tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Azathioprine in Refractory Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Leon N. Sussman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura often undergoes spontaneous remission, especially in the young. In patients with chronic conditions complete remissions are unusual. Splenectomy is a recognized therapeutic measure for the cases that fail to remit. However, in about 50% of adults and 10% of children, neither corticosteroids nor splenectomy is satisfactory. Long-term steroid therapy may have many undesirable and sometimes dangerous side effects. The immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (Imuran) was used in long-term management of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in eight cases. Three patients had undergone splenectomy with no improvement in their condition, and all had long-term corticosteroid therapy previously with occasional disastrous results (diabetes mellitus in two instances, collapsed vertebra in one, and psychic disturbance in another). Following the use of azathioprine, the results in seven of the eight patients were satisfactory.
Measurement of Total and Free Urinary Phenol and Paraben Concentrations over the Course of Pregnancy: Assessing Reliability and Contamination of Specimens in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Virginia T. Guidry, Matthew P. Longnecker, Heidi Aase, Merete Eggesbø, Pål Zeiner, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Gun P. Knudsen, Randi J. Bertelsen, Xiaoyun Ye, Antonia M. Calafat, Stephanie M. Engel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exposures to environmental phenols and parabens may be harmful, especially in utero. Prior studies have demonstrated high within-person variability of urinary concentrations across pregnancy.We sought to measure phenol and paraben biomarker concentrations for the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa) study, assess within-person variability, and investigate any possible external phenol or paraben contamination of specimens.We collected three spot urine samples at approximately 17, 23, and 29 weeks gestation in a hospital setting and added a preservative containing ethyl paraben. We measured urinary concentrations and within-person variability for phenols and parabens in a MoBa sample (n = 45), including a subgroup of 15 participants previously randomly selected for a bisphenol A (BPA) exposure study who had unusually high total BPA concentrations. Additionally, we compared reliability results for total, conjugated, and free concentrations of phenolic compounds.We detected total and free BPA, butyl paraben, propyl paraben, and methyl paraben in 100% of samples, total benzophenone-3 in 95% of samples, and infrequently detected free benzophenone-3 and total and free 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for total, conjugated, and free concentrations ranged from relatively low for BPA to moderate for propyl paraben. ICCs were generally similar overall and by subgroup.Using conjugated concentrations improved reliability estimates only for BPA. Measuring total and free concentrations, an approach that may be useful for future studies, allowed us to identify likely BPA and butyl paraben contamination of archived MoBa urine specimens.
Are breast-fed babies still getting a raw deal in hospital?
Authors: P. Culley, P. Milan, C. Roginski, J. Waterhouse, B. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1979)

After preliminary validation of test weighing under ward conditions the fluid intake and weight gain of 39 breast-fed and 25 artificially fed infants were compared. All were fed every four hours for six feeds a day, and the breast-fed infants received dextrose supplements only. The average intake and weight gain of the breast-fed group was significantly less than that of the group fed artificially. When cows9-milk supplements are withheld from breast-fed infants a four-hourly regimen provides insufficient stimulus to lactation for their needs in the first week of life. If more than lip service is to be paid to the mother who desires to breast-feed in hospital, early and more frequent feeding should be practised.
Can higher NHS spending in deprived areas reduce health inequalities?
Authors: A. Majeed, M. Soljak
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Yes, but housing, education, and employment matter too

Dealing with the health inequalities associated with socioeconomic status has been a longstanding objective of the National Health Service in England.1 In a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.g3231), Barr and colleagues examine the association between NHS resource allocation and changes in “mortality amenable to healthcare” in England.2

In 1999, the government introduced a new objective for the allocation of NHS resources in England, which was “to contribute to the reduction in avoidable health inequalities.”3 To help achieve this objective, a health inequalities component was introduced into the NHS resource allocation formula in 2002, which resulted in more rapid growth of NHS spending in deprived areas.

