tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer and patients with end-stage renal failure.
Authors: A Bush, R Gabriel
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Objective</h3> Cardiovascular disease is a global epidemic, which is largely preventable. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is demonstrated to be cost-effective and efficacious in high-income countries. CR could represent an important approach to mitigate the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in lower-resource settings. The purpose of this consensus statement was to review low-cost approaches to delivering the core components of CR, to propose a testable model of CR which could feasibly be delivered in middle-income countries. <h3>Methods</h3> A literature review regarding delivery of each core CR component, namely: (1) lifestyle risk factor management (ie, physical activity, diet, tobacco and mental health), (2) medical risk factor management (eg, lipid control, blood pressure control), (3) education for self-management and (4) return to work, in low-resource settings was undertaken. Recommendations were developed based on identified articles, using a modified GRADE approach where evidence in a low-resource setting was available, or consensus where evidence was not. <h3>Results</h3> Available data on cost of CR delivery in low-resource settings suggests it is not feasible to deliver CR in low-resource settings as is delivered in high-resource ones. Strategies which can be implemented to deliver all of the core CR components in low-resource settings were summarised in practice recommendations, and approaches to patient assessment proffered. It is suggested that CR be adapted by delivery by non-physician healthcare workers, in non-clinical settings. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Advocacy to achieve political commitment for broad delivery of adapted CR services in low-resource settings is needed.
Perspectives on the Physician Workforce to the Year 2020
Authors: Richard A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Physician supply and demand for the period extending to 2020 were assessed from three perspectives: physician utilization in group- and staff-model health maintenance organizations, physician distribution, and the future supply of nonphysician clinicians. The national norm for physician demand in 1993 was estimated to be 205 per 100000 population. Demand is projected to increase 18% by 2020, because of both an expansion in beneficial services and a reduction in physician work effort. Supply initially will increase more rapidly, resulting in a surplus of 31 000 physicians (5% of patient care physicians) in the year 2000 and increasing to 62 000 physicians (8%) in 2010, after which the gap will narrow. Similar results were obtained when previous studies that had projected surpluses of 73 000 to 165 000 physicians (15% to 30%) in the year 2000 were reevaluated. However, physician distribution is not homogeneous, and the number of physicians per capita currently varies by more than twofold among states. Relative to the national norm, surpluses already exist in some states and shortages in others. In addition, the supply of nonphysician clinicians with independent practice authority is increasing. Their numbers are projected to double by 2010, equaling 60% of the number of patient care physicians. Measured as physician equivalents, their growth will equal the growth in physician supply. Thus, in terms of physicians alone, there is no evidence of a major impending national surplus. Local surpluses will be influenced principally by how physicians distribute themselves geographically. The major determinant of overall physician surpluses in the future will be the extent to which patients continue to seek physicians for services that also will be offered by an expanded work-force of nonphysician clinicians. Policy is needed that encompasses the universe of clinicians who will be providing care to patients in the next century. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1534-1543)
Structural Abnormalities of the Inferoseptal Left Ventricular Wall Detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Carriers of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations
Authors: Tjeerd Germans, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Pieter A. Dijkmans, Wenxia Chai, Otto Kamp, Yigal M. Pinto, Albert C. van Rossum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Thrombosis from a Prothrombin Mutation Conveying Antithrombin Resistance
Authors: Yuhri Miyawaki, Atsuo Suzuki, Junko Fujita, Asuka Maki, Eriko Okuyama, Moe Murata, Akira Takagi, Takashi Murate, Shinji Kunishima, Michio Sakai, Kohji Okamoto, Tadashi Matsushita, Tomoki Naoe, Hidehiko Saito, Tetsuhito Kojima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

We identified a novel mechanism of hereditary thrombosis associated with antithrombin resistance, with a substitution of arginine for leucine at position 596 (p.Arg596Leu) in the gene encoding prothrombin (called prothrombin Yukuhashi). The mutant prothrombin had moderately lower activity than wild-type prothrombin in clotting assays, but the formation of thrombin-antithrombin complex was substantially impaired. A thrombin-generation assay revealed that the peak activity of the mutant prothrombin was fairly low, but its inactivation was extremely slow in reconstituted plasma. The Leu596 substitution caused a gain-of-function mutation in the prothrombin gene, resulting in resistance to antithrombin and susceptibility to thrombosis.
