tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: P. Koskinen, M. Kupari
Journal: BMJ (1992)

disease onset is most likely to have occurred.Longstanding evidence that fetal exposure to medical radiation is a risk factor,' together with the report by Gardner and his col- leagues6 linking risk to paternal occupational exposure to radiation immediately before conception, suggest that resi- dence at birth (or before birth) may be more relevant than residence at the time ofregistration or death.A recent study of the cases arising in children living around Dounreay,7 however, found that the risk was no higher in the children born in the area than in those moving there after birth.Has the large amount of research money that has gone into the epidemiology of this small but unquestionably important problem been justified?Certainly it has stimulated the development of new statistical approaches to spatial analyses, which may be applicable to other circumstances.It has also strengthened the validity of what was previously weak evidence on the presence of clusters of cases, even if we have learnt little more about the effects of environmental radiation.Considerably more research is needed, probably on an individual basis, before the causes of these devastating diseases are fully understood.
Sleeping Threshold Change Causing Failure of Artificial Cardiac Pacing
Authors: John M. Somerndike
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Along with environmental, metabolic, and pharmacologic influences on artificial cardiac pacing, important threshold changes have been reported to occur incident to changes in physical activity.<sup>1</sup>Clinically evident interruption of pacing as the result of these influences has largely been reported as a result of drug administration.<sup>2,3</sup>We have recently seen a patient in whom a pacemaker malfunction occurred only during sleep. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 74-year-old white man underwent initial implantation of an artificial pacing system in November of 1962 for a stable arteriosclerotic third-degree heart block. Since that time the patient has undergone 12 different procedures incident to the management of various complications causing pacemaker failure. These include, over the years, skin erosion with extrusion of the pulse generator, wire fracture, infection of the battery pocket, electrode dislocation, battery fatigue, and finally threshold change. He was seen in the office on Dec 23,
581 HBV SUPPRESSES TLR-MEDIATED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MURINE PARENCHYMAL AND NON-PARENCHYMAL LIVER CELLS
Authors: J. Wu, Z. Meng, M. Trippler, R. Broering, A. Szczeponek, J.P. Sowa, E.M. Castro, S. Driftmann, U. Dittmer, D. Yang, M. Roggendorf, G. Gerken, M. Lu, J.F. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Book Review Sleep and Quality of Life in Clinical Medicine Edited by Joris C. Verster, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, and David L. Streiner. 533 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008. $189. 978-1-60327-340-4
Authors: Clete A. Kushida
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Is the Corrected QT Interval a Reliable Indicator of the Severity of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy?
Authors: Bert Bravenboer, Peter-Henk Hendriksen, Liam P Oey, William-Hwndrik Gispen, Alexander C Van Huffelen, D William Erkelens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

We investigated whether the corrected QT interval correlated with two other tests for diagnosing autonomic dysfunction in 60 type I diabetic patients with proven peripheral neuropathy. The mean age +/- SD was 48.3 +/- 11.2 yr, the mean duration of diabetes was 24.9 +/- 11.4 yr, and the mean HbA1 was 9.3 +/- 2.4%.All patients underwent three autonomic function tests: 1) the standard five cardiovascular Ewing tests, each scored 0 (normal), 0.5 (borderline), or 1.0 (abnormal). We used the sum of the abnormal findings for the analysis, the cardiovascular autonomic score; 2) measurement of the corrected QT interval taken from a routine electrocardiogram recording; and 3) static and dynamic pupillometry: measurement of dark adapted pupil diameter as percentage of total iris diameter and of pupil constriction latency using an infrared light reflex technique.No significant correlation was found between