tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Infectious Diseases and Cancers among Persons Dying of HIV Infection in the United States from 1987 to 1992
Authors: Richard M. Selik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine trends in the relative frequency of infectious diseases and cancers among U.S. residents dying of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Data Source: National multiple-cause mortality data for 1987 to 1992 compiled from death certificates. Subjects: Deaths reported with HIV infection as the underlying cause and with nonunderlying causes that could be secondary to HIV infection. Data Analysis: Trends in the annual percentage of deaths associated with each infectious disease or cancer that accounted for at least 1.0% of all HIV-related deaths. Results: From 1987 to 1992, the percentage of HIV-related deaths associated with the following diseases decreased: pneumocystosis, from 32.5% to 13.8%; cryptococcosis, from 7.7% to 5.0%; and candidiasis, from 2.3% to 1.7%. The percentage of deaths associated with the following diseases increased: nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, from 6.7% to 12.2%; cytomegalovirus disease, from 5.2% to 9.9%; bacterial septicemia, from 9.0% to 11.5%; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, from 3.9% to 5.7%; tuberculosis, from 2.9% to 4.1%; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, from 0.8% to 1.9%; bacterial pneumonia, from 1.2% to 2.1%; and cryptosporidiosis or isosporiasis, from 0.7% to 1.2%. The percentages of deaths associated with toxoplasmosis, Kaposi sarcoma, and pneumonia caused by unspecified organisms had no significant linear trends (ranges from 4.9% to 5.5%, 10.4% to 12.1%, and 17.6% to 18.6%, respectively). Conclusions: The percentage of HIV-related deaths associated with pneumocystosis has decreased dramatically, probably because of chemoprophylaxis and improved treatment. Pneumonia caused by unspecified organisms has now become the leading secondary cause of death among persons dying of HIV infection. Decreases in the percentages of HIV-related deaths associated with cryptococcosis and candidiasis may reflect the use of new antifungal agents such as fluconazole.
Medullary Cystic Disease vs Nephronophthisis
Authors: Joseph Giangiacomo
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It has been proposed that medullary cystic disease and nephronophthisis are distinguishable by the mode of inheritance and the age of onset. The former is inherited as an autosomal dominant, the latter as an autosomal recessive, with the onset at the average age of 26.7 years and 10.5 years, respectively. The present kindred would appear to have a dominant inheritance and onset at 10.1 years of age. This emphasizes the importance of examining those families in whom medullary cystic disease is suspected, prior to genetic consultation. (<i>JAMA</i>232:629-631, 1975)
Hematologic and biosynthetic studies in homozygous hemoglobin Constant Spring.
Authors: S Derry, W G Wood, M Pippard, J B Clegg, D J Weatherall, S N Wickramasinghe, J Darley, S Fucharoen, P Wasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The elongated alpha-globin chains of hemoglobin Constant Spring (alpha cs chain of HbCS ) are produced in low amounts such that the alpha cs-gene acts as a form of alpha-thalassemia; yet in the homozygous state the pathophysiological effects of this mutant are more severe than in the corresponding conditions that result from alpha-globin gene deletions. In studies designed to examine this discrepancy, we have demonstrated that a significant proportion of red cells produced in an HbCS homozygote has a much reduced red cell life span. Contrary to previous reports, we have been able to demonstrate the expected deficit in alpha-chain production in this condition and have shown that both the cessation of globin chain synthesis in vitro and the destruction of the excess beta-chains occur unusually rapidly. Comparison with various deletion forms of alpha-thalassemia suggests that, in terms of intracellular globin chain precipitates and free beta-chain pool, homozygous HbCS red cells more closely resemble those of HbH disease, with three of the four alpha-genes inactivated, than they do the more comparable alpha-thalassemia carriers with only two genes deleted.
STUDIES ON FOWL PARALYSIS (NEUROLYMPHOMATOSIS GALLINARUM)
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Leslie C. Dunn, Vernon Cone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Fowl paralysis (neurolymphomatosis gallinarum) is a disease entity, with characteristic clinical and pathological features. 2. The disease occurs in all parts of the United States, Holland, Austria and probably South America. 3. The disease appears to be endemic in certain foci. Having once appeared, the disease tends to persist through successive years. 4. It occurs with about equal frequency in both sexes; all common breeds may be affected. 5. Symptoms appear between the 3rd and 18th months. Typical clinical cases have not been observed outside of these limits. 6. The conspicuous symptoms are (a) asymmetrical, partial and progressive paralysis of the wings and both legs, and rarely of neck muscles; (b) occasional grey discoloration of iris, with blindness. Nutrition is usually preserved. 7. The duration is variable; the outcome is usually fatal, but spontaneous recovery may rarely occur. 8. The principal pathological changes are found in the nervous system. In the peripheral nerves, the essential feature is an intense infiltration of lymphoid, plasma cells, and large mononuclears. This is accompanied by a myelin degeneration in the more advanced lesions, but the cellular infiltrations appear to precede the degenerative changes. In brain, cord and meninges, there are similar infiltrations predominantly perivascular. Infiltrations of the iris with lymphoid and plasma cells are found in the cases showing gross discoloration of the iris. Visceral lymphomata, originating usually in the ovary, are associated in a certain percentage of the cases. Evidence is presented in favor of the view that this association is not accidental, and that the lymphomata are a manifestation of the disease. 9. Infiltrations of the spinal cord and brain, rarely of the peripheral nerves, are frequently present in birds showing no clinical symptoms. These are interpreted as mild cases of the same disease. 10. No microorganisms of etiological significance have been demonstrated in the tissues or by cultural methods.
