tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immediate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: R S Horowitz, J Morganroth, C Parrotto, C C Chen, J Soffer, F J Pauletto
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To define the role of portable two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) in the immediate diagnosis of acute chest pain syndrome, 80 consecutive patients were studied. Adequate 2-D echo studies were obtained in 65 (81%). Thirty-three patients had clinical evidence of transmural or nontransmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 18 of whom had nondiagnostic initial ECGs. Thirty-two did not have a clinical AMI. Thirty-one of the 33 (94%) patients with clinical AMI had regional wall motion abnormalities on the initial 2-D echo; the other two had uncomplicated nontransmural AMIs, diagnosed only by ECG in one and by ECG and moderate elevation of CK-MB isoenzyme in the other. Twenty-seven of the 32 patients without clinical AMI had normal regional wall motion on the initial 2-D echo and none had a complication (severe arrhythmia, recurrent pain, heart failure or death) during the hospital course. Conversely, 10 of the 36 patients with initial 2-D echo regional wall motion abnormalities had a complication (p less than 0.05). Thus, in patients with acute chest pain syndrome, an initial 2-D echo that shows no regional wall motion abnormality suggests that such patients will not develop an AMI or clinical complication during the hospital course. An initial 2-D echo with regional wall motion abnormality identifies a high-risk group of patients who are likely to have AMI and important cardiac complications and may, therefore, benefit from admission to an intensive care unit.
An Account of some of the Medals of the London Hospitals
Authors: T. E. James
Journal: BMJ (1900)

At the experimental filters at Crossness two vertical pipes were inserted into the coke bed, to the depth of 6 and I3 feet respectively.After the sewage bad been allowed to drain off, the percentage proportions of oxygen and carbonic acid were estimated from samples taken at stated intervals from the interspaces between the coke fragments.After the air had been in contact with the lower strata of the coke for seventy hours, it still contained an average of about 75 per cent. of its original oxygen, and the average amount of carbonic acid did not exceed 3 per cent.FROST.The fear which has been expressed that a hard frost would seriously interfere with the working of the filter beds has so far not been justified.Sewage is generally at a temperature of 6o0F., and I have only heard of one case where it has frozen.This was at Colonel Ducat's system at Sutton, but here the filter was not built or protected as Colonel Ducat wished or de- signed, the consequence was that its arrangement of open pipes drew the outside cold air into the interior of the filter and proved nothing more or less than a freezing machine.
Low‐dose cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: E. Toubi, A. Blant, A. Kessel, T. D. Golan
Journal: Allergy (1997)

In a limited number of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) patients, low-dose cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment was found to be effective. This open study aimed to extend this clinical observation and determine the safety of treatment with CsA. In addition, it aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of the autologous serum skin test (AST) in such patients, and whether this test is affected by CsA treatment. Thirty-five patients who suffered from severe CIU (score 3), and who were followed for 6 months (using a clinical urticaria-severity score [range 0-3]) were divided into three groups: 19/35 were treated for 3 months with low-dose CsA, and thereafter followed for an additional 3 months; 6/35 dropped out of protocol treatment; and 10/35 untreated patients (followed for the same period) served as a disease controls. In the treated group, no side-effects were observed, and by the end of treatment, 13/19 (68%) patients were in full remission (score 0) and the remainder scored 1. In contrast, the 10 CsA-untreated patients scored 3 for the whole follow-up period of 6 months. Positive AST was found in 14/35 (40%) of patients, whereas none were detected in 20 healty control subjects. AST neither correlated with disease activity nor predicted response to treatment. This uncontrolled study shows that low-dose CsA is effective in treating CIU patients, and can be given safely for 3 months. However, CIU patients requiring initially high doses of glucocorticosteroids and with a long clinical history are less amenable to CsA treatment.
The Hugh Owen Thomas Lecture on the Orthopaedic Aspects of Chronic Arthritis
Authors: R. B. Osgood
Journal: BMJ (1926)

