tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and the Regulation of Central Vessel Caliber in the Fetal Rat
Authors: Sergio A. Bustamante, Ying Pang, Silvia Romero, Maria R. Pierce, Cynthia A. Voelker, Jane H. Thompson, Manuel Sandoval, Xiaoping Liu, Mark J.S. Miller
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulates the fetal circulation. Methods and Results Positive evidence for iNOS gene expression was noted in heart central vessels and placenta of untreated rat fetuses. Rats in the last week of pregnancy were treated for 5 days with l - N G -(1-Iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, at 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL in the drinking water. To raise NO levels, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 30 μg/kg was given by intraperitoneal injection, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was placed in mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 10 μg/kg per minute. Control animals were undisturbed. On day 21 of gestation, dams were anesthetized and fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and rapidly frozen in isopentane chilled in liquid nitrogen. Frozen sections (10 μm) were used to reconstruct a computer-generated three-dimensional image of the great vessels and ductus arteriosus. Significant constriction of the great vessels and ductus arteriosus was observed with L-NIL, whereas both LPS and SNP dilated these vessels. The vasorelaxant effect of LPS was blocked by L-NIL. NO release from placental explants was 633±41 nmol/L under basal conditions, increasing to 4.0±0.4 μmol/L with LPS administration, although placental iNOS message and protein levels were unchanged. Conclusions We suggest that nitric oxide, generated by iNOS, plays a significant role in control of major vessel and ductus arteriosus caliber in the rat fetus. In regard to the nitrergic regulation of the circulation, the fetus is clearly different from the adult.
EXSTROPHY OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: C. A. WHEATON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

None of the congenital defects of man have elicited a greater diversity of opinion as to etiology, or more difficulty in correction than those affecting the genital extremity. Until a comparatively recent date the deformities of the genitalia of the male and female offspring were attributed to failure in the evolution of the structures which go to make up the distinctive characteristics of sex. Embryology teaches us that the allantois is the fetal structure from which is derived the bladder and its suspensory ligament; that the urethra is primarily a groove opened below, which gradually advances from the urogenital sinus, and from the imperfect closure of this groove and the imperfect elaboration of this allantoic structure arise the defects which I have selected to here discuss briefly. The latest, and perhaps the best, résumé of this subject is to be found in an article written by F. Tilden Brown<sup>1</sup>
Ventricular Response to a Pressure Load
Authors: Allan V. N. Goodyer, M. Jay Goodkind, Arthur B. Landry
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The response of the left ventricle of the anesthetized dog to graded proximal aortic obstruction was expressed as a ventricular "pressure-function" curve relating peak ventricular pressure to end-diastolic ventricular pressure. Indices were suggested for numerical representation of the pressure-function curve and the normal variations of such indices in the same animal were defined. Pressure-function curves were found to be reproducible in the same animal during changes of cardiac output induced by arteriovenous fistulae or hemorrhage, but not after prolonged ventricular distention by high pressure loads. Changes of the pressure-function curves in both open-chest and closed-chest dogs paralleled changes of ventricular contractility which were expected during anoxia or the action of metaraminol, and which were measured in some experiments by strain-gauge arch or "flow-function" (Starling) curves. A theoretical basis for this relation of the pressure-function curve to ventricular contractility was discussed.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Album of Twelve Flowers&lt;/emph&gt; (No. 11)
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Zealand mixed mice: a genetic systemic lupus erythematosus model for assessing environmental effects.
Authors: U H Rudofsky, D A Lawrence
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiphenotypic autoimmune disease. The hallmark of SLE is the production of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies and the deposition of immune complexes in target tissues such as the kidney, skin, and brain. Additional phenotypic traits are the presence of arthritis, anemia, central nervous system involvement, and a variety of autoantibodies. Females of childbearing age are particularly at risk. Recent genetic analysis of murine SLE shows that susceptibility is under complex polygenic control. It is also apparent that environmental factors contribute to the induction and exacerbation of SLE. We describe here the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a group of recombinant inbred strains of SLE-prone mice that were derived from NZB and NZW progenitors, the parental strains of the classic female F1 hybrid lupus model. Recombination and reassortment of these ancestral genomes resulted in the NZM (New Zealand mixed) strains with strain-specific patterns of renal disease penetrance and other autoimmune traits such as Coombs positive anemia and neurologic deficits. Multiple susceptibility loci of the ancestral strains demonstrate that SLE is inherited as a threshold trait. Because some of these loci co-localize with the susceptibility loci of the insulin-dependent diabetes of nonobese diabetic strain, it is apparent that there are disease-specific as well as autoimmunity-promoting genes. It is proposed that the NZM strains, particularly those with reduced disease penetrance or partial genotypes, provide an improved genetic model for assessment of the effects of environmental agents on SLE and autoimmunity.
