tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary pulmonary hypertension. Vascular structure, morphometry, and responsiveness to vasodilator agents.
Authors: H I Palevsky, B L Schloo, G G Pietra, K T Weber, J S Janicki, E Rubin, A P Fishman
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The use of pharmacologic agents in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension has not proved to be uniformly successful or predictable. One possible reason for the vagaries in response is that the pulmonary vascular lesions are not consistent. We examined the relation between the structure of the pulmonary resistance vessels in unexplained (primary) pulmonary hypertension and the response to pulmonary vasodilators. Our study involved 19 patients with clinically unexplained pulmonary hypertension (mean pressure, 59 +/- 14 mm Hg). After characterizing them clinically and performing control hemodynamic measurements, we determined the acute effects of a series of vasodilator agents that have different mechanisms of action. In 16 patients, lung biopsy material was related to the hemodynamic studies; in nine patients, including six who had undergone open lung biopsy, the hemodynamic studies were related to the pathologic changes found at autopsy. Histologic specimens from all 19 patients were evaluated qualitatively and sorted into three subsets of hypertensive pulmonary arteriopathy: medial hypertrophy (with minimal intimal proliferation), arteriopathy with plexiform lesions (associated predominantly with concentric laminar intimal proliferation and fibrosis), and arteriopathy with microthrombotic lesions (associated predominantly with eccentric intimal proliferation and fibrosis). The 16 lung biopsies were also quantitated by morphometric techniques. Using a decrease in calculated pulmonary vascular resistance of more than 30% accompanied by a decrease in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of at least 10% to define vasodilation, only four patients were responders. The patients varied considerably in their responses to different vasodilator agents. Patients with similar clinical and hemodynamic profiles differed considerably with respect to the nature of their pulmonary vascular obstructive lesions and their responses to vasodilator agents. Qualitative histologic examination of lung tissue did not provide a basis for predicting how individual patients would respond to vasodilator agents. However, quantitative morphologic analysis of the initial open lung biopsy specimens did prove helpful in predicting acute responsiveness to vasodilator agents and the subsequent clinical course of these patients with unexplained (primary) pulmonary hypertension. An intimal area of more than 18% of the vascular cross-sectional area had an 85% predictive value for identifying the patients who did poorly during the first 36 months of follow-up.
Laboratory Diagnosis of the Porphyrias
Authors: James P. Kushner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The term "porphyria" refers to a group of diseases characterized by the excessive production and excretion of porphyrins, porphyrin precursors, or both. Each of the diseases is due to a specific enzymatic defect in the heme biosynthetic pathway, and in most forms of porphyria the defect is inherited.1 Without an intimate understanding of the heme biosynthetic pathway, classifying the porphyrias and selecting appropriate diagnostic tests is a formidable challenge. The simplest approach is to divide the clinical manifestations of the porphyrias into two general areas: cutaneous photosensitivity and neurologic abnormalities. The neurologic manifestations have not been completely explained, but are . . .
Integrated Hospital Services
Authors: J. A. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Unwanted Samples SIR,-Several attacks have been made recently on the profession over the practice of doctors giving unwanted medical samples to chemists.Those of your readers who do not already know may be interested to hear that during the past five years an outlet for unwanted medical samples, text books, and surgical equipment has been successfully provided by my department to more than 100 hos- pitals and dispensaries in developing nations.In the interests of professionalism, it might also be noted that all pharmaceuticals are handled by a doctor, a full-time chief pharmacist, two voluntary pharmacists, and a full-time dispenser.
Paget's disease of bone in Ireland.
