tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parenteral Vitamin Therapy
Authors: Grace A. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the above letter, in which it is stated that I saw "no reason for administering the B vitamins parenterally unless parenteral feeding was necessary," I am misquoted. My statement was that I saw no reason for administering these vitamins<i>intravenously</i>. There are a number of indications for the intramuscular administration of vitamins of the B complex. I agree that there are certain acute psychotic states in which parenteral (usually intramuscular) administration of B vitamins is useful. At times the vitamins are given with glucose by vein. Many of these psychotic states are associated with alcoholism, and there is reason to believe that vitamin B-complex deficiency is playing a role in these syndromes. The psychotic state itself may increase metabolism and, hence, requirement of some of the B vitamins. Some psychoses in non-alcoholic patients also respond to vitamins of the B complex in therapeutic doses. In such
348. Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Regulates Proliferation of Human and Mouse Hematopoietic Stem-Progenitor Cells, but Is Not Essential for Mouse Hematopoietic Repopulation
Authors: Jonathan K. Alder, Robert W. Georgantas, Richard L. Hildreth, Curt I. Civin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Quiescence is a key characteristic of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), postulated to prevent premature exhaustion of the stem cell pool and to protect HSCs from insults such as proliferative stress, irradiation, and chemotoxins. Similarly, quiescence is also thought to play a role in chemoprotection of "cancer stem cells" postulated to give rise to various hematologic malignancies. Understanding of pathways that regulate the cell cycle may contribute to our ability to genetically modify and expand HSC. Several Kruppel-like factor family members, including KLF1, KLF2, KLF3, and KLF6 have been shown to have pivotal roles in hematopoiesis. Experiments in zebrafish have suggested that KLF4 may also play a role in hematopoiesis. Here we found that enforced expression of KLF4 in hematopoietic cells induced cell cycle arrest without triggering apoptosis. Based on the high levels of expression of KLF4 in mouse and human hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and that KLF4 has previously been shown to regulate p21cip1/waf1, we hypothesized that KLF4 regulates proliferation of these cells through regulation of p21cip1/waf1. We next examined hematopoiesis of KLF4−/− mice to test whether lack of KLF4 led to HSPC expansion or led to other hematopoietic abnormalities. However, KLF4−/− fetal liver cells had normal numbers of all mature lineages and provided normal radioprotection, similar to wild type controls. Furthermore, in long-term competitive repopulation assays, KLF4−/− mouse HSPCs demonstrated hematopoietic potency equivalent to the wild type. We found that KLF2 has a similar expression pattern to that of KLF4 during hematopoiesis, and propose that KLF2 may play a compensatory role in KLF4−/− HSPCs. The Johns Hopkins University holds patents on CD34 monoclonal antibodies and inventions related to stem cells. Dr. Civin is entitled to a share of the sales royalty received by the University under licensing agreements between the University, Becton Dickinson Corporation and Baxter HealthCare Corporation. The terms of this arrangement are being managed by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies.
Implementation of sedation guidelines in clinical practice in Italy: results of a prospective longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: R. Conigliaro, A. Rossi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Following publication in 2000 of the Italian Guidelines for Sedation in Digestive Endoscopy, the authors carried out a dissemination program and an audit of the impact of the Guidelines in clinical practice. The primary aim was to evaluate any changes in sedation methods at the start of and during the study period (at 0, 6, and 12 months). Secondary study aims were detailed analyses of endoscopies regarding sedation, complications, and patient satisfaction. Patients and methods: The prospective, observational, multicenter study was commenced in 60 centers (31 first- and 29 second-level) which opted to have seminars on the Guidelines; results concerning sedation practices in relation to endoscopic procedure, complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded at the start of the study (phase 0) and at 6 and 12 months. Over a 1-year period, 5261 sedated and unsedated patients undergoing endoscopic procedures were enrolled (with data collection between December 1999 and June 2002). The results were analyzed using the chi-squared test.
Perineal Curve Axis-Traction Forceps
Authors: S. Macvie
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL; 9 ness or rashness, but in that of increased caution, combined with an earnest desire that we should avail ourselves of the means of knowledge placed before us.My cases were all treated on Listerian principles, the pedicles trans fixed and tied with carbolised silk, and enclosed within the abdominal cavity.
