tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Kenneth I. Shine, John A. Kastor, Peter M. Yurchak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Multifocal atrial tachycardia was seen in 32 elderly and severely ill patients, with a high prevalence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale. Twelve patients (37.5 per cent) died. Bronchodilators were used frequently and contributed to the rapid heart rates. The arrhythmia itself was rarely due to digitalis intoxication. Serious arrhythmias did not arise in patients receiving maintenance doses of digitalis. Increments of digitalis often produced high-grade atrioventricular block, atrial tachycardia with block, nodal rhythms and ventricular irritability. Multifocal atrial tachycardia should be carefully distinguished from other atrial arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. This is particularly important for rational digitalis therapy. Control of the arrhythmia paralleled improvement in ventilation and oxygenation, control of sepsis, correction of metabolic and electrolyte derangements and reduction in chronotropic drugs used as bronchodilators. The role of antiarrhythmic agents in treatment remains unsettled.
Mechanisms underlying the differential effects of ethanol on the bioavailability of riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide.
Authors: J Pinto, Y P Huang, R S Rivlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Chronic alcoholism is associated with a high prevalence of riboflavin deficiency. Experiments were designed in an animal model to determine whether ethanol alters selectively the absorption of riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the predominant dietary form of the vitamin. Rats received by gavage a liver homogenate to which either [14C]riboflavin or [14C]FAD was added with either ethanol or isocaloric sucrose solutions. Ethanol markedly diminished the bioavailability of [14C]FAD to a greater degree than that of [14C]riboflavin. Corroboration of an ethanol-impaired intraluminal hydrolysis of FAD was provided by using everted jejunal segments and measuring mucosal uptake of [14C]riboflavin together with nonradiolabeled FAD. In subsequent studies with mucosal cell extracts, ethanol markedly inhibited activities of FAD pyrophosphatase and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) phosphatase. These findings suggest that dietary sources of riboflavin (FMN and FAD) are not absorbed as well in the presence of ethanol than are vitamin preparations containing riboflavin, which is utilized more readily.
Woman takes fight over frozen embryos to European court
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A British woman who wants to use frozen embryos that she and her former partner created before they split up took her battle to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg this week.

Natallie Evans argues that UK law, which requires both partners' consent before an embryo can be implanted, breaches her rights under the European Convention on Human Rights.

Ms Evans and her former fiance, Howard Johnston, underwent in vitro fertilisation treatment in …
Physician's Guide to Water Pollution
Authors: Joseph E. Flanagan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

WATER POLLUTION menaces health, is a threat to outdoor recreation, destroys fish, is an economic burden, and is esthetically objectionable. Last year, 50 million fish were reported killed in US coastal waters and rivers. Radioactive wastes have been found in the Colorado River, acid mine drainage fouls many streams in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, unsewered septic tanks drain into underground waters, chemical pesticides have been involved in fish kills, and oil spills are common. The US in 1964 probably is more aware than ever of the need to conserve natural resources, such as air, water, land, and timber. The number of federal, state, and local agencies and private associations active in guarding water resources has grown rapidly. Conservation, industrial, recreational, and health groups have vital interests in and need support in securing constructive programs to insure that the nation's waters will not deteriorate to the point of practical uselessness. Useful
Impotence: Diagnosis and Management of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Douglas F. Milam
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The book<i>Impotence</i>, edited by Alan Bennett, is an important resource for persons treating patients with erectile dysfunction. While it was principally written for urologists, other specialists will find useful information in this very readable book. Chapter authors are experts in their fields. Six early chapters are devoted to epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, endocrine factors, pharmacology, and the diagnostic workup of erectile dysfunction. Practical patient care issues were clearly the editor's primary focus. As such, anatomy and physiology necessary for understanding the diagnostic and treatment rationale are stressed. Those looking for substantial depth on important yet esoteric subjects such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) will have to look elsewhere. Impotence is a common disorder estimated to affect 10 million American men. Both prevalence and severity increase with advancing age. One study is cited in which 25%, 55%, and 75% of 65-, 75-, and 80-year-old men, respectively, were found to be
Morphological integrity of the bronchial epithelium in mild asthma.
Authors: S Lozewicz, C Wells, E Gomez, H Ferguson, P Richman, J Devalia, R J Davies
Journal: Thorax (1990)

