tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulations of the College of Surgeons
Authors: E. Belfour
Journal: BMJ (1841)

1839, no Provincial Hospital will in future be recognised by this College which contains fewer than 1O0 patients, and no metro- politan hospital which contains fewer than 150 patients.f An Anatomical Session is understood to extend from Oc- tober to April inolusive,.and to comprise at least 140 Lectures Dn Anatomy and Physiology, occupying not less than onie hour each, given on separate days; and at least 100 Demonstrations 3f the like duration, given in a similar manner; exclusive of Dissections, of wbich distinct certiticatea are required.
The Final Epidemic: Physicians and Scientists on Nuclear War
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This compact book on a topic of great importance to physicians today has 22 contributors, 14 of whom are physicians. One physician, E. I. Chazov, is the USSR Deputy Minister of Health. Ten of the contributors are associated with Harvard University. Other experts include Professor Rotblat of the University of London, Professor P. J. Lindop of St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, R. J. Lifton, professor of psychiatry at Yale, and Herbert Scoville, Jr, president of the Arms Control Association.  The book is a distillation of lectures selected from continuing medical education symposia given around the country over the last two years sponsored by a number of medical schools, including those at Harvard, Columbia, and Stanford. These symposia were very successful and well attended, with the number of participants ranging from 700 at the first symposium at Harvard to 3,000 at the most recent symposium in Los Angeles. Chapter topics include
Abstract 5495: BET bromodomain inhibitors abrogate cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in Myc-induced mouse lymphoma cells without affecting MYC transcription
Authors: Joydeep Bhadury, Lisa M. Nilsson, Lydia Green, Zhoulei Li, Emily M. Gesner, Somsundar Veppil Muralidharan, Henrik C. Hansen, Ulrich B. Keller, Kevin G. Mclure, Jonas A. Nilsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Overexpression of one of the three MYC genes is a hallmark of many human cancers. They encode transcription factors that regulate expression of a number of genes critical for tumor development. Conditional transgenic mouse models have shown that Myc inhibition causes tumor regression; Myc is therefore an attractive target for therapy, and effective pharmacological Myc inhibition has been a long-standing goal in cancer research. Recent publication have shown that selective inhibition of BET bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain family of proteins, that bind to acetylated lysines on histones, show promise as potent anti-cancer drugs via down-regulation of the MYC oncogene. Here we confirm that two structurally different BET protein inhibitors (BETi), JQ1 (proto-type) and RVX2135, inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells arising in Myc-transgenic mice. BETi have been reported to directly inhibit MYC transcription. Surprisingly, in our system BET inhibition had no effect on MYC transcription, despite exhibiting broad transcriptional effects evident from expression profiling. Our data challenge the prevailing view that BETi operate primarily via suppression of MYC transcription in hematological malignancies. Instead we suggest that BET proteins have Myc-independent pleiotropic effects that should be exploited to treat a wide range of cancers. Myc still remains a challenging target for therapy to date. Citation Format: Joydeep Bhadury, Lisa M. Nilsson, Lydia Green, Zhoulei Li, Emily M. Gesner, Somsundar Veppil Muralidharan, Henrik C. Hansen, Ulrich B. Keller, Kevin G. Mclure, Jonas A. Nilsson. BET bromodomain inhibitors abrogate cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in Myc-induced mouse lymphoma cells without affecting MYC transcription. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5495. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5495
Post-Transplantation Proteinuria and Sirolimus
Authors: Hassane Izzedine, Isabelle Brocheriou, Camille Frances
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Proteinuria may develop in renal-transplant recipients who have converted from treatment with calcineurin inhibitors to treatment with sirolimus1; the mechanism of this occurrence is unknown. We hypothesized that the antiangiogenic properties of sirolimus might be responsible. We determined the plasma concentrations and renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a specimen from a renal-allograft biopsy performed to evaluate post-transplantation proteinuria during sirolimus conversion in a patient with Kaposi's syndrome. A 68-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis and end-stage renal disease due to IgA nephropathy underwent cadaveric liver and renal transplantation in May 1996. Eight years . . .
