tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does early intervention reduce the number of elderly people with dementia admitted to institutions for long term care?
Authors: D W O'Connor, P A Pollitt, C P Brook, B B Reiss, M Roth
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To test whether early diagnosis and practical help reduce the number of elderly people with dementia admitted to institutions. DESIGN--Controlled trial of effect of help from a multidisciplinary team on admission rates of people with dementia. SETTING--Seven general practices in Cambridge. SUBJECTS--2889 subjects aged 75 and over, of whom 159 were identified as having dementia with a two stage community survey. Eighty six subjects were referred for extra help if they or their supporters wished. The other 73 subjects had access to the usual services and served as controls. INTERVENTION--Subjects and families in the action group were offered a wide range of help, including financial benefits, physical aids, home helps, respite admissions, practical advice, and psychiatric assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Permanent admission to long term care within two years after diagnosis. RESULTS--Early intervention did not affect admission rates in subjects who lived with supporters. By contrast, nine of the 14 (64%) subjects with moderate or severe dementia living alone were admitted in the action group in the study9s second year compared with only one of 13 (8%) controls (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS--Some people with moderate or severe dementia who lived alone and were at serious risk may have been identified earlier by the resource team. Without the team these people would not have become known to the responsible authorities until families, neighbours, and wardens became unable to cope. The study was conducted during the team9s formative period, however, and greater experience might have allowed some subjects to remain at home for longer.
Pancreatic Cancer–Associated Diabetes Is an “Exosomopathy”
Authors: Murray Korc
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Diabetes may be a consequence of pancreatic cancer, preceding cancer diagnosis. The underlying mechanism is the release of exosomes delivering adrenomedullin to β cells, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and perturbations in the unfolded protein response, leading to β-cell dysfunction and death. This knowledge could lead to improved diagnostic strategies for pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1508–10. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Javeed et al. p. 1722
The Genetics of Antibody Production
Authors: John N. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

IN THE 1840s, Dr Henry Bence Jones published a description of an unusual protein found in the urine of a patient with a disease that was to become known as multiple myeloma or plasmacytoma.<sup>1</sup>(See glossary on page 787.) These "Bence Jones proteins" are now known to consist of the light chains of immunoglobulins and are but one of many protein abnormalities associated with multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma results from the malignant proliferation of a clone of plasma cells that produce intact immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments or both. The distinguishing feature of multiple myeloma is its association with a highly homogeneous population of immunoglobulin molecules (ie, monoclonal) rather than highly heterogeneous populations that are found in normal persons. Immunoglobulins are the most heterogeneous family of biologic molecules known. Plasmacytomas also occur in a variety of experimental animals, most notably in the mouse where the disease can readily be induced
Cardiac Arrhythmia and Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: WILLIAM HARPER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 August 1970Cardiac Arrhythmia and Cerebral IschemiaWILLIAM HARPER, M.D., F.A.C.P.WILLIAM HARPER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-2-341_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article on transient cerebral ischemia due to arrhythmia by Walter, Reid, and Wenger (Ann Intern Med 72:471-474, 1970) noted the need to consider episodic tachy- or brady-arrhythmias in the differential diagnosis of patients with otherwise unexplained symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency.Having lived in Holter's home town (1), we had the opportunity to work closely with him and the continuous ECG for over a decade, and early on the frequency of various arrhythmias in persons with normal resting ECGs was noted. Knowing that the hypotension accompanying either tachycardia on bradycardia could lead to central nervous system symptoms,...Reference1. HOLTER N: New methods for heart studies. Science 134: 1214-1220, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Faculty of Medicine (Project Hope) University of Cartagena Cartagena, Colombia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1970Volume 73, Issue 2Page: 341-341KeywordsArrhythmiaBradycardiaCentral nervous systemCerebral ischemiaHypotensionTachycardiaTransient ischemic attacks Issue Published: 1 August 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Glycemic Control on Early Diabetic Renal Lesions-Reply
Authors: José Barbosa
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Poothullil questions the evidence supporting glycemia as a risk factor for diabetic complications. Furthermore, he asks whether other measures (such as lipid levels) correlated more closely with the prevention of the structure manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. Unfortunately, in bolstering his claim for a lack of correlation between a persistent hyperglycemic state and the development of diabetic nephropathy, he has chosen a reference nearly two decades old (his reference 4) that relates to non—insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. In addition to our work showing a strong relationship between glycemic control and the early lesions of diabetic nephropathy in humans, 1 the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) 2 and other studies 3-5 have demonstrated a strong correlation between improved glycemic control and the prevention or reversal of the complications of diabetes. The DCCT demonstrated that lipid levels did not relate as well to the development of complications as did the
Evolutionary theories of schizophrenia must ultimately explain the genes that predispose to it
Authors: Matthew C. Keller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

If alleles that predispose to schizophrenia have reduced Darwinian fitness, their persistence in modern times is puzzling. Burns identifies the evolutionary genetics of schizophrenia as a central issue, but his treatment of it is not clear. Recent advances in evolutionary genetics can help explain the persistence of alleles that predispose to debilitating disorders such as schizophrenia, and can buttress Burns' core argument.
