tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF DIET, IN PRIVATE PRACTICE.
Authors: A. L. BENEDICT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The science of cookery is an important branch of pharmacy, in the broad sense, the decision as to the quality of a food stuff, an important branch of pharmacognosy, and the management of the diet by the physician, a branch of therapeutics. The quantitative estimate of foods consumed, and a knowledge of their active, nutritive principles, is quite as necessary as a knowledge of drug dosage, with the proviso that the necessity for accuracy in the amounts prescribed is inverse to the powerfulness, that is, the toxicity of the substance administered. While in health a normal appetite or even habit may be a tolerably safe guide to the nature and amount of the food ingested, quantitative estimates become necessary in disease, especially as the disease influences or is influenced by metabolism, so that the avoidance of an excess or deficit or the purposive creation of an excess or deficit of
Prospective multicenter evaluation of colon capsule examination indicated by colonoscopy failure or anesthesia contraindication
Authors: M. Pioche, A. de Leusse, B. Filoche, P. Dalbiès, P. Adenis Lamarre, P. Jacob, J. Gaudin, P. Coulom, J. Letard, E. Borotto, A. Duriez, J.-M. Chabaud, D. Crampon, R. Gincul, P. Levy, E. ben-Soussan, M. Garret, J. Lapuelle, J. Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> In France, in about 5 % of cases colonoscopies are incomplete or temporarily contraindicated. We tested the diagnostic yield of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) in these patients. <b>Patients and methods:</b> In a prospective study, in 17 French centers, inclusion criteria were colonoscopy failure or general disease that excluded colonoscopy with anesthesia. Patients underwent CCE using the first-generation PillCam Colon capsule. The main end point was CCE diagnostic yield, defined as identification of a colorectal lesion that directly explained symptoms or necessitated a diagnostic or therapeutic examination. A secondary objective was to test a simplified MoviPrep colon cleansing. Follow-up to identify missed symptomatic cancer was scheduled. <b>Results:</b> CCE showed positive findings in 36 patients (diagnostic yield 33.6 %), among whom 23 subsequently underwent therapeutic intervention. Among 64 patients with negative capsule findings, 9 had a complementary procedure showing adenomas in only 1 case. CCE was incomplete in 7/107 patients. Colonoscopy was done in one patient to retrieve a capsule retained in the left colon, and sigmoidoscopy in 11 because the rectum was not reached. No colorectal cancer was diagnosed during the follow-up period. Colon cleansing with MoviPrep was rated good or excellent in 75.9 % of cases. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study shows the feasibility and the usefulness of CCE in the situation of colonoscopy failure or contraindication. The colon capsule modality should be tested against other available approaches, such as virtual colonoscopy or repeat colonoscopy by an expert.
Liver cell dysplasia(LCD)in cirrhosis is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A prospective study
Authors: M. Borzio, S. Bruno, G. Colloredo, M. Roncaili, F. Borzio, G. Ramella, G. Leandro, R. Calcaterra, M. Podda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Randomised controlled trial of magnetic bracelets for relieving pain in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee
Authors: Tim Harlow, Colin Greaves, Adrian White, Liz Brown, Anna Hart, Edzard Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of commercially available magnetic bracelets for pain control in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. <b>Design</b> Randomised, placebo controlled trial with three parallel groups. <b>Setting</b> Five rural general practices. <b>Participants</b> 194 men and women aged 45-80 years with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. <b>Intervention</b> Wearing a standard strength static bipolar magnetic bracelet, a weak magnetic bracelet, or a non-magnetic (dummy) bracelet for 12 weeks. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis lower limb pain scale (WOMAC A) after 12 weeks, with the primary comparison between the standard and dummy groups. Secondary outcomes included changes in WOMAC B and C scales and a visual analogue scale for pain. <b>Results</b> Mean pain scores were reduced more in the standard magnet group than in the dummy group (mean difference 1.3 points, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 2.55). Self reported blinding status did not affect the results. The scores for secondary outcome measures were consistent with the WOMAC A scores. <b>Conclusion</b> Pain from osteoarthritis of the hip and knee decreases when wearing magnetic bracelets. It is uncertain whether this response is due to specific or non-specific (placebo) effects.
