tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sam Wystan Poshela Mhlongo
Authors: Gordon Stewart, Andrew Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Sam Wystan Poshela Mhlongo was educated in Soweto and was proud to be a Zulu with maternal connection to the Royal House. He opposed apartheid and was imprisoned on Robben Island, where he was close to Nelson Mandela and much influenced by him.

He went into exile from South Africa via Botswana, studied medicine in London, and became a general practitioner in London. He was president of the African-Caribbean Medical Association from 1992.

In 1998 he returned to South Africa to a foundation chair at MEDUNSA (Medical University of Southern Africa, now University of Limpopo) at the invitation of the Gauteng Health Authority and the university. President Mbeki appointed him adviser on family health with responsibilities for correcting historic problems and developing services in new communities in the Johannesburg area.

One such problem was the marked difference in extrapolations of regional and sex related prevalence of HIV/AIDS, linked largely to inaccuracies and cross reactions in serological tests. Independently, these inaccuracies had led an expert Harvard team to abandon them in their surveys in Africa. Mbeki, aware of these and other anomalies, set up a presidential advisory panel with independent international experts in 1999 to investigate reasons for them and for allegations by UNAIDS that HIV/AIDS was more prevalent in South Africa than in any other country.

Mhlongo and other local investigators knew that this was sex related, and gave priority in MEDUNSA to investigating an apparent excess of perinatal HIV/AIDS. In deliberations with experienced members of the President's Commission, including Luc Montagnier, he drew attention to the need for new approaches to break the deadlock which led the writers and subscribers of the millennial Durban Declaration to declare that “No end [was] in sight” to a pandemic of HIV/AIDS. He became known as a well-qualified African opponent of such pessimism, especially on the part of outsiders unaware that local wisdom at all levels was exploring initiatives to overcome innate inequalities between the sexes, regions, and socioeconomic groups in the richest and most advanced society in the sub-Sahara.

In these and other endeavours, Mhlongo leaves warm memories of genuine, inspired concern, commitment, and courage that he and some colleagues have maintained in the face of disparagement and threats locally and internationally. To his many friends, community, country, and international medicine, it leaves a gap in awareness and competence which will be very difficult to fill. To his family this sudden loss of a sincere and genial man is a devastating sadness. He leaves his second wife, Maria Giacomin, from Brazil and their two sons, and his first wife, Anne Morgan, and their daughter and two grandsons.

Sam Wystan Poshela Mhlongo, professor of family medicine MEDUNSA (b 1940; q Charing Cross, London, 1976; MSc, MRCGP); died in a collision with a truck on his way home from work on 6 October 2006.
Lung expression quantitative trait loci data set identifies important functional polymorphisms in the asthma-associated IL1RL1 region
Authors: Loubna Akhabir, Jean-Christophe Bérubé, Yohan Bossé, Michel Laviolette, Ke Hao, David C. Nickle, Wim Timens, Don D. Sin, Peter D. Paré, Dirkje S. Postma, Andrew J. Sandford
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Pheochromocytoma Crisis Induced by Saralasin
Authors: Francis G. Dunn, Jose G.R. De Carvalho, David C. Kem, John R. Higgins, Edward D. Frohlich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Saralasin (1-sar, 8-ala, angiotensin II), a specific vascular smooth-muscle antagonist of the pressor effect of angiotensin II,1 , 2 has been reported to offer a safe and effective means of detecting angiotensin-mediated hypertension when given by continuous infusion2 , 3 or by intravenous bolus injection.4 The pressor crisis induced by saralasin in a patient with pheochromocytoma and neurofibromatosis described below underscores certain cautions and provides fundamental information concerning possible receptor-stimulating actions in addition to the angiotensin II vascular receptor inhibition produced by this agent.Case ReportA 50-year-old man had widespread multiple neurofibromas, which had been enlarging for the past three years. He was . . .
General practitioners and hospital doctors: the great divide
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Recently I apologised for some poorly made and insensitive comments about hospital consultants. This made me reflect on an old open wound, the relationship between consultants and general practitioners. When I was a student, medical education was the preserve of hospitals. The prevailing notion was that general practitioners were on the nice but dim side and were largely just failed hospital doctors. Anybody could be a GP, went the story. Nurses and physiotherapists joined the culture of GP bashing. But hospitals were not for me, and I travelled to “GP land,” leaving behind me many doctors that I deeply respected and some I did not.

