tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular Deformability during Maturation of the Myeloblast
Authors: Marshall A. Lichtman, Elizabeth Kearney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The deformability of human marrow granulocytes was measured by cell elastimetry. Myeloblasts and promyelocytes were extremely resistant to deformation when studied with a micropipette 3.5 μ in diameter. Myelocytes were more easily deformed. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes were highly deformable. These studies indicated that cellular viscosity or surface rigidity is appreciably reduced during granulocyte maturation. At 4°C, polymorphonuclear granulocytes appeared "contracted" and were resistant to deformation. When they became nonviable during extended storage at 4°C, they were totally resistant to deformation suggesting a state of rigor mortis. These observations are compatible with current hypotheses regarding the presence of intracellular contracting-relaxing and, perhaps, elongating macromolecules in motile cells. Alterations in the state of such macromolecules during granulocyte differentiation may contribute to the change in deformability, pseudopod formation, and motility that occurs with maturation, and these changes may contribute to the rate of marrow and circulatory egress of granulocytic cells.
Sleep and Dreams
Authors: ANTHONY KALES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Sleep begins with non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phases, and after 60 to 90 min, the first rapid eye movement (REM) period starts; thereafter, REM sleep occurs cyclically at about 90-min intervals. After infancy, the percentage of REM sleep remains relatively stable through life, while total sleep and stage 4 sleep decrease progressively with increasing age. Dream recall is most frequent if subjects are awakened from REM sleep but may also occur after awakening from NREM sleep. During REM sleep, neuronal and metabolic activity and antonomic functions such as heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure are at increased levels, often comparable to those of the waking state. Sleepwalking and bedwetting occur predominantly during stages 3 and 4, while seizure discharge rates are higher during these sleep stages than in REM sleep. The sleep of narcoleptics with cataplexy is characterized by REM sleep at sleep onset, while coronary artery and duodenal ulcer patients experience angina and increased gastric acid secretion, respectively, during REM sleep. Nocturnal asthmatic episodes occur out of all sleep stages proportionally to the time in each stage. (See summarized findings in Table 6.) Selective deprivation of REM or stage 4 sleep is followed by compensatory increases in the deprived stage on recovery nights. Total sleep deprivation in man produces on recovery nights an initial increase in stage 4 sleep over base-line levels, followed by increases in REM sleep. Behavioral changes are frequent after prolonged sleep deprivation, while behavioral changes associated with REM deprivation have been varied and subtle. Sleep alterations are induced by most psychotropic drugs; REM sleep is generally suppressed during drug administration and increased after drug withdrawal. Withdrawal of patients addicted to sedatives and antidepressants has produced marked rebound increases in the percentage of REM sleep. These REM sleep changes, together with the observations of nightmares and insomnia after withdrawal, may be significant in the development of dependence to these compounds.
Acute Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition Mimics Hemodynamic Effects of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Potentiates B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Effects in Failing But Not Normal Canine Heart
Authors: Paul R. Forfia, Myung Lee, Richard S. Tunin, Mobusher Mahmud, Hunter C. Champion, David A. Kass
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide predicts symptomatic status and severity of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral regurgitation
Authors: Timothy M. Sutton, Andrew J. Kerr, Ivor L. Gerber, Ralph A. Stewart, Teena West, Sally C. Greaves, Malcolm E. Legget, Tim G. Yandle, A.Mark Richards
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Relationship Between Trauma Center Volume and Outcomes
Authors: Avery B. Nathens
Journal: JAMA (2001)

gionalization of trauma care is that optimal outcomes can be achieved at greatest efficiency if care is restricted to relatively few dedicated trauma centers.Limitation of the number of trauma centers based on community need has been proposed as a critical component of regional trauma systems and, in a recent evaluation of systems across the country, one of their most frequent deficiencies. 1,2Implicit in this premise is that higher patient volumes will lead to greater experience and that this experience translates into better outcomes.4][5][6][7] In contrast, no such relationship is evident when less complex procedures like cholecystectomy or operative management of hip fractures are considered, 8 suggesting that the association between volume and outcomes is dependent on the complexity of care and the potential for adverse outcomes.Care of trauma patients poses 2 challenges not encountered in other aspects of surgical care.First, time to definitive care is a critical factor influencing patient survival.The primacy of time renders an ad hoc approach to trauma care inappropriate, potentially increasing the magnitude of the relationship between institutional experience and outcomes.Second, polytrauma patients often require complex, cross-specialty surgical care.The necessity for interdis-ciplinary surgical management lessens the impact of any particular individual and increases the importance of institutional experience.These challenges suggest that a clear association between volume and outcomes should ex-
Prognosis of patients with "chest pain ?cause".
Authors: R G Wilcox, J M Roland, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

