tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Genetics: Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as Guides
Authors: Rody P. Cox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 August 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Genetics: Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as GuidesRody P. CoxRody P. CoxUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Genetics: Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as GuidesGeorge J. Annas and Sherman Elias; eds. 291 pages. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992. $39.95.The objective of the Human Genome Project is to prepare a physical map of the DNA in each human chromosome that will provide high resolution landmarks for gene localization and eventually a sequence of the human genome. This project will identify and localize the more than 50 000 genes that humans possess. The results will have a major impact on clinical medicine. This book deals with the important ethical and legal problems resulting from this ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 351KeywordsGene mappingGenetic diseasesGenetic predispositionGeneticsHeredityHuman geneticsMedical geneticsPatient advocacyPatientsPolycystic kidney disease ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Subtype-Selective and Balanced Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model of Vascular Restenosis
Authors: William R. Huckle, Marlene D. Drag, Wayne R. Acker, Michele Powers, Rosemary C. McFall, Daniel J. Holder, Tsuneo Fujita, Inez I. Stabilito, Dooseop Kim, Debra L. Ondeyka, Nathan B. Mantlo, Raymond S.L. Chang, Christopher F. Reilly, Robert S. Schwartz, William J. Greenlee, Robert G. Johnson Jr
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to inhibit intimal hyperplasia after balloon dilation of noncoronary arteries in small-animal models, suggesting an important role for Ang II in the response to injury. Although ACE inhibitors have not been similarly effective in nonhuman coronary models or in human restenosis trials, questions remain regarding the efficacy ACE inhibitors against tissue ACE and the contributions of ACE-independent pathways of Ang II generation. Unlike ACE inhibitors, Ang II receptor antagonists have the potential to inhibit responses to Ang II independent of its biosynthetic origin.In separate studies, three Ang II receptor antagonists, including AT1 selective (L-158,809), balanced AT1/AT2 (L-163,082), and AT2 selective (L-164,282) agents, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit vascular intimal thickening in a porcine coronary artery model of vascular injury. Preliminary studies in a rat carotid artery model revealed that constant infusion of L-158,809 (0.3 or 1.0 mg X kg-1 X d-1) reduced the neointimal cross-sectional area by up to 37% measured 14 days after balloon dilatation. In the porcine studies, animals were treated with vehicle or test compound beginning 2 days before and extending 28 days after experimental angioplasty. Left anterior descending, left circumflex, and/or right coronary arteries were injured by inflation of commercially available angioplasty balloons with placement of coiled metallic stents. Infusion of L-158,809 (1 mg X kg-1 X d-1), L-163,082 (1 mg X kg-1 X d-1), or L-164,282 (1.5 mg X kg-1 X d-1) in the study animals yielded plasma drug levels sufficient either to chronically block or, for L-164,282, to spare pressor responses to exogenous Ang II. Neither L-158,809, L-163,082, nor L-164,282 had statistically significant effects (P=.12, P=.75, and P=.48, respectively, compared with vehicle-treated controls) on neointimal thickness (normalized for degree of injury) measured by morphometric analysis at day 28 after angioplasty.These findings indicate that chronic blockade of Ang II receptors by either site-selective or balanced AT1/AT2 antagonists is insufficient to inhibit intimal hyperplasia after experimental coronary vascular injury in the pig. The results further suggest that, unlike in the rat carotid artery, Ang II is not a major mediator of intimal thickening in the pig coronary artery.
