tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Obstruction of the Mitral Orifice or Distention of the Pulmonary Vein-Atrial Junctions on Renal and Hind-Limb Vascular Resistance in the Dog
Authors: JAMES M. MASON, JOHN R. LEDSOME
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

This investigation attempted to determine whether stimulation of intrathoracic receptors, including those in the left atrium, is associated with changes in renal vascular resistance. In 19 dogs, the left kidney was perfused at constant pressure and the right hind limb was perfused at constant flow. A partial obstruction of the mitral orifice that increased left atrial pressure by less than 20 cm H 2 O caused tachycardia, hypotension, renal vasodilatation (5% increase in flow), and hind-limb vasoconstriction (10% increase in pressure). A partial obstruction of the orifice that raised left atrial pressure more than 20 cm H 2 O caused tachycardia, hypotension, and more hind-limb vasoconstriction (20% increase in pressure), but renal vascular resistance did not change. After bilateral vagotomy in either the thorax or the neck, partial obstruction of the mitral orifice caused constriction in both the renal and the hind-limb vascular beds. In 10 dogs, localized distention of three pulmonary vein-left atrial junctions caused an increase in heart rate and a small but significant increase in renal blood flow but had no effect on hind-limb vascular resistance. At least a part of the reflex renal dilatation caused by mitral obstruction probably resulted from stimulation of left atrial receptors.
MALARIAL INFECTION IN CERTAIN NATIVE VILLAGES OF THE CANALZONE.
Authors: ARTHUR I. KENDALL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>III. MALARIAL PARASITES AND SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES.</h3> The greatest confusion still attends the classification of the malarial parasites. I follow the terminology which seems most closely to conform to the rules of zoological nomenclature. Schaudinn<sup>1</sup>outlines the terminology which at the present time seems to be the most generally accepted one: <i>Plasmodium malariæ</i>(Laveran), the quartan parasite. <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>(Grassi and Feletti), the tertian parasite. <i>Plasmodium immaculatum</i>(Grassi and Feletti), the estivo-autumnal parasite. At the same time it is much more convenient for the sake of brevity and clearness to refer to the organisms described in this paper by their clinical manifestations, and the terms tertian, quartan and estivo-autumnal will be used, bearing in mind that these terms, although in a way unscientific, are distinctive and explicit. Before describing the parasites in detail it may be well to say a few words about the general differential diagnosis between tertian and
Specific serum IgE in the diagnosis of egg and milk allergy in adults
Authors: A. Norgaard, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, P. Stahl Skov, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Levels of specific serum IgE to cow's milk, whole hen's egg, egg white, and egg yolk were compared to the outcome of double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge ‘DBPCFC) with fresh egg and/or milk in 21 adults with a case history of immediate hypersensitivity to egg and/or milk. Specific serum IgE was measured by four different commercially available tests and by an inhouse Maxisorp RAST using freshly prepared food extracts. Sensitivities and negative predictive accuracies were generally high with egg white and milk, but low with egg yolk. Specificities and positive predictive accuracies were low for all allergens and tests. Changing the cutoff levels did not improve the ability of the tests to predict clinical allergy. Among commercially available test allergens, egg white gave the most consistent results in levels and class scores, and the highest degree of concordance with DBPCFC, whereas egg yolk and milk varied more. Applying freshly prepared food extracts in Maxisorp RAST did not improve diagnostic value. Measuring specific serum IgE levels in control subjects tolerant to egg/milk showed that false positive reactions occurred frequently among patients with another food allergy and atopic dermatitis, whereas most tests were likely to be negative in pollen‐allergic and nonallergic volunteers. In conclusion, specific IgE measurements with egg white and milk were useful for exclusion of symptomatic hypersensitivity to egg and milk in patients with a positive history, whereas DBPCFC is still mandatory in patients with positive history and positive test. Measuring egg‐yolk‐specific IgE or using freshly prepared food extracts for specific IgE measurements added no further diagnostic information. The rate of clinically insignificant positive test results seems to be influenced by the prevalence of other food allergies and/or atopic dermatitis in the population under study.
Injection of Antitoxin.
Authors: James L. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Wheelersburg, Ohio, May 19, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to Eulenberg's contention, as reported in the last number of theJournal, that the sudden death of a healthy child at Hoechst-on-Main after an injection of antitoxin, could not have been due to the virulence of the serum, but was perhaps the result of embolism, the puncture of a vein, or the introduction of air, may it not be pertinent to inquire whether ordinary hypodermic medication as heretofore practiced by all classes of physicians, has been followed by sudden deaths similar to those reported after the use of antitoxin?
