tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyocyte-Specific Deletion of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Results in Hyperplasia of the Embryonic Left Ventricle and Abnormalities of Sinuatrial Valves
Authors: Jin-Wen Chen, Bin Zhou, Qian-Chun Yu, Sangyoon J. Shin, Kai Jiao, Michael D. Schneider, H. Scott Baldwin, Jeffrey M. Bergelson
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which mediates infection by the viruses most commonly associated with myocarditis, is a transmembrane component of specialized intercellular junctions, including the myocardial intercalated disc; it is known to mediate cell-cell recognition, but its natural function is poorly understood. We used conditional gene targeting to investigate the possible functions of CAR during embryonic development, generating mice with both germline and tissue-specific defects in CAR expression. Homozygous germline deletion of CAR exon 2 or cardiomyocyte-specific gene deletion at embryonic day 10 (E10) mediated by Cre recombinase expressed under the control of the cardiac troponin T promoter resulted in death by E12.5; embryos showed marked cardiac abnormalities by E10.5, with hyperplasia of the left ventricular myocardium, distention of the cardinal veins, and abnormalities of sinuatrial valves. Within the hyperplastic left ventricle, increased numbers of proliferating cells were evident; persistent expression of N-myc in the hyperplastic myocardium and attenuated expression of the trabecular markers atrial natriuretic factor and bone morphogenic protein 10 indicated that proliferating cardiomyocytes had failed to differentiate and form normal trabeculae. In electron micrographs, individual CAR-deficient cardiomyocytes within the left ventricle appeared normal, but intercellular junctions were ill-formed or absent, consistent with the known function of CAR as a junctional molecule; myofibrils were also poorly organized. When cardiomyocyte-specific deletion occurred somewhat later (by E11, mediated by Cre under control of the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter), animals survived to adulthood and did not have evident cardiac abnormalities. These results indicate that during a specific temporal window, CAR expression on cardiomyocytes is essential for normal cardiac development. In addition, the results suggest that CAR-mediated intercellular contacts may regulate proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes within the embryonic left ventricular wall.
P3-14-21: Neoadjuvant Therapy Response, Subtype and BRCA Status in an Underserved Population.
Authors: D Tripathy, S Ahmed, P Bahl, Y Wang, L Ji, C Ricker, Grumley J Weng, SV Liu, SF Sener, N Klipfel, C Kaur
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy is typically used for larger operable breast cancer cases, and the degree of pathological response correlates with long term outcome. Therapeutic response also depends on biological and molecular subtype and is increasingly studied in the research setting to identify prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Little is known about the interactions of neoadjuvant response with biomarker subtypes and genetic predisposition in underserved and minority populations. Methods: IRB approval was obtained to capture demographic, clinicopathological and genetic testing data on patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and treated with preoperative chemotherapy and definitive surgery between 2005 and 2010 at Los Angeles County Medical Center, which serves a primarily Hispanic and indigent population. Treatment followed NCCN guidelines with the exception that not all patients with HER2+ disease received trastuzumab. Genetic counseling and testing has been available at this center since 2007. Pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as no residual invasive disease in breast or nodes. Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test was used to examine associations between pCR and clinical factors, and logistic regression analyses were applied to assess each variable's contribution to pCR. Results: Among 104 patients, of whom 79% were Hispanic, the overall pCR rate was 27%. Significantly higher pCR rates were seen in age ≥50, clinical N0, HER2+, triple negative, and lumpectomy cases. No differences in pCR rate was seen in Hispanics vs. others, Grade III vs. I and II or in the 9 BRCA mutations carriers among 45 tested compared to no mutation or those not tested. Of the 43 patients with HER2+ disease, the pCR rate was higher in the 32 patients who received trastuzumab (pCR 50.0 vs. 27.3%). Subset pCR rates and odds ratios (OR) of achieving pCR are shown below: Conclusions: In this underserved cohort, with 43% undergoing genetic testing, significantly higher pCR rates were seen in HER2+ and triple negative and lumpectomy cases, with a trend seen in older patients and smaller tumors. There was an unexpected trend of lower pCR rate seen in BRCA mutation carriers (pCR OR 0.33), albeit with small numbers. No differences were seen in Hispanic cases compared to other ethnicities. Further tissue analyses are planned to examine established and novel markers and to define exploratory markers that could be used for decision-making and target discovery in larger datasets within this population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-21.
