tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Novel <scp>l</scp>-Nucleoside Analog Troxacitabine Given as a 30-Minute Infusion Every 21 Days
Authors: Karl Belanger, Malcolm Moore, Sharyn D. Baker, Jeanne Dionne, Martha Maclean, Jacques Jolivet, Lillian Siu, Denis Soulières, Nancy Wainman, Lesley Seymour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Troxacitabine (Troxatyl, BCH-4556; BioChem Pharma Inc, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) is a novel synthetic l-nucleoside analog with activity against a broad range of human tumors in preclinical models. Preclinical toxicity suggested a predictable toxicity profile consistent with an agent of this class, with evidence of interspecies differences. We conducted a phase I study of troxacitabine given as a 30-minute infusion once every 21 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The starting dose of troxacitabine was 0.025 mg/m 2 , based on toxicology data from the most sensitive species studied (cynomolgus monkey). Doses were doubled until grade 1 skin or mucosal or grade 2 other toxicity was encountered. A modified Fibonacci scale was used. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were enrolled at 13 dose levels. Most common nonhematologic side effects were skin rash (44%), lethargy (29%), nausea (24%), alopecia, dry skin (18%), anorexia (13%), neurosensory symptoms (13%), and hand-foot syndrome (13%). In patients treated with prednisone 25 mg/d orally for 5 days, starting on day 1, skin rash was less problematic. Two patients at 12.5 mg/m 2 experienced dose-limiting (grade 4) granulocytopenia. Confirmed partial responses were documented in one patient with previously untreated renal cell carcinoma with metastatic lung and bone lesions and in one patient with an unknown primary tumor. Eighteen patients had a best response of stable disease with a median duration of 5.1 months (range, 2.1 to 18.7 months). CONCLUSION: When given in this schedule, the maximum-tolerated dose of troxacitabine is 12.5 mg/m 2 , and the recommended dose for additional phase II studies is 10 mg/m 2 once every 21 days with steroid premedication.
Aetiology of pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury.
Authors: C Thiyagarajan, J R Silver
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred consecutive patients admitted to the National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, with pressure sores were studied to assess the relative importance of factors known to predispose to the development of scores. Loss of feeling was critical, because patients were unable to appreciate pain when the sore was developing. Risk of developing a sore increased with age, but duration of the paralysis was of equal importance. After discharge from hospital the presence of a caring relative or friend was essential for survival. Many patients developed sores because of poor facilities at home or inappropriate advice from those who looked after them. An even more distressing factor was the number of patients who developed sores in hospital owing to inadequate nursing care. There are relatively few paralysed patients in the community, but the lessons learnt in this study may be applied to all patients with orthopaedic injuries and to geriatric patients with limited mobility. Nursing and medical staff must turn patients regularly and ensure that there is proper equipment to relieve pressure on the skin. Patients should not be allowed to sit in a chair if they develop a sacral or trochanteric sore. More effort should be directed towards the appropriate education of patients, their relatives, and all those who are concerned with their welfare.
Effect of Drugs on Glycemia
Authors: Max Wishnofsky
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In an article in the March 2 issue ofThe Journalentitled "Effect of Glucagon Hydrochloride on Hypoglycemia of Juvenile Diabetics" (<b>153</b>:795), Dr. D. D. Etzwiler reports that subcutaneous injection of glucagon hydrochloride produced a rapid increase in blood sugar and a symptomatic improvement in juvenile diabetics experiencing severe hypoglycemic reactions. How does glucagon hydrochloride compare with epinephrine and posterior pituitary (Pituitrin) as an antagonist of insulin on blood sugar? A study was made, by this writer and associates, of epinephrine and posterior pituitary on the action of insulin on blood sugar. (<i>Amer J Med Sci</i><b>208</b>:361, 1944.) In study of the effect of epinephrine on the action of insulin on glycemia, glucose tolerance tests were made of diabetics in three groups. Group 1 received 70 gm of dextrose only; group 2 received 70 gm of dextrose plus 20 units of unmodified insulin subcutaneously; and
Qualitative study of educational interaction between general practitioners and specialists
Authors: M. N Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To identify the main barriers to effective educational interaction between general practitioners and specialists and to suggest ways of overcoming these barriers.Qualitative study using semistructured interviews and focus groups. A content analysis of the data was performed.South and West Regional Health Authority.12 general practitioner principals and 12 hospital consultants were sampled purposefully and underwent a semistructured interview; a further 16 general practitioners and 16 hospital consultants similarly sampled made up four focus groups representing the two branches of the medical profession.There was a mismatch between what the general practitioners wanted from specialists in educational terms, and what the specialists were providing. General practitioners wanted to learn information that was directly applicable to their clinical work and to use referrals as two way learning opportunities. They were not sufficiently explicit about their learning needs. Specialists preferred to concentrate on new developments in their subject and would benefit from learning different ways of teaching. The participants were willing to learn from each other. Three models of educational interaction were identified: traditional didactic lectures given by specialists to general practitioners, interactive clinically based teaching, and informal interaction based on referrals.The two main branches of the medical profession have to address several significant problems before the full potential of teaching and learning together can be realised.
