tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-122 Determinants Of Weight Loss Prior To Diagnosis In Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: C Alexakis, Y Elsherrif, M Mendall
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Weight loss is a recognised presenting feature of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and considered as marker of malnutrition and disease severity. This is well established in children with IBD, however in adults, evidence based data is lacking. There is little in the literature characterising weight loss prior to formal diagnosis, or defining the disease factors associated with it. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IBD attending outpatient clinic were provided with a questionnaire enquiring into various aspects of their disease. Percentage Body Mass Index loss prior to diagnosis was calculated for each subject. Patients were sub-categorised into groups according to severity of % BMI loss (insignificant &lt;5%, moderate 5–10%, severe 10–20%, extreme &gt;20%), and disease and patient factors associated with weight loss were determined. <h3>Results</h3> 494 subjects were recruited. 237 had Crohn’s Disease (CD); 257 had Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Mean%BMI loss prior to diagnosis was greater in CD (CD 9.76% vs UC 7.63, p = 0.02). Increasing age at diagnosis was inversely associated with weight loss prior to diagnosis in UC (–0.1 per year of age, 95% CI -0.17 – -0.03, p = 0.004), and CD (-0.15 per year of age, 95% CI -0.23 – -0.06, p = 0.003). In CD, patients with prior appendectomy had reduced risk of weight loss (HR 0.38, p = 0.014). Ileal disease was a risk factor in patients with extreme weight loss. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Weight loss is a significant problem for many IBD patients at presentation, especially in younger age and Crohn’s disease with ileal involvement. Improved awareness of the presenting features of IBD should encourage wider use of malnutrition screening tools and earlier investigative tests to uncover patients at risk. Appendectomy confers a protective effect in CD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
von Willebrand's disease: Use of collagen binding assay provides potential improvement to laboratory monitoring of desmopressin (DDAVP) therapy
Authors: Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Mark Dean, Linda Grispo, Tom Exner, Jerry Koutts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

This report describes studies investigating the use of a collagen binding assay to improve the laboratory monitoring of desmopressin (DDAVP) therapy in patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD). We evaluated the response of seven patients with vWD (four type I, three type IIA) to DDAVP, administered using a standard protocol, by assessing levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII, as well as performing skin bleeding times (SBT) prior to, and at sequential time points following, DDAVP administration. The study employed the following assays: von Willebrand factor antigen assay (vWF:Ag; determined by ELISA); a novel functionally based collagen binding assay (CBA; determined by ELISA); ristocetin cofactor assay (RCof; determined by platelet aggregometry); von Willebrand factor multimer analysis (using SDS-agarose gels); factor VIII coagulant (FVIIIC; determined by clotting assay); and factor VIII antigen (FVIIICAG; determined by ELISA). All patients showed an initial incremental increase in vWF/FVIII levels using all assays above, and some showed some correction in SBT. Although the absolute levels of vWF/FVIII antigen or activity varied between patients, the CBA was found to provide consistently the greatest proportional incremental increases (i.e., -fold) compared to baseline (pre-DDAVP) levels. Accordingly, we consistently observed an increase in the CBA to vWF:Ag ratio for all patients evaluated. This supplements previous findings that have suggested a unique ability of our CBA procedure to bind preferentially to higher molecular weight (i.e., more functionally active) forms of vWF. We therefore propose that the use of the above test combination (e.g., vWF:Ag plus CBA) may provide the basis for more accurate estimation of a patient's functional responsiveness to DDAVP therapy in future studies.
Ischaemia after use of finger tourniquet.
Authors: A F Dove, R P Clifford
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Alcohol-related deaths: Birmingham Coroner's records 1980 The consumption of alcohol (ethanol) can contribute to a number of different causes of death, as shown by the Coroner's records in Birmingham for 1980. Subjects, methods, and resultsDuring 1980, 589 inquests were completed of which 119 (20%) were on people whose deaths were related to the consumption of alcohol.Verdicts of alleged homicide, road traffic accidents, suicides, open verdicts, and various "others" were related to alcohol in 32 % of cases (see table).Among the 305 Number of deaths recorded by Birmingham Coroner in 1980 which were related to alcohol consumption Alcohol-related deaths Total No of Coroner's verdict deaths No % Alleged homicide 27 17 63 Various "other" 23 8 35Road traffic accidents
Comparing Outcomes of Care Before and After Implementation of the DRG-Based Prospective Payment System
Authors: Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We compared patient outcomes before and after the introduction of the diagnosis related groups (DRG)-based prospective payment system (PPS) in a nationally representative sample of 14 012 Medicare patients hospitalized in 1981 through 1982 and 1985 through 1986 with one of five diseases. For the five diseases combined, length of stay dropped 24% and in-hospital mortality declined from 16.1% to 12.6% after the PPS was introduced (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Thirty-day mortality adjusted for sickness at admission was 1.1% lower than before (16.5% pre-PPS, 15.4% post-PPS;<i>P</i>&lt;.05), and 180-day adjusted mortality was essentially unchanged at 29.6% pre- vs 29.0% post-PPS (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). For patients admitted to the hospital from home, 4% more patients were not discharged home post-PPS than pre-PPS (<i>P</i>&lt;.05), and an additional 1% of patients had prolonged nursing home stays (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The introduction of the PPS was not associated with a worsening of outcome for hospitalized Medicare patients. However, because our post-PPS data are from 1985 and 1986, we recommend that clinical monitoring be maintained to ensure that changes in prospective payment do not negatively affect patient outcome. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1984-1988)
Spontaneous emergence of overgrown molar teeth in a colony of Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Andrew H Jheon, Michaela Prochazkova, Michael Sherman, Devanand S Manoli, Nirao M Shah, Lawrence Carbone, Ophir Klein
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2015)

