tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cultural Influences on the Incidence and Pattern of Disease
Authors: J.W. Paulley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Society and its doctors influence disease patterns; examples are taken from two world wars. The high incidence of ulcerative colitis in Jews is seen as cultural rather than racial; differences and changes in the sex incidence of the disease are discussed in terms of altered male versus female rôles. The epidemiological puzzle of multiple sclerosis is examined from the standpoint of a cultural determinant possibly working through a psychosomatically disordered immune response. Hypotheses are advanced for the epidemic of duodenal ulcer and its recent decline accompanied by an increase in coronary disease. Sufferers from both disorders are 'work-addicts'; society's new disregard for work and the Puritan ethic may be influential.
Thromboembolism preceding cancer: A correlation study
Authors: Hussain I. Saba, Farrah K. Khalil, Genevieve A. Morelli, Philip R. Foulis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Thromboembolic (TE) events preceding cancer have been observed. Some studies failed to find this correlation. We retrospectively examined the cancer incidence following thromboembolic events in patients at our medical center. Medical records of 183 patients with established thromboembolic events documented in their records were selected and reviewed. Time interval between primary, secondary, and recurrent TE events preceding cancer diagnosis was analyzed. Two hundred age‐ and sex‐matched controls seen during the same period and without any evidence of TE were randomly selected and charts reviewed for malignancy. Cancer occurred after TE in 48 of 183 patients (26.2%). In controls, cancer was diagnosed in 23 (11.5%). This was statistically significant with an odds ratio of 2.736 (1.586, 4.720). In the 64 primary TE patients, the cancer incidence was 37.5%. The 63 patients with recurrent TE had an incidence of 35.4%, and 56 secondary TE patients had an incidence of 27.1%. Time between initial TE and cancer diagnosis was &lt;6 months in 27 (56.3%) patients, between 6 months and 1 year in 12 (25.0%), 1–5 years in 5 (10.4%), and &gt;5 years in 4 (8.3%). Fourteen (31.1%) TE patients presented with metastatic cancer. This study indicates that thromboembolic events are important predictors of cancer. Cancer in this population occurs within a year in the majority of patients. Cancer screening in patients without identifiable risk factors for thrombosis could be helpful for early detection, diagnosis, and management of cancer. Am. J. Hematol. 72:109–114, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of Depression in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ellen A. Dornelas, Matthew M. Burg
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR MEASURING SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR) IN AN MR IMAGER
Authors: E. Ghasroddashti, S. M. Mohapatra, H. F. DʼSouza, J. R. Prince, D. A. Wilson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Ghasroddashti, E.; Mohapatra, S. M.; D'Souza, H. F.; Prince, J. R.; Wilson, D. A. Author Information
Effectiveness of Treatment in Control
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A review of clinical reports dealing with prognosis in patients with Hodgkin's disease yields the impression that there has been a steady improvement in survival during the past 25 years. Thus, the five-year survival period following diagnosis and treatment in most of the large series reported before 1950 was under 20%. 12 A current survey 3 shows a five-year survival of over 30%.  Two of the more impressive clinical reports are a series from Manchester, England, 1 and a series from Toronto. 13 In Manchester, 822 patients seen between 1934 and 1956 had a relative five-year survival rate of 31%. (Relative survival rate is the ratio of the observed survival rate in a group of patients, during a specified interval, to the expected survival rate of the normal population of the same age, sex, and race. Since most patients with Hodgkin's disease are under 60 years of age, this correction
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Stent Placement via Gastrostomy: Technical Aspects and Clinical Application
Authors: W. H. Holderman, K. P. Etzkorn, J. M. Harig, J. L. Watkins
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Significant advances in the field of enteral nutrition (1), combined with technical advances in percutaneous access, have increased the indications for, and safety of, enteral alimentation (2). A mature gastrostomy stoma not only provides access to the gastrointestinal lumen for nutrition, but in selected cases, provides access for the diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopist. In 1971, Wiendl first reported diagnostic fiberoptic stomal endoscopy (3). This has since been followed by reports of diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (4), and more recently, the first case of therapeutic ERCP by Gray et al. (5). We report here on the second case of therapeutic ERCP in a patient with metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, with liver metastasis. We discuss the technical aspects, indications, and future of therapeutic stomal endoscopy.
