tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vesicular monoamine transporters: Structure‐function, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry
Authors: Kandatege Wimalasena
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) are responsible for the uptake of cytosolic monoamines into synaptic vesicles in monoaminergic neurons. Two closely related VMATs with distinct pharmacological properties and tissue distributions have been characterized. VMAT1 is preferentially expressed in neuroendocrine cells and VMAT2 is primarily expressed in the CNS. The neurotoxicity and addictive properties of various psychostimulants have been attributed, at least partly, to their interference with VMAT2 functions. The quantitative assessment of the VMAT2 density by PET scanning has been clinically useful for early diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and drug addiction. The classical VMAT2 inhibitor, tetrabenazine, has long been used for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, and recently approved in the United States. The VMAT2 imaging may also be useful for exploiting the onset of diabetes mellitus, as VMAT2 is also expressed in the β-cells of the pancreas. VMAT1 gene SLC18A1 is a locus with strong evidence of linkage with schizophrenia and, thus, the polymorphic forms of the VMAT1 gene may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. This review summarizes the current understanding of the structure-function relationships of VMAT2, and the role of VMAT2 on addiction and psychostimulant-induced neurotoxicity, and the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of specific VMAT2 ligands. The evidence for the linkage of VMAT1 gene with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder I is also discussed.
Lack of Fas antagonism by Met in human fatty liver disease
Authors: Chunbin Zou, Jihong Ma, Xue Wang, Lida Guo, Zhenqi Zhu, John Stoops, Amanda E Eaker, Carla J Johnson, Stephen Strom, George K Michalopoulos, Marie C DeFrances, Reza Zarnegar
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Reactivation of Hepatitis B With Reappearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen After Chemotherapy and Immunosuppression
Authors: Tara N. Palmore, Neeral L. Shah, Rohit Loomba, Brian B. Borg, Uri Lopatin, Jordan J. Feld, Farooq Khokhar, Glen Lutchman, David E. Kleiner, Neal S. Young, Richard Childs, A. John Barrett, T. Jake Liang, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Theo Heller
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
GPs' initial enthusiasm for clinical commissioning groups is waning, report says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic stem cell population characterised by its multipotency and broad developmental potential. Here, we perform NC-specific transcriptional and epigenomic profiling of <i>foxd3</i>-mutant versus wild type cells <i>in vivo</i> to define the gene regulatory circuits controlling NC specification. Together with global binding analysis obtained by foxd3 biotin-ChIP and single cell profiles of <i>foxd3</i>-expressing premigratory NC, our analysis shows that during early steps of NC formation, foxd3 acts globally as a pioneer factor to prime the onset of genes regulating NC specification and migration by re-arranging the chromatin landscape, opening <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements and reshuffing nucleosomes. Strikingly, foxd3 then switches from an activator to its canonical role as a transcriptional repressor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that foxd3 acts bimodally in the neural crest as a switch from permissive to repressive nucleosome/chromatin organisation to maintain stemness and define cell fates.
Textbook of Clinical Cardiology
Authors: Irwin R. Callen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

I enjoyed Dr Goldberger's book very much, but then the reader of this review should realize that I admire most medical texts. Authors face a Herculean task when they undertake a project so vast, even without including, as the present text does, all the attributes I like most in a work on cardiology. In fact, one is reminded of two all-time favorites, Samuel Levine and Paul Wood. While this work is in no way encyclopedic like the output of Luisada, Hurst, or Braunwald, if you read this contribution thoroughly you will glean a good knowledge of how to diagnose and treat cardiological problems. Dr Goldberger has divided his book into six parts. Part 1 covers methods of examining patients and includes everything from a study of symptoms and signs to echocardiography, cardiovascular nuclear medicine, and angiography. In part 2, instead of discussing disease, he lists all the entities as syndromes,
Natural History of Patients with X-ray-negative Dyspepsia in General Practice
Authors: D. W. Gregory, G. T. Davies, K. T. Evans, J. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1972)

When 102 patients with dyspepsia who had normal findings on barium-meal examination in 1964 were interviewed in 1970, 85 of them (76%) were symptomatically improved, and only three were later shown to have a peptic ulcer. This suggests that "x-ray-negative dyspepsia" has a good prognosis in a general practice setting.