Distribution of hepatitis B viral genotypes and mutations in the core promoter and precore regions in acute forms of liver disease in patients from Chiba, Japan
Authors: T Imamura
Journal: Gut (2003)

Although it has been reported that different hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes induce different clinical characteristics in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), there have been few reports that have detailed the distribution of HBV genotypes in acute forms of liver disease.HBV genotypes were determined in 61 patients who had acute forms of liver disease (45 had acute self limited hepatitis (AH) and 16 had fulminant hepatitis (FH)) and in 531 patients with CLD, including 19 patients with severe acute exacerbation of CLD. We also analysed the enhancer II, core promoter, and precore region sequences for the presence of mutations.Expression of genotype B in patients with acute forms of liver disease was significantly greater than in those with CLD (39.3% v 11.7%, respectively; p<0.001). Furthermore, expression of genotype B was significantly greater in patients with FH than in those with AH (62.5% v 31.1%, respectively; p=0.027). The precore mutation A1896 and the core promoter mutation at nt 1753 and 1754 were found more frequently in FH than in AH, and genotype B was predominant in FH regardless of the presence of these mutations.HBV genotype B was found more frequently in patients with acute forms of liver disease than in patients with CLD, and more frequently in patients with FH than in those with AH. These results suggest that this HBV genotype may induce more severe liver damage than other viral genotypes, at least in patients from Chiba, Japan.
The Health Services for Young People in Industry
Authors: R. M. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1970)

observed, but polyphasic motor units were seen in increased numbers as part of a reduced interference pattern on volition, or in restricted areas as highly complex polyphasic units either isolated or grouped in pairs.A similar picture has been found in cases from Los Angeles, U.S.A.5The electromyographic picture would fit in well with changes noted when an agent was transferred to Rhesus monkeys from patients involved in the Adelaide epidemic .6The association of benign myalgia encephalomyelitis with polymyelitis epidemics may not therefore be the result of mass hysteria but to an agent related to poliomyelitis virus.This view is supported by the excellent antibody response after Salk vaccination in children without previous antibody to poliomyelitis in areas affected by the Iceland epidemic in 1955.A poor response was obtained in neighbouring areas unaffected by the epidemic.7The prevention of sequelae and protracted convalescence depends on a sound understanding of the nature of this peculiar disease.Recurrences may be due to exacerbation of the basic illness with fever and lymphadenopathy2 or extension of the neurological complications with new fea- tures, which may be confirmed on electromyography.On the other hand deterioration in the patient's condition may be due to reactive depression or hysteria as found in case notes of some of the patients in the Royal Free Hospital epidemic?-Iam, etc.,
519 Entecavir is superior to lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB): Results of a phase 3 Chinese study (ETV-023) in nucleoside-naïve patients
Authors: G. Yao, C. Chen, W. Lu, H. Ren, D. Tan, Y. Wang, D. Xu, M. Jiang, J. Liu, L. MacDonald, G. Yao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: Authors' reply
Authors: J.-P. Roovers
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We emphasise that we never intended to suggest that hysterectomy might be a treatment for sexual problems. Indeed, our study does not predict improvement for every individual woman.

