tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unique immunobullous disease in a child with a predominantly IgA response to three desmosomal proteins
Authors: C. Gooptu, S. Mendelsohn, M. Amagai, T. Hashimoto, T. Nishikawa, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Unique immunobullous disease in a child with a predominantly IgA response to three desmosomal proteins Get access C. Gooptu, C. Gooptu Departments of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Mendelsohn, S. Mendelsohn Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Amagai, M. Amagai Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hashimoto, T. Hashimoto Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Nishikawa, T. Nishikawa Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wojnarowska F. Wojnarowska Departments of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 5, 1 November 1999, Pages 882–886, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03162.x Published: 01 November 1999
Protein phosphatase activity in human keratinocytes cultured from normal epidermis and epidermis from patients with harlequin ichthyosis
Authors: E. KAM, W. NIRUNSUKSIRI, B. HAGER, P. FLECKMAN, B.A. DALE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We investigated serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP) activity and the expression of PP2A during growth and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes in culture. Keratinocyte PP activity was strongly inhibited by calyculin A and okadaic acid. indicating that the activity was mainly due to PP2A and PP1. The phosphatase activity decreased to about 20% of the initial (day 1) level by the time of confluence and to about 10% at day 7 postconfluence. In contrast to activity. the level of expression of the PP2A catalytic subunit protein and the mRNA for the two isoforms increased slightly over the period of growth. Keratinocyte differentiation was shown by a significant increase in profilaggrin expression after confluence. Keratinocytes were also cultured from individuals affected with harlequin ichthyosis. This severe hyperkeratotic skin disorder has abnormal lipid structures and is blocked in the PP2A-dependent conversion of phosphorylated profilaggrin to the non-phosphorylated filaggrin. The PP activity in harlequin cultures was lower than in normal cultures (about 20% of the subconfluent normal control value) and decreased even further in confluent cultures. In contrast.the level of expression of the PP2A catalytic subunit protein and mRNA for the two isoforms was similar to that of normal keratinocytes and increased with confluence. These results suggest that PP activity in keratinocytes is regulated in a post-translational manner: they also support the possibility of impaired or reduced function of PPs in harlequin ichthyosis.
Renewed efforts are needed to curb antibiotic resistance
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Antibiotic resistance continues to increase in the United States and has become a serious health problem, even though physicians are writing fewer prescriptions for them. Experts said at the launch of the latest data on use and effectiveness of antibiotics in the US that the cultural norm of antibiotic stewardship needed to change.

More US citizens die of MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) than HIV infection but few people are aware of that, Ramanan Laxminarayan, director of the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, said when launching the redesigned and updated ResistanceMap report on 13 November.

Antibiotic resistance was affecting every doctor’s practice, Henry Chambers, chief of infectious disease at San Francisco General Hospital, added. You could treat a common Escherichia coli urinary tract infection with fluoroquinolones …
Neoplasms of the lung.
Authors: L Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1978)

provided that there is no special morbidity associated with its use.The experience of Sculco and Ranawat4 with spinal anaesthesia has been encouraging and this technique is now being used in Gartnavel.Our results so far indicate that when spinal anaesthesia is used the operative blood loss and the post- operative DVT rate are both reduced by about 50% compared with general anaesthesia.
A Nomogram for Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: WILIIAM R. TENCH, HUGH C. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

