tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The sinusoidal efflux of dibromosulfophthalein from rat liver is stimulated by albumin, ligandin and fatty acid binding protein but not by other dibromosulfophthalein binding proteins
Authors: Henricus M.J. Nijssen, Tjaard Pijning, Johannes H. Proost, Dirk K.F. Meijer, Geny M.M. Groothuis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
A Rare Case of Malignant Urinary Bladder Paraganglioma With Distant Metastases Demonstrated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kuruva Manohar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Anish Bhattacharya, Raghava Kashyap, Mayank Mohan Aggarwal, Arup K. Mandal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Urinary bladder paragangliomas are rare tumors, with malignant ones being still rarer. Demonstration of metastases by imaging is crucial, as histological examination of primary cannot reliably distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. We describe a rare case of a patient with malignant urinary bladder paraganglioma in whom 18F-FDG PET/CT was useful in detection of regional lymph nodal and distant metastases. In addition, 18F-FDG PET/CT suggested an easily accessible site of biopsy to confirm the metastatic disease.
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry—II
Authors: Paul G. Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

These two volumes represent the definitive reference book of psychiatry. Those involved in the treatment of mental illness and in the study of mental health issues will want to possess it. The book lives up to its claim of being comprehensive; it represents the views of 226 contributors who are leaders and experts in psychiatry and related behavioral scientific disciplines; it covers subjects ranging from fundamental topics such as psychopharmacology and theories of personality to highly specialized subjects such as psychohistory and creativity— and much more. The "much more" is represented by a number of chapters that have been added or elaborated since the first edition in 1967, including 250 pages devoted to normal and abnormal sexuality, and carefully prepared reviews of the recent contributions to psychiatry of the biological sciences, anthropology, sociology, and psychology. The modern psychiatrist, like all physicians, finds himself literally besieged by a geometrically increasing flow
The greatest torture
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The illnesses of the great and good have always been of interest, not only to themselves, of course, but to subsequent medical people, who amuse themselves by speculating on their nature. The very impossibility of coming to definitive conclusions is part of the fun of this pastime.

Oscar Wilde’s father, the surgeon William Wilde, later Sir William, published a book in 1849 about the last illness of Jonathan Swift, entitled The Closing Years of Dean Swift’s Life , a second edition of which was published the same year and dedicated to William Stokes, of Cheyne-Stokes breathing, Stokes-Adams attacks, and Stokes’ law.

It seems clear that Swift suffered severely from Meniere’s disease for …
Take Heart With Heart Failure
Authors: Carol Flavell, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

be discouraged by the word failure.Your heart hasn't failed to pump or stopped beating.Think of your heart as having a handicap that can be managed with the right treatments and lifestyle.There are at least 4 to 5 million people with heart failure in the United States, about half of whom are over 65.Many people with heart failure are able to lead active and satisfying lives.Success with heart failure depends on what you know and do to manage the handicap.
WHO announces 13 candidates for the post of director general
Authors: Anne Glusker
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The World Health Organization has announced the candidates for its top post of director general, one of the most powerful positions in international public health, after the death of the previous incumbent, Lee Jong-wook, in May ( BMJ 2006;332: 1234).

The 13 are a disparate group, and the timing of the election is unusual, because of Dr Lee's sudden death. The leading contenders include Julio Frenk, Mexico's minister of …
State Bite: Cancer Mortality in Native Americans by Region
Authors: S. Valway
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article State Bite: Cancer Mortality in Native Americans by Region Get access Sarah Valway Sarah Valway D.M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 8, 20 April 1994, Page 579, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.8.579 Published: 20 April 1994
Studies of Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. ALICK LITTLE, HENRY M. SHANOFF, ROBERT D. ROE, ADELE CSIMA, RUTH YANO
Journal: Circulation (1965)

This study examined life expectancy and serum lipids in 120 men with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Five-year survival from onset of infarction was 79 per cent. No relationship could be demonstrated between survival and the level of the total serum cholesterol, Std. S f 0-12, 12-20, 20-100, and 100-400 lipoproteins. Survival for patients with an infarct less than 6 months before entry into the study was shorter, despite serum lipid levels the same as the remainder of the group. Although the age of onset of coronary disease is influenced by serum lipid levels, survival subsequent to infarction is not. This paradox suggests that serum lipids affect rate of atherogenesis in the long preclinical stage but in the short clinical stage other factors determine survival.
Fiberoptic Angioscopy: Role in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pulmonary Arterial Obstruction
Authors: Deborah Shure, Gabriel Gregoratos, Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

