tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic screening for Chlamydia: Microbiological input is essential in Chlamydia screening programmes
Authors: C Y W. Tong
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The strand displacement amplification test used by Moens et al for Chlamydia trachomatis screening produced equivocal results in 11.2% of samples.1 Such a high rate is unacceptable.

A result could be termed equivocal if it is borderline or if a sample gives discrepant results on repeat testing. In addition, this …
Tissue Polypeptide-Specific Antigen (TPS) Determinations before and during Intermittent Maximal Androgen Blockade in Patients with Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: P.J.M. Kil, H.M.J. Goldschmidt, B.J.A. Wieggers, O.B. Kariakine, U.E. Studer, P. Whelan, J. Hetherington, Th.M. de Reijke, J.W. Hoekstra, L. Collette
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Precursor B- or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting with cutaneous involvement: A series of 13 cases including 7 cases of cutaneous T-lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Woo Jin Lee, Hye Rim Moon, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Jee Ho Choi, Kee Chan Moon, Mi Woo Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Comparison of the effect of different chitosan salts and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2)
Authors: Awie F Kotzé, Henrik L Lueßen, Bas J de Leeuw, (A)Bert G de Boer, J Coos Verhoef, Hans E Junginger
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)
Extensive Methylation Is Associated with <i>β-Catenin</i> Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence for Two Distinct Pathways of Human Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Naoshi Nishida, Takafumi Nishimura, Takeshi Nagasaka, Iwao Ikai, Goel Ajay, C. Richard Boland
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with p53 mutations is usually characterized by extensive chromosomal instability (CIN), whereas those with β-catenin mutations have relatively less CIN and the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors is unknown. Methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the promoters of cancer-related genes is another characteristic feature of HCCs. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the methylator phenotype to HCC and its relationship to genomic instability. Fractional allelic loss (FAL) was determined using 400 microsatellite markers in 81 HCCs and 77 corresponding noncancerous livers as a measure of CIN. Methylation of 21 genetic loci was quantitated using combined bisulfite restriction analysis. Using hierarchical clustering analysis based upon the quantification of methylation levels, all HCCs were segregated into two groups characterized by either limited or extensive methylation. Mutations in the β-catenin and p53 genes were determined by DNA sequencing. We found that the methylation levels were significantly higher in the HCCs than in noncancerous livers in 18 of the 21 loci (P values ranged from 0.035 to &amp;lt;0.0001). Among 18 loci, elevated levels of methylation at nine loci were significantly associated with β-catenin mutations (P values ranged from 0.02 to &amp;lt;0.0001). In addition, the presence of β-catenin mutations was associated with HCCs in the extensive methylation group (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), whereas p53 mutations correlated with high FAL scores (P = 0.0036). These data suggest that HCCs can be classified into two distinct categories based upon promoter methylation, CIN, and mutations of cancer-related genes. HCCs with extensive methylation harbor frequent β-catenin mutations, whereas HCCs with high levels of CIN are associated with p53 mutations, suggesting the presence of two independent pathways for the pathogenesis of HCC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4586–94]
Outcomes and Statistical Power in Adult Critical Care Randomized Trials
Authors: Michael O. Harhay, Jason Wagner, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Rachel S. Bronheim, Anand Gopal, Sydney Green, Elizabeth Cooney, Mark E. Mikkelsen, Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Dylan S. Small, Scott D. Halpern
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Intensive care unit (ICU)-based randomized clinical trials (RCTs) among adult critically ill patients commonly fail to detect treatment benefits.Objectives: Appraise the rates of success, outcomes used, statistical power, and design characteristics of published trials.Methods: One hundred forty-six ICU-based RCTs of diagnostic, therapeutic, or process/systems interventions published from January 2007 to May 2013 in 16 high-impact general or critical care journals were studied.Measurement and Main Results: Of 146 RCTs, 54 (37%) were positive (i.e., the a priori hypothesis was found to be statistically significant). The most common primary outcomes were mortality (n = 40 trials), infection-related outcomes (n = 33), and ventilation-related outcomes (n = 30), with positive results found in 10, 58, and 43%, respectively. Statistical power was discussed in 135 RCTs (92%); 92 cited a rationale for their power parameters. Twenty trials failed to achieve at least 95% of their reported target sample size, including 11 that were stopped early due to insufficient accrual/logistical issues. Of 34 superiority RCTs comparing mortality between treatment arms, 13 (38%) accrued a sample size large enough to find an absolute mortality reduction of 10% or less. In 22 of these trials the observed control-arm mortality rate differed from the predicted rate by at least 7.5%.Conclusions: ICU-based RCTs are commonly negative and powered to identify what appear to be unrealistic treatment effects, particularly when using mortality as the primary outcome. Additional concerns include a lack of standardized methods for assessing common outcomes, unclear justifications for statistical power calculations, insufficient patient accrual, and incorrect predictions of baseline event rates.