HBcAg expressed on the surface of circulating dane particles in patients with hepatitis B virus infection without evidence of anti-HBc formation
Authors: Bernd Möller, Uwe Hopf, Roman Stemerowicz, Günther Henze, Hans Gelderblom
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Circulating immune complexes composed of HBcAg and anti-HBc have been demonstrated recently in patients with hepatitis B virus replication. After dissociation of immune complexes by chaotropic ions, HBcAg was quantified radioimmunologically. In the present study, we describe 10 patients with hepatitis B virus replication, absent or delayed anti-HBc formation and exposed HBcAg in serum. Four of the 10 patients had acute hepatitis, and six patients had chronic persistent hepatitis. In seven of 10 patients, a secondary immune defect was apparent due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, leukemia, histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis or end-stage renal disease. Electron microscopy demonstrated that Dane particles from anti-HBc-negative patients were agglutinated after addition of monoclonal anti-HBc antibodies, whereas Dane particles from anti-HBc-positive sera did not show agglutination. Monoclonal HBsAg-specific antibodies aggregated Dane particles independent of the presence of anti-HBc. Circulating HBcAg was always associated with the Dane particle fraction after density gradient separation. Hepatitis B virus core proteins from patients with and without anti-HBc studied by immunoblotting after sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis showed identical patterns. Hepatocytes from anti-HBc-negative patients were positive for HBcAg but negative for immunoglobulin G by immunofluorescence technique. The data indicate that HBcAg may also be expressed on the surface of Dane particles, where it is commonly masked by anti-HBc.
Consent for Publication
Authors: Jeff Murray
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The timely article by Barry D. Weiss, MD (1982;247:2695), raised the issue of obtaining informed consent for the publication of patientrelated materials in medical journals. Specifically, he noted that although 67% of nonprimary care physicians would report families in medical journals without informing the family, only 25% of patients would expect to be so reported without being informed. While the legal ramifications of this are mentioned in the article<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial (1982; 247:2708), there is another aspect that we would like to bring to the attention of physicians. Increasing numbers of relatively rare disorders are filling the medical literature, making it almost impossible for physicians in specialized disciplines to be aware of all the disorders that may affect certain patients. Many of these diseases can be diagnosed only with invasive, time-consuming, and expensive studies. Coupled with this is the highly mobile nature of the
OPHTHALMIA NODOSA OR CATERPILLAR-HAIR OPHTHALMIAWITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: WALTER R. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

By ophthalmia nodosa is understood an affection of the eye caused by the entrance into the tissues of the eyeball of the hair of certain varieties of caterpillar. It was first described by Pagenstecher<sup>1</sup>in 1883 as "caterpillar-hair ophthalmia," later by Wagenmann<sup>2</sup>as "pseudotuberculosis," and by Saemisch as "ophthalmia nodosa." It shows a tendency to form tubercle-like structure, often showing nodules appearing singly or in crops, progressing mostly with exacerbation and remissions. The patient does not always give a history of caterpillar contact, the diagnosis being made with the aid of the microscope. We are indebted for studies on this subject to Baas,<sup>3</sup>Wagenmann,<sup>2</sup>Hillemann,<sup>4</sup>Kruger,<sup>5</sup>Lawford,<sup>6</sup>Stargardt,<sup>7</sup>de Schweinitz and Shumway,<sup>8</sup>Teutschlaender<sup>9</sup>and others, and for an analysis of the literature to Ginsberg,<sup>10</sup>Greeff,<sup>11</sup>and Parsons.<sup>12</sup> The disease is most common among those who work in
Fallibility of the epicardial electrocardiogram in quantitation of myocardial necrosis
Authors: A. SNIDERMAN, L. MICKLEBOROUGH, I. HUTTNER, N. POIRIER, J. SYMES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Estimation of infarct size utilising the epicardial electrocardiogram has been the subject of considerable controversy. The present study re-examines this technique in a dog model. It demonstrates that epicardial Q waves and S-T elevation are qualitative markers of local necrosis with different degrees of reliability; neither, however, is quantitatively related in a simple linear fashion to extent of necrosis. Conclusions from previous studies have been influenced both by different mathematical analyses of data and the inclusion of nonhomogenous sites in linear regression models.
Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system
Authors: W Post
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Methylation of the promoter region of the estrogen receptor gene alpha (ER α) occurs as a function of age in human colon, and results in inactivation of gene transcription. In this study, we sought to determine whether such age-related methylation occurs in the cardiovascular system, and whether it is associated with atherosclerotic disease. Methods: We used Southern blot analysis to determine the methylation state of the ER α gene in human right atrium, aorta, internal mammary artery, saphenous vein, coronary atherectomy samples, as well as cultured aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Results: An age related increase in ER α gene methylation occurs in the right atrium (range 6 to 19%, R=0.36, P<0.05). Significant levels of ER α methylation were detected in both veins and arteries. In addition, ER α gene methylation appears to be increased in coronary atherosclerotic plaques when compared to normal proximal aorta (10±2% versus 4±1%, P<0.01). In endothelial cells explanted from human aorta and grown in vitro, ER α gene methylation remains low. In contrast, cultured aortic smooth muscle cells contain a high level of ER α gene methylation (19–99%). Conclusions: Methylation associated inactivation of the ER α gene in vascular tissue may play a role in atherogenesis and aging of the vascular system. This potentially reversible defect may provide a new target for intervention in heart disease.
Drugs and the Special Child
Authors: Jerome L. Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This volume suffers from a series of problems; it does not appear to be aimed at a particular audience. Consequently it is not, in its entirety, suitable for any. There are a number of duplications, leading to the impression that there was little, if any, editorial pulling together of the articles. The quality of the articles varies, with the low point being very low, eg, the statement that, "The stimulant drugs are thought to have a direct effect on that part of the brain referred to as the central nervous system (CNS)." On the other hand, a review of research design by De Long is an excellent overview for nonresearchers. The article by Allen and Safer reviewing their own and other work on the long-term effect of stimulant drugs is also of value. Weithorn provides an excellent review of children's rights, a field that is rapidly evolving.
The GTPase dMiro Is Required for Axonal Transport of Mitochondria to Drosophila Synapses
Authors: Xiufang Guo, Greg T. Macleod, Andrea Wellington, Fangle Hu, Sarvari Panchumarthi, Miriam Schoenfield, Leo Marin, Milton P. Charlton, Harold L. Atwood, Konrad E. Zinsmaier
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Compound blue naevus: a potential simulator of melanoma
Authors: C. Carrera, B. Ferrer, J.M. Mascaró, J. Palou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Compound blue naevus: a potential simulator of melanoma Get access C. Carrera, C. Carrera Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain E‐mail: criscarrer@yahoo.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Ferrer, B. Ferrer Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Mascaró, Jr, J.M. Mascaró, Jr Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Palou J. Palou Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 1, 1 July 2006, Pages 207–208, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07287.x Published: 01 July 2006
Abstract 9946: Serum Immunoglobulin G4 Levels Are Increased in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease but Not in Atherosclerotic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Aiko Sakamoto, Nobukazu Ishizaka, Yasushi Imai, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing disease may manifest as cardiovascular disorders, such as inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm and lymphoplasmacytic aortitis. Immune inflammatory process is recognized to underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thus we investigated the serum levels of IgG4. Methods: Serum levels of IgG4 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), another marker for lymphocytic activation, were measured in 571 patients (424 males) who underwent coronary angiography. Among the 571 patients enrolled, 409 patients had angiographically-proven coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, 