tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Renal Clearance Explains Elevated Troponin T Fragments in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Jart H.C. Diris, Christian M. Hackeng, Jeroen P. Kooman, Yigal M. Pinto, Wim T. Hermens, Marja P. van Dieijen-Visser
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Patients with severe renal dysfunction often have unexplained elevated serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT). We investigated whether in vivo fragmentation of cTnT could explain these increases.cTnT, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, and myoglobin serum concentrations were measured in all 63 dialysis patients of our in-hospital dialysis department. A highly sensitive immunoprecipitation assay, followed by electrophoresis and Western blotting, was used to extract and concentrate cTnT and its possible fragments from serum of these 63 hemodialysis patients. Although creatine kinase isoenzyme MB values excluded recent ischemic myocardial events in 55 of the 63 cases, cTnT fragments ranging in size from 8 to 25 kDa were present in the serum samples of all dialysis patients.cTnT is fragmented into molecules small enough to be cleared by the kidneys of healthy subjects. Impaired renal function causes accumulation of these cTnT fragments and is very likely the cause of the unexplained elevations of serum cTnT found in patients with severe renal failure.
Bowenoid lesions, Bowen's disease and keratoacanthomas in long-term PUVA-treated patients
Authors: CORNELIA HOFMANN, GERD PLEWIG, OTTO BRAUN-FALCO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Bowenoid lesions, Bowen's disease and keratoacanthomas in long‐term PUVA‐treated patients Get access CORNELIA HOFMANN, CORNELIA HOFMANN Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Germany Dr C. Hofmann, Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, 8000 Munich 2, West Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GERD PLEWIG, GERD PLEWIG Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OTTO BRAUN‐FALCO OTTO BRAUN‐FALCO Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 101, Issue 6, 1 December 1979, Pages 685–692, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05647.x Published: 01 December 1979
Bone, Acid, and Osteoporosis
Authors: Jeffrey A. Kraut, Jack W. Coburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

“Life is a struggle, not against sin, not against the Money Power, not against malicious animal magnetism, but against hydrogen ions”1. These words, written by H.L. Mencken about the meaning of life and death, may also apply to the struggle of the healthy skeleton against the deleterious effects of retained acid.Long-term acid loading in humans causes an increase in renal acid excretion that peaks in three to five days. The total increment in net acid excretion by the kidneys, however, is often lower than total acid production, resulting in a positive hydrogen-ion balance. The serum bicarbonate concentration falls . . .
Hospital care for adults with cystic fibrosis: an overview and comparison between special cystic fibrosis clinics and general clinics using a patient questionnaire.
Authors: S Walters, J Britton, M E Hodson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Provision of medical care for adult patients with cystic fibrosis is an increasing problem as the number of patients surviving into adulthood increases. Recent reports have suggested that care is best provided in specialist centres because of longer survival. Recent changes in the National Health Service funding and delivery of service may adversely affect the provision of such a specialist service. The aim of this study was to assess the current pattern of medical service received by adults with cystic fibrosis and to compare the type of care between special cystic fibrosis and general clinics. METHODS--Confidential postal questionnaires were sent to all 1052 members of the Association of Cystic Fibrosis Adults (ACFA) comprising 59% of the UK population of cystic fibrosis patients over 15 years and 80% over 25 years of age. The response rate was 82%. RESULTS--Two thirds of patients were attending special cystic fibrosis clinics for either adults or adults and children. There were significant differences in the proportion of patients using special cystic fibrosis clinics between regions but not between social class groups. Significant differences between cystic fibrosis and general clinics were noted. Patients attending cystic fibrosis clinics were more likely to have had simple clinical investigations (blood tests, sputum culture, oxygen saturation, chest radiography, weight and lung function measurement) in the previous year. They were also more likely to have received intravenous antibiotics at home, and to have access to paramedical personnel. Patients attending cystic fibrosis clinics were taking higher doses of pancreatic enzyme supplements with respect to quantity and potency of preparation. Such patients also had less severe symptoms irrespective of social class, and were more likely to be satisfied with professional aspects of their care. Regardless of type of clinic, potential deficiencies were identified in overall medical care with omission of clinical investigations in severely affected patients and evidence of undertreated respiratory and digestive symptoms in patients with moderate and severe disease. CONCLUSIONS--This survey provides evidence that adults with cystic fibrosis attending special cystic fibrosis clinics receive more intensive care, have better symptom control, and are more satisfied with the service provided than those attending general clinics.
