tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is difficult asthma still clinically meaningful?
Authors: P. Chanez, P. Godard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Asthma is still a clinically prevalent and important chronic disease worldwide. A wide range of efficacious asthma medications and numerous national and international recommendations for their usage are now available. Thus, it is often a low rate of patient adherence and severity of the disease that pose the major challenge to effective asthma management. Physicians have learnt to treat asthmatics in order to achieve the best optimal control, to decrease mortality and prevent lung function decline, whereas patients are usually more concerned with their ability to live normally without any chronic disease and without any potential deleterious effects from therapy 1.

In 1999, a European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force adopted the term “difficult asthma”, which was defined as “asthma, poorly controlled in terms of chronic symptoms, with episodic exacerbations, persistent and variable airway obstruction and continued requirement for short-acting β2-agonists and a reasonable dose of inhaled corticosteroids” 2. These symptoms occur in a minority of patients with asthma, but they represent the highest consumers of health services, and their daily lives are severely affected by their chronic disease 3. A potential contributor to poor patient adherence to therapy may be a discrepancy between the aims of the doctor and those of the patient. This concept of difficult asthma challenges the current views on asthma as a benign, easy to diagnose and treat disease and requires specific extensive re-evaluation including diagnosis, management and careful long-term specialised follow-up.

We propose that the term “difficult asthma” is clinically very meaningful and that it should encourage patients to undergo a rigorous and systematic approach in a specialised centre using a multidisciplinary team. There have been several reports showing that this procedure is of benefit; however, further evaluations are certainly needed 4. We believe that the diagnosis of …
New Therapies for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Gary N. Holland, Adnan Tufail
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a devastating complication that may occur in as many as 40 percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).1 Lifelong daily intravenous infusions of ganciclovir or foscarnet can usually control cytomegalovirus retinitis,2 but these therapies are toxic, expensive, and inconvenient. they are also associated with the risk of catheter-related infection and sepsis. An orally administered anticytomegalovirus drug has therefore been a major goal.In this issue of the Journal, Drew and associates3 describe an important study of oral ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. The results, which corroborate those of other investigators,4 suggest that the . . .
Dust mite infestation of flour samples
Authors: F. C. Yi, J. Y. Chen, K. K. Chee, K. Y. Chua, B. W. Lee
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Ingestion of flour contaminated with dust mite may trigger severe anaphylaxis in tropical and sub‐tropical regions. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate environmental factors that affect dust mite propagation in the tropics. Materials &amp; Methods: Dust mites were introduced to a variety of flour samples and incubated at two different environmental conditions. Results: It was found that dust mites populations flourished best in wheat flour compared to other varieties of flour, and at ambient temperatures with high humidity instead of the air conditioned environment. Conclusion: Dust mite infestation of flour is dependent on the presence of wheat and high ambient temperature in the tropics.
Korotkoff Sounds
Authors: MORTON E. TAVEL, JAMES FARIS, WILLIAM K. NASSER, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, CHARLES FISCH
Journal: Circulation (1969)

We have studied Korotkoff sounds in 10 subjects by recording pressures and sounds simultaneously through a brachial arterial needle at locations both beyond and beneath the inflatable cuff. The Korotkoff sounds coincided with a small dip and ensuing steep rise in pressure immediately beyond the distal edge of the cuff. Sound intensity paralleled not only the rate and the acceleration of this steep ascent, but also the total pressure through which it was maintained. Pressures beneath the midportion of the cuff showed a more pronounced sharp initial negative dip, usually followed by a rapid reversal and steep rise, and the sounds were also recorded here in association with these rapid pressure changes. This study supports the hypothesis that the initial Korotkoff sound is produced by rapid changes of pressure both beneath and distal to the compressing cuff, sufficient in rate to impart sonic vibrations to the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. We have attempted to explain how these rapid pressure changes are produced.
Multiple Anaerobic Hepatic Abscesses Demonstrated on Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, NICHOLAS J. BATTAFARANO, PATRICK M. NELSON, ELIZABETH RHEA, ALLAN L. PARKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Multiple anaerobic hepatic abscesses were demonstrated by hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m diisopropyliminodiacetic acid (DISIDA). Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy further showed the abscesses to be at least partially Ga-67 avid. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the liver confirmed the structural nature of the hepatic lesions.
