tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen: Angewandte Physiologie und funktionelle Therapie
Authors: F. Mainzer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This monumental treatise of 2,196 pages summarizes the life work of one of the foremost German cardiologists and his collaborator (and wife). The senior author is well equipped to write a work of such a wide scope, having made many personal contributions to the pathological anatomy and physiology of the heart as well as to clinical cardiology, including some textbooks. However, the work is not a textbook in the narrow meaning of the word, where every subject has its space allotted according to its intrinsic importance. It is written rather in the discursive style, although not in the form of lectures, where personal interest of the authors has its bearing on the emphasis given to every subject. Pathologic physiology, diseases of the coronary arteries with their vast field of intricacies, functional pathology and therapy of the circulation are chapters which they have specially at heart. In other respects also the
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and liver is commonly found in chinese patients with chronic liver disease despite the presence of antibodies to HBsAg
Authors: Yong-Yuan Zhang, Bengt Göran Hansson, Lin Sheng Kuo, Anders Widell, Erik Nordenfelt
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Sera from 410 patients from the Wuhan area in the central part of China with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease were analyzed for markers of hepatitis B, C and D virus infections. All sera, plus liver biopsy specimens from 188 of the patients, were also tested for hepatitis B virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-eight percent were HBsAg positive in serum, whereas 29% showed markers of past hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in all HBeAg-positive sera but also in 58% of patients with HBe antibody. In the liver specimens of the corresponding patient groups, 97% and 78%, respectively, were hepatitis B virus DNA positive. However, more noteworthy was that of the HBsAg-negative/HBsantibody positive patients 30% had detectable hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and 32% had hepatitis B virus DNA in liver tissue, whereas in a control group of healthy blood donors, of which 90% had HBs antibody, none was hepatitis B virus DNA positive. Our results demonstrate that among patients with chronic liver disease, infections with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis B virus-related virus(es) may frequently occur without being revealed by conventional serological methods. Hepatitis C and D viruses seem to be of only minor importance in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in this part of China. (Hepatology 1993;17:538-544.)
AKT is a therapeutic target in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: I Khan, Z Huang, Q Wen, M J Stankiewicz, L Gilles, B Goldenson, R Schultz, L Diebold, S Gurbuxani, C M Finke, T L Lasho, P Koppikar, A Pardanani, B Stein, J K Altman, R L Levine, A Tefferi, J D Crispino
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Performance of Women Candidates on the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination, 1973-1982
Authors: JOHN J. NORCINI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Trends in the performances of female and male candidates taking the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination from 1973 through 1982 were examined. The mean scores of female candidates who graduated from medical schools in the United States or Canada and who were taking the examination for the first time improved from 428 to 470, and the percentage of those passing improved from 59% to 76%. The number of women taking the examination also increased markedly, by over 500%. Performance of female candidates remained slightly lower than that of male candidates, regardless of the quality of the residency training program or the medical school from which a candidate had graduated or the rating given a candidate by the director of the candidate's residency program. Except for the oldest candidates, age followed this pattern as well. Our findings suggest that the gender gap in scores on the Certifying Examination in Internal Medicine is narrowing.
Comparison of 90Y ferric hydroxide colloid with the citrate and resin colloids. A preliminary animal study.
Authors: J M Gumpel, R Hasp, G Loewi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

41 (2) 4-5 (3) 0 (3) Citrate (Saclay) 85 (2) 69 (2) 51 (2) 0-4 (3) 0-6 24 hrs 0-1 48 hrs 0-0 168 hrs Percentage of injected dose, corrected for decay.() No. of organs counted for each mean.
