tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dementia in the Elderly: The Silent Epidemic
Authors: J C Beck, D F Benson, A B Scheibel, J E Spar, L Z Rubenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The graying of America will be accompanied by an epidemic of major proportions—dementia or intellectual impairment—that will have an impact on all aspects of the health care system, particularly on the institutional component of the long-term care system. Health professionals; federal, state, and local health planners; families; and others must recognize that many ameliorable or curable physical and emotional diseases in the elderly are associated with intellectual impairment that may be difficult to distinguish from irreversible brain disease of the Alzheimer type. We present information on the cause, Physiopathologic mechanism, clinical presentation, appropriate laboratory studies, and anticipated outcomes in the various forms of intellectual impairment found in the elderly. Important new developments will occur in the next decade that will address the cause, pathogenesis, further refinement of laboratory investigation, and specific therapeutic interventions in dementia.
ANGINA PECTORIS AND DIABETES
Authors: Morris H. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the recent paper on angina pectoris and diabetes mellitus by Drs. Root and Graybiel (The Journal, March 21) I regret the omission of the name of the late Dr. Max Kahn, who was the first to call attention and emphasize the relationship of these two conditions (The Journal, Feb. 26, 1921). He stated that a remarkable feature of the anginal attacks in these cases is that they do not occur when the sugar tolerance is not exceeded, and that a high blood sugar will frequently cause recurrence of the attacks.
Medical Apartheid
Authors: Durado D. Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The suppressive policies and practices of apartheid in South Africa have directly contributed to preventable morbidity and mortality in black Africans. Due to socioeconomic segregation ("functional apartheid"), America's citizens of color also suffer excess death and disability. Health status measurements in the United States confirm the failure of the current fragmented health care system to recognize or respond to the unmet need or the barriers that exist. Predictably, the changes needed to improve the health status of black South Africans are similar to those that are necessary to remedy the situation in the United States. Community-Oriented Primary Care is a health service provision model that holds promise as a comprehensive community-based strategy that can begin to address some of the shortcomings of the current medical care systems of both nations.
Taking a sabbatical in general practice
Authors: T. Kemple
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Assess if cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) can bring a better understanding of genetic contribution of MS pathogenesis. <h3>Background:</h3> Multiple sclerosis is an auto-immune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination and neural degeneration. It is now accepted that MS development is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. iPSCs retain genomic information from the original patient. Cerebral organoids can be derived from patient iPSCs creating an innovative tool to study neurodegenerative disorder pathogenesis, such as multiple sclerosis, with strict control of the microenvironment. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Cerebral organoids were derived from iPSCs of patients with MS. We analyzed stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in neuronal and glial lineages in MS organoids compared to healthy control organoids after 42 days in vitro. <h3>Results:</h3> First analysis of the stem cell population showed a significant lower expression of stem cell marker SOX2 in MS organoids compared to control. Stem cell proliferation capacity was assessed by Ki67 marker analysis. It revealed a significant lower Ki67 expression in MS organoids, particularly PPMS, compared to control. We then verified if stem cell differentiation capacity was also disrupted by analyzing mature neuron markers CTIP2 and TBR1 as well as oligodendrocyte marker Olig2. A significant increase of both neuronal markers was detected in PPMS organoids compared to control while a strong decrease of Olig2 expression was detected in MS organoids. Cell cycle inhibitor p21 immunostainings showed a significant reduction of p21 expression in MS samples, particularly in PPMS, suggesting that stem cell proliferation/differentiation dysregulation might be led by p21 pathway independently of the p53 mediated apoptosis pathway. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This new genetic model of MS highlighted a disruption of the cell cycle mediated by p21, leading to a disruption of the proliferation/differentiation capacity of neural progenitors in MS samples, particularly PPMS. <b>Disclosure:</b> Ms. DiCostanzo has nothing to disclose. Miss Edwards has nothing to disclose. Nicolas Daviaud has nothing to disclose.
Roflumilast enhances the renal protective effects of retinoids in an HIV-1 transgenic mouse model of rapidly progressive renal failure
Authors: Yifei Zhong, Yingwei Wu, Ruijie Liu, Yueyi Deng, Sandeep K. Mallipattu, Paul E. Klotman, Peter Y. Chuang, John C. He
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
TUBERCULOSIS IN STATE INSTITUTIONS.
Authors: H. M. BRACKEN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It will be impossible for me to give statistics bearing upon this disease, or to discuss the different methods in vogue in the various states in dealing with it. Such a course is not necessary however. It should be our purpose at the present time to discuss what seem to us the most approved methods, leaving the question as to what is actually done for consideration later. The institutions under the control of the state which demand our attention are schools, hospitals, reformatories and prisons, although we might well go further and discuss conditions in factories, workshops, stores, tenement-houses, etc. <h3>EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.</h3> Of schools there are the following: Those for children, either public or private or parochial; and the academies and colleges. Every one will concede, I presume, that tuberculous children should be excluded from the public or parochial schools for at least two reasons: 1, in order to prevent
Illicit drug use in the US holds steady, but heroin use is on rise
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Although illicit drug use in the United States has remained steady overall, there has been a sharp rise in the use of heroin over the past decade and the percentage of older Americans using illicit drugs continues to rise, a new government report has said.1

