tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarker correlations of urinary 2,4-D levels in foresters: genomic instability and endocrine disruption.
Authors: V F Garry, R E Tarone, I R Kirsch, J M Abdallah, D P Lombardi, L K Long, B L Burroughs, D B Barr, J S Kesner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Forest pesticide applicators constitute a unique pesticide use group. Aerial, mechanical-ground, and focal weed control by application of herbicides, in particular chlorophenoxy herbicides, yield diverse exposure scenarios. In the present work, we analyzed aberrations in G-banded chromosomes, reproductive hormone levels, and polymerase chain reaction-based V(D)J rearrangement frequencies in applicators whose exposures were mostly limited to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Data from appliers where chlorophenoxy use was less frequent were also examined. The biomarker outcome data were compared to urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) obtained at the time of maximum 2,4-D use. Further comparisons of outcome data were made to the total volume of herbicides applied during the entire pesticide-use season.Twenty-four applicators and 15 minimally exposed foresters (control) subjects were studied. Categorized by applicator method, men who used a hand-held, backpack sprayer in their applications showed the highest average level (453.6 ppb) of 2,4-D in urine. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values were correlated with urinary 2,4-D levels, but follicle-stimulating hormone and free and total testosterone were not. At the height of the application season; 6/7 backpack sprayers, 3/4 applicators who used multinozzle mechanical (boom) sprayers, 4/8 aerial applicators, and 2/5 skidder-radiarc (closed cab) appliers had two or more V(D)J region rearrangements per microgram of DNA. Only 5 of 15 minimally exposed (control) foresters had two or more rearrangements, and 3 of these 5 subjects demonstrated detectable levels of 2,4-D in the urine. Only 8/24 DNA samples obtained from the exposed group 10 months or more after their last chlorophenoxy use had two rearrangements per microgram of DNA, suggesting that the exposure-related effects observed were reversible and temporary. Although urinary 2,4-D levels were not correlated with chromosome aberration frequency, chromosome aberration frequencies were correlated with the total volume of herbicides applied, including products other than 2,4-D. In summary, herbicide applicators with high urinary levels of 2,4-D (backpack and boom spray applications) exhibited elevated LH levels. They also exhibited altered genomic stability as measured by V(D)J rearrangement frequency, which appears reversible months after peak exposure. Though highly detailed, the limited sample size warrants cautious interpretation of the data.
Effects of Low Temperatures on Transmembrane Potentials of Single Fibers of the Rabbit Atrium
Authors: JEAN M. MARSHALL
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Lowering the temperature caused a fall in the diastolic membrane potential and action potential and an increase in the duration of the action potential in both pacemaker and nonpacemaker fibers of the rabbit atrium. Pacemaker fibers were the most resistant to cooling and continued to discharge at a temperature where all conducted action potentials and mechanical contractions had ceased. Acetylcholine (10 -7 Gm./ml.) administered at a low temperature when only pacemaker fibers were discharging, elicited propagated action potentials and contractions. This effect was associated with an increase in diastolic membrane potential towards that existing at a temperature of 30 C.
Secreted subtilisin Sub3 from <i>Microsporum canis</i> is required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis
Authors: A. Baldo, A. Mathy, J. Tabart, P. Camponova, S. Vermout, L. Massart, F. Maréchal, M. Galleni, B. Mignon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Secreted subtilisin Sub3 from Microsporum canis is required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis Get access A. Baldo, A. Baldo Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Mathy, A. Mathy Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Tabart, J. Tabart Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Camponova, P. Camponova Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Vermout, S. Vermout Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Victor Horta Plein 40/40, 1060 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Massart, L. Massart Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B43 Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Maréchal, F. Maréchal Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Galleni, M. Galleni Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Mignon B. Mignon Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Bernard Mignon. E‐mail: bmignon@ulg.ac.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 5, 1 May 2010, Pages 990–997, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09608.x Published: 01 May 2010
Cervical Spondylosis: Its Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In an era when much of the backlog of personal injury cases is concerned with so-called "whiplash," disorders of the bones and joints of the neck (cervical spondylosis) assume an increasingly important role in medicine. The early diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is the subject of a new edition of a book originally published in 1967 (reviewed in<i>JAMA</i>Oct 16, 1967). The revision was made to emphasize early diagnosis and treatment and to remove some of the highly specialized anatomy, so as to make the book more useful for the general practitioner and non-specialist. This aim has been accomplished by the editor, Marcia Wilkinson, who has contributed five of the nine chapters. The other chapters are by an anatomist (Bowden), rheumatologist-physiatrist (Storey), radiologist (Young), and neurosurgeon (Symon). The numerous diagrams and photographs are excellent for the most part; the radiographic reproductions are, however, often fuzzy and do not
Exposure to regular gasoline and ethanol oxyfuel during refueling in Alaska.
