tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Instruments for Assessing Risk of Bias and Other Methodological Criteria of Animal Studies: Omission of Well-Established Methods
Authors: Nancy B. Beck, Richard A. Becker, Alan Boobis, Dean Fergusson, John R. Fowle, Julie Goodman, Sebastian Hoffmann, Manoj Lalu, Marcel Leist, Martin L. Stephens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)
Prognosis in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Daniel J. Morris
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Curability of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Donald Pinkel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE DIAGNOSIS of cancer in children has been accompanied by a fatalistic outlook in the past. The child with cancer and his family have been a favorite subject of the thanatologists, who equate it with a "terminal" status. However, advances in the evaluation and care of childhood cancer, resulting from basic and clinical cancer research, have led to increasing periods of disease-free survival and probable cure for greater proportions of the children. <h3>Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia</h3> Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of childhood cancer. Ten years ago it was considered almost uniformly fatal, despite the temporary remissions induced by antileukemia drugs. In 1962, a treatment program was initiated in which "late" ALL was quickly converted to "early" ALL by inducing remission with prednisone and vincristine sulfate. Then, multiple antimetabolites were administered for two to three years to eliminate this "early" disease. When the major form of initial
Transfusion into the left ventricle
Authors: T. A. McLennan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An occasion may arise when open cardiac massage is necessary and possible, yet other trained personnel are not immediately available to start a transfusion or to cutdown on a suitable vessel. Rapid replacement of circulatory volume may be a sine qua non to maintain life. Such an event occurred in the emergency room when a 13-year-old boy was admitted with a stab wound of the left side of the chest. While a cutdown was being started, the boy's heart stopped. Work on the cutdown was stopped, and the chest was opened on the left side just below the nipple. The chest was full of blood and there was a hole in the pericardium. After opening the pericardium, the heart started to beat after one or two massages. It was possible to suture the three-quarter inch hole in the ventricular apex on the left side of the heart
TCT-759 Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement By a Novel Renal Biomarker
Authors: Elizabeth M. Holper, Robert A. Farkas, Harold M. Szerlip, Molly Szerlip, Morley Herbert, Ethan Ungchusri, Rebeca J. Kim, Christina Worley, Melissa Johnson, Michael Mack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Improved Outcome of Elderly Patients (≥75 Years of Age) With Acute Myocardial Infarction From 1981-1983 to 1992-1994 in Israel
Authors: Shmuel Gottlieb, Uri Goldbourt, Valentina Boyko, Gabriel Barbash, Lori Mandelzweig, Henrietta Reicher-Reiss, Shlomo Stern, Solomon Behar
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The number of elderly patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is growing rapidly, and their hospital mortality rate remains high, although mortality after AMI declined in the 1990s with the introduction of new therapeutic modalities. Methods and Results We compared the management, in-hospital complications, and 30-day and 1-year mortality rates in two cohorts of elderly (≥75 years of age) AMI patients in the coronary care units in Israel before and after the reperfusion era. The first cohort of 789 consecutive patients was from the Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israel Nifedipine Trial registry in 1981-1983; the second 366 patients came from two prospective nationwide surveys in 1992 and 1994. Reperfusion therapies were not used in 1981-1983 but were used in 1992-1994. The 30-day mortality rate declined from 38% in 1981-1983 to 27% in 1992-1994 (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.71), and the cumulative 1-year mortality rate declined from 52% to 38% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.76). In the 1992-1994 cohort, the decline in mortality was most marked in patients reperfused by thrombolysis and/or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery but was also evident in nonreperfused patients: cumulative 1-year mortality rate was 29% in the former (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.67) and 42% in the latter (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.78). Conclusions During the last decade, elderly (≥75 years) AMI patients experienced fewer in-hospital complications and lower 30-day and 1-year mortality rates, which declined ≈30%, most markedly in reperfused patients. The favorable outcome in 1992-1994 was related to changes in patient management. Reperfusion therapy is therefore also advocated in elderly AMI patients, unless specific contraindications are present.
