tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US paediatricians and cardiologists are criticised for recommending statins for children
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A storm of criticism has arisen after the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association decided to recommend statins for children as young as 8 years old with high lipid concentrations and for those as young as 2 years old with major cardiovascular risk factors.

The American Academy of Pediatrics issued a new clinical report, replacing one from 1998. It said that doctors should measure cholesterol concentrations in children aged 2 years and over and should treat children with high concentrations with statins, probably for life ( Pediatrics 2008;122:198-208). The report echoed last year’s report by the American Heart Association ( Circulation 2007;115:1948-67).

Timothy Gardner, president of the American Heart Association, said that atherosclerosis begins in childhood. “The earlier we …
Cadmium and the kidney.
Authors: L Friberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The paper is a review of certain aspects of importance of cadmium and the kidney regarding the assessment of risks and understanding of mechanisms of action. The review discusses the following topics: history and etiology of cadmium-induced kidney dysfunction and related disorders; cadmium metabolism, metallothionein and kidney dysfunction; cadmium in urine as indicator of body burden, exposure and kidney dysfunction; cadmium levels in kidney and liver as indicators of kidney dysfunction; characteristics of early kidney dysfunction; the critical concentration concept; critical concentrations of cadmium in kidney cortex; and prognosis.
801-3 Anemia worsens prognosis after primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: Analysis from the CADILLAC trial
Authors: Eugenia Nikolsky, Amir Halkin, Eve A Aymong, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra Lansky, Cindy L Grines, Mark Turco, David A Cox, Eulogio Garcia, James E Tcheng, John J Griffin, Giulio Guagliumi, Thomas Stuckey, David A Cohen, Barry D Rutherford, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Genetic variability of platelet glycoprotein Ibα gene
Authors: Margareth C. Ozelo, Devanira S.P. Costa, Lucia H. Siqueira, Tania M.F. Machado, Vagner Castro, Marilda S. Gonçalves, Raimundo C. Menezes, Manoel Soares, Joyce M. Annichino‐Bizzacchi, Fernando F. Costa, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is a critical component of platelet adhesion complex to subendothelium structures following tissue injury or pathological surfaces, such as atherosclerotic plaques. Polymorphisms of the GPIbα gene have been associated with a high risk for occlusive vascular disease, and its distribution varies considerably among distinct populations. These polymorphisms comprise the human platelet antigen (HPA)‐2 system, the −5C/T dimorphism of the Kozak sequence, and the variable number of tandem 39‐bp repeats (VNTR). Here we report the prevalence of the GPIbα gene polymorphisms among Brazilians, a highly ethnically diverse population. We analyzed 492 subjects of European, African, or Indigenous origin. It was possible to determine ten distinct haplotypes. The most common (∽40%) haplotype was the Kozak‐TT/HPA‐2aa/VNTR‐CC for both Caucasian and African descent. However, among Indigenous, Kozak‐TT/HPA‐2aa/VNTR‐CC and Kozak‐TC/HPA‐2aa/VNTR‐CC were equally present. Although a strong linkage disequilibrium between VNTR and HPA‐2 polymorphism had also been observed, here we determined incomplete linkage disequilibrium in 10% of subjects from all ethnic groups. VNTR‐E, a rare variant lacking the 39‐bp repeat, was identified in two unrelated subjects, and functional platelet studies revealed no abnormalities. The VNTR‐A allele, the largest variant containing four copies of the repeats, was not identified in this population. However, homozygosity for the VNTR‐A allele (Kozak‐TT/HPA‐2aa/VNTR‐AA) was determined in two distinct species of nonhuman primates. These results suggest a greater complex evolutionary mechanism in the macroglycoprotein region of the GPIbα gene and may be useful in the design of gene–disease association studies for vascular disease. Am. J. Hematol. 77:107–116, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Conditioning in Older Coronary Patients
Authors: Philip A. Ades, Mary L. Waldmann, William L. Meyer, Kenneth A. Brown, Eric T. Poehlman, William W. Pendlebury, Kevin O. Leslie, Peter R. Gray, Richard R. Lew, Martin M. LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Older coronary patients suffer from a low functional capacity and high rates of disability. Supervised exercise programs improve aerobic capacity in middle-aged coronary patients by improving both cardiac output and peripheral extraction of oxygen. Physiological adaptations to aerobic conditioning, however, have not been well studied in older coronary patients. Methods and Results The effect of a 3-month and a 1-year program of intense aerobic exercise was studied in 60 older coronary patients (mean age, 68±5 years) beginning 8±5 weeks after myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery. Outcome measures included peak aerobic capacity, cardiac output, arteriovenous oxygen difference, hyperemic calf blood flow, and skeletal muscle fiber morphometry, oxidative enzyme activity, and capillarity. Training results were compared with a sedentary, age- and diagnosis-matched control group (n=10). Peak aerobic capacity increased in the intervention group at 3 months and at 1 year by 16% and 20%, respectively (both P &lt;.01). Peak exercise cardiac output, hyperemic calf blood flow, and vascular conductance were unaffected by the conditioning protocol. At 3 and 12 months, arteriovenous oxygen difference at peak exercise was increased in the exercise group but not in control subjects. Histochemical analysis of skeletal muscle documented a 34% increase in capillary density and a 23% increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity after 3 months of conditioning (both P &lt;.02). At 12 months, individual fiber area increased by 29% compared with baseline ( P &lt;.01). Conclusions Older coronary patients successfully improve peak aerobic capacity after 3 and 12 months of supervised aerobic conditioning compared with control subjects. The mechanism of the increase in peak aerobic capacity is associated almost exclusively with peripheral skeletal muscle adaptations, with no discernible improvements in cardiac output or calf blood flow.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Camila C. Aquino, Andres M. Lozano, Anthony E. Lang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project
Authors: S. K. Schwarcz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project is a national sentinel surveillance system to estimate levels and monitor trends of antimicrobial resistance in prospectively collected isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of 6204 isolates evaluated from 21 clinic sites between September 1987 and December 1988, 21% met at least one of the surveillance criteria for resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, or spectinomycin; 2.2% were penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae; 1.0% had high-level plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance; and 16.8% of the isolates without plasmid-mediated resistance had chromosomally mediated resistance (defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/mL) to penicillin, tetracycline, or cefoxitin. Three isolates were resistant to spectinomycin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Resistant isolates were identified from all participating centers. Patient demographic and behavioral characteristics were not predictive of infections caused by resistant organisms. These results demonstrate the wide distribution of antimicrobial-resistant N gonorrhoeae and support recent changes in Centers for Disease Control therapy recommendations for gonococcal infections that no longer recommend tetracycline and penicillin as first-line therapies.
