tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mentally disordered prisoners: reports but no improvements
Authors: R Bluglass
Journal: BMJ (1988)

years, but no group was available for comparison at this stage.Real life treatments are more expensive and difficult to organise than office based procedures, but the cost effective- ness of such brief courses may be high.Because more people are flying-overseas flights by British residents rose from 5 9 million in 1971 to 16-5 million in 1986'0-the demand for treatment of flying phobia is certain to increase.General practitioners faced with patients wanting treatment for flying phobia should refer them to clinical psychologists, who are likely to be familiar with the strategies of behavioural management.As a flight will probably be taken during treatment the patient (or his or her employer) should expect some expense.Nevertheless, this may be a small price to pay for relief from a problem that may cause such inconvenience.In some parts of Britain private treatment may be obtained through the medical officers of the major airlines.
Acute Epididymitis Revisited: Impact of Molecular Diagnostics on Etiology and Contemporary Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Adrian Pilatz, Hamid Hossain, Rolf Kaiser, Annette Mankertz, Christian G. Schüttler, Eugen Domann, Hans-Christian Schuppe, Trinad Chakraborty, Wolfgang Weidner, Florian Wagenlehner
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Sulpiride and the potentiation of progestogen only contraception.
Authors: M R Payne, P W Howie, A S McNeilly, W Cooper, M Marnie, L Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A progestogen (norethisterone) and a dopamine antagonist (sulpiride) were given alone and in combination to volunteers to examine their effects on excretion of ovarian steroids. Compared with non-treatment cycles (n = 15), contraception with a progestogen alone (n = 10) was associated with increased excretion of oestrone and partial suppression of excretion of pregnanediol, suggesting partial luteinization of unruptured follicles. By contrast, the combination of norethisterone and sulpiride (n = 9) suppressed both ovarian steroids to basal values, the suppression being even greater than with sulpiride alone (n = 5). These results suggest that a combination of a progestogen with a dopamine antagonist might have a role in contraception.
High-Dose Recombinant Interleukin 2 in the Treatment of Patients With Disseminated Cancer
Authors: Michael T. Lotze
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Experience with the administration of high doses of interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone is described herein. Ten patients with a variety of malignant disorders unresponsive to conventional treatments were treated with at least 30,000 U/kg of IL-2 by bolus administration three times a day. Patients were treated intravenously or intraperitoneally from four to 21 days in a single course, usually interrupted by a week of recovery. Three of six patients with melanoma experienced an objective regression (greater than 50% decrease in volume); there was no response to treatment in patients with colorectal (0/3) or ovarian (0/1) cancer. Two patients with initial objective regressions who subsequently developed progression were re-treated and one sustained a second partial response. Responses lasted 1, 3, and 7 months without additional treatment. Responses in the three patients with melanoma were in visceral sites (lung, liver, and spleen), as well as cutaneous sites in one patient. Progressive shrinkage of tumors for three to six months after the conclusion of therapy has been noted in two patients. Marked lymphocytic infiltrate was noted in a patient with lesions accessible to repeated biopsies. This study demonstrates that the administration of IL-2 can mediate the regression of established cancer in some patients.
Clinical Orthopaedics. Number 16: [The Foot.]
Authors: Roderick E. Darby
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Like the previous volumes in this series, this is a symposium of original articles. Over half of the papers deal with surgical and non-surgical foot disorders. Others consider the development and basic mechanics of the foot and miscellaneous, related problems. The articles are written in a concise, easily readable style. The subjects discussed are well illustrated with numerous graphs, diagrams, photographs, and roentgenograms. This volume would be most useful to the orthopedist, but any physician who encounters foot disorders should find it interesting and helpful.
