tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haloperidol for the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Edward W. Bixby
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the LETTERS column (<b>210:</b>134, 1969), Elizabeth Craven, MD, reports the effectiveness of haloperidol (Haldol) in the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. May I confirm this observation and mention that I have treated two frank cases at Haverford State Hospital in the past two years with similar success? These were older patients in their 60's rather than of pediatric age. Both patients served as their own control and neither could function or be controlled on a regimen of thioridazine (Mellaril), trifluoperazine (Stelazine) hydrochloride, chlorprothixene (Taractan), chlorpromazine (Thorazine), meprobamate (Equanil), benztropine (Cogentin) mesylate, trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (Artane), or barbiturates. I have tried haloperidol in other apparent compulsive behavior problems without frank "tics," but with only indifferent results.
Families in high-arise flats.
Authors: N C Moore
Journal: BMJ (1982)

reports four deaths in 30 years attributed to milk-related infection as against a yearly toll of 150 000 deaths from coronary disease in England and Wales.The evidence which began to accumulate in the last 15 or so years about the possible connection between coronary disease and milk consumption comes from several independent studies: epidemiological, immunological, experimental, and clinical.Virtually every plant we eat-cereals, potatoes, carrots, onions, pulses, tomatoes- contains substances toxic to the human con- sumer-lectins, saponins, cyanogens, glucosinolates, lathyrogens, gossypol, oestrogen mimics,antivitamins, enzymeinhibitorsl-most of which are probably their defensive weapons against their innumerable enemies-viruses, fungi, phytophagous insects, and large herbi- vores.The fact that we can eat them with impunity is largely because we cook them.Cows' milk is the back door through which many of these substances-originating in grasses, clover, lucerne, soya beans, cottonseed meal, etc-can reach us in an uncooked form.As there is no blood-milk barrier, many of these substances are likely to pass unchanged into milk and the pasteurisation of the milk is not nearly sufficient to destroy them.
Activation of the epithelial Na+ channel triggers prostaglandin E2 release and production required for embryo implantation
Authors: Ye Chun Ruan, Jing Hui Guo, Xinmei Liu, Runju Zhang, Lai Ling Tsang, Jian Da Dong, Hui Chen, Mei Kuen Yu, Xiaohua Jiang, Xiao Hu Zhang, Kin Lam Fok, Yiu Wa Chung, Hefeng Huang, Wen Liang Zhou, Hsiao Chang Chan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Heart failure in severe aortic valve stenosis: prognostic impact of left ventricular ejection fraction and mean gradient on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Michael Gotzmann, Pia Rahlmann, Tobias Hehnen, Patrick Müller, Michael Lindstaedt, Andreas Mügge, Aydan Ewers
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Endocrine Profiling and Prioritization of Environmental Chemicals Using ToxCast Data
Authors: David M. Reif, Matthew T. Martin, Shirlee W. Tan, Keith A. Houck, Richard S. Judson, Ann M. Richard, Thomas B. Knudsen, David J. Dix, Robert J. Kavlock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The prioritization of chemicals for toxicity testing is a primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast™ program. Phase I of ToxCast used a battery of 467 in vitro, high-throughput screening assays to assess 309 environmental chemicals. One important mode of action leading to toxicity is endocrine disruption, and the U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) has been charged with screening pesticide chemicals and environmental contaminants for their potential to affect the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife.The goal of this study was to develop a flexible method to facilitate the rational prioritization of chemicals for further evaluation and demonstrate its application as a candidate decision-support tool for EDSP.Focusing on estrogen, androgen, and thyroid pathways, we defined putative endocrine profiles and derived a relative rank or score for the entire ToxCast library of 309 unique chemicals. Effects on other nuclear receptors and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were also considered, as were pertinent chemical descriptors and pathways relevant to endocrine-mediated signaling.Combining multiple data sources into an overall, weight-of-evidence Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) score for prioritizing further chemical testing resulted in more robust conclusions than any single data source taken alone.Incorporating data from in vitro assays, chemical descriptors, and biological pathways in this prioritization schema provided a flexible, comprehensive visualization and ranking of each chemical's potential endocrine activity. Importantly, ToxPi profiles provide a transparent visualization of the relative contribution of all information sources to an overall priority ranking. The method developed here is readily adaptable to diverse chemical prioritization tasks.
