tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs in blood of yusho and yu-cheng patients.
Authors: T Kashimoto, H Miyata, S Fukushima, N Kunita, G Ohi, T C Tung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Individual blood samples obtained from yusho and yu-cheng patients who had been poisoned by ingesting contaminated cooking oils, from workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and from unexposed individuals were analyzed for PCBs, polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PCBs were found in the blood of all samples. PCQs were detected in the blood of 54 of 56 living yusho patients 11 years after the outbreak, and in all yu-cheng patients 6 months following poisoning. These facts indicate that the presence of PCQs in the blood was a good mark of past ingestion of the toxic oil. In the yu-cheng cases, PCDFs as well as PCBs and PCQs were detected in all blood samples. These identified isomers have been reported to be remarkably highly toxic compounds, i.e., both the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated compounds are toxicologically hundreds to thousands of times more toxic than PCB. In view of the high toxicity of PCDFs found in the yu-cheng patients' blood, we must deduce that they are the primary causal agents of yusho as well as of the yu-cheng incident.
Frequency and spectrum of mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the c-K-ras gene in human tumors.
Authors: G Capella, S Cronauer-Mitra, M A Pienado, M Perucho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The frequency of point mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the c-K-ras gene has been determined in a panel of more than 400 human tumors. Mutant c-K-ras genes were detected in about 75% of adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (n = 84); 40% of adenomas (n = 72) and carcinomas (n = 244) of the colon end rectum; 30% of carcinomas of the bile duct (n = 19); 25% of carcinomas of the lung (n = 92), and in lower frequency in other carcinomas, including liver, stomach, and kidney. No mutations were found in carcinomas of the breast, prostate, esophagus, and gall bladder, among others. Comparative analysis of the spectrum of mutations show that while G to A transitions were the most frequent mutations in pancreatic and colo-rectal tumors, G to T transversions were more prevalent in lung carcinomas. The aspartic acid mutation at codon 13 (GGC----GAC) was relatively frequent in colo-rectal tumors but rare in pancreatic and lung carcinomas. The differences in the mutation spectrum of the c-K-ras gene in cancers of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are suggestive of differential exposure to genotoxic agents.
Vitamins for Chronic Disease Prevention in Adults
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher, Kathleen M. Fairfield
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Vitamin deficiency syndromes such as scurvy and beriberi are uncommon in Western societies. However, suboptimal intake of some vitamins, above levels causing classic vitamin deficiency, is a risk factor for chronic diseases and common in the general population, especially the elderly. Suboptimal folic acid levels, along with suboptimal levels of vitamins B(6) and B(12), are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon and breast cancer; low levels of vitamin D contribute to osteopenia and fractures; and low levels of the antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, E, and C) may increase risk for several chronic diseases. Most people do not consume an optimal amount of all vitamins by diet alone. Pending strong evidence of effectiveness from randomized trials, it appears prudent for all adults to take vitamin supplements. The evidence base for tailoring the contents of multivitamins to specific characteristics of patients such as age, sex, and physical activity and for testing vitamin levels to guide specific supplementation practices is limited. Physicians should make specific efforts to learn about their patients' use of vitamins to ensure that they are taking vitamins they should, such as folate supplementation for women in the childbearing years, and avoiding dangerous practices such as high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy or massive doses of fat-soluble vitamins at any age.
Value of cytology for detecting endometrial abnormalities.
Authors: J Studd
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Engaging chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients to actively participate in self-management has proven difficult. Digital health technology (DHT) promises to facilitate a patient-centred care model for the management of COPD by empowering patients to self-manage effectively. However, digital health studies in COPD have yet to demonstrate significant patient outcomes, suggesting that this research has still to adequately address the needs of patients in the intervention development process. The current study explored COPD patients9 perceptions of the potential benefits of DHT in the self-management and treatment of their disease. A sample of convenience was chosen and participants (n=30) were recruited from two Dublin university hospitals and each underwent a qualitative semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis of the data was completed using NVivo 12 software. Six themes were identified: symptom management, anxiety management, interaction with physician, care management, personalising care and preventative intervention. In our findings, patients reported a willingness to take a more active role in self-management using DHT. They perceived DHT potentially enhancing their self-management by improving self-efficacy and engagement and by supporting healthcare professionals to practise preventative care provision. The findings can be used to inform patient-centred COPD digital interventions for researchers and clinicians who wish to develop study aims that align with the needs and preferences of patients.
Chronic fatigue syndrome is not caused by XMRV virus, study shows
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The XMRV virus, which has been implicated as a possible cause of chronic fatigue syndrome, is not the cause of the disease, an overview of four research papers has concluded.

