tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CORRECTION OF DEFORMITY IN QUIESCENT DISEASE OF THE HIP
Authors: LeROY C. ABBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The various methods of treatment for prevention of deformity in disease of the hip have been described in all modern textbooks of surgery; therefore, any further discussion of them here would be a repetition of facts already known.  Unfortunately, these methods are not always adequately applied, with the result that in any large surgical clinic a considerable number of patients with quiescent or healed disease of this joint are seen in whom the chief cause of disability is deformity. During the last two years a group of such cases have been admitted to the Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children, St. Louis, and it is with the special methods of treatment for correction of deformity employed in this group that we are concerned in this article.  It is important to emphasize that the patients comprising this group were children in whom the clinical examination indicated quiescent disease. From the histories, clinical
Cardioversion Following Prosthetic Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: HOWARD SEMER, HERBERT HULTGREN, ROBERT KLEIGER, BLAINE BRANIFF
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Direct current conversion of atrial fibrillation has been attempted in 60 consecutive patients following prosthetic mitral valve replacement (Starr-Edwards prosthesis). Sinus rhythm was attained and persisted for at least 24 hours after the procedure in 68% (41 patients) and 40% of the entire group (24 patients) were still in normal sinus rhythm an average of 10 months later. Successful initial conversion and persistence of sinus rhythm occurred most frequently in patients whose duration of atrial fibrillation was less than 5 years and who had a small left atrium. Results differed little whether conversion was attempted 7 to 21 days or 1 to 15 months after open valve replacement. Atrial disease associated with a long period of antecedent atrial fibrillation and marked left atrial enlargement appeared to be the most important factors responsible for persistence of atrial fibrillation or early relapse. Attempts at cardioversion are recommended for all patients with persistent atrial fibrillation following mitral valve replacement in view of the high success rate and the safety of the procedure.
High osmolality induces the kidney-specific chloride channel CLC-K1 by a serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 MAPK pathway
Authors: Tobias Bergler, Benjamin Stoelcker, Roland Jeblick, Stephan W. Reinhold, Konrad Wolf, Günter A.J. Riegger, Bernhard K. Krämer
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Arterial wall metabolism in experimental hypertension of coarctation of the aorta of short duration
Authors: William Hollander, Dieter M. Kramsch, Melvin Farmelant, Irving M. Madoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Coarctation of the mid-thoracic aorata was surgically produced in mongrel dogs which were sacrificed from 4-12 wk after the operation. As compared to the findings in control animals, the sodium, chloride, and water content of the hypetensive portion of the coarcted thoracic aorta was significantly elevated, whereas the electrolyte and water content of the relatively normotensive portion of the coarcted aorta was normal. The sodium, potassium, and water content of the pulmonary artery, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle of the coarcted dog was not altered. These observations suggest that an elevated arterial pressure may influence the electrolyte and water composition of the arteries. The arterial pressure also may influence the content and synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides (MPS) in the arteries since the content of sulfated MPS and the incorporation of injected radiosulfate into sulfated MPS were significantly increased in the hypertensive portion of the coarcted thoracic aorta but were significantly reduced in the relatively normotensive ("hypotensive") portion of the coarcted aorta. The observed increase in MPS may have been a factor directly responsible for the increase in the sodium content of the hypertensive aorta since MPS can act as polyelectrolytes and bind cations. Although the arterial pressure may influence certain metabolic functions in the arteries, it did not appear to have a direct effect on the arterial lipids since the lipid content of the hypertensive and of the relatively normotensive portions of the coarcted aorta were comparable to the values found in the normal aorta.
Human Spermatozoon and Hamster Egg
Authors: Kim Eagle, David M. Phillips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