Eotaxin and Impaired Lung Function in Asthma
Authors: HIDETOSHI NAKAMURA, SCOTT T. WEISS, ELLIOT ISRAEL, ANDREW D. LUSTER, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, CRAIG M. LILLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We performed an association study of plasma eotaxin levels, eosinophil counts, total IgE levels, asthma diagnosis, and lung function in an ethnically diverse and geographically dispersed population. We studied 515 asthmatic and 519 normal subjects, none of whom was taking inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a direct relationship between asthma diagnosis and eotaxin levels (p < 0.0001). The odds of an asthma diagnosis increased with eotaxin quartile, with the highest quartile having an odds ratio of 5.4 (95% CI 3.2 to 9.2, p < 0.001) compared with the lowest eotaxin quartile. Eotaxin levels were inversely related to lung function (p < 0.001), with the mean percent predicted FEV1 in the highest eotaxin quartile being 13.5 percentage points (SEM 2.1, p < 0.001) less than that in the lowest quartile. Plasma eotaxin levels were associated with asthma and inversely related to lung function independent of age, race, sex, or smoking status. When combined with eosinophil counts and IgE levels, eotaxin levels contributed to the odds of an asthma diagnosis and of impaired lung function. Our results are the first to associate eotaxin levels with asthma diagnosis and compromised lung function in a large geographically and ethnically diverse population. Nakamura H, Weiss ST, Israel E, Luster AD, Drazen JM, Lilly CM. Eotaxin and impaired lung function in asthma.
Treatment of focal hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A: long-term follow-up in 61 patients
Authors: P. Schnider, E. Moraru, H. Kittler, M. Binder, G. Kranz, B. Voller, E. Auff
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The blocking action of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on cholinergically innervated sweat glands has been used successfully to treat patients with focal hyperhidrosis.To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of intradermal injections of BTX-A.We performed an open-label study in 61 patients treated over a period of 3 years for axillary or palmar hyperhidrosis. A total dose of 400 mU BTX-A (Dysport) was injected into both axillae or 460 mU BTX-A (Dysport) into both palms. The injections were repeated after relapse. Objective quantification of sweat production was performed using digitized ninhydrin-stained sheets.Four weeks after BTX-A treatment the median reduction in sweat production was 71% compared with baseline (P < 0.001) in the axillary group and 42% (P = 0.005) in the palmar group. Subjective assessment of sweat production by the patients using a visual analogue scale (0, no sweating; 100, the most severe sweating) showed a significant reduction in both the axillary (P < 0.001) and palmar groups (P < 0.001). Secondary disturbances due to focal hyperhidrosis interfering with daily activities were markedly improved in both groups. The median time interval between the sets of injections was 34 weeks for axillary hyperhidrosis and 25 weeks for palmar hyperhidrosis. The treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis was complicated by transient but not disabling weakness of the small hand muscles in nine of 21 patients.Repeated intradermal injections of BTX-A in patients with axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis are as effective as first treatments.
Improving the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events by Using Biomarkers to Identify Individuals With Silent Heart Disease
Authors: M. Adnan Nadir, Sushma Rekhraj, Li Wei, Tiong K. Lim, John Davidson, Thomas M. MacDonald, Chim C. Lang, Ellie Dow, Allan D. Struthers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Increasing communication between parents and their children about sex
Authors: D. Kirby
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Workplaces should offer programmes to improve parents’ ability to talk with their children

