tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUTIONS OF HELMHOLTZ TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE, ESPECIALLY WITH REFERENCE TO PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, INCLUDING THE DYNAMICS OF EYEBALL MOVEMENTS AND OF ACCOMMODATION.
Authors: ARTHUR W. GOODSPEED
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Helmholtz's attention was directed to the subjects to be discussed in this paper while very young. Even while attending the gymnasium and reading Cicero and Virgil, for which he had little taste, Helmholtz was pondering on various problems in optics not met with in text-books, and which served as a basis some years later for the construction of the ophthalmoscope. The mathematics of physical problems always came easy to him, not that he seems to have had any special love for pure mathematics for its own sake, but only as a means of solving the questions which interested him. His mathematical ability was of a very high order, and this fact seems all the more remarkable when it is noted that he never had any systematic training in this branch of science, as have most other eminent mathematical physicists. His knowledge in the more advanced departments of mathematics was acquired
Exaggerated claims of cures threaten stem cell research
Authors: Kaye McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Exaggerated claims for stem cell therapy are threatening a promising field of research, leading doctors in the area said this week. One company in the United States is advertising the treatment as a cure for depression and ulcerative colitis, a public debate in London heard last week.

Robin Lovell-Badge, head of the division of developmental genetics at the National Institute for Medical Research at the Medical Research Council, told the meeting, organised by the Facial …
Special Clinical Problems In Day Hospitalization
Authors: RICHARD M. CHASIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Reports on day hospitalization have usually endorsed this treatment modality without considering its special problems. This paper discusses such problems. How can a hospitalized patient be evaluated fully and his behavior supervised properly if he is home most of the time? What difficulties are encountered in getting patients simply to come and go each day? Which patients are most troublesome for a day hospital? What are the causes of failure of day hospitalization? The author presents relevant data and practical recommendations.
Quantitative analysis of microcirculation of finger by intravenous contrast echo in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kansei Uno, Katsu Takenaka, Susumu Sakurai, Masako Asakawa, Akiko Kikuchi, Masashi Matsuzaki, Tomiko Takahashi, Kazuhiko Nakahara, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Richard D. Sautter
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with considerable interest the editorial by Dr Peter P. Morgan<sup>1</sup>entitled "Randomized Clinical Trials Need to be More Clinical." I was somewhat amazed with the author's comment that a "randomized clinical trial requires clinicians to set aside their own judgments, asks patients to accept treatment that may be substandard,..." I have been a clinical investigator in several randomized trials. If I had believed I was asking a patient to accept substandard treatment, or had already made a judgment that I had "set aside" regarding any treatment modality, I would have felt obliged not to participate in that clinical trial. It is unethical, immoral, and unconscionable to encourage patients to accept any treatment a physician thinks is substandard.
Trauma: A Comprehensive Emergency Medicine Approach
Authors: Daniel Yeh
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colestipol-Niacin Therapy and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: R. T. Ravenholt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report entitled "Beneficial Effects of Combined Colestipol-Niacin Therapy on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Coronary Venous Bypass Grafts"1 must be interpreted with caution, for the following reasons: Although the study population consisted of nonsmoking men 40 to 59 years of age with progressive atherosclerosis, of whom 28 of the 94 men in the treatment group and 30 of the 94 men in the placebo group had never smoked, the lifetime smoking experience of the many study subjects who<i>had</i>smoked is not presented<sup>2</sup>; also, we are not told how many heavy smokers with substantial cardiovascular disease quit smoking as they were joining the study. If so, their recession from smoking-induced cardiovascular damage may have been misinterpreted to give spurious credit to coincident drug intervention. The number of never-smokers studied is too few to provide a dependable measure of the effects of drug treatment independent of ex-smokers. Furthermore, the
The outcome and a new ISN/RPS 2003 classification of lupus nephritis in Japanese
Authors: Hitoshi Yokoyama, Takashi Wada, Akinori Hara, Junya Yamahana, Izaya Nakaya, Motoo Kobayashi, Kiyoki Kitagawa, Satoshi Kokubo, Yasunori Iwata, Keiichi Yoshimoto, Kazuaki Shimizu, Norihiko Sakai, Kengo Furuichi
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Galectin-9 Inhibits CD44–Hyaluronan Interaction and Suppresses a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Shigeki Katoh, Naoki Ishii, Atsuya Nobumoto, Keisuke Takeshita, Shu-Yan Dai, Rika Shinonaga, Toshiro Niki, Nozomu Nishi, Akira Tominaga, Akira Yamauchi, Mitsuomi Hirashima
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) belongs to the galectin family, which exhibits affinity for beta-galactosides. Gal-9 has a variety of biological activities; however, its role in allergic inflammation is unknown.We evaluated the effect of a stable form of the human protein on allergic airway inflammation in a mite allergen-induced asthma model.Human stable Gal-9 was given by intravenous injection to mice during antigen challenge. The effect of Gal-9 on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was then evaluated.Gal-9 reduced AHR as well as Th2-associated airway inflammation. Furthermore, administration of Gal-9 as well as anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody inhibited the infiltration of peripheral blood Th2 cells into the airway. Interestingly, Gal-9 directly bound the CD44 adhesion molecule and inhibited interactions with hyaluronan (HA). Consistent with the concept that CD44-HA interactions mediate the migration of T cells into the lung, Gal-9 blocked CD44-dependent adhesion of BW5147 mouse T cells to HA.We conclude that Gal-9 inhibits allergic inflammation of the airway and AHR by modulating CD44-dependent leukocyte recognition of the extracellular matrix.
