tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 101: Claudin-4 overexpression is associated with epigenetic derepression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Mi Jeong Kwon, Seok-Hyung Kim, Hae Min Jeong, Sung-Su Kim, Jae Eun Lee, Myung Chan Gye, Sang Seok Koh, Cheol Keun Park, Young Kee Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The tight junction protein claudin-4 is aberrantly up-regulated in gastric cancer, but its clinical significance and the molecular mechanism underlying claudin-4 overexpression in gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated its roles and epigenetic mechanism regulating CLDN4 expression in gastric cancer. We show that increased membranous expression of claudin-4 in gastric carcinoma is associated with better patient prognosis, whereas cytoplasmic claudin-4 expression didn't show a significant association with prognosis. Consistent with the correlation of increased membranous claudin-4 with favorable clinicopathological factors, claudin-4 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells; in contrast, it didn't affect cell growth. Claudin-4 expression also increased the barrier function of tight junctions. Claudin-4 up-regulation was strongly correlated with DNA hypomethylation in both gastric tissues and gastric cancer cells. Moreover, loss of repressive histone methylations and gain of active histone modifications were associated with CLDN4 overexpression in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, CLDN4 repression could be markedly derepressed by combined treatments that simultaneously target both histone modifications and DNA demethylation in CLDN4-hypermethylated cells, whereas concomitant changes in histone methylations and acetylations are required for CLDN4 induction in CLDN4-repressed cells with low DNA methylation. Taken together, this study reveals that membranous claudin-4 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression as well as it is an independent positive prognosis marker in gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, our findings suggest that epigenetic derepression may be a possible mechanism underlying CLDN4 overexpression in gastric cancer and that claudin-4 may have potential as a promising target for the treatment of gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-101
Prognostic Value of Myocardial Infarct Size and Contractile Reserve Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sebastian Kelle, Stijntje D. Roes, Christoph Klein, Thomas Kokocinski, Albert de Roos, Eckart Fleck, Jeroen J. Bax, Eike Nagel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Recanalization of chronically occluded aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts by extended infusion of urokinase: Initial results and short-term clinical follow-up
Authors: Joseph R. Hartmann, Louis S. McKeever, Nicholas J. Stamato, Vincent J. Bufalino, Joseph C. Marek, Alan S. Brown, Mark J. Goodwin, John M. Cahill, Elaine L. Enger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Germany’s Health Care System
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

With every important advance in medical care, the challenge of providing a country's population with comprehensive health services has become more formidable, because increases in the cost of such services continue to outstrip the rate of economic growth in all major Western nations, patients resist reductions in insured care, and physicians maintain their expensive pursuit of clinical excellence. Among industrialized countries, West Germany's health insurance system came closest during the 1980s to limiting increases in spending to a rate that equaled the growth of its national income; the disparity between these two measures was greatest in the United States.1The . . .
Emergence of Androgen Independence at Early Stages of Prostate Cancer Progression in <i>Nkx3.1; Pten</i> Mice
Authors: Hui Gao, Xuesong Ouyang, Whitney A. Banach-Petrosky, Michael M. Shen, Cory Abate-Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Although androgen deprivation therapy is a widely used treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer, it ultimately results in the emergence of a hormone-refractory disease that is invariably fatal. To provide insights into the genesis of this disease, we have employed an in vivo model to investigate how and when prostate epithelial cells can acquire the ability to survive and proliferate in the absence of androgens. In particular, we have been studying the evolution of androgen independence in Nkx3.1; Pten mutant mice, which develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma as a consequence of aging, as well as androgen-independent phenotypes following castration. We now find that the prostate epithelial cells from these Nkx3.1; Pten mutant mice are capable of surviving and proliferating in the absence of androgens and that they develop androgen-independent phenotypes well before they display overt prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer phenotypes. Our findings in this mouse model show that acquisition of androgen independence can be uncoupled from overt cancer progression and raise the possibility that hormone-refractory disease can arise at early stages of prostate carcinogenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7929-33)
Incidental Diagnosis of Peyronie Disease on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Yvonne Y. Ho, Uei Pua, Lynette L. S. Teo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 51-year-old man with renal failure, admitted for fever and pain over his peritoneal dialysis catheter site, was diagnosed with a pelvic abscess. Whole-body bone scintigraphy, performed as part of the septic workup, showed incidental uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the perineum. This is consistent with tunica albuginea calcification confirmed on penile ultrasound, x-ray, and computed tomography. The patient later revealed a history of erectile dysfunction. Imaging findings and history are consistent with Peyronie disease.
