tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the permeability response of the isolated collecting tubule to vasopressin, adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, and theophylline
Authors: Jared J. Grantham, Jack Orloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The effect of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) on the water permeability response to vasopressin, theophylline, and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (C-AMP) of isolated, perfused collecting tubules of the rabbit was investigated in vitro. Prostaglandin is a naturally occurring substance present in a number of tissues, including kidney. It has been implicated in the action of a variety of hormones, many of which are known to exert their physiological effects through the intermediacy of the C-AMP system. In the collecting tubule, PGE(1) (10(-7) M) elicited a minimal increase in net water absorption along an osmotic gradient. However, when administered in association with a concentration of vasopressin (2.5 muU ml(-1)) selected to induce a submaximal increment in water absorption, the effect of the latter was reduced by approximately 50%. Theophylline (5 x 10(-3) M) also increased net water absorption, an effect not previously demonstrated in renal tissue. This effect was potentiated by the simulataneous addition of PGE(1). In contrast, PGE(1) did not influence the increase in net water absorption induced by C-AMP (10(-2) M). Since C-AMP is responsible for the permeability effects of vasopressin in renal tissue, the present results are consistent with the view that PGE(1) interferes with the action of the octapeptide by competing with it at a site which influences the generation of C-AMP. In addition it is proposed that prostaglandin may be an important modulator of the action of vasopressin. The tubule is exquisitely sensitive to the hormone, responding to as little as 0.25 muU ml(-1). It is conceivable that in the intact animal prostaglandin may serve to dampen the effects of small amounts of residual hormone and thereby prevent overshoots in permeability which might otherwise occur.
A disgruntled carer
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Literary fame—like every kind I suppose—is not necessarily proportional to the worth of the work, and therefore the name of Elizabeth Berridge (1919-2009) is not as widely known as it might be. Observing the small change of life with minute attention, and extracting from it all its significance in prose of exemplary precision, she combined dispassion with compassion, while avoiding cynicism and sentimentality.

Most writers’ first efforts are autobiographical, or at least partly so, and this was true of Berridge’s first short story, The Hard and the Human , published in 1947 as part of a collection of short stories. …
Jogging. Thou shall not kill (thyself)
Authors: H. D. McIntosh
Journal: JAMA (1979)

CORONARY artery disease has reached epidemic proportions in this country and other affluent industrialized societies because of the prevalence of three definite and two strongly suspected risk factors. The three definite risk factors are cigarette smoking, consumption of a rich, fat-burdened, cholesterol-containing diet, and hypertension. Low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes do not greatly reduce the risk of coronary artery disease, although they may reduce the risk of lung cancer. Coronary atherosclerosis is thought to be accelerated by the carbon monoxide in cigarettes, and this is not reduced in the filtered and low-tar, low-nicotine products. The two strongly suspected risk factors are obesity and sedentary living. Many cardiologists believe that the uncertainties as to the importance of exercise, or lack thereof, and obesity are due to the difficulty of measuring, in a scientifically acceptable study, the importance of these factors' contributing to coronary artery disease without including concomitant changes in the blood pressure
Cognitive universals, hierarchy, and the history and practice of biological systematics
Authors: P. F. Stevens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The hierarchical reach of Atran's cognitive universals is unclear, and some of the key concepts used to discuss them are notorious for their imprecision. Although ideas of class hierarchy pervade Atran's discussion, other ways of thinking are also allowed. The history and practice of systematic biology suggests that a nonclass hierarchical and continuity-based way of thinking has been common there until recently.
Antiproliferative effect of plant cytokinin analogues with an inhibitory activity on cyclin-dependent kinases
Authors: K Vermeulen, M Strnad, V Kryštof, L Havlícěk, A Van der Aa, M Lenjou, G Nijs, I Rodrigus, B Stockman, H van Onckelen, DR Van Bockstaele, ZN Berneman
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Sensitization To Occupational Allergens and Allergic Diseases In Workers Of 5 Havana Bakeries
Authors: Mirta Alvarez, Alexis Labrada, Raul Lazaro Castro Almarales, Yaquelín Leyva, Victor R. Meli, Humberto Barata, Miguel Hinojosa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Detection of Osteomyelitis Associated With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Hadyn T. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The excellent prospective study of Newman et al<sup>1</sup>provides dramatic support for aggressive evaluation of diabetic foot ulcers, as most of these have underlying unsuspected osteomyelitis. However, their conclusions regarding indium leukocyte scanning and three-phase bone scanning merit further scrutiny. Abnormal tracer uptake in an infected soft-tissue ulcer is often difficult to distinguish from uptake in immediately adjacent underlying bone. Without orthogonal views, this becomes impossible. This study apparently analyzed indium leukocyte images acquired in the "dorsal and plantar positions" only, with no medial or lateral views. Their criteria for a "positive" indium leukocyte scan must be questioned in that they apparently did not discriminate focal soft tissue uptake from bone uptake. Their images shown in Fig 5 (p 1249, showing a round, black dot said to represent a metatarsal) are difficult to evaluate and one would wonder whether the decreasing activity on subsequent scans actually
Law to resolve small negligence claims gets royal assent
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Legislation paving the way for a fast track, low cost scheme to resolve clinical negligence claims up to £20 000 (€30 000; $38 000) in England without litigation received royal assent last week. 

