tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Commonwealth games and "Delhi belly": what India can learn from LA
Authors: Karunesh Tuli
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Waiting to be seated in a restaurant in Delhi, patrons are likely to see pictures of Ganesha, Lakshmi, and Mohandas Gandhi and a plaque with the phrase “Cleanliness is next to godliness.” Ganesha, the elephant headed deity, is the remover of obstacles but may owe his place in the eatery to his fondness for sweets and his great belly. Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, sits next to the cash register. Gandhi, who perfected hunger as political protest, is the odd one in the bunch; hollow cheeked and lean framed, he was better known for his fruit and goat’s milk diet than for worldly cravings. It is his experiments with sanitation, rather than his status as the “father of the nation,” that justify his presence next to the sign and the gods. Oppressed by the stench at a session of the Indian Congress in Calcutta in 1901, he assigned himself the task of cleaning the latrine.

Delhi is getting ready …
STERILITY OF THE MALE AFTER SYMPATHECTOMIES
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The surgical literature contains many references to the loss of the power of ejaculation from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland when the first lumbar sympathetic ganglion is removed.<sup>1</sup>The preganglionic motor fibers leave the spinal column through the upper lumbar white rami and join the presacral nerve through the lumbar sympathetic chain and the lateral roots of the superior hypogastric plexus. Presacral neurectomy destroys the postganglionic neuron, and, while libido and orgasm are unimpaired, the power of ejaculation is definitely lost.<sup>2</sup>With the wider application of high lumbar sympathectomy and section of the splanchnic nerves in our clinic for selected cases of Raynaud's disease, thrombo-angiitis obliterans, reflex dystrophy, hypertension and megacolon, the question of male sterility has frequently arisen. It might be said that in most cases of this type a hereditary factor is unmistakable and that male sterility without loss of libido and orgasm is
Circulation in Lower Extremities and Sympathetic Function in Diabetic Patients: Significance of Age
Authors: Niels Juel Christensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Circulation in the lower extremities and sympathetic function have been studied extensively in long-term type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Arterial lesions are demonstrable in these patients, but clinical vascular disease (e.g., ischemic gangrene) manifests itself mainly in elderly diabetic patients, suggesting important interactions between vascular effects of aging and diabetes mellitus. Sympathetic denervation reduces spontaneous variability in resting blood flow in the foot. This abnormality impairs thermoregulation and contributes to the development of orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular function may already be impaired in the elderly due to a reduced cardiovascular responsiveness to catecholamines. The addition of sympathetic denervation may further decrease sympathetic function in the elderly. Impaired vasomotor control and hypotension due to autonomic dysfunction can potentially magnify perfusion problems due to vascular disease, thereby increasing the risk of clinically significant ischemia.
Women Have Lower Tonic Autonomic Support of Arterial Blood Pressure and Less Effective Baroreflex Buffering Than Men
Authors: Demetra D. Christou, Pamela Parker Jones, Jens Jordan, André Diedrich, David Robertson, Douglas R. Seals
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Short-term and tonic regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP) differ in premenopausal women and men of similar age. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in BP regulation. Methods and Results— To test the hypothesis that women have lower tonic ANS support of BP (reduction in intra-arterial BP during acute ganglionic blockade [GB] with intravenous trimethaphan) and less effective baroreflex buffering (BRB) of BP (potentiation of the systolic BP [SBP] response to bolus phenylephrine during versus before GB) than men, 51 healthy adults, 22 premenopausal women (aged 28±1 years, mean±SE) and 29 men (aged 27±1 years), were studied. Women had lower baseline SBP and plasma catecholamine concentrations than men ( P &lt;0.05). Tonic ANS support of BP was ≈50% to 65% lower in the women ( P &lt;0.001). The reductions in BP during GB were related to baseline plasma catecholamine concentrations ( r =−0.31 to −0.41, P &lt;0.05). Acute BRB of BP was 47% smaller in the women (3.3±0.5 versus 6.3±0.9, P =0.006) and was related to the SBP responses to phenylephrine before GB ( R 2 =0.71, P &lt;0.0001). Systemic α 1 -adrenergic vascular responsiveness (SBP response to bolus phenylephrine during GB) was not different (women 21.5±2 mm Hg versus men 18.6±2 mm Hg, P =0.3). Conclusions— Premenopausal women have lower tonic sympathoadrenal activity-related ANS support of BP and less effective BRB of BP than men of similar age. The lower tonic ANS support of BP could contribute to the lower chronic BP levels of premenopausal women, whereas attenuated BRB of BP may help explain less effective BP regulation in women in response to vasoactive drugs and acute stress.
