tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chloride secretory mechanism induced by prostaglandin E1 in a colonic epithelial cell line.
Authors: A Weymer, P Huott, W Liu, J A McRoberts, K Dharmsathaphorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Confluent T84 monolayers grown on permeable supports and mounted in a modified Ussing chamber secrete chloride (Cl-) in response to prostaglandin E1. The threshold stimulation was observed at 10(-9) M and a maximal effect at 10(-6) M. Unidirectional flux studies showed an increase in both serosal to mucosal and mucosal to serosal Cl- fluxes with 10(-6) M prostaglandin E1; the increase in serosal to mucosal Cl- flux exceeded the increase in mucosal to serosal flux, resulting in net Cl- secretion. Na+ transport was not affected in either direction and the changes in net Cl- flux correlated well with the changes in short circuit current. To identify the electrolyte transport pathways involved in the Cl- secretory process, the effect of prostaglandin E1 on ion fluxes was tested in the presence of putative inhibitors. Bumetanide was used as an inhibitor for the basolaterally localized Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport system whose existence and bumetanide sensitivity have been verified in earlier studies (Dharmsathaphorn et al. 1984. J. Clin. Invest. 75:462-471). Barium was used as an inhibitor for the K+ efflux pathway on the basolateral membrane whose existence and barium sensitivity were demonstrated in this study by preloading the monolayers with 86Rb+ (as a tracer for K+) and simultaneously measuring 86Rb+ efflux into both serosal and mucosal reservoirs. Both bumetanide and barium inhibited the net chloride secretion induced by prostaglandin E1 suggesting the involvement of the Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport and a K+ efflux pathways on the basolateral membrane in the Cl- secretory process. The activation of another Cl- transport pathway on the apical membrane by prostaglandin E1 was suggested by Cl- uptake studies. Our findings indicate that the prostaglandin E1-stimulated Cl- secretion, which is associated with an increase in cyclic AMP level, intimately involves (a) a bumetanide-sensitive Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport pathway that serves as a Cl- uptake step across the basolateral membrane, (b) the stimulation of a barium-sensitive K+ efflux mechanism on the basolateral membrane that most likely acts to recycle K+, and (c) the activation of a Cl- transport pathway on the apical membrane that serves as a Cl- exit pathway.
Types of atrophic gastritis in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: G Pokorny, G Karacsony, J Lonovics, J Hudak, J Nemeth, V Varro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Histological examination of the gastric mucosa was performed in 44 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome with extraglandular symptoms (mean age 51.9, range 22-76). Biopsy specimens were taken from each of three separate regions: the antrum, the corpus, and the transitional zone between the antrum and the corpus. The incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis was considerably higher in patients with Sjögren's syndrome than in the controls. In the young patients with Sjögren's syndrome atrophic lesions were more common both in the antrum and in the corpus than in the control group. In middle aged patients, however, only the antrum, and in the elderly only the corpus, was much more commonly affected than in the controls. All three types of chronic atrophic gastritis occurred in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Decreased gastric acid secretion was associated mainly with atrophic gastritis of types A and AB, whereas hypergastrinaemia occurred almost exclusively in gastritis of type A.
Metabolism of 2-aminofluorene by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: more evidence for the association between inflammation and cancer.
Authors: V J Isola, T C Hartman, S J Trumble, M C Ruzek, J M Gentile
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Recent investigations have demonstrated the ability of leukocytes to metabolize promutagens or procarcinogens into their genotoxic forms. As a possible explanation for the association between inflammation and cancer, we and others have hypothesized that local accumulations of leukocytes could take up nearby promutagens, metabolize them, and release genotoxic agents that may cause damage in the surrounding tissue. Using a modified, two-step preincubation protocol with Salmonella, we have tested this hypothesis. We have shown that total human peripheral blood leukocytes, cultured in the presence of 2-aminofluorene for 18 hr, can metabolize 2-aminofluorene into agents mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. Furthermore, experiments in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes were separated from mononuclear leukocytes demonstrated that the PMNs metabolized 2-aminofluorene to a much greater extent than the MNs.