Age incidence:Infancy to middle life Middle life to old age.Onset:Acute to insidious Subacute to ignorance of presence.Joint manifestations: Periarticular and articular swelling.Often free fluid.Early No periarticular and usually only localized articular swelling.limitation of motion considerable.In hands mid-phalangeal Rarely free fluid.Little limitation of motion till late.Ia and metacarpoplalangeal joints usually involved filrst hands terminal joints usually involved first. Symptoms:General health usually less robtust.Ptotic type.Pain and General health usually robust.Well nourished type.Paii disability usLially more marked and disability usually less marked.Early radiogram:No discoverable cartilage or bone changes.Shadows of excess Early slight " lipping" of articular margins.Shadows of of fluid and general increased density of soft parts localized synovial membrane proliferations may or may not be seen. Late radiogram:Diminished density of bones.Usually absence of hyperostosis.Except after long disuse no diminished density of bones.Narrowed articular cartilage space.Ends of bones fairly Presence of markedhyperostosis."Joint mice."Narrowed regular in outline.Bony ankylosis common articular cartilage stace.Ends of bones irregular in outline.Bony ankylosis rare.Temperature:In early stage often slightly elevated.In late stage often Normal.subnormal I lood pressure:Usually lower than normal for age May be low, but usually normal or high for age.Morbid histology:Early proliferation of synovial membrane.Pannus.Usually Early fibrillation of cartilage.Chondro-osseous hypertrophy small round-cell infiltration.at articular margins.Rarely small round-cell infiltration.Late atrophic and destructive changes in cartilage and bone.No general synovial membrane proliferation: separate villi.No cyst-like cavities in ends of bones.Fibrous or bony Late degeneration and loss of articular cartilage.Changes ankylosis common ili shape of articular ends.Eburnation of articular ends.Cyst-like cavities in ends of bone.Bony ankylosis rare.
All journals from the BMJ Publishing Group should be free online
Authors: A E Dobbin
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—During last October I received my BMJ in a wrapper that proudly proclaimed that many journals published by the BMJ Publishing Group, including Heart , Gut , Thorax , and JMG , were now online. I thought this a useful innovation and looked forward to getting access to them. I am a full time, extremely busy general practitioner—as we all are—and access to any kind of information is therefore extremely useful. There had been a lot of interest in a recent article in Thorax about diet and obstructive airways disease. Naturally, I wanted to look at it, and I assumed that I would be able to gain access to it through the BMJ 's website or Medline.

