tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Court Orders California Governor to Restore Antismoking Media Campaign Funding
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A CALIFORNIA Superior Court judge has ordered Governor Pete Wilson and Molly J. Coye, MD, MPH, director of the Department of Health Services, to restore the funding they recently slashed from California's widely acclaimed antismoking media campaign. In his verbal decision on April 24, Sacramento Superior Court Judge James Ford told Coye that neither she nor the governor has the authority to withhold $16 million mandated by law for antismoking television and print advertising. California's deputy attorney general, Eugene Hill, who argued the case for the governor and the Department of Health Services, says they must wait to see the judge's written ruling before deciding whether to appeal the decision. The lawsuit, which was brought by the American Lung Association of California, is the latest round in what is being described as an increasingly ugly political fight over cigarette tax revenues earmarked for antitobacco programs by California's Proposition 99. (See
New Jersey's Right-to-Die Cases: Round Three
Authors: MICHAEL A. NEVINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Editorials1 December 1987New Jersey's Right-to-Die Cases: Round ThreeMICHAEL A. NEVINS, M.D.MICHAEL A. NEVINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-6-927 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe question, when physicians are contemplating limitation of medical treatment for incurably ill patients, should be, what would the patient want? So said the New Jersey Supreme Court on 24 June 1987 in three decisions that broadened and consolidated its earlier landmark rulings in the cases of Karen Ann Quinlan (1976) and Claire Conroy (1985) (1). Then, as well as in the recent cases of Nancy Ellen Jobes, Hilda Peter, and Kathleen Farrell, the court did not advise whether life-supporting technology should be withdrawn, but rather, defined who may make such decisions and how they may be made. (Mrs. Jobes...References1. SULLIVAN J. Right of patients who wish to die widened in New Jersey. New York Times. 1987, June 25:1. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. NEVINS M. Big brother at the bedside. NJ Med. 1985;82:950-2. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. College's NJ chapter files brief in the Jobes case. ACP Observer. 1986;6(11):5-6. Google Scholar4. KATZ J. The Silent World of Doctor and Patient. New York: The Free Press; 1984. Google Scholar5. FLETCHER J. Medical resistance to the right to die. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35:679-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. THOMASMA D. Caveat philosophus: technology's abuse-potential in the decision to terminate life. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35:703-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Right to DieKenneth D. Grant, MD 1 December 1987Volume 107, Issue 6Page: 927-929 Issue Published: 1 December 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Contamination of blood cultures from a commercial beta-lactamase preparations.
Authors: R Lynn, S Eykyn
Journal: BMJ (1974)

tion that in their experience with this drug the blood pressure, once controlled, may remain within noTmal limits for up to a month after stopping treatment.We have recently observed the same phenomenon after discontinuing therapy with indoramin in hypertensive patients,' when no¢motension may continue for considerably longer than four weeks.Indoramin -also has adrenoceptor blocking activity,23 Since prolonged normotension is seen after discontinuing other antihypertensive agents however,4 this effect may well be due to a common mechanism such as "barostat" resetting5 rather than a direct action of the drugs themselves.This phenomenon conplicates the de- sign of clinical trials, as Drs.Stokes and Weber point out.It also suggests4 that morbidity due rto antihypertensive agents could frequently be avoided by stopping or reducing the dose of these drugs afiter long periods of s,atisfactory 'blood pressure control.-Weare, etc.,
AMPA Receptor-Dependent Clustering of Synaptic NMDA Receptors Is Mediated by Stargazin and NR2A/B in Spinal Neurons and Hippocampal Interneurons
Authors: Ruifa Mi, Gek-Ming Sia, Kenneth Rosen, Xiaopei Tang, Abhay Moghekar, John L. Black, Maureen McEnery, Richard L. Huganir, Richard J. O'Brien
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Preventive dentistry. II. Periodontal diseases, malocclusion, trauma, and oral cancer
Authors: J. C. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This is the second of two articles reviewing the recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force for interventions by physicians, nurses, and other clinicians to prevent the major oral diseases and conditions. Physicians and other health professionals should be aware of their many opportunities to assist in preventive oral health care and should take appropriate action in collaboration with the patient's dentist. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:421-425)
What is a Disease?