In the linked paper, Schuster and colleagues report a randomised controlled trial of a parenting programme that was implemented in the workplace—“ Talking Parents, Healthy Teens ”—to help parents discuss sexual health with their adolescent children.1 

Organisations concerned with adolescent sexuality and reproductive health have striven to increase parent-child communication about sex for several reasons. Firstly, many people believe that increasing such communication is important in itself. Secondly, in some communities, it is more widely accepted and less controversial for parents to express their sexual values and beliefs to their children than for teachers or other educators to talk about sex in the classroom. Thirdly, greater parent-child communication of values about sex and use of contraception is associated under some conditions with a delay in sex or greater use of contraception.2 Professionals concerned about unplanned teenage pregnancies or sexually transmitted diseases think that increasing such communication can help reduce sexual risk taking in teenagers. Indeed, effective education programmes on sex and sexually transmitted …
The harms of medicoplasty
Authors: D. K Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The 16th century French author and physician Rabelais was obsessed with vaginas. In one of his stories an old lady drives the devil away by showing him her vagina.1 Today the devil might recommend she go to the nearest aesthetic surgeon for vaginal rejuvenation. A touch off the labia (labioplasty), a bit of tightening here (vaginoplasty), and voila: a designer vagina.

The number of cosmetic genital operations is seemingly on the rise.2 3 4 The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, in its section on genital surgery, notes: “With a growing acceptance of surgery designed to alter appearance, and the increasing availability of explicit images of naked women, a number of women are requesting surgery to alter their intimate appearance, feeling that they compare unfavourably.”5

Here is my paternalistic view: medical professionals, whether working in the private or public sector, should not succumb to these requests. Although it would be hard to argue that anyone seeking aesthetic genital surgery is unable to make an informed decision, it is plausible to argue that patients’ autonomy is often …
Evidence of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in patients with renal allografts.
Authors: J M Wellwood, P M Simpson, J R Tighe, A E Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Renal damage was assessed by measuring urinary enzyme excretion in 180 patients with renal allografts. Thirty-six of these patients were studied during 53 courses of treatment with antimicrobial agents which was the only antimicrobial agent which was associated with an increase in urinary enzyme activity. There was usually also evidence of reduced renal function. Renal morphological changes similar to those produced by gentamicin in rats were observed in human allograft biopsy specimens obtained during gentamicin treatment.
A PRACTICAL DANGER IN THE USE OF INSULIN BY THE PATIENT AT HOME
Authors: ROBERT S. BERGHOFF
Journal: JAMA (1924)

When insulin was first introduced as a therapeutic measure in the management of diabetes mellitus, it was deemed advisable that its administration be begun with the patient under hospital supervision. That this was and still is a wise and just precaution, should evoke no controversy. We are dealing with a powerful agent, and employing it to combat a condition that varies widely with each individual, thereby precluding the possibility of anything like a fixed dosage. With each case a law unto itself, it is essential that, through careful and painstaking analysis, the degree and severity of the disease be determined, and, by a study of its reaction and behavior to an adjusted diet and insulin, a safe dosage of the latter arrived at. This was found to be practical only in a well instituted hospital. Particularly was this so if, in addition, it was anticipated that insulin therapy might be
Spermidine acetyltransferase in rat hepatocytes cultured at different oxygen tensions
Authors: C Vargiu, S Colombatto, G Giribaldi, M A Grillo
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To understand the mechanism involved in the liver zonation of polyamines, we have studied the possible role of oxygen tension. When hepatocytes were cultured at 21% and at 5% oxygen in atmosphere to mimic periportal and perivenous conditions, polyamine content was modified. The observed modifications suggested an effect on the interconversion pathway. Spermidine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity and N 1–acetylspermidine were therefore measured in the same conditions. SAT activity was markedly increased after 6 hours and N 1–acetylspermidine was accumulated in the cells. This was caused by new enzyme synthesis. The higher expression of SAT was accompanied by an increase in the content of the specific messenger RNA (mRNA). When liver cells were depleted of polyamines, SAT activity and the specific mRNA content were not enhanced by oxygen deprivation, but they increased when polyamines were added again. Polyamines therefore appear to be necessary to promote the increase in SAT mRNA.
Control by the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the State of Contraction and Pulsatile Expansion of the Carotid Sinus Arterial Wall
Authors: P. KEZDI
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

The state of contraction and resistance to stretch of the arterial wall of the carotid sinus modulates sensitivity of pressoreceptors to intra-arterial pressure. Experiments show that electric stimulation of efferent sympathetic pathways to the carotid sinus leads to blood pressure fall and decrease of the carotid sinus hypertensive reflex. This effect can be prevented by local application of Regitine to the carotid sinus. These experiments suggest that the state of contraction and resistance to stretch of the barosensitive arterial walls is controlled by sympathetic innervation through local release of norepinephrine and/or epinephrine. Disturbances of this innervation could have a role in development of abnormal relaxation and decreased pulsatile expansion of the barosensitive arterial walls, and, thus, in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Demecolcine Followed by Radiotherapy
Authors: A. P. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1965)

study designed for the guidance of those responsible for hospital disinfection policies.In section 3 of appendix 2, however, the Committee make recommendations for the disinfection of the skin of the hands and operation sites.Since these are based upon the studies of Lowbury et al.1 we feel it necessary to point out that while repeated washing with povidone-iodine is included in the recommendations of the Committee for the pre-operative disinfection of operation sites no mention is made of the use of povidone-iodine for disinfection of hands, also recommended by Lowbury et al.These
Pregnancy in Addison's Disease
Authors: M. M. Singh
Journal: BMJ (1957)

