tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile acid signaling and biliary functions
Authors: Hannah Jones, Gianfranco Alpini, Heather Francis
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

This review focuses on various components of bile acid signaling in relation to cholangiocytes. Their roles as targets for potential therapies for cholangiopathies are also explored. While many factors are involved in these complex signaling pathways, this review emphasizes the roles of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor (TGR5), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and the bicarbonate umbrella. Following a general background on cholangiocytes and bile acids, we will expand the review and include sections that are most recently known (within 5-7 years) regarding the field of bile acid signaling and cholangiocyte function. These findings all demonstrate that bile acids influence biliary functions which can, in turn, regulate the cholangiocyte response during pathological events.
'Prescription drugs and driving performance'
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Increased public awareness of the role that alcohol plays in traffic injuries and deaths has led several states to enact harsher penalties for driving under its influence or for serving alcohol to an already intoxicated person who then may try to drive. Less well known or understood, however, are the possible effects on driving performance of prescription and nonprescription medications. Two pioneer meetings on this latter subject were held recently, one in Europe and the other in the United States. At the same time, the medications-and-driving question is the subject of another first step, one being taken by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, which expects to have a provision in its forthcoming budget for an epidemiologic study. This study will gather data on drugs other than alcohol found in blood and urine specimens (<i>JAMA</i>[Medical News] 1985;253:3509-3517) from drivers fatally injured in traffic crashes and in a
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Authors: Kris Sperry
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IN THE massive body of medical literature that has accumulated over the last century, there are occasional contributions that provide such an elemental description of a clinicopathologic disease entity that subsequent decades of research and meticulous study fail to substantially improve on the original. Such a work is this issue's LANDMARK ARTICLE, the description of amniotic fluid embolism by Steiner and Lushbaugh.<sup>1</sup> Although the fields of pathology and obstetrics have both changed markedly in the 45 years since the publication of this article, the fundamental information therein continues to be germane. In many respects, the little gains in knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and course of amniotic fluid embolism since 1941 have been the result of advances in technology, most notably central monitoring catheters, to aid in both antemortem diagnosis and characterization of the clinical and physiological manifestations of this fulminating, often fatal event. <h3>A Subset of Deaths</h3> The
UREMIC FOCAL LESIONS.
Authors: H. H. HOPPE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The literature on localized lesions of the central nervous system occurring as a result of uremic attacks is very scanty. A diligent perusal of many American text-books on general internal medicine, as well as the text-books on nervous diseases, fails to find mention of the subject at all. It is true that compared with the multiform manifestations of uremia, especially compared with the frequency of convulsive attacks, the paralytic attacks occur very rarely; or, perhaps, it were better to say, are rarely recorded, and this is probably due to the peculiar character of the paralytic attacks and to the rapidity with which the manifestations disappear. The study becomes all the more interesting because of the light which the subject seems to throw upon the nature of other central disturbances of the nervous system. If the advance in our knowledge of medicine has been marked in the past quarter of a
Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Complex Lesions
Authors: Antonio Colombo, John Cosgrave
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum screening for Down's syndrome. Existing tests not good enough.
Authors: R Keatinge, C Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1993)

distress.This test, with a positive predictive value of less than 3%,4 will generate many false positive results.Women who receive a positive result from a screening test are entitled to much greater support than they now receive.The costs of such a service would, however, outweigh the benefits of routine screening.Districts now considering the introduction of such a programme should bear in mind the maxim quoted by Marteau: "first do no harm.
Nicotine and Colonic Muscle
Authors: K. C. Dave, K. S. Sachdev
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDICA.L JOURNA~L origin and symptomless unless they become accidentally infected or very large.Symptoms arising in a previously quiescent diverticulum as a result of infection due to trauma, either from catheterization or the passage of the foetal head, would explain the high incidence of parous women in the series so far recorded.Urethral diverticula, while apparently not so common in Great Britain as in some parts of the United States of America and the West Indies, are by no means very rare.I have personally encountered two in London in the past four years, and Mr. Geoffrey Dixon has recently drawn my attention to a third example which, like Dr. Phillips's case, contained calculi.It is likely that if looked for carefully by British gynaecologists and urologists urethral diverticula would be found more often.This has certainly been the case elsewhere.-Iam, etc.,
Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review
Authors: I. Romieu, F. Castro-Giner, N. Kunzli, J. Sunyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the biological and epidemiological evidence of the role of oxidative stress as a major underlying feature of the toxic effect of air pollutants, and the potential role of dietary supplementation in enhancing antioxidant defences. A bibliographic search was conducted through PubMed. The keywords used in the search were “air pollutant”, “oxidative stress”, “inflammation”, “antioxidant polyunsaturated fatty acids” and “genetics”. In addition, the authors also searched for biomarkers of oxidative stress and nutrients. The review presents the most recent data on: the biological and epidemiological evidence of the oxidative stress response to air pollutants; the role of dietary supplementation as a modulator of these effects; and factors of inter-individual variation in human response. The methodology for further epidemiological studies will be discussed in order to improve the current understanding on how nutritional factors may act. There is substantial evidence that air pollution exposure results in increased oxidative stress and that dietary supplementation may play a modulating role on the acute effect of air pollutants. Further epidemiological studies should address the impact of supplementation strategies in the prevention of air-pollution-related long-term effects in areas where people are destined to be exposed for the distant future.
