tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The biologically active leukotrienes. Biosynthesis, metabolism, receptors, functions, and pharmacology.
Authors: R A Lewis, K F Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Tbiological activity of one major class of leukotrienes, originally described as slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)' (1, 2) and now known to be composed of the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-glutathionyl-7,9-trans-I 1, 14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene C4, LTC4), 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-cysteinylglycyl-7,9-trans-11, 14-cis-eicosa- tetraenoic acid (leukotriene D4, LTD4), and 5S-hydroxy-6R-Scysteinyl-7,9-trans-1 1, 14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene E4, LTE4) (3-7), has been known for over 40 years.The biological activity and structure of the second major class of leukotrienes, represented solely by 5S-12R-dihydroxy-6,14-cis-8, I0-trans- eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene B4, LTB4), was recognized only 5 years ago (8)(9)(10)(11).On the basis of the earlier definition of SRS-A in terms ofchromatographic, functional, and chemical characteristics (12-15), it was possible to generate a similar material with radiolabeled constituents by ionophore activation of mouse mastocytoma cells and to achieve a chemical characterization of LTC4 (3).The stereospecific synthesis of both LTC4 (16) and LTB4 ( 17) has now permitted the delineation of the common and separate enzymes in the pathways for biosynthesis of LTC4 and LTB4 from arachidonic acid (reviewed Receivedfor publication I December 1983. 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: 5-HPETE, 5S-hydroperoxy-6-trans-8,1 1,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; LTA4, 5,6-trans-oxido-7,9-trans-1 1,14cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; LTB4, 5S-12R-dihydroxy-6,14-cis-8, 10-transeicosatetraenoic acid; LTC4, 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-glutathionyl-7,9-trans-1 1,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; LTD4, 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-cysteinylglycyl- 7,9-trans-I 1,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; LTE4, 5S
Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase mRNA Expression Assessed by Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Predicts Chemosensitivity in Patients With Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Fiamma Buttitta, Caterina Pellegrini, Antonio Marchetti, Angiolo Gadducci, Stefania Cosio, Lara Felicioni, Fabio Barassi, Simona Salvatore, Carla Martella, Guido Coggi, Silvano Bosari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To evaluate in vivo whether the expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, the catalytic subunit of the telomerase complex, is predictive of response to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.Fifty-nine advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were studied. hTERT levels were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on tumor specimens obtained before the treatment. Variables were analyzed by the chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to account for the effects of all the covariates investigated (residual disease, stage, histotype, and grade).Twenty-eight (47%) of the 59 tumors showed low hTERT levels, whereas 31 (53%) tumors displayed high hTERT levels. Seventy-five percent of complete responders showed high levels of hTERT expression, whereas 66% of partial responders or nonresponders exhibited low hTERT levels (P =.002). Only residual disease and hTERT expression were independent predictors of response (odds ratios, 13.455 and 7.586, respectively). The combination of these two parameters provides powerful predictive information: 18 of the 20 patients with residual disease more than 2 cm and low hTERT levels were partial responders or nonresponders, whereas 11 of the 12 patients with residual disease less than 2 cm and high hTERT levels showed a complete response (chi(2) = 21,416; P <.00001).Our data indicate that hTERT expression, measured by real-time RT-PCR, is a possible independent marker of response to platinum-based therapy in advanced stage ovarian cancer patients. Prospective validation of this marker will be required to further define its predictive value.
Italy's gynaecologists demand government action to protect women's abortion rights
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Italian gynaecologists who support a woman’s right to abortion have warned that the procedure may become all but impossible within the next five to 10 years, as the current generation of pro-choice practitioners heads for retirement and the proportion of objectors rises.

In some regions of Italy the proportion of doctors who refuse to perform terminations in the first 90 days of a pregnancy has reached “shocking levels,” said the campaign group, Laiga (www.laiga.it)—the Free Association of Italian Gynaecologists for the Application of Law 194.

The group’s president, Silvana Agatone, a gynaecologist at Rome’s Sandro Pertini Hospital, said that the eponymous law, which was introduced in 1978 …
Association between prostaglandin E receptor 3 polymorphisms and Stevens-Johnson syndrome identified by means of a genome-wide association study
Authors: Mayumi Ueta, Chie Sotozono, Masakazu Nakano, Takazumi Taniguchi, Tomohito Yagi, Yuichi Tokuda, Masahiro Fuwa, Tsutomu Inatomi, Norihiko Yokoi, Kei Tashiro, Shigeru Kinoshita
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Chronic Berylliosis Demonstration by Gallium-67 Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: MARK W. DESERAN, PATRICK M. COLLETTI, DAVID RATTO, AZIZ N. ANSARI, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Ga-67 is known to localize in the lungs in a wide spectrum of pulmonary pathology. The nonspecific affinity of Ga-67 uptake in both inflammatory and neoplastic entities limits its utility in terms of pulmonary disease differential diagnosis. However, Ga-67 lung imaging has proven to be helpful in evaluating the extent of inflammatory activity, as well as in assessing responses to therapy. A case of active chronic berylliosis, a disorder in which Ga-67 uptake has not been previously reported is presented. There is diffuse bilateral Ga-67 pulmonary activity before therapy. Subsequent to steroid therapy, a marked decrease in pulmonary gallium uptake activity was noted with only residual hilar and mediastinal adenopathy noted.
Psychogenic vomiting: the relation between patterns of vomiting and psychiatric diagnoses.
Authors: M Muraoka, K Mine, K Matsumoto, Y Nakai, T Nakagawa
Journal: Gut (1990)

