tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Physiology: Pathophysiological Basis and Practical Application
Authors: Bruce W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<i>Clinical Physiology</i>, editor Sjöstrand tells us, is a compulsory subject for Swedish medical students. He and 13 colleagues prepared this text for such a course. Part 1, entitled "Pathophysiological Basis," presents editor Sjöstrand's overview of pathophysiology in some 200 pages. It is divided into three sections—disturbances of organs, regulatory disorders, and disorders due to insufficient adaptation. Part 2, "Methods in Clinical Praxis," making up the last two thirds of the book, describes the results obtained by a distinguished group of Swedish clinical physiologists using various procedures. Happily, it is not a collection of recipes; rather it is a discussion of what these men have learned from the procedures they use to study the clinical physiology of patients. The text's only deficiency deserving comment, except for the usual problem of translation, is an inadequate bibliography. The authors have presented much valuable material and many readers will want to read the articles
From Good Intentions to Proven Interventions: Effectiveness of Actions to Reduce the Health Impacts of Air Pollution
Authors: Luisa V. Giles, Prabjit Barn, Nino Künzli, Isabelle Romieu, Murray A. Mittleman, Stephan van Eeden, Ryan Allen, Chris Carlsten, Dave Stieb, Curtis Noonan, Audrey Smargiassi, Joel D. Kaufman, Shakoor Hajat, Tom Kosatsky, Michael Brauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Associations between air pollution and a multitude of health effects are now well established. Given ubiquitous exposure to some level of air pollution, the attributable health burden can be high, particularly for susceptible populations.An international multidisciplinary workshop was convened to discuss evidence of the effectiveness of actions to reduce health impacts of air pollution at both the community and individual level. The overall aim was to summarize current knowledge regarding air pollution exposure and health impacts leading to public health recommendations.During the workshop, experts reviewed the biological mechanisms of action of air pollution in the initiation and progression of disease, as well as the state of the science regarding community and individual-level interventions. The workshop highlighted strategies to reduce individual baseline risk of conditions associated with increased susceptibility to the effects of air pollution and the need to better understand the role of exposure duration in disease progression, reversal, and adaptation.We have identified two promising and largely unexplored strategies to address and mitigate air pollution-related health impacts: reducing individual baseline risk of cardiovascular disease and incorporating air pollution-related health impacts into land-use decisions.
Evidence for Two Subtypes of Cushing's Disease Based on the Analysis of Episodic Cortisol Secretion
Authors: Eve Van Cauter, Samuel Refetoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of Cushing's syndrome, we studied variations in plasma cortisol levels (episodic variations, or pulses) over 24 hours in 51 normal subjects, 14 patients with adrenal adenoma, and 46 patients with Cushing's disease. Data were obtained both from our patients and from the literature. As compared with normal subjects, patients with adrenal adenoma had fewer spikes in cortisol levels (defined as an elevation of at least 10 per cent and no less than 1 microgram per deciliter), and the spikes were lower both in absolute terms (4.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 5.1 +/- 2.2 micrograms per deciliter, P less than 0.05) and in terms of the percentage of the preceding trough concentration (23 +/- 7 vs. 123 +/- 74 per cent, P less than 0.001). Patients with Cushing's disease seemed to fall into two groups: those with hypopulsatile and those with hyperpulsatile secretion. The hypopulsatile group had a normal number and absolute height of spikes, but their height relative to the preceding trough concentration was lower than in controls (42 +/- 16 vs. 123 +/- 74 per cent, P less than 0.005). In contrast, the hyperpulsatile group had a similar number of spikes as the hypopulsatile group, but their absolute and relative heights were twice as great (12.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 6.0 +/- 1.6 micrograms per deciliter and 84 +/- 40 vs. 42 +/- 16 per cent, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both). We hypothesize that the Cushing's disease in the second group of patients may have been caused by increased hypothalamic release of, or pituitary responsiveness to, corticotropin-releasing factor, whereas that in the first group may represent pituitary oversecretion of corticotropin that is relatively independent of corticotropin-releasing factor.
Clinical and Pharmacologic Study of Orally Administrated Uridine
Authors: G. J. Van Groeningen, G.J. Peters, J. C. Nadal, E. Laurensse, H. M. Pinedo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Effects of Oral administrations of uridine were investigated in a study of six healthy volunteer control subjects and nine patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Oral uridine was studied as single-dose administrations at dosesescalating from 0.3 to 12 g/m2 and as multiple-dose administrations every 6 hours for 3 days at doses from 5 to 10 g/m2. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 10 to 12 g/m2 for a single dose of uridine and 5 g/m2 for the multiple-dose regimen. Diarrhea was the dose-limiting toxic effect. Single-dose oral uridine resulted in an increase in plasma uridine concentrations in the range of 60 to 80 μM after doses of 8 to 12 g/m2. At these doses, Bioavailability of oral uridine ranged from 5.8% to 9.9%. At the MTD of 5 g/m2 in the multiple-dose uridine schedule, steady-state plasma uridine levels of approximately 50μ were achieved. Further Studies should explore the role of oral uridine in the modulation of the toxicity of fluorouracil. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:437–441, 1991]
Digitalis: Ions, Inotropy and Toxicity
Authors: Thomas W. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

As we enter the third century of the clinical use of digitalis, much remains to be learned about this useful but relatively toxic family of drugs. Current thinking about basic mechanisms of cardiac glycoside action at the cellular level can be traced to the observation of Schatzmann that transmembrane active transport of Na+ and K+ is potently and specifically inhibited by digitalis.1 Schatzmann used human red blood cells in his studies, and it is of interest that this fundamental finding, presented 25 years ago, has now been extended to potential clinical usefulness by the report of Loes and his colleagues . . .
CD14<sup>+</sup>S100A9<sup>+</sup> Monocytic Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Their Clinical Relevance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Po-Hao Feng, Kang-Yun Lee, Ya-Ling Chang, Yao-Fei Chan, Lu-Wei Kuo, Ting-Yu Lin, Fu-Tsai Chung, Chih-Shi Kuo, Chih-Teng Yu, Shu-Min Lin, Chun-Hua Wang, Chun-Liang Chou, Chien-Da Huang, Han-Pin Kuo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of myeloid cells that suppress T-cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. Their clinical relevance remains unclear.To identify subtypes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical relevance.CD11b(+)CD14(-) and CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells, determined and phenotyped by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC were correlated with clinical data. T-cell activation in response to CD3/CD28 costimulation was determined by carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining and ELISA analysis of IFN-γ. The percentage of CD11b(+)CD14(+)S100A9(+) cells in PBMCs was correlated with and tested as a predictor for treatment response in a cohort of patients prospectively receiving first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Patients with NSCLC had a significantly higher ratio of CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells than healthy subjects, which was correlated with poor performance status and poor response to chemotherapy. The depletion of these cells in the PBMC reversed the suppression of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Isolated CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells suppressed CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, and the former effect was attenuated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine hydrochloride, arginase inhibitor N-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA), and blocking antibodies for IL-4Rα(+) and IL-10. CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells were monocyte-like, expressing CD33(+), CD15(-/low), IL-4Rα(+), and S100A9(+) and producing iNOS, arginase, and several cytokines. The ratio of S100A9(+) cells positively correlated with the suppressive ability of the CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells, was associated with poor response to chemotherapy, and predicted shorter progression-free survival.CD14(+)S100A9(+) inflammatory monocytes in patients with NSCLC are a distinct subset of MDSCs, which suppress T cells by arginase, iNOS, and the IL-13/IL-4Rα axis. The amount of these inflammatory monocytes is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01204307).
A METHOD OF CLOSED ANAESTHESIA
Authors: T. A. B. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1933)

of the bag.Its rate of flow is regulated by a system A METHOD OF CLOSED ANAESTHESIA of levers on the bag, while a thumb-screw on this lever BY system allows the pressure to be adjusted to within 1/2 mm.Hg.A manometer provides a means of T. A. B. HARRIS, M.B., B
TV: Keeping up appearances
Authors: N. Marks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Media medics reflect broadcasters' growing preference for youth and beauty

If you think that policemen are getting younger these days, have you taken a look at the new breed of media medics?

