tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
genes as primary determinants of population level lateralisation
Authors: miguel l. concha
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

vallortigara &amp; rogers (v&amp;r) propose a fundamental role of the environment in determining population-level lateralisation and suggest that genes play no primary function in this phenomenon. here i argue that genes involved in the coordination of visceral organ laterality and in coupling of different forms of lateralisation do play a role in the control of lateralisation within the population.
The Natural History of Mild Congenital Aortic Stenosis in Patients Studied by Serial Left Heart Catheterization.
Authors: Lawrence Sanford Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968The Natural History of Mild Congenital Aortic Stenosis in Patients Studied by Serial Left Heart Catheterization.Lawrence Sanford Cohen, M.D., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Ross Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Andrew G. Morrow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Lawrence Sanford Cohen, M.D., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Ross Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Andrew G. Morrow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1152_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn important unanswered question concerning the natural history of congenital aortic stenosis is whether mild obstruction in asymptomatic children progresses to severe obstruction in later life. Eighteen patients with congenital aortic stenosis found to have mild to moderate obstruction at left heart catheterization when first studied between 1957 and 1962 were recalled for study in 1967. One patient had died suddenly. In six patients a significant increase in the degree of obstruction to left ventricular outflow was found, that is, the left ventricular-aortic gradient increased by more than 30 mm Hg, or the outflow orifice area declined to below 0.6... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lawrence Sanford Cohen, M.D.; Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.; John RossJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.; Andrew G. Morrow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySerial hemodynamic observations in congenital valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosisSerial Hemodynamic Observations in Asymptomatic Children with Valvar Aortic Stenosis 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1152-1153KeywordsCatheterizationChildrenHeartLongitudinal studiesStenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Characteristics of the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs' toxicity information databases.
Authors: K L Dearfield, J A Quest, R J Whiting, H F Stack, M D Waters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) requires that data from toxicity testing be submitted to the OPP to support the registration of pesticide chemicals. Once the toxicity data are submitted, they are entered into various toxicity databases. The studies are listed in an archival database to catalog and allow retrieval of the study for review. Reviews of toxicity studies are then placed into a separate database that can be retrieved to support a regulatory position. Toxicity information for health effects other than cancer and gene mutations from chronic exposure is reviewed through a reference dose (RfD) approach, and these decisions and supporting data are entered into an RfD database. Carcinogenicity data are reviewed by a peer review process, and these decisions are entered into a newly developed database to show the regulatory decision with supporting data. The mutagenicity data are reviewed and acceptable data are entered into the Genetic Activity Profile system to catalog and display the submitted information. These databases contain the information used for hazard evaluations as part of the OPP review of pesticide chemicals.
How the unmanageability of the internet might play out
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

For a vision of the future, think WikiLeaks plus the British tabloid press



The motion being debated was “The private lives of public figures deserve more protection from the press,” and Max Mosley, former Formula One boss, was describing the devastating effects of the News of the World ’s revelations about his sex life.

Although he’d won his legal case against the newspaper for breaching his privacy, two years later Mosley was still trying to get some of the offending material removed from the internet. Policing the internet, commiserated fellow debater Rachel Atkins, was “unmanageable.” 

This was a revealing admission from a partner of Schillings, a legal firm that includes reputation management among its offerings. Seeking injunctions, and “superinjunctions,” to stop publication of stories about its celebrity clients is its stock in trade. If allegations do escape into the public domain, quick legal action can dissuade other newspapers from repeating them. But on the internet it can be hard to locate a stable door, let alone close …
Leading academic calls for shake-up in NICE procedures
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has been attacked for the lack of transparency in the way it makes its decisions and how it informs the drug industry of the process.

Ian Kennedy, a leading medicolegal lawyer and former chairman of the Healthcare Commission, has outlined the need for a major shake-up in the way NICE carries out—and communicates—its role. His 52 page report was due to go to NICE’s council meeting on Wednesday 22 July.

His gives 25 recommendations to try to increase understanding of the organisation’s role, improve the way it handles innovations (from drugs and devices to psychological therapies), and how best to build confidence in its processes among the public and the pharmaceutical industry.