Loss of endothelial protein C receptors links coagulation and inflammation to parasite sequestration in cerebral malaria in African children
Authors: Christopher A. Moxon, Samuel C. Wassmer, Danny A. Milner, Ngawina V. Chisala, Terrie E. Taylor, Karl B. Seydel, Malcolm E. Molyneux, Brian Faragher, Charles T. Esmon, Colin Downey, Cheng-Hock Toh, Alister G. Craig, Robert S. Heyderman
Journal: Blood (2013)
NEW SPLINT FOR MANAGEMENT OF MALLET FINGER
Authors: Louis Spigelman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The mallet finger injury is frequently seen in general practice. The injury consists of an avulsion of the extensor tendon of a finger from its insertion, frequently with a fragment of bone, into the base of the distal phalanx. The extensor tendon of the finger divides over the back of the proximal phalanx into a central portion inserting in the base of the middle phalanx and two lateral slips that fuse together and insert on the base of the distal phalanx. When this latter insertion is torn, retraction takes place. Any principle of treatment for this condition must include this factor, and in treating the condition the raw area at the base of the distal phalanx must be opposed to the retracted extensor tendon. This is possible only if the distal interphalangeal joint is hyperextended while the proximal interphalangeal joint is kept at approximately 60 degrees of flexion.  The difficulty
Impact of direct stenting guided by intravascular ultrasound on clinical outcome of patients treated for native coronary disease
Authors: Edouard F. Cheneau, Laurent Leborgne, Daniel A. Canos, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Neil J. Weissman, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Functional categories in L2 acquisition: Evidence of presence is not necessarily presence of evidence
Authors: John Archibald, Eithne Guilfoyle, Elizabeth Ritter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Epstein et al. fail to show that L2 learners have full access to UG because they do not explain the relationship between UG and functional categories (FCs). Nor do they provide an explanation of why learners with (supposed) full knowledge of FCs fail to use them in a native-like way.
Some Limitations of I^131-Labeled Triolein and Oleic Acid in the Estimation of Steatorrhea.
Authors: Harold H. Scudamore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Some Limitations of I131-Labeled Triolein and Oleic Acid in the Estimation of Steatorrhea.Harold H. Scudamore, Ph.D., M.D., F.A.C.P., W. Newlon Tauxe, M.D., Alberto Achaval, M.D.Harold H. Scudamore, Ph.D., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. Newlon Tauxe, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Alberto Achaval, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-804_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRadioactive iodine-tagged lipids have been used extensively in the quantitative estimation and the differential diagnosis of steatorrhea. The usefulness of such studies has been evaluated in a large number of cases involving various conditions that can produce steatorrhea. When compared with the chemical analysis of stools for fat, the radioisotope method was more effective in detecting moderate or severe steatorrhea but less effective in indicating mild steatorrhea. The I131-labeled oleic acid test was combined with chemical analysis of stools for fat in an attempt to differentiate pancreatogenic steatorrhea from that of intestinal origin. A distinction was possible in a majority... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 804-804KeywordsChemical analysisFatsLipids Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Community Control of the Community Mental Health Center: I. Introduction
Authors: WILLIAM M. BOLMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author believes that community control of most community mental health centers will occur in the current decade. After giving the background and rationale for this trend, he outlines some of the problems psychiatrists are likely to face as they attempt to adjust to the new realities. He sees the need for more exposure by psychiatrists to ghetto problems, and stresses the enormous amount of time and other resources required for services other than the traditional clinical ones. Issues of racism can be expected to intensify and to complicate the problems.
Autophagy-induced tumor dormancy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ravi K. Amaravadi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Autophagy--a process of "self-eating" that involves enzymatic digestion and recycling of cellular constituents in response to stress--contributes to both cancer cell death and survival. In this issue of the JCI, Lu et al. report that controlled induction of tumor suppressor gene aplasia Ras homolog member I (ARHI) results in autophagic cell death of human ovarian cancer cells in vitro (see the related article beginning on page 3917). However, within xenograft tumors in mice, multiple factors within the tumor microenvironment switched ARHI-induced autophagy to a mechanism of tumor cell survival, leading to tumor dormancy. Since ARHI expression is suppressed in the majority of breast and ovarian cancers but is high in premalignant lesions, ARHI-induced autophagy could be manipulated for therapeutic benefit.
