tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection, Hypothermia, and Hemodynamic Monitoring
Authors: DAVID W. POTTS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Infection, Hypothermia, and Hemodynamic MonitoringDAVID W. POTTS, M.D., ANGELO SINOPOLI, M.D.DAVID W. POTTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANGELO SINOPOLI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-869_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Morris and associates (1) write that by hemodynamic monitoring they could separate patients with or without infection. However, over one third of their patients required right heart catherizations for such criteria as hypotension and oliguria. In addition, mortality in these patients was significantly higher than that in the noncatheterized patients, although their clinical characteristics were similar. Catheter entrance into the heart should be avoided (2) to prevent arrhythmias during hypothermia. In the study by Drs. Morris and associates, was hemodynamic monitoring a significant risk factor for mortality in patients either with or without sepsis?Avoidance of hemodynamic...References1. MORRISCHAMBERSMORRISSANDE DHMM. Hemodynamic characteristics of patients with hypothermia due to occult infection and other causes. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:153-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. REULER J. Hypothermia: pathophysiology, clinical setting and management. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:519-27. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Greenville, SC 29605 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypothermia and Heat-Related Injuries 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 869-869KeywordsArrhythmiaCathetersHeartHemodynamicsHypotensionHypothermiaMedical risk factorsMortalityPatient advocacySepsis Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
High nocturnal body temperature in premenstrual syndrome and late luteal phase dysphoric disorder
Authors: S K Severino, D R Wagner, M L Moline, S W Hurt, C P Pollak, S Zendell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Because women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) experience symptomatic affective states predictably, they can be studied to determine whether there are biological findings related solely to the clinically symptomatic state. The authors sought to answer the question, Does body temperature change with affective state?The core body temperature and motor activity patterns of 10 women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), six of whom also met criteria for LLPDD, and no other psychological or medical illness were compared to those of six women with chronic, noncyclic dysphoria and six asymptomatic comparison women at four phases of the menstrual cycle.The nocturnal temperatures of the women with PMS/LLPDD were significantly higher than those of the comparison subjects across the entire menstrual cycle, but there were no differences in nocturnal activity levels. The women with noncyclic dysphoria had a mean nocturnal temperature in the follicular phase as high as that of the women with PMS/LLPDD. The temperatures of all women were higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase.These findings suggest that in the future investigators should document menstrual cycle phase in all female subjects and, when studying body temperature, should carefully monitor symptomatic state in comparison subjects.
Respiratory syncytial virus and subsequent asthma: one step closer to unravelling the Gordian knot?
Authors: G. Piedimonte, E.A.F. Simoes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infancy, infecting nearly all children within the first 2 yrs of life 1. There is growing evidence that severe RSV lower respiratory infection (LRI) early in life is an important risk factor for the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma in later childhood 2 but the field abounds with apparent controversy 3–13. A recent paper from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study in Arizona, USA has demonstrated that mild-to-moderate RSV LRI in the first 3 yrs of life is an important risk factor for subsequent wheezing 7, 8 up to 11 yrs of age, but this risk is no longer statistically significant by 13 yrs of age 8. In this study, no relationship was found between the infection and development of atopy. In contrast, in Boras, Sweden, subsequent recurrent wheezing in later childhood (up to 7 yrs of follow-up) was observed in children with a history of severe bronchiolitis requiring hospitalisation in infancy 9, 10 and a significant association was found between RSV and atopic sensitisation, which was not explained by a family history of asthma or atopy. How does one reconcile these apparently discrepant observations? Clearly not all children with recurrent wheezing disease have been previously hospitalised with severe RSV bronchiolitis and not all children with RSV LRI go on to wheeze. The explanation for these observations is slowly unravelling.

It was initially suggested that RSV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E during acute infection and convalescence correlated with both the severity of RSV illness and subsequent wheezing 14. This implied that the immune responses to RSV were implicit in the subsequent development of an asthmatic phenotype, and has in part driven some of the studies examining the relationship between RSV infection and the T-helper (Th) 2-type responses to …
Doctor who helped introduce MMR advises giving parents the choice of single vaccines
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A researcher who chaired the committee that introduced the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme into the United Kingdom has said that offering the choice of single vaccines could end the stalemate whereby some parents are refusing to have their children vaccinated.

