tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances in Roentgenographic Techniques and Equipment
Authors: John A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE GENERAL ROENTGENOLOGIST spends about one half of his time, derives about one half of his income, involves about one half of his patients, and utilizes about one half of his equipment costs in the examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Certainly he is hopeful that his diagnoses incident to this effort are correct more than one half of the time. One of his important functions in this field is to demonstrate peptic ulceration occurring in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small bowel. It is probable that, if any radical change in the conduct of roentgen examination transpires in the near future, it may come as the result of fluoroscopic image intensification and the application of cine methods. Through the use of electron-optical or television circuitry, it is possible for the first time to study with filming techniques the dynamic motion of high contrast organ systems such as the barium
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis: An uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome
Authors: Dolores Nosti-Martínez, Victoria del Castillo, Carola Durán-Mckinster, Lourdes Tamayo-Sánchez, Maria de la Luz Orozco-Covarrubias, Ramón Ruiz-Maldonado
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
Head and Neck Cancer: Recent Advances and New Standards of Care
Authors: Arlene A. Forastiere, Andy Trotti, David G. Pfister, Jennifer R. Grandis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Arlene A. Forastiere, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Andy Trotti, Radiation Therapy Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL David G. Pfister, Head and Neck Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY Jennifer R. Grandis, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Univeristy of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Antigen-specific stimulation of histamine releasing factors in diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma.
Authors: Z L Herd, D I Bernstein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Diisocyanate-induced asthma differs from occupational asthma (OA) caused by protein allergens in that specific IgE antibody responses are rarely identified. To investigate the immunopathogenesis of diisocyanate asthma, diisocyanate-exposed workers were evaluated for in vitro production of antigen-specific mononuclear cell-derived histamine releasing factor (HRF). The mean HRF response to diisocyanate-HSA antigens was significantly greater in patients with OA than in diisocyanate-exposed asymptomatic subjects (p < 0.05). No association was found between HRF and diisocyanate-specific antibodies. Analysis of HRF production by subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that lymphocytes and adherent cells were major sources of both spontaneous and antigen-stimulated HRF. The results suggest that antigen-specific HRF produced by PBMCs are an important biomarker for diisocyanate-induced asthma. This is the first report of hapten-specific stimulation of PBMCs resulting in HRF production.
Abstract 3838: Akt isoform-specific signaling in breast cancer cell invasive migration
Authors: Yuet Ming Rebecca Chin, Alex Toker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Akt/PKB (protein kinase B) is a proto-oncogene that plays critical roles in cell survival, proliferation and metabolism. There are three mammalian Akt isoforms: Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3. They share a high degree of amino acid similarity and are activated by similar mechanisms. The current paradigm is that all three Akt isoforms promote cancer cell survival and growth. Interestingly, recent studies from our laboratory have shown that Akt1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Conversely, Akt2 has been shown to promote breast cancer cell migration. We therefore seek to test the hypothesis that Akt isoforms regulate breast cancer cell invasive migration in a distinct manner, and investigate the mechanistic basis for this selectivity. Current experiments are undertaken to identify novel substrates of Akt1 and Akt2, which modulate cell motility, with a combination of shRNA and phospho-proteomic approaches. shRNAs specific to Akt1 or Akt2 have been generated and delivered into human breast cancer cells by lentiviral vectors. Using an antibody that recognizes phosphorylated serine/threonine residues contained within a consensus Akt motif (RXRXXS/T), we showed that palladin, a component of actin-containing microfilaments, is phosphorylated at serine 507 by Akt1 but not Akt2. Downregulation of palladin using RNA interference enhances migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and induces abnormal branching morphogenesis in 3D cultures, indicative of an anti-migratory function for palladin. Importantly, palladin is required for Akt1-mediated inhibition of breast cancer cell migration, whereby the migratory effect induced by palladin silencing is reversed by wild-type but not a S507A mutant. Finally, palladin phosphorylation by Akt1 is functionally required for bundling F-actin and maintaining an organized actin cytoskeleton network in cells. These findings identify palladin as an Akt1-specific substrate that regulates cell motility and further provide a molecular mechanism that accounts for the functional distinction between Akt isoforms in breast cancer cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3838.