Continuously growing incisors are common to all rodents, which include the Microtus genus of voles. However, unlike many rodents, voles also possess continuously growing molars. Here, we report spontaneous molar defects in a population of Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). We identified bilateral protuberances on the ventral surface of the mandible in several voles in our colony. In some cases, the protuberances broke through the cortical bone. The mandibular molars became exposed and infected, and the maxillary molars entered the cranial vault. Visualisation upon soft tissue removal and microcomputed tomography (microCT) analyses confirmed that the protuberances were caused by the overgrowth of the apical ends of the molar teeth. We speculate that the unrestricted growth of the molars was due to the misregulation of the molar dental stem cell niche. Further study of this molar phenotype may yield additional insight into stem cell regulation and the evolution and development of continuously growing teeth. Overgrown molars in some prairie voles could help explain the development of continuously growing teeth in rodents, say US researchers. All rodents have incisors that grow continuously throughout their lives but voles also possess continuously growing molars. Andrew Jheon at the University of California, San Francisco, and co-workers noticed that three animals in their vole colony showed unusually large molar protuberances and that these characteristics were passed on to their offspring. In some cases, the extra-large molars became infected or even broke through into the brain. The incisors of the affected voles appeared to be normal, leading the researchers to suggest that there are important genetic regulatory differences between incisors and molars. Specifically, the unrestricted molar growth may be caused by mis-regulation of a unique group of molar dental stem cells.
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION LEVELS ARE INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS IN FEMALES, BUT NOT IN MALES - AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 1999 – 2004
Authors: Sidakpal S. Panaich, Naga VA Kommuri, Sandip K. Zalawadiya, Vikas Veeranna, Ashutosh Niraj, Maithili Shenoy, Chetankumar Chauhan, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Increased circulating nerve growth factor is directly correlated with disease activity in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: F Falcini, M Matucci Cerinic, A Lombardi, S Generini, A Pignone, P Tirassa, M Ermini, L Lepore, G Partsch, L Aloe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the circulating serum concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) and compare them with indices of disease activity in juvenile chronic arthritis. METHODS: NGF concentrations were evaluated with a two site immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), in 17 children with systemic, 39 with polyarticular, and 24 with pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis. Each subset was divided according to different variables, appropriate to each subset, reflecting active and inactive disease. RESULTS: NGF concentrations were significantly higher in children with systemic [254 (SD 256.1) pg ml-1; P < 0.001], polyarticular [165.2 (300.8) pg ml-1; P < 0.05], and pauciarticular [106.8 (111.8) pg ml-1; P < 0.005] onset juvenile chronic arthritis than in controls. In all subsets, NGF concentrations were higher in the active than in the inactive phase of the disease. A significant direct correlation between NGF concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found both in the systemic and in the polyarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in NGF concentrations in all juvenile chronic arthritis subsets and the correlation with disease activity suggest that NGF may take an active part in joint inflammation.
Antibody-Mediated p53 Protein Therapy Prevents Liver Metastasis<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: James E. Hansen, Laurice K. Fischer, Grace Chan, Sophia S. Chang, Scott W. Baldwin, Robert J. Aragon, Jacqueline J. Carter, Michael Lilly, Robert N. Nishimura, Richard H. Weisbart, Mark E. Reeves
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract To evaluate the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3E10 Fv antibody-mediated p53 protein therapy, an Fv-p53 fusion protein produced in Pichia pastoris was tested on CT26.CL25 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of colon cancer metastasis to the liver. In vitro experiments showed killing of CT26.CL25 cells by Fv-p53 but not Fv or p53 alone, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that Fv was required for transport of p53 into cells. Prevention of liver metastasis in vivo was tested by splenic injection of 100 nmol/L Fv-p53 10 min and 1 week after injection of CT26.CL25 cancer cells into the portal vein of BALB/c mice. Mice were sacrificed 1 week after the second injection of Fv-p53 and assigned a quantitative metastasis score. Control mice had an average metastasis score of 3.3 ± 1.3, whereas mice treated with Fv-p53 had an average metastasis score of 0.8 ± 0.4 (P = 0.004). These results indicate that Fv-p53 treatment had a profound effect on liver metastasis and represent the first demonstration of effective full-length p53 protein therapy in vivo. mAb 3E10 Fv has significant clinical potential as a mediator of intracellular and intranuclear delivery of p53 for prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1769–74]
Circulatory model studies of external cardiac assist by counterpulsation
Authors: R. M LUEPTOW, J M. KARLEN, R. D KAMM, A. H SHAPIRO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Circulatory model studies of external cardiac assist by counterpulsation Get access RICHARD M LUEPTOW, RICHARD M LUEPTOW From the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J MARK KARLEN, J MARK KARLEN From the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROGER D KAMM, ROGER D KAMM From the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ASCHER H SHAPIRO ASCHER H SHAPIRO † From the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts † Requests for reprints: Professor Ascher H. Shapiro, Room 3-252, MIT. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 1981, Pages 443–455, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.8.443 Published: 01 August 1981
Vaccines against cervical cancer provoke US controversy
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Two vaccines to prevent cervical cancer are nearing approval in the United States and Europe, but they are causing controversy because they are recommended for use in children aged 11 or 12, before they begin sexual activity, Dr Robert Steinbrook, a national correspondent of the New England Journal of Medicine said in a recent edition of the journal (2006;354: 1109-12).

