tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypovitaminosis-C and Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: G. S. Erwin, R. Wright, C. J. Doherty
Journal: BMJ (1940)

upper limb following saucerization and vaselin packing, and out of about 200 surgical cases it was not uncommon to have twenty or thirty patients going about wearing them.The Chinese wounded soldiers got very attached to them, and called them their anti-aircraft guns.Messrs. J. Critchley and Sons of 18, Great George Street
Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Shigeo Takaishi, Tomoyuki Okumura, Timothy C. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Cancer stem cells are defined as the unique subpopulation in the tumors that possess the ability to initiate tumor growth and sustain self-renewal as well as metastatic potential. Accumulating evidence in recent years strongly indicate the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumors of a wide variety of organs. In this review, we will discuss the possible existence of a gastric cancer stem cell. Our recent data suggest that a subpopulation with a defined marker shows spheroid colony formation in serum-free media in vitro, as well as tumorigenic ability in immunodeficient mice in vivo. We will also discuss the possible origins of the gastric cancer stem cell from an organ-specific stem cell versus a recently recognized new candidate bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC). We have previously shown that BMDC contributed to malignant epithelial cells in the mouse model of Helicobacter-associated gastric cancer. On the basis of these findings from animal model, we propose that a similar phenomenon may also occur in human cancer biology, particularly in the cancer origin of other inflammation-associated cancers. The expanding research field of cancer stem-cell biology may offer a novel clinical apparatus to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Randomized Phase II Designs
Authors: Larry Rubinstein, John Crowley, Percy Ivy, Michael LeBlanc, Dan Sargent
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract As the use of molecularly targeted agents, which are anticipated to increase overall survival (OS)and progression-free survival (PFS) but not necessarily tumor response, has increased in oncology, there has been a corresponding increase in the recommendation and use of randomized phase II designs. Such designs reduce the potential for bias, existent in comparisons with historical controls, but also substantially increase the sample size requirements. We review the principal statistical designs for historically controlled and randomized phase II trials, along with their advantages, disadvantages, and statistical design considerations. We review the arguments for and against the use of randomization in phase II studies, the situations in which the use of historical controls is preferred, and the situations in which the use of randomized designs is preferred. We review methods used to calculate predicted OS or PFS values from historical controls, adjusted so as to be appropriate for an experimental sample with particular prognostic characteristics. We show how adjustment of the type I and type II error bounds for randomized studies can facilitate the detection of appropriate target increases in median PFS or OS with sample sizes appropriate for phase II studies. Although there continue to be differences among investigators concerning the use of randomization versus historical controls in phase II trials, there is agreement that each approach will continue to be appropriate, and the optimal approach will depend upon the circumstances of the individual trial.
Evaluation of the increase in model for end-stage liver disease (ΔMELD) score over time as a prognostic predictor in patients with advanced cirrhosis: risk factor analysis and comparison with initial MELD and Child–Turcotte–Pugh score
Authors: Teh-Ia Huo, Jaw-Ching Wu, Han-Chieh Lin, Fa-Yauh Lee, Ming-Chih Hou, Pui-Ching Lee, Full-Young Chang, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Studies with 131I Triolein in South African Bantu and White Subjects, and in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. Metz, A. Antonis, I. Bersohn, D. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1960)

AMyocardial Infarction.20 white males aged 40 to 60, convalescing from a recent attack of myocardial infarction, diagnosed by the characteristic clinical picture and electrocardiographic changes.
