tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the Tobacco Smoke Constituent 4-Aminobiphenyl Induces Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Federica Saletta, Giuseppe Matullo, Maurizio Manuguerra, Sabrina Arena, Alberto Bardelli, Paolo Vineis
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The relationships between environmental factors and the genetic abnormalities that drive carcinogenesis are supported by experimental and epidemiologic evidence but their molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. At the genomic level, most human cancers display either chromosomal (CIN) or microsatellite (MIN) instability. The molecular mechanisms through which normal cells acquire these forms of instability are largely unknown. The arylamine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is a tobacco smoke constituent, an environmental contaminant, and a well-established carcinogen in humans. Among others, bladder, lung, colon, and breast cancers have been associated with 4-ABP. We have investigated the effects of 4-ABP and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on genetically stable colorectal (HCT116) and bladder (RT112) cancer cells. Cells were treated with carcinogens to generate resistant clones that were then subjected to genetic analysis to assess whether they displayed either CIN or MIN. We found that 50% to 60% of cells treated with 4-ABP developed CIN but none developed MIN as confirmed by their ability to gain and lose chromosomes. In contrast, all MNNG-treated clones (12/12) developed MIN but none developed CIN as shown by the microsatellite assay. The mismatch repair protein expression analysis suggests that the acquired mechanism of MIN resistance in the HCT116 MNNG-treated cells is associated with the reduction or the complete loss of MLH1 expression. By providing a mechanistic link between exposure to a tobacco constituent and the development of CIN, our results contribute to a better understanding of the origins of genetic instability, one of the remaining unsolved problems in cancer research.
IDDM Is a Risk Factor for Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Bernd J Blanz, Beatrice S Rensch-Riemann, Doris I Fritz-Sigmund, Martin H Schmidt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the rate of psychiatric disorders increases in children and adolescents with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The rate of psychiatric disorders was assessed by highly structured interviews in a group of 93 IDDM adolescents 17–19 yr of age and compared with a healthy (nondiabetic) age-, sex-, and socioeconomic status-matched control group. RESULTS The rate of psychiatric disorders was 33.3% in the diabetic group, more than threefold higher than in the control group (9.7%). With regard to the ratepsychiatric disorders, no sex-specific differences between the two groups were found. The diabetic adolescents suffered from significantly more introversive symptoms than their healthy counterparts, especially somatic symptoms, sleeping disturbances, compulsions, and depressive moods. In spite of the elevated rate of psychiatric disorders, the rates of life events and familial adversities did not increase in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS The results support the notion that IDDM adolescents should be seen as a high-risk group for psychiatric disorders.
Relation of airway responsiveness to duration of work in a dusty environment.
Authors: P Ernst, R E Dales, F Nunes, M R Becklake
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Health selection within a workforce has been found in several industries and appears to be more pronounced in dustier occupations. In this study of airway disease among workers exposed to asbestos and man made mineral fibres, 215 of 246 construction insulators 50 years old or less and currently working in the Montreal area were examined. Spirometry was completed successfully in 214 workers without known asbestosis and 207 underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. Airway responsiveness was expressed as PC15, the concentration of methacholine causing a 15% fall in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Exposure to asbestos and synthetic mineral fibre dust was estimated from the total hours of work in the trade since first employment. After the effect of age, height, and pack years of smoking had been taken into account, no relation was found between hours of work and any indices obtained from the forced expiratory manoeuvre (FEV1/FVC, MMF). After the effect of airway calibre (FEV1/FVC), age, and pack years of cigarette consumption had been taken into account, airway responsiveness decreased as the total hours of work in the trade increased. These findings suggest that workers with greater levels of airway responsiveness are more sensitive to exposure in a dusty workplace and in consequence are less likely to continue. In studies of workforces a survivor effect of this nature will tend to weaken the relation between lung function abnormality and occupational exposure.
Genitourinary tuberculosis: study of 20 patients.
Authors: P O'Boyle, J G Gow
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In the past year 20 new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis were referred for treatment at Wrightington Hospital. Many of these patients had waited a long time between diagnosis and referral and the start of effective treatment. We suggest that a new short course of chemotherapy should be used, and surgery undertaken during the first three months of treatment, but after the patient has had at least four weeks9 drug treatment. After chemotherapy follow-up may be reduced to two years. Genitourinary tuberculosis remains a serious disease and should be managed by a urologist.