Study of a myo-inositol hexaphosphate-based cream to prevent dystrophic calcinosis cutis
Authors: F. Grases, J. Perello, B. Isern, R.M. Prieto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Calcinosis cutis is a disorder caused by abnormal deposits of calcium phosphate in the skin and is observed in diverse disorders. Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) is a diet-dependent molecule found in all mammalian fluids and tissues, which exhibits an extraordinary capacity as a crystallization inhibitor of calcium salts. Objectives To establish the effects of topically administered InsP6 cream on artificially provoked dystrophic calcifications in soft tissues. Methods Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treated groups. Rats were fed with an InsP6-free or phytate diet. Plaque formation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 0·1% KMnO4 solution. From 4 days before plaque induction to the end of the experiment, control rats were treated topically with a standard cream, whereas treated rats were treated with the same cream with 2% InsP6 or phytate (as sodium salt). Calcification of plaques was allowed to proceed for 10 days. InsP6 in urine was determined. The plaques were excised and weighed. Results It was found that when InsP6 was administered topically through a moisturizing cream (2% InsP6-rich), the plaque size and weight were notably and significantly reduced compared with the control group (1·6 ± 1·1 mg InsP6-treated, 26·7 ± 3·0 mg control). The InsP6 urinary levels for animals treated with the InsP6-enriched cream were considerably and significantly higher than those found in animals treated topically with the cream without InsP6 (16·96 ± 4·32 mg L−1 InsP6-treated, 0·06 ± 0·03 mg L−1 control). Conclusions This demonstrates the important capacity of InsP6 as a crystallization inhibitor and also demonstrates that it is possible to propose topical use as a new InsP6 administration route.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antigenemia (p24) in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Effect of Treatment with Zidovudine (AZT)
Authors: GEORGE GEE JACKSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause viral antigenemia, detected primarily as p24 viral core protein. Among 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex studied serially, 12 had or developed antigenemia ranging from 16 to 3006 pg/mL in plasma. The level could be categorized as high (greater than 100 pg/mL) or low (15 to 65 pg/mL). Three patients with anti-p24 antibody had no antigenemia. Zidovudine (AZT), 200 or 250 mg every 4 hours, reduced antigenemia by about 90%; other regimens were less effective. Leukocyte cultures were positive for HIV from patients with antigenemia, and in one third of samples in the absence of antigenemia. High levels of antigenemia correlated with symptoms, CD4 cell count, and prognosis. Drug toxicity requiring a lower dose was followed by increased antigenemia, recurrent symptoms, and decreased CD4 cells, suggesting lymphocyte toxicity. Monitoring antigenemia can be useful in evaluating patients with HIV infection and in evaluating the effect of antiviral chemotherapy.
Macromolecular Prodrugs of Ribavirin: Concerted Efforts of the Carrier and the Drug
Authors: Anton A. A. Smith, Benjamin M. Wohl, Mille B. L. Kryger, Natasha Hedemann, Carlos Guerrero‐Sanchez, Almar Postma, Alexander N. Zelikin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Polymers in tune. Automated parallel polymer synthesis is developed to obtain libraries of macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. As many as 10 identified lead polymer conjugates exhibit therapeutic efficacy matching that of the pristine drug and at the same time suppressed the origin of the main side effect of ribavirin. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Suicide as an indicator of mental health
Authors: J McCarthy, I Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Correlation matrix for percentage reduction in standardised death rates, percentage change in population due to migration between censuses, and area depnivation score % Reduction in % Change in standardised Deprivation population death rate score % Change in population -% Reduction in standardised death rate 0-667 -Deprivation score 0-636 0-609 All significant, P < 0001.improvement.All three factors-deprivation, percentage reduction in standardised death rate, and percentage change in the population due to migration-were closely correlated (table).Possibly, those people who can leave deprived areas do so and those who lack the means (by inference, the less healthy) stay put.This "residualisation" may explain at least part of the increase in mortality associated with deprived areas.
Effect of the Thyroid State on Myocardial Contractility and Ventricular Ejection Rate in Man
Authors: MORTEZA AMIDI, DONALD F. LEON, WILLIAM J. DEGROOT, FRANK W. KROETZ, JAMES J. LEONARD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Although the circulatory changes in various thyroid states are well known, the alterations of myocardial contractility of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have remained controversial. The changes in the length of the ejection time (ET) and isovolumic contraction time (ICT) are used as indicative of alterations in inotropic state of the myocardium. Isovolumic contraction time, ejection time, and pre-ejection period were measured externally in 10 normal, 13 hyperthyroid, and five hypothyroid subjects. Cardiac outputs, mean rate of left ventricular ejection index, and predicted ejection times were calculated. More shortening of ICT and ET in hyperthyroid and more prolongation of these intervals in hypothyroid subjects than could be attributed to other factors were interpreted as indicative of increased and decreased myocardial contractility, respectively. Catecholamine depletion in hyperthyroid subjects with adequate administration of intramuscular reserpine induced no changes in cardiac output and oxygen consumption and caused no alteration in different phases of ventricular systole; consequently it had no effect on enhancement of hyperthyroid myocardial contractility.
