tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOT SO "ARCUS NOT SO SENILIS"
Authors: LOUIS E. GRENZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 April 1968NOT SO "ARCUS NOT SO SENILIS"LOUIS E. GRENZER, M.D.LOUIS E. GRENZER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-4-964 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In the February 1968 ANNALSit was reported, as those of us who examine patients have long suspected, that "arcus senilis" is not so uncommon in the young. It is suggested that the lesion should thus be labeled "arcus corneae." However, the term "arcus" is also a misnomer. An arc is a portion of a circle. Since this lesion generally forms acompletering around the scleral margin of the cornea, it would appear desirable to label it "annulus corneae" and thus correct both halves of the misnomer.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LOUIS E. GRENZER, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1968Volume 68, Issue 4Page: 964-964KeywordsCorneaLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract IA25: Inflammation as the trigger of somatic epigenome defects in prostate cancer
Authors: William G. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer has achieved epidemic proportions among men in the United States (US) and developed world; inflammation of the peripheral zone of the prostate, where the cancers arise, is just as ubiquitous (1). Accumulating insights from studies of prostatic carcinogenesis, using either human biospecimens or rodent models, indicate that stressors which cause prostate inflammation, including infections, estrogens, and the diet, also cause prostate cancer (1). Chronic inflammation in the prostate peripheral zone leads to the appearance of focal atrophy lesions of the prostate epithelium, replete with corpora amylacea, cellular and nuclear atypia, and a prostate stroma infiltrated by inflammatory cells (2). These proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions serve as the earliest precursors to prostate cancers, where epigenetic gene silencing, telomere shortening, and activation of c-Myc expression drive neoplastic transformation (3). Gene translocations/deletions that generate fusion transcripts between androgen-regulated genes (such as TMPRSS2) and genes encoding ETS family transcription factors (such as ERG1), typically arise later, during progression to invasive prostate cancer (4). The end consequence of these acquired defects in genes and in gene function is life-threatening prostate cancer, which when lethal exhibits widespread genome and epigenome corruption. Epigenetic silencing of GSTP1, encoding an oxidant and carcinogen detoxifying enzyme, is emblematic of the earliest steps in prostatic carcinogenesis, triggered in some way by prostate hypermethylation of the GSTP1 CpG island. This acquired epigenome alteration is present in nearly all prostate cancer cases, appearing at the very initiation of transformation, with some 5–10% of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions and &amp;gt; 70% of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions affected, and persisting throughout prostate cancer progression (3). In mouse models of prostate cancer, the mouse homologs of GSTP1, Gstp1 and Gstp2, serve as tumor suppressors, limiting progression of PIN to prostate cancer. Hopefully, such models can be used to ascertain how de novo GSTP1 methylation occurs during the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Chronic or recurrent inflammatory processes leading to PIA appear to be the major driver of the prostate cancer epidemic in the developed world, raising the possibility that attenuation or prevention of inflammation, or of inflammatory damage to the prostate, might serve to prevent disease morbidity and mortality. Citation Format: William G. Nelson. Inflammation as the trigger of somatic epigenome defects in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
Nursing Care of Cancer Patients in Hospital and Home
Authors: R. Hilkemeyer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1958)

