tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caspase activation is associated with spontaneous recovery from acute liver failure
Authors: Xandra Volkmann, Matthias Anstaett, Johannes Hadem, Penelope Stiefel, Matthias J. Bahr, Frank Lehner, Michael P. Manns, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff, Heike Bantel
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Acute liver failure (ALF) has various causes and is characterized by rapid hepatocyte dysfunction with development of encephalopathy in the absence of preexisting liver disease. Whereas most patients require liver transplantation to prevent the high mortality, some patients recover spontaneously and show complete liver regeneration. Because of the low incidence of ALF, however, the molecular mechanisms of liver dysfunction and regeneration are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis and caspases in 70 ALF patients using novel biomarkers that allow the detection of caspase activation in serum samples. Compared with healthy individuals, activation of caspases was strongly enhanced in ALF patients. Interestingly, patients with spontaneous recovery from ALF revealed a significantly higher activation of caspases than patients that required transplantation or died, although in the latter patients extensive DNA fragmentation and signs of nonapoptotic cell death were observed. In the spontaneous survivors, increased caspase activation was accompanied by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), important cytokines involved in liver regeneration.Our data suggest that caspase activation and apoptosis are involved in ALF of patients with spontaneous recovery, whereas caspase-independent cell death might be more relevant in irreversible forms of liver failure. These findings might be important for therapeutic options of ALF but also suggest that measurement of caspase activation might be of prognostic value to predict the outcome of acute liver failure.
Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells and Outcome of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Harri Sihto, Tom Böhling, Heli Kavola, Virve Koljonen, Marko Salmi, Sirpa Jalkanen, Heikki Joensuu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer that often harbors Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA. The clinical importance of intratumoral immune cells and their associations with MCPyV infection are poorly understood. Experimental Design: We identified T lymphocytes (CD3-positive cells), T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8, and FoxP3-positive cells), natural killer cells (small CD16-positive cells), and macrophages (CD68 and CD163-positive cells) in tumors of 116 individuals diagnosed with MCC in Finland from 1979 to 2004 using immunohistochemistry and detected MCPyV DNA with quantitative PCR. The associations between immune cell counts, MCPyV DNA, patient and tumor characteristics, and patient outcome were examined. Results: MCPyV DNA-positive cancers contained higher numbers of CD3+, CD8+, CD16+, FoxP3+, and CD68+ cells as compared with MCPyV DNA-negative carcinomas (all P values &amp;lt; 0.05). High intratumoral numbers of CD3+, CD8+, or FoxP3+ cells, and high CD8+/CD4+ or FoxP3+/CD4+ ratios, were significantly associated with favorable overall survival. Individuals with a high tumor CD3+ count had metastases less often and survived longer, irrespective of the tumor MCPyV status. Tumor CD3+ count and MCPyV DNA status had independent influence on survival in a Cox multivariable model that also included presence of locoregional metastases at diagnosis and gender as covariates. Conclusions: High intratumoral T-lymphocyte counts are associated with favorable survival in MCC. Although the numbers of T cells are generally higher in MCPyV-positive than in MCPyV-negative MCC, high intratumoral T-cell counts are also associated with favorable survival in MCPyV-negative MCC. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2872–81. ©2012 AACR.
P1-090: Correlation of FDG uptake and glucose transporter type 1 expression between primary tumors and loco-regional lymph nodes in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Jin-Haeng Chung, Won Woo Lee, Hyun Joo Lee, Doo Hyun Chung, Jeong-Wook Seo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
A fifth of maternity services in England are inadequate, review says
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following A fifth of maternity services in England are inadequate, review says Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Diabetes in America: Epidemiology and Scope of the Problem
Authors: Maureen I Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Epidemiological studies performed over the past 40 years have shown that the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes has increased dramatically in the U.S. and that a substantial proportion of the population has undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes is most prevalent in minority populations, such as African-Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans. Increasing prevalence of diabetes has led to increases in microvascular complications such as blindness, end-stage renal disease, and lower limb amputations. Poor glycemic control contributes to the high incidence of these complications, yet community-based studies of diabetic patients show their mean fasting plasma glucose concentration is generally > 180 mg/dl compared with 100 mg/dl for nondiabetic individuals. In people with diabetes, risk factors for cardiovascular disease including elevated fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and obesity partly explain the high proportion of deaths (60-70%) caused by cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. More intensive diabetes management and improved glycemic control could minimize long-term complications of the disease and would be expected to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with diabetes.
