tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations between Health Effects and Particulate Matter and Black Carbon in Subjects with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Karen L. Jansen, Timothy V. Larson, Jane Q. Koenig, Therese F. Mar, Carrie Fields, Jim Stewart, Morton Lippmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)), spirometry, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood (SaO2), and pulse rate in 16 older subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Seattle, Washington. Data were collected daily for 12 days. We simultaneously collected PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 10 microm or < or = 2.5 microm, respectively) filter samples at a central outdoor site, as well as outside and inside the subjects' homes. Personal PM10 filter samples were also collected. All filters were analyzed for mass and light absorbance. We analyzed within-subject associations between health outcomes and air pollution metrics using a linear mixed-effects model with random intercept, controlling for age, ambient relative humidity, and ambient temperature. For the 7 subjects with asthma, a 10 microg/m3 increase in 24-hr average outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with a 5.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9-8.9] and 4.2 ppb (95% CI, 1.3-7.1) increase in FE(NO), respectively. A 1 microg/m3 increase in outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon (BC) was associated with increases in FE(NO) of 2.3 ppb (95% CI, 1.1-3.6), 4.0 ppb (95% CI, 2.0-5.9), and 1.2 ppb (95% CI, 0.2-2.2), respectively. No significant association was found between PM or BC measures and changes in spirometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, or SaO2 in these subjects. Results from this study indicate that FE(NO) may be a more sensitive marker of PM exposure than traditional health outcomes and that particle-associated BC is useful for examining associations between primary combustion constituents of PM and health outcomes.
MiR-223 downregulation promotes glomerular endothelial cell activation by upregulating importin α4 and α5 in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Hao Bao, Hao Chen, Xiaodong Zhu, Minchao Zhang, Genhong Yao, Yusheng Yu, Weisong Qin, Caihong Zeng, Ke Zen, Zhihong Liu
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
An Unexpected Result of Psychosis in Marriage
Authors: ROBERT L. DUPONT, ROBERT G. RYDER, HENRY U. GRUNEBAUM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

In the course of a marriage research project, 44 couples were studied in which one spouse had been diagnosed as psychotic. Dispelling the commonly held assumption that the marriages of psychotic individuals are always chaotic and unrewarding, many couples reported feelings of love and mutual understanding growing out of the psychotic experience and their attempts to deal with it. This unexpected finding has important treatment implications: it suggests that the nonpsychotic spouse should be actively engaged in the psychiatric treatment process and that the psychosis can be effectively dealt with as a marital crisis.
PWE-053 Eus-Fna and Pet-Ct in the Staging of Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in Malignant Disease
Authors: L A Smith, S Paterson, N Jamieson, S Ballantyne, A J Stanley
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> EUS+/- FNA is commonly used in the nodal staging of upper GI, lung and other malignancies, but the increasing availability of PET-CT has led to a reduction in its use in some centres. However the accuracy of PET-CT in staging mediastinal nodes in particular is unclear. Our aim was to analyse the concordance of PET-CT and EUS+FNA in the staging of mediastinal nodes in malignant disease in one tertiary referral centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Electronic reports for all patients attending for EUS between January 2009 and December 2012 were reviewed. Patients who had both mediastinal node sampling and a PET-CT were included for analysis. Using a positive EUS+FNA result as a definitive diagnosis of lymph node involvement, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of PET-CT in the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes were calculated. The final staging pathway and patient outcomes were also analysed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 77 nodes in 74 patients were sampled (51M, 23F; median age 66). The primary diagnosis was that of oesophageal cancer in 56 patients (38 adeno and 18 squamous); lung cancer in 11 patients; gastric cancer in 3 patients and other malignancies in 4 patients. The FNA cytology results were positive, negative and indeterminate in 32 (42%), 39 (51%) and 6 (8%) cases respectively. The cytological indeterminate nodes were excluded from further analysis. The sampled nodes were positive, negative and indeterminate on PET-CT in 49 (64%), 26 (34%) and 2 (3%) cases respectively. For all patients, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of PET-CT were 97%, 54%, 63%, 95% and 73% respectively. For the subgroup with oesophageal cancer the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 94%, 62%, 57%, 95% and 73%. EUS+FNA altered the cancer staging and changed the patient pathway in 14 patients (20%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PET-CT has a poor specificity and PPV for the diagnosis of malignant mediastinal lymph nodes, resulting in a high false positive rate and potential over staging. Therefore EUS-FNA remains an essential part of the staging process for these patients <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Modern Concepts of Gynecologic Oncology