Angiogenic growth factor expression in the uterus
Authors: S.K. Smith
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article Angiogenic growth factor expression in the uterus Get access S.K. Smith S.K. Smith Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Rose Maternity HospitalCambridge CB2 2SW Telephone: (0) 1223 336 871; Fax: (0) 1223 248 811 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1 January 1995, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.2.162 Published: 01 March 1995
Abstract 5508: B lymphocytes are activated during the course of sipuleucel-T treatment, leading to an antigen-specific humoral response
Authors: Johnna Wesley, Ling-Yu Kuan, Eric Chadwick, Nikole Perdue, Corazon dela Rosa, Mark Frohlich, David Urdal, Nadeem Sheikh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy FDA approved for men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Previous clinical data have shown that antibodies specific for the immunizing antigen, PA2024, develop within two weeks post-end of sipuleucel-T treatment. Here, we sought to determine whether B lymphocytes were activated during the course of treatment and to evaluate their phenotypic profile in two ongoing clinical studies (NEoACT and PRoACT). Materials and Methods: Sipuleucel-T is manufactured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated every two weeks by leukapheresis. The PBMCs are cultured with PA2024, an antigen composed of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) fused to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), washed, and then infused into the patient as sipuleucel-T. Each patient receives three infusions. The activation status of B lymphocytes was evaluated by multi-color flow cytometry during the manufacture of sipuleucel-T, before and after culture at each of the three treatment times. B lymphocyte subsets were identified by their expression of CD20, IgD and CD27: CD20+IgD+CD27− naive, CD20+IgD+CD27+ mature activated, and CD20+IgD−CD27+ memory. Activation of each of these subsets was determined by their expression of CD80 and CD96. Antigen-specific B lymphocyte function, in the form of antibody production, was evaluated in the serum of sipuleucel-T-treated subjects before and after treatment. Summary: In the mature activated B lymphocyte subset, an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing CD80+ and CD86+ was detected following culture with PA2024, with the increase in CD86+ mature B lymphocytes being the highest after the second infusion of sipuleucel-T. An increase in mature activated B lymphocytes directly ex vivo, pre-culture, was not observed prior to the second or third infusion. Additionally, CD80 and CD86 expression was upregulated on memory B lymphocytes in response to culture with PA2024 and following the first infusion. Furthermore, PA2024- and PAP-specific antibody responses were detected and maintained 2-22 weeks after the completion of sipuleucel-T treatment.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that B lymphocyte activation is a consequence of ex vivo culture with PA2024 and precedes an antigen-specific humoral response, as detected in the patients’ serum after treatment with sipuleucel-T. Collectively, these findings provide evidence of therapy-induced humoral immune activation in men with mCRPC treated with sipuleucel-T. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5508. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5508
Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Aromatase Expression in Lung Adenocarcinomas with <i>EGFR</i> Mutations
Authors: Mikihiro Kohno, Tatsuro Okamoto, Kenichi Suda, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Hirokazu Kitahara, Shinichiro Shimamatsu, Hideyuki Konishi, Tsukihisa Yoshida, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Tokujiro Yano, Yoshihiko Maehara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Lung adenocarcinomas among never-smokers are more common in females than in males. This implies that gender-dependent hormones promote smoking unrelated lung adenocarcinoma. We therefore investigated mRNA expression of aromatase, an intrinsic estrogen synthetase, in lung adenocarcinoma and assessed its correlation to clinicopathologic factors, including EGFR mutations and postsurgical prognosis.Aromatase mRNA expression in primary tumor samples from 110 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Inhibitory effects of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane were assessed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (11-18 and HCC4006), which have EGFR mutations, separately and combined with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib.Aromatase gene expression was not correlated with patients' clinicopathologic factors, including EGFR mutation status. High aromatase expression was associated with poor prognosis for both recurrence-free survival (P = 0.004) and overall survival (P = 0.003). In addition, the prognostic significance of aromatase expression was limited to females, never-smokers, and patients with EGFR mutations, but not in their counterparts. HCC4006, which has a low aromatase mRNA expression level, was not sensitive to exemestane, either alone or combined with erlotinib. In contrast, growth of 11-18 cells, which have high aromatase expression, was significantly inhibited by exemestane, both alone and combined with erlotinib.Aromatase is a candidate prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, especially in those with EGFR mutations, and may also be a beneficial therapeutic target in those patients.
