tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and short-term benefits in fertility?
Authors: John T. Manning, Alex R. Gage
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Preference for partners with low fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may produce “good gene” benefits. However, Gangestad &amp; Simpson's analysis does not exclude immediate benefits of fertility. Low FA is related to fertility in men and women. Short-term changes in FA are correlated with fertility in women. It is not known whether temporal fluctuations in the FA of men are related to short-term fertility status.
P13.13 * INTRAOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY WITH INTRABEAM IN PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS AFTER RESECTION: PRELIMINARY REPORTS OF 26 CASES
Authors: X. Han, B. Fu, M. Wu, H. Zhang, D. Li, J. Zhang, D. Sun, S. Sun
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the preliminary results of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with Intrabeam (Zeiss) in patients with primary brain tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Primary brain tumor patients were selected and treated with Intrabeam IORT to the tumor beds in our center after resection, the doses range from 8-12Gy with depth of 2mm from applicator surface. All patients were evaluated in serials CT/MRI scans and neurological function, blood cell counting and wound healing duration. RESULTS: Up-to-now, 26 cases of adult patients (age from 8-75) with malignant brain tumor were treated with IORT, which included 1 recurrent medulloblastoma, 3 recurrent glioblastoma,1 recurrent astrocytoma, 5 anaplastic mixed glioma, 2 astrocytoma (grade 2) and 12 new diagnosis glioblastoma, 2 epydenoma . 3 of them had been previously irradiated. Follow-up was 1month to 15 months. Until now, 6 patients died (2 died within 1 month after surgery, 4 died of recurrent tumors). Other 20 patients are still alive without tumor recurrence (1-14 month), follow-up MRI /CT scans did not show significant necrosis after IORT; 1 patients had bleeding in the tumor cavity (thalamus, died 20days later), 1 patient have paralysis 1 day after operation and recovered 10 days later because of cerebral artery spasm, others are all recovered totally from surgery without any complications, blood counting and wound healing duration were the same as no-IORT patients. No other toxicity was observed at the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results of 26 cases during 1-15 months follow- up demonstrated that Intrabeam IORT to a dose of 8-12 Gy to 2 mm in the treatment of primary brain tumors beds are safe without increase post-operative complications, but long term follow up for recurrent malignant brain tumors were not satisfy, but for new diagnosis brain tumor patients showed good local tumor control with relatively long term survival. Further researches are needed to evaluate long term efficacy, especially for ependymomas and low grade glioma.
Ventilatory responses during wakefulness in children with obstructive sleep apnea.
Authors: C L Marcus, D Gozal, R Arens, D J Basinski, K J Omlin, T G Keens, S L Ward
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The pathophysiology of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is not fully understood. In children, airway obstruction secondary to tonsilloadenoidal hypertrophy is the leading cause of OSAS. However, not all children with tonsilloadenoidal hypertrophy develop OSAS. Thus, other factors, including abnormalities in ventilatory control, may contribute to the etiology of OSAS. To test this, we performed polysomnography and hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory response testing in 20 children and adolescents with OSAS (mean age, 8 +/- 3 [SD] yr) and 19 control subjects. Only two children with OSAS were obese. Children with OSAS had an apnea index of 16 +/- 20, peak PETCO2 of 54 +/- 5 mm Hg, and SaO2 nadir of 84 +/- 13% during polysomnography. Ventilatory responses were performed by rebreathing techniques. The slope of the hypercapnic ventilatory responses, corrected for body surface area, was 1.74 +/- 0.79 L/min/m2/mm Hg PETCO2 in children with OSAS and 1.45 +/- 0.58 L/min/m2/mmHg PETCO2 in control subjects (NS). Hypoxic ventilatory responses, corrected for body surface area, were -0.94 +/- 0.49 L/min/m2/% SaO2 in children with OSAS and -0.95 +/- 0.45 L/min/m2/% SaO2 in control subjects (NS); however, the sample size was small. There was a weak inverse correlation between the slope of the hypercapnic ventilatory response and the duration of hypoventilation during polysomnography (r = -0.44, p < 0.05). We conclude that children with OSAS have normal ventilatory responses to hypercapnia, and they may have normal ventilatory responses to hypoxia. We speculate that abnormal central ventilatory drive plays little if any role in the pathogenesis of pediatric OSAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Awareness, Treatment, and Control of LDL Cholesterol Are Lower Among U.S. Adults With Undiagnosed Diabetes Versus Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Todd M. Brown, Rikki M. Tanner, April P. Carson, Huifeng Yun, Robert S. Rosenson, Michael E. Farkouh, J. Michael Woolley, Evan L. Thacker, Stephen P. Glasser, Monika M. Safford, Paul Muntner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Diabetes is often undiagnosed, resulting in incorrect risk stratification for lipid-lowering therapy. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) among U.S. adults with undiagnosed diabetes.Fasting NHANES participants 20 years of age or older who had 10-year Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk scores <20% and were free of CHD or other CHD risk equivalents (n = 5,528) were categorized as having normal glucose, impaired fasting glucose, undiagnosed diabetes, or diagnosed diabetes. High LDL-C was defined by the 2004 Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines.The prevalence of diagnosed and of undiagnosed diabetes was 8 and 4%, respectively. Mean LDL-C was 102 ± 2 mg/dL among those with diagnosed diabetes and 117 ± 3 mg/dL for those with undiagnosed diabetes (P < 0.001). The prevalence of high LDL-C was similar among individuals with undiagnosed (81%) and diagnosed (77%) diabetes. Among individuals with undiagnosed diabetes and high LDL-C, 38% were aware, 27% were treated, and 16% met the ATP III LDL-C goal for diabetes. In contrast, among individuals with diagnosed diabetes and high LDL-C, 70% were aware, 61% were treated, and 36% met the ATP III goal. Subjects with undiagnosed diabetes remained less likely to have controlled LDL-C after multivariable adjustment (prevalence ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.80).Improved screening for diabetes and reducing the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes may identify individuals requiring more intensive LDL-C reduction.
Children who cannot read.
Authors: B Hornsby
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The Department understands that in general the shortage is not expected to be troublesome but may cause difficulties in some fields of surgical or medical practice where alternative drugs are less satisfactory.The decision as to the most appropriate treatment for particular patients rests, of course, with the doctor responsible.I believe, however, that in the circumstances all doctors will wish to do all that they can to preserve the limited stocks of cocaine by using alternative drugs wherever possible.
Crushed Enteric-Coated Methenamine Tablets
Authors: James R. Jansen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The authors of the article, "Lipoid Pneumonia Caused By Methenamine Mandelate Suspension" (225:1524, 1973), concluded that "Simply, methenamine tablets can be crushed and given with food to problem patients." Methenamine mandelate (Mandelamine) is available as an entericcoated tablet (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 gm). The antibacterial effect of methenamine is dependent on the release of formaldehyde from the drug in acid media. Since 10% to 30% of the drug is prematurely converted to formaldehyde by acidic stomach contents,<sup>1</sup>an enteric coating is applied to the oral tablets. Although published studies using methenamine or its salts do not appear to support or disprove the rationale for enteric coating of methenamine,<sup>2</sup>reservations should be made before crushing any entericcoated drug product.
False-Positive Reversible Septal Myocardial Perfusion Defect Caused by Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Hua Yang, Mehdi Bathaii, Mohamed Houseni, Ghassan El-Haddad, Hongming Zhuang, Abass Alavi, Luis Araujo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The artificial perfusion defects caused by intestinal activity superimposed on myocardial uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) are frequently seen on myocardial perfusion studies. It can be challenging to differentiate the artifact from an authentic perfusion defect in this setting. Intestinal activity can affect the perfusion images of different walls depending on the relative location of the intestine to the heart. It is known that diaphragmatic hernias develop in approximately one of 6 patients who undergo explantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) followed by orthotopic heart transplantation. We present a case in which the intestinal activity in the thorax through a diaphragmatic hernia caused an artifact, mimicking ischemia of the anteroseptal ventricular wall in a patient with such a history.
