tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The estimated frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in young adults with cerebrovascular events: a systematic review
Authors: Savino Sciascia, Giovanni Sanna, Munther A Khamashta, Maria Jose Cuadrado, Doruk Erkan, Laura Andreoli, Maria Laura Bertolaccini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Around 10% of all thrombotic cerebrovascular events (CVE) occur in young population and in a large proportion of those the trigger remains undetermined. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are recognised risk factors for ischaemic stroke and recurrent thrombotic events; however, the frequency of aPL in young people with CVE is still an unresolved issue. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the frequency of aPL in young adults with CVE and to determine whether aPL-positive young individuals are at greater risk of CVE when compared with individuals without aPL by systematically reviewing the literature. <h3>Methods</h3> Medline reports published between 1970 and 2013 investigating the presence of aPL in young patients (&lt;50 years old) with CVE were included. The median frequency for positive aPL, including lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and antibodies against β2Glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI), was calculated for stroke and transient ischaemic attacks. <h3>Findings</h3> This systematic review is based on available data from 5217 patients and controls from 43 studies analysing the frequency of aPL in young patients with CVE. The overall aPL frequency was estimated as 17.4% (range 5%–56%) for any CVE, 17.2% (range 2%–56%) for stroke and 11.7% (range 2%–45%) for transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The presence of aPL increased the risk for CVE by 5.48-fold (95% CI 4.42 to 6.79). Based on available data, the frequency of aPL in young patients with CVE can be estimated at 17%, rising up to 22% for aCL in patients with stroke. The presence of aPL seems to confer a fivefold higher risk for stroke or TIA when compared with controls. However, variability in test reproducibility and cut-off definition still represent an important methodological limitation for the current diagnostic testing for aPL. These observations should be confirmed by appropriately designed population studies.
Case of Warty Excrescence Near the Verge of the Anus
Authors: E. Daniell
Journal: BMJ (1844)

CASE, OF STEATOMA.oan Ae dura.matercompletely gorged with very dark treely blood; the sinuses were also gorged; the sub- state of the brain and cerebellum was healthy; no extr fluid in the ventricles.On laying open the thorax we foid the right lung with the exception of a portion tb&sir of the palm of a small hand, completely hepa-
Update on the European Respiratory Review
Authors: M. Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Background/Aim: In the age of ever-increasing developments in targeted cancer treatments, new immune-based approaches for brain tumor therapy represent an attractive avenue. Despite encouraging pre-clinical data, results in patients have been sub-optimal, likely due to tumor-induced immune suppression and intrinsic resistance to immune attack. Chemotherapy and biologic agents may be able to disrupt these mechanisms and restore tumor sensitivity to immune attack. In this study, we explore whether a combination of gemcitabine and rapamycin can sensitize medulloblastoma cells to immunotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: With the commercial medulloblastoma cell line, Daoy, we explored the concentrations of combinations of Gemcitabine with rapamycin needed to induce cytotoxicity. Next, we used flow cytometry to assess the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy-treated Daoy cells with the addition of anti-tumor T-cells, generated from naive T-cells stimulated in the presence of Daoy lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Then, we examined the efficacy of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in tumor growth inhibition of subcutaneous medulloblastoma xenografts. Results: Rapamycin alone at &lt;1,000 nM had moderate activity against Daoy cells in vitro and IC<sub>50</sub> was &gt;1,000 nM. Gemcitabine had a 3-day IC<sub>50</sub> alone of 10 nM but in combination with 100 nM rapamycin, it decreased to 1 nM, suggesting increased cytotoxicity with combined therapy. Stimulated T-cells mediated in-vitro cytotoxicity, although background cytotoxicity of unstimulated “naïve” T-cells was also significant. Finally, established subcutaneous Daoy cell xenografts in SCID mice were treated with chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus adoptive immunotherapy (stimulated and non-stimulated). Gemcitabine and rapamycin alone significantly slowed tumor growth, but the addition of immunotherapy further augmented inhibition. Conclusion: Combining immunotherapy and chemo-biologic therapy inhibit medulloblastoma cell and xenograft growth, and may offer an effective treatment for patients with medulloblastoma.
The neurobiology of receptive-expressive language interdependence
Authors: Anthony Steven Dick, Michael Andric
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract With a focus on receptive language, we examine the neurobiological evidence for the interdependence of receptive and expressive language processes. While we agree that there is compelling evidence for such interdependence, we suggest that Pickering &amp; Garrod's (P&amp;G's) account would be enhanced by considering more-specific situations in which their model does, and does not, apply.
Training local researchers in poor countries is the best way to improve health worldwide
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Training young researchers in low income countries and linking them to the global medical, scientific, and public health community is the best way for wealthy countries to invest in global health, said health policy experts at a recent meeting in Washington, DC.

