tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Reactions following M &amp; B 693 and Ultra-Violet Light
Authors: R. Hallam
Journal: BMJ (1939)

ACUTE PSYCHOSES AFTER SURGICAL PROCEDURI'S TIEI(1NAI 559Case 2.-A man aged 29 had appendicectomy performed, with drainage, on June 7, 1938.The following day he became restless, confused, and uncertain.He continued to get worse mentally, and was transferred to us on June 14.He was quieter on admission, but was confused.The wound was oozing thick foul pus.With vigorous local treatment the dis- charge became more rapid ; in two days the superficial layers of the wound opened and pus discharged freely from between the tissue layers.From then onwards the mental symptoms ceased entirely.Case 3.-A youth aged 17 was treated in surgical wards on November 30, 1938, for concussion, fracture of the skull, and an extensive lacerated wound of the left popliteal region.Plaster was applied to the leg over the dressing to prevent contracture.The cerebrospinal fluid was clear.At the end of three weeks of apparent progress he became noisy, irrational, and violent, and was transferred here forthwith.He presented the typical toxic picture, and was noisy and most violently resistive to all attentions.The original plaster was still on the leg, and foul and pungent-smelling pus from the popliteal wound was oozing over the top.The plaster was removed, and an extensive area of unhealthy hypertrophic granulations covered with thick pus was revealed.In twenty-four hours he became quite manageable and would freely permit nursing attentions and the frequent changes of dressing required.The acute mental state subsided in about three days.Some mental dullness still persisted for four or five weeks, partly attributable to his skull condition and partly to the previous intense absorption of toxic products from the wound.Case 4.-A man aged 24 had a large abscess of the right lower abdominal wall opened and drained on October 25, 1936.After two weeks he became violent and irrational, and was transferred to us on November 13.He presented the usual toxic picture and was resistive, confused, and uncertain.The wound showed a discharging sinus.With the usual measures he improved considerably in a week, but remained rather dull and slow for a longer period.The wound had healed in two
The Emotional Epidemiology of H1N1 Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Danielle Ofri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

proach to the epidemic.This challenge was addressed in part by holding regular meetings of the cross-jurisdictional Australian Health Protection Committee.Public messages regarding the public health response used the names of the phases of the pandemic plan, including "Delay," "Contain," and "Protect," which may have helped the public to take appropriate personal action and reduce the impact of the virus on our population.
Hypoallergenic formulas – when, to whom and how long: after more than 15 years we know the right indication!
Authors: A. Høst, S. Halken
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Hypoallergenic formulas are processed by enzymatic hydrolysis of different protein sources such as bovine casein/whey and soy followed by further processing such as heat treatment and/or ultrafiltration, or they are based on amino acid mixtures. The products have been classified according to the degree of protein hydrolysis as 'extensively' or 'partially' hydrolysed protein products. Product properties may be characterized by biochemical techniques, and reduction of allergenicity may be assessed in vitro with various immunological methods, and in vivo with skin prick tests, patch tests and challenge tests. In vitro tests do not predict the allergenic effects in humans, and at present there is no evidence of a specific threshold of immunogenic protein. Only pure amino acid mixtures are considered to be nonallergenic. Other 'hypoallergenic' products contain residual allergenicity. At present, the potential of a product for treatment and prevention of food allergy can only be determined by clinical trials using scientifically appropriate standards. It has been recommended that dietary products for treatment of cow's milk protein allergy in infants should be tolerated by at least 90% (with 95% confidence) of infants with documented cow's milk protein allergy. Some extensively hydrolysed products and amino-acid-based products have met these criteria. Formulas intended for prevention should have a very low, if any, allergenic activity until otherwise proven. So far there are no firm criteria available for the design of hypoallergenic foods for prevention. Newborns included in prevention studies should be from high-risk families; they should be randomized at birth and fed the formula when supplements are needed for at least the first 4-6 months of life. Follow-up should be at least 18 months, and children should be investigated when symptoms appear. Validated clinical criteria, including controlled food challenges, should be used for diagnosis. Infants fed formulas that claim to prevent or delay allergy should have a statistically significant lower prevalence of allergy when compared with infants fed a standard cow's milk formula. Feeding high-risk infants a documented hypoallergenic formula combined with avoidance of solid foods during the first 4-6 months reduces the cumulative incidence of cow's milk protein allergy and atopic dermatitis as compared with a standard cow's-milk-based formula. Partially hydrolysed formulas may have an effect, though it seems to be less than that of extensively hydrolysed formulas at present. Thus, if exclusive breast-feeding for 4-6 months is not possible in high-risk infants, a documented hypoallergenic formula and avoidance of solid foods are recommended for the first 4 months of life.
A fixed drug eruption due to paracetamol
Authors: H.T.H. WILSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A fixed drug eruption due to paracetamol is reported. Over 10,000,000 prescriptions (EC10) for paracetamol are issued annually and rashes occurring as possible adverse reactions to this drug are reported fairly frequently to the Committee on Safety of Medicines (Committee on Safety of Medicines-personal communication). These include urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, purpura, morbilliform and scarlatiniform rashes, erythema nodosum, eczema, alopecia and nail changes but in many of these cases the cause-effect relationship is unproven. One strongly suspected case (Savin, 1970) was reported from St John's Hospital. This was a patient who developed a fixed drug rash after taking a chlormezanone-paracetamol combination. However, no other reports of a fixed drug rash which was proved to be due to parcetamol have been found.
Pharmacological modulation of cold-induced pain in cutaneous leiomyomata
Authors: C.B. ARCHER, S. WHITTAKER, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Pharmacological modulation of cold‐induced pain in cutaneous leiomyomata Get access C.B. ARCHER, C.B. ARCHER St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square, London U.K. Dr Clive B. Archer, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. WHITTAKER, S. WHITTAKER St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES M.W. GREAVES St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 2, 1 February 1988, Pages 255–260, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01783.x Published: 01 February 1988
???Positive??? Gallium Scan of Chest Secondary to Colonic Herniation
Authors: MATTHEW J. KUHN, C RICHARD GOLDFARB, FUKIAT ONGSENG, STEVEN D. EDBRIL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Uptake of gallium in the lower chest of an elderly female was initially assumed to represent pulmonary pathology. A subsequent cleansing enema and chest radiograph revealed that the uptake was actually secondary to physiological excretion of gallium into a herniated colon.
Long-term Efficacy of Endoscopic Stenting in Patients with Stricture of the Biliary Anastomosis after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: A. F. Rossi, C. Grosso, G. Zanasi, P. Gambitta, M. Bini, L. De Carlis, G. Rondinara, R. Arcidiacono
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: The choledocho-choledochostomy (CCS) stricture is one of the most frequent complications occurring after liver transplantation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) is the most sensitive method used to define the presence and narrowness of the stricture. Endoscopic stenting of the strictured anastomosis could provide an effective alternative to the surgical intervention.
S110 Dysregulated Iron Metabolism Mediated By Irp2 May Influence Lung Cancer Progression, Particularly In The Context Of Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: N. Ahmad, J. Moore, K. Woolnough, None Ismail, M. Bedford, U. Naidu, C. Tselepis, A. Turner
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Iron is required for cell growth, and various cancers have been shown to proliferate more readily when iron replete. We have shown this previously in lung cancer and further demonstrated that this was reduced by either iron chelation or knockdown of <i>IREB2</i>, an iron regulatory gene. <sup>1</sup> Differences in iron content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid have been reported in smokers compared to non-smokers, <sup>2</sup> so we hypothesised that iron dysregulation might be an active mechanism of cancer progression in smokers. <h3>Methods</h3> Two lung cancer cell lines were cultured with either ferrous (Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+) forms of iron, or with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and migration were assessed by BRDU assay, FACS and scratch wound assay respectively. Iron regulation was assessed by means of gene expression and Western blot for <i>IREB2</i> (protein product IRP2), ferritin and transferrin receptor. Resected lung cancers (n = 78) were stained for iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) and staining related to clinical features such as tumour size and survival. <h3>Results</h3> Cancer cells proliferated more in the presence of ferrous iron or 5% CSE (p Cancers staining positive for IRP2 tended to be larger (p = 0.045) and survival poorer (p = 0.079). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Proliferation of cancer cells driven by iron dysregulation may be a clinically relevant mechanism in lung cancer, particularly in smokers. <h3>References</h3> Kay <i>et al</i>, <i>Thorax</i> (2013) 68:A67-A68 Nelson <i>et al</i>,<i> AJRCCM</i> (1996) 153: 1353–8
NHS must publish more data and value staff more, outgoing chief says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The past year has seen a “turning point” for the NHS in England, its retiring chief executive believes. David Nicholson told the annual general meeting of NHS England on Thursday 12 September that in the three years since he sat in a room with then health secretary, Andrew Lansley, and heard about his vision for the NHS, important steps had been taken to build an organisation that was consistent with its values. Nicholson characterised these values as “everyone counts”—the title of a policy document published by NHS England in April, immediately after it took over its full powers.

Nicholson, who, the accounts disclose,1 is due to draw a pension of close to £120 000 when he leaves office on 1 April 2014, said that he had learnt “a whole series of lessons” from the establishment of NHS England. He mentioned three: “invest and think about the future, embrace transparency, and value your assets.”

Too often, he said, NHS managers found it …
Site-specific PEGylation of lidamycin and its antitumor activity
Authors: Liang Li, Boyang Shang, Lei Hu, Rongguang Shao, Yongsu Zhen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

In this study, N-terminal site-specific mono-PEGylation of the recombinant lidamycin apoprotein (rLDP) of lidamycin (LDM) was prepared using a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) derivative (M w 20 kDa) through a reactive terminal aldehyde group under weak acidic conditions (pH 5.5). The biochemical properties of mPEG-rLDP-AE, an enediyne-integrated conjugate, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, SEC-HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Meanwhile, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of mPEG-rLDP-AE was evaluated by MTT assays and in xenograft model. The results indicated that mPEG-rLDP-AE showed significant antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. After PEGylation, mPEG-rLDP still retained the binding capability to the enediyne AE and presented the physicochemical characteristics similar to that of native LDP. It is of interest that the PEGylation did not diminish the antitumor efficacy of LDM, implying the possibility that this derivative may function as a payload to deliver novel tumor-targeted drugs.
Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Management of Hypertension
Authors: Katrin Uhlig, Kamal Patel, Stanley Ip, Georgios D. Kitsios, Ethan M. Balk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that adults with hypertension self-monitor their blood pressure (BP). Purpose: To summarize evidence about the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring in adults with hypertension. Data Sources: MEDLINE (inception to 8 February 2013) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (fourth quarter 2012). Study Selection: 52 prospective comparative studies of SMBP monitoring with or without additional support versus usual care or an alternative SMBP monitoring intervention in persons with hypertension. Data Extraction: Data on population, interventions, BP, other outcomes, and study method were extracted. Random-effects model meta-analyses were done. Data Synthesis: For SMBP monitoring alone versus usual care (26 comparisons), moderate-strength evidence supports a lower BP with SMBP monitoring at 6 months (summary net difference, −3.9 mm Hg and −2.4 mm Hg for systolic BP and diastolic BP) but not at 12 months. For SMBP monitoring plus additional support versus usual care (25 comparisons), high-strength evidence supports a lower BP with use of SMBP monitoring, ranging from −3.4 to −8.9 mm Hg for systolic BP and from −1.9 to −4.4 mm Hg for diastolic BP, at 12 months in good-quality studies. For SMBP monitoring plus additional support versus SMBP monitoring alone or with less intense additional support (13 comparisons), low-strength evidence fails to support a difference. Across all comparisons, evidence for clinical outcomes is insufficient. For other surrogate or intermediate outcomes, low-strength evidence fails to show differences. Limitation: Clinical heterogeneity in protocols for SMBP monitoring, additional support, BP targets, and management; follow-up of 1 year or less in most studies, with sparse clinical outcome data. Conclusion: Self-measured BP monitoring with or without additional support lowers BP compared with usual care, but the BP effect beyond 12 months and long-term benefits remain uncertain. Additional support enhances the BP-lowering effect. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Strategies and techniques for sample collection and analysis: experience from the Swedish PCB accidents.
