tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attempted Suicide by Strychnia Successfully Treated by Hydrate of Chloral
Authors: G. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1880)

2-Z6I3WCJOURN4.[Marcb 27, i Bo.*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 _ * _ -ws neyer any snidll notited&.-At >the.comxneEaerehtt!,f! s87C,he tXtended St. Mary's Hospital, and frfsome:moqthsrwasgien ioideof J-ootissium, as hehad'contrtucted a-csancre fift eaeyweviously.FHe -had never since the sore been"affected ;with .a"sysecosdttrysyniptotns.This4treatmeikt gave him no relief.In the, earlypart of,the winter of 1877, he came 'under.my care, and said that'afior the -third application of the spray he began to feel better.The spray was continued!for o«er t~wd t4ionths, the patient attending two or three' times a -week, no inter- rifl'remedies being given.Sincethen there has been no returin of the iditcharge, or any recurrence of thefattacks of sneezing.REMARKS.-These cases are, with one exception, all typical cases of sirmple oranna.'They presented most of.the common symptoms of the coifrplaint, Nvhi4th are: congestion of the imucous mnembrane with, -eonynly, slight thickening; crustations of dried mucus blocking up tWe'nestrils, which, on being removed, Adiscover ulceration of the mucous iutface, and occasionally destruction of;bone; a constant discharge, either scanty or copious, thin.or-,thick; perhaps-,mixedr with blood, and frequently so offensive thatlte.j sufferer is debmrredfiom society; a -running of the discharge, when the patient is -lying down, into the -'laynx.In two cases' in which the patients have suffered:from chronic 'bLkyngitig previous to incurring ozena, the i-rritation caused by this Jgta4itation of the nasal discharge hasi materially helped, it would '.een,; to keep up the laryngeal -congestion.Pain in or about the nostrils, or a feeling of discomfort, severe enough to keep the patient awake at night; redness of the skin over the bridge of the nose; the eiyes, or eyesight are in some cases affected.During the catamenial period the symptoms are with many increased.This ozaenic conditi;on 'causes a great depression of spirits, and with some patients a disgust for life, insomuch that they have often confessed to feeling inclinedto com- Imit' suicide, and thus free themselves'from what seemed to be an in- .curabledisease.I haveinserted one syphilitic case, for the sprays appear to assist the constitutional remedies.-This has been made evident in the case of a -gentlernan who'cantG t me for ulceration in the right nostril,, the result -i' primary disease contracted ten years ago..It seems to me that in these cases of specific clisease it is better to employ mercury rathier than 'iodide of potassium, on account of the common tendency of the latter +drug to' cause a nasal discharge, at any rate to give it as [sparingly as * Read before the North of Ireland Branch.
Urinary N-Terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide Excretion in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Gerard C.M. Linssen, Kevin Damman, Hans L. Hillege, Gerjan Navis, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Adriaan A. Voors
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Urinary excretion is currently regarded as the main mechanism of elimination of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The clinical implications and the value of measurement of urinary NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure are largely unknown.We studied 94 patients (age, 58+/-11 years; 79% men) with chronic heart failure (CHF) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were measured as clearance of (125)I-iothalamate and (131)I-hippuran, respectively. NT-proBNP levels were determined in both plasma and 24-hour urine collections. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction of CHF patients was 0.28+/-0.09. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were higher in CHF patients compared with control subjects (median, 547 versus 41 pg/mL; P<0.001). Urinary NT-proBNP excretion, however, was substantially lower in CHF patients (median, 0.13 versus 2.3 mL/min; P<0.001). Urinary NT-proBNP excretion was independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate. In both CHF patients and control subjects, there was a strong and inverse relation between plasma NT-proBNP concentrations and urinary NT-proBNP excretion (r=-0.72 and r=-0.65 respectively; both P<0.001). Decreased renal plasma flow in CHF was significantly associated with a lower excretion of NT-proBNP (P=0.026).Urinary NT-proBNP excretion is lower in patients with CHF compared with control subjects and is inversely related to plasma NT-proBNP. Urinary NT-proBNP is associated with renal plasma flow but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Elevated levels of plasma NT-proBNP in patients with CHF might be explained not only by myocardial stress but also by a marked decrease in urinary excretion.
