tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Tomoxetine in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Thomas Spencer, Joseph Biederman, Timothy Wilens, Jeffry Prince, Mary Hatch, Janice Jones, Margaret Harding, Stephen V. Faraone, Larry Seidman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the experimental noradrenergic compound tomoxetine as an alternative treatment for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: They conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of tomoxetine in 22 adults with well-characterized ADHD. RESULTS: Treatment with tomoxetine at an average oral dose of 76 mg/day was well tolerated. Drug-specific improvement in ADHD symptoms was highly significant overall and sufficiently robust to be detectable in a parallel-groups comparison restricted to the first 3 weeks of the protocol. Eleven of 21 patients showed improvement after receiving tomoxetine, compared with only two of 21 patients who improved after receiving placebo. Significant tomoxetine-associated improvement was noted on neuropsychological measures of inhibitory capacity from Stroop tests. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study showed that tomoxetine was effective in treating adult ADHD and was well tolerated. These promising results provide support for further studies of tomoxetine over an extended period of treatment.
Living with uncertainty
Authors: T. Brewin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A group of attractive young adults is meeting for the first time. They are told to shake hands—twice—with the person standing next to them and to introduce themselves. So they do this. They all look very fit. They have to be, for they are starting a week's adventure course. Then suddenly—wait for it—a soft dramatic voice tells us, “These people have only one thing in common—cancer.”

Before the programme is over, we are going to see them facing the challenge of various tasks, many with a spice of danger—balancing precariously high up in trees, albeit wearing a safety harness; tackling what looks like an assault course for commandos; going up in gliders; and sleeping in hammocks on an old sailing barge. They …
Cardioprotective Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Cultured Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Satoaki Matoba, Tetsuya Tatsumi, Natsuya Keira, Akira Kawahara, Kazuko Akashi, Miyuki Kobara, Jun Asayama, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Although ACE inhibitors can protect myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanisms of this effect have not yet been characterized at the cellular level. The present study was designed to examine whether an ACE inhibitor, cilazaprilat, directly protects cardiac myocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury.Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in primary culture were exposed to hypoxia for 5.5 hours and subsequently reoxygenated for 1 hour. Myocyte injury was determined by the release of creatine kinase (CK). Both cilazaprilat and bradykinin significantly inhibited CK release after H/R in a dose-dependent fashion and preserved myocyte ATP content during H/R, whereas CV-11974, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and angiotensin II did not. The protective effect of cilazaprilat was significantly inhibited by Hoe 140 (a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (L-NMMA) (an NO synthase inhibitor), and methylene blue (a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor) but not by staurosporine (a protein kinase C inhibitor), aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase), or indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Cilazaprilat significantly enhanced bradykinin production in the culture media of myocytes after 5.5 hours of hypoxia but not in that of nonmyocytes. In addition, cilazaprilat markedly enhanced the cGMP content in myocytes during hypoxia, and this augmentation in cGMP could be blunted by L-NMMA and methylene blue but not by aminoguanidine.The present study demonstrates that cilazaprilat can directly protect myocytes against H/R injury, primarily as a result of an accumulation of bradykinin and the attendant production of NO induced by constitutive NO synthase in hypoxic myocytes in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. NO modulates guanylate cyclase and cGMP synthesis in myocytes, which may contribute to the preservation of energy metabolism and cardioprotection against H/R injury.
351 Reversibility of cirrhosis is associated with decrease of liver related complications
Authors: S JEANNE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Snail transcription factor has been implicated as an important regulator in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumourigenesis and fibrogenesis. Our previous work showed that Snail transcription factor was activated in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induced EMT in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and may contribute to the development of retinal fibrotic disease such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, whether Snail alone has a direct role on retinal pigment epithelial–mesenchymal transition has not been investigated. Here, we analyzed the capacity of Snail to drive EMT in human RPE cells. A vector encoding Snail gene or an empty vector were transfected into human RPE cell lines ARPE-19 respectively. Snail overexpression in ARPE-19 cells resulted in EMT, which was characterized by the expected phenotypic transition from a typical epithelial morphology to mesenchymal spindle-shaped. The expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and Zona occludin-1 (ZO-1) were down-regulated, whereas mesenchymal markers a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and fibronectin were up-regulated in Snail expression vector transfected cells. In addition, ectopic expression of Snail significantly enhanced ARPE-19 cell motility and migration. The present data suggest that overexpression of Snail in ARPE-19 cells could directly trigger EMT. These results may provide novel insight into understanding the regulator role of Snail in the development of retinal pigment epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
Hybrid BaYbF<sub>5</sub> Nanoparticles: Novel Binary Contrast Agent for High‐Resolution in Vivo X‐ray Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Yanlan Liu, Kelong Ai, Jianhua Liu, Qinghai Yuan, Yangyang He, Lehui Lu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A novel CT contrast agent denoted as BaYbF5@SiO2@PEG is presented. The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced contrast efficacy relative to clinical iodinated agents and maintain higher X-ray attenuation at different voltages, suitable for diagnostic imaging of various patients. Prolonged circulation time in vivo and low toxicity mean the nanoparticles perform excellently in in-vivo X-ray CT angiography. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation: where are the missing mutations?
Authors: Hans-Hilger Ropers, Maria Hoeltzenbein, Vera Kalscheuer, Helger Yntema, Ben Hamel, Jean-Pierre Fryns, Jamel Chelly, Michael Partington, Jozef Gecz, Claude Moraine
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2003)
Susceptibility to aspirin bleeding.
Authors: G Blane, G R Fryers
Journal: BMJ (1970)