Electrical properties of the rabbit cortical collecting duct from obstructed and contralateral kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Authors: S Muto, Y Miyata, Y Asano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Electrophysiological techniques were used to determine the electrical properties of the collecting duct (CD) cell in the isolated cortical collecting duct from obstructed (UUOOK) and contralateral (UUOCK) kidneys in rabbits 24 h after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO); results were compared with those from sham-operated kidneys. The lumen-negative transepithelial voltage and the basolateral membrane voltage (VB) were decreased in the UUOOK, and increased in the UUOCK. The transepithelial conductance (GT) was decreased in parallel with an increase in the fractional apical membrane resistance (fRA) and a decrease in apical membrane conductance in the UUOOK. By contrast, the GT was increased in parallel with increases in apical and basolateral membrane conductances in the UUOCK. The amiloride-sensitive changes in apical membrane voltage (VA), GT and fRA were lower in the UUOOK, but greater in the UUOCK. The changes in VA and GT upon raising the perfusate K+ concentration and upon addition of luminal Ba2+ were decreased in the UUOOK, and increased in the UUOCK. Addition of ouabain to the bath resulted in a smaller depolarization of VB in the UUOOK, but in a greater depolarization in the UUOCK. Upon lowering bath Cl-, the change in basolateral membrane electromotive force (delta EMF) was increased in the UUOOK, and decreased in the UUOCK. Reversely, upon raising bath K+, the delta EMF was decreased in the UUOOK, and increased in the UUOCK. We conclude: (a) the conductances of Na+ and K+ in the apical membrane, and active Na(+)-K+ pump activity and relative K+ conductance in the basolateral membrane are decreased in the UUOOK, and increased in the UUOCK; (b) the relative basolateral membrane Cl- conductance was increased in the UUOOK, and decreased in the UUOCK.
Abstract 3835: <i>Ex vivo</i> 3D assay: rapid and reliable replication of the <i>in vivo</i> anti-tumor efficacy of c-Met inhibitors.
Authors: Sabine Gorynia, Jianing Guo, Andreas Ackermann, Armin Maier, Rebekka Krumbach, Gerhard Kelter, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Thomas Metz, Thomas Metcalfe, Heiner H. Fiebig
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract For compounds directed against molecular targets expressed in tumor cells, the ex vivo 3D tumor clonogenic assay (TCA) is a rapid and reliable ex vivo assay with a high predictive value for in vivo tumor sensitivity. Single cell suspensions prepared from patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) growing subcutaneously in nude mice or from cultured human tumor cell lines are seeded in semisolid medium and tumor colony formation is monitored in the presence or absence of test compounds over a period of one to three weeks. Based on experiments with up to 70 PDX, we have demonstrated that the TCA accurately replicates the in vivo sensitivity of PDX towards cMet inhibitors across all major tumor histologies. More specifically, all three NSCLC PDX that regressed in response to cMet inhibition in in vivo efficacy tests were sensitive to several cMet inhibitors in the ex vivo TCA. By contrast, data obtained with a 2D cell proliferation and survival assay did not correlate with the 3D and in vivo situations, suggesting that cMet function does not affect cell survival and proliferation on plastic but confers the capacity for anchorage-independent growth. The correlation of 3D but not 2D data with in vivo sensitivity was confirmed using anti-cMet siRNAs in selected PDX-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Preliminary immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PDX sensitive to cMet inhibitors expressed high cMet levels while not all PDX expressing high cMet levels were sensitive to cMet inhibitors. In conclusion, for cMet inhibitors the TCA replicates in vivo sensitivities of PDX to a high degree. Due to its short duration the TCA is an excellent tool for the screening of large numbers of cMet inhibitors and PDX. As all of the PDX qualified for use in the TCA (&amp;gt;200) have been extensively molecularly characterised (gene expression, gene copy number variation and mutation analysis) this assay is also an excellent tool for generating high quality biomarker hypotheses during the preclinical profiling of molecules intended for oncology indications. Citation Format: Sabine Gorynia, Jianing Guo, Andreas Ackermann, Armin Maier, Rebekka Krumbach, Gerhard Kelter, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Thomas Metz, Thomas Metcalfe, Heiner H. Fiebig. Ex vivo 3D assay: rapid and reliable replication of the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of c-Met inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3835
Priming by platelet-activating factor of endotoxin-induced lung injury and cardiovascular shock.
