tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kidney Function During and After Withdrawal of Long-Term Irbesartan Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria
Authors: Steen Andersen, Jens Bröchner-Mortensen, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Irbesartan is renoprotective in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Whether the observed reduction in microalbuminuria is reversible (hemodynamic) or persistent (glomerular structural/biochemical normalization) after prolonged antihypertensive treatment is unknown. Therefore, the present substudy of the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study (IRMA-2) investigated the reversibility of kidney function changes after withdrawal of 2 years’ antihypertensive treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The substudy included 133 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria in IRMA-2, randomized to double-masked treatment with either placebo, irbesartan 150 mg, or irbesartan 300 mg o.d. for 2 years. Arterial blood pressure, overnight urinary albumin excretion rate, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined repeatedly. RESULTS—Baseline characteristics were similar in the placebo, irbesartan 150-mg, and irbesartan 300-mg groups. At the end of the study, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was similarly lowered to 105 ± 2 (mean ± SE), 103 ± 2, and 102 ± 2 mmHg, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05 versus baseline), and urinary albumin excretion rate reduced by 8% (−16 to 27) (NS), 34% (95% CI 8–53), and 60% (46–70) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Rates of decline in GFR were 1.3 ± 0.7, 1.2 ± 0.7, and 1.0 ± 0.8 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2 per month, respectively, during the initial 3 months of the study and 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.1 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2 per month in the remaining study period. One month after withdrawal of all antihypertensive medication, MABP remained unchanged in the placebo group, 105 ± 2 mmHg, but increased significantly in the irbesartan groups, to 109 ± 2 and 108 ± 2 mmHg, respectively. Compared with baseline, urinary albumin excretion rate was increased by 14% (−17 to 54) in the placebo group and by 11% (−26 to 65) in the irbesartan 150-mg group but was persistently reduced by 47% (24–73) in the irbesartan 300-mg group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). GFR levels increased to baseline values in the placebo group and approached initial levels in irbesartan groups. CONCLUSIONS—Persistent reduction of microalbuminuria after withdrawal of all antihypertensive treatment suggests that high-dose irbesartan treatment confers long-term renoprotective effects.
The Nontoxic Nodular Hyperplastic Goiter
Authors: George O. Bell, Carl H. Eisenbeis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

RECENT studies on sporadic goitrous cretinism1 2 3 4 5 have called attention to the interesting paradox of hypothyroidism associated with a hyperplastic nodular goiter. These studies have demonstrated an intrinsic defect within the thyroid gland in its synthesis of thyroid hormone that can occur at different stages, either in the binding of iodine to tyrosine or in the conversion of diiodotyrosine to thyroxin. Furthermore, judging by the different degrees of hypothyroidism in cretins, the defect in hormone synthesis may be either partial or complete. Spontaneous return of thyroid function to normal and the rarer occurrence of hyperthyroidism6 in some cretins suggest the possibility . . .
