tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computer Searching of the Medical Literature
Authors: PATRICIA RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1987Computer Searching of the Medical LiteraturePATRICIA RYAN, M.L.S., DIANE WINAND, M.L.S., HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D., WARNER V. SLACK, M.D., DOUGLAS PORTER, Ed.D.PATRICIA RYAN, M.L.S.Search for more papers by this author, DIANE WINAND, M.L.S.Search for more papers by this author, HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WARNER V. SLACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DOUGLAS PORTER, Ed.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-168_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo The editor: A study by Haynes and colleagues (1) published last year in Annals drew conclusions that appear to be invalid. These conclusions were presented again in a recent article (2).The goal of the study was to see which of the currently available computer programs is best suited for clinicians who wish to do their own searches of the biomedical literature. When we read the initial article, however, we were surprised that clinicians had not participated in the study. Rather, the authors used well-trained, experienced, research and reference librarians to compare 17 routes to the MEDLINE database from...References1. HAYNESMCKIBBONWALKER RKC. Computer searching of the medical literature. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:812-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAYNESMCKIBBONFITZGERALDGUYATTWALKERSACKETT RKDGCD. How to keep up with the medical literature: V. Access by personal computer to the medical literature. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:810-24. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ARBEIT R. Online systems for searching MEDLINE [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:442. Google Scholar4. HAYNESMCKIBBONWALKERBAKERFITZGERALDGUYATT RKCLDG. Online systems for searching MEDLINE [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:442-3. Google Scholar5. LEININGER N. Online systems for searching MEDLINE [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:443. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. Leninger N. Online systems for searching MEDLINE [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:443. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. HAYNES R. Searching the medical literature [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:472. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PATRICIA RYAN, M.L.S.; DIANE WINAND, M.L.S.; HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D.; WARNER V. SLACK, M.D.; DOUGLAS PORTER, Ed.D.Affiliations: Center for Clinical Computing Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPaperChase: For Medline searchingPaperChaseWARNER V. SLACK, M.D., HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D. 1 January 1987Volume 106, Issue 1Page: 168-169KeywordsComputersDatabasesSoftware tools ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Studies on cadmium-induced inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug biotransformation in the rat.
Authors: R C Schnell, J R Means, S A Roberts, D H Pence
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of hepatic microsomal drug biotransformation in the rat. Male rats receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of cadmium exhibit significant decreases in hepatic microsomal metabolism of a variety of substrates. The threshold cadmium dose is 0.84 mg Cd/kg, and the effect lasts at least 28 days. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect results from decreased cytochrome P-450 content since cadmium does not alter NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. This effect is also observed following acute oral administration of cadmium in doses greater than 80 mg Cd/kg but is not observed following chronic administration of the metal via drinking water in concentrations of 5-200 ppm for periods ranging from 2 to 50 weeks. A tolerance to the inhibitory cadmium effect is observed if male rats are pretreated with subthreshold doses of the metal prior to the challenge cadmium dose. The degree of tolerance can be overcome by increasing the challenge dose of cadmium. Characterization of the tolerance phenomenon in terms of onset, duration, and intensity reveals a good correlation with the kinetics of metallothionein production, suggesting that the underlying basis for the tolerance phenomenon is likely the induction of metallothionein. A sex-related difference in the inhibitory effect of cadmium was observed. Cadmium did not inhibit the metabolism of hexobarbital or ethylmorphine in female rats but did inhibit that of aniline or zoxazolamine. Cadmium did not lower cytochrome P-450 content in female rats.
