tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of transfusion. Testing before transfusion, and blood ordering policies.
Authors: M. Contreras, P. L. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Iftests are done to ensure that donor and recipient belong to the same blood group (ABO) then -even if no other tests are done -the donor's red cells will be compatible with the recipient's plasma in about 97% of cases.In practice the presence of the Rh D antigen on the red cells of donors and recipients is also determined, mainly so that Rh positive red cells will not be given to an Rh negative recipient.This procedure not only prevents accidental induction of Rh immunisation but also ensures that Rh positive red cells are not transfused to those patients (about 1% of recipients) who have already developed Rh antibodies.Thus when donor and recipient belong to the same ABO and Rh groups, the transfusion will be compatible in about 98% of cases.To ensure compatibility in the remaining 2% serological tests must be ,______ j X -carried out to identify other antibodies that may be present in the recipient's blood.Because compatible blood can readily be found for most recipients there is a tendency for doctors to regard blood as a standard pharmaceutical elaborate procedure.
Postmortem Microbiological Findings of Two Total Artificial Heart Recipients
Authors: Joanne J. Dobbins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This report describes the postmortem microbiological findings and related gross pathology from two patients who had the longest survival after implantation of the Jarvik-7-100 total artificial heart. We documented extensive polymicrobial colonization at the site of the device and adjacent structures; however, the internal drive lines were remarkably free of bacterial colonization despite evidence of infection at the skin junction and in close proximity to the artificial heart. The polyurethane polymer (Biomer) on the external surface of the device was discolored and pitted in appearance and the Velcro material that attaches the two ventricles together was eroded. A nonspecific mass of tissue that was adherent to the device and to portions of the drive lines contained inflammatory cells, fibrinous debris, and colonies of microorganisms.
Structure-property relationships in manganese oxide - mesoporous silica nanoparticles used for T1-weighted MRI and simultaneous anti-cancer drug delivery
Authors: Yu Chen, Hangrong Chen, Shengjian Zhang, Feng Chen, Shikuan Sun, Qianjun He, Ming Ma, Xia Wang, Huixia Wu, Lingxia Zhang, Linlin Zhang, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Thyrotoxicosis after a single ingestion of levothyroxine
Authors: S. E. Hofe
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THERE HAVE been relatively few studies on the metabolic effects of a single ingestion or injection of a large amount of levothyroxine sodium.<sup>1-3</sup>No information is available on the amount which might be required to cause clinical thyrotoxicosis or the time of appearance of symptoms after ingestion. This report details an unusual case of clinical thyrotoxicosis caused by a single ingestion of levothyroxine. Serial clinical observations and thyroid function studies were obtained, including thyroxine and triiodothyronine radioimmunoassays (T<sub>4</sub>[RIA] and T<sub>3</sub>[RIA], respectively) and thyrotropin (TSH) measurements. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 31-year-old woman was treated with iodine 131 for Graves disease in 1973. Hypothyroidism subsequently developed, and she was maintained on a regimen of 0.15 mg levothyroxine sodium daily. On Jan 25, 1976, she ingested approximately one hundred 0.1-mg tablets of levothyroxine. She vomited two hours after ingestion, but the content of the vomitus was not
Sustained molecular remission in a patient with CML in blastic crisis receiving dose‐reduced hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation followed by early withdrawal of cyclosporine and prophylactic use of interferon‐α
Authors: Tamae Hamaki, Masahiro Kami, Shin‐ichi Momomura, Shin Mineishi, Eiji Kusumi, Yoshinobu Kanda, Jun‐ichi Ueyama, Shigesaburo Miyakoshi, Shin‐ichi Morinaga, Yoichi Takaue, Yoshitomo Mutou
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract A 54‐year‐old man with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic phase received reduced‐intensity transplantation (RIST) from an HLA‐identical unrelated donor. The preparative regimen consisted of busulfan, fludarabine, and anti‐thymocyte globulin. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporine alone. Because he had a high risk of relapse, we discontinued cyclosporine on day 37, but he did not develop any signs of acute GVHD. To induce GVHD and augment a graft‐versus‐leukemia effect, we initiated interferon‐α therapy on day 80 to a maximum dosage of three million units five times a week. He achieved molecular remission on day 94 followed by the development of extensive chronic GVHD the severity of which paralleled to the dose of interferon‐α GVHD gradually subsided after discontinuation of interferon‐α and the patient remains in molecular remission 18 months after transplantation. This case suggests that early withdrawal of cyclosporine and the prophylactic use of interferon‐α are promising in RIST for high‐risk leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 71:196–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: Kyle Steenland
