tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irish police dismiss Ledward sightings as "pure fantasy"
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Hospital officials and police in the Republic of Ireland remain sceptical about reports in several British newspapers of sightings of a disgraced English doctor—a year after his death and burial in Ireland.

Police in Kent say they are looking into reported anomalies in paperwork related to the death of the gynaecologist, Rodney Ledward, after five former patients reported seeing him in the United Kingdom, Spain, and Ireland. The Irish hospital …
Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in adults: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Olli-Pekka Alho, Petri Koivunen, Tomi Penna, Heikki Teppo, Markku Koskela, Jukka Luotonen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the short term efficacy and safety of tonsillectomy for recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in adults. <b>Design </b>Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Academic referral centre in Finland. <b>Participants</b> 70 adults with documented recurrent episodes of streptococcal group A pharyngitis. <b>Intervention</b> Instant tonsillectomy (n=36) or remaining on waiting list as control (n=34). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Percentage change in the risk of an episode of streptococcal pharyngitis at 90 days. Rates of all episodes of pharyngitis and days with symptoms and adverse effects. <b>Results</b> The mean (SD) follow-up was 164 (63) days in the control group and 170 (12) days in the tonsillectomy group. At 90 days, streptococcal pharyngitis had recurred in 24% (8/34) in the control group and 3% (1/36) in the tonsillectomy group (difference 21%; 95% confidence interval 6% to 36%). The number needed to undergo tonsillectomy to prevent one recurrence was 5 (3 to 16). During the whole follow-up, the rates of other episodes of pharyngitis and days with throat pain and fever were significantly lower in the tonsillectomy group than in the control group. The most common morbidity related to tonsillectomy was postoperative throat pain (mean length 13 days, SD 4). <b>Conclusions</b> Adults with a history of documented recurrent episodes of streptococcal pharyngitis were less likely to have further streptococcal or other throat infections or days with throat pain if they had their tonsils removed. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT00136877.
miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 is suppressed by ursodeoxycholic acid in the rat liver and activated by disease severity in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rui E. Castro, Duarte M.S. Ferreira, Marta B. Afonso, Pedro M. Borralho, Mariana V. Machado, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Cecília M.P. Rodrigues
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Rituximab induces sustained reduction of pathogenic B cells in patients with peripheral nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Michael A. Maurer, Goran Rakocevic, Carol S. Leung, Isaak Quast, Martin Lukačišin, Norbert Goebels, Christian Münz, Hedda Wardemann, Marinos Dalakas, Jan D. Lünemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The B cell–depleting IgG1 monoclonal antibody rituximab can persistently suppress disease progression in some patients with autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism underlying these long-term beneficial effects has remained unclear. Here, we evaluated Ig gene usage in patients with anti–myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy, an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system that is mediated by IgM autoantibodies binding to MAG antigen. Patients with anti-MAG neuropathy showed substantial clonal expansions of blood IgM memory B cells that recognized MAG antigen. The group of patients showing no clinical improvement after rituximab therapy were distinguished from clinical responders by a higher load of clonal IgM memory B cell expansions before and after therapy, by persistence of clonal expansions despite efficient peripheral B cell depletion, and by a lack of substantial changes in somatic hypermutation frequencies of IgM memory B cells. We infer from these data that the effectiveness of rituximab therapy depends on efficient depletion of noncirculating B cells and is associated with qualitative immunological changes that indicate reconfiguration of B cell memory through sustained reduction of autoreactive clonal expansions. These findings support the continued development of B cell–depleting therapies for autoimmune diseases.
