tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Development of More Effective Adjuvant Therapy of Melanoma: Current and Future Explorations of Antibodies, Cytokines, Vaccines, and Combinations
Authors: John M. Kirkwood, Stergios Moschos, Wenjun Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Adjuvant trials have evaluated the influence of multiple agents on relapse and mortality for patients with intermediate-risk (stage IIA, American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual, 6th ed.), high-risk (stage IIB-III), or very high-risk (stage IIIB-IV) operable melanoma. A 25% to 33% reduction of relative relapse risk with high-dose IFN-α2b therapy has been documented in stage groups overall, with survival prolongation in two of these trials. In contrast, no large cooperative group trial has ever shown a significant prolongation of survival for inoperable advanced stage IV melanoma. The basis for the failure of therapies in advanced disease may lie in differences in the immune function of patients with active metastatic stage IV disease. These observations argue for the exploration of promising new therapies in adjuvant settings. Past adjuvant studies have targeted stage IIB-III patients, focusing less on the more advanced but resectable stage IIIB and IV (M1a-b) disease groups. Current chemobiotherapy (S0008) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus peptide vaccination (E4697) trials have now evaluated the higher-risk disease groups where trials may soon be expected to yield results. Predictive markers that would allow us to focus treatment on those patients who are most likely to respond would accelerate our development of adjuvant therapy for melanoma. We have recently developed a neoadjuvant approach to high-dose IFN in which the molecular and immunologic effects of IFN have been correlated with clinical antitumor effects of this therapy. In addition, the Hellenic Oncology group has shown that the benefit of high-dose IFN is closely correlated with serologic and clinical manifestations of autoimmunity. These new insights will allow us to develop more efficient approaches to adjuvant therapy of melanoma, focusing on autoimmunity and antitumor immunity with new immunomodulators, such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies and vaccination.
Decreased cardiotrophin-1 levels are associated with a lower risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese children after a weight loss program
Authors: Tara Rendo-Urteaga, Sonia García-Calzón, Eduardo Martínez-Ansó, María Chueca, Mirentxu Oyarzabal, María Cristina Azcona-Sanjulián, Matilde Bustos, María Jesús Moreno-Aliaga, J. Alfredo Martínez, Amelia Marti
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Repolarizing K <sup>+</sup> Currents in Nonfailing Human Hearts
Authors: Hanna Konarzewska, George A. Peeters, Michael C. Sanguinetti
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Studies of cardiac K + channels from animal models have documented tissue-dependent and species-dependent diversity in the types and properties of K + channels responsible for the repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Recent reports of human ventricular K + currents emphasized differences in transient outward K + current (I to1 ) recorded from left ventricular (LV) subendocardial and subepicardial myocytes. These myocytes are usually isolated only from the LV free wall. The surface of the interventricular septum is continuous with the endocardium of both ventricular chambers. However, the septum contracts in unison with the left ventricle and therefore might have electric properties consonant with this function. In this study, we compare the characteristics of human cardiac K + currents (I to1 and inward rectifier K + current [I K1 ]) of myocytes isolated from either the LV subepicardium or subendocardium of the right ventricular (RV) septum. Methods and Results Subendocardial tissues were obtained during routine biopsies of the right interventricular septum of seven heart transplant recipients. Subepicardial tissues were obtained from five patients with normal LV function during open heart surgery. I K1 amplitude was the same in myocytes isolated from both regions. Delayed rectifier K + currents were small or absent in these cells. I to1 was only slightly larger in LV subepicardial versus RV septal subendocardial myocytes. For example, at +60 mV, I to1 was 7.2±0.4 pA/pF (n=33) in subepicardial cells compared with 6.0±0.5 pA/pF (n=36) in subendocardial cells. All characteristics of I to1 examined, including the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, rate of inactivation, and percent decline of peak current during repetitive pulsing, were similar in myocytes isolated from both regions. These findings are in contrast to previous studies that demonstrated that I to1 of subendocardial myocytes isolated from the LV free wall of human hearts was smaller and that recovery from inactivation of this current was much slower compared with that observed in subepicardial myocytes. Conclusions We conclude that the major repolarizing K + currents in normal human ventricular myocytes are I K1 and I to1 and that the properties of I to1 of subendocardial cells isolated from the right interventricular septum are more similar to subepicardial cells than to subendocardial cells of the LV free wall. The similar electric properties shared by myocytes from these two regions may be functionally important inasmuch as the right side of the interventricular septum functions as an extension of the subepicardium of the left ventricle during the contractile cycle.