Results of Sputum Cytology among Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer and to Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Cesare Maltoni, Paola Lodi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The results of systematic cytological sputum examinations of 3,380 Italian VC-PVC industry workers and of 2,287 workers in other industries at different potential risk and chosen as control groups are reported. The results indicate an increase in cellular abnormalities and dysplasias in the epithelium of the respiratory tract among VC-PVC workers. These data are in line with experimental results showing that VC produces lung tumors in mice and with early epidemiological evidence among exposed workers.
A Dramatic Response to Crizotinib in a Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient with IHC-Positive and FISH-Negative ALK
Authors: Jong-Mu Sun, Yoon-La Choi, Jae-Kyung Won, Fred R. Hirsch, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Keunchil Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Heberden Oration, 1969. Rheumatoid arthritis--nature or nurture?
Authors: J S Lawrence
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Inflammatory polyarthritis 4*7 2*3 Positive SCAT or LFT 0 per cent.50 per cent.Erosive arthritis at any site 12-4 3-4 Positive SCAT or LFT 4 per cent.78 per cent.Concordance of inflammatory and erosive 1 2NS 1.4* arthritis observed Expected if random concurrence 0.5NS 0-08* * P 0 05 NS = not significant.Note: Grade 2 = minimal, grade 3 + = moderate or severe.For further discussion ofcriteria and grading in inflammtaory polyarthritis, see Lawrence and Wood (1968).
Pre-procedure Administration of C1 Esterase Inhibitor (Human) (Cinryze™) for the Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks after Medical, Dental, or Surgical Procedures
Authors: W.R. Lumry, P. Busse, J. Baker, M. Davis-Lorton, D. Hurewitz, J.A. Grant, M. White, I. Kalfus
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Biclonal low grade B‐cell lymphoma confirmed by both flow cytometry and karyotypic analysis, in spite of a normal kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio
Authors: J.P. Delville, P. Heimann, H. El Housni, M. Boutriaux, A. Jeronnez, M. Remmelink, J. Lasudry, O. Pradier, A. Kentos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Composite low grade lymphoma with two subpopulations in a same site is uncommon. We herewith report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman who presented with isolated bilateral dacryoadenomegaly. Pathological examination of an incisional biopsy of her right lacrimal gland was consistent with a marginal zone lymphoma. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping showed two distinct clonal B‐cell populations expressing sIg D lambda or sIg M kappa restriction in the lacrimal gland, blood, and bone marrow. Both B‐cells populations were sorted from peripheral blood for molecular biology investigations and comparison with molecular data performed on tumor and bone marrow cells. IgH PCR performed on purified blood populations disclosed two monoclonal peaks: 98 bp‐sized peak in the sIg M kappa and a 107 bp in the sIg D lambda clones, respectively. The lacrimal gland tumor expressed mainly sIg M kappa population, and showed a major 98 bp‐sized peak coexisting with a very minor 107 bp peak. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX,del (7) (q22q32) karyotype. Bone marrow examination at diagnosis revealed the same B‐cell clones distribution than the one observed in blood with a dominant sIg D lambda population, a Genescan profile showing a major peak of 107 bp and a minor peak of 98 bp. Chromosomal analysis disclosed a 46,XX,del (10) (?p14) karyotype without detectable 7q deletion. To our knowledge, this observation represents the first reported case of biclonal low grade lymphoma hidden behind a normal classical kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio in blood, but clearly demonstrated by the combination of three ancillary techniques (flow cytometry both analytical and cell sorting, molecular biology, and cytogenetics) and analysis of different tissues (i.e., in this case, lacrimal gland biopsy, blood, and bone marrow. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Final Infarct Volumes in Patients Who Received Endovascular Therapy or Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Intracranial Large-Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Srikant Rangaraju, Kumiko Owada, Ali Reza Noorian, Raul G. Nogueira, Fadi Nahab, Brenda A. Glenn, Samir R. Belagaje, Aaron M. Anderson, Michael R. Frankel, Rishi Gupta
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Studies comparing the efficacy of intra-arterial therapy (IAT) and medical therapy in reducing final infarct volume (FIV) in intracranial large-vessel occlusions (ILVOs) are lacking.To assess whether patients with ILVOs who received IAT have smaller FIVs than patients who received either intravenous tissue plasminogen activator therapy (IVT) or no reperfusion therapy (NRT) and to determine a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) threshold score that identifies patients most likely to benefit from IAT.Retrospective cohort study of patients with ILVOs between 2009 and 2011.Two large-volume stroke centers.Adults with anterior circulation ILVOs who presented within 360 minutes from the time last seen as normal. Patients with isolated extracranial occlusions were not included.Intra-arterial therapy, IVT, or NRT.Final infarct volumes, rates of acceptable outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3 at hospital discharge, and NIHSS threshold scores.A total of 203 consecutive patients with ILVOs were evaluated. Baseline characteristics were similar among the 3 groups. The median infarct volume was significantly smaller for the IAT group (42 cm3) than for the IVT group (109 cm3; P = .001) or the NRT group (110 cm3; P < .01). A higher magnitude of infarct volume reduction in more proximal occlusions was noted in the IAT group compared with the IVT and NRT groups combined: internal carotid artery terminus (75 vs 190 cm3; P < .001), M1 middle cerebral artery (39 vs 109 cm3; P = .004), and M2 middle cerebral artery (33 vs 59 cm3; P = .04) occlusions. Patients were stratified based on NIHSS score at presentation (8-13, 14-19, and ≥20). For patients with an NIHSS score of 14 or higher at presentation, IAT significantly reduced FIV (46 cm3 with IAT vs 149 cm3 with IVT or NRT; P < .001) compared with patients with an NIHSS score of 8 to 13 (22 cm3 with IAT vs 44 cm3 with IVT or NRT; P = .40). Patients with an NIHSS score of 14 or higher who received IAT appear to benefit most from IAT.Our data suggest a greater reduction of FIV with IAT compared with either IVT or NRT. Moreover, patients with an NIHSS score of 14 or higher may be the best candidates for endovascular reperfusion therapy.
