tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2369: The adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18 regulates the expression of Id-1 and contributes to melanoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Maya Zigler, Gabriel J. Villares, Andrey S. Dobroff, Russell R. Braeuer, Hua Wang, Li Huang, Rhoda M. Alani, Menashe Bar-Eli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The acquisition of the metastatic phenotype of melanoma is associated with increase of the melanoma cell adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18. We have previously shown that MUC18 plays a major role in promoting cellular invasion by regulating MMP-2 expression and activity. Here, we aim to establish the molecular mechanism by which MUC18 regulates melanoma cell invasion to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Utilizing lentivirus-incorporated small hairpin RNA, we stably silenced MUC18 expression in the metastatic melanoma cell lines A375SM and C8161 and conducted cDNA gene expression microarray analyses. We identified the Inhibitor of DNA Binding-1 (Id-1) to be down regulated by 5.7 fold as a result of MUC18 silencing. Id-1 expression has been shown to correlate with the progression of melanoma and to promote cell invasion by regulating MT1-MMP. We have found that Id-1 expression decreased significantly after MUC18 silencing in both A375SM and C8161, thereby corroborating our microarray results. Additionally, we found that MUC18 regulates Id-1 expression at the transcriptional level through regulation of ATF-3. ATF-3 was upregulated by 6 fold in our cDNA microarray analysis. ChIP analysis showed increase binding of ATF-3 to the Id-1 promoter after MUC18 silencing. Moreover, mutation of the ATF-3 binding site on the Id-1 promoter increased Id-1 promoter activity in MUC18 silenced cells. To further confirm the specificity of regulation of Id-1 and ATF-3 by MUC18, we rescued MUC18 and found that their expression was indeed inverted. Moreover, overexpression of Id-1 in MUC18 silenced cells demonstrated rescue of the invasive phenotype as well as increased activity of MMP-2 and the transcription of MT1-MMP. Collectively, our results suggest that MUC18 contributes to the malignant phenotype of melanoma via regulation of Id-1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2369.
THE MUNICIPALIZATION OF HOSPITALS: THE BRADFORD EXPERIMENT
Authors: C. Buttar
Journal: BMJ (1920)

Thuz i'iUNICIPALIZATION OF HOSPITAL8.Maltesco Preparatiowns.-These are preparations of malt extract made in several branids.Maltesco No.I is stated to containi 10 per ceiit. of digested "meat priniciples "1 in combliiiation with a malt extract of hiigh diastatic power.Our analysis gives:Total nitrogen, calcullated as proteii .. ... 11.6 per cent.S3ugars, calctil-ated as iiialtose ... ... ... 65.5The high figure for niitrogen shows that the preparationi coii- talus about twice as muclh proteini as ordinary malt extract.
THE IMPACT OF MINOR MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Michael Zairis, Nikolaos Patsourakos, Anastassios Theodosis Georgilas, Pelagia Batika, Nikolaos Tsekes, Kyriakos Argyrakis, Evdokia Adamopoulou, Stelios Handanis, Markos Kouris, Kosmas Christodoulopoulos, Constantine Fakiolas, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Alternative medicine in allergies – prevalence, patterns of use, and costs
Authors: T. Schäfer, A. Riehle, H. –E. Wichmann, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: There is evidence that the use of alternative medicine (AM) for allergies has increased. However, little is known from population‐based studies about what determines its use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of use of AM for allergies. Methods: A population‐based nested case‐control study was conducted in 2000–01 using computer‐assisted telephone interviews. Three hundred and fifty‐one adults participated (median age 46 years) with allergies including hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and food hypersensitivity. Information was obtained on demographics, prevalence, motivation, information, type of AM, provider, costs, willingness to pay, and subjective assessment of AM. Results: 26.5% of participants used AM because of their allergies. Compared to nonusers, this group of users was significantly younger (median age 43 vs 47; p =0.004) and better educated (school education &gt; 8 year vs ≤ 8 year; odds ratio (OR) 2.17, 1.28–3.67) and was mostly motivated by the assumption of few side‐effects (78.3%), by a wish to try everything (71.7%), and by unsatisfying results from conventional therapy (66.3%). Users also had more experience with conventional therapy than nonusers (94.6% vs 63.6%; OR 10.10, 4.00–25.72). Four procedures accounted for almost the entire usage: homeopathy (35.3%), autologous blood injection (28.1%), acupuncture (16.6%), and bioresonance (10.0%). The AM were mostly promoted (40.2%) and provided (60.9%) by medical doctors, and produced median costs for single and entire treatment of 4 € (15–205) and 205 € (15–1278)e. Reimbursement from insurance companies was received by 52.3%, in full (37.8%) or partial (14.5%). Most subjects (55.4%) admitted that they would pay more (median 153e) for the achieved result. Users scored the efficacy of conventional therapy significantly lower ( p &lt;0.001) than nonusers, and assessed the results of AM as very good (28.6%) or rather good (53.8%). Conclusions: AM is used widely for allergies by the general population and is associated with considerable costs. This has implications for the health care system and health policy.
