tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil cell death, activation and bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: A P Watt
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by chronic endobronchial bacterial infection and neutrophil mediated inflammation. Neutrophil apoptosis is essential for the resolution of inflammation. This study assessed the relationship between levels of neutrophil apoptosis and sputum microbiology in matched clinically stable patients with CF.Sputum was induced from 34 patients (nine with no Gram negative infection, 10 colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 with Burkholderia cenocepacia, and five with other infections). Apoptotic neutrophils measured by flow cytometric Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and morphology were similar in all groups.Patients infected with P aeruginosa or B cenocepacia had a significantly lower percentage of viable neutrophils in the sputum than those with no Gram negative infection (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.01, median (interquartile range (IQR)) 14.2% (9.4-21.6), 15.8% (12.3-19.5), and 48.4% (23.0-66.4); p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). They also had significantly higher levels of secondary necrotic granulocytes in sputum than patients with no Gram negative infection (Kruskal-Wallis p<0.0001, median (IQR) 55.5% (48.4-64.5), 50.4% (44.6-61.9), and 24.8% (14.4-30.5); p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils (x 10(6)/g sputum) in P aeruginosa infected patients (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.05, median (IQR) 6.3 (3.5-12.7)) and B cenocepacia infected patients (5.7 (1.5-14.5)) were significantly higher than in the group with no Gram negative infection (0.5 (0.5-4.3), p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively).These results suggest that cell death and clearance may be altered in patients with CF colonised with P aeruginosa and B cenocepacia compared with those with no Gram negative infection.
Adjuvant liver perfusion in colorectal cancer
Authors: I Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1978)

do influence secondary tumour formation and perhaps liver perfusion with heparin alone should have been used in the control group.The design of this trial will not allow us to distinguish between the actions of heparin and those of fluorouracil.Nevertheless, in spite of these criticisms, if the trends of the trial are confirmed it could form a basis to improve the outcome in patients with this common tumour.
Toxicity and Response of Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin or Cisplatin with Concurrent Chest Radiation Therapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase I Trial
Authors: John H. Heinzerling, Hak Choy, Randall S. Hughes, Ramaswamy Govindan, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Lee S. Schwartzberg, Guangbin Peng, Joseph Treat, Taylor Tran, Coleman Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
945-64 Repeated Standardized Exercise Testing in Cardiopulmonary Patients Using Implanted Hemodynamic Monitors
Authors: Ake Ohlsson, Rolf Nordlander, Lars Ryden, Hans A˚ström, Barbro Kjellstrom, Brian Lee, Mark Claxton, Frans Ottenhoff, Tom Bennett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a General Hospital
Authors: B. H. R. Stack
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In a survey of 71 new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in a general hospital the average interval between admission and diagnosis of tuberculosis (the diagnostic interval) ranged between 10 days for intrathoracic tuberculosis and 20 days for genitourinary tuberculosis. The average diagnostic interval was 10·9 days when tuberculosis was included in the initial differential diagnosis, and 22·8 days when other diagnoses were made. Undue delay in diagnosis occurred in 17 patients (24%). In eight this was due to failure to include tuberculosis in the initial differential diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis might have saved three of the five patients who died. In 21 patients (30%) a history of predisposing factors or associated illness was obtained. Ten of these had suffered from previous tuberculosis. The vital factor in diagnosis of tuberculosis in general hospital patients is consideration of this condition in the diagnosis of any unexplained illness, especially where a history of previous tuberculosis or a recognized predisposing factor is obtained.
Acetylcholine-induced reversal of canine and feline atrial myocardial depression during stretch, cardiac failure, and drug toxicity.
Authors: H Gelband, R J Myerburg, B F Hoffman, A L Bassett
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Microelectrode and isometric recording techniques were used to evaluate the effects of acetycholine (ACh) on depressed isolated preparations of dog and cat atrial muscle. Atrial muscles were maintained at 36-37 degrees C with warmed Tyrode's solution and were stimulated at frequencies of 30 or 60/min. Depolarization to resting potentials of approximately -50 mv was noted (1) after excessive stretch was applied, (2) in muscles obtained from cats in overt right heart failure, and (3) during exposure of the muscles to excessive concentrations of acetylstrophanthidin or lidocaine. Depolarized muscles demonstrated action potentials of smaller amplitude and rate of rise. Exposure to ACh (2.7 X 10(-6)M) had a minimal effect on resting potential in normal dog and cat atrial muscle and was accompanied by significant negative inotropic actions. The same concentration of ACh markedly increased resting potential and action potential amplitude and induced positive inotropic effects in depolarized muscles; these effects also occurred during beta-adrenergic blockade. We suggest that the positive inotropic effect of ACh in depressed muscles may result from (1) a more synchronous contraction of cells within each muscle, (2) recruitment of previously quiescent cells in contraction, (3) possibly increased calcium inflow in individual cells during depolarizations of greater magnitude, and (4) an increase in the number of interacting sites between actin and myosin after resting potential is improved.
The Oregon Health Plan: To Cover All Diagnostic Visits-Reply
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply  —I appreciate Dr Wopat's clarification of this issue. Given that Medicaid would pay for all initial diagnostic visits, the burden on physicians of failure to pay for treatments below the line would be even less than I described in my response to Dr Witten's letter.   This letter was shown to Dr Witten, who declined to reply. —Ed.
Thomas Allan Sanderson
Authors: Martin Eastwood
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer colonel Royal Army Medical Corps (b Edinburgh 1927; q Edinburgh 1952; AFOM, DTM&H, DObst RCOG, OStJ), died from carcinomatosis on 29 January 2006.



