tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with labetalol in hypertension.
Authors: M H Frick, P Porsti
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The antihypertensive effect of labetalol, a new alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor inhibiting agent, was studied in 20 patients in a double-blind crossover trial. A dose of 300 mg daily reduced blood pressure only moderately in the supine position, though in the sitting and standing positions the effect was more pronounced. A dose of 600 mg daily produced statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions in blood pressure in all positions studied. The effect on heart rate was small and of significance only in reducing the heart rate increment due to a change in posture. Side effects were mild: only one patient complained of postural dizziness with the higher dose. We conclude that labetalol is useful in the treatment of mild and moderately severe hypertension.
Prospective analysis of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Rosario F. Velázquez, Manuel Rodríguez, Carmen A. Navascués, Antonio Linares, Ramón Pérez, Nieves G. Sotorríos, Isabel Martínez, Luis Rodrigo
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Better knowledge of the risk factors associated with the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could improve the efficacy of surveillance programs. A total of 463 patients aged 40 to 65 years with liver cirrhosis in Child-Pugh class A or B were included in a program of early diagnosis. The predictive value of different risk factors was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Thirty-eight patients developed HCC. In the multivariate analysis, 4 variables showed an independent predictive value for the development of HCC: age 55 years or older, antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) positivity, prothrombin activity 75% or less, and platelet count less than 75 x 10(3)/mm(3). According to the contribution of each of these factors to the final model, a score ranging between 0 and 4.71 points was constructed to allow the division of patients into 2 different risk groups. The low-risk group included those with a score of 2.33 points or less (n = 270; 4 with HCC; cumulative incidence of HCC at 4 years, 2.3%), and the high-risk group included those with a score greater than 2.33 (n = 193; 34 with HCC; cumulative incidence of HCC at 4 years, 30.1%) (P =.0001). In conclusion, a simple score made up of 4 clinical and biological variables allowed us to distinguish 2 groups of cirrhotic patients at high and low risk for the development of HCC. We believe this score can be useful in establishing a subset of cirrhotic patients in whom a surveillance program for early detection of HCC could be unjustified.
Clearing up misunderstandings around core outcomes for atopic dermatitis
Authors: H.C. Williams, C. Apfelbacher, J.R. Chalmers, J. Schmitt, E.L. Simpson, P.I. Spuls, K.S. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

We thank Professor Taieb for his comments on the report of the Third International Consensus Meeting to Harmonise Core Outcome Measures for Atopic Eczema/Dermatitis Clinical Trials (HOME III) in the December 2014 issue of the BJD (1). He promulgates a number of misconceptions about our work which we wish to respond to. First, he suggests that the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) filter truth, discrimination and feasibility might not be applicable to outcome measurement instruments for atopic dermatitis (AD) (2). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Efficacy of Mibefradil Compared With Amlodipine in Suppressing Exercise-Induced and Daily Silent Ischemia
Authors: Dan Tzivoni, Honer Kadr, Simon Braat, Wolfgang Rutsch, José Antonio Ramires, Isaac Kobrin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Mibefradil is a new benzimidazolyl-substituted tetraline-derivative calcium antagonist. Its vasodilatory activity combined with an ability to lower heart rate without negative inotropic effects as well as its long duration of action make it a promising anti-ischemic agent. Methods and Results Three hundred nine patients with coronary artery disease, stable angina pectoris, and positive exercise tests were randomized to receive mibefradil (50, 100, or 150 mg), amlodipine (10 mg), or placebo. The anti-ischemic effects of mibefradil on exercise test and silent ischemia parameters were assessed. At doses of 100 and 150 mg, mibefradil increased exercise duration (by 55.5 and 51.0 seconds, respectively; P &lt;.001 for both), increased time to onset of angina (by 98.3 and 82.7 seconds, respectively; P &lt;.001), and increased time to 1-mm ST depression (by 81.7 and 94.3 seconds, respectively; P &lt;.001). By comparison, a 10 mg/d dose of amlodipine significantly improved only time to onset of angina (treatment effect: 38.5 seconds, P =.036). Mibefradil 100 mg and 150 mg decreased the number of episodes of silent ischemia (treatment effects: −3.1 and −3.6, respectively; P &lt;.001) and the duration of silent ischemia (treatment effects: −9.2 minutes, P =.048, and −14.6 minutes, P =.002, respectively). The decrease in the number of episodes of silent ischemia was also statistically significant in the group receiving 10 mg of amlodipine (−1.5; P =.036). Conclusions Once-daily doses of 100 and 150 mg mibefradil were effective in improving exercise tolerance and reducing ischemic episodes during ambulatory monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease.
