tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Genomes — Continuing Progress
Authors: James R. Downing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Cancer is believed to result from the acquisition of mutations and epigenetic changes that work collaboratively to induce the malignant growth of a cell. The field of cancer genomics has focused on defining the total complement of mutations in a cancer cell, with the belief that this information will drive personalized medicine through the development of improved diagnostic testing, prognostic and predictive markers, and ultimately new therapies directed against cancer-specific mutant proteins. Although 350 cancer genes have been identified to date (www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/Census), we now sit at the beginning of a revolution in cancer genomics resulting from the systematic application of . . .
Changes in myocardial electrical impedance in human heart graft rejection
Authors: Juan Cinca, Juan Ramos, Miguel A. Garcia, Ramon Bragos, Antoni Bayés‐Genís, Yolocuauhtli Salazar, Ramon Bordes, Sonia Mirabet, Josep M. Padró, Joan Garcia Picart, Xavier Viñolas, Javier Rosell‐Ferrer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Side Effects Of Long-Term Treatment With Danazol And Stanozolol In Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: K. Bork, L. Zingale, H. Farkas, A. Bygum, L. Bouillet, C. Bucher, T. Caballero, H. Longhurst, E. Nielsen, M. Cicardi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Moxalactam-Associated Platelet Dysfunction
Authors: Charles E. Slonaker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Weitekamp and Aber (1983;249:69) called our attention to a patient who we recently saw with spontaneous lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding while he was receiving moxalactam disodium therapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 72-year-old man (four weeks after aortocoronary bypass surgery) experienced a spontaneous, massive lower GI tract hemorrhage on the 20th day of moxalactam disodium therapy (1 g every 12 hours) for<i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i>var<i>anitratus</i>pneumonia. Sigmoidoscopy and angiography showed no focus of hemorrhage. Laboratory studies at this time disclosed the following values: prothrombin time, 10 s (reference range, 23 to 26 s); platelet count, 836,000/ cu mm (reference range, 150,000 to 400,000/cu mm); bleeding time, longer than 20 minutes (reference range, 2.5 to 9 minutes); and creatinine, 3 mg/dL (reference range, 0.8 to 1.5 mg/dL). Platelet aggregation studies demonstrated an absent second-phase wave with both 2×10<sup>-6</sup>M adenosine diphosphate
Tuberculosis as a Manifestation of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Gnana Sunderam, Reynard J. McDonald, Theodore Maniatis, James Oleske, Rajendra Kapila, Lee B. Reichman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Tuberculosis has not been well documented as a complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied 48 cases of mycobacterial diseases among a group of 136 adult patients with AIDS over a 43-month period. Twenty-nine of them had severe and unusual manifestations of disease due to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, predominantly extrapulmonary and disseminated. Tuberculosis was more common among Haitians (4/8) and intravenous drug abusers (24/102) than among homosexuals who did not abuse drugs (0/22). Twelve of 21 patients with tuberculosis who were treated responded well, whereas three developed progressive disease indicative of treatment failure. Severe and unusual presentation of overwhelming tuberculosis in appropriate clinical circumstances may be considered an infection predictive of the presence of AIDS. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:362-366)
IMPROVED LIMB PERFUSION AND VASCULOGENESIS AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR INFUSION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Georgia Vogiatzi, Dimitris Tousoulis, Alexandros Briasoulis, Aggeliki Valatsou, Polyxeni Nikolopoulou, Konstantinos Papaxoinis, Alkistis Pantopoulou, Kostas Toutouzas, Andreas Synetos, Despoina Perrea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The cardiologist in the Third World.
Authors: E G Wilkins, J I Strang
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In 2007, shift work involving circadian disruption was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In most instances, the exposure in the occupational settings is complex and rarely only one hazardous occupational factor is present. Little is known so far about industrial exposures occurring in the manufacturing plants where night shift work system operates. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected data on the night shift work systems and hazardous agents present in 44 enterprises, based on a short survey filled in by the inspectors of safety and hygiene employed at the manufacturing plants. All identified hazardous factors were classified according to the IARC list of carcinogens and the European classification of carcinogens. <h3>Results</h3> The most common system of work employs 3 (8-hour) shifts within a 5-day cycle. Altogether, as many as 153 occupational exposures occurring in the environment of the plants were identified, with noise, carbon oxide, and formaldehyde recorded among the most common exposures. Night shift work was not noted as the sole hazardous occupational factor present at the work environment in the plants. We identified 20 factors that have been evaluated by IARC, 11 of them classified to Group 1 - carcinogenic to humans. 10 factors have been classified as carcinogens according to the regulation of the European classification of carcinogens. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study shows that in most instances, real life exposure circumstances at work places are complex and involve a variety of factors that may affect human response to night shift work involving circadian rhythm disruption. The project is funded from a grant of the Polish National Research Fund, Grant No: PB5169/B/P01/2010/38.