Figure 1



Allan Sanderson completed house posts in Edinburgh before emigrating to Bulawayo. He joined the Federal Army of Rhodesia and spent the remainder of his professional life in the British Army, with posts in Hong Kong, Scotland, and Iserlohn. Allan was truly an officer and a gentleman. He and his wife, Pat, retired to North Queensferry, Fife, and continued with charities, medical history, golf, bridge, dogs, and agreeable dinner parties. He survived an episode of Guillain-Barre syndrome and a self diagnosed aortic aneurysm. He leaves Pat, a daughter, and two grandsons.
Impaired growth hormone secretion in the adult population: relation to age and adiposity.
Authors: D Rudman, M H Kutner, C M Rogers, M F Lubin, G A Fleming, R P Bain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Growth hormone (GH) release was studied in adults of normal stature, ages 21-86 yr. The subjects were 85-115% of ideal body weight, between the 5th and 95th percentiles in height, and free of active or progressive disease. 9 to 12 individuals in each decade from thirds to ninth were evaluated. The following criteria of GH status were measured: serum GH concentration, analyzed by radioimmunoassay at half-hour intervals for 4 h after onset of sleep, and at 1-h intervals from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. in 52 subjects; daily retention of N, P, and K in response to 0.168 U human (h)GH/kg body wt3/4/day in 18 subjects; and plasma somatomedin C (SmC) level before and during exogenous hGH treatment in 18 subjects. All 10 individuals, 20-29 yr old, released substantial amounts of endogenous GH during both day and night (average peak serum GH obtained during day and night was 7.3 and 20.3 ng/ml, respectively); average plasma SmC was 1.43 U/ml (95% tolerance limits, 0.64-2.22 U/ml). There was no significant effect of exogenous hGH on elemental balances or on plasma SmC. In contrast, 6 of 12 individuals 60-79 yr old showed the following evidences of impaired GH release; peak waking and sleeping serum GH less than 4 ng/ml; plasma SmC less than 0.38 U/ml; a significant retention in N, P, and K; and a significant rise in plasma SmC, in response to exogenous hGH. Plasma SmC, serum GH during sleep, serum GH during the day, retentions of N, P, and K in response to exogenous hGH, and rise in plasma SmC in response to hGH were all intercorrelated (P less than 0.05). Plasma SmC less than 0.38 U/ml corresponded to peak nocturnal serum GH less than 4 ng/ml. The prevalence of plasma SmC less than 0.38 U/ml increased progressively from age 20 to 90: third decade, 0%; fourth, 11%; fifth, 20%; sixth, 22%; seventh, 42%; eight, 55%; and ninth, 55%. Within each decade, plasma SmC was inversely related to adiposity.
Strong reciprocity is not uncommon in the “wild”
Authors: W. G. Runciman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Guala is right to draw attention to the difficulty of extrapolating from the experimental evidence for weak or strong reciprocity to what is observed in the "wild." However, there may be more strong reciprocity in real-world communities than he allows for, as strikingly illustrated in the example of the Mafia.
Correlates of Red Blood Cell Deformability (RCD) in Severe Falciparum Malaria. The Effect of Thalassaemia Status and Parasite Biomass
Authors: A.C. Eziefula, N. Mwakisha, A. Macharia, T.N. Williams, K. Maitland, B. Lowe, A.M. Dondorp, C.R.J.C. Newton
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Book: Enterprising Women: The Garretts and their Circle
Authors: I. M Peat
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Elizabeth Crawford Francis Boutle, £20, pp 341 www.francisboutle.demon.co.uk Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ISBN 1 903427 12 6 Elizabeth Garrett (1836-1917) made no secret of her motive in choosing a career in medicine. Writing to her friend Dr Elizabeth Blackwell in 1861, she admitted being drawn by a strong conviction of its fitness for a woman, rather than by any personal bias, although later, to her surprise, she came to find medicine an absorbing interest and pursuit. Her desire was to attain professional status, above social criticism, with no loss of caste by association with trade, and allowing a good income, at a time when to become a wife or a governess was the chief … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in a Case of Hepatoblastoma
Authors: David A. Cory, Aslam R. Siddiqui, Mervyn D. Cohen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

