tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urologic Surgery: Diagnosis, Techniques and Postoperative Treatment
Authors: Richard G. Middleton
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This large volume, translated from German, is a remarkable atlas of urologic surgery. It is profusely illustrated with drawings of the step-by-step technique of most common and uncommon urologic operations. There are 1,196 drawings, all good, and the emphasis is definitely on the pictorial description of surgical procedures. There are, for example, 24 illustrations in the section on bladder diverticulectomy, 24 for partial nephrectomy, and 21 drawings of the steps in radical nephrectomy. All endoscopic surgery is omitted. There is very little pediatric urologic surgery, and renal transplantation is not mentioned.  The text is brief, and the authors presume that the reader has a background in anatomy and surgery. Indications for various procedures, preoperative preparation, postoperative care, and the avoidance and management of complications are discussed briefly and interestingly, but there is no attempt to make such discussions thorough. One detects some curious philosophical differences between European and American surgeons,
Microembolism during Foam Sclerotherapy of Varicose Veins
Authors: Roeland P.M. Ceulen, Anja Sommer, Kevin Vernooy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Microembolism during Foam Sclerotherapy of Varicose VeinsTo the Editor: Chronic venous insufficiency is a common disease in adulthood.One recently developed therapy for varicose veins is foam sclerotherapy. 1 We used foam sclerotherapy in a 51-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman who had symptomatic varicose great saphenous veins and were otherwise healthy.Immediately after the initiation of treatment, transient scotomas developed in the man, and a migraine attack in the woman.On the basis of these observations, we decided to monitor by echocardiography the foam distribution during foam sclerotherapy in 33 consecutive patients with chronic venous insufficiency.The treatment in each patient was carried out according to European consensus guidelines. 2 Briefly, patients received a single injection of 5 ml of 1% polidocanol foam (air-to-liquid ratio, 4:1).The foam was injected with the patient's leg slightly elevated, while the saphenofemoral junction was manually compressed until full vasospasm occurred and blood-flow velocity in the great saphenous vein decreased to zero.In all patients studied, we detected foam microemboli in both the right atrium and ventricle between 45 seconds and 15 minutes after foam injection (Fig. 1A).In five patients, microembolism was also detectable in the left atrium and ventricle (Fig. 1B); however, neurologic signs did not develop in any of them.Careful echocardiographic examination of these five patients showed a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale.Because the neurologic symptoms observed in the two index patients could have reflected adverse effects of foam sclerotherapy due to a rightto-left shunt, we subsequently examined both patients by echocardiography and detected a patent foramen ovale in each.These findings suggest that foam-induced microembolism is a common phenomenon during foam sclerotherapy.The prevalence of patent foramen ovale, which can be a source of paradoxical embolism, is approximately 26% in the general population. 3Still, serious neurologic symptoms after foam sclerotherapy, which include scotomas, migraine, and stroke, occur in only 2% or less of patients. 4,5Thus, the findings in our cohort are in line with previous reports.Although the overall number of neurologic adverse effects during foam sclerotherapy might be underestimated, it appears that neurologic complications develop in relatively few patients with right-to-left shunts and foam microembolism.Nevertheless, we suggest that caution be exercised when foam sclerotherapy is performed in patients with a known patent foramen ovale and that patients with overt neurologic symptoms undergo an additional echocardiographic examination for the presence of a patent foramen ovale.Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate and confirm our observations.
Neuropsychological Sequelae and Impaired Health Status in Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: RAMONA O. HOPKINS, LINDELL K. WEAVER, DONNA POPE, JAMES F. ORME, ERIN D. BIGLER, VALERIE LARSON-LOHR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease of acute respiratory failure manifested by severe hypoxemia with a high mortality rate. Previous outcome studies of ARDS have assessed survival and/or pulmonary function as the primary outcome variables. Cognitive or psychological outcomes following ARDS have not been described, despite the possibility that ARDS patients are at risk for brain injury through hypoxemia or other mechanisms. In the current study 55 consecutive ARDS survivors completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires regarding health status, cognitive and psychological outcomes at the time of hospital discharge and 1 yr after onset of ARDS. At hospital discharge, 100% (55 of 55) of survivors exhibited cognitive and affective impairments, as well as problems with health status which affected their quality of life. At 1 yr after ARDS, 17 of 55 (30%) patients still exhibited generalized cognitive decline. Forty-three of 55 (78%) patients had all or at least one of the following: impaired memory, attention, concentration and/or decreased mental processing speed. One year after ARDS a substantial portion of ARDS survivors exhibit impaired health status and cognitive sequelae which may be due to hypoxemia, emboli, inflammation, drug toxicity, and/or other etiologies.
