tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodialysis—Exchange Transfusion for Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Ennio C. Rossi, Francesco del Greco, Hau C. Kwaan, Bruce B. Lerman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Remission in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was achieved in two patients after repeated exchange transfusion. Since both patients had renal insufficiency, exchange was performed with hemodialysis. This provided optimal volume control and facilitated the rapid exchange of blood. The infusion of plasma did not maintain the clinical improvement achieved with exchange transfusion. Until a concentrate of the putative factor deficient in TTP becomes available, an exchange procedure remains the most expeditious method for the replacement of any deficient factor. The procedure of hemodialysis can be adapted to perform exchange transfusion safely and efficiently. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1466-1468, 1980)
1013. Comparison of VP22 Intercellular Spreading in Live Versus Fixed Cells
Authors: Ulrich M. Lauer, Marie-Luise Lemken, Wolfgang A. Wybranietz, Michael Bitzer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The property of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP22 of intercellular trafficking makes it a promising tool to overcome low transduction efficiencies in gene therapy. Over the last decade this distinctive ability of VP22 has been a prominent object of numerous investigations. However, recent reports not only proclaim (i) that VP22 cannot facilitate intercellular spreading, but (ii) that trafficking of VP22 fusion proteins results from artefacts of cell fixation only. To unravel this situation and to provide direct evidence for the presence or absence of VP22 mediated intercellular trafficking we generated an adenoviral vector with a dual expression cassette for VP22-GFP and DsRed both being under the control of distinct hCMV-promoters. Using this new vector type we were able to investigate not only the extent of VP22 mediated intercellular spreading by live fluorescence microscopy and FACS, but also onone and the same cells whether or not fixation (e.g., with paraformaldehyde) does influence VP22 mediated intercellular spreading. Our results clearly demonstrate that VP22-GFP can spread from less than 4% primary transduced cells to more than 70% cells of a cellular monolayer and that fixation with paraformaldehyde has no influence on VP22 mediated spreading. Thereby, we confirm the unique ability of VP22 mediated intercellular trafficking.
Cancer incidence among young is higher in England's wealthier areas
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In England the South East had the highest incidence of cancer among teenagers and young adults, a new study shows, while the North East had the lowest. And there was a trend for cancer incidence in this age group to be lower in local wards with greater deprivation, it found.

The study, which involved more than 35 000 people aged 13 to 24, gives details of the incidence of specific cancers in the nine Government Office Regions in England and according to levels of deprivation in the census ward of residence of patients at the time of diagnosis ( British Journal of Cancer 2007;96:1760-6 doi: …
Guns, Drugs Threaten to Raise Public Health Problem of Violence to Epidemic
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

AS LETHAL weapons proliferate, this final decade of the 20th century is likely to be characterized by ever-increasing violence that will supplant drugs as a major public health problem and social concern. This prediction comes from Herbert Kleber, MD, professor of psychiatry and director, Division on Substance Abuse, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. In support of this position, Kleber notes that while there is little question that drug use and violence are intertwined, the use of drugs is declining. "It may not be declining as fast as we would like or in every sector, but it is declining. There is a sense that things have begun to move in the right direction." <h3>Increased Violence Levels</h3> "Despite this, we are seeing increased levels of violence and many of these violent episodes have nothing at all to do with drugs," says Kleber. He notes recent news reports
Improved biological half-life and anti-tumor activity of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) using PEG-exposed nanoparticles
Authors: Sung Mook Lim, Tae Hyung Kim, Hai Hua Jiang, Chan Woong Park, Seulki Lee, Xiaoyuan Chen, Kang Choon Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Specificity and promiscuity among naturally processed peptides bound to HLA-DR alleles.
Authors: R M Chicz, R G Urban, J C Gorga, D A Vignali, W S Lane, J L Strominger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Naturally processed peptides were acid extracted from immunoaffinity-purified HLA-DR2, DR3, DR4, DR7, and DR8. Using the complementary techniques of mass spectrometry and Edman microsequencing, &amp;gt; 200 unique peptide masses were identified from each allele, ranging from 1,200 to 4,000 daltons (10-34 residues in length), and a total of 201 peptide sequences were obtained. These peptides were derived from 66 different source proteins and represented sets nested at both the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends with an average length of 15-18 amino acids. Strikingly, most of the peptides (&amp;gt; 85%) were derived from endogenous proteins that intersect the endocytic/class II pathway, even though class II molecules are thought to function mainly in the presentation of exogenous foreign peptide antigens. The predominant endogenous peptides were derived from major histocompatibility complex-related molecules. A few peptides derived from exogenous bovine serum proteins were also bound to every allele. Four prominent promiscuous self-peptide sets (capable of binding to multiple HLA-DR alleles) as well as 84 allele-specific peptide sets were identified. Binding experiments confirmed that the promiscuous peptides have high affinity for the binding groove of all HLA-DR alleles examined. A potential physiologic role for these endogenous self-peptides as immunomodulators of the cellular immune response is discussed.
