tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Residual coronary reserve despite decreased resting blood flow in patients with critical coronary lesions. A study by technetium-99m human albumin microsphere myocardial scintigraphy.
Authors: O Parodi, G Sambuceti, A Roghi, R Testa, E Inglese, S Pirelli, F Spinelli, L Campolo, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Experimental data demonstrate the persistence of a transmural vasodilator reserve in the face of depressed resting myocardial perfusion. The present study was designed to determine whether resting myocardial hypoperfusion indicates exhausted coronary reserve (CR). METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen patients with stable angina, isolated left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis, and no previous myocardial infarction were evaluated by means of 99mTc human albumin microsphere scintigraphy. Regional myocardial perfusion and CR were assessed at baseline and after LAD papaverine (10-12 mg) by means of two microsphere injections in the left ventricle and compared with five normal subjects. Two 300-second scans were obtained with a mobile gamma camera positioned in the 70 degrees left anterior oblique projection; actual microsphere distribution after papaverine was obtained by image subtraction. The two arterial input functions (basal and papaverine) were measured from the first-pass time-activity curves and validated with the reference arterial sample technique. From the comparison of circumferential profile analysis between patients and normal subjects, nine patients (group 1A) showed perfusion defects at rest (reduction of percent radioactivity below 2 SD of normal subjects) in the LAD territory, and the other six (group 1B) showed homogeneous perfusion. CR (papaverine/resting perfusion) was 3.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.51 +/- 0.27 in normal subjects and in ischemic patients, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). Despite resting hypoperfusion, group 1A showed a papaverine-recruitable CR similar to that of group 1B (1.57 +/- 0.33 and 1.43 +/- 0.16, respectively, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable angina pectoris, isolated LAD stenosis, and no previous myocardial infarction, microsphere scintigraphy disclosed a high incidence of resting perfusion defects; in those patients, a residual CR was observed despite decreased resting blood flow.
Delirium in the Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Thomas L. Kurt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Parker and Hodge described "Delirium [in 11 patients] in a Coronary Care Unit" (<b>201</b>:702, 1967). This unit "... consisted of a 12-bed open ward with sliding curtains around each bed," and visitors were restricted to five minutes in each hour. Many... pulled at their oxygen tents, or tried to climb over the side rails of their beds." The rarity with which this situation has been encountered in our coronary care unit ( CCU) over a two-year period, and the inference from Parker and Hodge that it represents a significant complication of a CCU, prompted this letter. An air-conditioned, noise-free, tranquil environment with a private room for each patient and constant cardiac monitorization have been basic criteria for a coronary care unit.<sup>1-3</sup>Most clinicians have recommended oxygen administered nasally rather than routine use of an
Lomotil® and Antibiotic Colitis
Authors: FRED E. PITTMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 July 1975Lomotil® and Antibiotic ColitisFRED E. PITTMAN, M.D., PH.D.FRED E. PITTMAN, M.D., PH.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-124 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to respond to the comments of Drs. Tedesco, Barton, and Alpers (Ann Intern Med82:280, 1975) concerning the use of Lomotil® in antibiotic-associated colitis. Our experience with lincomycin- and clindamycin-associated colitis has been somewhat different from theirs in that the majority of our patients were seen because of symptoms of overt colitis (bloody diarrhea) and had hemorrhagic mucosa rather than pseudomembranous plaques at sigmoidoscopy (1). We observed that those patients with the most severe colitis, as well as those whose symptoms and sigmoidoscopic abnormalities were prolonged after cessation of the antibiotic, gave a history of...References1. PITTMANPITTMANHUMPHREY FJC: Colitis following oral lincomycin therapy. Arch Intern Med 134:368-372, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TEDESCOBARTONALPERS FRD: Clindamycin-associated colitis. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 81:429-433, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar3. STROEHLINSEDLACKHOFFMAN JRR: Clindamycin-associated colitis. Mayo Clin Proc 49:240-243, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. RAMIREZ-RONDA C: Incidence of clindamycin-associated colitis. Ann Intern Med 81:860, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar5. BROWNFERRANTEDAVIS CWW: Toxic dilatation of the colon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Am J Dig Dis 13:813-821, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. COHENMCNEILLWELLS LCR: Clindamycin associated colitis. J Am Med Assoc 223:1379-1380, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. UNGERPENKALYFORD JWC: Clindamycin-associated colitis. Am J Dig Dis 20:214-222, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COHENSMITHPISTER LCJ: Clindamycin (Cleocin) colitis. Am J Roentgenol 121:301-304, 1974 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina 29401 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTreatment of Clostridium Difficile -Associated DiarrheaNutritional supportA role for colonic stasis in the pathogenesis of disease related to Clostridium difficilePseudomembranous Colitis: Pathogenesis and TherapyTreatment and prevention of antimicrobial agent-induced colitis and diarrheaPersistence of Proctitis in 2 Cases of Clindamycin-Associated Colitis 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 124-125KeywordsAntibioticsColitisDiarrheaMucous membranes Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Neurological follow-up of 281 children born in breech presentation: a controlled study.
