tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contraceptives and the Incidence of Syphilis
Authors: Fred Levit
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The major rise in the incidence of syphilis in the United States has been in two groups of people, adult homosexuals and teenagers. At first glance these groups seem to share no common features, except perhaps promiscuity. But sexual promiscuity is certainly not rare among adult heterosexual persons. One common feature of these two groups, which may at first not be apparent, is their failure to use contraceptives, the one from lack of need and the other from ignorance. Seen from this angle the relatively smaller rise in syphilis among heterosexual adults tends to confirm the value of contraceptives in reducing the transmission of this disease. The advent of methods of contraception by suppression of ovulation may change this. Many women now using spermatocidal jellies (which are also spirocheticidal) will be changing to hormonal methods with subsequent loss of the incidental protection against syphilis. Thus, in coming
A5-01: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): molecular patterns and sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Margaret C. Skokan, Sujatha Gajapathy, Yun Xiao, Wilbur A. Franklin, Fred R. Hirsch, Paul A. Bunn, Marileila Varella-Garcia
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery.
Authors: G E Urcelay, M D Iannettoni, A Ludomirsky, R S Mosca, J P Cheatham, D A Danford, E L Bove
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery is generally a lethal condition from progressive ventricular failure. We report the clinical and surgical course of two infants, ages 3 and 6 months, with this anomaly. One patient had normal intracardiac anatomy with low pulmonary artery pressures (30/12 mm Hg). The second patient had a restrictive subpulmonic ventricular septal defect with a moderately elevated pulmonary artery pressure (50/13 mm Hg). Left ventricular ejection and shortening fractions were profoundly depressed in both patients. The common coronary trunk arose from the right anterior facing sinus in one patient and from the left posterior facing sinus in the other. Both patients underwent repair by direct coronary implantation to the aorta. Left ventricular function improved with shortening fractions near normal at a follow-up of 6 months for one patient and 1 year for the other. Early diagnosis and prompt repair is compatible with survival and return of normal shortening fraction.
William George Grenville Loyn
Authors: Hugh Herbert
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Geoffrey Barker first worked in a neurological team dealing with head injuries from the D-Day landings.In 1948 he joined Tooting Bec Hospital, introducing an opendoor policy in the day hospital and setting up the art therapy department.He specialised in women's mental health and drug abuse, and during 1967-72 was medical administrator.Geoffrey was a tutor at the Tavistock Clinic and held a child guidance fellowship at Guy's Hospital.He was adviser to the Arts Council, chairman of the Dyslexia Teaching Centre, and a founding member of the Alzheimer's Society.On his retirement he continued to work with the Alzheimer's Society, running a carers group from his home for many years, and for MIND, Crossroads, and Carers UK.A Barker
Correction: Addressing the Global Neglect of Childhood Hearing Impairment in Developing Countries
Authors: Bolajoko O Olusanya
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

“Prevalence of blindness (presenting VA of less than 3/60 in the better eye) was 4.1% (95% confi dence interval [CI], 3.4–4.8); prevalence of low vision (presenting VA of at least 3/60 but less than 18/60 in the better eye) was 7.7% (95% CI, 6.7–8.7); whereas prevalence of monocular visual impairment (presenting VA of at least 18/60 in better eye and VA of less than 18/60 in other eye) was 4.4% (95% CI, 3.6–5.3).” Please note that this error does not change the data or the conclusions in the paper. It is an error in the abstract only.
153 Amelioration of histopathological lesions of liver and spleen of a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis VII after beta-glucuronidase gene transfer using a replication-defective simian virus 40 vector
Authors: Y KAWASHITA, N ROYCHOWDHURY, S LEE, C GUHA, D STRAYER, J ROYCHOWDHURY
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Vascular closure devices in patients treated with anticoagulation and iib/iiia receptor inhibitors during percutaneous revascularization
Authors: Robert J Applegate, Mark A Grabarczyk, William C Little, Timothy Craven, Michael Walkup, Frederic R Kahl, Gregory A Braden, Kevin M Rankin, Michael A Kutcher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Aerosolized Pentamidine for Prophylaxis against<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia
Authors: Gifford S. Leoung, David W. Feioal, A. Bruce Montgomery, Kevin Corkery, Linda Wardlaw, Michael Adams, David Busch, Shelley Gordon, Mark A. Jacobson, Paul A. Volberding, Donald Aurams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most frequent life-threatening opportunistic infection associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To assess the possible value of aerosolized-pentamidine prophylaxis in different doses, a controlled clinical trial was begun in 1987 with 408 subjects at 12 treatment centers. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 30 mg of pentamidine every two weeks, 150 mg every two weeks, or 300 mg every four weeks.
