tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Receptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptin.
Authors: W G Haynes, D A Morgan, S A Walsh, A L Mark, W I Sivitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Leptin is a peptide hormone produced by adipose tissue which acts centrally to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. Although leptin increases norepinephrine turnover in thermogenic tissues, the effects of leptin on directly measured sympathetic nerve activity to thermogenic and other tissues are not known. We examined the effects of intravenous leptin and vehicle on sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue, kidney, hindlimb, and adrenal gland in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Intravenous infusion of mouse leptin over 3 h (total dose 10-1,000 microg/kg) increased plasma concentrations of immunoreactive murine leptin up to 50-fold. Leptin slowly increased sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (+286+/-64% at 1,000 microg/kg; P = 0.002). Surprisingly, leptin infusion also produced gradual increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (+228+/-63% at 1,000 microg/kg; P = 0.0008).The effect of leptin on sympathetic nerve activity was dose dependent, with a threshold dose of 100 microg/kg. Leptin also increased sympathetic nerve activity to the hindlimb (+287+/-60%) and adrenal gland (388+/-171%). Despite the increase in overall sympathetic nerve activity, leptin did not increase arterial pressure or heart rate. Leptin did not change plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Infusion of vehicle did not alter sympathetic nerve activity. Obese Zucker rats, known to possess a mutation in the gene for the leptin receptor, were resistant to the sympathoexcitatory effects of leptin, despite higher achieved plasma leptin concentrations. These data demonstrate that leptin increases thermogenic sympathetic nerve activity and reveal an unexpected stimulatory effect of leptin on overall sympathetic nerve traffic.
Highly selective vagotomy.
Authors: D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1974)

Dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission has been linked to the development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, this study used an inducible HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) transgenic (iTat-tg) mouse model, which demonstrates brain-specific Tat expression induced by administration of doxycycline. We found that induction of Tat expression in the iTat-tg mice for either 7 or 14 days resulted in a decrease (∼30%) in the <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> of [<sup>3</sup>H]dopamine uptake via both the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which was comparable to the magnitude (∼35%) of the decrease in <i>B</i><sub>max</sub> for [<sup>3</sup>H]WIN 35,428 and [<sup>3</sup>H]nisoxetine binding to DAT and NET, respectively. The decreased <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> was not accompanied by a reduction of total or plasma membrane expression of DAT and NET. Consistent with the decreased <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> for DAT and NET in the PFC, the current study also found an increase in the tissue content of DA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the PFC of iTat-tg mice after 7 days’ administration of doxycycline. Electrophysiological recordings in layer V pyramidal neurons of the prelimbic cortex from iTat-tg mice found a significant reduction in action potential firing, which was not sensitive to selective inhibitors for DAT and NET, respectively. These findings provide a molecular basis for using the iTat-tg mouse model in the studies of NeuroHIV. Determining the mechanistic basis underlying the interaction between Tat and DAT/NET may reveal novel therapeutic possibilities for preventing the increase in comorbid conditions as well as HAND. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection disrupts dopaminergic neurotransmission, leading to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Based on our in vitro and in vivo studies, dopamine uptake via both dopamine and norepinephrine transporters is decreased in the prefrontal cortex of HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice, which is consistent with the increased dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid contents in this brain region. Thus, these plasma membrane transporters are an important potential target for therapeutic intervention for patients with HAND.
The Morality of Using Mortality as a Financial Incentive
Authors: Joel M. Kupfer
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Randall W. Burt, Jamie A. Cannon, Donald S. David, Dayna S. Early, James M. Ford, Francis M. Giardiello, Amy L. Halverson, Stanley R. Hamilton, Heather Hampel, Mohammad K. Ismail, Kory Jasperson, Jason B. Klapman, Audrey J. Lazenby, Patrick M. Lynch, Robert J. Mayer, Reid M. Ness, Dawn Provenzale, M. Sambasiva Rao, Moshe Shike, Gideon Steinbach, Jonathan P. Terdiman, David Weinberg, Mary Dwyer, Deborah Freedman-Cass
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Mortality from colorectal cancer can be reduced by early diagnosis and by cancer prevention through polypectomy. These NCCN Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening describe various colorectal screening modalities and recommended screening schedules for patients at average or increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. In addition, the guidelines provide recommendations for the management of patients with high-risk colorectal cancer syndromes, including Lynch syndrome. Screening approaches for Lynch syndrome are also described.