The Need for Perspective in Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Steven H. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Research advances are generating a growing body of clinical trial and other data on the effects of tests and treatments on outcomes, but there is no information resource within the health care system that systematically puts that information in perspective. Policy makers, clinicians, and individuals lack a ready means to compare the relative effectiveness of various interventions in prolonging survival or preventing the occurrence or complications of a disease: information that is critical in setting priorities. A crude analysis of preventable deaths suggests that evidence-based primary prevention (getting the population to stop smoking, exercise, lower cholesterol levels, and control blood pressure) would prevent considerably more deaths per year than would various evidence-based treatments for cardiovascular disease. Examining evidence from this perspective calls attention to mismatched priorities-most health care expenditures in the United States go toward treatment of diseases and their late-stage complications and relatively few resources are devoted to primary prevention and health promotion. Similar analyses at the individual level can help patients put personal options in perspective. This article proposes a bibliographic evidence-collection center and simulation modeling program to estimate potential benefits and harms of competing interventions for populations and individuals. Such evidence-based projections would enable policy makers, clinicians, and patients to judge whether they give due priority to the interventions most likely to improve health. With the steady growth in research data, the need for a system that enables society and individuals to put evidence in perspective will become progressively more urgent.
AGP: A Multimethods Web Server for Alignment-Free Genome Phylogeny
Authors: Jinkui Cheng, Fuliang Cao, Zhihua Liu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Abstract Phylogenetic analysis based on alignment method meets huge challenges when dealing with whole-genome sequences, for example, recombination, shuffling, and rearrangement of sequences. Thus, various alignment-free methods for phylogeny construction have been proposed. However, most of these methods have not been implemented as tools or web servers. Researchers cannot use these methods easily with their data sets. To facilitate the usage of various alignment-free methods, we implemented most of the popular alignment-free methods and constructed a user-friendly web server for alignment-free genome phylogeny (AGP). AGP integrated the phylogenetic tree construction, visualization, and comparison functions together. Both AGP and all source code of the methods are available at http://www.herbbol.org:8000/agp (last accessed February 26, 2013). AGP will facilitate research in the field of whole-genome phylogeny and comparison.
Synergistic Interactions between Vorinostat and Sorafenib in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Involve Mcl-1 and p21CIP1 Down-Regulation
Authors: Girija Dasmahapatra, Nitin Yerram, Yun Dai, Paul Dent, Steven Grant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Interactions between the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat were examined in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells sensitive and resistant to imatinib mesylate. Experimental Design: K562, LAMA 84, and primary CML patient-derived CD34+ mononuclear cells were exposed to vorinostat followed by sorafenib, after which effects on cell viability and various survival signaling pathways were monitored by flow cytometry, clonogenic assays, and Western blotting. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to monitor gene expression, and the functional contribution of p21CIP1 and Mcl-1 down-regulation were determined in cells transfected with corresponding constructs. Results: Pretreatment (24 h) with vorinostat followed by sorafenib optimally induced mitochondrial injury and cell death in Bcr/Abl+ cells (e.g., K562 and LAMA 84). Similar results were obtained in imatinib mesylate–resistant cells expressing activated Lyn as well as in primary CD34+ bone marrow cells obtained from CML patients. This regimen also markedly inhibited CML cell colony formation. Combined but not individual treatment of CML cells with vorinostat and sorafenib triggered pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e., cytochrome c, Smac, and AIF release), caspase activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and down-regulation of Mcl-1. Sorafenib also blocked vorinostat-mediated induction of p21CIP1. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 was caspase and transcription independent, whereas p21CIP1 down-regulation was partially caspase and transcription dependent. Enforced expression of p21CIP1 and particularly Mcl-1 significantly attenuated vorinostat/sorafenib-mediated lethality. Conclusions: These findings suggest that combined treatment with vorinostat and sorafenib synergistically induces apoptosis in CML cells through a process that involves Mcl-1 down-regulation and inhibition of p21CIP1 induction.
