tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of low-dose inhalation of nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: M Yoshida, O Taguchi, EC Gabazza, H Yasui, T Kobayashi, H Kobayashi, K Maruyama, Y Adachi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether low-dose inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) improves pulmonary haemodynamics and gas exchange in patients with stable idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The investigation included 10 IPF patients breathing spontaneously. Haemodynamic and blood gas parameters were measured under the following conditions: 1) breathing room air; 2) during inhalation of 2 parts per million (ppm) NO with room air; 3) whilst breathing O2 alone (1 L.min-1); and 4) during combined inhalation of 2 ppm NO and O2 (1 L.min-1). During inhalation of 2 ppm NO with room air the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa 25 +/- 3 vs 30 +/- 4 mmHg) and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR 529 +/- 80 vs 699 +/- 110 dyn.s.cm-5) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than levels measured whilst breathing room air alone. However the arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) did not improve. The combined inhalation of NO and O2 produced not only a significant (p < 0.01) decrease of Ppa (23 +/- 2 vs 28 +/- 3 mmHg) but also, a remarkable improvement (p < 0.05) in Pa,O2 (14.2 +/- 1.2 vs 11.7 +/- 1.0 kPa) (107 +/- 9 vs 88 +/- 7 mmHg)) as compared with the values observed during the inhalation of O2 alone. These findings suggest that the combined use of nitric oxide and oxygen might constitute an alternative therapeutic approach for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with pulmonary hypertension. However, further studies must first be carried out to demonstrate the beneficial effect of oxygen therapy on pulmonary haemodynamics and prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and to rule out the potential toxicity of inhaled nitric oxide, particularly when used in combination with oxygen.
Penile lichen sclerosus after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: W-Y. Au, C-K. Yeung, M-C. Cheung, N.J. Trendell-Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) often complicates allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and affects mainly the gut, liver, lung and skin. The microscopic morphological features of late-phase sclerodermatous chronic GVHD in the skin, namely epidermal atrophy, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, dense dermal fibrosis and adnexal atrophy, are histologically indistinguishable from those in sporadic systemic sclerosis, morphoea and the related condition of lichen sclerosus. Mucosal orifices including those of the genitourinary system may be severely affected. We present three SCT recipients with chronic GVHD and severe posthitis leading to phimosis requiring surgery. The excised prepuces showed features of lichen sclerosus including epidermal atrophy and a subepidermal zone of eosinophilic, homogeneous and hyalinized collagen above a band-like lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. These cases add further evidence to support the notion that penile lichen sclerosus should be included within the expanding sclerodermoid spectrum of late-stage cutaneous chronic GVHD.
Does Obesity Protect Hypertensives Against Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Ellen Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Recent studies suggest that obesity may protect hypertensives against cardiovascular disease (CVD). This concept was investigated by the Honolulu Heart Program, a prospective epidemiologic study of CVD in a cohort of Japanese-American men aged 45 to 65 years who have been followed up for 12 years. The combined effect of body mass index (BMI), as a measure of obesity, and blood pressure on coronary heart disease and CVD incidence was examined in 7554 men who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline. Rates of coronary heart disease and CVD were higher in the most obese than in the nonobese men for both normotensives and hypertensives. Blood pressure-BMI interaction was not significant for any CVD end point. Hypertension was associated with higher rates of coronary heart disease and CVD at all levels of BMI. This study supports the conclusion that hypertension is associated with an increased risk of CVD in both obese and nonobese men and that the relationship of blood pressure to CVD incidence does not vary with level of BMI. The inclusion of prevalent cases of CVD and the collapsing of continuous data into two categories may explain the results of earlier studies.
