tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MRI for diagnosis of small bowel disease in paediatric crohns disease: a systematic review
Authors: E. Giles, A. R. Barclay, S. Chippington, D. C. Wilson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barium meal enteroclysis (BM) is the recommended imaging technique for small bowel inaccessable by ileocolonoscopy when diagnosing paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (1). However it is subject to poor sensitivity and involves ionising radiation. MRI enterography (MRE) has recently been reported as an alternative methodology. We aimed to critically appraise the published evidence on use of MRE in diagnosis of paediatric IBD by systematic review. <h3>Methods</h3> Review of all English language data reporting MRE for the investigation of patients &lt;16 years with known or suspected IBD. Searches of Medline (January 1950–November 2010) and Pubmed (January 1950–November 2010) were performed using keyword and MeSH terms; IBD; MRI; small bowel imaging. Reference lists of potential studies, handsearching and personal collections of authors were also examined. Two authors independently assessed the quality of studies for inclusion using the QUADAS tool (2). A third author was an arbiter in cases of disagreement. <h3>Results</h3> Database searches yielded 606 291 hits, combination word searches limited this to 968 titles. 38 studies were fully reviewed and 10 potential studies identified. 2 studies were excluded due to lack of separate paediatric data or inadequate methodological rigour. 8 studies were included (QUADAS scores 7–13/14) (table 1). Studies displayed heterogeneity in bowel preparation, scanning technique, reporting methodology and comparisons with BM, ultrasound and CT. Timing of ileocolonoscopy in relation to MRE was also variable. Two papers reported greater sensitivity and specificity for MRE in comparison to BM. <h3>Conclusion</h3> MRE is an sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of paediatric IBD. However technical considerations require refinement and standardisation, however MRE offers a significant reduction in ionising radiation exposure. Current data suggest that MRE should supercede BM as the small bowel imaging technique in centres with appropriate expertise.
Trust suspends manager after waiting list fiasco continues
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An independent inquiry into waiting list fraud at South Manchester University Hospitals Trust, which led to last week's resignation of the trust's former chief executive, Jane Herbert, has added another name to the list. Ms Herbert deputy, Chris Povah, now chief executive of the East Cheshire NHS Trust, was suspended after the report went public on 4 March.

The inquiry by Greater Manchester Strategic Health Authority was triggered after an Audit Commission spot check in 2002. The Audit Commission's report, published last week (8 March, 517), highlighted deliberate misreporting of waiting list figures at three trusts throughout England. Investigators found that the East and North Hertfordshire Trust, the Scarborough and East Yorkshire Trust, and the South Manchester University Hospitals Trust had massaged figures regularly from April 2000 to March 2001 to bring them in line with government targets. The Audit Commission notes that the practice probably started as early as 1997.

