tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Sedimentation Behavior and Ultrastructure of Platelets in Hyperlipidemia
Authors: JEAN W. SALEH, SAMI A. HASHIM
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The influence of hyperlipidemia on platelet sedimentation behavior and ultrastructure was studied in samples of plasma obtained from 22 normal subjects, 7 patients with Type II and 12 patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, all fasting; also from 11 normal subjects prior to and at intervals up to 6 hours following ingestion of a meal containing 65 g of fat. Platelet counts were made on mixed platelet rich plasma after centrifugation of whole blood at 1,000 rpm, on top plasma layers after high speed centrifugation (10,000 rpm), and on the sediments resuspended in imidazole buffer. The mean ± se number of platelets per mm 3 in top layer among normal, Type II and Type IV plasmas were 4,090 ± 405; 9,000 ± 70, and 21,500 ± 1,950, respectively. The rise and subsequent fall in plasma triglycerides in response to fat ingestion in normal subjects paralleled those of platelets in the top layers. No such correlation was found with plasma cholesterol. The presence of platelets in the top layers of plasma was demonstrated further by electron microscopy. The buoyant platelets revealed the presence of osmophilic (lipid) particles within their open canalicular system, and pseudopod formation. The sedimented platelets from normal subjects had a smooth contour, whereas those from patients with hyperlipidemia displayed a striking formation of pseudopods. The data suggest that the sedimentation behavior of platelets and their normal structure are altered significantly as they interact with abnormal concentrations of plasma lipoproteins.
Acute lymphangitic nocardiasis
Authors: E. GEZUELE, I.A. CONTI-DIAZ, F. BURGOA, ANA C. JIMENEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The third case of lymphangitic nocardiasis caused by Nocardia brasiliensis to be recorded in Uruguay is presented. The clinical picture showed some of the features of sporotrichosis, but it was more acute, the nodules developing rapidly into abscesses. A review of eight similar cases, reported previously, reveals that N. brasiliensis was properly identified in five of them. All cases were localized on the upper limbs, and granules were not seen on direct examination. Mycetomas caused by N. brasiliensis have not been observed in Uruguay.
Munchausen Syndrome: Blood Bank Variety
Authors: Lewis G. Lefer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following case report shows a bizarre sequence of events that should alert blood bank personnel and blood bank directors to what we believe constitutes a new variety of the Munchausen syndrome with grave medicolegal implications. On April 23, 1977, a male patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He was jaundiced at the time of admission and had abnormal liver function tests and HB<sub>s</sub>Ag positive serum. The patient was hospitalized previously on Jan 4, 1977, for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, for which he had received three units of blood. Investigation of blood bank records showed that all three of the donors were HB<sub>s</sub>Ag negative. Two of the donors had donated blood several times with no sequelae; both returned to the hospital blood bank for a repeated HB<sub>s</sub>Ag test, which was negative. The third donor was
Maximum Breathing Capacity Testing
Authors: Terence T. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To  Editor.—  Most lung function laboratories, including those in countries where there is an appreciable emigration to America, are frequently requested to carry out spirometric studies for  evaluation of pulmonary disability according to Social Security Regulations issued by  US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (No. 4 Subpart P).  The two measurements that are requested are  one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ), and either  maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) or  maximum breathing capacity (MBC). The regulations state that, the MVV or  MBC reported should represent  observed value and should not be calculated from  FEV 1 .  The usual method of performing a test for  MBC is for  subject to breathe as hard and as fast as possible, and  test is continued for 10 to 30 seconds. 1 Other workers have proposed that  term should be reserved for  theoretical
Nonspecific activation of murine lymphocytes. VI. Mediation of synergistic interaction between T and B lymphocytes by a cell-associated, reciprocally acting lymphocyte proliferation helper.
Authors: M G Goodman, W O Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The mechanism by which B and T lymphocytes interact synergistically in the proliferative response to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) as a mitogen was investigated in cultures of C3H/St spleen cells. The interaction between these cells required physical contact between the collaborating cell types, and was not mediated by the release of a soluble factor into the culture supernate. Sonicates of spleen cells which had been activated with optimal concentrations of 2-ME for 24 h and then washed extensively, stimulated the uptake of tritiated thymidine and morphological blast transformation of fresh, unstimulated cells. This activity was found to reside within the soluble fraction of the activated cells, and to activate cells optimally at a ratio of 1 naive cell: 1 activated cell-equivalent. This reciprocally-acting lymphocyte proliferation helper (RALPH) activity was produced by B cells as well as by T cells, with a kinetic peak at 48 h of culture. RALPH activity was produced by viable but not by nonviable cells incubated with 2-ME, and was nondialyzable. It could not be induced by the B-cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid, or purified protein derivative of tuberculin, or by the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. RALPH isolated from T cells activated B cells exclusively, while that from B cells acted predominantly upon T cells, possibly with a nonspecific effect on B cells. A model for the cellular interactions involved in the amplification of the proliferative response to 2-ME is described.
