tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teaching Physicians to Care Amid Chaos
Authors: Allan S. Detsky, Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2013)

For physicians who were residents in the 1970s (like we were), it was a simpler era for care. A relatively small number of medications were available for treatment and prevention of illness. All patients with acute myocardial infarctions received lidocaine because physicians mistakenly thought it prevented arrhythmic death. The powerful cardiovascular benefits of aspirin were unknown. Blood work and plain radiographs could be ordered (computed tomography was just arriving on the scene), but physicians had to go to the radiology department to view the images. Information was exchanged by synchronous face-to-face and telephone communication or by written notes and letters
On the Employment of Large Doses of Iodide of Potassium in Severe Forms of Tertiary Syphilis
Authors: H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1866)

JournaLdisease, which has been sufficiently dwelt upon be- fore, I may remark that the facts here stated esta- blish strong presumption that, as bleeding was less frequently practised, the character of diseases had undergone material difference.Much more might be said on the manner in which bleeding acts in such cases; and I cannot think that it is satisfactorily accounted for simply by the re- moval of a portion of the blood, as seems to be the prevailing opinion at present.I will now, however, simply say, "Multa renascontur quai jam cecidere."
Treatment of the Chest Keloid
Authors: Robert Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Will you accept a belated comment on a LETTER of Oct 19, 1970 ( 214 :600, 1970)? It is recently pointed out to me by a colleague that no therapy was advocated for The Chest Keloid. It has been my experience as well as that of most other dermatologists that the chest keloid is amenable to the same therapy as other keloids, namely, intralesional steroid therapy and freezing with dry ice. Either of these methods is successful in a large number of keloids, or both may be used together. In my experience, intralesional steroids are almost invariably successful in flattening a keloid. I would certainly agree that surgery should not be done except in most exceptional cases for the alleviation of the vast majority of keloids. However, to leave the reader with the impression that the chest keloid cannot be treated is the exact opposite of the present
Inhibition of T cell‐dependent antibody production by D‐penicillamine
Authors: J. Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The effects of D‐penicillamine (D‐Pen) on the production of immunoglobulins (Ig) and anti‐microbial antibodies (Ab) by human mononuclear cells (MNC) cultured in vitro were analysed by haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assays. Polyclonal Ig and Ab production, induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was not affected by D‐Pen in pharmacologically relevant concentrations, unless Cu 2+ , was added. Likewise, D‐Pen + Cu 2+ , but not D‐Pen alone, affected polyclonal Ig production induced by Epstein‐Barr virus. The production of interleukin‐2 and B cell growth factor by phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated T cells was not inhibited by D‐Pen; again D‐Pen + Cu 2+ markedly reduced the production of these cytokines. By contrast, D‐Pen significantly reduced the antigen‐induced antibody production without requirement of additional Cu 2+ . Addition of cytokine‐containing supernatant to MNC treated with D‐Pen + Cu 2+ tended to increase the PWM‐induced Ig responses, but had no effect on the antigen‐induced Ab production of MNC cultured with D‐Pen. Thus, the mechanisms by which D‐Pen suppresses polyclonal and antigen‐induced B lymphocyte responses are different.
ABC of heart failure: History and epidemiology
Authors: R C Davis
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Heart failure is the end stage of all diseases of the heart and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated to account for about 5% of admissions to hospital medical wards, with over 100 000 annual admissions in the United Kingdom.

“The very essence of cardiovascular practice is the early detection of heart failure” 

Sir Thomas Lewis, 1933 

#### Some definitions of heart failure

“A condition in which the heart fails to discharge its contents adequately” (Thomas Lewis, 1933)

“A state in which the heart fails to maintain an adequate circulation for the needs of the body despite a satisfactory filling pressure” (Paul Wood, 1950)

“A pathophysiological state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolising tissues” (E Braunwald, 1980)

“Heart failure is the state of any heart disease in which, despite adequate ventricular filling, the heart's output is decreased or in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate adequate for satisfying the requirements of the tissues with function parameters remaining within normal limits” (H Denolin, H Kuhn, H P Krayenbuehl, F Loogen, A Reale, 1983)

“A clinical syndrome caused by an abnormality of the heart and recognised by a characteristic pattern of haemodynamic, renal, neural and hormonal responses” (Philip Poole-Wilson, 1985)

“[A] syndrome … which arises when the heart is chronically unable to maintain an appropriate blood pressure without support” (Peter Harris, 1987)

“A syndrome in which cardiac dysfunction is associated with reduced exercise tolerance, a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and shortened life expectancy” (Jay Cohn, 1988)

“Abnormal function of the heart causing a limitation of exercise capacity” or “ventricular dysfunction with symptoms” (anonymous and pragmatic)

