tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, management, and prognosis of malignant large bowel polyps within a defined population.
Authors: M J Chantereau, J Faivre, M C Boutron, F Piard, P Arveux, L Bedenne, P Hillon
Journal: Gut (1992)

The population based registry of digestive tract tumours established for the department of Côte d'Or, France (population 480,000) was used to study the epidemiology and management of malignant large bowel polyps. In a 10 year period (1976-85), 146 cases were recorded in the area. Age standardised incidence rates were 2.7 per 100,000 for men and 1.4 per 100,000 for women. Although incidence rates increased significantly during the study period, large bowel cancer diagnosed as a malignant polyp remained relatively rare (6.2% of all registered large bowel cancers). Two malignant polyps (1.4%) were less than 1 cm in diameter, 34 (23.3%) were more than 30 mm. Sixty patients were treated by endoscopic polypectomy, four by contact radiotherapy, 21 by surgical local excision, 58 by colectomy (10 preceded by polypectomy), and three by colotomy. Operative mortality was 8.2% after intra-abdominal surgery, 4.8% after local surgical excision, and 0% after polypectomy (p less than 0.05). All deaths occurred in patients over 65 years. The five year cumulative recurrence rates were 8.9% after surgical excision and 11.3% after endoscopic polypectomy (NS). The corresponding five year net survival rates were 86.1% and 95.9%. Endoscopic excision alone can be considered a sufficient treatment for adenomas with malignant change unless there is evidence of incomplete resection or a high risk of lymph node metastases.
Strathpeffer Spa: Dr William Bruce and polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: A. G. Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The first description of polymyalgia rheumatica is attributed to Dr William Bruce working in Strathpeffer Spa, Scotland, in 1888. His career, the history of the spa, and the original article are briefly described.
Differential Effects of Recombinant Interferons , beta, and on Induction of Human Lymphokine (IL-2)-Activated Killer Activity
Authors: S. Sone, T. Utsugi, A. Nii, T. Ogura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The effects of three classes of recombinant interferons (IFN–αA, IFN–β, and IFN-γ)on maximal induction of lymphokine (IL–2)-activated killer (LAK) activity were studied. Highly purified lymphocytes (>99%) were obtained by counter-flow centrifugal elutriation from peripheral blood of healthy donors. After incubation for 4 days with IL-2 (1 U/ml), purified lymphocytes showed maximal LAK activity against NK cell-resistant target (Daudi) cells, as assessed by 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Addition of exogenous IFN-αA or IFN-β to cultures of lymphocytes plus IL-2 resulted in significant inhibition of LAK activity, but addition of IFN-γ had no effect on LAK induction by IL-2. IFN–αA caused greatest inhibition of LAK activity when added at the start of culture of lymphocytes with IL-2, and was less inhibitory when added 1 day later. Similar inhibition by IFN-αA or IFN-β was observed with nine lines of human tumorigenic cells as targets of LAK activity. IFN-αA and IFN-β also inhibited the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to IL–2 stimulation, and the expression of IL-2receptors on their surface, whereas IFN-γ did not. These results suggest that IFN-αA and IFN-β may be important in in situ regulation of LAK cell induction against neoplasms. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:425-431]
A study examining inter-rater and intrarater reliability of a novel instrument for assessment of psoriasis: the Copenhagen Psoriasis Severity Index
Authors: J. Berth-Jones, J. Thompson, K. Papp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

There is a perceived need for a better method for clinical assessment of the severity of psoriasis vulgaris. The most frequently used system is the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), which has significant disadvantages, including the requirement for assessment of the percentage of skin affected, an inability to separate milder cases, and a lack of linearity. The Copenhagen Psoriasis Severity Index (CoPSI) is a novel approach which comprises assessment of three signs: erythema, plaque thickness and scaling, each on a four-point scale (0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe), at each of 10 sites: face, scalp, upper limbs (excluding hands and wrists), hands and wrists, chest and abdomen, back, buttocks and sacral area, genitalia, lower limbs (excluding feet and ankles), feet and ankles.To evaluate the inter-rater and intrarater reliability of the CoPSI and to provide comparative data from the PASI and a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) used in recent clinical trials on psoriasis vulgaris.On the day before the study, 14 dermatologists (raters) with an interest in psoriasis participated in a detailed training session and discussion (2.5 h) on use of the scales. On the study day, each rater evaluated 16 adults with chronic plaque psoriasis in the morning and again in the afternoon. Raters were randomly assigned to assess subjects using the scales in a specific sequence, either PGA, CoPSI, PASI or PGA, PASI, CoPSI. Each rater used one sequence in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The primary endpoint was the inter-rater and intrarater reliability as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).All three scales demonstrated 'substantial' (a priori defined as ICC > 80%) intrarater reliability. The inter-rater reliability for each of the CoPSI and PASI was also 'substantial' and for the PGA was 'moderate' (ICC 61%). The CoPSI was better at distinguishing between milder cases.The CoPSI and the PASI both provided reproducible psoriasis severity assessments. In terms of both intrarater and inter-rater reliability values, the CoPSI and the PASI are superior to the PGA. The CoPSI may overcome several of the problems associated with the PASI. In particular, the CoPSI avoids the need to estimate a percentage of skin involved, is able to separate milder cases where the PASI lacks sensitivity, and is also more linear and simpler. The CoPSI also incorporates more meaningful weighting of different anatomical areas.