The Importance of Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Hilary M. Babcock, John A. Jernigan, David A. Relman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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Sugar and the Hyperactive Child
Authors: Marcel Kinsbourne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Although scientific opinion favors a genetic origin for most cases of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, this explanation does not necessarily exclude alternative causes or precipitating factors, such as common dietary components to which some persons are thought to be abnormally sensitive. The current interest in environmental and lifestyle factors as causes of disease establishes a favorable climate for hypotheses about the adverse effects of diet on behavior. Such dietary hypotheses are mainly prompted, however, by parents' reports that their children become restless, irritable, and intractable in reaction to certain foods or additives. Feingold's sweeping indictment of commercial additives to foods1 was . . .
Skin Testing for Tuberculosis
Authors: Frederick J. Erdtmann
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Inadvertent exposure of a group of military personnel to a soldier with active pulmonary tuberculosis provided an opportunity to compare skin test results obtained with three different antigen preparations and with four observers. The purified protein derivative preparations used were as follows: (1) stabilized with polysorbate 80 (Tween-80) (PPD-T); (2) a commercial tableted tuberculin (PPD-PD); (3) the Public Health Service standard (PPD-S). All were administered and read in a blind manner. The largest proportion of positive tests was obtained with PPD-T. The degree of agreement among the observers did not depend on the choice of antigens. The data indicate the usefulness of PPD with polysorbate 80 in tuberculosis screening. (<i>JAMA</i>228:479-481, 1974)
Angiographic and clinical outcome of intracoronary stenting: Immediate and long-term results from a large single-center experience
Authors: Joseph P. Carrozza, Richard E. Kuntz, Marc J. Levine, Richard M. Pomerantz, Robert F. Fishman, Michael Mansour, C.Michael Gibson, Cynthia C. Senerchia, Daniel J. Diver, Robert D. Safian, Donald S. Baim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury: Effects on the liver sinusoidal milieu
Authors: Carmen Peralta, Mónica B. Jiménez-Castro, Jordi Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage occurring during surgical procedures including hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main underlying cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Cellular and biochemical processes occurring during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are diverse and complex, and include the deregulation of the healthy phenotype of all liver cellular components. Nevertheless, a significant part of these processes are still unknown or unclear. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge in liver ischemia-reperfusion, but specifically focusing on liver cell phenotype and paracrine interaction deregulations. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field will be described. Finally, the importance of considering the subclinical situation of liver grafts when translating basic knowledge to the bedside is discussed.
Critical Roles for the Bcl-3 Oncoprotein in T Cell–Mediated Immunity, Splenic Microarchitecture, and Germinal Center Reactions
Authors: Guido Franzoso, Louise Carlson, Tanya Scharton-Kersten, Elizabeth W Shores, Suzanne Epstein, Alexander Grinberg, Tom Tran, Emily Shacter, Antonio Leonardi, Miriam Anver, Paul Love, Alan Sher, Ulrich Siebenlist
Journal: Immunity (1997)
The breathless farm worker.
Authors: A Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Human genes have numerous exons that are differentially spliced within pre-mRNA. Understanding how multiple splicing events are coordinated across nascent transcripts requires quantitative analyses of transient RNA processing events in living cells. We developed nanopore analysis of CO-transcriptional Processing (nano-COP), in which nascent RNAs are directly sequenced through nanopores, exposing the dynamics and patterns of RNA splicing without biases introduced by amplification. nano-COP showed that in both human and <i>Drosophila</i> cells, co-transcriptional splicing occurs after RNA polymerase II transcribes several kilobases of pre-mRNA, suggesting that metazoan splicing transpires distally from the transcription machinery. Inhibition of the branch-site recognition complex SF3B globally abolished co-transcriptional splicing in both species. Our findings revealed that splicing order does not strictly follow the order of transcription and is influenced by cis-regulatory elements. In human cells, introns with delayed splicing frequently neighbor alternative exons and are associated with RNA-binding factors. Moreover, neighboring introns in human cells tend to be spliced concurrently, implying that splicing occurs cooperatively. Thus, nano-COP unveils the organizational complexity of metazoan RNA processing.
