tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Expanding Hematomas
Authors: John D. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Chronic expanding hematomas occur in many locations, often simulating neoplasms. All have the same structure with a central mass of blood, a wall of granulation tissue, and dense, fibrous tissue at the periphery. The self-perpetuating expanding nature of the lesion appears to be due to the irritant effects of blood and its breakdown products, causing repeated exudation or bleeding from capillaries in the granulation tissue. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2441-2442, 1980)
Bilateral Ovarian Metastases From Colon Carcinoma Visualized on F-18 FDG PET Scan
Authors: Travis Henley, Madhusudhan P. Reddy, Mohan R. Ramaswamy, David L. Lilien
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Ovarian metastases (Krukenberg tumor) from primary colorectal carcinoma are relatively uncommon despite the fact that the colon is the most frequent location for gastrointestinal primaries. There are a number of diagnostic and management issues that appear to impact on survival, including timing of definitive diagnosis of Krukenberg tumors such as before, after, or at the same time as diagnosis of the gastrointestinal primary tumor, menopausal status, concurrent pregnancy, role of debulking, and prophylactic oophorectomy. We present a case of bilateral ovarian metastases visualized on fluorine-18-2-fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) and CEA Scan using Tc-99m arcitumomab after right hemicolectomy for cecal carcinoma. PET is a useful modality to evaluate for metastases.
Prognostic value of pharmacological stress echocardiography in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Alessandro Pingitore, Eugenio Picano, Albert Varga, Guido Gigli, Lauro Cortigiani, Mario Previtali, Giovanni Minardi, Massimo Quarta Colosso, Jorge Lowenstein, Wilson Mathias, Patrizia Landi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Political economy of technology transfer
Authors: A. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Every year, new health products and know-how become available: statins, new antibiotics, telemedicine, insurance know-how, imaging techniques, and genomics, to name a few. At the same time, major barriers to transferring information and technology between countries are falling with expansion of the internet and online health training programmes, the growth of information about the relative effectiveness of different technologies,1 and the liberalisation of trade. It might be reasonable to expect that global transfer of health technologies would take place more rapidly and in greater quantity to benefit “haves” and “have nots” alike. There is no evidence, however, that this is taking place. On the contrary, appropriate health technologies may become more unequally distributed than ever. Why? 

#### Summary points

Less than 1% of global research and development is currently spent on technological innovations for poor countries

The World Trade Organisation agreement enforcing trademarks and patents will increase the price poor countries pay to gain access to new, patented technologies

It is unclear how such legislation will improve the health or wealth of impoverished countries, in the short or long term

Active policies rather than passive diffusion are needed to distribute new technologies to people and countries unable to generate profit for suppliers

Economic demand for health technologies by individuals, governments, and insurers is determined by factors such as purchasing power, technological capability, purchaser priorities, and unequal information.

### Purchasing power

One of the main reasons why people cannot get the health technologies they need is because they cannot afford them. For example, few African parents can afford the antibiotic ceftriaxone, the most effective treatment for one of the main causes of infant death each year, Streptococcus pneumoniae .2 Nor will most people be able to afford medicines for cardiovascular disease, the biggest projected killer in developing countries by 2020,3 as they exceed the …
Lung collagen: more than scaffolding.
Authors: G J Laurent
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Lung collagen: more than scaffolding Collagens of various types are the major group of proteins in the lung.They are present in all major structures, including airways, blood vessels, the inter- stitium of the lung parenchyma, and the basement membranes of epithelial and endothelial cells.Any alterations in quantity, structure, or the geometry of their distribution would be likely to alter lung func- tion.Changes would have particularly dramatic effects if they occurred in the interstitium, where the distance between air and blood may be as little as 50 nm.1A collagen molecule typically has a rod like structure, 300 nm in length and 3 nm in diameter, forming tightly packed fibrils with diameters up to about 100 nm.Any large deposits of collagen or col- lagen deposition with incorrect orientation within the interstitium may severely impede gas exchange; while loss of collagen from the interstitium would lead to disruption of the normal alveolar network, and loss from basement membranes would compromise their role controlling entry of materials to and from cells in the lung.Not surprisingly perhaps against this back- ground, lung diseases occur in which imbalances in collagen structure or metabolism appear to play a part.This editorial review describes some of the de- velopments in our understanding of lung collagen and its role in pulmonary disease.
Further Evidence That Malignant Angioendotheliomatosis Is an Angiotropic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Khalil Sheibani, Hector Battifora, Carl D. Winberg, Jerome S. Burke, Jonathan Ben-Ezra, Gary M. Ellinger, Nelson J. Quigley, Balbino B. Fernandez, Dwight Morrow, Henry Rappaport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Malignant angioendotheliomatosis is a rare, generally fatal disease characterized by a multifocal proliferation of neoplastic mononuclear cells within the lumens of small blood vessels. Although the disease primarily involves the vasculature of the skin and central nervous system, vascular involvement of other organs may occur and may produce a variety of clinical findings. Some early investigators concluded that malignant angioendotheliomatosis was a neoplasm of endothelial cells, but recently others have suggested that it is of hematopoietic origin. We have studied three patients with the disease and have characterized the immunophenotype of the neoplasm on cryostat-cut fresh-frozen tissues. A detailed antigenic phenotyping of neoplastic lymphoid cells showed that one patient had the immunophenotype T11+, Leu-1+, Leu-3+, Leu-2+, B1-, B2-, SIg-, LN1-, LN2-, the predominant phenotype for peripheral T-cell lymphoma; the others had T11-, Leu-1-, Leu-3-, Leu-2-, B1+, B2+, SIg+, LN1+, LN2+, consistent with a B-cell-derived lymphoma. On the basis of our results, we suggest that angiotropic (intravascular) large-cell lymphoma would be more appropriate than malignant angioendotheliomatosis as a name for this disease.
Measurement of Temperature in Laparoscopic Tubal Sterilisation
Authors: J. Larbig, E. Göltner
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