After spending a frustrating 25 minutes seeking access I had to give up. I managed to get an article from a newspaper online about the article. I telephoned the helpline advertised on the outside cover of …
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED RECURRENCE-FREE SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC AL AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Julie Friedman, Shishir Sharma, Daniel Katz, Crystal Medina, Erin Unger, Seema Singhal, Jayesh Mehta, Sanjiv Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Encapsulating architecture and encapsulating processes
Authors: Patrick Juola
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Thomas &amp; Karmiloff-Smith (T&amp;K-S) raise the excellent and, in retrospect, obvious point that in a dynamic learning environment where feedback is possible, we should expect networks to adapt to damage by altering details of their behavior. We should therefore not expect that developmental disorders should result in “normal” modules. The implications of this point go much further, since interprocess dependency in the brain does not rely only on learned neural connections. This argues strongly against behavioral and process-related definitions, as opposed to structural and architecture-related definitions, of mental modularity.
922-57 Three-dimensional Analysis of Mitral Annular Configuration and Dynamics in Patients with an Annuloplasty Ring by Omniplane Transesophageal Echocardiography: Comparison Between Flexible and Rigid Annuloplasty Rings
Authors: Takeshi Hozumi, Junichi Yoshikawa, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Yasuko Yamaura, Takashi Akasaka, Yukikatsu Okada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cerebral mass lesions in patients with AIDS.
Authors: W Hately, R L Borgstein, P J Hamlyn
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Sir,?We would like to comment on the case report presented by Dr H Montgomery1 and the subsequent letter from Mr I R Whittle concerning the safety of stereotactic biopsy guided by com? puted tomography.2 Brain biopsy guided by ultrasonography and carried out through a burr hole with the Berger neurobiopsy device is a simpler and cheaper alternative to the use of a stereotactic frame.3 It does not require the patient to be moved from the theatre to the scanning suite and back again under general anaesthesia. The Berger device is screwed into the burr hole in theatre and ultrasonography is performed to identify the lesion for biopsy. After alignment of the probe holder and needle guide the biopsy needle can be advanced to the appropriate depth. Assessment of the ultrasound image enables biopsy specimens to be taken from the echogenic rim of a lesion, where living cells are more likely to be found, rather than from the necrotic centre. Biopsy specimens can be taken from multiple sites through the one burr hole. Also, the lesion may be rescanned after each pass of the needle and any haemorrhage identified, enabling prompt treatment without necessitating return to a com? puted tomographic scanner. We have just reported our initial experience with the device in 49 patients4 and consider it to be a valuable alternative to stereotaxis guided by computed tomography in many cases. In our small series there was no appreciable morbidity associated with the procedure and no deaths occurred. WILLIAM HATELY RUDI L BORGSTEIN PETER J HAMLYN
Predominance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among HIV positive subjects with pyrexia of unknown origin in Chennai, Southern India
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh, Esaki Muthu Shankar, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Paulas Irene, Kailapuri G. Murugavel, Kenneth H. Mayer, Suniti Solomon, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Daily asthma severity in relation to personal ozone exposure and outdoor fungal spores.
Authors: R J Delfino, B D Coate, R S Zeiger, J M Seltzer, D H Street, P Koutrakis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Epidemiologic investigations of ambient ozone (O3) effects on daily asthma status have not used personal O3 exposures and have often lacked well-characterized allergen exposures. To address this, we studied 12 asthmatic subjects aged 9 to 16 yr, who recorded daily asthma symptoms (functional levels 0 to 5) and as-needed inhaler use during September and October 1993 in San Diego, California, Outdoor aeroallergens, O3, and fine particle concentrations were measured at a central outdoor site, and personal 12-h daytime exposures to O3 were measured daily. Personal O3 differed greatly between subjects and was 27% of mean outdoor O3. In random-effects autoregression models controlling for weekend days and fungal spores, personal O3 was associated with asthma severity: for a 90th percentile increase in O3 (25 ppb), symptom scores increased by 25% (95% CI: 0 to 49%) and inhaler use increased by 26% (95% CI: 3 to 48%) over their averages. Outdoor 12-h O3, but not 1-h maximum O3, was associated with inhaler use (p < 0.03). Fungal spores were significantly associated with symptoms (scores increased by 0.1 to 0.3/1,000 spores/m3) and inhaler use (0.1 to 0.4 puffs/1,000 spores/m3) across speciated groups. Pollen and fine particles (low levels) were not associated with any outcomes. These findings illustrate that the epidemiologic importance of O3 and allergenic cofactors can be underestimated by failure to account for personal O3 and fungal exposures.
Insecticidal Bed Nets Help Reduce Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Bed nets treated with insecticide can reduce the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, the nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis, a debilitating tropical disease commonly known as elephantiasis, report an international team of scientists (Reimer LJ et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:745-753).
Environmental Chemicals in Pregnant Women in the United States: NHANES 2003–2004
Authors: Tracey J. Woodruff, Ami R. Zota, Jackie M. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Exposure to chemicals during fetal development can increase the risk of adverse health effects, and while biomonitoring studies suggest pregnant women are exposed to chemicals, little is known about the extent of multiple chemicals exposures among pregnant women in the United States.We analyzed biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) to characterize both individual and multiple chemical exposures in U.S. pregnant women.We analyzed data for 163 chemical analytes in 12 chemical classes for subsamples of 268 pregnant women from NHANES 2003-2004, a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. For each chemical analyte, we calculated descriptive statistics. We calculated the number of chemicals detected within the following chemical classes: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), organochlorine pesticides, and phthalates and across multiple chemical classes. We compared chemical analyte concentrations for pregnant and nonpregnant women using least-squares geometric means, adjusting for demographic and physiological covariates.The percentage of pregnant women with detectable levels of an individual chemical ranged from 0 to 100%. Certain polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, PFCs, phenols, PBDEs, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and perchlorate were detected in 99-100% of pregnant women. The median number of detected chemicals by chemical class ranged from 4 of 12 PFCs to 9 of 13 phthalates. Across chemical classes, median number ranged from 8 of 17 chemical analytes to 50 of 71 chemical analytes. We found, generally, that levels in pregnant women were similar to or lower than levels in nonpregnant women; adjustment for covariates tended to increase levels in pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women.Pregnant women in the U.S. are exposed to multiple chemicals. Further efforts are warranted to understand sources of exposure and implications for policy making.
Textbook of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: A. A. Levitan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract LB-180: Notch-1: A therapeutic target for breast cancer stem cells and breast cancer cells
Authors: Suman Suman, Trinath P. Das, Vittal Kurisetty, Thippeswamy Gulappa, Aditi Shirish Vadodkar, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy, Chendil Damodaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In spite of early diagnosis and potent treatment modalities, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer related death among women. Studies have shown that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by cell surface antigens CD44+/CD24-/low and high Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity. These cells are refractory to current treatment modalities, show higher risk of metastasis, a shorter time to recurrence, and relapse to death. Hence, it is imperative to find new effective treatments to target both BCSCs and breast cancer cells (BCs) in order to reduce mortality associated with this disease. Notch signaling is implicated in self-renewal of stem cells by transcriptional activation of its target genes such as Hes-1 and Hey-1. Hence, we screened small molecules, which target Notch signaling in ALDH+ and ALDH- breast cancer cells. We have identified a potent natural compound psoralidin that effectively inhibits ALDH+ and ALDH- breast cancer cells. Our results revealed, psoralidin significantly down-regulates Notch-1 and its target genes (Hes-1 and Hey-1), which resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in both ALDH+ and ALDH- cells. Psoralidin significantly inhibited invasion and migration of ALDH+ (p&amp;lt;0.004) and ALDH- (p&amp;lt;0.001) cells. Interestingly, higher inhibition in invasion (MMPs, Laminin, ADAMs) and migration (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, Zeb-1) was observed in case of ALDH- cells as compared to the ALDH+ cells. Our ongoing overexpression and inhibition studies on Notch-1 (in vitro and in vivo) may reveal the role of Notch-1 in ALDH+ and ALDH- cells. In addition, phenotypic and molecular analysis will help us to understand the mechanism behind tumor initiation, metastasis and recurrence of tumor growth in breast cancer. Our results may support psoralidin as a novel potent anticancer agent targeting both BCSCs and BCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-180. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-180
CO-OPERATIVE METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE USEFULNESS OF STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF CAUSES OF DEATH.
Authors: CRESSY L. WILBUR
Journal: JAMA (1903)