Conditional TPM3-ALK and NPM-ALK transgenic mice develop reversible ALK-positive early B-cell lymphoma/leukemia
Authors: Sylvie Giuriato, Marianne Foisseau, Emilie Dejean, Dean W. Felsher, Talal Al Saati, Cécile Demur, Ashraf Ragab, Anna Kruczynski, Claudine Schiff, Georges Delsol, Fabienne Meggetto
Journal: Blood (2010)
Prevalence and impact of frailty on mortality in elderly ICU patients: a prospective, multicenter, observational study
Authors: Pascale Le Maguet, Antoine Roquilly, Sigismond Lasocki, Karim Asehnoune, Elsa Carise, Marjorie Saint Martin, Olivier Mimoz, Grégoire Le Gac, Dominique Somme, Catherine Cattenoz, Fanny Feuillet, Yannick Malledant, Philippe Seguin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Effect of Chemotherapy on Pneumonia Mortality
Authors: T. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

THYMECTOMY FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS MEDBCATJOURNA 779 brachial artery of a myasthenic patient strength of the hand is maintained or increased, whereas the hand of a non-myasthenic becomes weak and the muscles fasciculate.On July 6 Mr. Dickson Wright removed a portion of the thymus gland through the suprasternal notch, using a suprasternal incision in the neck.She aDDeared to improve very slightly after this operation, but 5z0 _ Xl soon relapsed.On July 29 .100Dr. Courtenay Gage gave deep x-ray therapy to the 280 thymus gland.The patient 260 _ did not seem to improve 240 after this therapy, and was discharged on Aug. no _ 24, being treated with 200 _ prostigmin as an out- o_ patient.On Sept. 16 she was 1 urgently readmitted, being almost bedridden.At E 120fthis time she was need- l00 ing an injection of 2.5 mg. of prostigmin at 6 a.m.z and 225 mg.during the
The Laboratory Service in Civilian Hospitals
Authors: H. I. GOSLINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)

Article1 December 1927The Laboratory Service in Civilian HospitalsH. I. GOSLINE, M.D.H. I. GOSLINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-6-429 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPART IAs indicated by the title, this paper will deal with conditions obtaining in civilian hospitals for the physically ill, where they concern the laboratory service, though much that will be said might have application to the military service and to the service of mental hospitals.Comparing the major services of a hospital—medical, surgical and laboratory,—we find a similarity which is useful for our purposes. Each major service has its acute cases, which demand short-time, intensive attention and its subacute or chronic cases, which demand prolonged, extensive attention.In the first type of case, the physician or the surgeon... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vicksburg, Mississippi PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1927Volume 1, Issue 6Page: 429-434KeywordsArmed forcesResearch laboratoriesSurgeons Issue Published: 1 December 1927 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hospice Approaches to Pediatric Care
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Hospice is an attitude,  a place! Hospice care can be at home, in a specialty setting, on a general ward (chapter 3), or incorporated into a neonatal intensive care unit (chapter 7). This well-organized monograph reads easily and dispels all of the usual reasons not to do it.  There are detailed examples of successful programs throughout. The scope is quite broad and includes topics such as respite care for parents of nondying but severely damaged children, as well as the expected coverage of hospice programs and hospitals. This monograph represents a long-overdue compact manual for helping professionals shift to the more relevant modes of palliative care when a cure is no longer possible.  This reviewer thought she had heard of all types of camps, but Camp Amanda for bereaved children now tops my list of special children's camps. It represents but one of the many new and existing avenues
Electrophysiological Manifestations of the Excitable Gap of Slow-Fast AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Demonstrated by Single Extrastimulation
Authors: Wen-Ter Lai, Chee-Siong Lee, Sheng-Hsiung Sheu, Yeo-Shin Hwang, Ruey J. Sung
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Although AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a well-known rhythm disorder, its anatomic substrate and electrophysiological mechanism remain to be defined. Previously, the description of the excitable gap (EG) of AVNRT was based on electrical stimulation performed from sites remote from the reentrant circuit. In the present study, we characterized the EG of AVNRT by atrial extrastimulation close to the putative reentrant circuit in the AV junction.In 16 patients (3 men, 13 women; mean age, 45 +/- 13 years) with inducible slow-fast AVNRT (mean cycle length, 353 +/- 52 ms), single extrastimuli with a 10-ms decrement in the premature coupling interval were delivered from the anterosuperior interatrial septum (fast pathway area) and the posteroinferior interatrial septum (slow pathway area) from late diastole until atrial refractoriness. An EG was considered present