Psychoanalytic Thought on Phobia: Its Evolution and Its Relevance for Therapy
Authors: MARTIN WANGH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The development of psychoanalytic thought on phobia is traced from Freud's demonstration of the unconscious pathways that select the phobic topos, through the distinctions of the various phase-conditioned sources of anxiety, to the present conception of a structural intraphychic disequilibrium which the phobic symptom seeks to balance. Analytic treatment uncovers the genetic sources of the imbalance and, by fostering a new equilibrium, increases the ego's capacity to cope with conflict.
Plasma and Serum Proteins in Chronic Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: H. B. Salt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

From a study of the abnormal serum protein patterns which are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, Wallis (1950) has concluded that the hyperglobulinaemia is the result of the combined effects of inflammation, tissue destruction, and immunization, the last being the principal contributor in all but the early stages of the disease.His technique for protein investigations included a preliminary determination of serum albumin/globulin ratios by sodium sulphate fractionation, followed by electrophoretic and immunological studies of the sera from selected patients in whom the A/G ratios had been found to be low.This work, with previous studies of a similar nature by many other investigators (reviewed by Gutman, 1948), has shown that changes in the serum proteins in rheumatoid arthritis characteristically lead to a decrease in albumin and an increase in globulin.There is also an increase in plasma fibrinogen.The increase in globulin is due chiefly to increments in the alpha-and gamma-fractions, of an extent and proportion referable to the stage of the disease, although the bulk of the ii crease cannot be accounted for by the development of specific antibodies.The complex techniques used in these researches are too elaborate for routine use in the clinical laboratory.For simplicity, many workers have adopted indirect methods for assessing protein changes in the plasma or serum of rheumatic patients.The plasma viscosity test (surveyed by Houston and others, 1949) yields infor- mation concerning the plasma proteins by providing an integral measure of their molecular asymmetry.In this respect, the large prolate spheroid molecules of fibrinogen contribute principally, while other asymmetric molecules exert an addi- tional, though smaller, effect.The measurement of serum viscosity does not appear to have been adopted as a clinical test method, except for its use by Lawrence (1949) as part of his elaborate differential plasma viscosity test.The erythrocyte sedimentation test has been interpreted in terms of plasma proteins through electrophoretic and other investigations.These have been sum- marized by Gutman (1948) and by Marrack and Hoch (1949) with the conclusion that, in chronic diseases, rapid sedimentation results chiefly from an increase in plasma fibrinogen and a decrease in albumin.The serum thymol turbidity test, shown by Carter and Maclagan (1946) to be useful in studying rheumatoid arthritis, yields results in this type of disease 46 copyright.
Effects of recombinant GM-CSF and IgA opsonisation on neutrophil phagocytosis of latex beads coated with P6 outer membrane protein from Haemophilus influenzae.