Rapid Appearance of Hypercalcemia With Initiation of Hemodialysis
Authors: Jack W. Coburn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Symptomatic hypercalcemia developed in a patient with chronic renal failure within three weeks of initiation of adequate hemodialysis. He had anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dysesthias, parasthesias, confusion, disorientation, and hypertension; these symptoms were controlled only after subtotal parathyroidectomy. Adequate hemodialysis may, in rare instances, unmask manifestations of preexisting secondary hyperparathyroidism in a manner similar to that observed after renal transplantation. The symptoms were very intense, and it is possible that uremia may increase the sensitivity to symptoms of hypercalcemia.
The Primary Care Physician's Guide to Common Psychiatric and Neurologic Problems
Authors: Stuart Oserman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 June 2002The Primary Care Physician's Guide to Common Psychiatric and Neurologic ProblemsStuart Oserman, MDStuart Oserman, MDAdvocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois. (Oserman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-12-200206180-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Slavney PR and Hurko O, eds. 236 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2001. $19.95. ISBN 0801865549. Order phone 800-537-5487.Field of medicine: Psychiatry and neurology.Format: Paperback book.Audience: Generalist physicians, trainees in neurology and psychiatry, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners seeking a concise, tutorial review of both adult neurology and adult psychiatry.Purpose: To enable the busy generalist to assess, treat, and make appropriate referrals for patients with common or worrisome psychiatric or neurologic symptoms.Content: The book's 14 chapters cover screening examinations as well as six selected psychiatric complaints and six neurologic complaints. Each chapter is written ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois. (Oserman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 June 2002Volume 136, Issue 12Page: 928KeywordsAlcoholismEating disordersLibrariesNeuroanatomyNeurologyNursesSexual dysfunctionSleep disordersSoftware tools ePublished: 18 June 2002 Issue Published: 18 June 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hemodynamic Modulation of Endocardial Thromboresistance
Authors: Navin K. Kapur, Clayton B. Deming, Sunil Kapur, Ce Bian, Hunter C. Champion, J. Kevin Donahue, David A. Kass, Jeffrey J. Rade
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Patients with heart failure are at increased risk for thromboembolic events, including stroke. Historically attributed to blood stasis, little is known about the adverse effects of elevated chamber filling pressure on endocardial function, which could predispose to intracardiac thrombus formation.We investigated changes in the expression of thrombomodulin, a key component of the anticoagulant protein C pathway, in rats subjected to acute atrial pressure overload caused by aortic banding. Acute elevation of left atrial filling pressure, without an associated decline in ventricular systolic function, caused a 70% inhibition of atrial endocardial thrombomodulin expression and resulted in increased local thrombin generation. Targeted restoration of atrial thrombomodulin expression with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer successfully reduced thrombin generation to baseline levels. In vitro co-culture studies revealed that thrombomodulin downregulation is caused by the paracrine release of transforming growth factor-beta from cardiac connective tissue in response to mechanical stretch. This was confirmed in vivo by administration of a neutralizing transforming growth factor-beta antibody, which effectively prevented thrombomodulin downregulation during acute pressure overload.These findings suggest that increased hemodynamic load adversely affects endocardial function and is a potentially important contributor to thromboembolus formation in heart failure.
Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Tumors
Authors: E. Hiyama, L. Gollahon, T. Kataoka, K. Kuroi, T. Yokoyama, A. F. Gazdar, K. Hiyama, M. A. Piatyszek, J. W. Shay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Background:The activity of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase is not detected in normal somatic cells; thus, with each cell division, the ends of chromosomes consisting of the telomeric repeats TTAGGG progressively erode. The current model gaining support is that telomerase activity in germline and immortal cells maintains telomere length and thus compensates for the “end-replication problem.”
Lifetime risk for patients with mitral valve prolapse of developing severe valve regurgitation requiring surgery.
Authors: D E Wilcken, A J Hickey
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Severe mitral regurgitation requiring surgery is the most common life-threatening complication of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and is due to progressive myxomatous change in the valve. We identified all residents of New South Wales, Australia, who had mitral valve surgery for myxomatous valve disease during 1982 and, using these data and the adult population statistics from 1982, estimated the cumulative risk of valve surgery in patients with MVP. In 1982, 50 of the 5.36 million New South Wales residents required surgery for this complication of MVP. Of the 50, 36 were men and 14 were women, which was significantly different from the population sex distribution (p less than 0.02) for mean age +/- SD of 60 +/- 11 years (range, 26-78 years). Using our previously determined 4% prevalence of adult MVP in New South Wales, we estimated the number of male and female patients with MVP at risk for each 5-year age interval and calculated age-specific event rates. The results show that the cumulative risk is minimal below the age of 50 years but then rises steeply, particularly in men. The risks in men aged 50, 60, and 70 years (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1:202 (130-448), 1:53 (37-82), and 1:28 (22-41), respectively. In women, the risk was less than half that in men (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Echocardiographic Demonstration of Abnormal Motion of the Interventricular Septum in Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: IAN G. McDONALD
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A characteristic abnormality of motion of the interventricular septum was recorded by echocardiography in 17 of 18 patients with left bundle branch block. Early and abrupt contraction of the septum occurs during the pre-ejection period before the delayed commencement of contraction of the posterior wall of the left ventricle. This abnormality can be explained by asynchronous contraction of the left ventricle with early activation and contraction of the septum but delay in activation and contraction of the left ventricular free wall due to a block in the left bundle branch or its peripheral branches.
The Diagnosis of Cancer of the Pancreas
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

