tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1385: The ATP-binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1)-mediated Apolipoprotein A-I Lipidation Occurs at the Plasma Membrane and not in the Endocytic Compartments
Authors: Maxime Denis, Yves D Landry, Xiaohui Zha
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) is required for the biogenesis of HDL through the lipidation of lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). ApoA-I has been suggested to internalize with ABCA1, presumably to acquire lipids from the endosomal compartments, an important hub for cholesterol trafficking. The aim of our work is to determine how apoA-I get endocytosed and whether this internalization contributes to the biogenesis of HDL. When examined by confocal microscopy, we found that Cy3.5-apoA-I endocytosed rather slowly (t 1/2 = 15 min, in baby hamster kidney cells expressing ABCA1) and poorly co-localized with transferrin, consistent with a pathway independent of clathrin-coated pits. ApoA-I was instead found perfectly co-localized with FITC-dextran, a bulk phase uptake marker and, at later time points, with LysoTracker. This strongly indicates that majority of internalized apoA-I was delivered to the lysosomes. ABCA1 was not found to co-localize with endocytosed apoA-I. Similar observations were obtained in mouse macrophages and normal human fibroblasts. Next, in order to determine the functional significance of endocytosis to cholesterol efflux, we used sucrose or latrunculin A to inhibit apoA-I endocytosis. We show that apoA-I, transferrin and dextran uptake were abolished, but cholesterol efflux was not decreased. To specifically determine whether internalized apoA-I contributes to the biogenesis of HDL, we developed a method to strip off apoA-I from the cell surface. Our results show that internalized apoA-I do not significantly contribute to the biogenesis of HDL (&lt; 20%). Together, our results suggest that the plasma membrane is the main platform where ABCA1-mediated lipidation of apoA-I occurs. Internalized apoA-I is mostly targeted for lysosomal degradation and therefore does not significantly contribute to the biogenesis of HDL.
Antioxidant metabolism during blood storage and its relationship to posttransfusion red cell survival
Authors: Neil A. Lachant, Nancy A. Noble, Byron A. Myrhe, Kouichi R. Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The status of the erythrocyte antioxidant defense system and its relationship to posttransfusion red cell survival were determined in erythrocytes stored for 35 or 42 days in CPD‐A1 anticoagulant with a saline‐adenine‐glucose additive. As storage progressed, there was a significant increase in incubated Heinz body formation (P &lt; .001) and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) stability (P &lt; .001). Stimulated pentose phosphate shunt activity also declined during storage (P &lt; .06), while unstimulated shunt activity remained unchanged. The increase in Heinz body formation was associated with decreased GSH stability (r = –.77, P &lt; .001), which in turn was associated with the decline in stimulated pentose shunt activity (r = .67, P &lt; .001). The changes in Heinz body formation (r = ‐.85), GSH stability (r = .83). and stimulated pentose shunt activity (r = .54) were all significantly (P &lt; .001) related to the decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of the erythrocyte. Red cell survival 24 hours after transfusion was significantly related to the GSH stability (r = .80, P &lt; .001) and to the ATP concentration (r = .76, P &lt; .005) on the day of transfusion. Thus, dysfunction of the erythrocyte antioxidant defense system occurs during blood storage and appears to be related, in part, to ATP depletion. The ability to maintain a normal reduced glutathione concentration during oxidant stress appears to be an important determinant of red cell survival in the peritransfusion period.
