tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Periodicity During Atrial Fibrillation in the Isolated Sheep Heart
Authors: Allan C. Skanes, Ravi Mandapati, Omer Berenfeld, Jorge M. Davidenko, José Jalife
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The activation patterns that underlie the irregular electrical activity during atrial fibrillation (AF) have traditionally been described as disorganized or random. Recent studies, based predominantly on statistical methods, have provided evidence that AF is spatially organized. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the presence of spatial and temporal periodicity during AF. Methods and Results —We used a combination of high-resolution video imaging, ECG recordings, and spectral analysis to identify sequential wave fronts with temporal periodicity and similar spatial patterns of propagation during 20 episodes of AF in 6 Langendorff-perfused sheep hearts. Spectral analysis of AF demonstrated multiple narrow-band peaks with a single dominant peak in all cases (mean, 9.4±2.6 Hz; cycle length, 112±26 ms). Evidence of spatiotemporal periodicity was found in 12 of 20 optical recordings of the right atrium (RA) and in all (n=19) recordings of the left atrium (LA). The cycle length of spatiotemporal periodic waves correlated with the dominant frequency of their respective optical pseudo-ECGs (LA: R 2 =0.99, slope=0.94 [95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99]; RA: R 2 =0.97, slope=0.92 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.03]). The dominant frequency of the LA pseudo-ECG alone correlated with the global bipolar atrial EG ( R 2 =0.76, slope=0.75 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.99]). In specific examples, sources of periodic activity were seen as rotors in the epicardial sheet or as periodic breakthroughs that most likely represented transmural pectinate muscle reentry. However, in the majority of cases, periodic waves were seen to enter the mapping area from the edge of the field of view. Conclusions —Reentry in anatomically or functionally determined circuits forms the basis of spatiotemporal periodic activity during AF. The cycle length of sources in the LA determines the dominant peak in the frequency spectra in this experimental model of AF.
Catch-up Alveolarization in Ex-Preterm Children. Evidence from <sup>3</sup>He Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Manjith Narayanan, Caroline S. Beardsmore, John Owers-Bradley, Cristian M. Dogaru, Marius Mada, Iain Ball, Ruslan R. Garipov, Claudia E. Kuehni, Ben D. Spycher, Michael Silverman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Histologic data from fatal cases suggest that extreme prematurity results in persisting alveolar damage. However, there is new evidence that human alveolarization might continue throughout childhood and could contribute to alveolar repair.Objectives: To examine whether alveolar damage in extreme-preterm survivors persists into late childhood, we compared alveolar dimensions between schoolchildren born term and preterm, using hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance.Methods: We recruited schoolchildren aged 10–14 years stratified by gestational age at birth (weeks) to four groups: (1) term-born (37–42 wk; n = 61); (2) mild preterm (32–36 wk; n = 21); (3) extreme preterm (<32 wk, not oxygen dependent at 4 wk; n = 19); and (4) extreme preterm with chronic lung disease (<32 wk and oxygen dependent beyond 4 wk; n = 18). We measured lung function using spirometry and plethysmography. Apparent diffusion coefficient, a surrogate for average alveolar dimensions, was measured by helium-3 magnetic resonance.Measurements and Main Results: The two extreme preterm groups had a lower FEV1 (P = 0.017) compared with term-born and mild preterm children. Apparent diffusion coefficient was 0.092 cm2/second (95% confidence interval, 0.089–0.095) in the term group. Corresponding values were 0.096 (0.091–0.101), 0.090 (0085–0.095), and 0.089 (0.083–0.094) in the mild preterm and two extreme preterm groups, respectively, implying comparable alveolar dimensions across all groups. Results did not change after controlling for anthropometric variables and potential confounders.Conclusions: Alveolar size at school age was similar in survivors of extreme prematurity and term-born children. Because extreme preterm birth is associated with deranged alveolar structure in infancy, the most likely explanation for our finding is catch-up alveolarization.
Hepatitis C Virus and Intravenous Immune Globulin
Authors: James W. Mosley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Bresee et al 1 reported an epidemic of HCV infection among immunodeficient persons treated with Gammagard intravenous immune globulin (IGIV). The aggregate of 23 cases in 1 clinic was convincingly attributed to 9 or more lots. Related cases are known elsewhere in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Spain. Investigators of the Boston, Mass, aspect of the epidemic concluded that the introduction of more sensitive donor screening for the antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) resulted in increased amounts of uncomplexed virus entering the IGIV fraction. 2 However, other factors may have been equally or more important for this product.  The HCV cases in 1983 associated with Gammagard from a pilot plant 3 provoked only a brief postmarketing surveillance study, interpreted as showing safety. The subsequent absence of reported cases until 1994 associated with any US Gammagard IGIV preparation does not mean that none occurred.
