tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Mediated Release of a Small‐Molecule Modulator of Bacterial Biofilm Formation: A Non‐Bactericidal Approach to Inhibiting Biofilm Formation in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Authors: Adam H. Broderick, Anthony S. Breitbach, Reto Frei, Helen E. Blackwell, David M. Lynn
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract We report an approach to preventing bacterial biofilm formation that is based on the surface‐mediated release of 5,6‐dimethyl‐2‐aminobenzimidazole (DMABI), a potent and non‐bactericidal small‐molecule inhibitor of bacterial biofilm growth. Our results demonstrate that DMABI can be encapsulated in thin films of a model biocompatible polymer [poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide), PLG] and be released in quantities that inhibit the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by up to 75–90% on surfaces that otherwise support robust biofilm growth. This approach enables the release of this new anti‐biofilm agent for over one month, and it can be used to inhibit biofilm growth on both film‐coated surfaces and other adjacent surfaces (e.g., on other uncoated surfaces and at air/water interfaces). Our results demonstrate a non‐bactericidal approach to the prevention of biofilm growth and provide proof of concept using a clinically relevant human pathogen. In contrast to coatings designed to kill bacteria on contact, this approach should also permit the design of strategically placed depots that disseminate DMABI more broadly and exert inhibitory effects over larger areas. In a broader context, the non‐bactericidal nature of DMABI could also provide opportunities to address concerns related to evolved resistance that currently face approaches based on the release of traditional microbicidal agents (e.g., antibiotics). Finally, the results of initial in vitro mammalian cell culture studies indicate that DMABI is not toxic to cells at concentrations required for strong anti‐biofilm activity, suggesting that this new agent is well suited for further investigation in biomedical and personal care contexts.
Little people of America.
Authors: I H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

It had taken over a year of letter writing, grant applications, and visa petitioning, but as the lift doors opened I knew I had finally arrived. . . . Family groups were sitting in the waiting area and among them were several people clearly affected by dwarfism?the little people of America as I came to know them. This was the Department of Medical Genetics at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA, and I was beginning my student elective as a clinical clerk, seeing patients with genetically determined disorders. Hupkins, as it is affection? ately known, is a 1000-bed hospital, serving both a large residential section of east Baltimore and acting as a referral centre for rare and complex conditions. In its century of existence it has earned world renown as a teaching and research hospital. The original nineteenth-century red-brick hospital with its marble floors and cupola-roofed entrance has been skilfully incorporated into the modern glass, steel, and concrete clinical buildings. The influence of William Osier, the first professor of medicine, is still strongly in evidence, and during my visit I was to encounter just one of the syndromes originally described by him. Subsequent physicians there have lent their names to numerous clinical signs, while surgeons have pioneered piocedures from the introduction of surgical gloves to the correction of congenital heart malformations. Even the patients at Hopkins have achieved world fame?for example, the cervical tumour of Henrietta Lacks has become the source of the ubiquitous HeLa cell.
