tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Resection of Benign Tumors of the Papilla of Vater
Authors: S. Bohnacker, N. Soehendra, H. Maguchi, J. Chung, D. Howell
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Most benign papillary tumors are adenomas which can potentially undergo the adenoma-carcinoma-sequence making complete removal mandatory for curative therapy. Endoscopic resection (papillectomy) of these lesions is being increasingly performed as a less traumatic alternative to surgery. Available data shows endoscopic papillectomy to be effective and safe in experienced hands with usually little morbidity and virtually no mortality. Success rates are around 80 % for lesions without intraductal involvement. Selected cases of limited distal intraductal involvement accessible after sphincterotomy may also be managed curatively by endoscopic resection. Endoscopic snare resection of entire lesions should be primarily regarded as a diagnostic procedure. It allows for an accurate histological diagnosis based on examination of the entire specimen rather than forceps biopsies and thus a reliable assessment of the need for surgical therapy. Subsequent surgery in operable patients is not precluded by previous endoscopic resection. Surgery is indicated in case of incomplete removal and if malignancy is present. The curative role of endoscopic papillectomy for early invasive carcinoma needs to be established. Histological features and individual risk for surgery are factors to be considered. Inoperable patients may still benefit from palliative endoscopic stenting. After endoscopic papillectomy has been completed, regular follow-up examinations including biopsies are warranted because of the risk of local recurrence. For benign looking papillary tumors, endoscopic papillectomy serves as a diagnostic tool and should be considered as first line procedure regardless of age. The following article details the approach to patients with benign papillary tumor and the technique of endoscopic papillectomy.
Targeting Transcriptional Addictions in Small Cell Lung Cancer with a Covalent CDK7 Inhibitor
Authors: Camilla L. Christensen, Nicholas Kwiatkowski, Brian J. Abraham, Julian Carretero, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Tinghu Zhang, Edmond Chipumuro, Grit S. Herter-Sprie, Esra A. Akbay, Abigail Altabef, Jianming Zhang, Takeshi Shimamura, Marzia Capelletti, Jakob B. Reibel, Jillian D. Cavanaugh, Peng Gao, Yan Liu, Signe R. Michaelsen, Hans S. Poulsen, Amir R. Aref, David A. Barbie, James E. Bradner, Rani E. George, Nathanael S. Gray, Richard A. Young, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Bioelectric properties of cystic fibrosis airways obtained at heart-lung transplantation.
Authors: E W Alton, D F Rogers, R Logan-Sinclair, M Yacoub, P J Barnes, D M Geddes
Journal: Thorax (1992)

The basic defect in cystic fibrosis centres on abnormal ion transport in affected tissues such as the respiratory tract. Heart-lung transplantation provides a limited supply of native lower airways from these patients. The feasibility of in vitro studies of bioelectric properties and ion fluxes in lower airways, obtained at heart-lung transplantation from patients with cystic fibrosis, has been assessed. Comparison was made with airways from patients without cystic fibrosis.Tissue segments were mounted in Ussing chambers under open circuit conditions. The basal potential difference in tissues from nine patients with cystic fibrosis was -3.6 mV (SE 0.3 mV), not different from tissues from 12 patients without cystic fibrosis of -3.6 mV (0.5 mV). Amiloride (10 microM) caused a significantly greater fall in potential difference in bronchi from patients with cystic fibrosis (83.5% (SE 2.9%)) than in those from controls (55.1% (7.1%)). Isoprenaline (100 microM) produced no significant change in bioelectric properties in non-cystic fibrosis tissues, but induced a 26.2% (6.3%) increase in potential difference in cystic fibrosis airways. The latter response was reduced by amiloride pretreatment. Mucosal chloride substituted Krebs-Henseleit solution caused no change in bioelectric properties in cystic fibrosis airways. Sodium substituted Krebs solution produced a substantial fall in potential difference similar in magnitude to that seen after amiloride. Isotropic flux measurements showed no significant differences between non-cystic fibrosis and cystic fibrosis airways. No net movement of Na+ or Cl- was detected under open circuit conditions in either group.Cystic fibrosis bronchi obtained at heart-lung transplantation provide a viable source of tissue for in vitro studies of bioelectric properties. The increased response to amiloride characteristic of the upper airways in cystic fibrosis is retained in these tissues, as is the reduced chloride conductance. Although no differences in isotopic fluxes were seen between non-cystic fibrosis and cystic fibrosis tissues, heavily infected airways from patients with cystic fibrosis may not be suitable for ion flux measurements.
Effects of Interleukin-2 (T CEll growth factor) upon murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis
Authors: Chiharu Kishimoto, Yoshito Kuroki, Hiroshi Ochiai, Masahiko Kurokava, Seihachiro Niwayama, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists
Authors: F. LABRIE, A. DUPONT, A. BÉLANGER, R. ST-ARNAUD, M. GIGUÈRE, Y. LACOURCIÈRE, J. EMOND, G. MONFETTE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

