tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOCAL SHIFTING OF BLOOD IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Howard L. Reese
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Medical and surgical therapy for peripheral vascular disease is designed for the most part to increase the blood supply to the affected part. It is inevitable that an increased blood flow to a portion of an extremity is supported by either an increase in cardiac output or vasoconstriction in other areas. It must always be borne in mind, therefore, that the therapeutic agents and procedures that increase blood flow to one tissue component of an extremity may cause a simultaneous decrease in blood flow in another part of the extremity. The classical clinical example of this is in the treatment of intermittent claudication. It cannot be assumed that therapeutic agents and procedures that increase skin blood flow will benefit patients with intermittent claudication. Friedlander, Silbert, and Bierman<sup>1</sup>called attention to this fact by demonstrating that in most instances changes in calf muscle temperature did not parallel changes in skin
The Blood Groups in Peptic Ulceration
Authors: D. A. Peebles, A. G. Melrose, J. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDIAL JOURNAL other members of the family.This will often bring to light several undiagnosed cases, and, as the disease in any one family tends to breed true to type, the management of the individual is assisted by further knowledge of the family. SummaryTuberous sclerosis is a rare disorder of tissue growth, in which many different tissues may be involved.It is hereditary and may be familial: an Anglo-Maltese family is here described in which four members were affected.The classic descriptions, of the disease, to which the name epiloia was given, concentrated on the symptom triad of infantile epilepsy, mental deficiency, and adenoma sebaceum of the face, and emphasized the bad prognosis.But only about half the sufferers exhibit the disease in this fully developed form, and milder forms with good prognosis occur just as often as the severe ones.The disease is very pleomorphic, and other common manifestations are renal or retinal tumours, and cystic lungs and phalanges.The disease is probably transmitted by an incompletely dominant gene, and in any affected family the patteEn of the disease remains constant.Whenever tuberous sclerosis is suspected or diagnosed in a patient the remaining members of the family should be studied.
GOLD IN THERAPY.Read at the Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, Oct. 4, 1893.
Authors: E. A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Gold is one of the old remedies which has been crowded to the wall by the more brilliant achievements of modern pharmacy. It is safe to say that one-half the medical profession never prescribe gold; the large body of the other half use it occasionally, while a very small minority employ it constantly in the class of cases in which it is best suited.  Gold, practically, to the m ain body of the profession, is a new remedy. From the company it has fallen in with of late, gold is open to suspicion, and whether it is a partner in the Keeley Cure or not, many will be prejudiced against it. It would seem timely and just to drag the old drug from its dusty closet, and tear it away from its bad company that we may learn what standing it really deserves in therapeutics.  What, then, is the pathological
Tracking of Second Primary Melanomas in Vemurafenib-Treated Patients
Authors: Stephane Dalle, Nicolas Poulalhon, Sébastien Debarbieux, Daniela Zaharia, Martin C. Mihm, Mario E. Lacouture, Alyx Rosen, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Klaus J. Busam, Lauriane Depaepe, Pierre-Paul Bringuier, Pauline Richez, Jean-François Baurain, Brigitte Bressac–de Paillerets, Brigitte Balme, Luc Thomas
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)
Medical Preparedness: Chernobyl as a Model for Southeastern Michigan
Authors: Felix J. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The Detroit Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility developed a project to evaluate the potential response of the local medical community to a small nuclear disaster involving radiation injuries. Our model was patterned after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster of April 26, 1986. We surveyed the potential response to a hypothetical disaster at the Enrico Fermi II nuclear reactor located south of Detroit.  Study.—  To assess the knowledge of the Detroit medical community, a questionnaire was sent to all hospital emergency departments. Twenty questionnaires were returned from 49 hospitals, representing institutions with a total of 6239 beds and ranging in size from 104 to 927 beds. The average number of correct responses was 49%. More than three fourths of the respondents were able to answer questions correctly about radiation injury that were also applicable to another type of burn or chemical injury, eg, Is the erythema
Lupus Erythematosus. A Review of the Current Status of Discoid and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and their Variants
Authors: I. Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

