tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes in a Veteran Population
Authors: Gelsey Goodstein, Anna Milanesi, Jane E. Weinreb
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes is a unique and underrecognized clinical entity characterized by new adult onset of diabetes with severe hyperglycemia and ketosis similar to type 1 diabetes, but with clinical and biological features typical of type 2 diabetes (1). Hyperglycemic crisis with ketosis in these individuals appears to be related to acute and reversible β-cell dysfunction with subsequent insulin independence and acceptable glycemic control on diet and/or oral agents during follow-up (2).

In our retrospective study spanning from 1999 to 2011, we identified 62 adult veterans with new onset of diabetes presenting to the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VAGLA) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Computerized medical records were used to identify DKA admissions. Diagnosis of DKA was established in the emergency room (3) in the absence of concomitant comorbidities that can lead …
963-22 Gene Knockouts for Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Demonstrate Compensatory Mechanisms of Cerebrovascular Blood Flow Regulation
Authors: Paul L. Huang, Katsumi Irikura, Jianya Ma, Won Suk Lee, Turgay Dalkara, Mark C. Fishman, Michael A. Moskowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases – Authors' reply
Authors: Masaaki Yamamoto, Toru Serizawa, Takashi Shuto, Atsuya Akabane, Yoshinori Higuchi, Jun Kawagishi, Kazuhiro Yamanaka, Yasunori Sato, Hidefumi Jokura
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Long-Acting Steroid Injection after Endoscopic Dilation of Anastomotic Crohn’s Strictures May Improve the Outcome: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: J. C. Brooker, C. G. Beckett, B. P. Saunders, M. J. Benson
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Endoscopic balloon dilation of Crohn's strictures is widely practised, but may not result in long-term symptomatic benefit, leading to the need for repeat dilation or surgery. It is hypothesized that long-acting steroid injection into strictures after dilation may decrease the need for further stricture dilation and improve the outcome in symptomatic patients.Patients with Crohn's disease who have had balloon dilation and triamcinolone injection performed for symptomatic anastomotic strictures were identified from endoscopy records. Case notes were reviewed to determine outcomes.Fourteen patients underwent a total of 26 dilations, with triamcinolone injected (median dose 20 mg, 10-40 mg) in 20 of the procedures. Seven patients (50%) had sustained remission after a single dilation and steroid injection, with a median follow-up period of 16.4 months (range 13.2-22.0 months). Four patients (28.5%) required more than one dilation (median three dilations, range two to four) to control their symptoms, with a median follow-up period of 27.8 months (range 14-32.8 months). Endoscopic management failed in three patients (21.4 %), who were referred for surgery. There were no complications due to dilation or triamcinolone injection.Triamcinolone injection into the stricture after dilation is safe, easy to perform, and may be a useful adjunct in the management of anastomotic Crohn's strictures. These data will require further support through a randomized and controlled trial.
