tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperthyroidism and Mitral-Valve Prolapse
Authors: Bertram J. Channick, E. Victor Adlin, Allan D. Marks, Barry S. Denenberg, Michael T. McDonough, C. Simon Chakko, James F. Spann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

MITRAL-valve prolapse is a common disorder whose prevalence has been reported to be from 6 to 21 per cent in otherwise normal subjects.1 , 2 It is approximately three times more common in females than in males, and it appears in some instances to be familial.3 Its pathogenesis is unknown, although in some cases there may be myxomatous transformation of the valve leaflets or abnormalities of the chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, or adjacent myocardium. An apparent association with heritable disorders of connective tissue, such as Marfan's syndrome,4 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,5 osteogenesis imperfecta,6 and pseudoxanthoma elasticum,7 suggests that in some cases a common developmental . . .
A method for quantitation of food biologic activity: Results with peach allergen extracts
Authors: Javier Cuesta-Herranz, Milagros Lázaro, Alberto Martínez, Emilio Alvarez-Cuesta, Elena Figueredo, Jorge Martínez, Carlos Cuesta, Manuel de-Las-Heras
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence
Authors: F Herbst, M A Kamm, G P Morris, K Britton, J Woloszko, R J Nicholls
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Colonic motor function has not been studied in the ambulatory setting over a prolonged period in the unprepared state. Furthermore, the disturbance of this function in patients with faecal incontinence is unknown. Aim —To study colonic function over two to three days in the ambulatory, unprepared state in health and in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence. Methods —Six healthy women and six women with faecal incontinence and a structurally intact anal sphincter ingested a dual radioisotope meal, and had a six sensor, solid state manometric probe colonoscopically inserted into the left colon. Scanning was performed until radioisotope left the gut and pressure was recorded for a median of 44 hours. Results —Three of six patients showed abnormal gastric emptying. Patients showed no disturbance of colonic radioisotope transit. Controls had a median of 12, whereas patients had a median of 16, high amplitude propagated waves per 24 hours. In three patients urge incontinence was associated with high amplitude (up to 500 cm water) propagated waves which often reached the rectum. These high pressure waves were identical to those occuring in healthy subjects, the only difference being the lack of adequate sphincter response. Passive incontinence was not associated with colonic motor activity. Defaecation in all subjects was associated with identical propagated waves, and distal movement of 13 % (median) of right colonic content and excretion of 32% from the left colon and rectum. The urge to defaecate was associated with either propagated waves (45%) or non-propagated contractions (55%). Rectal motor complexes were recorded in both groups of subjects, but similar rhythmic activity was also recorded in the sigmoid and descending colon. Conclusions —Normal colonic function consists of frequent high pressure propagated waves. Rhythmic activity occurs both proximal to and in the rectum. Defaecation is characterised by high pressure propagated waves associated with coordinated anal sphincter relaxation. Patients with faecal incontinence may have a widespread disturbance of gut function. Urge incontinence, an urge to defaecate, and defaecation can all be associated with identical high amplitude propagated pressure waves.
