tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelet protein phosphorylation, elevation of cytosolic calcium, and inositol phospholipid breakdown in platelet activation induced by plasmin.
Authors: A I Schafer, A K Maas, J A Ware, P C Johnson, S E Rittenhouse, E W Salzman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Studies have been performed on the biochemical mechanism of platelet activation induced by the fibrinolytic protease plasmin. In washed human platelets, greater than or equal to 1.0 caseinolytic units (CU/ml plasmin induced aggregation. Platelet [14C]serotonin release was stimulated by 1.0 CU/ml plasmin to an extent comparable to that induced by 1.0 U/ml thrombin. A dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of the platelet 47,000- and 20,000-kD proteins was noted in 32PO4-labeled platelets incubated with plasmin; phosphorylation was not affected by extracellular Ca2+, but was completely inhibited by an increase in platelet cyclic AMP. Phosphorylation of these platelet proteins suggested that plasmin may act on platelets by stimulating a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Cai2+]) and activating inositol phospholipid-dependent phospholipase C and protein kinase C. Using both quin2 fluorescence and aequorin luminescence as indicators, plasmin was found to elevate platelet [Cai2+] in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. Phospholipase C activation was shown by the generation of [3H]diglyceride in [3H]arachidonic acid-labeled platelets and [32P]phosphatidic acid in 32PO4 labeled platelets exposed to plasmin. Plasmin did not induce formation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Only small amounts of this eicosanoid were detected late in the time course after plasmin stimulation. Our results indicate that plasmin causes platelet aggregation and secretion associated with phosphorylation of the 47,000- and 20,000-kD proteins, Ca2+ mobilization, and phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation.
Elevated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity provokes Eph/ephrin-facilitated adhesion of pre-B leukemia cells
Authors: Sabine H. Wimmer-Kleikamp, Eva Nievergall, Kristina Gegenbauer, Samantha Adikari, Mariam Mansour, Trina Yeadon, Andrew W. Boyd, Neill R. Patani, Martin Lackmann
Journal: Blood (2008)
Detection of Pyonephrosis Using Dual Isotope Imaging Technique
Authors: MICHAEL H. TRAN, NOLAN K. SAKOW, JASON H. DOREY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Dual isotope imaging with Ga-67 and Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) can assist in identifying pyonephrosis. A 70-year-old man with retroperitoneal fibrosis developed fever of unknown origin following bilateral ureteral stent placement. Ga-67 scan reveals focal, intense activity in the left flank. Tc-99m MAG3 renogram shows a focus of photon deficiency in the superior pole of the left kidney. This photopenic lesion corresponds with the intense Ga-67 activity. The pyonephrosis was diagnosed and confirmed with fine-needle aspiration. This diagnosis was not clear from the CT scan, which demonstrated persistent hydronephrosis of the left kidney. Subsequently, the patient was found to have a duplicated left collecting system. The upper pelvis had not been stented and became infected secondary to lack of drainage.
Abstract 257: Targeted inhibition of mutant k-ras by siRNA in pancreatic cancer cells results in increased sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy
Authors: Neda Jabbari, George W. Daneker, John F. McDonald
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer patients are frequently resistant to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy due to secondary mutations in k-ras. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancer patients where the frequency of k-ras mutations is exceptionally high. A variety of therapeutic strategies to target RAS effector pathways have been pursued with limited success. We report here on the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence oncogenic k-ras in a pancreatic cancer cell line with the goal of sensitizing the cells to anti-EGFR chemotherapies. The AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line expresses EGFR and is homozygous for the mutant k-ras GAT (GGT to GAT in codon 12) allele resulting in the constitutive activation of downstream pathways and reduced apoptotic function. We independently transfected (lipofectamine 2000) AsPC-1 with two siRNAs, one targeted to the mutant (si-k-ras GAT) and one to the wild type (si-k-ras GGT) alleles. We found that levels of k-ras expression (RT-PCR) were significantly reduced after si-k-ras GAT transfection but not after si-k-ras GGT transfection indicating target specificity against the mutant allele. As a preliminary test of the potential clinical utility of si-k-ras GAT mediated inhibition, we measured the relative viability (Tox-8 assay) of AsPC-1 cells transfected with si-k-ras GAT and the EGFR inhibitors Gemcitabine and Erbitux. The results demonstrate a significant increase in sensitivity to both drugs in cells transfected with si-k-ras GAT. We conclude that siRNA mediated inhibition of mutant k-ras may be a promising method by which to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to anti-EGFR therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 257. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-257
Pattern of sensitization to Blomia tropicalis and its recombinant allergens in four tropical asian populations
Authors: Dawn Lc Lim, Lynette Pc Shek, Wiqar A Shaikh, Karnen Baratawidjaja, Muthita Trakultivakorn, Pakit Vichyanond, Nge Cheong, Kaw Yan Chua, Bee Wah Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Choosing a First-Line Antidepressant
Authors: Gregory Simon
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship between structure and fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat hearts.
