tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pyelocaliceal Diverticulum as a Rare Pitfall in I-131 Post-Therapy Scanning
Authors: Lars Husmann, Hans Scheffel, Katrin Stumpe, Simone Schmid, Hatem Alkadhi, Gerhard W. Goerres
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 65-year-old woman with follicular thyroid carcinoma was treated with total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablative therapy with 3943 MBq (107 mCi) I-131. Whole-body planar scintigraphy revealed an increased radioactivity in the upper pole of the right kidney, suggesting an unusual case of renal metastasis of a follicular thyroid carcinoma. SPECT/CT using a low dose CT protocol was performed as well as ultrasound. Although ultrasound revealed a cyst in the upper pole of the right kidney, the low dose CT was not helpful to differentiate a cyst from a solid renal tumor. Pyelocaliceal diverticulum may be considered as a pitfall in I-131 scintigraphy.
Sensible guidelines on immunisation
Authors: J K Anand
Journal: BMJ (1989)

non-traumatic accidents such as near drownings, burnings, and electrocutions.The immediate management priorities are similar in both groups,' so there is nothing to be gained by dividing them between two specialties.Resuscitation of injured patients is the forte of the accident and emergencv specialist.How well it is being carried out will become apparent through studies of the outcome of trauma and audit systems in which accident and emergency staff are prominent participants.
Childhood Viral Infection and the Pathogenesis of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: JAMES C. HOGG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

AM J RESPIR CRIT CARE MED 1999;160:S26−S28.Many epidemiologic studies have implicated childhood respiratory infections as an independent risk factor for the subsequent development of persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The majority of these childhood infections are viral in origin, and great strides are being made in understanding their pathogenesis at the molecular level. Some viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus—a common cause of childhood bronchiolitis—stimulate the helper T cell type 2 (Th2) pattern of immune responses associated with allergic inflammation. Other viruses, such as adenovirus, appear to persist as latent infections in the airways of patients with COPD, and adenoviral E1A protein is capable of amplifying host genes, possibly including those involved in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Studies of the chronic, low-grade peripheral lung inflammation caused by adenoviral infection of guinea pigs will enable examination of the possibility that latent infection may induce resistance to the antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of viral infections of the airways could provide important insights into the nature of the inflammatory process involved in asthma and COPD. Hogg JC. Childhood viral infection and the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.
Immunoprophylaxis of allergen–induced immunoglobulin E synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization
Authors: Ching-Hsiang Hsu, Kaw-Yan Chua, Mi-Hua Tao, Yih-Loong Lai, Heuy-Dong Wu, Shau-Ku Huang, Kue-Hsiung Hsieh
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
532. An Inducible Fed-Batch Fermentation Process for Scale-Up and Production of DNA Vaccines and Gene Medicines
Authors: Aaron E. Carnes, James A. Williams, Clague P. Hodgson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

It is essential to devise industrial processes whereby plasmid DNA can be manufactured to meet the quality, economy, and scale requirements projected for future gene medicine and DNA vaccine production. To date, most plasmid fermentation media and processes result in low yields, imposing a cost and purity burden on commercialization of plasmid DNA production. Here we report the development of an inducible fed-batch fermentation process that dramatically increases volumetric yield and specific plasmid yield with respect to cell mass, while maintaining or enhancing plasmid integrity. Additionally, this process is well suited for producing unstable plasmids. This inducible process utilizes commercially available media that we designed specifically for plasmid production. The process consists of an initial biomass accumulation phase, followed by a plasmid accumulation phase. The plasmid is stably maintained at low levels during a period of nutrient restricted growth and reduced temperature (30°C), and then the temperature is increased (37-42°C) to induce plasmid amplification. Typically, the specific plasmid yield increases over a period of up to 8 hours following temperature up-shift. A set of ten replicate fermentations producing a DNA vaccine plasmid was performed. The total process lasted 38.5 hours, with a 7 hour induction time. The overall plasmid yield averaged 760 mg/L, and the average specific plasmid yield was 8.5 mg/L/OD600. A total DNA analysis by AGE of total cell lysates indicated that plasmid DNA accounted for the majority of the total DNA in the cells at harvest. A high degree of process robustness and reproducibility has been demonstrated with many different plasmids and with multiple batches of a single plasmid. Fed-batch fermentation productivity exceeding 1000 mg plasmid DNA/L fermentation media has been obtained with pUC origin containing plasmids (see figure). This five to ten fold increase in plasmid yield dramatically decreases plasmid manufacturing costs, and improves the effectiveness of downstream purification by reducing the fraction of impurities.
Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, improves portal hypertension by two distinct pathways in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Len Verbeke, Ricard Farre, Jonel Trebicka, Mina Komuta, Tania Roskams, Sabine Klein, Ingrid Vander Elst, Petra Windmolders, Tim Vanuytsel, Frederik Nevens, Wim Laleman
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear bile acid receptor involved in bile acid homeostasis, hepatic and intestinal inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. We studied the effect of short-term treatment with obeticholic acid (INT-747), a potent selective FXR agonist, on intrahepatic hemodynamic dysfunction and signaling pathways in different rat models of cirrhotic portal hypertension (PHT). For this, thioacetamide (TAA)-intoxicated and bile-duct–ligated (BDL) rats were used as models. After gavage of two doses of 30 mg/kg of INT-747 or vehicle within 24 hours, in vivo hemodynamics were assessed. Additionally, we evaluated the direct effect of INT-747 on total intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR) and intrahepatic vascular tone (endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to methoxamine) by means of an in situ liver perfusion system and on hepatic stellate cell contraction in vitro . FXR expression and involved intrahepatic vasoactive pathways (e.g., endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], Rho-kinase, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase [DDAH]) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or western blotting. In both cirrhotic models, FXR expression was decreased. Treatment with INT-747 in TAA and BDL reactivated the FXR downstream signaling pathway and decreased portal pressure by lowering total IHVR without deleterious systemic hypotension. In the perfused TAA and BDL cirrhotic liver, INT-747 improved endothelial vasorelaxation capacity, but not hyperresponsiveness. In both groups, this was associated with an increased eNOS activity, which, in TAA, related to down-regulation of Rho-kinase and in BDL to up-regulation of DDAH-2. Conclusion : FXR agonist INT-747 improves PHT in two different rat models of cirrhosis by decreasing IHVR. This hemodynamic effect relates to increased intrahepatic eNOS activity by pathways that differ depending on the etiology of cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2014;59:2286–2298)
Decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Sjögren's syndrome.
Authors: N Miyasaka, B Sauvezie, D A Pierce, T E Daniels, N Talal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) measures the response of peripheral blood T cells to antigens present on the surface of non-T cells. The AMLR was studied in 25 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The AMLR was decreased in 15 of 25 (60%) of patients with SS (5,272 +/- 6,738 cpm vs. 14,396 +/- 10,092 cpm for the normal controls, P < 0.001). The AMLR was decreased in 8 of 15 patients with only glandular disease who were not on any systemic medications. Patients with SS and associated disease had lower responses than patients with SS alone. Two patients with pseudolymphoma had absent response. The decreased AMLR correlated with a decreased response to concanavalin A, suggesting a possible abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. There was no correlation between the decreased AMLR and age, focus score, serum immunoglobulin concentration, the titer of antilymphocyte antibody, or phytohemagglutinin response. In allogeneic MLR, SS non-T cells and macrophages stimulated normal allogeneic T cells less well than normal non-T cells and macrophages, suggesting a possible abnormality in the cells that stimulate in the cells that stimulate in the allogeneic MLR.
Propionyl-l-carnitine prevents renal function deterioration due to ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Marilena Mister, Marina Noris, Jaroslaw Szymczuk, Nadia Azzollini, Sistiana Aiello, Mauro Abbate, Lech Trochimowicz, Elena Gagliardini, Arduino Arduini, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Reflux Disease and Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: S. Haag, G. Holtmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders. The key feature of GERD is reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Medical treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is well established and is considered the standard treatment. Given the high prevalence of the condition and the excellent response to medical therapy, antireflux surgery is an option for patients with volume reflux that is not properly controlled by medical therapy. Adenocarcinoma is a rare but life-threatening complication of GERD. The only known precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma is Barrett's esophagus. In recent years, a clearer understanding of the development of Barrett's and of its progression toward invasive cancer has developed. Genetic factors almost certainly determine the individual risk. The length of the Barrett's esophagus segment and the size of a hiatal hernia are associated with the risk of developing high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma.With regard to the clinical management of GERD patients with Barrett's, endoscopic surveillance at 3-year intervals is now considered appropriate in the absence of dysplasia. In patients with high-grade dyspepsia, the situation is more difficult. While a considerable proportion of these patients may already have invasive cancers, there is also the possibility that there is only focal dysplasia. For this reason, it is justifiable to carry out curative endoscopic resection. Mucosal ablation procedures may also be appropriate, but these still need to be properly investigated in clinical trials.
Circulating Immune Complexes and Glomerulonephritis in a Patient with Congenital Absence of the Third Component of Complement
Authors: Melvin Berger, James E. Balow, Curtis B. Wilson, Michael M. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE third component of complement (C3) is critically involved in host defense and the maintenance of normal immunologic homeostasis.1 , 2 It is a central component of both the classical and alternative pathways of complement, and its major cleavage product, C3b, serves as an important serum opsonin.1 , 2 Another cleavage product, C3a, is a potent anaphylatoxin that is thought to be important in the initiation of local inflammatory processes.1 , 2 Therefore, attention has focused on infection as the major clinical problem in the rare patients with congenital C3 deficiency3 4 5 6 7 or marked C3 consumption.8 , 9 In the present report, we describe a patient with a congenital . . .
Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying rate-dependent changes of refractoriness in normal and segmentally depressed canine Purkinje fibers. The characteristics of post-repolarization refractoriness.
Authors: J M Davidenko, C Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Tissues from diseased hearts are known to exhibit post-repolarization refractoriness and rate-dependent changes of the refractory period that are often inconsistent with changes in action potential duration. To examine the electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for such rate-dependent changes of the refractory period, a narrow inexcitable zone was created by superfusing the central segments of Purkinje fibers with an "ion-free" isotonic sucrose solution. The degree of conduction impairment could be finely regulated by varying the resistance of the extracellular shunt pathway. At intermediate or low levels of block, the refractory period remained unchanged or decreased, respectively, as the rate was increased. At relatively high levels of block, however, we observed marked increases of the refractory period in response to increases in the stimulation rate. The disparity of refractoriness between normally conducting fibers and fibers exhibiting discontinuous conduction characteristics and post-repolarization refractoriness increased dramatically as a function of increasing stimulation rate. With the aid of current clamp techniques, we demonstrate that the differential behavior is due to the interplay between rate-dependent changes in the restitution of excitability at the site beyond the depressed zone secondary to changes in passive and active membrane properties and in the intensity of local circuit current provided to that site by activity generated in the segment proximal to the zone of block. Our data suggest that rate-dependent changes of refractoriness in Purkinje tissue are principally governed by attendant changes in membrane resistance.
Lamivudine is not effective in primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: B Gescuk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Retroviral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. <b>Objective:</b> To examine the efficacy of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine in patients with this syndrome. <b>Methods:</b> 16 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome were randomised to receive either lamivudine 150 mg twice daily or placebo for three months. Measures of lacrimal and salivary function, including minor salivary gland biopsies, were obtained before and after treatment. <b>Results:</b> Treatment with lamivudine did not result in significant improvement in the primary outcome measure of unstimulated whole salivary flow or other secondary measures, including minor salivary gland biopsy focus scores. <b>Conclusion:</b> Lamivudine is not effective in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, suggesting either that a retroviral aetiology is not present or that it may be important only in early disease.
TCT-698 Acute changes in mitral annular geometery after Mitraclip procedure in functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation
Authors: Jonathan Yap, Khung Keong Yeo, Nadira Hamid, Eric Lim, Peter Ting, Hak Chiaw Tang, See Hooi Ewe, Zee Pin Ding
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Missing clinical trial data
Authors: R. Lehman, E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed food and risk of cancer. <h3>Design</h3> Population based cohort study. <h3>Setting and participants</h3> 104 980 participants aged at least 18 years (median age 42.8 years) from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-17). Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, designed to register participants’ usual consumption for 3300 different food items. These were categorised according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of overall, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors. <h3>Results</h3> Ultra-processed food intake was associated with higher overall cancer risk (n=2228 cases; hazard ratio for a 10% increment in the proportion of ultra-processed food in the diet 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.18); P for trend&lt;0.001) and breast cancer risk (n=739 cases; hazard ratio 1.11 (1.02 to 1.22); P for trend=0.02). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (lipid, sodium, and carbohydrate intakes and/or a Western pattern derived by principal component analysis). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large prospective study, a 10% increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a significant increase of greater than 10% in risks of overall and breast cancer. Further studies are needed to better understand the relative effect of the various dimensions of processing (nutritional composition, food additives, contact materials, and neoformed contaminants) in these associations. <h3>Study registration</h3> Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03335644.
Silencing of the inhibitor of DNA binding protein 4 (ID4) contributes to the pathogenesis of mouse and human CLL
Authors: Shih-Shih Chen, Rainer Claus, David M. Lucas, Lianbo Yu, Jiang Qian, Amy S. Ruppert, Derek A. West, Katie E. Williams, Amy J. Johnson, Fred Sablitzky, Christoph Plass, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2010)
Evaluation of particle uptake in human blood monocyte-derived cells in vitro. Does phagocytosis activity of dendritic cells measure up with macrophages?
Authors: Lars Thiele, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Samantha Jilek, Heidi Wunderli-Allenspach, Hans P. Merkle, Elke Walter
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
Constructing RSI: Belief and Desire
Authors: Peter Croft
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A Dallas taxi driver once helpfully informed me that 90% of Americans were sick. He explained that it was all down to liver disease and that the medicine in the boot of his car was going to cure the nation. His statistics were not outrageous. Physical symptoms are certainly common in the general population, but their persistence, the distress that they cause, and their significance to the individual are not necessarily explained by underlying disease.



