tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Care and HIV Screening-Reply
Authors: Mary E. Guinan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Kaunitz et al report very valuable information concerning screening for HIV antibody in a prenatal clinic in Jacksonville, Fla. It is of interest to note the remarkably similar results of Del Tempelis et al,<sup>1</sup>who reported that 5.3 per 1000 women applying for a marriage license and 6.7 per 1000 women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Alameda County in the San Francisco Bay area were positive for HIV antibody. It is not clear whether these rates of positive antibody are characteristic of all United States cities or only of these areas. These data, however, are striking enough to argue strongly for counseling and screening for all sexually active women of childbearing age. I agree with the authors that expanding screening to the family planning setting is a more effective way to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Although identifying women with HIV infection and counseling them
HIGHER CORONARY WALL SHEAR STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER IMPAIRMENT IN MICROVASCULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NON–OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Parham Eshtehardi, Michel T Corban, Jin Suo, Marina Piccinelli, Lucas H Timmins, Tiziano Passerini, Emad Rasoul–Arzrumly, Michael C McDaniel, Girum Mekonnen, Arshed A Quyyumi, Alessandro Veneziani, Don P Giddens, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cellular Neurophysiology and Integration: An Interpretive Introduction
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Good organization, clear writing, and the judicious paring of difficult mathematical and physical chemical concepts make this an excellent textbook of neuronal electrophysiology, maximally simplified. Following a brief consideration of the electrochemical basis of the membrane resting potential, the author compares the decremental change of the cell membrane with the propagated spike potential of the axon. An extremely detailed chapter reviews the way sense organs translate environmental events into changes in axonal firing rates. After a discussion of the synapse, the author examines the manner in which neuronal cellular activity is summated in grosser electrical phenomena such as the evoked potential. Much of our knowledge of neuronal interaction has come from the study of simple organisms, and one chapter reviews the nervous system of the mollusk<i>Aplysia</i>. The experimental methods by which knowledge was gained as well as our present understanding of how neurons work and how they communicate with
Usual Alcohol Consumption and Arterial Oxygen Desaturation During Sleep
Authors: T. Tanigawa
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy and tolerability of antiasthma herbal medicine intervention in adult patients with moderate-severe allergic asthma
Authors: Ming-Chun Wen, Chun-Hua Wei, Zhao-Qiu Hu, Kamal Srivastava, Jimmy Ko, Su-Ting Xi, Dong-Zhen Mu, Ji-Bin Du, Guo-Hua Li, Sylvan Wallenstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Nitric oxide plays a key role in the suppressive activity of tolerogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Liana Verinaud, Luidy Kazuo Issayama, Fábio Zanucoli, Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Thiago Alves da Costa, Rosária Di Gangi, Amanda Pires Bonfanti, Isadora Tassinari Ferreira, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira, Dagmar Ruth Stach Machado, Rodolfo Thomé
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
A Literary Endorser.
Authors: Geo. N. Kreider
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Springfield, Ill., June 21, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me to call your attention to the following facts and enlist your coöperation in assisting this gentleman in a way that it seems to me he richly deserves from our profession. One of the most glaring frauds of this decade has been an appliance known as "Electropoise," advertised in<i>Harper's Monthly</i>and other leading publications. The sale of this appliance has been fostered by the certificate given its promoters by one W. H. DePuy, assistant editor for some time of the New York<i>Christian Advocate</i>, whose official position on one of the leading religious papers of the country added some weight to his statements. Recently I received an advertisement of "The University of Literature," edited by W. H. DePuy, A.M., D.D., LL.D., who I find is the clerical endorser of Electropoise. I wish you would call the attention of the 125,000
Clonal integration and expression of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in carriers detected by polymerase chain reaction and inverse PCR
Authors: Koichi Ohshima, Yasuo Mukai, Hiroshi Shiraki, Junji Suzumiya, Koutaro Tashiro, Masahiro Kikuchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a neoplasm of mature helper (CD4) T lymphocytes, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) has been suggested to be the causative virus of ATL. HTLV-I integrates its proviruses into random sites in host chromosomal DNA. Clonal integration has been observed in patients with ATL, including smoldering, chronic, and acute states. However, random and/or polyclonal integration has only been reported in a few asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers. To clarify the clonality of HTLV-I-infected cells in carriers, we used an inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR), which is more sensitive than Southern blot analysis. We used the peripheral blood momonuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 asymptomatic carriers and the separated CD4-positive cells. No cases showed either a monoclonal or polyclonal integration of the HTLV-I provirus by Southern blot. But, using IPCR, 7 of 16 cases showed either mono- or oligoclonal integration. In addition, the populations of clonal provirus in the total PBMC were frequently different from those in the CD4-positive cells. Three cases showed expression of HTLV-I tax/rex mRNA in the total PBMC, but no such expression was found in CD4-positive cells. In this study, an unexpected frequency of clonal HTLV-I provirus DNA was observed in HTLV-I carriers. These findings indicate that the clonal but nonmalignant proliferation of HTLV-I-infected cells already occurs even in HTLV-I carriers, and therefore that some other step is necessary to induce malignant proliferation. Am. J. Hemato. 54:306–312, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
UK came top in first round of European Research Council grants
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Just weeks after completing its first ever “advanced grants” competition for experienced scientists, the European Research Council has called for proposals for the next round of funding, with winners eligible for grants of up to €3.5m (£2.9m; $4.4m) for five years.

