tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchial Obstruction Due to Pulmonary Artery Anomalies
Authors: STEPHEN CONTRO, ROBERT A. MILLER, HARVEY WHITE, WILLIS J. POTTS
Journal: Circulation (1958)

In a previous publication attention was drawn to the occurrence of pulmonary artery anomalies as conditions causing tracheobronchial obstruction. In the present report 2 infants are presented in whom a large aneurysm of the pulmonary artery pressed upon the walls of the left bronchus, producing severe respiratory symptoms.
“Code” or “No Code”: A Nonlegal Opinion
Authors: Steven S. Spencer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE widespread familiarity with cardiopulmonary-resuscitation technics and the prompt availability of portable defibrillators and "crash carts "in most modern hospitals have made it possible to attempt resuscitation in virtually all in-hospital deaths. The policy in many hospitals is that a resuscitative effort will be made on all patients in the event of death unless the physician has written a "no-code" order. Although making decisions about resuscitating patients is certainly not a new responsibility for physicians, the current state of affairs has introduced some new complexities into this decision-making process.The new complexities concern the timing of such decisions and the . . .
Noninvasive coronary angiography with 16-slice detector computed tomography: Initial experience
Authors: Stephen Schroeder, Andreas F. Koop, Axel Kuettner, Tobias Traboldt, Martin Heuschmitt, Thorsten Beck, Christof Burgstahler, Thomas Athanasiou, Ludger Seipel, Claus D. Claussen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Priorities for women with lymphoedema after treatment for breast cancer: population based cohort study
Authors: A. Girgis, F. Stacey, T. Lee, D. Black, S. Kilbreath
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To explore the perceived unmet needs among women treated for breast cancer and in whom symptoms and signs indicate the presence of lymphoedema. <b>Design</b> Population based cross sectional survey with a purpose designed questionnaire (60 items). <b>Setting</b> Cancer registries of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. <b>Participants</b> 237 women with symptoms and signs indicative of lymphoedema from an initial 1930 eligible women. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Unmet needs in the previous month across psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, sexuality needs, body image, and financial domains. <b>Results</b> The 10 items most commonly identified as a "moderate to high current need" included having their doctor and allied health workers being fully informed about lymphoedema, acknowledge the seriousness of the condition, and be willing to treat it. Women also wanted access to up to date treatments, both mainstream and alternative, and financial assistance for their garments. The three factors that explained most of the variance were: information and support (11 items), which accounted for 49% of the variance; body image and self esteem (seven items; 7% variance); and health system (seven items; 5% variance). Examination of these three factors showed that while the levels of need were generally low, they were common. <b>Conclusion</b> To address the needs of women with lymphoedema and perhaps to prevent progression of lymphoedema, it is important that practitioners do not dismiss mild symptoms and that women are referred to an appropriate specialist.
More than a quarter of Indias youngsters have premarital sex
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A quarter to a third of India's young people indulge in premarital sex, a new study conducted by the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare and suppressed by India's health ministry, has said.

The study, coordinated by V K Tewari, surveyed premarital sexuality and unmet contraceptive needs among school and college students, young working men and women, and young people aged 15–24 years living in slums in Delhi and Lucknow. It concludes that premarital sex varies from 17% among schoolchildren to …
Abstract 497: Arousal of the stroma: Fibroblasts lead pancreatic cancer cell invasion
Authors: Teresa A. Brentnall, Lisa Lai, Mary Bronner, Ru Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts, comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in the stroma surrounding solid tumors; these myofibroblasts are thought to promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Mechanisms regulating the activation of the fibroblasts and the initiation of the invasive tumorigenesis are of great interest. Upregulation of the cytoskeletal protein, palladin, has been detected in the stromal myofibroblasts surrounding many solid cancers and in expression screens for genes involved in invasion. Using a pancreatic cancer model, we investigated the functional consequence of overexpression of exogenous palladin in normal fibroblasts in vitro and the affect it could have on the early stages of tumor invasion. Findings: Palladin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs very early in tumorigenesis. In vivo, concordant expression of palladin and the myofibroblast marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), occurs early at the dysplastic stages in peri-tumoral stroma and progressively increases in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In vitro introduction of exogenous 90kD palladin into normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as marked by induction of α-SMA and vimentin, and through the physical change of cell morphology. Moreover, palladin expression in the fibroblasts enhances cellular migration, invasion through the extracellular matrix, and creation of tunnels through which cancer cells can follow. The fibroblast-led invasion and creation of tunnels results from the development of invadopodia-like cellular protrusions (“feet”) which express invadopodia proteins and proteolytic enzymes. Palladin expression in fibroblasts is triggered by the co-culture of normal fibroblasts with k-ras-expressing epithelial cells. Abrogation of palladin with shRNA reverses the ability of cancer cells to invade by blocking the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and dampening of the myofibroblast-cancer cell partnership. Conclusions: Fibroblasts are active partners in pancreatic cancer cell invasion. Palladin expression can impart myofibroblast properties, in turn promoting the invasive potential of these peri-tumoral cells with invadopodia-driven degradation of extracellular matrix. Palladin expression in fibroblasts can be triggered by k-ras expression in adjacent epithelial cells. This data supports a model whereby palladin-activated fibroblasts facilitate stromal-dependent metastasis and outgrowth of tumorigenic epithelium. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 497. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-497
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GRAVID MICE TO COXSACKIE VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf, Rebecca Gifford
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Gravid mice become progressively more susceptible to infection with the pancreatic line of Group B-1 Coxsackie virus during the last week of pregnancy. A Group A-8 strain did not have such an effect. The young that survive despite the fact that their mothers are infected with a B-1 strain appear to be normal in the gross and microscopically, to grow at the usual rate, to be free of demonstrable virus, and to be susceptible on challenge with a homologous strain.
