tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thermic effect of food in lean and obese men.
Authors: D A D'Alessio, E C Kavle, M A Mozzoli, K J Smalley, M Polansky, Z V Kendrick, L R Owen, M C Bushman, G Boden, O E Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A systemic reappraisal of the thermic effect of food was done in lean and obese males randomly fed mixed meals containing 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 kcal/kg fat-free mass. Densitometric analysis was used to measure body composition. Preprandial and postprandial energy expenditures were measured by indirect calorimetry. The data show that the thermic effect of food was linearly correlated with caloric intake, and that the magnitude and duration of augmented postprandial thermogenesis increased linearly with caloric consumption. Postprandial energy expenditures over resting metabolic requirements were indistinguishable when comparing lean and obese men for a given caloric intake. Individuals, however, had distinct and consistent thermic responses to progressively greater caloric challenges. These unique thermic profiles to food ingestion were also independent of leanness or obesity. We conclude that the thermic effect of food increases linearly with caloric intake, and is independent of leanness and obesity.
Combination therapy with tazarotene plus a topical corticosteroid for the treatment of plaque psoriasis
Authors: None GOLLNICK, None MENTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Although tazarotene monotherapy is generally efficacious and well tolerated, studies show that both the efficacy and the tolerability of tazarotene therapy can be further improved when it is used in combination with certain topical corticosteroids. The studies reported here evaluate the usefulness of two potential combination regimens. In one regimen, a corticosteroid is added to tazarotene treatment. In the other regimen, corticosteroid treatment alternates on a daily basis with tazarotene treatment. The results of the first study, which involved 300 patients, showed that additive combination therapy using tazarotene plus a mid- or high-potency topical corticosteroid significantly increased the percentage of plaques achieving treatment success at the end of the treatment period, compared with tazarotene plus placebo (91% and 95% vs. 80%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Similarly, tazarotene plus a mid- or high-potency topical corticosteroid reduced the incidence of patient withdrawals compared with tazarotene plus placebo (5.5% and 9.6% vs. 13.3%). The results of the second study, which involved 398 patients, showed that a combination regimen that alternates between tazarotene and a high-potency topical corticosteroid treatment each day, significantly increased the treatment success rate compared with regimens using tazarotene alternating with a mid-potency corticosteroid or placebo (75% vs. 55% and 54%, respectively, at the end of the treatment period; P < 0.05 for both). In addition, there was a trend towards a lower incidence of treatment-related adverse events as corticosteroid potency increased (from 42% with tazarotene plus placebo to 36%, 32%, and 31% with tazarotene plus the low-, mid-, and high-potency corticosteroid, respectively). Both treatment regimens are potentially useful and offer a rational approach to optimizing the efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene treatment for plaque psoriasis.
Analysis of Placebo Reactions in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge Tests in Children
Authors: B.J. Vlieg-Boerstra, S. van der Heide, J. Kukler, C.M.A. Bijleveld, B.J. Beusekamp, E.J. Duiverman, A.E.J. Dubois
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Acute Renal Failure
Authors: John E. Kiley, Samuel R. Powers, Richard T. Beebe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ACUTE renal failure due to tubular damage is in many cases a complication that is entirely reversible, provided the patient can be maintained alive and in reasonably good physiologic condition long enough to allow recovery to take place. Since World War II, increased understanding of this disorder has led to better management, and the most dramatic addition to therapy during this period has been extracorporeal hemodialysis. Despite advances in treatment, however, acute renal failure due to tubular necrosis may yet be attended by a high mortality rate. Because of this, we have considered it justifiable to add this report of . . .
H‐ras‐1 polymorphism in leukemia
Authors: Robert G. Wadleigh, Clara S. Chan, Martin H. Cohen, Steven H. Krasnow, Anita Anderson, Sevilla D. Detera‐Wadleigh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We have examined leukocyte DNAs obtained from 21 patients with various types of leukemia for the Sacl polymorphism of H‐ras‐1. The patients included ten with B‐lineage leukemia, two with T‐cell leukemia, and nine with acute myelogenous leukemia. Using a genomic probe for H‐ras‐1 in Southern hybridizations, we found that 78% of the DNA from leukemias of myeloid origin were heterozygous. In contrast, only three of ten B‐cell‐derived leukemias showed heterozygosity. This difference in the number of heterozygotes vs. homozygotes in the two patient samples studied is statistically significant (P = 0.04 by Fisher's exact test). These results suggest the possibility that the H‐ras‐1 allelic pattern that is associated with acute myelogenous leukemia is distinct from that found in B‐cell‐derived malignancies.
THE JENNINGS SELF-RECORDING TEST FOR COLOR-BLINDNESS
