tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot: Contribution of conservative surgery
Authors: Georges Ha Van, Hubert Siney, Jean-Paul Danan, Claude Sachon, André Grimaldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the duration of healing of foot ulcers with osteomyelitis in diabetic patients treated by medical treatment versus medical treatment associated with conservative orthopedic surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We entered into the study 67 diabetic patients who had a foot ulcer with osteomyelitis without ischemia requiring a peripheral arterial reconstruction. Thirty-two diabetic patients were included in a first historic group from 1986 to 1993, treated by antibiotic therapy, offloading, and wound care. Thirty-two patients were included from September 1993 to March 1995, treated by the same medical treatment and conservative orthopedic surgery. RESULTS The healing rate was 57% in the group treated by the medical treatment alone versus 78% in the surgical group (P &amp;lt; 0.008). The duration of healing was 462 ± 98 days versus 181 ± 30 days (P &amp;lt; 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Conservative surgery contributes to an increase in the healing rate of foot ulcers with osteomyelitis compared with a medical treatment alone.
HLA class II alleles, genotypes, haplotypes, and amino acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: A large-scale study
Authors: Peter T. Donaldson, Anna Baragiotta, Michael A. Heneghan, Annarosa Floreani, Carla Venturi, James A. Underhill, David E.J. Jones, Oliver F.W. James, Margaret F. Bassendine
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Twin and family studies suggest there is a significant genetic component to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, the inability to replicate reported associations has been a recurring problem, with the only consistently reported genetic association that between PBC and HLA - DRB1*0801 . However, recently even this has been questioned, and a number of novel associations have also been reported. We reinvestigated HLA class II DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in a total of 492 well-characterized PBC patients, 412 from the United Kingdom and an additional 80 patients from northern Italy. There was a clear and significant association with HLA -DRB1*0801 in both groups of patients compared to population-specific healthy controls (12% versus 4% in the UK patients, P = .00087, OR = 3.05; and 18% versus 6% in the Italian patients, P = .021, OR = 3.15). There were also significant protective associations with DRB1*11 in the Italian patients (28% versus 47%, P = .0071, OR = 0.42), but not in the UK patients (8% versus 8%) and a protective association with DRB1*13 in both series (14% versus 20%, P = .042, OR = 0.65 in the UK patients; and 10% versus 31%, P = .00092, OR = 0.25 in the Italian patients). In conclusion , a complex relationship exists between HLA and PBC, and some genetic associations may be population specific.
Vasoactive effects of bile salts in cirrhotic rats:In vivo andIn vitro studies
Authors: Jung-Min Pak, Samuel S. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To clarify a possible pathogenic role for bile salts in the hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis, we studied the vasoactive effects of three different bile salts-tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid-in cirrhotic rats. Cirrhosis was induced with bile duct ligation; controls underwent sham surgery. In vivo, the bile salts were intravenously infused at one of three doses (1.2 x 10(-7), 1.2 x 10(-6) and 6.0 x 10(-5) mol x 100 gm-1 x min-1) for 5 min. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid infusions increased mesenteric arterial blood flow and conductance and induced systemic arterial hypotension, whereas tauroursodeoxycholic acid had no significant effect. At similar plasma levels of bile salts, the responses in cirrhotic rats were attenuated compared with those of controls. In vitro, isolated rings of superior mesenteric and carotid arteries and portal vein were precontracted with phenylephrine; then dilatory responses to cumulative doses of bile salts (10(-6) to 10(-3) mol/L) were measured. In all three vessels, taurodeoxycholic acid produced stronger dilatory effects than did taurochenodeoxycholic acid, whereas tauroursodeoxycholic acid showed no significant effect. Vessels from cirrhotic and control rats did not differ in degree of response. These results indicate that bile salts are directly vasoactive and can induce splanchnic vasodilation at the pathophysiological plasma levels seen in cirrhosis. Bile salts may be involved in the pathogenesis of splanchnic hyperemia and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis.