A licence for breast cancer screening?
Authors: D. Slater
Journal: BMJ (1988)

like Zimbabwe, India,5 and Egypt,6 where the widespread use of home remedies has reduced mortality from acute diarrhoeal disease.The principles of oral rehydration in acute gastro- enteritis should be common knowledge among parents in Britain (as it is in Zimbabwe) and they should be encouraged to make up solutions as a first aid measure before seeking medical advice.
Effect of transmembrane potential on the manifestations of ouabain toxicity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres
Authors: J. M. GELLES, R. S. ARONSON, B. F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The effect of membrane potential on the manifestations of ouabain-induced alterations in the electrical activity of shortened sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres was studied by a microelectrode technique. The level of membrane potential was modulated by passing intracellular polarizing current. It was found that the toxic electrical effects induced by exposure to ouabain vary according to the level of membrane potential.
<i>Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</i>: an update: Table 1
Authors: Tore K Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Most readers of this June issue of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases will receive it in their congress bag during the 11th Annual European Congress of Rheumatology in Rome. This fact gives me, as Editor, a special opportunity to briefly update readers on some technical features and some particular content issues.

First, I am grateful for the confidence in the journal from the scientific and clinical communities, which is reflected by the increasing number of high quality submissions. Numbers are not always useful to describe the quality and effectiveness of a scientific journal, but a few examples can be helpful: the impact factor (IF) has gradually increased and the IF for 2008 (the most recent at time of writing) reached 7.188 (table 1). We handled 1635 new submissions in 2009, the acceptance rate for original research (concise and extended reports) is now 18% and …
The STAT5 inhibitor pimozide decreases survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells resistant to kinase inhibitors
Authors: Erik A. Nelson, Sarah R. Walker, Ellen Weisberg, Michal Bar-Natan, Rosemary Barrett, Laurie B. Gashin, Shariya Terrell, Josephine L. Klitgaard, Loredana Santo, Martha R. Addorio, Benjamin L. Ebert, James D. Griffin, David A. Frank
Journal: Blood (2011)
TCT-378 Clinical Outcomes of Acute Abnormal Findings After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis
Authors: Cheol Woong Yu, Jae Young Cho, Seung Young Roh, Hyung Joon Joo, Jae Hyoung Park, Soon Jun Hong, Do-Sun Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Glycemic Effects of Beer in IDDM Patients: Studies With Constant Insulin Delivery
Authors: Maximilian Spraul, Ernst Chantelau, Anna-Maria Schönbach, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

There are many factors influencing the glycemic response to carbohydrate (CHO) foods in humans, with several divergent reports in the literature (1-13). Part of the variability is probably due to methodological inadequacies, such as those recently pointed out by Gannon and Nuttall (14). To control for one of the most important variables affecting postprandial glycemia in subjects with endogenous insulin secretion, i.e., the meal-induced insulin response, we investigated the glycemic properties of alcoholic beverages with and without CHO in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients connected to a constant intravenous insulin infusion according to the method of Brodows et al. (15) and Hermansen et al. (16,17).
A BCL6/BCOR/SIRT1 Complex Triggers Neurogenesis and Suppresses Medulloblastoma by Repressing Sonic Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Luca Tiberi, Jérôme Bonnefont, Jelle van den Ameele, Serge-Daniel Le Bon, Adèle Herpoel, Angéline Bilheu, Beverly W. Baron, Pierre Vanderhaeghen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in human colon epithelial cells: modulation by T lymphocyte derived cytokines
Authors: G Kolios, N Rooney, C T Murphy, D A F Robertson, J Westwick
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression are increased in colonic biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis, but the cellular source of NO production is not known. Aims —To examine the distribution of iNOS in human colonic mucosa and to explore the ability of T lymphocyte derived cytokines to regulate iNOS expression and activity in human colonic epithelial cells. Methods —iNOS expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in colonic biopsy samples from 12 patients with ulcerative colitis and three with infectious colitis and compared with 10 normal controls. In vitro iNOS expression and activity were determined in HT-29 cell cultures; nitrite levels were measured using a fluorescent substrate, iNOS mRNA expression by northern blot analysis, and iNOS protein expression by western blot analysis. Results —No iNOS expression was detected (10 of 10) in non-inflamed mucosa derived from normal controls. In 11 of 12 cases of newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis, iNOS protein was expressed in the epithelial cells, while no other positive cells were found in the lamina propria. Similar iNOS labelling was found in colonic biopsy samples from patients with infectious colitis in the acute phase, but when re-examined in samples from patients in total remission, no iNOS staining was observed. Both interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, but not IL-10, are potent inhibitors of iNOS expression and activity induced by an optimal combination of cytokines, namely IL-1α, tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ. Conclusions —The data suggest that the epithelium is the major source of iNOS activity in ulcerative colitis and that IL-13 and IL-4 may act as intrinsic regulators of NO generation in intestinal inflammation.
