tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysmenorrhoea and Sterility: Personality Studies
Authors: E. Wittkower, A. T. M. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1940)

MEDICAL JOURNAI.and after reconstitution.On account of their relative simplicity and cheapness we hope that the methods de- scribed here will be of use in laboratories where expen- sive large-scale installations are not possible so far as we can judge, the final dried products are similar to those obtained by the lyophil process.Recent clinical reports on the use of concentrated plasma and serum are very promising (Medical Research Council War Memorandum No. 1, 1940), and the cellophane tube method should be of great help in the preparation of such concentrated plasma and serum, which can be pre- pared without risk of contamination and stored in any plasma bank.Many of the advantages claimed for dried plasma also apply to concentrated plasma.Moreover, concentrated plasma is prepared with considerably less risk of bacterial contamination and much more easily than is the dried form, and can be diluted to the required strength without the short delay necessary for the solution of plasma powder.The methods we have described for the preparation of concentrated and dried plasma are capable of many modifications, according to the scale on which the processes are to be carried out, and in view of the importance of the matter at the present time we have thought it wise to put forward our preliminary results at this stage.A detailed clinical report on the use of dried and concen- trated plasma will be published later. SummaryTwo methods for the concentration and drying of plasma have been described: (1) using spray distillation in vactio;(2) using the principle of evaporation through cellophane tubes under sterile conditions, followed by low-temperature drying of the concentrate.These methods enable large amounts of plasma to be concentrated and dried without undue cost.Serum may also be concentrated or dried by these methods, and may prove more satisfactory than plasma.This work has been carried out during the tenure of
An unusual headache
Authors: U. M. Graham, M. Magorrian, P. Burns, J. R. Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 68 year old woman presented to the emergency department with a 10 day history of gradual onset left temporal headache and scalp tenderness, which had increased in severity over this period. She had a 40 year history of migraine, for which she had been prescribed sumatriptan. She described her presenting headache as different from her usual migraine. She was otherwise well with no recent illness or head injury. On examination she was normotensive and her temperature was also normal. There was no evidence of meningism. Her temporal arteries were pulsatile and non-tender on palpation. She had no neurological deficit and no papilloedema on fundoscopy. Her left temporomandibular joint was tender.

Initial investigations showed normal inflammatory markers and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 2 mm in the first hour. A computed tomogram of the brain was normal, with no evidence of haemorrhage. Lumbar puncture was performed with an opening pressure of 16.5 cm H2O (reference range 8-21). The results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. There was no evidence of haemorrhage on spectrophotometry—a sensitive method of detecting blood products in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Three days after admission she noted swelling of the tongue and difficulty in eating. She was able to swallow but found it difficult to move her tongue. She had no hoarseness. On examination her speech was dysarthric, and she had swelling over the left side of her tongue, with leftward deviation on tongue protrusion (fig 1⇓). Taste and tongue sensation were normal. Careful examination of palatal movement identified no weakness.





### 1. What is the differential diagnosis of headache in this patient?

#### Short answer

In this age group unilateral …
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies.
Authors: J E Doe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

