tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2901: Development of mannose-polyethyleneglycol-modified liposomes for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Tetsuo Fujimura, Ikumi Sugiyama, Kazunori Murai, Yoji Ishida, Naoto Oku, Yasuyuki Sadzuka
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract [Objective]Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) among thrombocytopenia is an acquired autoimmune disease and is not clear on the cause of disease. ITP is produced antibodies to the platelet by immunological action and is thrombocytopenia with platelet phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen. There is a few deaths by the thrombocytopenia, whereas its effective treatment has not been developed. Polyethyleneglycol(PEG) modification of liposome as drug carrier is known to provide blood circulation. The surface of macrophages is overexpressed mannose receptor. Namely, mannose-PEG-modified liposome contained cytotoxic agent is expected to accumulate in macrophage and show cytotoxic effect. The effect of novel therapy for ITP was examined on platelet count and tissue distribution of cytotoxic agent. [Methods]Doxorubicin(DOX) as cytotoxic agent, containing liposome(LDOX), PEG-modified LDOX(PEG-LDOX) and mannose-modified PEG-LDOX(Man-PEG-LDOX) were prepared by remote loading method. ITP model mouse was created by administration of anti-platelet antibodies. Each liposome was administered from the tail vein in the ITP model mouse. On 24hr after each liposome administration, the platelet count was measured and DOX concentration was determined in each tissue. [Results]ITP model mouse was reduced to 7.1% of normal platelet count by anti-platelet antibodies treatment. In LDOX and PEG-LDOX groups, the platelet count does not recover to normal level and DOX concentration in the spleen was low. In contrast, the platelet count in Man-PEG-LDOX group recovered to normal level. Furthermore, DOX concentration in the spleen after Man-PEG-LDOX treatment showed a 2.7-fold of that in LDOX group. [Discussion]To be effective splenectomy for ITP treatment, it is prospected that the accumulation of cytotoxic agent in the spleen is useful. As liposome with PEG-modification has been developed for avoiding the reticuloendotherial system cells such as liver and spleen, this liposome can not show accumulation in the spleen and cytotoxic effect on the macrophages. Thus, PEG-modified liposome is unable to suppress platelets reduction by macrophage phagocytosis. In contrast, after Man-PEG-LDOX administration, DOX concentration in the spleen significantly increased, and thus the platelet count was recovered by cytotoxic effect on the macrophages. Furthermore, DOX accumulations in the heart and other normal tissue in the Man-PEG-LDOX group were lower levels, and DOX induced adverse reaction was expected to be not observed. In conclusion, Man-PEG-LDOX is hoped to be effective as novel treatment for ITP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2901. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2901
WEBSTER'S THIRD
Authors: LLOYD F. CRAVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 November 1969WEBSTER'S THIRDLLOYD F. CRAVER, M.D.LLOYD F. CRAVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-5-1025_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The article "Medical Writing and Webster's Third" by Robert P. Hudson in the August 1969 ANNALS is not only interesting and amusing, but deserves wide reproduction and circulation.The article, emphasizing the permissiveness of Webster's third edition, appeals to me particularly because of the current wide usage of the abstract term malignancy, when cancer is meant. This usage is offensive to some of us who have worked for years in the field of neoplasms. It gives one the impression that the user shrinks away from saying or writing cancer and doesn't realize that to be accurate in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 21 West Roadway Gilgo Beach Box 13 Wantagh, N. Y. 11793 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1969Volume 71, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 1025-1025 Issue Published: 1 November 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interaction of St John's wort with conventional drugs: systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Edward Mills, Victor M Montori, Ping Wu, Keith Gallicano, Mike Clarke, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To determine the methodological quality of clinical trials that examined possible interactions of St John's wort with conventional drugs, and to examine the results of these trials.Systematic review.Electronic databases from inception to April 2004, reference lists from published reports, and experts in the field.Eligible studies were prospective clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetic effect of St John's wort on the metabolism of conventional drugs.Two reviewers selected studies for inclusion and independently extracted data.22 pharmacokinetic trials studied an average of 12 (SD 5) participants; 17 trials studied healthy volunteers and five studied patients. Most (17) studies used a "before and after" design; four studies used control groups other than the active group. Three studies randomised the sequence of administration or the participants to study arms or periods; three studies blinded participants or investigators. In 15 trials, investigators independently assayed the herb. Of 19 trials with available plasma data, three found no important interaction (change in area under the curve < 20%) and 17 found a decrease in systemic bioavailability of the conventional drug; in seven studies the 95% confidence interval excluded a decrease of < 20%.Clinicians and patients should beware of possible decreases in the systemic bioavailability of conventional drugs when taken concomitantly with St John's wort.
The Russian flu. Its history and implications for this year's influenza season
Authors: M. B. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