age, duration of diabetes, or HbA1 and any of the autonomic function tests, except for one between age and cardiovascular autonomic score (r = 0.3202, P = 0.0126). Corrected QT interval did not correlate with cardiovascular autonomic score, pupil diameter, or constriction latency. A significant inverse correlation was found between cardiovascular autonomic score and pupil diameter (r = -0.4861, P < 0.001) and constriction latency (r = 0.3783, P < 0.001). Pupil diameter and constriction latency correlated well (r = -0.4276, P < 0.001).The corrected QT interval did not correlate with cardiovascular autonomic tests nor pupillometry results. The corrected QT interval therefore should not be used for the diagnosis of the severity of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
CONGENITAL IMPERFORATE LARYNX: A RARE ANOMALY
Authors: Howard L. Sieg
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The mother, a secundipara, aged 22, had a normal pregnancy throughout except for the discomfort from a large amount of liquor amnii. Her first child, born two years previously, after a normal pregnancy and confinement, was normal. She and her husband were in good health and had clear family histories. Confinement began at term, the dilating pains lasting for eight hours, and the expulsive pains for two hours. Fetal heart sounds were regular and strong throughout, and the head appeared in the left occipito-anterior position. The amniotic sac was ruptured manually—with some difficulty, owing to its toughness—and a girl was then born after a few pains. About 2 liters of liquor amnii was expelled. On casual inspection the child appeared normal and, after a minute or two, attempted inspiration, but without success. These attempts became more violent until the lower half of the sternum was forcibly drawn backward at each
A NEW MODE OF TREATMENT FOR INOPERABLE CANCER OF THE UTERUS BY MEANS OF ACETONE.
Authors: GEORGE GELLHORN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In recent literature there is a remarkable dearth on the subject of the treatment of inoperable cancer. The interest of the profession seems to be absorbed by the problems of earlier diagnosis and more radical operation in cases which are still within the reach of the surgeon. Yet, so long as the usual means of treatment fail to relieve in any degree the deplorable fate of the unfortunate ones who are beyond that reach, the attention and energy of the profession must also be claimed for improvements along the lines of treatment of inoperable carcinoma. A rapid survey will substantiate these claims as far as inoperable cancer of the uterus is concerned. The much-heralded trypsin treatment has not come up to its promises. It has utterly failed in my cases and in those of most of the other observers. Roentgen-ray therapy in uterine cancer thus far at least has not
"Modern" Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A LARGE number of infectious diseases have undergone remarkable changes in their natural history since the introduction of penicillin into clinical medicine 30 years ago. The duration of illness, incidence of complications, and fatality rates have been altered strikingly in those disorders for which penicillin has been effective. An outstanding example of this phenomenon is infective endocarditis. However, it is noteworthy that not all the changes in this disease have been related to therapy, and that a number of features unheard of years ago, now often characterize the etiology, clinical course, and prognosis of this type of disease. This is a brief review of the clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features of infective endocarditis in the prepenicillin era and in the present. <h3>ETIOLOGY</h3> A great variety of microbial genera and species are the etiologic agents of infective endocarditis. In the prepenicillin era, green pigment-producing streptococci (<i>Streptococcus viridans</i>) were involved in about
RECENT TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EXAMINATION UNDER CIVIL SERVICE
Authors: VERNE K. HARVEY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

