tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review Prepared for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Catherine Dubé, Alaa Rostom, Gabriela Lewin, Alexander Tsertsvadze, Nicholas Barrowman, Catherine Code, Margaret Sampson, David Moher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Aspirin for prevention of colorectal cancer is controversial. Purpose: To examine the benefits and harms of aspirin chemoprevention. Data Sources: MEDLINE, 1966 to December 2006; EMBASE, 1980 to April 2005; CENTRAL, Cochrane Collaboration's registry of clinical trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study Selection: Two independent reviewers conducted multilevel screening to identify randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), case–control studies, and cohort studies of aspirin chemoprophylaxis. For harms, systematic reviews were sought. Data Extraction: In duplicate, data were abstracted and checked and quality was assessed. Data Synthesis: Regular use of aspirin reduced the incidence of colonic adenomas in RCTs (relative risk [RR], 0.82 [95% CI, 0.7 to 0.95]), case–control studies (RR, 0.87 [CI, 0.77 to 0.98]), and cohort studies (RR, 0.72 [CI, 0.61 to 0.85]). In cohort studies, regular use of aspirin was associated with RR reductions of 22% for incidence of colorectal cancer. Two RCTs of low-dose aspirin failed to show a protective effect. Data for colorectal cancer mortality were limited. Benefits from chemoprevention were more evident when aspirin was used at a high dose and for periods longer than 10 years. Aspirin use was associated with a dose-related increase in incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Limitations: Important clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the definitions of regular use, dose, and duration of use of aspirin necessitated careful grouping for analysis. Conclusions: Aspirin appears to be effective at reducing the incidence of colonic adenoma and colorectal cancer, especially if used in high doses for more than 10 years. However, the possible harms of such a practice require careful consideration. Further evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of chemoprevention compared with, and in combination with, a screening strategy is required.
The Japanese multicenter open randomized trial of ursodeoxycholic acid prophylaxis for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kazuteru Ohashi, Juichi Tanabe, Reiko Watanabe, Takeshi Tanaka, Hisashi Sakamaki, Atsuo Maruta, Shinichiro Okamoto, Nobuyuki Aotsuka, Kenji Saito, Miki Nishimura, Hakumei Oh, Michio Matsuzaki, Satoshi Takahashi, Shuji Yonekura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a common transplant-related complication of stem cell transplantation. There is no safe and proven therapy for established VOD, and attempts have focused on its prevention. Limited studies have suggested that prophylactic use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) reduced the incidence of VOD. To confirm the preventive effect of UDCA on VOD, we conducted a prospective, unblinded randomized, multicenter study of UDCA involving 132 patients who underwent stem cell transplantation for a variety of disorders. Sixty-seven patients were assigned to the UDCA-treated group, and 65 patients were assigned to the control group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar with respect to primary diagnosis, age, sex, and baseline organ function. The preparative regimen and GVHD prophylaxis did not differ significantly between the two groups. UDCA was highly effective in preventing VOD, which occurred in only 3.0% in the UDCA-treated group, as opposed to 18.5% in the control group (P = 0.0043). There were no adverse effects attributable to UDCA. The initial promising report of a prophylactic effect of UDCA on VOD after stem cell transplantation was confirmed in this prospective study. Am. J. Hematol. 64:32–38, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Criterion Approach to Patient Care Evaluation
Authors: GARY L. TISCHLER, DONALD C. RIEDEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe the application of a criterion-oriented approach to evaluating the quality of patient care in community mental health centers. The basic approach included a review of the care-giving process by a group of expert clinicians, formulation of criteria, their transformation into a "decision-tree" mechanism, and validation through pattern analysis and follow-up studies.
Why a 1940s medical committee should not be forgotten
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2001)

“One of my teachers said to me, ‘Hart, you've got to make up your mind. Do you want to work in research or have a Rolls Royce?’ I decided I wouldn't get a Rolls Royce because I didn't think I was good enough.” So research it was.