The Radiologist Intervenes
Authors: Stanley Baum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE era of the radiologist as a "shadow gazer" is clearly at an end. Major advances in methods of imaging have made the number of diagnostic studies available in a hospital department of radiology so large and varied that it is no wonder that referring clinicians feel confused and sometimes frustrated in their efforts to coordinate the workups of patients who present diagnostic problems. Superimposed on this technologic explosion is an active clinical involvement by diagnostic radiologists in treatment as well as diagnosis. This therapeutic extension of diagnostic procedures has occurred in areas that have traditionally been the preserve of . . .
Integrated compensatory network is activated in the absence of NCC phosphorylation
Authors: P. Richard Grimm, Yoskaly Lazo-Fernandez, Eric Delpire, Susan M. Wall, Susan G. Dorsey, Edward J. Weinman, Richard Coleman, James B. Wade, Paul A. Welling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Thiazide diuretics are used to treat hypertension; however, compensatory processes in the kidney can limit antihypertensive responses to this class of drugs. Here, we evaluated compensatory pathways in SPAK kinase-deficient mice, which are unable to activate the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter NCC (encoded by Slc12a3). Global transcriptional profiling, combined with biochemical, cell biological, and physiological phenotyping, identified the gene expression signature of the response and revealed how it establishes an adaptive physiology. Salt reabsorption pathways were created by the coordinate induction of a multigene transport system, involving solute carriers (encoded by Slc26a4, Slc4a8, and Slc4a9), carbonic anhydrase isoforms, and V-type H⁺-ATPase subunits in pendrin-positive intercalated cells (PP-ICs) and ENaC subunits in principal cells (PCs). A distal nephron remodeling process and induction of jagged 1/NOTCH signaling, which expands the cortical connecting tubule with PCs and replaces acid-secreting α-ICs with PP-ICs, were partly responsible for the compensation. Salt reabsorption was also activated by induction of an α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) paracrine signaling system. Coordinate regulation of a multigene α-KG synthesis and transport pathway resulted in α-KG secretion into pro-urine, as the α-KG-activated GPCR (Oxgr1) increased on the PP-IC apical surface, allowing paracrine delivery of α-KG to stimulate salt transport. Identification of the integrated compensatory NaCl reabsorption mechanisms provides insight into thiazide diuretic efficacy.
P271 Implementing an Acute Asthma Care Bundle
Authors: J E McCreanor, J Pollington, T Stocks, L Chandler
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> In 2010/11 NHS Wakefield District had the highest rate of admissions for acute exacerbation, in adults, within Yorkshire and Humber. The 2009 BTS adult asthma audit highlighted readmission rates within one month to be 19% compared to the national average of 8%. Furthermore, the same audit demonstrated that Pinderfields and Pontefract hospitals (part of Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust) were markedly underperforming, compared to national average, in terms of asthma review, patient education and follow up according to BTS/SIGN guidance. <h3>Aims and objectives</h3> As part of a new asthma service we introduced an adult acute asthma ‘care bundle’ to improve the frequency of asthma review, patient education and improve post admission follow up. We also aimed to reduce 28 day readmission rates by 20% compared to 2010/11. <h3>Methods</h3> In February 2011 Pinderfields General Hospital merged its acute inpatient medical services with Pontefract General Infirmary enabling a restructuring of the respiratory team and creation of a Mid Yorskhire Asthma service. Following a programme of staff education the acute asthma care bundle was introduced for all adult patients attending the Emergency Department and Acute Medical Unit with an exacerbation of asthma. Data were collected prospectively following the introduction of the care bundle and is compared against the 2009 BTS audit data. Data presented is from the first 46 patients. <h3>Outcomes</h3> Following the introduction of the care bundle, inhaler technique assessment was performed in 75.6% of patients, compared to 38% previously. Asthma reviews (including self management plan and asthma education) were performed in 88.9% of patients, compared to 16% previously. Patients were recommended primary care follow up and had arranged secondary care follow up in 80 and 93.3% of admissions, compared to 19 and 37% previously. Furthermore, compared to 2010/11 there was a 66% reduction in 28 day readmissions, mean monthly average reduced from 5.0 to 1.67. <h3>Conclusion</h3> As part of a restructured respiratory and asthma service the introduction of an acute asthma care bundle led to marked improvements of patient management and 28 day readmission rates.
