tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased beta-receptor density and improved hemodynamic response to catecholamine stimulation during long-term metoprolol therapy in heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: S M Heilbrunn, P Shah, M R Bristow, H A Valantine, R Ginsburg, M B Fowler
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Severe heart failure is associated with a reduction in myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density and an impaired contractile response to catecholamine stimulation. Metoprolol was administered during a 6-month period to 14 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to examine its effects on these abnormalities. The mean daily dose of metoprolol for the group was 105 mg (range, 75-150 mg). Myocardial beta-receptor density, resting hemodynamic output, and peak left ventricular dP/dt response to dobutamine infusions were compared in 9, 14, and 7 patients, respectively, before and after 6 months of metoprolol therapy while the patients were on therapy. The second hemodynamic study was performed 1-2 hours after the morning dose of metoprolol had been given. Myocardial beta-receptor density increased from 39 +/- 7 to 80 +/- 12 fmol/mg (p less than 0.05). Resting hemodynamic output showed a rise in stroke work index from 27 +/- 4 to 43 +/- 3 g/m/m2, p less than 0.05, and ejection fraction rose from 0.26 +/- 0.03 to 0.39 +/- 0.03 after 6 months of metoprolol therapy, p less than 0.05. Before metoprolol therapy, dobutamine caused a 21 +/- 4% increase in peak positive left ventricular dP/dt; during metoprolol therapy, the same dobutamine infusion rate increased peak positive dP/dt by 74 +/- 18% (p less than 0.05). Thus, long-term metoprolol therapy is associated with an increase in myocardial beta-receptor density, significant improvement in resting hemodynamic output, and improved contractile response to catecholamine stimulation. These changes indicate a restoration of beta-adrenergic sensitivity associated with metoprolol therapy, possibly related to the observed up-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors.
Urinary tact obstruction. Current methods of evaluation
Authors: R. A. Older
Journal: JAMA (1981)

EVALUATION of urinary tract obstruction is undergoing considerable change owing to the introduction of many new imaging modalities. Imaging studies used in evaluating possible obstruction include the abdominal roentgenogram, excretory urography, ultrasound, computed tomography, retrograde pyelography, and antegrade pyelography. The first part of this discussion will deal with the specific imaging studies and the information that they can provide. The interrelationships of these studies and their uses in given clinical situations will then be discussed in part 2. <h3>PART 1</h3><h3>Abdominal Roentgenogram</h3> The abdominal roentgenogram is simple to obtain and may show obvious causes of obstruction, such as ureteral stones or even large bladder stones. Marked hydronephrosis can occasionally be suggested from the plain-film findings of an enlarged kidney and a soft-tissue "mass" effect produced by an enlarged renal pelvis. <h3>Excretory Urography</h3> This is the primary imaging study in most instances of known or suspected obstruction.<sup>1</sup>Obstruction can be
Rapid development of severe end-organ damage in C57BL/6 mice by combining DOCA salt and angiotensin II
Authors: F. Kirchhoff, C. Krebs, U.N. Abdulhag, C. Meyer-Schwesinger, R. Maas, U. Helmchen, K.F. Hilgers, G. Wolf, R.A.K. Stahl, U. Wenzel
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
High Court quashes GMC's findings that psychiatrist abused his position
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The High Court has taken the rare step of quashing findings of fact by a General Medical Council fitness to practise panel, ruling that the panel’s determination was “flawed by reason of procedural unfairness, failure to give adequate reasons, and, as a result, a possible failure properly to address all the evidence.”

The panel found that Robin Lawrence, a Harley Street psychiatrist, encouraged a woman patient to believe that he wanted to pursue an emotional relationship with her, told her he had a sexual fantasy about her, spoke of meeting her socially, and continued with psychotherapy after he had become emotionally involved with her.

