tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trials With Statistically Nonsignificant Results
Authors: David B. Allison
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Internal Mammary Artery Conduit on Long-Term Outcomes After Percutaneous Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft”
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, Emily Honeycutt, Eric D. Peterson, Christopher B. Granger, Abdul R. Halabi, Linda K. Shaw, Peter K. Smith, Robert M. Califf, Robert A. Harrington, Michael H. Sketch
Journal: Circulation (2006)
P14 ACUTE EFFECT OF UDENAFIL ON PORTAL PRESSURE IN CIRRHOTIC RATS
Authors: F.E. Uschner, S. Klein, R. Schierwagen, C. Strassburg, W. Kreisel, B. Tewes, P. Deibert, T. Sauerbruch, J. Trebicka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Supplement of Nitric Oxide Attenuates Neutrophil-Mediated Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Hirotsugu Fukuda, Yoshiki Sawa, Keishi Kadoba, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Yasuhisa Shimazaki, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Nitric oxide (NO) derived from the endothelial cell has been identified as a constitutive chemical mediator that regulates the function of the endothelial cell in association with neutrophil (PMN) adhesion and activation. However, its role in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury is not clear. Methods and Results Fifteen isolated rat hearts were perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and subjected to 20 minutes of global and normothermic ischemia. Then the hearts were reperfused for 45 minutes with different protocols: the control (C) group was reperfused without PMNs, the P group was reperfused with PMNs, and the N group was reperfused with PMNs and nitroprusside (10 −5 mol/L). The ozone chemiluminescence method was used for direct measurement of NO in the coronary effluent during reperfusion. NO in the coronary effluent in the C group decreased at reperfusion after normoxic perfusion, and this decrease in NO continued for the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. Percentage recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and coronary flow was significantly lower in the P group than that in the N group. Also, the N group had a significantly lesser Luminol-elicited chemiluminescence of the coronary effluent and ratio of PMN adherence to myocardial vasculature compared with the P group. Conclusions This study demonstrated directly the decrease in NO production during reperfusion and showed that supplement of NO with NO donor attenuated the injury in which PMNs were involved. The results suggest that NO plays a significant role in reperfusion injury and that supplement of NO during reperfusion appears to be useful to attenuate this injury.
Abstract 2361: Establishing a patient-derived heterotransplant mouse model of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Shaohua Peng, Banibrata Sen, Tuhina Mazumdar, Jeffrey Myers, Diana Bell, Michelle Williams, Adel El-Naggar, Faye M. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There are approximately 47,000 new cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed in the United States each year. The survival rate has not improved significantly in the past 30 years. The development of new therapies for HNSCC and the understanding of its biology both depend upon clinically relevant animal models. There are several existing animal models for HNSCC that include chemically-induced cancer models, syngeneic models using animal cancer cells, transgenic mice, and xenograft models using cultured human HNSCC cell lines injected into immunocompromised mice, either subcutaneously or orthotopically. An increasingly promising xenograft model, the heterotransplant model, is developed by surgically implanting tumor tissue directly from a patient into an immunocompromised mouse. The resulting tumor is serially passaged in vivo and never cultured on plastic. We have transplanted 20 HNSCC primary tumors from untreated patients directly into mice that included 17 tongue tumors, one maxillary gingival tumor, and two from the floor of the mouth. Although several tumors grew initially in mice, only 2 of 20 (10%) established tumors that could be serially passaged and used for therapeutic and mechanistic studies. One cell line has been established from a tongue heterotransplant (HOSC1). The two established heterotransplants maintained the histological appearance of the original tumors. To test the biological and molecular signaling response of HNSCC to targeted therapy, we utilized one heterotransplant that was passaged into 40 mice. Both the Src inhibitor dasatinib and the JAK inhibitor INCB16562 modestly inhibited tumor growth; the combination was significantly more effective than the single agents. Likewise, the tumors treated with the combination had significantly more apoptosis and less proliferation than control tumors. Consistent with our published in vitro results, Src inhibition did not result in STAT3 inhibition, but JAK inhibition abrogated STAT3 activation. Src was inhibited in vivo by dasatinib. Our results demonstrate that the heterotransplant model of HNSCC has promise as an in vivo model to test the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. The low “take rate” is problematic but will be addressed in the future by intra-operative biopsies and larger tumor specimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2361. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2361
The Molecular Evolution of Catalatic Hydroperoxidases: Evidence for Multiple Lateral Transfer of Genes Between Prokaryota and from Bacteria into Eukaryota
Authors: M. G. Klotz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The past decade has produced an increasing number of reports on horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic organisms. Only recently, with the flood of available whole genome sequence data and a renewed intensity of the debate about the universal tree of life, a very few reports on lateral gene transfer (LGT) from prokaryotes into the Eukaryota have been published. We have investigated and report here on the molecular evolution of the gene families that encode catalatic hydroperoxidases. We have found that this process included not only frequent horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes but also several lateral gene transfer events between bacteria and fungi and between bacteria and the protistan ancestor of the alga/plant lineage.
