tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stress responsiveness in patients with psoriasis
Authors: B.B. Arnetz, B. Fjellner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We read with great interest the article by Richards et al.1 regarding an attenuated psychological stressor response in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with psoriasis, especially in those with an apparent stress‐sensitive disease. In 1985, we reported a similar attenuation in the HPA axis in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls following stressor exposure similar to that used in the eloquent laboratory set‐up by Richards et al.2 Moreover, despite standardized stressor exposures, the psoriatic group in our study reported higher mental strain levels during stress, which was also reflected in higher blood glucose and urinary adrenaline levels during stressor exposures vs. controls. Thus, the greater cortisol attenuation might be due to changes in the HPA and other stress‐responsive systems and/or how patients with psoriasis interpret challenges, that is, differences in the stress appraisal process. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the importance of suboptimal stressor activation of the HPA axis during acute stressor exposures and its implications to health.3 Studies of patients with psoriasis indicate that heightened stress responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system is accompanied by an inability to activate the HPA axis. This might have important implications for the dermatological health of patients and be of special interest in light of the fact that for many years cortisone has been the mainstay in psoriasis treatment.
Association of the IL28B genotype with insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Albert Friedrich Stättermayer, Karoline Rutter, Sandra Beinhardt, Thomas-Matthias Scherzer, Andreas Stadlmayr, Harald Hofer, Fritz Wrba, Petra Steindl-Munda, Michael Krebs, Christian Datz, Michael Trauner, Peter Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Basal Plasma Glucagon Levels of Man*
Authors: Joseph E. Sokal, Ediz Z. Ezdinli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The isolated perfused rat liver can serve as a bioassay system for glucagon, capable of detecting 10 mmug of this agent. Seven 15-ml plasma specimens obtained from different healthy volunteers after an overnight fast were assayed in this system; glucagon could not be detected in any of them, indicating concentrations significantly below 0.67 mmug per ml in all subjects. The effects of administering small doses of glucagon to patients were consistent with these results; imposition of increments to plasma glucagon concentration below 1 mmug per ml induced distinct and sustained increases in blood glucose. Observations of the biologic effects of glucagon, together with data on the rate of its inactivation by the liver, suggest that the basal concentration of this hormone in peripheral plasma probably does not exceed 0.1 mmug per ml.
Underfloor heating: an unrecognised hazard in infancy
Authors: C Gray, M A Green
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Une observation de mort subite du nourrisson ou l'autopsie n'a pas pu reveler de cause precise. Seul caractere particulier: temperature de 42° lors de l'arrivee aux urgences. Les experimentations ulterieures montrent qu'une hyperthermie mortelle peut etre provoquee par le chauffage par le sol, le berceau etant pose sur le sol sans tapis ni isolation
Total Barrett eradication: Is it ready for prime time?
Authors: J. Bergman, P. Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

This special issue of Endoscopy is dedicated to the subject of total Barrett eradication, that is the complete removal of Barrett esophagus and associated neoplasia by endoscopic resection and/or endoscopic ablation techniques. Many leading experts in the field have contributed to this important issue. Drs. Shaheen and Spechler discuss the relevant methodological issues and pitfalls in studies of Barrett esophagus eradication [1], Drs. Curvers and Bansal offer recommendations for the endoscopic work-up of patients with Barrett esophagus-related neoplasia (BERN) [2], and Drs. Odze and Lauwers clearly describe how pre- and post-treatment histology should be evaluated [3]. Subsequently, leaders in the field of therapeutic endoscopy discuss the different available endoscopic treatment modalities for BERN: endoscopic resection, argon plasma coagulation (APC), cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) [4] [5] [6] [7]. Finally, Drs. Peters [8] and Falk [9] look into the crystal ball to predict the future of endoscopic treatment of BERN from a surgeon’s and an endoscopist’s viewpoint, respectively.
Four out of five respondents back GMC plans to reduce public hearings
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Proposals by the General Medical Council to change its rules to avoid a public fitness to practise hearing in cases where the doctor agrees to the sanction have been backed by most respondents to its consultation.

Some 83% of respondents agreed that the UK medical regulator should “explore alternative means to deliver patient protection, where there is no substantial dispute about the facts,” a report on the responses says. Those backing the move include most patient groups, according to the report.

