tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Ability of Foot Compensation to Added Weight Is Reduced in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Loukas Thiaspras, Symeon Tournis, Styliani Iraklianou, Andreas Melidonis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The foot, via its structure, has the ability to adapt to various conditions, such as increased body weight and walking on uneven terrain. It is also well known that diabetic foot ulcers occur at sites of high plantar pressures that result from an alternate foot structure due to diabetic neuropathy. The most common sites of ulceration occur under the metatarsal heads and the plantar aspect of the big toe.

The aim of this study was to observe the peak plantar pressures and contact times at the above anatomical sites under the effect of increased weight in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

We recruited two groups of type 2 diabetic patients. Group A ( n = 10) was composed of patients with diabetic neuropathy (vibration …
Animal and human antibodies to distinct Staphylococcus aureus antigens mutually neutralize opsonic killing and protection in mice
Authors: David Skurnik, Massimo Merighi, Martha Grout, Mihaela Gadjeva, Tomas Maira-Litran, Maria Ericsson, Donald A. Goldmann, Susan S. Huang, Rupak Datta, Jean C. Lee, Gerald B. Pier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

New prophylactic approaches are needed to control infection with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To develop these, greater understanding of protective immunity against S. aureus infection is needed. Human immunity to extracellular Gram-positive bacterial pathogens is primarily mediated by opsonic killing (OPK) via antibodies specific for surface polysaccharides. S. aureus expresses two such antigens, capsular polysaccharide (CP) and poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG). Here, we have shown that immunization-induced polyclonal animal antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for either CP or PNAG antigens have excellent in vitro OPK activity in human blood but that when mixed together they show potent interference in OPK activity. In addition, reductions in antibody binding to the bacterial surface, complement deposition, and passive protection were seen in two mouse models of S. aureus infection. Electron microscopy, isothermal calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance indicated that antibodies to CP and PNAG bound together via an apparent idiotype-anti-idiotype interaction. This interaction was also found in sera from humans with S. aureus bacteremia. These findings suggest that the lack of effective immunity to S. aureus infections in humans could be due, in part, to interference in OPK when antibodies to CP and PNAG antigens are both present. This information could be used to better design S. aureus vaccine components.
African countries are unlikely to reach target level of doctors for more than 30 years
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It will take more than 30 years for some African countries to reach their recommended numbers of doctors on the basis of current training levels, according to new research.

Even if attrition rates within their health organisations were limited to premature deaths and other involuntary losses, current workforce training means it would take 36 years for numbers of doctors, nurses, and midwives to reach the World Health Organization’s target of 2.28 professionals per 1000 population, according to a study based on 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa ( Bulletin of the World Health Organization ; doi:10.2471/BLT.08.051599). And some of the countries, say the authors, will never reach it.

“Our results suggest that the health workforce shortage in …
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants: clinical features and natural history.
Authors: B J Maron, A J Tajik, H D Ruttenberg, T P Graham, G F Atwood, B E Victorica, J T Lie, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The clinical and morphologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 20 patients recognized as having cardiac disease in the first year of life are described. Fourteen of these 20 infants were initially suspected of having heart disease solely because a heart murmur was identified. However, the infants showed a variety of clinical findings, including signs of marked congestive heart failure (in the presence of non-dilated ventricular cavities and normal or increased left ventricular contractility) and substantial cardiac enlargement on chest radiograph. Other findings were markedly different from those usually present in older children and adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (e.g., right ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG and cyanosis). Consequently, in 14 infants, the initial clinical diagnosis was congenital cardiac malformation other than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twelve of the 14 infants who underwent left-heart catheterization showed substantial obstruction to left ventricular outflow (peak systolic pressure gradient greater than or equal to 35 mm Hg). However, unlike older patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, infants with this condition commonly had marked obstruction to right ventricular outflow (35-106 mm Hg) (nine patients); in six patients, the magnitude of obstruction to right ventricular outflow was at least as great as that to left ventricular outflow. Asymmetric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum relative to the left ventricular free wall was present in the 16 patients who had echocardiographic or necropsy examination. Ventricular septal thickening was substantial in patients studied both before and after 6 months of age (mean 16 mm), indicating that in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, marked left ventricular hypertrophy may be present early in life and is probably congenital. The clinical course was variable in these patients, but the onset of marked congestive heart failure in the first year of life appeared to be an unfavorable prognostic sign; nine of the 11 infants with congestive heart failure died within the first year of life. In infants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, unlike older children and adults with this condition, sudden death was less common (two patients) than death due to progressive congestive heart failure.
70. Systemic Administration of siRNA Against EWS-FLI1 Using a Targeted, Non-Viral Formulation Inhibits Growth in a Disseminated Murine Model of Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Jeremy D. Heidel, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Derek W. Bartlett, Timothy J. Triche, Mark E. Davis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Despite aggressive therapy, 40% of patients with localized Ewing's family of tumors (EFT) and 80% of patients with detectable metastasis die due to tumor progression. More specific and effective treatments are needed, especially for high-risk cases. EWS-FLI1, the chimeric gene product of a chromosome translocation found in more than 90% of EFT, is crucial for maintaining EFT tumor growth. Endogenous expression of siRNA targeting the breakpoint of the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene (siEFBP) from a pol III promoter has previously been shown to reduce EWS-FLI1 transcript levels up to 80% and resulted in growth inhibition of the cultured EFT cell line TC135. Since EWS-FLI1 expression is tumor-specific, it serves as an excellent candidate for targeted therapy of EFT, especially metastatic disease.
Bedside to Gene and Back in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: William O.C. Cookson, Miriam F. Moffatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a syndrome of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause.1 The prevalence of this disorder, which is associated with a rate of death similar to that of lung cancer, is increasing.2 The only consistent clues to its cause have been that it occurs primarily in older adults, many of whom have been smokers.As has been the case for other mysterious illnesses, genetic studies have resulted in an improved understanding of this disorder. Mutations in genes encoding surfactant proteins C and A2 (SFTPC and SFTPA2, respectively), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and telomerase . . .
A new method for measurement of sinoatrial conduction time.
Authors: O S Narula, N Shantha, M Vasquez, W D Towne, J W Linhart
Journal: Circulation (1978)

