tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WHO urges the phasing out of artemisinin based monotherapy for malaria to reduce resistance
Authors: W. Cui
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Container production of hardwood seedlings has not been extensively practiced. Efficient nursery production of hardwood seedlings in containers can be limited by formation of a broad foliar canopy, which limits irrigation uniformity. This study was established to investigate suitability of subirrigation, a method of irrigating seedlings from the container base that relies on rise of water through capillary action, for production of broad-leaved hardwood seedlings. Northern red oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i> L. [Fagaceae]) seeds were sown into 4 container types, and seedlings were grown in a controlled greenhouse environment under either traditional overhead irrigation or subirrigation. Media electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at container depths of 1, 5, and 10 cm (0.4, 2, and 4 in) after 57 d. Subirrigated seedlings had significantly higher EC at each depth compared with overhead irrigated seedlings, with a trend of decreasing EC with increasing measurement depth. A significant container type x irrigation method interaction suggested potential for toxic EC levels in some subirrigated containers, which can be alleviated by periodic leaching using clear water to dissipate salts from the top 1 cm (0.4 in). At the end of the growing period, seedling height and root-collar diameter were not influenced by irrigation method or container type, indicating that subirrigation is suitable for hardwood seedling production.
Coordinate expression of regulatory genes differentiates embryonic and perinatal forms of biliary atresia
Authors: Dong-Yi Zhang, Gregg Sabla, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Greg Tiao, Ronald J. Sokol, Cara Mack, Benjamin L. Shneider, Bruce Aronow, Jorge A. Bezerra
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The molecular basis for the embryonic and perinatal clinical forms of biliary atresia is largely undefined. In this study, we aimed to: 1) determine if the clinical forms can be differentiated at the transcriptional level, and 2) search for molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences. To this end, we generated biotinylated cRNA probes from livers of age-matched infants with the embryonic (n = 5) and perinatal (n = 6) forms of biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis and hybridized them against the Affymetrix human HG-U133 A and B microarrays containing 44,760 gene products. Data filtering and two-way cluster analysis of the gene expression platform identified 230 genes with an expression profile that is highly distinctive of the clinical phenotypes. Functionally, the profile did not reveal a higher-order function for a specific cell type; instead, it uncovered a coordinated expression of regulatory genes. These regulatory genes were predominantly represented in the embryonic form (45% of genes), with a unique pattern of expression of genes involved in chromatin integrity/function ( Smarca-1, Rybp , and Hdac3 ) and the uniform overexpression of five imprinted genes ( Igf2, Peg3, Peg10, Meg3 , and IPW ), implying a failure to downregulate embryonic gene programs. In conclusion, embryonic and perinatal forms of biliary atresia are distinguished by gene expression profiling. The coordinate expression of regulators of chromatin structure/function and of imprinted genes provides evidence for a transcriptional basis for the pathogenesis of the embryonic form of biliary atresia. Further studies exploring these biological processes are required to determine the significance of these findings. Supplementary material for this article can be found at http://genet.cchmc.org. (Hepatology 2004;39:954-962.)
Risks Higher for Some Estrogen Drugs
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LEAD POISONING.A STUDY OF THE GASTRIC CONTENTS IN TWELVE CASES.
Authors: JOSEPH SAILER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Last winter during my service at Blockley a patient was admitted suffering from severe intestinal colic due to chronic lead poisoning. In the hope of obtaining some information on the nature of the colic, a test-meal was obtained, and the findings were so interesting that, at my suggestion, my resident physician, Dr. John Speese, obtained test-meals of all the cases of lead poisoning that were available during the rest of the winter. The results were so nearly uniform that it seems unlikely that a more extended series of investigations will show any material difference. The technic was as follows: Usually with, sometimes without, a preliminary washing, the patient was given a test-meal of two slices of bread and about twelve ounces of water. One hour after the patient commenced eating, the stomach contents were withdrawn by aspiration, measured and tested for free acid with Congo red, then filtered and examined.
