tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Specific Value of Drugs in Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Norman Decker
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In their rebuttal of Dr. Ostow's letter to the editor, "Specific Value of Drugs in Psychiatric Illness" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:557 [Nov 9] 1964), which criticizes their study, "Imipramine and Thioridazine in Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients" (<i>JAMA</i><b>189</b>:605 [Aug 24] 1964), Drs. Hollister and Overall defend their work and attack an untenable philosophic point of view with an enthusiasm which is understandable but unfortunate; they successfully defend the value of scientific research as opposed to "anecdotal" evidence but they fail to consider some telling criticisms of their work. Most of these are methodological in nature. Hollister and Overall make their diagnoses and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of drugs on the basis of a symptom-rating scale. This is a horizontal evaluation of the patient-of-the-instant rather than a longitudinal evaluation of the patient with a life history. Can one make diagnoses or measure therapeutic effect in this manner? No
Transformation: From Medical Student to Patient
Authors: Sarah Hilgenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

On Being a Patient16 May 2006Transformation: From Medical Student to PatientSarah Hilgenberg, BASarah Hilgenberg, BAFrom Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In August 2002, I left Boston in my small, tightly packed car for a weeklong cross-country trip. Through the side mirrors, I watched everything familiar disappear. Destination: Stanford Medical School, where I would train to be a physician. I had decided to leave the Northeast, my family, and most of my friends in pursuit of an adventure. Little did I know that this adventure would quickly become more than I ever could have imagined. Not only would I begin to study the art and science of medicine, but I would also learn perhaps the most difficult lesson of all: how ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.Acknowledgment: The author thanks Dr. Audrey Shafer for her guidance.Grant Support: By the Stanford Arts and Humanities Medical Scholars Program.Corresponding Author: Sarah Hilgenberg, c/o Zera Murphy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical School Office Building, Room 323, 251 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiscovery and informing research participants of incidental findings detected in brain magnetic resonance imaging studies: Review and multi-institutional studyManaging Incidental Findings: Lessons From NeuroimagingStudent and Faculty CasesBridging Philosophical and Practical Implications of Incidental Findings in Brain Research 16 May 2006Volume 144, Issue 10Page: 779-780KeywordsAnesthesiaAngiographyArteriovenous malformationBrainEmergency departmentEmotionsForecastingPatientsSurgeryTechnicians ePublished: 16 May 2006 Issue Published: 16 May 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Light-Pen Computer Processing of Video Image for the Determination of Left Ventricular Volume
Authors: EDWIN L. ALDERMAN, HAROLD SANDLER, JEFF Z. BROOKER, WILLIAM J. SANDERS, CARL SIMPSON, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A volume angiography system for on-line computation of left ventricular angiograms has been developed utilizing a video disc recorder, a light-pen unit, and a digital computer. The video disc recorder allows for immediate replay and stop-motion of ventricular angiograms on a video monitor. The light-pen is used by a technician/physician operator to define the margins of the ventricular chamber and input the data directly to the digital computer. The computer, utilizing the arealength method, applies preset magnification factors and calculates the ventricular volume. Comparison of this light-pen computer system with conventional manual processing of cine film yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The equipment configuration employed in this system offers the advantages of available hardware components and operational simplicity. The major benefit has been avoidance of the logistic delays involved in cine film processing and handling, which have been obviated by the on-line capability of the video disc, light-pen, and computer combination.
Inhaled nitric oxide as a screening vasodilator agent in primary pulmonary hypertension. A dose-response study and comparison with prostacyclin.
Authors: O Sitbon, F Brenot, A Denjean, A Bergeron, F Parent, R Azarian, P Herve, B Raffestin, G Simonneau
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To investigate the capacity of the pulmonary vascular bed to acutely vasodilate, we examined in 35 consecutive patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), the hemodynamic effects of incremental inhalation periods of an air-NO mixture at different concentrations (10, 20, and 40 ppm), and compared them with those of an acute infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2). An individual pulmonary vasodilator response was defined by a fall in total pulmonary resistance (TPR) > or = 30% relative to mean TPR baseline value. Thirteen patients were responders and 22 were nonresponders to both drugs, and they did not significantly differ in overall baseline characteristics except for mean right atrial pressure (p < 0.03). In responders, both drugs produced similar individual vasodilator response. Changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and TPR observed during NO and PGI2 were closely correlated (r2 = 0.9, p < 0.001, and r2 = 0.7, p < 0.01, respectively). The vasodilator response to NO was not concentration-related with a maximal effect obtained at 10 ppm. Combination of both drugs did not lead to any additive vasodilator response. Unlike PGI2, NO did not induce any systemic effect, no adverse reaction, but a moderate increase in methemoglobin. Inhaled NO at low dose (10 ppm) appears to be an effective, safe, and reliable substitute for PGI2 in screening for acute pulmonary vasodilator responsiveness during therapeutic assessment of patients with PPH.
