tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What Happened to the Internship?
Authors: Rose Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The answer to the question of what happened to the internship is that it is alive and well, but has been "married" to the residency and assumed a new name. The first year of graduate training may still be referred to informally as an internship, but the current terms, "flexible," "categorical," and "categorical<sup>*</sup>" should be used to give a more precise indication of the nature and content of the first year of graduate training. In some respects, the flexible year is similar to the familiar "Rotating 0" internship of the past, with its requirement that four months be spent in internal medicine and that the program provide a broad clinical experience; it differs from the rotating internship in that it must be jointly planned and sponsored by the persons responsible for the two or more residency programs sponsoring the flexible year. The categorical first year resembles the straight internship previously
Assessing Predictive Performance Beyond the Framingham Risk Score
Authors: Nancy R. Cook
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Should we measure dyspnoea in everyone?
Authors: Robert B. Banzett, Carl R. O’Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Dyspnoea is defined as “breathing discomfort” [1]. The paper by GrOnseth et al. [2] in this issue of European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ) reports the prevalence of dyspnoea in 15 countries throughout the world. There are few studies of dyspnoea in the general population available, so this added information is welcome. The overall prevalence of dyspnoea in their study population was 27%, which is not far out of line with several other studies dating from 1964 to the present [3–5]. Some studies, based on review of medical records, have reported much lower prevalence [6]. However, patients may neglect to report dyspnoea to their clinician because they think it does not reach a sufficient level of importance, or clinicians may fail to record what their patients say. Requiring patients to scale their symptoms can result in more uniform reporting, because the patient does not have to decide how much is reportable, it takes very little time and it facilitates uniform documentation. Busy clinicians may ask “is dyspnoea worth documenting?” One powerful argument for routine assessment is the need to reduce suffering, as with pain. A second argument is the emerging predictive value of dyspnoea in forecasting medical needs.

In addition to being prevalent, “dyspnoea” is a powerfully aversive sensation [7] and patients deserve adequate management of this symptom, as passionately argued by Currow et al. [8]. Effective interventions exist and should be used [9–11]; assessing dyspnoea is the first step in managing it. Dyspnoea is frequently overlooked despite its prevalence and the severity of distress it causes [12]. For example, despite having had dyspnoea for months a majority of advanced cancer patients had not received any treatment for it [ …
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Rat and Mouse Allergens Sensitization in Asthmatic Patients Followed at Hospital das Clínicas at São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: C.M. Kokron, B.C. Nicoletti, C.E. Galvão, P. Giavina-Bianchi, B.F.C. Santos, F.F.M. Castro, J. Kalil
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Outcome in infants exposed to methadone in utero
Authors: L. McGlone, H. Mactier, J. R MacKinnon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We want to respond to Bell and Harvey-Dodds’ comments on the safety of methadone in pregnancy, specifically regarding postnatal development.1 Concerns are increasing about nystagmus and delayed visual development in infants born to drug misusing mothers,2 3 and we have shown alteration in visual evoked potentials in newborn infants exposed to methadone …
Myeloid-Related Protein-8/14 Is Critical for the Biological Response to Vascular Injury
Authors: Kevin Croce, Huiyun Gao, Yunmei Wang, Toshifumi Mooroka, Masashi Sakuma, Can Shi, Galina K. Sukhova, René R.S. Packard, Nancy Hogg, Peter Libby, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8 (S100A8) and MRP-14 (S100A9) are members of the S100 family of calcium-modulated proteins that regulate myeloid cell function and control inflammation, in part, through activation of Toll-like receptor-4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products. A transcriptional profiling approach in patients with acute coronary syndromes identified MRP-14 as a novel predictor of myocardial infarction. Further studies demonstrated that elevated plasma levels of MRP-8/14 heterodimer predict increased risk of first and recurrent cardiovascular events. Beyond its serving as a risk marker, whether MRP-8/14 participates directly in vascular inflammation and disease remains unclear. Methods and Results— We evaluated vascular inflammation in wild-type and MRP-14 –deficient ( MRP-14 −/− ) mice that lack MRP-8/14 complexes with experimental arterial injury, vasculitis, or atherosclerosis. After femoral artery wire injury, MRP-14 −/− mice had significant reductions in leukocyte accumulation, cellular proliferation, and neointimal formation compared with wild-type mice. In a cytokine-induced local Shwartzman-like reaction that produces thrombohemorrhagic vasculitis, MRP-14 −/− mice had significant reductions in neutrophil accumulation, lesion severity, and hemorrhagic area. In response to high-fat feeding, mice doubly deficient in apolipoprotein E and MRP-8/14 complexes had attenuation in atherosclerotic lesion area and in macrophage accumulation in plaques compared with mice deficient in apolipoprotein E alone. Conclusion— This study demonstrates that MRP-8/14 broadly regulates vascular inflammation and contributes to the biological response to vascular injury by promoting leukocyte recruitment.
