tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug companies told that sponsoring patients' groups might help win approval for their products
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Next year's pay rises for doctors should be 2% or less 116, 218Pay rises for doctors and other healthcare staff in Britain should not be above 2% next year, the government said last week.The chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, used his pre-budget report to urge restraint on pay increases so that inflation stays around 2%.Mr Brown said that the health secretary, Patricia Hewitt, would be asking for a 2% rise in her evidence to the various pay review bodies for NHS staff.Ms Hewitt is due to give oral evidence to the Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration next week in line with Mr Brown's wishes.Mr Brown, in his pre-budget report this week, described the current year as "the toughest and most challenging year for the economy" but was confident that inflation was on course to meet its 2% target this year, next year, and the year after that.The BMA, however, is seeking a 4.5% increase in doctors' pay for next year.
The Complex Process of Naming Drugs
Authors: Linda Gundersen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 October 1998The Complex Process of Naming DrugsLinda GundersenLinda GundersenSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00042 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Naming prescription and over-the-counter drugs is a painstaking process. Every drug receives three distinct names: the chemical name, the generic (or nonproprietary) name, and the brand (or proprietary or trademark) name. Distinctly separate processes are involved in establishing each name; and although the three names exist partially to avoid confusion, sometimes unfortunately they create it.Chemical NameThe chemical name specifies the molecular structure of the drug and is used primarily by researchers. A drug's chemical name is long and usually difficult to pronounce and remember; consumers, physicians, and pharmacists are therefore better served by referring to the drug's generic ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Linda Gundersen PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUsing the Stems of Drug Names to Simplify the Prescribing of Cardiovascular DrugsThe malleable effect of name fluency on pharmaceutical drug perceptionDu sildenafil citrate au Viagra® ou l’art délicat de nommer les médicamentsDevelopment therapeuticsWhy Is It Called That? Tongue-Twisting TaxonomyMisspellings in drug information system queries: Characteristics of drug name spelling errors and strategies for their preventionThe long road of biopharmaceutical drug development: from inception to marketingPhysician Use of Brand Versus Generic Drug Names in 1993–1994 and 2003-2004Chemotherapy as language: Sound symbolism in cancer medication namesWhat's in a Drug Name?Placebos, Placebo Effect, and the Response to the Healing Situation: The Evolution of a Concept 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 677-678KeywordsDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationHealth careHealth care providersHeart failureIntensive care unitsMedical educationPharmacistsSodium chlorideUnited States pharmacopeia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding.
Authors: B. J. Moran, H. T. Khawaja
Journal: BMJ (1992)

a conserved breast, although the definition of local recurrence does depend on the extent and meticulousness of histopathological examination.Wide excision to ensure clear margins certainly compromises cosmetic results, particularly in small breasts, and the relative importance of cosmesis and local recurrence needs to be determined for each patient.Adequate radiotherapy minimises the risk of local recurrence, and if there is local recurrence survival does not seem to be affected adversely.The effect of a booster dose of radiation in relation to completeness of excision is currently the subject of a clinical trial by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment ofCancer.
REFERENCE CORONARY FLOW VELOCITY RESERVE DETERMINED AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR A FIRST ACUTE ANTERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF CARDIAC MORTALITY AT LONG TERM FOLLOW UP
Authors: Tim P. van de Hoef, Matthijs Bax, Martijn Meuwissen, Peter Damman, Ronak Delewi, Robbert de Winter, Karel Th Koch, Carl Schotborgh, Jos&eacute; Henriques, Jan Tijssen, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
WHITE BLOOD CELL CHANGES IN CLINICAL DISORDERS
Authors: John S. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1952)

It is the purpose of this presentation to call attention to some of the significant changes that occur in the white blood cells in certain clinical disorders. The variations under consideration are numerical, morphological, and histochemical. It should be clearly understood that we feel the general clinical picture is much more important in diseased conditions than variations that may occur in the white blood cells. These changes constitute only one component of the total data. We have been concerned, at times, with the tremendous emphasis given to white blood cells in the interpretation and diagnosis of pathological states. While it is true that variations may be found in the white blood cell picture in many clinical disorders, it is equally true that knowledge of the white blood cell findings is not necessary in order to establish a diagnosis in the majority of them. Further, erroneous diagnoses may result from placing
Carotid Angiograms—Value and Hazards
Authors: Stuart N. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALTHOUGH the procedure of angiography was suggested as early as 1927 by Moniz, it was not widely used in this country for almost 20 years. During the past 10 or 12 years widespread adoption of this diagnostic measure has occurred, but, surprisingly, few studies of large series of angiograms have been carried out, particularly with the use of the contrast material sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque sodium). For these reasons we have recently reviewed over 500 angiographic procedures, with particular reference to the accuracy of the procedures and the risks involved. The material consists of 540 carotid angiograms carried out on 456 patients during the past 3 years; that is, from 1956 to 1959, at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital and the Presbyterian Hospital of Pittsburgh. Of these, 537 were percutaneous; 3 were open angiograms. In all, 50% diatrizoate was used, in amounts varying from 16 to 120 cc. at a single session.
