tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selenium supplementation and cancer rates
Authors: V. Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Clark and colleagues 1 informed us that while, compared with a placebo, selenium supplements reduced overall cancer morbidity and mortality, they did not reduce all-cause morbidity and mortality. This indicates that selenium increased morbidity and mortality from diseases other than cancer. So that we can adequately inform our patients, Clark et al should tell us what those other diseases are and by how much their morbidity and mortality were increased by the selenium supplements. Patients susceptible to those other diseases may be as much harmed by taking selenium supplements as those susceptible to certain cancers may be helped.
Early-Life Wheezing and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention
Authors: Robert F. Lemanske
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Wheezing illnesses in preschool children have perplexed clinicians for decades in terms of their differential diagnosis, short-term and long-term treatment, and prognosis with regard to the subsequent development of asthma. Although wheezing illnesses have been described in more than 50% of preschool children, many eventually “outgrow” this problem.1 A major concern with using wheezing to define an illness is the subjectivity involved in assessing this symptom in terms of caregiver recognition, agreement between parental and physician assessment, and recognition of the degree of severity that portends subsequent administration of systemic glucocorticoids or hospitalization.2 Nonetheless, because more objective pulmonary-function studies are . . .
The Francois Rabelais School of Medicine
Authors: J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Christmas issue contains three people's description of their ideal medical school.

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The Rabelais School will produce graduates who are as comfortable in the shit as they are in the stars—and understand that the pathology they observe in humanity is equally present in themselves

This medical school takes Francois Rabelais ( c 1494-1553), Franciscan monk, Bachelor of Medicine, and humanist, as its muse. Although his inspirational work Gargantua and Pantagruel celebrates his abilities as a satirist and misogynist, his role as an educationalist has been overlooked. “He was a man intoxicated by every sort of learning and theory,” according to one translator, “who, at the same time, had the earthy common sense of a peasant.”1 In an increasingly divided world, with medicine increasingly preoccupied by technical elitism, Rabelais stands as a cogent model.

The Rabelais School follows the “mischievous rascal” tendency of scientific humanism, through Voltaire (“The art of medicine consists in amusing the patient while nature cures the …
Establishment of a standardized multiplex assay with the analytical performance required for quantitative measurement of BCR–ABL1 on the international reporting scale
Authors: J T Brown, W Laosinchai-Wolf, J B Hedges, C D Watt, V M Van Deerlin, L Fletcher, S Branford, E Labourier
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Accurate and standardized methods for the quantitative measurement of BCR–ABL1 are a prerequisite for monitoring of treatment response in t(9;22)-positive leukemia. Here, we describe a novel multiplex assay system based on the proven TaqMan and Armored RNA technologies and optimized for sensitive detection of three BCR–ABL1 fusion transcripts and ABL1 in a single reaction. Analytical experiments confirmed the absence of significant competition between the simultaneous amplification reactions and established the sensitivity, linearity and precision of the assay. Comparative studies with 115 clinical specimens resulted in high qualitative and quantitative agreement with independent singleplex laboratory-developed tests routinely used in clinical testing. Direct comparison with a reference laboratory calibrated to the international scale (IS) demonstrated minimal analytical bias between methods and an overall accuracy and precision within the performance range required for quantitative measurement of BCR–ABL1 on the IS. We conclude that detection of e1a2, b2a2, b3a2 and ABL1 can be achieved in a multiplex assay format compatible with IS reporting. Further clinical validation of the assay could improve the operational efficiency of clinical laboratories, increase their adherence to current recommendations for b2a2/b3a2 reporting on the IS and provide for the first time an opportunity to standardize e1a2-monitoring results.
<i>ABCA3</i> Mutations Associated with Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Janine E. Bullard, Susan E. Wert, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Michael Dean, Lawrence M. Nogee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