(10) Incontinentia pigmeti
Authors: R.R.M. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (10) Incontinentia pigmeti Get access R.R.M. Harman R.R.M. Harman Southmead Hospital, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 38–40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14318.x Published: 01 December 1977
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Authors: Robert E. Leach
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In the literature of the past year, we continued to see the preoccupation of the orthopedic world with total joint arthroplasty and, in particular, with the problem of particulate debris and eventual loosening of prostheses. Maloney et al<sup>1</sup>studied 14 patients with severe pelvic osteolysis after having had an acetabular replacement without cement. The osteolysis appeared from 53 to 84 months after the index operation and, although all patients initially had good function, by the time the article was written, nine patients required re-operation. Particulate debris, primarily polyethylene, was present in all hips. The treatment of primary bone tumors seems to be becoming the province of a small number of specially trained orthopedic surgeons, a practice that seems logical because other orthopedic surgeons may not keep abreast of the remarkable advances being made in the treatment of primary bone tumors and of the newest diagnostic tests. During the past
Effect of commensals and probiotics on visceral sensitivity and pain in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Vassilia Theodorou, Afifa Ait-Belgnaoui, Simona Agostini, Helene Eutamene
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The last ten years' wide progress in the gut microbiota phylogenetic and functional characterization has been made evidencing dysbiosis in several gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a functional gut disease with high prevalence and negative impact on patient's quality of life characterized mainly by visceral pain and/or discomfort, representing a good paradigm of chronic gut hypersensitivity. The IBS features are strongly regulated by bidirectional gut-brain interactions and there is increasing evidence for the involvement of gut bacteria and/or their metabolites in these features, including visceral pain. Further, gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics or probiotics has been promising in IBS. Mechanistic data provided mainly by animal studies highlight that commensals or probiotics may exert a direct action through bacterial metabolites on sensitive nerve endings in the gut mucosa, or indirect pathways targeting the intestinal epithelial barrier, the mucosal and/or systemic immune activation, and subsequent neuronal sensitization and/or activation.
Influence of contractile state on curvilinearity of in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations.
Authors: D A Kass, R Beyar, E Lankford, M Heard, W L Maughan, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Although in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVRs) are approximately linear throughout a limited load range, they often yield seemingly "negative" volume axis intercepts (V0) and V0 shifts with inotropic interventions. We tested whether or not these findings could stem from in situ ESPVR nonlinearity, and we examined the physiologic meaning and limitations of linearized ESPVR variables frequently used for assessing contractile state. Continuous left ventricular pressures and volumes were obtained by micromanometer and conductance (volume) catheters in six open-chest dogs. Left ventricular loading was varied throughout a wide range by rapid left atrial hemorrhage into a reservoir. Propranolol and verapamil were administered to reduce inotropic state, with heart rate maintained by atrioventricular sequential pacing. ESPVRs were fit to nonlinear [Pes = a(Ves-V'0)2 + b(Ves-V'0)] and linear (Pes = Ees (Ves-V0)] models. Contractile state was assessed by the slope of the ESPVR at V'0 (b, of nonlinear model) and by two other ESPVR model-independent measures: the slope of the dP/dtmax and end-diastolic volume relation, and the slope of the stroke work and end-diastolic volume relation. ESPVR was frequently curvilinear, and a significant correlation existed between the extent of nonlinearity (a) and contractile state. Volume intercepts derived from linear fits to the high load ESPVR range were mostly negative and were dependent on changes in Ees. V0 estimates derived from the low load portion were positive and relatively insensitive to Ees. Thus, in situ ESPVR displays contractility-dependent curvilinearity. The contractility range throughout which ESPVRs are essentially linear is typical for isolated hearts, but the range represents low values for in situ ventricles. Despite curvilinearity, Ees determined in situ throughout limited load ranges can accurately assess inotropic state; however, comparisons between ESPVRs should consider potential nonlinearity, and if possible, they should be made within similar end-systolic pressure ranges.
What is sphincter of Oddi dysfunction?
