tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 and HIV-2 LTR Nucleotide Sequences: Assessment of the Alignment by N-block Presentation, “Retroviral Signatures” of Overrepeated Oligonucleotides, and a Probable Important Role of Scrambled Stepwise Duplications/Deletions in Molecular Evolution
Authors: Ivan Laprevotte, Maude Pupin, Eivind Coward, Gilles Didier, Christophe Terzian, Claudine Devauchelle, Alain Hénaut
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Previous analyses of retroviral nucleotide sequences, suggest a so-called “scrambled duplicative stepwise molecular evolution” (many sectors with successive duplications/deletions of short and longer motifs) that could have stemmed from one or several starter tandemly repeated short sequence(s). In the present report, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the long terminal repeats (LTRs) (and flanking sequences) of 24 human and 3 simian immunodeficiency viruses. By using a calculation strategy applicable to short sequences, we found consensus overrepresented motifs (often containing CTG or CAG) that were congruent with the previously defined “retroviral signature.” We also show many local repetition patterns that are significant when compared with simply shuffled sequences. First- and second-order Markov chain analyses demonstrate that a major portion of the overrepresented oligonucleotides can be predicted from the dinucleotide compositions of the sequences, but by no means can biological mechanisms be deduced from these results: some of the listed local repetitions remain significant against dinucleotide-conserving shuffled sequences; together with previous results, this suggests that interspersed and/or local mononucleotide and oligonucleotide repetitions could have biased the dinucleotide compositions of the sequences. We searched for suggestive evolutionary patterns by scrutinizing a reliable multiple alignment of the 27 sequences. A manually constructed alignment based on homology blocks was in good agreement with the polypeptide alignment in the coding sectors and has been exhaustively assessed by using a multiplied alphabet obtained by the promising mathematical strategy called the N-block presentation (taking into account the environment of each nucleotide in a sequence). Sector by sector, we hypothesize many successive duplication/deletion scenarios that fit our previous evolutionary hypotheses. This suggests an important duplication/deletion role for the reverse transcriptase, particularly in inducing stuttering cryptic simplicity patterns.
Comparison of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade with coronary flow reserve for prediction of recovery of LV function and LV remodeling in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: So-Yeon Choi, Seung-Jea Tahk, Zhe-Xun Lian, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Hong-Seok Lim, Il-Hyun Cho, Tae-Young Choi, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Joon-Han Shin, Han-Soo Kim, Byung-il W. Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Evaluation of Hyperventilation in Treatment of Head Injuries
Authors: H. A. Crockard, D. L. Coppel, W. F. K. Morrow
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Reduction of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood by mechanical hyperventilation (Pco<sub>2</sub> 25-30 mm Hg; Po<sub>2</sub> 100-150 mm Hg) may be beneficial in cases of severe head injury. To evaluate its efficacy and establish prognostic guidelines intracranial pressure, radiocirculograms, and cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) lactate levels were studied in 31 patients. In survivors intracranial pressure fell and cerebral blood flow improved with treatment. A C.S.F. lactate greater than 55 mg/100 ml was associated with a poor prognosis. Selection of patients was based on clinical judgement, and adults with signs of extensive brain damage were excluded. The importance of an adequate airway and resuscitation is stressed before a final decision is made. The object of treatment is to improve the quality of survival and the criteria measured may aid in the distinction between patients with a potential for good recovery and those capable only of a vegetative existence. Many associated factors as well as hypocapnia reduce intracranial pressure, and these are discussed. We believe that hyperventilation may improve some head injuries, and further study is indicated.
Pregnancy complicated by gestational trophoblastic disease in a renal transplant recipient.