Authors: S. W. Macilwaine
Journal: BMJ (1900)

WFA ADSES J11~I703 markable euphoria or complacent optimism of his patient even when the subject of advanced general dropsy, and I should have added that my patient was always cheerful and contented, and did not appreciate the grave nature of his illness.In Sir William Gairdner's case the patient, aged 33, had suffered from some shortness of breath for twelve months; the pulse "was fairly characteristic of aortic regurgitation"; there was a remarkable tendency to muttering delirium, especially at night, with more or less albumen in the urine, and no definite dull area over the chest apart from the extension of the cardiac dulness.His case corresponds with min3 in the appearance of dropsy one week before,admission to hos- pital, and in the absence of other symptoms than shortness of breath and palpitation; in the absence of hvemoptysis, marked cyanosis.and of orthopncea until shortly before death; in well-marked increase of the transverse dulness of the heart, especially of that due to dilatation of the right ventricle, in high degree of general dropsy, enlargement of the liver, and moderate pule.rate (98 to I i6) until near the end.He describes the murmur as being extremely loud and all but continuous over the right ventricle." Over the aortic area V.S. and V.D. murmurs very much of the usual characters in aortic disease can still be separately distinguished ; but..... the loud, almost roaring, hollow murmurs heard midway be- tween the left nipple and the middle line are such as to con- fuse the ear as to the rhythm."It will thus be seen that with some minor points of differ- ence the correspondence between the symptoms in the two cases is remarkably close, the chief points to be borne in mind for the diagnosis of future cases of gradually-established communication between the aoTta and pulmonary artery being the gradual onset, with shoitness of breath, palpitation,
Prognostic Models for Older Adults—Reply
Authors: Lindsey C. Yourman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dilatory Effect of Furosemide on Rat Tracheal Arterioles and Venules
Authors: MICHEL R. CORBOZ, STEPHEN T. BALLARD, SARAH K. INGLIS, AUBREY E. TAYLOR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Furosemide pretreatment greatly reduces the severity of an asthmatic response to several types of bronchoconstrictor challenge. Indirect evidence suggests that furosemide exerts its protective effects by dilating the airway vasculature during thermal stress. To test the hypothesis that furosemide dilates airway microvessels, the tracheas of anesthetized rats were surgically exposed and continuously suffused with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate warmed to 37 ° C. Tracheal adventitial arterioles (13.0 to 41.0 μ m initial diameter, n = 47) and venules (50.0 to 99.0 μ m initial diameter, n = 46) were visualized with a videomicroscope, and vessel diameters were measured using videocalipers. When vessels were preconstricted with 10− 4 M phenylephrine, a selective α1-adrenergic agonist, and then treated with 10− 4 M furosemide, significant (p < 0.05) dilation was observed in both arterioles (from 64.6 to 79.5% of their initial diameter) and venules (from 52.1 to 65.4% of their initial diameter). When vessels were preconstricted with 10− 4 phenylephrine, after pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5.0 mg/kg), 10− 4 M furosemide significantly dilated arterioles (from 77.5 to 93.0% of their initial diameter) and venules (from 58.5 to 80.1% of their initial diameter). In vessels preconstricted with 10− 3 M l-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, addition of 10− 4 M furosemide to the suffusion still caused significant dilation in arterioles, from 77.4 to 88.8% of their initial diameter, and in venules from 79.5 to 86.7% of their initial diameter. These data confirm that furosemide, when applied topically, dilates tracheal arterioles and venules by cyclooxygenase- and nitric oxide- independent mechanisms.
Fetal loss treatment in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Authors: J Ordi, J Barquinero, M Vilardell, R Jordana, C Tolosa, A Selva, E Genover
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A group of seven young women with antiphospholipid antibodies, histories of recurrent fetal loss, and no live births is reported. Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus, and the other five fulfilled criteria for the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. A false Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test was present in four of the patients, three had a previous episode of arterial or venous thrombosis, or both, and two had thrombocytopenia. Prednisone and acetylsalicylic acid were given, and monthly controls of lupus anticoagulant activity were carried out. The dose of acetylsalicylic acid was fixed while the dose of steroids was adjusted according to the degree of lupus anticoagulant activity. A fetal survival was obtained in 7/9 (78%) of the pregnancies. Three of the newborn infants had transitory lupus anticoagulant activity. A search for antiphospholipid antibodies should be carried out in patients with otherwise unexplained fetal losses, falsely positive VDRL tests, thrombosis, or thrombocytopenia as the treatment of such patients with prednisone and acetylsalicylic acid is highly effective.