Among his proposals is the need for better communication from NICE about its processes. He also suggests that, although NICE should continue to base its decisions on approaches such as the incremental cost …
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a clinical study of 12 episodes in 11 patients.
Authors: H Reyes, L Sandoval, A Wainstein, J Ribalta, S Donoso, G Smok, H Rosenberg, M Meneses
Journal: Gut (1994)

Twelve episodes of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) were diagnosed in 11 patients during the past 18 years in a general hospital in Santiago, Chile, with a prevalence of 1 per 15,900 deliveries. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy started between the 31st and 38th weeks of pregnancy, with malaise, vomiting, jaundice, and lethargy as the main clinical manifestations. Polydipsia (in nine episodes) and skin pruritus (in seven episodes) were unusual clinical findings. In two patients, pruritus started two and four weeks before AFLP, suggesting that an intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy preceded AFLP in those patients. Considering the current prevalence of both diseases in Chile, their association should be considered fortuitous. In another patient, two consecutive pregnancies were affected by AFLP, raising to three the number of reported patients with recurrent AFLP. In 11 episodes, liver biopsies supported the diagnosis of AFLP by showing small and midsized vacuolar cytoplasmic transformation as the most prominent histopathological feature. Positive intracellular fat staining was found in the four samples analysed. Studies by electron microscopy showed megamitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions in four samples. All the mothers survived, but fetal mortality was 58.3%. Several extrahepatic complications delayed maternal recovery for up to four weeks after delivery. This study confirms an improvement in maternal prognosis in AFLP, discusses the possibility of an epidemiological association with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and increases the number of patients reported with recurrent AFLP.
Ulcerogenic Tumor of the Pancreas
Authors: R. M. Zollinger, G. N. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Ulcerogenic tumors of the pancreas are uncommon. They may be implicated in approximately 10% of problem ulcers. The high incidence of malignancy and the frequency of multiple benign adenomas make total gastrectomy the most effective treatment. Proof of a gastrin-like hormone in these tumors as well as in their metastases emphasizes the role of a pancreatic hormone in peptic ulcer. Further identification of the hormone gastrin may lead to more effective measures in the control of the peptic ulcer.
TWIST OF THE PEDICLE OF OVARIAN CYST COMPLICATING PREGNANCY.A CLINICAL LECTURE.
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Gentlemen:</h3> As our patient is anesthetized, we will proceed at once with the operation for the removal of the abdominal tumor, which you see we have here, and will read the history of the case later. Note that the peritoneum is slate-colored, as it always is with blood under it, and that on opening it a quantity of bloody serum runs out. Now that I retract the edges of the incision, note the color of the tumor, which presents slate in some places and deep cherry in others. I have now tapped the cyst and, as you see, the contents are bloody. I gradually deliver the cyst as it is emptied, and you note the numerous but easily separated adhesions. Through these adhesions these cysts are sometimes nourished after the pedicle has been completely divided by twisting. Now I deliver the tumor and show you here the twist in the pedicle which accounts for the blood in the tumor, as well as for that in the peritoneal cavity.
Liver and Pancreas Scans
Authors: J. Michael Uszler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Capurro and Gray (229:763, 1964), regarding protection against chemical exposure, implied both that the liver and pancreas scan was abnormal and that this abnormality might be indicative of organ damage. I suggest caution regarding the interpretation of such scans. The liver scan shows the technical artifacts of excessive optical density, respiratory motion, and time-constant scalloping, with the additional suggestion of excessive contrast enhancement. These factors could easily account for the suggested diminution in liver size and the "irregular concave profile" of the lower margin of the liver. No further commentary regarding this type of abnormality has been made by the authors.<sup>1,2</sup> The pancreas scan displayed "uneven isotope uptake" but here also technical factors can lead to improper observation of radionuclide distribution.<sup>3</sup>It does appear true that an "abnormal" pancreas scan does represent at least a 50% chance of carcinoma and close to
Is bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy a therapeutic option in lung cancer?
Authors: K. Moghissi, K. Dixon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

This study addresses whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a valid therapeutic option in lung cancer treatment. A total of 24 articles were reviewed in two categories: advanced (G1) and early (G2) disease. Details considered included the following: 1) number of patients in each series; 2) staging; 3) methodology; 4) mortality; 5) morbidity; 6) survival; 7) relief of symptoms; and 8) concomitant treatments. G1 (636 patients) had severe endobronchial obstructive cancer and PDT was primarily for symptom relief. G2 (517 patients) had early stage cancer and were treated with PDT for curative intent. There was no procedure-related mortality in either group. G1 had a 5–28% incidence of skin sensitivity. Haemoptysis occurred in two series; one fatal, an incidence of 2.2%. Almost all patients had symptomatic relief. Patients with lower disease stage and better performance status had improved survival rates. G2 had a 8–28% incidence of sunburn. Three patients in one series (38 patients) had haemoptysis. Survival after 5 yrs in complete remission/response patients was 70%. This review suggests that bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy has indications in selected lung cancer patients with early or advanced stage disease. However, in the absence of a formal comparative study, no claim can be made of its superiority over other endobronchial therapies.
Letter: Defence of the french language.
Authors: W Stoddart
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Two months after it was firstly reported, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has already spread worldwide. However, the vast majority of reported infections have occurred in China. To assess the effect of early travel restrictions adopted by the health authorities in China, we have implemented an epidemic metapopulation model that is fed with mobility data corresponding to 2019 and 2020. This allows to compare two radically different scenarios, one with no travel restrictions and another in which mobility is reduced by a travel ban. Our findings indicate that <i>i)</i> travel restrictions are an effective measure in the short term, however, <i>ii)</i> they are ineffective when it comes to completely eliminate the disease. The latter is due to the impossibility of removing the risk of seeding the disease to other regions. Our study also highlights the importance of developing more realistic models of behavioral changes when a disease outbreak is unfolding.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression by human pituitary tumors in vitro.
Authors: J M Alexander, A Klibanski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