The report, an annual survey of illicit drug use conducted by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, found that 23.9 million Americans aged 12 and older, 9.2% of that population, had used an illicit drug …
No Laughing Matter
Authors: George L. Bohmfalk
Journal: JAMA (1991)

About halfway through my residency some 15 years ago, a strange and troublesome scenario began to recur. While delivering terrible news to families of patients with dismal or hopeless prognoses, I would become overwhelmed by an irrational urge to laugh. This was not merely a little feeling in my mind; this was the horribly wrong emotion in full force. My tongue bore the brunt of my efforts at control as I nearly bit it in two trying to stifle this inappropriate urge. After the first few experiences, I could usually anticipate when it would happen, but knowing that this cruel gaffe might occur was of no benefit in controlling it. The problem did not seem to depend on my feelings about the patient, whether I particularly liked him, or whether I thought I had done a good or not so good job caring for him. This was my first encounter
Proteoglycan depletion and size reduction in lesions of early grade chondromalacia of the patella.
Authors: U Vaatainen, T Hakkinen, I Kiviranta, H Jaroma, R Inkinen, M Tammi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the content and molecular size of proteoglycans (PGs) in patellar chondromalacia (CM) and control cartilages as a first step in investigating the role of matrix alterations in the pathogenesis of this disease. METHODS--Chondromalacia tissue from 10 patients was removed with a surgical knife. Using identical techniques, apparently healthy cartilage of the same site was obtained from 10 age matched cadavers (mean age 31 years in both groups). Additional pathological cartilage was collected from 67 patients with grades II-IV CM (classified according to Outerbridge) using a motorised shaver under arthroscopic control. The shaved cartilage chips were collected with a dense net from the irrigation fluid of the shaver. The content of tissue PGs was determined by Safranin O precipitation or uronic acid content, and the molecular size by mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS--The mean PG content of the CM tissue samples with a knife was dramatically reduced, being only 15% of that in controls. The cartilage chips collected from shaving operations of grades II, III, and IV CM showed a decreasing PG content: 9%, 5%, and 1% of controls, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis of PGs extracted with guanidium chloride from the shaved tissue samples suggested a significantly reduced size of aggrecans in the mild (grade II) lesions. CONCLUSION--These data show that there is already a dramatic and progressive depletion of PGs in CM grade II lesions. This explains the softening of cartilage, a typical finding in the arthroscopic examination of CM. The PG size reduction observed in grade II implicates proteolytic attack as a factor in the pathogenesis of CM.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Ann R. Punnoose, Cassio Lynm, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Hemolytic Uremic SyndromeReducing exposure to enterohemorrhagic E coli Wash hands after exposure to animal (cattle, goats, deer) or human waste.Avoid unpasteurized milk products.Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating, including those with peels.Do not drink or swim in water that might be contaminated with animal or human waste.Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat.Wash cutting boards and surfaces used to cut meat and other foods.
REHABILITATION OF EPILEPTIC SERVICE MEN
Authors: WILLIAM GORDON LENNOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

