tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Weighted Least-Squares Technique for the Analysis of Kinetic Data and Its Application to the Study of Renal <sup>133</sup> Xenon Washout in Dogs and Man
Authors: RALPH B. DELL, ROBERT SCIACCA, KENNETH LIEBERMAN, DAVID B. CASE, PAUL J. CANNON
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

A computer program was written in PL/1 to successively fit the sum of two, three, and four exponential terms to data by an iterative least-squares technique, using a combination of the steepest-descent and the Newton-Raphson methods for convergence. Each data point was weighted by the reciprocal of its variance, assuming that the errors followed a Poisson distribution. A compartment, i.e., an exponential term, was declared nonsignificant if it did not significantly reduce the least-squares error about the fitted line as judged by an F test. Validity of the data was assessed by a "runs" test and by the frequency with which data points fell outside the 95% confidence range. Results of the analysis showed that (1) 9 of 12 normal human kidney 133 Xe washout curves were best described by a four-compartment model, (2) 18 of 38 studies in patients with essential hypertension yielded a four-compartment curve with significant reduction in compartment-1 flow, (3) nine patients with congestive heart failure all had three-compartment washout curves, (4) two patients with oliguric renal failure had washout curves described best by a two-exponential equation (one of these patients responded to an injection of furosemide with the appearance of a third, more rapid compartment). Obviously, this form of analysis can be easily applied to other sets of data which are described by nonlinear equations.
Short- and Intermediate-Term Results of <sup>32</sup> P Radioactive β-Emitting Stent Implantation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Remo Albiero, Milena Adamian, Nobuyuky Kobayashi, Antonio Amato, Marco Vaghetti, Carlo Di Mario, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Radioactive 32 P β-emitting stents have been shown to reduce intrastent neointimal hyperplasia in a substantial dose-related manner in the animal model. The aim of this dose-response study was to evaluate, in the clinical setting, the safety and efficacy at 6-month follow-up of this approach to reducing restenosis. Methods and Results —A total of 122 32 P radioactive β-emitting stents (initially the Palmaz-Schatz and later the BX Isostent) with an activity level of 0.75 to 3.0 μCi (group 1), 3.0 to 6.0 μCi (group 2), and 6.0 to 12.0 μCi (group 3) were implanted in 91 lesions in 82 patients. There were no procedural events. At 6-month follow-up, no deaths had occurred, and only 1 patient had stent thrombosis. Pure intrastent binary restenosis was 16% in group 1, 3% in group 2, and 0% in group 3. However, intralesion restenosis was 52% in group 1, 41% in group 2, and 50% in group 3. Conclusions —The use of 32 P radioactive β-emitting stents in patients with CAD is feasible. At 6-month follow-up, intrastent neointimal hyperplasia was reduced in a dose-related manner. However, in the 3 groups, intralesion restenosis was high because of a high late lumen loss in the reference segments at the stent edges, possibly as a result of a low activity level of radiation at the edges of the stent combined with an aggressive approach to stenting. We called this “edge effect” the “candy wrapper.”
Effects of the combined blockade of EGFR and ErbB-2 on signal transduction and regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins in breast cancer cells.
Authors: A D'Alessio, A De Luca, MR Maiello, C Palumbo, A Rachiglio, M Gallo, N Normanno
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2130 Co-expression of EGFR and ErbB-2 occurs in a subset of primary breast carcinoma, and it is associated with worse prognosis. We previously demonstrated that treatment of breast cancer cells that express both receptors with a combination of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (G) and the anti-ErbB-2 monoclonal antibody herceptin (H) results in a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Such combination failed to show significant activity in a phase I/II clinical trial. However, patients enrolled in this trial were not selected for expression of EGFR. We explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the synergism of G and H in breast cancer cells. Treatment of both SK-BR-3 and BT-474 cells with a combination of G+H produced a more significant reduction of AKT and p42/p44-MAPK (MAPK) activation as compared with treatment with a single agent. The combination also produced a more prolonged blockade of both signalling pathways. In agreement with these findings, treatment with G+H induced a more pronounced accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle as compared with treatment with a single drug. A sub-G0/G1 peak, suggestive of apoptosis, was evident in cells treated with the combination but not with G or H. The combination of G+H produced a more significant increase in the levels of p27kip1 and of hypophosphorylated forms of pRb2, and a more significant decrease in the levels of Cyclin D1 and survivin as compared with a single agent. Analysis of p27kip1 protein stability, in presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, revealed that both G and the combination of G+H significantly increased the stability of p27kip1, with the combination showing higher effects. Furthermore, breast cancer cells treated with the combination expressed higher levels of p27kip1 mRNA as compared with cells treated with a single drug. The combination also induced a significant increase in the nuclear levels of the FKHRL-1 transcription factor that was not observed in cells treated with G or H alone. Treatment of breast cancer cells with the dual EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor lapatinib produced an increase in the levels of p27kip1 and of hypophosphorylated pRb2, and a decrease in the levels of Cyclin D1 and survivin comparable to that observed following treatment with the combination of G+H. In addition, an increase in p27kip1 mRNA and in the nuclear levels of FKHRL-1 was induced in breast cancer cells by treatment with lapatinib. These findings suggest that the synergistic anti-tumor effects deriving from EGFR and ErbB-2 blockade are mediated by significant alterations in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of p27kip1 expression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2130.