Authors: F M Detheridge, D J Barker, P B Guyer
Journal: BMJ (1983)

La maladie de Paget est peu frequente a Dublin, moins frequente qu'en Grande-Bretagne, pourtant proche. Ce fait n'est pas en accord avec l'hypothese recente d'une etiologie virale. La maladie est tres rare dans l'ouest de l'Irlande, pour des raisons inconnues
Characterization of lymphoid cells in the blood of healthy adults: Sequential immunological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies
Authors: A. Hirt, H. P. Wagner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

With a new method, sequential immunological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies were done on lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood of 12 healthy adults. Every single lymphoid cell could therefore be characterized by the following markers: surface immunoglobulins (sIg); rosetting with sheep red blood cells (E); unspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE); and 3HdT incorporation. Significantly more E+sIg-ANAE-cells (51% and 22% of all lymphoid cells, respectively). Of all ANAE+ cells 90% were E+, but 64% of all ANAE- cells were also E+. In all individuals a subpopulation of E+sIg+ cells was found. The esterase pattern of these cells was similar to that of E-sIg+ cells. The overall labeling index of the lymphoid cells examined was less than or equal to 0.2%.
Fatal Air Embolism after Vaginal Insufflation
Authors: A. J. Partridge
Journal: BMJ (1943)

MEDICAS JRNL329in the rat (Reiss, MacLeod, and Golla, 1943) have shown that corticotrophic hormone, by mobilizing an endogenous supply of adrenal cortical hormones, can similarly influence the capillary permeability and effectively prevent the loss of blood fluid.The haematocrit alone can give a differential diagnosis of the state and fate of the fluid components of the blood.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED ALKALI AND ACID ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF QUINACRINE, CHLOROQUINE AND SANTOQUINE 1
Authors: Joseph W. Jailer, Morris Rosenfeld, James A. Shannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Haag and Larson (1) demonstrated in 1942 that in the case of nicotine the extent of urinary ex- cretion of a chemical may be related to the reac- tion of urine.They emphasized the importance of taking into consideration the dissociation con- stant of a drug and the relative reabsorbability of the free and dissociated base.Extending these studies to the urinary excretion of quinine in man, Haag, Larson and Schwartz (2) found in 1943 that the urinary output could be doubled by passing from an alkaline to an acid urine and they ascribed the difference to greater resorption of quinine from the urinary tract when the urine is alkaline.In connection with studying the behavior of newer antimalarial drugs in man, the extent of the influence of urinary acid-base balance upon renal excretion was re-examined.Parallel studies by Emerson and Dole (3) indicated that renal clearance of quinacrine is subject to 100-fold vari- ations due principally to 2 variables, the urinary pH and the renal plasma flow.Work conducted at the same time by the Army Malaria Research Unit at Oxford (4) emphasized the striking parallelism between urinary excretion of quin- acrine and ammonia.They found that the ratio of urinary quinacrine to urinary ammonia is di- rectly proportional to the plasma quinacrine con- centration.Trager and Hutchinson (5) in 1946 similarly found the urinary excretion of quin- acrine to be closely correlated with the urinary ex- cretion of ammonia.The present investigation was designed to as- certain the effect of oral ingestion of alkali and acid upon the renal excretion of this general type of organic compound.The substances selected
Villous Adenoma of The Rectosigmoid
Authors: Robert Turell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is well-known that the intestinal villous adenoma is a vexing problem for many reasons, one of which is the fact that no one clinician sees enough villous adenomas during his professional lifetime to become an infallible expert. As a nonexpert, I find a few important disagreements with the otherwise excellent article on "Villous Adenoma of Rectosigmoid..." that appeared inThe Journal(<b>194</b>:5, 1965). In my experience, (1) adequate biopsy or true tissue is not unusually difficult to obtain. What is important is to realize that fractional biopsy is misleading or valueless and that only total biopsy is the valid procedure (the entire lesion must be laid to rest on the pathologist's table); (2) local therapy employing either electrothermia or surgical procedures such as transanal approaches in some cases, the posterior proctotomy, or a modified Rehn-Delorme operation have been uniformly successful for the removal of very
EMPYEMA.A Lecture delivered at the Post-Graduate Medical School, Chicago, January 24, 1891.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1891)

No surgical procedure is so little studied and so often overlooked with such deplorable consequences as empyema. One of my neighbors, who is quite deaf, recognized a case of right-sided empyema in a man 36 years old, and sent him immediately to one of our large hospitals. He remained in the hospital three weeks and was discharged to die of phthisis. My deaf neighbor was surprised that the true condition was not recognized, and fearing he had made a mistake, he drew out a syringeful of pus with his hypodermic. Thus satisfied as to his own diagnostic acumen he took care of the patient and ' 'promoted euthanasia. ' ' Numerous instances have come to my knowledge when cases have not been recognized; others where, though recognized, proper and adequate treatment has not been instituted and others, though recognized and properly treated at first, the same degree of logic and
Mortality and cancer morbidity in a group of Swedish VCM and PCV production workers.