when resetting or termination of AVNRT was induced by single atrial extrastimulation. The study showed that the duration of the EG of AVNRT was wide, measuring 121 +/- 56 and 123 +/- 47 ms and occupying 33 +/- 11% and 34 +/- 9% of the tachycardia cycle length during single extrastimulation from the slow pathway area and the fast pathway area, respectively. The resetting pattern most commonly manifested as the sum of the coupling interval and the return cycle being less than a fully compensatory pause (two times the basic tachycardia cycle length). However, patterns equal to and greater than a fully compensatory pause were also observed. Of note, in 2 of the 16 patients, atrial extrastimulation from either the fast or slow pathway area also affected the preceding tachycardia cycle length (HH interval), indicating alteration of the anterograde input. In all patients, the curve derived from plotting the coupling interval of extrastimuli against the return cycle during resetting exhibited an "increasing" pattern. The mode of tachycardia termination usually occurred when the premature atrial impulse was orthodromically blocked in the anterograde slow pathway.The EG of slow-fast AVNRT is relatively wide, as demonstrated by single atrial extrastimulation from the interatrial septum near the AV junction. Overall, the electrophysiological manifestations of the EG of AVNRT are very similar to those described in AV reciprocating tachycardia incorporating an accessory connection. These findings lend further support to the notion that, in humans, AVNRT involves a reentrant mechanism with a wide excitable gap.
Mommy — where do tumors come from?
Authors: Ervin H. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Identification of the cell of origin of cancers is a hot topic, and recently no fewer than five groups have addressed this question for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the skin. In this issue of the JCI, Grachtchouk et al. present evidence from engineered mouse models that at least some BCCs can arise from hair follicle tissue stem cells. Although these cells sustain oncogenic mutations while in the stem cell niche, they may have to leave that stem cell niche to become tumor cells.
Genome–Wide Hypomethylation and Specific Tumor-Related Gene Hypermethylation are Associated with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Outcome
Authors: Sojun Hoshimoto, Hiroya Takeuchi, Shigeshi Ono, Myung Shin Sim, Jamie L. Huynh, Sharon K. Huang, Diego M. Marzese, Yuko Kitagawa, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Fc-glycosylation of IgG1 is modulated by B cell Stimuli
Authors: J. Wang, M. Bax, C. I. A. Balog, K. Stavenhagen, C. A. M. Koeleman, H. U. Scherer, A. M. Deelder, T. W. J. Huizinga, R. E. M. Toes, M. Wuhrer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. We have recently shown that IgG1 ACPA of RA patients harbour different glycan moieties on their Fc-tail, as compared to total sera IgG1. Given the crucial roles of Fc-linked N-glycans for the structure and biological activity of IgG, Fc-glycosylation of antibodies and especially ACPA is receiving considerable interest. However, little is known about the signals and factors that could influence the composition of these carbohydrate structures on secreted IgG produced by B lymphocytes. Here, we investigated modification of Fc-glycosylation by treatment of B cells with different immune modulatory stimulants. CD19 B cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from blood of healthy donors, and cultured with specific supplements for 7–9 days. Subsequently, IgG was purified by protein A beads from the cell culture supernatants and digested with trypsin. Finally, the Fc-glycans were analysed by mass spectrometry. We show that both factors belonging to the innate immune system including the toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG, as well as factors of the adaptive immune system, like the T cell derived cytokine interleukin 21 (IL-21), can modulate IgG Fc-glycosylation. In addition, also 'environmental' factors, such as retinoic acid, a natural metabolite of vitamin A, modulated the glycosylation of IgG Fc. These factors affect Fc-glycan profiles in different ways; CpG and IL-21 increase Fc-linked galactosylation and reduce bisecting N-acetylglucosamine levels, while retinoic acid significantly decreases galactosylation and sialylation levels. Moreover, these effects appeared to be specific for immunoglobulins as no significant changes in the overall glycoforms of cellular proteins were observed. Interestingly, several other cytokines and molecules known to affect B cell biology and antibody production did not have an impact on IgG Fc-coupled glycan profiles. Together, these results indicate that different stimuli received by B cells during their activation and differentiation can modulate the Fc-linked glycosylation of secreted IgG, without affecting the general cellular glycosylation machinery. These data implicate that modification of Fc-glycans of ACPA secreted by B cells of RA patients could be a promising therapeutic tool to reduce the pathogenicity of ACPA in ACPA-positive RA patients.
