tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parotitis from Duct Obstruction
Authors: E. I. Friend
Journal: BMJ (1945)

High-performing primary health care (PHC) is essential for achieving universal health coverage. However, in many countries, PHC is weak and unable to deliver on its potential. Improvement is often limited by a lack of actionable data to inform policies and set priorities. To address this gap, the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) was formed to strengthen measurement of PHC in low-income and middle-income countries in order to accelerate improvement. PHCPI’s Vital Signs Profile was designed to provide a comprehensive snapshot of the performance of a country’s PHC system, yet quantitative information about PHC systems’ capacity to deliver high-quality, effective care was limited by the scarcity of existing data sources and metrics. To systematically measure the capacity of PHC systems, PHCPI developed the PHC Progression Model, a rubric-based mixed-methods assessment tool. The PHC Progression Model is completed through a participatory process by in-country teams and subsequently reviewed by PHCPI to validate results and ensure consistency across countries. In 2018, PHCPI partnered with five countries to pilot the tool and found that it was feasible to implement with fidelity, produced valid results, and was highly acceptable and useful to stakeholders. Pilot results showed that both the participatory assessment process and resulting findings yielded novel and actionable insights into PHC strengths and weaknesses. Based on these positive early results, PHCPI will support expansion of the PHC Progression Model to additional countries to systematically and comprehensively measure PHC system capacity in order to identify and prioritise targeted improvement efforts.
William Walton Gooddy
Authors: Andrew Lees
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former neurologist London (b Boscombe 1916; q University College London 1942; MD, FRCP), d 17 November 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




William Gooddy was appointed consulting physician and neurologist at University College Hospital and the National in 1951. He was also appointed consultant neurologist to the navy and at weekends he would see patients at St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, and King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst. His main academic contributions were in the field of higher cerebral function and particularly time and the nervous system, on which he published papers in the Lancet and Brain and finally a book in 1988. Later in his career he became interested in the role of trace elements in the causation of neurological disease. He was a fine potter and organist, loved calligraphy, decorated tiles, embroidered, and made jewellery. He was an authority on Stephenson's Rocket. In his ninth decade he completed a second book, Neurological Cosmology: The World, the Brain and I. He leaves a wife, Edda; two children; and three grandchildren.
Double-blind clinical trial on gastroduodenal ulcer healing with prostaglandin E2 analogues.
Authors: K Gibinski, J Rybicka, E Mikos, A Nowak
Journal: Gut (1977)

Seventy-seven patients with gastroduodenal ulcer were treated with two methyl-prostaglandin E2 analogues, m-PGE2, in a double-blind clinical trial. Each of three groups was given 15 S-15 methyl PGE2 methyl ester, 15 R-15 methyl PGE2 methyl ester, and placebo, respectively. Both forms of m-PGE2 analogues appeared to reduce gastric acid secretion, to shorten ulcer healing, and also to produce some side-effects, form 9S9 being the more potent. Prompt healing of the ulcer with these agents did not prevent the recurrence of the disease. As the serum gastrin response to a meal after m-PGE2 administration was not reduced, this agent seems directly to affect oxynthic cells.
Linear IgA disease associated with lymphocytic colitis
Authors: None SWENSSON, None STÜBER, None NICKEL, None STICHERLING, None GHOHESTANI, None NITSCHE, None CHRISTOPHERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

