tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Diagnosis: A Textbook of Physical Signs and Symptoms for Medical Students and Practitioners
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In the preface of this textbook the authors state they are interested in passing on the knowledge they have attained as university teachers of clinical medicine. They have found that a wide discrepancy between medical knowledge on the one hand and practical application of such knowledge on the other is too often displayed by students. The student who knows all the facts about a rare disease may fail to elicit a simple knee jerk or to palpate a massively enlarged kidney. They believe that, in the majority of instances, such deficiencies are attributable not to lack of intelligence or study on the part of the student but to inadequate or faulty training in the art and science of physical diagnosis. They also state that there is some misdirected enthusiasm today for such instrumental methods of diagnosis as are used in chemistry, radiology, and electrocardiology.  These methods, they agree, are of
Common susceptibility alleles are unlikely to contribute as strongly as the FV and ABO loci to VTE risk: results from a GWAS approach
Authors: David-Alexandre Trégouët, Simon Heath, Noémie Saut, Christine Biron-Andreani, Jean-François Schved, Gilles Pernod, Pilar Galan, Ludovic Drouet, Diana Zelenika, Irène Juhan-Vague, Marie-Christine Alessi, Laurence Tiret, Mark Lathrop, Joseph Emmerich, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
Journal: Blood (2009)
An α-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, reduces oxidative stress markers and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in obese type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Noriko Satoh, Akira Shimatsu, Kazunori Yamada, Megumi Aizawa-Abe, Takayoshi Suganami, Hideshi Kuzuya, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Water Content of Erythrocytes
Authors: Stanley L. Schrier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The paper by Glader and his colleagues in this issue of the Journal emphasizes changing concepts regarding the control of ion transport and water content in mature human erythrocytes and the critical role of these modalities in determining red-cell survival.The mature human red blood cell has approximately 52 impermeant anion equivalents per liter of intracellular water in the form of nondiffusible hemoglobin, organic phosphates and glutathione. If there were free flow of anions and cations across the erythrocyte membrane, given the volume constraints of the red blood cell and the requirements of maintenance of electroneutrality and isotonicity, the red . . .
Efficacy and Reduced Metabolic Side Effects of a 15-mg Chlorthalidone Formulation in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension
Authors: Suman Vardan, Kishan G. Mehrotra, Sakti Mookherjee, Gerald A. Willsey, John D. Gens, David E. Green
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We compared a new low-dose chlorthalidone formulation consisting of 15 mg of this compound and a biocompatible polymer in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with the standard 25-mg dose of chlorthalidone in the management of mild essential hypertension. Two hundred twenty-two patients, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years, with an average standing diastolic blood pressure between 91 and 104 mm Hg participated in this trial. At the end of 12 weeks, the percentage of patients who had a decrease in their standing diastolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg or more was statistically similar in both of the active-treatment groups and significantly different from the placebo group. With the lower-dose compound, the metabolic side effect of hypokalemia was less of a problem and there was no evidence of glucose intolerance. Thus, this new 15-mg formulation of chlorthalidone appears to be an effective antihypertensive agent with fewer metabolic side effects compared with the standard 25-mg dose in the management of mild essential hypertension.
Oncolytic Reovirus Effectively Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Paola Marcato, Cheryl A Dean, Carman A Giacomantonio, Patrick W K Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer, as these cells possess enhanced tumor-forming capabilities and are resistant to current anticancer therapies. Hence, novel cancer therapies will need to be tested for both tumor regression and CSC targeting. Herein we show that oncolytic reovirus that induces regression of human breast cancer primary tumor samples xenografted in immunocompromised mice also effectively targets and kills CSCs in these tumors. CSCs were identified based on CD24(-)CD44(+) cell surface expression and overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Upon reovirus treatment, the CSC population was reduced at the same rate as non-CSCs within the tumor. Immunofluorescence of breast tumor tissue samples from the reovirus- and mock-treated mice confirmed that both CSCs and non-CSCs were infectible by reovirus, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that both populations died by apoptosis. Ras, which has been shown to mediate reovirus oncolysis, was found to be present at similar levels in all cell types, and this is consistent with their comparable sensitivity to reovirus. These experiments indicate that oncolytic reovirus has the potential to induce tumor regression in breast cancer patients. More important, the CSC population was equally reduced and was as susceptible to reovirus treatment as the non-CSC population.