Historical developments and perspectives in inorganic fiber toxicity in man.
Authors: I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The first patient known to have died from asbestosis (1900) began work in 1885, approximately 5 years after the industrial use of asbestos began in Britain. Mineral particles were found in his lungs. No special comment was made of their fibrous nature then nor when the first case was reported in 1924. The various neoplasms attributed to asbestos in the next decades posed an additional question: What influence did the fibrous shape of the particles have on carcinogenic potential? The cogency of the problem was amplified by the identification in humans of asbestos-like neoplasms with a fiber other than asbestos (erionite) and by the production of such neoplasms in experimental animals with a variety of man-made inorganic fibers, often used as substitutes for asbestos. The lessons learned about asbestos may help guide us in evaluating current fiber problems.
Tc-99m MIBI Scintigraphic Detection of Metastatic Insular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: IMAD T. ZAK, JAMES E. SEABOLD, NELSON J. GURLL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Thallium-201 and, recently, Tc-99m MIBI have been used in conjunction with I-131 scintigraphy for follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Insular carcinoma of the thyroid is a fairly aggressive thyroid neoplasm that is believed to arise from follicular cells and usually concentrates I-131. The authors report a patient with recurrent insular thyroid carcinoma in whom bilateral adrenal and lung metastatic lesions developed 3 years after ablative I-131 therapy for cervical lymph node and skeletal metastases. Tc-99m MIBI planar and SPECT images demonstrated these new lesions better than pretherapy I-131 scintigraphy and affords an imaging technique for post-I-131 therapy follow-up that does not require withholding thyroid hormone suppression.
Free cysteine is increased in plasma from hemodialysis patients
Authors: Takeshi Nakanishi, Yukiko Hasuike, Yoshinaga Otaki, Yasue Hama, Masayoshi Nanami, Koji Miyagawa, Rintaro Moriguchi, Hirofumi Nishikage, Masaaki Izumi, Yoshihiro Takamitsu
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility treatment: Lifestyle modification is paramount
Authors: Jonathan M Lord, Robert Norman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Solution is flawedEditor-Conroy et al offer a challenging solution to advance decisions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but the basis for that solution is fundamentally flawed. 1 They start from the premise that all institutions should provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless an overt decision has been made to the contrary. 2 3This is a common position in most UK NHS trusts, but there is no ethical, legal, or clinical demand on professionals that they must provide CPR.Current UK guidelines describe a presumption in favour of CPR in the absence of an advance decision but are equally clear that it would be unreasonable to resuscitate anyone in whom the burdens of treatment clearly outweigh the potential benefits.The presumption in favour of CPR has been interpreted by many health authorities as a default for CPR, but such a position is not supported by the guidelines and runs counter to personalised decision making by removing personal choice.It is also exceptional, since no other medical treatment comes with a default position.Unfortunately, Conroy et al's solution is to suggest an equally unacceptable position, a default against CPR.Conroy et al are right that the current guidelines need to be reviewed, but not for the reasons they state.Current UK guidelines are the source of much confusion among clinicians. 4They contain many contradictions and confusing statements and provide no framework for making clinical decisions.It is possible to make sense of advance decisions on CPR, and had the authors done so they would have arrived at a framework that individualises decisions, involves patients or relatives and partners when appropriate, and does so without placing an unnecessary burden on patients and carers. 4Instead the authors try to work through this confusion, and by offering a default against CPR they fail to reach a caring solution.
The effect of Hb F and α‐thalassemia on the red cell indices in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Paul F. Milner, George J. Garbutt, L. V. Nolan‐Davis, Felix Jonah, Lois B. Wilson, John T. Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract This study examines the effect of different levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and the presence or absence of genes for α‐thalassemia on the red cell indices and degree of anemia among 102 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease (S/S) between the ages of 15 and 62 years. Patients were divided into those with an average Hb F of &lt; 10 gm/L („low”︁ Hb F group) and those with &gt; 10 gm/L („high”︁ Hb F group). α‐Thalassemia was assessed by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA by the Southern blotting technique. Homozygosity for the β s gene was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA using the enzyme Mst II. There were 51 patients with four α‐globin genes, 28 of whom had „high”︁ and 23 „low”︁ Hb F levels. Fifty‐one patients had α‐thalassemia, 38 of whom were heterozygous and 13 homozygous for the 3. 7 kb α‐thalassemia deletion. Nine had „high”︁ and 31 had „low”︁ Hb F. Irrespective of α‐globin genotype, patients in the high Hb F group had a higher mean Hb, Hct, MCV, and MCH than those in the low HB F group. In patients without α‐thalassemia Hb F was positively correlated with MCV and MCH (p &lt; 0.001), patients with high Hb F levels having macrocytosis confirmed by microhematocrit studies. Patients with α‐thalassemia had a lower MCHC than patients with four α‐globin genes and this was not significantly affected by the level of Hb F. The combination of α‐thalassemia and high levels of Hb F appears to result in a distinctive S/S phenotype that is similar to the type of S/S disease described in Southern India.