Under the new scheme, when something goes wrong with a patient's care, the hospital trust where it happened will do a fact finding exercise. Then the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA), which will run the scheme, will determine fault and decide what redress to offer. Compensation will be in line with awards made by the courts. Patients accepting an offer, which could include an apology, will waive their right to take court proceedings, but patients dissatisfied with the offer will still have a right to take civil action. 

The NHS Redress Act passed into law after unsuccessful last minute attempts by Conservative and Liberal Democrat peers to push …
Pharmacists rather than GPs should be first contact for minor ailments, report says
Authors: S. Yadav
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Pharmacists should be recognised as the first port of call for all minor ailments, says a report from the All Party Parliamentary Group on Primary Care and Public Health. This would save an hour of a GPs time each day.

Minor ailments constitute 18% of the total work load of GPs and are “not the best use …
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING EXERCISE SPECT MPI
Authors: Seth Uretsky, Azhar Supariwala, Franz Messerli, Sumit Som, madhusudhan ponnala, Sonal Kamalia, Sirisha Kanneganti, Narasimhanaidu Guriginjakunta, Lakshmi Prasad Ravipati, Alan Rozanski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TCT-208 Incidence, Treatment And In-Hospital Clinical Outcome Of Bifurcation Lesions In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Coronary Interventions
Authors: Francesco Marzà, Salvatore Azzarelli, Marouane Boukhris, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Simona Giubilato, Alfredo R. Galassi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
p27–p16 Chimera: A Superior Antiproliferative for the Prevention of Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: James G. McArthur, Husheng Qian, Dianne Citron, Gautam G. Banik, Lou Lamphere, Jeno Gyuris, Lisa Tsui, Samuel E. George
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi's) may be useful to treat hyperproliferative vascular disorders, such as restenosis induced following angioplasty or vein engraftment. We have shown that a novel fusion protein of the CDKi's p27 and p16, named W9, significantly reduces proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells in vitro, by blocking cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. We have now evaluated the efficacy of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of W9 (AV-W9) in a balloon-injury model, in the carotid arteries of cholesterol-fed rabbits. We observed that intravascular delivery of 2 x 10(11) viral particles of AV-W9 3 days following balloon injury inhibited intimal hyperplasia by 60% compared to a control virus (P > 0.001). PCNA expression in the AV-W9-treated vessels, a marker of injury-induced cell proliferation, was also reduced compared to the control virus-treated vessels. Direct comparison of the efficacy of AV-W9 and AV-p16 and AV-p27 in this model indicated that delivery of either of the parental genes was significantly less effective in inhibiting intimal thickening compared to the AV-W9 treatment. We conclude that combining the activities of multiple cell cycle regulatory proteins greatly increases the potency of cytostatic gene therapy in the treatment of balloon injury-induced intimal hyperplasia and represents a promising potential approach to preventing postangioplasty restenosis.
Strategies for Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation — Time for a Change?
Authors: David I. Silverman, Warren J. Manning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Dating back to the 17th-century observation that cinchona bark could correct an irregular heartbeat in patients with malaria,1 cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is one of the oldest therapies in cardiovascular medicine. In 1962, Lown et al. reported the efficacy of direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm,2 thereby profoundly changing the treatment of this most common sustained arrhythmia. Restoration of sinus rhythm provided numerous physiological benefits,3 but as with most new therapies, direct-current cardioversion also had adverse outcomes, including catastrophic thromboembolism in up to 6.3 percent of patients who were not receiving anticoagulant therapy.4,5 Nonrandomized studies suggested that . . .
