tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brucella melitensis endocarditis: successful treatment of an infected prosthetic mitral valve
Authors: J. B. O'Meara, S. Eykyn, B. S. Jenkins, M. V. Braimbridge, I. Phillips
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>O9Meara, J. B., Eykyn, Susannah, Jenkins, B. S., Braimbridge, M. V., and Phillips, I. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 377-381. <b>Brucella melitensis endocarditis: successful treatment of an infected prosthetic mitral valve.</b> A 38-year-old man had a mitral valve replacement for rheumatic calcific mitral stenosis and regurgitation; following this operation he remained well for 10 months. He then presented with cough, abdominal pain, and rigors, and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> type 3 was repeatedly isolated from blood cultures. His clinical condition deteriorated rapidly and an emergency valve replacement was performed. He was then treated with co-trimoxazole for 12 months and made an excellent recovery. This is the first reported case of brucella endocarditis arising <i>de novo</i> on a prosthetic heart valve.
MOVING BEYOND VEGF: INHIBING GLIOMA ANGIOGENESIS BY TARGETING THE TIE2/ANGIOPOIETIN SIGNALING PATHWAY
Authors: K. H. Plate, A. Scholz, M. Mittelbronn, P. Harter, D. Dumont, P. van Slyke, Y. Reiss
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis inhibitors have evolved in the past decade as one of the most promising biology based therapeutic strategies. Promising pre-clinical studies (published in 1993 and 1994) provided proof of principle that blocking of VEGF dramatically inhibits tumor growth. These observations led to the successful development of inhibitors for VEGF and VEGF receptors by various pharmaceutical companies. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody neutralizing VEGF, was the first-in class drug to achieve FDA approval for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in 2004 and later on in other cancer types, including glioblastoma. Anti-VEGF therapy led to an increase in progression free survival in recurrent and primary GBM, but its role in first-line treatment is less clear. Importantly, several preclinical studies suggested that resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy might evolve in the course of the treatment due to an infiltration of specially polarized myeloid cells. METHODS: In order to define new options for anti-angiogenic therapy we investigated the Tie2/Angiopoietin (Angpt) signaling pathway in human and murine glioblastomas by gene expression analysis. Functional studies were performed in GFAP-tTA/Tetos-Angpt1 and Tie1-tTA/Tetos-Angpt2 transgenic mice. In addition, Tie2/Angpt signaling was modulated by pegulated Angpt1 mimetics and peptide based Angpt2 blockers. Finally, anti-Angpt therapy was combined with anti-VEGF therapy. RESULTS: In more than 200 human brain tumor specimens investigated, Angpt2 protein expression was found to be up-regulated in tumor endothelial cells whereas it was absent in the normal brain. Further, Angpt2 expression levels correlated with WHO grade as well as the number of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Patients with GBM displayed increased pre-op serum levels of Angpt2. Notably, transgenic mice with endothelial cell-specific expression of Angpt2 showed a significant higher number of infiltrating myeloid cells, thus corroborating our findings in human GBM. These findings suggest, that Angpt signaling links inflammation and angiogenesis in GBM and may thus provide a novel therapeutic target.In a GL261 orthotopic syngeneic glioma model, interference with Angpt signaling led to a significant increase in survival, increased pericyte coverage and decreased myeloid cell infiltration. Combining anti-Angpt with anti-VEGF based therapies showed synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly argue for targeting the Tie2/Angpt signaling pathways in human GBM, either alone or in combination with anti-VEGF therapies. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
CASE OF GANGRENE OF SCROTUM AND PENIS
Authors: W. Calhoun Stirling
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A white man, aged 34, entered the hospital, Nov. 27, 1922, complaining of severe pain in the region of the scrotum and penis. The family history was negative. The past history included the diseases of childhood, and influenza in 1918, but no other serious illness. Owing to inability to retract the foreskin, the patient, on the advice of a physician, was circumcised at the physician's office, November 21. There were no untoward symptoms until two days later, when a slight infection developed, for which he applied a strong solution of mercuric chlorid. The next day he noticed that the skin on the penis and scrotum was dead; sensation was lost, and the wound was reddened. He continued to get worse and noticed that the skin was sloughing on both penis and scrotum. The latter had swollen to several times the normal size. He was brought to the hospital. All the
Hospital Resource Allocation and Insurance Coverage-Reply
