tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial Metastasis of Esophageal Carcinoma Detected by Follow-up FDG PET/CT
Authors: G Moulin-Romsee, W De Wever, E Verbeken, L Mortelmans
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Atrial metastases are extremely rare. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma, treated with induction radio- and chemotherapy and surgical resection (Ro). On follow up with FDG-PET/CT for suspected progressive disease with metastasis to liver (segment V), high uptake was noted in the right atrium. Based on this the diagnosis of an atrial metastasis was made. Subsequent follow-up echocardiography was unable to confirm the atrial mass. The patient died because of progressive disease and concomitant lung disease. Autopsy and histology confirmed metastasis of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus.
Effect of calcium deposition on copper IUDs
Authors: J. R Newton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Bacteriological cultures of human milk samples Growth of bacteria No of Per cent cases No growth .. .528 49 <10000/ml .. .408 38 10 000-20 000/ml 88 8 >20000ml ...51 5 Total .1075 100was put together and used without heating.The milk with growth less than 20 000 bacteria/ml was also pooled but used only after heating.Milk with growth of more than 20 000 bacteria/ml was discarded.We believe that the most important point in achieving "clean" milk is to give the mothers adequate instructions about how to collect and store their breast milk properly.This information can best be given at home if the milk is brought from there.The goal should be milk without bacteria.If growth of bacteria is found the reason must be discussed with the donor.When donors are informed that "clean" milk can be given to infants without harmful heating they really try and usually succeed in keeping their milk uncontaminated.According to our experience carefully collected breast milk can be kept in a refrigerator for at least three days without any growth of bacteria.So, depending on the way milk is collected and stored, pooled human milk can also be used without heating.The question to be answered, however, remains how much contaminated milk needs to be pasteurised and in what way.
Liver collagen mRNA and serum amino-terminal peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) levels in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Marie Leblond-Francillard, Christine Augereau, Bertrand Nalpas, Jean-C. Trinchet, Daniel-J. Hartmann, Pierre Berthelot, Michel Beaugrand, Christian Brechot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Statistics in clinical practice
Authors: J Orchard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Silence on clinical fundamentalsYour point about lifesaving hand washing to prevent diarrhoeal illness 1 is well made.I have found that the inattention you have noted to such clinical fundamentals in textbooks on sports medicine is mirrored by the absence of any notation, affirmative or otherwise, in many textbooks on pain, correlating the symptom (pain) with the physical sign (tenderness), a rudimentary clinical confirmation of the validity of pain, according to my clinical training in Ireland, that could distinguish malingering from a genuine complaint of pain, for example.Perhaps I have received a false impression but, if so, the utility of eliciting tenderness, a longstanding custom during physical examination, seems a mystery.In November 2002, I attended a conference in Florida on prescribing addictive drugs.None of the purportedly expert presenters mentioned the issue spontaneously.When I collared one of them after his lecture and enquired specifically about the point, he claimed that chronic, non-malignant pain and tenderness are usually ''dissociated''that is, a patient can suffer chronic, nonmalignant pain in the absence of tenderness of the painful part, on physical examination.This assertion seemed contrary to my own, admittedly anecdotal, experience over some 24 years.Furthermore, it would seem to (a) render chronic, non-malignant pain, and maybe all pain, unknowable and undetectable (except perhaps to the alleged sufferer, although nobody else can tell), (b) place the assessment of pain in the realm of ''pathological science'', 5 and (c) invalidate the very idea of regulation of narcotic drugs to ensure that the practitioner prescribe one only when it ''corresponds to the ailment''. 5 The silence on the subject in the medical literature seemed anomalous.A Boolean Pubmed search on the keywords ''pain'' and ''tenderness'' revealed no relevant articles.I examined all 114 textbooks on pain in the medical library of the University of Southern California (USC) and found two 2 3 that addressed the issue.
