tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International expert workshop on the analysis of the economic and public health impacts of air pollution: workshop summary.
Authors: Michelle L Bell, Devra Davis, Luis Cifuentes, Aaron Cohen, Nelson Gouveia, Lester Grant, Collin Green, Todd Johnson, Jorge Rogat, Jack Spengler, George Thurston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Forty-nine experts from 18 industrial and developing countries met on 6 September 2001 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, to discuss the economic and public health impacts of air pollution, particularly with respect to assessing the public health benefits from technologies and policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Such measures would provide immediate public health benefits, such as reduced premature mortality and chronic morbidity, through improved local air quality. These mitigation strategies also allow long-term goals--for example, reducing the buildup of GHG emissions--to be achieved alongside short-term aims, such as immediate improvements in air quality, and therefore benefits to public health. The workshop aimed to foster research partnerships by improving collaboration and communication among various agencies and researchers; providing a forum for presentations by sponsoring agencies and researchers regarding research efforts and agency activities; identifying key issues, knowledge gaps, methodological shortcomings, and research needs; and recommending activities and initiatives for research, collaboration, and communication. This workshop summary briefly describes presentations made by workshop participants and the conclusions of three separate working groups: economics, benefits transfer, and policy; indoor air quality issues and susceptible populations; and development and transfer of dose-response relationships and exposure models in developing countries. Several common themes emerged from the working group sessions and subsequent discussion. Key recommendations include the need for improved communication and extended collaboration, guidance and support for researchers, advances in methods, and resource support for data collection, assessment, and research.
ELECTRICITY IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: ERNEST DWIGHT CHIPMAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The percentage of dermatologic cases in which electricity is used naturally varies with the individual practitioner. One resorts to roentgen rays for acne, while another relies on keratolytics and vaccines; one prefers carbon dioxid snow or trichloracetic acid for certain benign new growths which another treats more confidently with the electric needle or the galvanocautery. The experience of a single observer is, therefore, not conclusive. While my own records show that 47 per cent, of all office patients receive electrical treatment in some form, it is not claimed that they furnish an index of the ideal. It is not to be expected that there will be constant agreement as to the choice of the electrical agent for a given case, in which any one of several accomplishes the same result, and in which an equivalent effect is possible without recourse to electricity at all. The principal forms of electricity used
Epidermoid Cyst of the Skull Causing Displacement of Brain
Authors: Robert C. Swisher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An epidermoid cyst of the calvarium is usually an incidental roentgenographic finding. Only rarely does this lesion become large enough to cause sufficient deformity to require surgical removal. Two cases presented show marked brain displacement and orbital erosion. The first patient died of unrelated causes, and the second patient had successful surgical removal of the cyst.
A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for Wilms tumor
Authors: Clare Turnbull, Elizabeth R Perdeaux, David Pernet, Arlene Naranjo, Anthony Renwick, Sheila Seal, Rosa Maria Munoz-Xicola, Sandra Hanks, Ingrid Slade, Anna Zachariou, Margaret Warren-Perry, Elise Ruark, Mary Gerrard, Juliet Hale, Martin Hewitt, Janice Kohler, Sheila Lane, Gill Levitt, Mabrook Madi, Bruce Morland, Veronica Neefjes, James Nicholson, Susan Picton, Barry Pizer, Milind Ronghe, Michael Stevens, Heidi Traunecker, Charles A Stiller, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Jeffrey Dome, Paul Grundy, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Modulation of brain plasticity in stroke: a novel model for neurorehabilitation
Authors: Giovanni Di Pino, Giovanni Pellegrino, Giovanni Assenza, Fioravante Capone, Florinda Ferreri, Domenico Formica, Federico Ranieri, Mario Tombini, Ulf Ziemann, John C. Rothwell, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2014)
LeVeen Shunt Dislodgement
Authors: George A. Vaida
Journal: JAMA (1980)

SINCE its introduction as a treatment for ascites in 1974, the LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt has seen expanded use in certain medical centers. Preliminary results generally have been favorable,<sup>1-4</sup>although unsatisfactory outcomes are reported.<sup>3,5,6</sup>Many are encouraged by the often quick, readily quantifiable results obtained with this device in conditions whose traditional medical treatment may imply prolonged hospitalization and many times results in only temporary improvement. The peritoneovenous shunt is now increasingly being recommended for all patients who either do not respond to medical therapy with a prompt loss of their ascites or who are difficult to treat medically.<sup>7</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This was the second Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (Philadelphia) admission for a 65-year-old male chronic alcoholic whose chief complaints were dyspnea and increasing abdominal girth. The patient had been well until Oct 3, 1977, when he came to the Jefferson Accident Ward with a new onset
Theories in health care and research: Theories of masculinity
Authors: C. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the second in a series of six articles on the importance of theories and values in health research

Series editor: Priscilla Alderson

How do theories help us to grasp various truths about men's and women's responses to illness? How do theories of masculinity illuminate the reactions of young men who have lost a sexual organ and face a life threatening disease? Why are men sometimes treated differently from women in life threatening situations?1 This paper shows how theories that underlie research influence the ways in which we perceive phenomena and how we deal with them. It questions assumptions about the concept of masculinity in medicine and how these assumptions affect men. Alternative ways of seeing may widen our perceptions, but at the same time they present us with more difficulties.

