investigated.To measure IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-5 in femoral head bone from non-OA controls and patients with OA, and to relate these to apparent density (rhoA) and elastic modulus (Ec).rhoA, Ec, and IGF system components were measured in cancellous bone from superior and inferior regions of femoral heads from 31 patients with OA and 11 age selected controls.Ec and rhoA were greater (p<0.05) in the superior region of all femoral heads. In primary OA, rhoA was increased in the inferior region (p<0.05). IGFBP-5 was increased, about twofold, at superior and inferior regions in primary OA (1.60 and 1.54 ng/mg bone, respectively, both p<0.05) and in Paget's disease (2.44 and 1.75 ng/mg bone, both p<0.05) compared with controls (0.73 and 0.95 ng/mg bone). In controls, inverse correlations between IGFBP-5 and both rhoA and Ec at superior (rs = -0.64 and -0.73, both p<0.05) and inferior regions (rs = -0.72, p<0.05 and -0.24 (NS)) were seen, but these were lost in OA.IGFBP-5 may modulate cancellous bone formation by negative feedback. In end stage OA this is disrupted, but has little influence on material properties.
Management of Chronic Pain
Authors: Arthur M. Gershkoff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  While nalbuphine may be worthy of consideration as an appropriate analgesic for certain patients, Dr Defalque's1discussion of the use of that drug in injectable form for chronic, intractable nonmalignant pain in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section was inadequate. Presuming that the patient indeed has tissue damage and can respond to the agent pharmacologically is not enough. Dr Leveque must be asked whether other medical, psychological, social, and behavioral factors exist that serve to perpetuate this patient's pain.  Behavioral factors are particularly important given the perceived lack of alternatives to injectable medication and the dosing interval of nalbuphine. While nalbuphine may have low potential for abuse, the patient may be psychologically dependent on the injections themselves. Injections cause a rapid increase in blood levels of medication and resultant analgesia. If they are not spaced closely enough together so as to maintain near-constant blood levels of
Cangrelor — A Champion Lost in Translation?
Authors: Adnan Kastrati, Gjin Ndrepepa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Current guidelines recommend the early use of drugs that block platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 in patients with acute coronary syndromes in whom percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be performed.1 PCI is ultimately performed in 60 to 70% of patients with acute coronary syndromes who undergo diagnostic coronary angiography.2,3 The remaining patients are treated either medically or with urgent coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). An ideal ADP-receptor antagonist has to be potent and have a rapid onset and offset of antiplatelet action. The thienopyridines, clopidogrel and prasugrel, are ADP-receptor antagonists that have been approved by the Food and . . .
Hammersmith Cardiology Workshop Series
Authors: Milton Mendlowitz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A variety of subjects in cardiology are covered, some of which include arrhythmias, pacing, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, angina pectoris, valve replacement, endocarditis, thrombolytic therapy of coronary occlusion, and radioisotopic ventricular studies. Most of the individual papers are well written, some better than others. Clinical and technical experience, more than research achievements, is emphasized. Nevertheless, controversial aspects and the unknown are frequently discussed. As might be expected from the title, the authors are preponderantly British, with a token representation from continental Europe and the United States. This book exemplifies a trend in medical publishing that should be examined critically. Such books are never written by a single author. One or two physicians in a field edit such a volume. This is done, as in this case, by bringing together individuals of varying prominence and assigning a topic to each one, presumably in his or her area of expertise.
Clinical responses to ingested fungal α‐amylase and hemicellulase in persons sensitized to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>?
Authors: P. Cullinan, A. Cook, M. Jones, J. Cannon, B. Fitzgerald, A. J. Newman Taylor
Journal: Allergy (1997)

α‐Amylase and hemicellulase, derived from culture of Aspergillus species, are commonly added to flour as improvers during baking. Two cases of women occupationally sensitized to α‐amylase who developed allergic symptoms after eating baked bread have been reported. With a randomized, controlled study design, we have investigated whether similar responses occur in those sensitized to Aspergillus species. Seventeen subjects with positive skin prick tests to Aspergillus fumigatus were studied. Symptomatic and physiologic responses after ingestion of bread baked with α‐amylase and hemicellulase were compared, in a crossover fashion, with those after ingestion of bread baked without enzymes. No increase in respiratory or other symptoms, lung function, or nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity was reported after ingestion of the enzyme‐containing bread. We conclude that important clinical reactions to α‐amylase and hemicellulase in baked bread do not frequently occur in those sensitized to Aspergillus species.