Nifedipine and beta-blockade as a cause of cardiac failure.
Authors: C Anastassiades
Journal: BMJ (1982)

lised in the liver.Subjects with a low capacity for paracetamol detoxication have been described.3In such subjects larger quantities of the drug would reach the kidneys and could exert toxicity there by the formation of arylating metabolites.Perhaps this occurred in the two patients described above.Nevertheless, the paracetamol ingestion may have played no part in the pathogenesis of the renal failure of these patients.The symptoms which led the patients to take analgesics may have been due to some other process, which also caused tubular necrosis; and the paracetamol intake could have been coincidental.If a careful drug history were taken from all patients with cryptogenic renal failure addi- tional subjects might be found in whom para- cetamol appears to be nephrotoxic with little or no hepatotoxicity.
Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis: Brief review of response to radiation therapy
Authors: Christopher M. Lee, Karen L. Salzman, Deborah T. Blumenthal, David K. Gaffney
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Intracranial deposits of extramedullary hematopoiesis are extremely rare, and limited experience with the treatment of these lesions has been reported. Our review of the literature provides further insights regarding the clinical, radiological, and pathological behavior of these lesions and examines the available treatment strategies. Radiation therapy has proven to be an effective modality for treatment of this rare radiosensitive disease.
Journal calls for new system to monitor post-marketing drug safety
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The editors of JAMA have called for a “major restructuring” of the way that US drug regulators respond to concerns over the safety of drugs after they go on the market.

The call comes after a group of doctors uncovered delays in issuing warnings about the cholesterol lowering drug cerivastatin despite the fact that the manufacturer, Bayer, had evidence of its adverse effects for more than 18 months.

The doctors' review study and the accompanying article by the editors of JAMA have been published online ahead of the print publication because of their relevance to the current debate over drug safety (http://jama.ama-assn.org/). The JAMA e ditors …
Familial Occurrence of Testicular Torsion
Authors: Raymond F. Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Torsion of the spermatic cord presents a classical clinical picture with which most physicians are familiar. Frequently, however, a correct diagnosis of acute torsion is not made, and testicular infarction ensues, owing to delay on the part of both patient and physician. Numerous cases have been recorded with many interesting variations. Torsion has been described as developing in the fetus, in the undescended testicle of the adolescent, and in apparently normal males of any age group. It may be unilateral or bilateral. There may be preceding stress or trauma or no demonstrable precipitating factor.<sup>1</sup> Anatomic abnormalities predisposing to torsion have been mentioned by a number of authors; Lowsley and Kirwin<sup>2</sup>have collected a list of 10 different structural disorders favoring its development. The evident relationship of the condition to anatomic abnormalities might suggest the possibility of familial predisposition; however, until this report no such instance has been recorded
One in 20 East German doctors spied on patients or colleagues
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

About 5% of doctors in the former East Germany spied on their colleagues or patients as unofficial members of the East German secret police (the Staatssicherheit or Stasi), a new report has shown.

The study, by the Hannah Arendt Institute for Research on Totalitarianism, Dresden, and commissioned by the German Medical Association and the German medical journal Deutsches Arzteblatt , showed that the percentage of unofficial members of the Stasi among doctors was higher than in the East German population as a whole.

