tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the alveolar macrophage superoxide production by protein phosphorylation.
Authors: H J Forman, H Zhou, E Gozal, M Torres
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Stimulation of alveolar macrophages (AM) with adenosine-5-diphosphate (ADP) results in transient production of superoxide anion radical (O2.-; superoxide) and H2O2 in a metabolic event known as the respiratory burst. Initiation of the respiratory burst appears to depend on activation of protein kinase activity, whereas protein phosphatases might involved in termination of the burst. The involvement of protein kinase C was suggested by inhibition by bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X), a relatively specific inhibitor. KN-62, an inhibitor of calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II, also partly inhibited the respiratory burst stimulated by ADP and phorbol esters. The role of protein phosphatases in termination of the ADP-stimulated respiratory burst of AM was examined with calyculin A (CA) (25-75 nM) or okadaic acid (OA) (1-5 microM), two inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1 and 2a (PP1;PP2a). A dose-dependent prolongation of the respiratory burst was observed in the presence of these inhibitors. CA and OA also markedly enhanced the rate of superoxide production stimulated by ADP, consistent with involvement of PP1/PP2a in regulating both the rate of activation and timing of termination. Treatment of AM with cyclosporin A (CsA) (1-50 microM), an inhibitor of the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase 2b (PP2b), stimulated superoxide production by itself and significantly prolonged the duration of ADP-stimulated superoxide production. CsA, however, did not increase the ADP-stimulated rate of superoxide production. Thus, PP1/PP2a appear to be the primary phosphatases for controlling the intensity of the respiratory burst during receptor-elicited superoxide production in AM, whereas PP1/PP2a and PP2b play a role in turning off the respiratory burst.
European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases: II. Comparison of outcomes and exposures – a GA<sup>2</sup>LEN initiative
Authors: T. Keil, M. Kulig, A. Simpson, A. Custovic, M. Wickman, I. Kull, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, K. H. Carlsen, H. A. Smit, A. H. Wijga, S. Schmid, A. Von Berg, C. Bollrath, E. Eller, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, S. Halken, A. Høst, J. Heinrich, M. P. Fantini, B. Brunekreef, U. Krämer, S. N. Willich, U. Wahn, S. Lau
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA 2 LEN) is a consortium of 26 leading European research centres committed to establish a European research area of excellence in the field of allergy and asthma. Aim: One of the GA 2 LEN work packages was designed to identify and compare the existing European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases. The present review compares their subjective and objective outcomes as well as exposure variables. Methods: A common database was established to assess study characteristics of observational birth cohort studies designed to examine asthma and atopic diseases. Data were collected by visiting most of the participating research teams and interviewing all relevant study personnel. For each study, the type of objective/subjective outcome parameters and potentially influential factors were recorded precisely for every time point during follow‐up. Results: Eighteen birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases were identified in eight European countries. Thirteen studies collected data on specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to various inhalant and food allergens, whereas 12 performed skin prick tests (many at several time points during follow up). Several studies measured lung function, but across the cohorts no comparable standard procedures were used. For subjective evaluation of asthma and allergic rhinitis most studies applied the ISAAC questionnaire (sometimes modified), whereas the assessment of eczema was rather heterogeneous across the studies. Conclusion: This GA 2 LEN initiative established a unique common database of 18 European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. For selected cohorts, it seems that pooling data and performing common analyses may be possible to examine associations between certain exposure variables (e.g. pet ownership, tobacco smoke exposure and day‐care) and selected outcome measures for atopy, asthma or allergic rhinitis (e.g. sensitization assessed by IgE or skin prick tests, doctor's diagnosis of asthma, parental perception regarding asthma/wheezing or hay fever symptoms).
Sodium Dextrothyroxine and Sodium Levothyroxine
Authors: Paul Starr
Journal: JAMA (1960)

It has been reported1that sodium dextrothyroxine (Dextroid) can reduce the serum cholesterol concentration in myxedematous patients in a dosage which does not raise the basal metabolic rate or potentiate the electrocardiogram. Other studies2indicate that this drug lowers the serum cholesterol level in euthyroid idiopathic and diabetic hypercholesteremic patients. Such effects might be due to the admixture of a small percentage of the levoisomer in the large amount of dextroisomer used in these patients, but the following case report makes this seem unlikely.  Report of a Case  A 64-year-old woman had a total thyroidectomy in 1951 which resulted in athyreosis, indicated by a serum protein-bound iodine level of 1.6 mcg.% and a 3% increase in radioactive iodine uptake after the administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone.  Relief of myxedema was attempted, but the development of angina pectoris during the administration of desiccated thyroid necessitated a decrease in the dosage.
