tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Terminal maturation of resting B cells by proliferation-independent B cells differentiation factors.
Authors: L Mayer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Using response to four different BCDF preparations as a model of B cell maturation, we have shown that induction of B cell proliferation abrogates terminal maturation of these cells. In fact, response to some BCDFs can occur in the presence of inhibitors of DNA replication, suggesting that there are proliferation-independent as well as proliferation-dependent BCDFs. These findings cannot be explained by changes in the kinetics of the BCDF response, nor can they be reversed by repletion of media or changing cell densities. Proliferation-independent BCDFs appear to exert their effects on dense, resting 4F2- B cells rather than more activated B cells. This is in contrast to B cell differentiation signals of IL-2 alone or SAC and IL-2 in concert. These data suggest that the current models of B cell activation and maturation may require some reorganization, relegating the proliferative phase of B cell maturation to a lesser role. In addition, evidence is provided for the fact that the resting B cell may have the full complement of receptors for BCDF as well as BCGF and BCPF and may help account for the inherent nonspecificity of the immune response.
Prison health services
Authors: M. Levy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

On any day the number of imprisoned people throughout the world will number 30 to 50 million. Most periods of incarceration are short, so that four to six times those numbers pass through prisons every year. As imprecise as these figures are, one thing is certain: the numbers are increasing. Prison is a regulated but not a closed system, simply because of the numbers of people who enter, leave, and re-enter custodial institutions. So health problems in prison move between the two sides of the wall, in a seemingly chaotic manner.1

Incarceration means that personal freedoms are denied to the prisoner—loss of choice over sanitation, diet, recreation, and cell mates to name a few. Moreover, overcrowding provides ideal circumstances for stress related disorders and transmission of diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, as illustrated in this issue by Reyes and Coninx (p 1447).2 The more prisoners' freedoms are limited, and the worse the general prison conditions, the greater the responsibility …
Clinical Experiences with a New Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor as an Oral Diuretic
Authors: Irving Hirshleifer, Norman Shaftel, Donald J. Behr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE characteristic features of an ideal diuretic can easily be enumerated. In practice, however, a compound possessing all these desirable properties has yet to be found. Because of the multitudinous factors involved in the many pathologic states that result in abnormal water retention, a universal diuretic (that is, one useful in every situation) does not seem feasible at this time. Many methods and drugs (ranging from Hippocrates's hot fomentations and venesection to Withering's introduction of foxglove in 1785) have been retained in the diuretic armamentarium. In recent years new diuretic drugs utilizing different physiologic principles have appeared, and from time . . .
p53 expression during normal tissue regeneration in response to acute cutaneous injury in swine.
Authors: H N Antoniades, T Galanopoulos, J Neville-Golden, C P Kiritsy, S E Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The present studies investigated the in vivo expression of the p53 suppressor gene and protein product in response to acute cutaneous injury in swine, along with the parallel expression of the c-sis/PDGF-B mitogen and its receptor beta (PDGF-R beta). p53 expression was shown to be suppressed during the period of active cellular proliferation in the injured tissue and to reemerge during the stages of healing. In contrast, c-sis/PDGF-B and PDGF-R beta were expressed during the early phase of active cellular proliferation and they were suppressed upon healing. This inverse relationship between mitogenic growth factors and p53 suggests the presence of well-controlled physiologic mechanisms that regulate in vivo the processes of normal tissue repair in response to injury. At the stages of tissue regeneration, these mechanisms include both the expression of growth factors that promote cell proliferation and the suppression of p53 that downregulates proliferation. At the stages of healing, the expression of the mitogenic growth factors is suppressed and that of p53 reemerges, reaching its peak at the time of complete epithelialization and healing of the injured tissue. These studies are the first to link the response of p53 protein to physiologic processes of tissue regeneration in vivo.
DEPENDENCE OF THE FORM OF THE ELECTRO-CARDIOGRAM UPON THE SITE OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN VENTRICLES
Authors: B. S. Oppenheimer, Harold J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

The relation of the form of the electrocardiogram to the site of stimulation in the ventricles still remains an open question, although patients have been studied from this point of view and many experi- ments on animals have been performed.Einthoven (1) in 1908 was the first to attempt to localize the site of origin of ventricular premature contractions by an analysis of patients' electrocardiograms.Even at the present time such localization cannot be made with any degree of accuracy in the human heart.
An orally administrated nucleotide-delivery vehicle targeting colonic macrophages for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhen Huang, Jingjing Gan, Lixin Jia, Guangxing Guo, Chunming Wang, Yuhui Zang, Zhi Ding, Jiangning Chen, Junfeng Zhang, Lei Dong
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
PREDICTORS OF LATE REDISTRIBUTION IN MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SCINTIGRAPHY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY
Authors: Andrew S La Pidus, Hazcm H Chehabi, Michael W Dae, William S Chung, Elias H Botvinick
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

