tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Flow Velocity Pattern Immediately After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention as a Predictor of Complications and In-Hospital Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Takashi Akasaka, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Minako Katayama, Tsutomu Takagi, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Recently, it was reported that the degree of microvascular injury and left ventricular functional recovery during the chronic period can be predicted after treatment of the infarct-related artery based on the coronary flow velocity (CFV) pattern assessed using a Doppler guidewire. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether the CFV pattern may predict complications and in-hospital survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results— The study population consisted of 169 consecutive patients with a first anterior AMI successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We examined the CFV pattern immediately after PCI using a Doppler guidewire. In accordance with previous findings, we defined severe microvascular injury as a diastolic deceleration time ≤600 ms and the presence of systolic flow reversal. Patients were divided into two groups: those without severe microvascular injury (n=118; group 1) and those with severe microvascular injury (n=51; group 2). All of the patients who had cardiac rupture were in group 2. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was observed more frequently in group 2 than in group 1 (53% versus 8%, P &lt;0.001). The in-hospital cardiac mortality rate was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (18% versus 0%, P &lt;0.001). Nine patients in group 2 died, 5 patients because of CHF and 4 patients because of cardiac rupture. Conclusions— These findings suggest that the CFV pattern is an accurate predictor of the presence or absence of complications and of in-hospital survival after AMI.
Purinogenic Immunodeficiency Diseases: Clinical Features and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: BEVERLY S. MITCHELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Deficiencies of two enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions in the purine catabolic pathway have been causally associated with immunodeficiency states. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency results in severe combined immunodeficiency disease, while purine nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency results in an isolated T-cell defect. Recent work in this area has provided major new insights into the molecular pathology of these syndromes. Deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine, substrates that accumulate in ADA and PNP deficiency, respectively, appear to be selectively phosphorylated by lymphoid cells to the corresponding deoxynucleoside triphosphate, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis in these cells. Both deoxynucleosides are far more toxic to cultured T lymphoblasts than to B lymphoblasts. Adenosine and deoxyadenosine may have additional lymphotoxic effects mediated by inhibition of essential methylation reactions. These observations help to explain the immunologic manifestations of ADA and PNP deficiency. Perhaps more important, they lay the foundation for the use of deoxynucleosides or enzyme inhibitors, or both, as selective immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic agents.
NEW MALE GENITO-URINARY BASIN
Authors: William W. Goldnamer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The design and shape of this basin are new; it is especially made to fit the male interthigh position. This is quite important, because this position in a male is a triangle with the base at the knees; in other words, the narrowed pelvis and the relative position of the heads of the femur in a male demand a quite different shape for this kind of basin than were it used for a female. Another new point in this basin, and an obvious advantage, is that the splash, at any angle, is toward the floor of the basin. <h3>SALIENT FEATURES OF BASIN</h3> The material is the finest technical porcelain and quite strong, fully glazed and will not stain or discolor. Being 11 by 8½ by 5 inches, it is large and roomy, with a capacity of more than a quart. There are no angles or corners that cannot be cleaned
867. Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing To Increase Blood Levels of Apolipoprotein A-I and High Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Madaiah Puttaraju, Jun Wang, Alan T. Remaley, Bryan H. Brewer, Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, Gerard J. McGarrity
