tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Need for Blood in Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Jerome Harold Kay
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. James K. Roche and Dr. James M. Stengle, in "Open-Heart Surgery and the Demand for Blood" (225:1516,1973), stated that an average of nearly eight units of blood were used per case in 1971. Because of the increasing demand for blood for open-heart surgery and the possibility of hepatitis, with its morbidity and mortality, we have avoided blood transfusions as much as possible. For our open-heart procedures, consisting of coronary artery surgery, valvular repair, or replacement or correction of congenital heart lesions, 68% of our patients operated upon during the past two years have had no blood transfusions. This has been true both during the procedure and in the postoperative period. For the 32% that have received blood, only 4.3 units were used in the average case. This is a major step in decreasing the possibility of hepatitis in openheart surgery, and also lowering the need for
The conduction system in hypoplasia of the aortic tract complex.
Authors: S Bharati, M Lev
Journal: Circulation (1979)

This is a study of the course of the conduction system in two cases of hypoplasia of the aortic tract complex, one with mitral stenosis and the other with mitral atresia. In both there was a posterior atrioventricular (AV) node which formed the AV bundle. In case 1 the bundle was short and bifurcated early. The branching bundle gave off a large left bundle branch (LBB), many Mahaim fibers to the septum and a small right bundle branch (RBB). In case 2 the AV node was divided into two parts which formed two posterior bundles which joined together to form a short branching bundle. Instead of a LBB there were profuse Mahaim fibers passing from the branching bundle to the depths of the ventricular septum. The RBB was large. The abnormalities seen in the conduction system particularly in the LBB are discussed from the embryologic stand-point.
Two Risk-Scoring Systems for Predicting Incident Diabetes Mellitus in U.S. Adults Age 45 to 64 Years
Authors: Henry S. Kahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Simple prediction scores could help identify adults at high risk for diabetes. Objective: To derive and validate scoring systems by using longitudinal data from a study that repeatedly tested for incident diabetes. Design: Prospective cohort, divided into derivation and validation samples. Setting: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, which followed participants for 14.9 years beginning in 1987 to 1989. Participants: 12 729 U.S. adults (baseline age, 45 to 64 years; 22.8% black). Follow-up was 96.1% at 5 years and 72.2% at 10 years. Measurements: Anthropometry, blood pressure, and pulse (basic system) plus a fasting blood specimen assayed for common analytes (enhanced system). Diabetes was identified in 18.9% of participants. Risk score integer points were derived from proportional hazard coefficients associated with baseline categorical variables and quintiles of continuous variables. Results: The basic scoring system included waist circumference (10 to 35 points); maternal diabetes (13 points); hypertension (11 points); and paternal diabetes, short stature, black race, age 55 years or older, increased weight, rapid pulse, and smoking history (≤8 points each). The enhanced system included glucose (6 to 28 points); waist circumference (5 to 21 points); maternal diabetes (8 points); and triglycerides, black race, paternal diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, short stature, high uric acid, age 55 years or older, hypertension, rapid pulse, and nonuse of alcohol (≤7 points each). When applied to the validation sample, ascending quintiles of the basic system were associated with a 10-year incidence of diabetes of 5.3%, 8.7%, 15.5%, 24.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. Quintiles of the enhanced system were associated with a 10-year incidence of 3.5%, 6.4%, 11.5%, 19.3%, and 46.1%. Limitations: The risk scoring systems had no question regarding previous gestational diabetes, and knowledge of parental diabetes may be uncertain. The analyzed cohort was restricted by age and race; the systems may be less effective in other samples. Conclusion: Basic information identified adults at high risk for diabetes. Additional data from fasting blood tests better identified those at extreme risk. Primary Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Fees for completing attendance allowance reports
Authors: D E Pickersgill
Journal: BMJ (1991)

SIR, -Dr Christopher Law asks how many reports are requested of doctors and why arrangements exist for such reports to be paid for outside NHS remuneration.'The answer to the first question is, "All to many!" General practitioners in particular receive a myriad of requests for reports, some of doubtful necessity.In regard to the second question, there is no doubt that the requirement to pay for these reports on an item of service basis is responsible for preventing even more requests for reports.Moreover, in these days of cross charging between all government departments it would be invidious for general practitioners, who are independent con- tractors, or indeed hospital doctors, who are salaried to the NHS, to be asked to subsidise a department outside the NHS.With regard to completion of the report for patients claiming attendance allowance under the new "special rules," the fee agreed with the Department of Social Security takes into account those patients whose records take much longer to examine before the form can be completed.