Stroke recurrence in children with sickle cell disease treated with hydroxyurea following first clinical stroke
Authors: Susanna Bortolusso Ali, Michelle MooSang, Lesley King, Jennifer Knight‐Madden, Marvin Reid
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Chronic transfusion therapy is the treatment of choice for preventing stroke recurrence in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The majority of children affected by this devastating complication live in the developing world where access to regular blood transfusions may be impractical. Since 2000, in the absence of regular blood supplies, all children at the Sickle Cell Unit who had experienced a first clinical stroke were offered hydroxyurea (HU) as the only intervention to prevent stroke recurrence. Forty-four children were identified as having experienced a first clinical stroke between January 1, 2000 and September 30, 2009; one died at that presentation. Forty-three children were therefore followed for 111 person-years, of whom 10 (23.3%) agreed to start HU. Only one child in the HU group, incidence rate 2/100 person-years, had clinical stroke recurrence, compared to 20/33 in the non-HU group, incidence rate 29/100 person-years (Hazard ratio (HR) 9.4 [95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.3-70.6]; P = 0.03). When the groups were compared, in the non-HU group, four died (vs. zero), 13 (53% vs. 10%) had moderate-severe physical disability (P = 0.017), and 12 (44% vs. 20%) required special education or were too disabled to attend school. Our data support the role of HU as a useful intervention for prevention of stroke recurrence in SCD when transfusion programs are not available or practical.
Mechanism of red blood cell aging: Relationship of cell density and cell age
Authors: Sergio Piomelli, Carol Seaman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The human red cell has a life span of 120 days. The mechanism that determines cell removal from the circulation with such precision remains unknown. Most studies of red cell aging have been based on analysis of cells of progressively increasing age separated by density. The relationship between red cell age and density has been recently challenged, and the hypothesis has been put forward that cell death is not the result of a progressive deterioration of essential cell constituents. This theory was based on preliminary observations in transient erythroblastopenia of childhood, which could not later be confirmed. When the relationship between cell aging and increasing density is critically reviewed, it appears to be based on firm experimental evidence, confirmed by in vivo demonstration of decreasing survival of cells of increasing age. Analysis of studies using buoyant density gradients reveals that this technique can easily distinguish the single exponential slope of decline for those cell components that change progressively throughout the red cell life span from the biphasic decline of those that decrease drastically at the reticulocyte‐mature red cell transition. The view that the aging of the red cell and its removal from the circulation result from a progressive series of events during the 120 days of its life span appears to be the most consistent with the available data. Density separation, validated by much experimental evidence, remains a most useful technique for the study of the mechanism of aging of the red cell. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Paul D. Thompson, Jere H. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN this issue of the Journal, Siscovick and co-workers1 report that vigorous physical exercise both protects against and provokes sudden cardiac death. The risk of cardiac arrest during vigorous physical activity was transiently increased, especially in men who habitually engaged only in low levels of physical activity. Despite this short-term danger associated with exercise, however, the total risk for men who regularly exercised vigorously was only 40 per cent of that for the less active subjects. These results suggest that vigorous exercise is both protector from and provoker of sudden cardiac death but that any short-term risk of exercise . . .
THE ESTROFA-LM REGISTRY: COMPARISON OF PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. RESULTS AT 3 YEARS FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Jose de la Torre Hernandez, Angel Sanchez-Recalde, Bruno Garcia del Blanco, Manuel Jimenez Navarro, Federico Gimeno, Ramon Calvino, Neus Salvatella, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Felipe Hernandez, Fernando Rivero, Jose Moreu, Jose R. Rumoroso, Francisco Bosa, Monica Masotti, Victoria Martin, Juan A. Bullones, Arsenio Gallardo, Jose A. Fernandez Diaz, Victor Aragon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Geldanamycin-induced Lyn dissociation from aberrant Hsp90-stabilized cytosolic complex is an early event in apoptotic mechanisms in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Livio Trentin, Martina Frasson, Arianna Donella-Deana, Federica Frezzato, Mario A. Pagano, Elena Tibaldi, Cristina Gattazzo, Renato Zambello, Gianpietro Semenzato, Anna M. Brunati
Journal: Blood (2008)
ANALYSIS OF CONCOMITANT MULTI-SYSTEMIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STUDY FOR CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS, PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE OF LOWER LIMBS, RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Yoichi Imori, Takeshi Akasaka, Satoshi Takeshita, Shigeru Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Spain must tackle uneven distribution of its doctors, report says
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Although Spain has a higher proportion of doctors per head of population than most other European countries, the distribution is uneven, and some specialties have shortages, a report from the Organizacion Medica Colegial says.

Juan Jose Rodriguez Sendin, secretary general of the college, which represents all Spain’s registered doctors, said, “The problem is not one of supply, but of unregulated, unforeseen, or unplanned demand influenced by the intervention of many factors of variable importance, such as population, human resource policies of the Spanish Ministry of Health, and planning.

“There is only an occasional lack of doctors in Spain in certain specialties, provinces, and departments. It is more correct to talk about maldistribution rather than a real lack of doctors. The professionals we have in Spain are not well distributed according to …
Assessment of papillary muscle function in the intact heart.
