tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Water Distribution System Deficiencies and Gastrointestinal Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ayse Ercumen, Joshua S. Gruber, John M. Colford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Water distribution systems are vulnerable to performance deficiencies that can cause (re)contamination of treated water and plausibly lead to increased risk of gastrointestinal illness (GII) in consumers.It is well established that large system disruptions in piped water networks can cause GII outbreaks. We hypothesized that routine network problems can also contribute to background levels of waterborne illness and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of distribution system deficiencies on endemic GII.We reviewed published studies that compared direct tap water consumption to consumption of tap water re-treated at the point of use (POU) and studies of specific system deficiencies such as breach of physical or hydraulic pipe integrity and lack of disinfectant residual.In settings with network malfunction, consumers of tap water versus POU-treated water had increased GII [incidence density ratio (IDR) = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.79]. The subset of nonblinded studies showed a significant association between GII and tap water versus POU-treated water consumption (IDR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.20), but there was no association based on studies that blinded participants to their POU water treatment status (IDR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.08). Among studies focusing on specific network deficiencies, GII was associated with temporary water outages (relative risk = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.48, 7.19) as well as chronic outages in intermittently operated distribution systems (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.07).Tap water consumption is associated with GII in malfunctioning distribution networks. System deficiencies such as water outages also are associated with increased GII, suggesting a potential health risk for consumers served by piped water networks.
Hazards of Groundnuts
Authors: M. C. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1964)

We believe' that some if not most cases of this condition belong to the group of collagen disorders, many probably being connected in some way with rheumatoid disease.We are unconvinced by the arguments advanced that an alteration of nomenclature at this juncture for a condition whose aetiology remains obscure is likely to be of any advantaged-We are, etc.,
Sirolimus for Angiomyolipoma in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex or Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: John J. Bissler, Francis X. McCormack, Lisa R. Young, Jean M. Elwing, Gail Chuck, Jennifer M. Leonard, Vincent J. Schmithorst, Tal Laor, Alan S. Brody, Judy Bean, Shelia Salisbury, David N. Franz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Angiomyolipomas in patients with the tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis are associated with mutations in tuberous sclerosis genes resulting in constitutive activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The drug sirolimus suppresses mTOR signaling.We conducted a 24-month, nonrandomized, open-label trial to determine whether sirolimus reduces the angiomyolipoma volume in patients with the tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Sirolimus was administered for the first 12 months only. Serial magnetic resonance imaging of angiomyolipomas and brain lesions, computed tomography of lung cysts, and pulmonary-function tests were performed.Of the 25 patients enrolled, 20 completed the 12-month evaluation, and 18 completed the 24-month evaluation. The mean (+/-SD) angiomyolipoma volume at 12 months was 53.2+/-26.6% of the baseline value (P<0.001) and at 24 months was 85.9+/-28.5% of the baseline value (P=0.005). At 24 months, five patients had a persistent reduction in the angiomyolipoma volume of 30% or more. During the period of sirolimus therapy, among patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis, the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increased by 118+/-330 ml (P=0.06), the forced vital capacity (FVC) increased by 390+/-570 ml (P<0.001), and the residual volume decreased by 439+/-493 ml (P=0.02), as compared with baseline values. One year after sirolimus was discontinued, the FEV1 was 62+/-411 ml above the baseline value, the FVC was 346+/-712 ml above the baseline value, and the residual volume was 333+/-570 ml below the baseline value; cerebral lesions were unchanged. Five patients had six serious adverse events while receiving sirolimus, including diarrhea, pyelonephritis, stomatitis, and respiratory infections.Angiomyolipomas regressed somewhat during sirolimus therapy but tended to increase in volume after the therapy was stopped. Some patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis had improvement in spirometric measurements and gas trapping that persisted after treatment. Suppression of mTOR signaling might constitute an ameliorative treatment in patients with the tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00457808.)
Medical Military Science
Authors: Abram S. Benenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DURING the past two years, a new course has appeared on the curriculum of forty-nine American medical schools. "Medical Military Science" or "Military Medicine" is its title. The Army provides its instructors, and the medical school is its sponsor. The students taking this course will shortly be members of the medical profession. That profession deserves to be informed of the training the neophyte has received in this post-war version of the Medical Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC).As in the past, military medicine is an elective course offered to the student body. It is a progressive course, through the four . . .
