tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MRI and FDG PET/CT Findings of Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Hui Dong, Yang Wang, Jing Gong, Jianping Lu, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) findings of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH). Patients and Methods MRI and FDG PET/CT findings were reviewed in 6 patients with HEH confirmed by pathology. All patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination. Early PET/CT scans were performed 1 hour after FDG injection in all 6 patients. After an interval of 1 hour, delayed PET/CT scans were performed in 4 patients. Results A total of 60 lesions were detected in all 6 patients. MRI features of HEH included multifocal hepatic disease, predominantly subcapsular location, coalescence of lesions, and capsular retraction. T2-weighted MR images frequently showed a target-like configuration of the lesions. Contrast-enhanced MR images showed variable degrees of peripheral rim enhancement with delayed central enhancement. Forty lesions (67%) with increased FDG uptake and 20 lesions (33%) with FDG uptake similar to the surrounding liver parenchyma were found in all 6 patients. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of all lesions was 3.6 ± 1.1, with a low variability of SUVmax among lesions ranging from 1.7 to 6.6. There was no relationship between lesion sizes and corresponding SUVmax. Some larger lesions demonstrated a hypermetabolic peripheral rim reflecting hypercellular tumor regions and a relatively hypometabolic central area corresponding to hypocellular stroma. Eleven lesions with increased FDG uptake on the delayed PET/CT images were found in 3 patients, and 19 lesions with decreased FDG uptake were found in all 4 patients with total 32 lesions. Conclusions MRI demonstrated morphological features of HEH and FDG PET/CT reflected the histopathological composition of the tumors. FDG uptake of HEH may be related to tumor cellularity, but not the tumor size. Dual-time-point imaging may be not useful for differentiating benign lesions from HEH. Familiarity with the morphological and functional imaging findings of HEH is useful for recognition of this rare hepatic tumor.
Upper age limit should be raised for cancer screening
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Current age bands for cancer screening in the United Kingdom seem to have been arbitrarily selected and are not based on rational criteria, according to researchers from the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine in London.

The age band is critical to evaluating the effectiveness of screening programmes and for identifying priorities in screening policy, they concluded.

The research team, led by Dr Malcolm Law, used national statistics on the …
Defining the immunogenetic susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Wajahat Z. Mehal, Wendy L. Gregory, Y-M. Dennis Lo, Susan J. Cross, Kenneth A. Fleming, Margaret F. Bassendine, Oliver F. W. James, R. Duncan Campbell, Roger W. Chapman, William M. C. Rosenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic disease, thought to be immune-mediated with genetic susceptibility encoded in the major histocompatibility complex. In northern Europeans, the best established associations are with HLA-DR8 and the complement allele, C4B2. These associations could be due to a single susceptibility locus on an extended haplotype linking HLA-DR8 and C4B2 or to both HLA-DR8 and C4B2 independently conferring disease susceptibility. C4B2 genotyping was performed on 64 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 61 controls matched for ethnic background and frequency of HLA-DR8. C4B2 was associated with HLA-DR8 (p < 0.05) in PBC. No difference in the frequency of C4B2 was detected between control and disease populations, suggesting that HLA-DR8 and C4B2 are in linkage disequilibrium and that C4B2 is not a susceptibility locus for PBC. Taq I polymorphisms were screened in the disease and control populations with the cosmid probe G91, located midway between the HLA-DR and complement loci. One G91 restriction fragment (G91A) was found to be associated with both HLA-DR8 and C4B2, at equal frequency in health and disease, providing evidence of an HLA-DR8-G91A-C4B2 extended haplotype. The frequency of G91A was the same in the disease and control populations, suggesting that G91A does not confer disease susceptibility. These findings establish G91 as the telomeric boundary for disease susceptibility associated with HLA-DR8, encoded on chromosome six. These studies help define the immunogenetic susceptibility locus for primary biliary cirrhosis.
Australia "leaps backwards" on climate action, say critics
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Australian government’s repeal on 17 July of a carbon pricing mechanism has been condemned as a “monumentally reckless backward leap” and an “act of vandalism.”

