tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of hip fracture associated with hepatitis c virus infection and hepatitis C/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection
Authors: Vincent Lo Re, Jessica Volk, Craig W. Newcomb, Yu-Xiao Yang, Cristin P. Freeman, Sean Hennessy, Jay R. Kostman, Pablo Tebas, Mary B. Leonard, Russell A. Localio
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with reduced bone mineral density, but its association with fracture rates is unknown, particularly in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Our aims were to determine whether persons with HCV infection alone are at increased risk for hip fracture, compared to uninfected individuals, and to examine whether the risk of hip fracture is higher among HCV/HIV-coinfected persons, compared to those with HCV alone, those with HIV alone, and those uninfected with either virus. We conducted a cohort study in 36,950 HCV/HIV-coinfected, 276,901 HCV-monoinfected, 95,827 HIV-monoinfected, and 3,110,904 HCV/HIV-uninfected persons within the U.S. Medicaid populations of California, Florida, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania (1999-2005). Incidence rates of hip fracture were lowest among uninfected persons (1.29 events/1,000 person-years), increased with the presence of either HIV infection (1.95 events/1,000 person-years) or HCV infection (2.69 events/1,000 person-years), and were highest among HCV/HIV-coinfected individuals (3.06 events/1,000 person-years). HCV/HIV coinfection was associated with an increased relative hazard (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval; CI]) of hip fracture, compared to HCV-monoinfected (HR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25-1.53), HIV-monoinfected (females: HR, 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44-2.16; males: HR, 1.36; 95% CI: 1.20-1.55), and HCV/HIV-uninfected persons (females: HR, 2.65; 95% CI: 2.21-3.17; males: HR, 2.20; 95% CI: 1.97-2.47). HCV monoinfection was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, compared to uninfected individuals, and the relative increase was highest in the youngest age groups (females, 18-39 years: HR, 3.56; 95% CI: 2.93-4.32; males, 18-39 years: HR, 2.40; 95% CI: 2.02-2.84).Among Medicaid enrollees, HCV/HIV coinfection was associated with increased rates of hip fracture, compared to HCV-monoinfected, HIV-monoinfected, and HCV/HIV-uninfected persons. HCV-monoinfected patients had an increased risk of hip fracture, compared to uninfected individuals.
The 10 commandments of accident and emergency radiology
Authors: R Touquet, P Driscoll, D Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--A H Troughton and I Kendall1 and T F Beattie and colleagues2 comment on our article giving 10 commandments of accident and emergency radiology.3 As we stated in the introduction, the article was written for inexperienced senior house officers working in accident and emergency departments. The authors of the letters either did not read this or are unaware that, commonly, inexperienced accident and emergency doctors work without direct supervision.4

In answer to Troughton …
Radiolabeled ligands expand PET exploration of numerous normal, abnormal brain functions
Authors: D. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Randomized, 2-Period, Crossover Design Study to Assess the Effects of Dexlansoprazole, Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole, and Omeprazole on the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clopidogrel in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Andrew L. Frelinger, Ronald D. Lee, Darcy J. Mulford, Jingtao Wu, Sai Nudurupati, Anu Nigam, Julie K. Brooks, Deepak L. Bhatt, Alan D. Michelson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 1181: Expression studies from the PVT1 region of 8q24
Authors: Konrad Huppi, Jason Pitt, Brady Wahlberg, Tamara L. Jones, J. Frederic Mushinski, Siegfried Janz, Natasha J. Caplen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Several SNPs in the area surrounding the PVT1 noncoding gene region on human chromosome 8q24 have recently been found by Genome Wide Association (GWA) to be associated with susceptibility to a number of malignancies including Hodgkin's Lymphoma and other diseases including Type II Diabetes and End Stage Renal Disease in Type I Diabetes. This genetically unstable region is one of the most frequent targets of retroviral integration of the Human Papilloma Virus Type 18 (HPV18 in Cervical Carcinoma) and is the frequent target of chromosomal translocation in lymphoid malignancies such as Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [incl. Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBL)]. Gene amplification in carcinomas such as breast, prostate, ovarian, colon, pancreatic, esophageal, as well as osteogenic sarcoma usually encompasses the proximal region of PVT1 along with its well-known neighboring transcript, MYC, whereas chromosomal deletion (in hematodermic NK lymphoma) affects the distal segment of PVT1. In a search for functionality to PVT1, many laboratories (including our own) have cloned and sequenced transcripts from the PVT1 region from many species in addition to human, with the conclusion that PVT1 is a noncoding or lincRNA with many alternatively spliced isoforms. We have systematically documented these isoforms with a particular focus on promoter and regulatory elements that are found in the region. Our laboratory has also identified a cluster of at least 6 miRNAs (miR-1204∼1208) that span the PVT1 region adding yet another level of complexity to the locus. To begin to assign some function to PVT1 based transcripts in these disease phenotypes, we have made 4th generation (CMV promoter with WPE enhancer) over-expressing lentiviral constructs containing either a large segment of PVT1 (Exons 1b-10) or the most proximal and abundant miRNA, miR-1204. These constructs follow earlier studies with a 3rd generation lentivirus (CMV promoter) containing miR-1204 that rapidly generated DLBL in cooperation with MYC or IL6 transgenes (∼16 days or 82 days respectively). While these results pointed to over-expression of miR-1204 playing a specific role in the development of B cell malignancy, additional studies with the LentiCMV-miR-1204 construct in other tumor cell lines (prostate and breast) also revealed potential phenotypic changes in cell proliferation and migration. With the new 4th generation constructs, experiments are now underway in cell lines and mouse models to determine if over-expression of miR-1204 or PVT1 alone is sufficient to induce phenotypic changes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1181
The use of antihistamines in patients with asthma
Authors: R.Michael Sly, James P. Kemp, John A. Anderson, C.Warren Bierman, Milan L. Brandon, Herbert A. Bronstein, Earl B. Brown, Paul Chervinsky, Frederick C. Cogen, Robert J. Dockhorn, James G. Easton, Constantine J. Falliers, Ira Finegold, Sidney Friedlaender, Clifton Furukawa, Sherwin A. Gillman, Leonard S. Girsh, Israel Glazer, Nathan I. Handelman, Paul J. Hannaway, Leslie Hendeles, William E. Hermance, Gregory J. Kadlec, Roger M. Katz, Herbert S. Kaufman, Allan Knight, Daniel Kordansky, Richard A. Krumholz, James M. Labraico, Gilbert Lanoff, Robert N. Land, Richard L. London, Lloyd D. Mayer, William D. McKee, Eli O. Meltzer, Jerome Miller, Shirley Murphy, Richard A. Nicklas, Irwin Rappaport, Michael S. Rowe, Diane E. Schuller, Allen T. Segal, Gail G. Shapiro, Sheldon C. Siegel, Peter E. Siegler, F.Estelle R. Simons, Paul L. Sutton, Stanley J. Szefler, Andor Szentivanyi, James I. Tennenbaum, Donald L. Thruston, Raymond E. Tobey, Miles Weinberger, Michael J. Welch, Thomas R. Woehler, Minoru Yamate, Burton Zweiman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Effect of tranexamic acid on platelet ADP during extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Gerald Soslau, Jan Horrow, Isadore Brodsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Seventeen adults received the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid during cardiac surgery utilizing extracorporeal circulation (ECC). In 8 patients, drug administration began prior to skin incision (pre‐ECC); infusions commenced after ECC and protamine administration in another 9 patients (post‐ECC). Compared with the post‐ECC group, the pre‐ECC group exhibited less bleeding via mediastinal drains (420 vs. 655 mL/12 h median, P = 0.024), decreased frequency of the presence (≥10 γg/mL) of fibrin split products ( P &lt; 0.05), and greater platelet dense granule content of adenosine diphosphate after surgery (15.47 vs. 4.05 nmoles/mg protein median, P = 0.021). Follow‐up in vitro study of tranexamic acid inhibition of plasmin‐induced platelet activation utilizing normal human platelet rich plasma and porcine plasmin revealed a 13‐fold lower concentration of tranexamic acid for 50% inhibition when plasmin was preincubated with the drug (1.2 γg/mL, 95% CI = 1.13 – 1.60 γg/mL) compared to when platelet rich plasma was preincubated with the drug (16 γg/mL, 95% CI = 7.3 – 99. γg/mL). Plasmin inactivated with tranexamic acid retained its ability to inhibit thrombininduced platelet activation, thus suggesting that tranexamic acid inhibits plasmin's catalytic activity and not its binding to platelets. Both clot lysis and platelet dysfunction may contribute to bleeding after ECC. Tranexamic acid blocks plasmin‐induced partial platelet activation during ECC, thus preserving platelet function and promoting hemostasis after ECC.
