tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health services in China face enormous challenge after earthquake
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Google, the search engine giant, has launched Google Health, a free service for patients offering a personal electronic medical record (www.google.com/health).But the move has prompted fears over the security of health information stored in this way.President George Bush has promoted electronic health records as a means of reducing medical errors and cutting the costs of health care in the United States.But uptake has so far been slow.The new Google service will compete with similar services offered by other commercial internet health services, such as WebMD.Electronic medical histories are also stored by major health insurance companies.An individual will be able to create an account, protected by a password, and enter personal medical records, either by keying them in or by importing electronic records from hospitals, laboratories, and pharmacies that are Google Health partners.When new information is added the service will check for potential interactions between drugs, allergies, and conditions.Patients can also search for doctors by specialty or location and for hospitals, and they can permit their doctors or others to see their medical information and add to it.The New York Times reported that the service was popular when tested among patients at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio earlier this year (www.nytimes.com,20 May, "Google offers personal health records on the web").The system allowed clinic patients to add information when they saw doctors who were not affiliated with the clinic, said Martin Harris, the clinic's chief information officer.But Pamela Hartzband and Jerome Groopman, both from Harvard University, complained in the New England Journal of Medicine in April (2008;358:1656-8) that electronic health records have led to a sea of results being pasted from previous records, instead of being focused and selective.Furthermore, they said that electronic records have "become a powerful vehicle for per-Fears over security as Google launches free electronic health records service for patients UK NEWS Finding a solution to hospital associated infections, p 1210 World NEWS Italian police arrest drug officials over alleged falsification of data, p 1208 bmj.com
Drug Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Only three years after the first edition of this book appeared, another edition is at hand. This serves as testimony to the rapid developments in rheumatology, specifically in the areas of drug treatment of rheumatic diseases. The book discusses in brief but more than adequate fashion the various drugs now available in England, which include almost all of those available in the United States and many more that are only on the horizon here. It describes some sensible approaches to pain and the treatment thereof, and the kind of planning necessary to decide what one aims for before administering any specific drugs. For this section on clinical pharmacology, the editor, venerable for his long identification with therapeutics if not for his years (this book again shows him as always youthful), has had the collaboration of Dr Edward Huskisson, equally well known internationally as an exponent of contemporary drug therapy. Dr
Don't say the W word
Authors: N. Young
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Having been admitted to hospital with a deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism for the second time in a couple of years, I was feeling a little discouraged about my immediate future. One thing that started to bother me was the realisation that I had made no will: I had the idea that for me to die intestate would cause all sorts of horrible complications for my wife.

So, trying to find a practical solution to what seemed to me to be a worrying problem, I jotted down what sounded like a reasonable, basic will in the back of a paperback book and asked the patient in the next bed to witness it. (Apparently just one witness signature is not enough, so my will would not have worked anyway, but I did not know this at the time.) …
Treatment of Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease
Authors: John A. Bittl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

If the treatment of renal-artery stenoses can improve blood pressure and renal function,1 why have clinical trials of renal-artery stenting failed to reduce the rates of renal and cardiovascular events?24 The answer is found by examining the design and results of the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) trial, now reported in the Journal, 4 which concludes that implanting stents for moderately severe obstructive renovascular disease is no better than medical therapy alone in preventing the primary end point of death from cardiovascular or renal causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, progression of renal failure, or the . . .
1061-93 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induced mobilization and intra-coronary infusion of mobilized whole leukocyte is a feasible, safe method of stem cell transplantation in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Hyun-Jae Kang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hyun-Jai Cho, Bon-kuen Koo, Yong-Jin Kim, Dae-Won Sohn, Byung-Hee Oh, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Bae Park, Yun-Shik Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Mentally ill prisoners continue to face death penalty in Japan, says Amnesty
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The human rights group Amnesty International has called for an end to the use of the death penalty in Japan, where prisoners sentenced to death who are mentally ill continue to be executed, in contravention of international law.

Professional medical bodies are also being asked to state their opposition to doctors and nurses participating in capital punishment. Instead they should demand good health care for prisoners, says the report.