Do Families Get Family Care?
Authors: Paul J. Murata
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To determine the prevalence of family care, we measured the extent to which a subset of 732 families, from those enrolled in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, perceive and use a single primary care physician. Although only 16.7% of these families had all members with a majority of their visits to the same physician, 45.4% identified a single primary care physician for all family members. (For older couples, this percentage reached 73.5%). An intermediate proportion of families had visits by all family members to a single physician. Children received less family care, but as families matured, family care increased for both children and parents. Our results suggest an inverse relationship between family care and education level. The availability of general-family practitioners, family income, insurance coverage, and population size were not significant determinants of family care. We conclude that family members share the perception of having a single "family physician," which is reflected in their patterns of utilization.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Positive L.E.-Cell Phenomenon
Authors: J. H. Kievits, J. Goslings, H. R. E. Schuit, W. Hijmans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1956)

Kaposi (1872) first drew attention to the fact that joint symptoms occur in a great number of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.Reifenstein, Reifenstein, and Reifenstein (1939) compiled data from eighteen patients and noted articular mani- festations in all.Klemperer, Pollack, and Baehr (1941) noticed that in ten out of twenty of their patients joint symptoms were the first manifestations of the disease.In a more recent study, Dubois (1953) men- tions that 90 per cent. of a series of 62 patients had joint involvement, ranging from ill-defined arthralgia to joint deformities with bone destruction similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis.In this same series, 30 per cent.had "definite rheumatoid deformity".In a group of 105 cases, analysed by Harvey, Shulman, Tumulty, Conley, and Schoenrich (1955), only ten had no joint involvement, and in 63 per cent.the articular manifestations occurred * Wass.R.
Passive Immunization in Relation to Multiple Cases of Poliomyelitis in the Household
Authors: Morris Siegel, Morris Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE epidemiologic features of household exposure to poliomyelitis were at first ascertained by the clinical investigations of individual cases1 2 3 4 and easily identified population groups in epidemic areas.5 6 7 8 9 10 The data indicated that multiple clinical infections in the home were uncommon and, when present, presumably arose simultaneously from the same carrier source or from a member with a subclinical infection. These investigations were subsequently extended to camps, schools and institutions.11 12 13 In more recent years, general knowledge has been broadened by the use of laboratory methods, which confirmed the impressions derived from clinical reports and demonstrated that poliomyelitis in the household was accompanied . . .
Myiasis of Palpebral Conjunctiva
Authors: T. E. M. Wardill
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Natural killer T cells are an immunoregulatory population of lymphocytes that plays a critical role in controlling the adaptive immune system and contributes to the regulation of autoimmune responses. We have previously reported deficiencies in the numbers and function of NKT cells in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain, a well-validated model of type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we report the results of a genetic linkage analysis of the genes controlling NKT cell numbers in a first backcross (BC1) from C57BL/6 to NOD.<i>Nkrp1</i><sup><i>b</i></sup> mice. The numbers of thymic NKT cells of 320 BC1 mice were determined by fluorescence-activated cell analysis using anti-TCR Ab and CD1/α-galactosylceramide tetramer. Tail DNA of 138 female BC1 mice was analyzed for PCR product length polymorphisms at 181 simple sequence repeats, providing greater than 90% coverage of the autosomal genome with an average marker separation of 8 cM. Two loci exhibiting significant linkage to NKT cell numbers were identified; the most significant (<i>Nkt1</i>) was on distal chromosome 1, in the same region as the NOD mouse lupus susceptibility gene <i>Babs2/Bana3</i>. The second most significant locus (<i>Nkt2</i>) mapped to the same region as <i>Idd13</i>, a NOD-derived diabetes susceptibility gene on chromosome 2.