Overt Irritability/Anger in Unipolar Major Depressive Episodes
Authors: Lewis L. Judd, Pamela J. Schettler, William Coryell, Hagop S. Akiskal, Jess G. Fiedorowicz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although symptoms of irritability or anger are not central to the diagnosis of unipolar major depressive episodes (MDEs), these symptoms have been found, in cross-sectional studies, to be highly prevalent and associated with increased comorbidity and depressive illness burden. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the prevalence of overtly expressed irritability/anger and its effect on intake presentation and the long-term course of illness. <h3>Design</h3> A prospective, naturalistic investigation of patients with unipolar MDEs, studied systematically at intake and during up to 31 years of follow-up. <h3>Setting</h3> Five US academic medical centers. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients entered the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study during an MDE in 1978, 1979, 1980, or 1981. Patients with unipolar MDE at intake (n = 536) were divided into those with and those without current comorbid overtly expressed irritability/anger. <h3>Exposure</h3> In this observational, longitudinal study, patients received treatment that was recorded but not controlled. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Groups were compared on illness severity and chronicity, psychosocial impairment, quality of life, suicidal behavior, lifetime comorbid diagnoses, impulse control, and measures associated with bipolarity. <h3>Results</h3> Overt irritability/anger was present in 292 of 536 participants with a unipolar MDE at study intake (54.5%). It was associated with significantly increased depressive severity, longer duration of the index MDE, poorer impulse control, a more chronic and severe long-term course of illness, higher rates of lifetime comorbid substance abuse and anxiety disorder, more antisocial personality disorders, greater psychosocial impairment before intake and during follow-up, reduced life satisfaction, and a higher rate of bipolar II disorder in relatives. No association was found with increased suicidal ideation or behavior. Results were not explained by comorbidity or other manic spectrum symptoms. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study extends results of cross-sectional investigations and indicates that irritability/anger during MDEs is a highly prevalent clinical marker of a more severe, chronic, and complex depressive illness. Findings have important implications for assessment and treatment.
Letter: High intestinal lactase in Pakistanis.
Authors: G Y Zakaria
Journal: BMJ (1976)

proximal jejunum to absorb glucose.The trapping of available carbohydrate within intact cell walls and alterations of the physical characteristics of the intraluminal contents by unabsorbable carbohydrates may both result in reduced availability of glucose for absorption in the proximal small bowel while increasing its availability in the distal small bowel.The adaptation of the proximal jejunum may then be reversed, resulting in a flatter glucose tolerance curve.It is possible that some diabetic patients might benefit from treatment with wheat bran or other dietary fibres and unavailable carbohydrates.
The Evolution of Influenza Resistance and Treatment
Authors: David M. Weinstock
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Movement/arousals. Description, classification, and relationship to sleep apnea in children.
Authors: M A Mograss, F M Ducharme, R T Brouillette
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Movement/arousal has been described as a characteristic of adult obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but opinions differ as to whether or not OSAS in children increases the frequency of movement/arousal. The problem that we decided to address was the lack of a comprehensive definition and characterization of movement/arousals in children. We therefore quantified and classified movement/arousals during nocturnal polysomnography in 15 children 5.2 +/- 2.7 SD yr of age being evaluated for OSAS. Movement/arousals were defined by modifying the standard criteria for scoring arousals in adults. Median respiratory disturbance index was 4.4/h, with a range of 1 to 28/h. Videotape review was required to adequately distinguish technician-induced from spontaneous movement/arousals. Although movement/arousal durations varied from 1 s to prolonged awakenings, a high frequency of brief, 1- to 3-s movement/arousals occurred in all classification categories: respiratory, 44%; technician-induced, 33%; spontaneous, 36%. When comparing a 16-channel PSG montage with that of a seven-channel cardiorespiratory montage, we found that 84% of all movement/arousals could be detected using the abbreviated montage. In conclusion, we propose a simple classification system that distinguishes three types of movement/arousals: respiratory, technician-induced, and spontaneous. Our results further suggest that a simple montage using cardiorespiratory channels and videotaping would be suitable for home study and sensitive for identifying movement/arousals.
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION AND THE AGING PROCESS IN CARTILAGINOUS TISSUES
Authors: Herbert J. Shulman, Karl Meyer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Primary cell cultures of differentiated chondrocytes were shown to produce chondroitin-4-sulfate as the predominant mucopolysaccharide, with suggestive evidence for the synthesis of keratan sulfate and possibly chondroitin-6-sulfate. Chicken embryonic cartilage was shown to be composed mainly of chondroitin-4-sulfate, with a small amount of chondroitin-6-sulfate, but essentially no keratan sulfate. These findings were compared to the data of others, and a hypothesis explaining the aging process in cartilage in terms of cellular differentiation was presented.
