tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection by the Retrovirus Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Jay A. Levy, Lawrence S. Kaminsky, W. J. W. Morrow, Kathelyn Steimer, Paul Luciw, Dino Dina, James Hoxie, Lyndon Oshiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Peripheral mononuclear cells from more than 160 persons from groups at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have yielded AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV). Antibodies to ARV can also be found in these risk groups. Antibody-negative, virus-positive persons have been identified with early infection or possible viremia with immune complex formation. Established lines of human T and B cells, monocytes, and promyelocytes have been infected with ARV. Moreover, infectious virus has been recovered from macrophages cultured from the blood of some persons with AIDS. The cytopathic effects of ARV in T cells is associated with the accumulation of unintegrated viral forms in the infected cells. The ARV has also been isolated from plasma, serum, saliva, semen, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue. All these results reflect the wide host range of ARV and support its role in neurologic abnormalities seen in some patients. Molecular studies of independent ARV isolates indicate a polymorphism of nucleotide sequences, particularly in the viral envelope region. All these features place ARV in the lentivirus subfamily of human retroviruses.
The effect of dose, dose rate, route of administration, and species on tissue and blood levels of benzene metabolites.
Authors: R F Henderson, P J Sabourin, W E Bechtold, W C Griffith, M A Medinsky, L S Birnbaum, G W Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Studies were completed in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to determine the effect of dose, dose rate, route of administration, and rodent species on formation of total and individual benzene metabolites. Oral doses of 50 mg/kg or higher saturated the capacity for benzene metabolism in both rats and mice, resulting in an increased proportion of the administered dose being exhaled as benzene. The saturating air concentration for benzene metabolism during 6-hr exposures was between 130 and 900 ppm. At the highest exposure concentration, rats exhaled approximately half of the internal dose retained at the end of the 6-hr exposure as benzene; mice exhaled only 15% as benzene. Mice were able to convert more of the inhaled benzene to metabolites than were rats. In addition, mice metabolized more of the benzene by pathways leading to the putative toxic metabolites, benzoquinone and muconaldehyde, than did rats. In both rats and mice, the effect of increasing dose, administered orally or by inhalation, was to increase the proportion of the total metabolites that were the products of detoxification pathways relative to the products of pathways leading to putative toxic metabolites. This indicates low-affinity, high-capacity pathways for detoxification and high-affinity, low-capacity pathways leading to putative toxic metabolites. If the results of rodent studies performed at high doses were used to assess the health risk at low-dose exposures to benzene, the toxicity of benzene would be underestimated.
Health policy on blood cholesterol. Time to change directions.
Authors: S B Hulley, J M Walsh, T B Newman
Journal: Circulation (1992)

U-shaped association between the level of blood A cholesterol and subsequent mortality has been reported in many studies over the past two decades.1-3The right-hand limb of the U is the well known higher risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) at higher levels of blood cholesterol; this positive association, shown in clinical trials to be causal and reversible, is the cornerstone of U.S. policies directed at lowering high blood cholesterol.4The left-hand limb of the U is the higher risk of deaths from non-CHD causes at lower levels of blood cholesterol; the basis for this negative association remains poorly understood, and its implications for health policy have received inadequate attention.5,6This issue of Circulation contains a report on the 1990 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Associations that presents a statistical overview of available cohort stud- ies.The unprecedented size of the study (68,406 deaths)See p 1046 provides a unique opportunity to examine cause-specific mortality at the low end of the cholesterol distribution in both sexes.In the women, moreover, there are unexpected findings pertaining to the right-hand, high cholesterol limb. Low Blood Cholesterol and Noncardiovascular DeathsBeginning with the left-hand limb, the study finds a significantly increased risk of noncardiovascular death in both men and women with total cholesterol levels below 160 mg/dl for a surprisingly large and diverse set of causes.In round numbers, such men had a 20% higher age-adjusted rate of cancer deaths than those with cholesterol levels between 160 and 199 as well as a 40% higher rate of noncardiovascular noncancer deaths; the latter included increased rates of injury deaths (by 35%), respiratory system deaths (by 15%), digestive system deaths (by 50%), and "other" causes of From the Division of Clinical Epidemiology (S.B.
