tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile Acid Synthesis in Man: Metabolism of 7α-Hydroxycholesterol-14C and 26-Hydroxycholesterol-3H
Authors: Karl E. Anderson, Engeline Kok, Norman B. Javitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The pathways of bile acid synthesis in man were evaluated by studying the metabolism of 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol-4-(14)C and 26-hydroxycholesterol-16, 22-(3)H administered parenterally to individuals requiring external biliary drainage. Techniques for the identification of metabolites were thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography with stream splitting, and crystallization to constant specific activity. It was found that both compounds were rapidly metabolized to bile acids and excreted in bile. Of the total radioactivity recovered in bile as bile acids, 87% of the 26-hydroxycholesterol-(3)H and 90% of the 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol-(14)C was found to be metabolized to both chenodeoxycholate and cholate. Compared to 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol, a greater proportion of 26-hydroxycholesterol was found to be metabolized to chenodeoxycholate. These findings indicate that both 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol and 26-hydroxycholesterol can be intermediates in the metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids in man. The observation that conversion to cholate takes place less readily after C-26 hydroxylation is consistent with previous findings in other species.
Regulatory Oversight in Transplantation
Authors: Andrew M. Cameron, Brigitte E. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Diets that protect against coronary heart disease.
Authors: R. B. Singh, M. A. Niaz
Journal: BMJ (1992)

pathology present in impaired glucose tolerance is complex.We approached the problem of determining whether Lp(a) is a possible factor in why such subjects develop coronary artery disease by examining them before clinical coronary artery disease was established.Rather than suggesting that the pathological process-for example, impaired glucose tolerance -accounts for differences in Lp(a) concentration, we suggest that differences in either Lp(a) concentration or the size of the apoprotein(a) isoform in such subjects could account for their subsequent development of coronary artery disease.To this end a larger long term prospective study is re- quired, not so much to avoid the bias from the effect of inheritance of the apoprotein(a) isoform, but to examine the effect ofthe potential differences in this on the development of coronary artery disease in what is a common condition.
Livingston New Town--Use of Computer in General Practice Medical Recording
Authors: K. T. Gruer, M. A. Heasman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

An account is given of the use of a computer in general practice medical recording. The general practitioners who are involved work from a health centre and each one holds a hospital appointment in addition to his general practice commitment. The most effective practical assistance so far provided by the computer is in the preventive field of the practitioner's work. The additional but equally important potential use is in the processing of data in such a way as to allow the doctor to assess his methods of work, and to provide information of statistical and epidemiological value.
Bone marrow T-cell infiltration during acute GVHD is associated with delayed B-cell recovery and function after HSCT
Authors: Angela Mensen, Korinna Jöhrens, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Sonya Demski, Maike Oey, Andrea Stroux, Philipp Hemmati, Jörg Westermann, Olga Blau, Friedrich Wittenbecher, Kamran Movassaghi, Martin Szyska, Sybill Thomas, Bernd Dörken, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Renate Arnold, Il-Kang Na
Journal: Blood (2014)
Local Ablative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: W. Y. Lau
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with an annual occurrence of at least one million new cases. Even this figure represents an underestimate, since cancer statistics are far from complete in many countries with a high incidence of HCC [1]. Common etiological factors for HCC include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, chronic alcoholism, and aflatoxin.
Postcards or outpatients: an alternative method of follow-up.
Authors: A J Hart, P Edmond, D J Varman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

