tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reproductive History, Glucose Tolerance, and NIDDM in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study
Authors: Beth W Alderman, Julie A Marshall, Edward J Boyko, Kathleen A Markham, Judith Baxter, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether childbearing would decrease oral glucosestimulated insulin and C-peptide levels and increase the risk of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in a population of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women residing in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Several investigators have related childbearing to subsequent abnormal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a population-based case-control epidemiological study, diabetic patients 20–74 yr of age (n = 196) and randomly sampled control women subjects (n = 735) underwent a glucose tolerance test, a physical examination, and an in-person standardized interview. The relations between the live-birth number and fasting and oral glucose stimulated glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance were estimated using linear or logistic regression to adjust for extraneous variables. RESULTS In women selected as control subjects, the live-birth number was related to a significant decrease in the sum of 1- and 2-h C-peptide concentrations (coefficient = −0.077, P &amp;lt;0.001) and the logarithm of the sum of 1- and 2-h insulin concentrations (coefficient = −0.014, P = 0.02). After adjustment for subscapular skin-fold thickness, the relative odds of NIDDM for the live-birth number, which was small and of borderline significance, diminished (odds ratio = 1.04 for one birth, P = 0.18). Findings were similar for impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Childbearing was related to lower C-peptide and insulin levels in Hispanic and non-Hispanic women of the San Luis Valley. It had little apparent effect on later risk of NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance.
Discrepancy remains in pharmaceutical prescriptions in four European countries
Authors: S. Garattini, L. Garattini
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Several years ago we reported the drugs that had been most widely sold by value in four countries in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) in 1992.1 We report here the drug sales in the same countries in 1996.

We firstly established how many of the 50 products that were most widely sold in the four countries did not have appropriate documentation of efficacy. In France, Germany, and Italy …
Primary herpes simplex infection with genital and extra-genital lesions mimicking disseminated gonococcal disease
Authors: L. Maroñas-Jiménez, D. Menis, A.M. Delgado-Márquez, C. Zarco-Olivo, F.J. Ortiz de Frutos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Genital herpes (GH) remains one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and its prevalence is currently rising in the female population of developed countries.1 However, a majority of physicians consider primary GH as an unusual entity in daily practice.2 Clinically atypical or misleading presentations may be an important cause of this underdiagnosis.2 3 We present a 27 year‐old immunocompetent woman who was admitted to the emergency department with a 4‐day history of fever, abdominal pain, polyarthralgia and mild pharyngitis, along with the progressive appearance of painful cutaneous lesions on her wrists, thighs and ankles for the previous 48 h. The symptoms began during menses and 5 days after unprotected sex with a casual partner. The patient complained about dyspareunia and slight vaginal bleeding after intercourse during the previous year, but there was no history of previous GH or other STIs. No drug use or medication intake were reported and her medical history was otherwise irrelevant.
188 SPLIT LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: 10 YEARS EXPERIENCE AT A HIGH VOLUME CENTER
Authors: V. Corno, D. Pinelli, M.C. Dezza, A. Lucianetti, M. Guizzetti, M. Zambelli, E. Bonanomi, M. Marchesi, M. Candusso, P. Stroppa, M.G. Lucà, S. Fagiuoli, D. Codazzi, G. Torre, M. Colledan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Enhancement of urate solubility by connective tissue. II. Inhibition of sodium urate crystallisation by cation exchange.
Authors: E Perricone, K D Brandt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

