tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Opposing chemokine gradients control human thymocyte migration in situ
Authors: Joanna Halkias, Heather J. Melichar, Kayleigh T. Taylor, Jenny O. Ross, Bonnie Yen, Samantha B. Cooper, Astar Winoto, Ellen A. Robey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The ordered migration of thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla is critical for the appropriate selection of the mature T cell repertoire. Most studies of thymocyte migration rely on mouse models, but we know relatively little about how human thymocytes find their appropriate anatomical niches within the thymus. Moreover, the signals that retain CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes in the cortex and prevent them from entering the medulla prior to positive selection have not been identified in mice or humans. Here, we examined the intrathymic migration of human thymocytes in both mouse and human thymic stroma and found that human thymocyte subsets localized appropriately to the cortex on mouse thymic stroma and that MHC-dependent interactions between human thymocytes and mouse stroma could maintain the activation and motility of DP cells. We also showed that CXCR4 was required to retain human DP thymocytes in the cortex, whereas CCR7 promoted migration of mature human thymocytes to the medulla. Thus, 2 opposing chemokine gradients control the migration of thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla. These findings point to significant interspecies conservation in thymocyte-stroma interactions and provide the first evidence that chemokines not only attract mature thymocytes to the medulla, but also play an active role in retaining DP thymocytes in the cortex prior to positive selection.
High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case for Early Chemotherapy
Authors: Martin Gleave, W. Kevin Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

High-risk tumors exhibit a more aggressive natural history and have higher positive margin and recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy alone, where unimodality therapy likely represents undertreatment. Hence, the therapeutic ratio (patients who actually realize a survival benefit from a therapeutic intervention) may, therefore, be greater in high-risk disease if its natural history can be altered by multimodality therapy. It is, thus, important to investigate therapies that optimize complete extirpation of all cancer cells and reduce the incidence of positive surgical margins and disease recurrence. Neoadjuvant therapy extends the logic of early adjuvant therapy further by applying systemic therapy earlier in the course of the disease before definitive locoregional therapy. In prostate cancer, outcomes have not been improved significantly when neoadjuvant hormone therapy is used before surgery; although outcomes are improved when androgen ablation is combined with radiotherapy, many patients remain at risk for systemic recurrence. With recent data confirming improved survival data with docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic disease, future trials are now focusing on earlier combinations of chemohormonal or biologic therapies in high-risk patients.
Routine replacement of central venous catheters: telephone survey of intensive care units in mainland Britain
Authors: A M Cyna, J L Hovenden, A Lehmann, K Rajaseker, P Kalia
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Randomised design: 7 points; randomisation procedure described and adequate: 4 points; randomisation procedure inappropriate: -3 points C Comparability of groups Groups comparable for duration of disease, age, sex, treatment, comorbidity, coping behaviour, social economic status, social network and baseline outcome measure: 1 point per item D Drop out handling Drop outs < 10%, < 30%, < 50%: 3 points, 2 points, and 1 point respectively.Number of drop outs is presented for every group: 1 point.Reasons for drop out are mentioned: 2 points E Number of patients included Smallest group after inclusion contained > 25 patients: 6 points; > 50 patients: 9 points; > 75 patients: 15 points F Description of interventions and standard care Participants in the intervention or standard care programme are described: 3 points per description.Intervention programme or standard care programme is described adequately so that others can replicate it: 4 points per description; programme is described partially: 2 points per partial description; site of intervention mentioned: 1 point
Subtalar dislocation in a handball player.
Authors: K Bak, J S Koch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Subtalar dislocation is an uncommon injury1-5* Associated fractures involving the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints are often present.The mechanism of injury is usually a motor vehicle accident, a fall from a height or an inversion stress to the foot6 Medial dislocation is by far the commonest yp23,6, 7 j;!ii
Inputs into Coronary Care During 30 Years
Authors: Martin Sp, Donaldson Mc, London Cd, Peterson Ol, Colton T
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A retrospective study over a 30-year interval measured changing patterns of inputs into the care of patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction. There was a dramatic increase in frequency of chemical laboratory tests, roentgenograms, and bacteriological examinations. These quantities had both statistically significant linear and quadratic regression components, indicating an accelerated increase over time. There has been a linear increase in electrocardiograms, sedative medication, and days of oxygen therapy. With these changes in input, there have been no significant changes in the duration of hospitalization or in-hospital mortality.
Abstract P4-08-02: Reactivation of oncogenic signaling through mTOR inhibitors-induced feedback adaptations.