CORY, DAVID A. M.D.; SIDDIQUI, ASLAM R. M.D.; COHEN, MERVYN D. M.B., CH.B. Author Information
Development of atopy and asthma: candidate environmental influences and important periods of exposure.
Authors: D B Peden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Atopy is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. Immune processes that lead to the development of antigen-specific IgE are essential to the development of atopy. This review examines the immune processes that are candidate targets for modulation by environmental agents; environmental and lifestyle factors that have been suggested as modulators of the development of atopy; and the impact of known environmental agents on atopic processes in the airway. The most important periods of immune development with regard to expression of atopy are likely during gestation and early childhood. A better understanding of which environmental agents are important, as well as the period of life during which these agents may exert an important effect, is essential to devising rational environmental avoidance strategies for at-risk populations.
The first two Japanese cases of severe type I congenital plasminogen deficiency with ligneous conjunctivitis: Successful treatment with direct thrombin inhibitor and fresh plasma
Authors: Takashi Suzuki, Junko Ikewaki, Hiroki Iwata, Yuichi Ohashi, Akitada Ichinose
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

A 71-year-old woman and her elder sister developed ligneous conjunctivitis after ocular surgery. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the proband and her sister had 6.6% and 8.1% of plasminogen activity, and 1.2 and 1.4 mg/dl of antigen, respectively. Thus, they were diagnosed as having severe type I plasminogen deficiency, for the first time, in Japan. DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analyses revealed that these two cases are homozygotes of a novel A-to-G mutation at the obligatory splicing acceptor site in intron-C. Both cases were satisfactorily treated with a direct thrombin inhibitor, topical Argatroban, and topical plasma obtained from their healthy family members.
Points: Blood counts and economics
Authors: G. J Harris
Journal: BMJ (1983)

503diagnosis and several more had raised blood pressure on admission to hospital.'In our series a low blood pressure or low pulse pressure was unusual, even in cases of severe aortic stenosis, although the pulse waveform was almost always abnormal.We believe that the coexistence of aortic stenosis and hyper- tension ismore than chance and it may be that raised systemic pressure accelerates wear of the aortic valve, especially if it is congenitally bicuspid.
BSE inquiry plays down errors
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Doctors, scientists, politicians, and civil servants have been criticised by a major UK government inquiry into the handling of the crisis surrounding bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

The 16 volume BSE inquiry, published last week, reported a catalogue of errors but is reluctant to apportion blame. The inquiry exposed flaws in the way that the government seeks scientific advice and communicates risk to the public.

Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers, the inquiry chairman, set the tone: “Much of the inquiry has been taken up with examining this question [Was BSE correctly handled?]. The processes of government have been subjected to public scrutiny, which I believe has been without precedent. We have concluded that, in general, our system of public administration has emerged with credit from the part of the BSE story that we have examined.

“Sound policy decisions were taken, both with a view to eradicating the animal disease and with a view to protecting humans against what was believed to be a remote risk of transmission.”

The subtext of the inquiry report, however, tells a …
Altered sulfhydryl reactivity of hemoglobins and red blood cell membranes in congenital heinz body hemolytic anemia
Authors: Harry S. Jacob, Michael C. Brain, John V. Dacie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The mechanisms of hemoglobin precipitation into Heinz bodies and hemolytic anemia that characterize congenital Heinz body hemolytic anemia (CHBHA) were studied in patients with the unstable hemoglobins, Köln (beta-98 valine --> methionine) and Hammersmith (beta-42 phenylalanine --> serine). The cysteines in the 93rd position of the beta-chains of CHBHA hemoglobins bound glutathione excessively in mixed disulfide linkage. The resulting diminished "free" GSH within the cell accelerated hexose monophosphate shunt metabolism. The unique precipitability of CHBHA hemoglobins when heated at 50 degrees C could be induced in normal hemoglobin A by artificially blockading its sulfhydryl groups with paramercuribenzoate (PMB). Reflecting the previously reported excessive flux of hemes from hemoglobin Köln, the expected heme/globin ratio in this hemoglobin was reduced by 30%. The further increment in heme loss that occurs with heat (50 degrees C) underlies the unique heat precipitability of CHBHA hemoglobins; it was retarded if detachment of heme was inhibited by cyanide or carbon monoxide.Heinz bodies were attached to red cell membrane thiol groups presumably through mixed disulfide bonds, being released by mercaptoethanol. Binding of hemoglobin Köln-(59)Fe to red cell ghosts, which was markedly enhanced when Heinz bodies were generated at 50 degrees C, was inhibited if membrane thiols were preblockaded by PMB. The depletion of membrane thiols by their reaction with Heinz bodies rendered CHBHA red cells hypersusceptible to membrane sulfhydryl inhibitors, as manifested by inordinate cation leakage, osmotic fragility, and autohemolysis. We conclude that both cellular and membrane thiols bind beta-93 sulfhydryls of CHBHA hemoglobins as mixed disulfides. Concomitantly, heme avidity to beta-92 lessens, suggesting that degradation of the resulting excessively freed heme may produce the pigmented dipyrroluria of this syndrome. Heinz bodies, reflecting the heightend precipitability of heme-deficient globin, attach to, thereby depleting, membrane sulfhydryl groups. This, as shown previously, could underlie the hemolytic anemia of this syndrome by causing membrane hyperpermeability, premature splenic entrapment, and ultimately osmotic destruction of red blood cells.
A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1110?1115
Authors: L SHER
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

