tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza on a remote island
Authors: Peter Perkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

I was interested to read the paper by Finnie et al.1 on the impact of influenza on small and sometimes isolated communities. What might be considered the more interesting question is, how does the influenza virus spread to closed and/or remote communities in the first place? For example, the island of Tristan da Cunha, an island that is a British dependency in the south Atlantic ocean, the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world and nearly 2000 miles from the nearest mainland.

A previous study looked at just this conundrum. In 1971 an epidemic of influenza (Hong Kong H3N2) followed the arrival of the ship Tristania aboard which were cases of influenza. It affected 96% of the 284 islanders, and curiously one-third developed two separate illnesses during the one epidemic.2 Sounds otherwise straight forward but Sir Fred Hoyle FRS and Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe, both astronomers, argued that there was another possible explanation.3 A pathogenic cloud containing influenza viral particles had descended through the atmosphere from a passing comet visiting our Solar System and infected both passengers on the Tristania and islanders on Tristan da Cunha. Fanciful, maybe, but at least it squares with the origin of the word influenza, ‘influence of the stars’.
Experimental ultrasonic angioplasty: Disruption of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi in vitro and arterial recanalization in vivo
Authors: Uri Rosenschein, Jonathan J. Bernstein, Elio DiSegni, Elieser Kaplinsky, Joelle Bernheim, Leon A. Rozenzsajn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Oesophageal motor dysfunction in patients with diverticula of the mid-thoracic oesophagus
Authors: M. D. Kaye
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Kaye, M. D. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 666-672. <b>Oesophageal motor dysfunction in patients with diverticula of the mid-thoracic oesophagus.</b> Oesophageal motor function was assessed by a perfused catheter manometric system in a consecutive series of 12 patients with diverticula located in the mid-thoracic oesophagus. In only one of the 12 patients was there radiographic evidence of prior tuberculous infection. Manometry revealed diffuse oesophageal spasm in five patients and vigorous achalasia in one. In the other six patients there was a definite but unclassifiable abnormality of motility, of moderate degree in four and mild in two. `Traction9 is of less importance in the pathogenesis of mid-oesophageal diverticula than is generally supposed. An underlying disorder of oesophageal motor function should be suspected in patients with this type of lesion.
Effects of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition on Vascular and Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Atherosclerosis
Authors: Maysoon Elkhawad, James H.F. Rudd, Lea Sarov-Blat, Gengqian Cai, Richard Wells, L. Ceri Davies, David J. Collier, Michael S. Marber, Robin P. Choudhury, Zahi A. Fayad, Ahmed Tawakol, Fergus V. Gleeson, John J. Lepore, Bill Davis, Robert N. Willette, Ian B. Wilkinson, Dennis L. Sprecher, Joseph Cheriyan
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Case of Toxoplasmosis
Authors: A. B. Nutt, T. Wright, J. H. Bowie, C. P. Beattie
Journal: BMJ (1949)

In order to help build up the National Hospital Service Reserve, which will provide an organization of trained men and women in the event of war to meet the needs of expanded hospital services, the Ministry of Health has asked local authorities to provide at civil defence corps recruiting centres facilities for officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the British Red Gross Society to recruit auxiliary members of the reserve.
Abstract A73: AMPK activation mediates dasatinib-induced EGFR degradation and apoptosis in head and neck cancer
Authors: Yu-Chin Lin Lin, Meng-Hsuan Wu, Tzu-Tang Wei, Yun-Chieh Lin, Ching-Chow Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a worldwide disease with aggressive course and dismal outcome. Dasatinib, a Bcr-abl and Src in hibitor, has been approved clinically for CML and shown activities against solid tumors in vitro. In our recent work, degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in dasatinib-induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells. We further explored the mechanism of this event. ER stress was induced by dasatinib and played a role in dasatinib-EGFR degradation. C-cbl activation was induced by ER stress and shown to mediate ER-stress induced EGFR degradation. In addition, AMPK activation was induced by dasatinib, which was proved to be involved in dasatinib-induced ER stress and EGFR degradation. Activation of AMPK with metformin not only enhanced dasatinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis but also sensitized dasatinib-resistant cells. Furthermore, xenograft model showed that metformin potentiated anti-cancer effect of dasatinib through activation of AMPK and ER stress. Our results disclose that AMPK-dependent ER stress plays a crucial role in the anti-cancer effect of dasatinib in HNSCC and further activation of AMPK by metformin might enhance dasatinib efficacy. Citation Format: Yu-Chin Lin Lin, Meng-Hsuan Wu, Tzu-Tang Wei, Yun-Chieh Lin, Ching-Chow Chen. AMPK activation mediates dasatinib-induced EGFR degradation and apoptosis in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A73. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A73
Modernising the NHS: Performance and productivity
Authors: J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This is the third in a series of seven articles 

The government's vision for the NHS is of a “modern” service—one offering convenient access and prompt, high quality care responsive to patients, all delivered in a modern environment. The extra £19.4bn over the next five years will be a big help.1 But money of itself will not be nearly enough. To achieve anything like the “modern” vision, the NHS will need to shift up several gears in performance. And to raise the temperature, the largest enterprise in the United Kingdom has effectively been given until 2004 to improve. Who the judge will be at that point, and what the verdict will mean for the NHS, is not yet clear. What is clear is that improving performance must be the central concern in any national plan for the NHS. It is the unenviable task of a 20 member group, in three months, to come up with ideas to improve performance and productivity. What should these plans include?

