tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medullary Carcinoma and Pheochromocytoma
Authors: T. F. C. S. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In the article by Ram et al (239:2155, 1978) it is suggested that medullary carcinoma is the only histologic variety of malignant thyroid tumor that is associated with pheochromocytoma. Occult sclerosing papillary carcinoma has been reported in two patients with pheochromocytoma. 1 In one patient, a 59-year-old woman, a glioblastoma multiforme and a parathyroid adenoma were also present. A cystic astrocytoma had been removed from the cerebellum of the other patient, a 40-year-old man, 22 years previously. No tumors were discovered in immediate relatives. However, secretory granules similar to those of medullary carcinoma have been observed in some cells of sclerosing papillary carcinoma. 2
Effectiveness of pain relief in labour: survey of 1000 mothers
Authors: Barbara Morgan, C J Bulpitt, P Clifton, P J Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The amount of pain that had been experienced by 1000 women during vaginal delivery of a live child was determined by interview within 48 hours of delivery. Patients had been offered a choice of analgesia, and 536 had received epidural analgesia: pain relief was greatest in this group, just over half having had a painless labour. The duration of pain was also reduced by a third in this group even though patients who had received an epidural block had tended to have longer labour and an incidence of assisted delivery of 51% compared with 6% in the remainder. Seventy-two per cent of the patients receiving an epidural had had as much pain as they had expected. A similar proportion (70%) was reported with simpler analgesic methods, suggesting that women may expect a certain amount of pain in labour and request further analgesic treatment when this is exceeded.
ARSENIC POISONING CAUSED BY A MOUTHWASH CONTAINING SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM ARSENITE
Authors: Harry Lowenburg
Journal: JAMA (1933)

D. G., a white girl, aged 10 years, was admitted, July 20, 1932, with Vincent's infection of the mouth of eleven days' duration. Symptoms of note prior to admission included anorexia, fetor oris, fever and anuria. Bitter complaint of vomiting and gagging, continuous nausea and inability to retain anything, even water, was made by the mother. The patient had received an injection of Thio-Bismol (sodium bismuth thioglycollate) into the buttock, a local application of neoarsphenamine (0.4 Gm. in aqueous solution), and the following mouthwash: On admission the temperature, pulse and respiration were 98.6, 100 and 25, respectively. The blood pressure was 106 systolic, 70 diastolic. The prominent features on examination were a shallow lingual ulcer, moderate cervical lymphadenopathy and right-sided abdominal tenderness. The heart and lungs presented no abnormalities. There was no edema, and the eye-grounds were normal. The admission diagnoses were: (1) Vincent's infection and (2) anuria (of unknown
SLC35D3 delivery from megakaryocyte early endosomes is required for platelet dense granule biogenesis and is differentially defective in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome models
Authors: Ronghua Meng, Yuhuan Wang, Yu Yao, Zhe Zhang, Dawn C. Harper, Harry F. G. Heijnen, Anand Sitaram, Wei Li, Graça Raposo, Mitchell J. Weiss, Mortimer Poncz, Michael S. Marks
Journal: Blood (2012)
Glycine nitrogen in total parenteral nutrition: two prospective clinical trials comparing the efficacy of high and low glycine containing amino acid solutions.
Authors: R G Rees, J J Payne James, G K Grimble, D Halliday, P G Frost, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1992)

