tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF INTRACARDIAC AND INTRAVASCULAR TEMPERATURES WITH RECTAL TEMPERATURES IN MAN 12
Authors: Ludwig W. Eichna, Adolph R. Berger, Bertha Rader, William H. Becker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

A study of intracardiac and intravascular temperatures was undertaken with the thought that such measurements might provide further information concerning the mechanisms which normally maintain body temperature within its narrow limits and also that they might help to explain the deviations from normal temperature in certain disease states. Whereas the temperature of the peripheral tissues may vary widely, homeothermic man maintains the temperature of the deep tissues, or of a critical deep tissue, fairly constant under widely varying conditions of heat loss and heat gain (2). The identity of the critical deep tissue is not completely understood but a considerable body of evidence places it in the diencephalon and in normal man small variations in its temperature are thought to initiate compensating mechanisms which return the temperature of the body to the homeothermic norm. Generally, rectal temperature has been considered to indicate deep tissue, and critical tissue, temperatures but often rectal temperature appears to be a lagging and unsatisfactory index; witness the onset, when the body is heated, of such compensating mechanisms as peripheral vasodilatation and sweating before a rise in rectal temperature has occurred; and conversely, in subjects who are cooled, the presence of vasoconstriction and pilomotor activity before a fall in rectal temperature has taken place. It seemed desirable, therefore, to look for some other index of critical deep tissue temperature. Considerations of the mixing of blood in the left ventricle, probably in proportion to the volume flow and temperature of the blood from all organs,
Vietnam Veterans Risk for Fathering Children With Birth Defects
Authors: T. D. Sterling
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  It is important to differentiate clearly between (1) the incidence of birth defects among the children of Vietnam veterans and (2) the incidence of birth defects among the children of Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange. The results of the recent study in JAMA by Erickson et al 1 on American Vietnam veterans and the earlier study on Australian Vietnam veterans 2 strongly indicate that service in Vietnam is not a risk factor for birth defects. This is not by itself surprising. There are no strong a priori reasons to expect an increase in risk for all 2.6 million Vietnam veterans.  The question of importance, which has caused considerable scientific controversy and several major legal battles, is whether veterans actually exposed to Agent Orange while in Vietnam have experienced an increased risk of birth defects among their children. The Australian study did not address this
Abstract 2421: Smoking, cancer treatment, and design of clinical trials.
Authors: Graham W. Warren, James R. Marshall, K. Michael Cummings
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Smoking has been associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients, but a detailed review of the effects of smoking on cancer treatment outcomes is necessary to effectively implement structured tobacco assessments and cessation into clinical trials design. Methods: We searched Pubmed citations between 1950 and 2011 with the objective of identifying any reports relating smoking with cancer and non-cancer related outcomes in cancer patients. Our search yielded 34,000 pertinent citations of on smoking and cancer. Over 5000 of these citations appeared to include data on smoking as it might be related to cancer treatment outcomes and of these more than 800 were felt to have sufficient information to examine how smoking affects cancer treatment outcomes. Results were cataloged in tables and cross-references according to cancer disease site. Results: The vast majority of pertinent reports provide evidence showing that smoking increases the risk of cancer and non-cancer related mortality as well as treatment related adverse events. The adverse effects of smoking and treatment outcomes are observed in all major cancer disease sites (lung, head/neck, breast, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, leukemia/lymphoma, prostate, and non-prostate genitourinary). A limited number of studies examine