Authors: Felix Rutledge
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Modern Concepts of Gynecologic Oncology</i>will no doubt rank well among the many new publications in the field. Its contents include solid basic information about the diseases involved and the skills required for the practice of this specialty. Drs van Nagell and Barber have edited a textbook that can be highly recommended to gynecologic oncologists, medical oncologists, gynecologic pathologists, and any others who have particular interest in malignant disease of the female genital tract. The format of the textbook follows conventional design, providing a framework of chapters that cover each organ site along with special chapters on critically ill patients, chemotherapy, infections, nutrition, and immunology. The strength of the book is derived from the extensive clinical experience of the editing authors. Dr Barber, who contributes more than half of the chapters, is a prolific author and contributor to scientific literature. His experience with publications produces a smoothly flowing and easily
ACQUIRED ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA WITH SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS AND ENDARTERITIS
Authors: G. Barrett Heckler
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Acquired arteriovenous fistulas resulting from stab and gunshot wounds, with coexistent subacute septicemia due to Streptococcus viridans are not common. Hamman and Rienhoff<sup>1</sup>and Touroff and co-workers<sup>2</sup>described the first two patients cured of the septicemia following excision of the infected arteriovenous fistula. Four similar cases with cures following surgery have since been reported.<sup>3</sup> Bretschneider,<sup>4</sup>Walz,<sup>5</sup>Gravier,<sup>6</sup>Leaman,<sup>7</sup>Porter and Williams,<sup>8</sup>and Cutler and Wolf,<sup>9</sup>reported cases in which the infection did not remain localized to the fistula and in which there was associated subacute bacterial endocarditis. The futility of excising the fistula in such cases has been recognized; however, the use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents offers a possible cure that previously did not exist. Unfortunately, in the report that follows, the patient died, despite penicillin therapy and surgical excision of the fistula. To our knowledge, this is the first
TCT-6 Prevalence and Impact of High Platelet Reactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the ADAPT-DES Registry
Authors: Usman Baber, Roxana Mehran, Ajay J. Kirtane, Paul A. Gurbel, Georgios Christodoulidis, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giora Weisz, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Ke Xu, Helen Parise, Bruce R. Brodie, Thomas Stuckey, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Doctors refuse space to group fighting drug company influence
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Digital mammography was significantly better than conventional film mammography at detecting breast cancer in young women, premenopausal and perimenopausal women, and women with dense breasts.These results are from a study of 49 528 asymptomatic women at 33 sites in the United States and Canada and were published online on 16 September 2005 in the New England Journal of Medicine (www.nejm.com,doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052911).Results of the trial, conducted by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network over two years, were released on the internet last week to coincide with a presentation of the data at a meeting of the network in Arlington, Virginia.The authors warned that the higher cost of digital mammography is likely to slow its adoption: "Digital systems currently cost approximately 1.5 to 4 times as much as film systems."All relevant information was
483 Alterations in hepatic structure and function in self-administering ethanol