The harsh conditions in Japanese prisons have led to many inmates developing mental illness, says Amnesty, which conducted a four month investigation into the extent to which mental health is taken into account in the use of the death penalty in the …
Stimulant Medications in Tourette's Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Donald J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Use of stimulant medica tion in the treatment of ADD in children should be in the context of an intervention strategy that often includes other modalities (such as parent guidance, behavior modification, special education, and psychotherapy). At present, there is no method for predicting which child will benefit from administration of stimulants, and a carefully monitored clinical "trial" may be warranted. However, stimulants are not without risk, and should not be used with all hyperactive children. For example, some severe disorders in children, such as autism, may worsen dramatically with only one or several doses, and continued use of stimulants may be catastrophic. The patients we described with Tourette's syndrome precipitated by stimulants, and others we have studied subsequently, received medication in the usual therapeutic range (eg, 15 to 60 mg/day of methylphenidate
Application of Diethyl Ether to Herpes Simplex Lesions
Authors: H. D. Mintun
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  For many years, I have used an excellent, practical, safe solution to the problem of the application of diethyl ether to herpes simplex lesions (238:1631, 1977) and have had no complaints from patients concerning the safety of the following method.  I advise them to purchase an aerosol container of engine-starting fluid and warn them as to the directions on the container about its explosive nature. Inasmuch as this product has been used by millions of people over the years, including myself for other purposes, the safety rules concerning its use are well documented.  The instructions to the patient concerning application to the herpes lesions involves early detection of the recurrence by means of the pain that exists. This always precedes the emergence of the lesions. At this time, the patient takes a cotton-tipped applicator, places it at the orifice in the head of the aerosol can, releases
DISC1 Regulates New Neuron Development in the Adult Brain via Modulation of AKT-mTOR Signaling through KIAA1212
Authors: Ju Young Kim, Xin Duan, Cindy Y. Liu, Mi Hyeon Jang, Junjie U. Guo, Nattapol Pow-anpongkul, Eunchai Kang, Hongjun Song, Guo li Ming
Journal: Neuron (2009)
More Voices Join Medicine in Expressing Concern Over Amount, Content of What Children See on TV
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

VICTOR STRASBURGER, MD, who heads an adolescent medicine division, tells about running into the maker of one of the sexiest music videos he'd ever seen. Strasburger commented that he couldn't understand why the man had made such a film, and the filmmaker replied that now he didn't understand it either. Why the change of heart since making it? He now has a daughter. Like the filmmaker, many parents are concerned about what their children watch on television. That concern continues to be shared by medical organizations and increasingly is coming to the attention of lawmakers. <h3>1988-1989 "Season"</h3> There is little question, as a "new television season" begins, that this medium is a pervasive influence in the lives of children today. By age 15 years, most youngsters will have spent more hours in front of a television set than in school. They will have spent more hours on only one other
Alimentary Lipaemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease and in Controls
Authors: D. W. Barritt
Journal: BMJ (1956)

IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIAIn the post-natal group the daily haemoglobin rise was fairly equal with all three methods, and was more than one would expect with the dosage given, a matter at present under investigation.It will be seen that treatment with oral iron is as satisfactory as by the other two methods, and this method can be used in all cases of iron-deficiency anaemia in the puerperium in the expectation of a good and rapid response.Intramuscular Iron Therapy Altogether 208 patients were treated with intramuscular iron.In the first 135 cases serum iron levels were estimated immediately before and 18 and 48 hours after the first injection of 100 g.The results are shown in Table II.TABLE II.-Serum Iron Levels (Jg.! 100 ml.)Time After First No. of Injection of Imferon Cases -_ 0 Hours 18 Hours 48 Hours Anaemia of pregnancy ..
Hand and Forearm Tc-99m HMDP Bone Image Findings of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Similar to Those of Radiopharmaceutical Arterial Administration in the Arm
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, CALIXTO PULMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A patient with a four year history of right shoulder pain was referred for a bone scan. His chest CT scan showed a calcified mass lesion in the posterior aspect of the right lung, involving the right fourth rib posteriorly. The Tc-99m HMDP showed diffuse uptake in the soft tissue of the right forearm and the right hand, as well as the elbow, wrist, proximal half of the right ulnar, and two-thirds of the right radius and bones of the hands, consistent with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). These findings are almost identical to those of the patient who received arterial administration of the bone-imaging agent into a brachial artery. In the RSD patient, the shoulder pain probably related to erosion of the fourth rib by the tumor mass. This may produce neurovascular flush—vascular dilatation and permeability—and sympathetic nervous system effect on the microcirculation within the bone and joint to open closed vessels. The end result would be identical to those effects in brachial arterial administration, to allow more radiopharmaceutical uptake in the bones and joints distal to the elbow.
Anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women (IBIS-II): an international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jack Cuzick, Ivana Sestak, John F Forbes, Mitch Dowsett, Jill Knox, Simon Cawthorn, Christobel Saunders, Nicola Roche, Robert E Mansel, Gunter von Minckwitz, Bernardo Bonanni, Tiina Palva, Anthony Howell
Journal: The Lancet (2013)

