tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution of bronchial responsiveness in a general population: effect of sex, age, smoking, and level of pulmonary function.
Authors: P Paoletti, L Carrozzi, G Viegi, P Modena, L Ballerin, F Di Pede, L Grado, S Baldacci, M Pedreschi, M Vellutini
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Bronchial responsiveness (BR) was assessed by the methacholine challenge test in 1,694 subjects from a sample of the general population (aged 8 to 73 yr) enrolled in a prospective epidemiologic study on the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Information on respiratory symptoms and risk factors for COPD were obtained with a standardized questionnaire. The provocative dose causing a 10%, 15%, and 20% decrease in FEV1 was reached in 939 (55%), 658 (39%), and 447 (26%) subjects, respectively, after the last cumulative dose of methacholine (i.e., 4.8 mg). The slope of the dose-response curve was also computed in order to attribute a parameter to subjects who did not reach the provocative dose. After natural log transformation, the slope (Ln Slope) of the curve showed a significant association with the degree of airway obstruction, as assessed by FEV1% predicted, FEV1/VC%, and FEV1/FVC%. Therefore, relationships between BR, sex, age, and smoking were evaluated after adjustments for the initial airway caliber (FEV1, FEV1 adjusted for height, and FEV1/VC%). Females showed significantly higher values of Ln Slope than did males after adjustments were made for baseline lung function. In males, higher BR was observed in childhood-adolescence age groups and at older ages, while in females a higher level of BR was observed during childhood. Significantly higher Ln Slope values were found for females who currently smoked than for non- and ex-smokers. No difference was observed in males in relation to smoking habit. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endotracheal Intubation in the Prehospital Phase of Emergency Medical Care
Authors: Lenworth M. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1983)

One hundred seventy-eight endotracheal intubations by paramedics were reviewed prospectively during a nine-month period; 149 patients (83.7%) had medical conditions, and 29 (16.2%) had trauma. The endotracheal tube was successfully placed in 172 (96.6%); in four patients (2.2%), attempts were unsuccessful, and in two patients (1.1%), the attempt was aborted. There were no incidences of reported complications. We conclude that endotracheal intubation can be accomplished successfully outside the hospital by paramedical personnel. Comprehensive training and continuous medical control of paramedics' activities seem to be essential requirements for its success.
ARTERIOVENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL VESSELS
Authors: A. B. EISENBREY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The specimen pictured herewith is of interest because of the extensive nature of the alterations in both artery and vein up to the bifurcation of the aorta and vena cava, and because of the probable bearing of these lesions on the cardiac condition, on account of which the patient entered the hospital. It is of interest also to note that, in spite of the marked nature of the lesions in the femoral and iliac vessels, no history of symptoms directly referable to them was obtained. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient, a physician, aged 63, was admitted to St. Luke's Hospital, Dec. 22, 1912, on the service of Dr. Austin W. Hollis, through whose courtesy I am able to report the clinical history of the case. He complained of shortness of breath and presented symptoms of cardiac insufficiency. There was a history of some dyspnea on exertion, extending over a period of two
The Surgeon of Crowthorne: A Tale of Murder, Madness and the Love of Words
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Simon Winchester

Viking, =A310, pp 207

ISBN 0 670 87862 6

An insane homicidal doctor, an autodidactic bank clerk, and a poor labourer do not sound promising candidates as dramatis personae in the story of the creation of one of the world's greatest reference books, but so they turned out to be.

William Chester Minor studied medicine at Yale, graduated in 1863, and, with the Civil War raging, enlisted in the Union army in June, four days before the battle of Gettysburg. A sensitive man, he was appalled at the horrors of the war, and, although he rose to the rank of captain and was regarded as one of the best army surgeons in the country, he was invalided out on full pension in 1871 with what was termed monomania, attributed to “causes arising in the line of duty.”

Minor hoped that moving to London would ease his mind, …
Surgical ablation of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia using epicardial Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation without ventriculotomy
Authors: Dietrich Pfeiffer, Rainer Moosdorf, Robert H. Svenson, Laszlo Littmann, Wolfram Grimm, Berndt Lüderitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Vasodilators in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure-Reply
Authors: Cynthia D. Mulrow
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We strongly disagree "that the place of vasodilators, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, in the treatment of heart failure is ambivalent and uncertain." Individual trials as well as combined data from multiple trials have shown that (1) use of most vasodilator agents improves functional status, (2) combined therapy with nitrates and hydralazine probably decreases mortality, and (3) treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors both improves functional status and decreases mortality. We agree that this study was a metaanalysis and that it was based on a careful systematic review of reports regarding vasodilators in congestive heart failure that were identified from a computer search, bibliographies, national experts, and drug manufacturers.
A Brief history of Cardiovascular Research
Authors: M Janse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The founder of Cardiovascular Research , John P. Shillingford, wrote in his Editorial in the first issue of the journal: “In Great Britain the bulk of scientific papers on cardiovascular research has appeared in the British Heart Journal. For some time its editors have been aware that the increasing number of papers on basic or laboratory work might be more suitably grouped together in a separate Journal.” “After careful consideration it was decided to start a new journal, Cardiovascular Research , under the auspices of the British Cardiac Society and to be published by the British Medical Association.” “At the present time Cardiovascular Research will appear quarterly” [1]. Although these words might indicate that Cardiovascular Research was primarily a British journal, it was from the start an international journal; its first article came from the United States.