Authors: D Feuvray, J Plouët
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied mitochondrial structure and intermediates of fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria isolated from ischemic hearts. By electron microscopy, no structural difference was detected between mitochondria isolated from control hearts and from ischemic hearts receiving glucose as the only substrate. However, major differences were observed in mitochondria obtained from control and ischemic hearts receiving both glucose and palmitate. These hearts contained a higher portion of damaged mitochondria. However, measurements of marker enzyme activities failed to show that more mitochondria were lost during the isolation procedure in ischemic than in control hearts. Many densely staining areas (or amorphous densities) were observed in the isolated mitochondria of ischemic hearts. These amorphous densities have an appearance similar to that observed in the intact ischemic heart under the same perfusion conditions. Levels of long-chain acyl-CoA in mitochondria isolated from hearts receiving glucose alone were practically the same for control and ischemic hearts and were only slightly increased in mitochondria of ischemic hearts receiving both glucose and palmitate. On the other hand, levels of long-chain acyl carnitine in mitochondria of ischemic hearts were twice those found in control hearts. The mitochondrial level of long-chain acyl carnitine was approximately four times higher in the ischemic hearts receiving palmitate compared to those receiving no palmitate. This rise in long-chain acyl carnitine levels in mitochondria isolated fom ischemic hearts receiving palmitate may be related to modifications of the mitochondrial structure and to the appearance of amorphous densities.
Medical Scientists and Health News Reporting: A Case of Miscommunication
Authors: Miriam Shuchman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The public is poorly served by the coverage of medical science in the general press.Scientists and physicians blame the press, claiming that journalists are careless in their reporting, subject to competitive pressures, and ignorant of the scientific process. Journalists accuse the medical community of limiting access to information and erecting barriers to the public dissemination of medical research. In many areas of health news reporting, the underlying problem is an interactive dynamic that involves scientists and journalists. Both parties share the responsibility for accurate communication to the public. This report suggests ways to improve health news reporting, focusing on four problem areas: sensationalism, biases and conflicts of interest, lack of follow-up, and stories that are not covered.
Impairment of cilia architecture and ciliogenesis in hyperplastic nasal epithelium from nasal polyps
Authors: Ying Ying Li, Chun Wei Li, Siew Shuen Chao, Feng Gang Yu, Xue Min Yu, Jing Liu, Yan Yan, Liang Shen, William Gordon, Li Shi, De Yun Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Occupational exposure to polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and biphenylenes after an electrical panel and transformer accident in an office building in Binghamton, NY.
Authors: A Schecter, T Tiernan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and tri- and tetrachlorinated benzene-containing electrical transformer was involved in an explosion and fire in a modern office building in Binghamton, New York, on February 5, 1981. Because of an unusual system of air shafts the entire building and adjacent garage became contaminated with toxic chemicals. Polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and biphenylenes were formed as pyrolytic by-products. Before the extent of the chemical contamination was appreciated workers were exposed to these chemicals. Four years after the explosion and after the expenditure of over $22 million for cleaning and other expenses, the building remains closed.
Abstract 4814: Hepatocarcinogenesis induced by transgenic expression of hepatitis B virus in mice
Authors: Bing Na, Zhiming Huang, Bing Sun, Qian Wang, J.-H. James Ou, Limin Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important risk factor of HCC. However, it remains unclear whether HBV plays any direct role in carcinogenesis. We have established two independent transgenic mouse lines expressing a mutant HBV (“preS2 mutant”) that is found at a significant higher frequency in people with HCC than those without. These mice do not show any evidence of chronic liver injury, but by 2 years of age a majority of the male mice developed hepatocellular neoplasms, including HCC. We also found a significant increase in hepatocarcinogenesis independent of inflammation in a transgenic mouse line expressing wildtype HBV. The significant increase of HCC incidence in all three HBV transgenic lines argues that HBV contributes directly to the development of HCC in the absence of chronic inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response activation and β-catenin truncation/mutation were found in the HCC samples, which may contribute to the hepatocacinogenesis. To screen other candidate genes critical in the HCC development, we performed mouse whole genome microarray analysis and identified a group of genes whose expression levels increased in the livers of the HBV transgenic mice and often further increased in HCC compared to that of the non-transgenic littermates. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we confirmed the expression pattern in 8 out of 10 selected genes that are known to involve in the control of cell survival/proliferation, mobility and intercellular signaling. Among the eight genes, Fabp5 encodes a retinoic acid-binding protein that is known to be overexpressed in various types of human tumors, including HCC, and is implicated in tumor cell survival and proliferation. We also found that Fabp5 is highly expressed in HCC cell lines and in the HCC of our HBV transgenic mice by Western Blot. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining confirmed that hepatocytes in HCC overexpress Fabp5. More importantly, Fabp5 expression is significantly elevated in the liver of 4-month old HBV transgenic mice long before HCC development. Therefore our findings suggest that HBV expression may disrupt regulation of proteins important for cell survival and proliferation and contribute directly to hepatocarcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4814. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4814
Randomised controlled trial comparing oral and intravenous rehydration therapy in children with diarrhoea.
