tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expert Panel Advocates Surveillance for Men With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spectrum of β‐thalassemia in Jordan: Identification of two novel mutations
Authors: M.F. Sadiq, A. Eigel, J. Horst
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Two hundred and forty‐four β‐thalassemia alleles were identified from 135 unrelated occasionally and periodically transfusion dependent β‐ and S/β‐thalassemia patients from all regions of Jordan. Allele identification was achieved by PCR amplification of β‐globin genes, dot‐blotting the amplified DNA, hybridization with allele specific synthetic probes, and direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA. A total of 19 different mutations were detected, eight of them constituted about 86% of the Jordanian thalassemic chromosomes. These mutations were IVS1‐110 (G&gt;A) (25%), IVS2‐1 (G&gt;A) (15%), IVS2‐745 (C&gt;G) (14.2%), IVS1‐1 (G&gt;A) (10%), IVS1‐6 (T&gt;C) (8.3%), codon 37 (G&gt;A) (6.3%), codon 39 (C&gt;T) (4.6%), and codon 5 (‐C) (3.8%). The remaining eleven mutations were rare, presented with frequencies ranging between 0.4% and 1.6%. These included two novel mutations and four others detected in Jordan for the first time. The novel mutations were the frame shift (‐C) at codon 49 and the substitution (A&gt;C) at position −29 in the TATA box. Four alleles (1.6%) remained unidentified; having no abnormalities in their β‐globin gene sequences and therefore, constituted additional defects causing β‐thalassemia in the Jordanian population. These unknown alleles are expected to be candidates for upstream or downstream mutations affecting the expression of β‐globin gene. The results provided the essential foundation for planning a national preventive program for thalassemia in Jordan and will help improving the medical services for the patients and their families by helping their clinicians and genetic counselors in evaluating their variants and designing their treatment regimens. Am. J. Hematol. 68:16–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical Evidence: A Compendium of the Best Available Evidence for Effective Health Care
Authors: Lawrence G. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 December 1999Clinical Evidence: A Compendium of the Best Available Evidence for Effective Health CareLawrence G. Smith, MDLawrence G. Smith, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. (Smith)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-11-199912070-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Issue 1. 598 pages. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 1999. Two issues per year. $99. ISBN 0727913646. Order phone 800-236-6265.Field of medicine: Primary care medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians and trainees.Purpose: To present easily accessible evidence-based summaries that answer clinical questions about common medical problems.Content: The book covers treatment options for common medical problems seen in general practice. Disease summaries are based on a set of clinically relevant questions that are then answered by data from randomized, controlled trials and systematic reviews.Highlights: Each chapter consists of clinically important questions, interventions rated for their beneficial ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. (Smith) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 11Page: 872KeywordsEvidence based medicineHealth careHealth information technologyPrimary carePrimary care physiciansSoftware toolsSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Austin E. Smith, MD: Eighth JAMA Editor
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AUSTIN E. SMITH, MD, eighth editor (1949-1958) ofJAMA, died October 10 in Fort Myers, Fla, where he lived in retirement. He would have observed his 81st birthday November 25.  When he resigned after 9 years asJAMAeditor, Smith became the first full-time, salaried president of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC. He served from 1959 until 1965, heading the association through the period when Sen Estes Kefauver investigated the industry.  Later, Smith was chair of the board of directors of Parke, Davis & Company (now Parke-Davis, a division of Warner-Lambert Company), and board vice chair of Warner-Lambert Company, both in Morris Plains, NJ. He also chaired the board of Sonic Electric Energy Corporation, Randolph, NJ.  He was editor-in-chief ofMedical Timesfrom 1975 until 1977. During the late 1970s, he also founded and was an officer of investment companies.  Fishbein Understudy  Originally, Smith had been director of the
