tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Edema Following Direct Current Cardioversion for Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: Jack Budow
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Three patients developed acute pulmonary edema shortly after direct current cardioversion for atrail arrhythmias. All patients had marked left ventricular enlargement and evidence of left ventricular failure prior to cardioversion. Each patient received a single low-intensity shock. Two patients recovered, but the third failed to respond to intensive medical treatment for pulmonary edema, and death resulted. Cardioversion may result in critical depression of left ventricular function and may not be indicated for the treatment of atrial arrhythmias in the presence of severe disease of the left ventricle.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Carbohydrate Feedings
Authors: Marcia Erbland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1986Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Carbohydrate FeedingsMARCIA ERBLAND, M.D.MARCIA ERBLAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-889_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the December issue, Angelillo and colleagues (1) reported the results of their study of high and low carbohydrate feedings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concluded that a low carbohydrate, high fat diet may be beneficial in such patients. In view of their methods and data, however, the validity of their results is questionable. Their conclusions were based, in part, on serial measurements of CO2production, O2consumption, and the respiratory quotient. The timing of these measurements in relation to meals or physical activity is crucial to interpretation of the data. Whether a patient...References1. ANGELILLOBEDIDURFEEDAHLPATTERSONO'DONOHUE VSDJAW. Effects of low and high carbohydrate feedings in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic hypercapnia. Ann Intern Med. 1986;103(6 pt 1):883-5. Google Scholar2. FLATT J. The Biochemistry of Energy Expenditure: Recent Advances in Obesity Research. Vol. 2. London: Newman; 1978:211-28. Google Scholar3. WILSONROGERSHOFFMAN DRR. Nutrition and chronic lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;132:1347-65. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. ANGELILLO V. High carbohydrate diets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:591. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARCIA ERBLAND, M.D.Affiliations: John L. McClellan Veterans Administration Hospital and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1986Volume 104, Issue 6Page: 889-890KeywordsCarbohydratesChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDietExerciseFats ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ascites From Polyserositis in Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: A. Balcells-Gorina
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Periarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a disease with polymorphic expression. This brief report is to illustrate a case of PAN manifested as polyserositis. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 26-year-old man with a daily ethanol intake of 100 g for six years was admitted to the hospital for a two-month illness consisting of anorexia, fatigue, weight loss, and an increase of abdominal girth. He had free ascitic fluid, clubbing of the fingers, and bilateral Dupuytren's contracture. A pleural rub was noted in the right subcapsular area. Heart sounds, arterial pulses, and blood pressure were normal. The abnormal laboratory results were a sedimentation rate of 92 mm/hr, a WBC count of 15,800/cu mm, and an alkaline phosphatase level of 147 mU/mL (normal, up to 90 mU/mL). There was no proteinuria. Antinuclear antibodies, lupus erythematosus cell phenomenon, and hepatitis B surface antigen were normal. Complement measurements were normal. A PPD test
Age should not determine treatment for anaemia in kidney disease
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Age should not determine whether or not patients are treated for anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease, recommends a guideline published last week.

Anaemia is important because it contributes significantly to the heavy burden of symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease, the guideline warns, even though kidney disease is not the most common cause of anaemia. In the United Kingdom around 100 000 people currently have anaemia of chronic kidney disease.

The guideline was developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that advises on use of treatments by the NHS in England and Wales, and the National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, a multi-professional centre that helps develop clinical guidance for the NHS. The guideline argues that the condition deserves more attention because it is potentially reversible with the appropriate treatment, including erythropoietin. Erythopoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the formation …
Prevention of Nephrotoxicity Induced by Radiocontrast Agents
Authors: Brendan J. Barrett, Patrick S. Parfrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The intravascular administration of iodinated contrast agents is part of many diagnostic and therapeutic radiologic procedures. Since these agents have no therapeutic value, it is important that they be safe. The contrast agents that have been in use for many years have a high osmolality and are ionic, and their administration has been associated with anaphylactoid events, cardiovascular instability, and nephrotoxicity. Recently, low-osmolality contrast agents, ionic and nonionic, have been introduced to reduce the incidence of side effects.Nephrotoxicity caused by contrast agents is usually identified clinically by an increase in the serum creatinine concentration. In many studies, the condition . . .
GSK plans expansion in China despite bribery allegations
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In the wake of the bribery scandal engulfing GlaxoSmithKline in China, chief executive officer Andrew Witty has said that the company remains committed to operating there, and may introduce tiered pricing, as it has in other developing regions such as Africa.

