tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autosomal Monosomy in Man
Authors: Matti. S. Al-Aish, Felix de la Cruz, Lowell A. Goldsmith, Joseph Volpe, Gordon Mella, J. C. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

AUTOSOMAL aneuploidy in man has been known for eight years in the form of autosomal trisomy for chromosome 21.1 Another form of autosomal aneuploidy, monosomy, is usually considered to be incompatible with life. Several cases in which 1 cell line had monosomy for an autosomal chromosome (in all cases a small acrocentric chromosome) have been reported by Lejeune et al,2 Cohen3 and Thorburn and Johnson.4 The first case of complete monosomy for chromosome 21–22 in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow and cultured skin fibroblasts is described in this report.Case ReportA white girl born on November 4, 1962, . . .
Pulmonary Blood Flow Distribution in Stage 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ANDRE CAPDEROU, ANDRE AURENGO, JEAN-PHILIPPE DERENNE, THOMAS SIMILOWSKI, MARC ZELTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We investigated the hypothesis that lung blood flow distribution is modified in stage 1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared patients with stage 1 COPD (n = 11) with restrictive patients with comparable blood gases (n = 7), to patients with low cardiac index with normal lungs (n = 11) and to control subjects (n = 11). Distribution of transit time (DTT) was computed by deconvolution from first pass radioactivity curves (albumin 99mTc) reconstructed from right and left ventricular regions of interest. Distribution descriptors, mean transit time (p < 0.05), standard deviation (p < 0.001), relative dispersion (p < 0.001), and kurtosis (p < 0.001) differed between groups (ANOVA). Cardiac index was the same in COPD and low CI groups but lower compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05). After normalization for cardiac output, the DTT of patients with COPD remained different from low CI and restrictive patients (p < 0.001). Therefore changes in DTT in patients with COPD compared with patients without COPD could not be explained on the basis of difference in cardiac output. Because Po 2, Pco 2, and pH were similar in COPD and restrictive groups, difference in distribution could not be explained either on the basis of blood gas data. We conclude that changes in DTT occurs in stage 1 COPD and cannot be explained by hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or acidosis alone but must relate to other structural or regulatory responses.
New center explores links between nutrition, aging
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Research will begin soon in a new 15-story Boston building that houses—according to Tufts University—"the first center in the world to specifically address the link between nutrition and aging." This is the fifth nutrition study center created by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), but the first to examine how diet alone or in combination with other factors might delay or prevent some aging-associated degenerative processes. It also is the USDA's first partnership in such a center with a private university. The other centers, which are studying such things as nutrient requirements during pregnancy and early life, trace metal requirements, and patterns of food consumption in the United States, are located in Beltsville, Md; Grand Forks, ND; Houston; and San Francisco. Congress designated the USDA as the "lead" federal agency for human nutrition research almost 20 years ago. Hamish N. Munro, MB, DSc, professor of nutrition and of medicine at
Changes in Serum Uric Acid and Cholesterol Levels in Men Undergoing Job Loss
Authors: Stanislav V. Kasl
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A longitudinal study was made of uric acid (UA) and cholesterol levels in married, stably employed men who lose their jobs because of a permanent plant shutdown. Some 200 men, including controls, were seen and followed up to two years. Major findings were as follows: (1) Anticipation of impending plant shutdown was associated with elevated UA but normal cholesterol levels. (2) Uric acid levels dropped sharply to normal if the men found quick reemployment; otherwise, they remained high till the men were on a new job before showing the same drop. (3) Cholesterol levels of men who became unemployed went up and showed a later drop when they found jobs. (4) Larger drops in UA between anticipation and reemployment were seen in men reporting more severe but brief stress. (5) Nurse ratings of depression related negatively to UA and positively to cholesterol. (6) Men who didn't wait for their job to be terminated but resigned early had stably high UA levels. (7) Temporal stability and intra-individual variability of UA and cholesterol levels were also studied.