Fifty nine patients admitted with a diagnosis of psychogenic vomiting were classified into five patterns of vomiting: continuous, habitual postprandial, irregular vomiting, nausea, and self induced. The psychiatric disorders related to the onset of vomiting were either a major depression or a conversion disorder. Continuous vomiting was usually due to a conversion disorder, while in many cases of habitual postprandial and irregular vomiting, major depression was observed. The patients9 psychiatric disorders and vomiting patterns often changed during the clinical course. Assessing the psychiatric problems and vomiting patterns is important in the diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic vomiting.
Embolism as a Causative Factor in Death
Authors: MYRTELLE M. CANAVAN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1929)

Abstract Emboli may be composed of tumor fragments penetrating veins or lymphatics,bacterial clumps circulating from foci of infection,Vegetations circulating from endocarditis,thrombi fragments from venous thromboses, such as occur in varicose veins, phlebitis from parturient women, operations on the prostate gland, the appendix and in sinuses in the dura mater after middle ear infections,worms, filaria, larval forms of tape worm, round worms, lung worms.air from instrumentation — abortion, manipulation of urethra, artificial pneumothorax.fat from marrow of bones, liver, body fat, liberated by trauma or operation — particularly dangerous after arthritis, infantile paralysis, osteomyelitis, or in operations on fat persons or in fat locations (breast).
High expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (UPA-R) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with worse prognosis
Authors: Michaela Graf, Susanne Reif, Karin Hecht, Renate Pelka-Fleischer, Karin Pfister, Helga Schmetzer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (UPA-R; CD87) is a membrane protein responsible for plasmin expression on cells facilitating cellular extravasations and tissue invasions. We studied the expression of the UPA-R on bone marrow (BM) cells of 93 patients with acute myeloid leukemia at first diagnosis and 8 healthy probands as controls by FACS analysis using phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies. A case was defined as UPA-R-positive (UPA-R+) if >20% of the gated cells expressed UPA-R. Whereas none of the 8 healthy BM samples was positive for the UPA-R, 32 (34%) of the 93 AML samples were UPA-R+. Expression of UPA-R was heterogeneous in different FAB types, however, with the highest expression rates in monocytic subtypes (FAB M4/M5): 18%/19%/30% of UPA-R+ cases were found in M1/M2 or M3, and 58%/80% of cases with M4 or M5 were UPA-R+. Proportions of UPA-R+ cells varied between 1% and 98% of the mononuclear cell fractions, with the highest proportions in M4/M5 subtypes (on average 27%/40% UPA-R+ cells) and the lowest expression in AML M2 (11% UPA-R+ cells). The density of expressed UPA-R, estimated as mean channel fluorescence activity, was highest in cases with AML M1 (mFI: 124) followed by M4 and M5 (mFI: 78/77) and lowest in AML M2 (mFI: 43). In sAML, higher proportions of UPA-R+ cases (8 of 18; 44%) compared to pAML (24 of 75; 32%) were found as well as higher proportions of UPA-R+ cells (27% vs. 19%). Separating our patients' cohort in cytogenetic risk groups, we could not detect significant differences in the UPA-R expression profiles. For evaluations of the clinical course of AML, only patients treated by the AML-CG protocol (n = 65) were included. In the group of patients who did not respond to AML-CG therapy, significantly higher proportions of UPA-R+ cells (31% vs. 14%, P = 0.0015, t-test) were found. By evaluating a cut-off value for the percentage of positive cells that allows the most significant separation and differentiation between cases with shorter or longer relapse-free survival times, we could show that patients with >26.5% UPA-R-positive cells were characterized by a significantly higher risk for relapse compared to cases with <26.5% positive cells (P = 0.05). In summary, our data show a high expression of the UPA-R in AML, especially in (myelo)monocytoid subtypes. Cases with higher proportions of UPA-R+ cells were characterized by a significant lower remission rate after AML-CG therapy and a higher risk for relapse. Although prospective trials are still lacking, UPA-R is a prognostically relevant factor independent from the karyotype. UPA-R positivity may identify subtypes of AML associated with a more aggressive clinical course. Thus due to lower remission probabilities in UPA-R+ cases, a more intensive induction therapy regimen could be considered.
