tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ionic Remodeling Underlying Action Potential Changes in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lixia Yue, Jianlin Feng, Rania Gaspo, Gui-Rong Li, Zhiguo Wang, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Rapid electrical activation, as occurs during atrial fibrillation (AF), is known to cause reductions in atrial refractoriness and in adaptation to heart rate of the atrial refractory period, which promote the maintenance of AF, but the underlying ionic mechanisms are unknown. In order to determine the cellular and ionic changes caused by chronic atrial tachycardia, we studied right atrial myocytes from dogs subjected to 1, 7, or 42 days of atrial pacing at 400/min and compared them with myocytes from sham-operated dogs (pacemaker inserted but not activated). Rapid pacing led to progressive increases in the duration of AF induced by bursts of 10-Hz stimuli (from 3±2 seconds in sham-operated dogs to 3060±707 seconds in dogs after 42 days of pacing, P &lt;.001) and reduced atrial refractoriness and adaptation to rate of the atrial refractory period. Voltage-clamp studies showed that chronic rapid pacing did not alter inward rectifier K + current, rapid or slow components of the delayed rectifier current, the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current, T-type Ca 2+ current, or Ca 2+ -dependent Cl − current. In contrast, the densities of transient outward current ( I to ) and L-type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca ) were progressively reduced as the duration of rapid pacing increased, without concomitant changes in kinetics or voltage dependence. In keeping with in vivo changes in refractoriness, action potential duration (APD) and APD adaptation to rate were decreased by rapid pacing. The response of the action potential and ionic currents flowing during the action potential (as exposed by action-potential voltage clamp) to nifedipine in normal canine cells and in cells from rapidly paced dogs suggested that the APD changes in paced dogs were largely due to reductions in I Ca . We conclude that sustained atrial tachycardia reduces I to and I Ca , that the reduced I Ca decreases APD and APD adaptation to rate, and that these cellular changes likely account for the alterations in atrial refractoriness associated with enhanced ability to maintain AF in the model.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF CONCEPTION
Authors: Edward T. Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Medical research in the past few decades has made great strides, and as a result many physiological and pathological processes have been clarified to a remarkable degree. Yet, some of the most basic biological phenomena have stubbornly resisted laboratory and clinical investgation, with real progress occurring only in slow and painstaking stages. In this class is the phenomenon of human reproduction. Although there have been numerous and varied recent attempts to elaborate on the mechanism of this complicated process, there is much that is still obscure. This report reviews certain of the known aspects of normal reproduction and attempts to correlate these with a number of conditions found in clinical infertility.  In the male, endocrine stimulation from the anterior pituitary is responsible for normal testicular function, including the production of male sex hormone or hormones and sperm. The pituitary follicle-stimulating fraction (F. S. H.), under hypothalamic influence, is believed to
Functional metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 are expressed in murine podocytes
Authors: Leyi Gu, Xinyue Liang, Lihua Wang, Yucheng Yan, Zhaohui Ni, Huili Dai, Jiayuan Gao, Shan Mou, Qin Wang, Xinyu Chen, Liming Wang, Jiaqi Qian
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
OUTPATIENT COMPLIANCE WITH PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A REPORT OF THE FIRST 14,000+ PATIENTS FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY’S IC3 (IMPROVING CONTINUOUS CARDIAC CARE) PROGRAM
Authors: Paul Chan, Stuart Winston, Donna Buchanan, Fran F. Fiocchi, Fengming Tang, Kristi Mitchell, Tracie Breeding, William J. Oetgen, John S. Rumsfeld, Carole Decker, John A. Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Hypoplastic Anemia and Myeloblastic Leukemia Following Chloramphenicol Therapy
Authors: Mark J. Brauer, William Dameshek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A PATHOGENIC relation between aplastic anemia and myeloblastic leukemia has long been suspected. It is well known that certain agents capable of producing aplastic anemia in man can also induce leukemia. Prime examples are benzene1 , 2 and irradiation.3 , 4 In addition, cases of leukemia developing during the course of hereditary hypoplastic syndromes have been recorded.5 , 6 The broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol7 8 9 has become the most commonly cited cause of acquired aplastic anemia. To date, only 1 case report of acute myeloblastic leukemia following aplasia secondary to chloramphenicol administration has been published.10 The purpose of this communication is to present 2 additional cases of chloramphenicol-induced . . .
Mining Gene Expression Profiles: An Integrated Implementation of Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Ferran Reverter, Esteban Vegas, Pedro Sánchez
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract The detection of genes that show similar profiles under different experimental conditions is often an initial step in inferring the biological significance of such genes. Visualization tools are used to identify genes with similar profiles in microarray studies. Given the large number of genes recorded in microarray experiments, gene expression data are generally displayed on a low dimensional plot, based on linear methods. However, microarray data show nonlinearity, due to high-order terms of interaction between genes, so alternative approaches, such as kernel methods, may be more appropriate. We introduce a technique that combines kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and Biplot to visualize gene expression profiles. Our approach relies on the singular value decomposition of the input matrix and incorporates an additional step that involves KPCA. The main properties of our method are the extraction of nonlinear features and the preservation of the input variables (genes) in the output display. We apply this algorithm to colon tumor, leukemia and lymphoma datasets. Our approach reveals the underlying structure of the gene expression profiles and provides a more intuitive understanding of the gene and sample association.
A hypoallergenic cat vaccine based on Fel d 1–derived peptides fused to hepatitis B PreS
Authors: Katarzyna Niespodziana, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Birgit Linhart, Vera Civaj, Katharina Blatt, Peter Valent, Marianne van Hage, Hans Grönlund, Rudolf Valenta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Health department economy
Authors: H. Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (1969)

