tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3540: Down-regulation of solute carrier family 17 member 1(SLC17A1) expression contributes to chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chansu Lee, Juwon Park, Jeong In Oh, Byung-Su Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Byoung Kook Kim, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Sung-Soo Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), an structural analogue of deoxycytidine, is generally considered to be the major drug in the treatment of AML. In acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) treatment, resistance to cytotoxic nucleoside analogues is a major problem. To investigate novel genes associating with becoming Ara-C resistant cells, whole genome SNP chip analysis was performed. However, there was no significant in Ara-C metabolite genes. In that analysis, 12 region of loss of heterozygote (LOH) was found in non-CR group. SLC17 family gene and HIST1H family gene located in major of LOH in non-CR group. Since SLC29A1 expression levels directly affected the Ara-C mediated Apoptosis, we selected SLC17A1 among them and functional analysis of SLC17A1 was performed. Its expression levels were examined in four different AML cell lines using RT-PCR. Its expression level was a little different but that gene seemed to be constitutively expressed. To detect the pattern change of SLC17A1 in survival AML cells against Ara-C treatments, four AML cell-lines underwent 10−8 M of Ara-C addition/ depletion for 2 and 4 cycles. The results showed that expression of SLC17A1 was decreased more than SLC29A1 expression in the same treated condition. To examine whether the expression levels of SLC17A1 was associated with Ara-C resistance, Ara-C resistant HEL cell was established in vitro and in vivo (HEL-R1 and HEL-R1-vivo). Our results indicated that SLC17A1 mRNA expression of both resistant cells is decreased or less increased than HEL cells in Ara-C treatment. And the reduction of SLC17A1 mRNA by shRNA of SLC17A1 effectively suppressed Ara-C mediated apoptosis. Our results suggested that the function of SLC17A1 gene was similar to that of SLC29A1. Taken together, the expression levels of SLC17A1 also might involve the cytotoxic effects of Ara-C treatment. SLC17A1 could be a novel gene controlling Ara-C mediated apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3540.
Fundholders to take over all purchasing
Authors: A Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Four general practices in Bromsgrove in the midlands in Britain have been given an annual budget of pounds sterling 13.2m to buy all the health services for 40 000 people. The budget, which was handed over by North Worcestershire Health Authority, will have to fund all of the health needs of Bromsgrove's residents, including accident and emergency care, ambulance services, emergency admissions to hospitals, and maternity services.

Jim Bartlett, the health authority's chief executive, said that the project was the first of its kind in Britain. “It was set up to …
Dysrhythmia vs Arrhythmia
Authors: Kenneth D. Kronhaus
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I commend Jules Constant, MD, for his efforts in trying to organize a more precise nomenclature for cardiology (240:868, 1978). However, I believe he excluded from the "Terms Wrongly Used" section the term "arrhythmia," which indicates an absence of rhythm but too often is applied to any variation from normal rhythm of the heartbeat. In contrast, the term "dysrhythmia" is not limited to irregularities of the heartbeat but also is applied to disturbances of rate and conduction.<sup>1</sup>I hope this distinction will be applied.
Submission to multiple journals to reduce publication times
Authors: Adrian S Blaj, Lucian Alexandrescu
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCE OF A CEREBRAL PALSY PARALYMPIC ATHLETE IN PREPARATION FOR THE LONDON PARALYMPIC GAMES
Authors: S Shreeve, N Rowley, C Gilby, N Mitchell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

This case study examined body composition changes of a cerebral palsy (CP) athlete, in the 12 weeks prior to the London 2012 Paralympic Games. The aim was to monitor body composition of an athlete in preparation for the London Paralympic Games as part of the optimisation of performance. Within a 12 week period, body composition assessments were completed alongside an incremental 7×200 m swimming performance test, each separated by 6 weeks. One ISAK trained anthropometrist recorded body mass, sum of 8 skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf), girths (arm, waist, hips and calf), alongside calculations of mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC). With the athlete's non-affected side being the left side, additional measurements of arm and calf circumference, bicep and triceps skinfold and MUAMC were also assessed. Sum of 8 skinfolds fluctuated over weeks 1, 6 and 12 with 65.8 mm, 60.7 mm and 63.0 mm respectively. Arm circumference in the dominant left arm increased in the 12 week period 29.7 cm, 29.4 cm and 30.5 cm respectively, with the non-dominant right arm maintaining arm circumference over the same period. Performance in the final 200 m of the incremental performance test improved at each time point. 1.2% improvement in performance was noted between weeks 1 and 6 and a 2.1% improvement between weeks 6 and 12. A total performance improvement of 3.2% was noted from the start to end of the 12 week period. This case study highlights in a CP athlete, performance and body composition changes in the lead into major competition. There was little change in body composition but improvements in performance. This suggests that minimal body fat is not critical in CP swimming performance. However, the athlete maintained muscle mass which may suggest that functional mass is more an indicator of performance and provides a direction for future work.
