tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Therapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I have often wondered why our specialty has never produced a book devoted entirely to medicinal agents available to, and used by, us. I need wonder no longer. Rayburn and Zuspan have just coedited<i>Drug Therapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>. Although the book is multiauthored, the editors have selected their contributors carefully, because the style is evenly distributed—and good. Each participant begins the chapter with a brief but comprehensive, clearly written review of the physiology and pathophysiology of the condition for which various drugs are available. This is followed by pharmacologic action, dosages, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, and potential interaction with other drugs. One might question that "labor is easily induced with small doses of oxytocin given by infusion pump" (p 67)—not necessarily, as we know, since such ease is dependent on cervical status and fetal position. There is a much-needed chapter on over-thecounter drugs for gynecologic use, which I
2000 years of medical history in Paris
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Three museums in Paris are offering what may well be the widest panorama of the history of medicine to be seen in a single city. They have been, or are being, renovated, and their success is already reflected in increased attendance not only by doctors participating in medical meetings in the French capital but by the general public.

The Museum of the History of Medicine, located in the 18th century building of the College of Surgery, was severely demaged by fire two years ago. It has now been restored, and its spectacular gallery contains collections of instruments, paintings, furniture, and other medical paraphernalia dating back to ancient Egypt. There are scalpels, …
Effectiveness of home based early intervention on children's BMI at age 2: randomised controlled trial
Authors: L. M. Wen, L. A. Baur, J. M. Simpson, C. Rissel, K. Wardle, V. M. Flood
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To assess the effectiveness of a home based early intervention on children's body mass index (BMI) at age 2.Randomised controlled trial.The Healthy Beginnings Trial was conducted in socially and economically disadvantaged areas of Sydney, Australia, during 2007-10.667 first time mothers and their infants.Eight home visits from specially trained community nurses delivering a staged home based intervention, one in the antenatal period, and seven at 1, 3, 5, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after birth. Timing of the visits was designed to coincide with early childhood developmental milestones.The primary outcome was children's BMI (the healthy BMI ranges for children aged 2 are 14.12-18.41 for boys and 13.90-18.02 for girls). Secondary outcomes included infant feeding practices and TV viewing time when children were aged 2, according to a modified research protocol. The data collectors and data entry staff were blinded to treatment allocation, but the participating mothers were not blinded.497 mothers and their children (75%) completed the trial. An intention to treat analysis in all 667 participants recruited, and multiple imputation of BMI for the 170 lost to follow-up and the 14 missing, showed that mean BMI was significantly lower in the intervention group (16.53) than in the control group (16.82), with a difference of 0.29 (95% confidence interval -0.55 to -0.02; P=0.04).The home based early intervention delivered by trained community nurses was effective in reducing mean BMI for children at age 2.Australian Clinical Trial Registry No 12607000168459.
International debt, death squads, and children
Authors: J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

by the questionnaire, allowing treatment before admission.Surgical clinics fulfil three objectives: the diagnosis is considered, the patient's suitability for surgery and in particular anaesthesia is assessed, and diagnosis and treatment are discussed.Taking these points in reverse order, the implications of the diagnosis and treatment could easily be conveyed by letter, and the second objective could be covered by the questionnaire.I reviewed only patients admitted for operation and therefore did not address the first objective, but in most cases the diagnosis of hernia is obvious, and uncertain cases could still be assessed in outpatient clinics.Collins points out that general practitioners are usually willing to follow up surgical cases, and it seems that the function of the preoperative outpatient appointment could often be undertaken by the patient's general practitioner.This would help to allow more complex consultations the 20 minutes that Collins recommends and prevent unnecessary waiting in busy clinics for patients with straightforward problems.
Colleges call for screening of all hospital patients to cut toll from venous thromboembolism
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Royal colleges have backed the current UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on preventing venous thromboembolism, saying that every hospital patient must be screened.

The Royal College of Physicians, Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of Nursing, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society have reviewed the evidence and put out a joint position statement backing the current NICE guidelines on preventing hospital acquired venous thromboembolism.

