tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hazards of Eating Razor Blades
Authors: John E. Weisenberger
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Herman Cohen (<b>206</b>:1582, 1968) gives an explanation for the low incidence (12%) of perforation following ingestion of glass fragments. He theorizes that the smooth muscle coats of the gut relax following injury to the overlying mucosa. The usual response to trauma is contraction. He refers to a case of razor blade ingestion, and leaves one with the impression that this is a relatively innocuous pastime. I would differ with him on the basis of a case of my own. A prisoner broke one half of a double edge safety razor blade into three fragments and swallowed them. An abdominal flat plate localized them in the gastric lumen. Laparotomy and gastrotomy yielded the fragments plus a good deal of bright red blood, as well as a 4-cm laceration of the gastric mucosa on the lesser curvature. This series of one case leaves me with a considerably
Reversible Cardiac Failure During Angina Pectoris
Authors: JOHN O. PARKER, J. RODNEY LEDWICH, ROXROY O. WEST, ROBERT B. CASE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular stroke work were measured during a 10-min period of atrial pacing in 10 normal subjects and 30 patients with coronary artery disease. The normal subjects and the patients with coronary artery disease who did not experience angina during pacing reacted similarly with a fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 8 to 2 mm Hg returning to control values on cessation of pacing. The average left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during pacing in the 21 patients who developed angina was similar to control values although this pressure rose to abnormal levels in four patients. On cessation of pacing the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose abruptly to an average value of 22 mm Hg. This lack of elevation of filling pressure during pacing and the rise to abnormal levels on termination of pacing can best be explained by relating left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to left ventricular stroke work. Analyzed in this fashion it is evident that the ischemic ventricle is operating on a depressed ventricle function curve. This depression of function is reversible following cessation of pacing and can be prevented by the prior administration of nitroglycerin.
TNF‐α inhibitor etanercept and hematologic malignancies: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Bijay Nair, Girindra Raval, Paulette Mehta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We report here a 57‐year‐old man treated with etanercept for 6 months for psoriasis who developed myelodysplasia with acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia cells had distinct karyotype associated with poor prognosis. The patient did not respond to cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/m 2 continuous infusion over 7 days with daunorubicin 45 mg/m 2 daily for 3 days. He also did not respond to salvage induction therapy with gemtuzumab (6 mg/m 2 on day 1 and 4 mg/m 2 on day 8) and intravenous continuous infusion cytosine arabinoside 200 mg/m 2 . We review other cases of lymphoma and leukemia associated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and suggest mechanisms by which inhibition of the TNF‐α family may predispose to cancer. We also suggest that all patients being considered for TNF‐α treatment be screened for hematologic malignancies or premalignancies with blood counts and bone marrow aspirates/biopsies if indicated. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial Pneumonitis Due to Hypersensitivity to an Organism Contaminating a Heating System
Authors: JORDAN N. FINK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Intermittent cough and dyspnea, associated with pulmonary function abnormalities of restriction and a diffusion defect, and an interstitial granulomatous pneumonitis without an overt cause developed in a middle-aged housewife. Her symptoms appeared during the heating season, and she became asymptomatic when away from home. Because of this association of symptoms with her home environment, a bacteriologic and immunologic investigation of her residence was carried out. A thermophilic actinomycete resembling Micropolyspora faeni, known to cause the hypersensitivity pneumonitis farmer's lung, was repeatedly isolated from the furnace humidifier. Precipitins against this organism were detected in her serum, and all symptoms of her disease could be reproduced by a controlled inhalation exposure to an extract of the organism. Removal of the forced-air furnace resulted in a remission of her illness. These findings suggest that a thorough environmental search should be carried out in all cases of so-called "idiopathic" interstitial pulmonary disease.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES OF THE POTENTIATION OF AN ADENOVIRUS-ASSOCIATED VIRUS BY ADENOVIRUS 7
Authors: Neil R. Blacklow, M. David Hoggan, Wallace P. Rowe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

A quantitative immunofluorescent procedure for detection of viral antigen was used to study the potentiation of AAV-1 by Ad.7. AAV viral antigen formed only when the cells were also infected with adenovirus, and only in cell culture systems in which the adenovirus infection proceeded to completion. Ad. 7 infection of AGMK. cell cultures did not potentiate AAV unless the Ad. 7 infection was itself potentiated by SV40. Dose-response studies indicated that a single AAV particle and a single infectious Ad. 7 particle sufficed to initiate AAV antigen synthesis. Sequential inoculation studies showed that AAV antigen formed simultaneously with Ad. 7 viral antigen when the AAV was inoculated any time between 15 hr before to 10 hr after the Ad. 7, both antigens appearing about 15 hr after inoculation of Ad. 7. The AAV-1 antigen formation had a minimum latent period of 5 hr, as seen with Ad. 7 preinfection of 10 hr or more. When UV-irradiated Ad. 7 was used as helper, the AAV antigen still appeared simultaneously with the Ad. 7 viral antigen, even though the latter was delayed by 23 hr compared to nonirradiated virus. When the early replicative events of both viruses were allowed to proceed in FUDR-inhibited cells, and then the FUDR inhibition was reversed, AAV antigen formed within 2 hr, which was 3 hr before the Ad. 7 viral antigen appeared. It was inferred that the event in the adenovirus cycle that renders a cell competent to synthesize AAV occurs after the 10th hr and may be temporally associated with replication of the adenovirus DNA.
EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA BY INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION
Authors: R. V. Lamar, S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The numerous attempts made in the last twenty-five years to reproduce lobar pneumonia in animals practically failed in all instances. By intrabronchial insufflation of pure cultures of pneumococcus in dogs, we produced experimental pneumonia successively in forty-two cases, with a mortality of at least 16 per cent. The fatal cases resembled closely lobar pneumonia in man. In the non-fatal cases, the pathological and bacteriological findings were again in accord with the findings in man. Clinically, however, the cases of nonfatal experimental pneumonia run a milder and shorter course than in man. In a few instances, lobar pneumonia has been produced experimentally also with the Pneumococcus mucosus and with Friedländer's pneumobacillus. The anatomical findings in these experiments have shown some characteristics agreeing with the findings in the pneumonias of man produced by these organisms. The quantity of the injected culture seemed to have a definite influence upon the outcome of the disease; in the fatal cases larger quantities of the culture had been injected. The animals were neither selected nor prepared in any manner. The experimental success did not, therefore, appear to depend upon the degree of resistance of the individual hosts. It is suggested that the uniformly successful results of the experiments were due to the obliteration of a large number of bronchi by the injected culture, through which mechanical effect a favorable opportunity was provided the pneumococci to develop and display their pathogenic activities consisting in the calling forth of a characteristic local, more or less effective, widespread, inflammatory reaction of the lung tissue.
Crawford W. Long, and Henry Hickman
Authors: John E. Steinhaus
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— I was very much interested to read two recent editorials in The Journal (194:1006, 1008, 1965), namely, Credit for Discovery and Crawford W. Long, Discoverer of Ether for Anesthesia. I believe that, as indicated in the editorial, it is most important to stress that a discovery frequently stems from several sources. Despite the very human tendency to claim priority, it is more important that society in general recognize all who have contributed to a given thought or discovery. If the discovery of general anesthesia is a milestone in medical progress, as stated by Dr. Harry Beckman, then it follows that this contribution is sufficiently large that the credit might well be shared by Long, Wells, Morton, Jackson, and others. Additionally, an English physician, Henry Hickman, demonstrated general anesthesia in animals in 1825 using carbon dioxide. Although this is a somewhat unusual method of anesthesia, there is
Clues Found to Tobacco Addiction
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

NEW RESEARCH on the effects of tobacco smoke on brain chemistry is providing provocative clues about why smoking is so addictive. Besides suggesting new strategies for helping people quit, the findings also may help explain some puzzling epidemiologic characteristics of cigarette smoking turned up by previous studies, such as the strong association found between smoking and depression and the curious observation that smokers have only half the risk of nonsmokers of developing Parkinson disease. For years, nicotine has been seen as the key player in getting smokers hooked on tobacco, and in 1988, the US Surgeon General concluded that nicotine is an addictive drug. But now investigators have turned up startling evidence that another constituent of tobacco smoke may also encourage tobacco dependence through its effects on an enzyme that plays an important role in the brain's system for rewarding and reinforcing behaviors—a system that experts have linked with addiction.