Diminished Perfusion to an Entire Lung Due to Mucus Plug
Authors: P TODD MAKLER, LEON S. MALMUD, N DAVID CHARKES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A dyspneic patient with Guillian-Barré syndrome underwent a perfusion lung scan and was found to have diminished perfusion to an entire lung. Twenty-four hours later, after vigorous pulmonary toilet to remove lung secretions, perfusion was almost normal. The rapid resolution of the perfusion defect makes it most likely that the cause of the abnormality was a mucus plug.
The degree of variability in the amino terminal region of the E2/NS1 protein of hepatitis C virus correlates with responsiveness to interferon therapy in viremic patients
Authors: Shun-Ichi Okada, Yoshihirc Akahane, Hiroshi Suzuki, Hiroaki Okamoto, Shunji Mishiro
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

We investigated amino acid heterogeneity in the variable regions of the E2/NS1 viral protein in interferon-responsive and interferon-nonresponsive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The study assessed whether any particular heterogeneity pattern(s) could be useful in predicting responsiveness to interferon treatment. The nucleic acid sequences of the hepatitis C virus genome were analyzed from six patients with chronic hepatitis treated with an interferon-beta, three of whom did not respond to the therapy and another three who showed remarkable improvement in the serum levels of liver enzymes and hepatitis C virus RNA after 6 mo. The complementary DNA clones propagated from each of the nonresponders showed significant diversity of both nucleotide and amino acid sequence, especially at the hypervariable region 1 within the putative E2/NS1 gene of the virus, suggesting that these patients were infected with a large heterogeneous pool of hepatitis C virus variants. In contrast, the responders showed little or no diversity in the sequence of the complementary DNA clones, suggesting that they were infected with one or a small population of viral genotypes containing significantly less variability in the E2/NS1 hypervariable region 1. These results suggested that a large variable population of hepatitis C virus genotypes is implicated in patients who are nonresponders to interferon treatment. In addition, a significant change in the hepatitis C virus genotype population was observed in nonresponders after interferon treatment. This may reflect a differential viral sensitivity to interferon, selective immune pressure by the host or both.
Recovery from Ruptured Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: P. R. Graves, I. J. B. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Arthritis in one of these joints has been described by Timpano (1934) in a workman of 63.It is interesting to note that the three surgical cases were symptom-free until their ages reached 38, 34, and 34 respectively, and that the pain became rapidly worse and intolerable, being completely relieved by removal of the joint or the clavicular outgrowth.The aetiology of the pain is most obscure.Del Valle and Giordano (1943) ascribe it to a sympathetic or plexal origin due to com- pression of microscopic nerves, which are relieved by removal of the anomalous joint.Arthritic changes and joint degeneration are considered to be causal factors, and the joint is certainly in very close proximity to the main trunks of the brachial plexus, although it is difficult to see how these could be affected by pressure from a closed joint.Lastly, a practical point.The skiagram was misleading, and it was not realized that the clavicular outgrowth actually articulated with the coracoid process until it was found that lifting the arm above the shoulder gave no improvement in operative access.Shortly afterwards, of course, an actual joint, lined with articular cartilage, was demonstrated.
Family medical care; a report on the family health maintenance demonstration.
Authors: David Littauer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The Family Health Maintenance Demostration, described by Dr. George Silver, was a natural outgrowth of demonstrations of new forms of medical care services developed at Montefiore Hospital in New York under the successive administrations of Bluestone and Cherkasky. The objectives of the demonstration were to determine how families can be motivated to use health services and to ascertain the types and range of services required to maintain family health. These broad objectives are not clearly spelled out in hypotheses that were to be proved or disproved. The methods of implementation, which were described in considerable detail, included employment of a health team composed of an internist (plus pediatrician), nurse, and social worker; a health inventory for base-line data; family conferences; team conferences; group health education; and health promotion. Medical consultation was available from the Montefiore Medical Group. The health team was supported by a health educator, a psychologist, a psychiatrist,
A Novel Potential Therapy for HSV
Authors: Richard J. Whitley, Mark Prichard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Two medications are licensed in the United States for the treatment of infection with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV): valacyclovir (approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995) and famciclovir (approved in 1997). All studied and licensed drugs for HSV infections assessed to date are selective inhibitors of HSV DNA polymerase and act as analogues of nucleoside triphosphate.1 The report by Wald and colleagues in this issue of the Journal 2 introduces two fundamentally new approaches to the study of medications for the treatment of genital herpes. One approach involves the application of daily quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) analysis to define . . .
