tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular regulation in friend virus induced erythroleukemia. Studies with anemic mice of genotype SI/SI(d)
Authors: D McCool, TW Mak, A Bernstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Genetically anemic SI/SI(d) mice have been shown previously to have a defective hematopoietic environment which prevents extensive erythroid differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem cells and also confers resistance to the erythroleukemia-inducing virus, Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). In this study, we show that the relative resistance of SI/SI(d) mice to transformation by SFFV is not due to the inability of SFFV to replicate, nor is it because SFFV cannot transform erythroid cells, in the spleens of these mice. Injection of syngeneic +/+ mouse spleen cells, previously infected in vivo with SFFV, into secondary SI/SI(d) recipients resulted in marked splenic enlargement, and the appearance of large numbers of erythropoietin (Epo)-independent erythroid colonies in plasma clot culture. The cellular proliferation observed in these SI/SI(d) secondary recipients appeared to be due to infection and transformation of host SI/SI(d) cells rather than the growth of possible tumor colony-forming units (TCFU) present in the infected +/+ spleens, because preirradiation of the SI/SI(d) recipients abolished the splenomegaly and appearance of Epo- independent erythroid colonies. Furthermore, prior irradiation (1,200 rads) of donor spleen cells from SFFV-infected +/+ mice only slightly reduced spleen focus formation in unirradiated SI/SI(d) recipients. The conclusion that SI/SI(d) target cells could be infected and transformed by SFFV was confirmed directly by injecting a high titered preparation of SFFV into SI/SI(d) mice. SI/SI(d) mice were not absolutely resistant to infection or transformation by SFFV. Nevertheless, cells from the spleens of SFFV-infected mice were unable to form tumor colonies (TCFU) in irradiated SI/SI(d) recipients, suggesting that TCFU are either present at an undetectably low frequency in these spleens, or that they are still subject to the regulatory influences of the Steel locus.
New Type of Allergic Asthma due to IgG "Reaginic" Antibody
Authors: D. H. Bryant, M. W. Burns, L. Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This study was undertaken to examine the possibility that IgE is not the only immunoglobulin responsible for immediate allergic reactions. A group of asthmatics were investigated in whom immediate allergic reactivity of the bronchi to common inhalant allergens had been confirmed by provocation tests. Their sera were fractionated and the reaginic activity of the immunoglobulin classes was studied by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis testing in monkeys. The results showed that the immediate allergic reactions were due to IgE antibodies in most patients, but there was a group with reactions due to short-term anaphylactic IgG antibodies. It was not possible to inhibit the IgG-mediated responses with disodium cromoglycate. As these two groups had clearly different serum IgE levels the estimation of IgE provided an important guide to the management of these patients.
Yet Another Look at Medical Cost Inflation
Authors: Paul S. Jellinek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Economists have been arguing for some time that the reason costs in the medical sector of the economy are rising so rapidly is that the medical market is inefficient. Some argue that it is inherently inefficient and advocate a regulatory approach to cost control; others maintain that the inefficiencies are attributable to artificial market imperfections (such as fee-for-service and retrospective payment, tax incentives to overinsure, and entry barriers to the manpower market) and advocate restructuring the market to make it more competitive.1 Probably both groups are right, up to a point. However, neither group has had much success in getting . . .
Effect of percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone on adrenocortical responsiveness in infants with severe skin disease
Authors: M. TURPEINEN, O.P. SALO, S. LEISTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was studied in 18 children (aged from 6 weeks to 14½ years) with atopic or seborrhoeic dermatitis, by measuring their serum cortisol before and after application of 1% hydrocortisone cream. Endogenous secretion of cortisol was suppressed with dexamethasone. A 24 h absorption test was performed on nine children. In six, percutaneous absorption was detected. The highest serum cortisol level was reached within the first 6 h. A 4 h absorption test was developed on the basis of the 24 h test. This short absorption test was performed on nine children, and in eight of them absorption of hydrocortisone was detected. The rise of serum cortisol ranged from 98 to 2669 nmol/1. The 2 h ACTH test was performed to evaluate the effect of previous treatment with topical glucocorticoids. Suppressed adrenocortical function was found in five of 13 children, and was associated significantly with high post‐application serum cortisol levels. This occured more often in infants with a severe skin disorder than in older children or in those with mild or moderate skin disease.