Biomarkers of Exposure: A Case Study with Inorganic Arsenic
Authors: Michael F. Hughes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The environmental contaminant inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human toxicant and carcinogen. Most mammals metabolize iAs by reducing it to trivalency, followed by oxidative methylation to pentavalency. iAs and its methylated metabolites are primarily excreted in urine within 4-5 days by most species and have a relatively low rate of bioaccumulation. Intra- and interindividual differences in the methylation of iAs may affect the adverse health effects of arsenic. Both inorganic and organic trivalent arsenicals are more potent toxicants than pentavalent forms. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for arsenic-induced toxicity, but a scientific consensus has not been achieved. Biomarkers of exposure may be used to quantify exposure to iAs. The most common biomarker of exposure for iAs is the measurement of total urinary arsenic. However, consumption of seafood containing high concentrations of organic arsenic can confound estimation of iAs exposure. Because these organic species are thought to be relatively nontoxic, their presence in urine may not represent increased risk. Speciation of urinary arsenic into inorganic and organic forms, and even oxidation state, gives a more definitive indication of the exposure to iAs. Questions still remain, however, as to how reliably the measurement of urinary arsenic, either total or speciated, may predict arsenic concentrations at target tissues as well as how this measurement could be used to assess chronic exposures to iAs.
Rimonabant and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Obese Persons
Authors: José Miguel Dora
Journal: JAMA (2008)

To the Editor: In the STRADIVARIUS trial, Dr Nissen and colleagues1 studied the effect of rimonabant on progression of atherosclerosis in patients with abdominal obesity and coronary artery disease. We would like to raise a number of issues about this trial.
IL-8 and RANTES Induced by Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Adenovirus, and Der f 1
Authors: J.S. Yoon, J.Y. Park, J.G. Lee, M.S. Chung, G.Y. Lee, E.G. Kim, M.H. Lee, H.H. Kim, J.T. Kim, J.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Dangers of glass doors.
Authors: A J Pim
Journal: BMJ (1978)

for skilled advice on occupational health matters, and in consequence many previously neglected environmental problems have come to light which call for medical help.It is the duty of those who undertake to advise them to make it plain that these are the important tasks, and that occupational medicine does not consist of routine examinations of new employees on the pretence that the doctor can forecast future sickness absence experience or survival.
Data Requested on History of Psychiatry in Canada
Authors: J. D. Griffin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A lively interest has developed across Canada in the history of medicine in general and in the history of Canadian psychiatry in particular. The Canadian Psychiatric Association has established a Committee on the History of Psychiatry which is now attempting to prepare a comprehensive bibliography. We would like to request the cooperation of your readers in helping us to obtain information about books and articles, including unpublished theses, etc, dealing with this topic. Detailed information or even vague references would be most welcome. They could be sent to<i>Mr. Cyril Greenland, Associate (Archivist), Dept of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 2 Surrey PI, Toronto 5.</i> We would also like to receive superfluous or unwanted books of historical interest in this field, reports, pamphlets, letters, or memorabilia which might throw light on the early days of psychiatry in Canada. In cases where documents of unusual interest cannot be released,
The Quality of Life as Opposed to the Right to Life
Authors: HERBERT I. POSIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Psychiatric reasons for advocating abortion at will derive in part from cumulative clinical experience of confronting the problems of unwanted children, abortion, and contraception. Consideration of the question of the "quality of life" may include consideration of the question of the right to life. According to this doctor, raising moral questions about abortion is not the same as fanaticism or primitiveness.
Infectious Mononucleosis with Psychosis
Authors: R. W. Raymond, R. L. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

INVOLVEMENT of the central nervous system in infectious mononucleosis has been reported by a number of authors since the patients with meningitis described in 1931 by Johansen1 and by Epstein and Dameshek.2 However, cases of infectious mononucleosis associated with psychosis have not appeared up to the present time in the literature to our knowledge. Many cases of meningitis and peripheral-nerve palsies, occurring separately or together, have been reported.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bernstein's13 monograph summarized most of these early reports up to 1940. In 1941, while publishing the details of a case of meningeal involvement, together with ataxia, catatonia and slurred speech, Landes, Reich . . .
