tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Currents of Death: Power Lines, Computer Terminals, and the Attempt to Cover Up Their Threat to Your Health
Authors: David A. Savitz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In<i>Currents of Death</i>, Paul Brodeur takes on the formidable task of addressing approximately 20 years of research and policy concerning nonionizing radiation from power lines, video display terminals, radar, and communications systems. He addresses the scientific evidence, from both the laboratory and the community, suggesting possible adverse health effects from nonionizing radiation in parallel with the politics surrounding these issues. The key political controversies around which the book is organized are concerns with electric power lines and the role of the utility companies, siting of military communications systems that use radar and extremely low—frequency fields, and hazards associated with fields emanating from video display terminals. The title and subtitle indicate that this is not a dispassionate scientific review of evidence. Rather, it is an advocate's argument, generally accurate in citing evidence of health harm but not giving equal consideration to opposing findings. Brodeur argues that health hazards from diverse
The score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR): a simple and valid assessment method in population studies
Authors: I. Annesi‐Maesano, A. Didier, M. Klossek, I. Chanal, D. Moreau, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: No validated assessment of allergic rhinitis (AR) is presently available that can be used in population studies in the absence of medical diagnosis and of objective measurements of allergy. To compensate for this lack, a quantitative Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) ranging between 0 and 16 has been developed by experts. Methods: The SFAR, encompassing eight features of AR, was validated in three different ways: 1) among 269 outpatients taking the specialist's diagnosis of AR and skin prick tests (SPT) positivity as a gold standard (diagnosis validation); 2) using psychometric methods (internal validation); and 3) in a random population‐based sample of 3001 individuals by telephone interview (population acceptability). Results: A SFAR value ≥ 7 allowed satisfactory discrimination between the outpatients with AR from those without (sensitivity = 74% [95% confidence interval CI: 0.69,0.79], specificity = 83% [0.79, 0.87], positive predictive value = 84% [0.80, 0.88], negative predictive value = 74% [0.69, 0.79] and Youden's index = 0.57, respectively). Internal consistency of the score was also high (among others, Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.79). On average, it took only 3 min for the individuals interviewed on the phone to complete the questionnaire, the questions of which were well understood. Among these subjects, the prevalence of AR was 21% [95% CI: 19.5%, 22.5%], which is comparable to other determinations in France. Conclusions: The newly a priori proposed Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) is easy to use and can be useful to estimate prevalence and to study causation of AR in population settings.
Diagnosis of a small splenic artery aneurysm mimicking a gastric submucosal tumor on endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: N. Higuchi, K. Akahoshi, K. Honda, N. Matsui, M. Kubokawa, Y. Motomura, K. Nakamura, R. Takayanagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Although extrinsic compression of the gastric wall by an intact splenic artery is a common observation, the characteristic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings of small splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) have not yet been established.
Consensus clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Daniel L. Picchietti, Jennifer G. Hensley, Jacquelyn L. Bainbridge, Kathryn A. Lee, Mauro Manconi, James A. McGregor, Robert M. Silver, Claudia Trenkwalder, Arthur S. Walters
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2014)
In praise of medical secretaries: Shortage of medical secretaries looks set to increase
Authors: C. Anton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—With reference to the personal view by Alis and Blair,1 medical secretaries are soon likely to be in even shorter supply.

Under Agenda for Change (which is designed to pay nurses more) the pay band for a medical secretary, higher level, is band 4, which is currently £2000 less than their highest current pay scale.2
GP who married widower shortly after patient's death is suspended for six months
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A GP who moved in with her patient’s widower less than six weeks after his wife’s death has been suspended from practice for six months by a panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

Judith Ames, 52, of Plymouth, began a relationship with Robert Owens, 66, after a bereavement visit to his home on 24 March 2012. His wife, Joyce Owens, had died from lung cancer on 8 March. On 27 March Ames accepted Owens’s marriage proposal, and the couple married in September.