Primary Myelofibrosis and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Brady L. Stein, Alison R. Moliterno
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The classic myeloproliferative neoplasms--essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis--are acquired, clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by an overproduction of mature blood cells, bone marrow hypercellularity, extramedullary hematopoiesis, a tendency for thrombosis, and, rarely, leukemic transformation. Despite being classified as neoplastic diseases, the myeloproliferative neoplasms are often characterized by longevity, with survival measured in decades, even in the absence of treatment. Primary myelofibrosis is the rarest of the myeloproliferative neoplasms, is the most obscure with regard to its pathophysiology, and carries the least favorable although highly variable natural history. The identification of molecular lesions specific to the myeloproliferative neoplasms, in particular JAK2 V617F, has broadened understanding of the common features within these disorders and has advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. This article highlights the challenges inherent in the management of primary myelofibrosis and presents an opportunity to address the basis of individual variation within a rare and complex disorder.
Localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in the rat kidney
Authors: Toshiaki Monkawa, Matsuhiko Hayashi, Atsushi Miyawaki, Tomoyasu Sugiyama, Miki Yamamoto-Hino, Mamoru Hasegawa, Teiichi Furuichi, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Takao Saruta
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Sickle Cell Anemia and Functioning Splenic Tissue
Authors: Antoni Mestre-Fusco, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Flavio Zuccarino, Maria Boronat-Ferrater, Susana Rossi, Jordi Andreu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report the case of a 16-year-old girl from Central Africa who was hospitalized with an acute vasoclusive crisis and lumbar pain. She had a medical history of malaria at 6 years of age, yellow fever at 14, sickle cell disease at 2, and hepatopathy by hepatitis C virus. Splenic ultrasound revealed splenic enlargement with multiple hypoechogenicity intrasplenic masses of. A standard whole-body CT showed a moderate splenomegaly with splenic nodular masses with high density that suggested splenomas. Technetium-99m heat-damaged red blood cells showed multiple focal rounded masses with radiotracer activity indicating functioning intrasplenic tissue and regenerating nodules, whereas the rest of the parenchyma was nonfunctioning.
Genetic and in vivo determinants of glucocorticoid sensitivity in relation to clinical outcome of childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Nynke Teeninga, Joana E. Kist-van Holthe, Erica L.T. van den Akker, Marie C. Kersten, Eric Boersma, Hans G. Krabbe, Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Albert J. van der Heijden, Jan W. Koper, Jeroen Nauta
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Human proT-cells generated in vitro facilitate hematopoietic stem cell-derived T-lymphopoiesis in vivo and restore thymic architecture
Authors: Génève Awong, Jastaranpreet Singh, Mahmood Mohtashami, Maria Malm, Ross N. La Motte-Mohs, Patricia M. Benveniste, Pablo Serra, Elaine Herer, Marcel R. van den Brink, Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
Journal: Blood (2013)
Intrabody and intrakine strategies for molecular therapy
Authors: Yurong Yang Wheeler, Si-Yi Chen, David C Sane
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Utilizing advances in understanding protein expression and trafficking, a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting protein expression has been developed. This strategy uses an intracellular antibody ("intrabody") or intracellular chemokine ("intrakine") to neutralize the function of target proteins. One of the primary methods of achieving this goal is by redirecting the target protein to an intracellular compartment, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it may be trapped, thereby decreasing the surface expression or secretion of the protein.
Diseases of the alimentary system. Jaundice.
Authors: I M Murray-Lyon, K Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A radiological follow-up of the miners and ex-miners in two Welsh mining valleys whose chest radiographs showed simple pneumoconiosis in 1950/51 has been carried out to study the factors associated with the attack rate of progressive massive fibrosis. The radiographs were read in pairs, and also with the pairs separated, the radiographs being randomized and identifying features concealed. The relative value of these two types of reading is discussed. An attempt to investigate the importance of exogenous tuberculous infection by comparing the attack rate in the two mining valleys, in one of which great efforts had been made to eradicate tuberculosis, failed. The reasons for the failure are discussed. No evidence was found of any association between the attack rate of progressive massive fibrosis and age, energy expenditure at work, smoking habits, body type, exogenous tuberculous infection, or endogenous infection as measured by the presence of primary complexes in the first radiographs. The only factor related to the attack rate was the average category of simple pneumoconiosis. The attack rate is zero at category ½ and rises to 30 or more per 100 in eight years for category 3. It is argued from this that the logical way to control the appearance of progressive massive fibrosis is to concentrate on preventing miners reaching category 2 of simple pneumoconiosis. Evidence is also presented that considerable progression of simple pneumoconiosis has been occurring during the past eight years amongst coal-face workers at the collieries in this area.
