tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
Authors: STEPHEN E. STRAUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

During the last 10 years, there have been major advances in the understanding of varicella-zoster virus and the diseases it causes. The molecular biology of the virus is being unraveled with the aid of new molecular technologies. Varicella, usually a benign manifestation of primary infection, and zoster, a result of reactivation of latent virus, can cause considerable morbidity in patients with immune impairment. Antiviral drugs, especially acyclovir, ameliorate severe infections but still have little role in the treatment of most normal patients with varicella or zoster. Varicella can be prevented when necessary by patient isolation and passive prophylaxis with varicella-zoster immune globulin. An experimental live vaccine also prevents varicella, but problems regarding its virulence for immunosuppressed patients and the durability of the protective response are still being addressed.
Gastric Mucosal Surface In Cirrhosis Evaluated By Magnifying Endoscopy And Scanning Electronic Microscopy
Authors: None Calès, None Oberti, None Delmotte, None Baslé, None Casa, None Arnaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Gastric mucosa may have several tiny patterns in portal hypertension. In this prospective study, we used magnifying endoscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to better characterize the morphology of gastric mucosa in patients with cirrhosis, and we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnifying endoscopy.
Stereoscopic manual of gonioscopy.
Authors: Arthur Gerard DeVoe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This well-printed and illustrated manual, written by an acknowledged expert in the field, is a concise, literate summation of current knowledge of the anatomy, instrumentation, and disorders of the angle of the ocular anterior chamber. Its unique feature is the inclusion of 56 full-color stereophotographs and a collapsible viewing device. My only adverse criticism is that the viewer is obviously fragile and awkward to use. It can be easily replaced, however, with a standard, nonfolding instrument. This manual provides an excellent introduction to clinical gonioscopy.
1108 GP130 dependent signalling is protective after bile duct ligation in mice
Authors: T WUESTEFELD, C KLEIN, G GORES, J SCHOELMERICH, M MANNS, C TRAUTWEIN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Human hepatocytes cultured in a monolayer configuration represent a well-established in vitro model in liver toxicology, notably used in drug transporter studies. Polarized status of drug transporters, i.e., their coordinated location at sinusoidal or canalicular membranes, remains however incompletely documented in these cultured hepatocytes. The present study was therefore designed to analyze transporter expression and location in such cells. Most of drug transporters were first shown to be present at notable mRNA levels in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Cultured human hepatocytes, which morphologically exhibited bile canaliculi-like structures, were next demonstrated, through immunofluorescence staining, to express the influx transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP2B1 and organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 3 at their sinusoidal pole. In addition, the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and MRP2 were detected at the canalicular pole of monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Moreover, canalicular secretion of reference substrates for the efflux transporters bile salt export pump, MRP2 and P-glycoprotein as well as sinusoidal drug transporter activities were observed. This polarized and functional expression of drug transporters in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes highlights the interest of using this human in vitro cell model in xenobiotic transport studies.
Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin 7 expression in resting and proliferating biliary structures of rat liver
Authors: Sándor Paku, Katalin Dezső, László Kopper, Peter Nagy
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Cytokeratins are the largest subfamily of intermediate filament proteins and include more than 20 different gene products, which are expressed in an epithelial tissue-specific manner. We studied by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy the distribution of cytokeratin subtypes in the biliary system of adult rat liver. A cytokeratin (CK)19+/7− cholangiocyte population was observed in the smaller branches of the biliary tree including the canals of Hering. They proliferated after 2-acetaminofluorene (AAF) administration, although later the typical oval cells expressed CK7. This observation suggests that cholangiocytes with this cytokeratin phenotype may harbor adult hepatic stem cells. The CK19+/7− cholangiocytes were not present in the rat liver at birth, but developed postnatally. Similar cell populations were not observed in human livers. In conclusion , we propose that the CK19+/7− phenotype may be characteristic for adult hepatic stem cells in rat liver and that these cells are generated de novo after birth. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html ). (Hepatology 2005;42:863–870.)
