tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P272 Influence of BMI on Asthma Control Questionnaire Scores
Authors: SZ Zaidi, SJ Jain, HN Nathon, LH Hughes, JF Finnerty, AP Ponnuswamy, IB Benton, SS Scott
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Asthma has been associated with obesity. However, the mechanisms of this association are not yet clear. It has been suggested that quality of life is influenced more strongly by BMI rather than other objective measures of severity in an obese population 1. We wished toexplore the influence of BMI on asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores of patients attending a specialist asthma clinic, as compared to objective parameters used for assessing disease severity. <h3>Methods</h3> Measurements of IgE, Blood Eosinophils, FEV1%, FVC%, FEV1/FVC ratio, BMI and ACQ were recorded for patients attending an asthma clinic. BTS management step was also looked at. <h3>Results</h3> 110 Pts mean (SD) age 52 (17), BMI 31 (8), ACQ 2.7 (1.4), Step BTS 3.5, FEV1% 71 (22.6) FEV1/FVC 69 (15.2) were investigated. There was a strong correlation between ACQ and BMI (r=0.244, p&lt;0.05) and BTS step (r=0.411, p=&lt;0.05) but not IgE or FEV1/FVC rato. There was a weak correlation between ACQ and Blood Eosinophils (r=–0.184, p=&lt;0.05). There were significantly worse ACQ scores in those with BMI&gt;=30 Kg/m2 (p&lt;0.05) and %FVC (p&lt;0.05) but no significant differences in FEV1%, IgE, Blood Eosinophils or FEV1/FVC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Obesity appears to have asignificant influence on ACQ scores as a measure of asthma control and needs tobe taken into account when using this measure as an indication of severity, andformulating management plans with regards to patient care. Scott S, Currie J, Albert P, Calverley P, Wilding JP. Risk of misdiagnosis, health-related quality of life, and BMI in patients who are overweight withdoctor-diagnosed asthma. <i>Chest.</i> 2012Mar; 141(3):616–24
IS PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN WOMEN WITH REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT?
Authors: Gabriele Egidy Assenza, Anne Marie Valente, Daiana Cassater, Jenna Schreier, Katherine Economy, Dionne Graham, Massimo Volpe, Nancy Barker, Tal Geva, Michael Landzberg, Anne Marie Valente
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Hairpulling Scale: 2. Reliability and Validity
Authors: Richard L. O’Sullivan, Nancy J. Keuthen, Caroline F. Hayday, Joseph N. Ricciardi, Lynn Buttolph, Michael A. Jeni, Lee Baer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Assessment of symptom severity and change in chronic hairpulling has been limited by the absence of a psychometrically validated clinical rating scale. The Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale demonstrated test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and sensitivity to change in hairpulling symptoms.
GRP and stimulation of acid secretion
Authors: H L Waldum, A K Sandvik, P Hildebrand, C Beglinger
Journal: Gut (2002)

The epidemiological literature contains an ongoing and diversified discussion of the Hill criteria. This article offers a philosophical analysis of the criteria, showing that the criteria are related to two different views of causality. The authors argue that the criteria of strength, specificity, consistency, experiment, and biological gradient are related to a probabilistic regularity view of causality, whereas the criteria of coherence, plausibility, and analogy are related to a generative view of causality. The criterion of temporality is not related to either view, but may in contrast be central in inferring direction from cause to effect. The authors illuminate the aim and limitations of the various criteria that need to be included when discussing them.
CARDIAC POWER AND STROKE WORK PREDICT FAVORABLE RESPONSE TO INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON COUNTERPULSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK PRIOR TO LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Marc Sintek, Mark Gdowski, Kory Lavine, Shashikanth Nagabandi, Eric Novak, Scott Silvestry, Susan Joseph
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Try psychology before drugs for children with mental problems
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Children and adolescents with behavioural and mental health problems often receive inadequate care and treatment, says the American Psychological Association in a comprehensive report.

They get drugs that have not been well tested in children but often don't get psychological treatments, which are less risky, because these are more time consuming and expensive.