Authors: A Mackenzie, G Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effectiveness of oral rehydration in children with moderate dehydration caused by gastroenteritis, and to compare the complications of oral and intravenous treatment. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial. SETTING--Emergency department and infectious diseases ward in a large urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS--111 children aged 3-36 months who had been previously healthy, had had diarrhoea for seven days or less, had clinical signs of dehydration, and were not in shock. Six children were withdrawn because the diagnosis was incorrect (four in oral group, two in intravenous group) and one (oral group) was withdrawn at her parents9 request. INTERVENTIONS--Oral rehydration fluid was given by mouth or nasogastric tube, or both to 52 children. The remaining 52 received intravenous rehydration fluids but were allowed to drink. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Success or failure of rehydration. Number of times child vomited or passed stool after starting treatment. Time taken to rehydrate. RESULTS--Oral treatment failed in two children (failure rate 3.8%, upper 95% confidence limit 11.6%) and intravenous treatment in none. Vomiting was more common in the oral group (p less than 0.01): 26 of 50 children (52%) in the oral group and 11 of 50 (22%) in the intravenous group vomited during rehydration. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the number of stools passed during rehydration (p = 0.09). None of the children had serious complications of treatment. CONCLUSION--Rehydration by mouth or nasogastric tube is a safe and effective treatment for moderately dehydrated children with gastroenteritis.
Drug eluting stents in patients with diabetes
Authors: P. Agostoni, F. V. d. Branden
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Long term aspirin and clopidogrel are key to improving safety 

A quarter of people who need myocardial revascularisation have diabetes. After coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions, these patients have worse outcomes than those without diabetes.1 They have more extensive coronary atherosclerosis, accelerated plaque progression, an increased rate of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, and faster progression of bypass graft disease after bypass surgery.2 Randomised trials have indicated that—especially in terms of repeated revascularisation procedures—coronary artery bypass surgery is more effective than percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stents in patients with diabetes, particularly in multivessel coronary disease.1 In the linked meta-analysis (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1331), Stettler and colleagues compare the effectiveness and safety of sirolimus eluting stents, paclitaxel eluting stents, and bare metal stents in people with and without diabetes.3 

Because of local pharmacological inhibition of restenosis, drug eluting stents reduce the need for repeated revascularisation compared with bare metal stents. It was hoped that these stents would be as effective as coronary artery bypass surgery, even in patients with diabetes. However, in the past two years there …
Constitutive activation of STAT5 and Bcl-xL overexpression can induce endogenous erythroid colony formation in human primary cells
Authors: Loïc Garçon, Christine Rivat, Chloé James, Catherine Lacout, Valérie Camara-Clayette, Valérie Ugo, Yann Lecluse, Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli, William Vainchenker
Journal: Blood (2006)
The politics of scientific reputation
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1996)

There can be few attributes more influential than one's reputation. It can make (or break) a career by helping (or otherwise) to ease promotion, capture funding, attract coworkers, gain media attention, and increase peer approval. All of these serve to keep up momentum in a career. Although important, reputations are difficult to quantify, and their foundations are often elusive. Scientific Reputations, the final programme in a four part series investigating political aspects of science, seeks to address this.

The programme takes as its premise the assumption that anybody who gains a Nobel prize in science …
Conserved Enhancer Elements in Human and Mouse Renin Genes Have Different Transcriptional Effects in As4.1 Cells
Authors: Yan Yan, Craig A. Jones, Curt D. Sigmund, Kenneth W. Gross, Daniel F. Catanzaro
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Despite the strong conservation of proximal 5′-flanking DNA sequences, cell transfection and transgenic animal studies have failed to provide a unifying hypothesis to explain the expression of both mouse and human renin genes. Recently, sequences contained in the mouse Ren -1 C gene 5′-flanking DNA (–2866 to –2625) were shown to contain an enhancer-like element that stimulates Ren -1 C promoter activity in renin-expressing As4.1 cells ≈80-fold. Earlier studies using transgenic mice had suggested that this same region is required for the cell-specific expression of mouse renin genes. Since existing human renin genomic clones lack sequences homologous to the mouse renin enhancer, we isolated several human P1 and P1 artificial chromosome genomic clones that contain &gt;80 kb spanning the human renin gene. Analysis of these clones by Southern blot hybridization and long-range polymerase chain reaction showed that they contain sequences homologous to the mouse enhancer at ≈12 kb upstream of the transcription start site. Mouse and human sequences were 59% identical over a 650-bp region that contained the minimal enhancer from the mouse Ren -1 C gene. However, a 1-kb fragment containing the entire human enhancer homology failed to stimulate human renin promoter activity in transiently transfected As4.1 cells. Further deletional analysis showed that a 220-bp region of the human sequence highly conserved in the mouse Ren -1 C gene exhibited up to 47-fold transcriptional stimulation, although this was lower than the maximal effect exhibited by the minimal mouse enhancer (223-fold). Taken together, these observations suggest that sequences surrounding the conserved enhancer core stimulate enhancer activity in the mouse gene but suppress activity in the human gene. The high transcriptional activity of the mouse enhancer may have evolved to support the exceptionally high plasma renin concentrations found in mice. However, the enhancer core and surrounding conserved sequences may play an additional role in directing cell specificity.
Serum Gastrin in Patients with Peptic Ulceration
Authors: D. J. Byrnes, J. D. Young, D. J. Chisholm, L. Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The fasting serum level of gastrin was determined by radioimmunoassay in 41 normal subjects, 27 patients with duodenal ulceration, 12 patients with gastric ulceration, and 8 patients following "complete" vagotomy. The patients with duodenal ulceration had significantly higher serum levels of gastrin (1.3 +/- S.D. 0.7 ng./ml.) than normal subjects (0.4 +/- S.D. 0.3 ng./ml.), patients with gastric ulceration (0.4 +/- S.D. 0.4 ng./ml.), or post-vagotomy patients (0.15 +/- S.D. 0.2 ng./ml.).The gastrin secretion in both normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulceration was responsive to protein ingestion, but a larger incremental secretion of gastrin occurred in the latter group. Hyperglycaemia significantly suppressed the serum level of gastrin in both groups. The patients with gastric ulceration had fasting and postprandial serum gastrin levels not significantly different from normal subjects.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Melphalan
Authors: STEPHEN B. HOWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

We administered melphalan by the intraperitoneal route to investigate its toxicity and pharmacokinetics. The drug was instilled with 2 litres of fluid and allowed to dwell in the peritoneal cavity for 4 hours. No local toxicity was detected by clinical examination, laboratory tests, or histologic examination. The intraperitoneal route allowed for an increase in the dose to approximately three times the maximum dose tolerated intravenously before drug leaking into the systemic circulation produced dose-limiting myelosuppression. The peak peritoneal concentration averaged 93-fold greater than the plasma concentration, and total drug exposure for the peritoneal cavity averaged 63-fold greater than that for plasma. Tumor regressions were observed in patients with ovarian carcinoma and gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. This study shows that from the pharmacologic point of view, if any portion of the tumor can be reached by intraperitoneal instillation, then there is a very strong rationale for the administration of melphalan by the intraperitoneal route, rather than the oral or intravenous route, for the treatment of tumors confined to the peritoneal cavity.
UTERINE MYOMATA COMPLICATING PREGNANCY.WITH CASES.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The probability of conception by a woman who suffers from myomatous growths of the uterus will depend on their situation. Growths of the submucous or interstitial varieties increase the disposition to sterility, not so much from the presence of the tumor as from the accompanying endometritis which is certain to be associated with intrauterine growths. Subperitoneal and interstitial growths which do not especially encroach on the uterine cavity should not interfere with the occurrence of conception. One would naturally expect that uterine growths would partake of the greatly increased current of nutrition which is directed toward the uterus with the advent of pregnancy and become larger. In the majority of cases this is what occurs. A growth which has been quiescent frequently actively increases in size, while growths which were immature often under the stimulation of pregnancy attain very great size. The increase in size is not always a result