After an excellent training …
Detection of renal allograft rejection by computer.
Authors: I M Trimble, M West, M S Knapp, R Pownall, A F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A computer program incorporating an adaptation of a statistical method, the multiprocess Kalman filter, was used to detect changes in trends of plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In 28 recipients of renal allografts a definite deterioration in renal function was identified retrospectively on 32 occasions by an experienced renal physician independently of the statistical analysis. The computer identified 31 of these 32 episodes using creatinine and urea results, and 29 using creatinine alone. Dysfunction was identified by the computer significantly earlier (p less than 0.05) than by the clinician and a median of one day earlier (p less than 0.02) than treatment was actually initiated. The computer identified dysfunction on 11 out of 1259 days when the clinician did not suspect rejection. These 11 episodes may have had a pathological importance, though no clinical diagnosis was made. This computer method is useful for immediate analysis of incoming results and for timing events either prospectively or retrospectively.
Resurfacing potential of heterologous chondrocytes suspended in fibrin glue in large full-thickness defects of femoral articular cartilage: an experimental study in the goat
Authors: Job L.C. van Susante, Pieter Buma, Lein Schuman, George N. Homminga, Wim B. van den Berg, Rene P.H. Veth
Journal: Biomaterials (1999)
Health effects of an air pollution episode in London, December 1991.
Authors: H R Anderson, E S Limb, J M Bland, A Ponce de Leon, D P Strachan, J S Bower
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--In December 1991 London experienced a unique air pollution episode during which concentrations of nitrogen dioxide rose to record levels, associated with moderate increases in black smoke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this episode was associated with adverse health effects and whether any such effects could be attributed to air pollution. METHODS--The numbers of deaths and hospital admissions occurring in Greater London during the week of the episode were compared with those predicted using data from the week before the episode and from equivalent periods from the previous four years. Relative risks (RR) (episode week versus predicted) for adverse health events were estimated using log linear modelling and these were compared with estimates from control areas which had similar cold weather but without increased air pollution. RESULTS--In all age groups mortality was increased for all causes (excluding accidents) (relative risk = 1.10) and cardiovascular diseases (1.14); non-significant increases were observed for all respiratory diseases (1.22), obstructive lung diseases (1.23), and respiratory infections (1.23). In the elderly (65 + years) the relative risk of hospital admission was increased for all respiratory diseases (1.19) and for obstructive lung diseases (1.43), and a non-significant increase was observed for ischaemic heart disease (1.04). In children (0-14 years) there was no increase in admissions for all respiratory diseases and only a small non-significant increase for asthma. When compared with control areas the relative risks became non-significant but remained increased. CONCLUSIONS--The air pollution episode was associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity which was unlikely to be explained by the prevailing weather, a coincidental respiratory epidemic, or psychological factors due to publicity. Air pollution is a plausible explanation but the relative roles of nitrogen dioxide and particulates cannot be distinguished.
Thrombin generation reveals high procoagulant potential in the plasma of sickle cell disease children
Authors: Denis F. Noubouossie, Phu Quoc Lê, Francis Corazza, France Debaugnies, Laurence Rozen, Alina Ferster, Anne Demulder
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Changes in several components of the clotting system are well documented in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. However, whether the global hemostatic potential of these patients is altered is still unclear. Calibrated automated thrombogram(®) method of thrombin generation (TG) was used to characterize the hemostatic potential of 83 SCD children (75 SS, 6 SC, and 2 Sβ (thal)) at steady-state as compared with 50 controls of the same range of age. TG was triggered using 1 pM tissue factor and 4 μM phospholipids with and without thrombomodulin. Thirteen SCD children were also evaluated during vaso-occlusive crisis. Protein C activity, free protein S and D-dimers levels were measured in parallel. SCD patients showed higher rates of thrombin formation, higher thrombin peak height (with and without thrombomodulin), and higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) than controls in the presence of thrombomodulin. Reduction of ETP (RETP) in the presence of thrombomodulin was lower in SCD group compared with controls and correlated both with protein C and protein S levels. ETP, RETP, peak height, and velocity index of TG correlated with D-dimers. Compound heterozygous patients showed an intermediate hemostatic phenotype at steady-state. No significant difference was observed when comparing TG parameters during vaso-occlusive crisis to those obtained at steady-state in the same patients. The global hemostatic potential is increased and reflects the hypercoagulable state of SCD patients even at steady-state. The relevance of this finding with respect to the risk of thrombotic complications of the disease needs further investigation.
A locus for familial early–onset Alzhelmer's disease on the long arm of chromosome 14, proximal to the α1–antichymotrypsin gene
Authors: Mike Mullan, Henry Houlden, Mike Windelspecht, Liana Fidani, Chris Lombardi, Pat Diaz, Martin Rossor, Richard Crook, John Hardy, Karen Duff, Fiona Crawford
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Ventilation/Perfusion Mismatch in Septic Pulmonary Emboli From Pacemaker Infection
Authors: E C. Noguera, A Terlecki, M Mayoraz, M Amuchastegui, A Caeiro, E Romero, A E. Blua
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 40-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and a heart pacemaker type DDD-R was hospitalized with a 2-day history of fever, pleuritic pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (V/P) was done to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE). It showed multiple bilateral mismatched perfusion defects secondary to septic pulmonary embolism from an infected pacemaker lead placed in the right atrium. Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ventilation/perfusion mismatches.
609. Long Term Persistence of Canine Factor IX-Specific Th1 Lymphocytes in Regional Lymph Nodes after AAV1-Mediated Intramuscular Gene Transfer in a Hemophilia B Dog
Authors: Federico Mingozzi, Denise Sabatino, Timothy Nichols, Stephanie McCroquodale, Valder Arruda, Katherine High
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: A Perspective
Authors: Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNALis the statement of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on lowering blood cholesterol<sup>1</sup>; their recommendations are reasonable and can be supported. However, it is important at this point to review certain related issues. There is no doubt that elevated blood cholesterol levels and other "high-risk" factors, such as cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, male sex, stressful lifestyle, and strong family history, are associated with an increased risk of development of coronary artery disease. However, even if all the recognized risk factors were eliminated except for the male sex, coronary atherosclerosis and death from coronary artery disease will<i>not</i>disappear. Therefore, it needs to be recognized that we do<i>not</i>yet know the cause(s) of coronary atherosclerosis<sup>2</sup>and there is a need for continued research to discover the cause(s) and specific treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. The recent interest,
New Heart Study a Legacy for the Future
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blockade of NF-κB improves cardiac function and survival without affecting inflammation in TNF-α-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: N KAWAMURA, T KUBOTA, S KAWANO, Y MONDEN, A FELDMAN, H TSUTSUI, A TAKESHITA, K SUNAGAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