Thyroid function tests and hypothyroidism
Authors: A. D Toft
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Paper p 311 

It is extraordinary that more than 100 years since the first description of the treatment of hypothyroidism and the current availability of refined diagnostic tests, debate is continuing about its diagnosis and management. Symptoms of thyroid failure are often non-specific, such as weight gain, low mood, and fatigue. Some patients seeking an explanation for feeling “below par” are disappointed when thyroid function tests are normal. Unable to accept that there may be psychosocial reasons for their symptoms, a vociferous minority believe that hypothyroidism may exist with normal serum concentrations of both thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Their hypothesis is that a doctor cannot know whether a concentration of free T4 or TSH within wide reference ranges is normal for that individual. Such an argument, supported by some misguided medical practitioners to justify prescribing various combinations of thyroid hormones, does not appreciate the sensitivity of the pituitary thyrotroph, which modifies the synthesis and secretion of TSH in response to minor changes in thyroid hormone concentrations within their reference ranges. For example, a reduction in free T4 from 20 pmol/l to 15 pmol/l is likely to cause …
Management of the Neurotic Patient
Authors: Donald J. MacPherson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE neurotic patient is a troubled person. His problems are personal and may or may not be a matter of conscious knowledge. The symptoms that occur as a result of these problems may be physical sensations and changes in physiologic function, often simulating organic disease, or disturbed states of mind, with anxiety, doubt and ineffectiveness as common complaints.The task is to discover and define the ideas, fears, errors in belief and emotional conflicts that have produced the problems and disturbed the smooth functioning of the patient in achieving some constructive purpose in life.In a psychiatric interview no attempt . . .
Points: Dietary prevention of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: T H Crouch
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Hyperlipidaemia advances and retreatsDr A LEWIS (London WlN 1FJ) writes: How long will it be before the hazards of eating dairy foods (23 August, p 564) are remembered with amusement like those of eating meat.This dangerous stuff (especially red meat) "caused" kidney disease, hypertension, rheumatism, and gout because it was a source of uric acid and urea, with which these conditions were thought to be associated. Drugs and rheumatoid arthritisDr JACK BOURNE (Hornchurch, Essex) writes: In his letter on the effect of corticosteroids on the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis,
METHOD FOR THE PURE CULTIVATION OF PATHOGENIC TREPONEMA PALLIDUM (SPIROCHÆTA PALLIDA)
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

In conclusion, it may be pointed out that this is the first time that Treponema pallidum of Schaudinn has been proven beyond all doubt to have been obtained in pure culture. The method of cultivation described would appear also to be suitable for obtaining indefinite generations of the microorganism. Doubtless slight modifications will adapt it to a larger number of strains and possibly to the cultivation of all strains and to still other species of treponema. Finally, it may now be accepted as established that the testicular lesions produced in rabbits by means of syphilitic materials are the result of the multiplication of the pallida and not of some associated indefinite parasite.
Phytomedicine research in Germany.
Authors: H Wagner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In Germany since 1980, more than 300 clinical studies have been carried out with standardized phytopharmaceuticals, including Crataegus, Silybum, Ginkgo, Hypericum, Sabal, Urtica, Kava-Kava, Allium sativum, Valeriana, Aesculus, Echinacea, and Viscum drugs. These studies assessed the efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals for the treatment of moderate or moderately severe diseases and prevention. Several comparative clinical trials showed that these phytopharmaceuticals had full therapeutic equivalence with chemotherapeutics and had the simultaneous advantage of being devoid of any adverse effects. The mechanism of action of herbal drugs and their extract preparations, which differ in many respects from that of synthetic drugs or mono substances, can be characterized as a polyvalent action and interpreted as additive or, in some cases, potentiating. Currently, a rationale for the observed reversal effects and optimal effects with very low doses after a long-term application has not been developed, but is under investigation by systematic research at the molecular level.