Authors: I H Manifold, A E Champion, J R Goepel, S Rameswak, P E Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Une observation: transplantation de rein de cadavre chez une jeune femme, traitement efficace d'episodes de rejet par corticoides et cyclophosphamide. 11 mois apres la transplantation, apres 2 mois d'amenorrhee, expulsion spontanee d'une mole hydatiforme. Apres plusieurs curetages, les taux seriques de gonadotrophine chorionique restent elevees. Au cours de la chimiotherapie par methotrexate, une rupture d'uterus demande une hysterectomie totale
CHRONIC ALLOGENEIC DISEASE
Authors: Robert M. Lewis, Martine Y. K. Armstrong, Janine André-Schwartz, Asuman Muftuoglu, Lorraine Beldotti, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Glomerulonephritis, often accompanied by the nephrotic syndrome, developed in CAF(1) mice following the administration of spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice. The renal lesion was membranous glomerulonephritis. When studied with fluorescein-conjugated antisera to either mouse gamma globulin or beta(1C)-globulin, the glomeruli contained beaded and irregular deposits of these immunoproteins. The ultrastructure of the lesion was characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membranes and the presence of electron-dense subepithelial deposits. Acid eluates of the diseased kidneys contained gamma globulin that failed to bind to sections of normal kidneys. These findings conform to the type of nephritis provoked by immune complexes. They indicate that this type of immune injury can be based on the reaction of intolerant immunocytes to normal antigens.
Increased Risk of Suicide in Persons With AIDS
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The rate of suicide has been reported to be higher in persons with chronic and life-threatening illnesses (eg, cancer, Huntington's disease, and renal failure). We studied the rate of suicide in 1985 in New York City residents diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There were 668 suicides in New York City residents in 1985, yielding a rate of 9.29 per 100,000 person-years. In men aged 20 to 59 years without a known diagnosis of AIDS, the rate was 18.75 per 100,000 person-years. There were 3828 individuals who lived with the diagnosis of AIDS for some part, or all, of 1985. There were 12 suicides in men aged 20 to 59 years from this group who lived 1763.25 person-years with a diagnosis of AIDS. This yields a suicide rate of 680.56 per 100,000 person-years. Thus, the relative risk of suicide in men with AIDS aged 20 to 59 years was 36.30 times (95% confidence limits, 20.45 to 64.42) that of men aged 20 to 59 years without this diagnosis, and 66.15 times (95% confidence limits, 37.38 to 117.06) that of the general population. We conclude that AIDS represents a significant risk factor for suicide.
Natural chondroitin sulphates increase aggregation of proteoglycan complexes and decrease adamts-5 expression in interleukin 1 -treated chondrocytes
Authors: K Tahiri, C Korwin-Zmijowska, P Richette, F Heraud, X Chevalier, J-F Savouret, M-T Corvol
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess the effect of natural chondroitin sulphate (CS) on the ability of neosynthesised sulphated proteoglycans (PGs) to aggregate in cultured chondrocytes treated with interleukin (IL)1β. <h3>Methods:</h3> Primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes were treated or not with IL1β alone or with concentrations of CS for 20 h. Neosynthesised PGs were labelled by incorporation of [35SO<sub>4</sub>]-sulphate and analysed by chromatography on Sepharose 2B columns. Gelatinolytic activity was measured by zymography, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 mRNA level in chondrocytes underwent real-time PCR. Expression of ADAMTS (for "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs") -4 and -5 was analysed by real-time PCR and western blotting. <h3>Results:</h3> The production of [35SO<sub>4</sub>]-labelled PGs was significantly increased with 10 μg/ml CS in the cellular pool rather than in the incubation medium. The addition of CS to IL1β-treated cells inhibited in part the disaggregation of sulphated PGs induced by IL1β. This inhibitory effect of CS is associated with a significant decrease in ADAMTS-5 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. No effect of CS was observed on IL1β-induced gelatinolytic activity, MMP1 mRNA expression or ADAMTS-4 expression. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> CS increases the production of functional sulphated PGs in the direct environment of chondrocytes in vitro. This beneficial effect of CS in IL1β-treated cells is associated with decreased expression of ADAMTS-5.
Gestational diabetes, atopic dermatitis, and allergen sensitization in early childhood
Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Fengxiu Ouyang, Rachel E. Story, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Colleen Pearson, Kathryn Ortiz, Howard Bauchner, Xiaobin Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
THE TECHNIQUE OF OPERATIONS FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS.
Authors: WELLER VAN HOOK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The technique of operations for acute appendicitis has been studied and discussed by a splendid array of the world's best surgeons. Nevertheless opinions continue to differ not only as to the immediate objects of operative interference but also as to the technical methods by which these objects are to be accomplished. Some of the operators whose lists are longest and whose statistics make the best showing are extremely vague when it comes to a working description of their methods. The incision which each writer affects is carefully described; the statement made that the intestines are carefully protected by gauze; the appendix carefully removed or carefully left in and a few sutures inserted. But in my opinion the most important part of the operation consists in the protection of the normal serosa from infectious matter and the application of the gauze drain. These points are not carefully dwelt upon as a
Lipoproteins and the liver sieve: The role of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cirrhosis
Authors: Robin Fraser, Bruce R. Dobbs, George W. T. Rogers
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The liver sieve, formed by the fenestrated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, is a dynamic biofilter separating the hepatic blood from the plasma within the space of Disse. It filters macromolecules of differing sizes, especially lipoproteins. More specifically, it acts as a barrier to the large triglyceride-rich parent chylomicrons, while permitting the smaller triglyceride-depleted but cholesterol- and retinol-rich remnants to enter the space of Disse. There the remnants contact specific receptor sites on the hepatocyte microvilli. Thus, the liver sieve is the first site of hepatic selection and consequent metabolism of dietary cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as rejection of dietary triglycerides. Therefore, perturbations of the porosity of the sieve, whether from changes in size, number of fenestrae, or composition of the underlying extracellular matrix within the space of Disse, will have a profound influence on the metabolism of lipoproteins. This disturbance of the homeostasis of lipids, including fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol, as well as other macromolecules, may tilt the balance between health and disease in a variety of organs and tissues, such as the liver, kidney and arteries.
Migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke: a case-control study.
Authors: C Tzourio, S Iglesias, J B Hubert, J M Visy, A Alperovitch, A Tehindrazanarivelo, V Biousse, F Woimant, M G Bousser
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether migraine is a risk factor for ischaemic stroke. DESIGN--A case-control study. SETTING--Two hospitals in Paris. SUBJECTS--212 patients with stroke (137 men and 75 women) and 212 controls matched for sex, age (to within five years), and history of hypertension. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Ischaemic stroke, confirmed by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and history of headache, recorded with structured questionnaire during interview. RESULTS--Prevalence of migraine did not differ between patients with stroke and controls: 18/137 v 17/137 for men (odds ratio 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 2.2), p = 0.86); 23/75 v 17/75 for women (odds ratio 1.6 (0.7 to 3.5), p = 0.24); and 41/212 v 34/212 for both sexes (odds ratio 1.3 (0.8 to 2.3), p = 0.33). When subjects were split into two age groups, however, prevalence of migraine was significantly higher among younger women (aged &lt; 45) with stroke compared with their controls (13/20 v 6/20, odds ratio 4.3 (1.2 to 16.3), p = 0.03). Furthermore, the risk of ischaemic stroke was higher among younger women who smoked (7/20 v 1/20, odds ratio 10.2 (1.1 to 93.3)). CONCLUSIONS--Prevalence of migraine was not different between patients with stroke and matched controls except among women aged &lt; 45, when migraine and stroke were significantly associated.
T scores and z scores
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 79 year old white woman had her bone mineral density (BMD) measured to assess for osteoporosis and fracture risk. The table⇓ shows the results of dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA).

