tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Fanconi C expression contributes to the emergency granulopoiesis response
Authors: Liping Hu, Weiqi Huang, Elizabeth Hjort, Elizabeth A. Eklund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Emergency granulopoiesis is a component of the innate immune response that is induced in response to infectious or inflammatory challenge. It is characterized by the rapid expansion and differentiation of granulocyte/monocyte progenitor (GMP) populations, which is due in part to a shortened S-phase of the cell cycle. We found that IRF8 (also known as ICSBP), an interferon regulatory transcription factor that activates phagocyte effector genes during the innate immune response, activates the gene encoding Fanconi C (Fancc) in murine myeloid progenitor cells. Moreover, IRF8-induced Fancc transcription was augmented by treatment with IL-1β, an essential cytokine for emergency granulopoiesis. The Fanconi pathway participates in repair of stalled or collapsed replication forks during DNA replication, leading us to hypothesize that the Fanconi pathway contributes to genomic stability during emergency granulopoiesis. In support of this hypothesis, Fancc–/– mice developed anemia and neutropenia during repeated, failed episodes of emergency granulopoiesis. Failed emergency granulopoiesis in Fancc–/– mice was associated with excess apoptosis of HSCs and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and impaired HSC function. These studies have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia and suggest possible therapeutic approaches.
SEX INSTRUCTION IN SCHOOL
Authors: PHILIP ZENNER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

About five years ago a teacher in one of the Cincinnati schools applied to the superintendent to have a woman physician give talks to her girls on matters of sex. The request was an unusual one (at least it was at that time) though, unfortunately, the conditions that led to it are not uncommon. The school is in a slum district. The pupils had the usual qualities of American children; they were mostly pleasant, wide-awake and the like. The bad feature presented was the low moral tone. Not alone were there frequent manifestations in words and acts that betoken the impure mind, but also not a few among them were known to be immoral. The children constituted the highest two classes in the school, the grades belonging to the intermediate or grammar school. They were from 12 to 16 years of age. The number of older pupils was probably due
Discordant Expression of Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome in Heteropaternal Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Mary C. Phelan, John M. Pellock, Walter E. Nance
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

PRENATAL exposure to hydantoin analogues, including phenytoin, may result in the fetal hydantoin syndrome — a symptom complex characterized by poor growth and development with specific craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities.1 2 3 4 The full syndrome is seen in about 11 per cent of exposed infants, and an additional 31 per cent have partial expression of the teratogenic effects.1 The resulting dysmorphism is most striking at birth and generally becomes less pronounced with age, although the associated mental deficiency is permanent.2 Variability in the clinical manifestations of fetal hydantoin syndrome has been described in fraternal twins3 , 4 and triplets5 who were presumably exposed to . . .
THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS WITH EHRLICH'S "606"
Authors: HENRY J. NICHOLS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

t lune had a ready response from the men.T person- "2'bave inoculated over 200 applicants, and have not it a P ™ ?lck enougfl to go to bed; and at Port ii,,1, " Monda> Wüere the men have constantly been beSi a°r f eXp08ed lo iv.i(1 Eever> ""',v has aot 700 m, <1S( i'" lu'ari-V ,u'°y ears among approximately 1... , "; a'"1 "'"I'' as vet they have not all been inocu- '' > H'l many have, and each one protected helps to Pavent somebody else from getting the disease., J'" Ills|l"'.v of the use of antityphoid inoculalion wc sWrf+wadct0 IS!,S''">'1 to many of us itm.ayseem so'liul SUCh a Promising procedure has been used ' ,lt! "P to date; and yet it seems not to have ben M '.ii or widely "s,.,! among i10«pitals in civil life, in jobs n ' °f amollS gangs of men working on big ; '• une of the main reasons for this is the idea ex\Zi ¡i l,e°Plc-and I find this is so to quite an s,,,',, i may> tn°-that it gives the patient a bad arm, makes him sick and really prostrates him.This not to k ery few Bufler at a11 îwm it> and it is tioi.i',.'""'I''"''!! in severity with the ordinary reac- tlon Erom smallpox vaccination.CONCLUSIONS* senteTn^l1"6^con8i dering all the data I have pre¬ ll", t'« subject, it seems that the present status of v',1, n.i.'