tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel therapeutic option in pemphigus vulgaris: humanized monoclonal anti-CD25 antibody
Authors: A. Renkl, M. Mockenhaupt, K. Technau, Y. Herouy, J. Norgauer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article A novel therapeutic option in pemphigus vulgaris: humanized monoclonal anti‐CD25 antibody Get access A. Renkl, A. Renkl Department of Dermatology, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, Hauptstr. 7, University of Freiburg, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mockenhaupt, M. Mockenhaupt Department of Dermatology, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, Hauptstr. 7, University of Freiburg, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Technau, K. Technau Department of Dermatology, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, Hauptstr. 7, University of Freiburg, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Herouy, Y. Herouy Department of Dermatology, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, Hauptstr. 7, University of Freiburg, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Norgauer J. Norgauer Department of Dermatology, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, Hauptstr. 7, University of Freiburg, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany J.Norgauer, MD. E‐mail: norgauer@gmx.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 6, 1 June 2004, Pages 1220–1222, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05977.x Published: 01 June 2004
Phase I Trial of Sorafenib and Gemcitabine in Advanced Solid Tumors with an Expanded Cohort in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lillian L. Siu, Ahmad Awada, Chris H. Takimoto, Martine Piccart, Brian Schwartz, Tom Giannaris, Chetan Lathia, Oana Petrenciuc, Malcolm J. Moore
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Background: With its potent inhibitory effects against Raf-1 kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, sorafenib is a novel oral anticancer agent targeting signal transduction and angiogenic pathways. This study is designed to combine sorafenib and gemcitabine due to their compatibility in preclinical models and nonoverlapping clinical toxicities. Experimental Design: An initial dose-escalation part of the study enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors, followed by an expanded cohort at the recommended dose for patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Sorafenib is administered continuously, whereas gemcitabine is given at 1,000 mg/m2 weekly × 7 followed by 1 rest week, then weekly × 3 every 4 weeks. Results: Forty-two patients have been enrolled overall, including 19 in the dose-escalation part and 23 in the extended pancreatic cancer cohort. Demographics were as follows: male-to-female ratio = 26:16; median age = 61 years (range 39-83 years); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0:1:2 ratio = 16:21:5. The recommended dose of this combination is sorafenib 400 mg twice daily and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 adverse events of all causalities were thrombocytopenia (28.6%), lymphopenia (21.4%), lipase elevation (19%), neutropenia (16.7%), and fatigue (14.3%). Antitumor activity was observed in both groups, with 2 (10.5%) confirmed partial responses in ovarian cancer and 12 patients (63.2%) with disease stabilization in the dose-escalation part; 13 patients (56.5%) achieved disease stabilization in the pancreatic cohort. There was no consistent pharmacokinetic drug-to-drug interaction between sorafenib and gemcitabine. Conclusions: Sorafenib and gemcitabine are well tolerated in combination; further evaluations in pancreatic and ovarian cancers are warranted.
Modulation of Adenoviral Transduction In Vitro and In Vivo by Hyaluronan and its Receptor CD44
Authors: Saumya R Chaudhuri, Joshua N Mallam, Patricia Chévez-Barrios, Lalita Wadhwa, Philip Ng, Mary Y Hurwitz, Richard L Hurwitz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Adenovirus infection is a significant cause of ocular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal illness and can spread rapidly. Morbidity is considerable in immune-suppressed individuals and there is significant mortality. There are no effective therapies. During preclinical studies of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy for ocular disorders, we noticed a significant increase in transduction when the target cells were exposed to adenovirus in the presence of ocular vitreous. The vitreous is mainly comprised of water, collagen, and the large polysaccharide hyaluronan. In this paper, we report data that implicate hyaluronan in the adenoviral infectious process and show that interference with the interaction between hyaluronan and its cellular receptor CD44 can block adenovirus transduction in vitro and in vivo.
Comparison of combined and single-agent chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of favourable histological type.
Authors: T A Lister, M H Cullen, M E Beard, R L Brearley, J M Whitehouse, P F Wrigley, A G Stansfeld, S B Sutcliffe, J S Malpas, D Crowther
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Sixty-six untreated patients with advanced non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma of favourable histological type were allocated alternately to initial treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone or with chlorambucil. The complete remission rate was higher in the group receiving combination chemotherapy, but the overall response rate was the same for both groups. The mean duration of complete remission was the same as that of good partial remission, and was the same for both treatments. The duration of remission was influenced by histological type and extent of disease at presentation, but not age. Those who responded to the initial treatment (whether with complete or with good partial remission) survived significantly longer than did non-responders. It is concluded that neither treatment is satisfactory and that new treatment programmes are needed for patients with a favourable prognosis, especially young patients with extensive disease.
Accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells in the elderly induces the generation of granzyme-B+ CD8+ T cells with potential antitumor activity
Authors: Catalina Lee-Chang, Monica Bodogai, Kanako Moritoh, Purevdorj B. Olkhanud, Andrew C. Chan, Michael Croft, Julie A. Mattison, Peter Johannes Holst, Ronald E. Gress, Luigi Ferrucci, Fran Hakim, Arya Biragyn
Journal: Blood (2014)
The inverted colour space of vampires
Authors: Karel Kranda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Palmer's attempt to dust off Locke's construct of “inverted spectrum” is discussed here to examine its plausibility. Perceptual inversion could be fulfilled by adopting the notion of “inverted trichromacy” rather than by the proposed existence of “red-green reversed trichromats.” Although the former alternative conforms to a hypothetical world of vampires, it fails to conform to the realities of genetics and neuroscience.
Serendipity and Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: MICHAEL G. VELCHIK, KEVIN McCARTHY, P TODD MAKLER, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 59-year-old man was admitted with low back pain. Radiographs of the lumbosacral spine revealed compression fractures at L1 and L2. A myelogram showed a partial block at the same level. A bone scan demonstrated abnormal focal areas of increased uptake in the region of T12, L1, and L2 and nonvisualization of the left kidney. Therefore, a renal scan was obtained and revealed an abnormal focus of radionuclide accumulation during the angiographic phase of the study, suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with absent perfusion and function of the left kidney. The arteriogram confirmed the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with nonopacification of the left renal artery and left kidney. Subsequently, the patient was found to be in shock and was rushed to the operating room. At surgery, the aortic aneurysm was found to have ruptured, necessitating resection and graft placement. His postoperative course was complicated by systemic candidiasis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), adult respiratory distress coagulation (ARDS), and renal failure. He eventually died due to renal failure caused by diffuse bilateral renal infarcts secondary to aortic thrombosis. Although the outcome of this case is undesirable, it illustrates the capability of bone scintigraphy in serendipitously detecting urologic pathology.
Comparison of Three Colon Cleansing Methods: Evaluation of A Randomized Clinical Trial with 300 Ambulatory Patients
Authors: P. J. Hangartner, R. Münch, J. Meier, R. Ammann, H. Bühler
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

In a prospective randomized clinical trial, three colon cleansing methods for colonoscopy were compared with regard to a) side effects, b) patient acceptance, c) residual liquid and stool during colonoscopy, and d) quality of the examination. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups for colon preparation: Group 1 (n = 100) 4 liters of Golytely, group 2 (n = 102) 2 liters of Golytely combined with Cascara-Salax, and group 3 (n = 98) X-Prep (a Senna preparation) combined with an enema. X-Prep (group 3) caused significantly more abdominal cramps than 4 liters of Golytely (group 1) or 2 liters of Golytely with Cascara-Salax (group 2) (p less than 0.001). Vomiting was most frequent in group 1 (p less than 0.05 vs. group 3). The patients therefore preferred X-Prep to 4 liters of Golytely (p less than 0.01). The cleanest colon was obtained with 4 liters of Golytely, while 2 liters of Golytely with Cascara-Salax was least efficacious. The quality of the examination was equal in groups 1 and 3, and clearly better than in group 2 (p less than 0.01). We thus conclude that while 4 liters of Golytely and X-Prep plus enema have equivalent cleansing efficacy for colonoscopy, patients judged X-Prep to be less unpleasant.
Urine Free Cortisol in the High-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test for the Differential Diagnosis of the Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Mary R. Flack, Edward H. Oldfield, Gordon B. Cutler, Mark H. Zweig, James D. Malley, George P. Chrousos, D. Lynn Loriaux, Lynnette K. Nieman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To develop criteria for interpreting the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test using urine free Cortisol as an end point for the differential diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Inpatient research ward. Patients: Patients (118) with surgically confirmed causes of the Cushing syndrome: 94 with pituitary disease, 14 with primary adrenal disease, and 10 with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Main Outcome Measures: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were determined for the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test using urine free Cortisol and using 17-hydroxysteroid excretion. For each analysis, patients with pituitary disease were considered to be "diseased" and patients with nonpituitary disease were considered to be "non-diseased". The level of suppression that gave 100% specificity was determined for each steroid. Results: The accuracy of urine free Cortisol when used as an end point in the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was equivalent to that of 17-hydroxysteroid excretion. At all levels of sensitivity and specificity, however, the degree of suppression of urine free Cortisol used for the diagnosis of pituitary disease was greater than that of 17-hydroxysteroid excretion. The likelihood ratios for pituitary disease based on urine free Cortisol suppression of > 50%, of > 80%, and of > 90% were 4.2,10.1, and "infinite," respectively. Suppression of urine free Cortisol greater than 90% or suppression of 17-hydroxysteroid excretion greater than 64% was associated with 100% specificity. When these criteria were combined, the percentage of correct predictions (102 of 118 [86%; 95% Cl, 78% to 92%]) was higher than that obtained using either steroid alone (89 of 118 [75%; Cl, 65% to 83%]) (P = 0.009) and higher than that obtained using the traditional criterion of 50% suppression for 17-hydroxysteroid excretion (95 of 118 [80%; Cl, 71% to 87%]) (P = 0.016). Conclusions: In the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the degree of suppression of urine free Cortisol used for the diagnosis of pituitary disease is greater than that traditionally used for 17-hydroxysteroid excretion. The diagnostic performance of the test is improved by measuring both urine free Cortisol and 17-hydroxysteroid excretion and by requiring greater suppression of both steroids.
