tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coccidioidomycosis: A Regional Disease of National Importance: Rethinking Approaches for Control
Authors: John N. Galgiani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Coccidioidomycosis is an increasingly important health problem because of the migration of large numbers of persons to portions of the southwestern United States in which the disease is endemic and because of the increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients. Most infections due to Coccidioides immitis, although causing significant illness, are self-limited and resolve over a period of weeks to months without specific treatment. It is not known whether antifungal treatment of early infections hastens resolution of the primary illness or prevents complications. Even so, diagnosis of early infections is of value for allaying patient anxiety, lessening the need for further diagnostic studies, decreasing empirical use of antibacterial agents, and facilitating early identification of patients with complications that are more serious. Patients who develop chronic coccidioidal pneumonia or extrapulmonary infection often have complicated courses that require the involvement of various medical, surgical, and radiologic subspecialties for management. Improvement of the ability to control the problem of coccidioidomycosis will require research into the molecular and cellular biology of C. immitis, vaccine development to prevent coccidioidal infection, a better understanding of the soil ecology that supports the fungus in its endemic regions, and discovery of new antifungal drugs. In addition, government agencies, colleges, the military, and employers could improve public health by initiating education programs about the most common manifestations of the disease among persons at risk for infection.
A6.5 Synovial Lymphoid Structures Support Epstein-Barr Virus Persistence and Autoreactive Plasma Cell Infection in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cristina Croia, Barbara Serafini, Michele Bombardieri, Stephen Kelly, Frances Humby, Martina Severa, Fabiana Rizzo, Eliana Marina Coccia, Paola Migliorini, Francesca Aloisi, Costantino Pitzalis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) blood DNA load, a robust immune response to EBV and cross-reactive circulating antibodies for viral and self-antigens. However, the role of EBV in RA pathogenesis remains elusive. Here we investigated the relationship between synovial EBV infection, ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) and immunity to citrullinated self and EBV proteins. <h3>Methods</h3> Latent and lytic EBV infection was investigated in 43 RA synovial tissues characterised for presence/absence of ELS and 11 OA samples by RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. Synovial production of anti-citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and anti-citrullinated EBV peptides (VCP1/VCP2) antibodies was investigated in situ or in vivo in the SCID/RA chimeric model. <h3>Results</h3> EBV dysregulation was observed exclusively in ELS+ RA, but not OA, synovia as revealed by presence of EBV latent [LMP2A, EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER)] transcripts and EBER+ cells and immunoreactivity for EBV latent (LMP1, LMP2A) and lytic (BFRF1) antigens in ELS-associated B cells and plasma cells, respectively. Importantly, ~20% of synovial plasma cells producing ACPA were infected with EBV. Furthermore, ELS-containing RA synovia transplanted into SCID mice supported production of ACPA and anti-VCP1/VCP2 antibodies cross-recognised by ACPA. Analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell localisation and granzyme B expression suggests that EBV persistence in ELS-containing synovia is favoured by exclusion of CD8+ T cells from B-cell follicles and impaired CD8-mediated cytotoxicity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrated active EBV infection within ELS in the RA synovium that appears to contribute to local growth and differentiation of ACPA-reactive B cells.
Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology
Authors: William A. Caro
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This volume represents an English translation of the 1974 German text, and, because of certain differences in dermatologic practice between Germany and the United States, the American translators have added their own annotations. The text is organized according to clinical signs and symptoms rather than according to the usual etiologic and morphological classifications. The 38 clinically oriented sections include classical groups such as eczematous cutaneous changes, cutaneous symptoms such as itching and pain, and regional problems such as leg ulcers and leonine facies. In addition, one finds inclusion of more unusual sections, such as color and odor of sweat, and deafness and dermatoses. Each section includes discussions of specific entities as well as differentiating features. There are also a number of useful tables of differential diagnosis and appropriate discussions of histopathology and laboratory data. Because many skin diseases produce different types of manifestations, a single disease may be discussed in
Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