Authors: V Rodrik-Outmezguine, S Chandarlapaty, P Poulikakos, M Scaltriti, J Baselga, N Rosen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract mTORC1 inhibitors (or rapalogs) relieve feedback inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cause mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of AKT S473 and activation of AKT kinase and signaling. The relief of feedback inhibition of mTORC2/AKT signaling has been shown to abolish the antitumor activity of rapalogs and has often been proposed as a potential mechanism of resistance to these compounds. mTOR kinase inhibitors that inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes have now been developed to circumvent these problems. mTOR kinase inhibitors block mTORC1 and mTORC2 and thus, do not cause the mTORC2 activation of AKT observed with rapamycin. We now show, however, that these novel classes of drugs have a biphasic effect on AKT. Inhibition of mTORC2 leads to AKT S473 dephosphorylation and a rapid but transient inhibition of AKT T308 phosphorylation and AKT signaling. However, inhibition of mTOR kinase, as observed with rapalogs, also relieves feedback inhibition of RTKs leading to subsequent PI3K activation and rephosphorylation of AKT but only at T308, which is sufficient to reactivate AKT activity and signaling. Thus, catalytic inhibition of mTOR kinase leads to a new steady state characterized by profound inhibition of mTORC1 and accumulation of activated AKT phosphorylated on T308 but not S473. We now confirm that the reactivation of AKT signaling is a mechanism of acquired resistance to rapalogs. We observe an induction of phospho-RTKs in rapamycin-resistant cells leading to both AKT and ERK signaling pathway activation enhancing cell survival. Combined inhibition of mTOR and the induced RTKs can prevent AKT reactivation and fully abolishes AKT signaling. These results reveal the adaptive capabilities of oncogenic signaling networks, highlighting the possible need for combinatorial approaches to block feedback-regulated pathways. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-02.
Ultrastructural identification of light microscopic giant mitochondria in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Takao Inagaki, Susumu Kobayashi, Norio Ozeki, Masahiro Suzuki, Yoshitaka Fukuzawa, Kazuhito Shimizu, Katsuhisa Kato, Katsumi Kato
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Ultrastructural identification of light microscopic giant mitochondria was performed on the same specimens for light and electron microscopic observations. The liver tissue specimens were fixed in OsO 4 , embedded in epoxy resin, cut 4 μm thick and stained with polychrome. At the beginning of the study a light microscopic observation was made, and a microphotograph was taken. The identification of light microscopic giant mitochondria by conventional microscopy was identified by the occupation rate in liver cells, the negative findings of stainability and the morphological consistency (round, cigar-shaped and granular). The specimens were subsequently embedded again in epoxy resin and cut into ultrathin sections of 400 Å. A transillumination electron microscope was used for the observation, and ultrastructural images of light microscopic giant mitochondria revealed that they were crystalloid bodies with a crystalline latticelike structure. The occupation rates within liver cells and the morphological shapes of the crystalloid bodies corresponded with those of light microscopic giant mitochondria. The light microscopic giant mitochondria obviously had different features from those of electron microscopic giant mitochondria and Mallory bodies (Yokoo’s type II), although Mallory bodies showed the same staining properties as light microscopic giant mitochondria. (Hepatology 1992; 15:46-53).
Amplified env and gag products on AKR cells. Origin from different murine leukemia virus genomes.
Authors: J S Tung, E Fleissner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Thymocytes of AKR mice express two species of gp70, the envelope glycoprotein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV), encoded by the env gene. One is denoted Ec+ gp70 in reference to the type-antigen Ec and association with ecotropic virus. The other, Ec- gp70, resembles gp70 found also on thymocytes of mouse strains that are not overt producers of MuLV, and has no evident relation to ecotropic virus. Expression of Ec- gp70 type, but not of Ec+ gp70 type, is amplified with age on AKR thymocytes. In contrast, viral core polyproteins, encoded by the gag gene and simultaneously amplified with age, appear to be related to ecotropic virus. These observations imply selective amplification of products of env and gag genes from two sorts of provirus, a phenomenon which may be connected to the dual genetic origin of recombinant mink-cell-focus inducing viruses in AKR mice.
Bone Marrow Biopsy in Hodgkin's Disease and Other Neoplastic Diseases
Authors: Tin Han
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The larger bone marrow specimens obtained by the Jensen-Westerman needle are superior to those obtained by the Vim-Silverman needle. Such biopsy techniques are essential for recognition of marrow invasion of Hodgkin's disease; positive results are correlated with late anatomical stage, particularly in those with systemic symptoms. Biopsy is of occasional value in recognition of marrow invasion by myeloma and carcinoma. It may show evidence of adequate marrow cellularity in some patients with repeated hypocellular aspirates.
