tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral iron and the bioavailability of zinc.
Authors: K Mitchell, W S Watson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Baxter's suggestion-namely, to change the warnings on packets of cotton tipped swabs and warn the mothers of possible dangers.As it is not practical and also not generally advisable to use recurrent syringing for the removal of wax plugs in children, the use of olive oil or other commercially available wax softener ear drops (Waxsol, Cerumol) should be encouraged.The softened wax plugs can then be easily cleaned with either cotton swabs or ordinary cleaning tissue paper.
Trends in All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Women and Men With and Without Diabetes Mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005
Authors: Sarah Rosner Preis, Shih-Jen Hwang, Sean Coady, Michael J. Pencina, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Peter J. Savage, Daniel Levy, Caroline S. Fox
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Despite population declines in all-cause mortality, women with diabetes mellitus may have experienced an increase in mortality rates compared with men. Methods and Results— We examined change in all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular disease mortality rates among Framingham Heart Study participants who attended examinations during an “earlier” (1950 to 1975; n=930 deaths) and a “later” (1976 to 2001; n=773 deaths) time period. Diabetes mellitus was defined as casual glucose ≥200 mg/dL, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or treatment. Among women, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality in the later versus the earlier time period were 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.70; P &lt;0.0001) for those without diabetes mellitus and 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.71; P =0.002) for those with diabetes mellitus. Similar results were observed in men. Among women and men, the HR of cardiovascular disease mortality declined among those with and without diabetes mellitus. Non-cardiovascular disease mortality declined among women without diabetes mellitus (HR, 0.76; P =0.01), whereas no change was observed among women with diabetes mellitus or among men with or without diabetes mellitus. Individuals with versus those without diabetes mellitus were at increased risk of all-cause mortality in the earlier (HR, 2.44; P &lt;0.0001) and later (HR, 1.95; P &lt;0.0001) time periods. Conclusions— Reductions in all-cause mortality among women and men with diabetes mellitus have occurred over time. However, mortality rates among individuals with diabetes mellitus remain ≈2-fold higher compared with individuals without diabetes mellitus.
The Vascular Endothelium of the Adipose Tissue Gives Rise to Both White and Brown Fat Cells
Authors: Khanh-Van Tran, Olga Gealekman, Andrea Frontini, Maria Cristina Zingaretti, Manrico Morroni, Antonio Giordano, Arianna Smorlesi, Jessica Perugini, Rita De Matteis, Andrea Sbarbati, Silvia Corvera, Saverio Cinti
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Enzymes in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MILTON W. HAMOLSKY
Journal: Circulation (1967)

DURING the past 12 years, measurement of blood levels of activity of various enzymes in man has been established as a valu- able laboratory aid in the diagnosis of myocardial damage.'Basic biochemical studies had demonstrated relatively large tissue ac- tivity levels of various enzymes and suggested that tissue damage or disease might be reflect- ed by elevation of normally low, base-line values in the circulation.The widespread tissue distribution of the clinically significant enzymes, however, precluded the desired specificity of a laboratory test.Any cause of acute tissue breakdown (trauma, infection, ischemia, infarction, neoplasia) in any of several tissues (heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, brain, erythrocytes) may cause comparably elevated serum levels, presumably by release of en- zymes from the damaged tissue(s).Resultant increases in serum levels appear to be more sensitive indicators of tissue damage than previously available indices, such as the ery- throcyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein.Experimental animal studies have in- dicated that as little as 1 g of infarcted heart muscle may be detected, that the degree and duration of serum enzyme elevations are roughly proportional to the mass of the in- farcted muscle, and that enzyme elevations
Agranulocytosis Following Mapharsen Therapy
Authors: John F. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

AGRANULOCYTOSIS following Mapharsen therapy for syphilis has been a serious but fortunately rare occurrence. The concurrent use of penicillin in the treatment of this complication and of syphilis has not been previously reported. Hence, the following case reports are of interest:Case 1. A 21-year-old Negro soldier developed a penile ulcer on May 23, 1944. Treponema pallidum was demonstrated in a dark-field examination on May 27. The Kahn reaction was negative on May 30. The past history was negative except for gonorrhea in September, 1943, which had been successfully treated with sulfonamides.Except for the presence of a penile ulcer . . .
