tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply: Calcium Intake and Kidney Stones in Women
Authors: Gary C. Curhan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 November 1997Reply: Calcium Intake and Kidney Stones in WomenGary C. Curhan, MD, ScD and Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPHGary C. Curhan, MD, ScDHarvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this author and Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPHHarvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Compared with nonusers, women in our study who took calcium supplements had a modest but statistically significant increase in the risk for kidney stones (relative risk, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.41]). This increase in risk is nearly identical to our findings among men [1]; in men who had calcium supplement intake greater than 500 mg/d, the relative risk compared with nonusers was 1.23 (CI, 0.84 to 1.79). The point estimates in all three dosage categories were similar; in the highest intake group, the relative risk was 1.21 (CI, 0.96 to 1.52) compared with nonusers. Although this apparent ...References1. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:833-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gary C. Curhan, MD, ScD; Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPHAffiliations: Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 9Page: 846KeywordsCalciumCarbonatesExcretionFoodGastrointestinal tractKidney stonesRelative risk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Arteriovenous shunts in the human spleen
Authors: Marion I. Barnhart, Charles A. Baechler, Jeanne M. Lusher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract The mission of this study was to determine whether or not arteriovenous connections, indicative of a “closed” type of circulation, existed in the human spleen. Spleens from four patients requiring therapeutic splenectomy were the basis for this report. Scanning electron microscopy of plastic corrosion casts, prepared from these four spleens, revealed direct vascular conduits between splenic pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and the venous sinuses in the red pulp. Also demonstrated were a few arteriovenous shunts between pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and pulp or trabecular veins. Inclusion of sized microspheres in low‐viscosity perfusion plastic illustrated that some diameters of the connecting shunts were 7‐10 μm, with other shunts even smaller. Not only do arteriovenous connections exist in human spleens, but their frequency, as revealed by methods accentuating three‐dimensional aspects of the splenic microcirculation, justify future reconsiderations of the functional significance of this closed type of circulation. Examination of samples of the same intact spleens, prepared by freeze‐fracture and conventional critical‐point drying, also revealed an “open” type circulation structure, namely, pore‐patterned sinus walls that could facilitate blood cell movement from pulp cords into venous sinuses. Scanning electron microscopy thus has provided direct evidence that human spleens have both “open” and “closed” circulatory pathways in their microvasculature.
Subthreshold Grid Laser Treatment of Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Micropulse Infrared (810 Nanometer) Diode Laser
Authors: Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Sonela Spasse, Pierluigi Iacono, Giuseppe Di Stefano, Tiziana Canziani, Giuseppe Ravalico
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Abstract 2317: Mild hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes to improve chemotherapy delivery to solid tumors
Authors: Li Li, Timo L.M. ten Hagen, Debby Schipper, Ann L.B. Seynhaeve, Gerard van Rhoon, Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Lars H. Lindner, Dieter Haemmerich, Gerben A. Koning
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Long circulating liposomes are potent nanocarriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors. These liposomes can extravasate through leaky tumor microvasculature, and accumulate in the intratumoral space. However, inefficient drug release impairs efficacy, and hinders a successful application. Local hyperthermia (HT) can augment drug bioavailability and treatment efficacy by enhancing tumor vessel leakage for intratumoral liposomal drug accumulation, and triggering drug release from thermosensitive liposomes (TSL). Our study explored the thermal dose to maximize the permeability of tumor microvasculature for liposome extravasation and sequentially trigger drug release from the TSL in a two-step approach. We have optimized long-circulating TSL to improve content release efficiency under mild HT (Li et al. J Control Release 143(2):274-9, 2010). Doxorubicin (Dox) at a quenching concentration was encapsulated in TSL. In vitro temperature/time-dependent content release and TSL stability in serum were quantified by fluorometry. In vivo liposome extravasation was studied in dorsal skin flap window chamber models implanted with murine B16 melanoma, LLC carcinoma, BFS-1 sarcoma, and human BLM melanoma tumors in mice with constitutive vascular endothelial cell expression of an eNOS-Tag-GFP fusion protein using confocal microscopy. In vivo Dox release was observed in the same window chamber models. Mild HT induced a significant amount of liposome extravasation through tumor microvasculature, and intratumoral accumulation in the interstitial space in all tumor models. Minimum thermal dose of 41 °C for 30 min is required to open up tumor vessels. The permeability of tumor vessels increased over time with increasing thermal dose to 41 °C for 1 hr, and vasculature remained leaky for up to 8 hr post-HT. Increased permeability was not observed in heated normal vasculature or in non-heated tumor vasculature. Optimized Dox-TSL were stable at 37 °C and demonstrated efficient in vitro and in vivo drug release at 42 °C. Rapid intratumoral distribution of released Dox and delivery into tumor cells was observed, demonstrating strongly improved drug bioavailability. The superior application of TSL and mild HT will achieve both maximal intratumoral liposomal drug accumulation and rapid triggered drug release to aid liposomal chemotherapy in clinical practice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2317. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2317
Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: James T. Ettien
Journal: JAMA (1988)

As more and more patients are successfully treated for primary malignancy, surgeons are more and more confronted with the challenge of metastatic and recurrent malignancy. With the controversy surrounding the role of surgery in metastatic cancer, any text that organizes and clarifies the subject is welcome. This text is edited by Steven Rosenberg, MD, PhD, chief of surgery at the National Cancer Institute. There are nine contributors, the majority from the National Institutes of Health. The first of seven chapters is a tightly written overview of the biologic behavior of cancer that leads to metastases. This is necessarily written at the cellular and molecular level and brings to the reader the current state of knowledge in coherent form. The next four chapters detail the two discrete organs most commonly encountered in metastatic disease: the lungs and the liver. The tight organization of the text is continued here—a chapter on the
A CRITERION OF HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL SCURVY
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. The degree of scorbutic change in the vessels of animals with experimental scurvy can be roughly measured by establishing the amount of negative pressure required to produce petechial hemorrhages in the skin. 2. The test shows that the hemorrhagic diathesis in experimental scurvy develops earlier than any other known sign of the disease and that it persists in some degree throughout. 3. The response of the blood vessels to the administration of antiscorbutic substances is extremely rapid as shown by the test, but it varies with the amount of antiscorbutic given and its method of administration. 4. The changes in the resistance of the vessels follows a curve which rises towards recovery during the end of the 1st week on a scorbutic diet, reaches a peak in the 2nd week and then falls steadily during the remainder of the course of the disease. This indicates that the course of the disease is not constant and progressive. 5. The test may have clinical value in the diagnosis of scurvy.
Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C isoforms are critical to estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis in the rat
Authors: Fernando A. Crocenzi, Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi, María Laura Ruiz, Andrés E. Zucchetti, Marcelo G. Roma, Aldo D. Mottino, Mary Vore
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract The endogenous estradiol metabolite estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide (E217G) induces an acute cholestasis in rat liver coincident with retrieval of the canalicular transporters bile salt export pump (Bsep, Abcc11) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) and their associated loss of function. We assessed the participation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C isoforms (cPKC) in the cholestatic manifestations of E217G in perfused rat liver (PRL) and in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (IRHCs). In PRL, E217G (2 μmol/liver; intraportal, single injection) maximally decreased bile flow, total glutathione, and [3H] taurocholate excretion by 61%, 62%, and 79%, respectively; incorporation of the specific cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 (500 nM) in the perfusate almost totally prevented these decreases. In dose-response studies using IRHC, E217G (3.75–800 μM) decreased the canalicular vacuolar accumulation of the Bsep substrate cholyl-lysylfluorescein with an IC50 of 54.9 ± 7.9 μM. Gö6976 (1 μM) increased the IC50 to 178.4 ± 23.1 μM, and similarly prevented the decrease in the canalicular vacuolar accumulation of the Mrp2 substrate, glutathione methylfluorescein. Prevention of these changes by Gö6976 coincided with complete protection against E217G-induced retrieval of Bsep and Mrp2 from the canalicular membrane, as detected both in the PRL and IRHC. E217G also increased paracellular permeability in IRHC, which was only partially prevented by Gö6976. The cPKC isoform PKCα, but not the Ca2+-independent PKC isoform, PKCε, translocated to the plasma membrane after E217G administration in primary cultured rat hepatocytes; Gö6976 completely prevented this translocation, thus indicating specific activation of cPKC. This is consistent with increased autophosphorylation of cPKC by E217G, as detected via western blotting. Conclusion: Our findings support a central role for cPKC isoforms in E217G-induced cholestasis, by inducing both transporter retrieval from the canalicular membrane and opening of the paracellular route. (Hepatology 2008;48:1885-1895.)