Acupuncture as an adjunct to exercise based physiotherapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nadine E Foster, Elaine Thomas, Panos Barlas, Jonathan C Hill, Julie Young, Elizabeth Mason, Elaine M Hay
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To investigate the benefit of adding acupuncture to a course of advice and exercise delivered by physiotherapists for pain reduction in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design Multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Setting 37 physiotherapy centres accepting primary care patients referred from general practitioners in the Midlands, United Kingdom. Participants 352 adults aged 50 or more with a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Interventions Advice and exercise (n=116), advice and exercise plus true acupuncture (n=117), and advice and exercise plus non-penetrating acupuncture (n=119). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was change in scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index pain subscale at six months. Secondary outcomes included function, pain intensity, and unpleasantness of pain at two weeks, six weeks, six months, and 12 months. Results Follow-up rate at six months was 94%. The mean (SD) baseline pain score was 9.2 (3.8). At six months mean reductions in pain were 2.28 (3.8) for advice and exercise, 2.32 (3.6) for advice and exercise plus true acupuncture, and 2.53 (4.2) for advice and exercise plus non-penetrating acupuncture. Mean differences in change scores between advice and exercise alone and each acupuncture group were 0.08 (95% confidence interval −1.0 to 0.9) for advice and exercise plus true acupuncture and 0.25 (−0.8 to 1.3) for advice and exercise plus non-penetrating acupuncture. Similar non-significant differences were seen at other follow-up points. Compared with advice and exercise alone there were small, statistically significant improvements in pain intensity and unpleasantness at two and six weeks for true acupuncture and at all follow-up points for non-penetrating acupuncture. Conclusion The addition of acupuncture to a course of advice and exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by physiotherapists provided no additional improvement in pain scores. Small benefits in pain intensity and unpleasantness were observed in both acupuncture groups, making it unlikely that this was due to acupuncture needling effects. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials [ISRCTN88597683][1]. [1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN88597683
Results are better when patients control their own analgesia
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following surgery "has the potential to explode throughout the nation's hospitals in the next few years," predicts anesthesiologist Richard Bennett, MD. Bennett's prediction stems from intensive work that he and his colleagues at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine in Lexington have done with this technique in the last few years. "We have obtained the first hard evidence in randomized trials that patient-controlled analgesia simultaneously improves pain relief and decreases sedation throughout the entire postoperative period, that patients actually use significantly less morphine postoperatively when allowed to adjust their own dose, and that pulmonary function is significantly better in these patients," Bennett summarized for<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. In addition, the Kentucky investigators found that patients taper their own doses of narcotics, suggesting that PCA has a low potential for producing drug dependence, and titrate morphine delivery to normalize their daily activities. Bennett collaborated in these studies
Liver Function and Hypertension
Authors: FLEMMING RAASCHOU
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The purpose of the present work was to study the incidence of arterial hypertension in a series of autopsied cases of chronic hepatitis. The frequency of patients with hypertension, examined according to three criteria (cerebral hemorrhage, hypertrophy of the heart, and incidence of hypertension as determined by actual measurements of blood pressure during life), is essentially lower in an autopsy series consisting of women who died of or with subchronic hepatitis than in a control series of autopsied female patients with the same age distribution who died of all other diseases.
PUVA erythemal sensitivity depends on plasma psoralen concentration and UVA sensitivity
Authors: A. SAKUNTABHAI, P.M. FARR, B.L. DIFFEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The variation in erythemal sensitivity of the skin during PUVA therapy with oral 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was examined by measuring both UVA and PUVA erythemal responses, together with plasma 8-MOP concentration, in 27 patients about to start PUVA therapy for psoriasis. The erythema responses were judged visually, and also measured using a reflectance instrument in order to construct dose-response curves. No significant association was found between the UVA and PUVA minimal erythema responses. The plasma psoralen concentration showed significant association with the slope of the PUVA erythema dose-response curve. The slopes of the UVA and PUVA erythema dose-response curves were significantly associated, and this association became much stronger when allowance was made for plasma psoralen concentration. These results show that erythemal sensitivity during PUVA therapy is related to both plasma psoralen concentration and inherent UVA sensitivity, but that this relationship is not apparent when sensitivity is judged visually as the minimal erythema response. The association between PUVA and UVA erythemal sensitivity suggests a common pathway in the vascular response induced by UVA radiation, with or without psoralen.
