tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of inflammation with raised serum IgA in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: P Cowling, R Ebringer, A Ebringer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Serum immunoglobulins were measured in 122 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) during various phases of disease activity and compared to those in 58 healthy subjects. The mean serum IgA was 38% higher in patients (306.9 mg/dl) than in controls (222.7 mg/dl) (P &lt; 0.005), but there was no significant difference in IgG and IgM levels. Increased IgA was associated with laboratory parameters of active inflammatory disease. The mean IgA in patients having an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) equal to or greater than 15 mm/h was 369 mg/dl, 65% higher than in controls (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between controls and patients with an ESR of less than 15 mm/h. The mean IgA in patients having a C-reactive protein (CRP) level equal to greater than 15 micrograms/ml (15 mg/l) was 387.8 mg/dl, 74% higher than in controls (P &lt; 0.001), and again there was no significant difference between controls and patients with CRP levels less than 15 micrograms/ml. (SI conversion: g/l = mg/dl x 0.01). It is suggested that selective increase of serum IgA occurs predominantly during phases of active inflammatory disease in AS, and this finding is compatible with the concept of a microbial triggering agent acting across an IgA secreting organ such as the gut.
Endoscopic indirect Lymphography in Gastric Cancer
Authors: S. I. Karanov
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

An oil-in-water emulsion containing 55% Lipiodol, 5% Tween 80 and 40% Angiografin was injected into stomach walls at 20 points to visualize the regional lymph nodes. At each point 0.5 ml emulsion was injected into the submucosal layer. Conventional X-ray pictures of the upper left abdomen were taken at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours and on the day before surgery. The method was employed in 18 stomach cancer patients and 5 healthy controls. X-ray findings were verified during the operation and by histological sections stained with hematoxylin eosin, Sudan III and Sudan black. It was established that almost all lymph nodes were visualized, and the lymphograms showed no changes in the healthy stomach. In stomach carcinoma cases metastatic signs were node enlargement, vacuolization with central and/or peripheral filling defects or absence of contrast in nodes. The possibility of applying the method for regional preoperative chemotherapy in early carcinoma stages is discussed.
Neovascular Expression of E-Selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Atherosclerosis and Their Relation to Intimal Leukocyte Content
Authors: Kevin D. O’Brien, Thomas O. McDonald, Alan Chait, Margaret D. Allen, Charles E. Alpers
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Leukocyte recruitment is an early event in atherogenesis, and the leukocyte adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) recently have been detected in human atherosclerosis. However, no previous study has evaluated either the distribution of these three molecules at different sites within the arterial intima or their relation to plaque leukocyte content.Immunohistochemistry was performed on 99 coronary artery segments (34 controls and 65 with atherosclerotic plaque) to identify E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and T lymphocytes. For each segment, the presence or absence of adhesion molecule was determined at the arterial lumen, on intimal neovasculature, and on intimal nonendothelial cells. Each segment was scored for intimal macrophage and T-lymphocyte densities on a semiquantitative scale of 0 to 3. In atherosclerotic plaques, the prevalences of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 on plaque neovasculature were twofold higher than their prevalences on arterial luminal endothelium. E-selectin was the only adhesion molecule for which expression on arterial luminal endothelial cells was more prevalent in plaques than in control segments. Increased plaque intimal macrophage density was associated with expression of VCAM-1 on neovasculature (P < .01) and on nonendothelial cells (P < .01). Increased plaque intimal T-lymphocyte density was associated with the presence of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on neovasculature (both P < .01) and on nonendothelial cells (both P < .01).In atherosclerotic plaques, the expression of all three leukocyte adhesion molecules was more prevalent on intimal neovasculature than on arterial luminal endothelium. Further, the presence on neovasculature and nonendothelial cells of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was strongly associated with increased intimal leukocyte accumulation. These findings suggest that leukocyte recruitment through and/or activation of intimal neovasculature may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
Asymmetrical Nonocclusive Ischemia of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Herbert Dardik
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Nonocclusive ischemia of the lower extremities may be mistakenly diagnosed as thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusion. This is particularly true when there is asymmetrical involvement of the extremities. Doppler ultrasound flowmeter recordings may be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis, but arteriography is essential for the differentiation between occlusive and nonocclusive states. By confirming arterial patency, needless and often hazardous surgery can be avoided.
PENETRATING WOUNDS OF THE ABDOMEN.
Authors: Randolph Winslow
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Penetrating wounds of the abdomen occur with considerable frequency in civil as well as in military practice, and until recently have been the most uniformly fatal of all injuries. As much of our knowledge of this class of injuries has been derived from the experience of the civil war, in preantiseptic times, so we may expect to revise or to confirm our views on this subject by the experience of the surgeons now engaged with the armies in the far East, when they shall have the opportunity to collate their experiences. My experience in these cases is confined entirely to those injuries occurring in civil life, in which the wounds have been inflicted by pistol or rifle balls or with knives and scissors. The larger number of these injuries are inflicted by bullets, while a large minority are due to stabs. As a rule, the traumatisms resulting from gunshot wounds
Effects of atropine on induction and maintenance of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
Authors: D Wu, P Denes, R Bauernfeind, R C Dhingra, C Wyndham, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The electrophysiologic effects of atropine were studied in 14 patients with dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways and recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). During PSVT, all patients used a slow pathway (SP) for antegrade and fast pathway (FP) for retrograde conduction. Atropine enhanced both SP antegrade and FP retrograde conduction, shown by a decrease in paced cycle lengths (atrial and ventricular) producing AV and ventriculoatrial block. Five patients had induction of sustained PSVT before and after atropine. Seven patients failed to induce or sustain PSVT before atropine, because of retrograde FP refractoriness. All seven had induction of sustained PSVT after atropine due to facilitation of FP retrograde conduction. Two patients had only single atrial echoes before atropine, reflecting SP antegrade refractoriness. After atropine, sustained PSVT was inducible in one, and nonsustained in the other, PSVT cycle length could be compared in seven patients before and after atropine and decreased from 383 +/- 25 to 336 +/- 17 (p less than 0.05). Thus, in patients with dual AV nodal pathways, atropine facilitated SP antegrade and FP retrograde conduction, shortened cycle length of PSVT and potentiated ability to sustain PSVT.
GRADUATE TEACHING OF UROLOGY
Authors: HERMAN L. KRETSCHMER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During the last few years, much has been said and written against the specialist in the practice of medicine, and most of this, curiously enough, has come from the medical profession. I take it that this agitation is directed against the pseudospecialists, the poorly equipped, badly trained men, practicing in the various medical and surgical specialties. Certainly no one would criticize the work of a specialist whose worth is unquestioned, who is the master of all the details of his chosen field, and combines his work in his field with a broad outlook on medicine as a whole. During the last twenty-five years, the practice of medicine has undergone greater changes than have characterized any previous period. These changes are, in part, a result of the ever-increasing discoveries in the fundamental sciences, and the many new developments in clinical medicine, as well as the result of advances in the problems
ALTERATION OF THE RESPONSE OF PLATELETS TO SURFACE STIMULI BY PYRAZOLE COMPOUNDS
Authors: M. A. Packham, E. S. Warrior, M. F. Glynn, A. S. Senyi, J. F. Mustard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Sulfinpyrazone and phenylbutazone block the aggregating action of collagen, antigen-antibody complexes, and gamma globulin-coated surfaces on blood platelets. These drugs do not block the action of ADP or thrombin. Inhibition of surface-induced aggregation appears to be the result of a decreased response of the platelets to surface stimuli, giving rise to diminished release of platelet constituents, such as ADP and serotonin. The intravenous infusion of these drugs produced results similar to those found in the in vitro experiments. Administration of phenylbutazone in doses sufficient to produce marked suppression of the platelet-collagen reaction impaired hemostatic plug formation at the ends of transected mesenteric vessels in rabbits. Since platelet function is considered a factor influencing platelet survival, the effect of phenylbutazone on platelet survival was examined. It was found that phenylbutazone prolonged platelet survival to more than twice the normal time and reduced platelet turnover by nearly 50%. These studies show that drugs which suppress platelet response to surface stimuli alter platelet function in vivo.
Should We Screen for Depression in Primary Care?