ACUTE IODISM AFTER INSTILLATION OF IODIZED OIL
Authors: S. Leon Israel
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the report by J. O. Firth relative to acute iodism following a faulty iodized oil instillation (tracheal) inThe Journal, January 14, it is interesting to note a case of an exactly similar nature that occurred in a young woman in the medical service of Dr. Abraham I. Rubenstone. At 10 a. m., January 13, Miss K., aged 22, in a good state of health, was prepared for a diagnostic study of the bronchi with iodized oil. The pharynx and hypopharynx were cocainized by topical application of 20 per cent cocaine hydrochloride solution. Twenty cubic centimeters of fresh, warm iodized poppy-seed oil 40 per cent was slowly injected at the base of the tongue and the patient requested to breath deeply. The procedure seemed to be progressing in the accustomed manner, with the exception that the patient was distinctly observed to swallow three times
Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Treatise
Authors: Richard L. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>Lung Cancer:</h3> <i>A Comprehensive Treatise</i>is a well-defined and -organized although at times wordy monograph on the subject. The impetus to develop this publication came from the four editors, who are members of the chest oncology group at the University of Chicago Medical Center. In addition to those four editors, 27 chapters, 39 contributors, and 452 pages constitute this publication, all of which seem excessive. The treatise is divided into four major divisions: "Basic Principles" (of cancer diagnosis and treatment), "Non—Small Cell Lung Cancer," "Small Cell Lung Cancer," and "Supportive Care." The areas where the subject matter appears the least disciplined and restricted are in the chapters on "Basic Principles." Information is presented that may not have much application to the specific understanding of lung cancer and its diagnosis and treatment. However, such subjects, which include a two-page chapter on the multimodality approach; a chapter each on pathology and biology
The effect of dexamethasone and glucagon on the expression of hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins during development
Authors: Yoram Bujanover, Sergio Amarri, Emanuel Lebenthal, James K. Petell
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The regulation of different maturational processes in the liver is believed to be influenced by the hormonal system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two hormones, glucagon and dexamethasone, on levels of plasma membrane proteins in rat liver cells during late fetal and early postnatal stages of development. For this purpose, 18-day-old rat fetuses and 1-day-old newborns were treated with glucagon or dexamethasone and killed at 22 days of gestation and 3, 5 and 7 days of age, respectively. Postnuclei liver membranes were isolated using a sucrose gradient method and assessed for levels of specific membrane proteins. Asialoglycoprotein receptor and 110,000 Mr glycoprotein, denoted GP 110, representing the sinusoidal and bile canalicular domains, respectively, were quantitated using the immunoblot method. Membrane enzymes alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and γ-glutamyl transferase were evaluated using enzymatic methods. The data showed that glucagon and dexamethasone have a differential effect on membrane constituents according to the stage of development. Glucagon increased the levels of membrane enzymes during the late fetal stage but had no effect on liver membrane proteins in the newborn animal. In contrast, although dexamethasone elevated GP 110 in fetal rat livers, none of the other marker proteins was significantly affected. On the other hand, in newborns dexamethasone reduced the amount of asialoglycoprotein receptor and alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase enzyme activities but greatly augmented the level of γ-glutamyl transferase. Thus, glucagon primarily affects plasma membrane proteins in late gestation while dexamethasone does so during the early postnatal period. The roles that these two hormones may play during ontogeny is discussed with respect to liver development.
NUTRITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: R. McCarrison
Journal: BMJ (1936)

This is an historic occasion.The inauguration of the Section of Nutrition is the recognition by the Association that the science of nutrition is an integral part of medicine.Last among the sections, it is not the least ; indeed, the day is not far distant when, instead of one morning being devoted to its work, it will rank with the section of medicine as a three-day fixture.For with the rapid increase in knowledge it becomes more and more apparent that the science of nutrition is the foundation of a more rational medicine.It is to be hoped that on future
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in two stowaways.
Authors: D P D'Cruz
Journal: BMJ (1986)

strategy aimed at reducing coronary heart disease.This high risk approach is complementary to the population strategy.More information is needed concerning the best means of identifying men and women who are at high risk of coronary heart disease because of factors that can be usefully modified.The data from Professor Shaper and colleagues could usefully contribute to this dis- cussion if multivariate analysis were performed which examined the effect of such factors rather than one which included several irreversible attributes.In particular it would be helpful to have comparable estimates of the sensitivity of the prediction of coronary heart disease in their data, if cholesterol had been included in the risk score and some irreversible indices had been excluded.
David John Chapman
Authors: C. Haywood
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Radiologist Henderson General Hospital and Chedoke Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 1952-84 (b Wallington, Surrey, 1922; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1945; DMRD, FRCPC), died from pulmonary fibrosis on 8 August 2003.

He served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve as a surgeon lieutenant from 1946 to 1948.
