tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of Sports Medicine Nature, prevention, and management of injury in sport
Authors: R G Hackney
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Unfortunately, injury is inevitable for some of those who participate in sporting activity. Injuries may occur as a result of an acute episode of trauma, such as a fractured tibia in a footballer. Overuse injuries are caused by repeated episodes of microtrauma that individually are insufficient to give rise to macroscopic injury. When healing mechanisms are overcome, however, the end result can be as serious as a fractured neck of femur from a completed stress fracture. The nature of the injury depends on many interrelated elements, but they can be divided into those caused by intrinsic and those caused by extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are concerned with the makeup of the individual person. Preparation and training can alter some of these constituents, which should always be considered in the management of individual people. #### Intrinsic factors in the causation of injuries Extrinsic factors in injury are those derived from external forces. These range from a clumsy tackle inflicting a sudden violent force on a limb to footwear and the surface being used. #### Extrinsic factors in the causation of injuries
Precise quantitation of palgg: A new radiometric microtechnique
Authors: Kenneth A. Schwartz, John A. Gauger, John M. Davis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract We report the development of a radiometric assay for platelet‐bound IgG that is both sensitive and quantitative. The assay utilized 96‐well millititer plates incorporating a 0.2 μm filter membrane in the bottom. A 125 l‐labeled monoclonal antihuman IgG, as a secondary antibody, detected the platelet‐bound human IgG. Since 5 ± 10 6 platelets were used for each assay, tests for platelet‐bound IgG can be performed on persons with severe thrombocytopenia. For the detection of circulating antiplatelet alloantibodies, as little as 10 μl of platelet‐free plasma per assay is required. Antiplatelet IgG was quantitated by using anti‐Pl A1 antibody that was purified with affinity and elution and DEAE chromatography. This purified antiplatelet antibody was labeled with 125 l and was used to determine the binding ratio of secondary antibody to primary antibody. Under our standard conditions, this ratio was found to be stable at approximately 0.35 over the sensitivity range of the assay. The assay can detect approximately 200 molecules of human IgG per platelet (0.1 ng of secondary antibody bound per 5 ± 10 6 platelets). It has a linear range from ) to 7,000 molecules per platelet. Quantitation of anti‐Pl A1 binding for platelets stored for up to 6 months under refrigeration showed no change in number of Pl A1 binding sites. Clinical studies showed that 18 of 19 ITP patients had an increased number of IgG molecules per platelet as did patients with malignancy and drug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia. Patients who had received multiple platelet transfusions had antiplatelet antibody in their plasma. Normal amounts of PAlgG were observed in platelets and plasma of patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia. The advantages of this method are that it is: 1) a more precise quantitation of PAlgG via direct measurement of binding ratio with Pl A1 antibody; 2) performed with small amounts of platelets and plasma; 3) both sensitive and specific; and 4) reliably reproducible with both fresh and stored platelets.
Disease-causing missense mutations in NPHS2 gene alter normal nephrin trafficking to the plasma membrane
Authors: Yukino Nishibori, Li Liu, Makoto Hosoyamada, Hitoshi Endou, Akihiko Kudo, Hitoshi Takenaka, Eiji Higashihara, Fumio Bessho, Shori Takahashi, David Kershaw, Vesa Ruotsalainen, Karl Tryggvason, Jamshid Khoshnoodi, Kunimasa Yan
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Microbial reference genomes for human metagenomics
Authors: Sarah K Highlander
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
IS MINIMAL LUMINAL AREA BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND THE CRITICAL DETERMINANT OF FUTURE MACE IN INTERMEDIATE LESIONS? INSIGHTS FROM PROSPECT
Authors: Louai Razzouk, Frederick Feit, Akiko Maehara, Gary Mintz, Ke Xu, Andres Iniguez, Francois Schiele, Gary Niess, Roxana Mehran, Barry Templin, Giora Weisz, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Sarcoidosis in a patient presenting with clinical and histological features of primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: R D Melsom, P M Speight, J Ryan, J D Perry
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A patient presenting with bilateral enlargement of parotid and lacrimal glands, xerostomia, and keratoconjunctiva sicca, whose labial biopsy specimen showed changes consistent with Sjögren's syndrome, is described. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as having primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Subsequent investigations, however, performed to exclude an associated lymphoma or sarcoidosis, showed histological changes of the latter. The possibility that early infiltrates of the salivary glands in sarcoid may mimic those of SS is discussed.
M29 National Early Warning Score (NEWS): Is it bad news for our patients?
Authors: E Cheetham, R Pais, M Wijesinghe
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Titrated oxygen has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in patients presenting with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)<sup>1</sup>. All patients at risk of type 2 respiratory failure (T2RF) should be administered oxygen in accordance with British Thoracic Society Guidelines. However, the NEWS system proposed by the Royal College of Physicians makes no allowance for patients at risk of T2RF and may lead to potential over oxygenation in this group of patients<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the use of the NEWS in patients with T2RF in our district general hospital and to assess the safety of a modified system. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were selected from the Medical Admissions Unit. Inclusion criteria were oxygen prescription or oxygen <i>in situ</i>. Data were collected over 5 consecutive days. Conventional NEWS for these patients were compared with a system currently being piloted at Salford Royal Foundation Trust with modified oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) for patients at risk of T2RF (Table 1) <h3>Results</h3> 69 patients were assessed. 32% (22/69) had risk factors for T2RF. 21 had COPD and one had sleep apnoea. 55% (12/22) had oxygen saturations in their target range or were above target saturations but on air. 32% (7/22) were on oxygen and had saturations above 92%. 14% (3/22) had saturations below 88%. 73% (16/22) of at risk patients had their scores altered when using the Salford EWS system. 69% (11/16) of these patients had their scores reduced. 4 patient’s scores were reduced by 3, 4 were reduced by 2 and 3 were reduced by 1. 31% (5/16) of patient’s scores were increased. 4 scores were increased by 2 and 1 increased by 1. The score differences were due to over oxygenation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The current NEWS system appears to increase the risk of over oxygenation in patients at risk of T2RF. Using a modified score for patients at risk of T2RF will reduces this risk. With thanks Ronan O’Driscoll, Salford Foundation Trust for use of the modified Salford NEWS chart
Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis and AIDS
Authors: Joseph R. Bove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Infectious complications have been, and will continue to be, a problem in recipients of blood transfusions. Steps to exclude high-risk donors and to test for antibody to HIV, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and alanine aminotransferase almost surely have a beneficial effect on the blood supply. The risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious disease will never be nonexistent, and each transfusion will always have to be considered in terms of benefit versus risk. Patients and physicians need to understand that an absolutely safe blood supply is an unattainable goal, but that current approaches to donor selection and testing are highly effective in minimizing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infection.
Enhancement of Methyldopa Metabolism with Barbiturate
Authors: A. Kaldor, P. Juvancz, M. Demeczky, K. Sebestyen, J. Palotas
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The spurious increase in serum catecholamine levels associated with methyldopa treatment can be reduced by the simultaneous administration of phenobarbitone. This accelerating effect of phenobarbitone on methyldopa metabolism has been demonstrated in relation to both adrenaline and noradrenaline, and investigations suggest that it is due to the effect of barbiturate on the activity of metabolizing enzymes.
Development of a Didactic Curriculum in Science Related to Internal Medicine
Authors: J. Claude Bennett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To best prepare physicians for productive careers in medicine and to instill in them a lifelong commitment to learning, a didactic curriculum for the sciences should be incorporated in training programs. Such a curriculum can be effective only if it can be woven into the fabric of clinical experiences and it is seen by the housestaff as relevant to their needs. A new level of commitment by our clinical teachers and a reassessment of the allocation of time for learning will be required.