Authors: D Byrén, G Engholm, A Englund, P Westerholm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The cohort of workers employed in a Swedish vinyl chloride/poly(vinyl chloride) plant since its start in the early 1940's has been followed for mortality and cancer morbidity patterns. Only 21 of the 771 persons could not be traced. Difficulties in establishing exposure levels at different work areas in the past makes an evaluation of dose-effect relationships impossible. A four- to fivefold excess of pancreas/liver tumors was found, including two cases later classified as angiosarcomas of the liver. The number of brain tumors and suicide do not deviate significantly from expected. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, on the other hand, differ significantly from the expected. The discrepancies between previous reports on VCM/PVC workers and this report are discussed. The possible etiology of the cardiovascular deaths is also discussed.
Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Treatment at High-Volume Centers Confers Lower Mortality at 6-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Ahmed A. Khattab, Christian W. Hamm, Jochen Senges, Ralph Toelg, Volker Geist, Tassilo Bonzel, Malte Kelm, Benny Levenson, Christoph A. Nienaber, Thomas Pfannebecker, Georg Sabin, Steffen Schneider, Ulrich Tebbe, Franz-Josef Neumann, Gert Richardt
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Studies continue to identify percutaneous coronary intervention procedural volume both at the institutional level and at the operator level as being strongly correlated with outcome. High-volume centers have been defined as those that perform &gt;400 percutaneous coronary intervention procedures per year. The relationship between drug-eluting stent procedural volume and outcome is unknown. We investigated this relationship in the German Cypher Registry. Methods and Results— The present analysis included 8201 patients treated with sirolimus-eluting stents between April 2002 and September 2005 in 51 centers. Centers that recruited &gt;400 sirolimus-eluting stent patients in this time period were considered high-volume centers; those with 150 to 400 patients were considered intermediate-volume centers; and those with &lt;150 patients were designated as low-volume centers. The primary end point was all death, myocardial infarction, and target-vessel revascularization at 6 months. This end point occurred in 11.3%, 12.1%, and 9.0% of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-volume center groups, respectively ( P =0.0001). There was no difference between groups in the rate of target-vessel revascularization ( P =0.2) or cerebrovascular accidents ( P =0.5). The difference in death/myocardial infarction remained significant after adjustment for baseline factors (odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 2.59, P &lt;0.001 for low-volume centers; odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.21, P &lt;0.001 for intermediate-volume centers). Patient and lesion selection, procedural features, and postprocedural medications differed significantly between groups. Conclusions— The volume of sirolimus-eluting stent procedures performed on an institutional level was inversely related to death and myocardial infarction but not to target-vessel revascularization at 6-month follow-up. Safety issues are better considered in high-volume centers. These findings have important public health policy implications.
Altered proline uptake by mouse liver cells after chronic exposure to ethanol and its metabolites.
Authors: C L Mendenhall, A Chedid, C Kromme
Journal: Gut (1984)

A cloned mouse liver cell model (NCTC 1469) treated with either ethanol or one of its metabolites, acetaldehyde or acetate, was used to study proline uptake. Beginning with the stationary phase of cell growth, 14C-proline uptake was markedly accelerated by both ethanol and acetaldehyde (p less than 0.001). When ethanol treatment was combined with 4-methyl pyrazole so as to block ethanol oxidation, the ethanol-induced increase in proline uptake was significantly decreased to levels similar to that seen in controls. Acetaldehyde-induced stimulation of proline uptake was not significantly changed by the addition of 4-methyl pyrazole. While uptake of proline was markedly increased by ethanol and acetaldehyde, proline pool sizes were not significantly changed. An increase in uptake without an increase in pool size suggests an increased utilisation. These studies establish an increase in proline uptake associated with chronic alcoholism and indicate that acetaldehyde is the primary metabolite of ethanol responsible for this increase.
