tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Control of Virus Reactivation Arrests Pulmonary Herpesvirus-induced Fibrosis in IFN-γ Receptor–deficient Mice
Authors: Ana L. Mora, Edilson Torres-González, Mauricio Rojas, Jianguo Xu, Jeffrey Ritzenthaler, Samuel H. Speck, Jesse Roman, Kenneth Brigham, Arlene Stecenko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic lung disorder of unknown cause. Several studies suggest an association between Epstein-Barr virus pulmonary infection and the development of IPF.Objectives: To determine whether reduction of γ-herpesvirus reactivation from latency would alter progressive lung fibrogenesis in an animal model of virus-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: IFN-γ receptor–deficient (IFN-γR−/−) mice infected intranasally with murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) develop lung fibrosis that progresses for up to at least 180 days after initial infection. Viral replication during the chronic phase of infection was controlled by two methods: the administration of cidofovir, an antiviral drug effective at clearing lytic but not latent virus, and by using a mutant γ-herpesvirus defective in virus reactivation from latency.Measurements and Main Results: Ten percent of the asymptomatic MHV68-infected animals that received antiviral treatment beginning on Day 45 postinfection had severe pulmonary fibrosis compared with 40% of the control saline-treated animals. Absence of severe fibrosis was also observed in IFN-γR−/− mice infected with the defective reactivation mutant MHV68 v-cyclin stop. Decreased fibrosis was associated with lower levels of transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and markers of macrophage alternative activation. When antiviral treatment was administered on Day 60 in symptomatic animals, survival improved from 20 to 80% compared with untreated symptomatic animals, but lung fibrosis persisted in 60% of the mice.Conclusions: MHV68-induced fibrosis is a result of viral lytic replication during chronic lung herpesvirus infection in mice. We speculate that antiviral therapy might help to control lung fibrosis in humans with IPF and associated herpesvirus infection.
Case of Congenital Bilateral Renal Hypoplasia: With a Short Review of the Literature
Authors: J. E. Murray, R. A. Sandison
Journal: BMJ (1941)