Transdifferentiation of hepatocyte-like cells from the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line through bipotent progenitor
Authors: Virginie Cerec, Denise Glaise, Delphine Garnier, Serban Morosan, Bruno Turlin, Bernard Drenou, Philippe Gripon, Dina Kremsdorf, Christiane Guguen‐Guillouzo, Anne Corlu
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatic tumors, exhibiting mature hepatocytes and undifferentiated cells merging with cholangiocyte and hepatocyte phenotypes, are frequently described. The mechanisms by which they occur remain unclear. We report differentiation and transdifferentiation behaviors of human HepaRG cells isolated from a differentiated tumor developed consecutively to chronic HCV infection. We demonstrate that, in vitro, proliferating HepaRG cells differentiate toward hepatocyte-like and biliary-like cells at confluence. If hepatocyte-like cells are selectively isolated and cultured at high cell density, they proliferate and preserve their differentiation status. However, when plated at low density, they transdifferentiate into hepatocytic and biliary lineages through a bipotent progenitor. In accordance, transplantation of either undifferentiated or differentiated HepaRG cells in uPA/SCID mouse damaged liver gives rise mainly to functional human hepatocytes infiltrating mouse parenchyma. Analysis of the differentiation/transdifferentiation process reveals that: (1) the reversible differentiation fate of HepaRG cells is related to the absence of p21CIP1 and p53 accumulation in differentiated cells; (2) HepaRG bipotent progenitors express the main markers of in vivo hepatic progenitors, and that cell differentiation process is linked to loss of their expression; (3) early and transient changes of β-catenin localization and HNF3β expression are correlated to Notch3 upregulation during hepatobiliary commitment of HepaRG cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the great plasticity of transformed hepatic progenitor cells and suggest that the transdifferentiation process could supply the pool of hepatic progenitor cells. Moreover, they highlight possible mechanisms by which transdifferentiation and proliferation of unipotent hepatocytes might cooperate in the development of mixed and differentiated tumors. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:957–967.)
Patient-controlled sedation for ERCP: a randomized double-blind comparison of alfentanil and remifentanil
Authors: M. Mazanikov, M. Udd, L. Kylänpää, H. Mustonen, O. Lindström, J. Halttunen, M. Färkkilä, R. Pöyhiä
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Self-administration of a propofol and opioid mixture by patients (patient-controlled sedation, PCS) could offer a practical alternative for individual sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, what would be the most suitable sedative mixture for PCS is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare remifentanil and alfentanil in the PCS during ERCP.Eighty-one patients undergoing elective ERCP received PCS with propofol and opioid in three different regimens. The concentrations of opioids in the sedative mixture were 0.02 mg/mL in the remifentanil group (R) and 0.04 mg/mL and 0.08 mg/mL in the alfentanil 1 (A1) and alfentanil 2 (A2) groups, respectively. The infusion pump was adjusted to deliver a 1 mL single dose with zero lockout time. We considered PCS as successful if no procedure interruption due to sedation-related complications occurred or if additional propofol was not needed. The consumption of propofol was registered, and sedation levels and vital signs were monitored. Endoscopist and patient satisfaction with sedation were assessed using structured questionnaires.The consumption (SD) of propofol was 177 (105)mg in group R, 197 (88) mg in group A1 and 162 (70)mg in group A2. PCS was successful in 74 /81 (91 %) of sedations, without differences between the groups in terms of propofol consumption, sedation success rate, sedation levels, vital signs, postprocedural pain, and endoscopist and patient satisfaction. Respiratory depression and nausea were observed more frequently with remifentanil than with alfentanil (P < 0.05).PCS is an acceptable method of sedation for ERCP. The combination of propofol and alfentanil should be recommended because a remifentanil - propofol mixture depresses spontaneous respiration more and produces nausea more frequently.
Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland Between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Medical anthropology is rich with anecdote and description focused on one or another aspect of patients or diseases, practitioners or healing, symbolisms or religion. This book takes us beyond such details and provides an integrating theoretical framework, operational models, and a systematic methodology of study that will allow the clinician and investigator to avoid the quagmires of ethnocentricity and reductionist formulation. The material is based on ten years of comparative cross-cultural research of Chinese medical systems at the National Taiwan University, Harvard University, the University of Washington, and the National Institutes of Health. The studies have been adumbrated in many papers and are now forcefully explicated in this excellent book. Models are provided for conceptualizing an entire system of self-care, family care and responsibility (a major aspect in Chinese culture), popular medicine, herbalists, the shop-specialty of bone setters, traditional Chinese medicine, Western biomedical practice,<i>Tang-ki</i>shaman therapists, and the temple-based
Designing a questionnaire: Send a personal covering letter
Authors: A F Bissett
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Background</h3> People living in areas of multiple deprivation are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking. This study examines the effect on smoking and intention to quit smoking for those who have experienced housing improvements (HI) in deprived areas of Glasgow, UK, and investigates whether such effects can be explained by improved mental health. <h3>Methods</h3> Quasi-experimental, 2-year longitudinal study, comparing residents’ smoking and intention to quit smoking for HI group (n=545) with non-HI group (n=517), adjusting for baseline (2006) sociodemographic factors and smoking status. SF-12 mental health scores were used to assess mental health, along with self-reported experience of, and General Practitioner (GP) consultations for, anxiety and depression in the last 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> There was no relationship between smoking and HI, adjusting for baseline rates (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.67, p=0.918). We found an association between intention to quit and HI, which remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographics and previous intention to quit (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.16, p=0.022). We found no consistent evidence that this association was attenuated by improvement in our three mental health measures. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Providing residents in disadvantaged areas with better housing may prompt them to consider quitting smoking. However, few people actually quit, indicating that residential improvements or changes to the physical environment may not be sufficient drivers of personal behavioural change. It would make sense to link health services to housing regeneration projects to support changes in health behaviours at a time when environmental change appears to make behavioural change more likely.