.iiniioii" against typhoid fever is that they are ' L as a method of preventing the disease and are L 1, '' -"iost Vllll,il1^« ingle asset we have in com- the mV, ' l'l'"l,'"U('.'Wo that there is surely no doubt in thai th -Vil 'ïn lll¡' ,k,ing nnd llP t0 (late medical men sons-firstpu be U8ed in the following classes of per- men'iel nurses, ward attendants, hospital corps dente-LT étants, physicians and medical stu- a section i 1H'''S011S who contemplate a journey into of exisii,,!-'1v|1' Vpl "Jl d is known t0 exist or is suspected crallv ;,, f-, ,' tll(! inoculations should be done gen- »g g ^stri cte suffering from an epidemic, and espe.- .lilt lamihcs where n ease exists, and I might 1 .n tune of war "11 volunteers at camps of oen- g?^* ^««ml rted .^« poibla rfte buftÄ?SCemS that ^¿oM will always be with us, our , ., '", neCe88lty of its always being with us i.i pïïtrSf0re8\8UCh aPP?Uag «tent as it has in the tions w i • üie nect;ssity for antityphoid inocula- carefu I!1 ¡Úwnys be with ns, for'no matter how ou,-aies "n' 1' 0 t T Banit"tion, our milk, our water, or mor« C0Utact Section, we will always have one typhoid cmn-o0Ur ""i"'1' talked of friends, the chronic other ' 'ers, ,",d it is only by inoculating them and or less or '"', U(;T,ilult''occs that we can keep more '-.may be kept as free as possible from that "We epidemic disease, typhoid.cartful ¡tSv ?°-k'ast'I beUeve * can state fro»> a M'es,
Aid agencies face daunting humanitarian task in war ravaged Gaza
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

United Nations officials say that they face a daunting task to provide urgently needed humanitarian aid to hundreds of thousands of people, including many wounded people, in war ravaged Gaza and to repair and restore essential services.

However, the UN and independent aid agencies were taking advantage of the fragile ceasefire agreed separately on Sunday 18 January by Israel and Hamas to usher in badly needed drugs and hospital equipment, food, fuel, shelter equipment, and other basics.

The UN chief, Ban Ki-moon, called for a “durable peace” and emphasised that this would require “an open functioning system for the crossings in and out of Gaza, one that will allow full access for humanitarian goods and personnel.”

Mr Ban said that he was dispatching a high level humanitarian and early assessment mission in Gaza. Within 10 days of this mission the UN …
In a Dark Time
Authors: Keith Berndtson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>In a Dark Time</i>is a notable anthology for several reasons, not the least of which is that it warrants review in a major medical journal. Strictly speaking, this is not a medical book, but it deserves review by a medical audience because its subject, nuclear war, has important medical ramifications. One of the book's editors, Robert Jay Lifton, is a psychiatrist whose study has focused on human reaction to disaster and loss of identity. The other editor, Nicholas Humphrey, is an experimental psychologist with an interest in the evolution of human intelligence and social consciousness. Lifton and Humphrey attempt to meet two objectives, one figurative, the other literal. In so doing, they employ an innovative literary technique involving the careful juxtaposition of selected excerpts from disparate sources, arranged in a purposeful sequence of "chapters." The effect is well calculated and skillfully wrought. Through the voices of history, and occasionally
P4-09-07: Breast Cancer Outcome by Combined Immunohistochemical ER/PR/HER2 Receptor Phenotype.
Authors: O Brouckaert, A Laenen, A Reynders, J Vanderhaegen, F Amant, K Leunen, A Smeets, P Berteloot, Limbergen E Van, C Weltens, P Moerman, R Paridaens, H Wildiers, I Vergote, M-R Christiaens, P Neven
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: We previously reported that molecular prognostic subgroup classification of operable breast cancers resembles the classification based on combined immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and HER-2 receptors. This update represents a larger cohort with more detailed follow-up (median 5.5y). Patients and methods: A prospective cohort of 4334 breast-cancer patients primary operated at our institution between 2000 and 2009. Steroid receptors were considered positive for any nuclear staining, HER-2 for strong (3+) membrane staining or positive fluorescence in situ hybridization. Survival curves were calculated for six predefined breast cancer subgroups: ER + PR + HER-2 - (PPN), ER + PR - HER-2 - (PNN), ER + PR + HER-2 + (PPP), ER - PR - HER-2 - (NNN), ER - PR - HER-2 + (NNP), and ER + PR - HER-2 + (PNP) (figures not allowed in abstract). Disease free interval (DFI), distant metastatis free interval (DMFI), overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) were calculated. A long-rank test was used for testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the groups. Results: Conclusion: Combined receptor expression for ER/PR/HER2 determines specific breast cancer subtypes with significant different clinical behavior. Both predictive and prognostic factors need to be considered when interpreting these results. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-07.