Father fails in attempt to stop girlfriend's abortion.
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The British Court of Appeal turned down an Oxford student's request for an injunction to stop his pregnant former girlfriend from going ahead with a planned abortion. The father's application for a hearing by the House of Lords was then rejected by three law lords. Dyer describes an earlier case, Paton v. British Pregnancy Advisory Service, in which a judge held that a husband had no right to stop his wife from having an abortion. In the current case, however, the Court of Appeal's and law lords' decisions were based on the finding that the fetus was so underdeveloped that it would be unable to breathe either naturally or through a ventilator and was therefore not capable of being born alive. The effect of the Court of Appeals's ruling is to equate the words "capable of being born alive" in the 1929 Infant Life (Preservation) Act with viability, although the meaning of viability has not yet been clearly defined.
Comparison of physician outcome measures and patients' perception of benefits of inpatient neurorehabilitation
Authors: S G M Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rehabilitation aims to reduce the impact of disease, within the limitations imposed by available resources and the underlying disease. 1 Measuring rehabilitation is difficult. 2Rating scales of impairment, disability, and handicap are often used but only partially reflect the rehabilitation process, tending to be "physician oriented." 3Rehabilitation is a patient based educational process working towards self management. 2 Therefore, patient oriented measures should be used, as it is only the patients themselves who truly appreciate the impact of their illness, 3 and the benefits from rehabilitation.The visual analogue scale is a patient based measuring tool that can be used to answer a variety of questions.We evaluated how much the traditional, physician oriented measures reflect the benefit perceived by patients, as measured on a visual analogue scale, within the setting of a neurorehabilitation inpatient unit.
Comparison of subcutaneous infusion needles for transfusion‐dependent thalassemia patients by the intrapersonal cross‐over assessment model
Authors: G.C.F. Chan, D.M.W. Ng, D.Y.T. Fong, S.Y. Ha, Y.L. Lau
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Needle‐induced trauma is one of the major contributing factors for poor compliance in patients with thalassaemia major on iron chelation therapy. A new generation of needles is currently available on the market, but their theoretical advantages have not been tested clinically. We performed a study to compare the pros and cons of the representative prototypes from each of the new (Thalaset needle) and old (butterfly scalp vein needle) generations of needles. Patients with thalassemia major who had been receiving subcutaneous iron chelation therapy for at least 2 years were recruited. Patients using butterfly needles were instructed to switch to the newer form of needle (Thalaset) for 2.5 months and then to change back to butterfly needles for another 2.5 months. Comparison was done by the intrapersonal cross‐over model using three identical sets of questionnaires collected at the beginning of the study and after the use of Thalaset and butterfly needles, respectively. Fifty‐four (22 females; 32 males) patients were included in the statistical analysis. The median age was 24.1 years (range = 7.6–47.2 years). Local reactions such as pain, itchiness, tenderness, and swelling were significantly different among the three evaluation periods and were all in favor of the Thalaset needle (all with P &lt; 0.001), even after adjusting for the intention‐to‐treat calculation. The Thalaset needle is significantly better than the butterfly needle in reducing needle‐related trauma. It induced fewer local skin reactions such as pain, itchiness, tenderness, and swelling. However, recommendations for its routine clinical use require further cost‐effectiveness analysis. Am. J. Hematol. 76:398–404, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: factors associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality
Authors: N. de Prost, A. Parrot, C. Picard, P-Y. Ancel, C. Mayaud, M. Fartoukh, J. Cadranel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a feature of several immune and nonimmune disorders. Reported prognosis is poor, with in-hospital mortality ranging from 20% to 100%. Early identification of prognostic factors may be useful in the initiation of appropriate treatment. We retrospectively analysed the charts of all patients referred to a university hospital for DAH between 1980 and 2008. Variables associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality were determined using a logistic regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. Immunosuppressed patients were excluded. Overall, 97 patients were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was 24.7%. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were shock (OR 77.5, 95% CI 8.9-677.2), glomerular filtration rate <60 mL x min(-1) (OR 11.2, 95% CI 1.8-68.4) and plasmatic lactate dehydrogenase level more than twice the normal value (OR 12.1, 95% CI 1.7-84.3). Mortality among discharged patients was 16.4% with a median follow-up duration of 34 months. Factors associated with increased long-term mortality in univariate analysis were age over 60 yrs (p = 0.026), cardiovascular comorbidity (p = 0.027) and end-stage renal failure with dependence on haemodialysis (p = 0.026). Patients with immune and nonimmune DAH had similar outcomes. Early outcome depended on nonpulmonary organ failures. Conversely, late outcome was related to age, cardiac comorbidities and the need for haemodialysis.