From November 1977 through mid-January 1978 the population younger than 25 years in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics experienced a widespread epidemic of mild influenza (Russian flu) caused by an H1N1 virus similar to the virus that circulated worldwide during the early 1950s. Outbreaks of Russian flu occurred in school populations and military recruits in the United States starting in mid-January. Many other countries reported outbreaks of H1N1 virus in the winter of 1978. Predictions of influenza activity are always hazardous, but most experts believe that the Russian flu may occur again in the fall and winter of 1978. Other type A and B strains may also circulate; therefore, a trivalent vaccine containing A/USSR, A/Texas, and B/Hong Kong virus strains will be available. It is recommended that the chronically ill and those 65 years and older be the target populations for annual vaccination.
Specialty manpower targets in trouble
Authors: R. Jain, S. Atherton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Is there a doctor in the house? Trust managers Rajesh Jain and Stephen Atherton report on the shortage of consultant manpower facing the NHS 

In the past medical workforce planning was based on a command and control system which relied on central workforce planning and a wide range of numerical controls. It is a system that has continually failed to predict the needs of the health service. As long ago as 1992 trust medical directors were reporting that they were receiving very few or no applications for consultant posts, a remarkable change compared with applications in double figures received in previous years. This led the Association of Trust Medical Directors (ATMD) to commission its study of medical workforce planning on which this article is based.(1)

Ensuring an adequate supply of trained doctors has been the responsibility of the secretary of state for health since the NHS's inception in 1948. A royal commission report in 1968 led to an increase in student places from 2500 to 4080 a year; three new medical schools were founded and established schools increased their intake of undergraduates.(2)

Further reviews through the ‘70s and ‘80s culminated in Achieving a Balance which recommended that the number of doctors in training should broadly be in line with future consultant vacancies.(3) Initially there was some concern about an oversupply of doctors, but by 1989 the Advisory Committee for Medical Manpower Planning was predicting that there would be a shortfall of doctors needed to fill career posts by the year 2005.

In 1991 the secretary of state established a new Medical Manpower Standing Advisory Committee with the aim of providing advice on expected demand and supply of doctors over the longer term. In 1993 the committee confirmed an expected shortfall in trained doctors within 10 years and recommended …
A CASE ILLUSTRATING THE APPLICABILITY OF MURIATE OF COCAINE IN NASAL SURGERY.
Authors: JEFFERSON BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