As naturalist David Attenborough has squeezed up to make room for Charlotte Uhlenbroek and the pulling power of gardener Charlie Dimmock proved greater than that ever demonstrated by Percy Thrower, it seems now might be the time for the old school television doctor to give in graciously to those such as Dr Sophia Khalique.

A 34 year old London-based private general practitioner, Dr Khalique is “personable, opinionated, and able to communicate—just the qualities for the perfect modern media doc,” says television producer Ife Okwaudili. “And oh yes,” adds Okwaudili, “of course, she looks great too.”

Dr Khalique is making her media debut as the resident doctor on daytime talkshow Loose Lips , which launched this week on satellite channel Living TV. Once a week on the hour-long show, co-presented by Melinda Messenger (best known for her semiclad appearances …
Overplaying the role of honey bees as pollinators: a comment on Aebi and Neumann (2011)
Authors: Jeff Ollerton, Victoria Price, W. Scott Armbruster, Jane Memmott, Stella Watts, Nickolas M. Waser, Ørjan Totland, Dave Goulson, Ruben Alarcón, Jane C. Stout, Sam Tarrant
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2011)
High-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric Castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy
Authors: Thomas S. Uldrick, Mark N. Polizzotto, Karen Aleman, Deirdre O'Mahony, Kathleen M. Wyvill, Victoria Wang, Vickie Marshall, Stefania Pittaluga, Seth M. Steinberg, Giovanna Tosato, Denise Whitby, Richard F. Little, Robert Yarchoan
Journal: Blood (2011)
Impact of thymoglobulin prior to pediatric unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation on immune reconstitution and clinical outcome
Authors: Caroline A. Lindemans, Robert Chiesa, Persis J. Amrolia, Kanchan Rao, Olga Nikolajeva, Arianne de Wildt, Corinne E. Gerhardt, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Marc B. Bierings, Paul Veys, Jaap J. Boelens
Journal: Blood (2013)
Chlorpromazine in Patients with Nausea and Vomiting Due to Advanced Cancer
Authors: F. Homburger, George Smithy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

NAUSEA and vomiting are frequent and annoying complications seen in a large proportion of patients with advanced and incurable cancer. In these patients it is often impossible to alleviate nausea or vomiting, except when it is due to mechanical causes that can be corrected by palliative surgery or temporarily remedied by various conservative mechanical means. In many cases either the mechanism is unknown or the cause is inaccessible to surgery, as in inoperable brain metastases.Studies by others1 2 3 have shown that chlorpromazine hydrochloride§ was effective in suppressing nausea and vomiting caused by a wide variety of clinical conditions, including carcinomatosis. . . .
Studies on the defect underlying the lysosomal storage of sialic acid in Salla disease. Lysosomal accumulation of sialic acid formed from N-acetyl-mannosamine or derived from low density lipoprotein in cultured mutant fibroblasts.
Authors: M Renlund, P T Kovanen, K O Raivio, P Aula, C G Gahmberg, C Ehnholm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Salla disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by mental retardation and disturbed sialic acid metabolism. To study endogenous synthesis and breakdown of sialic acid, fibroblasts were incubated for 5 d in the presence and then in the absence of N-[3H]acetylmannosamine. Labeling of free sialic acid was 5-10 times higher in mutant than in normal cells. Radioactivity decreased in 4 d by 75% in normal but only by 30% in mutant fibroblasts. The labeling pattern was not normalized upon coculture of mutant and normal cells. To study the metabolism of extracellular sialic acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was labeled in the sialic acid moiety (periodate-NaB3H4) or in the protein moiety (125I). Binding, internalization, lysosomal degradation, and exit of products of protein catabolism were similar in normal and mutant fibroblasts. Upon incubation with LDL labeled in the sialic acid moiety, mutant cells accumulated 2-3 times more free sialic acid radioactivity than normal fibroblasts, mostly in the lysosomal fraction. After a 24-h chase incubation, radioactivity in free sialic acid decreased by 70-80% in normal but only by 10-30% in mutant cells. In mutant fibroblasts, 40% of the radioactivity remained in lysosomes, whereas no labeled free sialic acid was detected in lysosomes from normal fibroblasts. We conclude that in Salla disease, fibroblast endogenous synthesis of sialic acid and lysosomal cleavage of exogenous glycoconjugates is normal, but free sialic acid cannot leave the lysosome. These findings suggest that the basic defect in Salla disease is deficient transport of free sialic acid through the lysosomal membrane.
More confused—but better informed
Authors: Jane Smith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

