tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of the<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-derived antimicrobial peptide HPA3NT3 against<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>in the skin
Authors: S. Ryu, Y. Park, B. Kim, S.-M. Cho, J. Lee, H.-H. Lee, C. Gurley, K. Song, A. Johnson, C.A. Armstrong, P.I. Song
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

An effective treatment strategy for acne vulgaris is the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes in the skin. The Helicobacter pylori‐derived synthetic antimicrobial peptide HPA3NT3 is a customized α‐helical cationic peptide with antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activity. To examine the role of HPA3NT3 as a treatment against P. acnes‐induced skin inflammation. Morphological alteration of individual P. acnes cells by HPA3NT3 was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Modulation by HPA3NT3 of a number of P. acnes‐induced innate immune responses was analysed in vitro using cultured normal human keratinocytes (HKs), and in vivo using the ICR mouse, a well‐established model for P. acnes‐induced skin inflammation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of HPA3NT3 against P. acnes was low (0·4 μmol L−1). HPA3NT3 showed no cytotoxicity to HK cells at the concentrations used in our in vitro and in vivo studies. Treatment with HPA3NT3 in vitro induced morphological disruptions in P. acnes cells suggestive of a bactericidal effect. HPA3NT3 significantly decreased P. acnes‐induced interleukin‐8 expression and intracellular calcium mobilization in HK cells by inhibiting P. acnes‐activated Toll‐like receptor 2‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathways. Intradermal injection of HPA3NT3 in vivo effectively decreased viable P. acnes, as well as erythema, swelling and inflammatory‐cell infiltration in ICR mouse ears inoculated with P. acnes. Our data suggest that HPA3NT3 has potential as a therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris due to its antimicrobial effects on P. acnes and its ability to block P. acnes‐induced inflammation.
A CASE OF "HEMORRHAGIC ENCEPHALITIS" TREATED WITH SODIUM THIOSULPHATE
Authors: Martin Lasersohn
Journal: JAMA (1925)

McBride<sup>1</sup>recently reported a case of hemorrhagic encephalitis treated with sodium thiosulphate. In this report the author states that "nowhere has been noted the use of sodium thiosulphate in the condition spoken of as "hemorrhagic encephalitis." Another case of the same condition treated with sodium thiosulphate, with unfortunately not the result that was noted in McBride's case, is here reported. In this case, as in McBride's, the "encephalitis" followed sulpharsphenamin injection. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> J. A., a white man, aged 33, was brought, March 17, 1925, to the hospital division in a semiconscious state. The history was obtained from the patient's private physician, who stated that he had treated the patient prophylactically for syphilis. The physician stated that he had treated the patient's wife for syphilis prior to her marriage, that she had had a miscarriage four months before her marriage, and that her blood Wassermann reaction was strongly
Radiographic Identification of Commonly Used Implanted Pacemakers
Authors: William H. Walter, Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

PATIENTS with implanted pacemakers are often seen initially by a physician in an emergency situation. It is thus imperative that the physician have an easily available, unmistakable way to specifically identify the implanted pacemaker. At present, there are five major brands of electronic pacemakers in use in the United States; all these pacemaker units are not interchangeable. It is the purpose of this report to describe a method of pacemaker identification using the distinctive shape of each brand of pacemaker and the arrangement of the batteries and other electronic components when seen on x-ray study. Each brand of pacemaker manufactured . . .
THE ADDRESS ON MEDICINE.Delivered at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C, May, 1891.
