tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Patency with a New-Design Teflon Biliary Prosthesis
Authors: U. Seitz, H. Vadeyar, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Clogging of biliary endoprosthesis has been a persistent problem faced by endoscopists over many years. Evidence suggests that incorporating sideholes increases the risk of plastic stents clogging. We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized study comparing 10 Fr Teflon pigtail (PT) stents with sideholes to a new design 10Fr Teflon straight stent without sideholes, designated as the "Tannenbaum" (TB) stent. Seventy-four consecutive patients were treated with the PT stent and 55 consecutive patients with the TB stent in two different periods. All patients had malignant distal biliary obstruction with jaundice. Stent insertion was successful in all patients, and a significant reduction in serum bilirubin levels was achieved. All follow-up patients, except one in the TB group, had died at the time of reporting. Median survival in the PT group was 100 days (range: 6-636 days) and 130 days (range: 3-703 days) in the TB group. Median follow-up in the PT group was 104 days (range: 6-636 days) and 141 days (range: 3-537 days) in the TB group. Statistical analysis shows significantly longer patency for the TB stent (p < 0.02). Moreover, the results of the TB stent compared favorably with the published results of metallic self-expandable biliary stents. We believe the TB stent holds great promise for the future of endoscopic biliary stenting. Prospective randomized studies comparing the TB stent with existing plastic and metal stents are, however, necessary.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a cap-assisted highly flexible colonoscope in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis
Authors: So Nakaji, Nobuto Hirata, Kenji Yamauchi, Toshiyasu Shiratori, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Fujii, Eiji Ishii
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

In this retrospective study of 10 patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using a cap-assisted thin highly flexible colonoscope was done for treatment of bile duct stones. In five patients, the papilla of Vater was successfully reached using the colonoscope alone. However, in the other five patients, combination with an overtube was needed to reach the papilla. In all cases, complete removal of bile duct stones was accomplished. Procedure-related adverse events occurred in two cases. In conclusion, use of a cap-assisted thin highly flexible colonoscope for ERCP was successful in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis.
Epidemiologic Analysis of Warfare-Reply
Authors: Richard M. Garfield
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> — We are sorry that Dr Glatt was offended, but we defend the methods used in our article, which was an overview of 200 years of warfare, with only limited space devoted to World War II. The point of Table 4 was to highlight the increase in war-related deaths among civilians, including captive civilian populations, which has occurred in the 20th century. More than 33 million war-related deaths occurred among civilians in World War II (Table 4), which include 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust. Glatt calls the destruction of European Jewry "the single most barbaric episode in the history of humankind." We agree with his assessment. However, the vast majority of these deaths would not have occurred outside the context of war. Our analysis was intended to show that the indirect effects of warfare on civilians are increasing rapidly. These conclusions are not altered whether the
Abstract 5138: Expression and circulating levels of VEGFC/VEGFD and their receptor VEGFR2, R3 in renal cell cancer: Relationship with clinicopathological parameters
Authors: Thibault de La Motte Rouge, Roger Mouawad, Eva Comperat, Jean-Christophe Thery, Stephane Vignot, Morgan Roupret, Jean-Philippe Spano, David Khayat
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Vascular endothelial growth factors C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-2, R-3, are overexpressed in different malignancies and associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. In renal cell cancer (RCC) lymphatic tumor spread exists but data focusing on lymphangiogenesis are rare. Since the VEGF-C/VEGF-D/VEGFR-2, R-3 axis appears to be the signaling pathway for tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention; we analyzed the expression and the presence of the soluble forms in 30 non treated metastatic RCC patients and results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Tumor and sera from 30 metastatic renal cell cancer patients (20 clear cell (ccRCC)&amp;10 papillary (pRCC) were included in this study. The expressions of VEGFR-2,R-3 &amp;VEGF-C,-D expressions on tumor were evaluated