tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF NONUNION OF FRACTURES OF MANDIBLE BY FREE AUTOGENOUS BONE-GRAFTS
Authors: FULTON RISDON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The indications for bone-grafting of the mandible are: nonunion of fragments of long standing; to replace lost bone due to gunshot wounds; carcinoma; infection, cysts, etc., provided enough of the ascending ramus is in situ or to protrude the mandible when the mental process is deficient. The preliminary steps may be thus summarized: The patient is examined to ascertain that all infection has been cleared up for at least five months, and that there are no teeth adjacent to the ends of the fragments. The roots of the teeth are always a menace to the graft, and, unless they are removed, sufficient bulk of the graft cannot be inserted. If it is found necessary to remove any teeth in this area, the operation should be deferred for two months. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule, one being when only one tooth remains in the posterior fragment; but in
Tumor‐associated macrophages infiltrate plasmacytomas and can serve as cell carriers for oncolytic measles virotherapy of disseminated myeloma
Authors: Kah‐Whye Peng, Ahmet Dogan, Julie Vrana, Chunsheng Liu, Hooi T. Ong, Shaji Kumar, Angela Dispenzieri, Allan B. Dietz, Stephen J. Russell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

In multiple myeloma, some of the neoplastic plasma cells are diffusely dispersed among the normal bone marrow cells (bone marrow resident), whereas others are located in discrete, well-vascularized solid tumors (plasmacytomas) that may originate in bone or soft tissue. Interactions between bone marrow-resident myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are important determinants of myeloma pathogenesis. However, little is known of the factors sustaining myeloma growth and cell viability at the centers of expanding plasmacytomas, where there are no BMSCs. Histologic sections of 22 plasmacytomas from myeloma patients were examined after immunostaining. Abundant CD68+, CD163+, S100-negative macrophage infiltrates were identified in all tumors, accompanied by scattered collections of CD3+ T lymphocytes. The CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) accounted for 2-12% of nucleated cells and were evenly distributed through the parenchyma. The TAM generally had dendritic morphology, and each dendrite was in close contact with multiple plasma cells. In some cases, the TAM were strikingly clustered around CD34+ blood vessels. To determine whether cells of the monocytic lineage might be exploitable as carriers for delivery of therapeutic agents to plasmacytomas, primary human CD14+ cells were infected with oncolytic measles virus and administered intravenously to mice bearing KAS6/1 human myeloma xenografts. The cell carriers localized to KAS6/1 tumors, where they transferred MV infection to myeloma cells and prolonged the survival of mice bearing disseminated human myeloma disease. Thus, TAM are a universal stromal component of the plasmacytomas of myeloma patients and may offer a promising new target for therapeutic exploitation. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pachydermoperiostosis: study of epidermal growth factor and steroid receptors
Authors: L. BIANCHI, C. LUBRANO, A. M. CARROZZO, S. IRACI, M. TOMASSOLI, G. SPERA, G. NINI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare osteo‐cutaneous disease characterized by hypertrophy of bones and surrounding soft tissues. The cutaneous manifestations include coarsening of facial features, cutisverticis gyrata, digital clubbing, hyperhidrosis and scborrhoea. The pathogenetic mechanism of the disease is still debated, and proposed aetiological factors include genetic influences, anomalies in fibroblast activity, or alteration in peripheral blood flow. We studied a patient with the incomplete form of Pachydermoperiostosis. assessing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) and sex hormone steroid receptors (SR) in the affected skin, and also evaluating the urinary excretion of EGF. The results showed high levels of nuclear steroid receptors, increased cytosolic oestrogen receptors, and no detectable progesterone and androgen cytosolic receptors. EGF‐R was also undetectable, and the urinary excretion of EGF was elevated. These findings suggest that the increased tissue sensitivity to circulating sex‐steroids could induce enhanced tissue EGF/transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α) production and utilization. The SR‐EGF‐R system could therefore be involved in determining hypertrophy of the affected tissues.