With reference to the number of employees on the roll, and the number of occupations represented, the federal government is the nation's leading employer. The number of different kinds of positions is in the thousands; and, as to duties, they range from sedentary work such as that of a typist, in which it is possible to set a physical standard so liberal that many handicapped persons can be admitted to the competition, to positions of immigration patrol inspector or of policeman, in which the duties demand as nearly perfect a physical specimen as it is possible to secure, young, robust and able to endure hardship and prolonged exertion.  The Civil Service Act when passed in 1883 covered only 13,780 positions. These were practically all of the clerical or office types of employment. At that time there were no general laws providing for compensation for persons injured as a result of
The cathelicidins LL-37 and rCRAMP are associated with pathogenic events of arthritis in humans and rats
Authors: Markus H Hoffmann, Heiko Bruns, Liselotte Bäckdahl, Petra Neregård, Birgit Niederreiter, Martin Herrmann, Anca Irinel Catrina, Birgitta Agerberth, Rikard Holmdahl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Background In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neutrophil granulocytes fuel inflammation and damage tissue in the joint by releasing cytotoxic agents, antimicrobial peptides, proteases and other inflammatory mediators. The human cathelicidin LL-37 has recently been implicated in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis. Objective To elucidate if antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Methods Expression of LL-37 was determined in synovial membranes from patients with arthritis and control subjects. Expression of the rat cathelicidin rCRAMP and defensins was characterised in joints, blood and secondary lymphoid organs during pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in rats and in a transfer model of PIA induced by CD4 T cells. Serum samples of rats with arthritis were tested for IgG and IgM autoantibodies against rCRAMP by immunoblot and for interferon (IFNα) by ELISA. Results Cathelicidins are strongly upregulated in RA synovial membranes and in joints from rats with arthritis as compared with healthy joints. Expression was most prominent in neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages/osteoclasts. Cathelicidin expression is also upregulated in the blood and spleen of pristane-injected rats, with strongest expression detected in activated CD62L− cells coexpressing granulocyte and monocyte markers. Pristane injection caused accumulation of low-density granulocytes in the blood. After pristane injection, the increased expression of rCRAMP coincided with higher levels of cell death, raised levels of interferon (IFN)α and development of autoantibodies. Conclusions Our results show strong upregulation of cathelicidins and β-defensins coinciding with pathological events of arthritis. Higher expression and release of AMPs might contribute to development and/or maintenance of disease by systemic or local mechanisms.
Adjuvant Docetaxel for Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Miguel Martin, Tadeusz Pienkowski, John Mackey, Marek Pawlicki, Jean-Paul Guastalla, Charles Weaver, Eva Tomiak, Taher Al-Tweigeri, Linnea Chap, Eva Juhos, Raymond Guevin, Anthony Howell, Tommy Fornander, John Hainsworth, Robert Coleman, Jeferson Vinholes, Manuel Modiano, Tamas Pinter, Shou C. Tang, Bruce Colwell, Catherine Prady, Louise Provencher, David Walde, Alvaro Rodriguez-Lescure, Judith Hugh, Camille Loret, Matthieu Rupin, Sandra Blitz, Philip Jacobs, Michael Murawsky, Alessandro Riva, Charles Vogel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We compared docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) with fluorouracil plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable node-positive breast cancer.
Durable responses to imatinib in patients with PDGFRB fusion gene–positive and BCR-ABL–negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Marianna David, Nicholas C. P. Cross, Sonja Burgstaller, Andrew Chase, Claire Curtis, Raymond Dang, Martine Gardembas, John M. Goldman, Francis Grand, George Hughes, Francoise Huguet, Louise Lavender, Grant A. McArthur, Francois X. Mahon, Giorgio Massimini, Junia Melo, Philippe Rousselot, Robin J. Russell-Jones, John F. Seymour, Graeme Smith, Alastair Stark, Katherine Waghorn, Zariana Nikolova, Jane F. Apperley
Journal: Blood (2006)
THE CAUSE OF INFANTILE ATROPHYDEDUCED FROM A STUDY OF SECRETIN IN NORMAL AND ATROPHIC INFANTS.