Authors: J Toouli
Journal: Gut (1989)

Ever since its description approximately 100 years ago, the sphincter of Oddi has been surrounded by controversy. First, whether it indeed existed, second, whether it had a significant physiological role in man and more recently whether abnormalities in its function give rise to a clinical syndrome. Data from animal and human studies, using sensitive techniques, have helped define the physiological role of the sphincter of Oddi, and more recent studies are determining the factors which control sphincter of Oddi function. These studies support Oddi9s original description that the sphincter has a major role in the control of flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum, and equally importantly helps prevent the reflux of duodenal contents into the biliary and pancreatic ductal systems. The controversy of whether abnormalities in sphincter of Oddi motility result in clinical syndromes has not been totally resolved. Part of the difficulty has been inability to document normal and hence abnormal function of the sphincter. With the emergence of endoscopic biliary manometry as a sensitive and reproducible technique, however, the motility of the human sphincter of Oddi has come under closer scrutiny and allowed definition of possible disorders. We have used the term sphincter of Oddi dysfunction to define manometric abnormalities in patients who present with signs and symptoms consistent with a biliary or pancreatic ductal origin. Based on the manometry, we have subdivided the dysfunction into two groups; a group characterised by a stenotic pattern - that is, raised sphincter basal pressure - and a second group having a dyskinetic pattern - that is, paradoxical response to cholecystokinin injection, rapid contraction frequency, high percentage of retrograde contractions, or short periods of raised basal percentage of retrograde contractions, or short periods of raised basal pressure. It is apparent from the mamometry but also from the clinical data that the patients are a heterogeneous group and thus any therapy would need to be tailored for each patient and abnormality. The most recent therapeutic data suggest that patients with the stenotic pattern on manometry respond to division of the sphincter, however, those patients with the dyskinetic manometric pattern show no significant effect after sphincterotomy. Further prospective trials evaluating therapeutic options are under way and their results are eagerly awaited.
Binge Drinking and Violence
Authors: Robert D. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risks and Benefits of Gene Therapy
Authors: Philip Noguchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Updated information on this topic from the Food and Drug Administration is available at http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2003/ANS01190.html.Although most of today's gene-therapy trials are targeted to cancer, there is renewed interest in pursuing the goal for which gene therapy was invented: the cure of genetic disease. Recent studies from France, the United Kingdom, and Italy have provided encouraging results in the treatment of several forms of a rare, devastating disease of infancy, collectively called severe combined immunodeficiency. Each form of this disease is caused by a mutation in a single gene. In these studies, a modified retrovirus was used to insert, in . . .
Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Review and Recent Developments
Authors: B. Safai, R. A. Good
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

influence the development and course of the disease through the effects of nutrition, repeated infections, and other insults?Kaposi's sarcoma is unique in that the lymphadenopathic type of the disease oc curs only in African children; in other parts of the world, childrenâ€"and adultsâ€"do not develop this form of KS.Exciting new information has resulted from electron microscopic studies of KS in tissue cultures and seroepidemiologic analyses.These have revealed that a spe cific association exists between cytomeg alovirus (CMV) and KS.This is interesting, given that the geographical distribution of KS in EquatorialAfrica is similar to that of Burkitt's lymphomaâ€"a malignancy closely linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBv).Our own observations and those of others clearly show a high incidence of second primary cancers, particularly lym phoreticular neoplasms in KS patients.This close association of lymphoreticular neo plasms and KS suggests that a tumor in ducer or promoter continues to operate in these individuals, and that the etiopatho genic mechanisms of lymphomas and KS are either common to both or are closely linked in a similar manner.That disturbed immunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of KS has been sug gested by reports of patients who devel oped KS while on immunosuppressive ther apies.Furthermore, a decreased immune responsiveness has also been observed in these patients.
Fluid Resuscitation in Sepsis
Authors: Bram Rochwerg, Waleed Alhazzani, Anees Sindi, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Lehana Thabane, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Wojciech Szczeklik, Fayez Alshamsi, Sultan Altayyar, Wang-Chun Ip, Guowei Li, Michael Wang, Anna Wludarczyk, Qi Zhou, Gordon H. Guyatt, Deborah J. Cook, Roman Jaeschke, Djillali Annane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of sepsis treatment. However, whether balanced or unbalanced crystalloids or natural or synthetic colloids confer a survival advantage is unclear.To examine the effect of different resuscitative fluids on mortality in patients with sepsis.MEDLINE, EMBASE, ACP Journal Club, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through March 2014.Randomized trials that evaluated different resuscitative fluids in adult patients with sepsis or septic shock and death. No language restrictions were applied.Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Risk of bias for individual studies and quality of evidence were assessed.14 studies (18916 patients) were included with 15 direct comparisons. Network meta-analysis at the 4-node level showed higher mortality with starches than with crystalloids (high confidence) and lower mortality with albumin than with crystalloids (moderate confidence) or starches (moderate confidence). Network meta-analysis at the 6-node level showed lower mortality with albumin than with saline (moderate confidence) and low-molecular-weight starch (low confidence) and with balanced crystalloids than with saline (low confidence) and low- and high-molecular-weight starches (moderate confidence).These trials were heterogeneous in case mix, fluids evaluated, duration of fluid exposure, and risk of bias. Imprecise estimates for several comparisons in this network meta-analysis contribute to low confidence in most estimates of effect.Among patients with sepsis, resuscitation with balanced crystalloids or albumin compared with other fluids seems to be associated with reduced mortality.The Hamilton Chapter of the Canadian Intensive Care Foundation and the Critical Care Medicine Residency Program and Critical Care Division Alternate Funding Plan at McMaster University.
NON-SPECIFIC PERFORATION OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: J. R. STRAW
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Perforation of the septum, either specific or non-specific, seems to have been considered of so little importance that few if any of our authors have given it more than a passing notice, in fact, all that I have consulted have dismissed it with only a paragraph or two at most. Before I located on the south shore of Lake Superior, nearly four years ago, I had been taught to believe that practically all perforations of the septum were of specific origin, and up to that time was satisfied with that theory, and for several months after locating in Ashland, Wis., I continued to treat my cases accordingly. While I was soon impressed by the large number of perforations I found, I also discovered a supposed satisfactory explanation for them. Several Indian reservations surrounding our city, the inhabitants of which I had no doubt from another and correct ancient teaching, were
Optimal Chemotherapy for Women With Breast Cancer: The Plot Thickens
Authors: Joseph L. Pater, Kathleen I. Pritchard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.12.067 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12637457 Optimal Chemotherapy for Women With Breast Cancer: The Plot Thickens Joseph L. PaterxJoseph L. PaterSearch for articles by this author , Kathleen I. PritchardxKathleen I. PritchardSearch for articles by this author Show More National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.12.067 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Optimal Chemotherapy for Women With Breast Cancer: The Plot Thickens." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(6), pp. 963–964© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Falling suicide rates in China mask emerging upward trends
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2014)

China’s suicide rates have fallen dramatically in recent years, largely as a result of urbanisation and economic prosperity, but the positive impact of these factors seems to be bottoming out, researchers in Hong Kong have warned. Moreover, they said that the overall decline in suicides masked worrying emerging trends in particular groups, most notably in elderly people.1

The overall suicide rate in China dropped substantially in the 2000s. From 1995 to 1999 the estimated mean national suicide rate was 23.2 suicides per 100 000 people per year,2 but by 2011 this had fallen to 9.8 per 100 000 per year.

Paul SF Yip, director of the Centre …
Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Single-Agent Paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with Single-Agent Gemcitabine or Vinorelbine for the Treatment of PS 2 Patients with Chemotherapy-Naïve Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mary E.R. O'Brien, Mark A. Socinski, Alexander Y. Popovich, Igor N. Bondarenko, Antoaneta Tomova, Borys T. Bilynsky˘ı, Yevhen S. Hotko, Valentin L. Ganul, Ippolit Y. Kostinsky, Amy J. Eisenfeld, Larissa Sandalic, Fred B. Oldham, Bruce Bandstra, Alan B. Sandler, Jack W. Singer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Specific accumulation and elimination kinetics of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane, tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol, and other persistent organochlorines in humans from Japan.
Authors: T B Minh, M Watanabe, S Tanabe, T Yamada, J Hata, S Watanabe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We examined human adipose tissue, liver, and bile from humans in Japan to understand the contamination status, specific accumulation, and elimination of two newly identified environmental contaminants, tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe), tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), and other persistent organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane compounds (CHLs). TCPMe and TCPMOH concentrations in Japanese human adipose tissue were slightly higher than those reported previously, indicating widespread exposure to these compounds in humans. Elevated residues of PCBs and DDTs are found in adipose tissue and liver. Concentrations in bile strongly correlated with concentrations in adipose fat and liver, which may suggest an equilibration in adipose fat/bile and liver/bile and possible biliary excretion of persistent organochlorines in humans. Composition of the organochlorines accumulated further indicates a metabolic capacity in humans higher than that of marine mammals. We observed age-dependent accumulation for TCPMe, TCPMOH, and other organochlorines, but there were no significant gender differences. p,p'-DDE and TCPMe were estimated to have low biliary excretion rate. Elimination potential of persistent organochlorines may be related to their octanol-water partition coefficient. The relationship between excretion rate and octanol-water partition coefficient may be used to predict the biliary excretion potential of some other lipophilic organochlorines such as dioxins and dibenzofurans in humans. The presence of organochlorines in bile suggests that the hepatic excretory system plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first study of accumulation and elimination of TCPMe and TCPMOH in humans.