In severe asthma bronchial epithelial cells are damaged and detached, and it has been proposed that such damage might lead to the bronchial hyperresponsiveness that characterises asthma. To investigate the relation between airway hyperresponsiveness and epithelial damage, biopsy specimens of the bronchial mucus membrane were obtained at fibreoptic bronchoscopy from 11 patients with mild atopic asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) less than 1.0 mg/ml), and from 17 healthy non-atopic subjects who did not have airway hyperresponsiveness (PC20 methacholine greater than 8.0 mg/ml). Observers who were blind to the presence or absence of asthma examined the biopsy specimens by light and electron microscopy. Epithelial cells, intercellular spaces, and goblet cells were counted. Intercellular junctional complexes were examined, and a semiquantitative assessment was made of ciliary loss, non-parallel central ciliary filaments, and vacuoles in ciliated cells. There were no differences between the asthmatic and healthy groups in any of these measurements. These findings indicate that airway hyperresponsiveness may be present when there is no apparent change in the structure of the bronchial epithelium.
Italy's health minister reported to be under investigation
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Italian health minister, Professor Girolamo Sirchia, is at the centre of a media storm in Italy, after several journalists reported that he was under preliminary investigation for suspected corruption by the Office of the Prosecutors in Milan.

According to details leaked to the press, several heads of hospital units are said to have been paid by the Italian branch of the US company Immucor, producer of reagents and automated systems for blood testing, allegedly for helping the company to obtain contracts with their respective hospitals.

However, in a statement issued to the BMJ , the company said any payments were for scientific and medical research services, not …
Technetium-99m DTP A Localized in Gynecomastia Secondary to Orchiectomy and Estrogen Therapy in a Patient with Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BECKY WIERZBINSKI, SYLVIA MAGOUN, U YUN RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Gynecomastia, an enlargement of male breast resulting in response to an excess of estrogen, may occur in a normal condition of puberty and in various pathologic conditions such as Klinefelter's syndrome, testicular neoplasms, or for advanced cirrhosis of the liver. Presented here is a patient with prostatic carcinoma who underwent orchiectomy and recent estrogen therapy in whom gynecomastia developed and during Tc-99m DTPA renal imaging was incidentally found to have symmetrical localization of Tc-99m DTPA in both breasts. Thus, Tc-99m DTPA localization in the breasts may be used as a marker of gynecomastia.
Frozen Red Cells Revisited
Authors: Hugh Chaplin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN late 1978, the American Red Cross reported that the steadily increasing demand for thawed, deglycerolized human red cells had finally leveled off at its 57 regional blood centers, suppliers of over half the nation's blood for transfusion. The number had reached nearly 100,000 units annually, as compared with approximately 12,000 units in 1972. By May 1983 the number had declined to approximately 42,000 units.What factors account for this roller-coaster pattern in the use of previously frozen red cells, a product of sophisticated modern cryobiology that held such promise when it began its evolution in the early 1950s? In . . .
879-6 Left ventricular pre-excitation is superior to right ventricular pre-excitation in sequential biventricular pacing for heart failure
Authors: Ilan Hay, Vojta Melenovsky, Barry J Fetics, Joshua Hare, Daniel Judge, Andrew Kramer, Craig Reister, Joe Pastore, Rick Conville, David A Kass, Ronald Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Biliary stenting: Indications, choice of stents and results: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) clinical guideline
Authors: J.-M. Dumonceau, A. Tringali, D. Blero, J. Devière, R. Laugiers, D. Heresbach, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

This article is part of a combined publication that expresses the current view of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy about endoscopic biliary stenting. The present Clinical Guideline describes short-term and long-term results of biliary stenting depending on indications and stent models; it makes recommendations on when, how, and with which stent to perform biliary drainage in most common clinical settings, including in patients with a potentially resectable malignant biliary obstruction and in those who require palliative drainage of common bile duct or hilar strictures. Treatment of benign conditions (strictures related to chronic pancreatitis, liver transplantation, or cholecystectomy, and leaks and failed biliary stone extraction) and management of complications (including stent revision) are also discussed. A two-page executive summary of evidence statements and recommendations is provided. A separate Technology Review describes the models of biliary stents available and the stenting techniques, including advanced techniques such as insertion of multiple plastic stents, drainage of hilar strictures, retrieval of migrated stents and combined stenting in malignant biliary and duodenal obstructions. The target readership for the Clinical Guideline mostly includes digestive endoscopists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, radiologists, internists, and surgeons while the Technology Review should be most useful to endoscopists who perform biliary drainage.
A Bicycle Built for Two
Authors: Samuel Bigg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:— Must we put up with the indignity of the Master-step-test which reduces the patient-doctor relationship to that of master and slave? The sight of a respectable citizen stumbling over wires while climbing the wobbly steps, evokes the image of Sisyphus pushing his rock up a mountain. In our office we have replaced the "step-test" with a much more dignified bicycle dynamometer. With the exception of some members of our esteemed Canadian mounted police, who, because of their equestrian background are awkward with bicycles and for whom we have devised an electric horse dynamometer, our patients have taken well to the bicycle. More recently we have sharpened diagnostic accuracy with a two-seater, which accommodates not only the patient but also a matched control.
Digitalis in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Help or Hazard?
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The use of digitalis in acute myocardial infarction remains controversial because of disagreement regarding the electrophysiologic, hemodynamic, and metabolic risks and benefits. However, there is no convincing evidence of an increased incidence of arrhythmias following digitalis therapy. Direct measurement of left ventricle function shows improvement of impaired left ventricular performance. The increased metabolic cost of enhanced inotropy following digitalis is countered by reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume, especially when left ventricular failure is present. Extension of infarct size shown in the dog after administration of digitalis may occur only in that experimental model or only if cardiac failure is absent. We conclude that digitalis may be recommended following acute myocardial infarction if the usual indications, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or cardiac failure, are present.
Coitus per Urethram and the Rigid Hymen
Authors: Joseph H. Zeigerman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