The Diagnostic Precision of Cardiac Catheterization and Cinefluorographic Technics in Congenital Heart Disease.
Authors: H. D. McIntosh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961The Diagnostic Precision of Cardiac Catheterization and Cinefluorographic Technics in Congenital Heart Disease.H. D. McIntosh, M.D., (Assoc.), R. E. Whalen, M.D., R. R. Hernandez, M.D., J. J. Morris, M.D., W. C. Sealy, M.D.H. D. McIntosh, M.D., (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, R. E. Whalen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. R. Hernandez, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. J. Morris, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. C. Sealy, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1037_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis report contrasts the diagnostic precision of cardiac catheterization technics with selective cinefluorography in 37 consecutive patients with suspected congenital heart disease and demonstrates the increased diagnostic precision gained by combining the technics in the individual patient.The complete diagnosis was correctly determined preoperatively by combined study in 13 of the 14 patients operated upon. Neither technic completely diagnosed a cor triatiorium with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Of these 13 patients the precise diagnosis could be established solely by catheterization in 11 and solely by cinefluorography in eight. Catheterization studies failed to distinguish a coronary A-V fistula from other causes... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, N. C. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1037-1037KeywordsCatheterizationCongenital heart diseaseFistulasHeart diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Serum transaminase levels after experimental paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis.
Authors: M F Dixon, M J Fulker, B E Walker, J Kelleher, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1975)

The relationship between serum transaminase levels and the extent of paracetamol-induced liver necrosis has been investigated in the rat. Three methods of histological quantitation were used to assess of necrosis--arbitrary grading, point counting, and the image-analysis computer. Highly significant correlations were obtained between the three methods and all were found to be reproducible. A close correlation was found between the extent of hepatic necrosis and the serum ASAT and ALAT 24 hours after a large dose (4 g/kg) of paracetamol. Likewise, the mean grade of necrosis correlated reasonably well with the serum enzyme levels in the recovery phase at 36 and 72 hours, although the transaminase level for a given degree of necrosis was considerably lower at 72 hours than at 24 hours. These findings suggest that serum transaminase levels gives a reliable indication of the severity of hepatic necrosis if the time of ingestion of the paracetamol is known and taken into account.
Diagnosis from the Blood Smear
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

An examination of the blood smear (or film) may be requested by physicians or initiated by laboratory staff. With the development of sophisticated automated blood-cell analyzers, the proportion of blood-count samples that require a blood smear has steadily diminished and in many clinical settings is now 10 to 15 percent or less. Nevertheless, the blood smear remains a crucial diagnostic aid. The proportion of requests for a complete blood count that generate a blood smear is determined by local policies and sometimes by financial and regulatory as well as medical considerations. For maximal information to be derived from a blood . . .
Hyperpigmentation of the face and hands without blisters: porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: EDEMARIAM TSEGA, BELAI DAMTEW, J. W. LANDELLS, ABRAHAM BESRAT, ELIAS SEYOUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Hyperpigmentation of the face and hands without blisters and hypertrichosis in Ethiopian patients with liver disease represents an early or latent form of porphyria cutanea tarda.
An Experiment in Maternal and Infant Care
Authors: Samuel B. Kirkwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THERE is profit, from time to time, in looking objectively at time-honored procedures in medical care. For the most part the accumulation of traditional beliefs and methods is an additive process by which the best of each period becomes an acknowledged part of the professional armamentarium. However, what has been defined in the past must be accepted critically and with constant re-evaluation.Few areas of medical service are supported by more lengthy tradition than maternal and child care. Workers in this field should urge upon themselves particularly timely self-examination.Prenatal CareRemarkably accurate descriptions of prenatal care date from ancient . . .
Age, height and weight of female Olympic finalists.
Authors: T Khosla, V C McBroom
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Age, height and weight are intricately related to performance in a specific sporting activity. Optimum standards derived from 32 female Olympic finalists from two jumping events are listed as a sample from a much larger set of 824 finalists from 47 events. An example of variation is that high jumpers are taller by 6.3 cm and younger by 2.9 years than long jumpers. Conversely, considerable variation in body weight is shown for a group of finalists all with a height of 171 cm. The weights of these finalists range from 56 kg for a 400 m runner to 85 kg for a discus thrower. Many other events are listed between these examples and a number of events are found to share the same combination of height and weight (height 171 cm, weight 59-62 kg) swimming freestyle and medley, 200 m run, rowing, canoeing, volleyball and handball. These findings are expected to be of use for potential champions looking for optimum standards in specific events. They are also of use for trainers counselling athletes in the most appropriate selection of the event befitting her physique. Many sporting activities are found to be seriously biased in favour of the taller members of the population. This is a cause for concern as is the need for some remedial action.