Stable long-term mixed chimerism achieved in a canine model of allogeneic in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Jesse D. Vrecenak, Erik G. Pearson, Matthew T. Santore, Carlyn A. Todorow, Haiying Li, Antoneta Radu, Tricia Bhatti, William H. Peranteau, Mark P. Johnson, Alan W. Flake
Journal: Blood (2014)
Changes imposed on GPs make it harder to respond to patients' needs
Authors: G. A. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Heath alerts us to the degradation or subversion of the meaning of care, quality, and profession and to the slow disappearance of attentiveness, wonder, courage, trust, commitment, concern, conscience, touch, and tenderness.1

The space for these “softer” but important values is being swallowed up by the Quality and Outcomes Framework and …
MANAGEMENT OF THE ACUTE STAGES OF ABDOMINAL INFLAMMATION.
Authors: GEORGE ERETY SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Differential diagnosis is of the first importance, and will first engage the attention of the surgeon. This paper is concerned with the management of acute stages after the diagnosis is made, especially with the question of immediate operation, and only acute conditions will be considered. It may be necessary, clinically, to distinguish the following: Suppurative cholangitis; suppurative cholecystitis associated or not with gallstones; acute suppurative pylephlebitis; various kidney inflammations; peritonitis following the perforation of viscera or of cystic tumors; acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis; ureteral calculus. Among intestinal conditions may be found strangulated hernia: obstruction due to bands; intussusception; volvulus of mesentery or of intestine; acute appendicitis; thrombosis or embolism of mesenteric vessels or those of the spleen. Salpingitis, ovaritis, metritis; postpuerperal, traumatic or due to such infecting agents as the tubercle bacilus or the gonococcus. Of these conditions certain ones do not call for operation, and are, therefore
Targeted dual-contrast T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of tumors using multifunctional gadolinium-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hong Yang, Yeming Zhuang, Yun Sun, Antao Dai, Xiangyang Shi, Dongmei Wu, Fuyou Li, He Hu, Shiping Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Losartan Increases Bradykinin Levels in Hypertensive Humans
Authors: Duncan J. Campbell, Henry Krum, Murray D. Esler
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Studies in animals and humans indicate a role for kinins in the actions of angiotensin type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor blockers. However, the effect of these compounds on kinin levels in humans is unknown. Methods and Results— We measured angiotensin (Ang), bradykinin (BK), and kallidin peptides in subjects with essential hypertension administered placebo, losartan (50 mg OD), and eprosartan (600 mg OD) in randomized order in a double-blind, 3-period, 3-treatment, crossover trial. Peptides were measured in arterial blood using high-performance liquid chromatography–based radioimmunoassays. Losartan increased blood levels of BK-(1–9) and hydroxylated BK-(1–9) by ≈2-fold and reduced the BK-(1–7)/BK-(1–9) ratio by 55%. There was a trend for eprosartan to produce similar changes in bradykinin levels. There were no changes in blood kallidin levels. Both losartan and eprosartan increased plasma levels of Ang I, Ang II, and Ang-(2–8), and eprosartan increased Ang-(3–8) levels. Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) levels were unchanged. There was an associated 30% to 35% reduction in Ang II/Ang I ratio and 63% to 69% reduction in Ang-(1–7)/Ang I ratio. Plasma ACE activity was unchanged. Conclusions— Losartan increases bradykinin levels. The reductions in BK-(1–7)/BK-(1–9), Ang II/Ang I, and Ang-(1–7)/Ang I ratios suggest that the increased bradykinin levels were the result of reduced metabolism by ACE and neutral endopeptidase. Increased bradykinin levels may represent a class effect of AT 1 receptor blockers that contributes to their therapeutic actions and may also contribute to the angioedema that may accompany this therapy.
