tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Transmission of Ciguatera Toxicity: Another First Isn't
Authors: Andrew E. B. Swift, Thomas R. Swift
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Blythe and de Sylva<sup>1</sup>are erroneous in their belief that they are reporting the first case "of a breastfed infant having a clinical syndrome compatible with ciguatera toxicity." We noted in preparing a recent review of the subject<sup>2</sup>that affected mothers have been reported to transmit the illness through breast milk.<sup>3</sup>Furthermore, it appears that the disease may also be transmitted through semen, producing painful ejaculation in the man and dyspareunia in the woman.<sup>4</sup>
Recombinant allergens promote expression of CD203c on basophils in sensitized individuals
Authors: Alexander W. Hauswirth, Susanne Natter, Minoo Ghannadan, Yasamin Majlesi, Gerit-Holger Schernthaner, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Hans-Jörg Bühring, Rudolf Valenta, Peter Valent
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Physical fitness is a major determinant of femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density.
Authors: N A Pocock, J A Eisman, M G Yeates, P N Sambrook, S Eberl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The relationship between physical fitness and bone mass in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and forearm was studied in 84 normal women. Femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density and forearm bone mineral content were estimated by absorptiometry. Fitness was quantitated from predicted maximal oxygen uptake. Femoral neck and lumbar bone mineral density were significantly correlated with fitness as well as age and weight. In the 46 postmenopausal subjects, fitness was the only significant predictor of femoral neck bone mineral density, and both weight and fitness predicted the lumbar bone mineral density. These data represent the first demonstration of a correlation between physical fitness, and, by implication, habitual physical activity, and bone mass in the femoral neck; they also support the previous reported correlation between lumbar bone mass and physical activity. The data suggest that increased physical fitness may increase bone mass at the sites of clinically important fractures in osteoporosis.
Incidence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William B. Kannel, Robert D. Abbott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Of 708 myocardial infarctions among 5127 participants in the Framingham Study, more than 25 per cent were discovered only through the appearance of new diagnostic evidence during routine biennial electrocardiographic examinations. Of these unrecognized infarctions almost half were "silent," and the others caused atypical symptoms. The proportion of all infarcts that were unrecognized was higher in women and in older men. Such infarcts were uncommon in persons with angina. Unrecognized infarctions were as likely as recognized ones to cause death, heart failure, or strokes. Recurrent infarctions were more common in women with recognized than with unrecognized infarcts, but this difference was not present in men. Recurrent infarctions were more likely to be recognized than were first infarctions. We conclude that unrecognized infarctions are common and have as serious a prognosis as recognized infarctions.
The effect of IVX‐0142, a heparin‐derived hypersulfated disaccharide, on the allergic airway responses in asthma
Authors: M. Duong, D. Cockcroft, L.‐P. Boulet, T. Ahmed, H. Iverson, D. C. Atkinson, E. G. Stahl, R. Watson, B. Davis, J. Milot, G. M. Gauvreau, P. M. O’Byrne
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: IVX‐0142 is a heparin‐derived hypersulfated disaccharide devoid of anticoagulant activity while possessing anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory activity in preclinical studies. In a proof‐of‐concept study, the allergen inhalation challenge model was used to investigate the effect of IVX‐0142 in mild atopic asthma. Methods: Nineteen subjects, not on controller medications, were randomized to an evaluator‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. The effect of a single nebulized dose of IVX‐0142 (80 mg) or placebo administered 30 min prior to allergen inhalation was evaluated on the allergic airway responses, airway responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Results: When compared with placebo, 14 and 13 subjects experienced a relatively smaller maximum fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (maxFEV 1 %) for the early airway response (EAR) and late airway response (LAR) with IVX‐0142, respectively ( P &lt; 0.01). The degree of attenuation in the EAR [maxFEV 1 % (mean ± SE) 26.5 ± 2.8% vs placebo 31.0 ± 2.8%, P = 0.059] and LAR (15.6 ± 2.9% vs placebo 19.0 ± 2.9%, P = 0.24) with IVX‐0142, however, was small and did not reach statistical significance compared with placebo. Similarly, a trend in the attenuation of allergen‐induced increase in the absolute sputum cell counts was also observed. No difference in the allergen‐induced increase in airway hyper‐responsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide was noticed. Conclusions: The majority of mild atopic asthmatics demonstrated a reduction in the EAR and LAR to IVX‐0142. However, the treatment effect observed with a single prechallenge dose of IVX‐0142 was small and heterogeneous. The potential anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory effects using multiple higher doses need to be evaluated.
