tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME RECENT STUDIES ON HEREDITY.
Authors: EDMUND B. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

For convenience of presentation we may speak of studies on heredity as having followed three principal lines of inquiry. One of these, often known as the statistical or biometric method, includes the statistical treatment by precise mathematical methods of large masses of data obtained by the observation of heredity and variation as they occur under natural conditions. With the results in this direction I shall in no way attempt to deal. I will only recall that the most widely known of them is embodied in Francis Galton's so-called law of ancestral inheritance, which attempts to state the quantitative effect on the offspring of their entire ancestry, including not only the two parents, but also all the more remote progenitors.  The second method is that of experiment, pre-eminently by observing the operation of heredity in hybrid forms produced by crossing two different species, races or breeds. The importance of such experiments
Are "America's Best Hospitals" America's best?
Authors: A. Hartz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Green and colleagues 1 found weaknesses in the methods used by US News & World Report to rate hospitals according to quality of care. Despite these weaknesses, it is possible that the rating could be of some use to patients desiring to choose an excellent hospital.  We investigated the utility of the ratings using outcome data that were carefully adjusted for patient risk. Data for our analysis included the hospital's observed and predicted mortality rate for patients who had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in New York and Pennsylvania from 1990 to 1992. We aggregated these data for the 8 hospitals in New York and Pennsylvania that were listed in US News & World Report as among the best 41 hospitals in cardiac care. 2 The 10 909 patients in these 8 hospitals had an observed mortality rate of 3.45%, a predicted mortality rate of
TRPing up reperfusion: neutrophil TRPM2 channels exacerbate necrosis and contractile dysfunction in post-ischaemic myocardium
Authors: R. J. Korthuis, T. Kalogeris
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘Neutrophil TRPM2 channels are implicated in the exacerbation of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury’ by T. Hiroi et al ., pp. 271–281, this issue. 

Myocardial infarction, stroke, and other ischaemic disorders are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. As a consequence, intensive research efforts have been directed at determining the mechanisms underlying cell death and dysfunction induced by ischaemia. Although reperfusion is essential to rescue ischaemic tissues, re-establishing the blood supply is not without peril as it can provoke overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), inflammation, and an excessive rise in intracellular calcium levels as common triggers for cell dysfunction and death in post-ischaemic tissues. Thus, oxidative/nitrosative stress, neutrophils, other immunocytes, and calcium overload are now recognized as key contributors to the reperfusion-induced component of total tissue injury sustained in organs subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).1

Although a number of calcium channels have been implicated in I/R, recent work has focused attention on the potential role of redox-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels as novel mediators.1–5 These channels consist of six transmembrane domains and intracellular N and C termini that form monovalent cation channels with selectivity for Ca2+ and to a lesser extent Mg2+.2–5 TRPM2 channels are expressed by a variety of cells and together with TRPM6 and TRPM7 are unique among ion channels in that their C-terminus contains enzymatic domains that exhibit ADP ribose (ADPR) pyrophosphatase activity, providing this domain with a site for ADPR binding and activation of the channel.2–5 With regard to mechanisms relevant to I/R, TRPM2 channels are also activated by direct oxidation of channel moieties by H2O2 or indirectly via activation of enzymatic pathways [poly(ADPR) polymerase (PARP), poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase, or the NAD/cADPR glycohydrolases CD38 …
Preexisting Human Anti-murine Antibodies and the Effect of Immune Complexes on the Outcome of Immunoscintigraphy
Authors: GUSTAVO TORRES, LLUIS BERN??, MONTSERRAT ESTORCH, CANDIDO JU??REZ, DAVID MART??NEZ-DUNCKER, IGNASI CARRI??
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) are useful in radionuclide imaging. Human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA), however, could produce immunologic effects or alter the outcome of immunoscintigraphy. Three patients are reported who had been exposed previously to radiolabeled MoAbs and in whom subsequent immunoscintigraphy was performed. All patients showed abnormat biodistribution of the antibody and increased hepatic uptake. Human anti-murine antibody was demonstrated in all patients. These results indicate that immune complexes are formed after HAMA-MoAb reaction and are then phagocytosed by cells of the reticuloendothellal system.