Authors: R Faber-Nijholt, H J Huisjes, B C Touwen, V J Fidler
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A study was conducted of all children delivered in breech presentation from 1969 to 1977 in the university's department of obstetrics. One-fifth of the deliveries were by caesarean section. Perinatal mortality was high (13.2%) but was due almost exclusively to causes other than the birth itself. The 256 surviving children and their matched controls were neurologically examined at 18 months or at ages varying between 3 and 10 years. The attrition rate was 5.7%, but in most cases data on development were available. Significant differences between the study and control groups existed for only minor neurological dysfunctions. It is concluded that the main danger of breech presentation is in the associated complications of pregnancy and that there is no reason to advocate a higher frequency of abdominal delivery than the 20% found in this study.
Drug interactions: the death pen
Authors: M. S. Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —We enjoyed reading the articles by Honig et al, 1 Woosley et al, 2 and the accompanying Editorial by Peck et al 3 in the March 24/31,1993, issue of JAMA . The articles and the Editorial brought to the attention of the practicing physician the cardiotoxic potential of certain antihistamines (terfenadine and astemizole) when combined with the antifungal agents ketoconazole and itraconazole and with macrolide antibiotics. A few days later while visiting a pharmaceutical display in our hospital lounge, we noticed a ballpoint pen being offered to the residents and interns by a representative of Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc. The pen prominently displayed the names Hismanal (astemizole) and Nizoral (ketoconazole). This cost-effective advertising vehicle (reminding physicians of both products with one pen) may, unfortunately, result in simultaneous prescribing of both products, with a potentially lethal drug interaction. To the credit of the company representative, he did point out the
702 INCREASED IL8 IN BILE AND INCREASED MUC5AC AND CFTR EXPRESSION IN THE GALLBLADDER OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Authors: S.J.L.B. Zweers, A. Shiryaev, T.H. Karlsen, P.L.M. Jansen, F.G. Schaap
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
THE ACTION OF CRYSTALLINE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES ON ANGIOTONIN
Authors: Albert A. Plentl, Irvine H. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Angiotonin was subjected to enzymatic digestion by crystalline carboxy-peptidase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pepsin. These enzymes were found to destroy it in vitro. Hydrogen ion optima and proteolytic coefficients for these reactions were determined and were found to be of approximately the expected magnitude for typical substrates. Regarding the purified crystalline enzymes as reagents, the experimental findings were interpreted on the basis of Bergmann's specificity studies. We were thus directed to the conclusion that angiotonin contains (1) a free terminal amino group, (2) a free terminal carboxyl group, (3) one basic amino acid residue which may be terminal but its carboxyl must be united in a peptide linkage, (4) one central dibasic amino acid residue in combination with an aromatic amino acid residue, (5) an aromatic amino acid residue which may be part of (4) and, if not part of (4) must be terminal with its carboxyl group in peptide linkage. The simplest compound satisfying these conditions is tyrosyl-arginylglutamyl-phenylalanine or a combination of amino acids with similar general characteristics.
Endometrial Pathological Changes after Fallopian Ring Tubal Ligation
Authors: D. de Cristofaro, C. Zancanari, S. Fiaccavento, C. Pezzoli
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Endometrial biopsy was used to study the luteal phase in patients with Fallopian ring (Yoon ring) tubal ligation. Luteal phase insufficiency was found in 9.3% of patients in the study group and in 3.4% of patients in the control group. THe differences are statistically not significant (p = 0.5). The patients with histological evidence of poor luteal phase after tubal ligation presented with oligomenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. These results exclude the possibility of some interference with the utero-ovarian circulatory system caused by Fallopian rings.A study of the luteal phase of patients with tubal sterilizations in which the Fallopian rings 2 incision technique was used was conducted to determine the extent of luteal phase insufficiency caused by the procedure. Corpus luteum activity of 32 patients who had tubal sterilizations for a period of 12-15 months and of 29 patients awaiting the procedure was studied using endometrial biopsy. Increased frequency of luteal phase insufficiency after tubal sterilization was not statistically present. The condition was found in 3 patients in the study group (9.3%) and 1 patient in the control group (3.4%). The patients with luteal phase insufficiency after tubal ligation presented with oligomenorrhea of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The results do not support the hypothesis that Fallopian ring tubal ligation interferes with the utero-ovarian circulatory system as suggested by other research. To avoid disturbance of the corpus luteum or enhance the success of future reanastomosis, the use of Hulka clips or Yoon rings is advised.
