tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial outbreak of staphyloccocal scalded skin syndrome in neonates in England, December 2012 to March 2013
Authors: K Paranthaman, A Bentley, L M Milne, A Kearns, S Loader, A Thomas, F Thompson, M Logan, S Newitt, R Puleston
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering skin condition caused by exfoliative toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Outbreaks of SSSS in maternity settings are rarely reported. We describe an outbreak of SSSS that occurred among neonates born at a maternity unit in England during December 2012 to March 2013. Detailed epidemiological and microbiological investigations were undertaken. Eight neonates were found to be infected with the outbreak strain of S. aureus, of spa type t346, representing a single pulsotype. All eight isolates contained genes encoding exfoliative toxin A (eta) and six of them contained genes encoding toxin B (etb). Nasal swabs taken during targeted staff screening yielded a staphylococcal carriage rate of 21% (17/80), but none contained the outbreak strain. Mass screening involving multi-site swabbing and pooled, enrichment culture identified a healthcare worker (HCW) with the outbreak strain. This HCW was known to have a chronic skin condition and their initial nasal screen was negative. The outbreak ended when they were excluded from work. This outbreak highlights the need for implementing robust swabbing and culture methods when conventional techniques are unsuccessful in identifying staff carrier(s). This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the role of HCWs in nosocomial transmission of S. aureus.
Prognosis in the Anarthritic Rheumatoid Syndrome
Authors: L. Bagratuni
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Transient joint-swelling 8 Loss of weight 37 Fever and sweating 29 Headache . .16 Cough 12 Abdominal symptoms (flatu- lence, vomiting, diarrhoea) 23 Skin lesions: Nodules 7 Erythematous rash
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: R. J. Wong, D. T. Lin, H. Schöder, S. G. Patel, M. Gonen, S. Wolden, D. G. Pfister, J. P. Shah, S. M. Larson, D. H. Kraus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in this patient population.We performed a retrospective review of 143 patients with previously treated HNSCC who underwent 181 PET scans at our institution from May 1996 through April 2001 to detect recurrent disease. Disease recurrence within 6 months was used as the gold standard for assessing true disease status at PET.With equivocal sites considered positive, the sensitivity and specificity of PET for detecting recurrence overall were 96% and 72%, respectively. PET was highly sensitive and specific at regional and distant sites. At local sites, sensitivity was high, but specificity was lower because of false-positive findings. One fifth of all false-positive PET scans occurred at sites of known inflammation or infection. The area under the curve for a receiver operator characteristic curve on the basis of standardized uptake value (SUV) was 0.882 +/- 0.025. PET interpretation, SUV, and physical examination were independent predictors of relapse-free and overall survival in a time-dependent, multivariate proportional hazards model. An increase in SUV by one unit increased the relative risk (RR) of relapse by 11% and the RR of death by 14%. A positive PET interpretation increased the RR of relapse by four-fold and the RR of death by seven-fold.PET was a highly sensitive method of detecting recurrent HNSCC and provided important prognostic information for relapse-free and overall survival.
Hemoperitoneum in a woman with acute paraplegia
Authors: M.-Y. Lai, W.-C. Yang, J.-Y. Chen, C.-C. Lin, Y.-Y. Ng
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

A 62-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and lower limb weakness. She had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diffuse atherosclerosis, and renal failure from nephrosclerosis, and had been on peritoneal dialysis for 10 years. A clinical diagnosis of spinal cord infarction with paraplegia was made, and an MRI was arranged. However, she rapidly went into shock with a limited response to intravenous fluids and vasopressors. Rhabdomyolysis with elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) up to 55,620 U/l was noted. The peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent, initially clear (bag a in Figure 1), became ‘cola-colored’ (reddish-brown) (bag c in Figure 1). The patient eventually died of pulseless electric activity associated with neurogenic shock and severe metabolic acidosis. The ‘cola-like’ color of the effluent was resistant to centrifugation (tube c in Figure 2). Further analysis of the effluent showed creatine phosphokinase 965 U/l, lactate dehydrogenase 1,652 U/l, myoglobin 20,405.5 μg/l, red blood cells (RBC) 26/μl, and white blood cells (WBC) 1/μl. Hemoglobinemia is an unusual cause of hemoperitoneum in patients on peritoneal dialysis.Figure 2(b) The artificially bloody PD effluent became clear with precipitation of blood cells after centrifugation. (c) The ‘cola-like’ PD effluent was resistant to centrifugation.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload (PPT)
Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies directed against acetaldehyde-derived epitopes: Relationship to liver disease severity and alcohol consumption
Authors: K Viitala, Y Israel, J E Blake, O Niemela
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Chronic ethanol ingestion has been suggested to trigger the formation of antibodies that recognize acetaldehyde-protein condensates. In this study, assays for immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM antibodies to acetaldehyde-derived adducts were performed on sera of 140 alcohol consumers, 19 patients with nonalcoholic liver disease (NALD), 35 healthy nondrinking controls, and 10 nondrinking patients with IgA or IgG myeloma. Anti-acetaldehyde (Ach)-adduct antibodies of each Ig isotype were found from the alcohol abusers. In alcoholic liver disease (ALD, n = 86) IgA titers were elevated in 69% of the patients. These titers were significantly higher than those from patients with NALD ( P &lt; .001), nondrinking controls ( P &lt; .001), or heavy drinkers (n = 54) without any clinical and biochemical signs of liver disease ( P &lt; .001). In contrast, anti-adduct IgG titers were significantly elevated both in ALD and in heavy drinkers as compared with patients with NALD ( P &lt; .001) or nondrinking controls ( P &lt; .01 and P &lt; .05, respectively). The anti-adduct immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM titers in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) correlated with the combined clinical and laboratory index of liver disease severity (r s = .497, P &lt; .001; r s = .361, P &lt; .01; and r(s) = .322, P &lt; .01). Anti-adduct IgA titers also correlated with serum bilirubin (r = .768, P &lt; .001) and interleukin 6 (r = .504, P &lt; .001). Anti-adduct IgG titers were, in turn, found to correlate with the presence of inflammation ( P &lt; .01) and necrosis ( P &lt; .01). During follow-up studies of individual patients, parallel changes were observed in the anti-adduct IgG titers, disease severity, and serum markers of fibrogenesis. The present results provide evidence that antibodies representing distinct Ig classes directed against acetaldehyde (Ach)-derived adducts of proteins are formed in alcoholic patients showing an association with the severity of liver disease. The follow-up data also support an association between such immune responses and the aggravation of liver disease.
Analysis of Bilirubins in Biological Fluids by Extraction and Thin-Layer Chromatography of the Intact Tetrapyrroles: Application to Bile of Patients with Gilbert's Syndrome, Hemolysis, or Cholelithiasis
Authors: Johan Fevery, Norbert Blanckaert, Pol Leroy, Roger Michiels, Karel P.M. Heirwegh
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

A method was developed to extract quantitatively the bilirubins from bile, urine, serum, stool, and preparations from liver with a chloroform–ethanol mixture at pH 1.8 in the presence of ascorbic acid and NaCl. Extracted pigment was submitted to thin–layer chromatography, and the separated bilirubins were either immediately eluted and determined spectrophotometrically or individually converted to ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives for thin–layer chromatographic analysis of each isolated pigment band. Bilirubins in duodenal bile of eight healthy adults comprised 1.5 ± 1.3% unconjugated bilirubin–IXα, 69 ± 6% bilirubin diglucuronide, and 16 ± 4% bilirubin monoglucuronides. Mixed diconjugates containing one glucuronosyl moiety and either one xylosyl or one glucosyl group amounted to 10 ± 3%. Most samples (6 of 8) contained trace amounts (0.6 ± 0.6%) of unconjugated bilirubin–IXβ, in agreement with nearly exclusive cleavage of heme at the α–meso position. The composition of the bilirubins in bile was normal in 6 patients with cholesterol gallstones, 4 with chronic hepatitis, and 3 with hemolysis. In duodenal bile of individuals with Gilbert's syndrome (n = 10), the concentration of bttirubin conjugates was comparable to that in healthy adults, but the proportion of bilirubin diglucuronides (52 ± 8%) was decreased. The concentration of unconjugated bilirubin–IXα showed a fair positive correlation with that of bilirubin monoglucuronide and was increased in half of the patients with Gilbert's syndrome.
“Well, that's <i>one</i> way”: Interactivity in parsing and production
Authors: Christine Howes, Patrick G. T. Healey, Arash Eshghi, Julian Hough
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We present empirical evidence from dialogue that challenges some of the key assumptions in the Pickering &amp; Garrod (P&amp;G) model of speaker-hearer coordination in dialogue. The P&amp;G model also invokes an unnecessarily complex set of mechanisms. We show that a computational implementation, currently in development and based on a simpler model, can account for more of this type of dialogue data.
Analysis of the Factors Related to Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Toru Oga, Koichi Nishimura, Mitsuhiro Tsukino, Susumu Sato, Takashi Hajiro
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In this study, we analyzed the relationships of exercise capacity and health status to mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recruited 150 male outpatients with stable COPD with a mean postbronchodilator FEV1 at 47.4% of predicted. Their pulmonary function, progressive cycle ergometry, and health status using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the Breathing Problems Questionnaire were measured at entry. Among 144 patients who were available for the 5-year follow-up, 31 had died. Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the SGRQ total score and the Breathing Problems Questionnaire were significantly correlated with mortality; however, with the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire, the total score was not significantly correlated. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the peak oxygen uptake and the SGRQ total score were both predictive of mortality, independent of FEV1 and age. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the peak oxygen uptake was the most significant predictor of mortality. We found that exercise capacity and health status were significantly correlated with mortality, although different health status measures had different abilities to predict mortality. These results will have a potentially great impact on the multidimensional evaluation of disease severity in COPD.
A novel potassium channel gene, KCNQ2, is mutated in an inherited epilepsy of newborns
Authors: Nanda A. Singh, Carole Charlier, Dora Stauffer, Barbara R. DuPont, Robin J. Leach, Roberta Melis, Gabriel M. Ronen, Ingrid Bjerre, Thomas Quattlebaum, Jerome V. Murphy, Malcolm L. McHarg, David Gagnon, Teodoro O. Rosales, Andy Peiffer, V. Elving Anderson, Mark Leppert
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Severe traffic injuries to children, Trent, 1992-7: time trend analysis
Authors: C. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Severe traffic injuries to children, Trent, 1992-7: time trend analysis Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Some patients shouldn't change your practice
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

He was covered in mud and cradling his injured wrist but clearly thought that winning the final was well worth a fractured scaphoid. “Plaster,” I said, “for six weeks if you're lucky, longer if you're not.”

The plaster room was in use and wouldn't be free for at least half an hour. I returned to the young man, and his noticeably cleaner supporters. They had brought his bag—good, we could use the 30 minutes to get …
TCT-622 Angiographic Outcomes in “One-Stop” Hybrid Coronary Revascularization vs. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yi Shi, Shengshou Hu, Zhe Zheng, Bo Xu, Wei Wang, Ran Xia, Run-Lin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
S. 1828 — A Golden Opportunity?
Authors: Henry I. Kohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The Conquest of Cancer Act (S. 1828) was passed by the Senate in July.* If passed by the House, the Act will be a precedent-making step of historic importance for the administration of medical research in this country. Hearings on it began on September 15 before the House Subcommittee on Public Health and Environment, of which Mr. Paul Rogers, of Florida, is chairman.The bill, in brief, establishes an agency that is nominally within the NIH (National Institutes of Health), but that reports directly to the President, and is independent of NIH administration and of NIH funding. The Agency's Director, . . .
LIGATION OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY IN CONJUNCTION WITH EXSECTION OF JAWS, AND THE INOPERABLE DISEASES OF THE SAME.
Authors: WILLIAM PERRIN NICOLSON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

num to the gall bladder due to the inflammation excited by gallstone, is not infrequent.In some thirty operations for gallstones, I have seen at least three cases in which the colics were infrequent but in which the gastric distress was constant and found to be caused by such adhesions, and relief was undoubtedly
Multicultural Medicine and Health Disparities
Authors: Karyn Baum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 June 2006Multicultural Medicine and Health DisparitiesKaryn Baum, MD, MSEdKaryn Baum, MD, MSEdFrom University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Satcher D, Pamies RJ. 500 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005. ISBN 0071436804. Order at books.mcgraw-hill.com.Field of medicine: Primary care.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Students in the health professions, clinical practitioners, educators, policymakers, and others interested in health disparities.Purpose: To document “the nature and extent of health disparities … [and] provide a platform for discussions and strengthen resolve among people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds to address, reduce, and eventually eliminate them.”Content: The text is divided into 3 sections. The first section reviews broad areas, including all-cause mortality, pregnancy, childhood, and geriatrics. The second section discusses disparities ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTherapeutic Lifestyle Changes to Decrease Unhealthy Eating Patterns and Improve Blood Pressure in African Americans 20 June 2006Volume 144, Issue 12Page: 944KeywordsHealth care policyHealth disparitiesPain managementPopulation statisticsPregnancySafetySoftware toolsTransplantation ePublished: 20 June 2006 Issue Published: 20 June 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pemetrexed in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer and the Impact of Shortened Vitamin Supplementation Lead-In Time: Results of a Phase II Trial
Authors: Mark A. Socinski, Robert N. Raju, Marcus Neubauer, David A. Smith, Donald A. Richards, Michael Savin, Robert L. Ruxer, Craig H. Reynolds, Feng Zhan, Jane L. Bromund, Ruqin Chen, Coleman Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
S74 Circulating Tumour Cells In Peripheral And Pulmonary Venous Blood Predict Poor Long-term Survival In Surgically Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Z. Liu, S. Xu, R. Zhang, Y. Li, Y. Han, C. Su, Z. Chen, H. Wang, S. Liu, Q. Zhao, S. Zhou, D. Zhen, D. Yu, N. Xiao, X. Song, M. Qin
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> We tested the hypothesis that the circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in preoperative peripheralblood (PPB) and intraoperative pulmonary venous blood (IPVB) could predict poor long term survival in surgically resected NSCLC patients. <h3>Method</h3> CTCs were separated from the blood using magnetic beads coated by antibody against epithelial-cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) through magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). The CTCs were quantified with fluorescence labelled antibodies against pan-cytokeratin through flow cytometry. CTCs were prospectively quantified in PPB and IPVB in 23 consecutive stage I-IIIA patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Association between CTCs and prognosis of these patients was evaluated after 5-year follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> In the NSCLC patients, outcomes were assessed according to levels of CTCs at surgery, and compared with CTCs detected in benign pulmonary diseases, and healthy volunteers, wherethe mean and 95% CI of CTCs counts were all 5 CTCs/15 mL in PPB and &gt;50 CTCs/15 mL in IPVB. Univariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis showed that CTCs count in PPB or IPVB was an independent risk factor for tumour-free and overall survivals. The high risk group of patients had a shorter median tumour-free survival (22 months vs. &gt;60.0 months, P &lt; 0.0012) and shorter overall survival (27 months vs. &gt;60 months, P &lt; 0.0015). <h3>Conclusions</h3> CTCs countin PPBand IPVB was an independent risk factor for tumour-free and overall survivalin surgically resected NSCLC patients.
TP53 and progression from Barrett's metaplasia to oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a UK population cohort
Authors: L Murray
Journal: Gut (2006)

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma frequently develops on a background of metaplastic Barrett's epithelium. The development of malignancy is accompanied by genetic alterations, which may be promising biomarkers of disease progression.A case control study was conducted nested within a large unselected population based cohort of Barrett's patients. Incident oesophageal malignancies and high grade dysplasias were identified. For each case up to five controls were matched on age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Biopsies from the time of diagnosis of Barrett's epithelium were stained immunohistochemically for TP53, cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and beta-catenin proteins.Twenty nine incident oesophageal malignancies and six cases of high grade dysplasia were identified. The odds of diffuse or intense TP53 staining were substantially elevated in biopsies from patients who developed oesophageal adenocarcinoma compared with controls (odds ratio (OR) 11.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93, 71.4)). This difference was also present when all cases were considered (OR 8.42 (95% CI 2.37, 30.0). Despite the association with TP53 staining, only 32.4% of cases had an initial biopsy showing diffuse/intense TP53 staining. There were no significant associations between cyclin D1, COX-2, or beta-catenin staining and case control status. The OR for positive staining for both TP53 and COX-2 was markedly increased in cases compared with controls (OR 27.3 (95% CI 2.89, 257.0)) although only 15% of cases had positive staining for both markers.Immunohistochemical detection of TP53 expression is a biomarker of malignant progression in Barrett's oesophagus but sensitivity is too low to act as a criterion to inform endoscopic surveillance strategies. Additional biomarkers are required which when combined with TP53 will identify, with adequate sensitivity and specificity, Barrett's patients who are at risk of developing cancer.
Y chromosomes and quinacrine fluorescence technique.
Authors: N. B. Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Y Chromosomes and Quinacrine Fluorescence Tecique SIR,-The observation that part of the long arm of the Y chromosome fluoresces brightly with quinacrine mustardl" has led Pearson, Bobrow, and Vosa,' using quinacrine hydrochloride, to the discovery that a fluorescent body presumably derived from the Y chromosome is present in the
Two Chloroplast DNA Inversions Originated Simultaneously During the Early Evolution of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)
Authors: Ki-Joong Kim, Keung-Sun Choi, Robert K. Jansen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) inversion in the Asteraceae has been cited as a classic example of using genomic rearrangements for defining major lineages of plants. We further characterize cpDNA inversions in the Asteraceae using extensive sequence comparisons among 56 species, including representatives of all major clades of the family and related families. We determine the boundaries of the 22-kb (now known as 22.8 kb) inversion that defines a major split within the Asteraceae, and in the process, we characterize the second and a new, smaller 3.3-kb inversion that occurs at one end of the larger inversion. One end point of the smaller inversion is upstream of the trnE-UUC gene, and the other end point is located between the trnC-GCA and rpoB genes. Although a diverse sampling of Asteraceae experienced substantial length variation and base substitution during the long evolutionary history subsequent to the inversion events, the precise locations of the inversion end points are identified using comparative sequence alignments in the inversion regions. The phylogenetic distribution of two inversions is identical among the members of Asteraceae, suggesting that the inversion events likely occurred simultaneously or within a short time period shortly after the origin of the family. Estimates of divergence times based on ndhF and rbcL sequences suggest that two inversions originated during the late Eocene (38–42 MYA). The divergence time estimates also suggest that the Asteraceae originated in the mid Eocene (42–47 MYA).
Pills for personal problems.
Authors: W H Trethowan
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to what appears to be the relentless march of the psychotropic drug juggernaut. At a recent symposium, at which the prescribing habits of general practitioners came under scrutiny, Harman stated, Opinion is growing that in the use of psychotropic drugs we may be evolving a dangerous monster, not by intent but by unplanned increments.' How justified this alarm call was is a matter for debate, which must necessarily be based on an examination of available statistics.