Authors: Paula A. Braveman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Johnson that it is important to consider how physician behavior is rewarded in interpreting our findings on resource allocation to sick newborns by insurance status. Since providers in prepaid plans (including health maintenance organizations, the predominant type of prepaid plan in California) have powerful incentives for eliminating unnecessary services, we looked separately at the records of babies covered by prepaid plans. The babies who were uninsured or on Medi-Cal consistently received significantly fewer services than those with prepaid coverage. This was true despite evidence that the uninsured and Medi-Cal babies were likely to be at greater medical risk than either the prepaid or fee-for-service private groups. Prepaid plans have been accused of cutting too many corners to suit some consumers' preferences; we are not aware of charges that their service levels are excessive. We therefore interpret our results as indicating that the babies who
Contributions of KRAS and RAL in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Growth and Progression
Authors: Sunny Guin, Yuanbin Ru, Murry W. Wynes, Rangnath Mishra, Xian Lu, Charles Owens, Anna E. Barόn, Vihas T. Vasu, Fred R. Hirsch, Jeffrey A. Kern, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Functional Neoangiogenesis Imaging of Genetically Engineered Mouse Prostate Cancer Using Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Jim W. Xuan, Michael Bygrave, Hongyi Jiang, Fatma Valiyeva, Joy Dunmore-Buyze, David W. Holdsworth, Jonathan I. Izawa, Glenn Bauman, Madeleine Moussa, Scott F. Winter, Norman M. Greenberg, Joseph L. Chin, Maria Drangova, Aaron Fenster, James C. Lacefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We report the first application of high-frequency three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound imaging in a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) prostate cancer model. We show that the technology sensitively and specifically depicts functional neoangiogenic blood flow because little or no flow is measurable in normal prostate tissue or tumors smaller than 2–3 mm diameter, the neoangiogenesis “switch-on” size. Vascular structures depicted by power Doppler were verified using Microfil-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and by correlation with microvessel distributions measured by immunohistochemistry and enhanced vascularity visualized by confocal microscopy in two GEM models [transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) and PSP94 gene-directed transgenic mouse adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PSP-TGMAP)]. Four distinct phases of neoangiogenesis in cancer development were observed, specifically, (a) an early latent phase; (b) establishment of a peripheral capsular vascular structure as a neoangiogenesis initiation site; (c) a peak in tumor vascularity that occurs before aggressive tumor growth; and (d) rapid tumor growth accompanied by decreasing vascularity. Microsurgical interventions mimicking local delivery of antiangiogenesis drugs were done by ligating arteries upstream from feeder vessels branching to the prostate. Microsurgery produced an immediate reduction of tumor blood flow, and flow remained low from 1 h to 2 weeks or longer after treatment. Power Doppler, in conjunction with micro-CT, showed that the tumors recruit secondary blood supplies from nearby vessels, which likely accounts for the continued growth of the tumors after surgery. The microsurgical model represents an advanced angiogenic prostate cancer stage in GEM mice corresponding to clinically defined hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Three-dimensional power Doppler imaging is completely noninvasive and will facilitate basic and preclinical research on neoangiogenesis in live animal models. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2830–9]
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Problems in Severe Renal Failure
Authors: John T. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1965)

As background for comprehending the origin of this book, it must be noted that Dr. Nils Alwall has been treating patients by hemodialysis since 1946. In this same year Willem Kolff reported on his first 15 patients, similarly treated by dialysis. Until 1959, Alwall's clinic was the only facility in Sweden equipped with an artificial kidney. Possibly because of the nature of government support of medical care, referral facilities are freely used, so that his source of patients is the entire population of 7.5 million in the country. Even with the establishment of more renal centers, he continues to see most cases of severe renal failure in Sweden. Thus it is probable that no nephrologist can point to a significantly longer or more intensive experience in management of uremia by means of dialysis. Compilation of experiences with 2,003 dialyses on 1,057 patients forms the core of a 700-page volume, now
PRESENCE OF FREE HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN GASTRIC CONTENTS IN CARCINOMA OF STOMACH
