tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human alveolar capillaries undergo angiogenesis in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Authors: DE Schraufnagel, M Sekosan, T McGee, MB Thakkar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The bronchial circulation undergoes angiogenesis in several pathological conditions, such as lung neoplasm and bronchiectasis, but whether the pulmonary circulation can do this has been questioned. A woman treated with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil developed progressive, fatal pulmonary hypertension over 5 months. In addition to light and transmission electron microscopic examination of her lung, her pulmonary vasculature was cast and the casts were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed that she had pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and angiomatoid capillary growth in the alveolar walls. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of pulmonary hypertension and showed thickened endothelial basement membrane. Scanning electron microscopy of the cast blood vessels showed distortion and destruction of alveolar capillaries prohibiting the passage of erythrocytes. Large new capillaries developed on top of, and were connected to, the shrivelled capillaries that made up the alveolar wall. The new capillaries were larger and fewer, which reduced the alveolar-capillary interface. Arteries and veins were irregularly narrowed and the veins had broad muscularity. Oedema was present, and the pulmonary lymphatics were extensively cast, especially in the lobular septa, but the lymphatics had a normal appearance. It appears that this patient suffered extensive capillary damage and venous occlusion and that the response was extensive new capillary formation, sometimes in angiomatoid configurations, and hypertrophy of pulmonary veins and arteries. Casting the microvasculature and viewing it with scanning electron microscopy identified new alveolar capillaries in this patient with acquired pulmonary hypertension.
Forfeited Health: Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “What's Wrong With Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer?”
Authors: Stewart Justman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

"Forfeited Health: Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “What's Wrong With Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer?”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 11(12), pp. W1–W2
Control plasma renin activity and changes in sympathetic tone as determinants of minoxidil-induced increase in plasma renin activity.
Authors: K O'Malley, M Velasco, J Wells, J L McNay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A study was made of the possible mechanism(s) underlying minoxidil-induced increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). 10 patients with essential hypertension were treated with minoxidil and subsequently with a combination of minoxidil plus propranolol. Minoxidil lowered mean arterial pressure 31.6 plus or minus 3.3 mm Hg, mean plus or minus SEM. There was an associated increase in both PRA, 6.26 plus or minus 2.43 NG/ML/H, and heart rate, 21.4 plus or minus 2.7 beats/min. The changes in PRA and heart rate were positively correlated, r, 0.79. Addition of propranolol reduced mean arterial pressure by a further 10.1 plus or minus 1.5 mm Hg and returned heart rate to control levels. Propranolol reduced PRA significantly but not to control levels. Control PRA positively correlated with PRA on minoxidil, r, 0.97, and with PRA on minoxidil plus propranolol, r, 0.98. We conclude that control PRA is a major determinant of change in PRA with minoxidil. Minoxidil increased PRA by at least two mechanisms: (a) an adrenergic mechanism closely related to change in heart rate and blocked by propranolol, and (b) a mechanism(s) not sensitive to propranolol and possibly related to decrease in renal perfusion pressure.
Urography and Tachycardia
Authors: James A. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The article on intravenous urography and ventricular tachycardia by Stadalnik et al (229:686, 1974) was interesting, but it is difficult to agree with their conclusions that continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during urography in the elderly and in those patients with clinically suspected heart disease should be done.  Before committing thousands of radiology departments across the country to purchase electrocardiographic equipment and train personnel in its use, perhaps a deeper look into the article is in order. Both of their patients had had known myocardial irritability; therefore, patient selection for the procedure is an important factor. Perhaps the most important items are the type and volume of contrast material employed in these patients. Conray-400 (150 ml) contains 157.5 mEq of sodium, a dose that might cause problems for an irritable myocardium. Its effect in increasing circulating blood volume on a borderline failing heart was not discussed in the article.
Detection of relapse in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: Role of routine follow‐up studies
Authors: Avishay Elis, Dorit Blickstein, Osnat Klein, Rivka Eliav‐Ronen, Yosef Manor, Michael Lishner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Complete remission can be achieved in 60-80% of adults with diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, 20-40% of them will subsequently relapse. Nevertheless, formal follow-up guidelines for recurrence detection have never been advocated. We analyzed the pattern of relapse in 30 patients with intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the value of intensive protocol for relapse detection. This protocol includes frequent follow-up visits, complete blood count, and serum LDH tests along with annual chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scans. The median duration of complete remission was 12 months. Twenty-five relapses (83%) were suspected after an interim history and/or physical examination, whereas only 5 relapses (17%) were detected by routine radiographic or laboratory follow-up studies. The majority of relapses (19/30) were detected in sites that included the sites of prior disease. For the first 12 months of complete remission, the estimated cumulative save in charge for a follow-up strategy, based on regular visits in the hematology clinic and performing laboratory and radiologic studies as clinically indicated, is 44% of the cost of a routine intensive evaluation. A reliable and cost-effective follow-up method for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in complete remission should include frequent history and physical examination. Complementary studies should be performed according to clinical indications.
