tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia A and the blood transfusion service: a Scottish study.
Authors: J D Cash, M Spencely
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The demand for blood products containing factor VIII for treating patients with haemophilia A in south-east Scotland was reviewed. From 1961 to 1975 the demand for fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate (CP), and antihaemophilic factor (AHF) increased by seven and a half times, while total donations increased by only a third. Patients with severe haemophilia A treated at the regional haemophilia centre used about 85% of the factor VIII issued in 1971-4, most of which was used on demand. A patient with severe haemophilia A on unlimited ondemand home treatment would need about 500 units of factor VII/kg body weight/year, and a regional haemophilia centre, treating moderate and mild cases as well as severe ones, would use 15000 units/patient/year. Altogether about 50 million units of factor VIII will be needed each year in the UK. Although cryoprecipitate is much harder to store and administer than AHF, its yield from plasma may be far greater and its cost far smaller. Unless the blood transfusion services receive increased amounts of money and reappraise their functions and operation, it seems likely that they will have to rely increasingly on commercial (and costly) sources for the major plasma fractions.
Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Significance of Low Leukocyte Counts With Blasts or Traumatic Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Britta Bürger, Martin Zimmermann, Georg Mann, Joachim Kühl, Lutz Löning, Hansjörg Riehm, Alfred Reiter, Martin Schrappe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine the significance of leukemic blasts or traumatic lumbar puncture (TLP) in diagnostic CSF of children enrolled in the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-BFM-95 trial.A total of 2,021 patients were retrospectively evaluated according to initial central nervous system (CNS) status. Patients were classified as follows: CNS1 (CNS negative, n = 1,605), CNS2 (< or = 5 WBC/ micro L CSF with blasts, n = 103), CNS3 (CNS positive, n = 58), TLP+ (TLP with blasts, n = 135), or TLP- (TLP without blasts, n = 111). Patients with CNS2 and TLP+ status were eligible for two additional doses of intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX). CNS3 patients received additional IT MTX and cranial irradiation (18 Gy).CNS2, CNS3, and TLP+ groups contained a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable characteristics. Cox regression analysis identified TLP+ and CNS3 status as prognostically significant (CNS3): risk ratio (RR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 3.6; P =.0005; TLP+: RR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.2; P =.04. Overall 5-year event-free survival (EFS) is 79%, for CNS1 it is 80%, and for TLP- it is 83%. CNS2 patients have an EFS of 80%, but the cumulative incidence of relapses with CNS involvement is higher compared with CNS1 patients (0.10 v 0.04). TLP+ patients have a significantly reduced EFS (73%, P =.003) because of an increased incidence of CNS relapses. CNS3 patients suffer from more systemic and CNS relapses (EFS 50%).CNS2 patients have the same prognosis as patients with CNS1 status, whereas the EFS of TLP+ patients is inferior to CNS1 but superior to CNS3 patients (P =.001). Both subgroups may have benefitted from additional IT MTX.
Posterior cortical atrophy: correlation between clinical, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography Imaging
Authors: Tinatin Chabrashvili, Haley Lamonica, Bassel Sawaya
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Posterior cortical atrophy is a rare syndrome and considered to be a spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease. Cases of corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy Body, and prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, have also been described with such a syndrome. Despite the similar pathological findings seen in Alzheimer’s disease, patients with posterior cortical atrophy present with prominent visuoperceptual impairment which is disproportional to impairment in other cognitive domains. Frequently, these patients are initially seen in ophthalmology clinics due to their visual complaints, and often the diagnosis is delayed. Recently, Positron Emission Tomography based on the identification of amyloid burden in the brain gained momentum as a diagnostic imaging option in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Here we present a case of a 79 year old woman with a visual disturbance, and contrast her clinical presentation with neuropsychological testing and Magnetic Resonance and Positron Emission Tomography imaging to demonstrate the utility of diagnostic tools in patients with a presumed diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy.
