tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of mdr2 gene transcription mediates the biliary transfer of phosphatidylcholine supplied by an increased biosynthesis in the pravastatin-treated rat
Authors: Massimino Carrella, Douglas Feldman, Susanna Cogoi, Annalisa Csillaghy, Paul A. Weinhold
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

An increase of biliary lipid secretion is known to occur in the rat under sustained administration of statin–type 3–hydroxy–3–methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A (CoA) reductase inhibitors. The present study has addressed critical mechanisms of hepatic lipid synthesis and phosphatidylcholine (PC) biliary transport in the rat fed with a 0.075% pravastatin diet for 3 weeks. After treatment, biliary secretion of PC and cholesterol increased to 233% and 249% of controls, while that of bile salts was unchanged. Activity of cytidylyltransferase (CT), a major regulatory enzyme in the CDP–choline pathway of PC synthesis, was raised in both microsomal and cytosolic fractions (226% and 150% of controls), and there was an increase to 187% in the mass of active enzyme as determined by Western blot of microsomal protein using an antibody specific to CT. Cytosolic activity of choline kinase, another enzyme of the CDP–choline pathway, also increased to 175% of controls. In addition, there was an over eightfold increase in the HMG CoA reductase activity and mRNA. Thus, an increased PC and cholesterol synthetic supply to hepatocytes appeared as a basic mechanism for the biliary hypersecretion of these lipids. Notwithstanding the increased synthesis, hepatic PC content was unchanged, suggesting an enhanced transfer of this lipid into bile. Indeed, there was a sevenfold increase of multidrug resistance gene 2 (mdr2) gene mRNA coding for a main PC canalicular translocase. Thus, hypersecretion of biliary PC in the model studied can be explained by an up–regulation of mdr2 gene transcription and its P–glycoprotein product mediating the biliary transfer of PC supplied by an increased biosynthesis.
Weekly High-Dose Calcitriol and Docetaxel in Metastatic Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tomasz M. Beer, Kristine M. Eilers, Mark Garzotto, Merrill J. Egorin, Bruce A. Lowe, W. David Henner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To determine the safety and efficacy of weekly high-dose oral calcitriol (Rocaltrol, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland) and docetaxel (Taxotere, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) in patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC).Thirty-seven patients were treated with oral calcitriol (0.5 micro g/kg) on day 1 followed by docetaxel (36 mg/m(2)) on day 2, repeated weekly for 6 weeks of an 8-week cycle. Patients maintained a reduced calcium diet and increased oral hydration. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was the primary end point, which was defined as a 50% reduction in PSA level confirmed 4 weeks later.Thirty of 37 patients (81%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 68% to 94%) achieved a PSA response. Twenty-two patients (59%; 95% CI, 43% to 75%) had a confirmed > 75% reduction in PSA. Eight of the 15 patients with measurable disease (53%; 95% CI, 27% to 79%) had a confirmed partial response. Median time to progression was 11.4 months (95% CI, 8.7 to 14 months), and median survival was 19.5 months (95% CI, 15.3 months to incalculable). Overall survival at 1 year was 89% (95% CI, 74% to 95%). Treatment-related toxicity was generally similar to that expected with single-agent docetaxel. Pharmacokinetics of either calcitriol or docetaxel were not affected by the presence of its companion drug in an exploratory substudy.The combination of weekly oral high-dose calcitriol and weekly docetaxel is a well-tolerated regimen for AIPC. PSA and measurable disease response rates as well as time to progression and survival are promising when compared with contemporary phase II studies of single-agent docetaxel in AIPC. Further study of this regimen is warranted.
Effects of different PPARγ-agonists on MCP-1 expression and monocyte recruitment in experimental glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ulf Panzer, André Schneider, Youfei Guan, Rüdiger Reinking, Gunther Zahner, Sigrid Harendza, Gunter Wolf, Friedrich Thaiss, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Letter: Antibiotics in bacteroides fragilis infections.
Authors: D T Turner
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite being the most commonly incurred sports injury with a high recurrence rate, there are no guidelines to inform return to sport (RTS) decisions following acute lateral ankle sprain injuries. We aimed to develop a list of assessment items to address this gap. <h3>Methods</h3> We used a three-round Delphi survey approach to develop consensus of opinion among 155 globally diverse health professionals working in elite field or court sports. This involved surveys that were structured in question format with both closed-response and open-response options. We asked panellists to indicate their agreement about whether or not assessment items should support the RTS decision after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury. The second and third round surveys included quantitative and qualitative feedback from the previous round. We defined a priori consensus being reached at &gt;70% agree or disagree responses. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen assessment items reached consensus to be included in the RTS decision after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury. They were mapped to five domains with 98% panellist agreement—PAASS: Pain (during sport participation and over the last 24 hours), Ankle impairments (range of motion; muscle strength, endurance and power), Athlete perception (perceived ankle confidence/reassurance and stability; psychological readiness), Sensorimotor control (proprioception; dynamic postural control/balance), Sport/functional performance (hopping, jumping and agility; sport-specific drills; ability to complete a full training session). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Expert opinion indicated that pain severity, ankle impairments, sensorimotor control, athlete perception/readiness and sport/functional performance should be assessed to inform the RTS decision following an acute lateral ankle sprain injury. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ACTRN12619000522112.