expected in patients who are conscious after overdosage of nitrazepam.I find this quite confusing, and as a clini- cian who prescribes both nitrazepam and methaqualone I cannot see how judgements as to "safety" in overdosage can be equated with "preference," presumably as such preference must take into account the effectiveness of a drug in normal dosage for a specific purpose-in this case induction of sleep.-Iam, etc.
Application of Business Model Innovation to Enhance Value in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Evan Fieldston, Christian Terwiesch, Steven Altschuler
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
906-62 Improved Quantitation of Left Ventricular Area and Fractional Area Change by Automatic Contour Chase: A New Method for Automated Border Detection without Tracing a Region of Interest
Authors: Kiyoshi Yoshida, Junichi Yoshikawa, Takeshi Hozumi, Takashi Akasaka, Tsutomu Takagi, Hideki Yoshioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Quantitative analysis of CD4+ T cell function in the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Gradual decline of both naive and memory alloreactive T cells.
Authors: L Meyaard, S A Otto, B Hooibrink, F Miedema
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Early in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are qualitatively affected. Loss of responses to recall antigen precedes impaired responses to allogeneic MHC and mitogens. The selective quantitative loss of memory T cells in early infection, only partially explains the observed defects. We investigated whether functional loss of T cells is preferentially observed for memory T cells or whether both naive and memory T cell subsets are affected in the course of HIV infection. We studied the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals to alloantigens, to which normally both naive and memory T cells respond, by limiting dilution analysis. The decreased proliferative response to alloantigens in HIV-infected individuals was associated with a decreased precursor frequency of alloreactive cells. The frequency was decreased in both the CD45RA+ (naive) and the CD45RO+ (memory) subset of CD4+ T cells. Analysis of four individuals in the course of HIV infection revealed similar kinetics of the decline in function in both subsets. Although initially T cell defects may be accounted for by the selective quantitative loss of memory cells, in later stages of HIV infection the function of both CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells is affected.
Hepatic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron overload
Authors: Bruce R. Bacon, Chanho H. Park, Gary M. Brittenham, Rosemary O-Neill, Anthony S. Tavill
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We examined the effects of chronic dietary iron overload on hepatic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Experimental iron overload was produced by feeding rats a chow diet supplemented with carbonyl iron over a 7-week period. Biochemical and histologic evaluations of liver tissue confirmed moderate degrees of hepatic parenchymal iron overload. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities in hepatic mitochondrial ultrastructure in blocks of tissue or in mitochondrial fractions from iron-loaded liver. Studies of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism revealed a consistent and progressive decrease in state 3 (ADP-stimulated) respiration and in respiratory control ratios at hepatic iron concentrations above 1,000 micrograms per gm for all three substrates studied, glutamate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and succinate. Changes in state 4 (ADP-limited) respiration and ADP/O ratios were not progressive with increasing hepatic iron concentrations. At hepatic iron concentrations at which there were decreases in state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratios, there was also evidence of lipid-conjugated diene formation, indicative of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. There were no changes in mitochondrial function when iron as either ferritin or hemosiderin or as a combination of ferritin, hemosiderin and ferric nitrilotriacetate was added in vitro to normal liver homogenates. Use of density gradient centrifugation to reduce iron and lysosomal contamination of mitochondrial fractions failed to prevent the reduction in mitochondrial function. We conclude that moderate degrees of chronic hepatic iron overload in vivo result in an inhibitory defect in the mitochondrial electron transport chain as evidenced by a decrease in state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratios.
Hospitals in Trouble
Authors: Sheila M. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