Multiple drug delivery hydrogel system for spinal cord injury repair strategies
Authors: Giuseppe Perale, Filippo Rossi, Marco Santoro, Marco Peviani, Simonetta Papa, Dorina Llupi, Paola Torriani, Edoardo Micotti, Sara Previdi, Luigi Cervo, Erik Sundström, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Maurizio Masi, Gianluigi Forloni, Pietro Veglianese
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Clinical Lecture on Dislocations of Muscles and their Treatment
Authors: G. W. Callender
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE IN?ITISH MfDIC4L _OURACL, 51 upOn chronic inflammatory irritation of any mucous membrane are benefited by this climate.Whereas general debility not so dependent, with an impoverished watery blood, dyspepsia, and atonic neuralgic affections are not.The table I now show is copied by permission of the late Professor Daubeny from his own daily observations at Torquay in i86i, and his assistants at Oxford, to show the greater amount of ozone in the air at Torquay.Greater amount of ozone means greater purity of air.The second table represents the warmth of three places, as noted in my diary of the date of January 3rd, IS67-an unusually cold day.Cobbam, Surrey, -5 deg., or 5 below zero, 37 deg. of frost; Bourne.mouth, 12 deg., or 20 deg. of frost; Torquay, 25 deg., or 7 deg. of frost.
Effects of Adenine Nucleotides and Microsomes on Glucose Utilization in Rat Heart Homogenates
Authors: NIELS HAUGAARD, ELLA S. HAUGAARD, ABILIO ANTONIO
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The utilization of glucose by rat heart homogenate may proceed rapidly at low concentrations of ATP when conditions are such that this nucleotide is rapidly regenerated. When high concentrations of ATP are present, glucose utilization is depressed markedly. The inhibition of glucose metabolism is abolished completely by magnesium ions. Glucose is utilized at a rapid rate by a system consisting of heart mitochondria and the soluble components of a heart homogenate. The addition of microsomes to such a system produces a large increase in the rate of glucose disappearance and a decrease in the concentration of ATP . The stimulatory effect of microsomes appears to be mainly a result of an increase in ATP ase activity. A possible role for ATP and magnesium in the regulation of glucose phosphorylation in the intact heart has been discussed.
Antibiotics and acute purulent rhinitis: Review is symptomatic of medicine today
Authors: Raymond Friedman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Gornall is correct to raise the issue of Roy Meadow's and David Southall's omission from the reference list in the Child Protection Companion. 1 2 Southall, along with others, made contributions to the sections on fabricated and induced illness and imposed airway obstruction in chapter 6 of the Companion.Considerable notice was taken of Southall's views on these topics.The editorial group discussed how to manage the references throughout the book and, for these sections, chose to reference only the two documents on fabricated and induced illness produced by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2002) and the Department of Health (2002).We think that these documents covered the topic and referenced all the essential authors on this topic.In retrospect, however, the lack of appropriate reference to both Southall and Meadow is unsatisfactory, and their important work should have been acknowledged more fully.Unfortunately, at the time of the preparation of the content of the Companion, the two professors were involved in the disciplinary process of the General Medical Council, which has still not been concluded in relation to Meadow and which reached an unfavourable outcome with regard to Southall.We debated their difficult situation.We were concerned for them as individuals, particularly as they have both worked tirelessly in promoting the welfare and safety of children.We were also concerned about the outcome of the GMC hearings.We recognised the potential impact that an adverse outcome would have on the retention and recruitment of paediatricians into child protection and also considered any implications for the Companion, which we were in the process of producing.It is possible that had we referenced the two professors more fully, this could have provided lawyers and journalists with ammunition to undermine the value of the Companion.We were always mindful of the objectives that we had set ourselves in producing the Companion.It was never intended to be a fully referenced textbook, and many seminal papers are therefore not referenced.
An adult with a neck lump
Authors: R. C. Dwivedi, L. Masterson, M. Alam, P. Jani
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 40 year old man presents with a 1 cm tender soft swelling in the lateral neck region. This developed seven days after the onset of a tonsillitis episode that has now resolved. He has a 20 pack-year smoking history and consumes minimal alcohol. Examination is otherwise normal.