Combination of Local Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Systemic Anti-angiogenic Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Eleni Liapi, Jean-Francois H. Geschwind
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

The pathophysiologic complexity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and underlying hepatic cirrhosis, make optimal treatment choice a clinical challenge. The radical change in the treatment algorithm of patients with advanced unresectable HCC over the past 7 years, with the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents in patients with only preserved liver function reflect this challenge.Even though data from studies on the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and anti-angiogenic agents demonstrate a survival advantage in selected patients, this combination is not straightforward. In this review, we'll examine current data of administering anti-angiogenic therapy in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and critically evaluate the progress and gaps in current knowledge.
Interferon-Inducible Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Broadly Inhibits Viral Entry by Production of 25-Hydroxycholesterol
Authors: Su-Yang Liu, Roghiyh Aliyari, Kelechi Chikere, Guangming Li, Matthew D. Marsden, Jennifer K. Smith, Olivier Pernet, Haitao Guo, Rebecca Nusbaum, Jerome A. Zack, Alexander N. Freiberg, Lishan Su, Benhur Lee, Genhong Cheng
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI-774) Antagonizes ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 and ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2–Mediated Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhi Shi, Xing-Xiang Peng, In-Wha Kim, Suneet Shukla, Qiu-Sheng Si, Robert W. Robey, Susan E. Bates, Tong Shen, Charles R. Ashby, Li-Wu Fu, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

It has been reported that gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has the ability to modulate the function of certain ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and to reverse ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein)- and ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2; breast cancer resistance protein/mitoxantrone resistance protein)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. However, it is unknown whether other EGFR TKIs have effects similar to that of gefitinib. In the present study, we have investigated the interaction of another EGFR TKI, erlotinib, with selected ABC drug transporters. Our findings show that erlotinib significantly potentiated the sensitivity of established ABCB1 or ABCG2 substrates and increased the accumulation of paclitaxel or mitoxantrone in ABCB1- or ABCG2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, erlotinib did not significantly alter the sensitivity of non-ABCB1 or non-ABCG2 substrates in all cells and was unable to reverse MRP1-mediated MDR and had no effect on the parental cells. However, erlotinib remarkably inhibited the transport of E(2)17 beta G and methotrexate by ABCG2. In addition, the results of ATPase assays show that erlotinib stimulated the ATPase activity of both ABCB1 and ABCG2. Interestingly, erlotinib slightly inhibited the photolabeling of ABCB1 with [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) at high concentration, but it did not inhibit the photolabeling of ABCG2 with IAAP. Overall, we conclude that erlotinib reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR in cancer cells through direct inhibition of the drug efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2. These findings may be useful for cancer combinational therapy with erlotinib in the clinic.
Unusual Complication From a Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: Walter E. Matern
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WE PRESENT an unusual complication that resulted from pacemaker placement in the abdominal wall. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 86-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in January 1977 because of severe cramping abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, starting six hours earlier. In March 1972, a bipolar demand pacemaker was placed in the left lower abdominal quadrant between the peritoneum and the deep fascia, because of complete heart block. The abdominal site was chosen because a pacemaker previously placed in the right anterior chest wall became infected. The abdominal pacemaker functioned well until September 1974, when the rate slowed spontaneously. A chest x-ray film showed a broken lead. Surgery was then performed and the lead found to be conducting poorly. This lead was capped, creating a unipolar system. On this present admission, physical examination disclosed blood pressure, 120/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 96 beats per minute; respirations, 32/min; and temperature,
Eosinophil-dependent skin innervation and itching following contact toxicant exposure in mice
Authors: James J. Lee, Cheryl A. Protheroe, Huijun Luo, Sergei I. Ochkur, Gregory D. Scott, Katie R. Zellner, Randall J. Raish, Mark V. Dahl, Miriam L. Vega, Olivia Conley, Rachel M. Condjella, Jake A. Kloeber, Joseph L. Neely, Yash S. Patel, Patty Maizer, Andrew Mazzolini, Allison D. Fryer, Noah W. Jacoby, David B. Jacoby, Nancy A. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The Relation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies to T-Cell Subsets in Homosexually Active Men
Authors: Roger Detels
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Eighty-nine homosexual men participated in a study of sexual practices, T-cell subsets, and antibody titers to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The prevalence of antibody to CMV was 96% and to EBV, 94%. Titers to CMV were higher in those practicing receptive anal intercourse. The CMV antibody titers were positively correlated with the T-helper/suppressor ratio, number of partners and venereal disease episodes, number of T-suppressor cells, and EBV titers. Twelve percent of the participants had a low ratio only, 18% T-suppressor augmentation, and 3% T-helper deficiency. The CMV titer and prevalence of receptive anal intercourse were higher in those with a low ratio only, T-suppressor augmentation, and T-helper deficiency. These results suggest that CMV infection is acquired through receptive anal intercourse and is associated with an increase in T-suppressor cells and, in some persons, a decrease in T-helper cells.