Task Force to Make Recommendations for Adolescents in Terms of Suicide Risk
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1987)

TWO YEARS AGO, the Secretary of Health and Human Services convened a task force on youth suicide to address the issues of risk factors, intervention, and prevention (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1286). The task force is expected to make its recommendations this summer. According to Mark Rosenberg, MD, chair of the task force's work group on strategies and recommendations and assistant director for science, Division of Injury Epidemiology and Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, "We can track the number of suicides better now, and we have some understanding of the basic pattern, but we still need to develop an effective intervention program." What can physicians do to intervene? The experts who were interviewed for this article had several suggestions. Paul C. Holinger, MD, MPH, associate professor of psychiatry at Rush-Presbyterian—St Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, believes a knowledge of suicide risk is essential for internists and primary care physicians. "Just as they're
Somatic mutations in ATP1A1 and CACNA1D underlie a common subtype of adrenal hypertension
Authors: Elena A B Azizan, Hanne Poulsen, Petronel Tuluc, Junhua Zhou, Michael V Clausen, Andreas Lieb, Carmela Maniero, Sumedha Garg, Elena G Bochukova, Wanfeng Zhao, Lalarukh Haris Shaikh, Cheryl A Brighton, Ada E D Teo, Anthony P Davenport, Tanja Dekkers, Bas Tops, Benno Küsters, Jiri Ceral, Giles S H Yeo, Sudeshna Guha Neogi, Ian McFarlane, Nitzan Rosenfeld, Francesco Marass, James Hadfield, Wojciech Margas, Kanchan Chaggar, Miroslav Solar, Jaap Deinum, Annette C Dolphin, I Sadaf Farooqi, Joerg Striessnig, Poul Nissen, Morris J Brown
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Sudden Cardiac Death in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Zeliha Koyak, Louise Harris, Joris R. de Groot, Candice K. Silversides, Erwin N. Oechslin, Berto J. Bouma, Werner Budts, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Barbara J.M. Mulder
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to determine the adult CHD population at risk of SCD and the clinical parameters associated with SCD.We performed a multicenter case-control study. Patients who died suddenly as a result of proven or presumed arrhythmia were included (cases). For each case, 2 controls matched on diagnosis, type of surgical intervention, age, and gender were included. From 3 databases including 25 790 adults with CHD, 1189 deaths (5%) were identified, of whom 213 patients (19%) died suddenly. Arrhythmic death occurred in 171 of 1189 patients. The underlying cardiac lesions were mild, moderate, and severe CHD in 12%, 33%, and 55% of the SCD cases, respectively. Clinical variables associated with SCD were supraventricular tachycardia (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-7.9; P=0.004), moderate to severe systemic ventricular dysfunction (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-10.4; P=0.034), moderate to severe subpulmonary ventricular dysfunction (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-10.2; P=0.030), increased QRS duration (OR, 1.34 [per 10-ms increase]; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34; P=0.008), and QT dispersion (OR, 1.22 [per 10-ms increase]; 95% CI, 1.22-1.48; P=0.008).The clinical parameters found to be associated with SCD in adults with a broad spectrum of CHD, including systemic right ventricles, are similar to those in ischemic heart disease. Moreover, even those patients with mild cardiac lesions are potentially at risk for SCD. This highlights the need for further prospective studies as well as vigilant ongoing follow-up of the adult with CHD.
