tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How useful are laboratory tests in diagnosing serious infections in febrile children?
Authors: S. C. Aronoff
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Different cut-off values for C reactive protein show promise

Evaluating acute febrile illnesses in infants and young children is one of the most challenging diagnostic problems in primary care medicine. Most of these children have self limiting viral illnesses that will resolve quickly without medical intervention; serious bacterial infections occur rarely. In one large study of 15 781 febrile illnesses in children under 5 years, only 7.2% were found to have a serious bacterial infection.1 The search for a strategy to differentiate those children with serious bacterial infections from those with self limiting viral illnesses at the time of clinical presentation has met with limited success. In the linked systematic review (doi:10.1136/bmj.d3082), Van den Bruel and colleagues assess the diagnostic value of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of serious infections in children in ambulatory settings.2

Clinical guidelines for the management of febrile infants and toddlers up to 36 months of age …
Decisions in US say that doctors can assist suicides
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Americans got three messages within three days last week that in some cases it may be legal for doctors to help patients to commit suicide. It appears, at the very least, that prosecutors will have trouble imprisoning doctors who help people die.

Most notably, a jury in Michigan acquitted Dr Jack Kevorkian, the 65 year old retired pathologist who has helped 20 seriously ill patients to end their lives. Dr Kevorkian faced charges on a law designed to stop his activities, and he was eager to face prosecution in the hope of forcing the courts to take a firm stand. “I just want to show society's insanity,” he said after the jurors acquitted him after nine hours of deliberations.

The jurors were not unanimous …
Abstract 4755: Combination of PV-10 immuno-chemoablation and systemic anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy in murine models of melanoma.
Authors: Eric A. Wachter, Savannah Blair, Jamie Singer, Craig Dees
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Rose bengal disodium (PV-10) is an investigational small molecule ablative agent currently entering pivotal phase 3 clinical testing as a monotherapy for locoregional control of cutaneous metastatic melanoma. Upon intralesional (IL) administration, PV-10 localizes to the injected tumor tissues while clearing rapidly from healthy tissue. Tumor infiltration with PV-10 leads to rapid necrosis of the injected lesion, with complete resolution common within 2-8 weeks. In phase 2 testing in 80 patients with Stage IIIB-IV(M1c) melanoma, IL PV-10 elicited an objective response in injected tumors in 51% of patients (CR:25%, PR:26%) after 1-4 treatment cycles. In addition to this direct ablative effect on injected tumors, some patients achieved an objective response in their monitored untreated tumors (CR:26%, PR:7% in 42 subjects with monitored untreated lesions) in an apparent immune-mediated bystander response that highly correlated with successful ablation of their injected tumors. Treatment was generally well tolerated, with adverse events confined mainly to the injection site and no grade 4 or 5 adverse events associated with use of PV-10. Recent nonclinical testing in the B16-F10 murine melanoma tumor line has confirmed that PV-10 ablation induces tumor-specific immunity, resulting in marked suppression of synchronous lung metastases upon ablation of a flank tumor and tumor-specific IFN-γ production. In this study we assess potential benefit of combination of PV-10 immuno-chemoablation with the hamster anti-murine CTLA-4 antibody 9H10 in bilateral flank and lung metastasis models (B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice). Results from these models will be reported and could support clinical development of combination therapy in advanced melanoma patients, such as stage IV patients with substantial tumor burden in locations inaccessible to PV-10 injection. The rapid reduction in tumor burden and tumor specific immunologic stimulation provided by PV-10 may complement the immune stimulation of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilimumab without increased toxicity. Citation Format: Eric A. Wachter, Savannah Blair, Jamie Singer, Craig Dees. Combination of PV-10 immuno-chemoablation and systemic anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy in murine models of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4755. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4755
Circulating blood dendritic cells from myeloid leukemia patients display quantitative and cytogenetic abnormalities as well as functional impairment
Authors: Mohamad Mohty, David Jarrossay, Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff, Christine Zandotti, Francine Brière, Xavier-Nicolas de Lamballeri, Daniel Isnardon, Danielle Sainty, Daniel Olive, Béatrice Gaugler
Journal: Blood (2001)
Some aspects of the problem of individual predisposition to silicosis.
Authors: B A Katsnelson, E V Polzik, L I Privalova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Based on experimental and epidemiological data findings presented here, as well as on data of other investigators, the authors conclude that a wide interindividual variability of susceptibility to silicosis is a real phenomenon. This susceptibility depends on both intrinsic features of the host and the influence of many environmental factors. The effect of any such factor is realized at different stages of silicosis pathogenesis and in close interrelation with the influence of other factors. The necessity of multifactorial analysis is stressed, and an example of such analysis is presented.
COMPOUND FRACTURES OF THE CRANIUM WITH DEPRESSION
Authors: E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1854)

