tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory epithelial cell expression of human transforming growth factor-alpha induces lung fibrosis in transgenic mice.
Authors: T R Korfhagen, R J Swantz, S E Wert, J M McCarty, C B Kerlakian, S W Glasser, J A Whitsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Increased production of EGF or TGF-alpha by the respiratory epithelial cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of various forms of lung injury. Growth factors and cytokines are thought to act locally, via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms, to stimulate cell proliferation and matrix deposition by interstitial lung cells resulting in pulmonary fibrosis. To test whether TGF-alpha mediates pulmonary fibrotic responses, we have generated transgenic mice expressing human TGF-alpha under control of regulatory regions of the human surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene. Human TGF-alpha mRNA was expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells in the lungs of the transgenic mice. Adult mice bearing the SP-C-TGF-alpha transgene developed severe pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrotic lesions were observed in peribronchial, peribronchiolar, and perivascular regions, as well as subjacent to pleural surfaces. Lesions consisted of fibrous tissue that included groups of epithelial cells expressing endogenous SP-C mRNA, consistent with their identification as distal respiratory epithelial cells. Peripheral fibrotic regions consisted of thickened pleura associated with extensive collagen deposition. Alveolar architecture was disrupted in the transgenic mice with loss of alveoli in the lung parenchyma. Pulmonary epithelial cell expression of TGF-alpha in transgenic mice disrupts alveolar morphogenesis and produces fibrotic lesions mediated by paracrine signaling between respiratory epithelial and interstitial cells of the lung.
A more substantive neuron doctrine
Authors: Joe Y. F. Lau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

First, it is not clear from Gold &amp; Stoljar's definition of biological neuroscience whether it includes computational and representational concepts. If so, then their evaluation of Kandel's theory is problematic. If not, then a more direct refutation of the radical neuron doctrine is available. Second, objections to the psychological sciences might derive not just from the conflation of the radical and the trivial neuron doctrines. There might also be the implicit belief that, for many mental phenomena, adequate theories must invoke neurophysiological concepts and cannot be purely psychological.
Corrigendum to “In vivo time-dependent gene expression of cationic lipid-based emulsion as a stable and biocompatible non-viral gene carrier” [J. Control. Release 128 (2008) 89–97]
Authors: Seok Min Kwon, Hae Yun Nam, Taehwan Nam, Kyeongsoon Park, Seulki Lee, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Joon Kim, Dongmin Kang, Jae Hyung Park, Seo Young Jeong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
The Defense against Hyperkalemia: The Roles of Insulin and Aldosterone
Authors: Malcolm Cox, Richard H. Sterns, Irwin Singer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

POTASSIUM homeostasis can be conveniently divided into two inter-related systems: external and internal potassium balance. External balance controls total body potassium content and is determined by the difference between potassium intake and potassium excretion. Since potassium losses in the stool and sweat are normally relatively small, renal excretion is the dominant factor that usually determines external potassium balance. In certain kinds of intestinal disorders, however, diarrhea or malabsorption may lead to very large stool losses, but, normally, intestinal excretion plays little or no part in the defense against hyperkalemia. Internal balance refers to the distribution of potassium between the extracellular . . .
More About DDT-Reply
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In reply:—</h3> The need for DDT, and its safety (including absence of carcinogenicity) for human beings have both become increasingly evident in the past 20 years, despite Wurster's comment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Hearing Examiner concluded that DDT is not a safety hazard to man when used as directed, is not a carcinogenic hazard to man, does not have a deleterious effect on freshwater fish, estuarine organisms, wild birds or other wildlife under the regulations involved, and there is a present need for the continued use of DDT for essential uses.<sup>1</sup>His findings, conclusions and orders were overturned by William Ruckelshaus, even though, in 1970, Ruckelshaus had stated that DDT has an amazing and exemplary record of safe use. DDT, when properly used at recommended concentrations, does not cause a toxic response in man or other mammals, and is not harmful. The carcinogenic claims regarding DDT are unproved
CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) in human allergen‐induced late nasal responses
Authors: G. Banfield, H. Watanabe, G. Scadding, M. R. Jacobson, S. J. Till, D. A. Hall, D. S. Robinson, C. M. Lloyd, K. T. Nouri‐Aria, S. R. Durham
Journal: Allergy (2010)