Is there really no clear association between low serum ferritin and chronic diffuse telogen hair loss?
Authors: D.H. Rushton, R. Dover, M.J. Norris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, It was no surprise that Dr Sinclair's study, based on a modest increase (personal communication) in serum ferritin, found no reduction of hair shedding.1 His conclusion that there is no clear association between low serum ferritin and chronic diffuse telogen hair loss is based on the assumption that a serum ferritin of > 20 µg L−1 provides an estimate of adequate iron stores. However, we have challenged this position and the derivation of the so‐called 'normal' female range for serum ferritin and haemoglobin.2 Our hypothesis is that these ranges have been derived from populations containing a high proportion of iron‐deficient women. This idea received support from a large‐scale (n = 12 828) study undertaken by Waalen et al.,3 who demonstrated iron deficiency in 38% of San Diego women on re‐analysis by Rushton et al.4 Thus populations used to provide female reference ranges were assumed, incorrectly, to be normal, leading to the normalization of abnormality and aberrant reference ranges.
TCT-41 One-year Results From the MASTER Trial, a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Evaluation of an Embolic Protection Stent (MGuard) in Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI
Authors: Dariusz Dudek, Alexandre Abizaid, Sigmund Silber, Joe Dizon, Ricardo A. Costa, Béla Merkely, Ran Kornowski, Andrea Abizaid, Roman Wojdyla, Ovidiu Dressler, Sorin Brener, Elad Yaacoby, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
In vivo handling of soluble complement fixing Ab/dsDNA immune complexes in chimpanzees.
Authors: R P Kimberly, J C Edberg, L T Merriam, S B Clarkson, J C Unkeless, R P Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We used soluble, C-fixing antibody/dsDNA IC to investigate immune complex (IC) handling and erythrocyte (E)-to-phagocyte transfer in chimpanzees. IC bound efficiently to chimpanzee E in vitro and showed minimal release with further in vitro incubation in the presence of serum in EDTA (less than or equal to 15% within 1 h). These IC also bound rapidly to E in vivo (70-80% binding within 1 min) and did not show detectable release from E in the peripheral circulation after infusion in vivo (less than or equal to 2% within 1 h). Despite such slow C-mediated release of IC from E, IC were rapidly stripped from E by the mononuclear phagocyte system (T50 for E-IC1500 = 5 min) without sequestration of E. Treatment of the chimpanzees with the anti-Fc gamma RIII MAb 3G8 impaired the clearance of infused IC. This effect was most evident on the fraction of IC500 which did not bind to E and which presumably had captured less C3b (pre-MAb 3G8 T50: 45 min vs. post-MAb 3G8 T50: 180 min). With IC bound in vitro to E before infusion, anti-Fc gamma RIII MAb treatment led to significant amounts of non-E bound IC detectable in the circulation. Thus, the anti-Fc gamma RIII MAb appeared to interfere with the ability of fixed tissue mononuclear phagocytes to take up/or retain IC after their release from E. Both rapid stripping of IC from E, despite slow complement-mediated release of IC from E in the peripheral circulation, and blockade of IC clearance with anti-Fc gamma RIII MAb indicate that the interaction of IC with the fixed tissue phagocyte involves qualitatively different mechanisms than the interaction of IC with E. Fc gamma receptors appear to play an important role in the transfer and retention of IC by the phagocyte.
LATENT TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: PATRICK MOLONEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The editorial inThe Journal, May 19, 1906, on "Latent Tuberculosis in Children" has induced me to submit notes (from memory) of a case of tuberculous meningitis appearing after recovery from measles. <h3>Personal and Family History.</h3> —John T., aged 3, illegitimate. Family history showed one case of phthisis and one of tuberculous meningitis, uncle and aunt respectively. <h3>Clinical History.</h3> —Patient had measles early in January, 1906. After the rash disappeared the temperature did not fall to normal, but varied from 100 to 101. There were no complications that could be discovered to account for this. Eventually the child was taken to the country. On his return he was no better, rather thinner. His father stated that at night the child was very restless and complained of headache, and very great pain and tenderness in the epigastrium. The child was extremely irritable, drowsy, and screamed on being touched, so that examination
Visiting in general practice.
Authors: J. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1968)

