tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular regulators of leucocyte chemotaxis during inflammation
Authors: C. H. Y. Wong, B. Heit, P. Kubes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

A fundamental feature of any immune response is the movement of leucocytes from one site in the body to another to provide effector functions. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration of leucocytes from the blood to tissues is critical to our understanding of immune function during inflammation. The classic steps of leucocyte trafficking involve leucocyte tethering and rolling on vessel walls of the vasculature, followed by firm adhesion to the endothelium. Recent evidence suggests that upon adhering, leucocytes crawl within the vessels before transmigrating across vessel walls and crawling into targeted tissues. The directed nature of the crawling events is orchestrated by a complex array of soluble factors and molecular regulators in combination with the local intravascular and extracellular environment. In fact, this process is known as chemotaxis and orientates cell movement in relation to the ligand gradient. Several signalling pathways have been proposed to be involved in this gradient-sensing and amplification process, but the best studied, discussed in detail here, is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Substantial progress has been made in understanding how cells roll and adhere in blood vessels; however, how cells crawl in blood vessels, emigrate, and then crawl in tissues has received much less attention. Therefore, the focus of this review is to provide recent insights into molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that mediate leucocyte crawling in blood vessels and tissues during the inflammatory response.
Screening for Malignant Hyperpyrexia
Authors: F. R. Ellis, N. P. Keaney, D. G. F. Harriman, D. W. Sumner, K. Kyei-Mensah, J. H. Tyrrell, J. B. Hargreaves, R. K. Parikh, P. L. Mulrooney
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The methods used to screen patients for malignant hyperpyrexia at present are not sufficiently accurate. This paper reports more specific methods of detecting patients liable to develop malignant hyperpyrexia. A motor-point muscle biopsy is performed for histopathological examination and to detect muscle contracture in vitro after exposure to halothane and suxamethonium.
Harmonin Mutations Cause Mechanotransduction Defects in Cochlear Hair Cells
Authors: Nicolas Grillet, Wei Xiong, Anna Reynolds, Piotr Kazmierczak, Takashi Sato, Concepcion Lillo, Rachel A. Dumont, Edith Hintermann, Anna Sczaniecka, Martin Schwander, David Williams, Bechara Kachar, Peter G. Gillespie, Ulrich Müller
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: Steven P. Schinke, Robert F. Schilling, Lewayne D. Gilchrist, Marianne Rolland Ashby
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Recent reports inJAMAand elsewhere are giving needed attention to the dangers and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use.1-3Perhaps most disquieting are patterns of snuff and chewing tobacco use among American adolescents.4Those who begin using smokeless tobacco early in life not only are at risk for tissue damage from snuff and chewing tobacco products but also may later meet their nicotine dependence through cigarettes and other smoked tobacco products. As such, we have become interested in the use of smokeless tobacco among a US adolescent population with early and extreme patterns of smokeless tobacco use— Native American adolescents. Presented here are data on snuff and chewing tobacco use reported by 168 Native American adolescents from Alaska and Washington state.  The 77 females and 91 males, who had a mean age of 11.8 years, primarily resided on or near Indian reservations and Native villages.