Role of Tobacco Smoking in the Causation of Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Donald O. Anderson, Benjamin G. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN a study of chronic respiratory disease recently undertaken by us in the city of Berlin, New Hampshire,1 the prevalence of various forms of respiratory disease according to age, sex, current tobacco-smoking habits and lifetime cigarette consumption was determined. A questionnaire was administered in conjunction with simple tests of pulmonary ventilation to a probability sample of Berlin residents twenty-five to seventy-four years of age.This paper analyzes the relation between smoking and respiratory disease by examination of the extent of the increased rate of disease in smokers and the relation of disease to increasing use of cigarettes and lifetime exposure . . .
Arteriolar control of capillary cell flow in striated muscle.
Authors: T E Sweeney, I H Sarelius
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

This study tests the hypothesis that capillary perfusion is controlled in groups rather than at the level of the individual capillary. We measured cell flux (using cells labeled with substituted tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate, XRITC) and vessel diameter in adjoining arterioles of the terminal vasculature of hamster cremaster muscle (Nembutal, 70 mg/kg i.p.) during rest and hyperemia (10(-4) M adenosine). In terminal arterioles (TAs), 32 of 68 vessels showed cell flux increases from rest to hyperemia exceeding 25 times (i.e., 47% of TAs were relatively unperfused at rest). In vessels feeding TAs (TAFs), 33 of 95 (34%) were relatively unperfused at rest. Cell flux heterogeneity in TAFs decreased significantly by 27% from rest to hyperemia; the corresponding decrease (16%) in TAs was not significant. Thus, unperfused TAFs are present in a proportion which reflects capillary recruitment in hamster cremaster (Sarelius et al, Am J Physiol 1981;241:H317) while TAs are not, and TAFs independently modulate flow distribution distally while TAs do not. The data therefore support the conclusion that TAFs control cell flow in the distal microvasculature. Analysis of normalized ranked maximal diameters showed that TAFs unperfused at rest tend to be the smaller vessels at any tissue site.
Indian Medical Association wants off-label prescribing
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Indian Medical Association has sought legislative changes for doctors in India to be able to lawfully prescribe drugs for treatments other than those for which the drugs were initially approved, a demand some doctors have called “irresponsible” and “dangerous.”

In a policy statement submitted to the health ministry the association said doctors inIndia should be allowed to prescribe drugs for unapproved indications when there is scientific evidence and medical opinion to justify such “off-label” treatment.

“Doctors should have the right to provide patients the benefits associated with off-label use …
Hepatitis G virus co-infection in liver transplantation recipients with chronic hepatitis C and nonviral chronic liver disease
Authors: M W Fried, Y E Khudyakov, G A Smallwood, M Cong, B Nichols, E Diaz, P Siefert, K Gutekunst, R D Gordon, T D Boyer, H A Fields
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly described RNA virus that is parenterally transmitted and has been found frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. To determine the impact of hepatitis G virus co-infection on morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation, we measured HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in pre and posttransplantation sera from a cohort of patients transplanted for chronic hepatitis C and a control group of patients transplanted for nonviral causes who were negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum. The overall prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted patients with chronic hepatitis C was 20.7%. HGV infection was present before transplantation in 13% while it appeared to have been acquired at the time of transplantation in 7.4%. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic histological activity, and patient and graft survival were similar between HGV-positive and HGV-negative patients. The prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted controls was 64% (P &lt; .01) with a significantly higher rate of acquisition of HGV infection following transplantation (53%, P &lt; .001) when compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the control patients with HGV infection alone following transplantation than in patients co-infected with hepatitis C (37 ± 9 vs. 70 ± 33 U/L, P &lt; .01). Thus, HGV is frequently found in transplantation patients co-infected with hepatitis C although it appears to have minimal clinical impact. In patients transplanted for nonviral causes of end-stage liver disease, a high rate of hepatitis G acquisition at the time of transplantation may occur but does not appear to predispose to chronic hepatitis.