Charles Peter Broad Kenneth Playfair Duncan Howard Larmour English Dorothy Younie
Authors: J. Hoyle, C. Rowe-Jones, W. M Dixon, H. English, E. English, G. Watt, J. Burrell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

His character suited him well to surgery, being friendly, decisive, and full of commonsense.In an age when orthopaedic surgery seems to depend more on high technology and instrumentation it was refreshing to know someone like Peter who would often say in theatre, "Don't worry, Sister, I'll manage with that," and still produce superb results.When he retired he continued with medicolegal work.He loved the combative atmosphere of the courtroom and revelled in the verbal exchanges with counsel in his role as expert witness.
Electrophysiological effects of labetolol on rabbit atrial, ventricular and Purkinje cells, in normoxia and hypoxia
Authors: E M. VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, J. S MILLAR, T. J CAMPBELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

Labetolol, which blocks both alpha and beta-adrenoceptors, was found to have direct actions on cardiac muscle which could themselves be antiarrhythmic. It depressed the maximum rate of depolarisation, and reduced conduction velocity, in atrial and ventricular muscle and in Purkinje cells, implying restriction of fast inward current (Class 1). It had twice the potency of procaine as a local anesthetic on nerve. Labetolol abbreviated the action potential (AP) plateau in normoxic atrial muscle, but attenuated AP-shortening by hypoxia. It caused a significant slowing of all phases of repolarisation (Class 3) in normoxic ventricular muscle. It had no negative inotropic action in normoxia or hypoxia, and there was no evidence for slowing of A-V nodal conduction.
Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial PLUNC Proteins in Nasal Polyp Tissue
Authors: S. Seshadri, D. Lin, A. Kato, R. Carter, L. Suh, A. Peters, R. Chandra, J. Norton, K.E. Harris, H. Chu, D. Conley, L.C. Grammer, R. Kern, R.P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Two new steroidal tetraglycosides from the rhizomes of Smilacina atropurpurea
Authors: Ying Zhang, Haizhou Li, Chongren Yang, Yingjun Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Smilacina atropurpurea (family Convallariaceae) is a perennial herb used medicinally for the treatment of lung ailments, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, and cuts and bruises, by the local people of its growing areas in southwest China. The tender aerial part has also been used as a wild vegetable by Lisu, Naxi and Tibetan people. Chemical analysis of the rhizomes of this plant has allowed us to isolate two new minor steroidal tetraglycosides, specifically atropurosides H (1) and I (2), by repeated column chromatography over silica gel and reversed phase silica. The structures were determined to be (25R,S)-12β-hydroxy-spirost-5-ene-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and (25S)-5α-spirost-17α-hydroxy-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galacto pyranoside (2), respectively, on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
Prognostic Value of Pharmacological Stress Echocardiography Is Affected by Concomitant Antiischemic Therapy at the Time of Testing
Authors: Rosa Sicari, Lauro Cortigiani, Riccardo Bigi, Patrizia Landi, Mauro Raciti, Eugenio Picano
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine whether antianginal medications affect the prognostic value of pharmacological stress echocardiography.From the EPIC-EDIC Data Bank, 7333 patients (5452 men; age; 59+/-10 years) underwent pharmacological stress echocardiography with either high-dose dipyridamole (0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes; n=4984) or high-dose dobutamine (up to 40 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); n=2349) (DET) for diagnostic purposes. At the time of testing, 1791 patients were on antiischemic therapy (nitrates and/or calcium antagonists and/or beta-blockers). Patients were followed up for a mean of 2.6 years (range, 1 to 206 months). DET was positive for myocardial ischemia in 2854 patients (39%) and negative in 4479 (61%). Total mortality was 336 (4.5%). Death was attributed to cardiac causes in 161 patients (2.1%). Survival was highest in patients with negative DET off therapy and lowest in patients with positive DET studied on therapy (95% versus 81%; P=0.0000). Survival was comparable in patients with a negative test on therapy and in patients with a positive test off therapy (88% versus 84%, P=NS).Ongoing antiischemic therapy at the time of testing heavily modulates the prognostic value of pharmacological stress echo. In the presence of concomitant antiischemic therapy, a positive test is more prognostically malignant, and a negative test less prognostically benign.
Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yusuke Sakaguchi, Tatsuya Shoji, Terumasa Hayashi, Akira Suzuki, Morihiro Shimizu, Kensuke Mitsumoto, Hiroaki Kawabata, Kakuya Niihata, Noriyuki Okada, Yoshitaka Isaka, Hiromi Rakugi, Yoshiharu Tsubakihara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE There is now growing evidence that magnesium (Mg) deficiency is implicated in type 2 diabetes and its complications. However, it has not been fully elucidated whether hypomagnesemia is a predictor of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 455 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (144 with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 311 with nondiabetic CKD) who were hospitalized at Osaka General Medical Center for a CKD educational program between April 2001 and December 2007. The primary outcome was progression to renal replacement therapy. Participants were categorized based on serum Mg level into Low-Mg (serum Mg level ≤1.8 mg/dL) and High-Mg (serum Mg level &amp;gt;1.8 mg/dL) groups with the previously published normal lower limit chosen as the cutoff point. RESULTS Of the subjects with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, 102 progressed to ESRD during follow-up (median, 23 months). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that after adjustment for various demographic factors and laboratory data, the Low-Mg group had a 2.12-fold higher risk of ESRD than the High-Mg group (95% CI 1.28–3.51; P = 0.004). In contrast, 135 of the nondiabetic CKD subjects progressed to ESRD during follow-up (median, 44 months). No significant difference in outcome was found between the Low- and High-Mg groups of this population (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.70–1.90; P = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Hypomagnesemia is a novel predictor of ESRD in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Stereokineradiography
Authors: Majic S. Potsaid, James Misho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THIS is the era in which mathematical ideas dominate the world of communications. It is mathematics that permits totally different signal modalities, sometimes conveying the same information or intelligence, to be brought together and understood. Mathematical models have emerged as the ultimate expression of communication theory as it applies to the written and spoken language, the electric and mechanical transmission of messages and the behavior of machines.1 There is speculation that, perhaps, the mechanisms by which people behave can be similarly deciphered and duplicated to some extent by computers.2 Even complex pictures can be subjected to pure mathematical treatment.In . . .
Usefulness of the U.S.P.
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

One hundred and fifty years ago, 11 physicians met in the Old Senate Chamber of the Capitol at Washington, D.C., as delegates to the first United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Members of this and subsequent conventions might well have been envied since they met only once in 10 years! In April, 1970, more than 200 delegates and other members assembled in Washington to prepare for U.S.P. XIX, and to celebrate the sesquicentennial of the organization.In the preface of the first U.S. Pharmacopeia of 1820, the objectives, as penned by Jacob Bigelow of Boston, were clearly stated:It is the object . . .
TCTAP A-063 Three-Year Comparison of Lesional Outcomes of Long Versus Short Drug-Eluting Stent in One Patient with Two Vessel Disease
Authors: Kyu-Hwan Park, Jang-Won Son, Chan-Hee Lee, YoonJung Choi, Tae-Hun Kwon, KangUn Choi, Byung-Jun Kim, Ung Kim, Jong-Seon Park, Dong-Gu Shin, Young-Jo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The tablets of stone
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Sniggering came from the back rows behind me. I smiled too. “Rubbish,” my inner voice jeered loudly, “Nonsense.” This was my tutorial group’s meeting on the role of the general practitioner in the consultation. No cardigan wearing, bearded, Jethro Tull groupie could convince me of the pagan effect of “the placebo,” nor that doctors were somehow druids empowered with a “therapeutic effect.” (An unlikely Hungarian psychologist called Balint coined the term “drug doctor” to describe this clinical effect.) Fresh from the hospitals, I was …
Effect of COMT Val<sup>158</sup>Met Polymorphism on the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version: Tuning Rather Than Improving Performance
Authors: Nicholas C. Stefanis, Jim van Os, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Ioannis Evdokimidis, Costas N. Stefanis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

It has been suggested that variation in catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity associated with variation in COMT Val158Met genotypes may result in enhanced or reduced cognitive performance, depending on whether the phenotype requires cognitive stability or cognitive flexibility. The authors' goal was to determine whether, in confirmation of this prediction, performance on a measure of cognitive stability would be associated with Met loading.COMT genotyping was investigated in relation to a measure of reaction time variability on the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version, in a large and representative sample of 527 young men (mean age=21 years).Met loading was associated with reduced reaction time variability.Met genotype loading may confer enhanced "tuning" or greater stability in performance, possibly by stabilizing active neural representations in the prefrontal cortex during tasks involving working memory.
