tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers Worry About Myopathy Risk for Patients Taking High-Dose Simvastatin
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

ing opportunities for residents. “My fear is that the potential repercussions of reduced resident work hour shifts will not be seen for years, at which point we are going to have all these doctors who trained under these regulations,” Charap said. “We are going to see whether they are able to live up to the challenges placed on them as physicians in the real world.” The substantial cost of implementing the changes also is likely to be a major sticking point. The IOM committee argued that $1.7 billion annually is less than 0.5% of what Medicare spends each year on care for older individuals and that the proposed changes may help reduce the substantial costs stemming from medical errors. Johns urged the public and private entities that fund graduate medical education to meet and discuss how to cover these costs. “We believe the additional $1.7 billion a year is a necessary investment in improved patient safety and better health outcomes,” Johns said.
Successful Endoscopic Retrieval of an Impacted Trapezoid Basket with Severed Traction Wires
Authors: M. C. Caluag, K. Y. Ho
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A wire-guided trapezoid lithotriptor has been introduced recently for the endoscopic extraction of bile duct stones. We describe a case of an impacted trapezoid basket with severed traction wires, and its successful removal from a patient with choledocholithiasis.
THE EFFECTS OF EARLY EXTIRPATION OF THE THYMUS IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

It has been shown that white rats may survive complete extirpation of the thymus for at least 131 days, even when the operation is performed within the first two weeks of life. Removal of the thymus does not produce an arrest or retardation of body growth and development. Qualitative changes in the skeletal system or teeth have not been found. In emaciated, weak animals osteogenesis is less active than in healthy rats, and the long bones are smaller and more delicate in structure. Such quantitative differences appear to depend upon the general nutrition, are equally pronounced in rats whose development is retarded from other causes, and cannot be referred specifically to loss of thymus function. No constant or characteristic alterations were detected in the spleen, testes, adrenals, or thyroid. Whatever functional correlations may exist between thymus and any or all of these organs are not evident from the occurrence of histological changes after the removal of the thymus. The relative proportion of lymphocytes in the blood is diminished for the first few weeks after the operation. We have not determined how long this alteration in the leucocytic formula persists. Since this paper went to press an article has appeared by Klose, describing briefly the results of thymus extirpation in pigs, goats, rats, and chickens. In rats thymectomized on the fourteenth day, there followed a progressive cachexia terminating in death after eight to ten weeks. Disturbances in ossification, which macroscopically and microscopically were identical with those of human rickets, developed also in the ribs and long bones. Some of Klose's litters failed to show these lesions, and this negative result is explained as having been due to the presence of thymic tissue within the thyroid gland. The observations of Klose are in direct contradiction to the negative results described in this paper. Since the possible presence of accessory thymus tissue either within the thyroid or elsewhere was carefully excluded in my experiments, the discrepancy between my findings and those of Klose cannot be explained upon this basis. Since this paper was sent to the publisher I have studied two additional rats which were killed 185 days after operation. Minute examination of a complete series of the neck organs, including the thyroid, failed to show any tissue which could be interpreted as thymus. The bones showed no rachitic changes. The infective origin of rachitic and osteomalacic lesions in rats has been established by Morpurgo. Although reference is made by Klose to Morpurgo's work, the data given by him do not enable one to judge whether this infection was definitely excluded.
Isolation and partial characterization of melanoma-associated antigens identified by autologous antibody.
Authors: D R Vlock, D Scalise, N Meglin, J M Kirkwood, B Ballou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The study of the autologous immune response to cancer avoids the difficulties encountered in the use of xenoantisera and may identify antigens of physiological relevance. However, the low titer and incidence of autologous antibody to melanoma have hampered further evaluation. By utilizing acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum, we have been able to augment the detectable autologous immune response to melanoma in the majority of patients studied. In autologous system Y-Mel 84:420, serum S150 demonstrated a rise in titer from 1:32 in native sera to 1:262,044 after dissociation. The antigen detected by S150 was found to be broadly represented on melanoma, glioma, renal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and head and neck carcinoma cell lines. It did not react with bladder or colon carcinoma, fetal fibroblasts, pooled platelets, lymphocytes and red blood cells, or autologous cultured lymphocytes. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, S150 detects a 66,000-mol wt antigen in spent tissue culture media and serum ultrafiltrate. In cell lysate two bands between 20,000 and 30,000 mol wt are detected by S150. The 66,000-mol wt antigen is sensitive to trypsin digestion and but is resistant to pepsin and heat inactivation. Exposure of spent media to trypsin results in the development of a 24,000-mol wt band that appears to correspond to the antigen detected in the cell lysate. The difference between the antigens detected in the cell lysate as compared with spent media and serum ultrafiltrate may be due to degradation during cell lysis. We conclude that melanoma-associated antigens are present in the serum of patients with melanoma and are shed or secreted by their tumor cells.
A Case of Malignant Hemangioendothelioma of the Stomach
Authors: K. Seki, Y. Inui, Y. Kariya, T. Toki, R. Kuro, T. Sekihara, T. Michida, M. Mori
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A case of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the stomach is reported. The patient was a 21-year-old female who developed bloody stool. Pathological studies on the stomach revealed a gastric submucosal tumor. This tumor was growing on the outside of the stomach wall and formed a large abdominal mass. Evidence of metastases was detected in the liver, omentum and parietovisceral peritoneum. Biopsies were taken of the gastric mucosa and the metastatic lesions of the liver and omentum, and histological studies on these specimens led to the diagnosis of malignant hemangioendothelioma. A laparoscopic examination yielded very interesting findings: the presence of small red tumors on the omentum and the parietovisceral peritoneum. The usefulness of laparoscopic examination in the diagnosis of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the stomach is stressed.
Renal Disease in Uganda
Authors: S. P. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1962)

ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL BLEEDINGBDRITisNAL 895continued occult blood loss is suspected, our impression is that the quantitative measurement of faecal blood may be of use in the management, and we would reserve this technique for such cases.Summary The literature associated with measurement of gastro-intestinal blood loss by means of radiochromium is briefly reviewed and the validity of the method mentioned.Twenty cases of acute gastro-intestinal bleeding were investigated by this method and the results recorded.The conclusions are that the quantitative measurement of faecal blood loss by this method does not help in the clinical management of most cases of acute blood loss, although the investigation may well be used to exclude continued chronic bleeding if the clinical signs are not improving as expected.
Confidentiality of patients' records
Authors: D E Yarham
Journal: BMJ (1982)

of correlation between energy intake and weight gain in preterm infants fed expressed breast milk.A further contributing factor, previously described by the Nottingham group and others,' 2 must also be considered- namely, the amount of fat which is lost in the process of milk being given to the baby.As part of a study investigating various effects of continuous and bolus intragastric milk feeding (unpublished data) we estimated the fat content of bank breast milk before and after transit down a feeding tube.An in vitro study simulating clinical practice was set up with rates varying from 4 to 10 ml/hour.The percentage of fat which was lost varied from 6 to 630,) (mean 26o0).Proportionally more was lost at slower rates (4 to 6 ml/hour).The fat loss during continuous feeding was con- siderably greater than that lost by bolus.Variable loss of human milk fat in feeding tubes can invalidate metabolic studies and must be taken into account when investigating the relation between weight gain and energy intake.It is also wasted effort to improve the fat content of human milk arriving at a milk bank and to spend much money and effort in its preparation if equal attention is not given to other factors which adversely affect the amount of fat reaching the baby.
NBEAL2 is mutated in gray platelet syndrome and is required for biogenesis of platelet α-granules
Authors: Meral Gunay-Aygun, Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai, Thierry Vilboux, Yifat Zivony-Elboum, Fatma Gumruk, Mualla Cetin, Morad Khayat, Cornelius F Boerkoel, Nehama Kfir, Yan Huang, Dawn Maynard, Heidi Dorward, Katherine Berger, Robert Kleta, Yair Anikster, Mutlu Arat, Andrew S Freiberg, Beate E Kehrel, Kerstin Jurk, Pedro Cruz, Jim C Mullikin, James G White, Marjan Huizing, William A Gahl
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
STOCK SODIUM SULPHITE SOLUTION FOR ENDO MEDIUM
Authors: OSCAR TEAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

