tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonclonal hemopoietic progenitors in a G6PD heterozygote with chronic myelogenous leukemia revealed after long‐term marrow culture
Authors: Donna E. Hogge, Laure Coulombel, Dagmar K. Kalousek, Connie J. Eaves, Allen C. Eaves
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract When marrow cells from Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients are placed into long‐term culture, Ph‐positive progenitor numbers typically decline rapidly. Karyotypically normal cells derived from persisting, but previously undetectable, precursors can then frequently be demonstrated. To investigate the origin of these cytogenetically normal progenitors, longterm cultures were established with marrow from a girl with CML who was also heterozygous for the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme variants A and B as shown by studies of her skin fibroblasts. Erythroid and granulocytic colonies generated in methylcellulose assays of fresh marrow from this patient were all Phpositive and expressed the enzyme G6PD‐A as found in the mature blood cells. In assays of 4‐ and 6‐ week‐old long‐term cultures, numbers of progenitors present were low and most were Ph‐positive, but some (2/11) were Ph‐negative. G6PD analysis showed that a similar proportion was not part of the neoplastic clone (4/30 were G6PD‐B and 26/30 were G6PD‐A). Thus, long‐term marrow culture in conjunction with G6PD analysis was able to reveal the presence of a nonclonal hemopoietic progenitor population in a CML patient where such cells would not otherwise have been detected. This approach may offer a novel strategy for the demonstration and selection of populations of normal hemopoietic progenitors in other patients where the malignant cells cannot be distinguished by chromosome analysis.
Racial Differences in Risks for First Cardiovascular Events and Noncardiovascular Death
Authors: Matthew Feinstein, Hongyan Ning, Joseph Kang, Alain Bertoni, Mercedes Carnethon, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— No studies have compared first cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and non-CVD death between races in a competing risks framework, which examines risks for numerous events simultaneously. Methods and Results— We used competing Cox models to estimate hazards for first CVD events and non-CVD death within and between races in 3 multicenter, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored cohorts. Of 14 569 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants aged 45 to 64 years with mean follow-up of 10.5 years, 11.6% had CVD and 5.0% had non-CVD death as first events; among 4237 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) study participants aged 65 to 84 years and followed for 8.5 years, these figures were 43.2% and 15.7%, respectively. Middle-aged blacks were significantly more likely than whites to experience any CVD as a first event; this disparity disappeared by older adulthood and after adjustment for CVD risk factors. The pattern of results was similar for Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Traditional Cox and competing risks models yielded different results for coronary heart disease risk. Black men appeared somewhat more likely than white men to experience coronary heart disease with use of a standard Cox model (hazard ratio 1.06; 95% CI 0.90, 1.26), whereas they appeared less likely than white men to have a first coronary heart disease event with use of a competing risks model (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.00). Conclusions— CVD affects blacks at an earlier age than whites; this may be attributable in part to elevated CVD risk factor levels among blacks. Racial disparities in first CVD incidence disappear by older adulthood. Competing risks analyses may yield somewhat different results than traditional Cox models and provide a complementary approach to examining risks for first CVD events.
Functional T cells in rabbits gut mucosal lymphocytes.
Authors: D P Singal, M O'Neill, R Clancy, J Bienenstock
Journal: Gut (1976)

Functional studies of Peyer's patch and gut mucosa lymphocytes were performed in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLC), an in vitro measure of the capacity of T cells to recognize and respond to cell surface alloantigens. The data demonstrate the functional effectiveness of both these mucosal lymphocyte populations in one-way MLC, both as responding as well as stimulating cells. Both the responding and stimulating capacities of these cells in MLC were almost the same as observed for lymphocytes obtained from either spleen or thymus. We conclude that functional T cells exist in both rabbit gut lamina propria and Peyer's patches with approximately the same quantitative capacity to respond in the MLC.
Junior doctor's conviction for involuntary manslaughter raises concern over medical training
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An intern in Germany who was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter in the hospital death of an infant has appealed the conviction in a higher court.

