tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irish children may have been given animal vaccine for whooping cough
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Irish authorities are again investigating reports related to the bungled administration of child vaccines more than 30 years ago.

The drug company involved has promised its full cooperation. It is becoming clear, however, that not only were Irish, and some British, children injected with highly toxic batches of whooping cough vaccine (Trivax), but also some Irish children were injected with an animal drug with a similar name (Tribovax T).

It seems that some health experts in the Republic Ireland and the United Kingdom were highly critical of the use of Trivax, but their concerns, and those of parents, were brushed aside. Among the experts was Gordon Stewart, emeritus professor of public health at Glasgow University, who advised the UK Department of …
Augmented Reality: A New Tool To Improve Surgical Accuracy during Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy? Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Results
Authors: Dogu Teber, Selcuk Guven, Tobias Simpfendörfer, Mathias Baumhauer, Esref Oguz Güven, Faruk Yencilek, Ali Serdar Gözen, Jens Rassweiler
Journal: European Urology (2009)
TENDENCIES IN MEDICINE.
Authors: J. M. DA COSTA
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It is expected of the President of your Association that he offer some remarks as introductory to the scientific papers that are to occupy your attention, and every presiding officer has done so, expressing himself on subjects for some time in his mind or to which he has been recently giving heed. Thus, diversified and excellent addresses have been made, some treating of medicine and its aims in a broad philosophical spirit; some reviewing its achievements; others giving most erudite and valuable historical information. In my turn I ask that you will indulge me if I present a few thoughts on what seem to me in our science the best tendencies of the day, as well as on certain causes that, with all the wonderful work being done, and with the immense energy and industry of the devoted laborers in four continents, retard its still broader and steadier development. The
His Flame Still Burns
Authors: John Pemberton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