This study describes a new method (NM) for estimation of sinoatrial conduction time (SACT), which utilizes constant atrial pacing (AP) instead of the premature atrial beats (PABs) used in the method reported in 1973 by Strauss et al. The SACTs were obtained by both methods in 20 patients. The SACT by the Strauss method (SM) was calculated as A2A3 minus A1A1. The NM consists of high right AP for a train of eight consecutive beats at rates less than or equal to 10 beats/min faster than the sinus rhythm. The interval between the last paced atrial electrogram (Ap) and the first escape atrial electrogram (A) of sinus origin (Ap-A) was measured along with several post pacing sinus cycles. The SACT by the NM was calculated as follows: SACT = Ap-A minus A1A1. The effect of AP at higher rates was also analyzed. In two patients, the SACT with the SM could not be defined, as all the A2A3 intervals were fully compensatory; with the NM the SACT was 217 and 320 msec. In the remaining 18 patients the SACT was obtainable by both methods. With SM, the SACT ranged 105--452 msec (mean 219 +/- 102 SD) and with the NM it was 85--492 msec (mean 201 +/- 112 SD), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0162). The coefficient of correlation between the two methods was r = 0.97. During AP at faster rates, a rate related increment in Ap-A intervals and also post pacing sinus cycles was noted. This study describes a new and simple method for measurement of SACT in man.
Tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for patients with symptomatic asthma: Lung function and safety
Authors: H.A.M. Kerstjens, E. Bleecker, E. Meltzer, T. Casale, E. Pizzichini, O. Schmidt, M. Engel, L.J. Bour, C.B. Verkleij, P.M. Moroni-Zentgraf, E.D. Bateman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Asthma is not controlled in some patients, despite using medium-dose ICS.   Methods:  Two identical Phase III, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo (pbo)-controlled, parallel-group trials (NCT01172808/821) assessed tiotropium (tio) efficacy/safety. Patients with symptomatic asthma and pre-bronchodilator FEV 1  60-90% predicted, using medium-dose ICS (400-800µg budesonide equivalent), were randomised to once-daily tio 5µg or 2.5µg (via Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler), salmeterol (sal, active comparator without inferential analysis) or pbo. Other LABAs were not permitted. Pre-specified co-primary end points included peak FEV 1(0-3h)  and trough FEV 1  response at 24 wks.   Results:  Baseline characteristics were similar between trials/treatment groups in 2103 randomised patients (2100 treated); mean post-bronchodilator FEV 1  88.8% predicted. Both tio doses showed significant improvements vs pbo: mean change from baseline in peak FEV 1(0-3h)  at 24 wks: 236 mL (tio 2.5µg)/198 mL (tio 5µg) greater than pbo in trial 1 (sal 213 mL); 211 mL (tio 2.5µg) or 169 mL (tio 5µg) greater in trial 2 (all p 1  trough response at 24 wks: 185 mL (tio 2.5µg)/152 mL (tio 5µg) greater in trial 1 (sal 123 mL); 176 mL (tio 2.5µg)/133 mL (tio 5µg) greater in trial 2 (all p   Conclusion:  In patients with symptomatic asthma and airflow limitation despite medium-dose ICS, addition of once-daily tiotropium provides sustained bronchodilation (efficacy comparable to sal) and is well tolerated.
Silicosis in a Chert-miner
Authors: C. W. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Silicogis in a Chert-minerThe following case seems to be worthy of record in that it is, so far as I am aware, the first case of silicosis occurring in a chert-miner to be definitely acknowledged by the Silicosis Board, and in fact the only undisputed case of silicosis due to chert yet reported-a recent case having proved negative on post-mortem findings although compensation was paid during life.Che,rt, or petrosilfx as it was formerly called, is a very hard rock or flint stone.It can be of various colours-blue, black, or white.In some cases chert is solid all the way through; in others it is in layers with the limestone, and is called roof chert.It is a compound of silica and limestone, and 80% is mined in Bakewell, Derbyshire.The proportion of silica varies in different specimens, being within the wide ranges of 30%.and 90%.Chert is used for grinding all pottery materials, and in glazing; it is ground into paste in the Potteries.Before this war it was constantly being exported.CASE HISTORY I first sent this man in Jan., 1934, to see Dr. P. Heffernan, who was unable to find any signs of tuberculosis in his chest.Although periodical radiographs have been taken regularly and the sputum has been examined for the tubercle bacillus the results have always been negative.The first, taken in 1934,
Release of mitogenic factors by cultured preadipocytes from massively obese human subjects.
Authors: D C Lau, D A Roncari, C H Hollenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