Feasibility of Exercise Stress Echocardiography for the Follow-up of Children With Coronary Involvement Secondary to Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Elfriede Pahl, Rajesh Sehgal, Dale Chrystof, William H. Neches, Catherine L. Webb, C. Elise Duffy, Stanford T. Shulman, Farooq A. Chaudhry
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The development of coronary aneurysms as sequelae of Kawasaki disease can result in myocardial ischemia, infarction, and sudden death. Traditionally, these patients have undergone coronary angiography and nuclear stress imaging for risk stratification and follow-up. However, angiography is invasive, and both modalities expose the patient to repeated radiation, which is an important issue in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of performing exercise stress echocardiography in children diagnosed with coronary abnormalities secondary to Kawasaki disease. Methods and Results Treadmill exercise stress echocardiographic studies were performed in 28 children ages 6 to 16 years. All had acute Kawasaki disease 1 to 10 years before study, and coronary artery abnormalities were identified during previous echocardiographic imaging. Patients were exercised using a standard Bruce protocol. Transthoracic echocardiographic images, obtained in the parasternal long, short, apical two- and four-chamber views immediately before and after exercise, were digitized for review and analysis. In baseline studies before exercise, wall motion abnormalities were identified in 2 patients; these segments became normal with exercise. Two patients developed new exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities that corresponded to angiographically defined critical stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. No patients had resting or exercise-induced ECG evidence of ischemia. There were no adverse reactions, and 26 of 28 patients had normal exercise tolerance. Conclusions Among patients with coronary artery involvement resulting from Kawasaki disease, exercise stress echocardiography is a safe, noninvasive procedure and may identify children with myocardial ischemia that was not detected with ECG stress test alone.
TCTAP A-007 Routine Follow-up Coronary Angiography Versus Clinical Follow-up Only in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Eluting Stents: 3-Year Clinical Follow-up Results
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Shaopeng Xu, Jabar Ali, Harris Ngow, Ji Bak Kim, Cheol Ung Choi, Eung Ju Kim, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Minority Views on Improving Medical Care
Authors: Allan M. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

LAST week Dr. Bauer,1 a trustee of the American Medical Association, spoke to you on that organization's view concerning the problems of medical care. The subject assigned me concerns views that differ from those of the American Medical Association. Strangely enough, in this democratic country, whose people believe in the free expression of minority opinion, the propriety of presenting such views on medical matters is questioned by some physicians. Hence, their mere consideration here will almost inevitably be subject to criticism. A politician would probably have declined the assignment. Indeed, an officer of the American Medical Association even refused an . . .
Postjunctional effect of pinacidil on contractility of isolated bovine trachealis
Authors: P Song, D Rocchi, M Lazzarotti, E Crimi, K Rehder, V Brusasco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Potassium channel openers hyperpolarize the smooth muscle cell membrane and relax airway smooth muscle. In this study, pre- and postjunctional effects of pinacidil ((+/-) N-cyano-N'-(4-pyridil)-N"-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-guanidine monohydrated), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K(+)-channel opener, were determined in isolated bovine trachealis. The effects of pinacidil on the frequency-response to electrical field stimulation (EFS), 0.1-32 Hz, and on the concentration response to acetylcholine (ACh), 10(9)-10(-4) M, were compared in muscle strips from six animals. In addition, the effect of pinacidil on the inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (iNANC) system was evaluated in histamine-contracted muscle strips from another eight animals. Pinacidil (10(-6) or 10(-5) M) shifted both the EFS frequency-response and the ACh concentration-response curves significantly (p &lt; 0.01) to the right. Glibenclamide (10(-7)-10(-5) M) antagonized these responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of pinacidil on contractions of the same magnitude induced by EFS or exogenous ACh were not significantly different (p = 0.11), suggesting that pinacidil had only a postjunctional effect. Pinacidil had no effect on iNANC-mediated muscle relaxation. We conclude that pinacidil attenuates the contraction of isolated bovine tracheal smooth muscle by postjunctional mechanisms.