Around 77% of respondents, including the BMA and the royal colleges, considered it appropriate for the GMC to have discussions with doctors to encourage them to accept the sanction, …
A disease locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome 9q33–34
Authors: M.T. McDonald, K.A. Papenberg, S. Ghosh, A.A. Glatfelter, B.B. Biesecker, E.A. Helmbold, D.S. Markel, A. Zolotor, W.C. McKinnon, J.L. Vanderstoep, C.E. Jackson, M. Iannuzzi, F.S. Collins, M. Boehnke, M.E. Porteous, A.E. Guttmacher, D.A. Marchuk
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Image Distortion Due to Massive Ascites during Tc-99m RBC Scanning for Intestinal Bleeding
Authors: SARAH K. CONWAY, RUSSELL C. BRIGGS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A Tc-99m RBC study was performed in a patient with clinically demonstrable ascites on physical examination. Serial images revealed a centrally located pool of tracer activity surrounded by a photon-deficient halo. This appearance mimics the classic plain radiographic findings of ascites, including centrally floating bowel loops surrounded by a ground-glass ascitic rim; widened pericolic gutter; and medial displacement of the lateral border of the right lobe of the liver (sign of marked ascites). The centrally located pool of tracer activity within the intestinal blood pool should not be confused with active bleeding into the gut, nor should it be confused with the vascular blush of a tumor mass. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver, some of this centrally located activity may be secondary to hepatofugal blood flow. Causes of ascites other than liver disease, such as ovarian diseases, peritoneal carcinomatosis, myxedema, peritonitis, and iatrogenic entities such as peritoneal dialysis and bile leaks, might produce the findings described here. The phenomenon noted in this case is analogous to that seen with a pericardial effusion in radionuclide ventriculography.
Metabolism of reverse triiodothyronine by isolated rat hepatocytes.
Authors: S J Rooda, M A van Loon, T J Visser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) is metabolized predominantly by outer ring deiodination to 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) in the liver. Metabolism of rT3 and 3,3'-T2 by isolated rat hepatocytes was analyzed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassay, with closely agreeing results. Deiodinase activity was inhibited with propylthiouracil (PTU) and sulfotransferase activity by sulfate depletion or addition of salicylamide or dichloronitrophenol. Normally, little 3,3'-T2 production from rT3 was observed, and 125I- was the main product of both 3,[3'-125I]T2 and [3',5'-125I]rT3. PTU inhibited rT3 metabolism but did not affect 3,3'-T2 clearance as explained by accumulation of 3,3'-T2 sulfate. Inhibition of sulfation did not affect rT3 clearance but 3,3'-T2 metabolism was greatly diminished. The decrease in I- formation from rT3 was compensated by an increased recovery of 3,3'-T2 up to 70% of rT3 metabolized. In conclusion, significant production of 3,3'-T2 from rT3 by rat hepatocytes is only observed if further sulfation is inhibited.
When science rides the MTA
Authors: Alan Dove
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Shortly after a large-scale clinical trial in 1955, the first inactivated polio vaccine was being injected into tens of millions of people around the world — possibly the most successful pharmaceutical product launch in history. Asked why he had not obtained a patent on the phenomenally successful vaccine, Jonas Salk reportedly replied, “That would be like patenting the sun.”
The Effective Clinician: His Methods and Approach to Diagnosis and Care
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Using pictures of famous physicians as illustrations, Dr. Tumulty tells his readers how to manage their patients and, when necesssary, the patients' families. Tumulty finds it difficult to understand how a computer or a physician's assistant can obtain a satisfactory medical history. Nothing, he writes, so manifestly demonstrates the qualities of a good physician to the patient (and gains the patient's confidence) as a meticulously accomplished history and physical examination. According to Tumulty, the most common cause for inaccurate diagnosis is allowing inadequate time for obtaining and analyzing clinical data. He describes his systematic, step-by-step approach to differential diagnosis and applies it to the illnesses of different patients. First, he gathers all the clinical evidence; next, he organizes the evidence in brief outline form; then, he selects from the outline one or more key features; and finally, he lists the various disorders capable of producing these key features and chooses
A functional 14-3-3ζ–independent association of PI3-kinase with glycoprotein Ibα, the major ligand-binding subunit of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex
Authors: Fi-Tjen Mu, Robert K. Andrews, Jane F. Arthur, Adam D. Munday, Susan L. Cranmer, Shaun P. Jackson, Frank C. Stomski, Angel F. Lopez, Michael C. Berndt
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Challenge of Disability to Medicine
Authors: Charles D. Shields
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Physical disability affects the health, welfare, and economic status of many individual Americans. Organized medicine and official health agencies must develop methods designed to preserve functional capacity and delay the onset of disability. Basic medical research, good clinical practice, and extensive rehabilitation services should be made available to protect and maintain individual health and efficiency. The physician has a responsibility to provide complete medical services which must be correlated with nonmedical community functions. When illness or injury prevents an individual from working for 30 days or more he often needs some financial assistance. Physical disability thus places burdens on the community. The medical profession must become interested in stimulating the improvement and expansion of prepayment insurance plans to prevent disability and to reduce its effects.
In vitro dissolution of uranium oxide by baboon alveolar macrophages.
Authors: J L Poncy, H Metivier, M Dhilly, M Verry, R Masse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