TUMOUR IN THE GROIN, WITH SYMPTOMS OF STRANGULATED HERNIA: OPERATION: DEATH
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1854)

IOGRAFHICAL aN OT hi t ocipito-mntal diameter, and four and a half inches l the transvs.The peculiarities of the cae were that the patient did not appear to suffer more than in an ordinary labbiir; that she had intervals of perfect ease and frequent snatches of sleep, at the same time that she was free from any congestion of the brain or coAjunctive, and drowsiness; but pecially was it peculiar from the loss of power of the lower extremities.At first, the patient was indisposed to move, and afterwards she was unable to do so; it was necessy to raise her by main force in order to change her position, and, of course, she could not put a foot to the ground.Owing to the great size of the head, and its com- pletely filling up the utero-vaginal passage, and to a conse- quent pressure on all the parts the extremities became paralysed: immediately after delivery, the use of the limbs returned, and she had a good and rapid recovery.At no period of the labour was the case critical; but
REFLEX IRRITATION AS A CAUSE OF DISEASE.
Authors: EDWIN WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Medicine has suffered from "fads" from time immemorial. The authority of some great leader or teacher is enough to bolster up an error for a generation or more. In fact, much that is to-day taught is merely the dictum of some one who has never taken the pains to investigate the truth. No error in modern times has held such tenacious hold on the professional mind as that of reflex irritation as a cause of nervous disease. To most of us the explanation of the occurrence of any nervous phenomenon or lesion is satisfactorily accounted for if some peripheral irritation is found; a long prepuce, some slight version, flexion or laceration of the uterus or other deviation from the picture in our charts, is sufficient to account for hysteria, epilepsy or other nervous disease. This, too, in spite of the fact that all these minor lesions are repeatedly met with
Skin Lesions Suspected to Be Melanoma Should Be Photographed
Authors: Calvin L. Day
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We reviewed photographs of 256 primary cutaneous melanomas to determine the gross morphological correlates of metastases. Seven and a half years after diagnosis, the melanomas with ulceration occupying at least 80% of their surface had the highest rate of metastases (85%), and melanomas without a nodule had the lowest metastatic rate (11%). Melanomas with nodules had a metastatic rate of 62%, and this rate increased in direct proportion to nodule diameter. Even after adjusting for nodule diameter and ulceration, melanomas with single nodules located completely within the confines of an associated plaque had half of the metastatic rate of melanomas with nodules located at the periphery (abutting normal skin). These data suggest that (1) carefully recorded gross pathological data can augment the microscopic pathological data in the determination of prognosis; (2) skin lesions suspected to be melanoma should be photographed; (3) the photograph, if followed by surgical removal of the lesion, should be attached to the pathology report in the patient's permanent medical record; (4) nodule diameter is better correlated with metastases than the total lesion diameter (as traditionally held); and (5) the cytologically malignant melanocytes that constitute the less-raised portion of most melanomas may not be biologically malignant, thus enlarging the precursor concept for malignant melanoma. The TNM staging system for malignant melanoma could be modified to incorporate these data. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1077-1081)
Characterization of the molecular forms of fibronectin in fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Piero L. Almasio, Robin D. Hughes, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The plasma levels of the opsonic glycoprotein fibronectin are decreased in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, which may be an important factor in their impaired host-defense. Twenty-nine patients in fulminant hepatic failure were studied on admission, and the mean fibronectin level in Grade 0-2 encephalopathy was 82 μg per ml (range = 0 to 150) and in Grade 3-4 encephalopathy 61 μg per ml (range = 5 to 158) as compared to normal controls (268 μg per ml, range = 178 to 380, n = 62). No fibronectin degradation products could be detected in fulminant hepatic failure plasma by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gradient (5 to 15%) followed by immunoblotting onto nitrocellulose with detection using a rabbit antihuman fibronectin antiserum visualized with a peroxidase conjugate. The plasma levels of the marker proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D were significantly elevated in fulminant hepatic failure (120 ± 31 mU per ml per hr) as compared to the normal controls (18 ± 2.1 mU per ml per hr, n = 10, p &lt; 0.01). Cross-immunoelectrophoresis of fulminant hepatic failure plasma for fibronectin on agarose plates gave an additional slower migrating peak in 15 of the 29 patients, as well as that of fibronectin, which corresponded to the fibronectin complex reported by other workers in leukemia. An intermediate gel containing antihuman fibrinogen demonstrated fibrinogen to be one component of this complex. Binding of other substances to fibronectin will reduce its apparent biological activity and may be the result of their lack of clearance by the damaged liver.