Government statistics, for example, show that in March 2000, 6766 patients were on the South Manchester trust's waiting list, with no patients waiting longer than 18 months. However, the inquiry by the Greater Manchester Strategic Health Authority found that the true number of patients …
Absorption and Utilization of Polyglutamyl Forms of Folate in Man
Authors: J. Perry, I. Chanarin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Some three-quarters of folate compounds in a normal mixed diet have a chain of seven glutamic acid residues (polyglutamates). The extent to which these forms of folate are absorbed and utilized by man is of considerable nutritional importance. These studies indicate that the polyglutamate forms were absorbed and utilized to about one-third of the extent of simpler (monoglutamate) forms, as judged by the serum folate levels after oral equimolar doses, by the amount incorporated into red cells in long-term studies, by the amount excreted into the urine, and by their capacity to initiate haematological responses in patients with folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemias.
Elongation Factor-2 Kinase Regulates Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Hao Wu, Jin-Ming Yang, Shengkan Jin, Haiyan Zhang, William N. Hait
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2 kinase), also known as Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent kinase III, regulates protein synthesis by controlling the rate of peptide chain elongation. The activity of eEF-2 kinase is increased in glioblastoma and other malignancies, yet its role in neoplasia is uncertain. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy plays an important role in oncogenesis and that this can be regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Because eEF-2 kinase lies downstream of mTOR, we studied the role of eEF-2 kinase in autophagy using human glioblastoma cell lines. Knockdown of eEF-2 kinase by RNA interference inhibited autophagy in glioblastoma cell lines, as measured by light chain 3 (LC3)-II formation, acidic vesicular organelle staining, and electron microscopy. In contrast, overexpression of eEF-2 kinase increased autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy markedly decreased the viability of glioblastoma cells grown under conditions of nutrient depletion. Nutrient deprivation increased eEF-2 kinase activity and decreased the activity of S6 kinase, suggesting an involvement of mTOR pathway in the eEF-2 kinase regulation of autophagy. These results suggest that eEF-2 kinase plays a regulatory role in the autophagic process in tumor cells; and eEF-2 kinase is a downstream member of the mTOR signaling; eEF-2 kinase may promote cancer cell survival under conditions of nutrient deprivation through regulating autophagy. Therefore, eEF-2 kinase may be a part of a survival mechanism in glioblastoma and targeting this kinase may represent a novel approach to cancer treatment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3015-23)
CAMKII IS CRITICAL FOR THE UPREGULATION OF STAT3 SIGNALING IN PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOMYOCYTE HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Lin Zhao, Guangming Cheng, Runming Jin, Lei Chen, Xing Chen, Arash Davani, Anweshan Samanta, Magdy Girgis, Kashyap Choksi, Yanjuan Yang, Robert Vincent, Buddhadeb Dawn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Granulocyte Transfusions in Infants
Authors: Ronald G. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Recently, Ian M. Smith, MD, suggested that granulocyte transfusions might be of value in treating infants with septicemia and leukopenia (239:2599, 1978). Although Dr Smith mentioned that caution should be employed when selecting this form of therapy for infants, he did not cite the published literature related to the use of granulocyte transfusion in children. It is the purpose of this letter to strongly emphasize that there are no published data available to document the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion in the treatment of infected, neutropenic infants and children when compared with antibiotic therapy alone. The results of treating febrile episodes in children with granulocyte transfusion have been reported in two uncontrolled studies. 1,2 A course of four daily granulocyte transfusions has been tentatively accepted by most investigators as a minimum therapeutic trial. The majority of children described in these two studies responded to only one or two
THE OMENTUM AS A SURGICAL FACTOR IN LAPAROTOMY.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Modern surgery has done much to demonstrate the physiologic importance of the omentum. It is my present purpose to consider the omentum especially as a surgical factor in laparotomy, since I am very sure that its importance has been greatly underestimated and that the danger arising from its pathologic changes and injuries is a very considerable factor in the life problem. Even when recovery ensues, such changes are often the cause of local suffering and invalidism. Did time permit I would gladly consider the anatomic development and physiologic function of this important structure, upon which less is written and probably less really known than any other so considerable part of the body. For our present purpose it is important, in its normal development, to emphasize the extraordinary vascularity of this really enormous fatty apron and to remember that its lymph channels are coextensive with its vascular supply. Every surgeon has
Economic evaluation of systemic therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: S. Sizto, N. Bansback, S.R. Feldman, M.K. Willian, A.H. Anis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

New biologics have dramatically changed therapeutic options for psoriasis, albeit at additional cost.To determine the cost-effectiveness and optimal treatment sequence for moderate to severe psoriasis.Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response rates from 22 randomized controlled trials evaluating biologic (adalimumab, efalizumab, etanercept, infliximab) and nonbiologic systemic (methotrexate, ciclosporin) agents were considered. Short-term efficacy was based on relative probabilities of achieving PASI response (50/75/90) in a meta-analysis of trials. Published evidence and assumptions were used to predict long-term efficacy. Treatment benefits were determined by the relationship between PASI response and the EuroQOL 5D health utility measure. Costs included therapy, administration, monitoring and hospitalization. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated and treatments ranked relative to supportive care.Infliximab provided the most incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) vs. supportive care (0.18 QALYs; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.13-0.24), followed by adalimumab (0.16 QALYs; 95% CI 0.11-0.22). Methotrexate and ciclosporin were less beneficial (0.13 and 0.08 QALYs, respectively) but were cost saving and considered the first two treatments in the optimal sequence. Comparing biologics, adalimumab was most cost effective (ICER pound30 000 per QALY), followed by etanercept ( pound37 000 per QALY), efalizumab ( pound40 000 per QALY) and infliximab ( pound42 000 per QALY).Methotrexate and ciclosporin are cost effective but require monitoring for toxicities. Of the biologics, adalimumab was most cost effective following conventional systemic treatment failure or inadequate response. Payers and policymakers will have to decide how to utilize their budgets effectively for treating patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
Detection of cytokine activated chondrocytes in arthritic joints from pigs infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
Authors: M E Davies, A Horner, B Franz, H J Schuberth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Chronic polyarthritis was induced in pigs by injection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and the in vivo activation of chondrocytes by cytokines was then investigated in the affected joints by immunocytochemistry. A polyclonal antiserum which recognises surface markers on in vitro interleukin 1 activated porcine chondrocytes was used to detect activated chondrocytes in all zones of the cartilage from diseased joints. In contrast, cartilage removed from an unaffected joint in the same animal showed no chondrocyte activation. Inflammatory synovial tissue removed from diseased joints and cocultured with cartilage from the unaffected joint induced activation of adjacent chondrocytes. The presence of interleukin 1 in the inflammatory cells of the synovium was confirmed and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens were detected as a marker of synovial activation. Chondrocytes were found not to express class II antigens in cartilage from either the diseased or the unaffected joint. These observations show that the porcine erysipelas model of arthritis will be useful in facilitating a novel approach to monitoring the behaviour of individual chondrocytes under pathophysiological conditions.
A Tissue Plasminogen Activator/P-Selectin Fusion Protein Is an Effective Thrombolytic Agent
Authors: Kenichi Fujise, Bryan Mitch Revelle, Lowell Stacy, Edwin L. Madison, Edward T.H. Yeh, James T. Willerson, Pamela J. Beck
Journal: Circulation (1997)