Health and medical groups in Australia have warned that the repeal was a threat to population health, and the European Union’s climate action commissioner, Connie Hedegaard, issued a statement expressing regret.1

Fiona Armstrong, convenor of the Climate and Health Alliance, which represents 26 Australian healthcare groups, said that the move left the country without an effective …
GnRH antagonist in single-dose applications
Authors: F. Olivennes
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Previous studies on ovarian stimulation have confirmed the efficacy of a single dose of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, Cetrorelix, in preventing premature LH surges. The single-dose protocol is easy to use and assures patient compliance. When compared with the long protocol using a depot administration of the GnRH agonist, triptorelin, the IVF results in patients treated with Cetrorelix showed a shorter treatment duration, reduced amount of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) required and a lower occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between the two treatments. The use of Cetrorelix in natural cycles associated with gonadotrophins reduced the rate of premature LH surges and, therefore, the cancellation rate. The stimulation was minimal and the preliminary pregnancy rates were satisfactory. If a larger study confirms the results of the natural cycle with HMG support, the single-dose administration of GnRH antagonist could represent an interesting first-choice IVF treatment in selected indications. The tolerance of Cetrorelix was excellent in all patients, with only mild and transitory reactions at the injection site. New GnRH antagonists are already available for clinical use in some countries, and they will certainly change ovarian stimulation protocols. If the pregnancy rates are confirmed, the main advantages of these new compounds are the reduction in side-effects and complications of the stimulation protocol; a clear benefit to the patients.
Evaluation of the Phadiatop® test in an epidemiological study
Authors: A. M. J. Wever, J. Wever‐Hess, C. P. van Schayck, C. van Weel
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Sera from 204 adult patients with chronic airways obstruction were analysed with the Phadiatop®, a new allergosorbent test with a paper disc containing the most relevant inhalant allergens, the PRIST for total IgE determinations, and a panel of seven RAST tests with the common inhalant allergens in The Netherlands as reference. The aim was to evaluate the Phadiatop as screening test in the in vitro diagnostic procedures in an epidemiological setting. The Phadiatop was classified positive or negative according to percentage binding, total IgE was considered elevated at values &gt; 100 kU/1 and the RAST panel positive when at least one RAST result was class &gt; 1. The prevalence of inhalant atopy came to 27.9%. The predictive value of the Phadiatop for a positive RAST panel was 96.4%, and for a negative RAST panel 97.3%. For the PRIST these values were 51.9% and 87.2% respectively. The correlation between the log percentages binding of the Phadiatop and the RAST panel was 0.93. It is concluded that the Phadiatop is a valuable test for the screening of inhalant atopy, and as the percentage binding of the Phadiatop may reflect the degree of sensitization it could also be applied as a quantitative measure especially for epidemiological purposes.
Role of the occupational health service in increasing the uptake of rubella immunisation
Authors: A F Rosenfelder
Journal: BMJ (1985)

human parvovirus in pregnancy are en- couraging and substantiate previous epidemiological studies that have failed to reveal any evidence of teratogenicity.'Indeed, the severe fetal infections described recently3 4 may well represent rare events.Nevertheless, we agree with Dr Wright and colleagues on the need for serological identification of additional cases if the effects of human parvovirus in pregnancy are to be defined more precisely.Our experi- ence suggests, however, that infection in some adults may be subclinical, as illustrated by our third case.It may be prudent, therefore, to consider human parvovirus serology not only in pregnant women who develop a non-rubella rash but also in those who are close contacts of children with erythema infectiosum.
Convulsions in the newborn.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Although the involuntary movements of a convulsion are usually <k4\ k < -gS \\ \ generalised, they may affect only one limb, the face, or tongue.The 'V t\> > \ < > Adistinctive feature is repetitive jerky movements, which may be 19; X -\ 9 ' W \ Sik \ X accompanied by loss of consciousness, apnoea, or rigidity.Often the convulsion has.stopped by the time the baby is seen by a doctor.A briskMoro reflex or jerky normal movements in a baby may be misinterpreted -9\ ~\ -i \ as a convulsion by an inexperienced observer.If the convulsion is not seen apnoea or cyanosis may indicate that it has occurred, and if there is any doubt it is safer to investigate the baby on the assumption that there has \ K. K. been a convulsion.