CONGENITAL DEFICIENCY OF SPEECH AREAS: (CONGENITAL APHASIA?)
Authors: A. E. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1911)

JULY 22, -1911i explanations, of, the alleged prevalence of stone in the bladder in Norfolk-amongst which Norfolk dumplings helk a chief place.The assertions became current when Norfolk had a famous lithotomist.It was possible that his reputation, by attracting sufferers into temporary residence in the district, or perhaps his zeal in discovering cases of stone, may lhave given the district a fictitiously lithogenous character.Or was it something in the shape of the dumpling which suggested a likeness to a calculus?8. Again, it must be remembered that tllere is a large population living on chalky water, and if there were any very decided ill effects on their health the fact would be notorious-and -we should not be debating it to-day.But, on the conitrary, there is evidence pointing to some advan- tage to the lhuman economy from the ingestion of calcium salts.Dr. Arbour Stephens in February last published an article in which he set forth the view that the lack of calcium salts in the food of tr-oops on active service was a prc.disposing cauise of enteric fever and dysentery.There i,-no doubt, too, but that lj-lrd water is far preferable to soft for -growing cl-ildren.Birds are notorious calcium eaters.It hias never been suggested that thley suffer in consequence, unless, indeed, it be the domiiestic hen, and then only when its dieting has been und.ertaken by Dr. Chalmers Watson or some other ncmber of this section.
EXTEMPORE SPINAL CORSET FOR POTT'S DISEASE OF THE SPINE.
Authors: LOUIS KOLIPINSKI
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I have for some years used an extemporaneous spinal corset in place of Sayre's plaster jacket and the expensive spinal supports of the instrument makers, which possesses some advantages and may at times be found useful to others who encounter chronic diseases of the vertebral column. The corset about to be described I have found always adequate to relieve the indications presenting in these cases; pain and impaired mobility of the trunk and lower extremities and consequently it can be passed without question of fulfilling the requirements of a mechanical support. To prepare the corset a pattern is first made by means of a newspaper and scissors, arranging the former in a manner to fit the thorax and abdomen so that below, it slightly overlaps the iliac crests, meets edge to edge in front and extends upward two inches below the clavicles. Semicircles are cut on both sides to allow
Pattern recognition scavenger receptor SRA/CD204 down-regulates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling–dependent CD8 T-cell activation
Authors: Huanfa Yi, Xiaofei Yu, Ping Gao, Yanping Wang, Sun-Hee Baek, Xing Chen, Hyung L. Kim, John R. Subjeck, Xiang-Yang Wang
Journal: Blood (2009)
Mechanisms of class I restricted immunopathology. A transgenic mouse model of fulminant hepatitis.
Authors: K Ando, T Moriyama, L G Guidotti, S Wirth, R D Schreiber, H J Schlicht, S N Huang, F V Chisari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-induced immunopathology are not well defined. Using a model in which hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific CTL cause an acute necroinflammatory liver disease in HBsAg transgenic mice, we demonstrate that class I-restricted disease pathogenesis is an orderly, multistep process that involves direct as well as indirect consequences of CTL activation. It begins (step 1) almost immediately as a direct antigen-specific CTL-target cell interaction that triggers the HBsAg-positive hepatocyte to undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). It progresses (step 2) within hours to a focal inflammatory response in which antigen-nonspecific lymphocytes and neutrophils amplify the local cytopathic effect of the CTL. The most destructive pathogenetic function of the CTL, however, is to secrete interferon gamma when they encounter antigen in vivo, thereby activating the intrahepatic macrophage and inducing a delayed-type hypersensitivity response (step 3) that destroys the liver and kills the mouse. We propose that the principles illustrated in this study are generally applicable to other models of class I-restricted, CTL-induced immunopathology, and we suggest that they contribute to the immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis during hepatitis B virus infection in humans.
Value of the Medical Visit.
Authors: C. H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1900)

St. Louis, June 14, 1900.  To the Editor:  —The following is one of many letters which I have received since the publication of my communication on The Value of the Medical Visit inThe Journalof June 2. (p. 1430):  Toledo, June 7, 1900.  C. H. Hughes, M.D.:  St. Louis, Mo.:  My Dear Doctor:  —Kindly tell me if you ever knew a physician who did or could carry into practice the very truthful propositions of what ought to be done, as outlined in your letter inThe Journal.  I believe it is a fact that, in this city, a recent graduate is more likely to demand a good fee than is the man whose long experience should entitle him to it, and I think that the universal practice is to charge one price for a visit.  Respectfully,  Replying to this and many other letters. I would say that I always
Theory of mind in young human primates: Does Heyes's task measure it?
