tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Authors: LEONARD M. LINDE, FORREST H. ADAMS, BERNARD J. O'LOUGHLIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Endocardial fibroelastosis is an important cause of congestive heart failure and death in infancy and early childhood. Four cases of this entity are described, with particular attention to the unique angiocardiographic features. This graphic portrayal of the functional derangement may be of great help in the clinical diagnosis of fibroelastosis.
34 Anti-HBc positivity and gender are strongly related to HCC but are not related to treatment outcome
Authors: H.L. Tillman, P. Pradat, R. Goldin, P. Merle, M. Thursz, J. Langer, S. Sauleda, G. Saracco, S. Badalamenti, A. Alberti, J.H. Braconier, J.I. Esteban, S. Hadziyannis, M. Rizzetto, H.C. Thomas, M.P. Manns, C. Trepo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Loss of miR-29 in Myoblasts Contributes to Dystrophic Muscle Pathogenesis
Authors: Lijun Wang, Liang Zhou, Peiyong Jiang, Leina Lu, Xiaona Chen, Huiyao Lan, Denis C Guttridge, Hao Sun, Huating Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in post-transcriptional fashion, and emerging studies support their importance in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we describe the regulation and function of miR-29 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its potential use as therapeutic target. Our results demonstrate that miR-29 expression is downregulated in dystrophic muscles of mdx mice, a model of DMD. Restoration of its expression by intramuscular and intravenous injection improved dystrophy pathology by both promoting regeneration and inhibiting fibrogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that loss of miR-29 in muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) promotes their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts through targeting extracellular molecules including collagens and microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (Mfap5). We further demonstrated that miR-29 is under negative regulation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Together, these results not only identify TGF-β-miR-29 as a novel regulatory axis during myoblasts conversion into myofibroblasts which constitutes a novel contributing route to muscle fibrogenesis of DMD but also implicate miR-29 replacement therapy as a promising treatment approach for DMD.
Changes in the Supply of Internists: The Internal Medicine Population from 1978 to 1998
Authors: PHILLIP R. KLETKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Between 1978 and 1985, the number of active internists in the United States increased from 64 000 to 91 000, and by 1998 the number will have increased to 141 000. This growth represents an increase of 121% for a 20-year period, during which time the population of the United States is expected to increase only 19%. Thus, the number of adults older than 17 years per active internist will drop from 2464 to 1401. Between 1978 and 1998, we expect the number of subspecialty internists to increase 206%, in contrast to a 77% increase expected for general internists. The proportion of female internists will increase from 7% to 21%. The proportion of the active internist population who are foreign medical graduates will remain stable at about 21% throughout the projection period, but within this group the proportion who are United States citizens is expected to increase while the proportion who are foreign citizens is expected to decline.
Auto-antibody Studies in Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: M. Turner-Warwick, D. Doniach
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Treatment o Dlines-MEDICAL-JiiUNAl also seem that by the end of approximately 12 weeks onequarter (27%) of women had responded to the placebo alone, that a further seventh had responded to imipramine (41 %), and a further fifth to E.C.T. (61%).We have not been able to identify any factors associated with the specific therapeutic responses ; evaluation of demographic, social, and clinical characteristics revealed disappointingly little basis as reliable prognostic indicators.Thus there was no association between outcome as measured by final discharge from hospital and age, history of previous affective illness, and type of onset, previous duration, and clinical severity of the treated illness. Summary and ConclusionsIn 250 patients aged 40-69 years (81 men and 169 women) a comparison has been made between different treatments of depressive illness as specifically defined for the purpose of the trial.The treatments employed were E.C.T., imipramine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine), and, for a short period of time, a placebo.These treatments were randomly allotted, and comparable groups thus set up and their progress *assessed for six months.Many changes of treatment were made during the later stages of the trial period.On both a short-term basis (after four weeks' treatment in hospital) and on a long-term basis (up to six months) it appears that E.C.T. and imipramine increased the frequency of recovery over and above the spontaneous rate shown by patients on the placebo.This drug, it appears, was specially effective in men and E.C.T. specially effective in women.For these patients, as defined by clinical condition and age, phenelzine revealed no advantage over the placebo in the treatment of men and gave even less favourable results than the placebo in women.Imipramine showed a slower action than E.C.T., but its use certainly reduced the total number of patients for whom E.C.T. was finally regarded as necessary.
