tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of urine microscopy in predicting histological changes in the kidney: double blind comparison.
Authors: A Z Gyory, C Hadfield, C S Lauer
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fresh, first morning specimens of urine from 22 consecutive patients were examined by quantitative microscopy on the morning of renal biopsy; the renal biopsy samples were evaluated "blindly." Five patients showed no abnormality in the biopsy samples but eight had minimal, one mild, six moderate, and two severe histological changes. Comparison of the results of quantitative microscopy of urine with the presence or absence of histological evidence of disease showed that sensitivity was 88%, specificity 83%, accuracy 86%, positive predictive value 93%, and negative predictive value 71%. When combined with microscopy of a second urine specimen these values were 100%, 50%, 87%, 85%, and 100% respectively. There was a significant relation between number of casts and severity of the histological changes (p less than 0.01). Comparison of renal functional abnormalities with histological findings gave values of 64%, 100%, 73%, 100%, and 50% respectively. It is concluded that quantitative microscopy of the first morning specimen of urine is a sensitive test with high predictive value for the presence or absence of renal disease. If no casts are detected in two early morning specimens the likelihood of finding anything more than minimal changes in a biopsy sample is virtually zero.
Prevention of Bladder Tumours after Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicentre, Randomised Clinical Trial of a Single Postoperative Intravesical Dose of Mitomycin C (the ODMIT-C Trial)
Authors: Tim O'Brien, Eleanor Ray, Rajinder Singh, Bola Coker, Ralph Beard
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Consequences of Gestational Diabetes in an Urban Hospital in Viet Nam: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jane E. Hirst, Thach S. Tran, My An T. Do, Jonathan M. Morris, Heather E. Jeffery
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is a risk for type 2 diabetes. Evidence supporting screening comes mostly from high-income countries. We aimed to determine prevalence and outcomes in urban Viet Nam. We compared the proposed International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criterion, requiring one positive value on the 75-g glucose tolerance test, to the 2010 American Diabetes Association (ADA) criterion, requiring two positive values.We conducted a prospective cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Study participants were 2,772 women undergoing routine prenatal care who underwent a 75-g glucose tolerance test and interview around 28 (range 24-32) wk. GDM diagnosed by the ADA criterion was treated by local protocol. Women with GDM by the IADPSG criterion but not the ADA criterion were termed "borderline" and received standard care. 2,702 women (97.5% of cohort) were followed until discharge after delivery. GDM was diagnosed in 164 participants (6.1%) by the ADA criterion, 550 (20.3%) by the IADPSG criterion. Mean body mass index was 20.45 kg/m(2) in women with out GDM, 21.10 in women with borderline GDM, and 21.81 in women with GDM, p<0.001. Women with GDM and borderline GDM were more likely to deliver preterm, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.49 (95% CI 1.16-1.91) and 1.52 (1.03-2.24), respectively. They were more likely to have clinical neonatal hypoglycaemia, aORs of 4.94 (3.41-7.14) and 3.34 (1.41-7.89), respectively. For large for gestational age, the aORs were 1.16 (0.93-1.45) and 1.31 (0.96-1.79), respectively. There was no significant difference in large for gestational age, death, severe birth trauma, or maternal morbidity between the groups. Women with GDM underwent more labour inductions, aOR 1.51 (1.08-2.11).Choice of criterion greatly affects GDM prevalence in Viet Nam. Women with GDM by the IADPSG criterion were at risk of preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycaemia, although this criterion resulted in 20% of pregnant women being positive for GDM. The ability to cope with such a large number of cases and prevent associated adverse outcomes needs to be demonstrated before recommending widespread screening. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
The Chronically Well
Authors: Risa Denenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Ad Libitum6 March 2012The Chronically WellRisa Denenberg, NP, MSNRisa Denenberg, NP, MSNFrom Tacoma, WA 98405.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-5-201203060-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail queue at the doctor's office, hopingfor a visitation. They don't feel well,but that's another matter. They don't yetknow what it is to be ill. If they ask me,which seldom happens, I recommendreading Magic Mountain or Cancer Ward.Then again, they do solicit remedies.What should they do for their megrims,lethargy, catarrh, lumbago, vertigo?I can only tell them there is no curefor ordinary good health, the discomfortslife offers gamely. I encourage themto wait patiently. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Risa Denenberg, NP, MSNAffiliations: From Tacoma, WA 98405.Current Author Address: Risa Denenberg, NP, MSN; e-mail, risaden@gmail.com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 5Page: 389KeywordsVertigo ePublished: 6 March 2012 Issue Published: 6 March 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Care of the elderly in The Netherlands.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Netherlands, separated from Britain by less than 100 miles of North Sea, has a culture very similar to our own. It shares the same high population density as south east England, with just over 14 million people living in an area of 13 500 square miles (35 000 sq km).  Dutch are prosperous, they have made good use of their windfall of natural gas from the North Sea, and their stock of houses, hospitals, schools, and industrial plant has largely been rebuilt since the second world war. Now, however, they have to face the prospect of the gas running out at a time of economic stagnation. On my most recent visit to Amsterdam the streets were littered with un collected rubbish?evidence of a long drawn out strike; no post had been delivered for several weeks?again due to a strike; and the Dutch have substantial problems with drug addiction, disaffected youth, and ethnic minorities?all too familiar to the British visitor. Yet there are no bleak vistas of unreconstructed urban decay, and the visits I made to sheltered flats and nursing homes showed that the Dutch, like the Danes, used the economic prosperity of the 1960s and early 1970s to give the elderly a share of the rising living standards. In the words of one of the foundations that provide accommodation for the elderly, The care of elderly people is no longer a task for their children. Our society has grown too complicated for this duty. It is therefore society as a whole that has assumed responsibility.