General Practice--at Home and Abroad
Authors: J. P. Colquhoun
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MBITISHALaction.This decision by a mere 25-strong residents' mess at an 1,100-bed hospital he might consider insignificant, but I have failed to find yet in working in several large hospi- tals a junior hospital doctor who does not consider he is exploited to a greater or less extent.-Iam, etc.,
Re: Richard J. Sylvester, Willem Oosterlinck. An Immediate Instillation after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Has the Evidence Changed? Eur Urol 2009;56;43–5
Authors: Sigurdur Gudjónsson, Sten Holmäng, Wiking Månsson, Fredrik Liedberg
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Severe Right Atrial Compression by a Rapidly Growing Cardiac Mass
Authors: Angélica María Romero Daza, M. A. Navas Lobato, Teresa Reina Duran, Gonzalo Aldamiz Echevarría, Angeles Heredero Jung, Marta Tomas, Miguel Orejas Orejas, Jerónimo Farré
Journal: Circulation (2015)
PERSISTENT ANTIGENIC VARIATION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUSES AFTER INCOMPLETE NEUTRALIZATION IN OVO WITH HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: Italo Archetti, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Antigenic variants of influenza A virus strains emerge on serial passage in ovo in the presence of immune serum against different but related strains. An old laboratory strain (PR8) which had been through hundreds of animal passages was as readily modified by this procedure as recently recovered strains. Such variants apparently can be obtained at will and show antigenic patterns which are reproducible and appear to be predictable in terms of the immune serum used for their selection. Variant strains retain their new antigenic patterns on serial passage in ovo in the absence of immune serum. Limited serial passage in ovo of strains in the absence of immune serum did not result in the emergence of antigenic variants. Similarly, serial passages of strains in ovo in the presence of immune serum against widely different strains, which failed to show significant cross-neutralization, did not lead to the appearance of antigenic variants.
Risk of moderate to advanced kidney disease in patients with psoriasis: population based cohort study
Authors: J. Wan, S. Wang, K. Haynes, M. R. Denburg, D. B. Shin, J. M. Gelfand
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> With the 9teach-back9 method, patients or carers repeat back what they understand, so that professionals can confirm comprehension and correct misunderstandings. The effectiveness of teach-back has been underexamined, particularly for older patients discharged from the emergency department (ED). We aimed to determine whether teach-back would reduce ED revisits and whether it would increase patients’ retention of discharge instructions, improve self-management at home and increase satisfaction with the provision of instructions. <h3>Methods</h3> A nonrandomised pre–post pilot evaluation in the ED of one Dutch academic hospital including patients discharged from the ED receiving standard discharge care (pre) and teach-back (post). Primary outcomes were ED-revisits within 7 days and within 8–30 days postdischarge. Secondary outcomes for a subsample of older adults were retention of instructions, self-management 72 hours after discharge and satisfaction with the provision of discharge instructions. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 648 patients were included, 154 were older adults. ED revisits within 7 days and within 8–30 days were lower in the teach-back group compared with those receiving standard discharge care: adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 0.23 (95% CI 0.05 to 1.07) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.14 to 1.33), respectively. Participants in the teach-back group had an increased likelihood of full knowledge retention on information related to their ED diagnosis and treatment (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.01 to 4.75; p=0.048), medication (AOR 14.89; 95% CI 4.12 to 53.85; p&gt;0.001) and follow-up appointments (AOR 3.86; 95% CI 1.33 to 10.19; p=0.012). Use of teach-back was not significantly associated with improved self-management and higher satisfaction with discharge instructions. Discharge conversations were generally shorter for participants receiving teach-back. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Discharging patients from the ED with a relatively simple and feasible teach-back method can contribute to safer and better transitional care from the ED to home.
GPs' role in safeguarding children
Authors: J. Woodman, S. d. Lusignan, I. Rafi, J. Allister, R. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The debate between Spence and Masters about whether the modern GP is a key player in safeguarding children from abuse and neglect risks polarising this discussion and wasting the opportunity to make better use of the systems we have.1 

Child maltreatment is common and often chronic, but many affected children only occasionally, …
SCREENING ATHLETES WITH PATELLAR TENDINOSIS: CLINICAL INFORMATION TO GUIDE PREVENTIVE ATTITUDES
Authors: L Mendonça, N Bittencourt, A Zuin, R Barreto, J Ocarino, S Fonseca
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Patellar tendinosis is a degenerative condition that could lead to tendon rupture. Conservative treatment is long-term and surgery may be required to enhance tissue regeneration. Therefore, the athlete could have his/her successful career jeopardized. Some clinical tests, usually used in patellar tendon assessment, could be associated to patellar tendon morphologic abnormalities (PTA). However, their relationship to PTA is not established and they could be used in sports practice as a strategy for preventive care. Objective To investigate the association of VISA-P questionnaire, single-leg decline squat test and patellar tendon pain history to tendon morphological abnormalities at ultrasound. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Athletes filled in VISA-P questionnaire, performed the single-leg decline squat test (SLDS) and informed about patellar tendon pain history. Athletes with Osgood-Schlater and/or Siding-Larsen-Johansson disease were excluded. An experienced examiner performed the ultrasonographic exam in tendon sagittal and transverse planes. Tendons that presented hypoechoic areas and thickness were considered as positive for morphological abnormalities. Participants 43 athletes (26 volleyball, 14 basketball, 3 running) participated in this study, 38 males and 5 females, mean age of 24.8±6.7 years, weight of 87.6±13.7 kg and height of 1.93 ±0.1 m. Risk factor assessment VISA-P, single-leg decline squat test and patellar tendon pain history. Main outcome measurements Patellar tendon hypoechoic areas and thickness at ultrasound. Results Significant associations to PTA were found. VISA-P showed an OR of 5.4 (1.3–26), SLDS of 3.8 (1.4–11) and pain history of 7.5 (1.6–42). Therefore, an athlete who presents a score under 80 points at VISA-P, for example, have 5.4 more chance to present PTA compared to an athlete that does not have PTA. Conclusions VISA-P, SLDS and patellar tendon pain history can be easily applied in clinical practice and should be used as a screening tool in sports modalities that present a high PTA prevalence.