Cherokee Strip Fossil.The Remains of an Enormous Extinct Animal Found by a Settler.
Authors: R. L. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Humboldt, Allen Co., Kan., April 3, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The fossil skeleton of a huge sea animal was recently discovered by a settler in the Cherokee Strip, while searching for driftwood along the banks of the Arkansas River. The beak or bill, was projecting from the sand and on breaking it off, it was found to be bone. This aroused the finder's curiosity to the extent that he set to work to exhume the skeleton. The beak or bill, a few vertebræ, some ribs and propellers were in a fair state of preservation, but the remainder crumbled as soon as exposed to the air. The discoverer stored his find in a shed, and thought little of its importance. By chance, Henry Patterson heard of it, went to the Strip and purchased it, had a wagon with a cushioned platform built, suitable for the safe transportation of the relic of
A piece of my mind. Pupils
Authors: H. F. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex Differences in Outcome with Bevacizumab Therapy: Analysis of Patients with Advanced-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with or without Bevacizumab in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial 4599
Authors: Julie R. Brahmer, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Robert J. Gray, Joan H. Schiller, Michael C. Perry, Alan Sandler, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Transport properties of pancreatic cancer describe gemcitabine delivery and response
Authors: Eugene J. Koay, Mark J. Truty, Vittorio Cristini, Ryan M. Thomas, Rong Chen, Deyali Chatterjee, Ya’an Kang, Priya R. Bhosale, Eric P. Tamm, Christopher H. Crane, Milind Javle, Matthew H. Katz, Vijaya N. Gottumukkala, Marc A. Rozner, Haifa Shen, Jeffery E. Lee, Huamin Wang, Yuling Chen, William Plunkett, James L. Abbruzzese, Robert A. Wolff, Gauri R. Varadhachary, Mauro Ferrari, Jason B. Fleming
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The therapeutic resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is partly ascribed to ineffective delivery of chemotherapy to cancer cells. We hypothesized that physical properties at vascular, extracellular, and cellular scales influence delivery of and response to gemcitabine-based therapy.We developed a method to measure mass transport properties during routine contrast-enhanced CT scans of individual human PDAC tumors. Additionally, we evaluated gemcitabine infusion during PDAC resection in 12 patients, measuring gemcitabine incorporation into tumor DNA and correlating its uptake with human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) levels, stromal reaction, and CT-derived mass transport properties. We also studied associations between CT-derived transport properties and clinical outcomes in patients who received preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for resectable PDAC.Transport modeling of 176 CT scans illustrated striking differences in transport properties between normal pancreas and tumor, with a wide array of enhancement profiles. Reflecting the interpatient differences in contrast enhancement, resected tumors exhibited dramatic differences in gemcitabine DNA incorporation, despite similar intravascular pharmacokinetics. Gemcitabine incorporation into tumor DNA was inversely related to CT-derived transport parameters and PDAC stromal score, after accounting for hENT1 levels. Moreover, stromal score directly correlated with CT-derived parameters. Among 110 patients who received preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy, CT-derived parameters correlated with pathological response and survival.Gemcitabine incorporation into tumor DNA is highly variable and correlates with multiscale transport properties that can be derived from routine CT scans. Furthermore, pretherapy CT-derived properties correlate with clinically relevant endpoints.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01276613.Lustgarten Foundation (989161), Department of Defense (W81XWH-09-1-0212), NIH (U54CA151668, KCA088084).
