tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pan-American Medical Congress.
Authors: Albert B. Hale
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, Nov. 7, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I should like to supplement your official announcement of last week concerning the Pan-American Medical Congress by some information which will be of value more especially to men throughout the middle west. Unfortunately, the time is too short to permit of much preliminary preparation, either scientific or social, but for any one of the profession wishing to take advantage of the opportunity for a winter's outing nothing more favorable could be offered. Assuming Chicago to be the starting point, one can reach New Orleans in a day's journey. There has recently been put into operation a line of freight and passenger steamers of first-class character, from New Orleans direct to Colon, taking about five days, sailing every Friday at 10 a. m. Allowing one week from Chicago to Colon, one week on the isthmus and one week for the return journey, the trip
Hematological abnormalities in hemophilic patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Jose L. Bello, Carmen Burgaleta, Manuel Magallon, Rafael Herruzo, Jose M. Villar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Hematological abnormalities are common in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. We studied cytological characteristics in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of 33 hemophilic patients with HIV Infection and in six HIV negatives. The HIV-positive patients presented leukopenia (60.6%), thrombocytopenia (69.9%), and anemia (57.5%). Bone marrow showed abnormalities of maturation in one or more cell lines similar to those described in other HIV-infected groups of patients. These findings were more prominent in megakaryocytes and granulocytic series. Lymphocytosis, plasmocytosis, and increased hemophagocytosis were also common. These alterations do not appear in HIV-negative patients and seem related to a direct effect of HIV on bone marrow cells or to alterations in T-cell regulatory functions.
Serum α-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status
Authors: Franco Trevisani, Paola Emanuela D'Intino, Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate, Giuseppe Mazzella, Esterita Accogli, Paolo Caraceni, Marco Domenicali, Stefania De Notariis, Enrico Roda, Mauro Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Infection by Communion Cups.
Authors: H. S. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, March 25, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —May I be permitted to seek, through your "Correspondence" column, some information in a matter in which I am deeply interested, and have been from its inception, namely, the sanitary communion cup? I would esteem it a great favor and personal kindness if any member of the profession throughout the United States would answer on the following points: 1, locality of church or churches using the individual communion cups; 2, denomination; 3, when adopted; 4, number of communicants—approximate; 5, if possible, and the respondent is a member of a church in which the individual communion chalices are in use, the undersigned would also like to have a brief expression of opinion as to the success of the new method, and what objections, if any, were urged against its adoption, whether pastoral or congregational? Very truly yours,
PHYSIOLOGIC MEANING OF COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: CARL J. WIGGERS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Medical diagnosis is a science that involves more than the ability to recognize signs and symptoms and subsequently to group them into complexes or syndromes which in the light of past experience makes it possible to call a disease by name. Even a modest claim to proficiency requires a knowledge of the pathologic anatomy involved. But real genius in diagnosis is not achieved without the mental ability to portray also the functional disturbances concerned. But all progress in eliciting obscure signs and new evidences of diseases and all discoveries in diversified fields of physiology have operated rather slowly in placing diagnosis on a physiologic basis. There are obvious reasons why the morphologic basis of disease antedated the functional conception. Morphologic pictures are concrete; they make a direct appeal to the senses. Physiologic processes are generally abstract; the mind can group them only through the employment of physical and chemical aids
Handbook of Drug Therapy in Psychiatry
Authors: Toksoz Byram Karasu
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Jerrold G. Bernstein, a psychiatrist with broad experience in clinical psychopharmacology, has written a valuable book that presents comprehensive information on the use of psychopharmacological agents in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The book begins with an elegant foreword written by Gerald L. Klerman, MD, an acknowledged inspirer of the author, who puts the subject in historical perspective. Dr Bernstein sees psychiatric disorders as being based on organic understanding of the dysfunctions of the nervous system. Without denying the role of psychological concepts and therapies, he unapologetically focuses on the biologic treatment of psychiatric disorders.  Although the book is designed to provide basic scientific information about the mechanisms of action of various psychopharmacological agents, this is neither its emphasis nor its strength. Nevertheless, it presents reasonably up-to-date information, given the pace of this rapidly developing field. The greater strength of this volume lies with the discussion of the clinical application
Safety Precautions to be Observed with Cooled Premixed Gases
Authors: A. Bracken, G. B. Broughton, D. W. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The gas delivered from a cylinder of Entonox (50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen) may not contain adequate quantities of oxygen if the cylinder has been cooled and then allowed to warm up in a vertical position. The composition of gas delivered from cylinders cooled to not lower than –40° C. remains unaltered if the cylinders are rewarmed for 24 hours in a horizontal position at a temperature of not less than 5° C. Cylinders of Entonox delivered in cold weather should be stored in a horizontal position at 5° C. or more for at least 24 hours before use.