Abstract PR6: A cooperative molecular response to combined mTOR/HDAC inhibition revealed by transcriptional co-expression analysis
Authors: John Kyle Simmons, Beverly A. Mock, Aleksandra Michalowski, Jyoti Patel, Bih-Rong Wei, R. Mark Simpson, W. Michael Kuehl, Shuling Zhang, Ke Zhang, Ola Landgren
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Identification of biologically relevant molecular targets responding cooperatively to drug combinations is challenging, yet potentially useful in predicting clinical outcomes. We found that combining sirolimus (rapamycin), an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), with entinostat (MS-275), a selective class I histone deacytlase (HDAC) inhibitor, was synergistic in controlling 90% of tested cell lines derived from B cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and murine plasmacytoma, in vitro, and effective in limiting xenograft growth in vivo. To understand the transcriptional underpinnings of the drug synergy, weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was adapted to analyze gene expression profile data from cells treated with sirolimus and entinostat individually and in combination. WGCNA delineated the contribution of each inhibitor to the overall gene expression change of the combination by considering not only measures of fold-change and significance testing, but also the degree of gene expression interconnectedness. A co-expression network consisting of five gene modules was defined, where each module represents a unique transcriptional effect of the drug combination. In the next phase of analysis, each gene module was individually tested for functional and clinical enrichment. The module containing genes cooperatively affected by both compounds was highly enriched (p&amp;lt;0.001) for genes involved in cell cycle, immune recognition, and DNA damage/repair, which we have validated. Gene set enrichment analysis of each drug-induced gene expression module demonstrated that genes of all five modules were significantly enriched when healthy donors were compared to MM patients. Finally, interrogation of the cooperative drug signature in patient GEP datasets with survival annotation found it predictive of increased survival (p&amp;lt;0.01), thus linking the drug combination-induced transcriptional changes to predictions for enhanced survival. Thus, systems-level genomic approaches identified markers and a gene signature associated with drug combination activity, disease specificity, and clinical potential. This proffered talk is also presented as Poster A16. Citation Format: John Kyle Simmons, Beverly A. Mock, Aleksandra Michalowski, Jyoti Patel, Bih-Rong Wei, R. Mark Simpson, W. Michael Kuehl, Shuling Zhang, Ke Zhang, Ola Landgren. Sorger. A cooperative molecular response to combined mTOR/HDAC inhibition revealed by transcriptional co-expression analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR6.
Clonal Type I Interferon–producing and Dendritic Cell Precursors Are Contained in Both Human Lymphoid and Myeloid Progenitor Populations
Authors: Laurie Chicha, David Jarrossay, Markus G. Manz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Because of different cytokine responsiveness, surface receptor, and transcription factor expression, human CD11c− natural type I interferon–producing cells (IPCs) and CD11c+ dendritic cells were thought to derive through lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic developmental pathways, respectively. To directly test this hypothesis, we used an in vitro assay allowing simultaneous IPC, dendritic cell, and B cell development and we tested lymphoid and myeloid committed hematopoietic progenitor cells for their developmental capacity. Lymphoid and common myeloid and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors were capable of developing into both functional IPCs, expressing gene transcripts thought to be associated with lymphoid lineage development, and into dendritic cells. However, clonal progenitors for both populations were about fivefold more frequent within myeloid committed progenitor cells. Thus, in humans as in mice, natural IPC and dendritic cell development robustly segregates with myeloid differentiation. This would fit with natural interferon type I–producing cell and dendritic cell activity in innate immunity, the evolutionary older arm of the cellular immune system.
Actin and ERK1/2-CEBPβ signaling mediates phagocytosis-induced innate immune response of osteoprogenitor cells
Authors: Heon Goo Lee, Hiroshi Minematsu, Kyung Ok Kim, Ayse B. Celil Aydemir, Mike J. Shin, Saqib A. Nizami, Kook Jin Chung, Anny C. Hsu, Christopher R. Jacobs, Francis Youngin Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
miR-380-5p represses p53 to control cellular survival and is associated with poor outcome in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma
Authors: Alexander Swarbrick, Susan L Woods, Alexander Shaw, Asha Balakrishnan, Yuwei Phua, Akira Nguyen, Yvan Chanthery, Lionel Lim, Lesley J Ashton, Robert L Judson, Noelle Huskey, Robert Blelloch, Michelle Haber, Murray D Norris, Peter Lengyel, Christopher S Hackett, Thomas Preiss, Albert Chetcuti, Christopher S Sullivan, Eric G Marcusson, William Weiss, Noelle L'Etoile, Andrei Goga
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
What is an (abstract) neural representation of quantity?
Authors: Manuela Piazza, Veronique Izard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We argue that Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh's (CK&amp;W's) definitions of neural coding and of abstract representations are overly shallow, influenced by classical cognitive psychology views of modularity and seriality of information processing, and incompatible with the current knowledge on principles of neural coding. As they stand, the proposed dichotomies are not very useful heuristic tools to guide our research towards a better understanding of the neural computations underlying the processing of numerical quantity in the parietal cortex.
