tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coeliac disease and the risk of autoimmune disorders
Authors: A Ventura, G Magazú, T Gerarduzzi, L Greco
Journal: Gut (2002)

We recently suggested in a study on 909 adolescent and young adults aged 15+ years (mean 16.1) that the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in coeliac adults is related to the length of gluten exposure, independently of the expected age effect.1 Recently, Sategna Guidetti et al ( Gut2001;49:502–5 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ) presented a paper which, in the title itself, negates this hypothesis. However, we feel quite happy with the contribution of Sategna Guidetti et al as we found strong confirmation of our findings in their paper. As mentioned by the authors, their paper stimulates some interesting observations. 1. The population they studied was affected by a very strong "age" selection as the vast majority were aged over 40 years and hence all had maximum exposure to the risk factors (100% had been exposed to gluten for >20 years, including "actual gluten exposure") and there was no modulation of effect, just the end point, which surprisingly was identical to our own results. We have not studied a paediatric population, but young adults with a mean age of 16.7 years and the risk factor was evaluated over the whole range of ages before the outcome (autoimmune disease) was expected. 2. "Age at diagnosis" is a robust variable and is unlikely to be biased. Sategna Guidetti et al showed, very consistently, that age at diagnosis was related to outcome. The actual prevalence of autoimmune diseases was even higher than that observed by us (possibly due to age range?). 3. The variable "actual gluten exposure", artificially built by the authors, was largely based on age at diagnosis (hard data) together with minor components related to self reported compliance and follow up. 4. In summary, if they included in a multivariate model the strong variable "age at diagnosis" which explains a significant part of the variance in the outcome variable, it is very unlikely … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DSategna%2BGuidetti%26rft.auinit1%253DC%26rft.volume%253D49%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D502%26rft.epage%253D505%26rft.atitle%253DDuration%2Bof%2Bgluten%2Bexposure%2Bin%2Badult%2Bcoeliac%2Bdisease%2Bdoes%2Bnot%2Bcorrelate%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Brisk%2Bfor%2Bautoimmune%2Bdisorders%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.49.4.502%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11559646%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=49/4/502&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F51%2F6%2F897.atom
Some Comments on the Predicted Future Shortage of Physicians
Authors: Jacob P. Meerman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

RECENTLY numerous publications have warned of an expected future shortage of physicians. A typical assertion is that of the<i>Johns Hopkins Magazine</i>, namely that there will be a grave deficit of physicians by 1975 unless the medical schools "increase their output of physicians by 50 per cent—graduating 11,000 students annually instead of the present 7,400."<sup>1</sup><i>U. S. News and World Report</i>states: "President Eisenhower's Commission on National Goals... calls for a 50 per cent increase in medical school enrollments by 1970."<sup>2</sup> The desirability of expanding the physician population is unquestioned. For several reasons, I am convinced that a considerable increase in the number of United States physicians is desirable. Nevertheless the usual conclusions concerning predicted need and optimal supply reflect erroneous reasoning. The above predictions involve 2 key elements, the physician-population ratio and the predicted future population. As I hope to show, not only are ratios
Correction of murine hemophilia a by hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy
Authors: Morvarid Moayeri, Teresa S. Hawley, Robert G. Hawley
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

A serious complication of current protein replacement therapy for hemophilia A patients with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency is the frequent development of anti-FVIII inhibitor antibodies that preclude therapeutic benefit from further treatment. Induction of tolerance by persistent high-level FVIII synthesis following transplantation with hematopoietic stem cells expressing a retrovirally delivered FVIII transgene offers the possibility of permanently correcting the disease. Here, we transplanted bone marrow cells transduced with an optimized MSCV-based FVIII oncoretroviral vector into immunocompetent hemophilia A mice that had been conditioned with a potentially lethal dose of irradiation (800 cGy), a sublethal dose of irradiation (550 cGy), or a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen involving busulfan. Therapeutic levels of FVIII (42, 18, and 11% of normal, respectively) were detected in the plasma of the transplant recipients for the duration of the study (over 6 months). Moreover, subsequent challenge with recombinant FVIII elicited at most a minor anti-FVIII inhibitor antibody response in any of the experimental animals, in contrast to the vigorous neutralizing humoral reaction to FVIII that was stimulated in naive hemophilia A mice. These findings represent an encouraging advance toward potential clinical application and long-term amelioration or cure of this progressively debilitating, life-threatening bleeding disorder.
Maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine.
