tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible new method to improve detection of diabetic retinopathy: Polaroid non-mydriatic retinal photography.
Authors: R E Ryder, J P Vora, J A Atiea, D R Owens, T M Hayes, S Young
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Two retinal cameras (Canon CR2 45NM and CR3 45NM) have recently become available and are capable of producing an instant colour photography of a 45 degree field of retina, including the macula and optic disc, without dilatation of the pupils being necessary. The ability of each camera to detect diabetic retinopathy was compared with that of doctors in diabetic clinics using ophthalmoscopy during busy clinic hours. The CR3 was found to be considerably superior to the CR2 in terms of quality of photograph because it can use a smaller pupil. Overall, the detection rate of the camera was more than four times higher than that of ophthalmoscopy through undilated pupils and more than twice as high as that of ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils. Lesions missed by ophthalmoscopy but detected by the camera included soft exudates and circinate rings of hard exudates, sometimes encroaching on the macula. Though various aspects of this system of screening for diabetic retinopathy, in particular its ability to detect new retinal vessels, have not yet been assessed, the system may prove beneficial in the detection and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy.
How I treat splenomegaly in myelofibrosis
Authors: F Cervantes
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Symptomatic splenomegaly, a frequent manifestation of myelofibrosis (MF), represents a therapeutic challenge. It is frequently accompanied by constitutional symptoms and by anemia or other cytopenias, which make treatment difficult, as the latter are often worsened by most current therapies. Cytoreductive treatment, usually hydroxyurea, is the first-line therapy, being effective in around 40% of the patients, although the effect is often short lived. The immunomodulatory drugs, such as thalidomide or lenalidomide, rarely show a substantial activity in reducing the splenomegaly. Splenectomy can be considered in patients refractory to drug treatment, but the procedure involves substantial morbidity as well as a certain mortality risk and, therefore, patient selection is important. For patients not eligible for splenectomy, transient relief of the symptoms can be obtained with local radiotherapy that, in turn, can induce severe and long-lasting cytopenias. Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only treatment with the potential for curing MF but, due to its associated morbidity and mortality, is usually restricted to a minority of patients with poor risk features. A new class of drugs, the JAK2 inhibitors, although also palliative, are promising in the splenomegaly of MF and will probably change the therapeutic algorithm of this disease.
Epidermal interleukin-1alpha generation is amplified at low humidity: implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Y. Ashida, M. Ogo, M. Denda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We have previously reported that low humidity amplifies the hyperproliferative and inflammatory response to barrier disruption. Other reports suggest that epidermal interleukin (IL)-1 alpha is stimulated by various factors related to epidermal inflammation and that it may induce other proinflammatory molecules.To evaluate the generation of IL-1 alpha in the skin of hairless mice kept under various conditions of environmental humidity.We carried out an immunohistochemical study, and evaluated epidermal IL-1 alpha mRNA and protein levels, and release of IL-1 alpha from skin after tape stripping, in hairless mice kept under low or high humidity.The immunohistochemical study showed that the amount of IL-1 alpha in the epidermis was higher in animals kept in a low-humidity environment than in a high-humidity one. The epidermal IL-1 alpha mRNA and protein levels increased significantly when the animals were kept under low humidity. Moreover, the release of IL-1 alpha from skin immediately after tape stripping was significantly higher in animals kept in a low-humidity environment than in a high-humidity one.These results suggest that IL-1 alpha is an important factor in mediating the relationship between environmental humidity and epidermal pathology.
Mechanism of Cocaine-Induced Hyperthermia in Humans
Authors: Craig G. Crandall, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, Ronald G. Victor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The lethal effects of cocaine are unique among those of other illicit drugs because cocaine has the propensity to cause hyperthermia. The traditional view is that cocaine causes a hypermetabolic state with increased heat production. However, because cocaine-induced hyperthermia occurs primarily in hot weather, it is hypothesized that cocaine also impairs thermoregulatory adjustments that mediate heat dissipation. Objective: To test the effects of cocaine on body temperature regulation in humans. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Setting: A cardiovascular physiology laboratory in Dallas, Texas. Participants: 7 healthy, cocaine-naive volunteers. Intervention: Progressive passive heat stress, during which each participant received intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo (lidocaine, 2 mg/kg). Measurements: Esophageal temperature, skin blood flow, sweat rate, and perceived thermal sensation. Results: Three major new findings were noted. First, cocaine substantially augmented the progressive increase in esophageal temperature during heat stress (P < 0.001). Second, this augmentation was explained by a rightward shift in the esophageal temperature threshold for the onset of both cutaneous vasodilation (37.37 ± 0.09 °C for cocaine vs. 37.06 ± 0.07 °C for lidocaine; P = 0.01) and sweating (37.38 ± 0.09 °C for cocaine vs. 37.07 ± 0.06 °C for lidocaine; P = 0.002). Third, cocaine paradoxically impaired the perception of heating by attenuating the progressive increase in thermal discomfort associated with heat stress. Conclusions: In humans, impaired heat dissipation is a major mechanism by which cocaine elevates body temperature. When healthy, cocaine-naive persons are subjected to passive heating, pretreatment with even a small dose of intranasal cocaine impairs sweating and cutaneous vasodilation (the major autonomic adjustments to thermal stress) and heat perception (the key trigger for behavioral adjustments).
THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF FRIEDLÄNDER'S BACILLUS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Methods are given for the isolation of specifically reacting nitrogen-free polysaccharides from Type A and Type C Friedländer's bacillus. 2. The properties of these specific carbohydrates have been outlined.
Abstract 869: PTEN/PI3K oncogenic pathway profiling informs an in vivo synergistic therapeutic model for basal-like breast cancer.
Authors: Lao H. Saal, Qing-Bai She, Sofia K. Gruvberger-Saal, Matthew Maurer, Mervi Jumppanen, Tao Su, Meaghan Dendy, Ying-Ka I. Lau, Lorenzo Memeo, Markus Ringner, Jorma Isola, Hanina Hibshoosh, Neal Rosen, Ramon Parsons
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype is generally characterized by positive staining for basal mammary epithelial cytokeratin markers, lack of hormone receptor and HER2 expression, and poor prognosis with currently no approved molecularly-targeted therapies. The oncogenic signaling pathways driving basal-like tumorigenesis, however, are not fully elucidated. In an analysis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway-activating molecular aberrations in 116 unselected breast tumors, we find that three-quarters of cases had a potential oncogenic alteration to PIK3CA, PTEN, HER2, INPP4B, or EGFR, including 97% of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors compared to 65% of ER-positive tumors (P&amp;lt;0.001). Interestingly, nearly all p53 mutant tumors had one or more of these alterations (93%, P=0.001). Loss of PTEN was significantly associated to EGFR overexpression, positivity for the BBC marker cytokeratin 5/14, and the BBC molecular subtype by mRNA gene expression profiling (all P&amp;lt;0.001), informing a potential therapeutic combination targeting the PTEN/PI3K and EGFR pathways in BBC. In BBC cell lines, combination treatment with the EGFR-inhibitor gefitinib plus PI3K-inhibitor LY294002 was synergistic and increased apoptosis. Similarly, in an in vivo BBC xenograft mouse model, gefitinib plus PI3K-inhibitor PWT-458 was more effective than either monotherapy. Our study supports the future clinical evaluation of EGFR and PI3K pathway inhibitors for the treatment of BBC. Citation Format: Lao H. Saal, Qing-Bai She, Sofia K. Gruvberger-Saal, Matthew Maurer, Mervi Jumppanen, Tao Su, Meaghan Dendy, Ying-Ka I. Lau, Lorenzo Memeo, Markus Ringner, Jorma Isola, Hanina Hibshoosh, Neal Rosen, Ramon Parsons. PTEN/PI3K oncogenic pathway profiling informs an in vivo synergistic therapeutic model for basal-like breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-869
c-maf Promotes T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) and Attenuates Th1 Differentiation by Both Interleukin 4–dependent and –independent Mechanisms
Authors: I-Cheng Ho, David Lo, Laurie H. Glimcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The c-maf protooncogene is a T helper cell type 2 (Th2)-specific transcription factor that activates the interleukin (IL)-4 promoter in vitro. Although it has been postulated that c-maf directs the Th2-specific expression of the IL-4 gene in vivo, direct evidence that c-maf functions during the differentiation of normal, primary T cells is lacking. We now demonstrate that overexpression of c-maf in vivo skews the Th immune response along a Th2 pathway, as evidenced by increased production of Th2 cytokines and the IL-4–dependent immunoglobulins, IgG1 and IgE. The overproduction of IgGl and IgE in the CD4 promoter/c-maf transgenic mice was IL-4 dependent since this was not observed in c-maf transgenic mice bred onto an IL-4–deficient background. Ectopic expression of c-maf in mature Th1 cells did not confer on them the ability to produce IL-4, but did decrease the production of IFN-γ. The attenuation of Th1 differentiation by c-maf overexpression occurred by a mechanism that was independent of IL-4 and other Th2 cytokines, and could be overcome by IL-12. These studies demonstrate that c-maf promotes Th2 differentiation by IL-4–dependent mechanisms and attenuates Th1 differentiation by Th2 cytokine-independent mechanisms.