In the first round the council, which was launched in February 2007, awarded 275 grants worth €542m.

About a third of the grants were for the life sciences, which were broken down into nine sections, including genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, and biology; neurosciences and neural disorders; immunity and infection; …
Developing biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy trials: do potential disease phenotypes hold promise? – Authors' reply
Authors: Steven M Greenberg, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Geert Jan Biessels, Mark van Buchem, Charlotte Cordonnier, Jin-Moo Lee, Joan Montaner, Julie A Schneider, Eric E Smith, Meike Vernooij, David J Werring
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2014)
Cognitive modulation of the cerebral processing of human oesophageal sensation using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: L J Gregory
Journal: Gut (2003)

Background: While cortical processing of visceral sensation has been described, the role that cognitive factors play in modulating this processing remains unclear. Aim: To investigate how selective and divided attention modulate the cerebral processing of oesophageal sensation. Methods: In seven healthy volunteers (six males, mean age 33 years; ranging from 24 to 41 years old) from the general community, phasic visual and oesophageal (non-painful balloon distension) stimuli were presented simultaneously. During the selective attention task, subjects were instructed to press a button either to a change in frequency of oesophageal or visual stimuli. During a divided attention task, subjects received simultaneous visual and oesophageal stimuli and were instructed to press a button in response to a change in frequency of both stimuli. Results: Selectively focussing attention on oesophageal stimuli activated the visceral sensory and cognitive neural networks (primary and secondary sensory cortices and anterior cingulate cortex respectively) while selective attention to visual stimuli primarily activated the visual cortex. When attention was divided between the two sensory modalities, more brain regions in the sensory and cognitive domains were utilised to process oesophageal stimuli in comparison to those employed to process visual stimuli (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Selective and divided attention to visceral stimuli recruits more neural resources in both the sensory and cognitive domains than attention to visual stimuli. We provide neurobiological evidence that demonstrates the biological importance placed on visceral sensations and demonstrate the influence of cognitive factors such as attention on the cerebral processing of visceral sensation.
Measurement of infarct size and percentage myocardium infarcted in a dog preparation with single photon-emission computed tomography, thallium-201, and indium 111-monoclonal antimyosin Fab.
Authors: L L Johnson, K S Lerrick, J Coromilas, D W Seldin, P D Esser, J M Zimmerman, A M Keller, P O Alderson, J T Bigger, P J Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Single photon-emission tomography (SPECT) and indium 111-labeled monoclonal antimyosin Fab fragments were used to measure myocardial infarct size in 12 dogs, six subjected to balloon catheter-induced coronary artery occlusion for 6 hr (late reperfusion) and six subjected to occlusion with reperfusion at 2 hr (early reperfusion). Tomographic imaging was performed 24 hr after the intravenous injection of labeled Fab fragments with the use of a dual-head SPECT camera with medium-energy collimators. Immediately after the first tomographic scan, thallium-201 was injected into nine of 12 dogs and imaging was repeated. Estimated infarct size in grams was calculated from transaxially reconstructed, normalized, and background-corrected indium SPECT images with the use of a threshold technique for edge detection. Estimated noninfarcted myocardium in grams was calculated from obliquely reconstructed thallium SPECT images by a similar method. The animals were killed and infarct size in grams and true infarct size as a percentage of total left ventricular myocardial volume were measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Estimated infarct size from indium SPECT images showed an excellent correlation with true infarct size (r = .95, SEE = 4.1 g). Estimated percentage myocardium infarcted was calculated by dividing estimated infarct size from indium images by the sum of estimated infarct size plus estimated noninfarcted myocardium obtained from thallium images. Correlation between the estimated percentage of myocardium infarcted and true percentage of myocardium infarcted was excellent (r = .93, SEE = 4.4%). We conclude that dual-isotope SPECT with indium 111-monoclonal antimyosin antibodies and thallium-201 can accurately estimate infarct size and percentage myocardium infarcted.