All 662 patients admitted to the two coronary care units in Nottingham during 12 consecutive months were followed up prospectively for one year. At the time of discharge from hospital they were categorised according to set criteria into the following diagnostic groups: definite, probable, or possible myocardial infarction; ischaemia heart disease without infarction; chest pain ?cause; and other diagnoses. Eighty-nine patients (13% of admissions) were categorised as having chest pain ?cause. No deaths occurred among these patients during the observation period, although two were readmitted with myocardial infarction. Patients with chest pain ?cause had few problems during the year after admission, and at the end of that time 75% were in their original employment. Patients admitted with ischaemic heart disease had a similar death rate (between six weeks and one year after admission) to those with myocardial infarction, and only 36% were in their original employment one year after admission. Chest pain ?cause is a clinically useful diagnostic category to which patients may be allocated after only simple investigations.
Collection of Data on Patients' Race and Ethnic Group by Physician Practices
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia, Susan L. Ivey, Romana Hasnain-Wynia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The authors argue that physician practices should routinely collect data on the race and ethnic group of their patients. They caution against the use of these data to infer information about health-related values or beliefs, and they discuss the benefit of using these data at the population level to detect disparities in care and to improve the quality of care.
The Clinical Neurosciences
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1985)

That things out of Texas are big is well established; that they can also be good is exemplified by what is undoubtedly the world's largest textbook of the neurological sciences. Roger Rosenberg, Robert Grossman, Sydney Schochet, Ralph Heinz, William Willis and no less than 137 collaborators have put together in five volumes more than 3,600 pages of text dealing with the intricacies, the delights, and the puzzles of the neurosciences. This enormous amount of material has been divided into sections of neurology, neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuroradiology, and neurobiology. The authors' avowed purpose was to make available to the practitioner and student cross-referenced, interdisciplinary information on specific clinical conditions. They have attempted to present the clinical neurosciences as a cohesive, balanced, and closely associated group. They have succeeded only partially in reaching this almost utopian goal. The sheer magnitude of the task has conspired to render their labor extraordinarily difficult. The chapters,
A Pilot Study of the Effect of Gentamicin on Nasal Potential Difference Measurements in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Carrying Stop Mutations
Authors: MICHAEL WILSCHANSKI, CHAGIT FAMINI, HANNAH BLAU, JOSEPH RIVLIN, ARIEH AUGARTEN, AVRAHAM AVITAL, BATSHEVA KEREM, EITAN KEREM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene containing a premature termination signal are expected to produce little or no CFTR chloride channels. It has been shown in vitro, that aminoglycoside antibiotics can increase the frequency of erroneous insertion of nonsense codons hence permitting the translation of CFTR alleles carrying missense mutations to continue reading to the end of the gene. This led to the appearance of functional CFTR channels at the apical plasma membrane. The aim of this research was to determine if topical application of gentamicin to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) carrying stop mutations can express, in vivo, functional CFTR channels. Nine CF patients carrying stop mutations (mean age 23 ± 11 yr, range 12 to 46 yr) received gentamicin drops (0.3%, 3 mg/ml) three times daily intranasally for a total of 14 d. Nasal potential difference (PD) was measured before and after the treatment. Before gentamicin application all the patients had abnormal nasal PD typical of CF. After gentamicin treatment, significant repolarization of the nasal epithelium representing chloride transport was increased from − 1 ± 1 mV to − 10 ± 11 mV (p < 0.001). In conclusion, gentamicin may influence the underlying chloride transport abnormality in patients with CF carrying stop mutations. Wilschanski M, Famini C, Blau H, Rivlin J, Augarten A, Avital A, Kerem B, Kerem E. A pilot study of the effect of gentamicin on nasal potential difference measurements in cystic fibrosis patients carrying stop mutations.
Cytokine dermatosis: reactivation of eczema during interleukin-2 infusion
Authors: M.J. Cork, S.G. Keohane, D.J. Gawkrodger, B.W. Hancock, E. Sheridan, S.S. Bleehen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Cytokine dermatosis: reactivation of eczema during interleukin‐2 infusion Get access M.J. Cork, M.J. Cork University Section of Dermatology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.G. Keohane, S.G. Keohane University Section of Dermatology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Gawkrodger, D.J. Gawkrodger University Section of Dermatology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.W. Hancock, B.W. Hancock Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sheridan, E. Sheridan Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.S. Bleehen S.S. Bleehen University Section of Dermatology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Pages 644–645, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02174.x Published: 01 April 1997
Doctors protest over Bush's nomination for top legal post
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

More than 130 American doctors have signed an open letter to the US Senate expressing their concern over President Bush's nomination of White House counsel Alberto Gonzales to replace the outgoing John Ashcroft as US attorney general.