A 66-year-old woman presented with a bullous skin eruption and chronic diarrhoea. Lesional skin showed subepidermal blistering, and direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin revealed linear deposits of IgA at the dermoepidermal junction, establishing a diagnosis of linear IgA disease (LAD). Chronic watery diarrhoea complicated by substantial loss of body weight preceded the skin eruption for several months. On endoscopy, the colon appeared macroscopically normal. On histology, the colon mucosa showed increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and infiltrates of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, indicative of lymphocytic colitis. Treatment with methylprednisolone and dapsone led to complete clearing of the bullous skin eruption and marked improvement of the patient's diarrhoea. Gastrointestinal disorders such as lymphocytic colitis have rarely been reported in patients with LAD. Whether the simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases is coincidental or due to related pathogenetic mechanisms remains to be seen.
Oncogenic <i>Kras</i> Promotes Chemotherapy-Induced Growth Factor Shedding via ADAM17
Authors: Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Joan N. Kyula, Audrey Fenton, Catherine S. Fenning, Takehiko Sasazuki, Senji Shirasawa, Daniel B. Longley, Patrick G. Johnston
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Oncogenic mutations in Kras occur in 40% to 45% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously shown that chemotherapy acutely activates ADAM17, resulting in growth factor shedding, growth factor receptor activation, and drug resistance in CRC tumors. In this study, we examined the role of mutant Kras in regulating growth factor shedding and ADAM17 activity, using isogenic Kras mutant (MT) and wild-type (WT) HCT116 CRC cells. Significantly higher levels of TGF-α and VEGF were shed from KrasMT HCT116 cells, both basally and following chemotherapy treatment, and this correlated with increased pErk (phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase)1/2 levels and ADAM17 activity. Inhibition of Kras, MEK (MAP/ERK kinase)1/2, or Erk1/2 inhibition abrogated chemotherapy-induced ADAM17 activity and TGF-α shedding. Moreover, we found that these effects were not drug or cell line specific. In addition, MEK1/2 inhibition in KrasMT xenografts resulted in significant decreases in ADAM17 activity and growth factor shedding in vivo, which correlated with dramatically attenuated tumor growth. Furthermore, we found that MEK1/2 inhibition significantly induced apoptosis both alone and when combined with chemotherapy in KrasMT cells. Importantly, we found that sensitivity to MEK1/2 inhibition was ADAM17 dependent in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that oncogenic Kras regulates ADAM17 activity and thereby growth factor ligand shedding in a MEK1/2/Erk1/2-dependent manner and that KrasMT CRC tumors are vulnerable to MEK1/2 inhibitors, at least in part, due to their dependency on ADAM17 activity. Cancer Res; 71(3); 1071–80. ©2010 AACR.
Severe atopic dermatitis is characterized by selective expansion of circulating TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22, but not TH17/TC17, cells within the skin-homing T-cell population
Authors: Tali Czarnowicki, Juana Gonzalez, Avner Shemer, Dana Malajian, Hui Xu, Xiuzhong Zheng, Saakshi Khattri, Patricia Gilleaudeau, Mary Sullivan-Whalen, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
What kind of memory?
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The great Gaels of Ireland Are the men that God made mad For all their wars are merry And all their songs are sad 

GK Chesterton

Like most of my colleagues, the first part of the BMJ I read is the obituaries page. The brief lives are compelling; the summing up of a lifetime's grief and tears, joy and laughter in only a few hundred words. It's a difficult task; I wrote one myself for a friend I loved very much and quickly arrived at the key dilemma. With such restricted space available, should I write what he was, or what …
CHRONIC INFLUENZAL BRONCHITIS
Authors: J. D. MADISON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The following cases were selected as illustrating different phases of chronic influenzal bronchitis, so far as possible, and are presented with the hope that they will prove interesting and instructive to others. To me the recognition of these cases and the variety of clinical forms they may assume has been very helpful. <h3>REPORTS OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3><h3>Summary.—</h3> Cough of four years' duration and for several years previous frequent attacks of influenza when patient would cough and expectorate for a time; chills and fever for several days at one period; diagnosis of tuberculosis; mild asthmatic attacks; diffuse bronchitis. There were no tubercle bacilli in sputum; in smears and cultures the influenza bacillus found to be the predominant organism. <h3>History.—</h3> The patient, M. K., servant girl, single, aged 28, was first seen Sept. 14, 1906. Two cousins on father's side had died of consumption. One brother died with symptoms of miliary
Effect of adrenomedullin, a novel vasoactive peptide, on hepatic pericytes (stellate cells) of the rat
Authors: N KAWADA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The effect of continuous intraperitoneal infusion of undine diphosphoglucose on ethanlol-induced suppression of lipocyte proliferation was studied in regenerating rat livers from 1–4 days after hepatectomy. Proliferating lipocytes were positively identified using a two-sequence immunohistochemical staining for cytoplasmic desmin and bromodeoxyuridine-labelled nuclei. Hepatectomy rapidly stimulated lipocyte proliferation which peaked 2 days after hepatectomy (labelling index, 17.9 ± 0.81%). uridine diphosphoglucose or glucose infusion did not modify the time course of lipocyte proliferation. Ethanol feeding to hepatectomized rats receiving saline or glucose infusion resulted in a 71% (p < 0.005) and 61% (p < 0.005) inhibition of lipocyte proliferation, respectively, 2 days after hepatectomy, thereby abolishing the characteristic proliferative peak observed in rats not treated with ethanol. In contrast, uridine diphosphoglucose infusion doubled the labelling index (13.1 ± 2.34%) in ethanol-fed rats compared to that in corresponding rats treated with saline (5.28 ± 1.29%; p < 0.005) or glucose (6.51 ± 0.64%; p < 0.005). This resulted in the appearance of a proliferative peak, albeit smaller than normal, 2 days after hepatectomy. In sham-operated rats, lipocyte proliferation was low with a labelling index of 1.88 ± 0.13% at the time of operation and of 1.69 ± 0.23% 2 days thereafter. Uridine diphosphoglucose infusion to sham-operated rats for 2 days did not significantly affect lipocyte proliferation (labelling index 1.79 ± 0.06%). The present study demonstrated that uridine diphosphoglucose does not affect lipocyte proliferation in the regenerating or sham-operated livers, but that it partially reverses the ethanol-induced suppression of lipocyte proliferation after hepatectomy.
Pancreatic iron and glucose dysregulation in thalassemia major
Authors: Leila J. Noetzli, Steven D. Mittelman, Richard M. Watanabe, Thomas D. Coates, John C. Wood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Pancreatic iron overload and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in thalassemia major patients. However, the relationship between iron stores and glucose disturbances is not well defined. We used a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), coupled with mathematical modeling, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the impact of pancreatic, cardiac, and hepatic iron overload on glucose regulation in 59 patients with thalassemia major. According to OGTT results, 11 patients had DM, 12 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 8 had isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 28 patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Patients with DM had significantly impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin release. Insulin resistance was most strongly associated with markers of inflammation and somatic iron overload, while disposition index (DI) (a measure of beta cell function) was most strongly correlated with pancreas R2*. Patients with DM and IGT had significantly worse DI than those with NGT or IFG, suggesting significant beta cell toxicity. One-third of patients having elevated pancreas R2* had normal glucose regulation (preclinical iron burden), but these patients were younger and had lower hepatic iron burdens. Our study indicates that pancreatic iron is the strongest predictor of beta cell toxicity, but total body iron burden, age, and body habitus also influence glucose regulation. We also demonstrate that MRI and fasting glucose/insulin are complementary screening tools, reducing the need for oral glucose tolerance testing, and identify high-risk patients before irreversible pancreatic damage.
Hepatitis C: Improving the diagnostic armamentarium Van Der Poel CL, Cuypers HTM, Recink HW, Weiner AJ, Quan S, Di Nello R, Van Boven JJP, et al. Confirmation of hepatitis C virus infection by new four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay. Lancet 1991; 337: 317?319
Authors: P MARTIN
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A exposure and asthma development among inner-city children
Authors: Kathleen M. Donohue, Rachel L. Miller, Matthew S. Perzanowski, Allan C. Just, Lori A. Hoepner, Srikesh Arunajadai, Stephen Canfield, David Resnick, Antonia M. Calafat, Frederica P. Perera, Robin M. Whyatt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Nearly half of all patients dying in English hospitals are not aware they have only hours to live
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

