tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5146: Reprogramming metastatic melanoma with the embryonic chick neural crest microenvironment
Authors: Jennifer C. Kasemeier-Kulesa, Morgan Romine, Elisabeth A. Seftor, Richard EB Seftor, Mary JC Hendrix, Paul M. Kulesa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous work demonstrated that metastatic melanoma cells transplanted into the chick embryonic neural crest microenvironment invade into the host tissue, migrate along host neural crest cell migratory pathways without forming tumors, and assume a neural crest cell-like phenotype (Kulesa et al., 2006; Hendrix et al., 2007; Kasemeier-Kulesa et al., 2008). Here, we aim to elucidate the tissues and signals within the ancestral embryonic neural crest microenvironment capable of reprogramming metastatic melanoma cells. We find that in vitro co-culture of C8161 melanoma cells with various chick tissues, including head, branchial arches, and trunk, reveal that embryonic day 4 trunk tissue induces an overall 6% re-expression of MART-1, a marker of a melanocyte like phenotype. This MART-1 re-expression is highest in cells in close proximity to the co-cultured tissue. We also tested known differentiation factors present in embryonic day 4 trunk tissue, and found NGF to have a 5-fold increase of MART-1 re-expression on C8161 cells. Further work will help establish whether the neural crest embryonic microenvironment initiates a more stable, long-lived reprogramming of the aggressive, metastatic melanoma cells to a more benign neural crest cell phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5146.
Effect of different warming-up protocols on time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic speed
Authors: C Rodriguez de la Cruz, C Brennenraedts, T Bury
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Middle distance races are characterised by a start at high intensity without progression. Some studies focused on the warming-up (WU) effects on physiological parameters during race from 95% to 120% of the work rate at VO 2 max. The aim was to determine the efficiency of different WU protocols on time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic speed (M.A.S.). We recruited 11 middle distance runners (mean age 30±4 years, height 177± 7 cm, VO 2 max 59.7±6.4 mlO 2 .min -1 .kg -1 , M.A.S. 17.7±1.16 km/h). Subjects performed a triangular aerobic test to determine M.A.S. and three randomised rectangular tests at M.A.S. after three different WU protocols at 7 days of interval. The three WU protocols consist in no warming-up; 20 min WU at 55% of VO 2 max (low WU); 15 min WU AT 55% and 5 min at ((speed at LT 1 + speed at O.B.L.A.) / 2) (intense WU). After the WU, subjects observed 5 min rest before the rectangular test. Blood lactate concentration was measured four times (before WU, after WU, before and after rectangular test); whereas heart rate, VO 2 and ventilation were monitored continually. The mean heart rate during the rectangular test was higher (p&lt;0.05) from the 1st–7th min after low and intense WU than without WU. The VO 2 max kinetic was the same in the three tests. Average blood lactate concentration was similar at the end of the race in the three protocols (6.9±0.8 mmol.l -1 without WU, 6.8±0.8 mmol.l -1 low WU and 6.6±0.7 mmol.l -1 intense WU). Time to exhaustion at M.A.S. was higher (p&lt;0.05) after intense WU. Results suggest that the intense WU has a positive effect on time to exhaustion at M.A.S. and therefore on aerobic performance. This is probably the result of a faster cardiovascular adaptation.
