tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neocortical dynamic theory should be as simple as possible, but not simpler
Authors: Paul L. Nunez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

EEG and synaptic action fields provide experimental and theoretical entry points into brain complexity. Such entry is distinguished from the core system of cell assemblies assumed to underlie cognitive processing. The global theory of synaptic action predicts several new properties of EEG, providing limited penetration into brain complexity.
Letter: Postgraduate medical education in the EEG.
Authors: R Brearley
Journal: BMJ (1976)

between treated and untreated patients in learning behaviour or intellect, and seizure control was significantly improved in the treated group.7A more recent survey of epileptic children in schools showed that those who were receiving phenobarbitone were achieving more educationally and had fewer behaviour problems than others who were not being so treated.8Furthermore, no significant reduction was noted in the Wechsler Intelli- gence Scale for Children when this was administered at least eight years after a con- vulsion with fever to children who had received barbiturates for at least one year before the age of 7 years.9On the other hand, a reduced verbal quotient was significantly related to recurrence of convulsions.9It has been shown that it may not be possible to prevent all recurrences of febrile convulsions by the use of phenobarbitone in apparently "therapeutic" dosage," but significant reduction in the recurrence rate has been achieved in a group of high-risk patients.'2Longer, better-controlled studies must surely be conducted before barbiturates are discarded in favour of less well-tried and possibly more harmful anticonvulsants.
Calculation of Aortic Regurgitant Volume by a New Digital Doppler Color Flow Mapping Method: An Animal Study With Quantified Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Takahiro Shiota, Michael Jones, Satoshi Aida, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Izumi Yamada, Alain Delabays, Natesa G Pandian, David J Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Hypertrophy, Pathology, and Molecular Markers of Cardiac Pathogenesis
Authors: Karen L. Vikstrom, Teri Bohlmeyer, Stephen M. Factor, Leslie A. Leinwand
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Increased ventricular expression of several genes, including atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), has been documented in experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy. It remains to be clarified whether altered expression of these genes is a consistent marker of the hypertrophy itself or a marker of some parallel pathogenetic process. Using a transgenic mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a tool, we assessed the relationship between the amount of ventricular ANF gene expression and the degree of hypertrophy as well as the relationship between the cells expressing ANF and tissue pathology. We determined that hypertrophy is not always associated with increased ventricular expression of ANF and that cells expressing ANF are found in regions of tissue pathology. We propose that alteration in the ventricular expression of this gene is a sensitive indicator of cardiac pathogenesis and may result from a number of different stimuli that include, among others, abnormal tissue architecture and hemodynamic load.
Family History of Diabetes Is a Major Determinant of Endothelial Function
Authors: Allison B. Goldfine, Joshua A. Beckman, Rebecca A. Betensky, Heather Devlin, Shauna Hurley, Nerea Varo, Uwe Schonbeck, Mary Elizabeth Patti, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Randomized Assessment of Syncope Trial
Authors: Andrew D. Krahn, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Allan C. Skanes
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Establishing a diagnosis in patients with unexplained syncope is complicated by infrequent and unpredictable events. Prolonged monitoring may be an alternative strategy to conventional testing with short-term monitoring and provocative tilt and electrophysiological testing. Methods and Results —Sixty patients (aged 66±14 years, 33 male) with unexplained syncope were randomized to “conventional” testing with an external loop recorder and tilt and electrophysiological testing or to prolonged monitoring with an implantable loop recorder with 1 year of monitoring. If patients remained undiagnosed after their assigned strategy, they were offered crossover to the alternate strategy. A diagnosis was obtained in 14 of 27 patients randomized to prolonged monitoring compared with 6 of 30 patients undergoing conventional testing (52% versus 20%, P =0.012). Crossover was associated with a diagnosis in 1 of 6 patients undergoing conventional testing compared with 8 of 13 patients who completed monitoring (17% versus 62%, P =0.069). Overall, prolonged monitoring was more likely to result in a diagnosis than was conventional testing (55% versus 19%, P =0.0014). Bradycardia was detected in 14 patients undergoing monitoring compared with 3 patients undergoing conventional testing (40% versus 8%, P =0.005). Conclusions —A prolonged monitoring strategy is more likely to provide a diagnosis than conventional testing in patients with unexplained syncope. Consideration should be given to earlier implementation of a monitoring strategy.
