tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-1993: incidence, prevalence, and survival
Authors: E V Loftus
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> There is significant geographic variation in the reported incidence of ulcerative colitis. <h3>AIMS</h3> To update the incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, examine temporal trends, and determine overall survival. <h3>PATIENTS</h3> All Olmsted County residents diagnosed with ulcerative colitis between 1940 and 1993 (incidence cases), and all residents with ulcerative colitis alive on 1 January 1991 (prevalence cases). <h3>METHODS</h3> Incidence and prevalence rates were adjusted using 1990 US census figures for whites. The effects of age, sex, and calendar year on incidence rates were evaluated using Poisson regression. Survival from diagnosis was compared with that expected for US north-central whites. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Between 1940 and 1993, 278 incidence cases were identified, for an adjusted incidence rate of 7.6 cases per 100 000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.7 to 8.5). On 1 January 1991, there were 218 residents with definite or probable ulcerative colitis, for an adjusted prevalence rate of 229 cases per 100 000 (95% CI, 198 to 260). Increased incidence rates were associated with later calendar years (p&lt;0.002), younger age (p&lt;0.0001), urban residence (p&lt;0.0001), and male sex (p&lt;0.003). Overall survival was similar to that expected (p&gt;0.2). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The overall incidence rate of ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County increased until the 1970s, and remained stable thereafter. Incidence rates among men and urban residents were significantly higher. The prevalence rate in Rochester in 1991 was 19% higher than that in 1980. Overall survival was similar to that of the general population.
Off the record
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It wasn’t easy to find work in the 1980s, so I took what I could get. This was mainly bar work: menial, tedious, poorly paid, and sometimes dangerous in Glasgow. But the experience gave me a very valuable return. I learnt how to defuse fights and to deal with aggression and the intoxicated. Best of all, I became an amateur counsellor, imprisoned behind the bar. People poured down drinks and out poured their life stories and confessions. I learnt not to say much, to listen, never to be shocked, …
Salivary-gland Tumour of Upper Lip
Authors: J. F. Curr
Journal: BMJ (1945)

suspensions in normal saline, using a normal saline control; marked localized urticar-ial reactions occurred with both the quinine and the mepacrine, while the control showed no reaction.As a result of these tests he was considered unfit for service in malarious areas.Such a condition must be very rare indeed, and I can find no reference to this double hypersensitivity in any textbook available to me at present.In fact, in Mem1oran1dulm oni Medical Diseases in Tropica-l antid SNhtropical A reas there occurs this statement: " Those with an idiosyncrasy to quinine can take rnepacrine with impunity.Mepacrine appears to provoke no similar condition."
Relation between Sodium Balance and Menstrual Cycle Symptoms in Normal Women
Authors: Beatriz R. Olson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether sodium balance affects expression of menstrual symptoms. Design: Prospective study of menstrual symptoms during three cycles: a baseline month (usual intake of sodium, 115 mmol/d) followed by 2 months of sodium restriction (intake of sodium, 73.0 mmol/d). Added salt was allowed during the last month. Investigators were aware of the diet sequence. Setting: Outpatient. Meals were prepared by a metabolic kitchen during the 2 months that the participants received salt-restricted diets. Participants: 13 healthy menstruant women. Measurements: Plasma sodium levels, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity were measured for five time periods during the baseline cycle and the two cycles of salt-restricted diet. Eleven women completed a questionnaire assessing somatic symptoms and sensory cravings at the same time every day during the 3-month study period. Results: Sodium restriction was associated with a mean decrease (± one half of the 95% Cl) in plasma sodium levels of 0.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L from a mean of 139.3 mmol/L during the baseline cycle (P = 0.018), a decrease in urinary sodium excretion of 40.3 ± 18 mmol/d from a mean of 117 mmol/d during the baseline cycle (P = 0.001), and an increase in plasma renin activity of 0.14 ± 0.08 ng/(L·s) from a mean of 0.28 ng/(L·s) during the baseline cycle (P = 0.008). During the luteal phase of the sodium restriction cycle, significant decreases in plasma sodium levels of 1.23 ± 0.5 mmol/L (from values of 138.8 mmol/L during the follicular phase) and increases in urinary sodium excretion of 27.2 ± 10 mmol/d (from values of 65.5 mmol/d during the follicular phase) preceded periods when menstrual symptoms were most severe. Ratings of breast tenderness increased sixfold to eightfold in the late luteal phase (P < 0.001) and those of swelling or bloating increased twofold to threefold during early menses (P < 0.001) compared with nadir symptom ratings during each cycle. Sodium cravings increased in the luteal phase of all cycles but were not accompanied by increased sodium intake when access to added salt was allowed. Conclusions: Breast tenderness and bloating did not result from sodium retention in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During normal and sodium-restricted diet cycles, women actually had urinary sodium loss, not retention, during the luteal phase; severity of menstrual symptoms was unchanged.
