tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Nongenetic Determinants of Regional Fat Distribution
Authors: CLAUDE BOUCHARD, JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS, PASCALE MAURIÈGE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

THE ROLE of inherited and nongenetic factors in individual differences observed in the level of sc fat on the trunk and abdominal areas and in the abdominal visceral deposit is reviewed. First, the metabolic and clinical implications of variation in body fat topography are summarized. Second, the results of genetic epidemiology studies on the heritability and other evidence for a role of the genotype in the amount of truncal-abdominal sc fat and abdominal visceral fat are reviewed. Third, the impact of total body fat, age, and gender on regional fat distribution is highlighted. Fourth, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity is considered as a determinant of fat topography, with a discussion of site and gender differences, the effects of steroid hormones, and evidence from genetic epidemiology. Fifth, the contribution of adipose tissue lipolysis is reviewed with an emphasis on the various regulatory factors of the lipolytic pathways including catecholamines, insulin, adenosine, steroids, and other modulators. The role of lipolytic characteristics on fat topography is further assessed by considering changes with age, differences between men and women, effects of excess body fat, and data from heritability studies. Although the study of regional variation of in vitro adipose tissue metabolism has provided valuable information, a better understanding of variation in fat topography and of the role played by adipose tissue in the regulation of whole body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism will likely require extensive in situ and in vivo investigations. Sixth, as enlargement of a specific fat deposit is associated with increases in fat cell size and number, these topics are considered with an emphasis on the role of adipose cell differentiation. Seventh, the importance of blood levels of sex steroids and glucocorticoids for regional fat distribution is discussed. Then, a unifying hypothesis, defined as the hypothalamic arousal and neuroendocrine dysregulation model, is briefly described. Finally, the issue of whether body fat distribution can be altered by caloric restriction or regular exercise is addressed.
Hazardous effects of effluent from the chrome plating industry: 70 kDa heat shock protein expression as a marker of cellular damage in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ).
Authors: Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Daya Krishna Saxena, Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Hazardous effects of an effluent from the chrome plating industry were examined by exposing transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) to various concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 micro L/mL) of the effluent through diet. The emergence pattern of adult flies was affected, along with impaired reproductive performance at the higher dietary concentrations of the effluent. Interestingly, the effect of the effluent was more pronounced in male than in female flies. The effect of the effluent on development of adult flies was concurrent with the expression pattern of the heat shock protein 70 gene (hsp70), both in larval tissues and in the reproductive organs of adult flies. We observed a dose- and time-dependent expression of hsp70 in third instar larvae exposed for different time intervals. Absence of hsp70 expression in larvae exposed to 0.1 micro L/mL of the effluent indicated that this is the highest nontoxic concentration for Drosophila. The stress gene assay in the reproductive organs of adult flies revealed hsp70 expression in the testis of male flies only. However, trypan blue dye exclusion tests in these tissues indicate tissue damage in the male accessory gland of adult flies, which was further confirmed by ultrastructural observations. In the present study we demonstrate the utility of transgenic Drosophila as an alternative animal model for evaluating hazardous effects of the effluent from the chrome plating industry and further reveal the cytoprotective role of hsp70 and its expression as an early marker in environmental risk assessment.
Forceps for Holding Slides While Preparing Microscopic Specimens.
Authors: L. NAPOLEON BOSTON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The rapid increase in the microscope's application to scientific study has necessitated that every microscopist collect specimens of all the interesting objects with which he may meet in laboratory work. Furthermore, it is far more satisfactory to preserve the original specimens as a referencce than to depend on notes, which, aside from the time employed in writing and reading, are always unsatisfactory. In the teaching of chemistry, botany, histology, pathology, bacteriology, and clinical microscopy it is necessary that the student prepare a specimen from each subject studied, both as a reference specimen and to demonstrate, beyond a doubt, that he has mastered this art. In board of health laboratories it is necessary to preserve specimen slides as an assurance against criticism, and for this reason most of the bacteriological work is now done by fixing and staining the specimen on the slides. The leading objection to the staining of specimens
Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Laurence Klotz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Since 1980, the prognosis of prostate cancer has changed markedly as the United States has moved through 3 eras. The first era reflected the experience of the prior century. Because prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic until it is metastatic and rectal examination has a low sensitivity for early cancer detection, most men had advanced and incurable disease at diagnosis. During the second era in the mid-1980s, with the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, at-risk men underwent prostate biopsy, leading to a doubling of incidence rates and a stage shift, with a substantially higher fraction of men with curable disease at diagnosis.1 This increase in numbers of patients suitable for curative therapy (surgery or radiation) facilitated a reduction in complications and morbidity. The increasing proportion of men achieving long-term cure was gratifying. Even though randomized studies of screening have reached discordant conclusions about how screening affects cure, prostate cancer mortality declined 39% in the United States from 1990 to 2006.2
Photodistributed nifedipine-induced facial telangictasia
Authors: P. COLLINS, J. FERGUSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Five months after starting nifedipine (Adalat®), two patients developed photodistributed facial telangiectasia, which became more noticeable with time. Neither patient complained of photosensitivity or flushing. Both patients reported a significant cosmetic improvement after discontinuing the drug. One commenced the closely related drug amlodipine 3 years later, with recurrence of telangiectasia. The photodistribution of the telangiectasia suggests a significant drug/light interaction.
