tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public health heresy.
Authors: F. Eskin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3></h3> As a response to the rising trend of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), a group of volunteers in Manila, Philippines, formed a nonprofit organization called The Red Whistle (TRW). MSM in the Philippines suffer not just from HIV-related stigma but also from gender-based discrimination. In order to circumvent this environment, TRW devised ‘#SaveSexy’ a gamified approach to HIV awareness communication and HIV testing promotion that is not explicitly targeted to MSM but used visual imagery and messaging that would attract an MSM crowd. Using well-designed merchandise and branding, celebrity volunteers, and themed activities, ‘#SaveSexy’ encouraged its target audience to rethink the concept of ‘sexy’ as being confidently aware of their sexual health. The campaign takes its cue from market research done by TRW and partner ad agencies on what works for its target audience and applies this research to sexual health promotion. In this format, TRW partners with local government units and community-based organizations to organize ‘races’ where three teams of volunteers compete to encourage the most number of individuals to get tested in a single day. Elements of the strategy include teaming up with a celebrity volunteer and using social media to boost the reach and engagement of the information drive online. It also includes partnering with the local government’s health office who will provide volunteers and materials for HIV testing. Aside from being well received, the intervention is also cost-effective. Designed to cost at around Php 250,000 (USD 5,000) per event targeting 350 individuals tested, the average cost per is Php 715 (USD 14) per individual tested. In February 2019, it reached the most number of individuals tested in one day at 1,006, also for the lowest amount invested at Php 170,000 or USD 3,400. Average cost per individual tested was Php 169 (USD 3.38). <h3>Disclosure</h3> No significant relationships.
Coroner's Verdict and Industrial Compensation
Authors: H. C. Lewinsohn
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Investigating HypertensionSno-Your recent leading article (1 July, p. 4) entitled " Investigating Hypertension" appears to give a somewhat incomplete and Bmseading impression of the current position in this field.Indeed, it is a little difficult to see what point your writer is trying to make.When is investigation of hypertension "fruitless " ?Apparently when continued
Prophylactic Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in Addition to Oral β-Blockade Does Not Prevent Atrial Arrhythmias After Coronary Artery or Valvular Heart Surgery
Authors: Richard C. Cook, Karin H. Humphries, Kenneth Gin, Michael T. Janusz, Richard S. Slavik, Victoria Bernstein, Mats Tholin, May K. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Atrial arrhythmias (AA) are an important cause of morbidity after cardiac surgery. Efforts at prevention of postoperative AA have been suboptimal. Perioperative beta-blocker administration is the standard of care at many centers. Although prophylactic administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) has been recommended, review of all previously published trials of MgSO(4) reveals conflicting results. This study was designed to address methodological shortcomings from previous studies and is the largest randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous (IV) MgSO(4) for the prevention of AA after coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valvular surgery.A total of 927 nonemergent cardiac surgery patients were stratified into 2 groups: isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (n=694), or valve surgery with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (n=233), and randomized to receive either 5g IV MgSO(4) or placebo on removal of the cross-clamp, followed by daily 4-hour infusions, from postoperative day 1 until postoperative day 4. All patients were treated according to an established oral beta-blocker protocol. Postoperative serum Mg levels were checked and standard of care was to administer IV MgSO(4) for low serum levels. The primary end point was AA lasting > or =30 minutes or requiring treatment for hemodynamic compromise. There were no differences in the incidence of AA between patients who received IV MgSO(4) or placebo (26.4% versus 24.3%, respectively). The results were similar when broken down according to stratified groups.In patients treated with a protocol for postoperative oral beta-blocker after nonemergent cardiac surgery, the addition of prophylactic IV MgSO(4) did not reduce the incidence of AA.
