tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One or two routine neonatal examinations?
Authors: A P Hughes, A J Stoker, D W A Milligan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

routinely vetted before acceptance.Thirdly, the health visitors' records of all newly transferred children are scanned on receipt so that the correct immunisation data can be entered on to the computer.Similarly, general practice staff are encouraged to elicit details of immunisation when new patients are registered.Drs Abu Arafeh and Carmichael state that "In that year [1985] the uptake of whooping cough vaccine in the Grampian region was 85%, and it continued unchanged through to 1989-90."They are mistaken on two counts.At the end of 1985 in Grampian the pertussis immunisation rate was 67 81%, and this rose steadily throughout 1986-90, mirroring national trends,' to 93-8% at the end of March 1991.Of the 412 children who were not immunised (cohort size 6638), 98 were described as defaulters, 102 as having medical contraindi- cations, 192 as "parental refusals," and 20 as "reason unknown."Although the rise in the pertussis immunisation rate is encouraging, many children remain un- protected because of possibly false medical contraindications to immunisation and lack of parental understanding.Both factors need to be tackled; the former by scrutiny of listed contraindications with appropriate feedback advice, and the latter by renewed efforts and by closing loopholes in the new general practitioner contract that discourage late immunisation.'
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN CERTAIN DISTURBANCES OF THE SKIN.Read before the Section of Dermatology and Syphilography, at the Forty-third annual meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I. Deformities (anomalies of embryonal and tro¬ phic origin, and secondary acquired and artificial malformation), 21 per cent
Renal Cell Carcinoma Extension into the Inferior Vena Cava Detected by Ga-67 Citrate Imaging
Authors: YI-WEI WU, HIKARU SETO, MASASHI SHIMIZU, MASANARI KAGEYAMA, TOSHIRO NAGAYOSHI, NAOTO WATANABE, MASAO KAKISHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

There have been few reports to evaluate the diagnostic value of Ga-67 citrate imaging in renal neoplasms, and none of these studies have described a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava from renal cell carcinoma. The authors present an unusual case of a 48-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma extension into the inferior vena cava, which was incidentally detected by Ga-67 citrate imaging and confirmed by findings at autopsy.
Ontogenesis of somatomedin and insulin receptors in the human fetus.
Authors: V R Sara, K Hall, M Misaki, L Fryklund, N Christensen, L Wetterberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

This study examines the ontogenesis of somatomedin and insulin receptors in man. Particulate plasma membranes were prepared by ultracentrifugation from various tissues removed from fetuses after abortion and classified as less than 17, 17-25, and greater than 25 cm in length. The binding of iodinated insulinlike growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and 2 (IGF-2), somatomedin A (SMA), multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), and insulin was examined at the different ages. In the liver, cross-reaction studies revealed separate insulin and IGF-2 receptors. The Scatchard plots of insulin binding to liver membranes were curvilinear and showed an increase in the concentration of insulin receptors with advancing age. A single IGF-2 receptor was found on liver and no alteration was observed during development. The brain contained a lower concentration of insulin receptors. A change in the brain receptors for somatomedins occurred during development. Early in gestation, a high concentration of a low-affinity IGF-1 receptor was found. After approximately the 17th wk of gestation a higher affinity IGF-1 receptor appeared, which then increased in concentration. Cross-reaction studies also revealed changes in the specificity of these receptors during development. In the youngest fetal group IGF-2 was preferentially bound. Around midgestation a separate IGF-1 receptor, indicated by the preferential displacement of iodinated IGF-1 by IGF-1, appeared. In contrast, iodinated IGF-2 bound to a receptor where IGF-1 and IGF-2 were equipotent.
A British Medical Association Lecture on SOME ANTE-NATAL PROBLEMS
Authors: E. J. MacLean
Journal: BMJ (1931)