The Jewish Doctor: A Narrative History
Authors: David L. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>The Jewish Doctor</i>is aimed at a general Jewish readership that would wish an entree into the specialized literature on the history of medical practice among the Jewish people. In format, it is mostly a series of fablelike stories about past Jewish physicians. The first half consists of brief biographic sketches of about 20 premodern Jewish physicians in a rough historic order, from the seventh-century writer Asaph, to early medievals Isaac Judaeus and Moses Maimonides, then to lesser knowns before the age of enlightenment. They are shown to have been physicians of fame, influence, and erudition, talented writers, polemicists, moralists, and defenders of their faith, who remained devoted to their calling under personal threat and adverse social conditions. These doctor stories are taken from Harry Friedenwald's<i>The Jews and Medicine</i>, Harry Savitz'<i>Profiles of Erudite Jewish Physicians and Scholars</i>, and others, which are slavishly abstracted, paraphrased, and quoted. The second
The antileukemia activity of a human anti-CD40 antagonist antibody, HCD122, on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Mohammad Luqman, Sha Klabunde, Karen Lin, Georgios V. Georgakis, Anu Cherukuri, Jocelyn Holash, Cheryl Goldbeck, Xiaomei Xu, Edward E. Kadel, Sang Hoon Lee, Sharon Lea Aukerman, Bahija Jallal, Natasha Aziz, Wen-Kai Weng, William Wierda, Susan O'Brien, Anas Younes
Journal: Blood (2008)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the surface expression of CD20, CD5 antigens, as well as the receptor CD40. Activation of CD40 by its ligand (CD40L) induces proliferation and rescues the cells from spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. CD40 activation also induces secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and GM-CSF, which are involved in tumor cell survival, migration, and interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that in primary B-CLL tumor cells, the novel antagonist anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, HCD122, inhibits CD40L-induced activation of signaling pathways, proliferation and survival, and secretion of cytokines. Furthermore, HCD122 is also a potent mediator of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), lysing B-CLL cells more efficiently than rituximab in vitro, despite a significantly higher number of cell surface CD20 binding sites compared with CD40. Unlike rituximab, however, HCD122 (formerly CHIR-12.12) does not internalize upon binding to the cells. Our data suggest that HCD122 may inhibit B-CLL growth by blocking CD40 signaling and by ADCC-mediated cell lysis.
Preparation and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles entrapping immunodominant peptide conjugated with PEG for oral tolerance induction
Authors: Woo-kyoung Lee, Jong-yeun Park, Sangho Jung, Chul Woo Yang, Wan-Uk Kim, Ho-Youn Kim, Jae-Hun Park, Jong-sang Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Bone Mineral Density in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Hunter Heath III
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 August 1996Bone Mineral Density in Non-Insulin-Dependent DiabetesHunter Heath III, MDHunter Heath III, MDUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-3-199608010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest and mild disappointment the recent exchange of letters between Dr. McKenna [1] and van Daele and colleagues [2], who discussed bone mineral density in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Dr. McKenna asks whether “stress fractures in the foot occur more frequently than in controls,” and van Daele and colleagues agree that this is an interesting question. In 1980, my colleagues and I at the Mayo Clinic conducted a population-based fracture incidence study in the diabetic population (986 cases) of Rochester, Minnesota, because concern had been raised about osteopenia in diabetic persons [3]. Our ...References1. McKenna MJ. Bone mineral density in non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:731. Google Scholar2. van Daele PL, Birkenhager JC, Pols HA. Bone mineral density in non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:731. Google Scholar3. Heath H 3d, Melton LJ 3d, Chu CP. Diabetes mellitus and risk of skeletal fracture. N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:567-70. Google Scholar4. Daly PJ, Fitzgerald RH, Melton LJ 3d, Ilstrup DM. Epidemiology of ankle fractures in Rochester, Minnesota. Acta Orthop Scand. 1987; 58:539-44. Google Scholar5. Heath H 3d, Lambert PW, Service FJ, Arnaud SB. Calcium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979; 49:462-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hunter Heath III, MDAffiliations: University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOstéopathies endocriniennes (en dehors de l'hyperparathyroïdie)Osteopatías endocrinas (exceptuando el hiperparatiroidismo) 1 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 3Page: 253KeywordsAnklesBone densityEpidemiologyHipHumerusNeuropathyObesityOsteopeniaSpineType 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In defence of one step nucleic acid amplification for intraoperative assessment of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Z. Rayter
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Dixon and colleagues made several damning comments about one step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA), which is used intraoperatively to assess whether sentinel lymph nodes contain metastases.1 These are based on one seriously flawed meta-analysis.2 

Firstly, it stated that many published papers on OSNA were financed by the manufacturer (Sysmex, Japan), which is untrue.

