tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of early and late human hepatic allograft rejection: Evidence of progressive destruction of interlobular bile ducts
Authors: John M. Vierling, Robert H. Fennell
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Cholestasis and injury of interlobular bile ducts occur during rejection of human hepatic allografts. However, knowledge of the nature and progression of bile duct injury during rejection remains incomplete. To define the role of inflammation in bile duct damage, we assessed the light microscopic appearance of hepatic tissue from selected patients in whom allograft failure was solely due to rejection. Nine patients with rejection were easily separated into two groups based on the duration of the allograft survival. The first group (early rejection) consisted of five patients in whom rejection occurred between 13 and 36 days. The second group (late rejection) consisted of four patients in whom rejection occurred between 170 and 912 days. Early rejection was characterized by distortion of bile ducts by adjacent inflammatory cell infiltrates, cytological changes of bile duct epithelial cells and occasionally by frank mononuclear cell inflammation of the epithelium with destruction of the duct. Late rejection was characterized by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis culminating in the disappearance of interlobular bile ducts. Both groups exhibited histological cholestasis, intact limiting plates, preservation of hepatocytes and positive orcein stains for copper-binding protein. We conclude that the dominant histopathological feature of hepatic allograft rejection is progressive, nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis.
AN AURAL MASSEUR.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The question of the benefits derivable from aural massage in middle ear affections is still unsettled, but many advocate its employment. Improvement doubtless occurs in some cases under its influence, and the necessity for a good, efficient, cheap and handy instrument is apparent. These merits can all be obtained in the appliance here described, the principle of which was suggested to me by my friend Dr. W. N. Porteous, of this city. The instrument consists of a piece of thick rubber tubing one yard in length, of dark color, to prevent soiling. The tubing is severed in the middle, and some glass tubing inserted to connect the two ends. In this glass tubing is loosely placed some cotton. The object in thus inserting the glass tube and cotton is to insure cleanliness to both surgeon and patient, as it prevents anything passing from the patient's ear to the surgeon's mouth,
A government health warning
Authors: J. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Cot death is an easy target for journalists looking for a story. A recent Cook Report (yes, the man who wedges doors open with his foot) implicated antimony poisoning from cot mattresses as a major cause of cot death. The result, public confusion and immeasurable distress for parents of cot death babies, was reflected in more than 6000 calls to a cot death helpline. It was with misgivings that I watched yet another film about sudden infant death syndrome.

The programme opened with a harrowing recording of a mother's 999 call, played over a reconstruction of the ambulance dash to her home. This was followed by an interview with some recently bereaved parents whose simple eloquence spoke …
The emerging role of T cell Ig mucin 1 in alloimmune responses in an experimental mouse transplant model
Authors: Takuya Ueno, Antje Habicht, Michael R. Clarkson, Monica J. Albin, Kazuhiro Yamaura, Olaf Boenisch, Joyce Popoola, Ying Wang, Hideo Yagita, Hisaya Akiba, M. Javeed Ansari, Jaeseok Yang, Laurence A. Turka, David M. Rothstein, Robert F. Padera, Nader Najafian, Mohamed H. Sayegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

T cell Ig mucin 1 (TIM-1) plays an important role in regulating immune responses in autoimmune and asthma models, and it is expressed on both Th1 and Th2 cells. Using an antagonistic TIM-1–specific antibody, we studied the role of TIM-1 in alloimmunity. A short course of TIM-1–specific antibody monotherapy prolonged survival of fully MHC-mismatched vascularized mouse cardiac allografts. This prolongation was associated with inhibition of alloreactive Th1 responses and preservation of Th2 responses. TIM-1–specific antibody treatment was more effective in Th1-type cytokine–deficient Stat4–/– recipients as compared with Th2-type cytokine–deficient Stat6–/– recipients. Subtherapeutic doses of rapamycin plus TIM-1–specific antibody resulted in allograft acceptance and prevented the development of chronic allograft vasculopathy. Allograft survival via this treatment was accompanied by a Th1- to Th2-type cytokine switch. Depletion of natural Tregs abrogated the graft-protecting effect of the TIM-1–specific antibody. Importantly, CD4+CD25+ Tregs obtained from long-term survivors had enhanced regulatory activity as compared with naive CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Consistent with this, TIM-1–specific antibody treatment both preserved Tregs and prevented the expansion of alloreactive effector Th1 cells in an alloreactive TCR transgenic adoptive transfer model. These studies define previously unknown functions of TIM-1 in regulating alloimmune responses in vivo and may provide a novel approach to promoting transplantation tolerance.
