tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Il cancro dell'utero dalla macroscopia all'ultrastruttura
Authors: M. Edward Davis
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The great strides that have been made in our knowledge of cancer of the uterus have resulted in a voluminous literature about every facet of this problem. This new monograph, prepared by 2 outstanding scholars in the field, provides a "new look" into our knowledge and a report of interesting studies in progress in the institution with which the authors are connected. The book is divided into 4 sections dealing with the following subjects: (1) carcinoma of the portio vaginalis, (2) cancer of the uterine canal, endocervical and endometrial, (3) electron microscopy studies of the normal and neoplastic aspects of the portio and endometrium, and (4) conclusions and reflections. The first section makes up about half the book and is largely concerned with diagnostic methods in use today for the study of the portio vaginalis. Normal and abnormal features of the portio are described and profusely illustrated by outstanding photomicrographs,
The Mexico Summit on Health Research 2004
Authors: Tikki Pang
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Three issues raised by Abbasi in his editorial on the recently concluded Ministerial Summit on Health Research in Mexico deserve comment.1

Firstly, Abbasi laments the lack of translatable actions but did not mention additional action items. These were related to a call to donors for more substantive support for health systems research, a call to governments to allocate a certain percentage of national health expenditures to research, and a call to work more closely with countries to use evidence better in health decision making.

Secondly, he was critical of the Mexico agenda, which he states was “drafted largely by representatives of the rich.” It should be pointed out that the development of the agenda was informed by wide ranging consultations and meetings in all WHO regions which involved researchers, policy makers, and non-governmental organisations. Ultimately, the agenda will be discussed at the governing bodies of the WHO where all member states will have a chance to comment and take ownership.

Thirdly, to state that “everything under the sun” was tied to the millennium development goals is not correct. The agenda clearly acknowledges the importance of other communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, sexual and reproductive health, injuries, violence, and mental ill health. Together with its member states the WHO is committed to translating the agenda into measurable actions.
Videotape Aids Informed Consent Decision
Authors: Galen L. Barbour
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Obtaining informed consent for clinical investigations represents a major legal, ethical, and moral consideration in human experimentation. Mechanisms for informing the patient vary widely, and usually no system exists to confirm the degree of information retained by the patient. A Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, begun in 1975, has used a videotape information package in addition to a standard written consent form to ensure uniformity. Each presentation was followed by a questionnaire to assess the amount of material learned before attempting randomization. Repeated showings were occasionally necessary and did not affect the rate of randomization. A videotape presentation, especially in cooperative studies, ensures uniformity, makes allowance for varying educational levels of patients, and provides documentation of the degree of informed consent.
Propranolol and thyroid surgery.
Authors: R L Ward, W G Paley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

some studies.As an example of a possible relationship between malignant lymphoma and PMR on this ground they refer to a case described by usI in which malignant lymphoma occurred four years after the diagnosis of PMR was made.Among our 54 patients with PMR we have recently reported another case', in which chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed five years after the onset of typical PMR.In this patient lymphocytic infiltration was detected in renal, liver, and muscle biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis of PMR, when the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow was normal.The significance of the combination of the two diseases in this patient is unclear.It may simply be the coincidental coexistence of two diseases, both relatively common in elderly people.However, the clinical course does point to a more direct relationship.Histocompatibility antigens have been studied in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia, but, so far as I know, no increase in any specific HLA haplotype has been shown.
Mechanism of valvular incompetence in aortic sinus dilatation
Authors: B. J. BELLHOUSE, F. BELLHOUSE, J. A. ABBOTT, L. TALBOT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

A series of model experiments demonstrated that aortic sinus dilatation results in diastolic valvular incompetence only when compensatory valvular elongation was insufficient mechanically to effect valve coaptation. Since abnormalities of fluid dynamics were not responsible for leakage, simple restriction of the aortic root by a ligature could abort the aortic incompetence.
TUBERCULOSIS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PREVENTION
Authors: J. W. S. Blacklock
Journal: BMJ (1936)

