tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 610: The role of oxidative stress in the growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of brown button mushrooms (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tongtong Xu, Robert Beelman, Joshua Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract An increasing body of clinical and in vivo/in vitro studies suggests that some chemical components in specialty mushrooms like maitake (Grifola frondosa) may exert cancer preventive effects. Edible mushrooms, which have a similar content of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, steroids, etc., have been less well-studied for their anticancer and cancer preventive activity. For example, only one publication has reported the inhibition of human breast cancer cell growth by brown button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The objectives of our research were to evaluate the anti-prostate cancer activity and mechanism(s) of action of brown button mushroom extracts. A hot water extract was prepared from freeze-dried brown button mushroom powder and fractioned with hexane and ethyl acetate. The IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction from brown button mushrooms (BBEA) was ∼0.1mg/ml. The inhibitory potency against LNCaP human prostate cancer cells correlated with the total phenol content, suggesting that these may be the active anticancer components. To further investigate the mechanisms of BBEA's anticancer effects, we examined the production of H2O2 by the extract using FOX assay and examined oxidative stress, proapoptotic, and cell cycle arrest markers by western blot. BBEA (0.1mg/ml) produced ∼50µM H2O2 under cell culture conditions after 6h. The expression of the oxidative stress marker, αH2A.X, in LNCaP cells was enhanced by BBEA after 12 and 24h, suggesting that pro-oxidative effects may be a possible anticancer mechanism. BBEA also increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and reduced the expression of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E2, suggesting induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by BBEA. In summary, this is the first report of the anticancer effects of phenolic compounds in brown button mushrooms and these results demonstrate that further study of BBEA is warranted. Microarray studies are currently under way to better characterize the anticancer activity of BBEA against human prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 610. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-610
Masked Polycythemia Vera (mPV): Results Of An International Study
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Jürgen Thiele, Heinz Gisslinger, Guido Finazzi, Alessandra Carobbio, Elisa Rumi, Maria Luigia Randi, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Lisa Pieri, Bettina Gisslinger, Leonhard Muellauer, Marco Ruggeri, Alessandro Rambaldi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains.
Authors: A Patt, A H Harken, L K Burton, T C Rodell, D Piermattei, W J Schorr, N B Parker, E M Berger, I R Horesh, L S Terada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated just before reperfusion (after ischemia) with dimethylthiourea (DMTU), but not urea, had decreased brain edema and brain H2O2 levels. In addition, gerbils fed a tungsten-rich diet for 4, 5, or 6 wk developed progressive decreases in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and brain XO + xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) activities, brain edema, and brain H2O2 levels after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. In contrast to tungsten-treated gerbils, allopurinol-treated gerbils did not have statistically significant decreases in brain XO or XO + XD levels, and reduced brain edema and brain H2O2 levels occurred only in gerbils developing mild but not severe neurologic deficits during ischemia. Finally, gerbils treated with DMTU or tungsten all survived, while greater than 60% of gerbils treated with urea, allopurinol, or saline died by 48 h after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Our findings indicate that H2O2 from XO contributes to reperfusion-induced edema in brains subjected to temporary ischemia.
Reflections of a Physician and Athlete
Authors: John D. Cantwell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT Several years ago I visited ancient Olympia. Walking through a tunnel out to the track, I positioned my feet in the starting blocks and imagined that I was Koroibos, attempting to win the 200-m dash some 2,700 years ago. The spectators, seated along the sloping embankments, roared as I surged into the lead and captured the olive wreath.Later, while traveling along the Ionian coast on the way to Delphi, I pulled Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks from my backpack. I discovered that Alexander the Great had been a fine runner, but had never participated in the Olympic Games because he didn't have other kings to run with. Alexander seemed to look upon the professed athletes with indifference, if not dislike.In contrast to Alexander I idolized athletes as a boy. During the summer I would don a Philadelphia Phillie's cap and pound baseballs off the fence at the
MMR and other controversies
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Following the GMC’s judgment, the Lancet has retracted the paper by Andrew Wakefield and colleagues that in 1998 linked the MMR vaccine to autism and bowel disease (doi:10.1136/bmj.c696). Last week’s judgment on Wakefield and two of his co-authors was damning, both of the researchers’ unethical conduct and of their dishonest and misleading reporting of the study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c593). In our observation columns this week, Trish Greenhalgh gives her view on why retraction was needed (doi:10.1136/bmj.c644).We also hear from Brian Deer, whose journalistic investigation forced a partial retraction in 2004 and ultimately led to this longest ever GMC hearing (doi:10.1136/bmj.c672). …
Telomere length in relation to incident chronic stress in the Bangladeshi-American: the experience from the Massachusetts United States of America
Authors: Md Ariful Haque Mollik
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Telomere is a region of repetitive DNA located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which protect genetic material from degradation during cellular replication. Telomere length in individuals is highly variable, and studies have shown that shortened telomeres are associated with
An evaluation of perfusion techniques in the study of water and electrolyte absorption in man: the problem of endogenous secretions.