Perspectives on the risk assessment for nongenotoxic carcinogens and tumor promoters.
Authors: F P Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The issue of risk assessment for carcinogens that appear to act via nongenotoxic mechanisms or at the tumor promotion stage, respectively, is discussed in light of current information on biological mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis as well as interindividual variability in human response. Proposals to treat "nongenotoxic" carcinogens and tumor promoters as posing lower risks to humans are described and evaluated. It is concluded that, for purposes of risk assessment and regulation, there is currently no convincing scientific rationale for constructing categories of carcinogens according to their presumed mechanism or stage of action.
Occupation for the Blind Physician
Authors: Robert J. White
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  In the QUESTION AND ANSWER section ofTHE JOURNAL( 207 :1523, 1969), I noticed a question concerning future medical practice for a physician who is gradually going blind. I should like to suggest that this physician consider a career in public health administration. There is a strong need for physicians in many areas of public health to make decisions and give advice and consultation to the numerous nonmedically trained personnel who are daily making medical decisions without adequate training to do such. This applies also to medical insurance programs and social welfare agencies. Since secretarial help is almost universally available in such jobs, a blind physician should have little difficulty in communication. I feel that if more physicians were directly involved in this area, there would be far less problems in drafting and interpreting federal, state, and local regulations and better use of scarce medical resources. I
Resetting the transcription factor network reverses terminal chronic hepatic failure
Authors: Taichiro Nishikawa, Aaron Bell, Jenna M. Brooks, Kentaro Setoyama, Marta Melis, Bing Han, Ken Fukumitsu, Kan Handa, Jianmin Tian, Klaus H. Kaestner, Yoram Vodovotz, Joseph Locker, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Ira J. Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The cause of organ failure is enigmatic for many degenerative diseases, including end-stage liver disease. Here, using a CCl4-induced rat model of irreversible and fatal hepatic failure, which also exhibits terminal changes in the extracellular matrix, we demonstrated that chronic injury stably reprograms the critical balance of transcription factors and that diseased and dedifferentiated cells can be returned to normal function by re-expression of critical transcription factors, a process similar to the type of reprogramming that induces somatic cells to become pluripotent or to change their cell lineage. Forced re-expression of the transcription factor HNF4α induced expression of the other hepatocyte-expressed transcription factors; restored functionality in terminally diseased hepatocytes isolated from CCl4-treated rats; and rapidly reversed fatal liver failure in CCl4-treated animals by restoring diseased hepatocytes rather than replacing them with new hepatocytes or stem cells. Together, the results of our study indicate that disruption of the transcription factor network and cellular dedifferentiation likely mediate terminal liver failure and suggest reinstatement of this network has therapeutic potential for correcting organ failure without cell replacement.
Dangers of ozone depletion.
Authors: D. L. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Dangers of ozone depletion SIR,-The dangers of ozone depletion in the United Kingdom, particularly with regard to non- melanoma skin cancer, are probably much greater than estimated in the recent article on this topic by Fiona Godlee.'The figures given in the article suggest that non-melanoma skin cancer may rise by 8000 cases a year in Britain if there is a 10% reduction in total column ozone.This figure is based on current incidence figures from cancer registries,-which are widely accepted as being gross underestimates.2I recently suggested that the true incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in England and Wales may be close to 100 000 cases a year.3If this is true then, using a formula devised at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland,4 we might expect something like 35 000 extra non-melanoma skin cancers each year in England and Wales.Furthermore, there would probably be a relative increase in the potentially more dangerous squamous cell carcinoma compared with basal cell carcinoma.'Of course, these figures should not be taken at their face value as it is difficult to give an exact percentage rise in skin cancers because predicting what changes may occur in holiday and clothing habits is impossible.6The article therefore highlights the inadequacy of registration of skin cancer in the United Kingdom.Few attempts have been made to define the extent of the problem, and thus monitoring adequately any changes that may occur in the incidence of skin cancer is going to be impossible.As I have pointed out previously, there is an urgent need to review and improve registration of skin cancer throughout the United Kingdom.