Intracellular alkalization causes pain sensation through activation of TRPA1 in mice
Authors: Fumitaka Fujita, Kunitoshi Uchida, Tomoko Moriyama, Asako Shima, Koji Shibasaki, Hitoshi Inada, Takaaki Sokabe, Makoto Tominaga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Vertebrate cells require a very narrow pH range for survival. Cells accordingly possess sensory and defense mechanisms for situations where the pH deviates from the viable range. Although the monitoring of acidic pH by sensory neurons has been attributed to several ion channels, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), the mechanisms by which these cells detect alkaline pH are not well understood. Here, using Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recording, we showed that alkaline pH activated transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) and that activation of this ion channel was involved in nociception. In addition, intracellular alkalization activated TRPA1 at the whole-cell level, and single-channel openings were observed in the inside-out configuration, indicating that alkaline pH activated TRPA1 from the inside. Analyses of mutants suggested that the two N-terminal cysteine residues in TRPA1 were involved in activation by intracellular alkalization. Furthermore, intraplantar injection of ammonium chloride into the mouse hind paw caused pain-related behaviors that were not observed in TRPA1-deficient mice. These results suggest that alkaline pH causes pain sensation through activation of TRPA1 and may provide a molecular explanation for some of the human alkaline pH–related sensory disorders whose mechanisms are largely unknown.
Abstract 3101: Pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2) promotes thyroid carcinogenesis by activation of cyclin D2
Authors: Yue Huang, Guozhang Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2), a Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor and a downstream effector of β-catenin signaling, plays substantial roles in normal embryonic development but its possible involvement in tumorigenesis was unknown. In this study, we extend its function in human cancer. Remarkably, we found that PITX2 was frequently overexpressed in human cancerous (papillary, follicular, and anaplastic) thyroid tissues, indicating for the first time that overactivated PITX2 may contribute to thyroid cancer. Cell-based and biochemical studies were performed to uncover the molecular mechanism of PITX2 action in thyroid cancer. Knockdown of PITX2 gene expression in human thyroid cancer cells significantly reduced cell proliferation and soft-agar colony formation. Biochemical analysis of cell cycle regulators upon PITX2 knockdown revealed down-regulation of all three D-type Cyclins (Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2 and Cyclin D3), dephosphorylation of Rb, and up-regulation of p15(INK4B) and p27(Kip1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assay indicated that Cyclin D2 was a direct target gene of PITX2. Consistently, we observed that high expression levels of Cyclin D2 were frequently associated with PITX2 overexpression in thyroid cancer tissues. To confirm our results in vivo, we took advantage of a mouse model of thyroid cancer (TRbetaPV/PV mouse). Consistently, the aberrant elevation of Pitx2 levels in the thyroid cancer of TRbetaPV/PV mice was accompanied by up-regulation of Cyclin Ds, increased phosphorylation of Rb, and down-regulation of p15(INK4B). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the overactivated PITX2-Cyclin D2 pathway promotes thyroid tumorigenesis, and they provide the first evidence implicating an oncogenic role of PITX2 in human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3101.
Ventilatory function test values of health adult Jordanians.
Authors: N A Sliman, B M Dajani, H M Dajani
Journal: Thorax (1981)

A sample of 144 male, and 117 female healthy adults was selected to determine the normal ventilatory functions for Jordanians. Forced vital capacity, FEV1, and FMF 25-75% were determined using a dry bellows spirometer. Linear regression curves and nomograms were constructed for predicted values. Jordanian values for FVC and FEV1 were similar to those of Caucasians living in the western hemisphere.
