tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Vascular Prosthesis Impregnated With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Sachiko Kanki-Horimoto, Hitoshi Horimoto, Shigetoshi Mieno, Kenji Kishida, Fusao Watanabe, Eisuke Furuya, Takahiro Katsumata
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Endothelial dysfunction is known to exaggerate coronary artery disease, sometimes leading to irreversible myocardial damage. In such cases, repetitive coronary revascularization including coronary artery bypass grafting is needed, which may cause a shortage of graft conduits. On the other hand, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an attractive target of cardiovascular gene therapy. The vascular prostheses, of which the inner surfaces are covered with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing eNOS, are expected to offer feasible effects of NO and angiogenic effects of MSCs on the native coronary arterial beds, as well as improvement of self-patency. Herein, we attempted to develop small caliber vascular prostheses generating the bioactive proteins. Also, we attempted to transduce eNOS cDNA into MSCs. Methods and Results— The MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and transduced with each adenovirus harboring rat eNOS cDNA and β-galactosidase (β-gal) (eNOS/MSCs and β-gal/MSCs). The β-gal/MSCs were impregnated into vascular prostheses, then the expressions of β-gal on the inner surfaces of them were evaluated by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β- d -galactoside staining. The NOS activity of eNOS/MSCs was assayed by monitoring the conversion of 3 H-arginine to 3 H-citrulline. The inner surfaces of the vascular prostheses were covered with MSCs expressing β-gal. The amount of the 3 H-citrulline increased, and eNOS/MSCs were determined to generate enzymatic activity of eNOS. This activity was completely inhibited by N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester. Conclusions— The inner surface of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses seeded with lacZ gene-transduced MSCs exhibited recombinant proteins. Development of eNOS/MSC-seeded vascular prostheses would promise much longer graft patency and vasculoprotective effects.
Aid often helps richer people in poor countries, World Bank says
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new World Bank survey has found that healthcare, nutrition, and population programmes in developing countries often fail to reach the poorest people. It says strategies that deliver better results are urgently needed.

Drawing on 12 case studies in 11 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the report found that the richest 20% of the population received more than the poorest 20%–or as much as the poorest 20% in the case of government subsidised services for mothers and children.

The report says this discrepancy must be addressed, but it also cautions that a search for a few universal optimal strategies “could well turn out to be …
Risk of electrocoagulation syndrome after endoscopic submucosal dissection in the colon and rectum
Authors: Dahyun Jung, Young Youn, Jaehoon Jahng, Jie-Hyun Kim, Hyojin Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The risk of post endoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome (PEECS) is unknown. We aimed to investigate the incidence and clinicopathologic risk factors associated with PEECS after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).All patients treated with colorectal ESD between 2009 and 2011 by a single expert ESD endoscopist at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea were included in this retrospective study. Patients who had fever, regional rebound tenderness, or marked leukocytosis after ESD were defined as having PEECS.89 patients were treated during the study period. Six patients with microperforation and one patient with overt perforation were excluded. Thus, 82 cases without perforation were analyzed. The risk of PEECS was 40.2 %. In the PEECS group, the mean size of resected specimens was larger and mean procedure time was longer than in the patients without PEECS. The risk of PEECS was significantly lower for patients with carcinoid tumors, and for ESD in the rectosigmoid area. Piecemeal resection was significantly associated with the development of PEECS. In multivariate analysis, lesion size larger than 3 cm (odds ratio [OR] 5.0, 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI] 1.2 - 21.7) and site other than rectosigmoid (OR 7.6, 95 %CI 2.1 - 27.9) were independent risk factors for PEECS.Large tumor size and tumor site other than rectosigmoid were independent risk factors related to PEECS. Patients with tumors larger than 3 cm, in colon areas other than the rectosigmoid, should be observed carefully after colorectal ESD.
