tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Status and Response to Clomiphene in Male Gonadotrophin Deficiency
Authors: CARLOS R. HAMILTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Clomiphene citrate, 200 mg daily for 7 to 14 days and 50 to 100 mg daily for 4 additional weeks, produces significant increases in plasma levels of gonadotrophins and testosterone in normal males. Patients with multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies or with isolated gonadotrophin deficiency and type I hyposmia (absent response to vapors at the primary olfactory area) were unresponsive to clomiphene. With clomiphene treatment two of three patients with type II hyposmia (subnormal olfactory responsiveness) and one of two patients with normal olfaction and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism had increases of levels of plasma testosterone and plasma or urinary gonadotrophins to the normal male range. Normal spermatogenesis was demonstrated in two cases and fertility in one. Clomiphene is effective treatment for certain males with gonadotrophin deficiency.
Nuclear factor- B inhibition and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: inflammation as a target for therapy
Authors: F. Marra
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Pattern formation and morphogenesis of cell populations is essential for successful embryogenesis. Steinberg proposed the differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH), and differences in cell–cell adhesion and interfacial tension have proven to be critical for cell sorting. Standard theoretical models such as the vertex model consider not only cell–cell adhesion/tension but also area elasticity of apical cell surfaces and viscous friction forces. However, the potential contributions of the latter two parameters to pattern formation and morphogenesis remain to be determined. In this theoretical study, we analyzed the effect of both area elasticity and the coefficient of friction on pattern formation and morphogenesis. We assumed the presence of two cell populations, one population of which is surrounded by the other. Both populations were placed on the surface of a uniformly expanding environment analogous to growing embryos, in which friction forces are exerted between cell populations and their expanding environment. When the area elasticity or friction coefficient in the cell cluster was increased relative to that of the surrounding cell population, the cell cluster was elongated. In comparison with experimental observations, elongation of the notochord in mice is consistent with the hypothesis based on the difference in area elasticity but not the difference in friction coefficient. Because area elasticity is an index of cellular stiffness, we propose that differential cellular stiffness may contribute to tissue elongation within an expanding environment.
Preliminary Observations on the Use of Human Arterial Grafts in the Treatment of Certain Cardiovascular Defects
Authors: Robert E. Gross, Elliott S. Hurwitt, Alexander H. Bill, E. Converse Peirce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

FOR many years surgeons have felt the need for some technical procedure that would help in bridging gaps of the arterial system when a large vessel has been destroyed by trauma or has become thrombosed because of degenerative disease or embolism, or when certain cardiovascular abnormalities require operative correction. Extensive investigations have been conducted to further the work of other experimenters and to determine the feasibility of transferring a segment of large artery from one animal to another of the same species. Full reports of these studies will be published elsewhere.1 2 3 In the laboratory for surgical research sections of abdominal . . .
CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF STRESS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Cezar Iliescu, Manuel Reyes, Simon B. Abi Aad, Jose Banchs, Elie Mouhayar, Monika Leja, Iyad Daher, Wamique Yusuf, Jean-Bernard Durand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Differences in Oxygen Metabolism of Phagocytosing Monocytes and Neutrophils
Authors: Michael Reiss, Dirk Roos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The oxidative metabolism of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood was studied in resting and phagocytosing cells. Monocytes, like neutrophils, showed an increase in oxygen consumption during phagocytosis with a concurrent release of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Both oxygen products are highly reactive agents with potential bactericidal activity. Neutrophils consumed two and a half times as much oxygen, generated about twice as much superoxide, and released five times as much hydrogen peroxide as monocytes did. Monocytes generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at equivalent rates.Antimycin A, a specific mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor, depressed the oxygen consumption of monocytes by congruent with70% but had no effect on neutrophil respiration. Therefore, the oxygen consumed by phagocytosing monocytes appeared to be metabolized in two distinct processes: congruent with30% of the oxygen is converted to hydrogen peroxide, whereas the remaining 70% is metabolized via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The release of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was unaffected by antimycin in either cell type. Phagocytosis of zymosan particles by monocytes was nearly abolished by antimycin, whereas no effect was noted with neutrophils. Thus, phagocytosis appears to be highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in monocytes but not in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Moreover, in monocytes treated with antimycin, an addition of opsonized zymosan particles induced stimulation of the oxidative metabolism without occurrence of ingestion.
