tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concentration, biosynthesis and degradation of collagen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: M Selman, M Montano, C Ramos, R Chapela
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Despite several studies both in vitro and in vivo, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is unclear and some findings related to the biochemistry of collagen are controversial. Collagen metabolism was studied in 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in six control subjects. There was an increase in collagen concentration (mean 327 (SD 76) compared with control values of 185 (18) micrograms/mg dry weight, p less than 0.001), normal values for biosynthesis (mean 2.2% (0.8%) v 2.08% (0.5%), and a noteworthy decrease in collagenolytic activity (mean 0.07 (0.04) v 0.23 (0.04) micrograms of collagen degraded per mg of collagen incubated, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that an alteration in enzymatic breakdown of collagen plays an important role in the maintenance and progression of interstitial fibrosis in this disease.
Britain's failure to tackle research misconduct: UK bodies are now working together to set up panel on misconduct
Authors: G. D O Lowe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—We sympathise with Lock's frustration about the delay in establishing a British panel for preventing and managing biomedical research misconduct.1 Having produced this college's consensus conference statement,2 we worked with sister colleges to develop a blueprint for such a panel.3 The subsequent development of the panel was charged by UK colleges and other relevant bodies to the Academy of Medical Sciences. This item has been monitored closely by our audit and research committee, and, like Lock, we are disappointed that the academy has not made more progress.

After the meeting of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in October, where Lock spoke, it was proposed that the colleges should work with the General Medical Council, Universities UK, NHS Research and Development, and the Academy of Medical Sciences to ensure the progression of the panel. The Federation of Royal Colleges of Physicians of the UK has since confirmed its support for the joint working group. This college continues to promote its misconduct statement and remains fully committed to working actively with all other bodies to establish the British panel.
Therapeutic efficacy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Shiro Yokohama, Masashi Yoneda, Masakazu Haneda, Satoshi Okamoto, Mituyoshi Okada, Kazunobu Aso, Takenao Hasegawa, Yoshihiko Tokusashi, Naoyuki Miyokawa, Kimihide Nakamura
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The therapeutic efficacy of angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, was studied in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Seven patients with both NASH and hypertension were treated with losartan (50 mg/d) for 48 weeks. Treatment with losartan resulted in a significant decrease in blood markers of hepatic fibrosis, plasma TGF-β1 and serum ferritin concentration concurrently with an improvement in serum aminotransferase levels. Histological assessment showed improvement of hepatic necroinflammation in five patients, reduction of hepatic fibrosis in four patients, and disappearance of iron deposition in two patients. No side effect of treatment was noted at any time during the study. In conclusion , the present data raise the possibility that an angiotensin II receptor antagonist may be therapeutically efficacious for NASH. (Hepatology 2004.)
Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes: who to screen.
Authors: B Janand-Delenne, B Savin, G Habib, M Bory, P Vague, V Lassmann-Vague
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is more common in diabetic patients than in the general population. However, the exact prevalence of SMI is not known, and routine screening is costly. The purpose of this 1-year study was to estimate the prevalence of SMI and define a high-risk diabetic population by systematically testing patients with no symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The criteria for inclusion in this study were age (between 25 and 75 years), duration of diabetes (&amp;gt;15 years for type 1 diabetes, 10 years for type 2 diabetes with no cardiovascular risk factors, and 5 years for type 2 diabetes with at least one cardiovascular risk factor), and absence of clinical or electrocardiogram (ECG) symptoms of CAD. For 1 year, 203 patients were screened, including 28 women and 45 men with type 1 diabetes (aged 41.5+/-10.9 years, mean duration of diabetes 20.9+/-7.7 years [mean +/- SD]) and 61 women and 69 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 60.7+/-8.7 years, duration of diabetes 16.5+/-7.1 years). Exercise ECG was the first choice for screening method. If exercise ECG was not possible or inconclusive, thallium myocardial scintigraphy (TMS) with exercise testing and/or dipyridamole injection was performed. If any one of these tests was positive, coronary angiography was carried out and was considered to be positive with a stenosis of &amp;gt; or =50%. RESULTS: Positive screening results were obtained in 32 patients (15.7%). Coronary angiography demonstrated significant lesions in 19 patients (9.3%) and nonsignificant lesions in 7 patients (1 false-positive result for exercise ECG and 6 false-positive results for TMS). Coronary angiography was not performed in six patients. All but 3 of the 19 patients (15 men and 4 women) in whom silent coronary lesions were detected presented with type 2 diabetes. The main differences between the 16 type 2 diabetic patients presenting with coronary lesions and the type 2 diabetic patients without SMI were a higher prevalence of peripheral macroangiopathy (56.2 vs. 15.1%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and a higher prevalence of retinopathy (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No correlation was found between SMI and duration of diabetes, HbA1c level, renal status, or cardiovascular risk factors except for family history of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study allowed us to determine a high-risk group for SMI in the diabetic population. SMI with significant lesions occurs in 20.9% of type 2 diabetic male patients who are totally asymptomatic for CAD. Based on these findings, we recommend routine screening for male patients in whom the duration of type 2 diabetes is &amp;gt;10 years or even less when more than one cardiovascular risk factor is present.