Induction of Skin Tanning by Subcutaneous Administration of a Potent Synthetic Melanotropin
Authors: Norman Levine
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the efficacy of short-term administration of a synthetic analogue of α-melanotropin, [<i>N</i>le<sup>4</sup>D-Phe<sup>7</sup>] (NDP)—α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), in darkening (tanning) human skin. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Clinical research unit of a university medical center. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Twenty-eight healthy white men with a history of either poor tanning (skin type I or II) or good tanning (skin type III or IV) recruited from advertisements and paid to participate in the study. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Each subject received 10 subcutaneous injections of either a purified NDP preparation or saline over 12 days. They were followed up for 7 weeks after therapy was completed. All subjects used a high-potency sunscreen during the the trial. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Skin darkening was quantified by serial chromaticity measurements prior to, during, and after therapy. <h3>Results.</h3> —A significant parabolic curve of skin darkening activity was noted in subjects with skin type I or II (<i>P</i>,.001) and with skin type III or IV (<i>P</i>&lt;&lt;.001) who were given NDP. No darkening occurred in the subjects who were given a placebo. Peak changes were seen 1 to 3 weeks after therapy was completed. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Human skin darkens as a response to a synthetic melanotropin given by subcutaneous injection. Skin tanning appears possible without potentially harmful exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2730-2736)
Balancing the Benefits and Risks of 2 Doses of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: John W. Eikelboom, Stuart J. Connolly, Robert G. Hart, Lars Wallentin, Paul Reilly, Jonas Oldgren, Sean Yang, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Critical Role of Endothelial Notch1 Signaling in Postnatal Angiogenesis
Authors: Kyosuke Takeshita, Minoru Satoh, Masaaki Ii, Marcy Silver, Florian P. Limbourg, Yasushi Mukai, Yoshiyuki Rikitake, Freddy Radtke, Thomas Gridley, Douglas W. Losordo, James K. Liao
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Notch receptors are important mediators of cell fate during embryogenesis, but their role in adult physiology, particularly in postnatal angiogenesis, remains unknown. Of the Notch receptors, only Notch1 and Notch4 are expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Here we show that blood flow recovery and postnatal neovascularization in response to hindlimb ischemia in haploinsufficient global or endothelial-specific Notch1(+/-) mice, but not Notch4(-/-) mice, were impaired compared with wild-type mice. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to ischemia was comparable between wild-type and Notch mutant mice, suggesting that Notch1 is downstream of VEGF signaling. Treatment of endothelial cells with VEGF increases presenilin proteolytic processing, gamma-secretase activity, Notch1 cleavage, and Hes-1 (hairy enhancer of split homolog-1) expression, all of which were blocked by treating endothelial cells with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase Akt or infecting endothelial cells with a dominant-negative Akt mutant. Indeed, inhibition of gamma-secretase activity leads to decreased angiogenesis and inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Overexpression of the active Notch1 intercellular domain rescued the inhibitory effects of gamma-secretase inhibitors on VEGF-induced angiogenesis. These findings indicate that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway mediates gamma-secretase and Notch1 activation by VEGF and that Notch1 is critical for VEGF-induced postnatal angiogenesis. These results suggest that Notch1 may be a novel therapeutic target for improving angiogenic response and blood flow recovery in ischemic limbs.