Authors: G E Sladen, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1969)

The magnitude of endogenous contamination of various perfusion techniques used to study water and electrolyte absorption in humans was examined indirectly by comparing rates of water and sodium absorption from saline and glucose-saline mixtures administered by both the double-lumen and triple-lumen techniques. Both perfusion systems are pictured, and their construction described. Double-lume was used in 16, and triple in 13 normal subjects. Both methods gave simiar quantitative rates of water and sodium absorption, suggesting that contamination is negligible in normal fasting upper jejunum. However, absorption of solute and water by the proximal segment of the triple-lumen tube apparatus produced difficulties in experimental technqiue; without this controlled, the results were not interpreted further. The double-lumen tube perfusion system is recommended by default.
Indomethacin-lnduced Renal Failure
Authors: JACQUES L. BERNHEIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1979Indomethacin-lnduced Renal FailureJACQUES L. BERNHEIM, M.D., ZEEV KORZETS, M.B., B.S.JACQUES L. BERNHEIM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ZEEV KORZETS, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-5-792_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their recent paper, Walshe and Venuto (1) ascribe a physiopathologic role to indomethacin in the induction of an acute deterioration in renal function. They conclude that the precipitation of such acute renal failure is more likely to occur in states perceived by the kidney as being salt depleted, as is their case with congestive cardiac failure. We previously published a case report in 1976 (2) that lends support to their findings and conclusions.Our female patient had a histologically proven diagnosis of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and high renin hypertension. She was admitted in severe congestive heart failure...References1. WALSHEVENUTO JR. Acute oliguric renal failure induced by indomethacin: possible mechanism. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:47-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BERNHEIMPOKROYMYERS JNE. Influence de l'indomethacine sur l'évolution d'une glomérulonéphrite. Nouv Presse Med. 1976;38:2531-2. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JACQUES L. BERNHEIM, M.D.; ZEEV KORZETS, M.B., B.S.Affiliations: Meir Hospital Kfar-Saba Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of Hyperuricemia and GoutAnalgesic Nephropathy and the Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the KidneyReversible Renal Failure and Nephrotic Syndrome Without Interstitial Nephritis From ZomepiracInterstitial nephritis, proteinuria, and renal failure caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAccidents néphrologiques des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiensIndomethacin-associated acute renal failure 1 November 1979Volume 91, Issue 5Page: 792-792KeywordsAcute renal failureGlomerulonephritisHeart failureHypertensionKidneysRenal failureSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
RELATIONS OF HYPERCHLORHYDRIA TO "BILIOUS ATTACKS," SOME FORMS OF ECZEMA, GOUT, AND MUSCULAR RHEUMATISM. — PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: GRAHAM CHAMBERS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Hyperacidity of the stomach is a common disturbance of secretion. The frequency of its occurrence is very difficult to determine, as there is no doubt that a moderate excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid may take place without producing subjective symptoms. I have on several occasions examined the gastric contents of patients with apparently normal digestion and found excess of hydrochloric acid, although in some of them there was a history of "bilious attacks," which were probably attacks of acute hyperacidity. It seems to me, therefore, that the gastric distress which is present in cases of hyperacidity is more or less due to the hyperesthesia of the mucous membrane of the stomach as well as to the excessive acid contents. This opinion is supported by the fact that in many cases of hyperchlorhydria pain comes on in a few minutes after the ingestion of food of any form. The commingling of
John Ramsey Horler
Authors: D. Tacchi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Born and schooled in Newcastle, John Ramsey Horler (“Ramsay”) then qualified MB BS in 1946 at King’s College, Durham University. After joining the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) as a national service officer, he was posted overseas to Palestine to Glubb Pasha Arab Legion. Later he moved via Egypt to Kenya to the King’s African Rifles. …
Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Lyman A. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The interest and attention afforded cardiac transplantation in both the lay and scientific press has been, perhaps, unequaled in the history of medicine. The discovery of penicillin and poliomyelitis vaccine and the performance of kidney and liver transplants stirred up only small ripples of excitement compared to the tidal wave generated by heart transplantation. The kidneys are paired organs and a healthy donor could lose one without losing his life, but the bold and imaginative transplantation of the liver, an organ essential to life, was truly a great surgical advance that attracted very little attention. Had the liver transplantation been done in 1965 BC, in Babylonia, the event would have received considerable publicity, since the Babylonians thought the liver was the seat of the soul and center of life. However, such surgery would have been an awesome undertaking for the surgeon if the penalties for surgical failure according to the
Transient Neonatal Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia, and High Serum Parathyroid Hormone with Maternal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: JAMES A. MONTELEONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Findings in a case of neonatal tetany in a child whose mother had elevated blood parathyroid hormone levels because of a parathyroid adenoma are given. The child was found to have hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Parathyroid hormone in the infant was found to be elevated. It has been postulated that the pathophysiologic mechanism of the hypocalcemia in this syndrome is transient hypoparathyroidism. The present case suggests a different mechanism: hypomagnesemia and end-organ refractoriness to parathyroid hormone, a state analogous to pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Long-term Results of Proton Beam Irradiated Uveal Melanomas
Authors: Evangelos S. Gragoudas, Johanna M. Seddon, Kathleen Egan, Robert Glynn, John Munzenrider, Mary Austin-Seymour, Michael Goitein, Lynn Verhey, Marsha Urie, Andreas Koehler
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)
The nature of opioid involvement in the hemodynamic respiratory and humoral responses to exercise.