The Reconstructive Surgery of the Hip
Authors: E. W. H. Groves
Journal: BMJ (1926)

THE hip-jOint, the largest anid m10ost important in tLe body, presellts special difficulties and special displacements.It is morle liable to serious disease and congeniital dislocation tlhan-aniy otlher joint.Possibly this may be due in part to the evolutionary change from the quadruped to the biped gait alnd progression.FRACTURE OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR.Fractures of the true nieck of the femur-that is, of the bone proximal to the intertrochanteric line-present very special features.Uniless impacted these fractures never undergo natural union, and yet if artificial impaction is brought about, bony union *vill occur just as certainly as in any fracture elsewhere.Non-union, which is the natural event in these cases, is due to four causes--namely, want of apposition, poor blood, supply, inter-posed capsule, and the action cf the synovial fluid.Of these, the first two are by far the most important.If efficient treatment is delayed for mrre than a few weeks marked atrophy occurs in the proximal fragment, and after such an event perfect restitution either of form or function is impossible.The three esseential points in the treatment are: early inter- vention, accurate apposition, and firm fixation.If these
Identification of the same factor V gene mutation in 47 out of 50 thrombosis-prone families with inherited resistance to activated protein C.
Authors: B Zöller, P J Svensson, X He, B Dahlbäck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Resistance to activated protein C (APC) is the most prevalent inherited cause of venous thrombosis. The APC resistance phenotype is associated with a single point mutation in the factor V gene, changing Arg506 in the APC cleavage site to a Gln. We have investigated 50 Swedish families with inherited APC resistance for this mutation and found it to be present in 47 of them. Perfect cosegregation between a low APC ratio and the presence of mutation was seen in 40 families. In seven families, the co-segregation was not perfect as 12 out of 57 APC-resistant family members were found to lack the mutation. Moreover, in three families with APC resistance, the factor V gene mutation was not found, suggesting another still unidentified cause of inherited APC resistance. Of 308 investigated families members, 146 were normal, 144 heterozygotes, and 18 homozygotes for the factor V gene mutation and there were significant differences in thrombosis-free survival curves between these groups. By age 33 yr, 8% of normals, 20% of heterozygotes, and 40% of homozygotes had had manifestation of venous thrombosis.
Clinical Correlations During Amphotericin B Therapy.
Authors: Hewitt C. Goodpasture
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Clinical Correlations During Amphotericin B Therapy.Hewitt C. Goodpasture, M.D., Douglas W. Voth, M.D., D. A. Romig, M.D., D. Cheng, M.D., B. D. Wenglin, M.D., Chien Liu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Hewitt C. Goodpasture, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Douglas W. Voth, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. A. Romig, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. Cheng, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. D. Wenglin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Chien Liu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-872_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFifteen patients treated with amphotericin B for systemic fungal infection (histoplasmosis, five; sporotrichosis, three; aspergillosis, two; cryptococcosis, two; coccidioidomycosis, two; and blastomycosis, one) were selected for special studies. The drug was given in dosages of up to 1 mg/kg body weight day according to the degree of reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Local and systemic intestinal, hematopoietic, hepatic, endocrine, neuromuscular, renal, and cardiopulmonary side effects of the drug were sought by clinical and laboratory observations performed before, during, and after treatmentFever, chills, weakness, and nausea occurred regularly but were less severe as treatment continued. This "tolerance" was not predictable... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kansas City, Kan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDictionary of Inorganic CompoundsChapter 13. Antifungal Agents 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 872-872KeywordsAmphotericinCoccidioidomycosisCryptococcosisDrugsFeversGlomerular filtration rateHistoplasmosisNauseaResearch laboratoriesSporotrichosis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase activity is increased in hypertension.
Authors: R Gros, J L Benovic, C M Tan, R D Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Impaired vascular beta-adrenergic responsiveness may play an important role in the development and/or maintenance of hypertension. This defect has been associated with an alteration in receptor/guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (G-protein) interactions. However, the locus of this defect remains unclear. G-Protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate serine/threonine residues on G-protein-linked receptors in an agonist-dependent manner. GRK activation mediates reduced receptor responsiveness and impaired receptor/G-protein coupling. To determine whether the impairment in beta-adrenergic response in human hypertension might be associated with altered GRK activity, we studied lymphocytes from younger hypertensive subjects as compared with older and younger normotensive subjects. We assessed GRK activity by rhodopsin phosphorylation and GRK expression by immunoblot. GRK activity was significantly increased in lymphocytes from younger hypertensive subjects and paralleled an increase in GRK-2 (beta ARK-1) protein expression. In contrast, no alterations in cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase) activity or GRK-5/6 expression were noted. GRK activity was not increased in lymphocytes from older normotensive subjects who demonstrated a similar impairment in beta-adrenergic-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation. These studies indicate that GRK activity is selectively increased in lymphocytes from hypertensive subjects. The increase in GRK activity may underlie the reduction in beta-adrenergic responsiveness characteristic of the hypertensive state.
