tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poverty, wealth, and health, or getting the dosage right.
Authors: L Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Shortly before the second World War, when visiting Whipsnade Zoo, I was given a brochure full of facts and figures.From it I learnt that the big elephant which gives rides to children was then earning at the rate of £600 pa.This fact struck me with peculiar force because £600 pa happened to be the exact salary I was myself receiving as Director of Studies for the University of London Tutorial Classes Committee....I found myself wondering what other occupations stood on the same rung of the ladder as the elephant and myself, which would be above and which below, and why."With these words Barbara Wootton opens her remarkable book The Social Foundations of Wages Policy.1 In this she shows that wages, salaries, and incomes are not determined by immutable economic laws but by a combination of history and custom and power and public acceptability.It follows from this that poverty and wealth are not conditions ordained by natur but are produced by human action; in practice we are continually varying incomes, though in doing so we make use of relatively imprecise guidelines.My interest in wages, salaries, and incomes springs primarily from an interest in preventive medicine and epidemiology.In these disciplines we may well find objective measurements which are more likely to help the politicians and civil servants who control our affairs than theoretical measurements drawn from conventional economics.Money is a social enzyme, an excellent medicine but not a cure-all.Properly used it can make men work and encourage them to perform miracles.Channelled in the right directions and in the right amounts it can cure unemployment, irrigate deserts, clear slums, create new towns and cities, universities, and hospitals.But experience in Britain has recently shown that overdosage produces iatrogenic disorder and alarming side effects.
Coadministration of Atorvastatin Prevents Nitroglycerin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Nitrate Tolerance in Healthy Humans
Authors: Andrew Liuni, Mary Clare Luca, Giuseppe Di Stolfo, Amar Uxa, Justin A. Mariani, Tommaso Gori, John D. Parker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Interests of charities: Arthritis care sets facts straight
Authors: W. Butler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—We acknowledge Hirst's genuine concern about the relation between medical charities and pharmaceutical companies,1 but we here address some important factual inaccuracies in her letter.

Firstly, in 2002 Arthritis Care launched an information campaign to promote the government's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors, which were found to hold potential benefits for some people with arthritis. …
Risk of cancer, dysplasia for DES daughters found 'very low'
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alexithymia and Interpersonal Problems
Authors: Carsten Spitzer, Ute Siebel-Jürges, Sven Barnow, Hans Joergen Grabe, Harald J. Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Interpersonal relationships are substantially codetermined by nonverbal communication, e.g. facial affect. Given the deficits of nonverbal affect recognition and expression in alexithymia, we hypothesized that alexithymics had more interpersonal problems than nonalexithymic individuals, and that the various facets of the alexithymia construct are differentially related to interpersonal problems.149 subjects participating in an inpatient group psychotherapy program completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-C) at the beginning of the treatment. The IIP-C was also administered to a subgroup at the end of the treatment.Based on the alexithymia scores, patients were classified as low- (TAS-20 score </=51), moderate- or high-alexithymic (TAS-20 score >/=61). High-alexithymic patients had significantly more interpersonal problems than low alexithymics, particularly in the IIP-C scales indicating hostility and social avoidance. The TAS-20 subscale difficulty describing feelings showed the highest correlations with interpersonal problems (r between 0.23 and 0.55). At the end of the treatment, the high alexithymics still scored highest on the IIP-C, but the magnitude of change in interpersonal problems did not differ across the groups.Our findings suggest that the interpersonal style of alexithymic individuals is characterized by a cold and socially avoidant behavior, corresponding to the predominantly insecure attachment pattern found in alexithymia. Additionally, our results indicate that group psychotherapy is as helpful for alexithymic as for nonalexithymic subjects with respect to interpersonal problems. Finally, we propose that alexithymia involves a reduced capacity to use social interactions for affect regulation.
Proteasome-Mediated Destruction of the Cyclin A/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Complex Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b>
Authors: Wei Chen, Jeongwu Lee, Steve Y. Cho, Howard A. Fine
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) represent potentially promising molecular targets for cancer therapeutic strategies. To evaluate the antitumor activity of selective cyclin/cdk inhibition, we constructed a chimeric protein composed of a F-box protein (TrCP) fused to a peptide comprising the cyclin/cdk2 binding motif in p21-like cdk inhibitors (TrCP-LFG). We now demonstrate that endogenous cyclin A and its binding substrate, cdk2, can be tethered to beta-TrCP, ubiquitinated, and effectively degraded. Degradation of cdk2 and cyclin A together, but not cdk2 alone, results in massive tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in a proteasome-dependent manner with no toxicity to normal tissue. These data demonstrate that cyclin A and/or the cyclin A/cdk2 complex is a promising anticancer target with a high therapeutic index.
Endocardial Fibroelastosis: A Factor in Heart Disease of Obscure Etiology
Authors: Wilbur A. Thomas, Raymond V. Randall, Edward F. Bland, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

