tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perplexing Parlance of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Authors: Thomas M. Helm
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the report by Fullerton et al<sup>1</sup>of a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Of note, their patient had no evidence of diffuse large-cell lymphoma at the time of autopsy. His lymphoma seems to have been in remission for the 6 months prior to the development of his blistering cutaneous eruption. In the last sentence of the article, the authors write "our patient clearly demonstrates that an associated neoplasm need not be active or detectable" in paraneoplastic pemphigus. This brings up the question of whether paraneoplastic pemphigus is truly paraneoplastic. The Greek prefix<i>para</i>- means beside, and the course of paraneoplastic phenomena has traditionally been expected to approximately parallel a malignant process in order for a causal relationship to be demonstrated.<sup>2</sup>Fullerton et al elegantly demonstrate that their patient had the same disorder described by Anhalt et al.
Consent may be hard to obtain for incompetent patients when relatives object
Authors: E. P Morris
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—McFadzean et al introduce an ethical debate that arose when a critically ill patient was unable to give consent to a procedure that she had previously refused to consent to.1 The article highlighted a problem that many specialties experience. One important, though less common, issue that was not raised is the unexpected need for urgent surgery or repeat surgery for a …
Do morphology and stage explain the inferior lung cancer survival in Denmark?
Authors: HH Storm, PW Dickman, A Engeland, T Haldorsen, T Hakulinen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Danish lung cancer patients diagnosed during 1983-1987 experienced 5-yr relative survival rates 2-7% inferior to patients in the other Nordic countries, despite the similarity of cancer registration and healthcare systems in the Nordic countries. Is the inferior relative survival in Denmark due to differences in morphology or stage of lung cancers? The present study compared in detail the survival of 92,719 patients diagnosed with lung cancer during 1978-1992 in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. In particular, differences in morphology and extent of disease were studied. A poor survival rate for small cell anaplastic lung carcinoma compared with all other morphologies was confirmed. However, this could not explain the relative survival differences observed between countries. Extent of disease was the most important predictor of survival. Part of the observed survival differences could be explained by a less favourable stage distribution in Denmark, combined with a slightly lower relative survival rate for those with metastatic disease. Differences in treatment are unlikely to explain the findings, although delays in diagnosing and treating patients in Denmark compared with neighbouring countries could partially explain the lower patient survival in Denmark. In conclusion, the main factor in the lower survival rate in Denmark is unfavourable stage distribution.
Blockade of Angiotensin II type-1 receptor reduces oxidative stress in adipose tissue and ameliorates adipocytokine dysregulation
Authors: A. Kurata, H. Nishizawa, S. Kihara, N. Maeda, M. Sonoda, T. Okada, K. Ohashi, T. Hibuse, K. Fujita, A. Yasui, A. Hiuge, M. Kumada, H. Kuriyama, I. Shimomura, T. Funahashi
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
SMOKELESS POWDERS.THE NATURE AND EFFECTS OF THE DELETERIOUS GASES GIVEN OFF IN THEIR EXPLOSION.
Authors: MAJOR CHARLES F. KIEFFER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Ever since the introduction of the so-called smokeless powders, injurious effects have been observed from their use. In small quantities, the gases resulting from the explosion of powders of this class, cause varying degrees of disturbance in the cardiac and vasomotor apparatus. "Dynamite headache" has become a common phrase among those who work in the manufacture of the powders; among miners, who use them for blasting purposes, and among sportsmen, soldiers and rifle shots, who use them in firearms. In larger quantities, these gases have produced profound intoxications, and have caused numerous fatalities. Haldane<sup>1</sup>says: "In the gold mines in India and in the Transvaal, accidents involving the loss of as many as twenty men at a time have sometimes occurred in this way from dynamite catching fire underground, and serious injury to health may easily be caused by the fumes of imperfectly detonated high explosives where the ventilation is bad." Key<sup>2</sup>says:
804 EXPOSURE–RESPONSE ANALYSES OF ASUNAPREVIR IN COMBINATION WITH DACLATASVIR PEGINTERFERON/ RIBAVIRIN AMONG PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HCV INFECTION: DOSE SELECTION FOR PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: P. Chan, E. Tafoya, T. Eley, B. He, P. Mendez, D. Gardiner, E. Hughes, S. Schnittman, R.J. Bertz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A method for quantitating antifibrillatory effects of drugs after coronary reperfusion in dogs: improved outcome with bretylium.