J. P. Martin's study of British responses to a series of exposes on substandard care and incidents of staff brutality in 15 of their long-term—care hospitals for the mentally ill and mentally disabled contains important information for American mental health administrators and advocates for the mentally disabled. Professor Martin's detailed and perceptive accounts of staff-initiated abuse, lengthy and expensive governmental investigations, and consistent blue-ribbon—committee recommendations for administrative changes all indicate that the British mental health system has experienced as much turmoil as our own.  In fact, until the 1970s, Great Britain and the United States faced similar predicaments. With the advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s and a growing body of social science research that questioned the rehabilitative functions of large custodial institutions, both countries began to reduce their hospital populations. They placed, or often dumped, many former patients into the community, but a reduction in institutional numbers did
Contractile arrest increases sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake and SERCA2 gene expression in cultured neonatal rat heart cells.
Authors: J W Bassani, M Qi, A M Samarel, D M Bers
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We developed protocols with intact cultured neonatal rat myocytes to directly evaluate the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase (or SERCA2), Na-Ca exchange (Na-CaX), and slow Ca transport systems (mitochondria and sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase). Spontaneously beating control cells were compared with cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of verapamil (verapamil-arrested cells, VA). Intracellular calcium (Cai) transients were measured by use of indo-1 during (1) spontaneous twitches, (2) contractures induced by rapid application of caffeine (CafC, with and without Nao), and (3) twitches induced by brief depolarizations with high [K]o solution (K-twitches). We also measured mRNA levels for the SR Ca-ATPase and Na-CaX in the same experimental preparations. The t1/2 for [Ca]i decline when both the SR Ca uptake and Na-CaX were prevented was the same for control and VA cells (approximately 20 seconds), indicating unaltered slow Ca transport systems. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the t1/2 of CafC when Na-CaX was the main mechanism responsible for [Ca]i decline (t1/2 approximately 1.5 seconds), indicating unaltered Na-CaX. Conversely, we found nearly a twofold increase in the rate of [Ca]i decline during K-twitches (control t1/2, 0.84 +/- 0.05 seconds; VA t1/2, 0.48 +/- 0.06 second; P < .001), indicating an increase in SR Ca-pumping activity in VA cells. This was also reflected by a 56% increase in the peak [Ca]i reached during CafC used to assess maximal SR Ca content (427 +/- 49 nmol/L in control versus 665 +/- 75 nmol/L in VA cells).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A PLEA FOR UNIFORMITY IN THE BIOLOGIC STANDARDIZATION OF COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF DIGITALIS
Authors: Ernst P. Boas
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The chemistry of the digitalis glucosides is as yet but imperfectly understood. Chemical assay is therefore not feasible and it is necessary to resort to the technic of biologic standardization. Most of the digitalis products now marketed in America are so standardized. The present situation with respect to the biologic assay of digitalis is unsatisfactory both to practitioners of medicine and to the manufacturing drug firms. The various factors that lead to confusion are as follows: The one-hour frog method is official in the Pharmacopeia of the United States. Other methods of assay have been devised, and one or another of these is employed for the standardization of commercial products; e. g., the cat method of Hatcher and Brody, the guinea-pig method of Vanderkleed and the Magnus modification of the Hatcher-Brody technic. The establishment of an international unit has also been attempted, and at least
Emergency Postcoital Contraception
Authors: Anna Glasier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Emergency postcoital contraception may be defined as the use of a drug or device to prevent pregnancy after intercourse. Unwanted pregnancy is common; worldwide, about 50 million pregnancies are terminated each year.1 It has been calculated that each year the widespread use of emergency contraception in the United States could prevent over 1 million abortions and 2 million unintended pregnancies that end in childbirth.2 A variety of different methods of emergency contraception are available (Table 1). The first to be described was high-dose estrogen, although currently the most widely used is a combination of estrogen and progestin. Recent interest in . . .
Self-expandable metallic stents vs. plastic stents for endoscopic biliary drainage in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kwang Chung, Sang Lee, Jin Park, Jae Lee, Dong-Won Ahn, Ji Ryu, Yong-Tae Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The patency of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) is known to be better than plastic stents in the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. However, data are scarce for obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to compare SEMSs and plastic stents for the palliation of obstructive jaundice in unresectable HCC. <b>Patients and methods: </b>A total of 96 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage with SEMSs or plastic stents were included in this retrospective analysis. The rate of successful biliary drainage, adverse events, stent patency duration, and patient survival were compared between the SEMS (n = 36) and plastic stent (n = 60) groups. <b>Results: </b>The rate of successful biliary drainage was similar between the SEMS and plastic stent groups (25/36 [69.4 %] vs. 39/60 [65.0 %]; <i>P</i> = 0.655). Adverse events occurred in 6 patients (16.7 %) in the SEMS group and 13 patients (21.7 %) in the plastic stent group (<i>P</i> = 0.552). The median patency duration was also similar between the two groups (60 vs. 68 days; <i>P = </i>0.396). The median patient survival was longer in the plastic stent group than in the SEMS group (123 vs. 48 days; <i>P</i> = 0.005). <b>Conclusions:</b> SEMSs were not superior to plastic stents for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction in HCC with regard to successful drainage, stent patency, and adverse events. Patient survival was better in the plastic stent group. Given the lower cost, plastic stents could be a favorable option for malignant biliary obstruction caused by HCC.
Researchers, like politicians, use "spin" in presenting their results, conference hears
Authors: M. Chew
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Politicians are not alone in using “spin” to sway their constituents. Researchers do too, according to two presentations at the International Congress of Peer Review and Biomedical Publication in Vancouver, Canada. Two preliminary explorations of this phenomenon were presented, one on studies with non-significant results, the other on studies claiming positive results.