The urate concentration of the supernatant was greater after supersaturated solutions of sodium urate were incubated in a suspension of CM-Sephadex C-25 than in one of Sephadex G-25. The supernatant urate concentration was greater when the CM-Sephadex had been equilibrated with potassium than with sodium. The results are analogous with those obtained in studies of urate solubility in proteoglycan solutions. They are consistent with the Donnan effect and the hypothesis that the glycosaminoglycans within the proteoglycan molecule function as cation exchangers which, when charged with potassium, exchange with the sodium of the urate molecule, leading to formation of highly soluble potassium urate.
STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES
Authors: Jerome T. Syverton, William F. Scherer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Poliomyelitis virus was propagated in vitro successfully in extraneural tissues. Suspended tissue fragment cultures and combined plasma clot-suspended tissue fragment cultures of monkey or human testicular tissues were employed. Five strains representative of poliomyelitis virus were maintained for from 36 to 263 days in the suspended tissue fragment type of culture. The dilution factors calculated by tissue replacements for the eight serial passages ranged from 10(7.8) to 10(44.5) and when assessed by fluid replacements, from 10(15) to 10(95.3). The LD(50) for each strain of Type 2 virus was determined for selected transfers. The identify of each strain of virus was established by neutralization tests and histopathological findings in monkeys dead from the injection of tissue culture virus. Control experiments and other tests made known that propagation of poliomyelitis virus did not occur in the absence of viable testicular cells and that an extraneous virus was not inadvertently acquired during the course of these studies.
Effect of Isocapnic Hypoxia on Variational Activity of Breathing
Authors: AMAL JUBRAN, MARTIN J. TOBIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In the presence of either hypocapnia or sleep, hypoxia has been shown to induce periodic breathing and increase the total variational activity of breath components. It is not known whether hypoxia induces alterations in breathing variability during wakefulness and in the absence of hypocapnia. To address this issue, we studied nonobtrusively 14 healthy awake subjects before and during the delivery of a hypoxic gas mixture via a plastic hood; the subjects' oxygen saturation decreased from 98 to 79% and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension was kept constant. Compared with air, isocapnic hypoxia increased the gross variability of minute ventilation (V˙ i), tidal volume (Vt), inspiratory time (Ti), and expiratory time (Te) (all p < 0.004). Isocapnic hypoxia decreased the autocorrelation coefficient at a lag of one breath for Te (p < 0.008) and V˙ i (p = 0.07), the number of consecutive breath lags having significant autocorrelation coefficients for Te (p = 0.03), and the cycle time of oscillations in V˙ i (p = 0.03). When partitioned, the increase in total variational activity during isocapnic hypoxia was found to result from increases in the random fractions of V˙ i, Vt, Ti, and Te (all p < 0.05), and the oscillatory fractions of V˙ i, Vt, and Te (all p < 0.03). In conclusion, hypoxia induced hidden oscillations in V˙ i, Vt, and Te despite wakefulness and an isocapnic state, suggesting that neural responses may have a more important role in the genesis of hypoxia-induced oscillations than previously reported.
Performance related pay doesn't improve quality of primary care, US study finds
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Performance related pay for doctors in primary care does not result in better quality of care for patients, a large Massachusetts study has concluded. Reward schemes in commercial health plans in the United States may be too low to make a difference to physicians’ performance, the researchers said.

The study, which involved about 5000 primary care doctors and nearly four million patients, found that the performance of most doctors improved on all measures of clinical quality whether or not they had incentives ( Health Affairs 2008;27:1167-76).

Performance related pay (called “pay for performance” (P4P) in the US) has been widely introduced as a way …
Analysis of 96 Abnormal Brain Scans Using Technetium 99m (Pertechnetate Form)
Authors: James L. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Technetium 99m, in the pertechnetate form, was evaluated as an agent for brain scanning.<sup>99m</sup>Tc has a physical half-life of six hours and no particulate radiation emission; large doses (10 to 15 mc) were administered without excessive patient irradiation. The scanning speed was increased and a single view of the brain recorded in five minutes. Because pertechnetate is cleared slowly from the blood, the normal intracranial vascular structures, not seen with chlormerodrin Hg 197 and chlormerodrin Hg 203, are depicted on the scan. In our study of 625 patients, 54 of 65 patients with proved intracranial neoplasia had positive results from brain scans. Forty-one patients with a variety of nonneoplastic intracranial diseases had positive scans.<sup>99m</sup>Tc, in the pertechnetate form, was found to be as nonspecific as chlormerodrin Hg 197 and chlormerodrin Hg 203 in outlining intracranial disease.
High-Resolution Imaging of Bone Precursor Cells Within the Intact Bone Marrow Cavity of Living Mice
Authors: Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk, Terence P.F. Gade, Ian M. Buchanan, Mikhail Doubrovin, Ludmilla Ageyeva, Joseph R. Bertino, Adele L. Boskey, Ronald G. Blasberg, Jason A. Koutcher, Debabrata Banerjee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Bone precursor cells (BPCs) play a critical role in bone maintenance and regeneration. Currently, no tool exists to study BPCs or other bone marrow cell types directly within their complex microenvironment. Here, we describe in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of anatomical structures inside the medullary cavity of the mouse femur. We demonstrate that BPCs passively labeled with iron oxide-containing particles can be monitored by MRI within the intact bone marrow at an in-plane resolution of 43x25 microm. Anatomical detail provided by MRI is complemented by functional optical imaging of reporter gene expression. Single-cell dual iron oxide-reporter gene labeling has potential for combined cell tracking and cell biology studies. In summary, we describe a versatile platform suitable for studying the biology of many bone marrow cell types in living bone.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SKIN-GRAFTING OPERTION FOR CANCER OF THE BREAST
Authors: WILLIAM STEWART HALSTED
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It has been my custom every year or two to request our patients operated on for mammary cancer and living in or near Baltimore to come on certain mornings to the surgical clinic of the Johns Hopkins University in order that we may observe the ultimate result, particularly with reference to the function of the arm. For about sixteen years our practice has been to cover the fresh defect, made as small as feasible in various ways, with large Thiersch grafts. The available skin was tucked high into the armpit in order to cover the axillary vessels, to obliterate the dead space under the clavicle, and to elevate to the highest possible point the axillary fornix. The tip of the axillary flap was usually cut away. Notwithstanding this precaution a little necrosis of the badly nourished flap was not infrequently observed, and as a consequence there occurred an occasional but
STUDIES OF PPLO INFECTION
Authors: Lewis Thomas, Fernando Aleu, Mark W. Bitensky, Morton Davidson, Bertram Gesner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Rolling disease has been produced and studied in rats and mice, using the exotoxin of the A strain of Mycoplasma neurolyticum. The primary lesion of the brain consists of spongiform degeneration, associated with vesicle formation in the cortex and underlying white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, and in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. The brains of animals surviving 2 days or longer show extensive necrotizing lesions resembling ischemic necrosis, in both cerebral hemispheres. The brains of rats and mice with rolling disease become deeply stained by intraperitoneally injected trypan blue, indicating early disruption of the blood brain barrier. The toxin appears to be a thermolabile protein with a molecular weight exceeding 200,000. It is only active when injected by vein, and causes no disease when injected intracerebrally, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, suggesting the existence of specific receptors within the vascular bed of the central nervous system. Protection is afforded by rabbit antibody against the toxin, but only when antibody is injected within less than 3 min after intravenous injection of toxin, indicating rapid fixation to receptors in the brain. The toxin is inactivated by incubation for 10 min at 37°C with suspensions of the sedimentable component of normal brain. The inactivating factor in brain sediment is very thermostable, not affected by trypsin, and eliminated by treatment with periodate. Similar inactivation of toxin is demonstrable with water-soluble gangliosides of brain. A theoretical concept to explain the action of the toxin is proposed.
Recovery of Prostaglandins in Human Cutaneous Inflammation
Authors: M. W. Greaves, J. Sondergaard, W. McDonald-Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

