tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strategies for reducing coronary risk factors in primary care: which is most cost effective?
Authors: K Field, M Thorogood, C Silagy, C Normand, C O'Neill, J Muir
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the relative cost effectiveness of a range of screening and intervention strategies for preventing coronary heart disease in primary care. <b>Subjects</b>: 7840 patients aged 35-64 years who were participants in a trial of modifying coronary heart disease risk factors in primary care. <b>Design</b>: Effectiveness of interventions assumed and the potential years of life gained estimated from a risk equation calculated from Framingham study data. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: The cost per year of life gained. <b>Results</b>: The most cost effective strategy was minimal screening of blood pressure and personal history of vascular disease, which cost pounds sterling310-pounds sterling930 per year of life gained for men and pounds sterling1100-pounds sterling3460 for women excluding treatment of raised blood pressure. The extra cost per life year gained by adding smoking history to the screening was pounds sterling400-pounds sterling6300 in men. All strategies were more cost effective in men than in women and more cost effective in older age groups. Lipid lowering drugs accounted for at least 70% of the estimated costs of all strategies. Cost effectiveness was greatest when drug treatment was limited to those with cholesterol concentrations above 9.5 mmol/l. <b>Conclusions</b>: Universal screening and intervention strategies are an inefficient approach to reducing the coronary heart disease burden. A basic strategy for screening and intervention, targeted at older men with raised blood pressure and limiting the use of cholesterol lowering drugs to those with very high cholesterol concentrations would be most cost effective. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages The most cost effective strategy is to target patients with raised blood pressure or a history of coronary heart disease Extending the strategy to include other factors increases the cost by variable amounts All prevention strategies are more cost effective in men than in women and in older than younger age groups Drug treatment for patients with high cholesterol concentrations is cost effective, but the incremental cost of extending treatment to lower cholesterol concentrations is high
THE REACTIONS OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS TO A PSYCHIATRIC ABSTRACTING SERVICE
Authors: RUSSELL N. CARRIER, ROBERT S. GARBER, CYRIL M. FRANKS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In conclusion and summary then, the Carrier Clinic Abstracts of Psychiatry for the General Practitioner seems to be fairly successful in meeting a recognized need of the general practitioner for practical information and guidance about commonly encountered psychiatric disorders. It is apparently also serving a function which is not quite as well recognized as a need by the average general practitioner–namely the need to develop partial insight into personal reactions and into doctor-patient interactions regardless of the nature of the presenting complaint. The editors and abstracting committee would be advised to develop their searching and abstracting techniques in two different directions. First, they have to recognize that a wealth of practical material of direct value to the general practitioner sometimes lies obscured beneath a mass of technical detail and highly professional idiom which is frequently only intelligible to the specialist and his specialized cohort–and sometimes not even to them. It is the task of the editors to discover, translate and edit the relevant portions of these articles and present them to the general practitioner in readable, yet still accurate, form. Second, they have to seek out, condense and collect under one roof the more significant of those non-specialist psychiatric articles which lie scattered from time to time throughout the 3,000 or so medical journals which appear regularly somewhere in the world. Here the problems are primarily those of wise selection and good condensation. From the point of view of prospective authors the urgent need seems to be for concise and up to date information on the various problems associated with state and voluntary commitment procedures for mental patients. The other area where more articles are required is that of practical "know-how," a sort of do-it-yourself manual for the family physician who has to cope with a wide variety of direct and reactive neurotic conditions in his general practice. Included in this latter type of article would be the provision of information and warning signs which might advise the physician when to consider seeking more specialized psychiatric help elsewhere.