La Pidus, Andrew S; Chehabi, Hazcm H; Dae, Michael W; Chung, William S; Botvinick, Elias H Author Information
Outcomes of Primary Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Perineural Invasion
Authors: Joi B. Carter, Matthew M. Johnson, Tiffany L. Chua, Pritesh S. Karia, Chrysalyne D. Schmults
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

To identify factors associated with poor outcomes in perineurally invasive squamous cell carcinoma.Retrospective cohort study.Two academic hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts.Adults with perineural SCC diagnosed from 1998 to 2008.Hazard ratios (HRs) for local recurrence, nodal metastasis, death from disease, and overall death, adjusted for known prognostic factors.A total of 114 cases were included, all but 2 involving unnamed nerves. Only a single local recurrence occurred in cases with no risk factors other than nerve invasion. Tumors with large nerve (≥ 0.1 mm in caliber) invasion were significantly more likely to have other risk factors, including diameters of 2 cm or greater (P<.001), invasion beyond the subcutaneous fat (P<.003), multiple nerve involvement (P<.001), infiltrative growth (P=.01), or lymphovascular invasion (P=.01). On univariate analysis, large nerve invasion was associated with increased risk of nodal metastasis (HR, 5.6 [95% CI, 1.1-27.9]) and death from disease (HR, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.2-17.0]). On multivariate analysis, tumor diameter of 2 cm or greater predicted local recurrence (HR, 4.8 [95% CI, 1.8-12.7]), >1 risk factor predicted nodal metastasis (2 factors: HR, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.0-16.6]), lymphovascular invasion predicted death from disease (HR, 15.3 [95% CI, 3.7-62.8]), and overall death (HR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0-1.1]). Invasion beyond subcutaneous fat also predicted overall death (HR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.0-4.3]).Squamous cell carcinoma involving unnamed small nerves (<0.1 mm in caliber) may have a low risk of poor outcomes in the absence of other risk factors. Large-caliber nerve invasion is associated with an elevated risk of nodal metastasis and death, but this is due in part to multiple other risk factors associated with large-caliber nerve invasion. A larger study is needed to estimate the specific prognostic impact of nerve caliber.
Total Serum Glycosylated Proteins in Detection and Monitoring of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: William T Cefalu, Kaye L Prather, Donna L Chester, Catherine J Wheeler, Manoj Biswas, Martin L Pernod
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The goal of this study was to determine whether serum glycosylated protein levels (i.e., fructosamine) can reliably screen for gestational diabetes and whether these levels are valid markers of short-term glycemic control in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ninety-seven pregnant women at 26–28 wk gestation were evaluated over 9 mo. HbA1c and serum glycosylated protein (serum fructosamine) were determined at the baseline venipuncture of the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test performed to detect gestational diabetes. Of the 97 women studied, 13 tested positive for gestational diabetes (National Diabetes Data Group criteria). There were significant differences in the fasting and 1-, 2-, and 3-h glucose values between nondiabetic and diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.005 at each time point). No difference was noted in the baseline serum glycosylated protein level (2.02 ± 0.08 vs. 1.98 ± 0.02 mM, NS) or HbA1c level (4.42 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.3%, NS) between gestational and nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were followed at 2-wk intervals, with serum glycosylated protein analysis, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and mean glucose determined by outpatient monitoring. Serum glycosylated protein correlated significantly to fasting blood glucose (r = 0.81, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and mean outpatient glucose (r = 0.62, P &amp;lt; 0.001) at the 2-wk follow-up visits. No correlation was found between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.11, NS) or mean outpatient glucose (r = −0.12, NS) during the follow-up period. The serum glycosylated protein level (serum fructosamine) is not a useful screening test for gestational diabetes. However, this assay shows potential as an objective marker of short-term control in evaluating the maternal glycemic state.
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF LARGE DOSES OF PALUDRINE IN ACUTE ATTACKS OF SPOROZOITE-INDUCED VIV AX MALARIA (CHESSON STRAIN) 1
Authors: Ralph Jones, Theodore N. Pullman, C. Merrill Whorton, Branch Craige, Alf S. Alving, Lillian Eichelberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