PROTEINURIA IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH ON TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS ON CLOPIDOGREL BUT NOT ASPIRIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Carlos D. Davila, Fernando M. Vargas, Kuan-Hsiang Gary Huang, Thomas Monaco, Anastasios Dimou, Janani Rangaswami, Vincent Figueredo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Use of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Investigation of Submucosal and Extrinsic Masses of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Y. Sasaki, Y. Niwa, Y. Hirooka, N. Ohmiya, A. Itoh, N. Ando, R. Miyahara, S. Furuta, H. Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aim: Ensdoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been reported as a useful technique for histological diagnosis of submucosal or extrinsic gastrointestinal and pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of lesions either within or adjacent to the wall of the colon and rectum. Patients and Methods: A total of 22 patients with a lesion within the wall of, or adjacent to, the colon or rectum underwent EUS-FNA. They were divided into two groups: patients who had previously had a malignancy (the "previous +ve" group, n = 11), and patients who had not previously had a malignancy (the "previous -ve" group, n = 11). In the four patients who had lesions located proximal to the sigmoid colon, EUS-FNA was performed using a guide wire and overtube. The success rates for adequate tissue sampling and for detecting malignant and benign masses by EUS-FNA were evaluated and the success rate for detection was compared with the success rate of EUS and computed tomography. Results: Sufficient tissue for evaluation was obtained from 21 of the 22 patients (95.5 %). The overall rate of detection of malignant and benign masses was 95.5 % (21/22) for EUS-FNA and 81.8 % (18/22) for pre-EUS-FNA imaging investigations. Of the 11 patients in the previous +ve group, ten were diagnosed with recurrences of primary malignancies; of the 11 patients in the previous -ve group, four were diagnosed with primary malignancies and seven were diagnosed with benign lesions. There were no complications related to the EUS-FNA procedure. Conclusions: EUS-FNA is a safe technique which is useful in the planning of treatment for patients who have a mass within the wall or adjacent to the wall of the entire length of the colon or rectum.
Bilateral Posterior Fracture Dislocation of the Shoulder — An Uncommon Complication of a Convulsive Seizure
Authors: Bert Lincoln Pear
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A CONVULSIVE seizure can be fraught with hazard. Frequently, the fit is not observed, and the state of unconsciousness attributed to other causes. Therefore, the presence of bilateral posterior dislocation, or fracture dislocation, of the shoulder can be considered virtually pathognomonic of a convulsion since bilateral dislocation is due to violent muscular contractions.Case ReportsCase 1. In January, 1969, a 45-year-old man had an unexplained fit, in which he was seen to wheel around, arms flailing, and fall back unconscious onto a bed.After the attack his chief complaint was related to pain in the shoulders and arms. A . . .
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonals in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alan B. Sandler, David H. Johnson, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract There is an urgent need for new therapies to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because current chemotherapy regimens are of limited effectiveness. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in promoting tumor angiogenesis, in maintaining existing vasculature, and in resistance to traditional therapies, together with its negative prognostic significance in NSCLC, make it an appropriate target for therapy. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor, has shown promise in treating a number of different cancers. In a recent Phase II trial in patients with advanced metastatic NSCLC, the addition of bevacizumab to standard carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy significantly increased the time to progression and increased the response rate when compared with chemotherapy alone. This was particularly impressive in the subset of patients with non-squamous histology. Bevacizumab is generally well tolerated and did not appear to increase the incidence or severity of nausea/vomiting, neuropathy and renal toxicity, which are typically associated with carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy. Adverse events in Phase I and II studies included hypertension, thrombosis, proteinuria (with occasional nephrotic syndrome), and epistaxis. Serious tumor-related bleeding episodes (hemoptysis/hematemesis) seem to be the main safety concern in patients with NSCLC, with squamous cell histology as a possible risk factor. Present ongoing studies are under way in NSCLC including (a) a Phase II neo-adjuvant study in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with stage IB–IIA NSCLC; (b) a Phase I/II study of bevacizumab in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor agent, Tarceva, in patients with previously treated NSCLC; and (c) an Eastern Cooperative Group randomized Phase III study of paclitaxel and carboplatin with/without bevacizumab in patients with previously untreated IIIB (malignant pleural effusion) or metastatic NSCLC. These studies will help to establish the role of bevacizumab in NSCLC.
