tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intestinal permeability in children with Crohn's disease and coeliac disease.
Authors: A D Pearson, E J Eastham, M F Laker, A W Craft, R Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Mannitol and lactulose were used as probe molecules to measure intestinal permeability in children with active small-bowel Crohn9s disease and with untreated coeliac disease. Mannitol and lactulose were administered by mouth in a moderately hypertonic solution (580 mmol (mosmol)/l), and results were expressed as the ratio of the molecules excreted in urine over five hours. Patients with Crohn9s disease had a sixfold increase in permeability (due to increased lactulose permeability) and those with coeliac disease a fivefold increase (due to decreased mannitol permeability). From these results the test offers potential as a noninvasive investigation in children with small-bowel disease.
Diagnostic Tests for Lyme Disease
Authors: Raymond Gambino
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Antibody Testing in Lyme Disease"<sup>1</sup>correctly concludes that serological tests for Lyme disease need to be standardized. But the article is misleading in several respects. First, the authors mix apples and oranges when they compare two immunofluorescent antibody tests and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. It is widely recognized that immunofluorescent antibody tests are more subjective than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and that results of immunofluorescent antibody tests can vary greatly from laboratory to laboratory.<sup>2</sup>Next, the study did not include any Western blot analyses. A Western blot assay is essential in any comparison study to have a reference point for evaluation of data. Finally, the authors err when they state that MetPath, Inc performed 56 591 serological tests for Lyme disease on residents of New Jersey in 1988. The correct figure is 25% of 62 851, or 15 713. The article also fails
Atropine and Cardiac Arrest-Reply
Authors: Jonathan Moss
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Jacobson's thoughtful comments regarding our recent case report. In our patient, the atropine was administered through the proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter and was thus introduced directly into the central circulation. While we cannot exclude a spontaneous resolution of the arrhythmia, the time course suggests that atropine was effective in terminating the event. We think it is important to note that recent studies of the physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation indicate that some forward flow is possible even in the absence of chest compression as long as the intrathoracic pressure changes of ventilation are maintained.<sup>1</sup>
Oral Peanut Immunotherapy For Peanut Allergic Patients
Authors: S.D. Nash, P.H. Steele, J.S. Kamilaris, L. Pons, M. Kulis, L.A. Lee, K. Althage, L. Christie, A.M. Scurlock, S.M. Jones, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
MANAGEMENT OF BREECH PRESENTATION IN PREGNANCY AND LABOR
Authors: William H. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Evidence that the management of breech presentation in pregnancy and labor is a controversial issue continues to appear.1Much has been written on the subject stressing the higher natal and neonatal mortality and the greater incidence of morbidity and injury to both the mother and baby attending this manner of birth. The prophylactic value of external cephalic version late in pregnancy is generally recognized, and there is manifest a definite trend of opinion favoring a partly spontaneous rather than a completely artificial termination of the second stage of labor.  Statistics show that a low fetal mortality is attainable provided the attendant observes certain fundamental and recognized principles peculiar to breech delivery, allows ample time for maximum dilatation of the cervix, and does not attempt delivery from below if borderline or positive cephalopelvic disproportion exists.  It is the purpose of this paper (1) to show the reduction in the incidence of
Intestinal lymphoma and sprue: A systematic approach
Authors: Werner Dutz, Shahla Asvadi, Shahnaz Sadri, Elfriede Kohout
Journal: Gut (1971)

Intestinal lymphoma is frequently associated with sprue-like bowel patterns. A standardized approach to the problem is suggested. Intestinal lymphoma has been subdivided into four groups, depending on the extent of involvement of the anatomical region. Only cases with specific lesions are accepted as primary lymphoma. The villous pattern in 179 cases at necropsy with suitably preserved mucosa was determined to form a normal baseline for comparison with the uninvolved portions of the lymphomatous small bowel. Only 15% of all small bowel of this random material of children more than 1 year old and adults showed a flattened mucosa. The non-lymphomatous mucosa of 20 cases with definitely primary intestinal reticulum or lymphosarcoma showed severe sprue-like atrophy in 18 (90%). Two cases of intestinal Hodgkin9s disease and four cases of gastric lymphoma were associated with regular mucosal patterns. It is concluded that sprue-like villous atrophy of the small bowel is definitely a triggering factor for the development of primary intestinal reticulum cell or lymphosarcoma. A hypothesis for the possible aetiological relationship of these two conditions is discussed.
