tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Financial Disclosure in a Study of Cell-Free Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Risks of Myocardial Infarction and Death
Authors: Charles Natanson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mucolytic treatment with N-acetylcysteine L-lysinate metered dose inhaler in dogs: airway epithelial function changes
Authors: RP Tomkiewicz, EM App, M Coffiner, J Fossion, P Maes, M King
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

N-acetylcysteine L-lysinate Nacystelyn (L-NAC) is a newly synthesized mucolytic agent, of which the action in vivo has not been well defined. In six healthy mongrel dogs, the rheological properties of mucus, its mucociliary and cough clearability, and the transepithelial potential difference (PD) of the tracheobronchial epithelium were evaluated after placebo and L-NAC metered dose inhaler (MDI) aerosols. The principal index of mucus rigidity, log G*, decreased at all airway sites with L-NAC administration, i.e. the mucus became less rigid and more deformable (the overall change in G* was 0.29 log units, i.e. ca. twofold decrease). The viscoelasticity-derived mucus transportability parameters, mucociliary (MCI) and cough (CCI) clearability indices, increased with L-NAC MDI, particularly CCI, which predicts the effect of mucus rheology on cough clearability. PD increased significantly with L-NAC administration at all measurement sites, which appears to be a novel effect for a direct acting mucolytic agent. Tracheal mucus linear velocity (TMV) increased after L-NAC compared with placebo, as did the normalized frog palate transport rate (NFPTR). The increase in NFPTR was greater than that predicted from the mucus rheological properties alone, suggesting that L-NAC still resident in the collected mucus stimulated the frog palate cilia. The index of mucus flux, the collection rate in mg.min-1, was higher with L-NAC compared with placebo. From our results, we conclude that L-NAC shows potential benefit in terms of improving mucus rheological properties and clearability. It may act, in part, by stimulating the fresh secretion of mucus of lower viscoelasticity. The stimulation of mucociliary clearance could be related to ion flux changes, as indicated by the increase in PD.
Does Mild Persistent Asthma Require Regular Treatment?
Authors: Leonardo M. Fabbri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Current national1 and international2 guidelines recommend regularly scheduled treatment with inhaled corticosteroids for patients with mild persistent asthma. This recommendation is supported by solid evidence that such treatment achieves and maintains asthma control.3,4 Although there is not universal agreement,3,5 there are data, reviewed by Vignola, that suggest that continuous suppression of airway inflammation by means of inhaled corticosteroids (referred to as controller therapy) may not only control asthma but also prevent its progression.6 In this issue of the Journal, Boushey et al. challenge this recommendation.7 They compared three treatment protocols in patients with mild persistent asthma. In one . . .
Study of selected yoga practices as a remedy for low back pain in Iranian women
Authors: Masoumeh Hassanpour
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Aim The purpose of this research was the study of selected yoga practices as a remedy for low back pain. Subjects and methods The method of this study was experimental research and the samples were consisted of 30 women who were suffering of low back pain (30–40 aged). Thirty patients were randomised in two groups, experimental group (N=15) and control group (N=15). Experimental group accomplished yoga practices programme for 3 month, 5 days a week (any exercise programme wasn't planned for control group). Results The information was analysed by the use of consequential, descriptive statistics SPSS software. Result showed that doing yoga practices had a significant reduction of low back pain in experimental group. Conclusion Doing 3 month yoga practices had a positive effect on low back pain therefore we can use of yoga practices for low back pain as a remedy.
Two Kinds of To-Kind Benefits and Other Reasons Why Shared Vulnerability Can Keep Clinical Studies Ethical
Authors: Nir Eyal
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 . Another distinction is between necessarily to-kind benefits and plain to-kind benefits. Chwang's cystic fibrosis example may suggest—incorrectly—that every to-kind benefit is forced by the definition of that kind. But some practically important to-kind benefits are contingent. There can be correlation between being a prisoner and having hepatitis C, not as a definitional matter but as a matter of fact.
Tissue factor induction in human monocytes. Two distinct mechanisms displayed by different alloantigen-responsive T cell clones.
Authors: S A Gregory, T S Edgington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

