tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluations of IgM and IgA Salivary Immunoglobulins Levels in IgA Deficient Patients with Recurrent Infections and/or Autoimmune Manifestations
Authors: K FAHL, P PALMEIRA, M KIMILLIASKIS, A PASTORINO, C SILVA, M CARNEIROSAMPAIO, C JACOB
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Production of premature delivery in pregnant rhesus monkeys by androstenedione infusion
Authors: Charles A. Mecenas, Dino A. Giussani, James R. Owiny, Susan L. Jenkins, Wen X. Wu, Barbera O. Honnebier, Charles J. Lockwood, Linda Kong, Seth Guller, Peter W. Nathanielsz
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Who Shall Live? Medicine, Technology, Ethics
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A new book dealing with the general topic of medical ethics should be brought to the attention of the medical profession. Six authors, none of them physicians, participated in a symposium covering a wide range of topics, from anthropology to theology. Deserving particular mention is the paper by Margaret Mead which, although quite rambling, helpfully emphasizes the relativity of ethical standards and ethical situations. Joseph Fletcher, in another rather loose and wide-ranging study, emphasizes the discrepancies between private interest and social interest. "The welfare of the many comes before the welfare of the few... The individual may rightly be sacrificed to the social good." Other subjects are "Technology and Value," "Abortion and the Law," "The Ethics of Genetic Control," and "Ethics in Modern Medicine." (This latter contribution is furnished by a German professor of Systematic Theology.) But important topics are not adequately developed. The book, vastly uneven, suffers severely from
ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE USING VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC IMAGES
Authors: Sonal Chandra, Ivan S. Salgo, Lissa Sugeng, Wendy Tsang, Lynn Weinert, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prehospital emergency care
Authors: M. Cooke, T. Hodgetts, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Many of the people who die of trauma, heart attacks, or stroke die within the first hour. Many do not reach hospital. People have thus long recognised the need to improve the emergency services offered to patients before they reach hospital. But research on what happens at that critical time is hard to do. Many questions remain about who should offer the care and how it can best be offered. In an attempt to encourage research into prehospital emergency care and to develop the services offered, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh has established a multidisciplinary faculty of prehospital care. Now BASICS (British Association for Immediate Care) and the BMJ Publishing Group are launching a new journal—Pre-hospital Emergency Care Journal.*

BASICS was begun by Ken Easton in 1966 after he had seen serious road accidents poorly managed. It now comprises 1700 doctors around Britain, most of them general practitioners, who …
Comparison of Cefuroxime Axetil and Doxycycline in the Treatment of Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Robert B. Nadelman, Steven W. Luger, Elliot Frank, Michael Wisniewski, Jeffrey J. Collins, Gary P. Wormser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To compare the efficacy of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of patients with Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. ▪ Design: Randomized, multicenter, investigatorblindedclinical trial with clinical evaluations during treatment (8 to 12 days) and at 1 to 5 days and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment. ▪ Setting: Three university referral centers and one private practice. ▪ Patients: A total of 123 patients with physician-documentederythema migrans. ▪ Intervention: Patients were treated orally for 20 days with either cefuroxime axetil, 500 mg twice daily (63 patients), or doxycycline, 100 mg three times daily (60 patients). ▪ Measurements: Resolution of erythema migrans and of signs and symptoms related to early Lyme disease as well as prevention of late Lyme disease. ▪ Results: A satisfactory clinical outcome (success or improvement) was achieved in 51 of 55 (93%) evaluable patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and in 45 of 51 (88%) patients treated with doxycycline (difference, 5%; 95% Cl, - 5% to 14%). The only complication at 1 month post-treatment was Lyme arthritis in one patient who received doxycycline. Of the patients with satisfactory outcomes at 1 month post-treatment who were evaluable at 1 year post-treatment, a satisfactory outcome was achieved in 43 of 48 (90%) and in 35 of 38 (92%) patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline, respectively (difference, - 2%; Cl, - 12% to 7%). Lyme arthritis did not develop in any patient after 1 month post-treatment, whereas peripheral neuropathy was suspected in one patient treated with cefuroxime axetil. Thirty percent of patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and 32% of those treated with doxycycline had one or more drug-related adverse events. Doxycycline was associated with more photosensitivity reactions (15% compared with 0%; P = 0.001) and cefuroxime axetil with more diarrhea (21% compared with 7%; P = 0.035) and Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (29% compared with 8%; P = 0.005). ▪ Conclusions: Cefuroxime axetil is well tolerated and appears to be equally as effective as doxycycline in the treating of early Lyme disease and in preventing the subsequent development of late Lyme disease.
Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis by Human Adipose Cells*
Authors: EVAN R. SIMPSON, JILL C. MERRILL, ALEXANDER J. HOLLUB, SANDRA GRAHAM-LORENCE, CAROLE R. MENDELSON
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

THE BIOSYNTHESIS of estrogens is catalyzed by an enzyme complex termed aromatase which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells in which it is expressed. The aromatase enzyme complex consists of two components (1): The first is a form of cytochrome P-450 known as aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM). This heme protein is responsible for binding the C19 steroid substrate and catalyzing the concerted series of reactions leading to the formation of the phenolic A ring. The second is a flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, which is an essentially ubiquitous protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of most cell types and is responsible for transferring reducing equivalents from NADPH to cytochrome P-450. Since there is only one gene encoding the reductase, this enzyme must be capable of transferring reducing equivalents to any form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 that it encounters (2). The aromatase reaction apparently utilizes 3 moles oxygen and 3 moles NADPH for every mole of C19 steroid metabolized (3). The first 2 oxygen molecules are utilized in the oxidation of the C19 angular methyl group. Considerable speculation continues as to the site and the mechanism of insertion of the third oxygen molecule. It has been suggested that this third site of oxygen attack is at the 2β-position (4); however, more recent work suggests that peroxidative attack, again involving the C19 methyl group, may be involved instead (5).
"THE EARLIEST RECOGNITION OF APPENDICITIS—AGAIN"
Authors: Astley P. C. Ashhurst
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Leonard A. Mackall (The Journal, February 24, p. 572) says that the first case of appendicitis is that described by Heister in 1753, and that this fact was first pointed out by Dr. R. S. Rudolf of Toronto in the<i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>, May, 1913. In the third edition of Dr. Deaver's book on appendicitis, published in Philadelphia by Blakiston in 1905, I revised the chapter on the history of appendicitis, and there at page 16, Heister's case is noted and at page 11 a case of appendicitis described by Fernelius in 1567 is described. The original references to all these cases were consulted in the library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia.
Duplex Scanning of Renal Arteries for Stenosis
Authors: Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 February 1996Duplex Scanning of Renal Arteries for StenosisGlenn M. Chertow, MD, MPHGlenn M. Chertow, MD, MPHBrigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Olin and colleagues [1] present convincing evidence that duplex ultrasonography is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for substantial (> 60%) renal artery stenosis. The authors erred, however, in their definitions of positive and negative predictive values and, in doing so, may have provided an overly optimistic view of test performance in most patient populations.The authors correctly defined the sensitivity of ultrasound (U) as the proportion of positive arteriograms (A) that were positive by ultrasonography [P (U+/A+)] and defined specificity as the proportion of negative arteriograms that were negative by ultrasonography [P (U−/A−)], with arteriography considered ...References1. Olin JW, Piedmonte MR, Young JR, DeAnna S, Grubb M, Childs MB. The utility of duplex ultrasound scanning of the renal arteries for diagnosing significant renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:833-8. Google Scholar2. Weinstein MC, Fineberg HV. The use of diagnostic information to revise probabilities. In: Clinical Decision Analysis. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1980:75-130. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3Page: 370KeywordsAngiographyHypertensionNegative predictive valuePopulation statisticsPositive predictive valueRenal arteriesSpecificityStenosisUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 February 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-214: Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases as novel targets in ovarian cancer
Authors: Angela Wandinger-Ness, S. Ray Kenney, Jacob Agola, Joshua Roxby, Zurab Surviladze, Melina Silberberg, Reema Zeineldin, Anna Vestling, Cristian Bologa, Oleg Ursu, Tudor Oprea, Carolyn Muller, Lesley Lomo, Larry Sklar, Laurie G. Hudson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic malignancy deaths. Because of their roles in cell adhesion and migration, Rho family GTPases have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets in human cancers. We identify the Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases as relevant targets in papillary serous and endometriod tumors. Cdc42 is overexpressed in primary human ovarian tumors and cancer cell lines, and a novel splice variant Rac1b is upregulated in tumors of advanced stage and grade. GTPase activities in primary ascites are 3 to 6-fold higher than in cultured cells. R-Naproxen was identified by high throughput screening of a Prestwick compound library as a select non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) from 23 tested that selectively targets Rac1 and