tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of techniques to reduce residential lead dust on carpet and upholstery: the new jersey assessment of cleaning techniques trial.
Authors: Lih-Ming Yiin, George G Rhoads, David Q Rich, Junfeng Zhang, Zhipeng Bai, John L Adgate, Peter J Ashley, Paul J Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered vacuum cleaners are recommended by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development for cleaning lead-contaminated house dust. We performed a randomized field study to determine whether a conventional (non-HEPA) vacuum cleaner could achieve cleaning results comparable with those of a HEPA vacuum cleaner. We compared the lead loading reductions of these two vacuum cleaners in a total of 127 New Jersey homes of lead-exposed children. We used wet towelettes and a vacuum sampler to collect lead dust from carpets and upholstery before and after vacuum cleaning. The vacuum sampling data showed that the HEPA and non-HEPA vacuum cleaners resulted in 54.7% (p = 0.006) and 36.4% (p = 0.020) reductions in lead loading, respectively, when used on soiled carpets, although the overall difference in lead loading reduction between the two vacuum cleaners was not statistically significant (p = 0.293). The wipe sampling data did not show any significant lead loading reduction for either of the vacuum cleaners, suggesting that both vacuum cleaners fail to clean the surfaces of carpet effectively, considering that wipe sampling media simulate surface contact. On upholstery, the wipe sampling data showed a significant reduction in lead loading for the non-HEPA vacuum cleaner (22.2%, p = 0.047). Even with the significant reduction, the postcleaning lead loadings on upholstery were similar to those on carpets. The similar lead loading results for carpets and upholstery indicate that soiled upholstery may be as important a source of childhood lead exposure as carpets.
Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates bronchoconstriction in canine peripheral airways.
Authors: D R Gwyn, K S Lindeman, C A Hirshman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Inhaled nitric oxide has been proposed as a bronchodilator because it relaxes vascular and airway smooth muscle and attenuates cholinergic reflexes. Although inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to act as a bronchodilator in central airways, effects on peripheral airways are largely unknown. To determine whether nitric oxide produces direct relaxation of peripheral airways, we investigated the ability of nitric oxide to attenuate hypocapnia- and acetylcholine-induced constriction in the peripheral airways of anesthetized dogs. Peripheral airway resistance (RP) was measured using a wedged bronchoscope technique. RP was increased by either hypocapnia (0% CO2 through the bronchoscope for 3 min) or by aerosolized acetylcholine (30 to 60 micrograms/ml for 1 to 3 min), in the presence or absence of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide was delivered directly to the lung periphery in the absence of O2. Nitric oxide (14.5 to 250 ppm) attenuated responses to hypocapnia by 38 +/- 0 to 74 +/- 0% (n = 6) and to acetylcholine by 36 +/- 0 to 52 +/- 0% (n = 6). The ability of inhaled nitric oxide (< 100 ppm) to attenuate Rp responses to two different direct-acting stimuli suggests that nitric oxide acts as a bronchodilator in the lung periphery. The mechanism for this effect may involve relaxation of airway and/or vascular smooth muscle.
Running a Comprehensive Thyroid Clinic in a Nuclear Medicine Section- a rewarding experience
Authors: Vani Vijayakumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scientific Abstracts: Nine Poster Presentations for the 51st Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine April 7-9, 2006, Hyatt Regency, Albuquerque, New Mexico http: //www.swcsnm.org: PDF Only
The prevention of occupational cancer
Authors: P. J. Landrigan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1996)

Occupational exposures to carcinogens are widespread and can result in tragic consequences for exposed workers. Clinicians are in a unique position to identify associations between workplace exposures and human malignancy, and virtually all occupational carcinogens have first been recognized by astute clinicians. Further, occupational cancers are usually preventable, and clinicians can be very effective in triggering preventive activities by industry, unions, and public authorities.
Inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis by immobilized antigen-antibody complexes.
Authors: J L Ryan, R D Arbeit, H B Dickler, P A Henkart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Mouse spleen cells, cultured on surfaces coated with antigen-antibody complexes, are inhibited from responding to the B-cell mitogens, lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, Pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII, and poly I:C. The response to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, is also substantially inhibited by immobilized antigen-antibody complexes, but specific inhibition of the response to phytohemagglutinin is minimal. Control experiments showed that immobilized complexes prepared from IgG F(ab')2 fragments and IgA antibodies (both of which fail to bind to Fc receptors when complexed to antigen) did not show significant inhibitory activity when compared with the inhibition observed with complexes prepared from whole IgG. Suspensions of antigen-antibody complexes prepared from the same antigen and intact IgG antibody did not inhibit mitogenesis. None of the mitogens used could be demonstrated to compete with the binding of aggregated immunoglobulin to the B-cell Fc receptor. It appears that the interaction of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes and/or macrophages with immobilized complexes prevents lymphocyte activation by mitogens. It is suggested that the mechanism(s) involved may be relevant to antibody feedback control of the humoral immune response.