by immunohistochemestry. Using ELISA assays, soluble vegfr-2–3 &amp;sVEGF-C,-D were measured in sera of RCC patients in comparison to 20 healthy controls. Results: In overall patients, a high expression of VEGF-C,-D and their receptors were observed in more than 55% of the patients as compared to the negative control. Regarding circulating VEGF-C,-D, R2, R-3 they were variable in all samples from either patients or healthy donors. Only median sVEGF- R3 level was significantly higher (p=0.005) in RCC patients as compared to healthy donors. VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression was significantly correlated (r’=0.43, p=0.02) with each other but not with the expression of its receptors. An inverse correlation between Flt-4 expression &amp; its soluble form was noted (r=−0.33 p=0.040). The expression of VEGF-C, VECF-D and sVEGFR-3 were significantly higher in pRCC than ccRCC (p=0.02, 0.01 and 0.035 respectively). The expression of VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 were not different between the subgroups (p=0.11). Furthermore, no correlation with clinicopathological parameters was shown in either overall patients or in the two subgroups. Conclusions: we showed that in RCC the lymphangiogenic factors are expressed or present as soluble form, a different expression pattern in ccRCC and pRCC existe. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine if lymphangiogenesis can play a role as a prognostic tool or a target for therapeutic intervention in renal cell carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5138. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5138
The History of Gastroenterology
Authors: I. Forgacs
Journal: Gut (1996)

Letters, Book reviews associated with parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy, which is, in turn, associated with accelerated gastric emptying.As the disease becomes chronic, we hypothesise that a sympathetic neuropathy occurs as well, which manifests itself as delayed gastric emptying.The findings of Dumitrascu et al support this notion as their study shows that patients with chronic renal failure may have accelerated, normal, or delayed gastric emptying depending upon whether the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems are involved.While their findings do not exactly parallel the findings of our.study, their results do suggest that the autonomic nervous system has a variable influence on retarding or accelerating the rate of gastric emptying in either disorder.
Physical model-based non-rigid registration incorporating statistical shape information
Authors: Yongmei Wang, Lawrence H. Staib
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2000)

This paper describes two new atlas-based methods of 2D single modality non-rigid registration using the combined power of physical and statistical shape models. The transformations are constrained to be consistent with the physical properties of deformable elastic solids in the first method and those of viscous fluids in the second, to maintain smoothness and continuity. A Bayesian formulation, based on each physical model, an intensity similarity measure, and statistical shape information embedded in corresponding boundary points, is employed to derive more accurate and robust approaches to non-rigid registration. A dense set of forces arises from the intensity similarity measure to accommodate complex anatomical details. A sparse set of forces constrains consistency with statistical shape models derived from a training set. A number of experiments were performed on both synthetic and real medical images of the brain and heart to evaluate the approaches. It is shown that statistical boundary shape information significantly augments and improves physical model-based non-rigid registration and the two methods we present each have advantages under different conditions.
Drug and Neurotransmitter Receptors
Authors: Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our understanding of drug and neurotransmitter receptors has been greatly advanced by receptor binding techniques. The theme of multiple-receptor subtypes with clinical relevance is highlighted by calcium antagonist and benzodiazepine receptors. Numerous drugs may exert therapeutic and untoward effects via calcium channels. Examples include effects of loperamide hydrochloride on diarrhea, the phenothiazine thioridazine hydrochloride on cardiac and ejaculatory function, and the neuromuscular toxicity of aminoglycosides. Elevated numbers of calcium antagonist receptors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. Benzodiazepines act via discrete central and peripheral receptors. At central receptors, benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are localized to mitochondria and enriched in several endocrine glands where they are influenced by therapeutic blood levels of benzodiazepines such as diazepam.