In contrast to Bradford's interpretation, we directly measured sexual satisfaction (methods section, p 775). In the appendix we presented only the questions of the questionnaire that …
Analgesics, Hemolysis, and Splenomegaly
Authors: BERTRAM SCHNITZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1971Analgesics, Hemolysis, and SplenomegalyBERTRAM SCHNITZER, M.D.BERTRAM SCHNITZER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-320_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I should like to comment and expound on the editorial "Analgesics, Hemolysis, and Splenomegaly" (ANNALS, April 1971). Although phenacetin has been implicated as the agent responsible for nephropathy and hemolytic anemia, our studies in rats showed that phenacetin itself does not cause the Heinz body hemolytic anemia, the methemoglobinemia, the sulfhemoglobinemia, and the prominent enlargement of the spleen (1, 2).Para-chloroacetanilide (acetic-4-chloranilde), a contaminant in phenacetin, caused Heinz body formation, hemolysis, and a tenfold enlargement of the spleen, whereas high doses of phenacetin (in which a minute amount of contaminant was present) caused only mild changes (1)....References1. SCHNITZERSMITHGOLDEN BEA: The effects of phenacetin and its contaminant on the kidney of the rat. Amer J Path 46:917-927, 1965 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SCHNITZERSMITH BE: Effects of metabolites of phenacetin on the rat. Arch Path (Chicago) 81:264-267, 1966 Google Scholar3. SCHNITZERSMITH BE: Observations of phagocytized red cells containing Heinz bodies. Amer J Clin Path 46:538-545, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LAWSONSCHNITZERSMITH NBE: Splenic ultrastructure in drug-induced Heinz body hemolysis. Arch Path (Chicago) 87:491-501, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. JANDLKAPLAN JM: The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. III. Quantitative factors influencing the patterns of hemolysis in vivo. J Clin Invest 39:1145-1156, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. WEISS L: The structure of fine splenic arterial vessels in relation to hemoconcentration and red cell destruction. Amer J Anat 111:131-179, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrugs, Chemicals and Hemolysis 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 320-321KeywordsAnalgesicsHemolytic anemiaMethemoglobinemiaSpleenSplenomegaly Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Impact of Medicare's Prospective Payment System on Wisconsin Nursing Homes
Authors: Mark A. Sager
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To assess the impact of Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS) on nursing homes, we reviewed hospitalization and mortality data for Wisconsin's Medicaid and general elderly populations. During the 12 months following implementation of the PPS, Wisconsin's institutionalized elderly Medicaid population experienced a 72% increase in the rate of hospitalization and a 26% decline in hospital length of stay. Two explanations for the increased hospitalization include physician manipulation of the PPS and increased rehospitalization of nursing home residents who may have been discharged prematurely from hospitals. Between 1982 and 1985, analysis of mortality data revealed a 26.2% increase in the rate of deaths occurring in nursing homes. The increase in nursing home deaths began in 1983 and was associated with a 10.3% decline in hospital deaths during the same period. Using a series of logistic analyses, the shift in location of death from hospitals to nursing homes was found to be more pronounced after implementation of the PPS. This change in location of death may reflect both a less aggressive use of hospital resources by physicians caring for terminally ill patients and a transfer of seriously ill patients to nursing homes for terminal care. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1762-1766)
Guidewire localization by transthoracic echocardiography during central venous catheter insertion: a periprocedural method to evaluate catheter placement
Authors: Jerome Bedel, Fabrice Vallée, Arnaud Mari, Beatrice Riu, Benjamin Planquette, Thomas Geeraerts, Michèle Génestal, Vincent Minville, Olivier Fourcade
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Incidence of epilepsy is now higher in elderly people than children
Authors: A. D Everitt, J. W Sander
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—We were surprised by Neville's statement, in his review on epilepsy in childhood, that “epilepsy starts in childhood in 60% of cases.”1 Although this was possibly the case more than 20 years ago, recent evidence suggests otherwise.

The United Kingdom national general practice study of epilepsy, a prospective population based study, found that in 564 definite incident cases recruited between 1984 and 1987, only 25% of patients were aged under 15. …
Therapeutic Radioiodine Interference With Subsequent Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: REGINA M. VACCARO, MOSHE SOREK, I. AKIVA WULKAN, PAUL PUGLIESE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The patient was a 42-year-old man who had been treated with 9 mCl of l-131 for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Two weeks after treatment, an attempt was made to acquire a multigated cardiac blood-pool study after the intravenous administration of 30 mCl of Tc-99m pertechnetate using an ultra-tag kit; image acquisition proceeded using a LEAP collimator. This image demonstrated an inordinate amount of background activity at the anterior mediastinal area and a poor target-to-nontarget ratio due to septal penetration. At this time, it was realized that the patient had received the therapeutic dose 2 weeks earlier. A medium-energy collimator was then used for acquisition, which produced acceptable images of the heart without excess background activity.