Authors: D Burnett, A Chamba, R A Stockley, T F Murphy, S L Hill
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--IgA is the major antibody class in mucosal secretions, yet its biological functions remain poorly understood and its role as an opsonin for neutrophils has been the subject of controversy. It has been reported that treatment of neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces the cells to phagocytose particles opsonised with IgA. A study was performed to investigate the effects of GM-CSF and IgA opsonisation on the ability of human neutrophils to recognise and phagocytose latex beads coated with the P6 outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae. METHODS--Human neutrophils with and without preincubation with 100 pmol/l GM-CSF, were incubated with non-opsonised P6-coated latex beads or beads opsonised with IgA purified from the blood of a bronchiectatic patient with high titres of IgA anti-P6. Phagocytosis was measured by counting internalised beads during microscopic examination. RESULTS--The phagocytosis of IgA opsonised beads by untreated neutrophils (mean (SE) 2.1 (0.43) beads/cell) was significantly greater than that of non-opsonised beads (mean (SE) 1.3 (0.30) beads/cell). Treatment of neutrophils with GM-CSF resulted in increased phagocytosis of non-opsonised beads (mean (SE) 2.1 (0.39) beads/cell) but opsonisation with IgA increased this further (mean (SE) 3.4 (0.53) beads/cell). CONCLUSIONS--Human neutrophils recognise and phagocytose non-opsonised particles coated with bacterial antigen. Antibodies of the IgA isotype opsonise for neutrophil phagocytosis of particles coated with bacterial antigen but this behaviour is enhanced, in an additive fashion, by treatment of the cells with GM-CSF. The results suggest that IgA and GM-CSF are important cofactors for neutrophil recognition and elimination of bacterial pathogens.
129 The five year follow-up of a randomized study comparing lamivudine with lamivudine+HBIG investigating the prevention of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: M. Buti, A. Mas, M. Prieto, F. Casafont, A. Gonzalez, M. Miras, J.I. Herreo, R. Jardi, A. Valdes, R. Esteban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Role of the D1A dopamine receptor in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension.
Authors: F E Albrecht, J Drago, R A Felder, M P Printz, G M Eisner, J E Robillard, D R Sibley, H J Westphal, P A Jose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Since dopamine produced by the kidney is an intrarenal regulator of sodium transport, an abnormality of the dopaminergic system may be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), in spite of normal renal production of dopamine and receptor density, there is defective transduction of the D1 receptor signal in renal proximal tubules, resulting in decreased inhibition of sodium transport (Na+/H+ exchanger [NHE] and Na+/K+ATPase activity) by dopamine. To determine if impaired D1 receptor regulation of NHE in proximal tubules is related to hypertension, studies were performed in a F2 generation from female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and male SHR crosses. A D1 agonist, SKF 81297, inhibited (37.6 +/- 4.7%) NHE activity in brush border membranes of normotensive F2s (systolic blood pressure < 140 mm Hg, n = 7) but not in hypertensive F2s (n = 21). Furthermore, a D1 agonist, SKF 38393, when infused into the renal artery, dose dependently increased sodium excretion in normotensive F2s (n = 3) without altering renal blood flow but was inactive in hypertensive F2s (n = 21). Since the major D1 receptor gene expressed in renal proximal tubules is the D1A subtype, we determined the importance of this gene in the control of blood pressure in mice lacking functional D1A receptors. Systolic blood pressure was greater in homozygous (n = 6) and heterozygous (n = 5) mice compared to normal sex matched litter mate controls (n = 12); moreover, the mice lacking one or both D1A alleles developed diastolic hypertension. The cosegregation with hypertension of an impaired D1 receptor regulation of renal sodium transport and the development of elevated systolic and diastolic pressure in mice lacking one or both D1A alleles suggest a causal relationship of the D1A receptor gene with hypertension.
Sulphydryl reactivity of the HLA-B27 epitope: accessibility of the free cysteine studied by flow cytometry.
Authors: L MacLean, M Macey, M Lowdell, S Badakere, M Whelan, D Perrett, J Archer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

HLA-B27 has an unpaired cysteine on or near its serologically defined spondylitis associated epitope, and it has been argued that its sulphydryl side chain may be chemically reactive. In a previous study it was shown that chemical treatment of HLA-B27 cells with the sulphydryl binding agent p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonic acid (pCMPSA) specifically reduced binding of antibodies to HLA-B27 by up to 80%, as measured in a cellular enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). The effect of sulphydryl blockade on intact B27 cells was investigated using flow cytometry. Compared with the CELISA, inhibition required higher concentrations of pCMPSA, and the degree of inhibition produced by a greater than or equal to 30 microM solution of pCMPSA as measured by flow cytometry (median 28.9%) was significantly lower than that measured by CELISA (median 73.6%; p = 1.6 x 10(-6)). Analysis of unfixed, cell surface HLA-B27 by flow cytometry suggests that on most B27 molecules the unpaired sulphydryl site is not available. On the basis of this evidence for modification after translation, a new 'altered self' hypothesis is proposed for the part which HLA-B27 plays in inflammatory disease.
