tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The nonspecific inhibitory effect of synovial tissue extracts on leucocyte migration in vitro.
Authors: J E Morgan, N D Hall, A J Collins, P A Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

The leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMT) has been used to search for specific antigens in rheumatoid synovial tissue. Synovial samples were collected from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, from 1 patient with ankylosing spondylitis, and from 1 patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis. Inhibitory material was obtained from all 21 synovia with inflammatory disease but not from the noninflammatory synovium. The tissue extracts generally caused nonspecific migration inhibition when tested against a total of 157 pairs of rheumatoid and control leucocytes. However, occasional samples did induce migration inhibition restricted to either rheumatoid or control cells. The inhibitory factor was shown to be membrane associated and of high molecular weight (greater than 10(6) daltons). The results of this extensive study do not support the conclusions drawn from earlier reports based on smaller numbers of experiments. No evidence was obtained for the existence of specific antigenic material associated with the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis.
SPECIAL INFLUENCES OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY.Read in the Section of Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: T.L. WRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In discussing the nature of inebriety, and the magnitude of its influence on mankind, it will be necessary to observe the effects of alcohol upon the physical body, upon the mind and upon the moral attributes. And first, let us consider some of the effects of alcohol upon the material organism. The influences of alcohol upon the human body are of a nature so intricate, so distracting and often so apparently inconsistent with each other, that it is difficult to classify them in a clear and satisfactory manner. These influences might be arranged into groups representing on the one hand, drunkenness, its relations and phenomena; and on the other representing physical degenerations, with their various connections and dependencies. Perhaps as comprehensive a division of the subject as any would be as follows : 1. The effects of alcohol upon the nerves; 2. Upon the blood; and 3. Upon the physical
Inquiry opens into state of childhood in the UK
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Children's Society this week launched the United Kingdom's first national inquiry into the state of childhood, amid growing concerns that the pressures of modern life are causing increased mental health problems in children.

   ![][1] 

Seven in 10 children in northern Europe see their classmates as “kind and helpful” but only two in five in the UK take that view 