am ltulf; mad thu - Kne the XderoSeo Wir _dy sihilar to o.pmted by the cts m the the arteries which e gvn of from the aorta, between the suponeor msnteric awd p femors, were Meshed up for a short distance.Eh of t femal veins at the groin contained a short recent clot.The anteior similar case which have fallen under my observation, in which the non-interfering plat was adopted.
Transparency and trust: In defence of medical writers
Authors: Adam Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—If ghost writing is defined as what happens when the identity of a writer is concealed, then Abbasi's statement, “We know that ghost writing happens, and the identity and the motivations of the ghost writer are not revealed” is self evidently true, albeit not very informative.1 However, many people understand medical ghost writing to mean that a professional medical writer, whose name …
1 ATOMIC: 97% RVR FOR PSI-7977 + PEG/RBV × 12 WEEK REGIMEN IN HCV GT1: AN END TO RESPONSE-GUIDED THERAPY?
Authors: K.V. Kowdlev, E. Läwitz, I. Crespo, T. Hassanein, M. Davis, M. DeMicco, D.R. Nelson, D. Bernstein, N.H. Afdhal, I. Jacobson, J. Vierling, S. Gordon, J.K. Anderson, R.H. Hyland, R.G. Hindes, C. Baker, R. Sorensen, E. Albanis, W.T. Symonds, M.M. Berrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Serologic Study for Influenza A (H7N9) among High-Risk Groups in China
Authors: Tian Bai, Jianfang Zhou, Yuelong Shu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Complete atrioventricular block developed in a 26-year-old woman, and she was found to have antinuclear antibodies, including antibodies against Ro52. Treatment with methylprednisolone and azathioprine restored normal atrioventricular conduction.
Direct assessment of synovial blood flow and its relation to induced hydrostatic pressure changes.
Authors: P Geborek, K Forslind, F A Wollheim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A method for measuring synovial blood flow changes using the laser Doppler technique is described. Mean blood flow and mean pulse amplitude decreased by 50-70% in relation to the reference level when the intra-articular hydrostatic pressure in effusive knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was increased. As an increase of intra-articular pressure of as little as 20 mmHg decreased synovial blood flow significantly it is suggested that hypoxia may occur in vivo during joint use in the presence of an effusion. This may be of aetiopathogenetic importance for tissue destruction and the persistence of chronic synovitis.
Changed levels of endogenous sex steroids in women on oral contraceptives.
Authors: J M Kjeld, C M Puah, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Serum and urinary levels of unconjugated testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and oestradiol were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 10 healthy women in the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle and in nine healthy women taking oral contraceptives. The contraceptive group had testosterone levels 1-3 times higher and dihydrotestosterone levels two times higher than those in the controls. Serum oestradiol levels in the contraceptive group were much lower than those in the controls and similar to levels in postmenopausal women. The contraceptive group had about twice the urinary excretion of unconjugated (free) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone of the controls, but their excretion of unconjugated oestradiol was 2-7 times lower. The great increase in serum and urinary androgen concentrations, as well as the suppression of oestradiol, may be related to the antiovulatory effect of oral contraceptives.
Characterization of the TGF-β1 signaling abnormalities in the Gata1low mouse model of myelofibrosis
Authors: Maria Zingariello, Fabrizio Martelli, Fiorella Ciaffoni, Francesca Masiello, Barbara Ghinassi, Emanuela D’Amore, Margherita Massa, Giovanni Barosi, Laura Sancillo, Xiaochun Li, Judith D. Goldberg, Rosa Alba Rana, Anna Rita Migliaccio
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Effect of Intermittent Atrial Tachyarrhythmia on Heart Failure or Death in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillator Versus Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Patients
Authors: Anne-Christine Ruwald, Grzegorz Pietrasik, Ilan Goldenberg, Valentina Kutyifa, James P Daubert, Martin H Ruwald, Christian Jons, Scott McNitt, Paul Wang, Wojciech Zareba, Arthur J Moss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Israeli Bedouin villages have severe shortages of medical services
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Tens of thousands of children from Israel’s southern Bedouin population living in “unrecognised” villages lack the service of a single paediatrician, says a new report. 