EVALUATION OF A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY DESIGN OF TRAINING LOAD RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY IN ELITE JUNIOR AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALLERS
Authors: T Lathlean, M Stevenson, P Gastin, C Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Research focused on elite senior Australian Football (AF) competition, during the in-season, has found training load (a measurement of both training intensity and duration) and factors such as cumulative load, monotony and strain to be associated with injury risk. Little is known about whether player training loads in elite junior footballers during a pre-season also predispose players to the risk of injury. Objective To explore pre-season training load risk factors for injury in elite junior Australian football players. Design An Australian Football prospective cohort study is currently underway to assess risk factors for injury over the course of the 2014 elite junior, Victorian state league competition (TAC Cup) season. Training load risk factors of weekly cumulative load, monotony and strain will be assessed over the course of the general and specific conditioning phases of the pre-season period of the 2014 TAC Cup season. Setting Elite junior AF. Participants Players, conditioning and medical staff involved with the Victorian elite junior competition (TAC Cup). Up to 480 participants, across 12 clubs, will be involved in this cohort study. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measurements Number of new injuries across 40 weeks of training and 17 matches (rated as per 1000 training and playing hours), number of training sessions missed per injury and injury site, cause and mechanism. Results Specific training load risk factors (cumulative training load, monotony and strain) will be identified over the course of the TAC Cup season as to their association with the number of new injuries and missed training sessions. Conclusions This study aims to inform the pre-season conditioning of under-18 elite athletes in terms of both player load management and awareness of factors that could optimise player recovery, with the ultimate goal of resulting in fewer new injuries.
Writing a thesis on a word processor
Authors: P. Sandercock
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Further studies to validate the clinical impression of "accelerated reaction to BCG" in active tuberculosis are needed in order to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the "BCG test."The Nabarro weight for height wall chart is a useful addition to appropriate technology and is currently being tested in several countries.However useful, it is unlikely to be available in every village or squatter settlement in the foreseeable future.The arm band is already widely used and proved to be effective.5
Smoking and older age associated with mumps in an outbreak in a group of highly-vaccinated individuals attending a youth club party, the Netherlands, 2012
Authors: G Ladbury, S Ostendorf, T Waegemaekers, R van Binnendijk, H Boot, S Hahné
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
SP0108 Promoting physical activity through mass media: A health communications campaign promoting physical activity among people with arthritis in the united states
Authors: T.J. Brady
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Enticing people with arthritis to increase their physical activity is a priority for both clinicians and public health practitioners. However, our collective efforts have been marginally effective; in the United States, 44% of people with arthritis report no leisure time activity, in comparison to 36% of the population without arthritis. In addition to physical activity counseling available from clinicians, physical activity messages in the general media can motivate people with arthritis to increase their physical activity. Describing the required activity levels in concrete understandable terms, addressing the unique concerns of people with arthritis, and highlighting the most desired potential benefits of physical activity can make mass media messages more motivating, and can potentially increase effectiveness of clinician physical activity counseling. In 2010 the CDC Arthritis Program released a revised version of the health communications campaign <i>Physical Activity. The Arthritis Pain Reliever</i>. The revised campaign was based on 5 rounds of audience research (24 focus groups; 91 individual interviews) on physical activity-related attitudes, perceptions, and preferences among people with arthritis. The campaign was designed to change physical activity-related knowledge, confidence, and behavior among people with arthritis. The revised campaign was pilot-tested in 4 communities and evaluated with a post-test only community-based survey. Results of the pilot-test surveys of people with self-report of doctor-diagnosed arthritis (N=1,214) indicate that the campaign was able to capture audience attention (42% read/heard something about relieving arthritis pain with physical activity in the last month) and increased physical activity or intention to be physically activity (16% increased physical activity in past month in response to something they heard or read, and 41% were somewhat or very likely to increase physical activity in next month). This presentation will describe the revised communications campaign materials and highlight key learnings from the formative research that were used to revise the campaign materials. The physical activity-related challenges, facilitators, and preferred descriptors that emerged from the audience research may also be useful in shaping individual physical activity-related counseling and instructional materials. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Perception and motion; an analysis of space-structured behavior.