done on problems of bacteriology and virology.The advantage of the Antarctic is not only the cold environment but that there is at each base a population of healthy young men who can be observed continuously over a period of a year.In addition to studies of the effects of the environment it is frequently possible to make serial observa- tions of a kind which would be difficult to do in, for example, Great Britain.These conditions have provided the back- ground for work in nutrition and energy expenditure, cold exposure and acclimatiza- tion, sleep and circadian rhythms, bacterio- logy, and virology, besides less sophisticated studies of wound healing, nail and hair growth, and dental problems.The Survey has been assisted in pro- moting this work by the Division of Human Physiology of the National Institute for Medical Research, and I am happy to say that many of our doctors have obtained an M.D. as a result.
"Saviour sibling" is born after embryo selection in the United States
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The birth of what has been described as Britain's first saviour sibling has renewed pressure on UK authorities to allow selection of embryos on the basis that they may help save the life of an already born brother or sister.

The birth of Jamie Whitaker at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital has reignited the ethical debate over whether it is right to select an embryo that is compatible with an older, sick sibling and to use its cord blood as a reservoir of stem cells for the sick child.

Jamie's brother, Charlie, aged 4, has Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, and the only hope of successful treatment is a transplantation of stem cells from the cord blood of a perfect tissue match or a bone marrow transplantation from a matched donor.

The parents, Michelle and Jayson Whitaker, …
Methods used by general practitioners in developmental screening of preschool children.
Authors: D J Bain
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A study of the methods used by 20 general practitioners to perform developmental screening examinations of preschool children showed that routine physical examination was adequately performed but at the expense of additional tests of child development. A total of 348 children were examined by either a doctor (144 cases) or a health visitor (90), or both (114). The degree of participation by health visitors suggests that developmental screening need not necessarily be the sole responsibility of doctors, and health visitors should have training opportunities as they have an important contribution to make in this area of child care. Some omissions in testing hearing, vision, and language were clearly due to conflicting demands on the general practitioners9 time, but some tests were not performed because the doctors doubted their value. Nevertheless, too many children still enter school with hearing, visual, and speech handicaps that could have been easily identified. If preventive medicine is to become an increasing component of general practice, the methods used by doctors and health visitors must be scrutinised before attempting to evaluate the outcome of large-scale screening programmes.
Blood Pressure Reduction Is Not the Only Determinant of Outcome
Authors: Peter S. Sever, Neil R. Poulter
Journal: Circulation (2006)