Authors: P IVESTER, T YOUNG, C LEES, L ROBERTSII, P PIERRE, K GRANT, C CUNNINGHAM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Acute lung injury affects close to 200,000 people in the United States annually and leads to death in 40–50% of the affected patients. Chronic ethanol abuse is thought to contribute to up to 40–50% of subjects who develop acute lung injury. We previously demonstrated in a rat model that chronic ethanol ingestion promoted acute lung injury and associated with chronic oxidant stress, activated matrix metalloproteinases, increased release of transforming growth factor-β, and increased expression and deposition of fibronectin, a matrix glycoprotein implicated in lung injury and repair. Because fibronectin can activate monocytes to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, we hypothesized that generation of fibronectin-enriched matrices during chronic ethanol ingestion might contribute to the development of acute lung injury by stimulating unopposed inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we harvested alveolar type II cells from rats fed the Lieber–DeCarli diet (6 weeks; 36% of calories from ethanol). After 96 h of culture, the matrices deposited ex vivo by the type II cells derived from ethanol-fed rats showed increased amounts of fibronectin protein as demonstrated by ELISA. When monocytic U937 cells were plated atop these matrices, there was increased expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This stimulation was inhibited by antibodies against α5β1, a receptor that mediates many of the biological effects of fibronectin. We then tested whether antioxidants ameliorated these effects. Dietary supplements of the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine normalized matrix production by type II cells. Furthermore, the newly derived matrices did not stimulate IL-1β expression over control cells. These studies suggest that chronic ethanol exposure induces oxidant stress and activates lung tissue remodeling characterized by increased expression of fibronectin by alveolar type II cells. The newly deposited fibronectin-enriched matrices may stimulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in monocytic cells recruited to the lung after injury thereby explaining the priming effects of ethanol.
Recombinant allergens for immunoblot diagnosis of tree-pollen allergy
Authors: Rudolf Valenta, Michael Duchene, Susanne Vrtala, Thomas Birkner, Christof Ebner, Reinhold Hirschwehr, Michael Breitenbach, Helmut Rumpold, Otto Scheiner, Dietrich Kraft
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Interdisciplinary benefits of a theory of cultural evolution centered at the group-level: The emergence of macro-neuroeconomics and social evolutionary game theory
Authors: Tobias A. Mattei
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The theoretical concepts developed in the target article, in which the author proposes a new paradigm of cultural evolution based not on the individuals' characteristics, but rather on more global collective properties described as “group-traits” (which emerge when a group of individuals exhibit both differentiation and organization), may have a broader scientific impact that transcend the boundaries of social and evolutionary psychology, paving the way for the emergence of macro-neuroeconomics and social evolutionary game theory.
The Chest Roentgenogram in Sporadic Cases of Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: Gregory A. Storch, Stuart S. Sagel, William B. Baine
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We reviewed chest roentgenograms from 17 persons with confirmed Legionnaires' disease. None of the cases was associated with known outbreaks. Pulmonary infiltrates, usually extensive, were present in all cases. The predominant radiological pattern of both on initial roentgenograms and those from the peak of illness was distal air space disease, usually in a segmental or lobar distribution. The lower lobes were involved most frequently. Pleural effusion and volume loss were infrequent. Radiological findings progressed rapidly and often cleared rapidly, although slow clearing was also seen in some cases. Legionnaires' disease should be included in the radiological differential diagnosis of segmental or lobar pneumonia.
ALLERGENIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE POLLENS OF DWARF AND GIANT RAGWEED TO SEVERAL OF THEIR BOTANIC RELATIVES
Authors: Frank A. Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Thirty-eight of forty patients, allergic to the pollen of dwarf and giant ragweed, were found to be allergic also to the pollen of botanically related species. There was definite variation in the degree of reactivity to the various pollens in different patients. One additional patient reacted to dwarf ragweed but not to giant ragweed or to four other composites. Antibody neutralization studies in six cases indicated that (a) in four cases dwarf ragweed could have been the only sensitizing allergen. (b) In one case either dwarf or giant ragweed could have been the only sensitizing allergen. (c) In one case cosmos plus either of the ragweeds or some undetermined pollen could have been the sensitizing allergen, (d) In none of the six cases studied could cosmos, sunflower, goldenrod, or dandelion have been the only sensitizing allergens. The evidence presented supports the following concepts: (1) Hypersensitiveness of this type develops as the result of allergenic stimulation. (2) The pollens of the ragweeds and their botanic relatives contain, in addition to species-specific allergens, multiple common allergenic determinants which vary in their distribution among related species. (3) A person exposed simultaneously to a group of allergens may become sensitized to certain members of the group and not to others, while another person, exposed to the same group of allergens, may become sensitized to different members of the group.