At a press conference on 24 July, Witty largely reiterated what had previously been said in public statements from the company regarding the allegations by the Chinese authorities that four of its senior staff in China had been engaged in widespread fraud.1

Witty said, “To …
Tumor necrosis factor- alpha production to lipopolysaccharide stimulation by donor cells predicts the severity of experimental acute graft-versus-host disease.
Authors: K R Cooke, G R Hill, J M Crawford, D Bungard, Y S Brinson, J Delmonte, J L Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Donor T cell responses to host alloantigen are known predictors for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); however, the effect of donor responsiveness to an inflammatory stimulus such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on GVHD severity has not been investigated. To examine this, we used mouse strains that differ in their sensitivity to LPS as donors in an experimental bone marrow transplant (BMT) system. Lethally irradiated (C3FeB6)F1 hosts received BMT from either LPS-sensitive (LPS-s) C3Heb/Fej, or LPS-resistant (LPS-r) C3H/ Hej donors. Mice receiving LPS-r BMT developed significantly less GVHD as measured by mortality and clinical score compared with recipients of LPS-s BMT, a finding that was associated with significant decreases in intestinal histopathology and serum LPS and TNF-alpha levels. When donor T cell responses to host antigens were measured, no differences in proliferation, serum IFN-gamma levels, splenic T cell expansion, or CTL activity were observed after LPS-r or LPS-s BMT. Systemic neutralization of TNF-alpha from day -2 to +6 resulted in decreased intestinal pathology, and serum LPS levels and increased survival after BMT compared with control mice receiving Ig. We conclude that donor resistance to endotoxin reduces the development of acute GVHD by attenuating early intestinal damage mediated by TNFalpha. These data suggest that the responsiveness of donor accessory cells to LPS may be an important risk factor for acute GVHD severity independent of T cell responses to host antigens.
Financing long-term care. A proposal by the American College of Physicians and the American Geriatrics Society
Authors: J. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE United States is poised on an ethical precipice as it deliberates health system reform. As the debate continues about revolutionary changes in the organization and financing of health care, the following dilemma arises: can the long-term care needs of the chronically ill and disabled be included, without dooming the reform itself to political and financial failure?  In 1991, the United States spent $59.9 billion on nursing home care (about 8% of total health care expenditures)1and $9.8 billion (1% of national health spending) on formal home health services (services provided by non-facility-based agencies). The reluctance to include long-term care in health system reform stems not from the magnitude of present expenditures, but rather from the anticipation of rapidly rising expenditures in the foreseeable future. Home health care is the fastest growing component of personal health care spending, having risen sevenfold in the last decade and 29% from 1990
Four in 10 deaths among young people worldwide from injuries, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The first study into global deaths among 10-24 years olds has found that 2.6 million children and young people died in 2004, two in five of them from injuries and violence ( Lancet 2009,374:881-92, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60741-8). The findings call into question the focus of worldwide child health policies, which prioritise HIV/AIDS and maternal mortality, say the authors .

Most deaths (2.56 million or 97%) among children and young people occurred in poor and middle income countries, two thirds of them (1.67 million) in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia, despite these regions containing just 42% of the juvenile population, the study found. High income countries had only 3% of the deaths, despite having 11% of the population in the age range studied.

The study found that the risk of dying between the ages …
Joseph Rodman Drake, M.D., Physician and Poet
Authors: LOUIS H. RODDIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 February 1929Joseph Rodman Drake, M.D., Physician and PoetLOUIS H. RODDIS, M.C.LOUIS H. RODDIS, M.C.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-8-822 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn a number of occasions Sir William Osler called attention to the considerable number of physicians who have been eminent as men of letters. The list includes the names of Rabelais, Keats, Crabbe, Goldsmith, Garth, Arbuthnot, Akenside, Sir Thomas Browne, Smollet and Oliver Wendell Holmes. Among the ancient writers is St. Luke whose contribution to the New Testament has been called the most beautiful book of the Bible. Dr. Osler also points out how infrequently distinction has been attained in both medicine and literature, Holmes being the most notable exception, as in addition to taking high rank as a poet... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LOUIS H. RODDIS, M.C.Affiliations: U. S. Navy Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1929Volume 2, Issue 8Page: 822-826 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
What's a Joint Like That Doing on a Nice Girl Like You?