CC Chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is preferentially expressed on Th2 lymphocytes. CCR4-mediated inflammation may be important in the pathology of allergic rhinitis. Disruption of CCR4 - ligand interaction may abrogate allergen-induced inflammation.Sixteen allergic rhinitics and six nonatopic individuals underwent both allergen and control (diluent) nasal challenges. Symptom scores and peak nasal inspiratory flow were recorded. Nasal biopsies were taken at 8 h post challenge. Sections were immunostained and examined by light or dual immunofluorescence microscopy for eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, CCR4(+)CD3(+) and CXCR3(+)CD3(+) cells and examined by in situ hybridization for CCR4, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA(+) cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood of nine normal donors and the CCR4(+)CD4(+) cells assessed for actin polymerization in response to the CCR4 ligand macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and the influence of a CCR4 antagonist tested.Allergic rhinitics had increased early and late phase symptoms after allergen challenge compared to diluent; nonatopics did not respond to either challenge. Eosinophils, but not total numbers of CD3(+) T cells, were increased in rhinitics following allergen challenge. In rhinitics, there was an increase in CCR4(+)CD3(+) protein-positive cells relative to CXCR3(+)CD3(+) cells; CCR4 mRNA+ cells were increased and IL-4 increased to a greater extent than IFN-gamma. CCR4(+)CD4(+) T cells responded to MDC in vitro, and this response was inhibited by the selective CCR4 antagonist.Lymphocyte CCR4 expression is closely associated with induction of human allergen-induced late nasal responses. Blocking CCR4-ligand interaction may provide a novel therapeutic approach in allergic disease.
The Ib Phase of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Ischemic In Situ Porcine Heart Is Related to Changes in Cell-to-Cell Electrical Coupling
Authors: William T. Smith, William F. Fleet, Timothy A. Johnson, Connie L. Engle, Wayne E. Cascio
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the loss of cell-to-cell electrical interaction during ischemia modulates the amplitude of ischemia-induced TQ-segment depression (ie, the injury potential) and the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during the so-called Ib phase of ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and Results Regional ischemia was induced by 60 minutes of mid–left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in open-chest swine (n=10). Cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling was defined as the onset of the terminal rise in whole-tissue resistivity (R t ). Local activation times and TQ-segment changes (injury potential) were determined from unipolar electrograms. Extracellular K + ([K + ] e ) and pH (pH e ) were measured with plunge-wire ion-selective electrodes. VF occurred in 6 of 10 pigs during regional no-flow ischemia between 19 and 30 minutes after the arrest of perfusion. The occurrence of VF was positively correlated to the onset of cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling ( R 2 =.885). Cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling superimposed on changes of [K + ] e and pH e contributed to the failure of impulse propagation between 19 and 30 minutes after the arrest of perfusion. During ischemia, maximum TQ-segment depression was −10 mV at 19 minutes, after which TQ-segment depression slowly recovered. The onset of the TQ-segment recovery was correlated to the second rise in R t ( R 2 =.886). Conclusions In the regionally ischemic in situ porcine heart, loss of cell-to-cell electrical interaction is related to the occurrence of VF and changes in the amplitude of the injury current. Cellular electrical uncoupling contributes to failure of impulse propagation in the setting of altered tissue excitability as a result of elevated [K + ] e and low pH e . These data indicate that Ib arrhythmias and ECG changes during ischemia are influenced by the loss of cell-to-cell electrical interaction.
Screening with chest radiography did not reduce lung cancer mortality in older patients
Authors: Yves Lacasse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Oken MM, Hocking WG, Kvale PA, et al. Screening by chest radiograph and lung cancer mortality: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306:1865-73. 22031728
Regulation of renin expression and blood pressure by vitamin D3
Authors: Curt D. Sigmund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been recognized as an important regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte balance in mammals. The RAS exerts its effects through the generation and action of angiotensin II (Ang II), which has potent vasoconstrictor, antinatriuretic, and dipsogenic properties.