FDG PET/CT in Endobronchial Metastases from Extrathoracic Malignancies
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Tiejun Zhao, Yang Wang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Metastasis to the bronchus from extrathoracic malignancy is a rare event. We present 2 cases of endobronchial metastases from extrathoracic tumors with FDG PET/CT findings. One patient had a hypermetabolic endobronchial metastasis from breast cancer. The other patient had a hypermetabolic endobronchial metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Both the endobronchial metastases were confirmed by bronchoscopic biopsy. These 2 cases indicate that FDG PET/CT is useful for detecting endobronchial metastases, and endobronchial metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of abnormal endotracheal or endobronchial FDG accumulation in patients with histories of malignant tumors.
Incidence and site of atrioventricular block in patients with chronic bifascicular block.
Authors: R C Dhingra, C Wyndham, F Amat-y-Leon, P Denes, D Wu, S Sridhar, A G Bustin, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Four hundred fifty-two patients with chronic bifascicular block and initially intact atrioventricular (AV) conduction were detected, studied, and prospectively followed between January 1970 and March 1978. There were 360 males and 92 females, ages 18--93 years (mean +/- SD, 62 +/- 15 years). Follow-up ranged from 29-2804 days (mean 1066 +/- 97 days). AV block (2 degrees or 3 degrees) developed in 29 patients, nine with apparent cause and spontaneously in 20. Cumulative annual incidence of all heart block for 1--5 years was, respectively, 4%, 5.9%, 8.7%, 10.1% and 11.3%, and for spontaneous block was 2%, 3.1%, 5.2%, 6.7%, and 7.1%. Sites of spontaneous block were probably or definitely AV nodal in ten, His bundle in one, and trifascicular in nine. Cumulative incidence of AV block in surviving bifascicular block patients is 11% at 5 years, with 7% reflecting spontaneous block. The probable or definite site of AV block varies and is trifascicular in less than half of the patients. The small incidence of trifascicular block probably explains the difficulty in predicting this complication with electrophysiological studies.
Sinusoidal endothelial cells prevent rat stellate cell activation and promote reversion to quiescence
Authors: Laurie D. DeLeve, Xiangdong Wang, Yumei Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Capillarization precedes hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesize that capillarization of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) is permissive for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and therefore permissive for fibrosis. We examined whether freshly isolated SECs prevent activation of HSCs and promote reversion to quiescence, and whether this effect was lost in capillarization. HSCs were cultured alone or co-cultured with differentiated or capillarized SECs. Results: Co-culture with freshly isolated SECs markedly decreased HSC activation after 3 days in culture, but co-culture with capillarized SEC had no effect. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis abolished SEC suppression of HSC activation. Activated HSCs reverted to quiescence when co-cultured with SEC plus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (that is, with SECs that maintained differentiation), but co-culture with capillarized SECs did not. Reversion of activated HSCs to quiescence in the presence of SECs plus VEGF was abolished by inhibition of NO synthesis. To establish whether there was indeed reversion, activated and quiescent HSCs were counted before and 3 days after adding freshly isolated SECs plus VEGF to activated HSCs, and proliferation was quantified in quiescent HSCs; the stoichiometry demonstrated reversion. Conclusion: Differentiated SECs prevent HSC activation and promote reversion of activated HSCs to quiescence through VEGF-stimulated NO production. Capillarized SECs do not promote HSC quiescence, because of loss of VEGF-stimulated NO production. (Hepatology 2008.)
Decreased Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Is Associated with Metastatic Phenotype in Human and Rat Prostate Tumors
Authors: Sofia Halin, Pernilla Wikström, Stina Häggström Rudolfsson, Pär Stattin, Jennifer A. Doll, Susan E. Crawford, Anders Bergh
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Pigment epithelium-derived factor, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor in the eye, is also expressed in the prostate. Prostate size and angiogenesis is increased in pigment epithelium-derived factor knockout mice, and pigment epithelium-derived factor is down-regulated in some prostate cancers. To investigate whether pigment epithelium-derived factor expression correlates with tumor progression, we examined 5 Dunning rat prostate sublines with different growth rates, differentiation, androgen dependence, vascular density, and metastatic ability and 26 human prostate cancers of Gleason score 8-10 obtained from patients at transurethral resection selected to represent two groups, with and without metastases at diagnosis. By Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and immunostaining, pigment epithelium-derived factor was detected in highly differentiated, nonmetastatic, androgen-sensitive Dunning tumors and in the anaplastic, androgen insensitive but nonmetastatic Dunning tumors. In contrast, the metastatic Dunning tumor sublines showed very low pigment epithelium-derived factor expression levels. In human cancer tissues, by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, patients without metastases at diagnosis had higher tumor pigment epithelium-derived factor levels than tumors from patients with metastases at diagnosis. In both the rat model and in the human tumors, the proliferation index and vascular count, as determined by Ki-67 staining and endoglin and/or factor VIII-related antigen staining, inversely correlated with pigment epithelium-derived factor mRNA levels. These observations indicate that loss of pigment epithelium-derived factor expression could be associated with the progression toward a metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer.