“Symptoms of heart failure, objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction and …
Apply sound scientific methodology to the evaluation of new medical treatments
Authors: Russell H. Wiesner
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

High-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. This treatment produced high rates of response in phase 2 trials but was proved to be no more effective than standard chemotherapy and was more toxic.2-4 Hormone replacement in menopausal females, which was eventually shown to be not beneficial to cardiovascular health and to be associated with multiple serious adverse outcomes.5, 6 Erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease. Observational studies had shown increased survival and higher hemoglobin levels; however, randomized trials were unable to show such benefits and found an association with increased rates of death, nonfatal heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure.7 Early initiation of hemodialysis versus late initiation. A number of observational studies suggested that starting dialysis early could improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Although this practice was widely employed by nephrologists throughout the United States with substantial financial advantages, a recent randomized controlled trial has found that the early initiation of dialysis is not associated with improvements in survival or clinical outcomes.8 In each of these contemporary examples, observational studies suggested a beneficial effect that was widely promoted in medicine but was proven false by a randomized controlled trial. Even more bothersome is the recent report by Zuckerman et al.,9 who reported that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalled 113 medical devices between 2005 and 2009 because they were found to pose a high risk to patients and were not rigorously studied before they were cleared for sale by the FDA. Most of these devices were approved only on the basis of observational studies and were not subjected to sound scientific methodology. Although observational studies often are cheaper, quicker, and less difficult to perform, we should not lose sight of the simple fact noted by Pocock and Elbourne10: "ignorance calls for careful experimentation." This means high-quality randomized controlled trials and not observations that reflect personal choices or beliefs that often rely on bogus assumptions and mathematical arguments to prove what is not true to be true. In this era of money-based medicine and FDA laxity, when the ethics of pharmaceutical companies are continually being questioned and the costs of treatment continue to skyrocket, let us continue to evaluate health care interventions by the most scientifically sound and rigorous methods available. Russell H. Wiesner M.D.*, * Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
A Comparison of Three Types of Biopsy Forceps in the Endoscopic Surveillance of Barrett’s Oesophagus
Authors: S. Dolwani, H. Saleem, I. W. Thompson, M. C. Allison
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Periodic endoscopic biopsy surveillance is recommended for selected patients with Barrett’s oesophagus. A new angled swing-jaw forceps has become available which is said to facilitate tangential oesophageal biopsy sampling. We examined the size and quality of oesophageal biopsies obtained with the forceps of angled design in comparison with the large cup disposable forceps and the conventional reusable upper gastrointestinal forceps. Patients and Methods: In this prospective comparative study, three biopsies were taken at each of three levels, using a different design of forceps at each level, in each of 48 patients undergoing endoscopic surveillance. The order in which the forceps were used was randomized. A pathologist assessed the size and quality of each set of biopsies obtained.
DDAVP in Treatment of Vasopressin-Sensitive Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: M. K. Ward, T. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In 11 patients with vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus the effectiveness of the vasopressin analogue 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) for controlling diabetes insipidus has been compared with that of lysine vasopressin. DDAVP in equivalent intravenous dosage has been found to be at least as potent and to have a more prolonged action, lasting 13-22 hours instead of 1-2 hours. Twice-daily intranasal DDAVP effected satisfactory control in all these patients, without side effects, and all the patients preferred this to their previous treatment. Single daily intramuscular injections of DDAVP were found to offer excellent control for any subject unable to manage intranasal administration.
Transforming growth factor beta inhibits bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures.
Authors: J Pfeilschifter, S M Seyedin, G R Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

TGF-beta 1 is a polypeptide that is abundant in bone matrix, is produced by bone cells, and modulates proliferation and differentiated functions of osteoblastic cells in vitro. TGF-beta 2 is a closely related polypeptide that was originally isolated from bone matrix. TGF-beta 1 has been shown previously to stimulate prostaglandin production in cultures of neonatal mouse calvariae, which causes these bones to resorb. We found similar effects with TGF-beta 2. In comparison, TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 failed to stimulate bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures during a 3-d incubation period in concentrations up to 50-100 times greater than those capable of inducing bone resorption in calvariae. Incubation with TGF-beta 1 for a further 3 d decreased bone resorption up to 30%. Moreover, bone resorption induced by the bone-resorbing agents IL 1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was partially or completely inhibited by TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 during the second half of the 6-d incubation period. Inhibition of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea inhibited bone resorption in long bones in a similar pattern to that seen with TGF-beta 1. The inhibitory effects of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 on bone resorption in long bone cultures may therefore be due to inhibition of osteoclast precursor proliferation.
Segmental vitiligo associated with generalized vitiligo (mixed vitiligo): A retrospective case series of 19 patients
Authors: Khaled Ezzedine, Yvon Gauthier, Christine Léauté-Labrèze, Sonia Marquez, Serge Bouchtnei, Thomas Jouary, Alain Taieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Assessing fitness to practise: Revalidation is a long and winding road
Authors: Maurice Conlon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The road to revalidation is proving long and winding because of the complexity in setting standards described by Baker and Wakeford,1 as well as problems with defined leadership and a professional cultural inertia.

