tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Control and Heart Failure Among Adult Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Carlos Iribarren, Andrew J. Karter, Alan S. Go, Assiamira Ferrara, Jennifer Y. Liu, Stephen Sidney, Joseph V. Selby
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Glycemic control is associated with microvascular events, but its effect on the risk of heart failure is not well understood. We examined the association between hemoglobin (Hb) A Ic and the risk of heart failure hospitalization and/or death in a population-based sample of adult patients with diabetes and assessed whether this association differed by patient sex, heart failure pathogenesis, and hypertension status. Methods and Results —A cohort design was used with baseline between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996, and follow-up through December 31, 1997 (median 2.2 years). Participants were 25 958 men and 22 900 women with (predominantly type 2) diabetes, ≥19 years old, with no known history of heart failure. There were a total of 935 events (516 among men; 419 among women). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, obesity, use of β-blockers and ACE inhibitors, type and duration of diabetes, and incidence of interim myocardial infarction, each 1% increase in Hb A Ic was associated with an 8% increased risk of heart failure (95% CI 5% to 12%). An Hb A Ic ≥10, relative to Hb A Ic &lt;7, was associated with 1.56-fold (95% CI 1.26 to 1.93) greater risk of heart failure. Although the association was stronger in men than in women, no differences existed by heart failure pathogenesis or hypertension status. Conclusions —These results confirm previous evidence that poor glycemic control may be associated with an increased risk of heart failure among adult patients with diabetes.
Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Weldon J. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE statement that lanatoside is replacing homicide as a leading cause of death in the United States is greatly exaggerated. However, approximately 20% of hospitalized patients receiving digitalis preparations manifest some evidence of toxicity. The frequency of adverse reactions can and should be reduced without depriving patients of the benefits of digitalis. This drug remains the key to effective therapy for heart failure. Old concepts of "digitalization" have contributed to frequent digitalis toxicity. New knowledge of the pharmacology of digitalis, the development of more effective diuretic agents, and clearer insight into the physiology of myocardial failure allow safer and more effective treatment. This information will enable physicians to become more comfortable and confident in the use of these agents. The major effect of digitalis is to increase the strength and velocity of myocardial contraction.<sup>1</sup>This is accomplished by making more calcium available to the contractile proteins. Increased contractility is
TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN DUE TO URETERAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: A. J. CROWELL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Pain due to ureteral obstruction and pain produced by intra-abdominal conditions are often confused with each other. To differentiate between them frequently requires the most painstaking investigation, and presupposes a comprehensive knowledge of the exact mechanism of ureteral obstruction as well as a familiarity with those intraperitoneal conditions which produce pains simulating those caused by ureteral obstruction. I realize the occasional difficulty of properly interpreting the clinical symptoms and physical findings in a given case, but by means of the cystoscope, roentgen ray and a well equipped laboratory, the nature of the majority of such conditions can be ascertained very definitely. The presence of pus in the urine may not signify serious trouble, since it may have its origin in the genitalia or urethra, yet grave conditions, such as tuberculosis of the kidney, pyelonephritis, ureter or kidney stone, may exist with comparatively few pus cells in the urine. The same
Non-penetrating Injuries of the Abdomen
Authors: Th. Schrire
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MEDICAL JOURNA'LThe B.S.R. group of 10 and&over covers a variation from 10 to 100, and in Table IV a further subdivision is made of these values, taking 35 as an arbitrary dividing-line.The numbers at risk are so small that the trend of the death rates can be accepted as only suggestive; but the indication they give is that later mortality is likely to be lower with B.S.R. remaining steady at 10-35 or improving during treatment to that level from ever 35 than it will be with an unimproved level of 35 or over at admission and discharge or a rise from 10-35 to over 35.TABLE IV.-Percentage Mortality Rates after Discharge in lRelation to High B.S.R. Figures MALES Blood Sedimentation Rate Duration of' 10_____35 ___on_ Observation 10-35 at 35 and Over 35 and Over 10-35 on after Discharge Admission at Admission at Admission and 35 and (months) and and and 10-35 on Over on Discharge Discharge Discharge Discharge Under 6 .. ..