Endogenous Angiotensin Stimulation of Vasopressin in the Newborn Lamb
Authors: Sharon R. Siegel, Richard E. Weitzman, Delbert A. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The effect of furosemide on plasma renin, vasopressin (AVP), and aldosterone concentrations was studied in 10 control and 6 nephrectomized lambs during the 1st 2 wk of life. In a separate study in 10 newborn lambs, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine-angiotensin II (saralasin acetate, 5 μg/kg per min) was infused alone for 40 min, after which furosemide 2 mg/kg i.v. was injected in association with continuing saralasin acetate infusion.
Gastrin and gastointestinal disease.
Authors: K Mullard
Journal: BMJ (1972)

if assumptions are made that there are ab- normally high frequencies of the fluoride or silent genes present in these groups.Assum- ing that only the usual (Elu) and atypical (Ela) genes are present, the observed (0) and expected (E) distributions of phenotypes by D.N. number are indicated in my Table.In both patient groups there appears to be selection of marked degree, apparently in favour of heterozygotes or against homozy- gotes.The abnormally high frequency of the Ela gene suggests that the selection is largely against the atypical homozygotes.On this basis the real frequency of this gene in leprosy patients may be much higher than the data suggest.One can merely speculate on the nature of the selection involved but analysis of the data in respect of age of the patients and severity of their disease seems warranted.-I
A Structural and Immunological Basis for the Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ8 in Celiac Disease
Authors: Kate N. Henderson, Jason A. Tye-Din, Hugh H. Reid, Zhenjun Chen, Natalie A. Borg, Tim Beissbarth, Arthur Tatham, Stuart I. Mannering, Anthony W. Purcell, Nadine L. Dudek, David A. van Heel, James McCluskey, Jamie Rossjohn, Robert P. Anderson
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Substance and Shadow: Women and Addiction in the United States
Authors: Caroline Jean Acker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In various policy contexts receiving heavy media attention, women have been increasingly demonized—especially if they use drugs or deviate from conventional norms for maternal behavior. In the public mind, women bear sub-stantial blame for the welfare crisis, children's poor performance in school, and the collapse of the family. Pregnant women who smoke crack and bear drug-exposed infants receive the heaviest condemnation. In<i>Substance and Shadow: Women and Addiction in the United States</i>, Stephen R. Kandall offers a much needed corrective to these lurid public images. A pediatrician who has long specialized in the medical problems of drug-dependent women and their newborns, Kandall was prompted to explore the history of women's drug use when he was called in 1989 to testify on behalf of a Florida woman who was prosecuted for delivering cocaine to her newborn infant through the umbilical cord. Kandall wanted to understand why society would turn to prosecution
Correction: Dactinomycin Dose
Authors: JONATHAN D. ADAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1983Correction: Dactinomycin DoseJONATHAN D. ADAMS, PHARM, D., JAMES P. WILSON, PHARM, D.JONATHAN D. ADAMS, PHARM, D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES P. WILSON, PHARM, D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-2-262_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: in the letter from pandya and chang (1) the dose of dactinomycin was given as 10 mg/m2body surface area. It appears that this dose is in error. An article (2) cited by Pandya and Chang reported an Einhorn-type regimen and did not use dactinomycin. Most VAB (vinblastine, dactinomycin, and bleomycin) regimens (3-5), as the authors' appears to be, use a dactinomycin dose of 1 mg/m2body surface area. We suggest that a decimal point is missing, and that anyone interested in using the authors' regimen carefully review this dose....References1. PANDYCHANG KC. Cure of mediastinal seminoma [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:618. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAINSWORTHEINHORNWILLIAMSSTEWARTCREIO JLSMA. Advanced extragonadal germ-cell tumors: successful treatment with combination chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:7-11. LinkGoogle Scholar3. VUGRINHERRWHITMORESOGANIGOLBEY DHWPR. VAB-6 combination chemotherapy in disseminated cancer of the testis. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:59-61. LinkGoogle Scholar4. DEWYS W. Management of testicular cancer. Curr Concepts Oncol. 1980;10-7. Google Scholar5. TAYLORBROWN HA. Treatment experience with nonseminomatous testicular cancer in patients with stage II and stage III disease. Cancer. 1980;48:1110-5. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1983Volume 98, Issue 2Page: 262-263KeywordsBody surface area ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Physician-Patient as an Informed Consumer of Surgical Services
Authors: John P. Bunker, Byron Wm. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract The alleged overuse of surgical services in this country is often attributed to lack of consumer knowledge. Assuming that physicians possess such knowledge, we have examined their utilization of surgical services and compared It with that of lawyers, ministers, and businessmen. Operation rates for physicians and their spouses were found to be as high as or higher than rates for the other groups. Overall operation rates for physicians and for the other professional groups studied were estimated to be 25 to 30 per cent higher than for the country as a whole. We conclude that the physician-patient as an informed consumer places a high value on surgical care. The results presented suggest that as the public becomes more fully informed, the demand for surgical services will increase. (N Engl J Med 290:1051–1055, 1974)
Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion After Lamivudine Therapy Is Not Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B in Korea
Authors: Byung-Cheol Song, Dong Jin Suh, Han Chu Lee, Young-Hwa Chung, Yung Sang Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

It has been suggested that hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion after lamivudine therapy is durable in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, little is known whether it is also durable in endemic areas of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We evaluated the posttreatment durability of lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion and the predictive factors for relapse in Korean patients with CHB. We retrospectively analyzed 98 HBeAg-positive patients with CHB who were treated with lamivudine between August 1996 and December 1997. Lamivudine was given at a dose of 150 mg per day. After HBeAg seroconversion, lamivudine was continued for an additional 2 to 4 months, and posttreatment monitoring continued for up to 24 months. HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in 34 of the 98 patients (34.7%). The mean duration of treatment in these seroconverters was 9.3 +/- 3.0 months. During the follow-up period, the cumulative relapse rates at 1 year and 2 years posttreatment were 37.5% and 49.2%, respectively. Most relapses were accompanied by elevation of serum alanine transaminase (94%) and reappearance of HBeAg (81%). Pretreatment serum HBV DNA levels and the duration of additional lamivudine therapy after HBeAg seroconversion were 2 independent predictive factors for posttreatment relapse. In conclusion, lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion was not durable in this endemic area. And the duration of additional lamivudine therapy after HBeAg seroconversion significantly affected the posttreatment relapse. Further studies are needed to determine the duration of lamivudine and to elucidate the cause of high relapse after HBeAg seroconversion in endemic areas of HBV.
Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa) of the Uterus
Authors: Anthony Ciarallo, William Makis, Marc Hickeson, Vilma Derbekyan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

This is a case of a 52-year-old woman who underwent a hysterectomy to treat a large uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. She was followed with serial F-18 FDG PET/CT scans due to positive surgical margins and vascular invasion on pathology. Initial surveillance PET/CT performed 6 months post surgery was negative; however, a second surveillance PET/CT performed 12 months post surgery showed an intensely FDG-avid recurrence in the pelvic surgical site. The patient received local radiotherapy, 2 cycles of taxol and carboplatin, and was placed on imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). A final PET/CT performed 6 months after initiation of therapy showed rapidly disseminating metastatic disease and the patient died 1 month later. This rare report highlights a potentially new utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT for surveillance of recurrence of a malignant uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, as well as for evaluation of response to therapy.
A third of recommendations in Scottish guidelines are based on poorest evidence, finds study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Expert groups that produce the longest clinical guidelines make the biggest proportion of recommendations that are based on poor evidence, a study has concluded.1

To investigate the levels of evidence used in guidelines, the researchers examined 42 guidelines of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN). They chose these guidelines because they are internationally respected and they contribute to national policies, such as the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), the incentive payment scheme for GPs in the United Kingdom.

SIGN guidelines have four grades of recommendation. A grade recommendations are the best and …
Atrial Catheter and Lumbar Disk Surgery
Authors: Jerry D. Levitt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Our group of neurosurgical anesthesiologists disagrees with the belief of Albin et al (239:496, 1978) that patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery in the knee-chest position should have a right atrial catheter placed preoperatively. Although the venous pressure at the lumbar incision is probably low and air embolism is a theoretic possibility, there is a conspicuous absence of reports of hemodynamically significant air embolism in patients undergoing this common operation. Albin et al refer to the case of Shenkin and Goldfedder (210:726, 1969) as an example of fatal air embolism occurring in a prone patient. However, that patient's operation was not a laminectomy but posterior-fossa exploration for an arteriovenous malformation. Furthermore, the air embolism occurred after hemorrhage and after the venous pressure was further lowered by ganglionic blockade in addition to head-up tilt and mechanical ventilation with a negative-pressure phase. We place a right atrial catheter and use
Lung Cancer in Women
Authors: Jyoti D. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and is responsible for 20,000 more deaths yearly in US women than breast cancer. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, and unfortunately, approximately 22 million US women smoke. Mounting evidence suggests that there are significant differences in lung cancer between the sexes. There is a difference in the histologic distribution of lung cancer, with glandular differentiation being more common in women. Genetic variation may account for differences in susceptibility, and hormonal and biologic factors may play a role in carcinogenesis. Lung cancer patients have few therapeutic options. A more thorough understanding of the heterogeneity of lung cancer across populations may lead to innovations in treatment and prevention strategies.
Letter to the editor regarding the paper “Agreement of central venous saturation and mixed venous saturation in cardiac surgery patients by Sander M, Spies CD, Foer A, Weymann L, Braun J, Volk T, Grubitzsch H, von Heymann C (2007) Intensive Care Medicine 33:1719–1725”
Authors: Andreas Wienke
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Assessment of elderly people in hospital. Assessment scales unevaluated.
Authors: S Ebrahim, R Shinton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

malposition.Repeated studies have found that over 70% of women with cephalopelvic disproportion delivered vaginally in subsequent pregnancies.45In addition, 31% of those women achieving vaginal delivery after caesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion had larger babies than the one delivered by caesarean section.'x Ray pelvimetry does not prevent scar rupture in a subsequent labour,l nor is there any benefit with regard to perinatal mortality.Although computed tomography of the pelvis has not been subjected to large clinical trials, there is no logical reason to suppose that it will be any more effective than conventional x ray pelvimetry in predicting the ability of a woman to have a future safe vaginal delivery.x Ray pelvimetry is not routinely indicated postnatally after a first caesarean section.It is an unnecessary investigation with no prognostic significance for delivery in subsequent pregnancies and will result in a needless increase in the already high rate of caesarean section.