Aspartame Metabolism in Normal Adults, Phenylketonuric Heterozygotes, and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: L J Filer, Lewis D Stegink
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This study reviews clinical studies testing the effects of various doses of aspartame on blood levels of phenylalanine, aspartate, and methanol in normal subjects and known phenylketonuric heterozygotes. The effect of aspartame on the phenylalanine-to-large neutral amino acid ratio under various feeding situations is shown. The clinical studies of aspartame in diabetic subjects are limited to observations of its effects on blood levels of glucose, lipids, insulin, and glucagon. These studies clearly demonstrate the safety of this high-intensity sweetener for use by humans.
A Perspective on PEEP
Authors: Sharon S. Cassidy, F. Andrew Gaffney, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Controlled positive-pressure ventilation with added positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a major method of therapy for the severe hypoxemia associated with pulmonary edema, especially that associated with the persistent pulmonary edema caused by lung-capillary injury and increased capillary permeability.1 Although PEEP raises arterial oxygen tension and content in this setting, it may also lower cardiac output.2 Thus, PEEP has opposing influences on oxygen delivery to the tissues, since oxygen transport depends on the product of arterial oxygen content and cardiac output. A precise understanding of the mechanisms by which PEEP reduces cardiac output might allow more appropriate therapy. This issue . . .
Antibiotic resistant microbes biggest threat to European health
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
Samuel Wesley Perry III, MD
Authors: Lysa Miller
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
miR-9 is a tumor suppressor in pediatric AML with t(8;21)
Authors: S Emmrich, J E Katsman-Kuipers, K Henke, M E Khatib, R Jammal, F Engeland, F Dasci, C M Zwaan, M L den Boer, L Verboon, J Stary, A Baruchel, V de Haas, A A Danen-van Oorschot, M Fornerod, R Pieters, D Reinhardt, J H Klusmann, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
P4-14-03: Support Groups in Breast Cancer: An Evidence Based Assessment of 1606 Patients with Concerning Topics for Support Group Discussion and Presentation.
Authors: RJ Gralla, KD Morse, CN Rittenberg, JA Petersen, LM Rosen, M Lesser
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Cancer support groups are conducted at most cancer centers. Although there is increasing demand among patients and families for support groups, little data exist outlining which topics patients and caregivers consider as most important for support group discussion and presentation. We conducted a large web-based anonymous survey to determine preferences of patients and caregivers for cancer support groups, including 1606 individuals with breast cancer and 3723 with other malignancies. Methods: The established patient base of NexCura®, a web-based information resource, was used to survey registered patients and caregivers in this on-line assessment. Participants ranked 26 topics on a 5-point Likert scale which evaluated the importance of each item. Demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and support group content preferences were assessed. Results: There were 4402 respondents to the invitation to participate, and 3723 patients and caregivers elected to participate (85%). Characteristics included for all 3723 patients: 70% women, mean age 58 (range 20–89). For the 1606 patients with breast cancer, 99.8% were women, the mean age was 56 (range 27–88); 53% were free of cancer. For the whole group, the four most common cancers were breast 45%, prostate 15%, lung 6%, and colorectal 5%. 90% of participants were patients and 10% were caregivers. 80% of participants rated all 26 topics. The table below shows rankings by the top 2 categories (the percent ranking each topic as “Very Important” or “Important”) of the 10 highest rated topics (and the rank order for each item) for patients with breast cancer and for all patients. Conclusions: 1) This is the largest survey of patients and caregivers concerning support groups for patients with breast cancer and for a general cancer population. 2) Patients with breast cancer ranked most topics similarly to the general cancer population; however, topics dealing with fatigue and stress management were somewhat more highly ranked by those with breast cancer. 3) Physical, psychological, and communication issues were the most highly ranked issues by breast cancer patients and families. 4) These results should guide the content of support groups to meet the needs of patients and caregivers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-03.