Authors: J. E. Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Avenue, Chicago. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In 1917 the United States government bought a large number of sets of the Jennings test for color-blindness for the army, navy and aviation services. From this extensive use of the test it was found that certain colors indicating color-blindness were often punched by persons with a normal color sense. These objectional colors were removed, others substituted, and a second edition of the test was introduced. Recently it has come to my notice that about six months ago the government sold at auction a quantity of the old, obsolete sets to a certain surgical supply house, which is now selling them to physicians and institutions. Physicians desiring the up-to-date second edition of the Jennings Test should see that it is made by the C. H. Stoelting Company, 424 North Homan
The Antagonistic Actions of Antigen Producing Immunity and Immunological Tolerance.
Authors: David W. Talmage
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964The Antagonistic Actions of Antigen Producing Immunity and Immunological Tolerance.David W. Talmage, M.D.David W. Talmage, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-730_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA molecular model of antibody production is presented which is based solely on selective induction. According to this model the potential to make the various antibodies is distributed randomly among immature lymphoid cells, each cell being precommitted to a limited number of antibodies. The reaction of antigen with these immature cells has two separate and antagonistic actions mediated through two separate molecular bridges between antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid. A specific stimulus occurs after a reaction of antigen with strategically located preformed antibody and results in the passage of messenger ribonucleic acid from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The net effect... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David W. Talmage, M.D.Affiliations: Denver, Colorado PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 730-730KeywordsAntibody responseAntigensCytoplasmImmunityLymphocytesRNA ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Decreased Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance Among<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: ROGER J. BULGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Data on antibiotic sensitivity tests for all Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinically significant sources in hospitalized patients over a 9-year period have been tabulated and compared. There was an unquestionable trend toward increasing sensitivity to the majority of antibiotics tested, and there has been a striking decrease in the incidence of multiple-resistant strains. The proportion of strains sensitive to all antibiotics tested or resistant only to penicillin G increased from 9% in 1959 to almost 80% in 1966 and 1967. Over the 9-year period a decreasing proportion of hospitalized patients yielded S. aureus from lesions. In spite of an increasing hospital census, the total number of serious staphylococcus infections as reflected by positive blood cultures showed a marked, progessive decline between 1959 and 1966, although there was a sizable rebound in 1967.
Intercontinental Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lindsay A. Farrer
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The reasons for ethnic differences in the e4effect are unclear.Cross-cultural studies provide an opportunity to eluci-date modifiable risk factors for dementia. Unfortunately,results from most studies of this sort are often difficult tointerpret because of genetic and environmental differencesbetween populations. For example, in most studies theprevalence of VaD is higher in Japanese than Europeanpopulations.
Achievement of Coronary Artery Patency by Use of Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: W. S. Hillis, R. S. Hornung, K. J. Hogg, N. Hockings, J. M.A. Burns, F. G. Dunn
Journal: Drugs (1987)
Variants at multiple loci implicated in both innate and adaptive immune responses are associated with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Christopher J Lessard, He Li, Indra Adrianto, John A Ice, Astrid Rasmussen, Kiely M Grundahl, Jennifer A Kelly, Mikhail G Dozmorov, Corinne Miceli-Richard, Simon Bowman, Sue Lester, Per Eriksson, Maija-Leena Eloranta, Johan G Brun, Lasse G Gøransson, Erna Harboe, Joel M Guthridge, Kenneth M Kaufman, Marika Kvarnström, Helmi Jazebi, Deborah S Cunninghame Graham, Martha E Grandits, Abu N M Nazmul-Hossain, Ketan Patel, Adam J Adler, Jacen S Maier-Moore, A Darise Farris, Michael T Brennan, James A Lessard, James Chodosh, Rajaram Gopalakrishnan, Kimberly S Hefner, Glen D Houston, Andrew J W Huang, Pamela J Hughes, David M Lewis, Lida Radfar, Michael D Rohrer, Donald U Stone, Jonathan D Wren, Timothy J Vyse, Patrick M Gaffney, Judith A James, Roald Omdal, Marie Wahren-Herlenius, Gabor G Illei, Torsten Witte, Roland Jonsson, Maureen Rischmueller, Lars Rönnblom, Gunnel Nordmark, Wan-Fai Ng, Xavier Mariette, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Nelson L Rhodus, Barbara M Segal, R Hal Scofield, Courtney G Montgomery, John B Harley, Kathy L Sivils
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Induction Of Arah2-Specific Memory B Cells Identified Using a Novel Tetramer-Based Approach Occurs Early and Transiently During Peanut Oral Immunotherapy
Authors: Sarita U. Patil, Adebola Ogunniyi, Alex Ma, Alisa K. Brennan, Theadora Swenson, Agustin Calatroni, James Moon, J. Christopher Love, Wayne G. Shreffler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Fetoprotein: Need for Quantitative Assays
Authors: Elliot Alpert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

