tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleep attacks in patients taking dopamine agonists: review
Authors: C. N. Homann
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess the evidence for the existence and prevalence of sleep attacks in patients taking dopamine agonists for Parkinson9s disease, the type of drugs implicated, and strategies for prevention and treatment. <b>Design:</b> Review of publications between July 1999 and May 2001 in which sleep attacks or narcoleptic-like attacks were discussed in patients with Parkinson9s disease. <b>Results:</b> 124 patients with sleep events were found in 20 publications. Overall, 6.6% of patients taking dopamine agonists who attended movement disorder centres had sleep events. Men were over-represented. Sleep events occurred at both high and low doses of the drugs, with different durations of treatment (0-20 years), and with or without preceding signs of tiredness. Sleep attacks are a class effect, having been found in patients taking the following dopamine agonists: levodopa (monotherapy in 8 patients), ergot agonists (apomorphine in 2 patients, bromocriptine in 13, cabergoline in 1, lisuride or piribedil in 23, pergolide in 5,) and non-ergot agonists (pramipexole in 32, ropinirole in 38). Reports suggest two distinct types of events: those of sudden onset without warning and those of slow onset with prodrome drowsiness. <b>Conclusion:</b> Insufficient data are available to provide effective guidelines for prevention and treatment of sleep events in patients taking dopamine agonists for Parkinson9s disease. Prospective population based studies are needed to provide this information.
Coroners will deliver fuller verdicts after inquests
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Bereaved people will have greater rights to participate in inquests, and coroners will deliver fuller verdicts emphasising the failures that contributed to deaths, under a package of reforms proposed for the 800 year old coroners system in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The two year independent review, which was commissioned by the Home Office, also recommends a much tighter system of certifying deaths to prevent a recurrence of the Harold Shipman affair, in which the Greater Manchester murdered 215 patients over 23 years.

The 122 changes are aimed at bringing the 12th century office of coroner into the 21st century. Tom Luce, former head of social care policy at the Department of Health and head of the review team, said: “It is important that this forgotten service is updated …
Atypical malignant melanoma of the nail apparatus
Authors: G.B. COLVER, P.R. MILLARD, R.P.R. DAWBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Atypical malignant melanoma of the nail apparatus Get access G.B. COLVER, G.B. COLVER Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.R. MILLARD, P.R. MILLARD Department of Histopathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. DAWBER R.P.R. DAWBER Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 3, 1 March 1986, Pages 389–392, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02833.x Published: 01 March 1986 Article history Accepted: 30 August 1985 Published: 01 March 1986
Activation of the Fas receptor on lung eosinophils leads to apoptosis and the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation of the airways.
Authors: S Tsuyuki, C Bertrand, F Erard, A Trifilieff, J Tsuyuki, M Wesp, G P Anderson, A J Coyle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

While considerable progress has been made in understanding the events by which eosinophils accumulate in various pathophysiological conditions, the mechanisms controlling the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that lung eosinophils obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after aerosol allergen provocation of immunized mice expressed the Fas receptor. Stimulation of purified eosinophils in vitro with a monoclonal anti-Fas mAb (1 ng-1 microg/ml) induced a dose/time dependent loss of cell viability from 24-72 h. Measurement of DNA fragmentation with propidium iodide confirmed that anti-Fas induced eosinophil death by apoptosis. While incubation with IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF prevented spontaneous apoptosis, these factors failed to prevent anti-Fas induced apoptosis. Administration of anti-Fas mAb to the lungs after the induction of a lung eosinophilia increased the number of peroxidase positive macrophages in BAL fluid 4-12 h later which was followed by a marked reduction in the number of eosinophils in the airways. Importantly, Fas-mediated resolution of eosinophilic inflammation occurred in the absence of any overt secondary inflammatory changes in the lungs. We speculate that defects in this pathway may at least in part explain the chronic eosinophilic inflammation often observed in the lungs of asthmatic individuals.
The clinically active BTK inhibitor PCI-32765 targets B-cell receptor– and chemokine-controlled adhesion and migration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Martin F. M. de Rooij, Annemieke Kuil, Christian R. Geest, Eric Eldering, Betty Y. Chang, Joseph J. Buggy, Steven T. Pals, Marcel Spaargaren
Journal: Blood (2012)
Death rate is higher for female soldiers than male counterparts, conference is told
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The death rate for US female soldiers wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan is higher than for their male counterparts and we don’t know why, Captain Jessica Cross Rivera, who is stationed at the San Antonio Military Medical Center in Texas, told a conference.

She was surprised by this recent finding because, in the US, men are twice as likely as women to die of trauma. Furthermore, “In animal [trauma] studies, female subjects survive more than male animals,” and hospitalised women have a survival advantage with fewer episodes of pneumonia and postoperative infections.