Cutaneous Na+ Storage Strengthens the Antimicrobial Barrier Function of the Skin and Boosts Macrophage-Driven Host Defense
Authors: Jonathan Jantsch, Valentin Schatz, Diana Friedrich, Agnes Schröder, Christoph Kopp, Isabel Siegert, Andreas Maronna, David Wendelborn, Peter Linz, Katrina J. Binger, Matthias Gebhardt, Matthias Heinig, Patrick Neubert, Fabian Fischer, Stefan Teufel, Jean-Pierre David, Clemens Neufert, Alexander Cavallaro, Natalia Rakova, Christoph Küper, Franz-Xaver Beck, Wolfgang Neuhofer, Dominik N. Muller, Gerold Schuler, Michael Uder, Christian Bogdan, Friedrich C. Luft, Jens Titze
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Abstract LB-52: CBX7 inhibits breast cancer stem cell activity and tumorigenicity through DKK-1-mediated suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Hey-Yon Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Hee-Young Won, Jeong-Yeon Lee, Gu Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chromoprotein homologue 7 (CBX7), a member of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC)-1, has been involved in several biological processes including stem cell regulation and cancer development, but its roles in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and breast tumorigenicity remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CBX7 negatively regulates breast CSCs. CD44+/CD24-/ESA+ cells, a population of breast CSCs, showed diminished CBX7 expression compared with non-CSCs. Furthermore, small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated CBX7 knockdown in breast epithelial and cancer cell lines increased breast CSC population and reinforced in vitro self-renewal and in vivo tumor initiating ability. Similarly, CBX7 overexpression showed reduced stemness of breast CSCs. We also found that CBX7 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF pathway by enhancing the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a Wnt antagonist, to impede self-renewal of breast CSCs. Particularly, CBX7 increased DKK-1 transcription by cooperating with p300 acetyltransferase and subsequently enhancing the histone acetylation of DKK-1 promoter. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of DKK-1 in CBX7 overexpressing cells showed recovery of the Wnt signaling and consequent rescue of breast CSC activity. Taken together, these findings indicated that CBX7-mediated epigenetic induction of DKK-1 is crucial for inhibition of breast CSC activity, suggesting that CBX7 could be a potential tumor suppressor as a novel negative regulator of CSCs in human breast cancer. Citation Format: Hey-Yon Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Hee-Young Won, Jeong-Yeon Lee, Gu Kong. CBX7 inhibits breast cancer stem cell activity and tumorigenicity through DKK-1-mediated suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-52. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-52
MSSA: a back door entry into medicine?
Authors: B Thalayasingham
Journal: BMJ (1987)

profession through the university examination.Furthermore, why should he want to exclude them when the GMC is happy to include them?Does he think that the GMC is an inadequate guardian of standards?As we already have the non-university examniing bodies why should one or more British medical schools be persuaded to enter the occasional refugee for their examinations, an unlikely hope if the present schismbetweenCambridgeUniversityandLondon University is anything to go by.
Abstract 792: Prognostic significance of four molecular markers in relation to fatal prostate cancer after prostatectomy
Authors: Sheila Weinmann, Reina Haque, Bhaskar Kallakury, Kathryn Richert-Boe, Deborah Berry, Stephen Van Den Eeden
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aside from Gleason grade, there are no established biomarkers to differentiate aggressive from indolent disease in early-stage prostate cancer. Such markers are needed to stratify patient selection for radical or conservative treatment. In the population of three managed care organizations, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the predictive value of immunohistochemical expression of four molecular markers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from prostatectomy specimens. Cases included 286 men whose prostate cancers progressed to death between 1971 and 2001; 344 controls with non-fatal prostate cancer were closely matched to cases on age, race, tumor stage, diagnosis year, and patterns of health plan membership. One expert prostate cancer pathologist reviewed all pathology slides to determine Gleason grade and select the highest grade tumor specimen for analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from the above specimens were immunostained by an automated method using antibodies against Ki-67, p53, p27kip1 and BCl-2. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively scored based on intensity and percentage of positive cells in both tumor and adjacent benign tissue, and results were correlated with clinicopathologic variables. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis, we identified Ki-67, P53, P27kip1, and BCl-2 as statistically significant predictors of prostate cancer mortality after adjustment for age, group, race, health plan, diagnosis year, and tumor stage. Marker expression was classified as presence yes/no (P53, BCl-2) or absence yes/no (P27kip1) of any staining or 10%+ expression vs. less (Ki-67). After further adjustment for Gleason grade, marker associations with mortality were as follows: Ki-67 odds ratio = 12.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-28.3, p&amp;lt;0.0001; P53 odds ratio = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.02; P27kip1 odds ratio = 2.1, 95% CI 0.90-4.9, p=0.09; BCl-2 odds ratio = 1.3, 95% CI 0.77-2.1, p=0.35. When we combined the four markers into one multivariate model including the matching variables and Gleason grade, only the association with the Ki-67 marker reached statistical significance (odds ratio = 10.6, 95% CI 4.2-26.8, p&amp;lt;0.0001). We conclude that the proliferative index as assessed by Ki-67 immunoreactivity is an independent predictor of aggressive prostate cancer and may have an important role in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic option in patients with this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 792.