Margaret and Charley: The Personal Story of Dr. Charles Best, the Co-Discoverer of Insulin
Authors: L. Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ONE FORM OF "ELEPHANTIASIS NOSTRAS" OF THE VULVA—DIFFUSE CONNECTIVE-TISSUE HYPERPLASIA AT PUBERTY, PROBABLY ON A SCROFULO-TUBERCULOUS BASIS
Authors: F. PAEKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article ONE FORM OF “ELEPHANTIASIS NOSTRAS” OF THE VULVA—DIFFUSE CONNECTIVE‐TISSUE HYPERPLASIA AT PUBERTY, PROBABLY ON A SCROFULO‐TUBERCULOUS BASIS Get access F. PAEKES WEBER, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PAEKES WEBER, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 3, 1 March 1923, Pages 106–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09092.x Published: 01 March 1923
S124 RAGE is expressed by human airway smooth muscle cells and expression is increased in asthma
Authors: L. Di Candia, E. Gomez, J. Challiss, C. E. Brightling, R. Saunders
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction contributes to the airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow obstruction observed in asthma. The receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor activated by endogenous danger signals, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). RAGE and HMGB1 are implicated in many pathophysiological states, such as diabetes and Alzheimer9s disease. RAGE is abundantly expressed in healthy adult lung, where it might serve a homeostatic function, for example, in alveolar type I epithelial cells; however, RAGE expression/function in other airway cell-types is poorly characterised. We hypothesised that changes in RAGE and HMGB1 expression may contribute to ASM dysfunction in asthma. Therefore, RAGE/HMGB1 expression was investigated in human primary ASM cells. <h3>Methods</h3> ASM was microdissected from bronchial biopsies and large airway specimens obtained at lung resection surgery. <i>Ex-vivo</i> ASM cells were characterised for a-smooth muscle actin and used between passages 2–5. Cells were serum deprived in ITS medium for 72-h prior to experimentation. RAGE and HMGB1 mRNA expression was measured using RT-PCR and qRT-PCR, and protein expression by western blotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> ASM cells were shown to express the full-length and three soluble RAGE transcripts by RT-PCR (n=5), and an HMGB1 transcript by qRT-PCR (n=6). By flow cytometry membrane-localised RAGE expression was shown to be significantly increased in ASM cells isolated from asthmatics (18.0±5.4% of the ASM population expressed RAGE, n=6) vs non-asthmatics (8.6±6.5%, n=7; *p&lt;0.05), and a trend towards decreased HMGB1 expression in asthmatics (18.8±10.5%, n=6) vs non-asthmatics (35.7±19.1%, n=6) was observed; however, these values were not significantly different. RAGE and HMGB1 expression were confirmed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Human ASM cells express RAGE and its ligand HMGB1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Membrane-localised RAGE protein expression is significantly increased and there is a trend towards a decrease in HMGB1 protein expression in ASM isolated from asthmatic vs non-asthmatic subjects. The contribution of these changes to ASM dysfunction in asthma requires further investigation.
Hepatocyte plasma membrane glycosphingolipid reactive with sera from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: Its identification as sulfatide
Authors: Gotaro Toda, Yusei Ikeda, Masuo Kashiwagi, Masao Iwamori, Hiroshi Oka
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Sera from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis were found to contain IgG-class antibody to the acidic glycosphingolipid fraction from rabbit hepatocyte plasma membrane by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using serum positive for the antibody as a probe, we isolated the target antigen by Iatrobeads column chromatography. Analysis by thinlayer chromatography and negative ion fast atombombardment mass spectrometry revealed that the antigen was sulfatide. The presence of antisulfatide antibody was also confirmed by immunoblotting. The reactivity of the serum with sulfatide was diminished by preincubation of the serum with galactosylceramide-6-sulfate and sulfatide, indicating that the antibody reacted with sulfated galactosylceramide regardless of the position of the sulfate residue. The antibody was found in 92.3%, 42.9%, 15.8%, 14.2%, 0% and 0%, respectively, of patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic active hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis. Thus antisulfatide antibody was characteristic of autoimmune-type chronic liver diseases. Antisulfatide antibody was absorbed by rabbit hepatocyte plasma membrane. Preincubation of sera with sulfatide immobilized on Sepharose decreased their reactivities with not only sulfatide but also rabbit plasma membrane and rat hepatocytes. Therefore sulfatide may be a target antigen of the antibody to hepatocyte surface membrane. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:664–670).
Just End-of-Life Policies and Patient Dignity
Authors: Richard E. Grant, Michael Boylan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

"Just End-of-Life Policies and Patient Dignity." The American Journal of Bioethics, 6(5), pp. 32–33 Notes 1. The authors wish to dedicate their remarks to Shirley Allen-Grant, M.D., M.B.A., in memoriam, who went through the end-of-life medical system and died with dignity.