Safe exclusion of pulmonary embolism using the Wells rule and qualitative D-dimer testing in primary care: prospective cohort study
Authors: G.-J. Geersing, P. M. G. Erkens, W. A. M. Lucassen, H. R. Buller, H. t. Cate, A. W. Hoes, K. G. M. Moons, M. H. Prins, R. Oudega, H. C. P. M. van Weert, H. E. J. H. Stoffers
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Neuropathic pain (characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia to mechanical and thermal stimuli) causes cellular changes in spinal dorsal horn neurons, some of which parallel those in synaptic plasticity associated with learning. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) appears to play a key role in long-term facilitation in<i>Aplysia</i>. The cooperation of UCH with the proteolytic enzyme complex known as the proteasome is required for the degradation of a number of signaling molecules within the cell that may remove normal restraints on synaptic plasticity. We have used electrophysiology, <i>in situ</i> hybridization histochemistry, semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and <i>in vivo</i>behavioral reflex analysis to investigate the ubiquitin–proteasome system in a model of neuropathic pain. In neuropathic animals, ionophoretic application of selective proteasome inhibitors attenuated dorsal horn neuron firing evoked by normally innocuous brush or cold stimuli and by noxious mustard oil stimuli. In control animals, only mustard oil-evoked responses were inhibited. Intrathecal administration of proteasome inhibitors attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia in neuropathic rats. Expression of UCH-L1 (a rat homolog of<i>Aplysia</i> neuronal UCH and of the human UCH-L1, also known as PGP 9.5) and its mRNA were selectively increased within the ipsilateral dorsal horn of neuropathic rats, supporting the idea of a role for the ubiquitin–proteasome system in nociceptive processing. Proteasome inhibitors selectively attenuate allodynic and hyperalgesic responses in neuropathic pain, with some reduction in normal nociceptive, but not non-nociceptive responses, and potentially represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain.
1025-94 Augmentation of Systolic Pressure and Coronary Perfusion Pressure by Intermittant Airway Occlusion During Active Compression-Decompression CPR in Humans
Authors: Paul Coffeen, Jeffrey J. Shultz, Michael Sweeney, Barry L.S. Detloff, Atsushi Sugiyama, Keith G. Lurie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Immortalization of Neural Cells Via Retrovirus-Mediated Oncogene Transduction
Authors: C L Cepko
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1989)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Medical Mystery: An Unusual Complication of Colonoscopy — The Answer
Authors: Marc A. Gladman, Shukri K. Shami
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: The medical mystery in the October 4 issue1 involved a 69-year-old man with left inguinoscrotal erythema, swelling, and tenderness after colonoscopy, during which he had undergone po...
Abstract PL3-1: The Upside of Irrationality
Authors: Ariely D
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dan will discuss some of the challenges and underlying benefits of irrationalities in our day-to-day life. Using behavioral economic principles as a starting point, Dan will look at how these irrationalities affect our day-to-day behaviors both in the workplace and in our personal lives. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PL3-1.
“Causation” is only part of the answer
Authors: Matthias Scheutz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Although Ross &amp; Spurrett (R&amp;S) successfully fend off the threat of Kim's “supervenience argument” by showing that it conflates different notions of causation, their proposal for a dynamic systems answer to the mind-body problem is itself yet another supervenience claim in need of an explanation that justifies it. The same goes for their notion of “multiple supervenience.”
Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish heart health study: cohort study
Authors: Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Mark Woodward, Roger Tavendale, Richard A' Brook, Mary K McCluskey
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare prediction by 27 different factors in men and women of coronary heart disease events, coronary deaths, and deaths from all causes. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Scottish population study. <b>Subjects:</b> In 1984-7 random sampling of residents aged 40-59 produced 11 629 men and women who generated survey clinic questionnaires, examination findings, and blood and urine specimens. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Subsequent death, coronary artery surgery, and myocardial infarction. Risks were calculated for each category of factor or fifth of continuous variables. 