Regional deposition of inhaled fog droplets: preliminary observations.
Authors: S M Bowes, B L Laube, J M Links, R Frank
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The regional deposition of a monodisperse 10-micron mass median aerodynamic diameter fog was studied in four healthy adult male nonsmokers. The fog was radiolabeled with technetium-99m sulfur colloid to enable detection by an Anger camera of deposited activity in the following regions of the respiratory tract: oropharynx, larynx, trachea, and intrapulmonary airways. Intrapulmonary deposition was further analyzed by computer with inner, intermediate, and outer zones, and within apical, intermediate and basal zones of the right lung. The radiolabeled aerosol was inhaled by mouth through a face-mask with the nasal airway occluded. Respiratory frequency, tidal volume, and jaw position were controlled and were commensurate with the oral component of oronasal breathing during moderate exercise. Deposition in the larynx, trachea, and intrapulmonary airways was a function of the scrubbing efficiency of the oropharynx, which differed substantially among subjects, and ranged from 72 to 99%. The density of the aerosol deposit in the larynx probably exceeded that of any of the subdivisions of the tracheobronchial tree and lung. Within the lung, deposition favored the inner zone (assumed to contain the larger airways) over the outer zone (assumed to be dominated by smaller airways and alveoli). Intrapulmonary aerosol distribution in an elderly subject with borderline evidence of airway obstruction differed from that observed in younger subjects. The possible consequences of altered lung elastic recoil, as may occur with aging, for regional dosimetry is discussed.
Serines 13 and 16 Are Critical Determinants of Full-Length Human Mutant Huntingtin Induced Disease Pathogenesis in HD Mice
Authors: Xiaofeng Gu, Erin R. Greiner, Rakesh Mishra, Ravindra Kodali, Alex Osmand, Steven Finkbeiner, Joan S. Steffan, Leslie Michels Thompson, Ronald Wetzel, X. William Yang
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Oat-Cell Cancer of Lung Carcinoid Heart Disease
Authors: Willys M. Monroe
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Oat-cell tumors of the lung may be associated with the functioning carcinoid syndrome (<i>Thorax</i><b>15</b>:30 [March] 1960). We autopsied a 75-year-old white man who had an oat-cell tumor of the right upper lobe bronchus with metastases in regional lymph nodes, epicardium, and adrenals (A-65-44). The tumor was grey-white even after formaldehyde solution (Formalin) fixation. The heart weighed 375 gm and the left ventricle contained a healed infarct secondary to atherosclerosis. Fibrous plaques typical of carcinoid heart disease involved both leaflets of the mitral valve, the chordae tendineae attached to the posterior leaflet, and the tips of the corresponding papillary muscles. A discontinuous layer of fibrous tissue lined the ascending aorta, covering small atheromas and tending to fill the spaces between larger atheromas. These lesions did not involve aortic valve cusps, sinuses of Valsalva, coronary arteries, or the right endocardium. Histological study indicated that the fibrous deposits
THE HOT-WATER DOUCHE IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL DEAFNESS.
Authors: GUSTAVUS P. HEAD
Journal: JAMA (1904)

So many factors enter into the causation of the deafness accompanying chronic middle ear catarrh that any treatment looking to the relief of the condition must be directed along several different lines. For this reason when any new treatment is presented it is, as a rule, mentioned that it is to be used in connection with the usually practiced measures. Therefore, in presenting the method I shall suggest, it is to be understood that the treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal disease and of tubal disease will be carried out as seems necessary in each case. Recognizing the value of heat in causing the absorption of inflammatory exudates even when such exudates have become partially organized, there has been a persistent effort on the part of otologists to devise some practical method by which this active agent may be utilized in the treatment of diseases of the middle ear. With this
Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice
Authors: O'Neill Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1991)

As I was reviewing this new hematology text, I was also reading Lester King's second edition of<i>Why Not Say It Clearly</i>. In the preface he quotes that wonderful line from Ecclesiastes, "Of making many books there is no end." The quotation could have been expanded to say, "some of which are very good." That qualified quote would certainly apply to this text by Hoffman et al. It seems to me that there are two basic requirements for the production of an effective textbook. First of all, the contributors (most books are multiauthored, with perhaps the exception of Jandl's<i>Blood</i>) must be competent in areas about which they write, and most of the time this is the case. Equally important, though, is the requirement that the writer present material that is clear and easy to read and appropriate for the intended audience. The editors have successfully accomplished both of these