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TRANSCATHETER AORTO-PULMONARY SHUNT (TAPS) DEVICE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kenneth Guo, Giuseppe Martucci, Richard Leask, Ariane Marelli, Avi Shimony, David Langleben, Jonathan Afilalo, Judith Therrien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hypercalcemia in Cancer
Authors: JOHN HORTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 December 1970Hypercalcemia in CancerJOHN HORTON, M.B., CH.B., F.A.C.P., KENNETH B. OLSEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN HORTON, M.B., CH.B., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH B. OLSEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-6-1047 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Muggia and Heinemann, in their excellent article, "Hypercalcemia Associated with Neoplastic Disease,"Ann Intern Med73:281-290, 1970, state that sex hormone therapy of patients with breast cancer developing hypercalcemia should be discontinued until a normal serum calcium level has been established. We believe that this measure is not necessary and that sex hormones may even be started in the face of hypercalcemia (1). Adequate hydration has been an excellent prophylactic measure....Reference1. HORTONOLSON JK: Hypercalcemia associated with cancer of the breast and other organs, in Bone and Tooth, edited by BLACKWOOD HJJ. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1964, pp. 207-216 Google Scholar1. JESSIMAN A: Tumour autonomy in carcinoma of the breast: the problem of recognition of the hormone-stimulated tumour, in Endocrine Aspects of Breast Cancer, edited by CURRIE A. Edinburgh and London, E.S.S. Livingstone, Ltd., 1958, p. 77 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Oncology Department of Medicine The Albany Medical College of Union University Albany, N.Y. 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1970Volume 73, Issue 6Page: 1047-1048KeywordsBreast cancerCalciumHormonal therapyHypercalcemiaSex hormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Failure of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Children with Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: Vincent I. Ahonkhai, Sheldon H. Landesman, Senih M. Fikrig, Emily A. Schmalzer, Audrey K. Brown, Charles E. Cherubin, Gerald Schiffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

POLYVALENT pneumococcal vaccines have recently been used in infants,1 children2 and adults.3 They are safe, immunogenic and protective against pneumococcal disease in normal adults.3 However, all pneumococcal serotypes are not represented in the vaccines, and the patient's response to specific types may not always confer protection. Shortly after licensure, reports of vaccine failure appeared in the literature.4 5 6 7 We shall describe two children with sickle-cell anemia who contracted pneumococcal sepsis or meningitis (or both) after vaccination with 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Rahway, New Jersey). The failure of this vaccine to protect children with sickle-cell disease from pneumococcal . . .
