tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urea breath tests in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: R P H Logan
Journal: Gut (1998)

The 13/14 C-Urea breath test (UBT) is based on the simple principle that a solution of isotopically labelled urea will be rapidly hydrolysed by the abundantly expressed urease of H pylori.The released 13/14 CO 2 is absorbed across the mucus layer to the gastric mucosa and hence, via the systemic circulation, excreted in the expired breath.Distribution of urea throughout the stomach prevents sampling error and allows semiquantitative assessments of the extent of H pylori infection.Originally the 13 C-UBT was complex, cumbersome and costly but, by simplifying the protocol and reducing the number of samples to be analysed, is now a much easier, quicker and cheaper test for detecting H pylori.Although mass spectrometry is needed for analysis of exhaled 13 CO 2 , the use of the stable isotope, which is completely safe, provides advantages over the 14 C-UBT using radioactive 14 C-urea, such that it can be used in women and children and a user's licence is not required.The widespread availability of scintigraphy for 14 CO 2 analysis may make the 14 C-UBT seem an attractive alternative to the 13 C-UBT.However, there are no standard protocols for the 14 C-UBT and although the methods are similar, several diVerent cut oV values are used which makes formal validation studies still necessary.Both tests are easy to perform with minimum opportunity for observer variation or methodological error; they are very sensitive and specific tests and provide a clinical "gold standard" against which the accuracy of other tests can be validated.The 13/14 C-UBT detects only current infection and can be used to screen for H pylori infection and as the sole method for assessing eradication.In addition, because the 13 C-UBT can be performed repeatedly in the same subject, it can be used to monitor the eVects of novel anti-H pylori therapies and for epidemiological studies in children.
Bone-marrow necrosis and Q fever.
Authors: M Brada, A J Bellingham
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension in West Indians, Asians, and whites in Birmingham, England Hypertension is more common in black Americans than whites and is also common in Jamaica.1 2 In Jamaica heart attacks are infrequent, and mortality in blacks in Britain may also be lower.3The prevalence and complications of hypertension among West Indians in Britain have not yet been systematically examined.After observing that heart attacks seemed unduly uncommon in this group we examined admissions to Dudley Road Hospital over five years and compared rates for heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes among the three main ethnic groups.Number ( %) of admissions for all causes (excluding obstetrics and gynaecology) compared with heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension among ethnic groups aged 30 to 59 years during 1974 to 1978 inclusive Place of birth Reason for Total admission Europe and UK West Indies India, Pakistan, Other/not known Bangladesh Men All admissions 11 157 (71-4) 1227 (7-9) 2289 (14-7) 951 (6-1) 15 624 Heart attack 513 (73-7) 30 (4-3) 109 (15-7) 44 (6-3) 696* Stroke 322 (71-1) 47 (10-4) 51 (11-2) 33 (7-3) 435t
Duodenogastric reflux: a cause of gastric mucosal hyperaemia and symptoms after operations for peptic ulceration.
Authors: M R Keighley, P Asquith, J Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1975)