86 patients had aortic aneurysm: abdominal aortic aneurysm alone, 49; thoracic aortic aneurysm alone, 21, and both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm, 16. Results: The mean age of the 571 patients was 66.9 ± 10.3 years. In patients with CAD, the medians of serum levels of IgG4 (34.1 mg/dL) and sIL-2R (396 U/mL) were significantly higher than in those without CAD (IgG4, 30.5 mg/dL, P=0.045; sIL-2R, 322 U/mL, P&lt;0.001). Age and gender-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the first (151-292 U/mL), second (293-378 U/mL), third (379-509 U/mL), and fourth (510-3180 U/mL) quartiles of sIL-2R levels had the graded association with CAD with the odds ratio of 1 (reference), 2.21 (95% CI 1.32-3.71), 2.25 (95% CI 1.32-3.85), and 2.50 (95% CI 1.45-4.30), respectively. The fourth quartiles of IgG4 (≥ 57.1 mg/dL) and sIL-2R (≥ 510 U/mL) were also predictive of CAD with an odds ratio of 2.21 and 2.13, respectively, compared with the lowest quartiles among 371 subjects without PCI/CABG history. The medians of IgG4 and sIL-2R levels in patients with aortic aneurysm were 36.6 mg/dL and 384 U/mL, respectively, and these did not significantly differ from those without aortic aneurysm (IgG4, 32.5 mg/dL; sIL-2R, 374 U/mL). Conclusions: Serum levels of IgG4, as well as sIL-2R, were significantly higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD among subjects without previous coronary interventions, suggesting that IgG4-related immune inflammation may play a role in the coronary atherogenesis. On the other hand, values of these markers did not significantly differ according to the presence or absence of the aortic aneurysm.
A gangster rap
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Everybody needs a gang. They need the collective identity, security, and friendship, but most of all they need the sense of belonging. The royal colleges are gangs—their membership marked by polyester association ties, polymix suits, comfortable shoes, and bloated, mumbling, Godfathers—out to preserve their turf, using whatever means are necessary.

But not even the most hardened college goodfellows could cope on the inner city streets. Here groups of young men and women, blinded by their immaturity, mete out violence without thought or insight. They mark their …
Chemical modulation of airway epithelial permeability.
Authors: R C Boucher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The mucosal surface of the conducting airways has specialized structures for respiratory defense. Glands secret mucus that may act as a barrier to particle penetration and participate in particle clearance. Intraepithelial irritant receptors aid in particle clearance through airway constriction and cough. The epithelium acts as a barrier to the penetration of inhaled material into the airway wall. Morphologic studies have identified the tight junctions adjoining respiratory epithelial cells as the principal barrier to passive solute translocation across the airway. New approaches have been used to study airway epithelial function. Use of excised canine trachea mounted in Ussing chambers has permitted quantitative estimates of probe molecule permeation, the correlation of permeability with bioelectric properties, and estimation of equivalent pore radii. Probe molecule diffusion across canine trachea [mean transmucosal electric potential difference (PD) = 33 mV, lumen negative] is directly related to conductance (2.9 mS/cm2) and is compatible with an equivalent pore radius of 7.5 nm. Direct measurement of tracheal PD in vivo (-29 mV) facilitates study of the genesis of the biopotential in intact animals. Measurement of the movement of HRP by radioimmunoassay has allowed correlation of the rate of probe flow across airway walls in vivo with ultrastructure. These approaches lend themselves to the study of pharmacologic and toxicologic effects on epithelial function. Antigen challenge, diethyl ether, and unfractionated cigarette smoke have been shown to increase epithelial permeability to HRP accompanied by ultrastructural evidence of tight junctional damage. Application of pharmacologic agents, e.g. amphotericin, ouabain, onto the respiratory epithelium induces similar changes in in vitro and in vivo PD. We conclude that techniques that have been used to measure permeability and transport in other epithelia may help elucidate modes of action of environmental agents on airways.
