tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are ion-exchange processes central to understanding drug-resistance phenomena?
Authors: Paul D Roepe, James A Martiney
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1999)

Drug resistance in malarial parasites is arguably the greatest challenge currently facing infectious disease research. In addressing this problem, researchers have been intrigued by similarities between drug-resistant malarial parasites and tumour cells. For example, it was originally thought that the role of pfMDR (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance) proteins was central in conferring antimalarial multidrug resistance. However, recent work has questioned the precise role of MDR proteins in multidrug resistance. In addition, recent ground-breaking work in identifying mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance might have led to identification of yet another parallel between drug-resistant tumour cells and malarial parasites, namely, intriguing alterations in transmembrane ion transport, discussed here by Paul Roepe and James Martiney. This further underscores an emerging paradigm in drug-resistance research.
Endoscopic injection of adrenaline for actively bleeding ulcers: a randomised trial
Authors: S C S Chung, J W C Leung, R J C Steele, T J Crofts, A K C Li
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A prospective randomised trial was performed to assess the efficacy of endoscopic injection of adrenaline for actively bleeding ulcers. Emergency endoscopy in 961 patients admitted for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage identified 68 patients with actively bleeding ulcers. These 68 patients were randomised to receive either endoscopic injection of adrenaline or no endoscopic treatment. After endoscopy both groups were managed in an identical manner, and strict criteria for emergency operation were adhered to in both groups. Bleeding was initially controlled in all 34 patients assigned to the treatment group. Significantly fewer patients in the treatment group than in the control group needed emergency operations (five <i>v</i> 14, respectively). In addition, in the treatment group the median transfusion requirement was significantly less (three <i>v</i> five units of blood) and the median hospital stay shorter (six <i>v</i> eight days). No complications were observed with the injection of adrenaline, and the rate of healing of ulcers in those attending for endoscopy six weeks after discharge was similar in both groups (81% (17 out of 21 patients) in the treatment group <i>v</i> 79% (11 out of 14) in the control group). Injection of adrenaline is effective in stopping bleeding from actively bleeding ulcers.
A Patient's Psalm
Authors: R. Paul Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The Lord is my Genetics Counsellor; I shall not want for risks.  He maketh me to lie down in genealogies; he nondirects me beside karyotypes.  He restoreth my inborn errors; he leads me in the paths of reproduction for my name's sake.  Yea, though I walk through the valley of amniocentesis or under the shadow of fetoscopy, I will fear no evil: for thou, the Greatest Good of the Greatest Number, art with me; thy chromosome counts and thy enzyme assays they comfort me.  Thou preparest multiphasic screening before me in the presence of my illnesses: thou anointest my head with check-ups; my profile runneth over.  Surely mutations and heterozygosity shall follow me all the days of my life; and I shall dwell in the house of computerized biomedical information forever.
Evidence-Based Use of Cardiac Procedures and Devices
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The fundamental principle of evidence-based medicine is that clinical practice should rest on a sound scientific foundation established by clinical studies involving human subjects. The level of evidence needed for the adoption of new therapies should vary according to the clinical situation, and the higher the stakes, the better the evidence should be. The stakes grow higher in proportion to the size of the affected population, the severity of illness, and the cost of the therapy.Several therapies in cardiovascular medicine are backed by substantial evidence of high quality. For example, the effects of statin therapy on mortality and the . . .
Pleurodynia Associated with Echo Virus Type 8
Authors: Fred S. Kantor, G.-D. Hsiung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

BORNHOLM disease, or pleurodynia, is generally associated with Group B Coxsackie viruses.1 This group of viruses is also responsible for such diverse clinical syndromes as meningitis, encephalitis and myocarditis. Although Coxsackie viruses Group A, Types 4 and 6, have been isolated from patients with pleurodynia,2 , 3 Group B viruses have thus far been the agents most commonly associated with this syndrome.1 , 4 , 5 Certain members of the enterovirus family, the ECHO viruses, are still in search of disease.6 ECHO virus Type 8 is an example, with no heretofore proved association with human disease. The present report describes a clinical case of pleurodynia, which . . .
