tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Involvement of integrin alpha V gene expression in human melanoma tumorigenicity.
Authors: B Felding-Habermann, B M Mueller, C A Romerdahl, D A Cheresh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Human melanoma originates in the skin and can lead to wide-spread metastatic disease. Analysis of melanoma biopsy material has shown that the vitronectin receptor, integrin alpha v beta 3, is a specific marker of the most malignant cells, i.e., vertically invasive primary lesions or distant metastases (Albelda, S. M., S. A. Mette, D. E. Elder, R. Stewart, L. Damjanovich, M. Herlyn, and C. A. Buck. 1990. Cancer Res. 50:6757-6764), suggesting a role for this adhesion receptor in the malignant growth of human melanoma tumors. A cell model was established to analyze the role of alpha v integrins on the tumorigenicity of human melanoma. From M21 human melanoma cells, stable variants were selected that lack alpha v gene expression and thus fail to express integrin alpha v beta 3 (M21-L cells). These cells not only lost the ability to attach to vitronectin but showed a dramatic reduction in tumorigenicity when transplanted into athymic nude mice, compared with M21 cells, even though both cell types showed identical beta 1 integrin expression and growth properties in vitro. M21-L cells were stably transfected with a cDNA-encoding alpha v. This resulted in the functional expression of integrin alpha v beta 3 on these cells and completely restored their tumorigenicity. Thus, integrin alpha v gene expression and the resulting adhesive phenotype are directly involved in the proliferation of human melanoma in vivo.
Acute Amphetamine Poisoning
Authors: R. Greenwood, R. S. Peachey
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Amphetamine (benzedrine) and its derivatives, am phetamine sulphate, dexamphetamine sulphate ( dex edrine), methylamphetamine, and methylamphetamine hydrochloride ( methedrine ) are widely prescribed for a number of ills, and their stimulating effect on the central nervous system is becoming well known to the general public. Although the sale of oral and parenteral preparations is controlled under schedule 4, inhalers con taining 325 and 330 mg. of  base or 250 mg. of methylamphetamine can still be bought without restriction for unauthorized use.* In spite of this ready supply only eight cases of acute  with amphet amine or its compounds have been described in this country. All these drugs appear to have similar effects when taken in excess, and the term amphetamine poisoning in this account refers to the clinical picture which can be produced by overdosage with any of the group. The purpose of this paper is to report three further examples of acute  poisoning. The case reports illustrate the difficulties which may arise when such patients are admitted to the wards of general hos pitals, the necessity for adequate sedation in treatment, and the danger of excessive or improper use of a  benzedrine inhaler.
New law is needed to clarify right to be treated in another European country, Lords committee says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An influential House of Lords committee has given its backing to moves by the European Commission to make it easier for patients to travel for treatment in another EU country.

However, given the many political, financial, and medical sensitivities involved, its report recommends that any future legislation be reviewed after three years.

The right of patients to travel to another EU country and receive health care as if they were being treated in their own country has been recognised by the European Court of Justice in a series of …
Diagnosis of Pertussis by the Fluorescent-Antibody Method
Authors: Jo Anne Whitaker, Paul Donaldson, John D. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A PREVIOUS report1 on the identification of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs by the fluorescent-antibody technic demonstrated the practicability of this method for rapid and precise diagnosis in 65 patients with pertussis. This report presents our experience with this test in a larger number of patients.Materials and MethodsAntiserum against B. pertussis was produced in rabbits and the globulin fraction conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate by the method previously outlined1 and tested for specificity of staining with stock cultures of pertussis, staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Cross-staining of staphylococci was eliminated by absorption of the antiserum with suspensions . . .
Endovascular therapy reduces disability from stroke, studies confirm
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Endovascular therapy using minimally invasive procedures to remove blood clots from occluded brain vessels within the first few hours of ischaemic stroke significantly reduces disability when compared with medical therapy, two studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine have shown.1 2

The first study randomised 196 patients to endovascular thrombectomy using a stent retriever within six hours of symptom onset in addition to intravenous alteplase, or to alteplase alone. All patients had acute ischaemic stroke with occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery or the first segment of the middle cerebral artery, or both, on …
Control malaria to help defeat poverty, says WHO
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In a report by the WHO, interventions against malaria could help alleviate poverty in countries where the disease is rife, and aid in boosting economic growth. The WHO calls on the international community, private foundations, and international agencies to commit funds for malaria interventions and research. This call was made since malaria has long term effects on trade, tourism, foreign investment, and commerce. Moreover, repeated bouts of malaria add to costs through malnutrition and death among children and time off work among adults. In this light, WHO further suggests the setting up of a malaria vaccine and purchase fund to spur pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies into developing a vaccine. Furthermore, new therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic tools need to be developed, particularly drugs, insecticides and dipstick tests.