Authors: Deepthi Kamawar, David R. Olson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Three- to six-year-olds were given Heyes's proposed task and theory of mind tasks. Although they correlated, Heyes's was harder; only 50% of participants with a theory of mind reached a criterion of 75% correct. Because of the complex series of inferences involved in Heyes's task, it is possible that one could have a theory of mind and fail Heyes's version.
Abstract 2554: Synergistic antitumor effect of AUY922 in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Chi-Keung Lau, Z F. Yang, D W. Ho, C T. Lam, R Pang, S T. Fan, R T. Poon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PURPOSE: Molecularly targeted therapy is of particular importance for HCC due to a lack of efficacy with currently approved chemo-toxic therapies. It is of interest to investigate the combined effect of two molecular targeted drugs, sorafenib (a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and Raf kinase inhibitory activity) and a highly potent non-geldamycin HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922 on HCC treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS: Cell viability after different treatments was measured by both 3,[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cytofluorometric annexin-V apoptotic assay to compare the apoptotic cells induced by single versus combined treatment. Cell cycle analysis was also performed, and Western blotting was employed to determine the effects on MEK signaling, and in vivo efficacy was determined in nude mice with PLC/PRF/5 xenografts. RESULTS: Combined drugs treatment produced a synergistic effect on decreased HCC cell viability shown by MTT assay. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells were observed by apoptotic assay in combined drugs group when compared with single agents sorafenib or NVP-AUY922. Also, sorafenib combined with NVP-AUY922 induced S-phase arrest which was demonstrated by cell cycle analysis. Sorafenib alone decreases phospho-Erk1/2 expression, and this effect was further enhanced in combination treatment with NVP-AUY922. Finally, sorafenib plus NVP-AUY922 significantly suppressed PLC/PRF/5 xenograft tumor growth when compared with single (NVP-AUY922 or Sorafenib) treatment alone. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of sorafenib and NVP-AUY922 can be a new and promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2554. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2554
Shaken, not stirred: bioanalytical study of the antioxidant activities of martinis
Authors: C C Trevithick, M M Chartrand, J Wahlman, F Rahman, M Hirst, J R Trevithick
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Background:</b> Moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks seems to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cataracts, perhaps through antioxidant actions of their alcohol, flavonoid, or polyphenol contents. “Shaken, not stirred” routinely identifies the way the famous secret agent James Bond requires his martinis. <b>Objectives:</b> As Mr Bond is not afflicted by cataracts or cardiovascular disease, an investigation was conducted to determine whether the mode of preparing martinis has an influence on their antioxidant capacity. <b>Design:</b> Stirred and shaken martinis were assayed for their ability to quench luminescence by a luminescent procedure in which hydrogen peroxide reacts with luminol bound to albumin. Student9s <i>t</i> test was used for statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> Shaken martinis were more effective in deactivating hydrogen peroxide than the stirred variety, and both were more effective than gin or vermouth alone (0.072% of peroxide control for shaken martini, 0.157% for stirred <i>v</i> 58.3% for gin and 1.90% for vermouth). The reason for this is not clear, but it may well not involve the facile oxidation of reactive martini components: control martinis through which either oxygen or nitrogen was bubbled did not differ in their ability to deactivate hydrogen peroxide (0.061% <i>v</i> 0.057%) and did not differ from the shaken martini. Moreover, preliminary experiments indicate that martinis are less well endowed with polyphenols than Sauvignon white wine or Scotch whisky (0.056 mmol/l (catechin equivalents) shaken, 0.060 mmol/l stirred <i>v</i> 0.592 mmol/l wine, 0.575 mmol/l whisky). <b>Conclusions:</b> 0079s profound state of health may be due, at least in part, to compliant bartenders.
A STUDY OF THE METABOLISM OF ATROPHIC INFANTS AND CHILDREN.
Authors: A. H. WENTWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>METABOLISM OBSERVATIONS ON INFANTS.</h3> Infant's and children's metabolism has not been thoroughly investigated. The importance of such work has long been recognized, but the difficulties have appeared to be almost insurmountable. Hauser<sup>1</sup>reviewed the work which had been done on this subject up to 1900. In this summary, he called attention to numerous errors in the work and to the incompleteness and inaccuracy of many of the results. Metabolism investigations have little or no value unless continued uninterruptedly for several days. It is essential that the diet should remain unchanged and that the feces and urine should be completely segregated and the entire quantity of each collected during this period. <h3>SOURCES OF ERROR, AVOIDABLE AND UNAVOIDABLE.</h3> The chief difficulty is to collect the entire quantity of feces and urine separately. In most of the reported investigations there was either a direct loss of feces or of urine, or some