ELECTIVE LOCALIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: E. C. Rosenow
Journal: BMJ (1930)

The general systemic distribution of micro-organisms in certain diseases with a localized focus is well established, but the factors which determine the localization of bacteria after they gain entrance into the circulation are obscure.  In this paper I wish to record a summary of the results obtained from the intravenous injection, under a standard technic, of streptococci isolated from appendicitis, ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, cholecystitis, rheumatic fever, erythema nodosum, herpes zoster, epidemic parotitis, myositis and endocarditis, and to discuss the bearing of these results on localization of streptococci.  TECHNIC  The streptococci were usually grown from sixteen totwenty-four hours at 37 C. in tall columns of ascites (10 per cent.) dextrose (0.2 per cent.) broth (0.6+ to 0.8+) to which sterile tissue (guinea-pig kidney or heart muscle) was often added; the sterility of the ascites fluid and broth containing the tissue was always proved beforehand. After incubation smears were
The Hospice Movement
Authors: Gale Katterhagen
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the comments by John P. Callan, MD, concerning the hospice movement (241:600,1979). I thought his EDITORIAL was timely and brought out many fine points concerning the possible pitfalls in excessive use and associated cost of inpatient hospice facilities. The majority of the hospice movements that are occurring in the United States today center their attention on home care. It is the contention of many leaders within the hospice movement that the strength of any hospice program lies in a viable home care program to give all patients and their families the option of the patients' having their final days at home rather than in an acute care setting, with the associated costs. The US hospice movement has many similarities to the British experience, but on comparison, there are many distinctions as well. One of the most notable differences is the strong emphasis in the United
Hyposensitization Therapy In Ragweed Hay Fever
Authors: Herbert S. Mansmann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The authors state that most of the  had unexplained nasal symptoms before ragweed pollen appeared in the air. Were not these symptoms due to unidentified allergens, which predisposed to a continuation of symptoms? Additionally, a diseased nasal mucosa might remain, still sensitive to almost any stimulus for weeks.  Their study involved the less frequently used preseasonal injection method, with the maximum tolerated doses given at weekly intervals during the height of the ragweed pollen season. The great American philosophy that, if a little is good, more is better, should not apply here. Most patients suffer aggravated symptoms, even without systemic reactions, if a maximum dose of allergen is injected during the pollen season. Therefore, overdosage could account for the failure of these authors to demonstrate effectiveness.
HIV infection in Uganda
Authors: G Bantebya, E Konings
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Would it not be possible to maintain supplies of urofollitrophin (Metrodin (Serono)) until further consultation?In addition, Organon has just launched a gonadotrophin preparation with low luteinising hormone concentrations (Nornegon).Perhaps, Serono will reflect on the consequences of its unilateral action.
Cardiology in 2011—Amazing Opportunities, Huge Challenges
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Overfeeding in Early Infancy
Authors: I. G. Wickes
Journal: BMJ (1952)

OESOPHAGEAL SPEECH MEDIBCLTJSHRNAL activity of the oesophageal smooth muscle.We believe that the whole knack lies in the control of the cricopharyngeal sphincter, and that the oesophagus behaves as a passive tube.It is surprising to find that a patient with no glottis can raise his intrathoracic pressure in the way shown.Such patients can, however, achieve positive pressures of 30 to 50 mm.Hg during sustained expiratory strain and consider- ably more during coughing.It appears that the effective resistance of the bronchioles to a suddenly applied expira- tory pressure can be very high, so that in a sense air is trapped in the alveoli.Anyone who has witnessed a bronchoscopy will recall that the veins of the head and neck congest during coughing and straining even with the bronchoscope in place.In acquiring a voice after laryngectomy the patient has to gain control of the cricopharyngeal sphincter so that he can first relax the sphincter and allow air to enter the oeso- phagus during inspiration, and, secondly, control the degree of contraction during speech so that there is maximum economy in the use of the air in the oesophagus and the loss of air from the lungs.To acquire a good oesophageal voice therefore comprises two stages: (1) finding the voice, and (2) learning to use the new technique economically so that many syllables can be uttered without taking a fresh breath.Finding the voice usually takes a month or two, and the skill in the use of this voice increases over several years. SummryMeasurements of oesophageal pressure and chest movements during oesophageal speech have been made, and the oesophageal movements observed by fluoro- scopy.The mechanism is discussed.Air enters the oeso- phagus down to the diaphragm.It is expelled by expira- tory effort, the airway resistance allowing the intra- thoracic pressure to rise above the atmospheric pressure despite the presence of a tracheostomy.We are grateful to Drs.