Expression of complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 on tumor cells does not predict clinical outcome after rituximab treatment in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Wen-Kai Weng, Ronald Levy
Journal: Blood (2001)

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets B-cell–specific antigen CD20 and an effective treatment for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although it is readily used in clinical practice, the exact mechanism of its antitumor effect is unclear. One potential mechanism involves complement-mediated cytotoxicity. It has been shown that rituximab induces complement-mediated cytotoxicity in follicular lymphoma cells in vitro, and complement inhibitors CD55 and CD59 may regulate this process. To determine whether complement inhibitors play a role in regulating the antitumor effect of rituximab, the expression of complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 was analyzed in pretreatment tumor cells from 29 rituximab-treated follicular lymphoma patients. Among them, 8 patients achieved complete responses, 11 patients achieved partial responses, and 10 patients showed no or minimal responses to rituximab treatment. Expression of surface CD20, CD46, CD55, and CD59 was determined by 2-color flow cytometry. Although the CD59 level was slightly lower in the complete response group, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of individual complement inhibitor CD46 (mean channel fluorescence [MCF]: NR, 26.4; PR, 21.9; CR, 29.9), CD55 (MCF: NR, 16.4; PR, 14.9; CR, 23.2), or CD59 (MCF: NR, 41.6; PR, 40.6; CR, 30.6), the combination of any 2 inhibitors, or all 3 on tumor cells from 3 response groups. In addition, there was no difference in the rituximab-induced complement-mediated cytotoxicity in an in vitro assay using tumor cells from 3 response groups. Thus, CD46, CD55, and CD59 expression on pretreatment tumor cells, or their susceptibility to in vitro complement-mediated killing, does not predict clinical outcome after rituximab treatment.
In Vivo Fibrinolytic Activity and Pharmacology of Various Plasmin (Fibrinolysin) Preparations
Authors: N. BACK, J. L. AMBRUS, S. GOLDSTEIN, J. W. E. HARRISSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

A quantitative method based on the disappearance of I 131 labeled fibrin has been used to study the in vivo effect of fibrinolytic agents. Various preparations of human and bovine plasmin were found to lyse clots effectively. The minimal effective dose of human plasmin prepared by the method of Kline was 15 Loomis units/Kg. Plasmin preparations given intravenously produced hypotension and leukopenia followed by leukocytosis. Doses above 30 Loomis units/Kg. caused decrease in fibrinogen level and clotting index.
Sanitary Condition of Los Angeles.
Authors: J. H. Davisson
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In response to your editorial entitled "The Sanitary Condition of Los Angeles" (Sept. 28), pardon me for a statement of the facts. "The paragraph by a local paper" is simply claptrap, which grew out of a heated newspaper contest prior to the sewer bond election, as the figures will demonstrate. Los Angeles, with a population of 80,000 inhabitants in 1888, had a death-rate of 8.50 per 1,000. The death-rate for the current year is 8.89 per 1,000 inhabitants per annum. These figures include "95 deaths from consumption from foreign states"<sup>1</sup>for last year, with even a larger proportion for the present year. These figures also include the deaths of the Los Angeles County Hospital (located in the city), which is no less than an interstate and international hospital as well. I voted for the bonds, but knowing the figures and the facts, I am constrained to
Renal-specific oxidoreductase biphasic expression under high glucose ambience during fetal versus neonatal development
Authors: Yashpal S. Kanwar, Shigeru Akagi, Baibaswata Nayak, L.I.N. Sun, J.U.N. Wada, Ping Xie, Arun Thakur, Sumant S. Chugh, Farhad R. Danesh
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF A NOVEL PACLITAXEL MICROCRYSTALLINE BALLOON COATING IN THE ILIOFEMORAL TERRITORY OF SWINE
Authors: Piotr P. Buszman, Krzysztof Milewski, Michal Jelonek, Jacek Pająk, Paweł Gąsior, Agata Krauze, Beata Gwiazdowska–Nowotka, Armando Tellez, Juan Granada, Pawel Buszman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Regional Blood Flow and Reflux Gastritis in the Resected Stomach
Authors: K. Johansson
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used for endoscopic measurement of regional blood flow in 20 patients who had undergone previous gastric resection for peptic ulcer. Twenty-five patients with intact stomach and normal endoscopic findings were used as controls. In resected patients, the degree of enterogastric reflux gastritis was assessed by subjective grading and by morphological examination of biopsies from the region of the gastroenterostomy. In patients with an intact stomach, the average blood flow was significantly higher in the body of the stomach compared to the antrum (p < 0.001), without any significant differences between the greater and lesser curvature. In resected patients, the average blood flow in the gastric body remnant was markedly higher than in the region of the gastroenterostomy, but also significantly higher than the corresponding area of the gastric body in patients with an intact stomach (p < 0.01). The degree of gastritis in the region of the stoma of resected patients was often overestimated on subjective endoscopic assessments compared to morphological biopsy examinations. The degree of histological gastritis was not significantly correlated to blood flow levels of the gastroenterostomy. It is concluded that low gastric wall perfusion, impeding mucosal defense, does not seem to be a major factor in the development of enterogastric reflux gastritis in the resected stomach.
Preliminary Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial of an Online Psychological Intervention to Reduce Distress in Men Treated for Localised Prostate Cancer
Authors: Addie C. Wootten, Jo-Anne M. Abbott, Denny Meyer, Katherine Chisholm, David W. Austin, Britt Klein, Marita McCabe, Declan G. Murphy, Anthony J. Costello
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Guidelines for the Use of Thrombolytic Agents
Authors: William R. Bell, Allen G. Meek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

TWO agents that induce thrombolytic activity have recently been approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration: streptokinase (marketed as Streptase by Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Somerville, NJ, and as Kabikinase by Kabi Group, Greenwich, CT) and urokinase (marketed as Abbokinase by Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL).1 These drugs activate plasminogen and thus cause the formation of the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. (Other agents with the potential for activating the human fibrinolytic system include Thrombolysin and Actase. These drugs are mixtures of streptokinase, plasminogen, activator complex, and plasmin and have not been subjected to controlled trials in thromboembolic disease.) Clinical studies . . .
Splenic abscess and sickle cell disease
Authors: Ahmed H. Al-Salem, Syed Qaisaruddin, Ali Al Jam'a, Jaffar Al-Kalaf, Ali M. El-Bashier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

This is a report of our experience with 10 cases of splenic abscess in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). All presented with fever and abdominal pain and were found to have a tender enlarged spleen. Two were found to have a ruptured spleen and five of them were septicemic on presentation. Although both ultrasound and CT-scan of the abdomen were of diagnostic value, we found CT-scan more accurate and reliable in the diagnosis of splenic abscess. Ultrasound and/or CT-scan should be used routinely in the evaluation of SCD patients who present with fever and abdominal pain, especially if they have a tender enlarged spleen. Diagnostic aspiration under CT-scan or ultrasound guidance should be used in doubtful cases to differentiate between splenic abscess and a large splenic infarct. All our patients were managed by peri operative antibiotics and splenectomy with no mortality. Salmonella was the commonest causative organism. Although CT-guided aspiration of splenic abscess is being advocated recently, we feel splenectomy should be the treatment of choice in patients with SCD as there is no point in preserving a non-functioning spleen that is present in the majority of patients. CT-guided aspiration may be employed as a temporary measure for those patients who are at high surgical risk with unilocular abscess.