The GP often made house …
Clinical analysis of 76 patients pathologically diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Nan Li, Yuxuan Zhang, Huiping Li, Xueyuan Chen, Shanmei Wang, Xia Zhang, Rongxuan Zhang, Jinfu Xu, Jingyun Shi, Rex C. Yung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis patients in China, with analysis of immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects. We performed a retrospective review of 76 patients diagnosed with tissue-confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Shanghai, China) during a 10-yr period (2001-2010). Of 76 patients (54 males and 22 females), 41 (53.95%) were immunocompetent and 35 out of the 41 were asymptomatic. Approximately 80% of the patients had histories suspicious of environmental fungal exposure. Radiological (computed tomography) findings showed predominantly peripheral findings (85.53%, 65 out of 76 patients) including nodular masses (55.26%, 42 out of 76), pneumonic infiltrates (23.68%, 18 out of 76) and mixed type (21.05%, 16 out of 76). 43.42% (33 out of 76) were initially misdiagnosed, often as cancer by false-positive (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET) (28 out of 46 cases). 51 patients received antifungal therapy, 25 patients were clinically observed without treatment. As of December 31, 2010, 71 cases showed total recovery and four cases showed improvement (efficacy rate of 98.68%, 75 out of 76). One HIV-positive case died of cryptococcal meningitis. Incidence of pulmonary cryptococcosis in China may be related to environmental fungal exposures. Most presented as asymptomatic peripheral lung lesions. False-positive (18)FDG-PET examinations often lead to initial clinical misdiagnosis of cancer. Unlike immunocompromised or clinically symptomatic patients, all immunocompetent patients had a good response, either to fluconazole monotherapy or observation, with a tendency for spontaneous remissions in the asymptomatic immunocompetent subjects.
Rapid Reduction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Acromegaly after Suppression of Growth Hormone Hypersecretion
Authors: Michael J. Lim, Ariel L. Barkan, Andrew J. Buda
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To examine the possible role of growth hormone as a pathogenetic factor in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in acromegaly. ▪ Design: An uncontrolled clinical trial. ▪ Setting: Tertiary-care medical center. ▪ Patients: Sixteen patients with acromegaly were stratified into two groups: Group I (n = 10) had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and group II (n = 6) did not have LVH. ▪ Intervention: Therapy with octreotide acetate (SMS 201-995), a long-acting somatostatin analog (mean dose, 538 µg/d), was administered for 2 months. ▪ Measurements: Plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, hand volume, and echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions and mass were measured at baseline and at 1 week and 2 months after the start of therapy. ▪ Results: Before octreotide therapy, both groups had similar hand volumes and similar growth hormone and IGF-I hypersecretion. Both groups showed a reduction in growth hormone at 2 months (mean reduction, 13.7 µg/L in patients with LVH [P < 0.01] and 14.1 µg/L in patients without LVH [P < 0.05]). Plasma IGF-I was also decreased (mean reduction, 305 µg/L in patients with LVH [P < 0.01] and 304 µg/L in patients without LVH [P < 0.05]). Reduction of growth hormone and IGF-I hypersecretion in patients with LVH was associated with a rapid decrease in left ventricular mass (339 g to 299 g, P < 0.01) within 1 week, which was sustained at 2 months (274 g, P < 0.04). Patients without LVH showed no statistical change in left ventricular mass. In patients with LVH, the decrease in left ventricular mass correlated with the octreotide-induced decrease in growth hormone (r = 0.79, P < 0.05) but not with blood pressure. Blood pressure, left ventricular dimensions, and percent of fractional shortening were not altered by therapy in either group. Hand volume decreased in both groups. ▪ Conclusions: Normalization of growth hormone secretion is associated with reduction of left ventricular mass in acromegalic patients with LVH within 1 week of initiating therapy with octreotide.
Multivariate analysis of angiographic, histologic, and electrocardiographic data in patients with coronary heart disease.
Authors: W Flameng, L Wouters, P Sergeant, P Lewi, M Borgers, F Thone, R Suy
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In 61 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting, angiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were studied. Histologic delineation of myocardium was obtained by analysis of transmural biopsy specimens acquired at the time of surgery. The use of principal-component analysis revealed three definite groups of patients. Group I comprised patients with histologic findings associated with severe left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis, without abnormal wall motion or ejection fraction. ECG abnormalities were limited to ST changes. Group II comprised patients with severe myocardial cell degeneration with only modest fibrosis associated with severe LAD stenosis and severely impaired wall motion. The incidence of infarction on the ECG was low. Group III patients had important myocardial cell degeneration with severe fibrosis associated with severe LAD stenosis, severely depressed wall motion, and significantly impaired ejection fraction. In this group there was a high incidence of infarction apparent on the ECG. Postoperative follow-up (24 months) showed a total survival of 94.4% in group I, 92.8% in group II, and only 72.7% in group III. This identification of subtypes of coronary artery disease seems to be helpful in estimating patient prognosis after coronary surgery.
Expression of outer membrane protein II by gonococci in experimental gonorrhea.