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Lee is concerned that a risk of heart disease due to ETS exposure needs to be confirmed prior to developing risk assessments. However, "confirmation" is a relative matter. The weight of evidence supporting the ETS—heart disease association is accumulating; studies to date are reasonably well-designed and consistent. If there is a 25% excess risk for never-smokers living with smokers, as the data suggest, then this is a much more serious public health problem than the ETS—lung cancer issue, which has been the focus of most of the discussion to date. The purpose of my article was to draw attention to this point. Confounding by heart disease risk factors may be a problem in the ETS—heart disease studies. However, while Lee points out that two of the largest studies had no data on important risk factors,<sup>1,2</sup>he fails to draw attention to two other large cohort studies (with
Respiratory Symptoms With Normal Physical Findings
Authors: John W. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>History</h3> A 14-year-old girl was referred to the outpatient clinic by her general practitioner, complaining of intermittent wheezing, coughing, and expectoration of yellow-brown sputum. At the age of 8 years, she had been examined in the pediatric department for back pain. On that occasion, she complained of severe central back pain about one minute after eating bulky foods. The pain was described as sharp and of sufficient intensity to make her cry. Investigations at that time, including full blood count, ESR, chest roentgenogram, and barium meal, were interpreted as normal. On physical examination, the patient was a normally developed 14-year-old who looked well. There were no abnormal physical findings. Figures 1 and 2 were obtained at the time of the present clinic admission. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Achalasia of the esophagus. <h3>Comment</h3> Posteroanterior and lateral chest films demonstrate a right paramediastinal mass extending from the right hemidiaphragm into the superior mediastinum. On the
Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis presenting as hematochezia in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected hemophilic patients
Authors: Paul R. Becherer, Marcia Sokol‐Anderson, J. Heinrich Joist, Thomas Milligan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Two hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with hematochezia secondary to gastrointestinal involvement with Histoplasmosis capsulatum. In one patient who was already receiving fluconazole, the diagnosis was obscured. Both patients responded to amphotericin B followed by intraconazole, with no recurrence of bleeding. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance and NIDDM: Does a Lifestyle Intervention Program Have an Effect?
Authors: Diane M Bourn, Jim I Mann, Barbara J McSkimming, Margaret A Waldron, Janet D Wishart
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a 2-year lifestyle intervention program improves glucose tolerance and lipid levels in people with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Screening for IGT and NIDDM was carried out in 1,752 people. Subjects with persistent IGT or NIDDM completed three 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) before the start of the study and after 2 years. A single OGTT was carried out every 3 months. A 4-day food diary and a 7-day exercise diary were completed, and weight, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1), plasma lipids, and fasting and 2-h serum insulin were measured at baseline and every 3 months. Subjects were encouraged to make dietary changes and increase exercise. RESULTS Thirty-two subjects with persistent IGT and 20 subjects with NIDDM were recruited. Women reported significant decreases in total and saturated fat and an increase in carbohydrate, but few subjects reached the recommended intakes. Men achieved smaller dietary changes. There were significant decreases in body mass index, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose, HbA1, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in both the IGT and NIDDM groups during the study. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a diet and exercise program can result in significant improvements in a range of clinical and metabolic variables in some people with IGT or NIDDM, although the absence of a control group precludes firm conclusions. Screening for IGT in those at high risk for developing NIDDM and offering those with persistent IGT a lifestyle intervention program could help reduce the progression of IGT to NIDDM.
Quadriceps myostatin expression in COPD
Authors: W. D-C. Man, S.A. Natanek, J. Riddoch-Contreras, A. Lewis, G.S. Marsh, P.R. Kemp, M.I. Polkey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