Abstract 4511A: KMO as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in canine mammary gland tumors
Authors: Yi-Lun Chiang, Han-Long Lei, Albert Tai-Ching Liao, Rea-Min Chu, Chen-Si Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to verify the candidate genes KMO associated with the progressive growth of canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) in clinical application as biomarkers for spontaneous canine mammary gland tumors (cMGT). Canine mammary gland tumor shares similar characteristics with human breast cancer in histopathology and biological behavior. Both of them are hormonal-dependent, and they have similar genetic aberrations, signature profiles and cell signal pathways. These facts suggest that canine mammary gland tumor could be a referable tumor model for human breast cancer research. Our previous study has shown screening the gene expression of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme involved in tryptophan metabolism, could predict tumor malignancy and survival time of cMGT-suffering dogs. Here we intend to confirm KMO as a real cancer biomarker by investigating its protein expression in a serious of 54 cMGT cases, 29 of them were benign and 25 malignant collected at the Veterinary Hospital of National Taiwan University (VHNTU) with immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that KMO discriminated malignant cMGTs from benign ones, and about 73.3% of malignant cMGT showed strong expression of KMO. In addition, patients with strong KMO expression had markedly lower overall survival rate than those with negative or weak ones. Comparing to KMO investigations, increasing Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) manifestation was also shown to correlate with tumor size and cMGT stages. A positive correlation between KMO and Ki-67 expression was found in our cMGT cases and it suggests KMO may contribute to tumor development by promoting cell proliferation. This study demonstrated KMO as a potential biomarker in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. It might offer new perspectives for clinical applications of cMGT and perhaps lead to advance in human breast cancer research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4511A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4511A
Dopaminergic Supersensitivity in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 6-Deficient Mice
Authors: Raul R Gainetdinov, Laura M Bohn, Tatyana D Sotnikova, Michel Cyr, Aki Laakso, Alexander D Macrae, Gonzalo E Torres, Kyeong-Man Kim, Robert J Lefkowitz, Marc G Caron, Richard T Premont
Journal: Neuron (2003)
P195 Prospective Examination Of The Effects Of Ivacaftor On Glycaemic Health
Authors: A. Banerjee, A. Brennan, A. Horsley, P. Barry
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The clinical benefits of the novel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have now been well established for patients carrying the G551D mutation through both phase 3 and real world clinical studies. Modulation of CFTR alters intestinal pH, which may assist in the function of pancreatic enzymes and which theoretically might have an impact on the absorption of nutrients in cystic fibrosis (CF). This may have significant impact on the glycaemic health of patients and early reports from a phase 2 study suggested a significant risk of hyperglycaemia in a patient with pre-existing diabetes. <h3>Aim</h3> We aimed to prospectively assess the impact of ivacaftor on glycaemic health <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of subjects who commenced ivacaftor following NHS approval. Baseline measures were recorded including spirometric measures, weight and sweat chloride. Glycaemic control was assessed using HbA1c and repeated measures were recorded at 1, 3 and 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> 24 subjects were included in the study. 17 subjects had normal glucose handling as defined by oral glucose tolerance test, 4 subjects had a pre-existing diagnosis of CF-related diabetes and 3 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance prior to ivacaftor commencement. Ivacaftor significantly increased FEV<sub>1</sub> and BMI at 1,3 and 6 months compared to baseline, and decreased sweat chloride at 2 months, all indicating effective CFTR modulation. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline to 6 months in the total cohort, (median 42.5 mmol/L versus 39.5 mmol/L, p = 0.004), but not at other time points. In the diabetic or IGT subgroups, there were no clinically significant changes in HbA1c. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ivacaftor is an effective treatment for CF patients carrying the G551D mutation. In normoglycaemic patients, Ivacaftor significantly reduces HbA1c at 6 months. There was no adverse effect on glucose control noted in diabetic or impaired glucose tolerance subgroups. This may be attributable to improved insulin secretion by CFTR related mechanisms or improved insulin sensitivity. These results are important and re-assuring when commencing patients with diabetes on CFTR modulators.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Effect of Clopidogrel Premedication in Off-Pump Cardiac Surgery: Are We Forfeiting the Benefits of Reduced Hemorrhagic Sequelae?”