Lung Diseases: State of the Art 1975-1976
Authors: Jerry G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<b>Recent Advances in Respiratory Medicine,</b>No. 1, edited by T. B. Stretton, 311 pp, with illus, $32,50, New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1976. Recently two books have appeared whose stated purpose is to give physicians interested in pulmonary disease a succinct overview of new developments. In the United States, the American Thoracic Society, with John Murray as editor, has published the second volume in the series "Lung Disease: State of the Art." Twelve essays, all of which have appeared in the<i>American Review of Respiratory Disease</i>, have been chosen for publication. The subjects, ranging from occupational lung disease to "General Anesthesia and the Lung," are comprehensive in detail and written by authorities in their field. The quality of photomicrograph and xray reproduction is excellent, while the diagrams are explicit. The essays are of the highest quality, and the price is modest for this high-quality volume. Since these essays are accessible separately
Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Management of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: S. N. Booth, G. C. Jamieson, J. P. G. King, J. Leonard, G. D. Oates, P. W. Dykes
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) estimation has been used in the preoperative assessment of colorectal carcinoma patients and has been shown to give a useful guide to the presence of metastatic disease and ultimately to a poor prognosis if the serum concentration is 100 ng/ml or more. C.E.A. has been shown to be a more reliable index of tumour spread than either clinical examination or serum alkaline phosphatase estimation. Raised C.E.A. levels of less than 100 ng/ml do not, however, necessarily imply a poor prognosis. Routine C.E.A. estimation may have a valuable role in the assessment of the colorectal cancer patient by identifying those likely to benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.The test has also been assessed in a group of patients attending cancer follow-up clinics after radical resection of a colorectal tumour. Raised C.E.A. occurred in most of those developing recurrent disease, and in several patients a rising C.E.A. level preceded clinical or biochemical evidence of recurrence. C.E.A. estimation is a superior guide and of clinical importance when applied to the follow-up of the colorectal cancer patient.
Estimating Overdiagnosis in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Brian D. Gelbman, Daniel M. Libby
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)–PLA-g–PEI amphiphilic triblock micelles for co-delivery of minicircle DNA and chemotherapeutics
Authors: Vítor M. Gaspar, Cristine Gonçalves, Duarte de Melo-Diogo, Elisabete C. Costa, João A. Queiroz, Chantal Pichon, Fani Sousa, Ilídio J. Correia
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
The Björk-Shiley aortic prosthesis: flow characteristics, thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth.
Authors: A P Yoganathan, W H Corcoran, E C Harrison, J R Carl
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth were observed in nine Björk-Shiley aortic prostheses recovered six months or longer after implantation. These pathologic findings may be attributed to the flow characteristics of the prosthesis. The open disc of the valve separates the flow into two unequal regions. Varying degrees of thrombus formation were observed in the minor outflow region, including the depression in the aortic face of the disc and the metal strut bridging this area. Tissue overgrowth was noted along the perimeter of the prosthesis adjacent to the minor outflow region. That overgrowth further reduced the available cross section for flow in this already constrained area. In vitro velocity measurements with a laser-Doppler anemometer identified a zone of stagnation about 20 mm wide near the aortic face of the disc. The average velocities in the major and minor outflow regions were around 100 and 25 cm/sec, respectively, and the corresponding peak-shear stresses were approximately 700 and 150 dynes/cm2. There is reason, then, to attribute the thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth to the stagnation zone and the low shear in the minor outflow region.
Metabolic-cognitive syndrome: A cross-talk between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vincenza Frisardi, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Davide Seripa, Cristiano Capurso, Andrea Santamato, Daniele Sancarlo, Gianluigi Vendemiale, Alberto Pilotto, Francesco Panza
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2010)
Regulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of human colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mouse model of experimental liver metastasis.