Effect of isoliquiritigenin on viability and differentiated functions of human hepatocytes maintained on PEEK-WC–polyurethane membranes
Authors: Loredana De Bartolo, Sabrina Morelli, Maria Carmela Gallo, Carla Campana, Giancarlo Statti, Maria Rende, Simona Salerno, Enrico Drioli
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Regulation of Gene Expression
Authors: Nadia Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Genetics is a language with rules of composition that give the tissues of the body their special traits. These rules govern the activation of particular subgroups of genes, which determine not only the unique characteristics of a cell type but also whether it remains quiescent, divides, or dies. The timing of gene activation is very important. If genes are activated in the wrong order, a cell may miss a critical step in its development. Moreover, the expression of a gene at the wrong time in the cell's life cycle is a frequent misstep in the progression toward cancer. Understanding the . . .
A randomised trial investigating the dose intensity of primary chemotherapy in patients with ovarian carcinoma: A comparison of chemotherapy given every four weeks with the same chemotherapy given at three week intervals
Authors: E. Wrigley, A. Weaver, G. Jayson, M. Ranson, J. Renninson, J. Prendiville, M. Dobson, C.D. Collins, R. Swindell, C.H. Buckley, J.A. Radford, D. Crowther
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Hypermutability of Genes in Homo sapiens Due to the Hosting of Long Mono-SSR
Authors: E. Loire, F. Praz, D. Higuet, P. Netter, G. Achaz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are very common short repeats in eukaryotic genomes. "Long" SSRs are considered "hypermutable" sequences because they exhibit a high rate of expansion and contraction. Because they are potentially deleterious, long SSRs tend to be uncommon in coding sequences. However, several genes contain long SSRs in their exonic sequences. Here, we identify 1,291 human genes that host a mononucleotide SSR long enough to be prone to expansion or contraction, being called hypermutable hereafter. On the basis of Gene Ontology annotations, we show that only a restricted number of functions are overrepresented among those hypermutable genes including cell cycle and maintenance of DNA integrity. Using a probabilistic model, we show that genes involved in these functions are expected to host long SSRs because they tend to be long and/or are biased in nucleotide composition. Finally, we show that for almost all functions we observe fewer hypermutable sequences than expected under a neutral model. There are however interesting exceptions, for example, genes involved in protein and RNA transport, as well as meiosis and mismatch repair functions that have as many hypermutable genes as expected under neutrality. Conversely, there are functions (e.g., collagen-related genes) where hypermutable genes are more often avoided than in other functions. Our results show that, even though several functions harbor unusually long SSR in their exons, long SSRs are deleterious sequences in almost all functions and are removed by purifying selection. The strength of this purifying selection however greatly varies from function to function. We discuss possible explanations for this intriguing result.
Onset of pruritus relief with pimecrolimus cream 1% in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized trial
Authors: R. Kaufmann, T. Bieber, A. L. Helgesen, B. Lasthein Andersen, T. Luger, Y. Poulin, J. Al‐Hafidh, C. Paul
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel, Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG) effectively improves/relieves pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few data are available regarding the timing of relief. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing of pruritus relief produced with pimecrolimus in adults with mild/moderate AD and moderate/severe pruritus.Patients were randomized to 7 days of treatment with pimecrolimus (n = 100) or vehicle (n = 98). Pruritus severity was assessed daily on a 4-point scale (0 = absent, 3 = severe), reflecting the previous 24 h experience. Patients who completed this core study were eligible to enter a voluntary 5-week, open-label extension study.A significant effect was noted within 48 h of treatment, with pruritus improving in 56% of pimecrolimus-treated patients and 34% of vehicle-treated patients (P = 0.003). Pruritus relief was maintained during the remainder of the core and extension phases, and was accompanied by an improvement in the Investigator's Global Assessment score.Pimecrolimus cream 1% significantly reduced pruritus within 48 h.
Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Richard M. Watanabe, Mary Helen Black, Anny H. Xiang, Hooman Allayee, Jean M. Lawrence, Thomas A. Buchanan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Identifying genes underlying complex diseases hold the promise of new drug targets, improved interventions, and the advent of so-called “personalized medicine.” For almost 2 decades, investigators have attempted to identify genes underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but until recently were mostly unsuccessful. Improvements in genetic information and technology changed the landscape of complex disease genetics. Prior to 2006, only 3 genes were accepted as bonafide T2DM susceptibility genes and there were none for GDM. Currently, approximately 21 genes underlying susceptibility to T2DM and related traits have been identified. However, our knowledge of the genetics underlying GDM has lagged. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge as to the genetics of both GDM and T2DM, and related traits. The potential relationship between genes underlying these 2 forms of diabetes is discussed and some cautionary notes regarding interpretation of this wealth of genetic knowledge are offered.