Authors: J Staessen, R Fiocchi, R Bouillon, R Fagard, P Lijnen, E Moerman, A De Schaepdryver, A Amery
Journal: Circulation (1985)

After 30 min rest in the lying position, 12 healthy male volunteers (average age 22 years) received, in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg iv followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/hr). Thereafter they rested for a further 30 min in the recumbent position and for 15 min sitting on a bicycle ergometer; they then exercised to exhaustion. At rest plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone increased during infusion of naloxone, while body temperature decreased. During exercise the difference in plasma ACTH between naloxone and saline periods was abolished, while the differences in plasma cortisol and aldosterone lost statistical significance. Intra-arterial pressure, heart rate, ventilation, O2 uptake, and CO2 output were continuously monitored throughout the experiment and were not affected by naloxone. This was also the case for several hormonal and biochemical measurements, including those of plasma renin, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, glucose and lactate, and serum insulin and growth hormone. Exercise performance was not changed by naloxone. In conclusion (1) during exhaustive graded exercise of short duration opioidergic inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is probably not sustained, (2) apart from the latter mechanism, the present study does not support the hypothesis that endogenous opioids are involved in various hemodynamic, respiratory, and hormonal responses to this type of exercise.
Smooth muscle cell abundance and fibroblast growth factors in coronary lesions of patients with nonfatal unstable angina. A clue to the mechanism of transformation from the stable to the unstable clinical state.
Authors: M Y Flugelman, R Virmani, R Correa, Z X Yu, A Farb, M B Leon, A Elami, Y M Fu, W Casscells, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The mechanisms responsible for the transformation of stable angina to unstable angina, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, are commonly believed to be plaque rupture and thrombosis. We determined whether additional mechanisms are operative by analyzing the histopathology and immuno-histopathology of coronary plaques retrieved by directional atherectomy of patients with unstable angina in whom no intraluminal thrombus was demonstrated by angiography.The histological findings of atherectomy specimens from 34 patients with unstable angina were compared with those of 24 patients with postangioplasty restenosis, whose lesions are known to be composed of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and 10 patients with stable angina, whose lesions contain relatively few SMCs. We also studied the expression of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), whose role in the vascular response to injury has been established. Specimens from unstable angina resembled those from postangioplasty restenosis in regard to SMC abundance (scale, 0 to 3; 1.4 +/- 0.9 versus 1.7 +/- 0.9; P = NS), and both differed from those of stable angina. Thrombus and/or hemorrhage occurred in only 34% of patients with unstable angina (compared with 8% of restenosis patients and in none of stable angina patients). Active lesions (defined as lesions (defined as lesions containing one or more of the following: thrombus, hemorrhage, abundant and disorganized SMCs in the presence of loose connective tissue, or inflammatory infiltrate) were observed in 56% of the unstable angina patients and in 50% of the restenosis patients but in none of the stable angina patients. The expression of aFGF and bFGF was detected in 80% to 100% of unstable angina (n = 11) and restenosis (n = 10) specimens but in only 1 of 5 stable angina specimens.Microscopic evidence of thrombosis and plaque rupture occurred in only one third of unstable angina patients, selected because they had no angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus. Moreover, their lesions resembled those of restenosis patients in regard to SMC abundance, lesion activity, and the expression of aFGF and bFGF. Our findings therefore suggest that an alternative mechanism to plaque rupture and thrombus formation may be operative in the precipitation of unstable angina; namely, in a subset of patients, SMC proliferation may lead to gradual plaque expansion and thereby to lumenal narrowing and unstable angina. Our data also suggest a role for aFGF and bFGF in this process.