The intern, who since has been certified and now practises medicine at another hospital, is being supported in his appeal by the University of Munster, where he studied medicine.

In August 2011 the …
Rate limiting factors in recruitment of patients to clinical trials in cancer research: descriptive study
Authors: P. Corrie
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> Estimate the time-course of the spread of key pathological markers and the onset of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. <h3>Methods</h3> In a cohort of 336 older adults, ranging in cognitive functioning, we estimated the time of initial changes of Aβ, tau, and decreases in cognition with respect to the time of Aβ-positivity. <h3>Results</h3> Small effect sizes of change in CSF Aβ42 and regional Aβ PET were estimated to occur several decades before Aβ-positivity. Increases in CSF tau occurred 11-12 years before Aβ-positivity. Temporoparietal tau PET showed increases 4-5 years before Aβ-positivity. Subtle cognitive dysfunction was observed 7-9 years before Aβ-positivity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Increases in tau and cognitive dysfunction occur years before the presence of significant Aβ. Explicit estimates of the time for these events provide a clearer picture of the time course of the amyloid cascade and identify potential windows for specific treatments.
Symptomless Haematuria in Childhood
Authors: E. F. Glasgow, M. W. Moncrieff, R. H. R. White
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The clinical, laboratory, and renal biopsy findings in 47 children with symptomless haematuria are reported. In 41 the haematuria was recurrent. Local causes were excluded by means of intravenous urography, which was normal in all but one child, who had a horseshoe kidney.Since all the patients had presented in a similar manner they were classified into four groups according to the severity of glomerular changes on renal biopsy. In group I the glomeruli were optically normal. In group 2 they showed a variable degree of mesangial thickening with absent or minimal cellular proliferation. In group 3 there was diffuse mesangial thickening and proliferation-an appearance indistinguishable from that of subsiding post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Compared with groups 1 and 2, more patients in this group had persistent proteinuria, as well as evidence of streptococcal infection preceding the initial haematuria. Only two patients showed severe proliferative glomerulonephritis on biopsy (group 4); both had heavy proteinuria and one repeatedly had low serum beta1(c)-globulin levels.
Endoscopic GIST resection using FlushKnife ESD and subsequent perforation closure by means of endoscopic full-thickness suturing
Authors: D. von Renteln, B. Riecken, B. Walz, H. Muehleisen, K. Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been debated whether the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery are acceptable when removing these lesions, which have a low potential for malignancy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en-bloc resection of such lesions regardless of their size and shape. However, ESD is associated with a risk of perforation of up to 5 %, depending on the size and location of the lesion. In order to maintain better visualization during ESD, the Fujinon FlushKnife (Fujinon, Willich, Germany) has been recently developed [1] [2] [3].
CAUTION WITH REGARD TO USE OF HEXAMETHONIUM AND "APRESOLINE"
Authors: K. S. Grimson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

A report to the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry<sup>1</sup>in 1949 described actions of adrenolytic or sympatholytic and ganglionic blocking drugs then available. It warned that these drugs should be used with caution if at all in patients who have partial obstruction of coronary or cerebral arteries. Such obstruction often exists along with the systemic arterial changes of hypertension or peripheral vascular disease. In patients of this type cerebral or myocardial ischemia has developed with reduction of blood pressure following administration of drugs, and occasionally death has occurred. Since that report<sup>1</sup>several other drugs capable of blocking the efferent pathways of the sympathetic nervous system have been developed. One, hexamethonium chloride ("methium"), is an orally effective ganglionic blocking agent. Another, 1-hydrazinophthalazine hydrochloride (C-5968, "apresoline"), is a weakly adrenolytic and sympatholytic agent having several complex actions. These two drugs have been released by the Federal Food and Drug Administration
Lectures on the Varieties in the Muscles of Man: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1873)