One component of the cellular immune response to antigens is the expression of procoagulant activity (PCA) by monocytes and macrophages. Induction of human monocyte PCA in response to alloantigenic stimulation requires the collaboration of HLA-DR-responsive T cells. In mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs), the induction of monocyte tissue factor appears to be mediated exclusively by a T cell-derived lymphokine. We have used a soft agar cloning method to generate alloantigen-responsive T cell clones from MLCs between irradiated Daudi lymphoblastoid cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Developing clones were screened for the ability to induce PCA in fresh autologous monocytes in response to Daudi stimulator cells. PCA induction was observed with some, but not all, proliferating T cell clones and two modes of induction were apparent. Some T cell clones mediated PCA induction exclusively by lymphokine production, whereas other clones delivered induction signals by direct cellular collaboration with the monocyte effector cells. These two inductive pathways were represented in distinct, non-inclusive functional subsets of T cell clones. Constitutive production of soluble inducer signals was not observed in T inducer clones. The magnitude of the monocyte PCA response increased in response to an increase in the allogeneic stimulator/T clone responder ratio, and third-party allogeneic cells were unable to elicit the PCA-inducing lymphokine signals from T inducer clones. Both modes of induction were shown to generate tissue factor protein activity in monocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that PCA induction can be initiated in response to alloantigens through collaboration with certain OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKM1- T inducer clones, and that induction can be mediated by at least two different functional subsets of human T cells. Stimulation with the appropriate alloantigen may elicit both lymphokine and T cell-contact pathways of induction of tissue factor in human monocytes.
On the Effects of the Contagious Diseases Act in Calcutta
Authors: A. J. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1875)

AN account of the working of the Contagious Diseases Act in the town and suburbs of Calcutta will, I think, possess particular interest for those concerned with the subject.The large area and population embfaced, the contemplated inclusion of the entire civil population without restriction to districts frequented by the soldiery, the difficulties belonging to a large commercial port and a city witlh extensive inland communication, and to the many varieties of prostitution and concu- binage, and the marked results achieved by means confessedly inade- quate, all seem to me to lend a peculiar value to the evidence afforded by the history of the past five years in Calcutta.The population of Calcutta, town and suburbs, is about 750,ooo.The garrison of Fort William occupies a central position.The Contagious Diseases Act came into force on April Ist, I869.The administration of the Act was entrusted to the commissioner of police.Two special inspectors of police were selected, and, with 36 subordinate policemen (natives), were the only paid officers employed in this particular duty, which fell therefore largely on the inferior grades of police as an unprofitable addition to their labour.A medical superintendent and a staff of subordinates were appointed and specially paid for the examination and hospital duties.I869.In a few months, upwards of 9,ooo women were registered.Many were subsequently exempted, and more were reported as having absconded.At the end of the first year, 6,551 were supposed to be under control, but 5,348 only attended the examination depot.There were 356 cases of disease under treatment at the end of I869.
Smoking, Tobacco Exposure Through Breast Milk, and SIDS
Authors: Alicia Dermer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I commend Dr Klonoff-Cohen and colleagues<sup>1</sup>for careful work in determining the association between passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), especially the quantitation of exposure and finding of a dose-response relationship. However, I am disturbed about the authors' treatment of another important issue: breast-feeding and SIDS. Although they did not quantitate breast-feeding either in exclusivity or in duration, they imply in the title and in the conclusion that the lack of protection from SIDS among breast-fed babies of smoking mothers was due to tobacco exposure through the breast milk. The number of smoking mothers who breast-fed in the sample was only 22, consistent with the fact that fewer smokers breast-feed<sup>2</sup>and nicotine interferes with milk supply. The confidence intervals (CIs) were so wide (0.16 to 12.03) that conclusions based on them are probably meaningless. One could speculate that the three smoking, breast-feeding mothers
Response in Dogs to Relaxants Derived from Succinic Acid and Choline
Authors: L. W. Hall, H. Lehmann, E. Silk
Journal: BMJ (1953)

EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE AND ORCHIDECTOMY TBJURnaI and were killed the following day.Specimens of the prostate, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, skin and subcutaneous tissue, adrenal glands, and, when possible, the testes were fixed in Heidenhain's "susa " fluid.Sections were cut 10 microns thick and stained with dilute carbol- fuchsin or weak eosin.The activity of the reticuloendothelial system was measured by the number of dye- bearing cells, and the intensity of the vital staining in the organs and tissues was examined.
Monitoring the marketing of infant formula feeds
Authors: T. Waterston
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Papers p 127 