We evaluated the role of fiberoptic angioscopy in eight patients with suspected chronic pulmonary embolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Angioscopy, preceded by ventilation-perfusion lung scans, right-heart catheterization, and pulmonary angiography, resulted in diagnostic changes in four patients: from pulmonary artery agenesis to chronic emboli; from chronic emboli to normal pulmonary arterial intima (primary pulmonary hypertension); from chronic pulmonary emboli to extrinsic compression of a major pulmonary artery (fibrosing mediastinitis); and from suspected agenesis or chronic emboli to a tumor (fibrosarcoma) of the pulmonary artery. Angioscopy also more accurately determined the extent and surgical accessibility of chronic embolic obstruction in the five patients with that disorder; as a result, we decided that the obstruction in one patient was inoperable. No significant complications occurred with angioscopy and we conclude that its direct visualization capability can contribute significantly to the diagnostic evaluation of suspected chronic pulmonary arterial obstruction.
Perioperative Glucocorticoid Prescribing Habits in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Raymond F. Lamore, Elizabeth M. Hechenbleikner, Christina Ha, Roberto Salvatori, Lindsay H. Harris, Michael R. Marohn, Susan L. Gearhart, Jonathan E. Efron, Elizabeth C. Wick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

High-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely given to surgical patients with a history of GC exposure to prevent perioperative acute adrenal insufficiency, but this practice is not well supported.To evaluate the variability of perioperative GC dosing among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing major abdominal surgery.This was a retrospective study of 49 patients with IBD undergoing colorectal surgery at a single institution between July 2010 and August 2011. Data on patient comorbidities, intraoperative risk factors, surgical site infections, and 30-day readmission rates were prospectively collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Preoperative GC exposure at the time of the index admission and perioperative GC therapy during admission were collected by review of the medical records. Patients were divided into 3 groups at the time of surgery: (1) 1 week or more of prior GC exposure, not receiving maintenance therapy (n = 15); (2) currently receiving budesonide (n = 10); and (3) currently receiving oral prednisone (n = 24).Perioperative GC exposure was the main outcome. Qualitative comparisons of perioperative exposure stratified by preoperative GC exposure were done. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant differences in surgical site infection and 30-day readmission rates among patients with and without perioperative GC exposure.Overall, 38 of 49 patients (78%) received perioperative GCs; intraoperative GCs were administered to 35 of 49 patients (71%), and 33 of 49 patients (67%) received postoperative GCs. Patients received intraoperative and postoperative GCs, respectively, as follows: 8 patients (53%) and 7 (47%) in group 1, 7 (70%) and 3 (30%) in group 2, and 20 (83%) and 23 (96%) in group 3. The median intraoperative GC dose was 100 mg (range, 50-267 mg of hydrocortisone or hydrocortisone equivalent for dexamethasone); the median total postoperative GC dose for the first 5 days after surgery was 485 mg (range, 50-890 mg of hydrocortisone or hydrocortisone equivalent for prednisone). The median duration of postoperative GC administration was 3 days for group 1, 6 days for group 2, and 7 days for group 3. No statistically significant difference in surgical site infection and 30-day readmission rates was detected in the GC exposure vs no-exposure groups.Perioperative GC dosing among patients with IBD undergoing colorectal surgery is highly variable even within a single center. Additional studies are needed to define the risk of postoperative adrenal insufficiency and establish standardized practices for perioperative GC therapy, which may have the benefit of reducing GC overuse.
Simple Rupture of the Brachial Artery, Sustained in Elbow Dislocation
Authors: Elihu Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ARTERIAL rupture in civilian life is relatively rare. As far as can be determined, only 4 cases of rupture of the brachial artery, sustained in elbow dislocation in which the diagnosis has been verified at surgical exploration, have been reported. However in only 2 of these has a simple dislocation of the elbow occurred. The first case was reported by Marnham<sup>1</sup>in 1934, in which case ligation of the end of the torn vessel and reduction of the dislocation was performed. The radial pulse reappeared within 3 weeks, and the function of the joint was almost normal 4 months after the injury. The second case was reported by Jackson<sup>2</sup>in 1940. Reduction was accomplished within 15 minutes of the injury, and 2 hours later the antecubital space was explored surgically. An end-to-end anastomosis of the artery was performed, and a cuff from the brachial vein was utilized
Obesity, Diabetes, and Hyperlipidemia in a Central Australian Aboriginal Community With a Long History of Acculturation
Authors: Kerin O'Dea, Mahomed Patel, Doris Kubisch, John Hopper, Kathy Traianedes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To determine the age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and to examine associations between related anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities in an Aboriginal community in central Australia with a long history of acculturation. Research Design and Methods— We used a cross-sectional survey of 353 adults &amp;gt; 15 yr of age (87% response rate) and measured the following parameters: weight, height, circumferences of waist and hips; glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in fasting plasma; and plasma glucose and insulin 2 h after 75 g oral glucose. Results— The prevalence of diabetes was 29.6% in survey participants &amp;gt; 35 yr of age and 5.3% in those &amp;lt; 35 yr of age. Impaired glucose tolerance also occurred with higher frequency in those &amp;gt; 35 yr of age (14.8 vs. 4.7%). Of those &amp;gt; 35 yr of age, 75% of the women and 51% of the men were overweight or obese, with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. A large insulin response to oral glucose was evident, with the upper tertile of the 2-h insulin response six times higher than the lower tertile (113 ± 43 vs. 19 ± 8 mU/L). Hyperinsulinemia showed a strong, positive association with impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and a negative association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels were on average 0.5 mM higher in men than in women. Deteriorations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism occurred before 40 yr of age: diabetes, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and fasting triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations peaked and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations reached their nadir at the end of the fourth decade. Conclusions— These data suggest that any intervention programs developed to prevent or reduce diabetes prevalence in this population should be targeted at adolescents and young adults.
Proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy tissue. Implications for antiproliferative therapy.
Authors: E R O'Brien, C E Alpers, D K Stewart, M Ferguson, N Tran, D Gordon, E P Benditt, T Hinohara, J B Simpson, S M Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