Sudden death in the young. Is acute coronary thrombosis the major precipitating factor?
Authors: D Corrado, C Basso, A Poletti, A Angelini, M Valente, G Thiene
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, complicated by acute thrombosis, is the usual cause of sudden death in adults. This study addresses the pathology of coronary arteries in sudden death in the young (&lt; or = 35 years old). METHODS AND RESULTS Among 200 consecutive cases of sudden death in youth in the Veneto region of Italy, 37 (33 men and 4 women, age 18 to 35 years; mean, 29.4 years) showed obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in the absence of other cardiac pathological conditions and causes of death. No patient had previous angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Cardiac arrest occurred at rest in 30 subjects and was related to effort in 7. A histological study was carried out on the obstructive coronary plaques. Degree of lumen stenosis and extension of lipid core and intimal fibrocellular hyperplasia facing the lumen were calculated morphometrically. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to further characterize the plaque cell population. Single-vessel disease was found in 33 patients and triple-vessel disease in 4, with an overall total of 45 obstructive plaques, 34 of which were located in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. At histological study, only 10 plaques from 10 patients showed acute thrombosis (occlusive in 5 and subocclusive in 5); the remaining 35 were uncomplicated. Thirty-one plaques were fibrous in nature, while the other 14 were atheromatous. Compared with the atheromatous lesions, the fibrous plaques were rarely complicated by thrombosis (3% versus 64%; P &lt; .001) and distinctly exhibited a fairly well-preserved tunica media (81% versus 21%; P &lt; .001) as well as a stratum of neointimal fibrocellular hyperplasia (68% versus 7%; P &lt; .001), which on immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy appeared to be proliferating smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS In our study population, sudden death was precipitated by acute coronary thrombosis in only 27% of patients with obstructive coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Most of the young victims of sudden death with obstructive coronary atherosclerosis showed single-vessel disease that affected the left anterior descending coronary artery and was due to fibrous plaques with neointimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and a preserved tunica media in the absence of acute thrombosis.
Rak Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Regulating PTEN Protein Stability and Function
Authors: Eun-Kyoung Yim, Guang Peng, Hui Dai, Ruozhen Hu, Kaiyi Li, Yiling Lu, Gordon B. Mills, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Bryan T. Hennessy, Rolf J. Craven, Shiaw-Yih Lin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Danazol therapy in cyclic acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report
Authors: Rajesh Kashyap, V.P. Choudhry, H.P. Pati
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Cyclic acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) is a rare disorder characterized by periodic fluctuations in the platelet counts due to a defect in the platelet production. We describe a 42-year-old female with cyclic AATP, in whom the cyclic fluctuations in the platelet counts ceased with danazol therapy. The pathogenesis of the disease and the possible mechanisms of danazol action have been reviewed. Am. J. Hematol. 60:225–228, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Correction: Effect of Neuroimaging Studies on Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Scott Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996Correction: Effect of Neuroimaging Studies on Acute Ischemic StrokeScott Allen, MDScott Allen, MDUniversity of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Salerno and colleagues [1] report that of their total sample of 206 patients, the class of stroke was “unknown cause” in 67 patients (32.5%). Classification was based on the results of the physical examination at presentation, the first neuroimaging study, and any ancillary tests done before a second neuroimaging study. They also report that of patients who had only one neuroimaging study, 23 cases (35.4%) were initially classified as having an unknown cause. According to the data presented in Table 3, 75 (53.6%) of the patients who had two or more neuroimaging studies were classified as having ...REFERENCE1. Salerno SM, Landry F J, Sehiek JD, Sehoomaker EB. The effect of multiple neuroimaging studies on classification, treatment, and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:21-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Scott Allen, MDAffiliations: University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5 Page: 428 Keywords Computed axial tomography Ischemic stroke Neuroimaging Research design ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

John F Nunn British Museum Press, £25, pp 240 ISBN 0 71410981 9

Pharoanic Egypt was surely one of the most sophisticated of civilisations. A plentiful supply of food from around the Nile, freedom from foreign domination because of its isolation, and a remarkable combination of skills (from hieroglyphs to pyramids) ensured the country's continuity throughout the three millennia before the Christian era. The price was an intensely conservative society: medical practice, for example, scarcely changed until the Persians conquered the country in 525 BC.