Mithramycin in the Treatment of Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: MARCEL E. CONRAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient had systemic mastocytosis of 16 years' duration, with urticaria pigmentosa, osteopetrosis with severe bone pain, mastocytosis of the bone marrow with myeloid metaplasia, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and Cushingoid features associated with prolonged usage of corticosteroids. Treatment with a single dose of mithramycin resulted in an abrupt disappearance of the patient's generalized bone pain, but it had little effect on his histamine release-type symptomatology.
THE RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF GRADED IMMUNIZING AND CHALLENGE DOSES IN MEASURING THE POTENCY OF VACCINES
Authors: H. C. Batson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

A study of the effect of graded immunizing doses of typhoid vaccine and graded challenge doses of S. typhosa in 5 per cent mucin on the degree of gradation of response (survival or death) elicited in successive groups of mice is reported. In the range of doses employed the effect of graded immunizing doses was markedly greater than was the effect of graded challenge doses. Statistically the difference exceeded the 0.1 per cent level of significance. It was concluded that the use of graded immunizing doses was preferable to the use of graded challenge doses as a basis for the immunological assay of typhoid vaccine, since with the former there was obtained (a) a greater significance of differences in response of groups given graded doses even with smaller fold increments in successive doses, (b) a greater slope of the dosage-response curve which permitted estimation of ED(50) values with smaller standard errors, and (c) an effect on response apparently less dependent on the sex of mice used.
Techniques in Liver Surgery
Authors: E R HOWARD
Journal: Gut (1998)

Techniques in Liver Surgery. Edited by Mazziotti A, Cavallari A. (Pp 369; illustrated; price not given.) London: Greenwich Medical Media (distributed by Oxford University Press), 1997. ISBN 1 900151 251.

The first formal right hepatectomy was reported by Lortat-Jacob and Robert in 1952. Before that time surgeons tried to steer clear of liver surgery because of the risk of uncontrollable haemorrhage and the operative mortality rate of at least 20%. However a widening knowledge of segmental hepatic anatomy described by Couinaud in 1957, and elaborated by Bismuth in 1982, led to the development of safe resectional techniques for the various major segments of the liver so that intraoperative deaths have become rare events in elective liver surgery. The techniques of hepatobiliary surgery have developed rapidly and the subject is now recognised as …
Nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabonomics reveals strong sex effect on plasma metabolism in 17-year–old Scandinavians and correlation to retrospective infant plasma parameters
Authors: Hanne Christine Bertram, Jens Ø. Duus, Bent O. Petersen, Camilla Hoppe, Anni Larnkjær, Lene Schack-Nielsen, Christian Mølgaard, Kim. F. Michaelsen
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
In-vivo administration of recombinant IL-2 increases the number of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells
Authors: N.S. IBAGAKI, K. TAMAKI, S. SHIMADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The number, morphology and response of Thy‐1+ dendritic epidermal cells to recombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2) were investigated in young and aged mice. The Thy‐1+ dendritic cells in the aged mice continued to express T‐cell receptor (TCR) γ/δ but differed morphologically from those of the young mice. The aged mice had 50% fewer cells than the young ones. In the rIL‐2 treated mice all the Thy‐1+ cells were expressed as TCR γ/δ and exposure to rlL‐2 increased the number of these cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner when given systemically and locally. In the aged mice daily injection of rlL.‐2 increased the number of Thy‐1+ dendritic cells within 2 weeks to almost that of young mice. however they had a lower response in the earlier stage. Nude mice showed no response to rIL‐2.