Background Aromatase inhibitors eff ectively prevent breast cancer recurrence and development of new contralateral tumours in postmenopausal women.We assessed the effi cacy and safety of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who are at high risk of the disease.Methods Between Feb 2, 2003, and Jan 31, 2012, we recruited postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years from 18 countries into an international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.To be eligible, women had to be at increased risk of breast cancer (judged on the basis of specifi c criteria).Eligible women were randomly assigned (1:1) by central computer allocation to receive 1 mg oral anastrozole or matching placebo every day for 5 years.Randomisation was stratifi ed by country and was done with blocks (size six, eight, or ten).All trial personnel, participants, and clinicians were masked to treatment allocation; only the trial statistician was unmasked.The primary endpoint was histologically confi rmed breast cancer (invasive cancers or non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ).Analyses were done by intention to treat.This trial is registered, number ISRCTN31488319.Findings 1920 women were randomly assigned to receive anastrozole and 1944 to placebo.After a median follow-up of 5•0 years (IQR 3•0-7•1), 40 women in the anastrozole group (2%) and 85 in the placebo group (4%) had developed breast cancer (hazard ratio 0•47, 95% CI 0•32-0•68, p<0•0001).The predicted cumulative incidence of all breast cancers after 7 years was 5•6% in the placebo group and 2•8% in the anastrozole group.18 deaths were reported in the anastrozole group and 17 in the placebo group, and no specifi c causes were more common in one group than the other (p=0•836).Interpretation Anastrozole eff ectively reduces incidence of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women.This fi nding, along with the fact that most of the side-eff ects associated with oestrogen deprivation were not attributable to treatment, provides support for the use of anastrozole in postmenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer.
Abstract 1737: Co-existence of positive <i>MET</i> FISH status with <i>EGFR</i> mutations signifies poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Naomi Kobayashi, Naoko Aragane, Tomomi Nakamura, Akemi Sato, Yuji Takeda, Masahiro Mitsuoka, Fumio Yamasaki, Shinichiro Hayashi, Eisaburo Sueoka, Shinya Kimura
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MET, which is located in 7q31, is a receptor tyrosine kinase for hepatocyte growth factor. Overexpression of MET has been reported in various malignancies and is associated with cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and metastasis. MET amplification has been reported to contribute to acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), being observed among 5-10% of those patients. Therefore, MET gene alterations could be both prognostic and predictive. To evaluate MET gene copy number, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time PCR, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have been used. The results of real-time PCR do not directly reflect cancer cells. CGH is not suitable for the evaluation of a large number of specimens due to cost. Therefore, FISH is the most practical method for evaluation of MET gene copy number. However, the frequency of positive cases varies due to a lack of standardized criteria. We evaluated MET gene copy number in lung adenocarcinoma and its association with clinicopathological characteristics. FISH was applied to evaluate high MET gene copy number and true amplification in 138 lung adenocarcinoma patients using two criteria: the Cappuzzo scoring system and PathVysion. MET positive cases according to the Cappuzzo scoring system evidenced both aneuploidy and true amplification, whereas PathVysion revealed only amplification. Proportion of MET FISH positive cases was 15% and 4% determined by the Cappuzzo system and PathVysion, respectively. PathVysion demonstrated higher frequencies of MET FISH positives among men and smokers and evidenced no MET FISH positives in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, which is recognized as pure lepidic growth without invasion of stroma, blood vessels, or pleura. Prognosis was significantly associated with MET FISH positive only as defined by the PathVysion system (gene amplification), not by the Cappuzzo system. However, progression-free survival time of patients with both EGFR mutations and MET FISH positive defined by the Cappuzzo scoring system was significantly shorter than with EGFR mutations alone. These results suggest that MET FISH is a potential prognostic factor and co-existence of EGFR mutation and MET FISH positive status evidences poorer prognosis compared to EGFR mutation alone, which is consistent with the results of in vitro experiments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1737. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1737
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Katherine M.W. Pisters, Thierry Le Chevalier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Surgery alone has long been the standard treatment for patients with operable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite complete resection, 5-year survival rates have been disappointing, with about 50% of patients eventually suffering relapse and death from disease. Randomized trials conducted in the 1980s hinted at a survival benefit for postoperative cisplatin-based regimens, but they were underpowered. A meta-analysis published in 1995 found a nonsignificant 13% reduction in the risk of death associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with an increase of survival of 5% at 5 years. This led to renewed interest in adjuvant chemotherapy in resected NSCLC. Thousands of patients have been included in a new generation of randomized trials in the last 10 years. Most of these recent studies have now been reported and several have demonstrated a clear survival advantage for patients treated with platin-based adjuvant therapy. These results also suggest a greater benefit with modern two-drug regimens. In view of the most recent data, postoperative platin-based chemotherapy can now be considered the standard of care for completely resected NSCLC patients with good performance status.