Stimulated Human Phagocytes Produce Cytogenetic Changes in Cultured Mammalian Cells
Authors: Alan B. Weitberg, Sigmund A. Weitzman, Margaret Destrempes, Samuel A. Latt, Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

CHRONIC inflammation can be associated with cancer.1 Phagocytes in inflammatory lesions enzymatically reduce oxygen to reactive metabolites, which include Superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. These reactive species kill microorganisms, damage DNA, and lyse mammalian cells.2 3 4 5 6 Sublethal damage to genetic material in inflamed foci caused by phagocyte-derived oxygen metabolites may be one mechanism by which cancer arises in the presence of inflammation. The observation that human phagocytes are important in this mutagenic process7 8 9 is consistent with this idea, since there is a strong correlation between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.10 In this paper we report that human phagocytes that are activated . . .
Abstract 341: Overexpression of FGFR2 gene is associated with advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Ryutaro Kikuchi, Cheng-long Huang, Ryo Miyahara, Makoto Sonobe, Toshi Menju, Masashi Kobayashi, Masashi Ishikawa, Jiro Kitamura, Hiroshi Date
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Molecular oncology has revealed various types of genetic abnormality are involved in tumorigenesis of lung carcinomas. For example, mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with non-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinomas, and mutations of K-ras are associated with smoker patients with lung adenocarcinomas. However, few genetic abnormalities were reported in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. In order to identify the specific genetic abnormality in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, we performed a clinical study on the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Method: One hundred and thirty eight NSCLC patients were studied. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate gene expressions of all four members of human FGFR, including FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. In addition, gene status of EGFR (exon 19-22), K-ras (exon 1), and p53 (exon 5-8) was also investigated using PCR-SSCP confirmed by direct sequencing. Results: FGFR2 gene expression was significantly higher in smoker patients than in non-smoker patients (P=0.008). Regarding the tumor histology, FGFR2 gene expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (P&amp;lt;0.001). Furthermore, among squamous cell carcinomas, FGFR2 gene expression was significantly higher in advanced stage tumors than in early stage tumors (P=0.034). Among squamous cell carcinomas, FGFR1 gene expression was also significantly higher in advanced stage tumors than in early stage tumors (P=0.031). In contrast, there was no these relationships in FGFR3 gene expression or FGFR4 gene expression. Regarding other gene status, FGFR2 gene expression was significantly higher in tumors with wild-type of EGFR than in tumors with mutant EGFR (P=0.004), and was likely to be higher in tumors with wild-type of K-ras than in tumors with mutant K-ras. Furthermore, FGFR1 gene expression was likely to be higher in tumors with wild-type of K-ras than in tumors with mutant K-ras (P=0.064). However, there was no difference in FGFR3 gene expression or FGFR4 gene expression according to EGFR gene status and K-ras gene status. In addition, there was no difference in gene expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, or FGFR4 according to p53 gene status. Conclusions: Overexpression of FGFR2 gene expression is associated with lung carcinomas with wild-type of EGFR and wild-type of K-ras, especially in advanced stage of squamous cell carcinomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 341. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-341