“Mr Gonzales has taken positions that contravene the United States' historical commitment to domestic and international law prohibiting torture,” argued the doctors, all of whom are members of the Physicians for Human Rights' Asylum Network. “There is reason to believe that these positions … have led to the torture and ill treatment of many individuals held in US custody.”

The letter urges the Senate's Judiciary Committee to “scrutinise closely” the record of Judge Gonzales during his upcoming confirmation hearings. “There should be no place in the US government for …
Inhibition of system A amino acid transport and hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy in the rat
Authors: Thomas L. Freeman, Hao Q. Ngo, Mark E. Mailliard
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

System A, the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transport activity, has a 3-fold increase in its initial uptake velocity into hepatocytes following partial hepatectomy (PH) in the rat. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of inhibition of System A-mediated amino acid transport on hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. We describe the in vivo competitive inhibition of System A activity following PH by the nonmetabolizable, System A-specific substrate, α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB). Administration of MeAIB 60 minutes before PH decreased the incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA by 45% ± 5% and 76% ± 17% at 24 and 36 hours, respectively. The readministration of MeAIB every 12 hours further decreased DNA synthesis by 92% ± 18% and 82% ± 11% at 24 and 36 hours. The recovery of liver mass of rats receiving MeAIB was decreased by 46.4% ± 5.1% at 24 hours after PH. In vitro , 5 mmol/L MeAIB inhibited proliferation of primary hepatocytes by 56% ± 4% and 61% ± 12% 48 hours after incubation with 10% fetal calf serum or epidermal growth factor (5 ng/mL), respectively. Thus, MeAIB inhibition of System A transport activity decreased both in vivo and in vitro inducement of hepatocyte proliferation. Treatment with MeAIB did not significantly change the incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine into total liver protein, but changes in serum amino acids and hepatocyte cell volume were observed, suggesting System A transport activity during hepatocyte proliferation functions primarily to provide amino acids to fuel liver-specific biochemical pathways and to increase cell volume.
An Address on DIABETES: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIETS
Authors: R. D. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1933)

In 1923 a hundred units of insulin cost twenty-five shillings, and the scanty supplies and excessive price dominated the thirapeutic possibilities.It was then customary to continue the previous low-carbohydrate low-calorie diets of the Allen period, and to add the minimum of insulin that would keep the diabetes under control.The idea that the disease might be greatly improved, or even cured, by keeping the blood sugar as continuously normal as possible also contributed to the continuation of pre-insulin diets, a hope which has not materialized.In 1927, when diabetes was discussed at the British Medical Association meeting at Edinburgh, attention was chiefly focused on the power of in2sulin to keep severe diabetics in normal health and to rescue.them from coma, and no radical changes in dietary were suggested.The openers, MacLean and Petren, were still using very low carbohydrate diets (20-30 grams), and the latter, minimal carbohydrate and protein with very high fat-200 grams or more.A few workers in this country had raised the carbohydrate to from 50 to 100 grams, but seldom higher, and fat still predominated as the calorie producer in the diabetic diet.At this time, therefore, the abundant and cheap supply of insulin, ls.6d. to 2s. per 100 units, had not greatly affected the diets uised.Since then considerable changes in diabetic diets have been introduced in the direction of higher and more normal amounts of carbohydrate, and this forms the chief subject of our discussion.Before going into this in detail it may be useful to outline the present position of diabetes and insulin in their more theoretical aspects.
Differential effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on metabolic control and vascular reactivity in the type 2 diabetic ob/ob mouse
Authors: Vikkie A. Mustad, Stephen DeMichele, Yung-Sheng Huang, Amanda Mika, Nathan Lubbers, Nathalie Berthiaume, Jim Polakowski, Brad Zinker
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
TWO UNCOMMON ESOPHAGEAL CASES
Authors: ANTHONY BASSLER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