OntoGene in BioCreative II
Authors: Fabio Rinaldi, Thomas Kappeler, Kaarel Kaljurand, Gerold Schneider, Manfred Klenner, Simon Clematide, Michael Hess, Jean-Marc von Allmen, Pierre Parisot, Martin Romacker, Therese Vachon
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Research scientists and companies working in the domains of biomedicine and genomics are increasingly faced with the problem of efficiently locating, within the vast body of published scientific findings, the critical pieces of information that are needed to direct current and future research investment. In this report we describe approaches taken within the scope of the second BioCreative competition in order to solve two aspects of this problem: detection of novel protein interactions reported in scientific articles, and detection of the experimental method that was used to confirm the interaction. Our approach to the former problem is based on a high-recall protein annotation step, followed by two strict disambiguation steps. The remaining proteins are then combined according to a number of lexico-syntactic filters, which deliver high-precision results while maintaining reasonable recall. The detection of the experimental methods is tackled by a pattern matching approach, which has delivered the best results in the official BioCreative evaluation. Although the results of BioCreative clearly show that no tool is sufficiently reliable for fully automated annotations, a few of the proposed approaches (including our own) already perform at a competitive level. This makes them interesting either as standalone tools for preliminary document inspection, or as modules within an environment aimed at supporting the process of curation of biomedical literature.
Abstract 3726: Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a naturally occurring compound, combined with platinum-based therapies enhances apoptosis <i>in vitro</i>, and inhibits lung tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Xiang Ling, David Westover, Felicia Cao, Shousong Cao, Fengzhi Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and it is estimated more than 220,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 2011. The first-line therapy for advanced lung cancer almost always contains a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, regardless of the disease's histological profile. In vitro studies have shown that isothiocyanate compounds can sensitize lung cancer cells to cisplatin treatment, however the underlying mechanisms have not been well defined and until now, there have been no in vivo demonstrations to support the in vitro results. Our lab recently discovered that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate molecule found in cruciferous vegetables such as horseradish and mustard seeds, can sensitize lung cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Our data demonstrate that the combination of cisplatin and AITC can induce apoptosis more effectively than cisplatin alone. Furthermore, drug combination index (CI) analysis from cancer cell-based ex vivo studies showed synergistic effects between AITC and cisplatin in defined dose ranges. Mechanistic studies revealed that combination treatment of cisplatin and AITC decreases the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 and concomitantly increases caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation, hallmarks of apoptosis. Most importantly, our data demonstrate that cisplatin, in combination with orally administered AITC, shows significantly improved suppression of lung tumor growth in human lung tumor xenograft mouse models compared to cisplatin or AITC alone. Given its oral bioavailability and potential to overcome cisplatin resistance, AITC shows promise as a chemotherapeutic-sensitizer for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3726. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3726
Adherence to Treatment With Antipsychotic Medication and Health Care Costs Among Medicaid Beneficiaries With Schizophrenia
Authors: Todd P. Gilmer, Christian R. Dolder, Jonathan P. Lacro, David P. Folsom, Laurie Lindamer, Piedad Garcia, Dilip V. Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

The authors' goal was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication and health expenditures. A secondary objective was to identify risk factors predictive of nonadherence.Data included Medicaid eligibility and claims data from 1998 to 2000 for San Diego County, Calif. Pharmacy records were used to assess adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication according to the cumulative possession ratio (the number of days medications were available for consumption divided by the number of days subjects were eligible for Medi-Cal). Regression models were used to examine risk factors, hospitalizations, and costs associated with nonadherence, partial adherence, adherence, and excess fills of antipsychotic medication.Forty-one percent of Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia were found to be adherent to treatment with their antipsychotic medications: 24% were nonadherent, 16% were partially adherent, and 19% were excess fillers. Rates of psychiatric hospitalization were lower for those who were adherent (14%) than for those who were nonadherent (35%), partially adherent (24%), or had excess fills (25%). Rates of medical hospitalization were lower for those who were adherent (7%) than for those who were nonadherent (13%) or had excess fills (12%). Those who were adherent had significantly lower hospital costs than the other groups; pharmacy costs were higher among those who were adherent than among those who were nonadherent or partially adherent and were highest for excess fillers. Total costs for excess fillers (14,044 US dollars) were substantially higher than total costs for any other group.Despite the widespread use of atypical antipsychotic medications, alarmingly high rates of both underuse and excessive filling of antipsychotic prescriptions were found in Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. The high rates of antipsychotic nonadherence and associated negative consequences suggest interventions on multiple levels.