P164 MONOCYTE EXHAUSTION: A MECHANISTIC EXPLANATION FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION IN LIVER FAILURE
Authors: C. Bernsmeier, V. Patel, R. Tidswell, E. Triantafyllou, A. Singanayagam, W. Khamri, K. Agarwal, M. Heneghan, C. Willars, W. Bernal, G. Auzinger, Y. Ma, M. Thursz, J. Wendon, C.G. Antoniades
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
GE-41 * COMPREHENSIVE AND INTEGRATIVE GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFUSE LOWER GRADE GLIOMAS
Authors: W. K. A. Yung, R. Verhaak, L. Cooper, S. Salama, K. Aldape, D. Brat
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Diffuse lower grade gliomas (LGGs) are infiltrative gliomas that include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and oligo-astrocytoma grades II and III. We present a comprehensive analysis of 293 LGGs using multiple genomic and proteomic platforms from TCGA to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular features of LGGs, to classify them in a clinically-relevant manner, and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Clustering of gene expression, miRNA expression, protein expression, DNA methylation and DNA copy number profiles identified respectively four, four, four, five and three clusters. When combined, it overwhelmingly pointed towards three superclusters: 1. IDH1/IDH2 wildtype; 2. IDH1/IDH2 mutant/chromosome 1p/19q intact; 3. IDH1/IDH2 mutant/chromosome 1p/19q co-deleted. The three groups included samples from grade II and III astro-, oligo- and oligo-astrocytoma histologies. The IDH wildtype subtype was characterized by a GBM like phenotype included focal gains of EGFR, CDK4 and MDM4, mutations in NF1, EGFR and PTEN, and a poor median survival. Approximately 55% of these cases were grade III astrocytomas, while the remainder were of mixed grade and histology. The IDH mutant/1p-19q intact group showed focal amplification of PDGFRA, MYC and CCND2, 100% mutated TP53 and 80% mutated ATRX. This group was not dominated by a single grade or histology. Finally, the IDH mutant and 1p/19q co-deleted subtype harbored frequent mutations in CIC, FUBP1, NOTCH1, TERT; few copy number alterations and was populated oligodendrogliomas (84%). The two IDH mutant groups associated with a favorable median survival. Based on integrated analysis of genome, transcriptome, methylome and proteome we showed that LGG naturally separates into three distinct groups that traversed grades and histologies. Importantly, we identified a subtype with LGG histology but a molecular GBM profile, suggesting that GBM standard of care may be warranted for these patients. We propose that classification of LGG should be revised based on IDH mutation and 1p/19q deletion status.
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER
Authors: M. Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1930)

a hiigh obstruction was established, and higalh jejuniiostomynv was inidicated.An incision was made parallel to the left costal cartilages uiider gas-oxygen anid local anaestlhesia.A distended loop of jejunsunm was selected aind a catheter was introluced by thie, uls-ual Mayo method.A few oulnces of green fluid caine through tlhe tube, but there was no sulhsequent drainage.Fluid, however, could be freely initroduced. _A. IIZ E.A Dulodenal tiube.B, Hlighi jejitnostoilny (tuibe inserfe(d too low).c, ;tab wound in colonI.D, Caccal drainiage.E, Draini in pelvis.Yonmiting conitinuied throuighout the third day.A seconid jejunostomiiy after identification of the flexure waas considered, blut it was felt that the same result miglht be obtained by drainage of the stomaclh and duodenial contents throughil lie medium of a duodeiial tube.The tube was swallowed with great difficulty between tvo attacks of vomiting, anid, after lavage, by meanis of a niasal tube.It was now possible to aspir,ate fluid every half- hiouir with a Recor-d syring .Three pinits were withdr'awni ill twelve hour-s.The cliaracter of thle fluid completely changed; at first it was black, afterwards it became orange-coloured, with a fouil, but niot a faecal, smell.The toxicity of this fluid was made evident by the fact that if aspirationi was delayed oni any occasion the conidition of the patient becamie rapidly worse.Tlle mechaniical difficulties enlcounitered were dealt with inl the manner indicated, but, in addition, it was necessary to cope with progressive failure of strength fromi toxaenmia and loss of fluids.