Authors: E. L. SHURLY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Mr. President and Members</i>:—As it would be improper on this occasion to attempt even a mention of the vast number of interesting and instructive ideas and observations connected with the science and practice of medicine, which has been evolved during the past year, I shall present for your attention only some points bearing on THE RELATION OF MICROöRGANISMS AND TOX INES TO THE SO-CALLED ZYMOTIC OR INFECTIOUS DISEASES, and as this subject in its various ramifications is too vast for a detailed consideration, I must of necessity confine myself, in great measure, to a generalization upon the biological and chemical features involved. While laboratory work has done perhaps more than any other branch of science toward clearing up many vexed questions about physiological and pathological activities, yet to be of lasting value and guidance it must agree with general and clinical observations. While this has been the case more often
Quantification of Cellular Proliferation in Tumor and Normal Tissues of Patients with Breast Cancer by [18F]Fluorothymidine-Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: Evaluation of Analytical Methods
Authors: Laura M. Kenny, David M. Vigushin, Adil Al-Nahhas, Safiye Osman, Sajinder K. Luthra, Sami Shousha, R. Charles Coombes, Eric O. Aboagye
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract There is an unmet need to develop imaging methods for the early and objective assessment of breast tumors to therapy. 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT)–positron emission tomography represents a new approach to imaging thymidine kinase activity, and hence, cellular proliferation. We compared graphical, spectral, and semiquantitative analytic methodologies for quantifying [18F]FLT kinetics in tumor and normal tissue of patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. The resultant kinetic parameters were correlated with the Ki-67 labeling index from tumor biopsies. [18F]FLT accumulation was detected in primary tumor, nodal disease, and lung metastasis. In large tumors, there was substantial heterogeneity in regional radiotracer uptake, reflecting heterogeneity in cellular proliferation; radiotracer uptake in primary tumors also differed from that of metastases. [18F]FLT was metabolized in patients to a single metabolite [18F]FLT-glucuronide. Unmetabolized [18F]FLT accounted for 71.54 ± 1.50% of plasma radioactivity by 90 minutes. The rate constant for the metabolite-corrected net irreversible uptake of [18F]FLT (Ki) ranged from 0.6 to 10.4 × 10−4 and from 0 to 0.6 × 10−4 mL plasma cleared/s/mL tissue in tumor (29 regions, 15 patients) and normal tissues, respectively. Tumor Ki and fractional retention of radiotracer determined by spectral analysis correlated with Ki-67 labeling index (r = 0.92, P &amp;lt; 0.0001 and r = 0.92, P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively). These correlations were superior to those determined by semiquantitative methods. We conclude that [18F]FLT-positron emission tomography is a promising clinical tool for imaging cellular proliferation in breast cancer, and is most predictive when analyzed by graphical and spectral methods.
NC-08 * PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL AFTER SECOND SURGERY FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME TUMOURS
Authors: A. Kilian, K. Parvex, E. Monsalves, S. Larjani, G. Klironomos, G. Zadeh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of second surgery and overall predictors of outcome following GBM recurrence remains controversial, with few definitive studies published to date. This study sought to identify major predictors of survival after second surgery. METHODS: We collected clinical, pathological and radiographic data through a retrospective review of patient charts. All patients underwent elective surgery for GBM recurrence at our institution in the past 6 years. Kaplan Meier, with log-rank test and Breslow test, was applied to determine and compare significance of dichotomized variables on survival time. The Mann Whitney U non-parametric test was used to determine whether the median survival time differed significantly between groups, for the various clinical factors investigated. RESULTS: Among variables examined, age, less than 50 (P = 0.04) was significant. Patients younger than 50, had a median survival period of 11.8 months, while patients, age 50 or older, survived a median time of 4.2 months. Additionally, our data supports that the palliative effects of second surgery may be complemented by adjuvant therapy as a second round of chemotherapy may prolong survival. Though chemotherapy after reoperation was not found to be statistically significant in extending survival time using the Kaplan-Meier test (P = 0.08), the median survival time was found to be significantly higher in patients that received chemotherapy after reoperation, compared with those who did not, using the Mann Whitney U test (P = 0.05). Patients who underwent chemotherapy after second resection survived a median of 10.6 months. Comparatively, median survival time of patients who did not undergo chemotherapy was 3.9 months. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that patient age (<50) is an important predictor of increased survival after second surgery. Additionally, our data supports that if second surgery will decrease performance status and prevent the administration of further chemotherapy postoperatively, the benefits of re-resection are limited.
Abnormal Left Ventricular Function in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: John Colin Forfar, Alexander Laird Muir, Stewart Allison Sawers, Anthony Douglas Toft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We assessed the effects of exercise and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by radionuclide ventriculography in nine patients with uncomplicated hyperthyroidism. Patients were studied in both the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states. The hyperthyroid state was characterized by a high LVEF at rest but--paradoxically--by a significant fall (P less than 0.01) in LVEF during exercise. At the same workload and at the same heart rate, patients had a restoration of the normal rise in LVEF during exercise when they were euthyroid. The LVEF was greater during exercise (P less than 0.02) when the patients were euthyroid than when they were hyperthyroid. Pretreatment with propranolol caused similar reductions in resting LVEF in the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states; the drug attenuated the rise in LVEF during exercise when the patients were euthyroid, but did not influence the exercise-induced reduction in LVEF in hyperthyroidism. The abnormal left ventricular function observed during exercise in hyperthyroidism suggests a reversible functional cardiomyopathy, independent of beta-adrenoceptor activation, that is presumably a direct effect of an excess in circulating thyroid hormones.