Authors: T L Wenger, S Lederman, C F Starmer, T Brown, H C Strauss
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We developed a quantitative approach to assess the antifibrillatory effects of short-term interventions in a canine preparation of ventricular fibrillation caused by coronary reperfusion, and applied it to evaluate the antifibrillatory effects of bretylium tosylate. Twenty-five dogs were given 10 mg/kg infusions of bretylium over 10 min, subjected to a 20 min proximal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by sudden release, and compared with 25 animals given saline placebo. Drug infusion was begun 90 min before reperfusion to avoid evaluation of outcome during the phase of drug-induced catecholamine release and to allow adequate time for bretylium uptake in the myocardium. The relationship between the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion and the amount of myocardium perfused by the occluded vessel (myocardium at risk) was analyzed with the logistic risk-regression model. This model was developed to control for the effects of amount of myocardium at risk on outcome. For both the bretylium and the placebo groups the incidence of ventricular fibrillation correlated significantly with amount of myocardium at risk. However, animals treated with bretylium had an improved outcome for a given amount of myocardium at risk. In other words, the curve relating outcome to myocardium at risk was shifted significantly to the right. The amount of myocardium at risk required for half the placebo-treated animals to fibrillate was 20.3 g and that required for half the bretylium-treated animals to fibrillate was 27.9 g, or 37% more than that for the placebo group. This logistic risk-regression analysis format permits quantification of treatment effects while accounting for variability in amount of myocardium at risk.
Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of Paget's Disease of Bone: A Unique Clinical Entity
Authors: KATHERINE S. UPCHURCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare, but well-recognized complication of Paget's disease of bone. In contrast, giant cell reparative granuloma (a benign tumor of the jaws occurring primarily in young adults) has never been described in association with Paget's disease. Five patients had giant cell lesions complicating Paget's disease. In each instance, the lesion histologically more closely resembled reparative granuloma than true giant cell tumor. The location of these lesions and their sensitivity to irradiation were consistent with reparative granuloma. Unique features included the frequency of polyostotic distribution, the occurrence only in bones affected by Paget's disease, and an apparent familial or geographic clustering of the patients. We also reviewed the histologic findings of three patients from another institution and compared the cases of all eight patients with others we believe were incorrectly diagnosed as having benign giant cell tumors in Paget's disease. We suggest that giant cell reparative granuloma of Paget's disease is a unique clinical entity with specific prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Human chagasic IgGs bind to cardiac muscarinic receptors and impair L-type Ca currents
Authors: C HERNANDEZ, L BARCELLOS, L GIMENEZ, R CABARCAS, S GARCIA, R PEDROSA, J NASCIMENTO, E KURTENBACH, M MASUDA, A CAMPOSDECARVALHO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objectives: Antibodies against cardiac G protein-coupled receptors have been reported in sera from chronic chagasic patients (CChP) and other non-parasitic cardiomyopathies, but the effects and underlying mechanism of interaction between these antibodies and heart cells are not fully established. To address this point, binding of antibodies purified from sera of CChP patients and normal blood donors (NBD) to cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and their effect on L-type Ca2+ currents were examined. Methods and Results: Saturation [3H]NMS binding experiments with porcine atrial membranes showed that Bmax in the presence of CChP-immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreased from 280.2±16.08 fmol/mg (control) to 91.00±5.98 fmol/mg, with no apparent change in KD, while NBD-IgG did not significantly alter these parameters. At the single channel level, CChP-IgG decreased both the fast and slow mean open times and Po (from 0.074±0.023 to 0.025±0.007) without changes in single channel conductance. I/V plots of isoproterenol-stimulated whole-cell L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa) from rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes showed a significant reduction in peak ICa during perfusion with CChP-IgG (at 0 mV: from 10.61±2.97 to 8.45±2.54 pA/pF). NBD-IgGs had no effect on ICa. A CChP-IgG purified against a peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the M2 receptor also impaired L-type Ca2+ currents. All effects of CChP-IgG were blocked by atropine. Conclusions: Our results show that antibodies from CChP bind to mAChR in a non-competitive manner and are able to activate the receptor in an agonist-like form resulting in L-type Ca2+ current inhibition.