Increase frequency of patients with heart failure caused by ischaemic and/or hypertension diseases during wartime 1999 in Belgrade
Authors: Zorana Vasiljevic, Predrag Mitrovic, Gordana Matic, Biljana Milentijevic, A. Karadzic, Tanja Jozic, Dubravka Rajic, Branislav Stefanovic
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Defibrillator Failures
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Defibrillator Working Group of the Food and Drug Administration reviewed data from the Medical Device Reporting System and a recent five-state survey, as well as information presented at two Food and Drug Administration—sponsored conferences. These data include 156 reports of defibrillator problems to the Emergency Care Research Institute Problem Reporting Network, 495 reports of device problems to the Medical Device Reporting System, 676 reports of "defibrillator failure" in the five-state survey, 594 inspections of in-service defibrillators, and site visits to 212 emergency care facilities. The Defibrillator Working Group concluded that the frequency of defibrillator failures during clinical use may be unacceptably high. While some failures are attributable to component malfunctions, evidence suggests that errors in operator use and errors in defibrillator care and maintenance account for a high proportion of defibrillator failures. Inadequate initial training and cursory continuing education increases the chances of operator errors at the moment when correct operation is needed most. Failure of operators to perform daily equipment checks leads to poor familiarity with the equipment and failure to identify component failures or damaged devices. Many defibrillators and batteries are kept in service beyond an expected useful life, given their level of clinical use. In smaller hospitals and emergency medical services systems periodic maintenance responsibilities are not always appropriately delegated between qualified engineering personnel and defibrillator operators, and some systems completely lack services from clinical engineers. The objectives of the Defibrillator Working Group are to make personnel who use defibrillators more aware of the potential for errors in operator performance and in periodic maintenance and to recommend improvements in training, maintenance, and defibrillator design. This article presents the initial observations and recommendations of the working group. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1019-1025)
Abstract 675: Effect of Progesterone on Antioxidant Activity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Huyen Nguyen, Viqar Syed
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Progesterone (P4) has been implicated as a protective factor for epithelial ovarian and endometrial cancers, yet little is known about its mechanism of action. We previously reported that pregnancy-equivalent doses of P4 inhibited the growth of normal and malignant human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) and endometrial cells. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status have been observed in cancer cells. Here, we investigated if P4-induces cell death by modulating major antioxidant enzymes. The exposure of ovarian and endometrial cancer cell cultures to 10−6 M P4 induced time-dependent increases in early and late apoptotic cells and activation of caspase-3. A general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD effectively blocked the P4- induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1) and copper and zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) were high in cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells with progesterone at 10−8 M for a period of 72 h induced significant loss of GPX1, NQO1 and CuZnSOD protein expression. The inhibitory action of progesterone was blocked by the specific progesterone antagonist (miferpristone, 10−5 M), confirming P4 specificity. Further investigation on the regulation of antioxidant enzymes by P4 may provide new insights into P4's anticancer activities and facilitate the development of new strategies to use P4 as an anticancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 675.
Enhancing FDA Inspections
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Financial Incentives to Control Hypertension in Patients—Reply
Authors: Laura A. Petersen, LeChauncy D. Woodard, Tracy H. Urech
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biogenesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulins. II. Two forms of the human alpha chain translated in vitro and processed in vivo as distinct polypeptide chains.
Authors: J M McCune, S M Fu, G Blobel, H G Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Structural differences between alpha m (ther heavy chain of membrane IgA) and alpha s (the heavy chain of secretory IgA) were investigated. Messenger RNA from the human B lymphoblastoid line 32a.1, expressing both membrane and secretory IgA, was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system, resulting in the synthesis of two primary translation products for the alpha chain, that differed in molecular weight. In vivo pulse and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that two early biosynthetic forms of the alpha chain were subsequently modified to yield three intracellular forms. As shown by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) treatment, these forms represent two alpha polypeptide chains, with varying compositions of N-linked oligosaccharides. Of the two forms of the alpha chain remaining after endo H treatment, only the form with the lowest molecular weight was associated with cells after long chase periods. The possible significance of this difference from the results with mu and delta chains is discussed. These results indicate that alpha m is distinguished from an alpha s by a difference in both primary structure and intracellular processing. The functional consequences of this distinction, previously shown for the heavy chain of membrane IgM (micrometer) and heavy chain of secretory IgM (microseconds), may reflect a principle common to the secretory and membrane forms of all immunoglobulin heavy chain classes.
Adjuvant autologous renal tumour cell vaccine and risk of tumour progression in patients with renal-cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy: phase III, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dieter Jocham, Axel Richter, Lothar Hoffmann, Klaus Iwig, Dirk Fahlenkamp, Günther Zakrzewski, Eberhard Schmitt, Thomas Dannenberg, Walter Lehmacher, Jörn von Wietersheim, Christian Doehn
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Three variants of concealed bigeminy.