Transduction of Human CD34+CD38- Bone Marrow and Cord Blood-Derived SCID-Repopulating Cells with Third-Generation Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Guillermo Guenechea, Olga I. Gan, Takeshi Inamitsu, Craig Dorrell, Daniel S. Pereira, Michael Kelly, Luigi Naldini, John E. Dick
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

The major limitations of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based vectors for human stem cell applications, particularly those requiring bone marrow (BM) stem cells, include their requirement for mitosis and retroviral receptor expression. New vectors based upon lentiviruses such as HIV-1 exhibit properties that may circumvent these problems. We report that novel third-generation, self-inactivating lentiviral vectors, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G), can efficiently transduce primitive human repopulating cells derived from human BM and cord blood (CB) tested by the SCID-repopulating cell (SRC) assay. Highly purified CD34+CD38- CB or BM cells were efficiently transduced (4-69%) and stably expressed in EGFP for 40 days in culture following infection for only 24 h without fibronectin, polybrene, or cytokines. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient (NOD/SCID) mice transplanted with transduced cells from either CB or BM donors were well engrafted, demonstrating maintenance of SRC during the infection procedure. Serially obtained femoral BM samples indicated that the proportion of EGFP+ cells within both myeloid and lymphoid lineages was maintained or even increased over time, averaging 42.3 ± 6.6% for BM donors and 23.3 ± 7.2% for CB at 12 weeks. Thus, the third-generation lentivectors readily transduce human CB and BM stem cells, under minimal conditions of ex vivo culture, where MoMLV-based vectors are ineffective. Since CB is inappropriate for most therapeutic applications, the efficient maintenance and transduction of BM-derived SRC during the short infection procedure are notable advantages of lentivectors.
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee Scintigraphic Findings
Authors: ROBERT TRAFLET, ANIL DESAI, CHAN PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Three cases of spontaneous osteonecrosis (SON) of the knee, comprised of two cases involving the medial tibial plateau and one involving the medial femoral condyle, are reported. Because of the relatively normal x-rays early in the course of the disease, the differential diagnosis of a painful knee is markedly shortened with the typical scintigraphic findings in SON. The scintigraphic findings represent a focal area of increased activity at the affected site on a three-phase bone scan.
Sudden Deaths in Young Competitive Athletes
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Joseph J. Doerer, Tammy S. Haas, David M. Tierney, Frederick O. Mueller
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes are highly visible events with substantial impact on the physician and lay communities. However, the magnitude of this public health issue has become a source of controversy. Methods and Results— To estimate the absolute number of sudden deaths in US competitive athletes, we have assembled a large registry over a 27-year period using systematic identification and tracking strategies. A total of 1866 athletes who died suddenly (or survived cardiac arrest), 19±6 years of age, were identified throughout the United States from 1980 to 2006 in 38 diverse sports. Reports were less common during 1980 to 1993 (576 [31%]) than during 1994 to 2006 (1290 [69%], P &lt;0.001) and increased at a rate of 6% per year. Sudden deaths were predominantly due to cardiovascular disease (1049 [56%]), but causes also included blunt trauma that caused structural damage (416 [22%]), commotio cordis (65 [3%]), and heat stroke (46 [2%]). Among the 1049 cardiovascular deaths, the highest number of events in a single year was 76 (2005 and 2006), with an average of 66 deaths per year (range 50 to 76) over the last 6 years; 29% occurred in blacks, 54% in high school students, and 82% with physical exertion during competition/training, whereas only 11% occurred in females (although this increased with time; P =0.023). The most common cardiovascular causes were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (36%) and congenital coronary artery anomalies (17%). Conclusions— In this national registry, the absolute number of cardiovascular sudden deaths in young US athletes was somewhat higher than previous estimates but relatively low nevertheless, with a rate of &lt;100 per year. These data are relevant to the current debate surrounding preparticipation screening programs with ECGs and also suggest the need for systematic and mandatory reporting of athlete sudden deaths to a national registry.
