tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular responses to intrathecal dopamine receptor agonists after spinal transection in conscious rats
Authors: S. Lahlou, P. Demenge
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The cardiovascular responses to transient intrathecal administration of dopamine agonists were studied daily in chronically prepared rats that had been spinally transected or were sham operated. The goals were (1) to determine the group differences in evoked heart rate and arterial pressure responses and (2) to determine, within the transected group, whether or not the long term responses could be dissociated. The hypothesis tested is that cord transection releases a tonic inhibition of cardiovascular responsiveness independently of the mechanism of receptor hypersensitivity. Methods: Changes in mean aortic blood pressure and heart rate induced by intrathecal administration of the mixed D1/D2 dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (150 nmol per rat) were measured in conscious rats during a 10 d experimental period following spinal transection. Results: Complete spinal transection did not affect aortic pressure but increased basal heart rate values by about 33% with respect to normal rats (p<0.001). When apomorphine was injected caudally to the section (at T9-T10) but not rostrally (at T2-T4), it induced a 50% greater and an 800% more long lasting decrease in mean aortic pressure and a 230% greater and 70% more long lasting decrease in heart rate in spinal than in sham operated rats. These increases in cardiovascular responses were corroborated by a leftward shift of the apomorphine dose-response curves. They were also found after intrathecal administration of highly selective D1 and D2 receptor agonists fenoldopam (50 nmol per rat) and quinpirole (150 nmol per rat), and were specifically blocked by intrathecal haloperidol (27 nmol per rat), a non-selective dopamine antagonist. Conclusions: Complete spinal transection induces different increases in hypotensive and bradycardic responses to the stimulation of caudally located spinal dopamine receptors which could be due to the destruction of a tonically inhibiting spinal system rather than to hypersensitivity of the dopamine receptors.
α1G-dependent T-type Ca2+ current antagonizes cardiac hypertrophy through a NOS3-dependent mechanism in mice
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakayama, Ilona Bodi, Robert N. Correll, Xiongwen Chen, John Lorenz, Steven R. Houser, Jeffrey Robbins, Arnold Schwartz, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

In noncontractile cells, increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration serve as a second messenger to signal proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, motility, and cell death. Many of these Ca2+-dependent regulatory processes operate in cardiomyocytes, although it remains unclear how Ca2+ serves as a second messenger given the high Ca2+ concentrations that control contraction. T-type Ca2+ channels are reexpressed in adult ventricular myocytes during pathologic hypertrophy, although their physiologic function remains unknown. Here we generated cardiac-specific transgenic mice with inducible expression of α1G, which generates Cav3.1 current, to investigate whether this type of Ca2+ influx mechanism regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response. Unexpectedly, α1G transgenic mice showed no cardiac pathology despite large increases in Ca2+ influx, and they were even partially resistant to pressure overload–, isoproterenol-, and exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, α1G–/– mice displayed enhanced hypertrophic responses following pressure overload or isoproterenol infusion. Enhanced hypertrophy and disease in α1G–/– mice was rescued with the α1G transgene, demonstrating a myocyte-autonomous requirement of α1G for protection. Mechanistically, α1G interacted with NOS3, which augmented cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I activity in α1G transgenic hearts after pressure overload. Further, the anti-hypertrophic effect of α1G overexpression was abrogated by a NOS3 inhibitor and by crossing the mice onto the Nos3–/– background. Thus, cardiac α1G reexpression and its associated pool of T-type Ca2+ antagonize cardiac hypertrophy through a NOS3-dependent signaling mechanism.
Of Locker Rooms and Labor Pains
Authors: Eliza S. Shin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

On Being a Doctor1 July 1995Of Locker Rooms and Labor PainsEliza S. ShinEliza S. ShinNorthwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-1-199507010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Being a woman in medicine has its obstacles. I once expected that my gender would diminish in importance with each added year of schooling. That is, I thought that as my gray matter increased in prominence, the casing would become immaterial. As with many other childhood expectations, however, all that remains is a dream.In grade school, cooties differentiated the sexes. Later, my secondary sex characteristics developed and remarks from the streets initiated me into the realm of womanhood. My intellectual awareness then followed, as college acquainted me with the academic nature of the feminist cause. These three—cooties, catcalls, and ...REFERENCE1. Quindlen, A. Public and private; victim and valkyrie. New York Times. 1994 March 16; Sect A:21(col 2). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.Corresponding Author: Eliza S. Shin, 215 East Chicago Avenue #2403, Chicago, IL 60611. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHumanities Education at Northwestern University???s Feinberg School of Medicine 1 July 1995Volume 123, Issue 1Page: 71-72KeywordsBirthFearForecastingHand strengthHeartHistory of medicineMotivationSexual identityShockVision Issue Published: 1 July 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Relief of pain by infusion of morphine after operation
Authors: N M Denny, J D Kneeshaw, R D Latimer, D W Bethune
Journal: BMJ (1985)