IN considering the irregularities in the muscles of the forearm and hand, I will first dispose of the palmaris longus, which is, perhaps, more subject to non-development as well as to irregularities, and to a greater variety of irregularities, than any other muscle in the body.In- deed, it varies in almost every conceivable manner.It is often absent altogether.It is sometimes double, or three muscles are present.The usual disposition of muscle and tendon may be reversed, the latter being nearest the elbow.It may arise from the coronoid process of the ulna, or from the radius in the neighbourhood of the origin of the flexor sublimis digitorum, or displacing a part of that muscle; or it may be joined by slips from either the radius or the ulna.It may arise from, or derive slips from, either of the adjacent muscles-the flexor -carpi ulnaris, the flexor carpi radialis, the pronator teres, or the flexor sublimis digitorum.It may be lost in the fascia of the forearm, or be attached to the pisciform bone.It may take a deep course, running to *the ulna or to the carpal bones.It may blend with the flexor subli- mis or the flexor profundus digitorum, with the flexor carpi ulnaris, or the exterior ossis metacarpi pollicis ; or it may run into the muscles of the little finger.In one instance, it arose from the radius and gave off the short flexor of the little finger.Often it varies on the two sides, being present in one arm and absent in the other, or having different connections in the two arms.This variability is in accordance with the unimportant nature of the functions of the muscle, which can be spared without much detriment.It is in accordance, also, with the instability of the muscle in the lower animals, in the greater number of which it is absent.The several muscles on the flexor aspect of the forearm and hand ,are the produce of the segmentation and concentration into groups of the elements of a pronato-flexor mass, the fibres of which are directed downwards with some obliquity towards the radial side, and which is seen in a comparatively simple form in Urodelans.*The several mus- cles lie nearly parallel, harmonise in their action, and are very variable in lower animals.\Ve are not surprised, therefore, that they present many examples of imperfect segmentation, and of want of due concen- tration within their respective bounds.
Radon—Getting the Dosimetry Right-Reply
Authors: William R. Hendee
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Toohey and Watson point out that the COUNCIL REPORT equates a radon exposure of 1.3 pCi/L to a lung dose of 8.7 mrem rather than the intended value of 8.7 rem. We discovered this error when the article appeared, published an erratum (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:47), and corrected the reprints by calculating the dose for 1.3 pCi/L from first principles rather than using Sorensen's value. The result of 3.1 to 4.6 rem, depending on assumptions about equilibrium, is consistent with Drs Toohey and Watson's estimate of 2.4 rem for 1pCi/L.
The <b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>In vivo</i> </b> Effects of Re-Expressing Methylated <b> <i>von Hippel-Lindau</i> </b> Tumor Suppressor Gene in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine
Authors: Wade G. Alleman, Ray L. Tabios, Gadisetti V. R. Chandramouli, Olga N. Aprelikova, Carlos Torres-Cabala, Arnulfo Mendoza, Craig Rodgers, Nikolai A. Sopko, W. Marston Linehan, James R. Vasselli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is strongly associated with loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. The VHL gene is functionally lost through hypermethylation in up to 19% of sporadic ccRCC cases. We theorized that re-expressing VHL silenced by methylation in ccRCC cells, using a hypo-methylating agent, may be an approach to treatment in patients with this type of cancer. We test the ability of two hypo-methylating agents to re-express VHL in cell culture and in mice bearing human ccRCC and evaluate the effects of re-expressed VHL in these models.Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to evaluate the ability of zebularine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCyd) to re-express VHL in four ccRCC cell lines with documented VHL gene silencing through hypermethylation. We evaluated if the VHL re-expressed after hypo-methylating agent treatment could recreate similar phenotypic changes in ccRCC cells observed when the VHL gene is re-expressed via transfection in cell culture and in a xenograft mouse model. Finally we evaluate global gene expression changes occurring in our cells, using microarray analysis.5-Aza-dCyd was able to re-express VHL in our cell lines both in culture and in xenografted murine tumors. Well described phenotypic changes of VHL expression including decreased invasiveness into Matrigel, and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter-1 expression were observed in the treated lines. VHL methylated ccRCC xenografted tumors were significantly reduced in size in mice treated with 5-aza-dCyd. Mice bearing nonmethylated but VHL-mutated tumors showed no tumor shrinkage with 5-aza-dCyd treatment.Hypo-methylating agents may be useful in the treatment of patients having ccRCC tumors consisting of cells with methylated VHL.