Psychological factors afford one level of explanation, either because they may cause physical symptoms directly (anxiety's effect on the heart, for example) or because psychological distress may be felt and expressed as physical symptoms (somatisation). A further explanation comes at …
Intra-Atrial Block
Authors: SAMUEL M. BRADLEY, HENRY J. L. MARRIOTT
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Attention is drawn to differences of opinion regarding the upper normal limit of P-wave duration and the definition of intra-atrial block. There seems to be good reason for accepting 0.11 sec. as the upper limit of normal and a P-wave duration of 0.12 sec. or more as indicative of intra-atrial block. By this criterion 4,500 consecutive electrocardiograms taken in a general hospital were examined and the findings are reported.
TREATMENT WITH A HIGH UNSATURATED FAT DIET, COMPARED WITH HIGH SATURATED FAT DIET OR LOW FAT DIET, INCREASES FAT PAD MASS, FREE FAT ACIDS LEVELS, AND MORTALITY IN CARDIOMYOPATHIC HAMSTERS
Authors: Tatiana F. Galvao, Bethany H. Brown, Kelly O'Connell, Peter Hecker, William C. Stanley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Pulmonary microembolisation and temazepam.
Authors: A D Hingorani, R W Ainsworth
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the impact of ski geometry data and standing height ratio on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk of male and female recreational skiers. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective questionnaire-based, case–control study of ACL-injured and uninjured recreational skiers was conducted during six consecutive winter seasons. Ski geometry data (ski length, side-cut radius, widths of the tip, waist and tail) were recorded from each participant’s skis. Standing heights at the front and rear components of the ski binding were measured with a digital sliding calliper, and the standing height ratio between the front and rear was calculated. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1817 recreational skiers participated in this study, of whom 392 (21.6%) sustained an ACL injury. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates a higher age, a lower skill level and riskier behaviour as independent individual risk factors associated with an ACL injury. An increase in ski length, tip width of the ski, standing height at the rear ski binding component, and in standing height ratio were found to be independent equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Reduced ski length, narrower ski tip width, lower rear standing height and a lower standing height ratio (ie, rear component of the ski binding is more elevated compared with the front component) were associated with a reduced likelihood for ACL injury. When buying or renting skis, these parameters could be considered to reduce the likelihood of ACL injury in recreational skiers.
Iodized Contrast
Authors: Francisco J. Loira, Ana M. Álvarez, Andrés Serena, Javier L. Pou, José M. Nogueiras, Luis M. Campos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Parathyroid scintigraphy is probably the best diagnostic and localization technique of parathyroid adenomas in hyperparathyroidism. Nowadays, it is performed mainly with a double-phase and dual-tracer technique using Tc-99m sestamibi. The authors present a case in which intense radiotracer uptake by a parathyroid adenoma and blockade of thyroid uptake by iodized contrast could cause an erroneous interpretation. The use of 2 tracers in several exploratory steps demands a careful technique and the suitable knowledge of the clinical and analytical status of the patient, as well as the therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents that had been recently administered.
Nonlinear summation of depressor effects of carotid sinus pressure changes and aortic nerve stimulation in the rabbit.
Authors: N Ishikawa, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We studied the interaction between the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreflexes' control of arterial pressure in 13 rabbits anesthetized with urethane. The carotid sinus baroreceptor region was isolated to control carotid sinus pressure. The aortic nerve was transected cervically and stimulated with 4-V electrical pulses at 5 Hz and 0.5-msec duration, which caused a 20-30 mm Hg decrease in arterial pressure. Several protocols were used to analyze the interaction. In the first, we compared the combined effect of the stimulation of a unilateral aortic nerve and a simultaneous increase of bilateral carotid sinus pressures from 40 to 70-80 mm Hg to the sum of these effects measured separately. The combined effect was always larger than the sum of the separate effects. In the second protocol, we varied carotid sinus pressures between 40 and 140 mm Hg and, at each carotid sinus pressure, measured the decrease in arterial pressure caused by unilateral aortic nerve stimulation. The fall in arterial pressure was always greater in the middle range of carotid sinus pressure (70-90 mm Hg) than in the lower or higher range. In the third protocol, we increased the intensity of aortic nerve stimulation from 2 to 4 V while raising carotid sinus pressure from 90 to 110 mm Hg. At this increased tonic input level, the combined effect was always smaller than the sum of the separate effects. Thus, we observed a facilitatory summation when the input variables changed from subthreshold to physiological level, but an inhibitory summation when the input stimulus intensity increased from a physiological to a supraphysiological level. We conclude that interaction between the two reflexes depends in part upon the initial level of the input intensity to the receptors.