tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Psychiatric Sequelae to Crib Death
Authors: WERNER I. HALPERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Sudden, unexplained infant deaths present acute problems in adaptation for the remaining members of affected families. A constellation of events is described here in which an older sibling of preschool age is present during the mother's discovery of the crib death. Scapegoating of the surviving child by the mother arises out of the compelling need to reduce her anxiety and guilt. This observation has special significance for the type of therapeutic intervention used.
The effects of histamine on contraction frequency, sodium influx, and cyclic AMP in cultured rat heart cells.
Authors: D McCall, C Y Lui
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Histamine has been shown to have both positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. To evaluate the chronotropic effects, spontaneously contracting monolayers of cultured rat myocardial cells were treated with histamine, 10(-7) M-10(-4) M. This resulted in a dose-dependent increase in contraction frequency reaching a maximum in 10(-5) M histamine. Contraction frequency (mean +/- SEM) increased from a control of 121 +/- 5 contractions per minute to 153 +/- 4.5, 181 +/- 9, 212 +/- 4, and 216 +/- 1 in 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-4) M histamine, respectively (for each n = 10, p less than 0.001). The effect was time-dependent, taking 30 minutes to develop fully. Changes in contraction frequency were accompanied by parallel dose- and time-dependent increases in the verapamil-sensitive sodium influx. Verapamil-sensitive sodium influx (pmol/cm2/sec) increased from a control of 10.45 +/- 1.44 (mean +/- SEM) to 24.34 +/- 2.41 and 32.57 +/- 2.35 at 10- and 30-minute treatment with 10(-6) M histamine (n = 5, p less than 0.001). These data fit the previously described relation between verapamil-sensitive sodium influx and contraction frequency in these cells. Cimetidine (10(-4) M) but not diphenhydramine (10(-4) M) abolished both the contraction frequency and sodium influx response to histamine. Subsequent studies showed a dose- and time-dependent elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) with histamine treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Living with a stoma.
Authors: K. Neale, R. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1988)

pressure.Mural thickness is assessed by measuring the distance from the echogenic mucosa to the outer oedematous wall that shows few echoes.9There are no published criteria for the normal thickness of the wall.Ancillary findings may be an asymmetric thickening of the appendix wall, periappendiceal fluid or a soft tissue mass (abscess formation), and echoes within the lumen with or without acoustic shadowing, which can represent faeces, an appendicolith, or merely pus formation.9A Japanese group separated appendicitis into three degrees of increasing severity, which it labelled catarrhal, phlegmonous, and gangrenous., It correlated widths of echo from the appendix and presence of fluid with these conditions, finding increasing appendix widths and increasingly constant presence offluid with increasing severity of appendicitis.Most of the American and European studies give high sen- sitivity (80-89%) and specificity (94-100%) for high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing acute appendicitis.'9'16 The results of other studies have not, however, been as impressive, giving sensitivities as low as 58% and specificities as low as 86%./o'' Takada et al showed that the sensitivity increased with the increasing severity of the acute appendicitis, being 100% in gangrenous and phlegmonous appendicitis but only
Applied Preventive Medicine (Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease)
Authors: H R Leavell
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1956)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Protein Kinase D1 and the β1 Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Control β1 Integrin Function via Regulation of Rap1 Activation
Authors: Ricardo B. Medeiros, Deborah M. Dickey, Heekyoung Chung, Angie C. Quale, Lakshmi R. Nagarajan, Daniel D. Billadeau, Yoji Shimizu
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Stimulation of porcine jejunal ion secretion in vivo by protein kinase-C activators.