Predominance of HIV-1 serotype distinct from LAV-1/HTLV-IIIB
Authors: Gabriël Zwart, JeanJacques De Jong, Tom Wolfs, LiaVan Der Hoek, Lia Smit, Anthony De Ronde, Matthijs Tersmette, Peter Nara, Jaap Goudsmit
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Quarter of hospitals not ready to comply with working time directive
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A substantial number of hospitals will be unable to comply with the European Working Time Directive in acute medicine when it becomes law in August this year, says a survey published this week by the Royal College of Physicians.

The survey of senior physicians at acute hospitals in England and Wales found that 23% will probably or definitely not be able to comply with the forthcoming directive, which rules that junior doctors must not work more than 56 hours a week. In addition, doctors are not to work more than 13 hours in any 24 hour period and are to take an 11 hour break before and after such a shift. Compliance would require virtually all junior doctors, including …
COMBINED INTRA-UTERINE AND EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY; OPERATION AND RECOVERY.
Authors: G. J. HAGENS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A perusal of the literature and the failure to find the coincidence of intra-uterine and extra-uterine pregnancy mentioned in a number of the latest text-books would indicate that this form of gestation is certainly infrequent. B. B. Browne<sup>1</sup>gives a report of the published cases, 23 in number, dating from 1708 to 1880, and adds a case operated on by H. P. C. Wilson of Baltimore. Straus<sup>2</sup>states that no fewer than 32 instances of tubai pregnancy coexisting with intra-uterine gestation appear in literature. In Straus' table the maternal mortality amounts to 14 in the 32, but 10 of the 14 were in cases dating from 1820 to as far off as 1879. In 13 cases both extra- and intra-uterine pregnancies continued to term; in 4 both fetuses were living, and out of these 4 only 2 were cases in which both fetuses were delivered alive, the one normally, the
An RNAi-Based Approach Identifies Molecules Required for Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synapse Development
Authors: Suzanne Paradis, Dana B. Harrar, Yingxi Lin, Alex C. Koon, Jessica L. Hauser, Eric C. Griffith, Li Zhu, Lawrence F. Brass, Chinfei Chen, Michael E. Greenberg
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Biology of Progressive, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Directed Therapies Targeting the Androgen-Receptor Signaling Axis
Authors: Howard I. Scher, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Prostate cancers that are progressing on medical and surgical therapies designed to ablate the action of androgens continue to express androgen receptor (AR) and to depend on signaling through the receptor for growth. A more clinically relevant classification of castration-resistant disease focuses on the mechanisms of receptor activation, which include (1) changes in the level of ligand(s) in tumor tissue; (2) increased levels of the protein due to gene amplification or altered mRNA expression; (3) activating mutations in the receptor that affect structure and function; (4) changes in coregulatory molecules including coactivators and corepressors; and (5) factors that lead to activation of the receptor independent of the level of ligand or receptor allowing kinase cross talk. From an AR perspective, the term "hormone refractory" is inappropriate. On the basis of this schema, we discuss strategies that are focused on the AR either directly or indirectly, as single agents or in combination, that are in clinical development.