Tools for Direct Observation and Assessment of Clinical Skills of Medical Trainees
Authors: Jennifer R. Kogan, Eric S. Holmboe, Karen E. Hauer
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Direct observation of medical trainees with actual patients is important for performance-based clinical skills assessment. Multiple tools for direct observation are available, but their characteristics and outcomes have not been compared systematically.To identify observation tools used to assess medical trainees' clinical skills with actual patients and to summarize the evidence of their validity and outcomes.Electronic literature search of PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and Web of Science for English-language articles published between 1965 and March 2009 and review of references from article bibliographies.Included studies described a tool designed for direct observation of medical trainees' clinical skills with actual patients by educational supervisors. Tools used only in simulated settings or assessing surgical/procedural skills were excluded. Of 10 672 citations, 199 articles were reviewed and 85 met inclusion criteria.Two authors independently abstracted studies using a modified Best Evidence Medical Education coding form to inform judgment of key psychometric characteristics. Differences were reconciled by consensus.A total of 55 tools were identified. Twenty-one tools were studied with students and 32 with residents or fellows. Two were used across the educational continuum. Most (n = 32) were developed for formative assessment. Rater training was described for 26 tools. Only 11 tools had validity evidence based on internal structure and relationship to other variables. Trainee or observer attitudes about the tool were the most commonly measured outcomes. Self-assessed changes in trainee knowledge, skills, or attitudes (n = 9) or objectively measured change in knowledge or skills (n = 5) were infrequently reported. The strongest validity evidence has been established for the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX).Although many tools are available for the direct observation of clinical skills, validity evidence and description of educational outcomes are scarce.
Erythromycin for Anaerobic Pleuropulmonary and Soft-Tissue Infections
Authors: Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Erythromycin has been reported to be active in vitro against most anaerobic bacteria. We found it effective in treating 14 of 17 patients with mild to moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic pleuropulmonary of soft-tissue infections when adjunctive measures (eg, drainage, débridement, and the use of additional antibiotics to treat important aerobic pathogens) were employed. Erythromycin offers a reasonable therapeutic alternative to penicillin in the treatment of a penicillin-allergic patient who has a mild or moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection not involving Bacteroides fragilis or fusobacteria.
Ovarian Cancer Among Black Women
Authors: Graham A. Colditz, Susan E. Hankinson, Byllye Y. Avery
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Ovarian Cancer Among Black Women Get access Graham A. Colditz, Graham A. Colditz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan E. Hankinson, Susan E. Hankinson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Byllye Y. Avery Byllye Y. Avery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 2, 20 January 1993, Pages 82–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.2.82 Published: 20 January 1993
Association Between Plasma Concentrations of Certolizumab Pegol and Endoscopic Outcomes of Patients With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Jean–Frédéric Colombel, William J. Sandborn, Matthieu Allez, Jean–Louis Dupas, Olivier Dewit, Geert D'Haens, Yoram Bouhnik, Gerald Parker, Bosny Pierre–Louis, Xavier Hébuterne
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Leukemia after Cytotoxic Chemotherapy — A Pyrrhic Victory?
Authors: Paul Calabresi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Another such victory over the Romans and we are undone. — Plutarch, Lives AN increasing number of patients with neoplastic disorders survive for long periods after treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy, administered alone or in combination with other forms of therapy. It has been recognized for some time, however, that in persons cured of one cancer a second may develop, either because of an underlying predisposition or as a result of the carcinogenic effects of successful therapy.1 , 2 Ironically, even the fact that this problem has become a serious consideration indicates a substantial measure of progress in clinical oncology.There is an . . .
Attitudes corporelles et relations spatiales dans la relation médecin-malade
Authors: P. Sivadon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The interpersonal approach, especially the physician-patient relationship, involves spatial aspects which are too often neglected. The physician's location in relation to the patient (above or facing him or at his side) and his distance (very close, near or far away) arouses unconscious reactions and primordial reflexes; some of them can have an influence on the examination (raised muscular tone or blood pressure for example). E. T. Hall uses the term 'proxemics' to describe this branch of psychology which has a practical bearing on medicine.
Systemic contact dermatitis to copper‐containing IUD
Authors: F. Purello D'Ambrosio, L. Ricciardi, S. Isola, S. Gangemi, M. Cilia, C. Levanti, A. Marcazzò
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Although copper sulfate can cause systemic contact dermatitis, few such cases have been recorded among copper-releasing IUD users. Reported in this paper is a case of endometritis and urticaria-angioedema syndrome in a 32-year-old user of a copper IUD. Widespread urticaria, as well as angioedema of the eyelids and the labia majora and minora, persisted for about 6 months and were not responsive to corticosteroids and H1-antagonists. Copper sulfate positivity was demonstrated in 72-hour patch test, 48-hour application of the copper spiral to forearm, and in vitro lymphocyte-stimulating test. Histologic examination of the endometrial biopsy revealed vulvovaginitis with hyperplasia of the cervical canal and T-cell and eosinophilic granulocyte infiltration. Removal of the IUD caused complete symptom remission. In experimental animals with a radioactively labeled copper IUD, small amounts of copper sulfate are absorbed through the mucus membrane and carried to the cutis through the blood or lymph. In the cutis, the allergen is intercepted from antigen-presenting cells and recognized by T cells that migrate to the lymph nodes with blastic transformation, proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and cytokine production.