#### Summary points

In the biological approach, sexual anatomy equates with sexual destiny. Anatomy is proof of being a man. Being a man takes on a universal status, generalisable and immutable. Aggression, reason, a need for control, competitiveness, and emotional reticence are thought to be “natural” attributes for a man2 contradiction or ambiguity is anathema to …
Bile salts stimulate glycoprotein release by guinea pig gallbladderin vitro
Authors: Daniel P. O'Leary, Francis E. Murray, Bradley S. Turner, Thomas J. Lamont
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Alterations in the composition of bile during cholesterol gallstone formation appear to be responsible for increased release of gallbladder mucin, a potent cholesterol nucleating agent. We investigated the effects of bile salts on release of radiolabeled glycoproteins by explants of guinea pig gallbladder in organ culture. Bile salts, in concentrations of 1 to 5 mmol/L, caused a dose-dependent release of [3H]-glycoproteins with a range of potencies in this order: chenodeoxycholate greater than deoxycholate much greater than cholate greater than ursodeoxycholate = control. Chenodeoxycholate and deoxycholate were significantly more potent than cholate (p less than 0.0001). Unconjugated and taurine-conjugated bile salts were of similar potency. Bile salts also caused increased release of glycoproteins from explants of guinea pig gastric antrum and colon. The bile salts released after bile salt exposure included mucin and lower molecular weight glycoproteins from the gallbladder. Release of glycoproteins in response to bile salts was not inhibited by indomethacin, atropine or propranolol, nor was it dependent on extracellular calcium or microtubules. Glycoprotein release in response to bile salts was associated with membrane damage as indicated by a dose-dependent leakage of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, although light microscopy did not reveal structural damage to epithelial cells. We conclude that hydrophobic bile salts stimulate gallbladder glycoprotein release in vitro by a detergent effect on the plasma membrane rather than by a receptor-mediated secretory pathway.
Blood donation in men who have sex with men
Authors: J. P. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK’s new policy of one year deferral needs a clear communication strategy

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d5604), Grenfell and colleagues present the views and experiences of men who have sex with men (MSM) regarding the blood donation ban and proposed alternatives.1 The United Kingdom is changing the lifetime ban on men who have oral or anal penetrative sex with other men to a deferral period of one year from the last episode of penetrative sex. This change will take effect on 7 November 2011, which makes the implications of the study findings especially timely.

The first case of transfusion associated AIDS was reported in 1982. MSM had relatively high rates of infection, but blood collectors and regulators were slow to implement deferrals for fear of stigmatising gay men. This dilatory response has been characterised as a lamentable error of judgment.2 In 1985 the UK and the United States both implemented …
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs—A Worldwide Calamity
Authors: C M Kunin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