Outcome of hispanic patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mauricio G Cohen, Christopher B Granger, E.Magnus Ohman, Amanda L Stebbins, Liliana R Grinfeld, Arturo M Cagide, Marcelo V Elizari, Amadeo Betriu, David F Kong, Eric J Topol, Robert M Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Metastasis of Tumor to Second Different Tumor: Collision Tumors
Authors: Frederick H. Anlyan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis, albeit infrequent, has been reported by a number of observers. Osterberg<sup>1</sup>reviewed three previously reported cases, and added two: one of bronchial origin, the other probably of renal origin, both spreading to meningiomas. Best<sup>2</sup>added a case of bronchogenic squamous carcinoma metastasizing to a meningioma. The synchronous occurrence of lymphosarcoma and adenocarcinoma with tumor-to-tumor metastasis was reported by Jernstrom and Murray<sup>3</sup>in 1966; they reviewed the literature on cases of carcinoma associated with leukemia and lymphoma. The simultaneous occurrence of adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma of the stomach was described by Sirsat and Sampat.<sup>4</sup> Coppola et al<sup>5</sup>reported a case of coexisting lymphoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, amyloidosis, and monoclonal gammopathy. Sirsat and Shrikhande<sup>6</sup>also noted two instances of collision between melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity in 1966. More recently, Jones et al<sup>7</sup>described the
Rates of Avoidable Hospitalization by Insurance Status in Massachusetts and Maryland
Authors: Joel S. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine whether uninsured and Medicaid patients have higher rates of avoidable hospitalizations than do insured patients.We used 1987 computerized hospital discharge data to select a cross-sectional sample of hospitalized patients. Population estimates from the Current Population Survey were used to estimate rates of admission, standardized for age and sex.Nonfederal acute care hospitals in Massachusetts and Maryland.All patients under 65 years of age who were uninsured, privately insured, or insured by Medicaid. Hospitalizations for obstetric and psychiatric conditions were excluded.Relative risk of admission for 12 avoidable hospital conditions (AHCs) identified by a physician panel.Uninsured and Medicaid patients were more likely than insured patients to be hospitalized for AHCs. Rates for uninsured patients were significantly greater than for privately insured patients in Massachusetts for 10 of 12 individual AHCs, and in Maryland for five of 12 AHCs. After adjustment for baseline utilization, the results were statistically significant for 10 of 12 AHCs in Massachusetts and seven of 12 AHCs in Maryland. For Medicaid patients, rates were significantly greater than for privately insured patients for all AHCs in each state before adjustment, and for nine of 12 and seven of 12 AHCs in each state, respectively, after adjustment for baseline utilization.Our findings suggest that patients who are uninsured or who have Medicaid coverage have higher rates of hospitalization for conditions that can often be treated out of hospital or avoided altogether. Our approach is potentially useful for routine monitoring of access and quality of care for selected groups of patients.
Human Subjects in Clinical Research — A Report of Three Studies
Authors: Daniel C. Martin, John D. Arnold, T. F. Zimmerman, Robert H. Richart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE search for new drugs and technics of medical care requires that man be the final experimental animal.The safeguards for volunteers have thus far assumed two forms. The first has been formal review. Committees in institutions and governmental agencies often review the purposes, methods, risks and precautions in experiments involving human volunteers. The second form, long established though sometimes neglected, has been the safeguard of informed consent. This procedure requires that before the volunteer consents to the experiment, he be given a clear explanation of the risks and discomfort he might expect during the experiment. As new technical procedures . . .
P2-12-06: Nomogram To Predict Subsequent Bone Metastasis in Patients with Non Metastatic Breast Carcinomas.