A lesson learnt: Non-specific but effective
Authors: E. Ernst
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<i>Background:</i> The structure of family practice residency programs remains essentially unchanged from the model first proposed more than 35 years ago. Advances in medical technology and knowledge combined with increasing restrictions on resident work hours and decreasing medical student interest invite reconsideration of how family physicians are trained. <i>Methods:</i> We resurveyed 442 third-year family practice residents who had participated in a prior study in 2000 to determine whether their opinions about the length and content of residency had changed and whether they would still choose to be a physician and a family physician. <i>Results:</i> Thirty-seven percent of responding third-year residents favored extending family practice residency to 4 years. Compared as groups, there was relatively little change in opinion between first- and third-year residents. However, residents’ individual responses about the settings and content areas for which they would be willing to consider extending training varied considerably between years 1 and 3. Personal characteristics did not seem to influence residents’ opinions about length and content of training. Reasons for favoring a 4-year program and barriers to change were similar to those reported previously. Residents’ commitment to medicine and family medicine was still strong and was not associated with their opinions about length of training. <i>Conclusion:</i> Although most surveyed residents favored a 3-year residency program, a substantial minority still supported extending training to 4 years, and the majority would still choose to enter family medicine programs if they were extended. Given a lack of consensus about specific content areas, family medicine should consider a period of experimentation to determine how to best prepare future family physicians.
THE DUTY OF THE HOSPITAL STAFF TO THE INTERN
Authors: GEORGE E. FOLLANSBEE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The program of standardization of hospitals by the American College of Surgeons, together with the rapid strides of medical knowledge and the demand by progressive medical men for more efficient hospital service, has made popular over the entire country the idea of establishing the intern and resident staff. The advantages to the hospital and particularly to the staff have caused a widespread demand by hospitals for recognition by the American Medical Association as a proper place for graduates to obtain intern training. In many instances, there is little realization of the responsibility to the intern in making this request for recognition. The hospitals of the country have been fairly thoroughly surveyed and registered by various public and official organizations, and the registration of the hospital by the state health department or certification of standardization by the American College of Surgeons, or approval by other bodies with various aims and points
Prognostic Implications of the e Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Oscar Fay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The e antigen HB<sub>e</sub>Ag and its antibody anti-HB have been said to be predictive of chronicity and resolution, respectively, in viral hepatitis. We found, as have others, a specific association with hepatitis B virus-induced disease. In addition, detectability of HB<sub>e</sub>Ag in the acute phase of type B hepatitis was followed by a sixfold higher incidence of chronic hepatitis. Unfortunately, the prediction was erroneous in 65% of positive cases and 6% of negative cases. In chronic hepatitis, HB<sub>e</sub>Ag did not necessarily disappear in advance of resolution, and its disappearance did not necessarily indicate resolution. Two patients with acute hepatitis progressing to chronicity were anti-HB<sub>e</sub>-positive in both phases, as were seven (5%) with chronic hepatitis. For individual patients, therefore, HB<sub>e</sub>Ag and anti-HB<sub>e</sub>are not prognostically useful indexes. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2501-2503,1977)
Fractionated but not single dose radiation releases key signals of in situ tumor vaccination
Authors: Claire Vanpouille-Box, Molykutty Aryankalayil, Karsten Pilones, Silvia Formenti, C Norman Coleman, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The balance between pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment dictates the responsiveness of the immune system. Local radiotherapy (RT) has the potential to switch this balance in favor of anti-tumor immunity by promoting cross-priming of anti-
Recipient mononuclear cell recognition and adhesion to graft endothelium after human cardiac transplantation. Lymphocyte recognition leads to monocyte adhesion.
Authors: A I Fyfe, L W Stevenson, C M Harper, D C Drinkwater, H Laks, A M Fogelman, J A Berliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Transendothelial migration of mononuclear cells is crucial in the development of allograft rejection and transplant coronary disease. Adhesion of circulating cells to endothelium is the initial step in transendothelial migration. Human aortic endothelial cell cultures were established from aortic tissue harvested at the time of organ donation for cardiac transplantation which allowed specific recipient mononuclear cell-graft endothelial interactions to be studied. Confluent untreated endothelial cells were incubated with recipient mononuclear cells for 15 min to assess adhesion. Adhesion of recipient mononuclear cells to endothelium derived from their graft was threefold higher than adhesion to nonspecific endothelium (93 +/- 20 vs. 30 +/- 11 cells/high power field, P < 0.005). Graft-specific adhesion was inhibited by preincubation of the endothelium with antibodies to class I HLA (34 +/- 16 cells/high power field, P < 0.005). Immunofluorescence performed after adhesion showed that 73 +/- 6% of both specific and nonspecific adherent cells were monocytes. The use of purified lymphocyte and monocyte preparations showed that graft-specific lymphocytes induce unrelated monocytes to become adherent. These results suggest that lymphocytes are primed in vivo to recognize endothelium derived from their graft which leads to a rapid increase in lymphocyte and monocyte adhesion. Such allo-recognition may involve endothelial class I HLA molecules.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Somatostatin Analogs in the Rabbit Ileum and the Rat Colon