Evaluation of single-dose inhaled corticosteroid activity with an allergen challenge model☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Joseph C. Kidney, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Frederick E. Hargreave, Francine Deschesnes, Veronica A. Swystun, Paul M. O'Byrne, Nozhat Choudry, Marilyn M. Morris, Barbara Jennings, Norma Andersson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Incremental value of combined perfusion and function over perfusion alone by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Ronaldo S.L Lima, Denny D Watson, Allen R Goode, Mir S Siadaty, Michael Ragosta, George A Beller, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Skin Necrosis of Genitalia And Warfarin Therapy
Authors: E. Darracott Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The entity of necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue has been reported as a rare and enigmatic complication of coumarin therapy. A recent review<sup>1</sup>describes the lesion as characteristically appearing between the third and tenth day of anticoagulation therapy in obese, middle-aged women with thrombophlebitis. Of the rare cases reported in males, only two have had documented involvement of the external genitalia,<sup>2,3</sup>although additional cases have been alluded to by Jordal.<sup>3</sup>Both of these patients were being treated with bishydroxycoumarin for thrombophlebitis. One patient died of the primary disease after amputation of the penis, while the second had minimal involvement of the glans penis. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 36-year-old white man had been in excellent health until six weeks previously when he had pain in the left calf not associated with trauma, followed by slight pain in the chest. The patient was
Type 2 Bias of T Cells Expanded from the Blood of Melanoma Patients Switched to Type 1 by<i>IL-12p70</i>mRNA–Transfected Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kira Minkis, Daniel G. Kavanagh, Galit Alter, Dusan Bogunovic, David O'Neill, Sylvia Adams, Anna Pavlick, Bruce D. Walker, Mark A. Brockman, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Melanoma patients may exhibit a TH2-skewed cytokine profile within blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Therapies that induce beneficial TH1-type tumor-specific immune responses, therefore, are highly desirable. Dendritic cells (DC) are widely used as immune adjuvants for cancer. Before their administration, DC are generally induced to mature with a cocktail of recombinant cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-6] and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is added to preserve the ability of DC to migrate to draining lymph nodes. However, PGE2 suppresses the production of IL-12p70, a cytokine essential for differentiation of TH1 responses. In this study, human DC were transfected with IL-12p70 mRNA and tested for their ability to alter the TH2 type bias manifested by blood T cells of patients with melanoma. Transfected DC secreted high levels of bioactive IL-12p70, as indicated by their capacity to enhance natural killer cell activity, skew TH1 responses in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions through reduction of IL-4 and IL-5, and prime CD8+ T cells to the melanoma-associated antigen Melan A/MART-1. Furthermore, T-cell lines primed in vitro from the blood of melanoma patients showed strong type 2 skewing that was dramatically reversed by IL-12p70 transfection of autologous DC. Thus, IL-12p70 transfection of clinical DC preparations may enhance type 1 antitumor responses and may thereby contribute to effective immune-based therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9441–50]
Pharmacogenomics — Teaching Old Drugs New Tricks
Authors: John N. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Traditionally, cancer treatments have been selected on the basis of tumor type, pathological features, clinical stage, the patient's age and performance status, and other nonmolecular considerations. We have generally accepted with a certain fatalism that some patients pigeonholed into a given category will have a response to a particular therapy, whereas others will not. The difference is often viewed as a matter of luck, like the result of a coin toss, but in fact, treatment response can be predicted in some cases, whereas it is close to impossible to predict the results of a coin toss. The field of pharmacogenomics, . . .
INFLUENCE OF HOST FACTORS ON NEUROINVASIVENESS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, Peter K. Olitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Peripheral inoculation of vesicular stomatitis virus is constantly followed by myelitis or encephalitis in young mice, but not in young (or old) guinea pigs. The cause of this variation was elucidated by investigating the fate of the virus after inoculation by a number of different routes. Direct intracerebral injection of minimally infective amounts of virus was found to be equally fatal for young mice and young guinea pigs, indicating that the central nervous system as a whole was as easily injured by the virus in one species as in the other. The events following nasal instillation of the virus varied in young and old guinea pigs. While there appeared to be a transitory multiplication of virus in the nasal mucosa of both young and old, the central nervous system was regularly invaded only in the young. In these, virus was first found only in the anterior rhinencephalon; later it spread to the piriform and hippocampal (olfactory regions) but not to the neopallial portions of the cortex, and the only other area to exhibit virus was the diencephalon (including the pars optica hypothalami), where its further progression was apparently arrested. Absence of central nervous system disease following inoculation into sites supplied by spinal nerves (e.g. sciatic) was found to be due to inability of the virus to invade the nerves. Since direct intrasciatic inoculation frequently led to a fatal ascending myelitis, it was evident that the central nervous system could be invaded along the spinal nerves, and that they did not constitute the main barrier. Furthermore, since multiplication of virus was demonstrated in tissues supplied by the spinal nerves, a process of elimination made it seem possible that the specialized, terminal nerve endings might be the structures which prevent the progression of the virus from the infected tissues to the axons and hence also to the central nervous system. 7 day old guinea pigs (or guinea pigs as a species) were thus found to possess much the same type of barriers to the progression of peripherally inoculated vesicular stomatitis virus as are acquired by mice at a considerably later age. In a discussion of the present data, they have been correlated with known variations in neuroinvasiveness of other viruses and their bearing on the nature of inapparent or subclinical infections of the central nervous system has been considered.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Absence of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Ammar Sarwar, Leslee J. Shaw, Michael D. Shapiro, Ron Blankstein, Udo Hoffman, Ricardo C. Cury, Suhny Abbara, Thomas J. Brady, Matthew J. Budoff, Roger S. Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
IgG anti-laminin-332 autoantibodies are present in a subset of patients with mucous membrane, but not bullous, pemphigoid
Authors: Zelmira Lazarova, Valerie K. Salato, Christoph M. Lanschuetzer, Marleen Janson, Janet A. Fairley, Kim B. Yancey
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
The relationship of afterload to ejection performance in chronic mitral regurgitation.
