tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Principles of Economic Analysis of Health Care Technology
Authors: Betty C. Jung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 March 1996Principles of Economic Analysis of Health Care TechnologyBetty C. Jung, RN, MPHBetty C. Jung, RN, MPHGuilford, CT 06437Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Evans' editorial [1] and the Task Force's position paper [2] delineating guidelines on ways to conduct research using economic analyses were excellent. As economic analyses become a standard for evaluating medical outcomes, protocols will be needed. The Task Force's operational definitions will certainly reduce misunderstanding, but I believe the ability to really “monetarize” quality of life, or even health, is debatable, given that such concepts are defined differently and change over time.Dr. Evans' discussion of the ways in which marketing outcomes affect pharmacoeconomic research is poignant. Sponsorship does, unfortunately, affect the validity of the research. ...References1. Evans RG. Manufacturing consensus, marketing truth: guidelines for economic evaluation. [Editorial] Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:59-60. Google Scholar2. Task Force on Principles for Economic Analysis of Health Care Technology. Economic analysis of health care technology. A report on principles. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:61-70. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Betty C. Jung, RN, MPHAffiliations: Guilford, CT 06437 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 5Page: 536KeywordsComputed axial tomographyDrug research and developmentHealth careHealth economicsMotivationPharmacoeconomicsQuality of lifeResearch and reporting methods ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Psychiatric symptoms and low blood pressure.
Authors: A. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The ultrastructure of retinal vessels was examined in three eyes from diabetic patients and two eyes from control subjects. In some of the retinal blood vessels of each of the diabetic eyes, the endothelial cytoplasm was thin and had fenestrae. These fenestrations which were seen in both capillaries and venules, were closed by a thin diaphragm. Transendothelial channels were also observed in the endothelial cytoplasm. The tight junctions between endothelial cells were rarely altered. The junctions were open with short adherent regions in which the junctional membranes showed increased electron density. These morphological changes may account for the characteristic breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic patients.
Transformation of Human Urothelial Cells (UROtsa) by As <sup>3+</sup> and Cd <sup>2+</sup> Induces the Expression of Keratin 6a
Authors: Seema Somji, Chandra S. Bathula, Xu Dong Zhou, Mary Ann Sens, Donald A. Sens, Scott H. Garrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Cadmium and arsenite can directly and malignantly transform the UROtsa cell line. The tumor heterotransplants produced from these transformed cells have histologic features consistent with human bladder cancer. Previous microarray analysis of total RNA from the parental and transformed cells suggested that keratin 6a was overexpressed as a result of cell transformation.
Allelic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene, insulin secretion and parents' heights are independently associated with height in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Daniela A.F. Ferrarezi, Naïma Bellili-Muñoz, Christiane Nicolau, Nadir Cheurfa, Isabel C. Guazzelli, Eliana Frazzatto, Gilberto Velho, Sandra M. Villares
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: V. J. Lund, D. J. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1988)

should be quoted; unfortunately, this is unknown.We think that it is unwise to base an argument for population screening on the findings in a selected population at risk, particularly when the incidence of abnormality in this selected group is lower than in the population as a whole.This would seem to be yet another example of basing a screening thesis (which is a population based activity) on data generated by secondary and tertiary referral, which is a selected clinical activity.