EFFECT OF INFLUENZA VIRUS ON CILIA AND EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE BRONCHI OF MICE
Authors: Carl G. Harford, Alice Hamlin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

In order to determine the effect of infection with influenza virus on bronchial cilia of the mouse, ciliary beat has been visualized directly by microscopic examination of the bronchi in slices of fresh lung. Cilia have been shown also in sections of fixed tissue by the use of special silver staining methods. The results have shown persistence of the cilia in spite of severe viral infection and indicate that the lowered resistance to secondary pneumococcal infection which occurs in influenzal pneumonia of the mouse is not due to interference with the ciliary mechanism. By a process of exclusion, the findings give further support to the theory that lowered resistance to pneumococcal infection in influenzal pneumonia is due to edema fluid in the viral lesion furnishing a culture medium for inhaled pneumococci. A widely used method for evaluation of ciliary activity on respiratory epithelia has been the microscopic observation of wave-like movements in reflected light. This activity was observed readily in the bronchi of mice but evidence was obtained showing that at this site it was due to something other than ciliary beat. Further histopathologic observations were made in order to define the lesion of the bronchial epithelium that would permit sparing of ciliated cells. In addition to usual techniques, mice were injected with colchicine for estimation of the rate of cellular proliferation and were exposed to a large dose of roentgen rays to eliminate polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Stains for mucous and for mitochondria were done also. The evidence obtained favors the theory that the viral infection does not destroy any of the cells of the bronchial epithelium. Inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm, making it seem likely instead that viral particles grow in colony-like aggregations and that liberation of virus into the lumen takes place not only by simple extrusion of inclusions but also by detachment of inclusion-laden globular portions of the cytoplasm.
Women Have Fewer Mammograms Than They Report
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal timing of operation for bleeding peptic ulcer: prospective randomised trial.
Authors: D L Morris, P C Hawker, S Brearley, M Simms, P W Dykes, M R Keighley
Journal: BMJ (1984)

From October 1980 to September 1983 all patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were admitted to a centralised unit and investigated by early endoscopy. A total of 142 patients with a proved duodenal or gastric ulcer were randomised after stratification for age and site of ulcer to early (aggressive) surgical management or a delayed (conservative) policy. Significantly more operations (n = 42; 60%) were performed in the early than in the delayed (n = 9; 20%) groups (p less than 0.01). There were no deaths among the 42 patients under 60. The overall mortality in the 100 patients aged over 60 was 10% and when analysed on an "intention to treat" basis there was no difference between early and delayed surgery. When, however, an unrelated death from a bleeding colonic polyp was excluded and the data analysed on "treatment received" the mortality was only 2% in the early group compared with 13% in the delayed group (p less than 0.05). When analysis was confined to gastric ulcer the difference between early (0%) and delayed (24%) treatment was even greater. The results of this trial indicate that for patients over 60 an aggressive surgical policy is associated with a significant reduction in mortality.
Abstract 325: TDP-43 promotes glioblalstoma cell survival under nutrient deprivation condition via activating autophagy
Authors: Yun-Ching Chang, Tzu-Wei Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. TDP-43 (TARDBP), a DNA and RNA binding protein, is well known to play a key role in RNA processing, including involving in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Recent reports suggested that TDP-43 may participate to the regulation of metabolic glycolysis in cancer. Overcoming metabolic stress is critical for cancer cell survival and growth in nutrient deprivation condition. Herein we found TDP-43 overexpression promotes glioblastoma cell survival and suppressed the activated-form levels of caspase 3 protein under nutrient deprivation. Overexpression of TDP-43 increased the tumorigenicity as determined by anchorage-independent growth assay and xenografts in immunocompromised mice model. Under nutrient deprivation, we also found that TDP-43-overexpression induced autophagy. By this study, we presume TDP-43 enhanced GBM cells tumorigincity, activated autophagy and inhibited cell death under nutrient deprivation condition. TDP-43 is potentially the new aspects for understanding the tumorigenicity and metablolic regulation for malignant brain tumors and GBM. Citation Format: Yun-Ching Chang, Tzu-Wei Lin. TDP-43 promotes glioblalstoma cell survival under nutrient deprivation condition via activating autophagy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-325
A CASE OF ISOLATED PALSY OF THE EIGHT EXTERNAL RECTUS.
