tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to Vasopressin in Patients with Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: TAMARA J. VOKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine whether antibodies to vasopressin play a role in the development of diabetes insipidus or interfere with diagnosis and treatment. Design: Random plasma or serum samples for determining of antibodies to vasopressin were collected from patients and controls. Setting: Referral university hospital with most patients studied in the clinical research center. Patients: Twenty-nine healthy controls and 113 patients with polyuria (15 with primary polydipsia; 86 with neurogenic diabetes insipidus [60 studied before, 28 during, and 10 after antidiuretic hormone treatment]; and 12 with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). Interventions: Antibodies were detected by incubating samples with radiolabeled 125l-arginine vasopressin. The effect of antibodies on diagnosis was studied by examining the relation of plasma vasopressin to osmolality measured during dehydration or infusion of hypertonic saline and the relation of urine osmolality to plasma vasopressin measured during dehydration. Measurements and Main Results: Antibodies to vasopressin were not detected in patients with primary polydipsia, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, or neurogenic diabetes insipidus studied before therapy with antidiuretic hormone. Antibodies were detected in 6 of 28 patients studied during such treatments. All 6 patients reported decreased antidiuretic response to previously effective therapy with arginine or lysine vasopressin but had normal response to desmopressin or chlorpropamide. Conclusion: Diabetes insipidus does not result from spontaneously occurring antibodies to vasopressin. The antibodies occasionally develop during treatment with antidiuretic hormone and, when they do, almost always result in secondary resistance to its antidiuretic effect. Antibodies usually do not impair the response to other forms of therapy; they only rarely interfere with the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, by falsely suggesting the presence of the partial nephrogenic form.
INTRADERMAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE TREATMENT OF PSORIATIC NAIL DYSTROPHY WITH PORT-O-JET
Authors: J.J. Bleeker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article INTRADERMAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE TREATMENT OF PSORIATIC NAIL DYSTROPHY WITH PORT‐O‐JET Get access J.J. Bleeker J.J. Bleeker Dermatology Department, Gerneral Hospital, Lidköping and Skävde, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 4, 1 April 1975, Page 479, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03112.x Published: 01 April 1975
Irreversibility of the Defect in Glycogen Synthase Activity in Skeletal Muscle From Obese Patients With NIDDM Treated With Diet and Metformin
Authors: Peter Damsbo, Leif S Hermann, Allan Vaag, Ole Hother-Nielsen, Henning Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To assess the reversibility of the defect in glycogen synthase (GS) activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with NIDDM treated with a hypocaloric diet and metformin.Eighteen obese patients newly diagnosed with NIDDM were included in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind parallel group trial and followed for 3 months. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp including indirect calorimetry and biopsy of m. vastus lateralis was performed before and after treatment with a hypocaloric diet plus metformin or placebo. The patients were studied at basal, low, and high insulin concentrations.The impaired GS activity in muscle biopsies was not reversed either by acute normalization of glycemia (for 8 h) or by chronic reduction of hyperglycemia by diet plus metformin. In both treatment groups, comparable effects on glycemic control and weight loss were found together with marked insulin suppression of nonesterified fatty acids and increased glucose oxidation. Total glucose disposal at euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp increased significantly in the metformin group by 25% at high insulin level (259 +/- 31 vs. 207 +/- 21 mg x m(-2) x min(-1), P < 0.05). An insignificant increase by 13% was found in the placebo group. There were no significant changes in nonoxidative glucose metabolism. GS activity and glucose utilization showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups when regression coefficients, expressed as incremental changes by increments of insulin, were compared.Defective GS activity in obese NIDDM patients is not secondary to hyperglycemia. Metformin and diet had no significant influence on GS activity. The added effect of metformin to that of a hypocaloric diet in improving insulin-stimulated glucose utilization is marginal when blood glucose reduction is obtained by weight loss.
TEMPORAL CHANGES IN CARDIAC MOLECULAR EVENTS AND BIOMARKERS FOLLOWING DE NOVO CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Michel White, John Kobashigawa, Bernard Cantin, Haissam Haddad, Heather Ross, Michel Carrier, Peter Pflugfelder, Debra Isaac, Renzo Cecere, Lucette Whittom, Imtiaz Ali, Shao-Hua Wang, Rhian M. Touyz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Echocardiographic diagnosis of ruptured aortic valve leaflet in bacterial endocarditis.
