tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS
Authors: Seymour S. Cohen, Thomas F. Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

The addition of active or irradiated T2 bacteriophage and T4 bacteriophage to E. coli B stops bacterial multiplication. The respiratory rate and respiratory quotient of the inhibited bacteria remained at the values observed just before infection. A respiratory rate decrease which occasionally appears can be roughly correlated with change of turbidity of the suspension. An intracellular inhibitor of multiplication appears to be liberated into lysates. A similar substance has been separated from normal E. coli B after sonic disintegration. These bacteriostatic preparations contain cytoplasmic granules with lactic acid dehydrogenase activity. The relationship of these phenomena to the interference effect in this system and others has been considered.
Human complement protein D catabolism by the rat kidney.
Authors: P W Sanders, J E Volanakis, S G Rostand, J H Galla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Factor D (D) is an essential component of the alternative complement pathway. To determine whether D is catabolized by the kidney and, if so, at what site, we studied the renal handling of human D by in vivo nephron microperfusion and in vitro perfusion of rat kidneys. Human D was purified and labeled with 125I. Individual nephrons were perfused in vivo at varying rates with perfusate that contained 125I-D and [14C]inulin. When nephrons were perfused from proximal sites with perfusate 125I-D in a concentration of 3.0 micrograms/ml, urinary recovery of 125I-D increased (P less than 0.05) from 57.7 +/- 5.0 to 74.4 +/- 2.5% as tubule fluid flow rate was increased from 10 to 40 nl/min; recovery of 125I-D was less than (P less than 0.001) [14C]inulin recovery at all perfusion rates. At 20 nl/min, an increase in perfusate 125I-D concentration from 1.5 to 3.0 micrograms/ml was associated with an increase (P less than 0.001) in urinary 125I-D recovery (42.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 65.8 +/- 2.6%). Similarly, the addition of unlabeled D, 30 micrograms/ml, to 125I-D, 3.0 micrograms/ml, increased urinary 125I-D recovery (95.3 +/- 2.1%) at 20 nl/min. When nephrons were perfused from early distal segments at 10 nl/min, 125I-D recovery (91.2 +/- 4.3%) did not differ from [14C]inulin recovery (95.8 +/- 1.3%). In the isolated perfused filtering kidney, the concentration of intact 125I-D in the perfusate declined 60.3 +/- 14.6% over 1 h. 83.4 +/- 6.3% of the decrement in 125I-D was catabolized by the kidney; the remainder was excreted in the urine as intact D. When glomerular filtration was prevented by increasing perfusate albumin concentration to 16 g/dl, perfusate intact (125I-D) remained unchanged over 1 h. These data show that human D is catabolized by the kidney via glomerular filtration and reabsorption by the proximal nephron. Reabsorption of D appears to be a saturable process.
The effect of provision of an adrenaline autoinjector on quality of life in children with food allergy
Authors: Gideon D. Pinczower, Nadine A. Bertalli, Neiden Bussmann, Melisa Hamidon, Katrina J. Allen, Audrey DunnGalvin, Jonathan O'B. Hourihane, Lyle C. Gurrin, Mimi L.K. Tang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Transthoracic echocardiogram in a parasternal long axis window
Authors: S. J. Karia, R. H. Kassamali
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Identify the structures labelled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H in this transthoracic echocardiogram in a parasternal long axis window⇓. At which point of the cardiac cycle was …
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Origin of <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutations in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Stephen S. Chung, Eunhee Kim, Jae H. Park, Young Rock Chung, Piro Lito, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Wenhuo Hu, Wendy Beguelin, Sebastien Monette, Cihangir Duy, Raajit Rampal, Leon Telis, Minal Patel, Min Kyung Kim, Kety Huberman, Nancy Bouvier, Michael F. Berger, Ari M. Melnick, Neal Rosen, Martin S. Tallman, Christopher Y. Park, Omar Abdel-Wahab
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

The cell of origin for the chronic lymphoproliferative disorder hairy cell leukemia is a long-term hematopoietic stem cell, as shown through human genetic data and murine genetic models.