1225 CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRAL RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN GENOTYPE 1 HCV PATIENTS RECEIVING COMBINATION THERAPY WITH A PROTEASE INHIBITOR AND A POLYMERASE INHIBITOR WITH OR WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN
Authors: H. Mo, J. Harris, A. Bae, C. Hebner, K. Wong, W. Delaney, D. Oldach, M.D. Miller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Evaluation of Diagnostic Assessment Units in Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anna Gagliardi, Eva Grunfeld, William K. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

This systematic review was undertaken to identify clinical and economic evaluations of diagnostic assessment units for cancer; summarize measures used to evaluate such programs; and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these evaluations.The review was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials, case control studies, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies examining the outcomes of diagnostic centers for patients with a presumptive diagnosis of breast, colorectal, lung, head and neck, or prostate cancer. Data on methodology and study results were tabulated.Twenty articles were eligible for review. Eleven studies examined outcomes associated with breast cancer assessment units: six with head and neck assessment units and three with colorectal assessment units. No studies were found that examined one-stop diagnostic assessment centers for lung cancer or prostate cancer. Seventeen studies were case series, one was a case-control study, and two were randomized controlled trials. No thorough economic analyses have been undertaken. There were no studies that based their assessment on measures suggested by a conceptual framework or validated model of diagnostic care. Few studies explicitly based their investigations on established quality indicators or clinical practice guideline recommendations. Diagnostic assessment centers appear to decrease the time to arrive at a diagnosis, which in turn appears to decrease patient anxiety and increase patient satisfaction.A comprehensive understanding of the benefit of diagnostic assessment centers can only be determined if such services are developed for a variety of disease sites and more rigorous evaluations are carried out to assess their benefit.
Abstract 5059: Detection of K-RAS mutation in clinical samples by one-step PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping techniques
Authors: Minhye Cho, Jae-Jin Choi, Heekyung Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mutations in the K-RAS oncogene are frequently found in human cancers. K-RAS mutations may indicate prognosis and drug response, and many new cancer therapies are being targeted to the K-RAS pathway. Many researchers suggest that in colon cancer patients the K-RAS mutation status is strong predictor of resistance to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Erbitux® (cetuximab/ Imclone system Inc) or Vectibix® (panitumumab/ Amgen Inc). Therefore, it is important that detection of K-RAS mutations is fast and simple with high accuracy and high sensitivity for predict drug response and prognosis. To detect a minority of mutant K-RAS among abundant wild-type alleles, we developed a high sensitivity and simple method for detection of K-RAS mutations using PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping. PNA mediated real-time PCR clamping relies on the following two unique properties of PNA probes. 1) PNA-DNA duplexes generally have greater thermal stability than the corresponding DNA-DNA duplex and 2) PNA oligomers are not recognized by DNA polymerases and consequently can serve as sequence selective clamp during PCR amplification. One-step PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping method was optimized for detection of K-RAS mutations in exon 12 and 13 with high sensitivity. This method was simple and correct with detection limit approximately 0.1% mutant alleles using 10ng to 50ng of normal DNA as the template. The turnaround time for performing this assay was only 2.5hrs. K-RAS mutations were detected in 24.4% (22/90) of clinical samples, of which 18 had mutations in codon 12 and 4 had these in codon 13. To confirm these results, same clinical samples were analyzed with sequencing assay. The concordant results were obtained from 88 (98%) of the 90 clinical samples by the two assays. The PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping is a rapid and reliable tool for K-RAS mutation detection and allowed a minority of mutant in clinical field. Keywords: K-RAS, Mutation, PNA, cancer, PCR clamping This work was supported be the Small and Medium Business Administration funded by the Korean Government. (S1060400) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5059.