A Short Textbook of Kidney Disease
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

"Practical and imaginative" best describe this compact book. Its terminology and spelling, though British, are easily understood. The authors waste few words. Supplementing their text with simple diagrams, tables, line drawings, and photomicrographs, they correlate clinical and laboratory findings with various renal disease. In discussing renal structure and function, Douglas and Kerr include light and electron microscopic observations, mechanisms of salt, water, and acid excretion, and theories of countercurrent flow and osmotic diuresis through the intact nephron. Throughout the book, in critical appraisals of investigative procedures, they give indications for various laboratory tests, radiographic and radioisotope surveys, and renal biopsy. After defining morphologic and physiologic changes characterizing the nephrotic syndrome, the authors briefly describe use of high protein diets, intravenous human albumen, and immunosuppressive drugs. They carefully set forth the indications for steroid therapy and its limitations and, using an excellent diagram to depict probable sites of action along the
Eosinophils in Lungs
Authors: Mortimer Litt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Although the functional importance of the eosinophil remains unknown despite rather intensive inquiries for almost a century, the presence of unusual numbers of these cells has served to alert physicians to certain diagnostic implications. A monumental body of evidence supports the commonly held belief that eosinophilia bespeaks the presence of an atopic condition, but it is not widely appreciated that a degree of eosinophilia has been noted during some phase of virtually every human disease. Thus, eosinophilia is apt to develop in carcinomas of organ systems that have a window to the outside world, especially if the mucosal lining is . . .
Silver Impairs Neurodevelopment: Studies in PC12 Cells
Authors: Christina M. Powers, Nicola Wrench, Ian T. Ryde, Amanda M. Smith, Frederic J. Seidler, Theodore A. Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Exposure to silver is increasing because of silver nanoparticles in consumer products.Many biological effects of silver entail actions of Ag+ (monovalent silver ions), so we used neuronotypic PC12 cells to evaluate the potential for silver to act as a developmental neurotoxicant, using chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide known to evoke developmental neurotoxicity, as a positive control for comparison.In undifferentiated cells, a 1-hr exposure to 10 microM Ag+ inhibited DNA synthesis more potently than did 50 microM CPF; it also impaired protein synthesis but to a lesser extent than its effect on DNA synthesis, indicating a preferential effect on cell replication. Longer exposures led to oxidative stress, loss of viability, and reduced numbers of cells. With the onset of cell differentiation, exposure to 10 microM Ag+ evoked even greater inhibition of DNA synthesis and more oxidative stress, selectively impaired neurite formation without suppressing overall cell growth, and preferentially suppressed development into the acetylcholine phenotype in favor of the dopamine phenotype. Lowering the exposure to 1 microM Ag+ reduced the net effect on undifferentiated cells. However, in differentiating cells, the lower concentration produced an entirely different pattern, enhancing cell numbers by suppressing ongoing cell death and impairing differentiation in parallel for both neurotransmitter phenotypes.Our results show that silver has the potential to evoke developmental neurotoxicity even more potently than known neurotoxicants, such as CPF, and that the spectrum of effects is likely to be substantially different at lower exposures that do not show signs of outright toxicity.
Adaptive Trials in Clinical Research
Authors: Rieke van der Graaf, Kit C. B. Roes, Johannes J. M. van Delden
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Dilemmas of Mothers Who Are Physicians and of Physicians Who Are Mothers
Authors: Linda F. Ruekert
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a working woman who is married and has a 6-year-old son, I read with interest "Equal, Not Really" in the Aug 16 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. I empathize with the author's situation; it is very difficult to achieve a balance between the demands of children, a marriage, and a career (whether one is female or male) without compromising the quality of effort expended in one or more of the areas. However, I was most disturbed that this woman, her husband, and her son's teacher, speech pathologist, director of the school, and assistant headmaster all determined that the cause of her son's speech problem was because of<i>her</i>working. Why not because the child's father worked? She states that she will "of course" alter her work load. Why isn't her husband altering his? I agree that this woman is not really equal because although she has a successful
Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Intravenous Amiodarone and Bretylium in the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent, Hemodynamically Destabilizing Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation
Authors: Peter R. Kowey, Joseph H. Levine, John M. Herre, Antonio Pacifico, Bruce D. Lindsay, Vance J. Plumb, Denise L. Janosik, Harry A. Kopelman, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background After several days of loading, oral amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, is highly effective in controlling ventricular tachyarrhythmias; however, the delay in onset of activity is not acceptable in patients with immediately life-threatening arrhythmias. Therefore, an intravenous form of therapy is advantageous. This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of a high and a low dose of intravenous amiodarone with bretylium, the only approved class III antiarrhythmic agent. Methods and Results A total of 302 patients with refractory, hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were enrolled in this double-blind trial at 82 medical centers in the United States. They were randomly assigned to therapy with intravenous bretylium (4.7 g) or intravenous amiodarone administered in a high dose (1.8 g) or a low dose (0.2 g). The primary analysis, arrhythmia event rate during the first 48 hours of therapy, showed comparable efficacy between the bretylium group and the high-dose (1000 mg/24 h) amiodarone group that was greater than that of the low-dose (125 mg/24 h) amiodarone group. Similar results were obtained in the secondary analyses of time to first event and the proportion of patients requiring supplemental infusions. Overall mortality in the 48-hour double-blind period was 13.6% and was not significantly different among the three treatment groups. Significantly more patients treated with bretylium had hypotension compared with the two amiodarone groups. More patients remained on the 1000-mg amiodarone regimen than on the other regimens. Conclusions Bretylium and amiodarone appear to have comparable efficacies for the treatment of highly malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Bretylium use, however, may be limited by a high incidence of hypotension.