Authors: R S Warren, H Yuan, M R Matli, N A Gillett, N Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To investigate the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatic tumorigenesis, we examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 8 human colon carcinoma cell lines and in 30 human colorectal cancer liver metastases. Abundant message for VEGF was found in all tumors, localized to the malignant cells within each neoplasm. Two receptors for VEGF, KDR and flt1, were also demonstrated in most of the tumors examined. KDR and flt1 mRNA were limited to tumor endothelial cells and were more strongly expressed in the hepatic metastases than in the sinusoidal endothelium of the surrounding liver parenchyma. VEGF monoclonal antibody administration in tumor-bearing athymic mice led to a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of subcutaneous xenografts and to a marked reduction in the number and size of experimental liver metastases. In hepatic metastases of VEGF antibody-treated mice, neither blood vessels nor expression of the mouse KDR homologue flk-1 could be demonstrated. These data indicate that VEGF is a commonly expressed angiogenic factor in human colorectal cancer metastases, that VEGF receptors are up-regulated as a concomitant of hepatic tumorigenesis, and that modulation of VEGF gene expression or activity may represent a potentially effective antineoplastic therapy in colorectal cancer.
Monitoring children's growth
Authors: D M B Hall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Children whose growth is extremely abnormal are easily recognised. The aim of growth monitoring is to identify children with less obvious but treatable growth disturbances,1 2 3 4 such as growth hormone insufficiency, Turner's syndrome, and hypothyroidism.

Cheap, accurate, self calibrating equipment5 such as the Leicester height measurer and better training should ensure that children are measured accurately. Interpreting measurements is more difficult: there is no easy way of separating children with true growth problems from the more numerous “short normal” children. For this, growth charts are essential.

The Tanner-Whitehouse charts, which have been used in Britain for 30 years to assess height, weight, and head circumference, are now out of date. The average height of British children has increased (the so called secular trend). The increase in breast feeding and the “humanising” of formula feeds are responsible for more rapid weight gain in the first few months of life, followed by a deceleration. Thus the typical appearance of a weight chart for an infant born in 1995 is different from that indicated by the Tanner-Whitehouse …
Proteinuria and prenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrosis in fetal carriers of nephrin gene mutations
Authors: Jaakko Patrakka, Paula Martin, Riitta Salonen, Marjo Kestilä, Vesa Ruotsalainen, Minna Männikkö, Markku Ryynänen, Juhani Rapola, Christer Holmberg, Karl Tryggvason, Hannu Jalanko
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: L. S Schneider
Journal: BMJ (1990)

high scores and little room for improvement (that is, there was a ceiling effect).The section on evaluation also mentions the use of several other tests, including a letter cancellation task, a 10 word recognition task, and paired associate memory tests.The results of tests are omitted from the results section.Thus the methodology of this trial makes it impossible to draw any conclusions about the effect of tacrine, and the negative results reported are as open to doubt as the positive results in the original paper by Summers et al,< which Dr Chatellier and colleagues have attempted to replicate.
RENAL FUNCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL HYDRONEPHROSIS
Authors: Reuben A. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Complete obstruction of the ureter causes atrophy of the renal parenchyma, especially marked in the portions lateral to the renal sinus. The longer the duration of the obstruction, the greater is the degree of atrophy. If the obstruction is removed within 2 weeks the kidney may regain its normal structure except for a varying amount of atrophy in the lateral portions. Kidneys obstructed for 2 weeks or less may regain their normal function, as measured by the phthalein test. The longer the period of obstruction, the slower is the rate of recovery. A hydronephrosis of 7 days' duration required 40 days, and one of 14 days' duration required 152 days to recover normal function.
