tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism of hepatitis C virus–like nonprimate hepaciviruses in horses
Authors: Stephanie Pfaender, Jessika M.V. Cavalleri, Stephanie Walter, Juliane Doerrbecker, Benedetta Campana, Richard J.P. Brown, Peter D. Burbelo, Alexander Postel, Kerstin Hahn, None Anggakusuma, Nina Riebesehl, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Paul Becher, Markus H. Heim, Thomas Pietschmann, Karsten Feige, Eike Steinmann
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a very narrow species and tissue tropism and efficiently replicates only in humans and the chimpanzee. Recently, several studies identified close relatives to HCV in different animal species. Among these novel viruses, the nonprimate hepaciviruses (NPHV) that infect horses are the closest relatives of HCV described to date. In this study, we analyzed the NPHV prevalence in northern Germany and characterized the clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism to explore the relevance of HCV-related horse viruses as a model for HCV infection. We found that approximately 31.4% of 433 horses were seropositive for antibodies (Abs) against NPHV and approximately 2.5% carried viral RNA. Liver function analyses revealed no indication for hepatic impairment in 7 of 11 horses. However, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations were mildly elevated in 3 horses, and 1 horse displayed even highly elevated GGT levels. Furthermore, we observed that NPHV infection could be cleared in individual horses with a simultaneous emergence of nonstructural (NS)3-specific Abs and transient elevation of serum levels of liver-specific enzymes indicative for a hepatic inflammation. In other individual horses, chronic infections could be observed with the copresence of viral RNA and NS3-specific Abs for over 6 months. For the determination of viral tissue tropism, we analyzed different organs and tissues of 1 NPHV-positive horse using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hydridization and detected NPHV RNA mainly in the liver and at lower amounts in other organs.Similar to HCV infections in humans, this work demonstrates acute and chronic stages of NPHV infection in horses with viral RNA detectable predominantly within the liver.
Health Insurers and Medical-Imaging Policy — A Work in Progress
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Medicare's expenditures on medical imaging have grown dramatically in recent years, with spending on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emission tomography increasing from $3.6 billion in 2000 to $7.6 billion in 2006 — more rapid growth than in any other service billed by physicians. John Iglehart discusses recent changes in Medicare policies that have reduced payments for imaging studies and the ongoing debate about new policy proposals to reduce the use of expensive imaging studies.
Correlation between atherosclerotic risk factors and coronary calcium by electron-beam tomography: A multivariate analysis in 1,875 patients
Authors: Dieter Ropers, Karsten Pohle, Ralph Mäffert, Gerd Muschiol, Irngard Bickel, Theresa Menéndez, Magda Kusus, Matthias Regenfus, Werner G. Daniel, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Hereditary Oedema (Milroy's Disease)
Authors: J. Braham, G. Howells
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MEDICAL JOURNAL promyelocytes, and myeloblasts formed from about 20 to 50% of the total for the first two weeks, gradually falling with the count (Table I).It has already been mentioned that the question of agranulocytosis following sulphadia- zine was raised after the first count.In our experience, however, it is unusual to find early granuloCytes in the peripheral blood in agranulocytosis except during recovery.Generally the polymorphs drop suddenly without warning, and no precursors reach the peripheral blood until regen- eration of the marrow is taking place In this case, also, only 8 g. of sulphadiazine had been given.The alternative suggestion of acute leukaemia appeared at first to fit the severe anaemia with myeloblasts in the peripheral blood, but sternal puncture did not confirm this.The findings of a definite megaloblastic reaction in the marrow suggested rather a deficiency of the haemopoietic principle, and it seemed probable that this was the primary abnormality and that the high proportion of myeloblasts was due to a coincident failure of maturation of the granulocytes rather than a true leukaemic 'change.Although liver therapy was not begun until a late stage in the disease, the poor response to the three preparations used seems to indicate the refractory nature of the anaemia.Defective absorption from the intestine may have been partly responsible for producing the anaemia, since proteolysed liver was even less effective than neohepatex.Nutritional deficiency might also account for the failure in maturation of the granulocytes. SummaryA case of megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy is described.An unusual feature was the marked immaturity of the circu- lating granulocytes simulating an acute myeloblastic leukaemia.The case proved refractory to various types of liver therapy and to blood transfusion.ADDENDUM
Single-balloon enteroscopy-guided hemostasis of an anastomotic ulcer in a patient with simultaneous enteric-drained pancreas–kidney transplant
Authors: S. de Melo Jr., S. Gupta, J. Arenas, J. Sreenarasimhaiah
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Enteric-drained pancreas transplantations have been increasing [1]. Access to the surgical anastomosis is desirable for monitoring of rejection and management of bleeding complications. A 34-year-old diabetic man with nephropathy requiring hemodialysis underwent simultaneous enteric-drained pancreas–kidney transplantation. On postoperative day 6, he developed hematochezia. Physical examination revealed red blood in the rectum. The hematocrit declined from 35 % to 23 % within 24 hours. After volume resuscitation, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were performed, demonstrating esophagitis, sigmoid diverticulosis, and old blood. The terminal ileum was evaluated but the surgical anastomosis was not reached. The next day, hematochezia recurred, with a drop in hematocrit from 27 % to 23 %. A retrograde single-balloon enteroscopy (SIFQ180; Olympus Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with a disposable overtube (ST-SB1, Disposable Sliding Tube; Olympus) was performed. The duodenal stump–ileal anastomosis was reached, approximately 60 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, revealing active, spurting bleeding from a visible vessel within an anastomotic ulcer ([Fig. 1]). Three endoclips (QuickClip2; Olympus) were placed at the bleeding site, with successful hemostasis ([Fig. 2]). The donor duodenum could be easily visualized ([Fig. 3]). The patient had no further bleeding episodes.