Periodic Dialysis in Terminal Uremia
Authors: Romeo Abella
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Twenty-three patients with end-stage renal failure were treated with periodic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis during a period of three years. Good results were achieved in ten patients, fair results in five, and poor results in eight. Failure of rehabilitation was attributed to development of disabling complications and lack of sustained patient cooperation. Complications included accelerated hypertension, circulatory congestion, uremic pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, hemorrhage, infection, and difficulties related to indwelling arteriovenous cannulas. Peritoneal dialysis was less effective than hemodialysis and was inevitably associated with serious technical problems when permanent peritoneal conduits were implanted into the abdomen.
Noncholesterol sterols in bile and stones of patients with cholesterol and pigment stones
Authors: T E Miettinen, Y A Kesaniemi, H Gylling, H Jarvinen, E Silvennoinen, T A Miettinen
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Human bile and cholesterol gallstones contain sterols including methylated (lanosterol and other dimethyl and monomethyl sterols), and demethylated cholesterol precursor sterols (Δ 8-lathosterol, lathosterol, and desmosterol), plant sterols (campesterol and sitosterol), and cholestanol. The aim of the study was to analyze the noncholesterol sterols in gallbladder bile and stones from female and male patients with cholesterol stones (CS) and pigment stones (PS) to ascertain whether any sterol fraction contributes to the gallstone formation. Classification of gallstones to CS and PS was performed on the basis of the stone cholesterol content. The study group consisted of 165 consecutive cholecystectomized patients, 150 with CS and 15 with PS. Bile acids and sterols were quantitated using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The biliary lipid and noncholesterol sterol/cholesterol proportions were similar in the CS and PS patients. The proportions of methylated and plant sterols were significantly lower in the CS than in bile, whereas those of Δ 8 -lathosterol, lathosterol, and cholestanol were significantly higher. The PS, in contrast to the CS, were neither sex nor weight related. The bile acid and phospholipid concentrations and the proportions of lanosterol, Δ 8, 24 -dimethylsterol, and sitosterol were up to 50 times higher and those of Δ 8 -lathosterol and lathosterol twice lower in the PS than in the CS. The results suggest that, in general, the stones with low cholesterol content are proportionately richer in nonpolar precursor and plant sterols and lower in demethylated precursors, the situation being opposite for the CS. The stone/bile ratios suggest that in both stone groups, but especially in the CS, levels of the polar precursor sterols and cholestanol were enriched in the stone, whereas levels of the nonpolar precursor sterols, and to a lesser extent plant sterols, were not enriched in the stone despite their high biliary proportions.
Physicians Infected With HIV
Authors: Michael M. Lederman, Maxwell J. Mehlman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with dismay the statement regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected physicians issued by the American Medical Association (AMA) on January 17,1991, and reported in the<i>New York Times</i>on January 18, 1991 (p A17). This statement recommends that HIV-infected physicians abstain from performing invasive procedures that pose "an identifiable risk of transmission" or inform their patients of their infection. The AMA also advises physicians who are "at risk of acquiring HIV infection" and who perform "invasive procedures" to be tested for HIV infection. We agree that the safety of patients is paramount when there is a known risk. We believe, however, that the AMA's recommendations are unwarranted, imprecise, and not in the public interest. First, the risk of HIV transmission from an infected physician to a patient is not identifiable. A serosurvey of patients of an HIV-infected surgeon failed to identify a single HIV-infected patient without
A NEW CURETTE.
Authors: COURTNEY L. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Curetting the uterus for endometritis, subinvolution, retained products of conception, etc., has come to be a very common operation. It is deservedly recognized as a valuable procedure in these conditions, and accomplishes speedily what local treatment or the exhibition of medicines can not. It needs no argument to prove that unless curetting is thoroughly done, and the material scraped off is removed from the cavity of the uterus, the operation is apt to do more harm than good. I think the experience of the majority of physicians will bear me out in the statement that there is a large element of uncertainty in performing curettage with the ordinary spoon curette. We are never sure, in using this instrument, that we have not neglected to reach some portion of the mucous surface, or that some shreds of tissue have not been left behind to cause trouble. The instrument shown in the
Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn: Pathology, Radiology and Genetics
Authors: Michael A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This textbook contains four sections: first, an overview of general disease processes, and then a section for each of the title categories: pathology, radiology, and genetics.  Two chapters in the general disease section nicely address embryology, the neonatal period, and placenta with pathophysiology and morphological development adequately covered. Another chapter evaluates spontaneous abortion, recurrent fetal loss, and the malformed fetus. This chapter is excellent and provides a good review and approach for the obstetrician, pediatrician, pathologist, and geneticist. Evaluation of the fetus or tissue in pregnancy loss is a crucial examination, which is too often avoided or inadequately performed. It is unfortunate to discard or neglect the only potential source of explanation for a family of such a devastating event. Chapter four discusses congenital anomalies in a basic, general format, probably obviating its usefulness within this text.  The Brain initiates the section on pathology. Although such important associations as occipital