It was this self effacing assessment, made in the 1930s, that helped to propel Philip D'Arcy Hart out of his job as a consultant physician at University College Hospital and into a post at the Medical Research Council (MRC). More than 60 years on, looking back at the decision, he can take a dual pleasure in it. The choice was professionally fruitful, and D'Arcy Hart's longevity—he celebrated his 101st birthday in June—has given him a unusually long period over which to enjoy those fruits.

In his early days with the MRC he investigated the health of coal miners. “It was known that miners who worked in rock got silicosis. Men who worked at the ordinary coal face, hewing coal, also had lesions that killed them. But they weren't compensated. With war coming, the government knew it would need the support of the miners. So it decided on some science that would keep them content.”

D'Arcy Hart's report …
Effects of Antihypertensive Therapy on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and on Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Rafael Kuperstein, Zion Sasson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Glucose and insulin levels are associated with left ventricular mass (LVM) in insulin-resistant individuals. Antihypertensive drugs have different effects on glucose and insulin metabolism (GIM) and on LVM. To evaluate whether the effects of antihypertensive therapy on LVM are associated with its effects on GIM, we compared the effects of atenolol and perindopril on these parameters in a group of insulin-resistant, obese hypertensives. Methods and Results —A total of 21 obese, nondiabetic hypertensives who were aged 55±12 years, had a body mass index of 32.8±5.0 kg/m 2 , were free of coronary or valvular heart disease, and had normal LV function were randomized to treatment with atenolol (n=11) or perindopril (n=10). Echocardiographic LVM corrected for height (LVM/height) and GIM (3-hour intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured after 4 to 6 weeks of washout and 6 months of treatment. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Atenolol and perindopril effectively reduced blood pressure (from 149±13/98±4 to 127±8/82±6 mm Hg and from 148±9/98±4 to 129±9/82±6 mm Hg, respectively, for the atenolol and perindopril groups; P =0.002). Atenolol significantly worsened GIM parameters, fasting glucose levels (5.3±0.9 to 6.0±1.5 mmol/L; P =0.003), fasting insulin levels (121±121 to 189±228 pmol/L; P =0.03), and most other relevant metabolic measures ( P &lt;0.05 for all). Perindopril did not affect GIM. Atenolol did not affect LVM/height (119±12 to 120±17 g/m; P =0.8), whereas perindopril significantly reduced LVM/height (120±13 to 111±19 g/m; P =0.04). Conclusions —In obese, hypertensive individuals, adequate and similar blood pressure control was achieved with perindopril and atenolol. However, perindopril but not atenolol was associated with a more favorable GIM profile and led to a significant regression of LVM.
A practical approach to timing cord clamping in resource poor settings
Authors: Patrick F van Rheenen, Bernard J Brabin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

There is little agreement among doctors and midwives about the optimal time to clamp the umbilical cord after birth. The most important points of difference relate to maternal and infant safety. Many healthcare workers worldwide tend to clamp the cord and pass the baby off as quickly as possible. Infants in resource poor settings are the main victims of immediate clamping, as this prevents a cost-free means of boosting their small iron stores.

Infant anaemia is common in poor communities, especially where malaria is endemic. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 75% of infants are anaemic before 6 months of age.w1-w3 Infant anaemia is associated with increased mortalityw4 w5 and with impaired mental and motor development.w6 Its prevention is of critical importance, and delaying clamping of the umbilical cord could be an effective strategy to reduce anaemia and improve child survival.

We propose a practice guideline on cord clamping for resource poor countries for singleton vaginal deliveries, based on published systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, and biological evidence. Taking account of the safety of mothers and infants, we provide evidence about inclusion and exclusion criteria for delayed cord clamping, optimal timing of clamping, infant position during placental-fetal transfusion, and potential side effects. We present the evidence as a series of structured clinical questions, which identify the population concerned (mothers and infants from resource poor countries), the options being compared (mostly delayed versus immediate cord clamping), and the outcome measures used to measure effectiveness and safety of delayed cord clamping. We also present a practical and simple flow chart for quick reference.

