tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in Contributing Factors to Tuberculosis Incidence in U.S.-born and Foreign-born Persons
Authors: DANIEL P. CHIN, KATHRYN DeRIEMER, PETER M. SMALL, ALFREDO PONCE de LEON, RACHEL STEINHART, GISELA F. SCHECTER, CHARLES L. DALEY, ANDREW R. MOSS, E. ANTONIO PAZ, ROBERT M. JASMER, CRISTINA B. AGASINO, PHILIP C. HOPEWELL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To determine the factors contributing to tuberculosis incidence in the U.S.-born and foreign-born populations in San Francisco, California, and to assess the effectiveness of tuberculosis control efforts in these populations, we performed a population-based molecular epidemiologic study using 367 patients with strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recently introduced into the city. IS6110-based and PGRS-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed on M. tuberculosis isolates. Patients whose isolates had identical RFLP patterns were considered a cluster. Review of public health and medical records, plus patient interviews, were used to determine the likelihood of transmission between clustered patients. None of the 252 foreign-born cases was recently infected (within 2 yr) in the city. Nineteen (17%) of 115 U.S.-born cases occurred after recent infection in the city; only two were infected by a foreign-born patient. Disease from recent infection in the city involved either a source or a secondary case with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, homelessness, or drug abuse. Failure to identify contacts accounted for the majority of secondary cases. In San Francisco, disease from recent transmission of M. tuberculosis has been virtually eliminated from the foreign-born but not from the U.S.-born population. An intensification of contact tracing and screening activities among HIV-infected, homeless, and drug-abusing persons is needed to further control tuberculosis in the U.S.-born population. Elimination of tuberculosis in both the foreign-born and the U.S.-born populations will require widespread use of preventive therapy.
Ligand binding to integrin αvβ3requires tyrosine 178 in the αv subunit
Authors: Shigenori Honda, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Nisar Pampori, Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Teruo Kiyoi, Satoru Kosugi, Seiji Tadokoro, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Sanford J. Shattil, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Blood (2001)
Abstract 2311: NDN, an imprinted tumor suppressor gene inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and motility and is downregulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Hailing Yang, Partha Das, Yinhua Yu, Keith Baggerly, Ying Wang, Weiqun Mao, Rebecca T. Marquez, Zhen Lu, Jinsong Liu, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract NDN is a maternally imprinted gene on chromosome 15q11.2 that is consistently expressed in normal ovarian epithelium, but dramatically downregulated in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines and surgical specimens, determined by gene expression array and RT-PCR analysis. On tissue microarrays, little or no NDN protein could be detected by immunohistochemical analysis in73% of 351 epithelial ovarian cancers. Loss of NDN expression could be attributed, in part, to LOH in 28% of 18 informative cases and to hypermethylation of CpG sites 1 and 2 in the NDN promoter region in 21% and 27% of 43 ovarian cancers, respectively. All hypermethylated cases were associated with NDN down-regulation. Promoter hypermethylation and decreased NDN expression were also found in 7 of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment with the demethylating agent decitabine increased NDN expression in 4 of 7 hypermethylated cell lines. Treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) increased NDN expression in 2 cell lines with normal or reduced methylation. However, when the two drugs were combined, they didn't show additive or synergistic effect. Re-expression of NDN in ovarian cancer cell lines such as SKOv3 and HEY significantly inhibited cell growth, associated with apoptosis, but not autophagy or necrosis. Re-expression of NDN also inhibited cell migration. These observations support the hypothesis that NDN is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene and its loss of function can be caused by multiple mechanisms in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Hailing Yang, Partha Das, Yinhua Yu, Keith Baggerly, Ying Wang, Weiqun Mao, Rebecca T. Marquez, Zhen Lu, Jinsong Liu, Robert C. Bast. NDN, an imprinted tumor suppressor gene inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and motility and is downregulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2311
Cigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness
Authors: A H Glassman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Psychiatry has been essentially uninterested in cigarette smoking and nicotine. However, it is the view of this author that both cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are highly relevant to the clinical psychiatrist in the care of patients and that they are potentially a source of important insights into psychopathology. To support that view, the author reviews the evidence that both major depression and depressive symptoms are associated with a high rate of cigarette smoking and that lifetime history of major depression has an adverse impact on smoking cessation. He also reviews the data available on the influence of cigarette smoking cessation on the course of major depression, the relationship between cigarette smoking and other psychiatric diagnoses, particularly schizophrenia, and the neuropharmacology that might underlie these associations. Finally, the implications of these relationships for psychiatry are discussed.
