tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormality in subsequent pregnancy.
Authors: A Gardiner, C Clarke, J Cowen, R Finn, O McKendrick
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a prospective survey neural tube defects and other congenital abnormalities were studied in the babies born to 510 mothers ascertained during pregnancy. The women were divided into two groups according to the outcome of their immediately preceding pregnancy. Those whose preceding pregnancy had resulted in a spontaneous abortion (256 women) formed the index cases; those in whom the outcome had been a normal baby (254 women) served as controls. There was a highly significant increased number of congenital abnormalities in the index cases. This may possibly be explained by the trophoblastic "rest" hypothesis and suggests that spontaneous abortions are more relevent to congenital abnormalities than has been thought.
2009 H1N1 Virus Transmission and Outbreaks
Authors: Timothy M. Uyeki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The emergence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus prompted early questions about how the virus was spreading and how easily it was transmitted, along with uncertainty about disease severity, clinical complications and risk factors for severe disease, and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment and control measures. Without a vaccine against the 2009 H1N1 virus, early control measures included both pharmaceutical interventions (the use of antiviral agents) and nonpharmaceutical interventions (e.g., school closures, isolation, and quarantine), depending on the specific outbreak setting, available resources, and goals. The use of these interventions varied according to country and the evolution of the . . .
All-trans-retinoic acid stimulates synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose in renal LLC-PK1 cells.
Authors: K W Beers, E N Chini, T P Dousa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Cyclic adenosine diphospho-ribose (cADPR) triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and is therefore proposed to function as a second messenger in cellular signaling; however, an extracellular stimulus, i.e., first messenger (hormone or autacoid) that modulates cADPR metabolism has not been identified. We discovered that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a potent stimulus to increase cADPR synthesis by cultured LLC-PK1 cells. The stimulation of cADPR synthesis by atRA is dose dependent between 0.1 nM and 1 microM (maximum increase approximately delta + 600%), while atRA does not alter the rate of cADPR hydrolysis by LLC-PK1 cells. The activity of other intrinsic apical membrane enzymes was not significantly altered. The stimulation of cADPR synthesis by atRA occurs after a lag period of 6-8 h, and the stimulation is inhibited by actinomycin D and by cycloheximide. Our results therefore demonstrate that atRA in physiological concentrations is a potent extracellular stimulus, first messenger, that enhances cADPR synthesis, and the effect of atRA requires de novo protein synthesis. We suggest that some of the diverse biologic actions of atRA such as morphogenetic and cell differentiation may be mediated via cADPR.
Quantification of aortic valvular regurgitation in dogs by nuclear imaging.
Authors: R H Baxter, L C Becker, P O Alderson, P Rigo, H N Wagner, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Radionuclide gated cardiac blood pool (GBP) imaging was used to quantitatively assess the severity of acute aortic valvular regurgitation produced experimentally in 10 anesthetized dogs. Right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) stroke counts (end-diastolic minus end-systolic counts in RV and LV regions of interest) were used as indices of the stroke volumes of the two ventricles. Regurgitant fraction (RFGBP) was derived by assuming that an excess of LV stroke counts compared to RV stroke counts was due to regurgitant flow: RFGBP = LV stroke counts - RV stroke counts/LV stroke counts X 100. Regurgitant fraction (RFEMF) was also estimated directly from an electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) on the ascending aorta. Mean RFEMF was 55.8 +/- 17.9% (+/-SD). Close agreement was found between regurgitant fractions measured by GBP and EMF (RFGBP = 1.09, RFEMF - 4.7%, r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, SEE = 9.98%). The severity of regurgitation from blood pool images also correlated closely with aortic pulse pressure (r = 0.89) and the length of the tear in the aortic valve (r = 0.84). These results suggest that blood pool imaging may be sueful for noninvasive quantification of regurgitant flow in patients with valvular insufficiency.