Ventricular premature complexes in prognosis of angina.
Authors: W Ruberman, E Weinblatt, J D Goldberg, C W Frank, S Shapiro, B S Chaudhary
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We studied the prognostic role of ventricular premature complexes occurring during 1 hour of electrocardiographic monitoring of 416 men with effort angina who had never had myocardial infarction, and compared mortality over 5 years with that of 1739 men with infarction before first observation. Multivariate analyses of survival identified the presence of ventricular premature complexes in 1 hour of monitoring, the presence of ST-segment depression on the standard ECG, and age as the variables making the most important independent contributions to risk of death (all causes and sudden coronary deaths) among the men with angina. The relatively lower age-adjusted 5-year mortality among men with angina compared with those who had a prior myocardial infarction reflects the lower prevalence in the former group of indicators of myocardial dysfunction, such as ventricular ectopic activity and ST-segment depression.
Evidence based diagnostics
Authors: Christian Gluud, Lise Lotte Gluud
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Diagnostic tests are often much less rigorously evaluated than new drugs. It is time to ensure that the harms and benefits of new tests are fully understood No international consensus exists on the methods for assessing diagnostic tests. Previous recommendations stress that studies of diagnostic tests should match the type of diagnostic question.1 2 Once the specificity and sensitivity of a test have been established, the final question is whether tested patients fare better than similar untested patients. This usually requires a randomised trial. Few tests are currently evaluated in this way. In this paper, we propose an architecture for research into diagnostic tests that parallels the established phases in drug research. We have divided studies of diagnostic tests into four phases (box). We use research on brain natriuretic peptide for diagnosing heart failure as an illustrative example.2 However, the architecture is applicable to a wide range of tests including laboratory techniques, diagnostic imaging, pathology, evaluation of disability, electrodiagnostic tests, and endoscopy. In drug research, phase I studies deal with pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safe doses.3 Phase I diagnostic studies are done to determine the range of results obtained with a newly developed test in healthy people. For example, after development of a test to measure brain natriuretic peptide in human plasma, phase I studies were done to establish the normal range of values in healthy participants.4 5 ![][1]</img> Diagnostic phase I studies must be large enough to examine the potential influence of characteristics such as sex, age, time of day, physical activity, and exposure to drugs. The studies are relatively quick, cheap, and easy to conduct, but they may occasionally raise ethical problems—for example, finding abnormal results in an apparently healthy person.6 … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Insanity: The Idea and Its Consequences
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In this provocative book, Dr Szasz's major theme is that insanity is an idea with consequences that have damaged society. Furthermore, mental illness, a necessary element for the establishment of insanity, is more of a concept that is used to control social behavior than an actual medical illness that needs to be treated. Dr Szasz begins his argument by demonstrating that since mental illnesses are not discussed in pathology textbooks, they really are not a medical illness. He further debunks the notion by noting how various special-interest groups (eg, homosexuals) influence psychiatric diagnostic categories by social protest, and how these dynamics would not influence the practice of any true subspecialty of medicine. Szasz notes that psychiatry has yet to prove brain disease is responsible for mental illness, and that there is a tendency to make the criteria for having mental illness so broad as to include anything. He contends that
Acquired cold urticaria symptoms can be safely prevented by ebastine
Authors: M. Magerl, J. Schmolke, F. Siebenhaar, T. Zuberbier, M. Metz, M. Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Acquired cold urticaria (ACU) is a skin condition, in which exposure to cold results in wheals and itching and sometimes general systemic complications. It has a profound impact on patient quality of life. Second-generation antihistamines are recommended as the first-line treatment, but to date only a few have been scientifically tested for this condition.To assess the safety and efficacy of ebastine in preventing ACU symptoms.Twenty-two adult ACU patients participated in a double-blind crossover trial of 20 mg ebastine. The safety of ebastine was sensitively assessed with a psychometric battery testing cognitive performance and mood. After cold challenge, wheal and erythema were assessed by the investigator and the intensities of pruritus and burning were rated by the subject.Ebastine had no negative impact on any of the parameters of cognitive performance or mood. It dramatically reduced the number of patients who experienced wheals, pruritus, and burning after challenge.Ebastine is safe and effective in preventing the symptoms of ACU.