Quadriceps muscle dysfunction is well recognised in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is associated with impaired exercise capacity and increased mortality 1. Functionally, the quadriceps is characterised by reduced strength, increased fatigability and decreased endurance, associated with muscle fibre atrophy and a switch towards more glycolytic muscle fibres (types 1–2). The underlying molecular mechanisms of quadriceps dysfunction in COPD are not well clarified.

Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, and is a potent negative regulator of muscle mass, as demonstrated in naturally occurring animal and human genetic mutations, and genetic murine models 2. Myostatin may therefore be a candidate regulator of muscle mass in disorders characterised by muscle atrophy, including COPD.

Few data exist regarding myostatin in COPD, but a recent cross-sectional study showed a three-fold increase in vastus lateralis myostatin mRNA transcripts in COPD patients with significant quadriceps weakness compared to healthy controls 3. However, the relationship between quadriceps myostatin expression and functional characteristics of the muscle is not known. We hypothesised that myostatin expression would negatively correlate with quadriceps strength and exercise capacity in COPD.

18 patients with COPD were enrolled from clinics at the Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK). Exclusion criteria included exacerbation in the previous 4 weeks, coexisting heart, renal or liver failure, or a systemic inflammatory or metabolic disorder. 16 healthy, age-matched controls were recruited by advertisement. All participants gave written informed consent and the protocol was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee.

The following were measured in study participants: lung function tests; fat-free mass index, calculated from bioelectrical impedance and normalised to height squared; quadriceps muscle strength, assessed by measuring supine isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the leg ipsilateral to the dominant hand and corrected for body mass index (MVC/BMI); quadriceps …
Correction: Pulmonary Function Data
Authors: ARNOLD ABERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 June 1972Correction: Pulmonary Function DataARNOLD ABERMAN, M.D.ARNOLD ABERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-6-1047_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There are two errors in Table 2 of our paper (1) in the February issue. Both are in the headings. The heading "FEV3/VC" should be "FEV1/VC." Second, "Patients with FEV1% Greater than 75%" should read "Patients with FEV1%lessthan 75%." The errors change the sense of the columns. I apologize for not picking up these typographical errors in the galley proofs....Reference1. ABERMANFULOP AM: The metabolic and respiratory acidosis of acute pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med 76:173-184, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cardiovascular Research Institute San Francisco Medical Center University of California San Francisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1972Volume 76, Issue 6Page: 1047-1047KeywordsForced expiratory volume in the first second of expirationPulmonary function Issue Published: 1 June 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. V. Immunologic effects.
Authors: L S Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The immune system comprises a highly integrated network of multiple tissues and cell types with complicated interactions and effects. It is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems and there is growing realization of its multifunctionality. The session focusing on immunologic effects of dioxin and related compounds following prenatal exposure involved a review of the immunotoxic effects that have been reported for polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), a discussion of species differences in responses, and development of the immune system, and data from two ongoing epidemiological studies comparing the immune status of children exposed to higher-than-average concentrations of PHAHs both prenatally and lactationally.
Immunoglobulin-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. Binding of agaropectin and heparin by human IgG proteins.
Authors: D E Levy, A A Horner, A Solomon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The interaction of immunoglobulins with certain acidic polysaccharides was demonstrated by the binding of the sulfated glycans agaropectin and heparin by certain human IgG proteins. Heparin-binding IgG proteins can distinguish between the molecular forms of heparin derived from porcine intestine, bovine lung, and rat skin. The major specificity of these proteins is for native and certain high molecular weight subunit components of rat skin heparin. The interactions with multi-chain and single chain rat skin heparin are stable under physiological conditions and involve the Fab and, more specifically, the Fv region of the IgG molecule. These reactions occur as a result of an electrostatic interaction between cationic sites on certain IgG proteins and anionic sulfate resides of agaropectin or heparin. The characteristics of heparin-IgG interaction resemble those of heparin with other plasma proteins, the interactions of which have biological significance.
Evaluation of IgE antibodies to recombinant pollen allergens(Phl p 1, Phl p 2, and Phl p 5) in a random sample of patients withspecific IgE to Phleum pratense
Authors: R. E. Rossi, G. Monasterolo, D. Operti, R. Operti, R. Berlen
Journal: Allergy (2000)