Credit: PAUL BALDESARE/PHOTOFUSION

Research to be published shortly in the Journal of Social Indicators Research shows that children in the UK currently have lower levels of wellbeing, measured by such things as health, education, wealth, and relationships, than …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Validation of Intermediate End Points in Cancer Research
Authors: Arthur Schatzkin, Laurence S. Freedman, Mark H. Schiffman, Sanford M. Dawsey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Investigations using intermediate end points as cancer surrogates are quicker, smaller, and less expensive than studies that use malignancy as the end point. We present a strategy for determining whether a given biomarker is a valid intermediate end point between an exposure and incidence of cancer. Candidate intermediate end points may be selected from case series, ecologic studies, and animal experiments. Prospective cohort and sometimes case-control studies may be used to quantify the intermediate end point-cancer association. The most appropriate measure of this association is the attributable proportion. The intermediate end point is a valid cancer surrogate if the attributable proportion is close to 1.0, but not if it is close to 0. Usually, the attributable proportion is close to neither 1.0 nor 0; in this case, valid surrogacy requires that the intermediate end point mediate an established exposure-cancer relation. This would in turn imply that the exposure effect would vanish if adjusted for the intermediate end point. We discuss the relative advantages of intervention and observational studies for the validation of intermediate end points. This validation strategy also may be applied to intermediate end points for adverse reproductive outcomes and chronic diseases other than cancer.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION OF HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER THE FONTAN OPERATION
Authors: Joseph Poterucha, Jonathan Johnson, Crystal Bonnichsen, Sabrina Phillips, Patrick Kamath, Phillip Young, Sudhakar Venkatesh, Carole Warnes, Frank Cetta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Multivesicular stellate cells in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: R G Cameron, M G Neuman, N Shear, L M Blendis
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Stellate cells have only recently received attention in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We have used electron microscopy and morphometry to perform a qualitative and quantitative examination of lipid-storing activity of stellate cells in liver biopsies of 26 patients with noncirrhotic and cirrhotic PBC. In parallel with this study, a comparative analysis of the morphology of stellate cells in 51 patients with livers of normal histology was performed. There was a marked increased in the total number of lipid vesicles in stellate cells in all PBC patients when compared with livers with normal histology. Multiple multivesicular stellate cells were seen in the livers of 21 of 26 patients with PBC. There were 11 to 28 lipid vesicles per multivesicular stellate cell in sizes of 1 μm to 5 μm in diameter per lipid vesicle. Hepatocytes showed little or no steatosis in 24 of 26 (92%) PBC patients. Multivesicular stellate cells were not seen in female patients with normal liver histology. These results suggest that there is an alteration in hepatic lipid storage that involves stellate cells in PBC that could be an early manifestation of this disease. Its significance remains to be elucidated.
Effects of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Emphysema on Diaphragm Dimensions and Configuration
Authors: MARIE CASSART, JUERG HAMACHER, YVES VERBANDT, SIMON WILDERMUTH, DANIEL RITSCHER, ERICH W. RUSSI, PHILIPPE de FRANCQUEN, MATTEO CAPPELLO, WALTER WEDER, MARC ESTENNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Part of the functional benefit provided by lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) may be related to improvement in respiratory muscle function resulting from changes in diaphragm dimension and configuration. To study these changes, we obtained 3D reconstructions of the muscle using spiral computed tomography in 11 patients with severe emphysema before and 3 mo after surgery, and in 11 normal subjects matched for sex, age, height, and weight. Bilateral LVRS was performed by thoracoscopy in eight patients and by sternotomy in three patients. Acquisitions were made in the supine posture at relaxed FRC, midinspiratory capacity, and TLC. On average, LVRS produced a 51 ± 11% increase in FEV1 and a 30 ± 4% decrease in FRC. The total surface area of the diaphragm (Adi) and of the zone of apposition (Aap) at FRC increased by 17 ± 4% and 43 ± 8%, respectively, but the surface area of the dome did not change. Compared with the values recorded in the normal subjects, postoperative values of Adi and Aap at FRC were reduced by 11% (p < 0.05) and 24% (p < 0.005), respectively. The curvature of the dome increased at TLC in the left sagittal plane, but was otherwise unaffected by the procedure. We conclude that LVRS substantially increases Adi and Aap, but does not significantly improve diaphragm configuration at FRC.
Prognostic Value of Ishak Fibrosis Stage: Findings From the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis Trial
Authors: James E. Everhart, Elizabeth C. Wright, Zachary D. Goodman, Jules L. Dienstag, John C. Hoefs, David E. Kleiner, Marc G. Ghany, Scott A. Mills, Russell S. Nash, Sugantha Govindarajan, Thomas E. Rogers, Joel K. Greenson, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Chihiro Morishima, Heather J. Litman
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Studies of the prognostic value of Ishak fibrosis stage are lacking. We used multi-year follow-up of the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial to determine whether individual Ishak fibrosis stages predicted clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Baseline liver biopsy specimens from 1050 patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C who had failed combination peginterferon and ribavirin were reviewed by a panel of expert hepatopathologists. Fibrosis was staged with the Ishak scale (ranging from 0 = no fibrosis to 6 = cirrhosis). Biopsy fragmentation and length as well as number of portal tracts were recorded. We compared rates of prespecified clinical outcomes of hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma across individual Ishak fibrosis stages. Of 1050 biopsy specimens, 25% were fragmented, 63% longer than 1.5 cm, 69% larger than 10 mm2, and 75% had 10 or more portal tracts. Baseline laboratory markers of liver disease severity were worse and the frequency of esophageal varices higher with increasing Ishak stage ( P &lt; 0.0001). The 6-year cumulative incidence of first clinical outcome was 5.6% for stage 2, 16.1% for stage 3, 19.3% for stage 4, 37.8% for stage 5, and 49.3% for stage 6. Among nonfragmented biopsy specimens, the predictive ability of Ishak staging was enhanced; however, no association was observed between Ishak stage and outcomes for fragmented biopsy specimens because of high rates of outcomes for patients with noncirrhotic stages. Similar results were observed with liver transplantation or liver-related death as the outcome. Conclusion : Ishak fibrosis stage predicts clinical outcomes, need for liver transplantation, and liver-related death in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Patients with fragmented biopsy specimens with low Ishak stage may be understaged histologically. (Hepatology 2010;51:585–594.)
THE ORIGIN OF GLAUCOMA AND A SUGGESTION AS TO ITS EARLY MANAGEMENT.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Anmial Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: LOUIS F. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I do not desire to present, any novel ideas with regard to the origin of glaucoma, or to recommend any special treatment of its earlier manifestations. My object is rather to direct attention to what I believe to be the principal cause of glaucoma simplex and acute inflammatory glaucoma, and to suggest the use of well-known remedies for a condition which may prove the starting point of the disease. The nature of this obscure trouble has always been a subject for speculation, from the earliest days of medicine, but it is only comparatively recently that its pathological character was understood. The work of the anatomist, the physiologist, the pathologist and the clinician have shed much light upon what was obscure to the older physicians. Until the time of von Graefe the character of glaucoma was very obscure, his discovery of its general character was a very great step forward, but
Is Wisconsin or Hawaii the healthiest US state?
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