The Royal College of Physicians said that 94% of hospital patients are now being screened for venous thromboembolism, which is encouraging, but it …
Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Subhash C. Gumber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 August 1996Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus InfectionSubhash C. Gumber, MD, PhD and Sanjiv Chopra, MDSubhash C. Gumber, MD, PhDHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this author and Sanjiv Chopra, MDHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We are pleased with the responses to our review [1], and we thank the readers for bringing to our attention several conditions, some of which may eventually be established as causally related to HCV infection. These reports testify to the many clinical conditions that appear to be associated with HCV infection. The evidence for the association of autoimmune thrombocytopenia, polyarteritis nodosa, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, however, remains preliminary. Thus far, the data have appeared in isolated case reports, letters to the editor, or abstracts. Still other data are unconvincing. Although these conditions should be considered for their potential ...References1. Gumber SC, Chopra S. Hepatitis C: a multifaceted disease. Review of extrahepatic manifestations. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:615-20. Google Scholar2. Ferri C, Carraciolo F, Zignego AL, La Civita L, Monti M, Longombardo G, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 1994; 88:392-4. Google Scholar3. Pozzato G, Mazzaro C, Crovatto M, Modolo NL, Ceselli S, Mazzi G, et al. Low-grade malignant lymphoma, hepatitis C virus infection, and mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 1994; 84:3047-53. Google Scholar4. Ferri C, Monti M, La Civita L, Longombardo G, Greco F, Pasero G, et al. Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by hepatitis C virus in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 1993; 82:3701-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiuretica, bètablokkeerders en plotse dood 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 346KeywordsB cellsBiopsyBone marrowHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisLymph nodesLymphomaProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRNARetrospective studies Issue Published: 15 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4105: Assessment of autophagosome formation in primary cells by lentiviral delivery of fluorescent protein-tagged LC3
Authors: Janet Anderl, Karyn Huryn-Selvar, Haizhen Liu, Kevin Su, Mark Santos, Matthew Hsu, Jun Ma, Robert Kovelman, Lucas Armstrong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Assessment of autophagosome formation has been greatly facilitated by monitoring redistribution of LC3-fluorescent protein fusions. The sensitivity of the technique and capability for real-time analysis of autophagosome formation are advantageous over detection of endogenous LC3 redistribution in many experimental settings. However, the necessity for transfection can be an impediment to analysis of autophagosome formation in difficult-to-transfect cells, particularly primary cultures. We have developed lentiviral vectors (employing 3rd generation technology for optimal biosafety) encoding monomeric TagGFP2 and TagRFP fused at the N-termini of wild-type LC3 and LC3G120A as tools for analysis of autophagy in a wide variety of cell types. In immortalized cell lines and in primary cells (HUVEC and human mesenchymal stem cells) transduced with the GFP- and RFP-LC3 lentiviruses, amino acid deprivation in the presence of a lysosome inhibitor induced redistribution of the fluorescence from a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern to a punctate distribution. Minimal background of punctae in fed cells was observed. 3-Methyladenine blocked the starvation-induced redistribution, and the G120A mutant did not undergo detectable redistribution upon amino acid deprivation. In addition, we demonstrate effectiveness of lentiviral GFP-LC3 in HUVECs by flow cytometry, in which the plasma membrane is selectively permeabilized such that free cytosolic fluorescent protein-tagged LC3 is released while autophagosome-bound LC3 fusion protein is retained. We anticipate that these lentiviral autophagy biosensors will facilitate analysis of autophagosome formation in physiologically relevant primary cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4105. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4105
Digging beneath Rules and Similarity
Authors: Arthur B. Markman, Sergey Blok, Kyungil Kim, Levi Larkey, Lisa R. Narvaez, C. Hunt Stilwell, Eric Taylor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Pothos suggests dispensing with the distinction between rules and similarity, without defining what is meant by either term. We agree that there are problems with the distinction between rules and similarity, but believe these will be solved only by exploring the representations and processes underlying cases purported to involve rules and similarity.
Local and regional spread of chikungunya fever in the Americas
Authors: S Cauchemez, M Ledrans, C Poletto, P Quenel, H de Valk, V Colizza, P Y Boëlle
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Chikungunya fever (CHIKV), a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, is currently affecting several areas in the Caribbean. The vector is found in the Americas from southern Florida to Brazil, and the Caribbean is a highly connected region in terms of population movements. There is therefore a significant risk for the epidemic to quickly expand to a wide area in the Americas. Here, we describe the spread of CHIKV in the first three areas to report cases and between areas in the region. Local transmission of CHIKV in the Caribbean is very effective, the mean number of cases generated by a human case ranging from two to four. There is a strong spatial signature in the regional epidemic, with the risk of transmission between areas estimated to be inversely proportional to the distance rather than driven by air transportation. So far, this simple distance-based model has successfully predicted observed patterns of spread. The spatial structure allows ranking areas according to their risk of invasion. This characterisation may help national and international agencies to optimise resource allocation for monitoring and control and encourage areas with elevated risks to act.