Abstract P6-14-02: A Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled Trial of Myocet, Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel vs. Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel for 1st Line Therapy of HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: J Baselga, A Manikhas, L Roman, V Semiglazov, RH Goldfarb, S Forenza, J Matera, N Azarnia, C Hudis, M Rozencweig
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Myocet™ (M) is a non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin which exhibits reduced cardiotoxicity as compared to conventional doxorubicin. A phase 1/2 non-randomized multi-site trial combining M, trastuzumab (H) and paclitaxel (T) has resulted in high response rate, prolonged time to progression and improved overall survival, with no clinical cardiac toxicity in patients (pts) with first line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) over-expressing human epidermal growth factor-2neu (HER2+) (Cortes et al Clin Cancer res 2009:15:307). Methods: This multicenter study was designed to demonstrate the efficacy and cardiac safety of M+ H + T vs. the standard of care, H + T, in pts with HER2+ MBC with no prior chemotherapy for MBC. After stratification by hormone receptor status, prior or no prior anthracycline (A) therapy, age ≥50 or &amp;gt;50 y and geography, patients were randomly allocated to receive either M (50 mg/m2 q 3 wks for 6 cycles), H (4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg q wk) and T (80 mg/m2 q wk) or H + T until progression or toxicity. The primary efficacy outcome is progression-free survival (PFS), as determined by a blinded independent review committee (IRC). The primary safety outcome is the incidence of NYHA class 3 or 4 heart failure or cardiac death, independently adjudicated. Secondary endpoints are overall survival and tumor response, also determined by the IRC according to RECIST. 332 pts were needed to detect a 30% difference in PFS with 80% power. Results: Between 2006 and 2009, 363 HER2+ women from 12 countries were enrolled. Median age is 53 yr (range 22-79); 80% are Caucasian; with ECOG performance status of 0 (62%) and 1 (38%); 42% are ER and/or PR positive; 40% received adjuvant chemotherapy, 24% hormone therapy, and 37% radiotherapy; 33% received prior A, median lifetime cumulativedoxorubicin and epirubicin dose (range) were 240 (45-360) mg/m2 and 360 (69-600) mg/m2, respectively. The final analysis of PFS is scheduled for 3Q10. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy data will be presented at the meeting. Clinical Trials.Gov Identifier: NCT00294996 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-02.
Molecular Genetics of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Guido Marcucci, Torsten Haferlach, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Molecular analyses of leukemic blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have revealed a striking heterogeneity with regard to the presence of acquired gene mutations and changes in gene and microRNA expression. Multiple submicroscopic genetic alterations with prognostic significance have been discovered. Application of gene- and microRNA profiling has identified genome-wide expression signatures that separate cytogenetic and molecular subsets of patients with AML into previously unrecognized biologic and/or prognostic subgroups. These and similar future findings are likely to have a major impact on the clinical management of AML because many of the identified genetic alterations not only represent independent prognosticators, but also may constitute targets for specific therapeutic intervention. In this report, we review genetic findings in AML and discuss their clinical implications.
Iatrogenic Candidal Infection of a Mediastinal Foregut Cyst Following Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: A. G. Ryan, V. Zamvar, S. A. Roberts
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe procedure with few complications. We describe the introduction of Candida into a mediastinal foregut cyst following trans-oesophageal EUS-FNA, and discuss the implications of this complication.