Biochemistry of the White Blood Cell
Authors: Seymour Perry
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In spite of the numerous studies and a growing list of publications concerned with the biochemistry of the white blood cell (WBC), many fundamental problems still remain unsolved. There are a number of factors responsible for this situation, but the two most important ones concern the procurement of leukocytes, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the cells. Several methods for the separation of WBC's from red blood cells (RBC's) and platelets are now available but these do not provide for the isolation of leukocytes of uniform age within the myeloid series, or for the separation of granulocytes from lymphocytes. This is of particular importance in biochemical studies involving the cells of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It has been demonstrated that the concentration of many of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic constituents is different in granulocytes and lymphocytes, and that the levels change as the leukocyte matures. In addition
More Efficient Induction of HLA-A*0201-Restricted and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)–Specific CTL Response by Immunization with Exosomes Prepared from Heat-Stressed CEA-Positive Tumor Cells
Authors: Shengming Dai, Tao Wan, Baomei Wang, Xiangyang Zhou, Fangming Xiu, Taoyong Chen, Yanfeng Wu, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor-derived exosomes are proposed as a new type of cancer vaccine. Heat shock proteins are potent Th1 adjuvant, and heat stress can induce heat shock protein and MHC-I expression in tumor cells, leading to the increased immunogenicity of tumor cells. To improve the immunogenicity of exosomes as cancer vaccine, we prepared exosomes from heat-stressed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–positive tumor cells (CEA+/HS-Exo) and tested the efficacy of these exosomes in the induction of CEA-specific antitumor immunity. Experimental Design: First, we identified the composition of CEA+/HS-Exo and observed their effects on human dendritic cell maturation. Then, we evaluated their ability to induce a CEA-specific immune response in vivo in HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice and CEA-specific CTL response in vitro in HLA-A*0201+ healthy donors and HLA-A*0201+CEA+ cancer patients. Results: CEA+/HS-Exo contained CEA and more heat shock protein 70 and MHC-I and significantly induced dendritic cell maturation. Immunization of HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice with CEA+/HS-Exo was more efficient in priming a CEA-specific CTL, and the CTL showed antitumor effect when adoptively transferred to SW480-bearing nude mice. Moreover, in vitro incubation of lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201+ healthy donors and HLA-A*0201+CEA+ cancer patients with CEA+/HS-Exo-pulsed autologous dendritic cells induces HLA-A*0201-restricted and CEA-specific CTL response. Conclusions: Our results show that CEA+/HS-Exo has superior immunogenicity than CEA+/Exo in inducing CEA-specific CTL response and suggest that exosomes derived from heat-stressed tumor cells may be used as efficient vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Points: McIlroy was here. Or was he?
Authors: M Janosi
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A N Bamji (14 April, p 973) with great interest.We were medical students resident in separate Dublin hospitals in 1966.At this time McIlroy appeared at the casualty department of the Royal City of Dublin Hospital complaining of chest pain.One of us (JRN) was connecting him to an ECG machine which required to be earthed.Unfortunately, this was not done and the patient obviously experienced an electric shock.He leapt from the trolley and, putting his finger over his tracheostomy, confirmed in no uncertain terms that this was the case.He took his own discharge.Later that evening this somewhat ruffled student called at the Adelaide Hospital three kilometres or so away.There CED was found to be examining McIlroy, still complain- ing of chest pain but not referring to his recent experience.When he saw JRN he had the grace to look a little embarrassed.The ECG machine in the Adelaide Hospital evidently caused the patient no further upset-and the tracing showed no abnormality.Nevertheless, he spent a comfortable night in hospital and subsequently took his own discharge.There is no doubt in our minds that this man was McIlroy....
Better mental health services
Authors: D Chakraborti
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gonorrhoea during the first quarter of this year.As well as indicating unsafe sexual practice, gonorrhoea in women may also be a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV-I (M Laga et al, sixth international conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990).Surveillance of gonorrhoea in women may provide both an indication for assessing the potential for spread of HIV-I in the heterosexual community and a measure of safe sexual practice.
Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies
Authors: Daniel H. Huson, David Bryant
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The evolutionary history of a set of taxa is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree, and this model has greatly facilitated the discussion and testing of hypotheses. However, it is well known that more complex evolutionary scenarios are poorly described by such models. Further, even when evolution proceeds in a tree-like manner, analysis of the data may not be best served by using methods that enforce a tree structure but rather by a richer visualization of the data to evaluate its properties, at least as an essential first step. Thus, phylogenetic networks should be employed when reticulate events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, recombination, or gene duplication and loss are believed to be involved, and, even in the absence of such events, phylogenetic networks have a useful role to play. This article reviews the terminology used for phylogenetic networks and covers both split networks and reticulate networks, how they are defined, and how they can be interpreted. Additionally, the article outlines the beginnings of a comprehensive statistical framework for applying split network methods. We show how split networks can represent confidence sets of trees and introduce a conservative statistical test for whether the conflicting signal in a network is treelike. Finally, this article describes a new program, SplitsTree4, an interactive and comprehensive tool for inferring different types of phylogenetic networks from sequences, distances, and trees.