Inhibition of normal and psoriatic epidermal phospholipase A2 by picomolar concentrations of recombinant human lipocortin I
Authors: P.H. CARTWRIGHT, E. ILDERTON, J.M. SOWDEN, H.J. YARDLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Normal human and psoriatic epidermal phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was inhibited by human recombinant lipocortin I when the substrate was present in a several million-fold molar excess. Inhibition was not total, even at relatively high concentrations of lipocortin I. It is therefore suggested that human epidermis contains two species of PLA2: one that is controlled by lipocortin I and one that is not.
Prostaglandins in Severe Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Victor J. Dzau, Milton Packer, Leonard S. Lilly, Stephen L. Swartz, Norman K. Hollenberg, Gordon H. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To determine whether prostaglandins are involved in circulatory homeostasis in congestive heart failure, we measured plasma levels of the metabolites of vasodilator prostaglandins I2 and E2 in 15 patients with severe chronic heart failure. Mean circulating levels of both metabolites were 3 to 10 times higher than those in normal subjects. Plasma levels of both metabolites correlated directly with plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II concentrations (r = 0.64 and 0.84, respectively). Individual serum sodium concentrations were inversely correlated with levels of prostaglandin E2 metabolites (r = -0.92, P less than 0.001) and plasma renin activity (r = -0.69, P less than 0.02). Of 23 patients with severe heart failure challenged with indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis), the 9 with hyponatremia had significant decreases in the cardiac index (1.99 +/- 0.12 to 1.72 +/- 0.13 liters per minute per square meter of body-surface area, P less than 0.001) and significant increases in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (17.4 +/- 2.0 to 24.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.001) and systemic vascular resistance (1882 +/- 239 to 2488 +/- 315 dyn x sec x cm-5, P less than 0.001), whereas the 14 patients with a normal serum sodium concentration had no significant hemodynamic changes. We conclude that both vasoconstrictor (renin-angiotensin) and vasodilator (prostaglandin) mechanisms are operative in patients with heart failure complicated by hyponatremia and that these mechanisms interact to modulate circulatory homeostasis.
Leveraging Biospecimen Resources for Discovery or Validation of Markers for Early Cancer Detection
Authors: Sheri D. Schully, Danielle M. Carrick, Leah E. Mechanic, Sudhir Srivastava, Garnet L. Anderson, John A. Baron, Christine D. Berg, Jennifer Cullen, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Katrina A. B. Goddard, Susan E. Hankinson, Lawrence H. Kushi, Eric B. Larson, Lisa M. McShane, Richard L. Schilsky, Steven Shak, Steven J. Skates, Nicole Urban, Barnett S. Kramer, Muin J. Khoury, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Validation of early detection cancer biomarkers has proven to be disappointing when initial promising claims have often not been reproducible in diagnostic samples or did not extend to prediagnostic samples. The previously reported lack of rigorous internal validity (systematic differences between compared groups) and external validity (lack of generalizability beyond compared groups) may be effectively addressed by utilizing blood specimens and data collected within well-conducted cohort studies. Cohort studies with prediagnostic specimens (eg, blood specimens collected prior to development of clinical symptoms) and clinical data have recently been used to assess the validity of some early detection biomarkers. With this background, the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) and the Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) held a joint workshop in August 2013. The goal was to advance early detection cancer research by considering how the infrastructure of cohort studies that already exist or are being developed might be leveraged to include appropriate blood specimens, including prediagnostic specimens, ideally collected at periodic intervals, along with clinical data about symptom status and cancer diagnosis. Three overarching recommendations emerged from the discussions: 1) facilitate sharing of existing specimens and data, 2) encourage collaboration among scientists developing biomarkers and those conducting observational cohort studies or managing healthcare systems with cohorts followed over time, and 3) conduct pilot projects that identify and address key logistic and feasibility issues regarding how appropriate specimens and clinical data might be collected at reasonable effort and cost within existing or future cohorts.