When non-lethal head injury is combined with other major but non-lethal injuries death may readily occur from cerebral fat embolism and other causes.Alleviation of the head injury by means of a suitable crash helmet may be expected to save life in some cases of this type.The most effective method of preventing head injuries in motor-cyclists is careful driving.In addition the use of a crash helmet is advocated.Seven accidents to motor-cyclists wearing crash helmets are reported.In all of them the head injury was mild, though in four there had been considerable damage to the crash helmet.The incidence of fractures of the lower limb is greater in motor-cycle accidents than in other types of accident, and the number requiring prolonged treatment may be expected to increase when fatalities are averted by the use of a suitable crash helmet.I am deeply indebted to Dr. H. Holbourn, D.Phil., for his help during the preparation of this paper, to the various people and organizations mentioned in the text, to the medical officers of a military hospital for head injuries under whose care most of these cases were, and to the Medical Research Council, who provided a grant in aid of the clinical note-taking.I wish also to thank Lieut.-Col.
Scientific, technical, and ethical considerations in cardiac transplantation.
Authors: M. H. Pappworth
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDBIJO 705 if the subject has an intercurrent infection or has taken alcohol or other drugs.Prolonged unconsciousness also results from taking mixtures of tranquillizers and hypnotic drugs when alcohol or dexamphetamine or barbiturates are ingredients.I agree with Dr. H. J. S. Matthew (10 February, p. 380) that the evidence is extremely confusing.It would be interesting to know if people who have given L.S.D.-25 therapeutically have ever encountered prolonged coma.The first case of chronic psychosis following therapeutic L.S.D.-25 which I ever saw was a man who later died of leukaemia.This has given me much food for thought in the light of the present research on chromosomal aberrations after L.S.D.-25, and might be worth pursuing.I am, etc., London W.2.
Inactivation of the Enzyme GSK3α by the Kinase IKKi Promotes AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway that Mediates Interleukin-1-Induced Th17 Cell Maintenance
Authors: Muhammet F. Gulen, Katarzyna Bulek, Hui Xiao, Minjia Yu, Ji Gao, Lillian Sun, Eleonore Beurel, Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin, Paul L. Fox, Paul E. DiCorleto, Jian-an Wang, Jun Qin, David N. Wald, James R. Woodgett, Richard S. Jope, Julie Carman, Ashok Dongre, Xiaoxia Li
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Association of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Paul L. Nguyen, Youjin Je, Fabio A. B. Schutz, Karen E. Hoffman, Jim C. Hu, Arti Parekh, Joshua A. Beckman, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) causes excess cardiovascular deaths in men with prostate cancer is highly controversial and was the subject of a joint statement by multiple medical societies and a US Food and Drug Administration safety warning.To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials to determine whether ADT is associated with cardiovascular mortality, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality in men with unfavorable-risk, nonmetastatic prostate cancer.A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for relevant randomized controlled trials in English between January 1, 1966, and April 11, 2011.Inclusion required nonmetastatic disease, intervention group with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-based ADT, control group with no immediate ADT, complete information on cardiovascular deaths, and median follow-up of more than 1 year.Extraction was by 2 independent reviewers. Summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and CIs were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models.Among 4141 patients from 8 randomized trials, cardiovascular death in patients receiving ADT vs control was not significantly different (255/2200 vs 252/1941 events; incidence, 11.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-14.5%; vs 11.2%; 95% CI, 8.3%-15.0%; RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.10; P = .41). ADT was not associated with excess cardiovascular death in trials of at least 3 years (long duration) of ADT (11.5%; 95% CI, 8.1%-16.0%; vs 11.5%; 95% CI, 7.5%-17.3%; RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75-1.10; P = .34) or in trials of 6 months or less (short duration) of ADT (10.5%; 95% CI, 6.3%-17.0%; vs 10.3%; 95% CI, 8.2%-13.0%; RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.73-1.37; P = .99). Among 4805 patients from 11 trials with overall death data, ADT was associated with lower PCSM (443/2527 vs 552/2278 events; 13.5%; 95% CI, 8.8%-20.3%; vs 22.1%; 95% CI, 15.1%-31.1%; RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84; P < .001) and lower all-cause mortality (1140/2527 vs 1213/2278 events; 37.7%; 95% CI, 27.3%-49.4%; vs 44.4%; 95% CI, 32.5%-57.0%; RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.93; P < .001).In a pooled analysis of randomized trials in unfavorable-risk prostate cancer, ADT use was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death but was associated with a lower risk of PCSM and all-cause mortality.
Intrapleural streptokinase does not improve outcomes in empyema
Authors: M Menon
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Maskell NA, Davies CWH, Nunn AJ, et al . UK controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase for pleural infection. N Engl J Med2005;352:865–74 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents have been advocated in the management of pleural infection in many respiratory society guidelines. However, the evidence base for this recommendation stems from case series and small trials which do not have adequate statistical power. The MIST1 study was a double blind, randomised, controlled trial with 454 patients enrolled in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DMaskell%26rft.auinit1%253DN.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D352%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D865%26rft.epage%253D874%26rft.atitle%253DU.K.%2BControlled%2BTrial%2Bof%2BIntrapleural%2BStreptokinase%2Bfor%2BPleural%2BInfection%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa042473%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15745977%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa042473&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15745977&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F6%2F450.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000227310700005&link_type=ISI
Comparison of Ultrasound Cephalometry, Radiology, and Liquor Studies in Patients with Unknown Confinement Dates
Authors: R. A. Underhill, J. M. Beazley, S. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The accuracy of predicting fetal maturity by ultrasound cephalometry, radiology, and liquor studies in patients with unknown confinement dates has been compared. The best prediction was given by ultrasound cephalometry. Liquor studies were least helpful.
Attendance at Supervised Injecting Facilities and Use of Detoxification Services
Authors: Evan Wood, Mark W. Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Jo-Anne Stoltz, Calvin Lai, Julio S.G. Montaner, Thomas Kerr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: In September 2003, the first safer injecting facility in North America opened in Vancouver, Canada. Here, injection-drug users can inject preobtained illicit drugs under medical supervision.1 A concern regarding such facilities is that they may lessen the likelihood that injection-drug users will seek addiction-treatment services.2,3 Randomized trials are lacking to address this concern. We assessed factors associated with time to entry into a detoxification program at one of the city's three detoxification centers. We used data collected by means of a questionnaire as part of a cohort study (supported by Health Canada) of persons who use . . .
Calcifications of the Heart
Authors: Richard E. Buenger
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The increasingly important literature on cardiac calcifications has been assembled and analyzed by the combined expert talents of a group of radiologists and a cardiologist. The authors have added their vast personal experiences to produce a concise summary of the subject which encompasses calcifications of coronary arteries, sinus of Valsalva aneurysms, ducti arteriosi, atrial walls and thrombi, cardiac tumors, valves and rings, and the myocardium and pericardium. This radiologic monograph is illustrated by superb reproductions of roentgenograms which, because of the delicate morphology and dynamic nature of the disease processes to be studied, are extremely difficult to produce. Excellent roentgenograms of postmortem specimens enhance the effectiveness of the in vivo studies. Clinical and pathological discussions are properly kept to a pertinent minimum for this type of presentation. New observations are limited to an analysis of the technique and value of cineradiography in the study of cardiac calcifications as documented in
Milder clinical aspects of X-linked Alport syndrome in men positive for the collagen IV α5 chain
Authors: Yuya Hashimura, Kandai Nozu, Hiroshi Kaito, Koichi Nakanishi, Xue Jun Fu, Hiromi Ohtsubo, Fusako Hashimoto, Masafumi Oka, Takeshi Ninchoji, Shingo Ishimori, Naoya Morisada, Natsuki Matsunoshita, Naohiro Kamiyoshi, Norishige Yoshikawa, Kazumoto Iijima
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
First private hospital in Hungary built
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Hungary's first private hospital, a £3.7m ($5.9m) facility comprising 50 rooms and 100 beds, for wealthy Magyars and expatriates who enjoy hefty corporate perks, is under construction near the village of Telki just west of Budapest.

Coincidentally, the country's first American style health maintenance organisation, which caters primarily for foreigners living in Hungary, …
Doctors found guilty of substandard care
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two doctors accused of running a faulty breast screening service have been found culpable of providing substandard care in failing to diagnose breast cancer in dozens of women with signs of the disease.

Dr John Brennan and Dr Graham Wylie Urquhart were accused of serious professional misconduct in their work at the east Devon breast screening service between 1991 and 1997. After losing one of the longest running cases ever heard by the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council, the two doctors were awaiting a decision, as the BMJ went to press, on what disciplinary action the council would take.

Dr Brennan, who …
Ultrasonography in Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease
Authors: Jorge L. Gross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters4 September 2001Ultrasonography in Management of Nodular Thyroid DiseaseJorge L. Gross, MDJorge L. Gross, MDServiço de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil (Gross)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-5-200109040-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Growing evidence suggests that ultrasonography is as useful for the endocrinologist as the stethoscope is for the cardiologist. In an elegant and well-conducted study, Marqusee and colleagues (1) reported that ultrasonography altered the clinical management for 63% of the patients studied. This indicates that ultrasonography is useful in addition to physical examination in the evaluation of patients with suspected thyroid nodules. Lisbôa and coworkers (2) also previously observed that clinical examination is not an accurate method to establish the presence of goiter in schoolchildren; it tends to overestimate thyroid size, and ultrasonography should be performed when the ...References1. Marqusee E, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Larsen PR, Cibas ES, et al . Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:696-700. [PMID: 11074902] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lisbôa HR, Gross JL, Orsolin A, Fuchs S. Clinical examination is not an accurate method of defining the presence of goitre in schoolchildren. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996;45:471-5. [PMID: 8959088] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Tan GH, Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to non-palpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:226-31. [PMID: 9027275] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil (Gross) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUsefulness of Ultrasonography in the Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease Ellen Marqusee , Carol B. Benson , Mary C. Frates , Peter M. Doubilet , P. Reed Larsen , Edmund S. Cibas , and Susan J. Mandel Ultrasonography in Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease Ellen Marqusee , P. Reed Larsen , and Susan J. Mandel Ultrasonography in Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease Matthew C. Leinung , Andrew Gianoukakis , and Daniel W. Lee Metrics 4 September 2001Volume 135, Issue 5Page: 383-384KeywordsSurgeryThyroidThyroid diseasesUltrasound imaging ePublished: 4 September 2001 Issue Published: 4 September 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acid hydrolases in blister fluid.
Authors: GUNNAR VOLDEN, PER O. THUNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The minimal erythema dose for chronic polymorphic light eruption (CPLE) patients was significantly reduced for UV-B rays. However, following doses which produced comparable erythema, no significant differences were found in the release of acid hydrolases between CPLE patients and controls. An increased release of acid hydrolases was found to accompany the formation of papular lesions. Increased enzyme activity was first observed some hours after the appearance of the erythema.
Serious renal transplant rejection and adrenal hypofunction after gradual withdrawal of prednisolone two years after transplantation.
Authors: R B Naik, J Chakraborty, J English, V Marks, M Slapak, H A Lee
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Ten patients with stable renal function two years after transplantation had their sole immunosuppressive treatment (oral prednisolone 10 mg daily) withdrawn by reducing the daily dose by 1 mg at monthly intervals. Plasma prednisolone concentration, cortisol concentration, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine concentration were measured in all patients, and the adrenal response to corticotrophin was determined in five by measuring plasma cortisol concentrations before and after tetracosactrin injection. No episodes of rejection occurred in patients taking over 7 mg prednisolone daily. Although three patients apparently required only minimal immunosuppressive treatment (less than 5 mg daily) the remainder suffered episodes of rejection at daily doses below 7 mg. There was a tenuous association between rejection and low plasma cortisol concentration, but neither the pattern of plasma prednisolone concentrations nor the response to tetracosactrin were related to episodes of rejection. Reducing the daily dose of oral prednisolone to under 7 mg should not be attempted in patients with renal transplants unless there are extenuating circumstances.
Action of gastrin on the lower oesophageal sphincter in man
Authors: G. R. Giles, M. C. Mason, C. Humphries, C. G. Clark
Journal: Gut (1969)

Both hog gastrin and synthetic gastrin stimulate the cardiac sphincter to increase tone and augment the resistance to reflux. Endogenous gastrin has a similar effect, and gastrin also stimulates the secretion of acid which has also been found to increase the resistance of the sphincter, but the effect of gastrin appears to be independent of the secretory stimulus.
Effect of sex of fetus on asthma during pregnancy: blind prospective study
Authors: N Beecroft, G M Cochrane, H. J Milburn
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The course of asthma during pregnancy is variable and may remain unchanged, worsen, or improve, returning to the pre-pregnancy state within three months after parturition.1 Some patients experience the same changes in each pregnancy, but nearly half do not, suggesting some intrinsic or extrinsic factor unique to each pregnancy such as the sex of the fetus.1 We observed that the condition of patients with moderate to severe asthma generally deteriorated when they were pregnant with girls but not boys, raising the intriguing possibility that the sex of the fetus might influence the course of asthma during pregnancy. We investigated this possibility in a blind prospective study.

All women aged 25-34 who were receiving regular drug treatment for asthma and were in the second trimester of pregnancy (12-21 weeks' gestation) were approached directly to participate in the study. Twenty eight women were recruited from …
Long-Term Follow-Up after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: E. Mühe
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

A five-year follow-up was performed in 93 of 94 patients who successfully underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 1985 and 1987. The results were compared to those in 130 of 136 patients of a non-randomized control group who had undergone open cholecystectomy during the same period. Patients characteristics and gallbladder findings were comparable in the two groups. Postoperative complications were infrequent and not significantly different in the two groups, whereas the mean hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group. During follow-up, one patient in the laparoscopically treated group had a common bile duct stone which was treated surgically since he refused to undergo ERCP; this patient died of postoperative complications. Various abdominal complaints were reported in 27% and 25% of the patients undergoing laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy, respectively; in most cases no organic causes were found. Scar problems were less frequently reported in the laparoscopically treated group (2% versus 12%). It is concluded that the long-term results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are as good as those of open cholecystectomy, however, the hospital stay is significantly shorter and the long-term cosmetic results are considerably better in laparoscopically treated patients.
Medicine in Modern Society: Medical Planning Based on Evaluation of Medical Achievement
Authors: Milton G. Bohrod
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT Writings on the social relations of medicine may all too often be concerned with administrative and financial aspects and take on the form of special pleading. This book is devoted to showing that the fundamental social problems are the same regardless of how the bill is paid and that these problems vary with the stage of development of a country and not with its economic system, however much the latter may influence details. A preliminary historical survey indicates that the tremendous decrease of mortality in the 18th century was caused by a rise in the standard of living, in the 19th by hygienic measures, and only in our own century has medical practice itself influenced length of life to any considerable degree.Although McKeown's writings are mostly based on British problems, he frequently describes American experience, and we require only a little adjustment to apply his findings to our own