ATRIAL LEAD IMPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONVERSION TO SINUS RHYTHM AND MAINTENANCE OF SINUS RHYTHM IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-STANDING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDERGOING ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE ABLATION AND BIVENTRICULAR PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION
Authors: None Raul Alexis Torres Heisecke, Vassilis Dimas, Andrew W. Owens, Jose A. Joglar, Owen A. Obel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sildenafil Reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-Mediated Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhi Shi, Amit K. Tiwari, Suneet Shukla, Robert W. Robey, Satyakam Singh, In-Wha Kim, Susan E. Bates, Xingxiang Peng, Ioana Abraham, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Tanaji T. Talele, Li-Wu Fu, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of the type 5 cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate)-specific phosphodiesterase that is used clinically to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we report that sildenafil has differential effects on cell surface ABC transporters such as ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 that modulate intracompartmental and intracellular concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs. In ABCB1-overexpressing cells, nontoxic doses of sildenafil inhibited resistance and increased the effective intracellular concentration of ABCB1 substrate drugs such as paclitaxel. Similarly, in ABCG2-overexpressing cells, sildenafil inhibited resistance to ABCG2 substrate anticancer drugs, for example, increasing the effective intracellular concentration of mitoxantrone or the fluorescent compound BODIPY-prazosin. Sildenafil also moderately inhibited the transport of E(2)17βG and methotrexate by the ABCG2 transporter. Mechanistic investigations revealed that sildenafil stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activity and inhibited photolabeling of ABCB1 with [(125)I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP), whereas it only slightly stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity and inhibited photolabeling of ABCG2 with [(125)I]-IAAP. In contrast, sildenafil did not alter the sensitivity of parental, ABCB1-, or ABCG2-overexpressing cells to non-ABCB1 and non-ABCG2 substrate drugs, nor did sildenafil affect the function of another ABC drug transporter, ABCC1. Homology modeling predicted the binding conformation of sildenafil within the large cavity of the transmembrane region of ABCB1. Overall, we found that sildenafil inhibits the transporter function of ABCB1 and ABCG2, with a stronger effect on ABCB1. Our findings suggest a possible strategy to enhance the distribution and potentially the activity of anticancer drugs by jointly using a clinically approved drug with known side effects and drug-drug interactions.
Patient Referrals
Authors: Zirui Song, Thomas D. Sequist, Michael L. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AID mutant analyses indicate requirement for class-switch-specific cofactors
Authors: Van-Thanh Ta, Hitoshi Nagaoka, Nadia Catalan, Anne Durandy, Alain Fischer, Kohsuke Imai, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Junko Tashiro, Masaya Ikegawa, Satomi Ito, Kazuo Kinoshita, Masamichi Muramatsu, Tasuku Honjo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Induction of Differentiation in a Case of Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jeffrey Cossman, Leonard M. Neckers, Andrew Arnold, Stanley J. Korsmeyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The majority (80 per cent) of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have neither cell-surface immunoglobulin nor T-cell-associated surface antigens that would clearly identify the disease as having either a B-cell or a T-cell lineage.1 Two recent findings indicate that many such cases of "common" non-T,non-B ALL are neoplasms of early B cells. First of all, although the surface immunoglobulin seen on mature B cells is lacking in common ALL, detectable intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin is expressed in approximately 20 per cent of cases, usually as μ heavy chains but without light chains.2 Secondly, before effective expression of an immunoglobulin gene occurs, . . .
In All This Rain: Poems by John Stone
Authors: James Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1982)

John Stone is characterized in his jacket copy as a doctor who is also a poet. This is his second book, and so much better than the first one that next time he might be described as a poet who is also a doctor. He writes of people still alive seven years after cardiac catheterization followed by surgery; the heart as such, and how it works; death that comes "slowly as rust" or "suddenly, as when someone leaving a room finds the doorknob come loose in his hand." Yet it would be a mistake to go to this poet thinking of oneself as "a doctor who is also a reader," looking for medical/ surgical symbolism or "inside stuff" that only a physician/reader can appreciate—a mistake, for one, because only a few of the 51 poems of<i>In All This Rain</i>have anything physicianly about them, and for another, because those
Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elaine W-T Chong, Tien Y Wong, Andreas J Kreis, Julie A Simpson, Robyn H Guymer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD). <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews and articles. <b>Methods</b> Two reviewers independently searched the databases and selected the studies, using standardised criteria. Randomised clinical trials and prospective cohort studies were included. Of the 4192 abstracts initially identified, 12 studies (nine prospective cohort studies and three randomised clinical trials) met the selection criteria and were included. Data extraction and study quality evaluation were independently reviewed, using standardised criteria. Results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analytic methods. <b>Results</b> The nine prospective cohort studies included 149 203 people, with 1878 incident cases of early AMD. The antioxidants investigated differed across studies, and not all studies contributed to the meta-analysis of each antioxidant. Pooled results from prospective cohort studies indicated that vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, α carotene, β carotene, β cryptoxanthin, and lycopene have little or no effect in the primary prevention of early AMD. The three randomised clinical trials did not show that antioxidant supplements prevented early AMD. <b>Conclusions</b> There is insufficient evidence to support the role of dietary antioxidants, including the use of dietary antioxidant supplements, for the primary prevention of early AMD.