View this table:

Results of dual energy x ray absorptiometry on the right hip of a 79 year old patient



Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

Answers a , b , and d are true, whereas c is false.

Measurement of BMD in the hip and spine is the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. BMD is the ratio of bone mineral content to bone area (expressed in g/cm²). Measurements for three regions of the woman’s right hip are given—the femoral neck, tronchanteric region, and intertrochanteric region. A total BMD measurement was obtained by scanning the entire hip …
Dominant Transverse Sinus Simulating an Occipital Lesion on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Intracranial distribution of technetium-99m MDP (methylene diphosphonate) may be of diverse causes including primary neoplasms, cerebral vascular abnormalities, and metastasis. The authors present a case of a dominant left transverse sinus simulating an occipital lesion on bone scintigraphy in a patient with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer recurrence. Subsequent contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging and whole-body indium-111 capromab pendetide imaging demonstrated a large left transverse sinus with prominent tracer activity and ruled out any osseous involvement.
Pressure promotes DNA synthesis in rat cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: K Hishikawa, T Nakaki, T Marumo, M Hayashi, H Suzuki, R Kato, T Saruta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

High blood pressure is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effects of pressure on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Pressure without shear stress and stretch promotes cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in a pressure-dependent manner. Pressure-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited significantly by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate, the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine, staurosporine, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ([3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl]methylene)propanedinitrile. To clarify whether activation of PLC and calcium mobilization are involved in pressure-induced DNA synthesis, production of 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and intracellular Ca2+ was measured. Pure pressure increased IP3 and intracellular Ca2+ in a pressure-dependent manner. The increases in both IP3 and intracellular Ca2+ were inhibited significantly by 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate. This study demonstrates a novel cellular mechanism whereby pressure regulates DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells, possibly via activation of PLC and protein kinase C.
Tetracyclines and young children.
Authors: J G Howie
Journal: BMJ (1973)

student" is not the one for whom both my patients and I are so grateful.A con- sultant responsible for a clinical service must accept a major responsibility for the calibre of his team and for delegation of duties to its members.He should learn as well as teach, and I am grateful for all that social workers have taught me concerning the difficulties and at times tragedies complicating the lives of patients.This information has proved vitally important in the planning of treatment and postoperative care.-Iam, etc.
Mechanisms and risk factors for proarrhythmia with type Ia compared with Ic antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
Authors: J H Levine, J Morganroth, A H Kadish
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Proarrhythmia defined as the exacerbation of existing arrhythmias or the genesis of new arrhythmias de novo may result from any antiarrhythmic agent. The two general clinical syndromes of sustained arrhythmias that result appear to have distinct clinical properties that are consistent with the proposed basic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. Torsades de points occurs most commonly in association with administration of type Ia antiarrhythmic agents and has characteristics most consistent with triggered activity mediated by early after depolarization. Conversely, incessant, sustained, monomorphic, wide complex ventricular tachycardia occurs most commonly in association with type Ic antiarrhythmic agents and has characteristics most consistent with incessant reentry. These general subdivisions are probably oversimplified, and in fact, much overlap likely exists. In addition, these proposed mechanisms may not apply to other forms of proarrhythmia such as an increased frequency of isolated ventricular premature couplets or repetitive forms. Furthermore, proarrhythmia may also occur during treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias; although some of these described syndromes are consistent with incessant reentry, the clinical syndromes are not sufficiently defined to better characterize potential mechanisms. Further investigation, therefore, is needed to better define the mechanisms in question, but the mechanisms proposed in this article help to provide a rational approach toward understanding and dealing with clinical proarrhythmia.
Co-infection of human parvovirus B19 in Vietnamese patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Nguyen L. Toan, Le H. Song, Peter G. Kremsner, Dinh N. Duy, Vu Q. Binh, Anja Duechting, Heike Kaiser, Joseph Torresi, Reinhard Kandolf, C.-Thomas Bock
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Crossover Study with Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) in Type I Diabetic Subjects
Authors: R Landgraf, S Kammerer, T Bock, B Smolka, T Ladik, F Enzmann, M M C Landgraf-Leurs
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The activity of three combinations of regular and NPH human insulin (recombinant DNA) has been compared to that of an intermediate-acting pork insulin in a crossover study in type I diabetic subjects. After a prephase, the patients injected each insulin subcutaneously for 1 wk in different order. During the 5-wk period, daily glucose profiles were self-monitored, except at the end of each week, when blood was sampled for the determination of glucose, HbA1, glycosylated albumin, C-peptide, glucagon, and routine laboratory parameters. Fasting as well as mean daily glucose and mean amplitude of glucose excursions were similar during the treatment with pork and the various human insulin preparations. There was also no significant difference in C-peptide, glucagon, HbA1 or the routine laboratory parameters with each insulin tested. Glycosylated albumin, however, was significantly lower during the test period with intermediate-acting pork insulin and human insulin (25:75 regular:NPH), when compared with the prephase. We conclude that in type I diabetic subjects human insulin in special galenic preparations shows very similar metabolic activity to pork insulin.
Double Oxygen–sensing Vector System for Robust Hypoxia/Ischemia-regulated Gene Induction in Cardiac Muscle In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ekaterina V Fomicheva, Immanuel I Turner, Terri G Edwards, Janet Hoff, Eric Arden, Louis G D'Alecy, Joseph M Metzger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

