tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Therapeutic OX40 Agonist Dynamically Alters Dendritic, Endothelial, and T Cell Subsets within the Established Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Angela D. Pardee, Dustin McCurry, Sean Alber, Peisheng Hu, Alan L. Epstein, Walter J. Storkus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Little preclinical modeling currently exists to support the use of OX40 agonists as therapeutic agents in the setting of advanced cancers, as well as the mechanisms through which therapeutic efficacy is achieved. We show that treatment of mice bearing well-established day 17 sarcomas with a novel OX40 ligand–Fc fusion protein (OX40L-Fc) resulted in tumor regression or dormancy in the majority of treated animals. Unexpectedly, dendritic cells (DC) in the progressive tumor microenvironment (TME) acquire OX40 expression and bind fluorescently labeled OX40L-Fc. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses revealed that DCs become enriched in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) of both wild-type and Rag−/− mice within 3 days after OX40L-Fc treatment. By day 7 after treatment, a significant expansion of CXCR3+ T effector cells was noted in the TDLN, and by day 10 after treatment, type 1 polarized T cells exhibiting a reactivated memory phenotype had accumulated in the tumors. High levels of CXCL9 (a CXCR3 ligand) and enhanced expression of VCAM-1 by vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were observed in the TME early after treatment with OX40L-Fc. Notably, these vascular alterations were maintained in Rag−/− mice, indicating that the OX40L-Fc–mediated activation of both DC and VEC occurs in a T-cell–independent manner. Collectively, these findings support a paradigm in which the stimulation of DC, T cells, and the tumor vasculature by an OX40 agonist dynamically orchestrates the activation, expansion, and recruitment of therapeutic T cells into established tumors. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9041–52. ©2010 AACR.
Protein kinase B (c-akt) regulates hematopoietic lineage choice decisions during myelopoiesis
Authors: Miranda Buitenhuis, Liesbeth P. Verhagen, Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom, Anders Castor, Sandra Verploegen, Leo Koenderman, Sten-Eirik W. Jacobsen, Paul J. Coffer
Journal: Blood (2007)
Response to the AIDS Pandemic — A Global Health Model
Authors: Peter Piot, Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Just over three decades ago, a new outbreak of opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma was reported in a small number of homosexual men in California and New York. 1,2 This universally fatal disease, which was eventually called the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), was associated with a complete loss of CD4+ T cells.Within the first year of its description, the disease was also identified in patients with hemophilia, users of injection drugs, blood-transfusion recipients, and infants born to affected mothers.Soon thereafter, a heterosexual epidemic of AIDS was reported in Central Africa, preferentially affecting women. 3,4Little did we know at the time that this small number of cases would eventually mushroom into tens of millions of cases, becoming one of the greatest pandemics of modern times.Within 2 years after the initial reports of AIDS, a retrovirus, later called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was identified as the cause of AIDS. 5Diagnostic tests were developed to protect the blood supply and to identify those infected.Additional prevention measures were implemented, including risk-reduction programs, counseling and testing, condom distribution, and needle-exchange programs.However, HIV continued to spread, infecting 10 million persons within the first decade after its identification.The second decade of AIDS was marked by further intensification of the epidemic in other areas of the world, including the southern cone of Africa, which saw an explosive HIV epidemic.Asia and the countries of the former Soviet Union also reported a marked increase in the spread of HIV.However, by the mid-1990s, with the discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapy, rates of death in developed countries started to decline.The use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy also resulted in a substantial decline in mother-to-child transmission of HIV in high-income countries.However, without access to antiretroviral drugs in lowand middle-income countries, rates of death and mother-to-child transmission continued to increase, with 2.4 million deaths and more than 3 million new infections reported in 2001.Of these new infections, two thirds occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. 6 ter nat iona l R e sp onse t o A IDS -a Gl ob a l He a lth ModelIt was not until the third decade of the epidemic that the world's public health officials, community leaders, and politicians united to combat AIDS.In 2001, the United Nations General Assembly endorsed a historic Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, a commitment that was renewed in 2011. 7These actions resulted in the formation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, which was established to finance anti-AIDS activities in developing countries.In 2003, President George W. Bush announced the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS An interactive graphic including a prevalence map, a timeline, and details of HIV structure and life cycle is available at NEJM.org