A novel fusion of RBM6 to CSF1R in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ting-lei Gu, Thomas Mercher, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Valerie L. Goss, Denise K. Walters, Melanie G. Cornejo, Cynthia Reeves, Lana Popova, Kimberly Lee, Michael C. Heinrich, John Rush, Masanori Daibata, Isao Miyoshi, D. Gary Gilliland, Brian J. Druker, Roberto D. Polakiewicz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Lamivudine-resistant HBV strain rtM204V/I in acute hepatitis B
Authors: Nicola Coppola, Gilda Tonziello, Piero Colombatto, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Vincenzo Messina, Francesco Moriconi, Loredana Alessio, Caterina Sagnelli, Daniela Cavallone, Maurizia Brunetto, Evangelista Sagnelli
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Magnesium in Clinical Practice
Authors: Abraham S. Abraham
Journal: JAMA (1989)

There have recently been some exciting developments in the understanding and use of magnesium in the context of acute arrhythmias, particularly after acute myocardial infarction. There is good evidence that magnesium given immediately following an acute infarct substantially reduces the incidence of potentially fatal arrhythmias and also reduces the immediate mortality. The role of magnesium in patients receiving long-term diuretics has also been better defined. It is therefore timely that a book on the physiology and pathophysiology of the magnesium ion in health and disease has been written by one of the world's leading experts in the field. This book is a translation of the original French version published in 1985. The book itself is divided into five major sections: (1) "Elements of Magnesium Biology," (2) "Primary Magnesium Deficits," (3) "Secondary Magnesium Deficits," (4) "Magnesium Overload," and (5) "Magnesium and Therapeutics." In addition, it is extensively indexed by both author
Improving preregistration training.
Authors: P. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1992)

of proteins.Assays for total protein show poor performance in quality assurance schemes because of the diversity of methods and standards.2At all levels of protein excretion caused by glomerular disorders albumin is the main contributor.Albu- min is a discrete protein, and specific methods for measuring it are now widely available.Shihabi et al suggested that both urine total protein and albumin should be routinely esti- mated.3In our experience, in a laboratory that receives more than 2500 requests for measurement of urine protein each year, there is a linear relation between urine total protein and albumin concen- trations (r=0 924; p<0001).We consider that urine albumin concentration should replace total protein concentration for the assessment of glome- rular proteinuria.
INVASION AND DESTRUCTION OF HOMOLOGOUS KIDNEY BY LOCALLY INOCULATED LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: William L. Elkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

When lymphoid cell suspensions from the spleen, lymph nodes, blood, and thoracic duct of parental strain adult rats were injected beneath the renal capsule of F(1) hybrid hosts, the transferred cells and/or their progeny invaded the underlying renal cortex and destroyed most of the tubules which they surrounded. The immunogenetic conditions under which this reaction was observed defined it as a graft vs. host reaction (GVHR). On the 7th day the GVHRs were histologically similar to primary renal homografts undergoing rejection. Lymphoid cells from donors tolerant to the other parental strain were inactive after transfer to the hybrid, whereas cells from either normal or sensitized donors consistently produced reactions of about equal severity. Lewis lymphoma cells displayed malignant, invasive activity but did not destroy either isologous or homologous tissue, showing that the presence of an infiltrate was not per se sufficient to damage the parenchyma. These observations indicate that the GVHRs were manifestations of the ability of the transferred lymphocytes to enter into a homograft reaction with consequent destruction of renal parenchyma, and support the hypothesis that at least some of the lymphocytes which are seen infiltrating primary homografts are the agents which effect their destruction.
White matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: F Sardanelli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To evaluate the brain status of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Fourteen female patients with SSc aged 24-74, with a disease duration of 1-12 years and without other relevant systemic diseases, were enrolled. All patients and an age matched female control group (CG) of 14 clinically normal subjects, underwent brain magnetic resonance examination at 1.5 T; spin echo proton density weighted images were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman rank correlation tests were used for statistical analysis.170 white matter hyperintensities >/=2 mm in diameter were counted in the patient group (range 0-75, mean 12.1, median 4.5), only 13 in the CG (0-2, 0.9, 1, respectively), with a significant difference (p = 0.011). Moreover, 208 white matter hyperintensities <2 mm were found in the patient group (0-38, 14.9, 8, respectively), only 31 in the CG (0-7, 2.0, 1, respectively), with a significant difference (p = 0.006). No statistically significant correlation between the number of hyperintensities and either patient's age or disease duration was observed.White matter hyperintensities are more common in patients with SSc than in a CG. These findings might be related to obliterative microvascular processes due to the disease. Early brain involvement in patients with SSc may occur.