Authors: R Rabinovici, K M Esser, P G Lysko, T L Yue, D E Griswold, L M Hillegass, P J Bugelski, J M Hallenbeck, G Feuerstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a glycerophospholipid known for its unusual potent vasoactive and proinflammatory activities. The present study examined whether PAF might serve as a priming factor in endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) synthesis, cardiovascular shock, and lung injury in anesthetized rats. Intravenous infusion of PAF (1 pmol/kg/min for 60 minutes, n = 5) alone or endotoxin (0.1 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus, n = 5) failed to alter blood pressure, serum TNF alpha and thromboxane B2, platelet and leukocyte count, and hematocrit, nor was lung histology, myeloperoxidase activity, and water content changed. In contrast, the combined administration of PAF and endotoxin markedly elevated serum TNF alpha (1,359 +/- 362 pg/ml, n = 5, p less than 0.01) and thromboxane B2 (43 +/- 5 pg/100 microliters, n = 8, p less than 0.01) along with hypotension, hemoconcentration, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most notably, the combined regimen caused neutrophil aggregation, adhesion, and accumulation into the lung parenchyma along with platelet-fibrin deposits in postcapillary venules, pulmonary edema, and increased lung myeloperoxidase activity. The role of PAF in this process was confirmed by 1) the prevention of the priming effect by pretreatment with the PAF antagonist BN 50739 (n = 5), and 2) the failure of lyso-PAF, the cardinal nonactive PAF-metabolite, to prime for endotoxin-induced production of TNF alpha (n = 4). These data suggest that PAF could serve as a key mediator in priming for endotoxin-induced tissue injury, especially the typical pulmonary pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome, a severe pathological outcome of septic shock, burns, and multiple organ injury.
Public Health Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Leeka Kheifets, Abdelmonem A. Afifi, Riti Shimkhada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The association between exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF) and childhood leukemia has led to the classification of magnetic fields by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a "possible human carcinogen." This association is regarded as the critical effect in risk assessment. Creating effective policy in light of widespread exposure and the undisputed value of safe, reliable, and economic electricity to society is difficult and requires estimates of the potential public health impact and associated uncertainties.
RECENT TRENDS IN TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Elliott Mendenhall
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Among all the diseases to which human flesh is subjected tuberculosis still remains the first cause of death in the world. The death rate from this scourge has been markedly decreased in the United States, but the morbidity rate remains comparatively high. It might be well to remember, too, that there are places in the western hemisphere where the death rate is not 20 to 30 per 100,000, as it is in the United States, but 500 per 100,000. With modern rapid means of transportation and the consequent increase in mingling of peoples between countries, the control of tuberculosis poses an even greater problem from the epidemiological standpoint. To meet this increasing problem, and in an effort eventually to eradicate the disease, scientists and practitioners of medicine have for the past several years redoubled their efforts to find a biologic cure for tuberculosis. Any chronic disease for which there is
Unidirectional transfer of prostaglandin endoperoxides between platelets and endothelial cells.
Authors: A I Schafer, D D Crawford, M A Gimbrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

An important determinant of platelet-vessel wall interactions is the local balance of production of endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) and platelet thromboxane (TX) A2, labile eicosanoids with opposing effects on hemostasis. Disputed evidence suggests that platelet-derived prostaglandin endoperoxide intermediates may be utilized as substrates for vascular PGI2 synthesis. Using several different approaches, we have found that platelets can transfer endoperoxides to cultured endothelial cells for efficient conversion to PGI2, but a reciprocal transfer of endothelial endoperoxides for utilization by platelet thromboxane synthetase does not occur under the same experimental conditions. However, platelets can utilize arachidonic acid released by endothelial cells for lipoxygenase metabolism. We have directly demonstrated the production of [3H]6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the breakdown product of [3H]PGI2) by aspirin-treated endothelial cells in the presence of platelets stimulated with [3H]arachidonic acid. In coincubation experiments using either arachidonate or ionophore A23187 as a stimulus, radioimmunoassay of the net production of arachidonic acid metabolites showed that 6-keto-PGF1 alpha generation by aspirin-treated endothelial cells in the presence of platelets may actually exceed its generation by uninhibited endothelial cells alone. In functional assays, platelet aggregation was inhibited in the presence of aspirin-treated endothelial cells after stimulation with either arachidonate or ionophore A23187. In contrast, the inverse experiments, using aspirin-treated platelets and uninhibited endothelial cells, failed to demonstrate platelet utilization of endothelial endoperoxides for TXA2 production by any of the above methods. These studies thus provide evidence that efficient unidirectional transfer and utilization of platelet-derived endoperoxides for endothelial PGI2 production can occur. This process may serve to amplify PGI2 generation adjacent to areas of vascular injury and permit tight localization of platelet plug formation at these sites.