Scleromyxoedema (lichen myxoedematosus) associated with a paraprotein, IgG1 of type kappa
Authors: R.F.M. LAI A FAT, D. SUURMOND, J. RÁDL, R. FURTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case of scleromyxoedema (lichen myxoedematosus) associated with an IgG1, type kappa paraproteinaemia is reported.
Ectopic osteoinduction and early degradation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded porous β-tricalcium phosphate in mice
Authors: Ge Liang, Yunzhi Yang, Sunho Oh, Joo L Ong, Changqiong Zheng, Junguo Ran, Guangfu Yin, Dali Zhou
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Use of Hip Prosthesis in Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: J. George Furey
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A follow-up study of 90 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with intramedullary stem hip prostheses from 1954 through 1958 revealed that 74 patients had excellent or good results. From this experience it was felt that the use of a prosthesis in an acute femoral neck fracture is indicated in patients chronologically or physiologically over 70 years of age and in younger patients with severe physical or mental disability. Full weight-bearing was encouraged 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. This facilititates care in the hospital, shortens the period of hospitalization, and allows most patients practically to regain the prefracture state of activity in a much shorter time than do patients treated by hip nailing.
New medicine and new biology.
Authors: M Stoker
Journal: BMJ (1980)

1 Allison AC, McWhirter KG. Two unifactorial characters for which man is polymorphic. Nature 1956;178:748-9. 2 Wagner RP, Mitchell HK. Genetics and metabolism. 2nd ed. New York: J Wiley, 1964:594. 3 Kalow W. Pharmacogenetics. Heredity and response to drugs. Philadelphia, London: W B Saunders Co, 1962:133. 4 McKusick VA. Mendelian inheritance in man. 4th ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978:31. 5 Nencki M. Ueber das Vorkommen von Methylmercaptan im menschlichen Harn nach Spargelgenuss. Archiv f?r experimentalle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 1891 ;28:206-9. 6 White HR. Occurrence of S-methyl thioesters in urines of humans after they have eaten asparagus. Science 1975;189:810-1. 7 Gearhart HL, Pierce SK, Payne-Bose D. Volatile organic components in human urine after ingestion of asparagus. Clin Chem 1977^3:1941. 8 Amoore JE. Olfactory genetics and anosmia. In : Handbook of sensory physiology. Voliv, Chemical senses?pt 1. Berlin: Springer, 1971:245-56. 9 Amoore JE. Specific anosmia: a clue to the olfactory code. Nature 1967; 214:1095-8. 10 Mourant AE, Kopec AC, Domaniewska-Sobczak K. The genetics of the Jews. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978:1-114. 11 Goodman RM. Genetic disorders among the Jewish people. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979:1-493. 12 Henkin RI, Powell GF. Increased sensitivity of taste and smell in cystic fibrosis. Science 1962;138:1107-8. 13 Henkin RI, Bartter FC. Studies on olfactory thresholds in normal man and in patients with advanced adrenal cortical insufficiency. J Clin Invest 1966;45:1631-9. 14 Campanella G, Filia A, DeMichele G. Smell and taste acuity in epileptic syndromes. Eur Neurol 1978;17:136-41.