The report was compiled over two years, in which time there were substantial changes in the treatment of children and adolescents with mental health problems. Drugs are used to treat children despite a lack of scientific …
Mesh repair of sacral hernia following sacrectomy
Authors: G Atkin, P Mathur, R Harrison
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

24 and a company commander in the 1st Dorset Regiment when he was wounded by shrapnel in Holland early in the morning of 2 November 1944, in the aftermath of the Arnhem campaign.His story is in his own writings 1,2 and in his army medical records 3 , both quite exceptional in detail and perception. CASE HISTORYHe was felled by the shell burst and briefly unconscious, and had sustained a left parietal penetrating injury which made him mute and hemiplegic.He was evacuated by stretcher, ambulance and plane.'During the flight I felt something stiff and cold on the right side of my chest.I puzzled about it for a while before it dawned on me that it was my right arm, heavy, insensate and quite paralysed . . .At one point I thought the end had come . ..' 2 .On the evening of the same day he reached the Military Hospital for Head Injuries at St Hugh's College, Oxford.X-rays showed 'a large MFB [metal foreign body] deep in the left parietal lobe just above the ventricular roof but may impinge on it.'On 3 November Major C A Calvert 4 operated on a semiconscious, globally aphasic man who had a right hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia, and hemianopia (Figure 1): '. . .wound stank horribly . . .contamination with hairs and dura down brain track-marked oedema . . .toothpaste brain and clot . . .bone chips indrawn about 2 cm, metallic body about 4 cm from cortex, inner end about 6 cm . . .debrided . . .many toothpaste pockets extending laterally from track . . .area of cortex destruction about 4 cmÂ4 cm . . .gush of CSF . . .ventricle into which MFB had protruded . . .5000 U penicillin . . .dura left open . . .drain . ..' 3 .After the operation Anthony Babington recalled 1,2 gesticulating with his left hand to indicate that he needed treatment for head pain, something to drink, or a urine bottle.When asked to write his home address with his left hand 'I knew exactly what I intended to write but I was dismayed to find myself drawing a series of short and very crooked lines . . .when shown a newspaper I could see letters but not understand them . . .might have been Chinese.'I woke one morning feeling slightly better.The night sister said ''You are over the worst and out of danger . . .The doctors think you might get back a little movement in your right side, in the leg at any rate.But I am afraid they think it unlikely that you will ever be able to speak again''.'
Vesicoureteric Reflux at the End of Renography
Authors: BOB DUGAL, HANS-JACOB NERDRUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 7-year-old boy was sent to our department for renography. Urography indicated two ureters on each side, a dilated right pelvis, and proximal stenosis of the inferior ureter of the right kidney. No stenosis was seen on the left side. Renography with furosemide showed that the obstruction was not pathological and that furosemide had a reasonably good effect on the excretory phase. Sudden reflux was observed. The patient did not void.
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa is not associated with frequent<i>FLG</i>gene mutations
Authors: H. Schumann, C. Has, J. Kohlhase, L. Bruckner-Tuderman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEB‐Pr; OMIM 604129) is a rare manifestation of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), characterized by pruritus, nodular prurigo‐like lesions and fragility of the skin mainly in the extremities. Fewer than 40 patients with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, or sporadic DEB‐Pr, have been described in the literature. Objectives To disclose mutations in DEB‐Pr and to elucidate the role of other pathogenic factors which may influence the pruriginous phenotype. Methods Seven patients with typical clinical features of DEB‐Pr were studied. Results In all patients, mutations in the gene encoding collagen VII (COL7A1) were disclosed, two of them novel (p.G2623V, p.E2736K). Three mutations were dominant, three recessive and one de novo. In the families with dominant DEB there were one or more members with DEB‐Pr, but also at least one affected sibling who did not develop DEB‐Pr. In six of seven patients, the clinical history revealed factors that initially induced pruritus, such as atopy, pregnancy, thyroid hormone imbalance, diabetes, infections and contact sensitization. Common filaggrin mutations were ruled out in all patients and normal filaggrin staining was found in the skin samples. Conclusions DEB‐Pr develops as a result of COL7A1 gene mutations and acquired phenotype‐modifying factors. Filaggrin mutations did not contribute to the pruriginous phenotype in the present patient cohort.
The necrotic venom of the brown recluse spider induces dysregulated endothelial cell-dependent neutrophil activation. Differential induction of GM-CSF, IL-8, and E-selectin expression.
Authors: K D Patel, V Modur, G A Zimmerman, S M Prescott, T M McIntyre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom induces severe dermonecrotic lesions. The mechanism for this is unknown but presents an interesting paradox: necrosis is completely dependent on the victim's neutrophils, yet neutrophils are not activated by the venom. We show Loxosceles venom is a potent, but disjointed, endothelial cell agonist. It weakly induced E-selectin expression, but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or IL-6 expression, yet significantly stimulated release of IL-8 and large amounts of GM-CSF by 4 h. In contrast, TNF strongly induced all of these, except for GM-CSF. PMN bound to E-selectin on venom-activated endothelial cells, apparently via counterreceptors different from those that bind E-selectin on TNF alpha-activated monolayers. Notably, PMN bound venom-activated monolayers only at intercellular junctions, did not polarize, and completely failed to migrate beneath the monolayer. Despite this, bound PMN demonstrated increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and secreted primary and secondary granule markers. The latter event was suppressed by sulfones used to treat envenomation. We have defined a new endothelial cell agonist, Loxosceles venom, that differentially stimulates the inflammatory response of endothelial cells. This, in turn, leads to a dysregulated PMN response where adhesion and degranulation are completely dissociated from shape change and transmigration.