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) represent an important predictor of cardiovascular disease risk1,2. An increase of 1mg/dl in HDL correlates with a risk reduction of cardiovascular disease of 2–3%3. We have adapted spliceosome mediated RNA trans-splicing technology (SMaRT™) to trans-splice the sequences of wild type human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) into the highly abundant albumin pre-mRNA in hepatocytes with the objective of transiently increasing blood levels of HDL. ApoA-I is the major protein component of HDL. We targeted a pre-trans-splicing molecule (PTM) to bind to specific sequences in the first intron of mouse albumin pre-mRNA. The bound PTM will then trans-splice, inserting sequences for human ApoA-I into intron 1 of albumin pre-mRNA. With trans-splicing, apoA-I would be made in hepatocytes, the same cells that naturally synthesize apoA-I. Mincircle plasmids encoding this PTM were hydrodynamically injected into the tail vein of C57Bl/6 mice. Trans-spliced product was detected within 48 hours of injection which resulted in an increase of 20–25 mg/dl HDL in independent experiments. These increases persisted for at least 8 weeks when the studies were terminated; the trans-spliced product could be detected for at least 10 weeks after injection. In a separate study, 10, 25 or 70 ug minicrcle PTM was administered to mice. Plasmids were re-administered eight weeks after the first injection. Following re-administration, apoA-I blood levels increased 3–5x in a dose response fashion, suggesting the absence of immunogenic response to either the transgene or the minicircle plasmid. Since intron sequences are not well conserved among species, a PTM was developed to target intron 1 of human albumin. In comparative studies with in vitro model systems, the PTM targeting the human albumin transcript was approximately 3x more efficient in trans-splicing than its mouse counterpart. In addition, the level of human albumin pre-mRNA was 1.6x that of its mouse counterpart. These results demonstrate that targeting highly abundant transcripts, such as albumin, might be appropriate for in vivo synthesis of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Literature cited: Brewer, H.B. Amer. Heart J.148:514-S15-S-18, 2004. Castelli, W.P. Can. J. Cardiol. 4 (Suppl A): 5–10A, 1988. Olsson, A.G. et al. Eur Heart J. 26: 890–896, 2005. I have company stock options.
Peptidergic modulation of mechanotransduction in rat arterial baroreceptors.
Authors: M Y Yang, M C Andresen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Regularly discharging baroreceptors in a rat in vitro aortic arch preparation were exposed to increasing concentrations of one of four vasoactive peptides: angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, or substance P. Slow ramps of pressure evoked discharge responses in single-fiber baroreceptors. Instantaneous discharge frequency was measured simultaneously with aortic diameter and pressure. During constriction induced by angiotensin II or arginine vasopressin, baroreceptor diameter threshold (Dth) decreased and pressure threshold (Pth) tended to increase; these effects were reduced or eliminated by nitroprusside. Atrial natriuretic factor and substance P by themselves were without effect on vessel diameter or on baroreceptor discharge. In preparations preconstricted with a moderate concentration of phenylephrine (10(-8) M), atrial natriuretic factor reduced the phenylephrine-induced constriction and increased Dth and decreased Pth. Substance P, even at high concentrations, was less effective than atrial natriuretic factor in reducing phenylephrine constriction and in altering baroreceptor discharge. Baroreceptor gain was unaffected by any of these peptides. Thus, changes in smooth muscle tone altered mechanotransduction by shifts in 1) the vessel pressure-diameter relation and 2) baroreceptor threshold requirements (Pth and Dth). Changes in the baroreceptor mechanical threshold (Dth) reduced the effects on Pth expected from changes in vessel wall mechanics. Pth reflects the net effects of vessel wall and Dth changes. Pth generally increased during constrictions and decreased during dilations. The changes in Dth and their selectivity (no changes in gain) during vasoactive peptide action closely resemble rapid resetting of baroreceptors. We propose that vascular smooth muscle lies in a parallel arrangement with aortic baroreceptors and that a common compensatory mechanism regulates Dth during sustained changes in vessel diameter. Activation of smooth muscle and reductions in transmural pressure would reduce loading of baroreceptors, and the proposed compensatory mechanism would tend to keep discharge constant by decreasing Dth. Our experiments, however, cannot distinguish between hypotheses for local micromechanical changes in coupling or for changes modulating excitability within the baroreceptor neuron itself as the basis for Dth adjustments.
Dexamethasone suppression test as a simple measure of stress?
Authors: G W Mellsop, J D Hutton, J W Delahunt
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Non-suppression of cortisol by dexamethasone has been described as a biological marker of a diagnostic subgroup of depressed patients. This paper presents the hypothesis that the degree of non-suppression is a variable that reflects the quantity of stress or distress experienced by the patient rather than relating to a specific diagnosis. Such a quantitative measure of stress would be valuable for research in general medicine as well as in psychiatry. Testing of this postulate should apply a more precise interpretation of endocrine principles than has been applied to the dexamethasone suppression test to date.