Abstract IA05: Granulocytic cells in metastasis
Authors: Swarnali Acharyya
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cancer progression is a complex process that involves tumor growth at the primary site coupled with dissemination and outgrowth at distant sites also known as metastasis. Majority of the cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis commonly occurring in the bone, lung, liver and brain. Although progress has been made in deciphering the process of tumor initiation and primary tumor growth, the molecular underpinnings and mechanisms of metastasis remain poorly understood. Given the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, there has been a growing interest in understanding the function of granulocytic myeloid cells, an abundant component of the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment. Using multiple models of breast cancer metastasis, we have characterized two distinct subpopulations of CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells in peripheral blood by RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling. The first subpopulation is abundant early before any detectable metastasis. A second subpopulation is abundant late coinciding with systemic metastasis. We have identified a network of paracrine signals between carcinoma and CXCR2 expressing CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic cells that drive metastasis. We find that CXCL1/2 chemokines from metastatic cells attract CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells, which in turn produce survival factors called S100A8/9 that promotes metastatic progression. Pharmacological inhibition of the CXCR2 axis in combination with chemotherapeutic agents significantly reduces multi-organ metastasis. We envision that a delicate balance exists between different granulocytic populations that function as a determinant of metastatic progression. Citation Format: Swarnali Acharyya. Granulocytic cells in metastasis. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA05
Pleomorphic Carcinoma of the Lung With Intrapulmonary Aerogenic Metastases on FDG PET
Authors: Tetsuo Sonomura, Yasutaka Noda, Morio Sato, Hiroki Sanda, Seigo Ishii, Nobuyuki Kawai, Hiroki Minamiguchi, Motoki Nakai, Taizo Takeuchi, Isao Takasaka, Kazushi Kishi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 59-year-old man presented with hemoptysis. Chest x-ray and computed tomography showed a cavitating mass and ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe. Positron emission tomography showed large regions of markedly increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right lower lobe consistent with primary cancer and intrapulmonary metastases, and several foci of high fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the mediastinum and left neck consistent with lymph node metastases. We concluded that ground glass opacities were not aspiration of blood but intrapulmonary aerogenic metastases. Continuous active bleeding from the right bronchus (B6) was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the right lower lobe was resected to remove the bleeding source. Pathologic findings showed pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with intrapulmonary aerogenic metastases.
The role of megsin, a serine protease inhibitor, in diabetic mesangial matrix accumulation
Authors: Shuichi Ohtomo, Masaomi Nangaku, Yuko Izuhara, Norio Yamada, Takashi Dan, Takefumi Mori, Sadayoshi Ito, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou, Toshio Miyata
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
NCI Seeks to Boost Study Participation
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE NATIONAL CANCER Institute (NCI) has mounted a big push to increase enrollment in clinical trials. It has instituted a broad-based program directed at physicians and other health professionals as well as the public. Its goal is to double the number of patients entering clinical trials each year, from 25 000 to 50 000 by 1992. If the program—now in its third month—is successful, the institute, which currently launches about 600 major trials a year, foresees increasing the number of studies it can mount and the speed at which the studies are completed. It also predicts that the costs of mounting studies will drop as patient-recruitment time shortens. To reach physicians, the NCI has adopted a promotional campaign that involves organizing seminars, placing feature stories in national and local news media, and making information on clinical trials available to patients and physicians. It is also encouraging physicians to contact Physician
Diphenylhydantoin And Arrhythmia
Authors: Sattar Farzan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In a recent report by Fulop et al (196:454, 1966) there appears to be an obvious faulty interpretation of the electrocardiograms, resulting in erroneous conclusion on the effect of diphenylhydantoin in a patient receiving replacement thyroid therapy. The first tracing, which was interpreted by the authors as atrial flutter with block, reveals characteristics of atrial  which has a rate of only 182 beats per minute. Interestingly, intravenous injection of diphenylhydantoin has simply abolished the atrioventricular block without changing the atrial rate (remaining 182 beats per minute).Therefore, supraventricular tachycardia was not due to the effect of the drug. Moreover, almost instantaneous electrocardiographic changes upon intravenous injection of diphenylhydantoin which lasted only a short period of time makes the authors' explanation of the mechanism of action of the drug in their case irrelevant. It is more likely that diphenylhydantoin had a direct effect on the cardiac
