tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2687: Imaging sub-cellular dynamics of proliferating intra- and extra-vascular cancer cells
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Michelle Digman, Jose A. Aguilar, Ping Jiang, Mohamed Hassanein, Hisataka Moriwaki, Michael Bouvet, Shigetoyo Saji, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In order to visualize nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics during intravascular cancer cell-proliferation and extravasation, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in the cytoplasm of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells, and red fluorescent protein (m-Cherry), linked to histone H2B, was expressed in the nucleus. Nuclear m-Cherry expression enabled visualization of nuclear dynamics, whereas simultaneous cytoplasmic GFP expression enabled visualization of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios as well as simultaneous cell and nuclear shape changes. Thus, total cellular dynamics can be visualized in the living dual-color cells in real time. The cell cycle position of individual living cells was readily visualized by the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear morphology. Real-time induction of apoptosis was observed by nuclear size changes and progressive nuclear fragmentation. Intra- and extra-vascular mitotic cells were visualized by imaging after injection of the cancer cells in the epigastric cranials vein in an abdominal flap. After one hour, round and elongated cancer cells were observed in the vessel. Three hours after injection, invadopodia of the cancer cells was observed. Five hours after injection, dual-color cancer cells began to divide within the vessel. By 10 hours, some intra-vascular cancer cells underwent apoptosis. Deformed new blood vessels in the tumor were observed 10 days later. Extravascular cancer cells were dividing in the tumor at day 14. The subcellular in vivo imaging approach described here provides new visual targets for trafficking, extravasating and invading cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2687. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2687
Safety of complementary medicines should be monitored
Authors: G. Vautier, R C Spiller
Journal: BMJ (1995)