The EOL-1 cell line as an in vitro model for the study of FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Authors: Jan Cools, Hilmar Quentmeier, Brian J. P. Huntly, Peter Marynen, James D. Griffin, Hans G. Drexler, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Blood (2003)
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in T-Cell Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luca Gattinoni, Yun Ji, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Wnt ligands are lipid-modified secreted glycoproteins that regulate embryonic development, cell fate specification, and the homeostasis of self-renewing adult tissues. In addition to its well-established role in thymocyte development, recent studies have indicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the differentiation, polarization, and survival of mature T lymphocytes. Here, we describe our current understanding of Wnt signaling in the biology of post-thymic T cells, and discuss how harnessing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might improve the efficacy of vaccines, T-cell-based therapies, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of patients with cancer.
Lyndsay MacLennan (née Grant)
Authors: James M McCallum, Hamish S Grant
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Bathgate (b Lincoln 1974; q Glasgow 1997; MRCGP, DRCOG, DFFP), died from ruptured ectopic pregnancy and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy on 14 July 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




As an undergraduate Lyndsay undertook two electives in mission hospitals in Saba (Malaysia) and Natal. She completed her postgraduate training in and around Stirling before entering a general practice partnership in Bathgate in 2001. Outwardly quiet and modest, Lyndsay also possessed a calm determination to see things through to their appropriate conclusion. She leaves a husband, Graham.
TCT-261 Safety and efficacy of Bivalirudin monotherapy in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI: Results from the ACUITY Study
Authors: Cristiano F. Souza, Roxana Mehran, Ajay J. Kirtane, Sorin Brener, Tom McAndrew, Frederick Feit, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Should Pharmacists Evaluate the Practices of Physicians?
Authors: Gerald P. Bodey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Dr Taylor<sup>1</sup>introduces an issue that should be of concern to physicians, namely, the increasing evaluation of their practices by nonphysicians. Apparently this pharmacist initiated a review of antibiotic prescribing at his own instigation without any input from a physician. The major focus of the review was to detect whether "less expensive antibiotical alternatives" could have been selected. The author concluded that there were "preferred alternatives" based on culture and sensitivity reports. The selection of antibiotics is based on more than just a culture and sensitivity report. Often therapy must be initiated before such information is available. When the patient is seriously ill, the physician needs to be confident that he has provided broad-spectrum coverage against many potential pathogens. Failure to do so could result in the patient's death. When laboratory reports become available, the physician may not feel comfortable in changing to
Reasons to be hopeful: streams of renewal in healthcare
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ten ideas that may produce a radical but coherent vision of future healthcare



Perhaps it’s simply because sweet spring and blue skies have returned to my home on the Australian coast, but it feels like a good time to celebrate some of what’s hopeful amid the constant chaos, change, and controversy that is contemporary healthcare.

The iconoclastic former BMJ editor Richard Smith has mused that medicine might need to feel utterly defeated for it to undergo much needed radical renewal.1 Whether or not defeat is imminent, a culture shift is being debated,2 and renewal is inevitable. The current medical-industrial paradigm—fragmented, technocratic, mechanistic, inhuman, and imperial—is neither healthy nor sustainable. While there’s much that is hopeful in debates about clinical medicine, public health, and beyond, I’d like to identify 10 streams of change that may ultimately coalesce to form a coherent vision of radical renewal.

The evidence informed approach has helped provide a reality check to an overconfident medical establishment, identifying limits to effectiveness, sometimes trivial benefits, and often uncertain harms. It’s also helped sensitise policy makers and the public …
Preventing severe infection after splenectomy: Authors' reply
Authors: Adrian Newland, Drew Provan, Steven Myint
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
Management of Active Crohn Disease
Authors: Adam S. Cheifetz
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Treatment of Crohn disease is rapidly evolving, with the induction of novel biologic therapies and newer, often more intensive treatment approaches. Knowing how to treat individual patients in this quickly changing milieu can be a challenge.<h3>Objective</h3>To review the diagnosis and management of moderate to severe Crohn disease, with a focus on newer treatments and goals of care.<h3>Evidence Review</h3>MEDLINE was searched from 2000 to 2011. Additional citations were procured from references of select research and review articles. Evidence was graded using the American Heart Association level-of-evidence guidelines.<h3>Results</h3>Although mesalamines are still often used to treat Crohn disease, the evidence for their efficacy is lacking. Corticosteroids can be effectively used to induce remission in moderate to severe Crohn disease, but they do not maintain remission. The mainstays of treatment are immunomodulators and biologics, particularly anti–tumor necrosis factor.<h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3>Immunomodulators and biologics are now the preferred treatment options for Crohn disease.