A perusal of the now vast literature on ante-natal care, including tomes and textbooks, propaganda pamphlets and handbills, might lead the undisccrning to surmise that it was not until within recent years, or even months, that the general practitioner engaging in midwifery practice had become aware of the possible existence of, for example, contracted pelvis ; of the significance of albumin uria in pregnancy, or of heart disease, or of tumour complications. Indeed, some of the less responsible of such publications, short, it is true, of actual delineation, would appear to imply a ludicrous picture of the general practitioner who, having casually accepted the respon sibility of attendance, arrives all too late, bearing a small bag?usually faded black in exterior and indescribable in content?and is surprised and distressed to find the con tracted pelvis case exhibiting the classical signs of ruptured uterus ; or an albuminuria case in the throes of eclampsia ; or the cardiac in articulo mortis. Let us extend to him, poor fellow, our heartfelt sympathy, for he has further to bear the reproachful demeanour of the ideal midwife and the fraternal greetings of the junior consultant, for whom, let us hasten to add, by way of giving a touch of colour to the unhappy scene, the enterprising local authority has provided a not unreasonable fee. I have exaggerated this picture with the set purpose of saying that, whilst wise propaganda is undeniably essential to the much-needed wider submission of pregnant women to ante-natal examination, the kind of propaganda directed to undermining confidence in the general prac titioner is as unwise as many or most of the allegations to that end are, emphatically, untrue. It is not thus that Ballantyne, perhaps the earliest and certainly one of the most distinguished of the pioneers in urging the neces sity of ante-natal care in this country, initiated his mission, and it is assuredly not the manner in which he would have had it supported. The truth is that as yet the sum total of knowledge concerning the causes of many of the ante-natal conditions which give us anxiety is limited, and that more effective lines of treatment can only be the product of further knowledge and of more experience in its application. This observation notably applies to the toxaemias of pregnancy, which afford, as a whole, a very complex biochemical problem, toward whose solution much intensive effort is now being directed. I was deeply interested to hear, for instance, in the course of a lecture recently delivered by Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, the distinguished President of the Royal Society, before the Cardiff Medical Society, that there is some hope of the identification of a certain vitamin which may be proved to play an important part in the toxaemias, and in the capacity of resistance to infection. But some of the day-to-day ante-natal problems lie much nearer to the surface than these biochemical delvings, hopeful and imperative though they be.
Is there a Change of Type in Disease?
Authors: W. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1867)

slight difficulty in micturition; the urine dribbled; the wound presented a perfectly healthy surface.March 3rd.Some hardened fneces had passed through the wound, and occasioned great pain; as, upon examination, the rectum was found to be loaded with seybala, it was cleared out.March 4th.She was ordered to take half an ounce of castor-oil at once, and afterwards to have a clyster..Evening.She was much troubled by nausea and vomiting; tongue coated; pulse 80, soft; the bowels had acted freely.She was ordered to have two minims of Scheele's hydrocyanic acid in saline effervescent mixture, every four hours; and next day was better.March 7th, She was again more sickly; there was free purulent discharge from the wound; tongue coated; bowels confined; rectum loaded; the rectum was again cleared out.She was ordered to take five grains of calomel immediately.March 8th.She was better, though she felt weak, and had but little appetite; the bowels were open, about half of each motion passing per anum.Careful attention was paid to the state of the
C3-02: Randomized phase II trial using concomitant chemoradiation plus induction (I) or consolidation (C) chemotherapy (CT) for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p). Mature results of the SLCG 0008 study
Authors: Pilar Garrido, A Arellano, B Massutí, J Andreu, O Juan, R Amador, F Cardenal, D Arnaiz, A Ramos, R Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
A Clinical Lecture on the Diagnosis and Operative Treatment of Acute Intestinal Obstruction due to Bands: Delivered at St. George's Hospital
Authors: S. T. Dent
Journal: BMJ (1894)

