tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First-aid training.
Authors: S Miles
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The fact that the teaching of first-aid has been largely in the hands of the voluntary associations has tended to raise the subject from its simple context and transform it into a specialty whose practitioners are trained to agreed standards, obtain certificates, and, when on first-aid duty, wear uniform.Firstaiders have thus become a select group within the community, which gives rise to the popular ibeief that only members of this group are competent to give first-aid treatment.Ideally everyone should be trained in first-aid.It is, however, physically impossile for more than a Ilinited number to be given fonmal courses and to gain certificates.This is not a very satisfactory situation, especially as recently the national conscience has ibeen stirred by the publicity given to accidents and the human suffering and economic loss they involve.Accidents account for over 20,000 deaths a year in Great Britain, with, in addition, 300,000 persons seriously injured and 5 million hurt.The estimated cost to the nation is £500 m. lost in earning power, productivity, medical expenses, and compensation.TIis means that every minute there are ten persons needing first-aid treatment and £1,000 goes "down the drain."A further significant factor is that of this large toll of accidents 40% occur in road accidents in full view of the public, are dramatic in nature, and widely reported in newspapers, radio, and television.Early and efficient first-aid, though basically having no effect in preventing aocidents, would significantly reduce the death rate, improve the degree and speed of recovery of the injured, and save a great deal of money.It is therefore essential to
Toll-6 and Toll-7 function as neurotrophin receptors in the Drosophila melanogaster CNS
Authors: Graham McIlroy, Istvan Foldi, Jukka Aurikko, Jill S Wentzell, Mei Ann Lim, Janine C Fenton, Nicholas J Gay, Alicia Hidalgo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Cholesterol and mortality rates.
Authors: T J Bassler
Journal: BMJ (1980)

are exceptionally difficult to make from geographical data.3(3) Furthermore, the analysis of data for towns need not provide any useful guide to the results obtained by analysing the same data at the individual level.The aggregation of data for individuals into towns creates all manner of spurious geographical associations, which statistical techniques are very adept at identifying.(4) Statistical analysis of geographical data suffers from a number of problems that have been completely ignored.In this respect the study
Left Ventricular Diverticulum Image Correlation
Authors: JOHN R. STY, ROBERT G. WELLS, ROBERT C. HARDIE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Congenital ventricular divertlcula are rare cardiac malformations. Children with isolated congenital ventricular diverticulum can have arrhythmias, infective endocarditis, septic emboli, mitral regurgitation, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac rupture. However, most patients are asymptomatic if the abnormality is isolated. The authors present the image correlation of a child with mesocardia, ventricular septal defect, and a congenital left ventricular diverticulum. Gated blood pool imaging of the heart and real time sonography served to confirm the diagnosis of a congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle and characterized the extent of the lesion in this 2-year-old child.
