tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal health services: an immodest proposal
Authors: A. J. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The global emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics can only be solved with adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies, both currently missing. The electropositive Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with abundant β-sheet structure serves as target for COVID-19 therapeutic drug design. Here, we discovered that ultrathin 2D CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (CIPS) nanosheets as a new agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which also able to promote viral host elimination. CIPS exhibits extremely high and selective binding capacity with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with consequent inhibition of virus entry and infection in ACE2-bearing cells and human airway epithelial organoids. CIPS displays nano-viscous properties in selectively binding with spike protein (<i>K<sub>D</sub></i> &lt; 1 pM) with negligible toxicity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Further, the CIPS-bound SARS-CoV-2 was quickly phagocytosed and eliminated by macrophages, suggesting CIPS could be successfully used to capture and facilitate the virus host elimination with possibility of triggering anti-viral immunization. Thus, we propose CIPS as a promising nanodrug for future safe and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, as well as for use as disinfection agent and surface coating material to constrain the SARS-CoV-2 spreading.
Obstetric and gynaecological factors in susceptibility to peripheral joint osteoarthritis.
Authors: A J Silman, J Newman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

There is clear evidence that the age period coinciding with the peak age of the menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis and this fits in with clinical observation of high likelihood of presentation at this age. A number of pieces of biological evidence also support the notion that changes in sex hormone status might influence risk of degenerative disease at peripheral joint sites. There do not appear, however, to be any important epidemiological predictors based on menstrual or obstetric history that might be useful in predicting who these women might be.
Using cheaper antibiotics to treat MRSA infection in India
Authors: A. Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I read Muscedere’s article on meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia with interest.1 

MRSA hospital acquired pneumonia is increasing in industrialised nations. In lower income countries like India, a definitive diagnosis is difficult mainly because of cost, low yield, and inadequate microbiological facilities, so initial antibiotic treatment is mostly empirical. In India, gram negative pathogens are reported more often than …
A Moving Meckel’s Diverticulum on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Imaging in a Patient With Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Bruce K. Adams, Abdulazim Abudia, Salim Awadh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Meckel’s diverticulum is one of the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the young. We report a case of a 16-year-old youth who presented with a 3-day history of bright red bleeding per rectum. Clinical examination revealed pallor but nothing else of note. The patient had a hemoglobin of 9 G% on admission. Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed and demonstrated an abnormal focus in the pelvis on the right that changed in position during the course of imaging. A laparotomy was done and a 5 × 2-cm Meckel’s diverticulum was removed from the ileum. Histopathologic examination revealed heterotopic gastric mucosa of the body type. The patient recovered fully after operation.
ISOLATION IN A GREAT CITY, HOW BEST ACCOMPLISHED.
Authors: SAMUEL P. DUFFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Subsequent to the fourteenth century, when the plague passed that gate of quarantine between infected districts and the civilized nations,<i>the world began to think</i>. Physicians and chemists turned their attention to<i>causes</i>of disease, and from the advanced knowledge obtained boards of health were developed. It was found that pecuniary loss from sickness and pestilence was so great that steps were taken to guard against the spread of contagious disease, and the laws of the land in regard to public health have gradually and surely developed into a system which has been successful in warding off these diseases and preventing serious epidemics. This was the first tree, tender and young, which, planted in the gloom and despair of a plague-stricken people, bears fruit today, ''for the healing of the nations." Our health laws and ordinances, pestilences and plagues have been great reformers. Old Pharaoh was no believer in bacteriology.
Expression of the angiotensinogen gene and localization of its protein in the human heart.
Authors: H Sawa, F Tokuchi, N Mochizuki, Y Endo, Y Furuta, T Shinohara, A Takada, H Kawaguchi, H Yasuda, K Nagashima
Journal: Circulation (1992)