how smoking cessation affects treatment outcomes and generally these studies show that cessation of tobacco use is associated with fewer adverse treatment outcomes. Measurement of smoking behavior is a problem due to the reliance on self-reported behavior and lack of standardization in classifying smoking status. In most studies a patients’ cigarette use is categorized into ever smoking or current/former/never smoking; however, there is a broad diversity of definitions used making it less clear exactly how smoking affects treatment outcomes. Despite methodologic issues in published reports, results demonstrate a consistent pattern that smoking increases the risk of adverse outcomes across a broad spectrum of cancer disease sites. Conclusions: This review provides evidence that smoking adversely affects cancer related and non-cancer related outcomes in patients. What is less certain is how past and/or current smoking might differentially modify treatment outcomes for patients. Clinical trials must give strong consideration for prior tobacco history, current tobacco use, and efforts to track tobacco cessation during and following cancer treatment. Citation Format: Graham W. Warren, James R. Marshall, K. Michael Cummings. Smoking, cancer treatment, and design of clinical trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2421
S125 Pro-Fibrotic Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Exposure on Primary Human Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts
Authors: A Beverly, TD Tetley, AJ Thorley
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are hollow fibre-like nanomaterials which are being investigated for use in drug delivery and as biosensors. However, due to their structural similarity to asbestos fibres, inhaled MWCNTs may elicit similar adverse health effects such as fibrosis and mesothelioma. Animal studies have suggested that this may be possible, however there is currently limited human data. We hypothesised that the pro-fibrotic potential of MWCNTs would be determined by their physicochemical properties i.e length and concentration of impurities. We exposed primary human alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells and pulmonary fibroblasts to 30nm diameter CNTs of increasing length (0.2–2µm, 3–5µm and 10–30µm) and increasing purity (49%, 69% and &gt;97%) for up to 96 hours. Oxidative stress, TGFβ release, soluble collagen release, and cell proliferation were measured in fibroblasts and release of VEGF, MCP-1, TGFβ and surfactant proteins (SP) A and D were measured in ATII cells. MWCNTs induced oxidative stress in fibroblasts within 4h and a significant dose-dependent cell proliferation after 96h (P&lt;0.05) that was not affected by MWCNT length or purity. Furthermore, there was a significant, dose-dependent, 4–7-fold increase in release of collagen, exceeding what could be accounted for by proliferation alone (P&lt;0.05). There was a trend towards shorter and less pure CNTs inducing greater collagen release (P&lt;0.1). Release of VEGF and MCP-1 from ATII cells was not induced by CNTs. However, TGFβ, SP-A and SP-D were released by ATII cells and were found bound to MWCNTs. More SP-A bound to the 0.6–2µm MWCNTs compared to the longer MWCNTs; the converse was true for SP-D. In addition the &gt;97% pure MWCNTs bound more surfactant protein than the lower purity MWCNTs. Significantly more TGFβ was bound to the 10–30µm MWCNTs compared to shorter MWCNTs. Our results demonstrate that MWCNTs can induce pro-fibrotic responses in primary human fibroblasts. Furthermore, our unique discovery of binding of TGFβ and surfactant proteins to MWCNTS suggests that this could exacerbate the fibrotic response if MWCNTs translocate across the epithelial barrier, due to the “Trojan horse” effect of MWCNTs delivering these mediators to the interstitium.
More than associations: An ideomotor perspective on mirror neurons
Authors: Marcel Brass, Paul S. Muhle-Karbe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract In this commentary, we propose an extension of the associative approach of mirror neurons, namely, ideomotor theory. Ideomotor theory assumes that actions are controlled by anticipatory representations of their sensory consequences. As we outline below, this extension is necessary to clarify a number of empirical observations that are difficult to explain from a purely associative perspective.
Electrocardiographic quantitation of ventricular repolarization.
