tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
O131 GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IDENTIFIES RISK VARIANT IN THE SH2B3 REGION
Authors: Y.S. de Boer, N.M. van Gerven, B. Verwer, A. Zwiers, B. van Hoek, K.J. van Erpecum, U. Beuers, H.R. van Buuren, J.P.H. Drenth, J.W. den Ouden, R.C. Verdonk, G.H. Koek, J.T. Brouwer, M.M.J. Guichelaar, J.M. Vrolijk, G. Kraal, C.J.J. Mulder, C.M.J. van Nieuwkerk, J. Fischer, T. Berg, F. Stickel, C. Sarrazin, C. Schramm, A.W. Lohse, C. Weiler-Normann, M.M. Lerch, M. Nauck, H. Völzke, G. Homuth, E. Bloemena, V. Kumar, A. Zhernakova, C. Wijmenga, L. Franke, G. Bouma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A comparison between the star excursion balance test and subjective assessment of knee stability in a single-leg squat
Authors: K Steffen, A Nilstad, E Kristianslund, T Krosshaug, G Myklebust, R Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Excessive dynamic knee valgus may leave athletes prone to serious knee injuries. The Star Excursion Balance Test (StarReach) is an objective clinical test, well applicable for non-clinicians, to identify athletes with ankle instability, but it's potential to detect athletes with reduced knee control has not been examined. Objective To compare StarReach test performance with subjective assessment of dynamic knee valgus during a single-leg squat in female athletes. Design Controlled, laboratory study. Setting Norwegian female elite team handball and football. Participants This study is part of an ongoing cohort study aimed at investigating risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Since 2007, a total of 321 handball and 246 football players (22±4 years) have been included. Main outcome measures A physiotherapist assessed how well players stabilised their knees while performing a single-leg squat, and scored their performance as ‘good’, ‘reduced’ or ‘poor’. Maximum reach distances in the StarReach test were measured on both feet in the antero-, medio- and posterolateral directions. A total of 440 players were tested. Results StarReach test performance (reach distance adjusted for leg length) was significantly better for those players who were scored with ‘good’ versus ‘poor’ knee stability (p&lt;0.01): anterolateral direction 100.1 cm (SD 8.7 cm) vs 92.0 (9.4) right and 93.4 (6.4) vs 88.7 (7.3) left knee; mediolateral 96.7 (6.7) vs 91.0 (7.8) right and 97.1 (6.2) vs 90.3 (6.9) left knee; posterolateral 105.7 (6.5) vs 98.9 (8.7) right and 106.0 (6.2) vs 98.7 (7.8) left knee. However, correlation coefficients between objective and subjective tests varied between 0.18 and 0.32 for knee stability. Conclusion Poor relationships between StarReach-test performance and subjective scores illustrate why these two tests cannot be used interchangeably to assess knee stability. Further investigations are needed to determine whether any of these tests can predict increased knee injury risk.
Extracorporeal Enzyme Reactors for Depletion of Phenylalanine in Phenylketonuria
Authors: CLARA M. AMBRUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Multitubular enzyme reactors with immobilized enzymes were developed to achieve depletion of circulating substrate by extracorporeal means. To act as prototypes, reactors were prepared with immobilized L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme that metabolizes phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia without the need for a coenzyme. We report the first application of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase reactors in an extracorporeal circulation system in a patient with phenylketonuria. A phenylalanine level of 1.82 mmol/L (for the last 6 years) decreased to 1.24 mmol/L after 5.5. hours of treatment, without the enzyme entering the circulation. Total phenylalanine depletion from blood and tissue stores was estimated at 1800 mg. The hemodialysis-like procedure proved to be without side effects, specific for phenylalanine, and suitable in the management of pregnant women with phenylketonuria and late-onset hyperphenylalaninemia. The extracorporeal use of enzyme reactors for temporary enzyme replacement represents a new, safe, and effective therapeutic modality.
