tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled study of extracorporeal albumin dialysis for hepatic encephalopathy in advanced cirrhosis
Authors: Tarek I. Hassanein, Flemming Tofteng, Robert S. Brown, Brendan McGuire, Patrick Lynch, Ravindra Mehta, Fin S. Larsen, Jeff Gornbein, Jan Stange, Andres T. Blei
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD) may improve severe hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with advanced cirrhosis via the removal of protein or non–protein-bound toxins. A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ECAD using molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) was conducted in such patients. Patients were randomized to ECAD and standard medical therapy (SMT) or SMT alone. ECAD was provided daily for 6 hours for 5 days or until the patient had a 2-grade improvement in HE. HE grades (West Haven criteria) were evaluated every 12 hours using a scoring algorithm. The primary endpoint was the difference in improvement proportion of HE between the 2 groups. A total of 70 subjects [median age, 53; 56% male; 56% HE grade 3; 44% HE grade 4; median model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) 32 (11–50) and CPT 13 (10–15)] were enrolled in 8 tertiary centers. Patients were randomized to ECAD + SMT (n = 39) or SMT alone (n = 31). Groups were matched in demographics and clinical variables. The improvement proportion of HE was higher in ECAD (mean, 34%; median, 30%) versus the SMT group (mean, 18.9%; median, 0%) ( P = 0.044) and was reached faster and more frequently than in the SMT group ( P = 0.045). Subjects receiving ECAD tolerated treatment well with no unexpected adverse events. Conclusion: The use of ECAD may be associated with an earlier and more frequent improvement of HE (grade 3/4). Because this 5-day study was not designed to examine the impact of MARS on survival, a full assessment of the role of albumin dialysis awaits the results of additional controlled trials. (Hepatology 2007.)
Bronchoalveolar lavage immunoglobulin A and G and antiproteases correlate with changes in diffusion indices during the natural course of pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: O Vandenplas, S Depelchin, L Delaunois, JP Delwiche, Y Sibille
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We wanted to determine whether cell populations and soluble components in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) could be useful in predicting the outcome of lung function and chest radiography in patients with untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis. Analysis of soluble proteins in BAL fluid, included the levels of immunoglobulins and the two major antiproteases, alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), expressed as a relative coefficient of excretion (RCE). Thirty one nonsmoking patients with biopsy proven sarcoidosis, who remained untreated, had reassessment of lung function tests after 6-54 months (median 21 months). No correlation was observed between initial BAL data and changes in lung volumes and radiographic opacities. By contrast, the initial BAL immunoglobulin A and G (IgA and IgG) RCE correlated inversely with the change in transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) in the whole group and in patients with sarcoidosis of recent origin (estimated disease duration < 6 months). In the whole group and in patients with longstanding disease (estimated disease duration > 24 months, or radiographic Stage 4), the change in carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) correlated negatively with the initial alpha 1-PI RCE and positively with the initial helper to suppressor T-cell (T4/T8) ratio. By contrast, no significant difference in BAL cellular and protein data was found between patients with recent and longstanding sarcoidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of saline infusions on intrarenal distribution of glomerular filtrate and proximal reabsorption in the dog
Authors: Henry Mandin, Arnold H. Israelit, Floyd C. Rector, Donald W. Seldin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The effect of acute extracellular volume expansion with saline on the intrarenal distribution of glomerular filtrate, was studied in dogs utilizing micropuncture techniques in which samples were obtained by both recollection and from new tubules. Recollection was examined in seven dogs during continuous hydropenia and in five dogs during continuous saline diuresis. Recollection was associated with an increase in nephron flow rate of 8% during hydropenia and 27% during saline diuresis. In addition, during continuous saline diuresis, shortened transit times and lowered intratubular pressures were recorded in previously punctured tubules. Despite increased tubular flow, fractional reabsorption was unchanged. Nephron glomerular filtration rates (gfr) were measured during hydropenia and then after acute volume expansion in 10 dogs. In the repunctured tubules gfr rose 38% more than total glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In contrast, when new tubules were punctured during volume expansion, nephron gfr and total GFR changed proportionately. The disproportionate rise in nephron gfr after volume expansion noted with the recollection technique appears to be artifactual when contrasted to micropuncture of new tubules. With acute volume expansion, fractional reabsorption decreased 15% in recollected samples and 16% in newly sampled tubules. Increased nephron gfr cannot account for the fall in fractional reabsorption. It is concluded that in dogs, saline diuresis is not associated with redistribution of filtrate from deep to superficial nephrons, and that the fall in proximal fractional reabsorption is caused by diminished absolute reabsorption.
