tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of paclitaxel in patients with recurrent malignant glioma: a North American Brain Tumor Consortium report.
Authors: S M Chang, J G Kuhn, J Rizzo, H I Robins, S C Schold, A M Spence, M S Berger, M P Mehta, M E Bozik, I Pollack, M Gilbert, D Fulton, C Rankin, M Malec, M D Prados
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

To determine the response rate, time to treatment failure, and toxicity of phenylacetate in patients with recurrent malignant glioma and to identify plasma concentrations achieved during repeated continuous infusion of this agent.Adult patients with recurrent malignant glioma were treated with phenylacetate. The schedule consisted of a 2-week continuous, intravenous infusion followed by a 2-week rest period (14 days on, 14 days off). A starting dose of 400 mg/kg total body weight per day of phenylacetate was initially used and subsequently changed to 400 mg/kg/d based on ideal body weight. Intrapatient dose escalations were allowed to a maximum of 450 mg/kg ideal body weight/d. Tumor response was assessed every 8 weeks. The National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria were used to assess toxicity. Plasma concentrations achieved during the patients' first two 14-day infusions were assessed.Forty-three patients were enrolled between December 1994 and December 1996. Of these, 40 patients were assessable for toxicity and response to therapy. Reversible symptoms of fatigue and somnolence were the primary toxicities, with only mild hematologic toxicity. Thirty (75%) of the 40 patients failed treatment within 2 months, seven (17.5%) had stable disease, and three (7.5%) had a response defined as more than 50% reduction in the tumor. Median time to treatment failure was 2 months. Thirty-five patients have died, with a median survival of 8 months. Pharmacokinetic data for this dose schedule showed no difference in the mean plasma concentrations of phenylacetate between weeks 1 and 2 or between weeks 5 and 6.Phenylacetate has little activity at this dose schedule in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Further studies with this drug would necessitate an evaluation of a different dose schedule.
Indian hospitals must explain why they refused to treat patients on government scheme
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has asked 24 private hospitals from across the country to explain why they denied health services to people on a government scheme that entitles them to medical care on a cashless or credit basis.

The hospitals—which include leading corporate hospitals in India—were enrolled under the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) to provide comprehensive medical services to government employees, retired MPs, their dependants, and others …
Coronary Hemodynamic Effects of Increasing Ventricular Rate in the Unanesthetized Dog
Authors: BERTRAM PITT, DONALD E. GREGG
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

In five unanesthetized dogs with surgical heart block, increasing ventricular rate from 50--75 to 250--300 beats/min demonstrated an optimum ventricular rate of 130 to 185, above which aortic pressure and cardiac output fell. In contrast, coronary blood flow continued to rise to a ventricular rate of 250 to 300 beats/min. Stroke systolic coronary flow was well maintained over the entire range of ventricular rates studied, while stroke diastolic coronary flow fell with an increase of ventricular rate. A reactive hyperemic response following release of a 1- to 10-second coronary artery occlusion at a ventricular rate of 250 to 300 suggests that the fall in aortic pressure and cardiac output which occurred at these rates may not be due to an insufficiency of total coronary blood flow. Beta-receptor activity did not appear to play a significant role in the hemodynamic adjustment to increases in ventricular rate within the optimum range for cardiac output and aortic pressure from 52--77 to 115--156 beats/min.
Physicians Assistants in VA Medical Centers—Reply
Authors: Faisal G. Bakaeen, Alvin Blaustein, Melina R. Kibbe
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Qualitative Fecal Immunochemical Test Varies With Location of Neoplasia But Not Number of Specimens
Authors: Martin C.S. Wong, Jessica Y.L. Ching, Victor C.W. Chan, Thomas Y.T. Lam, Jeffrey P. Shum, Arthur K.C. Luk, Sunny S.H. Wong, Siew C. Ng, Simon S.M. Ng, Justin C.Y. Wu, Francis K.L. Chan, Joseph J.Y. Sung
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Permanent Right-to-Left Shunt Is the Key Factor in Managing Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Gianluca Rigatelli, Fabio Dell'Avvocata, Paolo Cardaioli, Massimo Giordan, Gabriele Braggion, Silvio Aggio, Mauro Chinaglia, Sangeeta Mandapaka, John Kuruvilla, Jack P. Chen, Aravinda Nanjundappa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Prognosis after acute myocardial infarction: a multivariate analysis of mortality and survival.