Ang II is generated by the serial cleavage of angiotensinogen, first by the aspartyl protease renin, and then by the carboxydipeptidase angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II acts as both an endocrine hormone and an autocrine and paracrine effector, notably in the kidney, heart, and brain, where it can be synthesized locally. Studies of gene-targeted mice reveal that in addition to having cardiovascular effects, the RAS is required during development, in particular during the postnatal period as development of the kidney continues (1).
A CASE OF COCCIDIOIDAL GRANULOMA (CALIFORNIA DISEASE)
Authors: G. R. CARSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>History.</h3> —H. D. V., aged 24, American, clerk, Coalinga, San Joaquin Valley, California, was admitted to Southern Pacific Hospital Feb. 17, 1913. Family history was negative. Patient had had measles and typhoid (?) when a child. Denied venereal infection. He was in hospital from Aug. 16 to 20, 1912, for laryngitis, which was suspected of being tuberculous. The present illness apparently began two months before admission with "a cold." the laryngeal condition having subsided shortly after the previous discharge. Four days before readmission trifacial neuralgia together with severe frontal and occipital headache developed. Patient lost 20 pounds in weight in two weeks. No cough; no thoracic pains. <h3>Examination.</h3> —Poorly nourished young man. Pulse rapid and weak; respirations normal; temperature 97.6 F. (a. m.). Pupils react well to light but poorly to accommodation. Tongue coated. Lungs and heart negative. Very slight abdominal tenderness. Spleen negative. No rose-spots. No tremors. Urinalysis: clear, amber,
Directional movement of cells in vivo and in vitro under the influence of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
Authors: J. R. BOOT, E. A. KITCHEN, J. R. WALKER, J. HARVEY, W. DAWSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Five inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase activity [phenidone, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), BW755c, nafazatrom and the methyl ester of caffeic acid] have been compared with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin as inhibitors of aggregation and chemotaxis by guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results suggest that neither 5-lipoxygenase nor cyclo-oxygenase products are of significance in these in vitro assays. However, all of these compounds, with the exception of BW755c, significantly inhibited cell accumulation in an acute inflammatory model. These results cast doubt on the central importance of any individual arachidonic acid metabolite in the development of inflammation in vivo.
Psychological treatment centres: Layard's vision has already started
Authors: Denise Barulis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Guinea pig development <i>in utero</i> is more similar to humans than any other rodent species. As such, their importance to reproductive studies is evident, particularly those studies focused on therapeutic interventions to improve human pregnancy outcome. Tracking the guinea pig estrus cycle is imperative to ensuring appropriately timed mating and can be performed by monitoring the guinea pig vaginal membrane. Here, we describe, and provide picture representation, of changes to the guinea pig vaginal membrane throughout the estrus cycle. Utilization of this monitoring enabled a 100% pregnancy success rate on the first mating attempt in a cohort of five guinea pigs. This approach, along with early pregnancy ultrasounds as a secondary method to confirm pregnancy, offers a cost effective and reliable approach to timed-mating in the guinea pig.
Guidelines on New Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
Authors: SANFORD H. ROTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1986Guidelines on New Anti-Rheumatic DrugsSANFORD H. ROTH, M.D.SANFORD H. ROTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-288_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Anti-Rheumatic New Drug Guidelines Group, first described in anAnnals'editorial in July 1984 (1), has now submitted recommendations to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that will be reported at the second annual meeting of this group in Scottsdale, Arizona, on 1 to 3 May 1986. This meeting will be held in parallel and simultaneously with a national symposium on rheumatic therapeutics. This will allow for open participation and response to the outcomes of this continuing process, which happily will be in concert with a program of extensive discussions on the panoply of therapies in...References1. ROTHMACKENZIE SA. Drug development, guidelines, and the Food and Drug Administration [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:125-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MARWICK C. FDA prepares to meet regulatory challenges of the 21st century. JAMA. 1985;254:2189-93, 2199-201. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PAULUS H. Government affairs: FDA guidelines for clinical evaluation of drugs for rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27:1421-2. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chairman, Anti-Rheumatic Drug Guidelines Group Phoenix, AZ 85006 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEvaluating the Antirheumatic DrugsSANFORD H. ROTH, M.D. 1 February 1986Volume 104, Issue 2Page: 288-288KeywordsDrug administrationDrugsFood and Drug Administration Issue Published: 1 February 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract A70: PTEN loss induces selective upregulation of CXCL8 signaling to modulate survival and resistance to radiation
Authors: Jonathan Coulter, Pamela Maxwell, Melanie McKechnie, Jessica Neisen, Richard Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Chris Albanese, David Waugh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PTEN is a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor and the most frequently mutated gene in prostate cancer (CaP). Moreover, loss of PTEN expression arising from allele deletion or promoter methylation is prevalent early disease. The objective of our study was to characterize how the genetic instability and/or stress-induced signaling arising from PTEN loss modulated the expression of clinically-relevant pro-inflammatory chemokines. Transient (siRNA) or prolonged (shRNA) repression of PTEN resulted in increased transcription-mediated increases in expression of CXCL8 and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR1 in DU145 and 22Rv1 cells. Stress-induced expression of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 was greater in magnitude and duration in PTEN-null PC3 and LNCaP cells, in contrast to the dampened response observed in PTEN-expressing cells. PTEN had no effect on basal or stress-induced expression of CCL2, CXCL12 or their receptors in prostate cancer cells. Moroever, the efficacy of autocrine CXCL8 signaling to induce HIF-1 and NF-κB transcription was also greater in magnitude and duration in PTEN-null prostate cancer cells or following siRNA-mediated PTEN knockdown in DU145 and 22Rv1 cells. Consistent with in vitro data, we observed increased expression of the orthologous murine chemokine KC in atypical cytological features of PTEN+/− prostate tissue relative to normal epithelium in PTENWT glands. Finally, siRNA or shRNA-mediated attenuation of CXCL8 signaling selectively decreased the viability of CaP cells harboring partial or complete PTEN-loss. Furthermore, the knockdown of CXCL8 signaling potentiated the sensitivity of PTEN-depleted prostate cancer cells to clinicallyrelevant doses of ionozing radiation. We conclude that there is a selective upregulation of CXCL8 signaling in PTEN-deficient prostate epithelium, which contributes to the growth, survival and reduced therapeutic sensitivity of these cells. Citation Format: Jonathan Coulter, Pamela Maxwell, Melanie McKechnie, Jessica Neisen, Richard Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Chris Albanese, David Waugh. PTEN loss induces selective upregulation of CXCL8 signaling to modulate survival and resistance to radiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A70.
Cases of Diphtheria Treated with Antitoxin in University College Hospital, December, 1894, to December, 1895
Authors: S. Martin, H. R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1896)