Peripheral Embolism from an Aortic-Arch Atheroma
Authors: Joshua A. Beckman, Marie Gerhard-Herman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

to the editor: In Images in Clinical Medicine (Dec.11 issue), 1 Lee and Chandraratna provide evidence of dry gangrene in the right foot of a 62-year-old man and evidence of a mobile arch atheroma.They suggest that thromboembolism from atheroma is an important cause of stroke and peripheral embolism.We agree.However, we would suggest that this is not a case of "thromboembolism," as it is characterized in the second paragraph.The presence of both the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in the affected foot suggests that there has not been a fibroplatelet embolic event.Indeed, this constellation is more suggestive of cholesterol crystal embolization -how else to explain the preserved pulses?Also, single-vessel infrapopliteal occlusion typically does not cause intermittent claudication, much less gangrene.We suggest that the transesophageal echocardiogram reveals a ruptured plaque and substrate for cholesterol emboli, not thromboembolism.
Observations on the temperature causing mucosal damage in the dog during gastric freezing.
Authors: J E Lennard-Jones, T Smith, G Farrer-Brown, R D Peduzzi
Journal: Gut (1966)

COMMENT This paper provides clear-cut evidence of the critical level at which mucosal necrosis occurs.It has become increasingly clear that therapeutically useful damage to secretory cells cannot be achieved without a great risk of necrosis.'Gastric freezing' as a treatment for duodenal ulcer was introduced by Wangensteen, Peter, Nicoloff, Walder, Sosin, and Bernstein, in 1962.Since then, many patients have been treated in this way and, amongst other complications, gastric ulceration has occurred (A.M.A. Survey, 1964) and has been a cause of death.There is controversy as to the critical temperature at which mucosal damage occurs.Experimentally, Wangensteen and his colleagues found that an inflow temperature to a gastric balloon of -25 °C.for one hour in dogs appeared to produce no permanent damage to the gastric wall, although they did find damage soon after freezing (Allcock, Carpenter, Bernstein, Peter, and Wangensteen, 1963).Mcllrath, Hallenbeck, Allen, Mann, Baldes, Brown, and Rovelstad (1963), however, observed in dogs and pigs that whenever portions of the stomach were frozen solidly, necrosis of some gastric tissue occurred.These results were supported by those of Blumgart, Kay, Naylor, and Kugler (1964) who suggested that the submucosal temperature at which ulceration occurs is between -2 and -3 5°C.Gilat, Clapp, Sherlock, Creemers, Tayao, Lipkin, and Almy (1964), on the other hand, concluded from their study that no permanent damage ensued after freezing the major portion of the canine stomach for one hour.At the other extreme, Atik, Balart, Isla, and McHardy (1965) found that when- ever the submucosal temperature fell to +10°C.
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO WAX-LIKE MATERIALS FROM ACID-FAST BACTERIA
Authors: F. R. Sabin, K. C. Smithburn, R. M. Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. The unsaponifiable fractions of the Mycobacteria, though insoluble in water and extremely stable chemical compounds, are nevertheless remarkable stimulants of cells. 2. They give rise to new monocytes which surround these waxes and then fuse into giant cells which engulf them. 3. The property of acid-fastness of the waxes makes it possible to identify them within the giant cells which have phagocytized them. 4. Within the foreign body giant cells the waxes are slowly disintegrated. They appear not to damage the cells which engulf them, and hence one may infer that they take no part in caseation. 5. They have no effect on the resistance of the host.