The meeting on the “role of science in advancing global health diplomacy,” held at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, warned that money given for development aid is not being used well because too little attention is being paid to ensuring that effective interventions are implemented on the ground.

“Our systems for delivery have been built as badly as we …
Genetics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex: The Final Act
Authors: J. Klein, F. Figueroa, Z. A. Nagy
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1983)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Individual-patient meta-analysis: Daily aspirin reduces risk for incident cancer with distant metastasis
Authors: Andrew K. Diehl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Price JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on risk of cancer metastasis: a study of incident cancers during randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2012;379:1591-601. 22440947
Abstract 4907: Upregulation of furin is associated with the invasiveness of cumulatively irradiated cancer cells
Authors: Myungjin Lee, Changhwan Rhu, Seong Who Kim, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Furin, a subtilisin/kesin-like proprotein convertase (PC), activates membrane-bound MT1-MMP, which facilitates pro-gelatinase A (MMP2). These activated MT1-MMP and MMP2 are involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In this study, we investigate the contribution of MMP2 activated by furin to cellular invasiveness of cumulatively irradiated cells. Using previously established AMC-HN3 and AMC-HN8 cell line from laryngeal carcinoma patient, we have generated isogenic model of cumulatively irradiated AMC-HN3R and AMC-HN8R cell line, respectively. AMC-HN3R cells were increased furin expression with upregulation of MT1-MMP/MMP2 and their invasiveness by two fold (p &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to AMC-HN3, while AMC-HN8R cells had no differences compared to AMC-HN8. In case of AMC-HN3R, inhibition of furin activity with the synthetic inhibitor decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethyl-keton, CMK, showed a significant decrease of MT1-MMP/MMP2 and in vitro cellular invasiveness. Tumors obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of AMC-HN3R cells were larger, developed earlier and increased more furin than the tumor of parent cells, AMC-HN3. Although AMC-HN3R and AMC-HN8R cells identically undergo EMT, inhibition of furin activity decreases activated MMP2 and invasive potential of HN3R cell line unlike HN8R cell line, suggesting that furin is a potentially useful target for therapeutics. Citation Format: Myungjin Lee, Changhwan Rhu, Seong Who Kim, Sang Yoon Kim. Upregulation of furin is associated with the invasiveness of cumulatively irradiated cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4907. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4907
Hemoglobin Carbamylation in Uremia
Authors: Rudolf Flückiger, William Harmon, Werner Meier, Sherry Loo, Kenneth H. Gabbay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

CHROMATOGRAPHY of hemolysates of red cells resolves four minor hemoglobin components from the main hemoglobin A (HbA) fraction. These minor components — HbA1a1, HbA1a2, HbAlb, and HbA1c — collectively referred to as the HbA1 fraction, make up approximately 7 per cent of total hemoglobin in normal subjects and result mainly from the post-translational, nonenzymatic glycosylation of HbA.1 In HbAlc, the most abundant of the glycosylated hemoglobins, glucose is attached to the N-terminal amino group of the β chains by a stable ketoamine linkage; HbA1c is present in increased amounts . . .
'Treat Systems, Not Errors,' Experts Say
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