Abstract P4-10-09: An Oncoplastic Surgical Planning Tool Based on Tumor Location Improves Breast Conservation Outcomes
Authors: GJ Kaufman, KB Clough, S Oden, C Nos, I. Safarti
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Oncoplastic Surgery is an evolving field in breast cancer surgery. Considerable variations in oncoplastic surgery (OPS) for breast conservation (BCS) have developed as the interest and utilization by both breast surgeons and plastic surgery teams continues to increase. Our goal is to assess the effectiveness of an oncoplastic surgical planning tool for BCS. The tool is a surgical atlas and guide that matches oncoplastic procedure recommendations for a specific tumor location. BACKGROUND Oncoplastic surgery for the treatment of breast cancer has been validated compared to standard BCS in terms of rate of re-excision, preservation of the natural breast shape, complications and 5-year local recurrence rates. Oncoplastic surgery incorporates plastic surgery techniques for the purpose of breast conservation. A bi-level OPS classification system and guide for patient selection was created to improve both patient outcomes and enable all breast surgeons to choose a safe and effective oncoplastic approach. METHODS This is a single institution prospective study of patients with breast cancer that had an oncoplastic level II procedure for breast conservation between 2005 and 2009 at the Paris Breast Center. The corresponding level II OPS technique was chosen for each patient based on the principals of patient selection and tumor location described in the atlas. A set of objective outcomes as well as an aesthetic evaluation was recorded based on tumor location and choice of procedure. Results A total of 151 patients met the criteria for performing a level II OPS for breast conservation based on the selection process outlined in the oncoplastic Atlas. The overall adherence rate for selection of procedure based on tumor location was 90%. The reexcision rate was 4% with greater then 80% of patients achieving a margin width exceeding .5cm and an average specimen weight of 144 grams. The conversion rate to mastectomy approached 12%. We found a good to excellent aesthetic outcome in 95% of evaluated patients. The rate of deformity in this level II OPS series was 0%. The early complication rate was 11% resulting in a delay of treatment for adjuvant therapy in less then 2% of patients. Tumor Location and OPS Level II Procedure Complications and Delay in Treatment CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the oncoplastic surgical guide resulted in an acceptable reexcision rate with the elimination of the risk of deformity for patients undergoing large volume resections for breast conservation. This initial assessment validates the efficacy of the atlas and provide surgeons with a reliable system to correctly choose the most appropriate oncoplastic procedure based on tumor location and avoids the complications associated with a one technique fits all approach for OPS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-09.
Role of cadmium in carcinogenesis with special reference to cancer of the prostate
Authors: Magnus Piscator
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

It has been shown in animal experiments that injections of large amounts of cadmium cause sarcoma at injection sites or testicular damage and eventually testicular tumors. Long-term exposure with small doses of cadmium has not caused testicular or prostatic tumors in experimental animals. Epidemiological studies on cadmium-exposed workers have shown excess deaths due to prostatic cancer in at least three independent investigations. All reported cases probably had considerable exposure decades ago, but there are not enough data to permit any dose-response calculations. The general epidemiology of prostatic cancer was not taken into account in any of the studies. A review of recent literature on epidemiology of prostatic cancer has revealed some basic facts. Small latent prostatic cancer has been shown to be as common in areas with low mortality from prostatic cancer as in areas with high mortality. In the U.S. the black population has a much higher death rate from prostatic cancer than the white population. Marital status has also been implied as a factor in the development of prostatic cancer. Black populations in Africa have much lower death rates than blacks in the U.S., which may depend on large differences in dietary habits. Thus racial, sexual and nutritional factors might be important for the development of prostatic cancer, since they may influence hormonal status. Cadmium concentrations in testes and prostate increase during heavy exposure, and it has been shown that testosterone synthesis will decrease in cadmium-exposed animals. Excessive exposure may interfere with the zinc/hormone relationship in the prostate, which could be a possible explanation for the development of prostatic cancer in heavily exposed individuals. Direct action of cadmium on the cells is not likely, nor is it probable that low level exposure to cadmium can be a causative factor for prostatic cancer.