Abstract 4097: Integrative analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Daria A. Gaykalova, Rajita Vatapalli, Yingying Wei, Patrick Hennessey, Zubair Khan, William Westra, Tanbir Khan, David Zaboli, David Sidransky, Michael Ochs, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a 50% patient survival rate 5 years post-diagnosis despite current therapeutic strategies. A direct comprehensive genome wide integrated analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional alteration in primary HNSCC has not been performed before. Such data would greatly enrich our knowledge about HNSCC biology and would be beneficial for the development of the individual targeted therapy. Experimental Design: 44 primary HNSCC and 25 normal mucosal samples were used in the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 array and for the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 27 array. To analyze the data we employed a novel screening approach based on Cancer Outlier Profile Analysis (COPA). With use of this approach we determined 81 significant differentially expressed and 37 significant differentially methylated genes with both oncogenic and tumor suppressing properties. Results: Out of total 118 candidate genes we picked 36 candidate tumor suppressing genes with strong correlation between hypermethylation and decrease of expression in tumor samples, such as BANK1, ADFP, MAPK4, ZNF71 and others. 20 genes out of total 36 were validated by bisulfite sequencing in a separate cohort of 32 primary HNSCC tumor and 16 normal mucosal tissues. Out of the total 20 genes, 13 demonstrated at least 40% difference in methylation, most notably for BANK1 81% of tumors were more methylated as compared to normals. 7 of these newly discovered genes out of the 36 belong to Zinc Finger Proteins (ZNF) group and they have never been reported as tumor suppressors in HNSCC before. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of ZNFs revealed that they are strongly hypermethylated and underexpressed in HNSCC tumor samples. Conclusions: Our new screening approach allowed identification of 36 candidate tumor suppressor genes aberrantly methylated and transcriptionally suppressed in HNSCC. Validation of gene expression and methylation allowed the detection of ZNF genes whose downregulation may play a significant role in HNSCC tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4097. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4097
Cheating in medical school
Authors: F. J Leavitt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I caught a medical student cheating. It was in the easiest course in the medical school, an elective in philosophy for first year students. We discuss proofs of God's existence, whether or not we have souls, the meaning of life, and metaphysical foundations of mathematics. We do this to stretch the students' minds, help them relax and have some intellectual fun in the midst of a gruelling curriculum, and help them become deep thinking doctors, perhaps a little better equipped to face the ethical dilemmas that they will have to confront in the strange new world which biomedical engineering and molecular biology are creating for us.

In this of all courses the student chose to cheat.

“Jack,” as I'll call him here, was one of the sharpest and most enthusiastic participants in class discussion. The term paper, which I gave them the whole summer to write, was an easy and fun assignment. Just …
Age–incidence patterns of primary CNS tumors in children, adolescents, and adults in England
Authors: Ramandeep S. Arora, Robert D. Alston, Tim O.B. Eden, Edward J. Estlin, Anthony Moran, Jillian M. Birch
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Around 25% of all tumors in those 0–14 years of age and 9% in those 15–24 years of age involve the CNS. They are the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both age groups. In adults 25–84 years of age, the proportion of CNS tumors is 2%; 5-year overall survival is 10%–15%; and survivors have considerable morbidity. Comprehensive up-to-date population-based incidence data on these tumors are lacking. We present incidence rates for primary CNS tumors based on data derived from the high-quality national cancer registration system in England. A total of 54,336 CNS tumors of malignant, benign, and uncertain behavior were registered across the whole of England from 1995 through 2003. The age-standardized rates for all ages (0–84 years) was 9.21 per 100,000 person-years. This is higher than previously reported for England because it includes nonmalignant CNS tumors and hence gives a more accurate picture of burden of disease. The age-standardized rates for those 0–14 years of age, 15–24 years of age, and 25–84 years of age were 3.56, 3.26, and 14.57 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. In this article, we describe the changing patterns in the epidemiology of primary CNS tumors in these three age groups with respect to sex, tumor behavior, and histology using the current WHO classification. This information will provide a reference for future studies nationally and internationally and make comparisons relevant and meaningful.