Raised vascular calcium in an animal model: effects on aortic function
Authors: E. P Cannon, B. J Williams
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim of the study was to develop an animal model to study the relationships between raised tissue calcium and vascular function. Design – Ectopic calcification was developed in the animal model using chronic vitamin D2 intoxication, after which functional studies were performed in isolated superfused aortic rings. Results were compared with control preparations. Experimental animals – 160 female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-225 g were randomly divided into experimental (vitamin D21 mg·d−1) and control (vehicle only) groups. Measurements and results – Aortas from vitamin D treated animals had a higher calcium content than control aortas, without concomitant increases in cardiac calcium. Aortas with high calcium content were found to develop greater tension than control aortas when exposed to noradrenaline in the absence of extracellular calcium, but the tension maxima achieved in response to noradrenaline in calcium containing media or to high potassium depolarising solution were the same. The rate of development of contraction in response to noradrenaline was greater in aortas from the vitamin D treated animals than in controls. Isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside produced less relaxation in the animal model aortas than in the controls. Conclusions – The results suggest that increased aortic calcium affects the response of the tissue to vasoactive agents. It appears that the additional vascular calcium may be stored in an agonist releasable pool, probably within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The enlarged or newly developed pools appear to be refillable from the extracellular medium but not by intracellular reuptake of calcium, suggesting a bicompartmental model of intracellular calcium release and reuptake.
Identification of H-ras Mutations in Urine Sediments Complements Cytology in the Detection of Bladder Tumors
Authors: J. M. Fitzgerald, N. Ramchurren, K. Rieger, P. Levesque, M. Silverman, J. A. Libertino, I. C. Summerhayes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Urinary cytology has long been used as a noninvasive screen for the detection of urinary tract cancer but is limited by the generation of false positive and false negative results. More recently, molecular changes associated with urothelial neoplastic progression have been identified in DNA from urine sediments, demonstrating an alternative approach for identifying neoplastic change in the bladder.The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the value of detection of H-ras (also known as HRAS) mutations in urine sediment DNA as a clinical indicator of tumor presence, recurrence, and/or progression.Urine sediments were collected from 100 patients presenting with bladder tumors, with follow-up samples collected from 19 patients. DNA extracted from urine sediments was analyzed for changes in exon 1 of the H-ras gene, using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. A representative number of aberrant H-ras/SSCP migrating bands were excised and sequenced to confirm the presence of a mutation. Human bladder specimens were obtained from patients (93 of the 100 patients initially and 18 of the 19 patients studied by follow-up) and histologically evaluated for tumor content and grade.Mutations in exon 1 of the H-ras gene were detected in urine sediments from 44% (44 of 100) of the patients; concordant results were obtained by cytologic analysis, where 33% (31 of 93) of the patients displayed positive cytology. Analysis of the distribution of abnormalities with tumor grade revealed greater detection of low-grade (1-2) lesions using ras analysis (47%) compared with cytology (16%). In contrast, cytology was more effective in identifying the presence of carcinoma in situ. Combined results from these two approaches substantially increased the sensitivity of tumor detection, resulting in the identification of tumors in 60% of patients.Identification of H-ras mutations in DNA from urine sediments facilitates the detection of low-grade bladder tumors and, in combination with cytology, increases the overall tumor detection from 33% to 60%. Preliminary results in patient follow-up suggest that detection of H-ras mutations may have some clinical utility in detecting the presence of abnormal cells in the absence of an overt lesion following cystoscopy or positive cytology.