Abstract 2218: Genomic characterisation of 1015 cancer cell-lines
Authors: Graham R. Bignell, Francesco Iorio, Andrew Futreal, Michael R. Stratton, Peter Campbell, Ultan McDermott
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Over the last twenty years there has been a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, moving away from the cytotoxic effects of chemicals targeting all cells going through cell division to a more targeted approach aimed at inactivating specific cellular components upon which the cancers rely to drive cell growth, a process termed oncogene addiction. The ‘poster child’ for such therapies is ‘imatinib' a small molecule inhibitor of ABL kinase activity targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein in CML. We present the genomic characterisation of 1015 cancer cell lines currently being used as reagents in a high-throughput screen of anti-cancer agents. Future analysis combining these genomic and drug resistance data will aid in identifying the underlying genetics of drug sensitivity and allow for identification of biomarkers with which to stratify patients, identifying those most likely to respond to specific cancer therapies. To characterise the cell lines we performed exome sequencing and copy number analysis. Since most cell lines are unmatched we screened out germline variants by comparison to ∼8000 normal exomes, giving a set of ∼500,000 putative somatic non-synonymous variants. To reduce the ‘genetic space’ for the subsequent downstream correlation to drug response data we further filtered the variants to identify those most likely to have a functional effect or contribute to carcinogenesis. Two such filters were applied, the ‘Functional Analysis through Hidden Markov Models’ (FATHMM) algorithm and a series of checks identifying recurrence of variants in the ‘systematic screening data' held in the COSMIC database. Application of these filters reduced the number of variants to be taken forward to ∼115,000 and 30,000 respectively. The variant data for the cancer cell lines is available via the COSMIC web portal. Citation Format: Graham R. Bignell, Francesco Iorio, Andrew Futreal, Michael R. Stratton, Peter Campbell, Ultan McDermott. Genomic characterisation of 1015 cancer cell-lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2218
The Effects of Sucrose, Fructose, and High-Fructose Corn Syrup Meals on Plasma Glucose and Insulin in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Suat Akgün, Norman H Ertel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

We have previously shown that fructose and sorbitol given with a standard meal cause less increment in plasma glucose than sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in patients with NIDDM. However, there was no direct comparison of sucrose with HFCS. Sixteen men and one woman aged 54–67) with NIDDM were given either 35 g sucrose, 35 g fructose, or 43.75 g HFCS containing 35 g carbohydrate as part of a 400-calorie test meal. Blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals up to 3 h and were analyzed for glucose and insulin. As compared with a fructose meal, the mean increment in plasma glucose (ΔPG) after a sucrose meal was significantly higher at 45 min and after an HFCS meal it was significantly higher at 30 and 45 min, but sucrose and HFCS meals did not differ. When delta PGs were compared in nine patients with basal PG &amp;gt; 140 mg/dl and in eight patients with basal PG &amp;lt; 140 mg/dl, differences in ΔPG after sucrose and HFCS versus fructose meals became more significant but still did not differ from each other. The integrated total areas under the ΔPG curves after sucrose, HFCS, and fructose meals were not statistically different. However, the areas under the curves up to 90 min after sucrose and HFCS meals, which did not differ, were greater than the fructose meal. The mean delta IRI after sucrose meals was markedly elevated at 45, 60, and 75 min (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and after HFCS meals at 45 min as compared with fructose meals. There was no significant difference in the mean AIRI between sucrose and HFCS meals. This study shows that sucrose and HFCS cause greater increments of PG than fructose in patients with NIDDM, but do not differ from each other. Thus, even though HFCS is less expensive than fructose, its effect on plasma glucose and insulin is not different from that of sucrose, and we cannot confirm on a scientific basis a useful function for HFCS in diets for persons with diabetes. Also, diabetic patients with higher basal PG (i.e., &amp;gt; 140 mg/dl) show similar increase in PG whether they are given sucrose, HFCS, or fructose meals. Therefore, fructose has potential value only in patients with mild diabetes mellitus.
A Checklist-Based Intervention to Improve Surgical Outcomes in Michigan
Authors: Bradley N. Reames, Robert W. Krell, Darrell A. Campbell, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Previous studies of checklist-based quality improvement interventions have reported mixed results.To evaluate whether implementation of a checklist-based quality improvement intervention--Keystone Surgery--was associated with improved outcomes in patients in a large statewide population undergoing general surgery.A retrospective longitudinal study examined surgical outcomes in 64,891 Michigan patients in 29 hospitals using Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative clinical registry data from 2006 through 2010. Multivariable logistic regression and difference-in-differences analytic approaches were used to evaluate whether Keystone Surgery program implementation was associated with improved surgical outcomes following general surgery procedures, apart from existing temporal trends toward improved outcomes during the study period.Risk-adjusted rates of superficial surgical site infection, wound complication, any complication, and 30-day mortality.Implementation of Keystone Surgery in 14 participating centers was not associated with improvements in surgical outcomes during the study period. Adjusted rates of superficial surgical site infection (3.2% vs 3.2%, P=.91), wound complication (5.9% vs 6.5%, P=.30), any complication (12.4% vs 13.2%, P=.26), and 30-day mortality (2.1% vs 1.9%, P=.32) at participating hospitals were similar before and after implementation. Difference-in-differences analysis accounting for trends in 15 nonparticipating centers and sensitivity analysis excluding patients receiving surgery in the first 6 or 12 months after program implementation yielded similar results.Implementation of a checklist-based quality improvement intervention did not affect rates of adverse surgical outcomes among patients undergoing general surgery in participating Michigan hospitals. Additional research is needed to understand why this program was not successful prior to further dissemination and implementation of this model to other populations.