In 1940, epilepsy was the second most frequent cause for medical discharge from the army. The addition of traumatic epilepsy, as a result of combat, will greatly increase the size of the problem. In the rehabilitation of the epileptic service man, proper medical, psychological and social treatment is important. Employment is essential, but is frustrated by public ignorance and by labor compensation laws which do not permit the patient to waive his rights in the case of injuries which may result from his handicap.
Congenital Septal Aneurysm
Authors: SEYFETTIN ILGAN, T. FIKRET ILGENLI, ÖZGÜR KARAÇALIOĞLU, HAYRETTIN KARAEREN, NURI ARSLAN, HIKMET BAYHAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 25-year-old asymptomatic man underwent routine clinical examinations before entering the military service. Incidentally, echocardiography showed an aneurysm in the middle part of the interventricular septum, with considerable paradoxical motion of the aneurysmal segment. Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m tetrofosmin showed a large fixed perfusion defect in the septal wall. Coronary angiography did not show any abnormality. At the same session, contrast ventriculography showed that the aneurysm filled with contrast material. The septal aneurysm was classified as congenital, because no cause could be identified. Congenital interventricular septal aneurysms should be included in differential diagnoses in patients with fixed perfusion defects.
Induction of MesP1 by Brachyury(T) generates the common multipotent cardiovascular stem cell
Authors: Robert David, Veronica Barbara Jarsch, Florian Schwarz, Petra Nathan, Moritz Gegg, Heiko Lickert, Wolfgang-Michael Franz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Our recent work demonstrated that common cardiovascular progenitor cells are characterized and induced by the expression of the transcription factor mesoderm posterior1 (MesP1) in vertebrate embryos and murine embryonic stem cells. As the proliferative potential of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is limited, it is crucial to understand how MesP1 expression is mediated in order to achieve reasonable and reliable yields for novel stem cell-based therapeutic options. As potential upstream regulators of MesP1, we therefore analysed Eomes and Brachyury(T), which had been controversially discussed as being crucial for cardiovasculogenic lineage formation.Wild-type and transgenic murine embryonic stem cell lines, mRNA analyses, embryoid body formation, and cell sorting revealed that the MesP1 positive population emerges from the Brachyury(T) positive fraction. In situ hybridizations using wild-type mouse embryos confirmed that Brachyury(T) colocalises with MesP1 in vivo. Likewise, shRNA-based loss of Brachyury(T) causes a dramatic decrease in MesP1 expression accompanied by reduced cardiac markers in differentiating embryonic stem cells, which is reflected in vivo via in situ hybridizations using Brachyury(T) knock-out embryos where MesP1 mRNA is greatly abolished. We finally defined a 3.4 kb proximal MesP1-promoter fragment which is directly bound and activated by Brachyury(T) via a T responsive element as shown via bandshift, chromatin immuneprecipitation, and reporter assays.Our work contributes to the understanding of the earliest cardiovasculogenic events and may become an important prerequisite for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and pharmacological testing in the culture dish using pluripotent stem cell-derived as well as directly reprogrammed cardiovascular cell types.
Website of the week: Carbon monoxide
Authors: D Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This week, two editorials discuss the detection and management of carbon monoxide poisoning, which causes up to 50 deaths and a much larger number of sublethal poisonings each year in this country (pp 1082-4). The chief medical officer's letter (a trim 27 kb PDF) is a good place to start (www.doh.gov.uk/cmo/cmo98_5.htm).

There are other excellent resources on the web. Perhaps the most exhaustive (if you'll forgive me) comes from medical faculty at Wayne State University (www.phymac.med.wayne.edu/FacultyProfile/penney/COHQ/co1.htm). Its “Carbon monoxide headquarters” is a feast of links to every medical aspect of the problem, as well as a campaigning public health perspective (“Join the NEW CO Club—For Kids”). The US Consumer Product Safety Commission produces a range of materials on the problem at www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/oth_alr.html, and, as you might expect, the manufacturers of carbon monoxide detection equipment are ready with helpful fact sheets—see, for example, www.nadi.com/SAFAQco.html. Some manufacturers even allow you to order on line (www.ExitSafely.com/carbon%20monoxide%20detectors.htm).

The British Standards Institution has not been idle, setting new standards for flue gas analysers to enable the technicians who service gas equipment to do a better job (www.bsi.org.uk/bsi/corporate/news/press/standards/highp/co3.xhtml). There is also a new British standard for home carbon monoxide detectors, and at least one manufacturer makes a device that complies with it (www.ttpgroup.co.uk/ttp/COdetector.htm).

Savvy students aware of their rights for an annual CORGI (Council of Registered Gas Installers) inspection (www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/USSU/welfare/repairs.html) might push for private rented accommodation to improve also.
(37) Non-lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: M.J. Tidman, R.A.J. Eady, R.A. Marsden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (37) Non‐lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa Get access M.J. Tidman, M.J. Tidman Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London WC2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A.J. Eady, R.A.J. Eady Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London WC2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Marsden R.A. Marsden St George's Hospital, London, SW17 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13052.x Published: 01 July 1985
Prospects for Matching as an Alternative to Current Procedures in Medical-School Admissions
Authors: Norman A. Marcus, John Steward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Those involved in the admission of medical students have long debated the utility of a matching program in selecting classes from a pool of applicants. In such a program each applicant ranks the institutions to which he or she applies, and the committees on admission similarly rank all qualified applicants. A neutral agency then compiles all the information and matches each applicant to the most highly preferred institution to which admission is offered. Several passes might be required to fill all places at every institution.The advantages of such a system ensure that all classes can be filled by a . . .
Liver cell dysplasia and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a preliminary report.
Authors: M Borzio, S Bruno, M Roncalli, G C Mels, G Ramella, F Borzio, G Leandro, M Podda
Journal: BMJ (1991)