Posttransplant recoarctation of the aorta: a twelve year experience
Authors: Girish S. Shirali, Constance E. Cephus, Micheal A. Kuhn, Kay K. Ogata, Laura K. Vander Dussen, Richard E. Chinnock, Neda F. Mulla, Joyce K. Johnston, Leonard L. Bailey, Steven R. Gundry, Anees J. Razzouk, Ranae L. Larsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
An unusual case of systemic lupus erythematosus with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy, fulminant acute pneumonitis, and pulmonary amyloidosis.
Authors: C N Chan, E Li, F M Lai, J A Pang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A 53 year old Chinese man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had an isolated 12th nerve palsy and acute pneumonitis. He died of respiratory failure despite intensive treatment. A limited necropsy was performed, and amyloid deposits were identified in both lung and kidney tissue. This case is highly unusual because (a) to our knowledge an isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy associated with active SLE has never been reported; (b) only one of nine reported cases of amyloidosis in patients with SLE had amyloid deposits in the lung.
Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms via Smooth Muscle Cell Necrosis and Inflammation
Authors: Qiwei Wang, Zhenjie Liu, Jun Ren, Stephanie Morgan, Carmel Assa, Bo Liu
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale: Depletion of medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) is a major pathological characteristic of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), although the mechanism by which these cells are eliminated remains incompletely understood. We reasoned that necroptosis, a recently described form of necrosis mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), may contribute to AAA pathology through the induction of SMC death and the significant production of inflammatory cytokines. Objective: To test the hypothesis that RIP3-mediated necroptosis is actively involved in aneurysm pathogenesis. Methods and Results: RIP3 and RIP1 levels were found to be elevated in human AAAs, most noticeably in SMCs. Elevations of RIP3 and SMC necrosis were also observed in the elastase-induced mouse model of AAAs. Deletion of one or both copies of Rip3 prevented AAA formation. By transplanting Rip3 +/− aortae to Rip3 +/+ mice, we demonstrated that reduced Rip3 expression in arterial wall was the primary cause of aneurysm resistance. In vitro, adenoviral overexpression of RIP3 was sufficient to trigger SMC necroptosis. Protein kinase C-delta contributed to tumor necrosis factor-α–induced SMC necroptosis by regulating Rip3 expression. Furthermore, Rip3 deficiency impaired tumor necrosis factor-α–induced inflammatory gene expression in aortic SMCs, which was at least in part because of attenuation of p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. In vivo, the lack of RIP3 diminished activation of p65 in SMCs, implicating a necrosis independent function of RIP3 in aneurysms. Conclusions: Enhanced RIP3 signaling in aneurysmal tissues contributes to AAA progression by causing SMC necroptosis, as well as stimulating vascular inflammation, and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
Abstract 1365: Sun protection practices among melanoma survivors.
Authors: Jeremy Puthumana, Leah Ferrucci, Susan Mayne, Donald Lannin, Anees Chagpar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Unprotected sun exposure is a key risk factor for melanoma and further exposure to ultraviolet radiation after a melanoma diagnosis may increase the risk of a subsequent melanoma. We sought to determine whether melanoma survivors observed sun protection practices more vigilantly than the rest of the population. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is an annual, cross-sectional survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States on a wide range of health topics. We used the 2010 NHIS data on self-reported history of melanoma, sun protection practices, and indoor tanning to determine if individuals with a previous history of melanoma adhered more to sun protection practices than the general population. Results: In 2010, the NHIS surveyed 27,120 adults, of whom 171 (0.74%) had a prior history of melanoma. 54.8% of melanoma survivors were men, and 10.2% were under the age of 40. More melanoma survivors reported they always stay in the shade than the general population (15.6% vs. 10.5%, p&amp;lt;0.001); however, 15.4% of melanoma survivors still reported rarely or never staying in the shade. Melanoma survivors were more likely (than their general population counterparts) to always wear a baseball cap/visor (31.3% vs. 18.4%, p=0.028), a wide-brimmed hat (20.5% vs. 6.1%, p&amp;lt;0.001), and a long-sleeved shirt (12.0% vs. 5.2%, p=0.003) when going outside on a warm, sunny day for more than one hour. They were also more likely to report always using sunscreen (32.0% vs. 17.2%, p=0.005); however, 27.3% of melanoma survivors reported never wearing sunscreen when going outside on a warm sunny day for more than one hour. No significant relationship was found between melanoma survivors and the general population in wearing long pants/skirts on a sunny day (22.2% of melanoma survivors always wear such clothing versus 17.7% of the general population, p=0.404). In addition, melanoma survivors were less likely to have used indoor tanning devices in the past 12 months than the general public (2.1% vs. 5.5%, p=0.009). Conclusion: Melanoma survivors, in general, engage in more sun protection practices than the general population. However, the fact that many do not seek shade and never use sunscreen, and some reported tanning bed use, remains a concern for their skin cancer risk. Citation Format: Jeremy Puthumana, Leah Ferrucci, Susan Mayne, Donald Lannin, Anees Chagpar. Sun protection practices among melanoma survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1365. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1365
Complement factor 5 is a quantitative trait gene that modifies liver fibrogenesis in mice and humans
Authors: Sonja Hillebrandt, Hermann E Wasmuth, Ralf Weiskirchen, Claus Hellerbrand, Hildegard Keppeler, Alexa Werth, Ramin Schirin-Sokhan, Gabriele Wilkens, Andreas Geier, Johann Lorenzen, Jörg Köhl, Axel M Gressner, Siegfried Matern, Frank Lammert
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Erratum Extra=Ordinarium.