High-fidelity genetically encoded bio-sensors that respond to changes in cellular environmental milieu in disease offer great potential in a range of patho-physiological settings. Here a unique hypoxia-regulated vector-based system with double oxygen-sensing transcriptional elements was developed for rapid and robust hypoxia-regulated gene expression in the heart. Hypoxia-responsive cis elements were used in tandem with a single proline-modified oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha to form a double oxygen-sensing vector system (DOSVS). In adult cardiac myocytes in vitro, the DOSVS demonstrated a low background expression not different from baseline control in normoxia, and with 100% efficiency, robust, 1,000-fold induction upon hypoxia. In the heart in vivo, hypoxic and ischemic challenges elicited rapid 700-fold induction in living animals, exceeding that obtained by a high-fidelity constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral promoter. DOSVS also showed high temporal resolution in the heart in response to cyclical bouts of hypoxia in vivo. We propose that DOSVS will be valuable for a range of applications, including bio-sensing and therapeutic gene expression in the heart and other organ systems that are confronted by chronic or episodic hypoxic/ischemic stresses in vivo.
Routine Coagulation Screening in Children Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Does Not Predict Those at Risk of Bleeding
Authors: E. Giles, E. Walton-Salih, N. Shah, R. Hinds
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Routine coagulation screening prior to gastrointestinal endoscopy is performed in many centres in the UK, despite the lack of any evidence to support the practice. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of routine pre-endoscopy coagulation screening in children and to assess how widespread this practice is in the UK.We performed a retrospective analysis of the case notes of 250 consecutive patients who had undergone routine coagulation screening prior to endoscopy and biopsy, in accordance with our unit's protocol, looking for evidence of abnormal results or episodes of bleeding. We also performed a telephone survey of the protocols for coagulation screening at other paediatric units in the UK which are known to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy on a routine basis.According to our hospital's laboratory reference ranges, 16.8 % of the children who underwent endoscopy and biopsy had abnormal clotting. This was neither clinically significant nor associated with an increased bleeding risk in any patient. Of the 23 UK paediatric gastroenterology centres surveyed, including our own, five (21.7 %) perform routine coagulation screening before endoscopy.This study suggests that, although it is a relatively common practice, routine coagulation screening is not indicated in children who are undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy, and that it does not predict those at risk of significant bleeding. We would therefore suggest that if pre-endoscopy screening is to be performed, it should be reserved for those who are potentially at high risk of bleeding.
Avulsion of the anterior papillary muscle of the mitral valve due to non-penetrating trauma to the chest.
Authors: R Pillai, S W Fountain, S A Qureshi, A Mitchell, A Rees
Journal: Thorax (1982)

MiddlesexMitral regurgitation due to avulsion of a papillary muscle is a rare complication of closed injury to the anterior chest wall.Rupture