tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Digitalis Glycosides
Authors: JAMES E. DOHERTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Digoxin is 75% to 85% absorbed when administered orally; little is metabolized, and it is excreted in the urine principally unchanged. Optimum digoxin serum levels are 0.5 to 2.5 ng/ml; more than 3.0 ng is almost always a toxic level in adults. The half-life of digoxin is 34 hours. Digitoxin is 100% absorbed when taken orally; it is extensively metabolized and excreted in stool and urine principally as cardioinactive metabolities. Optimum serum levels are 20 to 35 ng/ml, and toxicity is usually associated with a level of 45 ng/ml or more. The half-life of digitoxin is 5 to 7 days. Lack of biologic availability sometimes necessitates large doses of the glycosides. Biologic availability can be evaluated with serum glycoside measurements. Knowledge of the patient's age, thyroid and renal function, and electrolyte balance will help to determine the appropriate dose of glycoside. Smaller glycoside doses are generally recommended, particularly for digoxin, which is better absorbed than previously supposed.
Structural basis for the changing physical properties of human pulmonary vessels with age.
Authors: E H Mackay, J Banks, B Sykes, G Lee
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Circumferential strips of pulmonary vessel wall were obtained at necropsy from the major arterial and venous branches at the lung hilum in patients aged 7-87 years. The extensibility of these strips was measured using the tension balance method of Harris et al. (British Heart Journal, 1965, 27, 651-659). The vessels were then bisected, and half of each strip was submitted for structural analysis using morphometric methods on paraffin sections stained to show the collagen, elastin, and muscle content. The other halves of the formalin-fixed vessel strips were examined chemically to determine their collagen content by estimation of the total hydroxyproline content. The thickness of the vessel media was measured microscopically on all of the sections examined. Quantitative measurements were made on 42 arteries and 37 veins. Contrary to expectation, there was a steady fall in medial collagen content with increasing age in arteries and veins. The decrease in collagen content was similar in the morphometric and chemical studies and was statistically significant. The thickness of the vessel media did not change significantly with age. The pulmonary artery and vein strips were less extensible in the older age groups, the main change occurring in the elastic phase of the vascular stress/strain curves. It is suggested that changes in the elastic tissue at a molecular and lamellar level are responsible for the increasing stiffness of pulmonary vessels rather than changes in the medial collagen content.
Balloon Dilation Angioplasty of Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis Associated With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Robert L. Geggel, Kimberlee Gauvreau, James E. Lock
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Experience of balloon dilation of peripheral pulmonary stenosis (PPS) in Williams syndrome (WS) is limited.Catheterizations in all patients with WS undergoing therapy for PPS from 1984 to 1999 were reviewed. Criteria for successful dilation included an increase >50% in predilation diameter and a decrease >20% in ratio of right ventricular (RV) to aortic (Ao) systolic pressure. Median age and weight were 1.5 years and 9.5 kg. There were 134 dilations during 39 procedures in 25 patients. The success rate for initial dilations was 51%. In multivariate analysis, successful dilation was more likely (1) in distal than in central pulmonary arteries (P=0.02), (2) if the balloon waist resolved with inflation (P=0.001), and (3) with larger balloon/stenosis ratio (P<0.001). RV pressure was unchanged after dilation (96+/-30 versus 97+/-31 mm Hg), primarily because of failure to enlarge central pulmonary arteries. The Ao pressure increased (102+/-14 versus 109+/-19 mm Hg, P=0.03), and the RV/Ao pressure ratio decreased (0.97+/-0.34 versus 0.91+/-0.30, P=0.05). Aneurysms developed after 24 dilations (18%) and were not related to balloon/stenosis ratio. Balloon rupture in 12 dilations produced an aneurysm in all 7 cases when rupture was in a hypoplastic segment. Three patients died, none from pulmonary artery trauma, and all before 1994.Mortality occurred early in our experience. Despite successful dilation of distal pulmonary arteries, there was modest initial hemodynamic improvement, mainly because of persistent central pulmonary artery obstruction. A serial approach of distal dilations followed by surgical repair of proximal obstruction may be a rational and successful therapy.
