tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Glycemic Control Relates to Mortality in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Dan K Andersson, Kurt Svärdsudd
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of long-term glycemic control on mortality in a cohort of newly detected type II diabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 411 newly detected type II diabetic individuals diagnosed between 1972 and 1987 were followed until 31 December 1989. Clinical data concerning fasting blood glucose (FBG) values, body mass index (BMI), type of treatment, and concomitant diseases were collected during 8 randomly selected years. Long-term glycemic control was measured as annual averages of FBG values during these years. Mortality data were obtained from official registers. RESULTS There were 161 diabetic subjects who died during a mean follow-up time of 7.4 years. In univariate analyses, higher age at diagnosis; higher baseline or average FBG; and the presence of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or kidney disease at the beginning or during the course of diabetes were related to higher mortality. Type of diabetes treatment or having a diagnosis of hypertension was not related to mortality. In multiple logistic regression analyses, age at diagnosis and average FBG were independently related to all-cause (P = 0.0002), cardiovascular (P = 0.0006), and ischemic heart disease mortality (P = 0.03). No correlations between glycemic control and noncardiovascular deaths were found. In a Cox's regression analysis, average FBG was significantly related to length of survival when age at diabetes diagnosis was taken into account (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Diabetic subjects with average FBG ≥ 7.8 mmol/l had 50% higher mortality compared with diabetic subjects with average FBG &amp;lt; 7.8 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients with good long-term glycemic control had a better survival rate than subjects with high average FBG values. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because possible confounding factors such as dyslipoproteinemia and smoking were not studied.
Role of Cytokeratin Intermediate Filaments in Transhepatic Transport and Canalicular Secretion
Authors: Hiromu Kawahara, Monique Cadrin, George Perry, Lucila Autilio-Gambetti, Sabine H.H. Swierenga, Janis Metuzals, Normand Marceau, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The role of cytokeratin filaments in the function of hepatocytes was investigated using a nickel-treated hepatocyte in vitro model. Cytokeratin intermediate filaments were selectively dissociated from the cell cortex by nickel treatment. Cytokeratins and ubiquitin were observed using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Hepatocytic function was assessed by visualizing uptake, transhepatic transport and secretion of fluorescein diacetate and horseradish peroxidase into the bile canaliculi. In control primary cultures, most of the bile canaliculi were surrounded by an inner layer of actin filaments and an outer pericanalicular sheath of cytokeratin filaments and microtubules. The cytoplasmic distribution of ubiquitin was diffuse and particulate. After treatment with NiCl2 (150 micrograms/ml) for 24 hr, the cytokeratin filaments and desmoplakin became focally detached from the cell cortex and retracted to form an aggregate around the nucleus. These aggregates were associated with intense ubiquitin immunoreactivity. Only a few attachments of the cytokeratin filaments to the cell cortex remained. F-actin remained attached to the cell cortex in the areas where the cytokeratin filaments had become detached. The pericanalicular sheath of cytokeratin filaments and the bile canaliculi disappeared and actin was dispersed over the entire cell periphery. Fluorescein diacetate secretion and horseradish peroxidase uptake were almost completely absent in the hepatocytes treated with nickel. The effects of nickel persisted 24 hr after its removal from the medium. It is concluded that cytokeratin intermediate filaments play a critical role in the formation of the bile canaliculus, secretion of fluorescein diacetate and uptake of horseradish peroxidase. Further, our study indicates that cytokeratin ubiquitination occurs during collapse and aggregation of the cytokeratin filaments. The formation of cytokeratin-ubiquitin conjugates during aggregation suggests a role of ubiquitin in the control of cytokeratin organization in hepatocytes in the response to cell stress.
