tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of 1762T 1764A mutations in the basic core promoter of hepatitis B virus isolated from black africans with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Marina Baptista, Anna Kramvis, Michael C. Kew
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in the basic core promoter and enhancer II region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that might cause the HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-negative phenotype and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in black African carriers of the virus. The basic core promoter/enhancer II overlaps with the X gene. HBV DNA from serum of 47 asymptomatic carriers and 50 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and from 28 tumor and 10 nontumor liver tissues was amplified and sequenced directly. That part of the enhancer II region not overlapping the basic core promoter was completely conserved in all samples. Missense mutations at nucleotides 1809 and 1812 in the basic core promoter were found in 80% of all sequences and may represent wild-type sequence in Southern African isolates. Nucleotide and amino acid divergences were higher in the basic core promoter of hepatocellular carcinoma patients when compared with asymptomatic carriers (P <.0001). This applied particularly to the paired 1762 adenine to thymine (1762(T)) and 1764 guanine to adenine (1764(A)) missense mutations, the prevalence of which was 66% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with 11% in asymptomatic carriers (P <.0001). There was no association between the presence of 1762(T) 1764(A) and HBeAg negativity, although these mutations suppressed HBeAg titers in HBeAg-positive patients. Suppression of HBeAg expression as well as alteration of the amino acid sequence of the X protein may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Management of Upper Abdominal Cancer Pain
Authors: L. Donald Bridenbaugh, Daniel C. Moore, Donald D. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Forty-one patients who had intractable pain from nonresectable or recurrent cancer of the stomach, pancreas, liver, or gallbladder received celiac plexus blocks in which 50 cc of 50% alcohol solution was used. This simple procedure proved effective in controlling the pain without any serious complications in 40 patients and was ineffective in one. With pain eliminated or significantly relieved, the majority of these patients led normal lives until they died.
Promoting dental health among high risk groups
Authors: T. Wingfield
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Robertson and colleagues’ review of severe acute dental infections rightly mentions the disparities in access to dental healthcare “disproportionately affecting the poor.”1

Poverty is associated with increased oral cancers and infections. Poorer people are more likely to smoke, have higher dietary sugar intake, and delay attending dental services because of previously having had to pay. All of these factors …
Alan Milburn returns to UK health department
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After 10 months as chief secretary to the Treasury, Alan Milburn has returned to the Department of Health as secretary of state. He was minister of state in the first year of the Labour government, when his responsibilities included primary care and general medical services.

At the time, the Daily Telegraph commented, “his reassured manner and eye for detail should mark him out as a star of the government.”

