tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fracture Incidence in Relation to the Pattern of Use of Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Emily Banks
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Evidence is limited on the effects of different patterns of use of postmenopausal hormone therapy on fracture incidence and particularly on the effects of ceasing use.To investigate the effect of different patterns of hormone therapy use on fracture incidence.Prospective study of 138,737 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 69 years recruited from the UK general population in 1996-1998 (the Million Women Study) and followed up for 1.9 to 3.9 years (average, 2.8 years) for fracture incidence.Adjusted relative risk (RR) for incident fracture (except fracture of the fingers, toes, and ribs) in hormone therapy users compared with never users at baseline.A total of 5197 women (3.7%) reported 1 or more fractures, 79% resulting from falls. Current users of hormone therapy at baseline had a significantly reduced incidence of fracture (RR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.66; P<.001). This protection was evident soon after hormone therapy began, and the RR decreased with increasing duration of use (P =.001). Among current users at baseline the RR of fracture did not vary significantly according to whether estrogen-only, estrogen-progestin, or other types of hormones were used (RR [95% CI], 0.64 [0.58-0.71], 0.58 [0.53-0.64], and 0.67 [0.56-0.80], respectively; P =.19), nor did it vary significantly according to estrogen dose or estrogen or progestin constituents. The RR associated with current use of hormone therapy did not vary significantly according to 11 personal characteristics of study participants, including their age at menopause, body mass index, and physical activity. Past users of hormone therapy at baseline experienced no significant protection against fractures (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.99-1.15); incidence rates returned to those of never-users within about a year of ceasing use.All types of hormone therapy studied confer substantial protection against fracture while they are used. This protection appears rapidly after use commences and wears off rapidly after use ceases. The older women are, the greater is their absolute reduction in fracture incidence while using hormone therapy.
Comparative double-blind study of cephalexin and co-trimoxazole in urinary tract infections.
Authors: P E Gower, P R Tasker
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Treatment with cephalexin 1 g twiec daily and cotrimoxazole 2 tablets twice daily was compared in a double-blind, randomised study of 100 women with urinary tract infections. CO-trimoxazole gave a significantly higher cure rate compared with cephalexin two and six weeks after the one-week course of treatment. The higher failure rate with cephalexin was not related to the age of the patient, presentation, pyelographic appearances, or type of organism in the initial infection. Among the failures all but one of the organisms were sensitive to cephalexin. With the dosage regimen and duration of treatment used in this study cotrimoxazole appears to be superior to cephalexin in the management of acute urinary infections.
Associations among gender, race, and age on allergen sensitivity in patients with objectively diagnosed asthma recruited into Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) protocols
Authors: T.J. Craig, V. Chinchilli, E. Lehman, R. Zimmerman, R. Lemanske, H. Boushey, G. Pesola
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Film: Two minutes to change minds
Authors: J. Roach
Journal: BMJ (2000)

1 in 4 , two minute trailer showing at Warner cinemas, October to December Directed by John Selby

A naked man is curled up, holding himself, in the corner of an empty room. The atmosphere is bleak—a stark wooden floor, bare walls, and a melancholy piano score courtesy of Michael Nyman.

Is this a new art house movie? Far from it. In attempting to combat the stigmatisation of people with mental illness, the Royal College of Psychiatrists is launching a two minute trailer to be shown in Warner Village cinemas from the end of October to December. Its title, 1 in 4 , reinforces the message that any of us can suffer from mental health problems. The film will appear in English cinemas, at the Warner Brothers cinema in Inverness, and at the 45th Film Festival in Cork.

The college has chosen film as the medium for its message because it wants to target young people. Its recent survey of public attitudes …
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
Authors: Lee Sataline
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS) are common problems, and I am impressed by the frequent association of the two disorders in the same patient. As many of the symptoms and complaints of the two syndromes are similar, it is often impossible to discern which of the two maladies is responsible. For example, complaints of chest discomfort, dysphagia, and globus (hystericus) are common in both IBS and MVPS. While in IBS these symptoms might be attributed to esophageal motor dysfunction, the causes in MVPS remain to be clarified. I have seen two patients with echographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse and complaints of chest pain who were also found to have high-amplitude contractions with chest discomfort during esophageal manometry. It might prove helpful if more esophageal studies were performed on those patients with MVPS having recurrent episodes of chest pain.  Anxiety, panic
Thomas Campion (1567–1620)
Authors: H. E. Shister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THOMAS Campion (or Campian) — physician, poet and composer — was well known and esteemed during his lifetime, but shortly after his death his work fell into complete oblivion for almost three hundred years. It was only toward the end of the nineteenth century that A. H. Bullen, a distinguished scholar of Elizabethan literature, re-established Campion to his well merited position. A complete edition of the poet's works by Percival Vivian appeared in 1909. It was his meticulous research that clarified many biographic points and succeeded in presenting a well balanced appreciation of this outstanding personality.Campion was born in . . .
A human Mix-like homeobox gene MIXL shows functional similarity to Xenopus Mix.1
Authors: Wei Guo, Agnes Pui-yee Chan, Hong Liang, Eric D. Wieder, Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Laurence D. Etkin, Lalitha Nagarajan
Journal: Blood (2002)