Authors: L C Backer, G M Egeland, D L Ashley, N J Lawryk, C P Weisel, M C White, T Bundy, E Shortt, J P Middaugh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under cold conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We compared concentrations of gasoline components in the blood and in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) of people who pumped regular unleaded gasoline (referred to as regular gasoline) with concentrations in the blood of those who pumped an oxygenated fuel that was 10% ethanol (E-10). A subset of participants in a wintertime engine performance study provided blood samples before and after pumping gasoline (30 using regular gasoline and 30 using E-10). The biological and environmental samples were analyzed for selected aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in gasoline (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene); the biological samples were also analyzed for three chemicals not found in gasoline (1,4-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and styrene). People in our study had significantly higher levels of gasoline components in their blood after pumping gasoline than they had before pumping gasoline. The changes in VOC levels in blood were similar whether the individuals pumped regular gasoline or the E-10 blend. The analysis of PBZ samples indicated that there were also measurable levels of gasoline components in the air during refueling. The VOC levels in PBZ air were similar for the two groups. In this study, we demonstrate that people are briefly exposed to low (ppm and sub-ppm) levels of known carcinogens and other potentially toxic compounds while pumping gasoline, regardless of the type of gasoline used.
Clinical Atlas of Human Chromosomes
Authors: Marietta M. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Chromosome analysis has progressed swiftly from the 1960s to the present time. Banding techniques allow more and more precise localization of defects. Concomitantly, case reports of affected persons have mushroomed. The need for an atlas combining clinical descriptions and photographs with chromosomal findings is evident. Other atlases are available but are less oriented to cytogenetics. Organized by chromosome number, the book may be initially confusing to those not well oriented to cytogenetics. But the book is small enough to thumb through quickly when looking for a clinical photograph or list of characteristics to match with the patient. Six appendixes add further information. These cover current cytogenetic techniques, dermatoglyphics, clinical descriptive terms, chromosome nomenclature, genetic markers, and an abbreviated listing of syndromes. Pediatricians, cytogeneticists, and genetic counselors will find this book useful. Pediatricians, especially, need to recognize syndromes, interpret cytogenetic analyses, and improve communication with the laboratory. This atlas will facilitate
Residents' Work Schedules
Authors: Neil Schluger
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Dr McCall 1 begins his editorial in the February 10 issue of JAMA by citing the death of Libby Zion as the catalyst for the sweeping changes in residency training that are occurring in New York and around the country. No one doubts that her death indeed was the impetus for these changes. Similarly, most physicians involved in medical education probably agree that the new regulations that govern house-staff training in New York will improve the quality of life of interns and residents without severely affecting their learning (at least in my field, internal medicine). However, by accepting the causeand-effect relationship between long work hours and the death of a young woman, Dr McCall and others naively and irresponsibly ignore the major crises in health care today.  Substandard care is being provided in hospitals all over the country (unfortunately, New York is probably a leader here as
The Misfortunes of Others: End-Stage Renal Disease in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The scholarly discipline of ethics has in recent years metamorphosed from an arcane branch of academic philosophy and theology into a vibrant and important participant in the daily affairs of the profession of medicine. One of the major driving forces behind this transformation has been the complex of ethical issues that derive from the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program. This program, with its mélange of medical, economic, technological, and sociological factors, contains most of the ethical issues of high-technology medicine. It highlights questions and dilemmas relating to justice, autonomy, beneficence, rationing, and individual vs societal rights and needs. It is proper and fitting that the treatment of ESRD be evaluated from its ethical and sociological viewpoints. Thomas Halper gives us such an evaluation. His book is a short, readable, and thoughtful analysis of the ESRD program in Great Britain. It is a compelling one to study, for it is a
Stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor in vivo by infusion of angiotensin II. Evidence of a potential interaction between the renin-angiotensin system and fibrinolytic function.