Open herniorrhaphy is safer and cheaper than laparoscopic surgery
Authors: M J Notaras
Journal: BMJ (1995)

not surprising that they imply that there could be a causal relation between viral infection and exacerbations of asthma.They recognise that the argument that rhinoviruses could cause exacer- bations of asthma is not new.They do not, however, mention that there have been multiple unsuccessful attempts in the past to show experi- mentally that these viruses can induce attacks of asthma (D A Tyrrel, W Busse, C Reed, J Gwaltney; separate personal communications).Indeed, the only model in which rhinovirus has been consistently shown to produce features of asthma in the lung is one combining viral infection with allergen challenge.2'Johnston and colleagues do not state which of the children were allergic at the time of the study.Studies at Poole General Hospital (64 km from Southampton), however, showed that being allergic to dust mites was the strongest risk factor for developing asthma4 and for being admitted to hospital.5Indeed, it has been reported that atopy in the cohort studied was associated with "lower FEV1 [forced expiratory volume in one second], greater within day and between day variation in PEF [peak expiratory flow] and greater severity of respiratory symptoms."6For at least two reasons it seems inevitable that allergy to common inhalant allergens and rhinovirus infection are cofactors for attacks of asthma in childhood-because of the results of the experimental studies and because these two risk factors are too common to be distinct.In our study of children presenting to the University of Virginia's paediatric emergency room with acute episodes of wheezing we found that the combination ofrhinovirus culture and IgE antibody to common allergens was the strongest risk factor of wheezing.'More recently, we have confirmed this association by using the polymerase chain reaction to detect rhinovirus.8Thus, although the reported association between exacerbations of asthma and viral infections is striking, the group from Southampton should recognise that the children almost certainly have to be primed to respond in this way.The commonest well recog- nised cause of priming is exposure to a foreign protein to which the children have made an immediate hypersensitivity response, and this is the only model for which there is convincing experimental evidence.
Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow after Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
Authors: HOMAYOUN KAZEMI, EDWARD F. PARSONS, LAERCIO M. VALENCA, DENISE J. STRIEDER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation was determined with the 133 xenon technic in the erect position at the bedside in 15 patients an average of 6 days after uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI) and in five patients with severe angina in the same coronary care unit. Follow-up studies were repeated within 3 to 25 weeks on six of the patients with MI. There was marked reduction in perfusion to the lung base after myocardial infarction. Patients with severe angina showed some underperfusion of the lower lung zones, but to a much less degree than those with acute MI. The pattern of pulmonary perfusion reverted toward that seen in angina in the follow-up studies of patients with MI. Distribution of ventilation was normal in all patients. The results of the study suggest that there are probably chronic changes in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease which lead to redistribution of pulmonary blood flow toward the apex, and that the marked under-perfusion of the lung base demonstrated following acute myocardial infarction reflects an acute increase in the pulmonary venous and interstitial pressures most likely due to occult left ventricular failure.
Labour party will continue use of private contractors in the NHS
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK Labour party is to push ahead with plans to extend privatisation of the NHS, despite an overwhelming rejection of the policy by delegates attending its annual conference last week.

A motion that called for the suspension of all plans to increase care provided by the private sector in the NHS won backing from 71% of delegates at the conference.

David Prentis, leader of the public sector union Unison, which tabled the motion, said the NHS should not be run on a “fragmented basis,” with different parts “competing for patients.” …
TOXICITY OF CERTAIN WIDELY USED ANTISEPTICS
Authors: Herbert D. Taylor, J. Harold Austin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. The substances injected intraperitoneally into mice and guinea pigs arranged in the order of their decreasing toxicity are: eucalyptol and brilliant green; mercurophen; mercuric chloride and chloramine-T; dichloramine-T and proflavine; hychlorite, Dakin's hypochlorite, Javelle water, and magnesium hypochlorite; iodine and phenol. 2. Now that Dakin's bland solvent, chlorcosane, is available as a vehicle for dichloramine-T, eucalyptol should probably be discarded for this purpose because of its much greater toxicity. 3. Inasmuch as experienced surgeons do not approve of the injection of solutions of iodine and phenol into closed cavities, it would seem advisable not to use any of the antiseptics here discussed in this manner inasmuch as all exhibit a greater toxicity for mice and guinea pigs than the two chemicals first named. 4. The method of testing toxicity of antiseptics by subcutaneous injection is not satisfactory because exudation and subsequent sloughing reduce the rate of absorption and make uncertain the amount finally absorbed.