Benign and malignant colorectal strictures in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: V Gumaste, D B Sachar, A J Greenstein
Journal: Gut (1992)

Colorectal strictures, either benign or malignant, are not uncommon in ulcerative colitis. Fifty nine of 1156 ulcerative colitis patients (5%) admitted to this hospital between 1959 and 1983 developed 70 separate colorectal strictures. Seventeen of the 70 strictures (24%) proved to be malignant and the other 53 benign. Nine patients developed more than one stricture. Three principal features distinguished the 17 malignant from the 53 benign strictures in this series: (1) appearance late in the course of ulcerative colitis (61% probability of malignancy in strictures that develop after 20 years of disease v 0% probability in those occurring before 10 years); (2) location proximal to the splenic flexure (86% probability of malignancy v 47% in sigmoid, 10% in rectum, and 0% in splenic flexure and descending colon); and (3) symptomatic large bowel obstruction (100% probability of malignancy v only 14% in the absence of obstruction or constipation). Moreover, cancer associated with strictures tends to be more advanced (76% stage D, 24% A and B) than that which does not produce strictures (18% stage D, 59% A and B).
Abstract 2861: Inhibition of mTOR and AKT as a potential strategy for the treatment of basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Cynthia X. Ma, Zhanfang Guo, Siguang Xu, Shunqiang Li, Matthew Ellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive disease, for which effective targeted therapies are lacking. The frequent loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR pathway in basal-like breast cancer make it an attractive therapeutic strategy to target AKT and mTOR. To evaluate the effect of PTEN loss on tumor cell sensitivity to mTOR inhibition, we performed PTEN knockdown experiment in vitro using a basal-like breast cancer cell line WU-BC3, which was derived from a patient with triple negative breast cancer. A more dramatic reduction in cell proliferation was observed in WU-BC3 siPTEN compared to that in WU-BC3 siControl following 7 days of treatment with the mTOR inhibitor MK-8669 (p&amp;lt;0.001). We then tested MK-8669 and MK-2206 (an allosteric, selective pan-AKT inhibitor), either alone or in combination, in 2 Human Tumor in Mouse (HIM) models of basal-like breast cancer, WU-BC4 and WU-BC5, that are deficient in PTEN expression in vivo. In both models, MK-8669 alone significantly inhibited tumor growth (p&amp;lt;0.001). However, the combination of MK-8669 and MK-2206 was more effective than either MK-8669 (p&amp;lt;0.05) or MK-2206 (p&amp;lt;0.01) alone. Biomarker studies indicated that the combination therapy resulted in a more dramatic inhibition of tumor cell proliferation (as assessed by Ki67) and angiogenesis (as assessed by CD31 staining) than single agents alone in both models. In addition, treatment with MK-2206 abolished the MK-8669-induced AKT activation in vivo, suggesting the inhibition of the feedback loop between mTOR and AKT being a potential underlying mechanism for the enhanced anti-tumor effect observed with the combination therapy. Our results provide a preclinical rationale for future clinical investigation of this combination in basal-like breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2861. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2861
Drug companies are censured by watchdog
Authors: S. Kingman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Two pharmaceutical companies that offered doctors money, gifts, and inappropriate hospitality to promote sales of their products have been censured by the pharmaceutical industry's watchdog organisation. One of the companies took doctors on free trips to Portugal and Spain, which included golf, tennis, squash, and sightseeing.

The watchdog, the Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority, ruled that the activities of both companies had discredited the pharmaceutical industry. They had breached clause 2 of the code of practice, which says that methods of promotion must never bring discredit on, or reduce confidence in, the pharmaceutical industry.