In the child as compared with the adult the uncom- p icated character of disease makes it easier to find the initial lesion, to follow its course, to interpret the patho- logical changes, and thus often to assess the aetiological factor.This is true of many diseases in childhood-for example, nephritis, rheumatism, pulmonary and intestinal diseases, and, in particular, tuberculosis, in which the initial infection occurs nearly always on a virgin soil.Thus the lesion produced is not affected by the allergy or immunity caused by previous tuberculous disease.Further, the child's organs-lungs, intestines, and lyin- phoid tissue-unlike those of the adult, have not under- gone morbid anatomical change as a result of more or less severe non-specific inflammatory conditions which may influence the progress and the results of tuberculous infection. General Incidence and MortalityI have investigated 434 cases with tuberculous lesions found in a series of 3,000 necropsies during the last twelve years at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow.Some of the results have already been reported,' 2 and in this paper these earlier results are included with later observations.It is evident from Table I that the inci-TABLE I.-Izcidenice of Cases with Tuberculous Lesions in 3,000 Necropsies; Incidence of Positive Mantoax Tests in CliMical Series.Cases with Tuberculous Lesion Tuherculin
Systematic review of publication bias in studies on publication bias
Authors: Hans-Hermann Dubben, Hans-Peter Beck-Bornholdt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Objective</h3> The purposes of this feasibility study were to assess: (1) the potential utility of early brain MRI in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia; (2) whether early MRI predicts later brain injury observed in these newborns after hypothermia has been completed; and (3) whether early MRI indicators of brain injury in these newborns represent reversible changes. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> All consecutive asphyxiated term newborns meeting the criteria for therapeutic hypothermia were enrolled prospectively. Each newborn underwent one or two early MRI scans while receiving hypothermia, on day of life (DOL) 1 and DOL 2–3 and also one or two late MRI scans on DOL 8–13 and at 1 month of age. <h3>Results</h3> 37 MRI scans were obtained in 12 asphyxiated neonates treated with induced hypothermia. Four newborns developed MRI evidence of brain injury, already visible on early MRI scans. The remaining eight newborns did not develop significant MRI evidence of brain injury on any of the MRI scans. In addition, two patients displayed unexpected findings on early MRIs, leading to early termination of hypothermia treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MRI scans obtained on DOL 2–3 during hypothermia seem to predict later brain injuries in asphyxiated newborns. Brain injuries identified during this early time appear to represent irreversible changes. Early MRI scans might also be useful to demonstrate unexpected findings not related to hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy, which could potentially be exacerbated by induced hypothermia. Additional studies with larger numbers of patients will be useful to confirm these results.
Significance of non-pathogenic cross reactive bowel flora in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: L E McGuigan, J K Prendergast, A F Geczy, J P Edmonds, H V Bashir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

We have previously shown that antisera raised in rabbits to certain enteric cross reactive strains of bacteria are capable of specifically lysing the peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (B27+ AS+). We now report that bacteria with cross reactive antigenic determinants are found in the bowel flora of all of 52 B27+ AS+ patients but in only one of 50 HLA-B27 positive normal controls (B27+ AS-). These organisms are functionally similar to the cross reactive enteric bacteria originally reported. They are not confined to a particular genus or species and their cross reactive serological nature appears to be a property shared by all enteric organisms isolated from B27+ AS+ patients. Organisms with these properties have been shown to persist in the bowel flora of 14 B27+ AS+ patients followed up for more than one year.
Association between HLA-BW40 and alcoholic liver disease with cirrhosis.
Authors: H Bell, R Nordhagen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

extent in bone osteoclasts.In our patients, who had apathetic hyperthyroidism with low concentrations of serum magnesium and high ones of alkaline phosphatase which reverted to normal after three months' treatment, the interesting aspect is the possible role of hypomagnesaemia in producing this type of hyperthyroidism.
A shaggy dog story
Authors: O. L. Bon, P. Linkowski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Our 35 year old patient has severe excessive daytime sleepiness, resulting from a combination of narcolepsy, sleep apnoea, and hypopnea syndrome. She also had bipolar disorder and a body mass index of 34. Sleep attacks occurred three to six times a day. When she was depressed, she slept up to 16 hours a day.

