tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers Examine Long-term Risks of Exposure to Medical Radiation
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous and Induced Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Bruce N. Goldreyer, J. Thomas Bigger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 53-year-old man had a regular supraventricular tachycardia that lasted 16 days. Intracavitary electrograms taken during this arrhythmia demonstrated simultaneous atrial and ventricular depolarization. After cardioversion, a study of the relationship between premature atrial and ventricular extrasystoles and the genesis of this arrhythmia was undertaken. An appropriately timed atrial extrasystole produced by an electrical stimulus was twice demonstrated to begin a tachycardia with characteristics identical to his spontaneous arrhythmia. The most likely mechanism for this arrhythmia was atrial reentry via the atrioventricular (AV) junction. Treatment with quinidine resulted in markedly prolonged AV conduction time and refractory periods. After these alterations had been induced by quinidine, this arrhythmia could not be reproduced with stimulated atrial premature systoles identical to those that had previously done so.
Codeine and Its Alternates for Pain and Cough Relief
Authors: NATHAN B. EDDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorials1 December 1969Codeine and Its Alternates for Pain and Cough ReliefNATHAN B. EDDY, M.D.NATHAN B. EDDY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-6-1209 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCodeine was first isolated in 1832, 25 years after the isolation of morphine, but its chemical relationship as the methyl ether of morphine was not established until 50 years later. Its clinical use as a morphine-like substance began almost immediately, as an antitussive as early as 1838. Its clinical use spread rapidly with recognition of its relative safety and its ability to substitute for morphine in many instances. Its relative safety was evident not only because of its lesser respiratory depressant effect (even to the present relatively few cases of poisoning and extremely few fatalities have been reported), but also...References1. EDDYFRIEBELHAHNHALBACH NBHKH: A review, in The Bulletin of the World Health Organization 38: 673, 1968; 40: 1, 1969; 40: 425, 1969; 40: 720, 1969; 40: 639, 1969. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. KRUEGEREDDYSUMWALT HNBM: The pharmacology of the opium alkaloids, Public Health Rep. (suppl. 165), 1943. Google Scholar3. GRAVENSTEINDEVLOOBEECHER GSRAHK: Effect of antitussive agents on experimental and pathological cough in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 7: 119, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Editorial. Brit. Med. J. 1: 1165, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 7055 Wilson Lane Bethesda, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment of Chronic Refractory Cough in Adults: Focus on Neuromodulators and Other Therapeutic ModalitiesCarisoprodol pharmacokinetics and distribution in the nucleus accumbens correlates with behavioral effects in rats independent from its metabolism to meprobamateCodeine versus placebo for chronic cough in childrenDoes the type of anesthetic agent affect remifentanil effect-site concentration for preventing endotracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic emergence? Comparison of propofol, sevoflurane, and desfluraneSystems approaches and polypharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines: An example using licoriceCarisoprodol tolerance and precipitated withdrawalModulation of sensory nerve function and the cough reflex: Understanding disease pathogenesisSafe Use of Codeine in the Recovering Alcoholic or Addict 1 December 1969Volume 71, Issue 6Page: 1209-1212KeywordsCodeineMorphineSafety Issue Published: 1 December 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cases of Jaundice following Haemorrhage, with some Remarks on their Cause
Authors: W. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1869)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.5 could distinctly cout 200 pulsations in the minute each pulsation be- ing regular and uniform, and consisting of but one sound, anid that quite free from murmur.The patient stated that his palpitofion and distress had come on simultaneously two days before; adid that he had
The RANTES -28 g polymorphism is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: L. Henckaerts, J. Fevery, W. Van Steenbergen, C. Verslype, F. Nevens, P. Yap, T. Roskams, P. Rutgeerts, S. Vermeire
Journal: Gut (2007)

damage is observed.This makes ET1 an additional useful marker for severe intestinal strangulation than other hitherto reported markers including procalcitonin. 4 According to these results, measurement of plasma ET1 in a clinical setting is justified to further evaluate its value in the early diagnosis of intestinal ischaemia due to strangulation.
Successful treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium szulgai infection with ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, and ethambutol
Authors: Chi-Tai Fang, Shan-Chwen Chang, Kwen-Tay Luh, Yih-Leong Chang, Po-Ren Hsueh, Wei-Chuan Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Infection (1999)
Hemoperfusion in the Management of Digoxin Toxicity
Authors: Joseph W. Smiley
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Resin hemoperfusion was used in a long-term dialysis patient who inadvertently ingested a quadruple dose of digoxin for five days. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms improved, and impressive plasma digoxin clearances were observed. Cellulose-coated activated charcoal was used in another patient who had ingested a massive dose of digoxin. Gastrointestinal and CNS symptoms improved, and second-degree heart block with life-threatening bradycardia cleared during hemoperfusion. Digoxin toxicity may be added to the list of conditions that can be treated by this method.