<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>infection on a home-made tattoo
Authors: N. Kluger, K. Saarinen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Aspergillus fumigatus infection on a home‐made tattoo Get access N. Kluger, N. Kluger Departments of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Medicine Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Saarinen K. Saarinen Department of Dermatology Lahti Central Hospital 15850 Lahti Finland Correspondence: Kari Saarinen. E‐mail: kari.saarinen@phnet.fi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 6, 1 June 2014, Pages 1373–1375, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12859 Published: 01 June 2014
Where next for China?: Rose tinted spectacles do not help
Authors: Vaughan P Smith
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Where next for China?Rising inequalities in health and wealth are biggest challenge Editor-I write with reference to the editorial by Liu. 1 Life expectancy in China doubled from 35 to 71 years between 1949 and 2001. 2 China's human development index has been rising steadily, and it ranked 85th among countries with an index of 0.755 in 2003. 2According to China's human development report, the national Gini coefficient for income distribution rose to 0.45 in 2002 from 0.3 in 1982. 2 The average income of the highest income tenth is 11 times that of the lowest tenth? 2Disparities in health indicators between urban and rural areas are widening.Life expectancy is 75.2 years for urban residents and 69.6 for rural residents. 2The human development index is 0.816 in urban areas and 0.685 in rural areas.Rural infant mortality at 34% and maternal mortality at 61.9 per 100 000 births are nearly double that in urban areas (14% and 33.1/100 000, respectively).Rural areas have only 2.4 medical personnel per 1000 residents, compared with 5.2 per 1000 residents in urban areas.Regional disparities are widespread, with the western regions faring the worst.Life expectancy for rural residents is less than 65 in Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou.Maternal mortality is also highest in the western regions.Tibet ranked lowest in terms of life expectancy (65.81 years), literacy (47%), and human development index (0.562). 2 The region has the lowest number of doctors and hospital beds in China.Only 15% of the entire population of China can afford medical insurance. 2Only 2% of rural migrant workers currently have unemployment insurance. 2Coercive public health policies include forced abortions. 3hina's ambitious aim of building a society in which people are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and basic necessities for a decent life 2 will require addressing these widening disparities, prioritising health opportunities for all, and acknowledging the inherent, instrumental and constructive 4 roles of freedom in achieving these goals.
PPD and hsp65 induced monoarthritis initiates spontaneous recurrent flares in Lewis rats.
Authors: S Ragno, C J Morris, A Coumbe, P I Mapp, M J Colston, D R Blake, V R Winrow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the time course of a monoarthritis induced with the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) or a recombinant 65 kDa heat shock protein (rhsp65) in two different strains of sensitised rats. METHODS--Wistar and Lewis rats, sensitised with heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in oil, were challenged intraarticularly with PPD or rhsp65 and monitored for six weeks. Inflammation was assessed by joint swelling, histology, and radiographic studies. RESULTS--Sensitised Lewis rats injected with PPD or rhsp65 showed a chronic response with recurrent spontaneous flares, while Wistar rats showed one inflammatory episode. CONCLUSIONS--The Wistar strain response to PPD resembles a transient reactive arthritis, while the response of the Lewis strain mimics the relapsing nature of rheumatoid synovitis, providing an interesting model to determine dominant immunopathogenic mechanisms.
Ascorbic Acid in Orange Juice
Authors: P. V. J. Hegarty
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Bioavailability of Ascorbic Acid in Orange Juice" by Horowitz et al (235:2624, 1976) gives some useful information on the amount active and inactive ascorbic acid in fresh, frozen concentrate, and pasteurized orange juice. However, the authors should have indicated that the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of ascorbic acid for adult men and for nonpregnant and nonlactating women is 45 mg.<sup>1</sup>Therefore, the 39 mg/100 ml of active ascorbic acid in the pasteurized orange juice, though substantially less than the values found for the fresh and frozen concentrate forms, provides almost the recommended intake of ascorbic acid per day if 100 ml is consumed. A diet that would include other fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, and leafy vegetables, together with the pasteurized orange juice, would certainly provide the recommended intake of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, a recent market research survey indicated that orange juice remains the most popular
Managed Care Is Not the Problem, Quality Is
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The purpose of this article is to describe what is happening in the provision of health care throughout the Western world and to make a case, although briefly, for using both economic and clinical incentives to change the health system so that more health is produced from it. In this formulation, the quality of care provided, as opposed to the way services are organized or reimbursed, becomes of central concern. Despite evidence from health services research studies that the level of the quality of health care is a major crisis throughout the Western world, this fact is rarely acknowledged by most elements of society. An exception to this statement is the American concern, based mostly on individual case reports, that managed care will adversely affect quality of care. Yet even this concern is focused on the potential evils of managed care and not on major problems in producing quality care
Assessment of gastric cancer by laparoscopy.