Glycine has been regarded as a poor source of nitrogen for total parenteral nutrition. Two prospective randomised cross over controlled clinical trials were undertaken to compare the efficacy of high and low glycine containing amino acid solutions in parenterally fed malnourished hypoalbuminaemic patients with gastrointestinal disease. In the first study (n = 9), amino acid solutions in which glycine accounted for 23% and 4% of total nitrogen were compared. No statistically significant difference was found in urea nitrogen/total urinary nitrogen excretion (mean (SEM) 83.4 (1.4) v 81.6 (1.7)%, p = 0.31), nitrogen balance (-1.9 (2.4) v -0.6 (2.0) g/day, p = 0.31) or plasma protein concentrations and blood urea nitrogen. In the second extended study (n = 5), there was no significant difference in net whole body protein synthesis (+1.3 (4.7) v-0.2 (3.7) mg/kg/hour, p = 0.69) or fractional (0.403 (0.070) v 0.480 (0.41)%/hour, p = 0.68) and absolute albumin synthesis rates (6.0 (0.9) v 7.2 (0.06) mg/kg/hour, p = 0.22), on comparing solutions of 25% and 8% glycine nitrogen. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of total urinary nitrogen comprised urea when patients received the low glycine containing amino acid source (81.4 (2.5) v 83.8 (3.2)%, p = 0.04). It is concluded that there are no apparent short term nutritional or metabolic disadvantages to using amino acid solutions that contain up to 25% of nitrogen as glycine in total parenteral nutrition.
Phylogenetic evidence from the IRBP gene for the paraphyly of toothed whales, with mixed support for Cetacea as a suborder of Artiodactyla
Authors: M. R. Smith, M. S. Shivji, V. G. Waddell, M. J. Stanhope
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of Cetacea and of their affinities with Artiodactyla have suggested two surprising possibilities: (1) sperm whales are more closely related with baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) than with the other toothed whales (suborder Odontoceti; Milinkovitch, Orti, and Meyer 1993; Milinkovitch, Meyer, and Powell 1994) and (2) Cetacea may represent a suborder of Artiodactyla (Graur and Higgins 1994). The first of these phylogenetic hypotheses was based initially on an analysis of portions of mitochondrial 12s and 16s genes (Milinkovitch, Orti, and Meyer 1993) and subsequently on a tandem alignment of portions of the 12S, 16S, and cytochrome b loci from 21 species of Cetacea, and several artiodactyl outgroups (Milinkovitch, Meyer, and Powell 1994). In a separate analysis involving the complete cytochrome b locus, Arnason and Gullberg (1994) presented data suggesting a further possibility, which was that toothed whales might be closer relatives of baleen whales than of sperm whales. Adachi and Hasegawa (1995) have since reanalyzed the cytochrome b data using maximum likelihood and show that the conclusion is highly sensitive to choice of outgroup taxa, with the majority of situations supporting the baleen/sperm whale clade. Most recently, Arnason and Gullberg (1996), in a further analysis of the complete cytochrome b gene, including representatives of all currently recognized cetacean families, present evidence for a monophyletic Odontoceti; however, this conclusion was not strongly supported. There is at present no published account of this issue from the perspective of a nucleotide sequence analysis of a single-copy nuclear gene. The Graur and Higgins hypothesis suggests that cows are more closely related to cetaceans than to pigs, which disrupts the monophyly of Artiodactyla, resulting in either the interpretation of a paraphyletic Artiodactyla or an Artiodactyla that includes Cetacea as a suborder. This hypothesis was based on the analysis of 11 nuclear encoded protein sequences and five mitochondrial genes from two artiodactyl suborders, one species of cetacean, and either mouse, seal, or mouse and seal as outgroup. We are aware of no published account that addresses this issue from the perspective of a single-copy nuclear gene at the DNA sequence level. Earlier papers of ours have demonstrated the utility of exon 1 sequences from the gene encoding interpho-
Development of the Cardiac Conduction Tissue in Human Embryos Using HNK-1 Antigen Expression
Authors: Nico A. Blom, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Marco C. DeRuiter, Rob E. Poelmann, Monica M. T. Mentink, Jaap Ottenkamp
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Abnormal atrial automaticity in young patients with structurally normal hearts is often located around the pulmonary veins and in sinus venosus-related parts of the right atrium. We hypothesize that these ectopic pacemaker sites correspond to areas of embryonic myocardium with an early phenotypic differentiation, as indicated by differences in antigen expression during normal cardiac development.In human embryos ranging in age from 42 to 54 days of gestation, the development of the cardiac conduction system was studied with the use of HNK-1 immunohistochemistry. HNK-1 stains the developing atrioventricular conduction system, ie, the bundle branches, His bundle, right atrioventricular ring, and retroaortic ring. In addition, the myocardium around the common pulmonary vein showed transient HNK-1 antigen expression. In the right atrium, 3 HNK-1-positive connections were demonstrated between the sinoatrial node and the right atrioventricular ring. An anterior tract through the septum spurium connects the sinoatrial node with the anterior right atrioventricular ring, and 2 posterior tracts connect the sinoatrial node with the posterior right atrioventricular ring through the right venous valve (future crista terminalis) and sinus septum, encircling the coronary sinus. The medioposterior part of the right atrioventricular ring connected to the His bundle and the medioanterior part form 2 node-like structures.In patients with abnormal atrial automaticity, the distribution of left and right atrial pacemaker foci correspond to areas of the embryonic myocardium that temporarily express the HNK-1 antigen.
Papyrus to PowerPoint (P 2 P): metamorphosis of scientific communication
Authors: R. E LaPorte
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Scientific communication is in the process of metamorphosis. Will it change into a dung beetle or into a beautiful butterfly? Here is one possibility that some might argue is as frightening as Kafka's story 