A chronically implanted system for automatic defibrillation in active conscious dogs. Experimental model for treatment of sudden death from ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: M Mirowski, M M Mower, A Langer, M S Heilman, J Schreibman
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Ventricular defibrillation was acheived in active conscious dogs with a chronically implanted automatic system composed of a defibrillator and an alternating current fibrillator. The hermetically sealed defibrillator is encased in titanium, weighs 250 g and has a volume of 145 ml. The sensor continuously monitors ventricular electircal activity and recognizes fibrillation by the absence of isoelectric potential segments. Fibrillation is induced by placing a magnet over the implanted fibrillator. The resulting syncope closely resembles the clinical entity of sudden death, while the defibrillator automatically restores normal rhythm with a truncated exponential pulse of 30 J, 15 seconds after the onset of the arrhythmia. The operational status of the defibrillator can be tested in vitro and noninvasively in vivo with an external analyzer. This experimental model allows for the first time a long-term study of the automatic implantable defibrillator approach to prevent sudden death from ventricular fibrillation under a variety of physiopathologic conditions.
Comparison of the time courses of insulin and the portal signal on hepatic glucose and glycogen metabolism in the conscious dog.
Authors: M J Pagliassotti, L C Holste, M C Moore, D W Neal, A D Cherrington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To investigate the temporal response of the liver to insulin and portal glucose delivery, somatostatin was infused into four groups of 42-h-fasted, conscious dogs (n = 6/group), basal insulin and glucagon were replaced intraportally, and hyperglycemia was created via a peripheral glucose infusion for 90 min (period 1). This was followed by a 240-min experimental period (period 2) in which hyperglycemia was matched to period 1 and either no changes were made (CON), a fourfold rise in insulin was created (INS), a portion of the glucose (22.4 mumol.kg-1.min-1) was infused via the portal vein (Po), or a fourfold rise in insulin was created in combination with portal glucose infusion (INSPo). Arterial insulin levels were similar in all groups during period 1 (approximately 45 pM) and were 45 +/- 9, 154 +/- 20, 43 +/- 7, and 128 +/- 14 pM during period 2 in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. The hepatic glucose load was similar between periods and among groups (approximately 278 mumol.kg-1.min-1). Net hepatic glucose output was similar among groups during period 1 (approximately 0.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1) and did not change significantly in CON during period 2. In INS net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU; mumol.kg-1.min-1) was -3.8 +/- 3.3 at 15 min of period 2 and did not reach a maximum (-15.9 +/- 6.6) until 90 min. In contrast, NHGU reached a maximum of -13.0 +/- 3.7 in Po after only 15 min of period 2. In INSPo, NHGU reached a maximum (-23.6 +/- 3.5) at 60 min. Liver glycogen accumulation during period 2 was 21 +/- 10, 84 +/- 17, 65 +/- 16, and 134 +/- 17 mumol/gram in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. The increment (period 1 to period 2) in the active form of liver glycogen synthase was 0.7 +/- 0.4, 6.5 +/- 1.2, 2.8 +/- 1.0, and 8.5 +/- 1.3% in CON, INS, Po, and INSPo, respectively. Thus, in contrast to insulin, the portal signal rapidly activates NHGU. In addition, the portal signal independent of a rise in insulin, can cause glycogen accumulation in the liver.
