tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmias and Sinus Node Dysfunction
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Alpert and Flaker<sup>1</sup>have contributed an excellent review of arrhythmias associated with sinus node dysfunction. I wish to take exception to only one item, which, unfortunately, is a recurring source of confusion in many publications. In the author's Table 1, they list acute pericarditis as a cause of sinus node dysfunction. Is there a reference that actually demonstrates even their definite association (if not cause)? While it is not inconceivable that a sick or lazy sinus may be found in a patient who happens to have pericarditis, it has been shown in elegant anatomic studies that acute pericarditis does not invade the sinus node proper, although it can infiltrate the zone around it.<sup>2</sup>Moreover, LeKieffre and colleagues<sup>2</sup>assert that at postmortem examination they have "never seen a patient with pericarditis and arrhythmia who did not also have disease of the myocardium or valves."
Radiation Therapy in Patients With AIDS-Related Central Nervous System Lymphomas
Authors: Lourdes Z. Nisce
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Recently, there were three reports in JAMA  1-3 regarding central nervous system prophylaxis of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). This has prompted us to report our experience in the treatment of similar patients.  From June 1987 to December 1991, the Radiation Oncology Center at The New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center has used brain irradiation to treat 25 men with AIDS-related central nervous system NHL. Ages ranged from 27 to 57 years (median, 37.8 years). All patients except one had a history of opportunistic infections. Virtually all were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Twenty-one had primary brain lymphoma, four had central nervous system relapse of NHL, and three of them had received combination chemotherapy. Two patients had associated Kaposi's sarcoma.  All patients had clinical neurological deficits, and computed transverse tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were highly suggestive of lymphoma. Six had positive brain biopsy
1027-39 Electrical Alternans During Rest and Exercise as Predictors of Vulnerability to Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: N.A. Mark Estes, Douglas P. Zipes, Nabil EI-Sherif, Ferdinand J. Venditti, David S. Rosenbaum, Paul Albrecht, Paul J. Wang, Philip C. Krause, Richard J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Use of Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Design Studies for Pathway-Specific Exposure Model Evaluation
Authors: Ye Hu, Gerry G. Akland, Edo D. Pellizzari, Maurice R. Berry, Lisa Jo Melnyk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Validating an exposure pathway model is difficult because the biomarker, which is often used to evaluate the model prediction, is an integrated measure for exposures from all the exposure routes and pathways. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method to use pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and computer simulation to guide the design of field studies to validate pathway models. The children's dietary intake model is discussed in detail as an example. Three important aspects are identified for a successful design to evaluate the children's dietary intake model: a) longitudinally designed study with significant changes in the exposure for the route/pathway of interest, b) short biologic half-life of the selected chemical, and c) surface loading of the selected chemical at sufficient levels. Using PK modeling to guide a study design allowed a path-specific exposure model to be evaluated using urinary metabolite biomarkers.
Frequency and Type of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in African Americans with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Michele L. Cote, Ramsi Haddad, David J. Edwards, Govindaraja Atikukke, Shirish Gadgeel, Ayman O. Soubani, Fulvio Lonardo, Gerold Bepler, Ann G. Schwartz, Stephen P. Ethier
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Abstract 3707: Sulindac sulfide inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human colon tumor cells by a cGMP-dependent pathway leading to suppression of β-catenin transcription activity
Authors: Nan Li, Heather Tinsley, Jason Whitt, Bernard Gary, Wenyan Lu, Yonghe Li, Adam Keeton, Gary Piazza
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Sulindac and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promise for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer, but toxicities arising from cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition limit their clinical use. Previous reports suggest that sulindac may exert its antitumor effects by a COX-independent target involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, although the specific isozymes involved and mechanism have not been well defined. In this study, we show that sulindac sulfide (SS) inhibits the growth of human colon tumor cells, HCT116, HT29 and SW480 with IC50 values of 60-80μmol/L. Within this concentration range, SS did not affect the growth of human-derived normal colonic epithelial cells, NCM460. Furthermore, SS induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells but not NCM460 cells. SS inhibited cGMP PDE activity in colon tumor cell lysates with minimal effect on cGMP PDE activity in NCM460 cell lysates. By determining the sensitivity of all eleven PDE isozymes to SS, the cGMP-specific PDE5 was found to be the most sensitive with an IC50 value for enzyme inhibition of 38µmol/L. In addition, PDE5 was found to be overexpressed in colon tumor cell lines compared with NCM460 cells. Knockdown of PDE5 expression in colon tumor cells with siRNA resulted in a significant reduction of tumor cell growth and increased apoptosis. Moreover, SS increased intracellular cGMP levels, activated protein kinase G (PKG) and suppressed the expression of β-catenin in colon tumor cells. SS also inhibited the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and reduced the expression of the β-catenin regulated proteins cyclin D1 and survivin, which are important mediators of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Our results suggest that the chemopreventive properties of sulindac are closely associated with PDE5 inhibition and involve the activation of cGMP signaling to suppress β-catenin mediated transcriptional activity. Funding provided by NIH/NCI grants CA131378 and CA148817. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3707. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3707