EGG Hypersensitivity as Measured by RAST and a Reverse Enzyme‐Immunoassay
Authors: J. Domínguez, M. Cuevas, I. Moneo, V. Ureña, A. Ferreira, A. Bootello
Journal: Allergy (1984)

The application of a reverse enzyme‐immunoassay (REIA) to measure specific anti‐egg IgE is described. The results obtained with the REIA and the RAST are shown. The REIA is economical, easy and fast to perform when the conjugate has been made, non‐radioactive and offers a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of egg white‐specific IgE.
Value-Free Science? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Medicine has always been a field that reflected the interplay between science and the larger issues of society. Medical practitioners and researchers alike have always had to integrate overarching principles and general observations with the real or potential demands of individual patients. More recently, issues such as genetic engineering, human experimentation, euthanasia, and disclosure of research funding sources have forced medical scientists to grapple with issues of human values and ethics even as they pursued "truth" in the isolation of the laboratory. The idea that social goals and conditions influence science has, of course, become a commonplace among both historians and sociologists of science, as well as among a general public haunted by memories of Nazi medicine and plagued by issues such as nuclear power, environmental destruction, and militarized science. Such beliefs co-exist with the somewhat contradictory and persistent conviction that science itself represents pure truth and that only the
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 6q14–q24 is associated with poor outcome in children and adolescents with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: B Burkhardt, J Bruch, M Zimmermann, K Strauch, R Parwaresch, W-D Ludwig, L Harder, B Schlegelberger, F Mueller, J Harbott, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Thymidylate Synthase and Folyl-Polyglutamate Synthase Are Not Clinically Useful Markers of Response to Pemetrexed in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Daniel E. Schwed Lustgarten, Charuhas Deshpande, Charu Aggarwal, Liang-Chuan Wang, Vassiliki Saloura, Anil Vachani, Li-Ping Wang, Leslie Litzky, Michael Feldman, Jeanette Creaney, Anna K. Nowak, Corey Langer, Simona Inghilleri, Giulia Stella, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Women and Specialties-Reply
Authors: Deborah I. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  The intent of my article was to encourage societies to look at their own membership and to evaluate further their own needs.  I never claimed that all physicians listed in the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfile were eligible to join their medical specialty societies. As a matter of fact, I went into great detail to discuss the limitations of using the Physician Masterfile. Given the limitations, this is still the best and most accurate list of physicians who are potential members for a particular specialty.  In the article, I explain that the statistics for The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists may be low because they were not able to break out their junior fellows category at the time of the survey.  I am pleased to see that The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has been able to break out its junior fellows category. It is apparent
A CASE OF AMOEBIC DYSENTERY WITH ABSCESS OF THE LIVER: IN A PATIENT WHO HAD NEVER BEEN OUT OF ENGLAND
Authors: R. Saundby, J. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1909)

admitted into the General Hospital on November 21st, 1908, complaining of pain in the stomach and at the bottom of the back, which had lasted a week.On inquiry from his wife and his brother it was ascertained definitely, that he had never been away from, the Birmingham district, but for some weeks he had complained of liver pains, by which he had not appeared to be much inconvenienced.He said his bowels were open freely two or three times a day.Condition on Admi8sion.He looked extremely ill, and was perspiring freely.His face showed many dilated veins.Temperature 102.40, pulse 104, respirations 28.His tongue was covered in the centre with a brownish glaze, but was moist at the edges; his abdomen was distended; his respiration was jerky, and on taking a deep breath he complained. of pain below and to the right of the umbilicus.There was no eruption.The liver dullness was not increased; the spleen