consecutive occasions by 5-day courses of intravenously not granted.administered cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/day.These data provide further evidence of the beneficial This patient was followed by us for a further period of effect of cytosine arabinoside in the symptomatic treat-22 months.During that time, while the haematological ment of patients with this condition.picture remained unchanged, he suffered from eleven episodes of excrutiating bone pain, always responsive to J. AsHEROV, Y. SHOENFELD, and J. PKHAS the same treatment.Repeated skeletal x-rays and bone Department of Medicine 'D', scans showed no osteolytic lesions.In December 1977 a
Women requesting a second or subsequent abortion should be screened for abuse
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Women undergoing an abortion for a second or subsequent time were much more likely than woman undergoing a first abortion to have experienced physical abuse by a male partner, sexual abuse, or coercion, a study in the journal of the Canadian Medical Association shows. The researchers say that these findings show that women presenting for a second or subsequent abortion should be screened for such a history ( CMAJ 2005;172:637-41).

Of 1127 women presenting to a regional centre in southwestern Ontario between August 1998 and May 1999 for a termination of pregnancy, 769 (68.2%) were undergoing a first abortion, 260 (23.1%) a second abortion, and 98 (8.7%) a third or subsequent abortion. The participants were …
Reducing the Impact of Opportunistic Infections in Patients With HIV Infection
Authors: Jonathan E. Kaplan, Henry Masur, Harold W. Jaffe, King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1995)

As many as 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 1 For these persons, and especially for the approximately 250 000 who have severe immunosuppression as measured by a CD4 + lymphocyte count below 0.20×10 9 /L (200/μL) (includes persons with [T. Green, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), unpublished results, 1994] and without 2 AIDS-defining illnesses) opportunistic infections exact a heavy toll in terms of quality and length of life. Among patients with severe immunosuppression, the cumulative risk of serious opportunistic infection has been estimated to be 33% after 1 year and 58% after 2 years. 3 In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with these opportunistic infections, treatment of these illnesses costs billions of dollars annually.  The last 5 years have witnessed a gratifying surge in our knowledge of the environmental sources of opportunistic pathogens, ways to reduce
Amphotericin B in Treatment of Disseminated Moniliasis
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Three patients with disseminated moniliasis were treated with intravenous injections of amphotericin B. Two were apparently cured. They previously had disseminated moniliasis following abdominal surgery. Both patients had received large doses of antimicrobial drugs and adrenal steroids prior to the onset of moniliasis. In the first case the fungi had direct access to the blood stream through indwelling intravenous polyethylene catheters; the mode of entry in the second was not established. A third patient with rheumatic heart disease developed fatal monilial endocarditis after mitral commissurotomy, the infection apparently having been introduced at the time of surgery. Each of the three strains of the offending organism isolated from the blood stream was inhibited by a small concentration of amphotericin B in vitro.
Antiperinuclear factor and keratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G.D Johnson, A Carvalho, E.J Holborow, D.H Goddard, G Russell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Tests for antiperinuclear factor (APF) demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on smears of human buccal mucosal cells and for antibodies to keratin (AKA) detected on cryostat sections of rat oesophagus were performed on serum from 102 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 117 controls. APF was detected in 92% of the cases of RA; positive tests obtained with non-RA sera were generally weaker than those given by the RA group, and the antibody in both RA and non-RA serum was predominantly IgG class. The difficulty in obtaining suitable substrate material previously reported was confirmed, and only 2 satisfactory donors were identified among 27 individuals tested. The incidence of keratin antibodies detected was found to be related to the site from which the tissue was taken; low oesophagus provided the best discrimination between RA and controls (51% and 5% positive respectively), and cardia of the stomach gave the highest incidence of staining in all groups. A laminar staining pattern was seen with most positive sera, but occasionally the keratinised layer was diffusely stained. The presence of AKA showed a marked correlation with both IgM rheumatoid factor and increased Clq binding in RA, but APF did not.
Household Air Pollution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Health Risks and Research Priorities
Authors: William J. Martin, Roger I. Glass, Houmam Araj, John Balbus, Francis S. Collins, Siân Curtis, Gregory B. Diette, William N. Elwood, Henry Falk, Patricia L. Hibberd, Susan E. J. Keown, Sumi Mehta, Erin Patrick, Julia Rosenbaum, Amir Sapkota, H. Eser Tolunay, Nigel G. Bruce
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