Authors: M Marzilli, H N Sabbah, S Goldstein, P D Stein
Journal: Circulation (1985)

A technique is described to localize the anterolateral papillary muscle and to assess its performance in vivo. Using this technique, we measured sequentially the pressure generated within the anterolateral papillary muscle and its changes in length during the cardiac cycle in eight open-chest anesthetized dogs. Pressure within the anterolateral papillary muscle was measured with a 1.6 mm diameter micromanometer probe. Its dimensional changes were measured with ultrasonic crystals. Pressure within the anterolateral papillary muscle exceeded left ventricular pressure throughout the entire cardiac cycle. A difference of 200 +/- 23 mm Hg was present between systolic pressure in the anterolateral papillary muscle and left ventricular systolic pressure (348 +/- 25 vs 149 +/- 6 mm Hg) (p less than .001). Shortening of the anterolateral papillary muscle began 25 +/- 2 msec after the upstroke of the aortic pressure, continued throughout isovolumic relaxation, and was maximal 68 +/- 5 msec after the apex of the aortic incisura. The extent and velocity of shortening of the anterolateral papillary muscle were maximal when pressure within the muscle was lowest. This temporal dissociation between pressure and dimensional changes of the anterolateral papillary muscle appeared to result from cyclic changes of loading imposed on the muscle.
Workshop 1: Lessons from the past
Authors: Charles E. Reed, I.Leonard Bernstein, John A. Anderson, Sheldon G. Cohen, Jerry Dolovich, J.Andrew Grant, Michael D. Liebowitz, John E. Morley, Laurie J. Smith, Richard J. Summers, Irving A. Tabachnick, Stephen I. Wasserman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1986)
On Re-Infusion of Blood in Primary and Other Amputations
Authors: J. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1886)

reommended " from the acroion to the pubes."As, in Mr. Tait's first ase of cholecystotomy, the tumour had crosed the middle line, and in my own case it was on the verge of crossing, I do not think this can be so reliable as the one I have given.Both, however, would eliminate the class of tumoura just referred to.Case No. 9 is, of course, a very exceptional one.In this case, if
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Provides an Immune-tolerant Platform for Myoblast Transplantation in Dystrophic Dogs
Authors: Maura H Parker, Christian Kuhr, Stephen J Tapscott, Rainer Storb
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy in humans. The goal of myogenic stem cell transplant therapy for DMD is to increase dystrophin expression in existing muscle fibers and to provide a source of stem cells for future muscle generation. Although syngeneic myogenic stem cell transplants have been successful in mice, allogeneic transplants of myogenic stem cells were ineffective in several human trials. To determine whether allogeneic muscle progenitor cells can be successfully transplanted in an immune-tolerant recipient, we induced immune tolerance in two DMD-affected (cxmd) dogs through hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Injection of freshly isolated muscle-derived cells from the HCT donor into either fully or partially chimeric xmd recipients restored dystrophin expression up to 6.48% of wild-type levels, reduced the number of centrally located nuclei, and improved muscle structure. Dystrophin expression was maintained for at least 24 weeks. Taken together, these data indicate that immune tolerance to donor myoblasts provides an important platform from which to further improve myoblast transplantation, with the goal of restoring dystrophin expression to patients with DMD.
Mepolizumab for Prednisone-Dependent Asthma with Sputum Eosinophilia
Authors: Parameswaran Nair, Marcia M.M. Pizzichini, Melanie Kjarsgaard, Mark D. Inman, Ann Efthimiadis, Emilio Pizzichini, Frederick E. Hargreave, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Eosinophilic inflammation, which may be a consequence of interleukin-5 action, is a characteristic feature of some forms of asthma. However, in three previous clinical trials involving patients with asthma, blockade of this cytokine did not result in a significant improvement in outcomes. We studied the prednisone-sparing effect of mepolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5, in a rare subgroup of patients who have sputum eosinophilia and airway symptoms despite continued treatment with prednisone. Secondary objectives were to examine its effect on the number of eosinophils in sputum and blood, symptoms, and airflow limitation.In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial involving patients with persistent sputum eosinophilia and symptoms despite prednisone treatment, we assigned 9 patients to receive mepolizumab (administered in five monthly infusions of 750 mg each) and 11 patients to receive placebo.There were 12 asthma exacerbations in 10 patients who received placebo, 9 of whom had sputum eosinophilia at the time of exacerbation. In comparison, only one patient who received mepolizumab had an asthma exacerbation, and this episode was not associated with sputum eosinophilia (P=0.002). Patients who received mepolizumab were able to reduce their prednisone dose by a mean (+/-SD) of 83.8+/-33.4% of their maximum possible dose, as compared with 47.7+/-40.5% in the placebo group (P=0.04). The use of mepolizumab was associated with a significant decrease in the number of sputum and blood eosinophils. Improvements in eosinophil numbers, asthma control, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were maintained for 8 weeks after the last infusion. There were no serious adverse events.Mepolizumab reduced the number of blood and sputum eosinophils and allowed prednisone sparing in patients who had asthma with sputum eosinophilia despite prednisone treatment. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00292877.)