Surgery: Essentials of Clinical Practice
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Writing a surgical textbook used to be easy. Surgical encyclopedias could be all things to all readers. But the explosive growth of knowledge concerning diseases best treated by operative means has made this impossible, and each text, if it is to be of any value, must take aim at a specific target readership. Nardi and Zuidema, in this, their fourth edition, once again take straight aim at medical students. As experienced, authoritative editors using sophisticated contributors, they stick to their guns and are not distracted by material that would be interesting to specialists but trivial to junior and senior medical students. One can almost anticipate on every page the colored-pencil underlining by students of facts they consider important for their own knowledge. With such a specific objective, this book will be valuable to the student, but of limited interest to residents or practicing surgeons. Harvard has characteristically written its own
Meningococcal meningitis with ‘normal’ cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Maria-Teresa Coll, María-Socorro Uriz, Valentí Pineda, Dionisia Fontanals, Feliu Bella, Juan M. Nava, Francesc Deulofeu, Maria-Antònia Morera, Carme Martí, Josep Lite, Javier Garau, Bernat Font
Journal: Journal of Infection (1994)
Quantification of arrhythmias using scoring systems: an examination of seven scores in an in vivo model of regional myocardial ischaemia
Authors: M. J CURTIS, M. J A WALKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Arrhythmia scores have been used in recent years to facilitate the analysis of arrhythmias, particularly in relation to regional myocardial ischaemia. The recent Lambeth Conventions recommended caution in the use of arrhythmia scores since their use may be misleading. In the present study seven scoring systems were examined in an attempt to validate the use of arrhythmia scores. A strong positive correlation was present between all seven scores. Furthermore, the scores all correlated with the incidences of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats in early myocardial ischaemia. All seven scores successfully detected statistically significant reductions in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation resulting from the administration of two drugs. Some of the scores occasionally showed statistically significant reductions when effects on the raw arrhythmia data were not statistically significant. In this respect, parametric statistical analysis of arrhythmia scores may be a more sensitive method of quantifying arrhythmias than non-parametric analysis of binomially distributed raw data such as the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (in accordance with the power of such tests) indicating that the scores have precision. However, none of the scores incorrectly showed a statistically significant reduction when the raw data expressed a statistically significant or non-significant increase, indicating that the scores have accuracy. In conclusion, it is possible to design many arrhythmia scores that show changes in arrhythmia severity when more conventional analyses show only non-statistically significant trends. When used in conjunction with raw arrhythmia data, comprehensive drug dose ranges, and appropriate parametric statistical tests, arrhythmia scores facilitate the quantification of arrhythmias. It is recommended that arrhythmia scores should be used only for quantifying group data and model building and not for prognostic purposes in individuals.
The Youngest Parents: Teenage Pregnancy as It Shapes Lives
Authors: Elizabeth M. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

More adolescents in the United States opt to become parents than to terminate their pregnancies. Why adolescent girls get pregnant and why they and their partners choose to become parents has been addressed by researchers. Robert Coles, however, decided to ask the adolescents themselves and, in a style he's used for so many of his interesting studies, created The Youngest Parents .  The book is based on conversations with pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents by Coles and his sons with the purpose of learning about their lives, their hopes and worries. These were not structured interviews but occurred as individual meetings or in group settings, formal and informal, mainly in Boston, Mass, but also in cities like Washington, DC, New York, NY, Baltimore, Md, and rural centers and small towns of North Carolina and West Virginia. The young people represent all ethnic groups and a wide range of socioeconomic situations.  The