tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema 24 Hours after Antenatal Betamethasone Treatment in Preterm Sheep
Authors: KAREN E. WILLET, ALAN H. JOBE, MACHIKO IKEGAMI, JOHN NEWNHAM, PETER D. SLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

During a series of studies investigating the maturational response to antenatal glucocorticoids, we observed that 70% of lambs delivered at 128 d gestation (term = 150 d), 24 h after a single injection of 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone or betamethasone + L-thyroxine (15 microgram/kg), developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), compared with less than 5% of control animals or animals delivered 48 h or 7 d after hormone treatment. This study examined whether the lungs of animals that developed PIE were functionally or structurally different from those that did not. Lambs were mechanically ventilated for 40 min after cesarean section delivery. Hormone-treated animals with PIE were ventilated at similar peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) to control animals, whereas those without PIE were able to be ventilated at significantly lower PIP. Volume-dependent elastance (E2V), which provides an index of overdistension during mechanical ventilation, was lowest in PIE animals. Alveolar architecture was distorted in almost all ventilated animals, the most severe distortion occurring in PIE animals. There was no evidence of excessive alveolar wall thinning in PIE animals, although parenchymal collagen was 30% lower, and elastin 120% higher than in control animals. PIE was associated with structural differences, but not with overventilation.
Sorry, you're barred
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2008)

And it was all going so well. You were in the right place at the right time, looked the part, and really wanted to do it. You’d met all the right people, who were keen to get you signed up and involved.

But then they spotted a detail that marked you as a non-starter and, well, a waste of their time, frankly. Suddenly you were out of the picture, dumped and forgotten. All your desirable qualities were irrelevant, as you no longer mattered. No right of …
Tc-99m Antimony Sulfate Lymphoscintigraphy to Demonstrate Lymphatic Communication Between the Peritoneal Cavity and the Scrotum
Authors: GANG LU, WEI-JEN SHIH, CHIEN CHOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Lymphatic complications in the groin from inguinal artery surgery include lymphoceles and lymphocutaneous fistulae. Lymphatic fistula between the peritoneal cavity and the scrotum developed in a patient after excision of a cavernous lymphangioma in the inguinal region. The communication was demonstrated by Tc-99m antimony sulfate lymphoscintigraphy.
Generation of functional NKT cells in vitro from embryonic stem cells bearing rearranged invariant Vα14-Jα18 TCRα gene
Authors: Hiroshi Watarai, Andrei Rybouchkin, Naomi Hongo, Yuko Nagata, Sakura Sakata, Etsuko Sekine, Nyambayar Dashtsoodol, Takuya Tashiro, Shin-ichiro Fujii, Kanako Shimizu, Kenji Mori, Kyoko Masuda, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Haruhiko Koseki, Masaru Taniguchi
Journal: Blood (2009)
The IL1A genotype is associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults
Authors: J. Karjalainen, V‐P. Joki‐Erkkilä, J. Hulkkonen, T. Pessi, M. M. Nieminen, A. Aromaa, T. Klaukka, M. Hurme
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease often found coexisting with asthma. As this disorder tends to cluster in families, a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of NP. Methods: We analysed the single G‐to‐T base exchange polymorphism in exon 5 at +4845 of the gene encoding IL‐1 α ( IL1A ) and the C‐to‐T base exchange polymorphism at −511 of the gene encoding IL‐1 β ( IL1B ) in a population‐based sample of adult asthma patients ( n = 245). The data were assessed for correlation with data on history of NP and other phenotype‐related characteristics. Results: The prevalence of NP in our study group was 14.3%. The distribution of the IL1A genotype differed significantly between asthmatics with and without NP ( P = 0.005). The risk of NP was markedly increased in allele G homozygous subjects (OR = 2.73; 95%CI = 1.40–5.32). In the case of IL1B we found no significant associations. Asthmatics with NP had more symptoms than others, but lung function and blood eosinophil counts were similar. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an association of IL1A with NP inasthmatic patients and addresses the role of IL‐1 α as an inflammatory modulator in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Commentary: The big question remains unanswered
Authors: T. Treasure
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Data are presented on polymorphic genetic markers of 84 Welsh gypsies, members of an inbred population characterised by a high incidence of phenylketonuria and other recessively inherited diseases. Sixteen polymorphic loci were studied: the ABO blood group distribution was comparable to that of the surrounding population, the B gene frequency being 7-5%, a lower frequency than most earlier studies in gypsies. The haptoglobin 1 gene frequency (23-7%) was very different from that of the British population, resembling the frequency found in India and some previously reported gypsy groups. The data on Welsh gypsies for the various loci are discussed in relation to the known evidence for a number of European gypsy populations, and in relation to the genetic structure of these populations. It is concluded that genetic divergence has occurred in the European gypsies, and that this may have been accentuated by the dispersal, isolation, and inbreeding which have occurred during the present century.
THE HYPOTHESIS OF RECIPROCAL COMPLEMENTARITY
Authors: A. H. HOBBS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

