tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of herpes labialis with topical acyclovir.
Authors: A P Fiddian, J M Yeo, R Stubbings, D Dean
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A double blind, placebo controlled trial of 5% acyclovir cream, applied topically five times a day for five days, was carried out in 49 patients with recurrent herpes labialis. These patients had a total of 74 episodes, 34 of which were treated with the 5% acyclovir cream and 40 with matching placebo. First episodes and all episodes treated with acyclovir cream had significantly shorter times to formation of ulcer or crust and to complete healing (p less than 0.05 for all variables). The duration of all symptoms and proportion of patients developing itching was also reduced by acyclovir cream in first episodes, though the difference was not significant. When the patient started treatment early in the course of a first episode acyclovir cream significantly reduced the percentage of lesions progressing beyond the papular stage (p less than 0.05). Acyclovir cream is well tolerated and effective for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.
Tihe Glycemic Effect of Different Meals Approximately Isocaloric and Similar in Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat Content as Calculated Using the ADA Exchange Lists
Authors: F Q Nuttall, A P Mooradian, R DeMarais, S Parker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The effect on plasma glucose concentration of four different, approximately isocaloric breakfasts designed using the American Diabetes Association food exchange lists was studied in eight type II diabetic patients. The meals were estimated to contain similar amounts of carbohydrate, protein, and fat and were given in random order. The plasma glucose responses to the different meals were similar except for one meal. This meal resulted in a greater glucose increase but the latter could be explained by the substitution of banana for orange juice in the meal. Banana contains starch as well as fructose and glucose, whereas orange juice contains glucose, fructose, and sucrose. In regard to the postmeal glucose response, these data indicate that the ADA food exchange list is useful in meal planning, at least for breakfast.
Incentives to improve lifestyle come under scrutiny as new virtual centre opens
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2009)

“I would like to propose that financial incentives [to patients] in the health sector are a good idea,” said Bruno Frey, professor of economics at the University of Zurich, opening his presentation to a panel discussion held on Thursday 30 April at the Wellcome Trust’s headquarters in London.

The seminar was organised to mark the inauguration of the new Centre for the Study of Incentives in Health. Professor Frey’s remark was to be one of the few unequivocally positive statements in an hour and half characterised more by questions than answers, by doubt rather than certainty.

