tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Traumatic Tetanus and Its Treatment, with Some Remarks on the Extract of Cannabis Indica of Commerce
Authors: J. Inglis
Journal: BMJ (1845)

TRAUMATIC TETANUS.- 197 of t4," the, experience of Sir Astley Cooper, as well as of most other.surgeons, proves that it is erroneous and withomt foundation.*4. YVegneis publishes the following mode of pro- 9e.eli ip t e Bwulletin T.herapeutique :-" The patient bgp .sWated on a chair, the surgeon takes the lux#l limb and holds it perpendicularly; he applies one hpd to the middle of the arm, the other towards the wrist; he next raises his foot and placing it under Phe Juxated head of the bone, he fixes it on the .liestAnd drawv tbe arm slightly towards him, whilst he ,dypressep it in drawing it forwards; he increases h force, at first proceeding quickly."He says he .;as uccee -dwhere others have-failed.The knee in the axilla acts upon the same principle aslthe-fist, serving as a fulcrum for the arm.Sir Astley Cooper mentidns it, and says, that even in persons of= powerful muscles, he has known it succeed when the patient remained in a state of intoxication.Mr. Kirby mentions several cases in which he employed it with perfect succes, but the method is not con- side*d so good as that of the heel in the axilla.How- ever, I have often succeeded with my knee, without any'difflculty.'Let your patient sit on a low cliair or stool.If it isethe right arm stand behind him, if his left stand before him; raise his arm perpendicularly by the side bf his head, and then place the ball of your foot upon the chair or stool, and your knee in the axilla as close as you can against the lhead of the bo-ne.Now depress the arm forcibly and bring the elbow down towards the patient's side, at the same time raising your heel * nd pressidg with your knee upwards atnd outwards.You will not succeed so well if you do not in the first instance raise.tbe arm ptrpendicularly, for the reaonsowhich I have given in treating of "White's Method.' ;
Comparative placental morphology and function.
Authors: F Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The distinction between histiotrophic nutrition (in which local macromolecules are chiefly responsible for the maintenance of the embryo) and hemotrophic nutrition (which results from a transfer of material between the maternal and fetal circulations) is made. Placentation in a number of commonly used laboratory animals and in man is described, and it is shown that dependence upon histiotroph and hemotroph varies greatly, not only between species but also at different stages of gestation in a single species. These facts are likely to be reflected in considerably differences in response to certain teratogens; they must be carefully considered when experimental results are extrapolated between species. The significance to man of an agent which has been shown to be teratogenic in a single species of experimental animals should be evaluated in terms of possible differences in placental function between man and that species. This is particularly so if there is a suspicion that the potential teratogen may affect the fetal membranes.
A high rate of durable responses with romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Simon J. Harrison, Hang Quach, Emma Link, John F. Seymour, David S. Ritchie, Sam Ruell, Joanne Dean, Henry Januszewicz, Ricky Johnstone, Paul Neeson, Michael Dickinson, Jean Nichols, H. Miles Prince
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract 1329: Up-regulation of FOXM1b promotes low doses of arsenite-induced lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Youhong Liu, Con Sullivan, Xiong Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Long-term exposure to low doses of arsenic from environmental sources has been associated with increased incidence of skin, lung, liver, bladder, and prostate cancers. A paradox is that arsenic has not been shown conclusively to be an initiator or a promoter of carcinogenesis in animal models. After E6/E7/hTERT immortalized human airway epithelial cell line NuLi-1 was exposed at 1μM arsenite continuously for 24 weeks, the cells exhibited malignant transformation in the anchorage independent growth assay. Because this cell line is null for p53 and Rb, these data indicated that inactivation of p53 and pRb pathways alone was not sufficient to induce malignant transformation, the addition of long-term exposure of low dose arsenite resulted in malignant transformation. Using a high-throughput method, we detected up-regulated expressions of CDC6, CDC25A and Cyclin D1 (which are critical for cell cycle regulation at G1 and S) when the cells were exposed to 0.1μM arsenite for 24∼72 hours CDC6, CDC25A and Cyclin D1 were expressed over time until cell transformation occurred. Arsenite steadily increased the expression levels of CDC6, CDC25A and Cyclin D1 with time at both transcription and protein levels. Interestingly, the expression of a proliferation-specific transcription factor FOXM1b correlated with increased expression of CDC6, CDC25A and Cyclin D1. FOXM1b is a key regulator of both G1/S and G2/M cell cycle transitions, and mitotic spindle integrity and plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Ectopic upregulation of FOXM1b in NuLi-1 cells significantly promoted arsenite-induced malignant transformation; in reverse, knockdown of FOXM1b in the transformed NuLi-1 cells and lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 significantly decreased malignant transformation. Collectively, the study indicated that upergulation of FoxM1b, of the absence of p53 and pRb in immortalized human airway epithelial cells, promotes low dose arsenite-induced malignant transformation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1329. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1329
Vertebrobasilar Injuries Following Cervical Manipulation
Authors: Kurt P. Schellhas, Richard E. Latchaw, Lyle R. Wendling, Lawrence H. A. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Four cases of brainstem stroke syndromes followed mechanical cervical manipulation; vascular injury was confirmed angiographically. A comprehensive review of the literature on vertebrobasilar injuries disclosed the various mechanisms of injury and pathogenesis of subsequent vascular complications following cervical manipulation. Emphasis is given to the potentially devastating neurological complications, particularly in view of the increasing utilization of chiropractic therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1450-1453, 1980)
Unpruned trees in German Broca's aphasia
Authors: Martina Penke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Grodzinsky proposes that agrammatism leads to a “pruning” of the syntactic tree in speech production. For German, this assumption predicts that syntactic processes related to functional projections AgrP and CP should be impaired. An analysis of spontaneous-speech data from four Broca's aphasics with respect to subject-verb agreement and verb placement, however, indicates that phrase-structure representations in agrammatism are intact.
