tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SYNOPSIS OF THE SANITARY CENSUS OF MANILA.
Authors: HARRY L. GILCHRIST
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Early in January, 1901, the President of the Board of Health of Manila, under the authority of the Provost Marshal General, ordered the sanitary census of the city to be taken and a report of the same to be made. The undertaking was difficult in the extreme. Obstacles peculiar to Oriental cities were met on every side. The work, however, was essential for the better government and sanitation of the city. Manila had now been in the possession of the United States a little over two years. At the time of our entrance the city was in the usual filthy state characteristic of most Spanish cities, and was also in the midst of an epidemic of smallpox, which was everywhere apparent. One of the first orders issued by the Commanding General was the establishment of a Health Board, and the suppression of the smallpox epidemic was the first thing that
Blocking the EP3 receptor for PGE2 with DG-041 decreases thrombosis without impairing haemostatic competence
Authors: Peggy Tilly, Anne-Laure Charles, Sophie Ludwig, Farid Slimani, Sabrina Gross, Olivier Meilhac, Bernard Geny, Kari Stefansson, Mark E. Gurney, Jean-Etienne Fabre
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsHaemostasis interrupts bleeding from disrupted blood vessels by activating platelet aggregation and coagulation. A similar mechanism termed thrombosis generates obstructive thrombi inside diseased arteries. As a consequence of this similarity, current anti-thrombotic agents increase the risk of bleeding. Atherosclerotic plaques produce significant amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which activates its receptor EP3 on platelets and aggravates atherothrombosis. We investigated whether blocking EP3 could dissociate atherothrombosis from haemostasis.
A randomized clinical trial of photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate vs. diclofenac 3% plus hyaluronic acid gel for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp
Authors: C. Zane, E. Facchinetti, M.T. Rossi, C. Specchia, P.G. Calzavara-Pinton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

A gel containing diclofenac and hyaluronic acid (DHA) and photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL-PDT) are widely used treatments for actinic keratoses (AKs).The aim of this single-centre, open-label, prospective, nonsponsored, randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the treatment results and cost-effectiveness of MAL-PDT and DHA.Patients with multiple AKs of the face and scalp were randomized to receive MAL-PDT or DHA. After 90 days, the overall complete remission (CR) rate of patients and the CR rate of lesions according to thickness score were assessed, and patients and an investigator scored the cosmetic outcome. In addition, patients scored their overall satisfaction with the treatment. Patients with CR of all lesions were followed up for 12 months.Two hundred patients with a total of 1674 AKs were enrolled. The lesion CR rates at 3 months were 85·9% with MAL-PDT and 51·8% with DHA (P < 0·0001). AKs of all thicknesses were significantly more responsive to MAL-PDT. The patient CR rates at 3 months were 68% with MAL-PDT and 27% with DHA. At the 12-month examination, the number of patients with CR reduced to 37 with MAL-PDT and seven with DHA. Rating of cosmetic outcome was very good or excellent in the vast majority of patients with both treatments. The analysis of cost-effectiveness showed that the costs per patient with CR at 3 months and at 12 months are €566·7 and €1026·2, respectively, with MAL-PDT and €595·2 and €2295·6, respectively, with DHA.Efficacy, cosmetic outcome and patients' overall satisfaction with MAL-PDT are superior in comparison with DHA. MAL-PDT is more expensive but it is more cost-effective.
Detecting Early Esophageal Cancers, with Special Reference to the Intraepithelial Stage
Authors: M. Nishizawa, T. Okada, T. Hosoi, T. Makino
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Early-stage esophageal cancers, particularly intraepithelial cancers, are extremely difficult to detect because patients have no particular complaints and x-ray is so often useless. Only panendoscopic examination has proved highly effective in discerning lesions. Lugol-combined panendoscopic examination is not only feasible, but also effective in spotting the presence and spread of lesions.
Experimental study of the effect of a series of phosphoroorganic pesticides (Dipterex and Imidan) on embryogenesis.
Authors: L V Martson, V M Voronina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Experiments conducted on pregnant Wistar rats show that chlorophos (Dipterex) has embroyotoxic and teratogenic effects after oral introduction in a 80 mg/kg dose during a critical period of embryogenesis. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects are absent during the introduction of 8 mg/kg of the pesticide. The oral introduction of phthalophos (Imidan) in a 30 mg/kg dose once on day 9 of pregnancy and the introduction of a 1.5 mg/kg dose daily throughout the course of pregnancy caused increased postimplantation mortality of embryos. A dose of 30 mg/kg of phthalophos on day 9 or day 13 of pregnancy causes developmental abnormalities, including hyponathia and hydrocephaly. A 0.06 mg/kg phthalophos dose does not affect the course of embryogenesis in white rats. Thus the organophosphate pesticides Dipterex and Imidan exhibit embryotoxic and teratogenic effects at doses which significantly exceed the acutal amounts of the pesticide that can enter the human organism.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: JAMES C. ALLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Minocycline has proved to have a wider spectrum of activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and has enhanced tissue penetration when compared with its tetracycline congeners. The latter, and possibly the former, can be related to its increased lipophilicity in the physiologic pH range. It appears to be a superior chemoprophylactic agent against sulfonamide-resistant meningococci that do not become minocycline resistant as a result of treatment. The clinical promise of this agent has been dimmed, however, by recent reports of vestibular toxicity manifest in ambulatory patients. Though data on the frequency and severity of these symptoms are in some conflict, minocycline cannot currently be recommended for general clinical use.
Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters versus clinically indicated replacement: randomised controlled trial
Authors: J. Webster, S. Clarke, D. Paterson, A. Hutton, S. v. Dyk, C. Gale, T. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To compare routine replacement of intravenous peripheral catheters with replacement only when clinically indicated. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Tertiary hospital in Australia. <b>Participants</b> 755 medical and surgical patients: 379 allocated to catheter replacement only when clinically indicated and 376 allocated to routine care of catheter (control group). <b>Main outcome measure</b> A composite measure of catheter failure resulting from phlebitis or infiltration. <b>Results</b> Catheters were removed because of phlebitis or infiltration from 123 of 376 (33%) patients in the control group compared with 143 of 379 (38%) patients in the intervention group; the difference was not significant (relative risk 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.40). When the analysis was based on failure per 1000 device days (number of failures divided by number of days catheterised, divided by 1000), no difference could be detected between the groups (relative risk 0.98, 0.78 to 1.24). Infusion related costs were higher in the control group (mean $A41.02; £19.71; €24.80; $38.55) than intervention group ($A36.40). The rate of phlebitis in both groups was low (4% in intervention group, 3% in control group). <b>Conclusion</b> Replacing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated has no effect on the incidence of failure, based on a composite measure of phlebitis or infiltration. Larger trials are needed to test this finding using phlebitis alone as a more clinically meaningful outcome. <b>Registration number</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12605000147684.
In pediatric patients, age has more impact on dosing of vitamin K antagonists than VKORC1 or CYP2C9 genotypes
Authors: Ulrike Nowak-Göttl, Kevin Dietrich, Daria Schaffranek, Noha Sharaf Eldin, Yutaka Yasui, Christof Geisen, Lesley G. Mitchell
Journal: Blood (2010)
Defective expression of T cell-associated glycoprotein in severe combined immunodeficiency.
Authors: L K Jung, S M Fu, T Hara, N Kapoor, R A Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A T cell surface membrane-associated glycoprotein, Tp40 (40,000 mol wt), also designated as CD-7, was not expressed by the T cells of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency. In addition to this abnormality, T cell proliferative responses to mitogens were defective and the IL-2 receptor expression was deficient on the patient's T lymphocytes. However, his T cells were found to provide help for the differentiation of normal B cells to Ig-secreting cells. Abundant circulating B cells were detected. These B cells proliferated normally in the presence of anti-mu antibodies and B cell growth factors, but did not differentiate into antibody-secreting cells when provided with the help of normal T cells. In addition, his activated B cells did not proliferate to IL-2 even though IL-2 receptors were expressed. A successful allogeneic histocompatible bone marrow transplantation resulting in T cell engraftment corrected both the T and B cell immunodeficiencies. These findings support the hypothesis that the Tp40 deficiency present in this patient is related to a defect of the T cell precursors, and that Tp40 plays important roles not only essential to T cell interactions but also to certain aspects of T-B cell interaction during the early lymphoid development.
Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus in Post-Transfusion Hepatitis
Authors: Federico Tremolada, Carla Casarin, Alessandro Tagger, Maria Luisa Ribero, Giuseppe Realdi, Alfredo Alberti, Arturo Ruol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), their relation to outcome, and the seroconversion rate in patients with post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected serum specimens. Setting: A referral-based university hospital. Patients: Sixty-three consecutive patients who developed non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis after open-heart surgery. All patients had follow-up with serial serum testing and clinical evaluation. The mean (± SD) duration of follow-up after hepatitis onset was 81 ±33 months (range, 13 to 132 months). Seventeen patients recovered after acute-phase illness, whereas 46 developed chronic disease which, in 30 cases, was confirmed histologically. Main Results: Of 32 patients tested before transfusion, 1 (3.1%) had anti-HCV. Fifty-nine (93%) patients were anti-HCV positive during acute-phase hepatitis: Patients with "early" seroconversion (< 15 days after hepatitis onset) did not differ from those with "late" seroconversion (> 60 days after onset) in epidemiologic, clinical, and biochemical features. The rate of anti-HCV positivity during acute-phase illness was not significantly different among patients who recovered (76%) compared with those who developed chronic disease (95%). At 6 to 12 months, patients whose disease resolved had lower antibody activity than those with progressive disease. Further, during long-term follow-up (1 to 9 years), 53% of patients whose disease resolved but only 6.9% of patients who had progressive disease became anti-HCV negative. Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis in Italy. The time to anti-HCV seroconversion varies widely after hepatitis onset and is not significantly associated with acute-phase features or outcome of disease.
Improvement in regional wall motion and left ventricular relaxation after administration of diltiazem in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: H Dash, G L Copenhaver, S Ensminger
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To assess the effect of diltiazem on left ventricular systolic regional wall motion and diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 22 patients underwent biplane left ventricular cineangiography before and after intravenous diltiazem (plasma concentration 154 +/- 12 ng/ml). Left ventricular and right ventricular pressures were measured by micromanometer-tipped catheters. Regional wall motion was assessed quantitatively with an area ejection fraction technique. Diltiazem decreased mean arterial pressure 11.5% (p less than .0001) and heart rate 6.8% (p less than .005); it increased cardiac index 8.8% (p less than .025) and global ejection fraction 9.1% (p less than .0001). However, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased 14.2% (p less than .001) and the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume (P-V) ratio decreased 8.8% (p less than .02). Diltiazem decreased the time constant of left ventricular relaxation by 14.3% (p less than .002), despite lack of change in the left ventricular diastolic P-V relationship, in 16 patients. Diltiazem caused a significant increase in area ejection fraction in 53% of hypokinetic areas supplied by diseased arteries compared with 13% of normokinetic areas supplied by diseased arteries (p less than .0001). Response of ejection fraction to diltiazem in areas supplied by normal coronary arteries was less (p less than .05) than that in hypokinetic areas supplied by arteries affected by disease. In conclusion, diltiazem improves regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with CAD and the improvement is associated with better left ventricular relaxation but not with a change in the diastolic P-V relationship. Global indexes of left ventricular systolic performance are favorably influenced by diltiazem, despite a mild negative inotropic effect.
Hyperoxaluria and recurrent stone formation apparently cured by short courses of pyridoxine.
Authors: A R Harrison, G P Kasidas, G A Rose
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The rising incidence of urolithiasis in this and other developed countries is largely due to calcium oxalate stone formation which now accounts for the majority of stones analysed in the hospital laboratory (1). While hypercalciuria is certainly an important factor (2) it is increasingly being recognised that elevated urinary oxalate is even more significant in this respect than elevated urinary calcium (3). Thus the calcium oxalate urolithiasis of Crohn’s disease may be accompanied by low urinary calcium and raised urinary oxalate (4). It is therefore important to recognise hyperoxaluria when it occurs and to find ways of preventing it. In this paper we describe two patients with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis who showed hyperoxaluria of metabolic cause which disappeared on treatment with short courses of pyridoxine, not to recur. This may be a new syndrome.
Endothelial and hepatic lipase gene polymorphisms are associated with plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in lipoprotein coronary atherosclerosis study
Authors: Mehmet Cilingiroglu, Silvia Lutucuta, Suet Nee Chen, Antonio M. Gotto, Christie M. Ballantyne, Ali J. Marian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Isolation of Hybrid Cells That Exhibit Markers of Erythroid Differentiation
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Albert Deisseroth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

It has long been known that multinucleated cells are associated with certain diseases in man, and in 1960, Barski and his colleagues succeeded in generating multinucleated cells in vitro.1 Subsequently, Harris2 and Ephrussi3 developed technics to fuse human and mouse cells into hybrid cells that would grow in pure culture and retain features of both parent species. In our laboratory at the National Institutes of Health, we became interested in the development of hybrid cells in which human molecular diseases, such as sickle-cell anemia and beta thalassemia, could be investigated. These diseases have been difficult to study because of a . . .
