tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Women Too Often on the Fringes
Authors: NINA B. WOODSIDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorials1 March 1975Women Too Often on the FringesNINA B. WOODSIDE, M.D., M.P.H.NINA B. WOODSIDE, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-418 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA recent paper from Australia, "Outstanding Medical Graduates in 1972" by Ione Fett (1), brings a refreshing change with its comparisons made by sex and by personal and social responsibilities outside of practice (for example, marriage and parenthood) rather than the usual medicalmanpower analyses. The researcher, an anthropologist, reports on a survey of the work patterns in 1972 of Australian physicians, in cohorts of five-year intervals since graduation, spanning 50 years. The research is significant in that there was a response rate of 81% from a study population of 3760, an achievement virtually impossible in surveys of physicians in...References1. FETT I: Outstanding medical graduates in 1972. Med J Aust 1:689-698, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. : Higher Education and the Nation's Health: Policies for Medical and Dental Education. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970, p. 26 Google Scholar3. POWERSPARMELLEWIESENFELDER LRH: Practice patterns of women and men physicians. J Med Educ 44:483-491, 1969 Google Scholar4. NADELSONNOTMAN CM: The woman physician. J Med Educ 47:182-183, 1972 Google Scholar5. : Medical education in the United States. JAMA 226:945-948, 1973 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Center for Women in Medicine Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCUMC Women: After the M.D., What? Report of Survey of Female Graduates of 1940–1969Performance of Women Candidates on the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination, 1973-1982JOHN J. NORCINI, Ph.D., SUZANNE W. FLETCHER, M.D., BARBARA B. QUIMBY, M.S., JUDY A. SHEA, Ph.D.Obsessive-compulsive behaviour in American medicine 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 418-420KeywordsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 4062: Clusterin downregulation sensitize prostate cancer cells to taxane by modulating mitosis.
Authors: Nader Al Nakouzi, Eliana Beraldi, Stuart Shepherd, Yohann Loriot, Soojin Kim, Lauren Leichmann, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin E Gleave
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Clusterin (CLU) is a stress-activated molecular chaperone closely linked to treatment resistance and cancer progression. CLU is a novel therapeutic anti-cancer target with both preclinical and phase II clinical proof of concept using the antisense OGX-011 inhibitor; phase III clinical trials of combination docetaxel + OGX-011 are underway. Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs like taxane are believed to gain selectivity by targeting cells that are in mitosis. When cultured cancer cells are treated with taxane, only cells that enter mitosis are killed or rendered senescent. Quiescent cells or cycling cells that do not reach mitosis during drug exposure are spared. In this sense, sentisizing cells to taxane can occur through mitosis regulation. In this study, we show that CLU downregulation enhances cytotoxicity of the new generation taxane cabazitaxol. Treatment of PC3 human prostate cancer cells with cabazitaxol induces G2/M arrest followed by mitotic death. Downregulation of CLU accelerated these G2/M associated events and resulted in reduced cabazitaxol EC50 and clonogenic survival upon cabazitaxol treatment. To investigate the mechanisms that allow CLU deficient cells to respond to taxane and examine whether this response is linked to a role of CLU in the control of cell cycle progression, we knocked down CLU expression in PC3 and LNCaP cells and found an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase and a reduction in cell growth. The screening of different cell cycle effectors after CLU downregulation in different cell lines and xenografts shows that CLU specifically regulates Cdc25C, while the two other Cdc25 isoforms, A and B, are not affected. Interestingly Cdc25C is a key regulator of mitosis initiation and exit. Importantly, we show that Cdc25C and CLU expression negatively correlate in prostate cancer cell lines, xenografts and human biopsies. When CLU is down regulated, Cdc25C transcription increased resulting in protein accumulation; as a consequence, cells showed G2/M blockage and slower mitotic progression. Accordingly, we suggest that down regulation of CLU alters sensitivity to taxane by modulating exit from mitosis, which is controlled by Cdc25C. Citation Format: Nader Al Nakouzi, Eliana Beraldi, Stuart Shepherd, Yohann Loriot, Soojin Kim, Lauren Leichmann, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin E Gleave. Clusterin downregulation sensitize prostate cancer cells to taxane by modulating mitosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4062
Cell cycle phase progression analysis identifies unique replication phenotypes of major prognostic and predictive significance in cancer.
Authors: M Loddo, SR Kingsbury, M Rashid, I Proctor, C Holt, J Young, S El Sheikh, M Falzon, KL Eward, T Prevost, R Sainsbury, K Stoeber, GH Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5066 BACKGROUND: The cell cycle machinery acts as an integration point for information transduced through complex and redundant upstream oncogenic signalling pathways. Multiparameter analysis of core regulatory proteins involved in G1-S and G2-M cell cycle phase transitions provides a powerful biomarker readout for assessment of the cell cycle state. We have applied this novel algorithm to breast cancer, investigating its cell cycle kinetics, and determining how this impacts on pathobiology and disease progression in-vivo.&amp;#x2028; METHODS AND FINDINGS: Protein expression profiles of key constituents of the DNA replication licensing pathway (Mcm2, geminin) and mitotic machinery (Plk1, Aurora A, Aurora substrate Histone H3S10ph), mediators of G1-S and G2-M transition respectively, were generated for a cohort of 182 patients. Arrested differentiation and development of genomic instability was associated with increased engagement of cells into the cell division cycle (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Three unique cell cycle phenotypes were identified; (I) well differentiated tumours composed predominantly of Mcm2 negative cells indicative of an out-of-cycle state (18% of cases), (II) high Mcm2 expressing tumours but with low geminin, Aurora A, Plk1 and H3S10ph levels (S-G2-M progression markers) indicative of a G1 delayed/arrested state (24% cases), (III) high expressing Mcm2 tumours, but also expressing high levels of the S-G2-M progression markers, indicative of accelerated cell cycle progression (58% of cases). The accelerated cell cycle phenotype had a significantly higher risk of relapse when compared with out-of-cycle and G1 delayed/arrested tumour phenotypes (HR=3.90 [1.81-8.40], p&amp;lt;0.001). Notably high grade tumours with the G1 delayed/arrested phenotype showed an identical low risk of relapse to well differentiated out-of-cycle tumours (HR=1.00 [0.22-4.46], p=0.99), suggesting that many patients are receiving inappropriate S-G2-M phase directed adjuvant chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; CONCLUSIONS: This biomarker algorithm provides novel insights into the cell cycle state of dynamic tumour cell populations in-vivo, information that impacts on individualised therapeutic decisions. The cell cycle phenotype has a major influence on disease progression, identifying those patients at most risk of relapse. Importantly, it is only patients displaying an accelerated phenotype, tumours that show S-G2-M phase transit, that are likely to derive benefit from S and G2-M phase specific adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents and mechanistic drugs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5066.
Absorption of Intramuscularly Administered Tri-Iodothyronine
Authors: Leslie J. De Groot, Eduardo Pretell, Maria E. Garcia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ADMINISTRATION of replacement thyroid hormone by the oral route is entirely satisfactory for most patients with mild hypothyroidism. The proper form of hormone, size of dose and route of administration are, in contrast, not clearly defined for patients with severe hypothyroidism complicated by other diseases or for those in myxedema coma. In these difficult cases, in which the prognosis is known to be poor, the absorptive capability of the gastrointestinal tract is often in doubt, and parenteral administration of replacement thyroid hormone seems advisable. Intramuscular injection of the hormone may offer the fewest technical complications, but the tendency of thyroid . . .
Observations on connective tissue tensile strength in the chick embryo.
Authors: S D Orloff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Heberden Society 563 large scale; his book details various groups of occupa- tions running into several thousands of people, and his 9 1 mean is, I believe, fair.Of course, there is variation between different occupational groups.The next question is very important: these tests are not as precise as a haemoglobin estimation.If a patient's haemoglobin is 10 g. per cent.you have an accurate estimation, but a score of 12 on the Cornell Index is not in the same category; one should use these tests on groups rather than individuals.The last question
STUDY OF SOME CASES OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA, SEEN IN CONSULTATION
Authors: HIRAM WOODS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