Every professional nurse has a definite responsibility in cancer control and can cer nursing whether actively engaged in institutional, public health, industrial, private duty, office nursing, or even if she is inactive.With a steady increase in the cancer death rate since 1934, cancer now ranks as the second cause of death in the United States.The mortality rate for can cer in 1957 was 147 per 100,000 popula tion.There are 245 new cases per 100,000 population per year.Present rates indicate one in every four persons now living will develop cancer.Cancer is no respecter of age or sex.It is the leading cause of death from dis ease in children under 15 years of age and in women between the ages of 35 and 55.More men than women die of cancer; the proportion is 53 to 47.Twenty-five years ago, the survival rate was 20 per cent, but with earlier diagnosis and treatment it has increased to 35 per cent.In 1955, the majority of men who died because of cancer had the disease in the following sites: digestive tract, including stomach, 37.5 per cent; respiratory sys
The puberty that almost wasn't: helping men mature
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A few adult men have recently gone through puberty for the first time, as a result of intermittent therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). These men "generally look like 12-year-olds," says Andrew R. Hoffman, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine, California. They are beardless, lack muscle mass, and have genitals one half to one third the normal adult size. They tend to live "celibate, almost monastic lives," Hoffman adds. "It's very sad," he elaborates. "They don't date women because of the fear that they will be asked to perform sexually, and they obviously can't. And they usually stop buddying around with men by the time they're 17 or 18 because it's embarrassing to go into a locker room." The men's problems result from idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—in most cases congenital—so called because, for unknown reasons, the hypothalamus does not secrete LHRH in sufficient quantities, or in
Early suppression of SIV replication by CD8+ nef-specific cytotoxic T cells in vaccinated macaques
Authors: Awen Gallimore, Martin Cranage, Nicola Cook, Neil Almond, Janet Bootman, Erling Ruo, Pete Silvera, Michael Dennis, Terry Corcoran, Jim Stott, Andrew Mcmichael, Frances Gotch
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Thoracic Radiotherapy Does Not Prolong Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced, Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: David H. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To compare the survival of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with single-agent vindesine, thoracic radiotherapy, or both treatment modalities. Design: Randomized, prospective, phase III trial. Setting: Multi-institutional, university-based national cooperative oncology group. Patients: The study included 319 patients with locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer who had no evidence of extrathoracic metastases. All patients were ambulatory and had measurable disease. Some patients could not have surgery because of coexisting medical conditions. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive vindesine, 3 mg/m2 body surface area weekly; standard thoracic radiotherapy, 60 Gy over 6 weeks; or both vindesine and thoracic radiotherapy. Vindesine was administered for 6 weeks and then every other week to patients who had no disease progression. Patients who developed progressive disease while receiving vindesine or radiotherapy alone were crossed over to radiotherapy or vindesine, respectively. Response assessment took place at week 6. Results: The overall response rate was superior in the radiotherapy arms (radiotherapy alone, 30%; radiotherapy plus vindesine, 34%; vindesine alone, 10%; P = 0.001). However, with a minimum follow-up of 42 months, no improvement in survival has been seen with radiotherapy. The median survival was 8.6 months for patients receiving radiotherapy alone, 9.4 months for those receiving radiotherapy plus vindesine, and 10.1 months for those receiving vindesine (P = 0.58). Radiotherapy also failed to improve long-term survival. The 5-year survivals were 3%, 3%, and 1%, respectively (P = 0.56). Conclusion: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have inoperable, nonmetastatic disease gain no clinically meaningful survival advantage with immediate thoracic irradiation, even when modern megavoltage radiation therapy techniques and equipment are used.
Book: Thinking about Patients
Authors: J. Playfer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

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Petroc Press, £29.95, pp 214

ISBN 1 900603 49 7

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If in the wider intellectual world medicine is a remote and insignificant island, David Misselbrook's book is a letter in a bottle trying to reconnect medicine with the general culture. Thinking about Patients is an explanation of medical thinking from the perspective of a general practitioner working on a council estate in south London. It is a plea for a re-evaluation of medicine and as such it has great resonance. The simplicity …

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STRASSBURG AND STUTTGART.1
Authors: N. Senn
Journal: JAMA (1887)