EVIDENCE OF THE ANAPHYLACTIC CHARACTER OF INTERMITTENT HYDRARTHROSIS
Authors: JOSEPH L. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Intermittent hydrarthrosis can be classed as one of the rare diseases. It was first described by Moore,<sup>1</sup>in 1864. Only seventy-eight cases have been reported. Bierring<sup>2</sup>recently reported finding seventy-six cases in the literature, to which he added one, and since then Nielson<sup>3</sup>has reported an additional case. Little is known of its etiology. It has been customary to divide the cases into two groups, idiopathic and symptomatic. The latter type is associated with, or follows, some joint disturbance, especially acute or chronic arthritis, occasionally trauma. Schlesinger,<sup>4</sup>in 1899, reported that fifty-seven of the sixty-seven reported cases could be classed as idiopathic. The striking characteristic of this disease is the periodicity of the attack, frequently exactly to the day. In every reported case the knee joint has been involved, with occasional additional joints, as the wrist and hip. In the majority of cases, the attack returns
Longitudinal evaluation of bone mass in asthmatic children treated with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate or cromolyn sodium
Authors: L. C. Martinati, F. Bertoldo, E. Gasperi, P. Fortunati, V. Lo Cascio, A. L. Boner
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Inhaled corticosteroids are recommended as first‐line therapy in patients with moderate to severe asthma. The use of these agents in the milder form of asthma is controversial because of their potential adverse effects, especially in growing children. We investigated 49 asthmatic children (38 treated with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) at a daily dose of 276 ±125 ng/day and 11 treated with cromolyn sodium (CS) at a daily dose of 30 ±10 mg/day) for 7.4 months, with bone‐mass measurements at baseline and after the treatment period. Evaluation of changes in cortical and trabecular bone mass (bone mineral density [BMD]; m/cm 2 ) was performed by absorptiometry at the proximal forearm and at the lumbar spine, respectively. Furthermore, to correct for bone size changes due to growth, we calculated volumetric BMD (VOL‐BMD; mglcm 3 ). At the end of the treatment period, the children who had received regular inhaled BDP had grown as well as children treated with CS, from 120±1.4 to 123±1.3 cm and from 118±3,2 to 120,3±2.8 cm, respectively. No children showed deviation from their percentile level of growth. Trabecular and cortical BMD increased after 7 months of follow‐up in both groups to the same extent. When BMD was adjusted for body size (VOL‐BMD; mg/cm 2 ), bone mass was found not to have changed after BDP or CS treatment course within and between the two groups.
An X-ray Microscopic Study of the Postnatal Development of the Vasa Vasorum in the Pulmonary Trunk and Arteries
Authors: J. A. Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1965)

Little reference could be found in the literature to the development of the vasa vasorum in the pulmonary arterial wall of neonates, infants, or children.The main paper on the vasa vasorum of the arterial wall during this period of life is by Schlichter (1948), who x-rayed (technical details not given) 10 /u thick sections of human, dog, rabbit, and chicken aorta after the injection of a radio- opaque medium, and concluded that, although the dog aorta was the most vascular, the human aorta received the richest distribution of vasa vasorum during the neonatal period.Winternitz, Thomas, and LeCompte (1938) state, without further amplification or illustration, that the vasa vasorum of the 'pulmonary artery' communicate with the vasa vasorum of the ductus arteriosus.The present work is part of a series on the vasa vasorum of the human arterial wall using the Coslett Nixon x-ray projection microscope.In a previous communication the pattern of the vasa vasorum in adult pulmonary arteries was described (Clarke, 1964), and x-ray microscopy has been discussed as a method for investigating small arteriole and capillary beds (Clarke, 1965a), the
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among refugees entering the United States between 2006 and 2008
Authors: David B. Rein, Sarah B. Lesesne, Ann O'Fallon, Cindy M. Weinbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing to identify chronic hepatitis B virus infection for foreign-born persons from countries or regions with HBsAg prevalence of ≥2%. However, limited data exist to indicate which countries meet this definition. To address this data gap, we estimated the HBsAg prevalence among refugees entering the United States between 2006 and 2008. We contacted state refugee health coordinators and asked them to report the number of refugees, country of origin, and HBsAg prevalence among refugees screened in their jurisdiction during the most recently available 12-month period prior to August 2008. We pooled data across jurisdictions and calculated the prevalence for any country with more than 