It appears that the nomogram, because of its predictability, has been useful, not only in patients who tend to vary their requirements, but as a tool to find the proper weekly schedule for each patient. Moreover, prothrombin times have tended to lose their peaks and valleys; adjustments have become less frequent and of much smaller degree.
Pneumonia associated with infection with pneumocystis, respiratory syncytial virus, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and cytomegalovirus in children in Papua New Guinea.
Authors: F Shann, S Walters, L L Pifer, D M Graham, I Jack, E Uren, D Birch, N D Stallman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Paired serum samples were collected from 94 children with pneumonia admitted to Goroka Hospital, Papua New Guinea. All but three of the children were aged 1-24 months. Only nine children were malnourished, with weight for age less than 70% of the Harvard median (three had weight for age less than 60% of the Harvard median). Pneumocystis carinii antigen was detected in the serum of 23 children. Twenty two children had serological evidence of recent infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Five children were probably infected with Chlamydia trachomatis at the time of the study, and there was less convincing serological evidence of current infection in a further 11 children. Five children showed a fourfold rise in antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Although only one child showed a fourfold rise in antibody to cytomegalovirus, 86 children had this antibody. No child showed a fourfold rise in antibody to Ureaplasma urealyticum or Legionella pneumophila. P carinii, respiratory syncytial virus, C trachomatis, M pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus may be important causes of pneumonia in children in developing countries.
Virulence Potential of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains Isolated From Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Albert Sotto, Gérard Lina, Jean-Louis Richard, Christophe Combescure, Gisèle Bourg, Laure Vidal, Nathalie Jourdan, Jérôme Etienne, Jean-Philippe Lavigne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The purpose of this study was to assess the virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and to discriminate noninfected from infected ulcers.Diabetic patients hospitalized in a diabetic foot department with a foot ulcer were prospectively enrolled if they had been free of antibiotic treatment over the previous 6 months. At admission, ulcers were classified as infected or noninfected on the basis of clinical examination, according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot system. Only patients carrying S. aureus as the sole pathogen were included. In individuals with a grade 1 ulcer, a second bacterial specimen was obtained 1 month later. Using virulence genotyping markers, clonality tools, and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model, we correlated the virulence of 132 S. aureus strains with grade, time of collection, and ulcer outcome.Among virulence genes, the most relevant combination derived from the logistic regression was the association of cap8, sea, sei, lukE, and hlgv (area under the curve 0.958). These markers were useful to distinguish noninfected (grade 1) from infected (grades 2-4) ulcers and to predict wound status at the follow-up. With use of the nematode model, S. aureus strains isolated from grade 1 ulcers were found to be significantly less virulent than strains from ulcers at or above grade 2 (P < 0.001).This study highlights the coexistence of two S. aureus populations on diabetic foot ulcers. A combination of five genes that may help distinguish colonized grade 1 from infected grade >or=2 wounds, predict ulcer outcome, and contribute to more appropriate use of antibiotics was discovered.
Why pay for performance may be incompatible with quality improvement
Authors: S. Woolhandler, D. Ariely, D. U. Himmelstein
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Motivation may decrease and gaming of the system is rife

In a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.e5047), Glasziou and colleagues highlight the tenuous nature of the evidence that financial reward systems work in healthcare settings.1 They propose that before pay for performance schemes are implemented the potential benefits and harms should be assessed. Such schemes, which aim to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare by the use of financial incentives to encourage desirable behaviours, have been adopted as a key strategy by the NHS in the United Kingdom, Medicare in the United States, and many private insurers. The schemes are based on a basic tenet of economics and psychology: that people respond to rewards.

Beyond the simple criticism that pay for performance can’t operate on an extended time frame and that years may elapse between treatment and outcome, the concept of pay for performance in healthcare rests on flawed assumptions about medicine, measurement, and motivation. Performance based pay may increase output for straightforward manual tasks. However, a growing body of evidence from behavioral economics and social psychology indicates that rewards can undermine motivation and worsen performance on complex cognitive tasks, especially when motivation is high to begin with.

One questionable assumption underlying pay for performance is that measurements of doctors’ performance reflect their …
Abstract A19: Targeting follicle stimulating hormone receptor in postmenopausal epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Chinmay K. Bose, Ashis Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives: Recent studies have established expression of gonadotrphin receptor especially more important Follicle Stimulating hormone Receptor (FSHR) in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), its benign and early malignant tumours. There is no explanation as yet for such unusual finding. Hence, an extensive search of concerned literatures is made to find out the probable cause of this aberrant expression. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of reports from MEDLINE/PUBMED was performed from May ′02 to June ′05 on mechanism of FSHR expression in OSE and ovarian cancer. Many reports were collected from journal and additional reports were perused from the reference lists of retrieved articles. Results: The neurotrophins (NT) including nerve growth factor (NGF) are a family of related growth factors that are of major importance in the regulation of neuronal survival and differentiation. In the ovary, they can help in follicular maturation and ovulation by inducing the FSH receptor (FSHR). NTs can be implicated as the cause of this aberrant expression of FSHR in OSE. This is because unlike other factors responsible for FSHR expression NT has central action and can lower serum FSH, as is found in such ovarian cancer. Conclusion: NGF deregulates expression of FSHR in OSE and secretion of FSH from the pituitary. This phenomenon may hold the key to the hitherto unexplained carcinogenic process of sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A19
High Levels of Hsp90 Cochaperone p23 Promote Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer by Increasing Lymph Node Metastases and Drug Resistance
Authors: Natalie E. Simpson, W. Marcus Lambert, Renecia Watkins, Shah Giashuddin, S. Joseph Huang, Ellinor Oxelmark, Rezina Arju, Tsivia Hochman, Judith D. Goldberg, Robert J. Schneider, Luiz Fernando Lima Reiz, Fernando Augusto Soares, Susan K. Logan, Michael J. Garabedian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