Gastroenterology Comes of Age
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The 1930s were a transitional period for the field of gastroenterology, bridging the gap between its emergence as a specialty at the turn of the century and its later blossoming as an important clinical and scientific discipline. Although the American Gastroenterological Association had been established in 1897 and prominent gastrointestinal (GI) specialists were readily identified, the field of digestive diseases had not yet attained peer and public recognition as a major specialty in America. With few exceptions, for example, the University of Chicago, Mount Sinai in New York, Massachusetts General Hospital, the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, The Cleveland Clinic, and The Lahey Clinic, Boston, divisions of gastroenterology had not yet been established in most medical centers. Formal recognition of gastroenterology was not to come until the 1940s. Physiological studies of the GI tract had been in progress intermittently in America for approximately 100 years, but basic knowledge relating to clinical
EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Russell W. Schaedler, Rene J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Young mice were maintained for periods of 1 to 6 weeks on experimental diets containing all known growth factors, but differing in their protein and amino acid contents. All diets were supplemented with L-cystine. The effect of the nutritional regimen on infection was tested by inoculating the animals with either one of four pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae type C), and by observing the survival time. The infective dose was administered by either one of three routes: intravenous, intraperitoneal, or air-borne (aerosol). In some experiments, the animals were maintained in groups of five throughout the tests. In other experiments they were housed in individual cages. This difference in housing did not affect the results in a detectable manner. Mice fed diets containing 5 or 8 per cent casein as sole source of amino acid (except for cystine supplementation) proved more susceptible to the experimental diseases than did mice fed diets containing 15 or 20 per cent of the same protein. Susceptibility to infection developed when wheat gluten, or soybean alpha-protein, was substituted for casein-even in high concentrations (15 or 20 per cent). In one experiment, mice were fed a diet containing as sole source of amino acids a mixture of soybean and rice flour, so designed as to provide a protein concentration of 15 per cent, with an amino acid pattern similar to that of casein. These animals gained weight at the same rate as those fed a diet containing 15 per cent casein and they exhibited a satisfactory level of resistance to bacterial infection. The infection-enhancing effect of low casein concentration (5 and 8 per cent) could be corrected by supplementing the diet with the proper mixture of amino acids. This could be done using either synthetic or natural amino acids. In contrast, susceptibility to infection developed when low casein diets were supplemented with unbalanced mixtures of amino acids. The infection-enhancing effect of gluten diets could not be corrected by supplementing the latter with lysine even though this supplementation markedly improved weight gains in uninfected animals. It appears in conclusion that the relative proportion of the various amino acids in the diet is as important a factor as their total amount in conditioning resistance to bacterial infections. This effect of nutrition on resistance can be detected irrespective of the route of infection: intravenous, intraperitoneal, or air-borne. Moreover, the effect has been observed with two strains of mice differing markedly in their natural resistance to bacterial infection.
DNA adducts in human tissues: biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens in tobacco smoke.
Authors: D H Phillips
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Tobacco smoking causes millions of cancer deaths annually. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of chemicals including many known animal carcinogens. Because many carcinogens from DNA adducts in target animal or human tissues, the detection of the formation of adducts using such methods as postlabeling, immunoassay, fluorescence spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry is a means of monitoring human exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Smokers are at increased risk of cancer in many organs, and studies have revealed either specific adducts related to smoking or increased levels of adducts in the lung, bronchus, larynx, bladder, cervix, and oral mucosa of smokers. In a limited number of studies, the adducts and the carcinogens responsible for them have been identified. Some studies have demonstrated higher levels of adducts in the white blood cells of smokers, while other studies indicate other sources of genotoxic agents, including diet, can contribute to the DNA damage observed in these cells.
Patient-centred healthcare outcome measures: towards a unified architecture
Authors: Sanjay Budhdeo, Aswin Chari, Oliver Harrison, Jane Blazeby
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Measuring appropriate outcomes is at the core of patient-centred medicine. With an ever-increasing number of clinical trials being published, the heterogeneity of outcome measures used in different trials makes direct comparisons difficult. Despite this, clinical effectiveness research is increasingly influential in making decisions about which treatments are best for patients. A recent judgment has strengthened the importance of commissioners in the UK National Health Service (NHS) of recommendations made by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which are based on outcomes research.1 In the USA, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act created the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, to further assess options for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease.