It is now well established that chronic treatment with GnRH agonists offers an advantageous alternative to orchiectomy and estrogens for the treatment of prostate cancer. Castration levels of androgens can thus be easily achieved without side effects other than those related to castration levels of serum androgens. However, man is unique among species in having a high secretion rate of precursor adrenal steroids which are converted into active androgens in the normal prostate and prostatic cancer. All the enzymes required for the transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol are present in prostatic tissue. Moreover, as shown in many systems, castration levels of serum testosterone (T) at 0.2-0.4 ng/ml exert significant androgenic activity in target tissues. In order to inhibit the action of androgens of both testicular and adrenal origin, GnRH agonists have been administered in association with the pure antiandrogen Flutamide in patients having clinical stage D2 (bone metastases) prostate cancer. A positive objective response assessed according to the criteria of the United States National Prostatic Cancer Project (USNPCP) has been observed in 84 of the 88 patients who had received no previous treatment (95.4%). After 2 yr of treatment, the probability of continuing response is 70% compared to 0-10% by previous approaches. In addition, the death rate at 2 yr is at 10.9% as compared to approximately 50% after standard hormonal therapy. When the same treatment was applied to patients who had received previous hormonal therapy (orchiectomy, estrogens or GnRH agonists alone) before showing a relapse, the response rate decreased to 62.9% and the death rate at 2 yr was 52%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ammonia detoxification via ureagenesis in rat hepatocytes involves mitochondrial aquaporin-8 channels
Authors: Leandro R. Soria, Julieta Marrone, Giuseppe Calamita, Raúl A. Marinelli
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatocyte mitochondrial ammonia detoxification via ureagenesis is critical for the prevention of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels facilitate the membrane transport of ammonia. Because AQP8 is expressed in hepatocyte inner mitochondrial membranes (IMMs), we studied whether mitochondrial AQP8 (mtAQP8) plays a role in ureagenesis from ammonia. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting two different regions of the rat AQP8 molecule or with scrambled control siRNA. After 48 hours, the levels of mtAQP8 protein decreased by approximately 80% (P < 0.05) without affecting cell viability. mtAQP8 knockdown cells in the presence of ammonium chloride showed a decrease in ureagenesis of approximately 30% (P < 0.05). Glucagon strongly stimulated ureagenesis in control hepatocytes (+120%, P < 0.05) but induced no significant stimulation in mtAQP8 knockdown cells. Contrarily, mtAQP8 silencing induced no significant change in basal and glucagon-induced ureagenesis when glutamine or alanine was used as a source of nitrogen. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies using 15N-labeled ammonia confirmed that glucagon-induced 15N-labeled urea synthesis was markedly reduced in mtAQP8 knockdown hepatocytes (-90%, P < 0.05). In vivo studies in rats showed that under glucagon-induced ureagenesis, hepatic mtAQP8 protein expression was markedly up-regulated (+160%, P < 0.05). Moreover, transport studies in liver IMM vesicles showed that glucagon increased the diffusional permeability to the ammonia analog [(14) C]methylamine (+80%, P < 0.05).Hepatocyte mtAQP8 channels facilitate the mitochondrial uptake of ammonia and its metabolism into urea, mainly under glucagon stimulation. This mechanism may be relevant to hepatic ammonia detoxification and in turn, avoid the deleterious effects of hyperammonemia.
Chlamydia screening in young people fails to reduce prevalence
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