In this study, possible paracrine factors in adipose tissue from lean and obese subjects were sought. Conditioned media were prepared by incubation in alpha minimum essential medium of adipocyte precursors derived from lean and massively obese subjects. Adipocyte-precursor-derived conditioned media from the obese stimulated replication of cultured rat perirenal adipocyte precursors by about fourfold over control. The effect of media conditioned by precursors derived from lean subjects was much less evident. The mitogenicity of conditioned media was abolished by trypsin, indicating the protein nature of the mitogenic factor(s). Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of adipocyte-precursor-derived conditioned media from obese subjects revealed one major active fraction with molecular masses in the range of 25,000-40,000. Our results demonstrate that adipocyte precursors derived from massively obese subjects release factors mitogenic on cultured rat adipocyte precursors. These principles may act as paracrine factors contributing to the development of the adipocyte hyperplasia characteristic of massive obesity.
Mutated RAS and constitutively activated Akt delineate distinct oncogenic pathways, which independently contribute to multiple myeloma cell survival
Authors: Torsten Steinbrunn, Thorsten Stühmer, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Andreas Rosenwald, Anja Mottok, Christian Unzicker, Hermann Einsele, Manik Chatterjee, Ralf C. Bargou
Journal: Blood (2010)
IgE-binding peptides coupled to a commercial matrix as a diagnostic instrument for persistent cow's milk allergy
Authors: Kirsten Beyer, Kirsi-Marjut Jarvinen, Ludmilla Bardina, Michelle Mishoe, Kristiina Turjanmaa, Bodo Niggemann, Staffan Ahlstedt, Lennart Venemalm, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
CEREBELLAR TUMOR OR MASTURBATION?
Authors: RICHARD C. CABOT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

H. R., 15 years old, a native of New Brunswick, entered the Massachusetts General Hospital, Sept. 14, 1893. His family history showed a decided tubercular taint; two brothers had died of phthisis, one of meningitis, and one in infancy from unknown cause. Two members of his mother's family and three members of his father's also died of phthisis. His parents, five brothers and two sisters are living and well. Until the present illness, he had always been well and had had no children's diseases. A year and a half ago a weakness and awkwardness with the right hand were noticed; six months later, frontal headaches began to trouble him at school, and he seemed weak and nervous. He was taken out of school, but without relief to the headaches; cold and draughts seemed to increase the pain; the headaches now came on about once a week and lasted a day.
STAT1 contributes to dsRNA inhibition of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Rui Sun, Ogyi Park, Norio Horiguchi, Shailin Kulkarni, Won‐Il Jeong, Hao‐Yu Sun, Svetlana Radaeva, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Increasing evidence suggests that liver regeneration is suppressed in patients with chronic HCV infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, we demonstrated that injection of the synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) poly I:C to mimic viral infection suppresses liver regeneration in the partial hepatectomy (PHx) model, whereby IFN-gamma contributes to the inhibition. In this study, we examined the role of the IFN-gamma-activated downstream signal (STAT1) and genes (IRF-1, p21(cip1), and SOCS1) in liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation. Results show that disruption of the STAT1 gene abolished poly I:C suppression of liver regeneration and the inhibitory effect of poly I:C on liver regeneration was diminished in IRF-1(-/-) and p21(cip1-/-)mice. Treatment with IFN-gamma in vitro inhibited cell proliferation of wild-type mouse hepatocytes, but not STAT1(-/-) hepatocytes. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on cell proliferation was also diminished in IRF-1(-/-) and p21(cip1-/-) hepatocytes, but enhanced in SOCS1(-/-) hepatocytes. Hepatocyte proliferation was unaffected by treatment with poly I:C alone, but when hepatocytes were co-cultured with liver lymphocytes, proliferation was inhibited by IFN-gamma/STAT1-dependent mechanisms. Moreover, in HCV-infected livers with cirrhosis, activation of STAT1 was detected and correlated positively with liver injury (elevated serum levels of AST) but negatively with hepatocyte proliferation (hepatocyte PCNA and Ki-67 positive immunostaining). In conclusion, STAT1 is involved in dsRNA suppression of liver regeneration; not only does STAT1 activation contribute to liver injury, it may also block liver repair through inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation in HCV-infected patients, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of disease.
Malignant Entity of Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation and Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Initiated by Premature Extrasystoles Originating From the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Takashi Noda, Wataru Shimizu, Atsushi Taguchi, Takeshi Aiba, Kazuhiro Satomi, Kazuhiro Suyama, Takashi Kurita, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Red cell abnormalities associated with sulphasalazine maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R E Pounder, E R Craven, J S Henthorn, J M Bannatyne
Journal: Gut (1975)