A morbidity study of former pentachlorophenol-production workers.
Authors: D O Hryhorczuk, W H Wallace, V Persky, S Furner, J R Webster, D Oleske, B Haselhorst, R Ellefson, C Zugerman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide that was once widely used for wood preservation. Commercial PCP contained impurities including higher chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs). We investigated the effects of occupational exposure to PCP and its CDD and CDF contaminants on the skin, liver, porphyrin metabolism, and central and peripheral nervous systems. In 1986 we conducted a medical survey of 366 workers who had been engaged in the production of PCP at a single plant between 1938 and 1978. The referent group consisted of 303 workers from the same plant who were not exposed to these or related compounds. Exposure was determined from computerized personnel records. The medical survey included an administered questionnaire, medical record review, physical examination by dermatologists, internists, and neurologists, and analysis of 24-hr urine for quantitative porphyrins among other tests. In this paper we present the results of analyses of the general health, chloracne, and porphyrin metabolism end points. The general health status of PCP workers was similar to unexposed workers, but 17.8% of PCP workers had evidence of current or past chloracne. PCP workers with chloracne had significantly higher mean urinary excretion of coproporphyrins (117. 0 vs. 90.6 microg/24 hr) than unexposed workers after controlling for potential confounders. Workers with chloracne who had worked with both PCP and polychlorinated biphenyls had significantly higher mean urinary excretions of hepta-, penta-, and coproporphyrins than unexposed workers. We conclude that occupational exposure to PCP is associated with chloracne and biochemical abnormalities which may persist years after exposure.
Abstract 1804: Novel gold derivatives of thiosugars potently inhibit p-STAT3 and downregulate HIF-1α in ependymomas
Authors: Waldemar Priebe, Takayuki Kato, Izabela Fokt, Timothy L. Madden, Charles A. Conrad, Mary J. Johansen, Stanislaw Skora, Van N. Nguyen, Jayakumar Arumugam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ependymoma is the third most common brain tumor in children, representing 5% of all CNS malignancies with an overall survival ranging from 24% to 75% at 5 years. Although auranofin (AF), a gold containing antirheumatic compound, has been tested for a variety of human cancers, the true potential of this compound or its related compounds as anticancer agents has not been fully explored for human cancer. However, recent observations identifying proteasome inhibition and alterations in the JAK/STAT signaling pathways as primary targets for gold compounds in several human cancers indicate that such compounds could be effective anticancer drugs providing a unique mechanism of action. We have recently designed several auranofin analogs (WP1527, WP1528, WP1529, WP1530, WP1531, WP1532, WP1533, WP1534, WP1546, and WP1547) and found that selected AF analogs (WP1529 and WP1532) markedly inhibit the proliferation of BT-58 and 58-10F human ependymoma cell lines. We discovered that ependymoma cell lines were more sensitive to AF than tested glioma cell lines and furthermore selected new analogs more potently inhibited BT-58 ependymoma cell proliferation than parental compound AF. Further analysis demonstrated that auranofin can potently (0.5 µM −1µM) block either constitutively activated or cytokine induced p- STAT3. Anticancer activity of these synthesized analogs has also been assessed in other tumor types including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and melanoma. Our studies led to discovery of significantly more potent auranofin analogs and highly promising preliminary data warrant further studies to validated clinical potential of lead compound in ependymoma models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1804. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1804
Treatment of Keloids
Authors: Arpad G. Gerard
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal( 193 :325, 1965) there was an inquiry about a keloid scar developing on the neck, following excision of a large intradermal nevus.  Louis T. Byars, MD, discussing therapy, mentioned Maguire's treatment of a large and severe keloid with triamcinolone acetonide aqueous suspension, injected intralesionally, with good improvement ( 192 :325, 1965).  If surgical removal of the keloid is not feasible, the end result is usually not too satisfactory cosmetically even with intralesional or sublesional injections of triamcinolone suspension, which seems to be the best available therapy. But if surgical removal of the keloid is feasible, then the following simple technique usually prevents the formation of postsurgical keloid: The keloid is excised with use of local anesthesia, to which triamcinolone acetonide aqueous suspension is added. After excision, weekly local subdermal injections are given ( Derm Dig  3 :49-58, 1964).