Oral Vinorelbine and Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiotherapy After Induction Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Docetaxel for Patients with Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The GFPC 05-03 Study
Authors: Renaud Descourt, Alain Vergnenegre, Fabrice Barlesi, Herve Lena, Pierre Fournel, Lionel Falchero, Henri Berard, Jose Hureaux, Herve Le Caer, Jean Michel Chavaillon, Laurence Geriniere, Isabelle Monnet, Stéphane Chouabe, Gilles Robinet
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Resistance to activated protein C in unselected patients with arterial and venous thrombosis
Authors: Elena M. Faioni, Cristina Razzari, Ida Martinelli, Daniela Panzeri, Franca Franchi, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Four hundred and ninety-three consecutive patients referred for arterial or venous thrombosis were screened for congenital and acquired abnormalities of blood coagulation predisposing to thrombosis, and were compared to 341 age- and sex-matched controls. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of resistance to activated protein C (APC), a defect shown to have different prevalences in different ethnic groups and to be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Seventy-three (15%) patients had both APC resistance and the 1691 G to A factor V gene mutation, compared to 6/341 (2%) controls. Seven patients had antithrombin deficiency (1.4%), 11 had protein C deficiency (2.2%), and 4 had protein S deficiency (0.8%). The relative risk of thrombosis in APC-resistant patients was 9.4. Resistance to APC was associated mainly with venous thrombosis, the most frequent being deep-vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. Fifty-eight percent of APC-resistant patients had an associated risk factor at the first thrombotic event: pregnancy and oral contraceptive intake were associated with the first thrombotic episode in 35% and 30% of women, respectively. APC resistance is the most frequent defect of blood coagulation in the general population and in the unselected thrombotic population studied by us.
Synthetic D(-)penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled study of a high and low dosage regimen.
Authors: A J Dixon, J Davies, T L Dormandy, E B Hamilton, P J Holt, R M Mason, M Thompson, J C Weber, D W Zutshi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Doses of 600 mg and 1200 mg of D(-)penicillamine daily were superior to a standard regimen of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. The higher dose did not produce significantly greater therapeutic benefit in the group of patients so treated, although individual patients sometimes improved more. The frequency of rashes, blood dyscrasias, and withdrawals from the trial increased withe dosage. It is concluded that D(-)penicillamine is a useful treatment that the daily dose should be as low as possible, and that it should be increased at infrequent intervals only, with due regard to the likelihood of further improvement in relation to an increased risk of adverse reactions.
Genes, specificity, and the lexical/functional distinction in language acquisition
Authors: Karin Stromswold
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Contrary to Müller's claims, and in support of modular theories, genetic factors play a substantial and significant role in language. The finding that some children with specific language impairment (SLI) have nonlinguistic impairments may reflect improper diagnosis of SLI or impairments that are secondary to linguistic impairments. Thus, such findings do not argue against the modularity thesis. The lexical/functional distinction appears to be innate and specifically linguistic and could be instantiated in either symbolic or connectionist systems.
ENDOSCOPY OF THE UTERUS: WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A HYSTEROSCOPE
Authors: Harold F. Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1925)

CHARLES DAV~ID) in a Paris thiesis (1908), described a method of endoscopy of the uterus, in which he employed an instrument consisting of a sheath into which fitted the cystoscope, closed at the far end by a glass crystal and coiltaining near it an incandescent lamp.By enclosing
Characterization of allergens of <i>Anisakis simplex</i>
Authors: L. G. Arlian, M. S. Morgan, S. Quirce, F. Marañón, E. Fernández‐Caldas
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Anisakis simplex is an intestinal parasite of sea mammals. The larvae infect crustaceans, cephalopods and fish. Humans may consume A. simplex third stage larvae (L3) when eating infected raw or under-cooked fish. Consumed larvae cause an inflammatory reaction when they penetrate the digestive mucosa. The larvae or their secretory/excretory products can sensitize humans and induce an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reaction. This parasite is now being implicated in numerous cases of allergic reactions after eating fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the allergenicity of proteins present in an extract of the third stage larva.Rabbit antiserum raised to A. simplex somatic extract (L3) was reacted by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with the same somatic extract. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) was also performed by incubating CIE gels first in the sera of 13 individuals with positive immunoCAP to A. simplex and then in radiolabeled anti-human IgE.Twelve to 16 antigen-antibody precipitin peaks were visualized on Coomassie blue stained CIE gels in which somatic extract was reacted with somatic-antiserum. Autoradiography of CRIE gels showed that 18 different proteins bound IgE in patient sera. Individual patients had serum IgE directed at two to 10 different allergens. Five of these allergens were recognized by >/=50% of the patients. No allergen was recognized by every patient and no patient had serum IgE directed at all 18 allergens.Somatic extracts of A. simplex L3 larva contain a large number of allergenic molecules and there is significant variability between patients in their sensitivity and reactivity to these allergens.
Continuous narcotic infusions for relief of postoperative pain.
Authors: J J Church
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Relief of acute pain after surgery or trauma is still inadequate in many centres, most patients being treated with intermittent intramuscular injections of narcotic analgesics. Over the past three years continuous intravenous narcotic infusions have been used at this hospital to treat postoperative pain; recently a system has been devised whereby an hourly dose is given and the dispenser recharged every hour. The method used is cheap and reliable, and signs of overdosage may be easily checked by nursing staff. Side effects rarely occur. Fifty patients who had received intravenous infusions after undergoing major abdominal surgery were sent a questionnaire to assess postoperative pain, and the results were compared with those from 50 matched controls who had received intramuscular injections. Of those who replied, only four patients who had received the infusion had found the pain distressing compared with 13 controls. Continuous narcotic infusions are most effective in relieving postoperative pain and may be given cheaply and reliably.
Receptors, Antireceptor Antibodies and Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Jeffrey S. Flier, C. Ronald Kahn, Jesse Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE first step in the action of insulin, as in the actions of all polypeptide hormones, is binding to receptor molecules on the plasma membrane of the cell.1 The receptor serves to recognize the specific hormone in the plasma, to bind it and then, as a hormone-receptor complex, to activate the cell. In this seminar, we briefly discuss the nature of peptide hormone receptors and their role in hormone action and then describe some recently identified clinical disorders, which have been clarified through studies of hormone-receptor interaction.Consistent with their role as mediators of the biologic effects of hormones is . . .
Frequency of allergy to <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Cladosporium</i> in a specialist clinic
Authors: A. Frost
Journal: Allergy (1988)

In the literature there is considerable variation in the frequency of allergy to the moulds Alternaria iridis and Cladosporium herbarum. In 1985 a 6‐month frequency study was performed in a specialist clinic with a patient population similar to the average specialist and out‐patient clinics in Denmark as regards sex, age, and diagnoses. Allergy was confirmed by use of a purified and standardized extract, and SPT, CPT and RAST were performed. Among the 292 first referrals nine had allergy to Alternaria , and two to Cladosporium , corresponding to a frequency of 3.1 (1.0–6.5)% and 0.7 (0.1–3.6)%, respectively, with 99 % confidence limits. Most of the patients were multi‐allergies suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis as well as asthma.
Increased Risk of Non-Q Wave Myocardial Infarction After Directional Atherectomy Is Platelet Dependent: Evidence From the EPIC Trial
Authors: JEFFREY LEFKOVITS, JAMES C. BLANKENSHIP, KEAVEN M. ERSON, GAIL L. STONER, HARLAN F. WEISMAN, J.DAVID TALLEY, SETH J. WORLEY, ROBERT M. CALIFF, ERIC J. TOPOL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Gene Replacement Therapy for Hereditary Emphysema?
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

FROM 20 000 to 40 000 persons in the United States have α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder that usually leads to emphysema early in life. Recently, therapy has become available that can help prevent the progression of this debilitating, eventually fatal, chronic lung disease. More encouraging, however, are the results of animal studies that suggest human trials of gene therapy to correct this genetic disorder may be only a few years away. Speaking at the American Lung Association's Second Annual Science Writers' Forum in Annapolis, Md, Ronald G. Crystal, MD, chief, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, offered an explanation of how hereditary emphysema may be more amenable to genetic therapy than possibly such a disease as sickle cell anemia. Most persons who lack a functioning gene for α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin will develop emphysema by the third or fourth decade of life. This
UNUSUAL REACTION TO ANT BITES
Authors: COLONEL CHARLES H. MORHOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

On July 12, 1949, Staff Sergeant W. J. M. reported to the dispensary, Station Hospital, Randolph Field, Texas, in extreme distress; he was able to blurt out that he had been bitten by ants. His entire body was covered with an urticarial rash; his eyes were swollen nearly shut; he was clawing frantically at his chest, arms and neck, and his breathing was stertorous and accompanied by a frothy, mucous expectoration from the mouth. He was cyanotic and appeared to be on the verge of shock. The patient was given 0.4 mg. of epinephrine; he was stripped and showered to remove ants which were on the upper part of the arm, and he was then given oxygen. The chest was full of moist rales, and preparations were made to perform a tracheotomy. However, his breathing became less labored and he was given 100 mg. tripelennamine hydrochloride (pyribenzamine hydrochloride®) orally. Relief
DOES PREVIOUS CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH AN IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR AND ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IMPROVE OUTCOMES?
Authors: Karlyn B. Huddy, Sanjeev P. Bhavnani, Craig I. Coleman, Danette Guertin, Ravi Yarlagadda, Christopher A. Clyne, Jeffery Kluger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)