TWENTY years ago Drs. Seymour Kety and Carl Schmidt first described the inert-gas technic for the quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow. Conceived and developed in the Pharmacology Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania and carried out on the wards of the Philadelphia General Hospital, the nitrous oxide method was first reported in 1945 in the American Journal of Physiology. 1 Since then, and on the basis of this method, a remarkable number of data have accumulated on the physiology of the cerebral circulation. Normal brain metabolism has been elucidated, along with alterations produced by drugs and disease.2 , 3 In the ensuing . . .
Pineoblastoma Imaged During Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: STEVEN McCORMACK, RON RAFTERY, DALLAS PALMGREN, JOE C. LEONARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 3-year-old girl, with enucleations for bilateral retinoblastomas at 6 months of age, had headaches and hydrocephalus. Subsequent Investigation revealed a pineal region mass that was visualized on bone imaging performed to exclude distant metastasis.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN MIGRAINE
Authors: WILLIAM A. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our purpose is to call attention to a relationship between certain cases of paroxysmal tachycardia and migraine. The conception arose from the observation of the frequent association of paroxysmal tachycardia with other manifestations of migraine. The idea was further enforced by the growing realization that migraine is a fundamental generalized constitutional disturbance, accompanied by definite physiologic and metabolic alterations in the tissues, and having as manifestations of these disturbances the various symptoms described in an attack, of which a sick headache is the most frequent. We shall not consider at any length the various theories of etiology and the mechanism of production of an attack, but it should be pointed out that the condition is essentially a suboxidation—an inability of the tissues to utilize oxygen, in much the same manner that in diabetes the tissues fail to oxidize glucose. There is consequently an accumulation of acid products, as well as
Positive Surgical Margin Appears to Have Negligible Impact on Survival of Renal Cell Carcinomas Treated by Nephron-Sparing Surgery
Authors: Karim Bensalah, Allan J. Pantuck, Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq, Rodolphe Thuret, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Nicolas Mottet, Laurent Zini, Roberto Bertini, Laurent Salomon, Arnaud Villers, Michel Soulie, Laurent Bellec, Pascal Rischmann, Alexandre De La Taille, Raffi Avakian, Maxime Crepel, Jean-Marie Ferriere, Jean-Christophe Bernhard, Thierry Dujardin, Frédéric Pouliot, Jérôme Rigaud, Christian Pfister, Baptiste Albouy, Laurent Guy, Steven Joniau, Hendrik van Poppel, Thierry Lebret, Thibault Culty, Fabien Saint, Amnon Zisman, Orit Raz, Hervé Lang, Romain Spie, Andreas Wille, Jan Roigas, Alfredo Aguilera, Bastien Rambeaud, Luis Martinez Piñeiro, Ofer Nativ, Roy Farfara, François Richard, Morgan Roupret, Christian Doehn, Patrick J. Bastian, Stefan C. Muller, Jacques Tostain, Arie S. Belldegrun, Jean-Jacques Patard
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign (PREDICT): a prospective observational study
Authors: Andrew M Demchuk, Dar Dowlatshahi, David Rodriguez-Luna, Carlos A Molina, Yolanda Silva Blas, Imanuel Dzialowski, Adam Kobayashi, Jean-Martin Boulanger, Cheemun Lum, Gord Gubitz, Vasantha Padma, Jayanta Roy, Carlos S Kase, Jayme Kosior, Rohit Bhatia, Sarah Tymchuk, Suresh Subramaniam, David J Gladstone, Michael D Hill, Richard I Aviv
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2012)
Comment on “Attitudes of European physicians, nurses, patients, and families regarding end-of-life decisions: the ETHICATT study” by Sprung et al.
Authors: Astrid M. Vrakking, Erwin J. O. Kompanje, Jan Bakker
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

Sir, We read with interest the paper by Sprung et al. on attitudes of European physicians, nurses, patients, and families regarding end-of-life decisions [1]. The study compares preferences for end-of-life decisions between the above-mentioned groups from six European countries with different societal backgrounds. We agree with the authors that it is remarkable that one-third to half of the respondent groups wanted active euthanasia for pain, both when they would be diagnosed with a terminal illness and when they would be permanently unconscious; however, we question the interpretation of the answers for the second scenario, as in the questionnaire, active euthanasia was defined as the hastening of death at the patient's explicit request. In our opinion, this scenario is theoretical, since an unconscious patient cannot explicitly request euthanasia. In such a situation, alleviation of pain, without the intention of hastening death, is a much more plausible scenario. In all participating countries, the law does not allow hastening of death without the patient's explicit request.