BETSY LEHMAN did not die in vain. The death in March 1995 of the respected<i>Boston Globe</i>medical reporter of a cancer chemotherapy overdose at the renowned Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass, sent shock waves through the medical community. "That such a thing could happen at such a famous and well-regarded institution seemed incredible," says Lucian Leape, MD, adjunct professor of health policy at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston and an expert in medical errors. But Lehman's death was followed by a spate of highly publicized errors, including the amputation in Tampa, Fla, of a patient's healthy leg. Speaking last month in Rancho Mirage, Calif, before a national meeting convened to seek ways to reduce medical errors, Leape said Lehman's death, more than any other single event, has galvanized the movement toward improved error reduction. "Our meeting here is proof that she did not die in vain." <h3>Extent</h3>
Mediation of Cytotoxic Effects of Streptococcal M Protein by Nontype-Specific Antibody in Human Sera
Authors: Edwin H. Beachey, Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The cytotoxic moiety(ies) in highly purified streptococcal M protein has been shown to be distinct from the type-specific M determinant. This nontype-specific M-associated determinant(s) (NTSM) causes humoral and cellular immunotoxic responses in man. NTSM is common to M protein prepared from all streptococcal serotypes studied so far. In this study, immunoabsorbents prepared by entrapping purified M proteins in polyacrylamide gel were employed to identify, separate, and purify antibodies directed against NTSM as well as against the type-specific M (TSM) determinants.
Immunological reason for chronic ill health after infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: T J Hamblin, J Hussain, A N Akbar, Y C Tang, J L Smith, D B Jones
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a group of patients who suffered from chronic ill health after an attack of acute infectious mononucleosis a disorder of T cell regulation was found. By means of cytochemical reactions the staining pattern associated with T suppressor cells was found in a greater percentage and that associated with T helper cells in a smaller percentage than in normal subjects. In a few patients this finding was confirmed in a functional suppressor assay. The patients were unwell for at least a year but most later made a complete recovery, which was associated with return to normal of the lymphocyte subsets.
<i>Couple</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibodies to Bovine Serum Albumin in Brazilian Children and Young Adults With IDDM
Authors: Victor C Pardini, José G H Vieira, Walkíria Miranda, Sandra Roberta G Ferreira, Gilberto Velho, Ewaldo M K Russo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of IgG antibodies to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a cohort of Brazilian children and young adults with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sera from 81 subjects with &amp;lt; 1 year of IDDM (group 1), III subjects with &amp;gt; 1 year of IDDM (group 2), and 207 normoglycemic subjects were tested using an immunofluorimetric assay. A receiver-operating-characteristic curve was used to establish the threshold of anti-BSA antibody titers defining the positivity of the assay. RESULTS The distribution of the fluorimetric index (FI) of anti-BSA antibodies did not have a gaussian profile. Rank sum of FI was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Average logFI values of both IDDM groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.005 for both groups). There was a trend toward higher FI levels in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.06). A FI cutoff of 0.7 optimized the ratio of true-positive to false-positive of the assay, with the best equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity. The prevalence of anti-BSA antibodies was 52% in group 1, 47% in group 2, and 28% in the control group (P = 0.0001). An independent association between anti-BSA antibodies and IDDM, with an odds ratio of 3.03 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), was observed in a logistic regression analysis. However anti-BSA antibodies explained only 5% of the variability of IDDM versus NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that the prevalence of anti-BSA antibodies is higher in IDDM subjects than in control subjects, even after 1 year of diabetes. However, a large overlap of antibody titers is observed in patients and control subjects, suggesting that anti-BSA antibodies are neither sensitive nor specific markers of IDDM.
Lichenoid eruption associated with ethambutol
Authors: Marc E Grossman, Kelly Warren, Attila Mady, Karin H Satra
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

8. Gibson LE, Muller SA, Leiferman KM, et al. Follicular mucinosis: clinical and histopathologic study. J AM ACAD DE%MATOL 1989;20:441-6. 9. Mehregan AD, Gibson EL, Muller AS. Follicular mucinosis: histopathologic review of 33 cases. Mayo Clin Pmc 1991; 66:387-90. 10. Rongioletti F, Rebora A. Les mucinoses cutankes. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:7S-87. 11. HaberH.Follicularmucinosis.BrJDermatol1961;73:31322. 12. Sabourin JC, Wechsler J, Bagot M, et al. La mucinose folliculaire: entiti dermatologique frkquemment associke Bun lymphome T. Ann Path01 1993;13:29-31. 13. Ramsay DA, Smith WJ, Isaacson GP. T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Path01 1988;12:433-43. 14. Ramon D, Jorda E, Molina I. Follicular mucinosis and Hodgkin’s disease. Iot J Dermatol 1992;31:791-2. 15. Derancourt C, Blanc D, Agache P. Follicular mucinosis associated with a Grawitz tumor. Clim Exp Dermatoll993; l&391.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis — Benefits of Current Therapies
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle, Daryl Lau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Interferon alfa was approved as therapy for chronic hepatitis C in the United States in 1991 and for chronic hepatitis B in 1992. These approvals were based on the results of randomized, controlled trials showing that four-to-six-month courses of interferon induced sustained remissions of disease in a higher proportion of patients than was the case without therapy.15 Since that time, more than a half-million people have been treated with interferon for chronic hepatitis. Nevertheless, nagging questions remain. Is interferon alfa effective in inducing permanent remissions? Does therapy change the natural history of chronic viral hepatitis? Does it improve survival? . . .
Early adenocarcinoma originating in submucosal gland of thoracic esophagus presenting as submucosal tumor
Authors: S.-W. Wang, C.-S. Chang, J. Wang, H.-Z. Yeh
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The most common malignant neoplasm of the esophagus is squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus originate in the esophagogastric junction, Barrett's esophagus, or ectopic gastric mucosa [1]. Adenocarcinoma arising in a submucosal gland of the esophagus beneath the squamous epithelium is rare [2].
Texas governor is criticised for decision to vaccinate all girls against HPV
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Republican governor of Texas, Rick Perry, has signed an executive order requiring girls aged about 11 or 12 to be vaccinated with Gardasil, Merck's vaccine against the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV). Girls who haven't been vaccinated will not be allowed to enter the sixth grade of school, unless their parents say that they object to vaccination on the grounds of religion or conscience.