1178 Effect of the precore mutations on the HBEAG loss and viral breakthrough during lamivudine therapy in HBEAG-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: S KIM, Y HWANG, K KWON, M JUNG, D PARK, O KWON, S KWON, Y KIM, Y KOO, Y KIM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Background/Aims: To study the outcome and the virologic profiles of severe hepatitis exacerbations due to YMDD mutants in lamivudine-treated patients.Methods: Eighteen lamivudine-treated patients with severe hepatitis exacerbations due to YMDD mutants were recruited. Laboratory and clinical parameters were monitored. Viral genotypes and YMDD mutations were determined.Results: None of the 18 patients had YMDD wild-type during exacerbations. Three (17%) and 15 (83%) patients had genotypes B and C, respectively. Elevated bilirubin levels and prolonged prothrombin time were found in 11 (61%) and six patients (33%) respectively. Three patients (17%) had adverse outcome with the development of ascites and/or encephalopathy. One of these patients required liver transplantation and one died. Both patients had evidence of cirrhosis before treatment and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroreversion from anti-HBe positivity. The remaining 16 patients (89%) have no evidence of pre-existing cirrhosis. Thirty seven percent of patients had normal alanine aminotransferase levels at the last follow-up. The median HBV DNA level at the last follow-up was significantly lower than the pre-treatment level (P=0.009).Conclusions: Though the majority of patients with severe hepatitis exacerbations due to YMDD mutants had uneventful course, early liver transplantation should be considered in patients with pre-existing cirrhosis and HBeAg seroreversion.
239 SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE PREVENTS DEVELOPMENT AND DELAYS PROGRESSION OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN HCV-RELATED LIVER CIRROSIS
Authors: B.E. Annicchiarico, M. Siciliano, A. Iacobellis, A.W. Avolio, G. Caracciolo, A. Andriulli, G. Bombardieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
TCT-262 Effect of statin pretreatment on the morphology of coronary culprit plaques in patients with stable angina pectoris –An intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography study–
Authors: Kenichiro Saka, Kiyoshi Hibi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kozo Okada, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Masaaki Konishi, Noriaki Iwahashi, Mitsuaki Endo, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Fat1 cadherin is overexpressed and an independent prognostic factor for survival in paired diagnosis–relapse samples of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: C E de Bock, A Ardjmand, T J Molloy, S M Bone, D Johnstone, D M Campbell, K L Shipman, T M Yeadon, J Holst, M D Spanevello, G Nelmes, D R Catchpoole, L F Lincz, A W Boyd, G F Burns, R F Thorne
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Mongolism in a Twin
Authors: L. L. Mistlin
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Introduction</h3> As all published measures of dependence for users of smokeless tobacco (dippers) have poor reliability, in the present work the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) and the Autonomy Over Smoking Scale (AUTOS) were evaluated for use with this population. Dippers and smokers were also compared in relation to dependence, the pleasure derived from using tobacco and the latency to the onset of withdrawal. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2010, an anonymous self-completed paper survey was administered to 1541 students of mixed race and ethnicity in grades 9–12 (mean age 15.9 years) in a Florida high school where students used cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. <h3>Results</h3> The reliability (Cronbach9s α) for the HONC was 0.90 for smokers (n=139) and 0.91 for dippers (n=85), and for the AUTOS was 0.94 for smokers and dippers. Dippers and smokers did not differ significantly in relation to scores on the HONC, AUTOS, latency to withdrawal onset or pleasure derived from smoking. One or more symptoms on the HONC were reported by 56% of dippers and 57% of smokers with &lt;100 lifetime uses of their favoured tobacco product, and by 91% of dippers and 91% of smokers with ≥100 lifetime uses (not significant). Greater lifetime use was associated with a significantly shorter latency to withdrawal for smokers and dippers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The HONC and AUTOS are highly reliable measures of dependence for adolescent users of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Using these measures and other indicators, no meaningful differences in dependence were found between dippers and smokers at comparable levels of lifetime use.
A Successful System of Scientific Data Audits for Clinical Trials
Authors: Raymond B. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To report on data collected during on-site audits of source documents in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB).A retrospective review of audit reports in four audit cycles.A cooperative group of institutions conducting clinical trials in cancer treatment.Patients taking part in clinical trials at collaborating CALGB institutions, members of the CALGB Data Audit Committee, and group chairmen of CALGB.The results of 691 institutional audits conducted by the CALGB in 1982 through 1992 with comparisons of main CALGB institutions vs affiliates.In four full reviews of all participating institutions in the CALGB, 3787 patients have had their on-site medical records compared with data submitted to the CALGB Data Management Center. Compliance with federal regulations for oversight by an institutional review board improved from a deficiency rate of 28.0% among the main institutions and 49.6% of the affiliate institutions in the first audit cycle to respective figures of 13.3% and 28.2% in the fourth cycle. Consent form deficiencies also dropped overall from 18.5% in the first cycle to 3.9% in the fourth. Patient eligibility was verified by auditors in 94.5%, and assessment of tumor changes in response to treatment was verified in 96.4% in the fourth cycle; both figures were only slightly lower in the first cycle. Two instances of scientific impropriety were discovered for a rate of only 0.28% of all audits. Both occurred prior to 1984, and none have occurred since. Major protocol deviations in drug dosing have held steady at about 11% over four audit cycles. Over the 11-year period of audits, three main institutions and 96 affiliate institutions have discontinued CALGB membership due solely, or at least partly, to unfavorable audit results.Scientific improprieties have occurred very rarely in clinical trials conducted by the CALGB. Protocol compliance in assessing patient eligibility and tumor responses has been high. Attention to administrative matters of consent forms, institutional review board approval, and ancillary data submission has measurably improved in the CALGB, which is at least partly due to the pressure from this on-site peer review of investigator performance.
