tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functions of the steroid-responsive neural network in the control of male hamster sexual behavior
Authors: Ruth I. Wood
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1996)

Gonadal steroid receptor-containing neurons in the brain are densely interconnected to form a steroid-responsive neural network within the limbic system. The possible functions of such a network include redundancy, signal amplification, stability, and selective filtering of hormonal cues to control steroid-dependent aspects of neuroendocrine secretion and behavior. Recently, the neural circuitry underlying male sexual behavior in the Syrian hamster has been used as a model for testing certain of these concepts. These studies provide functional evidence to support the network properties of gonadal steroid-responsive neurons in controlling hormone-dependent sexual behavior.
Drive against childhood illness is jeopardised by failure to invest in sanitation, warns charity
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ending the worldwide water, sanitation, and hygiene crisis is one of the biggest development challenges of the 21st century, says the latest report by the charity WaterAid, which says that there are more people in the world today lacking adequate sanitation services than in 1990.

The charity estimates that the shortfall in water and sanitation services costs sub-Saharan African countries around 5% of their gross domestic product each year ($47.7bn (£30bn; €35bn) in 2009), which it says is “more than is provided in development aid to the entire continent” ($47.6bn in 2009).

It says that almost 900 million people worldwide …
Influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation and contraction frequency on rat heart interstitial adenosine.
Authors: R A Fenton, S Tsimikas, J G Dobson
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Adenosine (ADO) has an antiadrenergic action in the heart that causes an attenuation of contractile and metabolic responses elicited by beta-adrenergic stimulation. The effect of an increase in oxygen consumption elicited by either beta-adrenergic stimulation or an increase in contraction frequency on interstitial fluid and coronary effluent ADO levels was investigated in isolated perfused isovolumically contracting rat hearts. ADO in left ventricular surface transudates and coronary effluents was rendered fluorescent with chloroacetaldehyde, and the formed ethenoadenosine derivative was quantitated with high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection. Heart preparation integrity was verified by determining the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and ADO deaminase in the transudates. Isoproterenol (10(-8) M) elicited a 45% increase in oxygen consumption and a 54% increase in developed left ventricular pressure in hearts paced at 240 beats/min. With isoproterenol the control transudate ADO concentration (304 pmol/ml) increased 493%, and the control effluent ADO concentration (48 pmol/ml) increased 259%. Increasing the contraction frequency from 180 to 300 beats/min in the presence of 10(-6) M propranolol increased oxygen consumption by 45% and decreased left ventricular pressure by 29%. With the increase in contraction frequency, the transudate ADO concentration did not increase significantly. However, the ADO concentration in the effluent was an average of 269% greater in hearts contracting at the higher frequency. Increasing the contraction frequency of hearts treated with both 10(-6) M propranolol and 10(-5) M atropine also had no significant effect on the level of transudate ADO. The effluent level of ADO increased only 78%. Levels of ADO in transudates were not significantly affected by mesothelial cell metabolism. These results suggest that the beta-adrenergic stimulation the interstitial level of ADO in the heart increases to levels that are sufficient to manifest its antiadrenergic effects. Furthermore, there is not always a correlation between the levels of ADO found in the interstitial and effluent fluid compartments.
Incidence of antibodies to native and denatured cartilage collagens (types II, IX, and XI) and to type I collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: K Morgan, R B Clague, I Collins, S Ayad, S D Phinn, P J Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The frequencies of antibodies to the cartilage type IX and XI collagens and to type I collagen were determined in 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, of whom 76 were positive for antibodies to native type II collagen. A higher proportion of patients with antibodies to native type II collagen had antibodies to these other collagens, but about one third of patients without antibodies to native type II collagen had antibodies to one or more denatured collagens. The patterns of antibodies present in individual sera suggested that there was a selective response to the collagens in an individual patient. The incidence of patients having antibodies to these native and denatured collagens in a random group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was calculated.