Decreasing Hospital Length of Stay for Bronchiolitis by Using an Observation Unit and Home Oxygen Therapy
Authors: David R. Sandweiss, Michael B. Mundorff, Tracy Hill, Doug Wolfe, Tom Greene, Seth Andrews, Tiffany S. Glasgow
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Pediatric observation units (OUs) offer the opportunity to safely and efficiently care for common illnesses previously cared for in an inpatient setting. Home oxygen therapy (HOT) has been used to facilitate hospital discharge in patients with hypoxic bronchiolitis. It is unknown how implementation of a hospitalwide bronchiolitis treatment protocol promoting OU-HOT would affect hospital length of stay (LOS).To test the hypothesis that using OU-HOT for bronchiolitis would decrease LOS.Retrospective cohort study at Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.Uncomplicated bronchiolitis patients younger than 2 years admitted during the winter seasons of 2005 through 2011.Implementation of a new bronchiolitis care process encouraging use of an OU-HOT protocol.Mean hospital LOS, discharge within 24 hours, emergency department (ED) bronchiolitis admission rates and ED revisit/readmission rates, and inflation-adjusted cost.A total of 692 patients with bronchiolitis from the 2010-2011 bronchiolitis season were compared with 725 patients from the 2009-2010 season. Implementation of an OU-HOT protocol was associated with a 22.1% decrease in mean LOS (63.3 hours vs 49.3 hours, P < .001). Although LOS decreased during all 6 winter seasons, linear regression and linear quantile regression analyses for the 2005-2011 LOS data demonstrated a significant acceleration in the LOS decrease for the 2010-2011 season after implementation of the OU-HOT protocol. Discharges within 24 hours increased from 20.0% to 38.4% (P < .001), with no difference in ED bronchiolitis admission or ED revisit/readmission rates. After implementation of the OU-HOT protocol, the total cost per admitted case decreased by 25.4% ($4800 vs $3582, P < .001).Implementation of an OU-HOT protocol for patients with bronchiolitis safely reduces hospital LOS with significant cost savings. Although widespread implementation has the potential for dramatic cost savings nationally, further studies assessing overall health care use and cost, including the impact on families and outpatient practices, are needed.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided interstitial chemotherapy in the pancreas: results in a canine model
Authors: S. Sun, S. Wang, N. Ge, T. Lei, Q. Lu, Z. Zhou, A. Yang, Z. Wang, M. Sun
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de S. Sun et al., pp. 530Endoscopy 2007; 39(06): 578-579DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306946
Effects of distance from a heavily transited avenue on asthma and atopy in a periurban shantytown in Lima, Peru
Authors: Lauren M. Baumann, Colin L. Robinson, Juan M. Combe, Alfonso Gomez, Karina Romero, Robert H. Gilman, Lilia Cabrera, Nadia N. Hansel, Robert A. Wise, Patrick N. Breysse, Kathleen Barnes, Juan E. Hernandez, William Checkley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Defense of Medical Use of Cocaine
Authors: R. Brian Smith
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  We read with interest Dr. Schenck's defense (230:651, 1974) for the continued use of cocaine topical anesthesia in anesthesiology and otolaryngology. As practicing anesthesiologists, we agree that at the present time there is no other topical anesthetic available that equals cocaine in effectiveness and duration.  We agree that the use of cocaine with epinephrine is unnecessary and dangerous. Cocaine has a local vasoconstrictive effect in contradistinction to most other local anesthetics that have a vasodilating effect. The danger of using epinephrine with cocaine is that cocaine prevents the reuptake of epinephrine by the adrenergic neurons. 1,2   When cocaine is used, the following are recommended: (1) The dose must be controlled. The AMA Drug Evaluations (ed 2) recommends that the dose should not exceed 1 mg/kg of body weight, using a 1% to 4% solution. (2) Epinephrine and other adrenergic drugs should not be used. (3) It must
Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man--1: A case controlled study.
Authors: S A Parkes, S B Baker, R E Bourdillon, C R Murray, M Rakshit
Journal: Thorax (1987)

There is an ongoing shift in opinion about expected asset returns. Ex ante equity returns are less transparent and thus more open to question than ex ante bond returns. Long-term equity returns have traditionally been predicted from historical average market returns, but today they are increasingly predicted using dividend discount models. Realized average returns are misleading guides for the future when expected returns vary over time, and our recent bear market has made investors more aware of forward-looking expected return measures; the starting price matters. Neither of two types of "expected returns"—objectively feasible long-run returns and subjective (often hoped-for, extrapolative) return expectations—can be directly observed, but we can try to estimate them by analyzing historical returns, investor surveys, and market valuation indicators. Objectively feasible equity returns have been low for several years (5%–8%), but subjective return expectations have begun to moderate only recently. The divergence between objective and hoped-for returns was extraordinarily wide around 2000; while the gap has narrowed since, it may not have fully closed.
Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Systems: Engineering the Algorithms
Authors: Francis J. Doyle, Lauren M. Huyett, Joon Bok Lee, Howard C. Zisser, Eyal Dassau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

In this two-part Bench to Clinic narrative, recent advances in both the preclinical and clinical aspects of artificial pancreas (AP) development are described. In the preceding Bench narrative, Kudva and colleagues provide an in-depth understanding of the modified glucoregulatory physiology of type 1 diabetes that will help refine future AP algorithms. In the Clinic narrative presented here, we compare and evaluate AP technology to gain further momentum toward outpatient trials and eventual approval for widespread use. We enumerate the design objectives, variables, and challenges involved in AP development, concluding with a discussion of recent clinical advancements. Thanks to the effective integration of engineering and medicine, the dream of automated glucose regulation is nearing reality. Consistent and methodical presentation of results will accelerate this success, allowing head-to-head comparisons that will facilitate adoption of the AP as a standard therapy for type 1 diabetes.
Carcinoid Tumor, Atrophic Gastritis, and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: MERCEDES BIOSCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985Carcinoid Tumor, Atrophic Gastritis, and Iron Deficiency AnemiaMERCEDES BIOSCA, M.D., FERNANDO GARCIA-BRAGADO, M.D., MARIANO DE LA FIGUERA, M.D., JOAQUIN MADRENAS, M.D., ANTONIO SALAS, M.D.MERCEDES BIOSCA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FERNANDO GARCIA-BRAGADO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARIANO DE LA FIGUERA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOAQUIN MADRENAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANTONIO SALAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-416_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: In their description of the newly identified syndrome of gastric atrophy and multiple carcinoid tumors, Carney and associates (1) emphasized its association with pernicious anemia. We recently have seen a patient with the syndrome who presented with iron-deficiency anemia.A 49-year-old woman was hospitalized with weakness, fatigue, and pallor. An hysterectomy had been done at age 40 for a uterine myoma, and she had had adult-onset diabetes mellitus from age 44. At admission a severe hypochromic microcytic anemia was detected; her hemoglobin level was 5 g/dL; serum iron, 20 µg/dL (normal, 52 to 155); and serum ferritin,...References1. CARNEYGOFAIRBANKSMOOREALPORTNORA JVVSEF. The syndrome of gastric argyrophil carcinoid tumors and nonantral gastric atrophy. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:761-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CARUSOBEARDWOODMAXWELLWAGNER MDRC. Gastric atrophy and carcinoid tumors [Letters]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:459. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MORGANKAISERJOHNSON JCW. Gastric carcinoid (gastrinoma); associated with achlorhydria (pernicious anemia). Cancer. 1983;51:2332-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital General "Valle Hebron," Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona 08035 Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 416-417KeywordsAtrophyCarcinoid tumorFatigueGastritisHemoglobinHysterectomyIron deficiency anemiaPernicious anemiaSerum ferritin levelsType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Regional Heterogeneity of Human Myocardial Infarcts Demonstrated by Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: João A. C. Lima, Robert M. Judd, Ann Bazille, Steven P. Schulman, Ergin Atalar, Elias A. Zerhouni
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myocardial reperfusion is pivotal to the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In these patients, coronary flow is generally assessed by angiography and tissue perfusion by tracer scintigraphy. This study was designed to examine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information on myocardial perfusion and damage beyond that supplied by angiography and thallium scintigraphy after acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Twenty-two patients with recent myocardial infarction had ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and fast contrast-enhanced MRI. Twelve patients also had exercise thallium scintigraphy. Time-intensity curves obtained from infarcted and noninfarcted regions were correlated with coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. Two perfusion patterns were observed in infarcted regions by comparison with the normal myocardial pattern. All patients but 1 had persistent myocardial hyperenhancement within the infarcted region up to 10 minutes after contrast. In 10 patients, this hyperenhanced region surrounded a subendocardial area of decreased signal at the center of the infarcted region associated with coronary occlusion at angiography, Q waves on ECG, and greater regional dysfunction by echocardiography. Moreover, the extent and location of the MRI abnormalities correlated well with the extent and location of the fixed single-photon emission computed tomography thallium defects. Conclusions Large human infarcts, associated with prolonged obstruction of the infarct-related artery, are characterized by central dark zones surrounded by hyperenhanced regions on MRI. Conversely, reperfused infarcts with less regional dysfunction have uniform signal hyperenhancement. The MRI hyperenhanced segment correlates well with the fixed scintigraphic defect in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
To scan or not to scan in headache
Authors: Peter J Goadsby
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Some patients with primary headaches may need imaging 

Some life threatening brain disorders present with secondary headache, where the headache is caused by the disease. A brain tumour, for example, is best diagnosed by brain imaging early in the course of the disease, which is essential for optimal management of this and other secondary headache disorders. However, brain tumours, as an example, account for less than 0.1% of the lifetime prevalence of headache.1 This contrasts with the fact that most headaches in the community are either associated with mild systemic infection or due to primary headache,1 where the headache is itself the disorder. Dissecting primary from secondary headache is the problem, since, by definition, primary headache does not need brain imaging because no disease process exists that leads to macroscopic change in general terms.

How does one dissect primary from secondary headache? This question can have only a clinical response since no controlled trials have been conducted to identify causes of secondary headache. In clinical practice we generally accept that the so called red flags of headache should trigger a search for secondary headache.2 Thus change in the pattern of headache; new …
Metabolic Syndrome and Incident End-Stage Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Jianjun Wang, Sanna Ruotsalainen, Leena Moilanen, Päivi Lepistö, Markku Laakso, Johanna Kuusisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We investigated the relationship of the metabolic syndrome and its single components, defined by four different criteria, with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in a prospective population-based study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the American Heart Association (updated NCEP) criteria. We investigated the relationship of the metabolic syndrome defined by the aforementioned four criteria with PVD (revacularization and amputation) by Cox regression analyses in a Finnish population of 1,212 subjects, aged 65–74 years, with and without diabetes during a 14-year follow-up. RESULTS—The metabolic syndrome defined by the WHO, NCEP, and updated NCEP criteria was associated with a statistically significant risk for incident PVD (n = 57) with adjustment for all confounding variables except for prevalent diabetes (hazard ratios [HRs] from 1.91 to 2.62). After adjustment for prevalent diabetes or after the exclusion of subjects with prevalent diabetes, there was no association between the metabolic syndrome by any criteria and incident PVD. Of the single components of the metabolic syndrome, elevated fasting glucose by the WHO and NCEP criteria (HR 2.35) and microalbuminuria by the WHO definition (2.56) predicted PVD in multivariable models (prevalent diabetes included). CONCLUSIONS—The metabolic syndrome defined by the WHO, NCEP, and updated NCEP criteria predicted incident end-stage PVD in elderly Finns but only when not adjusted for diabetes status. Two of the single components of the metabolic syndrome, elevated fasting plasma glucose and microalbuminuria, predicted PVD. We conclude that the metabolic syndrome predicts PVD but not above and beyond the risk associated with diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Aspergilloma as a Complication of Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: John Chambers, Christopher Blauth, Clifford Bucknall, Susannah Eykyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. Three years after radio-frequency ablation of the atrioventricular nodes, followed by the implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker, a 59-year-old man had gradual onset of fever and left-sided chest discomfort. He had no history of immunocompromise or pulmonary disease. Three sets of blood cultures were sterile. The chest radiograph showed minimal enlargement of the cardiac shadow and clear lung fields. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a mass attached to the tricuspid valve, with mild tricuspid regurgitation (Panel A; LA denotes left atrium, LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, and RA right atrium). The pacemaker was replaced with a temporary electrode. Culture . . .
Control and exacerbation of asthma: a survey of more than 3000 French physicians
Authors: P. Demoly, B. Crestani, C. Leroyer, A. Magnan, N. Mounedji, M. Humbert
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Asthma control and prevention of exacerbations are primary objectives for asthma care. However there is a lack of universal definition of these notions which may therefore have a different meaning according to the physician's practice. Methods: In the present survey, 1805 general practitioners, 551 pulmonologists, 176 allergologists and 470 resuscitation/emergency care physicians were randomly selected in fall 2001 and asked to answer one question on asthma control and three questions on asthma exacerbation. Results: Regarding asthma control, the presence of minimum symptoms was the primary criterion for asthma specialists (pulmonologists and allergologists), while a normal respiratory function was first considered by nonspecialist physicians (general practitioners and emergency care physicians). The first criterion of mild exacerbation for asthma specialists was the occurrence during at least 2 days of an increase in the frequency of dyspnoea and/or the use of short‐acting bronchodilators. For nonspecialist physicians, dyspnoea affecting daily activities and/or sleeping was the preferred notion. Hospitalization was unanimously recognized as the first criterion for severe exacerbations. A decrease in peak expiratory flow of more than 30% below the baseline value on two consecutive days and an episode requiring systemic corticosteroids were the next criteria. Conclusions: This survey emphasizes the complexity of the notions of asthma control and exacerbation and provides novel informations to orient continuing education programmes.
Stress and addiction: glucocorticoid receptor in dopaminoceptive neurons facilitates cocaine seeking
Authors: Frédéric Ambroggi, Marc Turiault, Aude Milet, Véronique Deroche-Gamonet, Sébastien Parnaudeau, Eric Balado, Jacques Barik, Rixt Van Der Veen, Grégoire Maroteaux, Thomas Lemberger, Günther Schütz, Monique Lazar, Michela Micky Marinelli, Pier Vincenzo Piazza, François Tronche
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Antimicrobial resistance will surge unless use of antibiotics in animal feed is reduced
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The use of antibiotics in agriculture must be curbed in a bid to stop the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, England’s chief medical officer, Sally Davies, has said.

Davies told a meeting on antimicrobial resistance at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) in London that 70% of the antibiotics dispensed in the United States were used in animals, particularly in agriculture, where they were used to encourage growth in livestock destined for human consumption.

“One of the things that worries me is the massive use of antibiotics in animals. I think we have this the wrong way round. The vets need to prove why they need so many antibiotics, and …
MYCOSIS FUNGOIOES: ITS MANAGEMENT WITH SUPERFICIAL X-RAYS AND STRONTIUM 90 THERAPY COMPARED
Authors: R. H. MACDONALD, A. R. RUSSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary.— The natural history of mycosis fungoides (MF) in 21 patients is noted and discussed with particular reference to the response to therapy with superficial x‐rays (16 patients) and beta rays from a Strontium 90 source (5 patients). Useful palliation, which is not related to the duration of the disease, is obtained with either treatment but the convenience and safety of Strontium 90 make this form of treatment preferable to superficial x‐rays. It is suggested that beta ray therapy from a Strontium 90 source is the treatment of choice for MF presenting as excessive pruritus, widespread erythema and lichenification, exfoliation or as palmar and plantar byperkeratosis.