AB0784 Two no-invasive methods to evaluate liver fibrosis in systemic sclerosis patients: Transient elastography (fibroscan) and APRI score
Authors: A. Munoz, M. Leόn, F. Gallo, J.L. Marenco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex and rare autoimmune disease characterized by vascular damage as well as skin and internal organs sclerosis. The occurrence and extent of primary liver damage in SSc patients has not been adequately studied. In a review of 727 patients with scleroderma only 8 (1.1%) had hepatic involvement. If this very uncommon complication occurs, it usually happens 10 to 15 years after the onset of scleroderma. Transient elastography (Fibroscan) has been validated for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim was to study the frequency of liver stiffness detected with Fibroscan in patients with SSc and the association of liver stiffness with liver disease severity measured by the AST platelet ratio index (APRI). <h3>Methods</h3> All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of SSc according to the American College of Rheumatology attending a single clinic during a one-year period were included. The APRI was calculated in all patients as follows: AST/upper limit of normal × 100/platelet count (10<sup>9</sup>/l). An APRI≥0.5 has acceptable accuracy for excluding significant fibrosis. Transient elastography (TE) was performed with the Fibroscan Echosens 502 model (XL). Liver stiffness scores were expressed as kilopascals (Kpa). For the diagnosis of fibrosis, a cut-off value of TE &gt;7.5 kpa has been proposed. Prevalence was obtained with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Correlation was tested with Spearman's rho. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 40 patients (M/F 6/34) with a median age of 59 years (range: 34-79), HBV, HVC, and anti-mitochondrial antibodies were all negative, alcohol consumption was less than 20 g/day in all cases. Median liver stiffness score was 5.32 Kpa (range: 3.1-9.4). One patient had a TE ≥7.5 Kpa (prevalence 5%; 95% CI 0.1 – 24.8). This patient had a value of 9.4 Kpa with an ultrasound pattern compatible with fatty liver and an APRI value of 0.18. The median APRI value was 0.29 (range: 0.16-0.58). The patient with the highest APRI value had a liver stiffness score of 0.31 Kpa. There was no correlation between the APRI score and liver stiffness by Fibroscan (rho =0.11). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis is moderate to low in SSc patients with no clinical evidence of hepatic disease, as liver could be less prone to SSc-specific pathophysiologic events. Fibroscan, a non-invasive method, detected a prevalence of liver stiffness similar to expected. Liver enzymes levels do not correlate well with liver stiffness. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Updated June 2014
Authors: Jean-Marc Dumonceau, Angelo Andriulli, B. Elmunzer, Alberto Mariani, Tobias Meister, Jacques Deviere, Tomasz Marek, Todd Baron, Cesare Hassan, Pier Testoni, Christine Kapral
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) pancreatitis. <b>Main recommendations</b> <b>1</b> ESGE recommends routine rectal administration of 100 mg of diclofenac or indomethacin immediately before or after ERCP in all patients without contraindication. In addition to this, in the case of high risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), the placement of a 5-Fr prophylactic pancreatic stent should be strongly considered. Sublingually administered glyceryl trinitrate or 250 µg somatostatin given in bolus injection might be considered as an option in high risk cases if nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated and if prophylactic pancreatic stenting is not possible or successful. <b>2</b> ESGE recommends keeping the number of cannulation attempts as low as possible. <b>3</b> ESGE suggests restricting the use of a pancreatic guidewire as a backup technique for biliary cannulation to cases with repeated inadvertent cannulation of the pancreatic duct; if this method is used, deep biliary cannulation should be attempted using a guidewire rather than the contrast-assisted method and a prophylactic pancreatic stent should be placed. <b>4</b> ESGE suggests that needle-knife fistulotomy should be the preferred precut technique in patients with a bile duct dilated down to the papilla. Conventional precut and transpancreatic sphincterotomy present similar success and complication rates; if conventional precut is selected and pancreatic cannulation is easily obtained, ESGE suggests attempting to place a small-diameter (3-Fr or 5-Fr) pancreatic stent to guide the cut and leaving the pancreatic stent in place at the end of ERCP for a minimum of 12 – 24 hours. <b>4</b> ESGE does not recommend endoscopic papillary balloon dilation as an alternative to sphincterotomy in routine ERCP, but it may be advantageous in selected patients; if this technique is used, the duration of dilation should be longer than 1 minute.