John Hunter: learning from natural experiments, ‘placebos’, and the state of mind of a patient in the 18th century
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Maverick, Scottish-born 18th-century surgeon John Hunter was Georgian London's most popular surgeon in the late 18th century.1,2 He made exceptional contributions to advancing the understanding and practice of medicine through observation and experiment. John Hunter studied anatomy for 12 years alongside his brother William, at their school in Covent Garden. After a few short spells of hands-on surgical practice in London hospitals, he signed up in 1760 as a surgeon in the British army.
Aplastic Anaemia Following Neoarsphenamine
Authors: F. D. Hart, J. G. Humble
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The condition of spontaneous circumrenal haematoma is described, with two personal case histories.Though rare the condition is an important one to bear in mind, as it may enter into the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen and if treated expectantly is nearly always fatal.The aetiology and clinical course are discussed.An acute and a chronic form can be distinguished.Treatment should consist in surgical intervention and, in most cases, nephrectomy.
The Lung Tissue Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Marc A. Sze, Pedro A. Dimitriu, Shizu Hayashi, W. Mark Elliott, John E. McDonough, John V. Gosselink, Joel Cooper, Don D. Sin, William W. Mohn, James C. Hogg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Based on surface brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Hilty and coworkers demonstrated microbiomes in the human lung characteristic of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which have now been confirmed by others.To extend these findings to human lung tissue samples.DNA from lung tissue samples was obtained from nonsmokers (n = 8); smokers without COPD (n = 8); patients with very severe COPD (Global Initiative for COPD [GOLD] 4) (n = 8); and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 8). The latter served as a positive control, with sterile water as a negative control. All bacterial community analyses were based on polymerase chain reaction amplifying 16S rRNA gene fragments. Total bacterial populations were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and bacterial community composition was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and pyrotag sequencing.Total bacterial populations within lung tissue were small (20-1,252 bacterial cells per 1,000 human cells) but greater in all four sample groups versus the negative control group (P < 0.001). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing distinguished three distinct bacterial community compositions: one common to the nonsmoker and smoker groups, a second to the GOLD 4 group, and the third to the CF-positive control group. Pyrotag sequencing identified greater than 1,400 unique bacterial sequences and showed an increase in the Firmicutes phylum in GOLD 4 patients versus all other groups (P < 0.003) attributable to an increase in the Lactobacillus genus (P < 0.0007).There is a detectable bacterial community within human lung tissue that changes in patients with very severe COPD.
Existence and role of substrate cycling between AMP and adenosine in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes under control conditions and in ATP depletion.
Authors: D R Wagner, F Bontemps, G van den Berghe
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Adenosine, a physiological coronary vasodilator, has been proposed to regulate coronary circulation according to myocardial oxygen demand. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of adenosine formation and utilization in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes and, in particular, the existence and the role of substrate cycling between AMP and adenosine in the regulation of its concentration. METHODS AND RESULTS Rabbit cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion and incubated in HEPES-buffered Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, in control conditions and in ATP depletion achieved by inhibiting glycolysis with 5 mmol/L iodoacetate. Under control conditions, adenosine accumulated at a rate of 4 pmol.min-1.10(-6) cells. The 13-fold elevation of adenosine accumulation induced by iodotubercidin (ITu), an inhibitor of adenosine kinase, proves that adenosine is normally recycled into AMP. This recycling involves 95% of the adenosine formed. In ATP depletion, adenosine accumulated at the rate of 335 pmol.min-1.10(-6) cells and was no longer rephosphorylated after 20 minutes, as shown by the absence of effect of ITu after this time interval. Moreover, adenosine was deaminated, as indicated by the twofold increase of its accumulation induced by deoxycoformycin (dCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. Both in control conditions and in ATP depletion, adenosine-dialdehyde, an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, had no significant effect on adenosine formation, indicating that the transmethylation pathway is not an important source of adenosine in rabbit cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that recycling of adenosine into AMP is essential for the maintenance of low, nonvasodilatory concentrations of the nucleoside under control conditions and that interruption of recycling plays an important role in elevating adenosine during ATP depletion.