Adrenocortical Function in Burned Patients
Authors: S. Sevitt
Journal: BMJ (1954)

ANAEMIA IN KWASHIORKOR BRDI ¶Lo 541Anaemia may increase considerably as oedema decreases and plasma proteins rise.In this way severe anaemia may be unmasked.Megaloblastic change was present in two cases.In six others there were bone-marrow abnormalities con- sisting of giant metamyelocytes and scanty red-cell precursors of intermediate type.Two of these had satisfactory haematological responses to crude liver extract or to vitamin B12.The possible relationship of this anaemia to protein deficiency, liver disease, and nutritional megaloblastic anaemia is discussed.I thank Dr. Pauline Kienerman for giving me full access to her cases of kwashiorkor in African children, Dr. N. A.
Changes in myocardial blood flow and S-T segment elevation following coronary artery occlusion in dogs.
Authors: H J Smith, B N Singh, R M Norris, M B John, P J Hurley
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The relationship between regional blood flow and epicardial S-T segment elevation was studied in 26 open-chest anesthetized dogs with left anterior coronary artery ligations. Changes in myocardial blood flow, measured with 15 plus or minus 5mu (diameter) microspheres labeled with 141-Ce, 85-Sr, and 169-Yb, were correlated with summated S-T segment elevations 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after coronary artery occlusion. In normal areas, myocardial blood flow was 113 plus or minus 5 ml/min 100 g- minus 1 and summated S-T segment elevation was 0.3 plus or minus 0.2 mv. Fifteen minutes after coronary artery occlusion in 26 dogs, S-T segment elevation was 5.7 plus or minus 0.7 mv over the center of the infarct and myocardial blood flow was 10 plus or minus 1 ml/min 100 g- minus 1; over the border zone, myocardial blood flow was 63 plus or minus 4 ml/min 100 g- minus 1 and S-T segment elevation was 3.1 plus or minus 0.1 mv. One third of the areas with a myocardial blood flow of 10 ml/min 100 g- minus 1 or less had no S-T segment elevation. In the center and border zones of the infarct in 9 dogs, myocardial blood flow increased from 11 plus or minus 2 and 67 plus or minus 8 ml/min 100 g- minus 1 15 minutes after occlusion to 20 plus or minus 4 and 84 plus or minus 12 ml/min 100 g- minus 1, respectively, 2 hours after coronary artery occlusion. These increases were not associated with a significant reduction in summated S-T segment elevation. The results do not suggest a simple quantitative relationship between epicardial S-T segment elevation and myocardial blood flow following acute coronary artery occlusion.
Haemofiltration as a cause of electrolyte imbalance.
Authors: R A Banks, A N Burlingham
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In this scheme a "new" NHS built from the skill and experience of the old one for major conditions and an independent health service for routine conditions would be entirely complementary to each other.Margaret Thatcher has the op- portunity, ability, and courage to implement this sort of radical surgery before health care in Britain becomes an incurable lost cause, both for those delivering it and, even worse, for those needing it.
Effect of Hematin in Acute Porphyric Relapse
Authors: C. J. Watson, G. Jeelani Dhar, Irene Bossenmaier, Ruth Cardinal, Z. J. Petryka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The intravenous administration of hematin, in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria in relapse, was followed by a rapid decline of porphyrin precursors in the blood and urine, together with complete remission of the porphyric symptoms and manifestations, including abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, tachycardia, urinary retention, and psychopathic behavior. The hematin was given for 3 days, in four doses of about 300 mg each. By serial spectroscopic observation, hematin was constantly present in the blood and available for perfusion during at least 90 hours, disappearing between 30 and 36 hours after the last unit was given. The relation of the remission to the remarkable lowering of serum and urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen and the underlying repression or inhibition, or both, of the induction of aminolevulinic acid synthetase by the hematin is discussed. Further studies to explore this question and provide information on the value of the method in aborting attacks at an early stage are needed.