A potent antiangiogenic factor, endostatin prevents the development of asthma in a murine model
Authors: Yasue Suzaki, Kaoru Hamada, Masayuki Sho, Toshihiro Ito, Kenichi Miyamoto, Satoru Akashi, Hisanori Kashizuka, Naoya Ikeda, Yoshiyuki Nakajima, Michiko Iwase, Ikuo Homma, Lester Kobzik, Hiroshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Optimal Medical Therapy for Prevention of Spontaneous Myocardial Infarction in Subjects With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Seema Pursnani, Sunil Kumar, Pantelis G. Bagos
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Contemporary studies have shown that spontaneous but not procedural myocardial infarction (MI) is related to subsequent mortality. Whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces spontaneous (nonprocedural) MI is unknown.PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized clinical trials until October 2012 comparing PCI with optimal medical therapy (OMT) for stable ischemic heart disease and reporting MI outcomes: spontaneous nonprocedural MI, procedural MI, and all MI, including procedure-related MI. Given the varying length of follow-up between trials, a mixed-effect Poisson regression meta-analysis was used. From 12 randomized clinical trials with 37 548 patient-years of follow-up, PCI compared with OMT alone was associated with a significantly lower incident rate ratio (IRR) for spontaneous nonprocedural MI (IRR=0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.99) at the risk of a higher rate of procedural MI (IRR=4.11; 95% CI, 2.53-6.88) without any difference in the risk of all MI (IRR=0.96; 95% CI, 0.74-1.21). The point estimate for PCI versus OMT for all-cause mortality (IRR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.75-1.03) and cardiovascular mortality (IRR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.44-1.09) paralleled that for spontaneous nonprocedural MI (but not procedural or all nonfatal MI), although these were not statistically significant.PCI compared with OMT reduced spontaneous MI at the risk of procedural MI without any difference in all MI. Consistent with prior studies showing that spontaneous MI but not procedural MI is related to subsequent mortality, in the present report the point estimate for reduced mortality with PCI compared with OMT paralleled the prevention of spontaneous MI with PCI. Further studies are needed to determine whether these associations are causal.
Abstract 5587: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract suppresses adrenocortical cancer cell proliferation and growth through modulation of the cell cycle pathway and steroidogenic activity
Authors: Victoria C. Brennan, Chiung-Min Wang, Wei-Hsiung Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Malignant adrenal tumors or adrenocortical carcinomas are relatively rare; however, this form of cancer is highly malignant and presents with extremely poor prognosis as a consequence of metastasis or local invasion at the time of diagnosis. One of the approaches to control cancer progression and reduce cancer risk is prevention through diet. Bitter melon is widely consumed as a vegetable and especially as a traditional medicine in China, India, Japan, and Taiwan. In this study, we have used human and mouse adrenocortical cancer cells, H295R and Y1, respectively, as an in vitro model to assess the efficacy of bitter melon extract (BME) as an anticancer agent. First, we find that BME treatment of adrenocortical cancer cells results in a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and growth. We also find that bitter melon extract has stronger anti-proliferation effect than blueberry extract on adrenocortical cancer cells. As expected, extracts from Acorn squash and Zucchini, two vegetables from the same Family of Cucurbitaceae as bitter melon, do not decrease cell proliferation in adrenocortical cancer cells. Second, apoptosis of adrenocortical cancer cells is accompanied by increased caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Further studies reveal that BME treatment enhances p53, p21, Mdm2, and ATF3 and inhibits cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cycline D3, mTOR, and JNK expression, suggesting an additional mechanism involving cell cycle regulation, cell motility, cell survival, and cell differentiation. Third, BME treatment also decreases steroidogenic activities in adrenocortical cancer cells by Western blotting and reporter gene assay. BME treatment of adrenocortical cancer cells results in a significant dose-dependent decrease in levels of NR5A1/SF1, MC2R, StAR proteins. Interestingly, we find that BME treatment decreases the level of phospho-CDK7, which is required, at least in part, for NR5A1/SF1 activation. Taken together, these data illustrate that inhibitory effect of bitter melon on the growth and proliferation of adrenocortical cancer cells through modulation of the cell cycle regulation and steroidogenic pathways. Therefore, BME can be used as a dietary supplement for prevention of adrenocortical cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5587
1084. A Screen for Host Cellular Proteins That Interact with Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins
Authors: Bassel Akache, Daria Glazer, Julie Park, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Vectors from adeno-associated virus (AAV) appear very promising for use in some gene therapy applications, and have even shown success in animal models. Different serotypes of AAV have been found, each having different properties. For example, it has been shown that AAV-8 uncoats more readily than AAV-2 in the nuclei of hepatocytes in mouse liver, possibly explaining the more robust AAV-8 |[ndash]|transduction efficiencies (Thomas et al., Journal of Virology, 2004, 78 (6) p. 3110|[ndash]|3224). Our goal is to better understand the mechanisms of AAV capsid uncoating in vivo. One approach is to identify cellular proteins that interact with the capsid, and perhaps establish if certain proteins interact with the capsids in a serotype-specific manner. Towards this end, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify cellular proteins that interact with different domains of the AAV-8 capsid. In one of the screens, using the middle portion of the AAV capsid protein VP3 as bait against a mouse liver cDNA library, we found that over half of the library clones recovered encoded part of the same hypothetical ORF AK014478. These clones did interact with the corresponding portion of the AAV-2 capsid, indicating this interaction is not serotype-specific. However, they did not interact with the C- or N-terminal portions of the capsid protein. Homologues for this hypothetical protein have been found only in certain vertebrates and insects, and the human homologue has been shown to localize to the mitochondria. Additional clones isolated from these and related screens are currently being identified, and their association with AAV-capsid proteins are being verified by independent assays. By identifying these cellular proteins such as the one encoded by AK014478 we can better understand the mechanisms behind AAV entry and uncoating in the cell, and design better vectors for gene transfer.
