tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Exanthem?
Authors: G. X. Trimble
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant, BA.2.75, displayed a local growth advantage over BA.2.38, BA.2.76 and BA.5 in India. The underlying mechanism of BA.2.75’s enhanced infectivity, especially compared to BA.5, remains unclear. Here, we show that BA.2.75 exhibits substantially higher ACE2-binding affinity than BA.5. Also, BA.2.75 spike shows decreased thermostability and increased “up” RBD conformation in acidic conditions, suggesting enhanced low-pH-endosomal cell-entry pathway utilization. BA.2.75 is less humoral immune evasive than BA.4/BA.5 in BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough-infection convalescents; however, BA.2.75 shows heavier neutralization evasion in Delta breakthrough-infection convalescents. Importantly, plasma from BA.5 breakthrough infection exhibit significantly weaker neutralization against BA.2.75 than BA.5, mainly due to BA.2.75’s distinct RBD and NTD-targeting antibody escaping pattern from BA.4/BA.5. Additionally, Evusheld and Bebtelovimab remain effective against BA.2.75, and Sotrovimab recovered RBD-binding affinity. Together, our results suggest BA.2.75 may prevail after the global BA.4/BA.5 wave, and its increased receptor-binding capability could allow further incorporation of immune-evasive mutations.
The Uncertain Future of Specialty Hospitals
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In November 2003, Congress enacted legislation that imposed an 18-month moratorium on the development of new specialty hospitals that are partly owned by physicians who refer their patients to them.1 President George W. Bush signed the measure into law December 8 as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. Very soon, Congress must decide whether to extend the moratorium, as recommended by one of the two federal agencies that legislators directed to study the matter, or adopt policies that enable physician-owners to build new specialty hospitals and thus encourage a form of competition (i.e., patient . . .
RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LENS
Authors: D. R. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1936)

_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA JORA for the latter to find employment near home, many of them walking or bicycling to work and returning home to their midday meal.Many of the office workers, on the other hand, had long journeys at the rush hours in con- ditions which must tend -both to lower resistance and to facilitate the spread of any infection.An interesting statement concerning this subject was published in a recent report of the Industrial Health Research Board : in clerical trades and light industries it was found that the factory worker had a lower rate of sickness than the clerical worker. Conclusions1. Contact with pulmonary tuberculosis is an important factor in the aetiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in young adults, and therefore it should be possible to detect the disease in its early stage in many instances by examination of all those with a history of such contact.2. About four out of every five of young adults suffer- ing from pulmonary tuberculosis who have been in contact with a known case of infection develop the disease within five years of exposure to the last known contact with infection-a fact which stresses the value of continuing the observation of contacts for at least five years after they were known to be last exposed to infection.3. There is a history of household infection in 82 per cent. of the contact cases.4. History of exposure to tuberculous fathers is almost twice as frequent as history of exposure to tuberculous mothers.5. In about half of the contact cases spread of infection is not obviously due to transmission of the disease from parent to offspring, but in many cases infection is appar- ently introduced into the household by a brother or sister.6.It is important to realize that 60 per cent. of the young adults who develop pulmonary tuberculosis are unaware of any contact with the infection.7. In non-contact cases the toxaemic.type of onset is more common than the non-toxaemic (70 per cent.versus 28 per cent.).If all classes of contact cases are taken together the toxaemio and non-toxaemic types of onset occur in about equal proportions.It appears, however, that if there is an interval of over five years between the last known exposure to infection and the onset of the disease the onset is more likely to be of the non-toxaemic type.
Saline-Resistant Metabolic Alkalosis or "Chloride-Wasting Nephropathy"
Authors: SERAFINO GARELLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

"Saline resistant" metabolic alkalosis, which is characterized by the persistent urinary excretion of chloride in the presence of metabolic alkalosis, is known to occur in patients with hyperadrenocorticism. It has been suggested but not conclusively demonstrated that severe potassium depletion may produce this syndrome. Four patients with saline-resistant metabolic alkalosis and without hyperadrenocorticism had serum potassium concentrations of less than 2.0 mEq/liter. Observations in one patient showed that the metabolic alkalosis with chloriduria persisted until approximately 500 mEq of potassium had been retained. Total retained potassium was in the range of 1,000 mEq. Severe potassium depletion by itself may alter the renal tubular handling of chloride, resulting in chloride wasting with consequent metabolic alkalosis.