An Investigation of the Properties of Isopropyl Chloride
Authors: J. E. Elam, M. L. Newhouse
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MacDonald (1950) has described the anaesthetic pro- perties of isopropyl chloride ("proponesin ").This agent has now been used by one of us (J.E.) in approximately 50 cases and has been found to have all the properties that anaesthetists have long been waiting for.The induction was pleasant for both anaesthetist and patient, and with only a gas-oxygen-isopropyl- chloride sequence the most resistant patient could be smoothly led to the deepest plane of anaesthesia with- out cough or struggle.This anaesthetic seemed to be equally successful for both major and minor surgery; good muscular relaxation was provided and recovery was both rapid and pleasant.It was noticed that cardiac irregularities occurred, but, as these are not uncommon with sodium thiopentone, " trilene," and cyclopropane, they were disregarded.In order to avoid these irregu- larities, several patients were induced with gas, oxygen, and ether, and then a change was made to isopropyl chloride, but cardiac irregularities were still noticed in each case, though the patient suffered no ill effects.Unfortunately, a case of complete circulatory failure occurred.The patient, a man aged 48, was a case of moderately severe thyrotoxicosis.Before operation he had had five weeks' rest in bed and three weeks' premedication with Lugol's iodine.Electrocardiograms taken three weeks before operation showed sinus tachycardia but no evi- dence of myocardial damage.Under treatment he had gained 5 lb. (2.3 kg.) in weight and his pulse rate fell from a range of 120-110 to 90-80.For the induction of anaesthesia the nitrous-oxide-oxygen-isopropyl-chloride sequence was used.The induction was very smooth and quiet.The patient's colour was good throughout and at no time was there any indication that some difficulty might arise.An endotracheal tube was passed very easily and the patient taken into the theatre.Just 10 minutes after
Home Parenteral Nutrition in Treatment of Severe Radiation Enteritis
Authors: DONALD G. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Ten patients with radiation enteritis unresponsive to conventional medical and surgical therapy were put on long-term parenteral nutrition at home. Six of the patients are alive at home; four patients died, two from recurrent cancer. Some of the patients have been able to resume oral intake, but none have been able to discontinue parenteral nutrition. Fistulas healed or had a marked decrease in output. Two patients in our series were given prednisone and sulfasalazine without significant benefit, in contrast to previously reported clinical improvement of radiation enteritis with this therapy.
Isolation of Rubella Virus
Authors: C. Alan Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An outbreak of a febrile disease, characterized by rash and arthritis, occurred in the Houston area in the spring of 1964. Rubella virus was isolated from the throat swabs obtained from seven of 28 patients, some of whom were considered clinically to have echovirus infections, and others to have arthritis. No other viral agent was isolated from feces and throat swabs of these patients in a variety of cell cultures used in this study. The virus was isolated by measuring its property of interfering with the growth of echovirus 11 in cultures of green monkey kidney. The Houston strain of rubella virus was observed in the electron microscope and found to resemble a paramyxovirus of marked pleomorphism.
Inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion and parathyroid hormone-independent diminution of tubular calcium reabsorption by WR-2721, a unique hypocalcemic agent.
Authors: S Hirschel-Scholz, J Caverzasio, J P Bonjour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Hypocalcemia has been observed in patients receiving WR-2721 [S-,2-(3-aminopropylamino)-, ethylphosphorothioic acid]. WR-2721 is a compound that, after being dephosphorylated, provides protection of normal tissues against radio- and chemotherapy. The hypocalcemic response was accompanied by a decrease in the plasma level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and by hypomagnesemia. Our present studies in rats on the mechanism of the hypocalcemic effect of WR-2721 indicate that: (a) The phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of WR-2721 induced an equal dose-dependent decrement in plasma calcium. (b) In intact rats a maximal hypocalcemic dose of WR-2721 reduced urinary cyclic AMP excretion from 70.5 +/- 6.3 to 38.2 +/- 3.1 pmol/ml glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a level comparable to that observed (35.9 +/- 5.2 pmol/ml GFR) in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. (c) WR-2721 given to TPTX rats did not significantly interfere with the calcemic effect of bovine PTH 1-34 infused at 2.5 IU/h. Likewise, the drug did not impair the PTH actions on the renal Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) handling, and on the urine cyclic AMP excretion. (d) In TPTX rats made normocalcemic by low Pi diet, the hypocalcemic effect of WR-2721 was only about 25% of that observed in intact animals. However, it was associated with increased urine Ca per milliliter GFR, indicating a PTH-independent inhibitory effect on tubular Ca reabsorption. (e) In WR-2721-treated intact rats, prevention of hypomagnesemia by infusing magnesium chloride did not reduce hypocalcemia. In conclusion, the hypocalcemic effect of WR-2721 is not dependent upon the presence of a phosphate group in the molecule and is not causally related to hypomagnesemia. WR-2721 appears to be a unique hypocalcemic pharmacologic agent with strong inhibitory activity on PTH secretion and additional PTH-independent action on renal Ca reabsorption.
Evaluation of New Analgesics
Authors: John R. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Two new strong analgesics, butorphanol tartrate and nalbuphine hydrochloride, have recently become available. The pharmacologic actions of these mixed agonist-antagonist-type analgesics resemble those of pentazocine lactate, but the relative agonist and antagonist potencies of the drugs differ. They are effective analgesics in moderate to severe pain associated with conditions for which morphine or other opiates are used. The most commonly reported adverse reactions are those usually noted with agonists-antagonists; psychotomimetic effects seem to occur less frequently than with pentazocine. Although the abuse potential of these newer agents has been determined to be less than that of codeine or propoxyphene hydrochloride, physicians should prescribe them with the same cautions used for narcotics to prevent their possible abuse. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1465-1467, 1980)