THE NEEDS AND RIGHTS OF OLD AGE.
Authors: I. N. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In this old Kentucky home of oratory, where the very atmosphere is charged with eloquence, where every individual from the moment he is able to articulate until the time when he tenders his resignation to the Great Ruler, is able to speak with the rhetorical skill of a Demosthenes, where the cattle on a thousand hills give forth their lowing in sounds of melody, it would be an error on my part to attempt to speak to you in an off-hand manner. I have instead elected to present to you a few thoughts jotted down at my leisure regarding a subject which I trust will not prove uninteresting. The topic which I have selected is "The Needs and Rights of Old Age." One that is not far removed from the middle milepost of life in discussing "The Needs and Rights of Old Age," can surely not be charged with indulgence
Epididymal Cyst Simulating Missed Torsion by Scrotal Scintigraphy
Authors: DAVID B. TURETSKY, L HABELSON WILF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The rim sign, once thought to be specific for missed testicular torsion, has been shown to be relatively nonspecific and secondary to a wide variety of causes. False-positive examinations have been reported secondary to hydrocele, epididymo-orchitis, abscess, hematoma, testicular tumor, and inguinal hernia. A case of epididymal cyst as a cause of a false-positive rim sign is discussed.
Cell-mediated immunity to gluten within the small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease.
Authors: P D Howdle, A W Bullen, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1982)

Jejunal biopsies from controls and coeliac patients were maintained in organ culture in the presence of gluten fraction III. The culture media were assayed for evidence of lymphokine activity in a migration inhibition test using normal peripheral blood leucocytes. Significant inhibition of migration was produced by media from untreated coeliac patients compared with controls (P less than 0.005) or treated coeliac patients (P less than 0.001), indicating the production of a leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) by untreated coeliac mucosa in response to gluten fraction III. The degree of inhibition correlated with the preculture interepithelial lymphocyte count in the coeliac biopsies (P less than 0.02). In six coeliac patients studied when on a normal diet and on a gluten-free diet, LIF was produced while on a normal diet, but not while on a gluten-free diet. These results suggest that a local cell-mediated immune reaction to gluten is present in the mucosa of patients with untreated coeliac disease but that this is reversed by treatment with a gluten-free diet.
PSYCHOSES WITH MYXEDEMA
Authors: RALPH M. CROWLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

1. Two cases of myxedema associated with psychosis are presented: in one, recovery seemed definitely dependent on thyroid medication, and in the other it did not. 2. Even in elderly and apparently senile individuals with myxedema, caution is needed in ascribing mental symptoms and disturbances in behavior to organic changes in the brain or even to hypofunctioning of the thyroid gland. 3. Emotional and personality factors need to be studied to understand the type of psychosis and personality reaction to the myxedema, and to understand the relapses due to neglect of medication. 4. Psychoanalytic investigation of persons with myxedema is desirable in order to answer the question as to what personality structure favors development of myxedema.