Until recently, this severe sleepiness considerably hampered her social life …
Oral contraceptives and thromboembolism.
Authors: D. L. Crombie, K. W. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1969)

With regard to the "popular fallacies," it is probable that cephalopelvic disproportion is less common in Dublin than in some centres in Great Britain.During 19101 4,449 deliveries occurred in the combined extern and intern departments of the Rotunda Hospital.2There were five caesarean sections, the forceps rate was 3 6%, the stillbirth rate 3-2%, and the hos- pital perinatal mortality rate was 4-8%.Such
Targeting latent TGFβ release in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ermelinda Ceco, Sasha Bogdanovich, Brandon Gardner, Tamari Miller, Adam DeJesus, Judy U. Earley, Michele Hadhazy, Lucas R. Smith, Elisabeth R. Barton, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Elizabeth M. McNally
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Blocking cleavage of latent TGFβ binding protein 4, a modifier of muscular dystrophy in humans and mice, inhibits release of latent TGFβ and decreases pathology in muscular dystrophy.
Role of Mechanotransduction in Vascular Biology
Authors: Jay D. Humphrey, Martin A. Schwartz, George Tellides, Dianna M. Milewicz
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Thoracic aortic diseases that involve progressive enlargement, acute dissection, or rupture are influenced by the hemodynamic loads and mechanical properties of the wall. We have only limited understanding, however, of the mechanobiological processes that lead to these potentially lethal conditions. Homeostasis requires that intramural cells sense their local chemomechanical environment and establish, maintain, remodel, or repair the extracellular matrix to provide suitable compliance and yet sufficient strength. Proper sensing, in turn, necessitates both receptors that connect the extracellular matrix to intracellular actomyosin filaments and signaling molecules that transmit the related information to the nucleus. Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are associated with poorly controlled hypertension and mutations in genes for extracellular matrix constituents, membrane receptors, contractile proteins, and associated signaling molecules. This grouping of factors suggests that these thoracic diseases result, in part, from dysfunctional mechanosensing and mechanoregulation of the extracellular matrix by the intramural cells, which leads to a compromised structural integrity of the wall. Thus, improved understanding of the mechanobiology of aortic cells could lead to new therapeutic strategies for thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.
Normalization of raised sodium absorption and raised calcium-mediated chloride secretion by adenovirus-mediated expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in primary human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.
Authors: L G Johnson, S E Boyles, J Wilson, R C Boucher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Cystic fibrosis airway epithelia exhibit a spectrum of ion transport properties that differ from normal, including not only defective cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion, but also increased Na+ absorption and increased Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion. In the present study, we examined whether adenovirus-mediated (Ad5) transduction of CFTR can correct all of these CF ion transport abnormalities. Polarized primary cultures of human CF and normal nasal epithelial cells were infected with Ad5-CBCFTR at an moi (10(4)) which transduced virtually all cells or Ad5-CMV lacZ as a control. Consistent with previous reports, Ad5-CBCFTR, but not Ad5-CMV lacZ, corrected defective CF cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion. Basal Na+ transport rates (basal Ieq) in CF airway epithelial sheets (-78.5 +/- 9.8 microA/cm2) were reduced to levels measured in normal epithelial sheets (-30.0 +/- 2.0 microA/cm2) by Ad5-CBCFTR (-36.9 +/- 4.8 microA/cm2), but not Ad5-CMV lacZ (-65.8 +/- 6.1 microA/cm2). Surprisingly, a significant reduction in delta Ieq in response to ionomycin, a measure of Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion, was observed in CFTR-expressing (corrected) CF epithelial sheets (-6.9 +/- 11.8 microA/cm2) when compared to uninfected CF epithelial sheets (-76.2 +/- 15.1 microA/cm2). Dose response effects of Ad5-CBCFTR on basal Na+ transport rates and Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion suggest that the mechanism of regulation of these two ion transport functions by CFTR may be different. In conclusion, efficient transduction of CFTR corrects hyperabsorption of Na+ in primary CF airway epithelial cells and restores Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion to levels observed in normal airway epithelial cells. Moreover, assessment of these ion transport abnormalities may represent important endpoints for testing the efficacy of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis.
β2-Microglobulin and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Low-Incidence Area
Authors: Amichai Schattner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Zolla-Pazner et al<sup>1</sup>impressively demonstrates the value of a simple determination—β<sub>2</sub>M in serum—as a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of AIDS and for evaluating early suspected cases and members of populations at risk. The authors point out that increased serum β<sub>2</sub>M levels are by no means specific to AIDS and can be found in various other diseases, notably autoimmune diseases and viral infections. However, they fail to consider the possible significance of interferon, levels of which often are increased in these conditions as well<sub>2,3</sub>and may be causally related to the elevated β<sub>2</sub>M levels observed. Interferons are now known to have varied and extensive immunomodulatory effects. Important among them is a marked and rapid increase of the surface histocompatibility antigens and of their subunit—the β<sub>2</sub>M.<sup>4</sup>β<sub>2</sub>-Microglobulin has been shown to increase
Economics and the fundamental principles of the NHS.
Authors: N. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1992)