IMPORTANCE OF PEDIATRIC CARE IN OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF HARELIP AND CLEFT PALATE
Authors: J. A. HENSKE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In reviewing the reports in the literature of infants with the defects of cleft palate and harelip I find that practically all the articles deal with the surgical aspect of the condition and very few are devoted to the pediatric care of these cases. I note also that there is a difference of opinion among the surgeons, not only in this country, but particularly in the British Isles and Europe, as to the time of operation. Mr. Addison<sup>1</sup>and Mr. Taynor of England advocate operation within the first to the third year and later. The majority of American surgeons, and particularly the oral surgeons, advocate the early operation within the first few weeks of life. Their opinion may be summed up by the following statement of Dr. Truman Brophy,<sup>2</sup>who says: A cleft palate is a fissure, a separation of well developed parts, not with rare exceptions the
GW25-e3107 Protective Effects of Jiashen Prescription on Ventricular Remodeling in the Early Period of Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: Xie Shiyang, Youping Wang, Bin Li, Xiaoli Nan, Yanyan Liu, Yuan Gao, Zhu Mingjun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Crunching the numbers
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

attenuated.Strengths of our study include its population based nature, long follow up, and quantitative evaluation of retinal arteriolar diameters. Clinical implications Our results may have potential clinical implications.There is increasing recognition of the value of specifically targeting the microcirculation in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and its complications. 19 20 For example, there is some evidence that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have direct beneficial effects on microvascular structure and may have therapeutic value in preventing cardiovascular morbidity beyond that of lowering blood pressure. 21ur study indicates that further research to evaluate approaches to treatment focused on the microcirculation may be important.
Myocardial Perforation by a Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker
Authors: Arthur J. Moss, Robert Rivers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

SINCE the introduction of permanent transvenous cardiac pacemakers for the treatment of complete heart block in 1963,§ 18 Medtronic¶ pacemaker units have been inserted via the jugular approach in 16 different patients at the Strong Memorial Hospital. In 1 patient irregular pacing developed with recurrent Stokes–Adams attacks. In retrospect, pacemaker failure was considered to be due to catheter perforation of the right ventricle.Case ReportA 73-year-old woman with chronic intermittent complete heart block and Stokes–Adams attacks (S.M.H. 00–44–04) had a permanent transvenous pacemaker inserted via the right external jugular vein under fiuoroscopic visualization into the apex of the right . . .
Regulatory B cell production of IL-10 inhibits lymphoma depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice
Authors: Mayuka Horikawa, Veronique Minard-Colin, Takashi Matsushita, Thomas F. Tedder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Current therapies for non-Hodgkin lymphoma commonly include CD20 mAb to deplete tumor cells. However, the response is not durable in a substantial proportion of patients. Herein, we report our studies in mice testing the hypothesis that heterogeneity in endogenous tissue CD20+ B cell depletion influences in vivo lymphoma therapy. Using highly effective CD20 mAbs that efficiently deplete endogenous mature B cells and homologous CD20+ primary lymphoma cells through monocyte- and antibody-dependent mechanisms, we found that lymphoma depletion and survival were reduced when endogenous host B cells were not depleted, particularly a rare IL-10-producing B cell subset (B10 cells) known to regulate inflammation and autoimmunity. Even small numbers of adoptively transferred B10 cells dramatically suppressed CD20 mAb-mediated lymphoma depletion by inhibiting mAb-mediated monocyte activation and effector function through IL-10-dependent mechanisms. However, the activation of innate effector cells using a TLR3 agonist that did not activate B10 cells overcame the negative regulatory effects of endogenous B10 cells and enhanced lymphoma depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in vivo. Thus, we conclude that endogenous B10 cells are potent negative regulators of innate immunity, with even small numbers of residual B10 cells able to inhibit lymphoma depletion by CD20 mAbs. Consequently, B10 cell removal could provide a way to optimize CD20 mAb-mediated clearance of malignant B cells in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
TEL-AML1 regulation of survivin and apoptosis via miRNA-494 and miRNA-320a
Authors: Christofer Diakos, Sheng Zhong, Yuanyuan Xiao, Mi Zhou, Gisele M. Vasconcelos, Gerd Krapf, Ru-Fang Yeh, Shichun Zheng, Michelle Kang, John K. Wiencke, Maria S. Pombo-de-Oliveira, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Joseph L. Wiemels
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE RELATION OF IODIN TO THE THYROID GLAND.