FIBROSIS AND SUBMUCOUS CALCIFICATION OF THE VESICAL NECK
Authors: GEORGE M. FISTER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The title of this paper is rather all inclusive; however, my object is to review fibrosis (submucous fibrosis) of the vesical neck in children and to report an unusual case of fibrosis with submucous calcification of the vesical orifice in a boy 13 years of age.  From a review of the literature it would appear that fibrosis of the vesical neck in children is a rare disease. Campbell 1 reported finding but 12 cases in the literature up to 1930. The disease may be more frequent than the reported cases would indicate, and at times this condition probably goes unrecognized until late in life. Young, 2 in a study of 355 adults with fibrosis of the bladder neck, found 20 cases, or 5.6 per cent, with a history of imperfect urination since childhood, which indicated that the obstruction to urination was probably congenital. Submucous calcification of the vesical neck in
Persistence of Pancreatic Puzzle-Producing Propensity
Authors: Maurice L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am grateful for Dr. Trimble's comment on pancreatic cystadenoma (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>14 [July 6] 1964) and for his drawing attention to Hanna's publication which lends support to the idea that mucinous material in a pancreatic cystadenoma may drain spontaneously, by fistula formation, into the bowel. Operative drainage of inflammatory pseudocysts of the pancreas into the stomach or small intestine is a currently approved surgical technique, and it would appear that a precedent of nature is thus being observed. The pancreas persists in its propensity for producing puzzling disorders. By communicating and pooling information, as was done in regard to this unusual case, we shall hopefully continue to accumulate clinical data regarding the behavior of this inaccessible organ.
Urokinase for the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Richard D. Sautter
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Urokinase, an enzymatic fibrinolytic activator, was used as the principal form of therapy in the treatment of ten patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Although an absolute statement cannot be made about the efficacy of the drug in the management of this disease, this study seems to demonstrate that lysis of thromboemboli is considerably hastened by the use of this drug. Rapid lysis of emboli is necessary for the successful management of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Three patients in this series previously could have been considered candidates for pulmonary embolectomy. All survived following urokinase therapy. After this experience, we have modified our surgical indications for the treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism to consider for urokinase therapy all patients with massive bilateral pulmonary emboli in shock and those in whom inferior caval ligation is usually recommended for the prevention of further embolization.
Capability for daily activities in old people with rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study
Authors: M Kauppi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To describe the functional capacity for daily activities in old people with clinical rheumatoid arthritis (including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)) in a population based cohort.A cohort of 700 people was randomly collected from the population older than 75 years in a Finnish town. Altogether 601 persons (86%) participated. Data were collected from clinical records and by interview, clinical examination, and questionnaire. Ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed by the Barthel index, and the IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) by the Lawton and Brody questionnaire.16 people had clinical rheumatoid arthritis (one with JRA). The prevalence was 16/601 (2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.7% to 4.5%)). Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis (50%) obtained the best possible ADL figures, while three (19%) had very poor results. Seven (44%) could not dress themselves without help. Three (19%) were unable to walk, and five (31%) could not climb stairs. Sex and age adjusted results showed no statistical difference (ADL and IADL) between patients with clinical rheumatoid arthritis and rest of the cohort. Four patients (25%) had dementia, which was associated with the poor functional capacity.The prevalence of the disease was unexceptional. The ability of old people with rheumatoid arthritis to carry out activities of daily living did not differ from the general population, but the disease may lead to severe disability on an individual level, especially when associated with dementia. It therefore remains a considerable challenge to the health care and social systems.