Illumination of Internal Cavities by Means of the Electric Light
Authors: T. Oliver, J. B. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1883)

ordinary spinal instruments, with two lateral, and (in cases of Pott's dfsease) two posterior upright bars of steel, to allow space between them for the spinous processes, and jointed for extension; to these are rivetted above two thin pieces of truss-spring about three inches apart, encircling the body, hinged anteriorly six inches from the centre, and fastening in front with a small spring button at intervals of a quarter of an inch.To these lateral hoops is attached, by rivets, a band of India-rubber, graduating from half a line in thickness above to three-quarters of an inch below, as seen in the engraving, the whole being padded with washleather or other soft material, and perforated for lightness (in upper dorsal disease, a large perforation can be made corresponding to the prominent vertebra).This instrument has been made, under my direction, by Messrs. Mappin and Co., of New Street, Birmingham: and in the one case for which I have applied it I have been perfectly satisfied with the result obtained.It allows fairly free movement of the body below the point at which it grasps the thorax, and in no way interferes with the respiration.I may add that, since reading Dr.Roberts's paper, I have directed Messrs. Mappin to make a similar instrument, with a spiral spring placed in a socket in each of the uprights for the reception of the upper part of the instrument in lieu of the screw-joints, and which I have reason to hope will still
Evaluation of Dose-Related Effects of Aspirin on Platelet Function
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Kevin P. Bliden, Joseph DiChiara, Justin Newcomer, Willy Weng, Nagaraj K. Neerchal, Tania Gesheff, Srivasavi K. Chaganti, Amena Etherington, Udaya S. Tantry
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is attributed to platelet cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. Controversy exists on the prevalence of platelet resistance to aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease and effects of aspirin dose on inhibition. Our primary aim was to determine the degree of platelet aspirin responsiveness in patients, as measured by commonly used methods, and to study the relation of aspirin dose to platelet inhibition.We prospectively studied the effect of aspirin dosing on platelet function in 125 stable outpatients with coronary artery disease randomized in a double-blind, double-crossover investigation (81, 162, and 325 mg/d for 4 weeks each over a 12-week period). At all doses of aspirin, platelet function was low as indicated by arachidonic acid (AA)-induced light transmittance aggregation, thrombelastography, and VerifyNow. At any 1 dose, resistance to aspirin was 0% to 6% in the overall group when AA was used as the agonist, whereas it was 1% to 27% by other methods [collagen and ADP-induced light transmittance aggregation, platelet function analyzer (PFA-100)]. Platelet response to aspirin as measured by collagen-induced light transmittance aggregation, ADP-induced light transmittance aggregation, PFA-100 (81 mg versus 162 mg, P < or = 0.05), and urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 was dose-related (81 mg versus 325 mg, P = 0.003). No carryover effects were observed.The assessment of aspirin resistance is highly assay-dependent; aspirin is an effective blocker of AA-induced platelet function at all doses, whereas higher estimates of resistance were observed with methods that do not use AA as the stimulus. The observation of dose-dependent effects despite nearly complete inhibition of AA-induced aggregation suggests that aspirin may exert antiplatelet properties through non-cyclooxygenase-1 pathways and deserves further investigation.
