tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of statin therapy on inflammatory cytokines in patients with bacterial infections: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Victor Novack, Miruna Eisinger, Amit Frenkel, Marius Terblanche, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Amos Douvdevani, Doron Amichay, Yaniv Almog
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
A Death Camp Survivor Slain by Mugger, Buried
Authors: John Mann Astrachan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

He lies face down in a Brooklyn playground, resting, amid the swings and teeter-totters. Gray hairs, matted with blood, fringe his aged head and wrinkled neck: an outrageous masterpiece by a bent primitive of the crab-louse school, working in handgun. The killer took forty-five dollars and the tailor's life. The old man left a Jewish star, softly burnished with the honey of young grandchildren, courage and pride. That star glistens through the deep winter of his dear ones' grief. Its light makes shadows of cowards amid the swings and teeter-totters.
Bile acid metabolism in human hyperthyroidism
Authors: Jürgen Pauletzki, Frans Stellaard, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Decreased levels of serum cholesterol are a well-recognized finding in hyperthyroidism. Since the conversion to bile acids is an important pathway for the elimination of cholesterol, we studied primary bile acid kinetics in seven hyperthyroid patients before and after medical treatment. Pool sizes, fractional turnover and synthesis rates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were determined after oral administration of 50 mg [13C]cholic acid and 50 mg [13C]chenodeoxycholic acid. 13C/12C isotope ratios in serum were measured by capillary gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. Compared with the euthyroid state, serum cholesterol levels were distinctly lower in hyperthyroidism (150 +/- 33 vs. 261 +/- 51 mg per dl, p less than 0.01). Thyroid hormone excess caused a 34% reduction in cholic acid synthesis (5.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.2 mu moles per kg per day, p less than 0.02), which was associated with a 47% decrease in cholic acid pool size (11.7 +/- 3.4 vs. 22.0 +/- 5.2 mu moles per kg, p less than 0.01). Chenodeoxycholic acid kinetics exhibited no apparent changes. Thus, total primary bile acid synthesis was diminished by 20% in hyperthyroidism. After normalization of thyroid function, the ratio of cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid pool size increased in all patients. This was paralleled by a rise in the ratio of concentrations of cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid in serum. The depression of cholic acid synthesis in the presence of unaltered subjects is compatible with an inhibition of hepatic 12 alpha-hydroxylation by thyroid hormone. Furthermore, evidence is provided that, in man, the low serum cholesterol levels found during hyperthyroidism are not caused by an increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acid.
Anisakiasis of the Colon: Report of Two Cases with Emphasis on the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Colonoscopy
Authors: T. Minamoto, K. Sawaguchi, T. Ogino, M. Mai
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Anisakiasis of the colon is a rare entity as compared with gastric anisakiasis, and its diagnosis is very difficult. We present here two cases--a 42-year-old woman and a 30-year-old woman--of anisakiasis of the colon treated by colonoscopic removal of the worm without surgery. The importance of colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is briefly discussed.
President limits secret experiments on humans
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indoor airborne fungal spores and home characteristics in asthmatic children from edirne region of turkey
Authors: Mehtap Yazicioglu, Ahmet Asan, Ülker Önes, Ulfet Vatansever, Burhan Sen, Mevlut Ture, Musa Bostancioglu, Ozer Pala
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
A long-term immunological study of childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C.K Ting, K.H Hsieh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Immunological dysregulation is an important cause of the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serological evaluation has been useful in the clinical management of patients and as a prognostic indicator. Sixteen patients who developed SLE as children were followed up for more than three years and immunological data collected. The results showed that (a) complement C3 concentration was lower in the active stage of SLE, especially during a major clinical exacerbation, but rarely preceded a major flare up. The concentration was often normal during the mildly to moderately active stage. In contrast, a low complement C4 concentration often preceded a major clinical exacerbation and could be of longer duration, sometimes persisting regardless of disease activity. (b) A T cell subset distribution study showed persistently low CD4 positive T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE during the long term follow up, strongly suggesting that the intrinsic defect is mainly localised in T helper/inducer cells. These abnormal cellular defects did not tend to return to normal even in long term remission. (c) The persistently higher serum interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor concentrations in SLE strongly suggested that the T cells were preactivated in vivo and that these phenomena might persist even in remission. (d) The best single parameter for predicting active SLE was anti-dsDNA. It was highly correlated with disease activity in most patients, and the asymptomatic increase of anti-dsDNA (greater than or equal to 60 U/ml, radioimmunoassay) was often followed by a major clinical exacerbation, especially in patients with a simultaneously low complement C4 concentration, suggesting that it might be an important warning sign of a major flare up. High dose steroids are indicated in this group of patients.
Primidone in essential tremor.