ATP-Mediated Erk1/2 Activation Stimulates Bacterial Capture by Filopodia, which Precedes Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells
Authors: Stéphane Romero, Gianfranco Grompone, Nathalie Carayol, Joëlle Mounier, Stéphanie Guadagnini, Marie-Christine Prevost, Philippe J. Sansonetti, Guy Tran Van Nhieu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
The Influence of Smoking Cessation on the Prevalence of Overweight in the United States
Authors: Katherine M. Flegal, Richard P. Troiano, Elsie R. Pamuk, Robert J. Kuczmarski, Stephen M. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The proportion of U.S. adults 35 to 74 years of age who were overweight increased by 9.6 percent for men and 8.0 percent for women between 1978 and 1990. Since the prevalence of smoking declined over the same period, smoking cessation has been suggested as a factor contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight.To estimate the influence of smoking cessation on the increase in the prevalence of overweight, we analyzed data on current and past weight and smoking status for a national sample of 5247 adults 35 years of age or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 through 1991. The results were adjusted for age, sociodemographic characteristics, level of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and (for women) parity.The weight gain over a 10-year period that was associated with the cessation of smoking (i.e., the gain among smokers who quit that was in excess of the gain among continuing smokers) was 4.4 kg for men and 5.0 kg for women. Smokers who had quit within the past 10 years were significantly more likely than respondents who had never smoked to become overweight (odds ratios, 2.4 for men and 2.0 for women). For men, about a quarter (2.3 of 9.6 percentage points) and for women, about a sixth (1.3 of 8.0 percentage points) of the increase in the prevalence of overweight could be attributed to smoking cessation within the past 10 years.Although its health benefits are undeniable, smoking cessation may nevertheless be associated with a small increase in the prevalence of overweight.
Mdm2 Affects Genome Stability Independent of p53
Authors: Alyssa Bouska, Christine M. Eischen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Mdm2 is a critical negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor and is frequently overexpressed in human cancers. However, reports, including our own studies, suggest that Mdm2 has both p53-dependent and p53-independent functions that contribute to genomic instability and transformation when deregulated. We recently elucidated a p53-independent role for Mdm2 in the regulation of the DNA double-strand break repair response, genomic stability, and transformation through interaction with Nbs1, a member of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 DNA double-strand break repair complex. In light of these findings, targeting Mdm2 in human malignancies may have effects other than activating p53.
Specialist training and the EC.
Authors: F. Leyva-Leon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause irreversible damages to essential cellular components such as DNA. Genetically encoded biosensors targeting oxidative stress and DNA-stress have emerged to a powerful analytical tool to assess physiological states in a non-invasive manner. In this study, we aimed to combine the redox biosensor protein Mrx1-roGFP2 with a transcriptional biosensor for DNA-damage based on the P<i><sub>recA</sub></i> promoter fused to a reporter gene (<i>e2-crimson</i>) in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>. Therefore, the redox biosensor strains <i>C. glutamicum</i> WT_Mrx1-roGFP2 and the mycothiol (MSH)-deficient mutant strain <i>C. glutamicum</i> Δ<i>mshC</i>_Mrx1-roGFP2 were equipped with the DNA-stress reporter plasmid pJC1_P<i><sub>recA</sub>_e2-crimson</i>. Exposure of the double-sensor equipped <i>C. glutamicum</i> WT strain to hypochlorite resulted in an oxidative redox shift, accompanied by an induction of the DNA-stress reporter system. In absence of the major non-enzymatic antioxidant MSH, the induction of the DNA-stress response was even more pronounced. This confirms the linkage of oxidative stress and DNA-damage response, and therefore making antioxidants a crucial player to protect DNA. Furthermore, exposure of the double biosensor strains to a DNA-damage inducing agent resulted in an oxidative redox shift. These results suggest a direct link of DNA-damage and oxidative stress response in <i>C. glutamicum</i>. Finally, we observed that inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis by penicillin caused both an oxidative redox shift and a DNA-damage response in <i>C. glutamicum</i>. The excellent compatibility of Mrx1-roGFP2 with E2-Crimson shown here provides a powerful combinatorial biosensor concept for in-depth studies of redox-related physiology in future studies.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia Due to Red Blood Cell Fragmentation Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin
Authors: Bernard Gitler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Since 1989, recombinant human erythropoietin has been available for management of the anemia of end-stage renal disease. 1 There have been reports of the use of erythropoietin in the treatment of other anemias, including anemia of malignancy associated with bone marrow infiltration, 2 anemia of prematurity, 3 zidovudine-induced anemia in human immunodeficiency virus infection, 4 anemia of myelodysplastic syndromes, 5 and anemia of rheumatoid arthritis. 6 I describe two patients who had hemolytic anemia due to red blood cell (RBC) fragmentation in association with prosthetic heart valves. They were treated with erythropoietin, which eliminated their need for blood transfusions.  The first patient was a 75-year-old woman who had rheumatic heart disease and double valve replacement in December 1985 for aortic and mitral stenosis. She received a Starr-Edwards aortic valve and a Medtronic-Hall mitral valve. Eighteen years prior to her heart surgery, she had a splenectomy after a
Community services for people who have had a stroke are "patchy," says watchdog
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Patients in England who have had a stroke are subject to varying quality of care after they leave hospital, depending on where they live, a new review has found.

The review, carried out by the Care Quality Commission, found that some people have no access to specialist rehabilitation stroke services in the community and that the support needed to enable them to be discharged from hospital as early as possible after a stroke was available in just over a third of primary care trusts.

