tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous decrease in gastric secretory response to humoral stimuli
Authors: W. Waterfall
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The gastric response to pentagastrin was studied over a period of seven months in a healthy 25-year-old man without symptoms or history of gastrointestinal disease. An abrupt impairment of the gastric response to several stimulants was observed one month after starting the tests. Periodic testing since that time has shown no reversion to the type of response seen during the initial period of testing. A second subject with proved chronic duodenal ulceration presented an identical change in pattern of gastric response to stimulants.This study suggests that such a variation in the response to gastric stimulation in a subject with a normal stomach should be borne in mind when interpreting results of gastric secretory studies.
Correlations between Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Reduced Fetal Growth
Authors: Noriaki Washino, Yasuaki Saijo, Seiko Sasaki, Shizue Kato, Susumu Ban, Kanae Konishi, Rie Ito, Ayako Nakata, Yusuke Iwasaki, Koichi Saito, Hiroyuki Nakazawa, Reiko Kishi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are man-made, ubiquitous, and persistent contaminants in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Although recent studies have shown that these chemicals interfere with fetal growth in humans, the results are inconsistent.ObjectivesOur goal was to investigate the correlation between relatively low levels of PFOS and PFOA in maternal serum and birth weight and birth size.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study between July 2002 and October 2005 in Sapporo, Japan. A total of 428 women and their infants were involved in the study. We obtained characteristics of the mothers and infants from self-administered questionnaire surveys and from medical records. We analyzed maternal serum samples for PFOS and PFOA by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, PFOS levels negatively correlated with birth weight [per log10 unit: β = −148.8 g; 95% confidence interval (CI), −297.0 to −0.5 g]. In addition, analyses stratified by sex revealed that PFOS levels negatively correlated with birth weight only in female infants (per log10 unit: β = −269.4 g; 95% CI, −465.7 to −73.0 g). However, we observed no correlation between PFOA levels and birth weight.ConclusionOur results indicate that in utero exposure to relatively low levels of PFOS was negatively correlated with birth weight.
Oral treatment for hepatitis B gets approval in United States
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The first oral treatment for hepatitis B infection has just received approval from an advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Lamivudine (Epivir), also known as 3TC, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that blocks viral replication and is currently used to combat AIDS.

Hepatitis B virus infects about 350 million people worldwide. No cure exists, and current strategies rely on vaccination or treatment …
Reviews and Notes: Infectious Disease Medicine: AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: Thomas J. Spira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 September 1993Reviews and Notes: Infectious Disease Medicine: AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV InfectionThomas J. Spira, MDThomas J. Spira, MDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00056 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV InfectionSecond edition. Gary P. Wormser; ed. 739 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1992. $130.00.Any editor who takes it on himself or herself to cover a wide-ranging, rapidly developing field in a single volume has a formidable task. When that field is as rapidly changing as that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the task is even more daunting. This textbook is one of three recently published that cover clinical manifestations of HIV infection [1, 2]. It is a comprehensive volume combining epidemiology; biologic properties of the virus; clinical, immunologic, and pathologic manifestation of the ...References1. DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA; eds. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Boston: J.B. Lippincott; 1992. Google Scholar2. Sande MA, Volberding PA; eds. The Medical Management of AIDS. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1992. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 446-447KeywordsAIDSClinical epidemiologyEpidemiologyForecastingHIVHIV clinical manifestationsHIV infectionsInfectious diseasesLesionsScientists ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopy in Lye Burns of Oesophagus and Stomach
Authors: J. Poelman, R. Hausman, H. W. Hoitsma
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Upon ingestion of lye and its compounds severe corrosive lesions may develop not only in the oesophagus but also of the stomach. These are frequently not recognized until life-threatening complications have set in. Two case histories are reported to point to the need for early endoscopic examinations. Brown-black discoloration of the mucosa of the stomach signifies necrosis through the thickness of the wall which is an indication for immediate resection.
FIRST DEMONSTRATION THAT HEPATIC APOB100 AND INTESTINAL APOB48 CO-LOCALIZE WITH MACROPHAGES IN HUMAN CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES
Authors: Jesus Gustavo Vazquez Figueroa, Abhinav Sharma, Sarah Rinehart, Zhen Qian, Kunal Bhatt, Parag Joshi, Andrew Pryor, Brett Blackman, Tamio Teramoto, Teruhiko Matsushima, Makoto Kinoshita, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Strain difference in the induction of T-cell activation-associated, interferon gamma-dependent hepatic injury in mice
Authors: Hidekazu Mizuhara, Masako Kuno, Nobuo Seki, Wen-Gong Yu, Makiko Yamaoka, Masakatsu Yamashita, Toshikazu Ogawa, Kenji Kaneda, Takashi Fujii, Hachiro Senoh, Hiromi Fujiwara
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