Thyroid function tests and hypothyroidism: Reducing concentrations further would be harmful
Authors: M. Crilly
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—In their editorial on thyroid function tests and hypothyroidism, Toft and Beckett discuss the target concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone concentration for patients receiving thyroxine replacement for primary hypothyroidism.1

They say that patients with continuing non-specific symptoms (despite a thyroid stimulating hormone concentration within the laboratory reference range) are “under-replaced.”

They conclude that simply satisfying the recommendations of the American Thyroid Association …
Abstract 2474: Increased PKC expression in diacylglycerol-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the human c-Ha-<i>ras</i> proto-oncogene transgenic rat
Authors: Masumi Suzui, Ichiro Yoshida, Masashi Ishihara, Makoto Nakashima, Toshiyuki Matsunaga, Akira Hara, Katsumi Fukamachi, Hiroyuki Tusda
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) is implicated in cell proliferation and tumor promotion. PKC is activated by 1, 2-diacylglycerol (1, 2-DAG). An edible oil that includes 70% 1,3-DAG and 30% 1,2-DAG is commercially available in Japan, USA, and European countries. To examine whether the DAG oil enhances mammary carcinogenesis and to measure whether DAG affects the levels of PKC expression, we carried out this study with human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene transgenic (Hras128) rats that are highly susceptible to mammary carcinogenesis. Hras128 rats (6-week-old) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. DAG oil was administered to the rat as oral drops. Group 1 (G1): 0.5 mL triacylglyceraol (TAG) x2/week, Group 2 (G2): 0.5 mL DAG x2/week, Group 3 (G3): 0.5 mL TAG x1/week plus 0.5 mL DAG x1/week, Group 4 (G4): 0.5 mL DAG x1/2 weeks + 0.5 mL TAG x3/2 weeks. Experiment was terminated after 15 weeks. Mammary tumors were histologically identified as adenocarcinoma. Tumor incidence of G2 (77%) and G3 (77%) was significantly higher than G1 (22%). Tumor multiplicity of G2 (1.3 ± 1.1) was significantly higher than the other 3 groups (G1, 0.4 ± 1.0; G3, 0.9 ± 0.6; G4, 0.7 ± 1.0). In tumor samples, the mRNA expression levels of 6 PKC isoforms (α, δ, ε, η, λ, ν) increased compared to the adjacent normal tissues. In a parallel study, we also examined the levels of PKC expression in normal mammary tissues of Hras128 rats treated with either TAG or DAG oils alone for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of 5 PKC isoforms (δ, ε, η, λ, θ) significantly increased in the DAG-treated normal tissues compared to the TAG-treated normal tissues. These findings provide evidence that treatment of Hras128 rats with DAG oil may promote mammary carcinogenesis by inducing expression of several PKC isoforms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2474.
"ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK FOLLOWING USE OF AN ORGANIC COAGULANT"
Authors: I. S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 3, p. 36, is a case report by Dr. Bernard E. Sayre of Chicago entitled "Anaphylactic Shock Following Use of an Organic Coagulant." While I do not dispute the facts mentioned or the antigenic character of the material in question, it would seem to me that the evidence of the existence of anaphylaxis in this instance would be far stronger with the report of the presence of coincident erythema multiforme or urticaria, eosinophilia, and corroboration of the assumed hypersensitiveness by the employment of the usual confirmatory cutaneous tests. In their absence in this case report, it would seem to me possible to explain the occurrence on other grounds than anaphylaxis.