ACUTE intestinal obstructioll has occupied so much atten- tion of late years, and the subject has become so large that I can only, within the compass of a lecture, limit myself to the consideration of a few points on one, but that a common, variety of the disorder.Many cases of acute intestinal obstruction are highly difficult and complex.In numerous instances, too, the acute obstruction supervenes only on some chronic con- dition or on diseases of long standing in themselves obscure.With suc}1 I am not concerned.The complexity of the symptoms is often only due to delay in treat- ment, and a large number of these cases present symptoms
Rapamycin-sensitive induction of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F in regenerating mouse liver
Authors: Melissa M. Goggin, Christopher J. Nelsen, Scot R. Kimball, Leonard S. Jefferson, Simon J. Morley, Jeffrey H. Albrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Following acute injuries that diminish functional liver mass, the remaining hepatocytes substantially increase overall protein synthesis to meet increased metabolic demands and to allow for compensatory liver growth. Previous studies have not clearly defined the mechanisms that promote protein synthesis in the regenerating liver. In the current study, we examined the regulation of key proteins involved in translation initiation following 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. PH promoted the assembly of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F complexes consisting of eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4A1, and poly-A binding protein. eIF4F complex formation after PH occurred without detectable changes in eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation or its binding eIF4E. The amount of serine 1108-phosphorylated eIF4G (but not Ser209-phosphorylated eIF4E) was induced following PH. These effects were antagonized by treatment with rapamycin, indicating that target of rapamycin (TOR) activity is required for eIF4F assembly in the regenerating liver. Rapamycin inhibited the induction of cyclin D1, a known eIF4F-sensitive gene, at the level of protein expression but not messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In conclusion , increased translation initiation mediated by the mRNA cap-binding complex eIF4F contributes to the induction of protein synthesis during compensatory liver growth. Further study of factors that regulate translation initiation may provide insight into mechanisms that govern metabolic homeostasis and regeneration in response to liver injury. (Hepatology 2004;40:537-544.)
IMPACT OF PRE-HOSPITAL ECG ON TIME TO TREATMENT AND CLINICAL OUTCOME IN A RURAL REGIONAL STEMI NETWORK
Authors: Kulpreet Barn, Mian Muhammad Ali Akram, James Blankenship, Cinde Bower Stout, David Carey, Haiyan Sun, Kimberly Skelding, Thomas Scott, Peter Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Excessive Sugar Puts Hearts in the Danger Zone
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Liver contains heparin-binding growth factors as the major growth factor for cultured fibroblasts
Authors: Takayuki Nagasaki, Michael A. Lieberman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The presence of heparin-binding growth factors in liver was investigated by measuring the DNA synthesis stimulatory activity of liver extracts using quiescent fibroblasts as target cells. It was found that cytosolic fractions of mouse, rat and human liver, as well as isolated rat hepatocytes, contain a large amount of growth stimulatory activity. Most liver cytosolic activity is due to heparin-binding growth factors, because > 90% of the activity bound to a heparin affinity column in the presence of 0.8 mol/L NaCl, and was quantitatively eluted with 2 mol/L NaCl. Purification of these factors from both mouse and rat liver indicated the presence of both heparin-binding growth factor-1 and 2 in liver extracts. The level of the heparin-binding growth factors, as estimated from the biological activity, is approximately 1 μg/gm mouse liver and 0.1 μg/gm rat and human liver. Heparin-binding growth factor-1–like factors were 10 times as abundant as heparin-binding growth factor-2–like factors. These data indicate that the cytosolic fractions of mouse, rat and human liver contain heparin-binding growth factors as the primary growth factor for fibroblasts, and heparin binding growth factor-1–like molecules account for most of the cytosolic activity in both mouse and rat liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:6–14).
Malignant melanoma in an 8-year-old Caribbean girl: diagnostic criteria and utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: A.J. Durrani, G.C. Moir, S.J. Diaz-Cano, R. Cerio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) is continuing to rise, although childhood MM remains rare. We describe an 8-year-old Afro-Caribbean girl who developed a non pigmented lesion on the tip of her left thumb, which persisted despite treatment in primary care with cryotherapy. At biopsy she was found to have an acquired acral MM. She underwent amputation of the distal phalanx of her thumb, together with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and subsequent axillary lymph node clearance and adjuvant chemotherapy. MMs are very rare in this age and skin-type group, therefore requiring strict diagnostic criteria. These criteria include the distinction from MM mimics, especially Spitz tumours, and an appropriate use of staging techniques such as SLN biopsy to influence management.
Screening Student Athletes for Sickle Cell Trait — A Social and Clinical Experiment
Authors: Vence L. Bonham, George J. Dover, Lawrence C. Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

On April 13, 2010, the legislative council for Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) approved mandatory testing for sickle cell carrier status (sickle cell trait) for all student athletes participating in Division I sports. Students are to begin being tested for the first season during which they are eligible to compete, and the new rule takes effect this academic year (2010–2011).1 NCAA data for the 2008–2009 academic year suggest that the requirement will ultimately affect more than 166,900 student athletes.The NCAA program is the most extensive and high-profile sickle cell screening program instituted in the past . . .
Outcomes and Risks of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jonathan M. Hill, Mushabbar A. Syed, Andrew E. Arai, Tiffany M. Powell, Jonathan D. Paul, Gloria Zalos, Elizabeth J. Read, Hanh M. Khuu, Susan F. Leitman, McDonald Horne, Gyorgy Csako, Cynthia E. Dunbar, Myron A. Waclawiw, Richard O. Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis and Portal Hypertension
Authors: A. Cuschieri, R. Brearley, J. Bradley, A. R. Moossa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THROMBOSIS occurring in both peripheral and visceral veins is well documented.1 2 3 4 Gerber and Mendlowitz3 could find no cause for the venous thrombosis in six patients, and they postulated a hypercoaguable state as the fundamental abnormality. In all these cases the thrombosis started in the extremities, and the viscera most commonly involved by venous thrombosis were the intestines, liver, brain, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands.In the three patients with recurrent systemic venous thrombosis described below portal hypertension due to thrombosis of the portal vein subsequently developed. In one, the abnormal tendency to venous thrombosis was associated with a primary cryofibrinogenemia. . . .
Pancreas–kidney transplantation is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with kidney-alone transplantation in men with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lucas E. Nikkel, Sapna P. Iyer, Sumit Mohan, Amy Zhang, Donald J. McMahon, Bekir Tanriover, David J. Cohen, Lloyd Ratner, Christopher S. Hollenbeak, Mishaela R. Rubin, Elizabeth Shane, Thomas L. Nickolas
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain
Authors: Fred K. Hoehler
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A randomized clinical trial of rotational manipulation was conducted on 95 patients with low back pain selected for (1) the absence of any contraindications for vertebral manipulation, (2) the absence of any psychosocial problems that might affect the outcome of treatment, (3) the absence of any previous experience with manipulative therapy, and (4) the presence of palpatory cues indicating that manipulation might be successful. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an experimental group receiving manipulation therapy and a control group receiving soft-tissue massage. Comparison of the two groups indicated that (1) patients who received manipulative treatment were much more likely to report immediate relief after the first treatment, and (2) at discharge, there was no significant difference between the two groups because both showed substantial improvement.
Origins of Biliary Copper
Authors: Michael S. Kressner, Richard J. Stockert, Anatol G. Morell, Irmin Sternlieb
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