The medical evidence, as John Nunn recounts in Ancient Egyptian Medicine, comes from a dozen papyri, thousands of …
Use of the Vacuum Extractor
Authors: M. Lancet
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Malmstrom's vacuum extractor (V.E.) is attracting considerable attention.Nevertheless there is a certain reluctance to try out this relatively new instrument.Most obstetricians think that forceps are good enough and see no reason to abandon them, whether partially or totally.But the wide range of different forms of forceps seems to suggest some inherent deficiency which innovators try to circumvent.The ideal instrument for expediting delivery should have the following main characteristics; cause no injury to the mother or the infant; be applied easily in all positions; and not inter- fere with the physiological movements of the head in the birth canal.This would also mean that the problem of correct cephalic or pelvic application should not exist.Some of these requirements cannot be fulfilled by forceps, and the completely different mechanics of the V.E.might be at least a partial answer.
Benefit of the Sequential Administration of Docetaxel after Standard FEC Regimen for Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up Results of the FNCLCC-PACS 01 Trial.
Authors: B. Coudert, M. Campone, M. Spielmann, M. Symann, F. Eichler, D. Serin, T. Delozier, G. Romieu, J. Canon, H. Orfeuvre, G. Piot, T. Petit, P. Chollet, G. Jerusalem, B. Audhuy, C. Veyret, M. Beauduin, J. Eymard, A. Martin, H. Roché
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the long-term impact on disease-free survival (DFS) and on overall survival (OS) of the sequential administration of docetaxel (D) following FEC100 among patients (pts) with node positive, operable breast cancer.Patients and Methods: Pts with localized, resectable, non pre-treated, unilateral breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either Arm A: 6 cycles of FEC100 (5FU/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide 500/100/500 mg/m² day 1, every 3 weeks), or Arm B: 3 cycles of FEC100 followed by 3 cycles of docetaxel (D) 100 mg/m² (day 1, every 3 weeks). First chemotherapy cycle was to be started no more than 42 days after surgery. Radiotherapy was mandatory after conservative surgery and hormone therapy was given for 5 years if tumors were positive for at least one hormone receptor. Main inclusion criteria were: age &amp;lt; 65 years, at least one positive node, no metastasis and normal cardiac, hematologic and renal functions. The main end-point of this prospective, non blinded, randomized, multicentre phase III trial was the 5-year DFS. These results have been already published (Roché et. al. J Clin Oncol. 2006 24(36):5664-71). Since this first analysis, survival data have been updated.Results: Between June 1997 and March 2000, 1999 pts were recruited. Main pts characteristics were well balanced between the 2 arms: median age 50 years, conservative surgery 57%, grade III 39%, both HR negative 21%, both HR positive 60%, 1-3 involved nodes 62%. Treatment was completed for 95% and 93.4% of pts in arms A and B, respectively.As of 15 April 2009, with a median long term follow-up of 92.8 months, 639 pts have experienced at least one event: 124 loco regional relapses, 421 metastasis, 68 contra lateral breast cancer, and 26 deaths as first event. A total number of 71 second cancers and 383 deaths have been registered.8-year DFS rates were 65.8% with FEC and 70.2% with FEC-D. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and number of positive nodes showed a 15% reduction in the relative risk of relapse with FEC-D (HR = 0.846 [95%CI 0.724 – 0.988], p=0.03).8-year OS rates were 78% with FEC and 83.2% with FEC-D. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and number of positive nodes showed a 25% reduction in the relative risk of death with FEC-D (HR = 0.754 [95%CI 0.616 – 0.922], p=0.006).Conclusion: Initial report of 5-year benefit in DFS and OS with sequential administration of FEC followed by D are fully confirmed at 8 years. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 603.
Immunoglobulin deficiency syndrome.
Authors: J A Arcadi
Journal: BMJ (1973)

after a 200-mg dose of alprenolol blockage was incomplete.Saameli2 showed in anaesthetized dogs that the duration of action of a single intravenous dose of pindolol is appreciably longer than that of an equiva- lent dose of propranolol.These findings suggest that the therapeutic action of pindolol might last longer than that of propranolol or alprenolol, but they do not explain why in our patients it apparently lasted for a week.Possibly with prolonged dosage (over a period of four weeks in our study) pindolol becomes fixed in the tissues and is then released slowly.Perhaps all beta- blocking drugs become fixed for a time in the tissues and the duration of their action depends on how quickly they are released.This is a matter which might be investigated.-Weare, etc.,