tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Convulsions during Anaesthesia: Atropine in Childhood
Authors: H. Sington
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Abstract  Comprehensive preclinical studies of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) have been elusive due to limited ability of MDS stem cells to engraft current immunodeficient murine hosts. We developed a novel MDS patient-derived xenotransplantation model in cytokine-humanized immunodeficient  mice that for the first time provides efficient and faithful disease representation across all MDS subtypes. MISTRG MDS patient-derived xenografts (PDX) reproduce patients9 dysplastic morphology with multi-lineage representation, including erythro- and megakaryopoiesis. MISTRG MDS-PDX replicate the original sample9s genetic complexity and can be propagated via serial transplantation. MISTRG MDS-PDX demonstrate the cytotoxic and differentiation potential of targeted therapeutics providing superior readouts of drug mechanism of action and therapeutic efficacy. Physiologic humanization of the hematopoietic stem cell niche proves critical to MDS stem cell propagation and function in vivo. The MISTRG MDS-PDX model opens novel avenues of research and long-awaited opportunities in MDS research.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF HUMAN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY
Authors: Giuseppe A. Andres, Lidia Accinni, Konrad C. Hsu, John B. Zabriskie, Beatrice C. Seegal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

1. Kidney biopsies from 4 cases of severe acute glomerulonephritis were obtained 11 to 25 days after the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease. These tissues were treated with ferritin-conjugated antibodies to 7S γ-globulin, ß1C, and Type 12 streptococcal products. Adjacent pieces of the biopsied material were treated with control ferritin-labeled antisera or with ferritin alone. As further controls, normal renal tissue and renal tissue from patients with other kidney diseases were treated with the same antisera. The 3 antisera to 7S γ-globulin, ß1C and Type 12 streptococcus were specifically bound in electron-opaque foreign material in the following renal areas: (a) the lumen of glomerular capillaries; (b) medullary arteriolar walls (2 cases); (c) pinocytic vacuoles and absorption droplets of endothelial or mesangial cells; (d) canals between proliferating mesangial or endothelial cells which connect the capillary lumen with the deep mesangial region or with the endothelial side of the basement membrane; (e) basement membrane proper; (f) subendothelial and certain subepithelial deposits; and (g) Bowman's space. 2. None of the 3 ferritin-conjugated antisera listed above were bound to the nuclei of glomerular cells or to portions of the cytoplasm other than those specified. 3. Ferritin-conjugated antisera to pneumococcus Type II and vaccinia virus and ferritin alone were not bound to any structures in the glomerular tissue. 4. None of the ferritin-conjugated antisera bound to normal renal tissue or to kidney tissue from other renal disease. 5. The data obtained are compatible with the following working hypothesis: Antigen-antibody aggregates of Type 12 streptococcal products, γ-globulin, and complement are present in the circulating blood of patients with severe acute glomerulonephritis. Large amounts of the complexes are caught in the filtering system of the glomeruli. The inflammatory reactions seen in the glomerular structures result from the presence of the immune complexes and of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes which conjointly may be responsible for the disease.
Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for Immunoglobulin G Staphylococcus aureus Antibody in Serious Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: L. JOSEPH WHEAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Clinical features of 99 patients with staphylococcal infection were reviewed, and sera were tested by solid-phase radioimmunoassay and gel diffusion for staphylococcal antibodies to ascertain whether these variables predict the extent of infection and the need for prolonged therapy. Clinical features, including the presence of a primary site of infection or a continuous pattern of bacteremia, were not sufficient for differentiating endocarditis or complicated bacteremia from uncomplicated bacteremia. Patients with uncomplicated bacteremia were cured by 3 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Positive serologic tests for staphylococcal antibody helped distinguish patients with endocarditis or complicated bacteremia from patients with uncomplicated bacteremia. Radioimmunoassay was more sensitive than gel diffusion for identifying patients with complicated bacteremia. Our results indicate that patients with a positive antibody result 14 days after the onset of infection should be considered to have endocarditis or complicated bacteremia, but a negative antibody result would support short-term antibiotic therapy.