Authors: C S Weikel, J J Sando, R L Guerrant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Microbial toxins act through cyclic nucleotide dependent (cAMP or cGMP) or cyclic nucleotide independent pathways to cause intestinal ion secretion. To explore the calcium dependent, cyclic nucleotide independent pathway that is postulated to involve protein kinase C activation, we measured protein kinase C activity and phorbol ester binding in isolated intestinal epithelial cells and examined the effects of the C-kinase activators, phorbol myristate acetate, phorbol dibutyrate, and 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, in weaned pig jejunum in vivo. We demonstrated both protein kinase C activity and specific phorbol ester binding in porcine jejunal epithelial cells. Phorbol myristate acetate, phorbol dibutyrate, and 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (10(-5) M) each caused striking secretory responses at 5 h with accumulation of Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3- intraluminally. In contrast, 4-alpha-phorbol and 4-alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, which do not affect protein kinase C, allowed normal net absorption of all electrolytes from the intestinal lumen equivalent to controls with only Ringer's lactate. Time course studies revealed significant secretion within 30 min after exposure to the C-kinase activators. These data suggest an important role for protein kinase C activation in intestinal ion secretion.
NHS in England has no obligation to provide free abortions to women from Northern Ireland, judge rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The <i>de novo</i> design of simplified porphyrin-binding helical bundles is a versatile approach for the construction of valuable biomolecular tools to both understand and enhance protein functions such as electron transfer, oxygen binding and catalysis. However, the methods utilised to design such proteins by packing hydrophobic side chains into a buried binding pocket for ligands such as heme have typically created highly flexible, molten globule-like structures, which are not amenable to structural determination, hindering precise engineering of subsequent designs. Here we report the crystal structure of a <i>de novo</i> two-heme binding “maquette” protein, 4D2, derived from the previously designed D2 peptide, offering new opportunities for computational design and re-engineering. The 4D2 structure was used as a basis to create a range of heme binding proteins which retain the architecture and stability of the initial crystal structure. A well-structured single-heme binding variant was constructed by computational sequence redesign of the hydrophobic protein core, assessed by NMR, and utilised for experimental validation of computational redox prediction and design. The structure was also extended into a four-heme binding helical bundle resembling a molecular wire. Despite a molecular weight of only 24kDa, imaging by CryoEM illustrated a remarkable level of detail in this structure, indicating the positioning of both the secondary structure and the heme cofactors. The design and determination of atomic-level resolution in such <i>de novo</i> proteins is an invaluable resource for the continued development of novel and functional protein tools.
Freshly fractured quartz inhalation leads to enhanced lung injury and inflammation. Potential role of free radicals.
Authors: V Vallyathan, V Castranova, D Pack, S Leonard, J Shumaker, A F Hubbs, D A Shoemaker, D M Ramsey, J R Pretty, J L McLaurin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Silicosis is a devastating pulmonary disease that continues to occur in industrial workplaces. Its pathogenesis is under critical evaluation, and this report provides new concepts on the possible early events that occur in lungs resulting from the inhalation of freshly fractured versus aged quartz in the development of two diverse disease entities. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical and pathologic changes in the lavagate and lungs of rats exposed to freshly fractured quartz (generated by jet milling), aged quartz (milled then aged for 2 mo prior to use), or clean air 5 h a day for 10 d over a 2-wk period. The concentration of crystalline quartz in the chambers averaged 20 mg/m3. Particle concentrations and particle size were similar for the freshly milled and aged quartz exposures. However, free radical concentrations associated with the freshly milled quartz samples were significantly higher than those for aged quartz. After a 2-wk exposure, animals were killed and studied by bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary histopathology. Inhalation of aged quartz increased the number of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, demonstrated histopathologic evidence of increased pulmonary infiltrates, showed enhanced concentrations of biochemical markers of lung injury, increased lipid peroxidation, and the ability of pulmonary phagocytes to produce more oxygen radicals. In general, all these pulmonary responses were significantly more pronounced after inhalation of freshly fractured quartz compared with aged quartz. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes showed decreased concentrations in the freshly fractured quartz-exposed group compared with the aged quartz-exposed animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Msx2 promotes cardiovascular calcification by activating paracrine Wnt signals