Authors: H Henning, E A Gilpin, J W Covell, E A Swan, R A O'Rourke, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We examined early mortality (within 30 days) and survival (beyond 30 days) after acute myo- cardial infarction in 221 patients by screening 158 variables measured soon after the patient's admission to the hospital.Nineteen of these measurements had predictive value, but each variable alone was relatively insensi- tive.Therefore, we subjected groups of variables to stepwise discriminant function analysis and classification rates were estimated by calculating 95% confidence intervals using a jackknife procedure.When factors from the history, physical examination, and noninvasive assessment were combined, we identified 70% of deaths (confidence interval 48-80%) and 94% (90-98%) of survivors; when 11 selected variables including hemodynamic data were combined, we identified 86% (66-98%) of deaths and 96% (92-100%) of survivors (93% overall accuracy).We further tested the validity of this method in a subsequent series of 150 patients.Using the original discriminant functions, classification rates based on noninvasive and hemodynamic data fell within predicted limits, although the number of patients studied hemodynamically was unrepresentative and too small to allow overall predictive accuracy.Therefore, we randomly divided the entire population (371 pa- tients) into a base sample from which we constructed new discriminant functions, with which we classified the remaining patients.The classification rates for the validation sample fell within the predicted confidence inter- vals.Thus, our method provides a reliable approach for predicting the risk of early death or the likelihood of survival in patients soon after acute myocardial infarction.
979-36 Role of Endogenous Adenosine in Coronary Pressure-Flow Relationship In Dogs
Authors: Toshikazu Morioka, Masafumi Kitakaze, Tetsuo Minamino, Koichi Node, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Mitsuaki Chujo, Hidezo Mori, Jun Tanouchi, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
EFFECTS OF CELLULAR CONSTITUENTS OF MYCOBACTERIA ON THE RESISTANCE OF MICE TO HETEROLOGOUS INFECTIONS
Authors: Russell W. Schaedler, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Injection of certain cellular constituents of mycobacteria into mice simultaneously with, or shortly after, infection with Staph. aureus or with Myco. fortuitum, markedly shortened the life of the infected animals. This infection-enhancing effect could be achieved by injecting the cellular constituents by either the intravenous, the intraperitoneal, or the subcutaneous route. Suspensions of killed mycobacteria were injected into mice which had been infected several months before with small doses of various bacterial pathogens and which still harbored small numbers of living organisms in their organs. Under these conditions, a marked increase in the numbers of living bacteria in the organs of the treated mice could be detected within a very few days after treatment with the mycobacterial products, and a certain percentage of the animals died rapidly. One of the first and most constant manifestations of the change in the infectious process from the chronic to the acute state was the appearance of a large microbial population in the liver. This happened even though Staph. aureus and Myco. fortuitum are rapidly cleared from the liver of normal mice. In addition to killed cells of BCG and of Myco. fortuitum, pertussis vaccine and the purified lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacilli also proved capable of converting chronic bacterial infections into acute infectious processes.
Progress in Vasodilator Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: Jay N. Cohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The excitement of clinical investigation, much like that of symphonic music, lies in following the development of a theme from its initial strains to its full orchestral splendor. Such an exposition is now taking place in the use of vasodilators to treat heart failure.The physiologic principles on which vasodilator therapy for heart failure is based are rooted in numerous early experiments demonstrating the importance of ventricular outflow resistance (or aortic impedance) on the performance of the left ventricle. Reports that intravenous infusion of phentolamine or sodium nitroprusside and oral administration of nitrates or hydralazine could markedly augment cardiac output, . . .
THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRYPAN-RED TO THE TISSUES AND VESSELS OF THE EYE AS INFLUENCED BY CONGESTION AND EARLY INFLAMMATION
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

In as far as the observations reported have a bearing on the movements of fluid within the eye, they are, for the most part, in accord with views at present generally accepted. On the other hand, we know of no other way in which it may be so readily demonstrated that simple and even temporary local circulatory changes may profoundly alter the distribution of substances from the circulating blood to the extravascular fluids and tissues. In the light of these observations, it would seem that such changes might easily account for marked idiosyncrasies in the action of poisonous drugs, and as well probably for other factors in drug action.