ABCA3 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of proteins that mediate the translocation of a wide variety of substrates, including lipids, across cellular membranes. Mutations in the gene encoding ABCA3 were recently identified in full-term neonates with fatal surfactant deficiency.To test the hypothesis that ABCA3 mutations are not always associated with fatal neonatal lung disease but are a cause of pediatric interstitial lung disease.DNA samples were obtained from 195 children with chronic lung disease of unknown etiology. The 30 coding exons of the ABCA3 gene were sequenced in four unrelated children with a referring diagnosis of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and who were older than 10 years at the time of enrollment.Three of four patients (ages 16, 23, and 11 years) with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis had ABCA3 mutations identified on both alleles. All three had the same missense mutation (E292V) and a second unique mutation. The E292V mutation was not found on 200 control alleles from adults without lung disease, but seven additional patients of the remaining study patients had the E292V mutation on one allele. Immunohistochemical analysis of surfactant protein expression in three patients revealed a specific staining pattern for surfactant protein-B, which was the same pattern observed in several infants with fatal lung disease due to ABCA3 mutations.ABCA3 mutations cause some types of interstitial lung disease in pediatric patients.
Poor Progress in Breast Cancer Control in the Elderly in the UK.
Authors: H. Moeller, A. Moran
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background:In 1998 England introduced a national cancer target, to reduce cancer mortality in the under 75 year olds from 1996 to 2010 by 20%. This might potentially lead to inequalities between younger and elderly cancer patients. In this study we assessed progress in breast cancer control in the elderly in the UK by comparing cancer mortality rates in the elderly with younger age groups in the UK and by comparing the elderly in the UK with other similar countries.Material and Methods:Mortality data for the UK, USA, Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway) and Western Europe (Germany, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Austria, France Switzerland) was obtained from the WHO mortality database. Age specific cancer mortality rates for the age bands 55-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85 plus were calculated for the different geographies for the three year periods 1995-97 and 2003-05. Change in the differences between the age bands was assessed as the ratio between the youngest age group 55-64, which was set to 1, and the older age groups. The number of excess deaths in the UK was calculated by applying the lowest rate observed in each age band to the UK population, assuming that the UK could achieve the same rate.Results:Compared to other countries the UK had the highest breast cancer mortality rates in all age bands in 1995-07 and 2003-05 and rates were statistically significantly higher in 2003-05 at the 95% Confidence interval limit. In the younger age groups (55-64 and 65-74) the UK had the biggest decrease from 1995-97 to 2003-05 and is decreasing the gap to the other countries. In contrast the UK was the only geography with an increase in mortality rates in the over 85 year olds and only ranked second after the USA in the 75 to 84 year olds. If the UK had the same mortality rates as the lowest observed in each age band 681 breast cancer deaths could be prevented in the 55 to 74 year olds and 1590 in the over 75 year olds each year. The UK also had the greatest increase in the ratio between the 55-64 year olds and 85plus year olds, with and increase of a 100% from 3.5 to 4.5 from 1995-97 to 2003-05. The USA had the lowest rates in each age group.Conclusion:Little progress has been made in decreasing breast cancer mortality rates in the elderly in the UK. The gap in breast cancer mortality in the elderly compared to the younger age groups as well as the other countries is increasing. The gap with other countries will be closed only if there is a marked decrease in death rates in the over 75s. Future analysis should also look at the causes of higher mortality in the UK, taking the USA as the gold standard. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2059.
Pegylated interferon alfa-2B (PEG-intron) mono-therapy is superior to interferon alfa-2B (intron A) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: C. Trepo, K. Lindsay, C. Niederau, M. Shiffman, S. Gordon, J. Hoefs, E. Schiff, P. Marcellin, B. Bacon, J. Fang, J. Garaud, J. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Consultants' distinction awards need overhauling, Scottish government says
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Scottish government is calling for a complete review of the distinction awards system for consultants, a longstanding financial arrangement designed to reward excellence that can double a hospital consultant’s salary.

The Scottish health secretary, Nicola Sturgeon, has written to the UK prime minister, Gordon Brown, and the health secretaries of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, seeking support for a “fairer system” that rewards the contribution of a wider range of healthcare practitioners.

She is also calling on the Doctors’ and Dentists’ Review Body, which sets the pay for doctors and …
THE OCULAR EXPRESSION OF INTRANASAL LESIONS.
Authors: ROBERT SATTLER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Ocular symptoms are not uncommon attendants of focal suppuration of the nasal cavities. Although admittedly more frequent, it is by no means established that such local suppuration starts invariably in one or several of the pneumatic accessories of the nose. Focal suppuration may also begin, in a smaller number of cases, in the mucosa without implication of the sinus cavities, especially in the inferior, anterior portion of the middle meatus and even of the septum nasi. It is also certain that various ocular symptoms which attend so many intranasal lesions—because they are so frequently and commonly met with—are looked upon as transitory and uncertain reflex phenomena, and are regarded of little diagnostic importance. For this reason they do not receive the attention they deserve, and are often peremptorily disposed of as not worthy of much consideration. Nevertheless, telling evidence that a better knowledge of the interdependence of the symptoms of
Deposition of pressurised aerosols in the human respiratory tract.
Authors: S P Newman, D Pavia, F Moren, N F Sheahan, S W Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Although the use of pressurised aerosol inhalers is widespread, little is known about the actual deposition of the aerosol in the respiratory tract, since this has previously been difficult to measure. We have incorporated Teflon particles (mean diameter 2 micrometer) with aerodynamic properties similar to those of bronchodilator drug crystals into pressurised aerosol canisters. Controlled inhalations by eight patients with obstructive airways disease showed that on average 8.8% of the dose was deposited in the lungs (3.0% in the alveoli and 5.8% on the conducting airways) and 80% in the mouth. These figures are in good agreement with previous indirect estimates of deposition based on metabolic studies. The remainder of the dose was either expired (1.0%) or deposited in the aerosol actuator (9.8%). This method should have wide application for measurement of deposition patterns under various conditions and for assessment of therapeutic effects.
Rickettsial-Pox in Boston
Authors: Joseph Franklin, Edward Wasserman, Henry S. Fuller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