Rheumatoid arthritis and food: a case study.
Authors: A L Parke, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Clinical and laboratory studies in a patient whose rheumatoid arthritis appeared to be exacerbated by dairy produce showed that challenge with milk and cheese resulted in a produced increase in synovitis and changes in immune complexes, IgE antibodies, and heat-damaged red cell clearance rates. Exclusion of dairy products from the diet produced a considerable improvement in her previously aggressive disease.
Hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone in human scalp hair folhcles
Authors: A.J.M. VERMORKEN, C.M.A.A. GOOS, P.TH. HENDERSON, H. BLOEMENDAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The dehydroepiandrosterone hydroxylating enzyme system in the hair follicle has been characterized. It is found in the particulate fraction of the follicle, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide and the cytochrome P450 inhibitor metyrapone, and appears to be dependent upon NADPH. In these major characteristics the hair follicle enzyme is very similar to the liver monooxygenase system.
Abstract 4605: STK17A is a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma
Authors: Pingping Mao, Mary P. Jardine, Gilbert J. Rahme, Eric C. Yang, Janice Tam, Anita Kodali, Bijesh Biswal, Camilo E. Fadul, Arti B. Gaur, Mark A. Israel, Alexandre Pletnev, Michael Spinella
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Current targeted therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) fail to significantly improve clinical outcome. Identifying new molecular targets driving GBM tumorigenesis is imperative. Our previous study demonstrated that STK17A, a serine-threonine kinase in the death-associated protein family, is a bona fide p53 target gene. In silico analyses indicated that STK17A is highly overexpressed in GBM patients in a tumor grade-dependent manner. Furthermore, high STK17A expression correlated with poor clinical outcome and decreased survival of patients from multiple datasets. This correlation was independent of age, tumor subtype and known biomarkers such as EGFR, NF1, and IDH, suggesting STK17A may contribute to GBM development and progression. In vitro experiments confirmed increased mRNA and protein expression of STK17A in GBM cells compared to immortalized normal human astrocytes and other cancer types. ShRNA mediated STK17A knockdown in GBM cells decreased cell survival and sensitized cells to genotoxic stress. In addition, STK17A knockdown led to reduced tumor cell proliferation and clonogenicity, suggesting a tumor-promoting role for STK17A in GBM. Interestingly, STK17A depletion resulted in a cell morphological change from a spindle-like phenotype to a phenotype with a flattened, enlarged and more rounded shape that was associated with induction of actin stress fibers. This cytoskeleton remodeling was associated with impaired cell migration and invasion. In contrast STK17A overexpressing cells displayed a pronounced needle-like elongated phenotype. In addition genome-wide expression analysis of STK17A knockdown GBM cells revealed regulation of genes involved in glycolysis including PKM2, PGAM1 and HK2, suggesting that STK17A may also promote tumor growth and survival through regulating metabolism. Small molecule inhibitors that block the kinase activity of STK17A decreased cell survival of GBM cells cultured under both serum and serum-free conditions. Further investigation is required to understand the precise role of STK17A in GBM. Citation Format: Pingping Mao, Mary P. Jardine, Gilbert J. Rahme, Eric C. Yang, Janice Tam, Anita Kodali, Bijesh Biswal, Camilo E. Fadul, Arti B. Gaur, Mark A. Israel, Alexandre Pletnev, Michael Spinella. STK17A is a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4605. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4605
Assessment of allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: an agenda for future research.
Authors: MaryJane K Selgrade, Ian Kimber, Lynn Goldman, Dori R Germolec
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Speakers and participants in the workshop "Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods" met in breakout groups to discuss a number of issues including needs for future research. These groups agreed that research should progress quickly in the area of hazard identification and that a need exists for more basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying food allergy. A list of research needs was developed.
Characterization of Cardiac Sarcoma With 2- and 3-Dimensional Echocardiography, Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sanjeev Bhattacharyya, Isabelle Roussin, Sanjay Prasad, Tapesh Pakrashi, Rajdeep Khattar, Ian Judson, Alexander R. Lyon, Mary N. Sheppard, Roxy Senior
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Self dialysis and video consultations feature in report on innovative care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> <i>TMEM132D</i> is a human gene identified with multiple risk alleles for panic disorders, anxiety and major depressive disorders. Belonging to a conserved family of transmembrane proteins, TMEM132D and its homologs are still of unknown molecular functions. By generating loss-of-function mutants of the sole TMEM132 ortholog in <i>C. elegans</i>, we identify abnormal morphologic phenotypes in the dopaminergic PDE neurons. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we find that NAP1 directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of human TMEM132D, and mutations in <i>C. elegans tmem-132</i> that disrupt the interaction with NAP1 cause similar morphologic defects in the PDE neurons. NAP1 is a component of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) that controls F-actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Decreasing activity of WRC rescues the PDE defects in <i>tmem-132</i> mutants, whereas gain-of-function of <i>TMEM132D</i> in mammalian cells inhibits WRC, leading to decreased abundance of selective WRC components, impaired actin nucleation and cell motility. We propose that metazoan TMEM132 family proteins play evolutionarily conserved roles in regulating NAP1 protein homologs to restrict inappropriate WRC activity, cytoskeletal and morphologic changes in the cell.