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Disease Overview: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein. Clinical features include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis: Presence of IgM monoclonal protein associated with ≥10% clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow confirms the diagnosis. Risk Stratification: Age, hemoglobin level, platelet count, β 2 microglobulin, and monoclonal IgM concentrations are characteristics required for prognosis. Risk‐Adapted Therapy: Not all patients who fulfill WM criteria require therapy; these patients can be observed until symptoms develop. Rituximab‐based therapy is used in virtually all US patients with WM and can be combined with alkylating agent or purine nucleoside analog (or both). The preferred Mayo Clinic nonstudy therapeutic induction is rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. Future stem‐cell transplantation should be considered in induction therapy selection. Management of Refractory Disease: Bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bendamustine have all been shown to have activity in WM. Given WM's natural history, reduction of complications will be a priority for future treatment trials. Am. J. Hematol. 503–510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PLASMA PROTEIN TURNOVER AND TISSUE EXCHANGE
Authors: C. L. Yuile, F. V. Lucas, J. P. Olson, A. B. Shapiro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The rate of plasma protein turnover is more rapid in dogs receiving adequate dietary protein than when a diet devoid of protein is fed. Both albumin and combined globulins are involved in this change. The difference in turnover is reflected in a total protein half-life of 4.8 days with protein feeding versus 7.8 days without protein in the diet and in the metabolism of 1.0 and 0.65 gm. per kilogram of body weight per day on the respective diets. Additions of dietary protein from 10 to 30 per cent caused no further increase in the rate of plasma protein turnover. With protein depletion due to plasmapheresis and a very low protein diet there is evidence of reduced protein metabolism as indicated by nitrogen retention as well as a reduction in total plasma protein breakdown and interchange of isotope between plasma and tissue proteins. Following introduction of labeled plasma protein into the circulation the net amount of isotope transferred to tissues has been computed from the difference between total plasma protein breakdown and combined C(14) excretion in urine and expired air. In animals receiving adequate dietary protein, tissue transfer amounts to 70 per cent of the total lost from the plasma proteins each day while the percentage rises to 85 in depleted dogs deprived of protein. In dogs with both plasma and tissue proteins labeled it can be estimated that, under conditions of protein feeding, an amount of C(14) approximately equal to that lost from the plasma must recycle to account for the observed decrease in Apparent plasma protein turnover rate, (t(1/2) of 15 versus 5 days). Without protein in the diet the isotope contribution of the tissues to the maintenance of plasma protein levels must be as great as or greater than that transferred in the opposite direction.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference
Authors: Anna E. McGlothlin, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lymphoid Hypophysitis
Authors: Carlos J. Portocarrero
Journal: JAMA (1981)

LYMPHOID hypophysitis is an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of isolated lymphoid follicles and diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of the anterior pituitary. The entity has been reported as an autopsy finding in six cases<sup>1-6</sup>and as an antemortem diagnosis in one previous patient.<sup>7</sup>The following article describes a woman who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary exploration for a suspected prolactin-producing pituitary tumor. On routine histological examination of the surgical specimen, there were the characteristic inflammatory changes of lymphoid hypophysitis<sup>1-7</sup>without evidence of a tumor. This article documents the occurrence of elevated prolactin and enlargement of the sella turcica owing to lymphocytic infiltration of the adenohypophysis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 25-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of persistent throbbing headaches that had persisted for six months. Five months before, she had a normal vaginal delivery of her fifth child and since that time had persistent galactorrhea and amenorrhea, despite
A Dystroglycan Mutation Associated with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Yuji Hara, Burcu Balci-Hayta, Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi, Motoi Kanagawa, Daniel Beltrán-Valero de Bernabé, Hülya Gündeşli, Tobias Willer, Jakob S. Satz, Robert W. Crawford, Steven J. Burden, Stefan Kunz, Michael B.A. Oldstone, Alessio Accardi, Beril Talim, Francesco Muntoni, Haluk Topaloğlu, Pervin Dinçer, Kevin P. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Dystroglycan, which serves as a major extracellular matrix receptor in muscle and the central nervous system, requires extensive O-glycosylation to function. We identified a dystroglycan missense mutation (Thr192→Met) in a woman with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and cognitive impairment. A mouse model harboring this mutation recapitulates the immunohistochemical and neuromuscular abnormalities observed in the patient. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the mutation impairs the receptor function of dystroglycan in skeletal muscle and brain by inhibiting the post-translational modification, mediated by the glycosyltransferase LARGE, of the phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycans on α-dystroglycan that is required for high-affinity binding to laminin.