increased incidence of nausea and vomiting was during the first or second 24 hour period.In either casc higher peak blood morphine concentrations would have been experienced by the infusion group, so this finding is not unexpected.We feel that this study has given a false impression of the technique of continuous opiate analgesia.
Legal Liability in Clinical Investigations
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

DESPITE the concentrated attention given to legal regulation of human experimentation, including clinical medical investigation, in this country, there have been very few claims and even fewer actual lawsuits against investigators for any type of injury to subjects. The official guidelines on research of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare actually cite only one appellate-court case involving a research subject, and that is, ironically, a Canadian decision,2 not an American case.It seems important, therefore, to report on a recently published opinion of a New York court in a lawsuit that involved human experimentation.3 The research was conducted at . . .
Death rates from lung cancer surgery have almost halved over 10 years
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of UK patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer has risen by 60%, and operative death rates have almost halved, an audit by the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery has found.

The report tracks the results of more than 400 000 lung cancer operations in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 2010. It shows that until 2006 the number of patients undergoing primary lung cancer resection remained relatively unchanged at 3000 to 4000 each year but that since then the number has grown, reaching 5265 in 2010.

The proportion of patients dying in hospital after the procedure has almost halved over the past decade, falling from 3.8% …
IN VITRO INDUCTION OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES BY PHAGOCYTOSIS
Authors: Stanton G. Axline, Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The in vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes by phagocytosis was demonstrated in cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The contribution of each of several steps in the endocytic process to enzyme induction was examined. The enzymatic response after the uptake of equal numbers of erythrocytes (RBC) and nondigestible particles were compared. Phagocytosis of RBC produced a marked increase in the levels of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D. Puromycin (1 microg/ml) inhibited the enzyme response. In contrast, phagocytosis of polyvinyl toluene, polystyrene, and insoluble starch particles produced no increase in macrophage lysosomal enzymes, although fusion of phagosomes with preexisting lysosomes occurred normally. The endocytic stimulus to synthesis of inducible lysosomal enzymes, therefore, occurred at or beyond the stage of digestion. Purified protein (bovine gamma globulin) aggregates and homopolymer coacervates of poly-l-glutamic acid: poly-l-lysine were effective inducers of lysosomal acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, whereas homopolymers of the same D-amino acids were ineffective as inducers. Both the quantity of phagocytized substrate and its rate of enzymatic hydrolysis appear to control the level and persistance of lysosomal hydrolases.
A fatty acid- dependent step is critically important for both glucose- and non-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
Authors: R L Dobbins, M W Chester, B E Stevenson, M B Daniels, D T Stein, J D McGarry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Lowering of the plasma FFA level in intact fasted rats by infusion of nicotinic acid (NA) caused essentially complete ablation of insulin secretion (IS) in response to a subsequent intravenous bolus of arginine, leucine, or glibenclamide (as previously found using glucose as the beta-cell stimulus). However, in all cases, IS became supranormal when a high FFA level was maintained by co-infusion of lard oil plus heparin. Each of these secretagogues elicited little, if any, IS from the isolated, perfused "fasted" pancreas when tested simply on the background of 3 mM glucose, but all became extremely potent when 0.5 mM palmitate was also included in the medium. Similarly, IS from the perfused pancreas, in response to depolarizing concentrations of KCl, was markedly potentiated by palmitate. As was the case with intravenous glucose administration, fed animals produced an equally robust insulin response to glibenclamide regardless of whether their low basal FFA concentration was further reduced by NA. In the fasted state, arginine-induced glucagon secretion appeared to be independent of the prevailing FFA concentration. The findings establish that the essential role of circulating FFA for glucose-stimulated IS after food deprivation also applies in the case of nonglucose secretagogues. In addition, they imply that (i) a fatty acid-derived lipid moiety, which plays a pivotal role in IS, is lost from the pancreatic beta-cell during fasting; (ii) in the fasted state, the elevated level of plasma FFA compensates for this deficit; and (iii) the lipid factor acts at a late step in the insulin secretory pathway that is common to the action of a wide variety of secretagogues.
Parathyroid hormone-like protein is a secretory product of atrial myocytes.
Authors: L J Deftos, D W Burton, D W Brandt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Parathyroid hormone-like protein (PLP) was originally identified from tumors associated with hypercalcemia. Recently, it has been found to be expressed in a stretch-responsive manner in several types of smooth muscle. We studied adult rat heart muscle for the presence of the PLP. Using immunohistology and the PCR, we demonstrated the presence of PLP and its mRNA in all heart chambers. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated PLP in secretory vesicles of atrial mycocytes. Using immunoassay, we demonstrated that atria contained a higher concentration of PLP than ventricles. Furthermore, primary cultures of both chambers released PLP into conditioned medium, with atria secreting more than ventricles. Considered with studies of the role of PLP in other tissues, our observations suggest that the production and secretion of PLP by cardiac myocytes represents a calcium-related regulatory function for this stretch-responsive polypeptide in the cardiovascular system. PLP in the heart may be the calcium counterpart for the atrial natriuretic-sodium regulatory axis of the cardiovascular system.
PUVA-induced bullous pemphigoid
Authors: KRISTIAN THOMSEN, HENNING SCHMIDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article PUVA‐induced bullous pemphigoid Get access KRISTIAN THOMSEN, KRISTIAN THOMSEN Departments of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, and Odense Hospital, Odense, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HENNING SCHMIDT HENNING SCHMIDT Departments of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, and Odense Hospital, Odense, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 5, 1 November 1976, Pages 568–569, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00873.x Published: 01 November 1976
Confidential Information and Cervical Cytology
Authors: M. Pack
Journal: BMJ (1971)