Kœberlé; his Methods; Treatment of the Abdominal Wound—Burckhardt—Stab-wound of the Liver— Stab-wound of the Stomach—Extirpation of the Larynx—Empyema of Frontal Sinuses—Antisepsis in Stuttgart Hospitals—Tuberculosis of Bone, Joints and Lymphatics—Peritoneal Sarcoma or Tuberculosis?—Osteotomy for Genu Valgum and Varum: <h3>Dear Dr. Fenger :</h3> —One of the most interesting men in Strassburg is Dr. Kœberlé. He is 65 years of age, and until recently lived the life of a bachelor in his comfortable and luxuriously furnished house opposite the Allerheiligen Hospital His young and beautiful wife has done her share towards his rejuvenation, and the climax of happiness culminated in the Kœberlé family on the appearance of an heir to the fame and fortune of the distinguished laparotomist. For nearly half a century this faithful worker knew no pleasure outside of his profession, laboring faithfully in the interest of science and for the welfare of his fellow men, and is therefore entitled to
Functional IL-12 and IFNg receptors, and isolated low IgM, in an eight-year-old boy with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection otherwise consistent with the phenotype of IL-12 and IFNg receptor deficiency
Authors: T.A. Funkhouser, V. Dewyea, M. Nelson, R. Engler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Abstract P2-14-01: Fulvestrant vs exemestane for treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients with acquired resistance to non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors – a meta-analysis of EFECT and SoFEA (CRUKE/03/021 &amp; CRUK/09/007)
Authors: SRD Johnston, S Chia, LS Kilburn, WJ Gradishar, D Cameron, D Dodwell, P Ellis, A Howell, Y-H Im, G Coombes, M Piccart, M Dowsett, J Bliss
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Optimal endocrine treatment (trt) for post-menopausal women with ER+ advanced breast cancer (ABC) progressing on or following a non-steroidal (NS) aromatase inhibitor (AI) is unclear. The EFECT study showed no difference in efficacy between the steroidal antiestrogen fulvestrant (F) &amp; steroidal AI exemestane (E) in this setting (HR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.13; p = 0.65). Pre-clinical data suggest F may be more effective in a low estrogen environment. SoFEA investigated F combined with anastrozole (F+A) in patients (pts) with acquired resistance to previous AI compared with F alone &amp; F alone vs. E. The combination of F+A was no better than F (HR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.83, 1.21; p = 0.98) nor F alone better than E (HR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.79, 1.14; p = 0.56); the lack of added benefit for F+A is consistent with previous 1st-line studies that have assessed this combination versus A alone (FACT &amp; SWOG-S0226). Methods: SoFEA is a multi-center partially blinded randomized phase III study postmenopausal women were allocated to F plus A (F+A n=243), F plus placebo (n = 231) or E (n = 249). Similarly, EFECT is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, multi-center phase III trial of F (n = 351) versus E (n = 342) in postmenopausal women (see table). However, given the differences in prior endocrine therapy/responsiveness within SoFEA &amp; EFECT populations, an individual pt meta-analysis combining data from SoFEA &amp; EFECT will be conducted enabling exploration of putative effects within specific pt subgroups to establish evidence in support, or not, of a pt subgroup sensitive to F at the dose used in these trials. Subgroups to be analysed include receptor status, visceral involvement, AI sensitivity, age, NSAI setting &amp; time on NSAI. Results: 723 pts (480 in F &amp; E) were enrolled from 82 UK &amp; 4 South Korean centers (03/2004-04/2010) in SoFEA. 693 pts were enrolled from 138 centers worldwide (08/2003-11/2005) in EFECT. Trt was well tolerated in both trials; serious adverse events were rare. The meta-analysis will be conducted in July 2012 &amp; results presented. Conclusion: Combining individual pt data from SoFEA &amp; EFECT via meta-analysis will provide definitive clinical information on pt's response to F at the dose used in these studies, in particular whether certain pts with acquired resistance to NSAI do experience benefit of use of this antiestrogen as opposed to E. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-01.
From Systemic T Cell Self-Reactivity to Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease via Immunoglobulins
Authors: Anne-Sophie Korganow, Hong Ji, Sara Mangialaio, Véronique Duchatelle, Roberta Pelanda, Thierry Martin, Claude Degott, Hitoshi Kikutani, Klaus Rajewsky, Jean-Louis Pasquali, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: Immunity (1999)
The Evaluation of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Peter F. Fedullo, Victor F. Tapson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

An otherwise healthy 51-year-old woman presents to her physician with pleuritic right posterior chest pain, without dyspnea or hemoptysis. Her temperature is 38.2°C, and her pulse is 102 beats per minute. Physical examination discloses a pleural friction rub over the posterior right hemithorax but is otherwise unremarkable. A chest radiograph is normal. She is treated with an antiinflammatory agent for presumed viral pleurisy. Three days later, she returns, reporting dyspnea. How should she be evaluated?
Medicine and War—A Metaphor
Authors: John W. Burnside
Journal: JAMA (1983)

James Childress is a doctor of philosophy and a thoughtful fellow. At a recent meeting, he suggested that war was a metaphor for medicine. Now Dr Childress has a long reputation as a medical ethicist and careful writer about many dilemmas in medicine, but I thought his pronouncement strange. He then related to me examples of the diction of medicine that illustrated his point well. Consider the following examples: We declare WAR on heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Our chief national medical officer is the SURGEON GENERAL who leads the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CORPS. Patients suffer from ATTACKS of disease. We LAUNCH investigations by ordering a BATTERY of tests to define the OFFENDING organism or weakness in the body's DEFENSE system. An ARMY of specialists might help us with a COMBINED ATTACK in the STRUGGLE to survive against the RAVAGES of disease. We scour the therapeutic ARMAMENTARIUM to define the
Malabsorption and schistosomal involvement of jejunum.
Authors: S M Sherif
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Two further mechanisms of interference with B.S.P. clearance merit attention.Alterations in the characteristics of serum albumin (Crawford and Hooi, 1968) and the relative de- ficiency of the hepatic cytoplasmic organic anion acceptor pro- tein Y (Levi et al., 1969) have been shown to interfere with B.S.P. uptake by the liver.The effect of halothane on these criteria would be of interest.Finally, species variations are naturally a pertinent criticism of the type of study presented here.A mixture of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats (as supplied in these laboratories) have been used in this study.Wistar rats have been reported as having genetic variations in enzyme patterns (Javitt, 1965), but it should be emphasized that in this study the same animals were used as controls as were exposed to anaesthetic agents.Despite such factors, these findings are regarded as significant in that they serve as a pointer to further directions in aninial studies and possible application to comparable human situations.
Activation of the epidermal growth factor signalling pathway by tissue plasminogen activator in pancreas cancer cells
Authors: M. Hurtado, J. J. Lozano, E. Castellanos, L. A Lopez-Fernandez, K. Harshman, C. Martinez-A, A. R Ortiz, T. M Thomson, R. Paciucci
Journal: Gut (2007)

