tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points from Letters: Doctors' Pay
Authors: F. W. B. Breakey
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Until benzidine was taken off the market because of carcinogenic risks to those engaged in its manufacture the test most widely used was the Gregersen slide-test.'It was in general use on the Continent and in America, and was becoming more generally used in this country.It was recommended in many of the textbooks.5In general practice and in hospital side- wards there are obvious objections to tests, such as the test-tube benzidine and ortho- tolidine tests commonly employed in clinical laboratories, which may give positive results with gum-bleeding and after the eating of meats in moderate amount.Ogilvie, who was the first in this country to describe the Gregersen slide-test,8 affirmed that with it a blue or green-blue colour appearing within 30 seconds is proof of the presence of occult blood irrespective of the patient's diet, with the obvious exceptions of foods with a high blood-pigment concentration such as liver, black pudding, and bone-marrow.Now it is recognized that salicylates also should be withheld.Bockus' employs the Gregersen slide-test as a routine procedure.Benzidine is now produced under safe con- ditions of manufacture and is again on the market.Put up in waxed paper the powders will last indefinitely.The Greger- sen slide-test is cheap and simple and can be performed just as quickly as the tablet tests.Its reliability has been widely proved over the years, and it should be finding its way back into our hospital side-rooms and our consulting-rooms.-Iam, etc., Edinburgh 9. S. LIPETZ.
Improving the treatment of tobacco dependence
Authors: M. Thun
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers pp 323, 329 Clinical review p 355 

Efforts to treat tobacco dependence are meant to supplement rather than to replace attempts to stop the tobacco industry's predatory recruitment of new smokers. Over 1.2 billion people worldwide regularly smoke tobacco products,1 not including the use of roll-your-owns or smokeless tobacco. Reductions in numbers of deaths caused by tobacco over the next 50 years will depend largely on the success of tobacco users in breaking or controlling their addiction. Only in the second half of this century will our progress, such as it is, towards reducing the uptake of smoking among young people manifestly affect mortality.2

Three articles in this issue show the importance of smoking cessation or discuss the growing repertoire of effective pharmacological and behavioural approaches for treating nicotine dependence.2–4 Their publication coincides with the 11th world conference on tobacco or …
Hypoalbuminaemic hyponatraemia: a new syndrome?
Authors: M D Penney
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Hypoalbuminaemic hyponatraemia: a new syndrome? M D Penney, mrcpath; A N Ghanem, frcsed; R M Higgins, mrcp; R H Neary, MB; G S Rai, mrcp, and others; A Richard? son, mrcp. 1502 Antisecretory drugs and gastric cancer K G Wormsley, frcp; D Jack, phd, and others . 1504 Phaeochromocytoma presenting as an acute abdomen D W Bullimore, MD, and K J A Miloszewski, MD. 1504 Medical problems of sport diving RMBruce-Chwatt,MB. 1504 Calcium channel blocking agents and the heart J J Goiti, frcsed; D R Ramsdale, mrcp, and others . 1505 Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia D H Spodick, MD. 1505
Neuroscientists need to be evolutionarily challenged
Authors: Robert A. Barton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Evolutionary theory and methods are central to understanding the design of organisms, including their brains. This book does much to demonstrate the value of evolutionary neuroscience. Further work is needed to clarify the ways that neural systems evolved in general (specifically, the interaction between mosaic and coordinated evolution of brain components), and phylogenetic methods should be given a more prominent role in the analysis of comparative data.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE FIRST YEAR OF GRASS POLLEN DESENSITIZATION*
Authors: P. H. DIEGES
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Some immunological parameters were followed up during the first year of grass pollen desensitization in 15 patients. The skin reactions with grass pollen extract in a series of tenfold dilutions were diminished in all patients during treatment. In nearly all patients a distinct increase in blocking antibody titre was seen. Serum reagin titres as measured by RAST remained constant or decreased somewhat during desensitization. No significant correlations between all three parameters could be demonstrated.