The new findings, from researchers at University College London, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and the University of Oxford, show that cell samples used in previous research were contaminated with mouse DNA and that this was the source of the XMRV (xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus). The papers are all open access and are available at www.retrovirology.com/. 

The virus was first linked to chronic fatigue syndrome in a study published in Science in October 2009 (2009:326;585-9, doi:10.1126/science.1179052), which found that blood samples from patients …
PREDICTION AND SELECTIVE PROPHYLAXIS OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN ELECTIVE GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
Authors: G.D.O. Lowe, B.M. Mcardle, D.C. Carter, D. Mclaren, D.H. Osborne, A. Smith, C.D. Forbes, C.R.M. Prentice
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
A CASE OF FATAL JAUNDICE
Authors: R. A. Veale, B. H. Wedd
Journal: BMJ (1918)

rqx8lL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MRD]JCAL Jouw&g.34 it is a condition of traumatic retino-choroiditis characterized by diffuse cloudiness of the retina, numerous small exudates in the choroid, and fine dust-like opacities of the vitreous.
Inflammation Converts Human Mesoangioblasts Into Targets of Alloreactive Immune Responses: Implications for Allogeneic Cell Therapy of DMD
Authors: Maddalena Noviello, Francesco Saverio Tedesco, Attilio Bondanza, Rossana Tonlorenzi, Maria Rosaria Carbone, Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli, Sarah Marktel, Sara Napolitano, Maria Pia Cicalese, Fabio Ciceri, Giuseppe Peretti, Giulio Cossu, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to regenerate healthy tissues starting from a limited amount of self-renewing cells. Immunological rejection of cell therapy products might represent a major limitation. In this study, we investigated the immunological functional profile of mesoangioblasts, vessel-associated myogenic stem cells, currently tested in a phase 1-2a trial, active in our Institute, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report that in resting conditions, human mesoangioblasts are poorly immunogenic, inefficient in promoting the expansion of alloreactive T cells and intrinsically resistant to T-cell killing. However, upon exposure to interferon-γ or differentiation into myotubes, mesoangioblasts acquire the ability to promote the expansion of alloreactive T cells and acquire sensitivity to T-cell killing. Resistance of mesoangioblasts to T-cell killing is largely due to the expression of the intracellular serine protease inhibitor-9 and represents a relevant mechanism of stem cell immune evasion.
Antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine: meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies
Authors: D. Taylor, A. Sparshatt, S. Varma, O. Olofinjana
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To systematically review published and unpublished efficacy studies of agomelatine in people with depression. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Literature search (Pubmed, Embase, Medline), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulatory file for agomelatine, manufacturers of agomelatine (Servier). <b>Eligibility criteria</b> Double blind randomised placebo and comparator controlled trials of agomelatine in depression with standard depression rating scales. <b>Data synthesis</b> Studies were pooled by using a random effects model with DerSimonian and Laird weights for comparisons with placebo and comparator antidepressant. The primary efficacy measure (change in rating scale score) was summarised with standardised mean difference (SMD; a measure of effect size) and secondary outcome measures with relative risks. All results were presented with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical heterogeneity was explored by visual inspection of funnel plots and by the I<sup>2</sup> statistic. Moderators of effect were explored by meta-regression. <b>Results</b> We identified 20 trials with 7460 participants meeting inclusion criteria (11 in the published literature, four from the European Medicines Agency file, and five from the manufacturer). Almost all studies used the 17 item Hamilton depression rating scale (score 0-50). Agomelatine was significantly more effective than placebo with an effect size (SMD) of 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.35) and relative risk of response 1.25 (1.11 to 1.4). Compared with other antidepressants, agomelatine showed equal efficacy (SMD 0.00, −0.09 to 0.10). Significant heterogeneity was uncovered in most analyses, though risk of bias was low. Published studies were more likely than unpublished studies to have results that suggested advantages for agomelatine. <b>Conclusions</b> Agomelatine is an effective antidepressant with similar efficacy to standard antidepressants. Published trials generally had more favourable results than unpublished studies.
Hypothalamic Tanycytes Are an ERK-Gated Conduit for Leptin into the Brain
Authors: Eglantine Balland, Julie Dam, Fanny Langlet, Emilie Caron, Sophie Steculorum, Andrea Messina, S. Rasika, Anthony Falluel-Morel, Youssef Anouar, Bénédicte Dehouck, Eric Trinquet, Ralf Jockers, Sebastien G. Bouret, Vincent Prévot
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Will Investments in Large-Scale Prospective Cohorts and Biobanks Limit Our Ability to Discover Weaker, Less Common Genetic and Environmental Contributors to Complex Diseases?