Authors: Andrea Dlesk
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Dr Ehrlich's1discussion of Frans Hals'Portrait of an Elderly Ladyon the cover of the Feb 20 issue was most enjoyable. As a rheumatologist, however, I would take issue with his diagnosis of interphalangeal osteoarthritis in this woman. She clearly has metacarpophalangeal joint involvement with ulnar deviation in the left hand, as well as some degree of proximal interphalangeal joint disease. There are either subcutaneous nodules or synovial cysts over the third and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints. In addition, the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right index finger appears somewhat reddened and swollen. In this hand, too, there is metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint arthropathy.  In short, this woman has symmetric inflammatory polyarthropathy primarily affecting the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands, in association with subcutaneous nodules. The most likely diagnosis for this patient, then, would be rheumatoid arthritis. Another possibility would be polyarticular
Abstract 1790: Mutagenic effects of inorganic particulate matter on Raji and HepG2 cell lines exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Authors: Michael Xiao, Atif El-Naggar, Albert V. Helsing, Philip M. Lynch, Melissa M. Alegre, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have correlated exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated particulate matter with cardiovascular, respiratory, and malignant lung diseases. This study investigated the DNA damage induced by two major inorganic particulate matter compounds found in diesel exhaust, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate on Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. We found a dose-dependent positive correlation of accumulated DNA damage in concentrations of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate (25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml) with ultraviolet exposure (250 J/m2, 400 J/m2, 600 J/m2, 850 J/m2), as measured by the Comet Assay in both cell lines. There was a significant difference between the treated ammonium nitrate samples and negative control samples in Raji and HepG2 (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Apoptosis was shown in Raji and HepG2 cells when exposed to high concentrations of ammonium nitrate (200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml) for 1 hour in samples without ultraviolet exposure, as assessed by the Comet Assay. However, the quantity of apoptotic cells greatly diminished after ultraviolet exposure at these concentrations. To further investigate and clarify the underlying mechanisms, we used Annexin V to quantify apoptosis. Flow Cytometry confirmed the results shown by the Comet Assay; ultraviolet exposure diminished apoptosis in ammonium nitrate-induced DNA damage in both Raji and HepG2. Ammonium sulfate induced DNA damage with or without ultraviolet influence was minimal as assessed by the Comet Assay in both cell lines, with a significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.05) between the treated and negative control samples. These results indicate that the inorganic particulate compound, ammonium nitrate, induced DNA strand breaks at all concentrations and apoptosis at high concentrations in Raji and HepG2 cells, with ultraviolet radiation preventing apoptosis at high concentrations. We hypothesize that ultraviolet radiation inhibits an essential cellular mechanism, possibly involving p53, thereby explaining this phenomenon. Further studies are necessary to characterize the roles of apoptosis inhibition in DNA damage caused by inorganic particulate matter. Citation Format: Michael Xiao, Atif El-Naggar, Albert V. Helsing, Philip M. Lynch, Melissa M. Alegre, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill. Mutagenic effects of inorganic particulate matter on Raji and HepG2 cell lines exposed to ultraviolet radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1790. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1790
Nature of Samuel Pepys's "wind colic".
Authors: C Newman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The abdominal trouble that is most commonly referred to in Pepys's Diary is what he called "the wind colic."This is generally thought to have been renal colic because (a) he was found at necropsy to have a nest of stones in his left kidney, (b) he passed stones after attacks of colic at least once, and (c) he had had the famous operation for stone in the bladder just before the start of the Diary.No details are known of the precise nature of the operation, and nothing has been published in the way of critical speculation about it.He was naturally in constant dread of a recurrence, and consequently paid great attention to pains in the lower abdomen.His pains were of several different kinds.
Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: S. Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Anderson's stimulating article on "Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease" (224:336, 1973) saved me considerable work, for only a few weeks ago I had thought of reviewing available mortality data in order to confirm the suspicion detailed in the next paragraph. I believe that in 1920 the only treatments for ischemic heart disease in use that have survived to date are morphine, nitrites, epinephrine, quinidine, xanthines, mercurial diuretics, oxygen, digitalis, and phlebotomy. Then came the organic nitrates, pericardial poudrage, cervical sympathectomy, internal mammary artery ligations, digoxin, procainamide, cardiac catheterization, awareness of lipids and cholesterol and prudent diets, antismoking campaigns, pressor amines, antihypertensive drugs, intensive and then coronary care units, myocardial arterial implants, electroconversion, central venous pressure, cardiac pacing, propranolol, lidocaine, heart transplant, infarctectomy, and coronary bypass surgery. Despite these hailed advances, the mortality curve has escalated without a discernible ripple. This most discouraging and sobering observation serves
Updated Hodgkin's disease: B. Curability of localized disease. Prognostic influences and radiation therapy according to pattern of disease
Authors: M. V. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Developments during the past decade have helped to solve some clinical mysteries and have allowed a more thoughtful approach in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Better information is now available on established prognostic influences, and new prognostic influences have been revealed. Certain specific patterns of disease have emerged from recent studies in clinical presentation. These were made possible by more complete clinical assessment of patients at the time of diagnosis than was done previously. The purpose of this communication is to review prognostic influences, applying them to our own experiences when possible, and to show the evolution of recognized patterns of disease. The favorable and unfavorable features of each clinical pattern of Hodgkin's disease will be discussed. Finally, a treatment plan will be proposed according to the pattern and extent of disease. <h3>Population Studied.—</h3> The major prognostic influences will be shown in an analysis of 1,131 successive, previously untreated patients
THE PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN NORMAL ALBINO RATS AND THE EFFECT THEREON OF EPINEPHRINE
Authors: F. J. C. Smith, Granville A. Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. A satisfactory method for the direct determination of the pulmonary arterial pressure in rats is described. 2. The arithmetical mean of the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery in a series of thirty-four normal albino rats under nembutal anesthesia is 256 mm. H(2)0 (18.8 mm. Hg). 3. Intravenous epinephrine causes an abrupt but briefly sustained rise in the pulmonary arterial pressure with a gradual return to normal.
