tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NHS launches legal action against makers of Gaviscon
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The NHS in England has launched a High Court action against Reckitt Benckiser, maker of the heartburn remedy Gaviscon.

Health secretary Andrew Lansley has been joined in the civil claim by all 10 strategic health authorities and 144 primary care trusts in England.

The action was issued on 15 February in the High Court’s chancery division in London but neither the company nor the Department of Health would confirm that it concerns Gaviscon. A spokeswoman for the department said: “It’s ongoing court proceedings so we can’t comment.”

The claim …
Correlation between Clinical Features, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings in Retinoblastoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bhavna Chawla, Sanjay Sharma, Seema Sen, Rajvardhan Azad, Mandeep S. Bajaj, Seema Kashyap, Neelam Pushker, Supriyo Ghose
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Paediatrics among ethnic minorities. Afro-Caribbean and African families.
Authors: J Black
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Etude de familles immigrees en Grande-Bretagne, venant des Caraibes mais d'origine ethnique Africaine, ou venant d'Afrique. Les enfants peuvent etre atteints d'anemie a cellules falciformes, de carence en glucose-6-phosphate deshydrogenase, de troubles d'origine psychique, de maladies acquises diverses (parasitoses, troubles endocrinologiques ou gynecologiques)
Long-Term Experience in Wallstent Therapy for Malignant Choledochal Stenosis
Authors: N. Hoepffner, E. C. Foerster, B. Högemann, W. Domschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

During a four-year period up to May 1993, 118 patients (mean age 69 years) with malignant bile duct stenoses were treated with a total of 127 selfexpanding 10-mm metal endoprostheses (Wallstent), most of them endoscopically (n = 102). Technical problems during and shortly after implantation occurred in five cases (4.2 %), but could all be solved endoscopically. Serum bilirubin decreased from a mean of 8.0 mg/dl at presentation to a mean of 2.0 mg/dl after stenting. Nineteen patients died within the first three months (5 % within the first 30 days); recurrent obstruction, as manifested by recurrent jaundice or cholangitis, or both, was encountered in 14 %. Fifty-one patients who survived longer were followed up until death or for a minimum of 12 months (mean follow-up: 12 months). Stent patency rates in this group were 86 % (six months), 72 % (12 months) and 64 % (18 months), survival for these time periods being 63 %, 35 % and 17 %, respectively. No significant stent-related complications were noted; stent occlusion occurred in 12 % of patients after a mean of 168 days, and was successfully managed endoscopically (thermal cleaning, implantation of further stents) in all cases. We conclude from our longterm follow-up data that patients surviving longer than three months are the ones most likely to benefit from Wallstent insertion for malignant jaundice.
Intramyocellular Lipid Is Not Significantly Increased in Healthy Young Insulin Resistant First-Degree Relatives of Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Adamandia D. Kriketos, Gareth S. Denyer, Campbell H. Thompson, Lesley V. Campbell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Insulin resistance is an early phenotypic feature of nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects (FDR) (1,2). While intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is a marker of insulin resistance (3), how it develops is not completely understood. To study early defects accompanying insulin resistance, we characterized a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes (4,5). We studied young, healthy, sedentary, nonsmoking (age <45 years, BMI <36 kg/m2), normolipidemic, and normal glucose tolerant subjects. At-risk FDR subjects (14 female and 5 male) were compared with control subjects without family history of diabetes (12 female and 10 male).