Hard Cataract and Soft: The Conditions on which the Distinction is Founded, and the Practical Bearing of Such Classification: Being Remarks in the Course of Clinical Instruction at the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital
Authors: H. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1862)

though not squeamish, personally recoiled from it, on account of her filthy abode and surroundings.)The next day, at I ru.:., it was reported that she had not had a fit since 11 P.Br.The pupils were dilated, the face calm, the respiration easy.She was soporose, and I attempted to rouse her.At length, after pinching, and bawling loudly several times " Do you feel better?" she slowly answered "yes," and then seemed to relapse into unconsciousness.
A piece of my mind. Belinda, asleep without dreams
Authors: K. Sperry
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iron Deficiency and its Relation to Folic-acid Status in Pregnancy: Results of a Clinical Trial
Authors: I. Chanarin, D. Rothman, V. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Urolithiasis is the most common non-obstetric complication in pregnancy and has the potential to cause grave consequences resulting in pregnancy loss. We present two such cases. First, a 24-year-old woman, 5 weeks pregnant with a history of urolithiasis presented with right flank pain and fever. She was found to have a right perinephric collection and during the course of her treatment suffered an abortion. The second case was a 25-year-old woman who presented in septic shock. She underwent emergency lower segment caesarean section elsewhere 10 days ago for intrauterine death at 38 weeks of gestation. On evaluation, she was found to have bilateral stone disease with a left subcapsular haematoma. Both the cases were managed conservatively and are planned for definitive management. Thus, women of childbearing age with diagnosed urolithiasis should get themselves evaluated and be free of stone disease before planning a family to prevent increased obstetric complications during pregnancy.
BLOOD COUNTS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS IN THE MONKEY
Authors: Herbert D. Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Blood counts were made on six series of monkeys before and at various intervals after the injection of active poliomyelitic virus. From the data thus obtained the variations in the circulating white cells have been followed in the several stages of the disease (a) before injection, (b) during the incubation period, (c) during the acute stage, including the stage of prostration, and (d) during recovery. On account of experimental conditions not all the monkeys were observed during the four periods, so that averages of counts in several monkeys are used for comparison. Averages of 121 counts on 40 normal monkeys are recorded. Immediately following the injection of the virus the relative and actual numbers of lymphocytes are slightly diminished. In many cases the curve continues sharply downward. In others from the 4th to the 6th day there is an actual increase for a brief period to a point somewhat in excess of the original count. With the onset of symptoms a lymphocytic crisis takes place. The curve then continues slightly downward, while the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes are relatively and actually increased at approximately the same time. During the stage of prostration the curve of the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes returns to almost normal, while the lymphocytic curve continues slightly downward. With recovery the lymphocytes slowly return to normal after several weeks. There is no evidence of lymphocytic stimulation after recovery. Eosinophilic, basophilic, large mononuclear, and transitional leucocytes follow the depressions and stimulations exhibited by the neutrophilic cells of the same series. The results here recorded are consistent with the observations of Peabody, Draper, and Dochez on human cases. The increase in the total number of circulating lymphocytes after the lymphocytic crisis is coincident with the passing of the acute stage. Additional evidence is presented to indicate that Smillie produced atypical but definite poliomyelitis in the monkey with cultivated virus.
IMPACT OF BASELINE VOLUME STATUS AND LVEF ON ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE BEST TRIAL
Authors: Inderjit S. Anand, Mona Fiuzat, Christopher O’Connor, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Peter Carson, Eric Eicchorn, James Udelson, Michael Domanski, Gordon Davis, Michael Bristow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of simultaneous low-level dietary supplementation with inorganic and organic selenium on whole-body, blood, and organ levels of toxic metals in mice.