In their paper, Barr and colleagues suggest that the NHS funding formula for primary care trusts (now replaced by clinical commissioning groups) has contributed to a narrowing in the absolute differences in mortality amenable to healthcare between the most affluent and the most deprived local authorities in England. Between 2001 and 2011, NHS spending in the most deprived areas increased by 81% compared with 70% in the most affluent areas (from £1074 (€1319; $1806)/head to £1938/head …
Access and Outcomes of Elderly Patients Enrolled in Managed Care
Authors: Dolores G. Clement
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine differences in access to care and medical outcomes for Medicare patients with an acute or a chronic symptom who were enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) compared with similar fee-for-service (FFS) nonenrollees.A 1990 household telephone survey of Medicare beneficiaries who reported joint pain or chest pain during the previous 12 months.Stratified random sample of HMO enrollees (n = 6476) and comparable sample of FFS Medicare beneficiaries (n = 6381). ACCESS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Care-seeking behavior, physician visits, diagnostic procedures performed, therapeutic interventions prescribed, follow-up recommended by a physician, and symptom response to treatment.After controlling for demographic factors, health and functional status, and health behavior characteristics, HMO enrollees with joint pain (n = 2243) were more likely than nonenrollees (n = 2009) to have a physician visit (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.38) and medication prescribed (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.60). Patients with chest pain who were enrolled in HMOs (n = 556) were less likely than nonenrollees (n = 524) to have a physician visit (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.82). For both joint and chest pain, HMO enrollees were less likely to see a specialist for care, have follow-up recommended, or have their progress monitored. There were no differences in complete elimination of symptoms, but HMO enrollees with continued joint pain reported less symptomatic improvement than nonenrollees (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.86).Reduced utilization of services for patients with specific ambulatory conditions was observed in HMOs with Medicare risk contracts, with less symptomatic improvement in one of the four outcomes studied.
689 LACK OF INFLUENCE OF BASELINE GENOTYPE ON ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION RECEIVING TENOFOVIR DF 300 MG QD FOR 1 YEAR
Authors: E. Gane, Y. Benhamou, A. Gladysz, S. Zeuzem, G. Germanidis, J. Heathcote, P. Marcellin, J. Sorbel, K. Borroto-Esoda, F. Rousseau, A. Snow-Lampart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in <b> <i>p21</i> </b> and <b> <i>p21B</i> </b> Do Not Correlate with Resistance to Doxorubicin or Mitomycin and 5-Fluorouracil in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Vidar Staalesen, Beryl Leirvaag, Johan Richard Lillehaug, Per Eystein Lønning
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 acts as a main executor of p53-induced growth arrest. Recently, a second transcript, p21B, was found to code for a protein expressing proapoptotic activity. We investigated p21 and p21B for mutations and epigenetic silencing in locally advanced breast cancers treated with doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin and correlated our findings with treatment response and TP53 status. Experimental Design: We used reverse transcription-PCR to analyze p21/p21B mutation status in 73 breast cancer samples. The p21 promoter region was sequenced and analyzed for hypermethylations by methylation-specific PCR. In addition, a selection of patients were analyzed for mutations in the p21B promoter. Results: The p21 gene was neither mutated nor silenced by promoter hypermethylation in any of the tumors examined. One patient harbored a novel p21 splice variant in addition to the wild-type transcript. We observed two base substitutions in the p21 transcript, C93A and G251A, each affecting six patients (8.2%). The G251A variant had not been reported previously. In 12 patients (16.4%), we observed a novel base substitution, T35C, in p21B. All three base substitutions were observed in lymphocyte DNA and therefore considered polymorphisms. The polymorphisms did not correlate with p21 staining index, treatment response to doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin, or TP53 status. Conclusions: Our findings do not suggest that genetic or epigenetic disturbances in p21 or p21B cause resistance to doxorubicin or mitomycin/5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. Future studies should assess potential associations between these novel polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.
Netherlands faces measles epidemic
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Dutch health ministry is urging parents to ensure their children are vaccinated against measles as the latest figures indicate an epidemic spreading across the country that has not yet peaked.

The national bureau for the coordination of communicable disease control has reported 1750 cases since April, compared with just nine for 1998. Forty children have been admitted to hospital with serious complications, including encephalitis, pneumonia, and ear and eye infections; three children have died.

The epidemic has broken out despite a 96%take up of the national …
Elderly Survivors with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Graham R. Serjeant, Douglas R. Higgs, Ian R. Hambleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Prolonged survival in homozygous sickle cell disease is more common than previously thought. A Jamaican study1 in 1968 described 60 patients who were 30 years of age or older, and th...
Early Diagnosis of Hydatidiform Mole by Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Jason C. Birnholz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Arteriography is useful in evaluating trophoblastic tumors, though contraindicated when there is normal intrauterine pregnancy. Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive means of distinguishing fetus and hydatidiform mole after the fifth week of gestation. When used as the initial diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected mole, this technique is a reliable guide to the need for further roentgenographic examination.
Old Age and New Policy
Authors: Daniel Callahan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IN THE fall of 1987, the Reagan administration announced a 35.8% increase in the monthly Medicare Part B premium for 1988. This increase, from $17.90 to $22.80, was the largest annual rise in the history of the program. An increase of that size would have been expected to draw an instant protest. However, while there were groans from the elderly and others, it was as if a new realism had set in that protest would, in any case, do little good. The simple truth is that health care for the elderly is expensive, that it will become even more so in the years ahead, and that no quick solution is at hand. Expenditures for the elderly under the Medicare program have increased at an inflationary rate of approximately 8% for the past few years; this is a rate twice the general pace of inflation. Despite almost two decades of trying,
Death from Quinine Poisoning
Authors: C. K. Vartan, G. Discombe
Journal: BMJ (1940)

CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE FROM ANEURYSM IN CHIL-D ME BRITLSAL 525 of their developmental origin.Forbus has shown that the minute defects in the muscular coats of arteries which are frequently found at vessel junctions may be regarded as potential aneuLrysms.Whether such a defect develops.into an actual aneurysmal saccLular protrusion or not depends on the extent of the defect and conditions of blood pressure to which it is subjected.Whether such an aneurysm ruptures or not depends similarly on the blood pressure to which its wall is subjected and to the resistanice of that wall.Probably the size of the original defect has an influence on the thickness and iesistance of the wall of the saccular protrusion.Although we are unable to find any preceding record of a congenital aneurysm situated within the brain sub- stance, and although these lesions are doubtless much more often associated with the larger arteries at the base of the brain or in its principal fissures, our record demon- strates that such a lesion may occur.For the reasons mentioned above the incidence may be more frequent than the absen.e of recorded cases would suggest.A congenital intracerebral aneurysm is, moreover,-a possible cause of apoplexy to be reckoned with even in the case of a young child.
Cost-effectiveness of nationwide hepatitis B catch-up vaccination among children and adolescents in China
Authors: David W. Hutton, Samuel K. So, Margaret L. Brandeau
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Liver disease and liver cancer associated with childhood-acquired chronic hepatitis B are leading causes of death among adults in China. Despite expanded newborn hepatitis B vaccination programs, approximately 20% of children under age 5 years and 40% of children aged 5 to 19 years remain unprotected from hepatitis B. Although immunizing them will be beneficial, no studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B catch-up vaccination in an endemic country like China. We examined the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical nationwide free hepatitis B catch-up vaccination program in China for unvaccinated children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years. We used a Markov model for disease progression and infections. Cost variables were based on data published by the Chinese Ministry of Health, peer-reviewed Chinese and English publications, and the GAVI Alliance. We measured costs (2008 U.S. dollars and Chinese renminbi), quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective. Our results show that hepatitis B catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents in China is cost-saving across a range of parameters, even for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years old. We estimate that if all 150 million susceptible children under 19 were vaccinated, more than 8 million infections and 65,000 deaths due to hepatitis B would be prevented.The adoption of a nationwide free catch-up hepatitis B vaccination program for unvaccinated children and adolescents in China, in addition to ongoing efforts to improve birth dose and newborn vaccination coverage, will be cost-saving and can generate significant population-wide health benefits. The success of such a program in China could serve as a model for other endemic countries.
(27) Malignant atrophic papulosis
Authors: M.H.A. Rustin, T.W.E. Robinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (27) Malignant atrophic papulosis Get access M.H.A. Rustin, M.H.A. Rustin University College Hospital, London WC1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.W.E. Robinson T.W.E. Robinson University College Hospital, London WC1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13042.x Published: 01 July 1985
Long-term Delivery of Nerve Growth Factor by Encapsulated Cell Biodelivery in the Göttingen Minipig Basal Forebrain
Authors: Lone Fjord-Larsen, Philip Kusk, Jens Tornøe, Bengt Juliusson, Malene Torp, Carsten R Bjarkam, Mette S Nielsen, Aase Handberg, Jens Christian H Sørensen, Lars U Wahlberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents cholinergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improves memory in AD animal models. In humans, the safe delivery of therapeutic doses of NGF is challenging. For clinical use, we have therefore developed an encapsulated cell (EC) biodelivery device, capable of local delivery of NGF. The clinical device, named NsG0202, houses an NGF-secreting cell line (NGC-0295), which is derived from a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line, stably genetically modified to secrete NGF. Bioactivity and correct processing of NGF was confirmed in vitro. NsG0202 devices were implanted in the basal forebrain of Göttingen minipigs and the function and retrievability were evaluated after 7 weeks, 6 and 12 months. All devices were implanted and retrieved without associated complications. They were physically intact and contained a high number of viable and NGF-producing NGC-0295 cells after explantation. Increased NGF levels were detected in tissue surrounding the devices. The implants were well tolerated as determined by histopathological brain tissue analysis, blood analysis, and general health status of the pigs. The NsG0202 device represents a promising approach for treating the cognitive decline in AD patients. Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents cholinergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improves memory in AD animal models. In humans, the safe delivery of therapeutic doses of NGF is challenging. For clinical use, we have therefore developed an encapsulated cell (EC) biodelivery device, capable of local delivery of NGF. The clinical device, named NsG0202, houses an NGF-secreting cell line (NGC-0295), which is derived from a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line, stably genetically modified to secrete NGF. Bioactivity and correct processing of NGF was confirmed in vitro. NsG0202 devices were implanted in the basal forebrain of Göttingen minipigs and the function and retrievability were evaluated after 7 weeks, 6 and 12 months. All devices were implanted and retrieved without associated complications. They were physically intact and contained a high number of viable and NGF-producing NGC-0295 cells after explantation. Increased NGF levels were detected in tissue surrounding the devices. The implants were well tolerated as determined by histopathological brain tissue analysis, blood analysis, and general health status of the pigs. The NsG0202 device represents a promising approach for treating the cognitive decline in AD patients.
Nicotine Chewing Gum
Authors: Robert W. Johnson, Daniel Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Nicotine Chewing GumROBERT W. JOHNSON, M.D., DANIEL LEVINE, M.D.ROBERT W. JOHNSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DANIEL LEVINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-566_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Blum (1) noted in his editorial that the Drug Abuse Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration "did not challenge the accepted central role of nicotine in the dependence-producing process." He then suggested, "If smoking were primarily a nicotine addiction, cigarette manufacturers would be foolish to spend enormous amounts of money on advertising . . . to aim at an already 'hooked' population." We agree that "nicotine gum . . . is by no means a panacea" (1). However, the statement made by Dr. Blum may be misleading to physicians concerned about the role of...References1. BLUM A. Nicotine chewing gum and the medicalization of smoking [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:121-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RAW M. The treatment of cigarette dependence. In: ISRAEL Y, GLASER FB, KALANT H, POPHAM RE, SCHMIDT W, SMART RG, eds. Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. Vol. 4. New York: Plenum Press; 1978;441-85. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. JARVIK M. Biological Factors Underlying the Smoking Habit. Washington D.C.: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1977:122-46. (NIDA Research Monograph Series 17.) Google Scholar4. SCHNEIDERJARVIKFORSYTHEREADELLIOTTSCHWEIGER NMALMA. Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Addict Behav. 1983;8:253-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RUSSELL M. The smoking habit and its classification. Practitioner. 1974;212:791-800. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. BLUM A. Nicotine chewing gum and the medicalization of smoking [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:121-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FEESTEWART WM. A controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in a smoking withdrawal clinic. Practitioner. 1982;226:148-51. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. JARVISRAWRUSSELLFEYERABEND MMMC. Randomised controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum. Br Med J 1982;285:537-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Comparison of four methods of smoking withdrawal in patients with smoking related diseases. Br Med J. 1983;286:595-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WESTLING H. Experience with nicotine-containing chewing gum in smoking cessation. Läkartidningen. 1976;73:2549-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 566-566KeywordsDrug abuseFood and Drug AdministrationNicotineNicotine addiction Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pharmacokinetic analysis and tissue distribution of Vam3 in the rat by a validated LC-MS/MS method
Authors: Ruixia Zhang, Ping Mao, Tingting Zhang, Chen Ma, Bo Jin, Tong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Vam3 is a potential pharmacologically active ingredient isolated from Vitis amurensis Rupr. A rapid, simple and sensitive method to determine Vam3 levels in rat plasma and tissue was developed based on LC-MS/MS. Vam3 and an internal standard (IS) were chromatographed on a C18 short column with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water by gradient elution. MS detection was performed by electrospray ionization in negative ion multiple reaction-monitoring modes. This method monitored the transitions m/z 451.0→345.0 and m/z 301.0→164.0 for Vam3 and IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 1.64-1000 ng/mL. The inter-day and intra-day variabilities in precision was less than 12.8%, while the inter-day and intra-day accuracies ranged from -10.60% to 9.08% in plasma and tissue homogenates. This method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Vam3 in rats. The results indicated that Vam3 had poor absorption into systemic circulation and extensive tissue distribution after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was low (0.79%). Vam3 had a relatively long terminal elimination half-life in lung, and the highest concentration was found in small intestinal tissue. The developed method and the pharmacokinetic data can provide a basis for further studies on the bioactivity of Vam3.