In vitro cellular dissolution tests for insoluble forms of uranium oxide are technically difficult with conventional methodology using adherent alveolar macrophages. The limited number of cells per flask and the slow dissolution rate in a large volume of nutritive medium are obvious restricting factors. Macrophages in suspension cannot be substituted because they represent different and poorly reproducible functional subtypes with regard to activation and enzyme secretion. Preliminary results on the dissolution of uranium oxide using immobilized alveolar macrophages are promising because large numbers of highly functional macrophages can be cultured in a limited volume. Cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavages performed on baboons (Papio papio) and then immobilized after the phagocytosis of uranium octoxide (U3O8) particles in alginate beads linked with Ca2+. The dissolution rate expressed as percentage of initial uranium content in cells was 0.039 +/- 0.016%/day for particles with a count median geometric diameter of 3.84 microns(sigma g = 1.84). A 2-fold increase in the dissolution rate was observed when the same number of particles was immobilized without macrophages. These results, obtained in vitro, suggest that the U3O8 preparation investigated should be assigned to inhalation class Y as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Future experiments are intended to clarify this preliminary work and to examine the dissolution characteristics of other particles such as uranium dioxide. It is recommended that the dissolution rate should be measured over an interval of 3 weeks, which is compatible with the survival time of immobilized cells in culture and may reveal transformation states occurring with aging of the particles.
The Decision to Forgo CPR in the Elderly Patient
Authors: David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CARDIOPULMONARY resuscitation (CPR) is attempted in one third of those who die in American hospitals. One third of these patients survive the initial resuscitation effort; one third of the survivors leave the hospital; 80% of these individuals will be alive six months later; and 60% will be alive five years later. Half of those who receive CPR are more than 65 years of age. The majority of the survivors remember nothing about the experience except a sore chest on awakening. Most long-term survivors resume their previous activity, but almost half decide to forgo CPR in the future and 2% of the survivors will be left in the persistent vegetative state.<sup>1-4</sup> As these data suggest, long-term survivors of cardiopulmonary arrest have run a daunting biologic gauntlet. Full recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest is a test of the responsiveness of the cardiopulmonary system, the tolerance of the brain to global ischemia, and
Campaigners hope UK will follow Australia's lead on plain packaging for cigarettes
Authors: H. Bass
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK could follow Australia’s historic lead and introduce standardised plain packaging for all cigarettes, a conference heard this week.

In November 2011 Australia became the first country to ban all branding and advertising on cigarette packs. By December 2012 all cigarettes in Australia will be sold in uniform olive green cartons with a graphic health warning and the name of the brand shown only in a small, standardised font.