Authors: M N Levy, D S Adler, J R Levy
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Long electrocardiographic strips were analyzed from five patients who exhibited periods of typical "concealed bigeminy," i. e., recurrent unifocal extrasystoles which were separated from one another by odd numbers of normally conducted sinus beats. However, in each of these patients, there were periods in which one of three different variants of concealed bigeminy was observed. Three patients displayed an "even number" variant; i. e., there were large numbers of consecutive extrasystoles which were separated exclusively or preponderantly by even rather than by odd numbers of sinus beats. One other patient exhibited an "interpolated extrasystole" variant: those interectopic intervals which were initiated by an interpolated extrasystole contained an even number of sinus beats, whereas all other interectopic intervals contained an odd number. In the fifth patient, the distribution of the numbers of sinus beats separating extrasystoles was such as to suggest a periodic fluctuation between the classical forms of concealed bigeminy and concealed trigeminy; i. e., a "combined bigeminy and trigeminy" variant.
The prevalence of adult onset wheeze: longitudinal study
Authors: C. Bodner, S. Ross, G. Douglas, J. Little, J. Legge, J. Friend, D. Godden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To study trends in multiple pregnancies not explained by changes in maternal age and parity patterns.Design: Trends in population based figures for multiple pregnancies in Denmark studied from complete national records on parity history and vital status.Population: 497 979 Danish women and 803 019 pregnancies, 1980-94.Main outcome measures: National rates of multiple pregnancies, infant mortality, and stillbirths controlled for maternal age and parity.Special emphasis on primiparous women >30 years of age, who are most likely to undergo fertility treatment. Results:The national incidence of multiple pregnancies increased 1.7-fold during 1980-94, the increase primarily in 1989-94 and almost exclusively in primiparous women aged >30 years, for whom the adjusted population based twinning rate increased 2.7-fold and the triplet rate 9.1-fold.During 1989-94, the adjusted yearly increase in multiple pregnancies for these women was 19% (95% confidence interval 16% to 21%) and in dizygotic twin pregnancies 25% (21% to 28%).The proportion of multiple births among infant deaths in primiparous women >30 years increased from 11.5% to 26.9% during the study period.The total infant mortality, however, did not increase for these women because of a simultaneous significant decrease in infant mortality among singletons.Conclusions: A relatively small group of women has drastically changed the overall national rates of multiple pregnancies.The introduction of new treatments to enhance fertility has probably caused these changes and has also affected the otherwise decreasing trend in infant mortality.Consequently, the resources, both economical and otherwise, associated with these treatments go well beyond those invested in specific fertility enhancing treatments.
Simplifying corneal surface regeneration using a biodegradable synthetic membrane and limbal tissue explants
Authors: Pallavi Deshpande, Charanya Ramachandran, Farshid Sefat, Indumathi Mariappan, Claire Johnson, Robert McKean, Melanie Hannah, Virender S. Sangwan, Frederik Claeyssens, Anthony J. Ryan, Sheila MacNeil
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
FDA Panel OKs 3 Antipsychotic Drugs for Pediatric Use, Cautions Against Overuse
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary function after prolonged mechanical ventilation with high concentrations of oxygen.
Authors: C E Gillbe, J C Salt, M A Branthwaite
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The mortality and morbidity resulting from mechanical ventilation with high concentrations of inspired oxygen has been investigated in two groups of patients. Ninety-one patients requiring mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disease included six (group 1) in whom death was attributed directly to respiratory failure but only three in whom oxygen toxicity might have been relevant. Review of the clinical and postmortem findings suggests that oxygen was probably not a contributory factor in two of these three. A second group of 16 patients who survived prolonged mechanical ventilation with oxygen in excess of 40% (average 14.5 days) included five who had been ventilated with 75% oxygen or more for an average of 38 hours. Lung function studies carried out on this second group of patients approximately one year later demonstrated that all but three had significant defects in either ventilation, gas transfer, or both. Oxygen toxicity was thought to be a likely cause in one and a possible contributory factor in three more. It is suggested that the adverse effects of oxygen on the alveolar epithelium are rarely of practical importance in hypoxaemic patients requiring mechanical ventilation but disturbance to the pulmonary defences against infection may well be of greater importance. The fear of inducing oxygen toxicity should not be allowed to interfere with the relief of arterial hypoxaemia in ventilated patients.