English hospitals are generally doing what they should be for people who are dying, in terms of stopping some drug treatments and initiating others, but patients’ psychosocial welfare is less well catered for, shows an audit of the care of dying patients.

The audit, which was carried out by the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute in Liverpool, with the support of the Royal College of Physicians, found that, overall, hospitals are achieving high standards of clinical care for dying patients. For example, non-essential drug treatment was stopped in 93% of patients, and …
Reviews and Notes: Endocrinology: Clinical Endocrinology
Authors: David R. Rovner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1994Reviews and Notes: Endocrinology: Clinical EndocrinologyDavid R. Rovner, MDDavid R. Rovner, MDMichigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-2-199401150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Clinical EndocrinologyAshley Grossman; ed. 1063 pages. Oxford: Blackwell; 1992. $214.95.In recent years, many textbooks on endocrinology have been published. Several of these are complete and useful. The editors of this text have attempted to carve a niche in the purely clinical area. To the extent that few strictly animal experimental results are included, the book is successful. It is a multiauthor text written primarily by authorities from the United Kingdom with a smattering of contributions from other European countries, Australia, and the United States.The editor has done a good job in standardizing how the various disease entities ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 2Page: 175KeywordsClinical epidemiologyEndocrinologyEpidemiologyGeneticsHormonesMolecular biologyPolymerase chain reactionResearch laboratoriesSigns and symptoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Radioiodine Therapy in Graves Disease
Authors: Henry B. Burch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 April 1995Radioiodine Therapy in Graves DiseaseHenry B. Burch, Kenneth D. Burman, and Leonard WartofskyHenry B. BurchSearch for more papers by this author, Kenneth D. BurmanSearch for more papers by this author, and Leonard WartofskySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Tibaldi suggests that in the elderly, the duration of thyrotoxicosis may have more relevance than the magnitude of thyroid hormone level elevation in the occurrence of clinically significant disease. He further implies that the surge in thyroid hormone levels that we observed [1] after antithyroid drug therapy was discontinued and before Iodine-131 administration is unlikely to be clinically relevant. No data or references were given to support this contention. On the contrary, published evidence suggests that short-term increases in thyroid hormone levels may be harmful and may in fact be the mechanism underlying several known precipitants of ...References1. Burch HB, Solomon BL, Wartofsky L, Burman KD. Discontinuing antithyroid therapy before ablation with radioiodine in Graves disease. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:553-9. Google Scholar2. Burch HB, Wartofsky L. Life-threatening thyrotoxicosis: thyroid storm. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1993; 22:263-77. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Henry B. Burch; Kenneth D. Burman; Leonard WartofskyAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 7Page: 555KeywordsDrug administrationDrug therapyDrugsElderlyStormsThyroidThyroid hormones ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Time for NHS policy on electronic cigarettes
Authors: M. Bains, H. Agombar, E. Clarke, R. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Little has changed since Borland’s editorial on the regulation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) last year.1 A recent interchange between a staff member and a patient regarding electronic smoking on hospital premises identified a lack of coherent local guidance.