Abstract 4174: <i>miR-17-92</i> as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Authors: Dong M. park, Seok C. Lee, Hark K. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We previously reported that 82 gastric cancer patients overexpress miR-17-5p, compared with healthy volunteers [median tumor/normal ratio, 1.6; false discovery rate&amp;lt;0.001]. Although 13q31.3 amplification has been reported in gastric cancer, the exact frequency of MIR17HG gene amplification in gastric cancer has not been systematically investigated. Using combined CGH and expression array analyses, we identified genomic abnormalities associated with miR-17-5p expression. No copy number alteration of MIR17HG was identified among the 32 study patients. Median or higher levels of miR-17-5p expression in gastric cancer patients were associated with copy number gain and overexpression of known oncogenes such as MYC and FGFR2. Based on mRNA expression microarray, genes differentially expressed between the high miR-17-expressing tumors and healthy volunteers were significantly enriched in MYC target genes (LS P value, 0.007). MYC knockdown in SNU-16 gastric cancer cells significantly decreased miR-17-92 expression. Although transcriptional activation, rather than gene amplification, was identified as the primary mechanism underlying miR-17-92 overexpression in gastric cancer, miR-17-5p inhibition led to suppressed monolayer and anchorage-independent growth and increased G1/S phase ratio in KATO-III cells which harbor FGFR2 gene amplification. Hence, miR-17-92 may serve as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer (supported by the Proteogenomic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; and by Korean National Cancer Center Grant 121005). Citation Format: Dong M. park, Seok C. Lee, Hark K. Kim. miR-17-92 as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4174
TCT-391 Predictors and Outcomes of Side Branch Occlusion after Main Vessel Stenting in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: Results from the COBIS (COronary BIfurcation Stenting) II Registry
Authors: Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Woo Jung Chun, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Yang soo Jang, Jin-Ok Jeong, Myung Ho Jeong, Ji-Hwan Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Bon-Kwon Koo, Ju Hyeon Oh, Jong Seon Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Young Bin Song, Seung-Jea Tahk, Junghan Yoon, Cheol woong Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Penicillin-Resistant Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Authors: William A. Agger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The choice of antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic lung infections remains controversial. These infections usually result from penicillin-sensitive oral flora. However, isolates of penicillin-resistant<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>and<i>Bacteroides melaninogenicus</i>from such cases have been reported.<sup>1</sup>Despite these resistant organisms, several reports have indicated that such infections may respond as well to penicillin as to clindamycin or other antimicrobial drugs directed against the penicillin-resistant species.<sup>2</sup> We recently treated a cavitating anaerobic pneumonia that did not respond to penicillin or to ampicillin in one of our patients. Clinical response occurred only after administration of clindamycin phosphate was begun. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 68-year-old diabetic man had development of rigors, fever, and a productive cough. After seven days of illness, a chest roentgenogram disclosed a right lower lobe pneumonia. After hospitalization, intravenous (IV) administration of penicillin G sodium, 600,000 units every six hours for four days, followed by
GMC must not recommend abolition of United Examining Board's examination
Authors: F B Gibberd
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The education committee of the General Medical Council is considering recommending to the Privy Council that the United Examining Board's examination should no longer be recognised as a route to full medical registration in the United Kingdom. The United Examining Board's examination is the single examination that has recently superseded the three separate examinations for the Scottish triple qualification, the conjoint qualification, and the licence in medicine and surgery of the Society of Apothecaries (LMSSA). The General Medical Council's education committee …
The Supply of Primary Care Physicians
Authors: George Gellert
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —The analysis provided by Politzer et al 1 of the inadequate supply of primary care physicians glossed over the fundamental issue of the large income disparities among the medical specialties and made no significant recommendations regarding the resolution of this problem. Financial incentives to medical school graduates to select primary care careers, resident bonuses, and loan and interest forgiveness are insufficient strategies. As long as surgeons, radiologists, ophthalmologists, and other specialists continue to make, on average, double the annual income of primary care practitioners, those specialties will draw young physicians at the expense of the latter. 2   Average-income figures also do not convey another reality: the minority of physicians within these specialties who view their careers in medicine largely as a commercial enterprise and who garner incomes that are three, four, or five times the national mean. These poor role models offer medical students a distorted image
Miscellaneous: Designing a camel: a new BMA logo
Authors: R. Fishwick
Journal: BMJ (1983)

How would you like to design," they said "a new logo and type style for our stationery and publications?We have all these people within the BMA doing their own thing and the printed material that comes out of here takes some believing."(I believed: I'd seen some of it.)"Actually," they said, "we approached a couple of West End design consultancies to quote for a complete corporate image but the BMA treasurer's hair turned white when he saw the cost.How about your doing us a budget version ?Bit by bit, that is, a gradual process.""We have a roundel version of the BMA coat of arms, of course," they continued, "and many of us are very attached to it, but it doesn't reduce well-looks like a button when small, in fact-and with the increasing range of material we put out we find it doesn't lend itself well to all our needs.It tends to fill in, particularly if we reverse it out of a background colour.""However, we'd like to retain the roundel for special occasions, ceremonial and suchlike.""And I'd like to retain Eric Gill's symbol design for special uses, too," said the editor, hedging his bets quickly, "invitations to social functions and things like that, you understand.""And we're building up our print department downstairs, so any type you use must be available to them."And that, basically, was the brief.