Physicians eager to do Olympics duty
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Cluster of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated American Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: Susan C. Judson, Werner Henle, Gertrude Henle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We investigated four patients in whom histologically confirmed Burkitt's lymphomas developed during a one-year period. They were young adults living within 50 km of each other in a rural area of Pennsylvania. Two patients were related by marriage, but there was no contact with or between the other two. Although the majority of American Burkitt's lymphomas are not associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, all four patients showed spectra and titers of antibodies to antigens related to that virus that were characteristic of virus-associated Burkitt's lymphoma in Africa. Viral DNA and numerous cells with virus-determined nuclear antigen were found in tumor specimens available from three patients. These cases are unusual, since time-space clustering of Burkitt's lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus has been observed thus far only in Africa.
Simultaneous 18F-FDOPA PET/CT-Guided Biopsy and Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Neuroendocrine Hepatic Metastasis
Authors: Alessio Imperiale, Julien Garnon, Philippe Bachellier, Afshin Gangi, Izzie Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

PET/CT-guided biopsy may be useful to confirm the metabolic findings when conventional imaging fails to show morphological abnormalities. Herein, we report the results of simultaneous F-FDOPA (fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine) PET/CT-guided biopsy and RFA (radiofrequency ablation) in 1 patient with hepatic metastatic evolution of a well-differentiated ileal neuroendocrine tumor. Beyond FDG, FDOPA could be successfully recommended in patients with neuroendocrine tumor for planning PET/CT-guided diagnostic biopsy, ablative treatment, and immediate efficacy assessment in a 1-step examination.
Mucus glycoprotein secretion by tracheal explants: effects of pollutants.
Authors: J A Last, T Kaizu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Tracheal slices incubated with radioactive precursors in tissue culture medium secrete labeled mucus glycoproteins into the culture medium. We have used an in vivtro approach, a combined method utilizing exposure to pneumotoxins in vivo coupled with quantitation of mucus secretion rates in vitro, to study the effects of inhaled pollutants on mucus biosynthesis by rat airways. In addition, we have purified the mucus glycoproteins secreted by rat tracheal explants in order to determine putative structural changes that might by the basis for the observed augmented secretion rates after exposure of rats to H2SO4 aerosols in combination with high ambient levels of ozone. After digestion with papain, mucus glycoproteins secreted by tracheal explants may be separated into five fractions by ion-exchange chromatography, with recovery in high yield, on columns of DEAE-cellulose. Each of these five fractions, one neutral and four acidic, migrates as a single unique spot upon cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH values of 8.6 and 1.2. The neutral fraction, which is labeled with [3H] glucosamine, does not contain radioactivity when Na2 35SO4 is used as the precursor. Acidic fractions I-IV are all labeled with either 3H-glucosamine or Na2 35SO4 as precursor. Acidic fraction II contains sialic acid as the terminal sugar on its oligosaccharide side chains, based upon its chromatographic behavior on columns of wheat-germ agglutinin-Agarose. Treatment of this fraction with neuraminidase shifts its elution position in the gradient to a lower salt concentration, coincident with acidic fraction I. After removal of terminal sialic acid residues with either neuraminidase or low pH treatment, the resultant terminal sugar on the oligosaccharide side chains is fucose. These results are identical with those observed with mucus glycoproteins secreted by cultured human tracheal explants and purified by these same techniques.