Authors: M Merri, J Benhorin, M Alberti, E Locati, A J Moss
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Quantification of the electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization involving the T-U wave complex is usually performed with reference to the axis of the T wave and the QT interval duration. A novel quantitative approach to improve the description of ventricular repolarization was applied to the digitized electrocardiograms of 423 normal subjects. Six electrocardiographic repolarization characteristics were identified: duration, rate, area, symmetry, late phenomena, and interlead heterogeneity. A computer algorithm was designed to automatically interpret the electrocardiographic repolarization segment and measure 11 variables that quantified these repolarization characteristics. The application of redundancy-reduction techniques selected a final set of seven variables that were used in the statistical analysis. The QT interval, which was included in the initial group of variables, was replaced by the time interval between S wave offset and T wave maximum. All selected electrocardiographic variables were independent of age (r2 less than 0.11) and body surface area (r2 less than 0.03); all except the early duration variable were heart rate- and QT interval-independent (r2 less than 0.2, r2 less than 0.13, respectively; and most were uncorrelated to each other. A comparison of repolarization characteristics by gender revealed that repolarization duration was significantly more prolonged (p less than 0.0001) in women than in men. This multidimensional quantitative approach conveys a new and more complete description of the repolarization process and provides an electrocardiographic repolarization database in normal subjects as a reference standard for identifying patients with disordered repolarization.
Modulation of the membrane surrounding particulate cement and polyethylene in the rabbit tibia
Authors: S.B. Goodman, J.S. Lee, R.C. Chin, S.S. Chiou
Journal: Biomaterials (1991)

Twenty-nine mature New Zealand white, female rabbits were divided into four groups. Using sterile technique, a 6 mm drill hole was made in the tibia 1 cm distal to the knee joint. The marrow was scooped out underneath the hole. The right tibia received Simplex particulate cement polymer (PMMA) (groups 1 and 2) or polyethylene particles (UHMWP) (groups 3 and 4). The left leg functioned as a prepared but non-implanted control. All animals were fed a standard diet; those in groups 1 and 3 received plain water, while groups 2 and 4 drank water in which sodium naproxen was dissolved (1.375 mg/ml). Animals were killed after 16 wk. The implant area was harvested and grown in tissue culture. The cumulative collection of tissue culture supernatants over 3 d was assayed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via radioimmunoassay. PGE2 production was significantly higher in the membrane harvested from the right side containing particulate cement with no sodium naproxen (group 1) compared with controls (P less than 0.05). The ratio of PGE2 values for the right divided by the left side yielded higher values in group 1, compared with groups 2, 3 or 4 (P less than 0.01). Previous studies have suggested that particulate debris and PGE2 production are associated with arthroplasty loosening. This experiment has demonstrated that PGE2 production by the membrane surrounding particulate debris can be suppressed by the administration of oral sodium naproxen. Because non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in man, these agents may prove useful in retarding the bone loss associated with early prosthetic loosening.
Abstract 1096: Prostate tumor growth in pbARR2-Cre PTEN knockout mice is delayed in GH/IGF-I deficient mice
Authors: Naokazu Ibuki, Kiyoshi Takahara, Howard Tearle, Martin E. Gleave, Christopher J. Ong, Michael Pollak, Michael E. Cox
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (GH/IGF-I) axis has been related to risk of prostate cancer (PCa). We have previously reported that androgen-responsive, castration-resistant (CR), and androgen-independent (AI) PCa xenografts develop more slowly in little murine hosts. The little (lit/lit) phenotype is due to a D60G missense mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) resulting in loss of pituitary GHRHR function and suppression of GH and IGF-I expression. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in a variety of spontaneous cancers, including PCa. The prostate-conditional PTEN-null mouse represents the first animal model in which deletion of a single endogenous gene leads to invasive PCa. To investigate the role of GH/IGF-I axis on in vivo prostate carcinogenesis and neoplastic progression, we crossed pbARR2-Cre, PTEN(fl/fl) mice (PTEN-/-) with IGF-I deficient lit mice, and produced lit/lit and lit/+ PTEN-/- mice. To complement the in vivo experiments, in vitro growth and growth factor signaling of murine PTEN-/- cells derived from the prostate (MPPK) or lymph node (MLPK) using serum from lit/lit or lit/+ mice was examined. RESULTS: Body weight and serum GH, IGF-I levels of lit/lit PTEN-/- mice were significantly reduced as compared with lit/+ PTEN-/- mice. At 15 weeks of age, prostate cancer