Listening to the lungs.
Authors: A J Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cook to boil an egg, but it is hardly necessary or desirable.Doctors should be important teachers of health care and be able to concentrate their other skills and expertise mainly on complex problems and diseases which are often their major interest.This would ensure the greater availability of appropriate care at all the required levels for people who might otherwise be denied this.Many may feel threatened by change and resist any delegation of part of their traditional roles.Innovative schemes with all acting in a responsible fashion should ensure both the greater wellbeing of the community and justifiably earn the trust of patients.The primary health care nurse is a valuable member of the health care team in her own right and should not be seen as a "doctor-substitute" or assistant.
Role of an immunisation advisory clinic.
Authors: S Lingam, C L Miller, J Pateman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Few data are available concerning the relationship between alveolar and blood cell populations during neutropenia. We wanted to compare the value of pulmonary endoscopic procedures with lavage in neutropenic (polymorphonuclear (PMN) count &lt; or = 1,000.mm-3) and non-neutropenic settings. We therefore, retrospectively, reviewed the results of 118 investigations for pneumonia in patients with malignant haematological diseases. All had bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and some had additional studies with protected bacteriological samples. Each BAL specimen was studied after cytocentrifugation by cytological examination for opportunistic infections, haemorrhage, virus, legionellae, and bacteriological cultures. The diagnostic yield of all endoscopic procedures (BAL, telescoping plugged catheter and protected specimen brush) was 53% in neutropenic (Group 1) and 61% in non-neutropenic (Group 2) patients. The aetiological pattern of pneumonia was nearly the same in the two groups, except for more alveolar proteinosis in Group 1 and more cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Group 2. The absolute number of alveolar cells recovered through BAL (total number, macrophages, lymphocytes and PMNs) was significantly lower in neutropenic patients. We conclude that: 1) neutropenic patients with pneumonia require the same investigative approach as non-neutropenic patients; 2) profound neutropenia may be concomitant with a decreased cellularity of alveoli, which may reflect the consequences of marrow aplasia on the pulmonary cell population and/or direct effect of chemotherapy on the lung.
Binding of Antipsychotic Drugs to Cortical 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Receptors: A PET Study of Chlorpromazine, Clozapine, and Amisulpride in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Christian Trichard, Marie-Laure Paillére-Martinot, Dominique Attar-Levy, Christophe Recassens, François Monnet, Jean-Luc Martinot
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the binding to cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptors of conventional doses of the typical neuroleptic chlorpromazine in comparison with clozapine, the prototype atypical antipsychotic, and amisulpride, a specific dopamine D2-D3 blocker. METHOD: Seventeen schizophrenic patients treated with chlorpromazine (75–700 mg/day), four treated with clozapine (200–600 mg/day), and five treated with amisulpride (200–1200 mg/day) were studied. Cortical 5-HT2A binding was estimated by reference to the values for 14 antipsychotic-free schizophrenic subjects with the use of positron emission tomography and [18F]setoperone, a high-affinity radioligand for cortical 5-HT2A receptors. RESULTS: A dose-dependent decrease in the number of available cortical binding sites for [18F]setoperone was demonstrated in the chlorpromazine group; for the highest dose, there was a virtual lack of sites available for binding. A very low percentage of available binding sites was also observed in the clozapine-treated patients at all doses. This suggests a high level of 5-HT2A blockade with both clozapine and high doses of chlorpromazine. No significant binding of amisulpride to 5-HT2A receptors was detected. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of 5-HT2A receptor blockade does not appear specific to clozapine in comparison with high doses of chlorpromazine, suggesting that the distinct clinical profiles of both drugs are unrelated to 5-HT2A blockade itself.