Abstract A23: Detection of K ras mutations in Korean non small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Hee Joung Kim, Sun Jong Kim, Gwang Ha Yoo, Won Dong Kim, Seo Young Oh, Wan Seop Kim, Kye Young Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Point mutation of the K ras gene is known to be a poor prognostic marker of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. This study aims to define frequency of K ras mutations and evaluate clinical features of patients with Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbor K ras mutation. Methods: NSCLC patient who were diagnosed from Sep. 2005 to Aug. 2011 at Konkuk University Hospital were included in this retrospective study. K ras mutation was assessed by pyrosequencing on biopsy or cytology specimen. Medial chart review was performed and clinical characteristics were compared according to K ras mutation status of their tumors. Results: K ras mutation was found in 25 (9.0%) of 277 patients and which was similar to those in East Asian countries, but lower than those in western countries. Fifteen mutations (60.0%) were point mutation at codon 12 (GGT), 7 mutations (28.0%) were point mutation at codon 61 (CAA), and 3 mutations (12.0%) were found at codon 13 (GGC) in exon 2. Median age of 25 patients with KRAS mutation was 6 years (range 43–85 years). There were 20 males (80.0%) and 3 never-smokers (12.0%). The majority of histological diagnoses were adenocarcinomas (21 cases; 84.0%) and squamous cell carcinomas were followed (3 cases; 12.0%). Interestingly, 2 patients had both mutations of EGFR and KRAS unlike previous studies, they showed favorable response to EGFRTKIs. Conclusions: The data indicate that KRAS mutation is less frequent in Korean than Caucasian patients. Although it is suggested that EGFR and KRAS mutations occur in mutually exclusive, very few of the patients with KRAS mutation showed also EGFR mutation and relatively favorable response to EGFR-TKIs. Additional large scale prospective studies are needed in order to validate the clinical significance of Kras mutation in Asian patients.
An immunoprotective molecule, the major secretory protein of Legionella pneumophila, is not a virulence factor in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease.
Authors: S J Blander, L Szeto, H A Shuman, M A Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We have examined whether a molecule that is capable of inducing immune protection, the major secretory protein (MSP) of Legionella pneumophila, is required for virulence in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease. To do so, we have compared the virulence in guinea pigs of an isogenic pair of L. pneumophila, Philadelphia 1 strain, one of which produces MSP (MSP+) and one of which does not (MSP-). Both the MSP- strain and the MSP+ strain of L. pneumophila are highly virulent for guinea pigs, inducing similar signs and progression of illness. Both strains are lethal and have comparable LD50s and LD100s. Both strains multiply in the lungs of guinea pigs at a similar rate, and both strains produce indistinguishable pathological lesions in the lungs. Both strains maintain a stable phenotype with guinea pig passage, i.e., the MSP- strain does not regain the capacity to secrete MSP and the MSP+ strain retains its capacity to secrete MSP after lung passage. Although vaccination with MSP induces strong protective immunity in the guinea pig against lethal aerosol challenge with L. pneumophila, this protective immunogen is not required in its intact proteolytically active form for the expression of virulence by the intracellular pathogen L. pneumophila. This demonstrates that a protective immune response need not necessarily be directed against a virulence determinant and suggests that any molecule that allows the host immune system to detect and act against an intracellularly sequestered pathogen may potentially serve as a protective immunogen against such a pathogen.
Portal Hypertension and Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: William A. Tisdale, Gerald Klatskin, William W. L. Glenn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THERE are a few well documented cases of bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices in the absence of associated portal hypertension.1 2 3 However, most patients with life-threatening hemorrhage from varices have portal hypertension, proved or assumed, as an underlying cause. Following the example of Whipple,4 most authors emphasize the role of venous obstruction in the production of portal hypertension and its consequences, classifying their cases into "intrahepatic" and "extrahepatic" groups depending on the presumed site of obstruction. Although such a classification simplifies the clinical evaluation and management of variceal bleeding, it ignores other important, nonobstructive etiologic factors. Since the pressure within the . . .
Estimation of mitral valve area in patients with mitral stenosis by the flow convergence region method: Selection of aliasing velocity
Authors: You-Bin Deng, Masayuki Matsumoto, Xin-Fang Wang, Li Liu, Satoshi Takizawa, Noboru Takekoshi, Takeshi Shimizu, Kazunori Mishima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Liver regeneration in a retrorsine/CCl4 – induced acute liver failure model: do bone marrow-derived cells contribute?