Funded by the Wellcome Trust’s biomedical …
Reduction of pay-beds in the NHS
Authors: O Bauerova, C D Baumber, M E Benaim, G S Bhatt, J C Bradley, D J A Brown, D M Davies, S G Deodhar, J P Fraser, M J Goodman, A E Green, K S Haworth, K Kaushal, O P Lakhanpaul, S Lal, M M P Leahy, J C Lowry, J McLenachan, D K Mukerji, F O'Connor, K W Pearson, R Phillips, A J Sims, J F Stone, J B L Taylor, H W Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1979)
Abstract 3744: Antitumor activity of CUDC-907, a dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor, in hematological cancer models
Authors: Bao Rudi, Dagong Wang, Hui Qu, Ling Yin, Brian Zifcak, Steven DellaRocca, Guang-Xin Xu, Mylissa Borek, Maria Samson, Ruzanna Atoyan, Anne Poli, Jing Wang, Hai-Xaio Zhai, Cheng-Jung Lai, Carmen Pepicelli, Xiong Cai, Changgeng Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that both PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and HDAC are validated targets in hematological cancers. In order to overcome primary resistance and prevent secondary resistance resulting from compensatory/feedback mechanisms in cancer cells, CUDC-907 was designed to inhibit all isoforms of Class I PI3K and Class I and II HDAC, based on previous observations that synergistic effects can be achieved by inhibition of both HDAC and PI3K in cancer cells. In cell proliferation assays, this compound displays potent anti-proliferation activity in hematological cancer cell lines including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM). Mechanistically, CUDC-907 is able to simultaneously suppress PI3K-Akt-mTOR as well as other essential signaling pathways due to epigenetic modifications via HDAC inhibition. CUDC-907 is orally bio-available in dogs, has a long half-life in murine tumors, induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation in xenograft tumors. In efficacy studies in NHL and MM models, CUDC-907 is more efficacious than either a single-agent PI3K or HDAC inhibitor reference compound or a combination of the two agents given at maximally tolerated doses (MTD). Furthermore, CUDC-907 is more efficacious than the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor CAL-101 when dosed at MTD doses. These observations are related to our findings that, all isoforms of PI3K are expressed in most hematological cancer models. Therefore, the efficacy of isoform selective PI3K inhibitors may be limited only to those cancers driven by a specific PI3K subtype. In addition, a synergistic antitumor effect can be achieved in efficacy studies when CUDC-907 is combined with standard of care agents in both NHL and MM models. In conclusion, through broad network disruption, CUDC-907 may offer a greater therapeutic benefit than isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors as a novel anti-cancer treatment of hematological malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3744. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3744
Contribution of tuberculosis to slim disease in Africa
Authors: S B Lucas, K M De Cock, A Hounnou, C Peacock, M Diomande, M Honde, A Beaumel, L Kestens, A Kadio
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the contribution of tuberculosis to the aetiology of the HIV wasting syndrome (slim) in Africa, a condition usually considered an enteropathy. <b>Methods</b>: Clinical examination and representative necropsy study of adult patients positive for HIV. <b>Setting</b>: Hospital medical wards in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. <b>Subjects</b>: Adults positive for HIV. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: CD4 T lymphocyte counts before death, clinical and anthropometric data, and gross and microscopic pathology. Results - Necropsy was done on 212 HIV positive adults. Tuberculosis was found in 41 of 93 with the clinical HIV wasting syndrome and in 32 of 119 without (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.0). A significant association existed between the prevalence of tuberculosis at necropsy and the degree of cadaveric wasting (no wasting 25% (15/59); moderate wasting 40% (23/58); skeletal wasting 44% (42/95); P=0.02). Wasting was also associated with a history of chronic diarrhoea, but no association existed between diarrhoea and tuberculosis. Median CD4 T lymphocyte counts were lowest in wasted patients irrespective of findings at necropsy and in those with chronic diarrhoea (&lt;60x10<sup>6</sup>/l). <b>Conclusion</b>: Wasting and chronic diarrhoea are late stage manifestations of HIV disease in Africa. The importance of tuberculosis as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of the slim syndrome has been underestimated. In nearly half of patients dying with severe wasting, tuberculosis was the dominant pathological finding.
Wernicke's encephalopathy and central pontine myelinolysis associated with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Authors: P. S. Bergin, P. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The impact of long term conditions (LTCs) is an issue for all health care systems in the world today. With an aging population and the incidence of LTCs subsequently increasing, the impact on health economics is a challenging burden on all societies. Thus, delivering cost effective high quality care for all LTCs is a major challenge to both health payers and providers alike. This review discusses the various models of care adopted in health systems. It then focuses on community specialist services for respiratory disease in the context of this changing health environment and concentrates on the scope and evidence to support specialist respiratory community services. The review concludes with discussions surrounding the implementation of such services across two large primary care trusts in the UK, with particular focus on the arguments for their future development and incorporation with strategies that are cost effective, while helping older people with LTCs to maintain their health, functional ability and quality of care.
Osseous metaplasia in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the kidney
Authors: Paul N. Meyer, Hytham Al‐Masri, Serhan Alkan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 57-year-old female with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presented with a renal mass. Microscopic analysis of the nephrectomy specimen revealed DLBCL, confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis (CD45, CD20, CD3, pan-keratin) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiple spicules of metaplastic bone were identified within the tumor mass, but not within the uninvolved kidney parenchyma. No evidence of bone or dystrophic calcification was detected on the pre-nephrectomy computerized tomography (CT) scan. To our knowledge, this is the first incidence of osseous metaplasia occurring within DLBCL. The pathogenesis of osseous metaplasia is briefly discussed.
Bronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients.
Authors: S J Williams, J P Hartley, J D Graham
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Ten volunteer inpatient asthmatics in a steady state were given a single inhalation of an aerosol (63 mul) delivered in random order, on each of three consecutive days, in the laboratory of a respiratory unit. Before, and for one hour after treatment the pulse, blood pressure (lying and standing), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak flow rate (PFR), and self-rating mood scales (SRMS) were recorded. Treatments were placebo-ethanol only; delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 200 mug in ethanol; or salbutamol 100 mug (Ventolin inhaler), administered double blind. Salbutamol and THC significantly improved ventilatory function. Maximal bronchodilatation was achieved more rapidly with salbutamol, but at 1 hour both drugs were equally effective. No cardiovascular or mood disturbance was detected, and plasma total cannabinoids at 15 minutes were undectable by radioimmunoassay. The mode of action of THC differs from that of sympathomimetic drugs, and it or a derivative may make a suitable adjuvant in the treatment of selected asthmatics.
500m fund for emergency services will not fix longstanding problems, say doctors
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2013)

News that accident and emergency departments in England that experienced severe strain last winter will be able apply for a share of a £500m (€580; $775m) fund to improve services has been greeted with scepticism by doctors, who describe it as “papering over the cracks” and failing to address underlying recruitment and organisational problems.