Philip Henry Sutton
Authors: N A. Green, G. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Philip Henry Sutton was born in Canton, China, where his father was a silk merchant. After schooling at Gresham’s, he entered King’s College, London, for his preclinical training and gained a BSc in physiology. Although joint prize winner in the third year, he failed to get a house appointment at the Westminster and went to the Radcliffe Infirmary.

In October 1940 he witnessed London “burning” in the distance. He entered the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR) and …
Scleral buckling surgery for active stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Brad J Hinz, Eugene de Juan, Michael X Repka
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Objective To examine the effectiveness of scleral buckling surgery for active stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity. Design Retrospective noncomparative case series. Participants Eight eyes of seven infants were examined. All except one had previous peripheral ablation (cryotherapy-laser) but retinal detachment was actively progressing. Intervention Scleral buckling surgery was performed by one surgeon. Main outcome measures Anatomic retinal status and visual acuity outcome after average follow-up of 23 months were measured. Results Six (75%) of eight eyes had a complete retinal reattachment (± macular ectopia) after a single buckling procedure. Two eyes progressed to stage 4B despite scleral buckling but after closed limbal vitrectomy with lensectomy and membrane peeling, the retinas were reattached. Conclusions Scleral buckling for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity is an effective means of preventing further progression of retinal detachment. The authors believe that the effect of the buckle not only relieves vitreoretinal traction but also plays a role in preventing ischemia in the detached retina that alters the natural progression of the disease.
Health of London during the Six Months terminating September 28, 1850
Authors: J. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1850)

OF MEDICINE, induces me again to resume the subject.In doing so, I gratefully acknowledge the favourable notice which medical writers, and others, have taken of my former papers; and, as the ficts then collected, and my commentaries, were considered valuable, I here follow the method formerly adopted.I also believe with practical physicians, that medical science and practice, and sanitay improvements, are greatly promoted by the accumula- tion of evidenee, on a large scale, respecting the diseases and mortality of so immense a population as that of London.Deductions drawn from the innumerable data contained in the Registrar-General's important Reports, have become of very great value to the philanthropist and the physician, from the more accurate knowledge which they impart of the fatality of certain diseases in particular localities, and during different seasons.Few subjects, in my opinion, are more instructive than the investigation of questions connected with public health, of the causes of disease, and especially of the means best adapted for their prevention and cure.It ought to be kept constantly in view, that to point out the etence of gm evil, is often not only the first but the greatest step towards its removal or alleviation.I will now proceed to offer some remarks on the State of Health noticed amongst the metropolitan population during the six months, ter- minating on the 28th of September in the present year; thereby furnishing a continuation of the reports which I have already published.And it affords me much satisfaction at once to state, that the lte summer and autumn have been unusally healthy, even if compred with ordinar seasons, but particularly so, when contrasted with the year immediately volt II.
Internship: Preparation or Hazing?
Authors: Norman Cousins
Journal: JAMA (1981)

For the past two years, I have been privileged to visit medical schools and hospitals in various parts of the country. I have been able to meet with medical students and physicians at various stages in their training and their careers. The weakest link in the entire chain of physician training, it seems to me, is the ordeal known as the internship. More specifically, I refer to the theory that it is necessary to put medical school graduates through a human meat grinder before they can qualify as fullfledged physicians. Putting it more delicately, the theory holds that anyone who wants to go into the medical profession must be given a rigorous and systematic exposure to the realities of the physician's life. How does the internship prepare the physician for the "realities?" What if the "preparation" has the effect of dulling the sensitivities of the physician, or fostering feelings of
TOOTH-PLATE REMOVED FROM THE RIGHT BRONCHUS BY INFERIOR BRONCHOSCOPY
Authors: E. B. Waggett, E. L. Fyffe
Journal: BMJ (1924)

tcBum 145 material of the egg or the blood serum of the mother into growth-promoting substances.These substances are also found in extracts of leucocytes and of adult tissues such as thyroid, brain, kidney, etc.They are called trephones because they are used by certain cells as food material.They differ from the hormones that stimuilate cells to activity without possessing any nutritive property.Both trephones and hormones may be required for the growth of tissues.Epithelial and connective tissue cells that do not obtain from blood serum the material necessary for the synthesis of protoplasm demand for that purpose the trephones con- tained in embryonic tissues, lymphocytes, and other cells.Leucocytic trephones undoubtedly have an important func- tion in physiological and pathological processes.We found that extracts of leucocytes contain growth-activating sub- stances, and that serum obtained from cultures of leucocytes promotes cell multiplication.Leucocytes secrete in vitro and in vivo substances that determine the multiplication of fibroblasts.Since lymphocytes are capable of multiplying in serum, they probably synthesize growth-activating sub- stances from certain constituents of serum.They can be considered as mobile unicellular glands which bring to con- niective and epithelial cells the principles necessary for the synthesis of protoplasm.This function of the lymphocytes was clearly understood by Renaut.More thaln thirty years ago he wrcte that lymph cells
Prescription of neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza
Authors: D. Madeley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Mr Da Silva and colleagues' sensible paper on prescribing neuroaminidase inhibitors for influenza in general practice (February 2003 JRSM1) attempts to put their use into a realistic context—i.e. those presenting within 36 hours of onset. Their results are nonetheless based on soft data. A considerable proportion of ‘influenza-like illnesses’ in patients of all ages are not due to influenza viruses (as Da Silva et al. acknowledge) and this proportion is liable to increase both when ‘flu’ is reported in the media as being present and when patients and doctors become aware that a cure may be available.