Authors: E. N. LAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. J. R., a house-wife, aged 25. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Her father died at about fifty years of age of some acute illness; her mother is living and well, and is about 56 years old; two brothers and one sister are living and well. There is no hereditary taint. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —The patient had cervical adenitis when a child, the glands broke down and opened spontaneously, and healed with considerable scarring, but quite promptly. She has had what she describes as "sick headaches" all her life. The pain is of sudden onset, is neuralgic in character, located over the left temple, left side of forehead and extending through the left eye and ear; the teeth and face are not involved. The attacks come on irregularly every two or three weeks and last from one to three days. During one of these seizures the patient is completely prostrated, is weak, dizzy
Gluten sensitivity masquerading as systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: M Hadjivassiliou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Three patients are described whose original presentation and immunological profile led to the erroneous diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The correct diagnosis of gluten sensitivity was made after years of treatment with steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs.The immunological profile of IgA deficiency and/or raised double stranded DNA in the absence of antinuclear factor together with raised inflammatory markers and symptoms suggestive of an immune diathesis should alert the physician to the possibility of gluten sensitivity. The presence of an enteropathy is no longer a prerequisite for the diagnosis of gluten sensitivity, which can solely present with extraintestinal symptoms and signs. Knowledge of the diverse manifestations of gluten sensitivity is essential in avoiding such misdiagnosis.
Effectiveness of a prehospital medical control system: an analysis of the interaction between emergency room physician and paramedic.
Authors: M W Pozen, R B D'Agostino, P A Sytkowski, R J Schneider, M M Berezin, L H Bremer, R J Riggen
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Medical control for paramedics by means of radio and ECG telemetry is costly, time consuming, and of unproved value. We assessed the interaction between emergency room physicians and paramedics during ambulance transport of "seriously ill" cardiac patients (cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, or new onset of crescendo angina pectoris) with paramedics in service. Thirty-five percent of all arrhythmias and 35% of potentially life-threatening arrhythmias were misclassified. Correct treatment was rendered in 74% of the cases, although only 65% were correctly diagnosed (p &lt; 0.01). The principal predictive variable for misdiagnosing or incorrectly treating a patient was the presence of a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia, precisely the condition for which medical control and the paramedic system has the most to offer. Only 39% of patients with life-threatening arrhythmias were correctly diagnosed and correctly treated, whereas 64% of patients without life-threatening arrhythmias were correctly diagnosed and correctly treated (p &lt; 0.001). Mortality reflected correct diagnosis and treatment. In-hospital and overall mortalities were 12% and 33%, respectively, for patients who were correctly diagnosed and treated (p &lt; 0.06), compared with 20% and 43%, respectively, for patients who were incorrectly diagnosed or incorrectly treated (p &lt; 0.04). More rigorous medical control is needed to improve the quality of patient care and outcome and to further integrate the advanced life support program into the health care system.
Trifluoperazine for The "Trailing" Phenomenon
Authors: John E. O'Malley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Clinicians familiar with the lore of LSD users have become acquainted with a phenomenon known as "trailing." This is a perceptual abnormality in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous images, reminiscent of a stroboscopic photograph with multiple exposures. As an entity in the spectrum of long-lasting LSD effects, it may be useful in the understanding of neurochemical mechanisms.<sup>1</sup> Little is known of the natural history of those phenomena grouped together and unfortunately named "flashbacks." Clinicians may know of many anecdotes, but few systematic studies have been done. Credibility of illicit drug users is dubious. Follow-up and experimentation are difficult. The chemical components of illicit LSD are uncertain. Such events may occur over a period of months, usually after multiple ingestions of LSD.<sup>2</sup>They are characterized by involuntary or semivoluntary spontaneous recurrence of illusions and visual hallucinations similar to those
Oncogenes: new evidence on link to cancer
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

It's been nearly 75 years since C. Ellerman and O. Bang (1908) and, subsequently, Peyton Rous, MD (<i>JAMA</i>1911;56:198), discovered that certain viruses cause cancer in animals, giving rise to the idea that this must also be true for some human cancers. But despite the dedication of many scientific careers to this possibility, only a few viruses have been correlated with human cancers (Epstein-Barr virus associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and hepatitis B virus associated with hepatic cancer, for example), and whether these viruses actually cause the cancers remains unclear. The continuing lack of evidence for the role of viruses in human cancer dampened what had once been great interest in the area for a time. Recently, however, the field has undergone a revival with the observation that genes within the chromosomes of all humans are very similar to those of certain viruses that cause cancer in other species—the so-called oncogene