OPEN WARD POLICY AT ST. LAWRENCE STATE HOSPITAL
Authors: HERMAN B. SNOW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

1. The open door mental hospital is not presented as anything new since the precedent for this type of administration occurred 75 to 100 years ago as can be found in many hospital records and in the proceedings the American Psychiatric Association. 2. The open ward is not presented as a new therapeutic panacea that will cure patients of their mental illness. 3. It restores to the patient his dignity and pride which a locked door and a key had removed from him. 4. It relieves the patient of symptoms and tensions which have been superimposed on his original mental illness because of locked doors, grates on the windows and any other type of restriction and restraining instruments. 5. Many of the patients develop a sense of responsibility and a renewed interest in life. 6. The open door affects every department in the hospital. 7. The success of this program depends upon the attitude of the director of the hospital and how this attitude is instilled and transmitted through the channels and accepted at the ward personnel level. 8. It is felt that the open door is a tremendous factor in a therapeutic program in that it reinforces every phase of the general program to help the patients either adjust better or become well enough to leave the hospital.
Ethnicity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kiran Bambha, Patricia Belt, Maria Abraham, Laura A. Wilson, Mark Pabst, Linda Ferrell, Aynur Unalp-Arida, Nathan Bass
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the United States; however, few data are available about racial and ethnic variation. We investigated relationships between ethnicity, NAFLD severity, metabolic derangements, and sociodemographic characteristics in a well-characterized cohort of adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Data were analyzed from 1,026 adults (≥18 years) in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) from 2004 to 2008, for whom liver histology data were available within 6 months of enrollment. Associations between ethnicity (i.e., Latino versus non-Latino white) and NAFLD severity (i.e., NASH versus non-NASH histology and mild versus advanced fibrosis) were explored with multiple logistic regression analysis. We also investigated effect modification of ethnicity on metabolic derangements for NAFLD severity. Within the NASH CRN, 77% (N = 785) were non-Latino white and 12% (N = 118) were Latino. Sixty-one percent (N = 628) had NASH histology and 28% (N = 291) had advanced fibrosis. Latinos with NASH were younger, performed less physical activity, and had higher carbohydrate intake, compared to non-Latino whites with NASH. Gender, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelets, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly associated with NASH. Age, gender, AST, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, platelets, total cholesterol, hypertension, and HOMA-IR, but not ethnicity, were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis. The effect of HOMA-IR on the risk of NASH was modified by ethnicity: HOMA-IR was not a significant risk factor for NASH among Latinos (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.02), but was significant among non-Latino whites (OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11).Metabolic risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics associated with NASH differ by ethnicity. Additional insights into NASH pathogenesis may come from further studies focused on understanding ethnic differences in this disease.
Pattern of bile acid regurgitation and metabolism during perfusion of the bile duct obstructed rat liver
Authors: Ulrich Baumgartner, Jürgen Schölmerich, Christof Weitzel, Christian Ihling, Markus Sellinger, Erwin Löhle, Günther Ruf, Wolfgang Gerok, Eduard-Heinrich Farthmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Intranasal Aerosolized Insulin
Authors: Robert Salzman, JoAnn E. Manson, George T. Griffing, Renate Kimmerle, Neil Ruderman, Anthony McCall, Edwin I. Stoltz, Cathy Mullin, Donald Small, John Armstrong, James C. Melby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We assessed the efficacy of intranasal aerosolized insulin containing laureth-9 as a surfactant in patients with Type I diabetes by fasting studies in 8 patients, mixed-meal studies in 15, and long-term home use in 8. The intranasal insulin (1 U per kilogram of body weight in 1 per cent laureth-9) was rapidly absorbed (in 15 minutes); it lowered the plasma glucose level by 50 per cent in 45 minutes in fasting normal controls and by 50 per cent in 120 minutes in fasting diabetics. The glucose-lowering potency depended on the insulin dose and surfactant concentration. Nasal irritation was proportional to surfactant concentration, with great variability among subjects. After intranasal insulin used before meals (1 U per kilogram in 1 per cent laureth-9), the two-hour postprandial glucose level increased above before-meal levels by 38 mg per deciliter, as compared with 191 mg per deciliter after intranasal placebo in patients with Type I diabetes (P<0.05). An outpatient feasibility study examining three months of use of intranasal aerosolized insulin before meals as a supplement to Ultralente insulin revealed that the aerosol was well tolerated, with glycemic control (as indicated by the percentage of glycohemoglobin, home glucose measurements, and hypoglycemic reactions) comparable to that during a subsequent three-month period of conventional subcutaneous insulin treatment. The results suggest that intranasal insulin has potential as an adjunct to subcutaneous insulin in the therapy of Type I diabetes. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1078–84.)