Endobronchial metastasis of osteosarcoma presenting as position-dependent and variable airway obstruction of the trachea
Authors: O Mazboudi, M R Abboud, S Muwakkit, S Akel, A Husari
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Endobronchial metastasis of osteosarcoma presenting as position-dependent and variable airway obstruction of the tracheaEndobronchial metastasis secondary to osteosarcoma is distinctly rare. 1 2 We report a young man with metastatic osteosarcoma who presented with position-dependent dyspnoea.A CT scan of the chest showed a soft tissue mass that originated from the left lung, causing significant volume loss of the left lung, extended through the left main bronchus and projected to the trachea (fig 1A ,B).Bronchoscopy showed a tongue-like lesion that was noted to flip back and forth from the right main bronchus on inspiration to the main trachea on expiration (fig 1C,D and video).The patient underwent left-sided pneumonectomy and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic osteosarcoma (fig 2). VIDEOThe video was obtained during bronchoscopy as the patient was in the supine position.It demonstrates the variable position of the tongue-like lesion flipping back and forth from the right main bronchus on inspiration to the main trachea on expiration.
The impact of a self‐management group programme on health behaviour and healthcare utilization among congestive heart failure patients
Authors: Esther S.T.F. Smeulders, Jolanda C.M. van Haastregt, Ton Ambergen, Josiane J.J. Janssen‐Boyne, Jacques Th.M. van Eijk, Gertrudis I.J.M. Kempen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Efficient delivery of siRNA using dendritic poly(l-lysine) for loss-of-function analysis
Authors: Yusuke Inoue, Ryosuke Kurihara, Akiko Tsuchida, Mino Hasegawa, Takeyuki Nagashima, Takeshi Mori, Takuro Niidome, Yoshiki Katayama, Osamu Okitsu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Immunopathology of the Skin
Authors: Keyoumars Soltani
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Immunopathology plays an important role in serum and tissue diagnosis of immunologically mediated disorders. The enzyme antibody methods are becoming an integral part of the diagnosis and investigation of immunopathology in systemic and cutaneous disorders. This second edition of<i>Immunopathology of the Skin</i>, edited by Drs Beutner, Chorzelski, and Bean, provides an updated reference on the clinical and laboratory aspects of dermatoimmunopathology. I found the first several chapters dealing with indications, detailed descriptions of methods, and fluorescence microscopy most interesting and useful. The chapter on the uses of enzyme antibody methods in dermatoimmunopathology is adequate. The significance of stratum corneum antibodies in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, also common to psoriasiform dermatoses, has been discussed at length. The editors have included their provocative conception of autoimmunity. A more detailed list and description of autoantibodies and immunopathologic changes in lichen planus could make future editions more comprehensive. Similarly, the editors would have
TI-201 Uptake in Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection
Authors: TIMOTHY BURKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Primary lung cancers are well known causes of increased pulmonary TI-201 uptake that may be detected during myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Other cancers and various benign conditions may also show increased TI-201 accumulation and may be initially detected as incidental findings during myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. This report demonstrates TI-201 uptake in a patient with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection.
Identification of a new class of inducible receptors on platelets. Thrombospondin interacts with platelets via a GPIIb-IIIa-independent mechanism.
Authors: M L Aiken, M H Ginsberg, E F Plow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Thrombospondin with fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor binds to platelets stimulated with agonists and support platelet adhesive functions. The receptors for the latter three proteins are associated with membrane glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa. Thrombasthenic platelets deficient in GPIIb-IIIa have been utilized to examine the role of this membrane protein in the interactions of thrombospondin with platelets. Radioiodinated thrombospondin bound to thrombin-stimulated platelets from normal and thrombasthenic donors with a similar affinity and capacity. As monitored with a monoclonal antibody to thrombospondin, the divalent ion-dependent and -independent pathways for the expression of the endogenous pool of thrombospondin on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets from normal and thrombasthenic donors were also qualitatively and quantitatively similar. GPIIb-IIIa or ligands associated with GPIIb-IIIa thus are not essential for the binding of thrombospondin to platelets. Therefore, thrombospondin interacts with unique receptors on platelets.