Increased Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels are Associated with Methacholine Responsiveness in Atopic but not in Non-Atopic African American subjects
Authors: C FOSS, D HAUSWIRTH, J SUNDY, Z YANG, S MERVINBLAKE, K ALEXANDER, S ALLGOOD, P MCNAIR, M LEVESQUE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
Authors: M. A. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL JOUR~NALunusual features of adeno-acanthoma.Whether her ill- defined endocrine disturbances or surgical intervention had any bearing on the development of carcinoma is mere conjecture.Summar A case of adrenogenitalism is described in which over a period of 16 years surgery was necessary on three occasions:(1) to remove a hypertrophied adrenal gland; (2) to remove an egg-sized follicular cyst of the ovary; and (3) to remove the uterus for carcinoma (adeno-acanthoma).Hormone excretion levels were recorded before and after hysterectomy, but no unusual level was obtained.I wish to thank Professor Hilda Lloyd, P.R.C.O.G., and Professor A. P. Thomson for the opportunity of reporting this case, and also Dr
Passivation of Metallic Stents After Arterial Gene Transfer of phVEGF165Inhibits Thrombus Formation and Intimal Thickening
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Fermin O Tio, Donghui Chen, Luc Maillard, Dongfen Chen, Marianne Kearney, Jeffrey M Isner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
<i>para</i>-Phenylenediamine: the profile of an important allergen. Results of the IVDK<sup>1</sup>
Authors: A. Schnuch, H. Lessmann, P.J. Frosch, W. Uter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important contact allergen and primarily used in hair dyeing.To quantify cases of contact allergy (CA) to PPD attributed to sources of exposure.Patients with PPD CA, diagnosed by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; n = 3307 of 83 030 patients tested), were divided into five subgroups of exposure. Demographic variables and pattern of concomitant reactions were used to characterize the subgroups further. The impact of individual factors on the risk of PPD CA was examined with a logistic regression analysis. Clinical epidemiology and drug utilization research (CE-DUR) methods were employed to estimate the 10-year prevalence of PPD CA in the general population.The 4% prevalence of PPD CA in patients was extrapolated to a prevalence of 0.96% in the general population. The defined profiles were found to 'explain' the following percentages of PPD CA: (i) hair dyeing in clients 22% (0.2% of the general population); (ii) different occupational exposures, namely hair dyeing by hairdressers, paint- and rubber-associated exposures 23% (0.22% of the general population); (iii) clothing/shoes 12% (0.12% of the general population). A probable causal exposure to PPD could not be identified in about 44% of patients with PPD CA.In more than 50% of cases of PPD CA, a (very) probable causal exposure was identified. In the large remainder (44%) this was not possible. 'Historical' CA without current relevance and active sensitization through patch testing (a further important exposure to PPD) must be considered in these patients.
Contrast Media for Myelography
Authors: Allan Ranhosky
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Wiltse et al (231:474,1975) mentions that water-soluble contrast media such as diatrizoate and iothalamate are safe for myelography under "certain conditions." Unfortunately, such a statement is subject to potentially dangerous misinterpretation. The referenced articles<sup>1-6</sup>report that very serious reactions (convulsions, paralysis, shock, and death) can arise when even relatively small amounts of these media are introduced into the subarachnoid space. In view of these serious reactions, we consider all currently available urographic and angiographic media too toxic for use in myelography even when special techniques designed to assure safety are employed.
Influence of dietary linoleic acid on leucocyte sodium transport and blood pressure.
Authors: A M Heagerty, J D Ollerenshaw, D I Robertson, R F Bing, J D Swales
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a randomised double blind study to determine whether an increase in the polyunsaturated fat linoleic acid might influence leucocyte membrane sodium transport 22 normotensive volunteers received an oral supplement of linoleic acid or placebo daily for four weeks. Mean total sodium efflux rose significantly during supplementation with linoleic acid compared with placebo. In addition, all components of lying and standing blood pressure fell, though only the fall in supine systolic pressure was significant. Dietary supplementation with linoleic acid may alter ion fluxes across the cell membrane, presumably through changes in its physicochemical structure. In addition, the change in fat intake may lower blood pressure, though to only a very modest extent.