In the current hiatus of leadership, the NHS Clinical Governance Support Team continues to promote the concept of useful revalidation …
Taussig-Bing Heart with Mitral Valve Straddling
Authors: NOBUO KITAMURA, ATSUYOSHI TAKAO, MASAHIKO ANDO, YASUHARU IMAI, SOJI KONNO
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Seven autopsied cases of the Taussig-Bing Heart diagnosed at the Heart Institute of Japan were reexamined for this report. Three cases had been correctly classified according to the original description of the Taussig-Bing Heart. The remaining four cases provided examples of a rare variation of this malformation. Characteristic features included the following: the mitral valve straddled the ventricular septum in all cases; the chordae of the anterior leaflet crossed over the septum into the right ventricle through a large subpulmonary ventricular septal defect; and an abnormal muscle ridge, extending from the caudal part of the parietal band, covered the right ventricular side of the ventricular septal defect. Although these four cases differ anatomically from the original Taussig-Bing Heart, their hemodynamics are similar. We have called this anomaly the Taussig-Bing Heart with mitral valve straddling.
Serum ALT: Tarnished gold standard for interferon response in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Hal F. Yee, Teresa L. Wright
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Serial serum samples and pretreatment and post-treatment liver tissue from patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were tested for HCV RNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and branched DNA signal amplification assays. At the end of treatment with interferon-α (IFNα), 4 of 5 patients showing no biochemical response (in alanine aminotransferase activity), 4 of 5 with transient responses, and 1 of 5 showing complete and sustained responses had HCV RNA detectable in serum. The corresponding numbers for liver tissue were 5, 5, and 0 (of 4). However, all 5 complete responders had virological relapses wdthin 6 months. Biochemical response may not reflect virological profile during IFNα treatment of HCV.
MD/PhD Programs—A Call for an Accounting
Authors: Leon E. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular features and prognosis of middle-aged and elderly adults with renal dysfunction: the strong heart study
Authors: Jonathan N. Bella, Jennifer E. Liu, Mary J. Roman, David C. Robbins, Thomas K. Welty, Jay Sosenko, Andrew Narva, Philip Zager, Richard R. Fabsitz, Elisa T. Lee, Barbara V. Howard, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
<i>MUC5B</i> Promoter Polymorphism and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities
Authors: Gary M. Hunninghake, Hiroto Hatabu, Yuka Okajima, Wei Gao, Josée Dupuis, Jeanne C. Latourelle, Mizuki Nishino, Tetsuro Araki, Oscar E. Zazueta, Sila Kurugol, James C. Ross, Raúl San José Estépar, Elissa Murphy, Mark P. Steele, James E. Loyd, Marvin I. Schwarz, Tasha E. Fingerlin, Ivan O. Rosas, George R. Washko, George T. O'Connor, David A. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A common promoter polymorphism (rs35705950) in MUC5B, the gene encoding mucin 5B, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It is not known whether this polymorphism is associated with interstitial lung disease in the general population.We performed a blinded assessment of interstitial lung abnormalities detected in 2633 participants in the Framingham Heart Study by means of volumetric chest computed tomography (CT). We evaluated the relationship between the abnormalities and the genotype at the rs35705950 locus.Of the 2633 chest CT scans that were evaluated, interstitial lung abnormalities were present in 177 (7%). Participants with such abnormalities were more likely to have shortness of breath and chronic cough and reduced measures of total lung and diffusion capacity, as compared with participants without such abnormalities. After adjustment for covariates, for each copy of the minor rs35705950 allele, the odds of interstitial lung abnormalities were 2.8 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 3.9; P<0.001), and the odds of definite CT evidence of pulmonary fibrosis were 6.3 times greater (95% CI, 3.1 to 12.7; P<0.001). Although the evidence of an association between the MUC5B genotype and interstitial lung abnormalities was greater among participants who were older than 50 years of age, a history of cigarette smoking did not appear to influence the association.The MUC5B promoter polymorphism was found to be associated with interstitial lung disease in the general population. Although this association was more apparent in older persons, it did not appear to be influenced by cigarette smoking. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00005121.).
Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Jacob Lokich
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This is a distinctly British textbook that will provide little competition to the three leading textbooks in the field of clinical oncology available in the United States. Although it is presented as a comprehensive and up-to-date text with the intent of providing authoritative help on how best to manage an individual patient, it is in fact neither comprehensive nor authoritative but provides instead superficial information that is frequently outdated or incomplete, and the treatment orientation is extraordinarily unbalanced in the direction of radiation therapy. The book is divided into three sections: "Principles," "Clinical Practice," and "Common Problems." Four of the 13 chapters in the first section are devoted to radiation therapy, reflecting the orientation of the whole text. The second section includes 25 chapters that are unbalanced with regard to comprehensive detail. For example, 20 pages are devoted to breast cancer, a common condition, and 42 pages are devoted to
580 POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES OF SERUM ALBUMIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL FEATURES AND POOR SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: F.A. Giannone, M. Baldassarre, M. Domenicali, L. Napoli, M. Naldi, E. Beltrandi, R. Motta, C. Bertucci, M. Bernardi, P. Caraceni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Circulatory Changes resulting from increasing the Venous Filling Pressure by Transfusion following Aortic Valve Homograft Replacement
Authors: R. M. M. Fordham, L. Resnekov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