Genetic heterogeneity in tubular hypomagnesemia-hypokalemia with hypocalcuria (Gitelman's syndrome)
Authors: Alberto Bettinelli, Mario Giovanni Bianchetti, Paola Borella, Elena Volpini, Maria Gabriella Metta, Elena Basilico, Angelo Selicorni, Annamaria Bargellini, Maria Rosa Grassi
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Whole-exome sequencing and clinical interpretation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples to guide precision cancer medicine
Authors: Eliezer M Van Allen, Nikhil Wagle, Petar Stojanov, Danielle L Perrin, Kristian Cibulskis, Sara Marlow, Judit Jane-Valbuena, Dennis C Friedrich, Gregory Kryukov, Scott L Carter, Aaron McKenna, Andrey Sivachenko, Mara Rosenberg, Adam Kiezun, Douglas Voet, Michael Lawrence, Lee T Lichtenstein, Jeff G Gentry, Franklin W Huang, Jennifer Fostel, Deborah Farlow, David Barbie, Leena Gandhi, Eric S Lander, Stacy W Gray, Steven Joffe, Pasi Janne, Judy Garber, Laura MacConaill, Neal Lindeman, Barrett Rollins, Philip Kantoff, Sheila A Fisher, Stacey Gabriel, Gad Getz, Levi A Garraway
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Antibodies to HTLV-I in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Xavier Mariette, Patrick Cherot, Dominique Cazals, Claude Brocheriou, Jean-Claude Brouet, Félix Agbalika, Laurent Bélec, Marie-Claude Georges, Jacques Pillot, Alain Georges, Werner Vogetseder, L-J. Coulderc, C. Desgranges, J. Coste, I. Caubarrere, J-P. Clauvel
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in lung transplant recipients: lack of correlation with airway inflammation
Authors: P. Liakakos, G. I. Snell, C. Ward, D. P. Johns, T. L. Bamford, T. J. Williams, E. H. Walters
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine has been reported to occur in most lung transplant recipients. BHR to physical stimuli such as exercise and non-isotonic aerosols has not been as extensively studied in this subject population. This report aims to assess the presence and degree of BHR to methacholine and hypertonic saline in stable lung transplant recipients and to relate it to the presence of airway inflammation. METHODS: Ten patients undergoing bilateral sequential lung transplantation and six heart-lung transplant recipients, all with stable lung function, were recruited 66-1167 days following transplantation. Subjects underwent a methacholine challenge and bronchoscopy for sampling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy tissues. Hypertonic saline challenge was performed six days later. RESULTS: Nine of the 16 transplant recipients had positive methacholine challenges (geometric mean PD20 0.18 mg, interquartile range 0.058-0.509) and three of these subjects also had positive hypertonic saline challenges (PD15 = 2.3, 33.0, and 51.5 ml). No clear relationship was found between BHR to either methacholine or hypertonic saline and levels of mast cells, eosinophils or lymphocytes in samples of biopsy tissue or lavage fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the lung transplant recipients studied were responsive to methacholine and unresponsive to hypertonic saline. BHR was not clearly related to airway inflammation, suggesting an alternative mechanism for BHR following lung transplantation from that usually assumed in asthma.
Separate vaccines could endanger children
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Experts have declared that the current fad among some parents to give their children single injections against measles, mumps, and rubella rather than the triple MMR vaccine is a “backward step” that could endanger their children's health.

There is no evidence that using separate vaccines to immunise children against these childhood diseases is either safe or effective, because this type of regimen has never been used anywhere in the world, write …
Allergen Specific IL-10 Producing T-Regulatory Cells Are Upregulated in Children Who Have Acquired Tolerance to Egg
Authors: A.B. Fishbein, K.A. Erickson, C. Szychlinski, M.J. Kwasny, R.L. Fuleihan, A.M. Singh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Carvedilol improves left ventricular function in murine coxsackievirus‐induced acute myocarditis Association with reduced myocardial interleukin‐1β and MMP‐8 expression and a modulated immune response
Authors: Matthias Pauschinger, Susanne Rutschow, Kumaran Chandrasekharan, Dirk Westermann, Anneke Weitz, Lothar Peter Schwimmbeck, Heinz Zeichhardt, Wolfgang Poller, Michel Noutsias, Jun Li, Heinz‐Peter Schultheiss, Carsten Tschope
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Sarcoid Heart Disease
Authors: George H. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SARCOIDOSIS, once considered an uncommon curiosity of interest primarily to the dermatologist, is now known for its potential involvement of many organs.1 , 2 No longer can the disease be thought of strictly as a benign disorder: it must be counted among the causes of blindness,2 , 3 crippling pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale,4 5 6 severe neurologic7 8 9 and renal disease,10 hypersplenism and hepatic failure with portal hypertension.11 12 13 14 Moreover, within the last thirty years sarcoidosis has been recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of heart disease unrelated to cor pulmonale. The purpose of this study is to present a case of fatal cardiac sarcoidosis, and . . .
