tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deorphanization of a G protein-coupled receptor for oleoylethanolamide and its use in the discovery of small-molecule hypophagic agents
Authors: Hilary A. Overton, Adam J. Babbs, Sheila M. Doel, Matthew C.T. Fyfe, Lisa S. Gardner, Graeme Griffin, Helen C. Jackson, Martin J. Procter, Chrystelle M. Rasamison, Mads Tang-Christensen, Peter S. Widdowson, Geoffery M. Williams, Christine Reynet
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Endothelial dysfunction, measured by reactive hyperaemia using strain‐gauge plethysmography, is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in heart failure
Authors: José R. de Berrazueta, Armando Guerra‐Ruiz, María Teresa García‐Unzueta, Gema Martín Toca, Rocío Sainz Laso, María Sáez de Adana, Miguel A. Casanova Martín, Manuel Cobo, Javier LLorca
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
The effects of acellular amniotic membrane matrix on osteogenic differentiation and ERK1/2 signaling in human dental apical papilla cells
Authors: Yi-Jane Chen, Min-Chun Chung, Chung-Chen Jane Yao, Chien-Hsun Huang, Hao-Hueng Chang, Jiiang-Huei Jeng, Tai-Horng Young
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Hypertension
Authors: Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Patients with hypertension have been shown to be resistant to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and to be both hyperinsulinemic and hypertriglyceridemic compared with matched normotensive control groups. These abnormalities are present before the institution of antihypertensive therapy and do not necessarily improve when blood pressure is effectively lowered. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high blood pressure can be produced in fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats, but the development of these changes is inhibited by exercise training or somatostatin infusion. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) than Wistar-Kyoto rats, and this is associated with higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and blood pressure. In addition, a defect in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake can be shown in adipocytes isolated from SHRs, and the greater the degree of in vitro insulin resistance, the higher the plasma insulin concentration and blood pressure. These data strongly support the view that abnormalities of insulin and lipid metabolism are associated with high blood pressure in both patients and rodent models of experimental hypertension. In the latter context, endogenous hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The fact that antihypertensive treatment has not focused on correcting these metabolic abnormalities may explain why it has been difficult to show that lowering blood pressure decreases the risk of coronary heart disease. It can be argued that abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism play a role in both the etiology of hypertension and the clinical course of hypertensive patients.
Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease: No Place for Crackles?
Authors: Vincent Cottin, Jean-François Cordier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

T.J.D. is supported by NIH Grant number 5T32 HL007633-25. G.M.H. is supported by NIH grant K08 HL092222. I.O.R. is supported by NIH Grant number K23 HL087030.



Author Contributions: Drafting the manuscript for important intellectual content: T.J.D., G.M.H., I.O.R.



Author disclosures are available with the text of this letter at www.atsjournals.org.
Government proposes licensing system for doctors
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors in the United Kingdom will soon be required by law to have a licence to practise, under new proposals from the government.

Health minister John Hutton has issued a consultation document outlining the plans, which will form part of the new revalidation process for all doctors in the country.

“We want to see a more streamlined General Medical Council, with much greater patient and public involvement—one where cases are dealt with more quickly and more transparently, while maintaining accountability to parliament,” he said.

The …
Phylogenetic evidence for role-reversals of gender-associated mitochondrial DNA in Mytilus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)
Authors: W. R. Hoeh, D. T. Stewart, C. Saavedra, B. W. Sutherland, E. Zouros
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Distinct gender-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages (i.e., lineages which are transmitted either through males or through females) have been demonstrated in two families of bivalves, the Mytilidae (marine mussels) and the Unionidae (freshwater mussels), which have been separated for more than 400 Myr. The mode of transmission of these M (for male-transmitted) and F (for female-transmitted) molecules has been referred to as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), in contrast to standard maternal inheritance (SMI), which is the norm in animals. A previous study suggested that at least three origins of DUI are required to explain the phylogenetic pattern of M and F lineages in freshwater and marine mussels. Here we present phylogenetic evidence based on partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and the 16S RNA gene that indicates the DUI is a dynamic phenomenon. Specifically, we demonstrate that F lineages in three species of Mytilus mussels, M. edulis, M. trossulus, and M. californianus, have spawned separate lineages which are now associated only with males. This process is referred to as "masculinization" of F mtDNA. By extension, we propose that DUI may be a primitive bivalve character and that periodic masculinization events combined with extinction of previously existing M types effectively reset the time of divergence between conspecific gender-associated mtDNA lineages.
Coxibs and serious adverse cardiovascular events: a class-effect?
Authors: J. K C Yoong
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, sometimes referred to as 'coxibs', are widely prescribed by hospital doctors and general practitioners for arthritic pain. Their gastrointestinal tolerability is believed to be superior to that of 'non-selective' non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen and diclofenac. Since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of rofecoxib (Vioxx) in May 1999, 83 million prescriptions have been issued worldwide. However, on 30 September 2004, rofecoxib was voluntarily withdrawn by Merck Sharp & Dohme because of an increased relative risk of serious cardiovascular events seen after 18 months' use in the APPROVe (Adenomatous Polyp Prevention On Vioxx) trial. The APPROVe trial was initiated because of two previous studies1,2 indicating that daily aspirin had protective effects against colorectal adenomas.
A new entity of hereditary colorectal cancer
Authors: J R Jass
Journal: Gut (2005)