Legal claims in Scottish National Health Service Dermatology Departments 1989-2001
Authors: A. Drummond, D. Kane, D. Bilsland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

An area of current National Health Service (NHS) interest is risk management as it is one of the requirements of clinical governance. If there are aspects of dermatological practice prone to mishap or dispute then a review of legal claims in dermatology may highlight these areas. This would then allow input into these specific areas of practice to try and minimize future risk.To review all legal claims relating to NHS Dermatology in Scotland and characterize the main areas of risk.Staff at the Central Legal Office in Edinburgh reviewed all legal claims in NHS Dermatology between 1989 and 2001. Details provided were general, and claimants, staff, hospitals and regions of Scotland could not be identified.Thirty claims were identified relating to five main areas of dermatological practice: (i) phototherapy (eight claims); (ii) therapeutics (eight); (iii) cryosurgery/cryotherapy (six); (iv) surgery (four); and (v) misdiagnosis (three) and one alleged neurological problem after fainting. As well as consultants, nurses featured in phototherapy claims and junior medical staff in cryosurgery claims. Twelve of the 30 (40%) claims have reached settlement; three claims are presently outstanding.Given the numbers of patients seen annually at Scottish NHS Hospital Dermatology units the absolute number of claims is low. Five main areas within dermatology were highlighted as at risk of litigation and this has implications for all U.K. dermatology departments with regard to funding, staff training and patient information and consent.
Abstract 3471: Reciprocal roles of cytochromes P4501A1 and 1A2 in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-mediated tumorigenesis in mice: Implications for lung cancer in humans
Authors: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Lihua Wang, Weiwu Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Humans are constantly exposed to environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through cigarette smoke, diesel exhausts, charcoal-broiled meats, etc. Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes play important roles in the activation of PAHs such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) to carcinogenic DNA-binding metabolites. The resulting DNA adducts may lead to mutations of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, thereby leading to tumorigenesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CYP1A1 and 1A2 have reciprocal roles in PAH-mediated tumorigenesis. Eight week-old female wild type (WT) (A/J) mice or mice lacking the gene for CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 on the A/J background were treated with a single dose of MC (40 µmol/kg), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), or vehicle (corn oil), and liver and lung tumors were studied after 28 weeks. While 100% of WT or Cyp1a2-null mice exposed to MC showed lung tumors after 28 weeks, about 80% of the Cyp1a1-null mice showed lung tumors. However, there were striking differences in the Cyp1a1-null and Cyp1a2-null in regard to lung tumor multiplicities and sizes of tumors. The WT mice treated with MC had about 15 lung tumors/animal. On the other hand, the Cyp1a2-null mice displayed about 40 lung tumors/animal, while the Cyp1a1-null mice showed about 2-3 tumors/mouse. Also, the tumor sizes were much larger in the Cyp1a2-null mice, compared to the much smaller sizes in the Cyp1a1-null mice. Although BP was less potent in inducing lung tumors in the WT mice compared to MC, it was similar to MC In that tumors were suppressed in the Cyp1a1-null mice and augmented in the Cyp1a2-null mice. Immunohistochemical studies showed that CYP1A1 was overexpressed in the tumorous portions of the lung in the Cyp1a2-null or WT mice, compared to non-tumorous regions, These results suggest that CYP1A1 contributes to the formation of tumorigenesis by PAHs, while CYP1A2 plays an important role in the protection against carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, presumably through it role in PAH detoxification. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that CYP1A1 and 1A2 could be novel candidates for cancer prevention and therapy though either inhibition of CYP1A1 or induction of CYP1A2. Thus, CYP1a1-null and Cyp1a2-null mice could be developed as novel animal models for future cancer prevention and/or therapeutic intervention in humans exposed to environmental PAHs. (Supported by NIH grant ES009132.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3471.
