tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P104 Response of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Non-COPD Patients: Abstract P104 Table 1
Authors: SSC Kon, AL Clark, D Dilaver, MM Peasey, JL Canavan, SE Jones, MGS Ng, MS Patel, MI Polkey, WDC Man
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) assessment test (CAT) is a recently introduced, simple to use health status instrument, which takes less time to complete than better-established health status instruments (Jones PW et al 2009, Ringbaek T et al 2012). In COPD patients, the CAT improves with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and correlates with improvements in longer established health status instruments such as the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ) (Dodd et al 2011). As increasing numbers of non-COPD patients are referred for PR we investigated whether the CAT is responsive to PR in these populations. <h3>Methods</h3> 365 consecutive patients (255 COPD, 110 non-COPD) completing an eight week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme were recruited. For the non-COPD group, disease classifications included interstitial lung disease (n=27), asthma (n=37), bronchiectasis (n=29), extrathoracic restriction (n=12) and thoracic surgery for lung cancer (n=5). CAT, CRDQ and incremental shuttle walk (ISW) were collected prospectively. Paired t-tests were used to assess the CAT in COPD and non-COPD patients, and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient used to assess the relationship between change in CAT and change in CRQ with PR for non-COPD and COPD patients. <h3>Results</h3> Following PR there was a significant improvement in the CAT, CRDQ and ISW in both non-COPD and COPD (p&lt;0.001). There was a similar improvement in the mean (95% confidence interval) CAT score in both non-COPD and COPD patients (non-COPD: –2.1 (–1.0, –3.2) versus COPD: –3.0 (–2.2, –3.8); p=0.19). Change in CAT was significantly correlated with all domains of the CRQ in non-COPD patients (all p&lt;0.01 see Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> As in COPD patients, the CAT is immediately responsive to PR in non-COPD patients. Even in unselected patients undergoing PR, the CAT is a practical but robust health status instrument.
American Heart Association Seeks to Delay State Health Department Director's Confirmation
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE AMERICAN Heart Association of California is recommending that the State Senate delay confirming Molly J. Coye, MD, MPH, as director of California's Department of Health Services until she remedies what the association says are problems in the way the department is administering the state's antitobacco programs.  Speaking before the Senate Rules Committee, Dian Kiser, a representative of the association, has accused Coye of trying to scuttle California's widely praised antitobacco media campaign. She also contends that Coye's department has interfered with the scientific process by withholding research data and punishing outspoken grantees by canceling their funding.  On May 6, the rules committee voted three to zero in favor of Coye's confirmation with two abstentions, says Felice Tanenbaum, chief of staff for committee member Nicholas Petris (D, Oakland).  However, a vote on her confirmation by the Senate has been delayed about 2 weeks, Tanenbaum says, to allow it time to
TYPHOID FEVER.SOME UNCONSIDERED HINDRANCES IN ITS PROPHYLAXIS.
Authors: JOHN S. FULTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

For fifty years we have known that drinking water is the chief vehicle of typhoid infection, and this knowledge has enabled great cities to make measurably effective defense against typhoid fever. For more than twenty years it has been known that the whole problem of preventing typhoid fever lay in the disposal of typhoid dejecta. Knowing so much, it would seem that typhoid fever might have long since been reduced to insignificance as a cause of death. But the bad eminence of the disease is as conspicuous to-day as it was twenty years ago. In the grewsome story of typhoid among the United States troops during the Spanish-American War, we were confronted by a fact so humiliating that the profession has not yet had courage to consider fully its great significance. We learned that of every one hundred cases of typhoid fever sent to division hospitals, one-half had escaped the
Oral rehydration solution containing trisodium citrate for treating severe diarrhoea: controlled clinical trial.