The health hazards of mobile phones
Authors: M. Maier
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Despite repeated horror stories about mobile phones in the media, nearly half of the British public now owns one. Some 500 million people worldwide use mobile phones. Clearly, they have decided that the benefits outweigh any risks to their health. The benefits to the Exchequer in the United Kingdom are also substantial—£22bn ($13.75bn)from the recent round of bids for new licences. In this context, the publication of the Report of the Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones , a group organised by the Department of Health, could have political implications.

Mobile phones are low power radio devices that transmit and receive radio frequency radiation (at frequencies in the microwave range of 900-1800 MHz) through an antenna used close to the user's head. Digital systems have recently replaced analogue. There is concern that microwaves might induce or promote cancer, and the symptoms associated with their use include sleep disturbance, memory problems, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.1 Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, electroencephalographic activity, and blood pressure have also been reported.2 The validity of many of these findings is uncertain, as are the mechanisms for such actions. …
Roles of renin–angiotensin and endothelin systems in development of diastolic heart failure in hypertensive hearts
Authors: K Yamamoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Although interest in diastolic heart failure is growing because of its clinical frequency, little is known about this type of heart failure. Our laboratory recently developed a diastolic heart failure model using Dahl salt-sensitive rat. In this model, gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme and endothelin (ET) system in the left ventricle was enhanced at heart failure stage without downregulation of angiotensin type 1a receptor mRNA level. However, the roles of these humoral systems in the transition to diastolic failure remain unclear. Methods: Subdepressor doses of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and ET type A (ETA) receptor antagonists were administered in this model just after onset of hypertension, and their effects were investigated. Results: Neither AT1 nor ETA receptor blockade inhibited the early (13 weeks) compensatory left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. This form of compensatory hypertrophy is associated with subnormal LV end-systolic stress, which was normalized by AT1 receptor blockade but not by ETA receptor blockade. Progression of LV hypertrophy and fibrosis and transition to heart failure (19 weeks) in the untreated rats were prevented by both antagonists, resulting in normalization of LV end-diastolic pressure and lung weight. AT1 receptor blockade, but not ETA receptor blockade, normalized time constant of LV relaxation. Enhanced gene expression for ET system in the left ventricle observed in the untreated rats was suppressed with AT1 receptor antagonist administration. ETA receptor blockade slightly but significantly elevated the AT1a receptor mRNA level as compared with the untreated rats. Conclusions: RAS and ET system contribute to the transition to diastolic heart failure through the development of excessive hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis in hypertensive heart diseases, however, neither RAS nor ET system is mandatory for normal compensation for pressure overload. RAS apparently causes such diastolic effects at least partly through the ET system.