Breast feeding is one of the most cost effective interventions to improve health and prevent illness in early childhood. Protection of breast feeding from commercial exploitation should be among the highest priorities for the international community, yet violations of the World Health Organization's code of marketing of breast milk substitutes have been seen regularly, despite companies' expressed intentions to conform.1–3 The study by Aguayo et al in west Africa in this issue (p 127) provides further evidence that many manufacturers fly in the face of the code by providing free samples, giving donations to health workers, and contravening standards for labelling.4

How reliable is the methodology of the study? The selection of health centres to be monitored was either random or complete. The number of mothers interviewed was modest: 105 compared with 1582 in the 1998 study,2 and, surprisingly, more health workers than mothers were …
Changes of the golgi apparatus induced by diethylmaleate in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Anne-Marie Jezequel, Patrizia Bonazzi, Piera Amabili, Cinzia Venturini, Francesco Orlandi
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Ultrastructural studies of the liver of rats given diethylmaleate (DEM) (0.7 ml per kg body, i.p.) weight revealed marked alterations of the configuration of the Golgi complex in all hepatocytes. This consisted in dilatation of the cisternae leading to the formation of large cysts. The alteration was more prominent 15 min after administration of the drug, coincident with a 2–fold increase of bile flow and a decrease of hepatic glutathione to 15% of controls. The morphology returned to normal at 45 min after DEM administration together with a return of bile flow to control values whereas hepatic glutathione level remained markedly depressed for 2 hr, rising slowly afterwards. No other signs of altered hepatic morphology developed up to 5 hr. The morphological changes correlated with altered bile flow induced by DEM, suggesting involvement of the Golgi complex in biliary excretion of osmotically active glutathione conjugates of DEM.
Pleurodynia
Authors: John J. Finn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