Pasteurella multocida septicaemia associated with chronic liver disease.
Authors: M F Heyworth, J N Stainforth, R Wright, J M Graham
Journal: BMJ (1975)

1 June (day 1) her serum, which was being checked routinely every two weeks, contained HBsAg, subtype adw, and the transaminases had risen slightly, but were still within normal limits.Nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal discomfort then developed and on day 11 she was admitted to hospital.By then she had no complaints.There was no history of arthralgia, exanthema, skin eruptions, or fever, nor of intolerance to fat or tobacco.She did not use any medication.Her father had had a polyneuropathy complicating diphtheria in 1930.Physical examination showed jaundice and a tender, 1-cm palpable, liver.The spleen was not palpable and there were no spider nevi or liver palms.The highest values of serum alanine transaminase (SGPT) were recorded on day 11, and of serum bilirubin and smooth muscle antibody (SMA) on day 14.A liver biopsy performed on day 15 showed features of acute hepatitis, including extensive confluent necrosis of hepatocytes and portoportal bridging.Immunofluorescence for HBsAg was negative.Treatment consisted of absolute bedrest.
Critical care: confronting medicine's tough problems
Authors: Harriet Page
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Critical care specialists from 24 countries—anesthesiologists, surgeons, pediatricians, and nurses—met in Washington, DC, recently to hear and see some 700 scientific papers and exhibits at the Third World Congress on Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. They gathered, ironically, at the Washington Hilton, where President Ronald Reagan had been shot earlier in the year. (Invited to address the meeting, Reagan, who was flying to his California ranch that weekend, instead sent a long telegram expressing "my deep appreciation and gratitude to you who so resolutely serve your fellow human beings.") These were among the reports presented at the five-day meeting: <h3>Coma. —</h3> Studies with the coma scale she has developed (below, left) and which she believes has some noteworthy advantages over the Glasgow Coma Scale were described by Marialuisa Bozza-Marrubini, MD, an anesthesiologist at Ospedale Niguardo-Ca'Granda, in Milan, Italy. Any classification system, she explained, is useful for improving general understanding of
The Dream-Protein Hypothesis
Authors: ERNEST LAWRENCE ROSSI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Recent studies of learning and memory indicate that new experience is encoded by means of protein synthesis in brain tissue. The author reviews the literature on diet, nutrition, dreams, and REM sleep and finds support for the hypothesis that dreaming is a process of psychophysiological growth that involves the synthesis or modification of protein structures in the brain and that serves as the organic basis for new developments in the personality. The author outlines a series of experiments to further test the validity of this hypothesis. The implications of this research for a "growth" or "psychosynthetic" orientation in psychotherapy are discussed.
Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-α therapy: Relationship to genotypes of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Kentaro Yoshioka, Shinichi Kakumu, Takaji Wakita, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Yuji Itoh, Masahiro Takayanagi, Yasuyuki Higashi, Motohiro Shibata, Tsuneo Morishima
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To investigate the relationship between genotypes of hepatitis C virus and response to interferon–α therapy, hepatitis C virus RNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction with three sets of primers and probes in 70 patients with non–A, non–B chronic hepatitis who received interferon–α. Twenty–four patients sustained long–term remissions (complete responders). Polymerase chain reaction for 5′–terminal noncoding region detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 94.3% (66 of 70) of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3, in which primers and a probe were synthesized to be identical to hepatitis C virus–J, detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 40 patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5-in which sequences of primers and a probe were derived from hepatitis C virus–K2, a genotype different from hepatitis C virus–J-detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 17 patients. Only one patient was positive on both nonstructural region 3 and nonstructural region 5 polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence of clones obtained from 5′ terminal noncoding region polymerase chain reaction products of two patients positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 1) corresponded to that of the hepatitis C virus–J group, and those of clones from two patients negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 2) corresponded to that of hepatitis C virus–K2. A clone from a patient negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 3) showed low nucleotide sequence homology with the hepatitis C virus–J and hepatitis C virus–K2 groups. The complete response rates of group 2 (10 of 16 [62.5%]) and group 3 (6 of 10 [60.0%]) were significantly higher than that of group 1 (5 of 39 [12.8%]) (p &lt; 0.01 for both). Logarithms of hepatitis C virus RNA concentrations (copies per milliliter) were significantly higher in group 1 (5.0 ± 1.1) than in group 2 (3.8 ± 1.1) or group 3 (3.2 ± 1.1) (p &lt;0.01 for either). These results indicate that detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by polymerase chain reactions with different sets of primers and probes may be valuable in classifying hepatitis C virus into genotypes, and that amount of hepatitis C virus RNA in sera and response to interferon–α may vary among different genotypes of HCV. (Hepatology 1992;16:293-299.)