If the better class of general practitioners in Baltimore is typical of their associates in other cities, it is evident that appreciation of early ear troubles is keener than it was a few years ago. Physicians are learning that the welfare of the ear or, possibly, the issue of life and death, depends on the diagnostic acumen of the man who first sees the case. The lesson which specialists have been trying for so long to impress on general practitioners is being taken home at last. During the past few years consultations regarding a possible otitic origin of systemic conditions have greatly increased. These consultations have developed a number of facts which, I have thought, might furnish a basis for profitable discourse: hence the presentation of so trite a subject as acute otitis media. <h3>I. PRIMARY OTITIC INFECTION</h3> The general belief in regard to otitis media, taught in text-books and
The use of nanolipoprotein particles to enhance the immunostimulatory properties of innate immune agonists against lethal influenza challenge
Authors: Dina R. Weilhammer, Craig D. Blanchette, Nicholas O. Fischer, Shabnam Alam, Gabriela G. Loots, Michele Corzett, Cynthia Thomas, Cheri Lychak, Alexis D. Dunkle, Joyce J. Ruitenberg, Smita A. Ghanekar, Andrea J. Sant, Amy Rasley
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Phase II Study of Intravenous Menogaril in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: C. Sessa, S. Gundersen, W. ten Bokkel Huinink, J. Renard, F. Cavalli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Menogaril was administered to 40 patients with advanced breast cancer who had not received anthracy-cline drugs previously. The drug was given iv as a 2-hour infusion, repeated every 4 weeks, at doses of 200 mg/m2 and 160 mg/m2 in good-risk and poor-risk patients. The overall response rate was 22% in patients with no prior chemotherapy and 10% in patients previously exposed to chemotherapy. Leukopenia was generally moderate and predictable. Phlebitis and erythema along the vein injected occurred in 34% and 17% of the cases, respectively. Menogaril is an active drug used in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer who have not had prior systemic therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1066–1069]
Magnifying endoscopy for diagnosing and delineating early gastric cancer
Authors: K. Yao, G. Anagnostopoulos, K. Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We describe the basic principles and clinical usefulness of modern magnifying endoscopy techniques, using white-light imaging or narrow-band imaging, for precise diagnosis of small flat gastric cancers. Regarding technology, first, the resolution provided by the endoscope is important in order to consistently visualize the precise morphology of microvascular architecture, and second, the use of a distal attachment (soft hood or cap) is essential in order to maintain a constant distance between the tip of the scope and the mucosal surface. Regarding methodology, a systematic but simple classification system based on microvascular pattern and microsurface pattern (the "VS classification") is proposed. The technique based on the principles described here can be applied not only in routine endoscopic examination but also in the detailed preoperative assessment of the lateral extent of early gastric cancer, before endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
TCT-260 Coronary Artery Plaque Regression and Change in Plaque Composition Associated with Statin Therapy Extend for a Long-Term -Results from the Extended TRUTH Study–
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nozue, Kazuki Fukui, Kiyoshi Hibi, Tomoyuki Kunishima, Ichiro Michishita, Yuko Onishi, Takashi Sozu, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Shingo Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
France to pilot testing for prostate cancer
Authors: Brad Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