To test the lipid supply hypothesis, we extended previous investigations in …
P06.15 * LONG TERM QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AFTER MENINGIOMA SURGERY
Authors: M. Timmer, M. Seibl-Leven, K. Wittenstein, R. Goldbrunner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Surgery is usually the standard treatment for intracranial meningiomas in patients of all ages. The incidence of meningiomas increases progressively with age. Considering the fact, that the median age for the diagnosis of meningiomas is 65 years, general health condition, morbidity and mortality rates as well as the postoperative outcome regarding quality of life should carefully be noted in advance. It remains still a controversial topic, if meningioma resection should be performed in higher ages under weighing up the risks and benefits of the intervention. There have actually been only few studies which have investigated the health related quality of life in the postoperative course. The results of these studies are yet controversial and there is a need for further investigations regarding the postoperative health related long term quality of life. Furthermore to this point of time there have been no studies that compare the impairments of the HRQOL after meningioma resection in different age groups. METHODS: We analyzed the health related quality of life of 133 elderly patients ranging from 55 to 84 years who underwent surgical meningioma resection between 2004 and 2010. 50 of them were male and 83 female (3M: 5F). The median age was 67.3 ± 7.4 years. The average time between surgery and interview was 3.8 ± 2.5 years. Six different age groups each compromising 5 years of age were established. Patients were interviewed with the SF36 questionnaire and compared to general population. RESULTS: We found significant lower levels of physical function, vitality, social role function, mental health, general health perception and significant higher levels of pain when comparing the older groups (especially from 75 to 79 years) with younger patients from 55 to 59 years of age. The physical component summary showed a steadily and stepwise decline of levels from younger patients to older patients even with significant differences. CONCLUSION: In total, former studies have shown that meningioma surgery in elderly patients can be performed under higher but acceptable morbidity and mortality rates compared to younger patients. However, our findings suggest that meningioma resection affects long term quality of life especially in higher ages and should be a substantial part of the surgery decision making process in advance.
Reduction in Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Intensive Diabetes Treatment in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Suzanne Strowig, Susan Cercone, Philip Raskin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We measured plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels at baseline and at 6-mo intervals in 47 normolipidemic patients with classic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated either with a conventional (n = 21) or intensive (n = 26) diabetes-treatment program. Patients were followed for a mean of 3 yr (range 1–4 yr). Intensive diabetes treatment resulted in a significant improvement in glycemic control that caused sustained changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels that were not evident with the conventional- treatment program. These changes, which persisted for periods averaging 3 yr, can potentially reduce predicted risk for the development of premature atherosclerosis. Thus, long-term near normoglycemia may have a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Like our toothbrushes? Then try our 3D ultrasound
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

M ultislice computed tomographic scanners and 3D ultrasounds are not usually the type of electronic products that you would expect to see sitting neatly alongside electric toothbrushes, razors, DVDs, and flatscreen televisions in your average high street store. But they have been coupled together as part of a new €80m (£55.5m; $100m) advertising campaign (broadcast, print, online, and billboard) to bring one company's “message” to customers around the world. The advertisements, for products from Philips Medical Systems, are running in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and China.