Surrogate Decision Making: Reconciling Ethical Theory and Clinical Practice
Authors: Jeffrey T. Berger, Evan G. DeRenzo, Jack Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The care of adult patients without decision-making abilities is a routine part of medical practice. Decisions for these patients are typically made by surrogates according to a process governed by a hierarchy of 3 distinct decision-making standards: patients' known wishes, substituted judgments, and best interests. Although this framework offers some guidance, it does not readily incorporate many important considerations of patients and families and does not account for the ways in which many patients and surrogates prefer to make decisions. In this article, the authors review the research on surrogate decision making, compare it with normative standards, and offer ways in which the 2 can be reconciled for the patient's benefit.
Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Southern Italian Patients
Authors: Francesco Perticone, Roberto Ceravolo, Carmela Cosco, Maria Trapasso, Adriana Zingone, Paola Malatesta, Nicola Perrotti, Donatella Tramontano, Pier L Mattioli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
The Scope and Impact of Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the United States and Canada
Authors: Timothy R. Sterling, James Bethel, Stefan Goldberg, Paul Weinfurter, Lourdes Yun, C. Robert Horsburgh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The scope of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the United States and Canada is unknown. Identifying the types of clinics that administer such treatment and patients who receive it could guide resource utilization and improve treatment initiation and completion.Estimate the number of persons started on LTBI treatment; describe the types of clinics that treat LTBI.The Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium, consisting of 19 United States and 2 Canadian sites, conducted a survey among clinics that initiated LTBI treatment for>or=10 patients in 2002.Study catchment areas from the 19 United States sites represented 8.6% of the United States population and 12.7% of all tuberculosis cases in 2000. An estimated 37,857 patients started LTBI treatment during 2002 at 244 clinics surveyed. Of these treatment starts, 29,970 (79%) occurred at general public health clinics; immigrant/refugee clinics (2,409; 6.4%) and correctional/detention facilities (2,325; 6.1%) were the next most common sites. Based on these data, United States tuberculosis case rates, and United States population data, the estimated total number of LTBI treatment starts in the United States was 291,000-433,000. When the 37,145 persons who initiated LTBI treatment in the United States were extrapolated to the entire United States population, with a 5% lifetime risk of tuberculosis without treatment, and 20-60% treatment effectiveness, approximately 4,000-11,000 tuberculosis cases were prevented in the United States.LTBI treatment is initiated among a substantial number of persons in the United States and Canada, primarily in the public sector. Treatment of LTBI can significantly decrease the tuberculosis burden.
STUDIES ON HYPERSENSITIVENESS TO DIPHTHERIA BACILLI
Authors: James M. Neill, William L. Fleming
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The paper describes an "immediate" skin reaction to derivatives of the diphtheria bacillus which is shown to be distinct from the "delayed" or "pseudoreaction" commonly seen in Schick tests on adults. The "immediate" reaction was passively transferred to local areas of the skin of other people.
Outcomes of Medicare Beneficiaries With Ventricular Assist Devices—Reply
Authors: Adrian F. Hernandez
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal