tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Initial Employment Status of Resident Physicians Completing Training in 1995
Authors: Rebecca S. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To assess the degree and type of difficulty encountered by resident physicians attempting to enter the workforce in 1995.Employment information derived from a 1-page descriptive survey completed by residency program directors from January 1, 1996, to June 15,1996, is described and compared with the results of a similar survey completed 1 year earlier.Directors of 4568 residency programs in 31 specialties and subspecialties accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.The number of 1995 program graduates, their current professional status, and program directors' characterization of the experience of graduates who entered clinical practice, including the number who experienced major difficulties securing an acceptable practice position. Program directors reported actual and anticipated decreases in the number of residency positions and the likely availability of future professional opportunities.The 3819 program directors (83.6%) who completed the survey reported that 20065 resident physicians completed a residency program during 1995. Of those seeking employment (n = 13215), most entered clinical practice (80.1%) or took an academic position (15.6%); 2.2% were unemployed or had taken a position in a specialty or subspecialty different from the one in which they were last trained. A portion (6.3%) of graduates who entered clinical practice in their specialty or subspecialty experienced difficulty finding a suitable position; the percentage was lowest among graduates of general surgery, psychiatry, and primary care specialties.Survey results regarding the 1995 graduates are consistent with those obtained regarding the 1994 graduates and suggest that the market for physician services in some disciplines continues to be restrictive. We found that graduates of the specialties of anesthesiology and plastic surgery, whom we reported had the greatest difficulty finding acceptable positions in 1994, had less difficulty in 1995, suggesting a possible improvement in the market, less competition, a change in the respondents' perception of "acceptable," or a change in the resident physicians' willingness to pursue different opportunities. The general consistency of our results and their congruence with other published data suggest that this method is useful to identify and monitor trends in the physician market.
Rifampin: A Suicidal Dose
Authors: STEVEN MEISEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 February 1980Rifampin: A Suicidal DoseSTEVEN MEISEL, PHARM.D., ROY BROWER, M.D.STEVEN MEISEL, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROY BROWER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-2-262_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Adverse reactions to rifampin have been reported to occur in up to 6% of exposed patients (1). These usually consist of mild gastrointestinal disturbances and cutaneous reactions, although significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been reported (2, 3). We wish to report a heretofore undescribed reaction associated with the ingestion of rifampin.A 15-year-old Navajo girl was brought to the emergency room with progressive lethargy, obtundation, generalized pruritis, and marked facial edemaApproximately 6 hours previously she had ingested an unknown quantity of rifampin in a suicide gesture. Vital signs were normal on admission and remained so throughout the...References1. GIRLINGHITZE DK. Adverse reactions to rifampicin. Bull WHO. 1979;57:45-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BANSALBENNETTMOLNAR VDZ. Prolonged renal failure after rifampin. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977;116:137-40. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CAPELLEDHUMEAUXMORAFELDMANNBERTHELOT PDMGP. Effect of rifampicin on liver function in man. Gut. 1972;13:366-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PINESRAAFATSIDDIQUI AHG. Rifampicin and ethambutol in the treatment of drug resistant and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. J Irish Med Assoc. 1970;63:82-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Public Health Service Indian Hospital Keams Canyon, AZ 86034 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRifamycinsANTIBACTERIAL DRUGSRifamycinsRifampin*AntimicrobialsThe clinical use of an antibiotic-bonded graftA Bibliography on Suicide and Suicide Attempts among American Indians and Alaska NativesA Review of the Redman Syndrome and Rifampicin OverdosageOral Antibiotic Therapy of Dermatologic ConditionsRed child syndrome.Antibacterial therapyAcute rifampin overdose: A pharmacokinetic study and review of the literatureOral Antimicrobial DrugsRifampinA case of fatal poisoning by rifampicinDrugs used in tuberculosis and leprosyMetabolism and Pharmacokinetics of the Antibiotic Rifampin 1 February 1980Volume 92, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 262-263KeywordsAdverse reactionsEmergency departmentIngestionPruritusSuicideVital signs Issue Published: 1 February 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bernard John Harries
Authors: J. Harries
Journal: BMJ (2009)

At University College Hospital Medical School Bernard was awarded the Goldsmid Entrance Scholarship in 1936 and the Liston Gold Medal for Surgery in 1938. After qualifying and the outbreak of the second world war he volunteered as a lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1939. He saw service with the 131 Field Ambulance in France and Belgium from January to May 1940. He was captured in 1940 and was held as a prisoner of war at several camps in Germany and …
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SURVIVAL OF SPIROCHETES IN THE FROZEN STATE
Authors: Thomas B. Turner, Nancy L. Brayton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

TITRATION EXPERIMENTS MADE WITH RELAPSING FEVER SPIROCHETES BEFORE AND AFTER FREEZING SHOWED THE FOLLOWING: 1. With each freezing and thawing there is a slight but regular decrease in virulence, which decrease bears no relation to the duration of storage at - 78 degrees C. Ordinarily infectivity is destroyed by more than 4 refreezings. 2. There was not always close correlation between motility and infectivity. 3. Cooling spirochetes from 0 degrees C. to -78 degrees C. over a 2 to 6 hour period damages them only slightly more than does rapid cooling, but warming from - 78 degrees C. to 0 degrees C. over a 2 to 6 hour period kills most of the organisms. Rapid thawing, as in a water bath, damages the spirochetes less than thawing more slowly, as at room temperature. 4. At storage temperatures of -12 degrees C. and -20 degrees C. there is a gradual decrease in virulence over a period of days or weeks, and by the 6th week the infectivity of the material is markedly reduced.
The role of HLA genes in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis using a “humanized” transgenic mouse model
Authors: C.J. Bellone, S. Koehm, E. Hembrador, P.S. Hutcheson, T. Trejo, C.S. David, D.E. deMello, R.G. Slavin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
P181 Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring in hypercapnoeic respiratory failure: a meta-analysis of prospective studies: Abstract P181 Table 1.
Authors: J Van Oppen, P Thiagarajan, A Khanna, M Sovani
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The role of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring (P<sub>tc</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) for patients with respiratory failure has been studied in a variety of clinical settings. However, its accuracy compared to arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO­<sub>2</sub>) in patients undergoing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for hypercapnoeic respiratory failure has not been validated. The degree to which PtcCO<sub>2</sub> approximates 'gold-standard' PaCO­<sub>2</sub> in this context was evaluated in a meta-analysis including 16 prospective observational studies. <h3>Methods</h3> 16 prospective studies evaluating PtcCO<sub>2</sub> as a correlate for PaCO<sub>2</sub> in patient cohorts undergoing NIV were included. In all cases, Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare agreement among measures. Mean bias between the two methods of measurement was calculated for each study, along with standard deviations for each data set. The mean weighted bias was subsequently calculated using the formula (Bias ⋉ N)/N <h3>Results</h3> Mean weighted bias for the populations studied was 0.06 kPa ( ± 2SD 2.40 kPa). <h3>Discussion</h3> Patients with hypercapnoeic respiratory failure undergoing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) require regular measurements of PCO<sub>2</sub> and pH status in order to optimise treatment. The current gold standard for measurement of PCO<sub>2</sub> is arterial blood gas sampling. In critical care environments this necessitates placement of an indwelling arterial catheter, a painful procedure which carries a risk of complications including thrombotic occlusion, distal ischaemia, infection and pseudoaneurysm formation. Whilst accurate, arterial PCO<sub>2</sub> measurement provides a single, static reading of an inherently dynamic process in the context of hypercapnoeic respiratory failure. Transcutaenous PCO<sub>2</sub> monitoring may prove a suitable and reliable non-invasive method for analysing partial pressure of carbon dioxide, with good approximation to arterial values. Our results suggest that transcutaneous CO<sub>2 </sub>monitoring may be used as a reliable surrogate to arterial CO<sub>2 </sub>measurements in specific patient populations undergoing NIV. However, variance is wide and further studies are needed to establish whether PtcCO<sub>2</sub> is a sufficiently accurate marker on which to base treatment decisions.
NTP taps disinfection by-products for study.
Authors: S M Booker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The use of chlorination to purify water supplies is considered one of the most important public health advances of the twentieth century. Following the 1908 introduction of widespread water chlorination, once-common diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever were practically eliminated. However, the chlorination cure-all proved to have a caveat: disinfection by-products (DBPs), which result from the reaction between the chlorine added during chlorination and organic material such as leaves and sediment in the source water. In the mid-1970s, certain DBPs were found to cause adverse health effects including cancer in laboratory animals.
Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users.
Authors: M Stang, D K Wysowski, D Butler-Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of lactic acidosis in a geographically defined population of metformin users.The study was based on a historical cohort from the Saskatchewan Health administrative databases. Individuals with a metformin prescription dispensed between 1980 and 1995 inclusive were eligible for the cohort. Person-years of exposure were calculated. Cases were defined by hospital discharge with a diagnosis of acidosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code: 276.2) and confirmation by chart review of a blood lactate level > or = 5 mmol/l. Death registrations of individuals dying within 120 days of a metformin prescription were also reviewed.During the study period, 11,797 residents received one or more metformin prescriptions, resulting in 22,296 person-years of exposure. There were 10 subjects who had hospital discharges with a diagnosis of acidosis. However, primary record review revealed only two cases with laboratory findings of elevated blood lactate levels, for an incidence rate of 9 cases per 100,000 person-years of metformin exposure. In both cases, other factors besides metformin could have contributed to the lactic acidosis. No additional cases were found on review of death registrations.From 1980 through 1995, the incidence rate of lactic acidosis was 9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 0-21) in patients dispensed metformin in Saskatchewan, Canada. This incidence rate was derived from a population with complete ascertainment of hospitalizations and deaths associated with lactic acidosis in metformin users. It is similar to previously published rates based on passive reporting of cases, and it is well below the lactic acidosis rate of 40-64 per 100,000 patient-years in patients prescribed phenformin.
The Treatment of Schistosomiasis by Hemofiltration.
Authors: B. H. Kean
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968The Treatment of Schistosomiasis by Hemofiltration.B. H. Kean, M.D., F.A.C.P., Edward I. Goldsmith, M.D.B. H. Kean, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Edward I. Goldsmith, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1174_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe medical treatment of schistosomiasis is inadequate. In an attempt to cure some of the 200 million people in the world who have this disease, we devised surgical procedures to filter the parasites from the bloodstream. The large size of the parasites (1 cm), their longevity (decades), their localization in portal or systemic veins, and the fact that they do not reproduce in the host were some theoretical considerations in the development of these operations. InSchistosoma mansoniinfections, parasites were "driven" from their usual site in the veins of the large bowel toward the liver and were intercepted by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 174-175KeywordsHemofiltrationLiverSchistosomiasisVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Loss-of-function variants in ABCA7 confer risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stacy Steinberg, Hreinn Stefansson, Thorlakur Jonsson, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Andres Ingason, Hannes Helgason, Patrick Sulem, Olafur Th Magnusson, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Unnur Unnsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Seppo Helisalmi, Hilkka Soininen, James J Lah, DemGene, Dag Aarsland, Tormod Fladby, Ingun D Ulstein, Srdjan Djurovic, Sigrid B Sando, Linda R White, Gun-Peggy Knudsen, Lars T Westlye, Geir Selbæk, Ina Giegling, Harald Hampel, Mikko Hiltunen, Allan I Levey, Ole A Andreassen, Dan Rujescu, Palmi V Jonsson, Sigurbjorn Bjornsson, Jon Snaedal, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Coronary Artery Aneurysms After Adult-Onset Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Ryota Inokuchi, Hideaki Kurata, Masaki Harada, Yuta Aoki, Takehiro Matsubara, Kent Doi, Takeshi Ishii, Masataka Gunshin, Takahiro Hiruma, Susumu Nakajima, Naoki Yahagi
Journal: Circulation (2013)
The Way of the Physician
Authors: Thomas A. Preston
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The aim of this book is to demonstrate that the meaning of being a physician can only be recovered through a rediscovery of the question of the meaning of life itself, the meaning of being alive. In this introductory statement, Jacob Needleman, a philosopher, makes clear the metaphysical subject of his book. But wait! He sees medicine as a metaphor of the human condition and physicians as uniquely placed to explore the meaning of existence. If you want to plumb your own self and get beyond the mechanics of your professional practices to what they really mean to your patients, and therefore to you, read this book.  To avoid writing a philosophical essay and to allow diversity as well as his own progression of thought, Needleman uses the technique of letters to his old family physician— who imprinted on him a romantic view of The Great Physician—and discussions with unusually
Erratum: Corrigendum: Common variants in DGKK are strongly associated with risk of hypospadias
Authors: Loes F M van der Zanden, Iris A L M van Rooij, Wout F J Feitz, Jo Knight, A Rogier T Donders, Kirsten Y Renkema, Ernie M H F Bongers, Sita H H M Vermeulen, Lambertus A L M Kiemeney, Joris A Veltman, Alejandro Arias-Vásquez, Xufeng Zhang, Ellen Markljung, Liang Qiao, Laurence S Baskin, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Nel Roeleveld, Barbara Franke, Nine V A M Knoers
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
CLINICAL CONDITIONS OF ALKALOSIS
Authors: LUDWIG KAST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Alkalosis is the term that has been employed to cover those conditions which are associated with a shifting of the acid-base balance of the blood from the normal definitely to the alkaline side. Although this term has been used for several years, and a number of papers have appeared describing conditions in which an alkalosis no doubt existed, the data, with a very few exceptions, have been inconclusive for the reason that the p H of the blood was not ascertained. Our observations lead us to believe that alkalosis is a condition that is much more common than has ordinarily been supposed and has often been overlooked by the clinician.  In health, the blood is uniformly maintained at a constant slightly alkaline reaction ( p H of about 7.4) through the influence of the bicarbonate, the phosphate and the proteins of the blood. The chlorid shift, whereby the chlorin ion may
Politics as a determinant of health
Authors: Christopher Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

misclassification bias explaining our results produced by dictatorships worsening their health figures for international agencies seems remote.The underlying mechanisms for the association between democracy and health are still unknown.Democracies allow for more space for social capital (for example, social networks, pressure groups), 12 opportunities for empowerment, better access to information, and better recognition by government of people's needs. 13As we describe a new relation in the literature, our finding should be confirmed using longitudinal designs and potential causal pathways explored.If the relation is confirmed, the extent of freedom of a country could provide a new approach to decreasing national mortality.The way societies organise themselves through their political regimes and their egalitarian policies could have a more important role in health than structural variables such as wealth and the size of the public sector.Increasing democratisation may be a way to counteract the deleterious effect on health of the unequal distribution of economic resources on a global scale.
Pain and Treatment of Pain in Minority Patients with Cancer: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Minority Outpatient Pain Study
Authors: Charles S. Cleeland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Clinics that primarily see members of ethnic minority groups have been found to provide inadequate treatment of cancer-related pain. The extent of undertreatment of pain in these patients and the factors that contribute to undertreatment are not known. Objectives: To evaluate the severity of cancer-related pain and the adequacy of prescribed analgesics in minority outpatients with cancer. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Patients: 281 minority outpatients with recurrent or metastatic cancer. Measurements: Patients and physicians independently rated severity of pain, pain-related functional impairment, and pain relief obtained by taking analgesic drugs. Analgesic adequacy was determined on the basis of accepted guidelines. Results: 77% of patients reported disease-related pain or took analgesics; 41% of patients reporting pain had severe pain. Sixty-five percent of minority patients did not receive guideline-recommended analgesic prescriptions compared with 50% of nonminority patients (P < 0.001). Hispanic patients in particular reported less pain relief and had less adequate analgesia. Conclusions: The awareness that minority patients do not receive adequate pain control and that better assessment of pain is needed may improve control of cancer-related pain in this patient population.
Biliary Tract Obstruction in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: STEPHEN J. MARGULIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had biliary obstruction resulting from benign strictures of the biliary tract. Stenosis of the distal common bile duct with differing degrees of irregularity of the smaller intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts was seen in association with either cryptosporidial or cytomegaloviral infection of the biliary tree. We review cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections of the biliary system, as well as possible relationships with idiopathic primary sclerosing cholangitis. Stenotic biliary tract disease appears to be yet another complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Forward stroke volume is preserved during left ventricular remodeling after mitral valve repair
Authors: Joon-Han Shin, Takahiro Shiota, Jian-Xin Qin, Yong-Jin Kim, Zoran B. Popovic, A.Marc Gillinov, Delos M. Cosgrove, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Simultaneous Cardiac Echography and Phonocardiography in the Interpretation of Prosthetic Valve Sounds.
Authors: R. L. Popp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Simultaneous Cardiac Echography and Phonocardiography in the Interpretation of Prosthetic Valve Sounds.R. L. Popp, M.D., F.A.C.P., D. J. Goodman, M.D., T. B. Berndt, M.D., O. R. Brown, D. C. Harrison, M.D.R. L. Popp, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, D. J. Goodman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. B. Berndt, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, O. R. BrownSearch for more papers by this author, D. C. Harrison, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-822_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVariability in the intensity and timing of prosthetic valve sounds suggests valve malfunction. Several patients with prosthetic valves displayed such a variable ausculatory finding in the presence of abnormal heart rhythms. This prompted investigation of poppet motion within the prosthesis, using simultaneous recordings of cardiac echograms and phonocardiograms. Fifteen patients with abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature contractions, first-degree and complete heart block) and prosthetic mitral valves were studied. Abrupt closure of the valve was caused by premature beats. Apparently physiologic motion of the poppet toward the closed position occurred either during prolonged diastole or prolonged P-R interval, with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 822-822KeywordsAtrial fibrillationDiastoleHeartUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...