(Read before the Chicago Medical Society, Nov. 11, 1884.) The introduction of muriate of cocaine will no doubt create an era in ophthalmic surgery, the glowing tributes it has already received in Europe and in the East render irrefutable its qualities as a most efficient and innocuous local anæsthetic. Both Knapp and Gruening, of New York, have already tested its action on the nasal mucous membrane, and the results attained thereby fully equal those in anæsthetizing the eye. Due to the extreme scarcity of the drug in Chicago, it is only at a late hour that I have been able to obtain a small quantity and to apply it in practice. Although my actual experience, so far, has been limited to the case subjoined, the striking results attained are sufficient to fulfill my most sanguine expectations and to regard it as a most valuable adjunct in nasal surgery. Dr. K.,
Physical activity cost of the school run: impact on schoolchildren of being driven to school (EarlyBird 22)
Authors: Brad Metcalf, Linda Voss, Alison Jeffery, Jenny Perkins, Terry Wilkin
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physical activity is perceived as important to children's health, and concern has been expressed at the increasing use of motorised transport to school-the "school run." 1 We have measured the activity cost of the school run in young children in the EarlyBird study. 2
Coffee Consumption and the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Andrea Z. Lacroix, Lucy A. Mead, Kung Yee Liang, Caroline Bedell Thomas, Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We conducted a prospective investigation of the effect of coffee consumption on coronary heart disease in 1130 male medical students who were followed for 19 to 35 years. Changes in coffee consumption and cigarette smoking during follow-up were examined in relation to the incidence of clinically evident coronary disease in comparisons of three measures of coffee intake — base-line intake, average intake, and most recent intake reported before the manifestation of coronary disease. Clinical evidence of coronary disease included myocardial infarction, angina, and sudden cardiac death. In separate analyses for each measure of coffee intake, the relative risks for men drinking five or more cups of coffee per day, as compared with nondrinkers, were approximately 2.80 for all three measures in the univariate analyses (maximum width of 95 percent confidence intervals, 1.27 to 6.51). After adjustment for age, current smoking, hypertension status, and base-line level of serum cholesterol, the estimated relative risk for men drinking five or more cups of coffee per day (using the most recent coffee intake measure), as compared with those drinking none, was 2.49 (maximum width of 95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 5.77). The association between coffee and coronary disease was strongest when the time between the reports of coffee intake and the coronary event was shortest. These findings support an independent, dose-responsive association of coffee consumption with clinically evident coronary heart disease, which is consistent with a twofold to threefold elevation in risk among heavy coffee drinkers. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:977–82.)
II. Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Myocardial Infarction from "Total" Surface Waveform Information
Authors: F. KORNREICH, D. BRISMEE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Eight surface leads were found to account for the "total" waveform information in 282 patients (145 normal subjects, 59 patients with LVH, and 78 with myocardial infarction). In each patient the Frank leads were also reconstructed. After time normalization of the eight leads and the XYZ leads and division of the QRS complex into eight equal parts, the resulting variables (64 in the eight lead system and 24 in the Frank lead system) were submitted to multivariate statistical procedures. In a first step, the variables which proved best for the differentiation between normal records and those from patients with LVH or myocardial infarction were selected through stepwise discriminant analysis. A discriminant function was then computed and applied to both pathological groups. The results clearly point up the superiority of the eight lead system. With the level of specificity kept constant at 95%, 91% of the patients with LVH and 95% of the patients with myocardial infarction were correctly classified. With the Frank leads 83% and 85%, respectively, were recognized. The reproducibility of the results also proved to be better with the eight lead system.
Endotoxin and Lipids
Authors: John I. Gallin, Donald Kaye, William M. O'leary
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 May 1972Endotoxin and LipidsJOHN I. GALLIN, M.D., DONALD KAYE, M.D., WILLIAM M. O'LEARY, PH.D.JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD KAYE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM M. O'LEARY, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-831 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are writing in reference to the article, "Gram-Negative Sepsis: Detection of Endotoxemia with the Limulus Test" (Ann Intern Med76:1-7, 1972), by Levin and associates, who reported slightly elevated mean serum free fatty acids and normal mean triglycerides in patients with "Gram-negative sepsis." They contrasted these results to our studies (1) in which total serum lipids, free fatty acids, and triglycerides were significantly elevated in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia compared with other groups, including healthy controls and patients with bacteremia caused by Gram-positive cocci. We found that free fatty acids were usually elevated early (usually within...References1. GALLINKAYEO'LEARY JDW: Serum lipids infection. N Engl J Med 281:1081-1086, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HIRSCHMACKAYTRAVERS RDA: Hyperlipidermia, fatty liver and bromsulfophthalein retention in rabbits injected intravenously with bacterial endotoxins. J Lipid Res 5:563-568, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GALLINO'LEARYKAYE JWD: Serum concentrations of lipids in rabbits infected with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 133:309-313, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DOLE V: A relation between non-esterified fatty acids in plasma and the metabolism of glucose. J Clin Invest 35:150-154, 1956 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MASORO E: Physiological Chemistry of Lipids in Mammals. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1968, p. 186 Google Scholar2. BIERMANDOLEROBERTS EVT: An abnormality of non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 6:475-479, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ALBRINKNEUWIRTH MR: Effect of previous starvation on the response of plasma lipids and free fatty acids to a fat meal. J Clin Invest 39:441-446; 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MUELLERHORWITZ PD: Plasma free fatty acid and blood glucose responses to analogues of norepinephrine in man. J Lipid Res 3:251-255, 1962 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. LEVINPOOREYOUNG JTN: Gram-negative sepsis: detection of endotoxemia with the Limulus test. Ann Intern Med 76:1-7, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 831-832KeywordsBacteremiaEndotoxemiaEndotoxinsFatty acidsLipidsSepsis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cross district comparison of applications to research ethics committees
Authors: P. Garfield
Journal: BMJ (1995)

