tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Adding antiviral drugs to steroids did not improve facial muscle recovery in Bell palsy
Authors: Richard J. Davenport
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 February 2010Review: Adding antiviral drugs to steroids did not improve facial muscle recovery in Bell palsyRichard J. Davenport, DM, FRCPRichard J. Davenport, DM, FRCPUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (R.J.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationQuant EC, Jeste SS, Muni RH, et al. The benefits of steroids versus steroids plus antivirals for treatment of Bell’s palsy: a meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b3354. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19736282Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Neurology: References1 Murakami S, Mizobuchi M, Nakashiro Y, et al. Bell palsy and herpes simplex virus: identification of viral DNA in endoneurial fluid and muscle. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:27−30. [PMID: 7503474] Google Scholar2 Sullivan FM, Swan IR, Donnan PT, et al. Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell’s palsy. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1598-607. [PMID: 17942873] Google Scholar3 Kawaguchi K, Inamura H, Abe Y, et al. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus and therapeutic effects of combination therapy with prednisolone and valacyclovir in patients with Bell’s palsy. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:147-56. [PMID: 17202945] Google Scholar4 Hato N, Yamada H, Kohno H, et al. Valacyclovir and prednisolone treatment for Bell’s palsy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Otol Neurotol. 2007;28:408-13. [PMID: 17414047] Google Scholar5 Engström M, Berg T, Stjernquist-Desatnik A, et al. Prednisolone and valaciclovir in Bell’s palsy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:993-1000. [PMID: 18849193] Google Scholar6 Lockhart P, Daly F, Pitkethly M, Comerford N, Sullivan F. Antiviral treatment for Bell’s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009(4):CD001869. [PMID: 19821283] Google Scholar7 de Almeida JR, Al Khabori M, Guyatt GH, et al. Combined corticosteroid and antiviral treatment for Bell palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;302:985−93. [PMID: 19724046] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (R.J.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 February 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 February 2010Volume 152, Issue 4Page: JC2-10KeywordsAntiviralsHerpes simplexMusclesNeurologyNumber needed to treatParalysisPregnancySteroidsSystematic reviews ePublished: 16 February 2010 Issue Published: 16 February 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Peanut Challenge Outcomes Following Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Correlate With Increased Peanut-Specific Salivary IgA
Authors: M.D. Kulis, K. Saba, E.H. Kim, J.A. Bird, N. Kamilaris, B.P. Vickery, H. Staats, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Cyclin A/CDK2 Regulates V(D)J Recombination by Coordinating RAG-2 Accumulation and DNA Repair
Authors: Jinhak Lee, Stephen Desiderio
Journal: Immunity (1999)

Accumulation of the V(D)J recombinase protein RAG-2 is restricted to G0/G1 cells by phosphorylation-mediated degradation at the G1-S boundary. Here cyclin A/CDK2 is shown to oppose RAG-2 accumulation; conversely, RAG-2 is induced by p27Kip1 and related CDK inhibitors. Coinduction of RAG-2 and G1 delay by p27Kip1 is accompanied by strong stimulation of V(D)J recombination. Unexpectedly, induction of RAG-2 accumulation in the absence of G1 delay has no effect on recombination frequency. p27Kip1 may stimulate V(D)J recombination by coordinating accumulation of RAG-2 with prolongation of G1, when nonhomologous end joining is preferentially active. Consistent with this, enforced expression of RAG-2 throughout cell cycle is associated with accumulation of aberrant recombination products reminiscent of those formed in the absence of nonhomologous end joining.