Cellular and molecular basis of von Willebrand disease: studies on blood outgrowth endothelial cells
Authors: Richard D. Starke, Koralia E. Paschalaki, Clare E. F. Dyer, Kimberly J. Harrison-Lavoie, Jacqueline A. Cutler, Thomas A. J. McKinnon, Carolyn M. Millar, Daniel F. Cutler, Mike A. Laffan, Anna M. Randi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease
Authors: Hajime Sumi, Osamu Yokosuka, Naohiko Seki, Makoto Arai, Fumio Imazeki, Tomoko Kurihara, Tatsuo Kanda, Kenichi Fukai, Masaki Kato, Hiromitsu Saisho
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype-related differences in the progression of liver disease, 585 patients with chronic HBV infection including 258 with histologically verified chronic liver disease (CLD) and 74 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined. The mean ages of both patients with advanced fibrosis (F3 or F4) and with HCC were significantly older in genotype B than in genotype C patients (P =.018, P =.024, respectively). Both the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity rate at biopsy and the cumulative HBe seroconversion rate in patients with CLD were significantly higher in genotype B patients than genotype C patients (P <.01, P =.022, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that genotype B, presence of precore mutation, high ALT levels, and severe histologic activity were independent factors for HBe seroconversion. Among all the biopsy-proven CLD patients, the ratio of patients with advanced fibrosis in genotype B was significantly lower than that in genotype C (4/30 vs. 74/224, respectively; P =.034). This difference was more remarkable in younger patients (< or =45 years; 1/25 vs. 47/180, respectively; P =.020), and there was no difference in older patients (>45 years). The distribution of each genotype between CLD and HCC was very similar (B and C: 11.2% and 87.0% vs. 10.8% and 89.2%, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that, although the patients with genotype B experience earlier HBe seroconversion, slower progression of liver fibrosis, and slower development of HCC, the life-long risk of progression to advanced fibrosis and development of HCC may not differ among genotypes B- and C-related chronic liver disease.
On Canine Madness: When Communicable and when Non-Communicable to Man
Authors: E. P. Philpots
Journal: BMJ (1873)

The three drachms daily were continuied up to Mlay 6th, when she com- menced takinig half an ouince daily, which was persevered with until she left the hospital.For five or six weeks she also hadl a warm bath twice a week.At no time did she complain of any rheumatic or other pain during her time of treatment ; and dulring her sojourn in the hos- pitLal no change of symptoms occurred, anid no fresh one, such as cough, albumen in the urine, etc., came on.The temperature was registered night andl morning, as before said, for several days, andl as may be seen by the appended table.After a time the gluten-bread became very distasteful, even when tried in every possible mode, and its use had to be discontinued.In spite of treatment and diet, the patient (thoughi from time to time she varied in weight and strength), on the 8th of Mlay, began decidedly to lose strength and spirits, and, at her own request, left the hospital eventually.The following table contains the registration of thae dail-y amount and specific gravity of the urine, and the occasional weight and tem- prtr. Urinle.Urine.
Pre-“EMT”ing key processes in liver carcinogenesis: Growing evidence for how malignant hepatocytes invade and conquer
Authors: Narci C. Teoh
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1–like gene ( CHD1L ) is a recently identified oncogene localized at 1q21, a frequently amplified region in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore its oncogenic mechanisms, we set out to identify CHD1L-regulated genes using a chromatin immunoprecipitation–based (ChIP-based) cloning strategy in a human HCC cell line. We then further characterized 1 identified gene, ARHGEF9 , which encodes a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rho small GTPase Cdc42. Overexpression of ARHGEF9 was detected in approximately half the human HCC samples analyzed and positively correlated with CHD1L overexpression. In vitro and in vivo functional studies in mice showed that CHD1L contributed to tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by increasing cell motility and inducing filopodia formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via ARHGEF9-mediated Cdc42 activation. Silencing ARHGEF9 expression by RNAi effectively abolished the invasive and metastatic abilities of CHD1L in mice. Furthermore, investigation of clinical HCC specimens showed that CHD1L and ARHGEF9 were markedly overexpressed in metastatic HCC tissue compared with healthy tissue. Increased expression of CHD1L was often observed at the invasive front of HCC tumors and correlated with venous infiltration, microsatellite tumor nodule formation, and poor disease-free survival. These findings suggest that CHD1L-ARHGEF9-Cdc42-EMT might be a novel pathway involved in HCC progression and metastasis.