multicentre studies, and clinical trials, appropriate referencing systems need to be developed.I propose that use of a study's name instead of named authors, with details of the writing committee and collaborators clearly stated in a footnote on the title page, is self explanatory and the most elegant solution.This would avoid confusion, facilitate the identification of papers from a particular group, and benefit the individual contributors.
Anodontia in mongolism.
Authors: R. C. MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Medical Memoranda MMJALJOURNALcatheter was left in situ for six hours, later being withdrawn.The specimen of urine grew Proteus vulgaris.She was treated with Negram (nalidixic acid).Uneventful recovery followed.COMMENT Spontaneous rupture of a kidney diseased as a result of chronic nephritis, stone, tuberculosis, tumour, pylonephritis, aneurysm, hydronephrosis, or pyonephrosis is rare; the com- monest disease associated with rupture is hydronephrosis due to stone, but even so rupture is almost always extra-peritoneal.Rupture into the peritoneal cavity is very rare because the peritoneum forms an additional barrier.Spontaneous intra- peritoneal rupture of a pyonephrosis is a most unusual occur- rence and proves fatal if not dealt with promptly.Zaidi (1959) reported intraperitoneal rupture of a pyonephrotic kidney in a child of 27 days-the only case on record in an infant.
Routine Nasal Catheterization of the Newborn Contraindicated
Authors: Hans G. Keitel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  Normal newborn infants are frequently subjected to nasal and gastric catheterization. However, there may be little justification for these procedures. If there is concern that nasal or choanal obstruction exists, occlusion of the mouth and then separately of each nostril determines quickly whether obstruction is present. If there is no apparent passage of air through the nares with this maneuver, a catheter can be passed to see if thick mucus or a true anatomical obstruction accounts for the block. Occasionally choanal obstruction is incorrectly diagnosed when the catheter method is used. The nasal canal of the newborn may normally be too narrow to permit passage of any but the smallest catheter, yet there is free passage of air.  There are some who might argue that the benefits of gastric aspiration justify catheterization. However, there is little to support this rationale and much against it: (1) The gastric
Patient coding and the ratings game
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Obesity has been associated with more severe clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, this association can be affected by many correlates of these traits. Due to its large impact on human health, socioeconomic status (SES) could at least partially influence the association between obesity and COVID-19 severity. To estimate the independent effect of traits related to body size and SES on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study analyzing the effect of obesity-related anthropometric traits on COVID-19 outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Applying two-sample MR approaches, we evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, (HIP) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) studied in up to 234,069 participants from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium with respect to three COVID-19 outcomes: severe respiratory COVID-19 (5,101 cases vs. 1,383,241 controls), hospitalized COVID-19 (9,986 cases vs. 1,877,672 controls), and COVID-19 infection (38,984 cases vs. 1,644,784 controls) obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI). Finally, to test the effect of SES using multivariable MR methods, we analyzed genetic data related to self-reported household income (HI) information from 286,301 UK Biobank (UKB) participants. <h3>Results</h3> BMI and WC were associated with severe respiratory COVID-19 (BMI: OR⍰=⍰1.68 p⍰=⍰0.0004; WC: OR⍰=⍰1.72, p⍰=⍰0.007) and COVID-19 hospitalization (BMI: OR=⍰1.62, p⍰=⍰1.35e-06; WC: OR⍰=⍰1.62, p⍰=⍰0.0001). Also, HIP influenced hospitalized COVID-19 (OR⍰=⍰1.31, p⍰=⍰0.012) and COVID-19 infection (OR⍰=⍰1.18, p⍰=⍰0.002). Conversely, HI was associated with lower odds of severe respiratory COVID-19 (OR⍰=⍰0.57, p⍰=⍰0.011) and hospitalized COVID-19 (OR⍰=⍰0.71, p⍰=⍰0.045). Testing these effects in multivariable MR models, we observed that the effect of these obesity-related anthropometric traits on COVID-19 outcomes is not independent of SES effect assessed as HI. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings indicate that low SES is a contributor to the observed association between body size and COVID-19 outcomes.
Getting into Medical School in the Good Old Days: Good for Whom?: The First Nicholas E. Davies Memorial Lecture
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Admission to medical school became selective in the 1920s and by the 1960s became increasingly expensive for applicants. The stories of three applicants, a white man who easily walked into medical school in 1908, a black woman who overcame a double hurdle in the 1930s, and a white man who entered medical school by court order, provide insight into the admissions process and its changes.
Staged Left Ventricular Recruitment After Single-Ventricle Palliation in Patients With Borderline Left Heart Hypoplasia
Authors: Sitaram M. Emani, Doff B. McElhinney, Wayne Tworetzky, Patrick O. Myers, Brian Schroeder, David Zurakowski, Frank A. Pigula, Gerald R. Marx, James E. Lock, Pedro J. del Nido
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Risks of Death and End-Stage Renal Disease After Surgical Compared With Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: David M. Charytan, Shuling Li, Jiannong Liu, Charles A. Herzog
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently deferred in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to avoid precipitating end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but reliable estimates of absolute and relative risks of death and ESRD after CABG and PCI are unavailable.CKD patients undergoing CABG (n=4547) or PCI (n=8620) were identified and tracked using the 5% Medicare sample. The cumulative incidence of ESRD and death were reported for observed events. A Cox model with the Fine-Gray method was used to account for competing risks in assessing relative hazards of death and ESRD. Three-year cumulative incidence of ESRD was lower (CABG, 6.8%; PCI, 5.4%) than death (CABG, 28.3%; PCI, 32.8%). The adjusted hazard ratio of death was higher during the first 3 months after CABG than after PCI (1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.40; P<0.001), but lower from 6 months onward (0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.69). Conversely, risk of ESRD after CABG was higher during the first 3 months (1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.01; P<0.001), but was not statistically significant from 3 months onward. The adjusted hazard ratio of combined death or ESRD was similar to death.Among CKD patients undergoing coronary revascularization, death is more frequent than ESRD. The incidence of ESRD was lower throughout follow-up after PCI, but long-term risks of death or combined death and ESRD were lower after CABG. Our data suggest better overall clinical outcomes with CABG than with PCI in CKD patients.
Prolonged duck hepatitis B virus replication in duck hepatocytes cocultivated with rat epithelial cells: A useful system for antiviral testing
Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Philippe Gripon, Oliver Hantz, Lucyna Cova, Véronique Lambert, Chantal Jacquet, Kyoichi Watanabe, Jack Fox, Christiane Guillouzo, Christian Trepo
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Duck cultured hepatocytes from Pekin ducks naturally infected by duck hepatitis B virus can remain functional twice longer if a coculture system with rat liver epithelial cells is used instead of ordinary primary culture. The use of a selective medium in which ornithine and lactate replaced arginine and glucose, respectively, allowed viral replication initiated in vivo to be maintained in the coculture for 2 months. Several antiviral compounds including the pyrophosphate analog (phosphonoformic acid) or nucleoside analogs (9β-arabinofuranosyl AMP, 1-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine, 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil and 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine were studied in both culture systems for their ability to inhibit duck hepatitis B virus replication. Hepatocytes were treated for 7 days with 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil (10 μM) and 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine (0.5 μM) or for 14 days with 9β-arabinofuranosyl AMP (90 μM), phosphonoformic acid (100 μM) and 1-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (6 μM). The effects of the drugs on viral replication were monitored by testing for duck hepatitis B virus DNA in the culture supernatant and in the cells by molecular hybridization. All the above-mentioned drugs demonstrated an inhibitory activity in both types of cultures which at the quite distinct doses used was greater for phosphonoformic acid and 1-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine than for 9β-arabinofuranosyl AMP, 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil or 1,2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine. Viral replication, however, resumed following discontinuation of treatment. More studies are needed to further confirm the relevance of this tissue culture system for the screening of new potential anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
Persistent inflammation and impaired chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages on cessation of dust exposure.
Authors: G M Brown, D M Brown, K Donaldson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Rats were exposed by inhalation to coal mine dust, titanium dioxide, or quartz. The magnitude of the consequent inflammatory response was assessed by counting numbers and types of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The magnitude of the inflammatory response reflected the toxicity of the dusts, with quartz eliciting the greatest recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes, coal mine dust less than quartz, and titanium dioxide eliciting no inflammation. To assess the persistence of the inflammation, groups of rats were maintained in room air for 30 or 60 days after cessation of dust exposure and then numbers of leukocytes were assessed. Bronchoalveolar leukocytes in rats exposed to coal mine dust were reduced after exposure, but in the quartz-exposed rats the numbers increased with time after exposure. The chemotactic responses of bronchoalveolar leukocytes from rats inhaling coal mine dust and quartz were reduced and remained so after a 30-day recovery period. Their reduced ability to chemotact did not fully prevent macrophages from leaving the bronchoalveolar region of dust-exposed rats. However, it is likely that the delayed removal of inflammatory leukocytes with the potential to injure the lung tissue may contribute to septal damage and so contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis.
Providing the world with clean water
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Remains a complex problem, but time is running out 