Sixty four continuous temperature measurements were carried out on 28 tubes with a thermistor made by M. K. Jucheim, Fulda, to examine the behaviour of the temperature during laparoscopic tubal sterilisation. During the tubal coagulation, temperatures of about 100°C appear at the coagulation side with an energy output of 20–30 watts. The values are about 2–5°C lower in the lumen of the tube than on the surface. The temperature of the forceps becomes normal again about 1–2 minutes after the end of the operation. By increasing the current output to 50–100 watts, sparking and flaming were almost always observed, and temperatures of up to 600°C measured. The tissues were completely charred. The initial temperatures were only attained on the metal parts of the forceps after 3–4 minutes. The danger of burning in laparoscopic tubal sterilisation can be avoided if the forceps are left in place at the coagulation site for about 30–40 seconds after normal coagulation of the tube and for at least 3–4 minutes after sparking.
ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation is suitable in patients without ABO-matched donor
Authors: Jong Man Kim, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, Jae-Won Joh, Eun-Suk Kang, Jae Berm Park, Joon Hyeok Lee, Sung Joo Kim, Seung Woon Paik, Suk-Koo Lee, Dae Won Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
CaMKII and a failing strategy for growth in heart
Authors: Mark E. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction die progressively from congestive heart failure or die suddenly from cardiac arrhythmias. Myocardial hypertrophy is an early event in most forms of heart failure, but the majority of patients with myocardial hypertrophy do not develop heart failure. Developing improved therapies for targeting the cell signaling pathways that enable this deadly transition from early myocardial insult to heart failure and sudden death is a key goal for improving public health. In this issue of the JCI, Ling and colleagues provide new evidence that activation of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent kinase IIδ is a decisive step on the path to heart failure in mice (see the related article beginning on page 1230).
Gentamicin causes endocytosis of Na/Pi cotransporter protein (NaPi-2)
Authors: Victor Sorribas, Nabil Halaihel, Krishna Puttaparthi, Thomas Rogers, Robert E. Cronin, Ana Isabel Alcalde, Jose Aramayona, Manuel Sarasa, Huamin Wang, Paul Wilson, Hubert Zajicek, Moshe Levi
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
A PATIENT WHO TAUGHT ME SOMETHING
Authors: J. A Ewing
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Over four decades ago when I was a senior medical student in Edinburgh we had a young woman with somewhat bizarre complaints on a medical ward. The clinical tutor, also a woman, discussed the patient with a group of us and, fearing that the nearby patient might overhear, said, “It's HYS.” I was assigned to the patient and decided to prove that the transient visual symptoms and weakness were psychogenic.