Authors: J Ramirez, J Guardiola, N C Flowers
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Aortic valve rupture, secondary to aortic valve endocarditis, was diagnosed echocardiographically and closely followed preoperatively. The ruptured left coronary cusp of the aortic valve was seen as dense irregular echoes, located anteriorly during ventricular diastole, and protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract in an otherwise normally appearing aortic valve. These echocardiographic findings, when correlated with changes in the clinical status of the patient, prompted immediate cardiac catheterization and aortic valve replacement. Early echocardiographic detection of abnormal aortic cusps and variation from normal aortic root echo features should alert the physician to proceed to cardiac catheterization, and aortic valve replacement if necessary.
The Transmission of AIDS: The Case of the Infected Cell
Authors: Jay A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CURRENT approaches to preventing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have focused on the retrovirus itself. However, biologic and epidemiologic studies of HIV and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) indicate that more emphasis should be placed on the virus-infected cell. Several groups of researchers<sup>1-10</sup>have demonstrated the presence of HIV in many different hematopoietic cells, including T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, as See also p 3023. well as in cells (macrophages and endothelial and glial cells) of the brain. These infected cells can survive and serve as reservoirs (factories) for continual virus production and spread. When found in body fluids, they can transfer the infection to other individuals. T-helper lymphocytes generally die after HIV infection,<sup>1-4</sup>but some can replicate HIV to high titer in culture without undergoing cell death.<sup>11</sup>Thus, they too could serve as a source of virus transmission. In studies from our laboratory,
Comprehensive model of transport and metabolism of adenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the guinea pig heart.
Authors: K Kroll, A Deussen, I R Sweet
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Regulation of blood flow and mitochondrial respiration in the heart would be clarified by improved knowledge of interstitial concentrations and cellular production rates of adenosine; however, these variables cannot be measured directly. To interpret indexes that are available, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed, based on a large body of experimental data. The model describes most of the important pathways of capillary-tissue transport and cellular metabolism of adenosine in the guinea pig heart. It includes capillary flow, solute transport between tissue regions, nonlinear enzyme kinetics for adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase, and reversible biunireactant kinetics for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, intracellular production of adenosine via AMP hydrolysis and transmethylation, and extracellular production of adenosine. A single set of parameter values for the model was obtained in the first stage of the analysis by taking certain values directly from published sources, other values were subject to specific constraints, and other values were determined by parameter optimization. The effects of flow and endothelial metabolism on the relation between interstitial and venous adenosine concentrations were determined. The relation between myocardial adenosine production rate and S-adenosylhomocysteine accumulation in the presence of excess homocysteine was estimated. In the second stage of the analysis, the model was used to investigate the mechanism of myocardial adenosine production, without changing the parameter values. Cellular adenosine production rates were estimated by fitting measurements of venous adenosine release obtained during altered energetic conditions in experiments by different investigators. The original results showed a dissociation between measurements of cytosolic AMP concentrations and venous adenosine release. It is concluded that 1) it is essential to account for the effect of flow on interstitial and venous adenosine concentrations, since decreased flow may produce effects outwardly resembling inhibition of the enzyme 5'-nucleotidase, 2) adenosine concentrations in epicardial transudate are not in equilibrium with interstitial fluid, and 3) the rate of cellular adenosine production increases monotonically with free cytosolic concentrations of AMP during a variety of alterations in energy balance of the guinea pig heart.
Prevention of Restenosis After Angioplasty in Small Coronary Arteries With Probucol
Authors: Josep Rodés, Gilles Côté, Jacques Lespérance, Martial G. Bourassa, Serge Doucet, Luc Bilodeau, Olivier F. Bertrand, François Harel, Richard Gallo, Jean-Claude Tardif
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Restenosis remains the major limitation of coronary angioplasty. Coronary stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis in selected patients with relatively large vessels. No strategies to date have demonstrated a beneficial effect in vessels &lt; 3.0 mm in diameter. We have shown in the MultiVitamins and Probucol (MVP) Trial that probucol, a potent antioxidant, reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the benefit of probucol therapy is maintained in the subgroup of patients with smaller coronary vessels. Methods and Results —We studied a subgroup of 189 patients included in the MVP trial who underwent successful balloon angioplasty of at least one coronary segment with a reference diameter &lt; 3.0 mm. One month before angioplasty, patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo, probucol (500 mg), multivitamins (beta-carotene 30 000 IU, vitamin C 500 mg, and vitamin E 700 IU), or probucol plus multivitamins twice daily. The treatment was maintained until follow-up angiography was performed at 6 months. The mean reference diameter of this study population was 2.49±0.34 mm. Lumen loss was 0.12±0.34 mm for probucol, 0.25±0.43 mm for the combined treatment, 0.35±0.56 mm for vitamins, and 0.38±0.51 mm for placebo ( P =.005 for probucol). Restenosis rates per segment were 20.0% for probucol, 28.6% for the combined treatment, 45.1% for vitamins, and 37.3% for placebo ( P =.006 for probucol). Conclusions —Probucol reduces lumen loss and restenosis rate after balloon angioplasty in small coronary arteries.