Dr Eileen Rubery, senior research associate at the Judge Institute of Management, University of Cambridge, chaired the committee that introduced MMR vaccination to the United Kingdom in 1994, when she was under secretary …
Comparing Treatments for Localized Prostate Cancer—Persisting Uncertainty
Authors: Gerald W. Chodak
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Juvenile pemphigoid nodularis
Authors: R.C. RATNAVEL, A.J. SHANKS, J.W. GRANT, P.G. NORRIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Juvenile pemphigoid nodularis Get access R.C. RATNAVEL, R.C. RATNAVEL Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.J. SHANKS, A.J. SHANKS Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.W. GRANT, J.W. GRANT Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.G. NORRIS P.G. NORRIS Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 125–126, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06899.x Published: 01 January 1994
USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN NONBACTERIAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: Philip N. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The discovery of the sulfonamides and antibiotics is one of the most brilliant pages in the history of medicine. Many bacterial and rickettsial diseases that formerly were fatal are now treated successfully with antibiotics in a relatively short time. The outstanding success with bacterial and rickettsial infections has not been paralleled in the antibiotic treatment of viral diseases. Antibiotics are effective against the viruses that cause psittacosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and trachoma and appear to be of value in the treatment of viral pneumonias. 1 It is generally conceded, however, that the use of antibiotics in acute nonbacterial respiratory infections and influenza is of no benefit in the treatment of the primary disease. 2   The most important viral-like conditions with regard to incidence and economic importance are moderately severe, acute illnesses that are loosely grouped with certain bacterial conditions as acute respiratory infections. During outbreaks of so-called acute respiratory infection simultaneous
Medical Practice Guidelines: Current Activities and Future Directions
Authors: Anne-Marie Audet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To examine the state of the art in the field of medical practice guidelines, to identify limitations, and to suggest future directions. Design: Informal descriptive survey using a questionnaire administered by telephone, supplemented by comments, by opinions, and by examples solicited from the participating organizations. Participants: Eight prominent organizations representing prototype approaches to guideline development; these organizations included three medical societies, two health care organizations, two insurers, and one private health benefits management company. Results: Improving the quality of medical care was a stated goal of all eight surveyed organizations. However, their objectives have not been stated in operational terms, reflecting the lesser emphasis placed on methods and means for both implementing guidelines and evaluating their impact on health practices and outcomes. In contrast, several systematic methods for developing guidelines exist. They differ in the stress placed on formal literature reviews, reliance on local as opposed to national experts, and formal methods of group judgment, but no evidence exists on which approaches produce sounder and more usable guidelines. Conclusions: Guidelines are being vigorously promoted as a means to improve the effectiveness of the health care system. Current initiatives show both strengths and weaknesses. In particular, the attention now paid to the development of guidelines needs to be matched by attention to implementation strategies and to the scientific evaluation of their effectiveness in real clinical settings. Also, more agreement is needed on acceptable methods for developing guidelines, assessing their content, and evaluating their impact on professional behavior, patient outcomes, and health care costs. Fortunately, several initiatives to bring greater order and quality to this field are under way.
Medicolegal Aspects of the Worcester Tornado
Authors: F. H. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

LATE in the afternoon of June 9, 1953, Worcester was bringing to a close another humid industrial, business, agricultural and professional day. People, preparing to go home, paid the approaching storm little heed. As rain enveloped the city, they commented on the enormous size of the hailstones and sought shelter from them. But, not far out in the county, with no warning whatever, this ordinary storm was mysteriously metamorphosed into a more extraordinary bit of destruction than most communities have ever experienced. At one focal point, nature wrapped all its fury into one cataclysmic vortex. A tornado was born. Like . . .
Role for tumour necrosis factor-α receptors in ultraviolet-induced skin tumours
Authors: B. Starcher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

The biological effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are mediated through either the TNFR1 or the TNFR2 receptor. In the present study, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on skin pathology and tumour promotion were studied in hairless mice deficient in either the TNFR1 or the TNFR2 receptor. SKH-1 hairless mice were crossed with either TNFR1 knockout (KO) mice or TNFR2 KO mice to develop a strain of hairless mice deficient in either of these receptors. Elastosis and other pathological indications of UVB irradiation were not affected by the loss of either receptor. The absence of either receptor, however, resulted in a highly significant reduction in skin tumours in response to UVB irradiation. Inflammatory cell influx following chronic UV irradiation was virtually eliminated in the TNFR1 KO mice, while the TNFR2 KO mice responded to UV irradiation with the normal increase in inflammatory cells throughout the lower and upper dermis. Contact hypersensitivity responses were eliminated in the TNFR2 KO mice, whereas the TNFR1 KO mice retained normal contact hypersensitivity reactions. These studies suggest that TNF-alpha plays no part in the accumulation of excessive elastin in the skin during chronic UVB exposure. However, there appears to be an important role for TNF-alpha in mediating tumorigenesis, distinct from its role in initiating cutaneous immune responses.
The serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist BRL 43694 and nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.
Authors: J. Carmichael, B. M. Cantwell, C. M. Edwards, W. G. Rapeport, A. L. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1988)