The cicatrix: a case of woven intrigue
Authors: K. T. Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Sydney's Harbour and cobalt sky, like a siren to ancient mariners, worked its charms this afternoon, January 19, 1988.Within a week's time the First Fleet Reenactment Voyage would be arriving.The venture began in Portsmouth on April 30, 1987, and followed the course of the first vessels, such as the naval flagship HMS Sirius and convict transporter Alexander.Ports of call included Rio de Janiero and Capetown and finally New South Wales.This was the premier event in Australia's bicentennial celebration.In the Harbour today, sailboats negotiated available winds as they drifted along the coastline admiring whorled wrought iron balconies to honey-colored stone homes that overlooked the bay.Against the skyline, Sydney's Opera House seemed an expected clipper ship.Resident in internal medicine, Nicole Johnson, had joined in the rites of summer.As she frolicked about with her dinghy, she reflected on her recent tenure in the Coronary Care Unit and many mysteries she encountered.There was Mrs. D., a 72-year-old convalescing from an acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI).Intravenous streptokinase had been given within hours of chest pain raising hopes that myocardium had been salvaged, After all, 'time was muscle.'On day 3, however, and without warning, Mrs. D. suddenly deteriorated.Advanced atrioventricular block gave way to electromechanical dissociation and resuscitative efforts were futile.Autopsy revealed rupture of the infarcted myocardium.Why had wound healing and cicatrization faltered?There were no mechanical reasons, including hypertension.Was this disruption in tissue similar to the necrosis and proteolytic havoc that appear as cavi-
Prospective study of the correlation between the development of liver fibrosis and hemodynamic changes in patients with HCV infection
Authors: A. Elman, C. Degott, C. Denié, D. Valla, A. Gadano, S. Yang, F. Vachiéry, P. Sogni, R. Moreau, S. Erlinger, D. Lebrec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Mice mutant for Egfr and Shp2 have defective cardiac semilunar valvulogenesis
Authors: Binbin Chen, Roderick T. Bronson, Lori D. Klaman, Thomas G. Hampton, Ju-feng Wang, Patricia J. Green, Terry Magnuson, Pamela S. Douglas, James P. Morgan, Benjamin G. Neel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
TCT-475 Is the Prevalence of Stent Fracture in MULTI-LINK VISION Everolimus-Eluting Stents Different from Bare Metal MULTI-LINK VISION Stents?
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kenichi Sakakura, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Robert Kutys, Elena Ladich, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction
Authors: ROBERT A. RATSHIN, CHARLES E. RACKLEY, RICHARD O. RUSSELL
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Twenty-two patients with shock complicating myocardial infarction were studied hemodynamically and, despite pharmacologic therapy and regulation of intravascular volume, 16 (73%) subsequently expired. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was &gt; 15 mm Hg in 18 of the 22 patients, and cardiac index (CI) was ≤2.3 liters/min/m 2 in 17 of 22 patients. Fourteen of the 18 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP &gt; 15 mm Hg expired, while two of the four patients with a PAEDP or LVEDP &lt; 15 mm Hg survived. Thirteen of 15 individuals with a CI &lt; 2.3 liters/min/m 2 died, and four of seven with a CI ≤ 2.3 liters/min/m 2 survived. A ventricular gallop (S 3 ) was audible in 15 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP varying from 13 to 60 mm Hg. In 11 patients with an S 3 who expired, the PAEDP or LVEDP ranged from 22 to 60 mm Hg. Mean peripheral vascular resistance was 41.3 units in survivors and 67.8 units in nonsurvivors. Six of eight patients who did not survive the period of hospitalization had a depressed response to dextran infusion manifested by a greater increase in PAEDP or LVEDP than in CI. Hemodynamic evaluation permitted early identification of measurements associated with 100% mortality despite intensive medical treatment. These findings included: (1) PAEDP or LVEDP &gt; 28 mm Hg and (2) PAEDP or LVEDP &gt; 15 mm Hg in association with a CI &lt; 2.3 liters/min/m 2 . Patients in cardiogenic shock with these hemodynamic alterations are presumably candidates for cardiocirculatory mechanical assisting devices and possibly for further surgical intervention.