THE REMOVAL OF AGGLUTININ FROM SENSITIZED MOTILE BACTERIA
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

It was shown that flocculating (flagellar) agglutinin and granulating (somatic) agglutinin display certain differences with respect to their removal from sensitized bacteria (B. paratyphi). A 5 per cent solution of NaCl added to sedimented, sensitized bacteria followed by heating to 60°C. for 1 hour removed approximately 50 per cent of the combined agglutinin. There was little or no removal of granulating agglutinin either from the sensitized motile bacteria or from a sensitized non-motile organism (Staphylococcus). Evidence was presented that the agglutinin removal was not dependent solely on disintegration of flagella by the conditions of extraction with a subsequent freeing of antibody.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Fatigue during Radiation Therapy for Breast and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Julienne E. Bower, Patricia A. Ganz, May Lin Tao, Wenhua Hu, Thomas R. Belin, Saviz Sepah, Steve Cole, Najib Aziz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Biomarkers of radiation-induced behavioral symptoms, such as fatigue, have not been identified. Studies linking inflammatory processes to fatigue in cancer survivors led us to test the hypothesis that activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network is associated with fatigue symptoms during radiation therapy for breast and prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Individuals with early-stage breast (n = 28) and prostate cancer (n= 20) completed questionnaires and provided blood samples for determination of serum levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 at assessments conducted before, during, and after a course of radiation therapy. Serum markers of proinflammatory cytokine activity, including IL-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein, were examined in a subset of participants. Random coefficient models were used to evaluate the association between changes in cytokine levels and fatigue. Results: As expected, there was a significant increase in fatigue during radiation treatment. Changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and IL-1 receptor antagonist were positively associated with increases in fatigue symptoms (Ps &amp;lt; 0.05), although serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were not associated with fatigue. These effects remained significant (Ps &amp;lt; 0.05) in analyses controlling for potential biobehavioral confounding factors, including age, body mass index, hormone therapy, depression, and sleep disturbance. Conclusions: Results suggest that activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network and associated increases in downstream biomarkers of proinflammatory cytokine activity are associated with fatigue during radiation therapy for breast and prostate cancer.(Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5534–40)
Hypertensive left ventricular remodeling and ACE-gene polymorphism
Authors: F Perticone
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between ACE-gene polymorphism and left ventricular geometry in never treated hypertensives.Methods: We enrolled 200 hypertensive outpatients that underwent clinical and ambulatory blood pressure measurements, echocardiographic evaluation and analysis for insertion (I) / deletion (D) polymorphism by PCR.Patients with normal or increased (.125 2 2 g / m in males and .110g / m in females) left ventricular mass were considered to have concentric remodeling or concentric left 2 ventricular hypertrophy if their relative wall thickness was $0.45.Results: The left ventricular mass index values (g / m ) were 136630 in DD genotype, 124626 in ID genotype, and 116620 in II genotype (DD vs. ID P,0.005; DD vs. II P,0.05), and were unrelated to blood pressure.Ninety-six patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy (48.0%): 51 with concentric and 45 with eccentric hypertrophy.The eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 32 (36.8%)DD patients, in ten (10.5%)ID patients (P,0.05), and in three (16.6%)II patients.The relative septal thickness was 0.4360.09 in DD genotype, 0.4560.08 in ID genotype, and 0.4360.10 in II genotype.In DD and ID genotypes, the relative posterior wall thickness (0.3760.07 vs. 0.4160.07;P,0.0001) and the end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension (52.863.3 mm vs. 48.362.8 mm; P,0.0001) were statistically different.Conclusions: The DD genotype of the ACE-gene is associated with an increased left ventricular mass and with a significantly higher prevalence of eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy, when compared to ID genotype.
Psychological practices with the physically disabled.
Authors: Tynus W. McNeel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The editors have attempted to examine the psychological aspects of the problems that accompany the various physical disabilities. In having done so, they have emphasized, justly, the individual adjustment of the disabled person to his physical deficit and his total life situation. The presentation comprises 12 groups of physical disabilities, each presented by a different author. Amputation, hemiplegia, cerebral palsy, and cardiovascular disabilities are considered, as are auditory, visual, and language disorders, and deafness and blindness. Also, there are chapters on cancer, facial disfigurement, severe chronic illness, and arthritis and rheumatism. The most prominent problems connected with a disability, but not limited to it, are discussed. The selection of disabilities to be considered was made on the basis of incidence in the population, difficulty of psychological appraisal and of vocational rehabilitation, and the availability of psychological literature on the subjects. Since all of the contributors are recognized figures in the
Data on eligibility for thrombolytic treatment can indeed be generalised
Authors: J. K French, H. D White
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Eligibility for thrombolytic treatment in patients presenting with acute ischaemic chest pain depends on the electrocardiogram at the time of admission, the delay from the onset of symptoms to presentation, and the presence or absence of contraindications. Adam D Timmis1 does not seem to have considered the appreciable number of patients with a discharge diagnosis of definite myocardial infarction who presented with ST depression, T wave inversion, or a normal electrocardiogram–32% in our prospective series,2 36% in …
Hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as markers of disease activity in farmer's lung.