VESICO-INTESTINAL FISTULAS
Authors: J. H. MORRISSEY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In a communication<sup>1</sup>read before the Section on Urology of the American Medical Association in 1927, the possible extension of inflammatory processes in viscera adjacent to the superior pelvorectal space was clearly emphasized. Instances were cited in which infection originating in the seminal vesicles, superior urethra and other structures had spread to this space and, forming inflammatory deposits, had subsequently involved other juxtaposed organs. It was in this communication that pertinent data relative to the etiology of vesico-intestinal fistula were brought to light. The literature on the subject records a proportionately limited number of cases. Prior to 1870, when Blanquinque's<sup>2</sup>article appeared, there are a few isolated references mainly of French source, by Boyer,<sup>3</sup>DeSault<sup>3</sup>and Chopart.<sup>3</sup>In the seventeenth century Schenckius,<sup>3</sup>a German practitioner of Freiburg, noted the occurrence of a vesico-intestinal fistula in a fellow practitioner consequent on degenerative changes in a
Hepatocyte-specific inhibition of NF-κB leads to apoptosis after TNF treatment, but not after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Michelle L. Chaisson, John T. Brooling, Warren Ladiges, Sophia Tsai, Nelson Fausto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

One of the earliest TNF-dependent events to occur during liver regeneration is the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB through TNF receptor type 1. NF-κB activation in the liver can have both antiapoptotic and proliferative effects, but it is unclear which liver cell types, hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), contribute to these effects. To specifically evaluate the role of hepatocyte NF-κB, we created GLVP/ΔN-IκBα transgenic mice, in which expression of a deletion mutant of IκBα (ΔN-IκBα) was induced in hepatocytes after injection of mifepristone. In control mice, injection of 25 μg/kg TNF caused NF-κB nuclear translocation in virtually all hepatocytes by 30 minutes and no detectable apoptosis, while in mice expressing ΔN-IκBα, NF-κB nuclear translocation was blocked in 45% of hepatocytes, leading to apoptosis 4 hours after TNF injection. In contrast, expression of ΔN-IκBα in hepatocytes during the first several hours after partial hepatectomy did not lead to apoptosis or decreased proliferation. As NF-κB activation was not inhibited in liver NPCs, it is likely that these cells are responsible for mediating the proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of NF-κB during liver regeneration.
Time Course of Changes in Surface Tension and Morphology of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in CO2-induced Hyaline Membrane Disease *
Authors: K. E. Schaefer, M. E. Avery, K. Bensch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

the relationship between changes in lung surfac- tant and transformation of lamellar bodies in al- veolar cells during the uncompensated phase of C02-induced acidosis. MethodsMale guinea pigs of the Hartley strain weighing be- tween 400 and 600 g were exposed to 15% CO2 and 3% CO2 in air (21% 02) to follow up previous studies (4).* Based on examination with the light and electron microscope, the over-all number of granular pneumocytes did not appear to change through- out the experiment, although it is not possible to estimate the number of these cells per gram lung tissue.Data are means and standard deviations.t The number in parentheses represents the number of animals when different from the number listed in the first column.$ Film compressibility is [2 (y maximum --y minimum)]/[-y maximum + -y minimum].§ The number in brackets represents the number of sections counted.If Normal lamellar bodies contain very electron opaque material arranged in bars, clumps, or a myeloid pattern.If Abnormal lamellar bodies were without clearly defined electron opaque structures but may contain lipid droplets.** Statistically different from control at the 5% level and better.,