Medical and surgical management of early Q wave myocardial infarction. I. Effects of surgical reperfusion on survival, recurrent myocardial infarction, sudden death and functional class at 10 or more years of follow-up
Authors: Marcus A. Dewood, Robert N. Notske, Ralph Berg, John H. Ganji, Carroll S. Simpson, Michael L. Hinnen, Samuel L. Selinger, Lloyd D. Fisher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
You Have No Idea
Authors: John J. Frey
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ADC-1013, an agonistic CD40 antibody optimized for local immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Sara M Mangsbo, Sissela Broos, Erika Gustafsson, Christina Furebring, Niina Veitonmäki, Eva Dahlen, Per Norlen, Malin Lindstedt, Thomas Tötterman, Peter Ellmark
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Local administration of immune activating antibodies may increase the efficacy and reduce the immune-related adverse events associated with systemic immunotherapy of cancer. Here we report the development of a fully human agonistic CD40 antibody (IgG1), ADC-1013, which has been
Identification of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis patients by recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus I/a-specific serology.
Authors: W H Nikolaizik, M Moser, R Crameri, S Little, J O Warner, K Blaser, M H Schöni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Before specific therapy, such as oral corticosteroids, can be commenced it is essential to distinguish full-blown allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) from allergy to A. fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For this purpose we have evaluated the diagnostic value of recombinant A. fumigatus allergen I/a (rAsp f I/a)-specific serology in 55 patients with CF. Based on clinical presentation and laboratory data, 10 CF patients had ABPA, 27 had Aspergillus allergy, and 18 were not allergic to A. fumigatus (CF control group). The serologic assays revealed a 10-fold increase in rAsp fI/a-specific IgE, a 5-fold increase in rAsp fI/a-specific IgG1, and a 4-fold increase in rAsp fI/a-specific IgG4 antibodies in ABPA patients compared with the Aspergillus allergy and CF control groups. Sera from 11 CF patients were analyzed without knowledge of their clinical state or diagnosis of ABPA. All ABPA patients (4 of 11) were accurately identified. We conclude that rAsp fI/a-specific serology is a highly sensitive and specific test that can be used to identify ABPA reliably in CF patients.
Too light to be essential? Insights from FHC-related mutations in essential myosin light chains
Authors: M. Kruger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘Mutations of ventricular essential myosin light chain disturb myosin binding and sarcomeric sorting’ by J. Lossie et al ., pp. 390–396, this issue. 

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an autosomal dominant disease affecting one in 500 individuals that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and myocyte disarray. Moreover, the disease is associated with arrhythmias and may progress to heart failure or sudden cardiac death, especially in young adults.1 Clinical diagnosis and genetic analysis of FHC have been performed over the past two decades, but the underlying pathomechanisms are still not entirely understood. FHC is a disease of the sarcomere caused by numerous mutations in proteins of the contractile machinery. Among them are the thin filament proteins troponin I and T; yet, the majority of FHC-related mutations have been identified in the genes of myosin heavy chain (MYH or MHC) and MHC-associated proteins such as myosin-binding protein C or myosin light chains.1,2

While the role of MHC in driving muscle contraction is well established, less is known about the physiological role of MHC-associated proteins. Studying FHC-related mutations in myosin-binding proteins therefore provides a chance to not only unravel the pathomechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathies but also to improve our basic understanding of the functional role of these proteins in the sarcomeric setting.

Lossie et al. …
Bronchoscopy in Hemoptysis
Authors: Francis O. Segarra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

AMONG the cardinal symptoms of respiratory disease, hemoptysis is, if not the most frequent, at least the most frightening experience and constitutes a stern warning for both patient and doctor. Years ago it was considered a certain sign of tuberculosis, especially in young people; it was recognized later as a possible sign of pulmonary cancer if the subject was relatively advanced in years. However, in a good many cases hemoptysis occurs without any apparent explanation.The present study is an attempt to correlate the result of bronchoscopy with abnormal x-ray findings in patients who have coughed up blood. Other variants, . . .