Effects of a Brief Multimedia Psychoeducational Intervention on the Attitudes and Interest of Patients With Cancer Regarding Clinical Trial Participation: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Paul B. Jacobsen, Kristen J. Wells, Cathy D. Meade, Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Ji-Hyun Lee, William J. Fulp, Jhanelle E. Gray, Rachid C. Baz, Gregory M. Springett, Richard M. Levine, Merry-Jennifer Markham, Fred J. Schreiber, Thomas H. Cartwright, James M. Burke, Robert D. Siegel, Mokenge P. Malafa, Daniel Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The negative attitudes of patients with cancer regarding clinical trials are an important contributor to low participation rates. This study evaluated whether a brief psychoeducational intervention was effective in improving patients' attitudes as well as their knowledge, self-efficacy for decision making, receptivity to receiving more information, and general willingness to participate in clinical trials.A total of 472 adults with cancer who had not been asked previously to participate in a clinical trial were randomly assigned to receive printed educational information about clinical trials or a psychoeducational intervention that provided similar information and also addressed misperceptions and concerns about clinical trials. The primary (attitudes) and secondary outcomes (knowledge, self-efficacy, receptivity, and willingness) were assessed via patient self-report before random assignment and 7 to 28 days later.Patients who received the psychoeducational intervention showed more positive attitudes toward clinical trials (P = .016) and greater willingness to participate (P = .011) at follow-up than patients who received printed educational information. Evidence of an indirect effect of intervention assignment on willingness to participate (estimated at 0.168; 95% CI, 0.088 to 0.248) suggested that the benefits of psychoeducation on willingness to participate were explained by the positive impact of psychoeducation on attitudes toward clinical trials.A brief psychoeducational intervention can improve the attitudes of patients with cancer toward clinical trials and thereby increase their willingness to participate in clinical trials. Findings support conducting additional research to evaluate effects of this intervention on quality of decision making and rates of participation among patients asked to enroll onto therapeutic clinical trials.
The Immune Response to Aerosolized Measles Vaccine
Authors: Robert W. Amler
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Although dramatic progress has been made in the United States in controlling measles, incidence rates elsewhere in the world remain high. In developing countries nearly 1 million children die of measles each year, with the highest rates of disease and death occurring among infants in the first year of life. Successful control of measles in this age group is impeded principally by the short interval available for successful vaccination early in life—from the time maternally derived antibodies wane to the time exposure to natural measles occurs. The recent clinical trials of live, aerosolized measles virus vaccines<sup>1-3</sup>have demonstrated that this alternate route of administration may prove to be particularly useful in developing countries because seroconversion can be induced in the presence of maternal antibodies. Infants were immunized successfully at an earlier age—as early as 4 months—than is possible by the parenteral route, allowing a longer interval for vaccination before exposure
Outcomes of Older Patients Receiving Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Donald F. Stanton, Michael T. Andary, Gary Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the article by Dr Ifudu and colleagues<sup>1</sup>entitled "Dismal Rehabilitation in Geriatric Inner-City Hemodialysis Patients." They indicated that they "assessed functional rehabilitation of inner-city geriatric hemodialysis patients." We find the use of the word "rehabilitation" in this statement and title to be misleading. There seems to be confusion as to what constitutes rehabilitation.<i>Webster's</i>defines "rehabilitation" as the noun of the verb, rehabilitate—"to bring or restore to a normal or optimum state of health, constructive activity, etc, by medical treatment and physical or psychological therapy."<sup>2</sup>This implies an active program of intervention, which in this case was only acute medical treatment (dialysis). Often, acute medical treatment is sufficient to restore an "optimum state of health" or "constructive activity," but on other occasions there needs to be active rehabilitation intervention in addition to this active medical treatment. Physiatrists would agree that restoration
Low blood pressure and dementia in elderly people: the Kungsholmen project
Authors: Z. Guo, M. Viitanen, L. Fratiglioni, B. Winblad
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the relation between blood pressure and dementia in elderly people. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional, population based study. <b>Setting</b>: Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. <b>Subjects</b>: 1642 subjects aged 75-101 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio of dementia by blood pressure. <b>Results</b>: People with systolic pressure &lt;/=140 mm Hg were more often diagnosed as demented than those with systolic pressure &gt;140 mm Hg: odds ratios (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, and education were 2.98 (2.17 to 4.08) for all dementias, 2.91 (1.93 to 4.38) for Alzheimer9s disease, 2.00 (1.09 to 3.65) for vascular dementia, and 5.07 (2.65 to 9.70) for other dementias. Similar results were seen in subjects with diastolic pressure &lt;/=75 mm Hg compared with those with higher diastolic pressure. When severity and duration of dementia were taken into account, only moderate and severe dementia were found to be significantly related to relatively low blood pressure, and the association was stronger in subjects with longer disease duration. Use of hypotensive drugs and comorbidity with cardiovascular disease did not modify the results for all dementias, Alzheimer9s disease, and other dementias but slightly reduced the association between vascular dementia and diastolic blood pressure. <b>Conclusions</b>: Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were inversely related to prevalence of dementia in elderly people. We think that relatively low blood pressure is probably a complication of the dementia process, particularly Alzheimer9s disease, although it is possible that low blood pressure may predispose a subpopulation to developing dementia. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages We studied prevalence of dementia in 1642 subjects aged 75-101 and found that those with relatively low blood pressure (&lt;/=140 mm Hg systolic, &lt;/=75 mm Hg diastolic) were significantly more likely to have dementia When severity and duration of dementia were taken into account, only moderate and severe dementia were found to be significantly related to low blood pressure, and the association was stronger in subjects with longer duration of disease Use of hypotensive drugs and comorbidity with cardiovascular disease could not account for the association We think that relatively low blood pressure is probably a complication of the dementia process, particularly Alzheimer9s disease, but it is possible that low pressure may predispose some people to developing dementia
Future research directions for evaluating human genetic and cancer risk from environmental exposures.
