tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen maintains trabecular bone volume in rats not only by suppression of bone resorption but also by stimulation of bone formation.
Authors: J Chow, J H Tobias, K W Colston, T J Chambers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Estrogen is generally considered to maintain bone mass through suppression of bone resorption. We have previously demonstrated that administration of pharmacologic doses of estrogen increases bone formation in ovary-intact rats. To assess the effects of physiological concentrations of estrogen on bone formation, estrogen was administered to ovariectomized rats in which bone resorption was suppressed by the bisphosphonate 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP). Animals receiving exogenous 17 beta-estradiol (E2) (1, 10, and 100 micrograms/kg daily for 17 d) showed a dose-dependent increase in trabecular bone volume of 1.9, 25.8, and 43.6%, respectively, compared with those rats treated with AHPrBP alone. The increase in bone volume was associated with an increase in bone formation in E2-treated animals, in which bone resorption had been almost completely suppressed by AHPrBP. Neither ovariectomy, AHPrBP, nor E2 treatment had a significant effect on the volume or rate of formation of cortical bone. Thus, the increased bone resorption, which is a consequence of estrogen-deficiency, entrains increased bone formation, which masks a simultaneous reduction in estrogen-dependent bone formation. Therefore, in addition to the nonspecific effect of estrogen to depress formation via coupling, we have identified a specific effect of estrogen to increase formation independent of coupling. Thus it appears that estrogen maintains bone volume not only through inhibition of bone resorption, but also through stimulation of bone formation.
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Postoperative Chemotherapy with Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Vs. Capecitabine Alone in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Disease Free Survival at Interim Analysis
Authors: H.J. Schmoll, K. Haustermans, T. Price, B. Nordlinger, R. Hofheinz, J.F. Daisne, J. Janssens, B. Brenner, P. Schmidt, H. Reinel, S. Hollerbach, K. Caca, F. Fauth, C.V. Hannig, J. Zalcberg, N. Tebbutt, M. Mauer, C. Messina, M. Lutz, E. Van Cutsem
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
TREATMENT OF PERTUSSIS WITH INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF ETHER
Authors: Cleon C. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This is a preliminary report of twenty-six cases of pertussis treated by the deep intramuscular injection of ether as described by Genoese.<sup>1</sup>The technic as described has been followed except that slightly larger amounts of ether were used. Of the twenty-six patients, with ages ranging from 6 months to 8 years, sixteen stopped coughing after eight injections and did not cough again; six were definitely benefited, i. e., the paroxysms became less frequent and less severe, and in four cases the course of the disease was not altered in any way. Care was taken in order to be certain of the diagnosis, as a mild epidemic was prevailing; either other members of the family had pertussis or the child was having typical attacks of whooping, or there was in every case a definite history of exposure. Of the sixteen patients in whom the cough stopped, none had whooped to
Diverticular disease of the colon
Authors: M. Eastwood
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In the late 1960s and 70s an interesting hypothesis was proposed—that dietary fibre, the “unavailable inert carbohydrate” defined by McCance and Lawrence in 1929 was, if not an essential nutrient, of importance for health. Dietary fibre was a panacea for the ills of the Western world. Peter Cleave had indirectly set the pace highlighting the benefits of dietary fibre, and then in Africa Denis Burkitt, Hugh Trowell, and A R P Walker proselytised its virtues. Their credentials were impeccable. Each, particularly Denis Burkitt, had made great contributions to the aetiology of diseases. But in this campaign, the emphasis was …
Looking for the Cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lewis P. Rowland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not a common disease, but it has become widely known. Many people know it by the name of one famous victim, the baseball player Lou Gehrig. Other affected celebrities have included former Vice-President Henry A. Wallace, boxing champion Ezzard Charles, jazz musician Charlie Mingus, actor David Niven, U.S. Senator Jacob Javits, and according to an unconfirmed but reliable report, composer Dmitri Shostakovich.To clinical neuroscientists, the disease has presented a particular challenge, because it is one of a triad of degenerative diseases of the aging nervous system. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the other . . .
Monitoring adverse reactions to drugs
Authors: E. Scowen
Journal: BMJ (1977)