Soft Prosthesis Implant and Relaxing Albugineal Incision with Saphenous Grafting for Surgical Therapy of Peyronie's Disease: A 5-Year Experience and Long-Term Follow-Up on 145 Operated Patients
Authors: Edoardo Austoni, Fulvio Colombo, Ai Ling Romanò, Andrea Guarneri, Ioannis Kartalas Goumas, Alberto Cazzaniga
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Farnesoid X receptor represses hepatic human APOA gene expression
Authors: Indumathi Chennamsetty, Thierry Claudel, Karam M. Kostner, Anna Baghdasaryan, Dagmar Kratky, Sanja Levak-Frank, Sasa Frank, Frank J. Gonzalez, Michael Trauner, Gert M. Kostner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

High plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a), which is encoded by the APOA gene] increase an individual's risk of developing diseases, such as coronary artery diseases, restenosis, and stroke. Unfortunately, increased Lp(a) levels are minimally influenced by dietary changes or drug treatment. Further, the development of Lp(a)-specific medications has been hampered by limited knowledge of Lp(a) metabolism. In this study, we identified patients suffering from biliary obstructions with very low plasma Lp(a) concentrations that rise substantially after surgical intervention. Consistent with this, common bile duct ligation in mice transgenic for human APOA (tg-APOA mice) lowered plasma concentrations and hepatic expression of APOA. To test whether farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which is activated by bile acids, was responsible for the low plasma Lp(a) levels in cholestatic patients and mice, we treated tg-APOA and tg-APOA/Fxr-/- mice with cholic acid. FXR activation markedly reduced plasma concentrations and hepatic expression of human APOA in tg-APOA mice but not in tg-APOA/Fxr-/- mice. Incubation of primary hepatocytes from tg-APOA mice with bile acids dose dependently downregulated APOA expression. Further analysis determined that the direct repeat 1 element between nucleotides -826 and -814 of the APOA promoter functioned as a negative FXR response element. This motif is also bound by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), which promotes APOA transcription, and FXR was shown to compete with HNF4α for binding to this motif. These findings may have important implications in the development of Lp(a)-lowering medications.
Eye Changes in Ichthyosis
Authors: Barrie Jay
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We read the report by Sever et al (<b>206</b>:2283, 1968), "Eye Changes in Ichthyosis," with great interest and were pleased to see that the authors results agreed, in the main, with ours (<i>Brit J Ophthal</i><b>52</b>:217, 1968). The characteristic deep-corneal changes of sex-linked (ie, X-linked) ichthyosis were found in 13 of our 26 patients, being uncommon under the age of 10 years and invariably present over the age of 25 years. We found similar changes in three out of 22 patients with the autosomal-dominant ichthyosis vulgaris. We were particularly interested in their observations of the mild corneal changes in the female carrier state of sex-linked ichthyosis. We examined a few females who must have been carriers and, not finding any corneal changes, did not pursue the matter further. We are reviewing our carrier females in order to confirm this most interesting finding.
Treatment of chronic heart failure with pirbuterol: acute haemodynamic responses.
Authors: J R Dawson, R Canepa-Anson, P Kuan, N H Whitaker, J Carnie, C Warnes, S R Reuben, P A Poole-Wilson, G C Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Fifty-nine patients with severe chronic heart failure were given pirbuterol, a beta agonist with vasodilator and positive inotropic properties. The acute haemodynamic responses to both single (20 patients) and incremental doses (39 patients) were measured. Pirbuterol increased cardiac index and reduced left ventricular filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance with only small changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Maximal effects were observed at an average of 170 minutes after a single oral dose of pirbuterol. In the incremental dose studies the plasma pirbuterol concentration was found to increase with increasing doses and was related to the magnitude of the haemodynamic response. Pirbuterol was well tolerated, and no drug-related side effects were recorded. Oral pirbuterol clearly improved pump performance in these patients, the haemodynamic changes being consistent with vasodilatation as the dominant mechanism rather than a direct inotropic effect.
