tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Data on Psychotropic Use by Children
Authors: David Rubin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Agranulocytosis Due to Mepazine (Phenothiazine)
Authors: John M. Fiore, Francis M. Noonan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE recent introduction of the phenothiazine drugs and their widespread acceptance as ataraxic agents has resulted in an ever-increasing number of reports of agranulocytosis as a complication. The continuous addition of new ataraxics, with minor structural changes but chemically related to the phenothiazines, has further complicated the problem of agranulocytosis. The physician is often lulled into a false sense of security with the addition of each new drug, and the dreaded complication of blood dyscrasia is all too often forgotten or minimized.Of the following 3 cases of agranulocytosis due to one of the more recently introduced tranquilizing drugs, mepazine . . .
Interference of New Penicillins and Cephalosporins with Urine Glucose Monitoring Tests
Authors: Jack D McCue, Peter Gal, Robert C Pearson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The possibility that three new penicillins (mezlocillin, pipericillin, and azlocillin) and two new cephalosporins (ceftazidime and cefoperazone) might give false positive urine glucose testing results was studied. High and low concentrations of antibiotics were dissolved in urine and tested with Clinitest (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana) and Tes-Tape (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana) at four different concentrations of glucose. None of the antibiotics interfered with the accuracy of Tes-Tape readings. All antibiotics interfered with Clinitest readings; the greatest interference was noted at high concentrations of antibiotics and low concentrations of glucose, and with the two cephalosporins. A summary of all reported cephalosporin interactions with Clinitest urine glucose testing is included.
Insulin Resistance and Body Fat Distribution: Contribution of visceral fat accumulation to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis
Authors: Shizuya Yamashita, Tadashi Nakamura, Lichiro Shimomura, Makoto Nishida, Shingo Yoshida, Kazuaki Kotani, Kaoru Kameda-Takemuara, Katsuto Tokunaga, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

Body fat distribution can be assessed by computed tomography (CT). The ratio of umbilicus was used to classify obese subjects as having visceral fat obesity (VFO) or subcutaneous fat obesity (SFO). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and plasma glucose area in an oral glucose tolerance test were higher in patients with VFO than in those with SFO. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between V/S ratio and plasma glucose area, serum triglyceride level, and total cholesterol level as well as systolic or diastolic blood pressure. VFO was more frequently associated with coronary artery disease. Moreover, VFO was more often accompanied by multiple risk factors than was SFO. Steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) level was significantly higher in patients with VFO than with SFO, suggesting that insulin resistance may be more remarkable in VFO than in SFO. Furthermore, visceral fat accumulation was also associated with these complications even in nonobese subjects. Visceral fat area (VFA) was significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Animal models such as Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesions and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) rats were accompanied by visceral fat accumulation and an early stage of aortic atherosclerosis. Aging, sex hormone, genetic, and dietary factors and physical inactivity may induce visceral fat accumulation. Visceral fat is characterized by its high lipogenic activity as well as its accelerated lipolytic activity. High levels of portal free fatty acids (FFAs) may eventually result in an enhancement of hepatic triglyceride synthesis, causing hyperlipidemia. High portal FFA levels would also induce insulin resistance, thereby causing glucose intolerance, hypertension, and finally atherosclerosis. We propose a term, "visceral fat syndrome," as a highly atherogenic state, which includes visceral fat accumulation, glucose intolerance (insulin resistance), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
STRESS AND PSYCHIATRY
Authors: HANS SELYE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

After a brief enumeration of key-references to the literature on stress in psychiatry, the following specific problems are discussed on the basis of personal experiments: 1. An "operational definition" of stress, based on measurable indicators of this state. 2. Steroid anesthesia. 3. The anticonvulsive and tranquilizing effect of steroids. 4. Corticoids and muscular paralysis. 5. Morphologic changes in the brain produced by corticoids. 6. Stress and the inflammatory diseases. 7. Stress and sexual derangements.