Effects of Ketamine on Leading Saccades During Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements May Implicate Cerebellar Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Matthew T. Avila, Martin A. Weiler, Adrienne C. Lahti, Carol A. Tamminga, Gunvant K. Thaker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Ketamine has proved a useful probe in the study of schizophrenia. Recent studies have shown that ketamine causes abnormalities in eye tracking similar to those seen in patients with schizophrenia. The authors examined the effects of ketamine on leading saccadic eye movements, a specific component of the smooth-pursuit response shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients and their relatives. METHOD: Twelve normal healthy volunteers received a 0.1 mg/kg bolus injection of ketamine or placebo in double-blind fashion during a smooth-pursuit eye-movement task. The number of leading saccades and the ratios of leading saccades to smooth-pursuit response time and to total saccadic eye-movement time were measured. RESULTS: Ketamine significantly increased the number of leading saccades and increased the leading saccade ratios for more slowly moving targets. Similar nonsignificant effects were noted at higher target speeds. Ketamine-induced abnormalities were similar to those observed in relatives of schizophrenia patients under drug-free conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neurotransmission mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) is involved in eye-tracking abnormalities. The generation of disruptive leading saccades during smooth pursuit is thought to be mediated by frontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry. Evidence that the locus of this and other ketamine-induced smooth-pursuit eye-movement deficits involves NMDA receptor functioning in the cerebellum is suggested.
Advancing 21st-Century Medical Professionalism
Authors: Carol Black
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tc-99m ECD SPECT Imaging in Aphasia Caused by Subcortical Infarct
Authors: R. K. HALKAR, C. SISTERHEN, J. AMMONS, J. R. GALT, N. P. ALAZRAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital. His wife reported that he was unable to recognize her and had developed slightly slurred speech since awakening that morning. CT scan showed an infarct involving the left caudate and basal ganglia. Tc-99m ECD SPECT transaxial images showed decreased tracer concentration in the left caudate area and in left temporal-parietal and left frontal lobes. Surface rendering of Tc-99m ECD transaxial brain images demonstrated decreased tracer concentration corresponding to Broca and Wernicke areas, which are consistent with the patient's symptoms of anomic aphasia.
False-Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Philip C. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A substantial increase in blood cultures positive for a Serratia marcescens strain unusually sensitive to antibiotics was noted in two large hospitals within six months. Because the patients' illnesses seemed incompatible with Serratia bacteremia, contamination of blood cultures was suspected. Investigation suggested that pediatric-sized vacuum tubes containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were the source of the organisms, and the epidemic strain of Serratia was recovered from 41 (35%) of the 116 tubes cultured. Mock trials showed that reflux from tube to syringe can occur while vacuum tubes are being filled. Because contaminated EDTA tubes were sometimes inoculated before blood culture bottles in these hospitals, cross-contamination occurred. Most evacuated specimen tubes are not guaranteed sterile by the manufacturer. False-positive blood cultures stemming from the use of nonsterile tubes can be eliminated by inoculating blood culture bottles before other specimen tubes. Because false-positive blood cultures may lead to unnecessary antibiotic therapy, health-care workers should guard against the potential hazard associated with use of these tubes. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2073-2075, 1976)
Induction of labour
Authors: A. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Each of the brain imaging techniques in common clinical use (skull radiography, midline ultrasonography, isotope scan, pneumoencephalography, angiography and computerized tomography) depicts some structural or functional characteristic of the brain. Each produces a correspondingly restricted concept of the status of the brain. Computerized tomography, which defines the radiodensity of head tissues, has a fundamental advantage over the other techniques in that it defines with quite good resolution a characteristic of brain tissue itself (radiodensity), rather than visualizing some anatomic compartment other than brain parenchyma. It provides an explicit image of the brain quite analogous to gross sections of the brain seen at autopsy. Computerized tomography has already substantially reshaped the practice of neurology wherever it has become available and probably will come to play a role as pivotal in clinical neurology as does bone radiography in orthopedics.
