tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secret Remedies: What They Cost and What They Contain
Authors: M. Till
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Published by the BMA a century ago and priced at a shilling, Secret Remedies was a detailed scientific investigation of the contents of the quack medicines that were so popular at the beginning of the 20th century. Its timely publication coincided with changes in the law in the UK and in the US to increase the public’s awareness of the outrageous claims made for the nostrums, specifics, remedies, and even “cures.” The use of the word “cure” was very soon to be outlawed, but the book records some 15 preparations using this word in the title of the product—apart from the claims made in accompanying literature. Products were available by …
Tests for Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance—Reply
Authors: George F. Sawaya
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reduced Medical Education
Authors: Harry Seneca
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since 1967, something has happened to the medical schools and medical education in America. We are no longer educating and training the same caliber of physicians. America has been producing superior physicians, but now we are failing in our mission. There are too many foolish plans of reducing medical education in the United States. Some medical schools are working on a plan of three years. Unfortunately, these schools have obtained funds from the federal government to carry on their plans. During World War II, we had the 9-9-9 plan. In this plan, after high school, the student had two nine-month periods of premedical training, four nine-month periods of medical training, and nine months of internship. The plan was a failure. I lived through this plan. We do not learn through our mistakes. A most dangerous plan is the one advocated by the University of Miami Medical School
A book of quiet heroism
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The worst dictatorships try to destroy not only people but memory itself; and among the worst dictatorships in a century full of dictatorships was that of Ahmed Sekou Toure, president of the West African state of Guinea for more than a quarter of the 20th century. A third of a population fled his rule, and many thousands were tortured and killed, victims of the dictator’s paranoia.

A Guinean doctor, Mandiouf Mauro Sidibe, has recently published a book, La fin de Sekou Toure ( The End of Sekou Toure ), which tries to preserve an aspect of that dark period of his country’s history. He has kept and transcribed the radio commentary that accompanied the dictator’s state funeral, which was attended by many heads of state …
Chronic Idiopathic Pain, Mianserin and &amp;lsquo;Masked&amp;rsquo; Depression
Authors: B. Van Houdenhove, D. Verstraeten, P. Onghena, H. De Cuyper
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