Abstract 245: Consumption of a high-fat diet abrogates inhibitory effects of selenium on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice
Authors: Lin Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with selenium (Se) on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice fed a high-fat diet using a 2x2 design. Three-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed the AIN93G diet or that diet modified with 45% calories from fat supplemented with or without 2.5 mg Se/4029 kcal as methylseleninic acid for 6 weeks, at which time they were injected subcutaneously with 2.5x105 LLC cells. The resulting primary tumor was removed surgically 10 days later, and the experiment was terminated after an additional 10 days. Consumption of the high-fat diet significantly increased the body fat mass, regardless of Se supplementation, compared to the AIN93G diet (p&amp;lt;0.01). The high-fat diet increased lung metastases by 17% compared to the AIN93G diet (p&amp;lt;0.01). Selenium supplementation reduced the metastases by 11% compared to non-supplemented controls (p&amp;lt;0.05); however, the reduction was greater in AIN93G-fed mice (18%) than in mice fed the high-fat diet (5%). Supplemental Se reduced plasma concentrations of proteolytic proteases (uPA, p&amp;lt;0.01; MMP-9, p&amp;lt;0.05) and angiogenic factors (VEGF, p&amp;lt;0.01; TIMP-1, p&amp;lt;0.01) compared to non-supplemented controls. The high-fat diet significantly increased plasma concentrations of adipokines PAI-1, MCP-1, TNF-α and leptin regardless of the level of dietary Se; however, supplemental Se reduced plasma PAI-1 (p≤0.05) and MCP-1 (p≤0.05) in AIN93G-fed mice. These results demonstrate that consumption of a high-fat diet abrogated the anti-metastatic effects of Se, and that such an abrogation may involve adipose-derived inflammatory cytokines. Citation Format: Lin Yan. Consumption of a high-fat diet abrogates inhibitory effects of selenium on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 245. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-245
Interpreting Incomplete Data in Studies of Diet and Weight Loss
Authors: James H. Ware
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The prevalence of obesity among Americans 20 to 74 years of age increased from 15 percent during the period between 1976 and 1980 to 27 percent in 19991 and continues to increase, with alarming implications for public health. At any time, about 45 percent of women and 30 percent of men in this country are actively seeking to lose weight — in most cases, to no avail.2 Thus, the public has a keen interest in diets that might help in the battle against the bulge.Although most physicians recommend low-fat diets, low-carbohydrate diets such as the Atkins diet have had . . .
Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy
Authors: Albert N. Brest
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Recognizing that most patients with moderate or severe elevation of diastolic blood pressure require a double or triple antihypertensive drug regimen and, also, that the presence of hypertensive complications further modifies drug selection, it is readily apparent that the therapist must be intimately familiar with the clinical pharmacology of these drugs, if he is to achieve the optimum result. The purpose of this communication is to review mechanisms of action and hemodynamic effects of the commonly employed antihypertensive drugs. <h3>Orally Given Diuretics</h3> Of the various groups of antihypertensive drugs, the diuretics for oral administration have the greatest overall clinical usefulness. Their therapeutic advantages may be summarized as follows: (1) they lower blood pressures with the patient in both the supine and erect positions, (2) the overall incidence of side reactions accompanying their usage is low, (3) their antihypertensive effects are maintained despite prolonged administration, and (4) the orally given diuretics
Evolution of immunoglobulin kappa chain variable region genes in vertebrates
Authors: T. Sitnikova, M. Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The major source of immunoglobulin diversity is variation in DNA sequence among multiple copies of variable region (V) genes of the heavy- and light-chain multigene families. In order to clarify the evolutionary pattern of the multigene family of immunoglobulin light kappa chain V region (V kappa) genes, phylogenetic analyses of V kappa genes from humans and other vertebrate species were conducted. The results obtained indicate that the V kappa genes so far sequenced can be grouped into three major monophyletic clusters, the cartilaginous fish, bony fish and amphibian, and mammalian clusters, and that the cartilaginous fish cluster first separated from the rest of the V kappa genes and then the remaining two clusters diverged. The mammalian V kappa genes can further be divided into 10 V kappa groups, 7 of which are present in the human genome. Human and mouse V kappa genes from different V kappa groups are intermingled rather than clustered on the chromosome, and there are a large number of pseudogenes scattered on the chromosome. This indicates that the chromosomal locations of V kappa genes have been shuffled many times by gene duplication, deletion, and transposition in the evolutionary process and that many genes have become nonfunctional during this process. This mode of evolution is consistent with the model of birth-and-death evolution rather than with the model of concerted evolution. An analysis of duplicate V kappa functional genes and pseudogenes in the human genome has indicated that pseudogenes evolve faster than functional genes but that the rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution in the complementarity-determining regions of V kappa genes has been enhanced by positive Darwinian selection.
Increased Renal Calcium Reabsorption by Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Is a Causative Factor in the Development of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Refractory to Osteoclastic Bone Resorption Inhibitors
Authors: Etsuro Onuma, Yumiko Azuma, Hidemi Saito, Toshiaki Tsunenari, Toshihiko Watanabe, Manabu Hirabayashi, Koh Sato, Hisafumi Yamada-Okabe, Etsuro Ogata
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Bisphosphonate and calcitonin lower blood calcium in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) by suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption, but repeated administration of these drugs often leads to relapse. In this study, we examined the roles of parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) in the development of bisphosphonate- and calcitonin-refractory HHM. Experimental Design: Nude rats bearing the LC-6 JCK tumor xenograft (LC-6 rats) exhibited high bone turnover and HHM. Repeated administration of alendronate induced a sustained suppression of the bone resorption, but it caused only early and transient reduction of the blood calcium levels, leading to unresponsiveness to the drug. Because high blood levels of PTHrP were detected in the LC-6 rats, those that developed alendronate-refractory HHM were treated with an anti-PTHrP antibody. Results: Administration of anti-PTHrP antibody to animals that received repeated administration of alendronate, thereby developing alendronate-refractory HHM, resulted in an increase in fractional excretion of calcium and a marked decrease of blood calcium level. Drug-refractory HHM was also observed in animals that received another osteoclast inhibitor, an eel calcitonin analogue elcatonin. The blood calcium level decreased after the initial administration of elcatonin, but it eventually became elevated during repeated administration. Administration of the anti-PTHrP antibody, but not of alendronate, effectively reduced the blood calcium of the animals that developed elcatonin-refractory HHM. Conclusion: High levels of circulating PTHrP and the resulting augmentation of renal calcium reabsorption is one of the major causes of the emergence of osteoclast inhibitor-refractory HHM. Thus, blockage of PTHrP functions by a neutralizing antibody against PTHrP would benefit patients who develop bisphosphonate- or calcitonin-refractory HHM.
Experience With a Cost-effective Crossmatch Protocol
Authors: Ira A. Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Pretransfusion blood samples were routinely tested for ABO group, Rh type, and the presence of unexpected red blood cell antibodies. Patients who had unexpected red blood cell antibodies received transfusions of blood that was crossmatched using an immediate spin test, a 37 degrees C incubation step, and an indirect antiglobulin test. Patients who did not have unexpected red blood cell antibodies received transfusions with blood that was crossmatched by an immediate spin crossmatch only. Because the average immediate spin crossmatch required only 3.25 minutes to be performed, crossmatches were not done for patients without unexpected antibodies until blood was actually requested to be issued for transfusion. During the first 8 1/2 months this protocol was used, 27,742 crossmatches were performed and 46,959 unnecessary crossmatches were avoided, thus reducing direct costs by at least +49,300. This protocol also allowed for optimal blood inventory control and minimized the outdating of units of blood to only 0.19%.