Hazard of Rabies From Bites of Wild Animals
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The report of A Human Case of Skunk  ( 194 :333, 1965) once again highlights the hazard of rabies contracted from wild-animal bites. Since most of the very few rabies deaths in the United States in recent years have been the result of bites of rabid wild animals, it is worthwhile once again to reemphasize the generally recommended handling of such bites. The fourth report of the Expert Committee on Rabies of the World Health Organization (1960) emphasizes the importance of administering antirabies serum immediately in the event of any wild-animal bite, whether mild or severe. It also stresses the use of serum in the case of any severe bites by a domestic or wild animal, even if the administration of vaccine is postponed in a situation in which the animal can be kept under observation. The report also calls attention to the fact that bites on
Reversal of Atrial Electrical Remodeling After Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Humans
Authors: W. Julian C. Hobbs, Simon Fynn, Derick M. Todd, Peter Wolfson, Mike Galloway, Clifford J. Garratt
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Although atrial electrical remodeling has been studied extensively in animal models, the reversibility of this phenomenon after termination of clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been demonstrated. We aimed to examine this important question of reversibility by using AF cycle length (AFCL) and coupling intervals of atrial premature beats after cardioversion as measures of atrial refractoriness. Methods and Results —We measured AFCL at the right atrial appendage and distal coronary sinus before attempting internal cardioversion in 39 patients with persistent AF. Patients were monitored by daily transtelephonic recordings after discharge and admitted rapidly for repeat internal cardioversion if there was spontaneous AF recurrence. Measurements of AFCL were repeated immediately before repeat cardioversions in the 17 patients who had recurrence of AF. There was an increase in AFCL from the initial cardioversion to that measured at the time of first AF recurrence at both the right atrial appendage (161±22 vs 167±26 ms, P =0.05) and distal coronary sinus (162±20 vs 168±22 ms, P =0.01) sites. The magnitude of increase in AFCL was positively correlated with duration of sinus rhythm before AF recurrence ( r= 0.524, P =0.001). Other measures of refractoriness (shortest coupling interval of atrial premature beats and directly measured refractory periods after cardioversion) also increased from initial to subsequent cardioversions. Conclusions —These findings demonstrate that changes in atrial electrophysiology associated with chronic AF in humans are reversible after cardioversion and that the extent of this reversal is dependent on the duration of sinus rhythm after cardioversion.
Bad medicine: epilepsy
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Money is the great motivator. The anticonvulsant drug phenytoin was recently replaced by a generic, in exploitation of a loophole in UK policy and increasing the cost to the NHS by £40m (€46.8m; $60.3m).1 Epilepsy is profitable, with lifelong multiple medication, so a huge range of putatively new drugs have been developed to seek a slice of the profits. These are all pitched at the same price, in the drug industry’s traditionally sham competition. Anticonvulsants have an additional big business bonus, as well. The industry has been fined billions for promoting anticonvulsants off …
Epigenetic Modulation of Tumor Suppressor CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α Activity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Yasuhiro Tada, Romulo Martin Brena, Björn Hackanson, Carl Morrison, Gregory A. Otterson, Christoph Plass
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Loss of tumor suppressor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) expression is seen in several human malignancies, including acute myelogenous leukemia and lung cancer. We hypothesized that DNA methylation and histone acetylation of the C/EBPα promoter may modulate C/EBPα expression in lung cancer. Methods: We analyzed C/EBPα expression in 15 human lung cancer cell lines and in 122 human lung primary tumors by northern blotting, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. C/EBPα promoter methylation was assessed using bisulfite sequencing, combined bisulfite restriction analysis, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and Southern blotting. We examined the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4 at the C/EBPα promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Binding of methyl-CpG–binding proteins MeCP2 and MBD2 and upstream stimulatory factor (USF) to the C/EBPα promoter was assayed in cell lines that were untreated or treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) by chromatin immunoprecipitation and by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results: DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the upstream region (−1422 to −896) of the C/EBPα promoter were associated with low or absent C/EBPα expression in 12 of 15 lung cancer cell lines and in 81 of 120 primary lung tumors. MeCP2 and MBD binding to the upstream C/EBPα promoter was detected in C/EBPα-nonexpressing cell lines; USF binding was detected in C/EBPα-expressing cell lines; however, in C/EBPα-nonexpressing cell lines USF binding was detected only after trichostatin A and 5-aza-dC treatment. Conclusions: DNA hypermethylation of the upstream C/EBPα promoter region, not the core promoter region as previously reported, is critical in the regulation of C/EBPα expression in human lung cancer.
Biopterin synthesis defect. Treatment with L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan compared with therapy with a tetrahydropterin.