UNTIL the appearance in 1950 of reports1 , 2 of rickettsial-pox in Boston, naturally occurring human cases of the disease had been recognized only in the metropolitan area of New York City. The Boston cases represented in one instance a laboratory infection and in the other a case acquired by natural means in the patient's usual environment. The present report concerns the second naturally occurring case of rickettsial-pox diagnosed in Massachusetts.Case ReportA 46-year-old housewife was admitted to the Boston City Hospital on August 26, 1950, complaining of severe headache and fever of three days' duration. She had apparently been in . . .
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Monk by the Sea&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quantitative Sacroiliac Scintigraphy The Effect of Method of Selection of Region of Interest
Authors: MARK C. DAVIS, DAVID A. TURNER, JOHN R. CHARTERS, HARVEY E. GOLDEN, AMJAD ALI, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Various authors have advocated quantitative methods of evaluating bone scintigrams to detect sacroiliitis, while others have not found them useful. Many explanations for this disagreement have been offered, including differences in the method of case selection, ethnicity, gender, and previous drug therapy. It would appear that one of the most important impediments to consistent results is the variability of selecting sacroiliac joint and reference regions of interest (ROIs). The effect of ROI selection would seem particularly important because of the normal variability of radioactivity within the reference regions that have been used (sacrum, spine, iliac wing) and the inhomogeneity of activity in the SI joints. We have investigated the effect of ROI selection, using five different methods representative of, though not necessarily identical to, those found in the literature. Each method produced unique mean indices that were different for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and controls. The method of Ayres (19) proved superior (largest mean difference, smallest variance), but none worked well as a diagnostic tool because of substantial overlap of the distributions of indices of patient and control groups. We conclude that ROI selection is important in determining results, and quantitative scintigraphic methods in general are not effective tools for diagnosing AS. Among the possible factors limiting success, difficulty in selecting a stable reference area seems of particular importance.
EPICARDIAL FAT TISSUE: A POTENTIAL ROLE IN AORTIC STENOSIS PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Valentina Parisi, Vittoria D’Esposito, Federica Passaretti, Aurelio Caruso, Tommaso Lonobile, Gabriella Grimaldi, Francesco Baldascini, Grazia Daniela Femminella, Gennaro Pagano, Pietro Formisano, Dario Leosco, Nicola Ferrara, Giuseppe Rengo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Does Air Pollution Trigger Infant Mortality in Western Europe? A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Hans Scheers, Samuel M. Mwalili, Christel Faes, Frans Fierens, Benoit Nemery, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Numerous studies show associations between fine particulate air pollutants [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀)] and mortality in adults.We investigated short-term effects of elevated PM₁₀ levels on infant mortality in Flanders, Belgium, and studied whether the European Union (EU) limit value protects infants from the air pollution trigger.In a case-crossover analysis, we estimated the risk of dying from nontraumatic causes before 1 year of age in relation to outdoor PM₁₀ concentrations on the day of death. We matched control days on temperature to exclude confounding by variations in daily temperature.During the study period (1998-2006), PM₁₀ concentration averaged 31.9 ± 13.8 μg/m³. In the entire study population (n = 2,382), the risk of death increased by 4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0-8%; p = 0.045] for a 10-μg/m³ increase in daily mean PM₁₀. However, this association was significant only for late neonates (2-4 weeks of age; n = 372), in whom the risk of death increased by 11% (95% CI, 1-22%; p = 0.028) per 10-μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀. In this age class, infants were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.18-2.58; p = 0.006) times more likely to die on days with a mean PM₁₀ above the EU limit value of 50 μg/m3 than on days below this cutoff.Even in an affluent region in Western Europe, where infant mortality is low, days with higher PM air pollution are associated with an increased risk of infant mortality. Assuming causality, the current EU limit value for PM₁₀, which may be exceeded on 35 days/year, does not prevent PM₁₀ from triggering mortality in late neonates.
Effect of bronchial allergen challenge on <i>in vitro</i> cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic patients
Authors: C. Abbal, L. Persi, J. Bousquet, H. Yssel, J. Pène
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background During the pollen season, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic patients produce increased levels of Th2 cytokines after stimulation with allergen in vitro . We have studied the effect of a single bronchial provocation test (BPT) of allergic patients to determine whether allergen challenge in vivo modulates cytokine production by PBMC, after subsequent stimulation with the same allergen in vitro . Methods Twelve atopic asthmatic patients were challenged with the relevant allergen, and their PBMC, isolated before (TO) or 6 (T6) or 24 h (T24) after BPT, respectively, were cultured for 120 h in the presence or absence of the same allergen, after which cytokine production was measured by ELISA. Results Allergen‐specific activation of the PBMC at TO resulted in interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13 production, but not in detectable levels of interferon‐gamma and IL‐4. BPT did not induce the secretion of the latter cytokines. However, IL‐5 and lL‐13 production was significantly decreased at T24, as compared to TO. No statistically significant differences were found between the production of IL‐10 before and after BPT. Conclusions In contrast to the effects of natural challenge with allergen, a decrease in the production of some Th2 cytokines by peripheral blood T cells was observed 24 h after BPT, suggesting a concomitant decrease in the frequency of allergen‐specific T cells in the circulation.
301 MUC3 and MUC5B in gallbladder epithelium are the prominent mucin associated with gallstone diseases
Authors: J. Lee, Y.A. Suh, N.Y. Roh, H.J. Jang, C.S. Eun, J.H. Kim, M.S. Lee, H.S. Choi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Equations for Measuring Blood Flow by External Monitoring of Radioisotopes
Authors: KENNETH L. ZIERLER
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