in communicable disease control.The control of major outbreaks has many similarities to the control of chemical incidents.There is often a similar sense of urgency and public alarm.Also, consultants in communicable disease control still often act as advisers on environmental health and toxicological issues to local authorities.These consultants should participate in planning for, and controlling, major releases of chemicals.Improving training in this subject for consultants in communicable disease control should be a high priority.
Influence of Felodipine and Verapamil on the Sympathetic Transmitter Release and on the Pre- and Post-Junctional Effects of Exogenous Noradrenaline in the Perfused Rat Kidney
Authors: Eno J. Peter, Marie L. Steenberg, Mustafa F. Lokhandwala, Bhagavan S. Jandhyala, Douglas C. Eikenburg
Journal: Drugs (1985)
Glioma Therapies: How to Tell Which Work?
Authors: James R. Perry, J. Gregory Cairncross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.885 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12913102 Glioma Therapies: How to Tell Which Work? James R. PerryxJames R. PerrySearch for articles by this author , J. Gregory CairncrossxJ. Gregory CairncrossSearch for articles by this author Show More 1Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto and Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.885 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Diagnosis and Treatment of Carotid Artery Disease: With Special Emphasis on Noninvasive Diagnosis and Surgical Technique
Authors: Carl E. Bredenberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Carotid bifurcation endarterectomy is currently the single most common vascular reconstruction performed in the United States. The second edition of this monograph is a timely summary of the subject. The book is clearly written and easily read. The management approaches advocated are well balanced and documented. This is an excellent book for both the surgical resident and the vascular surgeon. The pathophysiology of extracranial disease as well as the clinical evaluation of the patient are nicely summarized. Noninvasive laboratory evaluation has been brought up-to-date with the addition of a discussion of real time B-mode imaging of the carotid artery combined with Doppler spectrum analysis of the flow signal in the carotid arteries (duplex scanning). The authors emphasize that noninvasive testing is most useful in patients without symptoms or with obscure symptoms since classic ischemic symptoms usually indicate arteriography. They also emphasize that the role of the laboratory in the asymptomatic
The Olympics and Sports Medicine
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (1995)