In this study an attempt was made to provide controlled empirical evidence for the hypothesis that chronic idiopathic pain might be a specific form of 'masked depression'. For this purpose, chronic pain patients supposed to be suffering from a 'masked depression' were compared to patients with organic pain and coexistent depression, patients with only organic pain, and patients with only depression, in a double-blind placebo-controlled therapeutic trial with mianserin. Although mianserin appeared to have effective antidepressant properties in this study, no pain improvement was found in any of the three chronic pain groups. These results challenge the validity and clinical relevance of the 'masked depression' concept for chronic idiopathic pain.
Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic subjects following segmental antigen challenge.
Authors: N Takahashi, M C Liu, D Proud, X Y Yu, S Hasegawa, E W Spannhake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This study was undertaken to determine the relationship of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid during allergic airway inflammation to those in the vascular compartment and to cellular components in the BAL fluids. A group of 11 allergic subjects underwent initial bronchoscopy during which a control BAL was performed and normal saline (NS) and specific antigen (Ag) were administered to two sublobar segments. A second bronchoscopy was performed 17 to 21 h later, and the NS and Ag segments were lavaged. Blood was drawn before each bronchoscopic procedure. The mean concentration of sICAM-1 in BAL fluid from NS-challenged segments was 59.2 +/- 7.6 ng/ml and was not different from that in unchallenged segments (51.5 +/- 5.6 ng/ml). In BAL fluid from Ag-challenged segments, mean concentrations of sICAM-1 increased significantly to 97.5 +/- 12.5 ng/ml. Segmental antigen challenge was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in sICAM-1 concentrations in serum. The concentrations of sICAM-1 in BAL fluid after antigen challenge exceeded levels that could be accounted for by passive transudation from the circulation, based upon the magnitude of increases in BAL albumin concentrations. The levels of sICAM-1 in BAL from Ag-challenged segments were correlated significantly with the total white cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts in BAL fluids. These results are supportive of the notion that the local release of sICAM-1 may play a role in allergen-induced inflammatory processes in the airways.
The limitations of epicardial mapping as a guide to the surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: S R Spielman, E L Michelson, L N Horowitz, J F Spear, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The adequacy of intraoperative epicardial mapping as a guide to surgical procedures performed to terminate ventricular arrhythmias was investigated. Ligation of the anterior septal or left anterior descending coronary artery in 28 dogs produced ventricular arrhythmias that were studied 24-36 hours following occlusion. The sites of origin of 26 tachycardias were determined to be in the subendocardium by using extensive epicardial, endocardial and intramural mapping techniques and were verified by demonstrating unaltered activation sequences during pacing from these earliest sites. Epicardial breakthrough followed earliest directly recordable ventricular activity by as little as 7 msec. Without endocardial mapping many of these tachycardias would have been incorrectly identified as originating in the fascicles or epicardium. The sites of epicardial breakthrough were anatomically distant from the sites of origin by a markedly varying extent (5mm to 6cm). Two rhythms might be close in their sites of earliest epicardial appearance yet distant on the endocardium or vice versa. We conclude that epicardial mapping may not be sufficient to identify or predict the origins of many ventricular tachycardias and that the success of surgery to abolish these arrhythmias may be enhanced by preoperative and intraoperative endocardial mapping.
Abstract 497: Mitochondria-targeting photosensitizers activable by two-photon absorption
Authors: Ethel J. Ngen, Lixin Xiao, Yan Xingzhong, Youngjae You
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a non-linear optical process, used to activate photosensitizers in the NIR region (700 - 850 nm) thus affording greater tissue penetration in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Since the efficiency of this process has a quadratic dependence on the light intensity, the photodynamic effects are restricted to a small area around the laser's focal point, thus providing spatial selectivity. Although most clinically approved photosensitizers can be activated by TPA, they generally have very small cross-sections (generally below 10 GM around 800 nm). Thus, light intensities required to activate them could damage normal surrounding tissues. The TPA of photosensitizers can however be improved, without perturbing their ability to generate singlet oxygen, by conjugating them to effective TPA chromophores. These then serve as TPA antennae and upon activation transfer their energy to the photosensitizer which then generates singlet oxygen for PDT. In this study a porphyrin-rhodamine B dyad (TPP-Rh), previously demonstrated to target mitochondria, was evaluated as a two-photon photosensitizer for PDT. TPP-Rh, was synthesized by conjugating a monohydroxy porphyrin photosensitizer (TPP-OH) to rhodamine B (Rh B), an effective TPA chromophore, via a saturated hydrocarbon linker, thus enhancing intramolecular FRET between the dyad components and ultimately the photosensitizer's TPA. To evaluate the efficiency of TPP-Rh as a two-photon photosensitizer we studied both its one and two-photon absorption photophysical properties in comparison to those of its individual components: Rh B and TPP-OH. These included: FRET kinetics, FRET dynamics, and the singlet oxygen generation kinetics. A FRET rate of 1.679 × 1012 s−1 and a 99 % FRET efficiency was calculated for TPP-Rh from its spectral properties suggesting efficient FRET from the TPA moiety (Rh B) to the photosensitizer moiety (TPP). In addition to this, TPP-Rh produced singlet oxygen at comparable rates when excited with both TPA at 800 nm and one photon absorption (OPA) at 650 nm. Thus, this indicates that conjugating photosensitizers to rhodamine B could provide several advantages in PDT: deeper tissue penetration, spatial selectivity and selective photosensitizer accumulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 497.
Arthritis and Rheumatism: The Diseases and Their Treatment
Authors: R. I. Meanock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1954)

Had Dr. Cyriax in this book confined his work to the subject matter of his sub-title, he would have performed a valuable service, for there are interesting points in his method of physical examination and in his elucidation of disorders of muscular function and of peri-articular lesions.As it is, we find this work one of the most exasperating that has come our way.We must admit at the outset that we were disturbed
Deaths Related to Coffee Enemas
Authors: John W. Eisele
Journal: JAMA (1980)

NATUROPATHIC therapies are increasing in popularity in the United States, and many of them rely primarily on alterations in diet. Although diet and nutrition are recognized as important adjuncts in cancer therapy,<sup>1</sup>conventional medicine rejects the concept of cancer therapy relying solely on dietary changes, and unlicensed practitioners of such therapy have been discouraged or prevented from practicing in the United States. Although these therapies may be of questionable therapeutic value, they are usually considered harmless. One regimen that relies primarily on a diet of natural foods combined with the ingestion of mixed potassium salts, Lugol's solution, thyroid extract, niacin, and pancreatin also includes coffee enemas administered as often as every two hours. This therapy has been recommended not only to patients with cancer but also to those with chronic, degenerative diseases. In the last two years we have noted two deaths in which the common factor was the
Refeeding syndrome in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: T. Gunarathne, R. McKay, L. Pillans, A. Mckinlay, P. Crockett
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 22 year old woman with a one year history of anorexia nervosa was admitted as an emergency after she collapsed. She was hypoglycaemic, with a blood glucose concentration of 1.5 mmol/l. Her hypoglycaemia was corrected, and, after discussion with her and her eating disorder specialist, she was transferred to the gastroenterology unit to start nasogastric refeeding. Her body mass index was 12.9. 