The announcement was made on 8 August by Prime Minister David Cameron, who said that the money, which comes from NHS efficiency savings and underspends, would be available over two years to help specific accident and emergency units better prepare for winter.

Cameron said that over one million more people now visit emergency departments compared to three years ago, and last year’s harsh winter put exceptional pressure on urgent and emergency wards, which resulted in the NHS missing its four hour waiting targets between January and March.

While emergency departments are now performing well, with more than 95% of patients seen within four hours, Cameron wants the NHS to …
THE PROBLEM OF TUBERCULOSIS IN MILITARY SERVICE
Authors: ESMOND R. LONG
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Active tuberculosis disqualifies for acceptance in military service. According to the standards1in effect in recent years physical examination to exclude tuberculosis is required of applicants for enlistment, and chest roentgenograms are obligatory in the case of every candidate for commission in the Regular Army and for extended active duty as a Reserve or National Guard officer. Roentgenologic evidence of reinfection (adult) type tuberculosis, active or inactive, or of primary (childhood) type tuberculosis of such degree as to suggest the likelihood of future clinical significance excludes a candidate from acceptance for appointment as an officer in the Regular Army and for assignment to extended active duty as a Reserve or National Guard Officer.  In the United States Navy likewise tuberculosis disqualifies for acceptance for military service. Roentgenograms are made routinely in the course of physical examination.  Nevertheless a certain amount of active tuberculosis is discovered each year in the
Familial Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: WILLIAM A. BLATTNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed in four of five siblings, whose father succumbed to the same disease. The pattern of immune deficiency in the leukemic siblings resembled that found in nonfamilial cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and was correlated with the severity of clinical involvement. In three siblings the peripheral blood leukemic cells shared δ-heavy and κ-light chains as the only detectable surface immunoglobulin, suggesting that on a cellular and molecular level the chronic lymphocytic leukemia in family members is identical. The fourth and youngest sibling had no peripheral blood lymphocytes with detectable surface immunoglobulin. An inherited defect in the class of cells destined to express δ-heavy and κ-light chains appears to underlie susceptibility to leukemia in this family.
The Gender-Specific Impact of Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction at Baseline and During Follow-Up on Mortality From All Causes and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Gang Hu, Pekka Jousilahti, Qing Qiao, Markku Peltonen, Shuichi Katoh, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Technetium 99m–Labeled Annexin V Scintigraphy of Platelet Activation in Vegetations of Experimental Endocarditis
Authors: Francois Rouzet, Miguel Dominguez Hernandez, Florence Hervatin, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Agnes Lefort, Xavier Duval, Liliane Louedec, Bruno Fantin, Dominique Le Guludec, Jean-Baptiste Michel
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The pathophysiology of infective endocarditis involves a pathogen/host tissue interaction, leading to formation of infected thrombotic vegetations. Annexin V is a ligand of phosphatidylserines exposed by activated platelets and apoptotic cells. Because vegetations are platelet-fibrin clots in which platelet proaggregant activity is enhanced by bacterial colonization, we investigated the ability of annexin V labeled with technetium Tc 99m (99mTc-ANX) to provide functional imaging of these vegetations in experimental models of infective endocarditis. This ability was assessed in rabbits and rats because of the different interest of these 2 species in preclinical analysis.Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis was induced with the use of a catheter left indwelling through the aortic or tricuspid valve, and animals were injected with either a bacterial inoculum or saline. Scintigraphic investigations were performed 5 days later and showed a higher 99mTc-ANX uptake by vegetations in infected versus noninfected animals (ratio, 1.3 for in vivo acquisitions and 2 for autoradiography; P<0.0001 for all), whereas no significant uptake was present in controls. Right-sided endocarditis was associated with pulmonary uptake foci corresponding to emboli. Histological analysis of vegetations showed a specific uptake of 99mTc-ANX at the interface between circulating blood and vegetation. In parallel, underlying myocardial tissue showed myocyte apoptosis and mucoid degeneration, without extracellular matrix degradation at this stage.99mTc-ANX is suitable for functional imaging of platelet-fibrin vegetations in endocarditis, as well as embolic events. 99mTc-ANX uptake reflects mainly platelet activation in the luminal layer of vegetations. This uptake is enhanced by bacterial colonization.
Effect of heart rate on the canine end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.
Authors: W L Maughan, K Sunagawa, D Burkhoff, W L Graves, W C Hunter, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Although the rate dependence of isolated muscle contractility is well known, the ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been reported to be insensitive to heart rate. To resolve this contradiction, we used an isolated, ejecting canine heart preparation perfused at a constant coronary arterial pressure. Heart rate was changed from 60 to 200 beats/min in steps of 20 beats/min. At least 10 pressure-volume loops under different filling pressures were obtained at each heart rate in each of six hearts. Over a heart rate range from 60 to 120 beats/min, the slope of the ESPVR (Ees) increased significantly from 3.5 +/- 0.4 (SE) to 5.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml. In the range between 120 and 180 beats/min there was little change in Ees (5.3 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml), but at 200 beats/min Ees increased slightly to 5.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg/ml. The volume axis intercept (V0) of the ESPVR changed little over the range of heart rate from 60 to 160 beats/min (10.2 +/- 2 ml to 9.4 +/- 1.3 ml) but increased to 15.2 +/- 1.2 ml at a rate of 200 beats/min. The change in ESPVR with increase in heart rate from 60 to 120 beats/min (i.e., increase in Ees without change in V0) is the same as those seen with a positive inotropic intervention with calcium or cathecholamines, whereas the V0 changes over the range from 160 to 200 beats/min is similar to those seen with regional ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibiotic Combinations
Authors: Wilfred F. Jones, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THIS paper reports another in a series of studies designed to throw some light on the combined action of antibiotics in vivo by controlled observations on the antibacterial action of blood after the administration of antibiotics to the same subjects singly and in combinations.§ The present study deals with the combination of novobiocin with penicillin and, like most of the others, was carried out in normal men given the same total amount of each agent separately or of both together in equal parts. The plasma obtained at intervals after each dose was assayed for antibacterial action against 4 different bacterial . . .
Adults will be able to appoint proxies to make health decisions
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UK government is to legislate to allow adults to appoint friends or relatives to take healthcare decisions for them if they later become too incapacitated to decide for themselves.