A single intravenous injection of concanavalin A (Con A) induces T-cell activation-associated inflammatory injury selectively in the liver. This study investigated the strain difference in the development of Con A-induced hepatic injury. Normal C57BL/6 and BALB/c spleen cells produced comparable levels of T-cell-derived lymphokines (interferon gamma [IFN-gamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) following in vitro stimulation with Con A. A single intravenous injection of Con A to C57BL/6 mice induced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-2 comparable with or slightly higher than those observed in BALB/c mice, whereas the same treatment resulted in an apparently lower level of IFN-gamma production in C57BL/6 mice. RNA from livers of Con A-treated C57BL/6 mice exhibited lower levels of IFN-gamma mRNA than RNA of BALB/c livers. Unexpectedly, a dramatic difference in the severity of hepatic injury was observed between C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Namely, the peak alanine transaminase (ALT) level was more than 15,000 U/L and inducible as early as 8 hours after injection of 0.2 mg Con A per mouse in the C57BL/6 strain, whereas the peak was approximately 3,000 U/L and induced as late as 24 hours after Con A injection in the BALB/c strain. The increase in plasma ALT levels was limited to less than 10% by injection of anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both strains. The C57BL/6 strain inducing lower levels of IFN-gamma exhibited higher IFN-gamma responsiveness as exemplified by the intrahepatic expression of an IFN-gamma-inducible gene, an inducible type of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS). These results indicate that, while IFN-gamma produced in vivo by activated T cells induces hepatic injury, there exists a striking strain difference in the induction of IFN-gamma-dependent hepatic injury.
A national health research policy.
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

potential of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields must be weak.It may be that as the wavelength of electro- magnetic radiation lengthens and the frequency decreases the carcinogenic effect diminishes.Further studies to evaluate the health hazards from extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields should take into account the complexities of measuring the strength of magnetic fields separately from that of electric fields.A comprehensive, relevant, and valid method for assessing exposure is needed.Standards on limiting exposure to magnetic fields have been developed in several countries, and it would be useful to make these standards uniform by basing them on sound scientific data.
Incidence of colorectal cancer in proctocolitis: a retrospective study of 959 cases over 40 years.
Authors: Z Maratka, J Nedbal, J Kocianova, J Havelka, J Kudrmann, J Hendl
Journal: Gut (1985)

The incidence of colorectal cancer was studied by the actuarial method in 959 patients with idiopathic proctocolitis seen from 1942 to 1981. Forty five per cent had rectal, 23% left-sided, and 32% total involvement of the colon. Six cancers were found: one in the rectal, one in the left-sided, and four in the total form of the disease. The risk of cancer per patient year in total colitis was zero per 2151 patient years in the first decade, 1/462 in the second decade, 1/315 in the third decade, and 1/75 in the fourth decade. The cumulative risk of developing cancer was zero at 10 years of duration of the disease, approximately 5% at 20 years, 15% at 30 years, and 20% at 35 years. This increase in risk of cancer is less than reported in some other series. Geographical differences in the incidence of cancer in proctocolitis could influence the risk and therefore also the long-term management of patients with proctocolitis in different geographical areas.
Mechanism of late onset ischemic mitral regurgitation following Dor s procedure
Authors: Keiko Yuge, Yutaka Otsuji, Kenichi Nakashiki, Naoko Mizukami, Xiaoyan Zhou, Wataru Hasegawa, Takayuki Ueno, Akira Kisanuki, Shinichi Minagoe, Ryuzou Sakata, Robert A. Levine, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
AT-62 * ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL CONCERNING THE EXTENT OF SURGICAL RESECTION IN NEW GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME: A SINGLE-CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT
Authors: J. Wright, R. Tresman, C. Dubois, J. Lewis, S. Surash
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Within the literature there is a body of evidence which suggests greater cytoreductive surgery increases survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Complete surgical resection is not always possible and often only sub-total resection or biopsy is achieved. AIMS: We analysed survival of patients treated at our single neuro-oncology centre in the post-Stupp era regarding extent of surgical resection in relation to overall survival (OS). METHODS: Retrospective cohort sub-set analysis of the 90 patients newly diagnosed with GBM between December 2009 and December 2013, treated under Stupp combined modality protocol through a retrospective review of clinical records, comparing survival of patients who underwent biopsy, sub-total resection and complete resection. Survival data was calculated from date of diagnostic surgery. Survival analysis was completed for each subgroup using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Whole cohort median OS was 14 months with a 40.9% 2-year survival rate. Biopsy group median OS was 9 months (18 patients; 20%). Subtotal resection (<90% tumour volume) group median OS was 12.5 months (24 patients; 26.67%). Complete resection (>90% tumour volume) group median OS was 15 months (48 patients; 53.33%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing complete resection have increased median OS compared to those undergoing less radical surgery. In patients unsuitable for radical surgery, biopsy or subtotal resection may provide a viable alternative alongside Stupp protocol. NOTE: further data of 25 patients to be analysed before finalisation.
Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population.
Authors: Lawrence M Schell, Melinda Denham, Alice D Stark, Marta Gomez, Julia Ravenscroft, Patrick J Parsons, Aida Aydermir, Renee Samelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