Authors: R J Albertini, J A Nicklas, J P O'Neill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The utility of biomarkers for evaluating the genotoxicity of environmental exposures is well documented. Biomarkers of both exposure and effect provide bases for assessing human-genotoxicant interactions and may be indicative of future disease risk. At present, there is little information on the predictive value of these assays for either a population or the individuals tested. This paper describes some aspects of biomarker assays, the possible use of susceptibility measures in biomonitoring protocols, and the need for evaluation of disease relevance. A population study involving epidemiologists, geneticists, toxicologists, statisticians, and physicians is proposed to determine the disease relevance of these biomarkers.
The penicillins today.
Authors: R Finch
Journal: BMJ (1990)

ment techniques suggests that a clinical director drawn from the ranks of the surgeons or anaesthetists might provide more direct and effective support.For the foreseeable future the most intransigent problem that the new managers will face, however, will be shortage of staff.This report properly pointed out that operation department assistants and nurses should be interchangeable, as should theatre and anaesthetic work-and that with parity of work should come parity of pay.The problems of operating theatres are neatly quantifiable and thus may be soluble; but theatres and beds are almost totally interdependent, and if the problems of providing beds are not solved reforms in the theatre suite will be wasted.Ensuring a steady flow of patients is a much more taxing problem than improving the usage of theatres, and it depends on factors such as waiting lists, admissions, case mix, and staffing.The Bevan report made a stab at suggesting some solutions, including more computerisation and more day case surgery.The possibility that overall there might not be enough surgical beds in the NHS at present was not addressed.Operating theatres-like the whole of the NHS after the white paper-will need to be heavily managed.Whether history will show that the huge injection of cash, technology, human effort, and angst will be worth while in clinical, financial, and human terms remains to be seen.
CHILDHOOD NUTRITION IN CONTRASTING NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Franz Rosa
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition and National Defense of the US federal government has organized cross-sectional surveys in Lebanon, Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), Viet Nam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Libya, Ethiopia, Spain, the West Indies, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Uruguay, and Turkey. Unfortunately, a comparable representative study has not yet been done in the United States. Furthermore, cross-sectional and retrospective studies leave many questions to be answered by additional approaches. Woodruff's study, reported in this issue (page 214), compares selected observations in Lebanon, Venezuela, and Ethiopia with more intensive observations carried out in Michigan. <h3>Newly Developing Countries.—</h3> The underdeveloped areas offer scientists a laboratory of fairly homogeneous cohorts of undernourished children and mothers due to environmental influences. To public health workers, nutrition is recognized as a fundamental factor in health, development, and population dynamics. In these areas, the apathetic stunted children call out for a better
Provision of palliative care is suboptimal
Authors: M. Cushen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

hernia and usually shorter for bilateral or recurrent hernia.The authors' data on return to work are depres- sing, with long median times in both the group that had laparoscopic repair (22 days) and the group that had open repair (28 days), and may reflect undue caution on the part of either the patients or their general practitioners.In my experience, with clear and emphatic advice that it is safe to do so sedentary workers return to work in one week and those who do more physical work in two.Two sentences in the opening paragraph of the section on the outcome measures suggest an initial bias against laparoscopic repair.It seems highly optimistic to have assumed a 0 5% complication rate for open repair (with no supporting data) and highly pessimistic with regard to laparoscopic repair to choose a sample size that would show only a complication rate of 18% or greater.This study falls into the trap of comparing inexperienced laparoscopic hernia repair with experienced open hernia repair.