Abstract B51: SOCS3 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes prostate tumor development
Authors: Hao Yu, Yudong Liu, Jessy Deshane, Etty (Tika) Benveniste, Hongwei Qin
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway, and have been implicated as functioning as tumor suppressors, particularly SOCS3. We have previously demonstrated that specific deletion of SOCS3 in myeloid cell leads to heightened activation of STAT3 and downstream STAT3 target gene expression. STAT3 activation has been strongly implicated in contributing to prostate cancer progression and metastasis. STAT3 signaling in myeloid cells has been demonstrated to attenuate anti-tumor immunity. Thus, we evaluated the impact of SOCS3 deletion in myeloid cells in a murine prostate tumor model. We demonstrate that prostate tumor growth is significantly enhanced in myeloid-specific SOCS3-deficient mice, which correlates with elevated levels of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in both the spleen and tumor microenvironment, and less CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumors. Furthermore, SOCS3-deficient bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells exhibit heightened STAT3 activation and are preferentially differentiate into MDSC phenotype. Importantly, we identify granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a critical factor secreted by the prostate tumor microenvironment that promotes development of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells via a STAT3-depentent pathway. Abrogation of tumor-derived G-CSF reduced the proliferation and accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells and inhibited prostate tumor growth. Therefore, the tumor-derived cytokine, G-CSF, is a prospective candidate upstream of the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in MDSC differentiation from the bone marrow. These findings highlight the critical function of SOCS3 as a negative regulator of MDSC development and function, which may contribute to tumor suppressor attributes of SOCS3. Citation Format: Hao Yu, Yudong Liu, Jessy Deshane, Etty (Tika) Benveniste, Hongwei Qin. SOCS3 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes prostate tumor development. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B51. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B51
Estimating avoidable causes of cancer.
Authors: D L Davis, C Muir
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Evidence that much cancer is preventable derives from observations of time trends and geographic patterns of cancer, birth cohort changes, high risks in groups with well-defined exposures, and experimental studies. In an effort to identify additional opportunities for reducing the impact of cancer on society, this conference assessed avoidable causes of cancer. The magnitude and extent of preventable causes of cancer are subjects of intense debate, with discrepancies often related to the use of different time frames and different weights for epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence. There is much agreement, however, about the exposures that increase risk, notably tobacco, alcohol, diet, radiation, medications, occupational exposures, general environmental exposures, and infectious agents. Interactions between carcinogenic exposures and genetic susceptibility are also important. Concerted efforts are needed to identify avoidable causes of cancer and to apply knowledge already obtained to reduce the cancer burden.
Hepatic vascular lesions associated with dacarbazine treatment.
Authors: M A Greenstone, P M Dowd, D P Mikhailidis, P J Scheuer
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Dacarbazine is widely used in the treatment of melanoma. Transient abnormalities of liver function tests are well-recognised side effects of the drug, but acute liver failure due to vascular occlusion in patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy with dacarbazine has been noted only rarely. Two cases are reported in which hepatic vascular lesions developed during treatment with dacarbazine and were confirmed at necropsy. Hepatic vascular occlusion due to treatment with dacarbazine may be less rare than was previously thought. Greater caution may be needed when dacarbazine is prescribed, particularly as an adjuvant agent in stage I and II disease.
Assessment of Left-to-Right Intracardiac Shunting by Velocity-Encoded, Phase-Difference Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: W. Gregory Hundley, Hong F. Li, Richard A. Lange, Dennis P. Pfeifer, Benjamin M. Meshack, John E. Willard, Charles Landau, Duwayne Willett, L. David Hillis, Ronald M. Peshock
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Velocity-encoded, phase-difference magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to provide an accurate assessment of shunt magnitude in patients with large atrial septal defects, but its ability to determine shunt magnitude in patients with intracardiac left-to-right shunts of various locations and sizes has not been evaluated in a prospective and blinded manner. The objective of the present study was to determine whether velocity-encoded, phase-difference MRI can assess the magnitude of intracardiac left-to-right shunting in humans. Methods and Results Twenty-one subjects (15 women and 6 men; age range, 15 to 72 years) underwent velocity-encoded, phase-difference MRI measurements of flow in the proximal aorta and pulmonary artery, followed immediately by cardiac catheterization. The presence of left-to-right intracardiac shunting was assessed with hydrogen inhalation, after which shunt magnitude was measured by the oximetric and indocyanine green techniques. Of the 21 patients, 12 had left-to-right intracardiac shunting detected by hydrogen inhalation. There was a good correlation ( r =.94) between the invasive and MRI assessments of shunt magnitude. In comparison to oximetry and indocyanine green, MRI correctly identified the 12 patients with a ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) of &lt;1.5 (9 without intracardiac shunting and 3 with small shunts) and the 9 patients with a Qp/Qs of ≥1.5 (6 with atrial septal defect, 1 with ventricular septal defect, 1 with patent ductus arteriosus, and 1 with both atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus). Conclusions Compared with measurements obtained during cardiac catheterization, velocity-encoded, phase-difference MRI measurements of flow in the proximal great vessels can reliably assess the magnitude of intracardiac left-to-right shunting.