Clinical Profile and Outcome in 52 Patients with Cardiac Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Tiong Cheng Yeo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Cardiac pseudoaneurysm, a contained cardiac rupture, predisposes patients to further rupture. However, knowledge of the clinical profile and natural history of this cardiac complication is limited. Objective: To study the clinical features and outcomes of patients with cardiac pseudoaneurysm. Design: Retrospective analysis of patients with cardiac pseudoaneurysm seen between January 1980 and September 1996. Setting: Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. Patients: 52 patients with pseudoaneurysm. Results: Pseudoaneurysm was discovered incidentally in 25 asymptomatic patients (48%). Four patients (8%) presented acutely (3 with acute myocardial infarction and 1 with cardiac tamponade). Other clinical presentations were congestive heart failure in 8 patients (15%), chest pain in 7 (13%), syncope or arrhythmia in 5 (10%), and systemic embolism in 3 (6%). Initial diagnostic tests were echocardiography in 32 patients, cardiac catheterization in 12, magnetic resonance imaging in 4, and computed tomography in 2. Diagnosis was made intraoperatively in two patients. Pseudoaneurysm occurred after cardiac surgery in 30 patients (58%) and after myocardial infarction in 22 (42%). Location of the pseudoaneurysm was primarily related to its cause: Pseudoaneurysm was located in the inferior or posterolateral wall in 18 of 22 patients (82%) after myocardial infarction, in the right ventricular outflow tract in 13 of 15 patients (87%) after congenital heart surgery, in the posterior subannular region of the mitral valve in 4 of 4 patients (100%) after mitral valve replacement, and in the subaortic region in 3 of 3 (100%) after aortic valve replacement. Forty-two patients (81%) had surgical repair (surgical mortality rate, 7%). Ten patients (19%) did not have surgery. Nineteen patients died after a median survival of 2.3 years (range, 3 days to 8.2 years): Eight died of noncardiac cause, 5 of congestive heart failure, 4 of acute myocardial infarction, and 2 of cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia). No further cardiac ruptures were documented. Conclusions: A substantial number of patients with pseudoaneurysm are asymptomatic. Although surgical repair is the treatment of choice, conservative management in selected patients with increased surgical risk seems reasonable because no deaths were caused by further rupture.
The Administration's Assault on Domestic Spending and the Threat to Health Care Programs
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The inevitable day of reckoning stemming from the federal government's 1981 decision to cut its revenue base sharply through tax reduction but continue spending at much higher levels has arrived. Faced with annual budget deficits of $225 billion or more unless it takes action, Congress has begun to grapple with spending issues that will pit guns against butter, young against old, and medical care providers against the government. The resolution of this struggle in the near term is likely to feature a government-wide freeze on spending increases with very few exceptions, elimination of some programs, and wholesale budget cuts in . . .