PI3Kγ inhibition reduces blood pressure by a vasorelaxant Akt/L-type calcium channel mechanism
Authors: Daniela Carnevale, Carmine Vecchione, Giada Mascio, Giovanni Esposito, Giuseppe Cifelli, Katiuscia Martinello, Alessandro Landolfi, Giulio Selvetella, Paolo Grieco, Antonio Damato, Elio Franco, Hannelore Haase, Angelo Maffei, Elisa Ciraolo, Sergio Fucile, Giacomo Frati, Orazio Mazzoni, Emilio Hirsch, Giuseppe Lembo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsThe lipid and protein kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is abundantly expressed in inflammatory cells and in the cardiovascular tissue. In recent years, its role in inflammation and in cardiac function and remodelling has been unravelled, highlighting the beneficial effects of its pharmacological inhibition. Furthermore, a role for PI3Kγ in the regulation of vascular tone has been emphasized. However, the impact of this signalling in the control of blood pressure is still poorly understood. Our study investigated the effect of a selective inhibition of PI3Kγ, obtained by using two independent small molecules, on blood pressure. Moreover, we dissected the molecular mechanisms involved in control of contraction of resistance arteries by PI3Kγ.
Is T(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation a hallmark of HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia?
Authors: F. Giannelli, C. Ferri, M.E. Marrocchi, L. La Civita, G. Longombardo, C. Giannini, A. Puliti, A.L. Giallombardo, M. Monti, P. Gentilini, A.L. Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Systemic Antibiotics in Acne: A Dermatologic Viewpoint
Authors: Marion B. Sulzberger
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Every dermatologist, every physician who sees many cases of acne, every sufferer from severe acne, every family that has such a sufferer among its members, knows that acne is not a negligible disease. It is not only exceedingly common but it disfigures and embitters many young persons during the most sensitive, formative period of their lives. Thus it can leave lasting scars on both the soma and the psyche. It therefore behooves every physician to render the most effective treatment available to these young sufferers. There is no longer any doubt that tetracyclines and certain other antibiotics are among the very best forms of treatment for many cases of acne. While almost all dermatologists agree that this therapy should not be given in mild cases or to patients who respond to other measures, they also agree that it should not be withheld in treating severe, inflammatory, recalcitrant acne in otherwise
NOTES FROM A CLINICAL LECTURE ON A CASE OF HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA: Delivered at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
Authors: C. Allbutt
Journal: BMJ (1918)

GENTLEMEN, I have asked this-patient to trbsent h-slf here this morning in order that you may see a case. of a very infrequeat disease; I cannpot recall :more than ~1four such cases, if indeed so many, in my own experience.The title of Huntington's chorea I retain because lJ'antingtona physician of New .York-published, in 1872,i the first comprehensive description of the malady.,It -seems to have had some endeemic prevalence in Long Island, New York, as Huntington's father and grandfather and other ph1ysicianosin-the district had observed and distinguished it.The Hintingtqns laid muchl stress on thq hereditary incidenae.!It).is record fell 'into neglect until18^4, 'when Ewald reealled attent on to it.Many cas, hate since been described in both hemispheresf some il necrpsy.The alternative title of Hereditary Chvea .1 &vo,id because in many-in-stances it has not.ben obviously hereditary, and no such condition is present ,in the case now before you.-Atone of our'Discharged Soldiers' Employment Comrnittee meetings the last case on the day's list was of a man, X. Y., who had been sent from one hospital to another as a case of "neurasthenia"; and ultimately
Effect of Edentulism on Spirometric Tests
Authors: CATERINA B. BUCCA, STEFANO CAROSSA, PAOLA COLAGRANDE, LUISA BRUSSINO, GIOVANNI CHIAVASSA, PAOLO PERA, GIOVANNI ROLLA, GIULIO PRETI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The impact of denture wear in edentulous subjects while performing routine spirometric measurements has never been systematically investigated. We compared the values of FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF50%, FIV1, and FIF50% recorded with and without dentures in three groups of edentulous subjects: 36 asymptomatic subjects with normal spirometry (N), 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 18 with interstitial lung disease (ILD). In 14 subjects retropharyngeal space with and without dentures was assessed by cephalometry. Subjects with N and ILD had significantly lower airflow rates without dentures, whereas subjects with COPD had no significant difference in spirometric values recorded with or without dentures. The retropharyngeal space was significantly decreased by removing dentures (from 1.52 ± 0.07 to 1.16 ± 0.09 cm, SEM, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that in edentulous subjects with a normal or restrictive pattern, the recording of flow–volume curves with or without dentures produces small but significant differences. Although such differences do not appear to have clinical significance, the fact that when dentures are used some respiratory flows are higher would favor the use of dentures in edentulous subjects during spirometric evaluation.