Hypothyroidism in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
Authors: P. Wiseman, K. Stewart, G. S. Rai
Journal: BMJ (1989)

two), fatigue (two), insomnia (one), back pain (two).In one omeprazole treated patient the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity rose from 20 to 82 U/i (reference range 20-40 U/I) and the alkaline phosphatase activity from 368 to 808 U/I (reference range 82-224 U/1).The patient had no symptoms and the values were almost normal one month after the end of treatment.Two cimetidine treated patients also had raised aspartate aminotransferase activities.Some patients in both groups had abnormal liver function values at entry, which continued unchanged during the trial.In several patients single laboratory values fell outside the normal range, but these abnormalities occurred at random in both groups.The mean change in laboratory values in the two treatment groups from day 1 to day 43 was compared by using the two sample t test.No significant differences were found (p>O0 15), apart from the difference caused by a slight increase in the serum creatinine concentration in the cimetidine group (p = 0 00004). DiscussionPrevious controlled studies have provided little information on the effect of omeprazole on the healing of ulcers of the body of the stomach.A German multicentre trial in patients with gastric ulcer found no appreciable difference between the effects of omeprazole 20 mg and ranitidine 300 mg daily.6The ulcer was located in the body of the stomach in 53 patients, and the authors mentioned that the healing rate in this subgroup was lower than among the remaining patients, regardless of treatment.In two other trials in patients with gastric ulcer omeprazole was found to be superior to ranitidine but the available abstracts provide no information on sites of the ulcers."6In one study, which comprised solely patients with prepyloric ulcers, treatment with omeprazole 30 mg was found to be slightly superior to treatment with cimetidine 1 g.3We conclude that omeprazole 30 mg daily accelerates the healing of ulcers of the body of the stomach as compared with cimetidine 1 g daily.The results suggest that this effect may be more pronounced in larger ulcers than in smaller ulcers.A trial in patients with mixed gastric ulcers showed that omeprazole 40 mg daily provides higher healing rates than omeprazole 20 mg daily.7 Possibly, therefore, our results could be improved by using a higher dose.Our findings also support the conclusion from studies of duodenal ulcers, prepyloric ulcers, and mixed gastric ulcers that short term treatment of peptic ulcers with omeprazole is safe.The safety and efficacy of longer term use of omeprazole have yet to be assessed.Omeprazole and placebo capsules were kindly provided by A B Hassle, Molndal, Sweden.
Developmental Control of Titin Isoform Expression and Passive Stiffness in Fetal and Neonatal Myocardium
Authors: Sunshine Lahmers, Yiming Wu, Douglas R. Call, Siegfried Labeit, Henk Granzier
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Developmental changes in contractile behavior are known to occur during fetal and postnatal heart development. In this study, we examined whether adaptations take place in titin. A range of species was used to evaluate titin isoform expression and altered function during cardiac muscle development. A novel titin exon microarray that allows all 363 titin exons to be monitored simultaneously was used for transcript studies. Results reveal expression of fetal titin isoforms, characterized by additional spring elements both in the tandem Ig and PEVK region of the molecule. At the protein level, the fetal cardiac isoform predominates in fetal and neonatal myocardium and gradually disappears during postnatal development with a time course that varies in different species. Passive myocardium, contrary to previous reports, was found to be less stiff in the neonate than in the adult. This can be explained by the unique spring composition of fetal cardiac titin expressed by the neonate. Changes in titin expression are likely to impact functional transitions and diastolic filling behavior during development of the heart.
Associations between soil lead and childhood blood lead in urban New Orleans and rural Lafourche Parish of Louisiana.
Authors: H W Mielke, D Dugas, P W Mielke, K S Smith, C R Gonzales
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This study evaluates associations between soil lead concentrations (SPb), age of housing, and blood lead levels (BPb) of children in metropolitan New Orleans and Lafourche Parish, Louisiana. The database includes over 2,600 SPb and 6,000 BPb samples paired by their median values and pre-1940 housing percentages for 172 census tracts. Associations were evaluated with Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rho test and modeled with the least sum of absolute deviations regression. Census tracts with low SPb are associated with new housing, but census tracts with high SPb are evenly split between old and new housing [Fisher's exact test, p = 8.60 X 10(-13) for the percentage of housing built before 1940 (percent pre-1940 housing) versus SPb]. The p-value for SPb versus BPb is 12 orders of magnitude stronger than the p-value for percent pre-1940 housing versus BPb. Census tracts with low BPb are associated with new housing, but census tracts with high BPb are split evenly between old and new housing (Fisher's exact test, p = 1. 67 X 10(-12) for percent pre-1940 housing versus BPb). Census tracts with high SPb are associated with high BPb and census tracts with low SPb are associated with low BPb (Fisher's exact test, p = 3.18 X 10(-24) for BPb versus SPb). The Spearman's rho test of the association of SPb and BPb in Orleans and Lafourche Parishes yielded a p-value of 6.12 X 10(-24). The least sum of absolute deviations regression model of the data is BPb = 1. 845 + 0.7215 (SPb)0.4. A comparison of the modeled BPb versus observed BPb has an r(2) of 0.552 and a p-value of 2.83 X 10(-23) that this relation was due to chance. If blood lead in children is more closely associated to soil lead than to the age of housing, then primary lead prevention should also include soil lead.