UK NEWS Scientists plead for right to create interspecies embryos, p1238 World NEWS US gro�p highlights symptoms of early o�arian cancer, p 12�� US gro�p highlights symptoms of early o�arian cancer, p 12�� bmj.com �itamin d from s�n e�pos�re may protect against solid cancers �itamin d from s�n e�pos�re may protect against solid cancers
More on Attachment Behavior: T'was the Night Before Changeover
Authors: Mark S. Komrad
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I found Dr Berlin's article entitled Attachment Behavior in Hospitalized Patients 1 thought provoking. For the past three years, I have been the resident on call in a teaching hospital on the night of June 30th. These nights have taught me a lot about attachment behavior, in both patients and the medical staff.  On July 1, there is more discontinuity of care than at any other time during the academic year. The patients understand that this night is different from others, as all of their usual physicians are off service. In their minds, and mine, I am truly their physician until morning.  On this night, patients extract intensity from our relationship to make up for what it lacks in duration. One night, I sat up for hours with a young patient who had started to grieve for the first time over her diagnosis of osteosarcoma, which had
Dipstick Measurement of Alcohol Levels in Body Fluids
Authors: Michael B. Heller, Richard M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1987Dipstick Measurement of Alcohol Levels in Body FluidsMICHAEL B. HELLER, M.D., RICHARD M. KAPLAN, M.S.MICHAEL B. HELLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD M. KAPLAN, M.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-328_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The objective determination of alcohol intoxication has considerable importance to physicians, police, lawyers, and the general public. The recent development of a simple dipstick using alcohol oxidase (Abusa-Stick, Chem-Elec, Inc., North Webster, Indiana) promises immediate determination of alcohol concentrations in saliva or other easily obtainable body fluids. Although the relative concentrations of alcohol in various body fluids have been reported (1, 2), the lack of data confirming the utility of the dipstick technique prompted our investigation.Five adults (three men, one nonlactating woman, and one lactating woman) were recruited at a wine-tasting event. Over the course of...References1. GOTH A. Hypnotic drugs and alcohol. In: GOTH A, ed. Medical Pharmacology. 11th ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company; 1984:296. Google Scholar2. JONES A. Distribution of ethanol between saliva and blood in man: clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1979;6:53-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL B. HELLER, M.D.; RICHARD M. KAPLAN, M.S. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byActive and Intelligent Packaging for Reducing Postharvest Losses of Fruits and VegetablesAn ethanol biosensor can detect low-oxygen injury in modified atmosphere packages of fresh-cut produceAcute IntoxicationClinical Utility of a Saliva Alcohol Dipstick Estimate of Serum Ethanol Concentrations in the Emergency Department 1 February 1987Volume 106, Issue 2Page: 328-328KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsAttentionBody fluidsIntoxicationSaliva ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Role for vitamin D receptor in the neuronal control of the hematopoietic stem cell niche
Authors: Yuriko Kawamori, Yoshio Katayama, Noboru Asada, Kentaro Minagawa, Mari Sato, Atsuo Okamura, Manabu Shimoyama, Kimie Nakagawa, Toshio Okano, Mitsune Tanimoto, Shigeaki Kato, Toshimitsu Matsui
Journal: Blood (2010)
Accidental Strangulation From Vest Restraints
Authors: Leon Katz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article in<i>JAMA</i>, Dube and Mitchell<sup>1</sup>present two case reports of strangulation by vest restraints. Their investigation revealed that the deaths were largely the result of nursing and procedural errors, not due to design or labeling shortcomings in the restraint vest. It is true that some manufacturers have made significant improvements in the design of these products since we first published our recommendation.<sup>2-4</sup>The changes include color coding by size, front and back identification labels sewn on the vest, full directions for use in plain English and French, improved ties, and quick-release fasteners. However, in spite of these improvements, serious incidents associated with these medical devices continue to occur: four cases of death by strangulation in vest restraints are currently under investigation in the province of Quebec. We suspect that a large number of such incidents go unreported. Manufacturers and health care
THE ANCIENT AND MODERN INSTRUMENTS USED IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH.
Authors: C. D. SPIVAK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

of their legs.Two of them will trundle a passenger up a high hill without difficulty.The new invention won a phenomenal success in Japan and drove the old cagos totally out of existence.There are now in the city of Tokio alone over ten thousand jinrikishas.It seems strange at first glance that European and American armies should still use hand litters exclusively in lugging the wounded from the line of battle back to the ambulances, but there are reasons for it.
Doctor is not to blame for baby left brain damaged 32 years ago, court finds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A High Court judge has ruled that a hospital doctor was not to blame for a brain injury in a newborn baby 32 years ago that left him with cerebral palsy as well as epilepsy and cognitive, behavioural, and physical problems.

Mr Justice Phillips said it was “unfortunate” that Sunita Nagpal and her former colleagues at Queen’s Park Hospital, Blackburn, had had the case hanging over them for so many years, and he commended their care of John Aspinall as a baby.