Efficacy and Safety of Echinacea in Treating Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
Authors: James A. Taylor, Wendy Weber, Leanna Standish, Hal Quinn, Jenna Goesling, Mary McGann, Carlo Calabrese
Journal: JAMA (2003)

PPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INfections (URIs) are a significant health burden in childhood.2][3] Symptoms frequently require medical attention; during the winter months almost 40% of visits to pediatricians by patients 1 to 5 years old are because of cold and cough symptoms. 4p to one third of young children with URIs are diagnosed with secondary bacterial infections such as otitis media or sinusitis, frequently resulting in antibiotic therapy. 2,4To alleviate the symptoms of URIs, children are frequently given drugs such as decongestants, antihistamines, and cough suppressants. 5][8] Perhaps because of the lack of efficacy of conventional medications for URIs, a substantial proportion of children receive alternative forms of treatment such as homeopathy and naturopathy.It has been estimated that 11% to 21% of children in the United States and Canada who are receiving care from
ADD-ON THERAPY WITH HMG-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITORS MAY LOWER THE RISK FOR INCIDENT LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION +/− HEART FAILURE IN EPIRUBICIN RECIPIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Adrian Tase, Ovidiu T. Titus, Anca Tase, Gheorghe Savoiu, Ion Iorga-Siman, Marius Mihaila
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Double-Outlet Left Ventricle with an Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: MILTON H. PAUL, ALEXANDER J. MUSTER, SACHCHIDA N. SINHA, ROGER B. COLE, RICHARD VAN PRAAGH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Clinical, laboratory, and anatomic findings were presented concerning the first clinically diagnosed and autopsy proved case of origin of both great arteries from the morphologically left ventricle. The salient pathologic findings were: normally interrelated chambers (noninverted) in situs solitus; no ventricular septal defect; infundibular atresia; infundibulum related only to the right ventricle; absence of infundibular musculature beneath the great arteries, with aortic-mitral and pulmonary-mitral fibrous continuity; semilunar valves side by side, aortic to the right and pulmonary to the left, and at approximately the same height; thick-walled and small-chambered right ventricle with endocardial fibroelastosis of the apical half of the ventricle; hypertrophy and enlargement of both atria and of the left ventricle; absence of the left coronary ostium; and a fistula between the right ventricular apex and the anterior descending coronary artery. The main developmental implications of this rare case appear to be as follows: (1) strong support is given for the differential conal growth hypothesis concerning the morphogenesis of great arterial interrelationships; (2) truncus arteriosus communis would appear to have atresia, not absence, of the subpulmonary infundibulum; (3) the truncal septum does extend a short distance below the semilunar valves; and (4) the conus arteriosus appears to be a separate cardiac segment, not part of the right ventricle and not part of the great artelies.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AND INCREASED METABOLISM FROM DINITROPHENOL AND THYROID 1
Authors: W. C. Cutting, D. A. Rytand, M. L. Tainter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

It has long been known that certain manifestations of hyperthyroidism follow directly upon the increased metabolic rate, but the causes of other changes in the disease are not so obvious.Dinitrophenol increases metabo- lism by a peripheral action in the tissues, and apparently has no other con- comitant actions in therapeutic doses (1 to 10); thus it is available for studying isolated effects of increased metabolism and determining the im- portance of the latter in thyrotoxicosis.Anxiety, palpitation, and tremor, which are commonly found in hyperthyroidism, are absent when the metabolism is correspondingly increased by dinitrophenol, but increased perspiration and sensations of warmth are present in both (7).The latter symptoms, therefore, are apparently due directly to the heightened metabolism.Another difference from thyroid or thyroxine ( 6) is absence of accelerated metamorphosis of tadpoles.The heightened metabolism caused by excess thyroid is associated with an in- creased pulse pressure, while that of dinitrophenol is not accompanied by an increased output, as judged from pulse pressure-pulse rate formulae.However, some change in output can be demonstrated in experimental ani- mals with metabolic rates beyond those seen clinically ( 8).Apparently, with dinitrophenol the tissues get their greater oxygen supply, at least partly, by increased deoxygenation of the blood.In our experience after dinitrophenol, and after dinitro-o-cresol (19), patients with severe degrees of hypothyroidism fail to get symptomatic relief even though the metabolic rate is restored to normal by these drugs.Thus, the ability to increase me- tabolism appears to be the only common action of dinitrophenol and thyroid so far studied.This paper deals with a blood-constituent which is quantitatively modi- fied in thyroid disease, namely, cholesterol.The concentration df blood cholesterol is usually raised in hypothyroidism, and lowered slightly in hyperthyroidism.Therefore, we have studied the changes in cholesterol after dinitrophenol medication to determine whether it varies with the meta-
Mechanism of Normal Blood Pressure in Familial Pheochromocytoma.