p23 is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) cochaperone located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus that stabilizes unliganded steroid receptors, controls the catalytic activity of certain kinases, regulates protein-DNA dynamics, and is upregulated in several cancers. We had previously shown that p23-overexpressing MCF-7 cells (MCF-7+p23) exhibit increased invasion without affecting the estrogen-dependent proliferative response, which suggests that p23 differentially regulates genes controlling processes linked to breast tumor metastasis. To gain a comprehensive view of the effects of p23 on estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent gene expression, we profiled mRNA expression from control versus MCF-7+p23 cells in the absence and presence of estrogen. A number of p23-sensitive target genes involved in metastasis and drug resistance were identified. Most striking is that many of these genes are also misregulated in invasive breast cancers, including PMP22, ABCC3, AGR2, Sox3, TM4SF1, and p8 (NUPR1). Upregulation of the ATP-dependent transporter ABCC3 by p23 conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and doxorubicin in MCF-7+p23 cells. MCF-7+p23 cells also displayed higher levels of activated Akt and an expanded phosphoproteome relative to control cells, suggesting that elevated p23 also enhances cytoplasmic signaling pathways. For breast cancer patients, tumor stage together with high cytoplasmic p23 expression more accurately predicted disease recurrence and mortality than did stage alone. High nuclear p23 was found to be associated with high cytoplasmic p23, therefore both may promote tumor progression and poor prognosis by increasing metastatic potential and drug resistance in breast cancer patients.
Press: Scions made simple
Authors: H. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Severino Antinori must be the most famous gynaecologist in the world. His plan to start human cloning by November has been universally condemned, in papers from Europe to Uruguay. The 55 year old doctor, who qualified in Rome in 1972, is not unused to making headline news. In 1994 he helped a 62 year old to conceive and go on to become the oldest woman in the world to give birth. His controversial infertility treatments have incurred the disapprobation of the international medical establishment and the wrath of the Catholic church. Ironically, Antinori's clinic is located a few hundred metres away from the Vatican.

These bare bones of a career have been rehashed in papers the world over since 7 August, when Antinori announced that he and two colleagues, Panayiotis Michael Zavos and Brigitte Boisellier, now proposed to impregnate up to 200 women with cloned embryos.

Many papers were not surprised …
Closing the evidence gap in integrative medicine
Authors: H. MacPherson, D. Peters, C. Zollman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A variety of methods of evaluating complex interventions should be considered 

Integrative medicine was recently defined as “medicine that reaffirms the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches, healthcare professionals and disciplines (conventional and complementary) to achieve optimal health and healing” (www.imconsortium.org). Such complex approaches are especially relevant in the management and prevention of chronic health problems, which are the main cause of disability and account for 78% of health expenditure.1 A session at the recent US Institute of Medicine summit on integrative medicine in Washington, DC was devoted to the science behind the integrative medicine approach to health care,2 and the subject has been debated at a recent Prince’s Foundation for Integrated Health conference at the King’s Fund, London (www.fih.org.uk).