Claude Bernard's "Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine"
Authors: Laurence Irving
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In order to celebrate the profound influence in science and medicine of this historic publication, the Assembly of Professors of the College de France organized a colloquium around an important theme of Claude Bernard, le milieu interieur. Prof Bernard Halpern of the College de France, where Claude Bernard was professor during 20 years of his greatest activity, organized the program and was scientific president of the colloquium. The meetings were sustained by the Singer-Polignac Foundation (Paris) under its president, Prof Roger Heim, director of the Museum of Natural History.  The international assemblage of participants presented aspects of Claude Bernard's continuing strong impression upon science and medicine. His experimentation was as brilliant for its explicit scientific demonstrations as for the clarity of its relation to theoretical physiology. Claude Bernard directed experimentation particularly toward the physiological elucidation of regulation of bodily functions and furnished the first powerful support for application of the
New Risk Factors for Adult-Onset Incident Asthma. A Nested Case–Control Study of Host Antioxidant Defense
Authors: Emma K. Larkin, Yu-Tang Gao, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Terryl J. Hartman, Pingsheng Wu, Wanqing Wen, Gong Yang, Chunxue Bai, Meiling Jin, L. Jackson Roberts, Myron Gross, Xiao O. Shu, Tina V. Hartert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Host antioxidant defense, consisting of enzymatic antioxidant activity and nonenzymatic antioxidant micronutrients, is implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Studies of antioxidant defense and adult incident asthma have either used measures of antioxidants estimated from questionnaires or not considered enzymatic aspects of host defense.Objectives: We conducted the first study designed and powered to investigate the association of antioxidant defenses on adult incident asthma.Methods: In a nested case–control study, we followed Shanghai women (aged 40–70 years) without prevalent asthma at baseline, over 8 years. Subjects with incident asthma were ascertained prospectively by gold standard testing of symptomatic women and matched to two asymptomatic control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: Baseline urinary F2-isoprostanes, plasma concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients (tocopherols, xanthines, carotenes, and lycopene), and antioxidant enzyme activity (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH] and superoxide dismutase) were measured from samples collected before disease onset. Among 65,372 women, 150 (0.24%) developed asthma. F2-isoprostane levels before asthma onset were not different between cases and control subjects. Doubling of α-tocopherol concentrations and PAF-AH activity was associated with 50 and 37% decreased risk of incident asthma (α-tocopherol: adjusted odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.84; PAF-AH: adjusted odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.93).Conclusions: In this prospective study, α-tocopherol, within normal reference ranges, and PAF-AH enzymatic activity were associated with decreased asthma development. These modifiable risk factors may be an effective strategy to test for primary asthma prevention.
Pneumoencephalography and Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Charles B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Radiologists restricting their interests to diseases of the central nervous system, and notably to the interpretation of pneumographic and angiographic studies, have created a new specialty, neuroradiology. The present book appears soon after outstanding publications by Taveras and Wood, Robertson, and Di Chiro, with which it must compete as a current reference on pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography. The first of four chapters describes normal radiographic anatomy. The second covers congenital malformations, emphasizing agenesis and malformations of the corpus callosum. A chapter on vascular diseases includes aneurysms, vascular malformations, arterial and venous occlusions, and intracranial hemorrhage, while a discussion of pseudotumor cerebri logically follows a section on cerebral venous thrombosis. The longest chapter, "Brain Tumors," occupies the last half of the book. Meningiomas receive separate consideration according to location, and pituitary adenomas, chordomas, craniopharyngiomas, and pineal tumors also are described as individual entities. All other tumors are classified by anatomical site,
The Hospitalist Movement
Authors: Heidi Wald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 October 1999The Hospitalist MovementHeidi Wald, MDHeidi Wald, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Wald)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Central to the debate about the hospital movement are medical inpatients who do not require a specialized unit and often have no affiliated primary care physician. Vying for the opportunity to care for these patients are the hospitalists, most of whom are internists who have chosen the hospital as their practice site (1). Of interest, Schroeder and Shapiro (2) view hospitalists as “fleeing” the “people side” of medicine for the technology of tertiary care. It is my experience as a hospitalist on a teaching service at University of Pennsylvania Medical Center that I provide as much primary ...References1. Lindenauer PK, Pantilat SZ, Katz PP, Wachter RM. Hospitalists and the practice of inpatient medicine: results of a survey of the National Association of Inpatient Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(4 Pt 2):343-9. Google Scholar2. Schroeder SA, Shapiro R. The hospitalist: new boon for internal medicine or retreat from primary care? Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(4 Pt 2):382-7. Google Scholar3. Goldman L. The impact of hospitalists on medical education and the academic health system. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(4 Pt 2):364-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Heidi Wald, MDAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Wald) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Medical Consultant's Role in Caring for Patients with Hip Fracture R. Sean Morrison , Mark R. Chassin , and Albert L. Siu Hospitalists and the Practice of Inpatient Medicine: Results of a Survey of the National Association of Inpatient Physicians Peter K. Lindenauer , Steven Z. Pantilat , Patricia P. Katz , and Robert M. Wachter The Hospitalist: New Boon for Internal Medicine or Retreat from Primary Care? Steven A. Schroeder and Renie Schapiro The Impact of Hospitalists on Medical Education and the Academic Health System Lee Goldman The Hospitalist Movement Bradley Flansbaum , Steven A. Wartman , and Steven J. Walerstein The Hospitalist Movement Robert M. Wachter Metrics 5 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 7Page: 544KeywordsHospitalistsInpatientsMedical educationOutpatientsPatientsPrimary carePrimary care physicians ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 5 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Landmark article Sept 17, 1938: Sodium diphenyl hydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorders. By H. Houston Merritt and Tracy J. Putnam
Authors: H. H. Merritt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Good results in the treatment of patients with convulsive seizures have been obtained by a variety of methods, such as medical treatment with bromides or barbituric acid compounds, the ketogenic diet, restriction of fluids, and the surgical excision of scars or irritable cortical foci. In spite of these various therapeutic means there are a great number of patients who are not relieved of their attacks or are helped only temporarily by treatment. The fact that treatment by anticonvulsant drugs is at present the most widely used and on the whole the most effective method of therapy suggested to us the possibility that a direct and systematic experimental search might reveal more potent and less sedative compounds. With this idea in mind we devised an experimental procedure<sup>1</sup>which would produce convulsive seizures in animals at a constant threshold andwhich would allow for a qualitative and roughly quantitative determination of
Immunochemical estimations of allergenic activities from outdoor aero‐allergens, collected by a high‐volume air sampler
Authors: J. Jensen, L. K. Poulsen, K. Mygind, E. R. Weeke, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1989)

To quantify airborne allergens in amorphus and morphological particles, a survey with collection of aero‐allergens on glass fibre filters by means of a high‐volume air‐sampler (HIVOL) was conducted. In preliminary laboratory experiments we compared various filter elution techniques, and the pulverizing elution technique was found to be optimal with regard to yield and convenience. When a surfactant, Tween 20 (0.5% v/v), was added to the elution buffer, a recovery of 80% could be obtained. Allergens in eluates were analysed by means of an IgG‐subclass RAST inhibition assay. This immunochemical method for quantification of airborne allergens was validated, as a high recovery of timothy grass pollen allergens was eluted from air filters, and eluates were shown specific by RAST inhibition. The amount of Immunochemically measured airborne timothy and birch allergens collected by means of the HIVOL sampler was highly correlated with pollen counts obtained with a Burkard sampler (pollen trap) situated in the same place.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with central nervous system involvement: Demonstration of tumor clonality in intrafollicular T cells using laser capture microdissection
Authors: Malcolm S. Ke, Nandan V. Kamath, Minakshi Nihal, Debra L. Mikkola, Omer N. Koc, Seth R. Stevens, Anita C. Gilliam, Kevin D. Cooper, Gary S. Wood
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
The Wedding Party
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Early hippocampal synaptic plasticity and episodic like-memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease - involvment of corticosterone
Authors: Fabien Lanté, Magda Chafai, Elisabeth Raymond, Ana Salgueiro Peirera, Ingrid Bethus, Helene Marie
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear and no cure is yet available. The function of the hippocampus, a key structure responsible for memory encoding and consolidation, is affected early in AD leading to progressive irreversible memory loss. There is strong evidence that AD onset is, at least partly, due to accumulation within the hippocampus of peptides processed from the amyloid precursor protein APP, such as amyloid-beta (A?). Also, several studies demonstrated an abnormal elevation in the main stress hormone, cortisol (CORT in mice), in the initial phase of AD in patients and in mouse models. Here, we investigated if early co-accumulation of CORT and APP-derived peptides could be a main trigger driving the onset of memory deficits in AD.
Educating Undergraduate Medical Students About Oncology: A Literature Review
Authors: Judith Gaffan, Jane Dacre, Alison Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose This article is a review of the literature regarding teaching oncology to undergraduate medical students. Methods MEDLINE, Psychinfo, ERIC, TIMELIT, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched, using the search terms cancer, oncology, education, undergraduate, and teaching. Results The main findings can be summarized as follows: the involvement of patients in teaching is popular with students and portfolio learning is a successful way of involving patients; the use of standardized patients to teach breast examination improves students' performance in clinical assessment; the use of silicone models to teach breast examination improves students' sensitivity for detecting breast lumps; computer aided learning modules have a role, but are not superior to other types of learning; learning about cancer screening and prevention increases students' knowledge, improves their self rated skills, and changes their behavior; and cancer patients have an important role to play in teaching undergraduate communication skills. Conclusion We have found 48 articles on undergraduate teaching in oncology. Oncology teachers should consider adopting the evidence based approaches outlined in this review, and there should be more emphasis on educational research within the field of oncology.