Cdc42 in a bead-based assay using purified proteins. The drug is demonstrated to have positive benefit against cell behaviors required for ovarian cancer dissemination and metastasis using both cell lines and primary human tumor cell isolates. Human ovarian cells show slowed cell proliferation, as well as impaired migration, adhesion and invadopodia formation. Other NSAIDs with structural similarity (S-naproxen and 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid) lack these properties, while a specific Rac inhibitor NSC 23766 mimics the effects. Molecular docking shows R-Naproxen can bind the GDP-bound, but not GTP-bound Rac1, suggesting it may act by stabilizing Rac and Cdc42 in the inactive state. R-Naproxen has potential for rapid translation and efficacy in the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer on account of FDA approval and novel activities against Rho-family GTPases. Funding for this study was generously provided by NIH grants U54MH074425, U54MH084690, R03MH081231, P30CA118100 and UNM Cancer Center FIG.0990MD. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-214
Increase in acanthamoeba keratitis may be associated with use of multipurpose contact lens solution
Authors: H. Jasim, N. Knox-Cartwright, S. Cook, D. Tole
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Acanthamoeba , a ubiquitous amoeba associated with stagnant water, can cause a sight threatening keratitis that is difficult to treat.1 Contact lens users are at greater risk of developing atypical keratitis, particularly when lens hygiene is poor.2

We reviewed case notes to try to identify risk factors that could explain the increased incidence of acanthamoeba keratitis at this eye hospital (figure …
Cardiodynamic Effects of Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: EDWARD R. MUNNELL, CONRAD R. LAM
Journal: Circulation (1951)

During commissurotomy for stenosis of the mitral valve, it has been possible to record the moment to moment changes in left auricular and pulmonary arterial pressures, using an electronic manometer system. The left auricular pulse patterns have varied depending on the degree of stenosis and the presence or absence of auricular fibrillation or unsuspected regurgitation. The degree of success attending operative intervention on the mitral valve has been predictable by a study of the postcommissurotomy tracings.
Follow-up technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: H G Olson, K P Lyons, W S Aronow, W T Brown, R S Greenfield
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) myocardial scintigrams were obtained in 68 patients during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and at follow-up 15.9 +/- 8.8 weeks later. All patients with AMI had a positive scintigram (2+ or greater); only one of 46 control patients (2%) had a positive (2+) scintigram. At follow-up scintigraphy 6 to 37 weeks following AMI, 57% of patients had a persistently positive scintigram even though recurrent AMI was suspected in only one of these patients. Patients with persistently positive scintigrams tended to have more severe disease as evidenced by compensated congested heart failure (41%) persistent angina (77%), and ECG evidence of ventricular dyssynergy (51%), We conclude that 1) in patients with prior AMI, a 2+ abnormality on 99mTc-PYP scintigram may not represent new AMI; 2) a persistently positive 99mTc- PYP scintigram may have prognostic implications since it occurs predominantly in patients with severe symptomatic coronary disease.
Books in Review -- 1996
Authors: E. J. Seifter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

We receive an impressive number of books for review. Some texts are large, multiauthored compilations devoted to the broadest topics in cancer research, prevention, and treatment. Other texts are written by individual authors seeking to enlighten colleagues and the public about relatively narrow specializations or controversies. Some works are part of ongoing series, with guest editors and invited contributors, while others are collections of papers from major meetings held in exotic locales. An occasional book offers opinions so far removed from the mainstream that it would never see the light of day in the peer review world.
Parathyroid Imaging Use of Dual Isotope Scintigraphy for the Localization of Adenomas before Surgery
Authors: LAURENCE V BASSO, CHRISTINE KEELING, MICHAEL L GORIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Seventy-nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, whose average preoperative blood calcium level was 11.6 mg/dl, underwent thallium-technetium dual isotope scintigraphy of the thyroid and parathyroids. For patients who had surgery, the detection and localization rate of parathyroid disease or the sensitivity was low (0.53), but the positive predictive value for the location was high (0.80). Correct localization correlated positively with the weight of the tumor but not significantly with the parathyroid hormone blood level nor with the blood calcium level. Unprocessed data alone were sufficient to predict correctly the location in two thirds of the detected cases. Computer processing increased the sensitivity without decreasing the specificity. Those results, at variance with earlier published data but congruent with another more recent study, require a reevaluation of the role of this scintigraphic technique in the management of hyperparathyroidal patients.