William Martin and colleagues report on their stakeholder meetings that reviewed the health risks of household air pollution and cookstoves, and identified research priorities in seven key areas. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
CELLULAR BASIS OF THE GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDES
Authors: G. M. Shearer, Edna Mozes, Michael Sela
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

DBA/1 mice are high responders to the (Phe, G) determinant of the synthetic polypeptide (Phe, G)-Pro--L, whereas SJL mice respond well to the Pro--L region of this macromolecule (6). In order to determine whether the phenomenon described above is related to the number of antigen-sensitive units detected for both specificities, and whether responses to these determinants can be transferred independently, graded and limiting inocula of spleen cells from SJL, DBA/1, and F(1) donors were injected into X-irradiated, syngeneic, recipient mice with (Phe, G)-Pro--L. By this approach, one antigen-sensitive unit specific for (Phe, G) was detected in 1.7 x 10(6) and 8.5 x 10(6) spleen cells from immunized and nonimmunized DBA/1 donors, respectively. In contrast, one (Phe, G) relevant precursor was detected in 20 x 10(6) SJL spleen cells, irrespective of whether the donors had been immunized. On the other hand, for the Pro--L specificity, one limiting splenic precursor was found in 1.3 x 10(6) and in 3.4 x 10(6) cells for immunized and nonimmunized SJL donors, respectively; whereas one response unit was estimated for this determinant in 9.4 x 10(6) and in 38 x 10(6) spleen cells from immunized and nonimmunized DBA/1 mice. The findings reported here indicate that the phenotypic expression of the genetic control(s) for immune responsiveness to different immunopotent regions of (Phe, G)-Pro--L is directly correlated with the number of immunocompetent response units detected in two inbred mouse strains. In the spleens of immunized F(1) donors, similar frequencies of one limiting precursor in 3.0 x 10(6) and in 2.8 x 10(6) cells were detected for (Phe, G) and Pro--L, respectively. The results of a chi-square test for independence of (Phe, G) and Pro--L responses in F(1) animals is compatible with the hypothesis that the transferred spleen cells limiting the response to (Phe, G)-Pro--L are restricted to generate antibodies specific for only one of the two determinants of this macromolecule.
Impact of cotrimoxazole on non-susceptibility to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa
Authors: L. Pemba, S. Charalambous, A. von Gottberg, B. Magadla, V. Moloi, O. Seabi, A. Wasas, K.P. Klugman, R.E. Chaisson, K. Fielding, G.J. Churchyard, A.D. Grant
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Effectiveness of Salk Vaccine
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A study was made to determine to what extent polioviruses were causing paralytic and nonparalytic poliomyelitis in the Houston area. The two series of patients studied consisted of 126 and 125 patients hospitalized with the clinical diagnoses of paralytic poliomyelitis and aseptic meningitis, respectively. Only 3 of 100 laboratory-confirmed paralytic poliomyelitis patients had received 3 or more Salk vaccine inoculations, whereas 87 were unvaccinated and 10 had received either 1 or 2 vaccine inoculations. From these and other data the authors conclude that poliomyelitis continues to appear in clinical form because vaccine is not administered to susceptible persons.
Hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Authors: R Walden
Journal: BMJ (1991)