Cord serum IgE in relation to family history and as predictor of atopic disease in early infancy
Authors: C. G. M. Magnusson
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Cord serum IgE was assayed by particle counting immunoassay (PACIA) in an unselected series of European newborns (n = 190; geom mean = 0.37 IU/ml) and a cutoff limit established (≥ 1.20 IU/ml) for prediction of atopy. At control follow‐up by questionnaire 18 months after birth, 38 infants (20.0%) had developed definite (9.5%) or probable (10.5%) atopy with a significant predominance of boys ( P &lt; 0.03). Infants with a positive immediate family history (IFH) had a higher risk of developing atopy ( P &lt; 0.0025) and also had a higher incidence of elevated cord IgE ( P &lt; 0.02) than infants with a negative IFH. Maternal atopy influenced cord IgE levels significantly ( P &lt; 0.00005), whereas paternal atopy did not ( P = 0.23). No fetal IgE antibodies against five common allergens could be demonstrated in 36 cord sera tested. Breast‐feeding for 3 months was not sufficient to prevent atopic symptoms. The predictive value of cord IgE was high since 26 of 36 newborns (positive predictive value = 72.2 %) with elevated cord IgE had developed atopic symptoms before follow‐up. Of the 38 infants who developed atopic symptoms, 26 had elevated cord IgE (sensitivity = 68.4%) compared to only 10 (6.6%) of the 152 atopy‐free infants (P &lt; 0.00005). The data indicate that elevated cord IgE as determined by PACIA is a good predictor of early‐onset atopy, better than family history ( P &lt; 0.008), and that primarily maternal atopy seems to affect fetal IgE synthesis.
Aeroallergen‐induced dyspnea in freely moving guinea pigs: quantitative measurement by bias flow ventilated whole body plethysmography
Authors: N. Chand, K. Nolan, J. Pillar, M. Lomask, W. Diamantis, R. D. Sofia
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Guinea pigs were sensitized and boostered with i.p. injections of ovalbumin (OA) 10 micrograms + Al(OH)3 100 mg. Thirteen days after the last injection animals (800-1100 g) were placed in bias flow ventilated whole body plethysmographs and allowed to stabilize for 2 h. Lung function was recorded for up to 2 h before and 5 h after aeroallergen challenge (OA 20 mg/ml, 60 s, 20 psi) by a noninvasive pulmonary analyzer for unrestrained rodents. Aeroallergen challenge produced immediate dyspnea and gasping (peaking between 8 and 17 min). Gasping was associated with an increase in amplitude in the box pressure fluctuations (93%), and in the slope of the fluctuations (391%). Respiratory rate increased (103 to 175 breaths/min, 78%), the product of breathing rate times box pressure amplitude increased (161 to 432, 180%). Relaxation time (the time it takes the box pressure signal to drop from its peak to 1/3 of its peak value) declined (0.16 to 0.05 s, 72%). All of these lung dysfunction changes were highly significant (p < 0.001). Lung dysfunction persisted for 60 to 120 min after challenge. One of 8 animals tested died within 10 min. None of the animals exhibited late asthmatic responses during the 5 h post-challenge period. Based on these data we conclude that this technique allows quantitative analysis of dyspnea, gasping, and an abnormal pattern (waveform) of breathing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Consult Guys - A Pain in the Back
Authors: Geno J. Merli, Howard H. Weitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Web Exclusives19 November 2013The Consult Guys - A Pain in the BackFREEGeno J. Merli, MD and Howard H. Weitz, MDGeno J. Merli, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Howard H. Weitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G13-3004 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Consult Guys bring a new perspective to the art and science of medicine with lively discussion and analysis of real-world cases and situations.For more videos from and information on The Consult Guys, visit www.annals.org/ConsultGuys. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: Geno J. Merli, MD, reports the following: Research grants/contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, sanofi-aventis; Consultancies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, sanofi-aventis. Howard H. Weitz, MD, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 November 2013Volume 159, Issue 10Page: CG4KeywordsConflicts of interestLower back painResearch grantsResearch reporting guidelines ePublished: 19 November 2013 Issue Published: 19 November 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
<i>Rickettsia sibirica</i>Subspecies<i>sibirica</i>BJ-90 as a Cause of Human Disease
Authors: Na Jia, Jia-Fu Jiang, Qiu-Bo Huo, Bao-Gui Jiang, Wu-Chun Cao
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

This letter describes a new subspecies of Rickettsia sibirica, sibirica BJ-90, that was associated with illness in a patient in China.
The Use of Digoxin-Specific Fab Fragments for Severe Digitalis Intoxication in Children
Authors: Alan D. Woolf, Thomas Wenger, Thomas W. Smith, Frederick H. Lovejoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Because life-threatening digitalis intoxication is unusual in children, treatment with digoxin-specific—antibody Fab fragments (Fab) has rarely been reported. We describe the efficacy of Fab in the treatment of children with severe digitalis intoxication.