Readmissions after Hospitalization for Heart Failure, Acute Myocardial Infarction, or Pneumonia among Young and Middle-Aged Adults: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Isuru Ranasinghe, Yongfei Wang, Kumar Dharmarajan, Angela F. Hsieh, Susannah M. Bernheim, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Patients aged ≥ 65 years are vulnerable to readmissions due to a transient period of generalized risk after hospitalization. However, whether young and middle-aged adults share a similar risk pattern is uncertain. We compared the rate, timing, and readmission diagnoses following hospitalization for heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and pneumonia among patients aged 18-64 years with patients aged ≥ 65 years.We used an all-payer administrative dataset from California consisting of all hospitalizations for HF (n=206,141), AMI (n=107,256), and pneumonia (n=199,620) from 2007-2009. The primary outcomes were unplanned 30-day readmission rate, timing of readmission, and readmission diagnoses. Our findings show that the readmission rate among patients aged 18-64 years exceeded the readmission rate in patients aged ≥ 65 years in the HF cohort (23.4% vs. 22.0%, p<0.001), but was lower in the AMI (11.2% vs. 17.5%, p<0.001) and pneumonia (14.4% vs. 17.3%, p<0.001) cohorts. When adjusted for sex, race, comorbidities, and payer status, the 30-day readmission risk in patients aged 18-64 years was similar to patients ≥ 65 years in the HF (HR 0.99; 95%CI 0.97-1.02) and pneumonia (HR 0.97; 95%CI 0.94-1.01) cohorts and was marginally lower in the AMI cohort (HR 0.92; 95%CI 0.87-0.96). For all cohorts, the timing of readmission was similar; readmission risks were highest between days 2 and 5 and declined thereafter across all age groups. Diagnoses other than the index admission diagnosis accounted for a substantial proportion of readmissions among age groups <65 years; a non-cardiac diagnosis represented 39-44% of readmissions in the HF cohort and 37-45% of readmissions in the AMI cohort, while a non-pulmonary diagnosis represented 61-64% of patients in the pneumonia cohort.When adjusted for differences in patient characteristics, young and middle-aged adults have 30-day readmission rates that are similar to elderly patients for HF, AMI, and pneumonia. A generalized risk after hospitalization is present regardless of age. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Successful endoscopic therapy of intrahepatic bile leaks following hepatic gunshot injury: Report of two cases
Authors: M. Spinn, D. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

There are virtually no reports of gunshot wounds causing intrahepatic bile duct leaks, although extrahepatic bile duct injuries following hepatic gunshot wounds are common [1] [2] [3] [4]. We present two cases of successful endoscopic management in patients with delayed presentation of intrahepatic bile leaks resulting from hepatic gunshot injuries.
Scintigraphic Detection of Bile Leaks After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: AMILCARE GENTILI, ROBERT C. GILKESON, LEE P. ADLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely accepted as an alternative to traditional open cholecystectomy. Its advantages are a shorter hospital stay, earlier return to normal activity, less pain, and improved cosmetic results. However, in the initial experience with this technique, biliary leaks were several times more frequent than in traditional cholecystectomy. Four cases of scintigraphic detection of biliary leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are described. The results of the examination are compared in two cases with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and in the remaining two with intraoperative findings. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is suggested for early evaluation of postoperative complications involving the biliary system.