Mental Performance in Chronic Anoxia
Authors: R. Greene
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Operation was done in 130 cases, 34 being examples of combined mitral and aortic stenosis.The mortality of operation need be no more than 10-15%.A good result was obtained in about 70% of survivors.The mortality will always be high if opera- tion is deferred until features of heart failure have appeared.The patients included in this study were almost all operated on in collaboration with Drs.Maurice Campbell, Paul Wood, Charles Baker, and Ronald Gibson; I am indebted to them all.I am also grateful for the invaluable help of various colleagues in the investigations before, during, and after operation.Fig. 8
Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest Using High-Dose Epinephrine
Authors: John W. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I was most interested in the recent report by Drs Koscove and Paradis.<sup>1</sup>I would like to comment on their references to work that the late J. S. Redding and I did more than 25 years ago, which are summarized in a small monograph.<sup>2</sup> We found that 1 mg of epinephrine worked well in resuscitating our dog models, which weighed about 10 kg each. In view of the extraordinary range of recommendations for human resuscitation in the contemporary literature, we tried this same dose in humans, and often it worked. I remember several children as young as 3 years old to whom 1 mg of epinephrine was given with good results. Our thought at that time was that a dose of 1 mg was to be the<i>minimal</i>initial dose for any adult. It may be of interest to recall that many cardiologists were
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Guided Abdominal Interventional Radiology: Laser-Induced Thermotherapy of Liver Metastases
Authors: T. J. Vogl, M. G. Mack, R. Straub, A. Roggan, R. Felix
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of magnetic resonance imaging--guided laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) for the minimally invasive treatment of liver metastases, with regard to survival rates and local tumor control. Magnetic resonance--guided LITT under local anesthesia was carried out in 134 consecutive patients aged 28-84 (mean age 69), with a total of 383 liver metastases. The major groups were liver metastases from colorectal cancer (88 patients) and liver metastases from breast cancer (20 patients), as well as metastases of miscellaneous primary tumors (26 patients). A total of 1048 laser applications were carried out. Cumulative survival times were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. All of the patients tolerated the procedure under local anesthesia well, and no severe complications or side effects were observed. During the follow-up period, 29 of the 134 patients treated died. The mean survival time was 35 months in the colorectal cancer group, 30 months in the breast cancer group, and 34 months in the group with miscellaneous primary tumors. The statistical assessment of the equality of survival distribution showed no significant differences between the three groups (Breslow test P = 0.35, Tarone-Ware test P = 0.49). These results suggest that in patients with liver metastases, local tumor destruction using minimally invasive percutaneous LITT under local anesthesia results in improved clinical outcomes, independently of the type of primary tumor.
Alternative Medicine Office Urged to Act Rapidly
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE OFFICE of Alternative Medicine (OAM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, is being urged to get down to specifics without delay and establish a timetable to accomplish the goals it sets for itself. This was the message, repeated by many speakers, to Joseph Jacobs, MD, PhD, the director of the office, at a meeting this summer of its ad hoc advisory panel. "I'm impressed that this panel has taken on the responsibility of giving this new office a clear voice from the community regarding its charter for action. Of course, it remains to be seen if the office will take this forward, but I believe it will. I have heard nothing but positive indicators. I believe Dr Jacobs is committed to moving this forward," says panelist Gar Hildenbrand, executive director of the Gerson Institute, Bonita, Calif. (In a subsequent telephone conversation, a spokesperson at the Gerson
The distinction between coronary and myocardial reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy by clinical markers of reperfusion
Authors: Shlomi Matetzky, Dov Freimark, Pierre Chouraqui, Ilya Novikov, Oren Agranat, Babeth Rabinowitz, Elieser Kaplinsky, Hanoch Hod
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Urine Temperature and Core Temperature-Reply
Authors: Leonard Keilson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The selection of our urine temperature-measuring device was based on a number of factors. The first was ease of use by geriatric patients in a community setting. The mercury-in-glass thermometer is used widely and requires little instruction to be given to the patient. The second was comparability with the funneling device used in the British National Survey. A thorough scientific description of this apparatus was published by Fox et al.<sup>1</sup>Our project merely increased the minimum requirement of urine volume, which we assumed would result in greater specificity. Dr Ehrenkranz' criticisms illustrate the very problem we had with the British National Survey; namely, by a minor modification in the urine-collecting apparatus we were able to "eliminate" the prevalence of low (&lt;35.5 °C) temperature readings. The fact that these readings approximated rectal temperature reinforces our notion that chronic geriatric hypothermia may be a result of artifactual readings obtained
AFFECTIVE LEARNING AND THE STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP
Authors: SAMUEL R. WARSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

Psychiatry has been challenged to contribute to a solution for pressing social problems. The direction of this contribution can be made through the field of education. The medical school provides a good laboratory for the study of the learning process that leads to acceptable and constructive social values. This involves affective learning, and psychiatric understanding can contribute to the development of techniques for teaching in this area. In a teaching situation which was highly charged emotionally it was found that the use of group and individual psychotherapeutic approaches resulted in a high incidence of validated evidence of successful affective learning. It was also found that there is a close parallel between the student-teacher and the patient-physician relationship, and between the learning and the psychotherapeutic processes. It was obvious that the mechanisms of identification and transfer of attitudes, which are so important in this type of learning, are facilitated by the setting up of a therapeutic milieu. This would indicate that the teacher should have a therapeutic orientation in addition to the other qualifications mentioned by Whitehorn(5). The student-teacher relationship can be a therapeutic one and should be, when emotionally determined attitudes prejudice the learning process. The awareness of the teacher of the students' need for a special kind of relationship in such situations has an obvious application in the whole field of education. Psychiatry can do much in helping the teacher become aware of the emotional factors involved by setting up teaching programs within the educational systems that will allow the teacher to have the experience that brings about this awareness.
