tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autonomic Modification of the Atrioventricular Node During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Todor N. Mazgalev, Stéphane Garrigue, Kent A. Mowrey, Yoshio Yamanouchi, Patrick J. Tchou
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Postganglionic vagal stimulation (PGVS) by short bursts of subthreshold current evokes release of acetylcholine from myocardial nerve terminals. PGVS applied to the atrioventricular node (AVN) slows nodal conduction. However, little is known about the ability of PGVS to control ventricular rate (VR) during atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results —To quantify the effects and establish the mechanism of PGVS on the AVN, AF was simulated by random high right atrial pacing in 11 atrial-AVN rabbit heart preparations. Microelectrode recordings of cellular action potentials (APs) were obtained from different AVN regions. Five intensities and 5 modes of PGVS delivery were evaluated. PGVS resulted in cellular hyperpolarization, along with depressed and highly heterogeneous intranodal conduction. Compact nodal AP exhibited decremental amplitude and dV/dt and multiple-hump components, and at high PGVS intensities, a high degree of concealed conduction resulted in a dramatic slowing of the VR. Progressive increase of PGVS intensity and/or rate of delivery showed a significant logarithmic correlation with a decrease in VR ( P &lt;0.001). Strong PGVS reduced the mean VR from 234 to 92 bpm ( P &lt;0.001). The PGVS effects on the cellular responses and VR during AF were fully reproduced in a model of direct acetylcholine injection into the compact AVN via micropipette. Conclusions —These studies confirmed that PGVS applied during AF could produce substantial VR slowing because of acetylcholine-induced depression of conduction in the AVN.
Recovery from Aplastic Anemia after Treatment with Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Daniel T. Baran, Paul F. Griner, Martin R. Klemperer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The prognosis for survival in severe aplastic anemia remains poor despite advances in management of patients with this condition over the past decade. Treatment with androgenic steroids has not been shown to be effective in pronounced bone-marrow aplasia.1 , 2 Bone-marrow transplantation is now a recognized form of therapy for patients with severe aplastic anemia. However, although increasing success is being reported as a result of transplantation with an HLA-compatible sibling's bone marrow, more than half the patients do not have compatible siblings.3 For some years, it has been speculated that immune processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia . . .
Effect of intragastric pH on mucosal protective action of sucralfate.
Authors: J Z Danesh, A Duncan, R I Russell, G Mitchell
Journal: Gut (1988)

Acid intragastric pH is believed to be mandatory for mucosal protective action of sucralfate, but evidence for its efficacy at neutral pH is lacking. The effect of sucralfate on gastric mucosal erosions induced by oral administration of aspirin and bile acids at acidic pH of 1.5 and 3.9, and near neutral pH of 6.5 was investigated in 320 rats. The effect of sucralfate on the intragastric pH four hours after the ingestion of test solutions was also examined. The incidence and severity of mucosal erosions induced by aspirin and bile acids were lower in animals treated with sucralfate at acidic (p less than 0.001) and near neutral (p less than 0.01) intragastric pH. Mucosal protection was greater with ingestion of sucralfate 300 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, than with 100 mg/kg. The intragastric pH was higher (p less than 0.001) in sucralfate treated groups at pH 3.9 and 6.5. This study provides evidence that sucralfate protects against mucosal injury at near neutral, as well as at acidic pH.
POTENTIATION OF THE T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO MITOGENS
Authors: Igal Gery, Richard K. Gershon, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Human and mouse lymphoid cells, stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide W (LPS), release supernatant factor(s) which are mitogenic for mouse thymocytes and which potentiate their responses to PHA or concanavalin A (Con A), The term LAF (lymphocyte-activating factor) is proposed for this activity. LAF not only enhances the mitotic responses of the less dense thymus subpopulations (A, B, and C) separable on discontinuous bovine serum albumin (BSA) gradients but also gives substantial responses in the otherwise inert cells of the denser fractions D and P. LAF does not exert a potentiating stimulatory effect on the responses of unfractionated mouse spleen cells, but does act synergistically with PHA on nonadherent spleen cells and on spleen cells of mice of several strains 5 days after irradiation and injection of thymocytes. Similarly LAF, which has no visible effect on unfractionated human peripheral blood cells, strongly potentiates the PHA response of column-purified lymphocytes, when these are cultured at low concentration. We conclude that LAF stimulates both central and peripheral T lymphocytes and enhances their responses to other stimulants.