Long-term outcome following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: collaborative study of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies and European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Hulya Ozsahin, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Ansgar Schulz, Adrian J. Thrasher, Evelina Mazzolari, Mary A. Slatter, Francoise Le Deist, Stephane Blanche, Paul Veys, Anders Fasth, Robbert Bredius, Petr Sedlacek, Nico Wulffraat, Juan Ortega, Carsten Heilmann, Anne O'Meara, Jacek Wachowiak, Krzysztof Kalwak, Susanne Matthes-Martin, Tayfun Gungor, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Paul Landais, Andrew J. Cant, Wilhelm Friedrich, Alain Fischer
Journal: Blood (2007)
A role for mDia, a Rho-regulated actin nucleator, in tangential migration of interneuron precursors
Authors: Ryota Shinohara, Dean Thumkeo, Hiroshi Kamijo, Naoko Kaneko, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Keisuke Watanabe, Hirohide Takebayashi, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Toshimasa Ishizaki, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki, Shuh Narumiya
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Ptprj is a candidate for the mouse colon-cancer susceptibility locus Scc1 and is frequently deleted in human cancers
Authors: Claudia A.L. Ruivenkamp, Tom van Wezel, Carlo Zanon, Alphons P.M. Stassen, Cestmir Vlcek, Tamás Csikós, Anita M. Klous, Nikos Tripodis, Anastassis Perrakis, Lucie Boerrigter, Peter C. Groot, Jan Lindeman, Wolter J. Mooi, Gerrit A. Meijjer, Gert Scholten, Hans Dauwerse, Vaclav Paces, Nico van Zandwijk, Gert Jan B. van Ommen, Peter Demant
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Colon Exhibit Distinct Patterns of Genome Instability and Oncogenesis
Authors: Austin M. Dulak, Steven E. Schumacher, Jasper van Lieshout, Yu Imamura, Cameron Fox, Byoungyong Shim, Alex H. Ramos, Gordon Saksena, Sylvan C. Baca, Jose Baselga, Josep Tabernero, Jordi Barretina, Peter C. Enzinger, Giovanni Corso, Franco Roviello, Lin Lin, Santhoshi Bandla, James D. Luketich, Arjun Pennathur, Matthew Meyerson, Shuji Ogino, Ramesh A. Shivdasani, David G. Beer, Tony E. Godfrey, Rameen Beroukhim, Adam J. Bass
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A more detailed understanding of the somatic genetic events that drive gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas is necessary to improve diagnosis and therapy. Using data from high-density genomic profiling arrays, we conducted an analysis of somatic copy-number aberrations in 486 gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas including 296 esophageal and gastric cancers. Focal amplifications were substantially more prevalent in gastric/esophageal adenocarcinomas than colorectal tumors. We identified 64 regions of significant recurrent amplification and deletion, some shared and others unique to the adenocarcinoma types examined. Amplified genes were noted in 37% of gastric/esophageal tumors, including in therapeutically targetable kinases such as ERBB2, FGFR1, FGFR2, EGFR, and MET, suggesting the potential use of genomic amplifications as biomarkers to guide therapy of gastric and esophageal cancers where targeted therapeutics have been less developed compared with colorectal cancers. Amplified loci implicated genes with known involvement in carcinogenesis but also pointed to regions harboring potentially novel cancer genes, including a recurrent deletion found in 15% of esophageal tumors where the Runt transcription factor subunit RUNX1 was implicated, including by functional experiments in tissue culture. Together, our results defined genomic features that were common and distinct to various gut-derived adenocarcinomas, potentially informing novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4383–93. ©2012 AACR.
Staphylococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Type C: Further Characterization
Authors: Patrick M. Schlievert, Julia A. Kelly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C was purified by differential precipitation with ethanol and resolubilization in water followed by thin-layer isoelectric focusing. The purified toxin migrated as a homogeneous protein when re-electrofocused in Polyacrylamide (isoelectric point, 7.2), when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (molecular weight, 22 000 daltons), and when reacted against hyperimmune antisera in an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion plate. A 2200-fold purification of the toxin could be obtained. Pyrogenic exotoxin C was elaborated by all of 44 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome when the strains were tested in a blind manner, but five of 37 control isolates produced toxin (p < 0.001). Furthermore, all of 91 additional isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome from diverse geographic locations were positive for toxin. In contrast, 158 of 609 (26%) S. aureus isolates not associated with toxic shock syndrome and none of 22 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were positive for pyrogenic exotoxin type C. The biological properties of pyrogenic exotoxin C included pyrogenicity, enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin shock, enhancement of skin reactivity to give a positive Dick reaction, suppression of IgM synthesis, and nonspecific T-lymphocyte mitogenicity.