Mr Milburn, aged 41, read history at Lancaster University, and before he became MP for Darlington in 1992, …
The cost of helical CT lung cancer screening is high
Authors: M Wood
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Mahadevia PJ, Fleisher LA, Frick KD, et al . Lung cancer screening with helical computed tomography in older adult smokers: a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis. JAMA2003;289:313–22 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In this study a computer simulated model of a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 60 year old current, quitting, and former smokers was used to assess the cost effectiveness of helical CT lung cancer screening. Using the best available data on outcomes associated with lung cancer screening, the costs of diagnosis, treatment … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DMahadevia%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D289%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D313%26rft.epage%253D322%26rft.atitle%253DLung%2BCancer%2BScreening%2BWith%2BHelical%2BComputed%2BTomography%2Bin%2BOlder%2BAdult%2BSmokers%253A%2BA%2BDecision%2Band%2BCost-effectiveness%2BAnalysis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.289.3.313%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12525232%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.289.3.313&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12525232&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F4%2F298.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000180345100026&link_type=ISI
I Was Once
Authors: None Cynthia
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REGIONAL CEREBRAL OXYGEN SATURATION: A NOVEL INDEX FOR PROMPT CLINICAL OUTCOME PREDICTION BEFORE STARTING EXTRACORPOREAL CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN OUT OF HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST PATIENTS
Authors: Noritoshi Ito, Shinsuke Nanto, Ken Nagao, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Kei Nishiyama, Yasuji Doi, Yuma Kurozumi, Daisuke Tonomura, Hirotaka Sawano, Daisaku Masuda, Shizuya Yamashita, Noriaki Yamada, Ken-ichiro Okada, Tomoaki Natsukawa, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Tatsuro Kai, Toru Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Atlas of Neuropathology
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Atlases are valuable adjuncts for teaching and reference in neuropathology since it would take a lifetime to accumulate and study good examples of all the lesions in that field. Such atlases supplement, but do not supplant, textbooks, because they are not concerned with etiology and pathogenesis. They cannot illustrate every stage or variation in disease without becoming unwieldy. The first edition of Malamud's atlas (1957) has merited its enthusiastic reception. It consisted of full-page plates illustrating gross and light-microscopic changes in a wide range of neuropathologic conditions. Each plate was faced by a page bearing a short, clear description of the condition illustrated opposite, often with an informative case history, and key references. The standards of selection of material and printing were very high, the two factors that more than any others determine the quality of an atlas. The second edition has the same arrangement. Many gross and light microscopic
Trapidil (triazolopyrimidine), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, reduces restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Results of the randomized, double-blind STARC study. Studio Trapidil versus Aspirin nella Restenosi Coronarica.
Authors: A Maresta, M Balducelli, L Cantini, A Casari, R Chioin, M Fabbri, A Fontanelli, P A Monici Preti, S Repetto, S De Servi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Trapidil is an antiplatelet drug with specific platelet-derived growth factor antagonism and antiproliferative effects in the rat and rabbit models after balloon angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS The Studio Trapidil versus Aspirin nella Restenosi Coronarica (STARC) is a multicentric, randomized, double-blind trial to assess the effects of trapidil in angiographic restenosis prevention after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Patients received either trapidil 100 mg TID or aspirin at the same dosage at least 3 days before angioplasty and for 6 months thereafter. Coronary angiograms before PTCA, after PTCA, and at 6-month follow-up were quantitatively analyzed with manual calipers. Of the initial 384 patients recruited, 254 were evaluable for restenosis analysis (128 trapidil, 126 aspirin). Restenosis, defined as a loss of initial percent gain after PTCA of at least 50% (primary end point), occurred in 24.2% of the trapidil group and 39.7% of the aspirin group (P &lt; .01). A similar result was obtained when restenosis per vessel was considered (trapidil, 23.3%; aspirin, 36.9%; P = .018). Clinical events at follow-up were similar in the two groups except that recurrent angina was significantly more frequent in the aspirin group, 43.7% versus 25.8% in the trapidil group (P &lt; .01). Trapidil was well tolerated: only 6 patients had to discontinue the drug because of side effects, which was not different from the aspirin group. CONCLUSIONS Trapidil reduces restenosis after PTCA at the dosage of 100 mg TID and favorably influences the clinical outcome thereafter.
Competition Policy and the Medical Profession
Authors: L. Barry Costilo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Lewis Goldfarb, a young government lawyer living in Reston, Virginia, needed a title search for his new home and discovered that all the lawyers in the county quoted the same fee. In checking with the local bar association, he learned that these figures just happened to coincide with the fee schedule promulgated by the bar association. He brought an antitrust suit, which was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court; in a ground-breaking decision in 1975, the court sustained his price-fixing complaint and held that the legal profession was subject to the Sherman Act.1 Up to that time it was widely . . .
BMA calls for national launch of 111 urgent care hotline to be halted
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The launch of the government’s new 111 urgent care hotline across England must be delayed until the system is “fully safe for the public,” the BMA has warned, amid growing reports that the service is in chaos ahead of the planned rollout next week.

The BMA’s General Practitioners Committee has reported widespread problems with the new non-emergency telephone line—which has already been “soft launched” in parts of England—including inappropriate delays in treatment, slow response times to calls, and ambulances being called unnecessarily.

The reports have prompted the committee to write to David Nicholson,1 chief executive of NHS England (formerly the NHS Commissioning Board), to urge that the rollout be delayed until concerns about patient safety have been fully dealt with. …
Search for Neuro-Endocrine Markers (Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and VGF) in Breast Cancers. An integrated Approach Using Immunohistochemistry and Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Laura Annaratone, Enzo Medico, Nelson Rangel, Isabella Castellano, Caterina Marchiò, Anna Sapino, Gianni Bussolati
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)