Abstract 4068: A novel microfluidic platform for isolation of circulating tumor cells intended to facilitate downstream biomarker analyses
Authors: Carolyn G. Conant, Tanner Nevill, Cristian Ionescu-Zanetti, Micahel Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) inherently hold important biomarker information potentially pertinent to cancer patient therapy and prognosis. Many existent technologies capture CTCs inside of a ‘chip’. Because of the difficulties in efficiently removing very small numbers of CTCs from ‘chips’, these technologies have limited potential for downstream (off-chip) analysis opportunities. We have developed a novel microfluidic system for high purity CTC isolation and analysis specifically for post-capture CTC use. Using our device, analytical studies were performed with cell lines (HT29, SKBR3, PC3) to demonstrate recovery and purity capabilities. We isolated CTCs with high purity (from 1.5- 50%) and high capture efficiency (up to 96%) in volumes as low as 5 µl. Clinical samples from stage IV carcinoma patients of several different pathologies were processed and benchmarked against the predicate system. We found, in all cases, CTCs could be identified even when not identified on the predicate system. Further clinical samples indicated in some cases CTCs could be detected as early as stage II. A technique designed to identify somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene was employed successfully to characterize samples isolated on the device from colon carcinoma patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize Her-2 and Top2A gene status in CTCs isolated from breast carcinoma patients. The use of this device is likely extensible to a wide variety of molecular biology and biochemistry-based biomarker studies which previously have been precluded due to insufficient CTC sample quality. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4068. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4068
Caspase-Dependent Cell Death Mediates the Early Phase of Aortic Hypertrophy Regression in Losartan-Treated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Eve-Lyne Marchand, Shant Der Sarkissian, Pavel Hamet, Denis deBlois
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Blockade of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors induces smooth muscle cell (SMC) death and regression of aortic hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We postulated that SMC death and vascular remodeling in this model may be attenuated by z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH2F (z-VAD-fmk), a tripeptide inhibitor of caspase enzymes mediating apoptosis. To determine the time course of SMC death and aortic remodeling, SHR were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg per day) for up to 9.5 days. Transient SMC apoptosis occurred in the aortic media with a peak around day 5 of treatment, with increases in the Bax to Bcl-2 protein ratio (>3-fold), in active caspase-3 (5.6-fold), in TUNEL-positive nuclei (19-fold), preceding by 24 hours the peak activation of capase-9 (3.8-fold), and significant reductions in SMC number (46%) and aortic cross-sectional area (8.5%) at 5.5 days. The decrease in total aortic DNA reached significance at 6.5 days (29%). Blood pressure reduction with losartan was progressive and reached significance at day 7 of treatment. Next, we examined the causal link between vascular apoptosis and remodeling. SHR received placebo or losartan (30 mg/kg per day) for 6 days. During the last 24 hours, a subgroup of losartan-treated rats received 3 IV injections of z-VAD-fmk (cumulative dose: 4.4 mg x kg(-1)). All other rats received the vehicle, DMSO. The 24-hour cotreatment with z-VAD-fmk effectively prevented losartan-induced caspase-3 activation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, as well as SMC depletion and the reductions in aortic mass and DNA content. Together, these data suggest that caspase-dependent SMC death mediates the early phase of vascular remodeling in response to AT1 receptor blockade in this model of hypertension.