Three-dimensional Mapping of the Initiation of Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in the Human Heart
Authors: Mina K. Chung, Steven M. Pogwizd, Dave P. Miller, Michael E. Cain
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Elucidation of the electrophysiological mechanisms of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in humans is required to define the relationship between nonsustained VT and sustained VT. This goal requires, at least in part, analysis of transmural ventricular activation in patients with both sustained and nonsustained VTs. Methods and Results We analyzed three-dimensional intraoperative cardiac maps of extrastimuli and beats during 44 nonsustained VTs and the initiating beats of 6 sustained VTs from six patients with healed myocardial infarcts who were undergoing arrhythmia surgery. The coupling interval, total activation time, and diastolic interval of each extrastimulus and beat of nonsustained VT were compared with counterparts during sustained VT. Sites activated last during extrastimuli initiating nonsustained or sustained VTs occurred in the same region, and activation times were comparable. However, the site of earliest activation during the initial or subsequent beats of nonsustained VT was discordant from the site activated earliest during the first and subsequent beats of sustained VT in 74% of cases. The mean variance in coupling interval, but not total activation time or diastolic interval, was significantly greater for VT that terminated before the 10th cycle than for VT that sustained. When analyzed from the last extrastimulus up to the fifth VT cycle, the standard deviation of the coupling interval, but not of the total activation time, was greater for nonsustained than for sustained VTs. Electrode density was sufficient to define an arrhythmia mechanism for 36 beats of nonsustained VT. Twenty-one (58%) initiated in the subendocardium, midmyocardium, or epicardium by a macroreentrant mechanism, and 15 (42%) initiated in the subendocardium by a focal mechanism. Conclusions Compared with sustained VT, nonsustained VT initiates at discordant sites, is characterized by oscillations in coupling interval but not in total activation time, and initiates by either a macroreentrant or a focal mechanism.
The Short Isoform of the CEACAM1 Receptor in Intestinal T Cells Regulates Mucosal Immunity and Homeostasis via Tfh Cell Induction
Authors: Lanfen Chen, Zhangguo Chen, Kristi Baker, Elizabeth M. Halvorsen, Andre Pires da Cunha, Magdalena B. Flak, Georg Gerber, Yu-Hwa Huang, Shuhei Hosomi, Janelle C. Arthur, Ken J. Dery, Takashi Nagaishi, Nicole Beauchemin, Kathryn V. Holmes, Joshua W.K. Ho, John E. Shively, Christian Jobin, Andrew B. Onderdonk, Lynn Bry, Howard L. Weiner, Darren E. Higgins, Richard S. Blumberg
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Stochastic control of anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.
Authors: R A Eisenberg, S Y Craven, R W Warren, P L Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr autoimmune mice consistently show an approximately 25% incidence of the systemic lupus erythematosus marker autoantibody anti-Sm. In the present report, we show that the failure to find anti-Sm antibodies in three-quarters of 5-mo-old MRL/lpr mice was not an artifact of an insensitive assay, but rather that the mice fell into two populations as regards their anti-Sm positivity. Based on an extensive analysis of the incidence of anti-Sm positivity in 5-mo-old mice according to their cage of residence, we found no evidence for genetic, environmental, or parental influences on the propensity of an individual animal to become anti-Sm positive. Also, the gender of the mouse, its Sm antigen level, or its length of survival were not related to anti-Sm antibody, nor was the anti-Sm antibody status of either parent. Some animals became anti-Sm positive after 5 mo of age, but this was less likely than becoming positive before 5 mo of age. Finally, a survey of 205 autoimmune C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice confirmed the uniqueness of the MRL background for this autoantibody response. These results together indicate that the possibility of making anti-Sm antibodies is under genetic control, but that the expression of this capability in an individual animal is governed by stochastic events. We hypothesize further that such random processes may involve the expression of particular immunoglobulin variable-region genes combined with mechanisms of extensive somatic mutation or positive feedback amplification, which would transmute an initial monoclonal response into an eventual polyclonal one.
Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on granulocyte chemotaxis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in healthy individuals
Authors: M. CSATO, K. JABLONSKI, H. TRONNIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on granulocyte chemotaxis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activities were studied in healthy volunteers. An increase of polymorphonuclear chemotaxis takes place after five irradiations, while the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity remains practically unchanged.
Risk of breast cancer is also increased among Danish female airline cabin attendants
Authors: E. Lynge
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Eero Pukkala and colleagues report the incidence of cancer among a cohort of Finnish airline cabin attendants.1 Women made up the overwhelming majority of the cohort, and they were found to have an excess risk of cancer of the breast (number of cases observed, 20; standardised incidence ratio …
Adenosine deaminase activity in tuberculous pericarditis.