Surface-Epitope Masking: a Strategy for the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Molecules Expressed on the Cell Surface
Authors: R. Shen, Z.-z. Su, C. A. Olsson, N. I. Goldstein, P. B. Fisher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Surface-Epitope Masking: a Strategy for the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Molecules Expressed on the Cell Surface Get access Ruoqian Shen, Ruoqian Shen Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center/Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zao-zhong Su, Zao-zhong Su Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center/Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carl A. Olsson, Carl A. Olsson Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center/Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neil I. Goldstein, Neil I. Goldstein ImClone Systems, Inc.New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul B. Fisher Paul B. Fisher Departments of Pathology and Urology. Comprehensive Cancer Center/Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, N. Y. Correspondence to : Dr. Paul B. Fisher, Departments of Pathology and Urology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons. PHSTEM-10, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 2, 19 January 1994, Pages 91–98, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.2.91 Published: 19 January 1994 Article history Received: 23 August 1993 Revision received: 12 October 1993 Accepted: 27 October 1993 Published: 19 January 1994
Abstract 589: DNA demethylating agent and histone deacetylation inhibitor synergistically induce paired box 5 gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Yuanxin Liang, Roman Perez-Soler, Yiyu Zou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epigenetic abnormalities play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor suppressor paired box 5 gene (Pax5) is one of the most frequently methylated genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Depletion of Pax5 increased malignant characteristics including proliferation, migration and invasion in mammary cancer cells, while overexpression of Pax5 does not lead to cancer in vivo and induces apoptosis in hematological cancer cells. In this study, we found that Pax5 expression was frequently absent or down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines in vitro. We tested whether a combination of DNA demethylating agent Azacytidine and histone deacetylation (HDAC) inhibitor Vorinostat has a synergistic effect on the Pax 5 gene expression and cell growth inhibition of human NSCLC cell lines. We found that the combination induced Pax5 expression synergistically in NSCLC cell lines. Azacytidine decreased global DNA methylation and reduced CpG sites methylation rate in Pax5 promoter region. Vorinostat inhibited HDAC activity, but did not directly enhance the demethylation function of Azacytidine. Further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanism of action of the synergistic effect of these two agents on the Pax5 gene expression. Our results also show that different NSCLC cell lines respond similarly to the combination treatment under our experimental conditions. Citation Format: Yuanxin Liang, Roman Perez-Soler, Yiyu Zou. DNA demethylating agent and histone deacetylation inhibitor synergistically induce paired box 5 gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-589
Demonstration of an unidentified 48 kD polypeptide in circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R D Melsom, P R Smith, R N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were isolated from 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by anti-C1q affinity chromatography. The components were detected by silver stained sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels and identified by the Western blot. The CIC were composed of 20 different polypeptides, including albumin, immunoglobulin, complement, and acute phase reactants. Two components (molecular weight 48 kD and 45 kD respectively) remained unidentified. The 48 kD polypeptide was found in CIC from six out of 14 patients (43%) with extra-articular RA, but from none of eight patients with vasculitic complications of other connective tissue diseases. All immunoreactants were more frequently found in the patients with extra-articular features of RA. Although these results emphasise that most CIC in RA are composed of endogenous proteins, the 48 kD polypeptide is a candidate for an extrinsic antigen in RA.
US Senate confirms Obama's choice for surgeon general
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite fierce opposition by gun rights advocates the US Senate confirmed President Barack Obama’s nominee for surgeon general, Vivek H Murthy, in a 51-43 vote on 15 December.

Murthy, a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and hospitalist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, had cleared the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions’ confirmation hearings in March. But his nomination was opposed by …
Chest Tubes and CPR
Authors: Raymond C. Roy
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent research into the mechanism of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has led to the view that external cardiac compression is effective because it increases intrathoracic pressure and squeezes blood from the pulmonary circulation, which fills during the relaxation phase. This increased intrathoracic pressure compresses thin-walled veins at thoracic outlets (or there may be venous valves) to prevent transmission of this pressure to the extrathoracic venous system and to block retrograde flow. The thick-walled arteries are not compressed, so that the increased intrathoracic pressure is transmitted to the arterial system and flow occurs down the arteriovenous pressure gradient<sup>1</sup>(1980; 244:1366). During conventional two-person CPR (ie, ventilations between the fifth and first compressions) the endotracheal tube acts as a vent to limit the increase in intrathoracic pressure and decreases the effectiveness of external cardiac compression. Chandra and associates<sup>2</sup>have demonstrated that simultaneous ventilation and external
THE RELATION OF CHRONIC NASAL AND LARYNGEAL DISEASES TO PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.Read before the Colorado State Medical Society, Denver, June, 1894.