If human functioning on the muscular, glandular, and mental levels characteristically involves circular causality rather than direct cause-effect and if, further, elements which separately function antagonistically combine reciprocally to complement each other in new functional nexuses, it seems reasonable to infer that a similar situation of circular causality and reciprocal complementarity exists between the individual and his moral codes. Since he has the power to assimilate concepts of morality in the cerebral cortex, and since the cortex is one of the factors which can initiate, facilitate, or inhibit his response, man is a positive and responsible agent rather than a passive puppet in the self-society nexus. In a subsequent article I shall show how mental disorder, alcoholism, and other conditions (and their therapy) can be interpreted in terms of reciprocal complementarity. I hope to demonstrate that at least some of the seeming contradictions in such conditions which cannot be explained by conventional cause and effect nor in terms of antagonism between emotional drives and the social controls can be explained in terms of circular causality and complementarity between man and the social codes through which he functions.
1035-217 Cardiac contractility modulation by nonexcitatory electrical currents for treating systolic heart failure early multicenter experience
Authors: Giuseppe Augello, Carlo Pappone, Salvatore Rosanio, Gabriele Vicedomini, Eustachio Agricola, Simone Sala, Yuval Mika, Michael Wolzt, Gunter Stix, Herwig Schmidinger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Differential effects of microsomal enzyme–inducing chemicals on the hepatic expression of rat organic anion transporters, OATP1 and OATP2
Authors: Lesley C. Rausch-Derra, Dylan P. Hartley, Peter J. Meier, Curtis D. Klaassen
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The organic anion transporting polypeptides, Oatp1 ( Slc21a1 ) and Oatp2 ( Slc21a5 ), mediate hepatic uptake of cardiac glycosides. Previously, we demonstrated that chemicals that increase cytochrome P450s differentially affect hepatic uptake of cardiac glycosides. We postulated that increased uptake of cardiac glycosides observed after pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital (PB) and pregnenolone–16α–carbonitrile (PCN) occurs via increased hepatic expression of Oatp1 and/or Oatp2. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with PB, PCN, 3–methylcholanthrene (3–MC), or vehicle for 4 days. Branched–DNA (bDNA) signal amplification and Western blot analyses were used to assess hepatic Oatp1 and Oatp2 mRNA and protein, respectively. The expression of Oatp1 was not increased by any chemical treatment. Increases in Oatp2 expression were observed from livers of rats treated with PB and PCN, in which PCN caused a robust elevation of Oatp2 mRNA and protein. Oatp2 expression was suppressed in response to 3–MC. To determine the temporal effects of PCN treatment on the expression of Oatp2, rats were administered PCN, livers were extracted at various times, and Oatp2 expression was analyzed. Maximal expression of Oatp2 mRNA was observed at 24 hours and remained elevated, whereas the amount of Oatp2 protein increased throughout the 96–hour interval. The finding that Oatp2 expression increases in response to PB and PCN is consistent with our previous findings that PB and PCN enhance hepatic uptake of cardiac glycosides. These results suggest that Oatp2, but not Oatp1, is inducible by PB and PCN, which imparts the increased capacity of the liver to extract cardiac glycosides from the plasma.
Equations for the prediction of normal values for exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water.
Authors: F Skrabal, R N Arnot, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