One in six people under 25 is being screened for chlamydia after six years of a national screening programme in England, which is still below the target needed to reduce its prevalence, a report says this week.

The report from the National Audit Office, which scrutinises public spending on behalf of parliament, warns that testing levels are only just beginning to reach the point where they are likely to significantly reduce the prevalence of chlamydia. It argues that a lack of central organisation, with the programme being delivered locally by primary care trusts, has resulted in inefficiency and duplication of effort.

The Department of Health launched a national chlamydia screening programme in 2003, taking an opportunistic approach to contacting people under the age of 25 and testing in various settings, including schools and youth centres as well as NHS centres. Chlamydia is the most commonly diagnosed …
TCT-474 Is Early Stent Thrombosis Reduced in Cobalt-Chromium Everolimus-Eluting Stent in Humans?
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kenichi Sakakura, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Robert Kutys, Elena Ladich, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Permanent pacemaker implantation in infants, children, and adolescents. Long-term follow-up.
Authors: J Benrey, P C Gillette, A T Nasrallah, G L Hallman
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Twenty-four patients in the pediatric age range who underwent implantation of a cardiac pacemaker for treatment of complete atrioventricular (A-V) block were followed for an average of five years (range 1-12 years). The etiology of the A-V block was surgical in 13 cases, congenital in nine, and acquired in two. Twenty patients had symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency and four had congestive heart failure. To date, 18 of the 24 patients studied are alive and well. Death occurred in six patients, five of whom had complex congenital heart defects, and one of whom had Refsum's disease. Death probably was caused by complete heart block despite pacemaker treatment in four patients, and congestive heart failure in two. In 18 of the 24 children with disabling complete A-V block, pacemaker therapy provided relief of symptoms and prolonged life.
Effect of Anabolic Steroids on Liver Function Tests and Creatine Excretion
Authors: Gilbert H. Marquardt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Six drugs classified as anabolic steroids and capable of producing appreciable nitrogen retention in the body were studied with respect to their effects on the activity of the liver. Four tests of liver function (sulfobromophthalein retention, serum bilirubin, serum lactic dehydrogenase, and total creatinine chromogen) were applied in 38 healthy men. The steroid most used was norethandrolone, given intramuscularly. In addition a comparison between intramuscular and oral routes of administration was made in 16 convalescent patients. Norethandrolone was found to be the most toxic of the 6 steroids tested. All increased the retention of sulfobromophthalein and the excretion of creatinine; none affected the serum bilirubin. The route of administration did not make a significant difference.
MEDICAL PROBLEMS FROM VIETNAM
Authors: HARVEY REBACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 July 1968MEDICAL PROBLEMS FROM VIETNAMHARVEY REBACKHARVEY REBACKSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-1-168 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the article "Potential Medical Problems in Returnees from Vietnam" (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 662, 1968), it was stated that the most frequently employed regimen in the treatment of falciparum malaria is quinine sulfate, 650 mg three times a day for 14 days together with pyrimethamine, 25 mg three times a day for 3 days, and dapsone, 25 mg/day.In July 1967 this regimen was changed to quinine sulfate, 650 mg three times a day for 10 days, together with pyrimethanine, 25 mg twice a day for 3 days, and dapsone, 25 mg/day, after Rogoway (USARV Med....References References1. Excerpts selected and translated from "Le Service De Santé En Indochine 1946-1954." Google Scholar2. CIFARELLI PS: Acute amebic colitis. USARV Med. Bull. 2: 19, 1967. Google Scholar3. STAM WP: Laboratory aids in the mangement of some common diarrheas in the tropics. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59: 712, 1965. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. PRAKASH OM: Intestinal parasites with special reference to Entamoeba histolytica complex as revealed by routine, concentrated and cultural examination of stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Indian J. Med. Res. 54: 10, 1966. Google Scholar1. HARDY AV: Current problems in enteric infections. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 51: 609, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ANDREWS J: The diagnosis of intestinal protozoa from purged and normally-passed stools. J. Parasitol. 