tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of Albumin Metabolism in Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia*
Authors: Thomas A. Waldmann, Leonard Laster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Excerpt The electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins of 20 patients with deficient synthesis of gamma globulin revealed that in 15 the serum albumin concentration was less than 3.5 g/100 ml, and ...
OBESITY AS A DETERMINANT OF LEFT ATRIAL SIZE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HYPERTENSION. THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Authors: Efstathios Taxiarchou, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Roussos, Dimitris Tsiachris, Dimitris Syrseloudis, Costas Thomopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Ioannis Kallikazaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cephaloridine and endocarditis.
Authors: J. L. Whitby, H. J. Black
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDIJOURNALwas the strongly expressed views of many experienced physicians that heroin still has a small but unique place in the therapeutic armamentarium-namely, in the alleviation of severe and often agonal coronary pain and in the relief of useless and exhausting cough in terminal chest conditions-that halted this measure then.I consider psychiatrists to be, if anything, less gullible than other branches of the pro- fession, and would invite the signatories to produce the evidence that there is an adequate substitute for heroin in the clinical states I have mentioned.On page 707 of the same issue of the B.M.7. the Home Office figure for heroin addiction in this region is two.-Iam, etc.,Leeds 17.M. DALES.Management of Acute Poisoning SIR,-Your leading article (4 March, p. 519) reaffirms the need for establishing centres for the management of acute poisoning.It points out that the incidence has increased considerably in recent years and that the mortality rate is reduced where special units exist, as in the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh.Failure to draw attention to the psychiatric aspects of this new epidemiological problem is a serious omission, as most patients are suffering from self-poisoning.'For many years physicians and psychiatrists have worked together as a team at the Royal Infirmary, but this complementary approach is seldom provided elsewhere.2Kessel and many others have drawn atten- tion to the importance of understanding the communication involved in an act of self- poisoning or attempted suicide.It is invariably an effort to draw attention to an intoler- able situation in the life of an individual.It is the psychiatrist's role to respond to that appeal by providing all the available social and psychiatric support.Your appeal for more widespread availability of specialized care for acute poisoning is most laudable, but if attention is paid only to the medical aspects of the problem the patient's " cry for help " is largely ignored.It is to be hoped that in the centres envisaged facilities for combined management by physicians and psychiatrists will be standard practice.-Weare, etc.
Technical Modifications and Strategies for Stenting Gastric Outlet Strictures Using Esophageal Endoprostheses
Authors: I. Maetani, T. Tada, J. Shimura, T. Ukita, H. Inoue, Y. Igarashi, H. Hoshi, Y. Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The outcome of stenting gastric outlet stricture is favorable compared with a bypass operation which has significant morbidity and mortality. In Japan, this procedure is particularly complicated by a lack of enteral stents. We report some technical stratagems for stent placement for gastric outlet strictures.Between February 1993 and July 2001, 23 patients with gastric outlet strictures (14 men, nine women; mean age 72 years) underwent stent placement using an esophageal stent system. The Ultraflex or Z-stents were used in 18 or five patients, respectively. With the Ultraflex, we increased the length of the delivery system. Some patients underwent stent placement with the help of endoscopic assistance with a grasping forceps or a home-made sheath.The metal stent was successfully inserted in all patients. There were no complications during the procedure. Migration occurred in two out of five patients treated with the Z-stent, whereas there was no migration in patients treated with the Ultraflex stent. In two patients, curable pancreatitis was caused by pressure on the duodenal papilla. One of these patients also experienced bile stasis which required biliary decompression. There were three cases of obstruction, caused by tumor ingrowth (1), hyperplasia (1) and stent fracture (1); recanalization by an additional stent placement and/or cutting stent filaments was successful. All the patients died, with a median survival period of 52 days. There was no procedure-related mortality.With some technical modification, stent placement for gastric outlet stricture, even using an esophageal stent, is feasible. This procedure offers good palliation with no major complications.