Optimal timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Emilio Paolo Alessandrino, Matteo G. Della Porta, Luca Malcovati, Christopher H Jackson, Cristiana Pascutto, Andrea Bacigalupo, Maria Teresa van Lint, Michele Falda, Massimo Bernardi, Francesco Onida, Stefano Guidi, Anna Paola Iori, Raffaella Cerretti, Paola Marenco, Pietro Pioltelli, Emanuele Angelucci, Rosi Oneto, Francesco Ripamonti, Alessandro Rambaldi, Alberto Bosi, Mario Cazzola
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only curative treatment for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but involves non‐negligible morbidity and mortality. Registry studies have shown that advanced disease stage at transplantation is associated with inferior overall survival. To define the optimal timing of allogeneic HSCT, we carried out a decision analysis by studying 660 patients who received best supportive care and 449 subjects who underwent transplantation. Risk assessment was based on both the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the World Health Organization classification‐based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS). We used a continuous‐time multistate Markov model to describe the natural history of disease and evaluate the effect of allogeneic HSCT on survival. This model estimated life expectancy from diagnosis according to treatment policy at different risk stages. Relative to supportive care, estimated life expectancy increased when transplantation was delayed from the initial stages until progression to intermediate‐1 IPSS‐risk or to intermediate WPSS‐risk stage, and then decreased for higher risks. Modeling decision analysis on WPSS versus IPSS allowed better estimation of the optimal timing of transplantation. These observations indicate that allogeneic HSCT offers optimal survival benefits when the procedure is performed before MDS patients progress to advanced disease stages. Am. J. Hematol. 88:581–588, 2013. © 2013 The Authors Americanl Journal of Hematology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 2549: A genome-wide association study identifies PSCA as a susceptibility locus for gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer in the Japanese population.
Authors: Chizu Tanikawa, Koichi Matsuda, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Through a genome-wide association analysis using a total of 7,035 duodenal ulcer cases and 25,323 controls of Japanese populations, we identified two susceptibility loci at the Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) on 8q24 and at the ABO blood group (ABO) on 9q34. A C-allele of rs2294008 at PSCA increased the risk of duodenal ulcer (odds ratio (OR) of 1.84 with P value of 3.92 x 10-33) in a recessive model, while it decreased the risk of gastric cancer (OR of 0.79 with P value of 6.79 x 10-12) as reported previously. A T-allele of SNP rs2294008 created the upstream translational initiation codon and affects the protein localization from cytoplasm to cell surface. SNP rs505922 on ABO also associated with duodenal ulcer in a recessive model (OR of 1.32 with P value of 1.15 x 10-10). Our finding implies the crucial roles of genetic variations on the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer. Citation Format: Chizu Tanikawa, Koichi Matsuda, Yusuke Nakamura. A genome-wide association study identifies PSCA as a susceptibility locus for gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer in the Japanese population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2549
A NEW METHOD OF LATERAL ANASTOMOSIS.PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: AXEL WERELIUS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The object of this paper is only to record the technic of the operation. The result of experimental work now in progress will be published later. <h3>Step 1.</h3> —Fix by guy suture opposing surfaces of intestines, or stomach and intestine, as the case may be, and sew (Fig. 1) with running through-and-through suture. <h3>Step 2.</h3> —Insert a silk or twine ligature or silver wire (Fig. 2), running into lumen of bowels, as in the McGraw ligature. <h3>Step 3.</h3> —Cover the silk ligature by folding adjacent parts of intestines over it and sew with through-and-through suture, leaving the free ends of the silk ligature on the outside (Fig. 3). <h3>Step 4.</h3> —An assistant holds the united tissues firmly on the opposite side of the free ends of the ligature. By alternate pulling of the right and left ends of the silk ligature, the