Spinal-Cord Involvement by Schistosomiasis Mansoni
Authors: Gordon L. Ross, John W. Norcross, Gilbert Horrax
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

PATIENTS suffering from schistosomiasis have rarely been found on the North American continent. However, the large number of infestations known to have occurred in members of the Armed Forces stationed in various parts of the world has increased the potential incidence of this parasitic disease. This case is an example of an unusual ectopic manifestation of schistosomiasis mansoni.Case ReportA 16-year-old boy from Venezuela was referred to the clinic by his physician in Caracas and was admitted to the New England Baptist Hospital in February, 1951. He had been well until July, 1950, when weakness of the right leg, . . .
Four Ia invariant chain forms derive from a single gene by alternate splicing and alternate initiation of transcription/translation.
Authors: D M O'Sullivan, D Noonan, V Quaranta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We determined the structural basis for the presence of electrophoretically-distinct, antigenically-related forms of invariant chains in Ia oligomers, and established the mechanisms by which they can be expressed from a single gene. S1 nuclease protection assays indicated that, in B cells, transcription of this gene initiates at a minimum of three sites. Thus, unlike previously thought, invariant chain mRNAs have heterogeneous 5' untranslated segments that may differentially affect initiation of translation. Further, restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing of cDNAs revealed two kinds of invariant chain mRNAs differing by an internal coding segment of 192 bp. This segment represents an alternatively spliced exon, as demonstrated by nucleotide sequencing of corresponding genomic regions. The exon (exon X) encodes a cysteine-rich stretch of 64 amino acids near the COOH terminus that displays a striking and surprising homology to an internal amino acid repeat of thyroglobulin, suggesting an evolutionary mechanism of exon shuffling. Transient expression of cDNAs indicated that both types of alternatively spliced mRNAs contain two in-frame AUGs functioning as alternate start sites for translation. Thus, transfections with exon X-lacking cDNAs resulted in the expression of Mr 33,000 and 31,000 proteins, detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-invariant chain antisera, and identical by two-dimensional gel (2-D) analyses to the B cell invariant-chain forms gamma 1 (Mr 31,000), gamma 2, and gamma 3 (Mr 33,000). Similarly, exon X-containing cDNAs expressed Mr 43,000 and 41,000 proteins, also identical by 2-D migration to Ia-associated proteins. Thus, human Ia molecules contain four forms of invariant chain of closely related but nonidentical primary structure that are generated from a single gene by a complex pattern of alternate transcriptional start, exon splicing, and translational start.
Regional variations of basal cell carcinoma incidence in the U.K. using The Health Improvement Network database (2004-10)
Authors: A. Musah, J.E. Gibson, J. Leonardi-Bee, M.R. Cave, E.L. Ander, F. Bath-Hextall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer affecting the white population; however, little is known about how the incidence varies across the U.K.To determine the variation in BCC throughout the U.K.Data from 2004 to 2010 were obtained from The Health Improvement Network database. European and world age-standardized incidence rates (EASRs and WASRs, respectively) were obtained for country-level estimates and levels of socioeconomic deprivation, while strategic health-authority-level estimates were directly age and sex standardized to the U.K. standard population. Incidence-rate ratios were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models.The overall EASR and WASR of BCC in the U.K. were 98.6 per 100,000 person-years and 66.9 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Regional-level incidence rates indicated a significant geographical variation in the distribution of BCC, which was more pronounced in the southern parts of the country. The South East Coast had the highest BCC rate followed by South Central, Wales and the South West. Incidence rates were substantially higher in the least deprived groups and we observed a trend of decreasing incidence with increasing levels of deprivation (P < 0.001). Finally, in terms of age groups, the largest annual increase was observed among those aged 30-49 years.Basal cell carcinoma is an increasing health problem in the U.K.; the southern regions of the U.K. and those in the least deprived groups had a higher incidence of BCC. Our findings indicate an increased incidence of BCC for younger age groups below 49 years.