This editorial calls for development of quantitative assays for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) which incorporate a long-overdue uniform international standard for AFP. Statistics for presently available detection techniques are reviewed; Double-gel diffusion detects serum AFP in 1/3 white hepatoma patients and 1/3 embryonal gonadal teratoblastomas. Counterimmunoelectophoresis and electroimmunodiffusion detect AFP in more than 50% of white patients with hepatoma and a higher percentage of other racial groups. Sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIAs) can detect AFP in 85-95% of hepatoma patients; the other 5-15% are considered at present not to have AFP-producing tumors. RIAs also discern AFP in 2 other conditions; 1) gastrointestinal tract tumors and entodermally derived tumors; and 2) acute viral hepatitis. AFP in newborns is usually 1-5 mg/100 ml of blood. This level decreases (half-life, 3-5 days) during neonatancy to undetectable levels. AFP is elevated in children with 3 conditions: 1) hepatocellular carcinoma of hepatoblastoma; 2) gonadal teratoblastomas or embryonal carcinoma; and 3) ataxia telangiectasia, but not in other immune deficiency diseases. During gestation, fetal serum AFP reaches a 200-400 mg/100 ml of blood peak in the first trimester which drops to less than 5 mg/100 in newborn unbilical blood. Elevated maternal serum AFP has been shown to mark fetal distress and other pregnancy complications; these amounts are measured in nanorams and require sensitivity.
A fool such as I
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Making mistakes is an essential part of being human. Ralph Waldo Emerson said: “All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make, the better.” He might have written: “All life is mistakes. The more mistakes you make, the better.” Mistakes are great teachers, but they also allow us to get through the day. Try to spend a day without making a mistake, and you'll do nothing. So I find it hard as I …
We are one
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A year ago today I placed my signature at the end of an 11-page contract tying me into a jobsharing partnership. My other half (actually three fifths) and I had met at a party. Small talk quickly turned serious when we discovered that the amount I wanted to take on exactly equalled the amount which she, after 25 years in singlehanded practice, wanted to drop. Although we merely exchanged phone numbers at the time, the thought that this could work out brilliantly for both of us proved beguiling. We met nervously for lunch once or twice, but it was over a year before I became her “assistant with …
Inactive Renin — Through a Glass Darkly
Authors: Eve E. Slater, Edgar Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Many enzymes (e.g., pepsin) and endocrine hormones (e.g., insulin) are synthesized first in the form of an inactive zymogen, which is then subject to proteolytic cleavage before eventual secretion in active form. By analogy, investigators have focused attention on inactive renin as a possible zymogen. Does inactive renin represent a precursor of renin? Does the transformation of inactive to active form represent one of the modes for regulating renin activity?The study of inactive renin has been hampered by inadequate methods. The inactive forms of renin represent an extremely small fraction of total renal or plasma proteins and are highly . . .
Bone Metastases Demonstrated by Pentavalent Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m HMDP
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HIDENORI OTAKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 47-year-old woman had brain surgery for a metastatic brain tumor, which was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Chest radiograph demonstrated a lesion (2 cm in diameter) in the right upper lung field. Both Tc-99m (V) DMSA and Tc-99m HMDP scintigraphy demonstrated multiple areas of increased uptake in the osseous structures. Although there was almost no uptake in the uninvolved bone, the uptake in the ribs was slightly less visible on Tc-99m (V) DMSA images than Tc-99m HMDP images because of increased background activity in the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and major vascular structures. Tc-99m(V) DMSA showed less accumulation in the postsurgical changes of the skull than did Tc-99m HMDP. Pentavalent Tc-99m DMSA may specifically accumulate in active osseous lesions but less so in the joints, surrounding normal bone, and reactive osseous changes. This may suggest that Tc-99m (V) DMSA accumulation is specific for tumor in osseous structures.
Mll partial tandem duplication and Flt3 internal tandem duplication in a double knock-in mouse recapitulates features of counterpart human acute myeloid leukemias
Authors: Nicholas A. Zorko, Kelsie M. Bernot, Susan P. Whitman, Ronald F. Siebenaler, Elshafa H. Ahmed, Gabriele G. Marcucci, Daniel A. Yanes, Kathleen K. McConnell, Charlene Mao, Chidimma Kalu, Xiaoli Zhang, David Jarjoura, Adrienne M. Dorrance, Nyla A. Heerema, Benjamin H. Lee, Gang Huang, Guido Marcucci, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2012)
Syrian refugees in Lebanon find it hard to access healthcare, says charity
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