Massage, Manipulation and Traction
Authors: Frank H. Krusen
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book continues the excellent series dealing with various phases of physical medicine. It is a valuable addition to the Licht Physical Medicine Library. This text adds 14 more authors to the 90 who have contributed to this growing library, and once more Licht has gathered his contributors from various parts of the world. In this volume there are contributors from Germany, England, Switzerland, France, and the United States. It is pointed out that the subject matter of this volume is thousands of years old, and that since its inception, it has been, at times, praised to the sky by its supporters and, at other times, calumniated by its detractors. Licht, as usual, does not hesitate to present descriptions of methods that are of a controversial nature, and he leaves the intelligent reader to draw his own conclusions. For example, this volume includes a discussion of methods that interest certain
Lipopolysaccharide priming of human neutrophils for an enhanced respiratory burst. Role of intracellular free calcium.
Authors: J R Forehand, M J Pabst, W A Phillips, R B Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment "primes" neutrophils to release increased amounts of superoxide anion (O2-) when stimulated. We investigated the molecular basis of this enhanced activity. Comparison of kinetic parameters of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase in unstimulated LPS-primed and control neutrophils disclosed a similar Km for NADPH and no difference was seen in the content of cytochrome b. Pertussis toxin, which inhibits some G proteins, did not prevent priming. Change in membrane potential (delta psi) was five-fold greater in LPS-primed cells and paralleled the increased O2- release. Cytofluorographic analysis indicated that the increased change in delta psi was due to the creation of a new population of active cells. Changes in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) are believed to antecede changes in delta psi. There was a consistent increment (67 +/- 8%, n = 12) in resting [Ca2+]i in cells preincubated with LPS compared with control. When stimulated, the peak [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in LPS-primed cells. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C activity was unaltered in resting and FMLP-stimulated neutrophils preexposed to LPS. Addition to cells of the intracellular Ca2+ chelator MAPTAM before preincubation with LPS blocked the changes in [Ca2+]i and the enhanced respiratory burst that characterize LPS priming. The increased resting [Ca2+]i in LPS-primed cells may enhance stimulus-induced cellular activity by modifying a Ca2+-dependent step in signal transduction.
Nasal Inhalation of <i>l</i>-menthol Reduces Respiratory Discomfort Associated with Loaded Breathing
Authors: TAKASHI NISHINO, YUGO TAGAITO, YASUYOSHI SAKURAI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To test the hypothesis that stimulation of cold receptors in the upper airway may alleviate the sensation of respiratory discomfort, we investigated the effects of nasal inhalation of l-menthol (a specific stimulant of cold receptors) on the respiratory sensation and ventilation during the loaded breathing in 11 normal subjects. Subjects were asked to rate their sensation of respiratory discomfort using a visual analog scale (VAS) while breathing on a device with a flow-resistive load (180 cm H2O/L/s) or with an elastic load (75.5 cm H2O/L). The effects of inhalation of l-menthol on ventilation and respiratory sensation were evaluated by comparing the steady-state values of ventilatory variables and VAS scores obtained before, during, and after l-menthol inhalation. In 8 of 11 subjects inhalation of strawberry-flavored air instead of l-menthol was performed during loaded breathing. Both during the flow-resistive loading and the elastic loading, inhalation of l-menthol caused a significant reduction in sensation of respiratory discomfort (flow-resistive loading: 62 ± 14 [mean ± SD] VAS units before inhalation versus 36 ± 16 during inhalation, p < 0.01; elastic loading: 68 ± 13 before inhalation versus 55 ± 17 during inhalation, p < 0.01) without a significant change in breathing pattern and ventilation. Comparison of the effects between the flow-resistive loading and the elastic loading also revealed that the reduction in VAS score was more during the flow-resistive loading than during the elastic loading (p < 0.01). Inhalation of strawberry-flavored air caused neither changes in VAS score nor changes in breathing pattern and ventilation, indicating that olfaction is not a contributing factor in the relief of respiratory discomfort. We concluded that stimulation of cold receptors in the upper airway with nasal inhalation of l-menthol reduces the sensation of respiratory discomfort associated with loaded breathing. This effect is more effective during the flow-resistive loading than during the elastic loading.