There have been no reports on the presence of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in the human heart, although the presence of angiotensinogen has been described in the animal heart.To determine whether angiotensinogen is synthesized in the human heart, we examined angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in autopsy hearts by using ribonuclease protection assay. As a result, angiotensinogen mRNA was detected in the atrial muscle, muscles of the conduction system, and the left ventricular wall. In the left ventricular wall, mRNA expression was more prominent in the subendocardial muscles than in the midcardial or epicardial muscles. Using a monoclonal antibody to human angiotensinogen in immunoblotting experiments, we detected two closely spaced bands at approximately 70 kd in the heart, which was quite consistent with the human angiotensinogen molecule. Immunohistochemical studies with this monoclonal antibody demonstrated intense immunoreactivity in the atrial muscles, the muscles of the conduction system, and those of the subendocardial layers.We conclude that angiotensinogen was synthesized in the human heart. It was evident that the localization of angiotensinogen was not ubiquitous in the cardiac muscles, showing its predilection for the atrial muscles, muscles of the conduction system, and subendocardial layer of the left ventricle.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery
Authors: John S. Douglas, Andreas R. Gruentzig, Spencer B. King, Jay Hollman, Thomas Ischinger, Bernhard Meier, Joseph M. Craver, Ellis L. Jones, John L. Waller, David K. Bone, Robert Guyton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
Hyperhomocysteinemia but Not the C677T Mutation of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Is an Independent Risk Determinant of Carotid Wall Thickening
Authors: Brendan M. McQuillan, John P. Beilby, Mark Nidorf, Peter L. Thompson, Joseph Hung
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study examined whether a modest elevation of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was an independent risk factor for increased carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickness (IMT) and focal plaque formation in a large, randomly selected community population. We also examined whether vitamin cofactors and the C677T genetic mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme were major contributors to elevated plasma tHcy and carotid vascular disease.In 1111 subjects (558 men, 553 women) 52+/-13 years old (mean+/-SD; range, 27 to 77 years) recruited from a random electoral roll survey, we measured fasting tHcy and performed bilateral carotid B-mode ultrasound. For the total population, mean tHcy was 12.1+/-4.0 micromol/L. Plasma tHcy levels were correlated with IMT (Spearman rank rs=0.31, P=0.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, and other conventional risk factors, subjects in the highest versus the lowest quartile of tHcy had an odds ratio of 2.60 (95% CI, 1.51 to 4.45) for increased IMT and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.10 to 2.82) for plaque. Serum and dietary folate levels and the C677T mutation in MTHFR were independent determinants of tHcy (all P=0.0001). The mutant homozygotes (10% of the population) had higher mean tHcy than heterozygotes or those without the mutation (14.2 versus 12.3 versus 11.6 micromol/L, respectively, P=0.0001). The inverse association of folate levels with tHcy was steeper in the mutant homozygotes. Despite this, the C677T MTHFR mutation was not independently predictive of increased carotid IMT or plaque formation.Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for increased carotid artery wall thickness and plaque formation in a general population. Lower levels of dietary folate intake and the C677T mutation in MTHFR are important causes of mild hyperhomocysteinemia and may therefore contribute to vascular disease in the community.
P1-212: Impact of early concurrent chemoradiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited disease small cell lung cancer treatment - experience since 2000
Authors: Milada Zemanova, Lubos Petruzelka, Petr Zatloukal, Miloslav Marel, Hana Honova, Libor Havel, Karolina Kasparova
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
CENTENARY OF DEATH OF LAËNNEC
Authors: A. E. Fossier
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This year commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the death of a great physician, René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec, the discoverer of the stethoscope. Laënnec has gained immortality because he opened a field for exploration and also for the reason that he laid the foundation stone of modern knowledge of diseases of the chest and their diagnosis by mediate auscultation, and not solely because he was the inventor of the stethoscope, although it is the first instrument in the hands of the medical tyro, and the constant companion of the physician throughout his medical career. The glory of Laënnec is consecrated: it is inexhaustible. Time, the supreme judge, awing in its cold impartiality, increases each and every day the reputation of the one who has given to us auscultation: every physician the world over who auscultates the chest of a living being becomes by that very fact his disciple.
Defensive Medicine: It Costs, but Does it Work?
Authors: Jeffrey E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Reynolds et al<sup>1</sup>take a giant first step in replacing loose conjecture about "defensive medicine" with formal quantitative analysis. From 1983 to 1984, Reynolds et al estimate that the average malpractice insurance premium rose by $1300 to $8400 annually. Concurrently, in response to a perceived increase in malpractice risks, American Medical Association—surveyed physicians reported changes in their medical practices that were worth an additional $4600 per physician per year. The $4600 increase in defensive medicine costs was more than 3.5 times the concomitant $1800 increase in premiums. From such a finding, Reynolds and colleagues posit that each $1 of malpractice risk—as gauged by insurance premiums— induces $3.50 in defensive medicine expenditures. Hence, the average physician who paid $8400 in malpractice premiums for 1984 was responsible for a total annual health care expenditure of $30 000 for defensive medicine. Reynolds et al acknowledge that
Musical Hallucinations From Meningioma
Authors: Michael Scott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Elliott D. Ross, MD (240:1716, 1978), was interesting and instructive. His description of musical hallucinations in deafness brought to mind an unusual case reported by Fay and me<sup>1</sup>in 1939 of musical auditory and formed visual hallucinations. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 45-year-old woman had a history of right-sided convulsions often preceded by an aura of "giddiness" and numbness of the right upper and lower extremity. She later had daily combined visual and auditory hallucinations of groups of persons or "quartets." She could see only the upper half of these persons, and they appeared to her singing church hymns or "Uncle Ezra Barn Dance Songs." They wore apparel of various vague colors. She could never accurately identify them, but the pitch of the voices suggested women. She had episodes of anomia, jargonaphasia, and verbigeration, during which her husband feared she was "going crazy." At
Relation between Radiographic Categories of Coalworkers' Pneumoconiosis and Expectation of Life
Authors: A. L. Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A 20-year follow-up of the male population of the Rhondda Fach, examined in 1950-1, has been completed. Survival rates for miners and ex-miners appear independent of the x-ray category of pneumoconiosis except for category B or C, where survival rates are much reduced.
Comparison of the efficacy of preservative free ipratropium bromide and Atrovent nebuliser solution.
Authors: P Rafferty, R Beasley, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The paradoxical bronchoconstriction observed with commercially available isotonic ipratropium bromide nebuliser solution (Atrovent) in patients with asthma results from an adverse reaction to the preservatives, benzalkonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA). The airway response to inhaled Atrovent and preservative free ipratropium bromide nebuliser solutions has been examined in a double blind study. On separate occasions 30 asthmatic subjects inhaled 2 ml of the solutions and airway calibre was measured in terms of FEV1 for 45 minutes. Atrovent nebuliser solution provoked a greater than 20% fall in FEV1 in five of the 30 subjects, whereas this did not occur after preservative free ipratropium bromide. Inhalation of the preservative free solution resulted in more rapid and greater overall bronchodilatation than Atrovent, with mean maximum increases in FEV1 of 29.2% and 18.5% respectively. It is concluded that the risk of paradoxical bronchoconstriction with ipratropium bromide is considerably reduced by removal of benzalkonium chloride and EDTA and that preservative free ipratropium bromide is a more potent bronchodilator than the currently available Atrovent solution.
Cross-sectional echocardiographic characterization of aortic obstruction. 1. Supravalvular aortic stenosis and aortic hypoplasia.
Authors: A E Weyman, R L Caldwell, R A Hurwitz, D A Girod, J C Dillon, H Feigenbaum, D Green
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Cross-sectional echocardiographic and cineangiographic studies of the left ventricular outflow tract and ascending aorta were performed in five patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (four hourglass and one hypoplastic). Visualization of the area of obstruction was possible in each patient using the cross-sectional system. In each case the echocardiographically determined diameter at the level of obstruction was within 3 mm of the similar angiographic value. Assessment of the extent of the lesion was possible in four of five cases. In three of these four cases the echocardiographic measurement was within 5 mm of the angiographic measurement while in the fourth the obstruction was felt to involve the total ascending aorta by both techniques. Determination of percent decrease in LVOT diameter from the aortic anulus to the level of obstruction was useful in defining obstruction and estimating severity. Cross-sectional echocardiography is a valuable noninvasive method for evaluating the ascending aorta in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis.
1303 HUMAN BETARETROVIRUS INFECTION IS DETECTED IN PBC PATIENTS BILIARY EPITHELIUM AND TRIGGERS THE MITOCHONDRIAL PHENOTYPE OF PBC
Authors: W. Wang, S. Gilady, A. Mojiri, B. Meng, S. Wasilenko, S. Indik, J. Law, G. Wong, A. Mason
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
380 IFN-γ or IL-15 restores the impaired helper T-cell polarizing ability of blood dendritic cell subsets in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: T KANTO, A SATO, M INOUE, H MIYATAKE, M SAKAKIBARA, T YAKUSHIJIN, C OKI, T TAKEHARA, N HAYASHI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

