tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician Response to Computer Reminders
Authors: Clement J. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A computerized medical record system was designed to detect and remind the responsible clinician about clinical events that might need corrective action. These reminders significantly increased the clinician response rate (in terms of test orders and treatment changes) to the events in question. The addition of relevant medical literature citations to the reminders did not significantly change the clinician response rate as compared with that with reminders alone, nor did it stimulate the physicians to read any of the cited articles kept in an immediately available "library" of reprints.
Behaviour Response and Ageing
Authors: W. H. Oldendorf
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Background</h3> Since its inception in 2011, ACP has steadily gained traction among healthcare providers in rapidly ageing Singapore. Efforts to implement ACP, beginning with public hospitals, are spearheaded by a National ACP Steering Committee, in collaboration with service providers and government agencies. However public awareness remains low. This poster examines the key thrusts, outcomes, and challenges in assimilating ACP in our system of care. <h3>Aim</h3> To share Singapore9s experience in implementing ACP nationally, with considerations such as its diverse cultural and ethnic composition, family structures that tend to place familial harmony over autonomy, and lack of communication on end of life matters. <h3>Methods</h3> ACP is implemented along 3 thrusts: (i) Increasing ACP awareness among healthcare professionals, community and religious leaders, and the public; (ii) Training more ACP facilitators in health and social care organisations to assist with ACP conversations; and (iii) Building and strengthening systems to support ACP implementation, including a national ACP IT system. <h3>Results</h3> Over 450 facilitators have been trained. Pilots are on-going in five public hospitals, in departments such as Palliative Medicine, Cardiology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine. <h3>Discussion</h3> With plans to improve health and social support for aged persons in the community, greater emphasis must be placed on developing ACP services among providers of intermediate and long-term care. Community engagement, media advocacy and publicity also need to be in place to raise awareness and normalise conversations in care planning. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In tandem with the growth of ACP at acute and community settings, greater engagement and empowerment of providers and the public must also happen.
Accuracy of mini peak flow meters in indicating changes in lung function in children with asthma
Authors: P D Sly, P Cahill, K Willet, P Burton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess whether mini flow meters used to measure peak expiratory flow can track changes in lung function and indicate clinically important changes. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of measurements with a spirometer and different brands of mini flow meter;the meters were allocated to subjects haphazardly. <b>Subjects</b>: 12 boys with asthma aged 11 to 17 attending boarding school. Main outcome measures - Peak expiratory flow measured twice daily for three months with a spirometer and at least one of four brands of mini flow meter. <b>Results</b>: The relation between changes in lung function measured with the spirometer and those measured with the mini flow meters was generally poor. In all, 26 episodes (range 1-3 in an individual child) of clinically important deterioration in lung function were detected from the records obtained with the spirometer. ONe mini flow meter detected six of 19 episodes, one detected six of 15, one detected six of 18, and one detected three of 21. <b>Conclusions</b>: Not only are the absolute values of peak expiratory flow obtained with mini flow meters inaccurate but the clinical message may also be incorrect. These findings do not imply that home monitoring of peak expiratory flow has no place in the management of childhood asthma but that the values obtained should be interpreted cautiously.
Antibacterial mechanisms of the lower respiratory tract. I. Immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion.
Authors: W L Hand, J R Cantey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion have been studied in the rabbit lower respiratory tract, both in the normal state and after infection with Diplococcus pneumoniae or Listeria monocytogenes. In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin and specific antibody was assessed by incorporation of 14C-labeled amino acids into protein. Lower respiratory tract secretions and serum were analyzed for immunoglobulin and antibody against the infecting organism. Normal respiratory tract produced small quantities of immunoglobulin, most of which was IgG. After bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract, there was a marked increase in local synthesis of immunoglobulin, especially IgG. Specific antibody of IgG class was produced in all lungs infected with listeria by the 11th day, and in lungs infected with pneumococcus by the 8th day. Secretions from all normal and infected lower respiratory tracts contained IgA and IgG. The IgA to IgG ratios in secretions of normal animals, and animals infected with listeria or pneumococcus, were 2.3, 2.5, and 2.6, respectively. Sera of animals infected with L. monocytogenes contained specific antibody of IgG class but lacked IgA antibody, whereas secretions had both IgA and IgG class antibody against listeria. Similarly, sera of animals infected with D. pneumoniae had IgG class antibody but no IgA antibody, whereas only IgA antibody was found in secretions. The evidence that locally synthesized immunoglobulin (especially IgA), including specific antibody, is secreted into the lower respiratory tract lumen is discussed. Further definition of the role of "local" antibacterial antibody in the respiratory tract is of considerable importance.