Authors: S. E. SOLLY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

For the purpose of inquiry into the relation of chronic nasal affections to those of the throat and chest occurring in connection with pulmonary tuberculosis, I have analyzed my last 219 reports of chest examinations. Taking up each report in its exact order, 19 of these, while pulmonary, were apparently non-tuberculous and therefore omitted, leaving 200 to be analyzed. The inquiry was stopped at this number because it seemed sufficient to draw conclusions from and show the tendency of the relationship, and on account of more extended observations requiring more time and labor than could be then spent upon the subject. There were, therefore, 200 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis to be investigated which were not in any way selected, but taken in the order in which they presented themselves to me for their first examination, running back from a recent date. Of these 200 chest cases, 33 had also nasal
Activated status of basophils in chronic urticaria leads to interleukin-3 hyper-responsiveness and enhancement of histamine release induced by anti-IgE stimulus
Authors: F.D. Lourenço, M.H. Azor, J.C. Santos, E. Prearo, C.W. Maruta, E.A. Rivitti, A.J.S. Duarte, M.N. Sato
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Basophils and mast cells are the main target cells in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Besides the basopenia, intrinsic defects of the anti-IgE cross-linking signalling pathway of basophils have been described in CIU.We sought to investigate the profile of expression of activation markers on basophils of patients with CIU and to explore the effect of interleukin (IL)-3 priming upon anti-IgE cross-linking stimuli through expression of activation markers and basophil histamine releasability.Evaluation of the surface expression of FcepsilonRIalpha, CD63, CD203c and CD123 on whole blood basophils of patients with CIU undergoing autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed by flow cytometry. The effect of pretreatment with IL-3 in the anti-IgE response was analysed by the expression of basophil activation markers and histamine release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Blood basophils of patients with CIU were reduced in number and displayed increased surface expression of FcepsilonRIalpha, which was positively correlated with the IgE serum levels. Upregulation of expression of both surface markers CD203c and CD63 was verified on basophils of patients with CIU, regardless of ASST response. High expression of IL-3 receptor on basophils was detected only in ASST+ patients with CIU. Pretreatment with IL-3 upregulated CD203c expression concomitantly with the excreting function of blood basophils and induced a quick hyper-responsiveness to anti-IgE cross-linking on basophils of patients with CIU compared with healthy controls.Basophils of patients with CIU showed an activated profile, possibly due to an in vivo priming. Functionally, basophils have high responsiveness to IL-3 stimulation, thereby suggesting that defects in the signal transduction pathway after IgE cross-linking stimuli are recoverable in subjects with chronic urticaria.
Fatal Brain Damage Associated with Cardiomyopathy of Pregnancy, with Notes on Caesarean Section in a Hyperbaric Chamber
Authors: I. McA. Ledingham, T. I. McBride, W. B. Jennett, J. H. Adams, S. A. P. Tindal
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Three weeks after admission to a maternity hospital for observation following minor antepartum haemorrhage, a primiparous patient aged 22 suffered a sudden left hemiplegia and became comatose. Congestive cardiac failure ensued and because of the subsequent severe hypoxaemia she was transferred to the hyperbaric oxygen unit at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, where it was found possible to improve her condition by means of oxygen at increased pressure. A caesarean section was w successfully performed in the hyperbaric chamber, and a normal live female infant was delivered. Though the patient's general condition improved she never regained consciousness and died almost three months later. Necropsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of cardiomyopathy of pregnancy with severe ischaemic changes in the brain.
The Investigation of Dysphagia
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kathryn Simmons<sup>1</sup>presented a valuable discussion of dysphagia management in the June 20th issue of<i>JAMA</i>, describing problems of this nature stemming from such conditions as bulbar neurological disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hyperthyroidism, retropharyngeal abscesses, and myasthenia gravis. However, when Martin Donner, MD, states that "the mystique of 'globus hystericus'—that somebody is hysterical and therefore can't swallow—is to a large extent nonexistent," I must challenge this conclusion. Idiomatic expressions such as "I can't swallow that" or "I can't stomach that" or "Hearing that makes me sick" did not evolve from outer space. Human beings recognized that bodily functions may echo emotions. Having been psychiatric consultant to the allergy and immunology clinic and to the family medicine department at the UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, for many years as well as being in private practice for over 30 years, I have encountered a number of
Using tools of epidemiology, physicians monitor medical care
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

For more than a decade, small-area analysis has been quietly progressing, mostly in New England. Not coincidentally, that is where John Wennberg, MD, and Phillip Caper, MD, work. Small-area analysis refers to the process of examining variations in medical care among hospital market areas, usually within the same state or region. "These studies extend classic epidemiologic approaches to the study of health services, allowing us to find differences in ways those services are being received," says Caper, professor of public policy at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH. In the 1970s, Wennberg, now professor of epidemiology at Dartmouth Medical School, discovered considerable differences in the rate of hysterectomies performed (per 10,000 residents) among various "small areas" in Maine. The method of analysis controlled for age, sex, and "border crossing" in the populations studied (<i>The Journal of the Maine Medical Association</i>1975;66:123-149). He had soon found similar variations in the rates of
Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by heart transplant.