TREATMENT OF SCURVY WITH CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN C
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf
Journal: JAMA (1935)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Irving Sherwood Wright of New York has called my attention to a report of his (Treatment of Adult Scurvy and Crystalline Vitamin C [Ascorbic Acid], Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med.  32: 475 [Dec.] 1934), in which capillary fragility was reported as one of the signs of scurvy which responds to injections of cevitamic acid.  Dr. Russell and I would have quoted this earlier observation in our recent paper (The Effect of Cevitamic Acid Injections on Capillary Resistance,The Journal, May 11, p. 1701) if we had been acquainted with it. It appears to be the first published report of the effect of cevitamic acid on capillary fragility. A complete report by Dr. Wright will soon appear in the Archives of Internal Medicine .
Hemoptysis During Orgasm
Authors: Richard C. Woellner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Regarding the discusion in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (239:351, 1978) concerning a patient with hemoptysis during orgasm, we would like to share the following case.  Report of a Case.—  A 34-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of hemoptysis occurring only when she achieved orgasm during her menstrual period. Physical examination, chest x-ray film, coagulation values, and cardiac echo were normal. Bronchoscopy during her menses was entirely normal below the cords, but upper airway examination showed a greatly engorged nasal mucosa that bled easily when touched. This engorgement was not present between menses.  Comment.—  Since this phenomenon occurred only while supine, our supposition is that this patient aspirated blood from the erectile tissue along the inferior turbinates, tissue known to become engorged during menstruation and orgasm. A second cause of hemoptysis during menses considered in this patient was extrapelvic endometriosis. An area of ectopic endometrium would be vascular and
66 HIGH SUSTAINED VIRAL RESPONSE AT 12- AND 24-WEEK FOLLOW-UP OF MK-5172 WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON alfa-2b AND RIBAVIRIN (PR) IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 TREATMENT-NAIVE NON-CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: M. Manns, J.M. Vierling, B.R. Bacon, P. Marcellin, L. Caro, J. Gress, C. Gilbert, M.P. Cooreman, M. Robertson, P. Hwang, J. Wahl, N. Mobashery
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The acidifying effect of lactate is neutralized by the alkalinizing effect of hypoalbuminemia in non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure
Authors: Georg-Christian Funk, Daniel Doberer, Valentin Fuhrmann, Ulrike Holzinger, Reinhard Kitzberger, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Gregor Lindner, Bruno Schneeweiss
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Independent and Joint Effects of Antibodies to Human Heat-Shock Protein 60 and <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection in the Development of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Katalin Burian, Zoltan Kis, Dezso Virok, Valeria Endresz, Zoltan Prohaszka, Jeno Duba, Klara Berencsi, Krisztina Boda, Laura Horvath, Laszlo Romics, George Fust, Eva Gonczol
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Studies have suggested that the prevalence of antibodies against heat-shock proteins (HSPs), Chlamydia pneumoniae ( Cpn ), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the independent or joint effects of human (h) HSP60 antibodies and these pathogens in patients have not been fully elucidated. Methods and Results —A total of 405 subjects (276 patients with CAD and 129 control individuals) were tested for serum antibodies to hHSP60, Cpn , and CMV immediate-early-1 (IE1) antigens. Patients were also assessed for serum cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and smoking habit. Significantly elevated levels of antibodies to hHSP60 and Cpn but not to CMV-IE1 antigens were documented in CAD patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis and subanalyses of selected subjects showed that these associations were independent of age, sex, smoking, and serum lipid levels. Antibodies to hHSP60 and Cpn did not correlate quantitatively; however, the relative risk of disease development was substantially increased in subjects with high antibody levels to both hHSP60 and Cpn , reaching an odds ratio of 82.0 (95% CI 10.6 to 625.0). Conclusions —High levels of antibodies to hHSP60 and Cpn are independent risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis, but their simultaneous presence substantially increases the risk for disease development.