NOVEL PARAMETER OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION BETTER PREDICTS RESPONSE TO CRT-D IN MALES THAN BASELINE QRS DURATION: A MADIT-CRT SUB-STUDY
Authors: Valentina Kutyifa, Wojciech Zareba, Scott McNitt, Mehmet Aktas, Bela Merkely, Arthur Moss, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Most obstructive sleep apnoea patients exhibit vigilance and attention deficits on an extended battery of tests
Authors: S. Mazza, J-L. Pépin, B. Naëgelé, J. Plante, C. Deschaux, P. Lévy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue and altered attention are often experienced by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients. Although attentional problems are presumably responsible for part of the daytime functioning impairment in OSA, thorough investigation is unusual. Clinicians usually attribute these symptoms to somnolence. In clinical practice, only one isolated test is generally used to assess vigilance and attentional defects. It was hypothesised that most OSA patients exhibit a broad range of attentional deficits, beyond impaired maintenance of wakefulness, and a specific battery of tests is needed to correctly assess them. Three attentional tests were performed at 9:00, 11:00 and 13:30 h, measuring maintenance of wakefulness, sustained attention and divided attention. Twenty OSA patients (aged 51±12 yrs, apnoea/hypopnoea index 45±22 h) and 40 control subjects (aged 48.4±9.9 yrs) were tested. OSA patients performed significantly less well on the three tests than the controls at the three sessions. This battery of tests demonstrated that 95% of patients had vigilance and/or attentional impairment. Impairment patterns varied between patients. Vigilance is impaired in obstructive sleep apnoea patients over a wide range of attentional processes. Not only is their ability to remain awake in monotonous situations impaired but their ability to maintain attention in more stimulating conditions is also affected. A single test of vigilance is not sufficient and could underestimate impaired vigilance and attention in some patients.
Abstract A21: Active immunotherapy with PROSTVAC® demonstrates potent antitumor efficacy in a mouse model of prostate cancer.
Authors: Ryan B. Rountree, Stefanie J. Mandl, Joseph Cote, Tracy dela Cruz, Thierry Giffon, Evan Gordon, Susan P. Foy, John R. Lombardo, Erica Trent, Reiner Laus, Alain Delcayre
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BN ImmunoTherapeutics (BNIT) specializes in developing novel active immunotherapies for cancer. These therapies use recombinant poxviruses engineered to express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), with the intent of generating effective immune responses against the patients' cancer. PROSTVAC® is a candidate product for the treatment of prostate cancer for which a global Phase III clinical trial (PROSPECT) was recently initiated. This product is composed of two different viral vectors derived from a recombinant vaccinia virus (PROSTVAC™-V) and a recombinant fowlpox virus (PROSTVAC™-F). Both vectors contain transgenes encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3), designated as TRICOM™. Patients are immunized using a prime-boost strategy consisting of an initial treatment with PROSTVAC™-V followed by repeated boosting with PROSTVAC™-F to maximize the immune responses against the PSA tumor-antigen. Here we show preclinical data characterizing PROSTVAC® activity in mice. Treatment with either PROSTVAC™-V or PROSTVAC™-F induced PSA-specific antibody and T cell responses; however, PSA-specific responses were further increased by the prime/boost strategy, particularly with respect to the frequency of responding CD8 T cells. These CD8 T cells produced IFN-gamma and degranulated in an antigen-specific manner. Furthermore, PROSTVAC® treatment resulted in strong efficacy in a mouse model of prostate cancer. In this model, treatment with PROSTVAC resulted in anti-tumor efficacy accompanied by a Th1-biased response against PSA. In contrast, growth of tumors in control mice induced only non-protective PSA-specific responses with strong Th2 bias. Overall, these animal studies help define the activity and mechanism of action of PROSTVAC® which is currently being evaluated in the clinic. R.B. Rountree and S.J. Mandl contributed equally to this work. Citation Format: Ryan B. Rountree, Stefanie J. Mandl, Joseph Cote, Tracy dela Cruz, Thierry Giffon, Evan Gordon, Susan P. Foy, John R. Lombardo, Erica Trent, Reiner Laus, Alain Delcayre. Active immunotherapy with PROSTVAC® demonstrates potent antitumor efficacy in a mouse model of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
Influenza drug to undergo "fast track" assessment by NICE
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The influenza drug zanamivir (Relenza) will undergo “fast track” appraisal by the new National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), which will recommend which treatments should be available on the NHS in England and Wales. Zanamivir is said to moderate the symptoms of flu and shorten bouts of the illness.