Human neutrophil elastase modulates platelet function by limited proteolysis of membrane glycoproteins.
Authors: M S Brower, R I Levin, K Garry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

During blood coagulation human polymorphonuclear leukocytes release elastase in amounts that can exceed 100 nmol/liter. We therefore studied the effect of elastase on platelet structure and function. Physiologic concentrations of elastase specifically inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and ristocetin-induced agglutination of washed platelets in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This was associated with a decrease in the number of high affinity thrombin binding sites on the platelet surface (analysis by "Ligand" program) from 31 per platelet to 12 per platelet (P less than 0.05). As analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, treatment of 3H-labeled platelets with elastase resulted in a decrease in the percent glycoprotein at 130,000-150,000 Mr = and an increase in the percent protein at Mr = 102,000. The supernatant from elastase-treated platelets contained a Mr = 88,000 glycoprotein not found in the supernatant from untreated platelets. Immunoprecipitation studies with monoclonal antiglycoprotein Ib demonstrated that treatment of whole platelets with physiologic concentrations of elastase resulted in proteolytic cleavage of glycoprotein Ib. Elastase treatment of glycoprotein immunoisolated with monoclonal antiglycoprotein Ib antibody resulted in formation of a glycopeptide with the same electrophoretic mobility as the Mr = 102,000 membrane-related glycopeptide. In contrast, analysis by Western blot technique using antiglycoprotein IIb and IIIa antibodies demonstrated that elastase did not degrade glycoproteins IIb or IIIa. We conclude that elastase inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet stimulation is accompanied by (a) a reduction in the number of thrombin binding sites per platelet and (b) proteolysis of glycoprotein Ib.
Bronchodilator treatment in asthma: continuous or on demand?
Authors: C. J. Hilton, R. W. Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1992)

collected prospectively.After straightforward vaginal hysterectomy we may not need to keep patients in hospital routinely for nearly a week and women may not need to be offwork for as long as is traditional.The introduction of new techniques of treating dysfunctional bleeding may therefore usefully provoke a critical re-evaluation of estab- lished alternatives.
Correlation between Preoperative Ischemia and Major Cardiac Events after Peripheral Vascular Surgery
Authors: Khether E. Raby, Lee Goldman, Mark A. Creager, E. Francis Cook, Monica C. Weisberg, Anthony D. Whittemore, Andrew P. Selwyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Patients who undergo peripheral vascular surgery are at increased risk for postoperative cardiac events and are difficult to assess preoperatively because of limitations on their activity. We prospectively studied 176 consecutive eligible patients undergoing elective vascular surgery to determine the value in predicting a postoperative cardiac event of preoperative electrocardiographic monitoring to detect myocardial ischemia. Of the 176 patients, 32 (18 percent) had 75 episodes of monitored ischemic ST-segment depression preoperatively (of which 73 were asymptomatic), and 13 (7 percent) met strict criteria for major postoperative cardiac events, including 1 with a fatal myocardial infarction, 3 with nonfatal infarctions, 4 with unstable angina, and 5 with ischemic pulmonary edema. Of the 32 patients with ischemia before their operations, 12 had postoperative events (univariate relative risk, 54; 95 percent confidence interval, 7.2 to 400). Only 1 postoperative event occurred among 144 patients who did not have preoperative ischemia. The sensitivity of preoperative ischemia was 92 percent, the specificity 88 percent, the predictive value of a positive result 38 percent, and the predictive value of a negative result 99 percent. In multivariate analyses, preoperative ischemia was the most significant correlate of postoperative cardiac events and remained a statistically significant independent correlate even after we had controlled for all other preoperative factors (multivariate relative risk, 24.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 88). These preliminary data suggest that preoperative electrocardiographic monitoring to detect episodes of myocardial ischemia is a useful method for assessing cardiac risk in patients who undergo elective vascular surgery. In particular, the absence of ischemia during monitoring indicates a very low risk. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1296–1300.)