> “As Gregor Samsa awoke from unsettling dreams one morning, he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous bug.”
> 
> Kafka, Metamorphosis 

In 1995 we questioned the hallowed tenets of paper journals. We wrote a series of articles, beginning with “The death of biomedical journals,” suggesting the death knell for paper journals.1–3 Delamothe echoed our conclusions that “The burgeoning world wide web … makes it inevitable that new systems of disseminating research will replace or at least supplement journals.”4

#### Summary points

Traditional peer reviewed journals are becoming obsolete

We are experiencing a dramatic metamorphosis of the tools of scientific communication

The prima lingua of scientific communication is PowerPoint

Our search for the optimal information exchange method in science leads to P2P

The response was Kafkaesque, reminding us of the quote from Penal Colony “It is an exceptional apparatus” so do not question it. The “journal” apparatus shows that little of the fibre of journals has been scientifically evaluated. Are journals an efficient, scientific, “just in time” process? It is impossible to answer. For 300 years there has been no evidence based evaluation of the journal process. For example, there is virtually no research on the quality of learning from journals, whether IMRD (introduction, methods, results, discussion) optimises learning, or if traditional peer review is the best system. To quote Goldbeck-Wood, “But if peer review is so central to the process by which scientific knowledge become canonised, it is ironic that science has little to say as to whether it works.”5 This applies to all phases of the journal process.