Authors: Jian-Su Shao, Su-Li Cheng, Joyce M. Pingsterhaus, Nichole Charlton-Kachigian, Arleen P. Loewy, Dwight A. Towler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

In diabetic LDLR–/– mice, an ectopic BMP2-Msx2 gene regulatory program is upregulated in association with vascular calcification. We verified the procalcific actions of aortic Msx2 expression in vivo. CMV-Msx2 transgenic (CMV-Msx2Tg+) mice expressed 3-fold higher levels of aortic Msx2 than nontransgenic littermates. On high-fat diets, CMV-Msx2Tg+ mice exhibited marked cardiovascular calcification involving aortic and coronary tunica media. This corresponded to regions of Msx2 immunoreactivity in adjacent adventitial myofibroblasts, suggesting a potential paracrine osteogenic signal. To better understand Msx2-regulated calcification, we studied actions in 10T1/2 cells. We found that conditioned media from Msx2-transduced 10T1/2 cells (Msx2-CM) is both pro-osteogenic and adipostatic; these features are characteristic of Wnt signaling. Msx2-CM stimulated Wnt-dependent TCF/LEF transcription, and Msx2-transduced cells exhibited increased nuclear β-catenin localization with concomitant alkaline phosphatase induction. Msx2 upregulated Wnt3a and Wnt7a but downregulated expression of the canonical inhibitor Dkk1. Dkk1 treatment reversed osteogenic and adipostatic actions of Msx2. Teriparatide, a PTH1R agonist that inhibits murine vascular calcification, suppressed vascular BMP2-Msx2-Wnt signaling. Analyses of CMV-Msx2Tg+ mice confirmed that Msx2 suppresses aortic Dkk1 and upregulates vascular Wnts; moreover, TOPGAL+ (Wnt reporter); CMV-Msx2Tg+ mice exhibited augmented aortic LacZ expression. Thus, Msx2-expressing cells elaborated an osteogenic milieu that promotes vascular calcification in part via paracrine Wnt signals.
Three-dimensional virtual operations can facilitate complicated surgical planning for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry: a case report
Authors: Shingo Hara, Masaharu Mitsugi, Takahiro Kanno, Akihiko Nomachi, Takehiko Wajima, Yukihiro Tatemoto
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

This article describes a case we experienced in which good postsurgical facial profiles were obtained for a patient with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry, by implementing surgical planning with SimPlant OMS. Using this method, we conducted LF1 osteotomy, intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO), sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), mandibular constriction and mandibular border genioplasty. Not only did we obtain a class I occlusal relationship, but the complicated surgery also improved the asymmetry of the frontal view, as well as of the profile view, of the patient. The virtual operation using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) could be especially useful for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry.
Angiotensin II stimulates early proximal bicarbonate absorption in the rat by decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Authors: F Y Liu, M G Cogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

These studies explored the hypothesis that angiotensin II increases bicarbonate absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) by decreasing intracellular cAMP. In vivo microperfusion was performed in rat PCT with measurements of bicarbonate absorption and of tubular fluid cAMP delivery, as a reflection of intracellular cAMP. Intravenous angiotensin II potently increased S1 PCT bicarbonate absorption (348 +/- 11 to 588 +/- 8 peq/min.min, P less than 0.001) and decreased tubular fluid cAMP (18 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 2 fmol/mm.min, P less than 0.05). Parathyroid hormone had the expected opposite effects, which were additive to those of angiotensin II. Over a wide range of hormonal activities, there was an excellent inverse relationship between hormonally modulated bicarbonate absorption and cAMP delivery. Pertussis toxin pretreatment significantly attenuated (by 35-45%) the angiotensin-induced increase in bicarbonate absorption and decrease in cAMP delivery, indicating Gi-protein intermediation. Luminal dibutyryl cAMP abolished the transport response to angiotensin II. In conclusion, these in vivo results suggest angiotensin II stimulates bicarbonate absorption in the S1 PCT by a G1-mediated depression in intracellular cAMP.