Amiodarone in Refractory Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: KOONLAWEE NADEMANEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Ninety-six patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias refractory to two or more conventional agents were treated with amiodarone and followed for 6 to 40 months (mean, 15 months). Currently, 75 are alive and well. Seven patients died from nonarrhythmic and five from arrhythmic causes. Nonfatal arrhythmias recurred in four patients, one with early and three with late onset. Intolerable side effects occurred in five patients but heart failure was not aggravated by the drug. On 24-hour Holter recordings done before and serially during therapy in 72 patients, amiodarone eliminated episodes of ventricular tachycardia and complex ectopy and reduced total ectopic beat counts by 90% or more in all but 4 patients. In contrast, ventricular tachycardia inducible by programmed electrical stimulation was suppressed in only 50% of patients, but failure of such suppression did not compromise an excellent clinical outcome. Thus, amiodarone is highly effective in the prophylaxis of recurrent refractory life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
The efficacy of phototherapy in polymorphic light eruption
Authors: G.M. Murphy, R. Logan, C.R. Lovell, R. Morris, J.L.M. Hawk, I.A. Magnus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article The efficacy of phototherapy in polymorphic light eruption Get access G.M. Murphy, G.M. Murphy Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Logan, R. Logan Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Lovell, C.R. Lovell Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Morris, R. Morris Department of Community Medicine, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L.M. Hawk, J.L.M. Hawk Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.A. Magnus I.A. Magnus Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 24–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05244.x Published: 01 July 1984
Response of human forearm muscle blood vessels to hyperventilation
Authors: R. C. Jung, J. A. Walsh, C. Hyman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Response of human forearm muscle blood vessels to hyperventilation Get access Ralph C. Jung, Ralph C. Jung 2 From the Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. 2Address for reprints: University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John A. Walsh, John A. Walsh From the Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chester Hyman Chester Hyman From the Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 347–352, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.3.347 Published: 01 July 1971
Pseudo-obstruction of the Biliary Tract Associated with a Traumatic Biliary Fistula
Authors: ROBERT E. KIDDER, PAUL W. DOHERTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Documentation of a biliary fistula as a complication of hepatic trauma may be made simply and noninvasively using radionuclide cholescintigraphy. This report describes the utility of this approach in the evaluation of the pathophysiology underlying apparent biliary obstruction in a patient with a large traumatic biliary fistula.
What Kind of Life: The Limits of Medical Progress
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The focus of this work by Daniel Callahan is individualism vs the good of the community as played out on the wards of American medicine. He is concerned about a runaway health care caused by the excessive expectations and demands of given patients to restore and maintain health, an aging population that dominates this claim, and a proliferation of medical science and technology that fuels the pursuit of health but never quite satisfies it. He warns that if these activities are unchecked, increasingly we will sacrifice other important social goods. He questions the wisdom of this quest for medical progress and the inordinate place of maintaining health in our scale of individual and social values. He sees these problems as inadequately addressed by developing new schemes to reorganize health services; by reining in the profits of physicians, health care institutions, or manufacturers of technology; or by the myriad other regulatory
Studies of Cancer and Radiation Dose Among Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: Charles E. Land
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A comprehensive program of medical follow-up of survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) has produced quantitative estimates of cancer risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. For breast cancer in women, in particular, the strength of the radiation dose response and the generally low level of population risk in the absence of radiation exposure have led to a clear description of excess risk and its variation by age at exposure and over time following exposure. Comparisons of RERF data with data from medically irradiated populations have yielded additional information on the influence of population and underlying breast cancer rates on radiation-related risk. Epidemiological investigations of breast cancer cases and matched controls among atomic bomb survivors have clarified the role of reproductive history as a modifier of the carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure. Finally, a pattern of radiation-related risk by attained age among the survivors exposed during childhood or adolescence suggests the possible existence of a radiation-susceptible subgroup. The hypothetical existence of such a group is lent plausibility by the results of recent family studies suggesting that heritable mutations in certain genes are associated with familial aggregations of breast cancer. The recent isolation and cloning of one such gene,<i>BRCA1</i>, makes it likely that the hypothesis can be tested using molecular assays of archival and other tissue obtained from atomic bomb survivor cases and controls. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:402-407)
Determinants of Sudden Cardiac Death in Individuals With the Electrocardiographic Pattern of Brugada Syndrome and No Previous Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Josep Brugada, Ramon Brugada, Pedro Brugada
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Patients with Brugada syndrome who were resuscitated from an episode of ventricular fibrillation are at high risk for recurrent sudden death. There is general agreement about the therapeutic strategy for these patients. Conversely, the prognosis and approach in patients with a diagnostic ECG but without a previous history of sudden cardiac death is controversial. We analyzed a large cohort of patients with Brugada syndrome without previous cardiac arrest to understand the determinants of prognosis.A total of 547 patients with an ECG diagnostic of Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest were studied. The mean age was 41+/-15 years, and 408 were male. The diagnostic ECG was present spontaneously in 391 patients. In the remaining 156 individuals, the abnormal ECG was noted only after the administration of an antiarrhythmic drug. One hundred twenty-four patients had suffered from at least 1 episode of syncope. During programmed ventricular stimulation, a sustained ventricular arrhythmia was induced in 163 of 408 patients. During a mean follow-up of 24+/-32 months, 45 patients (8%) suffered sudden death or documented ventricular fibrillation. Multivariate analysis identified the inducibility of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia (P<0.0001) and a history of syncope (P<0.01) as predictors of events. Logistic regression analysis showed that a patient with a spontaneously abnormal ECG, a previous history of syncope, and inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias had a probability of 27.2% of suffering an event during follow-up.Individuals with Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest have a high risk of sudden death. Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias and a previous history of syncope are markers of a poor prognosis.