An inhalation teratology study was conducted in rats at 10, 50 and 250 ppm ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) and in rabbits at 10, 50 and 175 ppm EGEE. This study was designed to supplement a study conducted for NIOSH which showed teratogenic effects in rats at 200 ppm EGEE and in rabbits at about 160 ppm EE. In this study, EGEE was found not to cause teratogenic effects at concentrations up to and including 250 ppm in rats and 50 ppm in rabbits, while 175 ppm EGEE was considered to be a marginal effect level for teratogenic effects in rabbits. Fetotoxicity was observed at 250 ppm EGEE and possibly at 50 ppm EGEE in rats. An inhalation teratology study using ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEEA) has been conducted in rabbits at 25, 100 and 400 ppm. There was evidence of teratogenicity (vertebral malformations) at 400 ppm EGEEA and slight fetotoxicity at 100 ppm; 25 ppm was a no effect level.
Corticosteroid Therapy in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Henrik P. Porter, Francis R. Simon, Charles E. Pope, Wade Volwiler, L. Frederick Fenster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A prospective, double-blind controlled pilot study in 20 subjects of the efficacy of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of severe, life-threatening, alcoholic hepatitis failed to demonstrate a significantly improved survival in the treated group. The presence of cirrhosis with superimposed hepatitis seemed to be associated with a much graver immediate outcome, whereas a prothrombin time that permitted a pretreatment needle liver biopsy clearly selected the patients with an improved prognosis. The Australia antigen was absent from the serums of all 16 patients in whom it was sought.
First Report of an Unusual Toxic Reaction
Authors: Bernard W. Casselman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was very interested in the letter "Individual Toxic Reactions to Mushrooms" (<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>: 328 [April 20] 1964). I have bean eatin mushrooms for many years (<i>Psilocybe mexicana</i>). Now, eatin these mushrooms, never in my life has it casued a toxic reaction. I have at times had hallucinations—I see the editors ofThe Journalpublishing one of my articles. What a dream! Well the other day I was again eating my mushrooms. The distortion began. I see a man, looks like Buddah (my Chineeze mailman). He bring me pritty pictures. I see a lion look like a pussy cat—a red-capped man in a robe—Holly mackeril—it says J A M A on top. Such a pritty cover, nice layout—color has been discovered after 5,000 years. I never have toxic reaction before, even time that I find all drug addicts are democrats. Nobody know I eat mushrooms and it
GW25-e1154 Effect of different doses of rosuvastatin on serum concentrations of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and PAI-1 in the patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Li-Zhen, Ma Xiu-Rui, Zhang Zhun-Lin, Zhu Li-Jun, Chen Jie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Unusual Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Acute Lupus Myocarditis
Authors: Mark D. Reed, Geoff Markov, Moira D. Finlay, Kelly R. Aisbett, Nathan Better
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 40-year-old Cambodian woman with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus developed acute biventricular failure and deteriorated rapidly despite high-dose immunosuppression. Due to persistent hypoxia and elevated pulmonary pressures on echocardiogram, a Tc-99m ventilation–perfusion scan was performed. The scan suggested a high probability of pulmonary emboli. Prior to the commencement of anticoagulation, the patient had a cardiac arrest and was unable to be resuscitated. Post mortem examination confirmed myocarditis. Lung tissue showed prominent, thickened alveolar membranes and inflammation of all lobes, consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome. There was no evidence of pulmonary emboli or vasculitis affecting the lungs. The authors show an unusual cause for a high-probability lung scan.
Parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo. Demonstration of a calcium-independent nonsuppressible component of secretion.
Authors: G P Mayer, J F Habener, J T Potts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The response of normal bovine parathyroid glands to hypercalcemia was assessed in vivo by radioimmunoassay of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations in parathyroid effluent blood obtained by surgical cannulation of both anesthetized and nonanesthetized calves. Hypercalcemia was induced for periods of 0.3-35 h by intravenous infusion of a solution of calcium chloride. Assessment of immunoreactivity in effluent and peripheral blood included measurements of selected samples by use of a radioimmunoassay specific for a site residing in the biologically active portion of the hormone molecule. In all instances, the concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in hypercalcemic venous effluent from a superior parathyroid gland exceeded that of the peripheral blood. Failure of hypercalcemia to suppress completely secretion by normal parathyroids indicates that a portion of parathyroid hormone secretion occurs independent of blood calcium concentration. Consequently, continued parathyroid hormone secretion despite hypercalcemia can no longer be regarded as a unique feature of parathyroid neoplasia.
Abstract 5167: Profiling GTPases in native proteomes with a GTP acyl phosphate probe.
Authors: Tyzoon K. Nomanbhoy, Ann Shih, Arwin Aban
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract GTPases constitute an important class of regulatory proteins that participate as signal transducers in the capacity of molecular switches. The GTPase superfamily consists of 250 members in the human genome. These fall into several families, including the small GTPases (Ras Rho, Arf, Rab and Ran), heterotrimeric GTPases, elongation and initiation factors, and dynamins. In order to profile the distribution of GTPases in various cell lines and tissues, we have developed a chemical probe comprised of GTP linked to desthiobiotin through an acyl-phosphate bond. By treating complex proteomes with the probe, we are able to isolate probe-labeled peptides with streptavidin, and subsequently, identify the probe-labeled peptides by mass spectrometry. GTPases were identified from almost all known GTPase families indicating that this approach can be used to globally profile GTPases in various proteomes. The most common labeling site occurs at the conserved lysine residue in the phosphate binding loop (GXXXXGK) of the GTP-binding site. Significantly, the probe-labeled peptide for H-,K- and N-RAS includes amino acid positions 12 and 13, which are frequently mutated in cancers. Thus, the GTP probe can be used to directly quantify mutant RAS isoforms at the protein level. Citation Format: Tyzoon K. Nomanbhoy, Ann Shih, Arwin Aban. Profiling GTPases in native proteomes with a GTP acyl phosphate probe. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5167
Specific Retrograde Transduction of Spinal Motor Neurons Using Lentiviral Vectors Targeted to Presynaptic NMJ Receptors
Authors: I Eleftheriadou, A Trabalza, SM Ellison, K Gharun, ND Mazarakis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