Campaigners and public health specialists believe that New Zealand will be next to emulate Australia, and hope that Britain, Thailand, Panama, and Uruguay …
Erythrocyte membrane transport of glutathione conjugates and oxidized glutathione in the dubin-johnson syndrome and in rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Philip Board, Toshirou Nishida, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Mingxin Che, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The Dubin-Johnson syndrome is manifested by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and pigment accumulation in hepatocellular lysosomes. The TR- rat model is a phenotypic model of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome and is characterized by defective ATP-dependent transport of a group of nonbile acid organic anions, including glutathione-S-conjugates and oxidized glutathione, across the bile canaliculus. Similar ATP-dependent transport mechanisms have been described in erythrocytes. Intact erythrocytes and inverted erythrocyte membrane vesicles from Dubin-Johnson patients, TR-rats and appropriate controls were studied with regard to ATP-dependent transport of dinitrophenyl glutathione and oxidized glutathione. No significant differences were observed, indicating that the erythrocyte and canalicular ATP-dependent transporters for these substrates are functionally and potentially genetically distinct. (Hepatology 1992;15:722–725).
Immune Protection of Nonhuman Primates against Ebola Virus with Single Low-Dose Adenovirus Vectors Encoding Modified GPs
Authors: Nancy J Sullivan, Thomas W Geisbert, Joan B Geisbert, Devon J Shedlock, Ling Xu, Laurie Lamoreaux, Jerome H. H. V Custers, Paul M Popernack, Zhi-Yong Yang, Maria G Pau, Mario Roederer, Richard A Koup, Jaap Goudsmit, Peter B Jahrling, Gary J Nabel
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Ebola virus causes a hemorrhagic fever syndrome that is associated with high mortality in humans. In the absence of effective therapies for Ebola virus infection, the development of a vaccine becomes an important strategy to contain outbreaks. Immunization with DNA and/or replication-defective adenoviral vectors (rAd) encoding the Ebola glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP) has been previously shown to confer specific protective immunity in nonhuman primates. GP can exert cytopathic effects on transfected cells in vitro, and multiple GP forms have been identified in nature, raising the question of which would be optimal for a human vaccine.To address this question, we have explored the efficacy of mutant GPs from multiple Ebola virus strains with reduced in vitro cytopathicity and analyzed their protective effects in the primate challenge model, with or without NP. Deletion of the GP transmembrane domain eliminated in vitro cytopathicity but reduced its protective efficacy by at least one order of magnitude. In contrast, a point mutation was identified that abolished this cytopathicity but retained immunogenicity and conferred immune protection in the absence of NP. The minimal effective rAd dose was established at 10(10) particles, two logs lower than that used previously.Expression of specific GPs alone vectored by rAd are sufficient to confer protection against lethal challenge in a relevant nonhuman primate model. Elimination of NP from the vaccine and dose reductions to 10(10) rAd particles do not diminish protection and simplify the vaccine, providing the basis for selection of a human vaccine candidate.
CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION IN COMPARISON TO HYPERTENSION WITHOUT HEART FAILURE, ELDERLY WITH RISK FACTORS, AND HEALTHY AGING IN POPULATION DWELLING INDIVIDUALS = 65 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: John S. Gottdiener, Traci Bartz, Christopher DeFilippi, Willem Kop, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Reply to Tomasz Drewa and Piotr Chlosta’s Letter to the Editor re: Michael J. Morris, Daisy Huang, William K. Kelly, et al. Phase 1 Trial of High-Dose Exogenous Testosterone in Patients with Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate. Eur Urol 2009;56:237–44
Authors: Michael J. Morris, Howard I. Scher
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Serum Uric Acid Levels
Authors: Robert T. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Serum uric acid levels measured in normoactive subjects showed small but statistically significant diurnal and hebdomadal patterns. Blood samples were drawn from eight healthy Navy medical corpsmen three times daily for one week. Intersubject differences in serum uric acid levels were significantly greater than time-of-day changes within individual subjects.
Unsafe sexual practices are common, say US studies
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Unsafe sexual practices are common in people infected with HIV and in those at high risk of infection, warned two US epidemiological studies published this week in the American Journal of Public Health . Results suggest that new preventive, educational, and public health strategies are needed to prevent HIV transmission and reduce the risk of a new AIDS epidemic.

More than half (55%) of the men taking part in a survey of sexual behaviour reported having unprotected, insertive anal sex over …
Simultaneous vs. sequential biventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy: an acute hemodynamic study
Authors: Giovanni B. Perego, Roberto Chianca, Mario Facchini, Alessandra Frattola, Eva Balla, Stefania Zucchi, Sergio Cavaglià, Ilaria Vicini, Marco Negretto, Giuseppe Osculati
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2002)
Abstract 4368: Differential Left versus Right Atrial Transcriptional Response to Angiotensin Stimulation
Authors: Tal Hasin, Izhak Kehat, Ami Aronheim
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction : Angiotensin stimulation is associated with atrial arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation is commonly initiated in the left atrium. Cardiac over-expression of members of the angiotensin receptor signaling pathway correlates with atrial dilatation. Similarly cardiac over-expression of the inhibitory basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors JDP2 and ATF3 result in atrial dilatation. We have recently found a signaling pathway in which Angiotensin and Isoproterenol induce ATF3 experssion in the atria. Hypothesis : ATF3 expression may differ in left versus right atria. Methods and Results : mice were IP injected with Angiotensin, Isoproterenol or Saline. ATF3 expression in the left and right atria and in ventricles was analyzed using western blots and by immuno- histochemisty staining of paraffin embedded sections. Whereas Isoproterenol induced ATF3 expression in both atria and in ventricular tissue. Angiotensin induced ATF3 expression in the left atrium and in the ventricls but not in the right atrium (fig ). Analysis for other bZIP transcription factors revealed a responce to angiotensin in both atria. Conclusions and Implication : Angiotensin but not isoproterenol induces ATF3 expression differentially in the left but not right atria. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of left atrial specific angiotensin mediated expression. This finding may be important in understanding atrial pathophysiological response to hemodynamic challenge and pathologies such as dilatation and generation of arrhythmia.
Bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in children with univentricular heart after cavopulmonary anastomosis
Authors: Ruey-Kang R Chang, Juan C Alejos, David Atkinson, Richard Jensen, Stacey Drant, Alvaro Galindo, Hillel Laks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)