Short-Term Hemodynamic Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure, a Narrow QRS Duration, and No Dyssynchrony
Authors: Lynne K. Williams, Susan Ellery, Kiran Patel, Francisco Leyva, Robert A. Bleasdale, Thanh T. Phan, Berthold Stegemann, Vince Paul, Paul Steendijk, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Cardiac resynchronization therapy produces both short-term hemodynamic and long-term symptomatic/mortality benefits in symptomatic heart failure patients with a QRS duration &gt;120 ms. This is conventionally believed to be due principally to relief of dyssynchrony, although we recently showed that relief of external constraint to left ventricular filling may also play a role. In this study, we evaluated the short-term hemodynamic effects in symptomatic patients with a QRS duration &lt;120 ms and no evidence of dyssynchrony on conventional criteria and assessed the effects on contractility and external constraint. Methods and Results— Thirty heart failure patients (New York Heart Association class III/IV) with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who were in sinus rhythm underwent pressure-volume studies at the time of pacemaker implantation. External constraint, left ventricular stroke work, dP/dtmax, and the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work relation were measured from the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation before and during delivery of biventricular and left ventricular pacing. The following changes were observed during delivery of cardiac resynchronization therapy: Cardiac output increased by 25±5% ( P &lt;0.05), absolute left ventricular stroke work increased by 26±5% ( P &lt;0.05), the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work relation increased by 51±15% ( P &lt;0.05), and dP/dtmax increased by 9±2% ( P &lt;0.05). External constraint was present in 15 patients and was completely abolished by both biventricular and left ventricular pacing ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusion— Cardiac resynchronization therapy results in an improvement in short-term hemodynamic variables in patients with a QRS &lt;120 ms related to both contractile improvement and relief of external constraint. These findings provide a potential physiological basis for cardiac resynchronization therapy in this patient population.
Deposition of eosinophil cationic protein in vascular lesions in temporal arteritis.
Authors: R Hallgren, B Gudbjornsson, E Larsson, K Fredens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The possible role of the eosinophil and its cytotoxic granule proteins in the vascular lesions seen in temporal arteritis was elucidated. Sixteen sections of biopsy specimens from arteria temporalis showing giant cell arteritis were stained for eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by polyclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase method. Activated eosinophils were identified by monoclonal antibodies linked to alkaline phosphatase. Activated eosinophils and secreted ECP were seen in all layers of the inflamed vessels and were most evident in necrotic lesions and thrombi. Only a small number of granulocytes seen in the adventitia were immunoreactive for cathepsin G, and no extracellular deposits of this neutrophil granule protein were seen. A few immunoreactive eosinophils were found in the adventitia in two of five negative temporal artery biopsy specimens from patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. All eight coronary artery biopsy specimens with atherosclerotic lesions showed no activated eosinophils or secreted ECP. These findings indicate that eosinophils are involved in the vascular lesion in temporal arteritis and suggest that cytotoxic eosinophil granule proteins may contribute to the necrotic lesions and the development of thrombi.
Lipolysis exposes unreactive endogenous apolipoprotein E-3 in human and rat plasma very low density lipoprotein.
Authors: E Sehayek, U Lewin-Velvert, T Chajek-Shaul, S Eisenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Endogenous apolipoprotein E in VLDL is poorly expressed in receptor binding processes. Yet catabolism of VLDL-remnants by cellular receptors depends on functional apo E molecules. To better understand remnant catabolism phenomena, we determined the metabolism of VLDL and post-lipolysis VLDL by cultured cells. Partial lipolysis was achieved by incubation of VLDL with lipoprotein lipase in vitro (human) or recirculation (rat) in supradiaphragmatic animals. Lipolyzed VLDL exhibit metabolic activities 2-20-fold higher than control VLDL, that are saturable and dependent on the presence of LDL receptors. The ligand responsible for receptor interaction of lipolyzed VLDL (apo E or apo B-100) and its source (endogenous or transferred) was studied with monoclonal antibodies and with lipoproteins from E-3/3 and E-2/2 subjects. The data unequivocally proved that lipolysis causes exposure of unreactive endogenous apo E-3 at the VLDL surface, possibly by a change of conformation of the protein. Apo B-100 becomes biologically expressed only in lipolyzed VLDL-III. Lipolyzed VLDL, however, is less reactive to exogenous apo E-3 than control VLDL indicating that endogenous and exogenous apo E are oriented differently in VLDL. It is proposed that VLDL delivers triglycerides to tissues when apo E is unreactive but becomes a remnant after the protein becomes exposed and directs the particles from lipoprotein lipase sites to cellular receptors.