Comparison of Buffered and Unbuffered Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Robert C. Batterman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

FEW drugs have such a wide clinical use and acceptance as acetylsalicylic acid. Gerhardt1 synthesized this substance in 1853, but it remained for Hoffman, a chemist at Bayer's chemical works at Elberfeld, Germany, to rediscover the compound. The inadequacy of prolonged use of salicylic acid for the treatment of his father's rheumatoid arthritis prompted Hoffman to try acetylsalicylic acid. Because of its success he influenced Dreser, the director of Bayer's pharmacologic research, to initiate pharmacologic and clinical studies. In 1899 Dreser2 presented the first pharmacologic data, and Wohlgemut3 the first clinical report. Thus began a literature that is now too . . .
Pneumococcal Disease in a Medium-Sized Community in the United States
Authors: Maurice A. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To assess the importance of bacteremic pneumococcal disease among the population of one "average" American community, we studied all hospitalized patients who had Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood, CSF, pleural fluid, or ascitic fluid during the years 1978 through 1981 in Huntington, WVa, and environs. Seventeen patients were children younger than 13 years, and 71 were adults. The case fatality rate from bacteremic pneumococcal disease among adults was 30%, and among children it was 6%. It was much higher (88%) in adults older than 50 years with extrapulmonary disease. Approximately four fifths of the typed isolates from adults or children were types included in the current vaccine. Eighty-nine percent of the adults who died of pneumococcal infection had been candidates for pneumococcal vaccine, but only one patient had received vaccine, just before becoming ill with pneumococcal disease. These data provide a basis for widespread use of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk groups.
Letter: Inversion of the appendix.
Authors: S Tait
Journal: BMJ (1974)

natal bed rest may actually have a deleterious effect upon fetal growth and well-being and that until this basic problem is settled it is not possible to say whether the better results obtained by Dr. Varma and Professor Curzen in their decompressed patients are more likely to have been effected by the dcompression itself or by the lesser amount of enforced bed rest to which they were subjected.-Iam, etc.,
Twice-weekly Pyrimethamine–sulfadoxine Effectively Prevents Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Relapse and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with AIDS
Authors: D. Schürmann, F. Bergmann, H. Albrecht, J. Padberg, T. Grünewald, M. Behnsch, M. Grobusch, M. Vallée, T. Wünsche, B. Ruf, N. Suttorp
Journal: Journal of Infection (2001)
TCT-781 Impact of Smaller and Expandable Sheath During TAVR: Results From a Single-Center Registry
Authors: Marco G. Mennuni, Paolo Pagnotta, Dennis Zavalloni, Marco Luciano Rossi, Margherita Soldi, Gabriele Gasparini, Giuseppe Ferrante, Patrizia Presbitero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Development of a recombinant fusion protein based on the dynein light chain LC8 for non-viral gene delivery
Authors: Marcelo A.S. Toledo, Richard Janissen, Marianna T.P. Favaro, Mônica A. Cotta, Gabriel A. Monteiro, Duarte Miguel F. Prazeres, Anete P. Souza, Adriano R. Azzoni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
HMOs: Origins and Development
Authors: Thomas R. Mayer, Gloria Gilbert Mayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 were first developed on a large scale around the turn of the 19th century, but were not then known as HMOs. These earliest forms were called prepaid group practices, and most of them originated in the American Northwest. They came about largely as a result of the opening up of the West by the railroads and were a part of the industrial development that followed.Probably the first example of such a prepaid group practice was the Western Clinic in Tacoma, Washington. Turn-of-the-century Tacoma was the lumber capital of the world, and mill owners and their . . .