Presence of the Metabolic Syndrome Does Not Impair Coronary Collateral Vessel Formation in Patients With Documented Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jobien K. Olijhoek, Jeroen Koerselman, Peter P.Th. de Jaegere, Marianne C. Verhaar, Diederick E. Grobbee, Yolanda van der Graaf, Frank L.J. Visseren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The metabolic syndrome confers an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The presence of coronary collaterals may have beneficial effects during myocardial ischemia and may improve cardiovascular outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Impaired collateral formation could be one of the reasons for the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance on the presence of coronary collaterals. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS—We conducted a cross-sectional study in 227 patients referred for elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to the University Medical Centre Utrecht. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to Adult Treatment Panel III, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used to quantify insulin resistance. Coronary collaterals were graded with Rentrop’s classification. Rentrop grade ≥1 indicated the presence of collaterals. Results were adjusted for age, sex, and severity of coronary artery disease. RESULTS—A total of 103 patients (45%) were diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome. There was no association between the metabolic syndrome and the presence of coronary collateral formation (odds ratio [OR] 1.2 [95% CI 0.7–2.0]). Also, the degree of insulin resistance was not related to the presence of coronary collaterals. The OR for HOMA-IR (highest versus lowest tertile) was 0.7 (0.3–1.5) and for QUICKI (lowest versus highest tertile) 0.8 (0.4–1.6). CONCLUSIONS—The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are not related to the presence of coronary collaterals in patients with documented coronary artery disease.
1017-68 Influence of Platelet GP IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibition with c7E3 on the Sequelae of Dissection During Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: A. Michael Lincoff, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf, Harlan F. Weisman, Nancy M. Wildermann, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abstract 3250: Bioluminescence imaging of prostate cancer progression and response to therapy in PTEN-deficient mice
Authors: Robert U. Svensson, Michael D. Henry
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate specific deletion of PTEN function in mice has been reported to recapitulate histological progression of human prostate cancers. Here we describe an improvement on this previously characterized model of prostate cancer by incorporation of a luciferase reporter allele. Specifically, the cancer initiating event is coupled to activation of firefly luciferase from the endogenous ROSA26 promoter in the same prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, we have extensively backcrossed our model onto the albino C57BL/6J background which enhances BLI sensitivity. Consistent with previous studies, we show that progression of prostate cancer from 3-12 weeks is rapid and is correlated with an increase in bioluminescence. However, longitudinal BLI from 12-40 weeks reveals a plateau in bioluminescence signal that is correlated with a halt in cellular proliferation as evidenced by Ki67 staining at necropsy. This may be related to activation of a cellular senescence pathway as reported previously in PTEN deficient mice. We further demonstrate the utility of this model to evaluate the effects of diet induced obesity on disease progression and to monitor response to therapy. Our model may offer advantages in sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection compared to other similar approaches. This work is supported by NIH grant R21 CA137490 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3250.
Selection of Kidney Recipients
Authors: L. G. Hunsicker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In his recent editorial, Dr Rapaport 1 expressed serious concerns about federal initiatives in organ transplantation. He suggested that the current efforts of the transplantation community to provide transplantation in a scientifically sound, fair, and accountable fashion might be significantly hindered by governmental interference. We would like to present the somewhat differing viewpoint of the leadership of the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons on these issues.  The current shortage of cadaveric organs, which has resulted from the explosive increase in transplants performed, has led to public concern about the equity of organ distribution. In response to this concern, with the strong urging of the transplant community, Congress in 1984 passed the Transplant Act, which mandated establishment of a national organ procurement and transplantation network (OPTN), created a task force to make recommendations on a number of issues, and provided support
Preliminary evaluation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy features of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: M. Ardigò, I. Maliszewski, C. Cota, A. Scope, G. Sacerdoti, S. Gonzalez, E. Berardesca
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) can simulate other inflammatory diseases both clinically and histologically. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive, reproducible imaging technique already reported to be useful in the evaluation of several inflammatory skin conditions such as contact dermatitis, psoriasis and Darier disease. Objectives The aims of our study were to define RCM features of DLE and to evaluate its feasibility in biopsy site selection. Methods Discoid lesions were selected for RCM evaluation from 10 patients with an established diagnosis of DLE. Subsequently, a 4‐mm punch biopsy of the same areas evaluated with RCM was rendered for histopathological examination. Results A series of RCM features of DLE was identified and shown to correlate well with histopathological evaluation. Interface changes, as well as epidermal, dermal and adnexal inflammatory cell infiltration, were identified with RCM in a high percentage of the lesions. A limitation of RCM examination besides imaging depth was the inability to distinguish lymphocytes from other white blood cells. Conclusions The utility of RCM as a diagnostic tool for DLE awaits further evaluation, although it appears to be promising for biopsy site selection.