Authors: R. N. Mazumder, S. K. Nath, H. Ashraf, F. C. Patra, A. N. Alam
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<b><i>Objective: </i></b> To characterize clinically acute insular strokes from four patients with a first ever acute stroke restricted to the insula on MRI. <b><i>Methods: </i></b> The authors studied the clinical presentation of four patients with a first ever acute stroke restricted to the insula on MRI. <b><i>Results: </i></b> The authors found five main groups of clinical presentations: 1) somatosensory deficits in three patients with posterior insular stroke (two with a transient pseudothalamic sensory syndrome, one with partial distribution); 2) gustatory disorder in a patient with left posterior insular infarct; 3) vestibular-like syndrome, with dizziness, gait instability, and tendency to fall, but no nystagmus, in three patients with posterior insular strokes; 4) cardiovascular disturbances, consisting of hypertensive episodes in a patient with a right posterior insular infarct; and 5) neuropsychological disorders, including aphasia (left posterior insula), dysarthria, and transient somatoparaphrenia (right posterior insula). <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b> Strokes restricted to the posterior insula may present with pseudothalamic sensory and vestibular-like syndromes as prominent clinical manifestations, but also dysarthria and aphasia (in left lesions), somatoparaphrenia (right lesions) and gustatory dysfunction and blood pressure with hypertensive episodes in right lesions; we did not find acute dysphagia reported in anterior, insular strokes.
Admission to Medical School
Authors: Katherine W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  We read the COMMENTARY by Dr Henry K. Silver, MD, on  consideration for admission to medical school (1982;248:1717). We agree wholeheartedly that it is important to apply the same criteria for admission to all applicants and thereby to eliminate special consideration. Furthermore, we believe such practices of fair play are the rule, not the exception, in medical schools in this country.  The policies and procedures of the Council on Selection at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine have been fine tuned to ensure a maximum level of fairness. To eliminate the advocacy role played so effectively by some interviewers and not so effectively by others, the Selection Council no longer meets as a group to listen to the comments of the two interviewers, review other application information, and vote on candidates during this session. Instead, the 20 council members (who do all the interviewing)
S88 Mast cell myositis is associated with persistent airflow limitation (PAL) in childhood severe asthma (SA)
Authors: C. J. Bossley, T. Oates, N. Regamey, L. Fleming, C. Lloyd, A. Bush, S. Saglani
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Studies of airway inflammation and remodelling may help us to understand the pathophysiology of SA. Adult studies have shown mast cell inflammation within smooth muscle is specific to asthma and is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, this has not been studied in childhood disease. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Children with SA have increased submucosal eosinophils and mast cells within smooth muscle compared to age-matched mild asthmatics and non-asthmatic controls. <h3>Methods</h3> 75 children, mean age 11.8 (5.6–17.3) years, 53 with SA, 7 with mild/moderate asthma (MA) and 15 non-asthmatic controls (bronchoscoped for upper airway symptoms) were included. All underwent spirometry and bronchodilator reversibility, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial biopsy (EB). EB were stained for: eosinophils (congo red), neutrophils (neutrophil elastase), mast cells (mast cell tryptase); and reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness, epithelial shedding and volume fraction (Vv) of smooth muscle. <h3>Results</h3> <b>See Abstract S88 Table 1.</b> Children with SA had significantly increased BAL and submucosal eosinophils compared to controls. There were no significant group differences in submucosal mast cells, but the presence of mast cells within smooth muscle exhibited a non-significant trend to be increased in SA and MA. Children with mast cells within smooth muscle were more likely to have PAL (post bronchodilator, post steroid trial FEV<sub>1</sub>&lt;80% predicted) (p&lt;0.05). The Vv of subepithelial tissue occupied by airway smooth muscle (ASM) was only increased in SA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Children with SA have increased luminal and submucosal eosinophilia. However, in contrast to reports in adults of AHR being associated with mast cell myositis, we have found severe asthmatic children with mast cell myositis were more likely to have PAL. Mast cell myositis may be a feature of severe asthma in children.