NF-kappaB, a key transcription factor that regulates inflammatory processes, has been shown to be activated in the failing human heart with enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we assessed the hypothesis that cardiotoxic effects of proinflammatory cytokines are mediated by the activation of NF-kappaB.Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of TNF-alpha were used as a model of cytokine-induced cardiomyopathy. To block the activation of NF-kappaB, transgenic mice (TG/p50(+/+)) were crossed with knockout mice in which the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB was disrupted (WT/p50(-/-)).The electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that NF-kappaB was activated in the myocardium of TG/p50(+/+) mice, while it was completely abolished in TG/p50(-/-) mice. Male TG mice died of congestive heart failure earlier than females, where the disruption of the p50 subunit significantly improved the survival. Compared with TG/p50(+/+) mice, TG/p50(-/-) mice showed a significant reduction of ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy with preserved fractional shortening. Although the myocardial expression of proinflammatory cytokines or infiltration of inflammatory cells was not affected, increased expression and activity of MMP-9 were significantly suppressed in TG/p50(-/-) mice.Blockade of NF-kappaB activation did not ameliorate myocardial inflammation but improved cardiac function and survival in male TNF-alpha TG mice. An inhibition of NF-kappaB may be a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling and heart failure, especially when proinflammatory cytokines are activated.
Antibodies to both ICAM-1 and LFA-1 do not protect the kidney against toxic (HgCl2) injury
Authors: Manuela Ghielli, Walter A. Verstrepen, Kathleen E.J. De Greef, Mark H. Helbert, Dirk K. Ysebaert, Etienne J. Nouwen, Marc E. De Broe
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Abstract 3792: Specific amino acid restriction differentially induces autophagy in DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Ya-Min Fu, Huimin Lin, Gary G. Meadows
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We previously found that selective amino acid restriction differentially induces death of DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Herein we examined the hypothesis that this differential cell death was associated with induction of autophagy. By detecting the immunofluorescence of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) by confocal microscopy, this study shows that selective amino acid restriction also differentially induces autophagy in DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines. In DU145 cells, restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine (Tyr/Phe), glutamine (Gln), and methionine (Met) induces autophagy. Addition of pyruvate significantly increases Tyr/Phe restriction-induced autophagy and significantly reduces Met and Gln restriction-induced autophagy. All of the amino acid restrictions induce cell death in DU145 cells. Pyruvate, a major metabolite of glucose metabolism, significantly reduces Tyr/Phe and Gln restriction-mediated cell death, but not Met restriction-medicated cell death. Tyr/Phe and Gln restriction induces autophagy in PC3 cells. Addition of pyruvate does not alter Tyr/Phe restriction-induced autophagy but significantly increases Met and Gln restriction-induced autophagy. Only Met restriction induces cell death in this cell line, and pyruvate addition reverses this effect. In summary, the present study indicates 1) cell line specific differences between DU145 and PC3 cells in the induction of autophagy by specific amino acid restriction, 2) lack of association between induction of autophagy and cell death, and 3) differential effects of pyruvate on autophagy and cell death. (This study was supported by grant R01CA101035 from the National Cancer Institute). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3792. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3792
M.A.O. inhibitors and headache
Authors: A. J. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1967)