Cutaneous Rhizopus infection: R rhizopodiformis vs R oryzae
Authors: I. Weitzman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  We question the species identification of a Rhizopus isolated from a cutaneous infection associated with an elasticized adhesive dressing (242:272, 1979). The species was identified as R oryzae , but no information was furnished regarding the criteria for the identification, and no confirmation from an expert mycologist in this area was reported. We requested this culture specimen from the authors for study, but it appears to be no longer available. Similarly, two isolates originally reported to cause cutaneous infections associated with elasticized adhesive (Elastoplast) bandages are also no longer available. 1,2   The only confirmed cultures associated with the Elastoplast bandages have been identified as R rhizopodiformis , 2-4 not R oryzae. It is unfortunate that the epidemiology of these cutaneous infections associated with Elastoplast bandages has been confused by inadequate reports.
Screening for Hemochromatosis and Iron Deficiency in Employees and Primary Care Patients in Western Germany
Authors: Claus Niederau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Many physicians still believe that iron overload (hemochromatosis) is an uncommon disorder. Objective: To estimate the frequency of iron overload and iron deficiency in a group of employees and a group of outpatients. Design: Prospective screening study. Setting: Western Germany. Participants: 3012 asymptomatic employees and 3027 outpatients of nine practitioners. Measurements: Serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation were measured. Participants with repeatedly abnormal results had thorough clinical evaluations to identify the cause of iron deficiency or overload. Results: Gross iron overload (elevated transferrin saturation and ferritin levels) was proven by liver biopsy and phlebotomy treatment in 28 participants (0.4% of female outpatients, 0.7% of male outpatients, 0.2% of female employees, and 0.4% of male employees) and in six siblings of these participants. Of the 34 participants with iron overload, 30 were precirrhotic. Because 60% of an unselected group of employees with elevated transferrin saturation but normal ferritin levels were assumed to have early hemochromatosis, the prevalence of hemochromatosis was estimated to be 1.8% among patients (1.9% in women and 1.6% in men) and 1.0% among employees (1.1% in women and 1.0% in men). Iron deficiency was found in 6.8% of female patients, 2.4% of male patients, 6.0% of female employees, and 0.5% of male employees. Conclusions: Iron deficiency was more common in women, and iron overload was more common in men. Among male employees, iron overload was almost as common as iron deficiency.
Does your heart go on vacation?
Authors: Elizabeth Rider
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The health sector bears a large part of the socioeconomic burden of road injury.It would benefit from better road injury prevention in terms of fewer hospital admissions, reduced severity of injuries and, in the event of safer conditions for pedestrians and cyclists, health benefits from more walking and cycling.Anything worth doing in road injury prevention in future, as in the past, requires strong and persistent advocacy from those with the public health most in mind.
The Use and Implications of Do Not Resuscitate Orders in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Jack E. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To describe current "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order writing practices, we studied 7,265 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions at 13 hospitals. All of the ICUs used DNR orders and 39% of all in-unit deaths were preceded by them. Patients with DNR orders were often elderly and in severely failing health. They were more severely ill than other patients in ICUs, and often had multiple organ failure. Most patients with DNR orders (94%) died in the hospital, and 86% died or were discharged from the ICU three days after a DNR order. The frequency of DNR orders ranged from 0.4% to 13.5%, and the mean interval from ICU admission to DNR order was from 5.4 to 24 days. These variations could not be explained by differences in patient characteristics, and may reflect varying physician attitudes. Do not resuscitate orders are now an accepted practice in ICUs and their use follows basic ethical and scientific guidelines. The brief interval between writing a DNR order and death or ICU discharge suggests that they often represent a decision point for placing broader limits on therapy.Researchers at the George Washington University Medical Center (GWUMC) studied "do not resuscitate" (DNR) practices in the intensive care units of 13 hospitals covering 7,265 admissions. Variations found in the use and timing of DNR orders were attributed to physician treatment decisions rather than to patient presentation. DNR decisions were frequently accompanied by withdrawal of other life-support therapy. Information collected at GWUMC supported the contention that the physician is dominant in the DNR decision, that families do participate in the discussion, but that patient participation is low--frequently due to reduced consciousness. The authors conclude that physician recognition of the limits of aggressive medical care is compatible with the ethical values of not prolonging death unnecessarily, avoiding treatment that does not positively affect the patient's condition, and distributing medical resources to patients who are most likely to benefit.