Quantitative measurement of extracellular histamine concentrations in intact human skin <i>in vivo</i> by the microdialysis technique: methodological aspects
Authors: L. J. Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Petersen LJ. Quantitative measurement of extracellular histamine concentrations in intact human skin in vivo by the microdialysis technique: methodological aspects. Calculation of recovery is needed in microdialysis studies to calculate absolute concentrations of compounds in the extracellular water space. The purposes of this study were to determine the extracellular concentration of histamine in intact human skin in vivo and to study the validity of absolute histamine measurements during allergic skin reactions. A skin microdialysis technique and two calibration techniques, the no net flux method and the flow rate method, were used to quantify histamine concentrations in resting skin. To validate these techniques, skin glucose concentrations were analysed as well. In addition, the influence of vasodilation and plasma extravasation on recovery was followed after intradermal injection of codeine, a mast‐cell secretagogue. As expected, both calibration methods estimated skin glucose concentrations to be identical with venous blood glucose concentrations. However, skin histamine levels could not be calculated by the no net method, because the data did not meet the theoretic assumptions of this method. In contrast, histamine data fitted theoretically with the flow rate method, and skin histamine concentrations of 18.8±2.8 nM were found to be significantly greater than plasma histamine concentrations of 4.3±0.7 nM. Within minutes after intradermal injection of codeine, recovery increased significantly in a dose‐dependent fashion. Vasodilation per se did not influence recovery. In conclusion, absolute assessment of skin histamine concentrations can be made by microdialysis by the flow rate method. The validity of such an estimate and the theoretic prerequisites for the calculations are discussed. Quantitative measurement of skin histamine levels during allergic reactions cannot be performed since recovery is altered by plasma extravasation after skin challenge.
Effects of long term inhaled high dose beclomethasone dipropionate on adrenal function.
Authors: M J Smith, M E Hodson
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Studies of adrenal function were performed on 54 asthmatic patients who were taking long term high doses of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate ranging from 500 to 2000 micrograms/day for between six and 60 months. Of the 43 patients taking up to 1500 micrograms/day, 39 (91%) had normal basal plasma cortisol concentrations and normal short tetracosactrin responses and 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion was within the normal range in eight of nine patients tested. Some evidence of adrenal suppression was found in patients taking 2000 micrograms/day, with basal plasma cortisol below the normal range in four out of 11 patients and 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion below the normal range in five out of six patients tested. Only one of the 11 patients taking 2000 micrograms/day had a short tetracosactrin response below the normal range: the mean rise in plasma cortisol was, however, significantly lower in this group than in those taking 1000 micrograms/day (328 (SE 30) and 506 (34) nmol/l respectively) (p less than 0.01). Patients taking more than 1500 micrograms/day of inhaled beclomethasone may require systemic corticosteroids during prolonged stress.
Thymosin β4 Is an Essential Paracrine Factor of Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cell–Mediated Cardioprotection
Authors: Rabea Hinkel, Chiraz El-Aouni, Tonia Olson, Jan Horstkotte, Stefan Mayer, Sebastian Müller;, Michael Willhauck, Christine Spitzweg, Franz-Josef Gildehaus, Wolfgang Münzing, Ewald Hannappel, Ildiko Bock-Marquette, J. Michael DiMaio, Antonis K. Hatzopoulos, Peter Boekstegers, Christian Kupatt
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Prolonged myocardial ischemia results in cardiomyocyte loss despite successful revascularization. We have reported that retrograde application of embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) provides rapid paracrine protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we investigated the role of thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) as a mediator of eEPC-mediated cardioprotection.In vitro, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in the absence or presence of eEPCs with or without Tbeta4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection. In vivo, pigs (n=9 per group) underwent percutaneous left anterior descending artery occlusion for 60 minutes on day 1. After 55 minutes of ischemia, control eEPCs (5x10(6) cells) or cells transfected with Tbeta4 shRNA when indicated or 15 mg Tbeta4 alone were retroinfused into the anterior interventricular vein. Segmental endocardial shortening in the infarct zone at 150-bpm atrial pacing, infarct size (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride viability and methylene blue exclusion), and inflammatory cell influx (myeloperoxidase activity) were determined 24 hours later. Survival of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes increased from 32+/-4% to 90+/-2% after eEPC application, an effect sensitive to shRNA transfection compared with Tbeta4 (45+/-7%). In vivo, infarct size decreased with eEPC application (38+/-4% versus 54+/-4% of area at risk; P<0.01), an effect abolished by Tbeta4 shRNA (62+/-3%). Segmental subendocardial shortening improved after eEPC treatment (22+/-3% versus -3+/-4% of control area) unless Tbeta4 shRNA was transfected (-6+/-4%). Retroinfusion of Tbeta4 mimicked eEPC application (infarct size, 37+/-3%; segmental endocardial shortening, 34+/-7%). Myeloperoxidase activity (3323+/-388 U/mg in controls) was decreased by eEPCs (1996+/-546 U/mg) or Tbeta4 alone (1455+/-197 U/mg) but not Tbeta4 shRNA-treated eEPCs (5449+/-829 U/mg).Our findings show that short-term cardioprotection derived by regional application of eEPCs can be attributed, at least in part, to Tbeta4.
