tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2773: Junction plakoglobin gene polymorphisms in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Jan Liu, Inik Chang, Kamaldeep Singh, Angela V. Dahiya, Shahana Majid, Sharanjot Saini, Mohd S. Zaman, Yi Chen, Varahram Shahryari, Herman Sandhu, Soichiro Yamamura, Seong O. Suh, Guoren Deng, Yuichiro Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Junction plakoglobin (JUP) is a member of the catenin family that forms complexes with cadherins and these molecules play a role in cell adhesion and motility. Prior studies have demonstrated genetic alterations of the JUP gene to be a risk for diseases. In prostate, expression of JUP has been shown to be down-regulated in the carcinogenesis process and mutations of this gene may play a role in this process. In this study, we hypothesize that polymorphic variants of the JUP gene can be a risk factor for prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, the genetic distributions of five JUP polymorphisms were analyzed in 131 normal healthy subjects, 132 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 177 sporadic prostate cancer samples by sequence-specific PCR and sequencing. The polymorphic sites evaluated were codon 697 (Met to Leu, rs1126821) along with four locations in the promoter region at the following base pairs prior to the ATG start site: -3633 (C to G, rs12450138), -5971 (A to C, 11650969), -9598 (T to C, rs4479305), and -14959 (G to A, rs12937988). Results of these experiments demonstrate that the variants at the -5971 (P&amp;lt;0.02) and -9598 (P&amp;lt;0.07) sites are associated with prostate cancer when compared to normal controls. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for cancer were 2.55 and 1.37-4.75, respectively, for -5971 C/C genotype compared to wildtype; and 2.11 and 1.14-3.91, respectively, for -9598 C/C compared to wildtype. Likewise, the variant allele was significantly associated with prostate cancer for both polymorphic sites (P&amp;lt;0.02). Linkage between the -5971, and -9598 sites were observed (D’ = 1). Haplotype analyses show the bases A and T, representing wildtype at the -5971 and -9598 sites, respectively, to be significantly reduced in prostate cancer (P&amp;lt;0.01). However, no differences were observed for the Met697Leu, -3633, and -14959 polymorphic sites for prostate cancer. Also, BPH did not associate with any of the polymorphic sites as compared to healthy controls. This is the first report that evaluates JUP polymorphism in prostate cancer and these results are important in understanding their role in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2773
THE CONDITIONED REFLEX TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLISM
Authors: William S. Kroger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with considerable interest the articles on the treatment of chronic alcoholism by Lemere and others and by Miller inThe Journal, September 26. For the past ten years I have had gratifying success in producing cures of many years' duration in the treatment of chronic alcoholism by establishing a "conditioned reflex" under hypnosis. I wish to call attention to the successful use of suggestive therapy in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. The various combinations of suggestive therapy are used to speed up an otherwise slow process and are used to create an aversion to the sight, smell, taste and thought of alcohol. Briefly, the following procedure is used: A state of heightened suggestibility is induced with deep hypnosis as it is scientifically applied in medicine. With the patient in a deep hypnotic state, the suggestion is made that he will be given a drink of
Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase Alpha catalytic subunit kinase domain mutations impart a favorable prognosis on estrogen receptor positive breast cancer through a mechanism that is independent of responsiveness to endocrine treatment.
Authors: MJ Ellis, L Lin, R Crowder, Y Tao, DB Evans, J Steinseifer, R Bandaru, W Liu, H Gardner, V Semiglazov, J Baselga
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6060 Background. Mutations in the alpha catalytic subunit of phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PIK3CA) occur in approximately 30% of ER positive breast cancers but the impact of PIK3CA mutation status on the response to endocrine therapy has not been adequately studied.&amp;#x2028; Methods. cDNA and genomic DNA derived from baseline formalin-fixed core biopsy specimens from two neoadjuvant endocrine therapy trials (P024 and the letrozole alone arm of the RAD 2222 trial) were sequenced to detect exon 9 (helical domain - HC) and exon 20 (kinase domain - KD) mutations in PIK3CA. Interactions between mutation status and clinical, pathological and biomarker response to neoadjuvant letrozole and tamoxifen were determined.&amp;#x2028; Results. No impact of PIK3CA KD mutation on the efficacy of letrozole or tamoxifen on either clinical, pathological or Ki67 biomarker response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy was detected in either study. In the 2222 trial, PI3KCA mutation status (KD and HD) was associated with higher levels of pAKT (P=0.01) confirming these mutations activate the PI3 kinase pathway. Despite the lack of an interaction with short term endocrine therapy efficacy endpoints, PIK3CA KD mutation, but not HD mutation, was a favorable prognostic factor for relapse free survival in the P024 trial (RFS log rank P=0.02) and the protective effect was maintained in a Cox proportional hazards model for relapse that included post treatment (surgical), Ki67 and ER and pathological node status and tumor size (HR for no KD mutation, 14, CI:1.9-105 P=0.01). The KD mutation-associated protective effect was particularly dramatic in a tumor subset that exhibited a biomarker profile indicative of endocrine therapy resistance and poor outcome (RFS Log Rank P=0.007 within worst outcome group).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: In agreement with other studies, PIK3CA KD mutations but not HD mutations are associated with a favorable outcome in ER+ breast cancer but the protective effect of KD mutation is apparently independent of the degree of sensitivity to endocrine treatment. An alternative explanation for the protective effect of the presence of a KD domain mutation is that this mutation class reduces the metastatic potential of breast cancer. Pharmacological strategies that plan to specifically target tumors with PIK3CA KD mutations should take this possibility into account. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6060.
