tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2326: Understand the telomerase-dependent transcriptional regulation in cancer cells
Authors: TingDong Yan, Chang-Ching Liu, Lai-Fong Poon, Xiaoran Chai, Melissa Jane Fullwood, Sujoy Ghosh, Shang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We and others have previously demonstrated that modulation of telomerase activity induces rapid and defined changes in genome-wide gene expression profiles in telomerase-positive cancer cells in culture, which point to the possibility of telomerase's involvement in gene regulation. Previous results also indicated the direct involvement of telomerase catalytic subunit-hTERT in transcriptional regulation through its interaction with Brg1 as well as NFkB. Such transcriptional function of hTERT is not dependent on its reverse transcriptase activity, suggesting a novel telomere-independent function of telomerase that promote stem cell proliferation and survival via activation of key genes regulating cell proliferation and survival. To further explore the potential role of hTERT in direct regulation of genome-wide gene expression in cancer cells, we have engineered cancer cells expressing 3xFlag-tagged hTERT from endogenous loci using AAV-mediated recombination. These genetically engineered cells allow the reliable detection and immunopurification of endogenous and functional hTERT in cancer cells. Such unique tools provide the key to identify potential transcriptional targets regulated by hTERT directly in vivo. Using ChIP-seq, we have mapped the genome-wide targets of potential hTERT binding sites in both HeLa S3 cells and HCT116 cells. Citation Format: TingDong Yan, Chang-Ching Liu, Lai-Fong Poon, Xiaoran Chai, Melissa Jane Fullwood, Sujoy Ghosh, Shang Li. Understand the telomerase-dependent transcriptional regulation in cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2326
Aluminum in acidic surface waters: chemistry, transport, and effects.
Authors: C T Driscoll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Ecologically significant concentrations of Al have been reported in surface waters draining "acid-sensitive" watersheds that are receiving elevated inputs of acidic deposition. It has been hypothesized that mineral acids from atmospheric deposition have remobilized Al previously precipitated within the soil during soil development. This Al is then thought to be transported to adjacent surface waters. Dissolved mononuclear Al occurs as aquo Al, as well as OH-, F-, SO4(2-), and organic complexes. Although past investigations have often ignored non-hydroxide complexes of Al, it appears that organic and F complexes are the predominant forms of Al in dilute (low ionic strength) acidic surface waters. The concentration of inorganic forms of Al increases exponentially with decreases in solution pH. This response is similar to the theoretical pH dependent solubility of Al mineral phases. The concentration of organic forms of Al, however, is strongly correlated with variations in organic carbon concentration of surface waters rather than pH. Elevated concentrations of Al in dilute acidic waters are of interest because: Al is an important pH buffer; Al may influence the cycling of important elements like P, organic carbon, and trace metals; and Al is potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. An understanding of the aqueous speciation of Al is essential for an evaluation of these processes.
Molecular epidemiologic research on the effects of environmental pollutants on the fetus.
Authors: F P Perera, W Jedrychowski, V Rauh, R M Whyatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Evidence shows that fetuses and infants are more affected than adults by a variety of environmental toxicants because of differential exposure, physiologic immaturity, and a longer lifetime over which disease initiated in early life can develop. In this article we review data on the effects of in utero exposure to common environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We then summarize results from our molecular epidemiologic study to assess risks from in utero exposures to ambient air pollution and ETS. This research study, conducted in Poland, used biomarkers to measure the internal and bioeffective dose of toxicants and individual susceptibility factors. The study included 160 mothers and 160 newborns. Ambient air pollution was significantly associated (p= 0.05) with the amount of PAH bound to DNA (PAH-DNA adducts) in both maternal and infant cord white blood cells (WBC). Newborns with elevated PAH-DNA adducts (greater than the median) had significantly decreased birth weight (p= 0.05), birth length (p= 0.02), and head circumference (p= 0.0005) compared to the newborns with lower adducts (n= 135). Maternal and infant cotinine levels were increased by active and passive cigarette smoke exposure of the mother (p= 0.01). An inverse correlation was seen between newborn plasma cotinine (nanograms per milliliter) and birth weight (p= 0.0001) and length (p= 0.003). Adducts were elevated in placental tissue and WBC of newborns who were heterozygous or homozygous for the cytochrome P4501A1 MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) compared to newborns without the RFLP. Levels of PAH-DNA and cotinine were higher in newborns than mothers. These results document that there is significant transplacental transfer of PAH and ETS constituents from mother to fetus; that PAH-DNA adduct levels in maternal and newborn WBC were increased with environmental exposure to PAH from ambient pollution; and that the fetus is more sensitive to genetic damage than the mother. The study also provided the first molecular evidence that transplacental PAH exposure to the fetus is compromising fetal development. If confirmed, these findings could have significant public health implications since a number of studies have found that reduction of head circumference at birth correlates with lower intelligence quotient as well as poorer cognitive functioning and school performance in childhood.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Improves Neurologic Recovery after Spinal Trauma in Cats
Authors: Alan I. Faden, Thomas P. Jacobs, John W. Holaday
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Naloxone treatment improves neurologic outcome after experimentally induced spinal trauma, but this opiate-receptor antagonist may increase post-traumatic pain. In contrast, thyrotropin-releasing hormone appears to act in vivo as a partial physiologic opiate antagonist that spares analgesic systems; this activity prompted us to evaluate its effect in spinal injury. Cervical-spine trauma was produced in anesthetized cats by the Allen method. Six animals each received thyrotropin-releasing hormone, saline, or dexamethasone as an intravenous infusion over four hours, beginning one hour after injury. Neurologic recovery was significantly better after treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone than after saline or dexamethasone (P less than 0.01): at six weeks, the average animal given thyrotropin-releasing hormone was normal, whereas average control animals had marked spasticity. The beneficial effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in experimental spinal injury and its lack of effect on nociception indicate that it may have unique therapeutic potential in spinal trauma in human beings.
NEWER ASPECTS OF THE THERAPEUTICS OF VIOSTEROL (IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL)
Authors: A. F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In June, 1924, it was announced by Hess, and in September of the same year by Steenbock, that inert substances can be endowed with antirachitic potency by means of ultraviolet irradiation.<sup>1</sup>Less than two years later, Windaus and Hess<sup>2</sup>and Rosenheim and Webster<sup>3</sup>shed further light on this subject by showing that it is ergosterol which undergoes this remarkable metamorphosis. During the short period which has followed, much has been learned and the advance has been steady and significant, but this aspect of pharmacology is so novel that it is not surprising that much remains to be explored and elucidated. As is true of nutritional disorders in general, so of rickets the most important realm of therapeutics is that of prevention. With this goal in view we attempted the absolute prevention of rickets in sixty infants, from 4 to 12 months of age, by giving, in the
Value of Estimating Methylmalonic Acid Excretion in Anaemia
Authors: A. E. Green, G. D. Pegrum
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A rapid technique suitable for routine pathology laboratories has been used to estimate methylmalonic acid excretion in a 24-hour urine collection following a 10g. valine load. Levels above 40 mg./24 hours were found only in patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency. Patients with pernicious anaemia treated more than 24 hours before urine collection and patients with other types of anaemia had methylmalonic acid levels below 25 mg./24 hours.This method of demonstrating vitamin B(12) deficiency can be applied rapidly in debilitated patients so that specific treatment can be instituted within 36 hours of admission.
An Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative lesion of the skin presenting as recurrent necrotic papulovesicles of the face
Authors: K.H. CHO, C.W. KIM, D.Y. LEE, S.J. SOHN, D.W. KIM, J.H. CHUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We describe four patients with lymphoproliferative lesions confined to the skin for several years. They presented with recurrent necrotic papulovesicles of the face. Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was detected in the lymphoid cells from the skin lesions by in situ hybridization. The disease in three patients progressed to T-cell lymphoma. We believe that these patients represent a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a tendency to localize in the skin.
Head of the Medical Council of India removed for corruption
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The High Court in Delhi has ordered that Dr Ketan Desai, the president of the Medical Council of India, be removed from his post after it found him guilty of corrupt practices and abuse of power.

