tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of histamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on myosin light chain phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Authors: A B Moy, S S Shasby, B D Scott, D M Shasby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Histamine causes adjacent endothelial cells to retract from each another. We examined phosphorylation of the 20-kD myosin light chain (MLC20) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to histamine to determine if we could find evidence to support the hypothesis that retraction of these cells in response to histamine represents an actomyosin-initiated contraction of the endothelial cytoskeleton. We found that MLC20 in HUVECs was constitutively phosphorylated with approximately 0.2 mol phosphate/mol MLC20. Histamine increased MLC20 phosphorylation by 0.18 +/- 0.05 mol phosphate/mol MLC20. This peak increase in phosphorylation occurred 30 s after initiating histamine exposure, persisted through 90s, and returned to control levels by 5 min. Agents that increase HUVEC cAMP prevent cell retraction in response to histamine. An increase in HUVEC cAMP decreased MLC20 phosphorylation by 0.18 +/- 0.02 mol phosphate/mol MLC20 and prevented the increase in MLC20 phosphorylation after exposure to histamine. Tryptic peptide maps of phosphorylated myosin light chain indicated that myosin light chain kinase phosphorylated MLC20 in HUVECs under basal, cAMP-, and histamine-stimulated conditions. Phosphoaminoacid analysis of the monophosphorylated peptide indicated that, in contrast to smooth muscle cells, ser19 and thr18 monophosphorylation occurs in HUVECs. On the basis of our results, modulation of myosin light chain kinase activity may be an important regulatory step in the control of endothelial barrier function.
INFLUENCE OF CORONARY CALCIFICATION ON THE ACCURACY OF DUAL SOURCE CT FOR CORONARY STENOSIS DETECTION IN PATIENTS WITH INTERMEDIATE LIKELIHOOD OF DISEASE: RESULTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER MEDIC TRIAL
Authors: Mohamed Marwan, Annika Schuhbaeck, Ravi Bathina, Tobias Pflederer, Udo Hoffmann, Suhny Abbara, Daniel Berman, Michael Lell, Christoph Becker, Joerg Hausleiter, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Carbon Dioxide Poisoning
Authors: H. I. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1958)

ADULT CHRONIC BRONCHITIS RDICATLJOURNAL increases.Conversely, continuous drug therapy prevents re- lapse in bronchitis, and the longer the duration of therapy the more effective the preventive measure against relapse appears to be.It would seem that relapse in chronic bronchitis during the summer and autumn months is con- siderably reduced, if not entirely prevented, by continuous antibiotic therapy.Without such continued treatment about half of the bronchitics during a six-monthly review period may be expected to relapse, and this seems to occur irrespective of whether antibiotics were used continuously in the previous season or not.Once a severe exacerbation occurs, many bronchitics are often appreciably disabled for a long period unless the relapse is intensively treated with antibiotics.These appear to be adequately suppressive in controlling the effects of bronchial infection.The suppressive action of oxytetracycline is apparently effective only during the period of its administration, and does not seem to prevent or even delay the appearance of relapse following its withdrawal.The relapse rates during six winter months from November to April in patients treated without antibiotics are but little different from those occurring in the months from April to November.How- ever, 80% of all relapses observed in the four treatment groups appeared between September and February.This may well be related to the climatic and atmospheric changes associated with the onset of autumn, particularly in highly industrialized communities.It would thus seem reasonable to initiate a six-months course of continuous broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy when the first significant relapse occurs.Since most of these relapses occur in the autumn and winter, such a course of treatment nlay well overcome the relapse itself and also prevent further deterioration during the winter months, when most bronchitics are mainly at risk.Also it may be anticipated that no further continuous antibiotic therapy may be required for about six months after completing this course of treatment.It would there- fore seem that only one period of continuous prolonged treatment with oxytetracycline in a dosage of 0.5-1 g. daily for about six months-the actual duration depending on the time of starting the treatment-may be required to prevent incapacitating exacerbations and maintain many bronchitics in effective and useful employment throughout the whole year.
Multibranched Acquired Periungual Fibrokeratoma
Authors: Tetsuya Moriue, Kozo Yoneda, Junko Moriue, Kozo Nakai, Yasuo Kubota
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Another possible explanation includes induction of nitric oxide synthase by sildenafil, stimulating further cGMP-mediated vasodilation, 5 permitting lymphatic dilatation and enhanced lymphatic drainage; endothelial nitric oxide synthase has also been shown to mediate lymphangiogenesis. 6 Novel effects of sildenafil on LM tissue should also be considered.A lack of PDE5 expression in LM endothelium in our study suggests that sildenafil is likely to produce decompression of LM via indirect effects on adjacent smooth muscle.We propose that sildenafil may mediate relaxation of perivascular smooth muscle in LM tissue, allowing decompression of dilated lymphatic spaces; additional studies to elucidate specific physiologic effects of sildenafil in LM are warranted.
