tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review of therapeutically equivalent alternatives to short acting beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists delivered via chlorofluorocarbon-containing inhalers
Authors: D A Hughes, A Woodcock, T Walley
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> To study the transition from metered dose inhalers using chlorofluorocarbons as propellants (CFC-MDIs) to non-CFC containing devices, a systematic review was conducted of clinical trials which compared the delivery of salbutamol and terbutaline via CFC-MDIs and non-CFC devices. <h3>METHODS</h3> Papers were selected by searching electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane, and BIDS) and further information and studies were sought from pharmaceutical companies. The studies were assessed for their methodological quality. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Fifty three relevant trials were identified. Most were scientifically flawed in terms of study design, comparison of inappropriate doses, and insufficient power for the determination of therapeutic equivalence. Differences between inhaler devices were categorised according to efficacy and potency. Most trials claimed to show therapeutic equivalence, usually for the same doses from the different devices. Two commercially available salbutamol metered dose inhalers using a novel hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a as propellant were equally as potent and efficacious as conventional CFC-MDIs, as were the Rotahaler and Clickhaler dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Evidence suggests that a dose of 200 μg salbutamol via CFC-MDI may be substituted with 200 μg and 400 μg of salbutamol via Accuhaler and Diskhaler DPIs, respectively. Terbutaline delivered via a Turbohaler DPI is equally as potent and efficacious as terbutaline delivered via a conventional CFC-MDI. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> When substituting non-CFC containing inhalers for CFC-MDIs, attention must be given to differences in inhaler characteristics which may result in variations in pulmonary function.
Training to Competence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Plea for Continuous Measuring of Objective End Points
Authors: O. W. Cass
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Apprentice is derived from the Latin apprehendere, meaning “to seize”. Physicians have seized the skills needed to perform procedures in the same way that apprentices have learned since the days of the mediaeval guilds: by watching someone work. We have known for hundreds of years that some apprentices are skilled well before others. Similarly, some apprentices have better hand-eye coordination, others, a better fund of knowledge. How have we distinguished between them? The opinion of the master or mentor has been supreme.
PENICILLIN IN PEANUT OIL AND BEESWAX FOR THE TREATMENT OF EARLY SYPHILIS.
Authors: HERMAN N. BUNDESEN, JACK RODRIQUEZ, GEORGE X. SCHWEMLEIN, GEORGE E. PARKHURST, SEYMOUR WEINSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article PENICILLIN IN PEANUT OIL AND BEESWAX FOR THE TREATMENT OF EARLY SYPHILIS. Get access HERMAN N. BUNDESEN, M.D., HERMAN N. BUNDESEN, M.D. Chicago Intensive Treatment Center, Venereal Disease Control Program, Chicago Board of Health, in co‐operation with the United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JACK RODRIQUEZ, M.D., JACK RODRIQUEZ, M.D. Chicago Intensive Treatment Center, Venereal Disease Control Program, Chicago Board of Health, in co‐operation with the United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GEORGE X. SCHWEMLEIN, M.D., GEORGE X. SCHWEMLEIN, M.D. Chicago Intensive Treatment Center, Venereal Disease Control Program, Chicago Board of Health, in co‐operation with the United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GEORGE E. PARKHURST, M.D., GEORGE E. PARKHURST, M.D. Chicago Intensive Treatment Center, Venereal Disease Control Program, Chicago Board of Health, in co‐operation with the United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SEYMOUR WEINSTEIN, M.D. SEYMOUR WEINSTEIN, M.D. Chicago Intensive Treatment Center, Venereal Disease Control Program, Chicago Board of Health, in co‐operation with the United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1951, Pages 302–306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13730.x Published: 01 August 1951
Optimal Design of a Single Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Derived from Serotypes 1 and 2 to Achieve More Tightly Regulated Transgene Expression from Nonhuman Primate Muscle
Authors: Pierre Chenuaud, Thibaut Larcher, Joseph E Rabinowitz, Nathalie Provost, Béatrice Joussemet, Hermann Bujard, Richard J.S Samulski, Philippe Moullier, David Favre
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector supports long-term transgene expression from skeletal muscle in most mammals, including human. In some instances, the requirement for tight control of the transgene expression is expected. The original tetracycline-dependent system using the rtTA (Dox-on) transactivator displayed a baseline activity in the off state but improved versions are now available and need to be evaluated in a single-rAAV-vector strategy. In the present study we cloned, in three different orientations, the two expression cassettes responsible for doxycycline-mediated transgene regulation and further evaluated the basal and inducible activity of the recently described rtTA2S-S2, rtTA2S-M2, and rtTA2S-M2nls transactivators. Evaluations were conducted in vivo in mice and nonhuman primates using the respective homologous erythropoietin cDNA as a reporter gene because of its sensitive detection by ELISA. The woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element sequence was also introduced to enhance further the stringency with respect to basal activity in the absence of inducer.