The Response of Patients with "Idiopathic" Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and "Allergic" Obstructive Bronchitis to Prednisone
Authors: RUSSELL C. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In a controlled study 18 patients with "idiopathic" obstructive lung disease and a long history of cigarette smoking and 14 with "allergic" obstructive bronchitis (bronchial asthma) were placed on ephedrine sulfate and isoproterenol aerosol. After 7 days prednisone was added. As a group, subjects with active "allergic" obstructive bronchitis showed significant improvement in ventilatory function after prednisone (P = 0.01). The overall response was also significantly greater in this group than in those with "idiopathic" obstructive lung disease after bronchodilators ( P = 0.05 ) and after prednisone ( P = 0.005 ). Although no overall improvement was noted in the "idiopathic" obstructive lung disease group after prednisone, 6 of the 18 subjects noted improvement in spirometrie values. Our data suggest that steroid responsiveness was associated with an atopic component in these individuals. There were no early complications from steroid therapy in any of the 32 subjects although follow-up studies showed exudative pericarditis in one individual who was maintained on low-dose prednisone and died 4 months after the study was completed. We believe that a brief trial of corticoids is justified in patients with clinically diagnosed "idiopathic" chronic obstructive lung disease if obstruction does not remit with conventional bronchodilators alone provided that frequent objective, as well as subjective, assessment is made.
The Timing of Specialist Evaluation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality
Authors: Kraig S. Kinchen, John Sadler, Nancy Fink, Ronald Brookmeyer, Michael J. Klag, Andrew S. Levey, Neil R. Powe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Care for chronic renal failure involves management of complications and preparation for possible dialysis. Patients often are not evaluated by nephrologists in a timely manner.To identify factors associated with late evaluation by a nephrologist and to assess whether late evaluation is associated with worse survival once patients develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD).National prospective cohort study.81 dialysis facilities throughout the United States.828 patients with new-onset ESRD.Time from first evaluation by a nephrologist to initiation of dialysis, classified as late (<4 months), intermediate (4 to 12 months), or early (>12 months); rate of death, from initiation of dialysis to an average of 2.2 years of follow-up; and demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics.After adjustment for potential confounders, late evaluation was more common among black men than white men (44.8% vs. 24.5%; P < 0.05), uninsured patients than insured patients (56.7% vs. 29.0%; P < 0.05) and patients with severe comorbid disease than those with mild comorbid disease (35.0% vs. 23.0%; P < 0.05). Compared with patients who had early evaluation, the risk for death was greater among patients evaluated late and was graded (hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 0.87 to 2.06] for patients with intermediate evaluation and 1.8 [CI, 1.21 to 2.61] for those with late evaluation) after adjustment for dialysis method, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. After additional adjustment for such factors as the presence and severity of comorbid conditions, the association remained graded (hazard ratio, 1.2 [CI, 0.73 to 1.82] for patients evaluated at an intermediate point and 1.6 [CI, 1.04 to 2.39] for those evaluated late).Late evaluation of patients with chronic renal failure by a nephrologist is associated with greater burden and severity of comorbid disease, black ethnicity, lack of health insurance, and shorter duration of survival.
Aerobic and Strength Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: SARAH BERNARD, FRANÇOIS WHITTOM, PIERRE LeBLANC, JEAN JOBIN, ROGER BELLEAU, CHANTAL BÉRUBÉ, GUY CARRIER, FRANÇOIS MALTAIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether strength training is a useful addition to aerobic training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Forty-five patients with moderate to severe COPD were randomized to 12 wk of aerobic training alone (AERO) or combined with strength training (AERO + ST). The AERO regimen consisted of three weekly 30-min exercise sessions on a calibrated ergocycle, and the ST regimen included three series of eight to 10 repetitions of four weight lifting exercises. Measurements of peripheral muscle strength, thigh muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) by computed tomographic scanning, maximal exercise capacity, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and quality of life with the chronic respiratory questionnaire were obtained at baseline and after training. Thirty-six patients completed the program and constituted the study group. The strength of the quadriceps femoris increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05), but the improvement was greater in the AERO + ST group (20 ± 12% versus 8 ± 10% [mean ± SD] in the AERO group, p < 0.005). The thigh MCSA and strength of the pectoralis major muscle increased in the AERO + ST group by 8 ± 13% and 15 ± 9%, respectively (p < 0.001), but not in the AERO group (3 ± 6% and 2 ± 10%, respectively, p > 0.05). These changes were significantly different in the two study groups (p < 0.01). The increase in strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle after training was modest and of similar magnitude for both groups. The changes in peak exercise work rate, 6MWD, and quality of life were comparable in the two groups. In conclusion, the addition of strength training to aerobic training in patients with COPD is associated with significantly greater increases in muscle strength and mass, but does not provide additional improvement in exercise capacity or quality of life.