Presynaptic Self-Depression at Developing Neocortical Synapses
Authors: Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno, Ana González-Rueda, Abhishek Banerjee, A. Louise Upton, Michael T. Craig, Ole Paulsen
Journal: Neuron (2013)

A central tenet of most theories of synaptic modification during cortical development is that correlated activity drives plasticity in synaptically connected neurons. Unexpectedly, however, using sensory-evoked activity patterns recorded from the developing mouse cortex in vivo, the synaptic learning rule that we uncover here relies solely on the presynaptic neuron. A burst of three presynaptic spikes followed, within a restricted time window, by a single presynaptic spike induces robust long-term depression (LTD) at developing layer 4 to layer 2/3 synapses. This presynaptic spike pattern-dependent LTD (p-LTD) can be induced by individual presynaptic layer 4 cells, requires presynaptic NMDA receptors and calcineurin, and is expressed presynaptically. However, in contrast to spike timing-dependent LTD, p-LTD is independent of postsynaptic and astroglial signaling. This spike pattern-dependent learning rule complements timing-based rules and is likely to play a role in the pruning of synaptic input during cortical development.
Activity of the Adenoviral E1A Deletion Mutant <i>dl</i>922-947 in Ovarian Cancer: Comparison with E1A Wild-type Viruses, Bioluminescence Monitoring, and Intraperitoneal Delivery in Icodextrin
Authors: Michelle Lockley, Mario Fernandez, Yaohe Wang, N. Fiona Li, Susan Conroy, Nicholas Lemoine, Iain McNeish
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The adenoviral mutant dl922-947 has potent activity in a variety of tumors. We investigated the efficacy of dl922-947 in ovarian carcinoma; compared its activity to wild-type adenovirus, dl309, and dl1520; and investigated the use of icodextrin to enhance activity in vivo. We also assessed the utility of luciferase bioluminescence imaging to quantify the response of human ovarian carcinoma xenografts to dl922-947. Ovarian carcinoma cell lines were transfected in vitro with dl922-947, adenovirus 5 wild-type (Ad5 WT), dl309, and dl1520 and monitored for S-phase induction, viral protein expression, replication, and overall survival. In vivo, the efficacy of dl922-947 when delivered in PBS or icodextrin to female nude mice bearing IGROV1 xenografts was determined. In vitro, dl922-947 induced lysis with greater efficacy than Ad5 WT, dl309, or dl1520 in all ovarian carcinoma cell lines tested, which was associated with earlier expression of viral proteins and S-phase induction. The lytic effect in immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells confirmed that cellular retinoblastoma pathway status is a strong determinant of dl922-947 activity. In vivo, i.p. delivery of dl922-947 (5 × 109 particles daily × 5) increased median survival from 20 to 96 days (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and delivery in icodextrin-enhanced survival further. However, delayed hepatic toxicity was evident in some dl922-947-treated mice, which was not dependent upon viral replication within tumor cells or the liver. dl922-947 has potency in ovarian carcinoma and i.p. delivery in icodextrin may enhance this activity. Immunocompetent models of ovarian carcinoma are required for further evaluation of hepatotoxicity. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 989-98)
TCT-504 Long Term Outcomes Among Patients With ‘False-positive’ STEMI Activations: A Report From The ACTIVATE-SF Registry
Authors: Tyson Turner, Ameya Kulkarni, Ehrin Armstrong, Kurt Hoffmayer, Prashant Bhave, John MacGregor, Priscilla Hsue, Peter Ganz, James McCabe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Membranous glomerulonephritis is a manifestation of IgG4-related disease
Authors: Mariam P. Alexander, Christopher P. Larsen, Ian W. Gibson, Samih H. Nasr, Sanjeev Sethi, Mary E Fidler, Yassaman Raissian, Naoki Takahashi, Suresh Chari, Thomas C. Smyrk, Lynn D. Cornell
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Two cases of severe hidradenitis suppurativa with failure of anakinra therapy
Authors: D. Menis, L. Maroñas-Jiménez, A.M. Delgado-Marquez, C. Postigo-Llorente, F. Vanaclocha-Sebastián
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