Acute Renal Failure and Mortality-Reply
Authors: Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Dr Jacobson correctly points out that unmeasured factors can act as confounders in observational research by accounting for both the exposure (in our study, the development of renal failure) and the outcome (the associated increase in mortality). He suggests that a preliminary analysis should have focused on identifying the causes of renal failure, which could then be evaluated as potential confounders. The apparent causes of renal failure in our index subjects were advanced age, diabetes, sepsis, liver disease, congestive heart failure, and hypotension. These factors, which have been noted to predispose patients toward the development of acute renal failure in other studies, 1-3 were more common in our study's index subjects than in their matched counterparts without renal failure. Each of these factors was examined as a potential confounder in the analysis. Many other known causes of acute renal failure, such as pigment injury or aminoglycoside exposure, occurred too infrequently
The use of a tumor metastasis targeting peptide to deliver doxorubicin-containing liposomes to highly metastatic cancer
Authors: Zhaohui Wang, Yang Yu, Wenbing Dai, Jingkai Lu, Jingrong Cui, Hounan Wu, Lan Yuan, Hua Zhang, Xueqing Wang, Jiancheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
A Guide to Dermatohistopathology
Authors: Samuel M. Bluefarb
Journal: JAMA (1970)

There are many excellent American textbooks on dermal pathology. Is there a justification for another? Pinkus, who has described at least five new dermopathologic entities (follicular mucinosis, exocrine poroma, fibroepithelial tumor of the skin, trichofolliculoma, and perifollicular fibroma), is more than adequately justified, and is highly qualified to write a dermal pathologic treatise. If further proof is needed, then it would be his approach to the subject. He has broken away from the traditional texts on dermal pathology which are usually systematic compilations of thoughts and ideas of many students, teachers, and researchers in the field. This book is all Pinkus. It is his personal experience based on many years of teaching and studying dermal pathology so that the reader knows his personal thoughts, experience, and thinking on the whole spectrum of dermal pathology. I may disagree with Pinkus's interpretation of Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration or his concept that mycosis fungoides
&lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;SCN5A&lt;/EMPH&gt;—A Mechanistic Link Between Inherited Cardiomyopathies and a Predisposition to Arrhythmias?
Authors: Eric Adler
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Tomsk, Russia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Salmaan Keshavjee, Irina Y Gelmanova, Paul E Farmer, Sergey P Mishustin, Aivar K Strelis, Yevgeny G Andreev, Alexander D Pasechnikov, Sidney Atwood, Joia S Mukherjee, Michael L Rich, Jennifer J Furin, Edward A Nardell, Jim Y Kim, Sonya S Shin
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
The Anatomy Coloring Book
Authors: J. McConnell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Animal studies indicate a potential protective role of antidepressant medication (ADM) in models of colitis but the effect of their use in humans with ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the relationship between ADM use and corticosteroid dependency in UC. <h3>Design</h3> Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink we identified patients diagnosed with UC between 2005 and 2016. We grouped patients according to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) exposure in the 3 years following diagnosis: ‘continuous users’, ‘intermittent users’ and ‘non-users’. We used logistic regression to estimate the adjusted risk of corticosteroid dependency between ADM exposure groups. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 6373 patients with UC. Five thousand two hundred and thirty (82%) use no ADMs, 627 (10%) were intermittent SSRI users and 282 (4%) were continuous SSRI users, 246 (4%) were intermittent TCA users and 63 (1%) were continuous TCA users. Corticosteroid dependency was more frequent in continuous SSRI and TCA users compared with non-users (19% vs 24% vs 14%, respectively, χ<sup>2</sup> p=0.002). Intermittent SSRI and TCA users had similar risks of developing corticosteroid dependency to non-users (SSRI: OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.50, TCA: OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.66). Continuous users of both SSRIs and TCAs had significantly higher risks of corticosteroid dependency compared with non-users (SSRI: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.27, TCA: OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.81). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Continuous ADM exposure has no protective effect in routine clinical practice in UC and identifies a population of patients requiring more intensive medical therapy. ADM use is a flag for potentially worse clinical outcomes in UC.