Unit, Department of Medicine, the former group bred Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes, supervised their infection and the inoculation of volunteers, and determined the intensity of infection in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes.
Problems in the Maintenance of Adequate Laboratory Staffs
Authors: Donald A. Nickerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE changing pattern of medical care in recent years has resulted in a tremendous expansion of the activities of the clinical laboratory. In my personal experience, which I know is not unique, the past decade has seen a 400-per-cent increase in the volume of laboratory examinations done on patients in the hospital. This has been accompanied by a comparable increase in the number of technicians employed. Ideally, these technicians would have had a minimum of two years of college training, preferably a degree, would have the hospital internship, and would have been certified by the American Society of Medical Technologists . . .
INFANTILE TYPHOID WITH CONVULSIONS
Authors: Merrick R. Breck
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Because of the infrequent reports of typhoid in infants and its relatively low mortality rate, we are reporting this case, which terminated in death twenty-nine hours after the onset of symptoms. The severe neurologic manifestations throughout the short clinical course so camouflaged the true condition that, without findings of a postmortem examination, correct diagnosis may not have even been guessed. Fatal infantile typhoid is rare at the present time. Of 30,000 admissions to the Bellevue Hospital, New York City, covering a period of fifteen years up to 1940, 1 case of typhoid fever was recognized under the age of 2 years.<sup>1</sup>Recent reports indicate that approximately 2 per cent of typhoid cases are in infants<sup>2</sup>and that out of this group a negligible percentage is fatal as compared to a reported 12.5 per cent mortality a few years ago.<sup>3</sup> Typhoid is essentially a disease or injury of
Adoptive immunotherapy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma using genetically modified autologous CD20-specific T cells
Authors: Brian G. Till, Michael C. Jensen, Jinjuan Wang, Eric Y. Chen, Brent L. Wood, Harvey A. Greisman, Xiaojun Qian, Scott E. James, Andrew Raubitschek, Stephen J. Forman, Ajay K. Gopal, John M. Pagel, Catherine G. Lindgren, Philip D. Greenberg, Stanley R. Riddell, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Blood (2008)
Decreased blood glucose excursion by nateglinide ameliorated neuropathic changes in Goto-Kakizaki rats, an animal model of non-obese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yoshiro Kitahara, Kyoko Miura, Kaori Takesue, Tomoyuki Mine, Ryuichi Wada, Yoshiaki Uchida, Satoru Ito, Soroku Yagihashi
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
ICCE Consensus for Capsule Retention
Authors: D. Cave, P. Legnani, R. de Franchis, B. S. Lewis
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Capsule endoscopy allows direct examination of the entire length of the small bowel in a noninvasive manner and has become the gold standard in evaluating suspected disease of the small bowel [1] [2]. Capsule retention remains a major concern for physicians performing capsule endoscopy, since it was postulated that retention could cause acute small-bowel obstruction and, even without obstruction, retention could lead to a need for surgery to remove the capsule. Thus, retention could theoretically lead to surgery in a patient who otherwise might have been treated medically for the same illness. This is especially felt to be true for patients with Crohn’s disease or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy. The working group reviewed the available published data on capsule endoscopy to determine the true incidence of retention and the reported incidence of acute capsule impaction leading to obstruction. From a review of these data, the working group devised a statement to guide physicians with regard to retention.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric subepithelial tumors: a single-center series
Authors: Arthur Schmidt, Markus Bauder, Bettina Riecken, Daniel von Renteln, Helmut Muehleisen, Karel Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric subepithelial tumors with a full-thickness suturing device has been described as feasible in two small case series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcome of this resection technique. <b>Patients and methods:</b> After 31 patients underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection, the data were analyzed retrospectively. Before snare resection, 1 to 3 full-thickness sutures were placed underneath each tumor with a device originally designed for endoscopic anti-reflux therapy. <b>Results:</b> All tumors were resected successfully. Bleeding occurred in 12 patients (38.7 %); endoscopic hemostasis could be achieved in all cases. Perforation occurred in 3 patients (9.6 %), and all perforations could be managed endoscopically. Complete resection was histologically confirmed in 28 of 31 patients (90.3 %). Mean follow-up was 213 days (range, 1 – 1737), and no tumor recurrences were observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric subepithelial tumors with the suturing technique described above is feasible and effective. After the resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), we did not observe any recurrences during follow-up, indicating that endoscopic full-thickness resection may be an alternative to surgical resection for selected patients.
Difficult abdominal access in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients: Our experience and literature review
Authors: Alessandra Surace, Silvia Marola, Rosa Benvenga, Alessandro Borello, Valentina Gentile, Alessia Ferrarese, Stefano Enrico, Valter Martino, Mario Nano, Mario Solej
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
A Photoelectric Ear Densitometer for Continuously Recording the Arterial Concentration of T-1824 in the Dye-Dilution Method
Authors: WILLIAM R. MILNOR, SAMUEL A. TALBOT, WILLIAM P. McKEEVER, ROBERT B. MARYE, ELLIOT V. NEWMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