This prompted us to contact …
Improved Detection of Second Primary Cancer Using Integrated [<sup>18</sup>F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography for Initial Tumor Staging
Authors: Joon Young Choi, Kyung Soo Lee, O. Jung Kwon, Young Mog Shim, Chung-Hwan Baek, Keunchil Park, Kyung-Han Lee, Byung-Tae Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose This study evaluated prospectively the value of integrated whole-body positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in detecting a second primary cancer at the time of the initial staging in comparison with a conventional staging work-up (CSW). Methods The participants were 547 patients diagnosed with cancer who underwent FDG PET/CT imaging for the initial staging. An additional diagnostic evaluation was performed when there were abnormal findings indicative of a second primary cancer on either PET/CT or CSW considering the site and the biologic behavior of the alleged primary tumor. Results A total of 27 second primary malignant tumors were identified in 26 of the 547 patients (4.8%). FDG PET/CT found 45 lesions indicative of a second primary cancer, of which 24 lesions were proved to be a second primary cancer, seven were clinically unexpected metastases, and 14 lesions were benign. Therefore, sensitivity and positive predictive value of FDG PET/CT in detecting a second primary cancer or an unexpected metastasis were 91% (31 of 34) and 69% (31 of 45), respectively. In contrast, CSW could not identify 16 second primary cancers and one metastatic lesion. Conclusion FDG PET/CT at the time of the initial staging is useful for screening a second primary cancer with a high sensitivity. An additional diagnostic work-up is essential when abnormal findings, which are indicative of a second primary cancer, are obtained on PET/CT images to rule out the presence of either a second primary cancer or an unexpected metastasis.
Laparoscopic splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: John Hill, R. Matthew Walsh, Scott McHam, Fred Brody, Matt Kalaycio
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A series of nine such patients who underwent this procedure at our institution between August 1997 and September 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Seven of 9 patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for CLL and autoimmune hemolytic anemia achieved a complete response. One patient who initially responded relapsed 12 weeks postoperatively. Therefore, six of 9 patients showed sustained responses with a mean follow‐up of 2 years, consistent with other published series. Two patients had no response, one of whom died within 3 weeks of surgery from transformed Hodgkin's disease. The only other postoperative complication occurred in a patient who developed pneumonia. We conclude that laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with CLL who fail medical therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 75:134–138, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On Being a Doctor: Leaving Is Not the Answer
Authors: Maria Maldonado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters4 June 2013On Being a Doctor: Leaving Is Not the AnswerMaria Maldonado, MDMaria Maldonado, MDFrom Stamford Hospital, Stamford, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read Pi's On Being a Doctor (1) with interest and complete recognition of the situation that was depicted so beautifully and descriptively. In the residency program that I direct, ambulatory education for our internal medicine residents is mainly seated in a federally qualified health center. Most of the patient population on the whole is medically underserved, and many patients have limited English proficiency as well as low health literacy. The idea that a resident, who must also be precepted by a faculty member, could effectively and efficiently provide patient-centered care to a patient who speaks another ...Reference1. Pi D. Indian summer. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:355-6. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Stamford Hospital, Stamford, Connecticut.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIndian Summer Diana Pi Cognitive Impairment Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Shadi Kalantarian , Theodore A. Stern , Moussa Mansour , and Jeremy N. Ruskin Metrics 4 June 2013Volume 158, Issue 11Page: 849-850KeywordsConflicts of interestLiteracyMedical conditionsMedical educationPatientsResidencySub-specialty care ePublished: 4 June 2013 Issue Published: 4 June 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...