Laparoscopic Findings in Asymptomatic Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: H. Kakimoto, S. Kawata, Y. Imai, G. Kiyonaga, S. Tarui
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Peritoneoscopy as an Aid in Intravenous Injection of Indocyanine Green (ICG)Endoscopy 1985; 17(04): 149-152DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018486
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 acts upstream of myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2a to control embryonic cardiac contractility☆
Authors: Y WANG, L QIAN, D LIU, L YAO, Q JIANG, Z YU, Y GUI, T ZHONG, H SONG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Cardiac contractility is regulated tightly as an extrinsic and intrinsic homeostatic mechanism to the heart. The molecular basis of the intrinsic system is largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) mediates embryonic cardiac contractility upstream of myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A).The BMP-2 and MEF2A expression pattern was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, whole-mount in situ hybridization, and an in vivo transgenic approach. The cardiac phenotype of BMP-2 and MEF2A knock-down zebrafish embryos was analysed. Cardiac contractions were recorded with a video camera. Myofibrillar organization was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Gene expression profiles were performed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis.We demonstrate that BMP-2 and MEF2A are co-expressed in embryonic and neonatal cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, we provide evidence that BMP-2 is required for cardiac contractility in vitro and in vivo and that MEF2A expression can be activated by BMP-2 signaling in neonatal cardiomyocytes. BMP-2 is involved in the assembly of the cardiac contractile apparatus. Finally, we find that exogenous MEF2A is sufficient to rescue ventricular contractility defects in the absence of BMP-2 function.In all, these observations indicate that BMP-2 and MEF2A are key components of a pathway that controls the cardiac ventricular contractility and suggest that the BMP2-MEF2A pathway can offer new opportunities for the treatment of heart failure.
Aberrant right posterior hepatic duct opening into the cystic duct: a very rarely seen biliary anatomic variation
Authors: Nuretdin Suna, Selçuk Dişibeyaz, Ufuk Kuzu, Mahmut Yüksel, Hakan Yıldız, Ertuğrul Kayaçetin
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Embryological development of the biliary tract is a complex process and may result in various anatomic variations. The classification commonly used in the literature for the assessment of biliary tract variations, was developed by Huang et al. [1]. This classification has five types ([Table 1]) based on the point of opening of the right posterior branch [2]. In this case study of a patient who was undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat choledocholithiasis, we present a right posterior hepatic duct opening into the cystic duct (Huang type A5), which is a biliary anatomic variation that is very rarely seen.
Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning From Gasoline Sniffing
Authors: Richard O. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In two cases of organic lead poisoning due to habitual gasoline sniffing, one patient had temporary hypomania and recovered with treatment, while the other patient (who died) had signs of severe CNS and peripheral nervous system, muscle, hepatic, and renal damage. In addition he had features of long-term inorganic lead poisoning. This and the response of both cases to chelating agents suggest that organic lead is degraded in vivo to inorganic lead.
MAO ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO DEPRESSION
Authors: AARON FELDSTEIN, HUDSON HOAGLAND, KEITH KAM-KIM WONG, MILAGROS RIVERA OKTEM, HARRY FREEMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Serotonin-C14 was administered orally to 22 depressed patients and 22 normal subjects. The recovery of 5-HIAA-C14 calculated on the basis of administered serotonin-C14 and adjusted for variations in total carbon-14 recovery showed no significant difference between the groups. It was concluded that MAO and aldehyde de-hydrogenase functioned normally in the depressed patients within the limitations imposed by the method.
Poliomyelitis in a Nursery School in Glasgow
Authors: W. J. Patterson, E. J. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1963)

to respond to type 2 also; the third infant not responding to type I had failed to become infected by this type, whereas he gave good responses to types 2 and 3, with which he had been infected.The third infant failing to respond to type 2 responded to types 1 and 3, and the single infant not responding to type 3, which had failed to infect, gave good responses to types 1 and 2, which had infected.In general, gut infection was associated with antibody response, but in some (notably in relation to type 1) a good response was obtained in infants from whom virus was not isolated.This discrepancy is most likely due to the small number of faecal samples taken and failure to isolate virus from short-lived infections. SummaryGood antibody responses were obtained to all three virus types in 25 of 30 3-months-old infants who were given three doses of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine at six-weeks intervals.The remaining five infants gave good antibody responses to one or two of the virus types.The few infants who failed to respond were among those with the highest antibody titres before immuniza- tion.It is possible that, in these, maternal antibody had masked but not inhibited response; this question can be resolved only when the response to a booster dose given six to nine months later is known.If it proves to be satisfactory it will be possible to offer quadruple antigens in the form of either D.T.P. (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine) + Salk vaccine or D.T.P. + oral trivalent Sabin vaccine, for routine immunization start- ing at 3 months of age.Our thanks are due to Dr. R.