tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What is the contribution of differences in three measures of tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity to insulin resistance in healthy volunteers?
Authors: I Zavaroni, F Numeroso, P Dongiovanni, D Ardigö, L Valenti, A.L Fracanzani, S Valtuen̂a, R Delsignore, S Fargion, G.M Reaven
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
The Importance of Randomized Controlled Trials in Pediatric Cardiology
Authors: Samuel S. Gidding
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Oncology at a USAF Regional Hospital
Authors: Norman H. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Medical oncology, a subspecialty of internal medicine, has increasing relevance to the practice of Air Force medicine because of the rapidly expanding population of military retirees and their dependents, as evidenced by the medical oncology program at the USAF Regional Hospital, Carswell Air Force Base. Eighty-one percent of the 79 patients managed in this series had this eligibility. The advantages of regional care, both to the patient and the USAF hospital system, are significant. An oncologist should be assigned to a hospital where his skills can be most effectively utilized in the care of the patient with advanced cancer.
The Relation between Recombination Rate and Patterns of Molecular Evolution and Variation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: José L. Campos, Daniel L. Halligan, Penelope R. Haddrill, Brian Charlesworth
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Genetic recombination associated with sexual reproduction increases the efficiency of natural selection by reducing the strength of Hill-Robertson interference.Such interference can be caused either by selective sweeps of positively selected alleles or by background selection (BGS) against deleterious mutations.Its consequences can be studied by comparing patterns of molecular evolution and variation in genomic regions with different rates of crossing over.We carried out a comprehensive study of the benefits of recombination in Drosophila melanogaster, both by contrasting five independent genomic regions that lack crossing over with the rest of the genome and by comparing regions with different rates of crossing over, using data on DNA sequence polymorphisms from an African population that is geographically close to the putatively ancestral population for the species, and on sequence divergence from a related species.We observed reductions in sequence diversity in noncrossover (NC) regions that are inconsistent with the effects of hard selective sweeps in the absence of recombination.Overall, the observed patterns suggest that the recombination rate experienced by a gene is positively related to an increase in the efficiency of both positive and purifying selection.The results are consistent with a BGS model with interference among selected sites in NC regions, and joint effects of BGS, selective sweeps, and a past population expansion on variability in regions of the genome that experience crossing over.In such crossover regions, the X chromosome exhibits a higher rate of adaptive protein sequence evolution than the autosomes, implying a Faster-X effect.
The NPM-ALK oncoprotein abrogates CD30 signaling and constitutive NF-κB activation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Ryouichi Horie, Mariko Watanabe, Takaomi Ishida, Tsukasa Koiwa, Shigemi Aizawa, Kinji Itoh, Masaaki Higashihara, Marshall E Kadin, Toshiki Watanabe
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Relative performance of four second generation flexible endoscopic notes closure techniques (FECT's)
Authors: M Perez-Miranda, F Gonzalez-Huix, M Goyeneche, C Dolz, D Juzgado, P Gonzalez-Carro, J Espinos, F Igea, E Vazquez-Sequeiros, F Perez-Duarte
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Aim: To assess efficacy, difficulty and reproducibility of four FECTs, qualified by a) performability with available devices through a flexible endoscope; b) feasibility and potential already shown; and c) lack of prior formal comparisons.
What Are We Teaching About Indigent Patients?