AAV Vectors for Cardiac Gene Transfer: Experimental Tools and Clinical Opportunities
Authors: Christina A Pacak, Barry J Byrne
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Since the first demonstration of in vivo gene transfer into myocardium there have been a series of advancements that have driven the evolution of cardiac gene delivery from an experimental tool into a therapy currently at the threshold of becoming a viable clinical option. Innovative methods have been established to address practical challenges related to tissue-type specificity, choice of delivery vehicle, potency of the delivered material, and delivery route. Most importantly for therapeutic purposes, these strategies are being thoroughly tested to ensure safety of the delivery system and the delivered genetic material. This review focuses on the development of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as one of the most valuable cardiac gene transfer agents available today. Various forms of rAAV have been used to deliver "pre-event" cardiac protection and to temper the severity of hypertrophy, cardiac ischemia, or infarct size. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have also been functional delivery tools for cardiac gene expression knockdown studies and successfully improving the cardiac aspects of several metabolic and neuromuscular diseases. Viral capsid manipulations along with the development of tissue-specific and regulated promoters have greatly increased the utility of rAAV-mediated gene transfer. Important clinical studies are currently underway to evaluate AAV-based cardiac gene delivery in humans.
Effects of Replacing Saturated Fat With Complex Carbohydrate in Diets of Subjects With NIDDM
Authors: William G H Abbott, Vicky L Boyce, Scott M Grundy, Barbara V Howard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This study examined the safety of an isocaloric highcomplex carbohydrate low-saturated fat diet (HICARB) in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Although hypocaloric diets should be recommended to these patients, many find compliance with this diet difficult; therefore, the safety of an isocaloric increase in dietary carbohydrate needs assessment. Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride (TG, mg/dl) concentrations in isocaloric high-fat and HICARB diets were compared in 7 NIDDM subjects (fat 32 ± 3%, fasting glucose 190 ± 38 mg/dl) and 6 nondiabetic subjects (fat 33 ± 5%). They ate a high-fat diet (43% carbohydrate; 42% fat, polyunsaturated to saturated 0.3; fiber 9 g/1000 kcal; cholesterol 550 mg/day) for 7–10 days. Control subjects (3 NIDDM, 3 nondiabetic) continued this diet for 5 wk. The 13 subjects changed to a HICARB diet (65% carbohydrate; 21% fat, polyunsaturated to saturated 1.2; fiber 18 g/1000 kcal; cholesterol 550 mg/day) for 5 wk. NIDDM subjects on the HICARB diet had decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) concentrations (107 vs. 82, P &amp;lt; .001), but their high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) concentrations, glucose, and body weight were unchanged. Changes in total plasma TG concentrations in NIDDM subjects were heterogeneous. Concentrations were either unchanged or had decreased in 5 and increased in 2 NIDDM subjects. Nondiabetic subjects on the HICARB diet had decreased LDL-chol (111 vs. 81, P &amp;lt; .01) and unchanged HDL-chol and plasma TG concentrations). In summary, replacing dietary saturated fat with complexcarbohydrate, independent of cholesterol intake, lowered LDL-chol without an adverse effect on HDLchol, TG, and glucose in most obese Pima Indian NIDDM subjects. Before concluding that these diets are safe in obese NIDDM subjects who are unable to restrict their calorie intake, more data are needed on lipoprotein particle flux.