The companies, Fisons Pharmaceuticals and Duphar Laboratories, were subsequently suspended from membership of the Association of British …
Sustained and full fetal hemoglobin production after failure of bone marrow transplant in a patient homozygous for beta 0‐thalassemia: A clinical remission despite genetic disease and transplant rejection
Authors: Katia Paciaroni, Cristiano Gallucci, Gioia De Angelis, Cecilia Alfieri, Andrea Roveda, Guido Lucarelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract An adult patient affected by β 0 ‐thalassemia major underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a matched related donor. Forty days after transplant, allogeneic engraftment failure and autologous β 0 ‐thalassemic bone marrow recovery were documented. Red blood cell transfusions were required until 118 days post‐transplant. Thereafter, the haemoglobin (Hb) levels stabilized over 11.8 gr/dl throughout the ongoing 34‐month follow‐up, abolishing the need for transfusion support. The Hb electrophoresis showed 100% Hb Fetal (HbF). This unexplained case suggests full HbF production may occur in an adult patient with β 0 ‐thalassemia major. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imbalance between Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitor α1-Antitrypsin in Obesity Alters Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammation, and Energy Expenditure
Authors: Virginie Mansuy-Aubert, Qiong L. Zhou, Xiangyang Xie, Zhenwei Gong, Jun-Yuan Huang, Abdul R. Khan, Gregory Aubert, Karla Candelaria, Shantele Thomas, Dong-Ju Shin, Sarah Booth, Shahid M. Baig, Ahmed Bilal, Daehee Hwang, Hui Zhang, Robin Lovell-Badge, Steven R. Smith, Fazli R. Awan, Zhen Y. Jiang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Development and evaluation of a hot-film velocity probe for cardiovascular studies
Authors: W. A. Seed, N. B. Wood
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

The application of constant temperature hot-film anemometry to measurement of point blood velocity in arteries is discussed and the importance of certain aspects of design, and of provision of means for detecting flow reversal, is demonstrated. Hot film probes suitable for intra-arterial use have been constructed and tested in regimes of steady and unsteady water flow. At overheat ratios compatible with use in blood three different commercially available anemometers had unsatisfactory frequency responses. Oscillatory calibrations performed in the absence of mean flow were further subject to error due to generation of secondary flows. The likely significance of these various effects in distorting intra-arterial measurements is discussed.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: ROBERT E. LEVITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has excellent microbiologic activity against most pathogens that produce meningitis; both components of this drug have high penetration into tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical experience shows that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be beneficial in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis caused by organisms only moderately susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens) or resistant to these antibiotic agents (Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacter). The success of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of four patients with Staphylococcus aureus and two patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis shows that this drug may also be useful in treating infrequent types of gram-positive meningitis.
Intracellular cyclophilin A is an important Ca2+ regulator in platelets and critically involved in arterial thrombus formation
Authors: Margitta Elvers, Annika Herrmann, Peter Seizer, Patrick Münzer, Sandra Beck, Tanja Schönberger, Oliver Borst, Francisco Javier Martin-Romero, Florian Lang, Andreas E. May, Meinrad Gawaz
Journal: Blood (2012)
Healthy Men Should Not Take Statins
Authors: Rita F Redberg, Mitchell H Katz
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Somatic c-KIT activating mutation in urticaria pigmentosa and aggressive mastocytosis: establishment of clonality in a human mast cell neoplasm
Authors: B. Jack Longley, Lynda Tyrrell, Shu-Zhuang Lu, Yong-Sheng Ma, Keith Langley, Tie-gang Ding, Thomas Duffy, Peter Jacobs, Laura H. Tang, Irvin Modlin
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Neonatal rhinovirus induces mucous metaplasia and airways hyperresponsiveness through IL-25 and type 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Jun Young Hong, J. Kelley Bentley, Yutein Chung, Jing Lei, Jessica M. Steenrod, Qiang Chen, Uma S. Sajjan, Marc B. Hershenson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Drug-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Gulshan K. Ahuja
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of connective tissue involving multiple systems with protean manifestations. Abnormal immunological reactions have been found more frequently in SLE than in any other disease. The pathogenetic significance and the mechanism by which these immunological reactions develop remain obscure. The role of drug hypersensitivity continues to evoke interest. Many drugs have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of SLE. Hydralazine (Apresoline) hydrochloride, given to patients for the treatment of hypertension, was the first drug reported to our knowledge to produce a reversible lupus-like syndrome. Other drugs reported to give rise to this syndrome are penicillin, phenylbutazone, sulfadiazine, and the anticonvulsants—sodium diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin Sodium), mephenytoin (Mesantoin), and trimethadione (Tridione). To our knowledge, no case of SLE has been described following administration of primidone (Mysoline). This report describes observations in a patient with long-standing seizure disorder in whom SLE developed after a period of administration
Myeloma-derived Dickkopf-1 disrupts Wnt-regulated osteoprotegerin and RANKL production by osteoblasts: a potential mechanism underlying osteolytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ya-Wei Qiang, Yu Chen, Owen Stephens, Nathan Brown, Bangzheng Chen, Joshua Epstein, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy
Journal: Blood (2008)
A Gnotobiotic Mouse Model Demonstrates That Dietary Fiber Protects against Colorectal Tumorigenesis in a Microbiota- and Butyrate-Dependent Manner
Authors: Dallas R. Donohoe, Darcy Holley, Leonard B. Collins, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Alan C. Whitmore, Andrew Hillhouse, Kaitlin P. Curry, Sarah W. Renner, Alicia Greenwalt, Elizabeth P. Ryan, Virginia Godfrey, Mark T. Heise, Deborah S. Threadgill, Anna Han, James A. Swenberg, David W. Threadgill, Scott J. Bultman
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Whether dietary fiber protects against colorectal cancer is controversial because of conflicting results from human epidemiologic studies. However, these studies and mouse models of colorectal cancer have not controlled the composition of gut microbiota, which ferment fiber into short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Butyrate is noteworthy because it has energetic and epigenetic functions in colonocytes and tumor-suppressive properties in colorectal cancer cell lines. We used gnotobiotic mouse models colonized with wild-type or mutant strains of a butyrate-producing bacterium to demonstrate that fiber does have a potent tumor-suppressive effect but in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner. Furthermore, due to the Warburg effect, butyrate was metabolized less in tumors where it accumulated and functioned as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to stimulate histone acetylation and affect apoptosis and cell proliferation. To support the relevance of this mechanism in human cancer, we demonstrate that butyrate and histone-acetylation levels are elevated in colorectal adenocarcinomas compared with normal colonic tissues.These results, which link diet and microbiota to a tumor-suppressive metabolite, provide insight into conflicting epidemiologic findings and suggest that probiotic/prebiotic strategies can modulate an endogenous HDAC inhibitor for anticancer chemoprevention without the adverse effects associated with synthetic HDAC inhibitors used in chemotherapy.