Authors: Oscar H. Allis
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Philadelphia, Pa., March 27, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the report furnished you of the regular meeting of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, held March 8, I am reported as saying "that a wrong spirit pervaded this teaching when in so short a time the names of Gross, Pancoast and Agnew were almost forgotten." The discussion was upon the proper method of teaching anatomy, and what I said was that anatomy dealt with the work of the Infinite, was eternal and unchangeable, and will be the same a century hence that it was a century ago—that if the elder Pancoast were to return he could take up the anatomy of hernia or the lecture of to-morrow and no one would notice any staleness or discordance between his teaching and that of the most modern lecturer—but not so in the subject of surgery. Surgery is man's work and is progressive. The
Association Between Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration and Obesity Prevalence in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Leonardo Trasande, Teresa M. Attina, Jan Blustein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Context Bisphenol A (BPA), a manufactured chemical, is found in canned food, polycarbonate-bottled liquids, and other consumer products.In adults, elevated urinary BPA concentrations are associated with obesity and incident coronary artery disease.BPA exposure is plausibly linked to childhood obesity, but evidence is lacking to date.Objective To examine associations between urinary BPA concentration and body mass outcomes in children. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative subsample of 2838 participants aged 6 through 19 years randomly selected for measurement of urinary BPA concentration in the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (BMI), converted to sex-and agestandardized z scores and used to classify participants as overweight (BMI Ն85th percentile for age/sex) or obese (BMI Ն95th percentile).Results Median urinary BPA concentration was 2.8 ng/mL (interquartile range, 1.5-5.6).Of the participants, 1047 (34.1% [SE, 1.5%]) were overweight and 590 (17.8% [SE, 1.3%]) were obese.Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, caregiver education, poverty to income ratio, sex, serum cotinine level, caloric intake, television watching, and urinary creatinine level, children in the lowest urinary BPA quartile had a lower estimated prevalence of obesity (10.3% [95% CI, 7.5%-13.1%])than those in quartiles 2 (20.1% [95% CI, 14.5%-25.6%]),3 (19.0%[95% CI, 13.7%-24.2%]),and 4 (22.3%[95% CI, 16.6%-27.9%]).Similar patterns of association were found in multivariable analyses examining the association between quartiled urinary BPA concentration and BMI z score and in analyses that examined the logarithm of urinary BPA concentration and the prevalence of obesity.Obesity was not associated with exposure to other environmental phenols commonly used in other consumer products, such as sunscreens and soaps.In stratified analysis, significant associations between urinary BPA concentrations and obesity were found among whites (PϽ.001) but not among blacks or Hispanics.Conclusions Urinary BPA concentration was significantly associated with obesity in this cross-sectional study of children and adolescents.Explanations of the association cannot rule out the possibility that obese children ingest food with higher BPA content or have greater adipose stores of BPA.
Orbital Polymyositis and Giant Cell Myocarditis
Authors: Martin L. Leib, Jeffrey G. Odel, Michael J. Cooney
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

Orbital polymyositis associated with giant cell myocarditis rarely has been reported in the literature. The authors report the clinical, neuroradiographic, and histopathologic features of the only patient to survive this usually fatal syndrome after cardiac transplantation.This 22-year-old white woman presented in 1991 with periorbital redness, swelling, and pain in both eyes that was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Results of her examination were significant for limited extraocular movements, ptosis, erythema, edema, chemosis, and exophthalmos. Electrocardiogram and chest x-ray were normal. Orbital computed tomographic scan showed swelling of the extraocular muscles up to and including their insertions. The patient was given the diagnosis of orbital polymyositis and her condition improved clinically and radiographically while taking parenteral steroids. One month after discharge, the patient was in cardiogenic shock. Endomyocardial biopsy showed giant cell myocarditis, and the patient underwent emergent cardiac transplantation. Despite a complicated postoperative course, the patient has done remarkably well.Although this disorder is rare, this case suggests the need for a high index of suspicion for giant cell myocarditis in patients with inflammatory orbital polymyositis. In non-Graves orbital polymyositis the patient should be questioned and instructed concerning the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Chest x-ray, Holter monitoring, and electrocardiogram also should be performed and be repeated with an echocardiogram if there are any cardiac symptoms. In addition, early endomyocardial biopsy should be considered in the proper clinical setting, allowing timely diagnosis and expeditious cardiac transplantation.