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS (INHIBITION REACTIONS)
Authors: K. Landsteiner, J. van der Scheer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Experiments are described which confirm the result that the specificity of inhibitory reactions involving substituted aromatic acids is decidedly influenced by the position of the substituent. When antigens with specific groups of very simple constitution are used for the tests, inhibiting effects are obtained also with substances distantly related to those determining the reactivity of the antigens. On the other hand, if antigens are built up from protein and chemical compounds of somewhat higher complexity, the specificity of the inhibition reactions with synthetic crystallized substances is of the same order as that of the usual serum reactions; in other words, it is possible to distinguish such compounds by serological tests as readily as proteins can be differentiated with the aid of precipitating sera.
PRACTICE COMPARISONS BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES &amp;ndash; EARLY RESULTS WITH JAPANESE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION REGISTRY AND ITS DIRECT COMPARISON WITH THE NCDR&amp;reg; CATH/PCI REGISTRY
Authors: Shun Kohsaka, Hiroaki Miyata, Eric Peterson, Akio Kawamura, Matthew Roe, Keiichi Fukuda, Frederick Masoudi, John Rumsfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Focal Necrotizing Myocarditis without Interstitial Infiltration
Authors: MORTON G. BROWN, ROBERT FIENBERG, DANIEL HOLZMAN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Sudden death occurred in a patient considered to have a myocardial infarction. Detailed microscopic examination revealed a focal necrotizing myocarditis without interstitial infiltration. The original connective tissue framework without collagen in many of the areas where muscle fibers disappeared precludes the term myocardial fibrosis. A pathologic classification is suggested. No adequate etiologic agent could be found.
* NHS bowel cancer screening programme in england
Authors: L. Coleman, I. Fretwell
Journal: Gut (2011)

Introduction NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) was established following successful pilot screening programmes in England and Scotland.[1][1] The BCSP commenced in 2006 with a 3-year phased implementation offering screening to men and women aged 60–69. The programme also enabled people aged 70 and over to self-refer into the screening programme. Objectives (1) Reduce mortality from bowel cancer by up to 16%.[2][2] (2) Offer men and women aged 60–69 a guaiac-based FOBt every 2 years. (3) Enable those over 70 to be screened on request. (4) Offer those with an abnormal screening result a colonoscopy as the investigation of choice. (5) Refer for treatment if cancer is found at screening colonoscopy. (6) Transfer to colonoscopic surveillance within BCSP where intermediate/high risk polyps are found. Methods The programme comprises five regional programme hubs responsible for call and recall, laboratory processing of test kits and booking clinic appointments for participants with abnormal FOBt results. Participants with an abnormal FOBt result are referred to a local screening centre to discuss colonoscopy with a specialist screening practitioner (SSP) within 2 weeks and offered a screening colonoscopy within a further 2 weeks. Screening centres must satisfy specific criteria: full JAG accreditation of endoscopy units, Global Rating Scale scores of levels A and B and a minimum of two accredited screening colonoscopists. General practitioners are not directly involved in the screening process, but do receive information to support their patients to make an informed choice. Results All 58 screening centres are now operational across England, and the entire eligible population will have received at least one invitation by December 2011. The screening invitation age range is being extended to 75th birthday from 2010 in response to the government's Cancer Reform Strategy. The eligible screening population will increase from approx 5.3 million to approx 8 million men and women in England. Conclusion Six million invitations have been despatched. Prevalent round data shows an average uptake of 52.9%. Uptake is lower in men than women, increases with age and falls with increasing levels of deprivation. 2.05% of participants were found to be FOBt positive; 10% of these patients had a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and a further 30% had advanced adenomas and were transferred to colonoscopic surveillance within the screening programme. 61% of cancers found were either staged at Dukes A or B, with a further 10% of cancers being 'polyp cancers' which were completely excised during colonoscopy. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2