Neutralization of reovirus: the gene responsible for the neutralization antigen.
Authors: H L Weiner, B N Fields
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The S1 genome segment of reovirus is linked to type specificity as determined by neutralization antibody. This gene segment codes for a minor outer capsid polypeptide (sigma1). Therefore, sigma1 is the peptide responsible for induction of neutralization antibody and confers type specificity. This biologic property of reovirus was defined using hybrid recombinants clones between reovirus types 1 and 3 and 2 and 3.
Rabbit beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein increases endothelial macromolecular transport without altering electrical resistance.
Authors: M Navab, G P Hough, J A Berliner, J A Frank, A M Fogelman, M E Haberland, P A Edwards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) were grown on micropore filters in a new device. This system allowed in situ measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). The monolayers demonstrated a TEER of 14 +/- 1 omega X cm2 at confluence. No difference was seen in the transport of low density lipoproteins (LDL) across endothelial cell monolayers obtained from normal or Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, indicating that the LDL receptor was not involved in the LDL transport. TEER was inversely correlated with 22Na transport (r2 = 0.93, P = less than 0.001) but not with 125I-LDL transport. The amount of LDL transported at 15 degrees C or across glutaraldehyde-fixed monolayers was half that of the controls at 37 degrees C. Preincubation of the monolayers with rabbit beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) increased cholesterol content by 65%, and the transport of albumin and LDL doubled without a change in TEER. Removal of beta-VLDL from the culture medium resulted in the return of cellular cholesterol content and LDL transport to control values. We conclude that preincubation of RAEC with beta-VLDL resulted in an increased permeability to LDL and albumin, and that beta-VLDL may promote increased transendothelial transport of macromolecules in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sachin S. Goel, Shikhar Agarwal, E. Murat Tuzcu, Stephen G. Ellis, Lars G. Svensson, Tarique Zaman, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Lee Joseph, Neil S. Patel, Olcay Aksoy, William J. Stewart, Brian P. Griffin, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— With the availability of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, management of coronary artery disease in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) is posing challenges. Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with severe AS and coronary artery disease remain unknown. We sought to compare the short-term outcomes of PCI in patients with and without AS. Methods and Results— From our PCI database, we identified 254 patients with severe AS who underwent PCI between 1998 and 2008. Using propensity matching, we found 508 patients without AS who underwent PCI in the same period. The primary end point of 30-day mortality after PCI was similar in patients with and without severe AS (4.3% [11 of 254] versus 4.7% [24 of 508]; hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–1.69; P =0.2). Patients with low ejection fraction (≤30%) and severe AS had a higher 30-day post-PCI mortality compared with those with an ejection fraction &gt;30% (5.4% [7 of 45] versus 1.2% [4 of 209]; P &lt;0.001). In addition, AS patients with high Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (≥10) had a higher 30-day post-PCI mortality than those with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons score &lt;10 (10.4% [10 of 96] versus 0%; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— PCI can be performed in patients with severe symptomatic AS and coronary artery disease without an increased risk of short-term mortality compared with propensity-matched patients without AS. Patients with ejection fraction ≤30% and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score ≥10% are at a highest risk of 30-day mortality after PCI. This finding has significant implications in the management of severe coronary artery disease in high-risk severe symptomatic AS patients being considered for transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Radioprotection of Lung Tissue by Soy Isoflavones
Authors: Gilda G. Hillman, Vinita Singh-Gupta, Fulvio Lonardo, David J. Hoogstra, Lisa M. Abernathy, Christopher K. Yunker, Shoshana E. Rothstein, Joseph Rakowski, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Shirish Gadgeel, Andre A. Konski, Michael C. Joiner
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract 9: 2-deoxyglucose caused toxicity is regulated by the Bcl-2 family and is enhanced by Bcl-2 antagonist in lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Oksana Zagorodna, Sean Martin, Tomomi Kuwana, Douglas Spitz, C. Michael Knudson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction. 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) is a glucose analog and inhibitor of glycolysis that has been shown to have anti-cancer activity, proposed to be due to altered metabolism of cancer cells. 