To eliminate the collection of serial samples of arterial blood an instrument has been developed which records dye-dilution curves by measuring changes in optical density of a segment of a heatflushed car. Comparison with curves from arterial samples shows close similarity in the shape of the curves, and good agreement between the cardiac outputs calculated from them. Other advantages of the technic are the relatively small close of dye needed, the linear relation between deflection of the recording galvanometer and changes in dye concentration in the blood, and the fact that determinations can be repeated several times at intervals of three or four minutes.
Remarks on the Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis
Authors: F. M. R. Walshe
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TMBDICALuJOUNAL 347 health (as was the case with the patients who came to our allergen-proof chambers) it must be realized that one -obvious factor in the prevention of tuberculosis is to make the conditions at home similar to those in our clinic.We feel that, for all patients who are free from sym- ptoms of asthma in our clinic, or who, suffering from tuberculosis, are greatly relieved, the problem of their health has been reduced for the most part to a problem of technique.RmaRlNCES.
Tobacco, President Carter, and Changing Times
Authors: James H. Lutschg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The recent editorial by concerned citizen Jimmy Carter 1 was right on target in quantitating the devastating dimensions of morbidity and mortality secondary to tobacco use. Also, he correctly noted that these losses are heavy across the board without regard for one's race, sex, or creed. How times change! While President, Carter dismissed Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary Joseph Califano, one of the few in government other than the Surgeon General who publicly spoke out against tobacco use and identified it as the No. 1 cause of premature death in the US population. In his editorial, Carter laments the plight of the teenager falling prey to the addictive powers of tobacco. While President, Carter made a mockery of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports by appointing a board member of Philip Morris as chairman of this body.  Carter continued in his editorial with a
Medical Treatment of the Dying: Moral Issues
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This book is written for a broad range of persons who may be involved or interested in the moral issues that relate to dying patients. A few of the articles are specifically relevant to physicians. The initial article, written by H. Tristam Engelhardt, Jr, MD, PhD, of the Kennedy Institute, Center for Bioethics, explores one of the four major themes of the book—the relationship between the physician and his patient. At a point in history when physicians feel challenged from every sector, it is reassuring to read a piece that addresses the complexity of this issue so thoroughly. At one point he writes that "medicine has become part of society's explicit political response to the general predicament of man." One may not agree with his hypothesis, but one cannot help but benefit from his thoughtful expose. James F. Toole, MD, LLB, a neurologist at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine,
Plasma zinc and its relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Z Balogh, A.F El-Ghobarey, G.S Fell, D.H Brown, J Dunlop, W.C Dick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Total plasma zinc levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on different therapeutic treatments were determined in conjunction with total serum proteins, serum albumin and globulin, and articular index of joint tenderness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, serum copper, and serum iron. There were significantly lower zinc levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs than in patients on levamisole and penicillamine. Zinc levels correlated positively with serum albumin, and there was an inverse correlation between zinc levels and both ESR and globulin concentration in all rheumatoid patients. However, the correlation coefficient varied in the different treatment groups. The results of this study support the hypothesis that low plasma zinc level in rheumatoid arthritis is one of the nonspecific features of inflammation.
News article on report about drug researcher was biased
Authors: E. Betito
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—I wish to draw attention to an error in an article by Spurgeon.1 The drug company Apotex was sponsoring research into a new drug, deferiprone, and terminated a contract with one of the researchers because of several matters, but not as a result of her publishing her claims about the investigational drug.

The researcher declared her intention to publish her claims only after the company had terminated her contract. Had Spurgeon contacted other parties involved in this controversy he would have realised that the information …
Anatomicus Anomalous (or Popliteal Goes the Weasel)
Authors: Jack Mayer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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