Poland is losing its doctors
Authors: Malgorzata M Bala, Wiktoria M Lesniak
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A tale of two Germanys Health problems in eastern Germany are clearly related to transitionEditor-The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of the end of communism in eastern Europe and in eastern Germany.As McKee and Fister point out, 1 certain constellations of epidemiological and demographic variables characterise the resultant process of political and economic transition: low or even decreasing life expectancy (especially for men) and higher prevalences of alcoholism and obesity.This has happened in the postcommunist Länder (federal states) of eastern Germany.East Germany is different from other east European countries in that its healthcare sector was not deconstructed, with periods of severe dysfunction: it simply adopted the healthcare system of West Germany.Despite this, life expectancy at birth is still lower in eastern Germany than in western Germany, although the difference had diminished at the end of the 1990s. 2 Alcoholic disease is a feature of the typical transition process.The number of people discharged from hospital with alcoholic disease was higher in eastern Germany in 1994 and 1999 than in western Germany. 3 Obesity is another transition related problem and a risk factor for many diseases. 4 The proportion of the population with obesity (body mass index > 29.9) is higher in eastern Germany than in western Germany.This difference has remained for over 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.In the medium term, the situation is set to even out.But it is remarkable that in spite of the same, well equipped (curative) health system, health care does not strongly modify mainly lifestyle linked health effects in a population that is exposed to transition after communism.For eastern Germany, the end of this transition process is in sight.
Lessons Learned Preparing for Medicare Bundled Payments
Authors: Robert Mechanic, Christopher Tompkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Robert Mechanic on the challenges and potential benefits of Medicare's new bundled-payment program. (26:13)Download Medicare typically spends as much or more in the 90 days after discharge as it does for the initial hospitalization, and post-acute care spending varies widely. This variation highlights opportunities for bundled payments to help improve quality and reduce spending.
UNTOWARD EFFECT OF GALLACETOPHENONE
Authors: W. DALE JAMES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1892)

Journal Article UNTOWARD EFFECT OF GALLACETOPHENONE Get access W. DALE JAMES W. DALE JAMES Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 4, Issue 11, 1 November 1892, Pages 369–370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1892.tb16788.x Published: 01 November 1892
Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa
Authors: Kimihiro Ohkubo, James N. Baraniuk, Robert Hohman, Marco Merida, Louis B. Hersh, Michael A. Kaliner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Aminopeptidases activate bradykinin and degrade many inflammatory peptides.The objective of this study was to identify the types of aminopeptidase activities in human nasal mucosa.Human nasal mucosa was homogenized (n = 12), and cytoplasmic (S2) and membrane-rich (P2) fractions were obtained. Several aminopeptidase (Ap) activities were defined by (1) substrate specificity with leucine-enkephalin (leu-Ap) and alanine-nitroanilide (ala-Ap), (2) inhibitor studies with puromycin and bestatin, (3) enzyme activity histochemistry (zymography), (4) immunohistochemistry, and (5) gel electrophoresis. Human volunteers had methacholine, histamine, and allergen nasal provocations to determine the mechanisms controlling nasal aminopeptidase secretion in vivo.P2 was the largest reservoir of puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase activity (630 pmol leu-enk/min/mg protein). S2 contained 32 pmol leu-enk/min/mg activity, with 80% representing puromycin-resistant activity and 20% puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PS-Ap). Ala-Ap was detected in both P2 and S2 fractions and was localized by zymography to epithelial and gland cells. Anti-rat brain-soluble PS-Ap IgG detected immunoreactive material in epithelium, glands, and endothelium. In nasal provocation studies, leu-AP correlated with glandular exocytosis but not vascular leak.The predominant aminopeptidase in human nasal epithelial and submucosal gland cells was membrane-bound puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase. A novel soluble puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase and lower amounts of soluble PS-Ap were also detected.
The Dynamics of Hematopoietic Repopulation.
Authors: Frank E. Trobaugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The Dynamics of Hematopoietic Repopulation.Frank E. Trobaugh Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Frank E. Trobaugh Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1087_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhen isogenic bone marrow cells are injected intravenously into a lethally irradiated recipient, the hematopoietic stem cells seed in the empty hematopoietic space and proliferate, producing functioning hematopoietic tissue. The repopulating potential of such transplanted hematopoietic tissue is directly related to the stem-cell content of the donor graft. These stem cells constitute only a small fraction of the cellular population of the marrow, and their morphology has continued to elude all investigators. Recently, however, it has been possible to study their relative numbers and their differentiating capacity and thus to investigate the dynamic processes of hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation.When... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank E. TrobaughJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1087-1087KeywordsBone marrowBone marrow cellsHematopoietic stem cellsStem cells ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...