tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An audit of excuses
Authors: V Wright
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit at the University of Leeds is a vigorous, productive department in four segments, clinical science, bioengineering, clinical pharmacology, and rehabilitation. To foster the illusion of having things under control, the professor has a monthly research meeting at 7 30 am and also a quarterly review of each group. The normal agenda comprises apologies for absence (none if members value a reference for their next job), suggestions for communications to the next meeting of the British Society of Rheumatology or the British Orthopaedic Research Society, progress reports of papers to be published, review of work being currently undertaken, and ideas for future studies. At the last meeting of the clinical review group there were 80 papers in various stages of preparation. As it was the professor's last meeting before retirement, under "any other business" he was presented with a list of "reasons," culled over the years, for the lack of progress of papers. In the expectation that they will be of value to other junior staff members in a similar position they are reproduced here. These excuse the non-appearance of the results of work, often long since finished, which has not seen the light of day.
703. Combination Therapy with Bleomycin and IL-12 Gene Induces Regression of Breast Cancer
Authors: Marina N. Torrero, Shulin Li
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Electrochemotherapy has been used extensively in clinical studies for treating melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, demonstrating that a low dose of drug such as bleomycin (BLM) has anti-tumor activity when it is delivered by electroporation. However, many tumors re-grow from the escaped tumor cells causing metastasis. Electrochemo-gene immunotherapy combines the local cytotoxic effect of BLM with the induction of cell-mediated immune response by cytokines. In this study, we used the IL-12 gene and BLM combination therapy delivered intratumorally by electroporation for treating breast cancer in Balb/c mice.
Compliance With Live, Oral Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine
Authors: Deborah T. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A new oral vaccine (Vivotif Berna Vaccine, Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute [Berne]) for the prevention of typhoid fever has recently become available in the United States and provides international travelers with a choice for immunization.<sup>1,2</sup>The vaccine, which was recently reviewed in<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>2</sup>uses the Ty21a mutant of<i>Salmonella typhi</i>that produces enough lipopolysaccharide to be immunogenic, but does not undergo sustained replication.<sup>3,4</sup>Advantages of the new vaccine include an oral route of administration, minimal side effects, and the ability to complete the vaccine series within a week of administration. The oral vaccine has an efficacy of 60% to 70%, which is comparable to the older heat - phenol — inactivated parenteral vaccine.<sup>2,5</sup>However, it requires increased patient compliance because of the requirement for vaccine refrigeration and the dosing of four capsules on alternate days. Decreased patient compliance could lead to decreased efficacy.
Design and analysis of a squamous cell carcinoma in vitro model system
Authors: Eva Brauchle, Hannah Johannsen, Samantha Nolan, Sibylle Thude, Katja Schenke-Layland
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Tissue-engineered skin equivalents based on primary isolated fibroblasts and keratinocytes have been shown to be useful tools for functional in vitro tests, including toxicological screenings and drug development. In this study, a commercially available squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-25 was introduced into epidermal and full-thickness skin equivalents to generate human-based disease-in-a-dish model systems. Interestingly, when cultured either in the epidermis or dermis of full-thickness skin equivalents, SCC-25 cells formed hyper-keratinized tumor cell nests, a phenomenon that is frequently seen in the skin of patients afflicted with SCC. Raman spectroscopy was employed for the label-free cell phenotype characterization within the engineered skin equivalents and revealed the presence of differential protein patterns in keratinocytes and SCC-25 cells. To conclude, the here presented SSC disease-in-a-dish approaches offer the unique opportunity to model SSC in human skin in vitro, which will allow further insight into SSC disease progression, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Omalizumab plus rush immunotherapy (RIT) is more effective than RIT alone in preventing ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms
Authors: J.N. Kline, T.B. Casale, W.W. Busse, Z.K. Ballas, M. Mokhtarani, C. Bromstead, V. Seyfert-Margolis, A. Asare, K. Bateman, M.H. Moss, R.G. Townley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE OF NORMAL CAVITIES.
Authors: WILLIAM JEPSON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It is not my desire to enter into a consideration of the relative merits of capillary and tubular drainage, when it becomes necessary to conduct undesirable liquid products from cavities. Suffice it to say that each will at times find a field of application peculiarly its own. There can be no doubt that when large cavities, i. e., peritoneal or pleural, or hollow viscera, i. e., gall or urinary bladder, are to be drained of considerable quantities of liquid, tubular drainage—either by means of glass or rubber— with few exceptions will offer the ideal method. The advantages of tubular drainage are briefly stated: 1,that by this means the product sought to be removed may be conveyed through the dressings applied, so preventing soiling of them, which is certainly of much importance in cases in which contamination of the wound would be undesirable; 2, that the discharges may be efficiently withdrawn
Treating menstruating women with thrombolytic therapy: Insights from the global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO-I) trial
Authors: Sharon L. Karnash, Christopher B. Granger, Harvey D. White, Lynn H. Woodlief, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Clinical Research and the NIH — A Report Card
Authors: David G. Nathan, Jean D. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Eight years ago, Harold E. Varmus, then the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), convened a panel to evaluate the status of clinical research in the NIH portfolio and to make recommendations for strengthening this component of the U.S. biomedical research effort. This Sounding Board article examines the outcome of the panel's recommendations.
A rare and reversible cause of acute dilatation of the pancreatic duct
Authors: W. Laleman, M. Radwan, W. Van Steenbergen
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 50-year-old woman with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis was treated endoscopically at our institution at the end of 2006 for a pancreatic duct stone and stenosis. After stone removal and temporary stenting, the main pancreatic duct returned to normal ([Fig. 1 a]). In March 2007, a cholecystectomy was performed after an acute cholecystitis had occurred in January 2007.
Itch Severity Scale: a self-report instrument for the measurement of pruritus severity
Authors: C.J. Majeski, J.A. Johnson, S.N. Davison, G.J. Lauzon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Assessing pruritus severity is difficult because of its subjective nature. A questionnaire that takes into account how the symptom is perceived by the patient may provide a more accurate representation of the pruritus. However, recently developed questionnaires do not specifically quantify severity of the symptom.To develop a self-report questionnaire to measure pruritus severity and to provide initial evidence of its validity and reliability.We modified a previously developed interview for the characterization and evaluation of pruritus, which was completed along with the RAND-36 Health Status Inventory and Dermatology Life Quality Index by patients with psoriasis-associated pruritus. Exploratory factor analysis, studies of internal consistency, and correlation analyses with health-related quality of life scores were used to help determine which components of the modified pruritus interview to include in the new questionnaire, the Itch Severity Scale (ISS). The ISS was then assessed for construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.Seven of the initial 11 components of the modified pruritus interview were included in the ISS. ISS scores correlated moderately with physical (r=-0 x 483) and mental (r=-0 x 492) health composite scores of the RAND-36 and strongly with Dermatology Life Quality Index scores (r=0 x 628), evidence of construct validity. It had an internal consistency reliability of 0 x 80 and a test-retest reliability of 0 x 95.Based on this preliminary evidence of validity and reliability, this new seven-item ISS may be useful in comparing pruritus severity among different disease populations or in assessing pruritus treatment effectiveness.
Authors' reply to Rozin and Quinn et al
Authors: J Pouchot, M Rudler, S Gentelle, A Grasland, P Vinceneux, F Paycha
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, why not make use of our "rapid response" option?Log on
Chronic Prostatitis: Psychosomatic Incidence
Authors: J. Mendlewicz, C.C. Schulman, B. de Schutter, J. Wilmotte
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

A systematic study of 50 patients suffering from chronic prostatitis, attending the urological outpatient department of Brussels University Hospital, has been carried out in order to evaluate the incidence of psychosomatic factors in chronic prostatitis. The following investigations were performed on each patient: (1) complete urological examination, (2) psychiatric interviews completed by multidimensional psychometric evaluation. Representation of the patient’s body has also been studied. The authors have tried to define some profiles of psychosomatic personalities by comparing patients completely cured after treatment of their prostatitis and patients whose affection became chronic though no biological signs of prostatic infection could be demonstrated and completed treatment had been applied without success. The diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and the institution of prostatic massages must be approached carefully. Whenever a patient’s condition is not improved by a prolonged treatment, it is contra-indicated to continue prostatic massages and reappraisal of the diagnosis would be wise by making up a psychologic investigation before the complications become irreversible.
Neurophysiology, 1942–1948
Authors: John F. Fulton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE war years gave valuable impetus to studies on the nervous system, but few of the many important advances during these years stemmed from wartime research per se. The subject of neurophysiology has come to have such vast ramifications that it would be imprudent to attempt to cover the entire field in a brief review. I propose, therefore, to restrict this summary to the newer disclosures in the motor sphere. Developments in sensory physiology must be relegated to another occasion and a better informed reviewer, and likewise the many studies on the special senses, particularly the notable work on night . . .
Prevalence of toxoplasma IgG among pregnant women in west London according to country of birth and ethnic group.