Authors: Linda E. Rosenthal, Darrell J. Yamashiro, Jean Rivier, Wylie Vale, Marvin Brown, Kiertisin Dharmsathaphorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Somatostatin increases absorption of electrolytes and inhibits diarrhea in patients with endocrine tumors and short bowel syndrome. In an attempt to develop a gut-specific somatostatin analog, each amino acid in the somatostatin molecule was replaced with L-alanine, deleted, or substituted with its D-isomer. The potency of each analog to stimulate ion transport in the rabbit ileum was then determined using the modified Ussing chamber technique. The results were compared to the ability of each analog to inhibit the stimulated release of growth hormone from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells and to inhibit the arginine-stimulated release of insulin and glucagon in the rat in vivo. Analogs that showed gut selectivity were then tested for their ion transport properties in the rat colon. Results: (a) Substitution with L-alanine or deletion of the amino acid at position 6, 7, 8, or 9 and deletion of Threonine10-produced analogs with significantly reduced ion transport properties to <4% of somatostatin's action. The substitution also markedly reduced the ability of the compounds to inhibit the release of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon. (b) Selectivity of intestinal ion transport was achieved by any one of the following alterations: L-alanine substitution at Phenylalanine11, deletion of Phenylalanine11, substitution with D-lysine at Lysine4, or substitution with L-alanine at Lysine4. These compounds had intestinal ion transport properties of 52, 34, 139, and 94%, respectively, while demonstrating little or no inhibition of growth hormone, insulin or glucagon release. Conclusions: (a) Phenylalanine6, Phenylalanine7, Tryptophan8, and Lysine9 are required for the ion transport and other biologic actions of somatostatin, whereas Threonine10 serves as an essential spacer. (b) Alteration at Phenylalanine11 or Lysine4 yields analogs that are selective for ion transport in the rabbit ileum and rat colon. These findings should be taken into consideration when developing a gut-specific somatostatin analog that can be useful in the treatment of diarrhea.
Thallium poisoning: a dermatological perspective
Authors: T. HEYL, R.J. BARLOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The dermatological findings in five patients with thallium poisoning are described. Cutaneous involvement consisted mainly of an acneiform eruption, pellagra-like dyssebacea, crusted eczematous lesions and dry scaling of the distal parts of the extremities. Alopecia was not evident initially but later became apparent. The patients also had gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms and signs.
POTENTIATION OF THE LETHAL EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN BY HETEROLOGOUS PLASMA
Authors: Fritz K. Beller, Charles H. Debrovner, Gordon Watkins Douglas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The intravenous injection of endotoxin in human plasma into rabbits produces a marked potentiation of lethal effect, when compared to the mortality associated with comparable doses of endotoxin in saline alone. A similar enhancement was noted with other heterologous plasma (guinea pig, rat) but not with homologous plasma. The potentiating factor is not in the albumin or gamma globulin fractions, is not concerned with fibrinogen, and is heat-labile. Tolerance of the recipient animal to endotoxin destroys the lethal effect. Within a period of 3 hours, endotoxin and human plasma may be administered separately, without regard to timing or sequence, without loss of the lethal effect. The enhancement of lethal effect is not avoided by pretreatment with heparin or cortisone. Preliminary experiments indicate that the loss of lethal effect found after incubation of endotoxin-plasma mixtures may be due to a separate inhibitor, but is not due to loss of the potentiating factor.
SOME CAUSES OF FAILURE AFTER GYNECOLOGIC OPERATIONS.
Authors: WILLIAM E. GROUND
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.</h3> Our mission as gynecologists is to cure women of their diseases, and any procedure, however skillfully executed, is a failure if a cure is not effected. Whether gynecology is to continue to be a living, growing specialty and to redound to the benefit of womankind, as its founders originally conceived, will depend very largely on whether it can be rescued from the ultra surgical, and gynecology not be made a synonum for surgery. The brilliant results obtained by general and gynecologic surgery have been so fascinating that many of the most brilliant of our profession have been so charmed by the glitter as to abandon less luminous fields and devote their entire energies to the development of this department of therapeutics, along purely mechanical lines. While, as has often been said, gynecologists were the first to blaze the way to successful surgery within the abdominal cavity, general surgeons
Identification of allergen components of the opportunistic yeast <i>Pityrosporum orbiculare</i> by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: A. Zargari, B. Härfast, S. Johansson, S. G. O. Johansson, A. Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The yeast Pityrosporum orbiculare (P. orbiculare) is a member of the normal human cutaneous flora, but it is also associated with several clinical manifestations of the skin. We have previously observed IgE‐binding components in P. orbiculare extracts, using sera from patients with atopic dermatitis. In the present study, we raised several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against P. orbiculare to characterize some of its antigens, and used Candida albicans (C. albicans) as a control. We obtained several IgGI MoAbs which specifically recognized P. orbiculare in ELISA. Two of these were selected for immunoblotting studies on P. orbiculare and two patterns of reactivity emerged. Firstly, one MoAb showed a distinct band at a molecular mass of 67 kDa. In the second pattern, a sharp band at about 37 kDa appeared. In contrast, the IgM antibodies raised reacted with a 14‐kDa component; but they reacted with C. albicans in addition to P. orbiculare The IgGI antibodies seemed to react with proteins, as their ability to react in ELISA with extract pretreated with protease was greatly reduced. In contrast, IgM MoAbs were much less affected, suggesting that they recognized nonprotein components. To determine whether these MoAbs‐binding components were also recognized by human IgE, we adopted a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using the MoAbs as catcher antibodies. Both the 67‐kDa and the 37‐kDa components were IgE‐binding proteins. P. orbicular RAST positive sera were scored as positive in the RIA, whereas the control serum was not.