Pitfalls in diagnosing acute pancreatitisWe thank Jolobe for his letter (Gut 2005;54:1207-8) which mentions the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.We did not address diagnostic tests and medical intensive care treatment of acute pancreatitis in our article, 1 but reviewed the interventional and surgical treatment strategies in acute pancreatitis.There is no doubt that treatment of acute pancreatitis, including organ failure in its early phase, is solely supportive. 2 Due to improvements in inten- sive care medicine, mortality of severe disease has decreased dramatically over the past decades.However, to treat patient adequately, the correct diagnosis has to be made.Therefore, the first step in the diagnostic process of acute pancreatitis is to think of this disease.According to the latest classification from Atlanta, 3 acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.From a clinical point of view, acute upper abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzyme levels are needed to diagnose acute pancreatitis.As pointed out by Jolobe in his letter, acute pancreatitis is still underdiagnosed under certain clinical conditions, including diabetic ketoacidosis, but also in other clinical situations, such as shock of unknown origin, patients under intensive care treatment, as well as rare causes of the disease.As acute pancreatitis can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and the association between these two is a two way cause-and-effect relationship, early imaging of the pancreas is recommended in these patients to establish the correct diagnosis.Our article focused on the surgical and interventional treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Developmental Speech Anomalies in Apparently Normal Children
Authors: C. H. M. Walker, P. R. Languth
Journal: BMJ (1956)

gible or moderate decline, decreases in the same marked manner as mortality.Far from the vo'lume of work in the tuberculosis field becoming less, a marked expansion in effort is necessary, with as much emphasis placed on preven- tion as on treatment.Plans for the detection of tuberculosis must be based overwhelmingly on examination of the house- hold contacts, and it must be a long-term surveillance, espe- cially as our figures of familial contact history would appear to support the theory that inherited susceptibility to tuber- culosis is a major factor in the development of disease in the adult. SummaryThe results of an intensive investigation of the sociological and epidemiological features of 125 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in North Glasgow are given.Overcrowding, poverty, and Irish nationality were found not to be significant factors.The results of x-ray examination of 412 out of 414 household contacts are given with the results of tuber- culin-testing of the majority, including adults.A reason for the increased incidence of tuberculosis in older males is suggested.Figures show that the rehousing of families confers no obvious advantage in preventing the onset of tuberculosis.The results of contact history examination showed a possible source of infection in a very high percentage, about double those in previous surveys.The contact history was of a familial nature in nearly 90%, and a suggestion was made for the better control of the disease on this basis.Compulsory x-ray examination of food-trade employees and persons working with children is advocated.
William Jeffrey Scott
Authors: K. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Alexandria, Dunbartonshire (b Alexandria 1924; q Glasgow 1946; VRD, FRCGP, FFOM), d 7 April 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After working in the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. In 1950 he joined the family practice, which was one of the first to have a receptionist, a treatment room, and appointment and computerised repeat prescription systems. It was also one of the first in the area to be involved in GP training. He served on various committees, was a member of the General Medical Council, and was involved in a wide range of activities outside medicine. Predeceased by his first wife, Elizabeth, he leaves his second wife, Betty; three children; and four grandchildren.
Pathologic Assessment of Melanoma Sentinel Nodes: A Role for Molecular Analysis Using Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for MART-1 and Tyrosinase Messenger RNA
Authors: Helene Nortvig Abrahamsen, Boe Sandahl Sorensen, Ebba Nexo, Stephen J. Hamilton-Dutoit, Jørn Larsen, Torben Steiniche
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Molecular analysis of melanoma sentinel nodes (SN) is sensitive, but poorly specific because metastases cannot be distinguished from benign nevus inclusions (BNI). We investigated whether quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) detection of MART-1 and tyrosinase mRNAs could improve this specificity and contribute to SN assessment. Experimental Design: Two hundred twenty SNs from 95 melanoma patients analyzed by extensive immunohistopathology and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Using histopathology, SNs and patients were allotted to three diagnostic groups: (a) metastasis positive, (b) BNI positive, and (c) melanocyte-free. Median MART-1 and tyrosinase mRNA levels in SNs were significantly different in patients with metastasis compared with patients with BNIs (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and patients without melanocytic lesions (P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, a “gray-zone” was observed where distinction, based on mRNA levels, could not be made between the three groups. For both genes, the highest mRNA level recorded in each RT-PCR-positive patient was positively correlated with Breslow's tumor thickness. For SNs with metastases, tumor burden was significantly correlated to the mRNA level. Using the presence of a MART-1 RT-PCR signal to detect patients with metastases, a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100% were achieved when extensive immunohistology was used as reference. Conclusions: Quantitative RT-PCR MART-1 and tyrosinase mRNA analysis cannot be used alone for SN diagnosis because of its poor specificity for melanoma metastasis. However, in approximately one third of cases without RT-PCR evidence of MART-1 expression, extensive histopathologic SN investigation is not necessary, thus substantially reducing the cost of SN analysis. The level of melanocyte-associated mRNA is associated with both tumor thickness and tumor burden as measured histopathologically, suggesting that this may be of prognostic value.
Type I IFN innate immune response to adenovirus-mediated IFN-γ gene transfer contributes to the regression of cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Mirjana Urosevic, Kazuyasu Fujii, Bastien Calmels, Elisabeth Laine, Nikita Kobert, Bruce Acres, Reinhard Dummer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The fact that adenoviral vectors activate innate immunity and induce type I IFNs has not been fully appreciated in the context of cancer gene therapy. Type I IFNs influence different aspects of human immune response and are believed to be crucial for efficient tumor rejection. We performed transcriptional profiling to characterize the response of cutaneous lymphomas to intralesional adenovirus-mediated IFN-gamma (Ad-IFN-gamma) gene transfer. Gene expression profiles of skin lesions obtained from 19 cutaneous lymphoma patients before and after treatment with Ad-IFN-gamma revealed a distinct gene signature consisting of IFN-gamma- and numerous IFN-alpha-inducible genes (type II- and type I-inducible genes, respectively). The type I IFN response appears to have been induced by the vector itself, and its complexity, in terms of immune activation, was potentiated by the IFN-gamma gene insert. Intralesional IFN-gamma expression together with the induction of a combined type I/II IFN response to Ad-IFN-gamma gene transfer seem to underlie the objective (measurable) clinical response of the treated lesions. Biological effects of type I IFNs seem to enhance those set in motion by the transgene, in our case IFN-gamma. This combination may prove to be of therapeutic importance in cytokine gene transfer using Ads.
Analgesic-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Martin Goldberg, Thomas G. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Since 1953, when Spühler and Zollinger reported from Switzerland the association of chronic interstitial nephritis with the ingestion of certain analgesic drugs,1 analgesic-associated nephropathy has been established as an important cause of chronic renal disease in many parts of the world. By 1970, reports of chronic renal disease in patients taking large quantities of either over-the-counter remedies or prescription medications containing various analgesics had appeared from many countries in Western Europe as well as from Australia, South Africa and Canada. In contrast to the thousands of cases reported from abroad, by 1970 only 100 cases of analgesic-associated nephropathy had been . . .
Facilitating Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenomics
Authors: David A. Mrazek, Caryn Lerman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High density lipoproteins stimulate the production and secretion of endothelin-1 from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.
Authors: R M Hu, M Y Chuang, B Prins, M L Kashyap, H J Frank, A Pedram, E R Levin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The concentration of HDL in the blood inversely correlates with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, probably related to the ability of these lipoproteins to efflux cholesterol from vascular cells. it is also possible that HDL affect the production or action of vasoactive peptides implicated in the development of vascular diseases. Therefore, we determined the effects of human HDL on the production and secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. HDL produced a highly significant stimulation of endothelin secretion (maximum 240% of control), even at very low levels of lipoproteins (1 microgram/ml). HDL also stimulated the translation of ET-1 by twofold in the bovine aortic endothelial cells. In contrast, HDL had no significant effect on steady state mRNA levels, transcript degradation, or transcription. Stimulation of ET-1 secretion by HDL was dependent on protein kinase C activation. Purified apo A-I, the major apoprotein of HDL, increased ET-1 secretion and translation approximately 85% as potently as HDL. Our results indicate that low concentrations of human HDL strongly stimulate the production of ET-1, a powerful vasoconstrictor and mitogen for the vascular smooth muscle cell. We propose that HDL may participate in the regulation of vasomotor tone through this potentially important effect in the vasculature.
Angiography and Transient Ischemic Attacks
Authors: B. M. Pasternak
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent editorial (239:228, 1978) Dalessio recognized that "platelet emboli and fibrinoplatelet mixed clots are the source of most TIAs [transient ischemic attacks], particularly of repeated episodes." These emboli originate from ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques, and it is well known that the presence of ulceration within an atherosclerotic plaque is not related to the size of the plaque. It is not uncommon to observe an intimal ulceration, covered with atheromatous debris and platelet deposits, arising within a plaque that, because of its small size, could not be responsible for any substantial hemodynamic changes in the carotid blood flow. However, the author recommends cerebrovascular arteriography only in those patients with TIAs who exhibit hemodynamic abnormalities in cerebral circulation on Doppler ophthalmic testing and Doppler ultrasonic imaging. These tests are of limited usefulness in demonstrating small ulcerated plaques, and strict adherence to this management protocol would deprive many patients
The Protection of Personnel Engaged in Roentgenology and Radiology
Authors: F. T. Hunter, O. E. Merrill, J. G. Trump, L. L. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