TCTAP A-083 Incomplete Stent Apposition Causes High Shear Flow Disturbances and Delay in Neointimal Coverage as a Function of Strut to Wall Detachment Distance: Implications for Stent Optimization
Authors: Nicolas Foin, Juan Luis Gutierrez Chico, Shimpei Nakatani, Ryo Torii, Renick Lee, Sayan Sen, Ricardo Petraco, Philip Wong, Carlo Di Mario, Yoshinobu Onuma, Justin E. Davies, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
IMPACT OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ON THE PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECT AND THE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF CLOPIDOGREL AFTER DRUG ELUTING STENTING
Authors: Nikolaus Sarafoff, Lydia Neumann, Tanja Morath, Isabell Bernlochner, Julinda Mehilli, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati, Dirk Sibbing, Deutsches Herzzentrum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Proteoglycan deposition in pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: E S Bensadoun, A K Burke, J C Hogg, C R Roberts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study compares the deposition of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the lung lesions of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) to those present in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tissue from individuals with ARDS (n = 7), BOOP (n = 5), IPF (n = 5), and control subjects (n = 5) was examined for glycosaminoglycans and collagen by histochemistry, and for hyaluronan, versican, decorin, biglycan, Types I and III collagen, type I procollagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that glycosaminoglycan deposition in the lesions of ARDS, BOOP, and IPF corresponded to the deposition of versican. Versican localized to the thickened interstitium in the fibroproliferative phase of ARDS, to the intraluminal buds in BOOP, and to early fibroblast foci in IPF. The versican-rich areas contained little mature collagen, but the myofibroblasts in these areas stained for type I procollagen, suggesting early collagen synthesis, and stained intracellularly for decorin. The localization of versican in ARDS, BOOP, and IPF suggests that this proteoglycan may influence early repair processes in the lung.
Achievement of early deep remission is associated with lower rates of weekly dosing for adalimumab-treated patients with crohn's disease: data from extend
Authors: W. J. Sandborn, J. F. Colombel, K. G. Lomax, P. F. Pollack, R. Thakkar, A. Camez, N. Chen, M. Yang, J. Chao, P. M. Mulani
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We explored the relationship between early deep remission and rates of dosage adjustment for patients (pts) with Crohn9s disease (CD). <h3>Methods</h3> EXTEND studied the effects of adalimumab (ADA) on mucosal healing in pts with moderate to severe ileocolonic CD (CDAI 220–450). Pts received open-label (OL) ADA 160-/80-mg induction therapy at weeks 0/2 and were randomised at week 4 to maintenance therapy with ADA 40 mg every other week (eow) or placebo through week 52. From week 8, pts with flares or non-response could receive OL ADA 40 mg eow. The maintenance regimen could be adjusted to weekly OL ADA for continued flares/non-response. Endoscopic assessments of mucosal disease activity were performed at baseline, week 12 (or unscheduled visits weeks 8–12 prior to switch to OL), time of switch to OL ADA (if after week 12) and week 52 (or early termination). Early deep remission was defined as mucosal healing (visually determined) plus clinical remission (CDAI &lt;150) at week 12. Rates of moving to OL eow and weekly therapy through week 52 were compared between pts randomised to blinded ADA maintenance therapy who achieved week-12 deep remission and those who did not. <h3>Results</h3> 64 pts were randomised to ADA maintenance therapy at week 4. ADA-treated pts who achieved deep remission by week 12 had significantly lower rates of dosage adjustment compared with pts not achieving early deep remission (table 1). No pts achieving early deep remission moved to weekly therapy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Deep remission, defined as complete mucosal healing plus clinical remission, may be an important treatment goal in CD. Pts in EXTEND who achieved deep remission by week 12 were less likely than those not achieving deep remission to move to OL eow dosing and subsequently receive weekly therapy.
Short-term and long-term effects of serial bronchoalveolar lavages in a nonhuman primate model.