We tested the hypothesis that the copper present in bile-the major route of elimination of the metal from the body-is derived exclusively from hepatocytes by administering radiocopper (84Cu or 67Cu)-labeled ionic Cu, desialylated (AsCPN) or intact human ceruloplasmin (CPN), intravenously, to rats with cannulated bile ducts. The rates of appearance and the total amounts of radiolabeled isotope recovered in bile were measured. The three vehicles chosen for the delivery of radiocopper interact differently with hepatocytes: ionic Cu is taken up by a passive process (Schmitt, R. C. et al., Am. J. Physiol. 1983; 244:G183-G191); AsCPN is promptly cleared from the circulation by specific receptor-mediated endocytosis, and CPN largely remains in the circulation for the duration of the experiment. Similar amounts of radiocopper were recovered following injections of ionic Cu (3.1%) or CPN (2%), but substantially larger amounts (8.1%) were excreted after administration of AsCPN. Using an antibody to CPN which reacts also with AsCPN, we found about 70% of the bile radioactivity to be immunoprecipitable following injections of either glycoprotein, indicating that a fraction of these copper proteins had entered the bile essentially unmodified. Our observations indicate that in addition to the lysosomal compartment which catabolizes a portion of the AsCPN in hepatocytes, there appears to be a direct route for AsCPN from hepatocellular sinusoids to the bile canaliculi. Since CPN does not interact significantly with hepatocytes, its presence in bile suggests transcytosis via the biliary epithelium.
Human α-defensin regulates smooth muscle cell contraction: a role for low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein/α2-macroglobulin receptor
Authors: Taher Nassar, Sa'ed Akkawi, Rachel Bar-Shavit, Abdullah Haj-Yehia, Khalil Bdeir, Abu-Bakr Al-Mehdi, Mark Tarshis, Abd Al-Roof Higazi
Journal: Blood (2002)
Intradermal Injection of Lentiviral Vectors Corrects Regenerated Human Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Skin Tissue in Vivo
Authors: David T. Woodley, Douglas R. Keene, Tom Atha, Yi Huang, Ramin Ram, Noriyuki Kasahara, Mei Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a family of inherited mechanobullous disorders caused by mutations in the gene, COL7A1, that codes for type VII, (anchoring fibril), collagen, which is critical for epidermal–dermal adherence. Most gene therapy approaches have been ex vivo, involving cell culture and culture graft transplantation, which is logistically difficult. To develop a more simplified approach, we engineered a self-inactivating lentiviral vector expressing human type VII collagen and injected this vector intradermally into hairless, immunodeficient mice and into a human DEB composite skin equivalent grafted onto immunodeficient mice. In both situations, the vector transduced dermal cells, which in turn synthesized and exported type VII collagen into the extracellular space. Remarkably, the type VII collagen selectively adhered to and incorporated into the basement membrane zone (BMZ) between the dermis and the epidermis, where it formed anchoring fibril structures. In the case of the DEB skin equivalent, the newly expressed type VII collagen reversed the DEB phenotype characterized by poor epidermal–dermal adherence and anchoring fibril defects. A single lentiviral vector injection provided stable type VII collagen at the BMZ for at least 3 months. These data demonstrate efficient and long-term type VII collagen gene transfer in vivo using direct intradermal injection of an engineered lentiviral vector.
Analysis of intrahepatic HBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells during and after acute HBV infection in humans
Authors: Dave Sprengers, Renate G. van der Molen, Johannes G. Kusters, Robert A. De Man, Hubert G.M. Niesters, Solko W. Schalm, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)