The Effects of Influenza Vaccination of Health Care Workers in Nursing Homes: Insights from a Mathematical Model
Authors: Carline van den Dool, Marc J. M Bonten, Eelko Hak, Janneke C. M Heijne, Jacco Wallinga
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Annual influenza vaccination of institutional health care workers (HCWs) is advised in most Western countries, but adherence to this recommendation is generally low. Although protective effects of this intervention for nursing home patients have been demonstrated in some clinical trials, the exact relationship between increased vaccine uptake among HCWs and protection of patients remains unknown owing to variations between study designs, settings, intensity of influenza seasons, and failure to control all effect modifiers. Therefore, we use a mathematical model to estimate the effects of HCW vaccination in different scenarios and to identify a herd immunity threshold in a nursing home department.We use a stochastic individual-based model with discrete time intervals to simulate influenza virus transmission in a 30-bed long-term care nursing home department. We simulate different levels of HCW vaccine uptake and study the effect on influenza virus attack rates among patients for different institutional and seasonal scenarios. Our model reveals a robust linear relationship between the number of HCWs vaccinated and the expected number of influenza virus infections among patients. In a realistic scenario, approximately 60% of influenza virus infections among patients can be prevented when the HCW vaccination rate increases from 0 to 1. A threshold for herd immunity is not detected. Due to stochastic variations, the differences in patient attack rates between departments are high and large outbreaks can occur for every level of HCW vaccine uptake.The absence of herd immunity in nursing homes implies that vaccination of every additional HCW protects an additional fraction of patients. Because of large stochastic variations, results of small-sized clinical trials on the effects of HCW vaccination should be interpreted with great care. Moreover, the large variations in attack rates should be taken into account when designing future studies.
1119-99 Immunoglobulin A anticardiolipin antibodies are markers of the extent of daily life ischemia in patients with stable angina
Authors: Ignatios Ikonomidis, John Lekakis, Felicita Andreotti, Panagiota Konstantopoulou, Sozos Loizou, Margarita Marinou, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Myron Mavrikakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Re: James E. Thompson, Sam Egger, Maret Böhm, et al. Superior Quality of Life and Improved Surgical Margins Are Achievable with Robotic Radical Prostatectomy After a Long Learning Curve: A Prospective Single-surgeon Study of 1552 Consecutive Cases. Eur Urol 2014;65:521–31
Authors: Patrick H. Tuliao, Koon Ho Rha
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Fiber Intake and Risk of Developing Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus-Reply
Authors: Jorge Salmerón
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As Dr Maki and colleagues point out, experimental and metabolic studies offer strong evidence supporting a beneficial short-term effect of high-fiber diets on glucose metabolism. In patients with NIDDM, this effect appears to be greater for purified viscous soluble fiber than for less viscous fibers.<sup>1</sup>However, among healthy subjects, short-term supplementation of nonviscous fibers seems to have a greater beneficial effect on glucose tolerance than do viscous fibers.<sup>2</sup> In our study population, the main source of dietary fiber is cereals, and more than 75% of this fiber is insoluble. However, the main sources of insoluble fibers are also the important sources of soluble fiber; thus the intakes of these components are highly correlated (<i>r</i>=0.89). When we compared the lowest and highest quintiles of energy-adjusted intakes, insoluble fiber was inversely associated with risk of diabetes (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.95) after controlling for other important factors—whereas soluble fiber
RÔLE OF INBORN RESISTANCE FACTORS IN MOUSE POPULATIONS INFECTED WITH BACILLUS ENTERITIDIS
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, Horace L. Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. Under conditions in which mouse typhoid is allowed to spread naturally among herds of mice comprised of different proportions of individuals of innately high or low susceptibility: (a) 85 to 95 per cent of the innately susceptible succumb to mouse typhoid in contrast to less than 5 per cent of the innately resistant, regardless of whether either constitutes 25, 50, or 75 per cent of the population respectively. (b) The surviving population is therefore comprised largely of individuals known at the outset to be innately resistant. These resistants are, nevertheless, apt to have become infected and to harbor mouse typhoid bacilli in their spleens and feces. 2. Under conditions in which recruits are added to surviving populations comprised chiefly of innately resistants among which mortalities have practically ceased: (a) Mouse typhoid infection spreads to both innately resistant and susceptible recruits. (b) Mortality from mouse typhoid is limited almost exclusively to the innately susceptible recruits and is "sporadic" or "epidemic" in character according to the numbers and proportion of susceptibles added. (c) Innately resistant recruits remain well unless subjected to some non-specific hazard, such as heat or overcrowding, in which case both they and the susceptibles succumb in proportions similar to their relative numbers in the population. 3. It was plain that survivors are almost exclusively the individuals known at the outset to have been innately resistant. 4. There was no tendency for known susceptibles to become immunized through herd exposure at epidemic times, at postepidemic times in which the dosage of mouse typhoid bacilli was relatively small, nor at repeated short intervals. Finally, susceptibles given repeated, known, sublethal doses of mouse typhoid bacilli or St. Louis encephalitis virus by a natural route failed to develop immunity against a subsequent test dose.