SARS changed medical dress code
Authors: Peter K K Au-Yeung
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation GMC member respondsEditor-Esmail and Kmietowicz give an inaccurate account of the General Medical Council's policy development on revalidation, ignoring an iterative process with interested parties since 1998 in an attempt to introduce the most fundamental change to medical regulation since its foundation in 1858. 1 2 The GMC clearly has had regard to the legitimate interests of three principal groups-government and the NHS, patients and the public, and the various tribes that make up the UK medical profession.Despite suggestions to the contrary, an initial exploratory meeting on revalidation convened by Sir Donald Irvine in June 1998 was held in the context of a high profile professional conduct case, but well before the Bristol inquiry report and absolutely nothing to do with Rodney Ledward or, indeed, Harold Shipman.It was recognised then that some doctors were not keeping fully up to date nor were they indulging in reflective practice.Irvine correctly proposed that there was a need to make registration with the GMC more meaningful to the public than a mere recognition that doctors had reached a certain standard of professional knowledge in their early 20s.Both articles promote the idea that the doctors' regulator should be filling the vacuum within the NHS created by its failing to fulfil its public responsibility to monitor doctors' clinical standards.Clinical governance is now, slowly, being developed and eventually will extend from systems and teams to individuals-but is it reasonable, as both authors postulate, that such monitoring should become the financial and moral responsibility of the GMC sitting in London and Manchester rather than local managers at the coalface?Although revalidation is a continuing process, it becomes summative only every five years.The NHS and its local systems must not be allowed to abrogate their responsibility for the safety of patients on a day to day basis.Nor should they demand that the GMC and its prime function of assuring fitness to practise and the meaning of the medical register be inappropriately promoted as the first line of defence for the maintenance of clinical quality and safety.
Hospital childcare is poor
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Children in hospital in England are not receiving the best care because official guidance is not being implemented, the Commons health committee reported last week. Seven “cardinal principles” proclaimed by the Department of Health in 1991 remain aspirations rather than actual achievements, the committee's report states.

The committee argues that in the absence of community children's nursing services it is doubtful if the NHS can achieve two of the department's cardinal principles. …
Paying for Nonhospital Training
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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The Use of Lithium in the Affective Psychoses
Authors: RALPH N. WHARTON, RONALD R. FIEVE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Lithium carbonate has been used with caution and control at the New York State Psychiatric Institute for the past six years. Nineteen patients, 15 of whom had at least two well-documented prior manic attacks, were given 25 trials of lithium after therapeutic refractoriness on phenothiazines. Eleven of the 25 manic episodes had good responses to lithium treatment; the individual manic attack was definitely shortened as compared with the patient's past attacks. The authors suggest that lithium may be the treatment of choice for phenothiazine-refractory or phenothiazine-allergic manic patients treated in a research setting.
Time Course and Predictors of Symptoms After Primary Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: James A. Talcott, Judith Manola, Jack A. Clark, Irving Kaplan, Clair J. Beard, Sonya P. Mitchell, Ronald C. Chen, Michael P. O’Leary, Philip W. Kantoff, Anthony V. D’Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Understanding the distinctive patterns of treatment-related dysfunction after alternative initial treatments for early prostate cancer (PC) may improve patients' choice of treatment and later help them adjust to its consequences. We characterized the time course of treatment complications while adjusting for potentially confounding pretreatment factors hindering other observational studies.In a prospective cohort study of 417 men we assessed urinary, bowel, and sexual function from before primary treatment to 24 months after. To control for potential confounding, we measured sociodemographic and PC prognostic factors, medical comorbidity, and pretreatment function commonly affected by PC and its treatment.Patients who underwent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and brachytherapy (BT) differed significantly in sociodemographic factors, cancer prognostic factors, and pretreatment symptom status, especially sexual function. Urinary incontinence increased sharply after RP, while bowel problems and urinary irritation/obstruction rose after EBRT and BT. Sexual dysfunction increased in all patients, particularly after radical prostatectomy, and nerve-sparing surgical technique had little apparent benefit. There was no change in urinary function and little change in overall bowel function after 12 months, but the time course of sexual dysfunction varied by treatment and, for bowel function, by symptom. Multiple regression modeling confirmed that treatment influences all 24-month outcomes, but residual confounding persisted.Pretreatment function and the primary treatment modality for early stage PC strongly predict the affected organ systems and time course of dysfunction. With this information, patients and their physicians may refine their choice of treatment and better anticipate its consequences.