The advertising package, which in the United Kingdom has been aired on the terrestrial Channel Four and the free-to-view digital channel ITV2, starts by promoting a toothbrush or another everyday consumer appliance made by Philips. Different adverts for seemingly unrelated items follow and then, within the same break, an advert for Philips Medical Systems appears. One of these features a pregnant woman undergoing an ultrasound with a 3D machine. Rather than a grainy picture of something difficult to interpret, the audience sees a colour graphic of a perfectly formed fetus. Another shows a person receiving a …
Mantle cell lymphoma displays a homogenous methylation profile: A comparative analysis with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Anna Margrét Halldórsdóttir, Meena Kanduri, Millaray Marincevic, Larry Mansouri, Anders Isaksson, Hanna Göransson, Tomas Axelsson, Prasoon Agarwal, Helena Jernberg‐Wiklund, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Birgitta Sander, Hans Ehrencrona, Richard Rosenquist
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are mature CD5 + B‐cell malignancies with different biological/clinical characteristics. We recently reported an association between different prognostic subgroups of CLL (i.e., IGHV mutated and unmutated) and genomic methylation pattern. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and prognostic markers, such as the proliferation gene expression signature, has not been investigated in MCL. We applied high‐resolution methylation microarrays (27,578 CpG sites) to assess the global DNA methylation profiles in 20 MCL (10 each with high/low proliferation signature) and 30 CLL (15 poor‐prognostic IGHV unmutated subset #1 and 15 good‐prognostic IGHV mutated subset #4) samples. Notably, MCL and each CLL subset displayed distinct genomic methylation profiles. After unsupervised hierarchical clustering, 17/20 MCL cases formed a cluster separate from CLL, while CLL subsets #1 and #4 formed subclusters. Surprisingly, few differentially methylated genes ( n = 6) were identified between high vs. low proliferation MCL. In contrast, distinct methylation profiles were demonstrated for MCL and CLL. Importantly, certain functional classes of genes were preferentially methylated in either disease. For instance, developmental genes, in particular homeobox transcription factor genes (e.g., HLXB9, HOXA13 ), were more highly methylated in MCL, whereas apoptosis‐related genes were enriched among targets methylated in CLL (e.g., CYFIP2, NR4A1 ). Results were validated using pyrosequencing, RQ‐PCR and reexpression of specific genes. In summary, the methylation profile of MCL was homogeneous and no correlation with the proliferation signature was observed. Compared to CLL, however, marked differences were discovered such as the preferential methylation of homeobox genes in MCL. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human Resistin Stimulates Hepatic Overproduction of Atherogenic ApoB-Containing Lipoprotein Particles by Enhancing ApoB Stability and Impairing Intracellular Insulin Signaling
Authors: Justina Costandi, Michelle Melone, Alex Zhao, Shirya Rashid
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Obese individuals are at high risk for developing atherosclerosis primarily attributable to elevated plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing particles, including very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Plasma levels of the adipose tissue adipokine resistin are increased in human obesity, and resistin expression is positively correlated with coronary atherosclerosis and VLDL levels.We sought to determine for the first time whether resistin directly stimulates human hepatocyte production of apoB-containing particles and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible.Treatment of human hepatocytes with resistin at levels observed in human obesity stimulated apoB secretion up to 10-fold, because of increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity and decreased expression/phosphorylation of proteins in the insulin signaling pathways (insulin receptor substrate-2, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Resistin also increased hepatocyte lipid content by stimulating de novo lipogenesis via the SREBP1 and SREBP2 pathways. Furthermore, obese serum with elevated resistin levels induced greater hepatocyte stimulation of apoB secretion than lean human serum, an effect that was ameliorated by antibody immunoprecipitation removal of serum resistin.Resistin has a direct deleterious impact on human hepatic lipid and lipoprotein regulation. Resistin greatly increased hepatocyte VLDL apoB and lipid secretion because of MTP activation and induction of hepatocyte insulin resistance. Conversely, antibody removal of serum resistin ameliorated human serum stimulation of apoB secretion. Increased hepatic cellular lipids mediated by resistin reflects the fatty liver/steatosis observed with elevated resistin in humans. Thus, human resistin is a novel therapeutic target for mitigating common hepatic pathophysiological processes associated with human obesity, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Adipocyte-Derived Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression and Contribute to the Desmoplastic Reaction in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ludivine Bochet, Camille Lehuédé, Stéphanie Dauvillier, Yuan Yuan Wang, Béatrice Dirat, Victor Laurent, Cédric Dray, Romain Guiet, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, Sophie Le Gonidec, Bettina Couderc, Ghislaine Escourrou, Philippe Valet, Catherine Muller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) comprise the majority of stromal cells in breast cancers, yet their precise origins and relative functional contributions to malignant progression remain uncertain. Local invasion leads to the proximity of cancer cells and adipocytes, which respond by phenotypical changes to generate fibroblast-like cells termed as adipocyte-derived fibroblasts (ADF) here. These cells exhibit enhanced secretion of fibronectin and collagen I, increased migratory/invasive abilities, and increased expression of the CAF marker FSP-1 but not α-SMA. Generation of the ADF phenotype depends on reactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in response to Wnt3a secreted by tumor cells. Tumor cells cocultivated with ADFs in two-dimensional or spheroid culture display increased invasive capabilities. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, we confirmed the presence of this new stromal subpopulation. By defining a new stromal cell population, our results offer new opportunities for stroma-targeted therapies in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5657–68. ©2013 AACR.
Ventilator-induced Cell Wounding and Repair in the Intact Lung
Authors: Ognjen Gajic, Jaeho Lee, Clinton H. Doerr, Jorge C. Berrios, Jeffrey L. Myers, Rolf D. Hubmayr
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that cells of ventilator-injured lungs are subject to reversible plasma membrane stress failure. Rat lungs were perfused with the membrane impermeable fluorescent marker propidium iodide and randomized to one of four ventilation strategies. Subpleural lung regions were imaged with confocal microscopy, and cell injury was quantified as the number of propidium iodide-positive cells per alveolus. The number of injured cells was significantly greater in lungs ventilated with large tidal volumes and zero end-expiratory pressure than in lungs ventilated with small tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure (p < 0.01). Cell injury correlated with lung weight gain, change in dynamic compliance, and histologic injury scores. In a second set of experiments, lungs were mechanically ventilated for 30 minutes at high tidal volume settings, whereas propidium iodide was perfused either during or after injurious ventilation. Labeling after removal of injurious stress revealed significantly fewer injured cells (0.25 +/- 0.09 to 0.08 +/- 0.08, p < 0.01). We conclude that cells of ventilator-injured lungs are subject to reversible plasma membrane stress failure.
Implementing findings of research
Authors: A Haines, R Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There are unacceptable delays in the implementation of many findings of research. This results in suboptimal care for patients. A number of approaches may be effective in speeding up implementation, including evidence based guidelines, the influence of opinion leaders, and computer based decision support systems. An integrated approach to speeding up this process by means of a number of mechanisms is likely to be most effective. The results of systematic reviews of the research literature should be incorporated into programmes of continuing medical education and clinical audit. Professional associations have an important role to play in ensuring that research based information is included in educational activities and clinical guidelines. Purchasers of health care could promote the uptake of research findings during contract negotiations. Improved methods of informing health care users and the public about evidence of effectiveness could also have an impact. Policy makers should take more account of the results of research when formulating recommendations. Methods of improving the implementation of research findings require further investigation and greater resources devoted to them.
Doctors demonstrate against “incoherent” reforms of NHS
Authors: Oona Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The need for local ethics advice during the COVID-19 pandemic has put a spotlight on clinical ethics committees (CECs) and services. In this review, we focus on paediatric CECs that raise both generic questions and specific issues. In doing this, we acknowledge the broader roles of education, research and staff support some bioethics teams have developed but focus on the main areas of clinical ethics support to clinical teams. We raise 12 questions about the role, remit and responsibilities of CECs, provide preliminary answers to these and set out the next steps for the development of ethics support both in paediatric practice and more generally.
Thoracoscopic, histological, and clinical findings in nine case of rheumatoid pleural effusion.
Authors: P Faurschou, D Francis, P Faarup
Journal: Thorax (1985)