Impaired Opsonic Activity but Normal Phagocytosis in Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Marjorie Lou Forman, E. Richard Stiehm, Jean Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Blood of 19 term and 19 low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates was studied for polymorphonuclear phagocytosis, intracellular killing and serum opsonin activity. Serums from 12 of 13 infants under 1925 gm had inadequate opsonins against Staphylococcus aureus 502A and Serratia marcescens when combined with either autologous or normal adult leukocytes. Serums from adults, term newborn infants and physiologically hypogammaglobulinemic infants did not exhibit this serum abnormality. With adult opsonin, cells from all 15 normal term and 13 of 14 normal LBW neonates phagocytized and killed bacteria normally. However, cells from six of nine term and LBW infants with abnormal clinical findings showed diminished phagocytic and killing rates. Levels of γG and β1c globulins were significantly higher in term than in LBW serums; γM and γA globulins were similar in the two groups. Low levels of γG globulin in LBW infants are probably the major factor responsible for their opsonic defect.
Reduction of Bacteriuria and Pyuria After Ingestion of Cranberry Juice
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effect of regular intake of cranberry juice beverage on bacteriuria and pyuria in elderly women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Volunteer sample of 153 elderly women (mean age, 78.5 years). <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Subjects were randomly assigned to consume 300 mL per day of a commercially available standard cranberry beverage or a specially prepared synthetic placebo drink that was indistinguishable in taste, appearance, and vitamin C content but lacked cranberry content. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —A baseline urine sample and six clean-voided study urine samples were collected at approximately 1-month intervals and tested quantitatively for bacteriuria and the presence of white blood cells. <h3>Results.</h3> —Subjects randomized to the cranberry beverage had odds of bacteriuria (defined as organisms numbering ≥10<sup>5</sup>/mL) with pyuria that were only 42% of the odds in the control group (<i>P</i>=.004). Their odds of remaining bacteriuric-pyuric, given that they were bacteriuric-pyuric in the previous month, were only 27% of the odds in the control group (<i>P</i>=.006). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These findings suggest that use of a cranberry beverage reduces the frequency of bacteriuria with pyuria in older women. Prevalent beliefs about the effects of cranberry juice on the urinary tract may have microbiologic justification. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:751-754)
Pharmaceutical industry is main influence in GP prescribing
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

GPs rely heavily on information provided by the pharmaceutical industry and its representatives when they prescribe new drugs.

They are more likely to rely on data provided by drug companies than on independent sources, the results of a new study have shown.

“The significant first stage in the decision-making process is awareness of a new drug. The most important sources were the pharmaceutical industry, in …
Variations in Health Care, Patient Preferences, and High-Quality Decision Making
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is Renal Warm Ischemia over 30 Minutes during Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Possible? One-Year Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Francesco Porpiglia, Julien Renard, Michele Billia, Francesca Musso, Alessandro Volpe, Rodolfo Burruni, Carlo Terrone, Loredana Colla, Giorgina Piccoli, Valerio Podio, Roberto Mario Scarpa
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Parents key to reducing overweight in children
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Parents have been identified as the key to reducing overweight and obesity in children by promoting healthier eating in the family and encouraging exercise.

The evidence based briefing on tackling obesity and overweight from the Health Development Agency, on which the finding is based, also pointed to schools as having an important role in preventing obesity, especially in girls.

