tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in serum and hepatic polyamine concentrations after 30%, 70% and 90% partial hepatectomy in rats
Authors: Gearld Y. Minuk, Tony Gauthier, Abraham Benarroch
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Polyamines have been reported to play an important role in stimulating hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy. To determine whether changes in systemic or hepatic polyamine concentrations correlate with the extent of the regenerative stimulus, serum and tissue putrescine, spermidine and spermine concentrations were determined in groups of adult male rats (n = 6 to 12/group) 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr after 30%, 70% or 90% partial hepatectomy. Serum putrescine levels were variably increased after partial hepatectomy and did not correlate with hepatic regenerative activity. Serum spermidine levels remained unaltered and spermine levels were undetectable both before and after partial hepatectomy. In hepatic tissue, only putrescine concentrations increased in proportion to the extent of hepatic resection. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between hepatic putrescine concentrations and restitution of liver mass (r = 0.778), DNA synthesis (r = 0.8026) and protein synthesis (r = 0.7034) (p &lt; 0.05). No significant correlations existed between hepatic spermidine or spermine concentrations and these parameters of hepatic regeneration. The results of this study support the hypothesis that hepatic putrescine plays an im portant role in stimulating hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy. (Hepatology 1990;12:542-546).
NEUROHORMONAL PROLIFE AND PROGNOSIS IN CHRONIC SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION OF RHEUMATIC ETIOLOGY - A 8 YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Ricardo S. Casalino, Guilherme Spina, Antonio C. Bacelar, Roney O. Sampaio, Flavio Tarasoutchi, Tarso Accorsi, Max Grinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use of HMOs
Authors: Richard P. Wersinger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Drs Jackson-Beeck and Kleinman present evidence of favorable self-selection among HMO enrollees in the Minneapolis area. Their findings, which have been supported in local studies, 1,2 will undoubtedly generate discussion between HMO advocates and opponents. But policymakers concerned with medical care cost containment must consider more than an enrollee's prior experience. The effectiveness of the HMO in controlling utilization immediately after the enrollee joins is a critical factor in judging the success of the HMO concept.  Several important points should be clarified regarding the study by Roghmann et al 1 cited by Jackson-Beeck and Kleinman. This study involved persons who joined each of three prepaid plans introduced in Rochester, NY, in 1973. The inpatient hospital utilization experience was analyzed for calendar year 1972 (one year prior to joining) and calendar years 1974 and 1975 (the two years after enrollment). The object of this study was to control
Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in north west Greece: rarity of Crohn's disease in an area where ulcerative colitis is common.
Authors: E V Tsianos, C N Masalas, M Merkouropoulos, G N Dalekos, R F Logan
Journal: Gut (1994)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are generally regarded as diseases of affluent societies of the Western World, although their frequency in less affluent areas is not well established. This retrospective study therefore, assesses the incidence of UC and CD in a semirural area of north west Greece during the 10 year period 1982-1991. By the 31 December 1991, 61 patients had met standard diagnostic criteria for UC (annual incidence 4.0/10(5), 95% confidence intervals 3.0 to 5.0/10(5)) and only five patients met the diagnostic criteria for CD (annual incidence 0.3/10(5), 95% confidence intervals 0.1 to 0.8/10(5)) in this area of 157,214 inhabitants. UC incidence was lowest in the first three years at 1.8/10(5) per annum and subsequently increased to 4.8 and 5.1/10(5) per annum for the successive four and three year periods respectively. UC incidence was slightly higher in men. A third of all cases of UC had pancolitis while a quarter had only proctitis. More than one half were categorised as having moderate or severe colitis. Three quarters of the patients resided in urban areas. The incidence of CD was a twelfth of the UC incidence, which is in considerable contrast with most Western countries where the incidence of CD is usually no less than a third that for UC. The rarity of CD points to the absence of aetiological environmental factors specific for CD.
Role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Alexandre R. Vieira, Jasim M. Albandar
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract This article critically reviews the evidence for a role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis and discusses the study approaches commonly used to identify genetic risk factors of this disease. Available data suggest that aggressive periodontitis is caused by mutations in multiple genes, combined with environmental effects. Syndromic periodontal diseases include certain monogenic disorders that express phenotypes showing aggressive forms of periodontitis, and the genetic triggering factors of most of these syndromes have been identified. Other periodontal disease phenotypes seem to occur through different genetic predisposition patterns. Case–control and genome‐wide studies have been used to investigate the association with gene polymorphisms. Association studies and the familial aggregation of aggressive periodontitis suggest a significant genetic component in the increased predisposition to this disease. There is evidence to support the contribution of a few major genes or of multiple small‐effects genes. In addition, there is evidence of gene–gene and gene–environment interaction effects. Early studies suggested an X ‐linked mode of transmission of aggressive periodontitis, and subsequent studies support an autosomal mode. Genetic studies have the potential to improve the screening programs of subjects at risk for developing aggressive periodontitis and may enhance treatment outcome through gene therapy.
Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial
Authors: C Williams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effectiveness of early treatment for amblyopia in children. <b>Design:</b> Follow up of outcomes of treatment for amblyopia in a randomised controlled trial comparing intensive orthoptic screening at 8, 12, 18, 25, 31, and 37 months (intensive group) with orthoptic screening at 37 months only (control group). <b>Setting:</b> Avon, southwest England. <b>Participants:</b> 3490 children who were part of a birth cohort study. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prevalence of amblyopia and visual acuity of the worse seeing eye at 7.5 years of age. <b>Results:</b> Amblyopia at 7.5 years was less prevalent in the intensive group than in the control group (0.6% <i>v</i> 1.8%; P=0.02). Mean visual acuities in the worse seeing eye were better for children who had been treated for amblyopia in the intensive group than for similar children in the control group (0.15 <i>v</i> 0.26 LogMAR units; P&lt;0.001). A higher proportion of the children who were treated for amblyopia had been seen in a hospital eye clinic before 3 years of age in the intensive group than in the control group (48% <i>v</i> 13%; P=0.0002). <b>Conclusions:</b> The intensive screening protocol was associated with better acuity in the amblyopic eye and a lower prevalence of amblyopia at 7.5 years of age, in comparison with screening at 37 months only. These data support the hypothesis that early treatment for amblyopia leads to a better outcome than later treatment and may act as a stimulus for research into feasible screening programmes. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Observational studies have produced conflicting results about whether early treatment for amblyopia gives better results than later treatment A recent systematic review highlighted the lack of high quality data available and recommended the cessation of preschool vision screening programmes This has led to fierce debate and to confusion about the provision of vision screening services <h3>What this study adds</h3> Children treated for amblyopia are four times more likely to remain amblyopic if they were screened at 37 months only than if they were screened repeatedly between 8 and 37 months Children screened early can see an average of one line more with their amblyopic eye after treatment than children screened at 37 months Early treatment is more effective than later treatment for amblyopia, supporting the principle of preschool vision screening
London hospital widens access to genetic tests for ovarian cancer
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Cancer experts at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London have proposed a new “oncogenetic” pathway that could allow more patients to have genetic tests to find out if they are susceptible to ovarian cancer.

During a six month pilot from July to December 2013, oncologists at the hospital offered 114 patients with ovarian cancer the test to establish whether they carried the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, which increases a woman’s susceptibility to the disease.

Identifying these gene mutations can influence decisions about patients’ treatment and can lead to their relatives taking action to prevent future cancers. But until now most centres have offered this test on the NHS only if patients have a strong family history of the disease, and …
Pathophysiology of Acute Myocardial Infarction, 1981
Authors: PHILIP B. OLIVA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Recent observations and discoveries necessitate reassessing the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. Platelet aggregability has been shown to be increased in patients with an acute myocardial infarction, and coronary arterial spasm has been documented by arteriography done just before and during the onset of infarction. These clinical observations have been complemented by the recent discovery of two potent substances; thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, which affect platelet aggregability and coronary arterial tone. These recent observations and discoveries are blended with older pathologic information to attain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. A dynamic interaction among damaged intima, platelet aggregates, and spasm is postulated to occur as a prelude to thrombosis in acute transmural myocardial infarction. Spasm appears to initiate the infarction process in some instances, but the exact sequence of events has not been established.
The Ability of Biomarkers to Predict Systemic Progression in Men with High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated Surgically Is Dependent on <i>ERG</i> Status
Authors: R. Jeffrey Karnes, John C. Cheville, Cristiane M. Ida, Thomas J. Sebo, Asha A. Nair, Hui Tang, Jan-Marie Munz, Farhad Kosari, George Vasmatzis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of the tumor protein levels of TOP2A and MIB-1 and ERG status with cancer-specific outcomes in men with high-risk prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy (RP). A 150-pair case-control study was designed from RP patients who developed systemic progression (SP) within 6 years of RP (cases) and men who were free of disease at least 8 years after RP (controls). The cases and controls were matched on conventional prognostic clinical parameters. TOP2A and MIB-1 levels were assessed by immunohistochemical methods, and ERG status was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The prognostic abilities of TOP2A and MIB-1 were significantly better in ERG(−) patients, and TOP2A was superior to MIB-1. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the TOP2A and MIB-1 scores exhibited AUCs of 0.81 and 0.78 for ERG(−) patients, versus 0.67 and 0.68 for ERG(+) patients, respectively. Clinical parameters attained an AUC of 0.65 in ERG(−) patients and 0.54 in ERG(+) patients. When both markers were incorporated into a model for ERG(−) patients, the AUC increased to 0.83, with TOP2A showing a stronger association with SP than MIB-1. The time to SP was significantly associated with TOP2A; higher 5-year SP rates were observed in patients with higher TOP2A protein levels. In addition, although patient numbers are small, the response to adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy is associated with ERG status, showing more significant treatment effect in ERG(+) patients. Cancer Res; 70(22); 8994–9002. ©2010 AACR.