Left Atrial Receptor Discharge during Atrial Arrhythmias in the Dog
Authors: IRVING H. ZUCKER, JOSEPH P. GILMORE
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Afferent receptor discharge originating in the atria was recorded from slips of the cervical vagus in the open-chest dog. The activity of two types of atrial receptor endings was identified. Type A receptors exhibited a discharge pattern that was synchronous with the a wave of the atrial pressure pulse in the control recordings, and type B receptors discharged only during the v wave of the atrial pressure pulse in the control recordings. Atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillation) were induced by mechanical stimulation of the area around the sinoatrial node. During atrial arrhythmias, there was a moderate rise in mean left atrial pressure (7.5 ± 0.7 cm H 2 O to 8.6 ± 0.6 cm H 2 O during arrhythmias in which type B receptors were studied, 6.1 ± 0.1 cm H 2 O to 7.8 ± 0.4 cm H 2 O during arrhythmias in which type A receptors were studied), a fall in aortic blood pressure, and a decrease in right atrial force. Atrial contractions were asynchronous and rapid. Type A atrial receptors showed a relatively greater increase in discharge (184.1%) during fibrillation than did type B atrial receptors (27.5%). These experiments demonstrated that both types of atrial receptors increased their discharge rate during atrial arrhythmias, indicating that they might be involved in a reflex diuresis which occurs during these arrhythmias in humans.
Red Blood Cell Deformability in Sepsis
Authors: OGUZ K. BASKURT, DAVID GELMONT, HERBERT J. MEISELMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The microcirculatory disturbances in sepsis have prompted micropore bulk-filtration studies of red blood cell (RBC) mechanical behavior (i.e., deformability). However, these prior reports may not solely reflect RBC behavior because of possible white blood cell (WBC) occlusion of the filter pores. The present study was designed to examine RBC mechanical alterations in human and experimental sepsis using techniques that are not affected by WBC artifacts. RBC were obtained from adult patients with sepsis and from healthy control donors. RBC were also obtained from Swiss-albino rats in which experimental sepsis was induced via cecal ligation-puncture. Red cell mechanical behavior was tested using a computerized micropore filtration system (CTA) and a laser-diffraction shearing device (LORCA); the latter provides the extent of RBC deformation at various stresses and the time constant for RBC shape recovery. Salient findings include: (1) for human RBC, significantly decreased deformability at fluid shear stresses < 5 Pa (LORCA) yet no differences from control with the CTA; (2) for rat RBC in experimental sepsis, significant decreases of deformability and shape-recovery time constant (LORCA) but no differences with the CTA. We conclude that RBC deformability is reduced in sepsis but that micropore bulk-filtration methods may not be appropriate for detecting these changes.
Activation of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 by 6-Mercaptopurine Protects Against Neointima Formation
Authors: Nuno M.M. Pires, Thijs W.H. Pols, Margreet R. de Vries, Claudia M. van Tiel, Peter I. Bonta, Mariska Vos, E. Karin Arkenbout, Hans Pannekoek, J. Wouter Jukema, Paul H.A. Quax, Carlie J.M. de Vries
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Restenosis is a common complication after percutaneous coronary interventions and is characterized by excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We have shown that the nuclear receptor Nur77 protects against SMC-rich lesion formation, and it has been demonstrated that 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) enhances Nur77 activity. We hypothesized that 6-MP inhibits neointima formation through activation of Nur77. Methods and Results— It is demonstrated that 6-MP increases Nur77 activity in cultured SMCs, which results in reduced [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, whereas Nur77 small interfering RNA knockdown partially restores DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we studied the effect of 6-MP in a murine model of cuff-induced neointima formation. Nur77 mRNA is upregulated in cuffed arteries, with optimal expression after 6 hours and elevated expression up to 7 days after vascular injury. Local perivascular delivery of 6-MP with a drug-eluting cuff significantly inhibits neointima formation in wild-type mice. Locally applied 6-MP does not affect inflammatory responses or apoptosis but inhibits expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and enhances protein levels of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 Kip1 in the vessel wall. An even stronger inhibition of neointima formation in response to local 6-MP delivery was observed in transgenic mice that overexpressed Nur77. In contrast, 6-MP does not alter lesion formation in transgenic mice that overexpress a dominant-negative variant of Nur77 in arterial SMCs, which provides evidence for the involvement of Nur77-like factors. Conclusions— Enhancement of the activity of Nur77 by 6-MP protects against excessive SMC proliferation and SMC-rich neointima formation. We propose that activation of the nuclear receptor Nur77 is a rational approach to treating in-stent restenosis.
Streptomycin Treatment of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Benedict F. Massell, J. Wallace Zeller, James W. Dow, Donald Harting, Mary Meyeserian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

A CASE of bacterial endocarditis due to a gram-negative organism belonging to the genus Hemophilus is reported for two reasons: it is one of the early reported recoveries following treatment with streptomycin — perhaps the first patient of this kind to recover without any other therapy; and recovery followed a shorter course of treatment than would ordinarily be planned.Case ReportS. K., a 9-year-old girl, entered the House of the Good Samaritan on June 28, 1946, complaining of fever of about 3 months' duration. Her birth and early development were thought to have been normal. At 4 years. of . . .