Myocardial uptake of antimyosin monoclonal antibody in a murine model of viral myocarditis.
Authors: A Matsumori, T Ohkusa, Y Matoba, I Okada, T Yamada, C Kawai, N Tamaki, Y Watanabe, Y Yonekura, K Endo
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The myocardial uptake of 125I- and 131I-antimyosin monoclonal antibody Fab in experimental myocarditis in BALB/c mice induced by encephalomyocarditis virus was studied. The biodistribution of 125I-antimyosin demonstrated that the highest ratio of radioactivity appears in the heart of infected mice on day 14 (the ratio of percent dose per gram for the organ to percent dose per milliliter for blood; 9.75 +/- 2.79 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.78 at 24 hours in inoculated mice vs. control mice). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean activity ratios of tissues other than the heart in control and inoculated mice. The uptake ratio for the heart increased significantly 3 days after virus inoculation and reached a maximum on day 14 when myocardial lesions were most extensive and prominent. The uptake ratio decreased significantly, but it still remained high compared with controls on day 28 when cellular infiltration had decreased and fibrosis was evident. The scintigraphic images obtained with 131I-antimyosin monoclonal antibody clearly demonstrated that visualization of the heart in experimental myocarditis was possible 24 hours after administration of radiotracer, and localized activity was still observed in the 48-hour image. We conclude that antimyosin monoclonal antibodies localize selectively in the heart from the acute to subacute stage of viral myocarditis. These findings indicate that antimyosin scintigraphy is a reliable noninvasive method for the evaluation of patients suspected of having myocarditis.
Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma with Ocular and Adnexal Involvement
Authors: John J. Woog, Yoon Duck Kim, R. Patrick Yeatts, Stella Kim, Bita Esmaeli, Don Kikkawa, H.B. Harold Lee, Bobby S. Korn, Karim Punja, Thomas M. Habermann, Joseph P. Colgan, Diva Salomao, J. Douglas Cameron
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
The Risk of Sidestream Smoke From Pipes-Reply
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —After the conference everyone was of one opinion—the one they came with. With an emotional subject such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), this saw tends to apply. Having said that, I will try to address Mr Whidden's points.  First, without performing a meta-analysis of all published studies, the percentages of lung cancers broken down by smoking history, are roughly as follows 1,2 : 2% occur in non-smokers, 3% to 4% in pipe smokers, 3% to 4% in cigar smokers, and 90% to 91% of the total are in cigarette smokers. If 3% to 4% is intermediate between 2% and 90%, so be it.  Whidden's call for better epidemiology is well taken but probably not resolvable. The question of inhaling or not is difficult for pipe smokers, even for me, to answer. In a study 2 that did ask that question, there were only six cases in the inhales category.