ESTIMATION OF BLOOD SUGAR m 503 correlation coefficient is 0.84, but there is a slight overall tendency for the tablets to give a high reading.In practice it was found that the mid-point between 100 and 150 mg./100 ml.gave a colour that could be recognized quite satisfactorily, and some readings of 125 mg./100 ml. are therefore shown.The mid-point 150-200 mg./100 ml.proved less easy to detect.Occasionally an impure colour was obtained and it was found necessary to repeat the test. DiscussionA rapid and simple method for the performance of blood- sugar estimations in thu out-patient clinic, consulting-room, or ward side-room would help the control of treatment of diabetes and in the management of diabetic emergencies.This method cannot be recommended even as a screening procedure for the diagnosis or exclusion of diabetes.Definite diagnosis of this condition is of great significance to the patient and only methods of proved accuracy should be used.The tablet method is not really suitable for control of treat- ment in hospital diabetic clinics, where arrangements can usually be made for blood-sugar estimations by routine methods.It may be helpful for practitioners supervising the treatment of diabetics in their surgeries, an occasional check on the blood being desirable in all cases.The method has proved very useful in the management of diabetic emergencies in hospital.In post-operative patients, in cases of ketosis, and in cases of suspected hypoglycaemia a rapid guide to treatment has been obtained.At night and at week-ends its use has often made it unnecessary to call on the services of the resident biochemist.In hospitals without a 24-hour biochemistry service this equipment would be very valuable.I am indebted to the staff of the routine laboratories of the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry of the Middlesex Hospital, where the control estimations of the blood sugar were made.I thank Dr.
Endoscopic Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Study of 1000 Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: T. Rösch, S. Daniel, M. Scholz, K. Huibregtse, M. Smits, T. Schneider, C. Ell, G. Haber, J.-F. Riemann, R. Jakobs, R. Hintze, A. Adler, H. Neuhaus, M. Zavoral, F. Zavada, V. Schusdziarra, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Endoscopic ductal decompression therapy has become an established method of treating patients with painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis. Smaller series, mostly with a medium-term follow-up period, have reported encouraging results. The present analysis presents long-term follow-up data from a large multicenter patient cohort.Patients with painful chronic pancreatitis and with ductal obstruction due to either strictures and/or stones treated endoscopically at eight different centers underwent follow-up after 2 - 12 years (mean 4.9 years). The patients' clinical data, the rate of technical success, and complications were recorded from the charts. Follow-up data were prospectively obtained using structured questionnaires; the main parameter for evaluating treatment success was a significant reduction in pain (no pain or only weak pain).Follow-up data were obtained from 1018 of 1211 patients treated (84%) with mainly strictures (47%), stones (18%), or strictures plus stones (32%). At the long-term follow-up, 60% of the patients had their endotherapy completed, 16% were still receiving some form of endoscopic treatment, and 24% had undergone surgery. The long-term success of endotherapy was 86% in the entire group, but only 65% in an intention-to-treat analysis. There were no significant differences between the patient groups with regard to either strictures, stones, or both. Pancreatic function was not positively affected by endoscopic therapy.Endoscopic ductal decompression therapy offers relief of pain in two-thirds of the patients when it is used as the only form of treatment. One-quarter of the patients have to undergo surgery.
Abstract 26: Traditional Cardiac Risk Factors and Characteristics of the Cardiac History Are Associated With 30-Day Cardiac Events in Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Erik P Hess, Robert J Brison, Meghan A Pierce, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Dipti A Agarwal, Allan Jaffe, George A Wells, Ian G Stiell
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Activation of the ERK and AKT signalling pathway predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and ERK activation in cancer tissue is associated with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Klaus Juergen Schmitz, Jeremias Wohlschlaeger, Hauke Lang, Georgios Charalambos Sotiropoulos, Massimo Malago, Karen Steveling, Henning Reis, Vito Rosario Cicinnati, Kurt Werner Schmid, Hideo Andreas Baba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Irvine Heinly Page, MD
Authors: Harriet P. Dustan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Give Full Names of Authors.
Authors: James Tyson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having been engaged lately in a literary work involving considerable consultation of papers and verifying of references I have realized, as any one must under the circumstances, the extra labor necessitated by a practice which has always been more or less general with authors, of mentioning only the surname of writers and investigators referred to. Any one who has had experience can not fail to have been struck with the large number of persons of the same surname who are contributors to medical literature, so that a reference to Dr. Sydenham's or Dr. Jones's views and Dr. Ranklin's papers gives a very imperfect idea of the individuality of the author. Take for example the name Hoffmann. The student will find in the Surgeon-General's Catalogue this surname more than one hundred times, and of these Hoffmanns quite a number are authors of voluminous and