George Alexander Cockburn Esson
Authors: J. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2009)

After house surgeon jobs at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and an assistantship in the pathology department, George Alexander Cockburn Esson joined the army and served in 1939 in Orkney, where he undertook the medical care of the army force guarding Scapa Flow. Having convinced the authorities of his special skills in bacteriology and pathology, …
Permanent response to alpha-interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C is preceded by rapid clearance of HCV-RNA from serum
Authors: Sergi Ampurdanés, Eva Olmedo, Maria D. Maluenda, Xavier Forns, Francesc X. López-Labrador, Josep Costa, Jose M. Sánchez-Tapias, Maria T. Jimenez de Anta, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Voice-controlled devices for the severely disabled
Authors: H. A. Rusk
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MOBILITY and communication are fundamental in the rehabilitation of the severely disabled. Most persons with spinal cord dysfunction can live independent lives in a wheelchair, and even a quadriplegic with an intact neurologic segment at C-6 can be rehabilitated to be almost completely independent in all daily activities. Patients with higher levels of spinal cord dysfunction, however, remain dependent on help from others. It is for this reason and the fact that there have been a higher number of surviving high-level quadriplegics in the last few years that rehabilitation centers are using modern technology to improve the function of the severely disabled.  New devices for the disabled are operated by means of sensitive microswitches, by movements of the tongue or chin, or by pneumatic control using positive or negative cheek pressures. All of these devices require a mechanical linkage of the patient with the equipment being used. Since a patient
Long-Term Prevention of Bone Loss
Authors: Gerson T. Lesser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 July 2000Long-Term Prevention of Bone LossGerson T. Lesser, MDGerson T. Lesser, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 (Lesser)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Ravn and coworkers (1) show that alendronate supplement in early postmenopausal women stabilizes or increases bone mineral density (BMD) for up to 4 years of use. However, their conclusions would have been more supportable had the design included optimal calcium and vitamin D intake for all participants (oddly, the latter was not even mentioned).Calcium intake was estimated from a questionnaire; if the participants' diet contained less than 500 mg of calcium daily, the participant was “advised” to increase intake (hardly an assurance of implementation). Although optimal calcium intake is not known, a goal of 1200 to ...References1. Ravn P, Bidstrup M, Wasnich RD, Davis JW, McClung MR, Balske A, et al . Alendronate and estrogen–progestin in the long-term prevention of bone loss: four-year results from the Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:935-42. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:670-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Ott SM. Calcium and vitamin D in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis.. In: Marcus R, eds. Osteoporosis. Boston: Blackwell Scientific; 1994:227-92. Google Scholar4. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboueuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, et al . Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1637-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 (Lesser) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAlendronate and Estrogen–Progestin in the Long-Term Prevention of Bone Loss: Four-Year Results from the Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pernille Ravn , Marianne Bidstrup , Richard D. Wasnich , James W. Davis , Michael R. McClung , Ana Balske , Carol Coupland , Opinder Sahota , Amarjot Kaur , Marianne Daley , Giovanni Cizza , and Long-Term Prevention of Bone Loss Pernille Ravn , Richard D. Wasnich , and Giovanni Cizza Metrics 4 July 2000Volume 133, Issue 1Page: 72KeywordsBone densityBone mineral densityBone resorptionCalciumCohort studiesDietQuestionnairesVitamin DVitamin D deficiency Issue Published: 4 July 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cholesterol Stimulation of Phosphatidyl Choline Formation
Authors: LAURENCE O. PILGERAM, DAVID M. GREENBERG
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The conversion of ethanolamine to phosphatidyl choline was studied in liver slices from rats exposed to a high dietary intake of cholesterol in the presence of cholic acid. Cholesterol stimulated phosphatidyl choline formation per unit weight of liver tissue and increased the total liver mass thereby increasing further the total yield of phosphatidyl choline. These results are contrasted with the opposite effect of cholesterol on the liver phosphatides of the rabbit. A relationship between phosphatides and cholesterol metabolism and between species susceptibility to cholesterol induced atherosclerosis and phosphatide metabolism is pointed out.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–A mRNA Expression in Fetal, Normal Adult, and Atherosclerotic Human Aortas
Authors: Charles E. Murry, Trudy Bartosek, Cecilia M. Giachelli, Charles E. Alpers, Stephen M. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background To understand which growth factors are important for growth of atherosclerotic plaques, it is necessary to know the factor’s relative abundance and how its gene is regulated in relation to cell proliferation. We tested whether platelet-derived growth factor–A (PDGF-A) mRNA levels correlated with cell proliferation in developing aorta, normal adult aorta, and atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results We developed a competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to measure human PDGF-A mRNA levels in small tissue samples. A mutated PDGF-A synthetic RNA was used as an internal standard to compete with endogenous PDGF-A mRNA for amplification. The assay is highly sensitive and much more precise than routine RT-PCR. Correction for heteroduplex pairing between the endogenous and mutant PCR products correlates precisely with synthetic RNA standards and quantitative Northern blotting. Immunostaining with the proliferation marker (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) showed the following rank order of proliferation: fetal aorta&gt;&gt;atherosclerotic plaque&gt;normal aortic media. PDGF-A mRNA levels, however, did not correlate with proliferation. Normal adult aorta contained the most PDGF-A mRNA (34.0±7.6 amol/μg total RNA). Fetal aortas were intermediate (10.2±1.6 amol/μg total RNA); advanced atherosclerotic plaques contained the least PDGF-A mRNA (0.3±0.1 amol/μg total RNA). PDGF-A protein was readily detectable in normal media by immunostaining. Advanced plaques generally had less cell-associated PDGF-A protein, although A-chain was also detected in plaque matrix. Conclusions PDGF-A mRNA and protein do not correlate with proliferation among these three groups. The significance of high levels of PDGF-A mRNA in the “quiescent” aortic media is unknown, but it clearly does not promote cell replication.