SPASMODIC FORCED RESPIRATION AS A SEQUEL OF EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: IRVING H. PARDEE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The protean character of the sequelae of epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis has come to be well recognized as evidence of its involvement of almost any part of the brain or spinal cord. Its syndromes are legion, and it bids fair to rival neurosyphilis as a waste basket for the vagaries of neurologic diagnosis. During the last year, certain disturbances of the respiratory mechanism have come under my observation as a sequel to epidemic encephalitis, which have resulted clinically in disorders of breathing of a very bizarre nature. In each instance, the symptoms have conformed to the same general pattern, but there has been a different coloring as far as the individual respiratory difficulty was concerned. We are all familiar with the dyspnea that accompanies respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, the toxemias and the well known Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Quite different in all their characteristics are those disorders of respiration to which encephalitis has given rise. These are more in the realm of disturbances of rhythm and amplitude than of rate, though tachyrespiria is also present. The literature on this disease contains no histories of cases similar to those reported here, though several writers mention respiratory syndromes following encephalitis. Aronson 1 reports the case of a young child who developed a persistent rapid respiration, about 45 a minute, accompanied by certain character and psychic changes. Grossman2 mentions in his review of the sequelae that three patients complained of difficulty in breathing without any pathologic con¬ dition in the lungs. Hoover 3 reports an unusual case of inspiratory dyspnea due to paralysis of the dilators of the nares, which was relieved by raising the nares. Barker4 says that peculiar disturbances, such as t.ichypnea, irregular respiration and paroxysms of deep breathing, are seen, and specifically notes one of these cases which was accompanied by a tetanic attack. This peculiar respiratory disorder varies consider¬ ably as to its time of onset, following the acute disease 1. Aronson, L. S.: Encephalitis with Unusual Sequelae, Neurol.
Substernal epicardial echocardiography may be a critical diagnostic tool in the postoperative cardiac surgery patient
Authors: Harmony R. Reynolds, Robert M. Applebaum, Daniel M. Spevack, Alan Shah, Eileen P. McAleer, Ambika C. Nayar, Paul A. Tunick, Angelo LaPietra, Sandeep Patel, Costas S. Bizekis, Michael G. Wood, Eugene A. Grossi, Greg H. Ribakove, Stephen B. Colvin, Itzhak Kronzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Assessment of lifestyle effects on the overall antioxidant capacity of healthy subjects.
Authors: Jean-François Lesgards, Philippe Durand, Magali Lassarre, Pierre Stocker, Guy Lesgards, André Lanteaume, Michel Prost, Marie-Pascale Lehucher-Michel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Oxidative damage is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Using a biologic test based on whole blood resistance to free-radical aggression, we sought to evaluate lifestyle factors that may contribute to the normal variability of the overall antioxidant status. We assessed this global antiradical defense capacity in 88 men and 96 women in relation to information on lifestyle obtained by questionnaire. In our relatively young, healthy population, we found a weak negative relation between male sex or aging and the resistance to oxidant stress. Among the factors studied, nonsmoking, vitamin and/or mineral supplementation, and regular physical activity were closely associated with an increased overall antioxidant capacity. Conversely, the antioxidant potential was negatively related to tobacco smoking; psychologic stress; alcohol consumption; moderate vegetable, low fruit, and low fish consumption; and, to a lesser extent, high natural ultraviolet light exposure. Thus, we were able to determine "unhealthy" and "healthy" lifestyle patterns that truly contributed to the variation of individual antioxidant capacity. We conclude that lifestyle determinants of cancer and cardiovascular risks were associated with a decreased overall antioxidant status as dynamically measured by means of a biologic test. Thus, the evaluation of the total human resistance against free-radical aggression, taking into account nutritional habits, lifestyle, and environmental factors, may be useful in preventive medicine as a precocious diagnosis to identify healthy subjects who are at risk for free-radical-mediated diseases.