Abstract Molecular events involved in specification of early hematopoietic system are not well known. In Xenopus, a paired-box homeodomain family (Mix.1-4) has been implicated in this process. Although Mix-like homeobox genes have been isolated from chicken (CMIX) and mice (Mml/MIXL1), isolation of a human Mix-like gene has remained elusive. We have recently isolated and characterized a novel human Mix-like homeobox gene with a predicted open reading frame of 232 amino acids designated the Mix.1 homeobox (Xenopus laevis)–like gene (MIXL). The overall identity of this novel protein to CMIX and Mml/MIXL1 is 41% and 69%, respectively. However, the identity in the homeodomain is 66% to that of Xenopus Mix.1, 79% to that of CMIX, and 94% to that of Mml/MIXL1. In normal hematopoiesis, MIXL expression appears to be restricted to immature B- and T-lymphoid cells. Several acute leukemic cell lines of B, T, and myeloid lineage express MIXL suggesting a survival/block in differentiation advantage. Furthermore, Xenopus animal cap assay revealed that MIXL could induce expression of the α-globin gene, suggesting a functional conservation of the homeodomain. Isolation of theMIXL gene is the first step toward understanding novel regulatory circuits in early hematopoietic differentiation and malignant transformation.
Inheritance of Essential Pentosuria
Authors: P. D. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1960)

PROGRESSIVE HEMIATROPHYwas no objective change.She remained pleased to have had the partial Gasserian neurectomy. DicussonHemiatrophy of the body is usually facial, and not always progressive and unilateral.Like other hereditary degenerations, most cases begin near adolescence.Wartenberg (1945) reviewed the subject thoroughly.The present case has the typical features of onset at puberty, scleroderma, fits, trigeminal neuralgia, muscular spasms, sweats, and slow progression.There is no evidence of involvement of the internal organs in the hemiatrophy.The E.E.G. showed no evidence of epilepsy.The findings on myography are not clear.Possibly there may be a cord lesion on the right, and there is no evidence of an upper motor neurone lesion affecting the muscles of the left side.Cases in which this occurs have been described by Brain (1955), Reider and Player (1946), and Wartenberg (1945), who quoted several other instances.The operative results suggest that the cause of the trigeminal neuralgia was peripheral.The segment of scleroderma on the opposite side of
The State of Psychotherapy in British Psychiatry
Authors: HENRY V. DICKS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Defining psychotherapy broadly as "a way of handling the experience of illness" in which the therapist's personality becomes part of the healing process, the author traces its course in the history of British psychiatry. He points out that, although the older, organically oriented hospital psychiatry still occupies a formal position of strength, the National Health Service has prompted the evolution of a general dynamic approach to the treatment of the mentally ill, encompassing several of the previously isolated "camps" in psychiatry.
A prospective evaluation of degranulation assays in the rapid diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic syndromes
Authors: Yenan T. Bryceson, Daniela Pende, Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Heike Ufheil, Thomas Vraetz, Samuel C. Chiang, Stefania Marcenaro, Raffaella Meazza, Ilka Bondzio, Denise Walshe, Gritta Janka, Kai Lehmberg, Karin Beutel, Udo zur Stadt, Nadine Binder, Maurizio Arico, Lorenzo Moretta, Jan-Inge Henter, Stephan Ehl
Journal: Blood (2012)
553. A Potent Replicative Delta Adenoviral Vector for HPV Tumors
Authors: Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Irma A. Martinez-Davila, Rocio Ortiz-Lopez, Ramon Alemany-Bonastre, Christian I. Silva-Platas, Angel Lugo-Trampe, Hugo A. Barrera-Saldana, Augusto Rojas-Martinez
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Observations on THE ROLE OF EXCRETION UROGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE
Authors: H. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1933)