Neuroscientists Begin to Piece Together More Parts of Huntington's Disease Puzzle
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Communication in End-of-Life Cancer Care: A Comparison of Team Assessments in Three European Countries
Authors: Irene J. Higginson, Massimo Costantini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To compare team assessments of end-of-life communication in three European countries, and to identify factors associated with problematic communication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three prospective cohort studies used similar standardized procedures, and included patients referred to palliative care services in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Italy. Palliative team care staff assessed three components of communication in the last week of the patient’s life—between the patient and family (or those close to them), between professionals and patient and family, and between professionals—using a validated measure. Univariate and multivariate analyses explored the data and tested for relationships between possible explanatory variables and communication. RESULTS: Data were collected on 1,326 patients, 416 in the United Kingdom, 411 in Ireland, and 499 in Italy. Mean age was 68 years (range, 19 to 95 years), 55% were male, and almost two thirds were married. Team members assessed that communication between patient and family was a moderate or severe problem in the last week of life for 30% to 40% of patients; 10% to 20% had moderate or severe problems recorded for the other two communication items. Problematic communication was associated with respiratory and breast cancers, a shorter time in care, and hospice death. It was also associated with greater spiritual need, need for care planning, and poorer patient and family insight (Spearman’s ρ &gt; 0.4), but not especially with pain and symptom control, in both univariate and multivariate analyses, both within countries and for all data combined. CONCLUSION: Severe communication problems were reported by team assessments in up to 40% of patients at the end of life. A multiprofessional approach is needed to recognize and improve this.
A Comparison of TI-201 and Tc-99m MIBI in a Patient with an Apical Aneurysm
Authors: LEONARDO PACE, ALBERTO CUOCOLO, MARCO SALVATORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors report a case of a patient with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular aneurysm studied with Tc-99m MIBI and TI-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Tc-99m MIBI allowed direct visualization of the aneurysm, whereas TI-201 showed only a large fixed perfusion defect in the same area. These results can be explained by the better imaging properties of Tc-99m MIBI compared with TI-201.
Relation between leadership profiles of sports administrators and sports organisational effectiveness in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Venkateswarlu Kankanala, Musa G Yakasai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Every time the issue of effectiveness in university sports administrations addressed, consideration is given mainly to programme, facilities and funds. There is hardly any mention of quality of leadership of sports administrators, especially in the universities whereas organisational effectiveness appears to depend mainly on the leadership provided. The study was therefore conducted to found out the relationship between leadership profiles of sports administrators and sports organisational effectiveness in Nigerian Universities. To achieve the purpose of the study, a self developed and validated questionnaire on leadership profiles and sports organisational effectiveness was administered to 700 students, representing football, athletics, basketball, racket games and combat sports, randomly selected from 14 Nigerian Universities. Part of the questionnaire on leadership profiles was based on multifactor leadership questionnaire of Bass and Avolio and part of the questionnaire on organisational effectiveness was based on multiple constituency approach to organisational effectiveness proposed by Chelladurai. The result of the study indicated that the sports administrators in Nigerian Universities had mainly transactional organisational effectiveness profile. The result further significant correlations between transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness (r,688=705&lt;0.05)transactional leadership and organisational effectiveness (r,688=0.56&lt;0.05) and on leadership and organisational effectiveness (r,688- 0.56&lt;0.05). Thus transformational leadership profile explained 0% transactional leadership profile, 31% and non-leadership profile, 42% of the variance in organisational effectiveness. Taken together they showed significant correlations between leadership profiles of sports administrators and sports organisational effectiveness in Nigerian Universities.
Review: Cranberry products do not reduce urinary tract infections in susceptible populations
Authors: Dee Mangin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club21 May 2013Review: Cranberry products do not reduce urinary tract infections in susceptible populationsDee Mangin, MDDee Mangin, MDUniversity of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (D.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJepson RG, Williams G, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD001321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076891Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: References1 Mangin D. Urinary tract infection in primary care [Editorial]. BMJ. 2010;340:c657. [PMID: 20139220] Google Scholar2 Epp A, Larochelle A, Lovatsis D, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infection. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010;32:1082-101. [PMID: 21176321] Google Scholar3 Jepson RG, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD001321. [PMID: 18253990] Google Scholar4 Buitrago-Lopez A, Sanderson J, Johnson L, et al. Chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;343:d4488. [PMID: 21875885] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (D.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 May 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 May 2013Volume 158, Issue 10Page: JC11KeywordsAntibioticsPopulation statisticsPregnancyProbioticsRisk managementUrinary tract infections ePublished: 21 May 2013 Issue Published: 21 May 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Marital and Family Therapy for Troubled Physicians and Their Families
Authors: Ira D. Glick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Because individual therapy for troubled physicians has been notoriously difficult and often ineffective, we report our experience using a treatment—marital therapy—newly applied to such problems in the medical community. The sample involved 13 male physicians and their spouses with emotional difficulties in themselves and/or their relationships. After marital treatment, there was substantial improvement in more than 92% (12/13) of the physicians, their spouses, and/or their marital relationships. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1855-1858)
Air toxics: biomarkers in environmental applications--overview and summary of recommendations.