On Frost Itch, or Prurigo Hyemalis
Authors: J. F. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1887)

the condition had been going on for more than eight years, and it showed no sign of mitigation.I could not see any reason for regarding it as syphilitic ; the condition seemed to approach nearest to what I have described as Sycosis of the Nails-a suppurative affection of the nail-bed, met with in delicate children, and often in conjunction with ophthalmia tarsi.But the child had no ophthalmia tarsi, nor did she appear to be delicate or strumous, nor, as regards most of the fingers, was the inflammation attended by suppuration.It is remarkable that, with so many fingers affected, the toes should have wholly escaped.A suspicion arose in my mind that the disease might be cryptogamic, but, on examination, we could find no fungus; and, further, I have never seen true tinea of the nails cause either suppuration or exfoliation.
Potentiation of coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: M J Kern, P Ganz, J D Horowitz, J Gaspar, W H Barry, B H Lorell, W Grossman, G H Mudge
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Although beta-adrenergic blocking agents reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and symptoms of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), propranolol has been reported to exacerbate coronary artery spasm in some patients with variant angina. To determine whether increased coronary vasomotor tone can be induced by beta-adrenergic blockade, we measured the changes in coronary vascular resistance (CVR) during cold pressor testing (CPT) in 15 patients, nine with severe CAD and six with normal left coronary anatomy, before and after i.v. propranolol (0.1 mg/kg). Coronary blood flow was measured by coronary sinus thermodilution. CVR was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by coronary sinus blood flow. Heart rate was maintained constant at a paced subanginal rate of 95 +/- 5 beats/min. Before propranolol, CPT induced significant increases in coronary vascular resistance in patients with CAD (15.0 +/- 2.2%, p less than 0.02), but no increase in CVR in the normal patients. After propranolol, the CVR change during CPT was augmented for patients with CAD (29 +/- 6%, p less than 0.01) and for the normal population (9 +/- 5%, NS). The potentiated increase in CVR occurred without significant changes in resting CVR or in the magnitude of the hypertensive response to CPT. We conclude that beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol can potentiate coronary artery vasoconstriction in some patients with CAD, possibly mediated by unopposed alpha-adrenergic vasomotor tone. These changes may be important in patients in whom intense adrenergic stimulation may increase coronary artery tone and adversely influence the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Black Woman
Authors: Beverly W. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ANKYLOSING spondylitis (AS) has recently been associated with the W27 tissue antigen in an incidence of 88% to 96%, as compared to 4% to 9% of controls.<sup>1,2</sup>The disease is more prevalent in men than in women, the incidence being 0.4% in men and 0.05% in women.<sup>2</sup>Baum and Ziff<sup>3</sup>have previously described the rarity of AS among blacks and concluded that the incidence in black men was 25% that in white men. Swezey and his colleagues<sup>4</sup>have commented on a lower prevalence of HL-A W27 in black women with AS. We report a black woman (Fig 1) who does have the W27 antigen and well-demonstrated spondylitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old black female nurse had had intermittent lumbosacral pain four years before admission. Two years before admission, neck pain developed and she was seen by an orthopedist for acute arthritis of the right sternoclavicular
Hyponatremia and Myelinolysis
Authors: Barbara I. Karp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997Hyponatremia and MyelinolysisBarbara I. Karp, MD and Robert Laureno, MDBarbara I. Karp, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Washington Hospital Center; Washington, DC 20010Search for more papers by this author and Robert Laureno, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Washington Hospital Center; Washington, DC 20010Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause myelinolysis. This iatrogenic illness has been well documented in humans [1, 2] and in controlled experiments in three mammalian species [3-5].Drs. Ayus and Arieff state that the rate of correction of plasma sodium concentration is “irrelevant,” yet they warn that a rate of correction of “more than 25 mmol/L in 48 hours can lead to cerebral demyelinating lesions.” These statements are contradictory. The authors then discuss one possible outcome of symptomatic hyponatremia. We have always recognized that neurologic complications are associated with both hyponatremia and its correction. We hope that Drs. ...References1. Karp BP, Laureno R. Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. A neurological disorder following rapid correction of hyponatremia. Medicine (Baltimore). 1993; 72:359-73. Google Scholar2. Sterns RH, Cappuccio JD, Silver SM, Cohen EP. Neurological sequelae after treatment of severe hyponatremia: a multicenter perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994; 4:1522-30. Google Scholar3. Illowsky BP, Laureno R. Encephalopathy and myelinolysis after rapid correction of hyponatremia. Brain. 1987; 110:855-67. Google Scholar4. Laureno R. Central pontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia. Ann Neurol. 1983; 13:232-42. Google Scholar5. Verbalis J, Martinez AJ. Neurological and neuropathological sequelae of correction of chronic hyponatremia. Kidney Int. 1991; 39:1274-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Washington Hospital Center; Washington, DC 20010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 163KeywordsAttentionBlood plasmaHyponatremiaLesionsSodium Issue Published: 15 July 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