Primary Care Review Articles — Practical Information for Generalist Physicians
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Review articles have appeared in the Journal since the inaugural issue in 1812. They foster an understanding of the science of medicine, enhance medical practice, and are an essential ingredient of our weekly fare. Today we launch a new series of review articles, Primary Care, that will focus on practical information for generalist physicians.Over the past several years, a large fraction of the articles in our Current Concepts series has dealt with the diagnosis and management of common disorders that general internists, pediatricians, family physicians, and other primary care practitioners encounter on a day-to-day basis. Some articles have focused . . .
Postural Effects on the Baselines of Ventricular Performance
Authors: ROBERT F. RUSHMER
Journal: Circulation (1959)

In both dogs and human subjects, fully relaxed in the horizontal position, the ventricular dimensions and stroke volume are generally at or near maximal levels. During exertion the stroke volume does not progressively increase, indeed it rarely exceeds recumbent control values. On sitting or standing the ventricular size and stroke volume diminish to a new lower control level. When control values are measured during quiet standing, exertion produces a slight but consistent increase in stroke volume approximately to the level found in recumbency. This difference in the baseline for control values must be considered in evaluating the cardiovascular response to exercise.
Activity of Taxol in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: J. A. Ajani, D. H. Ilson, K. Daugherty, R. Pazdur, P. M. Lynch, D. P Kelsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Carcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction are uncommon and account for approximately 1% of all malignancies in the United States. Advanced squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of these sites remains incurable. The median survival of patients is between 4 and 8 months, and their prognosis has not changed in the past several decades. Undoubtedly, there is an urgent need to develop new effective drugs for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or the gastroesophageal junction. Our purpose was to evaluate the response rate, duration of response, and toxic effects in previously untreated patients with unresectable local-regional or metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus who were enrolled in a phase II study of paclitaxel (Taxol). Fifty-two patients with either metastatic or local-regional unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus were eligible for this study. All patients were premedicated with dexamethasone, cimetidine, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride to prevent allergic reaction. The starting dose of paclitaxel was 250 mg/m2 repeated every 21 days. Patients received 5 μg/kg granulocytecolony stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously daily 24 hours after the completion of paclitaxel to reduce the duration and severity of granulocytopenia. Of the 52 patients who were initially enrolled, 50 (44 men and six women) were evaluated for toxic effects and response. Thirty-two had adenocarcinoma, and 18 had squamous cell carcinoma. The median age was 58 years (range, 36–77 years). The median Zubrod performance status was 1 (range, 0–1). The median number of courses was four, and the total number of courses administered was 227. The median dose of paclitaxel was 250 mg/m2 (range, 150–280 mg/m2). Paclitaxel dosage was reduced in 52 (23%) of 227 courses and increased in 15 (7%) of 227 courses. Sixteen (32%) patients achieved either a complete or partial response, and 11 (22%) achieved a minor response. Among 32 patients with adenocarcinoma, 11 (34%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 18%-50%) had either a complete or partial response and six had a minorresponse. Five (28%; 95% CI = 7%- 49%) of 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma had a partial response, and five (28%) had a minor response. The median duration of partial response was 17 weeks (range, 7 to ≤58 weeks). At a median follow-up of 9 months, 32 patients remain alive, with an actuarial median survival duration of 13.2 months (range, 2 to ≤17.5 months). Paclitaxel followed by G-CSF was very well tolerated. These data indicate that paclitaxel is an active agent against adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1086-1091,1994]
Antibiotic resistance and survival of E coli in the alimentary tract
Authors: C L Hartley, M H Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Some antibiotics tend to select for R-factor-carrying Escherichia coli in the human gut, with complex long-term consequences. Some resistant strains disappear rapidly when treatment ends, while others persist for months in the absence of obvious antibiotic selection pressure, and the performance of individual resistant strains seems to depend more on the nature of the strain than on the plasmid carried. R plasmids are relatively rare in those E coli that colonize well in the gut and resistant bacteria therefore tend to disappear when treatment ends, but this situation could change dramatically if R plasmids became prevalent among those strains of E coli that colonize effectively.