Relapsing Polychondritis With Glomerulonephritis-Reply
Authors: James L. Ruhlen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our patient does not have cryoglobulinemia. If cryoglobulins were detected, we would tend to view them as secondary to RP, rather than as "essential" cryoglobulinemia.<sup>1</sup>The "mild abnormality" of liver function tests had been previously reported in three of 15 patients with RP.<sup>2</sup>
A STUDY OF APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
Authors: HORATIO C. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1904)

gelatin is of great value in increasing the coagulability of the blood, and pointed out that all the colloid substances possess this property.One reason why gelatin sometimes fails is be¬ cause it is not used properly.In a Philadelphia hospital, a patient with typhoid fever had hemorrhage from the bowels.One-half an ounce of gelatin was ordered given every hour un¬ til relieved.The next day the same hemorrhage was going on, and it was found that a tablespoonful of ordinary prepared gelatin had been given, which contains about 3 per cent, of gelatin.Half an ounce of the dry gelatin must be given in order to have any effect.Dr. Henry W. Cook, Richmond, Va., emphasized the dan¬ ger of giving stimulants to persons with hemorrhage.A pa¬ tient who was very badly injured and in shock from hemor¬ rhage was given adrenalin, which caused a rise of blood pres¬ sure, but disturbed the clot; bleeding returned and he bled to death in ten minutes.Vasodilators may push the patient over the border line and cause death.Tentative treatment until the patient is over the danger point is the best treatment.Dr. W. B. Robinson agreed as to the value of gelatin in in¬ creasing the coagulability of the blood.When administered to a dog, the blood drawn will coagulate in ten minutes, while the blood from another dog, without gelatin, requires half an hour.It should be remembered, however, that the gelatin should not be cooked when given for this purpose, as by cook¬ ing it is converted into a different substance.Dr. Abbott disagreed with Dr. Wood, who said that atropin is not a remedy to give in internal hemorrhage.Dr. Abbott said that his views were derived from experience at the bed¬ side.The increase of pressure at the point of hemorrhage will be overcome, if there is dilatation elsewhere, by the use of atropin.Dr. C. E. de M. Sajous, Philadelphia, asked if some of the authorities quoted do not state that the action of the atropin is exercised on the arterioles.He said that this would sustain the contention of Dr. Abbott.One would have, in that case, to recognize the fact that the arteries are supplied with a muscular coat while the capillaries are not, and that the bleed¬ ing area could thus be deprived of blood and the hemorrhage arrested merely through contraction of the arterioles.Dr. Horatio Wood, Jr., replying to questions, stated that the effect of atropin is demonstrable by placing a cánula in a dog's artery.After giving atropin the blood pressure goes up, because the small arteries in the interior of the body are con¬ tracted.Atropin acts particularly on the arteries and very little on the veins; but the great danger is from arterial hem¬ orrhage.Too small doses have no effect.Dr. Abbott said that while Dr. Wood gives atropin and gets internal rise'of blood pressure, he claims that vasomotor influ¬ ence sends the blood to the periphery and equalizes the circu¬ lation throughout the body.