COITUS PER URETHRAM is extremely rare; merely 13 cases have been reported in the world literature.<sup>1-10</sup>This oddity has been observed mostly in women with either a rigid hymen or vaginal atresia. P. H. Gebhard (personal communication, April, 1965) at the Institute for Sex Research of Indiana University, although not encountering instances of coitus per urethram in women, learned of an unusual case which demonstrated the great elasticity of the human urethra. A man made an artificial hypospadias and progressively enlarged the urethra enabling insertion of another man's penis. W. B. Pomeroy (personal communication, March, 1965) during many years of association with the Institute for Sex Research, encountered examples of urethral masturbation but none of coitus per urethram. In addition to its rarity, this case report was prompted by the length of time the coitus per urethram was practiced, without any side effects other than urinary incontinence. <h3>Report of</h3>
Dental Decay and Its Control
Authors: Paul K. Losch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

AN INDEX of the enormous public interest in. control of dental caries is the amount of advertising carried by most American magazines on substances set forth as preventing or controlling tooth decay. Physicians as well as dentists are plagued with requests concerning such products; hence it is occasionally timely to review those phases of present-day knowledge pertinent to the instruction of patients.Historically dental disease is as old as the record of mankind. There is some evidence that its prevalence is greater in modern than in ancient times. Conjecture is great but facts are meager about the effects on teeth . . .
COMPLETE REMOVAL OF FAUCIAL TONSILS.
Authors: OVIDUS ARTHUR GRIFFIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Aside from a broader knowledge of detail that results from a repetition of facts, it would be superfluous on this occasion to give an extended discussion of this subject, but, inasmuch as unanimity of opinion does not obtain throughout the profession as to the proper method of treatment of diseased faucial tonsils and the best mode of their removal, and being desirous of presenting a method which has proven satisfactory in my practice, I wish to direct attention to the following facts. Owing to their intermediate position between the mouth and pharynx and their glandular structure, the faucial tonsils frequently become infected and chronically diseased by the passage of food or foreign matter into the ramifying glandular ducts which open on their exposed surface, and after a time their function of pharyngeal lubrication becomes so perverted that the ducts and glands finally become distended and indurated by the retention of
A polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene associated with variation in blood pressure in a genetic isolate.
Authors: R A Hegele, J H Brunt, P W Connelly
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The Hutterite Brethren are a genetic isolate characterized by high indices of relatedness and a communal agrarian lifestyle. We hypothesized that variation of the angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes would be associated with variation in resting blood pressure in this group. We also hypothesized that the association would depend on the sex of the subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS In 741 Hutterites, we measured blood pressure in quadruplicate and analyzed DNA for genotypes of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE and of two protein polymorphisms of AGT, namely, M235T and T174M. We tested for association between variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and genotypic class. We observed that genotypes of AGT codon 174 were significantly associated with variation in systolic blood pressure. We also tested for an interaction between the AGT genotype and sex. We observed that genotypes of AGT codon 174 were significantly associated with variation in systolic blood pressure only in men. The AGT codon 174 polymorphism accounted for 3.1% of the total variation in systolic blood pressure in men. CONCLUSIONS The association of AGT variation with resting blood pressure in men is consistent with the existence of important structural elements within, flanking, or proximal to the AGT gene, whose functional impact might be related to differences in sex.
Relationship Between Annual Volume of Patients Treated by Admitting Physician and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jack V. Tu
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common condition that is treated by physicians with varying levels of clinical experience, but whether the level of experience affects outcome remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between the average annual volume of cases treated by admitting physicians and mortality after AMI.Design, Setting, and PatientsRetrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases containing patient admission information for 98 194 patients treated by 5374 physicians between April 1, 1992, and March 31, 1998, in Ontario, Canada.Main Outcome MeasuresMortality risk rates for 30 days and 1 year post-AMI, adjusted by physician volume and patient, physician, and hospital characteristics.ResultsThe 30-day mortality rate was 13.5% and the 1-year mortality rate was 21.8%. A strong inverse relationship between the average annual volume of AMI cases treated by the admitting physician and mortality after an AMI was observed. The 30-day risk-adjusted mortality rate was 15.3% for physicians who treated 5 or fewer AMI cases per year (lowest quartile) compared with 11.8% for physicians who treated more than 24 AMI cases annually (highest quartile; P&lt;.001). The 1-year risk-adjusted mortality rate was 24.2% for physicians who treated 5 or fewer AMI cases per year (lowest quartile) compared with 19.6% for physicians who treated more than 24 AMI cases annually (highest quartile; P&lt;.001).ConclusionPatients with AMI who are treated by high-volume admitting physicians are more likely to survive at 30 days and 1 year.
Lesions of the symphysis pubis in women.
Authors: N H Harris
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A chronic stress lesion in the iliac component of a sacro-iliac joint was found in 20 out of 37 athletes, and 13 of them had instability at the pubic symphysis.It is concluded that repeated minor trauma is the primary aetiological factor.Though the radiological appearance may resemble that of osteitis pubis, there was no evidence that infection caused the lesion in this series.Spontaneous remission of symptoms is the most likely outcome.Rest from physical exertion is the most effective treatment, and stabilization of the pubic symphysis is indicated only rarely.
RESECTION OF THE CECUM.
Authors: J. H. STEALY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