Effect of left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to systemic hypertension on left coronary artery flow dynamics
Authors: S. Tadaoka, Y. Wada, A. Kimura, T. Yada, K. Tamura, K. Hasegawa, S. Nezuo, T. Sawayama, K. Tsujioka, F. Kajiya
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to clarify the characteristics of the phasic blood velocity pattern and their possible causes in left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to systemic hypertension. Design — Measurements of blood velocities in the left anterior descending coronary artery were made with a 20 MHz Doppler catheter with a top mounted annular crystal. All patients had normal coronary arteriograms. Patients — 23 hypertensive patients [systolic/diastolic pressure: 181(SD 15)/100(4) mm Hg)] with left ventricular hypertrophy, and 13 atypical chest pain patients without left ventricular hypertrophy or any abnormal haemodynamic findings (normal controls) entered the study. Measurements and main results — The left anterior descending coronary artery blood velocity waveform in pressure overloaded left ventricular hypertrophy was characterised by delayed early diastolic inflow. The diastolic rise time of coronary flow (TDR), ie, the time from the beginning of diastole to peak velocity, was higher in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy than in normal controls, at 145(56) v 66(15) ms, p<0.001. In patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy, TDR correlated well with the degree of hypertrophy (r = 0.83, p<0.01) and also with peak left ventricular systolic pressure (r = 0.62, p<0.01). The coronary flow reserve, calculated from the ratio of the diastolic mean velocity after intracoronary injection of papaverine to the resting flow velocity, decreased with prolongation of TDR (r = 0.58, p<0.02). Conclusions — (1) Impairment of early diastolic coronary arterial inflow is the most remarkable characteristic in pressure overloaded left ventricular hypertrophy; (2) preceding systolic vascular compression and impaired left ventricular relaxation correlate with the delayed early diastolic inflow; (3) the delayed inflow is an important possible cause of the decreased coronary flow reserve in the hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy.
ApoE isoform-dependent changes in hippocampal synaptic function
Authors: Kimberly M Korwek, Justin H Trotter, Mary Jo LaDu, Patrick M Sullivan, Edwin J Weeber
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

The lipoprotein receptor system in the hippocampus is intimately involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. The association of specific apoE isoform expression with human neurodegenerative disorders has focused attention on the role of these apoE isoforms in lipoprotein receptor-dependent synaptic modulation. In the present study, we used the apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice along with recombinant human apoE isoforms to determine the role of apoE isoforms in hippocampus area CA1 synaptic function. While synaptic transmission is unaffected by apoE isoform, long-term potentiation (LTP) is significantly enhanced in apoE4 TR mice versus apoE2 TR mice. ApoE isoform-dependent differences in LTP induction require NMDA-receptor function, and apoE isoform expression alters activation of both ERK and JNK signal transduction. Acute application of specific apoE isoforms also alters LTP induction while decreasing NMDA-receptor mediated field potentials. Furthermore, acute apoE isoform application does not have the same effects on ERK and JNK activation. These findings demonstrate specific, isoform-dependent effects of human apoE isoforms on adult hippocampus synaptic plasticity and highlight mechanistic differences between chronic apoE isoform expression and acute apoE isoform exposure.
Gastric Activity in the South African European and Bantu
Authors: I. Macdonald
Journal: Gut (1960)

Test meals in Europeans and Bantu in Johannesburg show that the stomachs of normal Europeans in the main secrete more acid and pepsin. Gastric studies in Bantu on a European diet compared with those on a more non-European type of diet reveal no difference in secretory behaviour. This, it is suggested, rules out current dietary habits as being responsible for the difference in gastric secretory behaviour found between European and Bantu. The Bantu on a European diet had a slower rate of gastric emptying than those on a non-European diet.