Points from Letters: Optical Aid for Degeneration of the Macula
Authors: D. E. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

some extent those retiring between 1969 and 1972 will be given less than their olleagues who retired after 24 March 1972.This means that there has to be for them a different formula from that for general practitioners retiring after 24 March 1972 and it is on this that there have been some-what protracted negotiations with the De- partment.We have certainly put every pressure on the Department to expedite matters and we hope that with the help of our professional expert advisers we -may be able to reach an early settlement."-ED.,
Screening the elderly in the community: controlled trial of dependency surveillance using a questionnaire administered by volunteers.
Authors: G I Carpenter, G R Demopoulos
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To test the benefits of regular surveillance of the elderly at home using an activities of daily living questionnaire administered by volunteers. DESIGN--Randomised controlled study. PATIENTS--539 Subjects aged 75 and over from two general practices. INTERVENTION--All subjects were visited at the beginning and end of the study by volunteers, who completed a scored activity of daily living questionnaire. The study group were revisited at regular intervals. Individuals with an increase in score greater than 5 were referred to their general practitioners. All interactions with social services and health authorities were recorded for both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mortality, activity of daily living score, total number of days in institutions, geriatric and psychogeriatric service contacts, primary health care team contacts, use of community support services. RESULTS--The study group were admitted to hospital more often than the controls (335 occasions v 252), but the control group spent 33% more days in institutions, mainly in long term admissions to residential accommodation. The number of falls reported in the control group doubled (from 17 before the first interview to 36 before the last) and in the study group remained unchanged (12 before both interviews). The study group received community support services sooner than the control group. There was no difference between the groups in mortality or activity of daily living score. CONCLUSION--Regular visiting of old people at home by non-professional volunteers using a simple activity of daily living questionnaire is a practical way of identifying problems and initiating action for this group.
Book Review Parkinson's Disease: Anatomy, pathology, and therapy (Advances in Neurology. Vol. 53.) Edited by Max B. Streifler, Amos D. Korczyn, Eldad Melamed, and Moussa B.H. Youdim. 596 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1990. $125.
Authors: Patrick Wen, David Schiff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents
Authors: Gordon S. Walbroehl
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  I read with interest the recent article by Deaconson et al1on sleep deprivation in house officers. My associates and I conducted similar studies, although on a much more limited scale, several years ago with medical interns and residents.  Eight house officers on in-house call were studied over a 20-hour period from 8 AM to 4 AM the next day. At 4-hour intervals, each was tested using a eye-hand coordination device that measured both reaction time and decision time.2The values decreased through the day— consistent with the known exponential learning effect. However, at 16 and 20 hours (midnight and 4 AM), the response time was significantly greater (P
A Girl with a Birth Weight of 280 g, Now 14 Years Old
Authors: Jonathan Muraskas, Albert Hasson, Richard E. Besinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: One of us and several colleagues previously reported in the Journal the survival, at 18 months of age, of a girl with extreme symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction; she had a birth weight of 280 g and a length of 25 cm at a gestational age of 26 weeks and 6 days.1 To our knowledge, her birth weight remains the lowest in the world literature. We now report her growth and development at 14 years of age, as she enters high school (Figure 1). At two years of age, our patient had a Mental Development Index score of . . .
Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Authors: Augustus P. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Cambridge, Mass., October 4, 1882. <h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —In the weekly number of this journal under date of September 22 appears an original article entitled "Epidemic Jaundice Among Children," by Alex. Y. P. Garnett, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Clinical Medicine in the National Medical College, Washington, D. C. After considering the subject at some length the author reverts to the "influence of the nervous sytem as one of the causative agents in the question of jaundice." Here he mentions several factors which he regards as having an important bearing on the etiology and origin of such an epidemic. These for the most part I do not now care to consider, but there is one statement made which deserves at least a passing notice; it is this: "The influence of anger upon the saliva of animals, transforming a harmless secretion into an active poison." Again, the author says, "Evidence is not wanting
Occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Trinidad
Authors: Zulaika Ali, Sunney D Alexis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We undertook this study to determine the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is a follow-up study of a consecutive sample of women with GDM in a tertiary care center in Trinidad, West Indies. The cohort was a consecutive sample of 157 women with GDM who delivered in the hospital between June 1981 and December 1984. Of these, a volunteer sample of 60 women (38%) consented to participate 3.5–6.5 yr later. The two groups were remarkably similar in ethnic composition, mean age at index delivery, marital status, and family history of DM. Interviews revealed that 26 women (43%) had already developed DM for which they were receiving treatment. The remaining 34 women (57%) were given a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and fasting and half-hourly venous blood samples were obtained and analyzed for plasma glucose. Based on accepted diagnostic criteria, 11 (32%) of 34 had DM, 10 (29%) had IGT, and 13 (38%) had normal glucose tolerance. A total of 37 (62%) of 60 women had developed DM, and another 10 (17%) had IGT in the intervening 3.5–6.5 yr. The results support findings that GDM is associated with an increased risk of mothers developing DM in later life.
LONG TERM OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CLOSURE OF PATENT FORAMEN OVALE
Authors: Sameer Nagpal, Peter Flueckiger, Michael Halista, Peter Block, John Douglas, Douglas Morris, Stamatios Lerakis, Patrick Willis, David Liff, Fadi Nahab, Vasilis Babaliaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
OTOMYCOSIS: ITS RELATIVE FREQUENCY
Authors: Joseph W. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —Mrs. K., a pregnant woman, aged 33, mother of two children, came to my office, July 28, 1926, complaining of pain, unbearable itching and buzzing in the right ear. The symptoms began gradually two weeks prior to her visit, increasing daily in severity. For the past few days she also noticed a sensation of fulness and could not hear so well in the right ear. Examination of the right external auditory canal revealed a dirty gray, soft mass covering the floor and the anterior wall of the canal, and extending onto the drum membrane. Believing this mass to be a mixture of exfoliated epithelium and cerumen, I proceeded to syringe the canal. This brought forth a smooth, soft, slippery mass and revealed an inflamed canal and drum membrane. She was then advised to instil a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water into the canal several times daily, and sent
Fractal signature analysis measures cancellous bone organisation in macroradiographs of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Authors: J C Buckland-Wright, J A Lynch, D G Macfarlane
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To determine whether fractal signature analysis (FSA) of digitised macroradiographs of knees quantifies alterations in trabecular structure in the tibial cancellous bone of osteoarthritic patients with either early or definite joint space narrowing compared with non-arthritic subjects.90 osteoarthritic knees had macroradiographs at x5 magnification. Joint space width and FSA of horizontal and vertical trabecular organisation in the tibial subarticular cancellous bone were measured in the medial and lateral tibio-femoral compartments and compared to reference values obtained from the knees of 14 healthy non-arthritic volunteers, and to the subject's age and weight.Compared to the non-arthritic joints, FSA of the trabecular structure of the medial diseased compartment of the tibia was significantly different and correlated with the degree of joint space narrowing (P < 0.003); FSA of horizontal trabecular structures decreased (P < 0.001) in knees with early osteoarthritis (joint space > 3 mm) and vertical trabecular FSA increased in knees with marked joint space narrowing (joint space < 3 mm). In the lateral compartment of the tibia, FSA did not show a difference between any of the categories. With increasing age of all subjects, the changes in FSA indicated a significant increase in the number of fine horizontal and vertical trabeculae. No correlation was found between the subjects' body weight and changes in the subarticular cancellous bone organisation.FSA quantifies changes in cancellous bone organisation in knee osteoarthritis. In the diseased compartment, increased horizontal trabecular thickness occurred early and preceded the later changes in the vertical structures.
Effect of preload on ischaemic and non-ischaemic left ventricular regional function
Authors: G. A GEFFIN, L. J DROP, J. B NEWELL, R. G JOHNSON, D. D O'KEEFE, R. S TEPLICK, J. S TITUS, W. M DAGGETT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Effect of preload on ischaemic and non-ischaemic left ventricular regional function Get access GILLIAN A GEFFIN, GILLIAN A GEFFIN **From the Surgical Cardiovascular, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‡From the Departments of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LAMBERTUS J DROP, LAMBERTUS J DROP †From the Anaesthesia Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‖From the Departments of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN B NEWELL, JOHN B NEWELL §From the Departments of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT G JOHNSON, ROBERT G JOHNSON ¶ **From the Surgical Cardiovascular, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‡From the Departments of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ¶Present address: Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DENNIS D O'KEEFE, DENNIS D O'KEEFE **From the Surgical Cardiovascular, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‡From the Departments of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD S TEPLICK, RICHARD S TEPLICK †From the Anaesthesia Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‖From the Departments of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES S TITUS, JAMES S TITUS **From the Surgical Cardiovascular, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILLARD M DAGGETT WILLARD M DAGGETT **From the Surgical Cardiovascular, Boston, Massachusetts, USA‡From the Departments of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1986, Pages 415–427, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.6.415 Published: 01 June 1986