hether certain classes of antihypertensive drugs confer benefits beyond those associated with lowering blood pressure remains a highly controversial issue.Data from several meta-analyses have been used to support the notion that most, if not all, of the cardiovascular benefits reported with the use of different classes of antihypertensive drugs are simply a consequence of the extent to which they lower blood pressure.However, we submit evidence in this review that the diverse pharmacological actions of several antihypertensive medications may have benefits beyond their blood pressure-lowering effects and that, in the case of certain classes of drugs, notably ␤-blockers, adverse metabolic effects of these drugs may actually mitigate the potential benefits of blood pressure lowering. The Early Placebo-Controlled Hypertension Trials and the Shortfall in Coronary Heart Disease PreventionThe early placebo-controlled trials of the treatment of hypertension, several of which were undertaken in high-risk patient populations, provided convincing evidence for substantial reductions in the risk of stroke but little or no evidence for benefits on coronary heart disease (CHD) events. [1]2][3][4][5][6] However, the design, numbers of patients recruited, and event rates in individual trials provided inadequate power to eval-uate the impact of treatment on CHD events.In only 1 trial, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Programme (HDFP), 7 was a reduction in CHD events observed in those assigned "special care" compared with those assigned "usual care."The conduct of this particular trial, however, differed from the other early trials in that those in the special care group would have been likely to benefit from more comprehensive intervention on other cardiovascular risk factors.In the first meta-analysis of the placebo-controlled trials of antihypertensive drug therapy, 8 HDFP was excluded, presumably because the authors of the meta-analysis considered that outcome benefits could have occurred independently of blood pressure reduction.In subsequent meta-analyses, however, for reasons that are unclear, HDFP was included. 9 From observational studies 10,11 (Figure 1), it was possible to estimate the potential cardiovascular risk reduction associated with a blood pressure difference of 10 -to 12-mm Hg systolic and 5-to 6 -mm Hg diastolic pressure, the average reduction in blood pressure observed in the early trials.In the case of stroke, the relative risk reduction of 42% observed in the trials was compatible with the 35% to 40% difference associated in prospective observational studies, with a longterm difference of 5 to 6 mm Hg in diastolic pressures.In the case of CHD, however, the observed risk reduction of 14% to 16% (9% if HDFP is excluded) fell short of the 20% to 25%
Designed transfer of specific immune responses with bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: A Saxon, R Mitsuyasu, R Stevens, R E Champlin, H Kimata, R P Gale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Bone marrow transplant donors were immunized with tetanus/diphtheria toxoids 6-7 d before bone marrow donation to investigate the role of B cell subpopulations in reconstitution of humoral immunity. Lymphoblastoid B cells spontaneously producing IgG antitetanus and/or antidiphtheria toxoid were detected in the donor marrows at the time of transplantation. Recipients rapidly demonstrated 3-90-fold increases in serum IgG antitetanus and antidiphtheria toxoid levels. Antidiphtheria fragment A antibody in three donor/recipient pairs demonstrated spectrotypic identity indicating transfer of the donors' response. Reimmunization of three recipients 64-154 d after transplant revealed an IgG antibody response associated with reappearance of spontaneous antibody-producing B cells and an antidiphtheria fragment A response characteristics of the donor's immune response. These observations extend the understanding of the role of B cell subpopulations and provide a basis for specific modulation of immunity in the setting of bone marrow transplantation.
Unusual Case of Traumatic Heart Disease with Clinical Recovery
Authors: R. J. Vakil, M. Lenczner
Journal: BMJ (1951)