could not be felt; the heart was not enlarged, sounds normal.The left side of the chest was normal, except for some crepitations at the base ; on the right side there was dullness with diminished breath sounds, and absent tactile vocal fremitus at the base; on exploration with a needle no fluid was obtained.Widal reaction negative.After-History.Four days after admission he passed a stool containing a considerable quantity of blood.The dullness and diminished breath sounds on the right side extended gradually nearly up to the spine of the scapula, and on November 27th, on exploring with a needle, some blood- stained serum was withdrawn and 15 oz. of fluid were removed.This fluid was blood-stained and contained pus cells.Palse 120, respirations 32 to 36.There had been no more diarrhoea; in fact, the bowels only acted after enemata.On November 30th he became suddenly worse, and died in the afternoon.POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION.Heart.The heart weighed'11 oz., and was enlarged, ovoid in shape; area of thickened epicardium on anterior surface of left ventricle; right auricle dilated, wall thickened.Right auriculo-ventricular valve admitted three fingers easily and appeared -healthy.Right ventricle filled with yellow clot; its wall thickened.Left auriculo-ventricular valve admitted two fingers and showed chronic thickening.Aorta and coronary arteries healthy.Lungs.Right 23 oz., left 18 oz.Right pleural cavity contained pints of slightly blood-stained fluid.Right lung bound iewn to diaphragm by fairly recent adhesions; the lung uis collapsed, and there was a calcareous nodule in the Xwer lobe.Left lung free from pleurisy; on section con- 'ted; two small ccalcareous nodules in the upper lobe;no tubercle in bronchial glands.'Abdomen.No excess of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.Recent &&esions in the right iliac fossa which limited an abscess und the heaod of the caecum.Stomach and small intes- 1showed nothing of note.Caecum and large intestine wended and walls thickened.The blind end of the
Controlled cardiac reoxygenation does not improve myocardial function following global myocardial ischemia
Authors: J. Michael Smith, William H. Roberts, Jeffrey D. Miller, Kimberly A. Hasselfeld, Mary Pat Hendy
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2006)

It has been shown that abrupt re-exposure of ischemic myocardium to oxygen can lead to increased peroxidative damage to myocytes (oxygen paradox). Controlled cardiac reoxygenation, as an adjunct to substrate-enhanced cardioplegia, has been shown to improve myocardial function and limit reperfusion injury when utilizing standardized hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of controlled reoxygenation on myocardial function following global ischemia employing normoxic CPB.Nineteen female swine (30-40kg) were placed on vented, normoxic CPB. They were subjected to 45-50min of unprotected global ischemia (aortic cross clamping) followed by 30min of controlled cardiac reperfusion utilizing substrate-enhanced cardioplegia. Group 1 maintained normoxic pO(2) (O(2) tension of 90-110mmHg). In Group 2, reoxygenation was titrated gradually and increased from venous to arterial levels (O(2) tensions from 40 to 110mmHg over 15min). We measured coronary sinus blood samples for CK, CK-MB, nitric oxide, and conjugated dienes at baseline, 5min into the cardioplegic resuscitation, 5min after the cross clamp removal, and just prior to the termination of the study. Hearts were pathologically studied and scored for evidence of tissue peroxidation.Although not significantly different, Group 1 (normoxic reperfusion) animals were more likely to wean from CPB (p=0.141) and had a higher mean arterial pressure (p=0.556). In Group 1, conjugated dienes were significantly higher 5min into the resuscitative protocol (p=0.018) and at the termination of bypass (p=0.035). Five of six animals in Group 1 eventually attained normal sinus rhythm as opposed to three out of 13 in Group 2 (p=0.041). There was no significant difference in histology scoring between the two groups for tissue peroxidation.This study of controlled cardiac reoxygenation in a lethal ischemic swine model failed to demonstrate that the use of controlled reoxygenation on the myocardial function following global ischemia was better with maintained normoxic pO(2) (with O(2) tensions of 90-110mmHg) than when reoxygenation was titrated gradually and increased from venous to arterial levels (O(2) tensions from 40 to 110mmHg over 15min).