Effects of Withdrawal of Inhaled Steroids in Men with Severe Irreversible Airflow Obstruction
Authors: AIDAN O'BRIEN, PATRICIA RUSSO-MAGNO, ARJUN KARKI, SONCHAI HIRANNIRAMOL, MARQUETTE HARDIN, MARYANN KASZUBA, CHARLES SHERMAN, SHARON ROUNDS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Inhaled corticosteroid therapy has proven efficacy for asthmatics, but the benefit for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is less well supported. We hypothesized that withdrawal of inhaled steroids in elderly patients with severe irreversible airway obstruction would not lead to a deterioration in respiratory function. We designed a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study to follow spirometry, quality of life questionnaire, six-minute (6-min) walk test, and sputum markers of inflammation during a 6-wk placebo treatment period and a 6-wk treatment period with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 336 microg/d. There were 24 men receiving BDP who entered the study; 15 completed the study. Their mean age was 66.9 +/- 1.9 yr, and mean FEV(1) was 1.61 +/- 0.1 L (47% of predicted). There was a significant decrease in the mean FEV(1 )while using the placebo inhaler (1.70 L versus 1.60 L, baseline versus placebo: 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.195; p < 0.05). There was a decrease in the mean percentage change in FEV(1) for the study subjects during the placebo treatment period as compared with the BDP treatment period (-6.28 versus 5.03%, placebo versus BDP: 95% CI, -23.38 to 0.76; p = 0.06). Six-minute walk test results and sputum analysis for cell count and differential were not significantly different during placebo and BDP treatment periods. Borg scale assessment of dyspnea after exercise was increased while using the placebo inhaler as compared with baseline, and decreased during the BDP treatment period. Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) scores revealed no significant difference between placebo and BDP. This study has demonstrated that in elderly patients with severe irreversible airway obstruction, withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroid therapy leads to a deterioration in ventilatory function and increased exercise-induced dyspnea.
Radiofrequency Catheter Modification of Sinus Pacemaker Function Guided by Intracardiac Echocardiography
Authors: Jonathan M. Kalman, Randall J. Lee, Westby G. Fisher, Michael C. Chin, Phillip Ursell, Carol A. Stillson, Michael D. Lesh, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The sinus P wave arises from a pacemaker complex distributed along the crista terminalis. We investigated the feasibility of modification of sinus pacemaker function using graded applications of radiofrequency energy along the crista terminalis in dogs to achieve sinus rate control.Modification of sinus pacemaker function (30 +/- 5% reduction in intrinsic heart rate with retention of a normal P-wave axis) was performed in 11 dogs (group 1). Total sinus pacemaker ablation (> 50% reduction in intrinsic heart rate with development of a low ectopic atrial or a junctional rhythm) was performed in 4 dogs (group 2). Intracardiac echocardiography was used to identify the crista terminalis as an anatomic marker of sinus node location. Sinus pacemaker modification caused a significant decrease in intrinsic heart rate (31% reduction, P < .001), heart rate responsiveness to isoproterenol (30% reduction, P < .0001), and average (20% reduction, P = .0002) and maximal (22% reduction, P = .0007) heart rates during 24-hour Holter monitoring. In 6 of the 11 animals, the targeted rate reduction of 30 +/- 5% was accurately achieved (mean, 31.6 +/- 4.3%; P < .001), and in the other 5, significant reduction of intrinsic heart rate was achieved but with greater variation (28.0 +/- 17.3%, P < .005). Corrected sinus node recovery time was not prolonged. After modification, earliest activation was mapped to the crista terminalis inferior to the lesion in all animals. In long-term follow-up (3.7 +/- 1.0 months), effects were maintained. After total sinus pacemaker ablation, junctional and low atrial escape pacemakers were unstable.This study demonstrates the feasibility of modification of sinus pacemaker function for sinus rate control using catheter-based radiofrequency ablation guided by intracardiac echocardiography. This can be done while pacemaker stability and attenuated responsiveness to autonomic influences are preserved. Intracardiac echocardiography accurately defined the crista terminalis and provided a reliable means to anatomically localize catheter position in relation to the sinus node.
Abolition of ischemic response to atrial pacing following aortocoronary bypass surgery.
Authors: B I Jugdutt, S J Lee, R F Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To determine the effect of successful aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS) on left ventricular (LV) function, the ischemic response to right atrial pacing (RAP) was studied in 22 angina patients before and 3.8 +/- 1.1 months after surgery. All patients were free of angina after ACBS and had at least one patent graft. Before ACBS, RAP induced angina in 15 patients (Group 1) but not in 7 patients (Group 2). After ACBS, no patient had angina with RAP despite the increased maximum rate of pacing. Post-pacing LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) after ACBS decreased in Group 1 from 25 +/- 6 to 15 +/- 6 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), but not in Group 2. Changes in ejection fraction, cardiac output, resting LVEDP, or LVEDP after LV angiography were not significant in either group and were therefore not useful in evaluating the result of ACBS. However the ischemic response to right atrial pacing was abolished by successful aortocoronary bypass surgery, suggesting improved myocardial perfusion during stress.
Reversible Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Interferon Alfa Therapy in AIDS Patients with Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: L R Deyton, R E Walker, J A Kovacs, B Herpin, M Parker, H Masur, A S Fauci, H C Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

INTERFERON alfa is a leukocyte-derived glycoprotein with immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antiviral properties. Recombinant interferon alfa has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma, hairy-cell leukemia, and condyloma acuminatum.1 , 2 In addition, interferon alfa has recently been shown to have antiretroviral effects in the early stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma.3 , 4 Well-documented adverse effects of interferon therapy include a flu-like syndrome with fever, chills, and myalgias; malaise; anorexia; fatigue; bone marrow suppression; elevated levels of aminotransferase; and gastrointestinal discomfort. Neurologic and . . .
<i>Thistle Blossoms</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunopathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hans-Anton Lehr, Tolga Atilla Sagban, Christian Ihling, Ulrich Zähringer, Klaus-Dieter Hungerer, Matthias Blumrich, Kurt Reifenberg, Sucharit Bhakdi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — On the basis of our concept that atherosclerosis has an immunopathological background, we tested whether activation of the innate immune system influences its progression. Methods and Results — Hypercholesterolemic (0.5% wt/wt diet) rabbits received either repeated intravenous injections of endotoxin ( Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 1.25 to 2.5 μg, once per week) or a self-limiting cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection with or without a quinolone antibiotic. Measured laboratory parameters, including LDL and HDL cholesterols, were similar in the different groups of hypercholesterolemic animals. All endotoxin-treated animals developed transient episodes of fever after endotoxin administration. The extent of atherosclerosis was evaluated by computer-assisted morphometry in the aortas en face (Sudan IV) and by histology at 8 weeks after start of the experiments. Endotoxin-treated animals exhibited significantly accelerated atherosclerosis compared with control animals (141±38 versus 45±16 mm 3 total lesion volume, n=7 to 9 rabbits each, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions — Nonspecific stimulation of the innate immune system accelerates cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. These data support the concept that atherosclerosis has an immunopathological component and render it improbable that a single infectious agent should assume particular importance in its initiation or progression.
Bacterial Contamination of a Phenolic Disinfectant
Authors: N. A. Simmons, D. A. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Twenty ward stock bottles of aqueous 1% Printol were examined and 17 were found to be contaminated with Alcaligenes faecalis. Organisms were present in dead space behind the plastic liners of the bottle caps, where they could have survived washing. A. faecalis was also isolated from 31 out of 34 1% Printol solutions in use in the hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown from two samples of 1% Printol in one ward, but not from stock bottles. The minimal bactericidal concentration (M.B.C.) in aqueous solution of Hycolin, Sudol, and Stericol for A. faecalis and Ps. aeruginosa was 1 in 320. The M.B.C. of Printol for both organisms was 1 in 80. The activity of all four disinfectants was reduced in the presence of large amounts of organic matter. Sudol was the least affected. Polyethylene, of which stock bottles were made, did not reduce the activity of the disinfectants. It is suggested that, ideally, stock bottles of disinfectant diluted ready for use should be autoclaved before they are refilled.
A CASE OF POISONING BY POTASSIUM CHLORATE
Authors: Stefan Ansbacher
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Cases of fatal poisoning by potassium chlorate are seldom encountered at present, although a number were reported during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Jacobi<sup>1</sup>reported eleven cases in 1879, and Wegschneider<sup>1</sup>thirty in 1880. Rosenbloom,<sup>2</sup>in 1912, reported the case of a woman who died after ingesting about 50 Gm. The only one that I have been able to find in the more recent literature (1930) is that of Bernstein.<sup>3</sup>In that case of 1910 a mentally diseased army officer, aged 33, ate an entire tube of Pebeco Tooth Paste on an empty stomach, corresponding, in the opinion of the author, to 7.5 Gm. of potassium chlorate. He explained the toxicity of this small dosage on the ground that it was taken while the patient was fasting. In the light of an earlier analysis by Buri,<sup>4</sup>who found 50 per cent of chlorate in
Assessment of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures by Doppler in the Presence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sherif F. Nagueh, Helen A. Kopelen, Miguel A. Quin˜ones
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Although Doppler echocardiography can be used to estimate left ventricular filling pressures (LVFPs) in patients in sinus rhythm, its utility in atrial fibrillation is unknown.An initial training population of 30 patients (17 men, 13 women: mean age, 69 +/- 9 years; range, 48 to 87 years) was studied. Measurements of LVFP were obtained simultaneously with pulsed Doppler recordings of mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocities and color M-mode recording of the flow propagation velocity of the mitral inflow. Measurements were averaged over 10 cardiac cycles. In addition, left atrial volume was derived from the apical four-chamber view. Significant relations were observed between LVFP and several parameters derived from the transmitral and pulmonary venous velocity and left atrial volume. The best relations were observed with the peak acceleration (PkAcc) of the mitral velocity (r = .84), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (r = .76), mean early (E) velocity (r = .6), and the ratio of peak E velocity to color M-mode flow propagation velocity (r = .65). The best model obtained by multilinear regression analysis (r = .88) included PkAcc and IVRT. The equation LVFP = 22+0.005 (PkAcc)-0.183(IVRT) was tested in 30 additional patients (12 women and 18 men: mean age, 65 +/- 10.6 years; range, 43 to 87 years) with similar results (r = .87). When all 60 patients were combined, the mean +/- ISD difference between predicted and observed pressure was -0.88 +/- 3.6 mm Hg.LVFPs can be estimated with Doppler echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Quality assurance in Finland.
Authors: H. Vuori
Journal: BMJ (1992)

improvement.These lie principally in educating and 1 EllisBW,MichieHR,EsufaliST,PyperRJD,DudleyHAF.Developmentof X'-~/ encouraging users to remember to enter appropriate a microcomputer-based system for surgical audit and patient administration: and accurate key words and to check the completed 2 Dunn DC.Audit of a surgical firm by microcomputer: five years' experience.record at each consultation, especially at the end of a
Relationship between Aortic Valve Calcification and the Development of Coronary Collateral in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bilal Geyik, İbrahim Özyamaç, Özcan Özdemir, Mustafa Yılmaztepe, Çağdaş Kaynak, Selçuk Öztürk, Gökay Taylan, Flora Özkalaycı, Aykut Yılmaz, Yücel Kaçmaz, Ali Manav, Uğur Özkan, Kenan Yalta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Use of Appropriate Initial Treatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Arnold L. Potosky, Linda C. Harlan, Karen Albritton, Rosemary D. Cress, Debra L. Friedman, Ann S. Hamilton, Ikuko Kato, Theresa H.M. Keegan, Gretchen Keel, Stephen M. Schwartz, Nita L. Seibel, Margarett Shnorhavorian, Michele M. West, Xiao-Cheng Wu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundThere has been little improvement in the survival of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients aged 15 to 39 years relative to other age groups, raising the question of whether such patients receive appropriate initial treatment.
ACCURACY OF A POSITIVE ADENOSINE STRESS PERFUSION CMR TO IDENTIFY A SIGNIFICANT CULPRIT VESSEL STENOSIS
Authors: Angela Bertaso, James D. Richardson, Adam J. Nelson, Dennis Wong, Hussam Tayeb, Angelo Carbone, Benjamin K. Dundon, Payman Molaee, Kerry Williams, Matthew I. Worthley, Karen Teo, Stephen G. Worthley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns-Reply
Authors: Peter B. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> One purpose of our article was to point out that Dr Wolfe's<sup>1</sup>published conclusions go far beyond his data base; in particular, he has stated that mammographic parenchymal patterns should be used to influence the planning of mammographic screening programs. For this reason it is important that our study population differ from Dr Wolfe's referred patient population: his conclusions can be adequately tested only in a population-based study. Moreover, his suggestion that mammographic parenchymal patterns can be used in selecting women for prophylactic mastectomy has unfortunately already been put into practice by others (1980;244:287). We were unable to refer to the cooperative effort Dr Wolfe mentions because we have neither received the 100 original films we sent him for evaluation nor have we received any list of his classification of these consecutively numbered films. As he has assured us several times that our films have been returned,
Prying Open the Door to the Tobacco Industry's Secrets About Nicotine
Authors: Richard D. Hurt, Channing R. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

In 1994 the state of Minnesota filed suit against the tobacco industry. This trial is now history, but its legacy will carry on into the 21st century because of the revelations contained in the millions of pages of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents made public in the trial. In this article, we review representative documents relating to nicotine addiction, low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes, and cigarette design and nicotine manipulation in cigarette manufacture. These documents reveal that for decades, the industry knew and internally acknowledged that nicotine is an addictive drug and cigarettes are the ultimate nicotine delivery device; that nicotine addiction can be perpetuated and even enhanced through cigarette design alterations and manipulations; and that "health-conscious" smokers could be captured by low-tar, low-nicotine products, all the while ensuring the marketplace viability of their products. Appreciation of tobacco industry strategies over the past decades is essential to formulate an appropriate legislative and public policy response. We propose key elements for such legislation and urge no legal or financial immunity for the tobacco industry.