On the basis of animal models of arterial injury, smooth muscle cell proliferation has been posited as a dominant event in restenosis. Unfortunately, little is known about this proliferation in the human restenotic lesion. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent and time course of proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy-derived tissue. Primary (n = 118) and restenotic (n = 100) coronary atherectomy specimens were obtained from 211 nonconsecutive patients. Immunocytochemistry for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used to gauge proliferation in the atherectomy specimens. The identity of PCNA-positive cells was then determined using immunohistochemical cell-specific markers. Eighty-two percent of primary specimens and 74% of restenotic specimens had no evidence of PCNA labeling. The majority of the remaining specimens had only a modest number of PCNA-positive cells per slide (typically &lt; 50 cells per slide). In the restenotic specimens, PCNA labeling was detected over a wide time interval after the initial procedure (eg, 1 to 390 days), with no obvious proliferative peak. Cell-specific immunohistochemical markers identified primary and restenotic PCNA-positive cells as smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. In conclusion, the findings were as follows: (1) Proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy specimens, as indicated by PCNA labeling, occurs infrequently and at low levels. (2) The response to injury in existing animal models of angioplasty may follow a very different course of events from the clinical reality in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and may help explain why current approaches to restenosis therapy have been ineffective.
Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Utstein Style. A statement for health professionals from a task force of the American Heart Association, the European Resuscitation Council, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Australian Resuscitation Council.
Authors: R O Cummins, D A Chamberlain, N S Abramson, M Allen, P J Baskett, L Becker, L Bossaert, H H Delooz, W F Dick, M S Eisenberg
Journal: Circulation (1991)

esuscitation has become an important multi- disciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialties and organizations, each of which claims a legitimate interest in the science and prac- tice of resuscitation.This complex background has hindered the development of a uniform pattern or set of definitions for reporting results.Different systems cannot readily be compared or contrasted because data are rarely compatible.Representatives from the American Heart Association, the European Resusci- tation Council, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Australian Resuscitation Council recently met to establish uniform terms and defini- tions for out-of-hospital resuscitation.The American Heart Association has supported re- suscitation activities since 1977.The European Resus- citation Council was formed in August 1989 as a multidisciplinary group of representatives from the "Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest:
Informed consent in clinical trials. Clinical judgement determines disclosure.
Authors: R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (1993)

this would be true for participation in clinical trials.Clinical trials are here to stay.Patients who participate should not be sidelined by overbearing researchers.Trials are not a form of treatment and are not part of the patient-doctor contract.Informed consent is imperative and should not be a contest between researchers and ethicists.It is a basic right; it is about the freedom of choice.
The Kidney: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: C. A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Some excellent texts have been published recently dealing with advances in the classification and morphologic diagnosis of renal diseases. These have been profusely illustrated. They have stressed glomerular changes and have emphasized either the light microscopic or the immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings. Why would an author want to write a somewhat similar text with its heavy emphasis on morphologic findings? In the present instance, there appears to be a good deal of justification for such a publication. The author started her medical career as a pathologist in the course of which she developed a keen interest in nephrology. As a result, she went into clinical medicine while retaining a strong foothold in the laboratory. The book therefore represents her personal involvement in correlating morphologic findings with the clinical study of patients with renal disease in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and the effects of therapy. It expresses her vigorous and
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 for Risk Stratification and Selection of an Invasive Treatment Strategy in Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kai C. Wollert, Tibor Kempf, Bo Lagerqvist, Bertil Lindahl, Sylvia Olofsson, Tim Allhoff, Timo Peter, Agneta Siegbahn, Per Venge, Helmut Drexler, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