A purine scaffold Hsp90 inhibitor destabilizes BCL-6 and has specific antitumor activity in BCL-6–dependent B cell lymphomas
Authors: Leandro C Cerchietti, Eloisi C Lopes, Shao Ning Yang, Katerina Hatzi, Karen L Bunting, Lucas A Tsikitas, Alka Mallik, Ana I Robles, Jennifer Walling, Lyuba Varticovski, Rita Shaknovich, Kapil N Bhalla, Gabriela Chiosis, Ari Melnick
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Adding Injustice to Injury
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

A New York court this year issued one of the most disturbing and aberrant appellate opinions of the past two decades concerning the right to refuse treatment.1 In my view, the judges ruling in Grace Plaza v. Elbaum made a series of errors: they assumed that institutions can have ethics apart from those of their physicians; they believed that both institutions and physicians are primarily motivated by money; and they approved the use of legal threats by institutions and physicians against patients and their families. In this court's idiosyncratic view, dying and medical care seem to be not about patients . . .
Failure of lndium-111 Leukocyte Scanning to Detect Nodal Involvement with Mycobacterium Avium-lntracellulare Infection in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: MICHAEL C. BACH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

An ln-111 leukocyte scan was used to evaluate fever of unknown origin in a patient with the AIDS rather than Ga- 67. The scan was normal despite an impressively positive Ga-67 scan performed 48 hours later, ln-111 should not be used to evaluate fever in patients with AIDS where mycrobacterium avium-intracellular infection is a diagnostic possibility.
Isolation and characterization of apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100 very low density lipoproteins from type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
Authors: R W Milne, P K Weech, L Blanchette, J Davignon, P Alaupovic, Y L Marcel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Two major species of human apolipoprotein (apo) B have been identified, apo B-48 and apo B-100, which are the predominant forms in chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), respectively. Due to defective hepatic clearance, apo B-48 containing lipoproteins accumulate in the plasma of subjects with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. In the present study, we have used immunoaffinity chromatography to separate type III VLDL into a nonretained (apo B-48 VLDL) and a retained (apo B-100 VLDL) fraction. To achieve complete separation, as determined by electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay, it was necessary to employ two different insolubilized anti-apo B-100 monoclonal antibodies because of immunochemical heterogeneity within the apo B-100 VLDL fraction. The ability to separate apo B-100 VLDL from apo B-48 VLDL shows that the two apo B species are found on different particles. The apo B-48 VLDL had an electrophoretic mobility similar to chylomicrons, whereas the apo B-100 VLDL migrated similarly to total type III VLDL. Both fractions showed a concentration of particles with diameters approximately 100 nm, with apo B-48 VLDL being somewhat more heterogeneous in particle size. The two fractions were qualitatively similar in apolipoprotein composition but apo B-48 VLDL was enriched in apo E, relative to apo B-100 VLDL. Apo B-48 VLDL was enriched in cholesterol esters and deficient in triglycerides and phospholipids when compared with apo B-100 VLDL. The existence of immunochemical heterogeneity in the apo B-100 VLDL may reflect different functional subpopulations of particles within this fraction.