gations of adult and newborn population samples.The data indicate that 15% of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots are carriers of beta-thalassaemia genes, while 10% of the popu- lation carry alpha-thalassaemia genes.These are the highest frequencies of thalassaemia genes found today in any Caucasian population.
Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy
Authors: E. R. Wide
Journal: BMJ (1946)

skiagram of the abdomen was omitted.This proved unfortunate, as an interesting pneumogram of the gall-bladder might have been obtained.Operation.-Underspinal analgesia the abdomen was opened by a right paramedian incision.The peritoneal cavity contained a considerable quantity of foul-smelling thin brown fluid, quite unlike the usual turbid effusion of spreading peritonitis.The gall-bladder was lightly sealed off by omentum, but on exposure was found to be grossly distended, oedematous, and haemorrhagic, the greater part of the fundus being frankly gangrenous.An attempt to aspirate the contents of the gall-bladder with a syringe yielded nothing but gas, and the distended organ immediately collapsed.Two small stones could be felt in the cystic duct, but below this the duct was healthy and of very small calibre, so that cholecystectomy was easily performed.The common bile duct was apparently normal and was not opened.The wound was closed in the usual way with a drainage-tube to the gall-bladder bed.On examination the gall-bladder contained practically no fluid.The whole mucous membrane was necrotic, shaggy, and of a dark- brown colour.Two small calculi impacted in the cystic duct sharply limited the inflammatory process.No other stones were present.Cultures of the mucous membrane of the gall-bladder yielded a pure profuse growth of Cl. welchii.Progress.-Thepatient was given 20,000 units of polyvatent anti- gas-gangrene serum intramuscularly at the close of the operation, and during the first three post-operative days he received a total of 20 g. of sulphapyridine.His condition remained critical for the first few days.The abdomen became very distended, and brown discoloration of the skin, characteristic of clostridial infection, gradually spread from the wound over the anterior abdominal wall.No gangrene developedc, however, and both distension and staining gradually subsided.The drainage-tube was shortened after 48 hours and removed at the end of a week.Profuse purulent discharge
Hospitals: what do they do and how much does it cost?
Authors: J. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (2012)

John Appleby takes a look at where the NHS budget goes

The death of the hospital has been widely predicted—indeed advocated—since (probably) moments after Rahere (courtier, jester, and clergyman) flung open the doors of St Bartholomew’s in 1123. But hospitals are survivors: in Barts’ case, of the Great Fire of London and the dissolution of the monasteries.1 And there are good practical reasons for concentrating some types of healthcare service in one place: it’s generally a more efficient use of expensive resources, produces better health outcomes, and acts as a physical focus for research.