A Chapel for Christmas
Authors: Louis D. Boshes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor16 December 2003A Chapel for ChristmasLouis D. Boshes, MDLouis D. Boshes, MDFrom Chicago, IL 60612-7330.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was early on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1943, and I was far away from home on duty at a U.S. Navy medical facility. I had always requested duty on holidays to cover for my medical buddies who were not of my own faith, and they did the same for me. My patients were a large group of 17-, 18-, and 19-year-old Marines fresh off Guadalcanal where they had aged so rapidly in combat with enemies and tropical illnesses. They were truly ill, both physically and emotionally.I worked and slept in a little area between both wards heavy with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Chicago, IL 60612-7330.Dr. Boshes died on 8 November 2003.Corresponding Author: Not available. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 December 2003Volume 139, Issue 12Page: 1042KeywordsArmed forcesCerebral malariaEmotionsFatigueHand strengthTongue ePublished: 16 December 2003 Issue Published: 16 December 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Estimating the population impact of screening strategies for identifying and treating people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: modelling study
Authors: P. Chamnan, R. K. Simmons, K. T. Khaw, N. J. Wareham, S. J. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the potential population impact of different screening strategies for identifying and treating people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including strategies using routine data for cardiovascular risk stratification, in light of the UK government's recommended national strategy to screen all adults aged 40-74 for cardiovascular risk. <b>Design</b> Modelling study using data from a prospective cohort, EPIC-Norfolk (European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk). <b>Setting</b> An English county. <b>Participants</b> 16 970 men and women aged 40-74 and free from cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The main outcomes were the population attributable fraction, the number needed to screen to prevent one new case of cardiovascular disease, the number needed to treat to prevent one new case of cardiovascular disease, and the number of new cardiovascular events that could be prevented. Relative risk reductions for estimated treatment effects were derived from meta-analyses of clinical trials or guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. <b>Results</b> 1362 cardiovascular events occurred over 183 586 person years of follow-up. Compared with the recommended government strategy, a stepwise screening approach using a simple risk score incorporating routine data could prevent a similar number (lower to upper estimates) of new cardiovascular events annually in the United Kingdom (26 789, 20 778 to 36 239) and 25 134 (19 450 to 34 134), respectively) but requiring only 60% of the population to be invited to attend a vascular risk assessment. A similar number of cardiovascular events (25 016, 19 563 to 33 372) could also be prevented by inviting everyone aged 50-74 for a vascular assessment. Using a participant completed Finnish diabetes risk score questionnaire or anthropometric cut-off points for risk prestratification was less effective. <b>Conclusions</b> Compared with the UK government's recommended national strategy to screen all adults aged 40-74 for cardiovascular risk, an approach using routine data for cardiovascular risk stratification before inviting people at high risk for a vascular risk assessment may be similarly effective at preventing new cases of cardiovascular disease, with potential cost savings.