The Clinical Status of Hypophosphatemia
Authors: James P. Knochel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Elsewhere in this issue, Aubier and his associates report their observations on eight patients with hypophosphatemia-related diaphragm weakness and pulmonary insufficiency that improved after administration of potassium phosphate.1 An ever-increasing number of case reports have described respiratory muscle failure in critically ill patients with severe hypophosphatemia. The work of Aubier et al. supports the concept that hypophosphatemia may be a treatable cause of respiratory insufficiency.Profound muscle weakness with phosphorus depletion has been well described in both human beings and animals. Indeed, if one induces acute hypophosphatemia by hyperalimentation in an animal that has previously been subjected to weight loss . . .
TCT-288 Risk of bleeding among diabetic patients treated with drug-eluting stents for coronary artery disease: 5-year results from CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2
Authors: Tomohisa Tada, Yutaka Furukawa, Kazushige Kadota, Takeshi Kimura, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Koh Ono
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Phase I Study of Bryostatin 1 and Fludarabine in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Indolent (Non-Hodgkin's) Lymphoma
Authors: John D. Roberts, Mitchell R. Smith, Eric J. Feldman, Louise Cragg, Michael M. Millenson, Gail J. Roboz, Connie Honeycutt, Rose Thune, Kristin Padavic-Shaller, W. Hans Carter, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Anthony J. Murgo, Steven Grant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Preclinical studies suggested that bryostatin 1 might potentiate the therapeutic effects of fludarabine in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We undertook a phase I study to identify appropriate schedules and doses of bryostatin 1 and fludarabine to be used in phase II studies. Experimental Design: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or indolent lymphoma received fludarabine daily for 5 days and a single dose of bryostatin 1 via a 24-hour continuous infusion either before or after the fludarabine course. Doses were escalated in successive patients until recommended phase II doses for each sequence were identified on the basis of dose-limiting toxic events. Results: Bryostatin 1 can be administered safely and tolerably with full dose fludarabine (25 mg/m2/d × 5). The recommended bryostatin 1 phase II dose is 50 μg/m2 for both sequences, bryostatin 1 → fludarabine and fludarabine → bryostatin 1. The combination is active against both CLL and indolent lymphomas with responses seen in patients who had been previously treated with fludarabine. Correlative studies do not support the hypothesis that bryostatin 1 potentiates fludarabine activity through down-regulation of protein kinase C in target cells. Conclusions: Bryostatin 1 can be administered with full dose fludarabine, and the combination is moderately active in patients with persistent disease following prior treatment. In view of the activity of monoclonal antibodies such as the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in the treatment of CLL and indolent lymphomas, the concept of combining bryostatin 1 and fludarabine with rituximab warrants future consideration.