Infant Foods and Feeding Practice (A Rapid Reference Text of Practical Infant Feeding for Physicians and Nutritionists)
Authors: Robert L. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dr. Meyer has revised and changed the title of his first bookEssentials of Infants Feeding for Physicians. Perhaps in no field of medicine are there more differences of opinion than in that of infant-feeding, but Dr. Meyer has avoided dogmatism and arbitrary directives on which successful and individual infant-feeding is based. The simpler means are especially stressed in this book. The practical application of the scientific principles pertaining to the art and science of infant nutrition are reviewed. The chapter on human milk and breast-feeding is especially well done. The chapter on the bottle-fed infant milk foods includes a classification of all of the products commercially available.  Sufficient information is given to enable the physician to use intelligently such special foods as are now available to permit individualization in infant-feeding. Tables from generally accepted authorities, containing the most recent information on nutritional data, have been carefully selected from many
The Vaccine Crossroads
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Current Clinical Issues20 May 2003The Vaccine CrossroadsJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-10-200305200-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hundreds of college students each year catch meningococcal disease, an illness that preys particularly on young people in close living conditions. Meningococcal disease is rare, but for those infected, it can be highly dangerous, turning from flu-like symptoms to impaired circulation, failing organs, loss of extremities, and death within 24 hours. About 1 in 10 people with the disease die, and those who survive it may suffer severe complications, such as limb loss and brain damage. Often, however, meningococcal disease never has to happen: A $75, single-shot vaccine protects against four of the five serotypes of meningococcal bacteria. Why then, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySmallpox update 20 May 2003Volume 138, Issue 10Page: 857-860KeywordsCervical cancerDNA vaccinationDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationForecastingHuman papillomavirusImmune responseMeningococcal diseaseVaccine developmentVaccines ePublished: 20 May 2003 Issue Published: 20 May 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Correction: A World Malaria Map: Plasmodium falciparum Endemicity in 2007
Authors: Simon I Hay, Carlos A Guerra, Peter W Gething, Anand P Patil, Andrew J Tatem, Abdisalan M Noor, Caroline W Kabaria, Bui H Manh, Iqbal R. F Elyazar, Simon Brooker, David L Smith, Rana A Moyeed, Robert W Snow
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Reference 56 [Hay SI, Sinka ME, Tatem AJ, Patil AP, Guerra CA, et al. (2009) Developing global maps of the dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria. PLoS Med.  press.] was erroneously listed as In press. It was in preparation at the time but was not published.
428 ADHERENCE TO ASSIGNED DOSING REGIMEN AND SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE AMONG HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 TREATMENT-NAIVE AND PEG/RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT-FAILURES TREATED WITH BOCEPREVIR PLUS PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S.C. Gordon, E.J. Lawitz, B.R. Bacon, M.S. Sulkowski, E.M. Yoshida, M. Davis, N. Boparai, V. Sniukiene, M. Burroughs, C.A. Brass, J.K. Albrecht, K.R. Reddy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Guided by Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Results in 141 Patients
Authors: M. Giovannini, J.-F. Seitz, G. Monges, H. Perrier, I. Rabbia
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Diagnosis of submucosal lesions, pancreatic tumors, and mediastinal or celiac lymph nodes or masses is possible using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), but histological confirmation to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions is still required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new method of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of intramural and paramural lesions.From October 1991 to September 1994, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was carried out in 141 patients with findings of mediastinal masses (18 cases), mediastinal lymph nodes (24 cases), submucosal tumors (seven cases), celiac lymph nodes (26 cases), large gastric folds with negative endoscopic biopsy (13 cases), pancreatic tumors (43 cases), a small liver metastasis (five cases), retrorectal tumors (four cases), and an adrenal metastasis (one case). The EUS examination was performed using a Pentax-Hitachi FG 32-UA system.A malignant tumor was diagnosed in 110 of the 141 patients. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was positive in 85 cases. In 15 cases, an adequate specimen could not be obtained (10.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of malignancy were 77.0% and 100%, respectively. Results were better for mediastinal masses (sensitivity 88%), mediastinal lymph nodes (81%), and celiac lymph nodes (80%) than for pancreatic tumors (75%) or submucosal tumors (60%).These results suggest that EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy using a curved-array transducer represents a step forward in the tissue diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions.