20: 253, 1934. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. HOODSODEMANAKENHEAD MWAWR: Comparison of the effectiveness of the examination of multiple stools and proctoscopic material for the detection of amebiasis. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1: 539, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HARVEY REBACKAffiliations: MC USAR 110 Brisbon Rd. Somerset, Mass. 02726 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by6 Recent Advances in the Chemotherapy of MalariaMalaria: Host-Defense Mechanisms and ComplicationsFRANKLIN A. NEVA, M.D., JOHN N. SHEAGREN, M.D., N. RAPHAEL SHULMAN, M.D., CRAIG J. CANFIELDChapter 12. Human Antiparasitic Agents 1 July 1968Volume 69, Issue 1Page: 168-170KeywordsMalariaPyrimethamineQuinine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
A nonsynonymous functional variant in integrin-αM (encoded by ITGAM) is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Swapan K Nath, Shizhong Han, Xana Kim-Howard, Jennifer A Kelly, Parvathi Viswanathan, Gary S Gilkeson, Wei Chen, Cheng Zhu, Rodger P McEver, Robert P Kimberly, Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme, Timothy J Vyse, Quan-Zhen Li, Edward K Wakeland, Joan T Merrill, Judith A James, Kenneth M Kaufman, Joel M Guthridge, John B Harley
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
miR-34a, miR-29c and miR-17-5p are downregulated in CLL patients with TP53 abnormalities
Authors: M Mraz, K Malinova, J Kotaskova, S Pavlova, B Tichy, J Malcikova, K Stano Kozubik, J Smardova, Y Brychtova, M Doubek, M Trbusek, J Mayer, S Pospisilova
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Ethics and High Blood Pressure
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Dr. Irvine Page is one of America's most distinquished physicians. A senior statesman in medical affairs and a notable contributor to our knowledge of hypertension, he is also a vigorous and unabashed editorialist. In his fortnightly comments in Modern Medicine, he extolls common sense, the individual, and old fashioned virtues; but government, edict by committees, and Las Vegas living invite some of his more caustic comments. He also has little use for planners, behavioralists, and other social scientists who would tell doctors how to practice medicine. The science of ethics makes him scratch his head. "Study of ethical problems . . .
Molecular diagnosis of deep nodular bacillary angiomatosis and monitoring of therapeutic success
Authors: E.-M. SCHLÜPEN, C.G. SCHIRREN, L. HOEGL, M. SCHALLER, M. VOLKENANDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 51-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive male patient (CDC stage 3C) had had a painful nodule on his left external ankle joint for 10 months. A biopsy suggested bacillary angiomatosis, but Kaposi's sarcoma could not be excluded. Rods were detectable in lesional skin by a Warthin-Starry stain. A 298 base pair (bp) gene fragment specific for Bartonella species was amplified from lesional skin and direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplification product clearly identified Bartonella quintana. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus specific DNA was not amplifiable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in our patient, suggesting that the lesion represented bacillary angiomatosis alone, despite clinical and histopathological features which suggested the coexistence of bacillary angiomatosis and Kaposi's sarcoma. The lesion regressed after erythromycin was prescribed. However, 4 and 9 weeks after initiation of therapy, PCR still yielded a positive result in material obtained by a swab. After complete healing, following 12 weeks of antibiotic therapy. PCR became consistently negative. The optimal length of antibiotic treatment in HIV-positive patients with bacillary angiomatosis is not yet known and inadequate therapy may be followed by disseminated disease and a fatal outcome. PCR-based monitoring of the success of treatment is valuable for determining the duration of treatment resulting in a cure.
Environmental Hazards
Authors: John B. Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IONIZING radiation is by definition radiation that causes ionization in material on which it impinges. Such radiation may consist of energetic particles or electromagnetic waves, either of which are characterized by their ability to penetrate tissues and deposit their energy within them in a random fashion along their paths. These characteristics, ionization and penetration, differentiate ionizing radiation from electromagnetic radiations of longer wavelength such as visible and ultraviolet light, which have insufficient energy to produce ionization or to penetrate more than a few microns below the incident surface. It should be pointed out that ionization is but the initial event . . .
A COMPARISON OCULAR
Authors: DANIEL J. HEALY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