The Underrecognized Burden of Influenza in Young Children
Authors: Katherine A. Poehling, Kathryn M. Edwards, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter Szilagyi, Mary Allen Staat, Marika K. Iwane, Carolyn B. Bridges, Carlos G. Grijalva, Yuwei Zhu, David I. Bernstein, Guillermo Herrera, Dean Erdman, Caroline B. Hall, Ranee Seither, Marie R. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The disease burden of influenza infection among children is not well established. We conducted a population-based surveillance of medical visits associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Intracardiac Injections During Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Richard Davison
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  The comments offered by Drs Keszler and Carroll are much appreciated in that they point out the inadvertent omission from our article of important information. The drugs that were given by ICIs were primarily epinephrine and, less often, calcium chloride. Both were diluted in 10 mL, and their administration by this route was accomplished in about 5 s. Sodium bicarbonate was not given by ICI.  In my opinion, rapid access to the more central venous sites is not as universally available as Drs Keszler and Carroll suggest. In fact, I suspect that their lack of exposure to this problem is a reflection of exceptional local facilities.  Although I agree that emergency drug administration via an endotracheal tube should be attempted before resorting to the intracardiac route, I find no evidence—other than anecdotal—to support this preference during human resuscitation.  Finally, I would attempt to reassure Dr Yakaitis by reiterating
Violence and Brain Disease
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with bullet wounds of the abdomen and right arm, and swelling and pain in the left periorbital region. A short time before, the patient allegedly had held a number of people at gunpoint, threatening to commit mass murder and suicide. Details of what occurred immediately thereafter are not entirely clear, but several shots were fired. According to the patient: "He—a man on the right—made a sudden move. I got scared and shot. I next remember being knocked down." According to other information, one man in the group did make a sudden move and was mortally wounded by the patient. Before he died, however, he grabbed for the patient's gun. In the ensuing struggle a second man was wounded. The patient himself was shot and fell to the floor. He tried to get up, but was hit on the head and lost consciousness.
Functional profile of tissue-infiltrating and circulating CD68+ cells in giant cell arteritis. Evidence for two components of the disease.
Authors: A D Wagner, J J Goronzy, C M Weyand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Macrophages represent a critical component in the inflammatory lesions of giant cell arteritis. By combining immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have analyzed the functional heterogeneity of tissue-infiltrating macrophages in patients with untreated vasculitis. 20% of macrophages in temporal artery tissue synthesized IL-6-specific mRNA and produced IL-6 and IL-1 beta proteins. IL-6 and IL-1 beta production was not limited to CD68+ cells in the lymphoid aggregates but was a feature of CD68+ cells dispersed throughout the tissue. 50% of tissue-infiltrating CD68+ cells synthesized 72-kD type IV collagenase. Only a small subset of CD68+ cells produced cytokines as well as collagenase, indicating functional specialization or distinct differentiation stages of CD68+ cells in the inflamed tissue. Activation of CD68+ cells was not restricted to tissue-infiltrating cells. Expression of IL-6 and IL-1 beta was found in 60-80% of circulating monocytes of patients with untreated giant cell arteritis, whereas collagenase production was restricted to tissue macrophages. IL-6 and IL-1 beta production by the majority of circulating monocytes was a shared feature of patients with giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica but was not found in rheumatoid arthritis. These data suggest that giant cell arteritis has two components of disease, an inflammatory reaction in vessel walls and a systemic activation of monocytes. Systemic monocyte activation can manifest independently without vasculitis as exemplified in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.