Conservative groups in the US say that use of the vaccine would encourage young people to be promiscuous. The Family Research Council, which earlier said that adolescents should be getting a message about abstinence, later said that it would support use of the vaccines but would oppose efforts to make vaccination mandatory …
Advances in Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Nancy U. Lin, Eric P. Winer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Hormone receptor-positive cancers are the most common tumor subtype among postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Despite substantial improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival with tamoxifen and chemotherapy, recurrences still occur, and may ultimately lead to death from breast cancer. Importantly, disease recurrence includes both early and late events, with over half of all recurrences detected more than 5 years from initial breast cancer diagnosis. In recent years, a number of large, randomized trials have evaluated the role of the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These studies have tested one of three approaches: (1) an upfront AI, (2) a sequential approach after 2-3 years of tamoxifen, and (3) extended endocrine therapy beyond 5 years. Results of these studies have challenged the previous standard of a 5-year course of tamoxifen alone. While the AIs have become a standard component of treatment for most postmenopausal women, many questions remain as to how best tailor endocrine treatment to individual patients. In addition, despite the gains achieved with the AIs, many recurrences are not prevented, and novel strategies are urgently needed, particularly for those women at high risk of recurrence. In this article, we review the efficacy and toxicity data from the available trials of endocrine therapy in the postmenopausal setting. We outline controversies in choosing the optimal endocrine approach, and we discuss selected ongoing studies. Finally, we highlight future research directions, such as the need to understand host and tumor heterogeneity.
Electrophysiological Interventions for Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Elizabeth A. Stephenson, Charles I. Berul
Journal: Circulation (2007)

I Inherited arrhythmia syndromes are electrical myopathies with genetic origins and risk of sudden death.They may present from infancy through adulthood, although the specific diseases have stereotypic but variable phenotypic onset and severity.There is clinical and genetic overlap among the syndromes, with variable penetrance and expressivity.Although underlying mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis may differ between syndromes, the electrophysiological (EP), pharmacological, and interventional options overlap.Specifics of the genetics, pharmacological therapies, and lifestyle modifications have been reviewed recently and are beyond the scope of this article, which focuses on interventional electrophysiology for inherited arrhythmias.
AN ISOLATED CASE OF FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA.
Authors: ARTHUR H. DODGE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The following case of Friedreich's ataxia presents nearly all the symptoms of the disease, according to the synopsis of Soca and Ladame, except the familial feature. Although this familial tendency is usual, cases in which direct inheritance can be traced are rarely observed. The cases of Gowers, Osler and Carre are instances. Isolated cases are far from rare and have been reported, showing nothing more of note than the sporadic occurrence. <h3>Patient.</h3> —J. M., aged 24, single white, male. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Mother is living, aged 60. Father died as the result of an accident at the age of 55. Parents were not related, and no nervous disease of any nature is known in the family. The father was an alcoholic. Alcoholism in parents has been spoken of as an important etiologic factor; Friedreich in his first cases insisted on the causal relationship of alcoholism in parents to this disease. The
Evidence for deactivation of both ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase by adenosine A1 receptor activation in the rat cardiomyocytes.
Authors: M Kitakaze, M Hori, T Minamino, S Takashima, K Komamura, K Node, T Kurihara, T Morioka, H Sato, M Inoue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Adenosine, an important regulator of many cardiac functions, is produced by ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase. The activity of these enzymes is influenced by several ischemia-sensitive metabolic factors, e.g., ATP, ADP, H+, and inorganic phosphate. However, there is no clear evidence that adenosine itself affects 5'-nucleotidase activity. This study tested whether adenosine decreases the activity of ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult male Wistar rats and suspended in the modified Hepes-Tyrode buffer solution. After stabilization, isolated cardiomyocytes were incubated with and without adenosine (10(-9) - 10(-4) M). Ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase activity was decreased by exogenous adenosine (ectosolic 5'-nucleotidase activity, 20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P < 0.05]; cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase activity, 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.54 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P < 0.05] at 10(-6) M adenosine) after 30 min. The decrease in ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase activity was inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline and pertussis toxin, and was mimicked by N6-cyclohexyladenosine, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Neither CGS21680C, and A2 receptor agonist, nor cycloheximide deactivated ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase. Thus, we conclude that activation of adenosine A1 receptors is coupled to Gi proteins and attenuates ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase activity in rat cardiomyocytes.
Treatment of prostate cancer lags behind other cancers
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