Authors: L J Findley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Essential tremor, with its senile and familial varieties, is a common disorder (Marshall, 1968; Critchley, 1949; Rautakorpi et al., this volume, chapter 14) which, although usually prefixed with the adjective ‘benign’, frequently produces significant disability. As yet there is no satisfactory drug available that can predictably control essential tremor. Alcohol can be effective in reducing or abolishing the tremor in some patients (Growdon et al., 1975). However, this is an impracticable therapy and the effect is not specific to essential tremor. At present beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular propranolol, have proven to have the most therapeutic benefit in attenuating the tremor (Morgan et al., 1973; Winkler and Young, 1974; Tolosa and Loewenson, 1975; McAllister et al., 1977; Calzetti et al., 1982).
Phase I Trial of Arginine Deprivation Therapy with ADI-PEG 20 Plus Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors
Authors: Benjamin K. Tomlinson, James A. Thomson, John S. Bomalaski, Monica Diaz, Taiwo Akande, Nichole Mahaffey, Tianhong Li, Mrinal P. Dutia, Karen Kelly, I-Yeh Gong, Thomas Semrad, David R. Gandara, Chong-Xian Pan, Primo N. Lara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

This phase I study examined the toxicity and tolerability of pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid malignancies.Eligible patients had histologically proven advanced solid malignancies, with any number of prior therapies, Zubrod performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Patients received ADI-PEG 20 weekly intramuscular injection ranging from 4.5 to 36 mg/m(2) and up to 10 doses of docetaxel (75 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks. Primary endpoints were safety, toxicity, and a recommended phase II dose. Circulating arginine levels were measured before each cycle. Tumor response was measured as a secondary endpoint every 6 weeks on study.Eighteen patients received a total of 116 cycles of therapy through four dose levels of ADI-PEG 20. A single dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 urticarial rash) was observed at the 1st dose level, with no additional dose-limiting toxicities observed. Hematologic toxicities were common with 14 patients experiencing at least one grade 3 to 4 leukopenia. Fatigue was the most prevalent toxicity reported by 16 patients. Arginine was variably suppressed with 10 patients achieving at least a 50% reduction in baseline values. In 14 patients with evaluable disease, four partial responses (including 2 patients with PSA response) were documented, and 7 patients had stable disease.ADI-PEG 20 demonstrated reasonable toxicity in combination with docetaxel. Promising clinical activity was noted, and expansion cohorts are now accruing for both castrate-resistant prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer at a recommended phase II dose of 36 mg/m(2).
Phase III Study Comparing a Semimonthly With a Monthly Regimen of Fluorouracil and Leucovorin As Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II and III Colon Cancer Patients: Final Results of GERCOR C96.1
Authors: Thierry André, Emmanuel Quinaux, Christophe Louvet, Philippe Colin, Erik Gamelin, Olivier Bouche, Emmanuel Achille, Pascal Piedbois, Nicole Tubiana-Mathieu, Arnaud Boutan-Laroze, Michel Flesch, Gérard Lledo, Yves Raoul, Isabelle Debrix, Marc Buyse, Aimery de Gramont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose This randomized, 2 × 2 factorial study compared a semimonthly regimen (fluorouracil [FU] and leucovorin [LV] semi-monthly is LV5FU2) with a monthly regimen of FU and LV (mFU/LV) as well as 24 weeks versus 36 weeks of each regimen as adjuvant treatment of stage II and III colon cancer. Patients and Methods LV5FU2 was administered semimonthly for 2 days as racemate (dl) or levogyre (l-; 200 or 100 mg/m 2 ) as a 2-hour infusion, followed by 400 mg/m 2 FU bolus and a 600-mg/m 2 FU 22-hour continuous infusion. FU and LV were administered monthly (mFU/LV) for 5 days as dl- or l-LV 15-minute infusion, followed by a 400 mg/m 2 FU 15-minute infusion. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). Results Between September 1996 and November 1999, 905 patients with stage II (43%) and III (57%) colon cancer were enrolled. The median follow-up was 6 years. There was no statistically significant difference between mFU/LV and LV5FU2 in terms of DFS (150 v 148 events; hazard ratio [HR],1.01; 95% CI, 0.806 to 1.269; P = .94) and overall survival (OS; 104 v 103 events; HR,1.02; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.34; P = .91). No statistical difference was observed between 24 or 36 weeks of chemotherapy. Median survival from metastatic relapse was 24 months. The survival of patients with metastatic relapse (n = 243) was significantly longer for patients with a longer time from random assignment to relapse (&lt; 1, 1 to 2, ≥ 2 years; log-rank test for trend P, .0497). Conclusion DFS and OS were not statistically different between treatment groups and treatment durations. These data confirm the value of LV5FU2 as control arm in the Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/5FU-LV in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer and Pan-European Trials in Adjuvant Colon Cancer studies.