IS DYSPNEA MORE PREVALENT AS A REASON FOR EXERCISE TEST TERMINATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIASTOLIC THAN SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Authors: Akiko Fujino, Michio Nakanishi, Tetsuo Arakawa, Reon Kumasaka, Teruo Noguchi, Hiroyuki Takahama, Masanobu Yanase, Naohiko Aihara, Hiroshi Takaki, Yoichi Goto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Vancomycin. A second look
Authors: A. L. Esposito
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WITH the introduction of methicillin sodium into clinical practice in 1960, the antibiotic vancomycin hydrochloride was relegated to the back shelves of the hospital pharmacy or deleted from the formulary. This appeared to be a natural evolutionary process: a toxic medicine replaced by one with less potential for serious untoward events. Vancomycin was known to be a difficult antibiotic for the patient to tolerate, since the administration of this compound could precipitate phlebitis, shaking chills, fever, and generalized skin eruptions. More importantly, however, vancomycin had produced irreparable harm to some patients, including deafness and renal failure.<sup>1</sup>We report why vancomycin should not be considered merely a drug of historic interest and why it remains an essential component of the physician's therapeutic arsenal. Three factors appear to contribute to the need for a second look at vancomycin: improvements in the manufacturing process have produced a preparation that has resulted in a
<i><scp>GLCCI</scp>1</i> variant accelerates pulmonary function decline in patients with asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Y. Izuhara, H. Matsumoto, Y. Kanemitsu, K. Izuhara, Y. Tohda, T. Horiguchi, H. Kita, K. Kuwabara, K. Tomii, K. Otsuka, M. Fujimura, N. Ohkura, K. Tomita, A. Yokoyama, H. Ohnishi, Y. Nakano, T. Oguma, S. Hozawa, T. Nagasaki, I. Ito, T. Oguma, H. Inoue, T. Tajiri, T. Iwata, J. Ono, S. Ohta, M. Tamari, T. Hirota, T. Yokoyama, A. Niimi, M. Mishima
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background In steroid‐naive patients with asthma, several gene variants are associated with a short‐term response to inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS ) treatment; this has mostly been observed in C aucasians. However, not many studies have been conducted for other ethnicities. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between the annual decline in forced expiratory flow volume in one second ( FEV 1 ) and the variant of the glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 gene ( GLCCI 1 ) in Japanese patients with asthma receiving long‐term ICS treatment, taking into account the effect of high serum periostin levels, a known association factor of pulmonary function decline and a marker of refractory eosinophilic/ T h2 inflammation. Methods In this study, 224 patients with asthma receiving ICS treatment for at least 4 years were enrolled. The effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) in GLCCI 1, stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 ( STIP 1 ), and T gene on the decline in FEV 1 of 30 ml/year or greater were determined. Results Besides the known contributing factors, that is, the most intensive treatment step, ex‐smoking, and high serum periostin levels (≥95 ng/ml), the GG genotype of GLCC I1 rs37973, and not other SNP s, was independently associated with a decline in FEV 1 of 30 ml/year or greater. When patients were stratified according to their serum periostin levels, the GG genotype of rs37973 was significantly associated with blood eosinophilia (≥250/μl) in the high serum periostin group. Conclusions A GLCCI 1 variant is a risk factor of pulmonary function decline in J apanese patients with asthma receiving long‐term ICS treatment. Thus, GLCCI 1 may be associated with response to ICS across ethnicities.
Re: Cellular Telephones and Cancer--a Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: S. Godward, M. Sandhu, J. Skinner, J. McCann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Re: Cellular Telephones and Cancer-a Nationwide Cohort Study in DenmarkJohansen et al. (1) have assessed the risk of cancer in Danish cellular telephone users.They conducted a retrospective cohort study of cancer incidence in 420 095 residential subscribers compared with national cancer data and found no excess of brain cancer or other cancers of primary interest.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block: early and long-term risk in children
Authors: Floris E.A Udink ten Cate, Johannes M.P.J Breur, Mitchell I Cohen, Nicole Boramanand, Livia Kapusta, Jane E Crosson, Joel I Brenner, Louise J Lubbers, Alan H Friedman, Victoria L Vetter, Erik J Meijboom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Mitotic Leukoblasts In the Peripheral Blood of a Case of Acute Leukemia