TEN years ago Clute1 discussed the problems presented by the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the pancreas. In the intervening decade surgical treatment has progressed remarkably,2 3 4 but diagnosis is still lagging, partly owing to the variability of pancreatic symptoms, the inaccessibility of the pancreas to examination, the difficulty of x-ray study of this gland and the unavailability of an easy and reliable function test. On the other hand, failure to recognize the symptoms that have been repeatedly emphasized in the literature of the last ten years and to institute such tests as have been made available are also responsible . . .
Recent Trend Toward Decrease in the Incidence of Childhood Type 2 Diabetes in Tokyo
Authors: Tatsuhiko Urakami, Misao Owada, Teruo Kitagawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We previously reported that the annual incidences of children with type 2 diabetes as detected by urine glucose screening at school in Tokyo during 1981–1995 were significantly higher than the incidence in 1974–1980 (1). We evaluated recent changes in the annual incidence of childhood type 2 diabetes in Tokyo. The results were analyzed using Fisher’s exact probability test.

From 1974 to 2004, a total of 9,242,259 school students were tested for glucosuria to detect diabetes. A total of 236 children were diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes through this screening program. Overall, 83.9% …
Policeman tweets about 16 year old kept in cell because of lack of NHS beds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The case of a teenage girl with mental health problems who was kept in a police cell for almost two days has again highlighted the strain on mental health services in England.

The 16 year old girl was found a hospital bed only after a policeman spoke out on Twitter, saying it was “unacceptable” that she was being held in police custody because apparently no beds were available.