Intraspinal Canal Neurolymphomatosis Detected by FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Masami Nishio, Tsuneo Tamaki, Hironobu Ochi, Yuta Shibamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 64-year-old man complained of pain in the left side of his neck and chest. Subsequently, the symptoms were aggravated and paralyzes of the left upper and lower extremities appeared. With the diagnosis of polyneuritis, steroid pulse therapy was started, but he showed no improvement in symptoms. An FDG-PET/CT scan was performed. FDG accumulated in the lumbar spinal canal and along the left brachial and bilateral lumbosacral plexuses, suggesting involvement by malignant tumors. These findings appeared to be consistent with the clinical and cytologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. After systemic chemotherapy, all the above-mentioned accumulations disappeared and he achieved a complete remission.
A retrospective evaluation of azathioprine in severe childhood atopic eczema, using thiopurine methyltransferase levels to exclude patients at high risk of myelosuppression
Authors: L-A. Murphy, D. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which in most children can be adequately controlled using topical therapy. However, in a small number of children it is necessary to use systemic treatments to gain an acceptable level of disease control. Objectives To evaluate azathioprine as a treatment for severe atopic eczema in children, and the value of pretreatment thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) levels in the identification of patients at high risk of myelosuppression. Methods Between January 1997 and May 2000, 91 children had erythrocyte TPMT assays with the intention of treating their atopic eczema with azathioprine. This study is based on retrospective examination of data taken from the hospital notes of these children, who had attended Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and St John's Institute of Dermatology, London. Results The distribution of TPMT values corresponded closely to that previously described in adults. Forty‐eight children were commenced on treatment with azathioprine. Twenty‐eight had an excellent response to treatment, 13 had a good response and seven had a poor response. No patient developed neutropenia. Conclusions Azathioprine may prove a very valuable treatment for severe atopic eczema in children. We consider its short‐term adverse effect profile in children with normal TPMT activity to have been entirely acceptable with our treatment protocol. As result, we now feel confident to initiate therapy at dose levels of 2·5–3·5 mg kg−1 in those with a normal TPMT level, and to reduce the frequency with which we undertake tests of bone marrow and liver function.
RAPID BREAKING OF TOLERANCE AGAINST <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Olof Sjöberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The breaking of tolerance against the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli 055:B5 was studied. It was found that immune responsiveness recovered very slowly in vivo, tolerance still existing 3 wk after the last tolerizing injection. However, if spleen cells from tolerant mice were transferred into irradiated syngeneic recipients, the tolerant state was readily broken. Spleen cells transferred 3 days after the last tolerance-maintaining dose did not respond, whereas cells transferred on day 5 or 7 responded equally well as normal spleen cells. It was also possible to break tolerance by incubating tolerant spleen cells, which did not respond after transfer, for 20 hr in vitro before transfer into irradiated recipients. The results suggest that there exist reversibly inactivated cells in tolerant animals and that these cells can be reactivated upon removal of the cells to a neutral environment.
Lowering of Plasma Glucose Concentrations With Bezafibrate in Patients With Moderately Controlled NIDDM
Authors: Ian R Jones, Andrew Swai, Roy Taylor, Margaret Miller, Michael F Laker, K George MM Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The goal of this study was to investigate whether treatment with bezafibrate improves glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study included 37 NIDDM patients with HbA1 concentrations &amp;gt;8.5% and normal kidney and liver function who were being treated with diet alone or diet together with a sulfonylurea drug. One patient withdrew because of constipation. At randomization and after 3 mo of treatment, patients were given a standard mixed-test-meal tolerance test (MTT; 500 cal) after an overnight fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, metabolite, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and triglyceride concentrations were measured at 15- to 30-min intervals. Serum lipid, HbA1, and fructosamineconcentrations were measured at monthly intervals. Glucose, NEFA, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower throughout the second MTT in bezafibrate patients (P &amp;lt; 0.01–0.001) but not in the placebo group. Fasting serum insulin and C-peptide levels, but not postprandial concentrations, were reduced only in bezafibrate patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05). After 3 mo, mean fasting serum triglyceride concentrations fell from 2.2 to 1.4 mM (P &amp;lt; 0.001), total serum cholesterol concentrations from 6.3 to 5.5 mM (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations from 4.2 to 3.5 mM (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in bezafibrate patients. There were no changes in serum lipid concentrations in the placebo group. Treatment of patients with moderately controlled NIDDM with bezafibrate improves glucose tolerance and the serum lipid profile. Bezafibrate treatment may be a useful adjunct to hypoglycemic therapy in patients with NIDDM.