### Is delayed cord clamping associated with improved haematological status in infancy?

Four randomised controlled trials, all from developing countries, evaluated haemoglobin concentrations in term infants 2-4 months after birth.2–5 Meta-analysis showed that haemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher after delayed cord clamping (317 infants, weighted mean …
A novel in vivo siRNA delivery system specifically targeting dendritic cells and silencing CD40 genes for immunomodulation
Authors: Xiufen Zheng, Costin Vladau, Xusheng Zhang, Motohiko Suzuki, Thomas E. Ichim, Zhu-Xu Zhang, Mu Li, Ewa Carrier, Bertha Garcia, Anthony M. Jevnikar, Wei-Ping Min
Journal: Blood (2009)
Quantitation of some Pancreatic Juice Exocrine Proteins in the Presence of Radiocontrast Medium used in Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (ERP)
Authors: W.H. Marks, L. Wehlin, K. Ohlsson, C. Russick
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The endoscopic collection of human pancreatic juice for chemical analysis is facilitated by the use of radiocontrast media. However, the effects of this material on pancreatic juice and the techniques used to analyze its proteins are unknown. This study has demonstrated no detrimental effects of a commonly used contrast medium on the pancreatic juice itself or on the analytic technique of radioimmunoassay and radial immunodiffusion. Likewise, the Phadebas enzymatic technique for amylase was not affected by this material. We conclude that techniques for the collection of pure pancreatic juice using radiocontrast material do not interfere with the analysis of pancreatic juice proteins using the techniques described.
Abstract 13: Chemical genomics identifies MCL1 repressors and resistance mechanism
Authors: Guo Wei, Adam Margolin, Emily Brown, Lisa Cucolo, Nicolas Stransky, Jordi Barretina, Levi Garraway, Rameen Beroukhim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Dysregulated apoptotic mechanisms are central to the pathogenesis and maintenance of cancer, and are major barriers to effective treatment. The BCL2 gene family, comprised of both pro- and anti-apoptotic members, controls the intrinsic activation of apoptosis. Amplification of one of the anti-apoptotic members of this pathway, MCL1, constitutes one of the most frequent somatic genetic events in cancer. However, the design of small molecules targeting MCL1 has proven difficult, and the genomic determinants of MCL1 dependence are not well-understood. Furthermore, the contribution of MCL1 regulation in current chemotherapy drug action remains undefined. We therefore developed a chemical genomic approach to identify repressors of MCL1. We measured gene expression levels of all BCL2 family members upon treatment with 2,922 small molecules, including the majority of FDA-approved drugs. We indentified several small molecules inhibiting MCL1 expression, including a few widely used chemotherapy drugs and a natural product triptolide. Those compounds all share similar apoptotic profile when they were tested in panels of cell lines. Genomic profiling indicated that those compounds were global transcriptional repressors (TR). Nevertheless, MCL1 was among the most repressed genes. To further define the contribution of MCL1 repression by those TR compounds, we compared the sensitivity to TRs and MCL1 knockdown. Sensitivity to all TRs correlated with sensitivity to MCL1 knockdown by shRNA; and there is no additive effect of TRs and MCL1 shRNAs. Furthermore, ectopic expression of physiological levels of MCL1 rescued cells from TRs. Triptolide was able to inhibit tumor growth and promote survival in a mouse xenograft model that is sensitive to TR in vitro. Whole genome expression analysis revealed genomic features that correlated with sensitivity to these compounds and to MCL1 shRNAs, and may shed light on biomarker selection when targeting MCL1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 13. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-13
Cardiovascular Safety of β3-adrenoceptor Agonists for the Treatment of Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Gian Marco Rosa, Simone Ferrero, Victor W. Nitti, Adrian Wagg, Tahir Saleem, Christopher R. Chapple
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms. Because β3-adrenoceptors are expressed in cardiovascular (CV) tissues, there are concerns that OAB treatment with β3-adrenoceptor agonists may affect the heart and vasculature. To provide a summary of CV effects of β3-adrenoceptor agonists in clinical studies. A systematic literature search from inception until November 2014 was performed on studies in PubMed and Medline. Twenty papers, published between 1994 and 2014, were identified: mirabegron (16), solabegron (2), AK-677 (1), and BRL35135 (1). More detailed CV data from mirabegron studies were available in online regulatory documents filed with the US Food and Drug Administration and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The CV safety of mirabegron appears to be acceptable at therapeutic doses and comparable with that of antimuscarinic agents, currently first-line therapy for OAB. In this review we looked at the cardiovascular (CV) effects of β3-adrenoceptor agonists used for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). The CV safety of mirabegron (the only clinically approved β3-adrenoceptor agonist) appears to be acceptable at therapeutic doses and comparable with that of antimuscarinic agents, the current first-line therapy for OAB.