The commission reviewed the performance of all 151 primary care trusts in England and found gaps in rehabilitation services such as physiotherapy.

It found that patients who have had a stroke often …
Points: Dutch doctors in campaign on nuclear weapons
Authors: W J E Verheggen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

ments committees, grant awarding bodies, etc, are more impressed by the quantity than by the quality of published work.Unfortunately, the medical profession can- not seek guidance in proper behaviour from the scientific community, whose morals are questioned because of duplication and fraud.2Among so called pure scientists the ethic of "publish or perish" seems even more revered.Only when it is agreed that scientific communications are intended to further knowledge, rather than careers or egos, will we reach the peak of the present, senseless, exponential
Drug Spotlight on Steroid Therapy
Authors: GEORGE N. AAGAARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorial Notes1 October 1974Drug Spotlight on Steroid TherapyGEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.GEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-551 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe indications for corticosteroid therapy have dramatically expanded during the past 25 years. These drugs are valuable therapeutic tools. Their proper use is a never-ending challenge that demands unending vigilance and good clinical judgment. Prompt use may be crucial in a patient with temporal arteritis. On the other hand, prolonged administration may cause significant adverse effects involving several organ systems. The reduction of dosage or the discontinuation of steroids may be followed by reactivation of a disease that had apparently been controlled.The Drug Spotlight turns on steroids because these drugs offer great benefits together with major potential problems. One... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1974Volume 81, Issue 4Page: 551-551KeywordsCorticosteroid therapyDrug therapyDrugsSteroid therapyTemporal arteritis Issue Published: 1 October 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
<scp>REVIEW</scp>Cytokines and chemokines in the initiation and regulation of epidermal Langerhans cell mobilization
Authors: I. Kimber, M. Cumberbatch, R.J. Dearman, M. Bhushan, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Langerhans cells (LC) are members of the wider family of dendritic cells. LC reside in the epidermis where they serve as sentinels of the immune system, their responsibilities being to sample the external environment for changes and challenges and to deliver information (antigen) to responsive T lymphocytes within skin draining lymph nodes. The ability of LC to migrate from the epidermis to regional lymph nodes is therefore of pivotal importance to the induction of cutaneous immune responses. The journey that LC have to make from the skin has a number of requirements. Initially it is necessary that LC disassociate themselves from surrounding keratinocytes and are liberated from other influences that encourage their retention in the epidermis. Subsequently, migrating LC must successfully traverse the basement membrane of the dermal–epidermal junction and make their way, via afferent lymphatics, to draining lymph nodes. Effective entry into lymph nodes is necessary, as is correct positioning of cells within the paracortex. There is increasing evidence that both cytokines and chemokines, and their interaction with appropriate receptors expressed by LC, orchestrate the mobilization and movement of these cells. We here consider the parts played by these molecules, and how collectively they induce and direct LC migration.
Lead in Dust and Soil
Authors: Richard Rabin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In the editorial note to the article Lead Poisoning—Associated Death From Asian Indian Folk Remedies—Florida, 1 there were listed a number of potential sources of lead poisoning in children that should be investigated. Two important sources that you omitted were  and dust. The latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control note that soil and dust that contain lead are often an important source of lead exposure for  2 The guidelines go on to state that  lead levels exceeding 500 to 1,000 ppm are responsible for an elevation of the blood lead levels of children. 2 In many cities in the United States and Europe, such  lead levels are quite common. 3 In Boston, for example, the average in urban gardens is about 700 ppm, 4 and around the homes of children with elevated lead levels the  lead level is about
DOES TRANSENDOCARDIAL INJECTION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IMPROVE MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION LOCALLY, OR GLOBALLY: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE POSEIDON TRIAL
Authors: Viky Y. Suncion, Eduard Ghersin, Juan Pablo Zambrano, Vasileios Karantalis, Nicole S. Mandel, Katarina H. Nelson, Joel E. Fishman, Gary Gerstenblith, Darcy L. DiFede Velazquez, Elayne Breton, Ivonne H. Schulman, Kranthi Sitammagari, Peter V. Johnston, Jeffrey Brinker, Peter Altman, Muzammil Mushtaq, Barry Trachtenberg, Jose Da Silva, Ian K. McNiece, Albert C. Lardo, Richard T. George, Joshua M. Hare, Alan W. Heldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The rational clinical examination. Is this patient malnourished?