Passive Dependency in Stutterers
Authors: ROBERT L. SADOFF, DONALD J. COLLINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors studied 22 stutterers being treated in group psychotherapy for 18 months. Most of the stutterers exhibited passive-dependent personality traits which prevented them from recognizing feelings and expressions of anger. The authors' treatment aimed indirectly at the stuttering symptom by showing the patients its defensive nature. Passive-dependent hostility then decreased and stuttering diminished.
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Mary Jean Moore, Stephen J. Marx, Allen M. Spiegel, Michael A. Levine, Rene E. Rizzoli, Roz D. Lasker, Arthur C. Santora, Robert W. Downs, Gerald D. Aurbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN 1972, Foley et al. described familial benign hypercalcemia in a kindred with 12 members who had hypercalcemia without substantial morbidity.1 We subsequently recognized and reported a similar syndrome in two large families.2 Since no hypercalcemic members of these three families had hypercalciuria, we chose the term "familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia" to describe this disorder. Although relatively common, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is diagnosed infrequently.Examination of this disorder can provide insight into manifestations of chronic hypercalcemia. In addition, because of the unique disturbance in the regulation of calcium and magnesium concentrations in serum, it can provide insight into the biochemical and . . .
Diagnosis of Diabetic Eye Disease
Authors: Barry Kutner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  It is interesting to note in the article by Sussman et al (1982;247:3231) and the editorial by Skyler (1982;247:3247) that nonophthalmologists missed the diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy around 50% of the time under ideal conditions (ie, dilated pupils and no time limit).  I believe a more revealing, but difficult study would have been to examine the nonophthalmologists' patients after a routine examination, ie, with the physicians' normal time constraints and examining conditions. Appropriate questions put to the physician dealing with diabetic patients are (1) Did you dilate the pupils? and (2) If not, do you think you did an adequate examination? Why or why not?  The answers that seem to be most common are that dilating the pupils takes too long and that it annoys the patient. To respond to the first complaint, the dilating drops could be instilled by a nurse before the examination or
NMR analysis of the structure and metal sequestering properties of metallothioneins.
Authors: C T Hunt, Y Boulanger, S W Fesik, I M Armitage
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

113Cd-NMR studies have been used to elucidate the structure of the metal-binding sites in mammalian and invertebrate ( Scylla serrata) metallothioneins (MTs). Chemical shift data have shown that all Cd ions are tetrahedrally coordinated to four cysteine thiolate ligands with single cysteinyl sulfurs bridging adjacent metals. Homonuclear decoupling experiments have shown that the 7 g-atoms of metal bound per mole of mammalian protein are located in a three- and a four-metal cluster while the 6 g-atoms of metal in the invertebrate MT are located in two three-metal clusters. The different metal binding affinities of the two mammalian clusters have been determined by 113Cd-NMR. The three-metal cluster prefers Cu greater than Zn greater than Cd whereas exactly the reverse order applies in the four-metal cluster. Proteolytic cleavage of the protein produced a 32-residue fragment which contained the four-metal cluster and demonstrated the presence of two separate domains in the protein. 500 MHz 1H-NMR has been employed to elucidate the arrangement of these metal clusters in the tertiary structure of the protein. The 1H resonances were assigned from their scalar and dipolar connectivities obtained from extensive one and two-dimensional NMR experiments. A specific application of 2D correlation spectroscopy ( COSY ) to the assignment of the 1H resonances in crab MT-1 is discussed. A molecular model, representing the three-dimensional solution structure of this protein, has been constructed based on an analysis of all these data. Detailed structural features of this model are discussed, with particular emphasis on their relationship to the function and evolution of the protein.
Early thrombolytic treatment
Authors: G H Hall
Journal: BMJ (1989)

them with a sample of patients who had had shingles but did not develop neuralgia.One of the findings was that the area of the residual scarring was considerably larger in those with post-herpetic neuralgia than in controls (p<0O001).2We there- fore suggest that measures that reduce-the residual scarring may reduce post-herpetic neuralgia.We know that acyclovir given early enough reduces the lesions during the severe attacks of shingles.'We agree with Dr Pamela Todd and Dr John Thomson4 that further studies are needed to look at the possible benefit of acyclovir in preventing post- herpetic neuralgia.Also, we suspect that the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia is falling.This proposition is supported by a recent study that found that the incidence was 13% at six months in patients over 605 and a study from 1957 that found an incidence of 83% in patients over 70.6If this is a true picture of the incidence of the disease and not a sampling error we suspect that it has declined because of a change in the virulence of the zoster virus.