There has been limited study of the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and their impact on the quality of life (QOL) in kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of gastrointestinal symptoms and the association with QOL in kidney transplant recipients.All chronic kidney transplant recipients at the Princess Alexandra Hospital were provided with 3 questionnaires, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS), and Structured Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (SAGIS) scale, to ascertain QOL impairment and to screen gastrointestinal symptom severity. Linear regression was used to determine the predictors of gastrointestinal QOL and gastrointestinal symptom severity.Of the 343 participants, the median age was 47 (interquartile range [IQR] 36–55) years, 58% were men, 79% were white, 39% had chronic glomerulonephritis, 83% had received their first graft, and median time since transplant was 6.3 (IQR 1.8–13.1) years. Using GSRS, 88% of participants reported at least 1 gastrointestinal symptom, most commonly indigestion (57%) and diarrhea (54%). Using GIQLI, 42% and 38% of participants reported mild and moderate QOL impairment, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were predicted by female sex (coefficient −0.11, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.02) and mycophenolate (coefficient 0.0001, 95% CI 0.0001 to 0.0002), and were associated with poorer QOL (coefficient −0.38, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.30). Similar findings were observed using SAGIS for gastrointestinal symptoms.Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in kidney transplant recipients, particularly in women and those receiving mycophenolate, and are strongly associated with poorer QOL.
Effect of Choline and Inositol on Plasma and Tissue Lipids and on Spontaneous and Stilbestrol-Induced Atherosclerosis in the Chick
Authors: J. STAMLER, C. BOLENE, R. HARRIS, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The lipotropic factors choline and inositol fail to influence cholesterolemia, lipemia, tissue lipid concentrations, spontaneous and stilbestrol-induced atherosclerosis in the chick.
THE ROLE OF INTRAAORTIC BALLOON PUMP AS A BRIDGE TO DECISION FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STAGE HEART FAILURE DUE TO IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: John Terrovitis, Argyrios Ntalianis, Elisavet Kaldara, John Kanakakis, Panagiotis Siskas, Michael Bonios, Styliani Vakrou, Christos Kapelios, Evangelos Repasos, Dimitrios Kontoyannis, John Nanas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
P140Ischemia reperfusion injury and resulting progressive kidney fibrosis are attenuated by complement deficiency
Authors: A Thorenz, R Chen, S Rong, M Jang, P Dutow, H Haller, A Klos, F Gueler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and is a relevant complication in major cardiac surgery. In addition AKI is frequent in solid organ transplantation (tx): after lung tx the incidence is 50% and after heart tx with 75% even higher. AKI increases morbidity and mortality and contributes to the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). During AKI the complement cascade is activated rapidly and subsequent myeloid cells infiltrate the kidney. The infiltrating cells as well as resident kidney cells express complement receptors activated by C3a and C5a. In this study, we present the distinct role of complement factors and their receptors in an IRI mouse model. Methods: Renal IRI was induced in mice deficient for C5aR, C3 and C5L2 and in wild type (WT; C57Bl/6) control mice by transient unilateral clipping of the right renal pedicle for 45 min. The renal morphology, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers and infiltrating leukocytes, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed four weeks after injury induction. Results: Renal IRI caused severe inflammation and fibrosis in addition to loss of peritubular capillaries with severley impaired renal microcirculation in WT mice. Complement deficiency reduced the tubulointerstitial fibrosis markedly. Especially, C5L2 deficient mice had less fibrosis and collagen deposition compared to WT mice. C3 deficient mice showed less tubular atrophy and fibrosis as well. Moreover, inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly decreased in all types of complement deficient mice compared to WT controls. Conclusion: C3 and also C5L2 deficiency attenuated IRI and chronic kidney disease and complement inhibition might be a promising therapeutic target to prevent early inflammation as well as later fibrosis.
Reduced Accumulation of Technetium-99m MDP in the Leg Related to Vascular Occlusion
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, HAMEED U. PERACHA, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

In a 64-year-old woman with joint pain, a Tc-99m MDP bone scan revealed sharply decreased uptake of radiotracer in the entire right leg (from acetabular area to the foot). The right foot was cool. A subsequent angiogram confirmed the presence of emboli, with reduced blood flow. Reduced uptake of the bone agent was the initial indicator of an impaired blood supply to the leg.
Thallium-201 Uptake in the Orbits
Authors: HATICE DURAK, ISMET DURAK, ERKAN DEREBEK, S??LEYMAN KAYNAK, ELVAN METIN, MEHMET ERGIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Thallium-201 uptake patterns in the orbits are not widely known. Diffuse, bilateral orbital localization of TI-201 chloride may be an incidental finding because of orbital muscle or other soft tissue uptake. Differences in orbital blood flow and soft tissue mass may be the causes of the varying uptake intensities in most cases. Focal uptakes, even when bilateral, may indicate specific pathology and should be investigated. Sample cases are presented.
369 PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF SIROLIMUS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: T. Decaens, A. Hulin, M. Hurtova, A. Luciani, E. Itti, A. Laurent, D. Cherqui, A. Mallat, C. Duvoux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)