Generalized racemose livedo with cerebrovascular lesions (Sneddon syndrome): an occlusive arteriolopathy due to proliferation and migration of medial smooth muscle cells
Authors: W. Ch. MARSCH, R. MUCKELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Generalized racemose livedo with cerebrovascular lesions (Sneddon syndrome): an occlusive arteriolopathy due to proliferation and migration of medial smooth muscle cells Get access W. Ch. MARSCH, W. Ch. MARSCH Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Charlottenburg, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, W. Germany Dr Wolfgang Ch. Marsch, Hautpoliklinik, Klinikum Charlottenburg, Freie Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz I, D‐1000 Berlin 65, West Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MUCKELMANN R. MUCKELMANN Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Charlottenburg, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, W. Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 6, 1 June 1985, Pages 703–708, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02341.x Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Accepted: 12 November 1984 Published: 01 June 1985
Medical Competition Shouldn't Be Lethal
Authors: Philip R. Alper
Journal: JAMA (1985)

THERE is an apocalyptic ring to most characterizations of change currently taking place in health care. Representatives of government, the insurance industry, forprofit medical entrepreneurs, and various health planners and consultants in and out of academia are united in predicting the demise of fee-for-service medical practice. Solo practice, in particular, has been targeted for extinction.  Competition is the byword of the day. Under this rubric, an avalanche of hype and exaggeration has descended on the medical community. If we are befuddled, it is deliberate. The principles of marketing, advertising, and business advantage are so alien to our medical-science backgrounds that what is being asked of us is akin to learning to mix oil and water.  To practicing physicians like myself, the future would seem bleak indeed. Yet, there is so much talk about what will be that it is easy to forget what actually is. Both fee-for-service and solo medical
A case for private practice?
Authors: K F R Schiller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The overall objective of this rapid review was to identify infection protection and control recommendations from published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for adults aged 60 years and older in long-term care settings <h3>Methods</h3> Comprehensive searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and relevant CPG publishers/repositories were carried out in early March 2020. Title/abstract and full-text screening, data abstraction, and quality appraisal (AGREE-II) were carried out by single reviewers. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 17 relevant CPGs were identified, published in the USA (n=8), Canada (n=6), Australia (n=2), and the United Kingdom (n=1). All of the CPGs dealt with infection control in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and addressed various types of viral respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome). Ten or more CPGs recommended the following infection control measures in LTCF: hand hygiene (n=13), wearing personal protective equipment (n=13), social distancing or isolation (n=13), disinfecting surfaces (n=12), droplet precautions (n=12), surveillance and evaluation (n=11), and using diagnostic testing to confirm illness (n=10). While only two or more CPGs recommended these infection control measures: policies and procedures for visitors, staff and/or residents (n=9), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette (n=9), providing supplies (n=9), staff and/or residents education (n=8), increasing communication (n=6), consulting or notifying health professionals (n=6), appropriate ventilation practices (n=2), and cohorting equipment (n=2). Ten CPGs also addressed management of viral respiratory infections in LTCF and recommended antiviral chemoprophylaxis (n=10) and one CPG recommended early mobilization of residents. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The recommendations from current guidelines overall seem to support environmental measures for infection prevention and antiviral chemoprophylaxis for infection management as the most appropriate first-line response to viral respiratory illness in long-term care.
Acrylic Replacement After Segmental Resection of Bone
Authors: J. M. P. Clark, A. C. Bingold
Journal: BMJ (1952)

PILONIDAL SINUS OF AXILLA BoR 903and no acid-fast bacilli.Culture gave a scanty growth of Staph.albus resistant to penicillin.After this operation the wound broke down and further atcessory sinuses developed, and suppuration was renewed in spite of intensive strepto- mycin therapy.On June 7, 1951, a further unsuccessful attempt at excision