FlnA binding to PACSIN2 F-BAR domain regulates membrane tubulation in megakaryocytes and platelets
Authors: Antonija Jurak Begonja, Fred G. Pluthero, Worawit Suphamungmee, Silvia Giannini, Hilary Christensen, Richard Leung, Richard W. Lo, Fumihiko Nakamura, William Lehman, Markus Plomann, Karin M. Hoffmeister, Walter H. A. Kahr, John H. Hartwig, Hervé Falet
Journal: Blood (2015)
Evidence that “myofibroblast-like” cells are the cellular source of capsular collage in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lucien P.J. Ooi, Darrell H.G. Crawford, David C. Gotley, Andrew D. Clouston, Russell W. Strong, Glenda C. Gobé, June W. Halliday, Kim R. Bridle, Grant A. Ramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Budget holding in Calverton: one year on.
Authors: J. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the Gatekeeper."You need one who says to me that we have a common interest in improving efficiency and that he or she understands I'm trying very hard but there may be some room for improvement.The Inspector should be able to give me the means to be more efficient.I need a helper, not a police officer, because efficiency is about learning-not rooting out 'bad apples.'You see, punishing 'bad apples' doesn't make the system work more efficiently, nor does it save much money!"The Gatekeeper paused briefly."There's another problem, too, because you cannot define my efficiency in terms of the number of poorly people I send to the Wizard or the number of spells I cast.To measure my efficiency you need to find out how, much healthier the people are as a result of what I do."5"Oh dear," said the King, "it all seems so terribly complicated.What shall we do, Minister?""Well, Sire," the Minister looked shifty, "we should keep quiet.In a few weeks' time we have to ask the people their opinion of us.We won't mention the Charter any more and we can tell them about our talks with the Kings in the lands over the sea." "Excellent, Minister," said the King.And what did the people think?That's another story.
How and Why We Should Move Our Geriatric Cheese
Authors: James R. Webster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Quality Indicators for Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders16 October 2001How and Why We Should Move Our Geriatric CheeseJames R. Webster Jr., MDJames R. Webster Jr., MDDr. Webster: Buehler Center on Aging; Chicago, IL 60611Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_2-200110161-00001 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Providing care for frail vulnerable elderly patients is quite different from caring for younger patients, who usually present with a clearly defined, single disease. The former routinely have more undifferentiated and challenging syndromes. Taking care of these patients is professionally challenging but rewarding, and given the changing demographics of internists' patients, it is becoming much more prevalent. The Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) manuscripts published in this supplement will enhance the abilities of all physicians to improve our management of the syndromes discussed and to evaluate how well we are succeeding.The papers in this supplement cover all aspects ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dr. Webster: Buehler Center on Aging; Chicago, IL 60611Corresponding Author: James R. Webster Jr., MD, Buehler Center on Aging, 750 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 601, Chicago, IL 60611. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRecorded quality of primary care for osteoarthritis: an observational studyThe quality of medical care for comorbid conditions of depressed eldersFarmacotherapie bij ouderenGeneesmiddelengebruik in rust- en verzorgingstehuizen in België: verslag van het PHEBE-onderzoekPharmacy Practice, Research, Education, and Advocacy for Older AdultsPotentially inappropriate prescriptions for older patients in long-term careA Program to Prevent Functional Decline in Physically Frail, Elderly Persons Who Live at HomeThe Domain Management Model: A Tool to Help Organize Care of Stroke Survivors in Skilled Nursing FacilitiesOrganizational Interventions to Improve Health Outcomes of Older PersonsThe Maryland Regulations: Rethinking Physician and Medical Director Accountability in Nursing Homes 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_2Page: 641-642KeywordsAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorAntidepressantsDementiaDrugsElderlyFallsGeriatricsOsteoarthritisPatientsQuality indicators ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...