Continuous Infusion of Epoprostenol Improves the Net Balance Between Pulmonary Endothelin-1 Clearance and Release in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: David Langleben, Robyn J. Barst, David Badesch, Bertron M. Groves, Victor F. Tapson, Srinivas Murali, Robert C. Bourge, Neil Ettinger, Eileen Shalit, Linda M. Clayton, Maria M. Jöbsis, Shelmer D. Blackburn, James W. Crow, Duncan J. Stewart, Walker Long
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Primary pulmonary hypertension results from progressive narrowing of the precapillary pulmonary vasculature. A variety of endothelial abnormalities have been identified, including a net reduction in pulmonary clearance of the vasoconstrictor and smooth muscle mitogen endothelin-1. In many patients, net pulmonary release of endothelin-1 is observed. Chronic infusions of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) improve functional capacity, survival, and hemodynamics in patients with advanced primary pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesized that the epoprostenol infusions, as compared with conventional therapy, might alter the abnormal pulmonary endothelin-1 homeostasis. Methods and Results —Using a subset of patients from a larger randomized study comparing epoprostenol plus conventional therapy (n=11 in the present study) with conventional therapy alone (n=7 in the present study), we determined the ratio of plasma endothelin-1 levels in systemic arterial blood leaving the lung to levels in mixed venous blood entering the lung both before randomization and after 88 days of continuous therapy. There were no differences between the 2 groups before therapy, but by day 88, the epoprostenol-treated group had a greater proportion of patients (82%) with an arterial/venous ratio &lt;1 than did the conventional therapy group, in which only 29% of patients had a ratio &lt;1 ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These results suggest that continuous epoprostenol therapy may have a beneficial effect on the balance between endothelin-1 clearance and release in many patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and may provide one explanation for the salutary effect of epoprostenol in this disease.
SCREENING FOR CHLOROQUINE RETINOPATHY.
Authors: E. R. EARNSHAW, D. W. MILES, T. W. STEWART
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article SCREENING FOR CHLOROQUINE RETINOPATHY. Get access E. R. EARNSHAW, M.B., Ch.B., N.Z., F.R.C.S., D.O., E. R. EARNSHAW, M.B., Ch.B., N.Z., F.R.C.S., D.O. Senior Registrar in Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. W. MILES, B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., Leeds, M.R.C.P., D. W. MILES, B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., Leeds, M.R.C.P. Lecturer in Medicine, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. W. STEWART, M.B., Ch.B., Manch., M.R.C.P.E. T. W. STEWART, M.B., Ch.B., Manch., M.R.C.P.E. Tutor in Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds, 1, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 12, 1 December 1966, Pages 669–674, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12172.x Published: 01 December 1966
A nerve graft constructed with xenogeneic acellular nerve matrix and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yongjie Zhang, Hailang Luo, Ziqiang Zhang, Yongbo Lu, Xinhui Huang, Lu Yang, Jiajie Xu, Wei Yang, Xiaoju Fan, Bing Du, Peng Gao, Gang Hu, Yan Jin
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Making light work of early gastric cancer
Authors: C AINLEY
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 345 

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) should win the beauty contest between the differing endoscopic treatments for malignant or premalignant gastrointestinal mucosa with ease. The name could have been dreamed up by an advertising agency and the technique is based on the elegant theoretical advantage of dual selectivity resulting from the combination of a designer drug and laser light. Throw in local oxygen radical induced cytotoxicity and several unique safety features and you have an unbeatable product. However, although there is increasing interest in the use of PDT in gastroenterology, it is not new and remains experimental.

The initial step in PDT is the administration of a photosensitiser, most of which have been based on porphyrins. The photosensitiser is inert until activated by light, when localised cytotoxicity is produced—due to the production of oxygen radicals with most agents that have been used. An additional property of several photosensitisers has been their preferential retention in different tissues, particularly mucosa or neoplasms. By endoscopy most of the lesions suitable for PDT can be reached through the intestinal lumen and laser light directed at the abnormal area with sparing of adjacent normal mucosa. PDT possesses an important advantage over other techniques of tissue ablation, especially thermal destruction, in that while there is cytotoxicity and tissue necrosis, collagen remains intact,1 and hence the risks of perforation are reduced.2 Sunlight will also activate photosensitisers causing skin photosensitivity which has been the principal side effect of treatment and patients need to avoid natural light until the drug has been cleared. The other disadvantage of PDT is the limited penetration of light into tissue which restricts treatment to a depth of 10 mm …
Liver Transplantation for Potassium Dichromate Poisoning
Authors: Anton Stift, Josef Friedl, Fritz Laengle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Chromium compounds are commonly used as oxidizing agents in industrial processes and in technical-research laboratories. Oral ingestion of potassium dichromate usually leads to rapid death, regardless of immediate treatment attempts.1 Acute mucosal damage, vomiting, and diarrhea are followed by renal and hepatic failure.2 The lowest reported lethal dose is 0.1 g.3,4 We report on a 16-year-old boy in whom vomiting, diffuse abdominal pain, and acute renal and liver failure developed in January 1996, after he had ingested an unknown quantity of potassium dichromate in a suicide attempt. He obtained the poison from the chemical laboratory at . . .