The report, from the groups Physicians for Human Rights—Israel and Women Promote Health, says that just 12 community health clinics serve 34 villages with a combined population of 83<thin<000, 60% of whom are children.

The report says that 80% of children hospitalised at Soroka University Medical Centre …
THE DISSIMILARITY BETWEEN PHYSICIANS AND HOMEOPATHISTS.A REPLY TO THE PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS OF DR. JOHN B.ROBERTS. Read before the Philadelphia Medical Society, Oct. 11, 1893.
Authors: SOLOMON SOLIS-COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

This communication is presented at the request of a number of members of this Society who desire a record to be made of their dissent from some of the views advanced by Dr. Roberts in his paper entitled, "Points of Resemblance Between Us and Homeopathic Physicians." The subject matter having been discussed by me at length in a paper read before the Society some years ago, I may be pardoned for confining myself on the present occasion to a brief review of a few of Dr. Robert's "Points" and to the introduction of but one counter-point. I have read somewhere an apologue which, slightly modified to suit the present occasion, runs thus: In the country of the Houhnhyms, concerning which land, its inhabitants and their customs, an interesting and reliable account has been left by the late learned and ingenious Gulliver, there was at one time an agitation in favor
Optimizing the Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasonography of the Endometrium
Authors: Arthur C. Fleischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Transvaginal ultrasonography of the endometrium has become an important part of the evaluation of women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. It is noninvasive, low in cost, and widely available.1 As described by Langer et al. in this issue of the Journal, 2 transvaginal ultrasonography can reveal changes in the thickness or texture of the endometrium that indicate histologic abnormalities, though an exact histologic diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of these findings.Data from studies of many women in several countries have established that the thickness of the endometrium generally does not exceed 4 or 5 mm in normal postmenopausal . . .
Interleukin-2, Interferon-α and 5-Fluorouracil Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: The All Ireland Experience
Authors: M.F O’Brien, D Rea, E Rogers, H Bredin, M Butler, R Grainger, T.E.D McDermott, G Mullins, A O’Brien, A Twomey, J Thornhill
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Antiplatelet Therapy and Vascular-Access Patency
Authors: Charmaine E. Lok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Current predictions estimate that by the year 2020, more than 750,000 people in the United States alone will have end-stage renal disease and over 500,000 will require hemodialysis.1 The success of hemodialysis depends on a well-functioning vascular access, which may be considered the patient's lifeline. However, creating and maintaining a vascular access are challenging and costly. In the first year of hemodialysis, care of the vascular access represents the leading cause of hospitalizations; overall costs are over $1 billion annually.2,3 The Dialysis Access Consortium (DAC) Study Group has taken the lead in advancing clinical knowledge of dialysis access dysfunction . . .
Transforming growth factor-β1-mediated renal fibrosis is dependent on the regulation of transforming growth factor receptor 1 expression by let-7b
Authors: Bo Wang, Jay C. Jha, Shinji Hagiwara, Aaron D. McClelland, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Merlin C. Thomas, Mark E. Cooper, Phillip Kantharidis
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
CASES OF PROLAPSUS AND PROCIDENTIA UTERI
Authors: W. J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1855)