Isabelle Boutron, of the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, and University Paris Descartes, and colleagues said …
Implementation of the working time directive has had an adverse impact on training in the UK, taskforce says
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The implementation of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) in the NHS has had an adverse impact on training in certain medical specialties, including surgery and acute medicine, an independent taskforce has reported.1

Last October the government commissioned an independent taskforce to review concerns about the impact the directive was having on doctors’ learning and patient care in the UK.

The directive was fully incorporated into the NHS in 2009 and means that trainee doctors can work for a maximum of 48 hours a week across a six month period.

The taskforce found that although doctors in some specialties were able to receive …
Imaging of hydroperoxides in a rat glomerulus stimulated by puromycin aminonucleoside
Authors: Kazumasa Aoyagi, Kayo Akiyama, Chie Tomida, Mitihiro Gotoh, Aki Hirayama, Katsumi Takemura, Atsushi Ueda, Sohji Nagase, Akio Koyama, Mitsuharu Narita
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Pharmacologic Therapy for Primary Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Timothy J. Wilt, Roderick MacDonald, Jeannine Ouellette, Imran S. Khawaja, Indulis Rutks, Mary Butler, Howard A. Fink
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and a distressing, irresistible urge to move them. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate efficacy, safety, and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for primary RLS.We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in English, reporting efficacy outcomes and harms of pharmacologic treatments for primary RLS of at least 4 weeks' duration. MEDLINE and other databases were searched through June 2012. Reviewers extracted outcomes and adverse events and rated the strength of evidence.We identified 29 eligible RCTs. We found high-strength evidence that the proportion of patients who had a clinically important response (International Restless Legs Syndrome [IRLS] responders), defined as a 50% or greater reduction from baseline in mean IRLS symptom scale scores, was greater with dopamine agonist therapy compared with placebo (61% vs 41%) (risk ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.38-1.86]; 7 trials). Dopamine agonists also improved patient-reported sleep scale scores and quality-of-life measures. High-strength evidence demonstrated that calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands increased the proportion of IRLS responders compared with placebo (61% vs 37%) (risk ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.33-2.09]; 3 trials). Adverse events associated with dopamine agonists included nausea, vomiting, and somnolence. Alpha-2-delta ligands adverse events included somnolence and unsteadiness or dizziness.On the basis of short-term RCTs that enrolled highly selected populations with long-term high-moderate to very severe symptoms, dopamine agonists and calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands reduced RLS symptoms and improved sleep outcomes and disease-specific quality of life. Adverse effects and treatment withdrawals due to adverse effects were common.