tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival and nutritional data in patients with cystic fibrosis treated in a Danish centre.
Authors: M. Nir, S. Lanng, H. K. Johansen, C. Koch
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Adequate nutrition and optimal treatment of bronchopulmonary infections are both of critical importance in maintaining the health of patients with cystic fibrosis. The cystic fibrosis centre in Copenhagen has followed a regimen of very early and aggressive antimicrobial treatment, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. An unrestricted diet of low fat and high protein without hyperalimentation was recommended before 1985 which was then changed to a high fat, high calorie intake.The overall impact of the treatment regimen was evaluated by a cross sectional analysis of all 223 patients who attended the centre in 1989. Growth and nutritional parameters were combined with lung function parameters and with a retrospective analysis of chronic P aeruginosa infection and its duration. Survival curves for all 313 patients treated at the centre since 1949 were calculated.All the patients with cystic fibrosis had normal height, although the final height was achieved a little later than in healthy controls. Body weight was lower than normal in males above 15 and in females above 10 years of age. The body mass index (BMI), which was approximately 98% of normal in the younger patients, declined to 90% in adult men and to 83% in adult women with cystic fibrosis, and was strongly correlated with lung function parameters. In 1989 the median age of survival of all patients treated in the centre since 1949 was 30 years (32 years in males and 29 years in females).The overall treatment regimen in the cystic fibrosis centre in Copenhagen is associated with growth and survival rates that are at least equal to those in other cystic fibrosis centres in other countries.
Clinical Engineering and Safe, Effective Medical Devices
Authors: RICHARD J. JOHNS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Editorial Notes1 February 1977Clinical Engineering and Safe, Effective Medical DevicesRICHARD J. JOHNS, M.D., F.A.C.P.RICHARD J. JOHNS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-2-238 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVarious forces within medicine and from outside medicine act to insure the safety and efficacy of devices used directly in patient care. The most potent of these forces is also the least publicized—the motivation of hospital physicians. Physicians, and their hospitals, want to be sure that the medical systems and devices used on their patients are both safe and effective. This concern is no less than that for the safety and efficacy of diagnostic procedures and of drugs. Yet this "carrot" gets far less attention in professional and lay publications than the "sticks"—recently enacted medical-device legislation, institutional and professional liability...References1. OAKESJOHNS JR: The role of clinical engineering in health-care delivery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 20:225-227, 1973 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. OAKES J: Clinical engineering—the problems and the promise. Science 190:239-242, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. DODSONLATIMER BB: Strategies for Clinical Engineering Through Shared Services. Battle Creek, Michigan, The W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1976 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Biomedical Engineering The Johns Hopkins Medical School and Hospital Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1977Volume 86, Issue 2Page: 238-238KeywordsDrug safetyDrugsLegislationMotivationPatientsSafety Issue Published: 1 February 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biosynthesis of von Willebrand protein by human megakaryocytes.
Authors: L A Sporn, S I Chavin, V J Marder, D D Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Immunofluorescence staining of buffy coat smears from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in accelerated phase showed that approximately 13% of all nucleated cells contained von Willebrand protein and, therefore, appeared to be of megakaryocytic origin. This was confirmed by positive staining with antisera against platelet factor 4 and platelet glycoproteins. Short-term cultures of the buffy coat, which lacked endothelial cells, were metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine, and von Willebrand protein was immunopurified from cell lysates and culture medium. Cultures from this patient synthesized and secreted von Willebrand protein, in contrast with cultures from other patients with leukemia, who lacked circulating megakaryocytes, and from normal volunteers. The subunit composition of the megakaryocytic von Willebrand protein was very similar to that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The size of the processed subunit (220 kD) and of the cellular (260 kD) and secreted (275 kD) precursors from the two cell types were indistinguishable by gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the ratio of precursor to processed subunit and the pattern of cellular and secreted nonreduced multimers were very similar. It appears, therefore, that the processing steps in biosynthesis of von Willebrand protein used by the megakaryocytes are very similar to those of umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Absorption of Tc-99m Pertechnetate from the Augmented Bladder During Direct Nuclear Cystography
Authors: BUNNY LOWE, WILLIAM F. BARNES, JOE C. LEONARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A retrospective review comparing bladder absorption of pertechnetate and Tc-99m sulfur colloid from the augmented bladder was performed. Based upon the author's findings, the routine use of Tc-99m sulfur colloid in this patient population is recommended to prevent the erroneous diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux and miscalculation of GFR due to the presence of background soft-tissue and blood activity.
Variations in GP night visiting rates: medical organisation and consumer demand.
Authors: M J Buxton, R E Klein, J Sayers
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Specially obtained data for night visiting fees show a considerable increase in the number of claims made per general practitioner and per 1000 patients. There were also considerable variations between the 116 executive councils: in 1973-4 the range was from 3-8 to 17-0 per 1000 patients. To explain these variations, their relations with the local characteristics of family practice and of the population was explored using regression analysis. The factors most strongly associated with variations in implied visiting rates were found to be deputising services and the proportion of social class V in the population.
Tobacco Control in the United States--Recent Progress And Opportunities
Authors: V. Cokkinides, P. Bandi, C. McMahon, A. Jemal, T. Glynn, E. Ward
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Effective tobacco control efforts have resulted in substantial declines in tobacco use and tobacco-related cancer deaths in the United States. Nearly 40% of reductions in male lung cancer deaths between 1991 and 2003 can be attributed to smoking declines in the last half century. Nevertheless, tobacco use still remains the single, largest preventable cause of disease and premature death in the United States. Each year, smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke result in nearly half a million premature deaths of which nearly one-third are due to cancer. In a previous report, we described youth and adult smoking prevalence and patterns and discussed policy measures that had proven effective in comprehensive tobacco control. In this report, we update trends in youth and adult smoking prevalence. We find that while adult smoking prevalence has declined overall, socioeconomic gradients in smoking still persist within race and ethnic subgroups. In addition, we describe the diffusion of tobacco-control strategies at the national, state, and community level. Although recent developments, such as the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of tobacco products, hold promise for tobacco control, there continues to be a need for broader dissemination of sustainably funded comprehensive national and state tobacco-control programs.
Cyclical etidronate increases bone density in the spine and hip of postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment. A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study
Authors: P. Geusens, J. Dequeker, J. Vanhoof, R. Stalmans, S. Boonen, J. Joly, J. Nijs, J. Raus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To study the effect of cyclic etidronate in secondary prevention of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. <h3>METHODS</h3> A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study comparing cyclic etidronate and placebo during two years in 37 postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment, mainly for polymyalgia rheumatica (40% of the patients) and rheumatoid arthritis (30%). Bone density was measured in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After two years of treatment there was a significant difference between the groups in mean per cent change from baseline in bone density in the spine in favour of etidronate (p=0.003). The estimated treatment difference (mean (SD)) was 9.3 (2.1)%. Etidronate increased bone density in the spine (4.9 (2.1)%, p&lt;0.05) whereas the placebo group lost bone (−2.4 (1.6)%). At the femoral neck there was an estimated difference of 5.3 (2.6)% between the groups (etidronate: 3.6 (1.4)%, p&lt;0.05, placebo: −2.4 (2.1)%). The estimated difference at the trochanter was 8.2 (3.0) (etidronate: 9.0 (1.5)%, p&lt;0.0001, placebo: 0.5 (2.3)%). No significant bone loss occurred in the hip in placebo treated patients. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Cyclic etidronate is an effective treatment for postmenopausal women receiving corticosteroid treatment and is well tolerated.