"THE INFLUX OF FOREIGN PHYSICIANS"
Authors: C. S. Bacon
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the editorial,The Journal, April 26, attention is called to the influx of foreign physicians into the United States, and the suggestion is made that measures be taken to restrict the number by requiring high standards for licensure and careful identification of applicants. There can be no question that we should require as high standards for licensure of foreign physicians as for those educated in this country, and we certainly should keep out impostors and criminals. Likewise, your advice that a declaration of intention to become a citizen be required is in accord with the practice in a number of states and is certainly proper. When it is suggested, quite incidentally, that foreign physicians should not be licensed until they become citizens, a proposition is made that has an entirely different purpose— one that has nothing to do with safeguarding the public from incompetent medical men
Endostatin cDNA/Cationic liposome complexes as a promising therapy to prevent lung metastases in osteosarcoma: study in a human-like rat orthotopic tumor
Authors: Aurélie Dutour, Jacques Monteil, François Paraf, Jean Louis Charissoux, Cortina Kaletta, Birgitta Sauer, Kurt Naujoks, Michel Rigaud
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Antiangiogenesis or destruction of tumor neovessels is an effective strategy to prevent tumor growth. Endostatin, one of the many inhibitors of angiogenesis that have been discovered, has shown conflicting results in preclinical assays. We studied the therapeutic potential of lipid/DNA complexes consisting of cationic liposomes and an endostatin-coding plasmid (Endo cDNA/CLP) in an orthotopic osteosarcoma model in rats. Empty plasmid without the endostatin gene complexed with cationic liposomes served as control. Animals were treated intravenously three times a week starting on the day tumors were detectable by (18)FDG tomoscintigraphy. During treatment, tumor progression was followed by PET scan and angioscintigraphy, and the effects of antivascular therapy on primary tumor, metastases, and tumor vascular density were confirmed by histologic analysis. Our results demonstrate that therapy using Endo cDNA/CLP is associated with pronounced delay in tumor growth. Moreover, it effectively prevented the occurrence of lung metastases, the major reason for bad prognosis and death in osteosarcoma patients. This approach could be used as an adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma.
Abstract 3342: Characterization and targeting of BRIT1 deficiency in liver cancer.
Authors: Yulong Liang, Lihou Yu, Dongxiao Zhang, Hong Gao, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Kaiyi Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and there are no safe and effective therapeutic agents yet to treat HCC after diagnosis. However, in HCC, genomic instability is the major remarkable hallmark, especially in the tumors at the late stage and metastatic tumors. Thus, we wonder if targeting genomic instability can inhibit tumor growth in HCC. BRIT1/MCPH1 has been identified to be one of the key DNA damage and repair proteins, which harbors three BRCT domains, conserved in BRCA1 and some other proteins involved in DNA damage response pathways. Our previous studies and other reports have illustrated BRIT1’s essential roles in mitotic and meiotic homologous recombination DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability, which functions through interacting with BRCA2/Rad51 and/or chromatin structure remodeling protein SWI/SNF. Recently, we identified that BRIT1 is aberrantly expressed in ∼25% of HCC samples (n=28). In these samples, the locus of BRIT2 gene showed notable loss of heterogeneity (nearly 50%). We also found a somatic mutation in BRIT1, which occurred in the splicing donor site of intro 10 in the BRIT1 gene, leading to a truncated protein. Functional analysis showed that this mutation can cause failure of foci formation of BRIT1 under irradiation. Importantly, given that BRIT1-deficient cells exhibited defective DNA repair described above, our in vitro studies showed that the BRIT1-low expressing HCC cells HepG2 and Hep3B are more sensitive to olaparib, the inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi), compared to the BRIT1-proficient cell SNU-449, which was determined by WST-1 and colony formation assays. Furthermore, we also test the inhibitory effect of olaparib in the xenograft mouse model, and found that PARPi can significantly suppress tumor growth of Hep3B xenografts. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that BRIT1 is mutated or aberrantly expressed in HCC, and targeting BRIT1 deficiency by PARP inhibitors may lead to novel and effective targeted therapies to treat BRIT1-deficient HCC. Citation Format: Yulong Liang, Lihou Yu, Dongxiao Zhang, Hong Gao, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Kaiyi Li. Characterization and targeting of BRIT1 deficiency in liver cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3342 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.