Extensive Bowel Infarction
Authors: Janice Cheng, Girish Pande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain that had been increasing over the previous week and hematemesis and melena that had begun in the preceding 12 hours. He had drunk 36 alcoholic drinks per day for 20 years and had been on a binge for the 2 days preceding his admission. On presentation, he was in clinical shock, with an unrecordable blood pressure and a heart rate of 117 beats per minute. He had acidosis (blood pH, 7.27), coagulopathy (international normalized ratio, 1.3), and acute renal failure (ratio of blood urea nitrogen [millimoles per liter] to . . .
Gamma/delta T cell clones and natural killer cell clones mediate distinct patterns of non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytolysis.
Authors: P Fisch, M Malkovsky, E Braakman, E Sturm, R L Bolhuis, A Prieve, J A Sosman, V A Lam, P M Sondel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Non-MHC-restricted killer cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that can mediate cytolysis of most tumor targets without apparent selectivity and restriction by the MHC, particularly when activated with IL-2. These effector cells include predominantly NK cells and T cells expressing the TCR-gamma/delta. We found that TCR-gamma/delta-1+, delta TSC1-, BB3+, Ti gamma A+ T cell clones mediate a characteristic cytolytic pattern of non-MHC-restricted cytolysis that is markedly different from NK clones and alpha/beta T cell clones derived from the peripheral blood of the same normal individuals. The characteristic finding is that all BB3/Ti gamma A+ gamma/delta clones mediate strong cytolysis of Daudi cells but they do not lyse Raji cells. In contrast, NK clones from the same donors mediate strong cytolysis of both Daudi and Raji targets. Cytotoxicity by the gamma/delta clones on certain target cells such as Daudi and Molt 4 can be specifically inhibited by mAbs reactive against the TCR-gamma/delta. Therefore, the TCR-gamma/delta on these clones either directly recognizes target epitopes on some tumor targets or it is involved in the regulation of their cytotoxic function. The expression of TCR-gamma/delta products reacting with the BB3 and Ti gamma A mAbs reflects the usage of identical TCR-gamma/delta V region genes that appear to be associated with the characteristic pattern of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity displayed by this major subset of human peripheral blood gamma/delta cells.
Transforming growth factor beta 2 in epithelial differentiation of developing teeth and odontogenic tumors.
Authors: K Heikinheimo, R P Happonen, P J Miettinen, O Ritvos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Dysregulation of TGF beta 2, a modulator of cell growth and differentiation, can result in uncontrolled growth and tumor formation. Our comparative studies on the expression of TGF beta 2 mRNA and protein indicate that TGF beta 2 may primarily be a regulator of epithelial differentiation during tooth development (between 13 and 20 gestational wk) and tumorigenesis of odontogenic neoplasms. A paracrine mode of action for TGF beta 2 in early human tooth germ (cap/early bell stage) is suggested by location of mRNA in the mesenchyme surrounding the tooth germ, whereas protein is found in the epithelial dental lamina and enamel organ. During the late bell stage, TGF beta 2 gene expression shifted from the mesenchyme to the odontogenic epithelium and was colocalized with protein, suggesting an autocrine role for the terminal differentiation of ameloblasts. In odontogenic tumors of epithelial origin (ameloblastomas) and epithelial-ectomesencymal origin (ameloblastic fibromas), TGF beta 2 mRNA was mostly located in the mesenchymal tumor component and protein in the epithelial tumor component. Odontogenic ectomesenchymal tumors (myxomas) were not associated with TGF beta 2 mRNA and protein expression. The results imply that TGF beta 2 may play an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in human tooth morphogenesis and development of odontogenic tumors.