VIII. Germ Theory and Its Influence
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In the latter 19th century, the explosive growth of bacteriology transformed both the theory and the practice of medicine. This success, of course, depended on the advances made in other disciplines, yet in the popular mind the "germ theory of disease" became the symbol of progress in medical science. Today the word "germ" has no scientific standing. If used at all in lay speech, it refers to bacteria or other infectious agents that "cause" disease. This usage, however, has only a slender connection with the original meaning, namely, something primordial or rudimentary, out of which something mature will develop. We see this sense in the metaphorical phrase, "the germ of an idea." In the earlier 19th century, the meaning of "germ" was explicitly that of a seed out of which something will grow, and the connection of seeds and disease expanded gradually over a tortuous route. At that time, three
Electrophysiologic and Inotropic Effects of K<sup>+</sup>-Channel Blockade in Aged Diaphragm
Authors: ERIK van LUNTEREN, MICHELLE MOYER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The aminopyridines block several types of potassium (K+) channels and exert a direct inotropic effect on skeletal muscle by prolonging the duration of the action potential. Aging influences skeletal muscle Cl− channels and their regulation, and affects both resting whole-cell K+ conductance and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels, although in opposite directions. The present study tested the hypothesis that aging affects diaphragm-muscle K+ channels responsible for repolarization of the action potential and force production. Diaphragms of young adult (age 3 to 4 mo) and old (age 20 to 21 mo) male Fischer 344 rats was studied in vitro at 37 ° C. The K+-channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP, 0.3 mM) did not alter resting membrane potential or action-potential height, overshoot, or rate of depolarization of either young-adult or old muscle. However, DAP slowed the rate of repolarization of the action potential and increased the action-potential area in young-adult and old muscle; the time for the action potential to repolarize by 80% increased from 0.59 ± 0.02 ms (mean ± SE) to 3.37 ± 0.68 ms (p < 0.05) in young-adult muscle and from 0.87 ± 0.06 ms to 2.52 ± 0.54 ms (p < 0.05) in old muscle, whereas the action-potential area increased from 56 ± 3 mVms to 193 ± 34 mVms (p < 0.05) in young-adult muscle and from 72 ± 5 mVms to 134 ± 20 mVms (p < 0.05) in old muscle. The action-potential area was not different in young-adult and old diaphragm without DAP, but was significantly larger in young-adult than in old diaphragm with DAP (p < 0.05). The functional consequence was that DAP increased diaphragm isometric twitch force by 181 ± 12% (p < 0.05) in young-adult muscle and by 144 ± 24% (p < 0.05) in old muscle; the increase was significantly greater in young-adult than in old muscle (p < 0.05). These data suggest an aging-associated reduction in, or reduced DAP sensitivity of, diaphragm K+ conductance during action potentials, which most likely reflects aging-associated alterations in delayed-rectifier K+ conductance. Although the inotropic effect of DAP was greater for young-adult than for old diaphragm muscle, the difference was sufficiently modest to show that DAP has substantial inotropic effects in old muscle.
Treatment for Opioid Dependence
Authors: Bruce J. Rounsaville, Thomas R. Kosten
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
China Validation Study of GeneSearchTM Breast Lymph Node Assay for the Diagnosis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Breast Cancer – CBCSG-001a Interim Results.
Authors: Y. Wang, T. Ouyang, Y. Liu, J. Wu, X. Yang, F. Su, N. Liao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The use of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is becoming the standard of care in China. With the adoption of this technique there is an increasing need for rapid and accurate detection of metastases in the SLNs. Histological intra-operative techniques such as touch imprint and frozen section offer limited sensitivity, increasing the risk of intra-operatively missing relevant SLN metastases (&amp;gt;0.2 mm). Post-operative histology (H&amp;E) also risks missing metastases due to tissue sampling limitations and being partially dependent on pathologist expertise. A real-time RT-PCR assay, GeneSearchÔ Breast Lymph Node (BLN) Assay, may offer a standardized intra-operative way to evaluate larger portions of the SLN. CBCSG-001a is a prospective multicenter trial to validate the GeneSearchÔ BLN Assay in China.Methods: Started from February 2009, CBCSG-001a is being conducted at 6 centers with a total enrollment of 540 cases by the end of June 2009. SLNs are cut into alternating ∼2mm sections. One half of the sections are sampled for H&amp;E. The other half is fully tested with the BLN assay. The assay detects the presence of cytokeratin-19 and mammaglobin to assess if metastases are in SLNS. Predetermined cutoffs are calibrated so only metastases &amp;gt;0.2 mm are detected. Each assay run has internal and external controls to confirm a valid result.About 40% cases would receive axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in spite of the status of SLN in 3 of the 6 centers. Intraoperative frozen section for SLN diagnosis was conducted in 4 of the 6 centers, and intraoperative touch imprint cytological diagnosis for all sections was conduced in 2 of the 6 centers.Results: Interim results are based on 20% (114/540) of the planned breast cancer patients for the study. Current histology positive rate is 30%. The BLN assay shows high performance as compared to H&amp;E. The results are also very similar to those seen in the larger US clinical validation trial.Discussion: Interim results indicate that the BLN assay has high performance as compared to H&amp;E, and allows same surgery ALND avoiding the need to wait for a second surgery. In addition the performance is equivalent to the results seen in the larger US clinical validation trial, indicating the assay performance is fairly robust. So there is clinical potential of using the assay for performance similar to H&amp;E with the advantage of being an intra-operative, objective and standardized test that examines a larger portion on the nodal tissue. The final results of 550 cases will be updated at the SABCS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1023.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: DAVID W. HUDGEL, SITTHEP THANAKITCHARU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSVENTILATORY STIMULANTSPSYCHOTROPIC AGENTSOTHER PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTSOTHER AGENTSSUMMARYFUTURE DIRECTIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD in Sexually Abused Adolescents
Authors: Sean Perrin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Calpain inhibition stabilizes the platelet proteome and reactivity in diabetes
Authors: Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy, Johann Isaak, Amro Elgheznawy, Frank Pistrosch, Timo Frömel, Xiaoke Yin, Klaus Badenhoop, Heinrich Heide, Manuel Mayr, Ingrid Fleming
Journal: Blood (2012)
Brief exercise induces an immediate and a delayed leucocytosis.