The Rehabilitation of Patients Totally Paralyzed below the Waist: With Special Reference to Making Them Ambulatory and Capable of Earning Their Living
Authors: Donald Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

END-result figures on patients that have been paralyzed as the result of an injury to the spinal cord or cauda equina are, as far as I know, not presently available. There is a general impression, however, that prior to the onset of the Second World War the mortality among this group of patients was high, invalidism was extreme, and any rehabilitation was purely fortuitous. Recently, the general outlook has become more optimistic. There is a vague belief that possibly some of them can be rehabilitated and their invalidism diminished. This is usually qualified, however, by the statement that, of course, . . .
In vivo delivery of peptides and Toll-like receptor ligands by mannose-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles induces prophylactic and therapeutic anti-tumor immune responses in a melanoma model
Authors: Joana M. Silva, Eva Zupancic, Gaëlle Vandermeulen, Vanessa G. Oliveira, Ana Salgado, Mafalda Videira, Manuela Gaspar, Luis Graca, Véronique Préat, Helena F. Florindo
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Effect of Colonoscopy Premedication Containing Diazepam and Pethidine on the Release of Mast Cell Mediators in Gut Mucosal Samples
Authors: M. Raithel, J. Hochberger, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

To date there is no information available on whether drugs that are commonly used in premedication for colonoscopy procedures, such as diazepam and pethidine, may activate intestinal mast cells and thereby give rise to adverse effects. Since opioids such as pethidine are well-known for their ability to induce histamine release from several mast cell subtypes, the present study investigated the effect of diazepam and pethidine, intravenously administered as premedication for colonoscopy, on mast cell mediator secretion from colonic and rectal mucosa.The secretion of the mast cell mediators histamine and tryptase was followed from biopsies of patients with and without premedication for 30 minutes in an air-bubbled incubation medium (mucosa oxygenation). The mediator release and tissue histamine content were studied prospectively in 17 control persons (histologically normal mucosa) as well as in 71 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (histologically uninvolved and involved tissue).Although a significant accumulation of histamine was found in inflamed IBD-tissue, the results indicate, however, that this premedication does not enhance the release of histamine or tryptase from gut mucosal samples, neither in the histologically normal mucosa of control persons nor in tissue unaffected or affected by inflammatory bowel disease.This study demonstrates that colonoscopy premedication with diazepam and pethidine is safe in terms of gut mucosal mast cell activation.
Diabetes Trends Among Delivery Hospitalizations in the U.S., 1994–2004
Authors: Sandra S. Albrecht, Elena V. Kuklina, Pooja Bansil, Denise J. Jamieson, Maura K. Whiteman, Athena P. Kourtis, Samuel F. Posner, William M. Callaghan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To examine trends in the prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations in the U.S. and to describe the characteristics of these hospitalizations.Hospital discharge data from 1994 through 2004 were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Diagnosis codes were selected for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and unspecified diabetes. Rates of delivery hospitalization with diabetes were calculated per 100 deliveries.Overall, an estimated 1,863,746 hospital delivery discharges contained a diabetes diagnosis, corresponding to a rate of 4.3 per 100 deliveries over the 11-year period. GDM accounted for the largest proportion of delivery hospitalizations with diabetes (84.7%), followed by type 1 (7%), type 2 (4.7%), and unspecified diabetes (3.6%). From 1994 to 2004, the rates for all diabetes, GDM, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes significantly increased overall and within each age-group (15-24, 25-34, and > or =35 years) (P < 0.05). The largest percent increase for all ages was among type 2 diabetes (367%). By age-group, the greatest percent increases for each diabetes type were among the two younger groups. Significant predictors of diabetes at delivery included age > or =35 years vs. 15-24 years (odds ratio 4.80 [95% CI 4.72-4.89]), urban versus rural location (1.14 [1.11-1.17]), and Medicaid/Medicare versus other payment sources (1.29 [1.26-1.32]).Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations, particularly among younger women, it will be important to monitor trends in the pregnant population and target strategies to minimize risk for maternal/fetal complications.
THE TREATMENT OF SIMPLE CHRONIC GLAUCOMA BY MIOTICS.