Abstract 751: Mass balance, excretion and metabolism of [14C] ASA404 in cancer patients in a phase I trial
Authors: Mark McKeage, Peter Fong, Kevin Hong, Jimmy Flarakos, James Mangold, Yancy Du, Chiaki Tanaka, Horst Schran
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the mass balance, excretion and metabolism of the small molecule flavonoid tumor vascular disrupting agent ASA404 in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Seven cancer patients were given a single dose of 3000 mg [14C] ASA404 by intravenous infusion over 20 minutes prior to collection of samples of plasma, urine and faeces. Pharmacokinetic samples were analysed by HPLC, liquid scintillation counting, mass spectrometry, glusulase treatment and comparison to authentic standards. Descriptive pharmacokinetic parameters were generated by non-compartmental analysis. Results: Mass balance was achieved (mean recovery of radioactivity in excreta = 86.9% of the dose) with balanced excretion between urine (mean recovery of radioactivity in urine = 53.9% of dose) and faeces (mean recovery of radioactivity in faeces = 33.3% of dose). ASA404 was eliminated as parent drug, three known metabolites (6-hydroxy-ASA404, ASA404 acyl glucuronide and 6-hydroxy-ASA404 acyl glucuronide) and as two novel metabolites (an ASA404 dimer and an ASA404 dimer glucuronide conjugate). Unchanged ASA404 was the major radioactivity component detected in plasma within the first 24 hours after dosing. At later time-points, irreversibly protein bound ASA404 and all of the metabolites that had been detected in excreta, contributed to total plasma radioactivity. Conclusion: This study defined the substantial excretion of ASA404, mainly as metabolites, in both urine (over half of the dose) and faeces (about one third of the dose) after intravenous administration. Two novel metabolites were identified that were not reported by previous studies using nonradioactive techniques. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 751. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-751
The Value of the Combination of Antegrade and Retrograde Cholangiography in the Diagnosis of Bile Duct Obstruction
Authors: H. Huchzermeyer, G. Luska, P. Otto, E. Seifert
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

In 3 out of 5 cases in which we have performed antegrade and retrograde cholangiography the diagnostic value of such combinations in cases with bile duct obstructions is demonstrated. In these cases ERCP showed an abruption of the filling of the bile duct. The antegrade cholangiography using PTC, which seems to have less complications than percutaneous or peritoneoscopic transhepatic cholangiography, gave us additional information about the anatomical condition of the duct system up to the stenosis. Only by this combination of ERCP and PTC an exact diagnosis of kind and cause of the obstruction was possible. Furthermore, we also received information in order to project the following surgical intervention. Based on our experiences we offer the course of proceeding to diagnose cases of obstructive jaundice in the best manner.
Mutations in TRPV4 cause an inherited arthropathy of hands and feet
Authors: Shireen R Lamandé, Yuan Yuan, Irma L Gresshoff, Lynn Rowley, Daniele Belluoccio, Kumara Kaluarachchi, Christopher B Little, Elke Botzenhart, Klaus Zerres, David J Amor, William G Cole, Ravi Savarirayan, Peter McIntyre, John F Bateman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Dendritic Cells Inhibit CD8+ T Cell Function via <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Metabolism
Authors: Lyse A. Norian, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Leigh A. O'Mara, Jovanny Zabaleta, Augusto C. Ochoa, Marina Cella, Paul M. Allen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Dendritic cells (DC) have a critical effect on the outcome of adaptive immune responses against growing tumors. Whereas it is generally assumed that the presence of phenotypically mature DCs should promote protective antitumor immunity, evidence to the contrary does exist. We describe here a novel mechanism by which tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) actively contribute to the suppression of protective CD8(+) T-cell-based antitumor immunity. Using the BALB/NeuT model of spontaneously arising mammary carcinoma, we found that canonical MHC II(+)/CD11b(+)/CD11c(high) TIDCs act as regulatory DCs to suppress CD8(+) T-cell function, resulting in diminished T-cell-based antitumor immunity in vivo. Stimulation of naive T cells with regulatory TIDCs resulted in an altered cell fate program characterized by minimal T-cell expansion, impaired IFNgamma production, and anergy. Suppression by regulatory TIDCs overcame stimulatory signals provided by standard DCs, occurred in the absence of cognate interactions with T cells, and was mediated primarily by arginase metabolism of l-arginine. Immunosuppressive TIDCs were found in every murine tumor type examined and were phenotypically distinct from tumor-infiltrating CD11c(int-low)/CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment, MHC II(+) TIDCs can function as potent suppressors of CD8(+) T-cell immunity.
Endothelium-derived prostaglandin I2 controls the migration of eosinophils
Authors: Viktoria Konya, Eva M. Sturm, Petra Schratl, Eckhard Beubler, Gunther Marsche, Rufina Schuligoi, Irmgard Th. Lippe, Bernhard A. Peskar, Akos Heinemann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
THE ECONOMIC LIMITATIONS OF THE VISUAL ACUITY IN VARIOUS TRADERS AND PROFESSIONS.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The central acuity lies within well-known physiologic limits. When it falls below this, the function itself is damaged, but the conditions met with in practice are not such that the physiologic and earning limitations of the central visual acuity are interdependent; for instance, science calls an individual blind only when perception of light has entirely disappeared, but in actual practice he is blind if the faculty of sight has been weakened to such an extent that the organ of vision can not be used to earn a living. Thus the meaning of blindness as used in daily life is much narrower than that of science. Now and then extremely great demands may be made upon certain organs which may reach to the highest ability. In actual, practice we are satisfied with the amount of labor which does not strain the powers. There is hardly any vocation which demands the extreme
Effect on lipoprotein profile of replacing butter wit margarine in a low fat diet: randomised crossover study with hypercholesterolaemic subjects
Authors: A. Chisholm, J. Mann, W. Sutherland, A. Duncan, M. Skeaff, C. Frampton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations when butter or an unsaturated margarine is used for cooking or spreading in a reduced fat diet. <b>Design</b>: Randomised crossover study with two intervention periods of six weeks9 duration separated by a five week washout. <b>Setting</b>: Community setting in New Zealand. <b>Subjects</b>: 49 volunteers with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and baseline total cholesterol concentration in the range 5.5-7.9 mmol/l. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein, Lp(a) lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B 100, and apolipoprotein AI. <b>Results</b>: Concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were about 10% lower with margarine than with butter. Lp(a) lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar with the two diets. <b>Conclusion</b>: Despite concerns about adverse effects on lipoproteins of trans fatty acids in margarines, the use of unsaturated margarine rather than butter by hypercholesterolaemic people is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages These findings suggest that the relatively small amounts of trans fatty acids that are typically present in unsaturated margarine have no adverse effects on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations The effects of unsaturated margarine on oxidation of low density lipoproteins are still to be examined Nevertheless, unsaturated margarine seems to be an appropriate substitute for saturated fat in diets recommended to people with hyperlipidaemia
Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, anti‐thymocyteglobulin, and low‐dose total body irradiation conditioning enables 1‐HLA‐locus‐mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for very severe aplastic anemia without affecting ovarian function
Authors: Shinya Okuda, Kiriko Terasako, Kumi Oshima, Miki Sato, Hideki Nakasone, Shinichi Kako, Rie Yamazaki, Yukie Tanaka, Aki Tanihara, Takakazu Higuchi, Junji Nishida, Yoshinobu Kanda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia from an alternative donor is associated with higher risks of graft rejection and severe graft-versus-host disease. We developed a conditioning regimen consisting of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and low-dose total body irradiation. Two adult female patients with transfusion-dependent very severe aplastic anemia underwent 1-locus mismatched transplantation using this regimen. Both patients achieved stable engraftment and the clinical course thereafter was uneventful with persistently normal ovarian function. This novel conditioning regimen may be suitable for alternative donor transplantation for severe aplastic anemia, especially in young female patients.