Some Points in the Technique of the Lower Segment Caesarean Operation
Authors: B. Solomons
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Degeneration Followed by Infection.It is to be expected that a fibroid which has undergone degenerative changes would readily become infected, and this is a danger to keep in mind; but in this series I have Dnly one patient who had a rise of temperaturebefore operation.In this instance the fibroid had undergone red degeneration-a type which readily becomes infected.Probably the small incidelnce of this complication is due to the degeneration producing other symptoms which called for operation before the tumour had time to become infected.A.bsorption from Degenerated Fibroids.This is a very common occurrence.In this series I have three patients who were operated upon for this cause alone though no doubt many of the other patients were suffering from absorption in addition to the more urgent symptoms which called for operation.Each of these patients suffered in general health-loss of appetite and loss of.weight, and they were anaemic.All had degenerating fibroids and improved in general health after removal of these tumours.Ascites due to Galcareous Degeneration.This is a condition I have mi&et with occasionallv; and
Statins and Cancer — Beyond the “One Drug, One Disease” Model
Authors: Ernest Hawk, Jaye L. Viner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Colorectal cancer is a major health concern, with more than 1 million cases and half a million cancer-related deaths estimated worldwide in 2002.1 These statistics are sobering, considering that the availability of well-established screening and surgical techniques should make most cases preventable. Colorectal cancer typically develops over a period of 10 to 20 years, providing ample time for detection and surgical or medical intervention before it poses a clinical threat. To date, our best chemopreventive interventions have been identified by a convergence of data from at least three domains — observational, in vitro, and in vivo studies. The efficacy of . . .
The Effects of Intravenous Aminophylline upon the Coronary Blood-Oxygen Exchange
Authors: ELWOOD L. FOLTZ, ALAN RUBIN, WILLIAM A. STEIGER, PETER C. GAZES
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The effects of intravenous injections of aminophylline on the coronary blood flow, cardiac oxygen consumption, cardiac work, and cardiac rate were studied by catheterization of the right ventricle and coronary sinus in anesthetized dogs. There was no substantial increase in coronary flow when cardiac activity increased following injection of the drug; this suggested that the oxygenation of the myocardium in general was not improved. Further studies on coronary blood-oxygen saturations substantiated this concept as pertaining to the infarcted heart of dogs as well as the normal. Nitroglycerin however increased general myocardial oxygenation in normal hearts.
Randomization Should Be Disclosed to Potential Research Subjects
Authors: Ariella Binik, Mark Sheehan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments Ariella Binik's research is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford. Mark Sheehan's research is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford.
Staphylococcal endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibits response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and interferes with production of antibodies in mice.
Authors: S Valisena, P E Varaldo, G Satta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The effect of a bacteriolytic enzyme, the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase excreted by Staphylococcus aureus (SaG) on the response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and on the immune response in mice has been studied. SaG inhibited incorporation of [3H]thymidine into TCA-precipitable material by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated either by phytohemagglutinin or by concanavalin A, as well as formation of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-containing cells by B lymphocytes treated with pokeweed mitogen. In all cases the level of inhibition first increased with the SaG concentrations reaching values of over 80% at an enzyme concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, and then decreased. Heat-inactivated SaG as well as SaG treated with both polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies or enzyme inhibitors such as chitotriose or hydrolyzed peptidoglycan had no effect on lymphocyte response to mitogens. In mice, SaG at a dose of 300 micrograms per mouse was found to cause a fourfold decrease in the anti-BSA antibody titer and an approximately 70-75% reduction in the immunoglobulin-containing cells in the spleens of mice injected with sheep red blood cells. SaG also completely abolished the enhancing effect of adjuvants such as muramyldipeptide, Freund's complete adjuvant, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. When SaG was injected into mice together with S. aureus peptidoglycan hydrolyzed either by SaG or by human lysozyme, the inhibitory effect on both production of anti-BSA circulating antibodies and appearance of Igc cells in the spleens of mice injected with sheep red blood cells was enhanced. As we know that (a) human tissues contain endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases; (b) other human hexosaminidases (lysozymes) have previously been shown to interfere with the functions of immunocompetent cells; and (c) products of hexosaminidase hydrolysis of peptidoglycan (muropeptides) known to modulate immune response are ordinarily found in the urine of healthy persons, the possibility that hexosaminidases play a major role in the regulation of the immune response is raised and discussed.