TCT-373 Temporal course of neointimal maturity after implantation of biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents as assessed by optical coherence tomography gray-scale signal intensity at 3, 6 and 9 months
Authors: Erion Xhepa, Tomohisa Tada, Elena Guerra, Christian H. Heeger, Franz-Josef Neumann, Michael Haude, Martin W. Bergmann, Stephan Windecker, Adnan Kastrati, Michael Joner, Robert Byrne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A multi-disciplinary approach to treating hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin in alcohol-dependent patients with ongoing abuse
Authors: Caroline Le Lan, Anne Guillygomarc’h, Hélène Danielou, Gérard Le Dréau, Fabrice Lainé, Claude Védeilhié, Yves Deugnier, Pierre Brissot, Dominique Guyader, Romain Moirand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Protection against Chemical-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibition of Pulmonary Cytochrome P-450
Authors: Richard D. Verschoyle, David Dinsdale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Protection afforded by trialkyl phosphorothionates against the lung injury caused by trialkyl phosphorothiolates probably results from the inhibition by the P = S moiety of the thionates, of one or more pulmonary cytochrome P-450 isozymes. The aromatic hydrocarbons p-xylene and pseudocumene also protect against this injury and inhibit some P-450 isozymes, but by a different mechanism. OOS-Trimethylphosphorothionate and p-xylene were compared as protective agents against the effect of OOS-trimethylphosphorothiolate and two other lung toxins ipomeanol and 1-nitronaphthalene that are known to be activated by cytochrome P-450. The effects of these protective compounds, in vivo, on pulmonary cytochrome P-450 activity were also determined. Both compounds inhibited pentoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, but not ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. The phosphorothionate was most effective against lung injury caused by the phosphorothiolates and 1-nitronaphthalene, whereas p-xylene was much more effective against ipomeanol. beta-Naphthoflavone, which induces pulmonary ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, did not protect against phosphorothiolate or 1-nitronaphthalene injury, and it was only marginally effective in decreasing the toxicity of ipomeanol.
Problems in the surgical workforce
Authors: J. Carruth
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The government has deceived us. We accepted the Calman report on the understanding that consultant numbers would increase, but the government has failed to provide an appropriate expansion. As a result, the surgical workforce is in chaos. The Calman report repeatedly stressed the need for consultant expansion, calling for “increases in the number of consultants” throughout the document.1 However, these comments were all in the text - the increase was not quantified, and there was no reference to it in the formal proposals.

Since The Plan for Action: Achieving a Balance was published in 1988, attempts have been made to equate the number of registrars emerging from specialist training to the number of consultant retirements each year. However, these attempts have gone disastrously wrong in obstetrics and gynaecology, and, unless there is a rapid increase in the number of consultants, in my own specialty of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) there will be 10-20 “superfluous specialists” holding the certificate of completion of specialist training (CCST) in each of the next 10 years. The failure to increase the number of consultants and, therefore, of registrars means that many well motivated and well qualified senior house officers will be unable to obtain a higher training post.

The new deal, which reduced junior doctors' working hours, provoked task forces to introduce large numbers of additional senior house officers. Galasko and Smith state that the Royal College of Surgeons of England recognises 4674 senior house officer posts for basic surgical training and that 3700 senior house officers have registered a preference to pursue a career in surgery.2 In the year 1999-2000, 1000 senior house officers will complete a fifth senior house officer post and become eligible to undertake higher surgical training. As only 338 registrar posts will be available, 662 eligible senior …
Development of Clinically Recognizable Genital Lesions among Women Previously Identified as Having "Asymptomatic" Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection
Authors: Andria Langenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine if patients initially identified by history, clinical examination, and serologic status as having asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 infection report clinically recognizable genital lesions after having a detailed instructional session on the clinical signs and symptoms of genital herpes. Design: Prospective follow-up of two groups of women. Setting: Outpatient clinic of an urban city-county hospital. Patients: Two populations of women were recruited. One group was referred because they had documented asymptomatic genital herpes or were suspected of asymptomatically transmitting genital herpes to a sex partner. The other group was recruited from the hospital's general gynecologic clinic and consisted of women with herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies who denied a history of genital herpes. Intervention: Patients had a one-on-one interview describing the clinical symptoms of genital herpes. Measurements and Main Results: Twelve of nineteen women with herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies who had documented asymptomatic genital herpes or were suspected of asymptomatically transmitting infection to a sex partner, and 18 of 43 women with herpes simplex virus type 2 anti-bodies who were recruited from the gynecologic clinic developed clinically recognizable genital lesions during a 5-month follow-up. Symptomatic genital herpes was the most frequent gynecologic complaint identified during follow-up. Conclusions: Approximately 50% of women with herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies who do not initially report a history of genital lesions do indeed have clinically symptomatic genital herpes. These women can be accurately counseled and taught to distinguish genital herpes from other genitourinary infections. Identification of symptomatic recurrences and counseling to avoid sexual activity during these episodes may help reduce transmission of genital herpes.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and its relationship to the autonomic nervous system in women with visceral and subcutaneous obesity: Effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor/arginine-vasopressin test and of stress