A HUNDRED years ago Robert Wilhelm von Bunsen, a German chemist, invented the burner that preserves his name in the mind of every student of chemistry, however elementary. It is an ironical fact that the fame of so great a scientist should depend, at least among ordinary mortals, on an invention for which according to some authorities he was not in fact responsible. Whether Farady, Desdga or Bunsen was the first to devise the method of mixing air with gas to produce the hot nonluminous flame with which everyone is familiar is immaterial today, and in any event Bunsen's other . . .
Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations
Authors: Marvin S. Wool
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 November 2002Public Expectation for Annual Physical ExaminationsMarvin S. Wool, MDMarvin S. Wool, MDBoston, MA 02199Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Oboler and colleagues (1) report that patients, shielded from the actual costs, tend to demand periodic physical examinations and testing deemed inappropriate by health professionals. More important, however, they find that many patients would forgo those services if faced with the actual out-of-pocket costs. Unmentioned is the failure of physicians, individually and organizationally, to discourage demand for inappropriate preventive services. This is particularly ironic since elsewhere in the same issue of Annals, Stone and coworkers (2) comprehensively detail strategies to encourage use of appropriate periodic preventive testing. Individually, physicians paid by current health insurance plans, whether fee-for-service, ...References1. Oboler SK, Prochazka AV, Gonzales R, Xu S, Anderson RJ. Public expectations and attitudes for annual physical examinations and testing. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:652-9. [PMID: 11992300] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Stone EG, Morton SC, Hulscher ME, Maglione MA, Roth EA, Grimshaw JM, et al . Interventions that increase use of adult immunization and cancer screening services: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:641-51. [PMID: 11992299] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marvin S. Wool, MDAffiliations: Boston, MA 02199 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInterventions That Increase Use of Adult Immunization and Cancer Screening Services Erin G. Stone , Sally C. Morton , Marlies E. Hulscher , Margaret A. Maglione , Elizabeth A. Roth , Jeremy M. Grimshaw , Brian S. Mittman , Lisa V. Rubenstein , Laurence Z. Rubenstein , and Paul G. Shekelle Public Expectations and Attitudes for Annual Physical Examinations and Testing Sylvia K. Oboler , Allan V. Prochazka , Ralph Gonzales , Stanley Xu , and Robert J. Anderson Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Caroline Poplin Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Kei Mukohara Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Sylvia K. Oboler , Allan V. Prochazka , and Robert J. Anderson Metrics Cited byUse of Tactile Contact Accompanying Health Promotion Messages During Routine Health & Physical Examinations: A Technique for Improving ComplianceCancer screening and the periodic health examination 5 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 9Page: 773KeywordsBehaviorBehavioral economicsDiagnostic radiologyDrugsHealth economicsHealth insuranceMedicareMotivationPreventive medicineThorax ePublished: 5 November 2002 Issue Published: 5 November 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Testimonial to Sir Joseph Lister.
Authors: J. Frederick W. Silk
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Sir Joseph Lister having recently retired from active hospital and teaching work, the occasion has been thought appropriate for presenting him with a testimonial of the esteem in which he is held by his former colleagues and pupils, and committees have, therefore, been formed in Glasgow, Edinburgh and London for the purpose of raising the necessary funds. It is proposed that the testimonial shall take the form of a portrait. Subscriptions have been limited to two guineas, and it is hoped that sufficient funds will be collected to permit of some memento of the occasion being presented to each subscriber of that amount. As there are probably many surgeons in the United States who may wish to join in the movement, but whose names and exact address it has been difficult to ascertain,I should be glad if you would permit me to state that subscriptions may be
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE TREATMENT FOR DEAFNESS DUE TO CHRONIC CATARRHAL OTITIS MEDIA.
Authors: PHILIP D. KERRISON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In responding to your committee's invitation to prepare a paper on this particular subject, my first impulse was to decline the task as presenting too many difficulties. The subject is manifestly too broad to be adequately outlined in a single paper. I hope, however, that my paper may serve the purpose of inducing a larger and more useful discussion by others. Chronic catarrhal otitis media is an elastic term, rather indefinitely applied to a variety of tympanic conditions, which are, perhaps, best considered under the following headings: 1. Chronic tubal catarrh, without marked tympanic changes other than those due to retraction of the membrana tympani. 2. Chronic hypertrophic otitis media. 3. Chronic hyperplastic otitis media; dry middle ear catarrh; otosclerosis. Obviously no classification is of practical value which divides these cases into groups which can not be recognized clinically. The differential diagnosis is not easily reduced to any system
The Influence of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Dihydrotestosterone Levels in the Prostatic Tissue of Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tsutomu Nishiyama, Yutaka Hashimoto, Kota Takahashi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The influence of androgen deprivation therapy on dihydrotestosterone levels in the prostatic tissue is not clearly known. Changes in dihydrotestosterone levels in the prostatic tissue during androgen deprivation therapy in the same patients have not been reported. We analyzed dihydrotestosterone levels in prostatic tissue before and after androgen deprivation therapy. Experimental Design: A total of 103 patients who were suspected of having prostate cancer underwent prostatic biopsy. Sixty-nine patients were diagnosed as having prostate cancer whereas the remaining 34 were negative. Serum samples were collected before biopsy or prostatectomy. Dihydrotestosterone levels in prostatic tissue and serum were analyzed using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry after polar derivatization. In 30 of the patients with prostate cancer, dihydrotestosterone levels in prostatic tissue were determined by performing rebiopsy or with prostate tissues excised after 6 months on androgen deprivation therapy with castration and flutamide. Results: Dihydrotestosterone levels in prostate tissue after androgen deprivation therapy remained at ∼25% of the amount measured before androgen deprivation therapy. Dihydrotestosterone levels in serum decreased to ∼7.5% after androgen deprivation therapy. The level of dihydrotestosterone in prostatic tissue before androgen deprivation therapy was not correlated with the serum level of testosterone. Serum levels of adrenal androgens were reduced to ∼60% after androgen deprivation therapy. Conclusions: The source of dihydrotestosterone in prostatic tissue after androgen deprivation therapy involves intracrine production within the prostate, converting adrenal androgens to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone still remaining in prostate tissue after androgen deprivation therapy may require new therapies such as treatment with a combination of 5α-reductase inhibitors and antiandrogens, as well as castration.
Screening for bowel cancer halves numbers of emergency admissions and deaths
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Screening for colorectal cancer halves the number of emergency admissions to hospital and postoperative mortality associated with the condition, the five year results from a pilot study in England show.

The pilot tested the feasibility of using faecal occult blood testing by post every two years to screen for bowel cancer in people aged 50-69 years. One of its aims was to determine the effects on the emergency and elective cancer workload at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, the largest trust in Coventry and north Warwickshire, one of the two regions used in the pilot.

The study compared validated data on …
Budd-Chiari syndrome with multiple large regenerative nodules
Authors: Haeryoung Kim, Ji Hae Nahm, Young Nyun Park
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Budd-Chiari syndrome is defined as hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction regardless of the level of the obstruction (anywhere between the small hepatic veins to the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium) or the cause of obstruction.1 It is frequently associated with hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites and hepatic dysfunction, and patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome often demonstrate one or more risk factors, including an underlying hypercoagulable state, vascular injury and stasis, venous obstruction by neoplasm or cirrhosis, amebic abscess, sarcoidosis etc. Hypercoagulable states include oral contraceptive use, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, myeloproliferative diseases, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene G20210A mutation, and deficiencies of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III.