Hepatocellular transport and gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum in chronic renal failure
Authors: An R.J. Bervoets, Geert J. Behets, Dominick Schryvers, Frank Roels, Zhang Yang, Steven C. Verberckmoes, Stephen J.P. Damment, Simonne Dauwe, Valentine K. Mubiana, Ronny Blust, Marc E. De Broe, Patrick C. D'Haese
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Paget's Disease of the Groin
Authors: Walter M. Holleran
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PAGET'S DISEASE of the nipple comprises approximately 2% of all breast cancers in women.1Despite this low incidence, clinicians are well aware of its occurrence and are usually familiar with its morphological characteristics. Of greater rarity, however, is the occurrence of this pathological entity in areas other than the breast. This so-called extramammary Paget's disease may be found in body regions in which there is an abundance of apocrine glands. A number of cases involving the axilla, the perianal, and the external genital regions have been reported.2-7  It is the purpose of this presentation to report a case of Paget's disease of the groin, and to point out the significance of considering a malignant disease when a chronic eczematous lesion is seen. The treatment of Paget's disease of the breast with adequate local resection, along with regional lymph-node dissection, is well accepted. This basic principle should also be
The Impact of Television: An Evaluation of the Use of Videotapes in Psychiatric Training
Authors: JAMES H. RYAN, STANLEY BUDNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Two groups of psychiatric residents participated in an educational evaluation study. Thirty-four residents were given a televised course in neurology and psychotherapy; a "live" teacher instructed 19 other residents in neurology and psychiatry. Both groups were tested to determine the relative effectiveness of the two instructional programs. The television group performed better on information accumulation scales and on the acquisition of interviewing skills test; the control group better assimilated the attitudinal positions of the instructor.
THE COMBINATION OF DYSSYNCHRONY AND GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN BY 3D SPECKLE TRACKING AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS USEFUL FOR PREDICTION OF FINAL INFARCT SIZE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING
Authors: Noriaki Iwahashi, Masaomi Gohbara, Shunsuke Kataoka, Eiichi Akiyama, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kengo Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
ELECTROLYSIS BY A CURRENT CONTROLLER FOR THE REDUCTION OF SPURS OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is unnecessary to describe spurs or excrescences of the septum narium further than to say that they are outgrowths of cartilage or bone, or of both combined, which project from the septum into the lumen of the nostril, thereby causing obstruction to nasal respiration and drainage. In size, contour and exact location they are of infinite variety and the symptoms which they produce vary correspondingly in nature and degree, being at times so grave as regards complete occlusion, deformity, pressure effects, and the induction of neuroses, as to demand removal by whatever means, and again occasioning merely a sense of inconvenience or annoyance. Customarily, excrescences are removed by surgical means, by the knife, saw and drill, and these methods are still to be indorsed for the majority of cases. In skillful hands they are more rapid, more precise, and in the case of large bony spurs, it would seem,
Who Owns Vermont's Hospitals?