Authors: R Lousquy, Y Delpech, R Rouzier, J Gligorov, L Hsu, E Barranger, L Pusztai, S Uzan, GN Hortobagyi, C Coutant, NK Ibrahim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Bone metastasis (BM) is one of the most common sites of distant metastasis for breast cancer. We hypothesized that its occurrence can be predicted if a clinical nomogram can be developed, thus allowing for selection of patients at high risk for BM. Patients and Methods Medical records of patients with non metastatic breast cancer were prospectively collected for the period between January 1997 and February 2007 at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Texas, USA). A multivariate logistic regression analysis of selected prognostic features was done. Based on Cox proportional hazards regression model, a nomogram to predict BM was constructed and validated in an independent cohort of 579 patients with non metastatic breast cancer at time of diagnosis treated at the Tenon Hospital (Paris, France) between January 2003 and December 2005. Results: Of 4175 patients with non metastatic breast cancer, 314 developed subsequent BM. Age, T stage, lymph node status, lymphovascular space invasion, breast cancer molecular subtype, adjuvant hormonotherapy were significantly and independently associated with subsequent BM. The nomogram had a concordance index of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.70) in the training set. The validation set showed a good discrimination with a concordance index of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.72). At 3, 5 and 7 years, the nomogram was well calibrated. Conclusion: We have developed a robust tool that is able to predict subsequent BM in patients with non metastatic breast cancer. Selection of an enriched patient population at high risk for BM will allow to practice individualized therapeutic strategies, an adapted medical supervision and will facilitate the design of trials aiming at its prevention with the use of biphosphonate treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-06.
ABSENCE OF COMMON BILE DUCT
Authors: Allan E. Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Anomalies of the biliary ducts are a constant source of concern to physicians performing surgery in that area. Numerous variations in the position and length of the cystic duct as well as the cystic artery have been described in detail. Mention has frequently been made of aberrant hepatocystic ducts; however, absence of the common bile duct, discussed in the following case report, has been reported briefly only once before, when it occurred in an infant who died because of this anomaly. The ducts were all atretic.<sup>1</sup> This anatomic variation, if it had not been recognized in the usual technical performance of cholecystectomy, would surely have led to death or unfortunate complications. The maneuver emphasized by Gatch<sup>2</sup>of tracing the biliary ducts from within after emptying the gallbladder was helpful in tracing the anomaly. This procedure is a sound, valuable aid in preventing surgical accidents in the biliary ducts.
Looking Forward at <i>Annals</i>
Authors: Harold Sox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Editorials3 July 2001Looking Forward at AnnalsHarold Sox, MD, EditorHarold Sox, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail A medical journal is perhaps the most tangible symbol of the values and aspirations of medical professionals. A change in the leadership of a journal is a good time to take stock of the environment and to think carefully about the future. Today's health care environment contains many challenges. Among these are the opportunities and threats presented by knowing an individual's genetic endowment, the aging of the population, and the conflict between the public's high hopes for medical care and the high cost of fulfilling those expectations. These challenges may be grist for future editorial ventures. Now, I write just ...References1. . Guidelines for using serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as screening tests for preventing coronary heart disease in adults. American College of Physicians. Part 1. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:515-7. [PMID: 8602714] LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Screening for prostate cancer. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:480-4. [PMID: 9072936] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Gonzales R. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of acute bronchitis in adults. American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:518-20. [PMID: 11255531] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults. American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:506-8. [PMID: 11255529] LinkGoogle Scholar5. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Hickner JM. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute sinusitis in adults. American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:495-7. [PMID: 11255527] LinkGoogle Scholar6. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Gonzales R. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:487-9. [PMID: 11255525] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Current Author Address: Harold Sox, MD, American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 53-54KeywordsCancer screeningForecastingPatientsPeer reviewPublic policyPulmonary diseasesRandomized trialsScreening guidelinesSub-specialty care ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Associations between Particulate Chemical Constituents and Mortality in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Ji-Young Son, Jong-Tae Lee, Ki-Hyun Kim, Kweon Jung, Michelle L. Bell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Numerous studies have linked fine particles [≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] and health. Most studies focused on the total mass of the particles, although the chemical composition of the particles varies substantially. Which chemical components of fine particles that are the most harmful is not well understood, and research on the chemical composition of PM2.5 and the components that are the most harmful is particularly limited in Asia.Objectives: We characterized PM2.5 chemical composition and estimated the effects of cause-specific mortality of PM2.5 mass and constituents in Seoul, Korea. We compared the chemical composition of particles to those of the eastern and western United States.Methods: We examined temporal variability of PM2.5 mass and its composition using hourly data. We applied an overdispersed Poisson generalized linear model, adjusting for time, day of week, temperature, and relative humidity to investigate the association between risk of mortality and PM2.5 mass and its constituents in Seoul, Korea, for August 2008 through October 2009.Results: PM2.5 and chemical components exhibited temporal patterns by time of day and season. The chemical characteristics of Seoul's PM2.5 were more similar to PM2.5 found in the western United States than in the eastern United States. Seoul's PM2.5 had lower sulfate (SO4) contributions and higher nitrate (NO3) contributions than that of the eastern United States, although overall PM2.5 levels in Seoul were higher than in the United States. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in magnesium (Mg) (0.05 μg/m3) was associated with a 1.4% increase (95% confidence interval: 0.2%, 2.6%) in total mortality on the following day. Several components that were among the largest contributors to PM2.5 total mass—NO3, SO4, and ammonium (NH4)—were moderately associated with same-day cardiovascular mortality at the p < 0.10 level. Other components with smaller mass contributions [Mg and chlorine (Cl)] exhibited moderate associations with respiratory mortality on the following day (p < 0.10).Conclusions: Our findings link PM2.5 constituents with mortality and have implications for policy making on sources of PM2.5 and on the relevance of PM2.5 health studies from other areas to this region.