PREVALENCE AND SPECTRUM OF HCM-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS AMONG OVER 1000 UNRELATED PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (HCM)
Authors: Johan Martijn Bos, Melissa Will, Paul Sorajja, Rick Nishimura, Bernard Gersh, Steve Ommen, Michael Ackerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
NT-18 * PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL OF ONCOLYTIC VIRUS DELTA-24-RGD (DNX-2401) WITH BIOLOGICAL ENDPOINTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VIRO-IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: F. F. Lang, C. Conrad, C. Gomez-Manzano, F. Tufaro, R. Sawaya, J. Weinberg, S. Prabhu, G. Fuller, K. Aldape, J. Fueyo
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Delta-24-RGD is a novel replication-competent, tumor-selective, oncolytic adenovirus with enhanced infectivity. Based on promising preclinical studies, we undertook a first-in-human Phase I clinical trial with biological endpoints in order to assess the capacity of Delta-24-RGD to replicate in human gliomas, and to determine safety and initial efficacy. Patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas were enrolled in one of two arms. Group A (clinical assessment group) received a single intratumoral injection of Delta-24-RGD into biopsy-proven recurrent glioma. Group B (biological endpoint group) received an initial intratumoral injection through an implanted catheter followed 14 days later by en bloc tumor/catheter resection (to obtain post-treatment specimens) and subsequent injection of Delta-24-RGD into the post-resection cavity. Dose was escalated in 8 cohorts (1x107-3x1010vp). Histological analysis of post-treatment en bloc surgical specimens proved for the first time that Delta-24-RGD is capable of infecting, replicating in, and killing/lysing glioma tumor cells (Group B; N = 12). Delta-24-RGD resulted in no toxicity and the MTD was 3 × 1010vp (Group A; N = 25). Outcome analyses show an overall median survival of 11 months. Remarkably, complete responses were seen in 3 patients (12%) all of whom are still alive with no evidence of disease 3.2, 2 and 1.75 years after treatment. Serial MRIs revealed increased enhancement before tumor regression, consistent with inflammatory-mediated responses. Histological analysis of resected tumor from a symptomatic patient in Arm A during the period of increased MRI-enhancement identified macrophages and CD8 T-cells with only rare tumor cells. Compared with all other patients, the 3-responders had 10-fold to 1000-fold increases in Interleukin-12p70 (which induces Th1-responses and cell-mediated immunity). In conclusion, Delta-24-RGD is a new oncolytic virus with a favorable toxicity-profile that is capable of cycles of infection-replication-lysis in human glioma cells, and that can produce durable complete-responses in subsets of patients. Viral-induced anti-tumor-immunity likely plays a role in the anti-glioma effect.
Controlled Heart Rate by Atrial Pacing in Angina Pectoris
Authors: SUN HING LAU, STAFFORD I. COHEN, EMANUEL STEIN, JACOB I. HAFT, MICHAEL J. KINNEY, MELVIN W. YOUNG, RICHARD H. HELFANT, ANTHONY N. DAMATO
Journal: Circulation (1968)

This study was undertaken with a consideration of the physiological relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rate. Atrial pacing was performed in 63 resting subjects, 36 of whom had been referred for evaluation of angina pectoris. Pacing at critical controlled heart rates evoked angina pectoris in six patients of this group with chest pain and, consistently and more frequently, produced significant S-T segmental depression in 28 patients as a manifestation of myocardial ischemia. The functional test employing controlled heart rates has several advantages over other stress tests. The use of the sole stress of controlled atrial tachycardia is a new technique which has provided relatively safe, reproducible results in the objective evaluation and investigation of myocardial ischemia.
Mitochondrial Respiratory-Chain Diseases
Authors: Salvatore DiMauro, Eric A. Schon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The mitochondrial respiratory chain has the crucial function of supplying the cell with energy in the form of ATP. Mutations affecting this chain can arise in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA and cause diseases known as mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Because the rules of inheritance of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA differ considerably, these brain–muscle syndromes often have unpredictable clinical and genetic features.
Transactivation of the fucosyltransferase VII gene by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax through a variant cAMP-responsive element
Authors: Nozomu Hiraiwa, Tomonori Yabuta, Keijiro Yoritomi, Miki Hiraiwa, Yuetsu Tanaka, Takeshi Suzuki, Mitsuaki Yoshida, Reiji Kannagi
Journal: Blood (2003)
Temazepam and the perceptual-motor performance of professional footballers.
Authors: J Golby, M A Hutson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

The use of benzodiazepines to overcome the possible debilitating effects of travel on football performance is a recent phenomenon and indicative of current usage of such drugs. Contemporary psychological theory is critical of many of the measures used to monitor such drugs. This study has created a battery of tests which include some measures which are deemed more ecologically valid and, for purposes of comparison, some traditional indices. On a sample of First Division professional Association footballers temazepam (40 mg) was compared with placebo on these measures and testing occurred on the afternoon following night time medication. The findings suggest that on such a protocol, perceptual-motor performance is not impaired.