Authors: L Bjermer, A Engstrom-Laurent, R Lundgren, L Rosenhall, R Hallgren
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Ten patients were studied during an acute episode of farmer's lung. Prominent findings were an impaired diffusion capacity (on average only 51% of predicted) and substantially increased amounts of hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide recovered during bronchoalveolar lavage; mean concentrations of these constituents in lavage fluid were 547 (range 137-1125) and 9.7 (2.8-19.4) micrograms/l, respectively. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy controls (n = 21) hyaluronate concentrations were less than 15 micrograms/l and procollagen peptide concentrations less than 0.2 micrograms/l. Lavage fluid concentrations of these potential markers of fibroblast activation declined during the recovery phase of farmer's lung; four to 10 weeks after admission (n = 7) mean concentrations of hyaluronate and procollagen peptide were 154 (range 38-650) and 4.4 (0.6-15.8) micrograms/l, respectively. At clinical remission six to 14 months after admission concentrations of these markers had returned almost to normal, though slightly increased concentrations were still evident in about half the patients (n = 7). At that time lung volumes were normal but diffusion capacity remained slightly subnormal. It was concluded that in farmer's lung release of hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide reflects activity of the disease. Increased synthesis of these connective tissue components continuing in a patient avoiding mouldy plant material may signal an increased risk of developing fibrotic lung disease. The abnormal accumulation of hyaluronate in the smaller airways in acute farmer's lung may be expected to immobilize water and thereby provide a possible mechanism of the interstitial inflammatory lung oedema with associated impaired gas diffusion. This hypothesis is supported by the relation found between hyaluronate in lavage fluid and reduced diffusion capacity.
Ezrin-radixin-moesin–binding phosphoprotein 50 is expressed at the apical membrane of rat liver epithelia
Authors: Laura Fouassier, ChengYing Duan, Andrew P. Feranchak, Chris C.H. Yun, Eileen Sutherland, Francis Simon, Gregory J. Fitz, Brian R. Doctor
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Ezrin–radixin–moesin (ERM)–binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) and NHE3 Kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP) are membrane–cytoskeleton linking proteins that utilize 2 PSD–95/DIg/ZO–1 (PDZ) domains and an ERM binding site to coordinate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–regulated ion transport in a number of distinct epithelia. ERM family members serve to anchor EBP50 and E3KARP to the actin cytoskeleton and sequester protein kinase A (PKA) to these protein complexes. In hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the bile secretory unit, cAMP–activated PKA stimulates secretion and bile formation, but the molecular mechanisms, including the potential contribution of EBP50 and E3KARP, remain undetermined. The present studies evaluated the comparative expression and localization of EBP50 and E3KARP in rat hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Complementary DNAs encoding rat EBP50 and E3KARP were identified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in both epithelial cell types and subsequently sequenced. Northern and Western analysis showed the presence of EBP50 messenger RNA and protein in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed EBP50 was concentrated at the apical domain of both cell types. E3KARP was also expressed in cholangiocytes but had a distinct cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution. In dominant–negative transfection studies, patch clamp analysis of Mz–ChA1 cholangiocarcinoma cells showed that expression of the PDZ1 domain of EBP50 selectively decreased the endogenous cAMP–mediated Cl secretory response. The apical expression of EBP50, presence of specific ERM proteins, and functional effects of PDZ1 expression on cholangiocyte secretion suggest EBP50 is positioned to contribute to the organization and regulation of bile secretory proteins in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
TGF-β enhances alcohol dependent hepatocyte damage via down-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase I
