tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manufactured Shoes in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Luigi Uccioli, Ezio Faglia, Giovanna Monticone, Fabrizio Favales, Laura Durola, Antonio Aldeghi, Antonella Quarantiello, Patrizia Calia, Guido Menzinger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of manufactured shoes specially designed for diabetic patients (Podiabetes by Buratto Italy) to prevent relapses of foot ulcerations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective multicenter randomized follow-up study of patients with previous foot ulcerations was conducted. Patients were alternatively assigned to wear either their own shoes (control group, C; n = 36) or therapeutic shoes (Podiabetes group, P; n = 33). The number of ulcer relapses was recorded during 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Both C and P groups had similar risk factors for foot ulceration (i.e., previous foot ulceration, mean vibratory perception threshold &amp;gt; 25 mV). After 1 year, the foot ulcer relapses were significantly lower in P than in C (27.7 vs. 58.3%; P = 0.009; odds ratio 0.26 [0.2–1.54]). In a multiple regression analysis, the use of therapeutic shoes was negatively associated with foot ulcer relapses (coefficient of variation = −0.315; 95% confidence interval = −0.54 to −0.08; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The use of specially designed shoes is effective in preventing relapses in diabetic patients with previous ulceration.
Case of Hepatic Abscess Communicating with the Lungs
Authors: J. Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1847)

CASE OF HEPATIC ABSCESS.much probability, cured of the pathognomonic symnptoms, arising from Qbstruction in the upper cava.The disease seemed to have been well diagnosed, and at the period of exhibition, being twelve months after the sudden and painful attack, the man appeared in robust bealth.His complexion was, however, of a dark hue, and the veins of the forehead, neck, and upper extremi- ties, and of the anterior trunk, were dilated, while veins as large as a swan-quill proceeded over the anterior part of the chest, to a tortuous cluster of ves- sels in the epigastrium.From this cluster also ran large veins to the groiinnd the course of the blood in all these vessels was, from above downwards, the very ieverse to what obtained in our fatal case.I am afraid that I have enlarged too much upon this single case, but from its variety, if not from its being nearly unique in its special origin, it is presumed it may be soniewhat interesting, as shewing the powerful
The role of cutaneous dendritic cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
Authors: C.C. Banfield, R.E. Callard, J.I. Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We review the immunology of atopic dermatitis (AD) and focus attention on the role of cutaneous dendritic cells. AD is a complex immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by the recruitment of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the skin. T-helper (Th) 2-type cytokines are dominant in acute AD skin, while both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines are present in chronic AD. Cutaneous dendritic cells, which are present in increased numbers within AD skin, are believed to play a key part in the activation of T cells in the skin. They may also help to determine the pattern of cytokines produced by activated effector T cells.
OUTCOMES AFTER IMPLANTATION OF BARE-METAL, COVERED AND DRUG-ELUTING STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY VEIN STENOSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Sowmya Balasubramanian, Audrey C. Marshall, Lynn F. Peng, James E. Lock, Doff B. McElhinney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Organ Transplant Registry
Authors: Joseph E. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Organ transplantation, one of the most recently developed types of therapy, has been more effectively documented than most older forms of surgery. Since the early days of human renal transplantation, investigators have cooperated on a national and international scale to standardize data procurement and retrieval through the Kidney Transplant Registry. This was originated in 1963 as part of the First National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council Conference on Kidney Transplantation. Perhaps the initial motivation to collect information about human transplantation was fear of the unknown or the desire to share a misery, child-like handholding while walking through darkened woods. Nevertheless, the cooperation continued through eight consecutive reports of results and several special reports. Today, this cooperation is continuing in the expanded activities of the American College of Surgeons/National Institutes of Health Organ Transplant Registry. Now renal transplantation is a proven form of therapy with results far more acceptable than were
Bartter Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Neil A. Kurtzman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs James and Sutherland were quite correct in pointing out that there may be more than one type of mechanism operative in the pathogenesis of Bartter syndrome. It is also correct that this syndrome is frequently mistakenly ascribed to other disorders. Protracted vomiting, laxative abuse, and persistent diuretic administration may mimic the syndrome. The two patients described in the article by Holland and Preston cited by Dr James may not have had Bartter syndrome. Indeed, the first of these patients was quite sensitive to the pressor effects of angiotensin infusion, an observation that militates against the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome. The observation that plasma volume was increased in some patients said to have Bartter syndrome is most unimpressive. To begin with, the technique is difficult to perform with precision and subject to error; when an error is made, it almost invariably results in plasma volume being overestimated. Second,
PTU-119 Phenotypic Characteristics And Localisation Of Novel Human Liver Infiltrating Nkp46 Subsets
Authors: M Ming, C Thomas, H Jeffery, Y-Y Chen, DH Adams, DJ Mutimer, YH Oo