To understand how receptors are involved in neuronal trafficking and to be able to utilize them for specific targeting via the peripheral route would be of great benefit. Here, we describe the generation of novel lentiviral vectors with tropism to motor neurons that were made by coexpressing onto the lentiviral surface a fusogenic glycoprotein (mutated sindbis G) and an antibody against a cell-surface receptor (Thy1.1, p75NTR, or coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) on the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction. These vectors exhibit binding specificity and efficient transduction of receptor positive cell lines and primary motor neurons in vitro. Targeting of each of these receptors conferred to these vectors the capability of being transported retrogradely from the axonal tip, leading to transduction of motor neurons in vitro in compartmented microfluidic cultures. In vivo delivery of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-targeted vectors in leg muscles of mice resulted in predicted patterns of motor neuron labeling in lumbar spinal cord. This opens up the clinical potential of these vectors for minimally invasive administration of central nervous system-targeted therapeutics in motor neuron diseases. To understand how receptors are involved in neuronal trafficking and to be able to utilize them for specific targeting via the peripheral route would be of great benefit. Here, we describe the generation of novel lentiviral vectors with tropism to motor neurons that were made by coexpressing onto the lentiviral surface a fusogenic glycoprotein (mutated sindbis G) and an antibody against a cell-surface receptor (Thy1.1, p75NTR, or coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) on the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction. These vectors exhibit binding specificity and efficient transduction of receptor positive cell lines and primary motor neurons in vitro. Targeting of each of these receptors conferred to these vectors the capability of being transported retrogradely from the axonal tip, leading to transduction of motor neurons in vitro in compartmented microfluidic cultures. In vivo delivery of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-targeted vectors in leg muscles of mice resulted in predicted patterns of motor neuron labeling in lumbar spinal cord. This opens up the clinical potential of these vectors for minimally invasive administration of central nervous system-targeted therapeutics in motor neuron diseases.
Comparative Prognostic Value of Epidermal Growth Factor Quantitative Protein Expression Compared with FISH for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Eirini Pectasides, Theodore Rampias, Panteleimon Kountourakis, Clarence Sasaki, Diane Kowalski, George Fountzilas, Thomas Zaramboukas, David Rimm, Barbara Burtness, Amanda Psyrri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression correlates with recurrence and with treatment resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of EGFR gene copy number utilizing FISH and protein expression with automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) and to correlate those with patient outcome.A tissue microarray composed of 102 HNSCC treated with (chemo)radiation was constructed and analyzed for EGFR copy number by FISH (Vysis; Abbott Laboratories) and EGFR protein expression using AQUA analysis of EGFR staining scored on a scale of 0 to 255. We evaluated associations of EGFR FISH status and AQUA score with clinicopathologic parameters and survival prognosis.Eleven (17.2%) of 64 tumors with FISH results showed EGFR high polysomy and/or gene amplification (FISH positive). Protein levels assessed by AQUA in FISH-positive cases were significantly higher (P = 0.04) than in FISH-negative cases. Using the continuous AQUA scores for EGFR expression, AQUA and FISH showed significant agreement (Pearson's ρ = 0.353, P = 0.04). Patients with high tumor EGFR protein expression had inferior 5-year overall survival (27.7%) compared with those with low tumor EGFR expression (54%; P = 0.029). There was no significant association between EGFR FISH status and overall survival (P = 0.201). In the multivariate model, high tumor EGFR protein expression status remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.047).EGFR protein content correlates with gene copy number if protein content is quantitated and automatically analyzed, as with AQUA. EGFR protein levels assessed by AQUA strongly predict for patient outcome in HNSCC, whereas EGFR FISH status does not provide prognostic information.
Deficiency of the NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptor NOR1 Decreases Monocyte Adhesion and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yue Zhao, Deborah A. Howatt, Florence Gizard, Takashi Nomiyama, Hannes M. Findeisen, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Karrie L. Jones, Orla M. Conneely, Alan Daugherty, Dennis Bruemmer
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 is a member of the evolutionary highly conserved and ligand-independent NR4A subfamily of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Members of this subfamily have been characterized as early response genes regulating essential biological processes including inflammation and proliferation; however, the role of NOR1 in atherosclerosis remains unknown.The goal of the present study was to determine the causal contribution of NOR1 to atherosclerosis development and to identify the mechanism by which this nuclear receptor participates in the disease process.In the present study, we demonstrate expression of NOR1 in endothelial cells of human atherosclerotic lesions. In response to inflammatory stimuli, NOR1 expression is rapidly induced in endothelial cells through a nuclear factor kappaB-dependent transactivation of the NOR1 promoter. Overexpression of NOR1 in human endothelial cells increased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, whereas NOR1 deficiency altered adhesion molecule expression in response to inflammatory stimuli. Transient transfection experiments and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NOR1 induces VCAM-1 promoter activity by binding to a canonical response element for NR4A receptors in the VCAM-1 promoter. Further functional studies confirmed that NOR1 mediates monocyte adhesion by inducing VCAM-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells. Finally, we demonstrate that NOR1 deficiency reduces hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis formation in apoE(-/-) mice by decreasing the macrophage content of the lesion.In concert, these studies identify a novel pathway underlying monocyte adhesion and establish that NOR1 serves a previously unrecognized atherogenic role in mice by positively regulating monocyte recruitment to the vascular wall.
Regional variations in need for and provision and use of child health services in England and Wales.
Authors: R R West, C R Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1976)