While working on certain changes in the tissues of the guinea-pig, it proved of great advantage, in observing the finer changes, to use two microscopes side by side, one showing the normal tissues and the one the abnormal tissues. On Jan. 29, 1912, I communicated with Mr. Edward Bausch, suggesting that a microscope be so equipped with two objectives, "that on looking through the eyepiece one would see half of the field of each objective." The Bausch and Lomb Optical Company kindly worked out the idea, using, however, two microscopes and one comparison ocular, which method is more practical and less expensive than that of two objectives on one microscope.
Personal paper: writing prescriptions is easy
Authors: M. Marinker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To write prescriptions is easy, but to come to an understanding of people is hard.

Franz Kafka, A Country Doctor 

Only about 50% of patients with chronic diseases take their medicines in therapeutically effective doses.1 Although the cost of non-compliance in illness and premature death is staggering, the issue has been neglected in the debates on healthcare resources and rationing. This week a working party of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain publishes its report on medicine taking.2 It was set up to consider the scale and consequences of non-compliance and to make recommendations. Many of our group, which was made up of doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and social scientists, admitted early on that we rarely took medicines as prescribed. Some confessed to abandoning courses of antibiotics after the first day or two. After we reviewed published work it became apparent that non-compliance might be no more deviant behaviour …
The Changing Pattern of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thomas R. Littler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

The introduction by Hench, Kendall, Slocumb, and Polley (1949) of 17-hydroxy- 1 1-dehydrocorticosterone (" Compound E "; "Cortisone ") as a therapeutic measure in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, has aroused world-wide interest in the pathogenesis of this ancient disease.Since 1859, when A. B. Garrod first proposed the name rheumatoid arthritis, our knowledge of the pathological processes underlying the disease has progressed slowly, but the introduction of cortisone has added a much-needed impetus to research in this field.In the past, rheumatoid arthritis has been regarded as a non-suppurative polyarthritis of unknown aetiology (Davidson, 1948).Recently, a broader outlook has been adopted, and the question has been raised whether the condition is in itself a single entity, or is a name given to a group of closely linked clinical pictures.Kersley (1947) has observed that, whilst many cases of rheumatoid arthritis appear to be clearly defined, there are many intermediate cases, and many common factors.In this way, the concept of " rheumatoid variants " has arisen, and in presenting this paper, I hope to strengthen the concept that rheumatoid arthritis is not a single disease entity, but a tissue reaction pattern of multiform character.The basic tissue reaction is probably produced as a result of the inter- action between the body defence mechanisms and various noxa.According to Selye (1948Selye ( , 1949)), the defence mechanism revolves around the pituitary-adrenal axis, and the noxa are defined as various forms of stress.The present paper is confined to a description of two clinical pictures-Sjogren's disease and Reiter's syndrome.In a further communication to be published later, it will be suggested that there are at least six other syndromes which adhere closely to the basic tissue reaction pattern associated with rheumatoid arthritis.This last, which is fairly well defined, may be regarded as the parent or foremost example of this abnormal tissue reaction; the other less well defined clinical syn- dromes or variants merit further study, since analysis of them may further promote our still scanty knowledge of the parent condition.