5-7 mg/100 ml), and phosphate 7-9 mmol/l (24-5 mg/100 ml).Intravenous urography and retrograde pyelography disclosed regular enlarged kidneys with normal ureters and renal outlines.Haemodialysis was performed a few hours after admission.Thereafter blood calcium concentration was 1-6 mmol/l (6-4 mg/100 ml) and phosphate 6-7 mmol/l (20-7 mg/100 ml).The patient became anuric and underwent dialysis five times between 18 and 25 June.On 24 June serum calcium was 2-25 mmol/l (9 mg 100 ml) and phosphate 3-1 mmol/l (9 6 mg/100 ml).The patient died on 27 June from gastrointestinal haemorrhage.Postmortem renal histological examination (see figure ) showed interstitial oedema and dilatation of tubules with flattening and necrosis of tubular epithelium; several tubular lumens were obstructed by crystalline deposits with concentric structure, coloured by von Kossa stain.No lymphomatous infiltrates were found.Glomeruli were normal.4. t.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . . . .
Chemotherapy improves low performance status lung cancer patients
Authors: J. P. Sculier, J. J. Lafitte, M. Paesmans, J. Lecomte, C. G. Alexopoulos, O. Van Cutsem, V. Giner, A. Efremidis, M. C. Berchier, T. Collon, A. P. Meert, A. Scherpereel, V. Ninane, G. Koumakis, M. M. Vaslamatzis, N. Leclercq, T. Berghmans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to determine the potential benefit of conventional cisplatin-based chemotherapy on patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and poor performance status (PS), defined as 60-70 on the Karnofsky scale. Retrospective analysis was carried out of a randomised trial performed in advanced NSCLC where 485 patients received three courses of gemcitabine+ifosfamide+cisplatin induction chemotherapy. Of the patients, 80% had good PS (Karnofsky 80-100) and 20% poor PS. Response rates were 38 and 28%, respectively. Clinical improvement, defined as achieving a good PS during chemotherapy, was observed overall in 25% of the poor PS patients, with rates of 38, 20 and 14%, respectively, in case of response, no change and progression. PS improved more quickly in the responders. Survival of patients with poor PS was significantly worse, but survival of responders was similar, irrespective of the initial poor or good PS. Although nonfatal toxicity was almost similar, there were more toxic deaths (including vascular and cardiac fatalities) in the poor PS patients (9.2 versus 2.1%). In conclusion, combination chemotherapy is associated with clinical improvement in a substantial number of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer of poor performance status.
British National Health Service
Authors: Sidney Alder
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I read yesterday in the American Letter Section of our<i>Daily Telegraph</i>that United States critics hailed the TV showing of a film of the British National Health Service as a "valuable service to the American people who had been misled continuously by propaganda of the A.M.A." If this is the same program that was served up to us over here, then your public ought to be given the other side of the picture. (1) It is possible that such TV programs are produced over here by people of distinctly socialist leanings. (2) Many doctors here consider it grotesque that socialized medicine should have a place in an affluent society, either in Britain or in the US. (3) It is a fact that over here the patients' cars get larger and the doctors' cars get smaller.(4) American doctors who wish to put themselves in the hands of
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events”
Authors: Judith Hsia, Gerardo Heiss, Hong Ren, Matthew Allison, Nancy C. Dolan, Philip Greenland, Susan R. Heckbert, Karen C. Johnson, JoAnn E. Manson, Stephen Sidney, Maurizio Trevisan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We appreciate the comments of Drs Zittermann and Wallis and their colleagues with regard to vitamin D. The Women's Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D trial was designed in the early 1990s to assess whether calcium/vitamin D supplementation reduced hip fracture 1 ; cardiovascular events were secondary, albeit prespecified, outcomes.The trial chose the vitamin D 3 supplement dose of 200 IU twice daily because it was the recommended daily allowance at that time, had low risk of toxicity, raised 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 concentrations to acceptable levels, 2 and slowed bone loss. 3In 1999, the Institute of Medicine confirmed 400 IU daily as an adequate intake of vitamin D for healthy older women to maintain bone health and normal calcium metabolism. 4n our trial, vitamin D intake (supplements and diet) at baseline was Ϸ365 IU daily; women randomized to active supplements thus consumed Ϸ765 IU daily, well above the recommended adequate intake, and a dose sufficient to favorably affect hip bone mineral density. 5Although calcitriol was not measured, baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (Liaison chemiluminescent immunoassay; DiaSorin Inc., Stillwater, Minn.) were Ͻ30 ng/mL in 87% of a subsample of hip fracture cases (nϭ1818) and 85% of matched controls (nϭ1813).Thus, a higher dose of vitamin D supplementation may well be needed to achieve optimal effects on bone metabolism and to demonstrate any potential impact on cardiovascular events.Nonetheless, we have demonstrated that supplementation with currently recommended quantities of vitamin D does not modulate risk of coronary events or stroke.The safety of higher doses of supplements would need to be evaluated, bearing in mind the increased incidence of kidney stones in our trial among women assigned to active calcium/vitamin D supplements (449 versus 381 among women assigned to placebo; hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34).
GPs' pleas for their conflict of interests to be treated with leniency are rejected by commissioning board
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Potential conflicts of interest among GPs who are both providers and commissioners of healthcare services must be dealt with robustly for the new clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to start off “on a good footing,” the deputy chief executive of the NHS Commissioning Board has said.

Ian Dalton, who is also responsible for the board’s Operations Directorate, said that although there was nothing improper about GPs holding dual roles, conflicts needed to be fully scrutinised and tackled to give “credibility” to clinical commissioners.