Minding the gap: Why there is still no theory in comparative psychology
Authors: Clive D. L. Wynne, Johan J. Bolhuis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The prevailing view that there is significant cognitive continuity between humans and other animals is a result of misinterpretations of the role of evolution, combined with anthropomorphism. This combination has often resulted in an over-interpretation of data from animal experiments. Comparative psychology should do what the name indicates: study the cognitive capacities of different species empirically, without naive evolutionary presuppositions.
High potency cannabis is associated with tripled risk of psychosis, study indicates
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Users of high potency (“skunk-like”) cannabis are three times as likely to have a psychotic episode as people who never use cannabis, and the risk is fivefold in people who smoke this form of the drug every day, a study published in Lancet Psychiatry this week concludes.1

Between 1 May 2005 and 31 May 2011 researchers from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London studied 410 patients who had experienced a first episode of psychosis and collected data on their cannabis use. These data were compared with data collected from 370 people from the …
Heat attack, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension in West Indians, Asians, and whites.
Authors: S J Bentley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

diastolic hypertension may be expected to be one-third to a half of those with a casual elevation of pressure1 2-that is, less than two million.We cannot condone the indiscriminate labelling of persons as hypertensive when they have only a transient anxiety-related rise in blood pressure.These patients, if treated, may experience a marked reduction in blood pressure and such treatment may not be in the best interests of the patients.As Anderson has shown,3 from the Framingham data, cardiovascular events do not increase until the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90-99 mm Hg.There may be no benefit from reducing lower levels of diastolic pressure.
What Happens to “Bad” Girls? A Review of the Adult Outcomes of Antisocial Adolescent Girls
Authors: Kathleen A. Pajer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The purpose of this article is to review critically the data on the adult outcomes of adolescent girls with antisocial behavior.Five literature databases were searched for studies on the adult outcomes of girls with either conduct disorder or delinquency.Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. As adults, antisocial girls manifested increased mortality rates, a 10- to 40-fold increase in the rate of criminality, substantial rates of psychiatric morbidity, dysfunctional and often violent relationships, and high rates of multiple service utilization. Possible explanations for these findings include a pervasive biological or psychological deficit or baseline heterogeneity in the population of antisocial girls.This review establishes that female adolescent antisocial behavior has important long-term individual and societal consequences. At present, there are insufficient data to enable us to prevent these outcomes or treat them if they occur. Future research should include cross-sectional studies detailing the phenomenology of female antisocial behavior and longitudinal investigations that not only track development into adulthood but also explore the role of potential modifying variables such as prefrontal lobe dysfunction and psychiatric comorbidity.
A Rational Framework for the Development, Evaluation, and Use of Psychoactive Drugs
Authors: SAMUEL IRWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The author attempts to construct a model for patient assessment and psychiatric drug therapy akin to that of somatic therapy. It is suggested that drug effects on major target functions of behavior can form a basis for their rational selection and use and attention is drawn to their actions of probable therapeutic significance. Rejected as relatively unsatisfactory is the present tendency to select drugs on the basis of their presumed effects on diagnostic entities.
Cutaneous microcirculation in systemic sclerosis and response to intra-arterial reserpine.
Authors: K H Nilsen, M I Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The cutaneous microcirculation in the hand was measured in 23 patients with systemic sclerosis, 19 with Raynaud's phenomenon and four without Raynaud's phenomenon, and 20 controls. The patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had a reduced basal blood flow and an exaggerated further reduction on local cold stimulation, though both were normal in patients without Raynaud's phenomenon. Reflex-induced vascular changes by cold stimulation of the contralateral hand showed no differences between the three groups. The blood flows were similar in the affected skin of the anterior chest wall in four patients with systemic sclerosis and peripheral Raynaud's phenomenon and matched controls. In the seven most severely affected patients 1 mg of intra-arterial reserpine produced a prompt improvement in the cutaneous microcirculation which usually lasted one to three weeks but occasionally much longer. By judicious use of repeated injection guided by measurements of the microcirculation it was possible to heal indolent ulcers of the fingers. The results indicate that vascular changes are common in systemic sclerosis but are not fundamental in the pathogenesis of the disease. More probably there is a general soft tissue abnormality that usually but not necessarily affects the vessels.