after causing neuropathy.9In contrast, patients with leprosy are not being warned about the dangers and sensory electrophysiological testing is not being done, precluding early detection and possible recovery after withdrawal of the drug.It is inexplicable why leprologists cannot carry out a simple clinical examination of the nervous system before administering thalidomide.It is a mistake to assume that nerve damage is already present in erythema nodosum leprosum: in 10 out of 14 patients whom I managed no signs of a polyneuropathy were present, according with the natural course of the disease.'Drug toxicity to the nervous system cannot be excluded now that it is admitted that neuropathy in lepromatous leprosy may mask the effects of thalidomide neuropathy and means also that thalidomide cannot now be claimed to prevent nerve damage.The ulnar mononeuritis sometimes accompanying erythema nodosum leprosum may fail to respond to thalido- mide.9High dose corticosteroids can be avoided in the management of erytheina nodosum leprosum, a condition that is not serious.As amyloidosis occurs in untreated lepromatous leprosy the lack of progression could also have occurred in treated patients without erythema nodosum and cannot be attributable to thalidomide.'°C
Factors associated with joint mobility in an adolescent population.
Authors: A J Silman, S J Day, D O Haskard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Fixed torque devices were used to measure joint mobility at three sites in 364 adolescents including 39 families with at least two siblings. Increasing age and being male were associated with reduced laxity, and a strong effect of family was observed in the 39 sibling sets studies. The population included 47 Asians whose mobility was similar to that of the non-Asians, though the female/male difference was apparently greater in the former group. None of the above conclusions apply to index finger hyperextension, and it is apparent that genetic and constitutional factors only affect mobility at some sites. Such observations could lead to a review of current scoring systems for clinical hypermobility.
TRANSMISSION OF STREPTOMYCIN-RESISTANT TUBERCLE BACILLI IN MAN
Authors: NORMA C. FURTOS
Journal: JAMA (1949)

A new and potentially serious problem of public health has been anticipated in view of the steadily increasing number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in which patients, after treatment with streptomycin, remain sputum positive with the tubercle bacilli Lightly resistant to streptomycin. We have learned by animal experimentation that such resistance is probably permanent and that a tuberculous infection resistant to subsequent streptomycin therapy can be transmitted from one animal to another. Finally, there is growing evidence to indicate not only that streptomycin is ineffective in combating such an infection but that its use may actually accelerate the tuberculous process. The following case report indicates that such transmission of streptomycin-resistant tuberculosis can occur in man. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A woman aged 36, a lieutenant of the Navy Nurse Corps, was admitted to the sick list on June 28, 1947 at the United States Naval Hospital, Corona, Calif. Her known exposure
Intravenous Administration of Furosemide in Heart Failure
Authors: Michael Davidov
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Furosemide was administered intravenously to 41 patients with edema who had become refractory to both thiazides and organomercurials. Repeated doses of 80 to 160 mg completely cleared peripheral edema in all patients and pulmonary congestion (roentgenographically demonstrated) in nine of 12 patients by the fifth day. Fifteen minutes after the injection, there was a 13-fold increase in urinary output and more than a fourfold increase in urinary sodium excretion. The urinary sodiumpotassium excretion ratio during furosemide-induced diuresis was increased more than onefold. Potassium excretion was not increased unless excessive diuresis occurred.
The divergence-homogenization duality in the evolution of the b1 mating type gene of Coprinus cinereus
Authors: H. Badrane, G. May
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The A mating type locus of the fungus Coprinus cinereus is a complex, multigenic locus which regulates compatibility and subsequent sexual development. Genes within the A locus such as the b1 gene studied here exhibit extreme sequence variation. In this work, we asked how b1 alleles have evolved high levels of variation and, at the same time, conserved function. We compared sequence variation in 17 alleles characterized as belonging to seven different compatibility classes. Comparison of sequence variation between representatives of these seven classes shows that different regions of the b1 gene have been subject to varying levels of substitution, recombination, and structural/functional constraints. The N-terminal region of the encoded protein, which has been previously demonstrated to govern self/nonself recognition, exhibited hypervariability with levels of amino acid identity as low as 41%. We used a novel analysis of neutral mutations accumulating in this gene to rule out the possibility that the N-terminal region is hypermutable. In contrast, the C-terminal region displayed heterogeneous levels of variation, with functional motifs being better conserved. In fact, there is a duality in the b1 gene between variability and conservation; recombination events have homogenized the C-terminal region, while recombination events are undetectable in the N-terminal region. The ability to regulate sexual development is maintained in all of the mating compatibility alleles studied, and these data suggest that some functional motifs may tolerate high levels of substitution.
CONTROL OF THE COUGH IN INFLUENZA
Authors: Harry H. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For the past month I have been on epidemic duty with the United States Public Health Service. Most of the cases that I have seen that have developed pneumonia have been complicated with a most rebellious cough. This has been so common in my own experience and with those with whom I have discussed this epidemic that it has occurred to me that this cough might be one of the causative factors of the pneumonia, either by producing trauma in some part of the respiratory mechanism which acts as an infection atrium, or by so lessening the resistance of the patient through loss of sleep, pain and exertion that he readily picks up the pulmonary infection. The cough at first seems to be only irritative, for the patient expectorates but little; usually, however, after coughing almost incessantly for two or three days, he begins to spit up
Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: C. E. Holmes, H. B. Muss
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2003)