Mapping a cardiomyopathy locus to chromosome 3p22-p25.
Authors: T M Olson, M T Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common disorder characterized by cardiac dilation and reduced systolic function. To identify a cardiomyopathy gene, we studied a family with DCM associated with sinus node dysfunction, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, conduction delay, and stroke. A general linkage approach was used to localize the disease gene in this family. Linkage to D3S2303 was identified with a two-point lod score of 6.09 at a recombination fraction of 0.00. Haplotype analyses mapped this locus to a 30 cM region of chromosome 3p22-p25, excluding candidate genes encoding a G-protein (GNAI2), calcium channel (CACNL1A2), sodium channel (SCN5A), and inositol triphosphate receptor (ITPR1). These data indicate that a gene causing DCM associated with rhythm and conduction abnormalities is located on chromosome 3p, and represent the first step toward disease gene identification.
Necrolytic migratory erythema-like eruption in zinc deficiency associated with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: E. Delaporte, B. Catteau, F. Piette
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Necrolytic migratory erythema‐like eruption in zinc deficiency associated with alcoholic liver disease Get access E. Delaporte, E. Delaporte Department of Dermatology, Claude‐Huriez Hospital, University Hospital Centre, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Catteau, B. Catteau Department of Dermatology, Claude‐Huriez Hospital, University Hospital Centre, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Piette F. Piette Department of Dermatology, Claude‐Huriez Hospital, University Hospital Centre, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1 December 1997, Pages 1027–1028, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01583.x Published: 01 December 1997
Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: André Pascal Kengne, Albert G.B. Amoah, Jean-Claude Mbanya
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Cardiovascular disease, the major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern societies, is set to overtake infectious diseases in the developing world as the most common cause of death. The increasing prevalence of major and emerging cardiovascular risk factors accounts for the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the world. Diabetes in all its forms is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Two of 3 diabetic patients will die as a result of cardiovascular complications, and approximately 30% of patients treated in cardiovascular intensive care units have diabetes.This review on the cardiovascular complications of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa is a bibliographical MEDLINE search of published data over the past 2 decades. Diabetes-related cardiovascular disease complications are considered to be rare in Africa but are on the rise and are regularly associated with classic cardiovascular risk factors. Coronary heart disease may affect 5% to 8% of type 2 diabetic patients and cardiomyopathy, up to 50% of all patients. Close to 15% of patients with stroke have diabetes, and up to 5% of diabetic patients present with cerebrovascular accidents at diagnosis. Peripheral vascular disease prevalence varies across sites from 4% to 28%.It is obvious that diabetes mellitus and related cardiovascular complications are gaining more importance in sub-Saharan Africa. The relative contribution of putative risk factors is not well defined, and further research is therefore needed.
Unapproved Drugs in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: William Franklin, Francis C. Lowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Beclomethasone — a Case in PointDespite the use of all other measures, asthmatic patients in the tens of thousands require prolonged treatment with glucocorticoids to prevent disability or even death. In these patients alternate-day regimens may fail to control the disease, and many suffer serious side effects. Dexamethasone aerosol has been administered topically to the airways with limited success, but some is inevitably swallowed and absorbed, producing adrenal suppression and other steroid side effects.For over three years, wide use of beclomethasone aerosol in England has revolutionized the management of asthma. This steroid, many times more potent topically than . . .
Effects of endotoxin and dexamethasone on group I and II phospholipase A2 in rat ileum and stomach.
Authors: I Lilja, J Dimberg, R Sjodahl, C Tagesson, C Gustafson-Svard
Journal: Gut (1994)

Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) is a key enzyme in inflammation and is thought to play an important part in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the nature and regulation of phospholipase A2 activity in the gastrointestinal mucosa, the distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for group II phospholipase A2 in various parts of the rat gastrointestinal tract was studied, as well as the influence of endotoxin or dexamethasone, or both, on the group I and II phospholipase A2 mRNA expression and activity in the rat glandular stomach and distal ileum. The results show that (a) group II phospholipase A2 is present along the whole gastrointestinal tract, but in particularly large amounts in the distal ileum, (b) endotoxin increases group II, but not group I, phospholipase A2 mRNA expression in the glandular stomach and distal ileum, and (c) dexamethasone reduces the endotoxin induced increases in group II phospholipase mRNA expression and activity in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These findings suggest that phospholipase A2 of type II is a mediator of endotoxin effects in the gastrointestinal mucosa and that its expression at the mRNA level can be inhibited by corticosteroids.
Identification of a Salmonellosis Outbreak by Means of Molecular Sequencing
Authors: E. Kurt Lienau, Errol Strain, Charles Wang, Jie Zheng, Andrea R. Ottesen, Christine E. Keys, Thomas S. Hammack, Steven M. Musser, Eric W. Brown, Marc W. Allard, Guojie Cao, Jianghong Meng, Robert Stones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The complexity of the modern food supply makes identifying foodborne outbreaks difficult. In this report, FDA investigators identify a 44-state outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo, using molecular sequencing.
Immunologic Response, Virus Excretion, and Joint Reactions with Rubella Vaccine
Authors: STEPHEN J. LERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A controlled double-blind field trial of rubella vaccine (HPV-77:DE-5) was conducted in 150 young, postpuberal females. Arthralgia or arthritis occurred in 39% of the susceptible subjects given vaccine, in 12% of the immune subjects who received vaccine, and in 10% of the placebo recipients. There was no correlation between the occurrence of joint reactions and age (range, 15 to 26 years). One girl had recurrences of joint symptoms for a year after immunization. Seroconversion occurred in 100% of susceptibles but with a mean antibody titer one seventh as high as was observed after natural rubella infection. Subjects with both arthralgia or arthritis and virus excretion developed a significantly higher mean antibody titer than those without either joint reactions or virus excretion. Immune subjects who were given vaccine had neither antibody titer boosts nor virus excretion. The use of rubella vaccine in susceptible postpuberal females entails the risk of joint reactions that may be prolonged.
Influences of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the response of plasma lipids to the Ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet compared with a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet
Authors: Patrick Couture, W.Roodly Archer, Benoı̂t Lamarche, Nancy Landry, Olivier Dériaz, Louise Corneau, Jean Bergeron, Nathalie Bergeron
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Case 66-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A twenty-one-month-old male child was referred to the hospital because of hepatosplenomegaly. Three months before entry the child became less active than he had been, preferring to sit rather than walk and using a few words rather than whole sentences. Two months before admission pallor and a chalky appearance were observed, and two weeks later the parents noticed progressive abdominal swelling. At that time a severe cold developed, with episodes of coughing, choking and the production of large amounts of thick mucus. One month before entry he had another cold with similar respiratory difficulty and became increasingly . . .