Giant cell arteritis of myometrial and axillary arteries and polymyalgia rheumatica.
Authors: V Kyle, S H Dutoit, J Elias-Jones, B Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) of the uterus and adnexa is extremely rare--only nine cases have been reported. We report a further case, in which the patient was found to have GCA of the myometrial arteries on routine hysterectomy. She then developed another rare manifestation of GCA, involvement of the axillary arteries causing arm claudication and chronically ischaemic hands.
Breaking the embargo
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in the brain and at neuromuscular junctions. We used the structure of the acetylcholine binding protein from <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i> to model the chicken α7 agonist-binding domain. The initial models and a preliminary docking study suggested that position Leu118 may play an important role in determining agonist actions on α7. A prediction from these in silico studies, that L118E and L118D would retain binding to acetylcholine but L118K and L118R would not, was confirmed in electrophysiological studies on functional recombinant mutant receptors expressed in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> oocytes. The functional studies also demonstrated that residues at position 118 have a dramatic effect on the actions of imidacloprid (a partial agonist of wild-type α7 receptors) and its des-nitro derivative. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that Leu118 can strongly influence agonist binding and that the model was robust in terms of its prediction for acetylcholine binding. Together, the results indicate a role for Leu118 in influencing agonist actions on α7 nAChRs.
B-mode ultrasound in clinical trials. Answers and questions.
Authors: J R Crouse
Journal: Circulation (1993)

B -mode ultrasound imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries has been used to identify the outcome variable in case-control' and cross-sectional2 studies relating risk factors to arterial disease and in cohort studies relating risk factors to disease progression,3 and in this issue of Circulation, Blanken- horn et a14 provide evidence regarding its use in clinical trials.
Hospitals and Civil Rights, 1945-1963: The Case of Simkins v Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital
Authors: P. Preston Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

In the 1960s, the legacy of discrimination against black persons still existed in all areas of medicine.This historical analysis investigates the strategies that were used by lawyers alongside physicians, dentists, and patients in elevating health care for black persons. Primary resources include oral histories, government documents, hospital records, archival and personal manuscripts, and professional and hospital periodicals. After World War II, leaders in the black community were determined to improve health care for black persons by ending discrimination in hospital policies and practices.Leaders of professional organizations developed a collaborative strategy that involved the court system, federal legislation, and research and education of the public and health professionals to integrate the hospital system rather than to expand the existing separate-but-equal system. Efforts culminated in the case of Simkins v Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital; this case became the landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court and led to the elimination of segregated health care. Three months after the case, President Johnson ratified the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which included Title VI, thus extending the policy of equality to all federal programs. Laying a foundation for universal access to health care in the United States depended on a victory in the courts, in national health legislation, and in public opinion. All were achieved through strategic efforts to amass widespread support for the elimination of discrimination in medicine.
Spirituality and Chronic Illness
Authors: Allen W. Burton, James F. Arens
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized, double-blinded multicenter study. Comparison of intracoronary single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator, pro-urokinase (GE-0943), and intracoronary urokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: H Kambara, C Kawai, N Kajiwara, H Niitani, S Sasayama, K Kanmatsuse, K Kodama, H Sato, M Nobuyoshi, M Nakashima
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Coronary recanalization rates and changes in the coagulation and fibrinolysis system were evaluated in a randomized fashion in patients with acute myocardial infarction after intracoronary administration of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-urokinase: GE-0943) or urokinase. Three groups of patients were studied: group H (n = 50), 6,000 units pro-urokinase i.c.; group L (n = 44), 3,000 units pro-urokinase i.c.; and group U (n = 54), 960,000 IU urokinase i.c. Coronary recanalization rates determined angiographically after 45 minutes of intracoronary infusion averaged 90% in group H, 59% in group L, and 61% in group U. The differences were statistically significant between group H and the latter two groups. Pro-urokinase affected plasma proteins of the fibrinolytic system to a lesser degree than urokinase. Bleeding complications were present in one patient in group L, in none in group H, and in five in group U. Thus, intracoronary administration of 6,000 units pro-urokinase is more effective in coronary thrombolysis and causes less systemic fibrinogenolysis than intracoronary administration of urokinase.