Increased QT dispersion in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina and cardiac arrest
Authors: N Parchure
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: We sought to compare QT dispersion in patients presenting with Prinzmetal's variant angina complicated by cardiac arrest or syncope and patients with uncomplicated variant angina. Background: Despite the usually benign course of treated Prinzmetal's variant angina, a proportion of vasospastic angina patients develop ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in association with coronary spasm. Increased QT dispersion has been suggested to increase susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery spasm. Methods: We studied 25 consecutive patients (mean age 58 years; 14 men) with classical Prinzmetal's variant angina and documented coronary artery spasm. None of the patients had coronary artery stenoses ≤40%. Five patients had suffered a documented cardiac arrest, two had recurrent syncope and 18 had no arrhythmic events or syncopal episodes. In all patients QT dispersion (QT maximum−QT minimum in every ECG lead) was measured on the baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram at study entry using a digitising board. Results: Mean (±S.D.) QT dispersion of study patients was 62.3±19.5 ms. QT dispersion in patients with cardiac arrest and syncope (79.4±17.3 ms) was significantly higher compared to patients with no such events (56.3±16.9 ms), (95% CI 7.5–38.8, P = 0.005). No significant clinical, biochemical or angiographic differences were found between patients with and those without cardiac arrest or syncope. Conclusion: QT dispersion is increased in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina complicated by cardiac arrest and syncope compared to patients without such events. Increased QT dispersion may be both a substrate for sudden cardiac death and a marker of risk in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina.
Ischemic Conditioning Protects the Uremic Heart in a Rodent Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Conor J. Byrne, Kieran McCafferty, Julius Kieswich, Steven Harwood, Petros Andrikopoulos, Martin Raftery, Christoph Thiemermann, Muhammad M. Yaqoob
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease are extremely poor. Ischemic conditioning techniques are among the most powerful cytoprotective strategies discovered to date. However, experimental data suggest that comorbidity may attenuate the protective effects of ischemic conditioning.We conducted investigations into the effects of chronic uremia on myocardial infarct size and the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), remote ischemic preconditioning, and ischemic postconditioning in 2 rodent models of chronic uremia. In addition, a limited investigation into the signaling mechanisms involved in cardioprotection after IPC was performed in both uremic and nonuremic animals. Myocardial infarct size was increased in uremic animals, but all 3 conditioning strategies (IPC, remote IPC, ischemic postconditioning) proved highly efficacious in reducing myocardial infarct size (relative reduction, 86%, 39%, and 65% [P<0.005, P<0.05, and P<0.05], respectively). Moreover, some protocols (IPC and ischemic postconditioning) appeared to be more effective in uremic than in sham (nonuremic) animals. Analysis of the signaling mechanisms revealed that components of both the reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways were similarly upregulated in both uremic and nonuremic animals after an IPC stimulus.Conditioning strategies may present the best opportunity to improve outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease after an acute coronary syndrome.
Psychiatric Aspects of Female Sterilization
Authors: M. Sim, J. M. Emens, J. A. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Follow-up of 151 women who had been sterilized for social or gynaecological reasons one to three years earlier showed that 146 were completely satisfied with the results of the operation on their health and on their sexual relationships with their husbands. The five who were dissatisfied either wished they could still conceive or found the operation had not produced the effect hoped for. On the basis of this study we believe that adverse psychiatric sequelae of sterilization can be kept to a minimum with careful selection of patients. Women should be over 30 or if younger should have had two or more children, and the operation should not be performed at childbirth, in the neonatal period, or during a postabortive depression.
Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction
Authors: B. Parsons-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1940)

It is generally admitted that pulmonary embolism and infarction should be regarded as major circulatory emer gencies, and, although these conditions are still more often than not unsuspected or in doubt until post-mortem examination, there is fortunately good reason to assume that their clinical features have in recent years become more clearly defined, and that in consequence the per centage of correct diagnoses has increased materially. Although, however, the essential basis of our knowledge concerning pulmonary embolism and infarction is derived from necropsy studies, considerable advances have now been achieved in the fields of clinical medicine and experi mental research, which, in conjunction, have provided evi dence of a thoroughly practical and reliable character.
Death Rates from Coronary Disease — Progress and a Puzzling Paradox
Authors: Daniel Levy, Thomas J. Thom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In the late 1940s, recognition of coronary heart disease (CHD) as the leading cause of death in the United States prompted efforts to identify factors promoting its occurrence, in the belief that the resultant insights would advance knowledge of the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and pave the way for its prevention. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and cigarette smoking were identified by the early 1960s as principal risk factors for CHD.1,2 More recently, clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering therapies, along with investigations of smoking cessation, have documented the benefits of treating these risk factors and established beyond any doubt . . .
What is the prior probability of a proposed new treatment being superior to established treatments?
Authors: I. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Terence Stephenson and David A Walker ask whether parents and children who are considering participating in a clinical trial of a new treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia should be made aware that “for the past decade the new experimental treatments [studied in randomised trials] have given better outcomes.”1 In other words, hunches based on non-randomised evidence about which developments …
The effect of bacterial products on synovial fibroblast function: hypermetabolic changes induced by endotoxin
Authors: Robert B. Buckingham, C. William Castor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effects of bacterial products on selected synovial fibroblast functions were studied. Extracts of commonly encountered microorganisms were prepared by sonic or mechanical disruption. "Purified" endotoxins were prepared from selected organisms, and in some cases were purchased commercially. Normal fibroblasts were derived from synovial connective tissue obtained from amputations or arthrotomy. The cells were grown as a monolayer on glass and were nourished by a semisynthetic nutrient medium. Extracts of Gram-negative bacteria, applied to fibroblast cultures, markedly increased hyaluronic acid production, glucose utilization, and lactate output. Treatment of the extracts with heat at 100 degrees C for (1/2) hr decreased their effectiveness by approximately 40%. Purified Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin stimulated synovial fibroblasts to an extent comparable to that caused by heat-treated whole extracts. The lipid moiety of the endotoxin molecule appeared to account for much of the stimulatory activity of the endotoxin. Extracts of commonly encountered Gram-positive cocci, yeast, and Mycoplasma had no stimulating capabilities. Corynebacterial extracts, however, had definite stimulating potential. Endotoxin-synovial cell interaction experiments demonstrated that endotoxin was bound to fibroblasts. Reassay of the endotoxin after extraction from the cells showed that it retained its stimulatory potential. The metabolic phenomena stimulated by bacterial products duplicate the major known actions of connective tissue-activating peptide (CTAP). The observations made in this study suggest that bacterial products may participate in a fundamental way in the activation process, and indicate a possible role for bacterial products in synovial inflammation in humans.