During the next 10 days her liver function tests became deranged—alanine transaminase was 546 U/l, and γ glutamyltransferase was 47 U/l. She was subsequently transferred to a specialist eating disorder unit as an inpatient for psychiatric and psychotherapeutic management alongside the continued refeeding programme.



### 1 What classic biochemical and physical complications may occur in refeeding syndrome?

#### Short answer

Hypophosphataemia, hypomagnesaemia, gastric dilation, congestive cardiac failure, severe oedema, confusion, coma, and death.

#### Long answer

Refeeding syndrome is chiefly defined as the …
Expression of mRNA for androgen receptor, 5alpha-reductase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human dermal papilla cells
Authors: Y. Ando, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Hamada, K. Yoshikawa, S. Itami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In order to determine whether adrenal and gonadal weak androgens are utilized to form active androgens in human hair, we studied the expression of mRNA for androgen receptor (AR), 5α‐reductase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) in cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from various body sites. AR mRNA was expressed in beard (Be) and axillary hair (Ax) DPCs from both sexes, but only at a low level in DPCs from occipital scalp hair (OS). Type I 5α‐reductase mRNA was expressed by all DPCs. Type II 5α‐reductase mRNA was identified in beard DPCs, but was absent from OS and Ax DPCs. Type II 17β‐HSD mRNA was strongly expressed in outer root sheath cells (ORSCs), while DPCs except for male Ax expressed no type II 17β‐HSD mRNA. In contrast, type III 17β‐HSD mRNA was strongly expressed in Be DPCs and Ax DPCs from both sexes; ORSCs showed a low level of expression. Expression of type III 17β‐HSD mRNA was not regulated by androgen in DPCs. These results suggest that the sensitivity of hairs to androgen is partially controlled by the site‐specific expression of AR, 5α‐reductase and 17β‐HSD in DPCs.
Plus ça change . . . : Jost, Piaget, and the dynamics of embodiment
Authors: J. E. R. Staddon, A. Machado, O. Lourenço
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The “A-not-B” error is consistent with an old memory principle, Jost's Law. Quantitative properties of the effect can be explained by a dynamic model for habituation that is also consistent with Jost. Piaget was well aware of the resemblance between adult memory errors and the “A-not-B” effect and, contrary to their assertions, Thelen et al.'s analysis of the object concept is much the same as his, though couched in different language.
Giant Cervical Parathyroid Adenoma Mimicking a Sternocleidomastoid Mass and Presenting as a Brown Tumor of the Mandible
Authors: Sharmini Desigan, Rizwan Syed, Gerard S. Conway, Tomasz R. Kurzawinski, Jamshed B. Bomanji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 27-year-old woman initially presented with a left mandibular swelling, and blood biochemistry consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. On physical examination, a large left cervical mass was noted. Subsequent imaging was equivocal, as evidenced by the findings of a probable left thyroid lobe nodule on ultrasonography, increased uptake of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle region on parathyroid Tc-99m MIBI, and a normally configured thyroid on Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan. The possibility of this cervical mass representing a sternocleidomastoid tumor was raised. However, a giant cervical parathyroid adenoma weighing 39.05 g was found at exploratory surgery and excised.
Further studies on the 37 kD liver protein-acetaldehyde adduct that formsin Vivo during chronic alcohol ingestion
Authors: Renee C. Lin, Lawrence Lumeng
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We have previously reported the detection of a 37 kD liver protein–acetaldehyde adduct in rats fed alcohol chronically with the AIN'76 diet. It was surprising that only one liver protein–acetaldehyde adduct was found. In this report, we have tried to detect additional protein–acetaldehyde adducts by electroimmunotransblot with rabbit anti–hemocyanin–acetaldehyde adduct IgG and to further characterize the 37 kD liver protein–acetaldehyde adduct. Sensitivity of electroimmunotransblot increased 10–to 20–fold when alkaline phosphatase–linked antibody was used in place of horseradish peroxidase, but only one protein–acetaldehyde adduct band was detected in liver. Feeding rats the Lieber–DeCarli alcohol diet also did not produce more protein–acetaldehyde adduct bands in electroimmunotransblot. Addition of cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, to the AIN'76 alcohol diet greatly increased the intensity of the 37–kD protein–acetaldehyde adduct band on electroimmunotransblot but did not produce other bands. The 37 kD protein–acetaldehyde adduct decayed in vivo with a half–life of 4 days when alcohol was removed from the diet. The 37 kD protein–acetaldehyde adduct in liver is cytosolic. Its interaction with anti–hemocyanin–acetaldehyde adduct IgG was blocked by polylysine–acetaldehyde adduct and polytyrosine–acetaldehyde adduct. It could be removed by immunosorption with anti–hemocyanin–acetaldehyde adduct IgG–bound immunoresin. When immunoblotted with anti–alcohol dehydrogenase and anti–aldehyde dehydrogenase antibodies, the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase bands in liver of alcoholfed rats showed identical intensities before and after immunosorption. These data indicate that: (i) the 37 kD protein–acetaldehyde adduct is neither alcohol dehydrogenase nor aldehyde dehydrogenase; (ii) its interaction with anti–hemocyanin–acetaldehyde adduct IgG is by way of acetaldehyde adducts of ε– and/or α–amino groups; (iii) its formation and decay in liver in vivo are likely to depend on acetaldehyde concentration.
Countering Counterfeit Drugs
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylactic Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: H. Koch, K. F. Binmoeller, H. Grimm, N. Soehendra, H. Henning, G. Oehler
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Controlled trials of endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of the first variceal hemorrhage have given controversial results. We continued a previously reported study and randomly assigned 141 patients with esophageal varices and no prior gastrointestinal bleeding to either prophylactic sclerotherapy (n = 70) or no treatment (n = 71). Sclerotherapy was performed until complete eradication of the varices was achieved; recurrent varices were treated with repeat sclerotherapy. The groups were well balanced in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients in both groups who bled from varices received sclerotherapy whenever possible. During a median follow-up of 56 months, variceal bleeding occurred in 7 % in sclerotherapy patients and 44 % of control patients (p < 0.01). In the sclerotherapy group 59 % died, and in the control group 51 % (n.s.). In both groups, the mortality rate increased with the severity of liver function impairment. Sclerotherapy was not found to improve survival in patients, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or nonalcoholic) or variceal size (low-grade or high-grade). We conclude that sclerotherapy is a suitable method to reduce the occurrence of the first variceal hemorrhage, but it does not appear to have an effect on survival.
Unique herpetiform bullous dermatosis with IgG antibodies to desmocollins 1/3 and LAD-1
Authors: A. Ueda, N. Ishii, K. Teye, T. Dainichi, B. Ohyama, T. Hamada, D. Tsuruta, N. Kamioka, K. Mitsui, H. Hosaka, I. Soh, T. Nakada, T. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)
Identifying Predictors, Moderators, and Mediators of Antidepressant Response in Major Depressive Disorder: Neuroimaging Approaches
Authors: Mary L. Phillips, Henry W. Chase, Yvette I. Sheline, Amit Etkin, Jorge R.C. Almeida, Thilo Deckersbach, Madhukar H. Trivedi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Despite significant advances in neuroscience and treatment development, no widely accepted biomarkers are available to inform diagnostics or identify preferred treatments for individuals with major depressive disorder. Method: In this critical review, the authors examine the extent to which multimodal neuroimaging techniques can identify biomarkers reflecting key pathophysiologic processes in depression and whether such biomarkers may act as predictors, moderators, and mediators of treatment response that might facilitate development of personalized treatments based on a better understanding of these processes. Results: The authors first highlight the most consistent findings from neuroimaging studies using different techniques in depression, including structural and functional abnormalities in two parallel neural circuits: serotonergically modulated implicit emotion regulation circuitry, centered on the amygdala and different regions in the medial prefrontal cortex; and dopaminergically modulated reward neural circuitry, centered on the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. They then describe key findings from the relatively small number of studies indicating that specific measures of regional function and, to a lesser extent, structure in these neural circuits predict treatment response in depression. Conclusions: Limitations of existing studies include small sample sizes, use of only one neuroimaging modality, and a focus on identifying predictors rather than moderators and mediators of differential treatment response. By addressing these limitations and, most importantly, capitalizing on the benefits of multimodal neuroimaging, future studies can yield moderators and mediators of treatment response in depression to facilitate significant improvements in shorter- and longer-term clinical and functional outcomes.