EXTRAORDINARY advances have been made in the last fifty years in the diagnosis and classification of diseases of the heart. However, a small group difficult to fit into any well defined category remains, and each year scattered reports of isolated cases of obscure etiology appear.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 These cases are often from special institutions restricted in age and sex distribution (such as children's and veterans' hospitals), and since the available material is at best diffuse and difficult to assemble, we have reviewed the total experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the past twenty-five years (10,000 autopsies) on heart disease of obscure . . .
The OPCML Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Cell Surface Repressor–Adaptor, Negatively Regulating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Arthur B. McKie, Sebastian Vaughan, Elisa Zanini, Imoh S. Okon, Louay Louis, Camila de Sousa, Mark I. Greene, Qiang Wang, Roshan Agarwal, Dmitry Shaposhnikov, Joshua L. C. Wong, Hatice Gungor, Szymon Janczar, Mona El-Bahrawy, Eric W-F. Lam, Naomi E. Chayen, Hani Gabra
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and its molecular basis is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that opioid binding protein cell adhesion molecule (OPCML) was frequently epigenetically inactivated in epithelial ovarian cancers, with tumor suppressor function in vitro and in vivo. Here, we further show the clinical relevance of OPCML and demonstrate that OPCML functions by a novel mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells by regulating a specific repertoire of receptor tyrosine kinases: EPHA2, FGFR1, FGFR3, HER2, and HER4. OPCML negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by binding their extracellular domains, altering trafficking via nonclathrin-dependent endocytosis, and promoting their degradation via a polyubiquitination-associated proteasomal mechanism leading to signaling and growth inhibition. Exogenous recombinant OPCML domain 1–3 protein inhibited the cell growth of epithelial ovarian cancers cell in vitro and in vivo in 2 murine ovarian cancer intraperitoneal models that used an identical mechanism. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of OPCML-mediated tumor suppression and provide a proof-of-concept for recombinant OPCML protein therapy in epithelial ovarian cancers. Significance: The OPCML tumor suppressor negatively regulates a specific spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer cells by binding to their extracellular domain and altering trafficking to a nonclathrin, caveolin-1–associated endosomal pathway that results in receptor tyrosine kinase polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Recombinant OPCML domain 1–3 recapitulates this mechanism and may allow for the implementation of an extracellular tumor-suppressor replacement strategy. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 156–71. © 2012 AACR. Read the Commentary on this article by Wu and Sood, p. 115. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 95.
583 Safety of peginterferon α-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) [PEG-IFNα-2a (40KD)] plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®) among pegylated interferon α-2b (12KD)/ribavirin non-responders: Interim analysis of the repeat study
Authors: D. Jensen, F. Andreone, Y. Benhamou, Y. Horsmans, M. Diago, A. Olveira Martins, G. Teuber, D. Rincon, F. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Diseases of the Ear
Authors: Robert W. Cantrell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the 50s, when otolaryngology was at a low ebb as a specialty, otology was the one area that revitalized the field. There was rapid proliferation of surgical techniques and procedures. Stuart Mawson wrote the first edition of this book in 1963, at which time new otological operations seemed to be appearing at each medical meeting. Since then the wave of new surgical procedures has crested. Techniques have been refined, but there has been nothing like the fenestration of Lempert and Sourdille, the tympanoplasty of Zöllner and Wullstein, or the stapedectomy of Shea. Now, while the otological surgeons catch their breath, the less heralded but equally important otological basic scientists in audiology, histology, physiology, and biochemistry are making steady gains. Mawson points this out in his preface and attempts to incorporate these newer advances without altering the previous excellent text. The drawings, superb supplements to the text, are simple line
Reversal of B-cell hyperactivation and functional impairment is associated with HBsAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Xiangsheng Xu, Qinghua Shang, Xinyue Chen, Weimin Nie, Zhengsheng Zou, Ang Huang, Ming Meng, Lei Jin, Ruonan Xu, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Junliang Fu, Lifeng Wang, Zirong Tang, Yunbo Xie, Xiaoming Yang, Zheng Zhang, Fu-Sheng Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND BIOMARKER PHENOTYPE OF HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION (HFPEF) IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS IN COMPARISON TO HYPERTENSION WITHOUT HEART FAILURE (HTN), ELDERLY WITH RISK FACTORS, AND HEALTHY AGING. IMPORTANCE OF MYOCYTE INJURY, FIBROSIS, LV HYPERTROPHY, AND DIASTOLIC LOAD
Authors: John S. Gottdiener, Traci Bartz, Christopher DeFilippi, Willem Kop, Dalane Kitzman, Eddy Barasch, Stephen Seliger, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Making It in Medical School
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A physician recently remarked that he was puzzled because few of his colleagues seemed willing to acknowledge that they enjoyed their work, while he, on the other hand, relished it. He said that hospital cafeteria conversations between physicians more frequently focused on the shortcomings rather than the satisfactions of medical practice. He concluded that since medicine was a prized and noble vocation, many physicians obviously did enjoy it, but for some reason they were reluctant to admit it. Perhaps some of the answers to his puzzlement lie in the personality types attracted to medicine, those selected by entrance committees, or the educational process by which students are transformed into physicians. Part of this change is outlined in a book with the ambiguous title,<i>Making It in Medical School</i>. This book with chapters and subheadings from fairy tales is written not by a medical student as might be expected (perhaps they
Nerve Root Compression and Night Cramps
Authors: B. L. Rish
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Dr Sugar's delineation of nerve root compression secondary to lumbar spondylosis as a "cause of night cramps." I do not think that Dr Cutler's reply took proper account of Dr Sugar's extensive and reliable professional experience. In my 15 years of experience, seeing over 1,500 patients with lumbar disk disease and spondylosis, I have found night cramps to be a very common problem. Twenty percent to 30% of my patients complain of night cramps in the lower aspect of the leg appropriate to the compressed nerve root: L5, anterior compartment; S1, posterior compartment. This complaint may persist despite definite surgical decompression, medication, physical therapy, and education. In the past decade, it has become more evident that nerve root compression and irritation frequently cause a loss of balance among the sensory, motor, sympathetic, and gamma system functional components of a nerve. Other clinical examples
Practical Occupational Medicine
Authors: P. Aston
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Occupational medicine is an important part of general practice, but it is often inadequately covered at undergraduate level and rarely included in general practice vocational training schemes. Practical Occupational Medicine provides a much needed guide to a neglected aspect of medical education.