Secondly, it quoted a positive predictive value of OSNA for axillary lymph node metastasis of only 0.79 when it should have been 0.86 on the basis of the data presented in …
Norepinephrine Depletion in Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: HERMES A. KONTOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Five patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and defective vasoconstrictor responses to the Valsalva maneuver and to application of ice to the forehead were found to have absent vasoconstriction in the forearm in response to intra-arterial administration of tyramine and enhanced vasoconstrictor responses in response to intra-arterial administration of norepinephrine. These findings strongly suggested norepinephrine depletion from the nerve endings and inability of the sympathetic nerve endings to take up norepinephrine. The depletion of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings was confirmed in four patients by demonstrating histochemically the absence of catecholamine-specific fluorescence in sympathetic vasomotor nerves from deltoid muscle. It is suggested that depletion of norepinephrine from nerve endings was responsible for autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension in these patients.
RANK Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells and Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Marta Palafox, Irene Ferrer, Pasquale Pellegrini, Sergi Vila, Sara Hernandez-Ortega, Ander Urruticoechea, Fina Climent, Maria Teresa Soler, Purificación Muñoz, Francesc Viñals, Mark Tometsko, Dan Branstetter, William C. Dougall, Eva González-Suárez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Paracrine signaling through receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) pathway mediates the expansion of mammary epithelia that occurs during pregnancy, and activation of RANK pathway promotes mammary tumorigenesis in mice. In this study we extend these previous data to human cells and show that the RANK pathway promotes the development of mammary stem cells and breast cancer. Overexpression of RANK (FL-RANK) in a panel of tumoral and normal human mammary cells induces the expression of breast cancer stem and basal/stem cell markers. High levels of RANK in untransformed MCF10A cells induce changes associated with both stemness and transformation, including mammary gland reconstitution, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), increased migration, and anchorage-independent growth. In addition, spheroids of RANK overexpressing MCF10A cells display disrupted acinar formation, impair growth arrest and polarization, and luminal filling. RANK overexpression in tumor cells with nonfunctional BRCA1 enhances invasiveness in acinar cultures and increases tumorigenesis and metastasis in immunodeficient mice. High levels of RANK were found in human primary breast adenocarcinomas that lack expression of the hormone receptors, estrogen and progesterone, and in tumors with high pathologic grade and proliferation index; high RANK/RANKL expression was significantly associated with metastatic tumors. Together, our findings show that RANK promotes tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in human mammary epithelial cells by increasing the population of CD44+CD24− cells, inducing stemness and EMT. These results suggest that RANK expression in primary breast cancer associates with poor prognosis. Cancer Res; 72(11); 2879–88. ©2012 AACR.
Left lower lobe ventilation and its relation to cardiomegaly and posture.
Authors: M. S. Alexander, R. N. Arnot, J. P. Lavender
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Etude scintigraphique de la perfusion et de la ventilation chez des sujets âges (+ de 65 ans) et chez des temoins. La cardiomegalie peut entrainer une perte partielle ou meme totale de la ventilation dans le lobe inferieur gauche, et cette perte depend de la position du sujet. Apres chirurgie cardiaque, le passage de la supination a la pronation peut ameliorer nettement la ventilation
Abstract 1189: Establishment of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as a preclinical platform for drug development
Authors: Patrick Carlson, Jill Ricono, Chelsea Mullins, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Praveen Nair
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer comprises 15-20% of all lung cancer cases, and is more invasive and has a higher rate of proliferation with respect to non-small cell lung cancer, leading to a higher mortality rate. Most cases are responsive to chemotherapy, however there is a high rate of recurrence with treated patients and those in advanced stage of the disease often have a refractory response to treatment. As such, the need for new treatment modalities is critical. Use of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models as clinically-relevant preclinical model for novel drug development has gained widespread adoption in recent years. In previous work, we have reported using the Molecular Response tumor bank, comprising &amp;gt;144,000 viable tumor specimens, to establish more than 100 PDX models of various cancer types. In this work, we describe the development of 8 new SCLC PDX models established from a collection of &amp;gt;300 small cell lung cancer specimens, many of which come from prior-treated and metastatic patients. We report a comprehensive characterization of these models, including: histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing. Additionally, we have evaluated functional response of these models with in vivo pharmacology studies. Current studies are underway to derive correlations between in vivo drug response and mutational status of these models. Our data strongly suggests the potential to use these unique PDX models to aid in efforts in drug development efforts in oncology. Citation Format: Patrick Carlson, Jill Ricono, Chelsea Mullins, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Praveen Nair. Establishment of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as a preclinical platform for drug development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1189