A rapid preadmission method for predicting inpatient course of disease for patients with HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: C L Bennett, R A Weinstein, M F Shapiro, H A Kessler, G M Dickinson, B Peterson, S E Cohn, W L George, S C Gilman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been the most common reason for hospitalization and the most common cause of death for persons with HIV infection. Hospital mortality rates for PCP range from 10 to 60%. Studies that evaluate differences in hospital mortality rates must control for differences in patient severity of illness. We developed a simple staging system for categorizing severity of illness in patients with PCP. We analyzed the relation between clinical factors and in-hospital mortality for 576 hospitalized patients with HIV-related PCP treated at 56 hospitals for the years 1987 to 1990. Four stages of PCP could be identified based on three routinely measured clinical variables: alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, total lymphocyte count, and body mass index. The mortality rate increased by stage: 1% for Stage 1, 8% for Stage 2, 23% for Stage 3, and 48% for Stage 4. The four-stage severity system compared well with previous models developed for AIDS and for PCP, and is easier to use in clinical practice. Our staging system identifies patients with a high and low risk of in-hospital death upon admission. Physicians may benefit from consideration of PCP stage in deciding on management strategies. In addition, researchers involved in clinical trials of new agents for PCP might consider stratification by PCP stage in order to define homogenous groups.
Temporal Patterns in Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Survival, and Mortality From 1950 Through 1990
Authors: K. C. Chu, R. E. Tarone, W.-H. Chow, B. F. Hankey, L. A. G. Ries
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Colorectal cancer mortality rates among U.S. white males remained relatively constant from 1950 through 1984 but declined sharply from 1985 through 1990. Those for U.S. white females decreased consistently from 1950 through 1984, with an acceleration of the decline from 1985 through 1990.A study was planned to investigate patterns in incidence, survival, and mortality rates over time in order to examine possible reasons for the gender difference in mortality trends and for the decrease in the slope of the mortality trends for both males and females in the late 1980s.Incidence and survival data from the Connecticut Cancer Registry were examined to investigate the gender differences in mortality rates from 1950 through 1984. Incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were investigated to examine reasons for the abrupt downturn in mortality rates for both white males and white females beginning around 1985.During the period 1950 through 1984, the colorectal cancer incidence rates in Connecticut increased for males and declined slightly for females. Survival rates were similar for both sexes, increasing on average over 1% per year for both females and males from 1950 through 1984. Examination of SEER data from 1975 through 1990 revealed that for both males and females there were 1) declines in overall incidence and mortality rates beginning in the mid-1980s, 2) steady declines in distant disease incidence rates since 1975, 3) increases in regional disease incidence rates until the early 1980s followed by declines in the late 1980s, and 4) increases in local disease incidence rates until the mid-1980s followed by declines in the late 1980s. Age-period-cohort analyses of mortality rates indicated a statistically significant moderation of colorectal cancer risk with both advancing birth cohorts and recent calendar periods.The gender differences in colorectal cancer mortality rate trends observed from 1950 through 1984 are due to differences in incidence rate trends between males and females. Declining colorectal mortality rates in the late 1980s for males and females appear to reflect improved early detection. The peaking and subsequent decline of stage-specific incidence rates at later years for successively lower stage indicate sequential stage shifts as cancers are detected increasingly earlier over time. The increased use of sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood tests (triggering colonoscopy) appears to have played an important role in reducing colorectal cancer mortality. Improvements in birth cohort trends in risk for colorectal cancer for each sex suggest that lifestyle changes may have also contributed to the steady reductions in colorectal cancer mortality.
Modulation of the in vitro candidacidal activity of human neutrophil defensins by target cell metabolism and divalent cations.