No athlete is crowned but in the sweat of his brow. St Jerome, c 342-420 In July 1996, more than 10 000 of the world's finest athletes representing nearly 200 nations will compete in the Games of the XXVIth Olympiad in Atlanta, Ga. In recognition of the centennial of the modern Olympic Games, the editors ofThe Journalwill devote an issue to the Olympics and sports medicine. This issue, which will be published to coincide with the 1996 Summer Games, follows previous<i>JAMA</i>Olympics issues published in conjunction with the 1968,<sup>1</sup>1972,<sup>2</sup>1976,<sup>3</sup>and 1984<sup>4</sup>Olympic Games. The modern Olympic motto, Citius, Altius, Fortius ("swifter, higher, stronger"), accurately describes the progressively superior performance accomplished by successive generations of Olympians.<sup>5</sup>In competition during the 1996 Olympic Games, elite athletes will test themselves in supreme physical, mental, and emotional challenges that, for some, undoubtedly will culminate
Long‐term effect of the complement inhibitor eculizumab on kidney function in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Peter Hillmen, Modupe Elebute, Richard Kelly, Alvaro Urbano‐Ispizua, Anita Hill, Russell P. Rother, Gus Khursigara, Chieh‐Lin Fu, Mitsuhiro Omine, Paul Browne, Wendell Rosse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease in which lysis of PNH red blood cells frequently manifests with chronic hemolysis, anemia, and thrombosis. Renal damage in PNH is associated with chronic hemosiderosis and/or microvascular thrombosis. We determined the incidence of renal dysfunction or damage, defined by stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in a large cohort of PNH patients and evaluated the safety and efficacy of the complement inhibitor eculizumab in altering its progression. Renal dysfunction or damage was observed in 65% of the study population at baseline with 21% of patients with later stage CKD or kidney failure (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <or=60 ml/min/1.73 m(2); Stage 3, 4, or 5). Eculizumab treatment was safe and well-tolerated in patients with renal dysfunction or damage and resulted in the likelihood of improvement as defined as categorical reduction in CKD stage (P < 0.001) compared with baseline and to placebo (P = 0.04). Improvement in renal function was more commonly seen in patients with baseline CKD Stages 1-2 (67.1% improvement, P < 0.001) although improvement was also observed in patients with CKD Stages 3-4 (P = 0.05). Improvements occurred quickly and were sustained for at least 18 months of treatment. Patients categorized at CKD Stages 3-5 did not worsen during treatment with eculizumab. Overall, 40 (21%) of 195 patients who demonstrated renal dysfunction or damage at baseline were no longer classified as such after 18 months of treatment. Administration of eculizumab to patients with renal dysfunction or damage was well tolerated and was usually associated with clinical improvement.
The development of T and non-T cell lineages from CD34+ human thymic precursors can be traced by the differential expression of CD44.
Authors: C Márquez, C Trigueros, E Fernández, M L Toribio
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

In addition to T-lineage cells, a small proportion of hematopoietic non-T cells are present in the human postnatal thymus. However, the origin of this minor non-T cell thymic compartment is presently unknown. In this study we have analyzed the developmental potential of the earliest human intrathymic precursors, characterized as CD34+ cells expressing intermediate levels of CD44. We show that these CD34+CD44int thymocytes cultured with interleukin 7 were able to develop simultaneously into both T- and non-T (monocytes and dendritic cells) -lineage cells. Both developmental pathways progress through a CD1+CD4+ intermediate stage, currently believed to be the immediate precursor of double positive thymocytes. However, separate progenitors for either T or non-T cells could be characterized within CD1+CD4+ thymocytes by their opposite expression of CD44. Downregulated levels of CD44 identified CD1+CD4+ T-lineage precursors, whereas CD44 upregulation occurred on CD1+CD4+ intermediates that later differentiated into non-T cells. Therefore, commitment of human early intrathymic precursors to either T or non-T cell lineages can be traced by the differential expression of the CD44 receptor.