THE PLACE OF INTRASPINAL THERAPY IN UROLOGY
Authors: ERNEST M. WATSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The introduction of various therapeutic agents into the spinal canal in attempts to cure neural syphilis is a comparatively new procedure. In spite of over five years of its rather general employment, however, and the varied series of reported cases by many workers, its exact status is still somewhat uncertain. The demonstration by Noguchi and Moore 1 in 1913 of Spirochaeta pallida in stained sections from the brain tissue of persons who had died of general paresis, and the close relation between this condition and tabes dorsalis, leave little doubt as to the causative agent in these diseases. To Swift and Ellis, 2 however, belongs the credit for the really remarkable discovery of the efficacy of intraspinal therapy in certain types of syphilitic involvement of the cerebrospinal system.  Through the observations of Taege, 3 who noted that the milk of a syphilitic mother, under salvarsan therapy, had a markedly curative
Sleep Disturbance in Depressive Syndromes
Authors: DAVID R. HAWKINS, JOSEPH MENDELS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The authors compare their laboratory measurements of the sleep of 21 depressed patients and 15 control subjects with similar data reported by others. All studies indicate less sleep and more wakefulness in depressed patients than in controls. The clinical impression of early morning awakening as a distinguishing feature of different types of depression is not borne out; it is not as definite a phenomenon as is generally suggested. The most consistent finding is a lack of Stage IV sleep among depressed patients.
THE ETIOLOGY OF MEASLES
Authors: WILLIAM E. CARY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is generally accepted as a proved fact that the contagium of measles is present in the blood stream during the late preeruptive and early eruptive stages of the disease. This was first conclusively demonstrated by Hektoen,<sup>1</sup>who produced clinical measles in two adults by injecting them with ascites broth which had been inoculated with blood from a measles patient. Experiments with monkeys<sup>2</sup>have confirmed the correctness of this view. The epidemiologic evidence indicates with great probability that the contagium is present in the throat and nasal secretions just before the fastigium and at the height of the eruption, disappearing or becoming noninfectious with the fading of the rash. While both of these facts have been apparent for some time, and attempts to cultivate the specific organism from the blood and throat secretions had been made, little had been accomplished until Tunnicliff,<sup>3</sup>in 1917, isolated a green,
Was Goldsmith a Physician?
Authors: George Lane Mullins
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Sydney, Australia, June 29, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of May 16, Dr. John Morris publishes an extremely interesting and scholarly article under the above heading. There is great doubt concerning the dates of the various incidents in Goldsmith's life, and as I may be able to throw some light upon the matter, I send you a few remarks on the subject of the poet's life in Trinity College, Dublin. Dr. Morris states that Goldsmith was born at Pallas, or Pallasmore, in 1728, that he entered Trinity College in 1745, and took his degree of B.A. in 1750. John Forster, in his "Life and Times of Goldsmith," gives these dates also, but they are not in agreement with the records of Trinity College. The Rev. Dr. Stubbs, in his "History of the University of Dublin," published in 1889, gives in an appendix, some university records of well-known members
The haemolytic uraemic syndrome and bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: J I Craig, T Sheehan, K Bell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

noticeable improvement in about two thirds of the remainder.About one sixth of the total cases showed slight or no improvement.4These differences between their and our results were mainly due to an inadequate dose of the drug being given for an inadequate time.We found that nodular lesions responded quickly and depigmented macules very slowly.Our high dose and longer duration of treatment were based on the fact that sodium stibogluconate is quickly excreted in the urine and six hours after an intravenous injection blood concentrations have fallen to less than 1% of peak values.The danger of cumulative toxicity might be exaggerated.5
Photoactive Electrospun Fibers for Inducing Cell Death
Authors: Doris Gabriel, Tzahi Cohen‐Karni, David Huang, Homer H. Chiang, Daniel S. Kohane
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A photoactive electrospun material producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation is reported. The phototoxicity of the generated ROS is spatially restricted to the fiber–tissue interface by conjugation of the photosensitizer to a macromolecule. Photo-triggered ROS is produced on demand and repeatedly. It induces death of mammalian cells growing on the material surface with high spatial resolution As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
EXPERIENCES DURING THE RECENT EARTHQUAKE IN JAMAICA
Authors: A. J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1907)