BEGINNING in July and continuing through August and September, 1947, a large group of patients afflicted with an acute febrile illness resembling what has been popularly known in the United States as "devil's grip" or "epidemic pleurodynia" were admitted to the medical and surgical wards of the Boston City Hospital. At the time of submission of this report, patients are still being admitted sporadically.So far as is known, the last reported epidemic of this disease in the United States was the Brooklyn epidemic of 1942.1 A smaller group of cases, consisting of 12 hospitalized and 8 nonhospitalized patients among . . .
Using Decision Forest to Classify Prostate Cancer Samples on the Basis of SELDI-TOF MS Data: Assessing Chance Correlation and Prediction Confidence
Authors: Weida Tong, Qian Xie, Huixiao Hong, Hong Fang, Leming Shi, Roger Perkins, Emanuel F. Petricoin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Class prediction using "omics" data is playing an increasing role in toxicogenomics, diagnosis/prognosis, and risk assessment. These data are usually noisy and represented by relatively few samples and a very large number of predictor variables (e.g., genes of DNA microarray data or m/z peaks of mass spectrometry data). These characteristics manifest the importance of assessing potential random correlation and overfitting of noise for a classification model based on omics data. We present a novel classification method, decision forest (DF), for class prediction using omics data. DF combines the results of multiple heterogeneous but comparable decision tree (DT) models to produce a consensus prediction. The method is less prone to overfitting of noise and chance correlation. A DF model was developed to predict presence of prostate cancer using a proteomic data set generated from surface-enhanced laser deposition/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The degree of chance correlation and prediction confidence of the model was rigorously assessed by extensive cross-validation and randomization testing. Comparison of model prediction with imposed random correlation demonstrated biologic relevance of the model and the reduction of overfitting in DF. Furthermore, two confidence levels (high and low confidences) were assigned to each prediction, where most misclassifications were associated with the low-confidence region. For the high-confidence prediction, the model achieved 99.2% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. The model also identified a list of significant peaks that could be useful for biomarker identification. DF should be equally applicable to other omics data such as gene expression data or metabolomic data. The DF algorithm is available upon request.
Dietary fiber intake and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: prospective cohort study
Authors: S. Li, A. Flint, J. K. Pai, J. P. Forman, F. B. Hu, W. C. Willett, K. M. Rexrode, K. J. Mukamal, E. B. Rimm
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the associations of dietary fiber after myocardial infarction (MI) and changes in dietary fiber intake from before to after MI with all cause and cardiovascular mortality. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Two large prospective cohort studies of US women and men with repeated dietary measurements: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. <b>Participants</b> 2258 women and 1840 men who were free of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer at enrollment, survived a first MI during follow-up, were free of stroke at the time of initial onset of MI, and provided food frequency questionnaires pre-MI and at least one post-MI. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Associations of dietary fiber post-MI and changes from before to after MI with all cause and cardiovascular mortality using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for drug use, medical history, and lifestyle factors. <b>Results</b> Higher post-MI fiber intake was significantly associated with lower all cause mortality (comparing extreme fifths, pooled hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.97). Greater intake of cereal fiber was more strongly associated with all cause mortality (pooled hazard ratio 0.73, 0.58 to 0.91) than were other sources of dietary fiber. Increased fiber intake from before to after MI was significantly associated with lower all cause mortality (pooled hazard ratio 0.69, 0.55 to 0.87). <b>Conclusions</b> In this prospective study of patients who survived MI, a greater intake of dietary fiber after MI, especially cereal fiber, was inversely associated with all cause mortality. In addition, increasing consumption of fiber from before to after MI was significantly associated with lower all cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Systemic lupus erythematosus. III. Observations on clinical renal involvement and follow up of renal function: Dutch experience with 110 patients studied prospectively.
Authors: J.C Nossent, W Bronsveld, A.J Swaak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A prospective study of 110 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of clinical signs of lupus nephritis, which developed in 39 (35%) patients. Those patients with SLE who showed no clinical signs of lupus nephritis had an excellent survival rate (10 year survival 93%) and retained normal renal function (serum creatinine less than 130 mumols/l); clinical lupus nephritis developed mainly in the first three years after diagnosis of SLE and was associated with a decreased survival rate (10 year survival 62%). Increased mortality was found in male patients with lupus nephritis over 25 years of age and in female patients with lupus nephritis under 25 years of age, while renal failure rates did not differ between these groups. Treatment of lupus nephritis with high dose prednisone alone or in combination with immunosuppressants did not result in differences in patient survival or renal function preservation. It was concluded that clinical variables are a reliable guide in the management of patients with SLE, and routine use of renal biopsy in these patients is rejected.
THE VALUE OF ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN THE ARREST AND PREVENTION OF HAEMOPTYSIS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Z. P. Fernandez
Journal: BMJ (1918)

PNEUTMOTHORAX IN PI-ITHISIS.N,lcT.it L 55 In these various ways anmass of data could be obtained which, beinig collected by a siugle observer, shiould be free from differences of personal equation, and wliich on analysis slhould yield really valuable and wvell founded information.
Efficient Drug Delivery and Induction of Apoptosis in Colorectal Tumors Using a Death Receptor 5-Targeted Nanomedicine
Authors: Daniela Schmid, Francois Fay, Donna M Small, Jakub Jaworski, Joel S Riley, Diana Tegazzini, Cathy Fenning, David S Jones, Patrick G Johnston, Daniel B Longley, Christopher J Scott
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Death Receptor 5 (DR5) is a pro-apoptotic cell-surface receptor that is a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Despite the potency of DR5-targeting agents in preclinical models, the translation of these effects into the clinic remains disappointing. Herein, we report an alternative approach to exploiting DR5 tumor expression using antibody-targeted, chemotherapy-loaded nanoparticles. We describe the development of an optimized polymer-based nanotherapeutic incorporating both a functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer and targeting antibodies to limit premature phagocytic clearance whilst enabling targeting of DR5-expressing tumor cells. Using the HCT116 colorectal cancer model, we show that following binding to DR5, the nanoparticles activate caspase 8, enhancing the anti-tumor activity of the camptothecin payload both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the combination of nanoparticle-induced DR5 clustering with camptothecin delivery overcomes resistance to DR5-induced apoptosis caused by loss of BAX or overexpression of anti-apoptotic FLIP. This novel approach may improve the clinical activity of DR5-targeted therapeutics while increasing tumor-specific delivery of systemically toxic chemotherapeutics.