To acknowledge the support from many others
Authors: P. T. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I feel very honoured to receive the BMJ Editor’s Award,1 but it would be wrong not to acknowledge the tremendous support I have had.

Over the years I have had enormous support from the BMJ and its consecutive editors, Richard Smith and Fiona Godlee. I have also had invaluable help from Health Watch, particularly from John Garrow, who set up Health Watch’s support fund for my libel cases, primed it with a large personal donation, and turned up at court to provide support. I received great support in my libel cases from the Libel Reform campaigners, including Sense about Science, Simon Singh, Ben Goldacre, Hardeep Singh, and Evan Harris. Many other people, including many doctors and a few politicians from all parties provided support. I am sorry that there are too many for me to name them all.

NMT Medical instructed its lawyers to issue a libel claim against my colleague Simon Nightingale, who had been a member of the MIST (Migraine Intervention …
Abstract 465: EVI1 transcriptionally represses SLUG to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colon cancer
Authors: Kasturi B. Nayak, Soumen Chakraborty
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is frequently implicated in hematological malignancies and in some solid tumors. Deregulated expression of EVI1 impairs several pathways including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle through different mechanisms in different cell types. EVI1 was found to be overexpressed in 53% of human colorectal cancer samples, 100% of colon adenocarcinoma samples, 100% of human colon cancer cell lines and its presence might affect disease progression and sensitivity to chemotherapy. To investigate the stage specific expression pattern of EVI1 in colon cancer patient samples, we analyzed two of the publicly available microarray datasets (GEO database) of colon cancer patients and observed that although EVI1 is upregulated in the initial stage of the disease, the expression level decreases with the progression of the disease. In cancer cells loss of epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin is considered to be a fundamental event in EMT. To decipher whether EVI1 is involved in EMT, we checked five transcription factors (SLUG, SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB1 and ZEB2) which controls the expression of E-cadherin in cancer cells. Significant negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of EVI1 and all the above transcription factors in colon cancer patient samples. Recently it was shown by using ChIP sequencing that EVI1 target SLUG and SNAIL in SKOV3 cells. To understand whether EVI1 directly binds to both SLUG and SNAIL, we did an in silico analysis and searched for EVI1 binding site(s) in the functional promoter region of both SLUG and SNAIL. Although we did not observe any binding site in SNAIL promoter region; we observed two EVI1 binding sites in the SLUG promoter region. To validate the predicted target sites in vivo, we did a ChIP assay and found that EVI1 binds to one of the site and not both of them. To determine the transcriptional regulation, we cloned the promoter region of SLUG (-1100 bp) in pGL3 vector and did luciferase assay, which revealed that EVI1 significantly represses SLUG activity in EVI1 transfected cells. Analysis of gene expression databases corroborates the above finding and shows that EVI1 negatively regulates SLUG expression in each stage of the disease as well as in colon cancer cell lines. We have worked on the functional aspects of the binding in terms of EMT which will be presented in the poster. Citation Format: Kasturi B. Nayak, Soumen Chakraborty. EVI1 transcriptionally represses SLUG to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-465
Outcome of breech delivery at term.
Authors: P. Bingham, R. Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Though these figures do not show absolute accuracy in data collection, they suggest that the quality of the data is much better than the reputed norm for data collected routinely in the NHS.We believe that a system of data collection based close to the clinical team and well integrated with the process of care (both attributes of the system in North West Thames) offers a better opportunity for accuracy than a centralised system covering a whole hospital.Although it is inappropriate to consider database analysis as some sort of replace- ment for prospective research, we believe that our results show that routine data collection can be made sufficiently reliable for such studies to be of value to clinicians.
Early-life origins of chronic respiratory diseases: understanding and promoting healthy ageing
Authors: Silvia Carraro, Nienke Scheltema, Louis Bont, Eugenio Baraldi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Chronic obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often originate early in life. In addition to a genetic predisposition, prenatal and early-life environmental exposures have a persistent impact on respiratory health. Acting during a critical phase of lung development, these factors may change lung structure and metabolism, and may induce maladaptive responses to harmful agents, which will affect the whole lifespan. Some environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke, type of childbirth and diet, may be modifiable, but it is more difficult to influence other factors, such as preterm birth and early exposure to viruses or allergens. Here, we bring together recent literature to analyse the critical aspects involved in the early stages of lung development, going back to prenatal and perinatal events, and we discuss the mechanisms by which noxious factors encountered early on may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. We briefly comment on the need for early disease biomarkers and on the possible role of “-omic” technologies in identifying risk profiles predictive of chronic respiratory conditions. Such profiles could guide the ideation of effective preventive strategies and/or targeted early lifestyle or therapeutic interventions.