Road accidents and the police
Authors: R. Garratt
Journal: BMJ (1979)

surgeons), who would no doubt be happy to co-operate.In one town the surgeon in charge of the accident unit gave police officers tuition in airway control at the hospital, and this was greatly appreciated.Equipment of most police cars was inadequate and often consisted only of first- aid boxes containing bandages and dressings.Patrol cars attending road accidents should have modern respiratory resuscitation equip- ment, spinal boards, cervical collars, inflatable splints, and waterproof sheets.They should also carry light rescue and cutting equipment for the release of trapped casualties, particu- larly in rural districts.
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/V
Authors: G. Alan Stoudemire
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Since its first edition in 1967, the<i>Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry</i>has mirrored progress in psychiatry in both form and content. In this, the fifth edition, published only four years since the last edition, the text continues to reflect the evolution of the field. This review will focus on significant changes since the last edition, with particular attention to areas of strengths and weaknesses. The text commences with a superb review of neural science as it is applicable to human behavior and clinical psychiatry; this section apparently has benefited from the appointment of a special section editor (Jack Grebb), who has compiled an excellent set of chapters that are cohesive, clearly written, and up-to-date. Topics that receive particularly excellent treatment are functional neuroanatomy, neuroreceptors, electrophysiology, neuronal plasticity, molecular genetics, and brain imaging. The basic science aspects of these areas are covered in a succinct manner, while their relevance to clinical
COMBINED CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORING IS NO MORE BENEFICIAL THAN CURRENT STANDARD OF 64-ROW MULTI-SLICE CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Sung Woo Kwon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Jaemin Shim, Dong Won Kang, Mi Eun Han, Young Jin Kim, Byoung Wook Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Comparison of DNA-lipid complexes and DNA alone for gene transfer to cystic fibrosis airway epithelia in vivo.
Authors: J Zabner, S H Cheng, D Meeker, J Launspach, R Balfour, M A Perricone, J E Morris, J Marshall, A Fasbender, A E Smith, M J Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cationic lipids show promise as vectors for transfer of CFTR cDNA to airway epithelia of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, previous studies have not compared the effect of DNA-lipid to DNA alone. Recently, we developed a formulation of plasmid encoding CFTR (pCF1-CFTR) and cationic lipid (GL-67:DOPE) that generated greater gene transfer in mouse lung than previously described DNA-lipid vectors. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that DNA-lipid complexes were more effective than DNA alone at transferring CFTR cDNA to airway epithelia in vivo. We administered complexes of DNA-lipid to one nostril and DNA alone to the other nostril in a randomized, double-blind study. Electrophysiologic measurements showed that DNA-lipid complexes partially corrected the Cl- transport defect. Importantly, the pCF1-CFTR plasmid alone was at least as effective as complexes of DNA with lipid. Measurements of vector-specific CFTR transcripts also showed gene transfer with both DNA-lipid and DNA alone. These results indicate that nonviral vectors can transfer CFTR cDNA to airway epithelia and at least partially restore the Cl- transport defect characteristic of CF. However, improvements in the overall efficacy of gene transfer are required to develop a treatment for CF.
Optimizing Patient Safety During Hemodialysis
Authors: Jonathan Himmelfarb
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ebstein's anomaly: Presentation and outcome from fetus to adult
Authors: David S. Celermajer, Catherine Bull, Janice A. Till, Seamus Cullen, Vassilios P. Vassillikos, Ian D. Sullivan, Lindsey Allan, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Jane Somerville, John E. Deanfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
ADIPONECTIN THROUGHOUT THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE CONTINUUM: REDOX STATE IN THE FAILING MYOCARDIUM AS A REGULATOR OF CIRCULATING ADIPONECTIN LEVELS
Authors: Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Charalambos Antoniades, Marios Margaritis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Michael Demosthenous, Antigoni Miliou, Constantinos Psarros, Nikolaos Koumallos, Constantinos Bakogiannis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)