This scanning electron micrograph shows a human spermatozoon contacting a hamster egg (×13,200). The ability ot a patient's spermatozoa to penetrate hamster eggs is used in an assay to measure male fertility. In the assay, a number of hamster eggs are exposed to spermatozoa. The penetration of more than 10 to 25 percent of the eggs is considered to be normal. Fertilization, of course, does not occur.
C-Reactive Protein and Glycemic Control in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Dana E. King, Arch G. Mainous, Thomas A. Buchanan, William S. Pearson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We thank Bell, Hardy, and Desmond (1) for their comments regarding our recent article (2), and we appreciate the opportunity to respond to the issues they have raised. Based on their analysis of two groups of patients in their practice, Bell, Hardy, and Desmond question whether there is an association between CRP and glycemic control. Several possible explanations exist …
Antifibrinolytic Drug in Treatment of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Jerome Rotstein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a 6-carbon amino acid which is completely excreted from the body in 5 hr, prevents the activation of the fibrinolytic system through the inhibition of the activator of plasminogen and through the direct inhibition of plasmin.<sup>1</sup>Plasmin is a fibrinolysin which breaks down fibrin into small polypeptides which play a part in developing the clinical manifestations of inflammation, such as diapedesis and histamine release.<sup>2</sup> Thirty months ago, a group of 32 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, as diagnosed by tissue biopsy, was given EACA as the sole therapeutic agent. The patients have been treated with the following regimen: 1 week of intravenous EACA therapy totaling 210 gm of the medication in 7 days, and thereafter maintenance on 32 gm of the oral liquid preparation each day. Six patients have not shown significant reversal of symptoms during therapy. The other 22 patients have
THE NECESSITY FOR INVESTIGATION AND OBSERVATION BY THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: THOS. LEIDY RHOADS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Medicine is a science developed by a process of experimental induction, and by methods which lead to a complete, final evolution of undisputed facts. It is a rational science so far as the absolute conclusions, the uniform results, observable within its sphere, depend for their certainty upon comprehensive experience and complete analogy, and the reliable testimony of competent observers in the unalterable phenomena of nature. It is largely an empiric science inasmuch as the contingent methods generally accepted in the management of disease depend for their validity upon the cumulative evidence resulting from continued experimentation and observation. The institution of this method of investigation and observation formed the basis of its classification as a science. For several centuries subsequent to its origin to a certain stage of its development, medicine, however, presents nothing that is of scientific value, and little that is of interest save from an historic standpoint, in
Surya Narayan Patnaik
Authors: L. Patnaik
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Surya Narayan Patnaik was born in the state of Orissa, India, the third of nine siblings. He qualified in 1967 from Burla Medical College, later attaining LRCP and MRCS from Edinburgh University. He came to the UK in 1973, working in general medicine and anaesthesia. After working for a …
Decreased brain sigma-1 receptor contributes to the relationship between heart failure and depression
Authors: K. Ito, Y. Hirooka, R. Matsukawa, M. Nakano, K. Sunagawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Depression often coexists with cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension and heart failure, in which sympathetic hyperactivation is critically involved. Reduction in the brain sigma-1 receptor (S1R) functions in depression pathogenesis via neuronal activity modulation. We hypothesized that reduced brain S1R exacerbates heart failure, especially with pressure overload via sympathetic hyperactivation and worsening depression.Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were treated with aortic banding and, 4 weeks thereafter, fed a high-salt diet for an additional 4 weeks to accelerate cardiac dysfunction (AB-H). Compared with sham-operated controls (Sham), AB-H showed augmented sympathetic activity, decreased per cent fractional shortening, increased left ventricular dimensions, and significantly lower brain S1R expression. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of S1R agonist PRE084 increased brain S1R expression, lowered sympathetic activity, and improved cardiac function in AB-H. ICV infusion of S1R antagonist BD1063 increased sympathetic activity and decreased cardiac function in Sham. Tail suspension test was used to evaluate the index of depression-like behaviour, with immobility time and strain amplitude recorded as markers of struggle activity using a force transducer. Immobility time increased and strain amplitude decreased in AB-H compared with Sham, and these changes were attenuated by ICV infusion of PRE084.These results indicate that decreased brain S1R contributes to the relationship between heart failure and depression in a mouse model of pressure overload.
Suitability of Fetal Tissue for Transplantation-Reply
Authors: Thomas J. Gill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Michejda's letter raises several issues related to our study on the suitability of fetal tissue from SAbs and EPs for human transplantation therapy. First, the objective of the study posed a straightforward scientific question: to ascertain how much fetal tissue that would be useful for human transplantation therapy could be obtained from SAbs and EPs. The study was conducted under the auspices, oversight, and direction of the National Institutes of Health. It was reviewed, funded, and monitored in accordance with standard National Institutes of Health procedures, assurances, and certifications. The answer to the question posed was obtained under the best practical working conditions in five geographically different areas by people expert in tissue procurement and processing. As such, it provided a clinically realistic approach to evaluating the availability of useful fetal tissue from SAbs and EPs. Second, the study was conducted to collect hard data on the
The Predictive Value of Psychological Variables for Disease and Death
Authors: GEORGE L. ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