Tuberculosis in pregnancy: an estimate of the global burden of disease
Authors: Jordan Sugarman, Charlotte Colvin, Allisyn C Moran, Olivia Oxlade
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

The estimated number of maternal deaths in 2013 worldwide was 289 000, a 45% reduction from 1990. Non-obstetric causes such as infectious diseases including tuberculosis now account for 28% of maternal deaths. In 2013, 3·3 million cases of tuberculosis were estimated to occur in women globally. During pregnancy, tuberculosis is associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality in both the neonate and the pregnant woman. The aim of our study was to estimate the burden of tuberculosis disease among pregnant women, and to describe how maternal care services could be used as a platform to improve case detection.We used publicly accessible country-level estimates of the total population, distribution of the total population by age and sex, crude birth rate, estimated prevalence of active tuberculosis, and case notification data by age and sex to estimate the number of pregnant women with active tuberculosis for 217 countries. We then used indicators of health system access and tuberculosis diagnostic test performance obtained from published literature to determine how many of these cases could ultimately be detected.We estimated that 216 500 (95% uncertainty range 192 100-247 000) active tuberculosis cases existed in pregnant women globally in 2011. The greatest burdens were in the WHO African region with 89 400 cases and the WHO South East Asian region with 67 500 cases in pregnant women. Chest radiography or Xpert RIF/MTB, delivered through maternal care services, were estimated to detect as many as 114 100 and 120 300 tuberculosis cases, respectively.
A phase 2 single-center study of carfilzomib 56 mg/m2 with or without low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Nikoletta Lendvai, Patrick Hilden, Sean Devlin, Heather Landau, Hani Hassoun, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Ioanna Tsakos, Kaitlyn Redling, Guenther Koehne, David J. Chung, Wendy L. Schaffer, Sergio A. Giralt
Journal: Blood (2014)
Where does blood go? Prospective observational study of red cell transfusion in north England
Authors: A W Wells
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To collect population based information on transfusion of red blood cells.Prospective observational study over 28 days.Hospital blood banks in the north of England (population 2.9 million).Indications for transfusion, number of units given, and the age and sex of transfusion recipients.All patients who received a red cell transfusion during the study period. Data completed by hospital blood bank staff.The destination of 9848 units was recorded (97% of expected blood use). In total 9774 units were transfused: 5047 (51.6%) units were given to medical patients, 3982 (40.7%) to surgical patients, and 612 (6.3%) to obstetric and gynaecology patients. Nearly half (49.3%) of all blood is given to female recipients, and the mean age of recipients of individual units was 62.7 years. The most common surgical indications for transfusion were total hip replacement (4.6% of all blood transfused) and coronary artery bypass grafting (4.1%). Haematological disorders accounted for 15.5% of use. Overall use was 4274 units per 100 000 population per year.In the north east of England more than half of red cell units are transfused for medical indications. Demand for red cell transfusion increases with age. With anticipated changes in the age structure of the population the demand for blood will increase by 4.9% by 2008.
Effects of folate supplementation in hyperhomocysteinemic pigs
Authors: Pierre Ambrosi, Pierre H Rolland, Heidi Bodard, André Barlatier, Philippe Charpiot, Gwladys Guisgand, Alain Friggi, Odette Ghiringhelli, Gilbert Habib, Gilles Bouvenot, Danielle Garçon, Roger Luccioni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Point: HOMA—Satisfactory for the Time Being
Authors: Kirsten A. McAuley, Jim I. Mann, J. Geoffrey Chase, Thomas F. Lotz, Geoffrey M. Shaw
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

There is no doubt that the cluster of clinical and metabolic features associated with insulin resistance predicts risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1); however, whether there is merit in defining a syndrome is less clear (2). There is also a lack of agreement regarding the value of measuring insulin sensitivity in clinical practice (3). The widely used criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome (those recommended by the World Health Organization [4] and the Adult Treatment Panel III [5]) includes a measure of insulin resistance in the definition of the syndrome. A very recent approach suggested by a group representing the International Diabetes Federation involves identifying individuals with central obesity and a range of clinical and metabolic parameters associated with insulin resistance; however, it does not include a direct measure of insulin sensitivity (6). It is argued that measures of insulin resistance do not predict CVD when other more easily measured components of the metabolic syndrome cluster are present, and these measures based on fasting insulin are unreliable (3). However, measurement of insulin sensitivity has greatly enhanced the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes and relationships to cardiovascular outcomes (7). Dismissing the assessment of insulin sensitivity because its measurement is too variable or difficult (3) is understandable, but hardly desirable, as one major dimension of altered metabolism will be omitted from research and clinical assessments. It may prove to be much the same as assessing cardiovascular risk without serum cholesterol. A truly reliable simple measure may prove to be more appropriate than an aggregation of surrogates in predicting subsequent development of diabetes and CVD and in further explaining disease progression and response to treatment.