Splenic impedance indices: A useful method to monitor patients after liver transplantation?
Authors: Massimo Bolognesi, David Sacerdoti, Giancarlo Bombonato, Paolo Angeli, Giorgio Gerunda, Roberto Merenda, Roberta Volpin, Rosamaria Iemmolo, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Splenic Doppler impedance indices are influenced in portal hypertensive patients, by the resistance of the portal system. The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of these indices in evaluating the presence of a pathological increase in portal resistance in patients with complications after liver transplantation. Splenic impedance indices have been evaluated in 46 patients before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and 2 days, 1, 4, 8, and 12 to 18 months after transplantation. The results showed that spleen size slowly decreased after liver transplantation. From a baseline longitudinal diameter value of 18.0 ± 3.6 cm (M ± SD), the decrease was by 0% ± 3%, 8% ± 8%, 13% ± 9%, 15% ± 11%, and 14% ± 11% at 2 days and 1, 4, 8, and 12 to 18 months after liver transplantation. Splenic impedance indices—resistance index = (peak systolic − end diastolic) / peak systolic velocity; pulsatility index = (peak systolic − end diastolic) / mean velocity—which were increased before liver transplantation, showed a rapid decrease to normal values: resistance index: from 0.62 ± 0.08 to 0.55 ± 0.08 after 2 days, and to 0.49 ± 0.09, 0.51 ± 0.10, 0.54 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.11 after 1, 4, 8, 12-18 months; pulsatility index: from 0.96 ± 0.21 to 0.82 ± 0.17 after 2 days, and to 0.69 ± 0.19, 0.72 ± 0.21, 0.81 ± 0.26, 0.84 ± 0.26 after 1, 4, 8, and 12 to 18 months. Patients who had a good outcome, without any major complications, showed a clear and steady decrease in splenic impedance indices. On the contrary, patients who had complications affecting portal resistance (e.g., acute rejection, relapse of chronic hepatitis C virus-related hepatitis or cirrhosis, stenosis of portal anasthomosis, portal thrombosis), showed a lack of decrease, or, after an initial decrease, a subsequent re-increase in splenic impedance indices to pathological values. Splenic impedance indices measured in patients with complications were higher than those of patients without complications (P< .0004). Specificity and sensitivity of splenic impedance indices in the evaluation of the presence of complications increasing portal resistance were good. In conclusion, after OLT, splenic impedance indices could be useful aspecific parameters for identifying patients with complications that are able to affect or increase portal resistance.
Cutting Into Cholesterol
Authors: Mark R. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the April 15 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Drs Kinosian and Eisenberg<sup>1</sup>published an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of treating elevated levels of total serum cholesterol. Treatment regimens using cholestyramine resin, colestipol, and oat bran were compared. Based on the outcome of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, the cost per year of life saved was determined for each of these three agents. To date, there is no primary prevention trial that demonstrates that treating elevated serum cholesterol with hypolipidemic agents prolongs life. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial<sup>2</sup>and more recently the Helsinki Heart Study<sup>3</sup>have demonstrated a significant decrease in cardiovascular mortality at the termination of the trials, using cholestyramine in the former and gemfibrozil in the latter. Unfortunately, overall mortality was unchanged in both trials owing to an excess of violent and accidental deaths in the treated groups.
Red Cell Enzymes in the Anemia of Myelofibrosis
Authors: HENRY BARTOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

In an attempt to elucidate the cause of increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in patients with myelofibrosis, the spleen size, red cell survival, and erythrocyte glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels were correlated with G6PD levels in a group of nine patients with this disorder. The evidence indicates that the patients with increased G6PD had a young erythrocyte population, while those with normal G6PD did not. It was concluded that the G6PD elevation, when it occurred, was reflecting cell age changes, and was probably without pathogenetic significance. Furthermore, the data suggest that G6PD might be clinically useful in evaluating the rate of erythrocyte production in myelofibrotic patients.