2DG has also been reported to induce ER stress through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. Whether 2DG is effective in lymphoma and the mechanisms of cell death are not known. Materials and Methods. Five tumor cell lines were independently derived from Lck-Bax driven murine T cell lymphomas (TCLs). The sensitivity of these cell lines to 2DG was determined by plasma membrane integrity and clonogenic survival. Caspase inhibitors, overexpression of Bcl-2, downregulation of Bim, the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737, and mannose were utilized to determine the molecular mechanism of 2DG-caused death in lymphoma cell lines. Results and Conclusions. TCLs are uniformly sensitive to physiologically relevant concentrations of 2DG treatment. The cell death pathway involves Bax “activation” and Caspase cleavage following 2DG treatment. However, qVD-OPh effectively inhibited caspase activity while providing minimal protection from death. In contrast, expression of Bcl-2 enhanced both short term and clonogenic survival of 2DG treated cells. A Bcl-2 antagonist, ABT-737, sensitized TCLs to 2DG-induced cell death. Examination of BH3-only members demonstrated that both Bim and Bmf were upregulated following 2DG treatment. Importantly, downregulation of Bim with shRNAs protected from 2DG treatment, demonstrating that Bim is a critical mediator of 2DG toxicity. We also observed that 2DG led to CHOP induction, a transcription factor shown to directly mediate Bim upregulation following ER stress. Mannose, a reagent known to alleviate ER stress induced by 2DG, also transiently protected from cell death. While mannose effectively blocked CHOP upregulation, Bim upregulation was delayed but not blocked indicating that 2DG upregulated BIM and induced cell death by ER stress dependent and independent mechanism. However, both pathways converge at a step that involves the activation of Bax and is blocked by Bcl-2. We conclude that 2DG toxicity is regulated by the Bcl-2 family, and the combination of Bcl-2 inhibition and 2DG is a candidate for effective therapeutic strategy for lymphoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 9. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-9
Abstract 1539: Fusion events in NSCLC cell lines identified by whole transcriptome analysis
Authors: Seung-Hyun Jung, Yeun-Jun Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Since the discovery of Philadelphia chromosome, human chromosomal rearrangements consequence the great deal within the distinct area of cancer biomarker discovery and targeted therapy. These events are commonly generated by breaking and re-joining the segments on either inter- or intra-chromosomal locations, creating an error within DNA repair mechanism responsible for oncogenic properties and, one of the reasons, causing cancer. Also, alteration in the programing of gene regulation changes the transcriptome structure resulting pathological conditions. Recent advances in the cancer epidemiology predicted the highest death rates within Europe and Korea due to lung cancer representing the leading cause of death within cancer patients. Therefore, we have sequenced the whole transcriptome following the highly sensitive path of RNA-seq with the combination of bioinformatics tools and experimental confirmation. The mRNA was subjected on Illumina HiSeq2000 for paired-end (PE) sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted on Linux based software tools. The PE reads were aligned with Ensemble reference human genome version hg19 using TopHat2 and bowtie1. The fusion events were predicted using two different software packages, deFuse and Tophat-Fusion, and expression analysis was conducted using Cufflinks and R-package cumeRbund. The predicted fusion break-points were confirmed by target specific sanger-sequencing. Through the RNA-seq analysis, we identified a number of fusion events shared by oncogenes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-lines including EML4:ALK fusion identified in recently established gefitinib resistant SNU2292 cell-line and some novel ones. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression of cell-line specific fusion genes was also observed. Our result will be helpful not only for discovering novel biomarkers but also for understanding the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Seung-Hyun Jung, Yeun-Jun Chung. Fusion events in NSCLC cell lines identified by whole transcriptome analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1539. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1539
A Team Approach to Sports Medicine
Authors: Thomas Fried
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Sports medicine has sometimes been regarded as the province of the orthopedic surgeon. Certainly, many emergencies require orthopedic care. However, a much broader perspective is needed if critical incidents are to be avoided and the full potential of Canadian athletes realized and sustained. A variety of professional skills are mandatory, including not only the insights of the surgeon, but also those of the physician, physiologist, biochemist, and psychologist, all working as a closely knit team with such technical experts as the physical educator, the coach, and the trainer. The contribution that such widely ranging skills can make towards improving athletic performance is illustrated by brief reports of cases of four recent patients. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>CASE 1.—Pes Cavus in a Runner.—</h3> A young man was a keen contestant in track-and-field events that involved distances of 2,000 meters and greater. His physique and general health were excellent, and training
PTU-208 Laparoscopic assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (LAP-EMR)
Authors: J Turner, J Torkington, M Davies, S Dolwani