Authors: Marc H Dahlke, Felix C Popp, Ferdinand H Bahlmann, Heiko Aselmann, Mark D Jäger, Michael Neipp, Pompiliu Piso, Jürgen Klempnauer, Hans J Schlitt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Idiopathic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Possibly Related to Advanced Age
Authors: CARL S. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a cause of hypotonic hyponatremia is well recognized. The syndrome is commonly associated with cranial and thoracic infectious disease or malignancy. An idiopathic form of the syndrome has been reported, but poorly documented. Our patient, an 88-year-old man without any associated disease, had SIADH confirmed by a standard water load test. The pattern of antidiuretic hormone release corresponded to the "vasopressin leak" pattern. A review of ten cases of "idiopathic" SIADH showed that each of these cases has been associated with neuropsychiatric or other medical disturbances. We conclude that idiopathic inappropriate antidiuresis does exist and is a discrete category of SIADH. Data suggest that advanced age may be a risk factor for this disease. This syndrome may account for the increased susceptibility to hyponatremia among older patients.
Long-term Outcomes Among Older Patients Following Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Advanced Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Mohamed L. Sorror, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Barry E. Storer, Georg N. Franke, Ginna G. Laport, Thomas R. Chauncey, Edward Agura, Richard T. Maziarz, Amelia Langston, Parameswaran Hari, Michael A. Pulsipher, Wolfgang Bethge, Firoozeh Sahebi, Benedetto Bruno, Michael B. Maris, Andrew Yeager, Finn Bo Petersen, Lars Vindeløv, Peter A. McSweeney, Kai Hübel, Marco Mielcarek, George E. Georges, Dietger Niederwieser, Karl G. Blume, David G. Maloney, Rainer Storb
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>A minimally toxic nonmyeloablative regimen was developed for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to treat patients with advanced hematologic malignancies who are older or have comorbid conditions.<h3>Objective</h3>To describe outcomes of patients 60 years or older after receiving minimally toxic nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>From 1998 to 2008, 372 patients aged 60 to 75 years were enrolled in prospective clinical HCT trials at 18 collaborating institutions using conditioning with low-dose total body irradiation alone or combined with fludarabine, 90 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, before related (n = 184) or unrelated (n = 188) donor transplants. Postgrafting immunosuppression included mycophenolate mofetil and a calcineurin inhibitor.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Overall and progression-free survival were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cumulative incidence estimates were calculated for acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease, toxicities, achievement of full donor chimerism, complete remission, relapse, and nonrelapse mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox regression models.<h3>Results</h3>Overall, 5-year cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 27% (95% CI, 22%-32%) and 41% (95% CI, 36%-46%), respectively, leading to 5-year overall and progression-free survival of 35% (95% CI, 30%-40%) and 32% (95% CI, 27%-37%), respectively. These outcomes were not statistically significantly different when stratified by age groups. Furthermore, increasing age was not associated with increases in acute or chronic graft-vs-host disease or organ toxicities. In multivariate models, HCT-specific comorbidity index scores of 1 to 2 (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.08-2.31]) and 3 or greater (HR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.38-2.80]) were associated with worse survival compared with an HCT-specific comorbidity index score of 0 (P = .003 overall). Similarly, standard relapse risk (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.10-2.54]) and high relapse risk (HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.43-3.43]) were associated with worse survival compared with low relapse risk (P &lt; .001 overall).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among patients aged 60 to 75 years treated with nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT, 5-year overall and progression-free survivals were 35% and 32%, respectively.
Biliary epithelial cells and primary biliary cirrhosis: The role of liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells
Authors: Shinji Shimoda, Kenichi Harada, Hiroaki Niiro, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yuji Soejima, Akinobu Taketomi, Yoshihiko Maehara, Koichi Tsuneyama, Minoru Nakamura, Atsumasa Komori, Kiyoshi Migita, Yasuni Nakanuma, Hiromi Ishibashi, Carlo Selmi, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by the highly selective autoimmune injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts, despite widespread distribution of mitochondrial autoantigens. On this basis, it has been suggested that the targeted biliary epithelial cells (BECs) play an active role in the perpetuation of autoimmunity by attracting immune cells via chemokine secretion. To address this issue, we challenged BECs from patients with PBC and controls using multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands as well as autologous liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells (LMNCs) with subsequent measurement of BEC phenotype and chemokine production and LMNC chemotaxis by quantifying specific chemokines. Our data reflect that BECs from PBC patients and controls express similar levels of TLR subtypes, CD40, and human leukocyte antigen DRalpha (HLA-DRalpha) and produce equivalent amounts of chemokines in our experimental conditions. Interestingly, however, BEC-expressed chemokines elicit enhanced transmigration of PBC LMNCs compared with controls. Furthermore, the addition of autologous LMNCs to PBC BECs led to the production of higher levels of chemokines and enhanced the expression of CD40 and HLA-DRalpha.We submit that the proinflammatory activity of BECs in PBC is secondary to the intervention of LMNCs and is not determined per se. These data support the hypothesis that BECs are in fact "innocent victims" of autoimmune injury and that the adaptive immune response is critical in PBC.