Authors: F Krombach, E Fiehl, D Burkhardt, R Rienmüller, G König, B C Adelmann-Grill, H Idel, M Rosenbruch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has gained widespread use as a tool for investigating human lung diseases. In certain cases, it can be useful to obtain BAL material in a serial manner. There is convincing evidence from experimental and clinical studies that BAL can cause influx of neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar space. However, conflicting data have been reported on whether this side effect of BAL also affects previously nonlavaged lung areas. In addition, there is little information available on whether multiple repetitive BAL procedures cause damage to lung tissue. To reexamine the short-term effects of serial BAL procedures, the left lung of 10 cynomolgus monkeys was lavaged with five 20-ml aliquots of saline four times at 24-h intervals (Group A). 72 h after the initial BAL, the right lung was lavaged as a control. The percentage of neutrophils increased significantly (p < 0.05), with the greatest effect seen at 48 h (30.7 +/- 5.8 versus 0.8 +/- 0.3%, mean +/- SEM). No significant changes were observed in the control BAL of the right lung at 72 h. A multidisciplinary approach was used to assess the long-term effects of multiple BAL procedures. BAL was performed 14 times over 26 mo at 2-mo intervals (Group B, n = 5). The right lung was lavaged as a control 25 mo after the initial BAL. In addition to standard cellular BAL parameters, the concentrations of fibronectin, procollagen III amino-terminal peptide-related antigen, total phospholipids, and lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suppression of Murine Colitis and its Associated Cancer by Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Dan Blat, Ehud Zigmond, Zoya Alteber, Tova Waks, Zelig Eshhar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers a promising strategy to combat pathologies that are characterized by aberrant immune activation, including graft rejection and autoinflammatory diseases. Expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene in Tregs redirects them to the site of autoimmune activity, thereby increasing their suppressive efficiency while avoiding systemic immunosuppression. Since carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been shown to be overexpressed in both human colitis and colorectal cancer, we treated CEA-transgenic mice that were induced to develop colitis with CEA-specific CAR Tregs. Two disease models were employed: T-cell-transfer colitis as well as the azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulfate model for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Systemically administered CEA-specific (but not control) CAR Tregs accumulated in the colons of diseased mice. In both model systems, CEA-specific CAR Tregs suppressed the severity of colitis compared to control Tregs. Moreover, in the azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulfate model, CEA-specific CAR Tregs significantly decreased the subsequent colorectal tumor burden. Our data demonstrate that CEA-specific CAR Tregs exhibit a promising potential in ameliorating ulcerative colitis and in hindering colorectal cancer development. Collectively, this study provides a proof of concept for the therapeutic potential of CAR Tregs in colitis patients as well as in other autoimmune inflammatory disorders. The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers a promising strategy to combat pathologies that are characterized by aberrant immune activation, including graft rejection and autoinflammatory diseases. Expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene in Tregs redirects them to the site of autoimmune activity, thereby increasing their suppressive efficiency while avoiding systemic immunosuppression. Since carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been shown to be overexpressed in both human colitis and colorectal cancer, we treated CEA-transgenic mice that were induced to develop colitis with CEA-specific CAR Tregs. Two disease models were employed: T-cell-transfer colitis as well as the azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulfate model for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Systemically administered CEA-specific (but not control) CAR Tregs accumulated in the colons of diseased mice. In both model systems, CEA-specific CAR Tregs suppressed the severity of colitis compared to control Tregs. Moreover, in the azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulfate model, CEA-specific CAR Tregs significantly decreased the subsequent colorectal tumor burden. Our data demonstrate that CEA-specific CAR Tregs exhibit a promising potential in ameliorating ulcerative colitis and in hindering colorectal cancer development. Collectively, this study provides a proof of concept for the therapeutic potential of CAR Tregs in colitis patients as well as in other autoimmune inflammatory disorders.