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> CD56<sup>+</sup>Natural killer cells are the principal effector cells of the innate immune system and have a well-established role in tumour surveillance and anti-viral immunity. Expression of NKp46 has been shown to correlate closely with the severity of liver inflammation, viral resistance to IFN treatment and the attenuation of liver fibrosis. CD56<sup>+</sup>NKp46 cells expressing IL-17 and IL-22 have also been described as a family of innate lymphoid cells in humans. Although the role of intrahepatic NK cells has been well described, little is known about the function and phenotype of intrahepatic NKp46 subsets. Thus, We aim to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of CD56<sup>+</sup> NKp46 cells in the inflamed human liver, with a view to exploring their functional role. <h3>Methods</h3> Liver infiltrating lymphocytes were freshly isolated from explanted human liver tissue from our transplant program and phenotyped with multicolor flow cytometry. Cellular localization was investigated by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy <h3>Results</h3> Human liver infiltrating NK cells reside predominantly around biliary epithelial cells at the portal tract close to regulatory T cells. We observed two populations of liver-infiltrating CD3<sup>neg</sup> CD19<sup>neg</sup> CD56<sup>pos</sup> cells distinguished by different levels of NKp46, NKp46<sup>mid</sup> (15% ±4.8 SD) and NKp46<sup>high </sup>(11% ±1.2 SD) neither subset expressed NKp44. The chemokine receptor expression of NKp46<sup>mid</sup> and NKp46<sup>high</sup> populations was: CCR6 (12% ± 3 vs. 7%± 2.4), CCR9 (20% ± 5.6 vs. 9% ± 0.9), CX3CR1 (18% ± 14 vs. 10% ± 1) CXCR3 (47%±14.4 vs 38%±11.0) and CXCR6 19% ± 4.0 vs. 14% ± 4.6). Both populations expressed IL-18R (42% ± 5.4 vs 7% ± 1.0), IL-23R (19% ± 6.0 vs. 11% ± 2.5), surface receptor CD161 (61% ± 12.1 vs 85% ±4.8) and the integrin receptor CD103 (4% ± 1.35 vs. 16% ± 1.7). The NKp46<sup>high </sup>population was highly enriched with the activation marker CD69 (77%±18%). NKp46 cells were also shown to express TNF-α (29% ± 7.5), IFN-γ (70% ± 7.0), Granzyme B (23% ± 11.0) and Perforin (23% ±11.1) along with transcription factor Tbet (19% ± 9.1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We hereby report novel subsets of liver infiltrating CD56<sup>+</sup>NKp46 cells, which localise around the portal tract biliary epithelium in the inflamed human liver. These populations have distinct cytokine, chemokine and CD103 expression, which may explain their recruitment, positioning and effector functions in the inflamed hepatic microenvironment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Obinutuzumab as frontline treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: updated results of the CLL11 study
Authors: V Goede, K Fischer, A Engelke, R Schlag, S Lepretre, L F C Montero, M Montillo, C Fegan, E Asikanius, K Humphrey, G Fingerle-Rowson, M Hallek
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Abstract 4345: Inadequate repair of ionizing radiation damage: A consequence of the invasive tumor phenotype
Authors: Erika D. Pond, Thomas C. Sroka, Jaime MC Gard, Sangita C. Pawar, Raymond B. Nagle, Anne E. Cress
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A major characteristic of the transition of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to invasive prostate cancer is the progressive loss of laminin 322 in the basal lamina and loss of A6B4 integrin, a laminin 322 adhesion receptor in the basal cells. Previous work from our group reported that the loss of interaction with laminin 322 decreased the ability of normal prostate cells to respond to DNA damage. The defect was manifested as an alteration of an ionizing radiation (IR) induced G2 progression block. In this study, the goal was to determine if an invasive phenotype of human tumor cells, expressing A6B1 integrin, a laminin 511 adhesion receptor, influenced a DNA damage response (DDR) to IR. DU145 tumor cells were grown on laminin 511 and DDR was determined under conditions of stimulated invasion via HGF. The DDR endpoint chosen was the production, resolution and persistence of nuclear H2AX phosphorylation foci as an indicator of damage, repair and inadequate repair, respectively. Similar to a recent report, we observed a fast and transient phosphorylation of H2AX in response to IR within the basal cells of the normal human prostate epithelium that was both dose and time dependent. Utilizing tissue culture conditions, we determined that under optimal growth conditions on laminin 511 there was a dose and time response of H2AX phosphorylation in response to IR treatment. Under conditions of HGF stimulation, the persistence of H2AX foci 24 hours after IR was two to four fold higher as compared to unstimulated cells. The amplified persistence of H2AX foci was observed at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy at both 24 and 36 hours after IR treatment. Current studies are determining if the inadequate repair response to IR under conditions of stimulated invasion results in an increased tumor cell killing or an increased genomic instability of surviving tumor cells. (Supported in part by NIH Cancer Center Core Grant CA 23074 and DOD grant W81XWH-10-1-0496) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4345. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4345
Changes of the Unique Odontogenic Properties of Rat Apical Bud Cells under the Developing Apical Complex Microenvironment
Authors: Jun Fang, Liang Tang, Xiao‐hui Liu, Ling‐ying Wen, Yan Jin
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

To characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells (ABCs) in different microenvironment. Incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal SD rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability. Meanwhile ABCs were cultured and purified by repeated differential trypsinization. Then ABCs were cultured with conditioned medium from developing apical complex cells (DAC‐CM). Immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to compare the biological change of ABC treated with or without DAC‐CM. First we confirmed the ability of apical bud to form crown‐like structure ectopically. Equally important, by using the developing apical complex (DAC) conditioned medium, we found the microenvironment created by root could abrogate the “crown” features of ABCs and promote their proliferation and differentiation. ABCs possess odontogenic capability to form crown‐like tissues and this property can be affected by root‐produced microenvironment.