Familial Cystic Parathyroid Adenomatosis
Authors: LAWRENCE E. MALLETTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Although the commonest familial form of primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroid hyperplasia, a few families have manifested parathyroid adenomas. We describe a family in which four members developed cystic parathyroid adenomas. Although calcium levels returned to normal after resection of the adenoma, a second adenoma would often develop several years later (we have termed this temporal sequence adenomatosis). Each adenoma had a cystic histologic appearance, and three of four normal-sized parathyroid glands also contained many cysts. No other endocrine tumors have appeared, but in three patients the hyperparathyroidism was complicated by fibrous maxillary or mandibular tumors that resembled ossifying fibromas rather than the brown tumors generally found in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Each patient with an adenoma was hypercalciuric, but two were obligate carriers of hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. This familial occurrence of the rare cystic parathyroid adenoma suggests the presence of a distinct hereditary syndrome. The genetic basis may be the simultaneous inheritance of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and another trait that may increase the urinary excretion of calcium.
New Association Looks at Environmental Hazards; Groups Worldwide Ponder Challenges Involved
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

CONCERNED ABOUT deleterious effects of environmental pollution on the nation's health, a group of health professionals is forming the National Association of Physicians for the Environment.  Their object in bringing together physicians, other health professionals, government officials, and environmental organization representatives is to draw up a program for dealing with hazards to health in living and working environments. The group held its first national conference in Washington, DC, in association with the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.  The association was incorporated just 2 months ago, according to John Grupenhoff, PhD, Science and Health Communications Group, Bethesda, Md, who says: It seems to me that every environmental or pollution problem is or will become a medical or public health problem. Thus, pollution prevention can be disease prevention.  Grupenhoff says that, based on his work to date with medical specialty societies, he feels they are in a position to make
Primary Cardiac Lymphoma Mimicking Left Atrial Myxoma in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Duyen Thuy Nguyen, Carl Richard Meier, Dan Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

A 52-year-old obese Hispanic woman presented in March 2005 with a 1-week history of dizziness, leg swelling, orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, and nonradiating pain in the upper back.In the prior 2 months she also had paroxysmal cough and a 7-kg weight loss, but no fever, chills, or night sweats.She had type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and was status postangioplasty for renal artery aneurysm.She had bilateral jugular venous pulsation and basilar crackles, irregularly irregular rate and rhythm, 2 of 6 intensity systolic ejection murmur at the left sternal border, and trace edema of lower extremities.Notable laboratory values included hemoglobin of 9.3/dL, creatinine of 1.3 mg/dL, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 117 mm/h.Normal results included those for cardiac enzymes and HIV serology.Outside transthoracic echocardiography, confirmed after referral for resection, showed a left atrial mass of 7 ϫ 3 cm that prolapsed intermittently through the mitral valve causing mitral regurgitation (Fig 1).Left ventricular systolic function was adequate.Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema.ECG showed atrial fibrillation and lateral lead ST depression.Cardiac catheterization showed coronary artery stenoses up to 90% (of left anterior descending artery) and tumor blood supply from an atrial branch of the circumflex artery.Preoperative diagnosis was left atrial myxoma.Intraoperatively, the tumor was found friable, widely attached to the atrial septum and to the roof of the left atrium laterally to the superior vena cava juncture.A smaller tumor was between trabeculae and in the right lower pulmonary vein.Both were resected, preceded by two-vessel coronary artery bypass graft.The resected mass consisted of several fragments of soft tanbrown tissue (the largest one was 7 ϫ 6 ϫ 3.5 cm), together measuring up to 8 cm (Fig 2).On microscopy, fringes of tumor infiltrated adjacent cardiac muscle and other portions were necrotic.Tumor cells
THE VALUE OF CAMPHOR-IN-OIL AS A CARDIAC STIMULANT
Authors: H. M. MARVIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Although camphor has been employed in medicine for several centuries because of its reputed value as a circulatory stimulant, there is at present a wide diversity of opinion among clinical and laboratory workers regarding its method of action, toxicity and therapeutic value. So far as one may judge from current and recent medical literature and from conversations with practicing physicians, the drug appears to enjoy a unique favor among members of the medical profession; many of them regard it as the cardiac stimulant<i>par excellence</i>, the one drug to be given first in emergencies, the most reliable and speedy in its action under most circumstances, and the one to be exhibited with confidence after all other drugs have failed. It does not require a diligent search of medical literature to find numerous illustrations of these widely prevalent views; one can scarcely pick up a medical periodical without finding in several