In 1975 R.J. Linden became the second Editor, and in 1978 the journal went “monthly”. In an unsigned Editorial [2] it was stated “Reports of investigations into biological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease are particularly welcome; the dissection of the mechanisms involved in disease processes, and the consequent unfolding of the means by which the diseases can be combatted, is rarely possible in man.” This is still the main aim of the journal, as was recently emphasized …
The Changing Epidemiology of Rubella in the 1990s
Authors: Susan E. Reef, Teryl K. Frey, Katherine Theall, Emily Abernathy, Cindy L. Burnett, Joseph Icenogle, Mary Mason McCauley, Melinda Wharton
Journal: JAMA (2002)

rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United States reflects the overwhelming success of rubella and CRS control strategies that were initiated 31 years ago, when rubella vaccine became available.While the US vaccination program has mainly focused on attaining high rates of childhood immunization, the goal of the program is to prevent fetal infection.When intrauterine rubella occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, the results can include miscarriage, stillbirth, and CRS-a pattern of fetal anomalies that includes cataracts, hearing impairment, cardiac disease, and developmental delay. 1 After the vaccination program began in 1969, the number of rubella and CRS cases declined steadily.That year, 57600 rubella cases and 62 CRS cases were reported.By 1988, an all-time low of 223 rubella cases and 4 CRS cases were reported. 2However, in 1989, the number of reported rubella cases increased
Alkalinization of Urine-Reply
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The literature on the relationship between acetazolamide and stone formation indicates the following: The incidence among patients being treated for glaucoma is unknown, since the number of reported cases is very small and the population at risk is usually undefined. My rough estimate is less than 1%. The crystalline component of the stone is calcium phosphate. There are no preventive measures, but it would be of interest to have plain films of the abdomen before and during the treatment. There may be a significant number of "silent" stones in addition to the "noisy" ones.
THE REAL TILBURY FOX. A Vindication of his Claim to Eminence.
Authors: H. G. Adamson, P. Marquardt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1950)