Twelve-week posttreatment follow-up predicts a sustained virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Alessio Aghemo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Stella De Nicola, Massimo Colombo
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The article by Martinot-Peignoux and colleagues1 nicely demonstrates that testing for serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA with the highly sensitive transcription-mediated amplification assay [lower limit of detection (LOD) = 9.6 IU/mL] 12 weeks after the end of a treatment period with pegylated interferon (PegIFN) and ribavirin (Rbv) is as effective as the standard 24-week posttreatment completion measurement for assessing sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Although we acknowledge that anticipating the response to therapy is likely to positively affect the management of HCV patients, we think that it is important to externally validate these results even with less sensitive commercially available HCV RNA assays. To answer this question, we analyzed two cohorts of consecutively treated naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C in whom different HCV RNA assays were used to determine the viral response during treatment and follow-up. The first cohort, consisting of 431 patients of any HCV genotype treated with either PegIFN-alfa2a/Rbv or PegIFN-alfa2b/Rbv (Milan Safety Tolerability study),2 was tested during and after treatment with a qualitative HCV RNA assay with a lower LOD of 50 IU/mL (COBAS Amplicor HCV test version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics).3 The second cohort consisted of 72 HCV-1 and HCV-4 patients who were consecutively treated with PegIFN-alfa2a/Rbv and evaluated with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with an LOD of 15 IU/mL (COBAS TaqMan 2.0, Roche Diagnostics).4 Both cohorts were followed up for at least 12 months after treatment completion, and they showed no hepatitis relapse after the achievement of SVR by the 24-week posttreatment time point, the SVR rates being 60% and 44%, respectively. With both assays, undetectable HCV RNA during week 12 of the posttreatment follow-up had a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for SVR, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that very closely mimicked those reported by Martinot-Peignoux et al. in their study (Table 1). In our experience, during week 12 of follow-up, HCV RNA testing using assays less sensitive than the one used by Martinot-Peignoux and colleagues provided reliable estimates of SVR to PegIFN/Rbv therapy in naïve patients. Whether this holds true also for the retreatment of patients who have failed a previous course of interferon-based therapy remains to be established. Alessio Aghemo MD*, Maria Grazia Rumi MD*, Stella De Nicola MD*, Massimo Colombo MD*, * A. M. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, First Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Tumoral Calcinosis
Authors: PAUL D. MITNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We have recently seen a patient with tumoral calcinosis, a syndrome comprising hyperphosphatemia, normocalcemia, normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and extensive periarticular calcific masses. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency or target organ resistance was ruled out by demonstration of normal serum PTH and urinary 3′5′ cyclic AMP excretion and normal response to exogenous PTH and to endogenous stimulation by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. An intrinsic proximal tubular defect allowing enhanced renal PO4 reabsorption was probably present because there was no phosphaturic response to acetazolamine and renal PO4 threshold remained abnormally elevated even after PTH infusion. We then studied the mechanism by which serum calcium level is maintained in the normal range despite hyperphosphatemia and absence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Normal 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D was found, suggesting normal gastrointestinal calcium absorption. This, combined with markedly reduced urinary calcium excretion, perhaps a direct effect of hyperphosphatemia, may maintain calcium balance and prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism. A rise in urinary cyclic AMP excretion after furosemide-induced calciuria supports this hypothesis.
Azathioprine and penicillamine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled trial.
Authors: H Berry, S P Liyanage, R A Durance, C G Barnes, L A Berger, S Evans
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sixty-five patients, 33 receiving azathioprine and 32 receiving penicillamine, took part in a one-year, single-blind external-observer trial designed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of these two drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. By six months there was a significantly greater rise in haemoglobin and fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate among those receiving penicillamine, and by one year this difference remained only in the increase in haemoglobin levels. Fifteen patients, 10 on azathioprine and 5 on penicillamine, had to stop treatment because of side effects; 90 single side effects occurred, 48 in those on penicillamine and 42 in those on azathioprine. After one year both drugs were similar in efficacy and toxicity, but longer-term trials are needed. Both drugs were effective.
A cell-based high-throughput approach to identify inhibitors of influenza A virus
Authors: Qian Gao, Zhen Wang, Zhenlong Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Yongxin Zhang, Zhizhen Zhang, Shan Cen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Influenza is one of the most common infections threatening public health worldwide and is caused by the influenza virus. Rapid emergence of drug resistance has led to an urgent need to develop new anti-influenza inhibitors. In this study we established a 293T cell line that constitutively synthesizes a virus-based negative strand RNA, which expresses Gaussia luciferase upon influenza A virus infection. Using this cell line, an assay was developed and optimized to search for inhibitors of influenza virus replication. Biochemical studies and statistical analyses presented herein demonstrate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay in a high-throughput format (Z' factor value>0.8). A pilot screening provides further evidence for validation of the assay. Taken together, this work provides a simple, convenient, and reliable HTS assay to identify compounds with anti-influenza activity.