Is a metamorphosis in …
Bacteremic Bacteroides Infections
Authors: STANLEY J. BODNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Thirty-nine patients with bacteremia due to anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli of the genus Bacteroides were seen in a general hospital during a 6-year period. Many of these infections occurred in patients postoperatively, particularly after trauma to the bowel or female pelvic organs. There was an impressive prevalence of malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, and prior therapy with corticoids or multiple antimicrobials. The Bacteroides strains isolated tended to be resistant to the bacteriocidal antibiotics used for treating Gram-negative bacillary sepsis (penicillin, cephalothin, kanamycin, and Colistin). Ten strains were resistant to tetracycline, a drug widely recommended for bacteroides infections. Of 38 isolates tested all were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Diagnosis of bacteroides sepsis demands a high index of suspicion and routine use of anaerobic cultures. Successful therapy depends on early surgical debridement and institution of appropriate antibiotics. In the absence of sensitivity data bacteroides sepsis appears to represent another of the few indications for therapy with chloramphenicol.
The Chemical and Immunologic Properties of a New Collagen and a Glycoprotein in Glomerular Basement Membrane.
Authors: Nicholas A. Kefalides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Chemical and Immunologic Properties of a New Collagen and a Glycoprotein in Glomerular Basement Membrane.Nicholas A. Kefalides, M.D., Ph.D.Nicholas A. Kefalides, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1166_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe amino acid composition of the isolated, normal canine glomerular basement membrane resembled that of tendon collagen but differed in being lower in glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline but higher in hydroxylysine. The hydroxylysine: hydroxyproline ratio in basement membrane was 0.42 compared with 0.07 in collagen. Carbohydrate makes up approximately 10% of basement membrane by weight, while collagen contains 0.6% carbohydrate. Basement membrane was solubilized by reduction of disulfide bonds in 8 M urea followed by alkylation. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the soluble fraction was similar to that of intact basement membrane. The presence of two protein components,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1166-1166KeywordsAmino acidsBasement membraneCarbohydratesGlycineGlycoproteinsProteinsTendonsUrea Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Different Effects of Adrenergic Beta-receptor Blockade on Heart Rate Response to Mental Stress, Catecholamines, and Exercise
Authors: S. H. Taylor, M. K. Meeran
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The magnitude and duration of effect of a single 40-mg oral tablet of oxprenolol on the tachycardias associated with motor-car driving, isoprenaline infusion, and walking were compared against placebo in six normal people by a double-blind study. The tachycardias due to driving and isoprenaline were both conspicuousy reduced for over eight hours; the magnitude and duration of the reduction in exercise tachycardia was substantially less. Thus relatively small doses of beta-receptor antagonists will suppress the increase in heart rate induced by mental stress or catecholamines with relatively little effect on the response to everyday exercise. Possibly smaller doses of these drugs would relieve emotionally-induced anginal pain and tachycardia.
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: A STAVRAKA-KAKAVAKI, O FRONISTAS, M TOUMBOUOROS, C MANOLAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Primary or relapsing hyperparathyroidism should not be considered a result only of benign conditions like adenoma or hyperplasia (primary or secondary). Parathyroid carcinoma is often the real cause but, because of its rarity, sometimes it is either overlooked or misdiagnosed. Even histologic classification can be erroneous. Distant metastases or ectopic location of the tumors are another potential cause of misdiagnosis, especially when management is decided without the help of diagnostic imaging modalities, particularly those related to the functional aspect of the tumors or their metastases, such as the Tl-201/Tc-99m subtraction scan and the Tl-201 whole body scan.
Cross‐reactivity of <i>Olea europaea</i> with other Oleaceae species in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma
Authors: M. J. Pajarón, L. Vila, I. Prieto, A. Resano, M. L. Sanz, A. K. Oehling
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Cross‐reactivity between pollen extracts of four species of Oleaceae was studied: olive (Olea europaea) , ash (Fraxinus excelsior) , privet (Ligustrum vulgare) , and lilac (Syringa vulgaris). Thus, 51 patients and 13 atopic controls were studied, by means of intracutaneous skin tests, histamine‐release tests against the four extracts, and specific IgE to O. europaea. The proteic content of the four extracts was assessed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting, and similarity of all the extracts studied was observed after electrophoresis and immunodetection. Six common bands were found to be responsible for the cross‐reactivity, with apparent molecular weights of 49.6, 40, 36.7, 19.7, 16.7, and 14 kDa, respectively. The cross‐reactivity was also corroborated by immunoblotting inhibition and FEIA inhibition. The patients had a similar response to the four allergenic extracts used, although the response to Olea was greatest. When the patients were compared by their geographic origin (northern or southern Spain, according to the distribution of areas of olive pollen influence), there were no significant differences between the two groups in skin reactivity, but a higher histamine release was observed for the four extracts in the southern group, although it was significant only for Fraxinus and Ligustrum. This work corroborated the practicality of the diagnostic methods used and the cross‐reactivity between the four species studied, as demonstrated by the different methods used. Therefore, we suggest that only O. europaea extract be used in diagnosis and immunotherapy in Oleaceae pollen allergy.
Bronchography via the fibreoptic bronchoscope.
Authors: C D Flower, J M Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1984)

We have reviewed the results of 167 consecutive bronchograms carried out through the fibreoptic bronchoscope at the end of the bronchoscopic examination. Additional diagnostic information was obtained in 61 (37%) of the patients. Bronchiectasis was the most common finding and was particularly frequent in older patients with haemoptysis and a normal chest radiograph, in those with a chronic productive cough with a normal chest radiograph, and in a heterogeneous group with persistent lobar shadowing. The relative ease with which good quality bronchograms can be obtained via the fibreoptic bronchoscope has led us to discard more conventional methods except in children.
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Loss Assessed by Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nishant Kumar, Sarah Mrejen, Adrian Tien-Chin Fung, Marcela Marsiglia, Boon K. Loh, Richard F. Spaide
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Health effects of chemicals need closer scrutiny
Authors: N. Smallwood
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Radical reforms in the use and assessment of chemicals have been proposed in a report published in the United Kingdom last week by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution.