Authors: K G Wormsley, N R Peden
Journal: BMJ (1978)

similar cases treated by various progestins alone.2Inhibition of breast cancer growth by progestins is seen in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women but is favoured by the presence of circulating oestrogen.In the series treated with contraceptive steroids the response rate was only 60% in elderly patients with an atrophic vaginal smear, but it was 40 % in younger patients with evidence of oestrogen- isation in the smear.The observation is par- ticularly interesting because Huggins: re- ported that a combination of low-dosage oestradiol and high-dosage progesterone is capable of extinguishing the growth of the hormone-sensitive chemically induced mam- mary cancer in non-castrated female rats.He emphasised that the relative dose of oestrogen and progestin may be critical for success.
The Fifty-Year Club and the Art of Medicine
Authors: George M. Fister
Journal: JAMA (1974)

More than 20,000 years of dedication to the art and the science of medicine are represented by the current membership of the Fifty-Year Club. The members have practiced the art of medicine, and with other physicians have studied, worked, appreciated, acquired, and utilized the science of medicine. Unfortunately, some people are under the impression that the art of medicine is gone and has been replaced by the science, leaving only a cold computer-like basis for medical care. The art is not lost and never will be lost, because the Doctor of Medicine and his patients are people. There is, however, the challenge of science to the usefulness and importance of the art of medicine. The art of medicine has many ramifications, and it works in many areas—family practice, surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, radiology, and research—as each uses scientific instruments and knowledge with skill. But regardless of the area to
Aetiological Factors in Mouth Cancer
Authors: E. L. Wynder, I. J. Bross
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Initally 123 female cases were matched, each case for two control cases.Then seven cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were removed from the study group without removing a comparable number of control cases.This accounts for the uneven number of study and control groups, though they were matched case for case.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Except for<i>Current Medical Information and Terminology</i>,<sup>1</sup>standard reference sources (eg, a popular textbook of medicine) are unlikely to reward a seeker of information about restless legs syndrome. In like manner, writings on the subject in medical periodicals are comparatively few. When a practicing physician, uninformed about the malady, is confronted for the first time by a patient who complains of the syndrome, the physician may be mystified. Characteristically, an afflicted person is likely to tell the attending physician that the symptoms are difficult to describe. They are usually most bothersome at night when the patient goes to bed. He may say that his legs feel funny, or heavy (or light) and fidgety. Or, he may resort to saying what the symptoms do<i>not</i>feel like (itching, crawling sensation, warmth, coldness, and so on to the limit of the patient's vocabulary) and will conclude with, "Doctor, unless you've had
Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Authors: None Ethicus
Journal: JAMA (1883)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —As we have now an organ of the American Medical Association in the interest of scientific medicine, I take the liberty to send you a few lines in regard to the status of the medical profession in this section of the State of quacks. As most of your readers must already be aware, this State until quite recently, has had no law regulating the practice of medicine, and this law is as good as nothing; so that it (the State) has become the recepticle of many of the quacks that have been driven out of other States by statutory, enactments. Our liberty-loving legislators some years ago established chairs of homœopathy in our university, thus giving charlatanism the stamp of legality. Homœopaths are put in the service of the United States as pension examiners, and endorsed by the chief medical officer of the pension depatment, who claims to be
The Somatizing Disorders: Illness as a Way of Life
Authors: William W. Weddington
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Those of us who provide medical care services continue to be perplexed, fascinated, annoyed, and discouraged by an old phenomenon: physical illness behaviors by patients who have nonexistent or insignificant physical diseases. Although this group of patients, who usually have psychiatric disorders, is relatively small, they receive a large proportion of nonpsychiatric medical care resources. We psychiatrists and behavioral scientists have described these patients and ventured to understand and treat them. However, the knowledge base remains piecemeal, scattered, idiosyncratic, and lacking a unifying perspective.  Charles V. Ford, MD, Professor of Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn, has contributed a substantive work by exhaustively gathering and reviewing the literature on the somatizing disorders. Rather than recite others' descriptions and impressions, he synthesizes this information with modern-day psychiatric nosology. Moreover, Dr Ford, a clinician who works as a consultation-liaison psychiatrist to medically and surgically ill patients, acknowledgingly offers his point of view
Insight into Ligand Diversity and Novel Biological Roles for Family 32 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules
Authors: D. W. Abbott, J. M. Eirin-Lopez, A. B. Boraston
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM32s) are found in a diverse group of microorganisms, including archea, eubacteria, and fungi. Significantly, many members of this family belong to plant and animal pathogens where they are likely to play a key role in enzyme toxin targeting and function. Indeed, ligand targets have been shown to range from insoluble plant cell wall polysaccharides to complex eukaryotic glycans. Besides a potential direct involvement in microbial pathogenesis, CBM32s also represent an important family for the study of CBM evolution due to the wide variety of complex protein architectures that they are associated with. This complexity ranges from independent lectin-like proteins through to large multimodular enzyme toxins where they can be present in multiple copies (multimodularity). Presented here is a rigorous analysis of the evolutionary relationships between available polypeptide sequences for family 32 CBMs within the carbohydrate active enzyme database. This approach is especially helpful for determining the roles of CBM32s that are present in multiple copies within an enzyme as each module tends to cluster into groups that are associated with distinct enzyme classes. For enzymes that contain multiple copies of CBM32s, however, there are differential clustering patterns as modules can either cluster together or in very distant sections of the tree. These data suggest that enzymes containing multiple copies possess complex mechanisms of ligand recognition. By applying this well-developed approach to the specific analysis of CBM relatedness, we have generated here a new platform for the prediction of CBM binding specificity and highlight significant new targets for biochemical and structural characterization.