Proteomic analysis of plasma from patients during an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Petra J. Mateos-Cáceres, Antonio García-Méndez, Antonio López Farré, Carlos Macaya, Antonio Núñez, Juan Gómez, Sergio Alonso-Orgaz, Carolina Carrasco, Marta Escribano Burgos, Raimundo de Andrés, Juan J. Granizo, Jerónimo Farré, Luis A. Rico
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Dangerous to Your Health: Capitalism in Health Care
Authors: Howard Waitzkin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

With this masterful book, Vicente Navarro makes another outstanding contribution to the national health policy debate in the United States and further advances his position as one of this country's foremost policy analysts. In his work over the past four decades, Navarro has emerged as a persuasive critic of the US health care system and as a widely respected proponent of a single-payer national health program. Previously, he has provided sophisticated international comparisons of policies in Europe, Canada, and Latin America. He has done a great service to students of the US system through his brilliant analysis of social class, racism, and sexism as major barriers to be overcome. In particular, he has called attention consistently to the importance of social class as a determinant of access to services, health outcomes, and power in policymaking. The present book is part of an ambitious series that Monthly Review Press is publishing
EbpA vaccine antibodies block binding of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to fibrinogen to prevent catheter-associated bladder infection in mice
Authors: Ana L. Flores-Mireles, Jerome S. Pinkner, Michael G. Caparon, Scott J. Hultgren
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Binding to host fibrinogen is a critical event in Enterococcus faecalis pathogenesis in catheter-associated urinary tract infections in mice.
Physicians Enamored of Adventurous Life Make the Great Outdoors Safer for All
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOCIETY (WMS) members practice "a different kind of medicine," according to secretary/treasurer Paul S. Auerbach, MD, director of the Emergency Department at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tenn. "It's taking care of basically healthy, happy people who get into trouble while pursuing exciting adventurous activities, as opposed to taking care of people who smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, beat each other up, and deserve to get into trouble." This forthright assessment exemplifies the down-to-earth (or up on the mountain or out in the ocean) nature of the proceedings at the second annual meeting of the Wilderness Medical Society, held in conjunction with a Wilderness Medicine Symposium cosponsored by the WMS and the Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), School of Medicine. Psysicians and other health care professionals who love the outdoors met in Snowmass, Colo, to exchange ideas and update their knowledge
Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy Clinical Trials
Authors: Svend O Freytag, Hans Stricker, Benjamin Movsas, Jae Ho Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Despite recent advances in early detection and treatment, prostate cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States, and approximately 27,000 men will die from it this year. Better treatments are needed for aggressive forms of localized disease and hormone-refractory metastatic disease. Recently, several gene therapy strategies have generated provocative results in early-stage clinical trials, raising the possibility that gene therapy may have the potential to affect both localized and metastatic disease. Much work lies ahead. Nevertheless, for the time being, these studies provide hope that gene therapy may someday earn a place in the management of prostate cancer. Despite recent advances in early detection and treatment, prostate cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States, and approximately 27,000 men will die from it this year. Better treatments are needed for aggressive forms of localized disease and hormone-refractory metastatic disease. Recently, several gene therapy strategies have generated provocative results in early-stage clinical trials, raising the possibility that gene therapy may have the potential to affect both localized and metastatic disease. Much work lies ahead. Nevertheless, for the time being, these studies provide hope that gene therapy may someday earn a place in the management of prostate cancer.
Democrats push for stem cell research in US
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
THE ASSOCIATION OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENCE ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Authors: Tauseef Ahmad Khan, Marietta Charakida, Alicja Rapala, Frida Dangardt, Debbie A. Lawlor, George Davey-Smith, John Deanfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
New malaria vaccine shows promise
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An experimental malaria vaccine designed to protect the host from each stage of the parasite's life cycle has shown promise in animal trials (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1999;96:1615-20).

Researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, have created a recombinant, multivalent vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite. This vaccine differs from previous vaccines because it …
Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women. Evidence of substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause.
Authors: B L Riggs, H W Wahner, L J Melton, L S Richelson, H L Judd, K P Offord
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We made longitudinal measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in 139 normal women (ages 20-88 yr) at midradius (99% cortical bone) and lumbar spine (approximately 70% trabecular bone) by single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. BMD was measured 2-6 (median, 3) times over an interval of 0.8-3.4 yr (median, 2.1 yr). For midradius, BMD did not change (+0.48%/yr, NS) before menopause but decreased (-1.01%/yr, P less than 0.001) after menopause. For lumbar spine, there was significant bone loss both before (-1.32%/yr, P less than 0.001) and after (-0.97%/yr, P = 0.006) menopause; these rates did not differ significantly from each other. Our data show that before menopause little, if any, bone is lost from the appendicular skeleton but substantial amounts are lost from the axial skeleton. Thus, factors in addition to estrogen deficiency must contribute to pathogenesis of involutional osteoporosis in women because about half of overall vertebral bone loss occurs premenopausally.