Authors: Frederic W. Platt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 March 2002Should We Screen for Depression in Primary Care?Frederic W. Platt, MDFrederic W. Platt, MDUniversity of Colorado; Denver, CO 80205 (Platt)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Reading the article by Valenstein and colleagues on the cost–utility of screening for depression in primary care (1), I was led to wonder about the cost–utility of the procedure I usually follow in similar circumstances.Using the old adage that “the depressed patient sounds depressed, says he is depressed, and depresses the interviewer,” I tend to listen to my patients, meanwhile asking myself, “How might this patient be feeling to say what he or she is saying and look as he or she does?”, and “How am I feeling as this conversation progresses?” When there is a ...References1. Valenstein M, Vijan S, Zeber JE, Boehm K, Buttar A. The cost–utility of screening for depression in primary care. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:345-60. [PMID: 11242495] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frederic W. Platt, MDAffiliations: University of Colorado; Denver, CO 80205 (Platt) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Cost–Utility of Screening for Depression in Primary Care Marcia Valenstein , Sandeep Vijan , John E. Zeber , Kathryn Boehm , and Amna Buttar Should We Screen for Depression in Primary Care? Marcia Valenstein , Sandeep Vijan , and John Zeber Metrics 5 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 5Page: 412KeywordsEmotions ePublished: 5 March 2002 Issue Published: 5 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Symposium on the Treatment of Burns
Authors: Alfred Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The title describes this book accurately. It is not supposed to be a textbook, but rather the invited, collected, and edited presentations made at a conference held in 1971. Its purpose, as stated in the preface, is to summarize recent development in burn care. It succeeds quite well in doing this. There are 39 chapters, many very short, and of varied character. There are "how to do it" chapters; some report experience with a particular aspect of burns; others are reviews of the literature; and still others are narrowly focused discussions of special problems. For nearly all of them, the general approach is totally practical and oriented to clinical problems. The illustrations show more burned people and fewer burned animals than appear in the proceedings of most burn meetings. Quite appropriately, reconstruction, with two chapters on the ear and one on the eyebrow, is emphasized in a volume sponsored by
The effects of post-treatment with lisofylline, a phosphatidic acid generation inhibitor, on sepsis-induced acute lung injury in pigs.
Authors: N Hasegawa, Y Oka, M Nakayama, G J Berry, S Bursten, G Rice, T A Raffin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The effects of lisofylline [(R)-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine] (LSF), an inhibitor of de novo phosphatidic acid (PA) generation, on sepsis-induced acute lung injury was studied using Hanford minipigs weighing 18 to 25 kg. Sepsis was induced by an intravenous infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 x 10(6)/colony-forming units/kg/min over 2 h). Saline was used as the control vehicle. Six groups were studied: saline control group (SALINE: n = 5); sepsis control group (SEPSIS: n = 5); LSF control group (LSF: n = 5), which received a 25-mg/kgbolus of LSF 30 min before time zero followed by continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/h throughout the study; LSF-treated septic groups, which were treated with LSF 30 min prior to sepsis (Pre: n = 5), 1 h postonset (Post-1 h: n = 8) or h postonset (Post-2 h: n = 8) of the bacterial infusion. Hemodynamics PaO2, neutrophil counts, and plasma porcine tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were monitored for 6 h. After the minipigs were killed, lung tissue was sampled to measured wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), tissue albumin index (TAI), thiobarbituric acid-reactive material content (TBARM), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Compared with the SALINE group, the SEPSIS group showed significant systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypoxemia, neutropenia, and increase in TNF-alpha, MPO activity, W/D, TBARM, and TAI. LSF treatment attenuated sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension, neutropenia, and hypoxemia, and increased MPO activity and lung injury measurements in the Pre and Post-1 h groups, but its efficacy was blunted in the Post-2 h group. Plasma TNF-alpha was decreased only in the Pre group. Thus, inhibition of intracellular PA generation through de novo pathways attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
Prevalence of headache and migraine in schoolchildren
Authors: I Abu-Arefeh, G Russell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the prevalence rates of the various causes of severe headache in school-children, with special emphasis on migraine and its impact on school attendance. <b>Design</b>: Population based study in two stages, comprising an initial screening questionnaire followed by clinical interviews and examination of children with symptoms and a control group of asymptomatic children matched for age and sex. <b>Setting</b>: 67 primary and secondary schools in the city of Aberdeen. <b>Subjects</b>: 2165 children, representing a random sample of 10% of schoolchildren in Aberdeen aged 5-15 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: (a) the prevalence of20migraine (International Headache Society criteria) and of other types of headache; (b) the impact of migraine on school attendance. <b>Results</b>: The estimated prevalence rates of migraine and tension headache were 10.6% (95% confidence interval 9.1 to 12.3) and 0.9% (0.5 to 1.5) respectively. The estimated prevalence rates for migraine without aura and migraine with aura were 7.8% (95% confidence interval 6.5 to 9.3) and 2.8% (2.0 to 3.8) respectively. In addition, 10 children (0.7%) had headaches which, though lasting less than two hours, also fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for migraine, 14 (0.9%) had tension headaches, and 20 (1.3%) had non-specific recurrent headache. The prevalence of migraine increased with age, with male preponderance in children under 12 and female preponderance thereafter. Children with migraine lost a mean of 7.8 school days a year due to all illnesses (2.8 days (range 0-80) due to headache) as compared with a mean of 3.7 days lost by controls. <b>Conclusions</b>: Migraine is a common cause of headache in children and causes significantly reduced school attendance.