AIR IS FOOD; NITROGEN.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Even if unproved nitrogen is in too large proportion in the air to be inactive. When a student I heard Profs. B. Silliman Sr., Josiah P. Cooke and R. E. Rogers teach that nitrogen was negative and useless, a diluent, and that all biologic researchers maintained this position. I could not, while respecting the dictum of these eminent men, assent to this, because nitrogen was four-fifths the bulk of air. It seemed to me that the chemists were like physicians who could not tell what was the matter, when it was patent to all that there was something wrong, and who must confess their inability in diagnosis. Since my pupilage I have eagerly watched for evidence to support my position, and have found some that I present hereunder. <h3>AIR is FOOD.</h3> This idea is over 3,000 years old. Air is indispensable to life. Eaten twenty times a minute during life.
GMC drops charges against two GPs who signed Shipman's forms
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Two doctors who counter-signed cremation forms for patients murdered by Harold Shipman have had charges against them dropped by the General Medical Council. The GMC's fitness to practise panel ruled that it lacked sufficient evidence to find Dr Peter Bennett and Dr Rajesh Patel guilty of serious professional misconduct.

Three other GPs accused in the case, Jeremy Dirckze, …
On Opium, As a Remedy for the Effects of Uterine Haemorrhage
Authors: T. Dorrington
Journal: BMJ (1844)

to the Manchester and Salford Lying-in Hospital.(Concluded from p. 17.) "Opiutn acts as a cordial, lulling the irritability of the patietit, and producing a sleep, or at any rate, a com- posing stupor;" and again, " I strongly recoinnmend opiumin in large doses, and in the solid foam, in those cases of irritability produced by a loss of blood whiicl hlad previously taken place; but that only when the uterus is contracted, anid the danger froin flooding is past."Now his objections, if based on facts, wouild
Connecting to Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Howard Koh, Marilyn Tavenner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enteropathogens and Chronic Illness in Returning Travelers
Authors: Allen G.P. Ross, G. Richard Olds, Allan W. Cripps, Jeremy J. Farrar, Donald P. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

In 2011, approximately 980 million people traveled internationally.1 More than 522 million people from developed countries traveled overseas; an estimated 50 million to 100 million people traveled to developing countries.1-4 In 2007, the U.S. Department of Commerce estimated that at least 30 million Americans traveled to developing regions.4 Approximately 8% of travelers to the developing world require medical care during or after travel, and more than a quarter of those who seek medical assistance present with gastrointestinal symptoms.5-7 Although diarrhea occurs in up to 50% of people who travel to a developing country, it is only one of a number of infectious gastrointestinal illnesses that travelers may acquire.8-10 The broad spectrum of infectious gastrointestinal pathogens causing chronic illness in travelers, apart from travelers’ diarrhea,7,11,12 has not been well characterized.
A recent study analyzed data from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network (which consists of 42 specialized travel or tropical-medicine sites located around the world) on 25,867 returned travelers over a 9-year period (from 1996 to 2005).9 The analysis was performed on data from travelers who sought medical attention and not on the overall rates of gastrointestinal illness acquired during travel. The data showed that microbiologically confirmed gastrointestinal disease was diagnosed in approximately 30% (7442) of the travelers. Of the 2902 clinically significant pathogens that were isolated, approximately 65% were parasitic, 31% bacterial, and 3% viral. Six organisms (giardia, campylobacter, Entamoeba histolytica, shigella, strongyloides, and salmonella species) accounted for 70% of the gastrointestinal burden (Fig. 1). There were no diagnostic codes specifically for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, the most frequent cause of travelers’ diarrhea, or other commonly described pathogens, such as enteroaggregative E. coli, aeromonas, or plesiomonas.9 Coccidian parasites such as cyclospora, cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora are increasingly recognized as causes of travelers’ diarrhea, but their percentages may have been underestimated in the GeoSentinel survey, since the diagnosis of these organisms requires specific staining techniques that are not routine in many laboratories.9 Similarly, viral pathogens, such as rotavirus and norovirus, are not routinely tested for at health centers, and their percentages could have been underestimated; however, these agents usually cause a short-term illness that typically resolves before travelers seek medical attention.9 The purpose of this review is to examine these enteropathogens that cause chronic and severe illness, as well as schistosoma (also known as the blood fluke, or bilharzia), which causes schistosomiasis, a common intravascular infection that is an increasingly recognized risk to travelers.13-15