Authors: R E Gilbert, P A Tookey, W D Cubitt, A E Ades, J Masters, C S Peckham
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii can be acquired from soil contaminated by cats' faeces and by consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurised goats' milk.' Toxoplasma cysts are killed by freezing or by heating above 45°C.' Matemal infection can result in fetal infection and damage and is estimated to occur in 0 1-05% of pregnancies in the United Kingdom.2 The seroprevalence of toxoplasma IgG is known to vary among countries,' but differences according to country of birth and ethnic group have not previously been investigated in a single population based study.
NHS cervical screening programme to introduce liquid based cytology
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The NHS cervical screening programme in England and Wales is switching to liquid based cytology to minimise the number of smear tests that are unsuitable for testing. It is also going to change the frequency of screening to intervals based on age, it was announced this week.

The change followed pilot studies of liquid based cytology showing that it was associated with fewer “inadequate” cervical smear tests, so reducing the number of women recalled for repeat testing. Use of liquid based cytology was also associated with quicker reporting time.

The current screening programme, which uses the Pap smear test, requires a sample of cells to be collected–usually by a GP or nurse working in a community clinic–from the cervix with a disposable spatula. The sample is spread on …
Limited clinical relevance of imaging techniques in the follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a meta-analysis
Authors: Barbara F. Eichhorst, Kirsten Fischer, Anna-Maria Fink, Thomas Elter, Clemens M. Wendtner, Valentin Goede, Manuela Bergmann, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Georg Hopfinger, Matthias Ritgen, Jasmin Bahlo, Raymonde Busch, Michael Hallek
Journal: Blood (2010)
M142 The Association Between Exacerbation Frequency And Stroke Risk, In Patients With Copd: A Matched Case-control Study
Authors: C. Windsor, E. Herrett, L. Smeeth, J. Quint
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> COPD patients have been shown to have a higher incidence of MI and stroke, than the general.<sup>1</sup> There is also evidence that the risk of MI and stroke, in COPD patients, increases following an exacerbation.<sup>2</sup> However, the association appears stronger between COPD exacerbations and MI, than it does between COPD exacerbations and stroke.<sup>1,2</sup> We hypothesise that COPD patients, who are frequent exacerbators, have a higher stroke risk, than those who are infrequent exacerbators, even when stable. <h3>Methods</h3> COPD patients, with a first stroke between 2004 and 2013, were identified in the UK CPRD database, as cases. Controls, were COPD patients, registered in the CPRD database, matched 3:1, to cases on age, sex and GP practice. We defined “frequent exacerbators” as COPD patients, with ≥ 2 exacerbations, resulting in treatment, per year and “infrequent exacerbators” as ≤1 exacerbation, per year. We also grouped exposure into four levels; 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 exacerbations, per year, to allow an analysis for trend between exacerbation number and stroke. A subgroup analysis of the association between exacerbation frequency and stroke type (ischaemic/ haemorrhagic or TIA) was also carried out. Conditional logistic regression was used for the analyses. <h3>Results</h3> There were 6,441 cases and 19,323 controls. No difference was found in odds of stroke, comparing frequent and infrequent exacerbators (adjusted<sup>‡</sup> OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.01, p = 0.09), or in the odds for stroke of any type. However, there was a reduction in odds of stroke associated with increased number of exacerbations, per year, with evidence for a linear trend (p = 0.002) (see Table 1.) <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings do not support the hypothesis that exacerbations in COPD are associated with increased stroke risk and warrant further investigation. ‡Adjusted for age, sex, general practice, smoking status, family history, hypertension, heart failure, CABG, angina, B-blocker and Calcium channel blocker. <h3>References</h3> Feary, JR, <i>et al</i>. Prevalence of major comorbidities in subjects with COPD and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke: a comprehensive analysis using data from primary care. <i>Thorax</i>, 2010;65(11):p. 956-62 Donaldson, GC, <i>et al</i>. Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following exacerbation of COPD. <i>Chest</i>, 2010:137(5): p. 1091-7
TGFβR1 Inhibition Blocks the Formation of Stenosis in Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts
Authors: Daniel R. Duncan, Pei-Yu Chen, Joseph T. Patterson, Yong-Ung Lee, Narutoshi Hibino, Muriel Cleary, Yuji Naito, Tai Yi, Thomas Gilliland, Hirotsugu Kurobe, Spencer N. Church, Toshiharu Shinoka, Tarek M. Fahmy, Michael Simons, Christopher K. Breuer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
SHARP DISSECTION THROUGH AN ESOPHAGOSCOPE: REMOVAL UNDER BIPLANE FLUOROSCOPE OF BOBBIN IN ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Murdock Equen
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The prompt removal of a metallic object caught in the esophagus rarely presents difficulties to a surgeon with modern training in this specialty. When such an object has been impacted over a long period, however, the resultant scarring complicates the issue. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A girl, aged 7 years, was referred to me from another state, Jan. 10, 1933, with the following history: In the summer of 1930 she had swallowed a textile machine bobbin. Although she duly reported this fact to her parents, no particular attention was paid to her story until after many months they noticed that she was having difficulty in swallowing and that she had lost weight and strength. Two years after the accident the presence of the bobbin in the upper part of the esophagus was proved by a roentgenogram. Dr. N. E. Sellers of Anniston, Ala., performed a gastrostomy to prevent starvation and dehydration.