Book Review Scientific American Medicine on CD With manual, 32 pp. System needed: Multimedia IBM PC or compatible with 8 MB RAM. (Also available for Macintosh System 7.0 and 8 MB RAM.) New York, Scientific American, 1998. $245 (individual subscription). 0-89454-009-2
Authors: Michael Gdalevich, Daniel Mimouni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Human alveolar macrophages produce predominantly the 35-kD pro-forms of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: R W Janson, K R Hance, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a key role in local immunoregulation. The objective of these studies was to compare the production of the pro- and mature forms of both interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by AM from nine nonsmoking control subjects, six asymptomatic smokers, and nine patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta steady-state mRNA levels in AM cultured over 20 h were determined using specific cDNA probes. IL-1 alpha, 35-kD pro-IL-1 beta, and 17-kD mature IL-1 beta protein levels in cell lysates and supernatants were determined by individual specific ELISAs. Before culture, the isolated AM contained no IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta mRNA. AM from nonsmoking control subjects and asymptomatic smokers produced comparable levels of IL-1 alpha protein, 5.01 +/- 1.02 ng/ml and 4.54 +/- 1.07 ng/ml, respectively, only after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and not with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The majority of the IL-1 alpha was present in the cell lysates as 35-kD pro-IL-1 alpha, as determined by Western blot analysis. AM from patients with ILD produced higher levels of LPS-induced cell-associated IL-1 alpha protein (9.78 +/- 1.80 ng/ml, p = 0.031). LPS-induced IL-1 beta production by AM from nonsmoking control subjects (5.22 +/- 1.89 ng/ml) and asymptomatic smokers (4.39 +/- 0.66 ng/ml) was equivalent to total IL-1 alpha protein production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back pain: Targeting “physical factors” alone is not evidence based practice
Authors: Maureen Simmonds, Anne Daykin
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
Histological reaction to titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite particles in the rabbit tibia
Authors: S.B. Goodman, J.A. Davidson, V.L. Fomasier
Journal: Biomaterials (1993)

The interfacial membrane harvested from failed joint replacements contains particulate debris from the materials used for the implant. To define the tissue response to particulate titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite (HA) alone, 16 mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 8 rabbits. Using sterile technique, a drill hole was placed anteromedially in the tibia, 1 cm distal to the knee joint bilaterally. The marrow was scooped out and 0.25 mg of either titanium alloy particles or HA particles were inserted in the right tibia. The titanium alloy particles had a diameter averaging 4.0 +/- 4.4 microns (mean +/- standard deviation) and an aspect ratio (the ratio of the maximum length divided by the maximum width) of 1.84. The HA particles had a diameter of 4.4 +/- 3.3 microns and an aspect ratio of 1.76. The left leg was prepared in a similar fashion, but no biomaterial was implanted. The animals were killed after 16 wk. The harvested tibiae were processed with decalcification and the plastic-embedded sections were subjected to histomorphological analysis. Black titanium alloy particles were present within the bone marrow fat between haematopoietic cells, and within scattered macrophages. The surrounding bone appeared to be unaffected. Within the spongiosa, the HA particles were surrounded by small numbers of mononuclear histiocytes or encased within a shell of new appositional bone. Where HA deposits were exposed to the endosteal aspect of bone, there was scalloping of the surface of the HA in a pattern suggestive of resorption or dissolution of the HA particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Temporal relation of antigenaemia and loss of antibodies to core antigens to development of clinical disease in HIV infection.