Health Care Reform in Perspective
Authors: Arnold M Epstein, Henry J Aaron, Katherine Baicker, Jacob S Hacker, Mark V Pauly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

President Barack Obama has placed U.S. health care reform at the top of his domestic agenda, and months of legislative work on the issue have resulted in five bills — three in the House of Representatives and two in the Senate — that proponents believe will move the country in the direction of universal coverage, a fairer insurance system, and slower escalation of health care costs. On September 25, in a symposium cosponsored by the Journal and the Harvard School of Public Health, four health policy experts — Henry Aaron, Katherine Baicker, Jacob Hacker, and Mark Pauly — explored the . . .
Abnormalities of flavin monooxygenase as an etiology for sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Matthew Barber, Marcel E. Conrad, Jay N. Umbreit, James C. Barton, Elizabeth G. Moore
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We postulated that a deficiency of flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-a ferrireductase component of cells-could produce sideroblastic anemia.FMO is an intracellular ferrireductase which may be responsible for the obligatory reduction of ferric to ferrous iron so that reduced iron can be incorporated into heme by ferrochelatase.Abnormalities of this mechanism could result in accumulation of excess ferric iron in mitochondria of erythroid cells to produce ringed sideroblasts and impair hemoglobin synthesis.To investigate this hypothesis we obtained blood from patients with sideroblastic anemia and normal subjects.Extracts of peripheral blood lymphocytes were used to measure ferrireduction by utilization of NADPH.Lymphoid precursors are reported to accumulate iron in mitochondria similarly to erythroid precursors.Utilization of lymphoid precursors avoided the need for bone marrow aspirations.We studied three patients with sideroblastic anemia.One patient and his asymptomatic daughter had a significant decrease in ferrireductase activity.They also had markedly diminished concentrations of FMO in lymphocyte protein extracts on Western blots.This was accompanied by increased concentration of mobilferrin in the extracts.These results suggest that abnormalities of FMO and mobilferrin may cause sideroblastic anemia and erythropoietic hemochromatosis in some patients.Am.
Abstract 5202: Yin Yang 1 is a target of miR-34 family and contributes to gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: An-Ming Wang, Tzu-Ting Huang, Kai-Wen Hsu, Chin-Wen Chi, Tien-Shun Yeh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multi-functional protein and plays either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in tumor development and progression. Herein, we investigated the role of YY1 in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells. Results showed that the forced expression of YY1 contributed to gastric carcinogenesis of SC-M1 cells. Whereas, the knockdown of endogenous YY1 suppressed tumorigenesis of SC-M1 cells. Additionally, the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of YY1 mRNA was the target of microRNA-34 (miR-34) family consisting of miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c. The ectopic expression of miR-34 family down-regulated YY1 levels in gastric cancer cells. Endogenous YY1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-34b and miR-34c levels in gastric cancer cells. The overexpression of miR-34 family suppressed gastric carcinogenesis through down-regulation of YY1 in gastric cancer cells. Alternatively, the knockdown of endogenous miR-34 family promoted gastric carcinogenesis via up-regulation of YY1 in gastric cancer cells. The miR-34 family also regulated the xenografted tumor growth and lung metastasis of SC-M1 cells through YY1 in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-34 family-YY1 axis plays an important role in the control of gastric carcinogenesis. Citation Format: An-Ming Wang, Tzu-Ting Huang, Kai-Wen Hsu, Chin-Wen Chi, Tien-Shun Yeh. Yin Yang 1 is a target of miR-34 family and contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5202. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5202
Failure to Thrive of Cerebral Etiology
Authors: Gail E. Solomon, Donald J. Frank, Arnold P. Gold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

"FAILURE to thrive" may be the presenting complaint of an intracranial neoplasm. Classically, in this condition, an astrocytoma in the region of the third ventricle may appear with the symptoms of the "diencephalic syndrome."1 , 2 It is characterized by intermittent vomiting, progressive emaciation, pallor without anemia, euphoria, alertness and hyperactivity. Optic atrophy with associated nystagmus occurs later. Brain tumors in areas other than the third ventricle have rarely been documented2 , 3 as causes of "failure to thrive." The present report is intended to alert the physician to the possibility that tumors of the posterior fossa may produce this symptom complex.Case Report . . .