Abstract 13882: Final Results of the World Largest Prospective Randomized Multicenter Trial Regarding Prevention of Sternal Wound Complications After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Michael Gorlitzer, Florian Wagner, Steffen Pfeiffer, Sandra Folkmann, Johann Meinhart, Theodor Fischlein, Hermann Reichenspurner, Martin Grabenwoeger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: A prospective randomized mulitcenter trial was performed for analyzing efficacy of a specifically designed vest (Posthorax support vest) to prevent sternal wound infections after cardiac...
Safety and Efficacy of Combination Immunotherapy With Interferon Alfa-2b and Tremelimumab in Patients With Stage IV Melanoma
Authors: Ahmad A. Tarhini, John Cherian, Stergios J. Moschos, Hussein A. Tawbi, Yongli Shuai, William E. Gooding, Cindy Sander, John M. Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We tested the hypothesis that the combination of tremelimumab and interferon alfa-2b acting via different and possibly synergistic mechanisms would overcome tumor immune tolerance and lead to significant and durable clinical responses.
Consistently Stable or Decreased Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood and Longitudinal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Components
Authors: Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Kiang Liu, Laura A. Colangelo, Lijing L. Yan, Liviu Klein, Catherine M. Loria, Cora E. Lewis, Peter Savage
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Data are sparse regarding the association of stable body mass index (BMI) over the long term with metabolic syndrome components in young adults. Methods and Results— Participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, including white and black adults 18 to 30 years of age at the initial examination in 1985 to 1986, were stratified into groups by baseline BMI and change in BMI (stable/decreased, increased &gt;2 kg/m 2 , or fluctuating) across all 6 examinations between years 0 and 15 of the study. Changes in metabolic syndrome components were compared between groups. Among 1358 men and 1321 women, 16.3% maintained a stable BMI, 73.9% had an increased BMI, and 9.8% had a fluctuating BMI. Over 15 years, participants with stable BMI had essentially unchanged levels of metabolic syndrome components, regardless of baseline BMI, whereas those with increased BMI had progressively worsening levels. For example, men with a baseline BMI of 20.0 to 24.9 kg/m 2 and stable BMI during follow-up had a mean increase of only 15 mg/dL in fasting triglycerides over 15 years compared with 65 mg/dL ( P &lt;0.001) in those whose BMI increased. Incidence of metabolic syndrome at year 15 was lower in the stable BMI group (2.2%) compared with the increased BMI group (18.8%; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Adverse progression of metabolic syndrome components with advancing age may not be inevitable. Young adults who maintained stable BMI over time had minimal progression of risk factors and lower incidence of metabolic syndrome regardless of baseline BMI. Greater public health efforts should be aimed at long-term weight stabilization.
Prior Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection
Authors: Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) in three sequential serum samples from 62 men who did and 61 men who did not develop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the time of the final (third) serum specimen were studied. Antibody titers to CMV, EBV, and HSV-1 did not significantly rise in or differ between men who did or did not get HIV infection. However, we found that 32 (68%) of 47 HIV seroconverters had antibodies to HSV-2 at the time the third specimen was drawn, whereas only 26 (46%) of 57 men who remained HIV seronegative had HSV-2 antibody positivity. Seroconversion to HSV-2 between any two serum specimens was found in 11 (42%) of the 26 HIV seroconverters but in only five (14%) of 35 men who remained HIV seronegative. The association between HSV-2 seropositivity (or seroconversion) and subsequent or concurrent HIV seroconversion remained when we controlled for factors known to influence HIV infection, including age, number of sexual partners, and percentage of sexual acts involving receptive anal intercourse. These serologic studies do not support the role of CMV, EBV, or HSV-1 in HIV infection but do suggest that HSV-2 infection is a risk factor for subsequent or concurrent HIV infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1048-1050)
c-Cbl expression levels regulate the functional responses of human central and effector memory CD4 T cells
Authors: Nicolò C. Brembilla, Johann Weber, Donata Rimoldi, Sylvain Pradervand, Frédéric Schütz, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Curzio Rüegg, Manfredo Quadroni, Keith Harshman, Marie-Agnès Doucey
Journal: Blood (2008)