Using 3 TLR ligands as a combination adjuvant induces qualitative changes in T cell responses needed for antiviral protection in mice
Authors: Qing Zhu, Colt Egelston, Susan Gagnon, Yongjun Sui, Igor M. Belyakov, Dennis M. Klinman, Jay A. Berzofsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

TLR ligands are promising candidates for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants that can elicit protective immunity against emerging infectious diseases. Adjuvants have been used most frequently to increase the quantity of an immune response. However, the quality of a T cell response can be more important than its quantity. Stimulating certain pairs of TLRs induces a synergistic response in terms of activating dendritic cells and eliciting/enhancing T cell responses through clonal expansion, which increases the number of responding T cells. Here, we have found that utilizing ligands for 3 TLRs (TLR2/6, TLR3, and TLR9) greatly increased the protective efficacy of vaccination with an HIV envelope peptide in mice when compared with using ligands for only any 2 of these TLRs; surprisingly, increased protection was induced without a marked increase in the number of peptide-specific T cells. Rather, the combination of these 3 TLR ligands augmented the quality of the T cell responses primarily by amplifying their functional avidity for the antigen, which was necessary for clearance of virus. The triple combination increased production of DC IL-15 along with its receptor, IL-15Ralpha, which contributed to high avidity, and decreased expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and induction of Tregs. Therefore, selective TLR ligand combinations can increase protective efficacy by increasing the quality rather than the quantity of T cell responses.
Case 73-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-one-year-old man entered the hospital because of left-sided pleuritic chest pain and fever of twelve hours' duration. Six years previously he was admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia of the upper lobe of the right lung. At the time of discharge the x-ray films of the chest were normal except for a small residual loculated pleural effusion on the right side (Fig. 1). Thereafter, he was well until the onset of the present illness. He had had many occupations, including work as an upholsterer and in a slaughterhouse. Beginning nineteen years before entry . . .
A Trichinosis Outbreak in Iowa
Authors: Russell W. Currier
Journal: JAMA (1983)

During December 1975 and January 1976, seventy-nine persons in Postville, Iowa, and nearby communities were infected with trichinosis by eating locally produced summer sausage made from a mixture of venison (provided by deer-hunting parties) and pork. More than 242 local residents and holiday visitors from five other states and Canada were exposed to the sausage, in which the venison was mixed in a 2:1 ratio with government-inspected and commercially obtained pork. Laboratory examinations of incriminated sausage samples showed one to 65<i>Trichinella</i>larvae per 100 g and indicated that temperatures during processing had not exceeded 54 °C. Corrective measures centered on improving temperature monitoring during the smoking process at the sausage-preparation plant to ensure that adequate temperatures are achieved. Persons possessing the implicated sausage were advised to destroy it or to cook it adequately before eating it. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3196-3199)
Adrenergic, Coagulation, and Fibrinolytic Responses to Heat
Authors: B. J. Britton, C. Hawkey, W. G. Wood, M. Peele, J. Kaye, M. H. Irving
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two groups of volunteers were exposed to heat in a sauna bath—one group for 10 minutes and the other for 15. There was no change in plasma adrenaline concentration until the subjects emerged from the sauna bath, when there was a slight increase in concentration. Factor VIII and thrombo-elastograph patterns did not change but marked activation of fibrinolysis was stimulated by exposure to heat. These findings support the concept that fibrinolysis is not mediated by direct adrenergic activity.
Processed meat consumption and lung function: modification by antioxidants and smoking
Authors: H. Okubo, S. O. Shaheen, G. Ntani, K. A. Jameson, H. E. Syddall, A. Aihie Sayer, E. M. Dennison, C. Cooper, S. M. Robinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with poor lung function. It is not known whether this is due to low consumption of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetables, or is a consequence of higher intakes of harmful dietary constituents, such as processed meat. We examined the individual and combined associations of processed meat, fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with lung function among 1551 males and 1391 females in the UK in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. After controlling for confounders, processed meat consumption was negatively associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio in males and females, while fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary TAC were positively associated with FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC, but not FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio. In males, the negative association between processed meat consumption and FEV<sub>1</sub> was more marked in those who had low fruit and vegetable consumption (p=0.035 for interaction), and low dietary TAC (p=0.025 for interaction). The deficit in FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC associated with processed meat consumption was larger in males who smoked (p=0.022 for interaction). Higher processed meat consumption is associated with poorer lung function, especially in males who have lower fruit and vegetable consumption or dietary TAC, and among current smokers.
STUDIES ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS PRODUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN RHESUS MONKEYS
Authors: Elvin A. Kabat, Abner Wolf, Ada E. Bezer, Jean P. Murray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The white cell count, total protein, gamma globulin, and percentage of gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced by the injection of brain emulsions with adjuvants have been studied. The acute phase of the disease is characterized by a rise in the white cell count, total protein, and gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid. In some instances the percentage of gamma globulin, to the total protein may be normal while in others it is elevated. As the acute process subsides, the total protein declines and animals frequently show an increase in the percentage of gamma globulin to total protein. The relation of the cerebrospinal fluid findings in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the rhesus monkey to those in human multiple sclerosis is discussed.
Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: an indolent clonal proliferation in children and adults with high proliferation index and no BCL2 rearrangement
Authors: Abner Louissaint, Adam M. Ackerman, Dora Dias-Santagata, Judith A. Ferry, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Mary S. Huang, A. John Iafrate, Daniel O. Lara, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Itziar Salaverria, Zakir Siddiquee, Reiner Siebert, Howard J. Weinstein, Lawrence R. Zukerberg, Nancy Lee Harris, Robert P. Hasserjian
Journal: Blood (2012)
Determinants of Surgical Outcome in Patients With Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Yong-Jin Kim, Dong-A Kwon, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Jin-Shik Park, Seokyung Hahn, Kyung-Hwan Kim, Ki-Bong Kim, Dae-Won Sohn, Hyuk Ahn, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— We sought to identify preoperative predictors of clinical outcomes after surgery in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Methods and Results— We prospectively enrolled 61 consecutive patients (54 women, aged 57±9 years) with isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation undergoing corrective surgery. Twenty-one patients (34%) were in New York Heart Association functional class II, 35 (57%) in class III, and 5 (9%) in class IV. Fifty-seven patients (93%) had previous history of left-sided valve surgery. Preoperative echocardiography revealed pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 41.5±8.7 mm Hg, right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic area of 35.1±9.0 cm 2 , and RV fractional area change of 41.3±8.4%. The median follow-up duration after surgery was 32 months (range, 12 to 70). Six of the 61 patients died before discharge; thus, operative mortality was 10%. Three of the 55 patients who survived surgery died during follow-up, and 6 patients required readmission because of cardiovascular problems. Thus, 46 patients (75%) remained event free at the end of follow-up. In the 54 patients who underwent 6-month clinical and echocardiographic follow-up, RV end-diastolic area decreased by 29%, with a corresponding 26% reduction in RV fractional area change. Thirty-three patients (61%) showed improved functional capacity after surgery. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, preoperative hemoglobin level ( P &lt;0.001) and RV end-systolic area ( P &lt;0.001) emerged as independent determinants of clinical outcomes. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found that RV end-systolic area &lt;20 cm 2 predicted event-free survival with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 67%, and a hemoglobin level &gt;11.3 g/dL predicted event-free survival with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 83%. Conclusions— Timely correction of severe tricuspid regurgitation carries an acceptable risk and improves functional capacity. Surgery should be considered before the development of advanced RV systolic dysfunction and before the development of anemia.
The functional CD8 T cell response to HIV becomes type-specific in progressive disease
Authors: Sang Kyung Lee, Zhan Xu, Judy Lieberman, Premlata Shankar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

High levels of HIV-specific CD8 T cells are demonstrable throughout HIV disease using laboratory assays that measure responses to consensus epitopes. In acute infection, the dynamics of the antiviral CD8 T cell response correlate well with the decline in viremia. However in chronic infection, although responses are detected against a broader spectrum of epitopes, virus-specific CD8 T cells are apparently unable to control viral replication. To investigate whether CD8 T cells responding to consensus epitopes may have lost their in vivo relevance in the chronic phase because of viral evolution driven by immune pressure, we compared the CD8 T cell response to CD4 T cell targets infected with either lab-adapted HIVIIIB or the patient’s own virus. The magnitude of the IFN-γ response declined with disease progression, especially to autologous virus. T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes of HIVIIIB and autologous virus–responding cells were determined by sequencing TCR β chain variable (TCRBV) genes. In two of three asymptomatic donors, the dominant clonotypes overlapped, whereas in five symptomatic patients, the TCR clonotypes responding to HIVIIIB virus were completely different from those responding to autologous virus. Moreover, in cytolytic assays, T cell lines derived from IFN-γ+ cells responding to lab-adapted or autologous virus cross-recognized target cells infected with either virus in asymptomatic subjects with shared TCR clonotypes but not in progressors with differing clonotypes. Therefore, in advanced-stage patients, viral-specific CD8 T cells recognizing consensus epitopes persist from an earlier response but no longer effectively recognize autologous virus.
Fitness within sport.
Authors: V. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

From a research point of view, once injury occurs, the causes of that injury -personal involvement, environmental factors and chance -should be studied.Chance can be the one thing that makes life worth living.It is the root of all biological and physical evolution, the chance impacts of atomic and subatomic particles, the chance meeting of human beings, the chance of fertilisation in reproduction and the chance of injury.In any one week each of us has about a 1 in 8000 chance of being injured.It is still 8000 to 1 against for the following week, so that there is no immunity as far as chance is concerned.