Authors: HAROLD BOWCOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 April 1931Mitotic Leukoblasts In the Peripheral Blood of a Case of Acute LeukemiaHAROLD BOWCOCK, M. D., ROGER W. DICKSON, M. D.HAROLD BOWCOCK, M. D.Search for more papers by this author, ROGER W. DICKSON, M. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-10-1344 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMitotic figures are always discoverable in the cells of the bone marrow, lymph glands, spleen and other tissues of patients dying of acute leukemia. The occurrence of mitotic leukoblasts in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from leukemia is either rare or the mitotic white cells have been falsely interpreted as mitotic erythroblasts. Dock1studied mitotic leukoblasts and erythroblasts and reviewed an extensive but uncertain literature. Tannhauser2described mitotic leukoblasts in the peripheral blood of a patient with acute leukemia. Bowcock and Bishop3reported a case of acute leukemia in which the peripheral blood frequently contained a type of mitotic...Bibliography1 DOCK G: Mitosis in circulating blood. The Physician and Surgeon, 26, 1, Jan. 1904. Google Scholar2 TANNHAUSER S: Ueber Mitosen im strömenden Blut bei einem Fall von akute Leukämie. Virchows Arch. 264, 391, 1927. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 BOWCOCKBISHOP HEL: A Case of Acute Leukemia with Unusual Cell Forms in the Blood. Ann. Int. Med., 3, 1252, June, 1930. LinkGoogle Scholar4 GROAT WA: Mitosis in Myeloblasts in Peripheral Blood. Am. J. Med. Sci., 180, 607, November, 1930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 RABINOVICI E: Ueber einen Fall von Mikroblastenleukämie mit zahlreichen Mitosen im peripheren Blute. Folia Haemat. 43, 132, 1930. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe proliferation arrest of primary tumor cells out-of-niche is associated with widespread downregulation of mitotic and transcriptional genesVergangene und moderne Forschungen über die Leukämien im Lichte der ätiopathogenetischen ProblemLymphatic Leucemia and Pregnancy 1 April 1931Volume 4, Issue 10Page: 1344-1346KeywordsBloodBlood cellsBone marrowCellsLymphSpleenWhite blood cells Issue Published: 1 April 1931 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Row breaks out over paying for artificial nutrition in Germany
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A row has broken out in Germany over who should pay for patients to receive artificial feeding. The joint doctors and health industry committee that determines which treatments will be funded by the insurance industry claims that artificial feeding is being used unnecessarily in patients who could be fed orally if staff in nursing homes were willing to do so. It has issued new rules saying that the treatment should be used only in restricted circumstances.

But the German government, reacting to an outcry in the media about difficult cases, has refused to accept the committee's ruling and says that the insurance industry should continue to fund the procedure for …
Fc receptor IIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jy, Wang Cm, Tsao Kc, Chow Yh, Wu Jm, Li Cl, Ho Hh, Wu Yj, Luo Sf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether the distribution of Fcγ receptor IIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms confers a risk factor for disease susceptibility, and correlates with the clinical characteristics and serological parameters of patients with SLE in Taiwan. <b>Methods:</b> Genotyping of Fcγ receptors IIa H/R131, IIIa F/V158, and IIIb NA1/NA2 was performed in 302 patients with SLE and 311 healthy blood donor controls. The distribution of Fcγ receptor IIa, IIIa, and IIIb genotypes in patients and controls was analysed. Frequencies of three Fcγ receptor polymorphisms were also compared between lupus patients with and without different clinical manifestations and autoantibodies. <b>Results:</b> No significant skewing in the distribution of Fcγ RIIa H/R131, Fcγ RIIIa F/V158, and Fcγ RIIIb NA1/NA2 was found between patients and controls in Taiwan. The following clinical associations were found: Fcγ RIIIb NA1/NA1 protected against neuropsychiatric lupus (p = 0.028) but conferred susceptibility to discoid rash (p&lt;0.005); increased Fcγ RIIIa V/V158 was associated with infections (p = 0.039); increased Fcγ RIIa H/H131 was associated with earlier onset of lupus (p = 0.01). <b>Conclusion:</b> Fcγ receptor IIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms may be responsible for the development of distinct manifestations of lupus patients in Taiwan, but there is no significantly skewed distribution in the susceptibility to lupus as a whole.
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Gijs M.J.M. Welten, Olaf Schouten, Sanne E. Hoeks, Michel Chonchol, Radosav Vidakovic, Ron T. van Domburg, Jeroen J. Bax, Marc R.H.M. van Sambeek, Don Poldermans
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)