and are currently being edited and typeset. Readers should note that articles published below have been fully refereed, but have not been through the copy-editing and proof correction process. Wiley-Blackwell and the British Association of Dermatologists cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these articles; nor do the views and opinions expressed necessarily reflect those of Wiley-Blackwell or the British Association of Dermatologists This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Reply to Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch and Manfred P. Wirth's Letter to the Editor re: Roman Mayr, Matthias May, Thomas Martini, et al. Comorbidity and Performance Indices as Predictors of Cancer-Independent Mortality But Not of Cancer-Specific Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Eur Urol 2012;62:662–70
Authors: Roman Mayr, Matthias May, Hans-Martin Fritsche
Journal: European Urology (2012)
A Case of Rhinoscleroma
Authors: S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1886)

accumulation, was reported in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURTAL of April 10th ; a similar case has since come under my own care, a brief report of which may also prove of interest to some of the readers of the JOURNAL.My patient, a married lady, is also about 50 years of age.She has always been healthy, has had a family, and there is no trace of here- ditary tendency to mental disease.The duration of mental unsound-
Concerns mount over misuse of anaesthetic propofol among US health professionals
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Pressure is mounting in the United States for tighter curbs on access to the anaesthetic propofol, amid fears that a growing number of healthcare professionals are becoming addicted to it.

The drug has been implicated in the death of singer Michael Jackson, who died in June, after the Los Angeles coroner’s office said that “lethal levels” had been found in the singer’s body. Propofol, which has been licensed for use since 1986, is given intravenously to induce brief anaesthesia and is not generally available outside hospitals and clinics.

In July the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists warned that “abuse of …
THE LYSIS OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI BY EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES OF STREPTOMYCES ALBUS
Authors: Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Cell wall preparations of uniform chemical constitution have been obtained from several strains of group A streptococci. The isolated cell walls are dissolved by the same fractions of the Streptomyces albus enzymes that are effective in the lysis of intact cells, and it is likely that enzymatic lysis of group A streptococci is effected by an attack on the cell wall. The streptococcal cell wall, as prepared in this study, consists of approximately two-thirds carbohydrate and one-third protein. Small amounts of other components may be present. The carbohydrate component, which is composed primarily of N-acetyl-glucosamine and rhamnose, is the group-specific C carbohydrate. The evidence indicates that one of the streptomyces enzymes is directed toward the carbohydrate component of the cell wall.
Hypokalemia and Hypercalcemia
Authors: DAVID A. NARDONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Hypokalemia and HypercalcemiaDAVID A. NARDONE, M.D.DAVID A. NARDONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-270_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Aldinger and Samaan in their article "Hypokalemia with Hypercalcemia" (Ann Intern Med 87:571-573, 1977) demonstrate a higher prevalence of hypokalemia in the hypercalcemia of malignancy than in that of hyperparathyroidism. They postulate that this difference is due to decreased potassium intake either from the malignancy itself or associated chemotherapy as well as gastrointestinal losses. I suggest two additional mechanisms.The first is related to the metabolic effects of parathormone (1). Parathormone promotes renal bicarbonate wasting, renal reabsorption of hydrogen ion, and production of organic acids. As a consequence, in hypercalcemia from primary hyperparathyroidism there is a tendency...References1. BARZEL U: The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Ann Intern Med 76:825-826, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LJUNGGRENIKKOSLUFT HDR: Studies on body composition. III. Body fluid compartments and exchangeable potassium in females with anorexia nervosa. ATA Endocrinol (Kbh) 25:209-223, 1957 