proved results, their criticism is potentially valid for any study taking place over a period of time.We agree with the Cardiff workers that the value of induction of labour should be tested in a large, prospective, randomised trial.In view of the conflicting opinions regard- ing the place of induction of labour we feel that such a trial would be entirely ethical.We would be grateful to hear from any obstetrician willing to co-operate in a multi- centre trial based on the model previously operated by Cole et al.
Exome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas
Authors: Liwei Zhang, Lee H Chen, Hong Wan, Rui Yang, Zhaohui Wang, Jie Feng, Shaohua Yang, Siân Jones, Sizhen Wang, Weixin Zhou, Huishan Zhu, Patrick J Killela, Junting Zhang, Zhen Wu, Guilin Li, Shuyu Hao, Yu Wang, Joseph B Webb, Henry S Friedman, Allan H Friedman, Roger E McLendon, Yiping He, Zachary J Reitman, Darell D Bigner, Hai Yan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS and Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Robert Morley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Shapiro and Smith provide an insightful summary into possible reasons for the success of the Kaiser Permanente model compared with the disintegrated system which is clearly failing in the NHS.1

The authors say that Kaiser “employs its doctors.” This is incorrect. Kaiser Permanente delivers health care through regional Permanente medical groups, which are entirely owned, led, and run by their shareholder doctors. These work in an equal and exclusive partnership with, but are totally separate from, the Kaiser health plans, which fund the medical groups to provide health care for members. Shareholder doctors agree to pay themselves competitive salaries rather than take profit shares as this arrangement is consistent with the Kaiser Permanente philosophy and allows the medical groups to attract doctors who are both of sufficiently high calibre and of a “cultural good fit” with the organisation.

The reason for the success of this model is that it allows for true medical leadership—the shareholder doctors make all decisions related to treatment and use of resources, and this basic underlying principle is accepted and supported by the health plans. As Sharon Levine, associate executive director of the Permanente medical group in northern California puts it, “the pen (and the mouse) are the most expensive items of medical equipment” (personal communication).

In the hegemony of the NHS manager and flattened clinical hierarchies this is all rather controversial and at odds with the authors' contention that distinctions between doctors and nurses may all be considered as largely obsolete.

The lessons to be learnt from Kaiser Permanente are those of true medical leadership as well as ownership and integration. These lessons are valuable to the NHS, regardless of the given method of healthcare funding. Politicians please take note.
Intradermal Influenza Vaccination — Can Less Be More?
Authors: John R. La Montagne, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

plants, ex vivo expansion of cord-blood stem cells, and cotransplantation of CD34+ cells from a haploidentical donor are ongoing.It is realistic to anticipate that the current results for cord-blood transplantation in adults with hematologic cancers will contribute to more extended use in the coming years for many patients in need.
Intoxicated by My Illness: And Other Writings on Life and Death
Authors: Joseph S. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1992)

But you do not die of being sick, you die of being alive. Death kills you well enough without the help of illness. And illnesses have put off death for some, who have lived longer for thinking that they were on their way out and dying. Furthermore, there are diseases, as there are wounds, that are medicinal and salutary.<sup>1</sup> —Montaigne Anatole Broyard was an editor, a literary critic, and an essayist for the<i>New York Times</i>for 40 years. He was also the Montaigne of lay medical writers. Illness and death interested him deeply. In 1954, he wrote a moving personal account of his father's last illness and death, "What the Cystoscope Said." Thirty-five years later, he wrote eloquently about his own final confrontation with prostate cancer and impending death. His wife, Alexandra Broyard, has compiled this collection of his medical writings. Three of the six essays are particularly
Thyroid-Pituitary Interaction
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Mary Jean Moore, P. Reed Larsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Endocrinologists, particularly those with a special interest in thyroid disease, have been fortunate that several specific and sensitive tests that can establish the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction have been developed over the past decade. The three most useful tests are radioimmunoassays of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).Clinicians have come to have so much confidence in the results of these tests that they often question their clinical acumen rather than the validity of a test when the two conflict. Diagnosis in thyroid disorders thus can be difficult not only because of the nonspecificity of symptoms, . . .
Increased influence of genetic variation on PON1 activity in neonates.
Authors: Jia Chen, Madhu Kumar, Wendy Chan, Gertrud Berkowitz, James G Wetmur
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