Authors: Nuzhet O. Atuk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Mechanism of Normal Blood Pressure in Familial Pheochromocytoma.Nuzhet O. Atuk, T. C. Westfall, M. H. DonaldsonNuzhet O. AtukSearch for more papers by this author, T. C. WestfallSearch for more papers by this author, M. H. DonaldsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1073_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPheochrome tumors have been identified in 10 of 28 members of a family. In four of these tumor patients we observed the unexpected coexistence of normal blood pressure and increased urinary norepinephrine. In one of these four, despite normal blood pressure and urinary norepinephrine, bilateral tumors were found at surgical exploration.To study the mechanism of this paradox we infused carbon-14 (14C) norepinephrine into normal family members and pheochromocytoma patients before and after tumor removal and followed its metabolism; catecholamine content and monoamine oxidase activity in tumor tissue were assayed.In order to study alpha-adrenergic receptor response we measured blood... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Charlottesville, Virginia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1073-1073KeywordsBloodBlood pressureCatecholaminesNorepinephrinePheochromocytoma Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Peripheral versus central effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on satiety and body weight loss in Zucker obese rats
Authors: Fernando Rodriquez de Fonseca, Miguel Navarro, Elvira Alvarez, Isabel Roncero, Julie A. Chowen, Olivia Maestre, Raquel Gómez, Raúl M. Muñoz, John Eng, Enrique Blázquez
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Pagophagia and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: RALPH D. REYNOLDS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A survey of the prevalence of the various forms of pica was carried out in 38 consecutive patients with iron deficiency from chronic blood loss. Pagophagia, or the ingestion of ice, was found to be the most common finding. Geophagia, starch ingestion, and other forms of pica were much less frequent. In 22 of 23 patients with the symptom of pagophagia and iron deficiency anemia, there was complete disappearance of the symptom when the iron deficiency state was corrected. The correlation of serum iron levels with symptoms of pagophagia was best demonstrated by disappearance of symptoms as serum iron levels rose to above 70 µg/100 ml. The cause of this common form of pica is not known but may be related to factors such as tissue enzyme deficiency.
Dynamic T cell–APC interactions sustain chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Ekaterina K. Koltsova, Zacarias Garcia, Grzegorz Chodaczek, Michael Landau, Sara McArdle, Spencer R. Scott, Sibylle von Vietinghoff, Elena Galkina, Yury I. Miller, Scott T. Acton, Klaus Ley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries characterized by leukocyte accumulation in the vessel wall. Both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to atherogenesis, but the identity of atherosclerosis-relevant antigens and the role of antigen presentation in this disease remain poorly characterized. We developed live-cell imaging of explanted aortas to compare the behavior and role of APCs in normal and atherosclerotic mice. We found that CD4+ T cells were capable of interacting with fluorescently labeled (CD11c-YFP+) APCs in the aortic wall in the presence, but not the absence, of cognate antigen. In atherosclerosis-prone Apoe–/–CD11c-YFP+ mice, APCs extensively interacted with CD4+ T cells in the aorta, leading to cell activation and proliferation as well as secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. These cytokines enhanced uptake of oxidized and minimally modified LDL by macrophages. We conclude that antigen presentation by APCs to CD4+ T cells in the arterial wall causes local T cell activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which promote atherosclerosis by maintaining chronic inflammation and inducing foam cell formation.
The liver in siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis: a light and electron microscopic study.
Authors: N C Nayak, N Marwaha, V Kalra, S Roy, O P Ghai
Journal: Gut (1981)

Liver biopsies from 29 siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and from two age-matched controls were examined by routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical stainings for copper and copper-binding protein were also carried out. The mild and non-specific structural alterations that were observed did not differ from those seen in control livers, even though a slight to moderate excess of copper and copper-binding protein was demonstrated in the majority. Aggregates of microtubules seen in some siblings, as well as in control livers, may indicate the preconditions for development of Mallory hyaline. It is possible that these features suggest a susceptibility for the development of ICC but not early disease.
