tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is There a Role for Androgenic Anabolic Steroids in Medical Practice?
Authors: Adrian Sandra Dobs
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Formation in Injured Arteries by a Novel, Oral Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Giuseppa Gennaro, Catherine Ménard, Sophie-Élise Michaud, Denis Deblois, Alain Rivard
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are rapidly induced after arterial injury in different animal models. However, their precise role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal formation in vivo remains to be determined.We investigated the properties of a novel, selective inhibitor of the upstream kinase, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, that is orally active (PD0185625). In vitro, PD0185625 was shown to abrogate p44/p42 MAPK activation in VSMCs after serum stimulation. This was associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of VSMC proliferation. In vivo, PD0185625 was administered orally to rats (200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) beginning 2 days before balloon injury of the left carotid artery and for 2 weeks thereafter. Treatment with PD0185625 led to nearly complete inhibition of p44/p42 MAPK activation after balloon injury. This resulted in a significant decrease in VSMC proliferation (BrdU incorporation) at day 7 after injury. Moreover, neointimal formation was significantly reduced in PD0185625-treated animals at 14 and 28 days after arterial injury. We found that PD0185625 did not increase the rate of apoptotic cell death but prevented cell cycle progression and induced a G1 block.PD0185625 reduced neointimal formation after arterial injury. The mechanism involved inhibition of VSMC proliferation via a G1 block of the cell cycle. Orally active selective MAPK inhibitors could represent a novel therapeutic approach for vascular diseases.
Optimal search strategies for optimal motor solutions: Self-determination or informed guidance?
Authors: C. B. Walter, K. Kamm
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Impoverished resources may direct the pathologic central nervous system toward local solutions during ontogeny. The resultant motor behavior can be systemically optimal without being functionally optimal. Therapeutic intervention should focus on facilitating function (rather than “normalcy”) by encouraging behavioral exploration through appropriate combinations of task and environmental variations with respect to individual capabilities. Some health professions have already adopted this philosophy.
β-Blockers Before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Do Not Attenuate Postprocedural Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme Rise
Authors: Stephen G. Ellis, Sorin J. Brener, A. Michael Lincoff, David J. Moliterno, Patrick L. Whitlow, Jakob P. Schneider, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background β-blocker (BB) use reduces infarct size in spontaneously occurring nonreperfused infarcts but probably does not change infarct size in patients treated with reperfusion therapy. A recent observational study suggested that BB use concurrent with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) decreased the risk of creatine kinase (CK)-MB elevation. The cogency of such a conclusion is dependent on the ability to risk-adjust for the multiple differences in patients treated with and without BBs. Methods and Results Using propensity score and multivariate regression analyses, 6200 consecutive patients were analyzed to assess the relationship between BB use before PCI and per protocol-measured CK and CK-MB rise. There were several highly significant ( P &lt;0.001) differences between patients with and without BB treatment (eg, age, prior infarction, unstable angina). Maximum CK and CK-MB levels were higher in patients taking BBs (CK median, 95 U [interquartile range: 61, 175]; CK-MB, 3 U [2, 5]) than in patients not taking BBs (CK, 91 U [60, 157]; CK-MB, 3 U [2, 4]) ( P =0.011 and P =0.021 for CK and CK-MB, respectively). After adjustment for significant differences in baseline characteristics there was no difference in either maximum CK rise ( P =0.21) or maximum CK-MB rise ( P =0.99). Conclusions The results of this large observation study do not support the contention that BB use before PCI decreases myocardial injury.
WHO to strengthen rapid response against threat of flu pandemic
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The World Health Organization plans to establish a 100 member strong expert rapid response group that can be deployed at short notice to help contain an outbreak of human pandemic influenza. Keiji Fukuda, the acting cordinator of WHO's global influenza programme, told reporters that the health agency was initially trying to identify about 100 experts worldwide in epidemiology and laboratory and operational logistics.