Contribution of Central Neuropathy to Postural Instability in IDDM Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Luigi Uccioli, Pier Giorgio Giacomini, Patrizio Pasqualetti, Stefano Di Girolamo, Paola Ferrigno, Giovanna Monticone, Ernesto Bruno, Paolo Boccasena, Antonio Magrini, Leoluca Parisi, Guido Menzinger, Paolo Maria Rossini
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of central neuropathy on postural impairment observed in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Central sensory and motor nervous propagation, nerve conduction velocity, and static posturography were assessed in the following age-matched subjects: 7 IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy (group DN), 18 IDDM patients without peripheral neuropathy (group D), and 31 control subjects (group C). Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) during tibial nerve stimulation were recorded, and the spine-to-scalp sensory central conduction time (SCCT) was evaluated. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from leg muscles during magnetic transcranial brain stimulation, and the scalp-to-spine motor central conduction time (MCCT) was evaluated. The following posturographic parameters were calculated from the statokinesigram: trace length, trace surface, velocity of body sway with its standard deviation, and VFY (a parameter derived from the velocity variance and the anteroposterior mean position of the body). RESULTS SCCT was significantly higher in the DN group than in the C and D groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001). MCCT was similar in all groups. Posturographic parameters were all significantly impaired in the DN group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). While posturographic parameters showed a direct relationship with some parameters of peripheral nerve conduction, no correlations were observed with SEP and MEP central conduction time. These results were also confirmed by logistic regression, which indicates peripheral neuropathy as the only implicating factor in postural instability (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.75) after data reduction by means of factor analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy show a delay in central sensory conduction, postural instability may be fully explained by the presence of peripheral neuropathy.
Is Transmission of Campylobacter Pylori by Endoscopic Examination Possible?
Authors: S. Gullini, S. Boccini, D. Contarini, F. Macario, O. Basso, P. Maini, R. Bicocchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

See also: Are Routine Cleaning Methods Sufficient to Remove Helicobacter pylori from Endoscopic Equipment?Endoscopy 1993; 25(06): 435-435DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010358
Isoniazid Liver Injury: Clinical Spectrum, Pathology, and Probable Pathogenesis
Authors: Jerry R. Mitchell, Hyman J. Zimmerman, Kamal G. Ishak, Unnur P. Thorgeirsson, John A. Timbrell, Wayne R. Snodgrass, Sidney D. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The clinical spectrum of isoniazid-induced liver injury seems to be clinically, biochemically, and histologically indistinguishable from viral hepatitis, except that the injury occurs primarily in persons older than 35 years. A possible relation between susceptibility of patients to isoniazid liver injury and rapid metabolism (acetylation) of the drug has been found. Examination of isoniazid metabolites showed that patients with rapid acetylator phenotype hydrolyze much more isoniazid to isonicotinic acid and the free hydrazine moiety than do slow acetylators. The hydrazine moiety liberated from isoniazid is primarily acetylhydrazine, and studies in animals show this metabolite to be converted to a potent acylating agent that produces liver necrosis. It seems likely that formation of chemically reactive metabolites is also the biochemical event initiating isoniazid liver injury in man. Recognition of the seriousness of isoniazid hepatic injury, not readily accepted at first, has led to revisions in the uses of isoniazid prophylaxis.
Palestine: the assault on health and other war crimes
Authors: Derek Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2004)

D oes the death of an Arab weigh the same as that of a US or Israeli citizen? The Israeli army, with utter impunity, has killed more unarmed Palestinian civilians since September 2000 than the number of people who died on September 11, 2001. In conducting 238 extrajudicial executions the army has also killed 186 bystanders (including 26 women and 39 children). Two thirds of the 621 children (two thirds under 15 years) killed at checkpoints, in the street, on the way to school, in their homes, died from small arms fire, directed in over half of cases to the head, neck and chest—the sniper's wound. Clearly, soldiers are routinely authorised to shoot to kill children in situations of minimal or no threat. These statistics attract far less publicity than suicide bombings, atrocious though these are too.