Thermolabile Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Leo A. J. Kluijtmans, John J. P. Kastelein, Jan Lindemans, Godfried H. J. Boers, Sandra G. Heil, Albert V. G. Bruschke, J. Wouter Jukema, Lambert P. W. J. van den Heuvel, Frans J. M. Trijbels, Geert J. M. Boerma, Freek W. A. Verheugt, Frank Willems, Henk J. Blom
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent and graded risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), may result from both environmental and hereditary factors. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the conversion of methylenetetrahydrofolate to methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. A 677C→T mutation in the MTHFR gene has been associated with elevated homocysteine concentrations in homozygous (+/+) individuals. Methods and Results We assessed the frequency of this common mutation in 735 CAD patients from the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS), a lipid-lowering coronary-regression trial, and in 1250 population-based control subjects. Furthermore, the association between the mutation and serum homocysteine concentrations was studied. The frequency of the homozygous (+/+) mutation was 9.5% among patients versus 8.5% among control subjects, resulting in an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.68), relative to the (−/−) genotype. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly elevated in both (+/+) and (+/−) individuals compared with (−/−) individuals (median homocysteine levels, 15.4, 13.4, and 12.6 μmol/L, for (+/+), (+/−), and (−/−) individuals, respectively). For a summary estimation of the risk of the (+/+) genotype for CAD, we performed a meta-analysis on 8 different case-control studies on thermolabile MTHFR in CAD. In the meta-analysis, the homozygous (+/+) genotype was present in 299 of 2476 patients (12.1%) and in 257 (10.4%) of 2481 control subjects, resulting in a significant odds ratio of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.47) relative to the (−/−) genotype. Conclusions Both the homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (+/−) genotype result in elevated homocysteine concentrations. From our meta-analysis, we conclude that the homozygous (+/+) genotype is a modest but significant risk factor for CAD.
Screening for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotype in alcohol-induced asthma by using the ethanol patch test
Authors: Hiroto Matsuse, Terufumi Shimoda, Chizu Fukushima, Kazuko Mitsuta, Tetsuya Kawano, Shin-ya Tomari, Sachiko Saeki, Yuki Kondoh, Ikuko Machida, Yasushi Obase, Sadahiro Asai, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Pharmacologic Restraint vs Therapeutic Intent
Authors: Ronald Pies
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —The study of Physical and Pharmacologic Restraint of Nursing Home Patients With Dementia by Sloane et al 1 reminds us that the care of nursing home patients with dementia requires sensitivity and expertise. It is certainly true, for example, that psychotropic medication is often misused or overused in this population.  Unfortunately, Sloane et al use an inappropriately broad definition of pharmacologic restraint that does injustice to many who care for geriatric patients and ignores the psychiatric and legal issues surrounding this term. Pharmacologic or chemical restraint is a legal (not medical) term, arising from litigation involving the involuntary (usually intramuscular) administration of antipsychotic agents. Such practices have been severely constrained, eg, the Rogers decision ( Rogers v Okin ), 2 precisely to protect what Sloane et al call  liberty. Sloane et al use a much broader definition of pharmacologic restraint, which they say exists when the patient had
Salivary Gland Tumors in Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: Ludwik Gross
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with considerable interest the article by Belsky et al who reported that salivary gland tumors were found to be increased more than fivefold among survivors of the atomic bomb explosions, who had been exposed to high doses of radiation, as compared with unexposed controls (<b>219</b>:864, 1972). In our experimental studies, carried out in mice,<sup>1</sup>we observed that following total body x-ray irradiation (150 to 200 roentgen (R), four times, at weekly intervals, applied to 6- to 8-week old mice of the C3H strain), 56 out of 116 irradiated mice developed leukemia at 8 1/2 months average age, and two mice developed multicentric parotid gland carcinomas when 6 to 7 months old. None of the 93 untreated controls developed either leukemia or salivary gland tumors. The incidence of salivary gland tumors was increased when thymectomized mice were irradiated: Out of 14 mice that received
Caring for dying patients is not about prolonging life at all costs
Authors: M. Ashby
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> In some eukaryotes, a ‘hidden break’ has been described in which the 28S ribosomal RNA molecule is cleaved into two subparts. The break is common in protostome animals but has also been reported in some vertebrates and non-metazoan eukaryotes. We present a new computational approach to determine the presence of the hidden break in 28S rRNAs using mapping of RNA-Seq data. We find an homologous break is present across protostomes although has been lost in some taxa. We show that rare breaks in vertebrates are not homologous to the protostome break. A break is found in just 3 out of 307 species of non-animal eukaryotes studied but these are located in the same position as the protostome break suggesting a striking instance of convergent evolution. RNA Integrity Numbers (RIN) rely on intact 28s rRNA and will be consistently underestimated in the great majority of animal species with a break.