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. KASSIRERHARRINGTON JJ: Diuretics and potassium metabolism: a reassessment of the need, effectiveness and safety of potassium therapy. Kidney Int 11:505-515, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. HEINEMANN H: Metabolic alkalosis in patients with hypercalcemia. Metabolism 14:1137-1152, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CRUMBMARTINEZ-MALDONADOEKNOYANSUKI CMGW: Effects of volume expansion, purified parathyroid extract, and calcium on renal bicarbonate absorption in the dog. J Clin Invest 54:1287-1294, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2Page: 270-270KeywordsAcidsBicarbonatesChemotherapyHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismParathyroid hormonePotassium Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sequential randomised and double blind trial of promethazine prophylaxis against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom for bothrops snake bites
Authors: H. W. Fan, L. F Marcopito, J. L. C Cardoso, F. O S Franca, C. M S Malaque, R. A Ferrari, R. D. G Theakston, D. A Warrell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To investigate the efficacy of the H1 antihistamine promethazine against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom.Sequential randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.Public hospital in a venom research institute, São Paulo, Brazil.101 patients requiring antivenom treatment after being bitten by bothrops snakes.Intramuscular injection of promethazine (25 mg for adults and 0.5/kg for children) or placebo given 15-20 min before starting intravenous infusion of antivenom.Incidence and severity of anaphylactic reactions occurring within 24 hours after antivenom.Reactions occurred in 12 of 49 patients treated with promethazine (24%) and in 13 of 52 given placebo (25%); most were mild or moderate. Continuous sequential analysis indicated that the study could be interrupted at the 22nd untied pair, without preference for promethazine or placebo.Prophylaxis with promethazine does not prevent early reactions. Patients should be observed carefully during antivenom infusion and the subsequent few hours.
Spinal Bone Loss and Ovulatory Disturbances
Authors: Jerilynn C. Prior, Yvette M. Vigna, Martin T. Schechter, Arthur E. Burgess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Osteoporosis develops in women with estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea who lose bone at an accelerated rate. It Is not known to what extent bone loss differs between ovulatory women with regular menstrual cycles who are training intensely and those who are sedentary.
Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are equally effective in correcting insulin resistance
Authors: David Benaiges, Juana A. Flores Le-Roux, Juan Pedro-Botet, Juan J. Chillarón, Marine Renard, Alejandra Parri, José M. Ramón, Manuel Pera, Alberto Goday
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Glycogen Concentration in Working and Nonworking Ventricles of Isolated Dog Hearts
Authors: L. A. JEDEIKIN, N. M. BUCKLEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Glycogen utilization in working and nonworking ventricles was studied at high (over 70 mg/100 ml) and low (27 to 61 mg/100 ml) arterial glucose concentrations and after insulin or epinephrine addition in 16 isolated ventricle preparations of dog hearts. Coronary perfusion and hemodynamic determinants of right ventricular work were controlled, and the left ventricle was kept unloaded. Time courses of change in ventricular glycogen concentration were determined during monitoring of heart rate, workload, arterial oxygen saturation, and coronary perfusion pressure. Epicardial samples for glycogen analysis were taken from each ventricle, and glucose uptake from circulating blood was determined. Glycogen loss was greater in working right than in nonworking left ventricles. In spontaneously fibrillating hearts, this difference was not observed, and there was greater glycogenolysis than during coordinated contraction. Insulin administration early in experiments led to equivalent glycogen loss in working right and nonworking left ventricles. There was glycogen preservation in both ventricles of fibrillating hearts. Epinephrine augmented glycogen loss in fibrillating hearts; depletion was never complete. Myocardial glucose uptake, corrected for red cell glycolysis, was proportional to initial arterial glucose concentration.