Preserving Intellectual Freedom in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

medical practice; rather in significant part it is engaged in special interest advocacy, pursuing and preserving social power. The concept of excellence is a component of the ideological justification of that role’ [ 3 , p. 11]. Holman identified a decline in intellectual freedom as a major source of the ‘excellence deception’, which perpetuates prevailing practices, deflects criticism and insulates the profession from alternative views and social relations that would illuminate and improve health care. There are indeed increasing threats to the preservation of intellectual freedom in clinical medicine.
REPORT OF A CASE OF ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA IN BROTHER AND SISTER
Authors: Jacob Rosenbloom
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It will be recalled that two types of pentosuria1exist: (1) the alimentary type, characterized by the presence of optically active xylose or arabinose in the urine, which follows the ingestion of large amounts of pentose-containing foods2such as apples, cherries, plums, beets and leguminous vegetables, and (2) the idiopathic, or essential, pentosuria.  Salkowski and Jastrowitz3first described a case of essential pentosuria in a morphin addict who also occasionally excreted a trace of glucose. In this type of pentosuria, r-arabinose, an optically inactive pentose, is usually excreted. Janeway4was able to compile from the literature twenty-four of these cases up to the year 1906.  In the two cases of chronic pentosuria that have come under my observation, the patients were:  Mrs. A., Jewish, aged 30, who was told twelve years ago that small amounts of sugar were present in the urine. At no time has
Effects of Offering Advance Directives on Medical Treatments and Costs
Authors: Lawrence J. Schneiderman, Richard Kronick, Robert M. Kaplan, John P. Anderson, Robert D. Langer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To examine the effects of advance directives on medical treatments and on patient satisfaction and well-being and to determine whether the enhancement of patient autonomy through advance directives provides a more ethically feasible approach to cost control than does the imposition of limits through rationing. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: University and Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients: Two hundred and four patients with life-threatening illnesses, 100 of whom died after enrollment in the study. Intervention: Patients randomly assigned to the experimental group were offered the California Durable Power of Attorney (a typical proxy-instruction directive), and patients assigned to the control group were not offered the advance directive. Hospital admissions were monitored to assure that a summary of the document was present in the active medical record at each hospitalization. Measurements: Cognitive function, patient satisfaction, pyschological well-being, health locus of control, sense of coherence, health-related quality of life, receipt of medical treatments, and medical treatment charges. Results: No significant differences were found between advance-directive and control groups regarding psychosocial variables, health outcome variables, and medical treatments or charges. Patients offered an advance directive had an average hospital stay of 40.8 days (95% CI, 32.2 to 49.4 days), compared with an average of 33.1 days (95% CI, 26.0 to 40.2 days) for controls. Patients offered an advance directive were charged an average of $19 502 (95% CI, $13 030 to $25 974) for medical treatments in the last month of life compared with $19 700 (95% CI, $13 704 to $25 696) for controls. Conclusions: Despite claims that public demand for longer life accounts for rising medical costs, most surveys suggest that patients are calling for less, not more, of the expensive, high-technology treatment often used in terminal phases of illness. Executing the California Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and having a summary copy placed in the patient's medical record had no significant positive or negative effect on a patient's well-being, health status, medical treatments, or medical treatment charges.