Abstract PR2: Identification of luminal breast cancers that establish a tumor supportive macroenvironment defined by proangiogenic platelets and bone marrow derived cells
Authors: Timothy Marsh, Hanna Kuznetsov, Beth Markens, Zafira Castano, April Greene-Colozzi, Samantha Hay, Victoria Brown, Andrea Richardson, Sabina Signoretti, Elisabeth Battinelli, Sandra McAllister
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer recurrence rates vary following treatment, suggesting that tumor cells disseminate early from primary sites but remain indolent indefinitely before progressing to symptomatic disease. The reasons why some indolent disseminated tumors erupt into overt disease are unknown. We discovered a novel process by which certain luminal breast cancer cells and patient tumor specimens (LBC “instigators”) establish a systemic macroenvironment that supports outgrowth of otherwise-indolent disseminated tumors (“responders”). Instigating LBCs secrete cytokines that are absorbed by platelets, which are recruited to responding tumor sites where they aid vessel formation. Instigator-activated bone marrow cells (BMCs) enrich responding tumor cell expression of CD24, an adhesion molecule for platelets, and provide a source of VEGFR2+ tumor vessel cells. This cascade results in growth of responder adenocarcinomas and is abolished when platelet activation is inhibited by aspirin. These findings highlight the macroenvironment as an important component of disease progression that can be exploited therapeutically. This abstract is also presented as Poster B6. Citation Format: Timothy Marsh, Hanna Kuznetsov, Beth Markens, Zafira Castano, April Greene-Colozzi, Samantha Hay, Victoria Brown, Andrea Richardson, Sabina Signoretti, Elisabeth Battinelli, Sandra McAllister. Identification of luminal breast cancers that establish a tumor supportive macroenvironment defined by proangiogenic platelets and bone marrow derived cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR2.
Traumatic Bronchial Rupture with Plastic Repair
Authors: M. Dawson Tyson, T. Richard Watson, John R. Sibley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RUPTURE of the main bronchus, not long ago considered rare, is now relatively common. The augmented prevalence may in part be due to improved diagnosis but also is a result of the increasing number of automobile accidents. Kinsella and Johnsrud,1 in a summary of the literature, found that 38 cases had been reported up to 1947. They added 2 cases of their own. In only 2 had successful repair of a bronchus been accomplished. These were reported in 1945 by Sanger2 and involved immediate suture of bronchial tears produced by shell fragments. It is interesting that these are the only . . .
Judging the Data: Peer Review versus Good Laboratory Practice Standards
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Peer Review versus Good Laboratory Practice StandardsWhen it comes to assessing the quality of toxicologic data to develop policy decisions, should regulators rely on journal peer review or on Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards?Authors of a review comparing the two conclude that the answer is neither.Instead, they propose that regulators need a well-defined scheme in which the best elements of both processes enable data to be weighed and evaluated in a consistent fashion [EHP 120(7):927-934; McCarty et al.].The authors point out that peer review and GLP standards serve different but complementary needs.Traditional peer review aims to supply scientists with published articles worthy of consideration and debate; GLP standards-which are specific protocols for conducting and reporting experiments-aim to provide regulators with high-quality data that are acceptable across jurisdictions.The authors go on to expose the shortcomings of each framework for policy use.According to their analysis, peer review suffers from reviewer bias, inconsistency in methods between journals, variable ability to identify fraud or falsified data, and a reluctance to publish results that show little or no effects.GLP standards, on the other hand, don't address broad issues of scientific validity, although they
RNA Interference–Mediated Depletion of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activates Forkhead Box Class O Transcription Factors and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Shannon Reagan-Shaw, Nihal Ahmad
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in the Western world and one in seven women is predicted to develop invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer arises following the accumulation of a series of somatic changes often including deregulation of key signal transduction pathways. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been shown to be activated in breast cancer and overexpression of PI3K is sufficient to confer a malignant phenotype. Activation of the PI3K pathway serves to repress forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factor–mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown PI3K in three breast cancer cell lines representing different stages of cancer development. Transfection of PI3K siRNA in breast cancer cells resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and induction of apoptosis irrespective of their estrogen receptor α (ERα) or ErbB2 status. PI3K depletion also resulted in a significant G1 phase cell cycle arrest in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Further, our data showed that PI3K knockdown resulted in a significant activation of FoxO; interestingly, a simultaneous knockdown of FoxO1a rescued the cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, the downstream effects of FoxO activation were found to be inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and cyclin D1, and accumulation of p27/Kip1. Thus, we suggest that (a) PI3K plays a critical role in breast cancer development and (b) gene therapeutic approaches aimed at PI3K or the pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K could be developed for the management of breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 1062-9)
Preservation of Cannabis
Authors: Carlton E. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1973)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— As suppliers of Cannabis sativa L (marihuana) for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), we would like to clarify pertinent questions in regard to the analysis of C sativa L. Rodin et al (213:1300, 1970) expressed dismay at the cannabis material he received from the National Institute of Mental Health. Two independent laboratories obtained a different percentage of (-) -△9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol than was reported by the NIMH. Additionally, Liskow (214:1907, 1970) has stated that Dr. Braenden of the United Nations recommended that C sativa L be frozen under nitrogen to avoid deterioration. We would like to make the point emphatic that it is not necessary to use such strenuous conditions for the storage of cannabis. Results from a two-year storage study on C sativa L under several conditions follow: (1) —18 C in the freezer; (2) 4 C in the refrigerator; (3) 22 plus or minus