tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aplastic anemia successfully treated with rituximab
Authors: Per Boye Hansen, Anne M. Falensteen Lauritzen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

An otherwise healthy 73-year-old female was admitted to our department in 1997 because of easy bruising and a platelet count of 12 × 109/L. The patient was taking no medications. Bone marrow examination revealed erythroid hyperplasia, megakaryocytic hypoplasia, and no sign of malignancy. Chromosome analysis showed a normal karyotype. There was serological evidence of previous infection with parvovirus B19. No antibodies to HBV, HCV, CMV, or EBV were found. ANA and cardiolipin antibodies were not detected. Treatment with prednisolone was without effect, but 3 weeks after i.v. gamma-globulin therapy, the platelet count was normal, 233 × 109/L. Two years later, the patient was readmitted with a platelet count of 11 × 109/L. At this time, treatment with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and gamma-globulin had only a temporary effect, and further therapy was stopped because of side effects. During the next 3 years, the patient developed transfusion-dependent anemia, and her white blood cell count decreased to 1.8 × 109/L. A new bone marrow examination showed aplastic anemia with bone marrow cellularity about 10%. After an intracerebral hemorrhage, the patient accepted treatment with rituximab and received 4 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2. This therapy was followed by an increase in the platelet count to 232 × 109/L, white blood cell count to 6.8 × 109/L, and no more need for blood transfusions. A bone marrow examination 5 months after treatment with rituximab showed hyperplastic myelopoiesis, normoblastic erythropoiesis, and slightly reduced megakaryopoiesis. The use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in aplastic anemia warrants further investigation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:292–294, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Elastosonography in malignant rectal disease: preliminary data
Authors: G. Mezzi, P. Arcidiacono, S. Carrara, C. Boemo, P. Testoni
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Elastography is an ultrasound technique that allowed to obtain images from the mechanical properties of soft tissue. It is well known that some diseases, such as cancer, lead to changes in tissue hardness. Elasticity imaging is a technique that reveals the physical properties of tissue and can determine changes in tissue hardness caused by disease [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
Case-control studies: measures of risk
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the association between the occurrence of genitourinary infections from the month before conception until the end of the first trimester and gastroschisis. A case-control study design was used. The mothers of 505 offspring with gastroschisis were identified as cases and mothers of 4924 healthy live born infants as controls. Women self reported genitourinary infections (urinary tract or sexually transmitted) in a telephone interview. A genitourinary infection was reported by 81 (16%) cases compared with 425 (8.6%) controls.1

Which of the following measures of risk of gastroschisis in relation to the risk factor genitourinary infections can be estimated for the above study?

The odds ratio ( b ) of gastroschisis for the risk factor of genitourinary infections can be calculated for the above case-control study, whereas the hazard ratio ( a ), relative hazard ( c …
Abstract 1369: miR-645 inhibits apoptosis of AGEJ
Authors: Xiaoshan Feng, Ying Wang, Zhikun Ma, Ruina Yang, Mengxi Zhang, Shuo Liang, Shuoguo Li, Gang Liu, Fanming Dai, Shegan Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: An increasing body of evidence indicates that miRNAs have a critical role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression; however, the role of miRNAs in the tumorigenesis of adencarcinoma of gastric esophageal junction(AGEJ) remains largely unclear.Methods: The SGC7901 and BGC-823 gastric cancer cell lines were used. The expressions of miR-645 and IFIT2 were examined by qRT-PCR. The expressions of IFIT2 was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay. The cell apoptosis was determined by FACS. MiR-645 inhibitor, mimics and plasmid-IFIT2 transfections were performed to study the loss- and gain-function. Caspase-3/7 activity was examined by caspase-3/7 assay. Results: In the present study, we have reported an increased expression of miR-645 in AGEJ clinical specimens compared with paired non-cancerous tissues. We also observed a significant miR-645 up-regulation in two gastric cancer ( GC ) cell lines, SGC7901 and BGC-823, which were used as cell models because there was no available AGEJ cell lines established to date. We found that inhibition of miR-645 could sensitize dramatically SGC7901 and BGC-823 cells to both serum starvation- and chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis by up-regulating IFIT2, a mediator of apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway, with a potential binding site for miR-645 in its mRNA's 3′UTR. Further investigation exhibited that IFIT2 expression decreases in SGC7901 and BGC-823 cells and AGEJ tissues. IFIT2 ectopic expression leads to promotion of cell apoptosis, indicating that IFIT2 may function as a suppressor in the development of AGEJ. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-645 induces up-regulation of IFIT2 and increased caspase-3/7 activity compared with control groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-645 functions as an oncogene in human AGEJ by, at least partially through, targeting IFIT2. &amp;lt;!–EndFragment–&amp;gt; Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Xiaoshan Feng, Ying Wang, Zhikun Ma, Ruina Yang, Mengxi Zhang, Shuo Liang, Shuoguo Li, Gang Liu, Fanming Dai, Shegan Gao. miR-645 inhibits apoptosis of AGEJ. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1369. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1369