Influenza A/H1N1 MF59 adjuvanted vaccine in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcomes: multicentre study
Authors: F. Rubinstein, P. Micone, A. Bonotti, V. Wainer, A. Schwarcz, F. Augustovski, A. Pichon Riviere, A. Karolinski
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the risk of adverse perinatal events of vaccination of pregnant women with an MF59 adjuvanted vaccine. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional multicentre study. <b>Setting</b> 49 public hospitals in major cities in Argentina, from September 2010 to May 2011. <b>Participants</b> 30 448 mothers (7293 vaccinated) and their 30 769 newborns. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Primary composite outcome of low birth weight, preterm delivery, or fetal or early neonatal death up to seven days postpartum. <b>Results</b> Vaccinated women had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (7.0% (n=513) <i>v</i> 9.3% (n=2160); adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.89). The propensity score analysis showed similar results. Adjusted odds ratios for vaccinated women were 0.74 (0.65 to 0.83) for low birth weight, 0.79 (0.69 to 0.90) for preterm delivery, and 0.68 (0.42 to 1.06) for perinatal mortality. These findings were consistent in further subgroup analysis. No significant differences in maternal outcomes were found. <b>Conclusion</b> This large study using primary data collection found that MF59 adjuvanted A/H1N1 influenza vaccine did not result in an increased risk of adverse perinatal events and suggested a lower risk among vaccinated women. These findings should contribute to inform stakeholders and decision makers on the prescription of vaccination against influenza A/H1N1 in pregnant women.
Twelve‐year follow‐up after discontinuation of preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy in childhood
Authors: P. A. Eng, M. Borer‐Reinhold, I. A. F. M. Heijnen, H. P. E. Gnehm
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: In a previous controlled study, we demonstrated that preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy for 3 years was effective in children. Moreover, a significant clinical benefit could still be observed 6 years after discontinuation of specific immunotherapy (SIT). In the current study, we examined the same group of patients again to investigate whether there is a prolonged benefit 12 years after SIT is stopped. Methods: Twenty‐two patients with previous SIT (from 1989 through 1991) or standardized seasonal pharmacotherapy only were prospectively followed during the grass pollen season of 2003. Primary end points were symptom score, medication use, and combined symptom and medication score. In addition, skin prick test reactivity, development of new sensitizations, and prevalence of seasonal asthma were evaluated. Results: Total hay fever symptom score ( P &lt; 0.03), use of medication ( P &lt; 0.05), and combined symptom and medication score ( P &lt; 0.03) remained lower in patients with previous SIT when compared with the control group. Decreased immediate skin response to grass pollen returned 12 years after cessation of SIT. The percentage of new sensitization, however, continued to be significantly smaller in patients with previous SIT (58%) compared with the controls (100%, P &lt; 0.05). There was a tendency for lower prevalence of seasonal asthma in the post‐SIT group ( P = 0.08). Conclusion: This prospective controlled prolonged follow‐up study demonstrates the ongoing clinical benefit 12 years after discontinuation of SIT. Furthermore, the reduction in onset of new sensitization, which was found 6 years after discontinuation of SIT, is sustained 6 years later.
A CASE OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.Read before the Kings County Medical Association, March 10, 1891.