Polymer degradation and in vitro release of a model protein from poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nano- and microparticles
Authors: Jayanth Panyam, Manisha M. Dali, Sanjeeb K. Sahoo, Wenxue Ma, Sudhir S. Chakravarthi, Gordon L. Amidon, Robert J. Levy, Vinod Labhasetwar
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
Book Review Endocrine Imaging Edited by Martin P. Sandier, James A. Patton, Milton D. Gross, Brahm Shapiro, and Theo H.M. Falke. 461 pp., illustrated. Norwalk, Conn., Appleton and Lange, 1992. $115. ISBN 0–8385–2206–8 .
Authors: Zsolt Szabo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
The Very Immediate Future
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am so weary of incessant scientific reference to "the immediate future," a nonexistent item in my calendar. Your recent squib on the correct application of "very" inspires me to discuss the truly immediate future. If truly immediate, then there must be no middle element separating the present from the future. The genuinely "immediate" future is inseparable from the present. Shake speare somewhere exclaims that the past is prologue to the future. The present, which is identical with the immediate future, is prologue to unreality, or, the past is prologue to the immediate present. At a given moment the future is statistically a reasonable anticipation, which never quite comes into being. The immediate future is an impossibility, and therefore nonsense.
Differentiation between mitral stenosis and coexisting PPH
Authors: T. O CHENG;
Journal: Thorax (2000)

I read with great interest the case report by Langleben et al 1 of a woman with coexisting mitral stenosis and primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) or plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy who succumbed to operation for relief of her mitral stenosis. The failure of the patient's pulmonary hypertension to decrease postoperatively led to her fatal outcome because the coexisting primary pulmonary hypertension was not recognised preoperatively.

I would like to call attention to the fact that the diagnosis should have been suspected preoperatively because her pulmonary artery wedge pressure was only modestly raised (16 mm Hg; normal = 12) and her pulmonary vascular resistance was extremely high (1823 dynes s cm–5; normal = 67 (30)). In the presence of severe mitral stenosis the pulmonary …
Adenocarcinoma in an Indiana Pouch on PET-CT
Authors: Linh Ho, Robert Henderson, Hossein Jadvar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We report the PET-CT appearance of adenocarcinoma in an Indiana pouch in a patient with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed 17 years ago. As a part of her treatment regimen, an Indiana pouch was constructed. The patient was recently found to have a mass in the diversion pouch after presenting with hematuria, and subsequent biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE STOMACH
Authors: B. G. A. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1909)

K DEBATE upon the early diagnosis and-i the treatment of cancer of the"stomath is most necessary, for the disease claims approximately 1,500 victims every year in England:; it is seldom -that we are enabled to do much to relieve th6se-who suffbe frcm it, and the cases that we have cured are to-few as to be almost negligible.It is only by the close association of the physician and the surgeon, and by their united endeavours, that any hope of improvement in this lamentable -s'tate of affaars can be entertained.The onions whicibhI am about to express will probably not met with the-approval of all, may perhaps encounter the stiong oppbsition of some, but they are views which I have beeiibrought by de ees to hold firmly, and I am here to speak;of the faith that is in me.Anamnes8i.
A New Form of Removable Patten for Surgical or General Use
Authors: R. Davy
Journal: BMJ (1877)

still very restless, with little abatement of the more prominent symp- toms, except in the right arm, which could be moved more freely.The systolic murmur was unchanged, without dulness on percussion.Temperature, ioi deg.; pulse, nI6.He had great thirst and profuse perspiration.He was ordered to continue the salicin, and to have potash-water ad libitum.February 15th.He slept better last night.The pains in the joints were somewhat relieved, but were still very painful on motion, without any sensible difference in the swelling of the knee and ankle-joints.He could move the arms, which he was able to take from underneath the bed-clothes without assistance.The pain at the nape of the neck was still severe, but that in the heart had disappeared, though the systolic murmur was still audible.Temperature, IOO deg.; pulse, 112.The treatment was as before, omitting the poultices to the chest.