The Self in Health and Illness: Patients, Professionals and Narrative Identity
Authors: Patrick Fox
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
343 Recipient-derived hepatocytes in sex-mismatched liver allograft after liver transplantation
Authors: R. Idilman, E. Erden, I. Kuzu, S. Ersoz, K. Karayalcin, Z. Karasu, Y. Tokat, G. Yuce, Y. Sahin, H. Bozkaya, U. Akarca, C. Yurdaydin, S. Karayalcin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization of Carotid Plaque Improves the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Naoto Katakami, Mitsuyoshi Takahara, Hideaki Kaneto, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Kazutomi Yoshiuchi, Yoko Irie, Fumiyo Kubo, Takashi Katsura, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Keisuke Kosugi, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether noninvasive ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque using integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis can be a predictor of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.We prospectively evaluated the association between Calibrated-IBS value, an ultrasonic marker for tissue characteristics of carotid plaque, and CVE in 85 asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with carotid plaque.The median follow-up period was 7.9 years, and there were 20 new CVE. The risk of CVE was significantly higher in the subjects with low Calibrated-IBS values (<-17.1 dB; n = 42) as compared with those with high values (≥-17.1 dB; n = 43) (P = 0.004, log-rank test). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that both Calibrated-IBS value (hazard ratio [HR] 0.802 [95% CI 0.710-0.906]; P < 0.0001) and plaque thickness (1.938 [1.170-3.213]; P = 0.010) were independently associated with CVE, even after adjustment for the 10-year risk for a general cardiovascular disease estimated by Framingham risk scoring (FRS). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for CVE at 10 years after the baseline examinations revealed that area under the curve for Calibrated-IBS was 0.76 (0.60-0.90) and substantially higher than those for plaque thickness (0.60 [0.45-0.79]) and FRS (0.60 [0.40-0.78]). These analyses also revealed that the addition of both plaque thickness and Calibrated-IBS value to conventional risk factors significantly improved the event prediction.Calibrated-IBS value could improve the risk prediction of CVE in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with carotid plaque.
CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA
Authors: Charles L. Hoagland, S. M. Ward, Joseph E. Smadel, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Purified elementary bodies of vaccinia have been tested with a variety of substrates and found to possess phosphatase, catalase, and lipase activity. Tests for malate, succinate, pyruvate, and lactate dehydrogenases were negative. Interpretation of these results is complicated by the observation that elementary bodies of vaccinia adsorb relatively large quantities of certain enzymes from dilute solutions. These enzymes are not eluted by procedures of washing and centrifuging similar to those carried out in the preparation of the virus. For this reason, the presence of phosphatase, catalase, and lipase in the purified virus may well be accounted for on the basis of adsorption from the host tissues which are known to be rich in these particular enzymes. That some degree of specificity in this adsorption is to be recognized is shown by the failure of the virus to adsorb urease, an enzyme of vegetable origin. Until some method can be devised which will distinguish between the enzymes of the host cell and those which may be integral parts of the virus it would seem that the problem of the enzyme constituents of vaccine virus is incapable of definite solution.
Azygography and Lung Cancer
Authors: Murray L. Janower, Jack R. Dreyfuss, David B. Skinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE preoperative determination of inoperability of carcinoma of the lung remains a difficult problem. In spite of a variety of preoperative investigations the tumors of a third of the patients surgically explored are beyond the limits for resection.1 Although the value of palliative resection is not denied many cases are too far advanced to benefit from any form of surgery. Others may be better treated with combined therapy if the extent of the disease is known before operation.2 Radiographic visualization of the azygos vein, azygography, provides another means of detecting mediastinal spread of neoplastic disease before operation.3 , 4 After several reports . . .
Age-related decrease in the inductability of heat shock protein 72 in normal human skin
Authors: T. MURAMATSU, M. HATOKO, H. TADA, T. SHIRAI, T. OHNISHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

In order to know the effect of chronological ageing on the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) in normal human skin, the 72-kDa HSP (HSP72) was examined in organ-cultured samples of normal human skin which were obtained from 30 individuals (age range 17-86 years). The skin explants were first incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h, and then heat-treated at 45 degrees C for 1 h. After heat treatment, the skin explants were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 or 3 h. Immunohistological analysis, using a monoclonal antibody specific for the HSP72, revealed that although the time course of the heat-induced HSP72 expression was similar in the young and aged groups, a lower level of induction of HSP72 was observed in the aged group. This result indicates that there is an age-related dysfunction of the heat shock response in normal human skin.
Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposure to HIV
Authors: Julie Louise Gerberding
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Effective prophylaxis for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important for health care providers at risk for exposure to infected blood.The average risk from percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, but exposures involving a high titer of HIV or a large volume of infectious material are apt to be much riskier. A convergence of indirect evidence strongly suggests that chemoprophylaxis with zidovudine after exposure to HIV may be efficacious. Treatment with zidovudine after percutaneous exposure appears to reduce the odds of infection by almost 80%. Zidovudine prophylaxis effectively prevents perinatal HIV transmission, and treatment during acute retroviral infection may attenuate HIV disease. Reports of "aborted" HIV infection among health care providers who have been stuck with contaminated needles suggest that antiretroviral treatment in the window of opportunity after exposure to HIV could prevent virus propagation and allow local cutaneous host defenses to clear the infection. Although efficacy has not been shown in controlled clinical trials, these data support a potential benefit from treatment after exposure. It is difficult to define the optimal regimen that should be used for prophylaxis, given the emergence of antiretroviral resistance among source patients. Current recommendations favor the use of zidovudine plus lamivudine for 4 weeks. Use of indinavir or other protease inhibitors is advised when the source patient is likely to harbor resistant virus or when exposure is especially hazardous.
Routine Postoperative Nasogastric Suction
Authors: David Metheny
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The treatment of patients following abdominal surgery without gastrointestinal suction, as noted by your editorial (<b>195</b>:682, 1966), was frequently satisfactory. This manner of treatment is not new. When I was on the service of Charles Mayo in 1929 suction was not used, and nothing was given by mouth until gas was passed rectally. If gastric retention was found, aspiration was done. If more than a liter of fluid was recovered, aspiration was repeated every 8 to 12 hours until less than 500 cc were obtained. I think they were better off than most patients who have had suction routinely. My colleagues and I wrote of our experiences (<i>Surg Gynec Obstet</i><b>101</b>:275, 1955) and the article was abstracted in a medical news journal. This prompted the appearance of four articles by surgeons of academic distinction, all rejecting the practice. One exclaimed that it would put surgery
A PLEA FOR GREATER SIMPLICITY IN THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The tendency in development of the physical world is toward complexity. Evolution pictures animal life progressing from the simplest atom to the most complex animal. In the world of science, on the other hand, the greatest steps have been always toward simplicity. The greatest attainments of the intellect have been the discovery of the principles and laws governing complex nature. So, while the accumulation of knowledge is constantly going forward, we find science, which is an application of mind to matter, always simplifying. In scientific therapeutics the same process is seen. The accumulation of observations has been great. They must be simplified and brought under straightforward laws and applications. The first step must be the selection of a few drugs that represent the activities of their class. The advantage of such classification to the physician will be that the great amount of labor in the attempt to master an elaborate
Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John H. Glaser, Sheila K. Glaser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 August 2004Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes MellitusJohn H. Glaser, MS and Sheila K. GlaserJohn H. Glaser, MSFrom Lexington, MA 02421.Search for more papers by this author and Sheila K. GlaserFrom Lexington, MA 02421.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:When blood sugar level spikes after eating, the pancreas, which manufactures insulin continuously, may not produce enough additional insulin to maintain a normal glucose level for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, if a person with a predisposition for type 2 diabetes ate a small amount of food every 2 hours instead of just 2 or 3 meals per day, the pancreas might be able to generate enough insulin to compensate for the modest increase in glucose levels. Furthermore, there might be less inclination to eat large meals.Lactose breaks down in the body into glucose ...Reference1. Salazar-Martinez E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, et al . Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:1-8. [PMID: 14706966] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Lexington, MA 02421. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCoffee Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Eduardo Salazar-Martinez , Walter C. Willett , Alberto Ascherio , JoAnn E. Manson , Michael F. Leitzmann , Meir J. Stampfer , and Frank B. Hu Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Donald A. Gerber Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Frank B. Hu , Walter C. Willett , and JoAnn E. Manson Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Donald B. Louria Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Benjamin Schaefer Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Federico Soriguer , Gemma Rojo-Martínez , and Isabel Esteva de Antonio Metrics Cited byCoffee as a Functional Beverage 17 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 4Page: 323KeywordsCoffeeGlucoseInsulinLactoseMilkPancreasRisk managementSucroseTeaType 2 diabetes ePublished: 17 August 2004 Issue Published: 17 August 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Interaction of human leukocytes and Entamoeba histolytica. Killing of virulent amebae by the activated macrophage.