New angiotensin receptor blocker is as effective as ACE inhibitor
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An angiotensin receptor blocker is as effective as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients who are at high risk of cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. But combining the two drugs seems to increase the rate of adverse events without improving survival.

ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and cardiovascular morbidity among patients with myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, or both. In a double blind trial known as the Valiant study, researchers led by Dr Marc Pfeffer, professor of cardiology at the Brigham and …
TCT-825 Antegrade-transseptal, Retrograde or Trasapical Access to the Ascending Aorta Hemodynamic- a Comparision Study in a Porcine Model
Authors: Sabine Wipper, Christina Lohrenz, Oliver Ahlbrecht, Axel Larena-Avellaneda, Sebastian Carpenter, Eike Debus, Tilo Kölbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome–associated Shiga toxins promote endothelial-cell secretion and impair ADAMTS13 cleavage of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers
Authors: Leticia H. Nolasco, Nancy A. Turner, Aubrey Bernardo, Zhenyin Tao, Thomas G. Cleary, Jing-fei Dong, Joel L. Moake
Journal: Blood (2005)
IRREGULARITIES OF THE DENTAL ARCH.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Having in the last two decades given much attention to researches on the etiology of the types of faces of most nationalities, I propose to present the causes of irregularities of the dental arch in a concise, practical manner. In studying the etiology of irregularities of the dental arch, I shall discuss the merits and demerits of some of the later theories, including those as to the alleged normal dental arch. Two misleading classifications of what constitutes normal dental arches have been advanced by able practitioners of dentistry. ``The American System of Dentistry," Vol. ii, page 1030, published in 1887, contains an article entitled ``Dental and Facial Types," in which the author, after discussing temperaments, attempts to show that certain forms of dental arches (which he calls types) are characteristic of different temperaments. Thus, ``the arch of the bilious temperament from cuspid to cuspid is almost flat, the lines backward
Anti-thymocyte globulin/G-CSF treatment preserves β cell function in patients with established type 1 diabetes
Authors: Michael J. Haller, Stephen E. Gitelman, Peter A. Gottlieb, Aaron W. Michels, Stephen M. Rosenthal, Jonathan J. Shuster, Baiming Zou, Todd M. Brusko, Maigan A. Hulme, Clive H. Wasserfall, Clayton E. Mathews, Mark A. Atkinson, Desmond A. Schatz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Previous efforts to preserve β cell function in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have focused largely on the use of single immunomodulatory agents administered within 100 days of diagnosis. Based on human and preclinical studies, we hypothesized that a combination of low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and pegylated granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) would preserve β cell function in patients with established T1D (duration of T1D >4 months and <2 years).A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 25 subjects: 17 subjects received ATG (2.5 mg/kg intravenously) followed by pegylated G-CSF (6 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 6 doses) and 8 subjects received placebo. The primary outcome was the 1-year change in AUC C-peptide following a 2-hour mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT). At baseline, the age (mean ± SD) was 24.6 ± 10 years; mean BMI was 25.4 ± 5.2 kg/m²; mean A1c was 6.5% ± 1.1%; insulin use was 0.31 ± 0.22 units/kg/d; and length of diagnosis was 1 ± 0.5 years.Combination ATG/G-CSF treatment tended to preserve β cell function in patients with established T1D. The mean difference in MMTT-stimulated AUC C-peptide between treated and placebo subjects was 0.28 nmol/l/min (95% CI 0.001-0.552, P = 0.050). A1c was lower in ATG/G-CSF-treated subjects at the 6-month study visit. ATG/G-CSF therapy was associated with relative preservation of Tregs.Patients with established T1D may benefit from combination immunotherapy approaches to preserve β cell function. Further studies are needed to determine whether such approaches may prevent or delay the onset of the disease.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01106157.The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust and Sanofi.