With the assistance of Mr. J. E. Jacob, I have shown that a 10 per cent. solution of crystalline sodium sulphite can be heated for twenty minutes at 15 pounds pressure with practically no change, and that the 10 per cent. sodium sulphite solution covered with a layer of liquid petrolatum about 1 cm. thick and sterilized in the autoclave can be kept at room temperature for three weeks and probably much longer with but very slight change.  Such a sterilized stock solution of sodium sulphite might render the preparation of Endo agar a somewhat simpler procedure in field hospitals and base hospitals. If the liquid petrolatum carried over into the agar with the pipet is considered a disturbing element, more than the amount of the sulphite to be used should be pipetted into a sterile vessel, and the necessary portion of this should be immediately transferred to the agar with
Surgical palliation for endomyocardial fibrosis.
Authors: D Metras
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Surgical palliation for endomyocardial fibrosis SIR,-I have read with interest the paper by Professor MS Valiathan and others (June 1983, p 421) concerning surgery in 17 cases of endomyocardial fibrosis.Our experience started in March 1978 and to date 51 cases of endomyocardial -fibrosis have been operated on in our institution, 45 of them having been recently reported.'Our series concerns a rather younger group, since the mean age was 13 years;Concerning the surgical technique, we agree with the authors that it is possible to avoid the complete atrioventricular block frequently reported.In 19812 we described the technique employed by the authors in keeping a band of fibrotic tissue along the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve to avoid the area of the conduction bundle.We would disagree with the authors about the poorer results in right ventricular endocardectomy with tricuspid valve replacement.In our experience the high operative mortality (17% compared with the 29% reported by Professor Valiathan and his colleagues) was mainly in left ventricular and bilateral endomyocardial fibrosis.Only one case of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis died after operation and this patient also had severe chronic constric- tive pericarditis.However, the late clinical and haemodyna- mic results were poorer in right than in left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis owing to chronic heart and liver enlargement, and we advocate early surgery.Concerning left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis, we tend in some limited forms with severe mitral insufficiency to perform a conservative valvular procedure3 and have had very gratifying results.The word palliative may be a little pessimistic owing to the absence of reported recurrence of the fibrosis.One of our patients died four years after surgery from chronic liver disease and there was no evidence of recurrence of endomyocardial fibrosis.We therefore strongly advocate surgery in nearly all cases, except when there is chronic fibrotic disease of the liver with portal hypertension.
Neuraminic acid content of sputum in chronic bronchitis
Authors: E. E. Keal, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The neuraminic acid content of sputum from 48 men with early chronic bronchitis has been estimated in samples collected over a period of three years. The results are compared with those from 29 advanced bronchitic patients and are related to the clinical features of both groups and to the physical and biological properties of the sputum. A seasonal variation in neuraminic acid content has been noted for the first time with higher levels during the winter months. Clinical assessment of sputum pourability correlated well with measured viscosity. The viscosity of mucoid sputum was related to its neuraminic acid content but also to the yield of dry macromolecular material. In the early bronchitic group whose sputum was assessed for purulence at monthly intervals pus was more often present in those men whose mucoid sputum contained higher levels of neuraminic acid. These findings are discussed in relation to the cause of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
510. Detection and Quantification of rcAAV in rAAV Stocks by Real-Time qPCR
Authors: Traci L. Mayfield, Irina Korytov, Joyce D. Francis, David R. Knop, Richard O. Snyder
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The packaging of recombinant DNA into adeno-associated viral vectors for gene therapy protocols may incur contamination by wild- type adeno-associated virus (wtAAV) or the generation of a replication competent adeno-associated virus (rcAAV) via recombination. rcAAV or wtAAV often comprise only a trace contaminant of rAAV stocks, requiring a highly sensitive assay for detection and quantification. To this end, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to establish the amount of rcAAV or wtAAV present in rAAV stocks. An intact left AAV ITR-rep gene junction is a requisite feature for AAV replication to occur in vivo in the presence of a helper virus, but does not ensure replication competency. Therefore, the assay provides a maximum potential contamination level. The target DNA sequence selected for qPCR amplification spans the 3' end of the left AAV2 ITR D-sequence and the 5' end of the AAV2 rep sequence. The assay can therefore be applied to any pseudo-typed rAAV vector which utilizes AAV2 ITRs and rep2 gene. The assay employs sequence-specific PCR primers and a dual-labeled hybridizable probe for detection and quantification of the amplified DNA junction sequence. Linearized plasmid DNA was used to generate standard curves while Hirt- extracted wtAAV2 DNA and Hirt-extracted adenovirus-infected 293 cell DNA were used for positive and negative controls, respectively. Assay replicates revealed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 3% for CT (cycle of threshold) values. Furthermore, we were able to establish a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.56x10-7 ng linear plasmid DNA standard, or 56 single-stranded rcAAV copies, in a background of 1 × 109 rAAV vector genomes (vg). Analysis of a human clinical trial rAAV-1 lot produced by co-transfection of 293 cells with plasmid DNA and purified by column chromatography revealed rcAAV contamination at a level of 1.36 x106 rAAV vg/1 rcAAV vg (σ = 4.65 × 105). Similarly designed assays specific for other ITR-rep combinations may be applicable to a variety of isotype or pseudotype AAV vectors. R.S., D.K., and T.M. are shareholders or hold stock options in a gene therapy company that is commercializing AAV for clinical gene therapy applications.
Differences in Colon Adenomas and Carcinomas Among Women and Men
Authors: Hemant K. Roy, Laura K. Bianchi
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Arteriovenous Fistulas of the Lungs
Authors: SAMUEL BAER, ALBERT BEHREND, HAROLD L. GOLDBURGH
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Two cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (or aneurysm) are presented, one of which is reported in detail. Twenty-three other cases of pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm or fistula previously reported in the American literature are reviewed, and the clinical, laboratory, radiologic, physiologic, pathologic and hereditary features of this condition discussed. Clubbing of the fingers and toes, polycythemia and cyanosis are almost constant findings. The imnportance of differentiating this condition from polycythemia vera and congenital heart disease is emphasized.
1022-86 Association of inflammation and benefit of statins in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kunihiro Kinjo, Hiroshi Sato, Yozo Ohnishi, Eiji Hishida, Daisaku Nakatani, Hiroya Mizuno, Masahiko Shimizu, Masatsugi Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Changing Concepts of Suicide
Authors: Frank J. Pirone
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In regard to your editorial on changing concepts of suicide (199:752,1967), I am happy to see that psychiatry is returning to medicine and that both Freud's and Menninger's unconscious concepts are fading away.  Perhaps in the next few years it will dawn on the rest of the psychiatrists that depressions are but the human parallel evolutionary development of the hibernation phenomenon of bears, for example, and large numbers of all other living things. We have even found brown fat in the human similar to that in the hibernating animal!  The human withdraws from all contact as an evolutionary selfpreservation mechanism. It is as simple as that.  Now, if in the autonomically determined depths of depression, many environmental stimuli still force themselves on the patient, such as loss of job, desertion by mate, financial distress, etc, then the suicide act itself becomes a sudden catatonic episode in
Enhancement of the vulnerability of the ventricle to fibrillation (VF) by regional hyperkalemia
Authors: J. R. LOGIC
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