Noninvasive measurement of femoral blood flow and portal pressure response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Angelo Luca, Juan Carlos Garí-Pagán, Faust Feu, Juan Carlos Lopez-Talavera, Mercedes Fernández, Concepció Bru, Jaime Bosch, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

This study investigated the correlation between changes in hepatic and systemic hemodynamics and femoral blood flow (FBF), measured by dual-beam pulsed wave Doppler, in 58 portal hypertensive patients receiving propranolol (0.15 mg/Kg intravenously; n = 44) or placebo (n = 14) under double-blind conditions. Placebo administration had no effects. Propranolol caused significant reductions (P < .0001) in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG; from 19.1 +/- 4.1 to 16.2 +/- 4.2 mm Hg), azygos blood flow (from 563 +/- 204 to 387 +/- 176 mL/min), cardiac index (CI; from 4.4 +/- 1.0 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 L/m2/min), and FBF (from 237 +/- 79 to 176 +/- 58 mL/m2/min). In 17 patients HVPG decreased below 12 mm Hg and/or more than 20% of the baseline value (good response; mean change, -26 +/- 8%); in the remaining 27 patients (poor response) the mean change in HVPG was less: -9 +/- 6%. Patients with a good response had bled less often from varices, had significantly higher FBF (272 +/- 73 vs. 215 +/- 76 mL/m2/min) and lower baseline HVPG (16.8 +/- 3.9 vs. 20.6 +/- 3.6 mm Hg) than those with poor response in HVPG. The good response was also associated with greater decreases in FBF (-33 +/- 12 vs. -19 +/- 13% in poor responders), CI (-30 +/- 9 vs. -19 +/- 12%), and heart rate (-19 +/- 5 vs. -16 +/- 6%). A decrease in FBF of > 20% predicted a good response in 16 of 28 patients (positive predictive value, 57%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PODS and TRONS
Authors: Darrell A. Jaques, Richard M. Hirata, John R. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Despite the warning by Dr Gregory L. Smith,<sup>1</sup>we report that the video game "PODS and TRONS" seems to be on the rise in our area. We also report that there have been some subversive tactics noted from both sides, with the stealing of some military secrets. Older players of this game might be used to seeing the PODS using scopes as one of their weapons. In a new version of this game, as pointed out by Dr Smith, the TRONS have added this weapon to their more traditional armamentarium of magical potions. It also seems that some TRONS are actually using lances through their scopes in the heat of battle. Could it be that these two opposing sides are becoming more alike?
10 Directed evolution of novel gene shuffled interferon alphas for the treatment of hepatitis C
Authors: A. Brideau-Andersen, X. Huang, S. Chang Sun, T. Chen, D. Stark, I. Sas, G. Dawes, L. Zadik, D. Guptill, S. Yang, Y.H. Chen, N.J. Skartved, T. Nissen, J. Symons, S. Viswanathan, P. Patten
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Diffusely Discordant In-111 WBC/Tc-99m SC Bone Marrow Uptake A Possible Chemotherapeutic Effect
Authors: DWIGHT M. ACHONG, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

In-111 WBC scintigraphy in a woman with relapsed acute lymphoid leukemia demonstrated normal uptake of white blood cells by the liver and spleen, but virtually absent bone marrow activity. Tc-99m SC imaging confirmed normal marrow function and distribution. A bone marrow biopsy revealed mildly hypocellular, regenerating marrow without leukemic infiltration. The effects of systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy on marrow reticuloendothelial function may have been responsible for this discordant uptake.
Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation at the vasospastic site in patients with variant angina.
Authors: K Egashira, T Inou, A Yamada, Y Hirooka, A Takeshita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as a cause of coronary vasospasm in patients with variant angina. This study aimed to determine if endothelium-dependent vasodilation evoked with substance P (SP) was altered at the spastic site where vasospasm was induced by acetylcholine (ACH) in patients with variant angina. It has been shown that SP evokes endothelium-dependent vasodilation with no direct effect on vascular smooth muscle in excised human coronary arteries. SP and ACH were infused into the coronary arteries in nine patients with variant angina in whom coronary arteriograms showed normal or mild atherosclerotic lesions. The vasomotor responses of coronary arteries were assessed by quantitative arteriography. ACH at a high dose (100 micrograms/min) provoked coronary vasospasm associated with anginal attack in all patients. In contrast, SP at graded doses (13.5, 40, and 135 ng/min) caused the dose-dependent and comparable increases in the coronary diameter at the spastic and control sites. ACH at a low dose (10 micrograms/min) also caused comparable vasodilation at the spastic and control sites in patients with normal coronary arteries. Coronary vasodilating responses to SP were comparable in patients with variant angina and those with atypical chest pain. The results indicate that endothelium-dependent vasodilation evoked with SP and ACH at the low dose was present at the vasospastic site in patients with variant angina. These findings suggest that the ACH-induced coronary vasospasm in patients with variant angina results from hyperreactivity of vascular smooth muscle to ACH but not from endothelial dysfunction.
Physicians and the New Sexual Freedom
Authors: IRADJ SIASSI, MIVART THOMAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Articles in the popular press and books by mental health practitioners have raised the question of whether psychiatrists should have sexual relations with their patients. The authors compare the relationship between a physician and a patient with that between a parent and a child and conclude that sexual involvement with a patient impairs the empathy and objectivity that are necessary for therapeutic effect.
NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETES AND PREDIABETES IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PREDICTS ADVERSE OUTCOMES DURING A THREE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP: RESULTS OF THE SWEETHEART REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm Gitt, Peter Bramlage, Frank Towae, Andrea Papp, Evelin Deeg, Jochen Senges, Uwe Zeymer, Ralf Zahn, Holger Fleischmann, Steffen Boehler, Oliver Schnell, Eberhard Standl, Diethelm Tschöpe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
PCM1-JAK2 fusion in myeloproliferative disorders and acute erythroid leukemia with t(8;9) translocation
Authors: A Murati, V Gelsi-Boyer, J Adélaïde, C Perot, P Talmant, S Giraudier, L Lodé, A Letessier, B Delaval, V Brunel, M Imbert, R Garand, L Xerri, D Birnbaum, M J Mozziconacci, M Chaffanet
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Early Prediction of Nonprogression in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Erlotinib By Using [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose and [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Thomas Zander, Matthias Scheffler, Lucia Nogova, Carsten Kobe, Walburga Engel-Riedel, Martin Hellmich, Irini Papachristou, Karin Toepelt, Andreas Draube, Lukas Heukamp, Reinhard Buettner, Yon D. Ko, Roland T. Ullrich, Egbert Smit, Ronald Boellaard, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Michael Hallek, Andreas H. Jacobs, Andreas Schlesinger, Karin Schulte, Silvia Querings, Erich Stoelben, Bernd Neumaier, Roman K. Thomas, Markus Dietlein, Jürgen Wolf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Positron emission tomography (PET) with both 2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and 3'-[(18)F]fluoro-3'-deoxy-L-thymidine (FLT) was evaluated with respect to the accuracy of early prediction of nonprogression following erlotinib therapy, independent from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational status, in patients with previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Thirty-four patients with untreated stage IV NSCLC were evaluated in this phase II trial. Changes in FDG and FLT uptake after 1 (early) and 6 (late) weeks of erlotinib treatment were compared with nonprogression measured by computed tomography after 6 weeks of treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).Changes in FDG uptake after 1 week of therapy predicted nonprogression after 6 weeks of therapy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (P = .02). Furthermore, patients with an early metabolic FDG response (cutoff value: 30% reduction in the peak standardized uptake value) had significantly longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.59; P = .002) and OS (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.96; P = .04). Early FLT response also predicted significantly longer PFS (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.95; P = .04) but not OS and was not predictive for nonprogression after 6 weeks of therapy.Early FDG-PET predicts PFS, OS, and nonprogression after 6 weeks of therapy with erlotinib in unselected, previously untreated patients with advanced NSCLC independent from EGFR mutational status.
Prebiotic fiber modulation of the gut microbiota improves risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jill A. Parnell, Raylene A. Reimer
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Prebiotic fibers are non-digestible carbohydrates that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Prebiotic consumption may benefit obesity and associated co-morbidities by improving or normalizing the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. We evaluated the dose response to a prebiotic diet on the gut microbiota, body composition and obesity associated risk factors in lean and genetically obese rats. Prebiotic fibers increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes, a profile often associated with a leaner phenotype. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus numbers also increased. Changes in the gut microbiota correlated with energy intake, glucose, insulin, satiety hormones, and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis evaluating the results through the lens of the gut microbiota. Salient, new developments impacting the interpretation and significance of our data are discussed. We propose that prebiotic fibers have promise as a safe and cost-effective means of modulating the gut microbiota to promote improved host:bacterial interactions in obesity and insulin resistance. Human clinical trials should be undertaken to confirm these effects.
More theory and evolution, please!
Authors: Radu J Bogdan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Heyes's (1998) skepticism about theory of mind (ToM) in nonhuman primates exploits the idea of a strong and unified theory of mind in humans based on an unanalyzed category of mental state. It also exploits narrow debates about crucial observations and experiments while neglecting wider evolutionary trends. I argue against both exploitations.
Medicinae Doctor, 1950
Authors: Paul Dufault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN THIS year 1950, Medicinae Doctor stands alone, a puzzled, self-conscious person. Disturbed by events abroad affecting the status of his brethren, uneasy about some tendencies at home, and at the same time fascinated by the rapid advances made in his own field of endeavor, he turns a searching eye on his profession and a critical one on himself.The Physician Looks at HimselfJudging by literature, the theater and some of the arts, he knows that, for centuries, doctors did not stand very high in public esteem — Montaigne, and later on, Molière, to mention only two famous literary . . .
New Deadly Virus Identified
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Investigators from institutions in China and the United States have indentified a novel virus in patients with a life-threatening disease called severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS; Yu X-J et al. N Engl J Med. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095 [published online ahead of print March 16, 2011]).