tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NHS exceeds targets on MRSA, waiting times, and GP opening hours, says annual report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The NHS exceeded targets on reducing hospital acquired infections, cutting waiting times, and extending general practice opening hours, the NHS chief executive said in his annual report.

David Nicholson thanked staff for their hard work and said that everyone should be proud of what the NHS has achieved for patients this year. But he warned, “The NHS is well placed but there is absolutely no room for complacency. We must accelerate the pace of reform. It is time now to go further and …
Desmopressin (d‐DAVP) effects on platelet rheology and von willebrand factor activities in uremia
Authors: Zella R. Zeigler, Alexis Megaludis, Donald S. Fraley
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Bleeding times, von Willebrand activities, and platelet retentions were examined before and following d‐DAVP in 13 uremic patients. Shortening of the bleeding time from 16.6 ± 2.2 (SEM) to 6.8 ± 0.7 min was seen in six patients. However, bleeding times remained ± 20 min in the remaining seven individuals. The only baseline parameter that correlated with response to d‐DAVP was the amount of blood loss (mg/min) during the bleeding time test. Responders had normal blood loss values averaging 6.2 ± 1.5 mg/min. By contrast, these values were elevated in 6/7 of the non‐responders and averaged 28.4 ± 5.9 mg/min ( P = 0.01). Von Willebrand activities increased following d‐DAVP in the responders but not in the non‐responders. Platelet retention was uniformly low in all patients and improved from 21.0 ± 7.0% to 75.0 ± 7.9% ( P = &lt;0.001) following d‐DAVP in responders but not non‐responders. To further define the retention abnormality in uremia, the two‐stage platelet retention assay was performed prior to d‐DAVP. Most of the patients (9/12) had both first‐ and second‐phase abnormalities. Therefore, the retention defect in uremia appears to be more complex than that seen in von Willebrand's disease (2nd phase abnormality only). Nevertheless, d‐DAVP seems to improve platelet rheology in uremic individuals whose von Willebrand activities increase with d‐DAVP.
Toxicity after intermittent inhalation of nitrous oxide for analgesia
Authors: Mark Doran, Sahir S Rassam, Lucy M Jones, Simon Underhill
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen in equal proportions (Entonox or Equanox) is an effective analgesic and is considered safe with minimal side effects.The mixture is ideal for treating short term pain.We report a serious neurological problem in a patient using such a mixture to control pain from the daily packing of a large perineal cavity.
Control of Diabetes During Pregnancy: 1985
Authors: Jay S. Skyler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Since the availability of insulin, commencing in 1923, women with type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have been able to contemplate pregnancy. The first major review of the subject in the postinsulin era was compiled by Eric Skipper<sup>1</sup>in 1933. At the London Hospital, he collected data from 37 pregnancies in 33 diabetic women, and based his report on these plus data on 136 pregnancies in 118 women published subsequent to 1923. He noted that the maternal mortality in the published cases was 9.3%, with a further 3.4% of mothers dying within two years of delivery. The fetal mortality was 45.2% in the published cases and 40.5% in his own series. In conventional textbooks of the last few decades, pregnancy in diabetes has been viewed as a circumstance of maternal jeopardy, in terms of maternal survival and progression of diabetic complications as well as of substantial fetal morbidity and mortality,
PERCUTANEOUS THROMBECTOMY WITH PRIMARY CORONARY RIGHT JUDKINS 8 FRENCH GUIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIGH RISK ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM HIGH RISK
Authors: Berumen Luis, Hugo Gutierrez Leonard, Jose Luis Ojeda Delgado, Luis Manuel Paez Lizarraga, Miguel Angel Ramirez Aldaraca, Ivan Salazar Peña
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PROSTATIC MASSAGE: A PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL DISCUSSION
Authors: GEORGE F. FARMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Prostatic massage first came into popular use in 1894, at which time it was adopted by the Royal Institute of Massage at Stockholm. Posner1of Berlin, in 1893, mentioned the cure of chronic prostatitis by repeated digital expression. Prior to the general acceptance of this therapeutic procedure, diseases of the prostate were treated by applications to the perineum in the form of counterirritation, heat, cupping, leeches and the like. Mitchell,2in 1904, suggested that the beneficial effects of horseback riding on hypertrophy of the prostate is brought about by a kind of massage of the prostate gland from the alternating pressure as the rider rose and fell to the horse's motion.  The technic or method of massage has passed through stages of experimentation. When first adopted, the procedure was to massage around the prostate with a circular rotatory motion of the forefinger, but not to massage directly over
Trichlorethylene in General Anaesthesia
Authors: M. Swerdlow
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MBIL JHAL be sufficient to determine a fatal outcome for a foetus, possibly already suffering from the strain of prolonged and difficult labour, and for this reason it seems to me that the safety factor of the air inlets in the Minnitt apparatus is of prime importance.In the United States and to a less extent in this country the recent interest in continuous caudal and saddle-block spinal anaesthesia,
Degradation of blood group antigens in human colon ecosystems. I. In vitro production of ABH blood group-degrading enzymes by enteric bacteria.
Authors: L C Hoskins, E T Boulding
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Human feces contain enzymes produced by enteric bacteria that degrade the A, B, and H blood group antigens of gut mucin glycoproteins. We have studied their production in fecal cultures to determine if such cultures can be a source for enzyme purification and to explore how blood group antigen-degrading enzymes are adapted in individual human colon ecosystems. They were present in fecal cultures from each of 27 healthy subjects, including ABH nonsecretors. Heat-sensitive obligate anaerobes are their major source. From 39 to 85% of the total enzyme activity produced by growing cultures was extracellular. Commercial hog gastric mucin and salivary glycoproteins, including Lea saliva which lacks A, B, and H antigens, enhance production of A-, B-, and H-degrading activity in anaerobic fecal cultures irrespective of the glycoprotein's blood group specificity. There is evidence that the host's ABO blood type and secretor status affects the specificity of blood group-degrading enzymes produced by his fecal bacteria in vitro. Thus, fecal inocula from B secretors incubated with hog gastric mucin (A and H specificity) or with Lea saliva produced greater levels of B-degrading than A- or H-degrading activity, and inocula from A secretors in similar media produced greater levels of A-degrading than B- or H-degrading activity. Blood group-degrading enzymes produced in fecal cultures are glycosidases and not proteases. The B-degrading enzyme cleaves the B antigenic determinant alpha-D-galactose from the oligosaccharide side chains of mucin glycoproteins with B specificity. Anaerobic fecal cultures containing blood group substances are a feasible source for purifying blood group antigen-degrading enzymes. Prior adaptation to blood group antigens in the gut mucins of type A and type B secretors affects the specificity of the enzymes produced in vitro.
Enhanced photodynamic cancer treatment by supramolecular nanocarriers charged with dendrimer phthalocyanine
Authors: Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Yoshinori Nakagishi, Yuji Morimoto, Ping-Shan Lai, Kozo Miyazaki, Kyoko Urano, Souta Horie, Michiaki Kumagai, Shigeto Fukushima, Yu Cheng, Woo-Dong Jang, Makoto Kikuchi, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Identification of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor β2 and β3 Subunits in Rat, Rabbit, and Human Kidneys
Authors: SATINDER S. SARANG, MATTHEW D. PLOTKIN, STEVEN R. GULLANS, BRIAN S. CUMMINGS, DAVID F. GRANT, RICK G. SCHNELLMANN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