Cop 1 Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Howard L. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which infiltrating lymphocytes (predominantly T cells) and macrophages lead to degradation of the myelin sheath. The leading hypothesis about the causation of multiple sclerosis is that it is an autoimmune disease linked in some way to a viral infection.1 , 2 Nonetheless, despite extensive investigation, neither pathogenic autoreactive T cells or antibodies nor a virus has been shown to have a clear role in the disease process.2 Clinically, multiple sclerosis may be categorized as being of the exacerbating–remitting type, in which discrete episodes of neurologic dysfunction are followed by recovery, . . .
Seronegative virus carriers in the infection of rabbits with human T lymphotropic virus type I.
Authors: A Seto, M Kawanishi, S Matsuda, K Ogawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Six HTLV-I-transformed T cell lines were prepared from PBL of three rabbits each of B/J and Chbb:HM strains, and were inoculated into newborn rabbits of these two strains, and of their F1 hybrid. None of three B/J cell lines induced anti-HTLV-I antibody response in newborn B/J rabbits, whereas all three Chbb:HM cell lines did induce a response in newborn Chbb:HM rabbits. These B/J cell lines however could induce antibody response in adult B/J as well as newborn Chbb:HM rabbits, and a Chbb:HM cell line could induce a response in a newborn B/J rabbit. Similar unresponsiveness was observed in (B/J x Chbb:HM)F1 hybrids neonatally inoculated with B/J cells. Unresponsiveness was abrogated by reinoculation of some but not other cell lines. Viral antigen-positive cell lines harboring HTLV-I provirus genomes were established from such seronegative B/J and F1 rabbits. Simultaneous inoculation of HTLV-I-transformed cells and SPV resulted in the induction of papilloma and antibody against SPV, but not antibody against HTLV-I. The present findings thus reveal that neonatal infection of HTLV-I could result in immunological tolerance to the virus antigens, thereby leading to a persistent infection without antibody induction.
Complement, oxidants, and endothelial injury: how a bedside observation opened a door to vascular biology
Authors: Gregory M. Vercellotti, Charles F. Moldow, Harry S. Jacob
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

A single encounter with a dialysis patient led to the study of complement and neutrophil aggregation, which in turn spawned our work and the remarkable development of the field of vascular biology. As our understanding of these cellular interactions and the signaling pathways involved in these processes has expanded, so has our appreciation for the broad impact of this work on an array of human diseases.
Surrogate Markers in AIDS Research
Authors: Jay A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

MATHEMATICAL models and statistical evaluations are often used to explain biologic phenomena. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is no exception. Through the years of studying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its effect on the immune system, investigators have emphasized counting CD4<sup>+</sup>cells and CD8<sup>+</sup>cells and/or measuring p24 antigen levels or, more recently, the viral RNA content of the plasma. What is known, but not always appreciated, is the limited information that may be reflected by these parameters when measured in the blood. Peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers represent only a small percentage (3%) of the total white blood cells in the body,<sup>1</sup>and plasma virion content is just a portion of the total HIV virions, which are concentrated primarily in lymphoid organs.<sup>2</sup>Thus, in several experimental systems, plasma viral RNA may not reflect the actual viral load. Moreover, although CD4<sup>+</sup>cell numbers may be helpful in predicting
Chlorpromazine: Ten Years' Experience
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1963)

CHLORPROMAZINE is the result of one of those fateful accidents which have had a profound influence on the history of medicine. Developed a decade ago, it is unlikely that at the time anyone had a presentiment of the impact this drug would have on medicine, especially psychiatry. Yet 10 yr later it can be recorded that chlorpromazine has been prescribed for an estimated 50 million patients, that it has been the subject of or mentioned in more than 10,000 scientific publications, and that most physicians in the world have had occasion to use it as either an antiemetic, a potentiator of other drugs, or a calming agent. Few medicinals have such a record. In 1952, Delay and associates<sup>1</sup>first reported the clinical use of chlorpromazine in the management of psychoses. This report was followed by worldwide clinical trials which generated an enthusiasm unparalleled in psychiatric history. Within 2
Adaptive human regulatory T cells: myth or reality?