Appropriateness of Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: Donald R. Avoy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to reply to comments provided by Dr Oberman<sup>1</sup>in responding to a question about the appropriateness of autologous transfusion for a patient with a hematocrit of 0.32.I quote him and respond: "Any transfusion may result in fluid overload." I consider this the result of poor practice or flawed judgment; this should not be considered an inherent risk in autologous or other transfusion. "In addition, there is the possibility of human error resulting in accidental transfusion of homologous blood or of another patient's autologous blood." Myhre<sup>2</sup>reported that between 1975 and 1979 fatal errors resulting from giving the wrong blood to the wrong person occurred 30 times during the transfusion of about 37 million units, for a risk of 8.11× 10<sup>-7</sup>per unit. It does happen, just as it happens that medications are given to the wrong patient, but that does not
Decreased varicella and increased herpes zoster incidence at a sentinel medical deputising service in a setting of increasing varicella vaccine coverage in Victoria, Australia, 1998 to 2012
Authors: H A Kelly, K A Grant, H Gidding, K S Carville
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

We performed an ecological study using sentinel consultation data from a medical deputising service to assess the impact of increasing coverage with childhood varicella vaccine on the incidence risk of varicella and zoster in the population served by the deputising service in Victoria, Australia from 1998 to 2012. Following a successful vaccination programme, the incidence of varicella in Australia was modelled to decrease and the incidence of zoster to increase, based on a theoretical decrease in boosting of zoster immunity following a decrease in wild varicella virus circulation due to vaccination. Incidence risks (consultation proportions for varicella and zoster) were directly age-standardised to the Melbourne population in 2000, when varicella vaccine was first available. Age-standardised varicella incidence risk peaked in 2000 and halved by 2012. Age-standardised zoster incidence risk remained constant from 1998 to 2002, but had almost doubled by 2012. The increase in zoster consultations largely reflected increases in people younger than 50 years-old. Although causality cannot be inferred from ecological studies, it is generally agreed that the decrease in varicella incidence is due to increasing varicella vaccine coverage. The possible indirect effect of the vaccine on zoster incidence is less clear and ongoing monitoring of zoster is required.
The Usefulness of Preoperative Laboratory Screening
Authors: Eric B. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We assessed the usefulness of routine laboratory screening of preoperative patients. Computer-readable laboratory, demographic, and discharge diagnostic data were assembled for 2,000 patients undergoing elective surgery over a four-month period, and randomly selected samples of patients were studied. Several tests ordered by protocol and performed by the laboratory at the time of admission were examined in these samples, including complete blood cell count, differential cell count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, six-factor automated multiple analysis, and glucose level. Sixty percent of these routinely ordered tests would not have been performed if testing had only been done for recognizable indications, and only 0.22% of these revealed abnormalities that might influence perioperative management. Chart review indicated that these few abnormalities were not acted on nor did they have adverse surgical or anesthetic consequences. In the absence of specific indications, routine preoperative laboratory tests contribute little to patient care and could reasonably be eliminated.
BMA meeting: BMA will ballot on industrial action if government imposes pension changes
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The threat of industrial action over changes to the NHS pension scheme drew closer today as the BMA conference called for a ballot if the government seeks to impose a career average scheme.

The ballot would cover “all forms of industrial action” so might not involve a withdrawal of labour. But since the government has already made clear, in response to Lord Hutton’s report on the future of public sector pensions, that career average schemes are its favoured choice, a ballot now seems very likely.