Reports of clinical trials should begin and end with up-to-date systematic reviews of other relevant evidence: a status report
Authors: Mike Clarke, Sally Hopewell, Lain Chalmers
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Summary Objective Scientific and ethical justification for new clinical trials requires them to have been designed in the light of scientifically defensible assessments of relevant previous research. Reliable interpretation of the results of new clinical trials entails setting them in the context of updates of the reviews upon which they were deemed scientifically and ethically justifiable. We have shown previously that most reports of randomized trials published in five general medical journals in May 1997 and in May 2001 failed to set their results in the context of the findings from similar research. In the current study, we assess whether there had been progress in this respect in 2005 and also investigate the extent to which reports begin by referring to systematic reviews providing the justification for the new research reported. Design Assessment of the Introduction and Discussion sections in all reports of randomized trials published during May 2005 in five general medical journals. Setting Reports of randomized trials in five general medical journals. Participants Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine. Interventions None. Main outcome measures The inclusion or mention of one or more systematic reviews in the Introduction or Discussion section of each report assessed. Results We found 18 reports of randomized trials. The Introduction sections referred to systematic reviews in five (27%) of these reports. None of the Discussion sections of the 15 reports of trials that were not the first published trials to address the question studied placed the results of the new trial in the context of an updated systematic review of other research. Although reference was made to relevant systematic reviews in five of these 15 reports, there was no integration—quantitative or qualitative—of the results of the new trials in an update of these reviews. In the remaining ten reports there was no evidence that any systematic attempt had been made to set the new results in the context of previous trials. Conclusions There is no evidence of progress between 1997 and 2005 in the proportion of reports of trials published in general medical journals which discussed new results within the context of up-to-date systematic reviews of relevant evidence from other controlled trials. Although the proportion of trials referring to systematic reviews in Discussion sections has increased, the majority of reports continued to fail even to do this. Similarly, most researchers appear not to have considered a systematic review when designing their trial. Researchers and journal editors do a disservice to the interests of the public and others involved in healthcare decision-making by acquiescing in this situation.
Are too many patients with mental handicap being discharged from hospital?
Authors: J Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Background</h3> Initial medication non-adherence is highly prevalent in primary care but no previous studies have evaluated its impact on the use of healthcare services and/or days on sick leave. <h3>Aim</h3> To estimate the impact of initial medication non-adherence on the use of healthcare services, days of sick leave, and costs overall and in specific medication groups. <h3>Design and setting</h3> A 3-year longitudinal register-based study of all primary care patients (a cohort of 1.7 million) who were prescribed a new medication in Catalonia (Spain) in 2012. <h3>Method</h3> Thirteen of the most prescribed and/or costly medication subgroups were considered. All medication and medication subgroups (chronic, analgesics, and penicillin) were analysed. The number of healthcare services used and days on sick leave were considered. Multilevel multivariate linear regression was used. Three levels were included: patient, GP, and primary care centre. <h3>Results</h3> Initially adherent patients made more use of medicines and some healthcare services than non-adherent and partially adherent patients. They had lower productivity losses, producing a net economic return, especially when drugs for acute diseases (such as penicillins) were considered. Initial medication non-adherence resulted in a higher economic burden to the system in the short term. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Initial medication non-adherence seems to have a short-term impact on productivity losses and costs. The clinical consequences and long-term economic consequences of initial medication non-adherence need to be assessed. Interventions to promote initial medication adherence in primary care may reduce costs and improve health outcomes.
Thyroid Function and Metabolic State in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: D A Spector, P J Davis, J H Helderman, B Bell, R D Utiger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Thirty-eight patients with chronic renal insufficiency who were in a dialysis program underwent studies of thyroid function and metabolic status. Mean values for serum total and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations and thyroxine-binding globulin capacity were within normal limits. Although mean serum total triiodothyronine (T3) concentration was normal, 43% of the group had low serum T3 and 54% had low serum free T3 concentrations. Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations were normal in all but four subjects who had very slight elevations. Metabolic status was assessed by various metabolic tests; mean values for each of these tests were normal, and the clinical index scores indicated that all patients were euthyroid. Results of metabolic testing were similar in patients with low and those with normal serum T3 concentrations. Low serum T3 measurements did not accurately reflect metabolic state in patients with chronic renal failure, whereas serum free T4 and TSH concentrations were reliable indicators of thyroid state.