Reply to Alchiede Simonato and Marco Ennas’ Letter to the Editor re: Ben J. Challacombe, Bernard H. Bochner, Prokar Dasgupta, et al. The Role of Laparoscopic and Robotic Cystectomy in the Management of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Special Emphasis on Cancer Control and Complications. Eur Urol 2011;60:767–75
Authors: Ben Challacombe, Prokar Dasgupta
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Role of venous sampling in locating a phaeochromocytoma.
Authors: D J Allison, M J Brown, D H Jones, J B Timmis
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Selective venous sampling was performed in 31 patients in whom the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma was suspected on clinical and biochemical grounds. Data from samples assayed for their adrenaline and noradrenaline content using a radioenzymatic technique were used to confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis. In 19 of the 31 patients a phaeochromocytoma was subsequently removed surgically, and the remaining 12 patients are now thought not to have tumours (mean follow up period: four years). Analysis of the assay data shows that selective venous sampling correctly identified the presence of a tumour in all 19 patients, and correctly excluded the diagnosis in 11 of the 12 remaining patients--an overall success rate of 97%. Success rates of 88% for arteriography and 84% for computed tomography were recorded, though these investigations were not performed in all patients. Ultrasound and intravenous urography were much less accurate. On the basis of this study a sequence of investigation is proposed for patients with a suspected phaeochromocytoma. Computed tomography occupies a central role in this sequence with venous sampling (and occasionally other techniques) being used only as complementary investigations when specific indications for their use exist.
Ocular Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Milton J. Freiwald
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The book provides insight into the significant differences among various anti-inflammatory agents. Investigators in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease have brought the subject up to date in a clear understandable manner, with a searching analysis, numerous statistics, and tables. The pathologic aspects of inflammation are carefully covered, but the curative effect, from a pharmacologic therapeutic point of view, is a different story. It indicates the never-ending search, biochemically and immunologically, for agents that have the maximum curative effect with the least or no toxicity. Much detail is given to the important differences, therapeutic benefits, and relations of the steroids as anti-inflammatory agents. The effectiveness of this group of therapeutic drugs depends on their ability to penetrate ocular cellular membranes. This varies with the different compounds, concentrations, chemical form, and the vehicle or wetting agent, as well as the route of administration (topical, subjunctival, orbital, intramuscular, or intravenous). Local
The Additive Clinical Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Defining the Recurrence of Disease in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Have Isolated Increased Antithyroglobulin Antibody Levels
Authors: Elgin Ozkan, Cigdem Soydal, Mine Araz, Gulseren Aras, Erkan Ibis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the additive clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in defining the recurrence of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who have isolated increased antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels with undetectable thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative 131I whole-body scintigraphy (wbs).Clinical follow-up data of 231 patients with DTC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT between June 2006 and March 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. There were a total of 48 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for isolated increased serum TgAb levels. When 17 patients who have lymphocytic thyroiditis were excluded, the remaining 31 patients [27 women and 4 men; mean (SD) age, 50.29 (15.2) y] were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were undetectable serum Tg and increased TgAb levels under the condition of thyroid-stimulating hormone greater than 30 IU/mL with negative 131I wbs and absence of pathologic findings in neck ultrasound and thoracic CT if performed. Findings from the 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with the clinical follow-up data and the results of histopathologic examinations.Results of 18F-FDG PET/CT were negative in 15 and positive in 16 patients. Sixteen FDG-positive sites (15 lymph nodes and 1 bone) were seen in 16 patients who had positive findings in 18F-FDG PET/CT. In the comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and clinical follow-up data and histopathologic examination results, 4, 12, 2, and 13 patients were false-positive, true-positive, false-negative and true-negative retrospectively. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, a 5.4 cutoff SUVmax value was calculated with 82% sensitivity and 81% specificity in distinguishing malignant and benign lesions. As a result, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of recurrent disease were calculated as 75%, 76%, 75%, 86%, and 80%, respectively.Isolated increased TgAb levels might be a predictor of the recurrent DTC and 18F-FDG PET/CT might be an additive imaging method in detecting the recurrent disease in patients with DTC who have increased TgAb levels with undetectable Tg levels and negative 131I wbs.