used the discovery of staphylococcuskilling products of a fungus to make penicillin which saved millions of lives.Other scientists used the principle of atomic fission to make weapons and bombs.Two of these bombs were dropped in Japan, and killed over 2 million people, and horribly crippled many more, in seconds.Some of the machines invented or made by scientists now spew out pollutants into the air and waters."This, I believe, is the greatest contribution leading scientists can make to the wel- fare of mankind-to admit failures as readily as they admit apparent successes.-Iam, etc., C. DE F. W. GOONARATNA Dundee Anorexia Nervosa SIR,-In the leading article on anorexia nervosa (23 October, p. 183) you state "Though doubts have been expressed about its status as a distinct entity, it is generally regarded as a consistent syndrome."I have been-trying without success to fathom what this means.I think I know what a con- sistent syndrome is; but I have no idea what is meant by "distinct entity," nor how one would decide whether or no "a consistent syndrome" is "a distinct entity."Could you enlighten me ?-I am, etc.,
A star-PEG–heparin hydrogel platform to aid cell replacement therapies for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Uwe Freudenberg, Andreas Hermann, Petra B. Welzel, Katja Stirl, Sigrid C. Schwarz, Milauscha Grimmer, Andrea Zieris, Woranan Panyanuwat, Stefan Zschoche, Dorit Meinhold, Alexander Storch, Carsten Werner
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Mechanical Unloading Versus Neurohumoral Stimulation on Myocardial Structure and Endocrine Function In Vivo
Authors: Ondrej Lisy, Margaret M. Redfield, Sofija Jovanovic, Michihisa Jougasaki, Aleksandar Jovanovic, Hanna Leskinen, Andre Terzic, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Mechanical load and humoral stimuli such as endothelin (ET) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are potent modulators of cardiac structure and endocrine function, specifically gene expression and production and release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We define the contribution of mechanical load compared with neurohumoral stimulation in vivo with specific focus on myocardial and circulating ANP during chronic myocardial unloading produced by thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC). Methods and Results —TIVCC was produced by banding the IVC for 10 days in 7 dogs, whereas in the 6 control dogs, the band was not constricted. TIVCC was characterized by a decrease in cardiac output, right atrial pressure, and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter and marked activation of ET and Ang II in plasma and atrial and ventricular myocardium. Despite neurohumoral stimulation, LV mass index and myocyte diameters in unloaded hearts decreased, reflecting myocyte atrophy. The total number of myocytes in the LV remained unchanged. Atrial stores of ANP increased, but plasma ANP did not change, in association with a trend toward ANP gene expression to decrease in unloaded hearts. Conclusions —Chronic mechanical unloading of the heart results in myocardial atrophy and lack of activation of ANP synthesis despite marked neurohumoral stimulation by the growth promoters ET and Ang II.
Geriatric Patients: Do Their Families Care?
Authors: B. Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A study of the reasons for admission of 280 patients from their own homes to a geriatric unit in the East End of Glasgow showed that in two-thirds of cases patients were admitted primarily because they failed to receive adequate basic care at home (usually because of lack of relatives) or because their relatives suffered undue strain in caring for them. Neglect by relatives played a negligible part in the need for admission.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Which Test Is Best?-Reply
Authors: David F. Ransohoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Mandel and colleagues provide new data from the Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study and observe correctly that these data could be used to further elucidate the mechanism by which FOBT screening with slide rehydration reduces CRC mortality. We agree that the cumulative rate of colonoscopy in the screened group will have an important effect on any projection of the degree to which random screening colonoscopy, done for workup of false-positive FOBT results, contributes to CRC mortality reductions. The values used in our model were based on the published data.<sup>1</sup>We agree that the results also depend on the degree and duration of protective effect from endoscopy screening, so we provided tables showing results for different durations and degrees of protection from endoscopy screening. New insights from the Minnesota study's data might be obtained by considering the types of neoplasms detected in the screened group (ie, early