Authors: J M Martinez-Vazquez, E Ribera, I Ocana, R M Segura, R Serrat, J Sagrista
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Adenosine deaminase (Enzymes Commission No 3.5.4.4) is an enzyme capable of catalysing the catabolism of purine bases.Previous studies have shown that this enzyme may be useful in recognition of a tuberculous aetiology of pleural, peritoneal, or meningeal effusions.sAdenosine deaminase assay is a simple, sensitive, and specific diagnostic procedure in these conditions but its use in diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis has not previously been reported.
Effects of remote, retroactive intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection: randomised controlled trial
Authors: L. Leibovici
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To determine whether remote, retroactive intercessory prayer, said for a group of patients with a bloodstream infection, has an effect on outcomes.Double blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial of a retroactive intervention.University hospital.All 3393 adult patients whose bloodstream infection was detected at the hospital in 1990-6.In July 2000 patients were randomised to a control group and an intervention group. A remote, retroactive intercessory prayer was said for the well being and full recovery of the intervention group.Mortality in hospital, length of stay in hospital, and duration of fever.Mortality was 28.1% (475/1691) in the intervention group and 30.2% (514/1702) in the control group (P for difference=0.4). Length of stay in hospital and duration of fever were significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively).Remote, retroactive intercessory prayer said for a group is associated with a shorter stay in hospital and shorter duration of fever in patients with a bloodstream infection and should be considered for use in clinical practice.
Understanding the interplay between the proteasome pathway and autophagy in response to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition in myeloma cells is essential for their effective clinical application
Authors: L I Aronson, E L Davenport, F Mirabella, G J Morgan, F E Davies
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Understanding the interplay between the proteasome pathway and autophagy in response to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition in myeloma cells is essential for their effective clinical application
P174 Identifying non-adherence with asthma medication and the relationship to clinical outcomes amongst adults with difficult-to-control asthma
Authors: A. C. Murphy, A. Proeschel, M. E. Linnett, C. E. Brightling, A. J. Wardlaw, I. D. Pavord, P. Bradding, R. H. Green
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The failure of patients to adhere to prescribed medication regimens is well documented. The clinical effects of non-adherence can include treatment failure, unnecessary, potentially dangerous and costly intensification of therapy, complications and hospitalisations. The extent of non-adherence and the clinical implications in difficult-to-treat asthma were audited. <h3>Method</h3> A total of 161 adult asthma patients attending a difficult asthma clinic during July/August 2009 were included in the audit. GPs retrospective prescription refill data for asthma medicines, patient demographics and clinical outcome data were collated. The medication adherence ratio was calculated as the number of doses refilled/number of doses prescribed ×100 for a mean duration of 12 months. Adherence was defined as adequate if the ratio was ≥80%. <h3>Results</h3> Prescription refill data for 132 patients were available (82%), and 115 patients were included in the audit. Poor adherence was identified in 75/115 patients (65.2%) on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) overall – 64/101 (63.4%) taking combined ICS and long acting β<sub>2</sub> agonist (LABA) inhalers and 11/14 (78.6%) patients taking separate ICS and LABA inhalers (p=0.24). In the 14 patients using separate ICS and LABA, adherence to the LABA (50%) was significantly better than adherence to the ICS (14.3%) (p=0.043). Patients with poor adherence to ICS