Studies in normal and chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils indicate a correlation of tubulin tyrosinolation with the cellular redox state.
Authors: J Nath, J I Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

A specific stimulation of tubulin tyrosinolation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is induced by the synthetic peptide chemoattractant, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), and this stimulation of tyrosinolation in PMN is completely inhibited in the presence of various reducing agents. Further studies to characterize the mechanism of stimulation of tyrosinolation in PMN have revealed that conditions that inhibited the respiratory burst in stimulated PMN, e.g., an anaerobic atmosphere, or addition of antioxidants such as cysteamine, azide, or 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also inhibited the peptide-induced stimulation of tyrosinolation in these cells. Moreover, the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide, depressed tyrosinolation in resting PMN and completely inhibited the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced stimulation. In contrast, addition of diamide, which preferentially oxidizes cellular glutathione, significantly stimulated tyrosinolation both in resting and fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMN. Furthermore, resting levels of tyrosinolation in seven patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), whose oxidative metabolism is severely depressed, were 35-45% lower (P less than 0.01). Most strikingly, PMN from CGD patients failed to respond to fMet-Leu-Phe or the Ca2+-ionophore A23187, which also induced stimulation of tyrosinolation in normal resting PMN. Methylene blue normalized the depressed tyrosinolation in resting CGD PMN, although it did not increase tyrosinolation in stimulated PMN. These results are consistent with the idea that the characteristic activation of the oxidative metabolism and the associated changes in the redox state in stimulated PMN are coupled to the induction of stimulation of tubulin tyrosinolation in these cells.
Abstract A23: ALK activity in macrophages drives metastasis in murine models of breast cancer
Authors: Kristi D. Lynn, Rolf A. Brekken
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract VEGF-induced angiogenesis and macrophages contribute directly to metastasis, the leading cause of breast cancer related mortality. VEGF is a major driver of angiogenesis, yet its targeted inhibition is often ineffective at controlling metastases. In contrast, pathways that contribute to a pro-metastatic macrophage phenotype are unclear and pharmacological strategies to inhibit pro-metastatic activity are lacking. In this study, we illustrate that anti-VEGF therapy modulates PTN expression in multiple mouse models of breast cancer. Once expressed, PTN induces the expression of VEGFR2 on macrophages and promotes an anti-inflammatory, pro-metastatic macrophage phenotype. This phenomenon is dependent on ALK signaling, as inhibition with the small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer), which targets ALK, or ALK siRNA is sufficient to reverse PTN-induced VEGFR2 and anti-inflammatory macrophage marker expression. Importantly, phosphorylated ALK and VEGFR2 positive macrophages were detected in tumor but not normal breast tissue from patients. Furthermore, inhibition of ALK signaling in macrophages blunted metastasis but had no effect on primary MMTV-PyMT tumors; while blockade of VEGF slowed primary tumor growth without effect on metastatic burden. Combined inhibition of ALK and VEGF activity showed potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in animals with disseminated disease. Collectively, our data document novel markers of pro-metastatic macrophages and reveal how macrophage phenotype can be manipulated to suppress breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Kristi D. Lynn, Rolf A. Brekken. ALK activity in macrophages drives metastasis in murine models of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A23. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A23
P705 FULL GENOME SEQUENCING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW HAV STRAIN TYPE 1B CIRCULATING IN ITALY
Authors: C. Argentini, S. Catone, N. Coppola, U. Villano, S. Taffon, E. Sagnelli, M. Pisaturo, C. Sagnelli, S. Vella, D. Genovese
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Functional Defects in the Aging Kidney
Authors: SANDOR A. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Characteristics of the aging process as it affects renal function were studied in 35 elderly persons without renal disease or hypertension. Mean age was 75 years, with a range of 60 to 93 years. Radioisotope scans of the kidneys were abnormal in 25 patients (71%), with 16 of them (46%) showing focal areas of diminished uptake. There was a discrepancy between the relatively normal anatomical kidney size, as determined by excretory urography, and the functional size, measured by scanning. The mean creatinine clearance in 21 patients was low (53 ml/min ± 10 SD), but significant proteinuria was absent. Deterioration of renal function seen with aging is apparently an asymmetric process that is unrelated to intrinsic glomerular disease and spares kidney size. The mechanism is still speculative, but vascular insufficiency might explain these features. Since there is no Pyelographic evidence of space-occupying lesions, the focal scan defects may represent ischemic areas where tubular function is sharply reduced.
DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN A CHILD, AGED ONE YEAR
Authors: P. E. TRUESDALE
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The increasing number of cases of diaphragmatic hernia reported in recent literature suggests unusual vigilance in detecting this deformity. Nevertheless, its appearance in children under 10 years of age is still considered rare. Apparently this is more indicative of the difficulties of recognition than of the infrequency of occurrence. However, Dodds and Flew 1 roentgenographed every child born in the obstetric hospital in London over a period of eighteen months and found only one case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 800 cases, and only one case in 200 postmortem examinations. In Greenwald and Steiner's 2 series of eighty-two cases in children aged up to 10 years, (1912-1928) only twenty-five were recognized during life. Eleven were operated on; six patients died after operation. Of the five that recovered, two had gastro-enterostomy because in each case it was found impossible to reduce the stomach. Parenthetically, gastro-enterostomy can serve no useful purpose when
The Effect of Glucagon on the Blood Glucose Level and the Clinical State in the Presence of Marked Insulin Hypoglycemia 12
Authors: Jerome L. Schulman, Stanley E. Greben
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The increasing evidence that glucagon is a nat- urally occurring hormone has led to considerable interest and speculation as to its possible metabolic roles.The possibility of obtaining glucagon in increasingly pure preparations and the final obtainment of a crystalline preparation (1) have added impetus to this interest.The presence of a hyperglycemic contaminant was one of the suggestions advanced to explain the initial rise in the blood sugar level which fol- lowed the administration of some preparations of insulin.There is general agreement that glucagon can cause at least a temporary rise in the blood sugar level in the presence of insulin.However, considerable interest still centers around the ques- tion of the relative effects of insulin and glucagon on the blood sugar level (2-5).It was believed that there would be some ad- vantage in exploring the effect of glucagon in pa- tients who had received massive doses of insulin.This situation obtains in the insulin coma treat- ment of psychiatric patients.It was also con- sidered that glucagon could serve as a useful means of terminating insulin coma.The present report deals with these questions. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe patients used for this study were all hospitalized at The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic and were diag- nosed as exhibiting schizophrenic reactions.There were 11 patients, of whom 6 were women and 5 were men.They ranged in age from 16 to 48 years with an average age of 28 years.They were all in good physical health.All of these patients were receiving insulin coma therapy as part of the therapeutic regimen for their I This investigation, under the direction of Dr. John C.
Glucose Tolerance and Blood Lipids in Bran-Fed Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Ottavio Bosello, Roberto Ostuzzi, Fabio Armellini, Rocco Micciolo, Ludovico A Scuro
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Thirty-eight patients (13 men and 25 women) with impaired glucose tolerance, aged 33--70 yr, underwent a dietary program adding 20 g of raw bran to their usual diet without changing their dietary habits. After 1 mo of treatment, the areas under the curves for glucose and insulin were reduced from 26,214 +/- 5618 to 24,529 +/- 5207 g/min (P < 0.001) and from 15,893 +/- 9714 to 12,440 +/- 7377 mU/min (P < 0.001), respectively, cholesterol was reduced from 234 +/- 40 to 212 +/- 29 mg/dl (P < 0.001), and triglycerides were reduced from 108 +/- 56 to 97 +/- 50 mg/dl (P < 0.05). Body weight (initially 128.44% relative body weight) decrease 0.8% (P < 0.02). After the first month, 14 subjects were studied for a further 2 mo. Six patients continued bran feeding, and eight, who stopped bran, were used as controls. Patients who took bran maintained metabolic improvement over the 3-mo treatment period, while those who stopped bran did not.