“There will be intensive training of a number of individuals from around the world, and we will develop a roster of people who have received a great deal of training …
Treatment of Ureteral Stones: Comparison of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Endourologic Alternatives
Authors: Bora K&uuml;peli, Hasan Biri, Kenan &Idot;sen, Metin Onaran, Turgut Alkibay, &Uuml;st&uuml;nol Karao&gcaron;lan, &Idot;brahim Bozkirli
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Mild Thalassemia — A Guide to Therapy
Authors: David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Present methods of management of patients with Cooley's anemia are frustrating and often discouraging. Despite advances in transfusion technology, proper selection of patients for splenectomy and attempts to rid the body of excessive iron stores, most patients succumb to a combination of siderotic heart and hepatic failure between the ages of 10 and 15. This gloomy outlook notwithstanding, there are some individuals in certain families in whom the course of the illness is surprisingly benign. These patients with so called "thalassemia intermedia" may have mild disease from the very outset, or as a result of splenectomy.What is the basis . . .
Cervical Analgesic Discography
Authors: David A. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The cervical discogenic (painful-disk) syndrome consists of scapular pain radiating into the head, shoulder, and upper arm, often associated with paresthesias but without neurologic deficit. Plain roentgenograms or myelograms are normal or show degenerative changes. Positive-contrast discography has been useful but is subject to a high percentage of false-positive results roentgenographically and nonspecific pain patterns clinically. Analgesic discography more precisely confirms the diagnosis and more accurately locates the pain-producing disk. Injection of a local anesthetic into a painful disk produces transient symptomatic relief and full neck mobility. Its use during a two-year period in 71 consecutive discogenic patients followed by anterior cervical fusion resulted in a 93% excellent or good recovery rate. Analgesic discography is the most effective test for diagnosis and location in the painful-disk syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1713-1714, 1976)
Intravenous Followed by Oral Antimicrobial Therapy for Staphylococcal Endocarditis
Authors: RICHARD H. PARKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We have treated 35 cases of staphylococcal endocarditis in 33 patients with intravenous followed by oral antimicrobial therapy. All patients had three or more blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and all had cardiac murmurs characteristic of valvular insufficiency. The mean total duration of antimicrobial therapy was 42.4 d, consisting of a mean of 16.4 d of intravenous therapy followed by a mean of 26 d of oral therapy. Intravenous antimicrobial therapy included sodium nafcillin (32 cases; mean dose 9.2 g daily) and clindamycin (three cases). Oral therapy included dicloxacillin or oxacillin (30 cases; mean dose 4.5 g daily), clindamycin (four cases), and potassium penicillin V (one case). Serum bactericidal titers using the blood culture isolates showed similar activity with both intravenous and oral drugs. All patients treated with this sequential intravenous and oral regimen were cured. A regimen of initial intravenous followed by oral antimicrobial therapy, monitored with serum antibacterial activity studies, is a safe, effective, well-tolerated, and economical treatment for staphylococcal endocarditis.
Optional Medical Course in Liberal Arts School.
Authors: Geo. W. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, Feb. 29, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Knowing thatThe Journalis interested in anything that tends to best equip the physician for his profession, I wish, as an alumnus and member of the board of trustees of Wabash College—one of the oldest literary colleges in the middle west—to state throughThe Journalthe following optional course of study which has recently been adopted by this institution for students who propose entering professional schools: A four years' course of study in which three years shall be prescribed work, all electives being reserved for the fourth year. Students taking this option will be permitted, if they so desire, to pursue their fourth year in attendance at a professional school approved by the trustees of the college; retaining in the meantime their college standing and responsibility and being eligible to graduation with their class on presentation of proper credits earned in this
Surrounding Greenness and Exposure to Air Pollution During Pregnancy: An Analysis of Personal Monitoring Data
