tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experts call for NICE to resume work on sex education halted by the coalition government
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Sex education in schools is outdated, providing teenagers with too little information too late, leading to many engaging in risky behaviour and a high rate of teenage pregnancies, sexual health experts have warned.

They have called on the government to allow the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to resume development of guidance that would modernise sex education programmes so that they encompass the role of sex in a loving relationship as well as the biology of sex and the risks associated with it.

NICE was asked to develop guidance on “personal, social, health, and economic education, focusing on sex and relationships and alcohol education” in 2007 by the then Labour government. However, development of the guidance, which was due to be published in final form in 2011, was halted by the coalition government after the publication of a draft in 2010.1

The draft said that sex education classes should begin in primary school, with pupils starting to learn about friendships and respecting others. “Factually accurate, unbiased, and non-judgmental” classes tailored to each age group should continue from then on, covering sex, relationships, and alcohol to help youngsters understand the risks and consequences of their actions and resist peer pressure.

Last week, in a reply to …
Sexual selection does not provide an adequate theory of sex differences in aggression
Authors: Alice H. Eagly, Wendy Wood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Our social role/biosocial theory provides a more adequate account of aggression sex differences than does Archer's sexual selection theory. In our theory, these sex differences arise flexibly from sociocultural and ecological forces in interaction with humans' biology, as defined by female and male physical attributes and reproductive activities. Our comments elaborate our theory's explanations for the varied phenomena that Archer presents.
Exposing the Evil in the Dark
Authors: Yen-Kung Chen, Chia-Hung Kao, Shung-Shung Sun, Ji-An Liang, Chih-Hsiu Wang, Yu-Chin Wu, Yu-Yi Lin, Kuo-Yang Yen, Te-Chun Hsieh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 50-year-old man had an osteosarcoma in the skull base after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Residual malignancy in the skull base was still suspected 6 months after the anticancer therapy. An FDG PET/CT was performed and a special abnormal finding in the prior skull base lesion site was noted. The abnormality was not found in the early phase scan but appeared in the delayed phase scan. The subsequent biopsy of the abnormality confirmed the presence of residual malignancy.
Continuing medical education and training for associate specialists: results of a survey in Yorkshire
Authors: R. Macdonald, M. A Khan, C. Singleton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The associate specialist grade was introduced in 1981 to replace the former medical assistant grade. Each appointment is made on a personal basis and is governed by strict procedures.1 In the light of educational initiatives for trainee doctors and reductions in their hours of work,2 we assessed the provision of continuing medical education for associate specialists in Yorkshire.

All 112 associate specialists working in the former Yorkshire region were sent a confidential structured questionnaire. Seventy two (64.3%) were returned, but as 10 of the specialists were new appointees only 62 (55%) were analysed. Of the 62 doctors 46 were men, 40 had a fellowship or membership, and 27 had been appointed since 1991.