P-selectin is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells and platelets. We hypothesized that a tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)/P-selectin fusion protein would have not only thrombolytic activity but also might target TPA to the thrombi. In addition, it seemed possible that this chimeric protein would competitively inhibit the binding of native P-selectin on endothelial cells and platelets to leukocytes and thus further promote thrombolysis.The full-length, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-resistant form of TPA (TPAIR) together with two TPAIR/P-selectin fusion constructs (P280IR and P121IR) were expressed with the use of baculovirus vectors. After infection of Sf21 cells with the recombinant baculovirus, recombinant TPAIR and P-selectin/TPAIR fusion proteins were purified with the use of metal ion chromatography. The intact protease activity of TPAIR and the ligand binding capability of P-selectin were confirmed through indirect chromogenic and cell binding assays, respectively. These molecules were assessed both in vitro and in vivo for thrombolytic activity. In vitro clot lysis assays indicated equal efficacy of TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR (P > .5). The in vivo efficacy was tested in a cyclic flow variation model with the use of the rat mesenteric artery. Compared with saline control treatment, reduction in cyclic flow variations was significant (P < .05) and similar (P > .5) among TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR. No significant bleeding was noted among treated animals.Chimeric proteins P280IR and P121IR have clot lysis activities that are similar to TPAIR both in vitro and in vivo. These chimeric proteins also bind to P-selectin ligand in vitro. Thus, these proteins may provide an efficient method of targeting TPA to the thrombotic region. Further experimental analysis with the use of larger animal coronary occlusion models should help determine the future value of these proteins as clinical therapeutic agents.
A Society of Physicians: An Account of the Activities of the Members of the Massachusetts Medical Society, 1923-1981
Authors: Micaela Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Medical society histories may easily be uninspiring and dry, both in subject and prose. Everett Spencer's text is a pleasant exception to that rule. Mr Spencer, executive secretary of the Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS), has drawn his observations on the formation and internal workings of the MMS from previously unpublished and unavailable documents. Spencer presents a comprehensive account of the MMS, its aims, politics, and personalities, lucidly and with humor. The result is a diverse sampling of the world of organized medicine. The story begins with general historical information showing the MMS as a group of voluntarily organized physicians. The chapter following, entitled "A Matter of Shading and Degree," offers intriguing reports on noteworthy cases over which the Committee on Ethics and Discipline presided. The history of the venerated<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>is then explored in detail. Included are its initial use as a "house organ" and the
581 GUT DECONTAMINATION USING NANOPOROUS CARBONS REDUCES PORTAL PRESSURE AND PREVENTS LIVER FAILURE IN BILE-DUCT LIGATED CIRRHOTIC ANIMALS BY REDUCING KUPFFER CELL ACTIVATION
Authors: J. Macnaughtan, J. Soeda, A. Mouralidarane, S. Sandeman, C. Howell, S. Mikhalovsky, S. Kozynchenko, S. Tennison, N. Davies, J. Oben, R. Mookerjee, R. Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Developmental changes in the electrophysiological properties and the beta-adrenergic receptor-effector complex in atrial fibers of the canine coronary sinus.
Authors: E M Horn, N J Johnson, J P Bilezikian, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

beta-Adrenergic stimulation induced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in atrial fibers of adult but not young canine coronary sinus. However, sensitivity to beta-adrenergic agonists with respect to maximum diastolic potential was identical at both ages, and delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity did occur in response to ouabain. Age-dependent lengthening of the action potential duration and plateau also were seen and were greater in the adult than the young. beta-Adrenergic receptor density and affinity and the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gs) were similar in adult and young tissues. In contrast, the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gi) was 2.5-fold greater in adult (15 fmol/mg) than in young (6.0 fmol/mg) tissues. Basal- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were greater in adult than young coronary sinus although the increment in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in young tissue was greater when compared either with basal levels or expressed as a percentage of maximal catalytic activity. Both the traditional effector pathway of beta-adrenergic action, involving the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, and developmental changes in the action potential plateau may contribute to the developmental changes in delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity.
Safety and efficacy of Temsirolimus in combination with Bendamustine and Rituximab in relapsed mantle cell and follicular lymphoma
Authors: G Hess, U Keller, C W Scholz, M Witzens-Harig, J Atta, C Buske, S Kirschey, C Ruckes, C Medler, C van Oordt, W Klapper, M Theobald, M Dreyling
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Sexual habits rather than smoking may predict survival from throat and mouth cancers
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A large cancer screening programme in the United States has changed its screening practice and treatment strategy after learning that the effectiveness of chemoradiation for oropharyngeal cancer differs depending on whether the tumour is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The discovery may also explain the stark difference in response to treatment seen between black and white people. 