Development and Prospective Validation of a Clinical Index to Predict Survival in Ambulatory Patients Referred for Cardiac Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Keith D. Aaronson, J. Sanford Schwartz, Tze-Ming Chen, Kar-Lai Wong, James E. Goin, Donna M. Mancini
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Risk stratification of patients with end-stage congestive heart failure is a critical component of the transplant candidate selection process. Accurate identification of individuals most likely to survive without a transplant would facilitate more efficient use of scarce donor organs. Methods and Results Multivariable proportional hazards survival models were developed with the use of data on 80 clinical characteristics from 268 ambulatory patients with advanced heart failure (derivation sample). Invasive and noninvasive models (with and without catheterization-derived data) were constructed. A prognostic score was determined for each patient from each model. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios were used to develop three prognostic-score risk groups. The models were prospectively validated on 199 similar patients (validation sample) by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 1-year event-free survival, the censored c-index for event-free survival, and comparison of event-free survival curves for prognostic-score risk strata. Outcome events were defined as urgent transplant or death without transplant. The noninvasive model performed well in both samples, and increased performance was not attained by the addition of catheterization-derived variables. Prognostic-score risk groups derived from the noninvasive model in the derivation sample effectively stratified the risk of an outcome event in both samples (1-year event-free survival for derivation and validation samples, respectively: low risk, 93% and 88%; medium risk, 72% and 60%; high risk, 43% and 35%). Conclusions Selection of candidates for cardiac transplantation may be improved by use of this noninvasive risk-stratification model.
Variation in Office-Based Quality
Authors: Jonathan P. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To demonstrate that claims data "profiling" can be used as an ongoing method to support ambulatory care quality improvement; to measure the quality of office-based care provided to elderly patients with diabetes in three states; and to identify factors associated with better attainment of quality standards.A cross-sectional study based on a 100% sample of the Medicare claims (Part B and Part A) submitted between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 1991.All primary care practices (both solo and group) actively seeing Medicare patients with diabetes in Alabama, Iowa, and Maryland (n = 2980).All elderly (> or = 65 years) Medicare patients seen by the study physicians and assigned a diagnosis of diabetes (n = 97,388) by any office-based physician during the year.The proportion of patients with diabetes receiving the following procedures (from any provider) at least once during the study period: hemoglobin A1C measurement, ophthalmologic examination, total cholesterol measurement, and blood glucose measurement. We considered the first three services to be optimally recommended and blood glucose measurement to be of limited use.Based on analyses of services provided in the ambulatory setting, we found that 84% of diabetics did not appear to receive the recommended hemoglobin A1C measurement, 54% did not see an ophthalmologist, and 45% received no cholesterol screening. Practice patterns varied considerably across the three states (up to 2.38-fold), even after adjusting for patient case mix and physician characteristics. Patients of general practitioners were less likely to meet recommended quality criteria than patients of internists or family practitioners. Patients receiving care from rural practitioners were less likely to receive services, either recommended or not, than those in urban locations.Elderly patients with diabetes do not appear to be receiving optimal care. This study underscores the value of practice guideline development and dissemination in the ambulatory arena. This study provides substantial evidence that existing administrative claims data can be used to support ambulatory quality improvement activities.
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Authors: M.E. MARUGG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome Get access M.E. MARUGG M.E. MARUGG Department of Dermatology, Leiden Hospital, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 3, 1 September 1993, Page 340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11860.x Published: 01 September 1993
Segmental variability of glucocorticoid induced electrolyte transport in rat colon.
Authors: G I Sandle
Journal: Gut (1991)

Recent studies suggest that the ability of glucocorticoids to reduce diarrhoea in active colitis may reflect their direct effects on distal colonic electrogenic Na+ transport and water absorption, as well as their anti-inflammatory action. To determine whether glucocorticoids induce similar changes in proximal colon, specific Na+ and K+ channel blockers (amiloride and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) respectively) were used to evaluate the cation transport properties of rat proximal and distal colon in vitro after three days treatment with the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone (600 micrograms/100 g/day). In the proximal colon, dexamethasone increased short circuit current (Isc) 2.3 fold (p less than 0.025) and total conductance (Gt) by 87% (p less than 0.015), but had negligible effects on the maximum activity of the basolateral membrane Na(+)-K+ pump and the baseline Na+ and K+ conductive properties of the apical membrane. Additional studies with diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (a Cl- channel blocker) suggested that the dexamethasone induced increases in Isc and Gt in proximal colon reflected stimulation of an electrogenic Cl- secretory process. In contrast, in the distal colon dexamethasone increased Isc 10 fold (p less than 0.025), Gt by 100% (p less than 0.015), and the maximum activity of the basolateral Na(+)-K+ pump by 200% (p less than 0.05), and induced substantial Na+ and K+ conductances in the apical membrane. These results indicate that dexamethasone stimulates electrogenic Na+ transport and water absorption to a significant degree only in the distal segment of rat colon. Thus in patients with active colitis, that part of the antidiarrhoeal action of glucocorticoids that reflects stimulation of electrogenic Na+ transport (and hence water absorption) may be restricted to the descending colon and rectum.