should in general be limited to 4 or 5 c.c.; injection should immediately cease if pain in groin or rectum occurs, since such pain shows irritation of vas or vesicle, sometimes requiring mitigation by morphin.If the vas be occluded by stricture, severe pain may be caused by the injection of even 1 or 2 c.c. Regurgitation of collargol into the connective tissue around the opening in the vas follows overdistention, and causes a tender induration which gradually subsides, usually without suppuration.If there be no occlusion of the seminal duct, collargol is passed with the urine for days following the injection, and the emitted semen is black\p=m-\the latter phenomenon inspired in one patient the fear that his future children might he Ethiopians.When the weaker, non\x=req-\ irritating solutions are used at body temperature, the distended vas and vesicle may expel their contents into the urethra and bladder or even out of the meatus, so that a stream of black liquid flows from the syringe of the operator through the entire genital duct, escaping at the meatus.In these cases the opening of the ejaculatoryductinto the prostatic urethra can usually be identified through a modern urethroscope, and a filiform bougie be passed into the duct.By fastening into the vas a flanged silver tube the injection or irrigation may be repeated subsequently at the discretion of the operator.Among the features revealed by this method are: (1) a peristalsis of ampulla and vesicle into the prostatic urethra,w i t h o u t the phenomena of emission\p=m-\a function which explains certain obscure clinical phenomena; (2) the sphincteric closure of ampulla and vesicle; (3) the not infrequent occlusion of the ejaculatory duct, con- verting vas and vesicle into a retention cyst.Elabora- tion of these and other features exceeds the limits of this preliminary article, which is designed to bring this new means of studying the genital duct to the attention of the profession.
Trichloroethene levels in human blood and exhaled breath from controlled inhalation exposure.
Authors: J D Pleil, J W Fisher, A B Lindstrom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The organic constituents of exhaled human breath are representative of bloodborne concentrations through gas exchange in the blood/breath interface in the lungs. The presence of specific compounds can be an indicator of recent exposure or represent a biological response of the subject. For volatile organic compounds, sampling and analysis of breath is preferred to direct measurement from blood samples because breath collection is noninvasive, potentially infectious waste is avoided, the sample supply is essentially limitless, and the measurement of gas-phase analytes is much simpler in a gas matrix rather than in a complex biological tissue such as blood. However, to assess the distribution of a contaminant in the body requires a reasonable estimate of the blood level. We have investigated the use of noninvasive breath measurements as a surrogate for blood measurements for (high) occupational levels of trichloroethene in a controlled exposure experiment. Subjects were placed in an exposure chamber for 24 hr; they were exposed to 100 parts per million by volume trichloroethene for the initial 4 hr and to purified air for the remaining 20 hr. Matched breath and blood samples were collected periodically during the experiment. We modeled the resulting concentration data with respect to their time course and assessed the blood/breath relationship during the exposure (uptake) period and during the postexposure (elimination) period. Estimates for peak blood levels, compartmental distribution, and time constants were calculated from breath data and compared to direct blood measurements to assess the validity of the breath measurement methodology. Blood/breath partition coefficients were studied during both uptake and elimination. At equilibrium conditions at the end of the exposure, we could predict actual blood levels using breath elimination curve calculations and a literature value partition coefficient with a mean ratio of calculated:measured of 0.98 and standard error (SE) = 0.12 across all subjects. blood/breath comparisons at equilibrium resulted in calculated in vivo partition coefficients with a mean of 10.8 and SE = 0.60 across all subjects and experiments and 9.69 with SE = 0.93 for elimination-only experiments. We found that about 78% of trichloroethene entering the body during inhalation exposure is metabolized, stored, or excreted through routes other than exhalation.
H. pylori and platelet counts
Authors: Hays L. Arnold, Stephen A. Harrison
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication therapy is a useful treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Some investigators have also reported the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy on ITP. We performed a randomized study of HP eradication therapy and PPI monotherapy on ITP. Four of nine patients achieved complete remission (CR), two of nine achieved partial remission (PR) in HP eradication therapy, three of eight achieved CR, and two of eight achieved PR in PPI monotherapy. No significant differences were observed in the CR + PR of these patients between HP eradication therapy and PPI monotherapy. As for cost comparisons, HP eradication therapy is cheaper than PPI monotherapy, but it is less effective.
Arterial oxygen tension and saturation in hospital patients: effect of age and activity.
Authors: H. Blom, M. Mulder, W. Verweij
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Pour definir l'hypoxemie il faut se baser sur les valeurs normales selon l'âge et l'activite du sujet. Chez les sujets âges, la mesure de la saturation d'oxygene est utile pour distinguer un etat pathologique (d'apres les etudes sur 108 malades entre 20 et 90 ans, hospitalises pour chirurgie elective)