tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and breast cancer risk: impact of timing, type and dose of activity and population subgroup effects
Authors: C M Friedenreich, A E Cust
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective: To review (1) the epidemiological literature on physical activity and the risk of breast cancer, examining the effect of the different parameters of activity and effect modification within different population subgroups; and (2) the biological mechanisms whereby physical activity may influence the risk of breast cancer. Methods: A review of all published literature to September 2007 was conducted using online databases; 34 case-control and 28 cohort studies were included. The impact of the different parameters of physical activity on the association between activity and the risk of breast cancer was examined by considering the type of activity performed, the timing of activity over the life course and the intensity of activity. Effect modification of this association by menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), racial group, family history of breast cancer, hormone receptor status, energy intake and parity were also considered. Results: Evidence for a risk reduction associated with increased physical activity was found in 47 (76%) of 62 studies included in this review with an average risk decrease of 25–30%. A dose-response effect existed in 28 of 33 studies. Stronger decreases in risk were observed for recreational activity, lifetime or later life activity, vigorous activity, among postmenopausal women, women with normal BMI, non-white racial groups, those with hormone receptor negative tumours, women without a family history of breast cancer and parous women. Conclusions: The effect of physical activity on the risk of breast cancer is stronger in specific population subgroups and for certain parameters of activity that need to be further explored in future intervention trials.
Preliminary evaluation of recombinant amino-terminal fragment of human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in children with severe meningococcal sepsis
Authors: Brett P Giroir, Peter A Quint, Phil Barton, Erica A Kirsch, Louann Kitchen, Brahm Goldstein, Betty J Nelson, Nancy I Wedel, Stephen F Carroll, Patrick J Scannon
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
Stress in NHS consultants
Authors: H. Blenkin, I. Deary, A. Sadler, R. Agius
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Richard P Caplan highlights the fact that few studies have examined stress and psychological symptoms in senior doctors.1 We conducted a cross sectional survey of 500 randomly selected NHS consultants in Scotland, of whom 375 (75%) responded; this response rate compares well with the 77% response to the postal questionnaire that Caplan sent to consultants. We applied a wider range of questionnaires2 but report here our results with the general health …
Diagnostic Decision
Authors: ROBERT M. CENTOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

This article reviews the use of diagnostic tests to guide management of adults with sore throats. Pharyngitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci represents the major diagnostic concern in these patients. Organisms other than group A streptococci can cause pharyngitis, but their clinical importance and their diagnostic tests have not yet been established. For many years, physicians have used routine throat cultures to diagnose group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Rapid tests have recently been introduced that detect the group A streptococcal antigen on throat swab specimens. Because both tests have high sensitivity and specificity, the choice of tests may depend on test turnaround time. Rapid tests should improve management by decreasing both short-term morbidity and inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Female Depression before and after Menopause
Authors: Franco Benazzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; There is no clear association between menopause and depression. Aim of the study was to compare female depression with onset before menopause with female depression with onset after menopause, to find out if endocrinological changes had an impact on depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Five hundred and twelve consecutive unipolar and bipolar I/II depressed outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Patients were divided into patients with depression/mania onset before 40 and after 40. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Female depression with onset after 40 had a significantly shorter duration of illness, fewer recurrences, fewer patients with atypical features, fewer bipolar II patients and more unipolar patients than female depression with onset before 40. Male depression with onset after 40 had a significantly shorter duration of illness and fewer patients with atypical features than male depression with onset before 40. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Some features were common to both female and male depression with onset after 40. Female depression with onset after 40 had significantly more unipolar and fewer bipolar II patients, than female depression with onset before 40. Different frequency of unipolar and bipolar II patients suggests that the biology of depression in menopause women may be different from that of women not in menopause, and from that of male depression with onset after 40. Differences may be related to menopause.
Materials Indistinguishable from Iodotyrosines in Normal Human Serum and Human Serum Albumin*
Authors: Henry Weinert, Hideo Masui, Ildiko Radichevich, Sidney C. Werner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Materials indistinguishable from authentic mono- and diiodotyrosines were identified in extracts of normal human serum as well as in extracts of purified human serum albumin. These materials were not found in association with the other serum proteins. Identification of MIT and DIT was made by a technique using rechromatography to constant specific activity, as well as by the Barker wet ash distillation method, which established the compounds in question as being iodinated ones. By two different extraction and chromatographic methods we estimated the amounts of both MIT and DIT present in normal human serum or albumin; the estimates were in good agreement. These compounds together constituted between 19% and 25% of the extractable serum iodine.
An Endoscopic Method for the Study of the Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion in Man
Authors: M. Osnes, L. Hanssen, J. Myren
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

A new endoscopic method for the study of the exocrine pancreatic secretion in man is described. Using a side-viewing duodenoscope (Olympus JF B 2) the main pancreatic duct was cannulated with a teflon catheter. Prior to the examination, another similar catheter was attached to the outside of the duodenoscope for instillation of stimulating agents into the duodenum. The method allows the study of pure pancreatic juice after intraduodenal stimulation. Simultaneously the release of gastrointestinal hormones may be studied.