Noninvasive Measurement of Tissue Magnesium and Correlation With Cardiac Levels
Authors: Mark C.P. Haigney, Burton Silver, Emmanuel Tanglao, Howard S. Silverman, J. Donald Hill, Edward Shapiro, Gary Gerstenblith, Steven P. Schulman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Intracellular magnesium ([Mg] i ) plays an important role in the regulation of myocardial metabolism, contractility, and the maintenance of transsarcolemmal and intracellular ionic gradients. An understanding of the role of magnesium in the clinical setting, however, is hampered by the lack of an assay of intracellular tissue magnesium levels. Methods and Results We used energy-dispersive x-ray analysis to measure [Mg] i in sublingual epithelial cells and to correlate the level with those in atrial biopsy specimens from the same patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. Levels were also measured in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients before and after intravenous magnesium sulfate administration and compared with those from intensive care unit (ICU) patients and healthy individuals. A strong correlation between sublingual epithelial cell (mean, 32.1±0.3 mEq/L) and atrial tissue (mean, 32.1±0.3 mEq/L) [Mg] i was present in 18 cardiac surgery patients ( r =.68, P &lt;.002). Epithelial and atrial [Mg] i levels were lower than in healthy individuals (33.7±0.5 mEq/L, P &lt;.01) studied at that time and correlated poorly with serum magnesium. Mean [Mg] i in 22 AMI patients was 30.7±0.4 mEq/L, which was significantly lower than in 21 ICU patients and 15 healthy individuals (35.0±0.5 mEq/L and 34.5±0.7 mEq/L, respectively, P &lt;.001). Intravenous magnesium sulfate was administered to most of the AMI patients (mean dose, 36±6 mmol). [Mg] i rose significantly in the AMI patients over the first 24 hours, and the magnitude of the increase was greater in those who received higher doses of intravenous magnesium sulfate. Conclusions Sublingual epithelial cell [Mg] i correlates well with atrial [Mg] i but not with serum magnesium. [Mg] i levels are low in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and those with AMI. Intravenous magnesium sulfate corrects low [Mg] i levels in AMI patients. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis determination of sublingual cell [Mg] i may expedite the investigation of the role of magnesium deficiency in heart disease.
Use of Syringe Shields in Clinical Practice
Authors: BYRON M. BRANSON, VINCENT J. SODD, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA, CRAIG C. WILLIAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

The syringe shield has been available for years but only recently has its use been made mandatory. This study investigates whether use of existing syringe shields in clinical practice would significantly reduce the radiation exposure to laboratory personnel. TLD's were worn on fingers of each hand by the radiopharmacist during preparation and by the physician during injection of 8–10 doses of 15–25 mCi 99mTc for brain scintigraphy. The results showed that physician hand exposure is reduced from 20–80% from the use of syringe shields but the pharmacist exposure reduction is about 50% maximum. The latter results primarily from the additional time required to read the volume accurately through the lead glass window. None of the physicians found the syringe shields to be a problem to the injection procedure, and if the patient experienced any added discomfort, it was not observable. Two conclusions are that syringe shields should be used for injecting high specific activity99mTc, and that the 1 cc shields currently on the market are unsatisfactory for nuclear medicine use.