In addition, the numbers probably represent an underestimation of the respondents' desire for euthanasia, as studies have shown that pain is not the only reason for a euthanasia request [2, 3]. In these studies, euthanasia requests were typically related to patients' sense of suffering without improvement and loss of dignity. Rietjens et al. showed that in 36% of the patients that received euthanasia, pain was the main reason for their request [2].

Regrettably, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was only presented for value of life vs quality of life, and the desire to go into the ICU. Especially for the euthanasia scenario, it would be interesting to compare countries, as it is known that marked differences between countries exist [4, 5].
Premenopausal Bone Loss — A Risk Factor for Osteoporosis
Authors: C. Conrad Johnston, Christopher Longcope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Low bone mass is a major determinant of the osteoporotic fractures that are becoming increasingly common as the population ages. Low bone mass at the time of a fracture may result from either low peak bone mass, which is attained in the third or fourth decade of life, or subsequent bone loss, especially that occurring after the menopause. Peak bone mass is the more important variable early after loss begins; the rate of loss becomes increasingly important later in life.1 The importance of peak bone mass as a determinant of subsequent bone mass is the reason that a single measurement . . .
A Single Year of Immunotherapy for Ragweed Hay Fever
Authors: LAWRENCE M. LICHTENSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

In a placebo-controlled trial of a single preseasonal course of desensitization (immunotherapy) for ragweed hay fever, treatment with either crude ragweed pollen extract or purified pollen allergens showed a significant amelioration of symptoms. Immunologic studies employing the technique of pollen antigen-induced histamine release from isolated washed leukocytes of these patients showed that during treatment a decrease in cellular reactivity accompanied the apparent symptomatic improvement in some but not all of the patients. Titers of antibodies of the IgG class, which specifically block histamine release by pollen extract ("blocking" antibodies), were regularly raised by immunotherapy and were significantly higher in treated patients with mild symptoms than in those with severe symptoms. Reductions in cellular reactivity and rises in blocking antibody, however, did not fully account for the suppression of symptoms.
Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre
Authors: D J P Barker
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the association between being overweight or obese with low back pain (LBP) and clinically defined low back disorders across the life course. <h3>Design</h3> A longitudinal and cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> A nationwide health survey supplemented with data from records of prior compulsory military service. <h3>Participants</h3> Premilitary health records (baseline) were searched for men aged 30–50 years (n=1385) who participated in a national health examination survey (follow-up). <h3>Methods and outcome measures</h3> Height and weight were measured at baseline and follow-up, and waist circumference at follow-up. Weight at the ages of 20, 30, 40 and 50 years were ascertained, when applicable. Repeated measures of weight were used to calculate age-standardised mean body mass index (BMI) across the life course. The symptom-based outcome measures at follow-up included prevalence of non-specific and radiating LBP during the previous 30 days. The clinically defined outcome measures included chronic low back syndrome and sciatica. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline BMI (20 years) predicted radiating LBP in adulthood, with the prevalence ratio (PR) being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.46) for one SD (3.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) increase in BMI. Life course BMI was associated with radiating LBP (PR=1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48 per 1 unit increment in Z score, corresponding to 2.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The development of obesity during follow-up increased the risk of radiating LBP (PR=1.91, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.53). Both general and abdominal obesity (defined as waist-to-height ratio) were associated with radiating LBP (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.65 and 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.04). No associations were seen for non-specific LBP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings imply that being overweight or obese in early adulthood as well as during the life course increases the risk of radiating but not non-specific LBP among men. Taking into account the current global obesity epidemic, emphasis should be placed on preventive measures starting at youth and, also, measures for preventing further weight gain during the life course should be implemented.
Fully functional NK cells after unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: V Beziat, S Nguyen, S Lapusan, B Hervier, N Dhedin, D Bories, M Uzunov, A Boudifa, H Trebeden-Negre, F Norol, Z Marjanovic, J-P Marie, J-P Vernant, P Debre, B Rio, V Vieillard
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Public Health Action Amid Scientific Uncertainty
Authors: David S. Ludwig, Kelly D. Brownell
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Rudolph Matas History of Medicine in Louisiana. Vols. 1 and 2
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The history of medicine in any given state is a stupendous task, made all the more so by doing it for one of our oldest colony-states. There have been other state medical histories, but none can compare in magnitude with Rudolph Matas' work. In reading these 2 volumes, one is impressed with the thoroughness, the tremendous amount of research, and the vision of Dr. Matas and his successors. It is obvious that a long lifetime was spent in collecting the source material for this work, and the state medical society of Louisiana should consider itself fortunate to have access to the Rudolph Matas library. The first volume tells an excellent story of colonial Louisiana under French and Spanish rule and, in the process, gives a detailed account of the role of medicine in these colonial days. Dr. Matas was lucky indeed to be able to find itemized accounts for treatments
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in man: what minimum daily duration of hypoxaemia is required?
Authors: E. Weitzenblum, A. Chaouat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