Authors: A. S. Detsky
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>PATIENTS</h3><h3>Case 1</h3> Ten days prior to being seen a 65-year-old man suffered a Wallenberg stroke involving the lateral medulla. This left him with difficulty swallowing. Since that time he had been treated with intravenous fluids, and attempts at eating led to mild aspiration with pneumonia. In that period he lost 6% of his usual body weight and was continuing to lose weight. He felt weak and was able to ambulate only with difficulty, both because of his stroke-related ataxia and generalized weakness. On physical examination there was an obvious squared-off appearance to his shoulders from subcutaneous tissue and muscle wasting. There was no edema. <h3>Case 2</h3> A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for gastric resection of an obstructing gastric carcinoma. He was well until 6 weeks prior to admission when he began to notice the rapid onset of early satiety. This progressed to the point where he
Withdrawal of Life Support
Authors: Thomas J. Prendergast, Kathleen A. Puntillo
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The technology and expertise of critical care practice support patients through life-threatening illnesses. Most recover; some die quickly; others, however, linger--neither improving nor acutely dying, alive but with a dwindling capacity to recover from their injury or illness. Management of these patients is often dominated by the question: Is it appropriate to continue life-sustaining therapy? Patients rarely participate in these pivotal discussions because they are either too sick or too heavily sedated. As a result, the decision often falls to the family or the surrogate decision maker, in consultation with the medical team. Decisions of such import are emotionally stressful and are often a source of disagreement. Failure to resolve such disagreements may create conflict that compromises patient care, engenders guilt among family members, and creates dissatisfaction for health care professionals. However, the potential for strained communications is mitigated if clinicians provide timely clinical and prognostic information and support the patient and family with aggressive symptom control, a comfortable setting, and continuous psychosocial support. Effective communication includes sharing the burden of decision making with family members. This shift from individual responsibility to patient-focused consensus often permits the family to understand, perhaps reluctantly and with great sadness, that intensive caring may involve letting go of life-sustaining interventions.
Peritoneoscopy: New Review of an Old Procedure.
Authors: Robert B. Hope
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Peritoneoscopy: New Review of an Old Procedure.Robert B. Hope, M.D. (Associate)Robert B. Hope, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-910_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPeritoneoscopy is the visualization of the abdominal cavity by means of optical instrument. In other countries, this procedure may be called laparoscopy, abdominoscopy, or celioscopy.Originally European, it was developed independently by Jacobaeus in Sweden and Kelling in Germany. For lack of adequate instruments and simple technique, only one or two cases were reported in this country in 1920's. In 1932 Dr. John Ruddock of Los Angeles and I started to work on this problem; and by 1934 had developed adequate instruments and simple, safe technique. There has been little change in instruments except for modification of biopsy forceps that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert B. Hope, M.D. (Associate)Affiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 910-910KeywordsBiopsyLaparoscopy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in pustulosis palmo-plantaris and pustular psoriasis
Authors: T. TERNOWITZ, K. THESTRUP-PEDERSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte (MN) chemotaxis in nine patients with pustulosis palmo‐plantaris (PPP) and ten patients with pustular psoriasis (PP) was determined by an objective in vitro assay employing a 51Cr‐labelling technique. PMN chemotaxis was significantly enhanced in both groups of patients compared with controls. MN chemotaxis was normal. There was no difference in the chemotactic responsiveness of leukocytes from patients with PPP and PP. The random migration of PMN and MN from the patients was normal. Homogenized tissue specimens from lesional skin with and without pustules, and from perilesional, normal‐looking skin of PPP and PP were analysed for the presence of chemoattractants(s) for PMN. Lesional skin had considerable chemoattractant properties, but perilesional skin did not induce directed migration of PMNs.
Work Physiology in Health and Disease
Authors: Edward P. Luongo
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Physiological principles of work apply both to the able-bodied and the physically impaired. No simple formula exists for evaluating work capacity. Many factors, personal and environmental, not related to physical condition, may determine physiological capacity. Reserve compensation of workers from day to day, in health and disease, cannot be predicted accurately. In radioelectrocardiography and pulmonaryfunction measurement, telemetry holds promise for more useful and accurate evaluation of physical capacity of individuals at work. Telemetry can be used in industrial physiology measurements for cardiopulmonary diseases and other disorders where there is a question of impairment of physical capacity.
'Mild' vitamin A deficiency now major world problem?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Vitamin A deficiency is sufficiently prevalent in developing countries that Alfred Sommer, MD, and colleagues estimate up to 5 million children in Asia alone each year may develop xerophthalmia ( Lancet 1981;1:1407-1408). Last year, after examining each of 3,481 preschool-aged rural Indonesian children seven times over 18 months, Sommer and colleagues reported that  mortality rate among children with mild xerophthalmia [night blindness and/or Bitot's spots] was, on average, four times the rate, and in some age groups eight to 12 times the rate, among children without xerophthalmia.... Mild vitamin A deficiency was directly associated with at least 16% of all deaths in children aged from 1 to 6 years ( Lancet 1983;11:585-588). Following up this quite unexpected finding, the team undertook a study of 30,000 Indonesian children who had not yet developed even mild xerophthalmia. Youngsters from half of a group of paired villages were given a capsule containing 200,000 IU