Since the 1990s, attempts have been made to make integrative approaches more available in mainstream care. The experience of patients and clinicians might support their wider use, yet frustration is growing …
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver: Fine Needle Biopsy
Authors: ERIK HOLM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver: Fine Needle BiopsyERIK HOLM, M.D., UNNE STENRAM, M.D.ERIK HOLM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, UNNE STENRAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-496 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Baum and associates (1) described in 1973 a possible association between oral contraceptives and benign hepatoma (adenoma). However, the lesion described better fits, from a pathologic point of view, the entity "focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver" due to the presence of bile ducts in the latter condition, inter alia (2). The term "adenoma" is, however, still used by some authors (3).Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver contains large thin-walled vessels. Therefore, a contraindication has been stated in this journal and elsewhere (3, 4) for the performance of needle biopsy when this condition is suspected. It...References1. BAUMHOLTZBOOKSTEIN JFJ: Possible association between benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives. Lancet 2:926-929, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GRABOWSKISTENRAMBERGQVIST MUA: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas, oral contraceptives and other drugs affecting the liver. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 83:615-622, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SHERLOCK S: Hepatic adenomas and oral contraceptives. Gut 16:753-756, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STAUFFERLAPINSKIHONOLD JMD: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and intrahepatic hemorrhage in young women on oral contraceptives. Ann Intern Med 83:301-306, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar5. RISKAFRIMAN HC: Fatality after fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver (letter). Br Med J 1:517, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. : Carcinogenicity Tests of Oral Contraceptives. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1972 Google Scholar2. LINGEMAN C: Liver-cell neoplasms and oral contraceptives (letter). Lancet 1:64, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathology University Hospital S-221 85 Lund, Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 496-497KeywordsAdenomasBile ductsBiopsyHepatocellular carcinomaLesionsLiverOral contraceptive therapy Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gypsy-Moth-Caterpillar Dermatitis
Authors: Steven K. Shama, Paul H. Etkind, Thomas M. Odell, Andrew T. Canada, Amy M. Finn, Nicholas A. Soter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In the spring of 1981, the northeastern part of the United States had a massive infestation by the gypsy moth caterpillar Lymantria dispar. Coincidently with this infestation, thousands of cases of an unusual pruritic dermatitis were reported to public-health officials, and many articles on the subject appeared in the press. The mild to moderately pruritic eruption was variably described as blotchy redness, erythematous papules, urticarial papules, and linear streaks, and it was noted in both covered and uncovered areas, especially those of the upper and lower extremities. Almost all cases resolved within a few days to two weeks.Evidence implicating . . .
Mitral Leaflet Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tomasz A. Timek, David T. Lai, Paul Dagum, David Liang, George T. Daughters, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Normal mammalian mitral leaflets have regional heterogeneity of biochemical composition, collagen fiber orientation, and geometric deformation. How leaflet shape and regional geometry are affected in dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown. Methods and Results— Nine sheep had 8 radio-opaque markers affixed to the mitral annulus (MA), 4 markers sewn on the central meridian of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) forming 4 distinct segments S 1 to S 4 and 2 on the posterior leaflet (PML) forming 2 distinct segments S 5 and S 6 . Biplane videofluoroscopy and echocardiography were performed before and after rapid pacing (180 to 230 bpm for 15±6 days) sufficient to develop tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Leaflet tethering was defined as change of displacement of AML and PML edge markers from the MA plane from baseline values while leaflet length was obtained by summing the segments between respective leaflet markers. With TIC, total AML and PML length increased significantly (2.11±0.16 versus 2.43±0.23 cm and 1.14±0.27 versus 1.33±0.25 cm before and after pacing for AML and PML, respectively; P &lt;0.05 for both), but only segments near the edge of each leaflet (S 4 lengthened by 23±17% and S 5 by 24±18%; P &lt;0.05 for both) had significant regional remodeling. AML shape did not change and no leaflet tethering was observed. Conclusion— TIC was not associated with leaflet tethering or shape change, but both anterior and posterior leaflets lengthened because of significant remodeling localized near the leaflet edge. Leaflet remodeling accompanies mitral regurgitation in cardiomyopathy and casts doubt on FMR being purely “functional” in etiology.
Shoot development in plants: time for a change
Authors: Emily J.R. Lawson, R. Scott Poethig
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1995)

The shoot system in plants progresses through several discrete phases during its development. Changes in the timing of these phases have important consequences for the morphogenesis of the shoot and are likely to be important in plant evolution. Genetic analysis of phase change in herbaceous plants, such as maize and Arabidopsis, has defined some of the genes involved in this phenomenon and has suggested a model for the regulation of this key feature of plant development.
450. Combination of Fas Gene Therapy and Ceramide Analogues: A Double Edge Sword for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Saeed N. Elojeimy, John C. McKillop, Ahmed M. El-Zawahry, David A. Schwartz, David H. Holman, Xiang Liu, Terry Day, Alicja Bielawska, Yusuf A. Hannun, James S. Norris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)