I …
Genomic Strategies for Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Katalin Susztak, Kumar Sharma, Mario Schiffer, Peter McCue, Emilio Ciccone, Erwin P. Bo[Combining Diaeresis]ttinger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the origin and progression of diabetic nephropathy remains limited in part because conventional research tools have restricted investigators to focus on single genes or isolated pathways. Microarray technologies provide opportunities for evaluating genetic factors and environmental effects at a genomic scale during the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Despite the enormous power of the microarray technology, there are several pitfalls that need to be considered. This article discusses conceptual, practical, statistical, and logistical considerations for the use of microarrays in studies of experimental and human diabetic renal disease. New knowledge in this field will facilitate new approaches for molecular diagnosis and drug discovery. E-mail: [email protected]
Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: MARIA CHIARAMONTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1982Hepatitis B Virus Infection and CyclophosphamideMARIA CHIARAMONTE, M.D., ANNAROSA FLOREANI, M.D., DIEGO MARTINES, M.D., FRANCA DE LAZZARI, M.D., REMO NACCARATO, M.D.MARIA CHIARAMONTE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANNAROSA FLOREANI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DIEGO MARTINES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCA DE LAZZARI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, REMO NACCARATO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-451_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the paper of Hoofnagle and associates (1) on clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) after reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection during cancer chemotherapy. The authors suggest that drugs inducing such a phenomenon be considered in the treatment of chronic HBV infection.Between 1969 and 1973 we conducted a therapeutic trial of chronic active hepatitis with intermittent courses of cyclophosphamide, 100 to 200 mg/d up to 4 to 5 g, repeated at 1 to 3 month intervals. In about half of the cases clinical improvement was seen (2, 3). A...References1. HOOFNAGLEDUSHEIKOSCHAFER JGD. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by cancer chemotherapy. Ann Intern. 1982;96:447-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NACCARATOFARINICHIARAMONTEFAGIOLOSTURNIOLO RRMUG. Treatment of active chronic hepatitis with cyclophosphamide. Postgrad Med J. 1974;50:16-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FARINISTURNIOLOMARTINCHIARAMONTENACCARATO RGAMR. Cyclophosphamide in the treatment of active chronic hepatitis. In: GASBARRINI G, ed. Topics In Digestive Diseases. Bologna: Editrice Compositori; 1978:95-101. Google Scholar4. OTTERNESSCHANG JY. Comparative study of cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine and methotrexate: relative effects on the humoral and the cellular immune response in the mouse. Clin Exp Immunol. 1976;26:346-54. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHAUDLIEW FF. Differential sensitivity to cyclophosphamide of helper T cells for humoral responses and suppressor T cells delayed-type hypersensitivity. Eur J Immunol. 1980;10:480-3. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Policlinico Universitario 35100 Padova Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 451-452KeywordsCancer chemotherapyChronic hepatitisCyclophosphamideDrugsHepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B virusHepatitis G virusInfectious hepatitis Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
House of Delegates Reaffirms Editorial Independence for AMA's Scientific Journals
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)</i>and the 10 AMA specialty journals (the archives series) traditionally have functioned as peer-reviewed journals with editorial freedom and independence granted by the publisher to each editor. The journals of this family, from<i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>(1869)<i>to Archives of Family Medicine</i>(1992), have been among the world's leading publications in their respective fields. In addition, these 11 journals function as a unique consortium.<sup>1</sup>Submission to any one publication is tantamount to submission to all; high-quality manuscripts that are not suitable for the initial journal can (with the author's permission) be referred for consideration by another more appropriate journal. This process avoids procedural delays. Last year more than 500 manuscripts were referred to a consortium member from the originating journal. As owner of these journals, the AMA recognizes that the trust physicians, scientists, policy makers, and the public place in its
Effect of Peyote on Human Chromosomes
Authors: David L. Dorrance
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Fify-seven Huichol Indians with a lifelong individual history and a 1,600-year cultural tradition of ingestion of peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus possessing hallucinogenic properties, were compared with 50 Huichol Indian controls and ten laboratory controls for effects on lymphocyte chromosomes. The frequency of abnormalities in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. Our results indicate that multigenerational ingestion of peyote is not associated with abnormalities in lymphocyte chromosomes.
John Mackenzie Matheson
Authors: Margaret Williams
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former professor of military surgery Royal Army Medical College (b Gibraltar 1912; q Edinburgh 1936; FRCP Ed, OBE, TD), d 9 November 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