“Doctors were one of the main targets of the Stasi …
Deletion-based mechanisms of Notch1 activation in T-ALL: key roles for RAG recombinase and a conserved internal translational start site in Notch1
Authors: Todd D. Ashworth, Warren S. Pear, Mark Y. Chiang, Stephen C. Blacklow, Jérôme Mastio, Lanwei Xu, Michelle Kelliher, Philippe Kastner, Susan Chan, Jon C. Aster
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANIC DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO RIGGS' DISEASE
Authors: JOSEPH COLLINS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The occurrence of purulent disease of the alveolar processes is so common and so wide-spread that it has come to be regarded, unfortunately, only as disagreeable and esthetically offensive, but not dangerous and capable of causing serious disease. I have had experience which convinces me that Riggs' disease may be the source from which serious organic diseases of the nervous system flow; although I can offer no other proof of the truth of this statement than the occurrence of such disease in persons afflicted with alveolar pyorrhea, the absence of other etiology and the amelioration or disappearance of the disorder after the pyorrhea has been treated locally and constitutionally by means of autogenous vaccine, I am constrained nevertheless to present a few of these observations for consideration. From a large number of cases in which I believe Riggs' disease played the chief rôle in the causation of the nervous trouble,
Relapse of BCR-ABL1-like ALL mediated by the ABL1 kinase domain mutation T315I following initial response to dasatinib treatment
Authors: D T Yeung, D J Moulton, S L Heatley, E Nievergall, P Dang, J Braley, S Branford, S Moore, C G Mullighan, T P Hughes, D L White
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Polymicrobial Polyarticular Septic Arthritis
Authors: Brent G. Petty, David T. Sowa, Patricia Charache
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A bacteriology technologist was found to have acute polyarticular arthritis after a brief prodromal illness. Gram's stain of fluid from the right knee showed pleomorphic gram-negative organisms, while that of fluid from the right elbow and left wrist showed gram-negative cocci and diplococci. Culture of fluid from the right knee yielded Salmonella enteritidis. Cultures of fluid from all other joints, collected after starting therapy, were negative. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of fluid from the right elbow confirmed Neisseria meningitidis, group C. This organism was also isolated from the patient's throat. This case represents concurrent infection of separate joints by two bacterial pathogens, one confirmed by culture and one by current immunodiagnostic techniques.
Endoscopic resection of a large pedunculated duodenal polyp using a grasping type scissors forceps
Authors: K. Akahoshi, K. Honda, M. Kubokawa, Y. Motomura, N. Matsui, S. Endo, N. Higuchi, K. Taki, M. Oya, H. Akahane, H. Akiba
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A large pedunculated polyp was incidentally discovered during screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a 72-year-old woman. The polyp, located in the second portion of the duodenum, had a long stalk and a large head. Its removal was considered to be technically demanding because the head of the polyp occluded the lumen of the duodenum, making it difficult to maneuver the snare over the polyp. The stalk part of the polyp, however, was fully visible, and we tried endoscopic resection using a newly developed grasping type scissors forceps (GSF) (XDP2618DT; Fujinon) ([Fig. 1] and [2]) [1], after obtaining written informed consent from the patient.
Website aims to distance doctors from drug firms
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I f there is one thing for which 2004 will be remembered, it will surely be for exposing the cosy dynamics that have existed between the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory authorities, and the medical profession. But if the latest exploits of the US Food and Drug Administration ( BMJ 2004;329: 1253) and drug giants GlaxoSmithKline and Merck have left a nasty taste in your mouth, absolution is just a short URL away at the new UK website of the campaigning …
A tissue kallikrein in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B.M Selwyn, C.D Figueroa, E Fink, A Swan, P.A Dieppe, K.D Bhoola
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Tissue kallikrein is an enzyme that forms the vasoactive peptide kallidin from an endogenous substrate L-kininogen. Tissue kallikrein has been identified in joint fluids and in inflammatory infiltrates within synovial membranes. It is suggested that tissue kallikrein and kinins have an important role in synovitis and joint damage. Immunoreactive tissue kallikrein and amidase activity were both measured in the synovial fluid of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 12 with osteoarthritis (OA). Active enzyme concentrations were higher in RA than in OA and correlated well with the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase. Both total immunoreactive tissue kallikrein and the proenzyme values were similar in RA and OA. Tissue kallikrein was localised by immunocytochemistry to the polymorphonuclear leucocytes present in the synovial fluid and membranes of patients with RA.