A region of intermittent hyperkalaemia was produced in dogs by the intracoronary infusion of K+ in a concentration of 40 m-equiv/1. at a rate of 0·06-0·13 μ-equiv K+/kg/sec. The rate of K+ infusion was selected on the basis of its ability reproducibly to produce systolic and diastolic injury currents and Q-T shortening in electrocardiograms recorded from areas perfused by K + . Moreover, K+ infusion displaced the vulnerable period to the left, accompanied by a greater than 50% decrease in the stimulus strength necessary to induce MVR or VF, while the tendency for MVR to degenerate into VF was distinctly enhanced. These studies have documented that infusion of an amount of K+ into a local coronary bed which produces electrocardiographic evidence of injury resulted in changes in excitability and vulnerability similar to those occurring in acute experimental ischaemia. Further, they suggested that the electrophysiological effects on refractoriness and vulnerability to VF resulting from local enhancement of extracellular K+ may indeed contribute importantly to the 'excitatory factors' related to arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischaemia in man.
The Real Problem with Equipoise
Authors: Winston Chiong
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

The equipoise requirement in clinical research demands that, if patients are to be randomly assigned to one of two interventions in a clinical trial, there must be genuine doubt about which is better. This reflects the traditional view that physicians must never knowingly compromise the care of their patients, even for the sake of future patients. Equipoise has proven to be deeply problematic, especially in the Third World. Some recent critics have argued against equipoise on the grounds that clinical research is fundamentally distinct from clinical care, and thus should be governed by different norms. I argue against this "difference position," and instead take issue with the traditional, exclusively patient-centered account of physicians' obligations that equipoise presupposes. In place of this traditional view, I propose a Kantian test for the reasonable partiality that physicians should show their patients, focusing on its application in clinical research and medical education.
On Four Cases of Cornea-Grafting
Authors: W. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1886)

percha tube provided with a pressure sac, and then to one end of the cross branch of an instrument called barboteur, which is introduced into the bottle containing the mineral water, or other medicated agent.The vertical part of this instrument reaches the bottom of the bottle, from whence the gas which escapes, loaded with the medicated agent, passes into another tube for anal injection.If sulphuret of carbon is used, a teaspoonful is poured on cotton previously placed in the glass tube, the tube stopped with a little more cotton, and then placed on the one that connects the barboteur with the anal tube.P1.