Journal Article THE REAL TILBURY FOX. A Vindication of his Claim to Eminence. Get access H. G. Adamson, H. G. Adamson Abteilung für Experimentelle Therapie an der Med. Fakultät de Universität, Freiburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Marquardt P. Marquardt Abteilung für Experimentelle Therapie an der Med. Fakultät de Universität, Freiburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 62, Issue 9, 1 September 1950, Pages 364–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1950.tb15479.x Published: 01 September 1950
Calcium inhibition of glycolysis contributes to ischaemic injury
Authors: W. Auffermann, S. Wagner, S. Wu, P. Buser, W. W Parmley, J. Wikman-Coffelt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Calcium inhibition of glycolysis contributes to ischaemic injury Get access Wolfgang Auffermann, Wolfgang Auffermann Correspondence to: Dr Wikman-Coffelt, Room M1186 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stefan Wagner, Stefan Wagner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shao Wu, Shao Wu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Buser, Peter Buser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William W Parmley, William W Parmley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joan Wikman-Coffelt Joan Wikman-Coffelt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 1990, Pages 510–520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.6.510 Published: 01 June 1990 Article history Received: 14 September 1989 Accepted: 06 February 1990 Published: 01 June 1990
Development of novel sustained-release system, disintegration-controlled matrix tablet (DCMT) with solid dispersion granules of nilvadipine (II): In vivo evaluation
Authors: Nobuyuki Tanaka, Keiji Imai, Kazuto Okimoto, Satoshi Ueda, Yuji Tokunaga, Rinta Ibuki, Kazutaka Higaki, Toshikiro Kimura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
High Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not an Independent Predictor for Stroke
Authors: Michiel J. Bos, C. Maarten A. Schipper, Peter J. Koudstaal, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, Albert Hofman, Monique M.B. Breteler
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Current guidelines recommend the assessment of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with a high-sensitivity assay in cardiovascular risk prediction. Recent studies have put forward that although elevated CRP is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it is not helpful in the prediction of cardiovascular disease risk. We studied the importance of CRP as a risk factor and as a risk predictor of future stroke. Methods and Results— The present study was based on 6430 participants of the Rotterdam Study who at baseline (1990–1993) were ≥55 years of age, were stroke free, and had blood taken. Strokes were classified as hemorrhagic, ischemic, or unspecified. Ischemic strokes were further subclassified. Whether stroke risk varied with baseline CRP serum levels was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Whether CRP was helpful in the prediction of individual stroke risk was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves and by comparing the distribution of strokes between predicted risk strata. During an average of 8.2 years of follow-up, 498 first-ever strokes occurred. High CRP levels were significantly associated with risk of any stroke (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio per SD, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.24) and risk of ischemic stroke (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio per SD, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.32). Taking CRP levels into account did not improve the individual stroke risk prediction, however, regardless of whether it was based on the Framingham stroke risk score or on age and sex only. Conclusions— Although CRP levels are associated with stroke risk, their use in the assessment of individual stroke risk seems limited.
IFN alfa-CON 1 + Ribavirin combination therapy in naive difficult-to-treat patients affected by chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Antonio Bellobuono, S. Tempini, D. Grimoldi, L. Mondazzi, G.M. Idéo, C. Cattaneo, Andrea Bellobuono, G. Idéo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Crypt loss is a marker of clinical severity of acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Joshua Melson, Shriram Jakate, Henry Fung, Sally Arai, Ali Keshavarzian
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Crypt loss is a histological finding in acute gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GI-GvHD) of undefined clinical significance.Colonic crypt loss was graded in twenty-three patients treated for GI-GvHD following stem cell transplantation and then correlated with clinical parameters of disease severity and mortality.Crypt loss was present in 17/23 cases, and in 11/23 cases crypt loss was deemed severe by the presence of contiguous areas of crypt loss. Nine of 11 patients with severe crypt loss had daily stool volumes in excess of 1000 ml/day, while only 3/12 of those with minimal or no crypt loss had this level of severe diarrhea. All 11 patients with severe crypt loss had a pathologic appearance at endoscopy and 10/11 had steroid refractory disease. Diarrhea resolved in only 3/9 patients with severe crypt loss. Five out of 10 patients (50%) with severe crypt loss expired within 15 months of diagnosis. All five deaths were attributable to the progression of GvHD itself or infection in the presence of continued GI-GvHD. Conversely, only 1 of 12 patients (8%) with mild or no crypt loss had a death attributable to GvHD or infection.This study shows that severe colonic crypt loss predicts severe clinical GI-GvHD that is more likely to be refractory to steroid treatment. In addition, crypt loss severity appears associated with higher mortality related to GvHD. Crypt loss can serve as a tool to predict clinically severe GI-GvHD.
The nature and clinical features of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriogram.
Authors: A Rosenblatt, A Selzer
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Six new cases of acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriogram are presented and supplemented by 19 collected cases (group I). These are compared with 16 cases of myocardial infarction caused by occlusive coronary artery disease in a comparable population (group ii). The following significant differences between the two groups are established: patients in group I were younger (27.5 years vs 33.7 years, P less than 0.005); at least one risk factor was present in all patients in group II, but in only 40% of group I (P less than 0.0001). effort angina preceded the attack in ten patients of group II, but in none of group I (P less than 0.0001). The attack was unheralded in 24 of the 25 patients in group I, but was preceded by prodromes in 11 of 16 in group II (P less than 0.0001). Attacks of pain following myocardial infarction occurred in five patients of group 2 and II of group II) (P less than 0.001). Results are discussed in the light of the nature of myocardial infarction in group I. No support is found for the coronary spasm theory. The most likely mechanism for development of myocardial infarction in group I is thought to be a thromboembolic "accident." This accident is not necessarily related to atherosclerotic coronary disease and is presumed to be benign in nature.
A worldwide survey of genome sequence variation provides insight into the evolutionary history of the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Andreas Wallberg, Fan Han, Gustaf Wellhagen, Bjørn Dahle, Masakado Kawata, Nizar Haddad, Zilá Luz Paulino Simões, Mike H Allsopp, Irfan Kandemir, Pilar De la Rúa, Christian W Pirk, Matthew T Webster
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Identifying a hepatitis B outbreak by molecular surveillance: a case study
Authors: N Fisker, N L T Carlsen, H J Kolmos, L Tønning-Sørensen, A Høst, P B Christensen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Infection outbreaks are usually recognised when an unexpectedly high number of cases of a clinical illness are observed. With hepatitis B infection, the incubation period is long and a substantial proportion of infected people—especially children and the immunocompromised host—may remain asymptomatic.1–3 These factors increase the risk of prolonged and unrecognised outbreaks. Denmark has not implemented universal childhood hepatitis B immunisation, and vaccination is not required for health workers performing invasive procedures.