of infection and the consequent greater caution in inter- course with consumptives is shown by a calculation of Cornet's regarding the decrease of mortality from tuberculosis in Prussia in the years 1889 to 1897.Be- fore 1889 the average was 31.4 per 10,000, whereas in
SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC DILATATION: OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE ON DIPYRIDAMOLE THALLIUM-201 TESTING
Authors: Plerre Chouragui, Ervin Rodrigues, Plorence Prigent, Daniel S. Barman, Joseph Areeda, Gerard Silagan, Janshid Maddahi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Chouragui, Plerre; Rodrigues, Ervin; Prigent, Plorence; Barman, Daniel S.; Areeda, Joseph; Silagan, Gerard; Maddahi, Janshid Author Information
Usefulness of an ultrathin endoscope in recanalization of a disrupted fistulous tract following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy
Authors: S. Nishiwaki, H. Araki, J. Takada, N. Watanabe, T. Asano, M. Iwashita, A. Tagami, H. Hatakeyama, T. Hayashi, T. Maeda, K. Saitoh
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A disrupted fistulous tract is a rare complication associated with the replacement of a gastrostomy or jejunostomy tube [1]. It is important to confirm that the replacement tube is accurately positioned in the same site as the previous one. Although adverse events following fistula disruption have been reported [2] [3], little is known about how the fistula can be successfully recanalized.
Tumor Eradication by Radiofrequency Therapy
Authors: Robert G. Selker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were interested in the article entitled "Tumor Eradication by Radiofrequency Therapy," (235:2198, 1976). Our laboratory has been studying the effect of heat on primary malignant brain tumors. Our research has highlighted certain problems with heat not described in the report published inThe Journal.<sup>1,2</sup> Most temperature measuring devices will be directly heated in the radiofrequency (RF) field and give false readings of intratumoral events. Therefore, special thermistors must be used so as not to distort the absolute values produced. This may be of importance when reviewing the literature and the number of conflicting reports concerning the results.<sup>3-5</sup>At 40 C, for instance, enhanced tumor growth with metastatic implants and rapid death occur in the experimental animal. Not all tumors have decreased blood flow—certainly not consistently. Therefore, one doubts the results achieved by the authors to be totally related to tumor blood flow. In the
Atlas of Histology
Authors: Francis J. Manasek
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Although the text is concise, this volume is really a well-illustrated textbook of histology and not merely an atlas. The book is limited exclusively to the light microscopic appearance of cells and tissues. On one hand, this restriction makes it potentially useful in teaching histology in medical schools, where many of the students already have a good background in cell biology. However, it imposes a severe intellectual restriction on the work, since it is difficult to separate light microscopy from ultrastructure and cell biology. As a set of plates for reviewing (or learning) microscopic anatomy, the book is useful. Indeed, the light micrographs (in color) attain the level of quality of most student loan collections. The plates are generally good, with some notable exceptions. For example it is impossible to see either primary or secondary granules in the neutrophil metamyelocyte in Fig 2 on p 107. In general, the plates