The Stomach, Including Related Areas in the Esophagus and the Duodenum
Authors: R. A. Rovelstad
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The publication of the 13th Hahnemann Symposium represents the work of 65 contributors. The format alone makes the book worthwhile. The volume includes papers on related areas in the esophagus and the duodenum, though the duodenum is discussed only from the point of view of the inhibitory mechanisms affecting gastric secretion and the therapy of duodenal ulcer, both medical and surgical. There is much duplication not only of journal articles—which is understandable—but also of recent monographs related to peptic ulcer and gastric secretion—which is unfortunate. The chapter on the esophagus encompasses a discussion of methodology as well as a review of esophageal physiology in the elaboration of clinical syndromes. The chapter on gastric physiology covers the topic incompletely, but the subtopics that are superficially covered have bibliographies that are both adequate and representative. A discussion of gastritis and pylorospasm, the discussion of functional gastrointestinal problems, and a chapter on the
Diphtheria Immunization-Reply
Authors: Wallace E. Herrell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Concerning the question of diphtheria immunization, the question that was asked inThe Journalwas simply for an opinion as to the need for continued booster shots for diphtheria in adults. It seems to me that the article referred to by Dr. Roney concerns itself with the fact that the immunization program can be extended into adults without fear of excessive reactivity. This is a facet of the problem which was not raised in the original question. It is still my opinion that under ordinary circumstances, continued booster shots in adults are not necessary or feasible in the general population, whereas it may well be feasible in specialized groups, including the Armed Forces.
CAG expansions in a novel gene for Machado-Joseph disease at chromosome 14q32.1
Authors: Yoshiya Kawaguchi, Toshihiro Okamoto, Masafumi Taniwaki, Megumi Aizawa, Miho Inoue, Sadao Katayama, Hideshi Kawakami, Shigenobu Nakamura, Masaki Nishimura, Ichiro Akiguchi, Jun Kimura, Shuh Narumiya, Akira Kakizuka
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Ex vivo transduction of human dermal tissue structures for autologous implantation production and delivery of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Einat Brill-Almon, Baruch Stern, Daniel Afik, Joel Kaye, Noga Langer, Stephen Bellomo, Moni Shavit, Andrew Pearlman, Yitzhak Lippin, Amos Panet, Noam Shani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins through gene transfer approaches has been carried out mostly by ex vivo transduction of single cells or by direct in vivo injection of an expression vector. In this work an intact miniature biopsy of human dermis (microdermis) is harvested and transduced ex vivo by a viral vector encoding a gene for the therapeutic protein. The microdermis preserves its three-dimensional structure and viability during the ex vivo manipulations. Furthermore, upon transduction with adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors the microdermis secretes recombinant human erythropoietin (hEPO). Biochemical analysis of the secreted hEPO showed similarity to the clinically approved recombinant hEPO. Subcutaneous implantation of microdermal hEPO into SCID mice exhibited hEPO secretion in the blood circulation and preserved elevated hematocrit for several months, demonstrating the technology's potential for sustained delivery of protein therapeutics.
Overlapping and distinct roles for PI3Kβ and γ isoforms in S1P-induced migration of human and mouse endothelial cells
Authors: Regine Heller, Qing Chang, Gunter Ehrlich, Sherry N. Hsieh, Simone M. Schoenwaelder, Peter J. Kuhlencordt, Klaus T. Preissner, Emilio Hirsch, Reinhard Wetzker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a key regulator of vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis, promotes endothelial cell migration via stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The aim of this study was to identify the role of PI3Kβ and γ isoforms and their downstream effector pathways in mediating endothelial cell migration induced by S1P. Experiments were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine lung endothelial cells (MLEC). A combination of specific inhibitors, RNA interference, and PI3Kγ−/− mice were used to investigate the role of PI3Kβ and γ isoforms in endothelial cell migration. Both PI3Kβ and γ isoforms are required for full migration induced by S1P, with Rac1 being a major mediator downstream of both isoforms. In addition, PI3Kβ but not PI3Kγ mediates migration via Akt but independent of Rac1 and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Further, a S1P-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) 1/2 contributes to the chemotactic response independent of PI3Kβ or PI3Kγ. Our data demonstrate that both PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ isoforms are required for S1P-induced endothelial cell migration through activation of Rac1. In addition, PI3Kβ initiates an Akt-sensitive chemotactic response which is independent of Rac1 and eNOS. Thus, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ have both overlapping and distinct roles in regulating endothelial cell migration, which may underlie S1P-triggered angiogenic differentiation.