Evidence for Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Steffen E. Petersen, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Lucy E. Hudsmith, Matthew D. Robson, Jane M. Francis, Helen A. Doll, Joseph B. Selvanayagam, Stefan Neubauer, Hugh Watkins
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) may create an ischemic substrate conducive to sudden death, but it remains unknown whether the extent of hypertrophy is associated with proportionally poorer perfusion reserve. Comparisons between magnitude of hypertrophy, impairment of perfusion reserve, and extent of fibrosis may offer new insights for future clinical risk stratification in HCM but require multiparametric imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. Methods and Results— Degree of hypertrophy, myocardial blood flow at rest and during hyperemia (hMBF), and myocardial fibrosis were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging in 35 HCM patients (9 [26%] male/26 female) and 14 healthy controls (4 [29%] male/10 female), aged 18 to 78 years (mean±SD, 42±14 years) with the use of the American Heart Association left ventricular 16-segment model. Resting MBF was similar in HCM patients and controls. hMBF was lower in HCM patients (1.84±0.89 mL/min per gram) than in healthy controls (3.42±1.76 mL/min per gram, with a difference of −0.95±0.30 [SE] mL/min per gram; P &lt;0.001) after adjustment for multiple variables, including end-diastolic segmental wall thickness ( P &lt;0.001). In HCM patients, hMBF decreased with increasing end-diastolic wall thickness ( P &lt;0.005) and preferentially in the endocardial layer. The frequency of endocardial hMBF falling below epicardial hMBF rose with wall thickness ( P =0.045), as did the incidence of fibrosis ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— In HCM the vasodilator response is reduced, particularly in the endocardium, and in proportion to the magnitude of hypertrophy. Microvascular dysfunction and subsequent ischemia may be important components of the risk attributable to HCM.
Patient survival after renal transplantation: I. The impact of dialysis pre-transplant
Authors: Fernando G. Cosio, Amir Alamir, Susan Yim, Todd E. Pesavento, Michael E. Falkenhain, Mitchell L. Henry, Elmahdi A. Elkhammas, Elizabeth A. Davies, Ginny L. Bumgardner, Ronald M. Ferguson
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Targeted Inactivation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel Gene Prevents Ischemic Preconditioning in Isolated Mouse Heart
Authors: Hong Chen, Luis L. Liu, Linda L. Ye, Conor McGuckin, Susan Tamowski, Paul Scowen, Honglin Tian, Keith Murray, William J. Hatton, Dayue Duan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels may be involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). In this study, we tested whether the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels, which are expressed in the heart and activated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C, are important for IPC in isolated heart preparations from wild-type (WT) and CFTR knockout (CFTR-/-) mice.Hearts were isolated from age-matched WT or CFTR-/- (B6.129P2-Cftr(tm1Unc) and STOCKCftr(tm1Unc)-TgN 1Jaw) mice and perfused in the Langendorff or working-heart mode. All hearts were allowed to stabilize for 10 minutes before they were subjected to 30 or 45 minutes of global ischemia followed by 40 minutes of reperfusion (control group) or 3 cycles of 5 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion (IPC group) before 30 or 45 minutes of global ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion. Hemodynamic indices were recorded to evaluate cardiac functions. Release of creatine phosphate kinase (CPK) in the samples of coronary effluent and infarct size of the ventricles were used to estimate myocardial tissue injury. In WT adult hearts, IPC protected cardiac function during reperfusion and significantly decreased ischemia-induced CPK release and infarct size. A selective CFTR channel blocker, gemfibrozil, abrogated the protective effect of IPC. Furthermore, targeted inactivation of the CFTR gene in 2 different strains of CFTR-/- mice also prevented IPC's protection of cardiac function and myocardial injury against sustained ischemia.CFTR Cl- channels may serve as novel and crucial mediators in mouse heart IPC.
A<i>de novo</i>missense mutation in the keratin 13 gene in oral white sponge naevus
Authors: A. Nishizawa, R. Nakajima, H. Nakano, D. Sawamura, K. Takayama, T. Satoh, H. Yokozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: None declared. White sponge naevus (WSN; OMIM 193900) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by variable, and at times extensive, leucokeratosis of the oral mucosa. In some cases, the nasal, oesophageal and anogenital mucosa may be similarly affected. Histologically, involved mucosa shows a characteristic basket‐weave or cell‐within‐cell appearance.1 Recent study has shown that keratin 4 (K4)2 and keratin 13 (K13)3 gene mutations are associated with WSN. Thus far, four pathogenic mutations have been identified in K4 and five in K13 in patients with WSN, and all these mutations were identified in familial cases of WSN. Clinically, oral manifestations seen in WSN resemble those found in mucosal disorders such as lichen planus and candidiasis. Therefore, it is not always easy to diagnose a patient with sporadic WSN with no family history of the disorder. Here we report a novel de novo missense mutation in KRT13 identified in a sporadic case of WSN.
The renal, forearm, and hormonal responses to standing in the presence and absence of propranolol.