Hence, it will be very difficult to assess whether such drugs are genuinely useful in general practice unless one or more studies are done in which a diagnostic virus laboratory is used to confirm the cause in each case. Given the considerable practical difficulties of doing this, a well-prepared prospective study is necessary. In its absence, there is a danger of overprescribing; and, just as bad, overuse will discredit a useful group of drugs. It would be in the interest of the manufacturer(s) to sponsor such a study, as well as a search for a reliable and fast (< 1 hour) test.
Comparison of Efficacy At Steady State of Levocetrizine, Fexofenadine and Desloratadine On Aeroallergen-Induced Wheal and Flare Responses in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Krittapoom Akrawinthawong, Pavarat Saengaram, Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Kiat Ruxrungtham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Chemotherapy for Child with Positive Tuberculin Reaction-Reply
Authors: Robert B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Weiss recommends a dose of isoniazid that has been proved to lower the incidence of extrapulmonary complications of primary tuberculosis in children by approximately 80% (U. S. Public Health Service Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Trial: Prophylactic Effects of Isoniazid on Primary Tuberculosis in Children,<i>Amer Rev Tuberc Pulmon Dis</i><b>76:</b>942-963 [Dec.] 1957). The pulmonary complications of primary tuberculosis were not materially reduced. I am interested in the remaining 20% who will develop meningitis, pleurisy with effusion, miliary spread, and involvement of the skeleton. It has been shown that some children (and adults) are rapid deactivators of isoniazid. A, series of children is being studied who have had isoniazid dosage tailored to their ability to deactivate the drug. I firmly believe the results will be superior to any yet reported. In the interim I am not satisfied with an 80% reduction of serious complications in children with primary tuberculosis.
Preventive Medicine and Health Insurance
Authors: Allen G. Brailey
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In his excellent article, A Positive Strategy for the Nation's Health, Lester Breslow, MD, MPH (242:2093, 1979), observes: While many excellent physicians provide such services to their patients, the usual present methods of payment for medical services do not favor prevention. In fact, they often preclude it. That statement applies to governmental medical care, to plans sponsored by physicians and hospitals, and to private insurance. He concludes, in part, that a positive strategy for the nation's health should include arrangements for medical service and methods of payment that favor prevention and health maintenance.  I believe that Americans will be better motivated to adopt healthful habits when private health insurance rates are structured according to health risk factors, so that the fewer risk behaviors (smoking and overeating) a person has, the lower will be his health insurance premium. This has been done effectively with life insurance for nonsmokers
Feasibility of Meckel??s Scan After RBC Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study Using In???Vitro Labeling Technique
Authors: C GERRY KWOK, ROBERT J. LULL, CHI-KWAN YEN, AILEEN D. LIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors report a successful Meckel's scan performed 26 hours after a labeled RBC study using a commercial in-vitro labeling kit, UltraTag® (Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St. Louis, MO). No abnormal alteration of Tc-99m distribution was observed as would be seen if an in-vivo RBC labeling technique was used. This case demonstrates that it is feasible to perform an in-vitro labeled RBC study for acute gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatric patients and to follow-up with a Meckel's scan if it is necessary for diagnostic confirmation.