Incidence and risk factors of acute delta hepatitis in italy: results from a national surveillance system
Authors: Tommaso Stroffolini, Luigina Ferrigno, Laura Cialdea, Raffaele Catapano, Filippo Palumbo, Francesca Novaco, Angela Moiraghi, Claudio Galanti, Rossana Bernacchia, Alfonso Mele
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Brominated flame retardants: a novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment?
Authors: P Eriksson, E Jakobsson, A Fredriksson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Brominated flame retardants are a novel group of global environmental contaminants. Within this group the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) constitute one class of many that are found in electrical appliances, building materials, and textiles. PBDEs are persistent compounds that appear to have an environmental dispersion similar to that of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Levels of PBDEs are increasing in mother's milk while other organohalogens have decreased in concentration. We studied for developmental neurotoxic effects two polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 99)--congeners that dominate in environmental and human samples--together with another frequently used brominated flame retardant, tetrabromo-bis-phenol-A (TBBPA). The compounds were given to 10-day-old NMRI male mice, as follows: PBDE 47, 0.7 mg (1.4 micromol), 10.5 mg (21.1 micromol)/kg body weight (bw); PBDE 99, 0.8 mg (1.4 micromol), 12.0 mg (21.1 micromol)/kg bw; TBBPA, 0.75 mg (1.4 micromol), 11.5 mg (21.1 micromol)/kg bw. Mice serving as controls received 10 mL/kg bw of the 20% fat emulsion vehicle in the same manner. The present study has shown that neonatal exposure to PBDE 99 and PBDE 47 can cause permanent aberrations in spontaneous behavior, evident in 2- and 4-month-old animals. This effect together with the habituation capability was more pronounced with increasing age, and the changes were dose-response related. Furthermore, neonatal exposure to PBDE 99 also affected learning and memory functions in adult animals. These are developmental defects that have been detected previously in connection with PCBs.
The Incidence of Cervical and Vaginal Dysplasia After Exposure to DES
Authors: Ralph M. Richart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With regard to the article entitled "Increased Incidence of Cervical and Vaginal Dysplasia in 3,980 Diethylstilbestrol-Exposed Young Women" by Robboy et al,<sup>1</sup>I wish to point out that the data may have a bias that makes them difficult to interpret. I believe the conclusion that there is an increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed women may be unwarranted. As we have pointed out previously<sup>2</sup>the metaplastic epithelium in DES-exposed women is more commonly cytologically atypical than in non-DES-exposed women, and it is frequently overdiagnosed as CIN. In addition, when the human papilloma virus (HPV) infects a metaplastic epithelium, it commonly produces the appearance of high-grade CIN and leads to erroneous diagnoses.<sup>3</sup>It is now generally agreed<sup>4</sup>that HPV is usually, and possibly always, present in cervical squamous cell cancers and their precursors and that it may be difficult for
Analysis of Informed Consent Document Utilization in a Minimal-Risk Genetic Study
Authors: Karl Desch, Jun Li, Scott Kim, Naomi Laventhal, Kristen Metzger, David Siemieniak, David Ginsburg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: The signed informed consent document certifies that the process of informed consent has taken place and provides research participants with comprehensive information about their role in the study. Despite efforts to optimize the informed consent document, only limited data are available about the actual use of consent documents by participants in biomedical research. Objective: To examine the use of online consent documents in a minimal-risk genetic study. Design: Prospective sibling cohort enrolled as part of a genetic study of hematologic and common human traits. Setting: University of Michigan Campus, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Participants: Volunteer sample of healthy persons with 1 or more eligible siblings aged 14 to 35 years. Enrollment was through targeted e-mail to student lists. A total of 1209 persons completed the study. Measurements: Time taken by participants to review a 2833-word online consent document before indicating consent and identification of a masked hyperlink near the end of the document. Results: The minimum predicted reading time was 566 seconds. The median time to consent was 53 seconds. A total of 23% of participants consented within 10 seconds, and 93% of participants consented in less than the minimum predicted reading time. A total of 2.5% of participants identified the masked hyperlink. Limitation: The online consent process was not observed directly by study investigators, and some participants may have viewed the consent document more than once. Conclusion: Few research participants thoroughly read the consent document before agreeing to participate in this genetic study. These data suggest that current informed consent documents, particularly for low-risk studies, may no longer serve the intended purpose of protecting human participants, and the role of these documents should be reassessed. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Welsh Labour party promises free prescriptions and free school breakfasts
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Labour party in Wales is promising free prescriptions for all, free breakfasts for primary schoolchildren, and the end of home care charges for disabled people.