IT may interest your readers to hear some of my ex- petiences during the Kingston disaster now that I have returned and can look back upon the events with a more collected mind.Sir Alfred Jones,.hadorganized a large party of influen- tial political and commercial men to visit the West Indies, and especially to attend the important Agricultural Con- ,ference which was to have taken place in Jamaica during the week after arrival.I was asked' to join the party, -and as there weTe prospects of a crowded ship I arranged ,to take on the duties of surgeon to the vessel during the -voyage.The outward run was uneventful, except that we lost one of our crew, who fell overboard between 'Barbados and Jamaica.We entered Kingston Harbour -on Friday, January 11th, and disembarked about 9 a.m..The delegates distributed tbemselves between Myrtle .Bank Hotel and.Constant Spring Hotel, a large number ,also being accommodated at Government House.I stayed *at Constant Spring Hotel, some six miles out of Kingston, a delightfully situated modern structure.Saturday and Sunday passed without any unusual phenomena.The *days were not unpleasantly hot, and the evenings and -early mornings were beautiful.On Monday morning 1.accompanied several friends to Spanish Town, the old capital of the island.After seeing the various interesting objects, and having lunch, we returned to Kingston by the 2 o'clock train.At Spanish Town station I met Dr. Savage of Birmingham.We coivereed for some twenty minutes before boarding the -train.Little did we dream as we parted that he and his relations would be taken and I should be left within such a short space of time.Arriving at Kingston, I walked down to the ship, some distance away, to see if anything
Effects of Ambient Ozone Exposure on Mail Carriers’ Peak Expiratory Flow Rates
Authors: Chang-Chuan Chan, Tsung-Huan Wu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The extent to which occupational exposure to ozone in ambient air can affect lung function remains unclear. We conducted a panel study in 43 mail carriers by measuring their peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) twice daily for 6 weeks in 2001. The daily exposure of each mail carrier to O3, particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide was estimated by one air monitoring station in the center of the mail carrier's delivery area. Hourly concentrations of air pollutants during their exposure periods were 6-96 ppb for O3, 11-249 microg/m3 for PM10, and 14-92 ppb for NO2. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association between air pollution exposures and PEFR after adjusting for subject's sex, age, and disease status and for temperature and humidity. We found that night PEFR and the deviation in night PEFR were significantly decreased in association with 8-hr O3 exposures with a lag 0-2 days and by daily maximum O3 exposures with a lag of 0-1 day in our multipollutant models. By contrast, neither PM10 nor NO2 was associated with a PEFR reduction. Daily 8-hr mean concentrations of O3 had greater reduction effects on PEFR than did daily maximum concentrations. For a 10-ppb increase in the 8-hr average O3 concentration, the night PEFR was decreased by 0.54% for a 0-day lag, 0.69% for a 1-day lag, and 0.52% for a 2-day lag. We found that an acute lung function reduction occurs in mail carriers exposed to O3 concentrations below current ambient air quality standards and occupational exposure limits.
Review: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents targeted to higher hemoglobin levels increase risk for adverse outcomes in CKD
Authors: Chi-yuan Hsu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Review: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents targeted to higher hemoglobin levels increase risk for adverse outcomes in CKDChi-yuan Hsu, MD, MScChi-yuan Hsu, MD, MScUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (C.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPalmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, et al. Meta-analysis: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:23-33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20439566Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Hematology: Nephrology: References1 Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Curhan GC. Epidemiology of anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency among adults in the United States: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:504-10. [PMID: 11805181] Google Scholar2 Pfeffer MA, Burdmann EA, Chen CY, et al. A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2019-32. [PMID: 19880844] Google Scholar3 Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK, et al. The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:584-90. [PMID: 9718377] Google Scholar4 Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, et al. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2085-98. [PMID: 17108343] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (C.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-3KeywordsAnemiaBlood transfusionCardiovascular therapyChronic kidney diseaseHazard ratioHemoglobinInterquartile rangeMortalityRelative riskThrombosis ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...