Studies show the obese may prefer fats to sweets
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Just a spoonful of sugar helps the dietary fat go down. According to recent research, people who claim to dislike any bovine-derived beverage except skim milk express a strong preference for heavy cream spiked with a dollop of sucrose. These findings were presented by Adam Drewnowski, PhD, assistant professor, Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York City, and M.R.C. Greenwood, PhD, professor of biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, at the recent Chicago meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). In their study, Drewnowski and Greenwood administered chilled milk products—skim milk, with 0.1% fat; whole milk, with 3.5% fat; half-and-half, with 11.7% fat; heavy cream, with 37.6% fat; and heavy cream plus 15% safflower oil added to boost its fat content to 52.6% —to five male and 11 female under-graduates of normal weight. In randomized order each drink was given alone and mixed with
Potential Health Risks of Air Pollution Beyond Triggering Acute Cardiopulmonary Events
Authors: Robert D. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Andrea Baccarelli, MD; Ida Martinelli, MD; Antonella Zanobetti, PhD; Paolo Grillo, MD; Li-Fang Hou, PhD; Pier A. Bertazzi, MD; Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, MD; Joel Schwartz, PhD<h3>Background</h3>Particulate air pollution has been linked to heart disease and stroke, possibly resulting from enhanced coagulation and arterial thrombosis. Whether particulate air pollution exposure is related to venous thrombosis is unknown.<h3>Methods</h3> We examined the association of exposure to particulate matter of less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM<sub>10</sub>) with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk in 870 patients and 1210 controls from the Lombardy region in Italy, who were examined between 1995 and 2005. We estimated exposure to PM<sub>10</sub> in the year before DVT diagnosis (cases) or examination (controls) through area-specific mean levels obtained from ambient monitors. <h3>Results</h3> Higher mean PM<sub>10</sub> level in the year before the examination was associated with shortened prothrombin time (PT) in DVT cases (standardized regression coefficient [β] = −0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.23 to 0.00) (P = .04) and controls (β = −0.06; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.00) (P = .04). Each increase of 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in PM<sub>10</sub> was associated with a 70% increase in DVT risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.23) (P &lt; .001) in models adjusting for clinical and environmental covariates. The exposure-response relationship was approximately linear over the observed PM<sub>10</sub> range. The association between PM<sub>10</sub> level and DVT risk was weaker in women (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.92) (P = .02 for the interaction between PM<sub>10</sub> and sex), particularly in those using oral contraceptives or hormone therapy (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.61) (P = .048 for the interaction between PM<sub>10</sub> level and hormone use). <h3>Conclusions</h3>Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with altered coagulation function and DVT risk. Other risk factors for DVT may modulate the effect of particulate air pollution.
A CASE OF BILATERAL RENAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Abraham Strachstein
Journal: JAMA (1923)

J. S., a man, aged 29, single, salesman, referred to me by Dr. M. H. Hazay, May 25, 1921, had never had urinary or any other disease. About three years ago his attention was called to the fact that the urine appeared bloody; since it caused him no inconvenience whatsoever, he did nothing to relieve the condition. The family history was negative. Recently he applied for a life insurance policy, and was rejected because of hematuria. The patient never had any renal colic, never noticed any gravel in the urine, and was free from any symptoms except the blood from the genitourinary tract. Cystoscopic examination disclosed neither growth nor stones; the bladder mucosa was moderately engorged with both ureter openings perfectly normal except for the appearance of blood-tinged urine oozing from the two sides alike. Laboratory examination of catheterized specimens<sup>1</sup>showed a large amount of blood present, but no
Interacting alleles of the coinhibitory immunoreceptor genes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell-death 1 influence risk and features of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Erik M. Schlicht, Brooke L. Fridley, Gloria M. Petersen, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) result from failure in the immune mechanisms that establish and maintain self-tolerance. Evidence suggests that these processes are shared among the spectrum of autoimmune syndromes and are likely genetically determined. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell-death 1 (PDCD1) are two genes encoding coinhibitory immunoreceptors that harbor polymorphisms with demonstrated associations to multiple autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two genes for association with PBC. SNPs in CTLA4 and PDCD1 were genotyped in 351 PBC patients and 205 controls. Allele and genotype frequencies were evaluated for association with PBC and/or antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity with logistic regression. Haplotypes were inferred with an expectation-maximization algorithm, and allelic interaction was analyzed by logistic regression modeling. Individual SNPs demonstrated no association to PBC. However, the GG genotype of CTLA4 49AG was significantly associated with AMA positivity among the PBC patients. Also, individual SNPs and a haplotype of CTLA4 as well as a rare genotype of the PDCD1 SNP PD1.3 were associated with orthotopic liver transplantation. As well, we identified the influence of an interaction between the putatively autoimmune-protective CTLA4 49AG:CT60 AA haplotype and autoimmune-risk PDCD1 PD1.3 A allele on development of PBC. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate the complex nature of the genetically induced risk of PBC and emphasize the importance of considering definable subphenotypes of disease, such as AMA positivity, or definitive measures of disease severity/progression, like orthotopic liver transplantation, when genetic analyses are being performed. Comprehensive screening of genes involved with immune function will lead to a greater understanding of the genetic component of autoimmunity in PBC while furthering our understanding of the pathogenic properties of this enigmatic disease. (Hepatology 2007.)
George Adam Newsholme
Authors: D. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

George was the son of Henry Newsholme, medical officer of health for Birmingham and professor of public health at the university. His grandfather, Sir Arthur Newsholme, had been one of the pioneers of public health.

Having qualified as an exhibitioner at Cambridge, George completed his clinical medicine in Birmingham and intended to train as a physician. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Germany …
Study suggests vaginal hysterectomy is safer
Authors: B. Bolsen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

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