Infectious Complications in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Authors: C. O. Solberg, H. J. Meuwissen, R. N. Needham, R. A. Good, J. M. Matsen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In 11 patients receiving transplants of allogeneic bone marrow, the graft was successful in six. Nine patients developed infections, and six died-five of septicaemia and one of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Fifty individual infections occurred. Predisposing factors included severe underlying diseases, long-term exposure to resistant hospital organisms, heavy immunosuppressive therapy, and graft-versus-host disease. Gram-negative bacilli and Candida albicans were the most common causative organisms. In every instance of septicaemia identical organisms were isolated from blood cultures and simultaneously obtained stool cultures. Infection with exogenous organisms often occurred in patients occupying conventional isolation rooms. Isolation of one patient for 45 days in a laminar air flow room prevented infection with exogenous organisms.
Precompetition taper and nutritional strategies: special reference to training during Ramadan intermittent fast: Figure 1
Authors: Iñigo Mujika, Anis Chaouachi, Karim Chamari
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

A marked reduction in the training load in the lead-up to major competitions allows athletes to reduce the fatigue induced by intense training and improve competition performance. This tapered training phase is based on the reduction in training volume while maintaining pretaper training intensity and frequency. In parallel to training load reductions, nutritional strategies characterised by lowered energy intakes need to be implemented to match lowered energy expenditure. The Ramadan intermittent fast imposes constrained nutritional practices on Muslim athletes, inducing a shift to a greater reliance on fat oxidation to meet energy needs and a possible increase in protein breakdown. The training load is often reduced during Ramadan to match the absence of energy and fluid intake during daylight, which implies a risk of losing training induced adaptations. Should coaches and athletes decide to reduce the training load during Ramadan, the key role of training intensity in retaining training induced adaptations should be kept in mind. However, experienced elite Muslim athletes are able to maintain their usual training load during this month of intermittent fasting without decrements in measures of fitness and with only minor adverse effects.
REPORT OF A CASE OF MIDDLE MENINGEAL HEMORRHAGE ACCOMPANIED BY ACTUAL HEMIPLEGIA: OPERATION, RECOVERY
Authors: L. L. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The occurrence of middle meningeal hemorrhage, unless accompanied with severe depressed and compound fractures of the skull, is not so frequent but that the following case may be of interest: <h3>History.—</h3> About midnight of April 4, 1909, I was called to see a workman who, I was told, was suffering from a scalp wound inflicted by means of a bricklayer's spirit-level, in the hands of a fellow-workman. On arriving at the scene of the trouble about half an hour later, I found the patient lying on the floor in an unconscious condition. His breath had a very strong odor of alcohol. <h3>Examination.—</h3> There was a contused scalp wound about three inches long in the left temporal and parietal regions, which was bleeding profusely. The pupils were equal and reacted to light. On further examination I concluded that the patient was suffering from concussion of the brain and acute alcoholism. I
Doctors go on trial for manslaughter after removing wrong kidney
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A consultant urologist and a locum surgical registrar who went on trial for manslaughter last week were guilty of “gross negligence” in removing their patient's only functioning kidney, Cardiff crown court was told.

Prosecuting counsel Leighton Davies QC told the jury the actions of consultant John Roberts and locum surgical registrar Mahesh Goel “fell so far below the standard of care expected of a reasonably competent surgeon” that they “deserved to be condemned as gross negligence and therefore a crime.”