the ready-made coils, and have been very helpful in providing the appropriate information on the British standard for testing this material-that is, B.S. 2463, 1962.Animal tests for toxicity are carried out on the extracts of tubing heated to 850 C.-well above the temperature used in warming blood.So far we have no evidence of harmful effects on the blood, or on patients receiving warmed blood, though the results of further testing will be published in due course.-Weare, etc.,
First trimester prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella: a laboratory investigation.
Authors: G M Terry, L Ho-Terry, R C Warren, C H Rodeck, A Cohen, K R Rees
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Acute primary maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy often, but not invariably, leads to the congenital rubella syndrome. Diagnosis by detection of virus specific IgM in the mother is not always possible, and in those cases in which IgM is detected the fetus has not necessarily also been infected. A method for direct, prenatal detection of fetal infection would allow more accurate early diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome. In this study a case of suspected preconception rubella infection that was not referred until 14 weeks after the appearance of a rash was studied to determine whether a retrospective serological diagnosis of primary rubella could be made, and whether direct evidence of fetal infection could be obtained from a chorionic villus biopsy specimen by detecting virus specific antigens or ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences. Monoclonal antibodies and a cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe were used successfully to detect antigens to rubella virus antigens and RNA sequences in the chorionic villus biopsy specimen, which was taken at 15 weeks9 gestation. This method should serve as a new approach to the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome in utero.
Principles of Addiction Medicine
Authors: Margaret R. Rukstalis, Robert Weinrieb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 October 1999Principles of Addiction MedicineMargaret R. Rukstalis, MD and Robert Weinrieb, MDMargaret R. Rukstalis, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Addiction Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Rukstalis, Weinrieb) and Robert Weinrieb, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Addiction Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Rukstalis, Weinrieb)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Second edition. Graham AW, Schultz TK, eds. 1338 pages. Chevy Chase, MD; American Soc of Addiction Medicine; 1998. $155.00. ISBN 1880425041. Order phone 301-656-3920.Field of medicine: Addiction psychiatry, internal medicine, and family practice.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians and investigators who specialize in the study and treatment of patients with substance use disorders. Psychiatrists, internists, pediatricians, family practitioners, residents, medical students, and other professionals who care for patients with addictive disorders will find the book useful as a reference.Purpose: To improve the medical and psychiatric care of patients with addictive disorders by providing a contemporary understanding of addiction ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Addiction Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Rukstalis, Weinrieb) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 635-636KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsIntoxicationMedical educationPatientsPharmacologyPopulation statisticsPublic policySoftware toolsSubstance abuse Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
866-4 Noninvasive detection of severe stenosis and total occlusion in left anterior descending artery with transthoracic doppler echocardiography in the emergency room
Authors: Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Masatake Sato, Koichi Tamita, Atsushi Yamamuro, Kunihiko Nagai, Kenichi Shiratori, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
New Penicillins—Present and Future
Authors: Richard Wise
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE EXPLOSION in the number of available "broad-spectrum" antibiotics in the last few years has mainly been due to the proliferation of the members of the cephalosporin family. In the near future, many more antibiotics will be released for use, and these will probably be penicillin derivatives. One of the most fruitful areas of research by the drug houses has been in the development of esters of ampicillin, which are better absorbed than the parent compound, and are de-esterified to ampicillin during absorption. Two such compounds now under trial in the United States or elsewhere are talampicillin and pivampicillin. The serum levels of ampicillin attained are two to three times greater than after a similar dose of ampicillin sodium.<sup>1,2</sup>It follows that urinary levels will also be greater. These drugs can only be given orally as, until de-esterified in mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, they are toxic. Pivampicillin is