His comments, made during a panel debate at the NHS Alliance’s conference in Bournemouth this week, …
Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Homosexual Man
Authors: Richard Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

KAPOSI'S sarcoma is a type of angiosarcoma in which the first manifestations frequently are purplish cutaneous nodules of the lower extremities. In the United States, it occurs more commonly in elderly Italian and Jewish men. Although an especially aggressive variety is endemic in black men in certain parts of Africa, it is rare in American black men. Recently, there has been an epidemic of Kaposi's sarcoma among homosexual men in New York City and California.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old homosexual man was admitted to Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami in August 1980 with a 2-cm reddish-blue firm plaque on the lateral aspect of his left thigh that had been present since May 1980. The patient had had proctitis on many occasions, as well as gonorrhea and syphilis. Colonoscopy three months before admission had shown numerous firm, dark red, polypoid lesions beginning near the anus and
Acute promyelocytic leukemia and HIV‐1 infection: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ganesh C. Kudva, Kochurani Maliekel, John M. Richart, Jacqueline R. Batanian, Leonard E. Grosso, Marcia Sokol‐Anderson, Paul J. Petruska
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

We report a 27-year-old man with HIV-1 infection who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with a novel complex three-way chromosomal translocation t(15;16;17). Induction of remission and consolidation with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)- and anthracycline-based chemotherapy was followed by maintenance therapy consisting of ATRA, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), and methotrexate (MTX). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was continued with brief interruptions. He remains in complete remission 40 months after diagnosis.
Cutting down unnecessary x-ray examinations
Authors: F W Wright, M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

link with their hospital to obtain experience which consultants will accept as qualifying them for appointments in the hospital practitioner grade.Greater use could be made of "clinical attachments," which can be funded under Section 63 money but which are not perhaps fully exploited at present.Greater acceptability could, however, be obtained if general practitioners could be taken on as trainee or probationer hospital practitioners.Consultants would be much more willing to utilise this type of assistance if during the first two years the sessions were to be regarded as for training as well as for patient care, and if complete security of tenure were granted only after satisfactory completion of the training period.
EGFR Mutation Testing Practices within the Asia Pacific Region: Results of a Multicenter Diagnostic Survey
Authors: Yasushi Yatabe, Keith M. Kerr, Ahmad Utomo, Pathmanathan Rajadurai, Van Khanh Tran, Xiang Du, Teh-Ying Chou, Ma. Luisa D. Enriquez, Geon Kook Lee, Jabed Iqbal, Shanop Shuangshoti, Jin-Haeng Chung, Koichi Hagiwara, Zhiyong Liang, Nicola Normanno, Keunchil Park, Shinichi Toyooka, Chun-Ming Tsai, Paul Waring, Li Zhang, Rose McCormack, Marianne Ratcliffe, Yohji Itoh, Masatoshi Sugeno, Tony Mok
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients necessitates accurate, timely testing. Although EGFR mutation testing has been adopted by many laboratories in Asia, data are lacking on the proportion of NSCLC patients tested in each country, and the most commonly used testing methods.A retrospective survey of records from NSCLC patients tested for EGFR mutations during 2011 was conducted in 11 Asian Pacific countries at 40 sites that routinely performed EGFR mutation testing during that period. Patient records were used to complete an online questionnaire at each site.Of the 22,193 NSCLC patient records surveyed, 31.8% (95% confidence interval: 31.2%-32.5%) were tested for EGFR mutations. The rate of EGFR mutation positivity was 39.6% among the 10,687 cases tested. The majority of samples were biopsy and/or cytology samples (71.4%). DNA sequencing was the most commonly used testing method accounting for 40% and 32.5% of tissue and cytology samples, respectively. A pathology report was available only to 60.0% of the sites, and 47.5% were not members of a Quality Assurance Scheme.In 2011, EGFR mutation testing practices varied widely across Asia. These data provide a reference platform from which to improve the molecular diagnosis of NSCLC, and EGFR mutation testing in particular, in Asia.
Doing versus knowing
Authors: Peter R. Killeen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Aristotle's four causes frame Webb's question. Comprehension requires specification of trigger, function, mechanism, and representation. Robots are real models of function. Physical, biological, and epigenetic constraints delimit the hypothesis space for candidate mechanisms. Robots constitute a simplified system more susceptible to formal representation than the target system. They thus constitute an important tool in a constructivist development of scientific knowledge.
The modulating effect of PSC 833, cyclosporin A, verapamil and genistein on in vitro cytotoxicity and intracellular content of daunorubicin in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: ML Den Boer, R Pieters, KM Kazemier, GE Janka-Schaub, G Henze, AJP Veerman
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
FACTORS LEADING TO 30 DAY READMISSION FOLLOWING HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE
Authors: Jalal K. Ghali, Hammam D. Zmily, Ibrahim Shaik, Jareer O. Farah, Suleiman Daifallah, Ramanjit Kaur, Omaima A. Ali, Husam Al Samarah, Phillip Levy, S. William Tam, Michelle Schreiber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Happiness is a U shaped curve, highest in the teens and 70s, shows survey
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Northern Ireland is the happiest part of the United Kingdom, concludes the Office for National Statistics (ONS) after questioning 80 000 adults between April and September last year. People from Northern Ireland also scored highest when asked how satisfied they were with their lives and in assessing whether their lives were worthwhile.