Steroids and Fibrinolysis
Authors: A. G. Dettori, O. Ponari
Journal: BMJ (1964)

those in which there was some doubt as to the diagnosis and laparotomy was carried out and biopsy taken.We have noted the relatively common occurrence of carcinoma of the prostate in this region; this is not mentioned in the Kampala series, though there seems no obvious reason to account for this.One further comment remains, and this seems to be the relatively high occurrence of chorioncarcinoma ; this represents an incidence of about 1 in 500 deliveries, and though there is bound to be some selection in that only abnormal cases come to hospital there does seem to be a relatively high incidence.We have noticed a similar trend in the inci- dence of hydatidiform mole and it is possible that these two are interconnected.-Iam, etc., Mvumi Hospital,
Aldose Reductase Regulates Growth Factor-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Ravinder Tammali, Kota V. Ramana, Sharad S. Singhal, Sanjay Awasthi, Satish K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduces the progression of colon cancer. Inhibition of aldose reductase (AR; EC. 1.1.1.21.) by sorbinil or by antisense ablation prevented fibroblast growth factor–induced and platelet-derived growth factor–induced up-regulation of PGE2 synthesis in human colon cancer cells, Caco-2. AR besides reducing aldo-sugars efficiently reduces toxic lipid aldehydes and their conjugates with glutathione. Inhibition of AR prevented growth factor-induced COX-2 activity, protein, and mRNA and significantly decreased activation of nuclear factor-κB and protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphorylation of PKC-β2 as well as progression of Caco-2 cell growth but had no effect on COX-1 activity. Cell cycle analysis suggests that inhibition of AR prevents growth factor-induced proliferation of Caco-2 cells at S phase. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with the most abundant and toxic lipid aldehyde 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) or its glutathione-conjugate [glutathionyl-HNE (GS-HNE)] or AR-catalyzed product of GS-HNE, glutathionyl-1,4-dihydroxynonane (GS-DHN), resulted in increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Inhibition of AR prevented HNE- or GS-HNE-induced but not GS-DHN-induced up-regulation of COX-2 and PGE2. More importantly, in vivo studies showed that administration of AR-small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not control siRNA, to nude mice bearing SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells completely arrested tumor progression. Collectively, these observations suggest that AR is an obligatory mediator of growth factor-induced up-regulation of COX-2, PGE2, and growth of Caco-2 cells, indicating that inhibition of AR may be a novel therapeutic approach in preventing the progression of colon cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9705-13)
Aldosterone Antagonists and Outcomes in Real-World Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kanan Patel, Gregg C. Fonarow, Dalane W. Kitzman, Inmaculada B. Aban, Thomas E. Love, Richard M. Allman, Mihai Gheorghiade, Ali Ahmed
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Effect of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, theophylline, and other nucleotides upon calcium and phosphate metabolism
Authors: Howard Rasmussen, Maurice Pechet, Danuta Fast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The effect of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate upon calcium and phosphate metabolism in thyroparathyroidectomized rats was undertaken in an effort to clarify the possible role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (3',5' AMP) in parathyroid hormone action. The infusion of dibutyryl cyclic 3',5' AMP at a rate of 3 mg/hr into thyroparathyroidectomized rats leads to changes in calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyproline excretion, and calcium and phosphate concentrations in plasma that are qualitatively similar to those induced by parathyroid hormone given at a rate of 5 mug/hr. The effect of dibutyryl cyclic 3',5' AMP upon calcium and hydroxyproline mobilization from bone is blocked by thyrocalcitonin administration in the same way that thyrocalcitonin blocks PTH effects. Other closely related nucleotides do not act in the same way. These data indicate that dibutyryl cyclic 3',5' AMP produces effects similar to parathyroid hormone in thyroparathyroidectomized rats, and support the notion that 3',5' AMP is an intermediate in the mechanism of PTH action. However, the changes in magnesium and potassium excretion are different after dibutyryl cyclic 3',5' AMP infusion from those seen after PTH infusion. Also, theophylline was found to potentiate the action of smaller doses of dibutyryl 3',5' AMP, but not that of PTH.