Informative and easy to read, the book contains many commonsense examples of when lateral thinking is required to establish a diagnosis and emphasises the importance of looking carefully into a …
The Worst Histologic Elements Predict Prognosis in Moderately-Differentiated Prostate Cancer Patients with Androgen-Withdrawal Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Mitsunobu Masuda, Masayuki Iki, Sumio Noguchi, KunihisaMikata Mikata, Yoshinobu Kubota, Masaoki Harada, Masahiko Hosaka
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Myoclonus associated with high doses of morphine: Authors' reply
Authors: J. M Potter, D. B Reid, R. J Shaw, P. E Hickman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

together with doxepin and amitriptyline under the heading antipsychotics, whereas the (largely D2) dopamine receptor blocking drugs thiethylperazine, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and domperidone appear under a separate heading of antinauseant drugs.This does not make pharmacological sense.As I see it, the point of this study is not that eight of 13 patients with side effects were taking antipsychotics and six of 13 were taking antiemetics, but rather that 12 of 12 patients with involuntary movements were taking dopamine receptor blocking drugs, which, unlike morphine, are widely recognised as a frequent cause of a wide variety of involuntary movements, including myoclonus.2Rather than concluding that "myoclonus as a side effect of treatment with morphine is more likely to occur in patients taking antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs as antiemetics or as adjuvant agents," I would pose the question, Does morphine treatment increase the likelihood of neuroleptics causing certain involuntary movements?
Late onset spondyloarthropathy: comparison with early onset patients
Authors: L J KAY, D J WALKER;, J M LE PARC, F TUBACH, D CAPLANNE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

We read with interest the article by Caplanne and colleagues1 and note the association between psoriasis and spondyloarthropathy in three of their eight cases. We have reviewed our series of 228 cases of psoriasis and inflammatory arthritis. Forty five patients (20 female) had spondyloarthropathy according to the Amor criteria.2 Five of 45 (three female) had their first symptoms at the age of 55 or older according to patient recall and case note review.