Authors: Lucienne Chatenoud, Jean-François Bach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

It is now well established that a distinct subset of T lymphocytes is essential for downregulating immune responses to both endogenous (self) and exogenous antigens. These Tregs are CD4+ and express high levels of CD25 (the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor) and the transcription factor Foxp3. The mechanisms determining the lifespan, homeostasis, and in vivo generation of these Tregs are still ill defined. A study by Vukmanovic-Stejic et al. in this issue of the JCI shows that in humans, Tregs are present throughout life but that despite their high throughput, they are short lived (see the related article beginning on page 2423). It is thus unlikely that all CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ Tregs are generated as a separate lineage in the thymus. The authors propose that during adulthood, Tregs essentially emerge at the periphery from the memory T cell pool.
Endoscopy of Lower Respiratory Tract Scleroma
Authors: H.A. Gaafar
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Eleven cases of scleroma with lower respiratory tract affection were examined by the flexible and rigid bronchoscopes. The patterns of laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial scleroma as seen through the flexible scope are presented. In the larynx, diffuse and localized forms are found. The trachea was affected by granular or atrophic lesions. Stenosis of the main bronchi was seen in two patients. The present-day treatment of lower respiratory tract scleroma is discussed.
MyD88 Signaling in the CNS Is Required for Development of Fatty Acid-Induced Leptin Resistance and Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: André Kleinridders, Dominik Schenten, A. Christine Könner, Bengt F. Belgardt, Jan Mauer, Tomoo Okamura, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Ruslan Medzhitov, Jens C. Brüning
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Indications for Heart Transplantation in Pediatric Heart Disease
Authors: Charles E. Canter, Robert E. Shaddy, Daniel Bernstein, Daphne T. Hsu, Maryanne R.K. Chrisant, James K. Kirklin, Kirk R. Kanter, Robert S.D. Higgins, Elizabeth D. Blume, David N. Rosenthal, Mark M. Boucek, Karen C. Uzark, Alan H. Friedman, James K. Young
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Since the initial utilization of heart transplantation as therapy for end-stage pediatric heart disease, improvements have occurred in outcomes with heart transplantation and surgical therapies for congenital heart disease along with the application of medical therapies to pediatric heart failure that have improved outcomes in adults. These events justify a reevaluation of the indications for heart transplantation in congenital heart disease and other causes of pediatric heart failure. Methods and Results— A working group was commissioned to review accumulated experience with pediatric heart transplantation and its use in patients with unrepaired and/or previously repaired or palliated congenital heart disease (children and adults), in patients with pediatric cardiomyopathies, and in pediatric patients with prior heart transplantation. Evidence-based guidelines for the indications for heart transplantation or retransplantation for these conditions were developed. Conclusions— This evaluation has led to the development and refinement of indications for heart transplantation for patients with congenital heart disease and pediatric cardiomyopathies in addition to indications for pediatric heart retransplantation.
TCT-220 Impact of chronic total occlusion localization on 12-month mortality in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Pawel Gasior, Michal Hawranek, Mateusz Tajstra, Jacek Piegza, Janusz Szkodziński, Piotr Desperak, Cislak Aneta, Andrzej Lekston, Mariusz Gasior, Lech Polonski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)