had a lower post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> (75.4 (20.9) vs 84.3 (23.5), p=0.049) and higher sputum eosinophil counts (4.6 (0.66)% vs 2.3 (0.54)%, p=0.05) than those with adequate ICS adherence. There were no significant differences in age, gender, racial origin, smoking history or courses of rescue oral prednisolone between these two groups. Patients with poor ICS adherence were more likely to have been ventilated for asthma (19.2% vs 2.6%, p=0.02). In a multivariate logistic regression model, the adherence ratio was the only independent predictor of previous need for ventilation for acute severe asthma (p=0.008). Thus for each 10% decrease in adherence to ICS, the estimated odds of having been ventilated for asthma increased by 1.85 times. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of patients with difficult-to-control asthma are non-adherent with their asthma medication. Patients using separate ICS and LABA inhalers use the LABA more than the ICS. Non-adherence is correlated with several poor clinical outcomes.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Jeffrey S. Ross, Kai Wang, Laurie Gay, Geoff A. Otto, Emily White, Kiel Iwanik, Gary Palmer, Roman Yelensky, Doron M. Lipson, Juliann Chmielecki, Rachel L. Erlich, Andrew N. Rankin, Siraj M. Ali, Julia A. Elvin, Deborah Morosini, Vincent A. Miller, Philip J. Stephens
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

For carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP), determining the primary tumor site may be uninformative and often does not improve outcome.To discover opportunities for targeted therapies in patients with CUP not currently searched for in routine practice.Comprehensive genomic profiling on 200 CUP formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (mean, 756× coverage) using the hybrid-capture-based FoundationOne assay at academic and community oncology clinics.Presence of targetable genomic alterations (GAs) in CUP and responses to targeted therapies.There were 125 adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site (ACUPs) and 75 carcinomas of unknown primary site without features of adenocarcinoma (non-ACUPs). At least 1 GA was found in 192 (96%) of CUP specimens, with a mean (SD) of 4.2 (2.8) GAs per tumor. The most frequent GAs were in TP53 (110 [55%]), KRAS (40 [20%]), CDKN2A (37 [19%]), MYC (23 [12%]), ARID1A (21 [11%]), MCL1 (19 [10%]), PIK3CA (17 [9%]), ERBB2 (16 [8%]), PTEN (14 [7%]), EGFR (12 [6%]), SMAD4 (13 [7%]), STK11 (13 [7%]), SMARCA4 (12 [6%]), RB1 (12 [6%]), RICTOR (12 [6%]), MLL2 (12 [6%]), BRAF (11 [6%]), and BRCA2 (11 [6%]). One or more potentially targetable GAs were identified in 169 of 200 (85%) CUP specimens. Mutations or amplifications of ERBB2 were more frequent in ACUPs (13 [10%]) than in non-ACUPs (3 [4%]). Alterations of EGFR (10 [8%] vs 2 [3%]) and BRAF (8 [6%] vs 3 [4%]) were more common in ACUPs than in non-ACUPs. Strikingly, clinically relevant alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras signaling pathway including alterations in ALK, ARAF, BRAF, EGFR, FGFR1, FGFR2, KIT, KRAS, MAP2K1, MET, NF1, NF2, NRAS, RAF1, RET, and ROS1 were found in 90 (72%) ACUPs but in only 29 (39%) non-ACUPs (P < .001).Almost all CUP samples harbored at least 1 clinically relevant GA with potential to influence and personalize therapy. The ACUP tumors were more frequently driven by GAs in the highly druggable RTK/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway than the non-ACUP tumors. Comprehensive genomic profiling can identify novel treatment paradigms to address the limited options and poor prognoses of patients with CUP.
CLINICAL REPORT ON METHAMINODIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM)
Authors: ROBERT R. SCHOPBACH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Methaminodiazepoxide (Librium) was beneficial for 60% of obsessive compulsive patients and for about one-third of others suffering from chronic neuroses and/or depression. These benefits achieved by patients previously considered therapeutically unpromising indicate that this drug is a valuable addition to our armamentarium. In the dosage of 10 mgm. q.i.d. side effects were minimal.