“I am now thoroughly confused but better informed.” This confession by Martin Dawes relates to combating head lice (p 362), but we might consider using it as a measure of success for a medical journal. Confusion may be but a step on the path to understanding.

Dawes's confusion is over a study by Nigel Hill and colleagues that compared the effectiveness of pediculicides with the “Bug Buster” set of combs in removing head lice (p 384). This showed that the combs were more effective but it also showed much lower rates of cure with the pediculicides (13%) than have been …
Music training, engagement with sequence, and the development of the natural number concept in young learners
Authors: Martin F. Gardiner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Studies by Gardiner and colleagues connecting musical pitch and arithmetic learning support Rips et al.'s proposal that natural number concepts are constructed on a base of innate abilities. Our evidence suggests that innate ability concerning sequence (“Basic Sequencing Capability” or BSC) is fundamental. Mathematical engagement relating number to BSC does not develop automatically, but, rather, should be encouraged through teaching.
Rapamycin delays tumor development in murine livers by inhibiting proliferation of hepatocytes with DNA damage
Authors: Laura Elisa Buitrago‐Molina, Deepika Pothiraju, Jutta Lamlé, Silke Marhenke, Uta Kossatz, Kai Breuhahn, Michael P. Manns, Nisar Malek, Arndt Vogel
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