Antithyroid-Thyroid Therapy for Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent THERAPEUTIC GRAND ROUNDS (213:1652, 1970), Dr. William Green, the discussant in an exercise entitled "Management of Juvenile Hyperthyroidism," alludes to combined use of an antithyroid drug and thyroid replacement for therapy for this disorder. Dr. Green cites the Billings' Lecture delivered by Dr. John Eager Howard (<b>202</b>:706-709, 1967) as a supporting reference. With due deference to Dr. Howard's serendipitous discovery of antithyroid-thyroid therapy for thyrotoxicosis, scientific credits for introducing this approach to therapy should be clarified. Fraser and Wilkinson (<i>Brit Med J</i><b>1</b>:481-484, 1953) were, to my knowledge, the first to publish objective clinical data on the use of thyroid hormones together with antithyroid drugs. These investigators surely deserve the primary citation. Their report reviewed animal research supporting the physiologic basis for this usage and referred to other investigators who had previously recommended combined therapy. Their findings were substantiated later by Bergfelt
128. Evaluation of a CD46-Transgenic Mouse as a Model for Adenovirus Distribution and Expression
Authors: Emma Andersson, Ida Grundberg, Karin Edlund, Göran Wadell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Wild-type mice do not naturally express CD46, a protein expressed on all nucleated human cells and proposed to be the functional receptor for Adenoviruses (Ad) of species B. Mice do however express a homologue to human coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR), the common Ad receptor for several serotypes, including Ad5p (species C) and Ad4 (species E).
Sports injuries survey on university students in Hong Kong.
Authors: K. M. Chan, F. Fu, L. Leung
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

A sports injuries survey was conducted among 1714 students of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The common sports involved in injuries were Soccer (26%), Basketball (18%), Cycling (11%), Track and field athletics (11%) and Swimming (10%). The lower limb usually took the brunt of the injuries (67%) followed by the upper limb (28%) and spinal injuries were relatively uncommon (3%). The majority of the injuries were mild to moderate and the commonest ones were abrasion (37%), contusion (21%), cramp (20%), sprains (9%), and strains (7%). Of the injuries 80% recovered in less than 10 days and 50% of them were self-treated. However, a significant group of more severe injuries was recorded: fracture, concussion and heat stroke which demanded special medical attention and longer period for recovery. The pattern of treatment was also unique in that traditional Chinese methods of treatment were sought more frequently than special orthopaedic advice. The preventive aspects of sports injuries was not well recognised with only 40% of the students regularly practising warm-up exercises, 18% stretching exercises and 4% using protective aids. More educational programmes and studies were indicated. The set up of a sports injury clinic is recommended with the utilisation of a sports injury reporting system.
When and Whom To Screen
Authors: Raymond Gambino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 December 1993When and Whom To ScreenRaymond Gambino, MD and Robert Galen, MDRaymond Gambino, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Robert Galen, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Dr. Schapira and colleagues [1] and the accompanying editorial by Dr. Pauker [2] reach a correct conclusion by a misleading analysis. Screening for ovarian cancer is indeed ineffective, but not because the disease is rare. Screening is ineffective because we do not know the cause of the disease and do not have effective therapy.Something is wrong with their application of decision analysis when it leads to such a nihilistic conclusion (that very limited benefit can be obtained through screening with a perfect test with a riskless work-up for a uniformly fatal disease becausewhen ...References1. Schapira MM, Matchar DB, Young MJ. The effectiveness of ovarian cancer screening: a decision analysis model. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:838-43. Google Scholar2. Pauker SG. Deciding about screening. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 901-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1150-1152KeywordsBirthCancer screeningDecision analysisOvarian cancerPhenylketonuriaQuality of life ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Reductio ad Absurdum of Medical Legislation in the State of Michigan.
Authors: Donald Maclean
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Detroit, Mich., March 16, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For several years past two very definite opinions on the above-named subject have been held and repeatedly expressed by the writer in terms which could not be regarded by any one as ambiguous. One is that a righteous and efficient law to regulate the practice of medicine in Michigan has hitherto been and now is an<i>unattainable Utopian</i>consummation the "viability" of which ceases at the stage of "most devoutly to be wished." The other is that the methods, devices and expedients to which members of "the profession" have stooped in their frantic efforts to overtake and seize hold of this "will o' the wisp" have been not only futile and vexatiously disappointing but to the last degree discreditable and degrading. In the summer of 1896 I ventured in a short series of open letters inThe Journal, to implore my professional