BI-08 * MICROVESICLES CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TUMOR PROGRESSION AND TREATMENT EFFECT/PSEUDOPROGRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH RADIATION AND TEMOZOLOMIDE
Authors: S. M. Evans, C. J. Koch, R. Lustig
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The standard of care for glioblastoma (GB) is radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) following optimal surgery. This regimen has been accompanied by an increase in the occurrence of equivocal imaging findings, e.g. tumor progression vs. treatment effect (TE), which includes pseudoprogression (PsP). Thus decisions regarding further treatment are difficult and often delayed. None of the current imaging methods for identifying TE/PsP have proven sensitive and specific. Therefore, we developed a method to isolate microvesicles (MV) from blood sample in patients with GB. MV are defined herein as lipid membrane-bound sacs with a diameter >300 nm. METHODS: 3 ml citrated blood was collected from GB patients at their RT simulation and at multiple times during and following treatment. MV were isolated during multiple centrifugations (300g, 2500g, 15,000g). The pellet from the final spin was analyzed using flow cytometry. Antibodies to phosphotidylserine were used to identify the MV. RESULTS: We analyzed 16 blood samples from 10 GB patients that met analysis criteria: the MV sample was obtained at or following the completion of CRT and, a definitive diagnosis (TP, TE or PSP) was reached within 60 days of the date of the sample. MV counts in the patients with stable disease or TE/PsP were significantly lower than patients who developed recurrence or died of their disease (p = 0.0385). Based on MRI and/or pathological assessment, 2 patients have died of their disease, 1 patient is alive with recurrence, 3 patients have stable disease and 4 patients are being followed for PsP vs. tumor progression (TP). SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that the analysis of blood (liquid biopsy) for MV may be useful to distinguish TE/PsP from TP in GB patients. MVs may be valuable in addition to standard imaging for decision making in patients with equivocal imaging findings.
Taking treatment to the people in Ethiopia
Authors: P. J Watkins, V. Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ethiopia is a huge country with a population of about 60 million, most of whom live in villages scattered far and wide in the dramatic mountainous landscape. Medical care is provided mainly in hospitals in the towns, with more limited facilities in rural health centres. Treatment for diabetes is available only in hospitals, which may be more than 200 kilometres from patients' homes.

Access to these hospitals is by foot or mule, or by bus if the fare can be paid, and some patients may travel up to five days in each direction to receive their treatment. Diabetic clinics in Gondar in the north and Jimma in the south each care for about 500 patients, but it seemed obvious to us that many, quite understandably, fail to attend, and if they are insulin dependent, must be presumed …
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, AS DEFINED BY THE RIFLE CRITERIA, IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AND LENGTH OF STAY IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Scott Aydin, Howard Seiden, Andrew Blaufox, Vincent Parnell, Tarif Choudhury, Ann Punnoose, James Schneider
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Blood and Body Functions
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The physician concerned with hematologic disorders is strongly oriented towards those functions of the blood which may be grossly altered in these diseases, but he gives little thought to many other functions. This little volume is of interest, since it concisely reviews a good part of existing knowledge regarding all blood functions, including fluid balance, oxygen, transport, cellular defense against infection, humoral defense, hemostasis, temperature regulation, and the transport of foodstuffs, metabolites, vitamins, enzymes, and waste products. Topics of greatest emphasis are fluid balance and blood coagulation.  The style is expository, with quantitation where appropriate. There are 44 chapters, most of them four to eight pages in length. General organization is adequate but could be better. References are at the bottoms of pages and include particularly initial articles, selected references of interest to the author, and some current items. He has relied heavily on the Biological Handbook (1961) and Wintrobe's
Enterokinase in normal intestinal biopsies and those from patients with untreated coeliac disease
Authors: J. F. Woodley, R. Keane
Journal: Gut (1972)

Enterokinase was measured in peroral intestinal biopsies showing normal histology and in those from untreated coeliac patients which showed gross villous atrophy. There was no significant difference in the specific activity of enterokinase between these two groups. These results do not support the recent hypothesis that enterokinase is a brush border enzyme, but would be consistent with the idea that it is adsorbed to the cell membrane following secretion.