Authors: G L Bakris, D M Wilson, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Nine normal volunteers underwent assessment of renal, forearm, and hormonal responses to orthostasis (quiet standing) in the presence and absence of 1 week of oral propranolol (160 mg/day). This was done to test the hypothesis that physiologic decrements in renal function (glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, and absolute urinary sodium excretion) are attenuated by propranolol during quiet standing. The present studies, however, demonstrate that propranolol exaggerates the physiologic decrement in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, and absolute urinary sodium excretion during orthostasis. Forearm and renal vascular resistances were also accentuated in the presence of propranolol during quiet standing. These responses were associated with significant increases in plasma norepinephrine. We conclude that long-term administration of propranolol accentuates the physiologic decrement in renal hemodynamic and excretory function as well as in the forearm hemodynamic response to orthostasis in normal subjects.
Prevention of arterial reocclusion after thrombolysis with activated protein C. Comparison with heparin in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis.
Authors: T Sakamoto, H Ogawa, H Yasue, Y Oda, S Kitajima, K Tsumoto, H Mizokami
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Reocclusion of recanalized coronary arteries often limits the efficacy of coronary thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Activated protein C (APC) is an important regulatory enzyme in hemostasis. In view of the potential of human APC as an anticoagulant and profibrinolytic agent, the effect of APC on thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) was studied in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis.Continuous artery flow monitoring in the left anterior descending coronary artery of 30 anesthetized adult beagles was performed by a magnetic flowmeter. Localized thrombosis was produced in the left anterior descending coronary artery and administration of rTPA (alteplase, 0.45 mg/kg IV) was done for 30 minutes. The dogs were randomly assigned to receive one of the following intravenous adjunctive therapies: (1) control group (n = 10): human albumin at a rate of 0.83 mL/min; (2) APC group (n = 10): human plasma-derived APC (0.6 mg/kg) with human albumin as a vehicle at a rate of 0.83 mL/min; and (3) heparin group (n = 10): heparin (200 U/kg) with saline at a rate of 0.83 mL/min. Each adjunctive therapy was started simultaneously with rTPA and lasted for 60 minutes. Coronary recanalization occurred in all dogs of each adjunctive treatment group in 19.1 +/- 1.9 minutes (mean +/- SEM). In a 120-minute observation after the termination of rTPA, reocclusion developed in all the dogs in the control and heparin groups but in only 3 of the 10 dogs in the APC group (P < .002 versus control and heparin). Time from recanalization to reocclusion (minutes, mean +/- SEM) was prolonged in the APC group (103.2 +/- 14.2) as compared with the control (10.2 +/- 2.3, P < .001) and heparin (30.3 +/- 11.8, P < .002) groups. Activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged similarly in each group after thrombolytic therapy. On the other hand, bleeding time was prolonged in only the heparin group after the treatment. Serious hemorrhagic side effects were not observed in all three groups.APC prevents coronary artery reocclusion after recanalization with rTPA in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. This finding suggests that APC may be useful as an adjunctive treatment to enhance the effects of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
The Sign of the "Tumbling Bullet" Revisited
Authors: James R. LePage
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Left Anterior Arborization Block Combined with Right Bundle Branch Block in Canine and Primate Hearts
Authors: THOMAS B. WATT, GERRIT E. FREUD, DIRK DURRER, RAYMAND D. PRUITT
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Interruption of anterior fibers of the left bundle branch system together with right bundle branch block was accomplished experimentally in canine and primate hearts. In both species the electrocardiographic effects included a major alteration of the mean electrical axis to a superior and anterior direction. Epicardial excitation was markedly delayed anteriorly, causing widening of the QRS complex in standard electrocardiographic leads. Normal outward intramural spread of excitation in anterior regions of the left ventricle was reversed after left anterior arborization block alone. After addition of right bundle branch block, intramural spread of excitation was again directed outwardly but was markedly delayed in endocardial onset. Electrical effects of these blocks could be "corrected" individually or in combination by introducing synchronized electrical stimuli distal to each lesion. A scheme is proposed by which various forms of intraventricular conduction disturbance can be defined in terms of block of one or more divisions of a three-pronged system of rapid ventricular excitation.