Bystander-Initiated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Management of Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: ROBERT G. THOMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We assessed the influence of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation upon outcome in 316 consecutive patients treated for out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Of 109 patients who received bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 47 (43%) were ultimately discharged home. Of 207 patients for whom resuscitation was delayed until arrival of fire department personnel, 43 (21%) survived (P < 0.001). Improved survival was largely due to a reduction in subsequent hospital mortality rather than to a higher rate of initially effective resuscitation. In a separate analysis of 118 patients treated at a single institution after resuscitation, the reduced hospital mortality reflected a decrease in deaths due to shock and to anoxic encephalopathy. In addition, neurologic dysfunction was significantly less common if bystanders had initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Bystander participation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation represents an important adjunct to a rapid-response emergency care system.
Separation of helper T cells from suppressor T cells expressing different Ly components. II. Activation by antigen: after immunization, antigen-specific suppressor and helper activities are mediated by distinct T-cell subclasses.
Authors: H Cantor, F W Shen, E A Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Cells of the Lyl subclass generate helper activity in both primary and secondary responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). In contrast, after priming with SRBC, cells of the Ly-2+ subclasses, in particular Ly23 cells, have suppressive activity. The degree of Ly23-mediated suppression is directly proportional to the amount of antigen (SRBC) used for priming. Suppression by Ly23 cells is specific, because Ly23 cells from SRBC-primed animals do not suppress the response to horse erythrocytes, and vice versa. Thus, both cytotoxic and specific suppressor functions are mediated by T cells of a subclass, provisionally designated TCS, which can be distinguished from helper T cells (TH), by their Ly phenotypes. It remains to be determined whether killing and suppression are functionally interrelated properties of a single Ly23 subclass, or whether the Ly23 population comprises two subclasses whose surface phenotypes are not yet distinguishable by immunogenetic criteria.
All That Glitters Is Not Beta Carotene
Authors: Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

After a long series of increasingly optimistic reports about the potential health benefits of dietary antioxidants, two reports of randomized trials considerably dampened the enthusiasm for these nutrients. The Finnish trial of beta carotene and vitamin E failed to show a reduction in lung cancer or cardiovascular disease among heavy smokers,<sup>1</sup>and the Dartmouth trial showed no benefit of antioxidants for prevention of colon polyp recurrence.<sup>2</sup>Now, in this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, two reports appear that link high antioxidant intake with reduced risk of coronary disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<sup>3,4</sup>What are we to make of these findings? See also pp 1413 and 1439. Morris et al<sup>3</sup>observed a strong inverse association between total plasma carotenoids and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (relative risk, 0.64 between highest and lowest quartiles). Individual carotenoids were not assayed; thus, the authors appropriately caution against attributing
Epothilones: Mechanism of Action and Biologic Activity
Authors: Susan Goodin, Michael P. Kane, Eric H. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Drugs that target microtubules are among the most commonly prescribed anticancer therapies. Although the mechanisms by which perturbation of microtubule function leads to selective death of cancer cells remain unclear, several new microtubule-targeting compounds are undergoing clinical testing. In part, these efforts focus on overcoming some of the problems associated with taxane-based therapies, including formulation and administration difficulties and susceptibility to resistance conferred by P-glycoprotein. Epothilones have emerged from these efforts as a promising new class of anticancer drugs. Preclinical studies indicate that epothilones bind to and stabilize microtubules in a manner similar but not identical to that of paclitaxel and that epothilones are effective in paclitaxel-resistant tumor models. Clinical phase I and early phase II data are available for BMS-247550, BMS-310705, EPO906, and KOS-862. The results suggest that these compounds have a broad range of antitumor activity at doses and schedules associated with tolerable side effects.
Prolactin and Amenorrhea
Authors: H.S. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Several reports indicate that raised serum prolactin concentrations occur in 15 to 20 per cent of women with amenorrhea1 , 2 and that when the prolactin levels are reduced, normal ovulation cycles and fertility return.3 , 4 Successful management of these cases depends on reliable identification of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and accurate diagnosis of its causes. Clinical discrimination will be needed, however, if endocrine laboratories are not to be overwhelmed by requests for prolactin assays. What, then, are the clinical features that should prompt a request for prolactin measurements in women with amenorrhea?First of all, though galactorrhea on its own is rarely associated with . . .