The properties and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors in the mammalian central nervous system are well studied. However, the presence and significance of GABA(A) receptors in nonneural tissue is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine the expression and localization of the GABA(A) receptor beta(2) and beta(3) subunits in the kidney. Reverse transcriptase products from RNA isolated from rat and rabbit kidney cortex and cerebellum and rabbit S(2) segments were amplified by use of PCR and GABA(A) beta(2) and beta(3) subunit-specific primers. Sequencing of the kidney PCR products revealed that the rat kidney cortex and rat neuronal GABA(A) receptor beta(2) subunit were identical in nucleotide composition. The rabbit kidney and rabbit neuronal GABA(A) receptor beta(2) subunit were 99% identical in nucleotide composition. Sequencing of the kidney PCR products revealed that the rat kidney cortex and rat neuronal GABA(A) receptor beta(3) subunits were 93% and 95% identical in nucleotide and amino acid composition, and rabbit kidney cortex and rabbit neuronal GABA(A) receptor beta(3) subunits were 95% and 98% identical in nucleotide and amino acid composition, respectively. PCR screening of a human kidney cDNA library and sequencing revealed that the human kidney cortex and neuronal beta(3) subunits were identical in nucleotide composition. Immunoblot analysis of rat kidney cortex and brain identified immunoreactive proteins in the 55 to 57 kD region, corresponding to the GABA(A) receptor beta(2) and beta(3) subunits. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytosolic and basolateral staining of the proximal convoluted and straight tubule. These results provide compelling evidence for the expression of the GABA(A) receptor beta(2) and beta(3) subunits in the kidney of multiple species and the localization of the beta(2)/beta(3) subunits to the renal proximal tubule.
Facilitated stretching.: 2nd ed. Robert E McAtee, Jeff Charland. (Pp 143; soft cover; pound13.95.) Leeds: Human Kinetics Europe Ltd, 1999. ISBN 0-7360-0066-6.
Authors: Ian Horsley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

This is the second edition of a book previously published in 1996 which has been reorganised to make it easier to use and broaden the scope of stretches presented.