Abstract 3097: microRNA-21 inhibitor potentiates anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Authors: Bong Jun Cho, Eun Jung Choi, Hans H. Kim, David J. Lee, Sun Ha Chun, In-Ah Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract microRNA-21 (miR-21) plays significant roles in carcinogenesis and is highly expressed in diverse human cancers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of targeting miRNA-21 to overcome the radioresistance of human cancer cells having an activated PI3K-Akt signaling and also aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of radiosensitization, and the effect on epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT). A panel of human cancer cells (U251, U87, A549, MDA-MB-468, SKBR-3 cells) were transfected with miR-21 led to up-regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling and increased radioresistance compared with the cancer cells that were treated with nonspecific control. In contrast, a specific inhibitor of miR-21, an antipeptide nucleic acid (PNA) attenuated PI3K-Akt signaling and radiosensitized a panel of human cancer cells we tested. Inhibition of miR-21 was associated with persistent γH2AX foci formation and down-regulation of p-DNA-PKcs. While ectopic overexpression of miR-21 exhibited higher invasion and migration potential and increased vascular tube formation, inhibitor of miR-21 decreased these typical features of EMT. Treatment of anti-miR-21 significantly decreased tumor burden in nude mice bearing intracranial U251 xenografts compared to control as measured by bioluminescence. Combined treatment of anti-miR-21 and radiation further decreased tumor burden compared to each treatment alone. In summary, miR-21 is an important onco-miR which confers radioresistance and diverse features of EMT. Inhibition of miR-21 could be a potential strategy for improving the efficacy of radiation therapy via unique modulation of PI3K-Akt signaling and EMT. Citation Format: Bong Jun Cho, Eun Jung Choi, Hans H. Kim, David J. Lee, Sun Ha Chun, In-Ah Kim. microRNA-21 inhibitor potentiates anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3097. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3097
Chronic dietary supplementation with ?-arginine inhibits platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits in vivo
Authors: S Bode-Böger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: l-arginine exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits via modulating endogenous NO production. We investigated whether l-arginine inhibits thromboxane formation in vivo and platelet aggregation ex vivo in this animal model. Methods: The urinary excretion rates of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α (major urinary metabolite of PGI2) and 2,3-dinor-TXB2 (major urinary metabolite of thromboxane A2) were used as indicators of platelet–endothelial cell interactions in vivo. Rabbits were fed 1% cholesterol (Cholesterol group, N=8), 1% cholesterol plus 2,25% l-arginine (Cholesterol+l-arginine, N=8), or normal rabbit chow (Control, N=4) for 12 weeks. Urine samples were collected in weekly intervals. At the end of the study period platelet aggregation ex vivo and endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular function of isolated aortic rings in vitro was assessed. Results: Urinary 2,3-dinor-TXB2 excretion significantly increased in the cholesterol group (p<0.05), and endogenous NO formation (measured as urinary nitrate excretion) decreased (p<0.05). Both parameters were significantly correlated with each other (R=0.48, p<0.01). l-arginine partly restored urinary nitrate excretion and significantly reduced TXA2 production to values even below those in the control group (p<0.001). Urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α excretion increased in early hypercholesterolaemia and returned to control values in the second half of the study period. The early increase in urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α excretion was attenuated by l-arginine. Platelet aggregation was significantly enhanced in cholesterol-fed rabbits and attenuated by dietary l-arginine. l-arginine also improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to ADP, and normalized the vasoconstrictor effects of 5-HT in isolated aortic rings. Conclusions: Cholesterol-feeding enhances platelet aggregation and TXA2 formation, and stimulates platelet–endothelial cell interaction in rabbits. These effects are probably due to impaired NO elaboration, as indicated by decreased urinary nitrate excretion. Chronic dietary supplementation with l-arginine elevates systemic NO elaboration and significantly increases the PGI2/TXA2 ratio. It thus beneficially influences the homeostasis between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor prostanoids in vivo.