Increasing Incidence of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors: Influence of Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Marie Desmeules, Tom Mikkelsen, Yang Mao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Increasing Incidence of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors: Influence of Diagnostic Methods Get access Marie Desmeules, Marie Desmeules Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tom Mikkelsen, Tom Mikkelsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yang Mao Yang Mao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 442–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.442 Published: 18 March 1992 Article history Received: 19 July 1991 Revision received: 14 November 1991 Accepted: 23 December 1991 Published: 18 March 1992
Tuberculosis and the Health Care Worker
Authors: Harold L. Israel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 June 1994Tuberculosis and the Health Care WorkerHarold L. Israel, MD, MPHHarold L. Israel, MD, MPHJefferson Medical College; Philadelphia, PA 19107Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Sepkowitz [1] has misconstrued the attitudes of health workers 60 years ago regarding the hazard of acquiring tuberculosis. Those of us [2, 3] who documented the incredibly high rate of infection among student nurses and young physicians knew that fatal tuberculosis was rare (Sepkowitz's Figure 1). Most physicians and nurses in tuberculosis hospitals had entered this field because they had acquired and recovered from this disease.At that time, the causes of the high tuberculosis morbidity and mortality were overcrowded tenements, alcoholism, and malnutrition because of poverty. The causes of the high morbidity and mortality in ...References1. Sepkowitz KA. Tuberculosis and the health care worker: A historical perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:71-9. Google Scholar2. Hetherington HW, Israel HL. Tuberculosis in medical students and young physicians: a study of the development of tuberculosis in 400 medical students observed for six to eight years after graduation. Am J Hygiene. 1940; 31:45-61. Google Scholar3. Israel HL, Hetherington HW, Ord JG. A study of tuberculosis among students of nursing. JAMA. 1941; 117:839-44. Google Scholar4. Frieden TR, Sterling T, Pablos-Mendez A, Kilburn JO, Cauthen GM, Dooley SW. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:521-6. Google Scholar5. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis morbidity—United States, 1992. JAMA. 1993; 270:1525. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jefferson Medical College; Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 11Page: 971KeywordsAIDSAlcoholismHealth care providersHospitalizationsIsoniazidMalnutritionMorbidityMortalityRisk managementTuberculosis Issue Published: 1 June 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract P3-01-07: Metformin has an additive effect to cisplatin in triple negative breast cancer cells with high lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) expression
Authors: N Harada, V Varghese, IA Tharayil, L Kenny
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background; Glycolysis is one of the major metabolic pathways in cancer cells. The conversion of glucose to lactate in the presence of oxygen is a critical aerobic pathway that allows cancer cells to proliferate rapidly and the amount of lactate produced is correlated with tumor aggressiveness. Moreover, the increase in glycolysis is partially mediated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) and a metabolic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB). However, the mechanism behind this metabolic shift is not well understood. Metformin reduces the overall risk of cancer incidence by 31%, improves cancer-related mortality and enhances response to chemotherapy in diabetic patients pre-operatively. This study aimed to evaluate metabolism in triple negative breast cancer. Methods; Breast cancer cell lines (estrogen receptor positive MCF7 and triple negative MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB468) were analysed for protein expression by western blotting and mRNA expression by qRT-PCR with or without cisplatin and metformin. To study the biological mechanism, we evaluated cell growth using proliferation assay in the presence of metformin and cisplatin. The contribution of LDHB to glycolysis was evaluated using MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB468 cell lines. Results; We first examined the basal expression levels of LDHB and HIF1a in these cancer cell lines. LDHB expression was high in MDA-MB 231, and HIF1α was high in MDA-MB468. Both metformin and cisplatin treatment resulted in the down-regulation of LDHB and HIF1α in MDA-MB231, metformin led to downregulation of LDHB in MDA-MB 468, while MCF7 demonstrated no significant changes. Inhibition of cell proliferation was dose-dependent and significant at low concentrations of cisplatin and metformin in only MDA-MB468 but not in MCF7 and MDA-MB231. The combination of cisplatin in with metformin had an added inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in these MD-MB231 cells. Conclusion; These studies suggest that combination treatment of metformin and cisplatin have potent anticancer activity in LDHB highly expressed triple negative breast cancer cells. Identification of a new targeted therapeutic approach could contribute to the new therapy to the breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-01-07.