Book: Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective: Drugs, Demons, and Delinquents
Authors: D Samarasinghe
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Eds Harald Klingemann, Geoffrey Hunt Sage Publications, £15.99, pp 327 ISBN 0 7619 0543 X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> The contrived subtitle, “drugs, demons, and delinquents,” might lead one to suspect that this book is a superficial and clichéd analysis of the subject and best avoided. Most books that set out to cover treatment of drug dependence, even those without melodramatic titles, are probably best avoided—other than by those preparing for examinations. This book, however, is a careful analysis of the subject that reveals the remarkable similarities in the dilemmas recognised, and alleged solutions offered, by different countries. A “global” review such as this offers the opportunity to analyse what really constitutes … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
THE ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF RHINOLITHS, WITH THE REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: W. SCHEPPEGRELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Frances L., age 13 years, was brought to me by her mother, September, 1894, on account of a catarrhal discharge from the right nostril. She gave the following history: About three years ago, without any cause which she could recall, the right nostril commenced to discharge as if from a continued cold. Soon afterward she became subject to headaches and felt as if she could not breathe, and could sleep only with her mouth open. A physician was called in, who took her temperature and, finding an elevation, pronounced it "malarial fever." She was given quinin and other remedies for malaria without success, there being always an elevation of temperature, varying from 99 to 101 degrees. Her breath was offensive and her appetite poor. After having tried antimalarial remedies and other treatments by several physicians, without any apparent improvement, the mother was advised by a friend to have the child
12/15-Lipoxygenase deficiency reduces densities of mesenchymal stem cells in the dermis of wounded and unwounded skin
Authors: S. Hong, B.V. Alapure, Y. Lu, H. Tian, Q. Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote skin healing. 12/15‐Lipoxgenase (LOX) is crucial in producing specific lipid mediators in wounded skin. The consequences of 12/15‐LOX deficiency in MSC densities in skin are unknown. To determine the effect of 12/15‐LOX deficiency in MSC densities in wounded and unwounded dermis. Full‐thickness skin incisional wounds were made to 12/15‐LOX‐deficient (12/15‐LOX−/−) and wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Wounded skin was collected at 3, 8, or 14 days postwounding (dpw). MSCs were analysed in skin sections using histology. 12S‐ or 15S‐hydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) was analysed using a reversed‐phase Chiral liquid chromatography–ultraviolet–tandem mass spectrometer. There were more stem cell antigen (Sca)1+CD29+ MSCs (cells/field) at 3, 8, and 14 dpw, more Sca1+CD106+ MSCs at 3 and 14 dpw in the wounded dermis, more MSCs in unwounded dermis of WT mice compared with 12/15‐LOX−/− mice, and more MSCs in the wounded dermis than in the unwounded dermis. For 12/15‐LOX−/− dermis, Sca1+CD106+ MSCs peaked and Sca1+CD29+ MSCs reached a flat level at 8 dpw. However, for the WT dermis, MSCs increased from 8 to 14 dpw. There were more Sca1+CD106+ MSCs than Sca1+CD29+ MSCs in the 12/15‐LOX−/− wounded dermis at 8 dpw. However, there were more Sca1+CD29+ MSCs in the 12/15‐LOX−/− than Sca1+CD106+ MSCs in the WT wounded dermis at 3 dpw, and Sca1+CD106+ MSCs and Sca1+CD29+ MSCs were at comparable levels in other conditions. 12/15‐LOX deficiency suppressed levels of 12/15‐LOX protein and their products, 12S‐HETE and 15S‐HETE, in wounds. 12/15‐LOX deficiency reduces MSC densities in the dermis, which correlates with the suppressed 12/15‐LOX pathways in wounded and unwounded skin.