27 factors were ranked by descending age adjusted hazard ratio of the top to bottom class in each factor, by sex and end point. <b>Results:</b> Follow up averaged 7.6 years, during which the 5754 men had 404 coronary events, 159 coronary deaths, and 383 deaths and the 5875 women 177, 47, and 208 respectively. The rankings for factors for the three end points were mainly similar in men and women, although hazard ratios were often higher in women. Classical risk factors ranked better for predicting coronary risk than newer ones. Yet strong prediction of coronary risk was no guarantee of significant prediction of all cause mortality. Findings included an anomalous coronary protective role for type A behaviour in women; raised plasma fibrinogen as a strong predictor of all end points; and an unexpectedly powerful protective relation of dietary potassium to all cause mortality. <b>Conclusions:</b> These initial unifactorial rankings and comparisons must be interpreted with caution until potential interaction, confounding, and problems of measurement and causation are further explored. <h3>Key messages</h3> Among Scottish men and women studied for 27 risk factors for coronary heart disease and followed up for eight years classical risk factors scored strongly in predicting coronary risk but the performance of new ones was more variable Risk factors for coronary disease, and also for death, showed few, albeit interesting, differences between men and women Relative risk was often higher for risk factors in women but they had low levels of absolute risk when risk factor levels were low Smoking, blood pressure, and fibrinogen predicted coronary disease and also death, but other factors are less consistent Unifactorial results should not be overinterpreted, but the protective effect of potassium consumption is of particular interest
Abstract 3044: Enzymatic bioluminescence assay for microRNA quantification
Authors: Ye Sun, Val Golovlev
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A quantitative bioluminescence assay (qBLA) for rapid and sensitive microRNA expression analysis was developed. The qBLA detects the release of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) when target microRNA hybridizes with its complementary oligonucleotide template and is extended by DNA polymerization reaction. The luminescence detection of PPi is performed by converting PPi to ATP by ATP-sulfurylase that provides energy for luciferase to oxidize luciferin and produce light. This approach is faster, simpler, and less expensive than microarrays and real-time PCR for microRNA detection. It requires less reagents and can be performed at a constant temperature without thermal cycling. The experimental results indicate a broad dynamic range for microRNA quantification. Strategies for isothermal amplification of microRNA targets with different oligonucleotide template designs were studied, which illustrate the improved sensitivity and specificity. In this report, the real-time and end-point microRNA detection by qBLA is presented and discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3044.
High doses of interferon in combination with ribavirin are more effective than the standard regimen in patients with HCV genotype 1 chronic hepatitis
Authors: Alessandra Mangia, Rosanna Santoro, Marisa Piattelli, Gioacchino Leandro, Nicola Minerva, Mauro Annese, Donato Bacca, Fulvio Spirito, Vito Carretta, Francesco Ventrella, Marina Cela, Angelo Andriulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Acute Infection Induces a Metastatic Niche: A Double Menace for Cancer Patients
Authors: Heath A. Smith, Yibin Kang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor-derived factors can induce a premetastatic niche, yet little is known about how metastatic microenvironments are influenced by external insults, such as acute infections commonly seen in patients with cancer. New findings reveal increased metastasis to the lung after acute bacterial infection via the CXCR4/ubiquitin axis, suggesting new targets for antimetastasis therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4547–9. ©2013 AACR.
THE USE OF ANTABUSE (TETRAETHYLTHIURAMIDISULPHIDE) IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS
Authors: S. EUGENE BARRERA, WALTER A. OSINSKI, EUGENE DAVIDOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. Fourteen of 21 cases treated with Antabuse abstained from alcohol for periods of 2 to 4 months. Twenty-one cases represent too small a group from which to draw many general conclusions. However, the drug appears to have value in the treatment of chronic alcoholism but it has to be given under controlled conditions and in conjunction with psychotherapy. It appears to be more effective than other drug or conditioned reflex therapies used previously. 2. Further coordinate research including internal medical, pharmacologic, psychologic, and social service studies in conjunction with the psychiatric observations are indicated on a greater number of cases to establish the value of the drug. Furthermore, the patients should be studied over a longer period of time, i. e., about a year, to determine the permanency of their abstinence. 3. Under controlled conditions no severe untoward effects were noted.