Authors: Emmanouil I. Kapetanakis, Diego A. Medlam, Kathleen R. Petro, Peter C. Hill, Mercedes K. C. Dullum, Ammar S. Bafi, Steven W. Boyce, Paul J. Corso, Elizabeth Haile
Journal: Circulation (2006)
INFESTATION WITH HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA (RAT TAPEWORM)
Authors: H. E. Butka
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Human infestation with<i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>, or rat tapeworm, is infrequent, only sixty-one cases having been reported, of which sixteen have been found in the United States. Ransom reviewed the subject in 1904, and the mode of transmission and life habits were recently described by Riley and Shannon.<sup>1</sup>The geographic distribution, in order of frequency, is: Brazil, the United States, India, Italy, Nicaragua, Argentina, Belgium, Cuba, East Africa, Grenada, Japan, Martinique and the Philippines. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> N. W., a boy, aged 16 months, was brought to the hospital, Feb. 5, 1923, because of hunger, loss of weight, restlessness and irritability. Small, whitish flakes in the stools, suggesting tapeworm, were first noted about five days before. The temperature during the child's stay in the hospital varied from 98.6 to 100.4; the pulse, from 100 to 130. The urine was normal. Blood counts revealed: hemoglobin, 65 per cent.; red cells averaging
Calcium Channel Blockers and Renal Protection
Authors: Julia[Combining Acute Accent]n Segura, Jose[Combining Acute Accent] A. Garci[Combining Acute Accent]a-Donaire, Luis M. Ruilope
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Calcium channel blockers have been widely used in clinical practice because of their antihypertensive capacity. Prevention of renal damage is a very important aim of antihypertensive therapy. This is particularly so taking into account the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Recent data have shown that CKD is related to the absence of adequate BP control and also to the clustering of other cardiovascular risk factors seen in the metabolic syndrome. The knowledge of the capacities of the different antihypertensive drugs or their combinations to simultaneously control BP while protecting the kidney and avoiding the facilitation of metabolic alterations is warranted. Recent data from the Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment trial, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial, and African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) allow the conclusion that in hypertensive patients with preserved renal function or with CKD, calcium channel blockers are effective antihypertensive drugs to be considered alone or in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker.
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS IN INFANTILE ECZEMA
Authors: JESSE R. GERSTLEY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In an eight-year clinical study of that type of infantile eczema involving the cheeks, I have come to the conclusion that the part played by diet is only secondary. Reflecting every periodic wave of medical thought, observers have ascribed the etiology of eczema to infection, to vagotonia, to constitutional anomaly, and to allergy. During the last decade many pediatricians have followed the teachings of Adelbert Czerny, who offered in explanation an underlying constitutional background—the "exudative diathesis." This diathesis he believed to be greatly improved by withdrawal of fat from the diet. Hence the great emphasis placed by his followers on the effect of food therapy. Repeated observations, however, impugn the definiteness of this constitutional anomaly; and, again, the effect of fat withdrawal on the eczema is by no means as conclusive as was originally taught. It was decided that a feasible method of reopening the question would be to follow
Physical Health, Depressive Symptoms, and Managed Care Enrollment
Authors: Benjamin G. Druss, Harris M. Allen, Martha L. Bruce
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: This study used a national employee survey to test the hypothesis that symptomatic individuals in general, and individuals with depressive symptoms in particular, are disproportionately enrolled in fee-for-service health care plans as compared to health maintenance organizations (HMOs). METHOD: The study analyzed data from the 1993 Employee Health Care Value Survey, a questionnaire distributed to employees of three large corporations. The sample comprised 20,283 employees covering six U.S. geographic regions and 46 health plans. The authors used logistic regression to model the association between HMO enrollment and presence of physical and depressive symptoms, measured by subscales derived from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, adjusting for health, demographic, and insurance variables. RESULTS: In unadjusted models, enrollees in fee-for-service plans had higher rates of both depressive and physical symptoms than HMO enrollees. After adjustment for age alone or for age and other potential confounders, there was no difference in physical symptoms between plan types. However, individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms were 16% less likely to be enrolled in HMOs than in fee-for-service plans after adjustment for age, other demographic variables, physical health status, and insurance characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that symptomatic individuals are more likely to be enrolled in fee-for-service plans than in HMOs. While much of the effect for physical symptoms may be explained by differences in demographic variables, particularly age, the difference in depressive symptoms appears to be independent of those variables. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:878–882)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of preregistration house officers.