Risk Stratification, Systematic Classification, and Anticipatory Management Strategies for Stent Fracture After Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation
Authors: Johannes Nordmeyer, Sachin Khambadkone, Louise Coats, Silvia Schievano, Philipp Lurz, Giovanni Parenzan, Andrew M. Taylor, James E. Lock, Philipp Bonhoeffer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We analyzed the incidence, risk factors and treatment options for stent fracture after percutaneous pulmonary valve (PPV) implantation (PPVI).After PPVI, 123 patients had chest x-ray in anteroposterior and lateral projection, echocardiography, and clinical evaluation during structured follow-up. Of these 123 patients, 26 (21.1%) developed stent fracture 0 to 843 days after PPVI (stent fracture-free survival at 1 year, 85.1%; at 2 years, 74.5%; and at 3 years, 69.2%). Stent fracture was classified as type I: no loss of stent integrity (n=17); type II: loss of integrity with restenosis on echocardiography (n=8); and type III: separation of fragments or embolization (n=1). In a multivariate Cox regression, we analyzed various factors, of which 3 were associated with a higher risk of stent fracture: implantation into "native" right ventricular outflow tract (P=0.04), no calcification along the right ventricular outflow tract (judged with fluoroscopy, P=0.02), recoil of PPV (qualitatively, PPV diameter in frontal or lateral plane with fully inflated balloon > diameter after balloon deflation, P=0.03). Substernal PPV location, high-pressure post-PPVI dilatation of PPV, pre-PPVI right ventricular outflow tract gradients, and other indicators of PPV compression or asymmetry did not pose increased risk. Patients with type I fracture remain under follow-up. Patients with type II fracture had 2nd PPVI or are awaiting such procedure, and 1 patient with type III fracture required surgical explantation.Stent fracture after PPVI can be managed effectively by risk stratification, systematic classification, and anticipatory management strategies. Serial x-ray and echocardiography are recommended for surveillance.
Bortezomib (PS-341) in Relapsed or Refractory Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group Phase II Trial (S0327)
Authors: Primo N. Lara, Kari Chansky, Angela M. Davies, Wilbur A. Franklin, Paul H. Gumerlock, Perry P. Guaglianone, James N. Atkins, Nichole Farneth, Philip C. Mack, John J. Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Surgery and Supervoltage Therapy in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: David P. Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This review of the results of surgery and high voltage x-ray therapy in carcinoma of the lung is based on a total experience with 628 patients of whom 219 were given 2 million volt x-ray treatments. The following convictions have been reached: When surgery can be applied, it is the best treatment currently available for bronchogenic carcinoma; for localized disease, lobectomy is as effective as pneumonectomy if all the pathologic tissue can be removed; 2 million volt x-ray therapy has been disappointing for both palliation and cure. This experience shows that x-ray therapy can eradicate carcinoma of the lung under certain circumstances, but most treated patients die of disseminated disease. Those patients who have had symptoms for a longer than the average pretreatment period should be treated aggressively by surgery and 2 mev. x-ray therapy.
Multiple Mechanisms Switch an Electrically Coupled, Synaptically Inhibited Neuron between Competing Rhythmic Oscillators
Authors: Gabrielle J. Gutierrez, Timothy O’Leary, Eve Marder
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Rhythmic oscillations are common features of nervous systems. One of the fundamental questions posed by these rhythms is how individual neurons or groups of neurons are recruited into different network oscillations. We modeled competing fast and slow oscillators connected to a hub neuron with electrical and inhibitory synapses. We explore the patterns of coordination shown in the network as a function of the electrical coupling and inhibitory synapse strengths with the help of a novel visualization method that we call the "parameterscape." The hub neuron can be switched between the fast and slow oscillators by multiple network mechanisms, indicating that a given change in network state can be achieved by degenerate cellular mechanisms. These results have importance for interpreting experiments employing optogenetic, genetic, and pharmacological manipulations to understand circuit dynamics.