The findings led the University of Maryland Cancer Center study site, in Baltimore, to immediately change its screening and treatment practices, even before publication ( Cancer Prevention Research 2009 July 29, doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0149).

The study retrospectively analysed biopsy specimens of tumours from a large clinical trial for the presence of HPV. It found that survival was nearly five …
Priority setting for health interventions in Mexico's System of Social Protection in Health
Authors: Eduardo González-Pier, Cristina Gutiérrez-Delgado, Gretchen Stevens, Mariana Barraza-Lloréns, Raúl Porras-Condey, Natalie Carvalho, Kristen Loncich, Rodrigo H Dias, Sandeep Kulkarni, Anna Casey, Yuki Murakami, Majid Ezzati, Joshua A Salomon
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Performance of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk index for early acute coronary syndrome in the national registry of myocardial infarction: A simple risk index predicts mortality in both ST and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, David A. Morrow, Robert P. Giugliano, Paul D. Frederick, Carolyn H. McCabe, Christopher P. Cannon, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Comparable Potent Coronary Constrictor Effects of Endothelin-1 and Big Endothelin-1 in Humans
Authors: John Pernow, Lennart Kaijser, Jan M. Lundberg, Gunvor Ahlborg
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor produced from the precursor big ET-1 in endothelial cells. The coronary effects of these peptides in humans in vivo are unknown. Therefore, the effects of ET-1 and big ET-1 on coronary blood flow in relation to plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 levels were compared in healthy subjects.The peptides were infused intravenously at the rates of 0.2, 1, and 8 pmol/kg per minute. Each dose administered for 20 minutes except the highest dose of ET-1, which was administered for 10 minutes. ET-1 and big ET-1 evoked dose-related increases in mean arterial blood pressure from 93 +/- 4 to 107 +/- 4 mm Hg and from 89 +/- 2 to 122 +/- 5 mm Hg, respectively, at the highest dose. ET-1 and big ET-1 reduced coronary sinus blood flow, measured with thermodilution by a maximum of 25 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 8% and increased coronary vascular resistance by 50 +/- 9% and 107 +/- 26%, respectively. Coronary sinus, but not arterial, oxygen saturation was reduced in parallel with the coronary sinus blood flow. The effects of ET-1 and big ET-1 were similar at corresponding time points. During infusion of ET-1, a 19 +/- 5% extraction of ET-1 was observed over the coronary vascular bed (P < .05). Administration of big ET-1 elevated arterial plasma ET-1 levels by 2.4-fold, and after correction for the local extraction of ET-1, a myocardial production of ET-1 was observed.ET-1 and big ET-1 induce comparable increases in blood pressure and coronary constriction in humans in vivo. The results also suggest a net local removal of circulating ET-1 and big ET-1 and a local conversion of big ET-1 into ET-1 within the coronary vascular bed.
Acute Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl®) Intoxication
Authors: RICHARD P. ROBBINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Acute Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl®) IntoxicationRICHARD P. ROBBINS, M.D., DANIEL J. APPELROUTH, M.D.RICHARD P. ROBBINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DANIEL J. APPELROUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-857_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We would like to report another case of acute ethchlorvynol (Placidyl®) intoxication presenting with the typical clinical picture as described by Teehan and associates in a recent article in the ANNALS (72:875-882, 1970).The patient, a 74-year-old white woman with a previous history of two suicide gestures, presented to the emergency room of Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, deeply comatose, areflexic, with a blood pressure of 130/80, rectal temperature of 94 F, a pulse of 60, and no spontaneous respirations. The patient had been seen previously at another hospital and was intubated and treated with gastric lavage, which... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD P. ROBBINS, M.D.; DANIEL J. APPELROUTH, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami, Fla. 33136 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEthchlorvynol Ingestion: Interpretation of Blood Concentrations and Clinical FindingsA death due to ethchlorvynol abuse. A case reportAnxiety and InsomniaHemolysis and Pancytopenia in Ethchlorvynol OverdoseJOHN C. KLOCK, M.D.Fatal Immune Thrombocytopenia Induced by EthchlorvynolERIC S. JACOBSON, M.D.Ethchlorvynol in biological fluids: Specificity of assay methods 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 857-858KeywordsBlood pressureComaEmergency departmentHeart rateIntoxicationRespirationSuicideTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...