The prevalence of skin conditions in Romanian school children
Authors: R Popescu, C M Popescu, H C Williams, D Forsea
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article The prevalence of skin conditions in Romanian school children Get access R Popescu, R Popescu Universitatea de Medicinăşi Farmacie Carol Davila, Clinica I Dermatologie, Spitalul N.Gh. Lupu, Şos. Ştefan Cel Mare 21–23, Bucharest, Romania, Dr Raluca Popescu, E‐mail: rpopescu@ottonel.pub.ro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C M Popescu, C M Popescu Universitatea de Medicinăşi Farmacie Carol Davila, Clinica I Dermatologie, Spitalul N.Gh. Lupu, Şos. Ştefan Cel Mare 21–23, Bucharest, Romania, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H C Williams, H C Williams Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Forsea D Forsea Universitatea de Medicinăşi Farmacie Carol Davila, Clinica I Dermatologie, Spitalul N.Gh. Lupu, Şos. Ştefan Cel Mare 21–23, Bucharest, Romania, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 891–896, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02821.x Published: 01 May 1999
Reduced Decrease of Peripheral Vascular Resistance During Exercise in Young Type I Diabetic Patients
Authors: Dirk Matthys, Margaretha Craen, Daniel De Wolf, Johan Vande Walle, Henri Verhaaren
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE In normal subjects, peripheral vascular resistance decreases during dynamic exercise. We studied blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance responses to dynamic exercise in young normotensive type I diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty adolescent diabetic patients (9–19 years of age) underwent a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In a subset of 14 patients, cardiac output was measured by a CO2 rebreathing method and peripheral vascular resistance was calculated. Twenty-four normal individuals, age and sex matched, served as control subjects. RESULTS Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in diabetic patients at intermediate workload (77 ± 2 vs. 71 ± 1 mmHg) and peak exercise (86 ± 2 vs. 73 ± 2 mmHg). Peripheral vascular resistance was significantly higher in diabetic patients at intermediate workload (17.0 ± 1.1 vs. 12.6 ± 0.5 mmHg·l−1 · min−1 · m−2) and peak exercise (16.3 ± 1.3 vs. 11.4 ± 0.5 mmHg ·l−1 · min−1 · m−2). There were no significant correlations with the patient's age, diabetes duration, or diabetes control. CONCLUSIONS We observed the decrease of vasodilator response during dynamic exercise in normotensive young type I diabetic patients.
Influence of dietary calcium phosphate on the disposition of bilirubin in rats with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: C N Van Der Veere, B Schoemaker, C Bakker, R Van Der Meer, P L Jansen, R P Elferink
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aim of this study was to test a possible form of therapy that could be used in the management of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. We hypothesized that unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) can permeate the intestinal wall and can thus be secreted with the feces. We have previously observed that UCB binds to amorphous calcium phosphate in vitro . Orally ingested amorphous calcium phosphate may act as a trapping agent for bilirubin in the intestine, thereby preventing back– diffusion across the intestinal wall. In this study, we tested whether feeding calcium phosphate leads to enhanced excretion of unconjugated bilirubin in Gunn rats. When a purified control diet was substituted by a high calcium phosphate diet, a decrease in bilirubin levels of 30% to 50% in male Gunn rats and of 23% in female rats was observed. The fecal output of bilirubin was more than doubled in Gunn rats in the first 3 days after the normal diet had been replaced by the high calcium– phosphate diet. The biological half–life of 3H–labeled bilirubin in blood was 89.8 +/– 17.2 hours in rats fed the purified control diet and 50.9 +/– 1.4 hours in rats fed the high calcium phosphate diet ( P = .004). After 30 weeks, plasma bilirubin levels were still significantly lower in Gunn rats fed a high calcium phosphate diet. No differences were found in plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine in both Gunn rats and Wistar rats on control or high calcium phosphate diets. This therapy might be useful in the management of Crigler–Najjar patients, for example, as an adjunct to phototherapy.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Macrophage Transplantation
Authors: Claire M. Doerschuk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the diminished expression or function of the receptor of the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Studies of mouse models suggest that an approach using transplanted macrophages could be an effective treatment.
Direct Medical Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in Hie U.S.