The introduction of penicillin 50 years ago was followed by an extraordinary period of discovery, exuberant use, and predictable obsolescence. Resistant bacterial strains have emerged and have spread throughout the world because of the remarkable genetic plasticity of the microorganisms, heavy selective pressures of use, and the mobility of the world population. New and more expensive drugs have appeared almost in the nick of time, but it is doubtful that they will keep pace. The problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is particularly troublesome in developing countries. The underlying problems are largely economic and societal, and no ready solutions are available. An urgent need exists for more appropriate selection and use of antimicrobial drugs in the developed as well as in developing countries. The focus in developing countries should be on the availability of safe and effective drugs and on the enforcement of more responsible national drug policies. These issues must be addressed by the collective action of governments, the pharmaceutical industry, health care providers, and consumers. The developed countries have an important stake in the ways in which antibiotics are used in developing countries because resistant microorganisms do not recognize national boundaries.
Perspective from a Sudanese refugee camp.
Authors: N R Buist
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Un medecin volontaire dans un camp de refugies dans le desert du Soudan compare son experience a celle faite quelques annees plus tot dans un camp de refugies en Thailande. Le camp actuel contient un hopital pour 35 adultes et une annexe pour 25 enfants, pour une population de 8700 refugies
Surrogate Markers in AIDS
Authors: Kofi Nuako
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 October 1992Surrogate Markers in AIDSKofi Nuako, MDKofi Nuako, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-619_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: The editorial by Lagakos and Hoth (1) addresses an interesting aspect of clinical trials involving the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some of their statements are, however, too broad. For example, surrogate markers are not necessary when dealing with conditions with well-defined therapeutic parameters and goals (for example, normal thyroid function tests in thyroxine replacement or gastric pH above 4 in antacid prophylaxis of stress ulcer).The use of a CD4 count of 200 as a threshold in the quantitative Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definition of AIDS no longer qualifies it a surrogate marker. Zidovudine (AZT) remains...Reference1. Lagakos S and Hoth D. Surrogate markers in AIDS: Where are we? Where are we going? Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:599-601. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Lagakos S and Hoth D. Surrogate markers in AIDS: Where are we? Where are we going? Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:599-601. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kofi Nuako, MDAffiliations: Good Samaritan Hospital Baltimore, MD 21239 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 7Page: 619-619KeywordsAIDSBiomarkersClinical trialsGastric ulcersProphylaxisThyroidThyroxine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Internet Behavioral Counseling on Weight Loss in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Deborah F. Tate, Elizabeth H. Jackvony, Rena R. Wing
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Weight loss programs on the Internet appear promising for short-term weight loss but have not been studied for weight loss in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes; thus, the longer-term efficacy is unknown. Objective To compare the effects of an Internet weight loss program alone vs with the addition of behavioral counseling via e-mail provided for 1 year to individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants A single-center randomized controlled trial conducted from September 2001 to September 2002 in Providence, RI, of 92 overweight adults whose mean (SD) age was 48.5 (9.4) years and body mass index, 33.1 (3.8). Interventions Participants were randomized to a basic Internet (n = 46) or to an Internet plus behavioral e-counseling program (n = 46). Both groups received 1 face-to-face counseling session and the same core Internet programs and were instructed to submit weekly weights. Participants in e-counseling submitted calorie and exercise information and received weekly e-mail behavioral counseling and feedback from a counselor. Main Outcome Measures Measured weight and waist circumference at 0 and 12 months. Results Intent-to-treat analyses showed the behavioral e-counseling group lost more mean (SD) weight at 12 months than the basic Internet group (−4.4 [6.2] vs −2.0 [5.7] kg; P = .04), and had greater decreases in percentage of initial body weight (4.8% vs 2.2%; P = .03), body mass index (−1.6 [2.2] vs −0.8 [2.1]; P = .03), and waist circumference (−7.2 [7.5] vs −4.4 [5.7] cm; P = .05). Conclusion Adding e-mail counseling to a basic Internet weight loss intervention program significantly improved weight loss in adults at risk of diabetes.
On the Non-Identity of Croup and Diphtheria, as Shown by their Pathological and Histological Anatomy
Authors: J. Moir
Journal: BMJ (1876)

Liquid-chromatographic procedures were developed to assay the formation of diastereomeric glucuronides of propranolol (PG) and 49-hydroxypropranolol (HPG) by rat liver microsomes, with identifications performed by GC/MS techniques. Propranolol was conjugated at a rate 10% of that determined for 49-hydroxypropranolol. Glucuronyltransferase activity increased slightly (10-17%) in the presence of MgCl2. Inclusion of 0.04% Triton X-100 produced a 55% inhibition of PG formation, but increased HPG formation greater than 2-fold. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital resulted in a 4-fold increase in PG formation, but did not affect HPG formation unless MgCl2 was also present. Under these conditions, a 50-60% increase in HPG formation occurred. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene did not affect the formation of either glucuronide. (R)-(+)-Propranolol was glucuronidated 2-fold faster than the (S)-(-) enantiomer at substrate concentrations below 0.1 mM, and 1.3-fold faster at substrate concentrations above 2.0 mM. The estimated Vmax, 0.67 nmol/mg/min, was identical for both enantiomers. The dissociation constants were significantly different, however, being 0.57 mM for (R)-(+)-propranolol and 0.87 mM for (S)-(-)-propranolol. No stereoselectivity was observed in the formation of HPG when 49-hydroxypropranolol was used as substrate, or when propranolol was incubated in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Propranolol and 49-hydroxypropranolol were used as substrate, or when propranolol was incubated in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol are apparently glucuronidated by different forms of rat liver glucuronyltransferase. Furthermore, propranolol glucuronidation occurs stereoselectively in vitro because of the different enzyme affinities for the enantiomers of the drug.
Histologic studies in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion: Comparison of tapering and abrupt types of occlusion and short and long occluded segments
Authors: Masayuki Katsuragawa, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Masami Miyamae, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
THE ERYTHROPOIETIC ACTION OF GERMANIUM DIOXID
Authors: C. H. Bunting
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The criticism of our work with germanium dioxid by Dr. Hammett requires only a few words in reply. It was just because we realized that "negative" experiments must be free from dietary criticism that we repeated our experiments with a correction of that feature, even though we had made correction in our first series and still obtained negative results. In regard to controls, it may be said that as far as the blood reactions are concerned the animals injected furnished their own control as to food and environment by being held for observation over a suitable period before being treated with the drug. For pathologic control, Dr. Hammett may accept or not the twenty-five years' experience of the senior member of the group with normal and pathologic rabbits under laboratory conditions. The germanium dioxid used in our experiments was obtained directly from Professor Dennis of Cornell "for
Demonstration of Pleural-peritoneal Communication with Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: NORA B. WILCOX, KWANG G. JOO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