Elevation of True Creatine Kinase—MB in a Patient With Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Peter G. McGing
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a report<sup>1</sup>published inTHE JOURNAL, a patient was described who had adenocarcinoma of the lung with an elevated serum level of what at first appeared to be the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK), but was found not to be "true" MB. Subsequently, in the LETTERS section ofTHE JOURNAL, the true nature of the CK-MB reported by these authors, and also by previous workers, was discussed.<sup>2</sup>A small number of patients with cancer who had elevated serum levels of CK-MB have previously been reported. In only one case<sup>3</sup>was the isoenzyme identified in tumor tissue. Unfortunately, the primary means of identification in all of these reports was electrophoresis. While electrophoresis is an important component of such identification, it is not diagnostic by itself. Non-MB isoenzymes migrating as CK-MB have been reported in the literature and we have also identified such a
Functional Significance of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sharanjot Saini, Jan Liu, Soichiro Yamamura, Shahana Majid, Kazumori Kawakami, Hiroshi Hirata, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a Wingless-type (Wnt) antagonist that has been associated with various malignancies, including renal cell carcinomas (RCC). However, the functional significance of SFRP1 has never been investigated in metastatic RCC. Here, we investigated the role of this molecule in kidney cancer progression and metastasis. Using Wnt pathway-focused cDNA expression profiling in normal renal, primary RCC, and metastatic RCC cell lines, we identified that SFRP1 is up-regulated in metastatic RCC. SFRP1 overexpression in metastatic RCC was confirmed by immunostaining in renal tissues. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying SFRP1 up-regulation by analyzing DNA methylation and histone modification patterns on SFRP1 promoter. We found that this gene is unmethylated/hypomethylated and enriched in activating histone modifications in metastatic RCC. To understand the functional significance of SFRP1 overexpression in metastatic RCC with regard to tumorigenesis, we used a small interfering RNA–mediated approach to knockdown the gene and monitored cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metastatic behavior. Proliferation was unaltered and apoptosis increased on attenuation of SFRP1 expression. Also, SFRP1 depletion decreased the invasive potential of the metastatic RCC cell line, suggesting that the overexpression of this Wnt antagonist may be related to invasiveness and metastatic behavior in RCC. We investigated the molecular basis of the role of SFRP1 in invasion and metastasis and found that matrix metalloproteinase MMP10 is regulated by SFRP1. In conclusion, our data suggest that SFRP1 plays a role in the metastatic potential of RCC. The present findings may be important in the design of treatment modalities for metastatic RCC. [Cancer Res 2009;69(17):6815–22]
Pegloticase and Chronic Gout--Reply
Authors: J. S. Sundy, M. A. Becker, W. B. White
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxidation-reduction reactions of metal ions.
Authors: D E Carter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Several metal or metalloid ions exist in multiple oxidation states and can undergo electron transfer reactions that are important in biological and environmental systems. There are endogenous metal ions such as iron, copper, and cobalt that participate in oxidation-reduction reactions with species of oxygen like molecular dioxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. These reactions may be modulated by endogenous reducing agents such as glutathione, ascorbate, and tocopherol. The reactions can be described in terms of thermodynamics through the use of standard electrode potentials. A favorable reaction will depend on the concentrations of the reactants and may depend on the pH and/or on the presence of organic ligands that form complexes with the metal or metalloid. Arsenate (As(V)) can react with glutathione in buffered aqueous solutions to produce arsenite (As(III)) and oxidized glutathione. This reaction may be important in the methylation reactions of arsenic. Arsenic species can decrease the red blood cell levels of reduced glutathione, but the products of oxidation and the mechanism of oxidation are more complex than those found in water alone. Chromium (VI) is thought to interact with DNA after first reacting with a reducing agent such as glutathione to form lower oxidation states of chromium. These examples illustrate the importance of oxidation-reduction reactions for toxic metals and metalloids.
Coexistence of beta2 microglobulin and lambda light chain in amyloid fibrils of dialysis-unrelated plasma cell dyscrasia-associated systemic amyloidosis
Authors: N. Fujimoto, N. Wada, M. Akiyama, S. Tajima, A. Ishibashi, S. Miyakawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Background Systemic amyloidosis occurs as a result of amyloid deposition in various tissues. The amyloid fibrils in systemic amyloidosis have been reported to originate from immunoglobulin light chains. Objectives We studied the composition of amyloid fibrils from two patients with plasma cell‐associated systemic amyloidosis (PASA). Methods A double immunofluorescence study of the lesional skin of PASA was undertaken. Amyloid proteins were extracted with distilled water from one case of PASA. Results The double immunofluorescence study showed that anti‐λ light chain and anti‐β2 microglobulin antibodies mostly reacted with the same area of amyloid deposit. Amyloid deposits from two patients with PASA who had never undergone haemodialysis showed a positive reaction with the antibodies for β2 microglobulin as well as immunoglobulin λ light chain. By the use of immunoblot assay of amyloid fibril proteins, polypeptides immunoreactive with antiγ light chain antibody (29 kDa) and with anti‐β2 microglobulin antibody (12 kDa) were detected. Conclusions These results indicate that β2 microglobulin is a component of amyloid fibrils in PASA.
Diabetes is an independent predictor of increased mortality following contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention for proximal left anterior descending artery disease
Authors: Ivan P. Casserly, Liam F. Casserly, Herbert D. Aronow, Joel Reginelli, Ravish Sachar, Cameron Exaire, Kent W. Dauterman, E. Murat Tuzcu, David J. Moliterno, Deepak L. Bhatt, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)