Sepsis kills, antimicrobial resistance is real
Authors: R. Rajendram
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Doshi highlights the danger of speeding new antibiotics to market without adequate testing.1 However, it is dangerous to question the threat from antimicrobial resistance, and such questions must not detract from the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents.

The reduction in mortality from infections worldwide between 1990 and …
LONG TERM DURABILITY OF EDWARDS BALLOON EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Ronen Gurvitch, Edgar Tay, Anson Cheung, Fabian Nietlispach, Jian Ye, David A. Wood, Chris Thompson, Namal Wijesinghe, Jonathon Leipsic, Samuel V. Lichtenstein, John G. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Benchmarking the Physician Workforce-Reply
Authors: David C. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We believe Dr Floch may have misread our article. We studied the physician workforce across the 306 hospital referral regions of the United States. Three health care systems, a large HMO and 2 regions, were selected as benchmarks to point out that modest physician workforce levels are consistent with health care systems successfully competing for patients in the marketplace. Floch may prefer a different benchmark with a greater workforce, and we would encourage him to investigate the marginal benefits of these additional physicians to the region. However, the epidemiologic analysis of the distribution of medical care resources, including physicians, is a well-established research area within health services research. As with any area of research, investigators may differ in their interpretation of data. In the instance of the specialty workforce, the conclusion that there are too many specialists in many regions of the United States is shared by the Institute of
Thermodynamics, Liposuction, and Metabolism
Authors: David E. Kelley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The regulation of body weight adheres to the principles of thermodynamics: a positive energy balance causes weight gain, and weight loss occurs when the energy expenditure exceeds intake. More than half the adults in the United States are overweight or obese, and many of these people make an effort, at least intermittently, to lose weight. The results of clinical trials such as the Diabetes Prevention Program provide good evidence that a moderate amount of weight loss plus increased physical activity reduces the likelihood of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 Although the long-term health benefits of . . .
Specific Assessments of Warm and Cool Sensitivities in Adult Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jay M Sosenko, Marta Kato, Ramon A Soto, Maria T Gadia, D Ram Ayyar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

We have specifically examined warm and cool sensitivities in 60 diabetic and 43 nondiabetic individuals. Diabetic patients tended to have less warm and cool sensitivity than the control subjects (P &amp;lt; .001 for age &amp;lt;50 yr and P &amp;lt;.05 for age ≥50 yr). Both patients asymptomatic for neuropathy and patients with symptoms had impairment of warm and cool sensitivity (P &amp;lt; .05 for comparisons with control subjects). These differences persisted (P &amp;lt; .05) in covariance analyses with age included as a covariate. There was a nonlinear association between warm sensitivity and hemoglobin A1c. Warm-sensitivity values in the lowest and middle tertiles of the hemoglobin A1c distribution were similar; however, warm-sensitivity values of patientsin the highest tertile were markedly increased (P &amp;lt; .05 for the comparison of the highest tertile with the lowest and middle tertiles combined)There tended to be more warm insensitivity than cool insensitivity among the diabetic patients, and this difference increased with worsening glycemia. These data indicate that both warm and cool sensations are markedly impaired in asymptomatic adult diabetic patients. They also suggest that warm sensitivity is more impaired than cool sensitivity, and that this is the result of a stronger association between warm sensitivity and metabolic factors.
A FILTRABLE TOXIC PRODUCT OF THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: ADMONT H. CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Electrocardiograms taken in 1915 of the winner, Fabre, and of a runner who finished late in the list, showed nothing abnormal except possibly very slight prolongation of conduction time.They were taken two hours after the finish of the race.The winner had at the start of the race the highest pulse rate counted, 118.It was 110 when he finished.