Authors: REID HUNT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>PART I. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PERCENTAGE OF IODIN AND THE PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF THE THYROID.</h3> The question of the relation of iodin to the thyroid had been a subject of active discussion for many years, even before the discovery by Baumann (in 1895) that iodin is usually present in this gland; this interest resulted from the fact that iodin had been in constant use in the treatment of goiter since about 1820. In fact, substances containing iodin had been used in the treatment of this condition for many centuries before the discovery of iodin itself. With Baumann's discovery, however, a new era in the physiology of the thyroid began. The view that the function of the thyroid consists, in part at least, in the production of an internal secretion and that this secretion contains iodin, rapidly gained favor. Apparently the earlier workers in this field had no doubt about
Clonal development from a progenitor with restricted differentiative expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Anna Maria Ferraris, Letizia Canepa, Luisa Massimo, Giorgio Dini, Giorgio Broccia, Tullio Meloni, Gavino Forteleoni, Cecilia Melani, Gian Franco Gaetani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and heterozygous for the Mediterranean variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) have been investigated with the 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2dG6P) method to determine the number and type of progenitor cells in which the disease arose. A monoclonal origin was established for the lymphoblasts, while the other hemopoietic cell lines were not involved in the leukemic process.
Modulation of biological processes in the nucleus by delivery of DNA oligonucleotides conjugated with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dong-Wook Kim, Jae-Hong Kim, Mira Park, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Hayoung Go, Sudeok Kim, Min Su Han, Kangseok Lee, Jeehyeon Bae
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Number of Excised Lymph Nodes as a Quality Assurance Measure for Lymphadenectomy in Melanoma
Authors: Carlo Riccardo Rossi, Nicola Mozzillo, Andrea Maurichi, Sandro Pasquali, Giuseppe Macripò, Lorenzo Borgognoni, Nicola Solari, Dario Piazzalunga, Luigi Mascheroni, Giuseppe Giudice, Simone Mocellin, Roberto Patuzzo, Corrado Caracò, Simone Ribero, Ugo Marone, Mario Santinami
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Although the number of excised lymph nodes (LNs) represents a quality assurance measure in lymphadenectomy for many solid tumors, the minimum number of LNs to be dissected has not been established for melanoma.To investigate the distribution of the number of excised LNs in a large patient series (N = 2526) to identify values that may serve as benchmarks for monitoring the quality of lymphadenectomy in patients with melanoma.A retrospective multicenter study was conducted (1992-2010) in tertiary referral centers for treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Medical records on 2526 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy for regional LN metastasis associated with cutaneous melanoma were examined.Patients had undergone lymphadenectomy for regional LN metastasis.The mean, median, and 10th percentile of the number of excised LNs were calculated for the axilla (3 levels), neck (≤3 or ≥4 dissected levels), inguinal, and ilioinguinal LN fields.After 3-level axillary (n = 1150), 3-level or less neck (n = 77), 4-level or more neck (n = 135), inguinal (n = 209), and ilioinguinal (n = 955) dissections, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) and mean (SD) number of excised LNs were as follows: 3-level axillary dissection, 20 (15-27) and 22 (8); 3-level or less neck, 21 (14-33) and 24 (15); 4-level or more neck, 29 (21-41) and 31 (14); inguinal, 11 ( 9-14) and 12 (5); and ilioinguinal, 21 (16-26) and 22 (4). A total of 90% of the patients had 12, 7, 14, 6, and 13 excised LNs (10th percentile of the distribution) after 3-level axillary, 3-level or less neck, 4-level or more neck, inguinal, and ilioinguinal dissections, respectively. More excised LNs were detected in younger (21 for those <54 years of age and 19 for ≥54 years, P < .001) and male (21 for male sex and 19 for female sex, P < .001) patients from high-volume institutions (21 for volume of ≥300 vs 18 for volume <300, P < .001) with a more recent year of diagnosis (21 for years 2002-2010 vs 18 for years 1992-2001, P < .001), LN micrometastasis vs macrometastasis (20 vs 19, P = .005), and more positive LNs (R² = 0.03, P < .001); however, the differences between median values were small.These minimum numbers of excised LNs are reproducible across the institution, patient, and tumor factors evaluated. They can be taken into consideration when monitoring the quality of lymphadenectomy in melanoma and can represent entry criteria for randomized trials investigating adjuvant therapies.