The results are summarised in the …
Development and characterization of desmoglein-3 specific T cells from patients with pemphigus vulgaris.
Authors: M S Lin, S J Swartz, A Lopez, X Ding, M A Fernandez-Vina, P Stastny, J A Fairley, L A Diaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a cutaneous autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation in the suprabasilar layers of skin and mucosae and anti-desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) autoantibodies bound to the surface of lesional keratinocytes and circulating in the serum of patients. This disease can be reproduced in neonatal mice by passive transfer of patients' IgG, indicating that humoral immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PV. Currently, the role of T lymphocytes in the development of PV is not clear. Here, we report that three immunoreactive segments of the ectodomain of Dsg3 specifically induced proliferation of T cells from PV patients. We found that T lymphocytes from 13 out of 14 patients responded to at least one of three Dsg3 peptides. T cells from controls and other patient groups did not respond to these Dsg3 peptides. The major T cell population stimulated by these Dsg3 peptides was CD4 positive. Dsg3-specific T cell lines and clones were developed and were shown to express a CD4 positive memory T cell phenotype. Upon stimulation, these cell lines and clones secreted a Th2-like cytokine profile. The Dsg3 responses of these T cells were restricted to HLA-DR, and not -DQ and -DP, of the major histocompatibility complex. This information will help to elucidate the cellular immune abnormalities leading to production of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies in patients with PV.
Mechanisms of tachycardia on standing: studies in normal individuals and in chronic Chagas' heart patients
Authors: J A M. NETO, L GALLO, J C MANCO, A RASSI, D S AMORIM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The reflex tachycardia induced by change from the supine position to a 70° head-up tilt was studied in conscious normal individuals and in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease, known to constitute a model of parasympathetic denervation of the sinus node, in the absence of cardiac failure. Chagas' patients showed markedly decreased heart rate responses during the initial 10 s following tilt to upright posture. A similar response was obtained in normals after parasympathetic blockade with atropine. β-adrenergic blockade failed to produce a significant effect on the initial heart rate response of normals, but heart rate increment, at 1 and 5 min of tilt, was significantly reduced in normals and abolished in patients. These results indicate a biphasic mode of tachycardia elicited by the upright posture: initially it depends on parasympathetic withdrawal, sympathetic stimulation becoming the predominant mechanism when stabilisation is attained in the orthostatic position.
How Expensive Is Unlimited Mental Health Care Coverage Under Managed Care?
Authors: Roland Sturm
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To study costs, access, and intensity of mental health care under managed care carve-out plans with generous coverage; compare with assumptions used in policy debates; and simulate the consequences of removing coverage limits for mental health care as required by the Mental Health Parity Act.Claims data from 1995 and 1996 for 24 managed care carve-out plans; all plans offered unlimited mental health coverage with minimal co-payments.Probability of care, intensity of care, and total costs broken down by service type and type of enrollee.Assumptions used in last year's policy debate overstate actual managed care costs by a factor of 4 to 8. In the plans studied, costs are lower owing to reduced hospitalization rates, a relative shift to outpatient care, and reduced payments per service. However, access to mental health specialty care increased (7.0% of enrollees) compared with the preceding fee-for-service plans (6.5%) or free care in the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (5.0%). Removing an annual limit of $25000 for mental health care, which is the average among plans currently imposing limits, will increase insurance payments only by about $1 per enrollee per year. Children are the main beneficiaries of expanded benefits.Concerns about costs have stifled many health system reform proposals. However, policy decisions were often based on incorrect assumptions and outdated data that led to dramatic overestimates. For mental health care, the cost consequences of improved coverage under managed care, which by now accounts for most private insurance, are relatively minor.
Potential Stages for Prostate Cancer Prevention with Selenium: Implications for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Nicole Facompre, Karam El-Bayoumy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The lack of treatment for “worried well” patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia combined with issues of recurrence and hormone resistance in prostate cancer survivors remains a major public health obstacle. The long latency of prostate cancer development provides an ample opportunity to intervene with mechanistically based chemopreventive agents at various stages of disease progression. Our rationale for selenium intervention is based on current mechanistic knowledge derived solely from preclinical investigations. Clearly, there is sufficient scientific support for its entry into current clinical trials, the outcome of which will be highly valuable in assessing whether selenium can be recommended for cancer survivors. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2699–703]
Sirolimus, tacrolimus, and low-dose methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in mismatched related donor or unrelated donor transplantation
Authors: Joseph H. Antin, Haesook T. Kim, Corey Cutler, Vincent T. Ho, Stephanie J. Lee, David B. Miklos, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Catherine J. Wu, Edwin P. Alyea, Robert J. Soiffer
Journal: Blood (2003)
Ketoconazole and Resistant Blastocystis hominis Infection
Authors: ARNOLD N. COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Ketoconazole and Resistant Blastocystis hominis InfectionARNOLD N. COHEN, M.D.ARNOLD N. COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-480_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Vannatta and colleagues (1) recently reported the case of a patient with recurrent diarrhea caused by Blastocystis hominis. They recommended several drugs for treatment, including emetine, metronidazole, furazolidone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, iodochlorhydroxyquin, and pentamidine. I report the case of a woman with multiple drug allergies and treatment failures who responded to ketoconazole therapy.A 76-year-old white woman developed diarrhea in October 1983, after a trip to China and the Mediterranean.Giardia lambliawas found in stool, and she was treated with metronidazole, 750 mg/d for 10 days, with resolution of diarrhea. Within 2 weeks of cessation of treatment, diarrhea...References1. VANNATTAADAMSONMILLICAN JDK. Blastocystis hominis infection presenting as recurrent diarrhea. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:495-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ZIERDT C. Blastocystis hominis, a protozoan parasite and intestinal pathogen of human beings. Clin Microbiol Newsl. 1983;5:57-9. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Spokane Gastroenterology Clinic, P.S. Spokane, WA 99204 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRomancing Blastocystis: A 20-Year AffairEradication of Blastocystis Carriage With Antimicrobials: Reality or Delusion?Blastocystis : commensal ou pathogène ? Étude de 590 cas et revue de la littératureA Comparison of Lactulose Breath Hydrogen Measurements with Gut Fermentation Profiles in Patients with Fungal‐type DysbiosisA Comparison of Lactulose Breath Hydrogen Measurements with Gut Fermentation Profiles in Patients with Fungal-type DysbiosisBlastocystis hominis revisitedBlastocystis hominis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related DiarrheaBlastocystis hominis Infection and Intestinal InjuryResistance to the nitroheterocyclic drugsEvidence of an epidemic of Blastocystis hominis infections in preschool children in northern JordanBlastocystis in Humans and Animals: Morphology, Biology, and EpizootiologyEpidemiology and clinical significance of Blastocystis hominis in different population groups in Salamanca (Spain)Blastocystis hominisSelective staphylococcal brothDiarrhee febrile et Blastocystis hominisAssociation of Blastocystis hominis with human diseaseEpidemiology and clinical features associated with Blastocystis hominis infection 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 480-481KeywordsAllergy and immunologyDiarrheaDrug therapyDrugsGiardia lamblia Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
INHIBITION OF A T-CELL-DEPENDENT IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO BY THYMOMA CELL IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Authors: John W. Stocker, John J. Marchalonis, Alan W. Harris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Concentrated medium obtained from cultures of a continuous thymus-derived mouse lymphoma cell line (WEHI-22.1) was found to inhibit a T-cell-dependent (antidonkey red blood cell), but not a T-cell-independent (anti-DNP) immune response in vitro. Passage of such a concentrate through an anti-mouse Ig immunoadsorbent column removed its inhibitory activity. It is suggested that the tumor cell Ig can compete with specific normal T-cell Ig in its collaborative function in immune responses. A similar mechanism may account for anergy associated with some human lymphoid neoplasms.
Vanin-1 expression and methylation discriminate pediatric asthma corticosteroid treatment response
Authors: Chang Xiao, Jocelyn M Biagini Myers, Hong Ji, Kelly Metz, Lisa J Martin, Mark Lindsey, Hua He, Racheal Powers, Ashley Ulm, Brandy Ruff, Mark B Ericksen, Hari K Somineni, Jeffrey Simmons, Richard T Strait, Carolyn M Kercsmar, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Byron H. Waksman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The recent awareness of medical practitioners concerning the role of immunologic mechanisms in disease has rendered the development and availability of relevant new technics important. In particular, the last decade has seen the creation of several new methods for studying cell-mediated immunity (CMI), the mechanism implicated in chronic intracellular infections such as tuberculosis, in contact allergy and allergic granulomatous responses, in the rejection of solid, vascularized tissue allografts and tumors, and in certain forms of autoimmunity.1 , 2 The research of the last several years has shown that CMI is a function of the thymus-dependent system of lymphocytes.Apparent hypofunction of the . . .
Differences in serum microRNA profiles in hepatitis B and C virus infection
Authors: Sakura Akamatsu, C. Nelson Hayes, Masataka Tsuge, Daiki Miki, Rie Akiyama, Hiromi Abe, Hidenori Ochi, Nobuhiko Hiraga, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Hiroshi Aikata, Tomokazu Kawaoka, Yoshiiku Kawakami, Waka Ohishi, Kazuaki Chayama
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Resveratrol prevents development of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a mouse model
Authors: S.‐W. Kim, D. W. Kim, R. Khalmuratova, J. H. Kim, M. H. Jung, D.‐Y. Chang, E.‐C. Shin, H.‐K. Lee, H.‐W. Shin, C.‐S. Rhee, S.‐Y. Jeon, Y.‐G. Min
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Since the recent establishment of a murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ( CRS w NP ), both the development of new drugs for treatment or prevention of eosinophilic CRS w NP and elucidation of their pathogenesis have been feasible. We investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on CRS w NP and its mechanism of action using a murine model. Methods After induction of eosinophilic CRS w NP , the therapeutic effects of resveratrol were tested and compared with those of triamcinolone acetonide. Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin for overall inflammation, Sirius red for eosinophils, and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen. The expression levels of the interleukin ( IL )‐4, IL ‐5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C 4 synthase genes were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR . Cyclooxygense‐2 and 5‐lipoxygense levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Results The degree of eosinophilic infiltration and subepithelial fibrosis was significantly decreased by administration of high‐dose resveratrol, the potency of which was similar to that of triamcinolone acetonide. The expression levels of the IL ‐4, IL ‐5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C 4 synthase genes were significantly decreased by administration of low‐ or high‐dose resveratrol. The production of 5‐lipoxygenase was strongly inhibited by high‐dose resveratrol. Conclusions Resveratrol may be useful for the prevention of eosinophilic CRS w NP . A key mechanism of its action is believed to be its anti‐inflammatory effect, particularly on eosinophils, by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway.
Topical tacrolimus may be effective in the treatment of oral and perineal Crohn's disease
Authors: D H Casson
Journal: Gut (2000)