By issuing an executive order Governor Perry avoided the usual approval process through the Texas state legislature. He said, “The HPV vaccine provides us with an incredible opportunity to effectively target and prevent cervical cancer.” He said that it was no different from vaccinating children against polio. His supporters also point out that vaccinations against childhood diseases are often required by school districts in the United States.

Merck's vaccine protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. In clinical trials it provided five years of protection, but only about 1200 of those participating in trials were pre-teen girls.

The vaccine was unanimously …
Olanzapine Compared With Chlorpromazine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Robert R. Conley, Carol A. Tamminga, John J. Bartko, Charles Richardson, Michael Peszke, Jami Lingle, Judith Hegerty, Raymond Love, Cathy Gounaris, Sandra Zaremba
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of olanzapine with that of chlorpromazine plus benztropine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHOD: One hundred three previously treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria were given a prospective 6-week trial of 10–40 mg/day of haloperidol. Eighty-four of them failed to respond to that trial and agreed to be randomly assigned to an 8-week fixed-dose trial of either 25 mg/day of olanzapine alone or 1200 mg/day of chlorpromazine plus 4 mg/day of benztropine mesylate. RESULTS: Fifty-nine (70%) of the 84 subjects completed the trial. The primary outcome measures were Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score and positive symptom score, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms global score, and Clinical Global Impression score. An analysis of variance for the subjects who completed the study showed no difference in efficacy between the two drugs. Seven percent of the olanzapine-treated patients responded according to a priori criteria; no chlorpromazine-treated patients responded. The olanzapine-treated patients had fewer motor and cardiovascular side effects than the chlorpromazine-treated patients. Extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia were similar in the two groups, although no antiparkinsonian drugs were used in the olanzapine group. CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine and chlorpromazine showed similar efficacy, and the total amount of improvement with either drug was modest. Olanzapine-treated patients had fewer side effects than chlorpromazine-treated patients. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:914–920)
A Comprehensive Review of Interventions in the NOD Mouse and Implications for Translation
Authors: Lisl K.M. Shoda, Daniel L. Young, Saroja Ramanujan, Chan C. Whiting, Mark A. Atkinson, Jeffrey A. Bluestone, George S. Eisenbarth, Diane Mathis, Aldo A. Rossini, Scott E. Campbell, Richard Kahn, Huub T.C. Kreuwel
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Delayed Menarche and Amenorrhea of College Athletes in Relation to Age of Onset of Training
Authors: Rose E. Frisch
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Age at menarche and menstrual periodicity of 21 college swimmers and 17 runners were studied in relation to the age of initiating training. The 18 premenarche-trained athletes had a mean menarcheal age of 15.1 +/- 0.5 years, whereas the 20 postmenarche-trained athletes had a mean menarcheal age of 12.8 +/- 0.2 years, similar to that of the college control subjects, 12.7 +/- 0.4 years. Each year of training before menarche delayed menarche by five months (0.4 years). Of the premenarche-trained athletes, 61% had irregular menstrual cycles and 22% were amenorrheic, whereas 60% of the postmenarche-trained athletes had regular menstrual cycles and none were amenorrheic. Training increased the incidence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea among both premenarche- and postmenarche-trained athletes. Metabolic and hormonal changes consequent to an increased lean/fat ratio may explain these findings.
LEF1 and B9L Shield β-Catenin from Inactivation by Axin, Desensitizing Colorectal Cancer Cells to Tankyrase Inhibitors
Authors: Marc de la Roche, Ashraf E.K. Ibrahim, Juliusz Mieszczanek, Mariann Bienz
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hyperactive β-catenin drives colorectal cancer, yet inhibiting its activity remains a formidable challenge. Interest is mounting in tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi), which destabilize β-catenin through stabilizing Axin. Here, we confirm that TNKSi inhibit Wnt-induced transcription, similarly to carnosate, which reduces the transcriptional activity of β-catenin by blocking its binding to BCL9, and attenuates intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice. By contrast, β-catenin's activity is unresponsive to TNKSi in colorectal cancer cells and in cells after prolonged Wnt stimulation. This TNKSi insensitivity is conferred by β-catenin's association with LEF1 and BCL9-2/B9L, which accumulate during Wnt stimulation, thereby providing a feed-forward loop that converts transient into chronic β-catenin signaling. This limits the therapeutic value of TNKSi in colorectal carcinomas, most of which express high LEF1 levels. Our study provides proof-of-concept that the successful inhibition of oncogenic β-catenin in colorectal cancer requires the targeting of its interaction with LEF1 and/or BCL9/B9L, as exemplified by carnosate. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1495–505. ©2014 AACR.