This study has investigated the possible association between duodenogastric reflux, gastritis, and symptoms in 35 patients with or without dyspepsia one to 15 years after gastric surgery. Five patients were excluded because of biliary disease, hiatus hernia, or recurrent ulceration. The remaining 30 were assessed by a symptomatic score, measurement, of bilirubin and sodium concentrations in samples of fasting gastric juice, endoscopy, gastric biopsy, and the presence of radiological reflux. In 15 patients with a symptom score of less than the median, gastric bilirubin levels were less than 1 mg/100 ml in 80%; severe endoscopic changes were seen in only one patient and reflux was not observed. In contrast, in patients with a symptom score in excess of the median fluoroscopic and biochemical reflux was seen in 69 and 80% respectively and severe mucosal hyperaemia in half. There was a significant correlation between symptoms, gastric hyperaemia, and duodenal reflus ( P smaller than 0-02).
Spinal cord injuries have fallen in rugby union players in New South Wales
Authors: S. F Wilson, P. A Atkin, T. Rotem, J. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Under normal circumstances we would leave it to Purves to decide when and how to publish the results of the evaluation.In the light of the intense interest in the project among doctors and industry, however, we took the rather unusual step of inviting Purves to prepare an interim report that we could put in the public domain.2The interim report is just that: an appreciation of work in progress, not a definitive statement of results.The conclusions in the report ("our very tentative assessment ...") are guarded, and the strongest claims are made not for the Prodigy system itself but for only the general concept of patient specific decision support.Those who wish to see formal tests of statisti- cal significance will have to wait patiently, as we are doing, for the final report.In the meantime, we continue to have every confidence in the integrity, statistical or otherwise, of Purves and his team.
Lichen myxoedematosus with associated cardiac abnormalities
Authors: R. Morris-Jones, R.C.D. Staughton, M. Walker, D.J. Sheridan, K. Rajappan, J. Leonard, C. Hardman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Lichen myxoedematosus with associated cardiac abnormalities Get access R. Morris‐Jones, R. Morris‐Jones Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.C.D. Staughton, R.C.D. Staughton Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Walker, M. Walker Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Sheridan, D.J. Sheridan Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Rajappan, K. Rajappan Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Leonard, J. Leonard Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Hardman C. Hardman Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Departments of *Dermatology, †Histopathology and ‡Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 594–596, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04091.x Published: 01 March 2001
Low sodium diet corrects the defect in lymphocyte beta-adrenergic responsiveness in hypertensive subjects.
Authors: R D Feldman, W J Lawton, W L McArdle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To determine the role of dietary sodium intake in the reduction in beta-adrenergic sensitivity in hypertension, lymphocyte beta-receptors from 8 borderline hypertensive and 16 normotensive subjects were studied after 5 d on a high sodium diet (400 meq/d) and also following a low sodium diet (10 meq/d). During the high sodium diet, lymphocyte beta-receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, expressed as the relative increase over basal levels stimulated by the beta-agonist isoproterenol, was significantly (P less than 0.025) decreased in hypertensive (24 +/- 5%, mean +/- SE) compared with normotensive (42 +/- 4%) subjects. Neither beta-receptor density nor the proportion of nonsequestered beta-receptors differed between groups. A low sodium diet significantly increased beta-receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in hypertensives (low sodium, 51 +/- 7%; high sodium, 24 +/- 5%, P less than 0.025) to a level not different than that of normotensives (46 +/- 5%). Thus, reduced lymphocyte beta-receptor responsiveness in hypertensive subjects is not due to beta-receptor sequestration and is corrected on a low sodium diet. Dietary sodium may be an important factor in the beta-receptor defect in early hypertension.
Follow-Up Care, Surveillance Protocol, and Secondary Prevention Measures for Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement
Authors: Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Pamela B. Mangu, Patrick J. Flynn, Larissa Korde, Charles L. Loprinzi, Bruce D. Minsky, Nicholas J. Petrelli, Kim Ryan, Deborah H. Schrag, Sandra L. Wong, Al B. Benson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing recent clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations. Methods The Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) Guideline on Follow-up Care, Surveillance Protocol, and Secondary Prevention Measures for Survivors of Colorectal Cancer was reviewed by ASCO for methodologic rigor and considered for endorsement. Results The ASCO Panel concurred with the CCO recommendations and recommended endorsement, with the addition of several qualifying statements. Conclusion Surveillance should be guided by presumed risk of recurrence and functional status of the patient (important within the first 2 to 4 years). Medical history, physical examination, and carcinoembryonic antigen testing should be performed every 3 to 6 months for 5 years. Patients at higher risk of recurrence should be considered for testing in the more frequent end of the range. A computed tomography scan (abdominal and chest) is recommended annually for 3 years, in most cases. Positron emission tomography scans should not be used for surveillance outside of a clinical trial. A surveillance colonoscopy should be performed 1 year after the initial surgery and then every 5 years, dictated by the findings of the previous one. If a colonoscopy was not preformed before diagnosis, it should be done after completion of adjuvant therapy (before 1 year). Secondary prevention (maintaining a healthy body weight and active lifestyle) is recommended. If a patient is not a candidate for surgery or systemic therapy because of severe comorbid conditions, surveillance tests should not be performed. A treatment plan from the specialist should have clear directions on appropriate follow-up by a nonspecialist.
Effect of coronary thrombus age on fibrinogen uptake.
Authors: C B Moschos, H A Oldewurtel, B Haider, T J Regan
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A study was carried out to define the time limits during which an experimental coronary thrombus remains capable of incorporating fibrinogen. 131I-fibrinogen was given to intact anesthetized dogs at different time intervals, up to 67 hours, following the formation of a coronary thrombus by catheter-electrode. Radioactivity of the recovered thrombi as a whole and segmentally divided, was determined following variable time intervals of exposure to circulating fibrinogen and was expressed as thrombus/blood ratio. The results indicate that coronary thrombi formed in a normal coronary vessel remain capable of incorporating fibrinogen for at least eighteen hours, with no significant differences in the segmental distribution of radioactivity. These findings do not support the view that the recovery of isotopic fibrinogen, which was given after the onset of coronary symptoms, in thrombi from patients with myocardial infarction establishes that the thrombus was initiated after the ischemic process.
NHS launches electronic resource for research into ethnicity and health
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS in England and Wales has launched a free electronic resource to bring together quality assured medical research relating to different ethnic groups and cultures.