30 refugees entering the United States, and where this level of data was not available by country, continents were considered. Of the 47 jurisdictions contacted, we received basic information from 31, with nine jurisdictions reporting HBsAg prevalence by country of origin applicable to 31,980 refugees (approximately 42% of refugees entering the United States during the observation period). We estimated an HBsAg prevalence of 2.8% (95% confidence interval 2.6%-3.0%) for refugees overall. Of the 37 countries with 30 or more refugees entering the United States, 25 had a prevalence of ≥2%. Prevalence was highest among refugees from Africa and Southeast Asia, and lowest among refugees from the Middle East and South/Central America. In the eight countries for which we had comparison data, six had lower HBsAg prevalence than in 1991. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Breast cancer. Relationship to thyroid supplements for hypothyroidism
Authors: C. C. Kapdi
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between thyroid supplements and breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer among the patients who received thyroid supplements was 12.13%, while in the control group it was 6.2%. The incidence rate of breast cancer was 10%, 9.42%, and 19.48% among patients who received thyroid supplements for one to five, 5 to 15, and for more than 15 years, respectively. The incidence of breast cancer among nulliparous women who received thyroid supplements was 33%, while in the nulliparous women without thyroid supplements the incidence was only 9.25%. Even in a specific age group, the incidence rate of breast cancer was higher among patients receiving thyroid supplements, when compared to the control patients in the same age group.
Presence of fibrinogen-binding adhesin gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from central venous catheters-associated and orthopaedic implant-associated infections
Authors: Carla Renata Arciola, Davide Campoccia, Simonetta Gamberini, M.Elena Donati, Lucio Montanaro
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Eusol: the continuing controversy.
Authors: M. A. Patton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

fore based on self reports and hearsay.People may have many reasons for informing the police, correctly or incorrectly, about their own or others' HIV status, Such data are inaccurate: there is no justification for using them either in relation to individual HIV status or to population prevalences.Our investigations into the prevalence of HIV 1 infection among prostitutes throughout London over the past six years have included street based interviews and HIV testing with the consent of participants.We have found much lower preva- lences of HIV infection than those quoted by the police.7 Unfortunately, such research does not have the same impact on the press as police reports confirming prejudiced views of prostitutes as the major reservoir of venereal disease.Reports of the prevalence of HIV infection in tabloid newspapers clearly do not have the same rigorous peer review as your own journal, but they may have a greater impact on the lives of those concerned.Prostitutes suspected of being infected with HIV have been the target of violence and abuse.
Medicine, Death, and the Criminal Law
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Errors in medicine are common and are at least partly responsible for the deaths of 180,000 patients a year.1,2 There is increasing concern about medical errors and the steps that should be taken to prevent them.1 Until recently, hospitals have addressed errors after the fact, through mortality and morbidity conferences, incident reports, and the like, rather than before the fact, through attention to systems defects and prevention. Likewise, medical-malpractice litigation can be filed only after an injury has occurred. Malpractice litigation is intended to create incentives to improve the quality of medical care by making physicians and hospitals accountable . . .
Corticosteroid Therapy and Subcapsular Cataracts
Authors: Albert P. Ley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) had not been described as an adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy until Black et al<sup>1</sup>published their first report in 1960. In this and subsequent papers<sup>2,3</sup>they suggest that PSC can be a consequence of prolonged treatment (one year or more) with high doses of corticosteroid in rheumatoid arthritis. (The terms "high," "moderate," and "low" doses in this paper refer to the ranges given in the Table and follow the arbitrary classification of Black et al.) Specifically these authors found PSC in 30 (42%) of 72 corticosteroid-treated rheumatic adults and in none of 23 adult controls. They stressed the relation of the incidence of PSC to long duration and dose level of corticosteroid therapy. Independent studies by Giles et al<sup>4</sup>and by Crews<sup>5</sup>tend to lend support to the findings of Black et al<sup>1-3</sup>. Giles et al<sup>4</sup>found PSC in