marked congestion and fibrosis are the common features of this condition, the histopathological features of Budd-Chiari syndrome are actually very heterogeneous depending on the type of vascular occlusion present, its severity and the duration.2 Obstruction of all three hepatic veins may initially present with fulminant hepatic failure, while involvement of one or two hepatic veins may be associated with only hepatomegaly and mild or transient liver test abnormalities. Portal vein obstruction is commonly seen in severe cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome.2,3 A case of Budd-Chiari syndrome with multiple large regenerative nodules is described, and the histopathological features discussed.
Causes and Treatment of Residual Urine Volume after Orthotopic Bladder Replacement in Women
Authors: L. Jarol&iacute;m, M. Babjuk, S.M. Pecher, M. Grim, O. Na&ncaron;ka, M. Tich&yacute;, T. Hanu&scaron;, M. Jansk&yacute;
Journal: European Urology (2000)
S65 Large and small airway epithelial cell senescence present in COPD and bronchiectasis?
Authors: J Birch, G Johnson, K Jiwa, R Anderson, C Ward, JJ Taylor, PA Corris, JF Passos, AJ Fisher, A De Soyza
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Accelerated lung ageing has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and therefore targeting cellular senescence may have therapeutic benefit. COPD is increasingly felt to have significant sub-phenotypes with large and small airway involvement. The airway epithelium likely endures the majority of potentially senescence-inducing insults. However, data on airway epithelial cell (AEC) senescence in COPD is limited and comparisons between large and small airways are lacking. Furthermore, the role of infection in COPD-associated senescence is unclear. To date, senescence in bronchiectasis has not been investigated as a model for infection-induced senescence. We sought to determine AEC expression of senescence-associated markers in COPD and bronchiectasis and to compare large and small airways. <h3>Methods</h3> Lung explant tissue from our transplant programme from COPD (n = 19) and bronchiectasis (n = 14) with resection tissue from smokers without lung disease (control) (n = 11) was stained for senescence-associated markers by immunohistochemistry. Staining was quantified semi-quantitatively. Fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridisation (FISH) was used to investigate telomere length and possible co-localisation with DNA damage-associated proteins. <h3>Results</h3> In large AECs, expression of the proliferation marker ki67 and the anti-ageing protein sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was decreased in COPD as compared to bronchiectasis and controls. There was no difference in expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p16 and the DNA damage associated foci ?H2AX between the three groups. In small AECs, SIRT1 was decreased in COPD compared to controls and p16 and ?H2AX were increased. Here, ki67 expression did not differ between groups. In bronchiectasis, there was no significant change in senescence marker expression compared to controls, with the exception of decreased SIRT1 in large AECs. Marker expression was not significantly correlated with FEV<sub>1</sub> or smoking history. Preliminary work suggests potential co-localisation of ?H2AX at telomeres with ongoing analysis underway. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Differential expression of senescence-associated markers between large and small airways in COPD may reflect the distinct patterns of inflammation and functional impairment occurring in the two airway compartments. There is some evidence suggesting a role for senescence in bronchiectasis, though this is less clear than for COPD. Further markers need to be investigated.
Tc-99m HMPAO Scintigraphy in Amiodarone-Induced Acute Lung Toxicity
Authors: Gamze Kapa Kaya, O Ozdogan, S Guneri, B Tamc, H Durak
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

This case demonstrates the use of Tc-99m HMPAO scintigraphy in amiodarone (AD)-induced lung toxicity. The aim of this presentation is also to discuss different scintigraphic modalities in the diagnosis and follow up in AD-induced lung toxicity.A 77-year-old man, with a suspicious AD-induced acute lung toxicity, underwent Tc-99m DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy and Tc-99m HMPAO scintigraphy.Rapid alveolar clearance of Tc-99m DTPA was found during AD therapy and increased lung uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO was also demonstrated. These findings supported the diagnosis AD lung toxicity. After cessation of therapy, Tc-99m DTPA alveolar clearance was decreased. Although there was some decrease in L/H and L/B ratios of Tc-99m HMPAO after 3 weeks of stopping therapy, Tc-99m HMPAO uptake in the lungs was still continued. This finding may be the result of ongoing pulmonary inflammation as a result of the long half-life of AD.Compared with Tc-99m DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy, Tc-99m HMPAO scintigraphy may have a role in the diagnosis of AD lung toxicity. Nevertheless, there is a need for longitudinal studies investigating patients under AD therapy using follow-up Tc-9m HMPAO scintigraphy.
Obama's plan to include contraception in healthcare provision provokes religious opposition
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A religious war of words over contraception has broken out in the United States. The flashpoint has been the Obama administration’s decision to include contraception as an essential component of preventive health services for women that must be included in every health insurance plan.