Abstract B99: Antimetastatic and apoptosis induction potential of supercritical CO2 extract of <i>Nigella sativa</i> seeds
Authors: Hussein M. Baharetha, Zeyad D. Nassar, Abdalrahim F. Aisha, Abd Kadir, Zhari Ismail, Abdul Majid
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Nigella sativa Linn. is a famous spice that has been used as a medicinal plant for centuries. Traditionally, it is known to have a magic healing power for different varieties of illness, range from intestinal disturbances to fever to cancer. In this study, essential oil was extract from seeds of Nigella sativa using supercritical CO2 extraction system at extraction pressure of 2500 psi and temperature of 60°C (these extraction conditions of pressure and temperature were reported from our preliminary screening anti-proliferative study against various human cancerous cell lines). The anti-metastatic and anti-invasive properties of the extract were studied using a panel of assays against human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7). Results revealed that the extract showed a potent anti-proliferation activity against MCF 7 cells with IC50 value of 53.34 ± 2.15 μg/ml once tested using MTT assay. The extract also halted MCF 7 cells migration and invasion, where 40 μg/ml of the extract A3 represented 49.80 ± 5.89% of migration inhibition and 79.29 ± 2.09% of invasion inhibition. In addition, the extract significantly induced apoptosis of the MCF 7 cells by activating caspases 3/7 and 8. The result of this study revealed the role of supercritical CO2 extracted oil of Nigella sativa in prevention of metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Hussein M. Baharetha, Zeyad D. Nassar, Abdalrahim F. Aisha, Abd Kadir, Zhari Ismail, Abdul Majid. Antimetastatic and apoptosis induction potential of supercritical CO2 extract of Nigella sativa seeds. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B99.
271Coronary microvascular dysfunction during long term metabolic derangement in swine
Authors: O Sorop, M Van Den Heuvel, VJ De Beer, NS Van Ditzhuijzen, I Heinonen, D Merkus, SJ Koopmans, AH Danser, DJ Duncker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature has been proposed as one of the important contributors to the diabetes mellitus (DM) associated coronary artery disease (CAD). How different aspects of such dysfunction manifest during disease progression remains incompletely understood. Therefore we studied the time course of coronary microvascular dysfunction in a large animal model of metabolic derangement. Swine with streptozotocin-induced DM type II were fed a high fat diet for up to 15 mo. Coronary small arteries (300 μm) were studied in vitro at 2mo (n=6), 6mo (n=7) and 15 mo (n=5) follow up and compared to healthy controls (n=12, Control). All diabetic groups showed marked hyperglycemia (16±3, 18±4 and 18±1 mmol/l at 2mo, 6mo and 15mo resp.) and hypercholesterolemia (14±2, 17±2 and 18±3 mmol/l) as compared to Control (glucose: 5±1 and cholesterol: 2.0±0.3 mmol/l; all P<0.05). Microvessels showed small plaques only in the 15mo DM group. All DM groups showed increased microvascular stiffness with preserved wall/lumen ratio as compared to control animals.The 2mo and 6mo, but not the 15mo, DM groups showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation to bradykinin, which appeared to result from reduced NO, resp. EDHF bioavailability. Interestingly, the vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 (ET-1) was significantly impaired in the 2mo group (impaired ETA constriction), maintained in the 6mo group, but significantly increased in the 15mo group (reversal ETB dilation to constriction) as compared to Control. The 15mo group also showed increased ETA and ETB expression. Vasodilation to the exogenous NO-donor (SNAP) was similar between groups. In conclusion, specific aspects of CMVD in DM with regard to NO and ET-1 systems are time-dependent. While impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to altered NO/EDHF bioavailability dominates early on, prolonged exposure to high glucose and cholesterol shifts the balance towards increased ET-1 induced vasoconstriction at later stages during CAD development in DM.
Circulating Adipocyte–Fatty Acid Binding Protein Levels Predict the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Aimin Xu, Annette W.K. Tso, Bernard M.Y. Cheung, Yu Wang, Nelson M.S. Wat, Carol H.Y. Fong, Dennis C.Y. Yeung, Edward D. Janus, Pak C. Sham, Karen S.L. Lam
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Adipocyte–fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), a major cytoplasmic protein in adipocytes, plays a central role in the development of diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in experimental animals. We have previously shown that A-FABP is present in the bloodstream and that its circulating levels correlate with metabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional study. In the present study, we further evaluated the prospective association of A-FABP with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Methods and Results— In the present study, 495 nondiabetic adults from the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study were prospectively followed up for 5 years. The relationship of serum A-FABP with the MetS and its components was investigated. At baseline, high A-FABP levels were associated with the MetS (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.5 to 10.4; highest versus lowest sex-specific tertile, adjusted for age, body mass index, the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin, P =0.005). On long-term follow-up, subjects with higher baseline A-FABP levels had progressively worse cardiometabolic risk profile and increasing risk of the MetS. Among 376 subjects without the MetS at baseline, 50 had developed it at 5 years. Apart from the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance ( P =0.001), baseline A-FABP was the only independent predictor of the development of the MetS during the 5-year follow-up (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.9; highest versus lowest sex-specific tertile, P =0.001, adjusted for the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance and body mass index). A-FABP was predictive of the MetS even after adjustment for each of its individual components. Conclusions— Circulating A-FABP predicts the development of the MetS independently of adiposity and insulin resistance.