Importance of Faith on Medical Decisions Regarding Cancer Care
Authors: Gerard A. Silvestri, Sommer Knittig, James S. Zoller, Paul J. Nietert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Decisions regarding cancer treatment choices can be difficult. Several factors may influence the decision to undergo treatment. One poorly understood factor is the influence of a patient's faith on how they make medical decisions. We compared the importance of faith on treatment decisions among doctors, patients, and patient caregivers.One hundred patients with advanced lung cancer, their caregivers, and 257 medical oncologists were interviewed. Participants were asked to rank the importance of the following factors that might influence treatment decisions: cancer doctor's recommendation, faith in God, ability of treatment to cure disease, side effects, family doctor's recommendation, spouse's recommendation, and children's recommendation.All three groups ranked the oncologist's recommendation as most important. Patients and caregivers ranked faith in God second, whereas physicians placed it last (P <.0001). Patients who placed a high priority on faith in God had less formal education (P <.0001).Patients and caregivers agree on the factors that are important in deciding treatment for advanced lung cancer but differ substantially from doctors. All agree that the oncologist's recommendation is most important. This is the first study to demonstrate that, for some, faith is an important factor in medical decision making, more so than even the efficacy of treatment. If faith plays an important role in how some patients decide treatment, and physicians do not account for it, the decision-making process may be unsatisfactory to all involved. Future studies should clarify how faith influences individual decisions regarding treatment.
Hypoxia, angiotensin‐II, and norepinephrine mediated apoptosis is stimulus specific in canine failed cardiomyocytes: a role for p38 MAPK, Fas‐L and cyclin D<sub>1</sub>
Authors: Victor G. Sharov, Anastassia Todor, George Suzuki, Hideaki Morita, Elaine J. Tanhehco, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Digoxinlike Toxicity and Death From a Purported Aphrodisiac-Reply
Authors: Jeff Brubacher
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Bufadienolides and cardenolides are classes of cardioactive steroids with similar steroid nuclei that differ only in the size of their lactone ring. Digoxin and most other plant-derived cardiac glycosides are cardenolides. Dr Pierach is correct that bufadienolides are also found in some plants. Plant-derived bufadienolides are cardiac glycosides, whereas toadderived bufadienolides have no sugar moiety and therefore are cardiac genins.<sup>1</sup>We use the inclusive term "cardioactive steroids" to refer to both cardiac genins and cardiac glycosides. Details of our analysis of "LoveStone" were excluded from the<i>MMWR</i>report for editorial reasons. We have shown that this compound is identical to the Chinese medicine "Chan Su," which is produced from toad venom. The bufadienolides identified in this product were cardiac genins found in toad venom and were not cardiac glycosides as would be found in plants. Therefore, we believe that this product is dried toad venom. We agree
New Guidance for ICD Implantation Offers Decision Aids for Physicians and Patients
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diuresis of cirrhotic ascites increases its opsonic activity and may help prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Bruce A. Runyon, Dennis E. Van Epps
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Serial ascitic fluid samples were obtained during diuresis in seven patients with portal hypertension-related ascites. The samples were tested for concentrations of total protein, CH 100 , C 3 and C 4 as well as for in vitro opsonic activity. These parameters were all found to increase to a statistically significant degree when the initial specimen was compared to the final specimen: total protein=1.5 vs. 2.7 gm per dl; CH 100 =9.3 vs. 20.2 units per ml; C 3 =13.4 vs. 23.8 mg per dl; C 4 =1.9 vs. 3.6 mg per dl, and opsonic activity=0.8 vs. 1.9 log kill. This increased opsonic activity resulted in a greater than 10-fold increase in bacterial killing. This study demonstrates that diuresis of patients with cirrhotic ascites increases the concentrations of ascitic fluid complement components and increases the opsonic activity of ascitic fluid and may help protect patients from bacterial infection of their ascites.