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Successful colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may be limited by several factors such as lesion size, position, access and complexity. We present a series of cases performed by Lap-EMR, which has the potential to overcome these difficulties, safely extending the application of EMR. <h3>Methods</h3> Cases were identified from a prospectively held database recording patient demographics, polyp details, procedural complications and follow-up outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> 13 patients (62% male) underwent Lap-EMR between September 2008 and 2011. Median patient age 64 years old. Median polyp size 35 mm (range 12–60 mm). 85% of lesions were located within the right colon and 31% at either the hepatic or splenic flexures. Three patients required laparoscopic resection either due to lesion extension into the appendix (n=2) or failure to lift with submucosal injection (n=1), where histology revealed a focus of adenocarcinoma. One patient underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy due to post-polypectomy haemorrhage. No other peri-operative complications occured. The median post-operative hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–19 days). Small residual adenoma was identified in 3 out of 6 patients that have undergone 3-month follow-up to date, successfully treated with argon photocoagulation. No adenoma was identifed in these patients at follow-up 1 year later. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Lap-EMR is safe and effective in treating lesions that would otherwise require segmental colonic resection. It provides the option of localised laparoscopic resection, which is of particular benefit for lesions visible at the appendiceal orifice where suitability for resection can be difficult to assess at diagnostic colonoscopy. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease.
Authors: J E Muller, G H Tofler, P H Stone
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Information obtained during the past decade suggests the need to reexamine the possibility that the onset of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death is frequently triggered by daily activities. The importance of physical or mental stress in triggering onset of coronary thrombosis is supported by the findings that 1) the frequencies of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke show marked circadian variations with parallel increases in the period from 6:00 AM to noon, 2) transient myocardial ischemia shows a similar morning increase, and episodes are often preceded by mental or physical triggers, 3) a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, often nonobstructive by itself, lies at the base of most coronary thrombi, 4) a number of physiologic processes that could lead to plaque rupture, a hypercoagulable state or coronary vasoconstriction, are accentuated in the morning, and 5) aspirin and beta-adrenergic blocking agents, which block certain of these processes, have been shown to prevent disease onset. The hypothesis is presented that occlusive coronary thrombosis occurs when 1) an atherosclerotic plaque becomes vulnerable to rupture, 2) mental or physical stress causes the plaque to rupture, and 3) increases in coagulability or vasoconstriction, triggered by daily activities, contribute to complete occlusion of the coronary artery lumen. Recognition of the circadian variation--and the possibility of frequent triggering--of onset of acute disease suggests the need for pharmacologic protection of patients during vulnerable periods, and provides clues to mechanism, the investigations of which may lead to improved methods of prevention.
Effect of Potassium on Conduction and Ectopic Rhythms in Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Digitalis
Authors: CHARLES FISCH, J. PAUL SHIELDS, S. ANTHONY RIDOLFO, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Intravenous administration of potassium to patients with atrial fibrillation treated with digitalis resulted in depression of conduction through the A-V node, appearance of complete A-V dissociation and in some abolition of ventricular ectopic beats. The presence or absence of ectopic ventricular beats as well as the degree of depression of A-V node could be controlled at will by varying the rate of infusion. Termination of infusion was paralleled by prompt reappearance of all arrhythmias present before infusion started.
The Roles of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in Antigen-Induced Programmed Cell Death in T Cell Receptor Transgenic Mice
Authors: Huey-Kang Sytwu, Roland S Liblau, Hugh O McDevitt
Journal: Immunity (1996)

The possible involvement of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in antigen-specific AICD of thymocytes and mature T cells has been investigated. Antigenic stimulation in vivo of influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific TCRtg mice was used to demonstrate that the kinetics of thymocyte and peripheral CD4+ T cell deletion are similar in mice with normal (+/+) or defective Fas (lpr/lpr) background, indicating that a Fas-independent pathway(s) is responsible for the deletion of activated T cells. TCRtg–+/+ or TCRtg–lpr/lpr mice injected with murine TNF-blocking MAb (TN3) showed rapid apoptosis of thymocytes after HA stimulation, indicating that death signaling through Fas and TNF receptors is not essential for HA-induced thymocyte deletion. CD4+ peripheral T cells in TCRtg–lpr/lpr mice did not undergo apoptosis following injection with HA and TN3, indicating that TNF-mediated apoptosis is involved in the deletion of mature T cells after antigenic stimulation. However, apoptosis still occurred in TCRtg–+/+ mice injected with TN3, indicating that both Fas- and TNF-mediated cell death can contribute to the deletion of activated peripheral T cells.