Systemic Sclerosis and Acral Osteolysis
Authors: Leonardo Astudillo, Elisabeth Arlet-Suau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 71-year-old woman received a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis more than 30 years ago when she presented with Raynaud's phenomenon and cutaneous sclerosis. At that time she did not require long-term therapy. She now presents with fever and venous ulceration of both legs. On physical examination it was discovered that the tips of all 10 fingers and some toes were missing.She reported no history of severe trauma or surgery to her fingers or toes. A test for antinuclear antibodies was positive at 1:1280, and though unusual, there were detectable levels of both anti-Scl70 antibodies and anticentromere antibodies; the presence of . . .
The risk of bias from omitted research
Authors: S. Garattini
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The rise of evidence based health care has highlighted the use of ineffective interventions, the risks of uncoordinated research, and the consequences of relying on studies published in prestigious journals while ignoring unpublished ones that have negative findings.1-5 Systematic reviews of the best evidence are now recognised as fundamental tools in overcoming these problems because they highlight questions that need urgent answers.6 But is evidence based health care achieving its goals? Aren't systematic reviews which are based on existing research at risk of amplifying the irrelevant? Should we be more concerned about “bias caused by omitted research” than the well recognised pitfall of publication bias?

The increasing awareness of this danger is leading to efforts to correct this imbalance. One such attempt is the Cochrane Collaboration (an international organisation named after Archie Cochrane, the British epidemiologist), which is committed to preparing, maintaining, and disseminating systematic reviews to map the value of healthcare interventions.7 The public and the media are attracted to alternative medicine, while doctors, who often criticise the use of these unproved …
The Diploma vs. Examination.
Authors: O. B. Will
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Peoria, Ill., Feb. 23, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your remarks in your issue of February 21 under the caption "The Diploma vs. Examination" lead me to a desire to know your reasons for the position therein taken. The question involved is a particularly vital one at the present stage of legislative effort on the part of the profession of the state of Illinois, and a goodly number, including myself, entertain views diametrically opposed to those you have expressed. If the judgment of such is erroneous, I for one should like to have it corrected by efficient arguments. The action of a majority of our state or territorial legislatures is not alone conclusive, in that a particularly active coterie of medical men may, as we have had reason to know, secure legislation not representative of the sentiments of the profession as a whole. I can not conceive of the likelihood of
Hybridization of the Primary Care Disciplines-Reply
Authors: John P. Geyman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  I applaud the letter by Dr Ferrari as an illustration of the kind of interspecialty collaboration that can broaden the clinical training, experience, and competence of future primary care physicians. Both this letter and that by Dr Rivera raise the question of what breadth of practice is reasonable and educationally attainable for the residency-trained primary care physician.  Although space constraints preclude response to all of the issues raised, several points must  made. First, the educational and practice goals for the primary care physician are not to become a jack of all trades or to be all things to all people. Rather, the goal is to prepare the primary care physician to skillfully provide a broad spectrum of personal, continuing care for patients and their families regardless of age, sex, or presenting complaint. This assumes that the primary care physician's training will encompass an appropriate body of knowledge,
Melioidosis as a Cause of Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: D Nandurkar, K Lau
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by the saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. Infection can be acquired by ingestion, inhalation, or wound contamination. Typically, the healthy host is symptom-free and acute disease develops in patients with coexistent diabetes, renal impairment, chronic pulmonary disease, and immunosuppression. We report a culture-proven case of multifocal osteomyelitis caused by B. pseudomallei in a patient of Southeast Asian origin. The presentation with osteomyelitis was preceded a week earlier by development of a community-acquired pneumonia. Our case alerts clinicians about this unusual etiology of osteomyelitis that is a result of reactivation of latent B. pseudomallei.