Authors: Megan E. Castonguay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters2 September 2008Who Owns Vermont's Hospitals?Megan E. CastonguayMegan E. CastonguayFrom the Vermont Association of Hospitals and Health Systems, Montpelier, VT 05602.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Ms. Wilson does a good job of summarizing the health care reform efforts in Vermont in the recent Current Clinical Issues (1), but she inaccurately describes the ownership of Vermont hospitals. The article states that, “all of the hospitals are owned by one of 2 essentially noncompeting, nonprofit health systems: Dartmouth–Hitchcock Alliance and Fletcher Allen.”Although most tertiary care is provided by Fletcher Allen Health Care and Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, they do not own any other hospitals. Vermont has 14 acute care hospitals, each of which is owned and operated independently.The Dartmouth–Hitchcock Alliance is a collaborative ...Reference1. Wilson JF. Vermont health care reform aims for more coverage, less expense, and better care. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:797-800. [PMID: 18490698] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Vermont Association of Hospitals and Health Systems, Montpelier, VT 05602.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVermont Health Care Reform Aims for More Coverage, Less Expense, and Better Care Jennifer Fisher Wilson Metrics 2 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 5Page: 364KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careVision ePublished: 2 September 2008 Issue Published: 2 September 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Having advanced resuscitation facilities at end of marathons does not guarantee survival
Authors: L C Luke
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—I feel great sympathy for the parents of Anna Loyley, who died suddenly after finishing the Bath marathon.1 The details are unclear, but it seems to be accepted that her sudden cardiac death might have been avoided through appropriate use of the (available) automatic external defibrillator Nevertheless, the scapegoating of the doctors (and presumably the St John Ambulance workers) involved in the case is …
A Seven-Gene Set Associated with Chronic Hypoxia of Prognostic Importance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hannah van Malenstein, Olivier Gevaert, Louis Libbrecht, Anneleen Daemen, Joke Allemeersch, Frederik Nevens, Eric Van Cutsem, David Cassiman, Bart De Moor, Chris Verslype, Jos van Pelt
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) have an unpredictable clinical course, and molecular classification could provide better insights into prognosis and patient-directed therapy. We hypothesized that in HCC, certain microenvironmental regions exist with a characteristic gene expression related to chronic hypoxia which would induce aggressive behavior.We determined the gene expression pattern for human HepG2 liver cells under chronic hypoxia by microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes were selected and their clinical values were assessed. In our hypothesis-driven analysis, we included available independent microarray studies of patients with HCC in one single analysis. Three microarray studies encompassing 272 patients were used as training sets to determine a minimal prognostic gene set, and one recent study of 91 patients was used for validation.Using computational methods, we identified seven genes (out of 3,592 differentially expressed under chronic hypoxia) that showed correlation with poor prognostic indicators in all three training sets (65/139/73 patients) and this was validated in a fourth data set (91 patients). Retrospectively, the seven-gene set was associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 1.39; P = 0.007) and early recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.92; P = 0.007) in 135 patients. Moreover, using a hypoxia score based on this seven-gene set, we found that patients with a score of >0.35 (n = 42) had a median survival of 307 days, whereas patients with a score of < or =0.35 (n = 93) had a median survival of 1,602 days (P = 0.005).We identified a unique, liver-specific, seven-gene signature associated with chronic hypoxia that correlates with poor prognosis in HCCs.
Risk behaviours for HIV infection among drug users in prison.
Authors: A L Carvell, G J Hart
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To study a group of injecting drug users to establish the degree of illicit drug use in prisons, the prevalence of risk behaviours for HIV infection, and the uptake of treatment for drug dependency with drugs within the prison system.Anonymous, self administered, questionnaire.Two drug agencies in central London; one operating a scheme for exchanging needles, and the other offering drug advice and information.50 (42 Men, eight women) self selected injecting drug users (mean age 31.2 (range 21-42)), all of whom had been held in custody at some time since 1982.Details about periods served in custody since 1982; the number of respondents who took drugs (orally or by injection), either illicitly or prescribed, while in prison and the types of substances taken; the respondents' sexual activity in prison and between periods in custody.The average time spent in custody before the study was 20.6 months (range 1-72). Most prosecutions were directly or indirectly related to drug taking. 47 Of the 50 respondents reported taking at least one illicit drug while in custody; 33 by injection, 26 of whom had shared injecting equipment. 30 Had been treated for drug dependency by the prescribing of drugs while in prison. While in custody, one woman and four men (with a mean of seven (range 2-16) male partners) had had sex. Between periods spent in custody, men reported having a mean of eight (range 0-90) female partners and women a mean of one (range 0-3) male partner. Three men had had sex with other men, with a mean of six (range 2-11) partners. Since their last period in custody, men had had a mean of two (range 0-18) female partners and women had had a mean of two (range 1-3) male partners. Five men had also had male partners.A high prevalence of injecting and sexual risk behaviours among injecting drug users within and between periods in custody has been shown. Most of these offenders continued to take drugs while in custody, and just over half not only injected drugs but shared equipment. Some of the male prisoners compounded their risk of HIV infection by engaging in sexual activity with multiple partners. Prisoners who then have multiple sexual partners after release place their partners in the community at particular risk of HIV infection. Although many of the drug users were prescribed drugs for their dependency, limited access to appropriate treatment, counselling, and health education may compound the situation.