Hb S/Hb Lepore with mild sickling symptoms: A hemoglobin variant with mostly δ-chain sequences ameliorates sickle-cell disease
Authors: V.F. Fairbanks, D.J. McCormick, K.S. Kubik, W.N. Rezuke, D. Black, M.S. Ochaney, D. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Three cases are reported of Hb S/Hb Lepore combination with very mild sickling manifestations. The presence of a nonα-chain variant with a high proportion of δ chain sequences, including 22 ala, appears to ameliorate sickle-cell disease. Efforts to increase the proportion of Hb A2 may be beneficial in sickle-cell disease. Am. J. Hematol. 54:164–165 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Handbook
Authors: Kim A. Keeley
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Hidden among the last paragraphs of this handbook's introduction is the secret to why it can be a valuable addition to the library of any substance abuse treatment program: the writing is meant to be practical. Avoiding theory and speculation, the authors want this handbook to give readers a utilitarian viewpoint on daily clinical tasks. There is little else that is hard to find in this volume. The authors from the De Paul Rehabilitation Hospital in Milwaukee clearly have more in mind than providing a routine list of substance abuse disorders with standard diagnostic and therapeutic recipes. They have edited the work of several colleagues, most of whom have a Milwaukee connection, to ensure that the basic information about various substances of abuse is contained in separate, concise, no-nonsense chapters. Whether you are an experienced professional, a beginning employee, or even a patient or a concerned member of a patient's
Sympmed I: computer program for primary health care.
Authors: M. W. Uplekar, N. H. Antia, P. S. Dhumale
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Sympmed I is an experimental computer program that identifies and offers treatment to outpatients whose symptoms can be effectively and safely treated. To verify the safety of using such a package an evaluation of Sympmed I was carried out. The patients9 symptoms were entered into the computer by a junior doctor and then by a non-medical person, an engineer. The prescriptions offered by the program were compared with those given by a general practitioner after examining the patient. It was found that 390 of 500 (78%) patients in the first group and 276 of 400 (69%) patients in the second group were offered prescriptions comparable to the ones given by the general practitioner, and the rest were advised to see a doctor. In no case was a patient offered treatment when he or she needed to see a doctor. The results of the evaluation confirm that most problems seen by first level medical personnel in developing countries are simple, repetitive, and treatable at home or by a paramedical worker with a few safe, essential drugs, thus avoiding unnecessary visits to a doctor.
THE FALLACY OF X RAYS IN ABDOMINAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: H. J. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1928)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the feasibility considerations for a decentralised, one-stop-shop model of care implemented in Yangon, Myanmar. <h3>Setting</h3> Two primary care level clinics in urban Yangon, Myanmar. <h3>Design</h3> This is a feasibility study of a highly effective care model. Using Intervention Complexity Framework by Gericke <i>et al</i>, we collated and analysed programmatic data and evaluation data to outline key project implementation requirements and experiences. <h3>Participants</h3> Programmatic data were collected from clinical records, GeneXpert device test and maintenance reports, national guidelines, product and device instructions and site monitoring visit reports. Healthcare providers involved in delivering care model contributed interview data. <h3>Results</h3> The main feasibility considerations are appropriate storage for test kits and treatments (in response to temperature and humidity requirements), installation of a continuous stable electricity supply for the GeneXpert device, air-conditioning for the laboratory room hosting GeneXpert, access to a laboratory for pretreatment assessments and clear referral pathways for specialist consultation when required. Lessons from our project implementation experiences included the extensive time requirements for patient education, the importance of regular error monitoring and stock storage reviews and that flexible appointment scheduling and robust reminder system likely contributed to high retention in care. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Detailed documentation and dissemination of feasibility requirements and implementation considerations is vital to assist others to successfully implement a similar model of care elsewhere. We provide 10 recommendations for successful implementation. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03939013 on May 6, 2019. This manuscript presents post-results data on feasibility.
Prospective, Randomized Trial of Hypertonic Glucose Water and Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate for Gastric Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Advanced Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: K.-Y. Chang, C.-S. Wu, P. C. Chen
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Information about the appropriate endoscopic treatment of gastric variceal bleeding is sparse. We therefore designed a prospective and randomized study to evaluate and compare efficacy and complication rates of two agents, hypertonic glucose water (50 % GW) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), in treating acute gastric variceal bleeding after esophageal varix eradication.
Trans-FBS-Channel Ventilation during the Flexible Bronchoscope (FBS) Examination in Infant
Authors: Y. Monden, K. Nakahara, Y. Fujii, S. Nanjo, K. Ohno, Y. Kawashima
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The most important problem during FBS examination in infants is respiratory care. A new ventilation method using the channel of the FBS is proposed for respiratory care during FBS examination in infants.