Although it was not alleged that he had a sexual relationship with “Patient B,” the panel held that his behaviour was sexually motivated …
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Youkyung Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung, Sang Eun Kim, Tae Jung Kim, Kyung Won Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The aim of this study is to evaluate CT, FDG PET, and clinicopathologic features of the adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung (ASC).Twenty-six patients (M/F = 20:6; mean age, 65.0 years) who underwent surgical resection of ASC were included. The tumors were assessed in terms of size, location, morphologic characteristics, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on CT and FDG PET. Proportion of adenocarcinoma was determined. The central and peripheral groups were compared. The differences in disease-free survival among the groups according to the observations were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier test for patients who underwent curative resection (n = 21).Diameter was 3.8 ± 1.9 cm. Five tumors were located centrally (19.2%) and 21 tumors peripherally (80.8%). Internal low and heterogeneous attenuation was found in all patients. Margins were lobulated in 20 (80%) patients, spiculated in 23 (92%), and ill-defined in 23 (92%). SUVmax was 8.3 ± 3.9. Adenocarcinoma proportion was 33 ± 28%. Central ASC were larger than peripheral ASC (5.7 cm vs. 3.4 cm, P = 0.007). Only SUVmax >6.3 was a poor prognostic factor.ASC was more commonly peripheral than central, and showed internal low and heterogeneous attenuation and possessed lobulated, spiculated, or ill-defined margin on CT. Mean SUVmax of ASC was 8.3 ± 3.9. Central ASC was larger than peripheral ASC. Except for tumor size, central ASC and peripheral ASC showed no significant differences in pathology, FDG PET, and survival. Higher SUVmax was a poor prognostic factor.
Pesticide poisoning in the developing world—a minimum pesticides list
Authors: Michael Eddleston, Lakshman Karalliedde, Nick Buckley, Ravindra Fernando, Gerard Hutchinson, Geoff Isbister, Flemming Konradsen, Douglas Murray, Juan Carlos Piola, Nimal Senanayake, Rezvi Sheriff, Surjit Singh, SB Siwach, Lidwien Smit
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Helios+ FoxP3+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells are peripherally expanded in active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tobias Alexander, Lars Templin, Siegfried Kohler, Christian Groß, Arne Sattler, Andreas Meisel, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester, Andreas Radbruch, Andreas Thiel, Falk Hiepe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Naturally occurring FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in induction and maintenance of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. Even though intensively studied, their role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still controversially discussed. The authors here investigated Treg expression of Helios, a member of the Ikaros transcription factor family that was recently introduced as a potential marker of thymic-derived natural T regulator (Treg) cells. <h3>Methods</h3> Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to analyse coexpression levels of Helios, CD25, CD127, CD45RA, CD31 and Ki-67 in FoxP3+ Tregs from peripheral blood of 20 patients with SLE, 20 age- and sex matched healthy controls (HC), 10 patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) and 10 patients after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. In addition, ex vivo STAT5 phosphorylation, T cell receptor Vβ chain usage and cytokine secretion was investigated in Treg subsets by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> The authors found that levels of FoxP3+ Helios+ T cells, but not their FoxP3+ Helios- or FoxP3- Helios+ counterparts were significantly increased in SLE compared to HC and dSSc patients (median 11.0% vs 5.0% vs 5.8%), and these levels correlated with disease activity using the SLEDAI score (R2=0.73).Phenotypically, this T cell subset in SLE resembled expanded memory regulatory T cells with decreased coexpression levels of CD31 and CD45RA almost to those found in thymectomised patients, low coexpression levels of CD127 and increased proliferation rates. Upon stimulation, effector cytokine secreting cells among FoxP3+ T cells were exclusively confined to the Helios- subset. Phospho-flow cytometry revealed significant higher ex vivo STAT5 phosphorylation levels in SLE Tregs compared to HC suggesting recent stimulation with γ-chain cytokines. In contrast to HC, expanded FoxP3+ Helios+ Tregs in SLE showed a restricted TCR Vbeta family usage. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data demonstrate that increased levels of FoxP3+ Helios+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells found in peripheral blood of SLE result from peripheral expansion via a STAT5-driven pathway rather than through increased thymic output. The skewed TCR repertoire found in such expanded Tregs, however, suggests that this process is not only cytokine-dependent but presumably also driven by high-affinity TCR engagement with available autoantigens. Even though expanded in vivo, lupus Tregs may not compensate for autoreactive effector T cell responses in active disease. However, they may serve as a source for Treg-based interventions in future therapeutic approaches. So far, FoxP3+ Helios+ Tregs may be utilisable as a biomarker for disease activity in SLE.