Activity of DU-6859a, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin and OPC-17116 against 112 Penicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Pneumococci
Authors: G.A. Pankuch, M.R. Jacobs, P.C. Appelbaum
Journal: Drugs (1995)
Invasive Assessment of the Coronary Microcirculation
Authors: Martin K.C. Ng, Alan C. Yeung, William F. Fearon
Journal: Circulation (2006)

A simple, reproducible invasive method for assessing the coronary microcirculation is lacking. A novel index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) has been shown in animals to correlate with true microvascular resistance and, unlike coronary flow reserve (CFR), to be independent of the epicardial artery. We sought to compare the reproducibility and hemodynamic dependence of IMR with CFR in humans.Using a pressure-temperature sensor-tipped coronary wire, thermodilution-derived CFR and IMR were measured, along with fractional flow reserve (FFR), in 15 coronary arteries (15 patients) under the following hemodynamic conditions: (1) twice at baseline; (2) during right ventricular pacing at 110 bpm; (3) during intravenous infusion of nitroprusside; and (4) during intravenous dobutamine infusion. Mean CFR did not change during baseline measurements or during nitroprusside infusion but decreased during pacing (from 3.1+/-1.1 at baseline to 2.3+/-1.2 during pacing, P<0.05) and during dobutamine infusion (from 3.0+/-1.0 to 1.7+/-0.6 with dobutamine, P<0.0001). By comparison, mean values for IMR and FFR remained similar throughout all hemodynamic conditions. The mean coefficient of variation between 2 baseline measurements was significantly lower for IMR (6.9+/-6.5%) and FFR (1.6+/-1.6%) than for CFR (18.6+/-9.6%; P<0.01). Mean correlation between baseline measurements and each hemodynamic intervention was superior for IMR (r=0.90+/-0.05) and FFR (r=0.86+/-0.12) compared with CFR (r=0.70+/-0.05; P<0.05).Compared with CFR, IMR provides a more reproducible assessment of the microcirculation, which is independent of hemodynamic perturbations. Simultaneous measurement of FFR and IMR may provide a comprehensive and specific assessment of coronary physiology at both epicardial and microvascular levels, respectively.
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgical Emergencies
Authors: Robert J. Bielski
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cataract Surgery in Patient Who Sneezes
Authors: Kenneth J. Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to respond to the question asked by Dr Silverman regarding a 79-year-old man with bilateral cataracts who requires surgery and has a chronic sneezing problem.<sup>1</sup> Sneezing cannot occur under general anesthesia. For the past 12 years, most cataract patients operated on by me have had general anesthesia unless this was contraindicated by an internist evaluating the patient's condition preoperatively. This has resulted in 99% of patients having general anesthesia. Second, it is possible that the Valsalva effect of sneezing could cause iris prolapse in a larger-incision cataract surgery. This has been seen even with proper closure, and proper closure cannot always be assured. I have never seen an iris prolapse with phacoemulsification. I would strongly recommend that the safest procedure for this man would be a phacoemulsification cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation done under general anesthesia.
Delays and Errors in the Diagnosis of Brain Tumor
Authors: Fredrick C. Redlich, Rembrandt H. Dunsmore, Eugene B. Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

MOST general practitioners, internists and neuropsychiatrists with a sufficiently large and varied practice sooner or later have the distressing experience of mistaking a brain tumor for a psychoneurosis or of unnecessarily delaying the correct diagnosis. As in other disorders involving behavior, the opinions of family and friends, as well as of other lay people in the community, often contribute to confuse the opinions of the physician, particularly of the general practitioner. Such considerations stimulated the present investigation of diagnostic errors made in 100 proved cases of brain tumor.It is impossible to extract a bibliography on diagnostic errors from the . . .
FDG PET/CT Detection of a Gossypiboma in the Neck
Authors: Ryan D. Niederkohr, Bryan J. Hwang, Andrew Quon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A gossypiboma, or retained surgical sponge, is a rare but serious surgical complication which typically occurs in the abdomen and is extremely rare after head/neck surgery. The retained material can induce an aseptic granulomatous foreign body reaction or abscess formation with or without bacterial superinfection. We report the FDG PET/CT detection of a gossypiboma in the right lower neck of a patient with thyroid cancer who, approximately 11 weeks before the scan, underwent partial tracheal resection and right modified radical neck dissection for recurrent disease.