The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on work absence, productivity, and healthcare benefit costs
Authors: Jun Su, Richard A. Brook, Nathan L. Kleinman, Patricia Corey‐Lisle
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is generally considered an asymptomatic disease. However, studies have shown that HCV has a substantial negative impact on patients' quality of life and functioning. This study was designed to compare absenteeism, productivity, and health cost between employees with and without HCV infection in the United States. Employee records from multiple large employers in the United States were obtained from the Human Capital Management Services Research Reference Database and were assessed for demographics, salary, healthcare use, work loss, and workers' compensation. HCV-infected subjects were identified by International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification codes. Controls were randomly selected from employees not diagnosed with HCV. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to determine if there were differences in demographic characteristics. Regression modeling compared days absent (among benefit-eligible employees) and productivity (among employees with data on task-oriented activities), while controlling for the impact of confounding factors. A total of 339,456 subjects were evaluated. Employees with HCV (n = 1664) had significantly more lost work days per employee than the control cohort (n = 337,792), including sick leave, short-term disability, and long-term disability. HCV-infected workers had 4.15 more days of absence per employee than the control cohort. Productivity was measured by units of work processed per hour; employees with HCV processed 7.5% fewer units per hour than employees without HCV (P > 0.05). All healthcare benefit costs among HCV employees were significantly higher than the same costs among employees without HCV. Overall, the total incremental difference was $8352 per year. This real world study provides evidence that there is a substantial indirect burden of illness and describes a relationship between HCV infection, productivity, increased absenteeism, and higher healthcare benefit costs.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary Stenting in Women Versus Men
Authors: Monique L. Anderson, Eric D. Peterson, J. Matthew Brennan, Sunil V. Rao, David Dai, Kevin J. Anstrom, Robert Piana, Andra Popescu, Art Sedrakyan, John C. Messenger, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Conflicting evidence exists on sex-based outcomes after coronary stenting. Methods and Results— Data on 426 996 patients ≥65 years old (42.3% women) from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry (2004–2008) were linked to Medicare inpatient claims to compare in-hospital outcomes by sex and long-term outcomes by sex and stent type. In-hospital complications were more frequent in women than in men: death (3869 [2.2%] versus 3737 [1.6%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–1.49), myocardial infarction (2365 [1.3%] versus 2858 [1.2%]; odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11–1.27), bleeding (7860 [4.4%] versus 5627 [2.3%]; odds ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.79–1.93), and vascular complications (2381 [1.3%] versus 1648 [0.7%]; odds ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.73–1.99). At 20.4 months, women had a lower adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94) but similar rates of myocardial infarction, revascularization, and bleeding. Relative to bare metal stent use, drug-eluting stent use was associated with similar improved long-term outcomes in both sexes: death (women: adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76–0.81; men: HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74–0.79), myocardial infarction (women: HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74–0.84; men: HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77–0.85), and revascularization (women: HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97; men: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88–0.94). There was no interaction between sex and stent type for long-term outcomes. Conclusions— In contemporary coronary stenting, women have a slightly higher procedural risk than men but have better long-term survival. In both sexes, use of a drug-eluting stent is associated with lower long-term likelihood for death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization.
Differences in disability between people with mental handicaps who were resettled in the community and those who remained in hospital.
Authors: R Farmer, S Holroyd, J Rohde
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Eyes Regulations. 2 The British Standards Institution has also issued specifications for eye protectors.3Despite these, ocular foreign bodies continue to be a problem.The true number of patients who get foreign bodies in their eye while at work is certainly higher than the number presenting to this department as most firms have first aiders who will try to remove such foreign bodies.Compliance with wearing eye protectors is not as high as expected, with people deciding for themselves whether protection is needed in various circumstances.4Many of the patients interviewed also showed little awareness of the potential dangers of ocular foreign bodies.There seems to be scope for improved education of workers dealing with metals and possibly for the provision of individually measured eye protectors.A range of devices for different activities seems to be desirable.
Preventing Postpolypectomy Bleeding: Obligatory and Optional Steps
Authors: C. Fraser, B. Saunders
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Postpolypectomy bleeding is often an unpredictable event that creates great anxiety for all concerned and, like all complications, is best avoided. The study by Di Giorgio et al. [1] published in this month’s edition of Endoscopy provides useful new evidence to guide us in strategies aimed at preventing bleeding after polypectomy.
A METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE WHOLE OR A PART OF THE MIDDLE TURBINATE.
Authors: GREENFIELD SLUDER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The method which I shall describe has for its plan of execution an incision made from above, which detaches the turbinate at its origin from the capsule of the ethmoid. It is an incision such as one might make with a straight knife to remove a turbinate from a decalcified anatomic preparation, cutting from above instead of from below. It has the recommendations (1) of being rapidly executed; (2) of precision as to the amount of bone removed; with equal ease the anterior or the posterior fourth, half or two-thirds, or the entire turbinate may be removed; (3) the line of incision may be put so snug on the external wall as to leave no stump; (4) it may be executed in quarters so cramped that the blade of the scissors or the cutting forceps may not be possible of introduction; (5) it is not interfered with by the size
The Foreskin Saga
Authors: Jack R. Harnes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A recent article, "Whither The Foreskin"<sup>1</sup>again questions the value of circumcision, a problem bandied by physicians for years. It also calls to attention that this subject lends itself to some fanciful titles for medical articles, eg, "Penile Plunder,"<sup>2</sup>"The Fate of The Foreskin,"<sup>3</sup>and "The Rape of the Phallus,"<sup>4</sup>a group I feel justified in joining. In June 1965, Morgan<sup>4</sup>attacked circumcision as barbarous (Iagree), of no health value (I am shocked), and resulting in decreased sexual pleasure in the male (I am depressed). I am certain that I was not alone among the circumcised readers of that article in becoming quite concerned. My father was a young physician at the time of my circumcision and presumably had it done with best intentions. Nonetheless, although I am not a psychiatrist, a number of questions came to my mind. Did this represent an unconscious attack
The G534E polymorphism of the gene encoding the factor VII–activating protease is associated with cardiovascular risk due to increased neointima formation
Authors: Daniel Sedding, Jan-Marcus Daniel, Lars Muhl, Karin Hersemeyer, Hannes Brunsch, Bettina Kemkes-Matthes, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus, Harald Tillmanns, Thomas Weimer, Klaus T. Preissner, Sandip M. Kanse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The G534E polymorphism (Marburg I [MI]) of factor VII–activating protease (FSAP) is associated with carotid stenosis and cardiovascular disease. We have previously demonstrated that FSAP is present in atherosclerotic plaques and it is a potent inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration in vitro. The effect of wild-type (WT)- and MI-FSAP on neointima formation in the mouse femoral artery after wire-induced injury was investigated. Local application of WT-FSAP led to a 70% reduction in the neointima formation, and this effect was dependent on the protease activity of FSAP. MI-FSAP did not inhibit neointima formation in vivo. This is due to a reduced proteolytic activity of MI-FSAP, compared to WT-FSAP, toward platelet-derived growth factor BB, a key mediator of neointima development. The inability of MI-FSAP to inhibit vascular smooth muscle accumulation explains the observed linkage between the MI-polymorphism and increased cardiovascular risk. Hence, FSAP has a protective function in the vasculature, and analysis of MI polymorphism is likely to be clinically relevant in restenosis.
Which symptom assessments and approaches are uniquely appropriate for paediatric concussion?
Authors: G A Gioia, J C Schneider, C G Vaughan, P K Isquith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

To (a) identify post-concussion symptom scales appropriate for children and adolescents in sports; (b) review evidence for reliability and validity; and (c) recommend future directions for scale development.Quantitative and qualitative literature review of symptom rating scales appropriate for children and adolescents aged 5 to 22 years.Literature identified via search of Medline, Ovid-Medline and PsycInfo databases; review of reference lists in identified articles; querying sports concussion specialists. 29 articles met study inclusion criteria.5 symptom scales examined in 11 studies for ages 5-12 years and in 25 studies for ages 13-22. 10 of 11 studies for 5-12-year-olds presented validity evidence for three scales; 7 studies provided reliability evidence for two scales; 7 studies used serial administrations but no reliable change metrics. Two scales included parent-reports and one included a teacher report. 24 of 25 studies for 13-22 year-olds presented validity evidence for five measures; seven studies provided reliability evidence for four measures with 18 studies including serial administrations and two examining Reliable Change.Psychometric evidence for symptom scales is stronger for adolescents than for younger children. Most scales provide evidence of concurrent validity, discriminating concussed and non-concussed groups. Few report reliability and evidence for validity is narrow. Two measures include parent/teacher reports. Few scales examine reliable change statistics, limiting interpretability of temporal changes. Future studies are needed to fully define symptom scale psychometric properties with the greatest need in younger student-athletes.