Immunoglobulin Class and Subclass Distribution of Dextran‐Reactive Antibodies in Human Reactors and Non Reactors to Clinical Dextran
Authors: D. Kraft, H. Hedin, W. Richter, O. Scheiner, H. Rumpold, Madeleine E. Devey
Journal: Allergy (1982)

The red cell‐linked antigen‐antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) with stearoyldextran‐coated erythrocytos was used to characterize the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and IgG subclasses of dextran reactive antibodies (DR.A) in 27 dextran reactors (DR) and 96 non reactors (DNR). High titres of dextran reactive IgG were regularly found in sera of patients with severe dextran‐indticed anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions (DIAR) prior to the infusion. In four lethal cases IgG antibodies were found to be in the highest titre range of 16,384 to 32,768. In addition, high IgA and IgM titres were also found in severe DIAR. DNR had much lower titres of dextran reactive antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA classes and IgD antibody was absent in both groups. Dextran reactive IgE antibodies were not demonstrable in DR. Dextran reactive lgG 2 , IgG 3 , IgG 4 and IgG1 (indirect measurement) were demonstrated in both DR and DNR. Dextran infusion caused variable neutralization in all Ig classes and IgG subclasses, but the contribution of IgG 2 was considered most important because of its high titres and most pronounced neutralization in severe DIAR. It is concluded that DR.A mainly of the IgG class, play a critical pathogenic role in the induction of severe DIAR, which accordingly is classified as immune complex (Type III) anaphylaxis. The method of RCLAAR allows to delineate a risk group of about 2% of potential reactors.
Hugh Cairns: First Nuffield Professor of Surgery, University of Oxford
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1992)

One of the attractions of this biography of a major English neurosurgeon is an appendix, in which there are, alphabetically arranged, long and short notes on people, places, schools, techniques, etc, noted by asterisks in the text. It contains, for instance, an account of the career and philanthropies of Viscount Nuffield (born William Morris), the successful manufacturer of Morris cars— and munitions. Among the endowments he made was one establishing the Nuffield Professorship in Surgery at Oxford, whose first recipient was Hugh Cairns.  How Cairns, born on June 26, 1896, the only child of a village carpenter in South Australia, accomplished this in the early decades of the 20th century is told by Gustave Julius Fraenkel. The author studied medicine at Oxford and was ultimately chosen by Cairns to be Senior Lecturer in Surgery, to give the medical students a good background in general surgery.  Cairns finished medical school in
Human myeloma cells express the bone regulating gene Runx2/Cbfa1 and produce osteopontin that is involved in angiogenesis in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: S Colla, F Morandi, M Lazzaretti, R Rizzato, P Lunghi, S Bonomini, C Mancini, M Pedrazzoni, M Crugnola, V Rizzoli, N Giuliani
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Transport and fate of gaseous pollutants associated with the National Energy Program.
Authors: A P Altshuller, W B Johnson, J S Nader, B L Niemann, D B Turner, W E Wilson, G D'Alessio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The experimental evidence related to the long-range transport and transformations of sulfates has been critically reviewed. It has been concluded that sulfate emissions from various sources can be superimposed on each other during long-range transport to create episodes far from the contributing sources. Sulfates are important contributors to degrading visibility through the United States including relatively pristine areas in the western United States. Acid sulfate components, along with nitric acid, may increase the problem of acidity in precipitation on soils, vegetation, and lakes in certain areas of the eastern United States. Improvements in monitoring of these pollutants are required to follow changes in air quality caused by long-range transport.
A piece of my mind. A trial for my life
Authors: P. D. Klafehn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder visualized by peroral cholecystoscopy using a SpyGlass probe
Authors: N. Takahara, K. Kawakubo, H. Isayama, S. Mizuno, K. Miyabayashi, D. Mohri, H. Kogure, T. Sasaki, N. Yamamoto, Y. Nakai, N. Sasahira, K. Hirano, M. Tada, K. Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

It is difficult to distinguish malignant gallbladder diseases from benign ones preoperatively, even though appropriate imaging techniques have been developed [1]. Therefore complementary techniques which facilitate direct visual assessment and visually guided tissue sampling are desirable. We describe the first case of gallbladder cholesterolosis successfully visualized and diagnosed by peroral cholecystoscopy using a SpyGlass probe (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) in a patient with pancreatobiliary maljunction.