Authors: A. H. WENTWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The etiology of infantile atrophy has long been one of the most mooted questions in pediatrics. A large number of theories have been advanced, but none of them has been widely accepted. Metabolism investigations<sup>1</sup>have shown the loss of nitrogen and fat; but the mere registration of these facts gives us no clue as to the causes which lie beneath these phenomena. The theory of acid intoxication advanced by Czerny and Keller<sup>2</sup>has not been generally accepted. Even if we grant that atrophic infants are in a state of acidosis, it remains to be proved that the acidosis is primary and not secondary to the inanition, which, as is now believed, may produce metabolism conditions like those observed in acidosis. The theory that intermediary metabolism is disturbed is an assumption which does not tell us the fundamental cause, nor the location, nor the nature of the disease. Anatomic
Attaining competence in English
Authors: J. Cassell, L. Goode
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A doctor and teacher team of language tutors-Jackie Cassell and Leslie Goode-review the regulations, opportunities, and difficulties that confront doctors trained overseas 

The regulations for European Union nationals who have trained within the EU and those for other overseas doctors are now markedly different. Until this year the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board examination (PLAB) was the well established first hurdle in medical English. Success in the written and spoken comprehension sections of the PLAB was required before taking the medical test. From January of this year, however, the written and spoken components of the PLAB have been superseded by the International English Language Testing System assessment (IELTS), the passing of which is now a prerequisite for taking the medical part of the PLAB. The IELTS can be taken in any of 105 countries and is often a British university entrance requirement for students of any subject whose first language is not English. Candidates must attain an overall score of 7.0 in the IELTS, with at least 6.0 in each of its four sections, in order to proceed to the medical component of PLAB.

EU nationals trained within the EU are not legally required to take the PLAB or the IELTS, though they may be asked to do so by hospitals or trusts in order to prove that their English is adequate. It may therefore be best to take the IELTS prior to making applications. Exceptions to these general rules have always existed-for example by obtaining a sponsor. Advice on individual cases should be sought from the General Medical Council.

The PLAB was developed as an examination for qualified doctors with some experience in medical practice, and it concentrates on the English which is needed for medicine. By contrast, the IELTS is taken by university candidates, undergraduate or postgraduate, from …
Reply to Ben Challacombe, Anthony Costello and Dinesh Agarwal's Letter to the Editor re: Brian M. Benway, Agnes J. Wang, Jose M. Cabello and Sam B. Bhayani. Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with Sliding-Clip Renorrhaphy: Technique and Outcomes. Eur Urol 2009;55:592–9
Authors: Brian M. Benway, Agnes J. Wang, Jose M. Cabello, Sam B. Bhayani
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Abstract 2341: CAPG improves breast cancer metastasis through competing with PRMT5 to activate STC-1 transcription
Authors: Sheng Huang, Yayun Chi, Jingyan Xue, Zhimin Shao, Zhaohui Wu, Jiong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that over-expression of macrophage-capping protein (CapG)improves cancer cell metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated that CAPG was highly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cell line with high metastatic potency compared with its maternal cell line. Sequencing of CapG-cDNA complex showed some overlap with the sequence of a group of DNA-binding proteins, the basic helix-loop-helix family, including the c-myc oncogene. We supposed that CAPG inhibited cancer cell metastasis through modulating gene transcription as a transcription factor. To examine whether CAPG played a functional role in breast cancer metastasis, three kinds of breast cancer cell lines were applied, including overexpression and knockdown of CAPG. Total RNA from MCF-7 CAPG overexpression cells versus control was obtained. Microarray analysis of global genomic changes was conducted in transcriptional level of these cells. Stanniocalcin 1 (stc-1), an oncogene, was observed significantly up-regulated by over expression of CAPG. Mass spectra and co-immunopreciptation were used to find the potential transcription factors of CAPG. In breast cancer cell lines, we found that CAPG expression is much higher in relatively aggressive cell line than the mild-nature one on both RNA and protein level. CAPG is also higher in cancer tissues than its adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCT). Furthermore, it was confirmed that CAPG could directly bind to the promoter of stc-1 to activate stc-1 transcription by luciferase report assay and chip experiments. In CAPG overexpression cell line, knock-down of stc-1 could restrain the CAPG-induced migration and invasion. Interestingly, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was found as transcription repressor to compete with CAPG in modulating stc-1 transcription. In this study, CAPG was approved to play a direct role in participating transcription for the first time. We also supposed that by combining with PRMT5, CAPG could compete with PRMT5, and prevent PRMT5 from repressing stc-1 transcriptional process. Citation Format: Sheng Huang, Yayun Chi, Jingyan Xue, Zhimin Shao, Zhaohui Wu, Jiong Wu. CAPG improves breast cancer metastasis through competing with PRMT5 to activate STC-1 transcription. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2341. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2341
Circumventing Resistance to Kinase-Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Brian J. Druker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Throughout its history, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has set precedents for cancer research and therapy, ranging from the identification of the first specific chromosomal abnormality associated with cancer to the development of imatinib as a specific, targeted therapy for the disease.1 In this issue of the Journal, two articles2,3 continue this tradition by describing how an understanding of resistance to imatinib has led to a strategy for circumventing resistance. These articles — one concerning nilotinib and the other dasatinib — are of fundamental importance for at least three reasons. First, they provide immediate hope for patients in whom CML . . .