The party, in its manifesto for the Welsh Assembly elections on 1 May, is also pledging money to modernise GP surgeries and hospital wards and says it will cut child pedestrian accidents with new 20 mph (32 km/h) zones.

“We'll scrap all prescription charges, helping to tackle poverty and take even more people off welfare and into work. …
Case 49-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-five-year-old woman entered the hospital because of hemiparesis. Eight days previously the patient was found unconscious, with a left-sided facial paralysis, spastic paralysis of the left arm and flaccid paralysis of the left leg. The blood pressure was 180 systolic, 60 diastolic, and the pulse 120. Several hours later the temperature rose to 102°F., and respiration became labored. Carbazochrome salicylate, hydroxyzine hydrochloride, aqueous heparin sodium and penicillin were begun, and fluids were given intravenously. On the following morning the temperature and respiration were normal, and she was conscious and oriented, although dysphagic and . . .
NCI Proposes New Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
Authors: Kara Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article NCI Proposes New Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 20, 20 October 1993, Pages 1626–1627, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1626 Published: 20 October 1993
Ongoing outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Bologna Province, Italy, November 2012 to May 2013
Authors: S Varani, R Cagarelli, F Melchionda, L Attard, C Salvadori, A C Finarelli, G A Gentilomi, R Tigani, R Rangoni, R Todeschini, A Scalone, T Di Muccio, M Gramiccia, L Gradoni, P Viale, M P Landini
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
A Dithyramb to the Dictionary
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

No muse of the dictionary resided on Parnassus. No poet dedicated an ode to a dictionary. No chorus chanted paeans to a lexicographer. "I am not so lost in lexicography," wrote Dr Samuel Johnson in the preface to his<i>Dictionary</i>, "as to forget that words are the daughters of earth and that things are the sons of heaven." To this disparagement Sir William Osler added: "After all, there is no such literature as a dictionary." Why, then, does the pulse quicken when a new dictionary or a new edition of an old dictionary lands on the desk? Why does the hand reach for it and, on opening to a random page, usher the eye onto a browsing spree? Apparently, a dictionary is more than a repository of information. We may praise its comprehensiveness, up-to-dateness, and accuracy, but what we enjoy most are its hidden pleasures. We may take pleasure in
Infected Hepatic Metastasis Role of ln-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, AMARILIS VEGA, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Infection, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with neoplasm, may present a diagnostic dilemma in these individuals. Localizing signs may be absent; fever and leukocytosis may be due to infection, tumor, chemotherapy, or a combination of these factors. Anatomic imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and ultrasound, may not differentiate between infection and tumor. Ga-67, a useful radionuclide for localizing infection in the general population, is less than optimal in the patient with neoplasm because many tumors, as well as infections, are gallium avid. This study presents a 57-year-old woman in whom ln-111 labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was used both to diagnose an abscess superimposed upon a hepatic metastasis from colon carcinoma and to monitor the patient's response to treatment.
Transient Cerebral Ischemia and Mitral-Valve Prolapse
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Episodes of transient cerebral ischemia, however they may be manifested, usually denote disease of the arteries that supply the brain. A frequent mechanism entails the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque in a carotid artery. From time to time, a bit of atheromatous material or overlying thrombus breaks loose and lodges in a distal branch, thereby causing the patient to have dizziness, to appear befuddled, or to have evidence of some kind of neurologic deficit. When collateral circulation is adequate to the site of cerebral insult, as it must be for an attack to be transient, the symptoms or signs soon disappear, only to recur in like or different form when another embolus dislodges. A similar pattern results in the absence of embolism when a carotid or a vertebral artery 1 is partly occluded for any reason and another hemodynamic factor (eg, cardiac arrhythmia) aggravates already diminished cerebral arterial flow. In
DOSAGE OF LIQUID MEDICINES: A SIMPLE PLAN FOR GREATER ACCURACY AND METRIC MEASURES.