In humans the premalignant nature of liver cell dysplasia is still controversial. Only prospective studies can establish whether patients with liver cell dysplasia have an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. In 1984 we started a long term prospective study of a cohort of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. We report here the results of an interim analysis
Value of s-ACE, BAL lymphocytosis, and CD4+/CD8+ and CD103+CD4+/CD4+ T-cell ratios in diagnosis of sarcoidosis
Authors: C. Hyldgaard, S. Kaae, M. Riddervold, H.J. Hoffmann, O. Hilberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Value of s-ACE, BAL lymphocytosis, and CD4+
Imaging Helps to Identify Early Changes Associated With Huntington Disease
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemic Diarrhoea and Vomiting
Authors: G. Brown, G. J. Crawford, L. Stent
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The hospital in question is a general hospital of 1,000 beds with a nursing staff of 365, and serves a compact, densely populated industrial area.Attention in the hospital was first drawn to the outbreak on May 1, 1945, when five babies in a maternity ward, whose ages ranged from 3 to 6 days, were reported to have developed diarrhoea.The maternity ward in question ("A ") consists of 20 beds and 20 cots.It is the ground-floor ward of a block of three maternity wards, the second ward (" B ") consisting of 22 beds and 22 cots on the first floor, and the third ward (" C ") consisting of 24 beds and 24 cots directly above.These wards are separate structurally from each other, but the nursing staffs are in contact at meal- times, lecture-times, etc., and the same medical staff serves both wards.There are 10 nurses on each ward.-On inquiry it was found that two cases of diarrhoea had been admitted previously to a surgical ward as suspected acute ab- dominal conditions, but no trace could be discovered of any contact with the babies in Ward A, which was far distant from the surgical ward.The cleaner of Ward A had had some diarrhoea on April 13, 1945, and she would have beVn in the nursery as part of her normal duties, although she would have no direct contact with the babies.On May 2 the sister of Ward A and another baby developed symptoms, and on May 3 another member of the nursing staff and one of the mothers on the same ward had diarrhoea.On May 4 a third nurse, a mother, and a baby in Ward A were affected, while a baby in Ward A developed the condition.On May 5 a member of the medical staff reported an attack of diarrhoea, while a mother in Ward A and two babies in Ward B were also reported.After
Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin and specific antibody levels in twins reared apart.
Authors: P F Kohler, V J Rivera, E D Eckert, T J Bouchard, L L Heston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We studied the effect of the same genetic but different environmental factors on total immunoglobulin and specific antibody levels in twins reared apart. Sera were analyzed from 26 monozygotic (MZ) and 10 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, who were separated on average 2 mo after birth and reared apart. Total IgM, IgG, and IgA were measured by single radial diffusion. Specific antibodies of each isotype to tetanus toxoid, and to polyvalent and type 14 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were measured by a solid-phase antigen-enzyme-labeled anti-Ig immunoassay. One-way analysis of variance showed intrapair total Ig and antibody levels to be more highly correlated in MZ compared with DZ twins. Our results indicate that genetic factors are more important than environment in regulating these humoral immune responses.
Endoscopic Band Ligation for Dieulafoy Lesions: Disadvantages and Risks
Authors: H.-H. Yen, Y.-Y. Chen
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We read with interest the article by Valera et al. [1] describing endoscopic band ligation (EBL) as the best therapeutic strategy for bleeding Dieulafoy lesions. The authors report on their successful experience in treating four such patients. We agree with the authors that EBL is especially useful when the esophagogastric junction or the posterior wall of the proximal body of the stomach are involved. However, EBL also has some disadvantages that the authors do not mention in the article.
Rapid and Differential Regulation of AMPA and Kainate Receptors at Hippocampal Mossy Fibre Synapses by PICK1 and GRIP
Authors: Hélène Hirbec, Joanna C Francis, Sari E Lauri, Steven P Braithwaite, Françoise Coussen, Christophe Mulle, Kumlesh K Dev, Victoria Couthino, Guido Meyer, John T.R Isaac, Graham L Collingridge, Jeremy M Henley
Journal: Neuron (2003)