A CASE OF OCCUPATIONAL IRON PIGMENTATION OF THE SKIN.
Authors: P. J. HARE, Johns Hopkins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article A CASE OF OCCUPATIONAL IRON PIGMENTATION OF THE SKIN. Get access P. J. HARE, M.B., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.P.Lond., M.D., P. J. HARE, M.B., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.P.Lond., M.D. Registrar, Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Johns Hopkins Johns Hopkins Registrar, Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 2, 1 February 1951, Pages 63–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13689.x Published: 01 February 1951
Thermoactivated Price-Label Fume Intolerance
Authors: Ruediger H. Andrasch
Journal: JAMA (1976)

REACTIVE airway disease has been reported to occur with increased frequency among meat wrappers. Prolonged exposure to pyrolysates of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft-wrap films was initially implicated in the cause of this occupational disorder.<sup>1</sup>Severe asthma developed in a meat cutter after repeated occupational exposure to fumes of thermoactivated price-label adhesives. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 43-year-old man with a history of heavy cigarette smoking (45 cartons annually) was employed as a meat cutter for 25 years. He was asymptomatic until 1968 when he noted recurrent episodes of chest tightness and productive cough. Initially, these attacks developed only at work and appeared to be closely related to exposure to fumes of PVC meat-wrap film generated when the PVC resin was cut by the hot wire of the meat-wrapping console. His symptoms intensified at the end of the work week, decreased on weekends, and were virtually absent during vacation. In
Studies on platelets before and after stroke in a patient with essential thrombocythaemia
Authors: S Heptinstall, S R Cockbill, M E Burgess-Wilson, E W Jones
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Une observation. Les plaquettes sont en etat d'hyperaggregabilite 3 jours avant un ictus; apres l'accident elles sont hypoaggregables et leur nombre est tres diminue. Avant et apres l'ictus le traitement par epoprostenol (inhibiteur) est inefficace. Ces modifications des plaquettes et leur resistance a l'inhibiteur peuvent jouer un role dans la pathogenese de l'ictus. Le traitement par aspirine et dipyridamole pourrait etre utile
THE EYES AND EARS OF EMPLOYEES OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Color-blindness is an abnormal condition of the visual apparatus, causing an inability to accurately, invariably and properly distinguish the colors of the solar spectrum. Several varieties exist, but the most frequent is that causing difficulty or impossibility in distinguishing between red and green, which is especially unfortunate, as these colors are universally adopted as important signals in transportation service. Investigations indicate the universality of chromatic aberration in all observed nations, but with diminished frequency in the educated, and in peoples possessing great love for colors and artistic decorations such as the Africans, Japanese and Chinese. Indeed, it is claimed by some observers that the people of India are able to perceive 300 different shades of colors not perceptible to European eyes. No evident physical manifestation exists rendering an objective diagnosis possible. Opinions as to color visual acuity must therefore rest on tests, which are well described in text-books. My brother,
Classification and Treatment of Tremor
Authors: Mark Hallett
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 60-YEAR-OLD right-handed man complained of tremor when writing. He had been an accountant for much of his professional life and about 5 years earlier had begun to experience tremor of his right hand only when writing. The tremor gradually worsened, making it difficult to write legibly. Legibility was improved by writing slowly but doing so reduced productivity. He consulted several physicians, who diagnosed essential tremor. Trials of propranolol hydrochloride and primidone did not help. By age 58 years, he was embarrassed by this problem and retired. The problem continued to worsen, but, because the demand for writing was minimal, he could cope. The patient consulted his physician because of difficulty in signing checks. He had no other neurological complaints. Family history of tremor was negative, and examination showed only a problem with writing. There was no tremor at rest, on maintaining a posture, or with the finger-to-nose
Pulmonary deposition and disappearance of aerosolised secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor.