ERYTHROCYTE METABOLISM. VI. SEPARATION OF ERYTHROCYTE ENZYMES FROM HEMOGLOBIN*
Authors: M. A. Hennessey, A. M. Waltersdorph, F. M. Huennekens, Beverly W. Gabrio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Studies of individual enzymes and metabolic pathways in the erythrocyte are hampered by the fact that in lysates, or even in partially purified systems, hemoglobin is present in overwhelming amounts compared to the various enzymic proteins.Although carbonic anhydrase (2), pepti- dase (3, 4), methemoglobin reductase (5), eryth- rocuprein (6), nucleoside phosphorylase (7-9), adenosine triphosphatase (10), and glutathione reductase (11) have been isolated from hemolysates, some special characteristic of the protein in each instance has made it possible to remove hemo- globin in a single operation.The present paper describes a method which can be used for the separation of many erythrocyte enzymes from hemoglobin by treatment of the he- molysate at pH 7.0 with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose; under these conditions, pro- teins having an isoelectric point below 7.0 are adsorbed onto DEAE, while hemoglobin, having an isoelectric point near neutrality, is not adsorbed.DEAE cellulose has been used widely for the fractionation of proteins (12-15), and as applied specifically to red cell enzymes, Kirkman (16) has utilized this exchanger in the purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.The hemoglobin-free, protein fraction, called hereafter "enzyme protein fraction," serves as a useful starting material for the further purification of many erythrocyte enzymes and, furthermore, can be used with proper supplements for studying metabolic sequences and regulatory mechanisms.
STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF SPIROCHETES
Authors: Edward D. DeLamater, Richter H. Wiggall, Merle Haanes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

A series of observations with the phase contrast microscope on the occurrence of a complex life cycle in the pathogenic Treponema pallidum as it occurs in the syphilitic rabbit testis has been presented and it seems likely from these observations that there are two means of vegetative reproduction, consisting of (1) transverse division (the most important under usual conditions); and (2) the production of gemmae or buds which eventuate into unispirochetal cysts comparable to those described for saprophytic forms, within each of which single spirochetes develop and differentiate, and from which they subsequently emerge. In addition preliminary evidence is presented which suggests that a more complex process is involved in which multispirochetal cysts develop following aggregation of two or more organisms. Within each of these larger cysts numerous organisms develop and subsequently emerge as tangled ropes. Following emergence, they subsequently undergo transverse division and gemmae formation, and so reproduce vegetatively. Subsequent papers will elaborate upon these processes.
Gonorrhea-Like Syndrome Caused by Penicillin-Resistant Mimeae
Authors: Richard H. Svihus
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A series of patients with gonorrhea-like urethritis was studied to determine the causative organisms. Only one-third were found to be infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while nearly two-thirds were infected with organisms of the tribe Mimeae. About one-half the cases studied were penicillin-resistant and were all among the Mimeae-infected group. The findings do not support the concept of penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Penicillin-resistant urethritis resembling gonorrhea appears to be caused by infection with the Mimeae.
<i>neu</i>/erbB-2 Overexpression and Response to Hormonal Therapy in Premenopausal Women in the Adjuvant Breast Cancer Setting: Will It Play in Peoria? Part II
Authors: Kathleen I. Pritchard, Mark N. Levine, Dongsheng Tu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.038 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12560425 neu/erbB-2 Overexpression and Response to Hormonal Therapy in Premenopausal Women in the Adjuvant Breast Cancer Setting: Will It Play in Peoria? Part II Kathleen I. PritchardxKathleen I. PritchardSearch for articles by this author , Mark N. LevinexMark N. LevineSearch for articles by this author , Dongsheng TuxDongsheng TuSearch for articles by this author Show More 1Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.038 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "neu/erbB-2 Overexpression and Response to Hormonal Therapy in Premenopausal Women in the Adjuvant Breast Cancer Setting: Will It Play in Peoria? Part II." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(3), pp. 399–400© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Human Extrahepatic Cytochromes P450: Function in Xenobiotic Metabolism and Tissue-Selective Chemical Toxicity in the Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tracts
Authors: Xinxin Ding, Laurence S. Kaminsky
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2003)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in extrahepatic tissues often play a dominant role in target tissue metabolic activation of xenobiotic compounds. They may also determine drug efficacy and influence the tissue burden of foreign chemicals or bioavailability of therapeutic agents. This review focuses on xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs of the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, including the lung, trachea, nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Many CYPs are expressed in one or more of these organs, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2, CYP2S1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1. Of particular interest are the preferential expression of certain CYPs in the respiratory tract and the regional differences in CYP expression profile in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Current research activities on the characterization of CYP expression, function, and regulation in these tissues, as well as future research needs, are discussed.