Authors: Loredana Ciuclan, Sabrina Ehnert, Iryna Ilkavets, Hong-Lei Weng, Haristi Gaitantzi, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Elke Ueberham, Nadja M. Meindl-Beinker, Manfred V. Singer, Katja Breitkopf, Steven Dooley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Death Without Prior Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy
Authors: Michael T. Koller, Beat Schaer, Marcel Wolbers, Christian Sticherling, Heiner C. Bucher, Stefan Osswald
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival in selected patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction in randomized trials. Competing death without prior appropriate ICD therapy might preclude benefit from ICD implantation in a less selected routine-care population.We selected all patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy with an ICD implanted for primary or secondary prevention from a single-center prospective registry between 1994 and 2006. The end point was time to first appropriate ICD therapy/confirmed ventricular fibrillation or death without prior appropriate ICD therapy. We analyzed cumulative incidence functions and used competing risk regression to study predictors of appropriate ICD therapy or prior death. In 442 patients, 73 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 3.6 years (maximum, 12.7 years). The cumulative incidence of first appropriate ICD therapy until year 7 was 52%, whereas 11% died without prior ICD therapy. The cumulative incidence of appropriate ICD therapy for ventricular fibrillation was 13%, whereas 23% died without prior therapy for ventricular fibrillation. Appropriate ICD therapy was twice as likely in secondary prevention compared with primary prevention, whereas death rates before ICD therapy were similar in both groups. Diuretic use for heart failure compared with nonuse predicted a 4-fold-increased risk of death prior to ICD therapy, although the incidence of appropriate ICD therapy was similar in both groups.In a contemporary ICD population, the risk of death without prior appropriate ICD therapy is substantial, especially in patients with advanced heart failure.
Savings From Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Osteomyelitis
Authors: Allan J. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to comment on the article submitted by Drs Eisenberg and Kitz1<sup>1</sup>in the March 28 issue discussing savings from outpatient therapy for osteomyelitis. Our experience has supported the notion that many patients with serious infections can be effectively treated with parenteral antibiotics at home. However, the authors' statement that "over 50% of inpatients with serious infections can be released for outpatient therapy" misinterprets the statistics presented in our 1983 article.<sup>2</sup>We described 80 patients who were considered for participation in the Home Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy Program. The training of 32 patients was cancelled for medical, psychosocial, or financial reasons. During the period discussed in the article, there were many more than 80 patients hospitalized with serious infections, and the patients evaluated for home intravenous antibiotic therapy represent but a small fraction of that number. We applaud the authors for reiterating the point
Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models
Authors: Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Steven P Wilder, Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau, Richard H Barton, Jane F Fearnside, Karène Argoud, Lisa D'Amato, Robert H Wallis, Christine Blancher, Hector C Keun, Dorrit Baunsgaard, James Scott, Ulla Grove Sidelmann, Jeremy K Nicholson, Dominique Gauguier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
A Longitudinal Comparison of the Kinetics of 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-EHDP in Humans
Authors: LEONARD ROSENTHALL, ARTIN ARZOUMANIAN, ROBERT LISBONA, KAZUO ITOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-EHDP were compared in 11 volunteers and 20 patients for blood retention, urinary excretion, bone to soft tissue background and overall quality of the radionuclide images. 99mTc-MDP showed significant superiority in most of the parameters tested making it the preferred radiopharmaceutical. However, in those patients exhibiting skeletal disease both 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-EHDP disclosed the same lesions with approximately equal relief.