Inhalation Tests of Bronchial Hypersensitivity in Pollen Asthma
Authors: K. M. Citron, A. W. Frankland, J. D. Sinclair
Journal: Thorax (1958)

Possible allergic causes of asthma are frequently investigated by determining the sensitivity of the skin to various extracts of potentially allergenic substances, but the results of skin tests may correlate poorly with other clinical indications of specific allergies. Bronchial sensitivity cannot always be inferred from skin sensitivity. Determination of the response of the bronchi to allergens introduced directly into the respiratory tract seems to be a more direct method of testing for allergic causes of asthma, since it tests the hypersensitivity of the bronchial tree which is responsible for the symptoms in asthma and simulates the usual mode of entry of the allergen as it occurs in asthma. Inhalations of allergens were found by Colldahl (1952) to produce wheezing, evident to the subject or to observers, in some asthmatics, and by Herschfus, Rubitsky, Beakey, Bresnick, Levinson, and Segal (1951), Schiller and Lowell (1952) and Herxheimer (1952) to produce changes in the spirogram. The object of this investigation was to try out inhalation tests of bronchial hypersensitivity and to determine whether they give results which are reliable, consistent, and specific. For this purpose we selected patients in whom asthma was strictly seasonal and clinically appeared to be due only to grass pollen. We gave them inhalations of grass pollen extract and assessed the bronchial response by spirometry, and studied the effect upon this response of pollen hyposensitization treatment.
1159-190 Role of the 807 C/T polymorphism of glycoprotein Ia/IIa on platelet function following clopidogrel loading dose in patients undergoing coronary stenting
Authors: Dominick J Angiolillo, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Esther Bernardo, Celia Ramirez, Elisabetta Trabetti, Chiara Stranieri, Manel Sabate, Fernando Alfonso, Peerfranco Pignatti, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pheochromocytoma with Acute Tubular Necrosis
Authors: A. Alden Carpenter, Arthur S. Kunin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH several cases of pheochromocytoma with uremia have been described the association of pheochromocytoma and renal tubular necrosis is rare, a review of the literature revealing only 3 cases with this complication.1 The purpose of this report is to document another and to discuss the patho-physiologic events that might underlie the production of this renal lesion.Case ReportA 52-year-old woman was well until 3 years before final hospital admission, when she began to experience attacks of vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. These symptoms were unrelated to meals, exertion, or position. A typical attack started with blanching of . . .
Transformation by Oncogenic Mutants and Ligand-Dependent Activation of FLT3 Wild-type Requires the Tyrosine Residues 589 and 591
Authors: Sridhar Vempati, Carola Reindl, Ulla Wolf, Ruth Kern, Konstantin Petropoulos, Vegi M. Naidu, Christian Buske, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Tobias M. Kohl, Karsten Spiekermann
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are found in up to 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia patients and are associated with an inferior prognosis. In this study, we characterized critical tyrosine residues responsible for the transforming potential of active FLT3-receptor mutants and ligand-dependent activation of FLT3-WT.We performed a detailed structure-function analysis of putative autophosphorylation tyrosine residues in the FLT3-D835Y tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutant. All tyrosine residues in the juxtamembrane domain (Y566, Y572, Y589, Y591, Y597, and Y599), interkinase domain (Y726 and Y768), and COOH-terminal domain (Y955 and Y969) of the FLT3-D835Y construct were successively mutated to phenylalanine and the transforming activity of these mutants was analyzed in interleukin-3-dependent Ba/F3 cells. Tyrosine residues critical for the transforming potential of FLT3-D835Y were also analyzed in FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutants (FLT3-ITD)and the FLT3 wild-type (FLT3-WT) receptor.The substitution of the tyrosine residues by phenylalanine in the juxtamembrane, interkinase, and COOH-terminal domains resulted in a complete loss of the transforming potential of FLT3-D835Y-expressing cells which can be attributed to a significant reduction of signal tranducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation at the molecular level. Reintroduction of single tyrosine residues revealed the critical role of Y589 and Y591 in reconstituting interleukin-3-independent growth of FLT3-TKD-expressing cells. Combined mutation of Y589 and Y591 to phenylalanine also abrogated ligand-dependent proliferation of FLT3-WT and the transforming potential of FLT3-ITD-with a subsequent abrogation of STAT5 phosphorylation.We identified two tyrosine residues, Y589 and Y591, in the juxtamembrane domain that are critical for the ligand-dependent activation of FLT3-WT and the transforming potential of oncogenic FLT3 mutants.