Authors: John R. Stram
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I can't help but echo the comments of Dr Miles in his essay, "What Are We Teaching About Indigent Patients?"<sup>1</sup>As a 20-year practitioner in one of the country's most conservative states, I continue to be frustrated by the inability to obtain ophthalmologic surgery, advanced radiologic imaging studies, or even hospitalization for surgery to be done without charge for the underinsured and uninsured. The unwillingness of colleagues to undertake surgery or treatment of the poor has received tacit endorsement of the physician's rights to be independent in a state whose motto is "Live Free or Die." Unlike Miles' experience, however, the largest teaching institution and private clinic within the state has always been available to diagnose and treat the indigent according to their medical needs. Freedom from the ethical restraints over advertising, collegial endorsement of acquisitiveness, and specialty peer group endorsement of the flight from obligation
SDH Mutations Establish a Hypermethylator Phenotype in Paraganglioma
Authors: Eric Letouzé, Cosimo Martinelli, Céline Loriot, Nelly Burnichon, Nasséra Abermil, Chris Ottolenghi, Maxime Janin, Mélanie Menara, An Thach Nguyen, Paule Benit, Alexandre Buffet, Charles Marcaillou, Jérôme Bertherat, Laurence Amar, Pierre Rustin, Aurélien De Reyniès, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Judith Favier
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Residual β-Cell Function in Children With IDDM: Reproducibility of Testing and Factors Influencing Insulin Secretory Reserve
Authors: Cheril Clarson, Denis Daneman, Allan L Drash, Dorothy J Becker, Robert M Ehrlich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Reproducibility of C-peptide secretion was assessed in 20 children (group 1) by their responses to two Sustacal- (a mixed liquid meal) stimulation tests performed 7–14 days apart. For the 12 C-peptide-positive children (basal C-peptide ≥0.03 pmol/ml) there were no differences in the basal or stimulated values between tests 1 and 2. The effect of exogenous insulin on C-peptide secretion was assessed in 20 other children (group 2) by their responses to two Sustacal tests, one test without and one with soluble insulin (0.25 U/kg) injected subcutaneously before testing. Eleven children were C-peptide positive and had no differences in C-peptide response between tests 1 and 2. The results from test 1 in groups 1 and 2 were combined with those from 44 others undergoing a single Sustacal test (group 3, N = 84). There was a close correlation between basal and peak C-peptide concentrations in the 44 C-peptide-positive children (r = .88, P &amp;lt; .001). Peak C-peptide concentrations correlated inversely with HbA1 (r = −.29, P &amp;lt; .01), insulin dose in units per kilogram (r = −.40, P &amp;lt; .001), and duration of diabetes (r = .33, P &amp;lt; .001) and positively with age at onset of diabetes (r = .34, P &amp;lt; .001). The C-peptide-positive children had reduced glucose response to Sustacal, lower HbA1 concentration, lower insulin requirement, later age of onset, and shorter duration of diabetes than children who were C-peptide negative.
Oxidant injury of lung parenchymal cells.
Authors: W J Martin, J E Gadek, G W Hunninghake, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Hyperoxia and paraquat ingestion are two clinical examples of lung injury thought to be mediated by oxidant mechanisms. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay using freshly explanted 51Cr-labeled lung tissue as the target was used to quantify the ability of hyperoxia and paraquat to directly injure lung parenchymal cells in an environment where indirect mechanisms such as recruitment of inflammatory cells were not possible. There are clear species differences in the susceptibility of lung parenchyma to direct injury by hyperoxia (95% O2) and paraquat (10 microM--10 mM) for 18 h at 37 degrees C, with human and rat lung being more sensitive than rabbit lung. Oxygen radical inhibitors, particularly catalase (1,100 U/ml) and alpha-tocopherol (10 micrograms/ml), reduced hyperoxia and paraquat-induced lung injury, although their ability to do so depended on the oxidant and the species. The simultaneous use of hyperoxia and paraquat accelerated the in vitro lung parenchymal cell injury in each species tested. These studies demonstrate that both oxygen and paraquat can directly injure the cells of the lower respiratory tract without enlisting the aid of additional blood-derived inflammatory cells. In addition, the 51Cr-labeled lung explant assay used for these studies allows for the quantitative assessment of direct lung cell injury and thus may prove useful as an in vitro model by which to investigate lung injury of other etiologies.
Effects of Increased Ventilatory Drive on Motor Unit Firing Rates in Human Inspiratory Muscles
Authors: SIMON C. GANDEVIA, ROBERT B. GORMAN, DAVID K. McKENZIE, ANDRÉ DE TROYER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

This study was designed to determine whether increased neural drive increases firing rates of inspiratory motoneurons uniformly in humans. The discharge of single motor units in the diaphragm, parasternal intercostal and scalene muscles was recorded with monopolar electrodes. Ventilation was increased threefold with an external dead space. The discharge of 516 motor units was sampled in four subjects. All but 4 units increased their discharge rate during inspiration with only 46 discharging tonically during expiration. With increased dead space, discharge frequencies of diaphragmatic motor units increased from 11.0 +/- 2.7 to 17.7 +/- 3.3 Hz (mean +/- SD; p < 0.001). However, firing rates increased for parasternal intercostals from 10.0 +/- 1.6 to only 11.9 +/- 1.9 Hz (p < 0.001), and for scalenes from 8.7 +/- 1.8 to only 9.5 +/- 1.2 Hz (p < 0.05). Proportionate increases in rib cage and abdominal expansion accompanied the increased ventilation with added dead space. These results suggest that previously reported predominant increase in firing rates of diaphragmatic motor units in patients with chronic airflow limitation reflects the normal response of respiratory motor output to increased neural drive. The motoneuron pools of the parasternal intercostals and scalenes may show more prominent recruitment than frequency modulation.