Endoscopic Circumferential Esophageal Mucosectomy in a Porcine Model: An Assessment of Technical Feasibility, Safety, and Outcome
Authors: M. Conio, D. Sorbi, K. P. Batts, C. J. Gostout
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic mucosectomy has been performed for early cancers and dysplastic lesions ≤ 2 cm in diameter. The feasibility and safety of mucosectomy for circumferential lesions of the esophagus is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the technical feasibility, as well as the short and long-term complication rates, with circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy of the distal esophagus in the pig.
Mild type II diabetes markedly increases glucose cycling in the postabsorptive state and during glucose infusion irrespective of obesity.
Authors: S Efendic, S Karlander, M Vranic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Glucose cycling (GC; G in equilibrium G6P) equals 14% of glucose production in postabsorptive man. Our aim was to determine glucose cycling in six lean and six overweight mild type II diabetics (fasting glycemia: 139 +/- 10 and 152 +/- 7 mg/dl), in postabsorptive state (PA) and during glucose infusion (2 mg/kg per min). 14 control subjects were weight and age matched. GC is a function of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction opposite the net flux and is the difference between hepatic total glucose output (HTGO) (2-[3H]glucose) and hepatic glucose production (HGP) (6-[3H]-glucose). Postabsorptively, GC is a function of glucokinase. With glucose infusion the flux is reversed (net glucose uptake), and GC is a function of glucose 6-phosphatase. In PA, GC was increased by 100% in lean (from 0.25 +/- 0.07 to 0.43 +/- .08 mg/kg per min) and obese (from 0.22 +/- 0.05 to 0.50 +/- 0.07) diabetics. HGP and HTGO increased in lean and obese diabetics by 41 and 33%. Glucose infusion suppressed apparent phosphatase activity and gluconeogenesis much less in diabetics than controls, resulting in marked enhancement (400%) in HTGO and HGP, GC remained increased by 100%. Although the absolute responses of C-peptide and insulin were comparable to those of control subjects, they were inappropriate for hyperglycemia. Peripheral insulin resistance relates to decreased metabolic glucose clearance (MCR) and inadequate increase of uptake during glucose infusion. We conclude that increases in HGP and HTGO and a decrease of MCR are characteristic features of mild type II diabetes and are more pronounced during glucose infusion. There is also an increase in hepatic GC, a stopgap that controls changes from glucose production to uptake. Postabsorptively, this limits the increase of HGP and glycemia. In contrast, during glucose infusion, increased GC decreases hepatic glucose uptake and thus contributes to hyperglycemia. Obesity per se did not affect GC. An increase in glucose cycling and turnover indicate hepatic insulin resistance that is observed in addition to peripheral resistance. It is hypothesized that in pathogenesis of type II diabetes, augmented activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and kinase may be of importance.
Responsiveness to A.C.T.H. and Cortisone in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. H. Kellgren, O. Janus, R. Moore, D. S. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDBCLoURNAl. 997 adrenocortical response, and on occasion has been found to be more sensitive than the circulating eosinophil count.The test has proved of practical value in screening sub- stances with a possible cortisone-like action.The connexion between these observations on capillary resistance and the ability of cortisone to suppress an inflammatory reaction is not at all clear.If it may be assumed that changes in the skin capillaries represent what is happening throughout the capillary bed, and if the inflammatory response is influenced by changes in the state of the capillaries, then these observa- tions may provide a clue to the mode of action of cortisone in a wide variety of disease states. SummaryInvestigations have been continued in an attempt to establish the relationship between adrenocortical activity and changes in the resistance of skin capillaries (negative- pressure method).Cases of hypopituitarism were found to have abnor- mally low capillary resistance.These patients did not respond to single injections of 25 mg. of A.C.T.H., but when repeated doses of the hormone were given a rise in resistance was obtained.Distinct rises in resistance followed the administration of cortisone, either intramuscularly or orally, in a variety of disorders.D.C.A. caused a fall in resistance, while progesterone, testosterone, oestradiol, and pregnenolone were without effect.It is concluded from these and previous observations that rises in capillary resistance which follow non- specific stress are due to increased adrenocortical activity and increased output of glucocorticoid hormone.The test has been found to be a simple and sensitive index of adrenocortical response to stimuli.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEREDITY AS A CAUSE OF INSANITY.