Chapter 1 begins with the historical basis of PNF, discussing the work of Kabat and later Knott and Voss. It then goes on to explain the myotactic stretch reflex and the role of muscle spindles, together with the role of the Golgi tendon organ in the inverse stretch reflex (autogenic inhibition) and its function in Chaitow's muscle energy technique, where muscle elongation takes place during “post-isometric relaxation”.

Chapter 2, “Stretching basics”, skims over the subject of whether it is necessary to stretch. Although it is …
Afterpotentials and triggered activity in hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension.
Authors: R S Aronson
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We have found that afterpotentials can be induced selectively in hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension. Three kinds of afterpotentials were recorded by standard microelectrode techniques: early afterdepolarizations, delayed afterdepolarizations, and early afterdepolarizations. The first two kinds of afterpotentials could give rise to triggered spontaneous activity, whereas the last kind did not. Delayed afterdepolarizations were induced in hypertrophied fibers exposed to Tyrode's solution containing high extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o = 7.2-12 mM) and early afterdepolarizations occurred in hypertrophied fibers exposed to Tyrode's solution containing tetraethylammonium (TEA = 10-30 mM). Neither of these treatments produced afterpotentials in normal myocardium. We found that delayed afterdepolarizations became larger when the stimulation frequency, number of preceding driven beats, or [Ca2+]o was increased. The coupling interval from the upstroke of the last driven action potential to the peak of the delayed afterdepolarization decreased when the stimulation frequency or number of preceding driven beats increased. Hypertrophied fibers treated with high [Ca2+]o that gave rise to triggered activity showed a characteristic relationship between delayed afterpotential magnitude and drive cycle length. In hypertrophied muscles treated with TEA, triggered activity developed from an early afterdepolarizations but terminated with a delayed afterdepolarization. The occurrence of afterpotentials in hypertrophied, but not in normal myocardium, appears to reflect the development of an important electrophysiological alteration that may predispose hypertrophied fibers to develop arrhythmias.
Evaluation of Social Security Disability in Claimants with Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Matthew H. Liang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