Polychlorinated Biphenyl-77 Induces Adipocyte Differentiation and Proinflammatory Adipokines and Promotes Obesity and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Violeta Arsenescu, Razvan I. Arsenescu, Victoria King, Hollie Swanson, Lisa A. Cassis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Obesity, an inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease, is associated with expansion of adipose tissue. Highly prevalent coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) accumulate in adipose tissue because of their lipophilicity and increase with obesity. However, the effects of PCBs on adipocytes, obesity, and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease are unknown.In this study we examined in vitro and in vivo effects of PCB-77 on adipocyte differentiation, proinflammatory adipokines, adipocyte morphology, body weight, serum lipids, and atherosclerosis.PCB-77 or 2,2',4,4,5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) was incubated with 3T3-L1 adipocytes either during differentiation or in mature adipocytes. Concentration-dependent effects of PCB-77 were contrasted with those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). For in vivo studies, we treated C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)(-/-) mice with vehicle or PCB-77 (49 mg/kg, by intraperitoneal injection) and examined body weight gain. In separate studies, we injected ApoE(-/-) mice with vehicle or PCB-77 over a 6-week period and examined body weight, adipocyte size, serum lipids, and atherosclerosis.Low concentrations of PCB-77 or TCDD increased adipocyte differentiation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, whereas higher concentrations inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Effects of PCB-77 were abolished by the AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone. PCB-77 promoted the expression and release of various proinflammatory cytokines from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Administration of PCB-77 increased body weight gain in WT but not AhR(-/-) mice. ApoE(-/-) mice injected with PCB-77 exhibited greater body weight, adipocyte hypertrophy, serum dyslipidemia, and augmented atherosclerosis.Our findings suggest that PCB-77 may contribute to the development of obesity and obesity-associated atherosclerosis.
A Theoretic Model of the T Wave
Authors: KENICHI HARUMI, MARY JO BURGESS, J. A. ABILDSKOV
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A theoretical model of the T wave based on the sequence of depolarization and multiple action potentials in appropriate time phase has been presented. The methods used to derive T waves and loops from the QRS complex of experimental animals have been described, and derived T waves were closely similar to the T waves recorded from these animals. The findings indicate utility of the model in understanding normal T waves and suggest it may be useful in accounting for abnormal T waves.
A noncollagenous matrix for attachment of rat hepatocytes in culture
Authors: Patricia Ponce, Javier Cordero, Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Adult rat hepatocytes efficiently attach to intact connective tissue fibers prepared from normal rat liver; this material has been given the name of “biomatrix”. The cells remain alive and differentiated for at least 4 months in culture. The liver biomatrix contains both collagen and noncollagenous glycoproteins. Heretofore, the functions of the different components of the biomatrix in facilitating cell adhesion and promoting survival and differentiation of rat hepatocytes have not been investigated. We now report on an aggregate of glycoproteins which were extracted with dilute acetic acid from liver biomatrix and which facilitate hepatocyte adhesion to plastic dishes and collagen. One protein in the extract, with a molecular weight larger than 300,000, was selectively immunoprecipitated with an antibody prepared against the extract and immunoadsorbed to glutaraldehyde-cross-linked rat serum. The antibody did not cross-react with cold-insoluble globulin and selectively inhibited cell attachment. The protein of molecular weight of 300,000 appears to be specific for liver, since similar extracts prepared from rat lung, kidney, and heart biomatrices did not cross-react with the antibody. Furthermore, the latter extracts did not facilitate cell attachment above values obtained with plain culture dishes. The results suggest that glycoproteins in the biomatrix, which are antigenically distinct from fibronectin, can mediate attachment of rat hepatocytes to plastic dishes and collagen.