The older onset spondyloarthropathy group had a higher rate of cervical spine involvement than those with younger onset (χ2=4.73, p=0.0296) in agreement with Caplanne et al, but we were unable to demonstrate higher rates of thoracic spine involvement (p=0.852), shoulder involvement3(p=1.000) or chest wall arthritis (p=0.847). All five …
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF GALL-BLADDER INFECTIONS IN TYPHOID, CHOLERA, AND DYSENTERY
Authors: Henry J. Nichols
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. The theory of the production of gall-bladder lesions in typhoid, by descending infection of the bile from the liver receives support from investigations with the common duct fistula method in the rabbit. More bacilli appear in the bile with increased doses and more gall-bladder infections are obtained by increased doses. More bacilli appear in the bile after mesenteric vein injection than after ear vein injection and more lesions result under the first condition. More bacilli appear in the bile after injection of the same dose in immunized animals than in normal animals and more lesions also result in immunized animals. In cholera and dysentery the same mechanism is suggested with the additional factor of a portal system septicemia. 2. After the appearance of microorganisms in rabbit bile, their fate is apparently largely determined by the antiseptic properties of the bile. 100 per cent infections cannot be secured by intravenous doses large enough to insure the presence of microorganisms in the bile. Rabbit bile in vitro may be antiseptic to the microorganisms considered. The antiseptic action is largely due to its alkalinity. It is apparently possible to protect the rabbit to some degree against gall-bladder infection by a previous injection of sodium bicarbonate. 3. Alkaline therapy is suggested in the prevention and cure of gall-bladder carriers.
Glycan‐based high‐affinity ligands for toxins and pathogen receptors
Authors: Ashish A. Kulkarni, Alison A. Weiss, Suri S. Iyer
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Abstract Glycans decorate over 95% of the mammalian cell surface in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Several toxins and pathogens bind to these glycans to enter the cells. Understanding the fundamentals of the complex interplay between microbial pathogens and their glycan receptors at the molecular level could lead to the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics. Using Shiga toxin and influenza virus as examples, we describe the complex biological interface between host glycans and these infectious agents, and recent strategies to develop glycan‐based high‐affinity ligands. These molecules are expected to ultimately be incorporated into diagnostics and therapeutics, and can be used as probes to study important biological processes. Additionally, by focusing on the specific glycans that microbial pathogens target, we can begin to decipher the “glycocode” and how these glycans participate in normal and aberrant cellular communication. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 327–393, 2010
Thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with lupus anticoagulant: Requirement of both immunosuppressive and antithrombotic therapies
Authors: Yoshihito Iwahara, Kenji Niiya, Kenji Yamato, Lsao Miyoshi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A 33 year old woman with severe thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by typical lupus anticoagulant developed repeated spontaneous abortion, deep venous thrombosis, and cerebral thrombosis. The platelet count fluctuated from 4,000 to 400,000/mm 3 during the 13 year clinical course. The physical and laboratory findings at the time of severe thrombocytopenic purpure were compatible with the criteria of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura except for positive lupus anticoagulant. Both immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and antithrombotic therapy with warfarin and aspirin were necessary for the control of bleeding and venous and arterial thrombosis.
Effects of Hyperthermia and Antibacterial Agents on Tubercle Bacilli
Authors: J. Marks
Journal: BMJ (1951)

A case of perforation of the small intestine resulting from one of three argentaffin tumours of the ileum is described.Treatment was by excision of all three, restora- tion of the continuity of the gut, and closure of the abdo- men without drainage after liberal application of sulphanilamide powder to the operation sites.The patient recovered uneventfully.We are indebted to Mr.
Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea. XVI. Selective targetting of Shiga toxin to villus cells of rabbit jejunum explains the effect of the toxin on intestinal electrolyte transport.
Authors: G Kandel, A Donohue-Rolfe, M Donowitz, G T Keusch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To examine the mechanism by which Shiga toxin alters intestinal water and electrolyte transport, ligated loops of rabbit jejunum were incubated in vivo with purified toxin and then studied in vivo by single pass perfusion and in vitro by the Ussing chamber voltage-clamp technique. Toxin exposure led to accumulation of water in the jejunal lumen, associated with decreased active basal NaCl absorption. Glucose- and alanine-stimulated Na absorption were also reduced, while toxin had no effect on either basal short-circuit current or the secretory response to theophylline. These observations suggest that Shiga toxin selectively inhibits NaCl absorption without significantly altering active anion secretion. To localize the cellular site of toxin action, populations of villus and crypt cells from rabbit jejunum were isolated and studied. Villus cells had a greater content of the glycolipid Shiga toxin receptor, Gb3, had more toxin binding sites than did crypt cells, and were much more sensitive than crypt cells to toxin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. These experiments demonstrate that purified Shiga toxin inhibits jejunal fluid absorption without affecting active fluid secretion by a preferential effect on villus cells. The results suggest that this is due to the differential distribution of toxin receptors on villus compared to crypt cells.