Vocational training in general practice: is action against North East Thames justified?
Authors: S. Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The committee is responsible for issuing certificates showing satisfactory completion of a course of approved study to doctors wishing to become general practitioners. It advises professional and educational bodies on the standards required in the postgraduate education of trainees and takes action to ensure that these are maintained. The recommended minimum criteria for recognition of a practice for training include fifing of all records by date order, easy identification of all drugs being taken by patients having long term treatment, audit of prescribing habits within the practice, and provision of a relevant library. The committee sends visitors to each region on alternate years, and their reports are received at quarterly meetings. When a region fails to maintain the required standards the regional adviser and representatives from the regional general practice education com? mittee are invited to meet the officers to discuss the problems and identify ways of rectifying them. Any further action depends on the outcome of this meeting.
Marked Soft Tissue Uptake of Bone Tracer in a Patient with Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: THOMAS J. POSCH, STEVEN P. OLSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 53-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of lower back pain. A radionuclide bone scan using Tc-99m HDP revealed extensive diffuse soft tissue uptake of tracer with only minimal bone localization. Marked tracer uptake in the tongue was noted. A fine-needle aspiration of abdominal fat was positive for amyloidosis. A bone marrow examination was consistent with multiple myeloma and serum protein studies were positive for an IgGkappa monoclonal spike, with urine positive for Bence Jones protein. Amyloidosis must be considered when there is soft tissue uptake of radiotracer. This soft tissue uptake may be dramatic with only minimal normal uptake in bone.
The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the response of airway epithelium to particulates.
Authors: L D Martin, T M Krunkosky, J A Dye, B M Fischer, N F Jiang, L G Rochelle, N J Akley, K L Dreher, K B Adler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Epidemiologic and occupational studies indicate adverse health effects due to inhalation of particulate air pollutants, but precise biologic mechanisms responsible have yet to be fully established. The tracheobronchial epithelium forms the body's first physiologic barrier to such airborne pollutants, where ciliary movement functions to remove the offending substances caught in the overlying mucus layer. Resident and infiltrating phagocytic cells also function in this removal process. In this paper, we examine the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the response of airway epithelium to particulates. Some particulates themselves can generate ROS, as can the epithelial cells, in response to appropriate stimulation. In addition, resident macrophages in the airways and the alveolar spaces can release ROS/RNS after phagocytosis of inhaled particles. These macrophages also release large amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that can generate responses within the airway epithelium dependent upon intracellular generation of ROS/RNS. As a result, signal transduction pathways are set in motion that may contribute to inflammation and other pathobiology in the airway. Such effects include increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, cytosolic and inducible nitric oxide synthase, manganese superoxide dismutase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and hypersecretion of mucus. Ultimately, ROS/RNS may play a role in the global response of the airway epithelium to particulate pollutants via activation of kinases and transcription factors common to many response genes. Thus, defense mechanisms involved in responding to offending particulates may result in a complex cascade of events that can contribute to airway pathology.
Respiratory Diseases in Minorities of the United States
Authors: J W de Jong, J P Teengs, D S Postma, T W van der Mark, G H Koëter, J G de Monchy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Respiratory Diseases in Minorities of the United States." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149(3_pt_2), p. S91
Movement of IgM antibody from blood to bile in rats
Authors: Peter G. C. Hansen, Graham D. F. Jackson
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The movement from blood to bile of passively injected autologous IgM antibody against horse erythrocytes was studied in rats. Both native and neuraminidase-treated antibody entered bile intact, with the peak titers for both measured between 60 and 90 min after injection. A small part (0.38%) of the injected dose of native antibody and 1.05% of the asialo-IgM antibody appeared in bile over 24 hr. These recoveries represented only a small fraction of the activity, which apparently disappeared from serum over the period. The pathways used by IgM antibody to enter bile were partially assessed. Prior injection of fetuin was found to abrogate the biliary secretion of native antibody and to significantly reduce the recovery of asialo-antibody in bile. In contrast, the presence of asialofetuin reduced (but not significantly) the secretion of native antibody and markedly changed the kinetics of appearance of asialo-IgM activity in bile. Some candidate routes to bile can be excluded as unlikely. The parahepatocellular pathway to bile canaliculi appears uninvolved because the secretion of antibody is slow and the inhibitory effects of fetuin argue against secretory component-mediated transport. Instead, two secretory pathways appear to be present. The first appears to be available to both native and asialo-IgM antibody, and may involve the peribiliary capillary plexus. The second route to bile is available to asialo-IgM antibody alone and is probably initiated by binding to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor.