tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P3-07-32: The Role of Axillary Ultrasound in the Detection of Metastases from Primary Breast Cancers.
Authors: M Yamashita, E Little, J Fraley, L Hovanessian-Larsen, SF Sener
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The value of ultrasound (US) in the preoperative evaluation of axillary nodes has yet to be completely clarified. Preliminary experience with this technique in our institution was examined. Methods: Patients with a radiographic or palpable abnormality of the breast had simultaneous breast and axillary US. The exams were performed by dedicated breast radiologists using a 12 MHz linear array transducer (HDI 5000: Philips Ultrasound). Results were reviewed for all patients with invasive cancers who were cN0 and had definitive surgical procedures between June 2006 and May 2008. Criteria for abnormal lymph nodes were loss of reniform shape, focal or diffuse cortical thickening, or eccentric/replaced fatty hilum. US-guided biopsies were done using a 16g spring-loaded core biopsy device (16g MD TECH SuperCore). Patients with positive axillary node biopsies bypassed sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and had axillary dissection, whereas those with sonographically normal nodes or benign/non-diagnostic biopsy results had SLNB at the time of definitive surgery. Results: Of 128 patients diagnosed with invasive cancer, 23 (18%) had abnormal axillary US at the time of initial diagnosis. Biopsies were performed in 18 of the 23, of which 12 (67%) were malignant and 6 (33%) were benign. Ultrasounds were negative in 105 (82%) patients. SLNB was done in 110 patients: 103 with negative US; 4 patients with abnormal US but negative axillary biopsies; 2 patients with abnormal US but no core biopsies; and 1 patient with a positive US biopsy. SLNB was negative in 91 (83%) patients and positive in 19 (17%). The node-positive status was N1a in 14 patients and N1mic in 5. Axillary dissection was done in 32 (25%) of 128 patients, comprised of 11 patients with US-guided positive biopsies, 12 with positive sentinel nodes, 2 with US-guided negative biopsies, 2 with negative ultrasounds, 3 with unbiospied abnormal ultrasounds, and 2 with a false-negative SLNB. For determining axillary metastases with US, sensitivity was 16/31 (52%), specificity was 90/97 (93%), positive predictive value was 16/23 (69%), and negative predictive value was 90/105 (86%). Conclusions: US examination was a valuable method of evaluating the axilla in newly diagnosed breast cancers. Of 32 patients having an axillary dissection, abnormal US eliminated the need for SLNB in 17 (53%). Patients with US-guided positive nodes were submitted to axillary dissection without SLNB. Therefore, we were unable to determine how often US identified an abnormal non-sentinel node, thus upstaging the axilla relative to SLNB alone. This question should be the topic of further clinical study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-32.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of urine NT‐proBNP levels in heart failure patients
Authors: Raquel Cortés, Manuel Portolés, Antonio Salvador, Vicente Bertomeu, Fernando García de Burgos, Luis Martínez‐Dolz, Esther Roselló Lletí, Vicente Climent, Alejandro Jordán, Rafael Payá, Francisco Sogorb, Miguel Rivera
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Evaluation of the Infertile Couple-Reply
Authors: John A. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Seaman and colleagues appeal for a more complete investigation of the male partner as a prerequisite to the diagnosis of unexplained infertility. I agree with their contention that the male partner should see a physician. The male partner's physician might be a family physician, a urologist, or an andrologist. Alternatively, as in the Clinical Crossroads article, both partners might consult an infertility specialist. Whatever the choice, the physician should have an interest in the broad range of issues that arise in the management of infertility and should be prepared to participate in a coordinated treatment plan that meets the wishes of the couple. In the discussion section of the article, the definitions for a normal semen analysis were based on the World Health Organization laboratory manual.<sup>1</sup>This manual cites normal values for leukocytes in semen, an analysis that should be done routinely, and it includes methods
Acute Renal Failure With Prolonged Oliguria
Authors: Richard L. Siegler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Recovery of kidney function following acute renal failure with prolonged oliguria is an unusual event. This report describes five patients with acute tubular necrosis who remained oliguric for longer than 30 days, but who eventually underwent diuresis. One patient achieved normal renal function. In the remaining four, recovery of function was incomplete but sufficient to permit a comfortable existence independent of hemodialysis. In acute tubular necrosis, even when oliguria is prolonged, an eventual diuresis and return of adequate renal function should be anticipated.
POSTGRADUATE STUDY IN EUROPE
Authors: Maxwell Fineberg
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reference to a Current Comment (The Journal, Oct. 8, 1927), I was instructed at a general meeting of the American Medical Association of Vienna held Dec. 13, 1927, to ask you to publish this letter. The article mentioned aptly describes privately conducted organized medical European tours. The American Medical Association of Vienna appreciates your opinion of European postgraduate study and wishes to thank you for placing before the American medical public the facts as they really are. However, there are two items which our members feel should get publicity. The first is "The<i>so-called</i>American Medical Association of Vienna." Why name it so-called? The American Medical Association of Vienna was organized in 1903 by American physicians and today boasts of a life membership of more than 5,000. There are at present, and this figure can be taken as a fair average, about 200 physicians pursuing postgraduate
Breast Cancer after Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Lisa B. Kenney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for secondary breast cancer. Other than previous chest radiation therapy, risk factors for secondary breast cancer have not been established. Objective: To identify risk factors for breast cancer among female survivors of childhood cancer. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a multicenter study of persons who survived more than 5 years after childhood cancer diagnosed from 1970 to 1986. Participants: Among 6068 women in the CCSS, 95 women had 111 confirmed cases of breast cancer. Measurements: Standardized incidence ratios for breast cancer were calculated by using age-specific incidence rates in the general population. Breast cancer incidence was evaluated with respect to primary cancer diagnosis and therapy, age at and time since primary diagnosis, menstrual and reproductive history, and family history of cancer. Results: Breast cancer risk was increased in survivors who were treated with chest radiation therapy (standardized incidence ratio, 24.7 [95% CI, 19.3 to 31.0]) and survivors of bone and soft-tissue sarcoma who were not treated with chest radiation therapy (standardized incidence ratios, 6.7 and 7.6, respectively). Family history of breast cancer (relative rate, 2.7 [CI, 1.3 to 5.0]) and history of thyroid disease (relative rate, 1.7 [CI, 1.1 to 2.6]) were independently associated with increased risk, and exposure to pelvic radiation was protective (relative rate, 0.6 [CI, 0.4 to 0.9]). Age at primary cancer diagnosis and menstrual and reproductive histories did not statistically significantly modify risk. Limitations: This cohort has not yet attained an age at which breast cancer risk is greatest. Conclusion: Survivors of childhood sarcomas and those who received chest radiation therapy are at risk for secondary breast cancer. When assessing a survivor's risk, clinicians should consider primary diagnosis, previous radiation therapy, family cancer history, and history of thyroid disease.
New HIV Drug Pricing
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5277: MicroRNA expression profile of astrocytoma in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tumor samples.
Authors: Mónica Rivera-Díaz, Mario Quintero, Julio López, P E. Vivas-Mejia
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Astrocytomas, a tumor derived from astrocytic glial cells, are the most common type of adult primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, representing around 76% of all primary brain tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified astrocytomas into four histological grades spanning from grade I, a benign tumor, to grade IV, a highly malignant tumors. This classification is somewhat subjective and more reliable molecular markers for tumor grading are necessary. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (≈22-nucleotide) noncoding RNAs that, in mammals, regulate genes at the translational level by binding to loosely complimentary sequences in the 3’-UTR of target mRNAs. There is increased in vitro and in vivo evidence that various miRNAs are deregulated in a variety of cancer including astrocytoma. The aim of this study was to assess miRNAs dysregulated in astrocytoma according to its grade using archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Total RNA was isolated, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix miRNA arrays. Images were analyzed using the PARTEK software. Eighty-five miRNAs were differentially regulated in grade II, 72 miRNAs in grade III and 118 miRNAs in GBM; compared with control samples. Several non-previously described miRNA in astrcoytoma were identified in this study. The most differentially expressed miRNAs in each tumor grade, were selected for further validation by TAqMan-based real-time PCR. Particularly, miR-92b was upregulated in all astrocytoma grades. Opposite, miR-548p, a miRNA regulating antiapoptotic molecules, was downregulated in GBM tumor tissues, and in well-established GBM cell lines. However, the role of these miRNAs in GBM cells has not been studied. We are currently performing in vitro studies to clarify the role of some of these microRNAs in the cell proliferation of GBM cells. Citation Format: Mónica Rivera-Díaz, Mario Quintero, Julio López, P E. Vivas-Mejia. MicroRNA expression profile of astrocytoma in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tumor samples. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5277. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5277
CHRONIC ENDOCARDITIS WITHOUT ACUTE ONSET
Authors: LOUIS M. WARFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

At no time have physicians had such a wonderful opportunity to examine thousands of supposedly healthy men as they are having today. Some of our ideas in regard to the relationship of certain infectious diseases to the development of chronic valvular heart disease have been abundantly confirmed, and other ideas have had to be modified.  We are having under observation in hospital men who, so far as they know, are well. Many times it falls to our lot to see the beginning of disease long before we should have seen it had the man waited for the development of symptoms before presenting himself to us for advice. In civilian life the latter is what happens, so that even our best textbooks detail symptoms that are not necessarily the very earliest, although they may be the earliest symptoms that made the patient consult a physician.  For years it has been taught
Methotrexate and bone marrow suppression: Standard collaborative care will be made more difficult
Authors: A K Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The paper by Sosin et al on low dose methotrexate and bone marrow suppression reminds us that even very safe drugs need to be monitored with a reasonable degree of care.1 Case 2 is almost certainly due to overdosage because of daily dosing rather than weekly dosing. Case 1 seems to be due to the drug alone, and in …
PTU-033 Evaluation of bone health in corticosteroid-treated autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: H Dhaliwal, N Peel, D Gleeson, M Karajeh
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Corticosteroid use, cirrhosis and inflammatory disease are risk factors for osteoporosis. However the occurrence of osteoporosis in Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) has been little studied. Our aims were to evaluate retrospectively the effects of the disease and its treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in AIH and whether the use of bisphosphonates prevents bone loss. <h3>Methods</h3> 108 patients, median (range) age 60 (18–80) with AIH for 7 (1–416) months were included. BMD was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and/or lumbar spine. Results are compared to manufacturer9s reference population and expressed as T- and Z-scores. To assess the effect of intervention, we studied a subgroup of 37 prednisolone-treated patients who had a second DXA, with the first performed at 3 (1–6) months and the second at 28 (15–67) months from diagnosis. Patients were prescribed a bisphosphonate after the 1<sup>st</sup> DXA if clinically indicated. <h3>Results</h3> 20% of patients had osteoporosis and 30% had osteopenia. The mean ± SD Z-score at the hip was 0.1±1 and at the spine 0.1±1.5, which was not significantly different from that of the reference population (p=0.4 for both). Compared to those with normal BMD, patients with osteoporosis had higher fibrosis stage at diagnosis (median 3 vs 5, p=0.006). On multivariate analysis, hip Z-score showed independent associations: negative with log cumulative prednisolone dose (r=−0.25, p=0.02) and positive with body weight (r=0.4, p≤0.001), but there was no association with disease duration. 19 patients had fragility fractures. Patients with a fracture had lower hip and spine T-scores compared to patients without (hip T-score −1.8 vs −0.6, p=0.006, spine T-score −2.2 vs −1.0, p=0.015). In the paired DXA analysis, BMD in hip and spine increased in patients (n=18) commenced on a bisphosphonate after the 1<sup>st</sup> DXA compared to those who were not (% change in BMD/year at hip +0.3 vs −1.7, p=0.002 and at spine +2.1 vs −2.0, p=0.002), despite the two groups receiving similar current and cumulative prednisolone doses. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mean BMD in treated AIH is not lower than the expected level for age. Prednisolone dose-related bone loss occurs but can be prevented with appropriate use of bisphosphonates. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Cardiac Arrest Following Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Eugene E. Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE INTRAVENOUS (IV) use of fluorescein as an ophthalmologic tool is generally considered a safe procedure with few adverse side effects. Two cases of cardiac arrest<sup>1</sup>and one case of fatal myocardial infarction,<sup>2</sup>however, have been reported following IV fluorescein use. Deglin et al<sup>3</sup>reported the first case of well-established myocardial infarction associated with fluorescein injection. We observed a case of fatal cardiac arrest following fluorescein angiography. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 61-year-old man with a history of chronic stable angina since 1968 was referred to our hospital on June 9, 1977, for evaluation of accelerated angina of two weeks' duration. He had a history of hypertension for 15 years, and diabetes for four years; both diseases were well controlled. He had had a myocardial infarction in 1968. The patient was well developed, well nourished, and in no acute distress. His blood pressure was 150/70; pulse rate, 70
Mohs' surgery of periocular basal cell carcinoma using formalin-fixed sections and delayed closure
Authors: None DU Plessis, None Dahl, None Malcolm, None Sviland, None Dickinson, None Lawrence
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Mohs' surgery of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ensures a high cure rate with maximal preservation of normal tissue. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue technique allows Mohs' surgery to be performed using routine pathology facilities and permits the efficient use of operating room personnel and theatre time. The inevitable delay between excision and closure may potentially result in a poor functional and cosmetic outcome, particularly around the eye. We prospectively studied all patients with periocular BCC treated with this technique at our unit between 1985 and 1996. One hundred and twenty-three periocular BCCs in 120 patients were treated. Microscopic clearance was achieved in all cases. Closure was performed on average 5 days after the initial excisional stage. Closing procedures included direct closure, flaps and grafts. Significant complications affecting outcome were noted in only two patients. Eighty-eight per cent of patients assessed had a functional and cosmetic result regarded as excellent, good or adequate. Mohs' surgery of periocular BCC using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and delayed closure results in a satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome and offers a viable alternative to the frozen section fresh tissue technique.
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus mortality. The risk of cigarette smoking.
Authors: C S Moy, R E LaPorte, J S Dorman, T J Songer, T J Orchard, L H Kuller, D J Becker, A L Drash
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The relation between cigarette smoking and mortality was examined prospectively in a population of adult insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. In 1981, information on smoking history and other health and lifestyle factors was obtained by questionnaire from 93% of the 723 patients included in the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh IDDM registry who were diagnosed between 1950 and 1964. Vital status as of January 1, 1988 was ascertained for 98% of the 548 patients who participated in the baseline survey and were alive as of January 1, 1982. Fifty-four cases died during the 6-year follow-up (32 male, 22 female). Proportional hazards analysis revealed that heavy smoking was a significant independent predictor of all-cause mortality among females but not males. The excess mortality in female diabetics was explained primarily by a marked excess risk of coronary heart disease mortality in smokers. These data strongly suggest that cigarette smoking, especially among diabetic females, should be avoided in order to improve longevity.
And Some Recommend It as a Vampire Prophylactic
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

TURKEY with garlic stuffing, gar-licked sweet potatoes, or cranberry-garlic relish probably did not show up on American dinner tables at Thanksgiving last week. Notably absent is a tradition of giving thanks for the existence ofAllium sativum. Recent research, however, may encourage people to partake more often of the odorous bulb— perhaps even to the point of someday including it in holiday festivities.  Studies indicate that garlic may lower serum lipid levels, inhibit platelet aggregation, have fibrinolytic, antiviral, and antifungal properties, slow malignant cell growth, and modulate the immune system, says Robert I. Lin, PhD, Nutrition International, Irvine, Calif. Adds Benjamin Lau, MD, Loma Linda (Calif) University, up to 1985 at least 1000 studies had been published on the medicinal aspects of garlic and related plants such as onions and scallions. Both spoke in Washington, DC, at the First World Congress on the Health Significance of Garlic.  A Word of
EPITHELIOMA FOLLOWING THE LOCAL TREATMENT OF PRURITUS ANI WITH LIQUOR PICIS CARBONIS
Authors: GEOFFREY HODGSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article EPITHELIOMA FOLLOWING THE LOCAL TREATMENT OF PRURITUS ANI WITH LIQUOR PICIS CARBONIS Get access GEOFFREY HODGSON, M.B.E., D.M.Oxon. GEOFFREY HODGSON, M.B.E., D.M.Oxon. Honorary Dermatologist, Cardiff Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 9, 1 September 1948, Page 282, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11303.x Published: 01 September 1948
Engagement of Neural Circuits Underlying 2D Spatial Navigation in a Rodent Virtual Reality System
Authors: Dmitriy Aronov, David W Tank
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Highlights•Virtual reality (VR) system for unconstrained 2D navigation in rats•Flexible control software and integration with large-scale electrophysiology•2D activity of place cells, grid cells, head direction cells, and border cells in VR•Different forms of hippocampal remapping in VRSummaryVirtual reality (VR) enables precise control of an animal's environment and otherwise impossible experimental manipulations. Neural activity in rodents has been studied on virtual 1D tracks. However, 2D navigation imposes additional requirements, such as the processing of head direction and environment boundaries, and it is unknown whether the neural circuits underlying 2D representations can be sufficiently engaged in VR. We implemented a VR setup for rats, including software and large-scale electrophysiology, that supports 2D navigation by allowing rotation and walking in any direction. The entorhinal-hippocampal circuit, including place, head direction, and grid cells, showed 2D activity patterns similar to those in the real world. Furthermore, border cells were observed, and hippocampal remapping was driven by environment shape, suggesting functional processing of virtual boundaries. These results illustrate that 2D spatial representations can be engaged by visual and rotational vestibular stimuli alone and suggest a novel VR tool for studying rat navigation.
Jessica in the Well: Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury-Reply
Authors: Paul J. Benke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Jessica's physicians are to be congratulated for the successful outcome of a difficult situation. But I still must quibble about the treatment of reperfusion injury, because the subject is important and has wide clinical application. Skeletal muscle is like cardiac muscle, where considerable evidence demonstrates free-radical species contribute to postischemic injury.<sup>1,2</sup>Reduced oxygen concentration alone decreases the extent of skeletal-muscle necrosis following prolonged experimental skeletal-muscle ischemia.<sup>3</sup>Damage is further reduced in skeletal muscle when free-radical scavengers are added to reduced oxygen delivery at the time of reperfusion.<sup>3</sup>Nevertheless, it has not yet been possible to demonstrate that free-radical scavengers play a therapeutic role in the reduction of damage after heart attacks in man, possibly because the ischemia is too long or because scavengers are administered too late, after free-radical species have dissipated. It is likely that this was the case with Jessica. Some time, not