Through his mother and litigation friend, Evonne Taylforth, Aspinall began proceedings in 2012 against the health …
Pentoxifylline vs. corticosteroid to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis: A randomised, non-inferiority, open trial
Authors: Seung Ha Park, Dong Joon Kim, Young Seok Kim, Hyung Joon Yim, Won Young Tak, Heon Ju Lee, Joo Hyun Sohn, Ki Tae Yoon, In Hee Kim, Hyoung Su Kim, Soon Ho Um, Soon Koo Baik, June Sung Lee, Ki Tae Suk, Sang Gyune Kim, Sang Jun Suh, Soo Young Park, Tae Yeob Kim, Jae Young Jang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Research into universal health coverage rises despite economic downturn, report finds
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The World Health Organization’s goal of universal health coverage will not be achieved without making proper use of research, the World Health Report for 2013 has concluded. 1

Every nation, rich or poor, should produce research as well as use it, because many questions required local answers, the report argued. It said that thanks to striking improvements over the past 20 years, most low and middle income countries had at least the foundations on which to build effective national health research systems, and some had gone much further, building thriving research communities with international …
Management of a Field Surgical Unit
Authors: J. Howell, B. McN. Truscott
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Much attention has been paid at discussions and in the journals to the purely operative side of forward surgery, but in our opinion the other side, which may be termed loosely the  running of the unit, has been somewhat neglected. When taking a new Field Surgical Unit into the forward areas there are many pitfalls into which the unwary may stumble but which with forewarning can be easily avoided. The unit to which we belong has been working for a year and has functioned through two campaigns involving three different types of military operations. It is based on the Middle East establishment and carries, in addition to the surgeon and anaesthetst, a corporal operating-room assistant, a lance corporal clerk,. two nursing orderlies, a batman, and two R.A.S.C. drivers. The Middle East scale of equipment is sufficient to provide a complete operating team, but all accom modation of the patients before and after operation and all nursing are provided by the medical formation to which the unit is attached. This equipment can be summarized in the following way. Two tents, one large and one small, are used as a theatre and a sterilizing room. Enough instruments are carried to tackle any case that may arise, but the numbers of these instruments are kept down to a reasonable figure. Tents are also carried to accommodate the personnel. In addition, a reserve of stores?particularly plaster, anaesthetics, and dressings?is taken to deal with about a hundred cases without replenishment. With these provisions a Field Surgical Unit can join a Field Ambulance, a Field Dressing Station, or a Casualty Clearing Station, and provide or supplement the surgical facilities of that unit. From December, 1942, to June, 1943, our unit was with the Eighth Army during the advance to Tripoli and Tunis. In September, ?943, it accompanied the invasion forces to Salerno. Here the work was of two types?the phase of forming and consolidating the bridgehead and then the subsequent advance through Italy. Under these three varying cpnditions it has been found that the basic principles?partly learnt by bitter experience and partly handed on to us by our predecessors during the long months of fighting in the desert?have not been found wanting. Minor alterations only have been neces sary to cope with the changing conditions. These principles may be described under the following headings: (1) co-operation with the parent unit ; (2) minimizing fatigue ; (3) note-recording ; (4) extra equipment and comforts.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression Results in Increased Tumor Cell Motility <i>In vivo</i> Coordinately with Enhanced Intravasation and Metastasis
Authors: Chengsen Xue, Jeffrey Wyckoff, Fubo Liang, Mazen Sidani, Stefania Violini, Kun-Lin Tsai, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Erik Sahai, John Condeelis, Jeffrey E. Segall
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Although overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1) has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast and other cancers, clinical trials of ErbB1 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in inhibiting tumor proliferation. To evaluate other possible roles of ErbB1 in tumor malignancy besides proliferation, we have developed a series of tools for analysis of intravasation. Overexpression of ErbB1 in MTLn3 mammary adenocarcinoma cells results in increased intravasation and lung metastasis from tumors formed by injection of cells in the mammary fat pad. However, increased ErbB1 expression has no effect on primary tumor growth and lung seeding efficiency of cells injected i.v. Chemotactic responses to low concentrations of EGF in vitro and cell motility in vivo in the primary tumor measured using intravital imaging are significantly increased by ErbB1 overexpression. The increased cell motility is restricted to ErbB1-overexpressing cells in tumors containing mixtures of cells expressing different ErbB1 levels, arguing for a cell-autonomous effect of increased ErbB1 expression rather than alteration of the tumor microenvironment. In summary, we propose that ErbB1 overexpression makes more significant contributions to intravasation than growth in some tumors and present a novel model for studying ErbB1 contributions to tumor metastasis via chemotaxis and intravasation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 192-7)