Abstract 1951: Role of embryonic signaling pathways in lung cancer
Authors: Samer Singh, Dao M. Nguyen, Anthony J. Capobianco, David J. Robbins
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Embryonic signaling pathways that play an important role during embryo development, later on support the maintenance of adult stem cells and are also found activated in various cancers. The activated embryonic signaling, mainly Hedgehog (HH), WNT and NOTCH, have been shown to be activated in a number of cancers and demonstrated to promote growth, provide survival advantage and resistance to various drugs. The role of these embryonic signaling pathways in the development of lung cancer is not well defined. Identification of particular pathways active in cancer and elucidation of their mechanism of action in cancer development could provide a basis of devising a successful therapeutic intervention. Objective: Define the role of embryonic signaling pathways in cancer cells. Methodology: The presence and functional interaction of various embryonic signaling pathways in lung cancer was evaluated using human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines (e.g. HOP62, A549, H23, H522) as model system. The signaling pathways were inhibited using specific small molecule inhibitors and shRNAs mediated knockdown of the pathway components. The lentiviruses expressing shRNA were made and used to deliver the shRNA in NSCLC cells. The effect on the target gene expression (quantitative real time RT-PCR and western blotting), cell proliferation (ATP quantitation), cell migration (scratch/wound assay) and anchorage independent growth (soft agar assay), was evaluated. Currently, the activation of pathways in cancer cells of primary lung cancer samples is being evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Preliminary Results and Conclusions: Attenuation of individual embryonic signaling pathways using specific small molecule inhibitors and shRNAs, indicated crosstalk and hierarchy of these pathways in controlling various processes in tested cancer cells. Our results suggest the predominance of HH signaling in non-small cell lung carcinoma. We are in the process of expanding our observation to more cell lines and human cancer samples. Our work will establish the role of embryonic signaling pathways in lung cancer and would further help in establishing a framework for future therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Samer Singh, Dao M. Nguyen, Anthony J. Capobianco, David J. Robbins. Role of embryonic signaling pathways in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1951. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1951
USE OF CORN (MAIZE) AS HUMAN FOOD
Authors: H. C. SHERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

About three fourths of the world's corn crop is produced and consumed in the United States, but considerably less than one tenth of it is used as human food. We produce three times as much corn as wheat, so that only one sixth of the corn crop need be eaten in order to replace, or save, one half of the wheat crop. In fact, the increase of our 1917 corn crop over the three-year average of the period from 1911 to 1913 is 548,000,000 bushels, or the equivalent of three fourths of a normal wheat crop. This extra corn is not needed for animal feeding, since the number of animals has not increased correspondingly. Much anxiety has been felt on account of the large proportion of soft corn, not suitable for grinding, in the 1917 crop; but this and much more will be fed to farm animals in any case.
Health Educators Turn to Black Community's Leaders, Organizations, Other Strengths
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE BLACK COMMUNITY has characteristics that health educators say can be used to foster its members' well-being, although they add that it has other characteristics that pose particular problems to health education. An example of a useful characteristic is that existing leaders and organizations in the black community have already earned people's confidence, says Helene D. Gayle, MD, MPH, of the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. They provide valuable assistance in disseminating health information. The black church is a prominent example, adds John W. Hatch, MSW, DPH. As one of the few organizations controlled by blacks, it mirrors the pattern of influence within the black community. Hatch developed the Fitness Through Churches project in Durham, NC, in 1985, to combat cardiovascular disease. Selected members of 14 innercity congregations were taught to be health advocates, organizing and instructing exercise programs (<i>Hygie</i>1986;5[3]:9-12). Their training includes aerobic exercise along with information on