Control of Intractable Pain With Subarachnoid Alcohol Block
Authors: Ethem Y. Kuzucu
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In a study of the effectiveness and possible complications of subarachnoid alcohol block for control of intractable pain in 322 patients with advanced malignant disease, we found that significant pain relief was obtained in 187 of 322 patients, and partial relief in 84. Administration of the block before narcotic addiction developed improved the general condition of the patient by relieving the discomfort caused by the side effects of narcotics. The method was easily employed in debilitated patients who were poor risks for major neurosurgical procedures. Twenty-five complications occurred in 485 blocks performed in 322 patients, only two of 25 being permanent. When patients are selected carefully, and the block is performed with great caution, risk is minimal and longlasting relief of intractable pain is possible in the majority of terminal-cancer patients.
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Vanessa Blair, Iain Martin, David Shaw, Ingrid Winship, Dale Kerr, Julie Arnold, Pauline Harawira, Maybelle McLeod, Susan Parry, Amanda Charlton, Michael Findlay, Brian Cox, Bostjan Humar, Helen More, Parry Guilford
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Phase III Trial Comparing Paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) in Combination with Carboplatin Versus Standard Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in the Treatment of PS 2 Patients with Chemotherapy-Naïve Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Corey J. Langer, Kenneth J. O’Byrne, Mark A. Socinski, Sergei M. Mikhailov, Krzysztof Leśniewski-Kmak, Martin Smakal, Tudor E. Ciuleanu, Sergey V. Orlov, Mircea Dediu, David Heigener, Amy J. Eisenfeld, Larissa Sandalic, Fred B. Oldham, Jack W. Singer, Helen J. Ross
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
A Competing-Risks Analysis of Survival After Alternative Treatment Modalities for Prostate Cancer Patients: 1988–2006
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Rodolphe Thuret, Claudio Jeldres, Zhe Tian, Alberto Briganti, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Paul Perrotte, Patrizio Rigatti, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates early ventricular expansion after experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Y SUGANO, T ANZAI, T YOSHIKAWA, Y MAEKAWA, T KOHNO, K MAHARA, K NAITO, S OGAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

In the early phase after transmural myocardial infarction (MI), the infarcted myocardium undergoes replacement by scar tissue, which is essential for preserving the structural integrity of the infarcted tissue. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, which is known as a fibrotic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in the reparative fibrosis after MI. It is reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can accelerate wound healing. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of G-CSF on early ventricular expansion after MI.MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery in male Wistar rats. G-CSF (20 microg/kg/day, MI-GCSF) or saline (MI-saline) was injected subcutaneously 3 h after MI and every 24 h thereafter for 7 days. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic studies were performed at 14 days. Expression of TGF-beta1 and procollagen type I and type III mRNA in both the infarcted and noninfarcted areas was studied by quantitative RT-PCR at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after MI. Histological studies were performed at 7 days.MI-GCSF had higher LV max dP/dt, lower LV end-diastolic pressure, and smaller LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions compared to MI-saline. Infarct size was not different between MI-GCSF and MI-saline. Expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the infarcted area at 3 days was significantly higher in MI-GCSF than in MI-saline. Expression of procollagen type I and type III mRNA in the infarcted area at 3 days was higher in MI-GCSF compared to MI-saline, and the peak mRNA levels were earlier in MI-GCSF. In the noninfarcted area, there was no difference in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression between MI-GCSF and MI-saline. Histologically, collagen accumulation in the infarcted area at 7 days was more prominent in MI-GCSF than in MI-saline.G-CSF treatment improves early post-infarct ventricular expansion through promotion of reparative collagen synthesis in the infarcted area, suggesting some beneficial effect of G-CSF on the infarct healing process.
St John's for depression, worts and all
Authors: John W Williams, Tracey Holsinger
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Your patients are using it, but does it work? 

D epressive disorders are serious illnesses that cause enormous personal suffering and a high economic burden. The World Health Organization projects that major depression will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by the year 2020. Most depressed patients are treated in primary care and the most common treatment is antidepressant medication. Despite rapid growth in antidepressant prescribing, outcomes are often poor and patients are increasingly using complementary and alternative medicine such as St John's wort (SJW). In 2002, 12% of US adults reported using SJW within the past 12 months.1 Should we encourage our patients to try St John's wort for depression?

> Szegedi et al conducted a methodologically sophisticated study to determine whether SJW was about as good as and no worse than paroxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depression. The study produced surprising results. 

Szegedi et al conducted a methodologically sophisticated study (p 160) designed to determine whether SJW was about as good as and no worse than paroxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depression. An active control, non-inferiority trial is appropriate when there are …