Hemoperfusion in Drug Overdose
Authors: Michael C. Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Accidental or intentional drug or poison intoxication is a serious medical problem in the United States and Europe. Self-poisoning accounts for approximately 20% of all medical emergency admissions to hospitals in the United Kingdom. In the United States, there are about 2 million poisonings each year, with 400 deaths in children.  Out of this vast exposure, a number of guiding principles have emerged for the care of patients with drug overdose. One of these principles is that the overwhelming majority of these patients can be treated conservatively. Indeed, the overall mortality with such treatment has been reported to be less than 1%. 1 Nevertheless, mortality remains excessively high in patients who are deeply comatose (stage IV) on or after arrival at the hospital. In these patients the mortality is 34%, despite intensive care management. 2 Mortality also remains unacceptably high in patients severely intoxicated with digoxin. 3 Elsewhere in this
PRIMARY PAPILLOMA AND PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE.
Authors: EMIL RIES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The two cases which I present here were operated on by Dr. T. J. Watkins, who kindly offered them to me for pathologic examination. They are of great clinical as well as pathologic interest, one case indeed being unique in its kind. Only six cases of primary papilloma of the tube are contained in the literature, the present being the seventh case. Of primary carcinoma of the tube the tables of Doran<sup>1</sup>and of Saenger<sup>2</sup>contain nineteen cases, the present being the twentieth. I. Primary papilloma of the tube. Secondary papilloma of both ovaries. Repeated vaginal drainage for purulent salpingitis, at last salpingo-oöphorectomy by laparotomy. Recovery. Good health fifteen months after the operation. <h3>Clinical history.</h3> —Patient, 34 years old, gives a history of inflammatory disease of the pelvic organs after a miscarriage in her twenty-ninth year, from which she recovered perfectly. In her thirtieth year she suffered some
The Affective Dimension of Laboratory Dyspnea
Authors: Robert B. Banzett, Sarah H. Pedersen, Richard M. Schwartzstein, Robert W. Lansing
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: It is hypothesized that the affective dimension of dyspnea (unpleasantness, emotional response) is not strictly dependent on the intensity of dyspnea.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that the ratio of immediate unpleasantness (A1) to sensory intensity (SI) varies depending on the type of dyspnea.Methods: Twelve healthy subjects experienced three stimuli: stimulus 1: maximal eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea against inspiratory resistance, requiring 15 times the work of resting breathing; stimulus 2: PetCO2 6.1 mm Hg above resting with ventilation restricted to less than spontaneous breathing; stimulus 3: PetCO2 7.7 mm Hg above resting with ventilation further restricted. After each trial, subjects rated SI, A1, and qualities of dyspnea on the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP), a comprehensive instrument tested here for the first time.Measurements and Main Results: Stimulus 1 was always limited by subjects failing to meet a higher ventilation target; none signaled severe discomfort. This evoked work and effort sensations, with relatively low unpleasantness (mean A1/SI = 0.64). Stimulus 2, titrated to produce dyspnea ratings similar to those subjects gave during stimulus 1, evoked air hunger and produced significantly greater unpleasantness (mean A1/SI = 0.95). Stimulus 3, increased until air hunger was intolerable, evoked the highest intensity and unpleasantness ratings and high unpleasantness ratio (mean A1/SI = 1.09). When asked which they would prefer to repeat, all subjects chose stimulus 1.Conclusions: (1) Maximal respiratory work is less unpleasant than moderately intense air hunger in this brief test; (2) unpleasantness of dyspnea can vary independently from perceived intensity, consistent with the prevailing model of pain; (3) separate dimensions of dyspnea can be measured with the MDP.
Does the jet of acid emerging through the pylorus determine the site of duodenal bulbar ulcers?
Authors: R M Kirk
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Ascites and Renal Failure in Primary Liver Cell Carcinoma Ascites appears in 50-75% of patients with primary liver cell carcinoma (P.L.C.C.)' but there have been few investigations of its cause.We studied 25 patients with P.L.C.C. and ascites to assess any renal disturbances present.
Abstract LB-127: HTLV-1 Tax inflicts severe DNA damage through the activation of nitric oxide production: A credible pathway for transformation of HTLV-1 infected cells.