Abstract 466: Does body weight influence tumor-infiltrating B cells in murine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Patrick B. White, Kathryn M. Dalbec, Eben M. True, Sue S. Wang, Deborah A. Swartz-Basile, Henry A. Pitt, Nicholas J. Zyromski
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We have developed a murine model of pancreatic cancer in congenitally obese (LepOb and LepDb) mice where tumors grow larger, metastasize, and decrease survival. Obese mice also had altered splenic T and B cells as well as downregulation of B cell and immunoglobulin genes and reduced numbers of B cells in the tumors. The question remained, however, whether alterations in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were a reflection of body weight or leptin metabolism. Therefore, we designed an experiment to determine whether diet-induced weight gain would alter systemic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Methods: Thirty lean C57 female mice were fed either a control 10% fat (n=10) or a 60% fat diet (n=20) starting at 6 weeks of age. At 11 weeks, all mice were inoculated with 2.5x105 PAN02 murine pancreatic cancer cells. After 6 weeks tumors that developed in 18 mice, the spleen (n=12), and the sera were harvested. Mice were categorized as Lean or Overweight if they weighed less or more than the mean final weight of the 60% fat animals (23.1g). Tumors in Lean (n=10) and Overweight (n=8) mice were sectioned and stained for B and T cells. Two observers blinded to animal weight graded cell density on a scale of 0-4 in 10 high-powered fields. Flow cytometry was performed on the spleen from Lean and Overweight mice for B, T, activated T and B (ACT), natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages (MACRO). Serum leptin was measured. ANOVA and Student's t-test were applied. Results: Tumors were larger (1.33 vs. 0.54g, p=0.03) and leptin levels were higher (3.1 vs. 1.4ng/ml, p=0.05) in Overweight mice. Mean tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scores and spleen lymphocyte data are presented in the table. Conclusion: The data suggest that 1) both B and T cells are present in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment and 2) TIL and splenic lymphocyte populations do not differ between lean and overweight mice. We conclude that obesity, as opposed to overweight, is required to alter systemic and tumor microenvironment lymphocyte populations. B Cell TILT Cell TILB Cell (%) SpleenT Cell (%) SpleenACT (%) SpleenNK (%) SpleenMACRO (%) SpleenLean0.7±0.12.2±0.264±244±32.3±0.72.3±0.71.6±0.2Overweight0.7±0.12.0±0.258±139±51.5±0.31.4±0.41.4±0.3 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 466.
Formation of mutagens by heating foods and model systems.
Authors: D Yoshida, T Matsumoto, H Okamoto, S Mizusaki, A Kushi, Y Fukuhara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

We have demonstrated that the pyrolysis products of amino acids and proteins in model systems are mutagenic. The mutagenic principles in the pyrolyzates of amino acids have been isolated and identified by Sugimura et al. We have isolated and identified amino-alpha-carbolines from pyrolyzed soybean globulin as mutagens. The yield of mutagens by the heating of food constituents is changed by the heating method. Effects of heating methods on the yield of amino-alpha-carbolines were studied in a series of experiments, and the results are shown in this paper. Additionally, it has been shown that by the heating of creatine-sugar mixtures imidazoquinoline or quinoxaline mutagens are formed.