Safety and efficacy of single-agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Paul Richardson, Sundar Jagannath, Mohamad Hussein, James Berenson, Seema Singhal, David Irwin, Stephanie F. Williams, William Bensinger, Ashraf Z. Badros, Robert Vescio, Laurie Kenvin, Zhinuan Yu, Marta Olesnyckyj, Jerome Zeldis, Robert Knight, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2009)
Nasal allergies and beyond: a clinical review of the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of mometasone furoate
Authors: C. van Drunen, E. O. Meltzer, C. Bachert, J. Bousquet, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS; Nasonex ® , Schering‐Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) is an effective and well‐tolerated intranasal corticosteroid approved for the prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, and the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. MFNS is a potent molecule with a rapid onset of action and excellent safety and efficacy profiles. Having recently received approval for the treatment of nasal polyposis, data indicate that MFNS may also be effective in rhinosinusitis.
Combined endoscopic stent insertion in malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction
Authors: M. Mutignani, A. Tringali, S. Shah, V. Perri, P. Familiari, F. Iacopini, C. Spada, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are an effective palliative treatment for malignant biliary and duodenal strictures. Combined biliary and duodenal stenting remains a technical challenge, however. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of an endoscopic approach to double stenting of malignant biliary and duodenal strictures.Consecutive patients referred for palliative gastroduodenal and biliary stenting were followed up prospectively. Patients' demographic characteristics, the site and nature of the strictures, success rates, complications, and survival time were recorded.A total of 64 patients underwent double stenting. In 46 patients, biliary obstruction occurred before the onset of duodenal obstruction (by a median of 107 days) (group 1); in 14 patients, biliary obstruction occurred concurrently with duodenal obstruction (group 2); and in four patients the duodenal obstruction preceded the biliary obstruction (by a median of 121 days) (group 3). The duodenal strictures were proximal to the papilla in 31 patients, adjacent to the papilla in 25 patients and distal to the papilla in eight patients. The majority of biliary strictures were in the middle or distal third of the bile duct (in 52/64 patients). Duodenal SEMS were successfully deployed in all patients. Combined endoscopic stenting was successful in 100% of patients in group 1, 86% of patients in group 2, and in 100% of patients in group 3. Taking the three groups together, early complications occurred in 6% of patients and late complications occurred in 16% of patients. The overall median survival after combined stenting was 81 days (range 2-447 days).Combined endoscopic biliary and duodenal SEMS insertion is safe and effective for palliation in malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction. Biliary stenting through the mesh of the duodenal SEMS is technically feasible and has a high success rate.
Co-stimulation: novel methods for preventing viral-induced lung inflammation
Authors: Tracy Hussell, Robert Snelgrove, Ian R. Humphreys, Andrew E. Williams
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2004)

Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although an immune response is required to eliminate respiratory pathogens, if unchecked, it can damage surrounding tissues and block primary lung function. Based on our knowledge of immune T-cell activation, there are several pathways to which immune intervention could be applied. However, relatively few interventions target only those immune cells that are responding to antigens. OX40 and 4-1BB are members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family and are expressed on the surface of T cells in several inflammatory conditions. Recently, the inhibition of OX40 has proved beneficial during influenza virus infection. This review highlights the recent advances in the manipulation of such molecules and how they have been applied to inflammatory conditions that are caused by viruses in the lung.
Removing intravascular lines at 72 hours allows need for antibiotics to be reassessed
Authors: M Ruddy, C C Kibbler
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITORőRandolph et al's meta-analysis suggests that continuous infusions of low dose heparin prolong the patency of arterial and venous peripheral catheters.1 This is encouraging for both patients with needle phobia and junior doctors. The authors do not, however, emphasise the risks of invasive vascular devices, particularly the infective risks.

Although some studies disagree, it is widely accepted that rates of phlebitis and infection (both local and systemic) …
Short-Term Hormone Therapy Suspension and Mammography Recall
Authors: Diana S.M. Buist, Melissa L. Anderson, Susan D. Reed, Erin J. Aiello Bowles, E. Dawn Fitzgibbons, Juleann C. Gandara, Deborah Seger, Katherine M. Newton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Without population-based evidence, some clinicians recommend short-term suspension of hormone therapy to improve the performance of mammography. Hormone therapy increases breast density, and abnormal screening mammograms are more common among women with denser breasts and among women using hormone therapy. Objective: To test whether 1 to 2 months of hormone therapy suspension before screening mammography decreases additional mammographic imaging (recall) in women age 45 to 80 years. Design: 3-group randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Integrated health plan in western Washington from 2004 to 2007. Patients: 1704 women age 45 to 80 years who used hormone therapy at their most recent screening (index) mammography, were due for screening (study) mammography, and were still using hormone therapy. Intervention: Block random assignment (by breast density and hormone therapy type) to no hormone therapy suspension (n = 567) or suspension for 1 month (n = 570) or 2 months (n = 567) before study mammography. One blinded expert radiologist interpreted all mammograms. Measurements: Recall was the primary outcome, and change in mammographic breast density (percentage and dense area) between the index and study mammograms was the secondary outcome. Results: Mammography recall rates were 11.3% (61 of 542 women in the no-suspension group), 12.3% (50 of 478 women in the 1-month suspension group), and 9.8% (44 of 451 women in the 2-month suspension group). No subgroups were identified in which brief suspension of hormone therapy resulted in decreased mammography recall. With suspension, decreases in percentage of breast density were orderly and statistically significant: 0.1% (no-suspension group), −0.9% (1-month suspension group), and −1.5% (2-month suspension group). Similar ordered decreases were observed for dense area. Women in the suspension groups experienced increased menopause symptoms. Limitations: Results can only be generalized to women age 45 to 80 years who have used hormone therapy for at least 1 year and will consider short-term suspension; most eligible women (61%) declined participation. Mammography recall was determined by 1 expert radiologist. Conclusion: Brief hormone therapy suspension was associated with small changes in breast density and did not affect recall rates. No evidence supports short-term hormone therapy suspension before mammography. Primary Funding Source: U.S. Department of Defense and the National Cancer Institute.