It is possible by external monitoring alone to measure blood flow per unit volume through any vascular bed accessible to external monitoring of the radioactive tracer if the tracer input function or if the quantity of tracer entering the system is known. The methods proposed exploit the fact that the mean transit time through the system is the flow per unit volume of distribution of tracer. The equations are free of assumptions that require solutions as exponentials or any other specified frequency function of transit times. If the input function is known, measurement of the concentration of tracer in blood leaving the part sensed by the external detector, combined with external detection of radioactivity, can lead to measurement of absolute blood flow.
Efficacy of fixed minidose warfarin prophylaxis in total hip replacement.
Authors: M J Fordyce, A S Baker, G E Staddon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether a small fixed perioperative dose of warfarin would prevent deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. DESIGN--Prospective, randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial. SETTING--Winford Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol. SUBJECTS--148 patients having primary total hip replacement. INTERVENTION--Warfarin 1 mg given daily for one week before and three weeks after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Deep vein thrombosis diagnosed by the iodine-125 labelled fibrinogen uptake method. RESULTS--Deep vein thrombosis occurred in 25 (34%) of the patients given warfarin and 19 (26%) of the controls (difference 8%; 95% confidence interval -6.8% to 22.8%). CONCLUSION--Fixed minidose warfarin does not prevent deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement.
Effects of a Multidisciplinary Stress Treatment Programme on Patient Return to Work Rate and Symptom Reduction: Results from a Randomised, Wait-List Controlled Trial
Authors: Bo Netterstrøm, Lene Friebel, Yun Ladegaard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary stress treatment programme. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; General practitioners referred 198 employed patients on sick leave with symptoms of persistent work-related stress. Using a waitlisted randomised controlled trial design, the participants were randomly divided into the following three groups: the intervention group (IG, 69 participants); treatment-as-usual control group (TAUCG, 71 participants), which received 12 consultations with a psychologist, and the waitlisted control group (WLCG, 58 participants). The stress treatment intervention consisted of nine 1-hour sessions conducted over 3 months. The goals of the sessions were the following: (1) identifying relevant stressors; (2) changing the participant's coping strategies; (3) adjusting the participant's workload and tasks, and (4) improving workplace dialogue. Each participant also attended a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course for 2 h a week over 8 weeks. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The IG and TAUCG showed significantly greater symptom level (Symptom Check List 92) reductions compared to the WLCG. Regarding the return to work (RTW) rate, 67% of participants in the IG returned to full-time work after treatment, which was a significantly higher rate than in the TAUCG (36%) and WLCG (24%). Significantly more participants in the IG (97%) increased their working hours during treatment compared with the participants in the control groups, TAUCG (71%) and WLCG (64%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The stress treatment programme - a combination of work place-focused psychotherapy and MBSR - significantly reduced stress symptom levels and increased RTW rates compared with the WLCG and TAUCG.