Muir Gray, director of clinical knowledge, process, and safety for Connecting for Health—which oversees the implementation of the NHS's national programme for information technology—said that the web based library (www.library.nhs.uk/ethnicity) will highlight substantial gaps in the knowledge of how treatments affect specific ethnic minorities. He said, “This, I hope, will inspire new research and clinical trials that …
A Comparison of Oral and Topical Corticosteroids in Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Pascal Joly, Jean-Claude Roujeau, Jacques Benichou, Catherine Picard, Brigitte Dreno, Emmanuel Delaporte, Loïc Vaillant, Michel D'Incan, Patrice Plantin, Christophe Bedane, Paul Young, Philippe Bernard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease of the elderly. Because elderly people have low tolerance for standard regimens of oral corticosteroids, we studied whether highly potent topical corticosteroids could decrease mortality while controlling disease.
Serendipitous Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism on Pulmonary Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Garima Agrawal, Barry A. Siegel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in a 28-year-old woman being evaluated for suspected pulmonary embolism showed no pulmonary abnormalities, but demonstrated diffusely increased activity in an enlarged thyroid gland on the Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin images. There was no history of prior radiopharmaceutical administration. Absent activity in the brain excluded a right-to-left shunt. Thus, the thyroidal uptake procedure likely indicated uptake of free Tc-99m pertechnetate in the 2-hour-old radiopharmaceutical preparation. The considerably higher thyroid uptake relative to gastric, renal, and salivary gland uptake suggested a hyperfunctioning thyroid, with increased trapping of Tc-99m pertechnetate. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was confirmed by thyroid function testing.
Aortic Regurgitation Index Defines Severity of Peri-Prosthetic Regurgitation and Predicts Outcome in Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jan-Malte Sinning, Christoph Hammerstingl, Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera, Viktoria Adenauer, Sisa Josefina Lema Cachiguango, Anne-Cathérine Scheer, Sven Hausen, Alexander Sedaghat, Alexander Ghanem, Cornelius Müller, Eberhard Grube, Georg Nickenig, Nikos Werner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
847. Combined Oncolytic Adenovirus with Double Suicide Gene in Killing Lung Cancer
Authors: Ju Feng Zhang, Chen Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Oncolytic adenoviruses is the use of genetically engineered adenoviruses that specifically target and destroy tumor cells via their cytolytic replication cycle and also may provide a highly efficient means of delivering therapeutic genes to tumor,which combines the advantages of gene therapy and viral therapy. Adenovirus vector Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep (A telomerase gene-derived promoter was used to control the expression of the E1A gene ) was constructed and cytosine deaminase(CD)/herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase(HSV-1 TK) fusion gene were inserted into Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep to form Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep -CD/TK. The (5- FC+GCV) produg enhanced the tumor cell-specific cytopathic effects of the Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep -CD/TK against A549 human lung cancer cell.Neither the Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep-CD/TK nor suicide gene system showed significant toxicity to normal human fibroblast or epithelial cells. Furthermore,we demonstrated that the survival of A549 human lung cancer xenografted mice treated with Ad5- hTERT -E1Arep -CD/TK alone was prolonged.Therapeutic outcome was dramatically improved with systemic administration of double prodrug (5-FC+GCV) therapy. These data demonstrate that combination of oncolytic adenoviruses with the (CD+TK)/(5- FC+GCV) suicide gene system resulted in a striking improvement in treatment efficacy.
What We Think and What We Know
Authors: John Buse, Laura Raftery
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

This is an editorial that has found a voice only after a lot of struggle about what ought to be said and what ought not. In this issue, Crespo et al. (1) examined data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and reported that postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have better lipoprotein profiles as well as some improvement in components of the metabolic syndrome when compared with those not taking HRT.

Timing is everything. When the authors prepared the manuscript, when the reviewers and editors accepted it, and in fact when we were asked to prepare this editorial, studies like these were sufficient reason for health care providers to recommend that their postmenopausal diabetic patients consider HRT. In the absence of randomized controlled clinical-trial data, cross-sectional data suggesting benefits for intermediate measures of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk might constitute “best evidence.” In the HRT field, epidemiological studies inconsistently demonstrating an increased risk of breast cancer were the major limitation to wholesale adoption of HRT in our society.