Hormonal Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: ENGRACIO P. CORTES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1978Hormonal Therapy of Breast CancerENGRACIO P. CORTES, M.D., MARK D. LIPSHUTZ, M.D.ENGRACIO P. CORTES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARK D. LIPSHUTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-844_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The excellent review of Legha, Davis, and Muggia, "Hormonal Therapy of Breast Cancer: New Approaches and Concepts" (Ann Intern Med 88:69-77, 1978) failed to mention two critical clinical phenomena.First, about 25% of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer who previously responded to estrogen therapy have a second objective remission when the hormone is withdrawn without further treatment (1, 2). This phenomenon is called rebound regression or hormone withdrawal effect and has been recognized since 1949 (3). The duration of response usually varies from 3 to 39 months. One should therefore hesitate to recommend immediate adrenalectomy or...References1. KAUFMAN R and ESCHER G: Rebound regression in advanced mammary carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 113:635-640, 1961 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. NESTO R, CADY B, OBERFIELD R, PAZIANOS A, and SALZMAN F: Rebound response after estrogen therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 38:1834-1837, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ESCHER G: Clinical improvement of inoperable breast carcinoma under steroid treatment, in Proceedings of the First Conference on Steroid Hormones and Mammary Cancer. Chicago, Therapeutic Trials Committee of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, American Medical Association, 1949, pp. 92-99 Google Scholar4. SINGHAKOWINTA A, HENDERSON M, and VAITKEVICIUS V: Bilateral adrenalectomy in selected patients with carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138:689-692, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. BECKETT V: Hypercalcemia associated with estrogen administration in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 24:610-616, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DAVIS H, WISELEY A, RAMIREZ G, and ANSFIELD F: Hypercalcemia complicating breast cancer: clinical features and management. Oncology 28:126-139, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ENGRACIO P. CORTES, M.D.; MARK D. LIPSHUTZ, M.D.Affiliations: Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center New Hyde Park, NY 11040 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) 1 June 1978Volume 88, Issue 6Page: 844-844KeywordsAdrenalectomyBreast cancerCancer treatmentEstrogensHormonal therapyHormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Reduces Tyrosine Nitration after Lipopolysaccharide Instillation into Lungs of Rats
Authors: KENYA HONDA, HIROSUKE KOBAYASHI, RYUJI HATAISHI, SEISHIRO HIRANO, NAOTO FUKUYAMA, HIROE NAKAZAWA, TOMOYUKI TOMITA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) may either protect against or contribute to inflammatory lung injury. In this study we investigated whether inhalation of 20 ppm NO alters tyrosine nitration, and we assessed the degree of lung inflammation and edema in rats after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. The amount of nitrotyrosine relative to the total amount of tyrosine was measured in lung homogenates, and lung tissue sections were stained for nitrotyrosine and aminotyrosine (a reduced form of nitrotyrosine). Leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted, and myeloperoxidase activity was measured in lung homogenate. Lung edema and inflammatory cell accumulation in lung tissue were estimated by extravascular lung water weight (EVLW) and extravascular dry lung weight (EVDW), respectively. LPS instillation caused increases in nitrotyrosine concentration and immunohistochemical staining of nitrotyrosine and aminotyrosine in the lungs. LPS instillation increased the BALF leukocyte count, myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue, and both EVLW and EVDW. Inhalational exposure to 20 ppm NO induced nitrotyrosine and aminotyrosine formation only in bronchial epithelial cell surface of the lungs not instilled with LPS. NO inhalation reduced the increases in nitrotyrosine and aminotyrosine in LPS-instilled lung tissue as well as the leukocyte count in BALF and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue, but it did not significantly change EVLW or EVDW. Leukocyte depletion in LPS-instilled rats reduced interstitial inflammatory cells, which were stained with nitrotyrosine and aminotyrosine, and attenuated the nitrotyrosine staining of alveolar capillaries. These results suggest that inhalation of 20 ppm NO reduces leukocyte accumulation in the lungs and inhibits tyrosine nitration caused by LPS instillation.