Graham Reeves died aged 69, five weeks after the …
Respiratory Response to Carbon Dioxide in the Awake and Hypnotic States
Authors: Jordan Katz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The respiratory response to increasing concentrations of endogenous carbon dioxide was measured and the displacement of the respiratory response curve studied in four conditions: (1) the awake subject; (2) the awake subject who was instructed to maintain his respiratory pattern as close to control levels as possible; (3) the hypnotized subject who received no suggestion as to the control of ventilation; (4) the hypnotized subject who received forceful suggestions to try to maintain normal ventilation. The hypnotized subject who received no suggestions had displacement of the Pco<sub>2</sub>respiratory response curve 6.9 mm Hg to the right (depression of respiration) at an alveolar ventilation of 15 liters/min. Slope changes were not significant. Suggestion, under hypnosis, displaced the curve 4.0 mm Hg of Pco<sub>2</sub>. The magnitude of this depression of ventilation is compared to that induced by morphine and normal sleep. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
A Single Intrapleural Injection of Transforming Growth Factor- β<sub>2</sub> Produces an Excellent Pleurodesis in Rabbits
Authors: RICHARD W. LIGHT, DONG-SHENG CHENG, Y. C.(GARY) LEE, JEFFREY ROGERS, JEFFREY DAVIDSON, KIRK B. LANE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the intrapleural injection of transforming growth factor β2 (TGF- β2) would produce a pleurodesis in rabbits. Single intrapleural injections of TGF- β2 at doses of 5.00 μ g (n = 12), 1.67 μ g (n = 10), 0.50 μ g (n = 10), or 0.167 μ g (n = 4), or of the parenteral buffer alone (n = 5) were given in a volume of 2 ml to New Zealand white rabbits. Chest tubes were left in place for at least 72 h. Pleural fluid was aspirated at 24-h intervals and was measured and subjected to chemical analysis. The animals were killed 14 d after the injection. The intrapleural injection of TGF- β2 resulted in a dose-dependent pleurodesis (on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 = no pleurodesis and 4 = complete pleurodesis) with mean scores of 3.6, 2.6, 1.5, 0.7, and 0.3 for the groups that received 5.0, 1.67, 0.50, and 0.167 μ g of TGF- β2 and buffer alone, respectively. Intrapleural injection of the larger doses of TGF- β2 resulted in the formation of a large amount of pleural fluid. The fluid had a significantly lower white blood cell (WBC) count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level than did the fluid that results from the intrapleural injection of 10 mg/kg doxycycline or 400 mg/kg talc slurry. On the basis of this study we conclude that a single intrapleural injection of TGF- β2 induces pleurodesis in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 5.0 μ g produced satisfactory pleurodesis in almost all of the rabbits so treated. Larger doses of TGF- β2 induced larger pleural effusions with relatively low pleural fluid WBC counts and LDH levels. The ability of TGF- β to produce a pleurodesis in patients with recurrent pleural effusions or pneumothorax should be investigated. A single intrapleural injection of TGF- β2 may produce a pleurodesis both safely and painlessly.
Synaptic Clustering of AMPA Receptors by the Extracellular Immediate-Early Gene Product Narp
Authors: Richard J O’Brien, Desheng Xu, Ronald S Petralia, Oswald Steward, Richard L Huganir, Paul Worley
Journal: Neuron (1999)

Narp (neuronal activity–regulated pentraxin) is a secreted immediate-early gene (IEG) regulated by synaptic activity in brain. In this study, we demonstrate that Narp possesses several properties that make it likely to play a key role in excitatory synaptogenesis. Narp is shown to be selectively enriched at excitatory synapses on neurons from both the hippocampus and spinal cord. Overexpression of recombinant Narp increases the number of excitatory but not inhibitory synapses in cultured spinal neurons. In transfected HEK 293T cells, Narp interacts with itself, forming large surface clusters that coaggregate AMPA receptor subunits. Moreover, Narp-expressing HEK 293T cells can induce the aggregation of neuronal AMPA receptors. These studies support a model in which Narp functions as an extracellular aggregating factor for AMPA receptors.