The report, Chemicals in Products: Safeguarding the Environment and Human Health ,warned that only 40 of the more than 30000 synthetic chemicals currently available on the UK market have been subjected to a systematic risk assessment. The long term effect of their use and dispersion into the environment is almost wholly unknown. “We are conducting a huge and unacceptable experiment on …
Diabetes Research in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Gayle E. Reiber, Edward J. Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To provide an overview of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) research activities, highlighting diabetes-related research. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Diabetes is an important component of the VA research portfolio. All four VA research services support aspects of diabetes research. VA diabetes research projects and funding were examined from 1998 to 2003. RESULTS—VA scientists are conducting research on diabetes genetics, etiology, diagnosis, therapy, epidemiology, health services, and rehabilitation. VA research funding is available to answer important veteran-relevant questions through peer review, Center of Excellence activities, and multisite trial mechanisms. Many VA scientists also receive research support from nonfederal sources, including private corporations and nonprofit foundations. The VA Office of Research and Development actively supports training the next generation of researchers through their career development awards and the VA health profession training programs. CONCLUSIONS—The VA’s diabetes research portfolio is extensive and includes many investigators, trainees, and fellows. There is substantial leveraging of VA diabetes research with support from other federal and nonfederal funding agencies, foundations, and private corporations. VA diabetes research findings benefit the global diabetes care community.
Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study on Patients’ Perceptions
Authors: Lies Peeters, Anne Sibille, Bea Anrys, Christel Oyen, Christophe Dooms, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Isabelle Wauters, Johan Vansteenkiste
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Osteoarthritis of the hip: the patient behind the disease.
Authors: J Dequeker, A Verstraeten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Osteoarthritis of the hip: the patient behind the disease SIR, Solomon et al.' found that bone mass measured by radiogrammetry was equal to the normal mean between 50 and 70 years and thus did not confirm previous findings of a significantly higher bone mass in osteoarthritis cases.The discrepancy between these results is based on differ- ences in expressing the data of bone mass measurements.Solomon et al.1 express their data as a ratio % cortical area, while Foss and Byers2 express their data in cortical surface area and Roh et al.3 and Dequeker et al.4 express their data in absolute values of cortical area and cortical thickness.When the relative bone mass indices were introduced, it was assumed that the ratio compact bone/total bone would be the same for different sizes of bones and that variation in body size would in this way be corrected.In mechanics, however, it is well known that resistance of tubular structures to flexion can be maintained with a lower wall- area/total-area ratio provided the total diameter of the tube is larger.The effect of skeletal size, periosteal diameter, and bone length on indices of bone mass is shown in Table 1.While cortical thickness, cortical area and cortical- area/surface-area ratio increase, the percentage of cortisol area to total-area decreases with increasing periosteal diameter.5Since bone remodelling in osteoarthrotics differs from normal controls matched for age and sex by a significantly greater apposition rate at the periosteal surface (D),3 it is not surprising that Solomon et al.,' using a relative index (D2-d2/D2), find a low value, while in the papers where the absolute values D-d or D2-d2 are used a significantly larger mean bone mass is found in osteoarthrotics.Studies using other measuring techniques at another site (radius) confirmed the radiogrammetric finding of an increased absolute bone mass in osteoarthritis.6
The pacemaker current (If) plays an important role in regulating SA node pacemaker activity
Authors: D. DiFrancesco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article The pacemaker current (I f ) plays an important role in regulating SA node pacemaker activity Get access Dario DiFrancesco Dario DiFrancesco Laboratorio di Eletrofisiologia, Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 2, August 1995, Pages 307–308, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00029-1 Published: 01 August 1995