Impaired Antigen Presentation and Effectiveness of Combined Active/Passive Immunotherapy for Epithelial Tumors
Authors: K. Matsumoto, G. R. Leggatt, J. Zhong, X. Liu, R. L. de Kluyver, T. Peters, G. J. P. Fernando, A. Liem, P. F. Lambert, I. H. Frazer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Although immunization with tumor antigens can eliminate many transplantable tumors in animal models, immune effector mechanisms associated with successful immunotherapy of epithelial cancers remain undefined. Methods: Skin from transgenic mice expressing the cervical cancer–associated tumor antigen human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 or E7 proteins from a keratin 14 promoter was grafted onto syngeneic, non-transgenic mice. Skin graft rejection was measured after active immunization with HPV16 E7 and adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells. Cytokine secretion of lymphocytes from mice receiving skin grafts and immunotherapy was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HPV16 E7–specific memory CD8 + T cells were detected by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Results: Skin grafts containing HPV16 E6–or E7–expressing keratinocytes were not rejected spontaneously or following immunization with E7 protein and adjuvant. Adoptive transfer of E7-specific T-cell receptor transgenic CD8 + T cells combined with immunization resulted in induction of antigen-specific interferon gamma–secreting CD8 + T cells and rejection of HPV16 E7–expressing grafts. Specific memory CD8 + T cells were generated by immunotherapy. However, a further HPV16 E7 graft was rejected from animals with memory T cells only after a second E7 immunization. Conclusions: Antigen-specific CD8 + T cells can destroy epithelium expressing HPV16 E7 tumor antigen, but presentation of E7 antigen from skin is insufficient to reactivate memory CD8 + T cells induced by immunotherapy. Thus, effective cancer immunotherapy in humans may need to invoke sufficient effector as well as memory T cells.
Consultations about changing behaviour
Authors: Stephen Rollnick, Christopher C Butler, Jim McCambridge, Paul Kinnersley, Glyn Elwyn, Ken Resnicow
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Persuading patients to change behaviour that is damaging their health can be difficult.Changing the style of consultation could improve the experience for doctors and patients Health threatening behaviours are the commonest cause of premature illness and death in the developed world, affecting the sustainability of our health services and society. 1 Almost every healthcare worker interacting with almost every patient has an important opportunity to change health behaviour.Examples include a general practitioner talking to a patient about smoking or exercise, a health visitor engaging a mother about her child's diet, an accident and emergency house officer talking to an injured patient about alcohol, a renal nurse discussing fluid intake, and a dental hygienist discussing flossing.These consultations can be difficult to navigate, however, and practitioners often make a cursory attempt to satisfy external guidelines or end up avoiding the subject altogether.Here, we consider how the flexible use of a guiding style could make health promotion more satisfying and effective.
The Retina: Morphology, Function and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Henry J. L. Van Dyk
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A brilliantly colored Van Gogh or a flash of white light—how does the eye translate these into optic nerve impulses? The translation is done by "the immediate instrument of vision," the retina. This book deals with that translation process. The book is based on a symposium held at the dedication at the Jules Stein Institute at UCLA College of Medicine. It attracted many of the brightest names working in visual science today. Scanning the table of contents, one finds Dowling writing on the retinal ganglion cells, Mommaerts on the visual pigments, Dartnall and also Wald on visual photochemistry, Rushton on retinal adaptation, Hartline on retinal inhibitory interaction, Brown on the electroretinogram, Straatsma on the topography of the retina, Potts on clinical electroretinogram and electro-oculography, Linksz on acquired color blindness, and 12 other papers on related topics. The scholarly excellence of the contributed work, well edited and well published, is an
Creatine Phosphokinase Activity during Lithium Treatment
Authors: R. Gosling, R. J. Kerry, G. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a group of patients suffering from manic depressive illness treated with lithium carbonate occasional large increases in creatine phosphokinase (C.P.K.) activity were seen. These were found to occur at times when the patients were stable in mood and clinically well. The serum lithium levels were adequate in all cases at the time of raised C.P.K. activity. Raised C.P.K. activity can be an indication that the disease is active but is controlled by lithium.