Triggers of Hospitalization for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Mary A.M. Rogers, Deborah A. Levine, Neil Blumberg, Scott A. Flanders, Vineet Chopra, Kenneth M. Langa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The rate of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing in the United States. Although predictors of hospital-acquired VTE are well-known, triggers of VTE before hospitalization are not as clearly defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate triggers of hospitalization for VTE. Methods and Results— A case-crossover study was conducted. Subjects were participants in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of older Americans. Data were linked to Medicare files for hospital and nursing home stays, emergency department visits, outpatient visits including physician visits, and home health visits from years 1991 to 2007 (n=16 781). The outcome was hospitalization for venous thromboembolism (n=399). Exposures during the 90-day period before hospitalization for VTE were compared with exposures occurring in 4 comparison periods. Infection was the most common trigger of hospitalization for VTE, occurring in 52.4% of the risk periods before hospitalization. The adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs; 95% confidence interval) were 2.90 (2.13, 3.94) for all infection, 2.63 (1.90, 3.63) for infection without a previous hospital or skilled nursing facility stay, and 6.92 (4.46, 10.72) for infection with a previous hospital or skilled nursing facility stay. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and blood transfusion were also associated with VTE hospitalization (IRR=9.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 73.42; IRR=2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 5.64; respectively). Other predictors included major surgeries, fractures (IRR=2.81), immobility (IRR=4.23), and chemotherapy (IRR=5.70). These predictors, combined, accounted for a large proportion (69.7%) of exposures before VTE hospitalization as opposed to 35.3% in the comparison periods. Conclusions— Risk prediction algorithms for VTE should be reevaluated to include infection, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusion.
Mechanism of reciprocating tachycardia initiated during sinus rhythm in concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: report of a case.
Authors: R J Sung, A Castellanos, H Gelband, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Reciprocating tachycardia in a patient with a leftsided atrioventricular accessory pathway (AP) (Kent bundle, type A) capable only of ventriculo-atrial (V-A) transmission is described. The V-A AP is established as an essential link of the tachycardia circuit, as evidenced by : 1) retrograde atrial activation of the left atrium (LA) 60 msec or more before the low and high right atrium during reciprocating tachycardia and during V-A conduction; 2) the absence of refractory-dependent delay in V-A conduction time with progressively premature ventricular stimulation, characteristic of retrograde conduction through an AP; and 3) the absence of antegrade conduction through the Kent bundle during sinus rhythm, reciprocating tachycardia, pacing from either atrium, or during induced atrial flutter-fibrillation. The onset of the tachycardia was unique in that it could be initiated and perpetuated during sinus rhythm, without a triggering mechanism of an atrial or ventricular extrasystole. The interplay of the following two events seemed to favor the initiation of the tachycardia: 1) shortening of the atrial cycle length causing a decrease in the refractory period of the LA and/or the AP; and 2) the development of rate-dependent left bundle branch block, delaying impulse arrival at the ventricular end of the AP. These observations described an additional mechansim of reciprocating tachycardia in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Detecting and Treating Early Renal Homotransplant Rejection
Authors: Samuel L. Kountz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The recipient of a renal transplant who is not genetically identical with the donor immediately falls victim of a new disease: renal homotransplant or renal-heterotransplant rejection. Since measures to induce specific immunologic tolerance to renal homotransplants are as yet unavailable, survival of the recipient is dependent upon effective therapy of his new disease. The long-term results in both man and animals for experimental use whose survivals have depended on a single life-sustaining renal homotransplant have been poor.<sup>12</sup>Some died from overdosage of the immunosuppressive drugs while the transplant exhibited good function, and others of homotransplant rejection from inadequate therapy. It has been suggested that the usual parameters of renal function were inadequate for early detection and monitoring of the immunologic reaction in renal homotransplants, especially in modified recipients.<sup>2-4</sup>The usual dosage guide of immunosuppressive-drug therapy in renal homotransplantation has been a balance between toxicity, chiefly on the hematopoietic
Abstract 4629: Tumor penetration and retention of different sized FGFR4 targeting scaffolds