Authors: Morris W. Foster, Richard R. Sharp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Increasing the size of prospective cohorts and biobanks is one approach to discovering previously unknown contributors to complex diseases, but it may come at the price of concealing contributors that are less common across all the participants in those larger studies and of limiting hypothesis generation. Prospective cohorts and biobanks constitute significant, long-term investments in research infrastructure that will have ongoing consequences for opportunities in biomedical research for the foreseeable future. Thus, it is important to think about how these major additions to research infrastructure can be designed to be more productive in generating hypotheses for novel environmental contributors to complex diseases and to help identify genetic and environmental contributors that may not be common across the larger samples but are more frequent within local or ancestral subsets. Incorporating open-ended inquiries and qualitative information about local communal and ecologic contexts and the political, economic, and other social structures that affect health status and outcome will enable qualitative hypothesis generation in those localized contexts, as well as the collection of more detailed genealogic and family health history information that may be useful in designing future studies. Using communities as building blocks for larger cohorts and biobanks presents some practical and ethical challenges but also enhances opportunities for interdisciplinary, multilevel investigations of the multifactorial contributors to complex diseases.
Growth in Medical Students Through Group Process
Authors: JAMES J. CADDEN, FREDERIC F. FLACH, SARA BLAKESLEE, RANDOLPH CHARLTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Voluntary participation in group seminars is offered to freshman medical students at Cornell Medical College in an effort to make the medical student, and hence the graduate physician, a more sensitive, empathic, and self-aware individual. The authors outline the techniques used in the seminars and discuss problem areas within the program. Student interest has been high, and participants' reactions to the experience, although varied, have generally been favorable. The program has also promoted greater faculty-student communication, the authors conclude, thus indirectly enhancing the entire learning process.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Local Arterial Distensibility In Vivo
Authors: Ian B. Wilkinson, Ahmed Qasem, Carmel M. McEniery, David J. Webb, Albert P. Avolio, John R. Cockcroft
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. Several lines of evidence support a role for the endothelium in regulating arterial stiffness by release of vasoactive mediators. We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) acting locally regulates arterial stiffness in vivo, and the aim of this experiment was to test this hypothesis in an ovine hind-limb preparation. Methods and Results — All studies were conducted in anesthetized sheep. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated by the foot-to-foot methodology from 2 pressure waveforms recorded simultaneously with a high-fidelity dual pressure-sensing catheter placed in the common iliac artery. Intra-arterial infusion of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA) increased iliac PWV significantly, by 3±2% ( P &lt;0.01). Infusion of acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate reduced PWV significantly, by 6±4% ( P =0.03) and 5±2% ( P &lt;0.01), respectively. Only the effect of acetylcholine, however, was significantly inhibited during coinfusion of L-NMMA ( P =0.03). There was no change in systemic arterial pressure throughout the studies. Importantly, infusion of L-NMMA or acetylcholine distal to the common iliac artery (via the sheath) did not affect PWV. Conclusions — These results demonstrate, for the first time, that basal NO production influences large-artery distensibility. In addition, exogenous acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate both increase arterial distensibility, the former mainly through NO production. This may help explain why conditions that exhibit endothelial dysfunction are also associated with increased arterial stiffness. Therefore, reversal of endothelial dysfunction or drugs that are large-artery vasorelaxants may be effective in reducing large-artery stiffness in humans, and thus cardiovascular risk.
Paediatrician David Southall is allowed to call more witnesses in his defence
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The paediatrician David Southall has successfully fought off an attempt at the UK General Medical Council—described by his counsel as “unprecedented”—to stop him calling new witnesses about the circumstances surrounding the events that gave rise to charges against him.

Richard Tyson, counsel for two mothers whose children were treated by Dr Southall, argued that the witnesses (other paediatricians who were involved in the cases) should not be called to give factual evidence because findings of fact had already been made. Dr Southall’s counsel, Mary O’Rourke QC, maintained that their evidence would be relevant to deciding whether his behaviour reached the threshold of serious professional misconduct.

The long running case began at the …
Overlooked Lesions at Emergency Endoscopy for Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: C.-L. Cheng, C.-S. Lee, N.-J. Liu, P.-C. Chen, C.-T. Chiu, C.-S. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Excessive blood covering the examination field is a frequent cause of diagnostic failure in emergency endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The implications and outcome in these patients have not been well described. Patients and Methods: The records for 1459 consecutive patients who presented at our medical center with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding during a 15-month period were reviewed. All of the patients underwent emergency endoscopy within 24 h of initial presentation. Patients in whom an identifiable bleeding source was not found in spite of an overtly bloody lumen were designated as having a failure of diagnosis, and these cases were analyzed further. Results: Diagnosis failed in 25 patients (1.7 %), 16 of whom underwent repeat endoscopy or surgical intervention. Bleeding vessels were identified in 13 of these patients. Gastric and duodenal ulcers were the most commonly overlooked lesions, with locations in the cardia (n = 3), fundus (n = 2), posterior wall of the antrum (n = 1), duodenal bulb (n = 3), second part of the duodenum (n = 2), and in the stoma of a Billroth II gastrectomy (n = 2). The rates for endoscopic complications, recurrent bleeding, surgery, and mortality were significantly higher in the group with diagnostic failure than in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom diagnosis did not fail (8 % vs. 0.4 %; 20 % vs. 3.1 %; 16 % vs. 2.9 %; and 20 % vs. 3.6 %, respectively). Conclusions: In acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diagnostic failure is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The data from this study emphasize the importance of good preparation before the procedure and adequate removal of blood during emergency endoscopy procedures.
Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles for magnetically guided in vivo delivery of interferon gamma for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Raquel Mejías, Sonia Pérez-Yagüe, Lucía Gutiérrez, Lourdes I. Cabrera, Roberto Spada, Pilar Acedo, Carlos J. Serna, Francisco J. Lázaro, Ángeles Villanueva, María del Puerto Morales, Domingo F. Barber
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Corticosteroids and Optic Neuritis
Authors: Donald H. Silberberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Despite years of research, multiple sclerosis remains one of the most difficult neurologic disorders to understand and treat. Acute optic neuritis is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis, either a first manifestation or one appearing during the course of the illness. When optic neuritis occurs in a person with no past evidence of multiple sclerosis, other causes of optic-nerve dysfunction must be excluded, such as local compression of the nerve, vascular disease, sarcoidosis, syphilis, or another systemic disorder. If optic neuritis occurs in isolation, it is termed idiopathic and presumed to be due to inflammation and demyelination of the optic . . .
CD44-related chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, a cell surface receptor implicated with tumor cell invasion, mediates endothelial cell migration on fibrinogen and invasion into a fibrin matrix.
Authors: C A Henke, U Roongta, D J Mickelson, J R Knutson, J B McCarthy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Microvascular endothelial cell invasion into the fibrin provisional matrix is an integral component of angiogenesis during wound repair. Cell surface receptors which interact with extracellular matrix proteins participate in cell migration and invasion. Malignant cells use CD44-related chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) as a matrix receptor to mediate migration and invasion. In this study, we examine whether cell surface CSPG can mediate similar events in nonmalignant wound microvascular endothelial cells or whether use of CSPG for migration and invasion is a property largely restricted to malignant cells. After inhibiting CSPG synthesis with p-nitrophenyl beta-d xylopyranoside (beta-d xyloside), wound microvascular endothelial cells were capable of attaching and spreading on the surface of a fibrin gel; however, their ability to invade the fibrin matrix was virtually eliminated. To begin to examine the mechanism by which endothelial cells use CSPG to invade fibrin matrices, cell adhesion and migration on fibrinogen was examined. Endothelial cell adhesion and migration on fibrinogen were inhibited by both beta-d xyloside and after cleavage of chondroitin sulfate from the core protein by chondroitinase ABC. We have determined that wound microvascular endothelial cells express the majority of their proteoglycan as CSPG and that the CSPG core protein is immunologically related to CD44. PCR studies show that these cells express both the "standard" (CD44H) isoform and an isoform containing the variably spliced exon V3. In addition, anti-CD44 antibody blocks endothelial cell migration on fibrinogen. Affinity chromatography studies reveal that partially purified microvascular endothelial cell CSPG binds fibrinogen. These findings suggest that CD44-related CSPG, a molecule implicated in the invasive behavior of tumor cells, is capable of binding fibrinogen/fibrin, thereby mediating endothelial cell migration and invasion into the fibrin provisional matrix during wound repair.
Reduced Risk of Esophageal Cancer Associated With Green Tea Consumption
Authors: Y. T. Gao, J. K. McLaughlin, W. J. Blot, B. T. Ji, Q. Dai, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Reduced Risk of Esophageal Cancer Associated With Green Tea Consumption Get access Yu Tang Gao, Yu Tang Gao Shanghai Cancer InstituteShanghai, People's Republic of China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph K. McLaughlin, Joseph K. McLaughlin Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Correspondence to : Joseph K. McLaughlin, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza North, Rm. 415G, Rockville, MD 20852. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Blot, William J. Blot Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bu Tian Ji, Bu Tian Ji Shanghai Cancer InstituteShanghai, People's Republic of China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Qi Dai, Qi Dai Shanghai Cancer InstituteShanghai, People's Republic of China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph F. Fraumeni Joseph F. Fraumeni Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 11, 1 June 1994, Pages 855–858, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.11.855 Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Received: 07 December 1993 Revision received: 23 February 1994 Accepted: 09 March 1994 Published: 01 June 1994