Correlation Between Cervical Uptake and Results of Postsurgical Radioiodine Ablation in Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Pedro W. S. Rosário, Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro Maia, Ludmilla David Cardoso, Álvaro Barroso, Leonardo Rezende, Eduardo Lanza Padrão, Saulo Purisch
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between cervical uptake after thyroidectomy and the success of treatment of cervical remnants with high-dose radioiodine (100 mCi). Methods: Cervical uptake was retrospectively analyzed after total thyroidectomy and before treatment with radioactive iodine in 142 patients seen at our service who received 100 mCi iodine-131 and whose posttreatment scan only showed cervical uptake without distant metastases. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the uptake result obtained before ablative therapy. Results: Successful treatment, defined as stimulated thyroglobulin levels <5 ng/mL and a clean scan or only discrete cervical uptake (0.5%) 6 months to 1 year after surgery, was obtained as follows: patients with uptake <1% (n = 48) showed 95.8% treatment efficacy, those with uptake of 1–2% (n = 32) 94% efficacy, and those with uptake of 2–5% (n = 30) reached 83% success, whereas patients with uptake of 5–10% (n = 20) presented 70% efficacy, and treatment was successful in only 50% of patients with uptake >10% (n = 12). Conclusions: Postoperative measurement of cervical I-131 uptake could be a reasonable predictor of the success of the remnant ablation, and perhaps a guide in deciding the ablative dose of I-131, based on the inverse correlation between the uptake and ablation efficacy.
Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the heart during diabetes
Authors: Grant N Pierce, James C Russell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Cardiovascular disease is a significant medical problem. The diabetic population is even more susceptible to cardiovascular complications and heart failure than non-diabetic patients. Atherosclerotic complications, a neuropathy and microvascular lesions have all been implicated causally in the accelerated cardiovascular disease during diabetes. However, one mechanism which may participate in the abnormalities in heart performance demonstrated during diabetes and may also contribute to heart failure in the diabetic is a derangement in the capacity of the myocardial cell to regulate its [Ca2+]. The purpose of this treatise is to identify the current controversies and conclusions available regarding the specific defects in Ca2+ flux thought to contribute to these cardiac defects during diabetes mellitus.
Core promoters are predicted by their distinct physicochemical properties in the genome of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Kevin Brick, Junichi Watanabe, Elisabetta Pizzi
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Little is known about the structure and distinguishing features of core promoters in Plasmodium falciparum. In this work, we describe the first method to computationally identify core promoters in this AT-rich genome. This prediction algorithm uses solely DNA physicochemical properties as descriptors. Our results add to a growing body of evidence that a physicochemical code for eukaryotic genomes plays a crucial role in core promoter recognition.
Lung Delivery of Aerosolized Dextran
Authors: WARREN H. FINLAY, CARLOS F. LANGE, MALCOLM KING, DAVID P. SPEERT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The ability of nebulizers to deliver dextran (nominal molecular mass, 4,000 g/mol) to the lung as an inhaled aerosol is evaluated by in vitro experimental methods and mathematical models. Dextran in isotonic saline was aerosolized by four nebulizer types (Pari LC STAR, Hudson T-Updraft II, Acorn II, and Sonix 2000) at dextran concentrations ⩽ 400 mg/ml and with 2.5- and 4-ml volume fills. Aerosols inhaled during breath simulation were characterized by in-line phase Doppler anemometry, filter collection, osmometry, and gravimetry. Mathematical models were used to estimate amounts of the characterized aerosols depositing in the different regions of lung models, and mathematical models of mucous thickness were then developed to estimate initial concentrations of the depositing dextran in the mucus of each conducting airway generation. Models of three subjects (4 yr old, 8 yr old, and adult) were used. The high viscosity of the dextran solutions tested (up to seven times that of water) negatively impacts nebulization, and results in poor performance with most delivery systems tested. Our results suggest that airway mucosal dextran concentrations associated with efficacy in previous animal and in vitro models are achievable with reasonable delivery times ( ⩽ 12 min) with only one of the delivery systems/formulations tested: the Pari LC STAR nebulizer, using a 2.5-ml volume fill and a dextran concentration of 200 mg/ml. Finlay WH, Lange CF, King M, Speert DP. Lung delivery of aerosolized dextran.