Human apolipoprotein E peptides inhibit hepatitis C virus entry by blocking virus binding
Authors: Shufeng Liu, Kevin D. McCormick, Wentao Zhao, Ting Zhao, Daping Fan, Tianyi Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry is a multiple-step process involving a number of host factors and hence represents a promising target for new antiviral drug development. In search of novel inhibitors of HCV infection, we found that a human apolipoprotein E (apoE) peptide, hEP, containing both a receptor binding fragment and a lipid binding fragment of apoE specifically blocked the entry of cell culture grown HCV (HCVcc) at submicromolar concentrations. hEP caused little cytotoxicity in vitro and remained active even if left 24 hours in cell culture. Interestingly, hEP inhibited neither human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV pseudotypes (HCVpp) nor HIV and Dengue virus (DENV) infection. Further characterization mapped the anti-HCV activity to a 32-residue region that harbors the receptor binding domain of apoE, but this fragment must contain a cysteine residue at the N-terminus to mediate dimer formation. The anti-HCV activity of the peptide appears to be dependent on both its length and sequence and correlates with its ability to bind lipids. Finally, we demonstrated that the apoE-derived peptides directly blocked the binding of both HCVcc and patient serum-derived virus to hepatoma cells as well as primary human hepatocytes.apoE peptides potently inhibit HCV infection and suggest a direct role of apoE in mediating HCV entry. Our findings also highlight the potential of developing apoE mimetic peptides as novel HCV entry inhibitors by targeting HCV-host interactions.
Clinical implications. Avoiding problems in clinical practice after the pill scare
Authors: A Mills
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The publications of 1995 and 1996 on the risk of venous thrombosis associated with the use of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) suggested that the risks were lower than previous estimates. The debate, which ensued, ensured that the safety of the COC with regard to arterial and venous disease was reassessed. This review details the importance of contraception for public health. It reassesses critically current prescribing practice in the light of the new publications on Factor V Leiden, arterial and venous disease. Methods of communicating information about the COC are assessed, and the difficulties of transmitting complex scientific data to health care professionals and the general public are debated. The importance of attempting to quantify the benefits and risks of the COC and explaining them in the context of other life events is emphasized. Key words: combined oral contraceptive/communication/contraception/pill scare/public health
Molecular Genetics of Human Hemoglobin Synthesis
Authors: BERNARD G. FORGET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Molecular analysis of normal and abnormal human globin genes and their gene products has recently provided information on the precise genetic events that result in hemoglobinopathies. In the case of structurally abnormal hemoglobins, the following mechanisms can be invoked: single nucleotide base substitutions leading to amino acid replacement or chain termination variants; nucleotide deletions (or additions) leading to deletion and frameshift variants; and nonhomologous crossing over leading to the production of fused globin chains. The molecular basis of the thalassemia syndromes, disorders characterized by absent or decreased synthesis of α- or β-globin chains, is quite heterogeneous. In some cases globin gene deletions have been demonstrated; whereas in others there is probably either a defect in globin gene transcription or a defect in nuclear globin messenger RNA (mRNA) processing, mRNA transport or globin mRNA stability. In one form of β°-thalassemia a nonsense mutation has recently been demonstrated, and other cases are also associated with some as yet undetermined functional abnormality of β-globin mRNA.
Better tools for assessing osteoporosis
Authors: B. Lawrence Riggs, Sundeep Khosla, L. Joseph Melton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Some 30 years ago, we applied the newly described method of dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) to demonstrate that osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures had lost substantially more bone from the vertebrae than controls. This opened a whole new field of research into the determinants of bone loss and fractures in the axial skeleton and set the stage for subsequent development of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), which are now the standard methods for assessing osteoporosis severity and treatment efficacy.