ASSOCATION MEDICAL JOUIRNAL 10O9 those portions of the fractured bones which were removed, and the severe amount of shock which the brain itself sustained by the violence of the blow on the head, made this case appear very formidable in the first intance; nor was anxiety diminished whilst the disturbed condition of the brain was manifested by the constantly irtable and noisy state of the sufferer.Compound fractures of the skull, with depression of bone, and the loss of a portion of the cranium, consequent upon either the comminution of the fractured pieces, or the use of the trephine, though always to be regarded with the most serious consideration, are generally found to be less grave in their results in the younger than in the older subjects that come under the care of the surgeon.The age of this boy greatly favoured the chances of recovery.But, in all probability, tbe greater sensitiveness of thc growing brain of the child maintained, if it did not in- crease, the rather long continued irritability and restless- ness of the patient.This condition might have been partly influenced or modified by the loss of blood sustained at the time of the accident, which in one so young might produce serious effects for the time beingt.In this case, I believe it influ- enced the character of the symptoms to as great an extent as it modified the plan of treatment.
Cases of Gun-Shot Wound
Authors: T. L. Pridham
Journal: BMJ (1863)

manner which is calculated to gain the confidence of the patient; by long custom they have ceased to be an- noyed by irritating languag,e: and it must be said, to many patients the unexpected kindness which they re- ceive from strangers has a favourable effect upon their minds.In the next place, the regularity of the liours, the abundance and excellence of the diet, the order and cleanliness, must be duly accredited with rIuch of the physical benefits produced.In the in- firmary ward, in which most of the cases in the acute stage of disease are, and into which all patients are first received, the diet consists of roast mutton daily, with plentiful variation of puddings, fish, brotlh, vegeta- bles, etc., and other articles, according to the varying fancies or requirements of the patients.A generous diet of this kind miust, therefore, be always understood as part of the treatment employed in these cases, unless the diet be specially named.Constipatiorn appears undouibtedly to be pretty con- stantly pi-esent in the cases already given.Many writers are disposed to loolk upon the catamenia and its disor- dered state as an almost equially frequent determining cause of insanity in females.There is rather a tendency in the mind of the female relations to implicate this function; and it is, therefore, somewhat difficult justly to estimate its bearing upon the mental phenomena.I hlave known patients in violent states of mania, and also in melancholia and chronic mania and imbecility, to menstruate regularly and normally, the general health and condition being goodt.There is probably, however, some coirncidence between intermitting outbursts of ex- citement and the catamen-ial period.In the following
P733 NEW HEPATITIS C INFECTION AND RE-INFECTION AMONG HIV CO-INFECTED MEN IN MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Authors: C. El-Hayek, J.S. Doyle, M. Cuevas, M. Lim, C.K. Fairley, D.E. Leslie, N. Roth, B.K. Tee, M. Stoove, M.E. Hellard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Withdrawal of long term diuretic medication in elderly patients: a double blind randomised trial
Authors: E. Walma, C. van Dooren, A. Prins, E. van der Does, A. Hoes
Journal: BMJ (1997)