Physicians Married to Physicians
Authors: Lou-Anne M. Beauregard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 April 1994Physicians Married to PhysiciansLou-Anne M. Beauregard, MDLou-Anne M. Beauregard, MDHeart Institute of Southern New Jersey; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Camden, NJ 08103Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent editorial [1] on medical spouses was interesting. When I applied for residencies, one interviewer asked if I didn't feel that I was depriving my husband, a civil engineer, by going into internal medicine. Somewhat at a loss, I stated that my husband had never questioned or interfered in my choice of career or my professional goals. During the last 15 years, we have endured residency, fellowship, and professional life together while having a family.As you stated, medicine will have to become more flexible with more dual-career medical couples. The decision about who picks up ...REFERENCE1. Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW. Here come the couples (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:628-30. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lou-Anne M. Beauregard, MDAffiliations: Heart Institute of Southern New Jersey; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Camden, NJ 08103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 697KeywordsEngineersFellowshipsResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy — The Foundations of Fluid Therapy and the Indian Telegraph Service
Authors: John B. Moon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN September, 1831, Asiatic cholera erupted in England. Faced with a mounting death rate and lacking effective therapy, the medical profession grasped at an array of empirical remedies ranging from cayenne pepper given by mouth to turpentine enemas. In response to the need for rational therapy a young physician named William Brooke O'Shaughnessy was persuaded to study the chemical pathology of the blood in cholera. These studies laid the foundations of modern intravenous fluid therapy. The same man was to become a pioneer in the field of telegraphy and, inadvertently, to make a significant contribution to English history.O'Shaughnessy was . . .
Interleukin (IL)-6 modulates transforming growth factor-β expression in skin and dermal fibroblasts from IL-6-deficient mice
Authors: L.R. Luckett-Chastain, R.M. Gallucci
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Interleukin (IL-6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta have been shown to play a role in skin development and maintenance.A link between these two cytokines has yet to be identified and therefore in this study we investigated the modulation of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta type 2 receptor (TGF-betaR2) by IL-6 in skin.An IL-6 knockout (IL-6KO) fibroblast-populated lattice model and intradermal injections of IL-6 into unwounded IL-6KO mice were used to investigate the direct effects of IL-6 treatment on TGF-beta and TGF-betaR2 expression and to determine the signalling mechanism. In addition, IL-6KO and C57BL/6 control mice were wounded by a 4-mm punch biopsy to monitor expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaR2 within a wound over time. The expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaR2 was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistology.Recombinant IL-6 treatment of IL-6KO lattices and intradermal injections of IL-6 showed a significant induction of TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein, with TGF-beta1 expression localized in the dermis, while TGF-betaR2 expression was primarily in the epidermis in IL-6KO mice. During healing, the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaR2 mRNA was significantly greater in unwounded and 7-day-old wounds from wild-type mice; however, protein expression did not differ. Treatment with signal transduction inhibitors indicated that IL-6 modulates TGF-beta through a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Mapk/Erk)-dependent mechanism.These studies indicate that IL-6 has the ability to modulate the expression of TGF-beta and TGF-betaR2 to varying degrees in the skin, which may provide a possible mechanism for defining the role of IL-6 in skin maintenance and a new association of IL-6 with TGF-beta in pathologies associated with fibrosis.