have to obtain ethics approval before they can seek fimding for the project.The location and composition of committees linked to commissioning authorities and of those set up by provider units are constantly changing.There may be additional costs in the future if committees levy a charge for considering applications.These issues, together with the concerns that, despite guidelines,2 local committees differ widely in their response to applications,3 have led to a debate on the role of a national ethics committee in multicentre clinical trials and national surveys.45We suggest that there may be complementary roles for a central com- mittee and local committees.A national committee could be asked to consider the scientific and methodological aspects of the study before the application is submitted to the funding body.A single copy of the application and the national committee's recommen- dations could then be sent to local committees, whose unique understanding and knowledge of their popula- tions and local factors could inform their decision whether to review the project protocol further using a standard application form available in electronic form.This arrangement would reduce the time and cost for both local committees and researchers, without jeopardising the interests ofresearch subjects.
Case of Diphtheria
Authors: J. M. Bryan
Journal: BMJ (1859)

B1TIiSn MUDIWAL JOtRaA.U rate of rnortality from these diseases angments with the exten- sion of the period of conflnement.In the Millbank Prison ie bhs shown that the mortality is double that ofthe metropolis, and that the deaths from consumption are three times as nu- Inerons.We have seen that soldiers suffer from the constrained life they lead in barracks, and there can be no doubt that various
Kikuchi's disease and the skin: case report and review of the literature
Authors: K. Yasukawa, T. Matsumura, K.C. Sato-Matsumura, T. Takahashi, Y. Fujioka, H. Kobayashi, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Kikuchi's disease and the skin: case report and review of the literature Get access K. Yasukawa, K. Yasukawa Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Kana Yasukawa. E‐mail: kanay@med.hokudai.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Matsumura, T. Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.C. Sato‐Matsumura, K.C. Sato‐Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Takahashi, T. Takahashi Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Fujioka, Y. Fujioka Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kobayashi, H. Kobayashi Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Shimizu H. Shimizu Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita‐Ku, Sapporo 060‐8638, Japan *Department of Pathology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran, Japan †Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 885–889, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04151.x Published: 01 April 2001
INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS FED DIETS DEFICIENT IN VITAMIN B (B1)
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf, Minerva Kellogg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

73 per cent of a group of albino rats whose diet was deficient in vitamin B have been found to have ulcerations of the gastric mucosa. A control group was found to be free from gastric lesions. Of 74 observed lesions eight were chronic, indurated ulcers resembling chronic peptic ulcer in man. The chronicity of the ulcers seems to be related to the duration rather than the degree of the deficiency. The lesions were generally located along the lesser curvature of the stomach, as is true in man. The size of the lesions in rat and man are comparable if adjustment is made for differences in the sizes of the organs.
Folate Supplements for Stroke Prevention
Authors: Meir Stampfer, Walter Willett
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal