tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Plasma Level and Therapeutic Effect of Nortriptyline
Authors: M. Asberg, B. Cronholm, F. Sjoqvist, D. Tuck
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The relationship between plasma concentration of nortriptyline and therapeutic effect after two weeks' treatment with the drug was investigated in 29 psychiatric inpatients. Endogenous depression was diagnosed in all patients. Amelioration of depressive symptoms was estimated as reduction in score on a rating scale, based on a psychiatric interview. Amelioration was not correlated to the patient's sex or age. There was a curved relationship between plasma level of nortriptyline and therapeutic effect. Amelioration was most pronounced in the intermediate plasma level range (50-139 ng nortriptyline/ml plasma) and was slight both at lower and at higher plasma levels. This type of relationship may be due to the dual action of tricyclic antidepressants which has been found in animal experiments. On larger dosages a phenothiazine-like blockade of the monoaminergic receptor is added to the blockade of monoamine reuptake thought to be related to the antidepressant action of the drugs.THIS STUDY THUS SUGGESTS TWO POSSIBLE REASONS FOR A THERAPEUTIC FAILURE WITH NORTRIPTYLINE: a too low or a too high plasma level. The large individual variation in the pharmacokinetics of the tricyclic antidepressants makes prediction of plasma level from dosage in a given individual virtually impossible without knowledge of rate of elimination and apparent volume of distribution. Hence monitoring plasma levels may be a way to increase the efficacy of treatment with these drugs.
Is there no cross-cultural evidence in colour categories of psychological laws, only of cultural rules?
Authors: Ype H. Poortinga, Fons J. R. Van de Vijver
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Two points are made on the basis of (mainly) the cross- cultural psychological record. The first is that cross-cultural data indicate at least weak, nontrivial constraints on colour classification. The second is that exceptions to cross-cultural regularities as described by Saunders &amp; van Brakel are compatible with the view that constraints on colour categories are probabilistic rather than deterministic.
Preventing severe infection after splenectomy: What about old splenectomies?
Authors: Stephen Sciberras
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
ALK− anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is clinically and immunophenotypically different from both ALK+ ALCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: report from the International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project
Authors: Kerry J. Savage, Nancy Lee Harris, Julie M. Vose, Fred Ullrich, Elaine S. Jaffe, Joseph M. Connors, Lisa Rimsza, Stefano A. Pileri, Mukesh Chhanabhai, Randy D. Gascoyne, James O. Armitage, Dennis D. Weisenburger
Journal: Blood (2008)
Estimation of Thyroid Function by Timing the Arterial Sounds
Authors: David Rodbard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The timing of the Korotkoff arterial sounds with reference to the electrocardiogram provides an objective index of thyroid function which is precise, accurate, rapid, innocuous, inexpensive, and independent of iodine metabolism. QK<sub>d</sub>is the interval between the QRS and the onset of Korotkoff sounds at diastolic pressure. The QK<sub>d</sub>value in 80 euthyroid subjects had a normal range of 186 to 235 msec. Ten patients with hypothyroidism had QK<sub>d</sub>values ranging from 230 to 320 msec.
Chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) genotype 1: An independent, multicenter RCT comparing PEG-IFN ALFA-2B 12KD plus ribavirin (RBV) and IFN ALFA-2B plus (RBV) in naive patients
Authors: S. Bruno, C. Camma, V. Di Marco, M.G. Rumi, M. Vinci, M. Camozzi, D. Di Bona, M. Mondelli, M. Colombo, A. Craxi, G. Pinzello
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Becoming a Doctor: Reflections of First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Kellene Eagen
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rwanda needs visiting teachers and textbooks
Authors: S. Brandon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Editing may ruin an obituary ED1TOR,-In common with many of Jim Raftery's friends, I was extremely disappointed by his obituary in the BM7, which, after editing, did not portray him as I knew him.'Jim's setting up of one of the first successful deputising services in general practice in the late 1960s and early '70s was an enormous achievement.Instead of receiving accolades, however, he was criticised, although all general practitioners who used the service have acknowledged its tremendous impact.Jim was perhaps better known internationally than in Britain, but despite the lack of support from the establishment his department flourished.His contribution to ambulatory monitoring was vast: he was one of the first to record an arrhythmia on a cassette recorder and also perfected the technique of monitoring blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure.He also contributed much to the development of methods for assessing drug effects on 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure.A final, important point about Jim was the enormous support that he gave to his staff.Obituaries pose tremendous problems, for both authors and editors and for friends of the person who is being written about.The author treads a difficult path.In the BMJ most obituaries are written by a friend of the subject, yet how many of us know everything about our friends?Ask 10 friends of one person to write an obituary and you would probably get 10 quite different portraits, yet all of those friends would probably say that they knew the person well.Editors want
Impact of pretransplant treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with vasopressin analogues on outcome after liver transplantation (LTX). A case-control study
Authors: T. Restuccia, M. Guevara, P. Gines, C. Alessandria, D. De las Heras, B. Calahorra, R. Ortega, O. Ozdogan, M. Navasa, A. Rimola, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas, V. Arroyo, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
TH2 cytokines potently induce an appetite-stimulating peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, in human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Kanami Orihara, Hideaki Morita, Akiko Yagami, Naoki Kajiwara, Susumu Nakae, Kenji Matsumoto, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Yumiko Saito, Hirohisa Saito, Akio Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
New head louse repellent
Authors: I. Burgess
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article New head louse repellent Get access I. Burgess I. Burgess Medical Entomology Centre at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 3, 1 March 1993, Pages 357–358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00186.x Published: 01 March 1993
Patients at Risk for AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Henry W. Murray, Janice K. Hillman, Berish Y. Rubin, Catherine D. Kelly, Jonathan L. Jacobs, Lisa W. Tyler, Daria M. Donelly, Susan M. Carriero, James H. Godbold, Richard B. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We studied 81 men (79 homosexuals and 2 drug abusers) with persistent lymphadenopathy to determine whether those at risk for AIDS-related opportunistic infections could be identified prospectively. (Sixty-nine of 76 [91 per cent] had antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III [HTLV-III], and 76 of 79 [96 per cent] had abnormal T4/T8 cell ratios.) During the follow-up period (mean +/- S.E.M., 12.9 +/- 0.5 months; range, 8 to 19), infections developed in none of 38 patients with lymphadenopathy alone and in only 1 of 15 (7 per cent) with antecedent herpes zoster infection; however, 13 of 28 (46 per cent) with lymphadenopathy accompanied by constitutional symptoms or oral candidiasis or both had opportunistic infections within the follow-up period. Among the results of various T-cell assays, only antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and gamma interferon generation, which were absent or barely measurable in those in whom AIDS ultimately developed, were of prognostic value. T cells from 15 patients, 11 of whom had constitutional symptoms or thrush, failed to generate antigen-induced gamma interferon; infections developed in 10 of these 15 (67 per cent) within a mean of 8.2 months. These results suggest that patients with AIDS-related complex who are at risk for opportunistic infections within a year can be identified by correlating clinical manifestations with antigen-stimulated T-cell responses--in particular, with the production of gamma interferon.
Letter by Tsikas and Cooper Regarding Article, “Dysregulation of Hydrogen Sulfide (H <sub>2</sub> S) Producing Enzyme Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) Contributes to Maternal Hypertension and Placental Abnormalities in Preeclampsia”
Authors: Dimitrios Tsikas, Arthur J.L. Cooper
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We read with great interest the article by Wang et al, 1 who reported that the synthesis of the gasotransmitter H 2 S is impaired in preeclampsia and concluded that H 2 S may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.H 2 S is only 1 of several contributors to the highly redox-sensitive labile sulfur pool comprising free H 2 S, acid-labile sulfide, and protein-associated labile sulfur (sulfane sulfur). 2,3The plasma H 2 S concentrations measured by Wang et al 1 both in control and in preeclampsia patients deserve closer attention and discussion in the light of the current literature.Interference-free analytical methods, unified nomenclature, and explicit declaration of the measured labile sulfur species are of key importance in elucidating the physiology of endogenous H 2 S and the pharmacology of increasingly utilized H 2 S donors.Careful analysis of sulfur pools revealed actual human plasma concentrations of H 2 S in the lower nmol/L range, whereas higher plasma H 2 S concentrations are considered toxic. 2,3In the assay used by Wang et al, 1 N,Ndimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) and FeCl 3 serve as reactants for the colorimetric estimation of H 2 S. DPD is a highly sensitive redoxactive compound (pH range, 1-10). 4Under the acidic conditions used to measure H 2 S by the DPD/FeCl 3 method, numerous reaction products may be formed from DPD in addition to methylene blue. 4H 2 S-unrelated, DPD-derived species likely contribute to H 2 S, thus yielding overestimated H 2 S concentrations.Implicit in the work of Wang et al 1 is the notion that cystathionine γ-lyase is a major contributor to the labile sulfur pool.However, Shen et al 3 showed that in cystathionine γ-lyase-knockout mice there is no decrease in plasma acid-labile bound sulfane sulfur, a marked decrease in free H 2 S and a small decrease in acid-labile sulfide.Overall, however, the decrease in total reactive sulfur is modest, a finding inconsistent with the H 2 S/cystathionine γ-lyase role in preeclampsia envisaged by Wang et al. 1
Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number variation in breast cancer using DNA microarrays
Authors: Jonathan R. Pollack, Charles M. Perou, Therese Sorlie, Ash A. Alizadeh, Christian Rees, Michael B. Eise, Alexander Pergamenschikov, Cheryl F. Williams, Matt van de Rijn, Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Hilde Johnsen, Per E. Lonning, Stephanie Geisler, Turid Aas, Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale, David Botstein, Patrick O. Brown
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Book Review Dynamics of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism Edited by Markus J. Seibel, Simon P. Robins, and John P. Bilezikian. 672 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1999. $149.95. 0-12-634840-5
Authors: Juliet E. Compston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
Neonatal HBV Vaccine Protects Against Liver Disease
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Introduction to Parasitology, with Special Reference to the Parasites of Man
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The field of parasitology is far from being one of the more popular subjects to confront the embryo physician. This volume, now in its 10th edition, does an excellent job of making the study of tropical medicine much more pleasant. A definite asset of the text is the comprehensive and integrated approach to the entire field. Clarity of style and avoidance of the dictionary format are to be commended. Although the main emphasis is placed upon those organisms mainly parasitic to man, the more important animal parasites are also given attention. The life cycles and descriptions of the various organisms are as well done as can be found in any contemporary text. The concerted effort to modernize the text is reflected in the epidemiologic emphasis. Noticeable changes from the last edition, published in 1955, include extensive rewriting of the chapters on echinococcosis and the filaria, sections that may be somewhat
Efficacy of Screening Mammography
Authors: Karla Kerlikowske, Deborah Grady, Susan M. Rubin, Christian Sandrock, Virginia L. Ernster
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine the efficacy of screening mammography by age, number of mammographic views per screen, screening interval, and duration of follow-up.Literature review and meta-analysis. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Literature search of English-language studies reported from January 1966 to October 31, 1993, using MEDLINE, manual literature review, and consultation with experts. A total of 13 studies were selected, and their results were combined using meta-analytic techniques based on the assumption of fixed effects.The overall summary relative risk (RR) estimate for breast cancer mortality for women aged 50 to 74 years undergoing screening mammography compared with those who did not was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.83). The magnitude of the benefit in this age group was similar regardless of number of mammographic views per screen, screening interval, or duration of follow-up. In contrast, none of the summary RR estimates for women aged 40 to 49 years was significantly less than 1.0, irrespective of screening intervention or duration of follow-up. The overall summary RR estimate in women aged 40 to 49 years was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.13); the summary RR estimate for those studies that used two-view mammography was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.12) compared with 1.02 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.44) for those studies that used one-view mammography, and for those studies with 7 to 9 years of follow-up, the summary RR estimate was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.27) compared with 0.83 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.06) for those studies with 10 to 12 years of follow-up.Screening mammography significantly reduces breast cancer mortality in women aged 50 to 74 years after 7 to 9 years of follow-up, regardless of screening interval or number of mammographic views per screen. There is no reduction in breast cancer mortality in women aged 40 to 49 years after 7 to 9 years of follow-up. Screening mammography may be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality in women aged 40 to 49 years after 10 to 12 years of follow-up, but the same benefit could probably be achieved by beginning screening at menopause or 50 years of age.