Sexual Assaults on Women and Girls
Authors: CHARLES R. HAYMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorials1 February 1970Sexual Assaults on Women and GirlsCHARLES R. HAYMAN, M.D.CHARLES R. HAYMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-277 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1968 the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported for the calendar year 31,060 forcible and attempted rapes and statutory rapes with force. The increase of 84% since 1960 is part of a general expression of increased violence, shown by similar increases in murder, aggravated assault, and robbery. The victim risk rate per 100,000 females was 62 in the large-core cities, 23 in the suburbs, and 17 in rural areas. Both city and suburban rates are rising rapidly (1). Cases reported to the FBI represent complaints received by police departments which are carried toward conviction of an aggressor. The police have...References1. Forcible rape, in Uniform Crime Reports for the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigations, Washington, D.C., 1968, pp. 11-13 Google Scholar2. HAYMANLANZAFUENTES CCR: Sexual assault on women and girls in the District of Columbia. Southern Med J 62:1227-1231, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SCHIFF A: Statistical features of rape, J Forensic Sci 14:1 102-110, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. ENNIS P: Crimes, Victims, and the Police, Transaction 37, St. Louis, Mo., Washington University Press, 1967 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. OLIVEN J: The child as victim of sexual aggression and forcible assault, seduction and molestation, in Sexual Hygiene and Pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Co., pp. 55-71, 272-276 Google Scholar6. CAMPS F: Sexual assault (male or female), in Encyclopedia of General Practice, vol 5, edited by ABERCROMBIE GF, MC-CONAGHEY RMS, London, Butterworths, 1963, pp. 308-312 Google Scholar7. EATONVASTBINDER AE: The sexually molested child. Clin Pediat (Phila) 8:8, 436-441, 1969 Google Scholar8. RUPP J: Sperm survival and prostatic acid phosphatase activity in victims of sexual assault. J Forensic Sci 14:2, 177-183, 1969 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Public Health Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEarly sexual experience as a factor in prostitutionRape in the District of Columbia 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 277-278KeywordsAssaultHomicideRural areas ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Exposure of Children with Cystic Fibrosis to Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Authors: B K Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In children, passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been associated with growth suppression and an increased frequency of respiratory tract infections. On the assumption that this association would be more pronounced in children with chronic pulmonary disease, we examined the growth, nutritional status, lung function, and clinical condition of children with cystic fibrosis in relation to their exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.We studied 43 children (age, 6 to 11 years) on entry to a summer camp and then again after two weeks in this smoke-free environment. Twenty-four of the children (56 percent) came from homes with smokers.There appeared to be a dose-dependent relation between the estimate of smoke exposure (cigarettes smoked per day in the home) and overall severity of disease, as assessed by the age-adjusted rate of hospital admissions (r = 0.58), peak expiratory flow rate (r = -0.39), and measures of growth and nutrition, including weight percentile (r = -0.37), height percentile (r = -0.44), midarm circumference (r = -0.42), and triceps skin-fold thickness (r = -0.31). These effects were most evident in the girls. When only the 24 children from homes with smokers were analyzed, however, the dose-dependent relation was present only for the number of hospital admissions and for height. Among the children with good lung function (n = 21) or with normal weight for height (n = 27) at the start of camp, those who had been exposed to tobacco smoke gained significantly more weight during the two weeks of camp than did the children from smoke-free homes.These data suggest that passive exposure to tobacco smoke adversely affects the growth and health of children with cystic fibrosis, although the possibility cannot be ruled out that social, economic, or other factors determined both the smoking status of the household and the nutritional status of the children.