Renal Failure and Contrast Media
Authors: I. K. Fry, W. R. Cattell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

and a diuretic.Some of these results have already been reported.2In the group taking clonidine and a diuretic, our results are in substantial agreement with those of Dr. Amery and colleagues, the major side effects being dryness of mouth and drowsiness.However in patients taking clonidine, methyldopa, and a diuretic, we achieved good control (standing systolic S 150 mm Hg) in 44 out of 54 patients, while the incidence of side effects was reduced because lower doses were necessary when compared to the group taking clonidine with a diuretic.These resultsindicate that the triple drug regimen allows good control of blood pres- sure with a minimum of side effects and its use would appear to be of some benefit especially in the irritable, nervous, hypertensive patient requiring some sedation.-Weare, etc.,
Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</i>is the latest addition to the expanding number of pediatric infectious disease tomes, to which it inevitably will be compared. Like the "gold standard" in the field, Feigin and Cherry's<i>Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</i>, it is meant to be comprehensive. Unlike Feigin and Cherry, it is not encyclopedic, although it tends to greater comprehensiveness than the most recent entrant in this domain, Jenson and Baltimore's<i>Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Principles and Practice</i>. All the infectious disease texts are multiedited and multiauthored, a reflection of the breadth and depth of the subspecialty. Similarly, all have both general and specific etiologic agent sections. What are the distinguishing features of<i>Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</i>, apart from its newness (a position soon and predictably to be relinquished to the fourth edition of Feigin and Cherry)? The first of the text's four major parts contains
New horizons for studying human hepatotropic infections
Authors: Ype P. de Jong, Charles M. Rice, Alexander Ploss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The liver serves as a target organ for several important pathogens, including hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) and the human malaria parasites, all of which represent serious global health problems. Because these pathogens are restricted to human hepatocytes, research in small animals has been compromised by the frailty of the current mouse xenotransplantation models. In this issue of the JCI, Bissig et al. demonstrate robust HBV and HCV infection in a novel xenotransplantation model in which large numbers of immunodeficient mice with liver injury were engrafted with significant quantities of human hepatocytes. This technical advance paves the way for more widespread use of human liver chimeric mice and forms the basis for creating increasingly complex humanized mouse models that could prove useful for studying immunopathogenesis and vaccine development against hepatotropic pathogens.
A mouse model of myosin binding protein C human familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: Q Yang, A Sanbe, H Osinska, T E Hewett, R Klevitsky, J Robbins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, including the cardiac isoform of myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C), and multiple mutations which cause truncated forms of the protein to be made are linked to the disease. We have created transgenic mice in which varying amounts of a mutated MyBP-C, lacking the myosin and titin binding domains, are expressed in the heart. The transgenically encoded, truncated protein is stable but is not incorporated efficiently into the sarcomere. The transgenic muscle fibers showed a leftward shift in the pCa2+-force curve and, importantly, their power output was reduced. Additionally, expression of the mutant protein leads to decreased levels of endogenous MyBP-C, resulting in a striking pattern of sarcomere disorganization and dysgenesis.