Authors: Renato Pasquali, Bruno Anconetani, Rabih Chattat, Mimmo Biscotti, Giulio Spinucci, Francesco Casimirri, Valentina Vicennati, Anastasia Carcello, Antonio Maria Morselli Labate
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Protection Against Endometrial Carcinoma by Combination-Product Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Barbara S. Hulka, Lloyd E. Chambless, David G. Kaufman, Wesley C. Fowler, Bernard G. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Seventy-nine patients with endometrial carcinoma were compared with 203 control subjects regarding their use of combination-product oral contraceptives (OCs). Overall, 6.3% of patients and 15.3% of control subjects had used these products. The risk of endometrial cancer for users of OCs was less than half the risk for nonusers. Five years or more of use reduced the risk to a third. Recent users were strongly protected, whereas discontinuation resulted in risks returning to those of nonusers. Furthermore, OCs with predominantly progestational effects or intermediate formulations produced greater protection than those with predominantly estrogens. This pattern of results is biologically consistent with a protective effect of combination-product OCs against endometrial carcinoma. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:475-477)
THE DETERMINATION OF ALBUMIN IN HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA AND SERUM. A METHOD BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF ALBUMIN WITH AN ANIONIC DYE—2-(4′-HYDROXYBENZENEAZO) BENZOIC ACID 12
Authors: David D. Rutstein, Estelle F. Ingenito, William E. Reynolds, Jeanne M. Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)
Colon Cancer Metastasis to the Adrenal Gland Demonstrated with FDG PET/CT
Authors: Li-Jun Weng, Timothy Akhurst
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A patient with synchronous hepatic metastases from colon cancer, treated with IV irinotecan and hepatic artery infusion of floxuridine for 17 cycles was followed with CEA monthly that showed an initial decrease but later increased from 5 to 24. Three monthly CT scans had shown only regressing liver lesions. An FDG PET/CT study showed no abnormality in the liver, but an abnormal focus of increased FDG uptake was noted in the right adrenal gland (SUV maximum, 6.1). Right adrenalectomy revealed a 1.5-cm metastatic adenocarcinoma and led to a fall in CEA.
Abstract PR5: Treatment of ovarian cancer with targeted tumor-penetrating siRNA nanocomplexes
Authors: Yin Ren, Hiu Wing Cheung, Ronny Drapkin, David Root, Justin Lo, Valentina Fogal, Erkki Ruoslahti, William Hahn, Sangeeta Bhatia, Geoffrey von Maltzahn, Amit Agrawal, Glenn Cowley, Barbara Weir, Jesse Boehm, Pablo Tamayo, Jill Mesirov, Alison Karst
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Whole-genome analysis of cancer samples is identifying many potential therapeutic targets, by virtue of their being frequently mutated or functionally essential in specific types of cancer. However, we lack efficient ways to test the therapeutic benefit of modulating targets in vivo. RNAi offers one potential solution; however, approaches to deliver siRNA in vivo have been challenging due to their susceptibility to serum nucleases, endosomal entrapment, and stimulation of innate immunity. Furthermore, nanoparticle- and antibody-based siRNA delivery approaches have historically suffered from limited tumor penetration and low transvascular transit, thereby limiting the applicability of parenchymal siRNA targets. Here we describe a tumor penetrating nanocomplex (TPN) comprised of siRNA complexed to a tandem tumor-penetrating and membrane-translocating peptide, which enables the homing of siRNA deep into tumor parenchyma. Upon complexation with siRNA, the resulting nanocomplex is stable, non-immunostimulatory, displays homing peptides in a multivalent fashion that increases their binding avidity and delivers siRNA to the cytosol of tumor cells through receptor-specific interactions and membrane translocation. Upon systemic administration into mice, this nanocomplex penetrates into the parenchyma of metastatic peritoneal tumors and silences target genes in cells of interest in a receptor-specific manner. We employed TPNs in vivo to evaluate ID4, a novel candidate oncogene in ovarian cancer, which we identified by combining genome-scale RNAi screening of cancer cell lines with genome-scale sequence analysis of patient tumors. We show that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with ID4-specific TPNs suppresses tumor growth and significantly improved survival. These findings provide a framework for the identification, credentialing, and understanding of novel cancer targets as well as validating a specific therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. This abstract is also presented as Poster B2. Citation Format: Yin Ren, Hiu Wing Cheung, Ronny Drapkin, David Root, Justin Lo, Valentina Fogal, Erkki Ruoslahti, William Hahn, Sangeeta Bhatia, Geoffrey von Maltzahn, Amit Agrawal, Glenn Cowley, Barbara Weir, Jesse Boehm, Pablo Tamayo, Jill Mesirov, Alison Karst. Treatment of ovarian cancer with targeted tumor-penetrating siRNA nanocomplexes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR5.