An important question in the pathogenesis and regulation of human gonadotroph adenomas is whether heterogeneous gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are due to dysregulation of GnRH receptor biosynthesis and/or cell-signaling pathways. We investigated gonadotropin responsiveness to pulsatile GnRH in 13 gonadotroph adenomas. All tumors had evidence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta and alpha subunit biosynthesis using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) techniques. Four tumors significantly increased gonadotropin and/or free subunit secretion during pulsatile 10(-8) M GnRH administration. The GnRH antagonist Antide (10(-6) to 10(-8) M) blocked secretory increases in all GnRH-responsive tumors. Gonadotropin and/or free subunit secretion increased after 60 mM KCl, confirming that GnRH nonresponsiveness was not due to intracellular gonadotropin depletion. We hypothesized that GnRH nonresponsiveness in these tumors may be due to GnRH receptor (GnRH-Rc) biosynthetic defects. RTPCR analyses detected GnRH-Rc transcripts only in responsive tumors and normal human pituitary. This is the first demonstration of a cell-surface receptor biosynthetic defect in human pituitary tumors. We conclude (a) one third of gonadotroph tumors respond to pulsatile GnRH in vitro, (b) GnRH-Rc mRNA is detected in human gonadotroph adenomas and predicts GnRH responsiveness, and (c) GnRH-Rc biosynthetic defects may underlie GnRH nonresponsiveness in gonadotroph tumors.
PARATHORMONE DOSAGE AND SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC HYPERPARATHYROIDISM LEADING TO OSTITIS FIBROSA
Authors: Aaron Bodansky, Henry L. Jaffe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. On a low calcium intake hypercalcemia tended to disappear in chronic hyperparathyroidism on a given dose of parathormone (as large as 6 units per kg.), apparently due to the reduction of a readily available calcium reserve. An increase of either the calcium intake or of the daily dose of parathormone caused a rise of serum calcium and symptoms of overdosage. 2. Hypocalcemia developed in chronic hyperparathyroidism in young puppies on a low calcium diet. Tetany occurred at a calcium level which was higher and a phosphorus level which was lower than in tetania parathyreopriva of young puppies. About 0.1 gm. of calcium daily was apparently sufficient to maintain the serum calcium at a normal level. 3. The serum phosphorus in chronic hyperparathyroidism in young puppies continued at or rose above the high level normal for young animals. Toward the end of long periods of treatment on large parathormone doses (about 5 units per kg.) serum phosphorus approached normal levels, pronounced hypercalcemia was absent but hypotonia and other symptoms of hyperparathyroidism were present. 4. A single dose of parathormone caused early in the treatment and on liberal calcium intakes a more marked relative rise of serum calcium than in normal adult dogs, confirming previous observations (5, 8). Later in the treatment and on low calcium intakes this effect was greatly reduced. Serum phosphorus rose after a single injection of parathormone, even when the effect on the serum calcium was slight or absent. 5. The continued effect of parathormone on serum calcium after prolonged periods of treatment, and the modified response of the serum phosphorus indicate tolerance due to some compensation, rather than immunity. 6. The bone lesions, presenting the essential features of ostitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease) in varying degrees of severity, depending on the relation of the parathormone dose to the calcium intake and to the duration of the treatment, were most prominent on low calcium intakes, which permitted the use of large doses of parathormone without fatal hypercalcemia and without symptoms of overdosage. 7. Clinical and experimental hyperparathyroidism are compared and discussed.
Countersigning of forms
Authors: C. R. Nunan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> A multitude of studies have attempted to characterize the antibody response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 virus on a linear peptide level by utilizing peptide microarrays. These studies have helped to identify epitopes that have potential to be used for diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals, however the immunological responses of individuals who have received the currently available mRNA vaccines have not been characterized. We aimed to identify linear peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicited high IgA or IgG binding activity and compare the immunoreactivity of infected individuals to those who received recommended doses of either the Moderna mRNA-1273 or Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccines by utilizing peptide microarrays. Our results revealed peptide epitopes of significant IgG binding among recently infected individuals, many of which are located near functional domains implicated in the high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated individuals were found to have less intense antibody binding activity than those acutely infected, yet novel markers of IgG binding were identified in the vaccinated group.
The Detection of Arsenic in Beer and Brewing Material
Authors: S. Delepine
Journal: BMJ (1901)