Some 150 years after John Snow discovered that a contaminated water pump was responsible for a localised cholera outbreak, two million people world wide still die every year from water related diarrhoeal illnesses.1 2 In 1854 John Snow did not know that an organism was responsible, but meticulous epidemiological studies and common sense led him to close the Broad Street pump, saving hundreds of lives. At the beginning of the 21st century, despite our extensive knowledge of the causes and prevention of water associated illnesses, 1.1 billion people around the world have no access to clean water and 2.4 billion have inadequate sanitation.1

Ideally, everyone would have the same high quality, abundant quantity water supply that people in the developed world take for granted: we flush drinking water down our toilets and wash ourselves, our clothes, and our cars in it. But usually it is a trade off between quality and quantity.

   ![][1] 

Credit: TRYGVE BOLSTAD/PANOS

The quantity of surface water (rivers, lakes, ponds, etc) is variable, depending on rainfall, and is poor quality, whereas groundwater (found in permeable rocks more than 100 metres underground) is usually high …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Topics in Gastroenterology
Authors: Bertram Fleshler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A postgraduate course in gastroenterology is given annually in Oxford. This volume represents a written version of the lectures given in a recent course, apparently in 1976. The major topics covered were (1) viral hepatitis, (2) reflux esophagitis and hiatal hernia, (3) radioisotopes in gastroenterology, and (4) a number of miscellaneous topics, which included discussions of computerized tomography, the H2 receptor antagonists, the action of salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine), gastric mucus and carbenoxolone sodium, and the prevention of infection after gastrointestinal surgery. The book is well printed and easy to read. One minor defect is the failure to publish pathology slides in color; they certainly lose much of their effect in shades of gray. The longest section was that devoted to radioisotopes in gastroenterology. Although there certainly were areas of interest reviewed, much of the presentation is of only marginal value to most gastroenterologists, internists, and general practitioners. There were rather long
Metabolic and hemodynamic parameters do not predict sleep disordered breathing in severe stable heart failure
Authors: Laurie A. Kilkenny, Srinivas Murali, Guy A. MacGowan, Michael A. Mathier, Dennis M. McNamara, Tammy R. Tokarczyk, Rachel J. Givelber, Patrick J. Strollo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Margin of safety
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