Authors: Frederic T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A child hearing his own recorded voice come out of a phonograph is experiencing "displaced and delayed feedback" in the auditory sphere. Modern apparatus makes such experiences possible in the visual sphere also, with results that are sometimes extremely disconcerting, but certainly instructive. The authors, with their collaborators and contributors, have summarized in a clear and readable manner some of the research that has been done with such apparatus. An immediate medical application has been in the detection of feigned deafness, but the possibilities, both practical and theoretical, seem unlimited. One line of work would lead toward the mimicking of cerebral and retinal processes by such apparatus as the perceptron; another would lead toward further development of apparatus for remote control, as in space travel. An interesting generalization is the fact that people tolerate considerable spatial displacement of feedback, but have very little tolerance for temporal displacement. This book is
Hypnosis for cancer care: Over 200 years young
Authors: Guy H. Montgomery, Julie B. Schnur, Kate Kravits
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Hypnosis has been used to provide psychological and physical comfort to individuals diagnosed with cancer for nearly 200 years. The goals of this review are: 1) to describe hypnosis and its components and to dispel misconceptions; 2) to provide an overview of hypnosis as a cancer prevention and control technique (covering its use in weight management, smoking cessation, as an adjunct to diagnostic and treatment procedures, survivorship, and metastatic disease); and 3) to discuss future research directions. Overall, the literature supports the benefits of hypnosis for improving quality of life during the course of cancer and its treatment. However, a great deal more work needs to be done to explore the use of hypnosis in survivorship, to understand the mediators and moderators of hypnosis interventions, and to develop effective dissemination strategies. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Assessment of Early Therapy Response with 18F-FLT PET in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Matthew J. Oborski, Emre Demirci, Charles M. Laymon, Frank S. Lieberman, James M. Mountz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Early therapy response assessment in glioblastoma multiforme remains a challenge. Evaluation by MRI relies on changes in tumor contrast enhancement or size, which are usually not visible at early therapy response assessment times. In addition, MRI may not be reliable for early therapy response assessment if only molecular changes have occurred. PET with F-FLT, a tracer associated with cellular proliferation, has been proposed as a potential method of early therapy response assessment and is an area of active research. We present a case where early response assessment with F-FLT PET was associated with a favorable 1-year follow-up outcome.
Is fatigue of cholestasis mediated by altered central serotoninergic neurotransmission?
Authors: Turgay Celik, Nuray Aslan, Zafer Goren, Hakan Gurdal, Tuncer Degim, Murat Toruner, Kubilay Cinar, Tayfun Uzbay, Hakan Bozkaya, Cihan Yurdaydin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Psychophysiological responses to oesophageal stimulation in functional chest pain: a case control study
Authors: A. D. Farmer, M. Kano, S. Coen, Q. Aziz
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Functional chest pain of presumed oesophageal origin (FCP) is a complex disorder whose pathophysiology is incompletely understood. In a previous study we have demonstrated the existence of two reproducible human pain endophenotypes based on personality, serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR), autonomic (ANS) and cortisol responses to pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical salience of these endophenotypes in patients with FCP. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 patients with FCP (9 male, mean age 38.7 years, range 21–59 years) and 20 healthy age, sex, ethnicity matched volunteers (9 male, mean 38.2 years, range 22–49) had personality traits assessed using validated questionnaires. Subjects had validated ANS parameters measured at baseline and continuously thereafter. Following baseline recordings, venous blood was taken for cortisol and 5-HTTLPR genotyping. Subjects received 7 somatic stimuli (nail bed pressure) followed by 7 visceral stimuli (oesophageal balloon distension) to pain tolerance. Blood was further sampled for serum cortisol after somatic and visceral pain. <h3>Results</h3> Patients had higher neuroticism, state and trait anxiety and depression scores but lower extroversion scores versus controls (all p&lt;0.005). Patients tolerated less quantity of somatic and visceral stimulus versus controls (48.4 N vs 70.6 N, p&lt;0.0001 and 30 ml vs 50.9 ml, p=0.009 respectively). Cluster analysis, demonstrated the presence of 2 clusters or endophenotypes. One endophenotype had higher neuroticism scores (p&lt;0.0001), had the short (<i>s</i>) allele of the 5-HTTLPR (p&lt;0.001), had higher baseline cortisol (p=0.001), had higher anxiety (p=0.002), higher sympathetic tone at rest (p=0.001) and increased their parasympathetic tone to pain (p=0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). The second endophenotype