SIR,-Among the letters and articles criti- cal of the B.M.A., of which there has been a minor spate lately, several have made refer- ence direct or implied to the Association's "failing membership."The large majority of doctors who make up the Association readily accept fair criti- cism.Indeed, many of us also accept that part of the raison detre of the Association is to act as whipping-boy for the blows of those who seemingly rely .onthis activity to bolster up their own cause.
Protecting Children With Chronic Illness in a Competitive Marketplace
Authors: John M. Neff
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Health care for children with chronic illnesses is significantly more expensive than for the average child. Children with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable in a competitive health care environment because of the higher ongoing cost associated with treating their illnesses and the inherent pressures to reduce services to manage within the capitated rate. To minimize the adverse impact a competitive market could have on these children, a "carve-out" for specific medical conditions is discussed. A capitation pricing system that reflects their higher costs is proposed, as well as a delivery system that is focused on their needs.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP IN MARFAN PATIENTS AFTER SUCCESSFUL SURGERY FOR ACUTE TYPE A AORTIC DISSECTION. THE IRAD EXPERIENCE
Authors: Amit Korach, Marco Di Eusanio, Kevin Greason, Daniel Montgomery, Matthias Voehringer, Kevin Harris, Anthony DiScipio, Mark Fillinger, Rossella Fattori, Santi Trimarchi, Lori D. Conklin, Kim Eagle, Eric Isselbacher, Christoph Nienaber, Dan GILON
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Biographies of Disease: Rabies
Authors: Louis Saravolatz
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Humanized Anti-CD20 Antibody, Veltuzumab, in Refractory/Recurrent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Phase I/II Results
Authors: Franck Morschhauser, John P. Leonard, Luis Fayad, Bertrand Coiffier, Marie-Odile Petillon, Morton Coleman, Stephen J. Schuster, Martin J.S. Dyer, Heather Horne, Nick Teoh, William A. Wegener, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

This is a multicenter phase I/II dose-finding study in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) evaluating veltuzumab, a humanized anti-CD20 antibody with structure-function differences from chimeric rituximab.Eighty-two patients (median age, 64 years; 79% stage III/IV, one to nine prior treatments) received four once-weekly doses of 80 to 750 mg/m(2) of veltuzumab and were assessed for safety, efficacy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.Veltuzumab was well tolerated, with no grade 3 to 4 drug-related adverse events despite short infusion times (typically 2 hours initially, 1 hour subsequently at doses < 375 mg/m(2)). In follicular lymphoma, 24 (44%) of 55 patients had objective responses (OR), with 15 (27%) complete responses (CRs) or CRs unconfirmed (CRus) by International Working Group criteria, and with some responses occurring despite two to five prior rituximab-containing regimens, less favorable prognosis (elevated lactate dehydrogenase, tumors > 5 cm, and Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index > or = 2), and at all dose levels. The CRs/CRus were durable (median duration, 19.7 months), with five patients still ongoing (15.9 to 37.6 months duration). In marginal zone lymphoma, five (83%) of six patients had ORs, with two CRs/CRus (33%), and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, three (43%) of seven patients achieved partial responses. At all dose levels studied, B cells were depleted after the first infusion, veltuzumab serum half-lives were similar after the fourth infusion, and mean antibody serum levels exceeded values considered important for anti-CD20 therapy (ie, 25 microg/mL).Veltuzumab appeared safe and active at all tested doses, encouraging further study, including dose levels less than those typically used with rituximab.
Clinical Care Guidelines: Too Much of a Good Thing?
Authors: Deepa Kirk, John B. Buse
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-threatening inherited disorders in Caucasian populations, affecting ∼30,000 children and adults in the U.S. and 70,000 worldwide. Due to advances in pulmonary care and nutrition, the life expectancy for CF has increased from less than 5 years in the 1950s to greater than 37 years at present, with many patients living into their fifth and sixth decades (1).

Hyperglycemia is an increasingly recognized extra-pulmonary complication of CF. The prevalence of CF–related diabetes (CFRD) increases with age, affecting 20% of adolescents and 50% of adults by 30 years of age (2). Unfortunately, prospective, controlled data regarding CFRD are limited. Therefore, the approach to detection, classification, and management of this important consequence of CF varies widely between centers and individual care providers.

To address this deficiency, and in an attempt to provide more uniform standards of care for patients with CFRD, a committee of CF and diabetes experts met in 2009 to develop clinical care guidelines for CFRD. The results of their collaboration are published in this issue of Diabetes Care , accompanied by a technical review that summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognostic implications of CFRD (3,4).

The updated guidelines are based on an extensive review of the available evidence and are important for a number of reasons. They highlight the spectrum of glucose intolerance in CF patients and the ways in which CFRD is a distinct clinical entity from other types of diabetes. For example, the recommendation against using A1C as a screening tool for CFRD and the recommendation to maintain high caloric intake are critical differences from the care of non-CF diabetic patients. We are reminded that prandial glucose excursions (and thus prandial insulin needs) far outweigh fasting blood glucose elevations until later in the course …