Authors: Payam Dadvand, Audrey de Nazelle, Margarita Triguero-Mas, Anna Schembari, Marta Cirach, Elmira Amoly, Francesc Figueras, Xavier Basagaña, Bart Ostro, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Green spaces are reported to improve health status, including beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes. Despite the suggestions of air pollution-related health benefits of green spaces, there is no available evidence on the impact of greenness on personal exposure to air pollution.We investigated the association between surrounding greenness and personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women and to explore the potential mechanisms, if any, behind this association.In total, 65 rounds of sampling were carried out for 54 pregnant women who resided in Barcelona during 2008-2009. Each round consisted of a 2-day measurement of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM₂.₅) and a 1-week measurement of nitric oxides collected simultaneously at both the personal and microenvironmental levels. The study participants were also asked to fill out a time-microenvironment-activity diary during the sampling period. We used satellite retrievals to determine the surrounding greenness as the average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a buffer of 100 m around each maternal residential address. We estimated the impact of surrounding greenness on personal exposure levels, home-outdoor and home-indoor pollutant levels, and maternal time-activity.Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower personal, home-indoor, and home-outdoor PM₂.₅ levels, and more time spent at home-outdoor.We found lower levels of personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women residing in greener areas. This finding may be partly explained by lower home-indoor pollutant levels and more time spent in less polluted home-outdoor environment by pregnant women in greener areas.
Career Decisions-Reply
Authors: David M. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Pollner states that he strongly disagrees with our views but does not specify which views. Furthermore, his comments are not addressed to the substance of the article. The only inference we can derive from his comments is that he is disappointed that we didn't do a different study by examining only individuals accepted to medical schools. While we agree that this type of study and others addressing the selection criteria of medical school admissions committees are important, we chose to study unaccepted applicants. Interestingly, the findings from the study, namely, that 27% of the respondents are in medical school—22% in the United States, and those findings related to advice seeking and kinds of advice given are important in evaluating the selection process. We do not agree with Dr Pollner's statement that "Studying career decisions of unaccepted applicants to medical schools and finding ways of attracting such rejected
Fungal Stains in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: ROSALYN E. STAHL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985Fungal Stains in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeROSALYN E. STAHL, M.D., RAWHI A. OMAR, Ph.D., GARY P. WORMSER, M.D.ROSALYN E. STAHL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RAWHI A. OMAR, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, GARY P. WORMSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-413_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It has been recommended that acid-fast staining be done routinely on all tissues taken from patients with or suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1, 2). We further suggest that fungal stains be done on all tissues taken from these patients.We recently received a lymph node biopsy specimen from a 28-year old male prisoner in which 90% of the node was replaced by Kaposi's sarcoma. A Gomori silver methenamine stain, however, also showed budding yeasts within the lesion that stained positively with mucicarmine. As shown by this case, determination of a clear-cut diagnosis by a...References1. COHENSAMOSZUKBUSCHLAGIOS RMDM. Occult infections with M. intracellulare in bone-marrow biopsy specimens from patients with AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1475-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CROXSONEBANKSMILDVAN TOD. Atypical mycobacteria and Kaposi's sarcoma in the same biopsy specimens. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1476. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York Medical College Valhalla, NY 10595 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNeurologic Complications of HIV and AIDSHematologic Abnormalities in AIDSFungal Infections in AIDSCutaneous Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 413-413KeywordsAIDSBiopsyKaposi sarcomaLesionsLymph nodesStaining Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Regulating nursing homes: The challenge of regulating care for older people in Australia
Authors: J. Braithwaite
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is the first in a series of three articles 