One of the most important matters involved in the administration of a registration office is the selection and proper use of a statistical classification of causes of death. The mortality from various diseases must be known in order that the value of methods adopted by sanitary officers for their prevention and restriction may be appreciated, and it is important for many reasons that accurate and fully comparable statistics of causes of death be published. This presupposes the use of some classification of causes of death. It may be said that the use of a formal classification is unnecessary, as the causes returned by physicians might be stated in alphabetical order. This would be possible for only the smallest areas of registration, and for short periods of time. For a large city, a state, or for the country as a whole, the number of different terms returned as causes of death
Decision time on consultants' contract
Authors: Diane Gray
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In 1999, the UK government promised a “consultant delivered” NHS, relying on a new contract for consultants to increase commitment to the NHS.1 This week ballot papers have been issued to consultants and junior doctors on the proposed new contract, ending months of discussion, road shows, questions, and explanations. Now it's decision time.

The new contract represents a notable departure from the current one.2 The linchpin to it is the job plan agreed between individual consultants and trust managers, which will describe personal goals for annual review and explicitly timetable a consultant's working week. Potential working hours will be extended to three sessions of four hours each per weekday and one on each weekend morning, with consultants expected to work 10 sessions (40 hours) each week and up to 12 if they wish. On-call duties and extra activities such as clinical governance can be negotiated locally to fill some sessions. Consultants wishing to practise privately must offer to work the first (the first two for new consultants) of their potential private sessions in …
Amphetamine-Induced Hyperthyroxinemia
Authors: JOHN E. MORLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Four patients had high serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations during periods of heavy amphetamine abuse. After amphetamine was withdrawn, serum T4 returned to normal. Administration of amphetamine to monkeys induced a rise in serum T4; in this model the high T4 level appeared to be caused by increased serum thyrotropin. The mechanism of this effect is unclear but is presumably mediated via the hypothalamus. Awareness of transient hyperthyroxinemia due to amphetamine may allow the physician to avoid confusion with true thyrotoxicosis.
Analysis of genomic breakpoints in p190 and p210 BCR–ABL indicate distinct mechanisms of formation
Authors: J Score, M J Calasanz, O Ottman, F Pane, R F Yeh, M A Sobrinho-Simões, S Kreil, D Ward, C Hidalgo-Curtis, J V Melo, J Wiemels, B Nadel, N C P Cross, F H Grand
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism
Authors: A. T Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Should cover a wider group of patients, and possibly for longer than currently recommended

Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and preventing it in patients admitted to hospital is an important way to improve safety, prevent morbidity and mortality, and save money.1 The linked prospective cohort study by Sweetland and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4583) is a wake-up call to all surgeons.2 It investigated a group of middle aged women at relatively low risk of VTE, without a history of VTE or cancer who had a single operation as an inpatient or day case.2 3 The types of surgery included minor operations and biopsies, and more than 60% of patients had day surgery. All types of surgery were associated with significantly increased risks of VTE—event rates increased from 0.06 per 1000 person months in those not undergoing surgery to 2.6 per 1000 person months during the first 12 weeks after inpatient surgery, and in most cases the risk remained for 12 months.

The risk was greatest in the first six weeks after surgery, peaking in the third week. Risk continued to be strong between seven and 12 weeks and …