To determine the influences of maternal diet and nutrition during pregnancy on the blood lead level of neonates, we conducted a study of mother-infant pairs from lower socioeconomic circumstances living in Albany County, New York. Maternal blood lead (MBPb), anthropometry, and diet were assessed in each trimester. Neonates' blood lead (NBPb) levels were low (geometric mean = 1.58 micro g/dL), and none had elevated blood lead. More than 50% of the mothers had intakes below the recommended dietary allowances for zinc, calcium, iron, vitamin D, and kilocalories. As expected, MBPb was strongly and positively related to NBPb. Among the anthropometric measures of maternal nutritional status, variables measuring gain in weight and arm circumference were negatively related to NBPb. In multivariable models reflecting different analytic strageties and including MBPb, anthropometry, and sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intakes of iron and vitamin D were negatively related to NBPb. The effect of zinc varied substantially depending on model covariates. Effects of dietary constituents are difficult to distinguish, given the intercorrelated nature of nutrients in the diet. Nevertheless, the influences of maternal anthropometric variables, iron, and vitamin D on neonatal lead levels are clear in our analyses.
Growth factor activation of the estrogen receptor in vascular cells occurs via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway.
Authors: R H Karas, E A Gauer, H E Bieber, W E Baur, M E Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The classical estrogen receptor ERalpha mediates many of the known cardiovascular effects of estrogen and is expressed in male and female vascular cells. Estrogen-independent activation of ERalpha is known to occur in cells from reproductive tissues, but has not been investigated previously in vascular cells. In this study, transient transfection assays in human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMC) and pulmonary vein endothelial cells (PVEC) demonstrated ERalpha-dependent activation of estrogen response element-based, and vascular endothelial growth factor-based reporter plasmids by both estrogen-deficient FBS (ED-FBS) and EGF. In nonvascular cells, ERalpha-mediated gene expression can be activated via mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase- induced phosphorylation of serine 118 of ERalpha. However, in vascular cells, we found that pharmacologic inhibition of MAP kinase did not alter EGF-mediated ERalpha activation. In addition, a mutant ER containing an alanine-for-serine substitution at position 118 was activated to the same degree as the wild-type receptor by ED-FBS and EGF in both HSVSMC and PVEC. Furthermore, constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) activated ERalpha in Cos1 cells as expected, but MAPKK inhibited ER activation in PVEC. We conclude that growth factors also stimulate ERalpha-mediated gene expression in vascular cells, but find that this occurs via a MAP kinase-independent pathway distinct from that reported previously in nonvascular cells.
The unfolded protein response protects human tumor cells during hypoxia through regulation of the autophagy genes MAP1LC3B and ATG5
Authors: Kasper M.A. Rouschop, Twan van den Beucken, Ludwig Dubois, Hanneke Niessen, Johan Bussink, Kim Savelkouls, Tom Keulers, Hilda Mujcic, Willy Landuyt, Jan Willem Voncken, Philippe Lambin, Albert J. van der Kogel, Marianne Koritzinsky, Bradly G. Wouters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Tumor hypoxia is a common microenvironmental factor that adversely influences tumor phenotype and treatment response. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia occurs through multiple mechanisms, including activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent reports have indicated that hypoxia activates a lysosomal degradation pathway known as autophagy, and here we show that the UPR enhances the capacity of hypoxic tumor cells to carry out autophagy, and that this promotes their survival. In several human cancer cell lines, hypoxia increased transcription of the essential autophagy genes microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) through the transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP, respectively, which are regulated by PKR-like ER kinase (PERK, also known as EIF2AK3). MAP1LC3B and ATG5 are not required for initiation of autophagy but mediate phagophore expansion and autophagosome formation. We observed that transcriptional induction of MAP1LC3B replenished MAP1LC3B protein that was turned over during extensive hypoxia-induced autophagy. Correspondingly, cells deficient in PERK signaling failed to transcriptionally induce MAP1LC3B and became rapidly depleted of MAP1LC3B protein during hypoxia. Consistent with these data, autophagy and MAP1LC3B induction occurred preferentially in hypoxic regions of human tumor xenografts. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy sensitized human tumor cells to hypoxia, reduced the fraction of viable hypoxic tumor cells, and sensitized xenografted human tumors to irradiation. Our data therefore demonstrate that the UPR is an important mediator of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and that it contributes to resistance to treatment through its ability to facilitate autophagy.
Massive Propranolol Therapy and Uncomplicated Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Charles J. Kopriva
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CLINICAL practice in several major centers and our recent hemodynamic work 1 support the thesis that therapy with propranolol hydrochloride in moderate doses need not necessarily be discontinued before open heart surgery. However, it is possible that patients who are receiving large doses of propranolol might have adverse responses to anesthesia and operation, particularly if they have suffered recent loss of myocardium. Uncomplicated anesthesia and open heart surgery was performed in a patient who had two recent myocardial infarctions and was taking the equivalent of 2,800 mg of propranolol hydrochloride/70kg/24 hr and who had high preoperative serum propranolol levels.  Report of a Case  A 55-year-old dwarf weighing 40 kg was scheduled for cardiac surgery. Seven months previously he had suffered an anterior myocardial infarction, followed by a repeated infarction six weeks before surgery. Four weeks before surgery, he was admitted to the hospital because of severe, persistent chest pain that
Effect of Breathing Oxygen in Patients with Severe Pulmonary Vascular Obstructive Disease
Authors: EHUD KRONGRAD, H. FREDERIC HELMHOLZ, DONALD G. RITTER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