From worldwide accounts in the media of the abuse and neglect of frail elderly people both in nursing homes and in community care it seems that Western governments and civil society are doing badly at meeting the challenges of caring for older people. Although horror stories provide evidence that the quantity and quality of services for frail elderly people need to improve, when they are put into historical perspective, the care of elderly people is a success story for both welfare and regulation. However, it is also one of failure for the neo-liberal policies of privatised care. (Neo-liberal policies seek to shift what were functions of the state to the private sector and the individual.) Australia provides a good example of this (box).

#### Care of frail elderly people in Australia

1788-1888 — The convict state: poor elderly people are incarcerated in asylums

1888-1988 — Rise of the welfare state: institutional care for elderly people becomes less prison-like

1950-1988 — Rise of the regulatory state: state government increases its role in inspecting nursing homes and setting standards

1988-1996 — Takeover of the regulatory state: Commonwealth government takes over and standards shift towards evaluating outcomes for residents; there is also a shift towards providing care at home and in the community

1996-2000 — Deregulation: experiments in deregulation and privatisation of care of elderly people

Before the welfare state existed in the West, families who were financially comfortable cared for their older relatives at home, often with love and with the responsive support of the family doctor; there was, however, often a cost to women who bore the burden of care. In some cases there was domestic neglect and abuse. Elderly people who were destitute were systematically neglected and abused during their incarceration in asylums. In Australia, poor elderly people …
Inability of mitogen-activated lymphocytes obtained from patients with malignant primary intracranial tumors to express high affinity interleukin 2 receptors.
Authors: L H Elliott, W H Brooks, T L Roszman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Patients with primary malignant brain tumors manifest a variety of abnormalities in cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Diminished T cell reactivity has been shown in these patients to be linked to deficiencies in interleukin 2 (IL-2) production that cannot be overcome by exogenous IL-2. In this study, specific binding of radiolabeled IL-2 to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from brain tumor patients demonstrates that the number of high affinity interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) is greatly reduced. FACS analysis indicates that the relative density of the p55 protein (Tac protein) is lower on the mitogen-activated lymphocytes obtained from patients than on comparably treated lymphocytes from normal individuals. These data indicate that mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes obtained from patients have fewer functional high affinity IL-2R principally because of the failure to express sufficient levels of the p55 protein for association with the p75 protein. Northern analysis of total RNA isolated from mitogen-stimulated T cells from patients demonstrates normal levels of steady state mRNA, which codes for the p55 protein. Moreover, there is no defect in the postranslational processing of the primary translation product of this mRNA suggesting that normal levels of the p55 protein are produced in activated T cells from patients.
HTLV-III Antibody Testing in Hong Kong
Authors: R. S. Chang, R. C. K. Chan, G. L. French, S. Leong, K. H. Mak, J. R. Carlson, J. Yee, M. B. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hong Kong's current population is estimated at 5.4 million; about 90% are ethnic Chinese. It has a thriving tourist industry, with about 17 million arrivals and departures in 1984. Homosexual practice is illegal. Virtually no information regarding the number and sexual behavior of the homosexuals in this city is available. Prostitution is also illegal, although the service of prostitutes is readily obtainable in certain districts. Just how rigorously laws governing homosexualityand prostitution are enforced is not known. Because of the extensive exchange of visitors between Hong Kong and countries with high prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infections would be expected to be present in Hong Kong. We have therefore initiated a study to assess the frequency of HTLV-III antibodies among residents of this city. <h3>Study.—</h3> Ten groups of subjects were tested (Table). All serum samples were collected in
French angst over nuclear power
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The French establishment's response to the publication of a study linking childhood leukaemia with environmental exposure to waste from a nuclear reprocessing plant in Normandy ( BMJ 1997;314:101-6) was like an immunological reaction: it was very rapid and attempted to reject a foreign body that interfered with one of its functions.



The nuclear industry provides France with 80% of its power

THOMAS RAUPACH/STILL PICTURES



The antigen trigger was an article by Dominique Pobel and Jean-Francois Viel, epidemiologists at the University of Besancon, which suggested a causal relation between the incidence of leukaemia and exposure to weak doses of radiation around the La Hague nuclear waste processing centre. The establishment, sensitive about any criticism concerning France's nuclear industry, which provides the country with 80% of its electrical power, immediately went on the defence.

INSERM, the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, faxed …
Molecular analysis of a variant type of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy showing cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal tract signs.
Authors: H Furuya, K Yoshioka, H Sasaki, Y Sakaki, M Nakazato, H Matsuo, A Nakadai, S Ikeda, N Yanagisawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

A Japanese family with atypical type I familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) in Iiyama, Japan was studied. Most of the family members have dysfunctions in the central nervous system, in addition to typical symptoms of type I FAP. The transthyretin (TTR, also called prealbumin) gene of the atypical FAP(FAP-IY) was analyzed with recombinant DNA techniques and a RIA method. FAP-IY was found to have the mutation responsible for the methionine-for-valine substitution at position 30 of TTR, as in the case of typical type I FAP. However, analysis of DNA polymorphisms in the TTR locus showed that FAP-IY has a genetic background differing from that of the typical type I FAP. These observations lead to the consideration that a genetic factor(s) involved in the dysfunction of the central nervous system may locate in a chromosome region in close proximity to the TTR gene.
749-5 Reduced Complexity of R-R Interval Dynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Heikki V. Huikuri, Vesa Jokinen, Tapio Seppänen, Matti Niemelä, K.E. Juhani Airaksinen, Markku K. Linnaluoto, Agustin Castellanos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
"ACUTE EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY"
Authors: Hugo Ehrenfest
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —Drs. M. Bernard Brahdy and Maurice Lenarsky described inThe Journal, July 15, three new observations of acute epidemic poliomyelitis complicating pregnancy. Justly, it seems, they assume that many of these cases remain unreported, though undeniably a larger number of reported cases would greatly aid the obstetrician in solving various problems presented by a pregnant woman suddenly exhibiting the symptoms of poliomyelitis. This valid argument induces me to place another case on record:  Mrs. E. B., when seen, Jan. 5, 1925, was 18 years old and had been married six months. She last menstruated at the expected time, Nov. 16, 1924. A diagnosis of normal intrauterine pregnancy was made. The physical condition was normal in every respect. The time of expected delivery was August 23. Pregnancy progressed normally.  June 30, general malaise developed, and the patient's temperature was 100. Next day the temperature varied between 99.5