Self-Reported Physical Activity Is Associated With β-Cell Function in Mexican American Adults
Authors: Zhanghua Chen, Mary Helen Black, Richard M. Watanabe, Enrique Trigo, Miwa Takayanagi, Jean M. Lawrence, Thomas A. Buchanan, Anny H. Xiang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and diabetes-related quantitative traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The observational cohort was 1,152 Mexican American adults with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, and self-reported dietary and PA questionnaires. PA was categorized into three mutually exclusive groups according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PA guidelines for Americans: low (vigorous &amp;lt;75 min/week and moderate &amp;lt;150 min/week), moderate (vigorous ≥75 min/week or moderate ≥150 min/week), and high (vigorous ≥75 min/week and moderate ≥150 min/week). Trends in PA groups were tested for association with metabolic traits in a cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS The participants’ mean age was 35 years (range, 18–66 years), mean BMI was 29.6 kg/m2, and 73% were female. Among them, 501 (43%), 448 (39%), and 203 (18%) were classified as having low, moderate, and high PA, respectively. After adjustment for age, a higher PA was significantly associated with lower 2-h glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h insulin and greater β-cell function (P = 0.001, 0.0003, 0.0001, and 0.004, respectively). The association did not differ significantly by sex. Results were similar after further adjustment for age, sex, BMI, or percent body fat. CONCLUSIONS An increasing level of PA is associated with a better glucose and insulin profile and enhanced β-cell function that is not explained by differences in BMI or percent body fat. Our results suggest that PA can be beneficial to β-cell function and glucose regulation independent of obesity.
Management of Malignant Strictures of the Cervical Esophagus with a Newly-Designed Self-Expanding Metal Stent
Authors: C. S. Shim, I. S. Jung, S. Bhandari, C. B. Ryu, S. J. Hong, J. O. Kim, J. Y. Cho, J. S. Lee, M. S. Lee, B. S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Recently, the use of self-expanding metal stents has become a well-established method of palliative treatment for stenotic malignant diseases in the middle and distal esophagus. However, published results on the use of self-expanding metal stents in cervical esophageal cancer are somewhat limited by a paucity of clinical details and experience. A new self-expanding esophageal metal stent with a short upper flange 0.7 cm in length was studied prospectively in order to assess its efficacy for palliative treatment. This report presents experience in three patients in whom this new stent was used in the treatment of cervical esophageal cancers. Stent placement was successful in all three patients, with no serious complications such as esophageal perforation, hemorrhage, or foreign-body sensation. All of the patients experienced rapid improvement in dysphagia and clinical symptoms. The newly designed self-expanding stent can be of value in the treatment of stenotic cervical esophageal cancer.
Forward modelling requires intention recognition and non-impoverished predictions
Authors: Jan P. de Ruiter, Chris Cummins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We encourage Pickering &amp; Garrod (P&amp;G) to implement this promising theory in a computational model. The proposed theory crucially relies on having an efficient and reliable mechanism for early intention recognition. Furthermore, the generation of impoverished predictions is incompatible with a number of key phenomena that motivated P&amp;G's theory. Explaining these phenomena requires fully specified perceptual predictions in both comprehension and production.
Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service.
Authors: Mary Breckinridge
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Verapamil versus placebo in relieving stable angina pectoris.
Authors: M B Pine, P D Citron, D J Bailly, S Butman, G O Plasencia, D W Landa, R K Wong
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Verapamil and placebo were compared in patients with stable, effort-induced angina. Single-blind dose titration (240, 360 and 480 mg/day) preceded a double-blind crossover. Among the 18 patients who completed graded exercise stress tests with reproducible pretreatment effort-limiting angina, exercise duration increased from 348 +/- 127 seconds (SD) before treatment to 494 +/- 182 seconds after verapamil (p less than 0.001), but did not change after placebo. Compared with placebo, verapamil reduced the weekly number of anginal episodes from 4.54 +/- 5.03 to 2.44 +/- 3.30 (p less than 0.05) and reduced nitroglycerin consumption from 3.46 +/- 5.30 to 1.55 +/- 2.89 tablets per week (p less than 0.05). Of 26 patients who completed the single-blind dose titration, 16 were improved (greater than 1 minute) at a dosage of 240 or 360 mg/day. No patient improved (greater than 1 minute) on 480 mg/day who had not already improved on a lower dose, but side effects requiring reduction in dosage occurred in seven patients receiving 480 mg of verapamil per day. Verapamil is an effective antianginal drug that appears most efficacious at a dose of 360 mg/day, but side effects are common at a dose of 480 mg/day.