HVCN1 modulates BCR signal strength via regulation of BCR-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Melania Capasso, Mandeep K Bhamrah, Tom Henley, Robert S Boyd, Claudia Langlais, Kelvin Cain, David Dinsdale, Karen Pulford, Mahmood Khan, Boris Musset, Vladimir V Cherny, Deri Morgan, Randy D Gascoyne, Elena Vigorito, Thomas E DeCoursey, Ian C M MacLennan, Martin J S Dyer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Prevalence of Malaria and Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: R. Matthew Chico, Philippe Mayaud, Cono Ariti, David Mabey, Carine Ronsmans, Daniel Chandramohan
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Malaria and sexually transmitted infections/reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) in pregnancy are direct and indirect causes of stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of malaria and STI/RTI prevalence estimates among pregnant women attending antenatal care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, and reference lists were searched for studies reporting malaria, syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, or bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.Included studies were conducted in 1990-2011 with open enrollment. Studies from South Africa, where malaria is no longer endemic, were excluded.Point prevalence estimates were corrected for diagnostic precision. A random-effects model meta-analysis was applied to produce pooled prevalence estimates.A total of 171 studies met inclusion criteria, providing 307 point prevalence estimates for malaria or STIs/RTIs and including a total of 340 904 women. The pooled prevalence estimates (with 95% CIs and number of women with positive diagnosis) among studies in 1990-2011 in East and Southern Africa were as follows: syphilis, 4.5% (3.9%-5.1%; n = 8346 positive diagnoses), N gonorrhoeae, 3.7% (2.8%-4.6%; n = 626), C trachomatis, 6.9% (5.1%-8.6%; n = 350), T vaginalis, 29.1% (20.9%-37.2%; n = 5502), bacterial vaginosis, 50.8% (43.3%-58.4%; n = 4280), peripheral malaria, 32.0% (25.9%-38.0%; n = 11 688), and placental malaria, 25.8% (19.7%-31.9%; n = 1388). West and Central Africa prevalence estimates were as follows: syphilis, 3.5% (1.8%-5.2%; n = 851), N gonorrhoeae, 2.7% (1.7%-3.7%; n = 73), C trachomatis, 6.1% (4.0%-8.3%; n = 357), T vaginalis, 17.8% (12.4%-23.1%; n = 822), bacterial vaginosis, 37.6% (18.0%-57.2%; n = 1208), peripheral malaria, 38.2% (32.3%-44.1%; n = 12 242), and placental malaria, 39.9% (34.2%-45.7%; n = 4658).The dual prevalence of malaria and STIs/RTIs in pregnancy among women who attend antenatal care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa is considerable, with the combined prevalence of curable STIs/RTIs being equal to, if not greater than, malaria.
Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidant enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patients of familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Jose T. Real, Sergio Martínez-Hervás, M. Carmen Tormos, Elena Domenech, Federico V. Pallardó, Guillermo Sáez-Tormo, Josep Redon, Rafael Carmena, F. Javier Chaves, Juan F. Ascaso, Ana-Barbara García-García
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Erratum: Corrigendum: Treatment of cerebral ischemia by disrupting ischemia-induced interaction of nNOS with PSD-95
Authors: Li Zhou, Fei Li, Hai-Bing Xu, Chun-Xia Luo, Hai-Yin Wu, Ming-Mei Zhu, Wei Lu, Xing Ji, Qi-Gang Zhou, Dong-Ya Zhu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
OUTCOMES FOLLOWING URGENT OR EMERGENT CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK AND AN UNRESPONSIVE PRE-OPERATIVE NEUROLOGIC STATE
Authors: Brian Gulack, Xia He, Matthew Williams, Vinod Thourani, Jeffrey Jacobs, J. Matthew Brennan, Deepak Acharya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Time courses of apoptosis and cell proliferation and their relationship to arterial remodeling and restenosis after angioplasty in an atherosclerotic rabbit model
Authors: Eric Durand, Ziad Mallat, Faouzi Addad, Françoise Vilde, Michel Desnos, Claude Guérot, Alain Tedgui, Antoine Lafont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mortality and morbidity caused by measles in children with malignant disease attending four major treatment centres: a retrospective review.
Authors: M M Gray, I M Hann, S Glass, O B Eden, P M Jones, R F Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Measles is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children receiving treatment for leukaemia. A review was made of all the documented cases of measles in children in first remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at four major treatment centres in 1974-84. Over the 11 years reviewed 1043 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were referred to these centres. Fifty one (4.9%) died while in first remission and 15 (29.4%) of these deaths were due to measles or its complications: 12 cases of pneumonia, 10 of them fatal; and six cases of encephalitis, five of them fatal and the sixth child left severely handicapped. These children would have had at least a 50% chance of long term survival. The severity of measles in the immunocompromised patient reinforces the need to improve the poor uptake of measles immunisation in Britain.