tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teaching Cosmetic Dermatology Without Sacrificing the Proper Emphasis on Medical Dermatology
Authors: Murad Alam
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Has payment by results affected the way that English hospitals provide care? Difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: S. Farrar, D. Yi, M. Sutton, M. Chalkley, J. Sussex, A. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether the introduction of payment by results (a fixed tariff case mix based payment system) was associated with changes in key outcome variables measuring volume, cost, and quality of care between 2003/4 and 2005/6. <b>Setting</b> Acute care hospitals in England. <b>Design</b> Difference-in-differences analysis (using a control group created from trusts in England and providers in Scotland not implementing payment by results in the relevant years); retrospective analysis of patient level secondary data with fixed effects models. <b>Data sources</b> English hospital episode statistics and Scottish morbidity records for 2002/3 to 2005/6. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Changes in length of stay and proportion of day case admissions as a proxy for unit cost; growth in number of spells to measure increases in output; and changes in in-hospital mortality, 30 day post-surgical mortality, and emergency readmission after treatment for hip fracture as measures of impact on quality of care. <b>Results</b> Length of stay fell more quickly and the proportion of day cases increased more quickly where payment by results was implemented, suggesting a reduction in the unit costs of care associated with payment by results. Some evidence of an association between the introduction of payment by results and growth in acute hospital activity was found. Little measurable change occurred in the quality of care indicators used in this study that can be attributed to the introduction of payment by results. <b>Conclusion</b> Reductions in unit costs may have been achieved without detrimental impact on the quality of care, at least in as far as these are measured by the proxy variables used in this study.
Models for the study of Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Emma L. Best, Jane Freeman, Mark H. Wilcox
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Models of Clostridium difficile infection (C. difficile) have been used extensively for Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) research. The hamster model of C. difficile infection has been most extensively employed for the study of C. difficile and this has been used in many different areas of research, including the induction of C. difficile, the testing of new treatments, population dynamics and characterization of virulence. Investigations using in vitro models for C. difficile introduced the concept of colonization resistance, evaluated the role of antibiotics in C. difficile development, explored population dynamics and have been useful in the evaluation of C. difficile treatments. Experiments using models have major advantages over clinical studies and have been indispensible in furthering C. difficile research. It is important for future study programs to carefully consider the approach to use and therefore be better placed to inform the design and interpretation of clinical studies.
Ecological aspects of mercury--selenium interactions in the marine environment.
Authors: K Beijer, A Jernelöv
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In the marine environment, mercury is accompanied by selenium in all investigated species of mammals, birds, and fish--possibly due to a normal homeostatic regulation. It therefore seems likely that selenium will exert its protective action against mercury toxicity in the marine environment, decreasing its detrimental effects on reproduction, behavior, growth, etc. of the organisms and thus protect the population and ecosystem. On the other hand, the increased retention of mercury caused by selenium may lead to a higher level of biomagnification in the food chain and a higher burden in the individual. This might counteract the positive effect of decreased intoxication.
Resuscitation-promoting Factors Reveal an Occult Population of Tubercle Bacilli in Sputum
Authors: Galina V. Mukamolova, Obolbek Turapov, Joanne Malkin, Gerrit Woltmann, Michael R. Barer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) are a family of secreted proteins produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that stimulate mycobacterial growth. Although mouse infection studies show that they support bacterial survival and disease reactivation, it is currently unknown whether Rpfs influence human infection. We hypothesized that tuberculous sputum might include a population of Rpf-dependent Mtb cells.To determine whether Rpf-dependent Mtb cells are present in human sputum and explore the impact of chemotherapy on this population.In tuberculous sputum samples we compared the number of cells detected by conventional agar colony-forming assay with that determined by limiting dilution, most-probable number assay in the presence or absence of Rpf preparations.In 20 of 25 prechemotherapy samples from separate patients, 80-99.99% of the cells demonstrated by cultivation could be detected only with Rpf stimulation. Mtb cells with this phenotype were not generated on specimen storage or by inoculating sputum samples with a selection of clinical isolates; moreover, Rpf dependency was lost after primary isolation. During chemotherapy, the proportion of Rpf-dependent cells was found to increase relative to the surviving colony-forming population.Smear-positive sputum samples are dominated by a population of Mtb cells that can be grown only in the presence of Rpfs. These intriguing proteins are therefore relevant to human infection. The Rpf-dependent population is invisible to conventional culture and is progressively enhanced in relative terms during chemotherapy, indicating a form of phenotypic resistance that may be significant for both chemotherapy and transmission.
The Gallium-67 Citrate Bone Scan
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, JERRY J. SWANEY, MELVIN J. SPICER, CYNTHIA D. HENRY, GOTTLIEB L. TURNBULL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 17-year-old boy presented with pancytopenia. He was transfused with six units of packed red blood cells within one week of being imaged with Ga-67 citrate. Ga- 67 citrate scintigraphy demonstrated atypical distribution of the radiotracer with radiotracer activity being noted primarily within bone, kidneys, and bladder. Markedly diminished radiotracer activity was seen within the liver and no activity was seen within the bowel or spleen. The presumed mechanism for the altered Ga-67 distribution was a change in iron metabolism brought on by the blood transfusions.
Erythropoietin for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Alistair Nichol, Lorraine Little, Craig French
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genome Medicine in Cancer: What's in a Name?
Authors: Anne F. Schott, Charles M. Perou, Daniel F. Hayes
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

This is an exciting time to be in cancer medicine. New technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have increased our understanding of the molecular aberrations that define cancer. This, in turn, has led to the identification of cancer-specific molecular targets and potential drugs to confront these targets. As these new technologies move toward clinical application, a new vocabulary of "genome medicine" has been introduced to the field of oncology. Unfortunately, unclear or incorrect use of the new terminology has led to semantic misunderstandings that impair communication between the basic research and clinical practice arenas. These misunderstandings have led to assumptions regarding the clinical application of NGS and other technologies that may or may not be true. For example, some organizations that perform NGS testing on clinical samples have endorsed use of the results of such tests to direct specific therapies based on laboratory hypotheses, but without clinical testing of the hypotheses to show utility for these potential predictive claims. Here, we review some simple, and hopefully universally acceptable, definitions, concepts, and trial designs so that laboratory researchers and clinicians can move closer toward speaking the same language.
The none-too-cordial-host
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Denatured hemoglobin in sickle erythrocytes.
Authors: T Asakura, K Minakata, K Adachi, M O Russell, E Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

To study the nature of numerous inclusion bodies seen in red cells from patients with sickle cell disease (Hb SS), we have prepared red cell ghosts free of oxyhemoglobin and analyzed them by spectrophotometric and heme extraction methods. The absorption spectrum in the visible region of the ghost suspensions was typical of hemichromes. The spectrum was similar to that of denatured hemoglobin repared by treatment of oxyhemoglobin S with mechanical shaking or heat. Similar treatment of cells containing only normal hemoglobin (Hb AA) showed a very small amount of denatured hemoglobin, approximately one-fifth of the amount in Hb SS cells. The amount of denatured hemoglobin determined after solution of membrane with 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate was 0.158+/-0.070% (1 SD) of the total cellular heme in Hb SS patients. In controls, the amount was 0.030+/-0.016%. Persons with Hb AA and reticulocytosis did not have an elevated amount of membrane-associated heme. In patients with hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, denatured stromal hemoglobin was normal or slightly elevated before and after splenectomy. The increased amount of denatured hemoglobin in Hb SS red cells may be related to the instability of sickle oxyhemoglobin.
Endocrine Disruptors and the Thyroid Gland—A Combined <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Analysis of Potential New Biomarkers
Authors: Cornelia Schmutzler, Inka Gotthardt, Peter J. Hofmann, Branislav Radovic, Gabor Kovacs, Luise Stemmler, Inga Nobis, Anja Bacinski, Birgit Mentrup, Petra Ambrugger, Annette Grüters, Ludwik K. Malendowicz, Julie Christoffel, Hubertus Jarry, Dana Seidlovà-Wuttke, Wolfgang Wuttke, Josef Köhrle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

There is growing evidence that, in addition to the reproductive system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a target of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). However, this is not reflected adequately in current screening and assessment procedures for endocrine activity that to date determine only general parameters of thyroid function.We used several in vitro and ex vivo assays in an attempt to identify suitable biomarkers for antithyroid action testing a selected panel of putative EDCs.In vitro we detected stimulation or inhibition of iodide uptake into FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells, inhibition of thyroid hormone binding to transthyretin, agonistic or antagonistic effects in a thyroid hormone receptor-dependent reporter assay, and inhibition of thyroid peroxidase using a novel assay system based on human recombinant thyroperoxidase that might be suitable for routine screening for potential EDCs. In rats, chronic application of several EDCs led to changes in thyroid morphology, alterations of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone serum levels as well as alterations in peripheral thyroid hormone-regulated end points such as malic enzyme and type I 5'-deiodinase activity.As the effects of EDCs do not reflect classic mechanisms of hormone-dependent regulation and feedback, we believe multitarget and multimodal actions of EDCs affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. These complex effects require a diverse approach for screening, evaluation, and risk assessment of potential antithyroid compounds. This approach involves novel in vitro or cell-based screening assays in order to assess thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action as well as in vivo assays to measure thyroid hormone-regulated tissue-specific and developmental end points in animals.
Delivery of viral-vectored vaccines by B cells represents a novel strategy to accelerate CD8+ T-cell recall responses
Authors: Liang Zhang, Byram W. Bridle, Lan Chen, Jonathan Pol, David Spaner, Jeanette E. Boudreau, Allison Rosen, Jennifer D. Bassett, Brian D. Lichty, Jonathan L. Bramson, Yonghong Wan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Proton pump inhibitor‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: L.H. Sandholdt, R. Laurinaviciene, A. Bygum
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Drug‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) has been known in the literature since 1985 and is increasingly recognized. To identify and describe patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐induced SCLE. A retrospective medical chart review of patients diagnosed with lupus erythematosus at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre was carried out over a 19‐year period. A causality assessment to PPI was performed using the Naranjo probability scale. Twenty‐four patients with PPI‐induced SCLE were identified (21 women and three men). Nineteen patients were newly identified cases, with a mean age of 61 years. These patients had 24 episodes of PPI‐induced SCLE comprising lansoprazole (12), omeprazole (six), esomeprazole (four) and pantoprazole (two). Four patients had multiple episodes and three patients reacted to different PPIs. The incubation period was on average 8 months (range 1 week to 3·5 years) and the resolution period was on average 3 months (range 4 weeks to 8 months). Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 61% of tested patients, most frequently with a speckled pattern. Positive anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies were found in 73%, anti‐La/SSB antibodies in 33% and antihistone antibodies in 8% of tested patients at the time of the eruption. The skin rash was often widespread with a tendency to bullous lesions and focal skin necrosis. We present the largest case series of PPI‐induced SCLE reported to date, and our patient cohort reveals the lack of attention to this condition. The diagnosis may be suspected on the clinical picture, and most patients have anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies, while antihistone antibodies have no value in the diagnostic process. Cross‐reactivity can be seen between different PPIs.
THE SKULL AND ITS CONTENTS.
Authors: W. H. EARLES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

If the expression sometimes ascribed to Sir Astley Cooper, that "No injury of the head is too slight to be despised nor too severe to be despaired of," be true, I will need no apology for inviting attention to the subject, except perhaps for the weakness of its presentation. Injuries to the head should possess, for every practitioner, more than ordinary interest, as they entail more than ordinary responsibilities, and when we consider the many and varied conditions met with in this field of surgery, from the slight and apparently trivial scalp wound to the fracture of the base of the skull with its probable accompanying laceration of brain tissue and membranes, and possibly rupture of large blood-vessels, the range of thought necessary to comprehend and combat these conditions becomes apparent. In the contemplation of this class of injuries we may say, in a general way, that the practitioner must
CHANGES IN PULMONARY SYSTOLIC PRESSURES AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY RATHER THAN FUNCTIONAL CLASS, LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION OR DIMENSIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR HEART FAILURE EXACERBATION
Authors: Giselle Adriana Baquero, Pradeep Yadav, David Anwar, Javier E. Banchs, Erica Penny-Peterson, Soraya Samii, Deborah Wolbrette, Gerald Naccarelli, Mario D. Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Host miR155 Promotes Tumor Growth through a Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Siqi Chen, Long Wang, Jie Fan, Cong Ye, Donye Dominguez, Yi Zhang, Tyler J. Curiel, Deyu Fang, Timothy M. Kuzel, Bin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract miR155 is a regulator of immune cell development and function that is generally thought to be immunostimulatory. However, we report here that genetic ablation of miR155 renders mice resistant to chemical carcinogenesis and the growth of several transplanted tumors, suggesting that miR155 functions in immunosuppression and tumor promotion. Host miR155 deficiency promoted overall antitumor immunity despite the finding of defective responses of miR155-deficient dendritic cells and antitumor T cells. Further analysis of immune cell compartments revealed that miR155 regulated the accumulation of functional myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, miR155 mediated MDSC suppressor activity through at least two mechanisms, including SOCS1 repression and a reduced ability to license the generation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR155 expression was required for MDSC to facilitate tumor growth. Thus, our results revealed a contextual function for miR155 in antitumor immunity, with a role in MDSC support that appears to dominate in tumor-bearing hosts. Overall, the balance of these cellular effects appears to be a root determinant of whether miR155 promotes or inhibits tumor growth. Cancer Res; 75(3); 519–31. ©2014 AACR.
Two novel <i>TSC2</i> mutations in Chinese patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and a literature review of 20 patients reported in China
Authors: X.Y. Zhao, S. Yang, H.L. Zhou, Y.G. Zhu, L. Wei, W.H. Du, Y.Q. Ren, Y.H. Liang, Y.X. Hou, J.J. Chen, X.J. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: None declared. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC, OMIM 191100) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple hamartomas involving many organs, especially the brain, kidneys, heart and skin. Most patients with TSC mutations have been reported in America, Europe and Japan. Two genes (TSC1 and TSC2) responsible for this disease have been identified, and both of them are speculated to be a kind of tumour suppressor gene.1, 2 We report one multiple‐generation family and one sporadic case of TSC, each with a novel mutation of TSC2, and present a literature review of 20 patients of Chinese origin with TSC mutations reported since 1994. One three‐generation family (Fig. 1) and one sporadic case were identified through probands from Anhui province of China. In the TSC family, all affected individuals belonging to three consecutive generations had similar clinical manifestations as indicated in Table 1 and showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Detailed information of brain computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was not available from the proband. The sporadic case showed epilepsy, moderate mental retardation and facial angiofibromas. Brain CT and MRI revealed subependymal calcifications and cortical tubers. Lesional skin biopsy from the probands revealed the typical histopathological characteristics of TSC. Blood samples were obtained from all available family members and 100 unrelated population‐matched volunteers.