The Quantitative Anatomy of Cyanotic Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: MAURICE LEV, HORACIO J. A. RIMOLDI, URSULA F. ROWLATT
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A quantitative analysis was made of hearts with tetralogy of Fallot without operative procedures, with pulmonary atresia, with total repair, and with old Potts anastomosis and total repair. Useful data thus obtained were as follows: In simple tetralogy the left ventricle has a tendency to volume atrophy. The tricuspid orifice has a tendency to be smaller than normal. In tetralogy with pulmonary atresia, the aortic orifice has a tendency to be larger, and the mitral orifice smaller than in ordinary tetralogy. In tetralogy after total repair, the heart is increased in weight 24 to 48 hours later probably related to manipulation of the right ventricle. The tricuspid and aortic orifices have a tendency to be smaller than previously, probably related to the technic of closure of the ventricular septal defect. This is not the case where an aorticopulmonary anastomosis has been previously done before total repair.
The relationship between endogenous serum insulin concentration and glucose uptake in the forearm muscles of nondiabetics
Authors: Niels Juel Christensen, Hans Ørskov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

IN A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS ON THE HUMAN FOREARM, PREPARATION DESIGNED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN IMMUNOLOGICALLY DETERMINED ENDOGENOUS SERUM INSULIN LEVELS AND OF BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON MUSCULAR GLUCOSE UPTAKE, THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: (a) A highly significant correlation between muscular glucose uptake and simultaneous arterial serum insulin concentration. (b) No correlation between glucose uptake and simultaneous arterial blood glucose concentration during hyperglycemia. (c) A maximal insulin effect on muscular glucose uptake at arterial serum insulin concentrations at about 200 muU/ml. This observation is, however, based on only a few experiments.
Severe dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporin A.
Authors: L Ejstrup
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Cyclosporin for polymyositis SIR, Cyclosporin has proved its value as an immunosup- pressive drug in transplant patients.In addition, it appears to be effective in patients with autoimmune diseases.Recently, some reports have been published on the successful administration of cyclosporin to patients with severe polymyositis and dermatomyositis, in whom con- ventional treatment with prednisolone, azathioprine, cyc- lophosphamide, or methotrexate had failed.' 2 In these
Locum GP from India is jailed for manslaughter in UK after failing to spot diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A locum GP who worked out of hours has been jailed for two and a half years at Sheffield Crown Court after admitting the manslaughter of a 42 year old man who died after the doctor failed to recognise the signs of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Bala Kovvali, 64, was based in India but flew to the United Kingdom every summer to work for the national deputising service Primacare. He had qualified in India but had trained as a GP in the UK.