Selenium intoxication: undesirable effect of a fasting cure
Authors: B. Schuh, U. Jappe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Selenium intoxication: undesirable effect of a fasting cure Get access B. Schuh, B. Schuh Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Jappe U. Jappe Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Correspondence: Uta Jappe. E‐mail: uta_jappe@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 177–178, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07578.x Published: 01 January 2007
AN ASSAY OF GRAFT-HOST INTERACTIONS ACROSS STRONG AND WEAK HISTOCOMPATIBILITY BARRIERS IN MICE
Authors: Joshua Miller, James C. Pierce, Carlos Martinez, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

1. A new assay of graft-host interactions has been presented. It consists of the early finding of liver infiltrates in responsive and unresponsive homologous recipients 1 to 3 days after the intravenous injection of competent lymphoid tissue in the mouse. 2. Evidence is presented that infiltrates are of donor origin, and are influenced by a homologous antigenic environment. They can be quantitatively increased by preimmunization of donor to recipient and decreased by preimmunization of recipient to donor. Furthermore, they are present in lethally x-irradiated or neonatally thymectomized unresponsive recipients after intravenous injection of competent homologous spleen cells. 3. Splenomegaly, which also occurs in this early period, is a product of both donor and host-specific immune reactivity together with a small non-specific component of host reactivity. 4. A comparison, of the responsiveness of lymphoid tissue from different strains to the same transplantation antigens is presented, together with the observation of differences in the reactivity of reciprocal donor-recipient injection combinations to each other. 5. Graft-host interactions with this model can be demonstrated in donor-host strain combinations isogenic at the H-2 locus without preimmunization of the donor. Differences in reactivity of reciprocal donor-recipient combinations of lymphoid tissue injections to each other can be detected in this group as well as in the groups differing at the strong H-2 locus.
Pharmacogenetics of metformin response: a step in the path toward personalized medicine
Authors: Marc L. Reitman, Eric E. Schadt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects 9.6% of the adults in the United States and more than 200 million people worldwide. Diabetes can be a devastating disease, but it can now be treated with nine classes of approved drugs (insulins, sulfonylureas, glinides, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetics, amylin mimetics, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors), in addition to diet and exercise regimens. Choosing which drug to give a patient is based on efficacy and also availability, cost, safety, tolerability, and convenience. Personalized medicine promises a path for individually optimized treatment choices, but realizing this promise will require a more comprehensive characterization of disease and drug response. In this issue of the JCI, Shu et al. make significant progress by integrating diverse data supporting the hypothesis that genetic variation in organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) affects the response to the widely used biguanide metformin (see the related article beginning on page 1422). We discuss metformin, OCT1, pharmacogenetics, and how the integrative genomics revolution is likely to change our understanding and treatment of diabetes.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in transgenic mice with modified cardiac restricted tumor necrosis factor expression: Effects on left ventricular geometry and function
Authors: Abhinay Diwan, Eric M. Wilson, Andrea M. Parkhurst, Patricia Escobar, Jennifer W. Hendrik, Kathryn B. Dowdy, Abigail S. Lowry, Jennifer R. Holder, Dorellyn Lee-Jackson, Francis G. Spinale, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THE EXPENDITURE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY.