A characteristic thoracoscopic picture of a granular parietal pleural surface was found in nine patients with rheumatoid pleurisy. Characteristic changes could be identified histopathologically in material obtained by biopsy. The rheumatoid pleural effusion resolved within an average of 14 months and no serious complications developed after the pleurisy. It is concluded that in rheumatoid pleural effusion a positive diagnosis can be made by thoracoscopy, preferably supported by the identification of microscopic structural changes in the parietal pleura.
SR2-3: Integrative Genomic Analyses of Breast Cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
Authors: C Creighton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer is a disease characterized by genetic aberrations, which lead to widespread deregulation of cell signaling and gene transcription. Over ten years ago, gene transcription profiling of human cancers was found to distinguish distinct intrinsic molecular subtypes of the disease (luminal A/B, HER2, basal, normal-like). TCGA is a large-scale collaborative effort which seeks to comprehensively catalogue the molecular aberrations in various cancers, including breast cancer, at levels of somatic mutation, copy alteration, DNA promoter methylation, protein signaling, and gene and miRNA transcription. Having all of these molecular data on the same set of ∼500 human breast tumors, allows us to construct a more complete molecular portrait of the intrinsic subtypes, along with their candidate molecular drivers. Among other things, integrative analysis of the p53 and PI3K pathways in breast cancer reveal differences in pathway alteration and pathway activity among the subtypes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr SR2-3.
Hormone Therapy in Younger Women and Cognitive Health
Authors: Francine Grodstein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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The effect of simulated pacing stimuli on ventricular fibrillation detection by implantable defibrillators
Authors: David C. Man, Brian H. Sarter, Dina R. Yazmajian, Josephine P. Saligan, David Schwartzman, David J. Callans, Francis E. Marchlinski, Charles D. Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
TCT-772 Emergency Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty in Era of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results from Two Centers Experience
Authors: Claudia Fiorina, Cristina Ciuca, Francesco Saia, Camilla Ciccarese, Diego maffeo, Felicia Lipartiti, Marianna Adamo, Giuliano Chizzola, Salvatore Curello, Federica Ettori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice
Authors: Zhe Zhang, Thomas B. Clarke, Jeffrey N. Weiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Microbial colonization of mucosal surfaces may be an initial event in the progression to disease, and it is often a transient process. For the extracellular pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae studied in a mouse model, nasopharyngeal carriage is eliminated over a period of weeks and requires cellular rather than humoral immunity. Here, we demonstrate that primary infection led to TLR2-dependent recruitment of monocyte/macrophages into the upper airway lumen, where they engulfed pneumococci. Pharmacologic depletion of luminal monocyte/macrophages by intranasal instillation of liposomal clodronate diminished pneumococcal clearance. Efficient clearance of colonization required TLR2 signaling to generate a population of pneumococcal-specific IL-17–expressing CD4+ T cells. Depletion of either IL-17A or CD4+ T cells was sufficient to block the recruitment of monocyte/macrophages that allowed for effective late pneumococcal clearance. In contrast with naive mice, previously colonized mice showed enhanced early clearance that correlated with a more robust influx of luminal neutrophils. As for primary colonization, these cellular responses required Th17 immunity. Our findings demonstrate that monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils recruited to the mucosal surface are key effectors in clearing primary and secondary bacterial colonization, respectively.