Molecular Determinants of the Response of Glioblastomas to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Maria Y. Wang, Igor Vivanco, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Shaojun Zhu, Ederlyn Q. Dia, Kan V. Lu, Koji Yoshimoto, Julie H.Y. Huang, Dennis J. Chute, Bridget L. Riggs, Steve Horvath, Linda M. Liau, Webster K. Cavenee, P. Nagesh Rao, Rameen Beroukhim, Timothy C. Peck, Jeffrey C. Lee, William R. Sellers, David Stokoe, Michael Prados, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Charles L. Sawyers, Paul S. Mischel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified, overexpressed, or mutated in glioblastomas, but only 10 to 20 percent of patients have a response to EGFR kinase inhibitors. The mechanism of responsiveness of glioblastomas to these inhibitors is unknown.
Modification by monoamine oxidase inhibitors of the effect of some sympathomimetics on blood pressure.
Authors: J. Elis, D. R. Laurence, H. Mattie, B. N. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A small sum plus the postage may be reclaimed by application to the Medical Research Council, 20 Park Crescent, London W.1, from whom further details of procedure may be obtained
Assessment of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in human beings with the use of a time-varying elastance model.
Authors: R G McKay, J M Aroesty, G V Heller, H D Royal, S E Warren, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The analysis of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships in human beings has been hindered by the lack of a practical method of serial volume assessment and by an imprecise definition of end-systole. Modifications of the end-systolic relationship that have been used to circumvent these problems have included the use of single-point end-systolic pressure-volume ratios, the use of peak systolic pressure/minimum ventricular volume points for end-systolic points, and the use of end-ejection as a marker for end-systole. To assess the correlation between the parameters generated by these modifications with the slope (Emax) and volume intercept (VO) of the end-systolic line as defined by Sagawa's model of time-varying elastance, simultaneous measurement of left ventricular pressure and gated radionuclide volume was made in 26 patients under various loading conditions and pressure-volume diagrams were constructed for each loading condition from 32 simultaneous pressure-volume coordinates. Two pressure-volume diagrams were recorded in 14 patients and three pressure-volume diagrams were recorded in 12 patients. Emax and VO were determined in all patients from the slope and volume intercept of the isochronic pressure-volume line with the maximum time-varying elastance as described by Sagawa's model and were designated true Emax and true VO, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Melanoma regression: is it always spontaneous?
Authors: F.H.J. Rampen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Melanoma regression: is it always spontaneous? Get access F.H.J. Rampen F.H.J. Rampen Department of Dermatology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 5, 1 November 1982, Pages 615–616, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00415.x Published: 01 November 1982
Research on Humans Published in JAMA-Reply
Authors: James L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is important to reiterate that the design of our study allowed the use of serum specimens that had initially been obtained from patients during primary resuscitative measures and that were not ultimately required for any further diagnostic or therapeutic needs. Any patient identifiers that had been attached to the specimens were removed and the specimens were then linked only by number to limited epidemiologic information obtained before specimen analysis. In this manner, the research could be conducted with absolute assurance that no patient's privacy would be violated. It is perhaps also important to reemphasize that no procedures of any kind were performed on any patient solely for purposes of this study and that at no time could any specimen be linked in any way with any individual patient. The research plan was reviewed and approved by the Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation, which is the institutional review
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Mitral Regurgitation due to Ruptured Chordae Tendineae
Authors: THOMAS SWEATMAN, ARTHUR SELZER, MASANOBU KAMAGAKI, KEITH COHN, Judith Basford
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The echocardiographic findings from six patients with ruptured chordae tendineae from the posterial mitral valve leaflet and three with ruptured chordae from the anterior leaflet are reported; in all cases the diagnosis was later proven by open-heart surgery. The constellation of echocardiographic findings suggesting ruptured chordae tendineae to the posterior leaflet are: (1) The appearance of echoes within the left atrial chamber, representing prolapse of the posterior leaflet and flail chordae tendineae. This finding, although not consistently observed, is the most pathog-nomonic echocardiographic sign. (2) Increased amplitude of systolic excursion of the left atrial wall, in most cases associated with normal or only mildly increased left atrial diameter. (3) Recognition of thin, low-intensity (noncalcified) mitral valve leaflets. (4) The anterior leaflet may also manifest increased amplitude of motion, and may not coapt normally with the posterior leaflet in systole. (5) Increased amplitude of motion of the interventricular septum with an increased estimated stroke volume and normal-to-increased ejection fraction. The findings suggestive of ruptured chordae tendineae to the anterior leaflet are: (1) A markedly increased amplitude of motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet is evident. This leaflet appears to approach or touch the left ventricular septum in systole and the left atrial wall in diastole. (2) All of the findings of ruptured chordae to the posterior leaflet are also seen here, except for the observation of the posterior leaflet within the left atrial chamber. This constellation of findings has not been seen in normal indiviuals, nor is it present in patients with mitral insufficiency proven to be due to other factors, such as papillary muscle dysfunction or rheumatic heart disease. Hence, this noninvasive technic enables one to diagnose accurately the presence of mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae.