Letter: Screening methods for covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls.
Authors: R Hole
Journal: BMJ (1975)

have been both surprised by the low plasma levels of prostaglandinlike activity reported (pg/1) and jealous of the sensitivity of our assay.The values before and after surgery were 1 million times higher and should have read 5-4 and 0 5 ng prostaglandin E2 equivalents/ml respectively.
Spectinomycin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Clyde Thornsberry
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>resistant to high levels of spectinomycin (more than 2,048 μg/ml), were isolated from specimens obtained from a patient with urethritis. The bacterial resistance to spectinomycin is probably due to ribosomal changes that are a result of a chromosomal mutation. If spectinomycin fails to cure gonorrhea, spectinomycin resistance should be considered. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2405-2406, 1977)
Paraquat Poisoning--Lung Transplantation
Authors: H. Matthew, A. Logan, M. F. A. Woodruff, B. Heard
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A 15-year-old boy ingested a mouthful of paraquat and developed severe respiratory distress. Treatment included the transplantation of one lung, but subsequently changes developed in the graft which are thought to have been due to paraquat, and the patient died two weeks after the operation The dangers of keeping poisonous substances in incorrectly labelled bottles has once again been demonstrated, while the pattern of paraquat poisoning, especially the development of proliferative alveolitis and terminal bronchiolitis, is confirmed. Immediate forced diuresis followed by haemodialysis is necessary to remove paraquat, thereby perhaps avoiding initiation of the changes in the lungs. The technical feasibility of human lung transplantation has again been demonstrated. It has also been shown that infection does not necessarily pose an insuperable problem, at any rate if, as in the case described, there was no preoperative pulmonary infection in either recipient or donor.
Neural Population Tuning Links Visual Cortical Anatomy to Human Visual Perception
Authors: Chen Song, Dietrich Samuel Schwarzkopf, Ryota Kanai, Geraint Rees
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Highlights•Variability in cortical thickness and surface area has opposite functional impacts•Smaller human visual cortical thickness links to high neural and perceptual acuity•Larger human visual cortical surface area links to high neural and perceptual acuitySummaryThe anatomy of cerebral cortex is characterized by two genetically independent variables, cortical thickness and cortical surface area, that jointly determine cortical volume. It remains unclear how cortical anatomy might influence neural response properties and whether such influences would have behavioral consequences. Here, we report that thickness and surface area of human early visual cortices exert opposite influences on neural population tuning with behavioral consequences for perceptual acuity. We found that visual cortical thickness correlated negatively with the sharpness of neural population tuning and the accuracy of perceptual discrimination at different visual field positions. In contrast, visual cortical surface area correlated positively with neural population tuning sharpness and perceptual discrimination accuracy. Our findings reveal a central role for neural population tuning in linking visual cortical anatomy to visual perception and suggest that a perceptually advantageous visual cortex is a thinned one with an enlarged surface area.