Authors: D V Skinner, A J Camm, S Miles
Journal: BMJ (1985)

chest easily inflated.Her heart rate was 52 beats/minute (apex); there were no palpable pulses and no response to stimuli.She was given adrenaline 1:1000 0 5 ml by subcutaneous infusion, 5% sodium bicarbonate 10 ml, and hydro- cortisone 100 mg by intravenous injection.An intravenous infusion of plasma protein fraction was started.Within a few minutes peripheral pulses were palpable and systolic blood pressure was 50 mm Hg.She remained drowsy for about 12 hours but apart from having fever (37-4'C) made an uncompli- cated recovery.Her parents declined further attempts at surgery and she was discharged.
P364 CHARACTERIZATION AND OUTCOME OF ANTIMITOCHONDRIAL TYPE 2-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITHOUT A DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS: A FRENCH NATIONWIDE PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: G. Dahlqvist, F. Gaouar, F. Carrat, O. Chazouillères, R. Poupon, C. Johanet, C. Corpechot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Taurocholate Transport by Rat Liver Sinusoidal Membrane Vesicles: Evidence of Sodium Cotransport
Authors: Masayasu Inoue, Rolf Kinne, Thao Tran, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

To elucidate the first step in the vectorial transport of bile acids by the liver, plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from rat liver by differential and sucrose-Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The membranes were selectively enriched 20-fold in Na+,K+−ATPase activity, a marker of sinusoidal plasma membranes. Electron microscopy of pellets from sinusoidal membrane fraction did not reveal other organelles. The initial rate of taurocholate uptake by the membrane vesicles was stimulated by a sodium gradient but not by a potassium gradient (Naoutside> Nainside). Sodium-dependent uptake of taurocholate was inhibited at low temperature (0oC), reduced by decreasing intravesicular space, and showed transstimulation in tracer exchange experiments indicating that uptake into vesicles, rather than binding to membranes, was occurring. Sodium-dependent taurocholate transport by the vesicles exhibited saturation kinetics with respect to taurocholate (apparent Km = 56 μM, Vmax = 0.65 nmoles per mg × 15 sec at 100 mM NaNO3 and 25oC) and sodium (apparent Km = 48 mM at 50 μM taurocholate). Other cations, such as lithium and choline, did not replace sodium in its stimulatory action. Sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake was selectively inhibited by cholic acid and probenecid. When the electrical potential difference across the vesicle membrane was altered by anion replacement, a more negative intravesicular potential inside the vesicles stimulated and a more positive potential inhibited sodium-dependent taurocholate transport. These data indicate the presence of a taurocholate-sodium cotransport system in the sinusoidal membranes of rat hepatocytes. This sodium-cotransport system probably participates in sodium-dependent uptake of bile acids into the hepatocyte. Bile acid secretion in the liver can be classified as secondary active transport.
Constrictive Pericarditis Due to<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>
Authors: Charles F. Wooley, Don M. Hosier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE progressive increase in knowledge of the clinical spectrum of histoplasmosis in man, coupled with the infrequency of a specific etiologic diagnosis in patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis, contributes to the interest of the following case report.Case ReportA 14-year-old high-school girl was admitted for the 1st time to Children's Hospital for evaluation of recurrent edema on November 1, 1959.She had been in good health until February, 1956, when, at 11 years of age, she was admitted to another hospital with a 2-week history of anorexia, malaise, nonproductive cough, chest discomfort and abdominal pain. Fever was present, with . . .
Cutaneous Granulomatous Eruption and Successful Response to Potent Topical Steroids in Patients Undergoing Targeted BRAF Inhibitor Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: June J. Park, Elena B. Hawryluk, Steven R. Tahan, Keith Flaherty, Caroline C. Kim
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Targeted BRAF inhibitor therapy (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) is an effective, novel treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma with the V600E BRAF mutation. This therapy is associated with squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas. Granulomatous eruptions have not been previously reported.Two patients with melanoma developed cutaneous granulomatous eruptions during targeted BRAF inhibitor therapy. In case 1, after 2 months of treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib (MEK inhibitor), a papular eruption concerning for progression of disease prompted cessation of treatment. After the histopathologic diagnosis of granulomas, the patient was treated with clobetasol ointment with resolution within days and resumption of therapy. In case 2, after 5 months of vemurafenib treatment, the patient developed a granulomatous eruption, which resolved 3 weeks after cessation of therapy.We report 2 cases of cutaneous granulomatous eruptions on treatment with targeted BRAF inhibitors, a previously unreported association. Although additional investigations are necessary to better elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms, our report includes a treatment plan that prevents unnecessary discontinuation of therapy. Given the Food and Drug Administration approval of vemurafenib for metastatic melanoma, clinicians should be aware of this possible cutaneous reaction and treatment option to optimize patient management.