Of 52 patients receiving a mean dose of 2.5g sulphasalazine/day as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis, 35 were found to have one or more drug-induced red cell abnormalities, which were not found in 50 normal controls or in 10 colitics not receiving sulphasalazine. Twenty-three of the treated patients had contracted red cells, an abnormality that is thought to result in mild haemolysis. Red cell contraction was related to the dose of sulphasalazine (P smaller than 0.01), the serum total sulphapyridine level (P smaller than 0.001), and acetylator status. Eleven of the treated patients had a macrocytosis, 21 had elevated levels of methaemoglobin, and one had Heinz bodies. A dose of 1.5 g sulphasalazine/day was not associated with red cell contraction, and is suggested as a safer maintenance dose for the asymptomatic colitic.
TREATMENT OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AND CHLORPROMAZINE
Authors: ANNE MAGUIRE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. Four patients with advanced mycosis fungoides presenting at the tumour stage were selected for treatment with the combination of cyclophosphamide and chlorpromazine. Cyclophosphamide was given alone initially and in 3 of the patients remissions occurred which lasted between 5 to 8 months. The fourth, Case 4, did not respond to cyclophosphamide alone. In all 4 patients when cyclophosphamide was given with chlorpromazine, longer remissions, lasting 3 to 18 months, occurred. It seems from this series that tumour growth is inhibited when chlorpromazine and cyclophosphamide are administered together, and that the combination of the 2 drugs produces longer remissions than cyclophosphamide alone.
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES
Authors: D. P. D. Wilkie
Journal: BMJ (1924)

been made on skin areas from which the horny layer has been riemoved by blistering.Tlley leave no doubt that " capillary l)ulsation " is contributed to by the venules, and that often the palrt played by the venules is no small one; especiallv in aleas where capillaries are relatively scanty, as in the cheek and forearm.I have seen no evidence that the arterio-vetnule anastomoses described in the deeper layers of the skin by Sucquet play any part in inducing clinical capillary pulsation.The evidence as it now stands seems to warrant us in concluding that in all instances of clinical capillary pulsation the capillaries are directly in- volved, and that the rhythmical change of colour, seen macroscopicallv, is due to pulsatile flow in the minute vessels of the skin, involving always the capillaries, aiid, perhaps, always involving through these the collecting venules and the venules of the subpapillary plexus.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 1.When the lhuman skin is soaked in water at tempera- tures of 450 to 470 C., the capillaries and venules on the one hiand, and the arterioles on the other, independently dilate.
Effect of phentolamine on myocardial function and noradrenaline levels in coronary blood plasma
Authors: W. C. NAYLER, V. CARSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

In anaesthetized dogs on right-sided cardiac bypass, perfused under conditions of constant flow, infusions of relatively small doses of phentolamine caused an increase in heart rate, in peak tension developed during contraction, in coronary blood flow, and in myo- cardial oxygen consumption. Cardiac 'efficiency' was reduced at doses of 50 (μg/kg/min - cardiac stores of high energy phosphates were diminished. These changes were accompanied by raised levels of noradrenaline in coronary venous blood.
<i>Parens Patriae</i>
Authors: C. C. Cawley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

MARK Twain, vacationing in the mountains near Vienna, one evening fell over a 75-foot cliff. He lay at the bottom, "an incoherent series of compound fractures," until he was by good luck "found by some peasants who had lost an ass." These carried him to the nearest farmhouse and summoned the only available aid, a lady from Boston, summering nearby, who was a "Christian Science doctor." She sent back word that there was nothing the matter with him, that his pains were a delusion, that she would now give him "absent treatment" and that she herself would come in the . . .