Authors: ARTHUR McGUGAN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Freed from the trammeling influence of all metaphysical association and disencumbered of such ideas or expressions as "soul," "sublime intelligence," "spirit," "cosmic consciousness," etc., the study of that particular form of energy to which we refer as mind or mental action grows considerably less perplexing, and permits of speculation and observation from the same point of view as does the investigation of other functions of the same class of cell structure and as we proceed in our contemplation of mind as simply a function of matter, we are struck by the resemblance of the manner and degree in which its variations depend upon variations in form and arrangement of its particular protoplasm, to the manner in which other functions are modified by similar changes in the structures upon which they are dependent. Now, of all variations in cell structure how clear it should be to us that this one of
Zygomycosis Not Mucormycosis
Authors: PAUL D. HOEPRICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1980Zygomycosis Not MucormycosisPAUL D. HOEPRICH, M.D.PAUL D. HOEPRICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-932_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The review of zygomycosis by Lehrer and colleagues in the July issue (1), published under the title "Mucormycosis," was generally excellent. There are, however, two points on which I wish to comment.First, the title should have been "Zygomycosis." As was elucidated in Dr. Howard's fine presentation, several fungi other than Mucor species cause the infections that were discussed. Indeed, in view of the fact that the Rhizopus species are the commonest causes of these infections, "Rhizopsosis" would be a more apt name of generic origin. Even if mucormycosis is said to derive from the order Mucorales...References1. LEHRERHOWARDSYPHERDEDWARDSSEGALWINSTON RDPJGD. Mucormycosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(Part 1):93-108. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HOEPRICHKAWACHILEESCHAFFNER PMKC. Neuropsychiatric effects of amphotericin B methyl ester derivatives. In: NELSON JD, GRASSI C, eds. Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Chemotherapy and the 19th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology; 1980:972-4. Abstract. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL D. HOEPRICH, M.D.Affiliations: University of California Davis, School of Medicine Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySynthesis of some new indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolinyl pyrazoles, -1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their biological activitiesOrofacial manifestations of the systemic mycosesOMucormycosis, Not ZygomycosisMORRIS A GORDON, PH.D. 1 December 1980Volume 93, Issue 6Page: 932-932 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Improving the position of women in medicine
Authors: E. Showalter
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 91

Along with other Scandinavian countries, Norway is one of the world's most progressive societies in terms of sex equality: dual career families are the norm, and official policy has favoured women in the workplace. Yet, even here, women doctors have not competed equally with men to achieve leadership in their profession. On p 91 Kvaener et al show that despite high sex ratios, liberal maternity leave policies, creche facilities, and funds for daycare, women doctors in 1997are still not taking leadership positions in hospital medicine, academic medicine, public health, or private health care. In the 1990s half of Norwegian medical students have been female, but the new generation of female physicians is no more likely to be in leadership positions than the older ones. Do women simply lack ambition? Is equity in medical leadership an impossible goal? What do …
Clinicians offer criteria for remission in arthritis
Authors: Jaan Kangilaski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

"Remission" is one of those terms in the medical literature that can lead to misunderstanding because it has different meanings for different physicians. Robert S. Pinals, MD, professor of medicine and chief of the rheumatology section at the University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, Memphis, has headed an American Rheumatism Association (ARA) team assigned to work out some preliminary criteria for "complete clinical remission" in rheumatoid arthritis. Says Pinals: "If criteria for remission were available, they might be applied to study the natural course of rheumatoid arthritis or to specify end points in therapeutic trials." According to the team's recent report to the ARA meeting in Boston, at least five of the following criteria must be met for at least two consecutive months for a patient to have a complete remission, either naturally or therapeutically induced: "duration of morning stiffness not exceeding 15 minutes; no fatigue;
CHRONIC HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS ULCERS OF THE EXTREMITIES
Authors: FREDERIC W. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

It is indeed strange that chronic hemolytic streptococcus ulcers of the extremities have received so little attention and comment. This is all the more unusual since the lesion itself forms a clearcut entity and since there is a specific treatment for the condition.  There are but 5 of these cases reported in recent literature. 1 Nevertheless, 31 such cases were seen in the surgery clinic of the Indianapolis City Hospital during the past two and one-half years. The inference is obvious. Many chronic hemolytic streptococcus ulcers of the extremities have gone undiagnosed. In fact, none were found at the Indianapolis City Hospital until Goodman's 1 report in 1938.  DESCRIPTION  Since so many streptococcic ulcerations have recently been described, it is essential that a clearcut picture be given of the condition at hand. It bears no relation in appearance or course to the burrowing ulcers or symbiotic gangrene described by Meleney.