NICE faces legal challenge over Alzheimer's drug
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

UK NEWS UK Biobank gets 10% response rate as it starts recruiting volunteers, p659 World NEWS US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e, p65� US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e
Recent advances in jaundice. Physiology.
Authors: R P Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Recent Advances in JaundiceIn the articles below three contributors discuss recent progress in the physiology and medical and surgical aspects of jaundice.Dr. R. P. H. Thompson emphasizes the tneed for electron-microscope and biochemical studies in the screening of new drugs for hepatotoxicity.Dr. Roger Williams considers that screening for Australia antigen may have an important role in long-term haemodialysis units.Mr.
Visceral Arterial Compromise During Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Therapy
Authors: Ardawan Julian Rastan, Eugen Tillmann, Sreekumar Subramanian, Lukas Lehmkuhl, Anne Kathrin Funkat, Sergej Leontyev, Torsten Doenst, Thomas Walther, Matthias Gutberlet, Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy is a widely used method of circulatory support. Based on frequent findings of balloon malposition with visceral arterial compromise on computerized tomographic (CT) imaging studies, we conducted a systematic review of cardiac surgical IABP patients with available CT scans to determine reasons, incidence, and clinical relevance of malposition. Methods and Results— From January 2007 to March 2009, a total of 621 of 7756 cardiac surgical patients (8.0%) received perioperative IABP support, of whom 63 (10.1%) received a thoracoabdominal CT scan during IABP support. Proximal and distal balloon positions were analyzed. The anatomic distance from the left subclavian artery to celiac trunk and aortic transverse diameter were measured in all patients and compared with implanted balloon dimensions. Mean age was 67.1±11.9 years; 33.3% were female, and height was 169±9 cm. Based on radiography, proximal balloon position was correct in 96.8% but only appropriate in 38.1% based on CT. In 61 of 63 patients, compromise of at least 1 visceral artery was found: celiac trunk, 96.8%; superior mesenteric artery, 87.3%; and renal arteries, 66.7%. Left subclavian artery to celiac trunk distance was 241±23 mm, and balloon length was 248±17 mm and corresponded to an anatomic to balloon length mismatch in 68.2%. Spinal deformations were found in 42.9%. Laparotomy for mesenteric ischemia was required in 23.8%. Hospital mortality rate was 60.3%. Conclusions— IABP malposition was commonly identified by CT. Reasons included incorrect proximal balloon position as well as an anatomic-to-balloon length mismatch. Thus, shorter than recommended balloon sizes and better positioning strategies had to be considered.
Curative Treatment for High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: A. Behrens, A. May, L. Gossner, E. Günter, O. Pech, M. Vieth, M. Stolte, G. Seitz, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions in specialized intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus has increased dramatically in the industrialized world in recent years. This report evaluates the efficacy and safety of local endoscopic therapy for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in Barrett's esophagus.Over a 5-year period between October 1996 and September 2001, a total of 379 patients were referred with a suspicion of early Barrett's cancer. In a prospective study, 44 patients with HGIN in Barrett's esophagus were selected for local endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic resection was carried out in 14 patients in whom the HGIN was re-detectable, and 27 patients in whom the HGIN was not re-detectable underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Endoscopic resection and PDT were combined in three patients.Complete remission was achieved in 43 of the 44 patients (97.7 %). No major complications occurred. A mean of 1 session was needed to achieve complete local remission. During a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range 7 - 61 months), recurrent or metachronous lesions were observed in six patients (17.1 %), all of whom received a second successful endoscopic treatment.Endoscopic therapy is a safe alternative treatment regimen for HGIN in Barrett's esophagus, providing a middle way between the widely promulgated options of a "watch-and-wait" policy and radical esophagectomy.
Snap-happy parents.
Authors: A Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cortical thinning being the only radiological sign of osteomalacia.Thus true osteoporosis was responsible for the cortical thinning in only the cases of steroid therapy and Cushing's syndrome-three out of 18 cases.The other 15 were due to hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia.Cortical thinning cannot therefore be regarded as synonymous with osteoporosis.
Do Patient Preferences Influence Decisions on Treatment for Patients With Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis?