As the population of the United States ages, women over the age of 65 have become a prominent cohort in the breast cancer population, with approximately 50% of all new breast cancers occurring in women aged 65 years and older. Early studies in breast cancer often excluded women based on age or comorbidity, leaving physicians and patients with a growing number of diagnostic and treatment options, each of which often carry short-term morbidity risks for potential long-term gain. We review the current data available for diagnosis and treatment of elderly women with breast cancer in both the adjuvant and metastatic disease setting. In addition, the role of screening and new concepts in prevention are discussed with emphasis on the older patient.
Challenges to Medicine
Authors: Victor Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THROUGHOUT the country, many hundreds of medical students are graduating this month, nearly all of them automatically become Army and Navy officers, scheduled to be assigned to duty in the jungles of Burma, the deserts of Africa, the snows of Alaska, the mountains of the Balkans or the interior of Germany or Japan. They, and you, can embark for duty in a far corner of the earth supremely confident in yourselves, and your complete competence to meet every situation.If your medical education has been hastened, remember that the accelerated program has already provided new medical officers for many thousands . . .
Alcohol and Glibenclamide
Authors: E. N. Wardle, G. O. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

staff and a very different atmosphere from the acute wards.My own experience of geriatric long-stay wards, some with a high proportion of demented patients, is that eventually some trained staff are found who derive much satisfaction from their work.They have to learn to organize them more like homes and not to compete with the acute wards.The geriatrician does not have to spend much time in the long-stay units, but he must set the pattern and have control of admission.This difference of view is a minor matter, however, compared with our general agreement on the development of medical services for elderly people and on the great need for doctors to interest themselves in this field-I am, etc.,
Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure.
Authors: Benjamin Spector
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<b>Anatomy: Regional and Applied.</b>By R. J. Last. 3rd ed. 849 pp. $22.50. Little, Brown, 34 Beacon St, Boston 6, 1963 <b>Methods of Dissection.</b>By Nicholas Mizeres and Ernest Gardner. 96 pp. $3.25. W. B. Saunders, 1963 <b>A Synopsis of Surgical Anatomy.</b>By Alexander Lee McGregor. 9th ed. 908 pp. $8. Williams &amp; Wilkins, 428 E Preston St, Baltimore 2, 1963 <i>In Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure</i>, the authors have achieved a nice balance in their presentation of structure and function. Textual and illustrative matter conform accurately to the major purposes of the book, namely, (1) to provide a textbook sufficiently brief for the undergraduate medical and dental student, (2) to provide information on living anatomy, and (3) to supply relevant references for more advanced students. The chapter on radiographic anatomy, with 67 clear-cut radiographs, is excellent. These eminent anatomists, who are motivated by quality rather than quantity,