PON1 (paraoxonase-1) detoxifies organophosphates by cleavage of active oxons before they have a chance to inhibit cholinesterases. The corresponding gene PON1 has common polymorphisms in both the promoter (-909, -162, -108) and the coding region (L55M, Q192R). The five PON1 genotypes were determined for maternal blood (n= 402) and cord blood (n= 229) as part of a study of the effects of organophosphate pesticide exposure on infant growth and neurodevelopment. PON1 enzymatic activities were determined for a majority of subjects. The population contained Caucasians, Caribbean Hispanics, and African Americans. PON1 activity was strongly dependent upon the promoter alleles in both maternal and cord blood. For example, PON1 activities for position -108CC, CT, and TT mothers were 146, 128, and 109 arylesterase U/mL (analysis of variance, p< 0.0001), whereas the same PON1 activities for the respective cord bloods were 49.0, 32.4, and 23.2 U/mL (p < 0.0001). Compared with adults, neonates had lower PON1 activity, implying reduced capacity to detoxify organophosphates. In addition there was a larger difference in activity between genotype groups in neonates than in adults. Because the five polymorphisms in PON1 occur in a short stretch of DNA, they were tested for linkage disequilibrium (LD). Significant LD was found among all three promoter polymorphisms as well as between promoter polymorphisms and L55M, with the strongest LD for Caucasians and the weakest for African Americans. The Caribbean Hispanics fall between these two groups. Surprisingly, significant LD also was observed between the promoter polymorphisms and C311S in PON2. LD between the promoter polymorphisms and Q192R was not significant.
CPR 1986: What's New
Authors: Carlotta M. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>is honored to continue its tradition of publishing the American Heart Association's "Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC)." In 1974The Journalpublished the premier edition of the Standards and Guidelines.<sup>1</sup>It was born from the 1973 National Conference on Standards for CPR and ECC, where experts developed a consensus statement defining advanced and basic life support as a sequence of specific activities and a mission statement about who should be trained and how training should occur. The precedent was set. The first edition of the Standards was a landmark, a guidepost that etched the future. In 1979 another national conference was called to update the previous standards; these were published inThe Journalin 1980.<sup>2</sup>Today the process has turned another cycle and the 1986 revised Standards and Guidelines that appear in this issue
Echocardiographic follow-up of atrial septal defect after catheter closure by double-umbrella device.
Authors: C Boutin, N N Musewe, J F Smallhorn, J D Dyck, T Kobayashi, L N Benson
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Transcatheter device occlusion of atrial septal defects is an attractive approach, but its efficacy and place in patient management remain to be determined.To evaluate the medium-term results of atrial septal defect device occlusion and factors influencing residual shunting, transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiograms of 49 patients were reviewed. Transesophageal echocardiograms on 48 patients immediately following surgical closure revealed residual shunting in 2% compared with 91% after device occlusion; this proportion decreased to 53% after a mean follow-up of 10 months. The actuarial analysis suggests a progressive resolution of shunting with time. One patient had residual shunting by transesophageal echocardiography immediately after surgical closure compared with 29 after a mean follow-up of 10 months after device occlusion. Residual shunting was not influenced by (1) dimension, location, or position with relation to the device as assessed by transesophageal echocardiography; (2) location of the defect; or (3) device size relative to the stretched dimension of the defect. In 15 patients, a poor correlation existed between transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiographic findings. Variability in serial transthoracic echocardiographic findings was observed in 14. Right ventricular dimension, heart size, and presence of a murmur at follow-up did not correlate with the presence or size of residual shunting after device occlusion.These results suggest that ongoing spontaneous resolution of residual shunting occurs after device insertion. Factors related to the defect or device could not predict eventual resolution of residual shunting. Transthoracic echocardiography in the follow-up of these patients may not be reliable in determining presence of residual shunting.
T cells from fully H-2 allogeneic (A replaced by B) radiation bone marrow chimeras are functionally competent and host restricted but are alloreactive against hybrid Ia determinants expressed on (A x B)F1 cells.
Authors: A M Kruisbeek, K S Hathcock, R J Hodes, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