An analysis of indicators of the need for and provision and use of child health services in the 15 pre- 1974 hospital board regions in England and Wales showed that need and provisions were badly matched. There was a high degree of correlation between the indices within each of the three groups, indicating that a region with a small provision in one area of child health services would tend to have few resources in other areas also. Statistics on the use of services relate more to the provision of those services than to the need for them. Regions with large resources will justify these resources by claiming that their use statistics indicate needs, whereas they really indicate met demands. It is more important to identify demands and needs that are not being met.
Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Oxidative Metabolism at Rest and during Exercise in Subjects with Severe Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: GEORGE G. ROWE, SKODA AFONSO, JORGE E. LUGO, CESAR A. CASTILLO, WILLIAM C. BOAKE, CHARLES W. CRUMPTON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

AVAILABLE data concerning coronary flow in intact human subjects have in- dicated that there is a strong tendency for the blood flow per unit weight of myocardium to fall in the usual range under a wide variety of circumstances and for the coronary vessels to be capable of adapting themselves to most situations sufficiently well to maintain usual coronary flow as long as myocardial metabolism is not deranged.'When myocardial meta- bolism is deranged, the coronary circulation adapts to these derangements as, for example, in thyrotoxicosis2 and thiamine deficiency.3The question of adaptation of human coro- nary flow to mechanical interference prompt- ed the present study of coronary blood flow in subjects with aortic valve disease because of the following considerations.The best current estimates from animal studies indicate that the major portion of coronary flow occurs during diastole, even though flow during systole is considerable.4'It has been emphasized repeatedly, however, that the time of flow into the coronary ar- teries, as measured by a flowmeter near their aortic origin, may bear little if any relation to flow through the capillary bed and circula- tory exchange within the myocardium.In- deed, blood flow out of the coronary sinus is maximal during systole4 and hence during passage through the myocardium the phase of flow shifts 180 degrees.The nitrous oxide meth-
A memorable delivery
Authors: Michael Beeney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The newspaper competition's first prize seemed idyllic: flight from Dayton, Ohio, for three days in London, followed by relaxing five day crossing from Southampton to New York on board the luxury liner Queen Elizabeth II . Only there are two slight hitches: the winning couple are expecting the imminent birth of their first child, and it is winter in the north Atlantic. Suffice to say, the ship's doctor is blissfully unaware of the woman's delicate condition until he is woken from his postprandial afternoon nap when her waters break, on the fourth day of the voyage, 500 miles east of New York in mountainous seas and a force 12 gale.

“Oh dear, Mrs H,” he says, “you are 8 cm dilated.”

“My last Hb was 9.5, doctor.”

“Uuum.”

The scene is set: a calm, physically robust 32 year old registered nurse from Ohio accompanied by her rather nervous school teacher husband prepare for the birth on board an ocean liner. “I don't need any analgesia, thank you,” she says with alacrity. The first stage goes like clockwork. On “six …