HLA Dr‐Dq haplotypes and the TNFA‐308 polymorphism: associations with asthma and allergy
Authors: M. C. Munthe‐Kaas, K. L. Carlsen, K. H. Carlsen, T. Egeland, G. Håland, C. S. Devulapalli, H. Akselsen, D. Undlien
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes DQB1 and DRB1 and the Tumor Necrosis Factor α gene ( TNFA ) within the HLA complex (chromosome 6p21) have been associated with asthma and allergy. Due to the strong linkage disequilibrium characterizing this complex and the multiple asthma/allergy expressions, we aimed to determine which of these genes were primarily involved in specific asthma/allergy traits. Methods: The DRB1 – DQB1 alleles and TNFA ‐308 polymorphism were genotyped in 959 children from the Environment and Childhood Asthma study and analyzed for possible associations with allergic and non‐allergic asthma (with/without at least one positive skin prick test for allergens) and specific allergic sensitization, as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and total IgE, using both allele and extended haplotype analyses. Results: Different genes within the HLA complex were associated with separate asthma and allergy traits. Nonallergic asthma was associated with both the TNFA ‐308A allele [Odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (1.3–2.3)] and DRB1* 03 allele [OR 1.6(1–2.6)], but extended DRB1 *03‐ TNFA ‐308 haplotype analysis suggested that the DRB1 – DQB1 association was secondary to linkage disequilibrium with the TNFA ‐308 polymorphism. Allergies were associated with HLA class II alleles only; birch sensitization with DQB1 *0603‐ DRB1 *13 [OR 2.3 (1.4–4.0)] and mugwort sensitization with DQB1 *0609‐ DRB1 *13 [OR 7.1 (1.9–27.0)] and DQB1 *0501‐ DRB1 *01 [OR 2.0 (1.0–4.0)]. Conclusions: Our data suggests that asthma is not associated with DRB1 or DQB1 but rather TNFA or a gene(s) in linkage disequilibrium, while sensitization to specific allergens is associated with particular alleles at the DQ and/or DR loci. A novel association between DQB1 *0603‐ DRB1 *13 and birch allergy is identified.
Pivotal role of superoxide anion and beneficial effect of antioxidant molecules in murine steatohepatitis
Authors: Alexis Laurent, Carole Nicco, Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu, Didier Borderie, Christiane Chéreau, Filomena Conti, Patrick Jaffray, Olivier Soubrane, Yvon Calmus, Bernard Weill, Frédéric Batteux
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, frequently associated with obesity, can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The pathophysiology of NASH is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available. In view of a potential deleterious role for reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the origin of ROS overproduction in NASH. Mitochondrial production of ROS and its alterations in the presence of antioxidant molecules were studied in livers from ob/ob mice that bear a mutation of the leptin gene and develop experimental NASH. N -acetyl-cysteine and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics ambroxol, manganese [III] tetrakis (5,10,15,20 benzoic acid) (MnTBAP), and copper [II] diisopropyl salicylate (CuDIPS) were used to target different checkpoints of the oxidative cascade to determine the pathways involved in ROS production. Liver mitochondria from ob / ob mice generated more O 2 ° − than those of lean littermates ( P &lt; .01). Ex vivo , all three SOD mimics decreased O 2 ° − generation ( P &lt; .001) and totally inhibited lipid peroxidation ( P &lt; .001) versus untreated ob / ob mice. Those modifications were associated with in vivo improvements: MnTBAP and CuDIPS reduced weight ( P &lt; .02) and limited the extension of histological liver steatosis by 30% and 52%, respectively, versus untreated ob / ob mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate deleterious effects of superoxide anions in NASH and point at the potential interest of nonpeptidyl mimics of SOD in the treatment of NASH in humans. (Hepatology 2004;39:1277-1285.)
Toward a new neuropsychological isomorphism
Authors: M. Occhionero, M. J. Esposito
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The deactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely to be essential for generating some characteristics of the dream. The heterogeneous nature of NREM sleep makes it difficult to assume that there are different NREM dream triggers. Different cortical and subcortical neurophysiological conditions modulate mentation both in waking and in sleeping without any specific direct triggering factor. [Solms]
A simplified technique for the production of experimental aortic regurgitation
Authors: G. J. WILLIAMS, J. ELSTON, J. R. MUIR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

A simple and effective method for the production of aortic incompetence in dogs is described. The instrument used in the procedure can be made easily and is robust. Controlled rupture of one or more of the three aortic valve cusps can be achieved without thoracotomy. There was no immediate operative mortality in the study and the time required to complete the procedure averaged 30 min. No evidence of healing of the cusp rupture could be found at necropsy even in dogs sacrificed 480 days after operation.