Authors: J Stolk, J Camps, H I Feitsma, J Hermans, J H Dijkman, E K Pauwels
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The neutrophil elastase inhibitor, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is a potential therapeutic tool in inflammatory lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema. The distribution and disappearance in the lung of aerosolised recombinant SLPI (rSLPI) was investigated in healthy humans and in patients with cystic fibrosis or alpha 1-antitrypsin-associated emphysema. METHODS--To distinguish aerosolised rSLPI from endogenous SLPI the recombinant inhibitor was radiolabelled with 99m-technetium (99mTc) pertechnetate. Distribution and disappearance of aerosolised 99mTc-rSLPI in the lungs were studied by gamma radiation imaging. RESULTS--The deposition of 99mTc-rSLPI in normal volunteers was homogeneous in all lung lobes, while in patients with cystic fibrosis or emphysema only well ventilated areas showed deposition of the aerosol. The disappearance rate of 99mTc-rSLPI was biexponential. The half life of the rapid phase was 0.2-2.8 hours, while that of the slow phase was more than 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS--Future aerosol therapy with rSLPI will be most beneficial for well ventilated lung tissue that needs protection against neutrophil derived elastase. It may be more difficult to neutralise the burden of elastase in poorly ventilated, highly inflamed areas as are seen in cystic fibrosis.
Munchausen's syndrome by proxy: a warning for health professionals.
Authors: L Amegavie, O Marzouk, J Mullen, J Sills, J B Gauthier le Tendre
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A propos d'une observation: une jeune mere declare que sa fille de 4 mois presente des hemorragies buccales et anales, mais les examens ne montrent rien d'anormal. Les medecins et infirmieres ne doivent pas negliger des cas semblables, qui peuvent etre des cas de mauvais traitement de l'enfant. Une enquete medico-legale et psychiatrique est indiquee
Increased sensory neuropeptides in nodular prurigo: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: F.ABADIA MOLINA, N.P. BURROWS, R.RUSSELL JONES, G. TERENGHI, J.M. POLAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Seven patients with nodular prurigo, five patients with lichenified eczema and seven control volunteers were studied immunohistochemically using antisera to the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the C-flanking region of neuropeptide Y (C-PON). PGP-, CGRP- and SP-immunoreactivities were also evaluated using image analysis quantification, and the data compared by statistical analysis. No significant changes were noted in the lichenified skin of patients with chronic eczema, compared with the control groups. In contrast, a significant increase in PGP immunoreactive nerve fibers was seen in lesional skin of all nodular prurigo cases studied, when compared with non-lesional skin from the same patient or from control subjects (P < 0.001). In one case massive neural hyperplasia was also identified. Staining for CGRP and SP showed a large increase of immunoreactive nerves in lesional skin of nodular prurigo patients, which closely paralleled that of PGP. Staining with VIP, C-PON and TH was similar in both lesional and non-lesional skin. These results indicate that neural changes in nodular prurigo are associated with an increase of sensory neuropeptides, which could be related to the intense pruritus which accompanies nodular prurigo. The absence of significant changes in lichenified skin suggests that the increase in CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres is a characteristic feature of nodular prurigo and may be important in its pathogenesis.
Birth-Day Choices
Authors: Ellice Lieberman, Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Delivery outside the high-technology atmosphere of the hospital is an attractive alternative to many women. Although an exact estimate of the number of women who deliver in birth centers is unavailable, in 1980 between 1 and 4 percent of American women gave birth in settings other than hospitals.1 Opinions about alternative birth sites have been widely divergent and often emotional. Opponents express concern about the potential medical risks, whereas supporters stress the psychological advantage of the birth-center environment and the absence of excessive medical intervention.1 The controversy surrounding this issue has prompted an Institute of Medicine evaluation of the safety . . .