Authors: P M Ridker, C L Gaboury, P R Conlin, E W Seely, G H Williams, D E Vaughan
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Recent clinical trial data indicate that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors among patients with left ventricular dysfunction results in reduced rates of coronary thrombosis, a provocative finding that suggests a potential interaction between the renin-angiotensin system and fibrinolytic function. METHODS AND RESULTS In four normotensive subjects and six hypertensive patients, we investigated whether infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) affected circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the most important physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Overall, mean levels of PAI-1 antigen increased significantly from 20.1 ng/mL before Ang II infusion to 36.0 ng/mL at the end of Ang II infusion (p = 0.008), whereas no change in PAI-1 was observed for control subjects infused with 5% dextrose (p = 0.46). Among the normotensive subjects for whom graded doses of Ang II were infused at 0, 1, 3, and 10 ng.kg-1.min-1, mean PAI-1 levels increased sequentially from 14.7 ng/mL to 23.0, 26.8, and 33.5 ng/mL, a dose-response relation that, compared with controls, was highly significant (p &lt; 0.001). Among the hypertensive patients for whom a single 45-minute infusion of Ang II was given at a dose of 3 ng.kg-1.min-1, PAI-1 levels increased from 23.7 to 37.7 ng/mL, whereas PAI-1 levels among control subjects infused with 5% dextrose decreased from 16.9 to 10.8 ng/mL (p = 0.04). Finally, when compared with infusion of 5% dextrose solution, infusion of Ang II appeared to have little effect on circulating levels of t-PA antigen. CONCLUSIONS These in vivo data suggest that infusion of Ang II results in a rapid increase in circulating levels of PAI-1, a finding that may help to explain clinical observations linking the renin-angiotensin system and thrombotic risk.
The Head-off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana (HEAL) Study—Methods and Study Population
Authors: Patricia C. Chulada, Suzanne Kennedy, Mosanda M. Mvula, Katy Jaffee, Jeremy Wildfire, Eleanor Thornton, Richard D. Cohn, L. Faye Grimsley, Herman Mitchell, Jane El-Dahr, Yvonne Sterling, William J. Martin, LuAnn White, Kevin U. Stephens, Maureen Lichtveld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

In the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, and surrounding parishes (NOLA), children with asthma were perilously impacted by Hurricane Katrina as a result of disrupted health care, high home mold and allergen levels, and high stress.
Non-Asthmatic Children Have Higher IgM Anti-Enterovirus 71 and Lower IgE Levels, but Higher IL-2 and IL-4 Levels Than Asthmatic Children
Authors: Sandra M. Carvajal-Raga, Stephan Kohlhoff, Jeremy Weedon, Rauno Joks, Kevin Norowitz, Diana Weaver, Helen G. Durkin, Martin H. Bluth, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Environmental occurrence, abundance, and potential toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners: considerations for a congener-specific analysis.