Arterial plasma histamine levels at rest, and during and after exercise in patients with asthma: effects of terbutaline aerosol.
Authors: S D Anderson, P T Bye, R E Schoeffel, J P Seale, K M Taylor, L Ferris
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Eight asthmatic patients and two normal subjects performed two identical exercise tests 140 minutes apart (first test preceded by inhalation of saline and the second by terbutaline sulphate). A ninth asthmatic patient exercised twice after placebo 40 minutes apart. Arterial plasma levels of histamine and cyclic AMP, expiratory flow rates and volumes were measured at rest and during and after exercise. After the first test the mean +/- SEM fall in PEFR was 45.2 +/- 2.6%. In five asthmatics there was an increase in plasma histamine (mean +/- SEM 14.8 +/- 3.3 pmol ml-1) coinciding with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Histamine levels returned to pre-exercise values within 30 minutes. After terbutaline these five patients had histamine levels greater than those observed before, during, or after the first test. This effect may have been the result of changes in pulmonary microcirculation. After the second test the levels decreased indicating no further release of histamine in response to exercise. No EIA occurred in these patients after terbutaline. The other patients and the two normal subjects had little or no change in histamine throughout the study. The one patient in whom exercise was repeated after placebo demonstrated less histamine release and less EIA after the second test.
In vivo endothelial dysfunction characterizes patients with impaired fasting glucose.
Authors: S Vehkavaara, A Seppälä-Lindroos, J Westerbacka, P H Groop, H Yki-Järvinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association has recently defined a new category of abnormal glucose homeostasis called "impaired fasting glucose" (IFG), where glucose levels do not meet the criteria of diabetes but are too high to be considered normal. We determined whether endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic of subjects with IFG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In vivo vasodilatory responses to intra-arterial infusions of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine [ACh]) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside [SNP]) vasoactive agents were determined in 17 IFG subjects (age 63 +/- 1 years, BMI 26.5 +/- 0.8 kg/m2, serum LDL cholesterol 3.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) with fasting plasma glucose levels of 117 +/- 1 mg/dl and in 12 subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose concentrations. RESULTS: The blood-flow response to the low dose of ACh was 46% (5.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 10.9 +/- 1.3 ml.dl-1.min-1, IFG vs. normal, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and to the high dose was 31% (9.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 13.2 +/- 1.5 ml.dl-1.min-1, P &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively) lower in the IFG than in the normal subjects. In contrast, blood-flow responses to both low (7.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.9 ml.dl-1.min-1, IFG vs. normal, NS) and high (11.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 12.3 +/- 1.3 ml.dl-1.min-1, NS, respectively) doses of SNP were comparable. The ratio of endothelium-dependent to -independent blood flow was 40% lower in the IFG (0.75 +/- 0.1) than in the normal (1.24 +/- 0.1, P &amp;lt; 0.001) subjects. Both fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.48, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin (r = -0.42, P &amp;lt; 0.05) were inversely correlated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation but not with other parameters, such as weight, blood pressure, or lipids. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that vascular dysfunction is associated with abnormal, although nondiabetic, glucose homeostasis.