Health benefits from genetics should be basic human right
Authors: S. K Mahajan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Bloom and Trach's editorial about genetics and developing countries seems to imply three things1: that the human genome project has refuted biological justification for racial discrimination; that those living in the poorest countries should be grateful for this; and that, although genetic discrimination against these people is unacceptable, economic discrimination (which will deny them the possible health benefits of genetic knowledge) should be accepted as public policy. These suggestions are unacceptable on factual, historical, and moral …
Laser Photocoagulation and Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone for Retinal Vein OcclusionsTREATMENT FOR RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONS
Authors: Emily Y. Chew
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The SCORE Study Research Group**Authors/Writing Committee: Michael S. Ip, MD (Chair); Ingrid U. Scott, MD, MPH; Paul C. VanVeldhuisen, PhD; Neal L. Oden, PhD; Barbara A. Blodi, MD; Marian Fisher, PhD; Lawrence J. Singerman, MD; Michael Tolentino, MD; Clement K. Chan, MD; Victor H. Gonzalez, MDObjective To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone with observation for eyes with vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to perfused central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 participants.Main Outcome Measure Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12.Results Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of participants achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0, 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of elevated intraocular pressure and cataract were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group.Conclusions Intravitreal triamcinolone is superior to observation for treating vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to CRVO in patients who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose.Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal triamcinolone in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for patients with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027
Abstract 2957: Cellular level of HSP27 phosphorylation plays a key switch from cell survival to death induced by TRAIL or gemcitabine.
Authors: Dongxu Kang, Hye J. Choi, Jina Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Jae Jin Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract TRAIL-induced activation of Akt catalytic activity and phosphorylation were highly correlated with p38/HSP27 phosphorylation, whereas the phosphorylation of p38/HSP27 increased further during incubation with curcumin and TRAIL, which caused significant apoptotic cell death in DU-145 cells. Next, we investigated whether the cellular level of HSP27 phosphorylation acts as a determinant of cell fate: from cell survival to cell death by biphasic way using another anticancer agent, gemcitabine an antitumor drug currently used for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. We have observed that gemcitabine induced p38/HSP27 phosphorylation and acquired resistance at lower concentration as TRAIL did. After the acquisition of TRAIL or gemcitabine resistance, cancer cells (DU-145 or Mia-PaCa) with acquired resistance to these drugs expressed higher amount of vimentin as well as various MMPs. However, the expression level of these proteins even in TRAIL or gemcitabine-resistant cells was significantly decreased by the incorporation of constitutively phospho-mimic HSP27 with concurrent cell death, providing a new potential strategy to overcome the drug resistance and ultimate metastasis. Citation Format: Dongxu Kang, Hye J. Choi, Jina Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Jae Jin Song. Cellular level of HSP27 phosphorylation plays a key switch from cell survival to death induced by TRAIL or gemcitabine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2957. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2957
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a trinucleotide-repeat expansion neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Brian P. Brooks, Kenneth H. Fischbeck
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1995)

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked, adult-onset motor neuronopathy that is caused by expansion of a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat in the androgen-receptor gene. The length of this repeat varies as it is passed down through SBMA families, and correlates inversely with the age of onset of the disease. The motor-neuron degeneration that occurs in this disease is probably caused by a toxic gain of function in the androgen-receptor protein. Subsequent to the identification of the mutation in SBMA, other inherited neurodegenerative diseases have been found to be caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the coding regions of other genes. Because these diseases probably share a common pathogenesis, investigation of SBMA might help to determine a general mechanism of neuronal degeneration.