Authors: D A McCarthy, M Grant, M Marbut, M Watling, A J Wade, I Macdonald, S Nicholson, R D Melsom, J D Perry
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Haematological profiles were measured: (1) before and for 5 h 30 min after 30 min sports (squash, swimming, jogging); and (2) before, during and for 2 h 30 min after 30 min cycle ergometry at workloads which required rates of oxygen consumption that were between 48% and 84% of maximal. In both instances exercise induced an immediate leucocytosis (owing to rises in both neutrophils and lymphocytes) which subsided rapidly at the finish of exercise and was followed by a delayed neutrophilia of greater magnitude which peaked at approximately 3 h after the start of exercise. Changes in plasma catecholamines and cortisol recorded during and after exercise (cycle ergometry only) support the hypothesis that the immediate leucocytosis during brief exercise is attributable to elevated catecholamine levels, whereas the delayed neutrophilia is due to raised cortisol levels.
BLNK Required for Coupling Syk to PLCγ2 and Rac1-JNK in B Cells
Authors: Masamichi Ishiai, Mari Kurosaki, Rajita Pappu, Katsuya Okawa, Irina Ronko, Chong Fu, Masao Shibata, Akihiro Iwamatsu, Andrew C Chan, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Jiu-Jitsu Methods of Resuscitation
Authors: J. W. Cornwall
Journal: BMJ (1935)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Sodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest after a positive correlation was drawn between dietary sodium intake and prevalence of hypertension. Sri Lanka has adopted a salt reduction strategy to combat high blood pressure in the population with escalation of non-communicable diseases. <h3>Objective</h3> To measure intake of salt, potassium and sodium/potassium ratio of adults in urban and rural settings. <h3>Design</h3> A community based study of 328 adults between 30-59 years, including equal numbers from urban and rural sectors. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Blood pressure was measured by a standardized automated measurement system and the mean of two readings was used for analysis. 24-hour urine was collected and measured for creatinine, sodium, potassium levels. <h3>Results</h3> Mean daily salt consumption was 8.3g (95%CI:7.9,8.8), which is 1.6 times higher than WHO recommendation. Mean daily potassium intake was 1,265g (95%CI:1191.0,1339.3), which is 2.8 times lower and sodium/potassium ratio was 4.3 (95%CI:4.2,4.5), which is 7 times higher than WHO recommendation. Daily salt consumption was significantly higher in males (9.0g;95%CI:8.3,9.8) than females (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.2); rural (8.9g;95%CI:8.2-9.6,) than urban (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.3) with increasing body mass index (8.2g;95%CI:6.1,10.2 to 10.0g;95%CI:8.5,11.6). Systolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with high BMI and waist circumference. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High salt consumption, low potassium intake and high sodium/potassium ratio was found in this population. This information can be used to set targets to reduce salt intake in the population. Need to create awareness to enhance the consumption of potassium rich food while reducing salt intake to minimize future NCD burden.
Ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with generalized pustulosis
Authors: None Langtry, None Carr, None Ive, None Gordon, None Hunter, None Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Two unrelated boys are described who were born as collodion babies and subsequently developed non‐bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma and flares of generalized sterile pustulosis, similar to generalized pustular psoriasis. Both patients had a good response to treatment with oral retinoids.
What war is good for
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“War—what is it good for?” asks the old protest song. Advances in surgery, if nothing else, might be the answer. The patients of the French surgeon Ambroise Pare (1510–90) certainly benefited from his long experience treating the casualties of muskets and cannons in the conflicts that ravaged Renaissance Europe.⇑

From humble origins, Pare was apprenticed to a barber before he enrolled as a trainee surgeon at the Hotel-Dieu, Paris. After joining his first military campaign at the age of 27, he spent almost 30 years amputating limbs and excising musket balls on European battlefields, and applied the lessons he learnt to improving surgery for all. …