The Ingelfinger Rule
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1981)

At last spring's national clinical meetings, Jesse Roth, MD, president of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, discussed a study he had carried out. Roth found that few society members were Nobel laureates, despite the fact that US scientists have monopolized Nobel prizes in medicine and physiology since World War II. That the society, supposedly the US scientist-internist's hall of fame, had shown such limited ability in recognizing scientific genius was most surprising. He concluded that the society ought to recruit more diverse persons for its membership if the organization wished truly to represent excellence in US medical science. In my opinion, the most important conclusion from Roth's study is that it is difficult to know in advance which scientific work will have the greatest importance. If this premier group of US investigators has limited success in picking great scientists, one must conclude that editors of medical journals and their
Respirators, Recommendations, and Regulations: The Controversy Surrounding Protection of Health Care Workers from Tuberculosis
Authors: William R. Jarvis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Recent nosocomial outbreaks of tuberculosis have increased concern about the occupational acquisition of tuberculosis by health care workers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, have issued recommendations and regulations in an effort to decrease health care workers' risk for exposure to patients with infectious tuberculosis. Within the CDC, the National Center for Infectious Diseases, the National Center for Prevention Services, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collaborated to produce the 1994 Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities. As stated in the Draft Guidelines, the major components of health care worker protection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection include administration or source controls, engineering controls, and respiratory protective devices. We review the evolution of the seemingly conflicting recommendations for respiratory protective devices made by these Centers of the CDC and explain how the recommendations in the current CDC Guidelines were reached.
HIV ELITE CONTROLLERS HAVE LOWER ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE AND IMPROVED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AS COMPARED TO INDIVIDUALS WITH TREATED AND SUPPRESSED HIV
Authors: Rushi Parikh, Rebecca Scherzer, Carl Grunfeld, Elaine Nitta, Anna Leone, Jeffrey Martin, Steven Deeks, Peter Ganz, Priscilla Hsue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effects of Vitamin E on Lipid Peroxidation in Healthy Persons
Authors: Emma A. Meagher
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Oxidative stress may play a role in the development or exacerbation of many common diseases. However, results of prospective controlled trials of the effects of antioxidants such as vitamin E are contradictory.To assess the effects of supplemental vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in vivo in healthy adults.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted March 1999 to June 2000.A general clinical research center in a tertiary referral academic medical center.Thirty healthy men and women aged 18 to 60 years.Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or alpha-tocopherol dosages of 200, 400, 800, 1200, or 2000 IU/d for 8 weeks (n = 5 in each group), followed by an 8-week washout period.Three indices of lipid peroxidation, urinary 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 2 isoprostanes, iPF(2alpha)-III and iPF(2alpha)-VI, measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and compared among the 6 groups at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and 1, 3, and 8 weeks after discontinuation.Circulating vitamin E levels increased in a dose-dependent manner during the study. No significant effect of vitamin E on levels of urinary 4-HNE or either isoprostane was observed. Mean (SEM) baseline vs week 8 levels of iPF(2alpha)-III were 154 (20.1) vs 168 (22.3) pg/mg of creatinine for subjects taking placebo; 165 (19.6) vs 234 (30.1) pg/mg for those taking 200 IU/d of vitamin E; and 195 (26.7) vs 213 (40.6) pg/mg for subjects taking 2000 IU/d. Corresponding iPF(2alpha)-VI levels were 1.43 (0.6) vs 1.62 (0.4) ng/mg of creatinine for subjects taking placebo; 1.64 (0.3) vs 1.24 (0.8) ng/mg for those taking 200 IU/d of vitamin E; and 1.83 (0.3) vs 1.94 (0.9) ng/mg for those taking 2000 IU/d. Baseline vs week 8 levels of 4-HNE were 0.5 (0.04) vs 0.4 (0.05) ng/mg of creatinine for subjects taking placebo; 0.4 (0.06) vs 0.5 (0.02) ng/mg with 200 IU/d of vitamin E; and 0.2 (0.02) vs 0.2 (0.1) ng/mg with 2000 IU/d.Our results question the rationale for vitamin E supplementation in healthy individuals. Specific quantitative indices of oxidative stress in vivo should be considered as entry criteria and for dose selection in clinical trials of antioxidant drugs and vitamins in human disease.