Authors: C Pedersen, C M Nielsen, B F Vestergaard, J Gerstoft, K Krogsgaard, J O Nielsen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A total of 276 sequential serum samples from 34 men with antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) followed up for two to seven years were analysed for HIV antigen and antibodies to the viral core and envelope proteins. Results were correlated with clinical outcome and CD4 T lymphocyte count. Both antigenaemia and the disappearance of antibodies to the core protein were associated with development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related complex and depletion of CD4 cells. Thus AIDS or AIDS related complex developed in eight out of 16 patients with antigenaemia compared with one out of 18 patients without antigenaemia. Low counts of CD4 cells (less than 0.5 X 10(9)/l) were found in 14 of the 16 patients with antigenaemia and five of the 18 without antigenaemia. Nine patients seroconverted to HIV during the study; two of these developed antigenaemia 14 and 16 months after the estimated time of seroconversion. These results show that the late stages of HIV infection are characterised by increased production of antigen and a decrease in antibodies directed against the core protein. Antigenaemia indicates a poor prognosis; and as the antigen test is simple to do and interpret, it may therefore be useful for selecting patients for antiviral treatment.
The genomic landscape of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and pediatric non-brainstem high-grade glioma
Authors: Gang Wu, Alexander K Diaz, Barbara S Paugh, Sherri L Rankin, Bensheng Ju, Yongjin Li, Xiaoyan Zhu, Chunxu Qu, Xiang Chen, Junyuan Zhang, John Easton, Michael Edmonson, Xiaotu Ma, Charles Lu, Panduka Nagahawatte, Erin Hedlund, Michael Rusch, Stanley Pounds, Tong Lin, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Robert Huether, Richard Kriwacki, Matthew Parker, Pankaj Gupta, Jared Becksfort, Lei Wei, Heather L Mulder, Kristy Boggs, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Jake C Russell, Kerri Ochoa, Robert S Fulton, Lucinda L Fulton, Chris Jones, Frederick A Boop, Alberto Broniscer, Cynthia Wetmore, Amar Gajjar, Li Ding, Elaine R Mardis, Richard K Wilson, Michael R Taylor, James R Downing, David W Ellison, Jinghui Zhang, Suzanne J Baker
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
A Comparison of the Effects of 2 Types of Massage and Usual Care on Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Daniel C. Cherkin, Karen J. Sherman, Janet Kahn, Robert Wellman, Andrea J. Cook, Eric Johnson, Janet Erro, Kristin Delaney, Richard A. Deyo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of massage for chronic low back pain. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2 types of massage and usual care for chronic back pain. Design: Parallel-group randomized, controlled trial. Randomization was computer-generated, with centralized allocation concealment. Participants were blinded to massage type but not to assignment to massage versus usual care. Massage therapists were unblinded. The study personnel who assessed outcomes were blinded to treatment assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00371384) Setting: An integrated health care delivery system in the Seattle area. Patients: 401 persons 20 to 65 years of age with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Intervention: Structural massage (n = 132), relaxation massage (n = 136), or usual care (n = 133). Measurements: Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and symptom bothersomeness scores at 10 weeks (primary outcome) and at 26 and 52 weeks (secondary outcomes). Mean group differences of at least 2 points on the RDQ and at least 1.5 points on the symptom bothersomeness scale were considered clinically meaningful. Results: The massage groups had similar functional outcomes at 10 weeks. The adjusted mean RDQ score was 2.9 points (95% CI, 1.8 to 4.0 points) lower in the relaxation group and 2.5 points (CI, 1.4 to 3.5 points) lower in the structural massage group than in the usual care group, and adjusted mean symptom bothersomeness scores were 1.7 points (CI, 1.2 to 2.2 points) lower with relaxation massage and 1.4 points (CI, 0.8 to 1.9 points) lower with structural massage. The beneficial effects of relaxation massage on function (but not on symptom reduction) persisted at 52 weeks but were small. Limitation: Participants were not blinded to treatment. Conclusion: Massage therapy may be effective for treatment of chronic back pain, with benefits lasting at least 6 months. No clinically meaningful difference between relaxation and structural massage was observed in terms of relieving disability or symptoms. Primary Funding Source: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.