About half of the Syrian refugees in Lebanon are not getting the medical care they need, the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres has said.

The medical charity conducted a survey of refugees from 2124 households in the Bekaa Valley region and the cities of Saida and Tripoli, who have fled the fighting in Syria.1

The charity found that more than half of all interviewees (52%) could not afford treatment for chronic diseases and that nearly a third have had to suspend treatment because it was too expensive.

It has warned that the humanitarian situation was deteriorating. A similar survey it carried out in June found that 19% of interviewees could not afford medical treatment for chronic diseases and that 40% said that high costs and insecurity meant that they could not access hospital treatment.

The latest figures …
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activator RHEB Is Frequently Overexpressed in Human Carcinomas and Is Critical and Sufficient for Skin Epithelial Carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhi Hong Lu, Mark B. Shvartsman, Andrew Y. Lee, Jenny M. Shao, Mollianne M. Murray, Raleigh D. Kladney, Dong Fan, Stan Krajewski, Gary G. Chiang, Gordon B. Mills, Jeffrey M. Arbeit
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Small GTPase Ras homologue enriched in brain (RHEB) binds and activates the key metabolic regulator mTORC1, which has an important role in cancer cells, but the role of RHEB in cancer pathogenesis has not been shown. By performing a meta-analysis of published cancer cytogenetic and transcriptome databases, we defined a gain of chromosome 7q36.1-q36.3 containing the RHEB locus, an overexpression of RHEB mRNA in several different carcinoma histotypes, and an association between RHEB upregulation and poor prognosis in breast and head and neck cancers. To model gain of function in epithelial malignancy, we targeted Rheb expression to murine basal keratinocytes of transgenic mice at levels similar to those that occur in human squamous cancer cell lines. Juvenile transgenic epidermis displayed constitutive mTORC1 pathway activation, elevated cyclin D1 protein, and diffuse skin hyperplasia. Skin tumors subsequently developed with concomitant stromal angio-inflammatory foci, evidencing induction of an epidermal hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transcriptional program, and paracrine feed-forward activation of the interleukin-6–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Rheb-induced tumor persistence and neoplastic molecular alterations were mTORC1 dependent. Rheb markedly sensitized transgenic epidermis to squamous carcinoma induction following a single dose of Ras-activating carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Our findings offer direct evidence that RHEB facilitates multistage carcinogenesis through induction of multiple oncogenic mechanisms, perhaps contributing to the poor prognosis of patients with cancers overexpressing RHEB. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3287–98. ©2010 AACR.