An invasive treatment strategy improves outcome in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome at moderate to high risk. We hypothesized that the circulating level of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) may improve risk stratification.The Fast Revascularization during InStability in Coronary artery disease II (FRISC-II) trial randomized patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome to an invasive or conservative strategy with a follow-up for 2 years. GDF-15 and other biomarkers were determined on admission in 2079 patients. GDF-15 was moderately elevated (between 1200 and 1800 ng/L) in 770 patients (37.0%), and highly elevated (>1800 ng/L) in 493 patients (23.7%). Elevated levels of GDF-15 independently predicted the risk of the composite end point of death or recurrent myocardial infarction in the conservative group (P=0.016) but not in the invasive group. A significant interaction existed between the GDF-15 level on admission and the effect of treatment strategy on the composite end point. The occurrence of the composite end point was reduced by the invasive strategy at GDF-15 levels >1800 ng/L (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.73; P=0.001), between 1200 and 1800 ng/L (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.00; P=0.048), but not <1200 ng/L (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.65; P=0.81). Patients with ST-segment depression or a troponin T level >0.01 microg/L with a GDF-15 level <1200 ng/L did not benefit from the invasive strategy.GDF-15 is a potential tool for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome as initially diagnosed by ECG and troponin levels. A prospective randomized trial is needed to validate these findings.
Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Capsular Polysaccharide Antigenemia and Antibody Responses
Authors: J. DONALD COONROD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Capsular polysaccharide was detected in the serum in 19 of 46 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Antigenemia was strongly associated with bacteremia and with infection by low-numbered serotypes. During antibiotic therapy, the concentration of polysaccharide in the circulation declined progressively, but circulating antigen remained detectable in two thirds of cases for 2 weeks or longer. The development of measurable type-specific antibody was delayed in patients with antigenemia. It is not known whether this delay was due to diminished antibody production or to neutralization of antibody by circulating antigen. Despite effective antibiotic therapy many patients with antigenemia had a severe and protracted illness; this may have been related to diminished availability of antibody early in the infection.
Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews
Authors: K Dickersin, R Scherer, C Lefebvre
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the sensitivity and precision of Medline searching for randomised clinical trials. Design - Comparison of results of Medline searches to a "gold standard" of known randomised clinical trials in ophthalmology published in 1988; systematic review (meta-analysis) of results of similar, but separate, studies from many fields of medicine. <b>Populations</b>: Randomised clinical trials published in in 1988 in journals indexed in Medline, and those not indexed in Medline and identified by hand search, comprised the gold standard. Gold standards for the other studies combined in the meta-analysis were based on: randomised clinical trials published in any journal, whether indexed in Medline or not; those published in any journal indexed in Medline; or those published in a selected group of journals indexed in Medline. Main outcome measure - Sensitivity (proportion of the total number of known randomised clinical trails identified by the search) and precision (proportion of publications retrieved by Medline that were actually randomised clinical trials) were calculated for each study and combined to obtain weighted means. Searches producing the "best" sensitivity were used for sensitivity and precision estimates when multiple searches were performed. <b>Results</b>: The sensitivity of searching for ophthalmology randomised clinical trials published in 1988 was 82%, when the gold standard was for any journal, 87% for any journal indexed in Medline, and 88% for selected journals indexed in Medline. Weighted means for sensitivity across all studies were 51%, 77%, and 63%, respectively. The weighted mean for precision was 8% (median 32.5%). Most searchers seemed not to use freetext subject terms and truncation of those terms. Conclusion - Although the indexing terms available for searching Medline for randomised clinical trials have improved, sensitivity still remains unsatisfactory. A mechanism is needed to "register" known trials, preferably by retrospective tagging of Medline entries, and incorporating trials published before 1966 and in journals not indexed by Medline into the system.
Meat-Wrapper's Asthma
Authors: William N. Sokol
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Three patients employed as meat wrappers developed respiratory symptoms when exposed to the fumes of a polyvinyl chloride film cut with a hot wire. The patients were middle-aged women who smoked cigarettes and demonstrated reversible airway obstruction on pulmonary function testing. The cause of their symptoms is not known, but some ingredient of the polyvinyl chloride film is suspected.
Intravenous adenosine echocardiography, a new pharmacologic stress test: Preliminary results and comparison with simultaneous thallium scintigraphy
Authors: Anatonle D. Trakhtenbroit, Jorge Cheirif, Neal S. Kleiman, Mario S. Verani, John J. Mahmarian, Miguel A. Quinones, Jan Weber, Ami E. Iskandrian, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)