Carcinoma of the Vagina
Authors: Paul B. Underwood
Journal: JAMA (1971)

No associated or etiological factors could be identified in 35 malignancies of the vagina presented. Abnormal vaginal bleeding and an atypical discharge were the usual presenting symptoms in three quarters of the patients. The treatment either by surgery or irradiation in the early-stage lesion gave excellent survivals. In latestage lesions, survival was poor in that of five patients treated with ultraradical surgery, all died, and of 11 patients treated with radiation, only two lived over five years without recurrence. Irradiation, however, preserves a functional bladder, vagina, and rectum. A program integrating external irradiation with radium plus patient individualization is presented as a treatment of choice for most vaginal malignancies.
ANURIA IN CONGENITAL SINGLE KIDNEY RELIEVED BY URETERAL CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Daniel N. Eisendrath
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The term "solitary" or single kidney should be applied only to cases in which a single metanephros exists in the embryo. Cases in which the two kidneys have fused on one side of the body should not be included in the term solitary kidney. They are better described as cases of crossed ectopia, the ureter of the lower of the two fused kidneys crossing to end in the opposite side of the bladder. As a rule, the ureter of the true congenital single kidney ends on the same side of the bladder as that on which the kidney is situated. Clinically it is well, however, to remember that the ureter of the opposite side may be patent for a variable distance even though the kidney is absent, and also that the ureter of the single kidney may cross the median line of the body to end in the opposite side
Preconditioning rabbit cardiomyocytes: role of pH, vacuolar proton ATPase, and apoptosis.
Authors: R A Gottlieb, D L Gruol, J Y Zhu, R L Engler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Ischemic preconditioning signals through protein kinase C (PKC) to protect against myocardial infarction. This protection is characterized by diminished intracellular acidification. Acidification is also a feature of apoptosis, and several agents act to prevent apoptosis by preventing acidification through activation of ion channels and pumps to promote cytoplasmic alkalinization. We characterized metabolic inhibition, recovery, and preconditioning through a PKC-dependent pathway in cardiomyocytes isolated from adult rabbit hearts. Preconditioning reduced loss of viability assessed by morphology and reduced DNA nicking. Blockade of the vacuolar proton ATPase (VPATPase) prevented the effect of preconditioning to reduce metabolic inhibition-induced acidosis, loss of viability, and DNA nicking. The beneficial effect of Na+/H+ exchange inhibition, which is thought to be effective through reduced intracellular Na+ and Ca++, was also abrogated by VPATPase blockade, suggesting that acidification even in the absence of Na+/H+ exchange may lead to cell death. We conclude that a target of PKC in mediating preconditioning is activation of the VPATPase with resultant attenuation of intracellular acidification during metabolic inhibition. Inhibition of the "death protease," interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or related enzymes, also protected against the injury that followed metabolic inhibition. This observation, coupled with the detection of DNA nicking in cells subjected to metabolic inhibition, suggests that apoptotic cell death may be preventable in this model of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
CPR BEFORE DEFIBRILLATION FOR OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Pascal Meier, Hitinder S. Gurm, Bettina Henzi, Ozlem Ozdemir, Stanley Chetcuti, Paul M. Grossman, Guido Knapp
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Bacteriology and Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis.
Authors: R. C. Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Bacteriology and Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis.R. C. Reynolds, M.D. (Associate), F. I. Catlin, M.D., L. E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.R. C. Reynolds, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, F. I. Catlin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-734_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFifty patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were studied to determine the bacteriology of this infection and its response to antibiotic therapy. Diagnosis was established in all cases by directly observing purulent discharge from the ostium of the infected sinus and antral clouding upon transillumination. Sinus discharge or antral washings provided the material for culture. The antibiotic sensitivity of the recovered microorganisms was recorded, and all coagulase-positive staphylococci were phage typed.Initially, patients were placed on a 5-day course of one antibiotic (erythromycin, tetracycline, or penicillin) or a placebo. Double blind controls were used in administration of antibiotics and placebo. Subsequent... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. C. Reynolds, M.D. (Associate); F. I. Catlin, M.D.; L. E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 734-735KeywordsAntibioticsBacteriologyBacteriophagesErythromycinPenicillinTetracyclines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Is additional neurohormonal antagonism useful in patients with severe chronic heart failure already receiving a combination of neurohormonal antagonists? Results of the COPERNICUS study
Authors: Henry Krum, Paul Mohacsi, Hugo A. Katus, Michal Tendera, Jean L. Rouleau, Michael B. Fowler, Andrew J. Coats, Ellen B. Roecker, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)