Glucose Fatty Acids (FFA) Interrelationships in Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Louis A. Soloff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Glucose Fatty Acids (FFA) Interrelationships in Myocardial Infarction.Louis A. Soloff, M.D., F.A.C.P., Heinz Schwartz, M.D., Ph.D.Louis A. Soloff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Heinz Schwartz, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1154_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMyocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus frequently occur together, and either may precede the other. However, subclinical atherosclerosis and latent diabetes may be present for indeterminate durations so that the onset of clinical manifestations cannot be used to determine the priority of one over the other. We have attempted to approach a solution to possible interrelationships of these two disorders by determining the glucose individual fatty acid responses of ischemic patients and comparing them to those of insulin-dependent diabetic patients and those of normals. Patients convalescing from myocardial infarction have abnormal glucose responses as defined by Conn. These patients can be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1154-1154KeywordsAtherosclerosisDiabetes mellitusFatty acidsGlucoseInsulinMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Complete inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion by combined application of pirenzepine and ranitidine.
Authors: W Londong, V Londong, C Ruthe, P Weizert
Journal: Gut (1981)

In a double-blind, placebo controlled and randomised secretory study the effectiveness of pirenzepine, ranitidine, and their combination was compared intraindividually in eight healthy subjects receiving intravenous bolus injections. Pirenzepine (0.15 mg/kg) plus ranitidine (0.6 mg/kg) suppressed peptone-stimulated gastric acid secretion from 69 +/- 11 to 2 +/- 0.4 mmol H+/3 h; the mean percentage inhibition was 97%. Postprandial gastrin was unaffected. There were only minor side-effects in a few experiments (reduction of salivation, brief blurring of vision), but no prolactin stimulation after ranitidine or ranitidine plus pirenzepine. The combined application of ranitidine and pirenzepine inhibited meal-stimulated acid secretion more effectively and produced fewer side-effects than the combination of cimetidine plus pirenzepine studied previously.
Patient group calls for better understanding of drug trials in the US
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It is important that the public be engaged at every level of decision making for all clinical research, according to Fran Visco, president of America's National Breast Cancer Coalition.

Ms Visco was speaking at a day long clinical roundtable discussion, organised by the Institute of Medicine on 2 September, to look at how to build public trust in clinical research.

“The public needs to understand how the [research] process works and on what basis decisions are made,” she said, adding that this should include resources for educating the public in much the same way that doctors' continuing education is supported.

Ms Visco outlined how her organisation has built ties with industry, government, and academic researchers to …
Points from Letters: Shortage of Casualty Officers
Authors: D. K. Guha-Ray
Journal: BMJ (1970)

further "dram" before entering the ambulance.On admission he was confused and in pain with noticeably cold extremities.Oral temperature was 97' F. (36' C.).Blood pressure 140/80, pulse 72 and small volume.The abdomen was distended and diffusely tender.There was some guarding, and bowel sounds were faint and infrequent.The pupils were unequal, moderately dilated, and did not react to light.Tendon jerks were brisk and the plantar responses flexor.Urine: some albumin and trace of acetone, but no sugar.Blood pH 7-08, Pco2