#### Summary points

Performing well should mean improving quality, not simply productivity

The government should make explicit whether the aim is to concentrate on poor performers or raise the performance of all

The government should explore and develop the ways of motivating organisations, teams, and individuals to perform well, with incentives where necessary

All approaches to improving performance should start from the perspective of patients—not politicians, professionals, or managers

Firstly, the government should clarify and, ideally, justify its approach to improving performance. The past three years have been full of initiatives, based on different assumptions and targeted at different groups, by ministers with different apparent “styles” and language. All of this needs to be brought together and reflected on in the round before any new ideas are added. It might be that the existing package is …
Palm oil taxes and cardiovascular disease mortality in India: economic-epidemiologic model
Authors: S. Basu, K. S. Babiarz, S. Ebrahim, S. Vellakkal, D. Stuckler, J. D. Goldhaber-Fiebert
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Objective To examine the potential effect of a tax on palm oil on hyperlipidemia and on mortality due to cardiovascular disease in India. Design Economic-epidemiologic model. Modeling methods A microsimulation model of mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke among Indian populations was constructed, incorporating nationally representative data on systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, tobacco smoking, diabetes, and cardiovascular event history, and stratified by age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Household expenditure data were used to estimate the change in consumption of palm oil following changes in oil price and the potential substitution of alternative oils that might occur after imposition of a tax. A 20% excise tax on palm oil purchases was simulated over the period 2014-23. Main outcome measures The model was used to project future mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as the potential effect of a tax on food insecurity, accounting for the effect of increased food prices. Results A 20% tax on palm oil purchases would be expected to avert approximately 363 000 (95% confidence interval 247 000 to 479 000) deaths from myocardial infarctions and strokes over the period 2014-23 in India (1.3% reduction in cardiovascular deaths) if people do not substitute other oils for reduced palm oil consumption. Given estimates of substitution of palm oil with other oils following a 20% price increase for palm oil, the beneficial effects of increased polyunsaturated fat consumption would be expected to enhance the projected reduction in deaths to as much as 421 000 (256 000 to 586 000). The tax would be expected to benefit men more than women and urban populations more than rural populations, given differential consumption and cardiovascular risk. In a scenario incorporating the effect of taxation on overall food expenditures, the tax may increase food insecurity by <1%, resulting in 16 000 (95% confidence interval 12 000 to 22 000) deaths. Conclusions Curtailing palm oil intake through taxation may modestly reduce hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular mortality, but with potential distributional consequences differentially benefiting male and urban populations, as well as affecting food security.
A sharper focus for psychotherapy
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"To separate psychological distress into psychiatric problems caused by chemical and structural defects in the brain and `problems of living' is an unwarranted dichotomy," according to Michael F. Basch, MD, professor of psychiatry, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago. Considering the brain as analogous to a computer— a reasonable analogy, in Basch's view—"you have hardware and software. What the psychopharmacologic discoveries of the past 20 years or so have done is enable us to begin to deal with the hardware problems, or brain itself. The so-called problems of living are part of the software, the programs people develop to cope with life. "If that development has been interfered with by significant failures in empathy and communication, then people develop ways to protect themselves by adaptations that are ultimately counterproductive. "But where do these `problems of living' come from?" asks Basch, who is also author of<i>Doing Psychotherapy</i>(New York,
Detection of left ventricular regional myocardial ischaemia in dogs by intraventricular conductance catheter
Authors: E. I C. FISCHER, J. C SPINELLI, P. WILLSHAW, A. J CROTTOGINI, E. D. FORTEZA, O. CLAVIN, M. E VALENTINUZZI, R. H PICHEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Nine adult mongrel dogs were instrumented with ultrasonic microcrystals to measure left ventricular basal anteroposterior diameter and midwall myocardial segment length near the cardiac apex. Pneumatic cuff occluders were positioned around the left circumflex coronary artery near its origin and around the left anterior descending coronary artery two thirds of the way along its length. A pressure microtransducer was implanted into the left ventricle. Ten days after instrumentation the animals were anaesthetised with morphine chlorhydrate and pentobarbital sodium. An eight electrode catheter was advanced into the left ventricle to measure ventricular apical and basal regional and total electrical conductance. Minor ischaemia caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was detected only by the electrode pair located near the apex, as decreased local ejection fraction. Major ischaemia caused by left circumflex artery occlusion was detected by both apical and basal electrode pairs and by total conductance, the three conductance signals indicating reduced ejection fractions compared with control values. The basal diameter signal indicated that basal regional motility changed only during major ischaemia, thus confirming the specificity of the changes in the basal conductance signals. The apical segment length signal confirmed the altered motility indicated by the apical conductance signal. These results suggest that regional wall motion abnormalities may be detected by the use of a multielectrode conductance catheter.
IFN plus ribavirin and amantadine for IFN-insensitive patients with chronic hepatitis C: Results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: P. Andreone, A. Gramenzi, C. Cursaro, C. Pirraglia, G. Verrucchi, L. Attard, S. Boccia, P.L. Giacomoni, F. Felline, M. Biselli, E. Loggi, S. Lorenzini, M. Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
L-Type Calcium Channel C Terminus Autoregulates Transcription
Authors: Elizabeth Schroder, Miranda Byse, Jonathan Satin
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Calcium homeostasis is critical for cardiac myocyte function and must be tightly regulated. The guiding hypothesis of this study is that a carboxyl-terminal cleavage product of the cardiac L-type calcium channel (Ca(V)1.2) autoregulates expression. First, we confirmed that the Ca(V)1.2 C terminus (CCt) is cleaved in murine cardiac myocytes from mature and developing ventricle. Overexpression of full-length CCt caused a 34+/-8% decrease of Ca(V)1.2 promoter activity, and truncated CCt caused an 80+/-3% decrease of Ca(V)1.2 promoter (n=12). The full-length CCt distributes into cytosol and nucleus. A deletion mutant of CCt has a greater relative affinity for the nucleus than full-length CCt, and this is consistent with increased repression of Ca(V)1.2 promoter activity by truncated CCt. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CCt interacts with the Ca(V)1.2 promoter in adult ventricular cardiac myocytes at promoter modules containing Nkx2.5/Mef2, C/EBp, and a cis regulatory module. The next hypothesis tested was that CCt contributes to transcriptional signaling associated with cellular hypertrophy. We explored whether fetal cardiac myocyte Ca(V)1.2 was regulated by serum in vitro. We tested atrial natriuretic factor promoter activity as a positive control and measured the serum response of Ca(V)1.2 promoter, protein, and L-type current (I(Ca,L)) from fetal mouse ventricular myocytes. Serum increased atrial natriuretic factor promoter activity and cell size as expected. Serum withdrawal increased Ca(V)1.2 promoter activity, mRNA, and I(Ca,L). Moreover, serum withdrawal decreased the relative nuclear localization of CCt. A combination of promoter deletion mutant analyses, and the response of promoter mutants to serum withdrawal support the conclusion that CCt, a proteolytic fragment of Ca(V)1.2, autoregulates Ca(V)1.2 expression in cardiac myocytes. These data support the novel mechanism that a mobile segment of Ca(V)1.2 links Ca handling to nuclear signaling.
Abortion, Motherhood, and Mental Health: Medicalizing Reproduction in the United States and Great Britain
Authors: Stuart W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (2004)