This study evaluates the mRNA expression profile of genes TIMP1, TIMP2, MMP2 and MMP9 in diagnostic bone marrow samples from 134 consecutive ALL children by real-time quantitative PCR. A significant association was observed between higher expression levels of MMP9 and low risk group and absence of extramedullary infiltration and higher expression levels of TIMP2 and MMP2 with T-ALL. TIMP1 gene expression values higher than the median were associated with a significantly lower 5-year event free-survival in univariable (P = 0.04) and multivariable analysis (P = 0.01). Our data address new information in the complex interaction of the migration/adhesion genes and childhood ALL.
Adenine nucleotide loss in the skeletal muscles during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: M C Steiner
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Skeletal muscle adenine nucleotide loss has been associated with fatigue during high intensity exercise in healthy subjects but has not been studied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Changes in adenine nucleotides and other metabolites in the skeletal muscles were measured in patients with COPD and age matched healthy volunteers by obtaining biopsy samples from the quadriceps muscle at rest and following a standardised exercise challenge.Eighteen patients with COPD (mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second 38.1 (16.8)%) and eight age matched healthy controls were studied. Biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest and immediately after a 5 minute constant workload cycle test performed at 80% peak work achieved during a maximal incremental cycle test performed previously.The absolute workload at which exercise was performed was substantially lower in the COPD group than in the controls (56.7 (15.9) W v 143.2 (26.3) W, p<0.01). Despite this, there was a significant loss of adenosine triphosphate (mean change 4.3 (95% CI -7.0 to -1.6), p<0.01) and accumulation of inosine monophosphate (2.03 (95% CI 0.64 to 3.42), p<0.01) during exercise in the COPD group that was similar to the control group (-4.8 (95% CI -9.7 to 0.08), p = 0.053 and 1.6 (95% CI 0.42 to 2.79), p<0.01, respectively).These findings indicate that the ATP demands of exercise were not met by resynthesis from oxidative and non-oxidative sources. This suggests that significant metabolic stress occurs in the skeletal muscles of COPD patients during whole body exercise at low absolute workloads similar to those required for activities of daily living.
Poor Substitutes — Why Cooperatives and Triggers Can't Achieve the Goals of a Public Option
Authors: Jacob S. Hacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