Multicenter Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Correction for Photon Attenuation and Scatter in SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Robert C. Hendel, Daniel S. Berman, S. James Cullom, William Follansbee, Gary V. Heller, Hosen Kiat, Mark W. Groch, John J. Mahmarian
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Soft tissue attenuation is a prominent cause of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging artifacts, which may result in reduced diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging. A method incorporating simultaneously acquired transmission data permits nonuniform attenuation correction and when incorporating scatter correction and resolution compensation may substantially reduce interpretive errors.A prospective multicenter trial was performed recruiting patients with angiographically documented coronary disease (n=96) and group of subjects with a low likelihood of disease (n=88). The uncorrected and attenuation/scatter corrected images were read independently, without knowledge of the patient's clinical data. The detection of >/=50% stenosis was similar using uncorrected perfusion data or with attenuation/scatter correction and resolution compensation (visual or visual plus quantitative analysis), 76% versus 75% versus 78%, respectively (P=NS). The normalcy rate, however, was significantly improved with this new methodology, using either the corrected images (86% vs 96%; P=0.011) or with the corrected data and quantitative analysis (86% vs 97%; P=0.007). The receiver operator characteristic curves were also found to be marginally but not significantly higher with attenuation/scatter correction than with tradition SPECT imaging. However, the ability to detect multivessel disease was reduced with attenuation/scatter correction. Regional differences were also noted, with reduced sensitivity but improved specificity for right coronary lesions using attenuation/scatter correction methodology.This multicenter trial demonstrates the initial clinical results of a new SPECT perfusion imaging modality incorporating attenuation and scatter correction in conjunction with 99mTc sestamibi perfusion imaging. Significant improvements in the normalcy rate were noted without a decline in overall sensitivity but with a reduction in detection of extensive coronary disease.
Electronic Thermometers and Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Steven Avalos Bock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 January 1993Electronic Thermometers and Nosocomial InfectionsSteven Avalos Bock, MDSteven Avalos Bock, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Livornese and colleagues [1] was not the first report of a nocosomial outbreak of a pathogen in which the electronic thermometer was implicated as the mode of transmission.In the February 1992 issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Brooks and colleagues implicated similar contamination of the distal portion of the electronic thermometers by Clostridium difficile in nosocomial colonization and disease [2].I was also disappointed that no recommendations for action were described. As an infection-control practitioner looking for new ways to reduce nosocomial infections, I was hoping to learn more.References1. Livornese L, Dias S, Samel C, Romanowski B, Taylor S, May P, et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:112-6. Google Scholar2. Brooks S, Veal R, Kramer M, Dore L, Schupf N, Adachi M. Reduction in the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an acute care hospital and a skilled nursing facility following replacement of electric thermometers with single-use disposables. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992; 13:98-103. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCopper-coated thermometer for the prevention of cross-infections: preliminary results 15 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 2Page: 156-157KeywordsClostridium difficileClostridium infectionsInfectious disease controlInfectious disease epidemiologyNosocomial infectionsPathogensThermometers Issue Published: 15 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidemiological features of new detected cases of hepatitis C and source of diagnosis in a French general population
Authors: Elisabeth Monnet, Sophie Le Calvez, Anne Minello, Valerie Jooste, Benedicte Obert-Clerc, Isabelle Beurton-Chataignier, Philippe Evrard, Jean-Philippe Miguet, Patrick Hillon, Solange Bresson-Hadni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Peter Debyeprize 1994 on Molecular Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases--Fundamental and Clinical Aspects Awarded to Drs Lydie Rappaport, Ketty Schwartz, and Bernard Swynghedauw from Unit 127 of INSERM, Paris, France. Committee of Deans, University of Limburg.
Authors: S Moncada, E Drenthe
Journal: Circulation (1994)
Abstract 5655: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane selectively induces proteasomal degradation of the class I histone deacetylases
Authors: Yongming Li, Xia Li, Bin Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This study aims to identify the molecular target of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), an anti-cancer agent that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. Previously, we have shown that DIM can enhance the efficacy of butyrate in colon cancer prevention in the APCmin/+ mouse model [Cancer Prevention Research, 2(6):581-9, 2009]. In our studies trying to identify the intracellular target of DIM, we found that DIM selectively induced proteasome-mediated degradation of the class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8) in colon cancer cells, without affecting other HDAC proteins (class II or class III HDACs). DIM-induced down-regulation of the class I HDACs was also observed in vivo in tumor xenografts in nude mice. The depletion of the HDACs by DIM caused a reduction of the HDAC activity on the promoters of CDKN1A/WAF1/CIP1 and CDKN1B/KIP1 genes (encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, respectively) and significantly increased the expression of p21 and p27, which arrested cells at the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The degradation of the HDACs also caused DNA damage and triggered apoptosis. Based on these data, we conclude that DIM acts by selectively targeting the class I HDACs to promote their degradation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5655.