Authors: A Holian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

On April 27-28, 1995, the National Urban Air Toxics Research Center hosted a Symposium on Air Toxics: Biomarkers in Environmental Applications. The purpose of the symposium was to define the current state of the art in the application of biomarkers for environmental exposures to benzene, toluene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, manganese, and chromium. Sensitive, specific, and cost-effective biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility may greatly improve our knowledge of the human health impacts of air toxics exposures. Presentations were made on the first day that provided state-of-the-art background for the need, use, and ethical considerations in biomarker research and applications. In workshops held during the symposium, a number of recommendations were made regarding the use and need for additional research with biomarkers. In general, the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for environmental exposures, need to be improved. Reliable effect and susceptibility biomarkers are not available for these compounds. More research needs to be done to establish and evaluate biomarkers, linked to health effects through mechanistic studies, at environmentally relevant exposure levels.
Multifunctional and multiplexed nanoparticles for molecular imaging and treatment of breast cancer.
Authors: L Yang, H Sajja, Z Cao, AY Wang, MQ Smith, L Bender, H Mao, S Nie, WC Wood
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6003 Multifunctional nanoparticles with the ability to target tumors, provide molecular imaging and to deliver therapeutic agents hold great promise for improving the survival of cancer patients. We have developed multifunctional nanoparticles targeted to cellular receptors that are highly expressed in breast cancer and tumor stromal cells. Fluorescent quantum dot (QD) or magnetic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles are conjugated to either the amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or to a single chain antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (ScFvEGFR), resulting in uPAR or EGFR targeted nanoparticles. Since the binding of ATF peptides or ScFvEGFR to their receptors results in blocking receptor function and internalization of the receptor-ligand complex, these targeted imaging probes can also inhibit tumor growth and deliver drugs. Using near infrared fluorescence (NIR) dye-labeled targeting peptides, we demonstrate specificity of these targeting ligands in an orthotopic human breast cancer model in nude mice. We found that tail vein injection of a mixture of Cy5.5 dye-ATF and IRDye 800-ScFvEGFR peptides leads to the selective accumulation of both probes in human breast cancer xenografts and NIR optical imaging of the tumors in the mammary fat pad of nude mice (Fig. A).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; We show that uPAR- and EGFR-targeted nanoprobes display different patterns of intratumoral distribution with EGFR probes in the central area and uPAR probes in the peripheral and central regions of the tumor, which may be the results of expressing uPAR in the invasive edge of tumor cells and tumor stromal cells and EGFR only in tumor cells. In vivo optical imaging using ATF-nanoparticles is also demonstrated in human breast cancer xenograft (Fig. B) and in mouse mammary tumor lung metastatic models. Furthermore, magnetic Cy5.5-ATF IO nanoparticles are multimodality imaging probes for both optical and MR tumor imaging. Since magnetic IO nanoparticles are biodegradable and relatively safe for human use, we have developed a therapeutic imaging nanoparticle by encapsulating doxorubicin into the polymer coating of the nanoparticles and have shown selective delivery of the drug and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells in vitro. Results of our study show that multifunctional and multiplexed nanoparticles have great potential for the development of novel tumor imaging and therapeutic approaches. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6003.
The germline sequence variant rs2736100_C in TERT associates with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: A Oddsson, S Y Kristinsson, H Helgason, D F Gudbjartsson, G Masson, A Sigurdsson, A Jonasdottir, A Jonasdottir, H Steingrimsdottir, B Vidarsson, S Reykdal, G I Eyjolfsson, I Olafsson, P T Onundarson, G Runarsson, O Sigurdardottir, A Kong, T Rafnar, P Sulem, U Thorsteinsdottir, K Stefansson
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

o5% and platelet counts are not elevated.By strictly adhering to the 2008 WHO criteria, we provide important molecular information in a relatively homogenous and well-defined group of patients.Morphological diagnoses are often subjective, with inter-observer variability, and inaccurate classification of myeloid neoplasms can result in erroneous estimation of associated molecular abnormalities.Specifically, it is important to note that BM ring sideroblasts are sometimes seen in both PMF and ET, and it is possible to misdiagnose some of these cases as RARS-T or RARS. 10,11