Genetic project calls for 100 000 volunteers from Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities in east London
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> A signal of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines first emerged in Israel in May 2021. Further cases have since been reported in multiple countries. The reporting rates of these events indicate that they are very rare given the high numbers of vaccinated persons. Males and younger vaccinees appear more frequently affected, more often following the second vaccine dose. As vaccine programmes progress with the focus shifting to younger people, it is possible that more cases of myocarditis and pericarditis will be reported. <h3>Objectives</h3> To bring together spontaneously reported data from around the world to estimate the reporting rate in different countries and better understand the risk factors for myocarditis and pericarditis following exposure to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. <h3>Methods</h3> Spontaneous reports from the United Kingdom, United States, and European Economic Area were used to estimate the frequency of myocarditis and pericarditis reported following COVID-19 Vaccine Pfizer/BioNTech and COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna. Cases were stratified by age, sex, and vaccine dose where data were available. Reporting rates amongst vaccinees receiving mRNA vaccines in each region were estimated. <h3>Results</h3> A small number of reports of myocarditis and pericarditis had been submitted to each database examined. These events are very rare according to reporting rates of spontaneous adverse reactions. The events were more frequently reported amongst males, and most reports came from vaccinees aged under 30 years. The typical clinical course of these events is mild, with full recovery in most cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study provides evidence that younger vaccinees more frequently report myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines compared with older vaccinees. These very rare events with mild clinical course followed by full recovery in most cases were more frequent following the second dose. Reporting rates of myocarditis and pericarditis were consistent between the data sources. <h3>What is already known on this topic?</h3> A signal of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines first emerged in May 2021. A small number of myocarditis and pericarditis events have been reported to spontaneous reporting systems of the United Kingdom, United States, and European Union/European Economic Area. Males and younger vaccinees appear more frequently affected, more often following the second vaccine dose. These events are typically mild, with full recovery in most cases. <h3>What this study adds</h3> This study brings together spontaneously reported data from multiple regions to provide evidence that younger vaccinees more frequently report myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines compared with older vaccinees. Reporting rates of myocarditis and pericarditis suggest the events are very rare.
Intravenous immunoglobulin contains specific antibodies inhibitory to activation of T cells by staphylococcal toxin superantigens [see comment]
Authors: S Takei, Y K Arora, S M Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Superantigens are products of bacteria with dual affinity for HLA-DR and the variable region of the ft chain of the T cell receptor, leading to the stimulation of large numbers of T cells.Because there is evidence for the involvement of superantigens in various disease conditions in which intravenous IgG (IVIgG) is used as therapy, the purpose of the present study was to determine if IVIgG contains antibodies inhibitory to T cell stim- ulation by the superantigens.ELISA and Western assays re- vealed high concentrations of antibodies in the pooled IgG against eight different staphylococcal toxin (Staph-toxin) su- perantigens.The IVIgG inhibited in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood T cells by the Staph-toxins, but did not inhibit responses elicited by phytohemagglutinin or anti-CD3.Inhibi- tion was mediated by Staph-toxin-specific antibodies as shown by affinity adsorption depletion studies.The antibodies func- tioned by inhibiting the binding and/or presentation of Staph- toxins by DR' accessory cells.In conclusion, this report is the first to show that normal pooled IgG contains antibodies against a major group of the superantigens, the Staph-toxins, and that the antibodies can inhibit Staph-toxin-elicited T cell activation, suggesting a possible immunoregulatory role for the antibodies in vivo.(