Troponin I Phosphorylation in the Normal and Failing Adult Human Heart
Authors: Geza S. Bodor, Annette E. Oakeley, Paul D. Allen, Dan L. Crimmins, Jack H. Ladenson, Page A. W. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In the failing human heart myofibrillar calcium sensitivity of tension development is greater and maximal myofibrillar ATPase activity is less than in the normal heart. Phosphorylation of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI)–specific NH 2 -terminus decreases myofilament sensitivity to calcium, while phosphorylation of other cTnI sites decreases maximal myofibrillar ATPase activity. Methods and Results We examined cTnI phosphorylation in left ventricular myocardium collected from failing hearts at the time of transplant (n=20) and normal hearts from trauma victims (n=24). The relative amounts of actin, tropomyosin, and TnI did not differ between failing and normal myocardium. Using Western blot analysis with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that recognizes the striated muscle TnI isoforms, we confirmed that the adult human heart expresses only cTnI. A cTnI-specific MAb recognized two bands of cTnI, designated cTnI 1 and cTnI 2 , while a MAb whose epitope is located in the cTnI-specific NH 2 -terminus recognized only cTnI 1 . Alkaline phosphatase decreased the relative amount of cTnI 1 , while protein kinase A and protein kinase C increased cTnI 1 . The percentage of cTnI made up of cTnI 1 , the phosphorylated form of TnI, is greater in the normal than the failing human heart ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions This phosphorylation difference could underlie the reported greater myofibrillar calcium sensitivity of failing myocardium. The functional consequence of this difference may be an adaptive or maladaptive response to the lower and longer calcium concentration transient of the failing heart, eg, enhancing force development or producing ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and left‐sided heart disease in sickle cell disease: Clinical characteristics and association with soluble adhesion molecule expression
Authors: Elizabeth S. Klings, Demedrick Anton Bland, Dara Rosenman, Stephanie Princeton, Adam Odhiambo, Guihua Li, Sheilah A. Bernard, Martin H. Steinberg, Harrison W. Farber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a risk factor for mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD), has pathologic features of both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH related to left-sided heart disease (LHD) suggesting a link between these two entities. We hypothesized that both are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and increased adhesion molecule expression. SCD patients and normal volunteers underwent a screening questionnaire, echocardiogram, and blood donation for preparation of platelet-poor plasma. PAH was defined as a tricuspid regurgitant jet (TRJ) velocity > or =2.5 m/sec and/or the presence of isolated right ventricular hypertrophy or decreased systolic function. LHD was defined as either left-sided systolic/diastolic dysfunction or significant valvular disease. Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P- and E-selectin, nitric oxide (NO(x)), erythropoietin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Forty-three percent of sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and 28% of hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) disease patients had PAH. Additionally, 10-15% of SCD patients had LHD. VCAM-1 levels were significantly increased in HbSS patients compared with HbSC patients and normal volunteers. VCAM-1 and P-selectin levels correlated positively with TRJ velocity in HbSS patients (r = 0.45, P = 0.03, r = 0.2, P = 0.05, respectively). ICAM-1, E-selectin, NO(x), erythropoietin, and VEGF levels were similar across subject groups. PH is common in SCD and, at times, due to LHD. Increased VCAM-1 and P-selectin expression was associated with TRJ elevation regardless of etiology suggesting a similar effect on endothelial gene expression and possibly providing a pathologic link between PAH and PH related to LHD in SCD.
Health promotion in the general practice consultation: a minute makes a difference.
Authors: A. Wilson, P. McDonald, L. Hayes, J. Cooney
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To see whether extending appointment length from seven and a half minutes or less to 10 minutes per patient would increase health promotion in general practice consultations. DESIGN--Controlled trial of 10 minute appointments. Consultations were compared with control surgeries in which the same doctors booked patients at their normal rate (median six minutes per patient). SETTING--10 general practices in Nottinghamshire. SUBJECTS--16 general practitioners were recruited. Entry criteria were a booking rate of eight or more patients an hour, a wish for longer consultations, and plans to increase appointment length. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Duration of consultations; recording of blood pressure, weight, and cervical cytology in the medical record; recording of advice about smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, and immunisation in the medical record; reporting of the above activities by patients. RESULTS--Mean consultation times were 8.25 minutes in the experimental sessions and 7.04 and 7.16 minutes in the control sessions. Recording of blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and advice about immunisation was significantly more frequent in the experimental sessions, and the proportion of consultations in which one or more items of health education were recorded in the medical notes increased by an average of over 6% in these sessions. Patients more often reported discussion of smoking and alcohol consumption and coverage of previous health problems in the experimental sessions. There was little change in discussion of exercise, diet, and weight or cervical cytology activity. CONCLUSIONS--Shortage of time is a major factor in general practitioners' failure to realise their potential in health promotion. General practice should be organised so that doctors can run 10 minute appointment sessions.