Bispecific Antibody That Binds Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Ricin Toxin A Chain Cytotoxic for Gastrointestinal Tract Tumor Cells
Authors: R. A. ROBINS, M. J. EMBLETON, M. V. PIMM, D. S. BETFS, A. CHARLESTON, A. J. MARKHAM, R. W. BALDWIN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)
MicroRNA Responses to Cellular Stress
Authors: Carmen J. Marsit, Karen Eddy, Karl T. Kelsey
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Recent work has begun to explore the instrumental role that small noncoding RNA species, particularly microRNAs (miRNA), have both in classifying human tumors and in directing embryonic development. These studies suggest that developmental programs in essentially all organisms studied are set, in part, by varied expressions of miRNAs and that neoplasia is characterized by altered expression of miRNAs. Reasoning that these observations are linked, we examined whether cellular exposures that induce both developmental anomalies and cancer alter miRNAs. Using microarrays of 385 known human miRNAs, we studied human lymphoblastoid cells grown under various conditions or treatments. Folate deficiency induced a pronounced global increase in miRNA expression. We observed no significant alteration in miRNA expression in cells treated with γ-irradiation, whereas exposure to sodium arsenite led to global increases in miRNA expression. The miRNA hsa-miR-222 was identified from these arrays as significantly overexpressed under folate-deficient conditions, and this finding was confirmed in vivo in human peripheral blood from individuals with low folate intake. Alterations to cellular miRNA expression profiles represent a novel mode of action of folate deprivation and arsenic exposure, and specific alterations in miRNA expression may be a powerful biomarker for these and other toxins with serious effects on human health. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10843-8)
Rop, a drosophila homolog of yeast Sec1 and vertebrate n-Sect/Munc-18 proteins, is a negative regulator of neurotransmitter release in vivo
Authors: Karen L. Schulze, J.Troy Littleton, Adi Salzberg, Naomi Halachmi, Michael Stern, Zeev Lev, Hugo J. Bellen
Journal: Neuron (1994)
Paracetamol causes most liver failure in UK and US
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Unintentional overdose with the painkiller paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most common cause of acute liver failure in United Kingdom, a study has found ( Gastroenterology 2006;130:687-94). Acetaminophen-protein adducts are specific biomarkers of drug toxicity and were detected in the serum of all patients with acute liver failure due to acetaminophen and in no patients with failure due to other causes, providing a useful diagnostic test.

Paracetamol's toxicity is also the single biggest cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Cases have been rising for six years, according to a study published in December ( Hepatology 2005;42:1364-72). By 2003, the drug accounted for just over half the cases of acute liver failure, and about half of these cases were the result of unintentional overdose.

“Acetaminophen is probably the most commonly used medication …
HISTORICAL ADDRESS.Read before the Lancaster City and County Medical Society, on the occasion of the celebration of its semi-centennial, Feb. 14, 1894.
Authors: J. L. ZIEGLER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Time—noiseless, ceaseless, swift-winged time, has brought us to the fiftieth anniversary of our existence as a Society. It seems but yesterday that the venerable Dr. Samuel Humes first occupied the honorable position of President of the Lancaster City and County Medical Society. On Feb. 14, 1844, the Society was organized by the adoption of a constitution and by-laws and the election of officers. There had been several preliminary meetings of the city physicians held at the house of Dr. Eli Parry, the first of which was held Jan. 18, 1844, at which meeting a sketch of a constitution and by-laws was submitted and a call issued to the physicians of the county to assemble on Feb. 14, 1844. This, the first meeting, will be best understood by reading the minutes: "At a meeting of the medical gentlemen of the city and county of Lancaster, held this day pursuant to notice
Hypoplasia of the Inflow Portion of the Right Ventricle: An Angiocardiographic Sign of Tricuspid Atresia
Authors: MURRAY G. BARON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Atresia of the tricuspid valve is constantly associated with a large interatrial communication and an underdeveloped right ventricle. The ventricle adjacent to the right atrium is usually represented by a solid mass of myocardium without a lumen and, therefore, remain unopacified on an angiocardiogram. The resulting triangular lucency between the contrast-filled right atrium and left ventricle is the angiocardiographic hallmark of tricuspid atresia.
[167] LONG TERM EFFICACY OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BILIARY COMPLICATIONS (BC) AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT)
Authors: S. Mejdoubi, F. Chermak, J.E. Payen, P. Bauret, C. Bregeon, N. Railhac, F. Muscari, B. Sue, N. Kamar, L. Rostaing, L. Alric, J.P. Vinel, G.P. Pageaux, K. Barange
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Proteolytic enzymes in blister fluids from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: A.I. OIKARINEN, T. REUNALA, J.J. ZONE, U. KIISTALA, J. UITTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Proteolytic enzymes in blister fluids from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis Get access A.I. OIKARINEN, A.I. OIKARINEN Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. REUNALA, T. REUNALA Department of Dermatology, University of Tampere, Finland Dr Timo Reunala, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Tampere, Teiskontie 35, SF‐33520 Tampere, Finland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. ZONE, J.J. ZONE Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. KIISTALA, U. KIISTALA Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. UITTO J. UITTO Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 3, 1 March 1986, Pages 295–302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02820.x Published: 01 March 1986 Article history Accepted: 26 August 1985 Published: 01 March 1986