Professor Sir Michael Rawlins, the institute's chairman, said last week that he hopes to publish recommendations on the use of the drug this autumn. Thereafter, the …
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Is a Coreceptor for Alzheimer Aβ Oligomer Bound to Cellular Prion Protein
Authors: Ji Won Um, Adam C. Kaufman, Mikhail Kostylev, Jacqueline K. Heiss, Massimiliano Stagi, Hideyuki Takahashi, Meghan E. Kerrisk, Alexander Vortmeyer, Thomas Wisniewski, Anthony J. Koleske, Erik C. Gunther, Haakon B. Nygaard, Stephen M. Strittmatter
Journal: Neuron (2013)
The Surgical Isolator
Authors: J. McLauchlan, M. F. Pilcher, P. C. Trexler, R. C. Whalley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A plastic film isolator has been developed which is intermediate between a half-suit and an arm isolator. Used for orthopaedic surgery in an aseptic environment few operating difficulties have been found, and an extended trial of its use should be carried out to assess its effect on the incidence of postoperative wound infection.
Critical interaction between E1 and E2 glycoproteins determines binding and fusion properties of hepatitis C virus during cell entry
Authors: Florian Douam, Viet Loan Dao Thi, Guillemette Maurin, Judith Fresquet, Dimitri Mompelat, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Thomas F. Baumert, François-Loïc Cosset, Dimitri Lavillette
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are important mediators for productive cell entry. However, knowledge about their structure, intra- or intermolecular dialogs, and conformational changes is scarce, limiting the design of therapeutic strategies targeting E1E2. Here we sought to investigate how certain domains of E1 and E2 have coevolved to optimize their interactions to promote efficient HCV entry. For this purpose we generated chimeric E1E2 heterodimers derived from two HCV 1a strains to identify and characterize crosstalk between their domains. We found an E1E2 combination that drastically impaired the infectivity of cell culture-derived HCV particles, whereas the reciprocal E1E2 combination led to increased infectivity. Using HCV pseudoparticle assays, we confirmed the opposing entry phenotypes of these heterodimers. By mutagenesis analysis, we identified a particular crosstalk between three amino acids of E1 and the domain III of E2. Its modulation leads to either a full restoration of the functionality of the suboptimal heterodimer or a destabilization of the functional heterodimer. Interestingly, we found that this crosstalk modulates E1E2 binding to HCV entry receptors SR-BI and CD81. In addition, we found for the first time that E1E2 complexes can interact with the first extracellular loop of Claudin-1, whereas soluble E2 did not. These results highlight the critical role of E1 in the modulation of HCV binding to receptors. Finally, we demonstrated that this crosstalk is involved in membrane fusion.These results reveal a multifunctional and crucial interaction between E1 and E2 for HCV entry into cells. Our study highlights the role of E1 as a modulator of HCV binding to receptors and membrane fusion, underlining its potential as an antiviral target.
Pheromones regulate ovulation
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It has long been observed that women who live together can develop synchronised menstrual cycles. Researchers have now found evidence that this is caused by human pheromones, the existence of which has not previously been proved.