Authors: MARGARET A. CLEAVES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

To the physician, whose daily electro-therapeutic work is carried on with a voltmeter as well as a milliampere meter in circuit, the fundamental characteristic of electricity—pressure — becomes immediately a self-evident fact. While this may be a perfectly familiar truth in the abstract, it is impossible to have that clear perception of it which arises from the use of the means for its actual demonstration and measurement. So long as there is recognized in electro-therapeutic work only the rate of flow in milliamperes, it is not possible to have an intelligent conception of the force by means of which we make electricity available, or of the laws governing its action. Whenever connections are made between the source of an E. M. F. or pressure (whether provided by chemic generators or dynamos) and the voltmeter, the needle swings to its place with certainty and precision, demonstrating the existence at the terminals
Meningitis vaccine recommended for three groups of young people
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended the use of a new vaccine against meningitis for three groups of young people: children between 11 and 12 years old, students entering high school, and new students at college who will be living in student accommodation. The American Academy of Pediatrics also released similar recommendations.

The new meningitis vaccine, MCV4, was approved in January by the …
PATIENTS WITH CORONARY DISEASE WITHOUT TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS SHOW A MORE FAVORABLE PROFILE OF BIOMARKERS RELATED TO MINERAL METABOLISM, INFLAMMATION AND HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ana Maria Pello, Carmen Cristóbal, Nieves Tarín, Ana Huelmos, Oscar Lorenzo, Juan Antonio Franco Pelaez, Álvaro Aceña, Rocío Carda, Jerónimo Farré, Ignacio Mahillo, Joaquin Alonso, Jesus Egido, Lorenzo Lopez Bescos, José Tuñón
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Variation in Carotid Endarterectomy Mortality in the Medicare Population
Authors: David E. Wennberg, F. L. Lucas, John D. Birkmeyer, Carl E. Bredenberg, Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in reducing the risk of stroke and death in selected patients when surgery was performed in institutions whose participation depended on demonstrated excellence.Thirty-day mortality rates in the trials were very low: 0.6% in NASCET and 0.1% in ACAS.Objective.-Toassess perioperative mortality among Medicare patients undergoing CEA in all nonfederal institutional settings.Design.-Retrospective national cohort study.Setting and Patients.-All113 300 Medicare patients undergoing CEA during 1992 and 1993 in "trial hospitals" (those participating in NASCET and ACAS, n=86) and "nontrial hospitals" (all other nonfederal institutions performing CEAs, n=2613).Nontrial hospitals were stratified into terciles based on volume of CEAs performed.Main Outcome Measures.-Crudeand adjusted perioperative (30 day) mortality rates.Results.-The perioperative mortality rate was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%-1.7%)at trial hospitals; mortality in nontrial hospitals was higher: 1.7% (95% CI, 1.6%-1.8%)(high volume); 1.9% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.1%)(average volume); 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.9%)(low volume); (P for trend, Ͻ.001).In multivariate modeling, patients undergoing their procedures at trial hospitals had a mortality risk reduction of 15% (95% CI, 0%-31%) compared with high-volume nontrial hospitals, 25% (95% CI, 7%-40%) compared with average-volume hospitals, and 43% (95% CI, 25%-56%) compared with low-volume hospitals (P for trend, Ͻ.001).Conclusion.-Medicare patients' perioperative mortality following CEA is substantially higher than that reported in the trials, even in those institutions that participated in the randomized studies.Caution is advised in translating the efficacy of carefully controlled studies of CEA to effectiveness in everyday practice.
The Challenge of Drug-Induced Aseptic Meningitis Revisited
Authors: German Morís, Juan Carlos Garcia-Monco
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Cases of drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) are likely underreported, and only a few reviews of the literature have been performed. We have updated (to February 2014) a previous review (1999)1 to identify newer agents associated with DIAM, as well as distinctive new features.