Authors: WILLIAM CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is the object of this paper to extol the action of miotics in the treatment of simple chronic or noninflammatory glaucoma, to call attention to the very satisfactory results which attend the use of these drugs in this class of cases, and to urge their more intelligent and persistent administration; for while eserin and pilocarpin have been employed by ophthalmologists for 25 years or more for their miotic action in glaucoma, they have always been regarded as of secondary value to some form of operative procedure, being used either as adjuvants to iridectomy, both before and after operation, for the purpose of decreasing intraocular tension, or as substitutes for operation in advanced cases where iridectomy is contraindicated. By most authorities operation has been and is still considered to be the only cure for glaucoma, and while the results of operation are known to be less favorable in simple chronic
Transplant tolerance is associated with reduced expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase that controls IL-12 production by dendritic cells and TH-1 immune responses
Authors: Romain Vuillefroy de Silly, Flora Coulon, Nicolas Poirier, Vojislav Jovanovic, Sophie Brouard, Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher, Gilles Blancho, Bernard Vanhove
Journal: Blood (2012)
Obinutuzumab (GA101) plus CHOP or FC in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: results of the GAUDI study (BO21000)
Authors: John Radford, Andrew Davies, Guillaume Cartron, Franck Morschhauser, Gilles Salles, Robert Marcus, Michael Wenger, Guiyuan Lei, Elisabeth Wassner-Fritsch, Umberto Vitolo
Journal: Blood (2013)
Tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: P C Wood, C M Castleden
Journal: BMJ (1990)

high scores and little room for improvement (that is, there was a ceiling effect).The section on evaluation also mentions the use of several other tests, including a letter cancellation task, a 10 word recognition task, and paired associate memory tests.The results of tests are omitted from the results section.Thus the methodology of this trial makes it impossible to draw any conclusions about the effect of tacrine, and the negative results reported are as open to doubt as the positive results in the original paper by Summers et al,< which Dr Chatellier and colleagues have attempted to replicate.
Mental Illness in Foreign Nationals
Authors: H. R. George
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The effects of hyperventilation on the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) were studied in seven normal subjects and 13 multiple sclerosis patients with visual pathway involvement. Significantly greater reductions in P100 latency occurred in the multiple sclerosis patients than in controls and normalisation of the half-field response topography occurred in one patient after hyperventilation. The VEP changes are attributed to improved impulse transmission in demyelinated fibres in the visual pathway as a result of the alkalosis and changes in ionised calcium levels induced by hyperventilation.
Juvenile spring eruption of the ears: a probable variant of polymorphic light eruption
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES, P.G. NORRIS, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, D.A. BURNS, P.E. HUTCHINSON, J. ADAMS, J.L.M. HAWK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We report 18 cases in which a pruritic, erythematosus, papular and vesicular eruption developed on the ears following sun exposure. Four of these patients had, on other occasions, suffered from typical polymorphic light eruption. The clinical features, histological changes, and results of phototesting suggest that juvenile spring eruption of the ears is a localized form of polymorphic light eruption.
Book Review Intervening in the Brain: Changing Psyche and Society (Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment. Vol. 29.) By Reinhard Merkel, Gerard Boer, and Jörg M. Fegert, with four others. 533 pp. Berlin, Springer, 2007. $99. 978-3-540-46476-1
Authors: James L. Bernat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Weekly variation of acute myocardial infarction. Increased Monday risk in the working population.
Authors: S N Willich, H Löwel, M Lewis, A Hörmann, H R Arntz, U Keil
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Seasonal and circadian variations in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death have been documented, suggesting that triggering factors may play a role in the causation of cardiac events. However, there are only sparse and conflicting data on the weekly distribution of the disorders.To determine the weekly variation of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, 5596 consecutive patients (71% men; age, 63 +/- 1 years) were analyzed in a regionally defined population (n = 330,000; age, 25 to 74 years) monitored from 1985 to 1990. The exact time of onset of symptoms was used to determine the day of the event. Patients with myocardial infarction (n = 2636) demonstrated a significant weekly variation (P < .01) with a peak on Monday, whereas patients with sudden cardiac death (n = 2960) were evenly distributed throughout the week. A similar weekly pattern was observed in subgroups of patients with myocardial infarction defined with respect to age, sex, cardiac risk factors, prior cardiac medication, and infarct characteristics. The working population demonstrated a weekly variation of myocardial infarction as opposed to the nonworking population, with a 33% increase in relative risk of disease onset on Monday (P < .05) and a trough on Sunday compared with the expected number of cases, if homogeneity was assumed.The onset of acute myocardial infarction demonstrates a peak on Monday primarily in the working population. If this finding is confirmed in other communities, it may aid in identifying acute triggering events of myocardial infarction and perhaps in improving prevention of the disease.