During cardiac catheterization in nine patients with ventricular septal defect and seven patients with truncus arteriosus, all with severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, hemodynamics were compared while they were breathing first room air and then 100% oxygen. Patients with higher pulmonary vascular resistance had higher systemic vascular resistances. With 100% oxygen, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased and systemic vascular resistance increased in both groups. The effect of oxygen was found to be more pronounced on the systemic than on the pulmonary vascular bed in the patients studied. Indicator-dilution dye curves changed and exhibited characteristics of left-to-right shunts in patients with severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, as a result solely of an increase in systemic resistance; that is, without a decrease in pulmonary resistance. It is suggested that in patients with severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease maintenance of an increased systemic resistance is essential to well being and is a factor in longevity. It is also suggested that any transient decrease in systemic resistance in these patients might initiate a vicious cycle leading to sudden death.
Absorption and Metabolism of Levodopa
Authors: William B. Abrams, Claude B. Coutinho, Arthur S. Leon, Herbert E. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Although levodopa is a natural body substance, it is also a new drug, and as such, information is needed on the extent and rate of absorption, the distribution in the body, and the mechanisms and rate of elimination. Furthermore, the desired actions in the brain and the central and peripheral side effects appear to be due to one or more biotransformation products rather than to levodopa itself. The current hypothesis of the mechanism of action of levodopa holds that parkinsonism is due to a deficiency of the dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra which terminate in the corpus striatum.<sup>1</sup>Dopamine itself cannot be used in treatment because of its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, levodopa, an amino acid, enters the brain and is readily decarboxylated to dopamine. Thus, the metabolism of levodopa is of great clinical significance. In our laboratories, absorption and metabolism studies have been conducted
METHYL-VIOLET.Read at the Missouri Valley Medical Association at Kansas City, Mo., December 20, 1890.
Authors: FLAVEL B. TIFFANY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

A few months ago Dr. J. Stilling, of Strasbourg gave to the world in the<i>Revue Generale d' Ophthalmologie</i>his experience in the use of methyl-violet in the treatment of various affections, more especially those of the eye. When the article first appeared, May, 1890, I took the liberty of translating it, and subsequently my translation was published in two numbers, (non-consecutive) of Dr. Lanphear's<i>Kansas City Medical Journal.</i>I commenced the use of methyl-violet from the day I first read Prof. Stilling's article, for at that time I had on hand a case of suppurative iritis which had resisted all treatment, continuing step by step through the several stages of inflammation until panophthalmitis seemed inevitable. The patient was an old man, 72 years of age, rather feeble physique, upon whom I had made extraction of a nuclear cataract some eight weeks previous to the attack of iritis. He had
Coronary Arteriography
Authors: John A. Williams, David Littmann, Jack H. Hall, Sven Bellman, Peter B. Lambert, Howard A. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE merits of the loop-end catheter method for coronary arteriography, described in the first section of this communication, have been evaluated in studies of 32 patients.This report presents the details of the technic employed in these clinical studies, the angiographic results and a discussion of precautionary measures imperative for safe application of this new method.Materials and MethodsAll 32 patients were men between thirty-three and sixty-eight years of age. Many of the studies were carried out in conjunction with conventional cardiac catheterization for evaluation of acquired valvular heart disease.Premedication consisted of meperidine and a barbiturate. Local analgesia . . .