Brain Stimulation, Learning, and Memory
Authors: Sandra E. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Advances in electrophysiology and high-resolution brain imaging have improved our understanding of the neural circuitry of episodic memory, including differential contributions of the hippocampus and the rhinal cortices. These advances are timely: the aging of the human population makes the elucidation of memory mechanisms in aging and dementia an urgent priority for neuroscience and global health.In this context, neurosurgeons and multidisciplinary scientific teams engaged in deep-brain stimulation for clinical treatment are strategically positioned to provide invaluable insight into memory networks in action.1 Taking a cue from research in animals showing that stimulation of the entorhinal perforant pathway improves memory, . . .
Pulmonary Vascular Destabilization in the Premetastatic Phase Facilitates Lung Metastasis
Authors: Yujie Huang, Nan Song, Yanping Ding, Shaopeng Yuan, Xuhui Li, Hongchen Cai, Hubing Shi, Yongzhang Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Before metastasis, certain organs have already been influenced by primary tumors. However, the exact alterations and regulatory mechanisms of the premetastatic organs remain poorly understood. Here, we report that, in the premetastatic stage, angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, and MMP10 are up-regulated in the lung by primary B16/F10 tumor, which leads to the increased permeability of pulmonary vasculatures and extravasation of circulating tumor cells. Subsequent studies show that Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10 have a synergistic effect on disrupting vascular integrity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Lentivirus-based in vivo RNA interference of Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10 attenuates the pulmonary vascular permeability and suppresses the infiltration of myeloid cells in the premetastatic lung. Moreover, knocking down these factors significantly inhibits the spontaneous lung metastasis in the model by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-231-Luc-D3H1 cells in nude mice. Further investigations reveal that the malignancy of tumor cells is positively correlated with their capabilities to induce the expression of Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also suggest that transforming growth factor-beta1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling are involved in the regulation of these premetastatic factors. Our study shows that pulmonary vascular destabilization in the premetastatic phase promotes the extravasation of tumor cells and facilitates lung metastasis, which may provide potential targets for clinical prevention of metastasis.
Scrotal Imaging Techniques-Reply
Authors: Bruce E. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  The work of Bird et al 1 was available to us only in abstract form before our article was published, but after reviewing the complete report, we still believe that the role of B-scan ultrasonography in the evaluation of the acute scrotum is unclear.  Any imaging technique used to evaluate acute scrotal swelling must allow diagnosis within the first few hours after the onset of symptoms and should accurately differentiate torsion from epididymitis involving the testicle (epididymo-orchitis). Bird et al made no attempt to separate acute torsion from epididymo-orchitis and other nonsurgical lesions. Since ten of the 12 testes they evaluated were necrotic, they also failed to demonstrate that they could diagnose torsion early and, as Dr Wosick noted, recommended Doppler studies or radionuclide scanning for early diagnosis. Other investigators have found it impossible to separate torsion from epididymo-orchitis using B-scan ultrasound. 2,3   Does this mean that B-scan
Collaboration between academia and industry is key to UK research success
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“We now have the technology to take on the really big questions,” Susan Greenfield, professor of synaptic pharmacology at the University of Oxford, has told a London meeting on the future of research in the United Kingdom.

Held on 24 March by the Westminster Education Forum, the meeting was intended to explore the value of research to the UK economy and to consider how that value could be boosted. But in her keynote speech Professor Greenfield also pointed to obstacles that still need to be negotiated. These were not all technical in nature, she said, but were more often “people problems.”

The big questions she …
BMA warns against letting patients have access to their electronic records
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Among the sirtuin enzymes, Sirt3 is one of the most important deacetylases as it regulates acetylation levels in mitochondria, which are linked to the metabolism of multiple organs and therefore involved in many types of age-related human diseases such as cancer, heart diseases and metabolic diseases. Given the dearth of direct activators of Sirt3, the identification of new modulators could be a key step in the development of new therapeutics. Here we report the discovery of Sirt3 modulators, including activators, through the use of DNA encoded library technology (DEL). The most enriched compounds after DEL selection against SIRT3 were evaluated according to their activity and affinity. Our best activator seems at least as potent as Honokiol (HKL) while the docking studies suggest that our modulators interact with Sirt3 at an atypical site. Our results establish the attractiveness of the DEL technology in identifying novel and potent Sirt3 activators and, therefore, in associated therapeutic applications.