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Dosing of Udenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Zhao, Sae Woong Kim, Dae Yul Yang, Je Jong Kim, Nam Cheol Park, Sung Won Lee, Jae Seung Paick, Tai Young Ahn, Kweon Sik Min, Kwangsung Park, Jong Kwan Park
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Endothelin-1–Dependent Nuclear Factor of Activated T Lymphocyte Signaling Associates With Transcriptional Coactivator p300 in the Activation of the B Cell Leukemia-2 Promoter in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Teruhisa Kawamura, Koh Ono, Tatsuya Morimoto, Masaharu Akao, Eri Iwai-Kanai, Hiromichi Wada, Naoya Sowa, Toru Kita, Koji Hasegawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent survival factor that protects cardiac myocytes from apoptosis. ET-1 induces cardiac gene transcription and protein expression of antiapoptotic B cell leukemia-2 (bcl-2) in a calcineurin-dependent manner. A cellular target of adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) oncoprotein, p300 also activates bcl-2 transcription in cardiac myocytes and is required for their survival. p300 acts as a calcineurin-regulated nuclear factors of activated T lymphocytes (NFATc), downstream targets of calcineurin. In addition, the bcl-2 promoter contains multiple NFAT consensus sequences. These findings prompted us to investigate the role of NFATc in ET-1-dependent and p300-dependent bcl-2 transcription in cardiac myocytes. In primary cardiac myocytes prepared from neonatal rats, mutation of 2 NFAT sites within the bcl-2 promoter completely abolished the ET-1- and p300-induced increases in the activity of this promoter. We show here that p300 markedly potentiates the binding of NFATc1 to the bcl-2 NFAT element by interacting with NFATc1 in an E1A-dependent manner. On the other hand, stimulation of cardiac myocytes with ET-1 causes nuclear translocation of NFATc1, which interacts with p300 and increases DNA binding. Expression of E1A did not change the cardiac nuclear localization of NFATc1 but blocked its interaction with p300, DNA binding, and bcl-2 promoter activation. These findings suggest that ET-1-dependent NFATc signaling associates with p300 in the transactivation of bcl-2 gene in cardiac myocytes.
Follow-up study of small-for-dates babies.
Authors: R Fancourt, S Campbell, D Harvey, A P Norman
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A group of small-for-dates full-term babies whose intra-uterine growth was followed by serial ultrasonic cephalometry were examined at a mean age of 4 years. Those children whose skull growth had begun to slow in utero before 34 weeks' menstrual age were more likely to have a height and weight less than the 10th centile. When the onset of growth failure had occurred before 26 weeks there was a lower developmental quotient at follow-up using the Griffiths extended scales. Prolonged slow growth in utero therefore seems to be followed by slow growth and development after birth.
Abstract 19: Novel HIF2A mutations disrupting oxygen sensing lead to a new syndrome of multiple paragangliomas and somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia
Authors: Chunzhang Yang, Karel Pacak, Zhengping Zhuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) control the cellular response to hypoxia and when dysregulated, contribute to tumorigenesis. We identified novel somatic mutations in HIF2A in patients with multiple paragangliomas and somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia, representing a new syndrome found predominantly in female patients. Mutations in HIF2A resulted in an amino acid substitution in the evolutionarily conserved oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain and were found to uniquely disrupt the HIF-2α hydroxylation site recognized by prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 containing protein (PHD2). Disruption of HIF-2α hydroxylation resulted in the stabilization of HIF-2α and increased expression of hypoxia-related genes, dysregulated hematopoiesis, and neuroendocrine tumor formation. These results show for the first time the role of HIF-2α somatic mutations in cancer pathogenesis. Citation Format: Chunzhang Yang, Karel Pacak, Zhengping Zhuang. Novel HIF2A mutations disrupting oxygen sensing lead to a new syndrome of multiple paragangliomas and somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr 19. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-19
Improved outcome of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery treated with combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee, Hitinder Gurm, W.H.Wilson Tang, Marco Roffi, Kathy Wolski, David J. Moliterno, Victor Guetta, Diego Ardissino, Christopher Bode, Gabriel Steg, A.Michael Lincoff, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Hb Lepore (Pylos)/Hb S compounds heterozygosity in two Greek families
Authors: E. Voskaridou, K. Konstantopoulos, P. Kollia, M. Papadakis, D. Loukopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract We have studied three compound heterozygotes for Hb Lepore (“Pylos”)/HbS hemoglobin, a combination quite uncommon in the literature. It is of interest that while two of these cases are clinically similar to those thus far reported, the third one is free of symptoms and the diagnosis was put incidentally. This mild condition may be due to the high level of fetal hemoglobin produced. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.