IMEDICAL IC10R\KALcalyces anid pelv\is.The pelvis also lhas a sheath of Observations plalnl muscle antd a rinig of circular muscle at the ox pelvi-ureteral jun1ctionl.In its turn the pelvis sililalrly THE ROLE OF EXCRETION UROGRAPHY IN fills until al certaini degree of distenlsion is reacleid.When peristalsis commences the pressuire cone at the pelvi-Tl-E DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE * ureteral julnlctioin relaxes anid the contents are discharged BY downl tLle uireter inlto the bladder, wlihre they are stored( in likc mlanIner anid ultimn.atelyvoided, the whole being, HENRY WVADE, C.
Whole Blood Gene Expression Profiles to Assess Pathogenesis and Disease Severity in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Asuncion Mejias, Blerta Dimo, Nicolas M. Suarez, Carla Garcia, M. Carmen Suarez-Arrabal, Tuomas Jartti, Derek Blankenship, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Monica I. Ardura, Zhaohui Xu, Jacques Banchereau, Damien Chaussabel, Octavio Ramilo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In this study, Mejias and colleagues found that specific blood RNA profiles of infants with RSV LRTI allowed for specific diagnosis, better understanding of disease pathogenesis, and better assessment of disease severity. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Calcium and magnesium transport by in situ mitochondria: electron probe analysis of vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: R Broderick, A P Somlyo
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The extent, time course, and reversibility of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake secondary to cellular Ca2+ influx stimulated by massive Na+ efflux were evaluated by electron probe microanalysis of rabbit portal vein smooth muscle. Strips of portal vein were Na+ loaded for 3 hours at 37 degrees C in a K+-free 1 mM ouabain solution, after which rapid Na+ efflux was induced by washing with a Na+-free K+-Li+ solution (1 mM ouabain). Li+ washing Na+-loaded portal vein produced a large transient contraction accompanied by an increase (over 100-fold) in mitochondrial Ca2+ and also significant (p less than 0.05) increases in phosphorus and Mg2+. The Ca2+ loading of the mitochondria was reversed during prolonged Li+ wash, and by 2 hours, mitochondrial Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphorus had returned to control levels. The maximal contractile response to stimulation remained normal, demonstrating that pathologic Ca2+ loading of mitochondria is reversible in situ and compatible with normal maximal force developed by the smooth muscle. Mitochondrial Ca2+ and phosphorus uptake were reduced but still significant when the Li+ wash contained 0.2 mM Ca2+ or when ouabain was omitted. The fact that mitochondrial Ca2+ loading accompanied submaximal contractions during 0.2 mM Ca2+-Li wash suggests "supranormal" affinity of mitochondria for Ca2+ and may be due, in part, to reverse operation of the mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. Mitochondrial Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphorus uptake were eliminated when the Li+ wash was performed at 2 degrees C or when the wash contained no Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Beyond the Clouds—Tobacco Smoking in China
Authors: Judith Mackay
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Two articles from China in this issue ofThe Journal<sup>1,2</sup>document that the effects of cigarette smoking on health know no boundaries; if Chinese men smoke like American men, they die like American men; if women smoke like men, they die like men. These studies dispel any lingering doubt that the tobacco epidemic in China might not be as serious as it is in the West. Unfortunately, substantial and rapidly increasing numbers of deaths from cigarette smoking in China now reflect the smoking habits of the last several decades. And the worst is yet to come. Speaking at the 10th World Conference on Tobacco or Health in Beijing, August 24 to 28, 1997, Peto revised his previous estimate of tobacco-attributable deaths in China from 0.5 million to about 0.7 million annually and increased his estimate for deaths in 2025 from 2 million to 3 million.<sup>3</sup> See also pp 1500
Yoo-Yoo's Disease
Authors: Howard R. Bierman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

DURING a visit some time ago to a distant metropolis, I was asked to see a fifty-five-year-old man whose diagnosis had puzzled many of the specialists who had seen him. The problem was indeed complex and involved, an obscure bone thickening, cutaneous eruption, hypertension, splenomegaly with a mild anemia and a normal bone marrow. After much study without a definitive diagnosis, the patient had been referred to another medical center, where he again underwent an intensive investigation. The results confirmed those obtained previously and failed to uncover any substantial recommendations, except for one item.After I had seen and examined . . .
The local treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with topical retinoic acid
Authors: A. M. P. JANSSEN DE LIMPENS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

In a clinical trial twenty-eight intractable cases with scars were treated with daily applications of a 0.05% solution of retinoic acid. The results were evaluated objectively and subjectively. Slight to marked reduction of the size of these scars and decrease of such complaints as itching were noted in the majority of the cases. A favourable result was obtained according to the patients in 79%, and according to the opinion of the medical examiner in 77% of the patients.
Failure to die
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A long time ago, as a locum senior house officer, I followed the senior consultant round the ward. One of his patients, a frail, eccentric woman in the last stages of dementia, had a serious chest infection. He frowned and pondered, warned us off antibiotics, said he would talk to the family, and told us that our remaining duties were to ensure “comfort, dignity, and peace at the last.”