Paul Netherton, assistant chief constable at Devon and Cornwall Police, tweeted about the case, saying, “Custody on a Fri & Sat night is no place for a child suffering mental health issues,” and, “This can’t be right!”

The girl had been arrested at Torbay Hospital after a breach of the peace on the night of Thursday 27 November, and on Friday lunchtime she was sectioned under the Mental Health Act. NHS England said it had …
Prolonged Oropharyngeal Excretion of Epstein–Barr Virus after Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: George Miller, James C. Niederman, Linda-Lea Andrews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A factor that transforms human and simian blood leukocytes into continuous cell lines was present in throat washes from 23 of 25 patients with the infectious-mononucleosis syndrome. The factor was not detected in similar materials obtained from 17 control subjects. The factor was found eight days to 16 months after onset of the syndrome. Transformation of umbilical-cord leukocytes by this factor allowed detection by complement fixation of Epstein-Barr viral antigens; however, such antigens detectable by immunofluorescence were found in transformed cells derived only from adult human beings or marmosets. The transforming capacity of three throat washes was neutralized by reference serums with Epstein-Barr virus antibody but was unaffected by serums without the antibody. The results suggest that the transforming factor present in throat washes of patients with infectious mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus. This agent is present in the oropharynx long after the appearance of serum antibodies and after the resolution of clinical symptoms.
Abstract 5398: Nanoparticles for image guided focused ultrasound drug delivery
Authors: Maya Thanou, Michael Wright, Miguel Centelles
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Thermally triggered, PEGylated drug- liposomes are currently in clinical trials. Conventional thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) lack the labels that would allow tumor imaging upon intravenous injection and a better mark for tissue specific applied hyperthermia (image guidance). We suggest dual- labelled thermosensitive liposomes for focused ultrasound (FUS) induced hyperthermia, triggered-release and functional delivery of the therapeutic anti-cancer drugs to xenograft tumors in response to thermal stimuli in vivo. In addition to labeling for MR Imaging we introduce the use of near infrared (NIR) fluorophores that allow for real time imaging of nanoparticle behavior in the absence of any significant intrinsic tissue background fluorescence, with good to excellent transmission and reduced scattering throughout tissues. We have synthesized these labels as lipid-probe conjugates and using these labels and thermosensitive lipids we have prepared TSL nanoparticles. N`-XenoLight750-N,N-distearylamidomethylamine (XLA750.DSA) and Gadolinium(III) 2-{4,7-Bis-carboxymethyl-10-[(N,N-distearylamidomethyl-N′-amidomethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl}acetic Acid (Gd.DOTA.DSA) were synthesized and characterized. Both lipids were used to prepare TSL nanoparticles carrying the anticancer drugs at substantial encapsulation efficiency. Nanoparticles were tested for their biophysical characteristics (thermal drug release, stability in plasma, size) in vitro. MRI contrast enhancement ability and Near-IR signal were tested in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles carrying drugs were injected intravenously in mice bearing tumors. Nanoparticle kinetics in tumors were assessed with optical imaging and at defined time intervals (post injection), FUS (TIPS Phillips: 1.4MHz) was applied for 3-5 min to induce a small increase in temperature from 37°C to 41°C. Optical imaging revealed both substantial nanoparticle accumulation and drug release immediately after and only in tumors treated with focused ultrasound induced (focal) hyperthermia. Tumors treated with both nanoparticles and FUS post injection showed substantial growth inhibition compared to tumors treated with nanoparticles only. The applications of these multifunctional nanoparticles with short and mild hyperthermia could have a transformative effect on cancer chemotherapy. Citation Format: Maya Thanou, Michael Wright, Miguel Centelles. Nanoparticles for image guided focused ultrasound drug delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5398
Opinions on Steroid Therapy
Authors: C. L. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1967)

NUT=SHresults, the author found that the rheumatoid patients in this study did not have any kind of emotional trauma just prior to or at the onset of their disease, though 25% said they had lost someone close to them at the appearance of symptoms.He found that these patients became angry more easily and repressed their anger more than other emotions, but that there was no indication that they symbolically localize their conflicts in specific joints.As a result of his study the author suggests that history-taking of rheumatoid arthritics should include psychological, psychiatric, and psychosocial aspects, and that treatment and management should take notice of these factors.He finds that per- ceptive understanding and sympathetic listen- ing can be quite advantageous, and the patients' chronic!inhibited rage can be dealt with in a number of ways, "one of which is squarely facing the facts of the situation and verbalizing these facts to the patient and letting the patient verbalize his anger to the physician."