Authors: JULIUS FRIEDENWALD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Since the discovery made in 1879 by Van den Velden in Kussmaul's clinic, that there is an absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric contents in carcinoma of the stomach, great reliance has been placed on the significance of this sign in the diagnosis of this affection; the frequency of its occurrence has been noted by different observers to vary between 77 and 90 per cent. It was soon observed, however, that gastric carcinoma was not the only affection presenting an absence of free hydrochloric acid, and that this finding might also be present in many affections that were benign in character. On the other hand, free hydrochloric acid was observed too, even in excess, in many instances of gastric carcinoma not only in the variety known as carcinomatous ulcers, but also in the usual form. It was therefore concluded that, while an absence of free hydrochloric acid is
Differential Influence of Chemokine Receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 in Development of Atherosclerosis In Vivo
Authors: Niels R. Veillard, Sabine Steffens, Graziano Pelli, B. Lu, Brenda R. Kwak, Craig Gerard, Israel F. Charo, François Mach
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes within atherosclerotic lesions is a critical step in atherogenesis. Mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR2, highly expressed on macrophages but also on T lymphocytes, show a striking reduction of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a marker of activated T helper type 1 lymphocytes, the principal T lymphocyte type detected within atheroma. We investigated whether the deletion of both of these 2 important receptors expressed on the principal inflammatory cells present in atheroma would further affect atherogenesis in vivo. Methods and Results— We crossed ApoE −/− mice with either CCR2 −/− or CXCR3 − mice and crossed ApoE −/− CCR2 −/− mice with the ApoE −/− CXCR3 − mice to generate a triple knockout strain. Analysis of atherosclerosis development after 10 weeks of high-cholesterol diet revealed differential effects on early atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal aorta and on advanced lesions in aortic roots. ApoE −/− CXCR3 − mice, but not the triple knockout mice, displayed significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion development within abdominal aortas compared with ApoE −/− CCR2 −/− and ApoE −/− mice. This reduction of lesion formation correlated with an upregulation of antiinflammatory molecules such as interleukin-10, interleukin-18BP, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and with an increased number of regulatory T lymphocytes within atherosclerotic lesions. In contrast, lesion size development within the aortic roots was more enhanced in ApoE −/− and ApoE −/− CXCR3 − mice compared with ApoE −/− CCR2 −/− and triple knockout mice. Conclusions— Blocking chemokine signaling in vivo through deletion of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 has differential effects during atherogenesis. In addition, our results point to an important role of regulatory T lymphocytes during early atherogenesis.
Delineation of myocardial oxygen utilization with carbon-11-labeled acetate.
Authors: M Brown, D R Marshall, B E Sobel, S R Bergmann
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Although positron-emission tomography (PET) with labeled fatty acid delineates infarct size and permits qualitative assessment of fatty acid utilization, quantification of oxidative metabolism is limited by complex alterations in the pattern of utilization of fatty acid during ischemia and reperfusion. Because metabolism of acetate by myocardium is less complex than that of glucose or palmitate, we characterized kinetics of utilization of radiolabeled acetate in 37 isolated rabbit hearts perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer and performed a pilot tomographic study in man. Results of initial experiments with carbon-14-labeled acetate (14C-acetate) indicated that the steady-state extraction fraction of acetate averaged 61.5 +/- 4.0% in control hearts (n = 4), 93.6 +/- 0.9% in hearts rendered ischemic (n = 4), and 54.8 +/- 4.0% in hearts reperfused after 60 min of ischemia (n = 3). Oxidation of 14C-acetate, assessed from the rate of efflux of 14CO2 in the venous effluent, correlated closely with the rate of oxygen consumption under diverse metabolic conditions (r = .97, p less than .001). In addition, no significant differences were observed between rates of efflux of total 14C in all chemical species (reflecting total clearance of tracer from myocardium) and efflux of 14CO2. Clearance of 11C-acetate, measured externally with gamma probes in normal and ischemic myocardium, correlated closely with clearance of 14C-acetate measured directly in the effluent (r = .99, p less than .001) and with overall myocardial oxygen consumption (r = .95, p less than .001). Accumulation and clearance of 11C-acetate from human myocardium with PET demonstrated kinetics comparable to those seen with radiolabeled acetate in vitro. Thus externally detectable clearance of 11C-acetate provides a quantitative index of myocardial oxidative metabolism despite variation in the patterns of intermediary metabolism that confounds interpretation of results with conventionally used tracers such as glucose and fatty acid.