Up-regulated microRNA-143 transcribed by nuclear factor kappa B enhances hepatocarcinoma metastasis by repressing fibronectin expression
Authors: Xiaoying Zhang, Shanrong Liu, Tingsong Hu, Shupeng Liu, Ying He, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

It is increasingly clear that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a distinct microRNA (miRNA) expression profile that is involved in malignancy; however, little is known about how functional miRNA modulates the metastasis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC (HBV-HCC). In the present study, we demonstrate that the levels of miRNA-143 (miR-143) are dramatically increased in metastatic HBV-HCC of both p21-HBx transgenic mice and HCC patients. Moreover, we show that overexpression of this miRNA is transcribed by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and favors liver tumor cell invasive and metastatic behavior. Intratumoral administration of miR-143 shows that high levels of miR-143 can significantly promote HCC metastasis in an athymic nude mouse model. An in vivo study that used p21-HBx transgenic mice also showed that local liver metastasis and distant lung metastasis are significantly inhibited by blocking miR-143. Additionally, fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B), which regulates cell motility, was identified as the direct and functional target of miR-143 both in vivo and in vitro.Up-regulation of miR-143 expression transcribed by NF-kappaB in HBV-HCC promotes cancer cell invasion/migration and tumor metastasis by repression of FNDC3B expression. The present study provides a better understanding of the specificity of the biological behavior and thus may be helpful in developing an effective treatment against HBV-HCC.
The Frail, the Old, and Diagnosis Related Groups-Reply
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  A common theme in the letters from Drs Yarbrough and Fulop is that elderly patients are more expensive to treat than younger patients. Dr Yarbrough points out the difference between an 80-year-old jogger and an 80-year-old patient with emphysema and hemiparesis, and his point is well taken. Since our article was submitted for publication, unpublished work by the Prospective Payment Assessment Commission (ProPAC) staff (Kurt Price, PhD, personal communication, February 1987) indicates that age predicts almost nothing about the cost of a patient's care once diagnosis related group and comorbid conditions are taken into account. Their findings suggest that including age in the diagnosis related group algorithm actually reduces its precision. The Medicare Prospective Payment System has strongly encouraged hospitals to code comorbid diagnoses fully, and we believe the resulting improvement in data quality may explain the modest difference between the ProPAC results and ours. In any case,
Vitamins face control worldwide.
Authors: R. Mistlin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

vitamin K and thus associated with childhood cancer, but in the other hospital there was no association between type of delivery and cancer, regardless of whether or not intramuscular vitamin K had been given.Consequently it is unlikely that type of delivery will explain the link between intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer.We note the response from D Kaiser and PA Hooper of Roche.As they indicate in their letter, the second vitamin K study was indeed funded by them.This funding was only agreed after they had submitted our proposed design for appropriate peer review.The exact design of the study was discussed at length with Roche before it was started and so it is difficult to interpret their statement that they believe this to be seriously flawed.Kaiser and Hooper also criticise the statis- tical methods.The data have been analysed in two different ways, and although possibly some of their criticisms may apply to the use of logistic regres- sion, they do not apply to the Mantel-Haenszel test that we used.The fact that both methods produced almost identical results is a refutation of their claim of bias in the statistical techniques.The Mantel- Haenszel results were published in detail so that it could be seen that these were not unduly influenced by any one particular year.J&OLDING