Authors: Judith A O'Brien, Lori A Shomphe, Patricia L Kavanagh, Gabriel Raggio, J Jaime Caro
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To estimate direct medical costs of managing the complications of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Costs were estimated for 15 diabetic complications by applying unit costs to typical resource-use profiles. Resource use and unit costs were estimated from many sources, including acute care discharge databases, clinical guidelines, government reports, fee schedules, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs are those associated with resource use that is specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the 1st year. State costs are the annual costs of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 U.S. dollars. RESULTS As expected, the more severe or debilitating events, such as acute myocardial infarction ($27,630 event cost; $2,185 state cost), generate a greater financial burden than do early-stage complications, such as microalbuminuria ($62 event cost; $14 state cost). Yet, complications that are initially relatively low in cost (e.g., microalbuminuria) can progress to more costly advanced stages (e.g., end-stage renal disease, $53,659 state cost); therefore, minor complications should also be considered in any economic analysis of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The recent literature has lacked cost estimates that may be readily translated into patient-level cost inputs for an economic model. Emerging therapies that may reduce the incidence of some diabetic complications will need to be scrutinized economically in today's cost-conscious environment. The cost estimates from this study provide one piece of the economic analysis needed to evaluate these new interventional therapies.
"Closed shop" of NHS is choking attempts to create a meaningful market, says think tank
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>AIM</b>: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of a validated and specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for ILD patients: the King9s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD). <b>METHODS:</b> Prospective study developed during 2013 in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain. 6 ILD patients accepted to participate. K-BILD contains 15 items in three domains. Forward translation is the first step: two bilingual translators, whose mother tongue is Spanish, produced two independent translations. Translator 1 is aware of the concepts examined in the questionnaire and Translator 2 has no medical background. Consensus version is the second step: it is produced after a meticulous analysis of the two translations. Afterward, two back translations are built independently by two English mother tongue translators. None is aware of the concept explored. After that, a cross-cultural analysis of the back translations versus the original questionnaire is done to minimize bias. Finally, an expert committee reviewed the final version to analyse the semantical, idiomatic and cultural equivalence between English and Spanish version of the questionnaire. The 6 patients completed the Final Spanish Version. <b>RESULTS:</b> There were the following minor problems: - Item 5: Interpretation dilemma in 5 patients. - Item 6 : the expression “down in the dumps” was complex to translate, in order to let patients understand. - Item 7: 3 patients reported problems to answer because the term “air hunger” does not present an equivalent in Spanish. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Our Spanish Version of the K-BILD questionnaire is understood by ILD patients. Future studies are required to complete the validation.
Plasma Turbidity Changes and Electrocardiographic Alterations Induced by Alimentary Hyperlipemia in Anginal Patients before and after the Administration of Gastric Mucin
Authors: VINCENZO RULLI, BALDO ROSSI
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The hyperlipemia induced by a fat meal in anginal patients is frequently associated with clinical and electrocardiographic changes suggesting transient coronary insufficiency. Gastric mucin administered to 10 anginal patients at the same time as a fat meal invariably prevented the hyperlipemia, evaluated as increase of plasma optical density, and in one half of the cases it reduced the magnitude of the electrocardiographic changes as compared with the changes found in control experiments. Gastric mucin therefore exerts a powerful antilipemic and clearing action. Its inhibitory effect on the electrocardiographic changes associated with alimentary hyperlipemia is less evident than that of heparin.
Domiciliary Family Planning Service
Authors: E. Christopher
Journal: BMJ (1972)

prophylactic regimen (which entails per- operative intermittent calf compression only) should produce a reduction in the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis of 82%, while the regimen used by Mr. Hills and his colleagues (which covers the pre- operative, peroperative, and postoperative periods) should produce an overall reduction of only 60%.Direct comparison between the two trials is difficult, but Mr. Hills's comments on the effects of malignancy prompted us to re- examine our figures.In our admittedly small series, intermittent calf compression did pro- duce a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative D.V.T. in patients with and without malignant disease (see Table).o D.V.T. 1Total Incid- 0..T D.nTcTta Evidence of Malignancy= 8 Control .. 6 2 8 25%' Treated 8 0 8 0% Non-malignant= 31 Control 21 10 31 32-2% Treated 29 2 31 64%This apparent difference may, we feel, be explained by a study which we recently con- ducted into haemodynamic effects of the compression device used by Mr. Hills and his colleagues.In a series of four patients we assessed the haemodynamic effects of this device using the procedure that we had used in our previous investigation.2Our results3 revealed that because the device uses a much slower compression rate than our own, its effects on flow are less dramatic.We would suggest that we were able to achieve a greater reduction in the incidence of post- operative thrombi because our device has a far more pronounced effect on the haemo- dynamics of the situation.For example, whereas Mr. Hills's device can increase the peak femoral vein flow by 75 %, our's is capable of increasing it by 700%.We are, however, well aware of the limitations of our comparatively small clinical trial, and are currently engaged in a much larger trial in order to test our hypothesis.-Weare, etc.