Uses of barium meal examination in dyspeptic patients under 50.
Authors: G M Mead, A Morris, G K Webster, M J Langman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

No abnormality was found in 76 of 100 dyspeptic out-patients under the age of 50 who underwent barium meal examination, while various non-malignant lesions were found in the remaining 24. Only 10% of those under 30, and 10% of those with symptoms for less than a year proved to have any abnormality. Because of the radiographic results treatment was altered in only 11 patients, and most of these changes were small.
Tietze's Syndrome
Authors: J. Landon, J. S. Malpas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

The author puts forth a framework for how to invest efficiently against the two dominant risk factors facing US pension plans—interest rates and credit spreads—as a function of the capital allocated to the asset–liability risk management function (the immunizing portfolio [IP]). The framework uses derivatives and other instruments to vary the nature of the hedge investments as a function of IP capital and seeks efficient use of that capital. The result is a glide path for the IP capital allocation that emphasizes interest rate risk management when IP capital is scarce while balancing interest rate and credit risk management when IP capital is plentiful.
LIPOMA DEVELOPED IN THE UPPER END OF THE SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE.
Authors: GEORGE H. WEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

This specimen is presented, not because of its being a lipoma, but since it is interesting from its location and considerable size. There is no clinic history of the case and the tumor was discovered accidentally in a subject in the dissecting room of Rush Medical College during the winter of 1893. A student called my attention to a swelling in the upper and posterior part of the thigh of a male subject, which he had not noticed until after the removal of the integument. As it appeared with the covering of fasciæ an abscess was suspected. There was a sensation on palpation suggesting fluctuation, which was felt transversely through the tumor, but not in the vertical direction. On dissecting down to the tumor it was found to be located in the semitendinous muscle at its upper end, extending from the insertion of the tendon to the tuberosity of the
Negative Aortogram Not Reliable for Diagnosis Of Splenic Hemorrhage
Authors: Russell B. Sadler
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  When patients are admitted to a hospital with suspicion of splenic hemorrhage, a normal abdominal aortogram is not entirely reliable, and selective splenic arteriography must be undertaken for definitive diagnosis. The following case illustrates this principle.  Report of a Case.—  A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the San Bernardino County General Hospital following an automobile accident, with fractures of the left lower leg and lower ribs, and a pneumothorax on the left side. The blood pressure initially was 84/60 mm Hg, becoming 110/70 mm Hg following infusion of plasma and the insertion of a chest tube. Hematocrit value was 33.3 on admission. Results of physical examination showed left-upper-quadrant tenderness, and abdominal paracentesis returned with a red blood cell count of 130,000/cu mm. The patient's vital signs and abdominal findings remained stable.  Abdominal aortography gave normal findings (Fig 1), with particular attention directed to the splenic artery and
The photocarcinogenic risk of narrowband UVB (TL-01) phototherapy: early follow-up data
Authors: I. Man, I.K. Crombie, R.S. Dawe, S.H. Ibbotson, J. Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article The photocarcinogenic risk of narrowband UVB (TL‐01) phototherapy: early follow‐up data Get access I. Man, I. Man Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K I. Man. E‐mail: iwman@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.K. Crombie, I.K. Crombie Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Dawe, R.S. Dawe Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Ibbotson, S.H. Ibbotson Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson J. Ferguson Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 4, 1 April 2005, Pages 755–757, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06537.x Published: 01 April 2005 Article history Accepted: 19 October 2004 Published: 01 April 2005
Simvastatin, transdermal patch, and oral estrogen-progestogen preparation in early-postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Giovanni B. Vigna, Paola Doneg[agrave], Rosanna Zanca, Angela Barban, Angelina Passaro, Francesco Pansini, Gloria Bonaccorsi, Gioacchino Mollica, Renato Fellin
Journal: Metabolism (2002)