Maternal Exposure to Criteria Air Pollutants and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: Results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Jeanette A. Stingone, Thomas J. Luben, Julie L. Daniels, Montserrat Fuentes, David B. Richardson, Arthur S. Aylsworth, Amy H. Herring, Marlene Anderka, Lorenzo Botto, Adolfo Correa, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Peter H. Langlois, Bridget Mosley, Gary M. Shaw, Csaba Siffel, Andrew F. Olshan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Epidemiologic literature suggests that exposure to air pollutants is associated with fetal development.
Stem cell therapy doctor struck off by the GMC
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A Dutch doctor who exploited vulnerable people with multiple sclerosis by charging them thousands of pounds for unproven stem cell treatments has been banned from practice in the UK by the General Medical Council.

Robert Trossel, 56, who practised in London and Rotterdam, gave “false hope and made unsubstantiated and exaggerated claims to patients suffering from degenerative and devastating illnesses,” said GMC fitness to practise panel chairman Brian Gomes da Costa.

The panel held that Dr Trossel’s misconduct was “fundamentally incompatible with being a doctor” and ordered that his name be erased from the …
Book Review Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatopathology: A Text and Atlas Vol. II. By Ruggero Caputo, A. Bernard Ackerman, and Evita Q. Sison-Torre. 505 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1993. $165. 0-8121-1314-4
Authors: Paul J. Honig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Neurogenic inflammation and colliquative lymphadenitis with persistent orthopox virus<scp>DNA</scp>detection in a human case of cowpox virus infection transmitted by a domestic cat
Authors: S. Hobi, R.S. Mueller, M. Hill, A. Nitsche, T. Löscher, W. Guggemos, S. Ständer, D. Rjosk‐Dendorfer, A. Wollenberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Cowpox viruses are orthopoxviruses that may survive in the environment for years. Rodents are regarded as the primary hosts, but transmission to other species has been reported. This report describes a cowpox virus infection in a cat with subsequent transmission to its owner leading to protracted, atypical and severe clinical signs. A young cat presented with multiple crusts and plaques on the neck, muzzle and tail base. The owner developed an erythematous lesion with elevated margins, central necrosis and crust formation below the left breast, a neurogenic inflammation, enlarged regional lymph nodes, a colliquative lymphadenitis and concomitant flu-like symptoms. Cultures were taken at the first visit from the cat's lesional skin and the patient's skin, and polymerase chain reaction with sequencing of the haemagglutinin region of both were positive for cowpox virus. The patient was treated with various antibiotics and methylprednisolone and was in clinical remission after 7 months.
Quartet Mapping and the Extent of Lateral Transfer in Bacterial Genomes
Authors: V. Daubin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Several recent analyses have used quartet-based methods to assess the congruence among phylogenies derived for large sets of genes from prokaryotic genomes. The principal conclusion from these studies is that lateral gene transfer (LGT) has blurred prokaryotic phylogenies to such a degree that the darwinian scheme of treelike evolution might be abandoned in favor of a net or web. Here, we focus on one of these methods, quartet mapping, and show that its application can lead to overestimation of the extent of inferred LGT in prokaryotes, particularly when applied to distantly related taxa.