Authors: J Swanson, O Barrera, J Sola, J Boslego
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Gonorrheal urethritis was induced in three males by intraurethral instillation of predominantly pilus+ protein II- gonococci. Virtually all gonococci reisolated from the infected men exhibited protein II+ phenotype. The reisolated gonococci expressed five distinct outer membrane protein II species. Protein IIc+ organisms predominated in urines of all three subjects, but variants expressing this particular protein II were rarely spawned in vitro by input organisms. Protein IIc+ gonococci appeared early in one man's infection; they were joined later by variants that displayed eight other protein II phenotypes, including protein II-. These results show that input protein II- gonococci are supplanted by protein IIc+ variants during incipient gonorrheal urethritis. As infection progresses, a broader variety of protein II+ variants appears.
Household Detergents as Douches
Authors: H. I. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to make a few remarks on the response to a query on the use of household detergents as douches which appeared in the Oct. 28, 1961, issue ofThe Journal(Questions and Answers<b>178</b>:445). While the consultant's reply states "detergents should not be used," he also mentions in a prior sentence, "it may well be that household detergents could be used as a satisfactory cleansing douche." I believe this latter quotation to be most emphatically incorrect and am replying to refute this assumption. It is well known that a "cleansing" douche should have a pH approximating that of the vaginal secretions, which during the reproductive years will fall within the range of from 4 to 5 pH units. This accounts for the use of vinegar (15 ml. diluted with water to 1 liter) as a universally accepted douche. Household detergents, liquid and dry
Social Effects of Fractures of the Neck of the Femur
Authors: T. G. Thomas, R. S. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1974)

One-hundred-and-five patients were visited at home one year or more after they had been treated for proximal femoral fractures to assess the extent to which their social independence had been affected by the incident. Since the accident 25% had become more dependent. The principal factors contributing to this outcome included established dependence, great age at the time of injury, and a poor clinical result. The implications for social services and community care of preventing social impairment justify a more comprehensive investigation. The need for close co-operation between orthopaedic surgeons and geriatricians, already widely acknowledged, is further emphasized.
Risk of Serious Infection Following Splenectomy
Authors: A. G. R. Lowdon, R. H. M. Stewart, W. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Vaccination against Measles MBRIIHUNA A similar reduction in incidence was shown among those children who were known to be in contact with measles in their own homes and presumably exposed to heavy infection.The attack rates in a representative sample of children exposed at home were 9% in the killed/live-vaccine group, 6%, in the live-vaccine group, and 83 % in the unvaccinated group.The Measles Vaccines Committee of the Medical Research Council thanks Mrs. A.
Prevention of Infection in Critically Ill Patients by Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
Authors: Franklin R. Cockerill, Sharon R. Muller, John P. Anhalt, H. Michael Marsh, Michael B. Farnell, Peter Mucha, Delmar J. Gillespie, Duane M. Ilstrup, Jeffrey J. Larson-Keller, Rodney L. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪Objective: To determine whether selective decontamination of the digestive tract using oral and nonabsorbable antimicrobial agents and parenteral cefotaxime prevents infection in critically ill patients. ▪Design: Randomized, controlled trial without blinding. ▪Setting: Surgical trauma and medical intensive care units in a tertiary referral hospital. ▪Patients: One hundred fifty patients admitted to surgical trauma and medical intensive care units during a 3-year interval, whose condition suggested a prolonged stay (> 3 days). ▪Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 75) that received cefotaxime, 1 g intravenously every 8 hours for the first 3 days only, and oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics (gentamicin, polymyxin, and nystatin by oral paste and oral liquid) for the entire stay in the intensive care unit. Control patients (n = 75) received usual care. ▪Measurements: The number of infections, total hospital days, and deaths, as well as the number of days in intensive care unit, were recorded. ▪Results: Control patients experienced more infections (36 compared with 12, P= 0.04), including bacteremias (14 compared with 4, P= 0.05) and pulmonary infections (14 compared with 4, P= 0.03). Although total hospital days, days in intensive care, and the overall death rate all were lower in the treatment group, these differences were not statistically significant. Clinically important complications of selective decontamination of the digestive tract were not encountered. ▪Conclusions: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract decreases subsequent infection rates, especially by gram-negative bacilli, in selected patients during long-term stays in the intensive care unit.