Authors: C Rappe, S Marklund, L O Kjeller, P A Bergqvist, M Hansson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A series of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) fires and explosion in PCB-filled capacitors and transformers is discussed. A sampling program followed by isomer specific determination of trace levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) is described. Data from a series of Swedish PCB accidents are given. In addition to PCDFs and PCDDs, we have also found a series of polychlorinated biphenylenes (PCBPs). Cleaning of contaminated areas was done by vacuum cleaning followed by high pressure washing.
Quantification of collateral blood flow in coarctation of the aorta by velocity encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: J C Steffens, M W Bourne, H Sakuma, M O'Sullivan, C B Higgins
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Knowledge about the volume of collateral flow provides insight into the severity of coarctation of the aorta and may be critical in planning the operative approach. There is currently no method for the quantification of collateral flow in coarctation of the aorta. In this study, we applied velocity encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging (VENC-MR) to establish the flow pattern and volume of collateral flow in the descending thoracic aorta in normal subjects and patients with coarctation, introducing a new possibility to quantify the severity of the coarctation by determining the amount of collateral flow.VENC-MR was used to measure flow in the proximal and distal descending thoracic aorta in 10 normal subjects. In 23 patients with coarctation, flow was measured near the coarctation site and above the diaphragm. Patients were divided into a group with moderate to severe coarctation and a group with mild coarctation on the basis of clinical gradient between upper and lower extremities and the estimation of the gradient across the coarctation by Doppler echocardiography. The gradient across the coarctation and the degree of anatomic narrowing were also assessed by MR imaging. In normal volunteers, VENC-MR showed a 7 +/- 6% decrease in total flow, from proximal to distal aorta. The interobserver reproducibility was 3.9% to 4.9% (mean, 4.4%). In patients with moderate to severe coarctation, VENC-MR demonstrated an 83 +/- 50% increase in total flow from proximal to distal aorta, yielding a significant change compared with normal subjects (P < .01). Patients with mild coarctation showed a normal flow pattern and no significant change in total flow. There was a significant relation between the amount of flow increase in the distal aorta and the reduction in luminal diameter at the coarctation site (r = .94) as well as the clinical gradient (r = .84).This study shows the normal flow pattern in the descending thoracic aorta and its reversal in coarctation due to collateral flow. Thus, VENC-MR can measure collateral flow in coarctation and serves as a unique method for providing this important measurement of the severity of coarctation of the aorta.