Underdiagnosis of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Matthew L. Hansen, Paul W. Gunn, David C. Kaelber
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Pediatric hypertension is increasing in prevalence with the pediatric obesity epidemic. Diagnosis of hypertension in children is complicated because normal and abnormal blood pressure values vary with age, sex, and height and are therefore difficult to remember.To determine the frequency of undiagnosed hypertension and prehypertension and to identify patient factors associated with this underdiagnosis.A cohort study of 14,187 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years who were observed at least 3 times for well-child care between June 1999 and September 2006 in the outpatient clinics in a large academic urban medical system in northeast Ohio. For children and adolescents who met criteria for hypertension or prehypertension at 3 or more well-child care visits, the proportion with a hypertension-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code in the diagnoses list, problem list, or past medical history list of any visit was determined.Proportion of children and adolescents with 3 or more elevated age-adjusted and height-adjusted blood pressure measurements at well-child care visits and with a diagnosis of hypertension or prehypertension documented in the electronic medical record. Multivariate logistic regression identified patient factors associated with a correct diagnosis.Of 507 children and adolescents (3.6%) who had hypertension, 131 (26%) had a diagnosis of hypertension or elevated blood pressure documented in the electronic medical record. Patient factors that increased the adjusted odds of a correct diagnosis were a 1-year increase in age over age 3 (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.16), number of elevated blood pressure readings beyond 3 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21-2.57), increase of 1% in height-for-age percentile (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), having an obesity-related diagnosis (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.49-4.55), and number of blood pressure readings in the stage 2 hypertension range (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29-2.19). Of 485 children and adolescents (3.4%) who had prehypertension, 55 (11%) had an appropriate diagnosis documented in the electronic medical record. Patient factors that increased the adjusted odds of being diagnosed with prehypertension included a 1-year increase in age over age 3 (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.34) and number of elevated blood pressure readings beyond 3 (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 2.20-4.28).Hypertension and prehypertension were frequently undiagnosed in this pediatric population. Patient age, height, obesity-related diagnoses, and magnitude and frequency of abnormal blood pressure readings all increased the odds of diagnosis.
Impact of Diabetes on Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Alessandra Dei Cas, Sadiya S. Khan, Javed Butler, Robert J. Mentz, Robert O. Bonow, Angelo Avogaro, Diethelm Tschoepe, Wolfram Doehner, Stephen J. Greene, Michele Senni, Mihai Gheorghiade, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
P89 Ambulatory oxygen assessments in COPD and pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: K. Heslop, C. Stenton, C. Irving
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Between 2006 and 2011, 161 patients were referred for formal ambulatory oxygen assessment at the Newcastle RVI. Their results have been reviewed. <h3>Method</h3> The assessments comprised three 6-min walk tests (6MWT) supervised by a trained healthcare professional as per BTS guidelines (2006). Test 1: On room air (RA) Test 2: On room air with the oxygen supply switched off Test 3: On oxygen 4 l/min via nasal cannulae Minimum SpO<sub>2</sub> during exercise, distance walked and oxygen flow rate required to maintain SpO<sub>2</sub> above 90% were recorded together with the respiratory diagnosis and basic demographic details. <h3>Results</h3> 18 patients were excluded as they did not de saturate on walk 1 or were unable to complete the 6MWT. 143 patients9 results were analysed. 82 were male with 61 female. The two commonest clinical diagnoses were Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and COPD. IPF patients walked on average 70 m (31%) further than COPD patients on room air. They had the greatest increase in oxygen saturation when exercising on supplemental oxygen (12%) but had the lowest improvement in walking distance (7.3%). There was no relationship between improvement in walk test distance and improvement in oxygenation in any of the subgroups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Further studies may be needed to explore the relative benefits of ambulatory oxygen in non-COPD patients.