Invasive fungal infection and impaired neutrophil killing in human CARD9 deficiency
Authors: Agata Drewniak, Roel P. Gazendam, Anton T. J. Tool, Michel van Houdt, Machiel H. Jansen, John L. van Hamme, Ester M. M. van Leeuwen, Dirk Roos, Emmanuel Scalais, Carine de Beaufort, Hans Janssen, Timo K. van den Berg, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2013)
Patients prefer hospital follow up for cancer
Authors: R. Glynne-Jones, I. Chait, S. Thomas, I. Trotman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

are shorter and of a finite duration.Our qualifications, both public and private, were that a large increase in the number of consultants was needed, which would require greatly increased resources, and that the scheme should be introduced gradually over 10 years.Fourthly, many of the questions posed in table I of the paper are only tangentially relevant to the
A Localizing Symptom in Thoracic Myelopathy
Authors: JAY A. LIVESON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The sensation of an electric shock described by Lhermitte has become accepted as an indication of cervical cord lesions and is described in most texts as elicited by neck flexion. This sensation may also occur in the presence of a thoracic cord lesion with trunk flexion. A patient had this symptom during trunk flexion, caused by documented extradural compression of the thoracic cord. After surgical decompression, the electrical shocks were no longer felt. The clinician is alerted to this symptom as an indication of a spinal cord lesion. More specifically it suggests a thoracic cord lesion if it is elicited by flexion of the trunk and not by flexion of the neck.
Factors Predictive of Remission of New-Onset Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Pichaporn Artornsombudh, Maxwell Pistilli, C. Stephen Foster, Siddharth S. Pujari, Sapna S. Gangaputra, Douglas A. Jabs, Grace A. Levy-Clarke, Robert B. Nussenblatt, James T. Rosenbaum, Eric B. Suhler, Jennifer E. Thorne, John H. Kempen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
A fusion protein N-cadherin-Fc as an artificial extracellular matrix surface for maintenance of stem cell features
Authors: Xiao-Shan Yue, Yuta Murakami, Toshiyuki Tamai, Masato Nagaoka, Chong-Su Cho, Yoshihiro Ito, Toshihiro Akaike
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Histone H2AX is integral to hypoxia-driven neovascularization
Authors: Matina Economopoulou, Harald F Langer, Arkady Celeste, Valeria V Orlova, Eun Young Choi, Mingchao Ma, Athanassios Vassilopoulos, Elsa Callen, Chuxia Deng, Craig H Bassing, Manfred Boehm, Andre Nussenzweig, Triantafyllos Chavakis
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Subdiaphragmatic Haematocele Due to Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: E. G. W. Hoffstaedt
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Artificial pneumoperitoneum (P.-P.) is a less risky collapse procedure than A.P., but there is evidence that P.-P. is not free from complications.Trivial as well as serious, and even fatal, complications have been reported.No serious consequences of needle puncture of the bowel have been described, but small peritoneal effusions are a fairly frequent and usually harmless event, and transient gastro-intestinal disturbances sometimes interfere with the continuation of treatment.Cohen (1948) published four serious cases of tuberculous ascites following P.-P., and -he feels "that the development of ascites in the course-of artificial pneumoperitoneum may be a grave complication which should be watched for."Another point is that fluid, developing under collapse treatment, might occasionally consist of blood, or might at least contain a proportion of blood.
Constitutively Active Adenosine Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Peter E. Light, Catriona H.R. Wallace, Jason R.B. Dyck
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Some PRKAG2 mutations in the human gene encoding for the gamma-subunit of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) recently have been shown to cause rhythm disturbances (often fatal) in affected patients.Rat ventricular myocytes were infected with an adenoviral vector designed to express a truncated constitutively active mutant (T172D) of the AMPK alpha1-subunit (CA-AMPK). The human cardiac sodium channel hH1 and CA-AMPK were also coexpressed in a mammalian cell line. Patch-clamp techniques were used to measure myocyte action potentials and recombinant hH1 sodium channel currents. Our results demonstrate that action potential duration is significantly prolonged in myocytes expressing the CA-AMPK construct, leading to the production of potentially arrhythmogenic early afterdepolarizations. Recombinant sodium channel current analysis revealed that expression of CA-AMPK significantly slowed open-state inactivation and shifted the voltage-activation curve in a hyperpolarizing direction.We propose that sodium channels may be substrates for AMPK, possibly contributing to the observed arrhythmogenic activity in patients with some PRKAG2 mutations.
Prosecution for assisting death is less likely if patients are not known to doctors
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors who help severely disabled or terminally ill people to end their lives are less likely to be prosecuted, under amended guidance issued by the director of public prosecutions (DPP), as long as the person who is helped to die is not the doctor’s own patient.

The change in the guidelines1 means that a doctor not currently caring for the patient but brought in to assist will be no more likely than a friend or family member to be prosecuted for aiding a suicide. Under the previous guidance, the fact that the helper was a health professional was a factor in favour of prosecution.