Rapid and strong antiviral activity of the non-nucleosidic NS5B polymerase inhibitor BI 207127 in combination with peginterferon alfa 2a and ribavirin
Authors: Dominique Larrey, Ansgar W. Lohse, Victor de Ledinghen, Christian Trepo, Tilman Gerlach, Jean-Pierre Zarski, Albert Tran, Philippe Mathurin, Robert Thimme, Keikawus Arastéh, Christian Trautwein, Andreas Cerny, Nektarios Dikopoulos, Marcus Schuchmann, Markus H. Heim, Guido Gerken, Jerry O. Stern, Katherine Wu, Nasri Abdallah, Birgit Girlich, Joseph Scherer, Frank Berger, Martin Marquis, George Kukolj, Wulf Böcher, Jürgen Steffgen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Ulinastatin, a Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor, for the Initial Treatment of Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Takashi Kanai, Takahiro Ishiwata, Tohru Kobayashi, Hiroki Sato, Mari Takizawa, Yoichi Kawamura, Hiroshi Tsujimoto, Keigo Nakatani, Naoko Ishibashi, Mitsunori Nishiyama, Yoshiho Hatai, Yuh Asano, Tomio Kobayashi, Seiichiro Takeshita, Shigeaki Nonoyama
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Markedly activated neutrophils or higher plasma levels of neutrophil elastase are involved in the poor response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the formation of coronary artery lesions (CAL) in patients with acute Kawasaki disease. We hypothesized that ulinastatin (UTI), by both direct and indirect suppression of neutrophils, would reduce the occurrence of CAL.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients with Kawasaki disease between 1998 and 2009. Three hundred sixty-nine patients were treated with a combination of UTI, aspirin, and IVIG as an initial treatment (UTI group), and 1178 were treated with a conventional initial treatment, and IVIG with aspirin (control group). The baseline characteristics did not demonstrate notable differences between the two groups. The occurrence of CAL was significantly lower in the UTI group than in the control group (3% versus 7%; crude odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.86; P=0.01). The OR adjusted for sex, Gunma score (the predictive score for IVIG unresponsiveness), and dosage of initial IVIG (1 or 2 g/kg) was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.17-0.60; P<0.001). In addition, most CAL occurred in patients requiring additional rescue treatment and the proportion of those patients was significantly lower in the UTI group than in the control group (13% versus 22%; crude OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38-0.73; P<0.001). The adjusted OR was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.20-0.44; P<0.001).UTI was associated with fewer patients requiring additional rescue treatment and reduction of CAL in this retrospective study.
Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and placental CYP1A1 activity in Inuit women from northern Québec.
Authors: Daria Pereg, Eric Dewailly, Guy G Poirier, Pierre Ayotte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Some polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners are CYP1A1 inducers, and induction of this enzyme in the placenta has been linked to adverse effects on fetal development. The objective of this study was to determine if the body burden of PCBs is related to placental CYP1A1 activity in Inuit women from Nunavik (northern Québec), a population highly exposed to organochlorines. Placenta and cord blood samples were obtained from 35 Inuit women and 30 women from a southern Québec community exposed to background levels of organochlorines. We measured PCB concentrations in all cord plasma samples and in a subset of placenta samples from the Nunavik group and assessed CYP1A1 activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; EROD) in placental microsomes from all participants. Concentrations of PCBs in cord plasma were strongly correlated to those in placenta (Pearson's r) = 0.77-0.97, p < 0.001) and were on average 4-fold higher in Inuit women than in southern Québec women [for PCB 153, the geometric means (geometric SDs) were 83.3 (1.9) ng/g lipid vs. 16.9 (1.6) ng/g lipid, respectively]. Despite this difference in PCB body burden, both study groups had similar EROD activities when data were stratified according to tobacco smoking. Although simple correlation analysis first showed that placental EROD activity was correlated with PCB 153 plasma concentration in the Nunavik group, a multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate a significant contribution of PCBs to EROD activity when tobacco smoking was included in the analysis. We conclude that dietary exposure to PCBs in Inuit women from Nunavik does not significantly influence EROD activity in the placenta, implicating tobacco smoking as the major modulating factor.
Basis of Plasma Iron Exchange in the Rabbit
Authors: Helmut Huebers, David Uvelli, Antonio Celada, Betty Josephson, Clement Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Rabbit transferrin in vitro is shown to load ferrous iron at random on its specific binding sites. The release of iron to reticulocytes is shown to be an all-or-none phenomenon. The two monoferric transferrins have similar in vivo plasma iron clearance rates and tissue distribution. Diferric transferrin, while giving a similar tissue distribution of radioiron, has a plasma iron clearance rate approximately twice that of the monoferric transferrins at low plasma iron concentrations. This difference diminishes as the plasma iron concentration increases. These results are consistent with a progressively greater in vivo conversion of mono- to diferric transferrin as transferrin saturation increases. The in vivo plasma iron turnover in the rabbit increases progressively as the plasma iron increases, from a mean value of ∼0.8 mg/dl whole blood per d at a plasma iron concentration of 50 μg/dl to 2.0 at a plasma iron concentration of 300.