The renin-angiotensin system blockade does not prevent renal interstitial fibrosis induced by aristolochic acids
Authors: Frédéric D. Debelle, Joëlle L. Nortier, Cécile P. Husson, Eric G. De Prez, Anne R. Vienne, Katja Rombaut, Isabelle J. Salmon, Monique M. Deschodt-Lanckman, Jean-Louis Vanherweghem
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
ABC of Rheumatology: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS--I: CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS
Authors: M Akil, R S Amos
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Factors associated with poorer prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis * Insidious polyarticular onset * Male patients * Extra-articular manifestations * Functional disability at one year after start of disease * Substantially raised concentration of rheumatoid factors * Presence of HLA-DR4 * Radiographic evidence of erosions within three years of start of diseaseRheumatoid arthritis is the commonest disorder of connective tissues and is an important cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality.Life expectancy is reduced by four years in men and by 10 years in women, though this reduction is accounted for by a minority of patients with more severe disease.Nevertheless, patients with this condition may be offered life insurance only on the basis of loaded premiums.Rheumatoid arthritis occurs worldwide with variable incidence and severity.In Western countries, it affects up to 1-3% of the population, although many are not severely affected and may not seek medical advice at all.Overall, there is a 3:1 female preponderance, but this excess is greater in young people and the age related incidence is approximately equal in elderly people.Rheumatoid arthritis in women * Higher incidence of disease in women of child bearing age * Disease tends to go into remission during pregnancy and to flare after giving birth * Use of contraceptive pill or high gravidity adds some protection against later development of disease
Three novel polymorphisms in the β globin gene
Authors: A. Nadkarni, T. Sakaguchi, A. Gorakshakar, S. Phanasgaonkar, R. Colah, D. Mohanty, R. Kiyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract We report on three novel polymorphisms in and around the β globin gene. Two of them are intronic (IVS2) polymorphisms (IVS 2 nt 200–203 (−CTTT) and IVS2 82–83 (−AG)). The third is a novel G→C substitution at nt +1707 related to the β globin cap site. This +1707 G→C polymorphism was detected in 23.5% of chromosomes among 140 samples from India. It seems to be a novel but common polymorphism among Indians. There was no linkage between these novel polymorphisms and any β thalassemia mutation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:161–163, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood Pressure Does Not Rise Before the Onset of Microalbuminuria in Children Followed From Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Carl J. Schultz, H. Andrew W. Neil, R. Neil Dalton, Teresa Konopelska Bahu, David B. Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To examine whether a rise in blood pressure could be detected before the onset of microalbuminuria (MA) in a cohort of children followed from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Oxford Regional Prospective Study is an incident cohort study of children with type 1 diabetes aged (mean ± SD) 9.8 ± 3.7 years at diagnosis. Subjects were assessed annually from diagnosis, with measurement of HbA1c, arterial blood pressure (random zero), and three urine samples for estimation of the albumin/creatinine ratio. During follow-up, 63 of 494 children developed MA at one or more annual assessments and were designated as cases for a nested case-control study. Each case was matched for sex and age at diagnosis with two normoalbuminuric control subjects. Blood pressure (BP) data were compared at corresponding years of diabetes duration. RESULTS—Cases with MA were similar to normoalbuminuric control subjects with respect to age and BMI, but they had higher mean HbA1c levels (mean difference 1.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the years before the onset of MA, the diastolic BP standard deviation score (SDS) was significantly higher than zero in cases (mean 0.49, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and in control subjects (0.50, P &amp;lt; 0.001). No difference could be detected between cases and control subjects before the onset of MA in either systolic or diastolic BP (mean difference systolic −1.2 mmHg [95% CI −4.7 to 2.7], mean difference diastolic 0.1 mmHg [−2.4 to 2.6]). However, within the cases, the onset of MA was associated with elevations in systolic and diastolic BP SDSs (F = 16.1, P &amp;lt; 0.001; and F = 18.0, P &amp;lt; 0.001). BMI, but not HbA1c, was associated with systolic and diastolic BP SDSs in the subjects with MA (F = 0.6, P = 0.4; and F = 12.3, P = 0.001). However, the association of BP with MA remained significant for systolic BP (P = 0.001) and for diastolic BP (P &amp;lt; 0.001) after adjusting for BMI. CONCLUSIONS—A rise in systemic BP cannot be detected before the first appearance of MA in children with type 1 diabetes. BP rises concurrently with the onset of MA and is also closely related to BMI.