Chemoselection of Allogeneic HSC After Murine Neonatal Transplantation Without Myeloablation or Post-transplant Immunosuppression
Authors: Rustom Falahati, Jianqing Zhang, Linda Flebbe-Rehwaldt, Yimin Shi, Stanton L Gerson, Karin ML Gaensler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

The feasibility of allogeneic transplantation, without myeloablation or post-transplant immunosuppression, was tested using in vivo chemoselection of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after transduction with a novel tricistronic lentiviral vector (MGMT(P140K)-2A-GFP-IRES-TK (MAGIT)). This vector contains P140K-O(6)-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT(P140K)), HSV-thymidine kinase (TK(HSV)), and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) enabling (i) in vivo chemoselection of HSC by conferring resistance to benzylguanine (BG), an inhibitor of endogenous MGMT, and to chloroethylating agents such as 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea (BCNU) and, (ii) depletion of proliferating cells such as malignant clones or transduced donor T cells mediating graft versus host disease (GVHD), by expression of the suicide gene TK(HSV) and Ganciclovir (GCV) administration. Non-myeloablative transplantation of transduced, syngeneic, lineage-depleted (Lin(-)) BM in neonates resulted in 0.67% GFP(+) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. BG/BCNU chemoselection, 4 and 8 weeks post-transplant, produced 50-fold donor cell enrichment. Transplantation and chemoselection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched MAGIT-transduced Lin(-) BM also produced similar expansion for >40 weeks. The efficacy of this allotransplant approach was validated in Hbb(th3) heterozygous mice by correction of β-thalassemia intermedia, without toxicity or GVHD. Negative selection, by administration of GCV resulted in donor cell depletion without graft ablation, as re-expansion of donor cells was achieved with BG/BCNU treatment. These studies show promise for developing non-ablative allotransplant approaches using in vivo positive/negative selection.
The Percutaneous Femoral Artery Approach to Selective Coronary Arteriography
Authors: RICHARD D. SPELLBERG, IRVIN UNGAR
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Experience in performing 267 selective coronary arteriograms by both the exposed brachial artery and percutaneous femoral artery techniques has proved the latter to be the technique of choice. The percutaneous femoral artery approach obviates the need for performing a cutdown over the small caliber brachial artery with the associated difficulties of catheter manipulation from this vessel. We have been able to intubate the left coronary artery with ease in all of 122 patients in whom this approach was attempted. The right coronary has been selectively entered in approximately 90% of these patients. The stability of the position of the catheter in the coronary ostia during manipulation of the patient, coughing, and deep breathing is an outstanding feature of this technique.
Involvement of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and epoxide hydrolase in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and relevance to risk of human liver cancer.
Authors: F P Guengerich, W W Johnson, Y F Ueng, H Yamazaki, T Shimada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the effect of variations in activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on cancer incidence. This interest has accelerated with the development of methods for analyzing genetic polymorphisms. However, progress in epidemiology has been slow and the contributions of polymorphisms to risks from individual chemicals and mixtures are often controversial. A series of studies is presented to show the complexities encountered with a single chemical, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AFB1 is oxidized by human cytochrome P450 enzymes to several products. Only one of these, the 8,9-exo-epoxide, appears to be mutagenic and the others are detoxication products. P450 3A4, which can both activate and detoxicate AFB1, is found in the liver and the small intestine. In the small intestine, the first contact after oral exposure, epoxidation would not lead to liver cancer. The (nonenzymatic) half-life of the epoxide has been determined to be approximately 1 sec at 23 degrees C and neutral pH. Although the half-life is short, AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide does react with DNA and glutathione S-transferase. Levels of these conjugates have been measured and combined with the rate of hydrolysis in a kinetic model to predict constants for binding of the epoxide with DNA and glutathione S-transferase. A role for epoxide hydrolase in alteration of AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis has been proposed, although experimental evidence is lacking. Some inhibition of microsome-generated genotoxicity was observed with rat epoxide hydrolase; further information on the extent of contribution of this enzyme to AFB1 metabolism is not yet available.