Genetics, Genomics, and Drug Discovery
Authors: Tim Harris
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

Genetics and genomics are altering the drug discovery process and changing the practice of medicine. Genetic mapping and positional cloning will lead to the identification of disease susceptibility alleles of different genes and this will be further enabled by the publication of the DNA sequence of the human genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered by comparative sequencing and other methods will also speed up positional cloning and allow pharmacogenetics to proceed in a more comprehensive way than heretofore. Gene expression arrays coupled with studies in model organisms will help to define the function of all genes and determine how the products interact—the next big step. High throughput protein structure determination will also provide large-scale descriptions of protein function but with more biochemical clarity. In all of these studies data integration remains the biggest challenge. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 3, 203–211, 2000
Gastric metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Authors: F I Tovey
Journal: Gut (1996)

Letters the decreased CDAI scores, which are considered universally as unreliable and subjective assessments, remission induced in these patients by the novel treatment is probably only short lived.The high concen- trations of soluble TNF receptors show, in our opinion, that these patients have not achieved a stable remission.We have found that the concentration of the soluble TNF receptors in the urine is a useful prognostic indicator for determining the efficacy of treat- ment and predicting a change in the status of the disease: relapse and remission.
What unifies experiences generated by different parts of my brain?
Authors: Eric Schwitzgebel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Neither of the explanations O'Brien &amp; Opie offer to account for “subject unity” succeeds. Subject unity cannot arise from constructed personal narratives, because such narratives presuppose a prior unity of experience. Subject unity also cannot arise from projection of experiences to the same position in space, as reflection on pregnant women and the spatially deluded reveals.
Quality of Care Among Care Providers
Authors: JUDITH A. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 April 1980Quality of Care Among Care ProvidersJUDITH A. JOHNSON, M.P.H., C.R.N., DIANE K. SCHWEIZER, M.S., C.R.N.JUDITH A. JOHNSON, M.P.H., C.R.N.Search for more papers by this author, DIANE K. SCHWEIZER, M.S., C.R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-568_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: When the article "Quality of Patient Care by Nurse Practitioners and Physician's Assistants: A Ten-Year Perspective" appeared in the September 1979 issue (1), we were pleased with Dr. Harold Sox's analysis of 21 studies and the conclusion that nurse practitioners and physician's assistants provided office-based care that is indistinguishable from physician care. Our concern was, however, raised by the generalization that "differences between care given by nurse practitioners and physician's assistants are probably small or nonexistent," since none of the studies compared these two health-care providers and the author readily acknowledges no such studies exist.Both physician's...Reference1. SOX H. Quality of patient care by nurse practitioners and physician's assistants: a ten-year perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:459-68. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: SHARE 555 Simpson Street; St. Paul, MN 55104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1980Volume 92, Issue 4Page: 568-569KeywordsHealth care qualityNursesPatients Issue Published: 1 April 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Limited-Scale Questionnaire Study of Nonfatal-Accident Cases
Authors: Marion Gleason, Peter Gleason
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

A QUESTIONNAIRE study of 350 nonfatal-accident cases was undertaken to evaluate a shortcut method of history taking. The forms used were designed to reveal possible disorders in an injured patient that might have contributed to the accident. The accident-predisposing factors sought were sensory and neuromuscular disorders. Although emotional factors in accident causation were recognized as important, they were not considered apart from impaired physiology in this study because their importance is already well established.Scope of the ProblemThe type of accident-predisposing disorder that the questionnaires were designed to disclose is exemplified by a patient who usually left his car . . .
Cesarean Births and Trial of Labor Rates-Reply
Authors: Patricia H. Shiono
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Iffy's letter misinterprets our conclusion. We did not say that "the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development—sponsored Consensus Development Conference on Cesarean Childbirth failed to affect the increasing rates of abdominal deliveries." We stated that "substantial increases have been observed in the rates of trial of labor and vaginal births after a previous cesarean delivery. However, these changes have not been sufficient to stem the rising cesarean delivery rates." There is a difference between these two conclusions. We believe that although cesarean delivery rates are still rising, the rates would be substantially higher without the recent trend toward trial of labor and VBAC. Dr Iffy also cites operating-room availability as a factor possibly limiting adoption of VBAC. On the contrary, crowding of operating facilities might be reducible if more VBACs were done. Dr Poma's letter discusses several factors that may contribute to the increasing cesarean
Assessment of Pericardial Inflammation in a Patient With Tuberculous Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis With <sup>18</sup> F-2-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Jong-Won Ha, Jong-Doo Lee, Young-Gook Ko, Mijin Yun, Se-Joong Rim, Namsik Chung, Sang-Ho Cho
Journal: Circulation (2006)