had higher extroversion scores with the converse psychophysiological profile in the absence of the <i>s</i> allele. Patients with FCP were over-represented in endophenotype 1, (p=0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results provide further evidence for the existence of 2 human pain endophenotypes and that patients with FCP may have a distinct phenotype contributing to its pathophysiology. These findings warrant further investigation to determine if the endophenotype identified in our study is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain such as that observed in other functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Abstract 2278: Tumor microenvironment might be more important than pro-angiogenic chemotactic factors for tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Myungjin Lee, Hyo Won Chang, Hae Yun Nam, Hyangju Lee, Myung Woul Han, Seong Who Kim, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract During angiogenesis, many different tumor cytokines have been known to be involved in the regulation of chemotactic endothelial cell migration. Among those, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most essential pro-angiogenic factors and the blockage of VEGF action through competitive inhibition on its receptor or by using of neutralizing antibody such as avastin has been considered as a promising anti-cancer approach to treat several solid tumors. However, despite their ability of releasing VEGF, some cancers show scarce angiogenesis and resistance to avastin treatment. To explore key factors deciding tumor angiogenesis apart from well-known pro-angiogenic cytokines, we compared the pro-angiogenic capability of the AMC-HN9 head and neck cancer cell line (HN9) which has a low degree of angiogenesis in vivo and are reluctant to avastin treatment with that of the highly angiogenic AMC-HN3 cancer cell line (HN3). Of interest, in vitro cytokine assay of HN9 culture media revealed no difference in the secretion profile of pro-angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF, PlGF, FGF2 and PDGF compared with those of HN3. In addition, HN9 media could strongly promoted tubular formation of HUVECs and migration of fibroblasts in vitro as much as HN3 could. Next, we proceeded to HN9 xenograft co-injected with ECM molecules including fibronectin, collagen III or matrigel. In the co-injected xenografts, density of CD34 positivity significantly increased and the tumor growth exceeded that of HN9 alone-injected ones. Moreover, prominent fibroblast infiltration adjacent to tumor vessels was detected in the co-injected xenografts. Taken together, these results imply that the formation of extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells and the presence of activated fibroblasts are pre-requisites and more decisive in angiogenesis than tumor secreted pro-angiogenic cytokine per se. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2278.
Hyperbaric oxygen: Author's reply
Authors: W. A Zamboni, E. P Kindwall
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Heart Association issued a press release last year about a controlled study showing the benefit of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen after coronary thrombolysis.Similar studies are urgently needed in stroke.Facilities in Britain are grossly inadequate, even for the acute indications for hyperbaric oxygen.Treatment of problem wounds requires a simple chamber in every hospital.This would save the NHS millions ofpounds a year.
Possible Anaphylactic Reaction to Cyclophosphamide
Authors: James D. Lakin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the report of Drs Karchmer and Hansen on the possible anaphylactic reaction to intravenous cyclophosphamide (237:475, 1977). I call attention to our recent report<sup>1</sup>of generalized urticaria to cyclophosphamide occurring in a 6-year-old boy being treated with this chemotherapeutic agent for a small cell sarcoma of the chest wall. Serum samples obtained two and five weeks after the patient's last bout of generalized urticaria were found to contain homocytotropic antibody activity as demonstrated by Prausnitz-Küstner-type passive transfer skin testing to chimpanzees. This homocytotropic antibody was found to be of the IgE type by means of an in vitro double antibody co-precipitation assay. The mechanism of the adverse reaction described by Karchmer and Hansen is not known. As they point out in their article, however, it certainly is consistent with an IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction. Reviewing both our study and their case report, I think
Water Intoxication Due to Oxytocin
Authors: Joseph G. Pittman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SINCE its introduction into clinical medicine over fifteen years ago the purified posterior pituitary extract known as oxytocin has found wide application in obstetric patients because of its stimulating action on the smooth muscle of the gravid uterus. The dangers that have been emphasized in the indiscriminate use of the hormone are for the most part related to this primary action on the myometrium.1 , 2 However, because of the close similarity in chemical structure between oxytocin and the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin, problems arising from abnormal fluid retention might be anticipated. Indeed, it is surprising that water intoxication does not appear to . . .