The Great Crusade (or Will the Real Pyelonephritis Please Stand Up)
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

There was a time in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century when nephrologists led a crusade to enshrine pyelonephritis as their fiercest and most destructive god. Led by a gentle though dedicated saint, they swept all opposition before them with frightening phrases like "20% of the population," "leading cause of uremia," "important cause of hypertension, premature labor, preeclampsia and baldness." Heretics, particularly among the urologists, were diligently hunted and properly humbled for keeping their hats on in the presence of the pyelonephritologists. Those caught with catheters in their hands were forced to run the gauntlet midst jeering medical students. Worse punishments were dealt to the skeptics, ie, those who wondered if bacilluria should really be treated for six months or more. The Great Kidney in the sky was sorely vexed at these follies and sent down among his children a warrior named KIM-EL-STEEL (whom he had
The Association Between Duration of Breastfeeding and Adult Intelligence
Authors: Erik Lykke Mortensen
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextA number of studies suggest a positive association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in early and middle childhood. However, the only previous study that investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and intelligence in adults had several methodological shortcomings.ObjectiveTo determine the association between duration of infant breastfeeding and intelligence in young adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective longitudinal birth cohort study conducted in a sample of 973 men and women and a sample of 2280 men, all of whom were born in Copenhagen, Denmark, between October 1959 and December 1961. The samples were divided into 5 categories based on duration of breastfeeding, as assessed by physician interview with mothers at a 1-year examination.Main Outcome MeasuresIntelligence, assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) at a mean age of 27.2 years in the mixed-sex sample and the Børge Priens Prøve (BPP) test at a mean age of 18.7 years in the all-male sample. Thirteen potential confounders were included as covariates: parental social status and education; single mother status; mother's height, age, and weight gain during pregnancy and cigarette consumption during the third trimester; number of pregnancies; estimated gestational age; birth weight; birth length; and indexes of pregnancy and delivery complications.ResultsDuration of breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale WAIS IQs. With regression adjustment for potential confounding factors, the mean Full Scale WAIS IQs were 99.4, 101.7, 102.3, 106.0, and 104.0 for breastfeeding durations of less than 1 month, 2 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months, and more than 9 months, respectively (P = .003 for overall F test). The corresponding mean scores on the BPP were 38.0, 39.2, 39.9, 40.1, and 40.1 (P = .01 for overall F test).ConclusionIndependent of a wide range of possible confounding factors, a significant positive association between duration of breastfeeding and intelligence was observed in 2 independent samples of young adults, assessed with 2 different intelligence tests.
Lung Trauma
Authors: Warren Zeph Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

INJURIES of the thorax and thoracic viscera have become a common problem in emergency-room practice, particularly when the hospital is located in regions where high-speed highway travel has developed. The prediction of a greater incidence of these injuries throughout the country as the express-highway systems enlarge cannot be denied. Accordingly, surgeons should be aware of the great advances in management developed by the wide experience of Samson and Burford,1 Sanger2 , 3 and Elkin4 and the more recent assessment of knowledge gained in the Korean War.5 The application of these principles in management is attended by gratifying and uncomplicated recovery in a . . .
Authors' reply to Ward
Authors: H. Van Brabandt, M. Neyt, C. Devos
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Ward contends that our review of clinical trial evidence is “largely out of date.”1 2 No more than 10 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drugs have been published. All of them are listed in our table. Only seven of them were considered in the most recent Cochrane review because its literature search ended …
Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Reza Wakili, Niels Voigt, Stefan Kääb, Dobromir Dobrev, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.
Pleural aspergillosis in a 14 year old boy.
Authors: M C Kearon, J T Power, A E Wood, L J Clancy
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Pleural aspergillosis is rare, usually occurring in seriously ill adults against a background of tuberculosis and chronic bronchopleural fistulas.'We present a case occurring in a child that differs in many respects from previously reported cases. Case reportA 14 year old boy complained of malaise, anorexia, a dry cough, and right sided chest discomfort of three weeks' duration.He was referred for a chest radiograph, which showed a large right sided hydropneumothorax with cav- itation at the apex of the right lung.The chest radiograph taken after insertion of a chest drain is shown in figure 1.He had been in good health until aged 11 years, when two weeks after BCG vaccination he was admitted to hospital with a severe right sided pneumonia with associated cavitation, ab- scess formation, and a small pleural effusion.At that time routine cultures, Ziehl-Neelsen stains, and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative.A presumptive diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia was made and he responded to