Effect of Brief Exposure to Mitomycin C on Viability and Proliferation of Cultured Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts
Authors: Henry D. Jampel
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine why a single intraoperative dose of mitomycin C (MMC) appears to promote the success of glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods: Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were exposed to MMC and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro at the concentrations and durations of exposure used clinically. Cell proliferation was assessed by quantification of 3H-thymidine uptake. Cell viability was studied using a sulfarhodamine B cell protein stain and by trypan blue exclusion. Results: Neither MMC (0.4 mg/ml) nor 5-FU (40 mg/ml) were cytocidal. Both 1- and 5-minute exposures to MMC were antiproliferative. A 1-minute exposure to 0.4 mg/ml inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake by 77%. For the 5-minute exposure, 3H-thymidine uptake was inhibited by 50% at 0.06 mg/ml and by 90% at 0.4 mg/ml. For 5-FU, 3Hthymidine uptake was inhibited by 50% at 10 mg/ml and by 64% at 40 mg/ml. Conclusions: Mitomycin C probably does not improve the success of filtration surgery by killing fibroblasts. The ability of a brief exposure to MMC to improve filtration surgery may be due to an almost complete inhibition of proliferation. Alternatively, it may be due to sustained tissue binding, effects on other components of wound healing, such as cell migration and extracellular matrix production, or effects on the vasculature. A 1-minute exposure may be as effective as a 5-minute exposure. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine why a single intraoperative dose of mitomycin C (MMC) appears to promote the success of glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods: Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were exposed to MMC and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro at the concentrations and durations of exposure used clinically. Cell proliferation was assessed by quantification of 3H-thymidine uptake. Cell viability was studied using a sulfarhodamine B cell protein stain and by trypan blue exclusion. Results: Neither MMC (0.4 mg/ml) nor 5-FU (40 mg/ml) were cytocidal. Both 1- and 5-minute exposures to MMC were antiproliferative. A 1-minute exposure to 0.4 mg/ml inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake by 77%. For the 5-minute exposure, 3H-thymidine uptake was inhibited by 50% at 0.06 mg/ml and by 90% at 0.4 mg/ml. For 5-FU, 3Hthymidine uptake was inhibited by 50% at 10 mg/ml and by 64% at 40 mg/ml. Conclusions: Mitomycin C probably does not improve the success of filtration surgery by killing fibroblasts. The ability of a brief exposure to MMC to improve filtration surgery may be due to an almost complete inhibition of proliferation. Alternatively, it may be due to sustained tissue binding, effects on other components of wound healing, such as cell migration and extracellular matrix production, or effects on the vasculature. A 1-minute exposure may be as effective as a 5-minute exposure.
Winner takes it all: Addiction as an example for selfish goal dominance
Authors: Christian P. Müller, Davide Amato
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Here we argue that the selfish goal concept may well be suitable to explain inconsistencies not only in micro-behaviors, but also in the gross behavioral repertoire of an individual, which is often associated with psychopathologies, such as addiction. Neurophysiological evidence for pathological conditions like addiction emerged, and this evidence may also serve as an explanatory model for normal behaviors.
Reply to Sergey Tadtayev, Thomas A. McNicholas, and Gregory B. Boustead’s Letter to the Editor re: Giorgio Guazzoni, Massimo Lazzeri, Luciano Nava, et al. Preoperative Prostate-Specific Antigen Isoform p2PSA and Its Derivatives, %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index, Predict Pathologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2012;61:455–66
Authors: Massimo Lazzeri, Giovanni Lughezzani, Alessandro Larcher, Giuliana Lista, Giulio Maria Gadda, Vincenzo Scattoni, Andrea Cestari, Nicolòmaria Buffi, Patrizio Rigatti, Francesco Montorsi, Giorgio Guazzoni
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Recombination rates in admixed individuals identified by ancestry-based inference
Authors: Daniel Wegmann, Darren E Kessner, Krishna R Veeramah, Rasika A Mathias, Dan L Nicolae, Lisa R Yanek, Yan V Sun, Dara G Torgerson, Nicholas Rafaels, Thomas Mosley, Lewis C Becker, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H Beaty, Sharon L R Kardia, Deborah A Meyers, Kathleen C Barnes, Diane M Becker, Nelson B Freimer, John Novembre
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)