The Ethical Basis of Economic Freedom
Authors: Chester R. Burns
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In the Shattuck Lecture for 1974, Elliot Richardson reviewed the ills of bureaucratization and industrialization in American medical care and insisted that more responsible conduct in the private sectors would be essential if Americans were to set reasonable limits on further governmental involvement. This book explores some of the issues involved in establishing that conduct. With financial assistance from the American Medical Association, this book was published by an educational corporation concerned with the loss of economic and political freedom in the United States. Reflecting the experiences of numerous professional and business groups, 21 persons contributed essays about political freedom, economic policy, and ethical judgment. Reprinted with critical commentaries are the codes of ethics of various professional groups such as chiefs of police, American football coaches, realtors, newspaper editors, broadcasters, and others. Presented with clarity and incisiveness are recent events such as, for example, the use of codes of ethics
Prediction of Liver Fibrosis According to Serum Collagen VI Level in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Burkard Gerling, Michael Becker, Doris Staab, Detlef Schuppan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Chronic fibrotic liver disease accounts for virtually all nonpulmonary causes of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. Therefore, along with lung disease and nutritional status...
Nutritional Status and Bacterial Binding in the Lower Respiratory Tract in Patients with Chronic Tracheostomy
Authors: Michael S. Niederman, William W. Merrill, Redento D. Ferranti, Kristine M. Pagano, Lucy B. Palmer, Herbert Y. Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Patients with chronic tracheostomy often develop tracheobronchial colonization with enteric gram-negative bacilli, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown. To examine this problem, we measured in-vitro bacterial adherence to airway epithelial cells from the tracheal surfaces of 15 patients with chronic tracheostomy and 18 healthy, noncolonized controls without tracheostomy. Patients with tracheostomy had more tracheal cell adherence (7.3 ± 0.4 [SE] bacteria/cell) than controls (4.8 ± 0.7 bacteria/cell; p = 0.008), but patients colonized by Pseudomonas species had even more binding (9.0 ± 0.06 bacteria/cell) than those without this finding (5.8 ± 0.8 bacteria/cell; p = 0.008). Differences between patients in lower airway cell binding of bacteria were largely related to a multifactorial assessment of patient nutritional status, the prognostic nutritional index (r = 0.67, p = 0.005). Thus, nutritional status may account in part for the common problem of tracheobronchial colonization with gram-negative bacteria in patients with chronic tracheostomy.
Efficacy and safety of 12-weekly versus 4-weekly zoledronic acid for prolonged treatment of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (ZOOM): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Dino Amadori, Massimo Aglietta, Barbara Alessi, Lorenzo Gianni, Toni Ibrahim, Gabriella Farina, Fernando Gaion, Francesco Bertoldo, Daniele Santini, Roberta Rondena, Paola Bogani, Carla I Ripamonti
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
A novel method of evaluation of three heat-moisture exchangers in six different ventilator settings
Authors: N. Ünal, J. K. K. Kanhai, S. L. C. E. Buijk, J. C. Pompe, W. P. J. Holland, I. Gültina, C. Ince, B. Saygin, H. A. Bruining
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
Abstract 3374: Characterizing a new population of adult mouse submandibular gland stem cells
Authors: Nan Xiao, Yuan Lin, Maximilian Diehn, Quynh-Thu Le
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Xerostomia or dry mouth is a hyposalivation condition that leads to difficulty in speaking, eating, mucosal pain, and enhanced risk of dental and mandibular infection. It can be due to damage of salivary gland nervous system, medications, systematic diseases such as diabetes and Sjogen's syndrome, and radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. Current available treatments are ineffective due to limited residual glandular function. Stem cell transplantation therapy may be a very promising future direction in treating this severe condition. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method, we have successfully identified a new population of stem cells from adult mouse submandibular gland. Among all the populations of cells evaluated, the c-Kit+/Sca1+/CD24+/lin− cells generated the highest number of salispheres when cultured in vitro, at least 4 folds more than c-Kit+ or Sca1+ only cells. The c-Kit+/Sca1+/CD24+/lin− cells also expressed significantly higher level of embryonic salivary stem cell marker keratin 5 (CK5) and the basolateral secretory duct maker keratin 14 (CK14), when compared to the CD24+/lin− epithelial cell population. MTT assay showed salispheres derived from c-Kit+/Sca1+/CD24+/lin− population exhibited 10 folds higher enzyme activity than control populations. These spheres continued to express stem cell markers c-Kit and Sca1 after Day 21 and proliferate (Ki67 staining) actively after 14 days in vitro. In addition, these salispheres differentiated into functional acinar cells, indicated by a-amylase staining. More importantly, the dissociated 1st generation of salispheres was capable of generating 2nd salispheres in vitro, indicating the self-renewal property of the these cells. In conclusion, we have identified a subpopulation of adult salivary gland cells that exhibit stem cell properties. Future work will focus on (1) gene expression studies to further elucidate the molecular characteristics of these cells and (2) confirming their renewal capacity in vivo via transplantation studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3374. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3374