Authors: V A McFarland, J U Clarke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as environmental contaminants often cannot be adequately described by reference to Aroclors or to total PCBs. Although there are 209 possible PCB configurations (congeners), perhaps half that number account for nearly all of the environmental contamination attributable to PCBs. Still fewer congeners are both prevalent and either demonstrably or potentially toxic. If potential toxicity, environmental prevalence, and relative abundance in animal tissues are used as criteria, the number of environmentally threatening PCB congeners reduces to about thirty-six. Twenty-five of these account for 50 to 75% of total PCBs in tissue samples of fish, invertebrates, birds, and mammals. A few PCB congeners that are sterically similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) are directly toxic. Other PCB congeners, as well as those that are directly toxic, may also be involved in toxicity indirectly by stimulating the production of (inducing) bioactivating enzyme systems. The most consequential of these have the ability to induce aryl hydrocarbon metabolizing mixed-function oxidases (MFOs). A result can be an increased capacity for bioactivation of otherwise nontoxic foreign compounds such as certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to cytotoxic or genotoxic metabolites. The effectiveness of specific PCB congeners as inducers of different types of cytochrome P-450-dependent MFO systems is determined by their stereochemistry. Although MFO induction is not a proximate cause, it is a strong correlate of certain kinds of toxicities. Structural patterns can thus be used to discriminate among PCB congeners on the basis of toxic potential, if not entirely on toxicity per se. Congeners that demonstrate 3-methylcholanthrene-type (3-MC-type) and mixed-type MFO induction have the greatest toxic potential. These congeners most closely resemble 2,3,7,8-TCDD in their structures and in their toxic effects. The larger group of phenobarbital-type (PB-type) inducers have considerably less potential for contributing to toxic effects. Weak inducers and noninducing congeners have the least potential for toxicity. Using the rationale described in this paper, we assigned the most evironmentally threatening PCB congeners to four groups. Congeners assigned to Group 1 are considered most likely to contribute to adverse biological effects attributable to PCBs in an environmental sample. Group 1A contains the three most potent (pure 3-MC-type inducer) congeners, IUPAC numbers 77, 126, and 169. Six congeners, numbers 105, 118, 128, 138, 156, and 170, are assigned to Group 1B. These congeners are mixed-type inducers that have been reported frequently in environmental samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Book Review The Politics of Pregnancy: Adolescent Sexuality and Public Policy Edited by Annette Lawson and Deborah L. Rhode. 348 pp. New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1993. $32.50. 0-300-05717-2 Young, Poor, and Pregnant: The Psychology of Teenage Motherhood By Judith S. Musick. 271 pp. New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1993. $27.50. 0-300-05353-3
Authors: Lynn Borgatta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NEPHROPTOSIS BY OCCLUSION OF THE PERINEPHRIC FASCIAL SAC (CAPSULAR OCCLUSION)
Authors: C. B. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1914)

DURING tle recelnt discussion on nepliropexy and its results I the speakers laid special stress upon fixation by suturing, and no other miiethod of curing a loose kidney seems to lhave beeni contemiiplated by any of tlheiu."A ;uccessful operaticn was one wlichl efficiently and per- mnanently anclhored the kidneys in their normnal p)osition, and was free from unpleasalnt sequelae such as pain, wveakness of the scar, persistent sinus," etc.But a movable organ like tlle kiduey is not in its normal position wlhen it lhas been immovably fixed to tlle abdominal wall, and it is certain tljat a large proportion of the kidneys which hiave been fixed regain tlleir m-obility.In 9 out of 14 St. Barthlolomew's Hospital cases' seen
Examine Critical Access Hospital Payment Policies Within the Context of Integrated Systems
Authors: JudyAnn Bigby
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Tetrodotoxin: sodium channel specific anti-arrhythmic activity
Authors: H. J DUFF, R. S SHELDON, N. J CANNON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Tetrodotoxin: sodium channel specific anti-arrhythmic activity Get access HENRY J DUFF, HENRY J DUFF From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT S SHELDON, ROBERT S SHELDON From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NANCY J CANNON NANCY J CANNON From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 11, November 1988, Pages 800–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.11.800 Published: 01 November 1988 Article history Received: 14 October 1987 Accepted: 08 July 1988 Published: 01 November 1988
Global warming is more harmful for people with respiratory problems, warns specialist society
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The estimated increase in the risk of premature death among people with respiratory problems that would result from a 1°C rise in global temperature is more than double that in the rest of the population, the European Respiratory Society says.

As pressure mounts on governments to agree tougher measures to tackle climate change at negotiations in Copenhagen shortly before Christmas, the society is urging policy makers and health professionals to pay greater attention to the effects of global warming on people with asthma, rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory tract …
Chemical Alert! A Community Action Handbook
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This volume has been designed to support the thesis that an educated layperson can organize a group of concerned citizens to plan and implement an appropriate preliminary study to confirm their suspicions that an environmental hazard or a health problem exists. The book is organized to assist such persons in developing some preliminary but reasonable data to back up a request for further action about a suspected environmental problem. The organization follows a sequential plan to identify the health problem or suspected hazard, rally the community to action, and collect, analyze, and present the information to governmental agencies or authorities who can cause further steps to be taken. It is pointed out early that sophisticated, professional training is not needed for citizens to collect enough information to document their concerns as an adjunct to requesting better studies or governmental action. However, in order to utilize the plan laid out in