Authors: Kristen O. Arseneau, Shahnaz Sultan, Dawn T. Provenzale, Jane Onken, Stephen J. Bickston, Eugene Foley, Alfred F. Connors JR, Fabio Cominelli
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Refractory Cardiac Failure
Authors: Bernard H. Pastor
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  The reply to a question on cardiac failure refractory to mercurial diuretics and thiazide derivatives ( JAMA  178 :691 [Nov. 11] 1961) was rather unsatisfactory and uninformative.  While it is true that intractable edema is encountered occasionally, the most frequent reason for inadequate response to diuretics is failure to recognize the disturbances of electrolyte balance produced by these agents. In most cases, the administration of chlorides will restore responsiveness to either the mercurials or the thiazides. If this fails, the diuretic will often be effective in the presence of a hyperchloremic acidosis artificially induced by the administration of ammonium chloride and Diamox for several days. Potentiation of the effect of mercurial diuretics is often obtained in apparently unresponsive patients by the simultaneous administration of aminophylline intravenously. The occasional patient who does not respond to these measures may still have a satisfactory response to spironolactones. The defeatist attitude expressed
Nifedipine increases cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activity in lipid-laden rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells. A possible mechanism for its antiatherogenic effect.
Authors: O R Etingin, D P Hajjar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Calcium and cholesterol (CHOL) accumulation are characteristic features of human atherosclerotic plaques. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to increase calcium levels in myocardial cells and suppress free and esterified CHOL deposition in arteries of CHOL-fed animals. To test the hypothesis that Nifedipine alters CHOL metabolism, thereby decreasing free and esterified CHOL accumulation in smooth muscle cells (SMC), we cultured arterial SMC from rabbits fed a normal or egg-supplemented diet for 6 mo. Cultured cells were treated with 0.1 mg/liter Nifedipine every 3 d during a 1-wk experiment. Although Nifedipine significantly increased lysosomal and cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester (CE) hydrolase activity in normal SMC via increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP, no change in total CHOL content was observed after 1 wk of Nifedipine treatment. Contrary to these observations, lipid-laden SMC demonstrated a significant 50% loss in CHOL and CE after treatment with Nifedipine, due in part to the observed increase in CE hydrolytic activities. These data support our hypothesis that Nifedipine decreases CHOL and CE accumulation in arterial SMC by increasing arterial CE hydrolysis.
Abstract 2298: Methylated gene markers discovered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by differential methylation hybridization (DMH) in high density CpG island DNA chips
Authors: Wai Wai Cheng, Roger K.C. Ngan, Dora L.W. Kwong, Tim H.M. Huang, Victor W.S. Ma, Stephen C.K. Law, Loretta Tse, Pierre Busson, George S.W. Tsao, Maria L. Lung, Timothy T.C. Yip
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in southern China and south east Asian countries. A variety of tumor suppressor (TS) genes including p16, RASSF1A, EDNRB, DAP-Kinase, RIZ1, E-Cadherin were found to be hypermethylated in NPC. This, however, could only be the tip of an iceberg. We made use of the high throughput differential methylation hybridization (DMH) technique in screening for methylated DNA markers in 244K CpG island DNA chip in three NPC xenografts (C15, C17, 99-186), a NPC tumor cell line (C666) versus an immortalized NP non-cancer cell line (NP69). This DMH screening discovered 100, 213, 372 and 977 genes respectively in 99-186, C17, C15 and C666 with ≥ 5 CpG sites in their gene promotors being methylated. Among these genes, 28 of them were found to have DNA methylation in all the 4 NPC xenografts/ tumor cell line. Bisulphite sequencing was performed in 17 pairs of tumor and normal biopsy samples from 17 NPC patients. This confirmed tumor specific methylation in the promotor regions of 8 gene markers, namely, NRP3, PCDH10, PENK, ADHFE1, IRX4, GSC, PFN2 &amp; GFI1 with positive methylation ratios (+ve MR) in tumor biopsies of 86.7%, 85.7%, 80%, 72.7%, 54.5%, 50%, 41.7% &amp;23.1% respectively and +ve MR of 18.2%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 37.5%, 12.5% &amp; 0% respectively in normal biopsies. Methylation of CpG sites appears to occur either all or none with 15 to 45 consecutive CpG sites in these genes either all methylated or non-methylated in tumor biopsies probably indicating the need of methylation of a full cluster of CpG sites in order to affect the gene transcription of the discovered genes. Functions of the DMH identified genes includes cell adhesion (PCDH10), signal transduction (PENK), chloride ion binding (NPR3), regulation of DNA dependent transcription (IRX4) and xenobiotic metabolism (ADHFE1). In fact, PCDH10, PENK and GFI1 genes have been reported to be closely associated with NPC/esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarinoma and T-cell lymphoma respectively. Further analyses in these methylated markers could be useful in the diagnosis and study of etiology of NPC. Citation Format: Wai Wai Cheng, Roger K.C. Ngan, Dora L.W. Kwong, Tim H.M. Huang, Victor W.S. Ma, Stephen C.K. Law, Loretta Tse, Pierre Busson, George S.W. Tsao, Maria Li Lung, Timothy T.C. Yip. Methylated gene markers discovered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by differential methylation hybridization (DMH) in high density CpG island DNA chips. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2298. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2298