Authors: CARL S. N. HALLBERG
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The strongest reason for the adoption of the metric weights and measures is the use of the present collection of arbitrary standards, conceived by chance and inherited by ages of medieval crudescence. The paramount quality of that by which quantities are determined must be accuracy; that by which comparison is made must be as nearly invariable and inflexible as can possibly be devised, otherwise it is not a true standard. Scientific accuracy requires also that a fixed relation, only varied through variation in temperature, should prevail between weight and volume, and consequently that units of weights and liquid measures must be correlated, that is commensurate. No scheme for comparison which does not meet these fundamental requirements is worthy the name of a system, nor should be tolerated in this twentieth century. <h3>CUSTOMARY MEASURES.</h3> Subjecting the customary weights and liquid measures to this test they are found to be
Sparfloxacin in the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis or intolerance of first line therapy
Authors: A. Lubasch, R. Erbes, H. Mauch, H. Lode
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Patients with multiresistant tuberculosis (TB) and patients with intolerance of first line antituberculosis drugs present a major treatment problem. Sparfloxacin is highly active against mycobacteria, but the use is restricted by side effects and the contribution to antituberculosis therapy is unclear. A prospective study has therefore been performed to analyse the efficacy and tolerability of sparfloxacin in cases of resistant TB or intolerance of first line therapy. Between April 1993 and April 1999, 30 TB patients (28 with pulmonary TB and two with lymph node TB) were treated with combinations of sparfloxacin and at least two other drugs at the Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin. Sixteen patients were infected by resistant mycobacteria (one single drug resistance (SDR), one polyresistance, and 14 multidrug resistances (MDR); 14 males (age range 23-53 yrs), 2 females (68-74 yrs)). Twelve patients (11 males, one female, 27-80 yrs) had not tolerated first line antituberculosis drugs. Two additional male patients had continuous proof of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum without resistance during therapy The duration of sparfloxacin therapy during hospitalization ranged 2.5-4 months. Twenty-five patients completed therapy and were cured according to this study's definition. Although sparfloxacin was generally well tolerated, five mild phototoxic reactions and six moderate prolongations of the electrocardiographic QT-interval (30-40 ms compared to baseline < or = 450 ms) were registered without clinical symptoms in the patient group. In summary, sparfloxacin proved an effective and safe alternative antituberculosis drug for complicated tuberculosis.
Circulating Th2 memory cells in IgG4-related disease are restricted to a defined subset of subjects with atopy
Authors: H. Mattoo, E. Della-Torre, V. S. Mahajan, J. H. Stone, S. Pillai
Journal: Allergy (2013)

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate composed of IgG4+ plasma cells, tumefactive lesions, obliterative phlebitis, and mild to moderate eosinophilia. It has been suggested that IgG4-RD is characterized by allergic manifestations and is potentially driven by enhanced T-helper type 2 (Th2) responses. We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of atopy to enhanced Th2 responses in IgG4-RD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients were isolated and subjected to in vitro mitogenic stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. Following stimulation, gated CD3+CD4+ T cells were analyzed for production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Among the 39 patients analyzed, only the 18 patients who had a history of atopy showed increases in circulating Th2 memory cells. Our results indicate that Th2 responses that have been reported in IgG4-RD may result from concomitant atopic manifestations in disease subjects.
Chemistry in the Service of Medicine.
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

During his medical curriculum every physician has undergone substantial exposure to chemistry. But in the years intervening since his student days, most of what he learned has escaped him, and much of the remainder is outdated. Very few go back to refresh their knowledge of details. Fortunately, successful medical practice requires only an understanding of principles, not of details. And one of the best ways to grasp important principles and their significance is by a historical approach. The present volume furnishes a broad survey of the place of chemistry in medical science. As Dr. Copeman indicates in the preface, "History is not a mere record of things past, but is intricately interwoven with the present which it helps to shape." And the panoramic view of chemistry in medicine makes the present meaningful for physicians of all degrees of chemical sophistication. It will also bring illumination and pleasure to laymen on