The DINE System: Nutrient Analysis, Diet Improvement Software Package
Authors: PAUL L. MARINO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Software1 May 1987The DINE System: Nutrient Analysis, Diet Improvement Software PackagePAUL L. MARINO, M.D., Ph.D, WILLIAM NOVICK, M.D.PAUL L. MARINO, M.D., Ph.DSearch for more papers by this author, WILLIAM NOVICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-786_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMuch of the software developed for clinical nutrition has focused on creating parenteral and enteral feeding regimens for hospitalized patients. The DINE (Diet Improvement and Nutritional Evaluation) system is aimed at the more healthy outpatient population, and is designed to aid in evaluating and improving the dietary intake of this population. The DINE software was developed in 1980 at the State University of New York at Buffalo, and has recently been updated to the present version.The software is available for the Apple II series and IBM PC microcomputers. The IBM version of the program (which is reviewed here) does... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Graduate Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 786-786KeywordsDietNutrientsNutritionOutpatients Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract P6-03-02: Breast Reduction Mammoplasty and Incidence of Occult Carcinoma. A 10 Year Experience
Authors: K Mazhar, A Goyal, S Coulson, C. Caddy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to report the incidence of cancer in reduction mammoplasty specimens and suggest alternative pragmatic cost-effective way of identifying and treating patients with carcinoma. Methods: All patients who underwent breast reduction surgery at Northern General Hospital over a 10-year period were identified from a prospective database. The histopathology reports and case records of all patients with significant abnormalities were analysed. All breast reduction specimens were sliced at 1 cm intervals and examined macroscopically. At least 3 blocks per breast were examined microscopically in addition to sampling of any grossly abnormal tissue. Results: Between October 1999 and April 2010, 1,588 patients underwent reduction mammoplasty. The median age of patients was 38 years (range 16-75 years). Indications for surgery were macromastia in 1,194 (75.2%), congenital asymmetry in 182 (11.5%) and contralateral symmetry procedure post breast cancer surgery in 178 (11.2%). 9 specimens showed atypical hyperplasia (0.57%). 5 cancers were detected (0.31%). 4 of the 5 patients had normal mammograms 1-3 years before the reduction operation (not done in 1). Of these cancers, 4 were invasive (3 invasive lobular, 1 invasive ductal) (0.25%) (mean invasive tumour size 9 mm (SD 7.4)) and 1 was DCIS (4mm) (0.06%). A lump was felt macroscopically by the pathologist in 2 of the 4 patients with invasive cancer. The median age of patients with invasive cancer was 56 years (range 47-68 years). Patient found to have DCIS did not undergo further surgery while those with invasive disease underwent mastectomy (3) and axillary nodal staging (4). None of the patients with benign/normal post-reduction breast imaging had residual breast cancer on histology. Conclusion: The incidence of occult carcinoma in reduction mammoplasty specimens is less than 0.5%. Pre-operative mammogram is not useful as 4 of the 5 patients with cancer had a normal mammogram 1-3 years before surgery and invasive lobular cancers are often not detected on mammogram. Mastectomy may be avoided in patients with no residual breast disease on post-reduction imaging. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-02.
Chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in AIDS
Authors: Yana J. Paulson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Fischl et al<sup>1</sup>make important observations on preventing the occurrence of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in a group of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma who have not yet had an episode of<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia (primary prophylaxis). Chemoprophylaxis to prevent recurrent<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia (secondary prophylaxis) has been, and currently is being, studied extensively in our institution. Previously, we used sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for secondary prophylaxis in an uncontrolled study and found an apparent high incidence of recurrence of<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia (&gt;30% in six months). In addition, we found, as did Fischl et al, a high incidence of adverse effects associated with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim therapy. Our experience with sulfadoxine (Fansidar) has been that it is even less efficacious as a form of secondary chemoprophylaxis, although it seems to have fewer adverse effects than sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim therapy. Because we thought that neither
Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subtypes, hepatitis C virus genotypes and hepatitis delta virus types in Turkish patients with hepatitis virus infections
Authors: A.M. Bozdayi, N. Aslan, G. Bozdayi, A.R. Turkyilmaz, T. Sengezer, U. Wend, O. Erkan, S. Zakirhodjaev, S. Orucov, F. Aydemir, H. Bozkaya, W. Gerlich, S. Karayalcin, C. Yurdaydin, O. Uzunalimoglu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in cultured rat tracheal epithelial cells.
Authors: A Castonguay, L Overby, P Nettesheim, G C Clark, R M Philpot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were cultured on membrane support with and without retinoic acid (RA). In early (6-day-old) cultures, the epithelium is a monolayer or bilayer of undifferentiated cells and secretes little mucuslike product either in the absence or presence of RA. In late (12- to 15-day-old) cultures, the epithelium differentiates as a mucociliary epithelium in the presence of RA and as a squamous epithelium in the absence of RA. The purpose of our study was to determine whether a number of xenobiotic enzymes are expressed in these cultures and whether their expression depends on the state of differentiation. Enzyme expression was characterized by electrophoresis and immunoblotting as a function of time in culture and phenotypic differentiation. Cytochrome P450 1A1 was not expressed in freshly harvested RTE cells. This isoenzyme was induced in rats by gavage with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or by exposure of early RTE cell cultures to TCDD, provided RA was also added to the cultures. Cytochrome P450 2B1 was observed in freshly isolated RTE cells, but not in early or late RTE cultures. In contrast, expression of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was decreased in early cultures, but was increased in well-differentiated cultures. Flavin-containing monooxygenase was detected in lung tissue, but not in freshly harvested or cultured RTE cells. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) mu and pi were expressed in freshly harvested RTE cells. GST pi was expressed in early and late cultures, whereas GST mu was expressed in late cultures, but could not be found in early cultured RTE cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time Trends in the Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Childhood
Authors: M. Geraldini, N.A. Rosario, C.A. Riedi, B.B. Leopoldino, C.S. Rosario, F. Barkema, F. Palermo, G. Macedo, L.D.K. Kusano, N.O. Eiras, R. Robl, R.P. Schnekenberg, T.B. Ribeiro, V. Macedo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Poverty or income inequality as predictor of mortality: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: K. Fiscella, P. Franks
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine the effect of inequality in income between communities independent of household income on individual all cause mortality in the United States.Longitudinal cohort study.A nationally representative sample of 14,407 people aged 25-74 years in the United States from the first national health and nutrition examination survey.Subjects were followed from initial interview in 1971-5 until 1987. Complete follow up information was available for 92.2% of the sample.Relation between both household income and income inequality in community of residence and individual all cause mortality at follow up was examined with Cox proportional hazards survival analysis.Community income inequality showed a significant association with subsequent community mortality, and with individual mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and mean income in the community of residence. After adjustment for individual household income, however, the association with mortality was lost.In this nationally representative American sample, family income, but not community income inequality, independently predicts mortality. Previously reported ecological associations between income inequality and mortality may reflect confounding between individual family income and mortality.
HEAT AND GROWTH-INHIBITING ACTION OF SERUM
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The inhibiting action of homologous serum on the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro was increased after the serum had been heated at 56° and 70°C. This action decreased after the serum had been heated at 100°C.