In this issue there is a paper by Thomas (p. 653) that deserves thoughtful attention. A summary report of painstaking, diligent work extending over almost 30 years, it constitutes a major breakthrough in documenting prospectively what has long been postulated on the basis of retrospective studies, namely, that people with different disease predispositions also may differ among psychological and personality variables. In other words, psychological variables are not distributed randomly either between those with good as compared to poor health records or across all disease categories. Rather, not only are certain psychological patterns and constellations more prominent among individuals with greater predisposition to illness and death before age 50, but also these patterns may be different for different disorders. This would be in keeping with a long-held psychosomatic theory that psychological characteristics may directly or indirectly influence individual susceptibility to disease. Elucidation of the role of psychosocial variables in altering susceptibility to disease is the main task of psychosomatic research. It asks why, when exposed to similar
RECENT INVESTIGATIONS UPON THE POISONOUS PROPERTY IN EXPIRED AIR.
Authors: HANNAH B. CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1895)

"Expired air consists chiefly of watery vapor, carbonic dioxid (CO<sub>2</sub>), and organic matter. CO<sub>2</sub>in large quantities is a deadly poison, and popular opinion looks upon this as the dangerous element in foul air. But specialists do not deem the CO<sub>2</sub>even in the worst ventilated rooms really dangerous.... "What then constitutes the danger from foul air? It is the organic matter present in it. The lungs and skin exhale a powerful poison. The quantity is very small, but where two or three persons are together in a confined space, it is sufficient to infect the air quickly. While the exact nature of this organic matter is a subject of dispute, it is evident that the human miasma is the really dangerous element in expired air. "The amount is generally proportional to the amount of expired air, and the CO<sub>2</sub>measures the amount of expired air.
Rise in US measles cases is blamed on unimmunized travelers
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2014)

This week measles cases reached a new high in the United States since the disease was declared eradicated in 2000, approaching a level not seen since 1996, when there were 508 cases for the year.

On 16 May the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 216 cases in 2014 so far, compared with 220 in all of 2013.1 And on 20 May Ohio’s state health department reported 22 more cases, totaling 111 cases this year in Ohio, which has had the largest outbreak in the nation.2 The cases in Ohio brought the US’s total measles cases to 236 so far this year.

The CDC said that measles had been reported in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Hawaii, …
Dendritic cells and the regulation of the allergic immune response
Authors: B. N. Lambrecht
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Studies in mouse models of asthma have revealed a critical role for airway dendritic cells in the induction of Th2 sensitization to inhaled allergens. Under some conditions, subsets of dendritic cells can also induce tolerance or Th1 responses to the same allergens, depending on the context in which the antigen is seen. This article discusses various aspects of DC biology as it relates to allergic sensitization and also provides a summary of the recent evidence that dendritic cells function beyond sensitization.
Gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system in human tissues. Quantitative analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: M Paul, J Wagner, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Activation of tissue-specific gene expression of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in humans may play an important role in cardiovascular regulation and pathophysiology. Studies of human tissue RAS expression, however, have been limited by the lack of availability of sufficient amounts of fresh human tissues and a sensitive method for detecting specific mRNAs. To demonstrate the presence of components of local RASs in humans we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription to detect renin- angiotensinogen-, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-mRNA in small quantities of human tissues. Results indicated that all components of the RAS were widely expressed in human organ samples. In order to study changes of gene expression in small tissue samples (e.g., renal biopsies) obtained from patients, we established a competitive PCR assay for quantification of renin, using a 155-basepair deletion mutant of the human renin cDNA as an internal standard. Renin-mRNA concentration was quantitated in the kidney (1.74 +/- 0.2 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), adrenal gland (1.15 +/- 0.15 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), placenta (0.7 +/- 0.1 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), and saphenous vein (0.02 +/- 0.01 pg renin/micrograms total RNA). The method described here may serve as a highly sensitive tool to quantify alterations in gene expression in man under various pathophysiologic conditions. This study should provide the methodological basis for future studies of tissue RAS in human physiology and disease.
Response to Comment on: Bergenstal et al. A Randomized, Controlled Study of Once-Daily LY2605541, a Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin, Versus Insulin Glargine in Basal Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2140-2147
Authors: Richard M. Bergenstal, Julio Rosenstock, Richard F. Arakaki, Melvin J. Prince, Yongming Qu, Vikram P. Sinha, Daniel C. Howey, Scott J. Jacober
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We thank Professor Home for his interest (1) in our publication on a novel basal insulin analog, LY2605541 (2).

Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels along with triglyceride levels (or lipid profiles) were measured as noted in the last paragraph on page 2144 (2). Whereas the serum triglyceride measurements for the LY2605541-treated patients did not differ from baseline but were higher compared with insulin glargine–treated patients, the total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol did not differ from baseline for the LY2605541-treated patients and did not differ from those treated with insulin glargine. In contrast, in the recently published type 1 diabetes study (3), LY2605541-treated patients …
NEUTROPENIA FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF AMIDOPYRINE: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: I. S. Zinberg
Journal: JAMA (1934)

A. W., a Jewish woman, aged 46, admitted to the private medical service of the Sinai Hospital, March 1, 1934, complained of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, of seven days' duration. The family history was unimportant. The only noteworthy events in the past history were an appendectomy twenty-five years previously and an uncomplicated pneumonia in March 1933. A review of the systems shows the patient to have beenin good health except for high blood pressure with headaches during the last ten years. These headaches have been relieved by one or two tablets of acetylsalicylic acid. However, about five years before the patient was given a white pill, other than acetylsalicylic acid, for a headache. About an hour later she had a severe chill lasting fifteen minutes. As both the physician who wrote the prescription and the pharmacist who filled it are now dead, the identity of the "white
Evolution, learning, games, and simple heuristics
Authors: Peter Hammerstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Humans are incapable of acting as utility maximisers. In contrast, the evolutionary process had considerable time and computational power to select optimal heuristics from a set of alternatives. To view evolution as the optimising agent has revolutionised game theory. Gigerenzer and his co-workers can help us understand the circumstances under which evolution and learning achieve optimisation and Nash equilibria.
Major hepatic resections in infancy and childhood
Authors: J. M. Howat
Journal: Gut (1971)

Nineteen infants and children who had hepatic lobectomy or segmental resection of the liver for tumours are described. Fourteen had lobectomy for malignant tumours but only three survived for more than a year. Four of the five patients who had resections for hamartomas have survived for 18 months or more. The main problem encountered at operation was haemorrhage, which was responsible for the entire operative mortality of 31%. A transient disturbance of liver function occurred after operation in both patients who had preoperative radiotherapy.
Portal hypertension caused by partial nodular transformation of the liver
Authors: M. Classen, K. Elster, H. J. Pesch, L. Demling
Journal: Gut (1970)

The course of the disease in, and the necropsy on, a 46-year-old woman with partial nodular transformation of the liver are described. This is, as far as is known, the fifth case to be reported. On the basis of results obtained from clinical tests partial nodular transformation of the liver was assumed. Seven months after the first episode of haematemesis and after numerous haemorrhages, the patient died. The morphological picture of the liver confirmed the tentative diagnosis. In spite of opinions to the contrary (Ingelfinger, 1967), the clinical picture of portal hypertension, can, by reason of the morphological findings, be clearly differentiated from hepatic cirrhosis and other nodular changes in the liver.
Endothelin-1 receptor density, distribution, and function in human isolated asthmatic airways.
Authors: R G Goldie, P J Henry, P G Knott, G J Self, M A Luttmann, D W Hay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The potent bronchoconstrictor and mitogenic actions of the peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) on airway smooth muscle may contribute significantly to the bronchial obstruction observed in asthma. However, the status of the receptor-effector systems that mediate these actions of ET-1 in asthmatic airways is currently unknown. Thus, we have used quantitative autoradiographic and isometric-tension recording techniques to evaluate the density, distribution, and function of the specific receptors that mediate the actions of ET-1 in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic airways. Here, we report that similar numbers of specific binding sites for [125I]-ET-1 exist in asthmatic and nonasthmatic airways, with the greatest densities located in airway smooth muscle in both tissue types. The ETB-receptor subtype constituted approximately 82% and 88% of these receptors for ET-1 in asthmatic and nonasthmatic human bronchial smooth muscle, respectively, and mediated contraction in response to this peptide. In addition, a component of ET-1-induced contraction appeared to be mediated by a non-ETB, BQ-123-resistant mechanism. Furthermore, a small population of ETA sites was identified that did not mediate contraction, but which may have a role in ET-1-induced prostanoid release and airway smooth-muscle proliferation. Interestingly, bronchial smooth muscle from asthmatic lung was significantly less sensitive to the contractile effects of ETB receptor activation, consistent with desensitization of this receptor subtype in response to the increased production and release of ET-1 that occurs in this disease.
Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and case definition
Authors: G Günther, L Lindquist
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

The study by Stefanoff et al raises two important questions concerning tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus infections. First, the lack of a generally accepted case definition and secondly the quality of national surveillance of TBE cases. Ideally, reported cases should be confirmed and the clinically relevant cases with central nervous system (CNS) disease should be separated from febrile cases without CNS manifestations. The surveillance of TBE in the European countries is not uniform and not always mandatory. Efforts to reach a final diagnosis, especially in less severe cases and in children, varies as well as the awareness of the disease in low endemic regions. The only relevant and stable basis for national surveillance is cases with established CNS disease, although immunity to TBE virus after less severe febrile illness is of interest on individual basis. The ratio of non-CNS disease to CNS disease is generally believed to be about three, but there are regional differences in virulence. Significantly, age related differences are basically unknown.