An unusual presentation of pulmonary artery dissection
Authors: S L Hoye, C P Gale, D J M Tolan, C B Pepper
Journal: Thorax (2009)

A morbidly obese woman presented with exertional dyspnoea and leg swelling. Past medical history included deep venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation. Arterial blood gases demonstrated chronic respiratory acidosis and type 2 respiratory failure. Further evaluation consisted of spirometry (restrictive defect), Epworth scoring, overnight pulse oximetry (median oxygen saturation 68%) and echocardiography (pulmonary artery pressure 59 mm Hg). CT pulmonary angiography excluded signs of acute or …
1109 POSITIVE ANTI-GP210 ANTIBODIES IS A STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR BILE DUCT LOSS AND HEPATITIS WHICH INDUCE JAUNDICE-TYPE PROGRESSION OF PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS IN JAPANESE PATIENTS
Authors: M. Nakamura, M. Ito, K. Yamamoto, M. Zeniya, H. Ohira, E. Hashimoto, S. Kaneko, Y. Ueno, K. Kikuchi, M. Onji, S. Shimoda, A. Komori, H. Takikawa, S. Onishi, H. Tsubouchi, H. Ishibashi, Y. Nakanuma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
On the mechanisms of maternofetal transfer of human albumin and γG globulin in the mouse
Authors: David Gitlin, Christian Koch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Human serum albumin and human gammaG globulin were labeled with (131)I, and the labeled proteins were then mixed with different amounts of the respective unlabeled protein. These mixtures were injected intravenously into pregnant mice near term, and the amounts of protein-bound radioactivity present in the fetuses and in maternal serum 24 hr later were determined. The concentration of human albumin found in the fetus was proportional to the maternal serum concentration of this protein over the maternal range studied, from 0.03 to 935 mg/100 ml. On the other hand, the fetal concentration of human gammaG first increased rapidly as the maternal concentration increased to approximately 200 mg/100 ml and then decreased as the maternal concentration continued to increase above this level; however, as the maternal human gammaG level increased above approximately 1100 mg/100 ml, the fetal concentration again increased and became proportional to the maternal concentration. The data suggest that maternofetal transfer of human gammaG in the mouse may be mediated by two processess; one of these, as with the transfer of human albumin, appears to be first order in relation to the maternal serum concentration, and the other appears to be consistent with a carrier or enzymatic process that is directly or indirectly inhibited at high maternal serum levels.
Observations on Abnormal Cells in the Peripheral Blood and Spleen in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: M. R. Halie, R. Eibergen, H. O. Nieweg
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The occurrence of abnormal cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease has been described in the literature. In the present investigation several varieties of cells were found, two of which are believed to be typical of the disease. The significance of these cells in the peripheral blood is not yet clear, but there seems to be a correlation between the presence of these characteristic cells in the blood and involvement of the spleen by the disease as determined by microscopical examination. In 11 patients both abnormalities proved to be absent; 13 out of 14 other patients showed both the abnormal cells in the blood and Hodgkin lesions in the spleen.If circulating abnormal cells are indeed an indication of the presence of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen, involvement of this organ is likely to be due to or to give rise to haematogenous dissemination. The other possibility remains that both the occurrence of abnormal cells in the peripheral blood and splenic involvement are due to a multicentric origin of the disease. It seems most unlikely that the splenic lesions are consistent with localized disease still restricted to the lymphoid system. These findings challenge the validity of the present widely used so-called Rye classification of clinical stages in Hodgkin's disease.
Fibrin glue versus stapler fixation in laparoscopic transabdominal inguinal hernia repair: A single center 5-year experience and analysis of the results in the elderly
Authors: Alessia Ferrarese, Silvia Marola, Alessandra Surace, Alessandro Borello, Marco Bindi, Jacopo Cumbo, Mario Solej, Stefano Enrico, Mario Nano, Valter Martino
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
The role of osmotic polysorbitol-based transporter in RNAi silencing via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and COX-2 expression
Authors: Mohammad Ariful Islam, Ji-Young Shin, Jannatul Firdous, Tae-Eun Park, Yun-Jaie Choi, Myung-Haing Cho, Cheol-Heui Yun, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Winterbourne report: long term hospital beds for people with learning disabilities to end by 2014
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Department of Health for England has pledged to move as many people as possible with a learning disability or autism out of inpatient hospital care and into care in a community setting.

The commitment was made in the department’s final report into the neglect and abuse of people with learning disabilities at Winterbourne View Hospital in Bristol, which was published yesterday.1 The abuse at the hospital was uncovered last year by the BBC’s Panorama programme.2

The minister for care and support services, Norman Lamb, told a press conference: “I thought we had addressed the problem of institutionalised care some time ago, then you discover that it is quietly going up again.”

A “complete culture change” in society was needed, he said. “Would we ever tolerate someone with …