Copper-Induced Tissue Factor Expression in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells and Its Inhibition by Antioxidants
Authors: David J. Crutchley, Benito G. Que
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Transition metals such as copper are known to initiate free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Recent reports suggest that intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates can induce the transcription of a number of important genes. The present study examines the effects of copper and iron on the ability of monocytic cells to synthesize and express tissue factor, the potent procoagulant factor. Methods and Results Exposure of human monocytic THP-1 cells to 5 to 10 μmol/L Cu 2+ led to cell damage and the expression of tissue factor activity to levels up to 70 times higher than control, as measured by a single-stage plasma coagulation assay. These effects were seen only in the presence of a lipophilic chelating agent, 8-hydroxyquinoline, suggesting that intracellular transport of Cu 2+ was required. The effects of Cu 2+ were mimicked by ceruloplasmin but not by Fe 3+ or hemin. The induction of tissue factor activity by Cu 2+ was slow in onset (6 hours) but sustained (24 hours) and was accompanied by increased tissue factor mRNA levels, measured by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction after annealing with oligomer primers. Increases in tissue factor protein, measured by a specific immunoassay, also occurred but were smaller than those in activity. Cu 2+ , therefore, appears to act at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. The effects of Cu 2+ were inhibited by a number of lipophilic antioxidants, including probucol, vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene, and a 21-aminosteroid, U74389G. Conclusions Exposure of monocytes to oxidizing conditions may lead to the expression of high levels of tissue factor activity, with accompanying risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation, and this may be inhibited by lipophilic antioxidants.
Does HIV disease progression influence epidermal Langerhans cell density?
Authors: R. NANDWANI, B.G. GAZZARD, S.E. BARTON, D. A. HAWKINS, V. ZEMELMAN, R.C.D. STAUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Langerhans cells (LC) are antigen-presenting CD4+ dendritic cells in the skin which may become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Decreased LC function could account for the cutaneous manifestations seen in HIV disease. Previous studies of epidermal LC density in HIV-infected subjects have produced conflicting results. A definitive, prospective, case-control study was performed to determine whether there is an association between epidermal LC density and HIV clinical disease stage. Skin cryosections were stained with the CD1 monoclonal antibody using a three-step immunoperoxidase method. LC were counted by light microscopy and epidermal dimensions calculated with computer-assisted planimetry. The stage of the HIV clinical disease correlated with epidermal LC densities was quantified by three different methods: mean LC numbers per mm length of basement membrane, mean LC per mm2 of epidermal area, and mean LC population per mm of epidermal surface length. Seventy-one subjects, recruited from a large out-patient HIV clinic in London, comprised 56 HIV-positive men and 15 male HIV-negative controls. Contrary to previous smaller studies, there was no detectable association between epidermal LC density (quantified by any of the three methods) and the stage of the HIV clinical disease. Given that HIV infects large numbers of CD4+ cells, we propose possible hypotheses to account for the apparent preservation of static LC numbers in the skin. Further studies of LC kinetics and function are required to elucidate their role in the natural history of HIV infection.
Association of Aggressive Behavior With Altered Serotonergic Function in Patients Who Are Not Suicidal
Authors: Barbara Stanley, Avraham Molcho, Michael Stanley, Ronald Winchel, Marc J. Gameroff, Bruce Parsons, J. John Mann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aggression and serotonergic dysfunction are related in the absence of a history of suicidal behavior. Although serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in aggressive and impulsive behavior, most studies of such behavior have included individuals with a history of suicide attempts. Low concentrations of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been consistently associated with suicidal behavior, presenting a potential confound in the link between aggression and serotonergic dysfunction.The authors examined the association between aggression and CSF 5-HIAA concentrations in a group of 64 patients who had different DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses and no past suicidal behavior. Aggressive (N=35) and nonaggressive (N=29) groups were defined by a median split on a six-item history of adulthood aggressive behavior.The aggressive group had significantly lower CSF 5-HIAA concentrations than the nonaggressive group. Aggressive individuals also scored significantly higher on self-report measures of hostility, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking. CSF 5-HIAA concentrations, however, did not correlate with self-reported hostility and impulsivity.There is an association between aggressive behavior and serotonergic dysfunction independent of suicidal behavior in patients with axis I disorders who exhibit relatively milder forms of aggressive behavior. Analogous to findings with suicidal behavior, a low concentration of CSF 5-HIAA is related to aggressive behavior but does not show the same relationship to the continuum of aggressive feelings and thoughts.
UGT2B7 promoter variant −840G&gt;A contributes to the variability in hepatic clearance of morphine in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Deepika S. Darbari, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Edmund V. Capparelli, Sohail Rana, Robert McCarter, John van den Anker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine if UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 allelic variants encoding for UGT2B7, primary enzyme responsible for morphine glucuronidation contribute to the variability in the hepatic clearance of morphine in sickle cell disease (SCD). Twenty‐four hour PK study of morphine and UGT2B7 variants genotyping was performed in 20 SCD patients in a steady state of health. Presence of the −840G allele (GG and GA) was associated with lower morphine metabolites/morphine AUC ratio compared with AA genotype (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 1.8 for M6G/M and 10.1 ± 2.7 vs. 15.7 ± 9.4 for M3G/M) ( P = 0.03). Presence of UGT2B7 −840G allele is associated with significantly reduced glucuronidation of morphine and thus contributes to the variability in hepatic clearance of morphine in SCD. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.