Several reviews (8,9) describe some of the numerous methods for measuring or estimating insulin sensitivity. The …
Gene Cluster Statistics with Gene Families
Authors: N. Raghupathy, D. Durand
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Identifying genomic regions that descended from a common ancestor is important for understanding the function and evolution of genomes. In distantly related genomes, clusters of homologous gene pairs are evidence of candidate homologous regions. Demonstrating the statistical significance of such "gene clusters" is an essential component of comparative genomic analyses. However, currently there are no practical statistical tests for gene clusters that model the influence of the number of homologs in each gene family on cluster significance. In this work, we demonstrate empirically that failure to incorporate gene family size in gene cluster statistics results in overestimation of significance, leading to incorrect conclusions. We further present novel analytical methods for estimating gene cluster significance that take gene family size into account. Our methods do not require complete genome data and are suitable for testing individual clusters found in local regions, such as contigs in an unfinished assembly. We consider pairs of regions drawn from the same genome (paralogous clusters), as well as regions drawn from two different genomes (orthologous clusters).
23 MICRORNA (MIRNA) PROFILING IN HEPATOCELLULAR TUMORS IS ASSOCIATED TO CLINICAL FEATURES AND ONCOGENE/TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE MUTATION
Authors: Y. Ladeiro, G. Couchy, C. Balabaud, P. Bioulac-Sage, L. Pelletier, J. Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Human Lymphocyte-Tumor Cell Interaction
Authors: David J. Hurley
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Cells from the metastatic chest wall lesions of a patient with adenocarcinoma of the breast were incubated with autologous lymphocytes. Their interactions were observed in the scanning electron microscope. The lymphocytes first surrounded the cancer cells; cancer cells then were destroyed while the lymphocytes in contact with them lost their microvilli. The heterologous human lymphocytes being used as controls surrounded the tumor cells but did not destroy them. Lymphocytes in the presence of tumor cells showed interconnections through cytoplasmic bridging. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2631-2633, 1979)
A novel antiulcerogenic stable radical prevents gastric mucosal lesions in rats.
Authors: D Rachmilewitz, F Karmeli, E Okon, A Samuni
Journal: Gut (1994)

The pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury is still poorly understood. Recent reports implicate redox active metals and reactive oxygen species as mediators of gastric damage induced by ethanol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Attempts were made therefore to prevent gastric injury using chelators and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. These attempts, at best, would only detoxify extracellular reactive species, such as those produced by activated circulating granulocytes and macrophages. This study utilises another strategy by pre-emption of both intra and extracellular reactive species using radical-radical annihilation reactions and by detoxifying redox active transition metals. Nitroxide, stable free radicals were shown to enter mucous cells, protect against the ethanol induced damage, and prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin, 25% NaCl, or 0.6 N HCl. These findings confirm that gastric mucosal damage from the above agents is mediated by free radicals and, moreover, introduce a prototypical agent within a potential new class of gastric ulcer preventing drugs.
Angel of Death
Authors: Thomas G. Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Many of the patients I cared for lived within a few miles of the hospital, as I had for my entire life. So it wasn't unusual to see a familiar face: a policeman, the minister's wife, or the father of an old flame. Once I cared for the owner of the only toy store in the area, an appropriately rotund, jolly man who was only temporarily upset by the diagnosis of metastatic disease. Ambulatory and outwardly well, he needed no physical care. His pain and suffering were all internal—so far. I stayed close by during his hospitalization, explaining each test and medication, trying to prepare him for the side effects of some of the chemotherapeutic agents. I listened while he spoke of his family, his business, his anger, and his frustration. Having graduated from nursing school only a few months prior, I didn't know what else I could do for
A functional biphasic biomaterial homing mesenchymal stem cells for in vivo cartilage regeneration
Authors: Hongjie Huang, Xin Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, Zhenxing Shao, Jingxian Zhu, Linghui Dai, Zhentao Man, Lan Yuan, Haifeng Chen, Chunyan Zhou, Yingfang Ao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Deep-Tendon Reflexes in Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Meyer A. Perlstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THIS REPORT describes the frequency and order of loss of the deep-tendon reflexes in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. Few references on the disappearance of the deep-tendon reflexes in this condition were found,<sup>1-3</sup>and none on their rate and order of disappearance. We would expect that in a condition where there is greater involvement proximally than distally, and where the pelvic girdle is involved first and most, that the deep-tendon reflexes would disappear in the lower limbs before the upper, and proximally before distally. Our findings were at variance with such expectancy. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Sixty-four patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (Duchenne type) were followed in private practice and at the Children's Neurology Clinic of the Cook County Hospital from 1957 to 1964. A total of 252 observations on reflexes were made in various stages and age groups. The clinical stages of the disease were rated on a ten-point scale (modified