The Prognostic Importance of Changes in CD4^+Cell Count and HIV-1 RNA Level in Women after Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Kathryn Anastos, Yolanda Barrón, Mardge H Cohen, Ruth M Greenblatt, Howard Minkoff, Alexandra Levine, Mary Young, Stephen J Gange
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: The prognostic value of CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels attained after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with before the initiation of HAART has not been well defined. Objective: To determine the prognostic value for clinical outcomes of CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels attained after initiating therapy. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Women's Interagency HIV Study. Patients: 1132 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Measurements: HIV-1 RNA level, CD4+ cell counts, AIDS-defining illness, and death. Results: In multivariate analyses with a median follow-up of 3.9 years, women with CD4+ cell counts of less than 0.200 × 109 cells/L compared with women with CD4+ cell counts of greater than 0.350 × 109 cells/L after HAART initiation had a relative hazard of death from all causes of 2.66 (95% CI, 1.42 to 4.99) and a relative hazard of death from AIDS of 47.61 (CI, 5.69 to 398.40). The relative hazard of all-cause death was 3.44 (CI, 1.67 to 7.09) in women with RNA levels of more than 10 000 copies/mL compared with women with attained RNA levels of less than 80 copies/mL. The relative hazard of AIDS-related or all-cause death did not increase for women with post-HAART CD4+ cell counts between 0.200 and 0.350 × 109 cells/L compared with women with CD4+ cell counts of greater than 0.350 × 109 cells/L. Also, the relative hazard did not increase in women with post-HAART HIV-1 RNA levels between 80 and 10 000 copies/mL compared with women with post-HAART HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 80 copies/mL. Of the laboratory markers, only the post-HAART CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level were predictive of new AIDS-defining illness. Conclusion: Post-HAART laboratory markers predicted death and new AIDS-defining illness. Pre-HAART CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level were not predictive of clinical outcomes if adjusted for values attained after HAART initiation, suggesting that even advanced immune suppression can be overcome with HAART that results in CD4+ cell counts of greater than 0.200 × 109 cells/L and RNA levels of less than 10 000 copies/mL.
A Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Pushed Through the Posterior Wall of the Stomach as far as the Pancreas During Nonendoscopic Tube Exchange
Authors: S. Kasamaki, T. Kamano, Y. Hayashida, H. Motoyama, H. Yokota
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The safety and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) have been well documented [1] [2]. With regard to the removal of PEG tubes, the standard method used recently has been nonendoscopic removal: the percutaneous removal method should cost less and be less time-consuming because it obviates the need for an endoscopy. However, complications arising from such PEG tube exchange procedures have been reported [3] [4]. We encountered a patient who developed problems as a result of a PEG tube exchange, in whom it was discovered that the the PEG tube had gone through the posterior wall of the stomach, reaching as far as the anterior aspect of the pancreas.
Pets in hospitals.
Authors: J E Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The role of animals in society is well recognised. The programme director of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations has emphasised the key role of the pet and stated that  . . within the family the animal provides opportunities for projection and displacement of feelings as well as for direct expression of con cern and care, of anxiety and fear; and for testing out capacities for power, authority and influence within the family context.' The medical contribution which may be made by pets has not, perhaps, been fully appreciated until recently. There is now, however, evidence that the pet animal may play a part in the treatment and care of some patients. Workers in the field of psychotherapy have particularly emphasised the value of pets and Corson et al2 reported encouraging results when psych iatric patients in hospital were brought into close contact with dogs. Investigations into the psychotherapeutic value of cage birds to old people' showed that the presence of budgerigars generally had a beneficial effect. The role of pets in child development was first emphasised over 70 years ago4 and has since been investigated by many workers, including Levinson,5 and this is now reflected in the widespread use of animals in schools.6 They have proved particularly valuable in teaching mentally handicapped children.8 Many social workers and occupational therapists testify to the practical benefits that may ensue from encouraging contact between children and pets, and it is no coincidence that children's wards now frequently house a pet hamster, cagebird, or goldfish. Against these points, however, are the various arguments of those who, for one reason or another, oppose close contact between man and animals. Considerable concern is justifiably expressed over zoonoses, many of which are transmissible from pets to man. In addition public criticism is often levelled against domestic animals because they smell, cause traffic accidents, foul pathways, or make too much noise. Such argu ments may influence the decisions of those who have to decide whether or not animals are kept in a hospital. Other justifiable criticisms of pets in the hospital may be levelled because of expense or because animals are both timeand space-consuming. These and other objections have to be remembered whenever the question of animals in hospitals is raised. Whether keeping such animals is desirable is debatable but I intend to draw attention to some of the problems and pitfalls of maintaining animals under such circumstances and to make basic recom mendations regarding their care. While primarily intended for guiding those working in hospitals, this paper may also prove a useful guide for those who maintain animals in penal institu tions and educational establishments. Choice of animal