Variability in Physician Bioethical Decision-Making
Authors: ROBERT A. PEARLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A patient management problem was developed to assess differences in case information processing and variability in physicians' decisions to withhold supportive therapy. An interview was done to assess physicians' values and elicit reasons for their decisions. Two hundred and five residents, attending physicians, and community practitioners in internal medicine and family medicine were interviewed. Internal medicine residents were most inclined to allow the patient to die, private practitioners to provide respirator support. Residents and attending physicians gave higher value to, and sought significantly more, socioeconomic information about the patient than did private practitioners, and also estimated a shorter life expectancy for the patient. "End-stage disease" and "poor quality of life" were common explanations for withholding respirator support. Physicians' decisions to intubate were attributed to the perceived "acute reversible" nature of the medical problem.
Reviews and Notes
Authors: D. Peter Drotman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 January 1994Reviews and NotesD. Peter Drotman, MD, MPHD. Peter Drotman, MD, MPHCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Against the Odds: The Story of AIDS Drug Development, Politics and ProfitsPeter S. Arno and Karyn L. Feiden. 314 pages. New York: HarperCollins; 1992. $23.00.The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has produced many changes in medicine as well as in society. Developments as diverse as safer sexual practices, universal precautions for infection control, and the cost of health insurance may come to mind first, but many other aspects of our social and medical lives have already been influenced by the AIDS virus and the epidemic it has spawned. AIDS has also changed the way we develop, approve, and market ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 94KeywordsAIDSDrugsHealth insuranceInsulinPatient advocacyPenicillinResearch fundingSchizophreniaScientistsToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bradykinin restores left ventricular function, sarcomeric protein phosphorylation, and e/nNOS levels in dogs with Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jin Bo Su, Olivier Cazorla, Stéphane Blot, Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton, Younss Ait Mou, Inès Barthélémy, Lucien Sambin, Carolina Carlos Sampedrano, Vassiliki Gouni, Yves Unterfinger, Pablo Aguilar, Jean-Laurent Thibaud, Alain Bizé, Jean-Louis Pouchelon, Hubert Dabiré, Bijan Ghaleh, Alain Berdeaux, Valérie Chetboul, Alain Lacampagne, Luc Hittinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Cardiomyopathy is a lethal result of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but its characteristics remain elusive. The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs produce DMD pathology and mirror DMD patient's symptoms, including cardiomyopathy. We previously showed that bradykinin slows the development of pacing-induced heart failure. Therefore, the goals of this research were to characterize dystrophin-deficiency cardiomyopathy and to examine cardiac effects of bradykinin in GRMD dogs. At baseline, adult GRMD dogs had reduced fractional shortening (28 ± 2 vs. 38 ± 2% in control dogs, P < 0.001) and left ventricular (LV) subendocardial dysfunction leading to impaired endo-epicardial gradient of radial systolic velocity (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 3.8 ± 0.2 cm/s in control dogs, P < 0.001) measured by echocardiography. These changes were normalized by bradykinin infusion (1 µg/min, 4 weeks). In isolated permeabilized LV subendocardial cells of GRMD dogs, tension–calcium relationships were shifted downward and force-generating capacity and transmural gradient of myofilament length-dependent activation were impaired compared with control dogs. Concomitantly, phosphorylation of sarcomeric regulatory proteins and levels of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (e/nNOS) in LV myocardium were significantly altered in GRMD dogs. All these abnormalities were normalized in bradykinin-treated GRMD dogs. Cardiomyopathy in GRMD dogs is characterized by profound LV subendocardial dysfunction, abnormal sarcomeric protein phosphorylation, and impaired e/nNOS, which can be normalized by bradykinin treatment. These data provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms accounting for DMD cardiomyopathy and open new therapeutic perspectives.
Donor fatigue is slashing access to AIDS care in Africa, warns charity
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Growing donor fatigue towards funding HIV/AIDS risks undermining years of positive achievements and will cause many more unnecessary deaths, says a report by the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres.

On the basis of detailed analyses made in eight sub-Saharan countries, the report illustrates how major international funding institutions such as the US president’s emergency plan for AIDS relief, the World Bank, UNITAID, and donors to the Global Fund have decided to cap, reduce or withdraw their spending on HIV treatment and antiretroviral drugs over the past 18 months.

The charity says the findings “confirm our concerns in terms of donor backtracking on commitments to scale …
Pattern of breathing during exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease.