According to a recent survey, a majority of U.S. physicians support health care reform that includes a new national public health insurance plan, which would compete with private plans.1 Polls have shown that a substantial majority of Americans support the public option as well.Yet the idea has occasioned considerable controversy on Capitol Hill. Senate Finance Committee chairman Max Baucus (D-MT) recently unveiled his draft bill (the chairman's “mark”), which contains no competing public plan. Instead, it substitutes the largely untested idea of providing federal loans and start-up funds to encourage the creation of decentralized, member-run health care “cooperatives.” Another . . .
Scientists discover a gene involved in diabetes and obesity
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Canadian scientists have discovered a gene implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes (Science 1999;283:1544-8). The gene encodes an enzyme known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) and plays a part in regulating insulin resistance and sensitivity through interacting with the insulin receptor. The discovery may lead to new drugs to treat the disorders.

Researchers from McGill University led by Dr Michel Tremblay and Dr Mounib Elchelbly and a team of scientists led by Brian Kennedy from the Merck Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research in Quebec, Canada, genetically engineered mice in which the gene for PTB-1B was knocked out.

These “knockout mice” were then compared with wild …
New sources add to lead poisoning concerns
Authors: T. Benevich
Journal: JAMA (1990)

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Injectable 3D Hydrogel Scaffold with Tailorable Porosity Post‐Implantation
Authors: Aswan Al‐Abboodi, Jing Fu, Pauline M. Doran, Timothy T. Y. Tan, Peggy P. Y. Chan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Since rates of tissue growth vary significantly between tissue types, and also between individuals due to differences in age, dietary intake, and lifestyle‐related factors, engineering a scaffold system that is appropriate for personalized tissue engineering remains a significant challenge. In this study, a gelatin‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid/carboxylmethylcellulose‐tyramine (Gtn‐HPA/CMC‐Tyr) porous hydrogel system that allows the pore structure of scaffolds to be altered in vivo after implantation is developed. Cross‐linking of Gtn‐HPA/CMC‐Tyr hydrogels via horseradish peroxidase oxidative coupling is examined both in vitro and in vivo. Post‐implantation, further alteration of the hydrogel structure is achieved by injecting cellulase enzyme to digest the CMC component of the scaffold; this treatment yields a structure with larger pores and higher porosity than hydrogels without cellulase injection. Using this approach, the pore sizes of scaffolds are altered in vivo from 32–87 μm to 74–181 μm in a user‐controled manner. The hydrogel is biocompatible to COS‐7 cells and has mechanical properties similar to those of soft tissues. The new hydrogel system developed in this work provides clinicians with the ability to tailor the structure of scaffolds post‐implantation depending on the growth rate of a tissue or an individual's recovery rate, and could thus be ideal for personalized tissue engineering.
Glucocorticoid sensitivity of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma is associated with glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of Notch1 expression
Authors: S Cialfi, R Palermo, S Manca, S Checquolo, D Bellavia, M Pelullo, R Quaranta, C Dominici, A Gulino, I Screpanti, C Talora
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Respiratory Physiology of the Fetus and Newborn Infant
Authors: L. S. James, K. Adamsons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Circulatory Readjustments after BirthContrary to earlier belief, the transition from fetal to adult type of circulation is not an abrupt process but a gradual one, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus remaining open for varying lengths of time. This was first suggested from observations on newborn puppies by Everett and Johnson57 and later on human infants by both Prec and Cassels58 and Eldridge, Hultgren and Wigmore.59 Experiments on newborn lambs by Dawes et al.60 revealed that the direction of flow through the ductus arteriosus reverses after birth. This transitional circulation was soon shown to be present also in the . . .