Authors: W J Corin, E S Monrad, T Murakami, H Nonogi, O M Hess, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Simultaneous left ventricular micromanometry and biplane cineangiography were performed in nine control subjects (group 1), 14 patients with chronic mitral regurgitation and an ejection fraction of 57% or greater (group 2), and 13 patients with mitral regurgitation and an ejection fraction of less than 57% (group 3). End-diastolic volume index was increased in both groups with mitral regurgitation (p less than .001) compared with the control group. Left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness did not differ among the three groups, but the left ventricular muscle mass index was greater in both groups with mitral regurgitation than in controls (p less than .001). End-diastolic pressure was elevated in both groups 2 and 3 compared with group 1 (p less than .05), but peak systolic, mean systolic, and incisural pressure were not different among the three groups. End-diastolic stress was larger in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 (p less than .05). Muscle fiber stretch was greater in group 2 than in the control group (p less than .05) but was not different between the controls and group 3. End-systolic stress, determined as the circumferential stress at aortic valve closure, at the maximal pressure/volume ratio, or using a nonsimultaneous method, was larger in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Mean systolic stress was evaluated from aortic valve opening to aortic valve closure in all patients; mean stress from end-diastole to aortic valve closure and from end-diastole to minimum volume was assessed in mitral regurgitation alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treadmill Exercise Produces Larger Perfusion Defects Than Dipyridamole Stress N-13 Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Benjamin J.W. Chow, Rob S. Beanlands, Andrea Lee, Jean N. DaSilva, Robert A. deKemp, Abdulkareem Alkahtani, Terrence D. Ruddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring During Labor
Authors: Barry S. Schifrin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Recent advances in genetics, immunology, hormonal chemistry, and bioelectronic technology, along with information obtained directly from the fetal environment, have improved our understanding of maternal-fetal relationships. As a result, timing of preterm induction of labor or cesarean section in high-risk pregnancies has become more critical. Despite these and concurrent advances in antibiotic therapy, acid-base balance, and respiratory care, the perinatal mortality has remained high and there has been little substantive improvement over the past decade in the incidence of neurologic deficiency in children.<sup>1,2</sup>Appreciable evidence suggests that these disturbing statistics are related in part to unrecognized asphyxial and traumatic insults to the fetus during pregnancy, labor, and the neonatal period.<sup>3-6</sup>It is generally agreed that improving these results will require even better definition of the condition of the individual fetus under consideration. Deficiency of definition is nowhere more apparent than in the evaluation of the fetus during labor.
Blowing hot and cold: "near miss" sudden infant death and episodic hypothermia.
Authors: K P Dunne, M McKay, T G Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Une observation rare: un nourrisson presente, entre 9 semaines et 17 semaines, des episodes d'apnee pendant le sommeil; il est inanime et hypothermique, il faut le secouer energiquement pour le ranimer ou meme la respiration en bouche a bouche est necessaire. Les explorations ne montrent rien d'anormal en dehors de l'hypothermie. Ces episodes ne se produisent plus apres 17 semaines
(45) Persistent erythema multiforme
Authors: S.B. Bittiner, R.E. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Case reports 89 currently haemodialysed three times a week.He has not taken any drugs known to cause bullous eruptions.Examination.He has small intact blisters and erosions on the dorsal aspect of both hands (Fig. i), the forehead and scalp.Investigations.Urine and faecal porphyrins are not elevated.Total plasma porphyrin is 24 ^g/1 (normal 3-12 /ig/1), but levels up to 48 ^g/1 are usual in chronic renal failure.Histology.Skin biopsy from the right hand shows a sub-epidermal blister with a little chronic inflammation.There is also ulceration with associated acute inflammation and sclerosis of the upper dermis.Comment.The slightly elevated concentration of plasma porphyrin is not regarded as high enough to produce bullous lesions due to photosensitization by porphyrins (G.Elder, personal communication).The cause of this bullous eruption of haemodialysis is therefore uncertain.It is interesting that the lesions cleared after his renal transplant in March 1985, but recurred a few weeks after rejection and recommencement of haemodialysis.He gains some benefit from avoidance of trauma and sunlight and reduction of his alcohol consumption but changes in the permeability of his dialysis membrane do not influence his lesions.