The DPP, …
Atherosclerosis in Europeans and Bantu
Authors: B. J. MEYER, W. J. PEPLER, A. C. MEYER, J. J. THERON
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The atherosclerotic "profile" of the aorta, coronary, and cerebral arteries was gauged by the atherosclerotic index method of Gore and Tejada 12 in 540 unselected white and Bantu autopsy cases. The atherosclerotic indices were very low in all cases until about the third decade. Thereafter there was a progressive rise, which was most dramatic in the aorta and coronary arteries of white men. The aorta and coronary arteries of the white subjects were more severely affected than those of the Bantu whereas the cerebral arteries were about equally affected in the two racial groups. The 540 cases included 87 white men, 58 white women, 111 Bantu men, and 85 Bantu women over the age of 25 years. Of the 87 white men 10 had died from coronary occlusion and five from cerebrovascular accidents. Of the 111 Bantu men none died from coronary occlusive disease and seven of cerebrovascular accidents. Five of the 58 white women died at an advanced age from coronary occlusion; seven died from cerebrovascular accidents. None of the Bantu women died from coronary occlusion and seven from cerebrovascular accidents. Severe atherosclerosis was almost invariably present in cases that died from coronary occlusion suggesting that at least in white persons, coronary atherosclerosis directly predisposes to coronary occlusion. In patients who died from cerebrovascular accidents, macroscopically discernible atherosclerosis was not invariably present. It is suggested that the wide difference in the percentage of "coronary deaths" in the two ethnic groups is due to the much greater frequency of severe coronary atherosclerosis in white persons than in the Bantu. The close correlation between the percentage of "cerebral deaths" in white and Bantu subjects, on the other hand, is not merely the result of equal occurrence or equal susceptibility of the cerebral arteries to atherosclerosis in the two racial groups, but is rather the integrated result of one or more of the following factors: (1) the relative weakness of the cerebrovascular walls, (2) the relative common occurrence of cerebral artery aneurysms (congenital aneurysms), (3) such atherosclerosis as may be present, and (4) rise in blood pressure. Atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries apparently played a somewhat more important role in white persons than in the Bantu.
The Controversy over Guidant's Implantable Defibrillators
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

On October 4, 2001, Joshua Oukrop, a Minnesota teenager with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a high risk of sudden death from ventricular fibrillation, received an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD). The device was a Ventak Prizm 2 DR Model 1861 manufactured by Guidant (Indianapolis). After it was implanted, Oukrop's physicians at the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation checked it every three months (most recently on January 31, 2005) and found no problems.1 On March 14, 2005, Oukrop, then a 21-year-old college student, collapsed and died in a remote area of southeastern Utah during a spring-break bicycling trip with his girlfriend.1,2 An autopsy revealed . . .
Parallel domestication of the Shattering1 genes in cereals
Authors: Zhongwei Lin, Xianran Li, Laura M Shannon, Cheng-Ting Yeh, Ming L Wang, Guihua Bai, Zhao Peng, Jiarui Li, Harold N Trick, Thomas E Clemente, John Doebley, Patrick S Schnable, Mitchell R Tuinstra, Tesfaye T Tesso, Frank White, Jianming Yu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
817 SEMIANNUAL VERSUS ANNUAL SURVEILLANCE OF CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: IS THERE A WINNER?
Authors: V. Santi, F. Trevisani, P. Del Poggio, M.A. Di Nolfo, L. Benvegnù, F. Farinati, M. Zoli, E.G. Giannini, F. Borzio, E. Caturelli, M. Chiaramonte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A Subset of Interleukin-21+ Chemokine Receptor CCR9+ T Helper Cells Target Accessory Organs of the Digestive System in Autoimmunity
Authors: Helen M. McGuire, Alexis Vogelzang, Cindy S. Ma, William E. Hughes, Pablo A. Silveira, Stuart G. Tangye, Daniel Christ, David Fulcher, Marika Falcone, Cecile King
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Tumors of the Large Bowel
Authors: Gordon A. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It is impossible to do justice to this far-ranging volume in a short review. The eighth in a series of monographs dealing with "Major Problems in Clinical Surgery," edited by J. Engleburt Dunphy, this book is both informative and readable. The authors have reviewed their combined experience in the vast amount of material found at the Mayo Clinic. Although in general agreement on all major considerations, there are some differences of opinion in the management of certain lesions of the bowel. These differences have been allowed to remain in print, and they enhance the value of the book. Section 1 is an exhibit of excellent color photographs of anorectal lesions, taken mostly via the proctoscope, and in color and clarity are a credit to the publisher. Section 2 categorizes polyps of the intestine into diminutive, intermediate, and large size types. The 150-page presentation is a sound, clinical exposition of the