Discordant data are reported in the literature on the definition, incidence and clinical features of neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas of the breast. This tumour entity is currently assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) detecting "general" NE markers such as chromogranin A (CHGA) and synaptophysin (SYP), but other markers have been considered as well. In the present study, in addition to CHGA and SYP, we investigated the expression of VGF, a neurotrophin-inducible gene, which is emerging as a new specific NE marker. In order to evaluate the differential expression of these neuro-endocrine markers in breast cancers, we conducted parallel immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses, using PCR, gene array and real-time quantitative PCR procedures. Data obtained in 28 cases were further validated with a meta-analysis of published datasets of 103 breast cancer cases. The value of IHC positivity (irrespective of the percentage of positive cells) was confirmed by over-expression of the related gene. However, the genetic approach emerged as more sensitive, showing over-expression of NE markers in a subset of IHC-negative carcinomas. In conclusion, the present study confirms, by a novel approach, the occurrence of NE differentiation in breast cancers. Over-expression of one or more NE marker (CHGA and/or SYP and/or VGF) characterizes a significant fraction (approximately 10 %) of infiltrative breast cancers.
Tracking microbial populations effective in reducing exposure.
Authors: J M Tiedje, S M Thiem, A Massol-Deyá, J O Ka, M R Fries
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Microbial ecology provides the link between basic biochemical and molecular studies on toxicity reduction by microbial metabolism and environmental studies that determine exposure. This link provides the ability to determine which microorganisms are responsible for the actual transformations in nature, thereby establishing how predictive the laboratory pathway, kinetic, regulatory, and enzyme mechanistic information is for nature. This information can be important to the rate of toxicant removal, the type and concentration of intermediate product(s), and the identification of conditions that limit effective toxicant removal. Nucleic acid-based methods now provide the main means to track important biodegrading populations. Examples of these methods are given that illustrate tracking a biodegrading microbe injected into an aquifer, following community succession in a toluene-degrading fluidized bed reactor, aiding the isolation from nature of novel biodegrading organisms, and rapidly characterizing the extent of microbial diversity in an aquifer stimulated to co-metabolize trichloroethene.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Sensitize Prostate Cancer Cells to Agents that Produce DNA Double-Strand Breaks by Targeting Ku70 Acetylation
Authors: Chang-Shi Chen, Yu-Chieh Wang, Hsiao-Ching Yang, Po-Hsien Huang, Samuel K. Kulp, Chih-Cheng Yang, Yen-Shen Lu, Shigemi Matsuyama, Ching-Yu Chen, Ching-Shih Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract This study reports a histone deacetylation-independent mechanism whereby histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents by targeting Ku70 acetylation. Ku70 represents a crucial component of the nonhomologous end joining repair machinery for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Our data indicate that pretreatment of prostate cancer cells with HDAC inhibitors (trichostatin A, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, MS-275, and OSU-HDAC42) led to increased Ku70 acetylation accompanied by reduced DNA-binding affinity without disrupting the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer formation. As evidenced by increased Ser139-phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), impaired Ku70 function diminished cellular capability to repair DNA DSBs induced by bleomycin, doxorubicin, and etoposide, thereby enhancing their cell-killing effect. This sensitizing effect was most prominent when cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents sequentially. Mimicking acetylation was done by replacing K282, K317, K331, K338, K539, or K542 with glutamine via site-directed mutagenesis, which combined with computer docking analysis was used to analyze the role of these lysine residues in the interactions of Ku70 with DNA broken ends. Mutagenesis of K282, K338, K539, or K542 suppressed the activity of Ku70 to bind DNA, whereas mutagenesis of K317 or K331 with glutamine had no significant effect. Moreover, overexpression of K282Q or K338Q rendered DU-145 cells more susceptible to the effect of DNA-damaging agents on γH2AX formation and cell killing. Overall, the ability of HDAC inhibitors to regulate cellular ability to repair DNA damage by targeting Ku70 acetylation underlies the viability of their combination with DNA-damaging agents as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5318–27]
Profile of Specific Antibodies to the SARS-Associated Coronavirus
Authors: Gang Li, Xuejuan Chen, Anlong Xu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: A novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–associated coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as the causal agent of SARS.1–3 To understand the humoral immunity to this virus, we studied the profile of IgM and IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV. IgM and IgG antibodies were analyzed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 20 patients with SARS from week 1 of their illness to week 12 and in 103 healthy contacts. All 20 patients tested negative for IgM and IgG at week 1 after the onset of symptoms. Of these patients, 16 tested positive for . . .
HIV-1 Infection in Patients With Penetrating Trauma in San Antonio, Tex
Authors: Malcolm D. Orr