THE STATUS OF VACCINE AND SERUM THERAPY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The immunization treatment of infectious diseases is conducted by the introduction into the system of (a) substances—antigens—which stimulate the tissues to the production of antibodies (active immunization); and by the introduction of (b) antibodies that are already formed (passive immunization). To the first class of substances belong tuberculin and the bacterins; to the second the serums (substances containing antibodies). If the powers of the tissues of an individual are exhausted so that they can no longer respond to the stimulus of an antigen it is useless and even deleterious to introduce the antigen. Hence the necessity for knowing the condition of the individual in this respect and of avoiding overdosage. In the introduction of antibodies (serums) the conditions of the tissues relative to their ability to develop antibodies is not a part of the question. The problem here is how much of antibodies is required and how much the tissues
Observations ON ADMINISTRATION OF ARSENIC IN SYPHILIS
Authors: W. T. Lockhart, J. R. Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

DIHE educated portion of all civilized nations is 'becomiing more anid mnore alive to tlle enormlous influence wlhich syphilis will lhave on the future well-being of the nation aind to tlle increase in the dissenination of this previously world-wide disease that may follow the great wvar.MeasuLres of prevention are nowv freely discussed in places where a shlort time ago the nmere imention of venereal disease would lhave cau sed consternation.With this
Prognostic Importance of Pruritus in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Alan S. Feiner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In 1971 participants in the Ann Arbor Conference on Hodgkin's disease thought that pruritus had no independent prognostic importance. We reviewed our series of patients with Hodgkin's disease and found six patients in whom severe itching was a major clinical problem. When compared with similarly treated patients without pruritus, these patients appeared to have more-aggressive disease. Severe itching, alone or with B symptoms, needs further study, since it may presage a poor prognosis. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2738-2740, 1978)
Infection strategies of enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Abigail Clements, Joanna C. Young, Nicholas Constantinou, Gad Frankel
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Enteric Escherichia coli (E. coli) are both natural flora of humans and important pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditionally enteric E. coli have been divided into 6 pathotypes, with further pathotypes often proposed. In this review we suggest expansion of the enteric E. coli into 8 pathotypes to include the emerging pathotypes of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) and Shiga-toxin producing enteroaggregative E. coli (STEAEC). The molecular mechanisms that allow enteric E. coli to colonize and cause disease in the human host are examined and for two of the pathotypes that express a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) we discuss the complex interplay between translocated effectors and manipulation of host cell signaling pathways that occurs during infection.
Are You Sure This Is Right?
Authors: Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Promising New Treatment for Refractory Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Donald Metcalf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Aplastic anemia is characterized by severe deficiencies in peripheral-blood platelets, white cells, and red cells. These defects in mature cells occur because aplastic bone marrow contains severely reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and their lineage-committed progenitor-cell progeny. In rare instances, the disease is familial, but in the majority of acquired cases, the origin of the disease is unclear, and the most favored hypothesis is that acquired aplastic anemia may be an immunologically mediated disease.1 The preferred treatment is immunotherapy with antithymocyte globulin plus cyclosporine. If this treatment proves ineffective, eligible patients can undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Although either . . .
Impact of Ischemia-Guided Revascularization With Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for Patients With Multivessel Coronary Disease
Authors: Young-Hak Kim, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Hae Geun Song, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Sung-Cheol Yun, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Dae Hyuk Moon, Cheol-Hyun Chung, Jae-Won Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine on the Canine Sinus Node
Authors: VICTOR ELHARRAR, JACQUES DE CHAMPLAIN, RÉGINALD A. NADEAU
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The acute effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) injected directly into the sinus node artery were studied in 57 dogs. The positive chronotropic effect of 6-OH-DA was intermediate between that of norepinephrine and that of tyramine, when these substances were compared on the basis of their ED 50 . The increase in heart rate produced by 6-OH-DA was inhibited by prior intranodal injection of propranolol and desmethylimipramine. At high doses, injection of 6-OH-DA was often associated with arrhythmias such as periodic slowing of the sinus rate, atrial premature beats, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular extrasystoles. In the 72 hours following injection of 1.5 mg 6-OH-DA, the norepinephrine content of the sinus node region decreased progressively. In agreement with the norepinephrine depletion, response to intranodally injected tyramine was significantly diminished. The number of fluorescent adrenergic nerve fibers was also reduced. Impaired norepinephrine uptake and enhanced release were also demonstrated by using tritiated norepinephrine. After 6-OH-DA treatment, response to right stellate stimulation was diminished, and the response to vagal stimulation was not altered. It was concluded that the local perfusion of the sinus node with 6-OH-DA produces a marked norepinephrine depletion of the perfused region compatible with a localized degeneration of the sympathetic nerve terminals.