Population-based multidimensional assessment of older people in UK general practice: a cluster-randomised factorial trial
Authors: Astrid E Fletcher, Gill M Price, Edmond SW Ng, Susan L Stirling, Christopher J Bulpitt, Elizabeth Breeze, Maria Nunes, Dee A Jones, Amina Latif, Nicola M Fasey, Madge R Vickers, Alistair J Tulloch
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Cholangioscopic Differentiation of Biliary Strictures and Polyps
Authors: Y. Nimura, J. Kamiya, N. Hayakawa, S. Shionoya
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Since April 1977 percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) has been carried out in 428 cases comprising 213 cases of malignant disease and 215 benign cases. PTCS is performed through the dilated sinus track of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. When irregularly dilated and tortuous vessels, which we called tumor vessels, are revealed on biliary strictures or polyps, a correct diagnosis of cancer can be made. Benign biliary strictures with or without gallstones, or polypoid lesions without tumor vessels such as granulomas, can be differentiated by cholangioscopic biopsy. The positive rate of cholangioscopic biopsy in 57 cases of bile duct cancer was 96%. PTCS should be used pre-operatively as a definitive diagnostic procedure for biliary tract strictures and polyps.
Bisphenol A and Dental Sealants: Olea's Response.
Authors: N Olea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Comments on "Determination of bisphenol A and related aromatic compounds released from Bis-GMA-based composites and sealants by high performance liquid chromatography." by ulgar R, Olea-Serrano MF, Novillo-Fertrell A, Rivas A, Pazos P, Pedraza V, Navajas J-M, Olea N. Environ Health Perspect 108:21-27 (2000).
Controversies in the Management of Patients With Breast Cancer: Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Marina Parton, Ian E. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Article Tools Review Articles Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.3016 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 18258982 Controversies in the Management of Patients With Breast Cancer: Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Women Marina PartonxMarina PartonSearch for articles by this author , Ian E. SmithxIan E. SmithSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital; and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.14.3016 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2008 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Altered trafficking and stability of polycystins underlie polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Yiqiang Cai, Sorin V. Fedeles, Ke Dong, Georgia Anyatonwu, Tamehito Onoe, Michihiro Mitobe, Jian-Dong Gao, Dayne Okuhara, Xin Tian, Anna-Rachel Gallagher, Zhangui Tang, Xiaoli Xie, Maria D. Lalioti, Ann-Hwee Lee, Barbara E. Ehrlich, Stefan Somlo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The most severe form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease occurs in patients with mutations in the gene (PKD1) encoding polycystin-1 (PC1). PC1 is a complex polytopic membrane protein expressed in cilia that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage at a G protein–coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS). A quarter of PKD1 mutations are missense variants, though it is not clear how these mutations promote disease. Here, we established a cell-based system to evaluate these mutations and determined that GPS cleavage is required for PC1 trafficking to cilia. A common feature among a subset of pathogenic missense mutations is a resulting failure of PC1 to traffic to cilia regardless of GPS cleavage. The application of our system also identified a missense mutation in the gene encoding polycystin-2 (PC2) that prevented this protein from properly trafficking to cilia. Using a Pkd1-BAC recombineering approach, we developed murine models to study the effects of these mutations and confirmed that only the cleaved form of PC1 exits the ER and can rescue the embryonically lethal Pkd1-null mutation. Additionally, steady-state expression levels of the intramembranous COOH-terminal fragment of cleaved PC1 required an intact interaction with PC2. The results of this study demonstrate that PC1 trafficking and expression require GPS cleavage and PC2 interaction, respectively, and provide a framework for functional assays to categorize the effects of missense mutations in polycystins.
Growth, Differentiation and Senescence of Normal Human Urothelium in an Organ-Like Culture
Authors: Ahmad Daher, Willem I de Boer, Marie-Aude Le Frère-Belda, Laurence Kheuang, Claude C Abbou, François Radvanyi, Marie-Claude Jaurand, Jean Paul Thiery, Sixtina Gil Diez de Medina, Dominique K Chopin
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Levonorgestrel intrauterine device can be left in place for five years
Authors: M Harrison-Woolrych, J M Raine
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Mansour and Guillebaud have drawn attention to the effective duration of use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device.1 The Medicines Control Agency has reviewed clinical data on the product authorised in the United Kingdom (Mirena). After advice …