A piece of my mind. Sunday morning call
Authors: P. Gruen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2407: Snail 1 regulates invasion through uPA-uPAR and MMP-9 signaling in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Diandra D. Randle, Shineka Clarke, Valerie Odero-Marah
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cancer cells acquire mesenchymal properties, such as induction of N-cadherin, while epithelial-associated genes like E-cadherin are lost. This enables the cells to be more invasive, migratory and metastatic. Factors that can induce EMT include growth factors like transforming growth factor -α (TGF-β) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transcription factors like Snail1. Snail1-induced EMT promotes migration and invasion and we hypothesized that this may be mediated by urokinase (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) activities. uPA, a serine protease, may be activated by integrin engagement to bind to its receptor, uPAR, and initiate a signaling cascade that regulates a variety of biological pathways including invasion. Since Snail1 can induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 2 and 9) which are also involved in cell invasion, we also examined MMP activity. Androgen-dependent LNCaP, and 22Rv1 and androgen-independent ARCaP human prostate cancer (PC) cells were stably transfected with empty vector control (Neo) or constitutively active Snail1 which led to increased cell migration and invasion. The levels of Snail1, uPA, and uPAR were measured by Western Blot analysis. uPA activity in conditioned media was measured using the Elisa uPA activity assay kit. Additionally, cells were treated with MAPK inhibitor, UO126, at set time points. Gelatin zymography analysis was utilized to detect MMP-9 activity in the conditioned media. Currently, ARCaP-Snail cells are being transiently transfected with uPAR siRNA to assay for the effects of uPAR knockdown on uPA and MMP activity. The data suggests that overexpression of Snail1 increased uPA and uPAR protein levels, while uPA activity was elevated in conditioned media from LNCaP, 22Rv1 and ARCaP cells. Also, MAPK inhibited MAPK expression in the cell and decreased uPA activity. In addition gelatin zymography showed higher MMP 9 activity in ARCaP-Snail overexpressing cells that was inhibited by MAPK inhibitor. Therefore, Snail-mediated cell migration and invasion in human prostate cancer cells may occur via the regulation of uPA and uPAR activities in addition to MMPs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2407. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2407
YEAST MENINGITIS: PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: L. L. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In view of the rarity of yeast meningitis and the fact that it is seldom diagnosed during life, it seems advisable to publish a brief preliminary report of a case now under observation.  A boy, aged 16, developed a severe headache with vomiting after eating a large amount of chocolate and pie, May 15, 1923. He complained also of weakness and dizziness. His family physician (Dr. Shapiro) was consulted, May 19, and suitable treatment was given, but the headache and vomiting persisted. A few days later, May 23, the patient was sent to a sanatorium, where he was under careful observation. Various diagnoses were considered, such as a subacute attack of meningitis, either tuberculous or meningococcic in origin, encephalitis, and brain tumor, the last being suggested on account of the marked papilledema. During this period the temperature was normal most of the time. The mental condition was clear except for
Saint who's?
Authors: J Dewhurst
Journal: BMJ (1986)

and not to pericaecal inflammation.Not only did he give a clear description of the pathological and clinical features of appendicitis but he also pointed out the advisability of surgical treatment':If, after the first 24 hours from the onset of the severe pain, the peritonitis is evidently spreading, and the condition ofthe patient is grave, the question should be entertained of an immediate operation for exposing the appendix and determining its condition with reference to its removal.If any good results are to arise from such treatment it must be applied early.His summary is as true today as when first written:In conclusion, the following statements seem warranted: The vital importance of the early recognition of perforating appendicitis is unmistak- able.Its diagnosis, in most cases, is comparatively easy.Its eventual treatment by laparotomy is generally indispensible.Urgent symptoms demand immediate exposure ofthe perforated appendix, after recovery from the shock, and its treatment according to surgical principles.Ifdelay seems warranted, the resulting abscess, as a rule intraperitoneal, should be incised as it becomes evident.This is usually on the third day after the appearance of the first characteristic symptom of the disease. Reginald FitzReginald Fitz was born in 1843 in Chelsea, Massachusetts.He graduated from Harvard and studied in Vienna with Rokitansky and Skoda and in Berlin with Virchow.By the age of 35 he was professor of pathological anatomy at Harvard and in charge of the pathology laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital.It was there that his classical studies on appendicitis were carried out.In 1887 he became a visiting physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, and at the age of 49 he became professor of medicine at Harvard.He died in 1913 at the age of 70.Today he should be remembered not only for his work on appendicitis but for his equally valuable work on the clinical features and pathological changes of acute pancreatitis. References
Pretending physicians and other new breeds
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1995)

From time to time we hear the encouraging news that the coming of a new breed of doctor is about to transform the medical scene. One of the earlier new breeds was the scientific doctor, who understood chemistry and analysis of covariance, and no longer countenanced the empirical prescribing of drugs of unproved value (even if the patients swore by them). A second coming, in the seventies, was that of the concerned doctor, often with long hair or a pony tail, often in sandals or sometimes without shoes, all set to reform society and shower unlimited health care upon underserved deserving consumers. Now comes yet another new breed, this time with a master's degree in business …
Genetic Events in the Development of Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Max J. Coppes, Daniel A. Haber, Paul E. Grundy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Wilms' tumor is the most common intraabdominal solid tumor of childhood, affecting 1 in 10,000 children worldwide. Treatment includes surgical resection and chemotherapy for virtually all affected children and additional radiotherapy for those with advanced disease or adverse prognostic features. This approach leads to cure rates exceeding 80 percent1.Certain features require particular attention in management and also provide a key to understanding the complex genetic pathways involved in the development of this tumor. The occurrence of bilateral Wilms' tumor in approximately 5 to 10 percent of affected children,2 dictating kidney-sparing resection, indicates an underlying genetic predisposition. Another peculiar . . .