In this communication it is demonstrated that T cells from fully allogeneic A replaced by B radiation bone marrow chimeras are alloreactive against the hybrid Ia molecules expressed on the surface of heterozygous A X B cells. These results suggested that previous failures to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses from fully allogeneic chimeras by sensitizing the chimeric T cells to antigen in an (A X B)F1-priming environment might have been confounded by an ongoing alloreaction against determinants created by hybrid Ia molecules expressed on F1 cells. Consequently, the ability to generate CTL responses from fully allogeneic chimeras was re-examined by sensitizing the chimeric T cells to antigen presented by homozygous rather that F1 stimulator cells. It was found that T cells of donor bone marrow origin that mediate cytotoxic responses to trinitrophenyl-modified self determinants do differentiate into functional competence in an H-2-incompatible host environment and are restricted to the host H-2 haplotype.
Suicides in Greece: a light at the end of the tunnel
Authors: G. Michas
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Suicides in Greece: a light at the end of the tunnel Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Challenge for Immunization Programs: Protect Preschool, Postschool Generations
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE NATIONAL Immunization Program in effect for the past quarter century has resulted in record-high levels of vaccine coverage and a record-low incidence of disease among school-age children in this country. But a new task looms. It is to immunize the populations that are either younger or older than general school age—infants, preschool children, and adults—against vaccine-preventable diseases. Reaching those at either end of this age spectrum is several orders of magnitude more complex than programs directed at those entering school, says Walter A. Orenstein, MD. He is the new director, Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta. Officials estimate that 97% of children entering school are adequately immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubeola, and rubella. But as Orenstein reported at the CDC's 22nd annual Immunization Conference in San Antonio, Tex, there are indications—although unfortunately no hard figures—that substantial numbers of preschool children are not vaccinated at
Expression of the granzyme B inhibitor PI9 predicts outcome in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: results of a Western series of 48 patients treated with first-line polychemotherapy within the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) trials
Authors: Céline Bossard, Karim Belhadj, Felix Reyes, Nadine Martin-Garcia, Françoise Berger, Jean Alain Kummer, Josette Brière, Anne-Catherine Baglin, Stéphane Cheze, Jacques Bosq, Vincent Ribrag, Christian Gisselbrecht, Nicolas Mounier, Philippe Gaulard
Journal: Blood (2006)
Peptide-MHC potency governs dynamic interactions between T cells and dendritic cells in lymph nodes
Authors: Dimitris Skokos, Guy Shakhar, Rajat Varma, Janelle C Waite, Thomas O Cameron, Randall L Lindquist, Tanja Schwickert, Michel C Nussenzweig, Michael L Dustin
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Cross-National Study of Diagnosis of the Mental Disorders: Some Results from the First Comparative Investigation
Authors: JOHN E. COOPER, ROBERT E. KENDELL, BARRY J. GURLAND, NORMAN SARTORIUS, TIBOR FARKAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Consecutive admissions to a U. S. state hospital and to an English area mental hospital were compared to investigate the source of observed differences between the two countries in the frequencies of diagnoses given to hospitalized patients. Although independently assigned project diagnoses for the two series resembled one another in frequency more so than did the two sets of official hospital diagnoses, indicating national differences in the use of diagnostic terms, the authors conclude that there were genuine clinical differences between the patient populations as well.
Potential Role of FDG PET Imaging in Predicting Metastatic Potential and Assessment of Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors
Authors: Khushboo Gupta, Alok Pawaskar, Sandip Basu, Mysore G. R. Rajan, Ramesh V. Asopa, Brijesh Arora, Narendra Nair, Shripad Banavali
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to retrospectively correlate FDG uptake in primary Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) with tumor behavior, and to evaluate whether FDG PET can be used to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in this patient group.Out of the total 54 patients of recently diagnosed ESFT who underwent pretreatment FDG PET imaging, group I included patients without metastasis at presentation (n = 34) and group II included those with metastasis at presentation (n = 20). Fourteen of these patients had undergone FDG PET after 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy and surgical resection of primary tumor. In this subgroup of 14 patients, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumor was estimated before and after 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy and was correlated with the histopathological response in terms of necrosis in the tumor specimen.Mean SUVmax in the primary tumor in group I patients was 6.84 and in group II patients, it was 11.31. The difference between mean SUVmax of these 2 groups was significant by Wilcoxon test analysis, with P < 0.01. In group II patients, SUVmax in metastasis with maximum FDG uptake was consistently lower as compared with that of primary tumor. In subgroup of 14 patients, Pearson correlation analysis showed that percentage change in SUVmax of primary tumor correlated well with percentage necrosis on histopathological examination (P < 0.01).FDG uptake in primary ESFT reflected its metastatic potential and hence the aggressive behavior. The significant correlation between change in metabolic activity of the primary tumor and histopathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggests that FDG PET may be an ideal noninvasive method to assess tumor behavior and response to therapy in ESFT.
EFFECTS OF AMG 145, A FULLY HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST PCSK9, ON LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN SUBJECTS TAKING STATINS: A PHASE 1, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, ASCENDING MULTIPLE-DOSE STUDY
Authors: Clapton Dias, Adam Shaywitz, Blaire Cooke, Stephen Uy, Maurice Emery, John Gibbs, Caroline Crispino, Karen Smirnakis, Brian Smith, Bing Gao, Scott Wasserman, Evan Stein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Vicious Circles of Neurasthenia
Authors: J. B. Hurry
Journal: BMJ (1914)