Crohn's disease of the mouth or perineum is more common in young people, and notably resistant to treatment. However, there is increasing evidence that topical therapy with tacrolimus (FK506) may be effective in skin diseases resistant to cyclosporin because of its high uptake in inflamed skin and subsequent reduction in keratinocyte chemokine production.Tacrolimus ointment was made up inhouse from the intravenous or oral formulation and suspended in appropriate vehicles for perioral or perianal administration at an initial concentration of 0.5 mg/g. This was administered open label to eight children (aged 5-18 years) with treatment resistant oral (three patients) and/or ulcerating perineal (six patients) Crohn's disease.Marked improvement was seen in 7/8 patients within six weeks and healing within 1-6 months. One child with gross perineal and colonic disease showed little response. Two of the responders showed rebound worsening when tacrolimus was stopped or the dosage reduced rapidly, and one of these eventually required proctectomy. Slower weaning of drug concentration has been successful in 6/8 patients, with four receiving intermittent treatment and two on regular reduced dosage (0.1-0.3 mg/g) with follow up times of six months to 3.5 years. Serum concentrations of tacrolimus were undetectable in all patients.Topical tacrolimus at low concentrations (0.5 mg/g) shows promise in the management of childhood perineal and oral Crohn's disease, with no evidence of significant systemic absorption. However, rapid weaning or abrupt cessation of therapy may cause rebound worsening of disease. Further controlled studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment.
Targeted Correction of a Defective Selectable Marker Gene in Human Epithelial Cells by Small DNA Fragments
Authors: Alessia Colosimo, Kaarin K. Goncz, Giuseppe Novelli, Bruno Dallapiccola, Dieter C. Gruenert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