BILc RJoMuxMEIA children fell into social class III.For convenience, classes I and II are added together, as their numbers are small, and classes IV and V are similarly joined.The figures are set out to show.a comparison between the social class of the duodenal ulcer group and the controls, and between the fathers of these two groups.In addition, the difference, where there was one, between the social class of father and son has been recorded as "Up " or " Down."It will be seen that the social class of the duodenal ulcer patients is not significantly different from that of the controls, that the social class of the fathers of both groups likewise does not differ significantly, and that the movement from one social class to another that has taken place has been the same for both groups, the number of those that -have raised their social status being approximately equal to those who have declined.No attempt was made to classify them by actual occu- pations, as it was felt that the numbers concerned were too small for any conclusions to be drawn, and this has already been done very thoroughly by others. DiscussionThe findings suggest that there is no difference between people with duodenal ulcers and others in the size, composition, or social class of the family into which they were born, in their educational standard at school, or in illness in childhood.Neither do duodenal ulcer patients seem to be more fortunate or less fortunate than others in early separation from parental influence.In none of the points investigated could the findings of other authors be confirmed.It may well be that those points are irrelevant to the development of the " ulcer personality," and that investigation of other childhood features might have shown some important differences between the groups studied it may be that factors operating in late adolescence or early adult life are responsible for the characteristics said to be shown by these patients.However, unless further investigations show some clear-cut differences between duodenal ulcer patients and the general population regarding factors operating before the appearance of symptoms, the pos- sibility that the " ulcer personality" may be the effect rather than the cause of the disease must be considered. SummaryIn view of the possible aetiological importance of person- ality in duodenal ulcer a comparison was made between the childhood background of a group of 250 male patients with duodenal ulcer and a similar group of patients with other diseases.No difference could be found between the two groups in any of the points investigated.I should like to express my gratitude to Dr. F. Avery Jones for hiis encouragement and inspiration in this work, and to Dr.
URETHRAL DILATOR AND IRRIGATOR.
Authors: WALTER E. M. RANCHOUS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The instrument is composed of two blades (<i>a</i>and<i>b</i>), a spring and a set screw. The blade,<i>a</i>, is a hollow cylinder with perforations at the distal end extending two inches back. This blade when detached at<i>c</i>, can be attached to a percolator at<i>d</i>, and used for irrigating purposes. The blade<i>b</i>, or hood, is of horseshoe shape, fitting neatly over the cylindrical blade,<i>a</i>, and when attached at<i>c</i>acts as a divulser, scissors fashion. The spring and set screw serve to hold the blades together at all times, thus making the instrument easy for introduction. When designing the instrument, the most important use of it, in mind, was for posterior urethral dilatation and irrigation, in gonorrheal infection of the mucous membrane of that portion of the urethra. With the anatomic structure of the urethra in mind, you will see at a glance that since the
FUSION OF THE KNEE IN THE PRESENCE OF INFECTION
Authors: C. F. EIKENBARY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The surgeon is not infrequently confronted with the problem of salvaging a joint which obviously cannot, by any surgical procedure, be made into a useful, movable joint. A tuberculous joint quite generally and, probably, invariably, falls into this category. Certainly, the tuberculous knee that has gone on to sinus formation has passed the point at which any cure can be expected except through ankylosis in a good position. I think we can all agree with that statement. Not infrequently, compound fractures of the lower third of the femur are observed that belong in the same class, especially if the fracture has involved the knee joint. A compound fracture of the femur near the knee which has become infected, with the resulting osteomyelitis, is very likely to lead to areas of necrosis, generally to sequestration, and almost invariably to such a high degree of muscle fibrosis that useful motion in the
Epidemic of asthma possibly associated with electrical storms
Authors: G Campbell-Hewson, A Cope, C V Egleston, H M Sherriff, S M Robsinson, U Allitt
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Intense nationwide interest has arisen in an epidemic of asthma that occurred overnight on 24 and 25 June in the south of England and coincided with electrical storms. Between 11 pm on 24 June and 7 am on 25 June our accident and emergency and acute admissions departments saw 39 asthmatic patients. Over a similar period last year the two units saw only one patient with asthma. The patients tended to be young adults, with a median age of 28. …
Injectable multifunctional microgel encapsulating outgrowth endothelial cells and growth factors for enhanced neovascularization
Authors: Pyung-Hwan Kim, Hyun-Gu Yim, Young-Jin Choi, Byung-Jae Kang, Joohyun Kim, Sang-Mo Kwon, Byung-Soo Kim, Nathaniel S. Hwang, Je-Yoel Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)

Recent cell-based therapy approaches have employed both nanotechnologies and other biomedical technologies to enhance their therapeutic potential. A combined strategy using therapeutic stem/progenitor cells and angiogenic proteins is attractive for the treatment of vascular disease. In this study, we developed an injectable multifunctional micro-sized gel system (microgel), composed of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated alginate, for the delivery of both cells and growth factors in vivo. The microgels encapsulated with outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, and hepatocyte growth factor, HGF) were formed via electrospraying. Cells encapsulated within the microgel exhibited a time-dependent proliferation with enhanced cell viability, and the size-controlled microgels resulted in sustained release of growth factors for enhanced new vessel formation by tube formation and rat aorta sprouting in vitro. Increased angiogenesis was also estimated in mice treated with RGD-microgel containing OECs and growth factors. Furthermore, injection of the multifunctional microgel into a hindlimb ischemia model improved blood flow perfusion and increased the capillary density by histological analysis. Compared with hydrogel system, injectable microgel system was shown to be superior with no toxicity. Overall, our injectable multifunctional microgel system can be attributed to deliver potential therapeutic agents/cells for the treatment of vascular diseases.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Adrenal Function
Authors: Andrew White, Donald P. Woodmansee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters19 October 2004Inhaled Corticosteroids and Adrenal FunctionAndrew White, MD and Donald P. Woodmansee, MDAndrew White, MDFrom Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92106.Search for more papers by this author and Donald P. Woodmansee, MDFrom Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-8-200410190-00024-w2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Romney makes an important distinction in his comment on our case report. “Adrenal Suppression from Inhaled Corticosteroids” might have been a better title for our letter. The case we described demonstrates that inhaled corticosteroids can have systemic effects. Although rare, these effects should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who have symptoms or signs of cortisol excess and are taking inhaled corticosteroids. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdrenal Insufficiency from Inhaled Corticosteroids Andrew White and Donald P. Woodmansee Inhaled Corticosteroids and Adrenal Function Jacques Romney Metrics 19 October 2004Volume 141, Issue 8Page: W-123KeywordsCortisolSigns and symptoms ePublished: 19 October 2004 Issue Published: 19 October 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...