Vanadium Clips for Sterilization Operations
Authors: H. C. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  I should like to call attention to the usefulness of Weck clips in the performance of sterilization operations.  Vasectomy clinics are beginning to open, and hospitals are loosening their restrictive policies toward tubal ligation. Methods of performing the procedures that are simple and dependable should be publicized.  My colleagues and I, working with the Voluntary Sterilization Association of Indiana, have been using clips for the operation on both men and women. For the men, I make a small midline scrotal incision, immobilizing the vas under the skin with Walton-Allis forceps and bringing out a loop 3 cm long. Six Weck clips, medium size, are used on either side, and the vas is divided between the sets of three clips, placed proximally and distally over the vas and its fascia. The most proximal clip is fairly loosely and gently placed, so it will not cut through; the next
Evidence for different subgroups of difficult asthma in children
Authors: D N R Payne
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Children with difficult asthma experience frequent symptoms despite treatment with high dose inhaled steroids. Persistent symptoms may result from persistent airway inflammation which can be monitored by measuring exhaled nitric oxide (NO). This study aimed to assess the role of airway inflammation, using NO as a surrogate, in children with difficult asthma and to investigate the response to oral prednisolone. <h3>METHODS</h3> NO was measured in 23 children (mean age 11.7 years) with difficult asthma, before and after 2 weeks of treatment with oral prednisolone. The clinical response was assessed by spirometric tests, peak flow, bronchodilator use, and symptoms. Adherence to treatment was assessed by measuring serum prednisolone and cortisol concentrations. NO was measured in 55 healthy children to establish a normal range. <h3>RESULTS</h3> NO concentrations were higher in asthmatic patients than in controls (geometric mean 11.2 <i>v</i> 5.3 ppb, p&lt;0.01). Using grouped data, the concentration of NO fell following prednisolone (11.2 <i>v</i> 7.5 ppb, p&lt;0.01) accompanied by an improvement in morning peak flow (p&lt;0.05). The baseline NO concentration was raised (&gt;12.5 ppb) in nine asthmatic patients and remained high after prednisolone in five. Thirteen had normal levels of NO (&lt;12.5 ppb) before and after prednisolone. Thirteen asthmatic patients remained symptomatic following prednisolone; NO levels were raised on both occasions in five of these and were normal in seven. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> As a group, the asthmatic subjects demonstrated evidence of airway inflammation which responded to prednisolone. At least two subgroups of patients were identified: one with persistently raised NO levels despite treatment with oral prednisolone indicating ongoing steroid insensitive inflammation, and another with normal levels of NO. Both subgroups included patients with persistent symptoms, which suggests that different patterns of difficult asthma in children exist.
Utility of the Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test
Authors: STEVEN CUMMINGS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1982Utility of the Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody TestSTEVEN CUMMINGS, M.D., PAUL HEINECKEN, M.D., PAUL FEIGENBAUM, M.D.STEVEN CUMMINGS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL HEINECKEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL FEIGENBAUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-258_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although we generally agree with Richardson and Epstein's analysis of the limits of the clinical utility of the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test (1), their review contains three potentially misleading points.First, we do not believe that a general internist's patient who has four American Rheumatism Association (ARA) clinical criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus has only a 5% chance of having the disease. A woman with nondeforming inflammatory arthritis, malar rash, glomerulonephritis, and pleuropericarditis very likely has systemic lupus erythematosus in any practice situation. To arrive at their estimates, Richardson and Epstein applied specificity values...References1. RICHARDSONEPSTEIN BW. Utility of the flourescent antinuclear antibody test in a single patient. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:333-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COHENREYNOLDSFRANKLIN AWE. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bull Rheum Dis. 1971;21:643-8. Google Scholar3. GRINERMAYEWSKIMUCHLINGREENLAND PRAP. Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures: principles and applications: Ann Intern Med. 1981:94(part 2):553-600. Google Scholar1. WOLFSHEAHANMCCORMICKMICHELMOSKOWITZ LMJBR. Classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency in normal patients. JAMA. 1976;236:1497-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco General Hospital Veterans Administration Hospital Kaiser Foundation Hospital San Francisco, CA PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1982Volume 96, Issue 2Page: 258-259KeywordsAntinuclear antibodiesGlomerulonephritisInflammatory arthritisLupus erythematosusRashesSpecificitySystemic lupus erythematosus Issue Published: 1 February 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...