Critical illness evokes elevated circulating bile acids related to altered hepatic transporter and nuclear receptor expression
Authors: Yoo-Mee Vanwijngaerden, Joost Wauters, Lies Langouche, Sarah Vander Perre, Christopher Liddle, Sally Coulter, Sara Vanderborght, Tania Roskams, Alexander Wilmer, Greet Van den Berghe, Dieter Mesotten
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hyperbilirubinemia is common during critical illness and is associated with adverse outcome. Whether hyperbilirubinemia reflects intensive care unit (ICU) cholestasis is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze hyperbilirubinemia in conjunction with serum bile acids (BAs) and the key steps in BA synthesis, transport, and regulation by nuclear receptors (NRs). Serum BA and bilirubin levels were determined in 130 ICU and 20 control patients. In liver biopsies messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of BA synthesis enzymes, BA transporters, and NRs was assessed. In a subset (40 ICU / 10 controls) immunohistochemical staining of the transporters and receptors together with a histological evaluation of cholestasis was performed. BA levels were much more elevated than bilirubin in ICU patients. Conjugated cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were elevated, with an increased CA/CDCA ratio. Unconjugated BA did not differ between controls and patients. Despite elevated serum BA levels, CYP7A1 protein, the rate-limiting enzyme in BA synthesis, was not lowered in ICU patients. Also, protein expression of the apical bile salt export pump (BSEP) was decreased, whereas multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 3 was strongly increased at the basolateral side. This reversal of BA transport toward the sinusoidal blood compartment is in line with the increased serum conjugated BA levels. Immunostaining showed marked down-regulation of nuclear farnesoid X receptor, retinoid X receptor alpha, constitutive androstane receptor, and pregnane X receptor nuclear protein levels.Failure to inhibit BA synthesis, up-regulate canalicular BA export, and localize pivotal NR in the hepatocytic nuclei may indicate dysfunctional feedback regulation by increased BA levels. Alternatively, critical illness may result in maintained BA synthesis (CYP7A1), reversal of normal BA transport (BSEP/MRP3), and inhibition of the BA sensor (FXR/RXRα) to increase serum BA levels.
A Time for Study and the Need for Change
Authors: Russell S. Hoxsie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract The rapidly increasing volume of work for the individual physician is placing inordinate demands on his time and energy. Increasing the practitioner's facility in handling competently and comfortably a much greater patient load is a critical need. The need for the community practitioner to relate to a medical center for intellectual stimulation, training and advanced technical knowledge should be met. Subsidization of the community practitioner during the period of practice, study and experimentation with new methods of delivering care would encourage change. A more efficient and satisfying method of delivery of medical care on the community level may entice younger doctors into the field.
White couple can keep mixed race twins after IVF blunder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Stringent checks to prevent errors have been made mandatory in all in vitro fertilisation (IVF) centres in the United Kingdom after use of the wrong sperm led to the birth of mixed race twins to a white couple. The High Court revealed this week that the blunder happened at the assisted conception unit at Leeds General Infirmary. The unit was …
Scope of EPOC is clarified
Authors: L. M McAuley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Hepatitis-B surface antigen was found in 58% of 64 patients with cirrhosis in Iraq using counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and three commercial haemagglutination tests--Auscell (Abbott Laboratories), Hepatest (Wellcome Reagents Ltd.), and Hepanosticon (Organon Teknika). CIE detected about half as many positives as the other methods; RIA was the most sensitive. The number of positive reactions was much higher than in any previously reported series of patients with cirrhosis and seven times higher than in a normal hospital control population.
Letter Regarding Article by Koller et al, “Altered Dynamics of Action Potential Restitution and Alternans in Humans With Structural Heart Disease”
Authors: Arthur M. Yue
Journal: Circulation (2006)

In their recent publication, Koller and colleagues 1 found that the dynamic pacing protocol yielded significant differences in restitution kinetics between patients with and patients without structural heart disease, but no significant difference was observed using the S 2 pacing protocol.The authors speculated that the dynamic protocol may improve the predictive value of electrophysiological testing for ventricular fibrillation (VF) (p1546).However, their dynamic pacing cycle length was not shortened to Ͻ250 ms for ethical reasons, and repolarization data were obtained from a single ventricular pacing site.Thus, the kinetics of dynamic restitution remained undetermined at diastolic intervals between 0 and approximately 50 ms, as well as at other ventricular sites.In another study in which dynamic pacing cycle length was reduced to 200 ms, a good correlation between dynamic and S 2 restitution characteristics at 2 ventricular sites was found. 2 If the current hypothesis of VF 3 were to be tested in the human ventricle, the pacing technique should allow restitution kinetics measurement at very short diastolic intervals where conduction velocity restitution may also be engaged.The S 2 protocol could allow determination of electrical restitution at short diastolic intervals in vivo without the risk of inducing recurrent VF.In this regard, the study of restitution characteristics with the use of the S 2 protocol combined with 3-dimensional ventricular mapping 4,5 may have a role in advancing the understanding of VF mechanisms in humans.
Telmisartan downregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptor through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
Authors: I IMAYAMA, T ICHIKI, K INANAGA, H OHTSUBO, K FUKUYAMA, H ONO, Y HASHIGUCHI, K SUNAGAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist, was found to have a unique property: it is a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Since previous studies have demonstrated that PPARgamma activators suppressed AT1R expression, we examined whether telmisartan affects AT1R expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.Vascular smooth muscle cells were derived from the thoracic aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rat. Northern and Western blotting analysis were used to examine AT1R mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The DEAE-dextran method was used for transfection, and the promoter activity of AT1R was examined by luciferase assay.Telmisartan decreased the expression of AT1R at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Decreased AT1R promoter activity with unchanged mRNA stability suggested that telmisartan suppressed AT1R gene expression at the transcriptional level. However, the expression of AT1R was not suppressed by other AT1R antagonists such as candesartan or olmesartan. Since the suppression of AT1R expression was prevented by pretreatment with GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist, PPARgamma should have participated in the process. The deletion and mutation analysis of the AT1R gene promoter indicated that a GC box located in the proximal promoter region is responsible for the telmisartan-induced downregulation.Our data provides a novel insight into an effect of telmisartan: telmisartan inhibits AT1R gene expression through PPARgamma activation. The dual inhibition of angiotensin II function by telmisartan - AT1R blockade and downregulation - would contribute to more complete inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system.