Disease Pattern Changes With Food System
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

CHANGES in food processing, distribution, and consumption have led to changes in food-borne disease outbreaks. Red meat consumption has fallen by almost 50% and whole milk consumption by 14% in the past 20 years, says Michael T. Osterholm, MD, PhD, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, with an increased consumption of low-fat milk, cheese, poultry, fresh fruit, and vegetables. "While these dietary changes may be good for the heart, the epidemiology of food-borne diseases indicates that they have not been equally beneficial to the gastrointestinal tract," he says. Addressing the 28th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America in Atlanta, Ga, Osterholm said conservative estimates "suggest that 6.5 million cases of food-borne illness occur in the United States annually, but there are those who put the figure as high as 81 million. Deaths from these diseases range from 525 to as high as 7000 a year. The annual cost
CONGENITAL SYPHILIS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
Authors: JOSEPH S. LAWRENCE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Is congenital syphilis a public health problem? This question is raised by all directors of community health activities when approached for assistance by those who are working to suppress the scourge. Certain data that the state department of health has recently collected may suggest an answer. Each of 2,400 physicians residing in New York State, outside New York City, who was known to have diagnosed a case of venereal disease in 1922, was asked to report, concerning the cases of congenital syphilis observed during 1922: The approximate number of definite cases. The approximate number of probable cases. The number of definite cases in which the patient died under 2 years of age. The number of probable cases in which the patient died under 2 years of age. The number of syphilitic stillbirths. Of the 778 physicians that responded, about one third submitted clinical data as requested. Approximately two thirds of
Joining forces to drive biomedical translation
Authors: Tim Z. Shi, Hong Liang, Xiaokun Liang, Qimin Zhan, Kerong Dai, Barbara M. Alving, Depei Liu, Jianping Dai, Anantha Shekhar, Xiaobing Fu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

The Sino-American collaboration in the clinical and translational sciences drives cross-discipline collaborations.
ANTIPATHY TO BINOCULAR SINGLE VISION; AND THE LINE SEPARATING THE RETINA INTO ITS TWO HALVES.
Authors: G. C. SAVAGE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

That there are cases of strabismus in which it is impossible to establish binocular single vision, most oculists who have had a few years of practical experience will attest. Graefe saw a few of these cases and, on at least two occasions, wrote about them, always confessing that he could do nothing for them. In studying these cases he reached the conclusion that the cause was either faulty projection depending on injured nerve centers, or on the impossibility of obtaining associated action of muscles when these had been long unaccustomed to association. In his cases the visual power of each eye was quite good, for the strabismus had been of the alternating type. By operations and by prisms he could make the images approach but he could never cause them to fuse. "The images would pass from side to side, above and below, or one behind the other, always on
Angiogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic and therapeutic implications.
Authors: P.R Colville-Nash, D.L Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Rheumatoid arthritis can be considered as one of the family of 9angiogenesis dependent diseases9. Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis is controlled by a variety of factors found in the synovial fluid and pannus tissue. Modulation of the angiogenic component of the disease may alter the pathogenesis of the condition, and subsequent cartilage and joint destruction, by reducing the area of the endothelium in the pannus and restricting pannus growth. Current therapeutic strategies exert, to varying extents, an inhibitory effect on the angiogenic process. In particular, the mode of action of the slow acting antirheumatic drugs may be due to their effect on the angiogenic response. The development of novel angiostatic treatments for chronic inflammatory joint disease may lead to a new therapeutic approach in controlling disease progression.