Enhancement of the pneumotoxic effect of cadmium acetate by ionizing radiation in the rat.
Authors: P Salovsky, V Shopova, V Dancheva, R Marev, A Pandurska
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Experiments involving 120 male Wistar rats were performed to study the effect of treatment with cadmium acetate and external irradiation. A single 0.5 mg/kg body weight dose of cadmium acetate was administered intratracheally. Shortly thereafter, the animals received a single whole-body exposure to 4 Gy gamma rays (cesium source). Findings indicated the chemical elevated enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), and acid phosphatase (AP), as well as protein content and percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); the percentage of alveolar macrophages was sharply reduced. Radiation alone produced no substantial changes in the parameters investigated. Treatment with both agents combined was found to result in a synergistic rise of LDH, AlP, and AP activities and protein content in BALF. It was concluded that the BALF biochemical markers used are reliable indicators for identifying the type of combined effect produced in the lungs by chemical agents and ionizing radiation.
Renal prostaglandin synthesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Authors: M J Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The precise role of the kidney in spontaneous experimental hypertension is unknown. We have analyzed the rates of renal prostaglandin synthesis by utilizing a spontaneously hypertensive rat model. The synthetic rate of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha, and prostaglandin A2-like products was measured in vitro with renal microsomes. In the rabbit and rat there is a steep gradient of microsomal prostaglandin synthetase from papilla to cortex with highest activities in the papilla. Comparison of the activity of prostaglandin synthetase in medullary microsomes form normotensive and hypertensive rats showed accelerated synthesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. These differences appeared after several months of age, were statistically significant from 3 mo of age and, on the average, represented at least a twofold increase of in vitro activity. All classes of prostaglandins were involved with increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin A2-like material. These data reenforce and extend previous work showing alterations of granularity and presumably prostaglandin synthesis in renal medullary intersitital cells in various experimental hypertensions. We also measured renal tissue content of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin A-prostaglandin B by radioimmunoassay. Swift and careful handling of the tissue was necessary to avoid extensive postmortem synthesis of prostaglandins. In rapidly-frozen medullary tissue only prostaglandin E was detectable in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 pg/mg tissue. No significant differences were found in the medullary content of prostaglandin E in the control and hypertensive rats despite the increased rates of enzymatic synthesis. We conclude that renal prostaglandin synthesis is increased in renal medullary microsomes obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rat. This apparently occurs in response to the progressive development of hypertension since young animals did not show an increase Renal tissue prostaglandin E content did not increase and therefore appears to be a poor index of enhanced prostaglandin synthesis.
Fecal Flora and Resistance to Invasive Bacteria
Authors: Porter Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The attenuated microbes used as vaccines have been derivatives or close relatives of the virulent organism, retaining enough immunologic similarity to induce specific immunity. Schneerson and Robbins, in this issue of the Journal, describe an interesting new approach: the induction of specific humoral immunity by colonization with a genetically unrelated but immunologically cross-reactive bacterium. The effort stems from a more fundamental question posed in previous reports by Dr. Robbins and colleagues, "how do we naturally acquire antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (H.i.b)?" They were struck by the apparent dilemma that these antibodies, which may be . . .