To survive, hospitals have also had to change. Advances in clinical techniques and better community and home care have led to shorter hospital stays and consequently …
A Matter of Influence
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Some of us remember, dimly, a type of ethical decision that arose during our training days many years ago. Was it acceptable to receive a none-too-sturdy medical bag as a gift from Pharmaceutical Manufacturer A? Should one have arty qualms about going to a reception and dinner at Anthony's Pier 4, courtesy of Manufacturer B? There was no untoward pressure from the friendly drug representatives who extended these offers, and certainly no fear that such small bounty would corrupt our clinical judgment in selecting the best pill in any given situation. But for at least some of us, several questions . . .
Ultrastructural observations of crystals in articular cartilage of aged human hip joints
Authors: I. Marante, R. Macdougall, A. Ross, R. A. Stockwell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of large cohorts of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have successfully identified novel candidate genes, but several other plausible loci do not meet strict criteria for genome-wide significance after correction for multiple testing. <h3>Objectives</h3> The authors hypothesise that by applying unbiased weights derived from unique populations we can identify additional COPD susceptibility loci. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors performed a homozygosity haplotype analysis on a group of subjects with and without COPD to identify regions of conserved homozygosity haplotype (RCHHs). Weights were constructed based on the frequency of these RCHHs in case versus controls, and used to adjust the p values from a large collaborative GWAS of COPD. <h3>Results</h3> The authors identified 2318 RCHHs, of which 576 were significantly (p&lt;0.05) over-represented in cases. After applying the weights constructed from these regions to a collaborative GWAS of COPD, the authors identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a novel gene (fibroblast growth factor-7 (<i>FGF7</i>)) that gained genome-wide significance by the false discovery rate method. In a follow-up analysis, both SNPs (rs12591300 and rs4480740) were significantly associated with COPD in an independent population (combined p values of 7.9E–7 and 2.8E–6, respectively). In another independent population, increased lung tissue <i>FGF7</i> expression was associated with worse measures of lung function. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Weights constructed from a homozygosity haplotype analysis of an isolated population successfully identify novel genetic associations from a GWAS on a separate population. This method can be used to identify promising candidate genes that fail to meet strict correction for multiple testing.
Electrophysiological Alterations After Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients With Advanced Cardiac Failure
Authors: John D. Harding, Valentino Piacentino, John P. Gaughan, Steven R. Houser, Kenneth B. Margulies
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Recognizing that mechanical circulatory support with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) induces changes in myocardial structure and contractile function, we examined whether there are changes in ventricular conduction and/or repolarization among failing human hearts after LVAD implantation. Methods and Results We examined 12-lead electrocardiograms before surgery, immediately after LVAD placement, and at a delayed (&gt;1 week) postoperative time point in 23 patients who were receiving LVAD support for refractory heart failure. The immediate effects of hemodynamic unloading via LVAD placement included a decrease in QRS duration from 117±6 to 103±6 ms ( P &lt;0.01), an increase in absolute QT duration from 359±6 to 378±8 ms ( P &lt;0.05), and an increase in the heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) from 379±10 to 504±11 ms ( P &lt;0.01). None of these immediate changes were observed among 22 patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass grafting. With sustained cardiac unloading via LVAD support, there was a marked decrease in the QTc from 504±11 to 445±9 ms ( P &lt;0.001). Studies in isolated cardiac myocytes, obtained at the time of transplantation, confirmed that delayed decreases in heart rate-adjusted QTc were the result of decreases in action potential duration after LVAD support. Conclusions Acute electrocardiogram responses to LVAD placement demonstrate the dependence of QRS and QT duration on load in the failing human heart. Delayed decreases in QTc and action potential duration reflect reversal of electrophysiologic remodeling in the failing heart. Shortening of the action potential duration likely contributes to the improved cellular contractile performance observed after sustained LVAD support.
A CASE OF OLD-STANDING TUBERCULOUS KIDNEY
Authors: J. J. Conybeare
Journal: BMJ (1930)