Authors: J G Burdon, K J Killian, N L Jones
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The responses to exercise were studied in 41 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, in whom vital capacity (VC) was reduced to 62% of predicted normal values. Maximum power output (POmax) was 53% predicted; there was a significant relationship between POmax and VC (r = 0.564). The maximum ventilation achieved during exercise was also related to VC (r = 0.614). Although arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) fell by more than 5% in 13 of 31 patients, there was no relationship between either SaO2 at POmax or the exercise related fall in SaO2 and POmax. Heart rate responses were higher than normal predicted values in seven patients, all of whom showed a low POmax (36% predicted); this finding was due only in part to a fall in SaO2. The ventilatory response to exercise was within normal limits for the patients as a whole; those subjects with the lowest POmax showed relatively higher ventilatory responses to exercise but the difference was not significant. The pattern and timing of breathing was studied in 32 patients and compared with control subjects matched by sex, age, and size. Tidal volume (VT) was low in the patients; maximum VT was related to VC (r = 0.761), but at low values of VC VTmax was higher than in healthy subjects with comparable VC. The total breathing cycle time (Ttot) fell with progressive exercise in patients and controls; Ttot for a given ventilation was shorter in the patients. Inspiratory time (Ti) was shorter in patients than controls, as was Ti/Ttot. In most patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis exercise is limited by a reduced ventilatory capacity, despite the adoption of a short Ti and high inspiratory flow rate, both of which serve to optimise tidal volume and breathing frequency and presumably reduce both the force developed by inspiratory muscles and the sensation of breathlessness.
Evaluation of the Methylation Status of Tumour Suppressor Genes for Predicting Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Response in Patients With T1G3 High-Risk Bladder Tumours
Authors: Miriam Agundez, Laura Grau, Joan Palou, Ferrán Algaba, Humberto Villavicencio, Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
Journal: European Urology (2011)
RAPID IMPROVEMENT IN SLEEP APNOEA OF ACROMEGALY AFTER SHORT-TERM TREATMENT WITH SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE SMS 201-995
Authors: Philippe Chanson, José Timsit, Odile Benoit, Béatrice Augendre, Michel Moulonguet, Pierre-Jean Guillausseau, André Warnet, J. Lubetzki
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Endoprosthesis and Local Irradiation in the Treatment of Biliary Malignancies
Authors: M. Classen, F. Hagenmüller
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Endoscopic biliary drainage by means of a bilio-nasal tube or stent (bilioduodenal endoprosthesis) provides an intermediate or long-term "bridge" for the interrupted bile flow. Insertion procedures are successful in 80-90% of the cases. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage serves as an alternative or complementary procedure to the endoscopic approach. Virtually every patient can be treated in this way when surgery is contraindicated or impossible. Endoscopic stenting is equally effective in relieving jaundice, but has a lower mortality rate and is associated with a shorter hospital stay than biliary surgery. Patients with tumorous obstruction of the liver hilum live significantly less long than those with cancerous occlusion of the hepatocholedochal duct. In the case of bile duct cancer, non-surgical drainage procedures can be combined with endoscopic or transhepatic irradiation employing 192-iridium for intraluminal irradiation; further studies are, however, needed. Endoscopy of the biliary tract (cholangioscopy) is available via the papilla of Vater and through the liver, and may in the future expand our diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of malignant biliary disorders.
Sex Experts and Medical Scientists Join Forces Against a Common Foe: AIDS
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

NEW STRATEGIES for controlling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were sought at the first national conference to focus the efforts of sexual behavior experts as well as medical scientists on the pandemic disease. A four-day symposium, "AIDS and Sex: An Integrated Biomedical and Biobehavioral Approach," held in Bloomington, Ind, was cosponsored by the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Nearly 100 researchers and clinicians, including several from other countries, reported results of studies, described ongoing programs, and suggested future action. In an atmosphere heavy with a sense of mission but balanced by the ebullient oversight of cochair June M. Reinisch, PhD, professor of psychology at Indiana University and director of the Kinsey Institute, the participants shared perspectives and joined in spirited discussions aimed at reaching solutions to a problem that,
Circulation in the Extremities
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The demonstration of vasomotor innervation in the last century indicated that the vessels of the extremities might play a role in general circulatory phenomena. But it was only in this century that classical physiologists generally began to consider that such a role might be significant. Major credit for work in this field must go to clinical or applied physiologists, either with a primary interest in central pathology, such as Sir Thomas Lewis, or to the numerous internists and surgeons whose major concern is with peripheral vascular disease. Dr. Abramson is of this latter group. In presenting this monograph, as in an earlier similar work (<i>Vascular Responses in the Extremities of Man in Health and Disease</i>, University of Chicago Press, 1944), he helps pay back the debt of the specialist to the general physiologist. The concern of this presentation is mainly how the vessels of the extremities participate in general physiologic
Reply to Alexander Springer and Ramnath Subramaniam’s Letter to the Editor re: Serdar Tekgül, Hubertus Riedmiller, Piet Hoebeke, et al. EAU Guidelines on Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children. Eur Urol 2012;62:534–42
Authors: Serdar Tekgül
Journal: European Urology (2012)