The development of a gene vector electrostatically assembled with a polysaccharide capsule
Authors: Tomoaki Kurosaki, Takashi Kitahara, Shigeru Kawakami, Koyo Nishida, Junzo Nakamura, Mugen Teshima, Hiroo Nakagawa, Yukinobu Kodama, Hideto To, Hitoshi Sasaki
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Assessing inflammatory acne vulgaris-correlation between clinical and photographic methods
Authors: J. R. GIBSON, S. G. HARVEY, J. BARTH, C. R. DARLEY, H. RESHAD, C. A. BURKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

During the course of a controlled clinical study the patients' facial acne was assessed using a 0-10 visual-tactile grading system and by lesion counting. In addition, black-and-white photographs and colour slides were taken at each patient visit and subsequently assessed by a panel of three dermatologists. Scores obtained from each method of assessment were subjected to statistical analysis and correlations between the techniques were evaluated. We conclude that a well thought out clinical grading system is the best overall method as it provides a meaningful assessment with speed and reasonable accuracy.
The Maze of Treatments for Hepatitis B
Authors: Anna Suk-Fong Lok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Worldwide, there are approximately 350 million carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), of whom half a million to 1 million die from liver disease each year. The goal of treatment for chronic hepatitis B is to prevent cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This goal is best achieved by eradicating HBV before irreversible liver damage occurs. However, the eradication of HBV is impossible to achieve because of the presence of extrahepatic reservoirs of HBV, the integration of HBV DNA into the host genome, and the presence of an intracellular conversion pathway that replenishes the pool of transcriptional templates (covalently closed . . .
Case 44-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, J. Gordon Scannell, Thomas H. Aretz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 42-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a question of constrictive pericarditis.He was well until four years previously, when an x-ray film of the chest, obtained elsewhere, revealed mediastinal enlargement. No peripheral lymphadenopathy was found on physical examination. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of a mediastinal lymph node showed Hodgkin's disease, nodular-sclerosis type. Examination of biopsy specimens of a cervical lymph node and the liver and the excised spleen revealed no evidence of lymphoma. Radiation treatment was administered to the mediastinum and the retroperitoneum. Thereafter, the patient felt well, and a routine . . .
THE CORRELATION OF PRE-ELECTROSHOCK ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND THERAPEUTIC RESULT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: WILLIAM J. TURNER, LOUIS LOWINGER, JAMES H. HUDDLESON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

A table is presented showing the relationship of EEG before treatment to outcome of electric shock therapy, in 187 schizophrenics, of whom 95 percent were young men. One-fourth of those with a normal pattern left the hospital much improved or "quiescent." None of these with abnormal records was able to leave the hospital. Of 19 patients who had previously had insulin therapy 3 left the hospital much improved.[See Table 1 in source Pdf]
Electrotonically mediated delayed conduction and reentry in relation to "slow responses" in mammalian ventricular conducting tissue.
Authors: C Antzelevitch, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

A narrow zone of block in isolated false tendon preparations was created by perfusion of the central compartment (gap) of a three-compartment tissue bath with either an isotonic sucrose solution or a solution designed to mimic the extracellular milieu in ischemic tissue. Driven responses on the proximal side of the gap were transmitted to the distal side after long delays. The characteristics of the "ischemic" gap model were found to be qualitatively similar to those of the sucrose gap model in which impulse transmission is electrotonically mediated. In both models, the effects of driven action potentials were mimicked by electrotonic displacement of membrane potential by current pulses passed across the gap. Foot-potentials representative of electrotonic potentials bringing the distal membrane to threshold were present in all cases and were found to be largely unaffected by the slow channel-blocking agent, verapamil. Transmembrane activity recorded from the central portion of the gap segment was shown to be electrotonic in nature. Ectopic activity in the form of reflected reentry was readily demonstrable in the ischemic gap model in the presence or absence of verapamil as well as in the sucrose gap model. When propagation across the gap was mediated by "slow" responses, transmission was relatively prompt and reentry did not occur. Our observations suggest that very slow conduction through ischemic areas may result from step delays imposed by electrotonic transmission of impulses across inexcitable segments of cable rather than from uniform slow conduction of propagated action potentials with slow upstrokes.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and endoscopic biliary drainage following closure of a duodenal perforation with an over-the-scope clip
Authors: Bruno Meduri, Bertrand Vergeau, Jean-Loup Dumont, Thierry Tuszynski, Stavros Dritsas, Parag Dhumane, Gianfranco Donatelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are complementary procedures in the evaluation of obstructive jaundice with a median procedure length of 25 minutes [1]. Duodenal perforation can occur during EUS [2], but we have previously reported that ERCP can still be performed following successful closure of the perforation with clips [3].