Polypharmacy — Multiple-Ingredient and Shotgun Prescriptions
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CINCE ancient times the multiple-ingredient medic^ inal preparation has been part of the armamentarium of the physician as well as presenting a problem to him. The ancients seldom employed a single drug in the treatment of disease. The few really active preparations were often masked by numerous inactive and often foul-smelling or foultasting substances. Frequently, these inactive materials were added because of superstition, or to disguise the true nature of the active compound.Perhaps the outstanding example and the acme of polypharmacy was the compound mithridatium or theriac, the latter term identifying it as effective against the bites of poisonous . . .
Burns From Topical Pain Relievers
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Error in Attribution of Data Source of a Cited Study in the Article by Bruderer et al (Arthritis Rheumatol, January 2014)
Authors: Saskia Bruderer, Michael Bodmer, Susan S. Jick, Christoph R. Meier
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

In the article by Bruderer et al in the January 2014 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatology (pages 185–196), an earlier study mentioned in the Discussion section (page 194) was incorrectly referred to as “a recently published General Practice Research Database–based study.” The sentence should read “These findings were similar to the results reported by Choi et al in a recently published THIN (The Health Improvement Network) database–based study (40).” We regret the errors.
[479] PERINATAL HBV VIREMIA IN CHILDREN BORN TO HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(−) MOTHERS
Authors: V. Papaevangelou, M. Machaira, V. Anastassiadou, E. Stratiki, P. Palaiologou, C. Haida, P. Drakakis, D. Paraskevis, K. Stamouli, A. Hatzakis, A. Constantopoulos, A. Antsaklis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
What value do computers provide to NHS hospitals?
Authors: C. Lock
Journal: BMJ (1996)

What value do computers provide to NHS hospitals? Chris LockAs the NHS spends around £220 million a year on information technology for use by acute hospitals that are hard pressed for resources, it is reasonable to ask what value is provided; A review of rigorous scientific evidence for the value of information technology to NHS hospitals found that published evidence is scarce and far from conclusive.Information technology in NHS hospitals needs further assessment so that future deci- sions on such necessary and important investments are based on clear, well documented experience and research.Recent reports from the Audit Commission have criticised the use of computer systems in NHS hospitals' 2 and have sparked a debate regarding the value of information technology to the NHS and to acute hospitals in particular.The costs are substantial (C220m a year), and some argue that the benefits are nebulous and diffuse.But where is the evidence?Assessing the value arising from investments in information technology, rather than merely their cost, is not straightforward.Much information tech- nology investment has been in administrative systems that might be regarded as successful when they save money.Recent thinking suggests that this is insufficient, and that a more comprehensive assessment should consider whether information technology supports the commer- cial and strategic objectives of the organisation.3For the NHS, the impact of computer systems on patient care as well as on the "business" objectives of hospitals should be considered.When computer systems are assessed against patient care objectives, outcomes should be expressed as would those arising from other clinical interventions.The range of outcomes that might arise from computer sys- tems is potentially huge, and as yet no measure of out- come has been universally recognised.The Audit Commission offered a list of potential clinical benefits of information technology to patient care (box), which illustrates the breadth of potential benefits.
Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992
Authors: L Bujan, A Mansat, F Pontonnier, R Mieusset
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To investigate whether sperm production has changed during the past 16 years in the Toulouse area of France. <b>Design</b>: Time series analysis of sperm donors9 specimens between 1977 and 1992. <b>Setting</b>: Sperm bank of university hospital in Toulouse, France. <b>Subjects</b>: 302 healthy fertile men candidate sperm donors more than 20 and up to 45 years old and without any infertile brothers. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Spermatozoa concentration. <b>Results</b>: Donors9 mean age at time of donation was 34.05 (SD 5.13), but this increased significantly (P&lt;0.001) during the study, from 32.4 in 1977 to 36 in 1992. Mean sperm count of samples was 83.12x10<sup>6</sup>/ml (SD 68.42x10<sup>6</sup>/ml). Sperm concentration was positively linked to the year of donation (Pearson9s coefficient r=0.12, P&lt;0.05), but this correlation disappeared after adjustment for age of donors (r=0.09, P&gt;0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>: Sperm concentration has not changed with time in the Toulouse area. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This decline in sperm count was recently confirmed in the Paris area of France We studied sperm production of healthy fertile men in the Toulouse area of south west France The men were recruited according to the same selection criteria as in the Parisian study, but, contrary to the Parisian results, the sperm count of the semen samples had remained constant during the past 16 years These discrepant findings could be explained by different environmental conditions noted between the two areas
Use of Genetics in the Clinical Evaluation of Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Daniel P. Judge
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Inherited forms of cardiomyopathy are frequently responsible for heart failure that is otherwise unexplained. Evaluation of familial cardiomyopathy should include not only the individual patient, but also the pattern of inheritance within the family and assessment for the presence of syndromic features. The last 10 years have seen remarkable advances in genetics. Improvements in technology have lowered costs, such that clinical use of genetic testing is rapidly expanding. Genetic counseling about the potential risks and benefits of such testing is an important part of the care of individuals and families with inherited heart disease. Among inherited types of cardiomyopathy, the likelihood of finding a responsible gene mutation varies. Both hypertrophic and right ventricular forms of cardiomyopathy have a relatively high likelihood of finding a responsible gene mutation when testing is properly applied. Because of prominent genetic heterogeneity in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, recognition of pathogenic mutations is more challenging. With or without genetic testing, screening of family members who are at risk for an inherited form of cardiomyopathy leads to earlier identification, earlier treatment, and improved outcomes.
Health in South Asia: Sri Lanka needs to build on its strengths and gains
Authors: Saroj Jayasinghe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Bhutta et al and the World Bank highlight Sri Lanka as a model in achieving exceptional health status with comparatively low investments.1 2 However, recent data show a stagnation of gains (such as an increase in infant mortality from 15.9/1000 in 1998 to 17/1000 in 2001) and emerging challenges. …
Centralized, Stepped, Patient Preference–Based Treatment for Patients With Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Depression
Authors: Karina W. Davidson, J. Thomas Bigger, Matthew M. Burg, Robert M. Carney, William F. Chaplin, Susan Czajkowski, Ellen Dornelas, Joan Duer-Hefele, Nancy Frasure-Smith, Kenneth E. Freedland, Donald C. Haas, Allan S. Jaffe, Joseph A. Ladapo, Francois Lespérance, Vivian Medina, Jonathan D. Newman, Gabrielle A. Osorio, Faith Parsons, Joseph E. Schwartz, Jonathan A. Shaffer, Peter A. Shapiro, David S. Sheps, Viola Vaccarino, William Whang, Siqin Ye
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Controversy remains about whether depression can be successfully managed after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the costs and benefits of doing so.To determine the effects of providing post-ACS depression care on depressive symptoms and health care costs.Multicenter randomized controlled trial.Patients were recruited from 2 private and 5 academic ambulatory centers across the United States.A total of 150 patients with elevated depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] score ≥10) 2 to 6 months after an ACS, recruited between March 18, 2010, and January 9, 2012.Patients were randomized to 6 months of centralized depression care (patient preference for problem-solving treatment given via telephone or the Internet, pharmacotherapy, both, or neither), stepped every 6 to 8 weeks (active treatment group; n = 73), or to locally determined depression care after physician notification about the patient's depressive symptoms (usual care group; n = 77).Change in depressive symptoms during 6 months and total health care costs.Depressive symptoms decreased significantly more in the active treatment group than in the usual care group (differential change between groups, -3.5 BDI points; 95% CI, -6.1 to -0.7; P = .01). Although mental health care estimated costs were higher for active treatment than for usual care, overall health care estimated costs were not significantly different (difference adjusting for confounding, -$325; 95% CI, -$2639 to $1989; P = .78).For patients with post-ACS depression, active treatment had a substantial beneficial effect on depressive symptoms. This kind of depression care is feasible, effective, and may be cost-neutral within 6 months; therefore, it should be tested in a large phase 3 pragmatic trial.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01032018.
Call to improve transparency of trials of non-regulated interventions
Authors: R. Dal-Re, M. B. Bracken, J. P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The public and clinicians require transparent, quality evidence for all interventions. Trials of non-regulated interventions are common, and efforts to improve their registration and publication compared with drug trials are overdue, say <b>Rafael Dal-Ré, Michael Bracken, </b>and<b> John Ioannidis</b>