Authors: E Gross, J Bancewicz, G Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1984)

46 malades atteints d'epithelioma glandulaire de l'estomac sont soumis a la laparoscopie. Dans 27 cas la tumeur est jugee inoperable, les malades sont traites medicalement et 6 d'entre eux recoivent une intubation: dans ces cas une laparotomie inutile est evitee. Chez les autres la laparoscopie permet une evaluation de l'etendue des lesions et metastases, et le prelevement de biopsies. Dans un seul cas une perforation colique accidentelle est reparee aussitot sans sequelles
Insignificance of activation pathway on myocardial oxygen consumption
Authors: J. A. Nizolek, R. J. Jacob, J. P. Gilmore
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Activation pathway per se is not a prime determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption, as indicated in studies in an isolated empty blood perfused dog heart, a preparation in which changes in end-diastolic volume and pressure are precluded.
Generic Drug Substitution
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We reviewed the labeling of 20 consecutive generic L-thyroxine prescription bottles brought in by our patients. Although all the bottles contained generic products, the trade name Synthroid appeared on 19 of 20 whereas the name of the generic company was listed on only 12. The generic drug name (L-thyroxine) was given on 15 of 20 of the labels; only seven of the labels bore reference to the fact that there was a generic product within the container, six by the cryptic designation "GEQ" and one by the letters "gen." All generic L-thyroxine products were similar in size, color, and shape to Synthroid. Eighteen of the 20 patients were unaware that they were taking a generic product until we informed them. We suggest that states consider legislation that would mandate generic drug labels to be more informative and that these regulations be enforced. We suggest the following: (1)
Incidental Findings on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging From 1000 Asymptomatic Volunteers
Authors: Gregory L. Katzman
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextPrevious reports have discussed incidental disease found on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans that had been requested for an unrelated clinical concern or symptom, resulting in a selection bias for disease. However, the prevalence of unexpected abnormalities has not been studied in a healthy population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of incidental findings on brain MRI scans obtained for a healthy, asymptomatic population without selection bias.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective analysis of brain MRI scans obtained between May 17, 1996, and July 25, 1997, from 1000 volunteers who participated as control subjects for various research protocols at the National Institutes of Health. All participants (age range, 3-83 years; 54.6% male) were determined to be healthy and asymptomatic by physician examination and participant history.Main Outcome MeasurePrevalence of abnormalities on brain MRI by category of finding (no referral necessary, routine referral, urgent referral [within 1 week of study], and immediate referral [within 1 to several days of study]).ResultsEighty-two percent of the MRI results were normal. Of the 18% demonstrating incidental abnormal findings, 15.1% required no referral; 1.8%, routine referral; 1.1%, urgent referral; and 0%, immediate referral. In subjects grouped for urgent referral, 2 confirmed primary brain tumors (and a possible but unconfirmed third) were found, demonstrating a prevalence of at least 0.2%.ConclusionAsymptomatic subjects present with a variety of abnormalities, providing valuable information on disease prevalence in a presumed healthy population. A small percentage of these findings require urgent medical attention and/or additional studies.
Pumping ability of the hypertrophying left ventricle of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Authors: M A Pfeffer, J M Pfeffer, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Cardiac pumping ability was assessed during the natural development of left ventricular hypertrophy by elevating venous pressure by infusing Tyrode's solution intravenously to produce peak cardiac output. This experiment was performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of three age groups (11, 24, and 83 weeks). From 11 to 24 weeks, peak cardiac output of SHR increased in direct proportion to the abnormally increased ventricular mass; Thus peak cardiac output per gram of left ventricle (LV) remained stable. Similar results were obtained for two strains of normotensive rats at each of the same three age groups. Thus, in the normotensive animal peak cardiac output per gram of LV remained stable over a wide range of ages and varying left ventricular weights. However, with progressive elevation of arterial pressure in aging SHR (83 weeks), we observed severe ventricular hypertrophy (100% increases in left ventricular to body weight ratio). In this oldest SHR group, unlike age-matched normotensive rats, there was a marked reduction in the pumping ability per gram of LV. Thus, during the natural development of left ventricular hypertrophy SHR demonstrated both a stable stage of hypertrophy in which the increased left ventricular mass maintained its pumping ability, and a later stage of deterioration in which there was a loss of the normal relationship between ventricular mass and pumping ability.