Turkish physicians’ perception of allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma
Authors: E. Civelek, O. U. Soyer, B. Gemicioglu, B. E. Şekerel
Journal: Allergy (2006)

The clinical association of rhinitis and asthma has been recognized for centuries, leading to a current definition of 'one airway, one disease'. Current findings indicate that the optimal treatment of rhinitis might improve coexisting asthma.To evaluate perception of the asthma-rhinitis association and to determine their capability in managing rhinitis.Participants of three national asthma meetings, in 2004, were asked to complete a questionnaire which, aside from demographic queries, elicited responses in order to reflect agreement or not with the given statements.Of the 354 attendees, 220 (62%) responded to the questionnaire. Although over 80% reported good perception of the asthma-rhinitis association, only one-third were examining nasal mucosa of asthmatics, and over 70% believed sinus X-ray, blood eosinophil count, and determination of total serum IgE were required to diagnose allergic rhinitis. Between 20% and 40% of the physicians reported misuse of medications for rhinitis.This survey documented that the asthma-rhinitis association is generally recognized by physicians treating asthma in Turkey. However, there are certain training needs in terms of attitude towards examinations and appropriate use of laboratories and medications for rhinitis. Improved understanding/management of rhinitis may contribute to asthma care as well as patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.
Endothelial Function, Carotid–Femoral Stiffness, and Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Men With Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Dilated Aorta
Authors: Nikolaos Tzemos, Erik Lyseggen, Candice Silversides, Michal Jamorski, Jeffrey H. Tong, Paula Harvey, John Floras, Samuel Siu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Auranofin: A New Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: HERBERT R. DYER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1987Auranofin: A New Drug for Rheumatoid ArthritisHERBERT R. DYER, M.D.HERBERT R. DYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-631 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Abruzzo's (1) editorial on auranofin oral gold is most interesting. The implication that nonrheumatologists regularly treat, rather than refer, patients with "painful and disabling synovitis" (undiagnosed) unresponsive to acetylsalicylic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is, I hope, generally false. However, if such physicians are indeed not referring these patients to a rheumatologist, Dr. Abruzzo should take a clear and unequivocal stand against this practice.Furthermore, the notion that patients with synovitis can be relegated to an amorphous group with "early disease" is inherently objectionable. These people are seriously ill and should have the benefit of complete...Reference1. ABRUZZO J. Auranofin: a new drug for rheumatoid arthritis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:274-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. ABRUZZO J. Auranofin: a new drug for rheumatoid arthritis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:274-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEINBERG A. On the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1983;1:85-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. STEINBERG A. On the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1983;1:85-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ABRUZZO J. Auranofin: a new drug for rheumatoid arthritis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:274-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baton Rouge Clinic Baton Rouge, LA 70806 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1987Volume 106, Issue 4Page: 631-632KeywordsDrugsRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 April 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Overweight in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: William H. Dietz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The prevalence of overweight doubled among children 6 to 11 years of age and tripled among those 12 to 17 years of age between the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted between 1976 and 1980, and the most recent such survey, conducted in 1999 and 2000. Overweight in children and adolescents, defined as a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex, is epidemic. Black and Mexican-American children and adolescents are disproportionately affected. Although only 25 to . . .