By contrasting post-abortion syndrome with postnatal depression, Ellie Lee provides a fascinating and excellent interrogation of modern day abortion and motherhood within the United States and Britain. Both these countries have embraced what might be loosely called a therapeutic ethos. An increasing list of common occurrences—from bereavement and divorce to moving house and being criticised—is now liable to generate a psychiatric label such as post-traumatic stress, depression, or anxiety. Surprisingly, however, post-abortion syndrome has failed to take a place within this modern “syndrome society.

   ![][1] 

Ellie Lee Aldine de Gruyter 

$29.95/sFr48/ 29.95, pp 293

www.degruyter.com/aldine

ISBN 0 202 30681 X

Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] 

On both sides of the Atlantic, advocates …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
 [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
 [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
 [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM ITALIAN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC SCREENING IN 10,000 HEALTHY YOUNG STUDENTS
Authors: Massimo Mancone, Alessandra D'Ambrosi, Francesco Adamo, Antonio Fusto, Ilaria Mancini, Azzurra Marceca, Maria Chiara Gatto, Laura Marruncheddu, Giuseppe Giunta, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Scared to Death
Authors: J. C. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  I was interested to read the brief reports of further cases by George X. Trimble (195: 952, 1019, 1966) and Willard E. Goodwin197:516, 1966). There would now seem to be little doubt about the authenticity of the  to death phenomenon, which, as Dr. Murray Jackson suggests (Brit Med J2:1124, 1965), may have tremendous medical significance.  Much correspondence appeared on this important topic in theBritish Medical Journalbetween Aug 7 and Nov 13, 1965. Some informed speculations were also made in the column Without Prejudice on Oct 9,1965.  In some of the cases reported, persons appeared to have been literally scared to death by fortunetellers or others forecasting when death would occur. It seems that death suggestions directly implanted in the minds of susceptible people in this way could often result in prolonged and severe anxiety and occasionally in death. Following upon
The Marijuana Question and Science's Search for an Answer
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