Pitfalls in the Recognition of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Harold P. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Between January 1970 and January 1978, one hundred eighty-two patients were admitted to the University of Iowa Hospitals for treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhages secondary to a ruptured aneurysm. The correct diagnosis had been delayed in 41 patients, with most treated from four to seven days before the correct diagnosis was established. Generally, these patients were initially less acutely ill than those patients whose conditions were promptly diagnosed. The most common misdiagnoses were systemic infectious illnesses, migraine headache, and hypertensive encephalopathy. Rebleeding occurred in three patients before the correct diagnosis was made. Atypical symptoms, problems in diagnosis, and the need for prompt therapy are reviewed. (<i>JAMA</i>244:794-796, 1980)
A Case of Professional Exclusion in 1870
Authors: Herbert W. Nickens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the last half of the 19th century, medicine was becoming organized. In Washington, DC, in 1870, the attempt by black physicians to join the local medical society met with fierce and successful resistance. Ultimately, a separate, racially integrated medical society was formed. One hundred years ago, it became the still-vital Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia, the local branch of the National Medical Society.
Clinical presentation and natural history of patients with essential thrombocythemia and the Philadelphia chromosome
Authors: D. B. Stoll, P. Peterson, R. Exten, J. Laszlo, A. V. Pisciotta, J. T. Ellis, P. White, K. Vaidya, M. Bozdech, S. Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Six women presented with the clinical picture of essential thrombocythemia (ET) without the anemia, marked splenomegaly, and extreme leukocytosis characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). All had the Philadelphia chromosome on karyotype analysis of the bone marrow. Peripheral basophilia was present in four cases, providing a clinical clue that the Philadelphia chromosome might be present. Marrow biopsy showed granulocytic hyperplasia and either small megakaryocytes or sheets of megakaryocytes with marked atypia, findings that are more typical of CML than ET. The clinical importance of finding the Philadelphia chromosome in patients who seem to have ET is in assessing prognosis. ET generally follows a chronic, indolent course. However, five of these six patients who had the Philadelphia chromosome underwent clinical transition to the accelerated phase of CML or blastic leukemia in 4–7 years.
A uroguanylin-GUCY2C endocrine axis regulates feeding in mice
Authors: Michael A. Valentino, Jieru E. Lin, Adam E. Snook, Peng Li, Gilbert W. Kim, Glen Marszalowicz, Michael S. Magee, Terry Hyslop, Stephanie Schulz, Scott A. Waldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Intestinal enteroendocrine cells are critical to central regulation of caloric consumption, since they activate hypothalamic circuits that decrease appetite and thereby restrict meal size by secreting hormones in response to nutrients in the gut. Although guanylyl cyclase and downstream cGMP are essential regulators of centrally regulated feeding behavior in invertebrates, the role of this primordial signaling mechanism in mammalian appetite regulation has eluded definition. In intestinal epithelial cells, guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) is a transmembrane receptor that makes cGMP in response to the paracrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin, which regulate epithelial cell dynamics along the crypt-villus axis. Here, we show that silencing of GUCY2C in mice disrupts satiation, resulting in hyperphagia and subsequent obesity and metabolic syndrome. This defined an appetite-regulating uroguanylin-GUCY2C endocrine axis, which we confirmed by showing that nutrient intake induces intestinal prouroguanylin secretion into the circulation. The prohormone signal is selectively decoded in the hypothalamus by proteolytic liberation of uroguanylin, inducing GUCY2C signaling and consequent activation of downstream anorexigenic pathways. Thus, evolutionary diversification of primitive guanylyl cyclase signaling pathways allows GUCY2C to coordinate endocrine regulation of central food acquisition pathways with paracrine control of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, the uroguanylin-GUCY2C endocrine axis may provide a therapeutic target to control appetite, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Bone Density in Adolescents
Authors: Susan M. Ott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

A person's maximal bone density — termed the peak bone mass — is usually achieved in the third decade of life; thereafter, bone is inexorably lost. Many of the unanswered questions that currently limit our understanding of osteoporosis concern the gain and subsequent loss of bone mass. Deciphering the complex network of factors that determine peak bone mass may be the key to preventing osteoporosis.For some physiologic variations, such as the range of the serum sodium concentration, persons with values at the lower end of the normal range are no less healthy than those with values at the upper . . .