Authors: R A Salata, R D Pearson, J I Ravdin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Capable effector mechanisms in the human immune response against the cytolytic, protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica have not been described. To identify a competent human effector cell, we studied the in vitro interactions of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes (MC), and MC-derived macrophages with virulent axenic amebae (strain HMI-IMSS). Amebae killed neutrophils, PBMC, MC, and MC-derived macrophages (P less than 0.001), without loss of parasite viability. The addition of heat-inactivated immune serum did not enable leukocytes to kill amebae, nor did it protect these host cells from amebae. MC-derived macrophages, activated with lymphokine elicited by the mitogens conconavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or an amebic soluble protein preparation (strain HK9), killed 55% of amebae by 3 h in a trypan blue exclusion assay (P less than 0.001); during this time, 40% of the activated macrophages died. Lysis of amebae was confirmed using 111Indium oxine radiolabeled parasites and was antibody independent. Macrophage death appeared to be due to the deleterious effect of lysed amebae rather than the contact-dependent effector mechanisms of E. histolytica. Adherence between activated macrophages and amebae was greater than that between other leukocytes and amebae (P less than 0.001). Microscopic observations, kinetic analysis of the killing of amebae by activated macrophages, and suspension of amebae with adherent activated macrophages in a 10% dextran solution indicated that contact by activated macrophages was necessary to initiate the killing of amebae. Catalase but not superoxide dismutase inhibited the amebicidal capacity of activated macrophages (P less than 0.001). However, activated macrophages from an individual with chronic granulomatous disease were able to kill amebae, but not as effectively as normal cells (P less than 0.01). In summary, activated MC-derived macrophages killed virulent E. histolytica trophozoites through a contact-dependent, antibody-independent mechanism involving oxidative-dependent and -independent processes.
Antibodies targeting extractable nuclear antigens: historical development and current knowledge
Authors: J. Wenzel, R. Gerdsen, M. Uerlich, R. Bauer, T. Bieber, I. Boehm
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a heterogeneous group of ribonucleoproteins and non‐histone proteins with different functions in nuclear metabolism. The detection of antibodies targeting ENA is a well‐established tool in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus (LE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and overlap syndromes. Descriptions of precipitin reactions between soluble tissue components and sera of patients suffering from these diseases, as well as identification of the antigen–antibody reactions, have been the subject of a large number of investigations in recent years. Most of the corresponding antigens have been identified (over 20 antigen systems) and knowledge about the clinical and genetic association of the antibodies detected has improved. Antibodies targeting ENA were first described in 1959, when Holman et al. recorded a precipitin reaction of sera from systemic LE (SLE) patients with extractable antigens isolated from crushed calf thymus.1 This observation was interpreted as an antigen–antibody reaction of autoantibodies in the SLE sera with soluble nuclear antigens. The nomenclature of an autoantibody to ENA depended on the group first describing it, and was made corresponding to the nuclear function of the antigen (RNP), the name of the patient providing the prototype serum (Ro, La, Sm, Jo, Mi) or the disease from which the serum donor suffered (SSA, SSB, SSC, Scl‐70, PM‐1, PM‐Scl).
Cost-Effective Control of Drug-Resistant TB: Listening to Other Voices
Authors: Jose Luis Portero, Maria Rubio
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is mainly a phenomenon caused by physicians patients and health-care systems through incorrect treatments noncompliance and poor delivery of tuberculosis services respectively. These man-made facts could be avoided with appropriate actions. However the weakness of health systems in the tuberculosis high-burden countries hampers successful control. Public health priorities in resource-poor settings have marginalized tuberculosis cases resistant to first-line treatment. Nevertheless patients have been claiming their rights to be treated despite their drug resistance pattern. Nowadays tuberculosis programs try to address drug resistance issues. However pilot experiences in low-resource settings do not fully answer to the real challenges in the field to scale up second-line drug treatments.   (excerpt)
Premenstrual tension syndrome
Authors: D. Waxman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) are developed using data collected from a study of 42 women who were suffering from severe PMTS but were well at other times.Two specific scales are also devised for rating the severity of PMTS, a 36-item self-report questionnaire and a 10item scale for use by therapisvresearcher.It is proposed that after further evaluation and validation, these instruments may permit more useful comparisons of data on the etiology and treatment of this disorder.
Cervical cancer screening: Liquid based cytology may be preferred option for UK screening programme
Authors: T. Ind
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Coste et al studied conventional cervical smear testing, monolayer cytology, and human papillomavirus DNA testing for cervical screening, their results being published as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) was deciding whether liquid based cytology should be used in the United Kingdom.1 Thus the paper must be interpreted in relation to others with assessment of its relevance to the NHS …