President Jacques Chirac of France announced the second phase of his national plan against cancer, last week, with an emphasis on prevention and early detection. The first phase of the programme was launched in 2003.

A nationwide pilot programme for identifying prostate cancer will start next year. Selected men aged 50 to 74 will have tests every two years for prostate specific antigen.

“The testing must be evaluated with the view to making it generally available. We will thereby have the most complete system of testing available in the world,” said Mr Chirac.

Critics have pointed out that …
No Evidence of Relation Between Maternal Exposure to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Risk of Schizophrenia?
Authors: Alan S. Brown, Catherine A. Schaefer, Charles P. Quesenberry, Ling Shen, Ezra S. Susser
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors examined whether maternal exposure to herpes virus type 2 is associated with risk for adult schizophrenia. Method: The authors studied a large birth cohort, born 1959–1967, with follow-up for schizophrenia from 1981 through 1997. Sixty patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia and other spectrum disorders; 110 comparison subjects had no schizophrenia spectrum or major affective disorders and were matched to patients by date of birth, gender, time in the cohort, and availability of maternal sera. Archived maternal sera of patients and comparison subjects from late pregnancy were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2. Results: The authors found no associations between maternal IgG seropositivity or antibody levels to herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk of schizophrenia. Conclusions: The authors found no support for a relationship between prenatal herpes simplex virus 2 type exposure and risk of schizophrenia.
Xenotransplantation and Xenogeneic Infections
Authors: Louisa E. Chapman, Thomas M. Folks, Daniel R. Salomon, Amy P. Patterson, Thomas E. Eggerman, Philip D. Noguchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The ongoing shortage of human organs and tissues for transplantation, coupled with scientific and biotechnological advances, has catalyzed new attempts to use animal tissues in humans — a field known as xenotransplantation. Pigs and nonhuman primates have been used as sources of organs, with limited success.1,2 Recently, the transplantation of baboon bone marrow to attempt to reconstitute the immune system in patients with AIDS was proposed,3 and fetal-pig mesencephalon cells are being studied for the treatment of patients with refractory parkinsonism.The use of xenogeneic tissues in transplantation has raised concern about potential infection with both recognized zoonotic pathogens . . .
Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
Authors: Anne Fagot-Campagna, Tiffany L. Gary, Stephanie M. Benjamin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

We commend the Veterans Administration for implementing a clinical trial of the impact of glucose control on cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (1). Among people with diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death (2); 27% have CVD, and an additional 71% have CVD risk factors (3). However, the burden of CVD can be substantially reduced by improving metabolic control, including that of glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and coagulation parameters (4). Published data from national surveys enable us to evaluate the current level and control of CVD risk factors among people with diabetes in the U.S.

In regard to glucose control, 37% of people with …
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Zhi You Fang, Johannes B. Prins, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

The presence of a diabetic cardiomyopathy, independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, is still controversial. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the evidence for the existence of this condition, to clarify the possible mechanisms responsible, and to consider possible therapeutic implications. The existence of a diabetic cardiomyopathy is supported by epidemiological findings showing the association of diabetes with heart failure; clinical studies confirming the association of diabetes with left ventricular dysfunction independent of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and other heart disease; and experimental evidence of myocardial structural and functional changes. The most important mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy are metabolic disturbances (depletion of glucose transporter 4, increased free fatty acids, carnitine deficiency, changes in calcium homeostasis), myocardial fibrosis (association with increases in angiotensin II, IGF-I, and inflammatory cytokines), small vessel disease (microangiopathy, impaired coronary flow reserve, and endothelial dysfunction), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (denervation and alterations in myocardial catecholamine levels), and insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity). This review presents evidence that diabetes is associated with a cardiomyopathy, independent of comorbid conditions, and that metabolic disturbances, myocardial fibrosis, small vessel disease, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and insulin resistance may all contribute to the development of diabetic heart disease.
Association Between Neighborhood-Level Deprivation and Disability in a Community Sample of People With Diabetes
Authors: Norbert Schmitz, Danit Nitka, Genevieve Gariepy, Ashok Malla, JianLi Wang, Richard Boyer, Lyne Messier, Irene Strychar, Alain Lesage
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between neighborhood deprivation and self-reported disability in a community sample of people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Random digit dialing was used to select a sample of adults with self-reported diabetes aged 18–80 years in Quebec, Canada. Health status was assessed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II. Material and social deprivation was measured using the Pampalon index, which is based on the Canadian Census. Potential risk factors for disability included sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, social support, lifestyle-related factors (smoking, physical activity, and BMI), health care–related problems, duration of diabetes, insulin use, and diabetes-specific complications. RESULTS There was a strong association between disability and material and social deprivation in our sample (n = 1,439): participants living in advantaged neighborhoods had lower levels of disability than participants living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The means ± SD disability scores for men were 7.8 ± 11.8, 12.0 ± 11.8, and 18.1 ± 19.4 for low, medium, and high deprivation areas, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The disability scores for women were 13.4 ± 12.4, 14.8 ± 15.9, and 18.9 ± 16.2 for low, medium, and high deprivation areas, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Neighborhood deprivation was associated with disability even after controlling for education, household income, sociodemographic characteristics, race, lifestyle-related behaviors, social support, diabetes-related variables, and health care access problems. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of neighborhood characteristics might be an important step in the identification and interpretation of risk factors for disability in diabetes.
GMC clears doctors of failing to protect trainees and patients from sexually inappropriate behaviour
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two senior doctors in charge of postgraduate medical training have been cleared of failing to take adequate measures to protect female trainees and patients from alleged sexually inappropriate behaviour by a consultant psychiatrist.

A General Medical Council fitness to practise panel held that David Sowden and Richard Fox had agreed with each other in 2005 not to instigate a formal investigation into the conduct of the psychiatrist, …