Surrogate Markers of Disease Studied as Means of Determining AIDS Drugs' Effectiveness
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ENOUGH EVIDENCE may exist to approve two analogues of zidovudine ([AZT] Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC). At issue is whether surrogate markers of disease progression, like CD4 cell counts, can substitute for clinical end points like death. If so, data from ongoing trials might be collated into a convincing case. If not, it could be 2 years or more before traditional criteria are met. The drugs ddC (dideoxycytidine, Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc, Nutley, NJ) and ddI (didanosine [formerly called dideoxyinosine], Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) inhibit viral replication as does zidovudine, which is still the only licensed drug that fights the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) linked with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Preliminary data show clear-cut drug activity," says Margaret Fischl, MD, who studies all three drugs as an investigator for the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Md) AIDS Clinical Trials Group. All three can cause peripheral neuropathy. But ddI
The Lysosome: A Role in Disease
Authors: M. ANTHONY VERITY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Increasing interest in elucidating the role of the lysosome in intracellular metabolic economy has resulted in a deeper understanding of some inborn errors of metabolism, as well as a clearer definition of the intracellular vacuolar apparatus and the role of lysosomes in intracellular drug action and possible specific chemotherapeutic actions. The lysosomal system plays a key role in Pompe's disease (glycogenosis type II). The effect of a selective deficiency of lysosomal acid maltase (acid α-glucosidase) on muscle morphology and biochemistry is shown. The activity of other lysosomal acid hydrolases in muscle is significantly increased. Change in intracellular activity and translocation of primary and secondary lysosomes after membrane activation by steroids are discussed, with data showing the intranuclear migration of lysosomal-like particles, suggesting a mechanism for template activation. Lysosomes play a decisive role in initiating nucleocytoplasmic exchange of information, and they may play a role in genetic derepression, with obvious repercussions in normal and abnormal cell growth. The lysosome model in reference to acid hydrolase induction, especially endocytic and phagolysosomal activity, has been examined.
The GPCR modulator protein RAMP2 is essential for angiogenesis and vascular integrity
Authors: Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo, Takayuki Sakurai, Akiko Kamiyoshi, Hisaka Kawate, Nobuyoshi Iinuma, Takahiro Yoshizawa, Teruhide Koyama, Junichi Fukuchi, Satoshi Iimuro, Nobuo Moriyama, Hayato Kawakami, Toshinori Murata, Kenji Kangawa, Ryozo Nagai, Takayuki Shindo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide involved both in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and in circulatory homeostasis. The high-affinity AM receptor is composed of receptor activity–modifying protein 2 or 3 (RAMP2 or -3) and the GPCR calcitonin receptor–like receptor. Testing our hypothesis that RAMP2 is a key determinant of the effects of AM on the vasculature, we generated and analyzed mice lacking RAMP2. Similar to AM–/– embryos, RAMP2–/– embryos died in utero at midgestation due to vascular fragility that led to severe edema and hemorrhage. Vascular ECs in RAMP2–/– embryos were severely deformed and detached from the basement membrane. In addition, the abnormally thin arterial walls of these mice had a severe disruption of their typically multilayer structure. Expression of tight junction, adherence junction, and basement membrane molecules by ECs was diminished in RAMP2–/– embryos, leading to paracellular leakage and likely contributing to the severe edema observed. In adult RAMP2+/– mice, reduced RAMP2 expression led to vascular hyperpermeability and impaired neovascularization. Conversely, ECs overexpressing RAMP2 had enhanced capillary formation, firmer tight junctions, and reduced vascular permeability. Our findings in human cells and in mice demonstrate that RAMP2 is a key determinant of the effects of AM on the vasculature and is essential for angiogenesis and vascular integrity.