According to this book, the scientific literature contains more than 9,000 studies on cannabis. The authors give at least passing reference to 300 of them, selected because they were "notable or quotable" and "not necessarily the best studies from the scientific standpoint." The book also includes scores of quotations from cannabis users, few of which will make<i>Bartlett's</i>("I get a stuffed nose when I smoke a lot"— Bert). The authors are anticannabis and admit it. They are opposed to<i>all</i>"recreational" drugs. "We don't fathom the concept of swallowing pills for entertainment, breathing in toxic chemicals for fun, or contorting one's mind for amusement. Wholesome, healthful pleasures are abundant. A world of natural delights is out there." In their view, any use of an illicit drug constitutes abuse. "The legitimate function of a drug is to alleviate illness or suffering." They do not subscribe to Berton Roueché's view that,
Digital Rectal Examination is no Longer Necessary in the Routine Follow-up of Men with Undetectable Prostate Specific Antigen after Radical Prostatectomy: The Implications for Follow-up
Authors: Brian John Chaplin, Mark F. Wildhagen, Fritz H. Schroder, Wim J. Kirkels, Chris H. Bangma
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Use of Intravenous Adenosine as Pharmacologic Stress for Thallium-201 Imaging
Authors: Debra E. Messinger, Donna Cloutier, Lynn Sillaman, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Messinger, Debra E. CMNT; Cloutier, Donna BS; Sillaman, Lynn BS, CNMT; Heller, Gary V. MD, PhD Author Information
Common cancer-associated PIK3CA activating mutations rarely occur in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Sébastien Héritier, Raphael Saffroy, Nina Radosevic-Robin, Yolaine Pothin, Héléne Pacquement, Michel Peuchmaur, Antoinette Lemoine, Julien Haroche, Jean Donadieu, Jean-Francois Emile
Journal: Blood (2015)
Combined Treatment for Patients with Double Depression
Authors: Ivan W. Miller, William H. Norman, Gabor I. Keitner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;Patients with double depression (major depression + dysthymia) have a particularly chronic course of illness, yet few studies have investigated treatments for these patients. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 26 inpatients with double depression were assigned to two types of treatment: (1) pharmacotherapy and (2) combined treatment (pharmacotherapy + cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy). Treatment began while the patients were in the hospital and continued for 20 weeks after discharge. Comprehensive assessments were conducted at the end of treatment as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. &lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;The results indicated that double-depressed patients who received the combined treatment had significantly lower levels of depression and higher social functioning at the end of treatment. However, no significant differences between groups were found at the follow-up assessments. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/i&gt;These results suggest that the addition of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy may produce an improved short-term outcome for patients with double depression.
Obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Barbara B. Kahn, Jeffrey S. Flier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The association of obesity with type 2 diabetes has been recognized for decades, and the major basis for this link is the ability of obesity to engender insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a fundamental aspect of the etiology of type 2 diabetes and is also linked to a wide array of other pathophysiologic sequelae including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis (i.e., the metabolic syndrome, or syndrome X), and polycystic ovarian disease (1). Although many details of the mechanisms by which the enlarged adipose tissue mass that defines obesity causes systemic insulin resistance remain unknown, the past several years have witnessed an explosive increase in our understanding of what may now be referred to as the adipo-insulin axis. There are also grounds for considering the related possibility that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, in addition to being caused by obesity, can contribute to the development of obesity. In this Perspective, we will review recent progress, highlight areas of controversy or uncertainty, and suggest approaches to clarifying the unresolved issues.
Fatal Hepatorenal Failure Associated with Hydrazine Sulfate
Authors: Mark I. Hainer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

The Internet has revolutionized the manner in which patients obtain information about health care. This technology has also allowed patients to obtain directly both prescription and nonprescription therapies.To report a case of fulminant hepatorenal failure associated with the use of hydrazine sulfate, an unregulated alternative remedy for cancer marketed on the Internet.Case report.Academic medical center.A 55-year-old man with maxillary sinus cancer.Self-medication with hydrazine sulfate.Serum liver and renal function tests; histologic evaluation of liver and kidney tissue.The patient developed hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, and profound coagulopathy. He died after severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage developed. Autopsy revealed autolysis of the kidneys and submassive bridging necrosis of the liver.Fatal hepatorenal failure may occur after the use of hydrazine sulfate. This fatal complication must be considered in anyone taking or contemplating the use of hydrazine sulfate.