Granulin-epithelin precursor as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jenny C. Ho, Ying Chi Ip, Siu Tim Cheung, Yuk Ting Lee, Kui Fat Chan, San Yu Wong, Sheung Tat Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cancer killer in the world. There is no effective therapeutic option for most HCC patients. A new therapeutic strategy is essential. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP, also called progranulin, acrogranin, or PC-derived growth factor) was identified as a potential therapeutic target for HCC from our earlier genome-wide expression profiles. We aimed to conduct a detailed investigation with in vitro and animal experiments. We developed the anti-GEP monoclonal antibody (mAb), and examined its effect on hepatoma cells and normal liver cells in vitro . A nude mice model transplanted with human HCC was used to investigate if anti-GEP mAb can inhibit tumor growth in vivo . We demonstrated that anti-GEP mAb inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells but revealed no significant effect on normal liver cells. In the nude mice model transplanted with human HCC, anti-GEP mAb decreased the serum GEP level and inhibited the growth of established tumors in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-GEP mAb reduced tumor cell proliferation via the p44/42 MAPK and Akt pathways, and reduced tumor angiogenesis to deprive the nutrient supply with reduced microvessel density and tumor vascular endothelial growth factor level. Conclusion: We have shown that anti-GEP antibody can inhibit HCC growth, providing evidence that GEP is a therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Prosper: a Phase 3 Study of Enzalutamide in Non-Metastatic (M0) Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Crpc) Patients
Authors: C.N. Sternberg, K. Fizazi, F. Saad, N.D. Shore, A. Heidenreich, M. Hirmand, F.G. Perabo, Z. Khondker, K. Modelska, M. Hussain
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Symptoms Among People Without Known Diabetes in New Zealand
Authors: David Simmons, Colin F. Thompson, Michael M. Engelgau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

National diabetes awareness programs often emphasize the importance of symptoms in undiagnosed diabetes. Here we describe the frequency of diabetes symptoms in a multiethnic community in New Zealand.

Randomly selected nondiabetic European, Maori, and Pacific residents were asked if any of six cardinal symptoms of hyperglycemia (thirst, weight loss, polyuria, boils, tiredness, and blurred vision) were present. Subjects were screened using random venous blood sampling as previously described (6). Those with a random glucose ≥6.5 mmol/l within 2 h of a meal, or ≥6.0 2 h after a meal, and a random 20% of others …
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced suppression of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
Authors: B J Holycross, R S Blank, M M Thompson, M J Peach, G K Owens
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of postconfluent quiescent rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB dramatically reduced smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin synthesis. In the present studies, we focused on the expression of two other SM-specific proteins, SM myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and SM alpha-tropomyosin (SM-alpha TM), to determine whether the actions of PDGF-BB were specific to SM alpha-actin or represented a global ability of PDGF-BB to inhibit expression of cell-specific proteins characteristic of differentiated SMCs. SM-MHC and SM-alpha TM expression were assessed by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins from cells labeled with [35S]methionine, as well as by Northern analysis of mRNA levels. Synthesis of both SM-specific proteins was decreased by 50-70% in PDGF-BB--treated cells as compared with cells treated with PDGF vehicle. Treatment of cells with 10% fetal bovine serum, which produced a mitogenic effect equivalent to that of PDGF-BB, decreased SM-MHC synthesis by 40% but increased SM-alpha TM synthesis. SM-MHC and SM-alpha TM mRNA expression was decreased by 80% at 24 hours in PDGF-BB--treated postconfluent SMCs, whereas treatment with 10% fetal bovine serum did not decrease the expression of SM-alpha TM mRNA but did inhibit SM-MHC mRNA expression by 36%. Consistent with the absence of detectable PDGF alpha-receptors on these cells, PDGF-AA had no effect on either mitogenesis or expression of SM-MHC or SM-alpha TM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
UNUSUAL CASE OF LITHOTOMY
Authors: R. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1854)

Further expmence must decide whether we are justified in expecting it to remain so.But I would ask, are we sure that the reason why it has hitherto often become relaxed again, is not, that it was only partially and not entirely contracted ?I am not sure; I think, however, that such is the reason.But I believe we are justified, for the following reason, in expecting it to remaia contracted; viz., the independence to a certain extent (the individuality, if we may use the term), of the uterus, of the brain and spinal chord.On this ground, I think we are reasonably justified in expecting to realise the truth of the following proposition, "That pressure applied, so as to secure the entire contraction of the uterus, in cases of uterine hamorrhage depending on a want of contraction in that organ, will not be followed by a relaxation of the organs and a return of the hLemorrhage."