He admitted causing the death of Andrew Fellows by failing to carry out an adequate clinical assessment, failing to refer him to …
Cost Effectiveness of Fracture Prevention in Postmenopausal Women Who Receive Aromatase Inhibitors for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Kouta Ito, Victoria S. Blinder, Elena B. Elkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) increase the risk of osteoporosis and related fractures in postmenopausal women who receive adjuvant AIs for hormone receptor (HR) -positive early breast cancer (EBC). We compared the cost effectiveness of alternative screening and treatment strategies for fracture prevention.We developed a Markov state transition model to simulate clinical practice and outcomes in a hypothetical cohort of women age 60 years with HR-positive EBC starting a 5-year course of AI therapy after primary surgery for breast cancer. Outcomes were quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). We compared the following strategies: no intervention; one-time bone mineral density (BMD) screening and selective bisphosphonate therapy in women with osteoporosis or osteopenia; annual BMD screening and selective bisphosphonate therapy in women with osteoporosis or osteopenia; and universal bisphosphonate therapy.ICERs for annual BMD screening followed by oral bisphosphonates for those with osteoporosis, annual BMD screening followed by oral bisphosphonates for those with osteopenia, and universal treatment with oral bisphosphonates were $87,300, $129,300, and $283,600 per QALY gained, respectively. One-time BMD screening followed by oral bisphosphonates for those with osteoporosis or osteopenia was dominated. Our results were sensitive to age at the initiation of AI therapy, type of bisphosphonates, post-treatment residual effect of bisphosphonates, and a potential adjuvant benefit of intravenous bisphosphonates.In postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant AIs for HR-positive EBC, a policy of baseline and annual BMD screening followed by selective treatment with oral bisphosphonates for those diagnosed with osteoporosis is a cost-effective use of societal resources.
Preservation of lymphatic drainage from arm in breast cancer surgery: is it safe?.
Authors: S Kang, J Choi, Y Jeon, S Lee, Y Bae
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #201 Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer was introduced to prevent the high morbidity seen with Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Although multiple comparison studies have confirmed that SLNB consistently has lower morbidity and lymphedema rates than ALND; it is still clinically significant ranging from 0∼13%. The aim of this study was to confirm the feasibility of the technique, so called Axillary reverse mapping (ARM), and to test the hypothesis that arm lymphatics are never involved by the metastatic process of breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: We reviewed prospectively maintained database of 129 patients who operated for primary breast cancer since June 2007. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were identified by using a radiolabeled isotope (TC99m-phytate or human serum albumin). Under general anesthesia, 2.5∼3 mL of blue dye was injected in the upper inner arm along the medial intramuscular groove of ipsilateral arm in order to locate the draining lymphatics or lymph node from the arm. We then proceeded as usual with the SLNB or ALND. During axillary procedure, we take the blue node (ARM node) and SLN (hot node), and both were sent to pathology department for frozen section analysis. If SLNs were positive, ALND was performed and axillary contents were sent to pathology. Histological results of ARM node were compared with that of the other nodes of the SLNB or ALND.&amp;#x2028; Results: The mean age of patients was 48.3 years old (rang 27∼73). Surgeries included 41 mastectomies, 80 breast conserving surgeries and eight skin sparing mastectomies with immediate reconstruction. Of the 129 procedures, 81 were in SLNB (62.8%), 43 SLNB+ALND (33.3%), and five ALND. One hundred one of 129 (78.3%) blue ARM nodes were identified in the axilla. The average number of removed ARM node was 1.5 (range 1∼5). In 19 of 96 SLNB cases, the ARM nodes were hot, yielding 18.9% of concordance rate between ARM node and SLN. Among these 19 cases, seven ARM nodes contained metastasis. In one SLNB case, the metastatic ARM node was not hot. In all five ALND cases, ARM nodes were identified and one of five ARM nodes was positive for metastasis. Thus, ARM node metastasis rate of identified ARM node during ARM procedure was 8.9% (9/101).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: According to our study, it is thought that lymphatic drainage from arm share common lymphatic channel in axilla with lymphatic flow from breast. Therefore, intentional preservation of lymphatics or lymph node drained from arm during performing axillary surgery in breast cancer could be a dangerous one. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 201.
Kinetic analysis of biliary lipid excretion in man and dog.
Authors: C I Wagner, B W Trotman, R D Soloway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To understand better the mechanisms involved in biliary lipid excretion and to evaluate their role in cholesterol gallstone formation, the rates of biliary excretion of bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids were measured in two species, man and dog. Seven cholecystectomized patients with balloon-occludable reinfusion T-tubes were studied during intact and interrupted enterohepatic circulation and four cholecystectomized dogs were studied during interrupted enterohepatic circulation. In man and dog both cholesterol and phospholipid outputs were hyperbolically related to bile salt output by the equation y = x/(a + bx). The output curves intersected the origin and showed an initial rapid rise, followed by a slower increase to a maximum, suggesting a rate-limited mechanism. The shape of the curves permitted calculation of the theoretical maximal outputs and the rates of rise to those outputs. Comparison of these values showed that in both man and dog phospholipid output was greater than cholesterol output and that cholesterol and phospholipid were excreted at different rates. These studies (a) indicate that cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile salts are not excreted in a fixed relationship and (b) demonstrate the usefulness of the derived theoretical maximal lipid output, and the rate of rise of lipid excretion to a maximum, in evaluating the kinetics of biliary lipid excretion.