The Evolution of Selective Biomedical Libraries and Their Use in the Developing World
Authors: Kenneth S. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1987)

CHARLES Darwin modestly described his discovery of the concept of evolution by natural selection in October 1838 as follows<sup>1</sup>: "I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habit of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favorable variations would tend to be preserved and unfavorable ones to be destroyed." My bibliographic work on one of the great diseases of the developing world made it clear to me that Darwin's laws of evolution were being bypassed by our medical and scientific information systems. The work began in 1967 with the publication of a complete computerized bibliography of schistosomiasis that included 10 286 references from 119 countries in 24 different languages, covering 110 years.<sup>2</sup>While this compendium served as a security blanket, it turned out
Evidence for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme– and Chymase-Mediated Angiotensin II Formation in the Interstitial Fluid Space of the Dog Heart In Vivo
Authors: Chih-Chang Wei, Qing C. Meng, Ronald Palmer, Gilbert R. Hageman, Joan Durand, Wayne E. Bradley, Diane M. Farrell, Gerald H. Hankes, Suzanne Oparil, Louis J. Dell’Italia
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the interstitial fluid (ISF) space of the heart are higher than in the blood plasma and do not change after systemic infusion of Ang I. In this study, we assess the enzymatic mechanisms (chymase versus ACE) by which Ang II is generated in the ISF space of the dog heart in vivo. Methods and Results —Cardiac microdialysis probes were implanted in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium (3 to 4 probes per dog) of 12 anesthetized open-chest normal dogs. ISF Ang I and II levels were measured at baseline and during ISF infusion of Ang I (15 μmol/L, n=12), Ang I+the ACE inhibitor captopril (cap) (2.5 mmol/L, n=4), Ang I+the chymase inhibitor chymostatin (chy) (1 mmol/L, n=4), and Ang I+cap+chy (n=4). ISF infusion of Ang I increased ISF Ang II levels 100-fold ( P &lt;0.01), whereas aortic and coronary sinus plasma Ang I and II levels were unaffected and were 100-fold lower than ISF levels. Compared with ISF infusion of Ang I alone, Ang I+cap (n=4) produced a greater reduction in ISF Ang II levels than did Ang I+chy (n=4) (71% versus 43%, P &lt;0.01), whereas Ang I+cap+chy produced a 100% decrease in ISF Ang II levels. Conclusions —This study demonstrates for the first time a very high capacity for conversion of Ang I to Ang II mediated by both ACE and chymase in the ISF space of the dog heart in vivo.
TCT-54 The Influence of Smoking Status On The Pharmacodynamics of Prasugrel and Clopidogrel:The PARADOX Study
Authors: Paul Gurbel, Kevin Bliden, Douglas Logan, Dean Kereiakes, Kenneth Lasseter, Alex White, Dominick Angiolillo, Thomas Nolin, Jen-Fue Maa, Joseph Jakubowski, Clement Ojeh, Udaya Tantry, William Bailey, Brian Baker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Drug donations to Bosnia-Hercegovina are often inappropriate
Authors: M. Bonati, G. B Forte, K. De Joncheere, E. Magnusson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The programme for pharmaceuticals of the World Health Organisation's Regional Office for Europe recently carried out a situation analysis of the pharmaceuticals in Bosnia-Hercegovina. One striking finding was the large amount of unused drugs that originated from donations. This finding is not exclusive to Bosnia-Hercegovina, and urgent action is needed to prevent such situations in countries in transition.

In Bosnia-Hercegovina 70–80% of drugs were reported to have been provided by humanitarian organisations, charities, and groups of …
THE PROPHYLAXIS OF SINUS DISEASES.
Authors: D. BRYSON DELAVAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

There can be no question that of late years diseases of the sinuses adjacent to the nose have been distressingly common. Case after case appeals to us for aid, all of the different sets of cavities show liability to involvement, and the processes of inflammation and suppuration are represented in a wide range of their typical manifestations. If the ultimate consequences of sinus disease were trivial and its natural course one which led to speedy recovery we might perhaps be pardoned for regarding it optimistically, and for leaving its care to the healing forces of Nature. Unfortunately, however, there is no class of disorders which calls more urgently for relief, nor which if neglected creates more wide-spread and disastrous ruin. The extensive and irreparable destruction of important parts, suffering of unparalleled severity, long-continued invalidism and nervous depression—these and many other evils may easily result from the diseases in question. In