Oculogyric Crises after Phenothiazines
Authors: E. C. B. Keat, P. J. Toghill
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Previously an uninterrupted recovery could confidently have been expected in this type of poisoning once the patient had regained consciousness.This case would suggest that relapse and sudden death may occur in poisoning by tricyclic antidepressant compounds after apparent recovery.The forced diuresis may have kept the patient alive initially and there could be an argument for continuing this treatment in order to wash out the possible second wave of metabolites, which would otherwise contribute to an unexpected relapse.
Adverse Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Small and Large Bowel
Authors: None Schneider, None Benz, None Beermann, None Schiebeler, None Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) account for a large part of prescriptions and self-administered medication worldwide. The adverse effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract are well documented. However, in an increasing number of publications adverse effects in the small and large intestine distal to the duodenum are being reported. This paper provides an updated review of current as well as earlier literature on the pathogenesis of such adverse effects and the potential damage to the small and large bowel caused by NSAID. In addition, suggestions for an appropriate diagnostic workup of NSAID damage are discussed.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 potentiates the pharmacologic activity of retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells: effects on the degradation of RARα and PML-RARα
Authors: Maurizio Gianni', Yesim Kalaç, Isabella Ponzanelli, Alessandro Rambaldi, Mineko Terao, Enrico Garattini
Journal: Blood (2001)
Reform and the Health Care Workforce — Current Capacity, Future Demand
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

As Democrats press to enact health care reform legislation, they have emphasized their commitment to greatly expanding coverage, slowing the growth of medical spending, and more tightly regulating private insurers, if not also creating a competing public insurance option. But among the major questions that their policy prescription leaves unanswered is, How would a health care workforce that many (though not all) observers agree is already inadequate in some regions and specialties provide medical care to an additional 30 million newly insured people? After all, early lessons from health care reform in Massachusetts include the recognition that, as Dr. Mario . . .
Nasal Exhalation of Cromolyn: A Double Effect
Authors: Gary W. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  A 68-year-old woman recently started receiving inhaled nebulized cromolyn for chronic asthma and has shown much improvement. The most interesting aspect of its use is that, because she is unable to coordinate exhaling the medication through her mouth, she exhales it through her nose. She reports that for the first time in years she can now breathe through her nose.  She had been treated with topical aerosolized steroids for the nasal symptoms, but the treatment was only partially effective. Hence, if it is to be assumed that the beneficial effect on this patient's allergic rhinitis is secondary to the exhaled cromolyn, this would certainly appear to be an effective method of treating both the asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Discontinuation of Imatinib: A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome?
Authors: Johan Richter, Stina Söderlund, Anna Lübking, Arta Dreimane, Kourosh Lotfi, Berit Markevärn, Anders Själander, Susanne Saussele, Ulla Olsson-Strömberg, Leif Stenke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Musculoskeletal pain in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after discontinuation of Imatinib : a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor withdrawal syndrome?
Lighting the Way to Control of Heart Function
Authors: Peter B. Dews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Theories of learning are not ordinarily a matter of everyday concern to the cardiologist in the way that, for example, pharmacology is, and when learning is discussed in relation to a relatively common disorder such as the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, practitioners are likely to accept or dismiss the results on the basis of taste or prejudice, in either case uncritically and with a feeling that something mysterious is involved. Reports such as that of Drs. Bleecker and Engel in the present issue on "Learned Control of Cardiac Rate and Cardiac Conduction in the Patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome," however, are likely to . . .
Factors Related to Discontinuation of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin-Infusion Therapy
Authors: Terin S Guinn, Gloria J Bailey, Robert S Mecklenburg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

To determine the factors related to discontinuation of continuous subcutaneous insulin-infusion (CSII) therapy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we analyzed clinical data from a group of 177 patients followed for up to 5 yr. Fifty-one (29%) of the patients made a decision to terminate CSII during the study. Of the clinical characteristics present before the onset of treatment with an insulin pump, the most important variable to predict a future decision to terminate CSII was pregnancy, followed by female gender. In addition, there was a greater percentage of smokers, single or divorced patients, and patients with a history of treatment for mental illness in the dropout group, although none of these differences was statistically significant. There was no correlation between discontinuation of CSII and age, duration of diabetes, or prepump concentrations of HbA1c. Events occurring during CSII were also analyzed for predictive value. Patients who discontinued CSII had a higher incidence of ketoacidosis and a lower incidence of hypoglycemic coma while using a pump. The most common reason reported by patients for terminating CSII therapy, cited by 24 (47%) of the 51, was discomfort, irritation, or infection at the infusion site.