Atrial Fibrillation as a Potential Risk for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Seung-Jung Park, Tae-Jin Youn, Il-Young Oh, Kyung-Hee Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Han-Mo Yang, EunJu Chun, Goo-Yeong Cho, Dong-Ju Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
How New Insights in the Biology of Brain Metastases May Lead to the Identification of New Effective Medical Therapies
Authors: B. Gril, T. Bachelot, G. Romieu, C. Cropet, M. Campone, V. Diéras, M. Jimenez, F. Dalenc, E. Le Rhun, C. Labbe-Devilliers, F.J. Lagerwaard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression
Authors: Binwu Tang, Mary Vu, Timberly Booker, Steven J. Santner, Fred R. Miller, Miriam R. Anver, Lalage M. Wakefield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The TGF-β signaling network plays a complex role in carcinogenesis because it has the potential to act as either a tumor suppressor or a pro-oncogenic pathway. Currently, it is not known whether TGF-β can switch from tumor suppressor to pro-oncogenic factor during the course of carcinogenic progression in a single cell lineage with a defined initiating oncogenic event or whether the specific nature of the response is determined by cell type and molecular etiology. To address this question, we have introduced a dominant negative type II TGF-β receptor into a series of genetically related human breast–derived cell lines representing different stages in the progression process. We show that decreased TGF-β responsiveness alone cannot initiate tumorigenesis but that it can cooperate with an initiating oncogenic lesion to make a premalignant breast cell tumorigenic and a low-grade tumorigenic cell line histologically and proliferatively more aggressive. In a high-grade tumorigenic cell line, however, reduced TGF-β responsiveness has no effect on primary tumorigenesis but significantly decreases metastasis. Our results demonstrate a causal role for loss of TGF-β responsiveness in promoting breast cancer progression up to the stage of advanced, histologically aggressive, but nonmetastatic disease and suggest that at that point TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor.
Researchers defend 20 mph speed limits despite rise in casualties
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers are standing by evidence suggesting that 20 mph (32 km/h) roads improve road safety despite new figures showing casualties have increased substantially.

Data from the Department for Transport show that 2262 people were injured in 2011 on roads in built up areas with 20 mph speed restrictions—up 24% from 2010.1

Most of these—1966 people—had slight injuries, while the number of deaths—seven—was a 17% increase on the previous year. There were 289 serious injuries in 2011, up 39% on 2010.

The figures have intrigued researchers who have studied 20 mph roads and say they prevent casualties.

Chris Grundy, lecturer in geographical information systems at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine …
THERAPEUTIC PROCESS AND BEHAVIOR–AS OBSERVED IN PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
Authors: MANUEL D. ZANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

When the physically handicapped patient continuously fails to achieve his goal, a growing state of stress and disorganization reflected in ineffective and inappropriate behavior results. Therapeutic conditions favorably influence behavior by affecting the immediate goals to which the patient attends so that they are more attainable and linked to the desired goal. Under such conditions the performance of an effective action (i.e., one that achieves its goal) reduces stress and restores the organization necessary for appropriate behavior and constructive learning. Thus the nature of the therapeutic conditions may determine the current balance between appropriate and inappropriate behavior and enable constructive learning to take place in the presence of severe stress.
Quantitative Relationship Between Plasma Lipids and Glycohemoglobin in Type I Patients: Longitudinal Study of 212 Patients
Authors: Richard E Ostlund, Clay F Semenkovich, Kenneth B Schechtman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glycohemoglobin, and other covariates were measured in 212 type I (insulindependent) diabetic subjects on entry into a longitudinal study of diabetes and again after an average interval of 3.7 yr. Changes in individual cholesterol and triglyceride values over time were significantly correlated with changes in glycohemoglobin. After adjustment for potentially confounding covariates, plasma cholesterol declined by 2.2% (0.1 mM) for each percentage-point reduction in glycohemoglobin and plasma triglycerides declined by 8% (0.08 mM) per percentage point glycohemoglobin. Increased insulin dose was independently associated with increased plasma triglycerides, after adjusting for glycohemoglobin level and other covariates. However, insulin dose was not related to plasma cholesterol. Improved diabetic metabolic control, measured as declining glycohemoglobin, is the variable most closely associated with reduced plasma lipids in a population of typical type I diabetic patients.