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus have been used to investigate recognised outbreaks,4 5 to reject or confirm suspected chains of transmission,6 and to prove unusual reservoirs or routes of infection.7 8 We present the unravelling of an outbreak of asymptomatic hepatitis B on a paediatric ward after the incidental identification of a single case of hepatitis B. The recognition and subsequent halting of the spread of this outbreak were possible owing to the availability of a DNA sequences library compiled from patients with hepatitis B in the locality.9

During preparation for bone marrow transplantation, a child was diagnosed with an acute asymptomatic hepatitis B infection at the paediatric haematology and oncology department at Odense University Hospital. Screening for hepatitis B had been negative two years previously, and serology testing and polymerase chain reaction in repository blood donation samples and follow-up samples from all involved blood donors were negative for the virus. The patient had had no contact with known hepatitis B cases during the suspected incubation period.

As part of a research programme, strains of the hepatitis B virus consecutively detected in the area had been partially sequenced. The patient's sequence (the hepatitis B epi strain) was identical to that of a known hepatitis B carrier who had been …
Genomic Analysis of Mental Illness
Authors: Jon McClellan, Mary-Claire King
Journal: JAMA (2010)

THE EARTH IS SHIFTING BENEATH PSYCHIATRIC GENETics. Schizophrenia and other complex neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by genetic heterogeneity to an extent far greater than previously recognized. Individually rare mutations, many de novo and others a few generations old, may be collectively responsible for a substantial portion of mental illness. The degree of heterogeneity is so great that most unrelated patients may have a different genetic cause. This phenomenon has fundamental implications for translational and interventional research.
Death on the roads: Schools obstruct road safety measures
Authors: Peter M English
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle. 1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users.The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it.As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom.
High glucose activates HIF-1-mediated signal transduction in glomerular mesangial cells through a carbohydrate response element binding protein
Authors: Tsubasa Isoe, Yuichi Makino, Katsutoshi Mizumoto, Hidemitsu Sakagami, Yukihiro Fujita, Jun Honjo, Yumi Takiyama, Hiroshi Itoh, Masakazu Haneda
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
TRAIL Inhibits Tumor Growth but Is Nontoxic to Human Hepatocytes in Chimeric Mice
Authors: Chunhai Hao, Jin H. Song, Belinda Hsi, Jamie Lewis, Doyoun K. Song, Kenneth C. Petruk, David L. J. Tyrrell, Norman M. Kneteman
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand TNF-α and Fas ligand (FasL) can trigger apoptosis in solid tumors, but their clinical usage has been limited by hepatotoxicity. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a newly identified member of the TNF family, and its clinical application currently is under a similar debate. Here, we report a recombinant soluble form of human TRAIL (114 to 281 amino acids) that induces apoptosis in tumor cells but not human hepatocytes. We first isolated human hepatocytes from patients and showed that the human hepatocytes expressed Fas but no TRAIL death receptor DR4 and little DR5 on the cell surface. Antibody cross-linked FasL, but not TRAIL, triggered apoptosis of the human hepatocytes through cleavage of caspases. We then examined TRAIL hepatotoxicity in severe combined immunodeficient/Alb-uPA chimeric mice harboring human hepatocytes. Intravenous injection of FasL, but not TRAIL, caused apoptotic death of human hepatocytes within the chimeric liver, thus killing the mice. Finally, we showed that repeated intraperitoneal injections of TRAIL inhibited intraperitoneal and subcutaneous tumor growth without inducing apoptosis in human hepatocytes in these chimeric mice. The results indicate that the recombinant soluble human TRAIL has a profound apoptotic effect on tumor cells but is nontoxic to human hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo.
Scientists beg EU to repeal new rules for clinical trials
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thousands of academics and scientists across Europe are appealing to the European Union to repeal new legislation that they fear could seriously damage the prospects of non-commercial, academically led, patient focused clinical research.

Opponents of the new rules, which are due to come into effect on 1 May, are mounting a last ditch campaign. In the space of just two weeks they have collected signatures from over 2000 medical researchers, including some 150 professors of medicine and science, across Europe and further afield.

Their criticism is directed at the description of “sponsor” in the European Union's good clinical practice legislation. In …
Replication of genome-wide association study loci for allergic rhinitis and house dust mite sensitization in an Asian population of ethnic Chinese in Singapore
Authors: Anand Kumar Andiappan, De Yun Wang, Ramani Anantharaman, Bani Kaur Suri, Bernett Teck Kwong Lee, Olaf Rotzschke, Jianjun Liu, Fook Tim Chew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)