We compared the Social Security Administration's (SSA) judgment of disability with uninvolved rheumatologists' evaluations of ability to work. With the cooperation of the SSA, 52 new disability claimants who alleged rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus were identified at the beginning of their claim. At the same time that their claim was being formally reviewed, they had a standardized examination by an independent rheumatologist who was not involved with their care, and they had a standardized test of observed performance. Rheumatologists' judgments of ability to work were compared with the SSA judgments. Rheumatologist and SSA judgments were in agreement for 35 of the 52 claimants (67%). All 11 claimants who met or equaled the SSA medical evaluation criteria were judged work-disabled by the rheumatologist. Of 27 judged able to work by the SSA, the rheumatologist judged 11 to be unable. Agreement between the SSA judgment of residual functional capacity and observed performance was no more than would be expected by chance. Most SSA judgments agree with a clinician's evaluation but a standardized physical evaluation by a rheumatologist and performance-based tests appear to add important information.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome After Induction Chemotherapy of Small-Cell Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Robert A. Nelimark, Karl A. Nath
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE TUMOR lysis syndrome, consisting of severe hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia, occurs after the effective induction chemotherapy of rapidly growing malignant neoplasms. This syndrome has been reported to complicate the treatment of acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma.<sup>1-3</sup>The metabolic abnormalities are thought to be secondary to the release of intracellular products after cell lysis.<sup>1</sup>We report herein a case of tumor lysis syndrome that occurred after induction chemotherapy of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital with a recent history of cough, malaise, and weight loss. Pertinent physical findings included normal vital signs, cervical adenopathy, and massive hepatomegaly. Chest x-ray film showed a right lower lobe infiltrate. Percutaneous liver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy specimens demonstrated metastatic small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Complete blood cell count was normal. Chemistry screen showed the following values: sodium, 138 mEq/L; potassium,
JAMA's Covers: If Van Cleven Rates 13, Is It All Rembrandts for 50 Years?-Reply
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Dr Kelley's point is well taken. Many and varied criteria enter into the selection of<i>JAMA</i>covers, among them format, reproducibility, availability, cost, timeliness, quality of transparency, subject, reader response, and the like. There are also many other bases for choice, not so easily quantified, that enter into the process, principal among them being the eye. Just as an artist may actually measure off the canvas when he or she begins a painting but then use the measurements only as a guide in the actual production of the painting, so also is there a certain indefinable "art" or "eye" that goes into choosing finally what will work well as a cover. Of course, this is, as is the artist's product, always experimental or exploratory. There is no formula that can be applied.
Abstract 1979: Three-dimensional Gelfoam® histoculture enables cancer cells to mimic <i>in vivo</i> cancer cell cycling as visualized with FUCCI imaging
Authors: Shuya Yano, Shinji Miwa, Sumiyuki Mii, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Ming Zhao, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Collagen sponge-gel histoculture was developed by Leighton (In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.: Chichester, 2010, Published Online. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0002573.pub2). In the 1950s, Leighton showed that placing cells in histoculture enables them to form 3-dimensional structures. Because of its architectural resemblance to native tissue, sponge gel histoculture represents a unique in vivo-like model to study cancer-cell behavior (Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics, 2nd Ed., Vol. 7, pp. 73-76. Elsevier, 2013). For example, Leighton observed that when C3HBA mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells were grown on sponge-matrix histoculture, the cells aggregated similar to the original in vitro tumor. Distinct structures were formed within the tumors such as lumina and stromal elements, with some of the glandular structures similar to the original tumor (above-reference). We have further developed sponge gel histoculture using Gelfoam to grow tumors, nerves, hair follicles, skin with growing hair (above-reference). In the present report, we use fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) imaging and Gelfoam® collagen sponge gel histoculture to demonstrate that the cell cycle phase distribution of cancer cells in Gelfoam® and in vivo tumors is similar whereby only the surface cells proliferate and interior cells are quiescent in G1/G0. This is markedly contrary to 2D culture where most cancer cells cycle. This observation explains, at least in part, the resistance of solid tumors to chemotherapy which targets only cycling cells. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Shinji Miwa, Sumiyuki Mii, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Ming Zhao, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman. Three-dimensional Gelfoam® histoculture enables cancer cells to mimic in vivo cancer cell cycling as visualized with FUCCI imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1979. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1979
Cytochrome b nucleotide sequences and the identification of five primary lineages of extant cetaceans
Authors: U. Arnason, A. Gullberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Relationships among and within baleen and toothed whales were examined using the complete sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Based on parsimony analyses of conservative nucleotide substitutions, five primary evolutionary lineages of extant cetaceans were identified, one represented by baleen whales (Mysticeti) and four represented by odontocetes (toothed whales). Based on the most comprehensive representation of taxa, both cetaceans and artiodactyls, the most parsimonious relationship among the five lineages is (Mysticeti, Odontoceti (Platanistoidea (Physeteroidea (Ziphioidea (Delphinida))))). This relationship, however, is labile and sensitive to ingroup representation and the choice of outgroup. The short nodes among the five cetacean lineages suggest that the divergence among these lineages occurred over a narrow time period, a finding consistent with the limited fossil evidence that indicates a major cetacean radiation 30-34 Mya. The level of divergence among the five cetacean lineages, and that seen between cetaceans and artiodactyls, suggests that cetaceans and artiodactyls had a common ancestor approximately 60 Mya.
Regionalization of Operations
Authors: William P. Longmire, Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

In this issue of the Journal, Luft, Bunker, and Enthoven discuss some intriguing data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. For certain operations, such as open-heart surgery, mortality tends to vary inversely with the number of such procedures performed at each hospital. For other operations, such as cholecystectomy without incision of the common duct, operative mortality is not related to the frequency of those procedures. It is a bit surprising that the mortality rate for some operations is the same at hospitals where very few or a great many such procedures are performed. The relatively low . . .
Comments on "Heroin Maintenance"
Authors: Vincent P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Many concerned citizens have urged that clinics for legal distribution of heroin be established to deal with the drugcrime problem in our major cities. In New York, for example, at least 250,000 heroin addicts support their habits by thefts and drug pushing. People are being robbed on the streets and in their homes; businesses are burdened with heavy losses which ultimately are reflected in higher living costs; neighborhoods are deteriorating, and buildings are abandoned; the stable middle class is leaving for the suburbs, and hundreds of millions of dollars per year are being diverted from legitimate business to the underworld. Obviously, something must be done. Since there is no immediate prospect of curing these 250,000 addicts, why not give heroin to addicts under medical supervision rather than force them into criminal activity, as we are now doing? This argument seems convincing. What is the fallacy? The weak point in the
Screening to Help Asthmatics Breathe Easier
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE AMERICAN College of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology (ACAAI), Arlington Heights, Ill, has launched the first Nationwide Asthma Screening Program to help people with symptoms of asthma find the medical help and counseling needed to control the disease. The free asthma screenings will take place in shopping malls, civic centers, health fairs, and other public places in approximately 100 communities throughout the United States. The program that began in May seeks to encourage children and adults with breathing problems to speak with the allergists, respiratory therapists, and other health care providers who are volunteering their time and expertise at the screening sites. They will be invited to take a spirometer test and answer a 20-question Asthma Life Quality Test to help determine if a person has asthma and if the asthma is under adequate control. Based on the screening results, the participants will be counseled on whether they should seek