Authors: J Babinet, F Gay, D Bustos, M Dubarry, D Jaulmes, L Nguyen, M Gentilini
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Site of fracture and associated functional scores before and after fracture Mean (SD) functional score Site of No of fracture patients Before fracture After fracture Arm: Hand 8 88-12 (5 30) 71-88 (8 43) Wrist 37 88-78 (660) 63 05 (9 58) Elbow 4 90 00(0 00) 67 50 (2 89) Humerus 30 86 50 (6-97) 58-13 (10-24) Leg: Foot 6 90 00(0 00) 72-50 (4-18) Ankle 10 88 50 (4-74) 65 20 (12 58) Shin bone 5 90 00 (0 00) 55 40 (12 18) Knee 5 86-86(3-21) 42-00(13 04)Mean functional score before fracture (88 2 (5 87)) v mean functional score after fracture (62-87 (11-61)), p<0001 (Wilcoxon matched pairs test).were visited by a district nurse, and three received meals on wheels.Forty four patients required new help from relatives and neighbours, and six of these temporarily left their homes.Nine paid for private cleaners and one employed a cook.Sixty five stated that they required home help especially during the first two to four weeks after sustaining the fracture.Fifteen were severely disabled, and 59 had moderate functional disability on the modified Barthel activities of daily living index.
Size of Mammary Lumps
Authors: J. W. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  I would agree with everything in the recent MEDICOLEGAL ROUNDS article concerning treatment of mammary lumps (233:559,1975) except the opinion that a lump the size of a pullet egg is a small breast lump. A pullet egg might be small when compared to Grade A Large, but it certainly is of substantial size when found in a breast. Also, why in this day and age do we continue to describe all lumps in comparison with some food item instead of giving an accurate estimate of size?
THE BACTERIA IN SCARLATINAL AND NORMAL THROATS.
Authors: GUSTAV F. RUEDIGER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> It is a well established fact that streptococci are constantly found in great abundance on the tonsils of scarlet fever patients. This was shown very clearly by the investigations of Weaver, Baginsky and Sommerfeld, Charlton, Charbade, Booker, Taugl, Klein, Kurth and others. It is also well known that these organisms are frequently found on the tonsils of healthy persons, although not in such great abundance as on the tonsils of scarlet fever patients. Hilbert, Tunnicliff, Dungern, Schweighofer and Widal and Bezancon state that they found them in all normal throats which they examined. Others, however, did not find them so constantly. Black found them on only 30 per cent. of the normal tonsils which he examined. Netter found them in 5.5 per cent.; Kurth in 8 per cent.; Podbielsky in 2 per cent. and Dornberger in 45 per cent. of the normal throats examined by them. In most of
Determinants of HIV disease progression: six-year longitudinal study in the Edinburgh haemophilia/HIV cohort
Authors: P. Simmonds, D. Beatson, R. J. G. Cuthbert, H. Watson, B. Reynolds, J. F. Peutherer, J. V. Parry, C. A. Ludlam, C. M. Steel
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Serogroups A/C Neisseria meningitidis Oligosaccharide—Protein Conjugate Vaccine in Young Children
Authors: Jay M. Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent serogroups A/C meningococcal oligosaccharide—protein conjugate vaccine compared with the licensed meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Study population.</h3> —Ninety healthy 18- to 24-month-old children who were seen at a southern California Kaiser Permanente clinic. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Vaccination with either the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (at 1 of 2 dosages) or the polysaccharide vaccine, with 2 doses given 2 months apart. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Immune response to each vaccine dose as determined by measurement of serogroup-specific total antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by assessment of serum bactericidal activity. <h3>Results.</h3> —Both vaccines appeared to be safe, and nearly all children responded with greater than 4-fold increases in antibody levels. The 2 dosages of the conjugate vaccine induced similar antibody responses; therefore, the data for the 2 conjugate vaccine groups were combined. Following 2 doses, ELISA antibody levels against group C meningococcus were significantly higher in conjugate vaccine recipients than in polysaccharide vaccine recipients (16.66 μg/mL vs 8.31 μg/mL;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), but antibody levels against group A were not significantly different (22.75 μg/mL vs 21.24 μg/mL;<i>P</i>=.70). The serum bactericidal assays showed striking differences between the conjugate and polysaccharide vaccine groups. Geometric mean serum bactericidal titers were significantly higher in conjugate vaccine recipients (755.6 vs 37.6 for group A,<i>P</i>&lt;.001; 3197.9 vs 11.4 for group C,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The immune response induced by this meningococcal oligosaccharide—protein conjugate vaccine was qualitatively different from that induced by the polysaccharide vaccine, and the antibodies it elicited provided greater functional activity. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1499-1503)