Drug Treatment of Asthma
Authors: L.J. DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977Drug Treatment of AsthmaL.J. DAVISL.J. DAVISSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-794_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article "Drug Therapy in the Management of Asthma" by VanArsdel and Paul (Ann Intern Med 87:68-74, 1977) is an excellent review. A few points should be clarified regarding aminophylline therapy. In patients not responding to usual doses, the authors recommend that the dose of aminophylline be increased to the point of toxicity (that is, nausea, abdominal pain, nervousness, headache, and tachycardia) and then reduced slightly. However, several recent articles (1-4) do not recommend this practice.Hendeles and colleagues (1) reported that nausea and vomiting occurred in less than 50% of patients who developed life-threatening toxicity from...References1. HENDELES L: Frequent toxicity from IV aminophylline infusions in critically ill patients. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 11:12-18, 1977 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. KORDASH T, VAN DELLEN R, and MCCALL J: Theophylline concentrations in asthmatic patients after administration of aminophylline. JAMA 238:139-141, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WEINBERGER M, MATTHAY R, GINCHANSKY E, CHIDSEY C, and PETTY T: Intravenous aminophylline dosage. Use of serum theophylline measurement for guidance. JAMA 235:2110-2113, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ZWILLICH C, SUTTON F, NEFF T, COHN W, MATTHAY R, and WEINBERGER M: Theophylline-induced seizures in adults. Correlation with serum concentrations. Ann Intern Med 82:784-787, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar5. JUSKO W, KOUP J, VANCE J, SCHENTAG J, and KURITZKY P: Intravenous theophylline therapy: nomogram guidelines. Ann Intern Med 86:400-404, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar1. KORY R, BERGMANN J, SWEET R, and SMITH J: Comparative evaluation of oxygen therapy techniques. JAMA 179:767-772, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. POULTON E and ADAMS T: Oxygen tents and nasal catheters. Br Med J 1:567-571, 1936 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WINELAND A and WATERS R: Oxygen therapy. Arch Surg 22:67-71, 1931 CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. MARRIOTT H and ROBSON K: Oxygen administration by nasal catheter. Br Med J 1:154-157, 1936 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: L.J. DAVIS PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6Page: 794-795KeywordsAbdominal painAnxietyAsthmaDrug therapyHeadachesNauseaTachycardiaToxicityVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
A sensitive bead assay for antimitochondrial antibodies: Chipping away at AMA-negative primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Sabine Oertelt, Roman Rieger, Carlo Selmi, Pietro Invernizzi, Aftab A. Ansari, Ross L. Coppel, Mauro Podda, Patrick S.C. Leung, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract The antimitochondrial response in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the most highly directed and specific self-reacting antibody in human immunopathology. Originally, antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and found in approximately 90% of well-documented patients with PBC. The introduction of recombinant autoantigens and the use of immunoblotting have increased the sensitivity and specificity of AMAs, and they are now considered positive in approximately 95% of patients with PBC. Clearly, accurate autoantibody detection represents one of the fundamental requirements for reliable diagnostics in autoimmunity. To address the 5% of AMA-negative patients with PBC, we have generated and validated a bead assay for the detection of AMA. We enrolled 120 patients with PBC, including a non-random group of 30 rigorously proven AMA-negative patients, 50 healthy subjects, and 74 controls with autoimmune diseases (18 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 16 with autoimmune hepatitis, and 40 with systemic lupus erythematosus). Individual bead assays were done with the three mitochondrial autoantigens, PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2, and OGDC-E2. As expected, 90 of 90 previously known AMA-positive patients remained positive with this assay but, interestingly, 20% of the rigorously defined AMA-negative patient group had antibodies to one or more of the mitochondrial autoantigens. Furthermore, 100% of these newly detected AMA-positive patients were anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positive. Conclusion: The development of this assay reflects the potential for automated detection with rapid and reliable assaying and further highlights the diminished number of truly AMA-negative PBC patients. (Hepatology 2007;45:659–665.)