Alcohol for Stroke Prevention?
Authors: Marc Hommel, Assia Jaillard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Cerebrovascular disease accounts for a substantial worldwide burden of death and disability. In addition to well-established risk factors such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and smoking,1 an increasing body of evidence suggests that lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of stroke. In this issue of the Journal, Berger et al.2 report, on the basis of their study of U.S. male physicians 40 to 84 years of age who were participants in the Physicians' Health Study, that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may prevent stroke. The overall relative risk of stroke was 0.79 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.94) for those . . .
Diagnosis of Brain Death-Reply
Authors: Jan Arthur Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lynn's interesting letter provides some inaccuracies vis-á-vis the historical brain death diagnosis literature. Both the initial Harvard Committee report<sup>1</sup>and subsequent National Institutes of Health (NIH) collaborative study<sup>2</sup>recommendations include both a thorough clinical examination<i>and</i>demonstration of electrocerebral silence for diagnosis of cerebral death. The Harvard report states that the "electroencephalogram provides confirmatory data and when available, it should be utilized." Similarly, the NIH study recommends that cerebral death can be diagnosed with 99% confidence after demonstration of "cerebral unresponsivity, apnea, dilated pupils, absent cephalic reflexes and electrocerebral silence." In fact, the first major American document to recommend only qualified use of the confirmatory EEG was the recent "Guidelines for the Determination of Death."<sup>3</sup> The NIH study recommends the inclusion of an additional test for detection of cerebral (not intracranial) blood flow in situations in which the clinical examination or EEG study was obscured,
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. II. Infections and sepsis, haemodynamics, elderly, invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, weaning, ARDS
Authors: Peter Andrews, Elie Azoulay, Massimo Antonelli, Laurent Brochard, Christian Brun-Buisson, Daniel De Backer, Geoffrey Dobb, Jean-Yves Fagon, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Philipp Metnitz, Stefano Nava, Jerôme Pugin, Michael Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Christian Richard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Antibiotic Therapy for Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Ellen M. Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

CANTEKIN et al<sup>1</sup>have recently challenged our 1987<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>report<sup>2</sup>that in infants and children with otitis media with effusion (secretory otitis media), amoxicillin treatment modestly increased the likelihood of resolution. From reanalyses of our clinical trial data, Cantekin et al concluded instead that amoxicillin had been no more efficacious than placebo, and that otoscopic diagnoses in our trial had been biased. Further, they cited reports "indicat[ing] that antimicrobial treatment is not effective even for acute otitis media." To arrive at these positions, Cantekin et al committed a series of methodological improprieties, invoked fallacious concepts and invalid assumptions, and inadequately represented the findings of cited studies. Space constraints preclude our discussing these fully, but the most important were the following: <h3>Post Hoc Use of an Altered and Invalid Method for Determining Outcome.</h3> —Our amoxicillin trial was conducted from 1981 through 1984. Its original protocol
Radiocolloid Liver Imaging in Tuberculous Hepatitis
Authors: AHMED R. ESSOP, JEFFREY A. POSEN, INA SAVITCH, JOSEPH LEVIN, MICHAEL C. KEW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Twenty of 22 patients with tuberculous hepatitis had abnormal Tc-99m tin colloid liver scans. However, in the majority of the patients the changes were mild and nonspecific. The most frequent scintigraphic picture was a decreased uptake of the radiocolloid by the liver, with shunting to the spleen and bone marrow. The decreased hepatic uptake was usually mildly heterogeneous, but it was sometimes homogeneous, and in five patients obvious defects were present. The liver was enlarged in six patients and the spleen in six patients. Increased extrahepatic uptake of the radiocolloid was the only abnormality in five patients. The severity of the scintigraphic changes did not correlate with the following histologic findings: number of granulomas, degree of associated fibrosis, degree of hepatocyte swelling, or extent of fatty change.