Vestibular Neuritis, or Driving Dizzily through Donegal
Authors: Richard T. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Ten years ago, while touring the west coast of Ireland, I had a sudden onset of vertigo without hearing loss, tinnitus, or fullness in an ear. As a neurologist, I did entertain fleeting dark thoughts of a fatal basilar occlusion or brain-stem tumor. But without accompanying neurologic symptoms, the obvious diagnosis was vestibular neuritis — a disorder then thought to have a “viral” cause and a benign course. Therefore, I took no medications, abdicated the driving to my wife, and leaned back for several days of unsteadiness. I had full confidence that central compensation would allow for my rapid adaptation . . .
Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pregnancy
Authors: George Pepper
Journal: JAMA (1961)

CONGENITAL methemoglobinemia1-4 is a rare, genetically determined abnormality which is of clinical importance mainly because of the marked cyanotic appearance of the carriers of this defect, thus giving rise to the suspicion of the presence of a serious disease. The cyanosis, however, is only rarely associated with other clinical manifestations. This discrepancy is the most important clinical clue to the diagnosis. If, however, this abnormality coexists with another unrelated clinical condition in the course of which cyanosis may occur, it may be mistaken for a sign of a grave complication. An example of such a clinical situation is described in the following report which shows that a person with congenital methemoglobinemia tolerates pregnancy well. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old woman, Gravida 4, Para 3, born in Puerto Rico, was first seen at the University of Illinois prenatal clinic during the eighth month of pregnancy, complaining of slight shortness
GBV-C/HGV in hemodialysis patients: Anti-E2 antibodies and GBV-C/HGV-RNA in serum and peripheral blood: mononuclear cells
Authors: Barbara Tribl, Christian Oesterreicher, Erich Pohanka, Gere Sunder-Plassmann, Dagmar Petermann, Christian Müller
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Urinary Excretion of 51Cr From Labeled Erythrocytes
Authors: Samuel C. Shih
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The urinary excretion of radioactive chromium (<sup>51</sup>Cr) can be used as an index of erythrocyte survival, using washed erythrocytes labeled with<sup>51</sup>Cr, in a study period of four days. This method also appears to be a better index of erythrocyte destruction than the conventional erythrocyte survival measurement because the<sup>51</sup>Cr activity in the urine is a function only of the rate of in vivo destruction and elution of labeled erythrocytes, and data obtained from excretion of<sup>51</sup>Cr show virtually no dispersion from a simple exponential curve. The dose can be decreased to 10 microcuries or less and the amount of labeled blood injected can be as little as 1 ml. This method has a potential for use in in vivo compatibility testing of donor blood.
Discovery of antibodies.
Authors: M. B. Llewelyn, R. E. Hawkins, S. J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Passive immunisation has been used in clinical practice since the end of last century, mainly for prophylaxis. Success of early treatments was marred by anaphylactic reactions and serum sickness because antibodies or antitoxins were not raised in humans. Recombination of gene segments during antibody synthesis means that specific antibodies for numerous antigens can be produced from a limited gene pool. Killer lymphocytes, phagocytes, and complement then bind to the constant region of the antibody facilitating elimination of the pathogen. Development of a method of obtaining large quantities of antibodies against a specific antigen (monoclonal antibodies) offers the possibility of initiating host defence mechanisms against any unwanted antigen, though some problems still remain in preventing the body from attacking the monoclonal antibody.
Wiley for His Old Position
Authors: W. A. Wiseman
Journal: JAMA (1913)

standard of scientific medicine: can you only see unethical motives in such withholding?Without knowing much about it, I can easily conceive of the possible dangers from an earlj publication of the methods employed.I can also (pude one of the greatest authorities in Germany, Professor Orth, who us president of the Berliner medizinische Gesellschaft declared that any possible blame for incompleteness of my brother's publication ought to be charged to him (Orth), because he had to out short Dr. Friedmann's paper on account of its being read ahead of previously announced ones.A question I should like to ask is.What else could my
Malabsorption of Dietary Folate (Pteroylpolyglutamates) in Adult Coeliac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: A. V. Hoffbrand, A. P. Douglas, L. Fry, J. S. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Tests of absorption of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) and of dietary folates (pteroylpolyglutamates) were performed in 10 patients with untreated adult coeliac disease, five with dermatitis herpetiformis, and three with nutritional folate deficiency. Absorption of pteroylglutamic acid was impaired in eight patients with coeliac disease and in two with dermatitis herpetiformis. Absorption of pteroylpolyglutamates was impaired in all 10 coeliac patients and in four of the five patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Absorption of both forms of folate was normal in all three patients with nutritional folate deficiency.