AB0567 Coexistence of spondyloarthropathy and hypermobility joint syndrome: a report of seven cases
Authors: V. Ognenovski, S. Stewart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether age is associated with serious spinal injury in pediatric motor vehicle occupants, after controlling for crash-related factors. <b>Design &amp; setting:</b> Retrospective record review. <b>Patients &amp; outcome measures:</b> All motor vehicle passengers 0 -16 years treated at 2 major children9s hospitals from 1999 to 2004 with ICD 10 codes for spinal trauma. Injury outcomes were categorized as minor and serious. Minor injuries were analogous to AIS 1 injuries. Serious injuries were those that posed some risk to the integrity of the spinal column or cord. <b>Results:</b> 72 cases were identified (58 &lt;12 years, 14 ≥12 years). Using logistic regression to adjust for confounders, including crash severity and crash type, age &lt; 12 was found to be significantly associated with serious spinal injury. Compared to older children, children less than 12 years were more likely to sustain serious spinal injury (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.2 - 42.9). <b>Conclusion:</b> Children up to age 12 have an elevated risk of serious spinal injury in car crashes. This age breakpoint may reflect the adequacy of seat belt fit, and use of adult seatbelts alone before age 12 may increase a child9s risk of serious spinal injury. Association between age and serious spinal injury should also be considered in the triage of pediatric motor vehicle occupants.
Prevalence of HBV precore and core promotor variants in the United States — results of a nation-wide study
Authors: Chu Chi-Jen, Emmet B. Keeffe, Steven-Huy Han, Robert Perrillo, Albert D. Min, William Carey, Consuelo Soldevila-Pico, Velimir A. Luketic, Robert S. Brown, Norah Terrault, Donald Jensen, Anna S. Lok
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Posterior Route Removal of Sacral Neuroblastoma With 12-Month Survival
Authors: Carl Pochedly
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Neuroblastomas originating from sacral sympathetic ganglia comprised only 4.4% of 1,270 cases compiled from recently reported series. 1-3 Being extra-adrenal, sacral neuroblastomas often respond well to therapy, even when they are very large and cannot be completely resected. 2,4   Report of a Case.—  A 16-month-old black boy was examined because of urinary retention for one day and the presence of a fever for two days, and infrequent urination and constipation for three months' duration. The child had been anorexic for one week. He was noted to have abdominal distention on the day of admission to the hospital emergency room, where 350 ml of urine was obtained by catheterization. His temperature was 40.0 C; blood pressure, 120/70 mm Hg. A nonmobile 5-cm mass was found on the right posterolateral rectal wall.  Urinary catecholamines were markedly increased (urinary vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations were both greater than 100μg/mg
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease) -- A Tropical Disease Now in the United States
Authors: L V Kirchhoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi1,2. As is typical of tropical diseases, it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among poor people in developing countries, but health care providers in industrialized nations see it less frequently and know little about it. Chagas' disease is endemic in almost all Latin American countries, including Mexico and the Central American nations. Since the mid-1970s, large numbers of immigrants have entered the United States from regions where Chagas' disease is common, especially Central America. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that many of these people . . .
THE CAPACITY OF THE RENAL VASCULAR BED IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Alvin J. Cox, William Dock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

By using kerosene and avoiding postmortem rigor one can obtain perfusion rates in kidneys nearly five times faster than those reported by observers who perfused kidneys immediately post mortem with saline solution, only half as viscous as kerosene. The results obtained by kerosene perfusion indicate possible renal blood flow 50 to 100 per cent greater than that measured by Smith and his coworkers (7) in living men by diodrast clearance under normal conditions, and about as high as those observed in febrile subjects. Like the diodrast method, kerosene perfusion shows a striking decrease in renal vascular bed between early matuity (age 18 to 35) and senescence (45 to 60). This decrease is about 25 per cent. Most kidneys from patients with hypertension without uremia have vascular beds in the normal range, but a few show great decreases in capacity for blood flow. This evidence is interpreted as another indication that renal arteriosclerosis is often a result, rarely a cause of hypertension. Significant occlusion of large renal arteries is rare. Uremia due to amyloid may occur with no significant decrease in renal vascular bed, but the uremia of renal sclerosis, glomerulo- or pyelonephritis is associated with reduction of vascular bed to very low levels.
American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias
Authors: Barry Baumel
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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