250 RND3/RHO-E IS DOWN-REGULATED IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND INVOLVED IN CELLULAR INVASION
Authors: F. Grise, S. Sena, A. Bidaud-Meynard, J. Baud, N. Dugot-Senant, C. Staedel, P. Bouliac-Sage, J. Zucman-Rossi, J. Rosenbaum, V. Moreau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
An Address ON CASES ILLUSTRATING SOME INTRACRANIAL CONDITIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST: Delivered before the Bradford Medico-Chirurgical Society, October, 1911
Authors: S. Lodge
Journal: BMJ (1912)

tMARCH I6, I9I2.0.002 mg., repeating the dose oIn alternate days, eaell tiimie increasing it by 0.001 mg.He has treated 5 cases of tuber- culous iritis, wlhiclh lhave improved eitlher imImiilediately or after a temiiporary increase in intensity at the beginning of treatnment.Treacher Collins anid Lawford16 menition good r-esults obtained by tuberculini in tlle treatmnent of iritis.Clarke and Mayou obtained a cture in a case of tuberculous iritis in niniPe miioniths, uisinig t,0,, mg.every twvo or tlhree weeks.A-on Hippel" obtained cures in 23 cases of tuberctulous iriti;s.Many otlher cases of tuberculous iritis cuired by tuberculin liave been reported by Haab,50 Wolfrunm,2 and Zieg,ler.Kerafo-iriis.Derby10 las treated 6 cases of kerato-iritis with favour- able resuLlt.Irid1o-elo rc hili tis.Froma get 17 reports a successful anid interestiing case.A female.aged 28, w-ith nio sigans of visceral tubercullosis, for three weeks lhad lhad painful irido-cyclitis of the left eve; visioI 1 fundu.invisible.Two imiontlhs of ordinary treatmiienit did lnot imi-iprove the conditioni.In Decemllber, 1909, four inijections of tuberculin were followed by ocuilar reaction, the last also by rise of temperatutre.In .January and Februarv. 1910,nine injectiolns -were given.anid later m-iore injections.The irido-c_yclitis becamie mu1Iichbetter, thle vitreou-s cleared, the vision impr6ved to W. llen the ftundis, was visible there was seeni an atroplhic patclh in the choroidl, evidently a cured tuberculouis lesion.(horo it'lis.Using von 1Hippel's miiethod, AVeels 10 has obtainied iniprovemnent in fouir cases of tuberculosis of the clhoroidl.ErInest Clarke'aniid Wrigh1t.,I using the opsonic inldex as a conitrol, ctured a case of congloimierate tutberele of the clhoroid witlh tuberctulin.The case was diagnosed by the varyiing tuberculo-opsoniic index.Treatmiienit by ilmercutir aild potassiu-im iodide was carried on for the first inine iontlhs; while tiuberculiin wN-as beingr used.AV.Kraus and A Bruckner report-tWo cases of tubercle of the ftunduts treated successfully by tuberculin.H1ay2 ,_ mentions cases of tuberculous retinitis ellre(l or treated with stIucess by means of von Hippel's treatiijeit.In iinternal tuberculo,sis of the eye, tlheni, wve finid tllat the results of treatment by vaccinie are goo(l, especially }where tlte iris is tlle diseased tissue.Tllc iris is favouiraible for treatment becauise it hias a good blood suLpply.In tubercullosis of tlle fuudus, wlhere tlhe blood and lym]iplh supply are poor, treatimient hias to be proloniged, an(d is less cer'tainily successful.It miiay be mtieintioniedI here tllat in (lisease of the iris it is necessary to use mnydriatics to pirevent the formation of svnechliae, anid, the b;lood( supply in thlis way being diminished, treatImienit ratlher teinds to be prolonged.owing to the difficulty of gettiing s'iuicient opsonins into the diseased tissues.REFERENCES.
Relation between action potential duration restitution kinetics and inducibility of ventricular fibrillation in brugada syndrome
Authors: None Sang Weon Park, Young-Hoon Kim, None Seong Mi Park, None Seung Woon Rha, None Jeong Cheon Ahn, None Do Sun Lim, None Wan Joo Shim, None Young Moo Ro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: James K. Stoller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A 68-year-old former heavy smoker with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents to the emergency room with a two-day history of worsened dyspnea and increased purulence and volume of phlegm. Chest radiography shows hyperinflation and no acute infiltrates. Measurement of arterial blood gases while the patient is breathing ambient air shows acute respiratory acidosis. How should this patient be treated?
Supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratios in Warfarin-Treated Patients Who Receive a Highly Potentiating Antimicrobial Course—Reply
Authors: Catherine S. Riggs, Thomas Delate, Nathan P. Clark
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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Calcium Preconditioning Elicits Strong Protection Against Ischemic Injury via Protein Kinase C Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hiroshi Miyawaki, Xiaobo Zhou, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

We tested the hypothesis that elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i during Ca 2+ preconditioning (CPC) is a strong activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and confers unique protection against ischemic injury. CPC consisted of three cycles of Ca 2+ depletion (1 minute each) and Ca 2+ repletion (5 minutes each). Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 40 minutes of global ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Significant functional recovery and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release were observed in CPC hearts compared with ischemic control hearts. In addition, ATP contents were significantly higher and cell structure was better preserved in CPC hearts than in ischemic control hearts. Administration of chelerythrine, a specific PKC inhibitor, completely abolished the CPC-induced cardioprotection. In other groups, in which Ca 2+ influx during CPC was inhibited with verapamil, amiloride, and low Na + perfusion, cardioprotection was significantly reduced. The prominent increase in the membrane PKC activity after CPC was in agreement with immunolocalization of PKC-α and PKC-δ in the cell membrane of CPC hearts. These results demonstrate that (1) a transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] i is a prominent feature of CPC and is a strong stimulus for the activation of PKC, (2) the elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i likely occurs via an L-type Ca 2+ channel and Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger, and (3) PKC plays a crucial role in the subcellular mechanisms of protection by CPC.
It's Not OK to Get Sick in July
Authors: M. S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to note some findings from a study of mortality following unscheduled surgery in Maryland hospitals that I believe are pertinent to the recent editorial by Dr Perry<sup>1</sup>and the related article by Rich et al.<sup>2</sup>In the Maryland study, my colleagues and I made case-specific adjustments in risk using procedures performed, diagnoses present on admission, age, sex, and preoperative stay. The Table summarizes the findings for patients admitted in July 1984 (these data are described elsewhere in more detail<sup>3</sup>). The difference between the observed-to-expected ratio of deaths at teaching hospitals and other hospitalshad a χ<sup>2</sup>value of 5.3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.025, 1<i>df</i>).<sup>4</sup>Teaching hospitals were not adverse for patients admitted in all other months together, excluding July. There are several limitations in the study by Rich et al that reduced their prospect of detecting any possible association of house officer experience with risk-adjusted mortality in July. They did not specifically test for July house officer status as a predictor of mortality. Two continuous variables in their logistic regression model were both related
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> –Induced Myocardial Dysfunction and Cytokine Production in the Heart
Authors: Pascal Knuefermann, Yasushi Sakata, J. Scott Baker, Chien-Hua Huang, Kenichi Sekiguchi, Hordur S. Hardarson, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Jesus G. Vallejo
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Staphylococcus aureus sepsis is associated with significant myocardial dysfunction. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the inflammatory response to S aureus and may trigger an innate immune response in the heart. We hypothesized that a TLR2 deficiency would attenuate S aureus –induced cardiac proinflammatory mediator production and the development of cardiac dysfunction. Methods and Results— Wild-type and TLR2-deficient (TLR2D) mice were studied. S aureus challenge significantly increased tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide expression in hearts of wild-type mice. This response was significantly blunted in TLR2D mice. Hearts from TLR2D mice had impaired S aureus –induced activation of interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase, c-Jun NH 2 terminal kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1. Moreover, hearts from TLR2D mice were protected against S aureus –induced contractile dysfunction. Conclusions— These results show for the first time that TLR2 signaling contributes to the loss of myocardial contractility and cytokine production in the heart during S aureus sepsis.