Lung Cancer and Bronchitis
Authors: R. Mulcahy
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MCLJORAmeal was booked and she was discharged on June 23.She was readmitted on June 29 as the epigastric pain had continued and become more severe.She had vomited once.She was apyrexial and there was only moderate epigastric tenderness without signs of peri- tonitis.Over the next 48 hours, however, her pulse rate rose and she developed signs of a generalized peritonitis.At laparotomy on July I she was found to have gangrene of the middle 3 ft. of the small bowel and gross oedema of the mesentery due to thrombosis of the mesenteric veins.Good pulsation was felt in the mesenteric arteries.The infarcted bowel was resected.Intravenous heparin 10,000 units six- hourly and tetracycline were commenced im- mediately post-operatively.The heparin was discontinued on July 15 because the patient had three melaena stools.She made a good recovery and was discharged on August 10.Two months later she was symptom free, having one bowel action a day, and had maintained her weight.This case seems worth reporting be- cause it illustrates:(1) The duration of symptoms before infarction of the bowel occurs--in this case four weeks.(2) That with timely resection of in- farcted bowel and immediate post- operative anticoagulant therapy survival is possible.(3) That the condition may begin in the later weeks of pregnancy, and may in this case have contributed to the intra- uterine death.We are grateful to
Systematic review of clinical effectiveness of pressurised metered dose inhalers versus other hand held inhaler devices for delivering beta 2 agonists bronchodilators in asthma
Authors: F. S F Ram, J. Wright, D. Brocklebank, J. E S White
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the clinical effectiveness of pressurised metered dose inhalers compared with other hand held inhaler devices for delivering short acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists in stable asthma. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources:</b> Cochrane Airways Group specialised trials database (which includes hand searching of 20 relevant journals), Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled clinical trials register, pharmaceutical companies, and bibliographies of included trials. <b>Trials:</b> All trials in children or adults with stable asthma that compared the pressurised metered dose inhaler (with or without a spacer device) against any other hand held inhaler device containing the same β<sub>2</sub> agonist. <b>Results:</b> 84 randomised controlled trials were included. No differences were found between the pressurised metered dose inhaler and any other hand held inhaler device for lung function, blood pressure, symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, systemic bioavailability, inhaled steroid requirement, serum potassium concentration, and use of additional relief bronchodilators. In adults, pulse rate was lower in those using the pressurised metered dose inhaler compared with those using Turbohaler (standardised mean difference 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.84); patients preferred the pressurised metered dose inhaler to the Rotahaler (relative risk 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.78); hydrofluoroalkane pressurised metered dose inhalers reduced the requirement for rescue short course oral steroids (relative risk 0.67, 0.49 to 0.91). <b>Conclusions:</b> No evidence was found to show that alternative inhaler devices are more effective than standard pressurised metered dose inhalers for delivering acting β<sub>2</sub> agonist bronchodilators in asthma. Pressurised metered dose inhalers remain the most cost effective delivery devices. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Many different inhaler devices are available for administration of short acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists in asthma Current guidelines for their use are inconsistent and not evidence based <h3>What this study adds</h3> This systematic review found no evidence that alternative inhaler devices are more effective than pressurised metered dose inhalers for administering inhaled β<sub>2</sub> agonist bronchodilators Pressurised metered dose inhalers (or the cheapest inhaler device) should be used as first line treatment in all patients with stable asthma who require β<sub>2</sub> agonists
Effect of Glucagon Hydrochloride on Hypoglycemia of Juvenile Diabetics
Authors: Donnell D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1963)

GLUCAGON HYDROCHLORIDE is a polypeptide secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. When injected into most individuals it causes a rapid increase in blood glucose. Thus it has the opposite effect of insulin which is produced by the beta cells. Although both glucagon HCl and insulin have a profound influence upon carbohydrate metabolism, these two pancreatic secretions exert their action at different sites. Insulin alters cell permeability to glucose, stimulates conversion of glucose to glucose-1-phosphate, and also influences the citric acid cycle. Glucagon HCl acts primarily in the liver where it stimulates phosphorylase activity which in turn increases formation of glucose-1-phosphate from stored glycogen. Shortly after the discovery of insulin in 1922, Collip<sup>1</sup>called attention to an initial hyperglycemic response that followed injection of pancreatic extracts into animals. Kimball and Murlin<sup>2</sup>pursued this phenomenon further and suggested that it might not be caused by insulin but by
The role of executive control in tool use
Authors: Gijsbert Stoet, Lawrence H. Snyder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Comparing cognitive functions between humans and nonhuman primates is helpful for understanding human tool use. We comment on the latest insights from comparative research on executive control functions. Based on our own work, we discuss how even a mental function in which non-human primates outperform humans might have played a key role in the development of tool use.