Surveys show that obesity has nearly trebled in the United Kingdom since 1980 and continues to rise, with nearly two thirds of men and over half of women either overweight or obese. Among …
Suppression of insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway and collagen expression in keloid-derived fibroblasts by quercetin: its therapeutic potential use in the treatment and/or prevention of keloids
Authors: T.T. Phan, P. See, E. Tran, T.T.T. Nguyen, S.Y. Chan, S.T. Lee, H. Huynh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Suppression of insulin‐like growth factor signalling pathway and collagen expression in keloid‐derived fibroblasts by quercetin: its therapeutic potential use in the treatment and/or prevention of keloids Get access T.T. Phan, T.T. Phan Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. See, P. See Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Tran, E. Tran Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.T.T. Nguyen, T.T.T. Nguyen Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.Y. Chan, S.Y. Chan Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.T. Lee, S.T. Lee Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Huynh H. Huynh Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Hung Huynh, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore 169610. E‐mail: cmrhth@nccs.com.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Pages 544–552, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05174.x Published: 01 March 2003 Article history Accepted: 07 August 2002 Published: 01 March 2003
TCT-879 SIMPLIPHieDE (Single center IMPella LVAD supported Pci in High Risk group of patients – Detroit Medical Center Experience) Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty – Technique and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Haroon Faraz, Ahmed Munir, Hassan Ismail, Rohit Amin, Obrad Kokanovic, Tamam Mohamad, Antwon Robinson, Muhammad Shahzad, Theodore Schreiber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dietary intake of phosphorus modulates the circadian rhythm in serum concentration of phosphorus. Implications for the renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Authors: A A Portale, B P Halloran, R C Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We recently reported that in healthy men, changes in the production rate (PR) of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] accounted for the 80% increase and the 30% decrease in its serum concentration that was induced by restriction and supplementation, respectively, of dietary phosphorus. These changes in PR and serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D could be mediated by changes in serum concentrations of phosphorus that occur after the morning fasting period. To examine this hypothesis, we measured serum concentrations of phosphorus in blood drawn at hourly intervals for 24 h in six healthy men in whom dietary phosphorus was initially maintained at 1,500 mg/70 kg body weight per day for 9 d, then restricted to 500 mg/d (coupled with orally administered aluminum hydroxide) for 10 d, and then supplemented to 3,000 mg/d for 10 d. When dietary phosphorus was normal, the serum concentration of phosphorus exhibited the normal circadian rhythm: a rapid decrease in early morning to a nadir at 1100, followed by an increase to plateau at 1600 h and a further increase to an acrophase (peak) at 0030 h. The variation in serum levels of phosphorus can be described as the sum of sinusoidal functions with periodicities of 24 and 12 h. Phosphorus restriction for 10 d induced a 40% reduction in the 24-h mean serum level of phosphorus, abolished the early afternoon rise in its serum level (i.e., the 12-h periodic component of the time series), and delayed the acrophase by 3 h to 0330 h. Phosphorus supplementation for 10 d induced a 14% increase in the 24-h mean serum level of phosphorus but no significant change in its morning fasting level, exaggerated the early afternoon rise in serum phosphorus, and advanced the acrophase by 9 h to 1530 h. The changes in the PR of 1,25-(OH)2D induced by restriction and supplementation of dietary phosphorus varied inversely and significantly with those induced in the 24-h mean serum level of phosphorus (R = -0.88, P less than 0.001). These data demonstrate that in healthy men, dietary phosphorus is an important determinant of the serum concentration of phosphorus throughout most of the day. The data suggest that diet-induced changes in serum levels of phosphorus mediate the changes in PR and serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D.
LACTATIONAL INSANITY.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: GEORGE H. ROHE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Nearly all writers upon insanity describe the mental derangements occurring during pregnancy, the puerperium, and the nursing period under the collective title "puerperal insanity." Careful observation will, however, show certain points of distinction which may be noted, both in the symptomatology as well as in the causative factors of these mental disturbances. Those authors who classify puerperal insanity into the insanity of pregnancy, of the puerperal period proper, and of the lactational or nursing period, arbitrarily assume that the latter begins six weeks or two months after labor. In a general way this limitation though arbitrary may be accepted, for obstetric authors count as belonging to the puerperium that period of time occupied by the involution of the parturient organs which is usually stated to be six weeks. Prolonged or excessive lactation is given as the chief cause of insanity occurring during the nursing period. In most cases this is