False Positive Rubeola IgM Tests
Authors: Sue Anne Jenkerson, Michael Beller, John P. Middaugh, Dean D. Erdman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Between June 1 and November 1, 1994, as part of an investigation of an outbreak of rubeola (measles), the Alaska State Health Department studied 57 persons with febrile illness accompanied by a rash. Efforts were made to obtain serum specimens from all persons with these symptoms during the investigation. Using an enzyme immunoassay kit for rubeola IgM approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and commercially available, the State Public Health Laboratory identified 16 specimens that were positive for rubeola IgM, indicating acute rubeola illness. After noticing that several of the 16 people with IgM-positive specimens did . . .
Epidemic Infection with Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: Harry Rubin, Patrick H. Lehan, Irene L. Doto, Tom D. Y. Chin, Ralph H. Heeren, Olive Johnson, Herbert A. Wenner, Michael L. Furcolow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A SEPTIC meningitis was a term coined in 1924 by Wallgren,1 who believed that he was describing a distinct etiologic entity. Since that time, aseptic meningitis has been shown to be due to varied conditions, including mumps, leptospirae, poliomyelitis viruses, Coxsackie viruses2 , 3 and most recently ECHO viruses.4 5 6 The cardinal manifestations of the syndrome are stiff neck, fever, headache and pleocytosis of the spinal fluid, with a predominance of lymphocytes. The Coxsackie viruses of Group B, Types 1–4, have been reported as the etiologic agent in epidemics of aseptic meningitis,7 8 9 and on several occasions Coxsackie Group B viruses have been isolated . . .
Efficacy of high doses of Botulinum toxin A for treating provoked vestibulodynia
Authors: F. Pelletier, B. Parratte, S. Penz, J-P. Moreno, F. Aubin, P. Humbert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Provoked vestibulodynia is difficult to treat. The beneficial effects of botulinum toxin A are being considered because of the muscular anomalies observed in this pathology.To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of provoked vestibulodynia.Patients aged between 18 and 60 years presenting with provoked vestibulodynia (according to the 2003 International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease classification) received 50 U of botulinum toxin A bilaterally in the bulbospongiosus muscle under electromyographic monitoring. Pain was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS), quality of life was evaluated by the Dermatology Life Quality Index and sexual function by the Female Sexual Function Index.Twenty patients received the injections. Sixteen patients presented with a muscular hyperactivity on electromyography. After 3 months, 80% of the patients improved in terms of pain. Mean ± SD VAS values significantly decreased from 8·37 ± 1·22 (range 4·5-10) to 2·57 ± 2·67 (0-9; P < 0·0001) at month 3 and to 3·90 ± 2·92 (0-9; P < 0·001) at month 6. Quality of life and sexual function improved significantly during the first 6 months (P < 0·0001). After 3 months, 13 patients (out of 18 for whom intercourse was not possible before the injections; 72%) were able to have sexual intercourse.Botulinum toxin A seems to be an effective and safe treatment for provoked vestibulodynia; 100 U botulinum toxin A significantly reduced pain 3 and 6 months after injections without side-effects. The treatment also improved quality of life and sexual function of patients. Botulinum toxin A appears to be a promising option for managing sexual pain disorder.
Normalization of serum lactic dehydrogenase in β-thalassemia patients following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Amos Toren, Reuven Or, Joseph Kapelushnik, Gabriel Chividalli, Memet Aku, Shimon Slavin, Arnon Nagler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are mildly elevated in β-thalassemia major due to ineffective erythropoiesis. We reviewed the charts of 15 consecutive thalassemic children who underwent allogeneic, T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in our department during the last 3 years. Eleven patients had successful engraftment and are alive and well without evidence of disease, according to physical examinations, blood counts, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with a median follow-up of 2 years. Two patients died due to transplantation-related complications, and two rejected the graft and received their backup autologous marrow. The LDH levels in the transplanted patients gradually decreased from an average of 952 ± 155 IU/L 10 days pre-transplant (N = 300–620) to 426 ± 56 IU/L at the day of transplantation, and stayed at approximately the same level post-transplant (489 ± 55 IU/L). By contrast, the LDH levels reverted to the pre-transplant value in those patients who rejected their marrow. The significance of this clinical observation for the pathophysiologic mechanism of intramedullary hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia major is discussed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of adalimumab treatment and psoriasis severity on self-reported work productivity and activity impairment for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: Alexa Boer Kimball, Andrew P. Yu, James Signorovitch, Jipan Xie, Magda Tsaneva, Shiraz R. Gupta, Yanjun Bao, Parvez M. Mulani
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
The real thing: How to make human DC subsets
Authors: Frederic Geissmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

![Figure][1] 

Insight from Frederic Geissmann



The developmental relationship between monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages has been well defined in mice, but human DC development is less well understood and has been hampered by the lack of a suitable culture system. Now, two