Authors: Ruth Muchekehu, Steven Pirie-Shepherd, Julia Coronella
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Poor drug concentration, distribution and retention pose significant obstacles to effective therapy of solid tumors. Antibody based immunotherapies must balance pharmacokinetics (PK), molecular weight and potency in order to maximize tumor penetration and retention. Low molecular weight constructs may have superior tumor diffusion properties, but short in vivo half life, whereas whole IgG molecules have improved PK properties and slow heterogeneous penetration. We hypothesise a molecule with a mass of 100-150 kDa and a KD of 1- 10 nM will have the ideal characteristics for maximum tumor penetration. A CovX-Body is the fusion of two targeting moieties (typically a peptide; in this study an FGFR4 targeting peptide is used) with an IgG scaffold. Constructs with variable molecular weights and affinities for FGFR4 have been generated by enzymatic digestion of the CovX body. As measured by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and flow cytometry (FACS), the bivalent CovX-Body and F(ab)2 constructs had similar FGFR4 binding properties (KD = 0.7 nM and 0.8 nM respectively), while the monovalent Fab construct showed ∼10-fold decreased binding (KD =11 nM). Initial in vivo studies measured total tumor levels of the full length CovX-Body in Colo205 Xenografts 72 hours post-injection with various doses. CovX-body levels were measured using an anti-idiotype CovX-body ELISA. The FGFR4-targeting CovX-Body reaches 8-fold higher total tumor levels compared to non-targeting CovX-bodies following a 10 mg/kg dose. Tumor penetration into the centre of the tumor was also measured, and showed 16-fold higher levels of the targeted CovX-body in the centre of the tumor compared to the non-targeting. Future work will involve measuring the biodistribution and tumor penetration properties of the different constructs. Lower molecular weight constructs should rapidly achieve high but transient levels of drug within the tumor, while IgG should achieve longer term, but lower intratumoral concentrations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4629. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4629
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with latex-induced urticaria: a 12-month study
Authors: E. Nettis, M.C. Colanardi, A.L. Soccio, M. Marcandrea, L. Pinto, A. Ferrannini, A. Tursi, A. Vacca
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is a worldwide problem. Although prevention is sufficient to reduce sensitization, prolonged avoidance is needed to prevent resensitization or adverse reactions on re-exposure.This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with latex.Forty patients with NRL allergy were enrolled. At diagnosis, 30 presented urticaria and 10 asthma. Patients were evaluated on their clinical history and an allergological assessment: skin prick test with latex extract, serum-specific IgE and provocation tests. Patients were subdivided by complaint (asthma or urticaria), and randomized to receive SLIT with latex extract (ALK-Abelló, Lainate, Milan, Italy) or placebo.The evaluable population consisted of 35 patients, 18 treated with SLIT and 17 with placebo. The results show that 12 months of SLIT improved the symptoms score and reduced the medication score in all subjects. The subjective evaluation was corroborated by improved bronchial and glove provocation test results. The latex-specific IgE levels increased slightly in the SLIT group, and skin sensitization was reduced at the end of the trial in all the patients treated with SLIT. The immunotherapy was not complicated by any severe adverse reactions.This is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy of SLIT with latex extract conducted in adult patients allergic to NRL. SLIT with latex can be proposed for subjects with latex allergy, especially those for whom complete avoidance of latex exposure may be very difficult or even impossible. More studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of SLIT in the treatment of subjects with latex allergy who are sensitized to inhalant allergens.
A scoring system for the classification of β‐thalassemia/Hb E disease severity
Authors: Orapan Sripichai, Wattanan Makarasara, Thongperm Munkongdee, Chutima Kumkhaek, Issarang Nuchprayoon, Ampaiwan Chuansumrit, Suporn Chuncharunee, Nawarat Chantrakoon, Piathip Boonmongkol, Pranee Winichagoon, Suthat Fucharoen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract β‐Thalassemia intermediate patients show a remarkable clinical heterogeneity. We examined the phenotypic diversity of 950 β‐thalassemia/Hb E patients in an attempt to construct a system for classifying disease severity. A novel scoring system based on six independent parameters, hemoglobin level, age at disease presentation, age at receiving first blood transfusion, requirement for transfusion, spleen size, and growth and development, was able to separate patients into three distinctive severity categories: mild, moderate, and severe courses. This system, therefore, can increase the accuracy of studies of genotype–phenotype interactions and facilitate decisions for appropriate patient management. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.