In this study, everolimus (RAD001) was used to determine the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in hepatocarcinogenesis. We show that RAD001 effectively inhibits proliferation of hepatocytes during chronic liver injury. Remarkably, the ability of RAD001 to impair cell cycle progression requires activation of the DNA damage response; loss of p53 significantly attenuates the antiproliferative effects of mTOR inhibition. RAD001 modulates the expression of specific cell cycle-related proteins and the assembly of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes to prevent cell cycle progression. Furthermore, RAD001 sustains the apoptosis sensitivity of hepatocytes during chronic liver injury by inhibiting p53-induced p21 expression. Long-term treatment with RAD001 markedly delays DNA damage-induced liver tumor development.We provide evidence that mTOR inhibition has a substantial effect on sequential carcinogenesis and may offer an effective strategy to delay liver tumor development in patients at risk.
BRAIN METABOLISM IN MAN: UNANESTHETIZED AND IN PENTOTHAL NARCOSIS
Authors: WILLIAMINA A. HIMWICH, EDMUND HOMBURGER, ROBERT MARESCA, HAROLD E. HIMWICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. The effect of pentothal anesthesia was examined in 9 subjects on whom 19 observations were made. Blood was drawn simultaneously from the right and left internal jugular veins and the femoral artery in order to determine the right and left cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences and the right and left cerebral blood flows, which were measured according to the method of Kety and Schmidt to calculate cerebral metabolic rate. When results from both right and left sides are averaged, the oxygen consumption of the brain in the unanesthetized man is 3.3 cc. oxygen/100 gm. of tissue/minute. This value, however, represents two groups: a higher one with 3.9 cc. oxygen/100 gm. of tissue/minute and a lower with 2.7. Because of the asymmetric venous return, the cortical component usually appears preponderantly in one of the two internal jugular veins and it is concluded that the portion of the brain with the higher metabolic rate is the cortex. 2. In every instance, pentothal anesthesia induced a depression in metabolic rate. The average during the second and third stages of anesthesia is 2.1 cc. oxygen/100 gm. of tissue/minute, a reduction of 36% from the control value. The pattern of pentothal anesthesia shows that cortical oxidations are depressed earlier and more profoundly than those of the rest of the brain, which in turn may also be subjected to metabolic inhibition. 3. Because of some effects of pentothal, which cannot be attributed to metabolic inhibition, it is concluded that pentothal narcosis is on a bipartite basis, including metabolic depression as one factor and inhibition of nerve function as another. The clinical signs of pentothal narcosis can be best explained on this bipartite basis. 4. In the resting individual, the high metabolism of the cortex is correlated with its rapid blood flow. It is probable that the parts of the brain with the higher metabolic rates possess a greater vascular complement and that this is a structural adaptation to metabolic requirements. On the other hand, the retarded cerebral blood flow observed with pentothal anesthesia is functional and in part is a response to a decreased metabolic rate. The depression of metabolism induced by pentothal alters both the cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference and cerebral blood flow. In most instances, both are decreased and, therefore, each of these factors is modified to account for the fall in cerebral metabolic rate.
Resumption of Warfarin Therapy After Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding: Benefit or Bias?
Authors: Kristian B. Filion, Jonathan Assayag, Laurent Azoulay
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Incidence of the Burkitt Tumour in Ibadan, Western Nigeria
Authors: G. M. Edington, C. M. U. Maclean
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Cancer in Uganda-Davies et al.MBALJOURNAL left behind as far as could be felt.Patient lost about a pint of blood during removal of the tumour and practically none after it.Patient's pulse became rapid (156/min.)and Liq.Strychn.hypo injection min. 10given during operation.At the close of the operation pulse was 128.Wound was brought together without any undue tension by silkworm gut interrupted sutures.Iodoform gauze and white wool applied.Operation lasted 1 hour and 10 minutes.On section the tumour was found to be encapsulated- to be jet black in section-soft in consistency and in one place to have broken down into a cyst.Ulcer led directly into interior of tumour.The tumour was put in weak spirit to be sent to Dr. Ross, of Entebbe.10 March.-Temp.rose to 101.8°F.last night.It is subnormal this morning.14 March.-Wounddressed; it was completely broken down- only two sutures holding.The stitches were all removed and the wound plugged with gauze.21 March.-Thewound has granulated level with surface and is healthily granulating in.24 March.-Tumourhas been pronounced to be a melanotic sarcoma by Dr. Ross, of Entebbe.28 March.-Healingnicely.Small gland noticed just above
SLE-like and sicca symptoms in late component (C9) complement deficiency.
Authors: M Sugimoto, M Nishikai, A Sato, Y Suzuki, M Nihei, J Uchida, N Mimura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Hereditary deficiencies in early and late complement components are well known to predispose to SLE-like syndromes or recurrent infection. Hitherto reported C9 deficient cases have usually been healthy subjects, however, and it is not considered that C9 deficiency is associated with any specific disease. We describe a completely C9 deficient patient with possible Sjögren's syndrome and discuss the relationship.
Pulmonic Second Sound in Health and Disease.
Authors: Robert N. Willson
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Philadelphia, April 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 14, 1906, appears a clinical note on the pulmonic sound in health and disease. There is suggested the undoubted, and often overlooked fact, that an evidently accentuated pulmonic sound in certain normal persons can be rendered normal by exercise, as the result of an equal distribution of the blood volume of the body, so to speak. Dr. Hardy concluded: "If this be true, it would seem that too much stress has been laid on this sign as an early indication of pulmonary tuberculosis, thus giving an opportunity, at least, for misleading conclusions." It is needless to say that a constant and pathologic increase in the intensity of the pulmonic sound is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of early pulmonary lesions, indicating as it does an overtension in the pulmonary circulation, almost, if not always, due to mechanical causes