Besides heading the council, which regulates the medical profession in India, Dr Desai also heads the Indian Medical Association, which represents India's doctors.

Because the council also regulates medical education, including the establishment of new medical colleges and the number of students that colleges can admit, it has enormous power.

A large number of medical colleges in India …
A diaCEST MRI approach for monitoring liposomal accumulation in tumors
Authors: Kannie W.Y. Chan, Tao Yu, Yuan Qiao, Qiang Liu, Ming Yang, Himatkumar Patel, Guanshu Liu, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Jeff W.M. Bulte, Peter C.M. van Zijl, Justin Hanes, Shibin Zhou, Michael T. McMahon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Transcriptional Effect of DEFB1 Gene 5′ Untranslated Region Polymorphisms
Authors: Michele Milanese, Ludovica Segat, Sergio Crovella
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editor: Human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) has been shown to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene by Sun et al. (1) who reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the DEFB1 gene are able to modify the transcriptional activity of hBD-1 promoter. In particular, the −44C/G SNP was described to enhance transcription up to 2.3 times more than the wild-type sequence in DU145 or TSU-Pr1 cell lines.Recently, we showed that significant correlation exists between SNPs in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the DEFB1 gene and the risk of being infected with HIV-1 in Italian and Brazilian children (2, 3).With the aim of verifying an eventual transcriptional functional effect of the SNPs in the 5′UTR region of DEFB1 gene, we employed a dual luciferase assay, the same technique used by Sun et al. (1).Starting from the wild-type DEFB1 5′UTR region, we generated three mutated inserts using primers designed to introduce the desired mutation into the wild-type sequence. The four different fragments (wild-type, −52A, −44G, and −20A) have been cloned into pGL3 promoter vector (Promega), and Caco2 cells were transfected for 48 h with 1 μg of the reporter plasmids and 20 ng of control Renilla luciferase expression plasmid (phRG-TK, Promega) using 5 μL of GenePORTER transfection reagent; a dual luciferase assay (Promega) was done according to the manufacturer's instruction. To ensure the reproducibility of the results, all tests have been done in quadruplicate and repeated at a later time to confirm the obtained results.Our results show that the three SNPs do possess a functional activity leading to an impaired production of the gene downstream to the mutated promoter.11More detailed information is available at http://www.bbcm.univ.trieste.it/~bbcm/defb1funct/. Both the −52A and the −20A alleles cause a 25% mean reduction of expression. Although quantitatively relevant, this reduction was not statistically significant. The −44G mutation, contrary to the data presented by Sun et al. (1), drag to a markedly reduced expression of about 53% in our experimental setup.Based on our results (2, 3) and because all the studied SNPs could hamper an effective production of hBD-1 in vivo, we hypothesized that they could be related to reduced response from the innate immune system.Despite the fact that DU145, TSU-Pr1, and Caco2 are all carcinoma-derived cell lines, their inherent differences could lead to variations in dual luciferase assay results: we believe that the functional effect of the DEFB1 5′UTR SNPs is still controversial and deserves a more comprehensive study.
Role for Myeloid Nuclear Differentiation Antigen in the Regulation of Neutrophil Apoptosis during Sepsis
Authors: Nasser Fotouhi-Ardakani, Driss El Kebir, Natacha Pierre-Charles, Lili Wang, Stephane P. Ahern, János G. Filep, Eric Milot
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Suppressed neutrophil apoptosis, a hallmark of sepsis, perpetuates inflammation and delays resolution. Myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed only in myeloid cells and has been implicated in cell differentiation; however, its function in mature neutrophils is not known.We studied whether MNDA could contribute to regulation of apoptosis of neutrophils from healthy subjects and patients with sepsis, and investigated the impact of MNDA knockdown on apoptosis.Human neutrophils were challenged with mediators of sepsis and neutrophils from patients with sepsis were cultured to investigate cleavage and cytoplasmic accumulation of MNDA. MNDA was knocked down in myeloid HL-60 cells to investigate development of apoptosis.During constitutive apoptosis of human neutrophils, MNDA is cleaved by caspases and accumulated in the cytoplasm, where it promotes degradation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, thereby accelerating collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Culture of neutrophils with LPS, bacterial DNA, or platelet-activating factor prevented MNDA cleavage and cytoplasmic accumulation. MNDA knockdown with short hairpin RNA markedly attenuated Mcl-1 turnover and conferred resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Neutrophils from patients with severe sepsis exhibited markedly suppressed apoptosis that was associated with impaired cytoplasmic MNDA accumulation, preservation of Mcl-1 expression, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Culture of neutrophils of healthy subjects with septic plasma delayed apoptosis and cytoplasmic MNDA accumulation.These results indicate that cytoplasmic accumulation of MNDA facilitates progression of apoptosis and suggest that impaired cytoplasmic MNDA accumulation contributes to delayed neutrophil apoptosis in patients with severe sepsis.
Dear President Clinton
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (1993)

YOU are to be congratulated for recognizing the gravity of the crisis in health care. But please do not try to present a detailed plan for health care within 100 days. The problems are too complex and the public's understanding of them is too imperfect. Instead, you should present to the Congress and the public a clear statement of, and rationale for, your goals for health care and your basic approach to achieving these goals. If your goals include covering all Americans for a package of essential services, sharing the costs of this package fairly, and slowing significantly the rate of growth of health expenditures, do not imagine that incremental reform of the present system can do the job. Only comprehensive change in finance and organization has a chance of success. The public, however, is not ready for comprehensive change. Most Americans have health insurance. Most Americans are satisfied with
TCT-79 Chronic Total Occlusions in Sweden – Report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR)
Authors: Truls Råmunddal, Loes Hoebers, Christian Dworeck, Oskar Angerås, Dan Ioanes, Jacob Odenstedt, Risto Jussila, Ulf Jensen, Jan Harnek, Göran Olivecrona, Jan Tijssen, Jose Henriques, Mkael Aasa, Stefan James, Per Albertsson, Elmir Omerovic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONCENTRATING AND DILUTING MECHANISMS OF THE DISEASED KIDNEY*
Authors: Neal S. Bricker, Richard R. Dewey, Herbert Lubowitz, James Stokes, Tove Kirkensgaard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