Amnesty International has called for an investigation into the killing of Asma al-Mughayr (16 years) and her brother Ahmad (13 years) on the roof terrace of their home in Rafah on 18 May, each with a single bullet to the head. …
Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of murine pulmonary homeostasis following inhaled antigen challenge
Authors: S. A. Mathie, K. L. Dixon, S. A. Walker, V. Tyrrell, M. Mondhe, V. B. O'Donnell, L. G. Gregory, C. M. Lloyd
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of the pulmonary mucosa and central to maintaining immunological homeostasis. However, their role in governing the response to allergen is not fully understood. Inappropriate responses to the inhaled environment manifest as asthma.
Abstract P5-05-05: Lower mitotic activity in BRCA1/2-associated primary breast cancers occurring after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy
Authors: VMT van Verschuer, BAM Heemskerk-Gerritsen, CHM van Deurzen, IM Obdeijn, MMA Tilanus-Linthorst, C Verhoef, MK Schmidt, LB Koppert, MJ Hooning, C Seynaeve
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy reduces breast cancer (BC) risk by about 50% in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers when performed premenopausally. It has been hypothesized that growth activity of BCs originating after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is lower. We compared tumor characteristics and growth rates of BRCA1/2-associated primary BCs (PBCs) detected after RRSO with those of tumors originating without RRSO. Methods From a cohort of 271 female BRCA1/2-associated patients with screen detected BC, 20 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with PBC detected ≥12 months after RRSO were selected (RRSO group). Controls were 36 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with PBC detected without RRSO (non-RRSO group) matched for age at PBC diagnosis (± 2.5 years) and for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (intended matching ratio 1:2). Tumor growth rates, expressed as tumor volume doubling times (DT), were calculated. Pathology samples were revised for histological subtype, tumor differentiation grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status. Imaging examinations (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography) before and at BC diagnosis were revised. Results Median age at PBC diagnosis was 52 years (range 35-67). MRI detected more BC than mammography in the RRSO-group as compared to the non-RRSO group (83% vs. 39%, P = 0.02). Tumor size at diagnosis was smaller in the RRSO group (11.0 mm vs. 17.0 mm, P = 0.01). Mitotic activity indexes (MAI) in the RRSO and non-RRSO group were 12 vs. 22 mitotic counts/2 mm2 (P = 0.02). No significant differences in differentiation grade, ER and HER2 status were found. PR-status was more often positive in the RRSO group without reaching statistical significance (38% vs. 13%, P = 0.07). Median DT in the RRSO group was 124 days (range 89-193) and 93 days (range 54-253) in the non-RRSO group (P = 0.47). Conclusion BC occurring after RRSO in BRCA mutation carriers features a lower MAI, suggesting a less aggressive biological behavior. When confirmed in larger series, this may have consequences for BC screening protocols for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers after RRSO. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-05.
Adrenergic-Receptor Polymorphisms and Heart Failure
Authors: Roger J. Hajjar, Calum A. MacRae
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Congestive heart failure is the eventual outcome of diverse myocardial insults, including postischemic remodeling, primary cardiomyopathies, and infections.1 Even for specific forms of myocardial injury, it remains difficult to predict the development of congestive heart failure. Racial differences in the incidence of congestive heart failure, reduced penetrance in families with familial cardiomyopathy, and strain-specific effects in animal models all suggest that some of the variation in the general population with regard to susceptibility to heart failure is heritable.2 Although early events in the evolution of congestive heart failure are often unknown, the final common pathways are slowly being elucidated. The . . .
Fluid Drinks in Laparotomy Cases.
Authors: J. A. Dickson
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Youngstown, Ohio, Feb. 13, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just finished reading the excellent article entitled, "Fluid Drinks after Laparotomy," by F. Byron Robinson, in current issue of the Journal. Although I agree with him, that fluids are called for by the system with a special intensity after laparotomy; and that the patient is in the same condition as Tantalus, with even a greater burden to bear—that of a surgical condition is superadded; yet I think we can supply the fluid to the system in a better manner than by giving it by the mouth and stomach. For some time I have been conducting experiments upon myself, regarding the absorption and elimination of water from the bowel. We all know that a large enema, by distending the bowel will bring on increased peristalsis, and thus cause it to be expelled within a few moments. I have found by experimenting
1075 IDENTIFICATION BY IN SITU PROTEOMIC IMAGING OF MODIFIED FORMS OF HISTONE H4 AS NEW MOLECULAR MARKERS OF MICROVASCULAR INVASION IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS
Authors: N. Poté, T. Alexandrov, J. Le Faouder, S. Laouirem, T. Léger, M. Mebarki, J. Belghiti, J.M. Camadro, P. Bedossa, V. Paradis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
912 APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 ALLELE PROTECTS FROM CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: T. Müller, J. Fischer, J. Rosendahl, S. Bohm, F. van Bommel, J. Wiegand, R. Gessner, V. Weich, C. Sarrazin, H. Witt, A. Bergk, E. Schott, B. Wiedenmann, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)