The US Conference of Catholic Bishops has led the charge in calling this an attack on religion, saying that life begins at the moment of conception. They want a “conscience provision” that provides an exemption.

One key goal of health reform legislation passed by Congress in 2010 was to strengthen prevention, both as its own good and with the hope of reining in the long term costs of healthcare. It wrote into the law a provision that all health insurance must offer a basic package …
Regulation of bile acid synthesis in man. Presence of a diurnal rhythm.
Authors: W C Duane, D G Levitt, S M Mueller, J C Behrens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Regulation of bile acid synthesis in man is incompletely understood, in part because of difficulty in making measurements over short time periods when the enterohepatic circulation is intact. We investigated the possibility of a diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis in three human subjects given [26-14C]cholesterol. When this isotope of cholesterol, which is randomly labeled in the 26 and 27 positions, is converted to bile acid, the 14C is released as propionic acid randomly labeled in the 1 and 3 positions. The labeled propionic acid is then oxidized to 14CO2, output of which is a function of bile acid synthesis. However, delays in transit of the 14C through propionic acid and CO2-HCO-3 pools would shift the phase and dampen the amplitude of 14CO2 output relative to an existing diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis. Therefore, using constant infusion methods, we determined the turnover constants for conversion to 14CO2 of [1-14C]propionic acid and [3-14C]propionic acid to be 0.36-0.59 h-1 and 0.14-0.16 h-1, respectively. Using these constants and modeling the diurnal rhythm as a cosine function, we determined that amplitude of 14CO2 output from [26-14C]cholesterol was reduced 35% and acrophase was delayed 2.4-3.0 h relative to the diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis. None of the diurnal rhythm in 14CO2 output from [26-14C]cholesterol resulted from diurnal variation in propionic acid or CO2-HCO-3 metabolism since constant infusion of [1-14C]propionic acid and [3-14C]propionic acid for 30 h revealed no diurnal variation in output of 14CO2. These studies demonstrate for the first time that humans with an intact enterohepatic circulation have a diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis with an amplitude of +/- 35-55% around mean synthesis, and an acrophase at about 9 a.m.
David Smith Anderson
Authors: Ann S Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former general practitioner Glasgow (b 1917; q Glasgow 1948; BSc), d 22 November 2004.

David's medical studies were interrupted by war service in India. After house jobs, in 1949 he entered general practice on the south side of Glasgow, where he remained till ill health forced him to retire aged 71. He was a keen hockey player and had many hobbies, including fishing, painting, wood-work, and pottery. Predeceased by his wife, Ella, he leaves two children and five grandchildren.
Volumes to Learn: Advancing Therapeutics with Innovative Computed Tomography Image Data Analysis
Authors: Michael L. Maitland
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Semi-automated methods for calculating tumor volumes from computed tomography images are a new tool for advancing the development of cancer therapeutics. Volumetric measurements, relying on already widely available standard clinical imaging techniques, could shorten the observation intervals needed to identify cohorts of patients sensitive or resistant to treatment.
Jun Proteins Are Starvation-Regulated Inhibitors of Autophagy
Authors: Orli Yogev, Rachel Goldberg, Shira Anzi, Ohad Yogev, Eitan Shaulian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The growing number of biological functions affected by autophagy ascribes a special significance to identification of factors regulating it. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors are involved in most aspects of cellular proliferation, death, or survival, yet no information regarding their involvement in autophagy is available. Here, we show that the AP-1 proteins JunB and c-Jun, but not JunD, c-Fos, or Fra-1, inhibit autophagy. JunB inhibits autophagy induced by starvation, overexpression of a short form of ARF (smARF), a potent inducer of autophagy, or even after rapamycin treatment. In agreement, acute repression of JunB expression, by JunB knockdown, potently induces autophagy. As expected from autophagy-inhibiting proteins, Jun B and c-Jun expression is reduced by starvation. Decrease in JunB mRNA expression and posttranscriptional events downregulate JunB protein expression after starvation. The inhibition of autophagy by JunB is not mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulation, as it occurs also in the absence of mTOR activity, and autophagy induced by JunB knockdown is not correlated with changes in mTOR activity. Nevertheless, the transcriptional activities of c-Jun and JunB are required for autophagy inhibition, and JunB incapable of heterodimerizing is a less effective inhibitor of autophagy. Most importantly, inhibition of autophagy in starved HeLa cells by JunB enhances apoptotic cell death. We suggest that JunB and c-Jun are regulators of autophagy whose expression responds to autophagy-inducing signals. Cancer Res; 70(6); 2318–27
Chronic Complex Diseases of Childhood: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Myles B. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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