Interstitial pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Authors: M H Griffiths, R F Miller, S J Semple
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--A study was performed to identify the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of interstitial pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS--A retrospective review was made of the case notes, chest radiographs, and histopathological results of seven HIV-1 antibody positive patients with symptomatic diffuse pulmonary disease and a pathological diagnosis of non-specific interstitial pneumonitis. RESULTS--All patients had dyspnoea, with or without cough, and chest radiographs showing diffuse infiltrates. The arterial oxygen tension ranged widely from 5.9 to 13.1 kPa. The initial clinical diagnosis was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in most cases. The pathological diagnosis was made by transbronchial biopsy in one case and by open lung biopsy in six cases. The interstitial pneumonitis consisted of a patchy lymphocytic infiltrate composed of B cells in focal aggregates and T cells in a more diffuse distribution. The T cell population was a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The histological findings contrast with the more extensive infiltrate of predominantly CD8+ lymphocytes seen in HIV-associated lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis which occurs mainly in children. The condition ran a subacute course. Three patients spontaneously improved and three improved with steroid therapy. Long term survival was less than three years, the prognosis being determined by other infective or neoplastic complications. CONCLUSIONS--Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis usually presents with an illness resembling Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia but occurs when the CD4 and total lymphocyte counts are still preserved. The pneumonitis resolves spontaneously or responds to steroids, and does not itself lead directly to the patient9s death. It does, however, appear to mark a downturn in the course of HIV infection.
The diagnostic value of fasting individual serum bile acids in anicteric alcoholic liver disease: Relation to liver morphology
Authors: Kurt Einarsson, Bo Angelin, Ingemar Björkhem, Hans Glaumann
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of measuring individual serum bile acids in patients with suspected alcoholic liver disease. A highly accurate and specific mass-fragmentographic technique with high sensitivity was used. Anicteric patients with fatty liver (n = 10) and liver cirrhosis (n = 9) were compared with healthy controls (n = 27). The measurement of serum bile acids did not discriminate patients with fatty liver from controls. In general, an increased serum level of cholic acid indicated more serious liver disease. Determination of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid did not add any further diagnostic information.
The treatment of facial atopic dermatitis in children who are intolerant of, or dependent on, topical corticosteroids: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: P.H. Hoeger, K-H. Lee, J. Jautova, J. Wohlrab, A. Guettner, G. Mizutani, T. Hultsch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is most prevalent in areas of reduced skin barrier reserve, like face and neck, especially in children. Treatment with topical corticosteroids (TCS) is limited due to heightened risk of treatment-associated side-effects, thus necessitating alternative AD therapies. Objectives The primary study objective was to determine the efficacy of pimecrolimus cream 1% in children with mild–moderate facial AD dependent on/intolerant of TCS. Secondary objectives included effects on overall Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), head/neck EASI, pruritus severity and time to clearance of facial AD. Methods A multicentre, double-blind (DB) study of ≤ 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week, open-label (OL) phase was conducted. Two hundred patients (aged 2–11 years) were randomized 1 : 1 to pimecrolimus cream 1% (n = 99) or vehicle (n = 101) twice daily until clearance of facial AD or for a maximum of 6 weeks (DB phase). Sixteen patients receiving vehicle were allowed to switch to the OL phase at day 22. Results Significantly more pimecrolimus-treated vs. vehicle-treated patients were cleared/almost cleared of facial AD (Investigators' Global Assessment 0/1): 74·5% vs. 51·0%, P < 0·001 (day 43) [57·1% vs. 36·0%, P = 0·004 (day 22)]. Median time to clearance was 22·0 vs. 43·0 days (pimecrolimus vs. vehicle, respectively). Statistically significant differences for pimecrolimus vs. vehicle were also seen on head/neck EASI, overall EASI, and head/neck pruritus scores. Adverse events were mainly mild–moderate, occurring with similar frequency in both treatment groups. Conclusions In children with facial dermatitis intolerant of/dependent on TCS, pimecrolimus cream 1% effectively controls eczema and pruritus and is well tolerated.