Under plans for England and Wales unveiled last week by the lord chancellor, Lord Irvine, any adult of full capacity will be able to draw up a continuing power of attorney authorising the chosen proxy to consent to or refuse treatment …
Infection with Litosomoides sigmodontis suppresses allergen-induced sensitization and pulmonary inflammation in a murine asthma model
Authors: A. Dittrich, A. Erbacher, F. Diesner, B. Ahrens, D. Quarcoo, W.H. Hoffmann, E.H. Hamelmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Abstract 5161: Identification of epithelial stromal interaction 1 as a novel mediator of breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis downstream of Krüppel-like factor 8.
Authors: Tianshu Li, Heng Lu, Chao Shen, Satadru Lahiri, Melissa Watson, Debarati Mukherjee, Lin Yu, Jihe Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epithelial stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) is a recently identified novel gene that is highly upregulated in breast cancer cells when co-cultured with the stromal fibroblasts and in invasive breast carcinomas as compared with normal breast biopsies. The regulation and function of EPSTI1 are largely unknown. Our studies showed that EPSTI1 expression is upregulated by Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8), a transcriptional factor that is highly over-expressed in breast cancer and critical for cell cycle progression, oncogenic transformation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic progression of breast cancer, by directly activating EPSTI1 promoter. Also, we demonstrated that EPSTI1 was necessary and sufficient to promote breast cancer cell invasiveness by genetically modifying EPSTI1 expression and Matrigel invasion assays. We also found that EPSTI1 could interact with valosin containing protein (VCP) and subsequently activate NF-kB nuclear function. Finally, our mouse mammary fat pad injection and tail vein injection experiments indicated that ectopic overexpression of EPSTI1 in MCF7 cells could enhance the tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. These findings suggest that EPSTI1 is a novel target of KLF8 and plays a critical role in the regulation of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Tianshu Li, Heng Lu, Chao Shen, Satadru Lahiri, Melissa Watson, Debarati Mukherjee, Lin Yu, Jihe Zhao. Identification of epithelial stromal interaction 1 as a novel mediator of breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis downstream of Krüppel-like factor 8. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5161. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5161 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Genome-wide profiling of methylation identifies novel targets with aberrant hypermethylation and reduced expression in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: M del Rey, K O'Hagan, M Dellett, S Aibar, H A A Colyer, M E Alonso, M Díez-Campelo, R N Armstrong, D J Sharpe, N C Gutiérrez, J L García, J De Las Rivas, K I Mills, J M Hernández-Rivas
Journal: Leukemia (2012)