Estimates of beat to beat handling of activator calcium using measurements of [Ca2+]i in aequorin loaded ferret cardiac muscle
Authors: F. Urthaler, A. A Walker, R. C Reeves, L. L Hefner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aims were (1) to measure simultaneously and on a beat to beat basis intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients and force transients in isolated ferret cardiac trabeculae; (2) to obtain and compare independent estimates of the recirculating fraction of Ca2+ using the [Ca2+]i data and the force data (recirculating fraction is the fraction of activator Ca2+ taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in each beat and, in the steady state twitch, the fraction of activator Ca2+ released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum); and (3) to estimate the amount of Ca2+ that returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the amount that, during steady state contractions, enters the cytosol, presumably from the extracellular compartment, with each beat.Eight trabeculae were mounted in the myograph. The servo-controlled muscle length was 98% of the length at which developed force was maximal. A modified technique was used for chemical loading of aequorin, and a new method for computer controlled low level photon counting, storage, calibration, and analysis. [Ca2+]i transients and force transients were simultaneously recorded during potentiated beats, together with their respective decays toward control steady state [Ca2+]i transients and force transients. A modified test of postextrasystolic potentiation achieved with a brief train of rapid pacing followed by a pause was used to evoke the potentiated beats.At 2.0 mM extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o), resting [Ca2+]i was 283(SD 77) nM. The resting tension was 1.6(0.3) g.mm-2. The steady state [Ca2+]i transient and the peak potentiated [Ca2+]i transient averaged 992(165) and 1290(154) nM respectively. The corresponding tensions were 4.0(1.9) and 8.7(3.1) g.mm-2 respectively. The recirculating fraction of Ca2+ calculated from the dissipation of the potentiated [Ca2+]i transient averaged 45(4)%. This recirculating fraction was indistinguishable from the one calculated with another method from the decay of the force potentiation.This is the first study to estimate the recirculating fraction of activator Ca2+ using measurements of [Ca2+]i. The results indicate that over a wide range of [Ca2+]i and tensions the Ca(2+)-force relationship is well approximated by a straight line. At 2.0 mM [Ca2+]o it appears that some 450 nM of Ca2+ recirculates and that a similar amount per steady state beat enters the cytosol, probably from the extracellular compartment.
New mechanism for glomerular injury. Myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system.
Authors: R J Johnson, W G Couser, E Y Chi, S Adler, S J Klebanoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), participate in neutrophil-mediated glomerulonephritis. However, the mechanism of H2O2 neptrotoxicity is unknown. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a neutrophil cationic enzyme that localizes in glomeruli, can react with H2O2 and halides to form highly reactive products. We tested the hypothesis that the MPO-H2O2-halide system may induce glomerular injury by infusing MPO followed by H2O2 in a chloride-containing solution into the renal artery of rats. Controls received MPO or H2O2 alone. MPO-H2O2-perfused rats developed significant proteinuria, endothelial cell swelling, and epithelial cell foot process effacement, whereas control kidneys were normal. In the presence of free 125I, MPO-H2O2-perfused rats incorporated large amounts of 125I, localized to the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium by autoradiography, into glomeruli. Glomerular iodination was greatly decreased or absent in controls. The MPO-H2O2-halide system causes glomerular injury and may be important in neutrophil-mediated glomerulonephritis.
Coronary Atherosclerosis as a Cause of Unexpected and Unexplained Death
Authors: David M. Spain
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The frequency of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease as a cause of sudden unexplained and unexpected death in adults was determined in a series of 1,329 consecutive autopsies. "Sudden deaths" were divided into three categories according to the duration of the fatal episode: less than one hour, between one and three hours, and undetermined (unwitnessed). In the acute episodes lasting less than one hour 422 of 463 adult white males and 32 of 66 white females died from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. In the unwitnessed fatalities and where the episodes were over one hour, coronary atherosclerosis was the cause of death in less than 60%. Cerebral hemorrhage as a cause of sudden death was similarly studied. There were only 14 cases of cerebral hemorrhage of 584 witnessed sudden deaths.
Arterial response to venous occlusion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
Authors: W. A LITTLER, M. A IRELAND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Plethysmographic blood flow records made shortly after venous occlusion of the forearm showed a biphasic response, first vasodilator then vasoconstrictor, in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The vasodilator component of this response was significantly lower in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects, whereas the vasoconstrictor component was identical. The decreased vasodilator capacity of the forearm resistance vessels in hypertension may indicate structural adaptation of these vessels, while the unaltered vasoconstrictor response is against any increased myogenic activity in the vascular smooth muscle in hypertensive subjects.
Genome-wide association study identifies a common variant associated with risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Amanda B Spurdle, Deborah J Thompson, Shahana Ahmed, Kaltin Ferguson, Catherine S Healey, Tracy O'Mara, Logan C Walker, Stephen B Montgomery, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Paul Fahey, Grant W Montgomery, Penelope M Webb, Peter A Fasching, Matthias W Beckmann, Arif B Ekici, Alexander Hein, Diether Lambrechts, Lieve Coenegrachts, Ignace Vergote, Frederic Amant, Helga B Salvesen, Jone Trovik, Tormund S Njolstad, Harald Helland, Rodney J Scott, Katie Ashton, Tony Proietto, Geoffrey Otton, Ian Tomlinson, Maggie Gorman, Kimberley Howarth, Shirley Hodgson, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Nicolas Wentzensen, Hannah Yang, Stephen Chanock, Per Hall, Kamila Czene, Jianjun Liu, Jingmei Li, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Jirong Long, Yong-Bing Xiang, Mitul Shah, Jonathan Morrison, Kyriaki Michailidou, Paul D Pharoah, Alison M Dunning, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)