Intravascular ultrasound evaluation of the effect of rotational atherectomy in obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
Authors: G S Mintz, B N Potkin, G Keren, L F Satler, A D Pichard, K M Kent, J J Popma, M B Leon
Journal: Circulation (1992)

High-speed rotational atherectomy uses a diamond-coated, elliptical burr to abrade occlusive atherosclerosis, especially noncompliant calcified plaque.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to analyze 28 patients after atherectomy. Arteries treated and imaged were left main (three), left anterior descending (12), left circumflex (five), right coronary (seven), and saphenous vein graft (one). Twenty patients had adjunct balloon angioplasty. Twenty-two (79%) target lesions were calcified; the intimal arc of calcium was 160 +/- 126 degrees (range, 0-360 degrees). After atherectomy, the intima-lumen interface was unusually distinct and circular. The lumen was larger than the largest burr used for both stand-alone (1.19 +/- 0.19-fold the largest burr size) and adjunct balloon procedures (1.30 +/- 0.15-fold the largest burr). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the ultrasound images showed a smooth lumen, especially in calcified plaque. Deviations from cylindrical geometry occurred only in areas of soft plaque or superficial tissue disruption of calcified plaque. Five patients were studied before and after rotational atherectomy. IVUS showed an increase in lumen size, a decrease in plaque-plus-media area and in arc of target lesion calcification, and no change in target lesion external elastic membrane cross-sectional area.Rotational atherectomy causes atheroablation with only moderate evidence of barotrauma in heavily calcified arteries, even after adjunct balloon angioplasty. The lumen is cylindrical, especially in areas of calcified plaque, and somewhat larger than the largest burr tip used.
Enhanced GLT-1 mediated glutamate uptake and migration of primary astrocytes directed by fibronectin-coated electrospun poly-l-lactic acid fibers
Authors: Jonathan M. Zuidema, María C. Hyzinski-García, Kristien Van Vlasselaer, Nicholas W. Zaccor, George E. Plopper, Alexander A. Mongin, Ryan J. Gilbert
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Alterations in fetal thymic and liver hematopoietic cells as indicators of exposure to developmental immunotoxicants.
Authors: S D Holladay, M I Luster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Recent studies indicate that immune development in humans and other species may be altered after perinatal exposure to immunotoxic environmental contaminants. However, limited information is available regarding appropriate tests that may adequately detect developmental immunotoxic compounds. Experiments in which pregnant laboratory rodents were exposed to a variety of immunotoxic environmental agents indicate that fetal thymus and liver immune cells may be quantitatively and qualitatively altered by immunotoxicant exposure and, thus, may serve as sensitive markers of developmental immunotoxicant exposure. In particular, depression of fetal thymic cell counts appears to be a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants that produce this response in adult animals. Total hematopoietic cell counts in fetal liver, however, may be a poor indicator of immunotoxicant exposure. Altered marker expression in both fetal thymus and liver appears to be a highly sensitive indicator of gestational immunotoxicant exposure. Together, these reports suggest that immune tests with high predictability for immunosuppression in adults may also be appropriate for the detection of developmental immunotoxic agents.
ELR+-CXC Chemokines and Their Receptors in Early Metanephric Development
Authors: Zoia B. Levashova, Nirmala Sharma, Olga A. Timofeeva, Jeffrey S. Dome, Alan O. Perantoni
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Although originally identified as mediators of inflammation, it is now apparent that chemokines play a fundamental role in tissue development. In this study, ELR(+)-CXC chemokine family members CXCL2 and CXCL7, along with their preferred receptor CXCR2, were expressed at the earliest stages of metanephric development in the rat, and signaling through this receptor was required for the survival and maintenance of the undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme (MM). A specific antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor SB225002 induced apoptosis in this population but did not affect more mature structures or cells in the ureteric bud. CXCL7 treatment of isolated MM elicited an angiogenic response by upregulation of matrix metalloprotease 9 and endothelial and mesangial markers (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, Megsin, Thy-1, PDGF receptor alpha, and vascular alpha-actin) and induced SB225002-sensitive cell invasion through a matrix. Because Wilms' tumor cells may similarly depend on CXCR2 signaling for survival, primary tumor samples were analyzed, and 15 of 16 Wilms' tumors were found to be CXCR2 positive, whereas grossly normal kidney tissues from tumor patients or renal cell carcinomas were CXCR2 negative. Furthermore, cell lines derived from Wilms' tumors but not those from renal cell carcinomas were sensitive to SB225002-induced apoptosis. These data provide evidence for a prosurvival and proangiogenic role of ELR(+)-CXC chemokines and their receptor CXCR2 during metanephric development and suggest a novel mechanism for chemotherapeutic intervention in Wilms' tumor.