WITH recent evidence suggesting that radiologists have a higher death rate from leukemia than their colleagues,1 2 3 protection from the dangerous effects of radiation in the fields of diagnosis, therapy and research becomes a subject of increased importance. Currently, a total exposure dose of 0.3 r per week is the accepted limit of safety.4 But whether this limit is really safe,5 or, indeed, whether it has much meaning at all is open to challenge.It should be apparent that ionizing radiant energy, capable of penetrating to the blood-forming organs, produces quite a different effect upon the body as a whole than . . .
Long-term Nonprogressive Disease Among Untreated HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Stephen A. Migueles, Mark Connors
Journal: JAMA (2010)

As of 2008, more than 33 million adults and children have been estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among them are rare patients (<0.5%) who have remained clinically well without antiretroviral therapy after almost 20 years of infection. They maintain stable CD4 cell counts and suppressed HIV replication to levels comparable with those measured in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. No known epidemiologic or behavioral factors are predictive of untreated, nonprogressive HIV infection; however, host genetics and immune response factors, most specifically HLA antigen class I-restricted HIV-specific CD8 T cells, appear to be primarily responsible for this remarkable phenotype in a majority of these individuals. These patients offer hope that durable control of HIV infection is possible and can provide important insight to inform the development of the next generation of HIV/AIDS vaccines and immune-based therapies. This article reviews clinical features of these unique patients and discusses them in the context of nonprogressors enrolled in other cohorts. Potential mechanisms underlying nonprogressive HIV infection and scientific discoveries, facilitated by the participation of these patients in clinical trials, of relevance to the design of an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine are also highlighted.
MECHANICAL COMPRESSION DEVICES ARE BETTER THAN MANUAL COMPRESSION FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Abdelazim Hashim, Naoyo Mori, Satish Velagapudi, Babak Haddadian, Raaid Museitif, Angela Schlemm, Suhail Allaqaband, Tanvir Bajwa, Anjan Gupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ventricular Fibrillation Induced by Conducted Sinus or Supraventricular Beat
Authors: TOHRU SAKAMOTO, TAKASHI YAMADA, KAZUMASA HIEJIMA
Journal: Circulation (1973)

We report a case of a 35-year-old housewife who had a repetitive ventricular fibrillation following cardiac surgery. This arrhythmia was induced by sinus or supraventricular ectopic beats conducted to the ventricles and interrupting the preceding T or T+U wave during incomplete A-V dissociation. The cycle length (Q-Q) and the Q-Q/Q-T ratio of the beats preceding fibrillation were significantly shorter than the Q-Q and Q-Q/Q-T ratio of the beats not preceding fibrillation. These findings suggest that ventricular fibrillation is more likely to occur when the supraventricular impulse is conducted to the ventricles early in the cycle and interrupts the T or T+U wave.