Authors: O Andersen, J B Nielsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Classical experiments have demonstrated that Se compounds protect against the toxicity of several toxic metals in acute experiments with simultaneous parenteral administration of high doses of Se and the toxic metal. Blood and organ levels of the toxic metals were increased, conceivably due to formation of inert Se complexes. Less is known about effects of long-term Se status on the toxicokinetics of toxic metals. Possible Se interactions in toxic metal biokinetics should therefore be studied at Se levels ranging from those just sufficient to avoid Se deficiency and up to those believed to be optimum in relation to antioxidative and other beneficial effects of Se. The toxic-metal exposure levels investigated should be similar to those occurring in human populations that are not occupationally exposed. To study interactions between Se and toxic metals at ultralow exposure levels, mice were fed semisynthetic diets containing different levels of Se. The mice were given ultralow doses of metal salts either as a single oral dose by stomach tube or as prolonged exposure in the drinking water. Diets with high or normal Se levels slightly, but nonsignificantly increased the whole-body retention (WBR) of Hg++ and CH3Hg+ compared to a diet low in Se. The dietary Se level was, however, without effect on the WBR of Cd2+ and Ag2+ in single-dose experiments. During prolonged exposure, the diets fortified with Se increased the WBR of Ag2+, had no effect on WBR of Hg2+, and reduced the WBR of CH3Hg+ and Cd2+. During prolonged exposure, the diets fortified with Se reduced blood Hg++ while organ levels were unaltered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diversity Revealed by a Novel Family of Cadherins Expressed in Neurons at a Synaptic Complex
Authors: Naohiro Kohmura, Kouji Senzaki, Shun Hamada, Nobuyuki Kai, Rie Yasuda, Masahiko Watanabe, Hiroki Ishii, Masahiro Yasuda, Masayoshi Mishina, Takeshi Yagi
Journal: Neuron (1998)
The Prognostic Significance of Capsular Incision Into Tumor During Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Mark A. Preston, Mathieu Carrière, Gaayana Raju, Christopher Morash, Steve Doucette, Ronald G. Gerridzen, Anthony J. Bella, James A. Eastham, Peter T. Scardino, Ilias Cagiannos
Journal: European Urology (2010)
RELEASE OF GENETIC TRANSFORMING AGENT FROM PNEUMOCOCCAL CULTURES DURING GROWTH AND DISINTEGRATION
Authors: Elena Ottolenghi, Rollin D. Hotchkiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Genetic transformations of pneumococcus mediated by streptomycin-induced lysates were studied to gain some insight into the nature of freshly released transforming principle, and the influence of the physiologic state of the donor population on the transformation process. It was found that streptomycin could make the DNA of sensitive cells available for transformation of other cells. Living cultures of pneumococcus growing exponentially in ordinary media were also found to discharge significant quantities of genetically active DNA. Such cultures, not treated with any drug, showed no evidence of concomitant cell disintegration or death. Both single markers and small linkage groups could be transferred in transformations mediated by drug-induced lysates and by filtrates of living cultures. The quantity of DNA liberated is small (less than 0.1 microg per ml), but these transformations are at least as efficient as transformations mediated by purified DNA, when compared on the basis of total DNA available. Up to 1 per cent of the cells in an average recipient culture can be transformed by a small quantity of culture fluid. Both in drug-treated and in untreated cultures the amount of transforming activity increased and then decreased during growth of the culture. Although the source of transforming DNA in growing cultures could not be established, the decline in the transforming activity of aging drug-treated or untreated cultures was attributed to the presence of deoxyribonuclease. The release of this nuclease by pneumococcal cultures midway in exponential growth is sufficient to result in a mild degradation of the low concentration of freshly released transforming agent present. Maximal release of active transforming agent by a living culture coincided in time with the development of maximal receptivity to exogenous DNA by that culture. As a result, recombinants could be recovered from appropriately genetically marked strains growing in each other's presence. In view of these results, it seems possible that DNA-mediated transformations might provide, or might have provided, a mechanism of genetic recombination in nature for some bacterial species in which sexual mechanisms may not be available.
Captopril and domiciliary oxygen in chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: C M Burke, M Harte, J Duncan, H M Connolly, J H Horgan, J Theodore, B Callaghan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Captopril and domiciliary oxygen in chronic airflow obstruction Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme has been reported to reduce pulmonary arterial pressure in primary pulmonary hypertension' and to reduce total pulmonary resistance and increase cardiac output in some patients with pulmonary hypertension second- ary to collagen vascular disease.2We therefore investigated the effects of captopril (3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl-proline), a potent and relatively specific angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in five patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to hypoxic chronic airflow obstruction.
The systemic delivery of siRNAs by a cell penetrating peptide, low molecular weight protamine
Authors: Young-Suk Choi, Jue Yeon Lee, Jin Sook Suh, Young-Min Kwon, Seung-Jin Lee, Jun-Key Chung, Dong-Soo Lee, Victor C. Yang, Chong-Pyoung Chung, Yoon-Jeong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)