Venereal Disease Among Homosexuals
Authors: Michael G. Ritchey
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  In a BRIEF REPORT (232:509, 1975), we published findings of an outreach program to control venereal disease among homosexuals. The subject response rate (85%) confirmed the value of an anonymous reporting method; the discovery of two primary syphilis cases gave credence to case finding by field-screening a high-risk population. My purpose here is to further document the findings of this study with results of subsequent field testing. This testing was done at regular intervals in the gay bar used in the original report.  During eight screening sessions held at two- to three-month intervals, 396 clients had blood tests for syphilis; an anonymous number system was used. The average call-back rate was 70%. Of the blood samples drawn, 17 were reactive to the VDRL test. On follow-up, four of the 17 cases were confirmed early infectious syphilis. The following is a breakdown of the test results:  New early
Reviews and Notes: Sociomedical Perspectives on Patient Care
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 June 1994Reviews and Notes: Sociomedical Perspectives on Patient CareOdin W. AndersonOdin W. AndersonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sociomedical Perspectives on Patient CareJeffrey Michael Clair and Richard M. Allman; eds.: Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky; 1993. $36.00.The physician-patient relationship has been an inherent problem throughout the history of medicine and has never been fully resolved. Currently, the relationship is made even more problematic by the proliferation of specialties, the various medical service organizations, and the rising costs driven by technology.Single and collaborative authors have written 14 separate chapters on the physician-patient relationship, with topics ranging from reconciling the agendas of physicians and patients to fear of malpractice litigation. Chapters have been written exclusively for ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 12Page: 1055KeywordsFearHealth careHistory of medicineMedical servicesPatientsTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Sphincter That Is a Sphinx
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

In an effort to control excessive gastroesophageal reflux and the esophagitis it is believed to engender, surgeons all over the world have been busy repairing hiatus hernias of the sliding (axial, concentric) type. Twenty years ago, operations designed to narrow the hiatus by manipulation of the diaphragmatic crura were immensely popular, particularly the Allison type. The success claimed in the early 1950's for procedures of this nature was fantastic: among 613 patients operated on by three surgeons, there were only 13 failures, including seven deaths and six recurrences.1 These days, the Allison procedure doesn't look so good, and mere narrowing . . .
Novel production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist peptides in normal human cornea.
Authors: M C Kennedy, J T Rosenbaum, J Brown, S R Planck, X Huang, C A Armstrong, J C Ansel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an important modulator of IL-1 activity in a variety of tissues. IL-1ra is differentially produced by different cell types as a 22-26-kD secreted peptide (sIL-1ra) and/or a smaller 16- or 18-kD intracellular peptide (icIL-1ra). This study was undertaken to evaluate the production of IL-1ra in the human cornea. IL-1ra mRNA can be detected in early passage human corneal epithelial cells and corneal stromal fibroblasts and is significantly enhanced by IL-1. Corneal endothelial cells do not express IL-1ra mRNA. Immunohistochemical studies of cultured corneal cells and whole human cornea demonstrate IL-1ra protein production by both the epithelial and stromal cells but not the endothelial cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation studies indicate that corneal epithelial cells are capable of producing both icIL-1ra and sIL-1ra forms of IL-1ra whereas the corneal stromal cells produce only icIL-1ra. In addition to the larger 18-kD icIL-1ra, both corneal epithelial and stromal cells are also capable of producing a smaller recently described 16-kD icIL-1ra. Thus, the differential production of IL-1ra in the human cornea is unique; whereas both epithelial and stromal cells produce icIL-1ra (type 1 and type 2), the epithelial cells appear to also produce sIL-1ra. It is proposed that these IL-1ra proteins may play an important role in regulating IL-1-induced corneal inflammation.