933-94 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensives is Associated with an Increased QT Dispersion
Authors: Jamil Mayet, Manjit Shahi, Katherine McGrath, Neil R. Poulter, Peter S. Sever, Simon A. McG. Thom, Rodney A. Foale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Are Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Benign Conditions?
Authors: Caroline K. Kramer, Bernard Zinman, Ravi Retnakaran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: Recent interest has focused on a unique subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who have normal metabolic features despite increased adiposity. Normal-weight individuals with adverse metabolic status have also been described. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic phenotype modifies the morbidity and mortality associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Purpose: To determine the effect of metabolic status on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in normal-weight, overweight, and obese persons. Data Sources: Studies were identified from electronic databases. Study Selection: Included studies evaluated all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events (or both) and clinical characteristics of 6 patient groups defined by BMI category (normal weight/overweight/obesity) and metabolic status (healthy/unhealthy), as defined by the presence or absence of components of the metabolic syndrome by Adult Treatment Panel III or International Diabetes Federation criteria. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Metabolically healthy people of normal weight made up the reference group. Data Synthesis: Eight studies (n = 61 386; 3988 events) evaluated participants for all-cause mortality and/or cardiovascular events. Metabolically healthy obese individuals (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.55) had increased risk for events compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals when only studies with 10 or more years of follow-up were considered. All metabolically unhealthy groups had a similarly elevated risk: normal weight (RR, 3.14; CI, 2.36 to 3.93), overweight (RR, 2.70; CI, 2.08 to 3.30), and obese (RR, 2.65; CI, 2.18 to 3.12). Limitation: Duration of exposure to the metabolic–BMI phenotypes was not described in the studies and could partially affect the estimates. Conclusion: Compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals, obese persons are at increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes even in the absence of metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that there is no healthy pattern of increased weight. Primary Funding Source: Intramural funds from the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes.
"A Pretty Ghastly, Awful Picture"
Authors: A. A. McInnes
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Stiff-man syndrome (SMS) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive rigidity, stiffness, and spasms of axial and extremity muscles. The etiology of SMS is unknown, but evidence suggests a possible autoimmune basis. The recent successful use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating various autoimmune neuromuscular disorders led us to try IVIG in an uncontrolled pilot study on three patients. All three showed subjective and objective improvement.
938-56 Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography: What is the Meaning of Regional Perfusion Abnormalities After Release of Temporary Coronary Occlusions?
Authors: Mario F. Meza, Marc A. Kates, Susan Revall, R. Wayne Barbee, Joseph P. Murgo, Jorge Cheirif
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Failure to Recover to Baseline Pulmonary Function after Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation
Authors: Don B. Sanders, Rachel C. L. Bittner, Margaret Rosenfeld, Lucas R. Hoffman, Gregory J. Redding, Christopher H. Goss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Patients with cystic fibrosis periodically experience pulmonary exacerbations. Previous studies have noted that some patients' lung function (FEV(1)) does not improve with treatment.To determine the proportion of patients treated for a pulmonary exacerbation that does not recover to spirometric baseline, and to identify factors associated with the failure to recover to spirometric baseline.Cohort study using the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003-2006. We randomly selected one pulmonary exacerbation treated with intravenous antibiotics per patient and compared the best FEV(1) in the 3 months after treatment with the best FEV(1) in the 6 months before treatment. Recovery to baseline was defined as any FEV(1) in the 3 months after treatment that was greater than or equal to 90% of the baseline FEV(1). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations with the failure to recover to baseline FEV(1).Of 8,479 pulmonary exacerbations, 25% failed to recover to baseline FEV(1). A higher risk of failing to recover to baseline was associated with female sex; pancreatic insufficiency; being undernourished; Medicaid insurance; persistent infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; a longer time since baseline spirometric assessment; and a larger drop in FEV(1) from baseline to treatment initiation.For a randomly selected pulmonary exacerbation, 25% of patients' pulmonary function did not recover to baseline after treatment with intravenous antibiotics. We identified factors associated with the failure to recover to baseline, allowing clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and more aggressive treatment.