Atlas of Surgical Operations
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Many a father is pronounced passé by his child. Few are privileged to have the help of a talented son in becoming au courant. Father Zollinger is so blessed and, in volume 2 of<i>An Atlas of Surgical Operations</i>, the father-son combination ably continues the tradition of excellence that Dr. Elliott Cutler began with the senior author years ago. This new volume, describing both new and more complicated abdominal procedures, will appeal to senior residents or experienced practicing surgeons. Recognizing that a general surgeon should feel at ease inside blood vessels or the chest, it includes a few vascular and pulmonary operations. The choice of operations is, in general, good. Abdominal procedures, such as portacaval shunt and complex types of pancreatic surgery, are well covered. Coverage of vascular surgery is marginal, consisting only of abdominal aortic resection. It is surprising that common vascular emergencies, such as embolectomy, vena caval ligation
Molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and its premalignant precursor
Authors: W. Michael Kuehl, P. Leif Bergsagel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal tumor of plasma cells, and its development is preceded by a premalignant tumor with which it shares genetic abnormalities, including universal dysregulation of the cyclin D/retinoblastoma (cyclin D/RB) pathway. A complex interaction with the BM microenvironment, characterized by activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts, leads to lytic bone disease. Intratumor genetic heterogeneity, which occurs in addition to intertumor heterogeneity, contributes to the rapid emergence of drug resistance in high-risk disease. Despite recent therapeutic advances, which have doubled the median survival time, myeloma continues to be a mostly incurable disease. Here we review the current understanding of myeloma pathogenesis and insight into new therapeutic strategies provided by animal models and genetic screens.
Screening of Military Recruits for Hemoglobin Variants
Authors: David E. Uddin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Results of a survey for the incidence of hemoglobin variants occurring in Navy and Marine Corps black male recruits yielded an observed incidence of sickle cell trait as 8.02%. Sickle cell anemia or sickle cell disease was present in 0.2% of the recruits tested. Automated detection of hemoglobin S by the dithionite solubility test yields incidence results identical to those of hemoglobin electrophoresis. Preliminary testing for hemoglobin S alone is considered adequate for the purposes of occupational health safety but not for purposes of genetic counseling concerning hemoglobin variants. The results of this pilot study led to the introduction of testing all recruits for hemoglobin S at all Naval Training Centers and Marine Corps Recruit Depots.
Case of Aneurismal Dilatation of the Occipital Artery, Treated by Ligature of the Common Carotid
Authors: J. R. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE following case affords an example of arterial situation, and presents features of interest both a surgical point of viesw', which retsder it, in someshat detailed record.G. II., aged 37, carpenter, was brought to tember, I873.Hewas then suffering from a britit in the region of the mastoid process of the side, of the origin of which he gave the following account.months previously, ss-hile getting off an omnibus, head against the conductor's footboard, wound in the parietal region, about four inches above cess.He sas stunned by the blow, but soon wound dressed at a druggist's shop, and went after the fall, he began to notice a pulsating This was at first slight, but gradually and until, at the timewshen I saw him (four months heard through a stethoscope applied over the that made by the forcible blowing of a large occasionally into a kinsd of musical whistle.the arterial or aneurismal bruitit to which it has The noise could be heardsvith scarcely diminished part
Effects of Differences in Hospital Bed Scarcity on Type of Use
Authors: M. S. Feldstein
Journal: BMJ (1964)

bed availability data were supplied by the Ministry of Health, and cover beds included in the H.I.P.E., plus private and staff beds. Column 1 indicates that the Sheffield region has the smallest number of hospital beds per thousand population, only 4.6, while the Liverpool region has almost 50% more?some 6.8 beds per thousand population. Correspondingly, Column 2 shows that only 3.24 beds are used per thousand population in Sheffield while 5.33 beds are used in the Liverpool region. Total bed use is very much determined by total supply ; the correlation between the two sets of numbers is 0.84.
Equivalent Bronchodilation with Salbutamol Given via pMDI or Turbuhaler
Authors: ANDERS MELLÉN, PETER ARVIDSSON, MONA PALMQVIST, JAN LÖTVALL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Several breath-activated multidose powder devices for inhaled anti-asthma drugs are now available. Some of these inhalers have been argued to give higher drug deposition in the airways than conventional pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of salbutamol given via pMDI or Turbuhaler (both 100 μ g per inhalation). Adult asthmatic patients of either sex (n = 22) and with reversible airflow obstruction were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. On the study days, salbutamol was given with increasing doses (200 to 3,200 μ g cumulative) or placebo, via pMDI or Turbuhaler. A dose-related increase in FEV1 was observed after administration of salbutamol given via either device, versus placebo. The improvement in FEV1 was similar whether salbutamol was given via pMDI or Turbuhaler, at microgram equivalent doses. After a total cumulative dose of 3,200 μ g, mean FEV1 for Turbuhaler was 2.98 (change from baseline of 23.1%), for pMDI 2.93 (change from baseline of 23.6%), and for placebo 2.36 (change from baseline of 0.42%). Changes in potassium, glucose, and heart rate did not show any significant differences between pMDI and Turbuhaler. We conclude that the efficacy of salbutamol is comparable when the drug is given via the Turbuhaler or pMDI.