<b>Background:</b> Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the major activator of plasminogen in plasma. This serine protease is overexpressed by exocrine pancreas tumour cells, where it promotes tumour cell proliferation, growth, and invasion. Here we have explored the signalling pathways used by tPA to activate the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Transcriptional profiling on cDNA micro arrays was used to analyse the pattern of gene expression in response to tPA compared to the response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Results were confirmed using different biochemical assays in which specific kinase inhibitors or RNA interference were used. <b>Results:</b> Transcriptional profiling showed that tPA modulates the expression of a set of genes commonly regulated by EGF, but distinct from the major set of genes modulated by PDGF. This suggested that tPA and EGF share common signalling pathways, a conclusion supported by further experimental evidence. Firstly, we found that tPA induced a rapid and transient phosphorylation of the EGFR. Secondly, specific EGFR kinase inhibitors, but not PDGFR kinase inhibitors, abolished the tPA induced phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 kinases and cell proliferation. The mitogenic activity of tPA was also inhibited by siRNA depletion of EGFR, thus confirming the involvement of this receptor in tPA triggered signalling. Thirdly, we show that the signalling and mitogenic effects of tPA require its proteolytic activity, the activity of the metalloprotease-9 and active hb-EGF. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that tPA induces proliferation by triggering a proteolytic cascade that sequentially activates plasmin, metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and hb-EGF. These events are required to activate the EGFR signalling pathway and cell proliferation.
Organ Transplantation and Chagas Disease
Authors: Javier D. Altclas
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Panniculitis (Lupus Profundus)
Authors: EFRAÍN DÍAZ-JOUANEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Six patients are described in whom panniculitis was a major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. These patients were seen in a combined-clinics population of 270 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for an incidence of approximately 2%. Panniculitis was the first symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus in three of these patients indicating that systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as an underlying cause in patients with panniculitis or Weber-Christian's disease. Analysis of these six cases and those previously reported suggests that the addition of hydroxychloroquine to the treatment regimen may be beneficial in lupus panniculitis.
Israel allows removal of sperm from dead men at wives' request
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Israel's attorney general, Elyakim Rubinstein, has issued formal regulations that will allow the removal of sperm from a man's body at the request of his wife or common law wife.

His decision results from a series of eight cases in which bereaved wives had filed urgent requests in the courts to allow their husbands' semen to be removed within hours of death so that it could be frozen and used to impregnate them. In all the cases the judges made a decision, in the absence of legislation, according to their individual understanding of the case.

Under the new regulations the woman, who may be a wife or common law wife, must obtain the …
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Scales of Justices: Exploring the Wilderness of Health Care and Society's Moral Conscience
Authors: David L. Freeman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 June 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Scales of Justices: Exploring the Wilderness of Health Care and Society's Moral ConscienceDavid L. Freeman, MDDavid L. Freeman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Scales of Justices: Exploring the Wilderness of Health Care and Society's Moral ConscienceEmerita T. Gueson. 213 pages. Bristol, Indiana: Wyndham Hall; 1992. $29.95.In this tale of fiction, two resident physicians unceasingly work in an overwhelmingly busy city hospital. Drs. Laura and Michael give tireless, selfless, empathetic care to the urban poor, but they confront a profit-motivated and cruel healthcare system, which conspires to deprive their patients of critical medical services. For their efforts, they are mugged, robbed, sued for malpractice, and, in Michael's case, infected fatally by AIDS acquired from a patient's blood. In the story's background, reading like the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David L. Freeman, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 12 Page: 990 Keywords Crime Drugs Health care Health maintenance organizations Hospital medicine Placenta Pregnancy Suicide Vision Wilderness ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...