Strong association between plasma thrombomodulin and pathergy test in Behcet disease
Authors: S Menashi, B Tribout, C Dosquet, P Le Toumelin, J-C Piette, B Wechsler, M-C Boffa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

ABSTRACT. Renal damage as a consequence of uncontrolled arterial hypertension is well recognized. Antihypertensive therapy has come to very significantly decrease the vascular damage in the kidneys of hypertensive patients. However, prevalence of mild renal insufficiency remains present in a significant proportion of the hypertensive population. This is accompanied by a marked increase in cardiovascular risk, as a consequence of the clustering of other cardiovascular risk factors and of insufficiently controlled BP. Prevention and protection of renal and cardiovascular damage in these patients will be one of the most relevent tasks in the future. E-mail: Luis_M_Ruilope@teleline.es
HIV coinfection shortens the survival of patients with hepatitis C virus-related decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Juan A. Pineda, Manuel Romero‐Gómez, Fernando Díaz‐García, José A. Girón‐González, José L. Montero, Julián Torre‐Cisneros, Raúl J. Andrade, Mercedes González‐Serrano, José Aguilar, Manuela Aguilar‐Guisado, José M. Navarro, Javier Salmerón, Francisco J. Caballero‐Granado, José A. García‐García
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on the survival of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is unknown. Because HIV infection is no longer considered an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation in some countries, it has become a priority to address this topic. The objective of this study was to compare the survival of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to HCV. In a retrospective cohort study, the survival of 1,037 HCV monoinfected and 180 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients with cirrhosis after the first hepatic decompensation was analyzed. Of the group, 386 (37%) HCV-monoinfected and 100 (56%) HCV/HIV-coinfected subjects died during the follow-up. The median survival time of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients was 16 and 48 months, respectively (P < .001). The relative risk (95% CI) of death for HIV-infected patients was 2.26 (1.51-3.38). Other independent predictors of survival were age older than 63 years (2.25 [1.53-3.31]); Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B versus class A (1.95 [1.41–2.68]) and class C versus class A (2.78 [1.66–4.70]); hepatitis D virus infection (1.56 [1.12–4.77]); model for end-stage liver disease score, (1.05 [1.01-1-11]); more than one simultaneous decompensation (1.23 [1.12–3.33]); and the type of the first hepatic decompensation, with a poorer prognosis associated with encephalopathy compared with portal hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding (2.03 [1.26–3.10]). In conclusion, HIV coinfection reduces considerably the survival of patients with HCV-related ESLD independently of other markers of poor prognosis. This fact must be taken into account to establish the adequate timing of liver transplantation in HIV-coinfected subjects. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
The Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Lipid Levels-Reply
Authors: Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Siguel and Lerman indicate that two of 29 patients in our study developed evidence of heart disease while on a low-fat diet. One of these two subjects was a 70-year-old woman who developed an acute myocardial infarction and after having angiography was documented to have severe diffuse coronary atherosclerosis. The other patient was a 77-year-old man who had asymptomatic minor electrocardiographic changes during the course of the study. For patients to qualify for our study, they had to have a mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of more than 3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at the time of screening. In fact, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of our study subjects was 4.68 mmol/L (181 mg/dL). Such subjects are known to be at increased risk for coronary heart disease. It has been our experience that elderly patients with established risk factors for heart disease, even though they are asymptomatic
Combining Targeted Agents With Modern Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: P. Wong, P. Houghton, D. G. Kirsch, S. E. Finkelstein, A. M. Monjazeb, M. Xu-Welliver, A. P. Dicker, M. Ahmed, B. Vikram, B. A. Teicher, C. N. Coleman, M. Machtay, W. J. Curran, D. Wang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Improved understanding of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) biology has led to better distinction and subtyping of these diseases with the hope of exploiting the molecular characteristics of each subtype to develop appropriately targeted treatment regimens. In the care of patients with extremity STS, adjunctive radiation therapy (RT) is used to facilitate limb and function, preserving surgeries while maintaining five-year local control above 85%. In contrast, for STS originating from nonextremity anatomical sites, the rate of local recurrence is much higher (five-year local control is approximately 50%) and a major cause of death and morbidity in these patients. Incorporating novel technological advancements to administer accurate RT in combination with novel radiosensitizing agents could potentially improve local control and overall survival. RT efficacy in STS can be increased by modulating biological pathways such as angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, cell survival signaling, and cancer-host immune interactions. Previous experiences, advancements, ongoing research, and current clinical trials combining RT with agents modulating one or more of the above pathways are reviewed. The standard clinical management of patients with STS with pretreatment biopsy, neoadjuvant treatment, and primary surgery provides an opportune disease model for interrogating translational hypotheses. The purpose of this review is to outline a strategic vision for clinical translation of preclinical findings and to identify appropriate targeted agents to combine with radiotherapy in the treatment of STS from different sites and/or different histology subtypes.