Smoking Status and Risk for Recurrent Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thomas D. Rea, Susan R. Heckbert, Robert C. Kaplan, Nicholas L. Smith, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Questions remain about the importance of smoking and smoking cessation after incident myocardial infarction. Objective: To assess the association between smoking status and risk for recurrent coronary events. Design: Retrospective, population-based, inception cohort study. Setting: Health maintenance organization from 1986 to 1996. Patients: 2619 persons who survived to hospital discharge after a first myocardial infarction. Measurements: Relative risk (RR), assessed by using Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, for recurrent coronary events in nonsmokers (persons with no history of smoking), former smokers (persons who had stopped smoking before infarction), quitters (persons who stopped smoking after infarction), and active smokers (persons who continued smoking after infarction). Results: At the time of incident infarction, 33.6% of patients were nonsmokers, 35.5% were former smokers, and 30.9% were active smokers. Of the 808 persons who were active smokers at the time of incident infarction, 449 quit smoking during hospitalization or after discharge. With nonsmokers as the reference group, the multivariable RR for recurrent coronary events (n = 433) was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.43) for former smokers and 1.51 (CI, 1.10 to 2.07) for active smokers. Among quitters, the RR decreased as duration of cessation increased: With nonsmokers as the reference group, the RR for quitters was 1.62 (CI, 1.02 to 2.61) if the duration of cessation was 0 to less than 6 months, 1.60 (CI, 0.97 to 2.60) if the duration was 6 to less than 18 months, 1.48 (CI, 0.76 to 2.51) if the duration was 18 to less than 36 months, and 1.02 (CI, 0.54 to 1.86) if the duration was 36 months or more (P = 0.01 for trend). Conclusion: After incident myocardial infarction, smoking was associated with an elevated risk for recurrent coronary events. In persons who quit smoking after infarction, the risk declined to equal that of nonsmokers by 3 years after cessation.
Obtain Informed Consent Before Publishing Information About Patients
Authors: Linda Hawes Clever
Journal: JAMA (1997)

AUTHORS OF SCIENTIFIC articles have an obligation to obtain informed consent of patients before the publication of data by which those patients can be identified. The purpose of this procedure is to maintain the efficacy and dignity of the individual. The challenge is to avoid the distribution of information that can lead to discrimination, recrimination, and shame; to job disqualification or the loss of work or insurance. The call is now because the spread of medical information can have consequences far into the future. One remedy is to require permission from patients before the publication of research and reports. <h3>See also pp 624 and 682.</h3> Standards are developed not just to affirm what is right but to avoid what is wrong. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,<sup>1</sup>for example, asserts rights to work safely, to live healthily, and to speak freely. It also seeks to protect people from slavery
Carvedilol but Not Metoprolol Reduces β-Adrenergic Responsiveness After Complete Elimination From Plasma In Vivo
Authors: Michael Kindermann, Christoph Maack, Susanne Schaller, Nadine Finkler, Kathrin I. Schmidt, Stephanie Läer, Henrike Wuttke, Hans-Joachim Schäfers, Michael Böhm
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Carvedilol but not metoprolol exhibits persistent binding to beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) even after washout in cell culture experiments. Here, we determined the significance of this phenomenon on human beta-ARs in vitro and in vivo.Experiments were conducted on human atrial trabeculae (n=8 to 10 per group). In the presence of metoprolol, isoproterenol potency was reduced compared with controls (P<0.001). In the presence of carvedilol, isoproterenol identified 2 distinct binding sites of high (36+/-6%; -8.8+/-0.4 log mol/L) and low affinity (-6.5+/-0.2 log mol/L). After beta-blocker washout, isoproterenol potency returned to control values in metoprolol-treated muscles, whereas in carvedilol-treated preparations, isoproterenol potency remained decreased (P<0.001 versus control). In vivo studies were performed in 9 individuals receiving metoprolol succinate (190 mg/d) or carvedilol (50 mg/d) for 11 days in a randomized crossover design. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (5 to 40 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was performed before, during, and 44 hours after application of study medication. Beta-blocker medication reduced heart rate, heart rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and cardiac output compared with baseline (P<0.02 to 0.0001). After withdrawal of metoprolol, all parameters returned to baseline values, whereas after carvedilol, all parameters remained reduced (P<0.05 to 0.001) despite complete plasma elimination of carvedilol.Carvedilol but not metoprolol inhibits the catecholamine response of the human heart beyond its plasma elimination. The persistent beta-blockade by carvedilol may be explained by binding of carvedilol to an allosteric site of beta-ARs.
Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.
Authors: M Almagor, I Kahane, S Yatziv
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in inducing host cell injury was studied in normal and trisomy 21 human cells. As a result of M. pneumoniae infection, catalase activity in infected normal skin fibroblasts and ciliated epithelial cells decreased by 74-77% as compared with uninfected controls. Addition of superoxide dismutase to the infected cultured cells totally prevented the inhibition whereas addition of catalase or catalytically inactivated superoxide dismutase had no protective effect. Trisomy 21 erythrocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts in which CuZn-superoxide dismutase content is 50% greater than in normal cells were infected by M. pneumoniae. The inhibition of catalase activity in these cells was 7-33% and 0-20.5%, respectively, as compared with 65-72% and 48-68% inhibition in normal infected controls. Following M. pneumoniae infection, the levels of malonyldialdehyde, an indicator for membrane lipid peroxidation were raised in trisomy 21 cultured fibroblasts by 10-32% while in normal cells malonyldialdehyde increased by 140-870%. Externally added superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in normal infected cells. Lactate dehydrogenase release from normal infected cells was time correlated with the increase in their malonyldialdehyde formation. It is suggested that superoxide generated during M. pneumoniae infection is involved in the inhibition of host cell catalase activity. The inactivation of this cellular antioxidative defense mechanism results in progressive oxidative damage to the M. pneumoniae-infected cells.
F-18 FDG PET Imaging Features of a Perigraft Leak and Thrombus in a Patient With Dissecting Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Pramod Gupta, Elissa Kramer, Fabio Ponzo, Hisu Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 62-year-old asymptomatic woman with carcinoma of the tongue underwent PET imaging for staging. She also had a history of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with dissection, which was repaired surgically by placing a proximal graft after rupture a year earlier. This was complicated by a leak from the distal end of the graft forming a contained hematoma within the aneurysmal lumen, in which sealing was attempted with adhesive material. A recent CT scan demonstrated a large aortic aneurysm with a patent, true lumen and a graft with thrombus as well as a contained leak. The PET scan demonstrated diffuse FDG uptake in the patent lumen and a perigraft leak and no uptake in the thrombus.
Five futures for academic medicine
Authors: Matthew J Ridd, Alison R G Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—One way for universities to revitalise academic medicine might be to look outward.1 Research takes money, and competition for funding is fierce. The chances of success are improved by demonstrating an expertise in both subject area and appropriate methods. Collaboration can be one way to achieve this, but how do you know with whom to collaborate? It's not just …
New Techniques Enable 'Heartless' Lung Transplants
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

RECENT IMPROVEMENTS in immunosuppression, surgical technique, and graft preservation have breathed new life into lung transplantation. The procedure is being revived at Toronto General Hospital, Stanford (Calif) Medical Center, and Harefield Hospital in Great Britain. Joel D. Cooper, MD, director of the Toronto Lung Transplant Group at the University of Toronto, says that the availability of cyclosporine and the use of an omental wrap have made single- and double-lung transplantation viable alternatives to heart/lung transplantation in patients with end-stage interstitial lung disease who have good cardiac function. The Toronto group has performed two successful double-lung transplants since early December 1986 and five successful single-lung transplants since 1983. And surgeons at Harefield Hospital have performed three double-lung procedures since December, but have not reported results. Cooper thinks the recent successes are reversing lung transplantation's dismal record. Single-lung transplantation was introduced in the early 1960s. It was abandoned a decade later after