An in-vivo skin perfusion technique has been used to study the pharmacological activity in inflamed skin of patients with allergic contact eczema. Perfusates from 35 out of 45 patients contained a smooth-muscle-contracting agent with prostaglandin-like properties. Solvent partition followed by thinlayer chromatography revealed this activity to be due to a mixture of prostaglandins E and F. This direct evidence supports the view that prostaglandins mediate inflammation in man.
Human parvovirus infection in early rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis.
Authors: B J Cohen, M M Buckley, J P Clewley, V E Jones, A H Puttick, R K Jacoby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Evidence of recent infection with human parvovirus B19 (HPV) was found in two patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in four patients with acute inflammatory arthritis (IA). Both of the patients with RA but only one of the four patients with IA carried RA associated haplotypes. No evidence of persistent infection with HPV was found, but evidence of past infection with HPV was significantly more common in patients with RA than in controls. The results confirm the arthritogenic potential of HPV and are consistent with the hypothesis that rheumatoid arthritis may develop in a genetically predisposed patient after an arthritogenic insult such as an HPV infection.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Regulation of its expression by pressure overload and developmental stage.
Authors: I Komuro, M Kurabayashi, Y Shibazaki, F Takaku, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To investigate the regulation of expression of cardiac Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), we isolated cDNA (pHA6) encoding a Ca2+-ATPase of rat cardiac SR. The clone consisted of 2,311 mRNA-derived nucleotides, which covered half the coding region and the entire 3'-untranslated regions. The nucleotides and deduced amino acid sequences of pHA6 showed striking homology, 89 and 98%, respectively, to those of rabbit Ca2+-ATPase of the slow-twitch form. Northern blot analyses revealed that the mRNA levels of Ca2+-ATPase were decreased by pressure overload and became 32% of sham in 1 mo. During the developmental stage the mRNA levels were very low in the fetal period and steeply increased around birth. These changes in mRNA levels were correlated with the corresponding protein levels. These results suggest that the expression of cardiac Ca2+-ATPase in SR is regulated by pressure overload and the developmental stage, at least in part, at the pretranslational level.
US hospital physicians are overusing antibiotics, CDC report finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Physicians practicing in US hospitals are often overusing and misusing antibiotics, according to this month’s “Vital Signs” report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).1

Inappropriate use of antibiotics exposes patients to adverse effects and promotes the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, said CDC director Tom Frieden in a telephone press conference.