Authors: R R McInnes, S Kaufman, J J Warsh, G R Van Loon, S Milstien, G Kapatos, S Soldin, P Walsh, D MacGregor, W B Hanley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We have identified a generalized deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters in a patient with a defect in biopterin synthesis. Neurotransmitter precursors (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [L-dopa]; 5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HTP] and a tetrahydropterin [6-methyltetrahydropterin (6MPH4)] were investigated for their ability to normalize monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism. Before treatment, the concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, epinephrine, and six monoamine metabolites were very low or undetectable in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. L-Dopa and 5-HTP replacement was begun at age 7 mo. This therapy generally corrected the deficiency of monoamines and their metabolites, and improved neurological development until the age of 25 mo. Despite these benefits, the intermittent administration of L-dopa could not produce a stable improvement of acute neurological function or DA metabolism. In the 3 h after L-dopa administration, plasma DA and the motor activity and alertness of the patient rose and fell in parallel. Doses of L-dopa that were clinically optimal produced normal plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine, but excessive concentrations of DA and its metabolites. Furthermore, the clinical and biochemical effects of L-dopa were inhibited by phenylalanine and 5-HTP, respectively, demonstrating that these amino acids have antagonistic pharmacological effects. Physiological correction of the monoamine deficit and the hyperphenylalaninemia of this disorder was attempted at age 35 mo using high doses (8-38 mg/kg per d) of 6MPH4. 6MPH4, a synthetic analogue of tetrahydrobiopterin, controlled the hyperphenylalaninemia. Significant concentrations of 6MPH4 were obtained in the cerebrospinal fluid; no neurological improvement or stimulation of monoamine synthesis in the central nervous system was detected. These findings indicate the complexity in replacement therapy with L-dopa and 5-HTP, but suggest that this treatment may be partially effective in biopterin-deficient patients who are unresponsive to high doses of tetrahydropterins.
Respiratory Alterations in the Intensity of the Continuous Murmur of Splenic Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: ALBERT L. HYMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The thoracic murmur of splenic arteriovenous fistula in an elderly lady is described. The murmur was continuous, but variations in the ausculatory site and respiratory movements of the spleen caused alterations in intensity of the murmur. At a point slightly cephalad to the maximal bruit, deep inspiration caused the murmur to disappear. At a point caudad to the maximal bruit, deep inspiration caused the murmur to appear.
Abstract 2880: A prospective study of 51 serum immune markers and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Authors: Mark P. Purdue, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Troy J. Kemp, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Qing Lan, Ju-Hyun Park, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Allan Hildesheim, Ligia A. Pinto, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Although severe immune dysregulation is an established risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the etiologic relevance of subclinical immunologic effects is unclear. Few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between circulating immune markers and NHL, and those conducted to date have been limited in sample size, the number of evaluated analytes, or in their ability to examine markers of risk many years preceding disease diagnosis. To better understand this question, we conducted a nested case-control study investigating pre-diagnostic serum levels of 51 immune markers within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: Fifty-one immune markers (including cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and soluble products of immune activation) were measured in baseline serum from 301 NHL cases diagnosed 5+ years after blood collection (median 8.0 years, range 5.0-13.9) and 301 individually matched controls using Luminex bead-based assay panels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating marker levels with NHL risk were computed using conditional logistic regression modeling. Results: We observed strong associations with NHL for elevated levels of several analytes: a pro-inflammatory marker, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFRII; fourth quartile vs. first: OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.8; Ptrend = 5.9 x 10−6); a regulator of B-cell traffic, B-cell attracting chemokine 1 (BCA-1; 2.7, 1.7-4.2; Ptrend = 1.1 x 10−5); a regulator of angiogenesis, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sVEGFR2; 2.3, CI 1.4-3.9; Ptrend = 0.0005); and the pro-inflammation and apoptotic cytokine TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL; 1.6, 1.0-2.5; Ptrend = 0.02). These associations remained significant in analyses of cases diagnosed 8-13 years after blood collection and, with the exception of TRAIL, following Bonferroni correction and simultaneous model adjustment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elevated levels of sTNFRII, BCA-1, sVEGFR2, and, possibly, TRAIL may reflect biologic processes contributing to lymphomagenesis. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings, identify cell sources of these markers, and elucidate the underlying biologic mechanisms. Citation Format: Mark P. Purdue, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Troy J. Kemp, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Qing Lan, Ju-Hyun Park, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Allan Hildesheim, Ligia A. Pinto, Nathaniel Rothman. A prospective study of 51 serum immune markers and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2880. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2880
Clinical Psychiatry: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Frida G. Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the preface the author states that the book is based on lectures he gave to medical students and residents in psychiatry. This book, therefore, as suggested by the title, is not a comprehensive textbook as such. Nineteen chapters cover a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The first ten chapters are devoted to organic brain disease and correlate brain physiology with the psychopathology of such conditions as delirium, organic dementia, and the epilepsies. In his elegant discussions of these conditions the author frequently applies Hughlings Jackson's theory, that in any disease of the nervous system the highest, evolutionary younger and therefore more vulnerable, levels of functioning will be affected first, thereby leading to a restitution at the next lower and evolutionary older level. The last chapters discuss different aspects of neurosis, schizophrenia, and depression. Here the author includes the thoughtful and erudite views of Kraepelin, Freud, Bleuler, and others but