The US Public Health Service officer was speaking at a conference in Washington, DC, that focused on caring for women soldiers and veterans. It was sponsored by the Society for Women’s Health …
Canada's Supreme Court ruling on HIV disclosure is unjust, say HIV advocacy groups
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Canada has earned a reputation as a nation with a high rate of criminal prosecutions of people with HIV who fail to disclose their HIV positive status to sexual partners. On 5 October the Canadian Supreme Court announced new appeals judgments that will continue to allow the criminalisation of non-disclosure of HIV status. 

A coalition of HIV and AIDS advocacy groups in Canada quickly condemned the Supreme Court’s judgments as “unjust,” a “major step backwards for public health and human rights,” and “a cold endorsement of AIDS-phobia.”1

Canada has no specific law requiring someone who has tested positive for HIV to reveal their condition to sexual partners. However, prosecution lawyers have successfully used …
Microvascular sites and mechanisms responsible for reactive hyperemia in the coronary circulation of the beating canine heart.
Authors: H Kanatsuka, N Sekiguchi, K Sato, K Akai, Y Wang, T Komaru, K Ashikawa, T Takishima
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Our aim was to elucidate the site and mechanism responsible for reactive hyperemia in coronary circulation. In in vivo beating canine hearts, microvessels of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were observed through a microscope equipped with a floating objective. Flow velocity of the LAD was measured with a suction-type Doppler probe. The LAD was occluded for 20 or 30 seconds and then released, and reactive hyperemia was observed before and after 8-phenyltheophylline (7.5 mg/kg i.v.) or glibenclamide (200 micrograms/kg into the LAD) infusion. During the occlusion, only arterial microvessels smaller than 100 microns in diameter dilated. Dilation of those vessels was partially attenuated by 8-phenyltheophylline and completely abolished with glibenclamide. In the early phase of reactive hyperemia, all arterial microvessels dilated, and the magnitude of peak dilation was greater in vessels smaller than 100 microns compared with those larger than 100 microns. Vasodilation during reactive hyperemia ceased within 60 seconds in vessels smaller than 100 microns but was sustained for more than 120 seconds in those larger than 100 microns. 8-Phenyltheophylline did not change peak dilation of arterial microvessels but reduced dilation after the peak. Glibenclamide remarkably attenuated dilation of all arterial microvessels in the whole phase of reactive hyperemia. These results indicate that all arterial microvessels are responsible for reactive hyperemia after coronary artery occlusions of 20-30 seconds, but there is greater participation of vessels smaller than 100 microns in the early phase of reactive hyperemia. Dilation of vessels larger than 100 microns assumes an important role in the later phase. ATP-sensitive K+ channels mediate dilation of arterial microvessels both in brief ischemia and reactive hyperemia.
The Transcriptional Repressor Bcl-6 Directs T Follicular Helper Cell Lineage Commitment
Authors: Di Yu, Sudha Rao, Louis M. Tsai, Sau K. Lee, Yiqing He, Elissa L. Sutcliffe, Monika Srivastava, Michelle Linterman, Lei Zheng, Nicholas Simpson, Julia I. Ellyard, Ian A. Parish, Cindy S. Ma, Qi-Jing Li, Christopher R. Parish, Charles R. Mackay, Carola G. Vinuesa
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Purification of egg‐white allergens
Authors: K. Ebbehø, A. M. Dahl, H. Frøkiær, A. Nørgaard, L. K. Poulsen, V. Barkholt
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Purification procedures for the four egg-white proteins ovomucoid, ovotransferrin, ovalbumin, and lysozyme are presented with reference to mechanistic studies at epitope levels of allergic reactions to these proteins. The applied procedures resulted in four preparations containing less than 0.1% contaminating proteins each. The purified protein preparations were characterized by SDS-PAGE and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with polyclonal antibodies raised against an egg-white extract or the purified proteins. The necessity of these well-characterized proteins in studies on allergic reactions was shown by testing human sera in immunoblots of lysozyme, and by immunoblots of ovomucoid probing with antibodies against the proteins.
NHS is unlikely to meet Nicholson challenge to deliver 20bn in efficiency savings, says King's Fund
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS is likely to miss its target to deliver £20bn (€25bn; $32bn) in efficiency savings by 2015, concludes the King’s Fund’s latest quarterly monitoring report, published on Thursday 27 September.

As well as analysing NHS performance as a whole, the King’s Fund surveyed 45 finance directors in July about the performance of their organisations for its report, How is the NHS Performing? 1 Most (27) said that there was a very high or high risk that the NHS as a whole would not deliver the £20bn target, which has been dubbed the Nicholson challenge by ministers.2 And just four believed that there was little risk of failure.

This is despite the progress towards the four year target made during the past 18 months. Last year (2011-12) saw a small fall in NHS spending of 0.02% in real terms. As a …
Abstract 329: Rottlerin induced autophagy by targeting multiple sites that leads to the apoptosis in cancer stem cells
Authors: Dhruv Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular process that controls cells in a normal homeostatic state by recycling nutrients to maintain cellular energy levels for cell survival via degradation of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Autophagy is associated with the several catabolic and pathological processes, including cancer. Cancer is a multifaceted disorder involving the perturbation of several different pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival. However, persistent activation of autophagy can lead to excessive depletion of cellular organelles and essential proteins, leading to apoptosis in cancer stem cells. As such, inducing cell death through this autophagic mechanism could be an alternative approach to the treatment of cancers. Recently, we have identified a novel autophagic inducer, rottlerin, from a medicinal plant (Mallotus philippinensis) that induces autophagy in various types of cancer stem cells through the formation of autophagosomes as measured by electron microscopy and GFP-LC3 puncta formation. By computational virtual docking analysis, rottlerin was shown to interact directly with the protein kinase-C delta, beclin-1, and autophagy related proteins. By biochemical assays, rottlerin was shown to increase autophagy induction through the activation of the kinase-AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In addition, rottlerin treatment causes the induction of apoptosis, which was associated with the suppression of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR, upregulation of phosphorylated kinase-AMP, downregulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP, and cIAP-1. Rottlerin also proved to be a potent autophagy inducer in cancer stem cells, by knocking down beclin-1, protein kinase-C delta, or Agt7. These results provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of rottlerin, as a novel autophagic inducer by targeting multiple sites to induce autophagy, which leads to the apoptosis in cancer stem cells. Rottlerin has the potential of being developed into an anti-cancer agent by targeting cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Dhruv Kumar. Rottlerin induced autophagy by targeting multiple sites that leads to the apoptosis in cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 329. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-329
Etiology of Amyloidosis Determines Myocardial 99mTc-DPD Uptake in Amyloidotic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Simone Longhi, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Laura Obici, Christian Gagliardi, Agnese Milandri, Massimiliano Lorenzini, Pier Luigi Guidalotti, Giampaolo Merlini, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Tc-DPD (Tc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid) has a high affinity for transthyretin (TTR)-infiltrated myocardium, allowing a differential diagnosis with light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other nonamyloidotic cardiomyopathies with a hypertrophic phenotype, in which myocardial tracer uptake is low or absent. Myocardial bone tracer uptake in the rarer forms of amyloidosis (eg, apolipoprotein-related) has been rarely studied. We present 4 cases of cardiac amyloidosis that underwent Tc-DPD scintigraphy; myocardial DPD uptake was present in patients with ATTR, wtTTR and apolipoprotein AI and negative in cases with AL and apolipoprotein AII-related disease.
Taenia in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Donald P. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Liao and Bair (Sept. 6 issue)1 describe a tapeworm in a 60-year-old woman from a community where pork and pork liver are eaten, especially at festivals, and suggest infection with Taenia solium (the pork tapeworm) rather than T. saginata (the beef tapeworm). It is possible that the infection was caused instead by Asian taenia (T. asiatica, T. saginata asiatica), which has been reported in aborigines in Taiwan,2 with subsequent reports from other Asian countries: Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and China.3,4 T. asiatica is believed to be transmissible only through ingestion of pig viscera . . .
Immunogenicity of reduced dose priming schedules of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine followed by booster at 12 months in infants: open label randomised controlled trial
Authors: D. Pace, A. Khatami, J. McKenna, D. Campbell, S. Attard-Montalto, J. Birks, M. Voysey, C. White, A. Finn, E. Macloed, S. N. Faust, A. L. Kent, P. T. Heath, R. Borrow, M. D. Snape, A. J. Pollard
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an accurate tool for lymph node staging of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). The majority of NSCLC patients require systemic chemotherapy during their treatment, with relatively poor responses. If one could predict chemotherapy response, ideally at the time of initial bronchoscopic examination, one could maximize therapeutic benefit while limiting toxicity. Thus, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of EBUS-TBNA for obtaining tissue samples from mediastinal lymph nodes that can be utilized for immunohistochemical analysis; and to stratify, molecularly-based, pN2-NSCLC patients into chemoresponsive and chemoresistant subgroups who might benefit from chemotherapy-tailorment. <b>Methods:</b> We examined the expression of six cell cycle-related proteins (pRb, cyclin D1, p16INK4A, p53, p21Waf1, Ki-67), in mediastinal lymph node specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA, by immunohistochemistry in 36 pN2-NSCLC patients. We investigated their predictive role(s) for platinum-based chemotherapy response. <b>Results:</b> Immunostaining was feasible in all studied specimens. Univariate analysis revealed that p53 and p21Waf1 expressions were significantly related to the chemotherapy response (p=0.002, p=0.011, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only p53 overexpression was associated with poor response to chemotherapy (p=0.021). <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that EBUS-TBNA is a feasible tool for obtaining mediastinal nodal tissue samples amenable for immunohistochemical analysis. Immunostaining of p53 in EBUS-TBNA guided specimens may be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy in N2-NSCLC patients, and help selection of those patients who might benefit from certain chemotherapeutic strategies.
A memorable 18 years
Authors: M. Carroll
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Queen Elizabeth 2 left Southampton for the last time on 11 November 2008, bound for Dubai, where she will be moored on a palm shaped island which is to be built specially for her in her new role as a floating hotel. She worked hard in her life since her launch by Her Majesty on Clydebank in 1967. She travelled almost 6 000 000 nautical miles, the equivalent of 14 trips to the moon and back and more than any other ship ever, with the longest journey of …
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease (IPSID)
Authors: I. Helmy
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID), were examined endoscopically. The disease was found to involve the duodenum and jejunum and was characterized by the loss of the mucosal circular folds, a thickened cobblestone appearance of the mucosa and multiple sessile polyps. Ulceration of the mucosa was seen in one patient. A large ulcerated mass was seen in the third part of the duodenum in one patient.
Mutation of TRPM6 causes familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
Authors: Roxanne Y. Walder, Daniel Landau, Peter Meyer, Hanna Shalev, Maria Tsolia, Zvi Borochowitz, Melanie Barbara Boettger, Gretel E. Beck, Richard K. Englehardt, Rivka Carmi, Val C. Sheffield
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Aortic Ball Variance: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: JOHN C. HYLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Increased incidences of acute valvular malfunction and of death due to changes in the silicone poppet of cardiac valve prostheses have been noted. Of the 47 long-term survivors of aortic replacement with the model 1000 series Starr-Edwards valve operated upon in a 1-year period beginning July 1, 1963, 40 patients have been available for follow-up. Of these, ball variance has been demonstrated by autopsy or reoperation in 30 (75%). Ball variance was noted at autopsy in 7 cases (18%) and was considered the cause of death in 5 (13%). The symptoms of ball variance are nonspecific and include fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, palpitation, dizzy spells, angina, and syncopal episodes. The diagnosis of aortic ball variance is based on the absence of the aortic opening sound; a consistently abnormal phonocardiogram or sound spectrogram, or both; recurrent embolic episodes; and late onset of aortic regurgitation or radiographic evidence of an abnormal barium-impregnated poppet, or both. Ball variance in the mitral prosthesis is also discussed.
IMPACT OF THE UPDATED 2009 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY/ AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY APPROPRIATENESS CRITERIA FOR SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Jonathan Kahan, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Vijayapraveena Paruchuri, Daniel Zakhary, Melissa Fazzari, Joshua DeLeon, Kevin Marzo, Todd Kerwin, Juan Gaztanaga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children
Authors: Alan D. Michelson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

rterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in a child can have devastating, lifelong sequelae. 1Given the infrequency of AIS (approximately 3 per 100 000 children 1 ), primary prevention is probably not feasible in the absence of a known risk factor.However, the prevention of recurrent AIS in childhood, ie, secondary prevention, may be feasible.How can recurrent childhood AIS be prevented?Current consensus guidelines on the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for AIS in children are not based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 2,3Detailed knowledge of the rates and predictors of AIS recurrence in children is essential before appropriate RCTs can be designed and before rational treatment guidelines can be promulgated.
Relation Between Direct Detection of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> DNA in Human Coronary Arteries at Postmortem Examination and Histological Severity (Stary Grading) of Associated Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: M. Thomas, Y. Wong, D. Thomas, M. Ajaz, V. Tsang, P. J. Gallagher, M. E. Ward
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Numerous studies have suggested a link between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. However, it is still unclear whether C pneumoniae plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Accordingly, we have performed a systematic dissection of the 3 coronary arteries on 33 postmortem subjects and studied the relationship in individual artery segments between the presence of C pneumoniae DNA and the severity of associated atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —The prevalence of C pneumoniae DNA in arterial segments was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after controlling for the presence of PCR inhibitors. Atherosclerosis in each arterial segment was graded histologically with the Stary classification. C pneumoniae was detected by PCR in 78.8% of subjects, but there was no association between the presence of this DNA and cause of death or grade of atherosclerosis. When paired mild and severe atherosclerotic lesions within subjects were compared, mild lesions were as likely to be positive for C pneumoniae as severe lesions. Conclusions —This study demonstrates that C pneumoniae can frequently be detected in atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries. However, its distribution did not correlate with severity or extent of disease.