ampicillin and cloxacillin; pleural intubation was not performed.His sweat sodium concentration was normal.He was well during the next 18 months, serial radiographs showing residual pneumatocoeles in the right upper lobe and apical segment of the right lower lobe.During the next two years, after discharge from regular attendance at the paediatric clinic, he had remained reasonably well.On examination he was thin and pale, but afebrile and in no acute distress.His trachea was deviated to the left and there was stony dullness on percussion over the right mid and lower chest zones.General examination revealed no other abnormality.The haemoglobin concentration was 13 g/dl and the white cell count 7-4 x 109/l with a normal differential count.A Mantoux test gave a strongly positive reaction at 1 TU strength.Fluid removed by pleural aspiration was cloudy, cytological examination showing 85% polymorphonuclear leucocytes and no malignant cells.The protein concentration was 36 g/l.Gram stains, Ziehl-Neelsen stains, and cultures for pyogenic organisms and for M tuberculosis from various sites were repeatedly negative.Closed pleural biopsy showed histiocytes but no granu- lomas, fungi, or acid fast bacilli.No fungal elements were
Focusing to Achieve a World Without AIDS
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci, Hilary D. Marston
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trends in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Benjamin A. Steinberg, Xin Zhao, Paul A. Heidenreich, Eric D. Peterson, Deepak L. Bhatt, Christopher P. Cannon, Adrian F. Hernandez, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF) is a common syndrome, but trends in treatments and outcomes are lacking. Methods and Results— We analyzed data from 275 hospitals in Get With the Guidelines–Heart Failure from January 2005 to October 2010. Patients were stratified by EF as reduced EF (EF &lt;40% [HF–reduced EF]), borderline EF (40%≤EF&lt;50% [HF–borderline EF]), or preserved (EF ≥50% [HF–preserved EF]). Using multivariable models, we examined trends in therapies and outcomes. Among 110 621 patients, 50% (55 083) had HF–reduced EF, 14% (15 184) had HF–borderline EF, and 36% (40 354) had HF–preserved EF. From 2005 to 2010, the proportion of hospitalizations for HF–preserved EF increased from 33% to 39% ( P &lt;0.0001). In multivariable analyses, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers at discharge decreased in all EF groups, and β-blocker use increased. Patients with HF–preserved EF less frequently achieved blood pressure control (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44 versus HF–reduced EF; P &lt;0.001) and were more likely discharged to skilled nursing (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 versus HF–reduced EF; P &lt;0.001). In-hospital mortality for HF–preserved EF decreased from 3.32% in 2005 to 2.35% in 2010 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89 per year; P =0.01) but was stable for patients with HF–reduced EF (3.03%–2.83%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 per year; P =0.10). Conclusions— Hospitalization for HF–preserved EF is increasing relative to HF–reduced EF. Although in-hospital mortality for patients with HF–preserved EF declined over the study period, an important opportunity remains for identifying evidence-based therapies in patients with HF–preserved EF.
Mechanisms of action of okadaic acid class tumor promoters on mouse skin.
Authors: H Fujiki, M Suganuma, S Yoshizawa, S Nishiwaki, B Winyar, T Sugimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (35-methylokadaic acid), and calyculin A are the okadaic acid class of non-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-type tumor promoters, which do not bind to the phorbol ester receptors in cell membranes or activate protein kinase C in vitro. They have potent tumor-promoting activities on mouse skin, as strong as TPA-type tumor promoters, such as TPA, teleocidin, and aplysiatoxin. DNA samples isolated from tumors induced by dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene and each of the okadaic acid class tumor promoters had the same mutation at the second nucleotide of codon 61 (CAA to CTA) in the c-H-ras gene. Okadaic acid receptors, protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, are present in the particulate as well as cytosolic fractions of various mouse tissues. The apparent "activation" of protein kinases by the okadaic acid class tumor promoters, after their incubation with 32P-ATP, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases, was observed. This activation was caused by inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A by the okadaic acid class tumor promoters. Treatment of primary human fibroblasts and human keratinocytes with the okadaic acid class tumor promoters induced the hyperphosphorylation of a 60-kDa protein in nuclear and cytosolic fractions, due to the inhibition of protein phosphatases. The 60-kDa protein is a proteolytic fragment of nucleolin, a major nonhistone protein and is designated as "N-60." The mechanisms of action of the okadaic acid class tumor promoters are discussed with emphasis on the inhibition of protein phosphatase activity.
Indian film-maker tackles hypochondriasis
Authors: Sanjit Bagchi
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A film currently showing in India deals with an often ignored but growing health issue in the country—hypochondriasis. Shaadi se Pehle (which means “before the marriage” in Hindi) depicts the havoc that the condition can cause in the life of a successful businessman. Aashish Kapoor (elegantly played by Indian actor Akshaye Khanna) is a talented advertising executive, well known for coming up with creative ideas at the agency where he works. But, despite doing so well professionally, he constantly feels unwell even though he has no obvious illness. His hypochondriasis and constant concerns about his …