Early differentiated plasma cells expressing CXCR3 are attracted to inflamed kidneys in lupus
Authors: S. Lacotte, M. Decossas, S. Brun, S. Muller, H. Dumortier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Antibody-secreting CD138+ plasma cells are detected in the kidneys of NZB/W lupus mice where they are presumably involved in the mechanisms leading to critical renal dysfunction. Objectives of this study were to dissect the differentiation pathway of plasma cells in NZB/W mice and to understand the involvement of the identified cell intermediates in the pathogenic inflammation process in lupus. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> CD138+ cell subpopulations were identified in the spleen of NZB/W mice and further isolated by FACS. They were additionally characterised by electronic microscopy and quantitative PCR techniques. Their proliferative capacity was measured in vivo and ex vivo upon BrdU and tritiated thymidine incorporation. Antibody production was detected by ELISPOT, ELISA and intracellular flow cytometry stainings. Migrating CD138+ cells were visualised in the kidneys of diseased NZB/W mice by immunohistochemistry techniques. <h3>Results</h3> We identified and extensively characterised three cell intermediates in the differentiation pathway from B cells to plasma cells, according to their B220/CD138/MHC II expression levels. We showed that these subpopulations harbored inversely correlated proliferation and antibody secretion capacities. Very interestingly, we evidenced that the inflammation-related CXCR3 chemokine receptor is preferentially expressed by early differentiated plasma cells and that these cells secrete IgG rather than IgM. Moreover, these potentially pathogenic cells are able to migrate into the inflammatory areas of NZB/W kidneys. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Early differentiated CD138 MHCII+ rather than terminally differentiated CD138+MHCII- plasma cells are involved in the renal inflammatory injury in lupus, due to CXCR3 expression and IgG secretion.
The ITMIG/IASLC Thymic Epithelial Tumors Staging Project: A Proposed Lymph Node Map for Thymic Epithelial Tumors in the Forthcoming 8th Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Faiz Y. Bhora, David J. Chen, Frank C. Detterbeck, Hisao Asamura, Conrad Falkson, Pier Luigi Filosso, Giuseppe Giaccone, James Huang, Jhingook Kim, Kazuya Kondo, Marco Lucchi, Mirella Marino, Edith M. Marom, Andrew G. Nicholson, Meinoshin Okumura, Enrico Ruffini, Paul Van Schil, Peter Goldstraw, Ramón Rami-Porta, David Ball, David Beer, Ricardo Beyruti, Vanessa Bolejack, Kari Chansky, John Crowley, Wilfried Ernst Erich Eberhardt, John Edwards, Françoise Galateau-Sallé, Dorothy Giroux, Fergus Gleeson, Patti Groome, Catherine Kennedy, Young Tae Kim, Laura Kingsbury, Haruhiko Kondo, Mark Krasnik, Kaoru Kubota, Antoon Lerut, Gustavo Lyons, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Alan Mitchell, Takashi Nakano, Anna Nowak, Michael Peake, Thomas Rice, Kenneth Rosenzweig, Valerie Rusch, Nagahiro Saijo, Jean Paul Sculier, Lynn Shemanski, Kelly Stratton, Kenji Suzuki, Yuji Tachimori, Charles F. Thomas, William Travis, Ming S. Tsao, Andrew Turrisi, Johan Vansteenkiste, Hirokazu Watanabe, Yi Long Wu, Paul Baas, Jeremy Erasmus, Seiki Hasegawa, Kouki Inai, Kemp Kernstine, Hedy Kindler, Lee Krug, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Harvey Pass, David Rice, Eugene Blackstone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
THE VALUE OF FORCING FLUID IN THE TREATMENT OF MERCURIC CHLORID POISONING
Authors: CHARLES C. HASKELL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In 1915, Lambert and Patterson<sup>1</sup>said: The therapeutics of mercuric chlorid poisoning up to the present have been quite unsatisfactory. The patients have regularly developed anuria on or about the fourth day after taking the poison, and progressed to subsequent death from lesions of the liver and colon, with or without the reestablishment of urinary secretion. This statement represents fairly well the pessimism prevailing at that time with regard to the prognosis in clinical poisoning by mercuric chlorid. Nevertheless, these authors were able to report recovery in all of ten cases which were treated by a method in which measures designed to hasten elimination of the metal were especially stressed. Since the appearance of the paper by Lambert and Patterson, other observers have seen similar good results occur in mercuric chlorid poisoning when this eliminative treatment has been employed. The rigid application of the Lambert-Patterson treatment subjects the patient
Book Review Germ-Line Intervention and Our Responsibilities to Future Generations (Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 55.) Edited by Emmanuel Agius and Salvino Busuttil, in collaboration with Tae-Chang Kim and Katsuhiko Yazaki. 174 pp. Dordrecht, the Netherlands, Kluwer Academic, 1998. $120. 0-7923-4828-1
Authors: Harold T. Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)