Early Increase in Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor Signaling and Expression Contributes to Phenotype Onset in Huntington's Disease Mice
Authors: Austen J. Milnerwood, Clare M. Gladding, Mahmoud A. Pouladi, Alexandra M. Kaufman, Rochelle M. Hines, Jamie D. Boyd, Rebecca W.Y. Ko, Oana C. Vasuta, Rona K. Graham, Michael R. Hayden, Timothy H. Murphy, Lynn A. Raymond
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Comparative gene expression profiling of in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes and erythroblasts identifies novel activatory and inhibitory platelet membrane proteins
Authors: Iain C. Macaulay, Marloes R. Tijssen, Daphne C. Thijssen-Timmer, Arief Gusnanto, Michael Steward, Philippa Burns, Cordelia F. Langford, Peter D. Ellis, Frank Dudbridge, Jaap-Jan Zwaginga, Nicholas A. Watkins, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Willem H. Ouwehand
Journal: Blood (2006)
Catheter-mediated pulmonary vascular gene transfer and expression.
Authors: D W Muller, D Gordon, H San, Z Yang, V J Pompili, G J Nabel, E G Nabel
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The study and treatment of pulmonary diseases may be greatly facilitated by in vivo expression of specific recombinant genes in the pulmonary vasculature and lung parenchyma. To evaluate the feasibility of gene transfer to the pulmonary vasculature, cationic liposomes and adenoviral vectors encoding a human placental alkaline phosphatase (hpAP) gene were delivered into a pulmonary artery of 24 pigs by percutaneous right heart catheterization. Pulmonary tissue was harvested within 20 minutes or 5, 14, or 28 days later and was analyzed for gene transfer and expression. Five days after exposure to liposomes or adenoviral vectors, transfer of DNA and expression of mRNA were demonstrated in transfected lung tissue. Recombinant alkaline phosphatase protein was observed in both the vasculature and in alveolar septa but not in the bronchi. Expression of hpAP protein was observed at 5 days, was diminished at 14 days, and was absent 28 days after gene transfer with both liposome and adenoviral vectors. No major adverse effects of gene expression were detected by histological examination of the transfected lung segments compared with control segments. Gene transfer to the lung by either vector was not associated with significant biochemical abnormalities or histological changes 5, 14, or 28 days later in other organs, including carotid artery, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle, ovary, and testes. These studies demonstrate that after intravascular gene delivery to the lung, recombinant genes are expressed in the vasculature and alveoli. This approach may provide a useful model for the experimental study of pulmonary vascular diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary thrombosis disorders.
A NEW PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF NERVOUS CATARRH.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: SETH SCOTT BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1893)

effect from the cocain is obtained and the most com¬ plete anesthesia.The wad may be molded over the deflection by means of a flat wire applicator.Such an applicator as is used for applying chromic or tri- chloracetic acid, which may be easily made by ham¬ mering flat the last inch of an eight-inch length of No. 14 copper wire.This wire fits in the handle of the ordinary laryngoscopic mirror, and may be put to various uses.
CRANIOTOMY IN MICROCEPHALUS.Lecture delivered to the Post-Graduate Medical School, Chicago, 1893.
Authors: CARL BECK
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The era of aseptic surgery has not only brought about important changes of old operative methods and simplified our surgical apparatus, but it has also given a stimulus to bold undertakings in surgery. A large group of operations, which we could designate with the collective name of plastic operations, in the broad sense of the word, and which have the ideal purpose to correct the errors and faulty works of nature, have made an immense progress; but not only the common malformations as cleft palate, congenital dislocations, etc., have been attacked surgically, but the most delicate organ of the human body, the brain, has been a field of speculation by surgeons. Malformations and retarded development, mental disturbances of many kinds were considered and subjected to surgical experiments, and many of these experiments proved to be a success. But as it always happens in such instances, the use of these operations