Diabetic women suffer from four times the risk of CVD as nondiabetic women. Until a few weeks ago, the prevailing wisdom, based on such cross-sectional data, was to prescribe HRT for postmenopausal woman, with an aim to reduce CVD risk, prevent osteoporosis, and with exuberant hope, preserve memory, thwart dementia, keep skin supple, promote sexual well-being, as well as promote overall health and vitality. Many astute physicians were vexed by the results of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), a randomized controlled study published in 1998 that demonstrated that HRT had an early adverse effect in women with preexisting coronary disease (2). The authors suggested “given the favorable pattern of CHD events after several years of therapy, it could be appropriate for women already receiving this …
Do senior registrars have adequate management training?
Authors: E. M. Gadd, M. F. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Lipoprotein(a) concentrations (median and 95% confidence intervals) in matchedpatients with coronary heart disease, controls, andpatients with varying degrees ofcirrhosisdetectable in seven of the 10 patients in group C.There was no difference between those with alcohol related cirrhosis and those with non-alcohol related cirrhosis.In controls and patients with heart disease there was no association between alcohol consumption (based on recall and expressed as units/week) and lipoprotein(a) concentrations.
Cerebral glioma after cranial prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Authors: M R Judge, O B Eden, P O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation: 9 ans apres traitement efficace d'une leucemie aigue, avec entre autres irradiation prophylactique du crâne, une fillette presente un astrocytome important de l'hemisphere droit. Confirmation a l'autopsie (mort quelques heures apres exerese partielle)
Gene expression analysis identifies global gene dosage sensitivity in cancer
Authors: Rudolf S N Fehrmann, Juha M Karjalainen, Małgorzata Krajewska, Harm-Jan Westra, David Maloney, Anton Simeonov, Tune H Pers, Joel N Hirschhorn, Ritsert C Jansen, Erik A Schultes, Herman H H B M van Haagen, Elisabeth G E de Vries, Gerard J te Meerman, Cisca Wijmenga, Marcel A T M van Vugt, Lude Franke
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Abstract 2726: Atrial Fibrillation in Two Mouse Models With Human CPVT Ryanodine Receptor Mutations
Authors: Jian Shan, Bixing Chen, Andrew R Marks
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring cardiac arrhythmia in humans. Multiple mechanisms potentially induce AF, but the role of altered atrial Ca2+ cycling in AF etiology is unclear. The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the major Ca2+ release channel in myocytes and controls the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction. RyR2 mutations are implicated in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), but it is unknown whether RyR2 dysfunction is involved in AF. CPVT patients are known to exhibit atrial arrhythmias, indicating that altered RyR2 function may play a role in the development of AF. We generated two “knock-in” mouse models of human CPVT, RyR2-R2474S and RyR2-N2386I. We used an intra-esophageal burst pacing protocol to examine the inducibility of AF in these two human CPVT mouse models. Both mutant mice exhibited AF after burst pacing (R2474S, 50%, n = 10; N2386I, 50%, n = 10) in contrast to wild-type (WT) littermates (0%, n = 10, P < 0...
Disassembling bacterial extracellular matrix with DNase-coated nanoparticles to enhance antibiotic delivery in biofilm infections
Authors: Aida Baelo, Riccardo Levato, Esther Julián, Anna Crespo, José Astola, Joan Gavaldà, Elisabeth Engel, Miguel Angel Mateos-Timoneda, Eduard Torrents
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Aspirin, the Ageless Remedy?
Authors: John A. Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

I have no other motives for publishing this valuable specific than that it may have a fair and full trial in all its variety of circumstances and situations, and that the world may reap the benefits accruing from it.In 1763 the Reverend Edward Stone of Chipping Norton submitted a brief letter to the Royal Society in which he described his discovery of the benefit of willow bark for the treatment of ague. His wish, quoted above, is still being fulfilled in new ways. True, the analgesic property of willow bark, which contains salicylates, was known by Hippocrates as well . . .
Multiple Confluent Telangiectatic Lesions Following Radiation Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Y. Komuro, T. Watanabe, H. Nagawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 Endoscopic view of chronic radiation-induced proctitis. The anterior rectal mucosa appeared edematous and friable with multiple confluent neovascular telangiectatic lesions. The patient had been treated 3 years previously for prostate cancer, with a total dose of 60 Gy.