Abstract 4238: Azadirachta indica leaf extract inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by altering key signaling pathways
Authors: Pamela A. Agullo, Arunkumar Arumugam, Jacqueline Parada, Monica Gamez, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Alejandro Delgado, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It is estimated that 20-60% of cancer patients utilize some form of alternative medicine. Plant products play a major role in complimentary medicine. Azadirachta indica tree commonly known as neem has been known for centuries to possess medicinal properties like immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic. We have previously shown that A. indica leaf extract has potent anticarcinogenic capabilities in N-methyl-N-nitrosurea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer model. The aim of our study is to explore the molecular pathways through which A. indica induces mammary tumor regression. Seven week old female Lewis rats were administered MNU. On the appearance of the first palpable tumor the rats were divided into groups receiving different doses of ethanolic A. indica leaf extract (ALE): group 1 control, no treatment; group 2 0.125mg/day; group 3: 0.250mg/day; group 4: 0.500mg/day; group 5: 1mg/day. Treatment was daily for 4 weeks intraperitoneally. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after the termination of treatment and mammary tumor tissue samples were snap frozen and also fixed in formalin. To analyze key gene expression changes we performed pathway focused PCR microarrays for apoptosis, PI3-Kinase, and angiogenesis signaling pathways. Our results show that ALE induces tumor regression, decreases tumor volume, and inhibits mammary tumor growth by altering specific molecular pathways, linked to the stimulation (Bax, caspases) and inhibition (Bcl-2, CDC42)of apoptosis, up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes (PTEN), down-regulation of proto-oncogene Jun, and inhibition of cell survival (Foxg1, BTK, Akt). ALE treatment down-regulated genes fundamental to migration, adhesion and proliferation of tumor cells (EFNA1, Hif1a). Timp1 (TIMP family matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) and cyclin D1 expression exhibited a clear dose response. Our data indicates that ALE treatment inhibits mammary tumor development by altering apoptosis, PI3-Kinase and angiogenesis pathways. In conclusion, ALE could be used as a novel complimentary agent that offers anticarcinogenic effects against breast cancer and could also be used along with the current standard treatment options. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4238. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4238
The epidemiology of sports and exercise related injury in the United Kingdom.
Authors: J P Nicholl, P Coleman, B T Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

A national study of exercise related morbidity (ERM) in England and Wales was carried out using a postal questionnaire sent to 28,857 adults aged 16-45 years. The questionnaire asked about regular participation in sports or other recreational fitness activities involving physical exercise, and for details of any injuries occurring during a 28 d reference period. A return rate of 68% was achieved. Comparisons with other national data sources indicated that the information obtained was reliable. It is estimated that each year there are 29 million incidents resulting in new or recurrent injuries, however minor, of which 9.8 million (95% confidence interval 8.1 to 11.4 million) result in new 'substantive' injuries which are potentially serious, result in treatment, or in participants being unable to take part in their usual activities. Soccer accounted for more than 25% of all ERM, but the risk of a substantive injury in rugby was three times that in soccer. Over one third of ERM occurred in men aged 16-25 years. The most frequently reported injuries were sprains and strains of the lower limbs. Treatment was sought in approximately 25% of ERM incidents and 7% of all new ERM incidents involved attendance at a hospital accident and emergency department. The treatment provider most likely to be consulted was a general practitioner, but physiotherapists and complementary medicine practitioners were also consulted frequently. To maximize the health benefits of exercise, research strategies to reduce the volume and severity of ERM and to identify the most appropriate ways of managing ERM should be set.
A NEW OBSTETRIC VAGINAL SPECULUM
Authors: C. O. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In making immediate postdelivery examinations and repair work, I have for the last two years used a vaginal speculum, designed by myself, which I have found to possess a practical value that warrants its recommendation.  All vaginal specula and retractors that had previously come into my hand were, with one exception, designed and constructed for gynecologic use. It occurred to me that there should be a marked distinction in the design of gynecologic and obstetric specula. At a postdelivery examination, the speculum or retractor should be an instrument that will permit spacious exposure and at the same time be as nontraumatizing as possible, because one is dealing with tissues that have already undergone a large degree of traumatization.  With these two points in mind, I had the instrument made that is shown in Figure 1. It might be spoken of as a modified ribbon retractor, the short, or retractor arm,