We measured specific IgE levels against the recombinant allergens (RAs) rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, and rPhl p 5 in patients allergic to grass pollen, and examined the existence of different patterns of IgE production to RAs. The seasonal variations of IgE levels to rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, and rPhl p 5 were considered, too.Blood was taken from 276 consecutive patients with allergy to grass pollen diagnosed by patient history and skin prick testing. Total and specific serum IgE was measured by the immunoenzymatic CAP FEIA System. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by radioimmunoassay according to the instructions of the manufacturers.We observed eight different patterns of IgE production to rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, and rPhl p 5 in patients with specific IgE to timothy grass. A significant difference between the values of IgE levels to timothy and the sum of each level of specific IgE to individual RAs was found (P = 0.039, Wilcoxon matched pairs test) in the whole population (n = 276 subjects). In four subgroups of patients, the sum of each level of specific IgE to individual RAs was equal to the levels of specific IgE to timothy grass extract. In one subgroup, the sum of IgE to RAs was lower than the levels of IgE to the natural counterpart (P = 0.013). A lack of subjects in two subgroups did not permit comparison at all. Finally, three subjects with specific IgE to timothy did not show specific IgE to RAs. Out of 276 patients, blood was taken from two different groups of subjects at different time points: November-January and May-July, respectively. The median values were as follows: total IgE = 139 kU/l, IgE to timothy = 10.2 kUA/l; IgE to rPhl p 1 = 3.6 kUA/l, to rPhl p 2 = <0.35 kUA/l, and to rPhl p 5 = 1.1 kUA/l; ECP = 8.25 microg/l; MPO = 303.08 microg/l (before exposure to grass pollen); total IgE = 159 kU/l, IgE to timothy = 57.2 kUA/l; IgE to rPhl p 1 = 22.1 kUA/l, to rPhl p 2 = 5.9 kUA/l, and to rPhl p 5 = 3.9 kUA/l; ECP = 16.21 microg/l; MPO = 413.09 microg/l (during the pollen season). There were significant variations of specific IgE levels between the patients exposed to pollen and the unexposed patients. Moreover, there were statistical differences in the IgE, ECP, and MPO levels in sera before and during the pollen season P<0.035, P<0.017, and P<0.0062, respectively.The results suggest that RAs allow establishment of the patient's IgE-reactivity profile, encourage future research, and encourage manufacturers to produce further RAs for precise diagnosis and substantially improved immunotherapy injection of only those allergens against which significant amounts of specific IgE are produced.
High Incidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Early-Onset Japanese NIDDM Patients: Risk analysis
Authors: Hiroki Yokoyama, Maki Okudaira, Toshika Otani, Chizuru Watanabe, Hiroko Takaike, Junnoske Miuira, Hitomi Yamada, Kazuko Mutou, Akiko Satou, Yasuko Uchigata, Yasuhiko Iwamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Because early-onset Japanese NIDDM patients (diagnosed before age 30 years) can develop diabetic end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in their thirties, this study was performed to elucidate the incidence and determinants for the development of diabetic nephropathy.The incidence of diabetic nephropathy and its relationship to baseline characteristics and long-term metabolic control were determined in 426 early-onset Japanese NIDDM patients who were followed for a mean of 6.8 years.Of these 426 patients, 41 developed diabetic nephropathy manifested by persistent proteinuria (incidence rate [95%CI]/1,000 person-years; 14.1 [10.4-19.1]). Among patients whose mean HbA1c (measured by a high-performance chromatography method that is standardized and comparable to the one used in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial study) was around 7% or less, few developed nephropathy. The incidence of nephropathy increased with increasing mean HbA1c level in a dose-dependent manner (chi 2 trend = 49.9, P < 0.0001). Diastolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes at entry had significant predictive effects independent of metabolic control.The incidence rate of diabetic nephropathy in early-onset Japanese NIDDM patients is potentially high, similar to or higher than that in Pima Indian NIDDM or Caucasian IDDM patients of comparable age. Diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM patients aged in their thirties or forties is likely to be an early feature that leads to ESRF, and this would contribute to the marked increase in the number of new patients with diabetic ESRF in Japan. NIDDM is a serious disease if near-normal glycemia is not achieved.
Abraham Lincoln's Eyes And the Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Carl Ellenberger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To  Editor:—  To further engage in debate, testing whether Abraham Lincoln did or did not have  Marfan syndrome, may I add  ophthalmological viewpoint and observation? Harold Schwartz in  interesting communication ( 187 : 473, 1964) referred to  eye signs as an intermittent squint of  left eye and it has been established that he was hyperopic. He indicates that these   applicable eye findings. Again, in  LETTERS, Schwartz ( 195 :498, 1966) refers to his [Lincoln's] two episodes of diplopia while in  White House and says they are consistent with  Marfan entity.  Jules Francois 1 points out that  gene for arachnodactyly has a pleiotropic effect and variable power of expression and says further that the syndrome is not always found in its complete form and in  same family one may find cases of pure arachnodactyly or isolated cardiopathy; there are, in fact,
Gastric Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma: Emergency Snare-Ectomy for Control of Hemorrhage
Authors: J. Dupas, J. Delamarre, R. Marti, J. Capron, A. Lorriaux
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

In a 65-year-old woman, radiological and endoscopical findings of gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma are described. Significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding necessitated an emergency gastroscopy. The ulcerated nodular lesion was bleeding and removed by diathermy loop via fiberoptic gastroscopy.