Conditional β-Catenin Loss in Mice Promotes Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of Oxidative Stress and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling†
Authors: Xu-Feng Zhang, Xinping Tan, Gang Zeng, Amalea Misse, Sucha Singh, Youngsoo Kim, James E. Klaunig, Satdarshan P. S. Monga
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Activation of β-catenin, the central effector of the canonical Wnt pathway and a recognized oncogene, has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma. We examined N -nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced tumorigenesis in hepatic β-catenin conditional knockout mice (β-cat KO). Male β-cat KO and age- and sex-matched littermate controls were given a single intraperitoneal DEN injection and followed for 6-12 months for hepatic tumors. Hepatic tumors were characterized for histology, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and specific proteins by way of western blot, immunohistochemistry, and coprecipitation studies. For in vivo tumor intervention studies, specific inhibitors were administered intraperitoneally or through drinking water. Intriguingly, β-cat KO mice showed a paradoxical increase in susceptibility to DEN-induced tumorigenesis. This accelerated tumorigenesis is due to increased injury and inflammation, unrestricted oxidative stress, fibrosis, and compensatory increase in hepatocyte proliferation secondary to platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA)/Akt activation and c-Myc overexpression. In vitro suppression of β-catenin expression in hepatoma cells led to enhanced PDGFRα expression, which was abrogated in the presence of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Daily treatment of 6-month-old DEN-exposed β-cat KO with PDGFRα inhibitor dramatically reduced tumor numbers and size. Inclusion of N -acetyl-L-cysteine, a known antioxidant and NF-κB inhibitor, in the drinking water led to complete abolition of tumorigenesis in DEN-exposed β-cat KO. Conclusion: Loss of β-catenin impairs the liver's ability to counteract DEN-induced oxidative stress and enhances tumorigenesis through PDGFRα/PIK3CA/Akt signaling. Blockade of PDGFRα or oxidative stress dramatically affects β-catenin–deficient tumorigenesis. Also, hepatoma cells use PDGFRα/PIK3CA signaling as an escape mechanism following β-catenin suppression, and their sequential suppression profoundly impedes tumor proliferation.
Specific Value of Drugs in Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Mortimer Ostow
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  The conclusions drawn in the paper, Imipramine and Thioridazine in Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients (JAMA189:605 [Aug 24] 1964), are so suprising that they demand some comment.  The authors state, In the depressive sample, essentialy no significant differences between the drugs were found, although the observed mean differences tended to favor thioridazine over imipramine in this group also. Anyone who has been responsible for the care of depressed patients in a one-to-one relation for a reasonable period, and who has employed the various pharmaceutical agents carefully and systematically, will find this statement inconsistent with his experience. The most that one can achieve with any of the phenothiazine tranquilizers is occasional reduction of anxiety and agitation. One is more likely to achieve such an effect with those tranquilizers that possess a sedative action in addition to their true anti-psychotic action, as does thioridazine hydrochloride. Given in anything
Human colonic smooth muscle: electrical and contractile activity in vitro.
Authors: R C Gill, K R Cote, K L Bowes, Y J Kingma
Journal: Gut (1986)

Extracellular electrical and contractile activities were recorded in vitro from strips of human colonic smooth muscle obtained at the time of surgery. Serosal electrical activity of longitudinally oriented strips from the taenia and intertaenial region was characterised by continuous oscillation at a frequency of 28 +/- 1/min. Contractions were marked electrically by a series of oscillations upon which spikes were superimposed. The electrical activity recorded from the submucosal surface of circularly oriented strips exhibited oscillations at 24 +/- 4/min, a frequency significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that recorded from the serosal surface of similar preparations. The contractile force and frequency was dependent upon the part of the colon from which the strip originated; the most powerful contractions were recorded from strips of sigmoid colon. The contractile frequency of circularly oriented strips from the right colon was 6.3 +/- 0.6/min, significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of strips from the left colon (3.4 +/- 0.3/min). Stretching these strips caused an increase in contractile frequency to that of the electrical oscillation.
Intervertebral disc regeneration in an ex vivo culture system using mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Wei-Hong Chen, Hen-Yu Liu, Wen-Cheng Lo, Shinn-Chih Wu, Chau-Hwa Chi, Hsueh-Yuan Chang, Shih-Hsiang Hsiao, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Wen-Ta Chiu, Bao-Ji Chen, Win-Ping Deng
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)