The concentrating and diluting mechanisms of the normal kidney contribute in an impressive manner to the defense of water economy.In health, a given amount of solute may be excreted in a widely varying volume of water which is determined under most circumstances by the water needs of the organism.This ability to regulate the osmolality of the urine accounts for a range of urine concentrations which extends from marked hypotonicity to marked hypertonicity.1 In the course of advancing renal disease, the total amount of solute excretion per 24 hours may remain comparable to values achieved in health.It is a clinical observation of long standing, however, that the patient's ability to vary the volume of water in which this solute is contained becomes progressively limited.Hence, the range over which urine tonicity may be extended becomes more and more restricted.Typically, this restriction is manifested initially by a decrease in the maximum attainable urine osmolality, followed somewhat later by a progressive inability to decrease the tonicity of the urine.Ultimately, urine tonicity deviates little in either direction from the concurrent plasma osmolality, and the stage of so-called "permanent isosthenuria" or "fixed specific gravity" supervenes.The intrarenal mechanisms responsible for the impaired ability to concentrate and dilute the urine in chronic renal disease have never been adequately explained.Although the opinion is widely held that the specific tubular sites for the
NEW ANGULAR UTERINE DRESSING AND SPONGE-HOLDING FORCEPS
Authors: Albert M. Crance
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPSONINS
Authors: Charles E. Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

1. The determination of Wright's index of the opsonic content of the blood and other fluids of the body is open to serious and in part unavoidable errors and should be abandoned in its present form. 2. Conclusions based upon the determination of the opsonic content of the blood, according to Wright's method, are accordingly not uniformly reliable. 3. The percentage index is a valuable check on Wright's bacillary index, but likewise does not furnish an adequate idea of the opsonic content of the blood, unless carried out with progressive dilutions to the point of opsonic extinction. 4. The opsonins of normal blood serum are not specific. 5. The specificity of the opsonins in "immune" sera has not been satisfactorily established, but appears probable. 6. An opsonic immunity, in the sense of a continued high opsonic content of the blood does not exist. 7. In the blood and exudates of infected individuals substances may be present which exercise an inhibitory effect upon phagocytosis.
Treatment centres are undermining patient choice, warns BMA
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Some of the government's policies aimed at improving services for patients could end up harming patients' interests, warned Dr Paul Miller, chairman of the BMA's consultants' committee at the association's annual conference of senior hospital medical staff in London this week.

Dr Miller acknowledged the massive financial investment in the NHS that the current government had made. But he went on to say that earlier BMA predictions that new style NHS providers, in particular treatment centres, would destabilise the NHS were coming true.

He cited the impact that an independent treatment centre in Southampton …
Antidiabetic treatment trends in a cohort of elderly people with diabetes. The cardiovascular health study, 1989-1997.
Authors: N L Smith, S R Heckbert, V A Bittner, P J Savage, J I Barzilay, A S Dobs, B M Psaty
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

This study characterizes the pharmaceutical treatment of type 2 diabetes from 1989-1990 to 1996-1997 in an elderly cohort.A total of 5,888 adults aged > or = 65 years were recruited and attended a baseline clinic visit in 1989-1990 (n = 5,201, original cohort) or 1992-1993 (n = 687. African-American [new] cohort) as participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) was measured at baseline. Medication use was ascertained by drug inventory at all annual clinic visits. Diabetes was defined at baseline as insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) use or as having an FSG > or = 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl), the current consensus definition of diabetes.A total of 387 (7%) original (FSG = 9.8 mmol/l [177 mg/dl]) and 115 (17%) new (FSG = 10.6 mmol/l [191 mg/dl]) cohort members had pharmacologically treated diabetes at baseline. Among those in the original and in the new cohorts who survived follow-up, respectively, OHA use decreased from 80 to 48% (P < 0.001) and from 67 to 50% (P < 0.003) and insulin use increased from 20 to 33% (P = 0.001) and from 33 to 37% (P = 0.603). There were 396 (8%) original (FSG = 8.8 mmol/l [159 mg/dl]) and 45 (7%) new (FSG = 10.0 mmol/l [181 mg/dl]) cohort members with diabetes untreated at baseline. Among them, respectively, OHA use reached 38 and 30% and insulin use reached 6 and 16% in 1996-1997.Diabetes was common in this elderly cohort, and > 80% of treated patients with diabetes at baseline were not achieving fasting glucose goals of < or = 6.7 mmol/l (120 mg/dl). Many untreated at baseline remained untreated after 7 years of follow-up.