CXCR3-independent actions of the CXC chemokine CXCL10 in the infarcted myocardium and in isolated cardiac fibroblasts are mediated through proteoglycans
Authors: Amit Saxena, Marcin Bujak, Olga Frunza, Marcin Dobaczewski, Carlos Gonzalez-Quesada, Bao Lu, Craig Gerard, Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsThe CXC chemokine CXCL10 is up-regulated in the infarcted myocardium and limits cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting growth factor-mediated fibroblast migration. CXCL10 signals by binding to its receptor CXCR3; however, recently CXCR3-independent CXCL10 actions have been suggested. Our study explores the role of CXCR3 signalling in myocardial infarction and investigates its involvement in mediating the anti-fibrotic effects of CXCL10.
The relationship between blood lead and blood pressure in the NHANES II survey.
Authors: J Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

A large body of experimental data has shown that lead raises blood pressure and increases responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists in rats and pigeons. These studies suggest the need to look for a similar relationship in humans. This paper examines the robustness of the previously reported association between blood lead and blood pressure in adult males. The association remains strong and is essentially unchanged in tests that include nutritional factors and demographic factors, alone or together, or in tests that include insignificant terms. The relationship was not confounded by age; it held for all adult men in the 20-45 age group, the 40-59 age group, and the 46-74 age group. Interaction terms for 25 30-year age groups (20-49, 21-50,. . . , 45-74) were all insignificant, indicating no difference in the relationship by age. The relationship is also robust to the inclusion of a time trend to account possible omitted time-varying factors, and it held in a model that controlled for possible site effects. Given the strong experimental evidence, the relationship is likely causal.
Angiographic Anatomy of the Inferior Right Atrial Isthmus in Patients With and Without History of Common Atrial Flutter
Authors: José Angel Cabrera, Damian Sanchez-Quintana, Siew Yen Ho, Alfonso Medina, Fernando Wanguemert, Egon Gross, José Grillo, Enrique Hernandez, Robert H. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although most ablative procedures undertaken for common atrial flutter target the inferior right atrial isthmus, comparative studies of the morphology of this area are lacking. Our study examines its angiographic anatomy, making correlations with postmortem specimens, to provide a better understanding of the anatomic substrate of this arrhythmia. Methods and Results —The gross morphological features and dimensions of the area between the orifice of the inferior caval vein and the attachment of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve were determined from angiograms made in 23 patients with documented atrial flutter and 30 control subjects. For comparison, we studied 20 normal heart specimens. When viewed in right anterior oblique projection, 2 morphologically distinct areas were identified. In the specimens, the inferior isthmus measured a mean length of 30±4 mm, not significantly different from the dimensions obtained from angiograms of control subjects. The mean length of the isthmus, however, was greater in patients with common atrial flutter than those without (37±8 versus 28±6 mm). Patients with atrial flutter and structural heart disease had an even longer isthmus than those with flutter alone (39.6±8 versus 33±7 mm). Compared with those without flutter, the atrial diameter was also larger in patients with flutter (57.6±9 versus 48.5±6 mm). Reevaluation carried out at follow-up 10±2 months after ablation did not show any reduction in atrial size, although contractility improved. Conclusions —The inferior isthmus and right atrium in patients with common atrial flutter were significantly larger than those in a control population.