necessary to prove a microbe to be the actual cause of disease, and at the same time an exemplification that identity of cause may occasion a variety of effects.We have in this 11 On Football Impetigo, by H.
Temporal relationship between the decrease in arterial pressure and sodium retention in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats with carbon tetrachloride–induced cirrhosis
Authors: Clara López, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Clària, Giorgio La Villa, Mónica Asbert, Joan Gaya, Francisca Rivera, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

It has been proposed that the initial event of sodium retention in cirrhosis is a peripheral arteriolar vasodilation causing underfilling of the arterial vascular compartment and stimulation of the renin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems. To test this hypothesis, systolic blood pressure, sodium balance and urinary excretion of sodium and aldosterone were sequentially measured in 13 conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats submitted to a cirrhosis induction program with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital and in 14 control hypertensive animals. No significant differences were found between control and cirrhotic rats in any of the measured parameters during the first 7 wk of the study. The eighth week sodium retention developed in cirrhotic rats as indicated by a positive sodium balance and a marked decrease of sodium excretion. At the same time a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and a great increase in urinary excretion of aldosterone were detected. These changes were more marked the ninth week of the study. In cirrhotic rats there was a highly significant direct correlation between systolic blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion. Postmortem examination showed a histological picture of cirrhosis in all animals given carbon tetrachloride and ascites in six of them. These results indicate that the onset of hyperaldosteronism and sodium retention in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis is chronologically related to a significant decrease in arterial pressure, thus supporting the "peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis" of ascites.
Identification of A Novel SBF2 Frameshift Mutation in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Type 4B2 Using Whole-exome Sequencing
Authors: Meiyan Chen, Jing Wu, Ning Liang, Lihui Tang, Yanhua Chen, Huishuang Chen, Wei Wei, Tianying Wei, Hui Huang, Xin Yi, Ming Qi
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4B2 with early-onset glaucoma (CMT4B2, OMIM 604563) is a genetically-heterogeneous childhood-onset neuromuscular disorder. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old male adolescent with lower extremity weakness, gait abnormalities, foot deformities and early-onset glaucoma. Since clinical diagnosis alone was insufficient for providing pathogenetic evidence to indicate that the condition belonged to a consanguineous family, we applied whole-exome sequencing to samples from the patient, his parents and his younger brother, assuming that the patient’s condition is transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. A frame-shift mutation, c.4571delG (P.Gly1524Glufs∗42), was revealed in the CMT4B2-related gene SBF2 (also known as MTMR13, MIM 607697), and this mutation was found to be homozygous in the proband and heterozygous in his parents and younger brother. Together with the results of clinical diagnosis, this case was diagnosed as CMT4B2. Our finding further demonstrates the use of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.
Commentary: Replication of results
Authors: M D Buckley-Sharp, D A Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The phenomenon of high ambient temperature causing a factitious hypokalaemia is not described in the usual textbooks and seems to be largely unknown. If it is so easily demonstrated, even in a temperate climate, then it should be equally easily repeatable.

We recovered all plasma potassium results from 1 January to 30 September 1995, divided them into two groups according to their origin (general practice and other), and calculated the mean and standard deviation for …