But the differences were small, Northern Ireland scoring 7.5 out of a possible 10 when asked, “Overall, how happy did you feel yesterday?” against the 7.3 scored by Scotland and by England and Wales. People in London and the West Midlands scored lowest for life satisfaction (7.2), and Londoners were also the most anxious, scoring 3.5 out of 10 against a UK average of 3.2.

The results come from a national programme of …
Aluminum inhibits erythropoiesis in vitro.
Authors: J Mladenovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Anemia has been associated with aluminum intoxication in patients on chronic dialysis and in animals. In studies presented here, in vitro human erythroid culture was used to delineate the effects of aluminum on normal hematopoiesis. Aluminum by itself in routine culture, even at very high levels (1,035 ng/ml), did not significantly affect erythroid colony growth. The addition of human transferrin to the culture, however, resulted in a marked dose-dependent inhibition of erythroid, but not myeloid colony growth. At all doses, CFU-E progenitors showed greater inhibition than burst-forming units (BFU-E). Aluminum inhibition was not overcome by increasing the dose of erythropoietin or adding additional burst-promoting activity to the culture. Inhibition by aluminum was directly related to the number of binding sites on transferrin in the culture, and was not observed in the presence of fully iron-saturated transferrin.
Abstract 303: A tissue microarray-based study of the basal cell in canine prostatic hyperplastic, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.
Authors: Renée Laufer Amorim, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Marcela M p Rodrigues, Silvia Regina Rogatto
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It has been stated that dog is the best natural model to study carcinogenesis in comparison with men. In addition, the loss of the basal cell layer integrity is one of the main characteristics in human pre-neoplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions. In human normal prostate, the basal cells selectively express p63 in their nuclei, demonstrating basal cell layer integrity. However, in both primary and metastatic prostate carcinomas, has been described absence of p63 immunoexpression. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of basal cells (p63 and 34βE12) and proliferative index (ki-67) in prostatic pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions from dogs. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed using 66 canine prostatic paraffin-embedded lesions, selecting appropriate and representative areas of normal tissue (n=7), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n= 18), prostatic inflammatory atrophy (PIA, n=22) and prostatic carcinoma (PCa, n=19). Immunohistochemistry was performed using peroxidase method and DAB. The immunohistochemical staining was assessed by scores according the distribution of positive cells for p63 and 34βE12 (score 1: &amp;lt;25% cells positive, 2: 26% to 50%, 3: being 51% and 75% and 4:&amp;gt; 75%) and for Ki67, positive nuclei were counted in each lesion. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to determine the association between the categorical variables and student t test to compare proliferative index among lesions. Concerning the p63 protein, we found higher number of cases with more than 75% of positive basal cells in CaP (p=0.002) and PIA (p= 0.0042) when compared to normal tissue and BPH. CaP and PIA showed 34βE12 protein expression when compared to normal prostatic tissue and BPH (p= 0.032, p=0.0064). There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison between PIA and BPH. Ki67 showed higher proliferative index in PCa (p= 0.0028) and PIA (p= 0.01) compared to normal tissue and BPH. Higher p63 and 34βE12 immunohistochemical staining as well as higher proliferative index in these cells were observed in canine pre-neoplastic lesion (PIA) and prostate carcinoma indicate the involvement of basal cells in these lesions in dogs, different from humans. These results do not support the dog as the best natural model to the study of all types of prostatic carcinomas in men. Financial support: Fapesp Citation Format: Renée Laufer Amorim, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Marcela M p Rodrigues, Silvia Regina Rogatto. A tissue microarray-based study of the basal cell in canine prostatic hyperplastic, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-303
A COMPLICATED CASE OF VESICAL CALCULUS.
Authors: H. B. MASTEN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the following case the patient was referred to us from west Texas for operation. The case had been diagnosed by the home physician as one of vesical calculus.  History.  —Mrs. V., aged 30, a native of Texas, had had no serious illness since childhood. She had borne five children. The youngest was born Dec. 4, 1901, and she has not been pregnant since. She has never had a miscarriage. The family history was negative. She was perfectly well until six or seven months previously, when she began to suffer from colicky pains in the lower part of the abdomen. The pains were slight at first, but gradually increased in frequency and severity up to three or four weeks before she was seen, when they became almost constant and well-nigh unbearable, being especially severe at the end of micturition.  Examination.  —The patient was considerably reduced in flesh, but otherwise in