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Patients in the emergency department at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Md, who had penetrating trauma demonstrated a 19% incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in 1986. 1 To assess the level of HIV-1 infection in this population at Medical Center Hospital in San Antonio, Tex, blood samples collected over a 1-year period from 146 patients with penetrating trauma were analyzed for HIV-1 infection by both antibody and antigen testing (Abbott Diagnostics, North Chicago, Ill). In marked contrast to the Baltimore experience, the San Antonio population had a 0% incidence of HIV-1 infection.  The risk, therefore, posed by this group of patients to health care workers in San Antonio is much less than that reported from Baltimore. Many differences exist in the ethnic composition of the two populations. Overall, the cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Antonio and Baltimore is
Bispectral Index Monitoring of Conscious Sedation With the Combination of Meperidine and Midazolam During Endoscopy
Authors: Mohammed A. Qadeer, John J. Vargo, Sandeep Patel, John A. Dumot, A. Rocio Lopez, Patricia A. Trolli, Darwin L. Conwell, Tyler Stevens, Gregory Zuccaro
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Chromatin Remodeling in Cardiovascular Development and Physiology
Authors: Pei Han, Calvin T. Hang, Jin Yang, Ching-Pin Chang
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Chromatin regulation provides an important means for controlling cardiac gene expression under different physiological and pathological conditions. Processes that direct the development of normal embryonic hearts and pathology of stressed adult hearts may share general mechanisms that govern cardiac gene expression by chromatin-regulating factors. These common mechanisms may provide a framework for us to investigate the interactions among diverse chromatin remodelers/modifiers and various transcription factors in the fine regulation of gene expression, essential for all aspects of cardiovascular biology. Aberrant cardiac gene expression, triggered by a variety of pathological insults, can cause heart diseases in both animals and humans. The severity of cardiomyopathy and heart failure correlates strongly with abnormal cardiac gene expression. Therefore, controlling cardiac gene expression presents a promising approach to the treatment of human cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the roles of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes in the control of gene expression during cardiovascular development and disease.
Different biochemical correlates for different neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Sara Montagnese, Anna Biancardi, Sami Schiff, Paolo Carraro, Vincenzo Carlà, Guido Mannaioni, Flavio Moroni, Natascia Tono, Paolo Angeli, Angelo Gatta, Piero Amodio
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) relies on clinical, neurophysiological, psychometric and laboratory variables. The relationships between such tests remain debated. The aim of this study was to determine the laboratory correlates/prognostic value of neurophysiological/psychometric abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis. Seventy-two patients and 14 healthy volunteers underwent EEG and paper-and-pencil psychometry (PHES). Blood was obtained for C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, ammonia and indole/oxindole. Patients were followed prospectively for a median of 22 months in relation to the occurrence of death, transplantation and HE-related hospitalizations. Thirty-three patients had normal PHES and EEG, 6 had abnormal PHES, 18 abnormal EEG and 13 abnormal PHES and EEG. Patients with abnormal PHES had higher CRP (17 ± 22 vs 7 ± 6, P < 0.01), IL6 (32 ± 54 vs 12 ± 13, P < 0.05) and TNFα (17 ± 8 vs 11 ± 7, P < 0.001) levels than those with normal PHES. Patients with abnormal EEG had higher indole (430 ± 270 vs 258 ± 255, P < 0.01) and ammonia (66 ± 35 vs 45 ± 27, P < 0.05) levels than those with normal EEG. Psychometric test scores showed significant correlations with CRP, TNFα and IL6; EEG indices with ammonia and IL6. CRP and TNFα concentrations were independent predictors of abnormal PHES, ammonia and indole of abnormal EEG on multivariate analysis. Seven patients were lost to follow-up; of the remaining 65, 20 died and 14 underwent transplantation; 15 developed HE requiring hospitalization. PHES and EEG performance were independent predictors of HE and death (P < 0.05).PHES and EEG abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis have partially different biochemical correlates and independently predict outcome.
Overweight and Mortality among Baby Boomers — Now We're Getting Personal
Authors: Tim Byers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

I am a baby boomer, and my body-mass index (BMI) is 27.3. I am also an epidemiologist, so for both personal and professional reasons, I have closely followed the sometimes divergent conclusions about the health risks associated with growing older and being a little overweight. As reported in this issue of the Journal, trials involving more than half a million Americans (Adams et al., pages 763–778) and more than a million Koreans (Jee et al., pages 779–787) are the latest in a series of cohort studies published in recent years on the risks associated with excess adiposity. Now that studies . . .
Thrombocytopenia associated with ranitidine.
Authors: R T Spychal, N W Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1985)

underlines the importance of considering inflammatory bowel disease.We thank the many doctors who referred these patients to us and the other physicians at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases for allowing us to abstract case records of patients admitted under their care.1 Cook GC.Tropicalgastroenterology.