1013-108 Is Persantine Thallium Scintigraphy Cost Effective and Reliable in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients Referred for Peripheral Vascular Surgery?
Authors: Prakash C. Deedwania, Christopher Engelman, Enrique V. Carbajal, Vishnu Bobba, Gregory Wille
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
COCATS 4 Task Force 15: Training in Cardiovascular Research and Scholarly Activity
Authors: Robert A. Harrington, Ana Barac, John E. Brush, Joseph A. Hill, Harlan M. Krumholz, Michael S. Lauer, Chittur A. Sivaram, Mark B. Taubman, Jeffrey L. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
O153 THE FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AGONIST, OBETICHOLIC ACID, IMPROVES INTESTINAL ANTIBACTERIAL DEFENSE AND REDUCES GUT BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND HEPATIC FIBROGENESIS IN CCl4-CIRRHOTIC RATS WITH ASCITES
Authors: M. Ubeda, M.J. Borrero, M. Lario, L. Muñoz, E. Conde, M. Rodríguez, L. LLedó, L. García-Bermejo, M. Álvarez-Mon, A. Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
South Africa takes steps to stave off real World Cup fever
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The host nation of the 2010 World Cup, South Africa, has pumped millions of Rand into its health system in a bid to overcome concerns about the potential health threats posed by the first international sporting event of this scale being held in Africa.

A South African High Commission spokesman told th e BMJ that his government had had to guarantee to the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) that it would “take all necessary measures to ensure the health and safety of spectators as a condition for staging the tournament.”

With up to 400 000 people estimated to be visiting the country for the tournament, health minister Aaron Motsoaledi promised that “the infrastructure of the South African National Health System, specifically a comprehensive medical service (including 24 hour emergency medical treatment) and disaster management would be put at the disposal of FIFA in the cities where the games will be played.”

He said the existing health infrastructure …
Toxicity Associated With Long-term Intravenous Heroin and Cocaine Self-administration in the Rat
Authors: Michael A. Bozarth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Laboratory rats were given unlimited access to intravenous cocaine hydrochloride or heroin hydrochloride. Animals self-administering cocaine quickly developed a pattern of episodic drug intake, with periods of excessive cocaine self-administration alternating with brief periods of abstinence. Subjects allowed continuous access to intravenous heroin showed stable drug self-administration, with a gradual increase in daily heroin intake over the first two weeks of testing. The general health of the animals became markedly different: those self-administering heroin maintained grooming behavior, pretesting body weight, and a good state of general health; rats self-administering cocaine tended to cease grooming behavior, to lose up to 47% of their pretesting body weight, and to show a pronounced deterioration in general health. The mortality rate for 30 days of continuous testing was 36% for animals self-administering heroin and 90% for those self-administering cocaine. These results suggest that cocaine is a much more toxic compound than heroin when animals are given unlimited access to intravenous drug.
Chondrocyte Transplantation -- One Answer to an Old Question
Authors: Henry J. Mankin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Hyaline articular cartilage constitutes the principal working component of the synovial joints, and in adults it contains neither blood vessels nor nerves1. Cartilage provides diarthrodial joints with a remarkably resilient and long-lasting gliding surface, with a coefficient of friction approximately one fifth that of ice on ice. It is capable of self-renewal and self-lubrication and works well under a load. In short, it is an almost perfect machine, with mechanical properties that are far better than those of the polished metal on high-density polyethylene that is used in total joint-replacement systems.The cells of cartilage, chondrocytes, are active biochemically, . . .
SPINAL FLUID CHANGES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH ATARACTIC DRUGS
Authors: H. A. DENZEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In a series of 25 patients on ataractic therapy and 25 other mental patients as controls, there was no essential difference in the incidence of increased protein or abnormal gold curves. The high incidence of abnormal findings in both of these groups, however, points to the possibility that these abnormal findings are unspecific and may also be found to a certain extent within the general healthy population. This study does not support the assumption that increased spinal fluid protein and abnormal gold curves are the result of ataractic therapy.