Exposure of healthcare workers in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland to bloodborne viruses between July 1997 and June 2000: analysis of surveillance data
Authors: B. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2001)

on behalf of the Occupational Exposure Surveillance Advisory GroupThe transmission of bloodborne viruses to healthcare workers can have serious consequences not only for clinical practice but also, because of the requirements of health and safety legislation, for their employers. 1In spite of guidance and education, 2 however, many healthcare workers continue to be exposed to bloodborne viruses from percutaneous, mucocutaneous, or other injuries.An enhanced system of surveillance of occupational exposure to bloodborne viruses was introduced in mid-1997, developing the passive system that was set up after the first reported case (in 1984) in the United Kingdom of HIV seroconversion associated with needlestick injury. 3
A Model of Empathic Communication in the Medical Interview
Authors: Anthony L. Suchman, Kathryn Markakis, Howard B. Beckman, Richard Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To formulate an empirically derived model of empathic communication in medical interviews by describing the specific behaviors and patterns of interaction associated with verbal expressions of emotion. <h3>Design.</h3> —A descriptive, qualitative study of verbal exchanges using 11 transcripts and 12 videotapes of primary care office visits to a total of 21 physicians. <h3>Setting.</h3> —An urban health maintenence organization (HMO), an urban university-based general medicine clinic, and an urban community hospital general medicine clinic. <h3>Analytic Method.</h3> —Individual review of transcripts by each research team member to identify instances of expressed or implied emotional themes and to observe the physicians' responses. Individual ratings were compared in group discussions to achieve consensus about the classifications. Similar consensus-based classification was used for review of videotapes. <h3>Results.</h3> —We observed that patients seldom verbalize their emotions directly and spontaneously, tending to offer clues instead. If invited to elaborate, patients may then express the emotional concern directly, and the physician may respond with an accurate and explicit acknowledgment. In most of the interviews, the physicians allowed both clues and direct expressions of affect to pass without acknowledgment, returning instead to the preceding topic, usually the diagnostic exploration of symptoms. With emotional expression so terminated, some patients attempted to raise the topic again, sometimes repeatedly and with escalating intensity. We noted a parallel dynamic for encounters in which patients sought praise. We summarized the full interactional sequence in a simple descriptive model. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —This empirically derived model of empathic communication has practical implications for clinicians and students who want to improve their communication and relationship skills. Based on our observations, the basic empathic skills seem to be recognizing when emotions may be present but not directly expressed, inviting exploration of these unexpressed feelings, and effectively acknowledging these feelings so the patient feels understood. The frequent lack of acknowledgment by physicians of both direct and indirect expressions of affect poses a threat to the patientphysician relationship and warrants further study.
Antagonist: Should we eradicate Helicobacter pylori before long term antireflux therapy?
Authors: J W Freston
Journal: Gut (2001)

Patient management recommendations that might become health care policy should be based on the highest level of evidence. The evidence supporting the recommendation to “test and treat” for Helicobacter pylori infection before starting long term antireflux treatment falls well short of this standard. This recommendation arose directly from the report by Kuipers and colleagues1 in 1996 that the prevalence of corpus glandular atrophy increased during chronic omeprazole treatment in patients infected with H pylori . We were pleased to have another reason to eradicate H pylori ; the prevailing wisdom was that no H pylori should go unpunished. This aggressive approach has been challenged, particularly in the case of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Approximately 42% of adults in the USA suffer from GORD.2 Nearly 7% experience heartburn on a daily basis,3 making them potential candidates for proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and, therefore, testing for H pylori infection. Apart from the obvious economic and antimicrobial resistance implications, growing evidence indicates that H pylori infection protects against the complications of …
Can the clinical course of acute otitis media be modified by systemic decongestant or antihistamine treatment?
Authors: D J Bain
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The eight Dutch university hospitals in the Netherlands have joined forces to create a national research infrastructure for translational research. Initially eight national patient cohorts (the “pearls” are created, with DNA and other biomaterials stored in a biobank and clinical data available in one central database. In the future, activities will be expanded to include additional patient cohorts. Since 2007, on a national level, specialists agreed on phenotypes to include, minimal datasets and use of standardised procedures to collect high-quality data in the setting of routine clinical care. Legal and ethical procedures were put down, sample processing and biobanking procedures were harmonised between the university laboratories, and data harmonisation models were created. This is an example of how, through collaboration, a larger scale can be obtained to allow clinical research. These clinical biobanks are expected to contribute to more rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of therapies and the development of personalised treatment strategies.
Pocket Computers in Critical Care-Reply
Authors: Joseph J. Cottrell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We agree partially with Dr Hanline. The price of true computers has decreased notably since we submitted our article. The purchase price of our system has decreased 40% in the last three years. Many computers are now available that could perform these functions for even less money.  Unfortunately, many articles written about  applications in the intensive care unit describe programs for programmable calculators. These devices, while inexpensive, do not function well in the intensive care unit. They are difficult to program and even more difficult to use. Indeed, we developed our computer project because of our unhappiness with programmable calculators.  Last, although larger, a desk-top microcomputer does have a major advantage in our environment. It cannot disappear into someone's pocket.