Lithium Carbonate: A Clinical Study
Authors: HARRY ZALL, PER-OLOF G. THERMAN, J. MARTIN MYERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Lithium carbonate has been widely acclaimed as a useful drug in the treatment of manic-depressive psychoses. The results of this clinical study emphasize that lithium is highly beneficial in preventing and alleviating acute mania and the hypomanic aspects of schizo-affective psychoses. When used alone, lithium was found to be relatively ineffective as an antidepressant. However, in combination with a tricyclic or MAO-inhibiting antidepressant, it was often effective in alleviating depressions, including those refractory to single psychopharmacological agents.
Mechanisms of mineral dust-induced emphysema.
Authors: A Churg, K Zay, K Li
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Mineral dust exposure can result in emphysema and chronic airflow obstruction. We postulated that dust-induced emphysema has a pathogenesis similar to that in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, namely, excess release of proteolytic enzymes from dust-evoked inflammatory cells, and inactivation of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) by dust-catalyzed formation of oxidants. To test this theory we examined the antiproteolytic activity of A1AT exposed to quartz in vitro and found that it was decreased in a dose-response fashion. Catalase prevented this effect, which suggested that it was mediated by quartz-generated hydrogen peroxide. We also showed that a variety of dusts could oxidize methionine to methionine sulfoxide in vitro, using either pure amino acid or whole protein. The relative order of activity was coal &gt; quartz &gt; titanium dioxide. Lastly, we used a new high-performance liquid chromatography technique to demonstrate that quartz, coal, and titanium dioxide produced connective tissue breakdown in rat lungs, as determined by the appearance of desmosine and hydroxyproline in lavage fluid after dust instillation. On a particle-for-particle basis, the order of dust potency was similar to that for methionine oxidation. Connective tissue breakdown was associated with elevations of both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in lavage fluid, and it is unclear whether one or both of these types of inflammatory cell mediates this process. These observations support our theory that dust-induced emphysema and smoke-induced emphysema occur through similar mechanisms.
Quick Reference to Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In our present era of rapidly increasing numbers of books and shrinking hours of readers' time, a text has been produced to serve as a quick reference to cardiovascular disease, aimed at establishing a common language and conceptual framework. Enthusiasm for using easily obtained diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines as the sole index of daily practice is understandable, but unfortunately not always justified because of a dependence on schematic simplification. It is certainly not immediately apparent how controversies related to stress testing, cardiac rehabilitation, coronary artery disease risk factors, and prevention of atherosclerosis requiring further intense scrutiny could fit into schematization. However, this basic hurdle is being overcome by this book, whose strong point is the high quality of its content. Most authors are authorities in their particular areas, and the individual chapters adroitly include both the common and the controversial situations that face today's practicing cardiologist.  The text is divided
587. HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp120 Induces Apoptosis in the Caudate-Putamen In Vivo: Implications for Gene Transfer of Anti-Oxidant Enzymes Using SV40 Vectors
Authors: Jean-Pierre Louboutin, Lokesh Agrawal, Beverly A.S. Reyes, Elisabeth J. van Bockstaele, David S. Strayer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is the most frequent cause of dementia in adults under 40 years of age. HIV-1 coat glycoprotein, gp120, has been suggested as a mediator of the neurotoxicity, since it elicits neuron apoptosis in culture. However, studies testing direct injection of gp120 into the brain have yielded conflicting results.