Prospective study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and dysmenorrhea.
Authors: C Chen, S I Cho, A I Damokosh, D Chen, G Li, X Wang, X Xu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder in women of reproductive age. Previous studies have found an association between current cigarette smoking and prevalence of dysmenorrhea. This study investigated the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea among women without a history of this disorder. The study population consisted of 165 newly wed, nonsmoking Chinese women (in Shenyang, China), who intended to get pregnant and who had no past history of dysmenorrhea at the time of enrollment. These women completed a baseline questionnaire interview upon enrollment and were prospectively followed by daily diary. Dysmenorrhea was defined as a diary recording of abdominal pain or low back pain for at least 2 days during a menstrual period. A subject's ETS exposure was defined as the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day at home by household members over an entire menstrual cycle before the menstrual period. A logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of ETS on the risk of dysmenorrhea, with adjustment for age, body mass index, education, season, area of residence, occupation, shift work, perceived stress, passive smoking at work, and occupational exposure to chemical hazards, dust, and noise. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for autocorrelations as a result of multiple cycles per subject. This report is based on 625 prospectively followed menstrual cycles with complete baseline and diary data. ETS exposure was reported in 77% of cycles, within which average daily exposures throughout the cycle ranged from 0.02 to 10. 3 cigarettes. The incidence of dysmenorrhea was 9.7% and 13.3% among nonexposed and exposed cycles, respectively. Among ETS-exposed cycles, there was a positive dose-response relationship between the numbers of cigarettes smoked and the relative risk of dysmenorrhea. The adjusted odds ratios of dysmenorrhea associated with "low," "middle," and "high" tertiles of ETS exposure versus no exposure were 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-2.6], 2.5 (CI, 0.9-6.7), and 3.1 (CI, 1.2-8.3), respectively. The findings were consistent with those of analyses limited to the first follow-up menstrual cycle from each woman. These data suggest a significant dose-response relationship between exposure to ETS and an increased incidence of dysmenorrhea in this cohort of young women.
Abstract 4496: INK128, an orally active TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, shows broad antitumor activity and enhances efficacy of cytotoxic as well as targeted agents
Authors: Linda Kessler, Shunyou Wang, Xin Guo, Jeff Kucharski, Jocelyn Staunton, Lucy Lan, Marikka Elia, Josh Stewart, Jolene Brown, Liansheng Li, Katrina Chan, Michael Martin, Pingda Ren, Katti Jessen, Christian Rommel, Yi Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract mTOR kinase operates via two distinct multi-protein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, which together regulate growth, metabolism, angiogenesis and survival. Because the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway integrates nutrient and hormonal signaling and is frequently dysregulated in human cancer, the mTOR kinase has become an important target for oncology drug development. However, multiple genomic and signaling pathways are often simultaneously activated in cancer, and pathway redundancy and compensatory feedback can blunt the activity of even the most potent anticancer agents. Thus, it is important to study the anti-tumor efficacy of potential anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with cytotoxic and targeted agents, to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect. Through rational drug design we have discovered INK128, a potent and selective TORC1/2 inhibitor with outstanding drug-like properties. INK128 inhibits both the phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1, downstream substrates of TORC1, and selectively inhibits AKT phosphorylation at Ser473, the downstream substrate of TORC2, both in vitro and in vivo. Potent inhibition was also observed in cell lines resistant to rapamycin and PanPI3K inhibitors. Daily, oral administration of INK128 inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in multiple xenograft models with predicted PK/PD relationship. We have studied INK128 in combination with chemotherapeutic agents as well as with molecular targeted agents both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In most cases, INK128 demonstrated a synergistically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth and suppression of respective signaling pathways. Additionally, induction of apoptosis was observed only when INK128 was used in combination, suggesting apoptosis as a potential contributor to the observed synergy. A subset of the agents that displayed synergy when combined with INK128 in vitro were evaluated in a number of xenograft models. The combinations were well-tolerated and displayed both enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and enhanced inhibition of key pharmacodynamic markers. In summary, INK128 offers a compelling approach to the treatment of cancer either as a single agent or in combination with other anti-cancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4496.