The quail uropygial gland for assays of systemic antiandrogen side-effects of topical drugs
Authors: J.Y. DANIEL, J.H. ABALAIN, Y. AMET, S. STEFANO, F. BERTHOU, K. TEA, H.H. FLOCH, M.M. BOUTON, J. SECCHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article The quail uropygial gland for assays of systemic antiandrogen side‐effects of topical drugs Get access J.Y. DANIEL, J.Y. DANIEL Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.H. ABALAIN, J.H. ABALAIN Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Dr J.H.Abalain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. AMET, Y. AMET Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. DI STEFANO, S. DI STEFANO Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. BERTHOU, F. BERTHOU Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. TEA, K. TEA Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.H. FLOCH, H.H. FLOCH Laboratoire de Biochimie, UA 598 du CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Brest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. BOUTON, M.M. BOUTON Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. SECCHI J. SECCHI Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s31, 1 August 1986, Pages 33–35, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02104.x Published: 01 August 1986
The Occurrence of Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland in Autopsy Material
Authors: W. P. VanderLaan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THERE is ample reason for confusion in attempting to interpret recent clinical and pathological reports concerning both benign and malignant neoplasia of the thyroid gland in their relation to nodular goiter. Several papers have stressed the high incidence of cancer in nodular goiter. Thus, Ward1 found an incidence of 4.8 per cent, and Cole, Slaughter and Rossiter2 one of 7.2 per cent. Furthermore, Hinton and Lord3 observed a higher incidence of cancer in apparently benign nodular goiters (7.6 per cent) than in innocent appearing "lumps" in the breast (6.7 per cent) and therefore concluded that it is as justifiable to . . .
General practitioners, court reports, and alcohol related offences.
Authors: J Knox, F Arroyave
Journal: BMJ (1984)

General practitioners may have to submit medical reports to the courts on patients who have a suspected alcohol problem, 98% of such requests coming from magistrates courts. When, however, a defendant decides to plead "not guilty" to an offence on the grounds of intoxication general practitioners are often asked to prepare a report to support the plea. We present guidelines on preparing such reports and discuss the implications of the contents.
Danazol® and C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency
Authors: STEVEN H. COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Danazol® and C1 Esterase Inhibitor DeficiencySTEVEN H. COHEN, M.D., SUSAN M. KOETHE, PH.D.STEVEN H. COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN M. KOETHE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-429_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We write to confirm the findings of Hauptmann and associates (1) on the therapy of acquired C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) deficiency with Danazol®. Their patient with lymphoma had the typical pattern of complement findings but had no history ofangioedema. Danazol therapy resulted in an elevation of the C1 INH, but the other complement component levels remained abnormal.We have studied the case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and elevated IgM level. He also had had no episodes of angioedema but did have recurrent episodes of sepsis. We had hoped to prevent sepsis by increasing...References1. HAUPTMANNMAYERLANGOBERLINGMAYER GSJFG: Treatment of acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency with Danazol. Ann Intern Med 87:577-578, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GELFANDSHERINSALLINGFRANK JRDM: Treatment of hereditary angioedema with Danazol. N Engl J Med 295:1444-1448, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COHENKOETHEKOZINFINK SSFJ: Danazol therapy of acquired angioedema (abstract). Clin Res 25:615A, 1977 Google Scholar4. ROSSELOGUESILBERMAN WGH: The effect of synthetic androgens on the clinical course of C1 esterase inhibitor (Cl INH) levels in hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) (abstract). Clin Res 24:482A, 1976 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAcquired C1 Inhibitor DeficiencyAutoantibodies and Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Acquired C1-Inhibitor DeficienciesDéficit acquis en inhibiteur de la C1 estérase et syndrome lymphoprolifératif 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3Page: 429-429KeywordsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaEsterasesLymphomaSepsis Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...