Abstract 1922: 2-Aminothiazoles as potent and selective PI3Kalpha inhibitors: Discovery of NVP-BYL719 and structural basis for the isoform selectivity
Authors: Giorgio Caravatti, Vito Guagnano, Robin Fairhurst, Patricia Imbach, Ian Bruce, Mark Knapp, Pascal Furet, Christine Fritsch, Alain De Pover, Francesca Blasco, Joachim Blanz, Frank H. Seiler, Doriano Fabbro, Marc Lang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PI3Ks are lipid kinases that control signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, motility, cell death and cell invasion. Class I PI3K contains four isoforms, p110α, p110α, p110α and p110α which carry out non redundant signaling functions. The ≤ and ≤ isoforms are ubiquitously expressed, whereas the ≤ and ≤ isoforms are expressed primarily in lymphocytes and engaged in the regulation of immune responses. A gain of function in PI3K signaling is common to many types of human cancer, specifically mutations in PIK3CA which are found in more than 30% of various solid tumor types, including, breast, endometrium, bladder, colorectal cancers as well as lung cancers. As these mutations constitutively activate the lipid kinase activity of the protein, the cancer-specific mutants of p110α appear to be ideal therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development. p110α isoform specific low molecular weight inhibitors could be efficacious against tumors harboring p110alpha mutations and provide an improved safety profile compared to current pan-PI3K modulators. The 2-aminothiazole scaffold proved to be an excellent starting point for the development of potent PI3K inhibitors. Depending on the substitution pattern good PI3Kalpha selectivity can be achieved. Systematic modification of key residues and further optimization of the drug-like and PK properties have led to the identification of NVP-BYL719, a potent and selective PI3Kalpha inhibitor with a promising biological activity. SAR leading to the discovery of NVP-BYL719 and the structural basis for the PI3Kalpha selectivity will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1922. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1922
A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice: Toward a Philosophy and Ethic of the Healing Professions
Authors: William Regelson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The rapid technological, social, and economic changes in medical practice require that we know our goals and responsibilities. To confront the ongoing public debates regarding the judicial and legislative controls of medical care, bureaucratization, malpractice, increased medical costs, and other problems necessitates a concern for a philosophy and ethics of medicine. The authors of this book write, "A philosophy of medicine is needed to form an integrating principle for its splintering specialities, to offer a rational, scientific explanation of its methods; and to discover the relationship between Eastern and Western medical systems... to help clarify medicine's goals in relationship to those of a technological civilization." The scope of the book includes both historical and practical discussions of medicine and methods of philosophy. It gives us both a definition and a critique of medicine and provides an excellent discussion of what is required for the development of clinical judgment as the
Medical Leadership — Prescription for Health
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE medical profession has long been recognized as one in which individualism may flourish. On the other hand, since the advent of the National Health Service there has been a constant tendency for an independent medical profession to be transformed into a service offering little place for the individual point of view. It is for this reason that strong medical leadership is essential today. Unfortunately, it is the very fact that individualism is such a strong characteristic of physicians that makes the profession so vulnerable to outside control because it is difficult to obtain a universally acceptable and representative leadership. . . .
Should Reimbursement Be Denied for Liver Transplantation in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: J. Wallis Marsh
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —On July 15, 1996, the US Department of Health and Human Services expanded financial coverage of liver transplantation to all end-stage liver disease diagnoses except for hepatitis B or malignancies. 1 Since the most common malignancy for which financial coverage of liver transplantation is offered is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we reviewed our experience with patients receiving transplants in the presence of HCC to determine if this refusal of financial coverage for all patients with HCC is justifiable.  Patients who received their first or subsequent liver transplant between January 1, 1981, and June 30, 1995, were eligible for inclusion in this study. In keeping with current Medicare guidelines, patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive as well as those whose HBsAg status was unknown were excluded, as were patients with any malignancy other than HCC. From the remaining patients, the 6 most common nonmalignant, HBsAg-negative diagnosis groups were selected
983 LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCES PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKIN-8 IN HUMAN HEPATOCYTES VIA ACTIVATION OF JNK - A POTENTIAL STEP IN THE PROGRESSION TO NASH
Authors: H. Wobser, C. Dorn, T. Weiss, J. Schoelmerich, C. Hellerbrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Skin collagen content
Authors: Sam Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Skin collagen content Get access Sam Shuster Sam Shuster Department of Dermatology, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 6, 1 June 1983, Pages 737–738, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb01094.x Published: 01 June 1983
Pharmacogenetic predictors of severe peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy: a GEMCAD group study
Authors: A. Custodio, J. Moreno-Rubio, J. Aparicio, J. Gallego-Plazas, R. Yaya, J. Maurel, O. Higuera, E. Burgos, D. Ramos, A. Calatrava, E. Andrada, R. López, V. Moreno, R. Madero, P. Cejas, J. Feliu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
RESECTION OF INTESTINE FOR ACUTE INTUSSUSCEPTION: TWO CASES OF RECOVERY
Authors: A. H. Southam, C. H. Crawshaw
Journal: BMJ (1921)

IRESECTION OF INTESTINE FOR INTUSUTSCEPTIORt)fMEDICALJOUBNAZ have supposed, the piles will be sufficiently shrunken and dried .andpainless by the morning for the daily pad to be dispensed with, unless the misfortune.alluded to occurs.