Complete Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Patients With Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Javier Deira, Hugo Diaz, Jesús Grande
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

We read with interest the article by Rossing et al. (1) in the January 2002 issue of Diabetes Care . We had previously assessed the effect of complete blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy (type 2 diabetes) and severe proteinuria (2). To do so, we studied 10 patients on prior treatment with ACE inhibitors at recommended doses, to which 50 mg/day of Losartan was added.

After 3 months of the combined therapy, urinary protein excretion decreased from a mean of 6.9 (95% CI 4.3–9.6) to 5.8 g/24 h (3–8.6) ( P = 0.025) and, with the exception of two patients, was reduced in all cases. The …
Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve for inoperable aortic stenosis.
Authors: D. C. Sprigings, G. Jackson, J. B. Chambers, M. J. Monaghan, S. D. Thomas, T. B. Meany, D. E. Jewitt
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The place of balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in the treatment of calcific aortic stenosis is controversial. Thirty two patients (mean age 76) in whom valve replacement was contraindicated were followed up for three to 24 months (mean 8); 25 were in functional class III or IV according to the New York Heart Association's classification. Major complications of the procedure occurred in four patients. Echocardiography and Doppler studies were performed before operation and before discharge in 28 patients, and the area of the valve was measured again six to 50 (mean 23) weeks after operation in 11 patients. The peak to peak aortic pressure gradient fell from a mean of 65 (SD 24) to 46 (20) mm Hg, but the area of the aortic valve, measured by Doppler echocardiography, in 18 patients showed a modest but significant increase, from 0.61 (0.16) to 0.74 (0.23) cm2. One month after dilatation, 29 patients were alive, of whom 17 had improved symptoms. Only two had lasting clinical benefit. Sixteen patients died, 12 of a cardiac cause. The estimated one year survival rate was 49%. Six patients underwent or required valve replacement because of persisting symptoms. In view of its limited long term efficacy balloon dilatation of the aortic valve should be used only for patients with severe symptoms whose life expectancy is limited by other disease or who are considered to be unsuitable for valve replacement. It may have a role in improving the condition of patients who present with cardiogenic shock or pulmonary oedema before valve replacement is undertaken.
Natural History of Terminal Cancer and the Use of Complex Therapeutic Technology
Authors: John S. Spratt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN recent years we have witnessed the development of a large amount of highly complex and extremely expensive medical technology, much of it directed toward previously incurable stages of chronic diseases. With the socialization, commercialization and regionalization of medicine much of this technology is now available in the most remote institutions. Unfortunately, there is a tendency in our society to assume that the use of any technology is justified merely because it exists, and it is forgotten that the aging man in a safe environment with good clean food and drinking water will generally live his three score and ten . . .
Women with benign breast disease face higher cancer risk
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Benign breast disease increases women's risk of developing breast cancer, especially if they have atypical lesions or a family history of breast cancer, a new study shows.

The researchers, led by Lynn Hartmann of the Division of Medical Oncology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, studied all women who received a diagnosis of benign breast disease at the Mayo Clinic between 1967 and 1991 to estimate the risk of their developing breast cancer and to find associations between the risk of cancer and various findings in benign disease ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;353: 229-37 and 297-9).

To estimate relative risks the researchers compared the number of women who …
Appraisal of the Mortality in Acute Fulminant Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Michael A. Davis, Robert L. Peters, Allan G. Redeker, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

In the period from January 1, 1966, to June 30, 1967, 16 of the 816 patients admitted to the Los Angeles County—University of Southern California Medical Center with a diagnosis of viral hepatitis acquired acute hepatic failure with encephalopathy. Six patients survived, and 10 died. All survivors had liver biopsies revealing changes characteristic of hepatitis of moderate severity, whereas all patients autopsied (five in number) had massive liver-cell necrosis. At the time of coma, however, there were no distinguishing clinical features or laboratory tests that allowed prediction of survival. Three patients had exchange transfusions; all died. The survival rate in our series of patients treated conservatively compares favorably with that in patients treated by exchange transfusion reported elsewhere, indicating that the effectiveness of new methods of therapy needs to be evaluated in a controlled trial.