The circulatory effects of serial increases in the venous filling pressure were studied in seven patients shortly after aortic valve homograft replacement and left ventricular function curves obtained. Control values showed that left ventricular function was depressed but stroke work index increased normally when the left atrial pressure was raised.
Oral Synthetic Phospholipid (DMPC) Raises High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function, and Markedly Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice
Authors: Mohamad Navab, Susan Hama, Greg Hough, Alan M. Fogelman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Lecithin has been widely sold as a dietary supplement. 1,2-Dimyristoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a phospholipid that does not exist in nature and has been used in vitro to study lipid binding. We tested DMPC in vivo in apolipoprotein (apo) E–null mice. Methods and Results— DMPC or soy or egg lecithin at 1.0 mg/mL was added to the drinking water of 4-week-old apoE-null female mice. Eight weeks later, HDL cholesterol levels and apoA-I levels were markedly increased in the mice that received DMPC. HDL function was also dramatically improved in the mice receiving DMPC, and there was a significant reduction in aortic lesions ( P =0.021) in the DMPC mice but not in those receiving lecithin. Adding 1.0 mg/mL of DMPC to the drinking water of 10-month-old apoE-null female mice for 5 weeks caused regression of aortic sinus lesions ( P =0.003). Adding 1.0 mg/mL DMPC to the drinking water of 6-month-old apoE-null male mice for 8 weeks significantly reduced aortic sinus lesion area ( P =0.0031) and en face whole aorta lesion area ( P =0.001), whereas adding the same concentrations of soy or egg lecithin did not significantly alter lesion area. Jejunal apoA-I synthesis and plasma apoA-I levels were increased 2- to 3-fold in mice receiving DMPC but not soy or egg lecithin. Conclusions— DMPC (but not lecithin) raises HDL cholesterol and apoA-I, improves HDL function, and prevents lesions or causes their regression in apoE-null mice.
Sirolimus-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis promotes the in vivo expansion of regulatory T cells and permits peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors
Authors: J Peccatori, A Forcina, D Clerici, R Crocchiolo, L Vago, M T L Stanghellini, M Noviello, C Messina, A Crotta, A Assanelli, S Marktel, S Olek, S Mastaglio, F Giglio, L Crucitti, A Lorusso, E Guggiari, F Lunghi, M Carrabba, M Tassara, M Battaglia, A Ferraro, M R Carbone, G Oliveira, M G Roncarolo, S Rossini, M Bernardi, C Corti, M Marcatti, F Patriarca, M Zecca, F Locatelli, C Bordignon, K Fleischhauer, A Bondanza, C Bonini, F Ciceri
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Abstract 4697: Identification, characterization and effects of inhibitors of the human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) protein
Authors: Ajay Srinivasan, Xiang-Qun Xie, Robert W. Sobol, Barry Gold
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) protein has distinct and possibly related functional roles in DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Due to its significant role in DNA repair, APE1 is a viable target for chemotherapeutic drugs; inhibition of DNA repair activity of APE1 potentates the cytotoxic effect of lesions caused by DNA-reactive drugs. Using a combination of in silico screening as well as in vitro enzyme-inhibition assays, we identified strong in vitro inhibitors (IC50 &amp;lt; 1 μM) of the APE1 protein. Using human glioblastoma (T98G) cells, it was demonstrated that these inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA damaging agents, especially alkylators, and that these compounds also cause increased accumulation of intracellular abasic sites. We investigated the association of the inhibitors with APE1 protein and DNA by means of CD, UV and fluorescence spectroscopies, and by a fluorescent intercalator/groove binder displacement assay. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4697. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4697