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST AND LOW RATES OF BYSTANDER-INITIATED CPR: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED EDUCATION INTERVENTION
Authors: Emil L. Fosbol, Benjamin Strauss, Douglas Swanson, Brent Myers, Matthew Dupre, Brian McNally, Monique Anderson, Akshay Bagai, Lisa Monk, J. Garvey, Matthew Bitner, James Jollis, Christopher Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Specific Prophylaxis of Gonorrheal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Authors: Paul C. Barsam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Of all the infectious agents that afflict the eyes of the newborn infant the most serious and historically the commonest is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Numerous other infectious agents such as Staphy-lococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans or hemolyticus, Haemophilus influenzae and, rarely, a number of other bacteria may be the cause of conjunctivitis. However, most of these appear later than the fifth day of life, and frank purulent discharge is rarely seen.1 The adoption of legislation in most parts of the world has brought about a great advance in the prevention of gonorrheal conjunctivitis. In the United States 49 of . . .
Continuing Bisphosphonate Treatment for Osteoporosis — For Whom and for How Long?
Authors: Dennis M. Black, Douglas C. Bauer, Ann V. Schwartz, Steven R. Cummings, Clifford J. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

There is controversy over the ideal duration of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis, given reports of atypical subtrochanteric fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw. But some subgroups of patients may benefit from continuing therapy beyond 3 to 5 years.
The Geographic Distribution of Measles in the United States, 1980 Through 1989
Authors: Bradley S. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To describe the geographic distribution of measles cases in the United States by county for the 10-year period from 1980 through 1989.Ecological analysis of national measles surveillance data.Measles cases reported to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from 1980 through 1989 were analyzed. Data from the 1980 and 1990 US censuses were used to produce demographic profiles for each of the 3137 countries. Outcome variables examined included mean annual incidence and number of years reporting measles, with use of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to examine the association between the demographic and the two outcome variables.A total of 56,775 measles cases were reported during the decade. Of the nation's 3137 counties, 1690 (53.9%) did not report any cases; only 17 (0.5%) reported measles in all 10 years. Counties reporting measles more frequently during the decade had higher median populations, population densities, and percentage of black and Hispanic populations than those counties reporting less frequently. Population size, population density, and percentage of Hispanic population were associated with number of years reporting measles and mean annual measles incidence rate. Measles cases in counties reporting measles every year predominantly occurred in unvaccinated preschoolers; cases in counties reporting less frequently predominantly occurred in vaccinated school-aged children.This analysis illustrates the focal nature of measles in the United States during the past decade. Most counties have not reported a single case of measles during the entire decade, and only 17 counties reported measles every year. Targeted strategies are needed to improve age-appropriate immunization levels among preschool-aged children living in large inner-city areas.
C5-02: A randomized trial of active symptom control (ASC) with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. First results of the Medical Research Council / British Thoracic Society MS01 trial
Authors: Martin Muers, Patricia Fisher, Mary O'Brien, Michael Peake, Robin Rudd, Michael Snee, Jeremy Steele, Matthew Nankivell, Cheryl Pugh, Richard J. Stephens
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Families at risk of colorectal cancer: who are they?
Authors: F Kee, B J Collins
Journal: Gut (1992)

The first degree kinships of 305 index cases have been studied to determine whether an early age of onset or a particular site distribution characterizes familial aggregations of colorectal cancer. The probands comprised 100 patients aged 55-74 years and 205 patients under 55 years at diagnosis and were drawn from a large population database. Ascertainment and verification were complete for 2566 of 2657 first degree relatives. The history of cancer in 296 relatives was validated in 96% of cases from medical or other records. Among kinships ascertained through index cases under 55 years of age, less than 5% had three or more individuals affected by colorectal cancer. The comparable proportion of older probands9 families was 3%. Probands with proximal disease were no more likely to have a positive family history of bowel cancer than those with disease distal to the splenic flexure. These findings are consistent with other population based studies of the epidemiology of familial colorectal cancer but contrast with reviews from referral centres and family cancer clinics.