MThEICR;LJO1NL 110-120, the systolic blood pressure kept arounid 220 mnm.Hg, and the termiperature remained between 980 and 990 F. Repeated exam- inations of the urinie showed little or nio albumini; thb daily output averaced about 60 ounices during the first, three weeks of lher stay, a11(1 then griadually dropped to about 30 ounces.The blood urea t^'st was repeated several times, but always gave a figure well withlini te nior-mal.The Wassermaiuii reaction was niegative in the blood and in the cerebro-spinal fluiid, a lumbar puinctur e having becen performed teni days after the stroke.The fluid was not under pressure, and nio blood pigment was found.The sugar estimation was 0.087 per cent., anid the chlorides 0.74 per cent.Thle right-sided paralysis improved steadily, and towards the end of the perliod a fair amount of power had retuirned.The arm recovered sufficiently to enable her to feed lherself.Passive and active movements were given daily.Thr ee moniths after the stroke the general conditioni begani to deteriorate, anid evi(lence of a failingi lheart appeared.A low-grade pnieumonia set in, the patienit became delir-ious, anid the blood pressure gradlially fell, so that withini a week it had dropped to 140.The urinie flow diminiished, albumini was found-in appreciable amounts, and the blood urea increased to 190 mg. per cent.There was a polynorphonuclear leucocytosis, but the temper-ature 10e- mained subniormal.Death ensued ninieteen weeks after the initial stroke.Post-mnortcen Report.
Sixteen novel mutations identified in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes in Slovenian families with Alport syndrome and benign familial hematuria
Authors: M. Šlajpah, B. Gorinšek, G. Berginc, A. Vizjak, D. Ferluga, A. Hvala, A. Meglič, I. Jakša, P. Furlan, A. Gregorič, Š Kaplan-Pavlovčič, M. Ravnik-Glavač, D. Glavač
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Book Review Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comprehensive Textbook Edited by D. Virgil Alfaro III, Peter E. Liggett, William F. Mieler, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, Rama D. Jager, and Yasuo Tano. 364 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2006. $159. 0-7817-3899-7
Authors: Sanjay Sharma, Jonathan Wong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
HRT may not protect against further heart attacks
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Hormone replacement therapy seems not to protect women from further heart attacks. This is the conclusion from the first randomised controlled trial considered large enough to examine the effects of the therapy on cardiovascular outcomes.

Researchers from 18 medical centres in the United States contributed to a study of 2763 postmenopausal women with known heart disease who were followed for an average of 4.1 years. The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Research Group found that the overall rate of cardiovascular …
Comparisons of Methods To Detect Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage
Authors: Daniel J. O'Connor, Thierry Zeyen, Joseph Caprioli
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

<b>Purpose:</b> Various techniques of optic disc and nerve fiber layer evaluation may be used to detect structural glaucomatous damage. The authors compared several qualitative and quantitative methods to determine their relative sensitivities and specificities to detect the presence of glaucomatous visual field loss. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty-one healthy eyes, 169 ocular hypertensive eyes with normal visual fields, and 132 glaucomatous eyes with early visual field defects were evaluated with qualitative and quantitative measures of structural damage to the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer. Qualitative evaluations were performed by three experienced masked observers who independently graded stereoscopic color disc and monochromatic nerve fiber layer photographs. Quantitative measurements of disc rim area and nerve fiber layer height were made with digitized image analysis of videographic images. Manual planimetric measurements of disc rim area were made from enlarged prints of stereoscopic optic disc photographs. Diagnostic precision was defined as the total proportion of correct diagnoses for the presence or absence of visual field loss. <b>Results:</b> The diagnostic precision of results of a quantitative disc examination (81%) was greater than those of a qualitative nerve fiber layer examination (75%). Quantitative nerve fiber height measurement had the highest sensitivity rate (73%) and results of the qualitative disc examination had the highest specificity rate (87%) of the methods tested. <b>Conclusion:</b> The diagnostic precision of disc evaluation was superior to other methods, including nerve fiber layer examination, in correctly determining the presence of structural glaucomatous damage at the early visual field loss stage.
Tubo-uterine Implantation
Authors: V. B. Green-Armytage
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ADDENDUM.-Since this paper was written three further cases of hypopituitarism have been given A.C.T.H.Two had post-partum Simmonds's disease, and the other had had a chromophobe adenoma which had been treated surgically and with pituitary irradiation.A.C.T.H. was given in doses of 12.5 mg.every six hours by intramuscular injection.All the patients showed both subjective and objective improvement, and the only undesirable effect was slight oedema in one case.