Managed Health Care
Authors: Marc L. Rivo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE COUNCIL on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) was authorized by Congress in 1986 to provide an ongoing assessment of physician supply trends and to recommend appropriate public and private sector efforts to better match the physician workforce in composition and competencies to health care needs. The Council's Third Report, released in 1992, concluded that generalist and minority physician shortage, specialist physician surplus, and poor geographic distribution would hinder strategies to provide quality and affordable health care to all Americans.<sup>1</sup>Since then, the rapid growth of managed health care prompted COGME to examine its impact on the physician workforce and medical education. A broad spectrum of opinion was solicited from a report advisory group and from representatives from the managed care, medical education, and medical professional communities. This article summarizes the findings of COGME's Sixth Report. Further rationale and documentation are provided in the full report, in its citations, and
Optimising the Lymphocyte Transformation Test in Drug Allergy Diagnosis
Authors: E.M.M. Tomaz, M.R. Viseu, A.F. Ferrão, S.H. Correia, M.J. Peres, R.P. Reis, L.A. Patricio, F.C. Inacio
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
TCTAP A-020 Effect of High Loading Dose of Atorvastatin in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Microvascular Perfusion Measured by Index of Microvascular Resistance
Authors: Suci Indriani, Doni Firman, Anwar Santoso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Teaching syphilology to physicians. An essential to successful eradication of the disease
Authors: J. W. Lentz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

1957 MARKED the beginning of the alarming and widely publicized increase in number of reported cases of infectious syphilis in Philadelphia, similarly noted in other urban areas across the nation.<sup>1,2</sup>The Philadelphia Department of Public Health responded with increased venereal disease control activity, and now conducts a broad program consonant with the US Public Health Service's<i>Task Force Report to the Surgeon General</i><sup>3</sup>of recommendations for the eventual eradication of syphilis. In Philadelphia, particular progress has been made in the field of professional venereal disease education, point four of the<i>Task Force Report</i>. This article will show that syphilis eradication depends upon community physicians who are competent in syphilology and sympathetic to health department efforts. It will also discuss successful project activities in the field. In the past, the bulk of the infectious syphilis cases in Philadelphia were treated in public venereal-disease clinics. The Table, however, shows that
STUDIES ON ENTRY AND EGRESS OF POLIOMYELITIC INFECTION
Authors: Harold K. Faber, Rosalie J. Silverberg, Luther Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Within 48 hours after simple oropharyngeal exposures of cynomolgus monkeys to poliomyelitis virus, histological signs of infection were found in ganglia supplying the exposed mucous membranes. At 3 days, virus was found in the Gasserian, petrosal-nodose, and superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. Lesions were most extensive and severe in the Gasserian. Virus continued to be detected daily from the 3rd to the 8th day, inclusive, in the Gasserian but not on the 9th; from the 3rd to the 6th day, inclusive, in the petrosal-nodose but not on the 7th, 8th, or 9th; on the 3rd and 6th days only, in the superior cervical sympathetic; and on the 5th day only, in the celiac. In all the ganglia examined, the histological signs of infection increased to a maximum on the 5th day, and thereafter declined. In the sympathetic ganglia, a secondary late increase was observed on the 7th day. During the first 7 days, no signs of infection were found in the CNS in 84 per cent of the animals examined, and in the remainder such lesions as were found were probably not significant. In control animals permitted to survive, the median period before the onset of symptoms of poliomyelitis, when these occurred, was 9 days (range 7 to 16 days), and in the animals with symptoms typical extensive lesions were found in the CNS. In two control animals failing to show symptoms and sacrificed at 26 and 30 days respectively, histological signs of infection were present in the Gasserian and other ganglia but none in the CNS.
Silencing of <i>Peroxiredoxin 2</i> and Aberrant Methylation of 33 CpG Islands in Putative Promoter Regions in Human Malignant Melanomas
Authors: Junichi Furuta, Yoshimasa Nobeyama, Yoshihiro Umebayashi, Fujio Otsuka, Kanako Kikuchi, Toshikazu Ushijima
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands (CGI) is involved in silencing of tumor suppressor genes and is also a potential cancer biomarker. Here, to identify CGIs aberrantly methylated in human melanomas, we did a genome-wide search using methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis. CGIs in putative promoter regions of 34 genes (ABHD9, BARHL1, CLIC5, CNNM1, COL2A1, CPT1C, DDIT4L, DERL3, DHRS3, DPYS, EFEMP2, FAM62C, FAM78A, FLJ33790, GBX2, GPR10, GPRASP1, HOXA9, HOXD11, HOXD12, HOXD13, p14ARF, PAX6, PRDX2, PTPRG, RASD1, RAX, REC8L1, SLC27A3, TGFB2, TLX2, TMEM22, TMEM30B, and UNC5C) were found to be methylated in at least 1 of 13 melanoma cell lines but not in two cultured normal melanocytes. Among these genes, Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) was expressed in normal melanocytes, and its expression was lost in melanomas with methylation. The loss of expression was restored by treatment of melanomas with a demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. In surgical melanoma specimens, methylation of PRDX2 was detected in 3 of 36 (8%). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of PRDX2 showed that disappearance of immunoreactivity tends to associate with its methylation. PRDX2 was recently reported to be a negative regulator of platelet-derived growth factor signaling, and its silencing was suggested to be involved in melanomas. On the other hand, 12 CGIs were methylated in ≥9 of the 13 melanoma cell lines and are considered as candidate melanoma biomarkers. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6080-6)