As Dr. Wilson points out, diseases which kill outright have less emotional impact than those which cripple. Consequently, poliomyelitis received, perhaps, greater attention than its epidemiological importance warranted. In the 1930's, massive organized philanthropy and the "March of Dimes" brought public interest to a high pitch and maintained a charged emotional atmosphere. Prior to 1949, extensive research had not yet progressed far in conquering the disease. But then Enders' discovery of means for culturing the virus was the significant breakthrough which set the stage for the final assault. This final assault Wilson describes at length. After presenting some historical landmarks and some elementary virology and immunology, Wilson discusses the development of the various vaccines. The scene was scarcely conducive to impartial, patient, scientific investigation. Enormous public interest, competition among the scientists, severe pressures exerted by organized philanthropy, the entrance of big business, and various political considerations all helped to make
The establishment and clinical value of a dermatological photobiology service in a district general hospital
Authors: B. L. DIFFEY, P. M. FARR, F. A. IVE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The availability of a local dermatological photobiology facility has proved to be of great value in the management of patients with photodermatoses, especially those with chronic actinic dermatitis. It is our belief that clinically useful results can only be achieved if careful attention is paid to technical factors such as radiation measurement.
PREVENTION OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFTER MARRIAGE.
Authors: RUFUS B. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our present knowledge does not extend far enough to enable us to have any influence in preventing benign and malignant growths of the female pelvic organs. For this reason they will be wholly disregarded in this discussion. I have, therefore, somewhat modified the title of my paper as published in the program and will limit my remarks to the prevention of inflammatory pelvic diseases after marriage, as they are preventable in a large majority of instances. It has been said that statistics are worthless, but I am convinced that carefully tabulated records of cases coming under the observation of physicians are very valuable, especially when honestly used in a discussion like this one. The following statistics have been taken from my private office records, where every case that enters my consultation-room is carefully recorded. These results may be of interest and value to us in this discussion. The records show
The use of tracheostomy following major open cardiac surgery: a review of 64 cases
Authors: J. C. Nicholls
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Sixty-four tracheostomies performed in the period September 1965 to August 1966 in patients undergoing major open-heart surgery are reviewed. The indications and complications are classified, and the high incidence of secondary infection is discussed briefly. Tracheal stenosis or dilatation occurred in six patients (9·4%) and the contributory factors are discussed in greater detail.
Salicylates: An International Symposium Sponsored by the Empire Rheumatism Council With the Support of the Nicholas Research Institute, Ltd., Postgraduate Medical School of London, 13th-15th September, 1962
Authors: Eleanor Berman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Approximately 9 million pounds of aspirin are sold yearly in the United States for treating our 6 billion headaches plus various and sundry pains. Since an International Symposium on Salicylates was held at Postgraduate Medical School of London in September, 1962, we can assume that the per ache and pain consumption in Britain is comparable. However, salicylates are not innocuous compounds. The numerous severe intoxications, often leading to death among children in the US, Britain, and elsewhere, are witness to the potential hazards. The volume<i>Salicylates,</i>edited by Dixon et al, is a well-reported account of the symposium. Representatives from Britain, the US, Hungary, and the Netherlands presented their experimental work. In addition to being a source of information to the clinician, pharmacologist, chemist, and medical student, the book makes delightful reading. Various aspects of salicylate activity are discussed more fully than in the usual pharmacology text. Clinical implications of
Respiratory Maneuvers to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Robert H. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Significant pulmonary complications occur in 20% to 40% of patients following abdominal or thoracic operations,<sup>1-3</sup>making pulmonary complications the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period.<sup>4</sup>The desire of the surgeon and the inhalation therapist to prevent the familiar progression of atelectasis, tachypnea, hypoxia, fever, and pneumonitis has led to a wide variety of practices to prevent pulmonary complications. The prophylactic respiratory maneuver is one of many aspects of postoperative care that are intended to minimize pulmonary complications. Various respiratory maneuvers and devices to encourage those maneuvers are used in different centers. The purpose of this report is to review the altered physiology of the postoperative period, describe what respiratory maneuvers must be carried out to reverse that pathophysiology, and to examine the reports of specific maneuvers and devices. <h3>Pulmonary Physiology in the Postoperative Patient</h3> Major changes in lung volume, mechanics, and gas exchange
Unusual Thyroid Scintigrams in Plummerʼs Disease During Methimazole Therapy Conversion of Hot to Hypofunctional Nodules
Authors: HAJIME TAMAI, KEISUKE NAGAI, JUNKO ISHIMOTO, SUNAO MATSUBAYASHI, FUMIO MATSUZUKA, AKIRA MIYAUCHI, KANJI KUMA, SHIGENOBU NAGATAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Thyroid scintigrams of two women (aged 48 and 58) with Plummer's disease showed unusual radioiodine accumulation during treatment with methimazole (MMI). Before MMI therapy, the scintigrams revealed most of the radioiodine uptake only in the nodules of the patients and very little uptake in the non-nodular portions of the thyroid. After initiation of MMI therapy, scintigrams performed at three and eight months revealed that the hot nodules had become hypofunctional and that the surrounding tissues had normal radioiodine accumulation. The findings indicate that the nodules in Plummer's disease continue to concentrate MMI selectively compared with normal surrounding thyroid tissue during therapy.