Interstate Reciprocity in Licensing Physicians
Authors: C. Fred Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journalof October 15, p. 1397, is a communication headed, "Interstate Reciprocity in License to Practice," which is much overdrawn, although probably unintentionally. The writer appears to be much put out with present methods used in the examination and licensure of practitioners of 10 to 25 years' standing, and refers to this "tyranny against which the masses of the older practitioners should rise up." He also designates the trained modern graduate as one of "the inexperienced tyro and the compend brigade." If the doctor really wishes to change his location without an examination, it would be well for him to get the "Laws (abstract) Regulating Practice..." from the American Medical Association, and he will find that many of the states make provision for the old practitioner by reciprocating on the basis of his diploma alone, without the examination. However, if an examination appears necessary, I would suggest that
The Position of the Stomach in Healthy British and American Subjects
Authors: R. O. Moody
Journal: BMJ (1926)

A GOOD deal of discussion has recently taken place as to the liability of a simple gastric ulcer to become carciniomatous, and there is considerable difference of opinion as to the frequency of such an occurrence.The appearance of carcinoma in the case of a long-standing gastric ulcer would be in keeping with the now widely accepted fact that it is a frequent sequel of irritation in any form, and would be a development that might quite well be regarded as both possible and probable.In the same way, considering th' frequency with which gastric lesions are now treated by gastro-enterostomy, followed as this operationi must be by the presence of a certain amount of scar tissue (also a Favourahle nidus for the cancer process), it wvould niot be surpr-ising if such an artificial opening niighit, in the course af years, become the seat of carcinoma.Relative to these two points the following case, which was unlder my care at the Glasgow Royal Cancer Hospital, is of interest, and, I thiiik, has some bearing.A car-conductor, aged 52, married, was admitted on November 21st, 1921, suffering from a tumour of the stomach.The letter sent with the patient gave the information that he had been operated upon by Sir Kennedy Dalziel at the Western Infirmary Glasgow, in 1910, when gastro-enterostomy was performed.further stated that in 1920 he was readmitted there with a recurrence of gastric disturbance, and laparotomy was performed when it was found that there was a carcinomatous growth o the lesser curvature, stretching down the posterior wall and involving the new opening of the gastro-enterostomy.There were also secondary growths in the peritoneum beneath the left ribs.Under these conditions nothing further was donie, anid the wound was closed.When admitted to the Glasgow Royal Cancer Hospital he was in a very anaemio and emaciated condition, weighiing only 6 st. 11lb., his height being 5 ft. 2 in.The gastric tumour could be felt on palpation.The clinical history of the case while in the Cancer Hospital was somewhat uneventful, buit he had periodic attacks of gastric disturbance, with some vomiting and, at times diarrhoea.The matter vomited was chiefly the food that he bad taken.He got gradually weaker, and died on April 8th, 1922.Post-mortem Examination.The report of the post-mortem examination stated that g " The body was that of an extremely emaciated man.There was a
CDC's Hot Line: 'America Responds to AIDS'
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

MORE than 1 million people telephoned the CDC's National AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Hotline last year to have a frank talk about AIDS, and this year's caller total may be even higher. Vitally linked with the CDC's "America Responds to AIDS" campaign, the hot line seeks to enhance public understanding of the problem. The close ties between the two programs are underscored every time an "America Responds to AIDS" public service message receives air time on national television. Call volume increases dramatically, says Carol Humphries, National AIDS Hotline director. And when the national mailing of the "Understanding AIDS" pamphlet was in progress in June 1988, she says, calls surged to more than 200 000 in that 1 month. The hot line's toll-free numbers are printed or broadcast on all "America Responds to AIDS" materials, and numerous other groups and individuals have also distributed the telephone numbers in creative ways. For
Is tuberculosis taken seriously in the United Kingdom?
Authors: M. R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Tuberculosis has been the subject of much concern in recent years. Notifications have increased, inadequacies in surveillance revealed, and policies for BCG immunisation and screening of immigrants questioned. Until recently the disease was given low priority in the United Kingdom. There is no overall strategic framework for tackling tuberculosis, and fears have been expressed about the future of local tuberculosis control programmes in the new market economy of the NHS. An action plan for tuberculosis within the context of a national programme is urgently required. Only then will a major impact on the incidence of the disease be seen.
1069-117 Prognostic impact of catabolic/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure
Authors: Darlington O Okonko, Martino Crosato, Wolfram Steinborn, Stephan von Haehling, Mariantonietta Cicoira, Wolfram Doehner, Paul R Kalra, Phillip A Poole-Wilson, Stefan D Anker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)