The Value of Early Hemodynamic Measurements in the Uncomplicated Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Barry W. Ramo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Value of Early Hemodynamic Measurements in the Uncomplicated Acute Myocardial Infarction.Barry W. Ramo, M.D., Andrew G. Wallace, M.D., F.A.C.P., Frank Starmer, Ph.D., Robert E. Whalen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Barry W. Ramo, M.D., Andrew G. Wallace, M.D., F.A.C.P., Frank Starmer, Ph.D., Robert E. Whalen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-780_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptForty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction and no clinical evidence of heart failure underwent hemodynamic evaluation during the first hour of admission to the hospital. Catheters were placed in the right atrium and radial artery. Twenty-two patients never developed clinical signs of heart failure (group A), and 23 patients developed clinical heart failure (group B). The average age (54 versus 57 years), sex (16 males and 5 females versus 21 males and 2 females) previous history of hypertension (10 versus 9), diabetes (4 versus 3), heart failure (3 versus 5), and number of previous myocardial infarctions (4 versus 5) was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Barry W. Ramo, M.D.; Andrew G. Wallace, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Frank Starmer, Ph.D.; Robert E. Whalen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Durham, N.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 780-780KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionArteriesCathetersHeart failureHemodynamicsHypertensionMyocardial infarction ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Risks of Dental Amalgam in Children—Reply
Authors: Sonja A. McKinlay
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5543: Combining antibody-targeted radiation (radioimmunotherapy) and antibody-SN-38 conjugates (ADC) improves pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Habibe Karacay, Serengulam V. Govindan, Robert M. Sharkey, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We previously reported effective anti-tumor activity in nude mice bearing human pancreatic tumors with 90Y-humanized PAM4 IgG (hPAM4; 90Y-clivatuzumab tetrexetan) that was enhanced when combined with gemcitabine (GEM). These studies led to clinical testing of fractionated 90Y-hPAM4 IgG combined with GEM that is showing encouraging objective responses. While GEM is known for its radiosensitizing ability, alone it is not a very effective therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer and its dose is limited by hematologic toxicity, which is also limiting for 90Y-hPAM4 IgG. We recently reported promising anti-tumor activity with an ADC composed of hRS7 IgG (humanized anti-epithelial glycoprotein-1; EGP-1) and SN-38, the active component of irinotecan. This ADC is very well tolerated in mice (eg, ≥ 60 mg), yet just 4.0 mg (0.5 mg, twice-weekly x 4) is significantly therapeutic. Since EGP-1 is also expressed in most pancreatic cancers, we have examined combinations of 90Y-hPAM4 IgG with RS7-SN-38 in nude mice bearing 0.35 cm3 subcutaneous xenografts of the human pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan-1. Mice (n=10) were treated with a single dose of 90Y-hPAM4 IgG alone (130 µCi, ie, the maximum tolerated dose or 75 µCi), with RS7-SN-38 alone (as above), or combinations of the 2 agents at the two 90Y-hPAM4 dose levels, with the first ADC injection given the same day as the 90Y-hPAM4. All treatments were tolerated, with ≤ 15% loss in body weight. Objective responses occurred in most animals, but they were more robust in both of the combination groups as compared to each agent given alone. All animals in the 0.13 mCi 90Y-hPAM4 IgG + hRS7-SN-38 achieved a tumor-free state within 4 weeks, while other animals continued to have evidence of persistent disease. These studies provide the first evidence that combined radioimmunotherapy and ADC can enhance efficacy at safe doses. (Supported in part by SBIR grant 2R44CA1148 from the NCI.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5543.
THE RESTRICTION OF INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS IN SCHOOLS BY THE USE OF "LOCAL" PROPHYLACTIC VACCINES
Authors: A. I. Simey, J. W. H. Eyre
Journal: BMJ (1922)

IN a recent communication one of us (A.I. S.') described and discussed in general-terms the catarrhal complex which sc frequently attacks in epidemic form aggregations of adolescents such as ate found-in all-public scllools, and which causes the loss of so many selool hours.In th-is communication we wislh to refer to a particular ouitbreak of this clharac- .1zeYFEMUARY ter, and the m e a n s go- adopted to control and |I limit its spread.During the summer term of 1920 an epi-81 - demic of febriledisease of severe influenzoid
Efficacy of phlebotomy theraphy and restriction caloric intake in patients with insulin resistence-associated hepatic iron overload syndrome (IR-HIO)
Authors: Paola Trombini, Anna Vergani, Alessandra Salvioni, Mauro Vigano, Raffaella Mariani, Chiara Corengia, Adele Zoppo, Giuseppe Boari, Alberto Piperno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Improving the Quality of Health Care
Authors: J. Frank Wharam, Daniel Sulmasy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal