tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poor Infection Control Fuels Hepatitis in Nonhospital Health Care Facilities
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Commission alert but added some cautions. “It is an excellent document, but a modest effort,” he said. “They certainly cover a lot of useful territory and have good points, [but] they don’t make conclusions enough about some of the unknowns and unmeasured problems.” Koppel offered some additional suggestions for health care institutions. He noted that people often inaccurately report their actions, so to trulyunderstand how they perform, one should observe and ask questions while the person is working.Healsostressedtheimportance of recognizing that work-arounds are so frequent and easily absorbed into the workroutine that thepeopledoingthem don’t even realize it, so more intense observation and questioning is needed.
UTILITY OF RADIOIMMUNOIMAGING USING 99mTc-ANTI-AFP Fab1 IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF ACTIVE GERM CELL TUMORS FROM POSTTREATMENT CHANGES
Authors: E. E. Kim, M. Korkmaz, L. Kasi, B. Kim, R. Amato, D. Podoloff, A. Sclla, M. Diaz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Kim, E. E.; Korkmaz, M.; Kasi, L.; Kim, B.; Amato, R.; Podoloff, D.; Sclla, A.; Diaz, M. Author Information
Malignant Carcinoid Tumour with Gangrene of the Small Intestine
Authors: I. M. Murray-Lyon, M. O. Rake, A. K. Marshall, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Four patients with a malignant carcinoid tumour of the small bowel (three had the carcinoid syndrome) developed gangrene of the small intestine. Attention is drawn to this seldom recognized complication, as early surgery may be life saving.
SOME SURGICAL ASPECTS OF DIABETES
Authors: NELLIS B. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The commonest complication in diabetes is infection in various forms. Some of these infections belong in the realm of surgery, and require operations. The mortality in these cases has been very high until recent years. A number of years ago I looked up the statistics in several hospitals and averaged them, and the mortality in diabetic cases with surgical infections was about 45 per cent. The mortality here (in New York Hospital) was found by Weeden,<sup>1</sup>for the decade preceding the use of insulin, to be roughly 40 per cent. With the advent of insulin, and in spite of the fact that we had some of the most hazardous surgical diabetic cases we had ever had, the mortality in the first year dropped to 12 per cent. This fact tells better than anything else the changed conditions in which we now work. In the individual who has not only
ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC CELLS IN MOUSE BONE MARROW
Authors: Harold C. Miller, Gustavo Cudkowicz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Graded numbers of marrow cells and 5 x 10(7) thymocytes were mixed in vitro and transplanted into X-irradiated (C3H x C57BL/10)F(1) mice. Upon injection of sheep or chicken erythrocytes, splenic plaque-forming cells secreting IgM (direct PFC) or IgG (indirect PFC) hemolytic antibody were enumerated at the time of peak responses. Anti-sheep and anti-chicken primary PFC responses elicited by nonimmune marrow cells differed sharply from each other under the conditions of limiting dilution assays. The frequencies of anti-chicken responses in recipients of different numbers of marrow cells conformed to the predictions of the Poisson model, while the frequencies of anti-sheep responses did not. Hence, the function of certain marrow-derived cells was expressed differentially during the two immune responses, to exclude that the same precursor units generated anti-sheep or anti-chicken PFC. The former precursor cells or units were functionally more heterogeneous than the latter. Immunization of marrow donors against sheep erythrocytes did not alter the population of cells engaged in anti-chicken responses, since limiting dilution assays with immune and nonimmune marrow cells gave identical results. However, anti-sheep immunization altered specifically the cell population engaged in anti-sheep responses, in two ways: (a) potentially immunocompetent marrow cells underwent antigen-dependent differentiation or maturation, to become functionally homogeneous. Consequently, the frequencies of PFC responses in limiting dilution assays conformed to the Poisson model; the changes occurred independently in class-restricted precursors of direct and indirect PFC. (b) marrow cells capable of inhibiting precursors of direct anti-sheep PFC arose in primed mice. The inhibition, which was specific, could have been effected directly by marrow cells or by a diffusable product such as IgG antibody. Results indicated that potentially immunocompetent cells of mouse marrow with distinct functions were antigen specific and antigen sensitive.
Coregulation of Estrogen Receptor by ERBB4/HER4 Establishes a Growth-Promoting Autocrine Signal in Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: Yun Zhu, Lacey L. Sullivan, Sujit S. Nair, Christopher C. Williams, Arvind K. Pandey, Luis Marrero, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Frank E. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Although crosstalk between cell-surface and nuclear receptor signaling pathways has been implicated in the development and progression of endocrine-regulated cancers, evidence of direct coupling of these signaling pathways has remained elusive. Here we show that estrogen promotes an association between extranuclear estrogen receptor α (ER) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member ERBB4. Ectopically expressed as well as endogenous ERBB4 interacts with and potentiates ER transactivation, indicating that the ERBB4/ER interaction is functional. Estrogen induces nuclear translocation of the proteolytic processed ERBB4 intracellular domain (4ICD) and nuclear translocation of 4ICD requires functional ligand-bound ER. The nuclear ER/4ICD complex is selectively recruited to estrogen-inducible gene promoters such as progesterone receptor (PgR) and stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1) but not to trefoil factor 1 precursor (pS2). Consistent with 4ICD-selective promoter binding, suppression of ERBB4 expression by interfering RNA shows that 4ICD coactivates ER transcription at the PgR and SDF-1 but not the pS2 promoter. Significantly, ERBB4 itself is an estrogen-inducible gene and the ERBB4 promoter harbors a consensus estrogen response element (ERE) half-site with overlapping activator protein-1 elements that bind ER and 4ICD in response to estrogen. Using a cell proliferation assay and a small interfering RNA approach, we show that ERBB4 expression is required for the growth-promoting action of estrogen in the T47D breast cancer cell line. Our results indicate that ERBB4 is a unique coregulator of ER, directly coupling extranuclear and nuclear estrogen actions in breast cancer. We propose that the contribution of an autocrine ERBB4/ER signaling pathway to tumor growth and therapeutic response should be considered when managing patients with ER-positive breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7991-8)
A prostaglandin analogue as a probable cause of myocardial infarction in a young woman.
Authors: E Fliers, D R Duren, P A van Zwieten
Journal: BMJ (1991)

treatment.Antiarrhythmic treatment was changed to procainamide.The electrocardiogram was unchanged, creatine kinase activity remained normal, and serum potassium concentration was 4-1 mmolIl.Besides premature ventricular beats, decreasing in frequency, the patient's further course was uneventful and he was discharged five days later.Serum mianserin concentrations measured by high performance liquid chromato- graphy had a peak of 8-3 tmol/l (2 2 mg/i).The terminal half life (43 5 hours) was comparable with published values.6The peak concentration of the main metabolite, desmethylmianserin, was 0-19 imol/l (0-76 mg/l).Only traces of other antidepressants, known to have been prescribed to the patient in the past, and of their metabolites were found (for example, desipramine 0-10 mg/i and mesoridazine 0 13 mg/i).
Usefulness of the High Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio to Identify Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Preclinical Signs of Organ Damage in Outpatient Children
Authors: Procolo Di Bonito, Nicola Moio, Carolina Scilla, Luigi Cavuto, Gerolamo Sibilio, Eduardo Sanguigno, Claudia Forziato, Francesco Saitta, Maria Rosaria Iardino, Carla Di Carluccio, Brunella Capaldo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To evaluate whether the high triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG-to-HDL-C) ratio is associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors and preclinical signs of organ damage in an outpatient population of white children and adolescents.The study population included 884 subjects (aged 6-16 years), of whom 206 (23%) were normal weight, 135 (15%) were overweight, and 543 (61%) were obese. Biochemical variables were analyzed in the whole sample, whereas homocysteine and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were evaluated in 536 and 258 children, respectively.The percentage of pubertal children (P < 0.001), as well as measurements of BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001, for all), creatinine (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.02), increased from the lowest to the highest tertile of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Age, sex, homocysteine, and glomerular filtration rate did not change. Moreover, interventricular septum thickness, relative wall thickness, and LV mass index (P = 0.01 to P < 0.0001) increased across tertiles of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Children with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 showed a two- to threefold higher risk of elevated ALT levels and concentric LV hypertrophy than those with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio <2.0, independent of confounding factors.The high TG-to-HDL-C ratio is associated with several CMR factors and preclinical signs of liver and cardiac abnormalities in the outpatient, white pediatric population. Thus, a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 may be useful in clinical practice to detect children with a worsened CMR profile who need monitoring to prevent cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
POINTS FROM LETTERS: "Ockham's Razor"
Authors: R. E. Rewell
Journal: BMJ (1949)

<h3>Summary</h3> <h3>Background and objectives</h3> Arteriovenous fistulas often fail to mature, and nonmaturation has been attributed to postoperative stenosis caused by aggressive neointimal hyperplasia. Preexisting intimal hyperplasia in the native veins of uremic patients may predispose to postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis and arteriovenous fistula nonmaturation. <h3>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements</h3> This work explored the relationship between preexisting venous intimal hyperplasia, postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis, and clinical arteriovenous fistula outcomes in 145 patients. Venous specimens obtained during arteriovenous fistula creation were quantified for maximal intimal thickness (median thickness=22.3 μm). Postoperative ultrasounds at 4–6 weeks were evaluated for arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Arteriovenous fistula maturation within 6 months of creation was determined clinically. <h3>Results</h3> Postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis was equally frequent in patients with preexisting venous intimal hyperplasia (thickness&gt;22.3 μm) and patients without hyperplasia (46% versus 53%; <i>P</i>=0.49). Arteriovenous fistula nonmaturation occurred in 30% of patients with postoperative stenosis versus 7% of those patients without stenosis (hazard ratio, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.55 to 12.06; <i>P</i>=0.001). The annual frequency of interventions to maintain arteriovenous fistula patency for dialysis after maturation was higher in patients with postoperative stenosis than patients without stenosis (0.83 [95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.14] versus 0.42 [95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.62]; <i>P</i>=0.008). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Preexisting venous intimal hyperplasia does not predispose to postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis is associated with a higher arteriovenous fistula nonmaturation rate. Arteriovenous fistulas with hemodynamically significant stenosis frequently mature without an intervention. Postoperative arteriovenous fistula stenosis is associated with an increased frequency of interventions to maintain long-term arteriovenous fistula patency after maturation.
Comparison of standard and modified SPT method
Authors: A. Zawodniak, M. Kupczyk, P. Górski, P. Kuna
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Summary Background: The aim of our study was to compare clinical significance and economical factors of commonly used standard skin prick tests (SPT) method with new, modified and more handy way of performing SPT. Methods: Twenty‐one subjects [with an average age of 23 years (SD ± 2.72)] with known sensitivity to examined allergen extracts were tested with histamine, negative control solution and standard allergen extracts (Allergopharma, Reinbeck, Germany). SPT were applied to the volar surface of randomly assigned forearm with two methods: standard technique using lancet needle to prick the epidermis under small drop of extract and tested method using lancet needle which was dipped in extract before prick. In this method all extracts were placed in marked, small, plastic chambers. Results: Mean wheal to histamine was 5.49 (standard method) and 5.01 (modified method). There was no statistical difference between the standard and modified method for size of wheal to histamine ( P = 0.654) and to allergen extracts ( n = 36, P = 0.824, Wilcoxon test). Economical analysis revealed that examined SPT technique is cheaper than standard method. Conclusion: Examined method may be considered to be an alternative for performing SPT as it is safe, cheaper and more convenient than standard technique. Summary statement: Comparison of standard and modified SPT method revealed the new method to be more economical.
Use of the Probasin Promoter ARR2PB to Express Bax in Androgen Receptor-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: F. Andriani, B. Nan, J. Yu, X. Li, N. L. Weigel, M. J. McPhaul, S. Kasper, S. Kagawa, B. Fang, R. J. Matusik, L. Denner, M. Marcelli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the apoptosis-inducing protein Bax can induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. Constitutive overexpression of Bax could result in unwanted apoptosis in every site of accidental Bax accumulation in vivo. Therefore, we developed an adenoviral construct (Av-ARR2PB-Bax) in which the probasin promoter, modified to contain two androgen response elements, drives Bax expression. This promoter would be expected to limit expression of Bax to cells expressing the androgen receptor. Methods: A variety of androgen receptor (AR)-positive and -negative cell lines of prostatic or nonprostatic origin were infected with Av-ARR2PB-Bax or a control virus, Av-ARR2PB-CAT, in which the same promoter drives expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-reporter gene. Bax expression and apoptosis in vitro were assessed by western blot analysis. Tumor size and apoptosis in vivo were assessed after four weekly injections of Av-ARR2PB-Bax or Av-ARR2PB-CAT into subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts growing in uncastrated male mice. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Bax was overexpressed in an androgen-dependent way in AR-positive cell lines of prostatic origin but not in AR-positive cells of nonprostatic origin or in AR-negative cell lines of either prostatic or nonprostatic origin. The androgen dihydrotestosterone activated apoptosis in LNCaP cells infected with Av-ARR2PB-Bax but not in those infected with Av-ARR2PB-CAT. Av-ARR2PB-Bax-injected LNCaP xenograft tumors decreased in tumor size from 34.1 mm3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.1 mm3 to 43.1 mm3) to 24.6 mm3 (95% CI = –2.5 mm3 to 51.7 mm3), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .5). Tumors injected with Av-ARR2PB-CAT increased in size, from 28.9 mm3 (95% CI = 12.7 mm3 to 45.1 mm3) to 206 mm3 (95% CI = 122 mm3 to 290 mm3) (P = .002) and contained statistically significant more apoptotic cells (23.3% [95% CI = 21.1% to 25.6%] versus 9.5% [95% CI = 8.0% to 11.1]) (P<.001). Conclusions: Av-ARR2PB-Bax induces androgen-dependent therapeutic apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by activating apoptosis in AR-positive cells derived specifically from prostatic epithelium and does not affect nonprostatic cells.
New variant of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (b5R<sub>Kurashiki</sub>) in red cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and cultured fibroblasts with congenital methemoglobinemia, mental and neurological retardation, and skeletal anomalies
Authors: Yoshihito Yawata, Lily Ding, Kiyoh Tanishima, Akio Tomoda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

A Japanese man with cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency in various blood cell lineages (red cells, platelets, and lymphocytes) and in cultured fibroblasts demonstrated congenital methemoglobinemia associated with mental and neurological retardation, and various skeletal anomalies, such as spondylosis deformans and finger joint deformations, which have never been described in association with this enzyme deficiency. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency was most severe in red cells (0.3-4%) and less marked in platelets (13-27%), lymphocytes (18-31%), and fibroblasts (50%). The present case appears to be a new variant of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (b5RKurashiki).
Accomplishments of the Finsen Apparatus in Lupus.
Authors: George G. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Brooklyn, Aug. 25, 1902. Prof. N. R. Finsen has kindly given me photographs of one of his most interesting cases, showing the condition of the patient before (Fig. 1) and after (Fig. 2) his use of the chemical rays of light, with the tube devised by him. Fig. 3 shows a Finsen tube in position, with a patient under treatment for lupus of the nose. This is a tube which I purchased when in Copenhagen, and which I am now using with a very satisfactory degree of success. The method is being used successfully in Russia, Greece and Great Britain under the patronage of the governments of these countries, also by many private physicians all over Europe. In this country there are as yet very few men working in this department. I suppose there would be more if it were not for the expense of installation and maintenance. Fig. 4
Differential effects on melanocyte growth and melanization of low vs. high calcium keratinocyte-conditioned medium
Authors: None ABDEL-NASER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Epidermal keratinocytes secrete several growth factors that stimulate melanocyte proliferation and melanin pigment synthesis in vitro. As the epidermis is formed of two distinct layers, i.e. basal cell layer and suprabasal cell layers, and both are functionally and biologically different compartments, it was interesting to investigate which type of epidermal keratinocytes modulate melanocyte proliferation and function most. Normal human epidermal melanocytes (HMel) were incubated with melanocyte-conditioned medium (M-CM) and low Ca2+ and high Ca2+ keratinocyte-conditioned medium (K-CM) obtained from the same skin source of melanocytes. The morphology, proliferation rate and melanin synthesis were evaluated at days 3, 6 and 12 of incubation. The results showed no evidence of major morphological changes in the epidermal melanocytes with any of the conditioned media, although marked dendrite formation was observed in coculture of melanocytes and differentiated keratinocytes. On the other hand, low Ca2+ K-CM induced a mild but statistically significant stimulation of melanocyte growth in a time-dependent manner. The significant percentage increase was evident on day 6 (124.6%, P < 0.05) and on day 12 (138.1%, P < 0.01) of incubation. In contrast, high Ca2+ K-CM showed no significant effect on melanocyte proliferation (P > 0.05). Both low Ca2+ and high Ca2+ K-CM stimulated melanin synthesis, although synthesis induced by low Ca2+ K-CM was higher than that of high Ca2+ K-CM. The significant percentage increase induced by low Ca2+ K-CM was evident on day 6 (117.9%, P < 0.05) and on day 12 (127.8%, P < 0.05) of incubation, whereas it was evident with high Ca2+ K-CM only on day 12 (119.7%, P < 0.05) of incubation. It is concluded from the above data that keratinocytes grown at a low Ca2+ level release factors that stimulate melanocyte proliferation as well as melanin synthesis, whereas keratinocytes grown at a high Ca2+ level release factors that only stimulate melanin synthesis. This may provide an explanation of the anatomical position of melanocytes and may play a part in the pigmentary changes following injury to epidermal cells.
Abstract 525: Functional screen of paracrine signals in breast carcinoma fibroblasts
Authors: Gui Su, David J. Beebe, Andreas Friedl
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Stromal fibroblasts actively participate in normal mammary gland homeostasis and in breast carcinoma growth and progression by secreting paracrine factors. However, our knowledge about the identity of paracrine mediators operating in individual patients remains incomplete. The purpose of this study was to characterize paracrine signaling pathways between breast carcinoma cells and breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) or normal mammary fibroblasts (NF), respectively. CAF and NF were isolated from breast carcinoma tissue samples and adjacent normal mammary gland tissue of 28 patients. The fibroblasts were grown in 3D collagen gel co-culture with T47D human breast carcinoma cells and T47D cell growth was measured. CAF stimulated T47D cell growth to a significantly greater degree than NF. Collectively, neutralizing antibodies to fibroblast growth factor 2, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, SDF1 and TGF- β1 and the enzymes heparanase-1 and MT1-MMP significantly abrogated CAF-stimulated T47D cell growth, although, a considerable degree of inter-individual heterogeneity was observed. CAF from low-grade but not high-grade carcinomas required IGF1 and TGF- β1 to stimulate carcinoma growth. CAF from estrogen or progesterone receptor negative carcinomas depended on HB-EGF activity for carcinoma growth. Paradoxically, blocking of MT1-MMP stimulated T47D cell growth in co-culture with NF. The results were largely replicated by treating the fibroblasts with siRNA oligonucleotides prior to co-culture, implicating the fibroblasts as principal production site for the paracrine mediators examined in this study. In summary, we characterize the paracrine signaling network of primary breast cancer fibroblasts with inhibitor screens. These findings have significant implications for the design of stroma-targeted therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-525
Stereotaxic Radiofrequency Surgery of the Normal and the Abnormal Pituitary Gland
Authors: Nicholas T. Zervas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SURGEONS have continually sought an operative approach to pituitary tumors and to the normal pituitary gland that would be maximally effective, safe and innocuous. We have examined in detail the anatomy of the normal sella turcica and have used this information with some basic engineering technics to improve the endonasal trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland. This has resulted in a relatively atraumatic stereotaxic radiofrequency procedure associated with minimal morbidity. I shall describe the historical, anatomical and technical considerations that preceded our clinical work and the results obtained in 164 patients who underwent operation for angiopathic diabetic retinopathy, metastatic breast . . .