NEURASTHENIA is mnore often than any otiler disorder complicated by vicious circles.The result is a clhronic self-perpetuating condition, distressing to the sufferer, harassinig to tile relatives, and baffling to the plhysician.If a disorder is to be followed by speedy recovery, its reactions-for examiple, couglh, diarrhoea, pyrexia, etc.- must relieve thle primary condition.Such disorders may be described as self-teriiiinating.-In nieurastilenia, on tlhe otiler lhalnd, tile reactions perpetuate tile primary conditioll.Suell reactions may be psycihical, and take tile formii of nosoplhobia, melancloly, anorexia, insomnia inter alios; or tlle reactions may be somatic, aild take tlle formn of cardiac disorder, dyspepsia, ovarian nieuralgia, asthenopia.All suchi reactions perpetuate tlhe primary neurastheniia.Camipbell Smith well sums up tlle process whlen lie says:In nio comlnlaitli does it happen miiore often than in neur- asthenia thiat the patient gets into a vicious circle, tle funda- imienital disorder prodducingc symiptoms ivliicli maintain anid aggravate the disease.'
Tick Removal With Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Mira Pavlovic, Abdullah Alakeel, Camille Frances
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The use of LN to freeze and remove the tick attached to the skin has been recently reported. The dose of LN to be delivered depends on the tick size. Cotton-tipped dipstick or LN spray equipment may be used. An application for around 15–20 s is sufficient to freeze a tick, rapid contraction of its body and a complete and immediate detachment of the parasite from the skin. This is an effective, painless, non-invasive, safe, “one shot” simple method of tick removal, especially convenient in case of multiple tick bites in endemic areas.