A novel gene targeting strategy, small fragment homologous replacement (SFHR), has been used to correct specific genomic lesions in human epithelial cells. The frequency of targeting was estimated to be 1–10%. However, given the genomic target, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, it is difficult to accurately quantify targeting frequency. As an alternative to targeting CFTR, targeted correction of a mutant selectable marker or reporter gene would be more amenable to accurate and rapid quantification of gene targeting efficiency. The present study evaluates the conditions that modulate SFHR-mediated correction of a defective Zeocin antibiotic resistance (Zeor) gene that has been inactivated by a 4-bp insertion. The conditions include delivery systems, plasmid-to-fragment ratio, fragment length, and fragment strandedness (single- or double-stranded DNA). Targeting fragments comprise the wild-type Zeor gene sequence and were either 410 (Zeo1) or 458 bp (Zeo3). Expression vectors containing the corrected Zeor gene were isolated as episomal plasmids or were allowed to stably integrate into cultured human airway epithelial cells. Correction of the Zeor gene was phenotypically defined as restoration of resistance to Zeocin in either bacteria or epithelial cell clones. Extrachromosomal gene correction was assayed using polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction enzyme digestion, DNA sequencing, and Southern blot hybridization analysis of DNA from isolated prokaryotic and eukaryotic clones. Neither random sequence alteration in the target episomal gene nor random integration of the small fragments was detected. Targeted correction efficiencies of up to 4% were attained. These studies provide insight into parameters that can be modulated for the optimization of SFHR-mediated targeting.
In situ lobular carcinoma. A prospective follow-up study indicating cumulative patient risks
Authors: R. W. McDivitt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In situ lobular carcinoma is a preinvasive form of breast cancer which if inadequately treated will frequently progress to infiltrative cancer. A follow-up study of 50 patients with in situ lobular carcinoma, treated in most instances by local excision, reveals the following subsequent cumulative risk of infiltration: 8% after five years, 15% after ten years, 27% after 15 years, and 35% after 20 years. After 23 years, the cumulative risk is thought to exceed 50%. In addition, the cumulative risk of cancer developing in the breasts contralateral to those in which in situ lobular carcinoma was found was 10% after ten years, 15% after 15 years, and 25% after 20 years. The cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer after 22 years appears to exceed 30%.
Monoclonal antibody MAC 387 recognizes a myelomonocytic antigen shared by epithelial cells in inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: N. KIRKHAM, S.J. PEACOCK, D.B. JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The monoclonal antibody MAC 387 recognizes an antigen expressed by human macrophages and granulocytes. Normal epidermis does not react with the antibody, but the inflamed epidermis may react. In this immunocytochemical study we have investigated the intracytoplasmic expression of the MAC 387 antigen in biopsies of a variety of skin disorders. In lichen planus the basal cells were usually negative, whilst suprabasal cells were positive. In the majority of other inflammatory dermatoses studied, there was positive staining of basal and suprabasal cells. A parallel frozen- and paraffin-section study of biopsies of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and inflammatory conditions failed to demonstrate HLA Class II expression in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Expression of the MAC 387 antigen in the epidermis is directly associated with cell-mediated activity in the papillary dermis, but is not related to HLA Class II expression.
Subclavian vein catheterization in critically ill children: Analysis of 322 cannulations
Authors: J. Casado-Flores, A. Valdivielso-Serna, L. Pérez-Jurado, J. Pozo-Román, M. Monleón-Luque, J. García-Pérez, A. Ruiz-Beltran, M. A. García-Teresa
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1991)