Recognition of alcoholic liver disease in a district general hospital.
Authors: A J Levi, D M Chalmers
Journal: Gut (1978)

Two-hundred-and-two patients with alcoholic liver disease whose investigations included a liver biopsy were seen in a district general hospital over a seven year period. Thirty-five percent presented with general gastrointestinal symptoms rather than with overt liver disease or previously recognised excess consumption of alcohol. Recognition of the alcohol problem was assisted by the finding of a raised mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and/or gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). The use of these methods of detection is discussed in relation to the rapid rise in alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom, and the high mortality of cirrhosis reported from special centres. Twnety-two per cent of the patients were found to have an established cirrhosis, and there was some evidence that the women were more susceptible to some of the toxic effects of alcohol. Early detection can be enhanced by a high level of suspicion, wider recognition of the significance of a high MCV, and the greater use of GGTP estimations.
Skin Effector Memory T Cells Do Not Recirculate and Provide Immune Protection in Alemtuzumab-Treated CTCL Patients
Authors: Rachael A. Clark, Rei Watanabe, Jessica E. Teague, Christoph Schlapbach, Marianne C. Tawa, Natalie Adams, Andrew A. Dorosario, Keri S. Chaney, Corey S. Cutler, Nicole R. LeBoeuf, Joi B. Carter, David C. Fisher, Thomas S. Kupper
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Alemtuzumab depletes malignant T cells but spares skin resident effector memory T cells, treating L-CTCL without increased risk of infection.
Use of Glucagon in Cholescintigraphy
Authors: MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, RICHARD P. SPENCER, DAVID A. MUCCI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A case is presented in which intravenous administration of glucagon, presumably by relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, facilitated the transit of a hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical from the gallbladder into the bowel. This approach is likely more feasible than food intake and at least theoretically safer than cholecystokinin administration. Further studies are needed to assess the actual usefulness of this intervention.
Survival Outcome and Treatment Response of Patients with Late Relapse from Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Targeted Therapy
Authors: Nils Kroeger, Toni K. Choueiri, Jae-Lyn Lee, Georg A. Bjarnason, Jennifer J. Knox, Mary J. MacKenzie, Lori Wood, Sandy Srinivas, Ulka N. Vaishamayan, Sun-Young Rha, Sumanta K. Pal, Takeshi Yuasa, Frede Donskov, Neeraj Agarwal, Min-Han Tan, Aristotelis Bamias, Christian K. Kollmannsberger, Scott A. North, Brian I. Rini, Daniel Y.C. Heng
Journal: European Urology (2013)
New US charity to foster drug research sparks fears of undue industry influence
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A new charitable foundation that was set up to promote collaboration in research between the US Food and Drug Administration and the drug and medical device industries has sparked concerns that it will undermine the FDA's independence.

The Reagan-Udall Foundation, which will be headed by Mark McClellan, who at one time led the Food and Drug Administration and later the federal Medicare and Medicaid health insurance programmes, was spearheaded by the Democrat senator Ted Kennedy in a bid to reform the FDA.

The foundation's creation should shorten the time it takes to …
Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Osteoarthritis—Reply
Authors: Timothy McAlindon, Michael LaValley, Bess Dawson-Hughes
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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BROMIDE INTOXICATION OF UNUSUAL SEVERITY AND CHRONICITY RESULTING FROM SELF MEDICATION WITH BROMO-SELTZER
Authors: Paul C. Bucy
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Numerous reports<sup>1</sup>have called attention to the fact that severe psychosis, with mental deterioration, loss of memory, delirium and hallucinosis, is not uncommon as a result of intoxication with bromides. Moore, Sohler and Alexander,<sup>2</sup>in a review of the recent literature have pointed out that "the duration of bromide intoxication from the appearance of the first symptoms to the disappearance of the major toxic signs" is usually a matter of only two to eight weeks. In the present instance a progressive mental deterioration which was present for eleven to fifteen years and culminated in a state of complete mental confusion, amnesia, disorientation and hallucinosis resulted from continuous self medication with large quantities of bromo-seltzer. Recently inThe Journal<sup>3</sup>attention has been called to the dangers of intoxication with bromides and the dangers arising from self medication with certain proprietary preparations containing bromide salts. Other instances of intoxication