Authors: F. C. RAYNOR
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The following history of a case, which I present for discussion, is of interest,<i>first</i>, from the difficulty in making a diagnosis;<i>secondly</i>, from the manner in which the obstruction was produced;<i>thirdly</i>, from the amount of intestine occluded. The patient, a colored woman, aged 57, weighing about 175 lbs, single, and a cook by occupation, was taken, two days before I was called, with a sudden and severe pain while ascending the stairs, and it was some little time before she was able to proceed, and then with much difficulty she reached her room. Later she had occasional colicky pains, and vomited some biliary matter. As the bowels had not moved for several days, she was given an enema, which only brought away a few hard fæcal masses. For her pain she had been using hot applications. These symptoms continuing, I was sent for. On my first visit, May
Glucokinase and IRS-2 are required for compensatory cell hyperplasia in response to high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance
Authors: Y. Terauchi, I. Takamoto, N. Kubota, J. Matsui, R. Suzuki, K. Komeda, A. Hara, Y. Toyoda, I. Miwa, S. Aizawa, S. Tsutsumi, Y. Tsubamoto, S. Hashimoto, K. Eto, A. Nakamura, M. Noda, K. Tobe, H. Aburatani, R. Nagai, T. Kadowaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Glucokinase (Gck) functions as a glucose sensor for insulin secretion, and in mice fed standard chow, haploinsufficiency of β cell–specific Gck (Gck+/–) causes impaired insulin secretion to glucose, although the animals have a normal β cell mass. When fed a high-fat (HF) diet, wild-type mice showed marked β cell hyperplasia, whereas Gck+/– mice demonstrated decreased β cell replication and insufficient β cell hyperplasia despite showing a similar degree of insulin resistance. DNA chip analysis revealed decreased insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) expression in HF diet–fed Gck+/– mouse islets compared with wild-type islets. Western blot analyses confirmed upregulated Irs2 expression in the islets of HF diet–fed wild-type mice compared with those fed standard chow and reduced expression in HF diet–fed Gck+/– mice compared with those of HF diet–fed wild-type mice. HF diet–fed Irs2+/– mice failed to show a sufficient increase in β cell mass, and overexpression of Irs2 in β cells of HF diet–fed Gck+/– mice partially prevented diabetes by increasing β cell mass. These results suggest that Gck and Irs2 are critical requirements for β cell hyperplasia to occur in response to HF diet–induced insulin resistance.
Subgroup Interactions in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
Authors: Curt D. Furberg, Eric Vittinghoff, Michael Davidson, David M. Herrington, Joel A. Simon, Nanette K. Wenger, Stephen Hulley
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) showed no overall benefit of postmenopausal hormone treatment in women with coronary heart disease (CHD). We analyzed the HERS data to determine whether there were specific subgroups of women who responded differently to treatment, either during the first year or in the overall study. Methods and Results — In the search for significant treatment interactions, we analyzed a total of 86 subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. These included demographics and lifestyle factors, laboratory and physical examination variables, medical history and symptoms by self-report, medication use, and prior CHD history by chart review. We examined within-subgroup treatment effects for baseline variables that significantly interacted with treatment assignment. Under the null hypothesis, 4 (5%) of the 86 interactions would be expected to be nominally significant ( P &lt;0.05) by chance alone at each time point. Six of the interaction values were P &lt;0.05 at 1 year, and 3 were P &lt;0.05 at trial completion. The findings are discussed in the context of known mechanisms of action and prior scientific knowledge. Use of digitalis and history of myocardial infarction emerged as 2 possible modifiers of the effect of hormone therapy during the first year, and lipoprotein(a) emerged as a possible modifier during the overall study. Conclusions — Extensive post hoc analyses did not identify any subgroup of HERS participants in which postmenopausal hormone treatment was clearly beneficial or harmful, but several possibilities emerged for testing in future trials.
Preoperative Banditry: Surgeons React
Authors: F. Wayland Marks
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The November 10 issue of<i>JAMA</i>includes a worrisome account by Ms Richmond.<sup>1</sup>A surgeon's office had required a $5000 cash fee up front prior to performing surgery on an elderly patient in pain. I suggest that Ms Richmond contact the surgeon directly to determine if in fact that is the surgeon's policy. Occasionally, an aggressive business manager could take unwarranted responsibility and make demands unknown by the physician. If the surgeon indeed conducts his practice in that manner, I recommend (1) contacting the local medical society and asking its representative to review the surgeon's policy, (2) sending a copy of "About 'Face'" to the local newspaper, (3) letting the surgeon know that you obviously are dissatisfied with this manner of care and obtaining another surgeon, (4) letting any referring physicians know that you are dissatisfied with the services of the surgeon and that you are