The next time we went round our patient was looking very …
Personal stigma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review of prevalence rates, correlates, impact and interventions
Authors: Gabriel Gerlinger, Marta Hauser, Marc De Hert, Kathleen Lacluyse, Martien Wampers, Christoph U. Correll
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

A systematic electronic PubMed, Medline and Web of Science database search was conducted regarding the prevalence, correlates, and effects of personal stigma (i.e., perceived and experienced stigmatization and self-stigma) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Of 54 studies (n=5,871), published from 1994 to 2011, 23 (42.6%) reported on prevalence rates, and 44 (81.5%) reported on correlates and/or consequences of perceived or experienced stigmatization or self-stigma. Only two specific personal stigma intervention studies were found. On average, 64.5% (range: 45.0-80.0%) of patients perceived stigma, 55.9% (range: 22.5-96.0%) actually experienced stigma, and 49.2% (range: 27.9-77.0%) reported alienation (shame) as the most common aspect of self-stigma. While socio-demographic variables were only marginally associated with stigma, psychosocial variables, especially lower quality of life, showed overall significant correlations, and illness-related factors showed heterogeneous associations, except for social anxiety that was unequivocally associated with personal stigma. The prevalence and impact of personal stigma on individual outcomes among schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients are well characterized, yet measures and methods differ significantly. By contrast, research regarding the evolution of personal stigma through the illness course and, particularly, specific intervention studies, which should be conducted utilizing standardized methods and outcomes, are sorely lacking.
Altered left ventricular chamber stiffness and isovolumic relaxation in dogs with chronic pulmonary hypertension caused by emphysema.
Authors: A Gomez, H Unruh, S N Mink
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In chronic obstructive lung disease, a right to left ventricular septal shift that occurs as a consequence of right ventricular pressure overload is the usual mechanism given to explain a decrease in left ventricular (LV) diastolic performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which this mechanism could account for a decrease in LV diastolic function in a canine model in which pulmonary artery pressure was elevated to a level found in human disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Severe emphysema was produced in dogs by repeated instillations of the enzyme papain into the lung. To assess LV diastolic function, we used sonomicrometry, in which three pairs of subendocardial crystal transducers were implanted along the three orthogonal axes of the LV. LV end-diastolic dimensions and pressure-strain relations along the three axes, as well as the time constant of LV isovolumic relaxation (T), were measured before (baseline) and after 1 year of emphysema (post-1-year study). The results showed that after 1 year of pulmonary hypertension, LV pressure-strain relations were decreased along the septal-lateral and anterior-posterior axes, but a right to left ventricular septal shift was not detected. The relation of average midwall circumferential stress to midwall circumferential strain was used to describe the intrinsic compliance of the LV. The results showed that myocardial stiffness increased in emphysema but that chamber volume was not reduced. At the post-1-year study, T was abnormally increased in the emphysema group in response to augmented preload and afterload compared with preemphysema measurements. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mechanisms other than ventricular interdependence may be operative in leading to altered LV diastolic filling in chronic emphysema.
Abstract 1840: P53 codon 72 SNP (R72P) and prostate cancer risk
Authors: Anja Rogler, Michael Rogenhofer, Andrea Tannapfel, Albert Borchardt, Jens-Claudio Lunz, Ferdinand Hofstädter, Arndt Hartmann, Robert Stoehr
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aims: The tumor suppressor p53 plays a major role in stress responses of the cell and modulates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The p53 R72P SNP (G/C) was found to be associated with increased risk of various malignancies. However, for prostate cancer only limited data are available, especially in Caucasian population. We therefore analysed the distribution of the R72P SNP in male Caucasian prostate cancer patients and a healthy control group. Methods: Peripheral blood or normal prostate tissue from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used for DNA isolation. Allelic variants of p53 Codon 72 SNP were determined using RFLP analysis. Overall, 194 male patients without any malignancy (mean age 67,3 ±10,6, range 34-88) and 118 male consecutive prostate cancer patients (mean age 64,2 ±6,0, range 46-74) were investigated. Results: The distribution of the p53 R72P SNP did not differ significantly between prostate cancer patients and the control group (Cases GG 55.1%, GC 37.3%, CC 7.6%; Controls GG 53.6%, GC 40.7%, CC 5.7%). There was also no association between the allelic variants and Gleason score (Gleason sum &amp;lt; 7 GG 61.2%, GC 32.7%, CC 6.1%; Gleason sum ≥ 7 GG 53.3%, GC 38.3%, CC 8.3%). Significant difference in the distribution of the R72P SNP regarding onset of the disease was found (p=0,035), showing increased frequency of the proline variant in younger patients (Age ≤ 60 GG 37%, GC 3.7%, CC 59.3%; Age &amp;gt; 60 GG 60.7%, GC 8.3%, CC 31%). Regarding recurrence, a trend towards increase of the G-allele was found in patients with early recurrence (Cases with recurrence GG 81.3%, GC + CC 18.7%, Cases with recurrence GG 50%, GC + CC 50%, p=0.039). Conclusions: The overall risk of prostate cancer is not associated with R72P SNP. However, disease onset might be modulated by the p53 variant allele suggesting an important role of apoptosis regulation in prostate carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1840.