avoided.Our one experience with direct fetal treat- ment was not successful, and possibly a longer duration of transplacental treatment would have been more appropriate.In our series the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome as the underlying cause of the tachycardia was found in three of the 22 infants who had a postnatal electro- cardiogram.In summary p, ,hological atrial tachycardias are a potential cause of non-immune hydrops.As these rhythm disturbances may be intermittent, this diag- nosis should be considered in all cases of fetal hydrops even if the tachycardia is not present at the initial examination.It is not possible to predict which of the non-hydropic fetuses will progress to become hydropic.We therefore believe that an attempt at transplacental treatment is valid in all cases.Our results show that maternal transplacental treatment is both safe and effective and may avert preterm delivery and its attendant morbidity.
Genetic Complementation of Human Muscle Cells via Directed Stem Cell Fusion
Authors: Manuel AFV Gonçalves, Jim Swildens, Maarten Holkers, Anjali Narain, Gijsbert P van Nierop, Marloes JM van de Watering, Shoshan Knaän-Shanzer, Antoine AF de Vries
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the X chromosome-linked DMD gene, which encodes the sarcolemma-stabilizing protein-dystrophin. Initial attempts at DMD therapy deployed muscle progenitor cells from healthy donors. The utilization of these cells is, however, hampered by their immunogenicity, while those from DMD patients are scarce and display limited ex vivo replication. Nonmuscle cells with myogenic capacity may offer valuable alternatives especially if, to allow autologous transplantation, they are amenable to genetic intervention. As a paradigm for therapeutic gene transfer by heterotypic cell fusion we are investigating whether human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can serve as donors of recombinant DMD genes for recipient human muscle cells. Here, we show that forced MyoD expression in hMSCs greatly increases their tendency to participate in human myotube formation turning them into improved DNA delivery vehicles. Efficient loading of hMSCs with recombinant DMD was achieved through a new tropism-modified high-capacity adenoviral (hcAd) vector directing striated muscle-specific synthesis of full-length dystrophin. This study introduces the principle of genetic complementation of gene-defective cells via directed cell fusion and provides an initial framework to test whether transient MyoD synthesis in autologous, gene-corrected hMSCs increases their potential for treating DMD and, possibly, other muscular dystrophies.
What Role for Chiropractic in Health Care?
Authors: Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

On September 18, 1895, Daniel David Palmer manipulated the spine of Harvey Lilliard, allegedly restoring Mr. Lilliard's sense of hearing and founding the practice of chiropractic.1 From this beginning, despite decades of persecution from government and organized medicine, chiropractors have become the third largest group of health professionals in the United States (after physicians and dentists) who have primary contact with patients. Chiropractors are licensed to practice in all 50 states, Medicare covers chiropractic care for radiographically proved subluxation of the vertebral spine, 45 states have state-mandated benefits for chiropractic, and an increasing number of insurance plans and managed-care organizations . . .
High Prevalence and Low Fecundity of Mental Disorders May Reflect Recessive Effects
Authors: David Curtis
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the alterations in lung mechanics caused by endotoxemia in the unanesthetized sheep.
Authors: J R Snapper, A A Hutchison, M L Ogletree, K L Brigham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on lung mechanics, hemodynamics, gas exchange, and lung fluid and solute exchange were studied in 12 chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep. A possible role for cyclooxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism as mediators of the endotoxin-induced alterations in lung mechanics was investigated by studying sheep before and after cyclooxygenase inhibition with sodium meclofenamate and ibuprofen. Sheep were studied three times in random order: (a) sodium meclofenamate (or ibuprofen) infusion alone; (b) E. coli endotoxin alone; and (c) meclofenamate (or ibuprofen) and endotoxin. Meclofenamate alone had no effect on any of the variables measured. Endotoxin alone caused early marked changes in lung mechanics: resistance to airflow across the lungs (RL) increased 10-fold, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) decreased 80% and functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased by greater than 30%. The alveolar-to-arterial oxygen difference (delta AaPO2) increased markedly following endotoxemia. In the presence of sufficient meclofenamate to inhibit accumulation of thromboxane-B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in lung lymph, endotoxin caused no increase in RL, Cdyn decreased by less than 40%, and FRC decreased by only 6%. Meclofenamate significantly attenuated the hypoxemia and early pulmonary hypertension caused by endotoxemia but had no effect on the late increases in lung fluid and solute exchange. Ibuprofen had similar effects to those observed with meclofenamate. We conclude that both the pulmonary hypertension and changes in lung mechanics observed after endotoxemia may be mediated, at least in part, by constrictor prostaglandins or thromboxanes and that gas exchange may be improved by preventing endogenous synthesis of these mediators.
Noninvasive monitoring of respiratory mechanics during sleep
Authors: R Farré, J M Montserrat, D Navajas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome is characterised by recurrent obstructions of the upper airway, resulting in sleep disruption and arterial oxygen desaturations. Noninvasive assessment of respiratory mechanics during sleep is helpful in facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome. This series summarises the different tools that are currently available to noninvasively assess respiratory mechanics during sleep breathing disturbances. These techniques are classified according to the main variable monitored: ventilation, breathing effort or airway obstruction. Changes in patient ventilation are assessed by recording flow or volume signals by means of pneumotachographs, thermistors or thermocouples, nasal prongs or thoraco-abdominal bands. Common tools to noninvasively assess breathing efforts are the thoraco-abdominal bands and the pulse transit time technique. Upper airway obstruction is noninvasively characterised by its upstream resistance and its critical pressure or by means of the forced oscillation technique. Given the technical and practical limitations of each technique, combining different tools improves the reliability and robustness of patient assessment during sleep.
Acute medicine needs to be available 365 days a year
Authors: C. Semple
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The inexorable rise in medical admissions in the United Kingdom is well documented if poorly understood.1 The increased activity has produced inevitable stresses at a time when bed numbers have fallen, the hours of work for doctors in training are being reduced, and the importance of formalised education in addition to experiential training is being increasingly recognised. 2 3

The working practices of doctors and nurses in many acute units are changing radically in an …