The Survival Kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B Is a Downstream Effector of Oncogenic K-ras in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kideok Jin, Sunju Park, Daina Z. Ewton, Eileen Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The kinase Mirk is overexpressed in many resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas and is amplified in a subset of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Depletion of Mirk has been shown to lead to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and thus to inhibit their clonogenic growth. Mirk is activated by signaling from activated Rac1 to MKK3 in MDCK cells, but the mechanism of activation of Mirk in pancreatic cancers is unknown. In this report, Mirk is shown to be a novel effector of K-ras, a gene mutated in ∼90% of pancreatic cancers. Activation of Mirk signaling from oncogenic K-ras through Rac1 was shown in transient expression systems and reporter assays. Mirk activation in pancreatic cancer cells was blocked by RNA interference using three different synthetic duplex RNAis to K-ras, or two RNAis to Rac1, by pharmacologic inhibition of Rac1, or by expression of dominant negative K-rasS17N. Rac1 was activated in four out of five pancreatic cancer cell lines, and was activated by signaling from oncogenic K-ras. Mirk knockout does not induce embryonic lethality, and depletion of Mirk had no effect on the survival of normal diploid fibroblasts. In contrast, the clonogenic ability of Panc1 and AsPc1 pancreatic cancer cell lines was reduced 8- to 12-fold by the depletion of Mirk, with a greater reduction seen following the depletion of K-ras or both genes. Mirk is a novel downstream effector of oncogenic K-ras and mediates some of the survival signals activated by ras signaling. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7247–55]
Iron overload in cirrhosis— HFE genotypes and outcome after liver transplantation
Authors: David J. Brandhagen, William Alvarez, Terry M. Therneau, Kent E. Kruckeberg, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Jurgen Ludwig, Michael K. Porayko
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Previously, we found appreciable hepatic iron deposition in one third of our patients undergoing liver transplantation (LTx) with approximately 10% of cases having quantifiable iron in the range of that seen in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcome in liver transplant patients with and without iron overload. We also sought to determine the prevalence of HFE mutations in liver transplant patients with iron overload. Of 456 consecutive liver transplants, 41 explants had an hepatic iron index (HII) greater than 1.9, and these cases were compared to 41 matched liver transplant recipients without increased hepatic iron. Posttransplantation complications, along with patient and graft survival were monitored. HFE gene testing was performed using DNA-based techniques. Kaplan-Meier 5-year patient survival after LTx was significantly lower in cases with hepatic iron overload compared to matched controls without iron excess (48% vs. 77%; P =.045). Fatal infections (especially fungal) were more common in patients with iron overload (24% vs. 7%; P =.03). Of the 41 patients with a liver explant HII greater than 1.9, only 4 were C282Y homozygotes. Patients with severe hepatic explant iron overload undergoing LTx have a reduced survival compared to liver transplant recipients without explant iron excess. The reduced survival was attributable mainly to fatal bacterial and fungal infections. Despite the iron overload, HFE gene mutations were uncommon in patients with hepatic explant hemosiderosis.
Metformin Approved for Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA Covers for Volume 278 in 1997
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Physician and the Law
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Physicians as citizens need to know a good deal about the law in general; as physicians they should understand those parts which have to deal with uniquely medical problems. A fine summary of the scope of special contact between a physician and the law is presented in Rowland Long's excellent volume. Though it is presented mainly from the legal point of view, the medical aspects are sound. This book contains just the kind of information necessary as a physician's reference book to cover all sorts of contingencies. At a time when the philosophy of the easy buck has swept overboard much restraint, with sentimental juries awarding verdicts of a quarter of a million dollars, it behooves the physician to know the hazards of his place in the scheme of things and the various liabilities which may occur in the ordinary practice of medicine in some of its less comfortable aspects.