Tremelimumab in Combination with Exemestane in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Treatment-Associated Modulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression on Patient T Cells
Authors: Robert H. Vonderheide, Patricia M. LoRusso, Magi Khalil, Elaina M. Gartner, Divis Khaira, Denis Soulieres, Prudence Dorazio, Jennifer A. Trosko, Jens Rüter, Gabriella L. Mariani, Tiziana Usari, Susan M. Domchek
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) with single-agent activity in certain tumors but has not been evaluated in patients with breast cancer.In a phase 1 study, 26 patients with advanced, hormone-responsive breast cancer received tremelimumab (3-10 mg/kg) every 28 days or every 90 days plus exemestane 25 mg daily. The objectives were to determine safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tremelimumab with exemestane and, secondarily, to assess tumor response, pharmacokinetics, and immune pharmacodynamics.Most treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate with the most common being diarrhea (46% of patients), pruritus (42%), constipation (23%), and fatigue (23%). Dose-limiting toxicities were transient serum transaminase elevations (one patient) and diarrhea (four patients). The MTD of tremelimumab with exemestane was 6 mg/kg every 90 days. Among 13 patients treated at the MTD, none developed grade 3 or 4 treatment-related diarrhea. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between tremelimumab and exemestane. The best overall response was stable disease for >or=12 weeks in 11 patients (42%). Treatment was associated in most patients with increased peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing inducible costimulator (ICOS) and a marked increase in the ratio of ICOS+ T cells to FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.Tremelimumab plus exemestane is tolerable in patients with hormone-responsive advanced breast cancer. Treatment is associated with increased ICOS+ T cells, which likely signals immune activation secondary to CTL-associated antigen 4 blockade.
Structure-function analysis of USP1: insights into the role of Ser313 phosphorylation site and the effect of cancer-associated mutations on autocleavage
Authors: Anne Olazabal-Herrero, Iraia García-Santisteban, Jose Antonio Rodríguez
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

In complex with its cofactor UAF1, the USP1 deubiquitinase plays an important role in cellular processes related to cancer, including the response to DNA damage. The USP1/UAF1 complex is emerging as a novel target in cancer therapy, but several aspects of its function and regulation remain to be further clarified. These include the role of the serine 313 phosphorylation site, the relative contribution of different USP1 sequence motifs to UAF1 binding, and the potential effect of cancer-associated mutations on USP1 regulation by autocleavage.
Abstract LB-84: The role of survivin and survivin variants in the mitotic arrest-induced cell death
Authors: Rodrigo E. Cáceres, Marco A. Andonegui, Alejandro Lopez Saavedra, Luis A. Herrera
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Eukaryotic cells rely on a mitotic checkpoint in order to preserve their proper ploidy. This mechanism stops mitosis progression before anaphase until each kinetochore is adequately bound to mitotic microtubules, and tension is generated which splits up chromatids towards opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. The resulting paused state of the cell cycle is known as mitotic arrest, and has been long known to induce cell death. However, the mechanisms driving mitotic arrest-mediated cell death have not yet been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that an anti-apoptotic/pro-apoptotic protein interplay might define the mitotic arrest outcome. We are interested in defining the role of survivin and its splicing variants, survivin Δex3 and survivin 2b, in the mitotic arrest-induced cell death. Survivin is a multifaceted member of the IAP family of proteins with functions in the chromosome passenger complex that has been shown to be over expressed in nearly every human tumor type. Noteworthy, Survivin Δex3 retains IAP activity but Survivin 2b has been shown to act as a pro-apoptotic factor. In this study, we defined the mitotic index (MI) of HCT116 cells in response to different concentrations of taxol and vinblastine. The results show that vinblastine induces a wide MI oscillation in contrast to taxol, which produces a homogeneous behavior in the cell population. This difference in population behavior might be explained by the different mechanisms of action of taxol and vinblastine. From the maximum taxol-induced MI point on, the percentage of sub-2n cells increased at the expense of mitotic cells, as assessed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that, in our model, cells die by exposure to taxol in a mitotic arrest-dependent manner. We also determined, by RT-PCR, that survivin variants are endogenously expressed in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, in immunoblot experiments, we found that survivin protein level decreases throughout taxol treatment in contrast to Bub1 levels, a member of the spindle assembly checkpoint. These results suggest that the decreased survivin level might be related to mitotic arrest-dependent cell death. The analysis of the intracellular localization of survivin variants throughout the mitotic arrest showed that survivin is localized in mitotic chromosomes throughout mitosis (before anaphase) independently of the time of treatment with taxol and vinblastine. Noteworthy, we also found that survivin Δex3 localized to the cytosol, and its level decreases throughout mitosis while survivin 2b protein was diffusely localized in the cytosol and mitotic chromosomes, and its level and localization remained unchanged. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-84. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-84
Hospital withdraws letter to GPs saying how patients can jump queues
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An NHS hospital has been forced to withdraw a controversial queue jumping service for patients willing to pay thousands of pounds to avoid lengthy waits for orthopaedic surgery. 

A leaked letter from the Northampton General Hospital sent to local GPs on 8 January said that a cash shortfall meant that no more ordinary hip, knee, or cataract procedures would be possible in the current financial year. 

It added, however, that patients could have immediate access if they were willing and able to pay up to £6260 (€9500; $13 300) for their operations. 

The letter, written by the hospital's …