Authors: Hicham Baydoun, Lee Ratner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive and fatal malignancy of CD4+ T-lymphocytes associated with HTLV-1 infection, and an effective treatment is not yet available. The exact molecular mechanism underlying ATLL has not been fully elucidated. Although the activation of cell proliferation and inhibition of tumor suppressors are considered key contributors to the leukemogenesis process, the accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability are believed to be the driving force for tumorigenesis and are known to be a hallmark of cancer cells. How genomic instability accumulates in cancer remains an elusive question. One of the most serious forms of genomic instability is DNA Double Strand Breaks (DDSB) because they pose problems for transcription, replication and chromosome segregation. We have recently shown that the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax induces DDSB. In addition, Tax has been found to constitutively activate the key T-cell inflammatory pathway, NF-kB, and this activation is critical for the leukemogenic process associated with HTLV-1 infection. In the present study, we investigated whether any of the NF-kB target genes is critical in inducing DDSB. Of note, we found that the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme that catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) in T-cells, is a target of the NF-kB pathway and is highly expressed in HTLV-1 and Tax expressing cells. Nitric oxide is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes and is a part of the network of reactive species that inflict DNA damage as a defense mechanism after infection. Interestingly, our results show a correlation between the number of DDSB and the production of NO in tumors isolated from Tax transgenic mice. We also observed a dramatic reduction of DDSB when NO production was inhibited, indicating that Tax induces DNA damage through the activation of NO. Determination of the impact of NO on tumors in an ATLL mouse model will open a new area in the development of alternative strategies for the treatment/prevention of ATLL, and the conclusions will be directly relevant to a better understanding of many types of cancer. Citation Format: Hicham Baydoun, Lee Ratner. HTLV-1 Tax inflicts severe DNA damage through the activation of nitric oxide production: A credible pathway for transformation of HTLV-1 infected cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-127
Nod1 and Nod2 signaling does not alter the composition of intestinal bacterial communities at homeostasis
Authors: Susan J. Robertson, Jun Yu Zhou, Kaoru Geddes, Stephen J. Rubino, Joon Ho Cho, Stephen E. Girardin, Dana J. Philpott
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) harbour intestinal bacterial communities with altered composition compared with healthy counterparts; however, it is unknown whether changes in the microbiota are associated with genetic susceptibility of individuals for developing disease or instead reflect other changes in the intestinal environment related to the disease itself. Since deficiencies in the innate immune receptors Nod1 and Nod2 are linked to IBD, we tested the hypothesis that Nod-signaling alters intestinal immune profiles and subsequently alters bacterial community structure. We used qPCR to analyze expression patterns of selected immune mediators in the ileum and cecum of Nod-deficient mice compared with their Nod-sufficient littermates and assessed the relative abundance of major bacterial groups sampled from the ileum, cecum and colon. The Nod1-deficient ileum exhibited significantly lower expression of Nod2, Muc2, α- and β-defensins and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), suggesting a weakened epithelial barrier compared with WT littermates; however, there were no significant differences in the relative abundance of targeted bacterial groups, indicating that Nod1-associated immune differences alone do not promote dysbiosis. Furthermore, Nod2-deficient mice did not display any changes in the expression of immune markers or bacterial communities. Shifts in bacterial communities that were observed in this study correlated with housing conditions and were independent of genotype. These findings emphasize the importance of using F2 littermate controls to minimize environmental sources of variation in microbial analyses, to establish baseline conditions for host-microbe homeostasis in Nod-deficient mice and to strengthen models for testing factors contributing to microbial dysbiosis associated with IBD.
Abstract 862: Expression of the fat-1 gene retards the growth of cervical cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Kyu Lim, Kyoung-Sub Song, Soyeon Shin, Nayeong Kim, Soyeon Jeong, Jun-Young Heo, Ji-Hoon Park, Kang-Sik Seo, Hyun-Joo Kwon, Hae-Duck Park, Yifan Dai, Jong-Il Park, Seung-Kiel Park, Gi-Ryang Kweon, Wan-Hee Yoon, Byung-Doo Hwang, Kaipeng Jing
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) are known to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells; in contrast, ω6-PUFAs promote the growth of cancer cells. The fat-1 gene of the Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a ω3-desaturase that catalyzes the conversion ω6-PUFAs to ω3-PUFAs and then increases the amount of ω3-PUFAs. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of fat-1 gene expression on HeLa and SiHa human cervical cancer cells. Fat-1 gene stable cell lines (f-HeLa and f-SiHa) were established from HeLa and SiHa cells, respectively. The expression of fat-1 gene significantly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and f-HeLa cells showed an increase in the proportion of cells in G2/M phase comparing with the cells expressing the control vector (c-HeLa). In addition, when treating HeLa cells with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an enhanced proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was also observed, indicating that fat-1 gene inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation by inducing a G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest. Furthermore, transwell migration assay for invasion showed a reduction of cell migration in the f-HeLa cells when compared with the c-HeLa cells. Finally, the growth of f-HeLa cells in vivo was significantly reduced comparing with the c-HeLa cells when inoculated into nude mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of fat-1 gene prevents cervical tumor growth and indicate a cancer therapeutic approach of the ω3-PUFAs. Therefore, a stable cell line of fat-1 gene is useful to study the anti-cancer effects of ω3-PUFAs. [This research was supproted by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (E00026 and R13-2007-020-01000-0)]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 862. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-862