It is recognized that chronic alveolar hypoxia is the major cause of pulmonary hypertension in chronic respiratory diseases 1. Accordingly, this form of secondary pulmonary hypertension is often termed hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The acute effects of alveolar hypoxia (hypoxic vasoconstriction) must in fact be distinguished from the long-term effects (pulmonary vascular “remodelling”) and both effects contribute to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased pulmonary artery pressure. The threshold value of hypoxaemia under which the risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) becomes elevated, is 55–60 mmHg, which is equivalent to an oxygen saturation of 88–90%. This level is generally required in patients who are candidates for long-term oxygen therapy 2–4.

In chronic respiratory diseases, and particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypoxaemia is most often permanent, being observed during both daytime and night-time. Indeed, it is subjected to fluctuations and hypoxaemia may worsen during exercise ( e.g. walking) and during sleep. In one particular disease, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), hypoxaemia may be limited to night-time, that is to sleep. This sleep-related hypoxaemia can also be observed in the early stages of chronic respiratory diseases, such as COPD 5, cystic fibrosis and restrictive lung disease, when daytime hypoxaemia is not yet present. This has raised the question: can isolated nocturnal hypoxaemia induce pulmonary hypertension in humans? In other terms, what minimum daily duration of hypoxaemia is required to generate permanent (night-time and daytime) pulmonary hypertension? Apart from its theoretical interest, the answer to this question may have some practical importance. As an example, if it is demonstrated that COPD patients without significant daytime hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen tension ( P a,O2) >60 mmHg) but with sleep-related hypoxaemia, develop pulmonary hypertension, it will be justified to prescribe them nocturnal oxygen therapy.

At the present time it is not known …
High frequency of the H63D mutation of the HFE hemo-chromatosis genein liver recipients with acute fulminate non-A-B-C hepatitis
Authors: L. Halme, T. Heliö, J. Mäkinen, K. Höckerstedt, M. Färkkilä, A. Palotie, K. Kontula
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants
Authors: Barry H. Rumack
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The 1984 report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers lists plant exposure as the second most frequently encountered problem. There were 63,328 reports related to plants out of 730,224 cases from 47 reporting centers serving a population of 100 million. Given this incidence, the need for good information is apparent. There are many books picturing plants and a few books about toxicity of plants. Unfortunately, in most instances coverage is incomplete. The<i>AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants</i>provides a comprehensive review of those for which data exist and has excellent photography as well. The index is easy to use, as both scientific and trivial names are listed, avoiding the need for searching through cross-references. Once the written material about the plant is found, information concerning description, distribution, toxic parts, toxin, symptoms, and management and references are provided. The authors have been careful to provide a rational
Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Cost-effectiveness analysis. Is it up to the task?
Authors: D. M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Testosterone Levels in Homosexual Men
Authors: Lee Birk, Gordon H. Williams, Marcia Chasin, Leslie I. Rose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

BEFORE 1960, men with homosexual adaptations were generally regarded as having a condition not amenable to psychiatric treatment.1 , 2 Independent work by a variety of clinical investigators has led to the conclusion that such therapeutic pessimism may not be justified.3 4 5 6 In the earlier years, there were many investigations into possible hormonal dysfunction.7 8 9 10 11 12 Most of these early quests for pertinent biologic factors were nonproductive. Then, in 1971, Kolodny et al. reported significantly lower plasma testosterone levels for a group of 30 male homosexual subjects, in comparison to a control group of 50 heterosexual subjects.13 They also found a correlation between the degree . . .