“The bottom line is that we have to protect patients by protecting antibiotics. The drugs we have today are endangered. And any new drugs we get could be lost just as quickly if we don’t improve the way we prescribe and use them,” Frieden said.

The CDC uses the monthly “Vital Signs” report, published on the first Tuesday of every month, to highlight issues the agency considers of critical public …
Maintenance and Polarization of Human TH2 Central Memory T Cells by Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Activated Dendritic Cells
Authors: Yui-Hsi Wang, Tomoki Ito, Yi-Hong Wang, Bernhard Homey, Norihiko Watanabe, Rachel Martin, Christopher J. Barnes, Bradley W. McIntyre, Michel Gilliet, Rakesh Kumar, Zhengbin Yao, Yong-Jun Liu
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Recruitment to a prospective breast conservation trial: why are so few patients randomised?
Authors: W J Jack, U Chetty, A Rodger
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the rate of recruitment to early breast cancer trials and elucidate the reasons for ineligibility and refusal to participate among patients otherwise suitable for these trials. DESIGN--Prospective study of one year9s cohort of patients referred to a breast unit with special reference to the subgroup suitable for conservation management and to the proportion eligible for and (after informed consent) ultimately randomised within the Scottish early breast cancer trials. SETTING--The breast unit, Longmore Hospital, Edinburgh, during 1988. PATIENTS--All 3054 patients referred to the breast unit during the year. 324 Found to have invasive breast cancer and 147 initially thought suitable for conservation management. RESULTS--63 Patients were treated by mastectomy, 19 of whom requested mastectomy rather than conservation management. 84 Patients were excluded from trials, and of the 63 eligible patients, 40 gave informed consent. Most of the 23 patients who refused the trials requested a specific adjuvant treatment after discussion of their management and the trials. CONCLUSIONS--Recruitment to prospective trials in which informed consent is required before randomisation may be slower than predicted because of a high proportion of exclusions and also refusal by patients. Trials may therefore take longer to complete and give distorted results by virtue of the unpredictable nature of the selection of patients.
SPONTANEOUS FISTULAS IN LYMPHOGRANULOMATOSIS
Authors: EUGENE F. TRAUT
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In differentiating the causes of enlarged cervical glands, the occurrence of fistulas is usually taken as evidence of tuberculosis. The fistulas in lymph gland tuberculosis are the result of caseous areas attaching to and perforating the skin. Caseation is common in tissues invaded by lymphogranuloma (Hodgkin's disease). This form of necrosis occurs oftenest in the densely matted glands of the late stages. Lymphogranuloma characteristically respects anatomic boundaries. In advanced cases, however, it infiltrates the gland capsule and invades adjacent structures. According to Naegeli,<sup>1</sup>the skin over the lymphogranulomatous glands remains absolutely intact. In his experience, infiltration of the skin, adhesion of the affected glands to the skin, or fistulas have never occurred, except as sequelae to injections. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> J. W., a white man, aged 57, a section hand, entered the service of Dr. E. K. Kerr at the Cook County Hospital, May 21, 1926, with the diagnosis
Cerebral Hypoxic Injury Detected by Tc-HMPAO SPECT
Authors: ALBERT LEE, ISMAEL G. MENA, BRUCE MILLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Single photon emission computed tomography of the brain with Tc–99m labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime was used to evaluate a patient who suffered hypoxic cerebral injury. Hypoperfusion in the right parieto–occipital and left occipital regions was demonstrated on the SPECT images, while both the cranial CT and EEG failed to document the findings.
Medicare Matters: What Geriatric Medicine Can Teach American Health Care
Authors: Lisa B. Caruso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 September 2006Medicare Matters: What Geriatric Medicine Can Teach American Health CareLisa B. Caruso, MD, MPHLisa B. Caruso, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Cassel CK. 269 pages. Berkeley, CA: Univ California Pr; 2005. $27.50. ISBN 0520246241. Order at www.ucpress.edu.Fields of medicine: Geriatrics and health policy.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Anyone interested in better and more cost-effective care for current and potential Medicare recipients, “especially … the baby boom generation.”Purpose: “To accurately characterize Medicare as it exists today, affirm why it matters now more than ever, and suggest some definite ways we might improve it.”Content: The author begins and ends her book by describing the “social contract[s]” from which Medicare was born: Health care should be there when we need it, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 September 2006Volume 145, Issue 6Page: 476KeywordsElderlyGeriatric careGeriatricsHealth careHealth care qualityHealth information technologyMedicarePalliative careSoftware toolsVision ePublished: 19 September 2006 Issue Published: 19 September 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...