Odourless compounds taken from the axillas of women in the late follicular phase of their menstrual cycles accelerated the preovulatory surge of luteinising hormone in …
A highly elastic tissue sealant based on photopolymerised gelatin
Authors: Christopher M. Elvin, Tony Vuocolo, Alan G. Brownlee, Lillian Sando, Mickey G. Huson, Nancy E. Liyou, Peter R. Stockwell, Russell E. Lyons, Misook Kim, Glenn A. Edwards, Graham Johnson, Gail A. McFarland, John A.M. Ramshaw, Jerome A. Werkmeister
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
PEMPHIGUS AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFOEMIS
Authors: GEORGE PERNET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1910)

Journal Article PEMPHIGUS AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFOEMIS Get access GEORGE PERNET, M.D. GEORGE PERNET, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 22, Issue 1, 1 January 1910, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1910.tb16584.x Published: 01 January 1910
CLONAL GROWTH IN VITRO OF HUMAN CELLS WITH FIBROBLASTIC MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Theodore T. Puck, Steven J. Cieciura, Harold W. Fisher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

A methodology has been described for reliable cultivation in vitro of dispersed fibroblastic cells obtained from normal human organs. The procedure has permitted establishment of stable cell lines from almost every sample taken, among which the following organs were represented: skin, spleen, amnion, lung, liver, bone marrow, brain, muscle, and heart. Equally good growth has been achieved with cells from embryonic or adult tissues. The methods previously developed whereby single cells plated in Petri dishes grow into isolated macroscopic colonies can successfully be applied to the plating of human fibroblastic stocks. Plating efficiencies in the neighborhood of 50 to 60 per cent are readily achieved with such strains. The resulting colonies can be picked and clonal stocks established. Fibroblastic morphology is maintained in the colonies arising from every single cell of such clonal stocks. All of the single cells from epithelioid clonal strains also maintain their integrity throughout repeated subculture. Since the difference between clonal stocks of these two types is always maintained whenever the respective single cells are plated in the same medium, regardless of the previous history of these stocks, it may be concluded that a true genetic difference exists in these cell lines. In addition to the morphological differences between epithelioid and fibroblastic cell strains, the latter have more demanding nutritional requirements for single cell growth. Thus, single cells of fibroblastic lines almost never produce colonies with high efficiency unless the growth medium which is sufficient for epithelioid cells is supplemented with embryo extract, or a cell feeder layer. Fibroblastic cells are also more resistant to tryptic digestion of the bond uniting the cells to glass surfaces. By use of differential media, growth of both fibroblastic and epithelioid cells, respectively, has been obtained, from dispersed single cells obtained by trypsinization of a specimen of human embryonic lung.
The asymmetrically hypertrophied septum. Further differentiation of its causes.
Authors: W E Larter, H D Allen, D J Sahn, S J Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Fifty-eight subjects with echocardiographic criteria for an abnormal septal to left ventricular posterior wall ratio were studied. Echocardiographic findings were related to clinical cardiac status. Abnormal ratios were found in normal children and in children with a variety of cardiac lesions, only one of which was obstructive or non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. In those without cardiomyopathy, the abnormal ratio usually resolved by one or two years of age. Persistence of abnormal ratio usually occurred in patients with increased right ventricular anterior wall thickness or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. The cause of abnormal ratio is multifactorial.
Book Review Obesity: Genomics and Postgenomics Edited by Karine Clément and Thorkild I.A. Sørensen. 576 pp., illustrated. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2008. $249.95. 978-0-8493-8089-1
Authors: Steven B. Heymsfield, Marc L. Reitman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Innate psychology and open-ended processes: Finding the middle ground
Authors: David Sloan Wilson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls's mechanistic account of emotion can help to bridge a rift within the field of evolutionary psychology. One side of the rift emphasizes the importance of innate psychological mechanisms that evolved to solve specific problems encountered in the ancestral environment. The other side emphasizes learning, development, and culture as open-ended evolutionary processes in their own right. Rolls shows how these two views can be reconciled, allowing a productive middle ground to be explored.