Authors: R I Lehrer, T Ganz, D Szklarek, M E Selsted
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We tested the in vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans to three defensins from human neutrophilic granulocytes (HNP-1, 2, and 3), a homologous defensin from rabbit leukocytes (NP-1), and four unrelated cationic peptides. Although the primary amino acid sequences of HNP-1, 2, and 3 are identical except for a single amino-terminal amino acid alteration, HNP-1 and HNP-2 killed C. albicans but HNP-3 did not. C. albicans blastoconidia were protected from HNP-1 when incubations were performed in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of inhibitors that blocked both of its mitochondrial respiratory pathways. Neither anaerobiosis nor mitochondrial inhibitors substantially protected C. albicans exposed to NP-1, poly-L-arginine, poly-L-lysine, or mellitin. Human neutrophilic granulocyte defensin-mediated candidacidal activity was inhibited by both Mg2+ and Ca2+, and was unaffected by Fe2+. In contrast, Fe2+ inhibited the candidacidal activity of NP-1 and all of the model cationic peptides, whereas Mg2+ inhibited none of them. These data demonstrate that susceptibility of C. albicans to human defensins depends both on the ionic environment and on the metabolic state of the target cell. The latter finding suggests that leukocyte-mediated microbicidal mechanisms may manifest oxygen dependence for reasons unrelated to the production of reactive oxygen intermediates by the leukocyte.
Fenestration Surgery for Deafness
Authors: Charles I. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE general practitioner is being increasingly plagued by newspaper and magazine publicity describing new technics in medical and surgical therapy. Too often he finds himself confronted with the unpleasant chore of blasting the hopes falsely raised by some garbled or, at best, premature report of a "cure" for high blood pressure, arthritis, asthma, sinusitis, deafness and so forth. The situation takes on the proportions of a real problem, moreover, when the doctor must decide what answer to give a patient who asks about a technic that has really proved to be effective, but only under certain conditions and for certain . . .
Association between psoriasis and asthma: a population-based retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: H.-Y. Fang, W.-C. Liao, C.-L. Lin, C.-H. Chen, C.-H. Kao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Both psoriasis and asthma are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.To evaluate the risk of developing asthma in patients with psoriasis compared with controls.This cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with psoriasis (n = 10,288) and matched comparison patients without psoriasis (n = 41,152) were evaluated. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the risk of asthma in patients with and without psoriasis.The risk of asthma was 1·38-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·23-1·54] in the cohort with psoriasis than in the reference cohort, after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. The incidence of asthma in men and women with psoriasis exhibited nonsignificant differences. Among all patients aged > 50 years, psoriasis was associated with a higher risk of asthma compared with not having psoriasis [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1·49; 95% CI 1·18-1·88 (in patients aged 50-64 years); adjusted HR 1·63; 95% CI 1·34-1·99 (in patients aged > 65 years)].Our results indicate that patients with psoriasis are associated with a increased risk of developing asthma.
TCTAP A-180 Impact of Drug-eluting Stent-associated Coronary Artery Spasm on 3-year Clinical Outcomes: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in 510 Finnish Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Satu Mäki-Nevala, Mikko Rönty, Mike Morel, Maria Gomez, Zoe Dawson, Virinder Kaur Sarhadi, Aino Telaranta-Keerie, Aija Knuuttila, Sakari Knuutila
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral, and Medical Aspects of Napping
Authors: Christian Guilleminault
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Napping seems to be present across species and ages, but it has attracted little attention in scientific literature. Also, modern-day life, with its requirements of continuous day work and maintenance of round-the-clock activities, has limited napping in humans. Editors Dinges and Broughton have called upon a core group of eight teams of investigators to contribute chapters on napping. In most cases, a good, up-to-date bibliography ends each chapter.  The chapters deal with polyphasic sleep in mammals, the development of the sleep/wake pattern in infants, the multiple sleep latency test and its usefulness in investigating the development of daytime sleepiness in childhood and teenage years, and biorhythms associated with sleep/wakefulness—the last not only covering circadian rhythms, but also reviewing the issue of circasemidian rhythms and the basic rest-activity cycle (BRAC) hypothesis of Kleitman. Ultradian rhythms are considered in several chapters, each with a different experimental paradigm. Broughton presents several models and
Death in Anticonvulsant-Induced Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: Jack Pinkhas
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Patients with megaloblastic anemia due to anticonvulsant treatment have been reported to die suddenly following institution of treatment, whether folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>or blood transfusion.<sup>1</sup>Their deaths have been ascribed to arrhythmia from hypokalemia developing during rapid red cell maturation and overloading of the circulation. We wish to report a patient with extreme anticonvulsant-induced megaloblastic anemia who died a short time following institution of treatment. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In 1960 a 28-year-old epileptic man was diagnosed to have hemoglobin H thalassemia with a steady hemoglobin level of 7 to 8 gm/100 ml<sup>2</sup>and has been treated since then with anti-convulsants including diphenylhydantoin sodium, phenobarbital sodium and primidone. He was admitted in November 1971 with agitation, confusion, and extreme pallor. He had gingival hypertrophy, engorged jugular veins, hepatosplenomegaly, pitting edema at the ankles, a 2/6 systolic murmur over the precordium, a regular