CHANGES IN THIGH MUSCLE VOLUME OVER A ONE YEAR PERIOD IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD): A MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) ANALYSIS FROM THE EFFECT OF LIPID MODIFICATION ON PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AFTER ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTION TRIAL (ELIMIT)
Authors: Gerd Brunner, Joel D. Morrisett, Eric Yang, Anirudh Kumar, Salim S. Virani, Panagiotis Kougias, Alan Lumsden, Christie M. Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Three Cancer Centers Receive NCAB Approval of Comprehensive Status
Authors: M. E. Newman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Three Cancer Centers Receive NCAB Approval of Comprehensive Status Get access Michael E. Newman Michael E. Newman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 21, 7 November 1990, Pages 1674–1675, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.21.1674-a Published: 07 November 1990
In vivo allergenic activity of a hypoallergenic mutant of the major fish allergen Cyp c 1 evaluated by means of skin testing
Authors: Nikolaos Douladiris, Birgit Linhart, Ines Swoboda, Antonia Gstöttner, Emilia Vassilopoulou, Frank Stolz, Rudolf Valenta, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind study of full versus half doses versus placebo.
Authors: J Woodland, D M Chaput de Saintonge, S J Evans, V L Sharman, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A signaling complex comprising members of the LORELEI (LRE)-LIKE GPI-anchored protein (LLG) and <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE (<i>Cr</i>RLK1L) families perceive RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides and regulate growth, reproduction, immunity, and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Genes encoding these proteins are members of multi-gene families in most angiosperms and could generate thousands of signaling complex variants. However, the link(s) between expansion of these gene families and the functional diversification of this critical signaling complex as well as the evolutionary factors underlying the maintenance of gene duplicates remain unknown. Here, we investigated <i>LLG</i> gene family evolution, function, and expression in angiosperms. We found that <i>LLGs</i> in monocots and eudicots are descendants of a duplication early in angiosperm evolution and that both ancient and recent <i>LLG</i> duplicates are retained. Complementation and expression analysis showed that expression divergence of <i>LLGs</i> (regulatory subfunctionalization), rather than functional divergence, explains the retention of paralogs in Brassicales. All but one extant monocot and eudicot species examined maintained an <i>LLG</i> copy with preferential expression in male reproductive tissues, with the other duplicate copies showed highest levels of expression in female or vegetative tissues. Interestingly, the single <i>LLG</i> copy in Amborella (sister to all other angiosperms) is expressed vastly higher in male compared to female reproductive or vegetative tissues. Reconstruction of expression evolution showed that the highest inferred expression levels for the single copy ancestral angiosperm <i>LLG</i> was in male reproductive tissues. We propose that expression divergence played an important role in maintenance of <i>LLG</i> duplicates in angiosperms. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> Expression divergence played an important role in maintenance of two sub-groups of <i>LLG</i> duplicates in angiosperms