Understanding Lung Sounds
Authors: Tee L. Guidotti
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Steven Lehrer's introduction to auscultation is a primer of pulmonary diagnosis using lung sounds as its unifying theme. Intended to educate the ear as much as the mind, his kit is a self-contained learning experience for the medical student. It may also be useful for critical care and pulmonary service nurses. The kit is an excellent learning system and is highly recommended as an introduction to the topic.  The book begins with an homage by Victor McKusick to the Golden Age of auscultation, introduced by Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec in 1816. The sketch is too brief to elaborate on the fascinating history of auscultation, which at the time was a monumental undertaking. Laennec codified his work in 1819 in his book Traite de l'auscultation mediate , an effort that exhausted him and extracted a two-year period of recovery from his career. Laennec was a pupil of Jean Nicholas Corvisart, the leading
Mechanism of canine cyclic hematopoiesis: The role of prostaglandin E in feedback regulation
Authors: William P. Hammond, R. Paul Robertson, David C. Dale
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Prostaglandin E inhibits granulocyte‐macrophage colony formation in vitro in man and mouse, suggesting that it plays a role in feedback regulation of granulocyte production in vivo. Therefore, we examined the role of PGE in normal canine hematopoiesis and its potential role in the pathogenesis of cyclic hematopoiesis in grey collie dogs. The prostaglandin synthesis in hibitors indomethacin and ibuprofen (10 −5 M) increased CFU‐C growth to 194 and 160% of control, respectively, while PGE 2 addition caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of bone marrow CFU‐C growth in both normal and grey collie dogs. These concentrations of indomethacin and ibuprofen decreased bone marrow cell elaboration of PGE measured by radioimmunoassay to less than 5% of control values. The levels of PGE in leukocyte conditioned medium prepared from grey collies correlated with the number of monocytes in the conditioning cell suspension (r=0.78, n=10, p&lt;0.05) so that PGE production per monocyte was no different in normal and grey collie dogs. The effect of PGE 2 upon CFU‐C was to inhibit formation of macrophage, but not neutrophil colony subtypes. These findings make aberrant PGE‐mediated inhibition of precursor cells an unlikely mechanism to cause cyclic hematopoiesis, and show that PGE produced by monocytes acts as a feedback inhibitor for precursor cells destined to produce monocytes but not for those destined to form neutrophils.
Thrombosis of the Renal Veins and Vena Cava
Authors: Arthur H. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Luft et al in their report (234:1158, 1975) relate the finding of renal vein thrombosis to the massively obese state of the patient described. Although they discount primary renal disease antedating the vascular complications, it seems more plausible to invoke a mechanism not considered by them in detail. The authors describe  membrane thickening and  glomerular changes, but illustrate this with a hematoxylin- and eosinstained photomicrograph. Detailed observations with other stains, eg, periodic acid-methenamine silver (Jones), Masson trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, are not reported, so that it is not possible to determine if, indeed, the alterations of the glomerular capillary wall are due to the presence of immunoglobulin deposits and the accompanying basement reaction (spikes), typical of membranous nephropathy, the result of considerable basement thickening, or another process.  Many factors permit more than idle speculation that an underlying membranous nephropathy would explain this patient's course. (1) This
Allergens from fish and egg
Authors: Lars K. Poulsen, Tine K. Hansen, Astrid Nørgaard, Helle Vestergaard, Per Stahl Skov, Carsten Bindslev‐Jensen
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Allergens from fish and egg belong to some of the most frequent causes of food allergic reactions reported in the literature. Egg allergens have been described in both white and yolk, and the egg white proteins ovomucoid, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme have been adopted in the allergen nomenclature as Gal d1–d4. The most reported allergen from egg yolk seems to be alpha‐livitin. In fish, the dominating allergen is the homologues of Gad c1 from cod, formerly described as protein M. A close cross‐reactivity exists within different species of fish between this calcium‐binding protein family, denominated the parvalbumins. This cross‐reactivity has been indicated to be of clinical relevance for several species, since patients with a positive double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge to cod will also react with other fish species, such as herring, plaice and mackerel. In spite of the importance of these two allergen systems, only a few studies have been performed, and the scarcity of cloned allergens from both of the systems is emphasized.
Hypotonic Duodenography
Authors: Arthur Lieber
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Roentgenography after induction of hypotonia in the duodenum is a simple technique. Materials available in the average hospital x-ray department are used. The overdistention of the hypotonic duodenum aids greatly in the study of abnormalities of the second part of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas. This technique was used in the diagnosis of annular pancreas of the duodenum in an adult.