progression of lit/lit PTEN-/- mice was partially delayed as compared with lit/+ PTEN-/- mice. MPPK and MLPK cells growth in vitro with serum from lit/lit mice showed decreased proliferation as compared with serum from lit/+ mice. Suppressed growth in lit/lit serum could be restored by addition of IGF-I, and to a lesser extent, GH. Addition of GH or IGF-I to lit/lit serum increased only activation of AKT while no change in ERK1/2 activation was detected in MPPK cells. Our in vivo and in vitro results suggest that prostate carcinogenesis may be influenced by germ line variation of genes encoding signaling molecules in the GH/IGF-I axis and support the continued development of clinical trials of novel hormonal treatment strategies that target the GH/IGF-I axis for PCa patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1096. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1096
Fractional Distribution of Right Ventricular Output in the Lungs of Dogs
Authors: Robert L. Hamlin, William P. Marsland, C. Roger Smith, Leo A. Sapirstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Microspheres, approximately 50 µ in diameter and labeled with scandium 46 , were injected into the jugular vein of seven anesthetized dogs. Each lobe of lung contained nearly equal counts per minute per gram of tissue. This suggests that the indicator was completely mixed with the blood by the time it arrived in the pulmonary artery, and that the perfusion rate of blood per gram of lung is nearly identical for all lobes.
New monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin. Powerful tools for the investigation of the renin system.
Authors: F X Galen, C Devaux, S Atlas, T Guyenne, J Menard, P Corvol, D Simon, C Cazaubon, P Richer, G Badouaille
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin were obtained by the fusing of myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/c or high-responder Biozzi mice injected with pure tumoral or highly purified renal renin. These procedures resulted in the production of seven stable monoclonal antibodies to human renin. Antibodies in the hybridoma culture medium were screened by binding to pure iodinated renin or insolubilized renin in a solid phase assay. The concentration of purified antibodies that provided a 50% binding to iodinated renin varied from 1 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-7) M. Two monoclonal antibodies were found to be potent inhibitors of renin enzymatic activity in vitro, behaving as noncompetitive inhibitors (Ki, 1 to 4 X 10(-10) M). They were specific for primate renin. Three monoclonal antibodies provided suitable immunoadsorbants for renin purification. One of these immunoadsorbants was used for large-scale purification of the renal enzyme, resulting in an 825-fold renin enrichment in a single step. Two antibodies were able to distinguish between active and inactive renin and enabled concomitant separation and purification of the two enzyme forms in various biological fluids. Monoclonal antibodies also stained human and monkey renal renin when indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques were used. A highly sensitive radioimmunometric assay of renin was constructed with two monoclonal antibodies. The sensitivity of this improved assay should permit the detection of renin in normal human plasma. Monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be superior to polyclonal antibodies in the following areas: the separation of active from inactive renin, the purification of renin from biological fluids, and the setting up of a direct assay of plasma renin.
Effect of a late evening meal on nitrogen balance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
Authors: G. R. Swart, M. C. Zillikens, J. K. van Vuure, J. W. van den Berg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess whether a late evening meal would improve nitrogen balance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. DESIGN--Randomised crossover study of meal schedules comparing three meals a day with four or six meals a day, the four and six meal schedules both including a late evening meal (2300). SETTING--Metabolic ward. PATIENTS--Seven men and two women aged 34-66 with cirrhosis of the liver (Child9s grade B). INTERVENTIONS--Patients spent two seven day periods in the ward. For five days of each period they received, in random order, isonitrogenous isocaloric diets supplied in three meals a day and in four or six meals a day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Nitrogen balance, calculated as the difference between dietary intake and the total of urinary, faecal, and integumental nitrogen loss. RESULTS--Faecal nitrogen loss was no different between three meals a day and four or six meals a day. On both four and six meals a day, however, patients had nitrogen balances that were more positive (or less negative) than on three meals a day (1.26 (SD 2.1) g/24 h v 0.26 (2.2) g/24 h, p less than 0.01). Six meals a day did not produce significantly better improvements in nitrogen balance than four meals a day. CONCLUSIONS--A late evening meal seemed to improve the efficiency of nitrogen metabolism, but longer term studies are needed to assess whether this leads to a better nutritional state.
ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS OF HEAD AND EYES.
Authors: WILLIAM CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In order that the body may properly perform its functions and all the organs act in harmony, a certain reciprocity must be maintained between the different parts. Nowhere is this reciprocity, this association of action, better observed than in the movements of the head and eyes. Upon account of the protected position of the eyes and the direction of the plane of the orbit in the human skull, the field of sight is restricted much more in man than in some of the lower animals where the eyes are much more mobile, and were it not for the increase in the range of the field of sight which the rotation of the head affords, man would be unable to perceive many side objects without change of position of the entire body. Not only does the head, however, by its movements, augment the range of the field of vision, but it
TCT-803 Emergency and prophylactic use of miniaturized veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Oliver Husser, Christian Hengstenberg, Michael Hilker, Andreas Holzamer, Alois Philipp, Günter Riegger, Christof Schmid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Bruton tyrosine kinase represents a promising therapeutic target for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is effectively targeted by PCI-32765
Authors: Sarah E. M. Herman, Amber L. Gordon, Erin Hertlein, Asha Ramanunni, Xiaoli Zhang, Samantha Jaglowski, Joseph Flynn, Jeffrey Jones, Kristie A. Blum, Joseph J. Buggy, Ahmed Hamdy, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2011)
Role of interleukin 10 in specific immunotherapy.
Authors: C A Akdis, T Blesken, M Akdis, B Wüthrich, K Blaser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The induction of allergen-specific anergy in peripheral T cells represents a key step in specific immunotherapy (SIT). Here we demonstrate that the anergic state results from increased IL-10 production. In bee venom (BV)-SIT the specific proliferative and cytokine responses against the main allergen, the phospholipase A2 (PLA), and T cell epitope-containing PLA peptides were significantly suppressed after 7 d of treatment. Simultaneously, the production of IL-10 increased during BV-SIT. After 28 d of BV-SIT the anergic state was established. Intracytoplasmic cytokine staining of PBMC combined with surface marker detection revealed that IL-10 was produced initially by activated CD4(+)CD25(+), allergen-specific T cells, and followed by B cells and monocytes. Neutralization of IL-10 in PBMC fully reconstituted the specific proliferative and cytokine responses. A similar state of IL-10-associated T cell anergy, as induced in BV-SIT, was found in hyperimmune individuals who recently had received multiple bee stings. The addition of IL-10 to soluble CD40 ligand IL-4-stimulated PBMC or purified B cells inhibited the PLA-specific and total IgE and enhanced the IgG4 formation. Accordingly, increased IL-10 production by SIT causes specific anergy in peripheral T cells, and regulates specific IgE and IgG4 production toward normal IgG4-related immunity.
Relative Efficacy of Vasodilator Therapy in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Cynthia D. Mulrow, John P. Mulrow, William D. Linn, Christine Aguilar, Gilbert Ramirez
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We examined existing evidence concerning the relative efficacy of various vasodilator agents in chronic congestive heart failure. Only randomized placebo-controlled trials with clinical end points and treatment durations of four weeks or more were selected from an exhaustive search of the English-language medical literature. Twenty-eight trials involving 1976 patients were found. Treatment durations of the trials varied from one month to two years. Patients with symptomatic heart failure despite digitalis and diuretic therapy were studied; most were middle-aged men and approximately half had coronary artery disease. Results of the trials were appraised by three independent observers, and mortality and functional status outcomes were pooled in a meta-analysis. All vasodilator agents except hydralazine hydrochloride were associated with improvements in functional status. Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors were the only agents associated with both decreased mortality (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.75) and improved functional status (odds ratio, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 3.46 to 5.92). The optimal timing for initiation of these agents was not established.