John Mackenzie Matheson saw service during the second world war in Palestine, the Middle East, Italy, and north Africa, where he was largely responsible for the organisation of the medical services for the Tunisian campaign in the Western Desert, before and after El Alamein, for which he was mentioned in dispatches. After the war he remained in the Royal Army Medical Corps and over the next 36 years served as a surgical consultant in many parts of the world, including the United States, Egypt, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Nepal. His final post in the army, in the rank of major-general, was as commandant of the Army Medical College at Millbank, professor of military surgery, and honorary surgeon to the Queen. In 1971 he was appointed postgraduate dean of medicine at Edinburgh University. Predeceased by his wife, Nan, he leaves a daughter.
Long-term administration of amlodipine prevents decompensation to diastolic heart failure in hypertensive rats
Authors: Nagahiro Nishikawa, Tohru Masuyama, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Yasushi Sakata, Toshiaki Mano, Takeshi Miwa, Motoaki Sugawara, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Prospective Evaluation of a Clinical Guideline Recommending Hospital Length of Stay in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage
Authors: Jeffrey A. Hay
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage (UGIH) is a common and potentially life-threatening disorder. Resource utilization can vary without adverse effect on patient outcome. Clinical practice guidelines are a potential solution to reduce variation in practice while improving patient outcomes.To validate prospectively the safety, acceptability, and impact of a clinical practice guideline defining the medically appropriate length of stay (LOS) for patients hospitalized with UGIH.Prospective, controlled time-series study with an alternate-month design. Outcome surveyors and patients were blinded to study group allocation. GUIDELINE: A retrospectively validated scoring system using 4 independent variables: hemodynamics, time from bleeding, comorbidity, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings to predict risk of adverse events. The quantitative risk for the low-risk subset was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0%-2.0%) for subsequent complications and 0% (95% CI, 0.0%-0.9%) for life-threatening complications from this retrospective evaluation.A 1000-bed, not-for-profit, university-affiliated teaching hospital.Consecutive adult patients hospitalized for acute UGIH.Concurrent feedback of guideline recommendation (same-day hospital discharge) to physicians caring for patients at low risk for complication. No risk information was provided during control months.Seventy percent (209/299) of UGIH patients achieved low-risk status according to the guideline and were therefore potentially suitable for early discharge from the hospital. Providing real-time quantitative risk information (intervention group only) was associated with an increase in guideline compliance from 30% to 70% (P<.001) and a decrease in mean (SD) LOS from 4.6 (3.5) days to 2.9 (1.3) days (mean reduction of 1.7 days per patient; P<.001). No differences in complications, patient health status, or patient satisfaction were found when measured 1 month after discharge. An independent variable predicting decreased hospital LOS for low-risk UGIH patients was early EGD.Implementation of the clinical practice guideline safely reduced hospital LOS for selected low-risk patients with acute UGIH. Further prospective validation in other settings is warranted.
Abstract 3884: DNA mismatch repair defects, MSI, does not play major role in colon carcinogenesis in young African Americans
Authors: Hassan Ashktorab, Edward L. Lee, Hadi Razjouan, Roshila Mohammed, Hassan Hassanzadeh, Saad Qadwai, Duane T. Smoot, Waleed El-sayed Mohammed Ali, Hassan Elnour, Andrew Sanderson, Sara Horton, Daniella Singleton, Hassan Brim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Back ground: African Americans (AAs) are known to display a higher rate and even earlier age of colorectal cancer (CRC) than in the general population. Genetically, 10-12% microsatellite instability (MSI) cases involved in CRC development. However, if it occurs below the age of 50 it could be suspicious of Lynch syndrome. Aims and methods: We aimed to assess the role of MSI in pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer in young African American. The CRC patients in this study were less than 50 years and referred to Howard University Hospital from 2005 to 2008. The medical records (n=50) as well as the pathology reports were reviewed. The MSI status was assessed in a multiplex PCR targeting 5 markers: BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR27 and NR24. The PCR products were analysed in an Applied Biosystems Gene Scan 3130 machine. Samples with two or more instable markers were labeled MSI-H, with one instable marker: MSI-L and no stable marker: MSS. The presence or absence of expression of four DNA MMR proteins: MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on a Tissue Microarray (TMA, n=26, duplicate) consisting (stage1: 3; stage 2: 6; stage3: 5; stage4: 4).TMA IHC staining were read by two different pathologists who were not aware of the patient clinical status and were scored thus in an objective manner. Two patients were MSI-L and one MSI-H. The response to 5-FU based therapy was reported. Results: Twenty six patients [age, median: 44.5; age range: 26-49; male, 17 (65.4%)] were enrolled in the study. Seven out of 13 available data had family history of CRC. Fourteen CRC cases were left sided. MSI analysis revealed that out of 24 patients: one was MSI-H and two were MIS-L and the rest were MSS. The MSI high patient and one of the MSI low had family history of CRC. MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 were not expressed in 7 (26.9%), 1 (3.8%), 0 (0%) and 5 (19.2%) of tumors, respectively. IHC confirmed the MSI-H tumor. There was a recurrence with lung and brain metastases at 72 months in one of the MSI-L patients following adjuvant chemotherapy with 5 Fluorouracil and Leucovorin. Discussion: Our results show that MSI is not a major pathway in tumorgenesis of sporadic CRCs in young AAs and we may need to study chromosomal instability or CpG Island methylator phenotype as alternative pathways which occur in African Americans and make them present the disease at younger age and advanced stage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3884. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3884