Heparin-hepatocyte growth factor complex with low plasma clearance and retained hepatocyte proliferating activity
Authors: Yukio Kato, Ke-Xin Liu, Toshikazu Nakamura, Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Because hepatocyte growth factor is known to have affinity for heparin, we studied the binding isotherm and found that hepatocyte growth factor has a high-affinity binding site for 35S-heparin with an equilibrium dissociation constant of approximately 0.6 nmol/L. We then analyzed the pharmacokinetic behavior of the heparin–hepatocyte growth factor complex in rats. The area under the plasma concentration-time profiles of trichloroacetic acid–precipitable radioactivities from 0 to 30 min after the intravenous administration of the heparin–125I-hepatocyte growth factor complex was approximately three times that after the administration of 125I-hepatocyte growth factor only. Because we previously demonstrated that the liver is the major clearance organ for hepatocyte growth factor, the hepatic uptake of 125I-hepatocyte growth factor and the heparin–125I-hepatocyte growth factor complex was compared. The liver-to-plasma concentration ratio after the intravenous administration of the complex was half that after the administration of 125I-hepatocyte growth factor only. Furthermore, the steady state hepatic extraction ratio of 125I-hepatocyte growth factor in perfused rat liver decreased depending on the heparin concentration. In addition, the biological activity of the complex was examined by assessing the 125I-deoxyuridine incorporation in cultured rat hepatocytes. Although the half-effective concentration of hepatocyte growth factor increased slightly–namely, two to three times in the presence of heparin compared with that in its absence–the maximal activity was not changed. We conclude that the heparin–hepatocyte growth factor complex, which retains biological activity, exhibits much lower clearances for hepatic uptake and plasma disappearance than hepatocyte growth factor itself. The heparin–hepatocyte growth factor complex may thus be utilized as a drug delivery system for hepatocyte growth factor. (Hepatology 1994;20:417–424.)
Nonsurgical Reduction of the Interventricular Septum in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Waqar Shamim, Mohammed Yousufuddin, Duolao Wang, Michael Henein, Hubert Seggewiss, Marcus Flather, Andrew J.S. Coats, Ulrich Sigwart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract, nonsurgical reduction of the septum is a treatment option when medical therapy has failed. We investigated the long-term effects of nonsurgical reduction of the septum on functional capacity and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics.
Circumcision and HIV
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic significance of new atrial fibrillation and its relation to heart failure following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Milika Asanin, Jovan Perunicic, Igor Mrdovic, Mihailo Matic, Bosiljka Vujisic‐Tesic, Aleksandra Arandjelovic, Zorana Vasiljevic, Miodrag Ostojic
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
The sight test fee Effectiveness for treatment for glaucoma remains unproved
Authors: L Clearkin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,-D T Dennis's editorial on lessons to be learnt from the outbreak of bubonic and pneumonic plague in Maharashtra and Gujurat, India, points towards maintenance of the public health infrastructure to detect, monitor, and combat different agents of disease.'That would not be feasible without sound laboratory support in developing countries where government expenditure on drugs is less than five cents per person and health posts run out of their annual supplies of drugs during the early part of the fiscal year.2Intermediate and peripheral level laboratories would fail to identify promptly infection with Yersinia pestis in rodents, fleas, and humans since
Myocardial Blood Flow in Man Measured by a Coincidence Counting System and a Single Bolus of <sup>84</sup> Ribidium Chloride
Authors: SUZANNE B. KNOEBEL, PAUL L. MCHENRY, DAVID ROBERTS, LEON STEIN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Using a coincidence counting system and a single bolus injection of 84 RbCl, the effect of sublingual nitroglycerin (0.6 mg) on myocardial blood flow (MBF) in normal human subjects was studied. Concomitant pressure time per minute work of the heart was calculated as the product of heart rate, systolic mean pressure, and systolic ejection period. Seventeen subjects were studied. In seven, repeat measurements were made 3 minutes after administration of nitroglycerin and in 10 subjects 10 minutes after the drug was given. There was no predictable direction of change in myocardial blood flow, seven subjects showing an increase and 10 subjects a decrease. There was a highly significant correlation ( P &lt;0.001), however, between the changed in myocardial blood flow and concomitant pressure time. It is concluded that sublingual nitroglycerin does not a priori increase myocardial blood flow in normal man at 3 or 10 minutes; rather, the changes may be related to changes in myocardial oxygen requirements. It would appear, thus, that nitroglycerin does not alter the autoregulatory vessels of the heart.