At the BMA annual meeting in Cardiff, 87% of the representatives voted for the section of the motion seeking a ballot, with 13% opposing. As a ballot has financial implications for the association, the motion required a …
Underestimation of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 RNA levels by the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan assay
Authors: Stéphane Chevaliez, Jenna Fix, Alexandre Soulier, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We are pleased to read that Germer et al. confirm our results1 showing that the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan assay (CAP/CTM; Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA) underestimates hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in a substantial number of patients infected with HCV genotype 4. We recently reported two cases where the simultaneous presence of a G-to-A substitution at position 145 (G145A) and an A-to-T substitution at position 165 (A165T) of the 5′ noncoding sequence of HCV genome abolished HCV RNA detection in the CAP/CTM assay, but not in two other assays, including another real-time polymerase chain reaction test (m2000SP/m2000RT Real-Time Assay, Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL) and the third-generation branched DNA (bDNA)-based signal amplification assay (Versant HCV RNA 3.0; Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NJ).2 In order to confirm the role of nucleotide substitutions at positions 145 and 165 in the failure of CAP/CTM to accurately quantify HCV RNA, we generated in vitro RNA transcripts from a plasmid into which the 5′ noncoding sequence of a wild-type genotype 4 strain originating from an HCV-infected patient was inserted. Substitutions at positions 145 and 165 were introduced by means of site-directed mutagenesis. The transcripts harboring one or both substitutions, as well as the wild-type transcript, were quantified without extraction with the three assays described above. The results are shown in Table 1. Each single substitution was responsible for an approximately 2-log underestimation of HCV RNA levels in the Cobas TaqMan assay relative to the two other assays. In the presence of both G145A and A165T substitutions, HCV RNA levels were high in m2000RT and bDNA, but undetectable with the Cobas TaqMan assay. The frequency of substitutions at positions 145 and 165 in GenBank reported by Germer et al. and ourselves2 is not negligible. We agree that the presence of the double substitution at positions 145 and 165 is rare, at least in the sequences reported in GenBank. Given the fact that the incidence and prevalence of genotype 4 infection is increasing worldwide, especially in the injection drug user population, and that HCV RNA quantification is critical to make treatment decisions, accuracy is essential. The current version of the CAP/CTM assay, which underquantifies approximately 15% of HCV genotype 2 and 30% of HCV genotype 4 samples,1 is not appropriate for use in patients infected with these genotypes. An improved version of this assay is currently in development. It is expected to bring accurate quantification of all HCV genotypes. Careful evaluation of this new assay will be needed in expert centers. Stéphane Chevaliez*, Jenna Fix*, Alexandre Soulier*, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky*, * National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C, and Delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris 12, INSERM U955, Créteil, France.
AB1026 Frax determination in the portuguese population - corpo study: Comprehending osteoporosis real perception and overview
Authors: L. Cunha-Miranda, E. Simões, S. Fernandes, N. Gonçalves, E. Leiria, L. Nogueira
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> FRAX tool has been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to estimate the 10-year fracture probability in men and women from clinical risk factors, age, sex and body mass index with or without the measurement of femoral neck bone mineral density<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the differences in the Portuguese population in the FRAX 10 year probability of fracture and reported risk factors for osteoporosis (OP), comparing the general population and a high risk fracture (HRF) population. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross sectional survey was performed including subjects representative of the Portuguese population aged ≥50 years(selected by random route method, door to door) and a HRF population (convenience sample, selected from nursing homes and long term facilities in Portugal). Inclusion criteria for HRF population are age ≥50 years, history of femoral neck fracture on the 24 months prior, absence of cognitive limitations. The overall and HRF population included demographics and clinical variables. The FRAX 10 year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fractures were calculated, according to the Spanish algorithm and reported risk factors for OP were collected. Descriptive analysis was performed, including relative frequencies for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. T-test was performed to validate study hypothesis. Confidence intervals (CI) of 95% will be determined and all calculations were performed assuming a 5% significance level. <h3>Results</h3> The analyses included 2007 subjects from the general population (mean age of 65.3±10.4 years, 55.2% female). 62 subjects self-reported OP (3.1%; 95% CI: 2.4%&gt;3.9%). The HRF population included 419 subjects (mean age 78.3±7.8, 70.4% female). In general population, the probability of a major osteoporotic fracture was 5.0±5.3 and 2.1±3.7 for hip fracture. This values were statistically higher for subjects in general population with self-reported OP (Major Osteoporotic: 11.0±11.8 <i>vs.</i> 4.8±4.8; p&lt;0.001; Hip Fracture: 6.1±10.6 <i>vs.</i> 1.9±3.1; p=0.003). The probability of a major osteoporotic fracture in HRF population was 20.7±11.4. Considering hip fracture, HRF population had a mean probability of 12.1±9.6. No significant differences were found in the HRF population between subjects with and without self-reported OP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> As expected, subjects in HRF population (that already had suffered a previous fracture) have a higher risk for major osteoporotic and hip fractures when compared with the general population. <h3>References</h3> Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgström F, Ström O, McCloskey E. FRAX and its applications to clinical practice. Bone 2009;44(5):734-43. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Treating renal anaemia with recombinant human erythropoietin.
Authors: C N Ross, A J Rees
Journal: BMJ (1990)

We think that their suggestion that general prac- titioners should treat empirically for Chlamvdia trachomatis infection is highly inflammatory.As they admit, this infection has an appreciable morbidity; the correct management of such sexually transmitted infections requires accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, adequate tests of cure, and, very importantly, examination and treatment if necessary of all sexual partners.Suboptimal management, as they suggest, has no doubt contributed to the rising incidence of C trachomatis infection over the past decade.We stand by our recommendations that screening for genital infections be performed in selected women who have had one smear showing in- flammatory changes and in women undergoing colposcopic examination because of repeated smears showing inflammatory changes.Such policies should encourage closer links between departments of genitourinary medicine and colposcopy clinics, which can only be of mutual benefit to patients and staff.