This case report illustrates the demonstration of pleural-peritoneal communication in a patient with a malfunctioning LeVeen shunt by a simple, noninvasive radionuclide technique. The patient was a 54-year-old woman who had had a LeVeen shunt placed for the treatment of intractable ascites. Tc-99m-sulfur colloid was injected intraperitoneally, and the scan showed concentration of the tracer in the pleural space, thus confirming pleural-peritoneal communication.
THE EFFECT OF EXERTION ON THE CIRCULATION
Authors: J. M. Macphail
Journal: BMJ (1915)

A patient with 9warm type9 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) was also an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although the direct antiglobulin test became negative after the anaemia had recovered spontaneously, antigenaemia of HBV persisted and the serum transaminase level remained normal or borderline. AIHA has not previously been described in association with the asymptomatic carrier state of HBV.
OBSERVATIONS IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS USING SUBSHOCK INSULIN IN A GROUP SETTING
Authors: HARRISON SADLER, SIDNEY RUBIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

A program is described that has proved useful in practice. It is based on the operation of a psychiatric team. It is designed to give maximum treatment to a group of psychosomatic cases so disabled by their anxiety that they could not relate themselves in a therapeutic situation. The program involves the use of subshock insulin as an adjunctive therapy helpful in allaying anxiety, improving the patient's well-being, and making him more accessible to psychotherapy. The subshock insulin treatment moreover serves as the agent around which a homogeneous group of patients can be formed. The observers note the therapeutic value of the structure, i.e., a homogeneous group within a heterogeneous group. A general tendency toward the remission of symptoms is pointed out. The observation is made that there should be a trained correlator-observer in programs for treating patients in a large therapeutic milieu, for the individual psychotherapist is often not aware of his patient's actions-in-living.
Increased expression of cell adhesion molecule P-selectin in active inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: G M Schurmann, A E Bishop, P Facer, M Vecchio, J C Lee, D S Rampton, J M Polak
Journal: Gut (1995)

The pathogenic changes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) depend on migration of circulating leucocytes into intestinal tissues. Although leucocyte rolling and tenuous adhesion are probably regulated by inducible selectins on vascular endothelia, little is known about the expression of these molecules in Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis. Using immunohistochemistry on surgically resected specimens, this study investigated endothelial P-selectin (CD62, granular membrane protein-140) in frozen sections of histologically uninvolved tissues adjacent to inflammation (Crohn9s disease = 10; ulcerative colitis = 10), from highly inflamed areas (Crohn9s disease = 20; ulcerative colitis = 13), and from normal bowel (n = 20). By light microscopy, two forms of P-selectin immunoreactivity were detected that apparently corresponded ultrastructurally to stored and released distributions. Compared with the normal gut, there was a 3.7-fold increase of P-selectin immunoreactivity on veins (p &lt; 0.0001), venules (p &lt; 0.0001), and capillaries (p &lt; 0.05) in the highly inflamed gut, without differences between Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis. In the uninvolved gut, P-selectin expression was similar to that seen in normal controls, except for a focal increase of P-selectin in the vicinity of small lymphocyte aggregates. The dramatic upregulation of P-selectin in the inflamed tissue and its potential role in leucocyte trafficking support the concept of P-selectin blocking therapy for the control of active IBD.
Doctor who lied about taking cocaine is suspended for 12 months
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An obstetrician and gynaecologist has escaped being struck off the medical register by “a hair’s breadth” after lying on oath to a court about taking cocaine and giving “implausible” evidence to a General Medical Council panel.

Senior registrar Joanna Marsden-Williams’s conduct was “dishonest, misleading, inappropriate, far below the standard expected of a registered medical practitioner, and likely to bring the profession into disrepute,” the GMC fitness to practise panel found.

But she escaped erasure from the register because of her “excellent professional reputation and standing,” numerous testimonials, “extremely laudatory” evidence from her head …