Stimulation of Rh Antibodies in An Rh-Negative Patient with Hemophila
Authors: Morten Grove-Rasmussen, Robert S. Shaw, Nina Dreisler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE use of plasma units obtained from a single unit of whole blood is becoming more and more common for two reasons. An increasing number of hospitals prefer to use unpooled plasma because the problem of contamination of plasma pools with the virus of serum hepatitis has not yet been satisfactorily dealt with. Secondly, the 125 to 250 cc. of fresh frozen plasma given to control the clotting defect in hemophilia is most conveniently obtained from a single unit of whole blood.This increase in the use of single-donor plasma brings up the question of the importance of matching the . . .
The Role of Transrectal Ultrasound In the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: F. Lee, S. T. Torp-Pedersen, D. B. Siders
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1989)

Transrectal ultrasound allows tissue characterization of normal and abnormal internal anatomy of the prostate and therefore provides valuable information for the study of prostate cancer. In an early-detection program setting, the hypoechoic lesion proved to be twice as sensitive as a palpable abnormality in predicting the presence of cancer; for every two cancers detected by transrectal ultrasound, one was detected by digital rectal examination. When the presence of a hypoechoic lesion was the criterion for biopsy in a clinical setting, 41 percent proved to be cancer. Sixty-eight percent of these cancers were palpable; thus, for every four cancers detected by transrectal ultrasound, three were detected by digital rectal examination. Hence, in our diagnostic settings, transrectal ultrasound is more sensitive than digital rectal examination. Because transrectal ultrasound can measure tumor size and offer information regarding tumor spread, we recommend that transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy be performed first on all palpable lesions. Up to 50 percent of negative biopsies guided by palpation have subsequently proved to be cancer with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. If transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of a palpable lesion does not reveal cancer, however, a biopsy guided by palpation should be performed. Strategic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for staging should be performed to obtain tissue from areas where microscopic extracapsular tumor extension is likely to be present. Based on presently available evidence, broader implementation and evaluation of transrectal ultrasound, a tool to be complemented by digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen, is advocated for the early detection of prostate cancer. It is hoped that the use of transrectal ultrasound will lead to increased survival, with good quality of life, in a cost-effective manner, for men at increasing risk from prostate cancer in the aging national population.
Patients' perception of their asthma. Accuracy of perception still unclear.
Authors: P White, A Atherton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Finding out about asthma EDITOR, Peter J Barnes's review of what we still need to find out about asthma was limited in its scope.'There are many other vital questions to which we need the answers.For example, how effective are the treatments currently used, and how can we evaluate them routinely?How should we measure outcome?How can we ensure that patients know all they need to know about asthma?What are the best ways of sharing care between general practice and hospital?What are the relative costs and benefits of the many curative and preventive (for example, dust control) measures?Is it worth screening for asthma, and if so how should we do it?Why does the treatment of asthma vary so much among doctors, centres, regions, and
Impact of age on antigen-specific T lymphocyte response in patients treated with PSA-TRICOM
Authors: Harpreet Singh, Ravi Madan, Jennifer Marte, Geraldine O'Sullivan-Coyne, Seth Steinberg, Christopher Heery, Jeffrey Schlom, James Gulley
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts PSA-TRICOM is a vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccine designed to generate a targeted anti-tumor immune response against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-expressing tumor cells. Early clinical trials have evaluated the impact of this vaccine on the immune system and demonstrated
Laparoscopy in Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: M. Keirse, R. Vandervellen
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

A retrospective study was made of 60 consecutive cases of laparoscopy performed for chronic lower abdominal and back pain exclusive of dysmenorrhea.  Laparascopy was performed only after a thorough clinical examination was not conclusive.  In 18 patients laparoscopy was used to exclude organic pathology and it achieved this result in 17 cases.  Organic pathology was suspected in 42 cases and the diagnosis was confirmed in 31 cases.  Endometriosis was the most common diagnosis but in 11 of these cases no organic pathology could be found.  Laparascopy was found to be a very useful diagnostic tool that occasionally proved to be psychotherapeutic in itself and was unattended by the emotional overlay that accompanies most operative procedures.  It is a safe procedure with a minimal degree of discomfort and a short immobilization period.