Acid Instillation Enhances the Inflammatory Response to Subsequent Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Rats
Authors: HIROSHI YAMADA, HIROSHI MIYAZAKI, TATSUAKI KIKUCHI, JUNICHI FUJIMOTO, ICHIDAI KUDOH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Aspiration of gastric contents is one of leading causes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of acid aspiration-induced acute lung injury is well understood. Less clear is why patients who have suffered acid aspiration are susceptible to ARDS. We studied the effects of acid instillation on the inflammatory response to subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in rats. Instillation of acid into the right lung worsened the pathology induced by LPS that was administered 24 h after acid instillation. This included worsened oxygenation, increased pulmonary edema, increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, neutrophil accumulation and mobilization to the alveolar spaces, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Of interest, neutrophil mobilization, NO production, and protein permeability were also magnified in the left lung. These effects were attenuated by administration of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin AG556. These data suggest that acid instillation primes the rat to enhance the inflammatory response to subsequent endotoxin challenge and that at least part of the augmented inflammatory response depends on PTK.
In situ microdialysis in bone tissue. Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 release by weight-bearing mechanical loading.
Authors: K Thorsen, A O Kristoffersson, U H Lerner, R P Lorentzon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

In this study we describe, to our knowledge, the first experiment using the microdialysis technique for studying the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the proximal tibia metaphysis secondary to mechanical loading. Nine healthy females, six in the loading group and three controls, mean age 34+/-2 (years+/-SEM), participated. A standard microdialysis catheter was inserted into the tibia metaphyseal bone under local anesthesia. Samplings were done every 15 min under a 2-h equilibration period. Thereafter, heel-drops (one impact per second) with as hard impact of the heels into the floor as possible, were done for 5 min by the subjects in the loading group. The control group performed no exercise. Sampling continued after this for another 2-h period. Basal levels of PGE2 in the proximal tibial metaphysis were determined to a mean of 45+/-10 pg/ml (mean+/-SEM, n = 6). The major finding was a 2.5-3.5-fold increase in the release of PGE2 after mechanical loading. The increase was statistically significant (P < 0.05 compared with basal levels) 1 h after the mechanical loading and persisted for the rest of the experimental period. No major alterations were observed in the control group. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in situ microdialysis is a useful method for studying the PGE2 production in human bone. Furthermore, a rapid and significant increase in PGE2 levels was noticed in response to dynamic mechanical loading.
Brucella Abortus Endocarditis
Authors: F. D. Hart, A. Morgan, B. Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEIA of each case.Such a comparison is urgently required and should be undertaken in centre6 where there is an established routine for treating neonatal asphyxia, and where.enough cases of this variable condition occur, so that treated cases and controls can be studied. SummaryAn instrument is described which is capable of perform- ing artificial resuscitation when electrodes are applied to the neck over the site of the phrenic nerve.Experiments on the treatment of asphyxia neonatorum are described together with appropriate case histories taken from 29 sub- jects.Results are given which show the method to be promising and the line for further experiments is suggested.This work has been possible only because of the kind co-opera- tion of many people, as our appointments carry no clinical responsibilities.Post-mortem examinations of most of the cases at the Rotunda Hospital were made by Dr. J. H. D. Widdes and the pathological material was examined by Professor W. D. Newcomb and Dr. D. M. Pryce, to all of whom we are very grateful.We would also like to thank the Medical Committees of the.English
The Oxfordshire mental handicap register.
Authors: D Elliott, J M Jackson, J P Graves
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A total of 2027 moderately or severely mentally handicapped people in Oxfordshire considered likely to require special services at some time have been identified for the Oxfordshire Mental Handicap Register. Prevalence rates for those aged 5 to 14 years are estimated to be 3.9 per 1000 home population and 4.14 per 1000 total population when hospital residents are included. Entry criteria are less strict than in other registers, however, and people are identified by general practitioners, health visitors, and hospital staff as well as through the more usual sources. The register is already proving useful when planning and providing services to those in need.
RELATION BETWEEN THE VIRULENCE OF STREPTOCOCCI AND HEMOLYSIN
Authors: Franklin A. Stevens, John W. S. Brady, Randolph West
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Strains of streptococci whose virulence has been increased for any one species of animal do not produce greater concentrations of hemolysin than the original strain. Furthermore, there is a tendency for the original culture to grow more rapidly than the more pathogenic form, and to reach the height of hemolysin production at an earlier stage during the growth of the culture. These conclusions can probably be applied only to experiments in which the serum used in the media is from some species not employed for the animal passages.