Educating beginning practitioners. Challenges for health professional education.: Ed. J Higgs, H Edwards. (Pp 303; pound27.50.) Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1999. ISBN 0-7506-3773-0.
Authors: Elaine Atkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Use of imaging data for predicting clinical outcomeEDITOR,-We would like to air three points that arise from the paper Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis. 1 Firstly, unfortunately the word "partial" has been omitted from the conclusion (abstract).The conclusion currently reads "There appears to be an association between microtear formation and Achilles tendon rupture".The distinction needs to be made, as the paper's Take home message concludes with the words "There may be a role for ultrasound in identifying athletes at high risk of tendon rupture", and in this case it appears that the authors mean complete tendon rupture.It is important that this ambiguity is clarified.Secondly, although it is well accepted that in many cases tendinosis precedes "spontaneous" tendon rupture, 2 it does not necessarily follow that sonographic abnormality will lead to (complete) tendon rupture.The tissue based pathologies found by Kannus and Jozsa may be more subtle than can be detected by sonography.We feel that, without longitudinal data in a large cohort with an appropriate control group, Gibbon and colleagues are not in a position to draw a conclusion on sonographic screenings of athletes.Thirdly, given the cross sectional study design, the authors should provide caveats emphasising that their theory of tendon remodelling paralleling that of bone is purely speculative.Cross sectional athlete-control comparisons (such as those provided to sustain the argument on tendon remodelling) do not provide evidence of causality-such diVerences can result merely from selection bias.If athlete-control diVerence were causally related, then one could take up basketball in order to grow tall.We emphasise the need for prospectively collected data to predict future outcome.Researchers and clinicians should desist from speculating as to the longitudinal clinical significance of imaging data collected at one point in time only.To our knowledge, there is only one published prospective ultrasonography and clinical correlation study in the tendon literature at present, 3 and it shows rather poor predictive value of ultrasonography in terms of development of symptoms and clinical findings of patellar tendinopathy in female basketball players.Until researchers and reviewers acknowledge the importance of longitudinally collected data for predicting clinical outcome, our imaging field will continue to be mired in a debate based on speculation rather than science.
A REMARKABLE CASE OF PYORRHŒA ALVEOLARIS, WITH REPRODUCTION OF BONE, OCCURRING IN THE PRACTICE OF DR. ALLPORT, CHICAGO, ILL.
Authors: JOHN S. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[In the Section on Oral Surgery, June, 1883.] Mr. J. B. T., merchant, aged 46, of bilious temperament and fine physique, consulted Dr. A., on Feb. 10, 1883, with reference to a diseased condition of the teeth and gums and a profuse discharge of pus. Upon examination it was found that the right central incisor had been lost about five or six years previously. The teeth were very loose; those most affected were the remaining superior incisors and cuspids. The first bicuspid and first molar of the left side, the second molar of the right side, and the inferior incisors and cuspids and first molars were also affected. The diagram upon the blackboard illustrates the condition only of the anterior upper teeth, the dotted lines representing the loss of bone tissue (alveolar process) as ascertained by the use of a probe passed under the gum and following the roots of
Purification and Biophysical Characterization of Hepatitis B Antigen
Authors: Chung Yong Kim, Jeremiah G. Tilles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) has been purified from serum by pepsin digestion and equilibrium sedimentation. The sedimentation coefficient, density, particle size, and electrophoretic mobility have been determined before and after purification and found to be unaltered. In addition, the diffusion constant and molecular weight of purified HB Ag have been documented. Because the biophysical characteristics found are not consistant with those of any known virus, it is believed that native HB Ag is made up almost entirely of incomplete virus.