British men with prostate cancer are still not getting the treatment they need, despite a recent drive to improve standards in cancer care, NHS chiefs have admitted.

Nigel Crisp, chief executive of the NHS, and Mike Richards, the national cancer director for England, appeared before the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee last week to update MPs on progress since the publication of the NHS cancer plan in 2000. The plan had promised more resources to tackle the disease.

The committee agreed that, in general, progress had …
Proline Isomerization of the Immune Receptor-Interacting Protein RIN4 by a Cyclophilin Inhibits Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Meng Li, Xiqing Ma, Yi-Hsuan Chiang, Koste A Yadeta, Pengfei Ding, Liansai Dong, Yan Zhao, Xiuming Li, Yufei Yu, Ling Zhang, Qian-Hua Shen, Bin Xia, Gitta Coaker, Dong Liu, Jian-Min Zhou
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
An Epidemiologic Study of Abuse of Analgesic Drugs
Authors: Ulrich C. Dubach, Bernard Rosner, Til Stürmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Phenacetin abuse is known to produce kidney disease; salicylate use is supposed to prevent cardiovascular disease. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal epidemiologic study to examine the effects of these drugs on cause-specific mortality and on cardiovascular morbidity.
TCT-608 Two-Year Outcomes after Implantation of XIENCE PRIME and XIENCE PRIME Long Lesion Stents in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Results of the SPIRIT PRIME Multicenter Pivotal Clinical Trial
Authors: Marco Costa, Dean Kereiakes, Robert Smith, Ken Wu, Xiaohe Yu, Louis Cannon, John Wang, Krishnankutty Sudhir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A NEW SUTURE NEEDLE. MODIFICATION OF THE HAGEDORN.
Authors: J. A. DIBRELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

A great number of forceps have been devised during the last few years. The almost endless variety seem to have grown largely out of attempts to adapt them for the use of both the The above cut illustrates the modified needle as correctly made for me by Tiemann &amp; Co., of New York City. ordinary and Hagedorn suture needles. But in this respect all of them seem to be, to a great extent, failures. The transverse and oblique grooves in forceps for the flat Hagedorn needle, require both of one's hands for its accurate adjustment, and when this is done, the needle generally turns or roils much to the annoyance of the surgeon. I have endeavored to obviate this difficulty and the necessity for so many needle forceps, in changing somewhat the form of the Hagedorn needle, which many surgeons prefer to all others, and at the same time I
Pulmonary and thoracic macrophage subpopulations and clearance of particles from the lung.
Authors: B E Lehnert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Pulmonary macrophages consist of several subpopulations that can be defined by their anatomical locations as well as by other criteria. In addition to the well-known alveolar macrophages that reside on the alveolar surface, pulmonary macrophages also occur in the conducting airways, in various pulmonary interstitial regions, and, in some mammalian species, in the lung's intravascular compartment. Other thoracic macrophages of relevance to pulmonary defense and some lung disease processes are the pleural macrophages resident in the pleural space and macrophages present in regional lymph nodes that receive lymphatic drainage from the lung. Of the above subpopulations of pulmonary and thoracic macrophages, the alveolar macrophages have received the most experimental attention in the context of the pulmonary clearance and retention of deposited particles. Accordingly, less information is currently available regarding the roles other pulmonary and thoracic populations of macrophages may play in the removal of particles from the lower respiratory tract and associated tissue compartments. This report provides an overview of the various subpopulations of pulmonary and thoracic macrophages, as defined by their anatomical locations. The known and postulated roles of macrophages in the pulmonary clearance and retention of particles are reviewed, with particular emphasis on macrophage-associated processes involved in the pulmonary clearance of relatively insoluble particles.