IMB Jo AzA8and four weeks before admission paresis of the lower limbs begani, witlh numbness and tingling.These symptoms increased gradually, later affecting the upper limbs also, tlhough to a less extent.AIl attack of gastric disturbance with jaundice shortly preceded admissioni.The previous health and family history were satisfactory.Tlhere was no history of alcoholism or of any other possible cause for Iher symptoms except the influenza.Under treatment by massage there was rapid diminution of the cedeima and gradual improvement in regard to the pain, and gradual r-eturn of muscle power.The massage was kept up for teai weeks, by which time the patient was able to walk about the ward, and she went lhonme alnmost well.* thie quaintity ot copper rewaininiig the Same1s.
Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of oxygen consumption in conscious dogs.
Authors: W Shen, X Xu, M Ochoa, G Zhao, M S Wolin, T H Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of O2 consumption was studied in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. A specific NO synthesis inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (NLA, 30 mg/kg i.v.), significantly increased mean arterial pressure from 100 +/- 4 to 134 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) and total peripheral resistance by 157 +/- 16% and reduced cardiac output by 47 +/- 3% and heart rate by 34 +/- 6% after 120 minutes. Changes in arterial blood gases were not observed. There were significant changes in PO2 (-14 +/- 2 mm Hg), O2 saturation (-21 +/- 2%), the percentage of hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin (-21 +/- 2%), and O2 content (-3.0 +/- 0.9 vol%) and a significant increase in percent reduced hemoglobin (21 +/- 1%) in mixed venous blood, associated with an increase in O2 extraction (5.1 +/- 0.2 vol%) (all P &lt; .01). O2 consumption was increased from 124 +/- 6 to 155 +/- 9 mL/min (P &lt; .05). Methoxamine, titrated to have hemodynamic effects similar to those of NLA (eg, mean arterial pressure increased from 97 +/- 4 to 131 +/- 5 mm Hg), had much smaller effects on venous blood gases, hemoglobin, and O2 extraction (2.3 +/- 0.7 vol%) and no significant effect on O2 consumption. NLA also caused an increase in O2 consumption of 37 +/- 8% (P &lt; .01) in quietly resting conscious dogs that had undergone pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine, but no significant change in O2 consumption in dogs anesthetized with barbiturate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age discrimination in UK healthcare will become unlawful in October
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A ban on discriminating against people on the grounds of their age when providing healthcare or social care will come into force in the United Kingdom in October.

The Conservative led coalition government has decided to bring into force the ban on age discrimination in services and the exercise of public functions, enacted in the previous Labour government’s Equality Act 2010 but not yet implemented.

The new law will outlaw, for example, blanket age limits for particular treatments and failure to refer, purely on the basis of age, older people for treatments …
GENOME-WIDE LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF CAROTID ARTERY LUMEN DIAMETER IN AMERICAN INDIANS: THE STRONG HEART FAMILY STUDY
Authors: Jonathan N. Bella, Shelley Cole, Sandy Laston, Laura Almasy, Anthony Comuzzie, Elisa Lee, Lyle Best, Richard Fabsitz, Barbara Howard, Mary Roman, Richard B. Devereux, Harald H.H. G&ouml;ring
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Remarks on the State Medicine Qualification
Authors: H. W. Rumsey
Journal: BMJ (1873)

Now that the University of Dublin has not only instituted a diploma in State Medicine, but also granted it to some accom- plished and distinguished scholars, while the older English universities Cambridge notably-have recommended the like addition to their degrees, it is obvious that this question, so long a matter of speculation and inquiry, is at last fairly landed on the firm ground of experiment.A very recent notice of motion in the Council of the English College of Surgeons shows that our corporate bodies have be- gan to recognise the necessity of a qualification, which cannot reasonably or safely be included in their ordinary licenses.It seems, therefore, that the British Medical Association, in its Public Miedicine Section, is bound to take this important matter fairly into consideration.After the prolonged and thorough inquiry made by the General Medical Council in i868, 1869, and I870, the subject can hardly be considered foreign to our objects and deliberations.This section may not be fully aware of the steps ..lready taken, and the resolutions passed by the General Medical Council on this question, or even that the proceedings of that body origin- ated in the following memorial presented to the Council by our own State Medicine Committee.That, whereas there is at the present time no sufficient guarantee for the general competency
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN CHANGES OF PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND VESSEL REMODELING BETWEEN PROGRESSION AND REGRESSION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS DURING STATINS THERAPY: SUB-ANALYSIS OF TRUTH STUDY
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nozue, Shingo Yamamoto, Shinichi Tohyama, Shigeo Umezawa, Tomoyuki Kunishima, Akira Sato, Shogo Miyake, Youichi Takeyama, Yoshihiro Morino, Takao Yamauchi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Kiyoshi Hibi, Takashi Sozu, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Ichiro Michishita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)