Update on Chronic Granulomatous Diseases of Childhood
Authors: John I. Gallin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 19-YEAR-OLD black man presented with an autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) of childhood (47-kd cytosol protein deficiency). At age 5 years, he was evaluated for a prolonged febrile illness and was found to have a positive tuberculin skin test. He responded to therapy with isoniazid and ethambutol for presumptive tuberculosis. He did well until age 8 years, when he presented with malaise, fever, and an infiltrate in the upper part of his right lung. Bronchoscopy did not yield a diagnosis. He was treated with broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy without altering his signs and symptoms. An immunologic workup that included a nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test indicated a failure of his blood neutrophils to produce superoxide. Subsequent studies confirmed the diagnosis of CGD, as indicated by a failure of his stimulated neutrophils to consume oxygen or produce hydrogen peroxide and by defective in vitro killing of
Serum Ctla-4 And Il-10 In Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: Equivalence Of Different Induction Regimens
Authors: A. Riccio, D. Saverino, A. Rogkakou, M. Bagnasco, P. Bonadonna, G.W. Canonica, E. Ridolo, M. Severino, G. Pesce, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Computer-Based Case Tracing (COMTRAC)
Authors: Elliott F. Osserman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To assist clinical assessment and decision making, a computer-based system has been developed to organize key data of individual medical records and display these data in a standard graphic format for each disease. A program for multiple myeloma has been completed and 150 case records entered. The data accessed by computer-based case tracing on all cases of a particular disease are available for cumulative and comparative analyses of different therapeutic regimens. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1772-1776, 1978)
Classically intoxicated: correlations between quantity of alcohol consumed and alcohol related problems in a classical Greek text
Authors: Christopher C H Cook, Helen Tarbet, David Ball
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To assess the evidence for a genetic basis to magic.Design Literature review.Setting Harry Potter novels of J K Rowling.Participants Muggles, witches, wizards, and squibs.Interventions Limited.Main outcome measures Family and twin studies, magical ability, and specific magical skills.Results Magic shows strong evidence of heritability, with familial aggregation and concordance in twins.Evidence suggests magical ability to be a quantitative trait.Specific magical skills, notably being able to speak to snakes, predict the future, and change hair colour, all seem heritable.Conclusions A multilocus model with a dominant gene for magic might exist, controlled epistatically by one or more loci, possibly recessive in nature.Magical enhancers regulating gene expression may be involved, combined with mutations at specific genes implicated in speech and hair colour such as FOXP2 and MCR1. IntroductIonGenetic factors that underlie traits such as height 1 and weight 2 are currently under scrutiny using genome wide association methods, yet the detection of genes predisposing to magic has been given relatively short shrift.Using the books by J K Rowling about Harry Potter, a schoolboy wizard, to gain an insight into humans with magical abilities, one study suggested that magic is the result of a single gene. 3This assertion has been contentious, however, with another study questioning whether magic is heritable. 4We assessed the heritability of magic now that the Harry Potter series is complete with the publication of the seventh and final book. 5 According to the Harry Potter books [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] most people in the world are muggles-that is, possess no magical ability-whereas a minority are witches and wizards with magical abilities.Rarely we are introduced to squibs, offspring resulting from the non-transmission of magic within a family with magical abilities.Compared with muggles squibs have some magical ability, as they can see and interact with the magical world.When considering the genetics of magic we need to be able to explain several observations.Firstly,
Evidence-based guidelines for laboratory screening for infectious diseases before initiation of systemic immunosuppressive agents in patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses
Authors: P.J. Keith, D.A. Wetter, J.W. Wilson, J.S. Lehman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (ABD) compromise the skin's innate barrier function for preventing infection. Treating patients with ABD frequently requires systemic immunosuppressive therapy, often with multiple agents. Currently, no pretreatment infection testing guidelines are available for clinicians caring for patients with ABD. We performed a systematic literature review in other medical disciplines that use similar iatrogenic immunosuppressive medications to treat various diseases and conditions and developed infection-testing recommendations for patients with ABD before initiating immunosuppressive therapy. Assessing individual patient risk factors for latent infection and preventable communicable diseases can direct testing for select infections before starting immunosuppressive therapy. Testing patients for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is recommended before initiating rituximab treatment.
Femoral and Acetabular Photopenia Associated with Septic Hip Arthritis
Authors: BRIAN R. J. WILLIAMSON, CHRISTOPHER L. SISTROM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A morbidly obese 55-year-old man was referred for Tc- 99m diphosphonate bone scanning after his presentation to the emergency room with acute right hip pain. Examination showed decreased activity on early and delayed views in the femoral head and acetabulum on the right. Hip aspiration confirmed septic arthritis (group B streptococci). This is an example of photopenia caused by tamponade of blood flow from raised intra-articular pressure.
1113-161 Assessment of the left atrial appendage using transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Eugene Shteerman, Kumiko Hirata, Om Kapoor, Marie-Edouard N Desvarieux, Todd Pulerwitz, Khady Fall, Frank K Wanstall, Marco R Di Tullio, Shunichi Homma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Plan to improve sexual health in England lacks "teeth," say campaigners
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government has set out its long overdue plans on how healthcare commissioners and providers should cut numbers of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in England—including a greater role for family doctors in helping to curb the spread of HIV.

But sexual health charities claim that the document, which sets out a series of “ambitions” and has come almost two years later than promised, lacks any real teeth or strategic direction.

The framework for sexual health improvement in England was published on 15 March, just weeks before the commissioning of sexual health services splits three ways on 1 April.1 As part of their new public health remit, local authorities will assume responsibility for most services, including contraception and testing for …