Delayed Epiphyseal Closure Attributable to Androgen Deficiency
Authors: C. VAN DE WIELE, K. OSMANAGAOGLU, K. AUDENAERT, R. A. DIERCKX
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 31-year-old man who underwent incomplete surgical removal of a craniopharyngioma at the age of 14 years was seen because of diffuse bone pain. Clinical examination showed scarce axillary and public hair in addition to insufficiently enlarged testes. Whole-body bone scintigraphy showed persisting generalized growth plate activity, consistent with a skeletal age of a 14 to 15-year-old boy. Increased tracer accumulation at the level of the sella turcica caused by the presence of a stable residual hypophyseal tumor mass, as documented by serial CT-scans, was found. The skeletal age according to radiography of the total skeleton was in agreement with the scintigraphic findings. Because androgens initially stimulate growth and subsequently terminate growth by causing the epiphyses to fuse to the long bones (epiphyseal closure), the presented findings suggest androgen deficiency after extirpation of the craniopharyngioma at age 14 years. This was confirmed by biochemical analysis, showing a testosterone level of 0.2 nmol/L (normal, 10-40 nmol/L).
CELL PROLIFERATION KINETICS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF MAN. I. CELL RENEWAL IN COLON AND RECTUM*
Authors: Martin Lipkin, Bertrand Bell, Paul Sherlock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

third patient with a carcinoma of the rectum 8 cm proximal to the anal orifice was studied.Although all patients had carcinoma and known metastases, and had recently lost weight, they were fairly well-nourished at the time of these studies.Patient 1, a 61-year-old woman, was given intravenously
Assessing protective effect of sunscreen products
Authors: A. D Pearse, C. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1991)

arrival of the doctor, and the administration of the thrombolytic agent (either at home or in hospital), and I believe that it might well be possible to show important correlations.Drs Radford and Richards, and Dr M S Stead, state, as if it was fact, that anistreplase produces an excess of four in 1000 strokes compared with streptokinase.Is it not remarkable that the major study from which this figure derives, for which the analysis is still incomplete, has been announced to the world and yet not published, and that our information is being received at second hand through the medium of a medical journalist, however distinguished and amusing'?Without being able to see the original data relating to analysis of the whole of the study it is premature to
Assessment of Pulmonary Photoscanning and Angiography in Experimental Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER, PAUL HARSANYI, GEORGE RIUS-GARRIGA, MICHEL GUISAN, GLEN A. LANDIS, AUGUST MIALE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The diagnostic reliability and specificity of pulmonary angiography and perfusion photoscanning were examined by applying both technics in two series of dogs: one subjected to multiple small pulmonary emboli; the other, to massive embolization. Interpretations of the angiograms and photoscans by two observers were correlated with each other and autopsy data. Analysis disclosed a high degree of agreement between the two technics. Application of both technics, however, led to a greater incidence and accuracy of embolic detection than either method provided alone. Both technics were subject to interpretive errors leading to false positive and false negative diagnoses. The factors promoting such errors are discussed. It is concluded that the two technics are complementary, not competitive, and that each is least reliable in detecting emboli at the extremes of size.
Genome-Wide Mapping of Cellular Protein–RNA Interactions Enabled by Chemical Crosslinking
Authors: Xiaoyu Li, Jinghui Song, Chengqi Yi
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract RNA–protein interactions influence many biological processes. Identifying the binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remains one of the most fundamental and important challenges to the studies of such interactions. Capturing RNA and RBPs via chemical crosslinking allows stringent purification procedures that significantly remove the non-specific RNA and protein interactions. Two major types of chemical crosslinking strategies have been developed to date, i.e., UV-enabled crosslinking and enzymatic mechanism-based covalent capture. In this review, we compare such strategies and their current applications, with an emphasis on the technologies themselves rather than the biology that has been revealed. We hope such methods could benefit broader audience and also urge for the development of new methods to study RNA−RBP interactions.