The BMJ as recreational reading
Authors: S. Goodacre
Journal: BMJ (2002)

My partners in the practice think it rather odd when I tell them I take a bundle of unread BMJ s from the preceding three months on holiday with me, for recreational reading. Relax, they say, get away from medicine for a while. But they are wrong. Apart from the benefit that, when read, I can discard them, giving me extra room in the case for packing books to take home, I do find reading several BMJ s in rapid sequence very relaxing.

Looking back to childhood, I remember my elder brother returning from boarding school and sitting himself happily in an armchair with a pile of copies of the Eagle …
Role of Cardiac β <sub>2</sub> -Receptors in Cardiac Responses to Exercise in Cardiac Transplant Patients
Authors: Frans H.H. Leenen, Ross A. Davies, Anne Fourney
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background In healthy human hearts, β 2 -receptor–mediated chronotropic and inotropic responses contribute to the cardiac responses to β-agonists. A (patho)physiological relevance for β 2 -receptor–mediated responses has so far not been demonstrated, in part because β 1 -receptor–mediated responses to cardiac neuronally released norepinephrine can mask β 2 -receptor–mediated responses. Methods and Results In the present study, we evaluated the blood pressure and heart rate responses to bicycle exercise in cardiac transplant patients (n=7) compared with patients with essential hypertension (n=8) on placebo and two doses of the β 1 -selective β-blocker atenolol (25 and 50 mg/d) and the nonselective β-blocker nadolol (20 and 40 mg/d), each dose for 1 week using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Exercise was performed 3 hours after dosing, using a stepwise increase in load until exhaustion. Exercise performance was less in the transplant patients and significantly further (25%) decreased by nadolol. Exercise caused equivalent increases in plasma norepinephrine in the two groups, but more marked increases in plasma epinephrine in the transplant patients despite less exercise. In the essential hypertension patients, systolic blood pressure increased by 80 mm Hg on placebo and 60 mm Hg on either blocker. The increase in heart rate (by about 75 beats per minute) was inhibited by 10% and 20% by the lower and higher doses, respectively, similar for the two blockers. In contrast, in the transplant patients, systolic blood pressure increased by 60 mm Hg on placebo, but this increase was totally blocked by either blocker. The heart rate increase (by 50 beats per minute on placebo) was blunted (dose related) by either blocker but 50% more by nadolol versus atenolol. Conclusions The present study shows that cardiac β 2 -receptors contribute to a clear extent to the heart rate responses to endogenous circulating catecholamines in the absence of cardiac neuronally released norepinephrine. Nonselective β-blockade probably is less well tolerated in cardiac transplant patients compared with β 1 -selective blockade.
Dangers of Treatment of Status Epilepticus with Diazepam
Authors: D. S. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The results of treatment of 25 patients admitted from psychiatric institutions indicate that diazepam is the drug of first choice in the treatment of status epilepticus. The dangers of treatment appeared to result from combined use with other drugs. Respiratory depression occurred in one patient and hypotension in five patients, all of whom had been given intramuscular phenobarbitone in addition to intravenous diazepam. The two serious cases of hypotension had also been given parenteral paraldehyde.