About 20% of elderly people use long-term diuretic medication, but there is doubt whether prolonged diuretic medication on such a large scale is necessary. We performed a study to assess what proportion may successfully be withdrawn from diuretic therapy.Double blind randomised controlled trial with six month follow up.General practice.202 patients taking long-term diuretics without manifest heart failure or hypertension.Patients were allocated to either placebo (withdrawal group, n = 102) or continuation of diuretic treatment (control group, n = 100).Occurrence of clinical conditions requiring diuretic therapy based on fixed criteria.During follow up diuretic therapy was required in 50 patients in the withdrawal group and 13 in the control group (risk difference 36%; 95% confidence interval 22% to 50%). Heart failure was the most frequent cause of prescribing diuretic therapy (n = 25). Cessation of diuretic therapy caused a mean increase in systolic blood pressure of 13.5 (9.2 to 17.8) mm Hg and in diastolic pressure of 4.6 (1.9 to 7.3) mm Hg.Withdrawal of long-term diuretic treatment in elderly patients leads to symptoms of heart failure or increase in blood pressure to hypertensive values in most cases. Any attempt to withdraw diuretic therapy requires careful monitoring conditions, notably during the initial four weeks.
Protein and 28S ribosomal RNA fractional turnover rates in the rat heart after abdominal aortic stenosis
Authors: A. RAY, M.-C. AUMONT, J. AUSSEDAT, J. BERCOVICI, A. ROSSI, B. SWYNGHEDAUW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The rate of synthesis of myocardial proteins and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) was measured during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats using a continuous intracardiac infusion of l4 C-tyrosine and 3H-uridine in unanaesthetised animals. Cardiac overload was induced by abdominal aortic stenosis. Left ventricular weight and total myocardial RNA concentration were significantly increased on day 4 after aortic stenosis (+19% and +18% respectively). On day 8 left ventricular weight reached +52% whereas RNA concentration had not increased further (+13%). The fractional turnover rates were calculated using the specific activities of intracellular free tyrosine and free uracil nucleotides (precursors) and those of protein bound tyrosine and 28S rRNA bound uridine monophosphate (products) respectively. The fractional rate of synthesis of proteins and rRNA (expressed as percentage per day) increased from 24% to 45% for proteins and from 25% to 34% for rRNA and peaked by day 2. The RNA activity, expressed as gram of protein synthesised per day and per gram of total RNA, was unchanged on day 1 and reached a maximal value on day 2 (+107%). These results suggest that the pre-existing ribosomal RNA could be underutilised under control conditions and that the boosting of RNA transcription, associated with that of protein translation, is a complementary process rather than a prerequisite for the transition period leading to hypertrophy.
HEMOPHILIA. II. SOME PROPERTIES OF A SUBSTANCE OBTAINED FROM NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA EFFECTIVE IN ACCELERATING THE COAGULATION OF HEMOPHILIC BLOOD
Authors: Arthur J. Patek, F. H. L. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

In previous studies (1) it was observed that citrated normal plasma rendered free of cellular elements by Berkefeld filtration, contained a sub- stance which accelerated the clotting time of hemophilic blood.A preliminary report (2) in- dicated that the clot-promoting substance was as- sociated with a saline soluble globulin fraction, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies with hemophilic blood.The present report de- scribes in detail the nature of the latter observa- tions.Effect of temperature on the coagulation-accelerating substance contained in filtered 1 normal plasma.Citrated normal plasma, which had been passed through a Berkefeld filter was diluted with 0.85 per cent NaCl solution to make one part of 1 Hereafter in this paper the term " filter " will denote passage through the Berkefeld filter.saline to two parts of plasma.Dilution was used in order to bring out gradations in potency.Separate portions were then kept for a constant time, 16 hours, at 100, 240, 370, and 460 C. Equivalent amounts were added by a standard technique 2 to hemophilic blood and the clotting times noted.A slight turbidity appeared in the portions kept at 370 and 460 C. but there was neither true precipitation nor bacterial growth.There was complete inactivation of the material when kept at 460 C. for sixteen hours.At the lower tem- peratures there was no essential change.This study was then amplified to determine the effect of varying times of exposure to certain constant temperatures (Table I).Again filtered 2 This technique for testing the clot-promoting power of substances upon hemophilic blood was described in the first paper of this series (1).TABLE IEffec on clotting time of hemophilic blood of adding filtered normal plasma which had been subjected to different temperatures Clotting time Case I Case II minutes 2 cc.control hemophilic blood ........