Vpx is required for dissemination and pathogenesis of SIVSM PBj: Evidence of macrophage-dependent viral amplification
Authors: V.M. Hirsch, M.E. Sharkey, C.R. Brown, B. Brichacek, S. Goldstein, J. Wakefield, R. Byrum, W.R. Elkins, B.H. Hahn, J.D. Lifson, M. Stevenson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
THE SOURCE OF MODERN MEDICINE*
Authors: ANDREW MACPHAIL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 July 1933THE SOURCE OF MODERN MEDICINEAn Address to the American College of PhysiciansANDREW MACPHAILANDREW MACPHAILSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-1-120 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGentlemen: I must trouble you with a date, 1685, the year in which Charles II died. That reign marks the watershed between the medieval and the modern world; between the mass and the individual; between authority and experience; between books and experiment. From that summit the spring of modern medicine burst forth.It was in reality a new world. The Royal Society had been founded; the circulation of the blood had been proved; the Cartesian method had been disclosed; the universal law of gravity and the laws of planetary motion had just been announced. Logarithms, electricity, magnetism, chemistry were words... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ANDREW MACPHAILAffiliations: Montreal,*Read before the American College of Physicians, Montreal, Canada, February 8, 1933. From McGill University, Montreal, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1933Volume 7, Issue 1Page: 120-130KeywordsBlood ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum, Vinblastine, and Bleomycin Combination Chemotherapy in Disseminated Testicular Cancer
Authors: Lawrence H. Einhorn, John Donohue
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Fifty patients with disseminated testicular cancer were treated with a three-drug combination consisting of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin. Three patients were considered inevaluable due to early death. This chemotherapy regimen produced 74% complete and 26% partial remissions. Furthermore, five patients with partial remission became disease-free after surgical removal of residual disease, producing an overall 85% disease-free status. Toxicity, although significant during remission induction with cis-platinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin, was usually manageable, although there were two drug-related deaths during this period. Thirty-eight of these patients remain alive and 32 remain alive and disease-free at 6 + to 30 + months. We believe this regimen represents a major advance in the management of patients with disseminated testicular cancer.
Endoglin, a TGF-β binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1
Authors: K.A. McAllister, K.M. Grogg, D.W. Johnson, C.J. Gallione, M.A. Baldwin, C.E. Jackson, E.A. Helmbold, D.S. Markel, W.C. McKinnon, J. Murrel, M.K. McCormick, M.A. Pericak-Vance, P. Heutink, B.A. Oostra, T. Haitjema, C.J.J. Westerman, M.E. Porteous, A.E. Guttmacher, M. Letarte, D.A. Marchuk
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
ERCP with the overtube-assisted enteroscopy technique: a systematic review
Authors: Matthew Skinner, Daniel Popa, Helmut Neumann, C. Wilcox, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aim: </b>Overtube-assisted enteroscopy (OAE) techniques have increased the ability to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of OAE-ERCP in patients with different configurations of upper gastrointestinal anatomy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A systematic review was performed following a literature search for papers published between 1966 and August 2013. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane library, and Scopus. The following end points were analyzed: diagnostic and therapeutic success rates, cannulation success rate, ERCP success rate, type of enteroscopy, types of intervention, complications. <b>Results:</b> A total of 23 relevant reports on OAE procedures, including single-balloon, double-balloon, and spiral enteroscopy, were analyzed. Studies included a total of 945 procedures in 679 patients (age 2 – 91 years) who had a variety of postsurgical upper gastrointestinal anatomical configurations. Among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y with gastric bypass, endoscopic success was 80 % and ERCP success was 70 %. In patients who had undergone a Roux-en-Y with either a pancreaticoduodenectomy, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, or hepaticojejunostomy, endoscopic success was 85 % and ERCP success was 76 %. In patients who had undergone a Billroth II procedure, endoscopic success was 96 % and ERCP success was 90 %. In patients with native papilla who underwent successful endoscopy, cannulation was successful in 90 % of patients compared with 92 % in patients with an anastomosis. Overall ERCP success for all attempts was approximately 74 %. Interventions included sphincterotomy, pre-cut papillotomy, anastomotic stricturoplasty, stone removal, stent insertion, stent replacement, and balloon dilation of stenotic anastomosis. There were 32 major complications among the 945 procedures (3.4 %). <b>Conclusion:</b> Both endoscopic and ERCP success rates were highest in patients with Billroth II anatomy, followed by those with pancreaticoduodenectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy; the lowest success rates were in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Cannulation rates appeared to be equivalent in patients with both native papilla and biliary-enteric or pancreaticoenteric anastomoses. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of balloon-assisted ERCP were high and the adverse event rate was low.
Children need your help
Authors: J. Forsyth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The <i>BMJ</i> has chosen Save the Children as its 2010 Christmas charity. This year we would like to raise at least £30 000. The money you donate will support child survival projects in countries such as Sudan, Sierra Leone, and India. &nbsp;Save the Children’s chief executive, <b>Justin Forsyth</b>, explains more