Electroporation-induced siRNA precipitation obscures the efficiency of siRNA loading into extracellular vesicles
Authors: Sander A.A. Kooijmans, Stephan Stremersch, Kevin Braeckmans, Stefaan C. de Smedt, An Hendrix, Matthew J.A. Wood, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Koen Raemdonck, Pieter Vader
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Patients who take overdoses.
Authors: G Halasz, S Jaworowski
Journal: BMJ (1985)

oversimplification of the risks of extravasation.In the illustrative case the extravasation most probably occurred from the proximally situated venepuncture sites, a documented but not widely appreciated risk.Finally, the parochial nature of the President Truman "quotation" belies the extent of the problem.Extravasations are by no means the exclusive preserve of radiography departments.We constructed this lesson because of our con- cern over the number of extravasation injuries which we are seeing.Are such injuries avoidable?We believe so, if clinicians are ever alert to the risks and take the necessary steps to minimise them.DARBURD
Cholinergic neurogenic vasodilatation is mediated by nitric oxide in the dog hindlimb
Authors: K. E. Loke, C. G Sobey, G. J Dusting, O. L Woodman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Cholinergic neurogenic vasodilatation is mediated by nitric oxide in the dog hindlimb Get access Kit Ee Loke, Kit Ee Loke University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia—Department of Pharmacology: K E Loke, C G Sobey, O L Woodman; Department of Physiology: G J Dusting. Correspondence to Dr Woodman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher G Sobey, Christopher G Sobey University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia—Department of Pharmacology: K E Loke, C G Sobey, O L Woodman; Department of Physiology: G J Dusting. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory J Dusting, Gregory J Dusting University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia—Department of Pharmacology: K E Loke, C G Sobey, O L Woodman; Department of Physiology: G J Dusting. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Owen L Woodman Owen L Woodman University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia—Department of Pharmacology: K E Loke, C G Sobey, O L Woodman; Department of Physiology: G J Dusting. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 542–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.4.542 Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Received: 25 August 1993 Accepted: 22 November 1993 Published: 01 April 1994
Anne June Patricia McKeown
Authors: I. Quasim, R. L. Smith, G. A. Berg
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Anne June Patricia McKeown (“June”) was inspired to become a cardiothoracic surgeon when she was 4 years old, recovering from the first operative replacement of a mitral valve using human tissue in the UK.

Heart surgery was in its infancy in 1970 and a pioneering technique was used constructing a valve at the time of surgery using fascia lata from …
Heritable Disease and Sperm Donation
Authors: Kent D. W. Bream
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemistry and Therapy of Chronic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Richard J. Bing
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The authors attempt, as indicated in the preface, to emphasize the position of chemistry in the understanding of the more recent advances in chronic cardiovascular disease. They select certain topics related to chemistry and therapy of chronic cardiovascular disease. The authors, without paying too much attention to chemistry of muscular contraction, myocardial metabolism, or other related topics, stress the problem of chemistry and therapy of chronic heart disase from a practical and applied point of view. In this they have succeeded very well. They discuss the various actions of digitalis and of oral diuretics; they deal with blood clotting mechanisms, anticoagulation, and finally atherosclerosis. It is in this last chapter that they have, in the reviewer's opinion, succeeded best, particularly when they review the mechanism of coronary occlusion. It is true that there are a large number of original articles and review articles which deal with this subject, but it
Dr. Kornstein and Colleagues Reply
Authors: SUSAN G. KORNSTEIN, ALAN F. SCHATZBERG, MICHAEL E. THASE, KIMBERLY A. YONKERS, JAMES P. MCCULLOUGH, GABOR I. KEITNER, ALAN J. GELENBERG, SONIA M. DAVIS, MARTIN B. KELLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)
International Electronic Link Solves Medical Puzzle
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

DIPLOMATS FOSTERING the slow thaw in US-China relations might look to the medical community for inspiration. Via the worldwide computer Internet and other means of communication, physicians and other medical scientists from coast to coast in the United States and at least 17 other countries have helped their mainland China colleagues treat a university student with a challenging array of signs and symptoms. The patient, Zhu Lingling, 21, a junior studying physical chemistry in Beijing, reportedly experienced abdominal pain and alopecia in December 1994 but returned to college in February after she responded to Chinese traditional therapy and nutritional support. A month later, she was hospitalized again with a variety of central nervous system complaints and became comatose within 5 days. After tests ruled out a number of tentative diagnoses and she did not respond significantly to treatment, students at Beijing University who had learned of the complicated case sent
The human Pk histo-blood group antigen provides protection against HIV-1 infection
Authors: Nicole Lund, Martin L. Olsson, Stephanie Ramkumar, Darinka Sakac, Vered Yahalom, Cyril Levene, Åsa Hellberg, Xue-Zhong Ma, Beth Binnington, Daniel Jung, Clifford A. Lingwood, Donald R. Branch
Journal: Blood (2009)