445 Function and phenotype of peptide-vaccine induced HCV specific CD8+ T cells vs. acute and chronic hepatitis C
Authors: V. Schlaphoff, S.B. Jelovcan, J. Wiegand, M. Cornberg, B. Jilma, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer, C.S. Klade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Blended Nanoparticle System Based on Miscible Structurally Similar Polymers: A Safe, Simple, Targeted, and Surprisingly High Efficiency Vehicle for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wei Tao, Jinxie Zhang, Xiaowei Zeng, Danny Liu, Gan Liu, Xi Zhu, Yanlan Liu, Qingtong Yu, Laiqiang Huang, Lin Mei
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A novel blended nanoparticle (NP) system for the delivery of anticancer drugs and its surprisingly high efficacy for cancer chemotherapy by blending a targeting polymer folic acid‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (FA‐PEG‐ b ‐PLGA) and a miscible structurally similar polymer D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate‐poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (TPGS‐PLGA) is reported. This blended NP system can be achieved through a simple and effective nanoprecipitation technique, and possesses unique properties: i) improved long‐term compatibility brought by PEG‐based polymers; ii) reduced multidrug resistance mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in tumor cells and increased bioavailability of anticancer drugs by incorporation of TPGS; iii) the regulation of controlled release through polymer ratios and active targeting by FA. Both in vitro cell experiments and in vivo antitumor assays demonstrated the reported blended NP system can achieve the best therapeutic efficiency in an extremely safe, simple and highly efficient process for cancer therapy. Moreover, this NP system is highly efficient in forming NPs with multiple functions, without repeated chemical modification of polymers, which is sometimes complex, inefficient and high cost. Therefore, the development of this novel blended NP concept is extremely meaningful for the application of pharmaceutical nanotechnology in recent studies.
Effect of Coronary Artery Diameter in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Nancy J. O’Connor, Jeremy R. Morton, John D. Birkmeyer, Elaine M. Olmstead, Gerald T. O’Connor
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Coronary artery diameter is known to be inversely associated with perioperative mortality related to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This association is believed to be responsible for increased risk among women and smaller people. However, the associations between sex, body size, and coronary size have not been carefully examined because direct information about coronary size is rarely available. Also, whether sex has an independent effect on vessel size is largely unknown.Height, weight, sex, age, status at hospital discharge, and luminal diameter of the midleft anterior descending coronary artery (mid-LAD) were recorded prospectively in 1325 patients undergoing CABG. Small vessel size was associated with substantially increased risk of in-hospital mortality (15.8% for 1.0-mm vessels, 4.6% for 1.5- to 2.0-mm vessels, and 1.5% for 2.5- to 3.5-mm vessels, P[trend] < .001). Vessel size was strongly related to both sex and measures of body size. In multiple linear regression analysis, vessel size was positively correlated with body surface area (P[trend] < .01), body mass index (P[trend] = .004), height (P[trend] = .001), and weight (P[trend] = .001). After controlling for differences in age and body size, sex remained an important predictor of coronary size. Within each quartile of each body-size measure, mid-LAD diameter in men was greater than that in women (mean difference [range], 0.14 to 0.23 mm).Small mid-LAD diameter is associated with substantially increased risk of in-hospital mortality with CABG. Although body size is correlated with mid-LAD diameter, women have smaller coronary arteries than men after controlling for differences in body size. These findings further support the hypothesis that smaller coronary arteries explain higher perioperative mortality with CABG in women and smaller people.
Accuracy in clinically evaluating pigmented lesions.
Authors: R. K. Curley, M. G. Cook, M. E. Fallowfield, R. A. Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the ability of three doctors experienced in managing melanocytic lesions to diagnose correctly melanoma, dysplastic naevi, and various benign pigmented lesions. DESIGN--Independent clinical evaluation and histopathological assessment. SETTING--Pigmented lesion clinic, which patients attend without an appointment for early diagnosis of melanoma. PATIENTS--86 Patients with lesions that were judged to be benign by at least one of the three doctors. INTERVENTIONS--The lesions were excised under local anaesthesia and sent for histopathological examination in coded bottles without clinical details. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Comparison of clinical with histopathological diagnosis for each lesion. RESULTS--A total of 120 lesions were evaluated by at least two of the three doctors. The histopathological diagnoses were made by the same pathologist. The overall sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) for the three doctors for all types of lesion was 50%. Of the 39 dysplastic naevi, only 19 were identified correctly by all observers, and a further 24 banal lesions were wrongly diagnosed as dysplastic by at least one doctor. Particular difficulty was experienced with small (less than 5 mm), flat lesions, which can be banal or potentially malignant. CONCLUSIONS--Critical diagnosis and management decisions concerning pigmented lesions should always be based on a combination of clinical and histopathological assessments and the history of the patient.