tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The critical role of iron in host-bacterial interactions.
Authors: S M Payne, R A Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The ability of potential pathogens to acquire iron in a host is an important determinant of both their virulence and the nature of the infection produced. Virulent gram-negative bacteria are capable of acquiring sufficient iron from the host because their virulence (for chick embryos) is unaffected by exogenous iron. Avirulent mutants which are apparently limited in their ability to acquire iron could be isolated from the virulent strains. The lethality of these mutants was significantly enhanced by exogenous iron. Reduction of the relatively high serum iron saturation of chick embryos (to levels more closely approximating those in man) by pretreatment with iron-binding proteins or endotoxin inhibits the lethality of some virulent bacteria. Those bacteria whose virulence was reduced include the Shigella, Vibrio cholerae and strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, all of which are nondisseminating pathogens in the normal human host. Pathogens which produce septicemic and disseminating infections such as Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Escherichia coli possessing K-1 antigen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium and disseminating strains of N. gonorrhoeae were, in general, unaffected by reduced serum iron saturation. These disseminating bacteria appeared to produce greater quantities of compounds (siderophores) which stimulated microbial growth in low-iron media than did the nondisseminating pathogens. Thus, the gram-negative bacteria tested can be divided into four major classes according to their responses to modifications in iron levels in the chick embryo model and these results correlate with the nature of the infections which they typically produce in man.
Medical reports for courts
Authors: A. Joseph
Journal: BMJ (1992)

necessary."The decision in the House of Lords in one case states "In considering lawfulness of medical and surgical treatment given to a patient who for any reason, temporary or permanent, lacks the capacity to give or to communicate consent to treatment, it was stated to be axiomatic that treatment which is necessary to preserve life, health or well being of the patient may lawfully be given without consent."In emergency treatment, where decisions need to be taken quickly, the legal position may be far from clear cut and medical staff may be open to prosecution for assault under common law.Most medical staff have little or no appreciation of the lack of clarity in the legal position governing the treatment of patients against their wishes in emergencies.The case concerning the Jehovah's Witness raised "for the first time in English courts the question of whether an adult has the constitutional right to die."2The patient described here made a complete recovery.Several weeks later he came to the outpatients department without an appointment to thank us profusely for having saved his life.The laws governing the treatment of drug overdose should be clarified to protect doctors who other- wise may face legal proceedings for acting in good faith and with compassion.
Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus–Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Authors: Franco Dammacco, Domenico Sansonno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Cryoglobulins are present in about a quarter of patients with hepatitis C; in some, cryoglobulinemia can become symptomatic or even life-threatening. This review summarizes evolving therapy for the disorder, including new therapeutic options that are becoming available.
Statistical Properties of New Neutrality Tests Against Population Growth
Authors: Sebastian E. Ramos-Onsins, Julio Rozas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A number of statistical tests for detecting population growth are described. We compared the statistical power of these tests with that of others available in the literature. The tests evaluated fall into three categories: those tests based on the distribution of the mutation frequencies, on the haplotype distribution, and on the mismatch distribution. We found that, for an extensive variety of cases, the most powerful tests for detecting population growth are Fu's FS test and the newly developed R2 test. The behavior of the R2 test is superior for small sample sizes, whereas FS is better for large sample sizes. We also show that some popular statistics based on the mismatch distribution are very conservative.
Dysentery Caused by Balantidium Coli - Report of Two Cases
Authors: J. Castro, J.L. Vazquez-Iglesias, F. Arnal-Monreal
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The authors present two cases of dysentery caused by Balantidium coli with numerous colonic ulcers, documented by colonoscopy and diagnosed by endoscopic biopsies. The positive rectal exudate in one case permitted the isolation and ultrastructural study of the trophozoites. The good response to tetracyclines in the younger patient was not repeated in the older patient, who died in septic shock despite antibiotic therapy. The authors report the endoscopic findings and comment on the differential endoscopic diagnosis between parasitic and other organic colitis in view of the rarity of these examples as isolated cases in Western countries.
Long term treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica with deflazacort.
Authors: M A Cimmino, G Moggiana, C Montecucco, R Caporali, S Accardo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To evaluate the long term efficacy and tolerability of deflazacort, a corticosteroid reputed to have only minor side effects, in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).In a prospective open study, deflazacort was administered at an average initial dose of 21.8 mg/day for a mean period of 19 months in 40 patients with PMR.A highly significant improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters occurred one month after therapy onset. This improvement persisted for the whole study period. Laboratory parameters of tolerability did not change during the study. Mild to moderate steroid-related side effects occurred in 57.9% of the patients.Deflazacort is effective in the treatment of PMR. Its long term safety profile may be superior to that of other corticosteroids.
Neurofibrosarcoma at Irradiation Site in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis and Wilms' Tumor
Authors: J.-Y. Chu, D. M. O'Connor, R. K. Danis
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

A female patient with neurofibromatosis had nephrectomy performed because of Wilms' tumor at the age offour and a half.She received radiation therapy and chemo therapy (actinomycin D) after surgery.She had subsequent local recurrence and lung metastasis, which were surgically ex cised and successfully treated with addi tional radiation therapy and chemotherapy (vincristine and actinomycin D).However, neurofibrosarcoma at the irradiation site developed seven years after radiation ther apy.She died 22 months later because of recurrence and metastasis of neurofibro sarcoma.Radiation therapy's association with malignant transformation of neuro fibroma is discussed.
Sustained bronchoprotection, bronchodilatation, and symptom control during regular formoterol use in asthma of moderate or greater severity
Authors: J.Mark FitzGerald, Kenneth R. Chapman, Giovanni Della Cioppa, David Stubbing, Mary Sue Fairbarn, M.Denise Till, Reto Brambilla
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Telomere Fluorescence Measurements in Granulocytes and T Lymphocyte Subsets Point to a High Turnover of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Memory T Cells in Early Childhood
Authors: Nathalie Rufer, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Steen Kolvraa, Claus Bischoff, Kaare Christensen, Louis Wadsworth, Michael Schulzer, Peter M. Lansdorp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

To study telomere length dynamics in hematopoietic cells with age, we analyzed the average length of telomere repeat sequences in diverse populations of nucleated blood cells. More than 500 individuals ranging in age from 0 to 90 yr, including 36 pairs of monozygous and dizygotic twins, were analyzed using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Granulocytes and naive T cells showed a parallel biphasic decline in telomere length with age that most likely reflected accumulated cell divisions in the common precursors of both cell types: hematopoietic stem cells. Telomere loss was very rapid in the first year, and continued for more than eight decades at a 30-fold lower rate. Memory T cells also showed an initial rapid decline in telomere length with age. However, in contrast to naive T cells, this decline continued for several years, and in older individuals lymphocytes typically had shorter telomeres than did granulocytes. Our findings point to a dramatic decline in stem cell turnover in early childhood and support the notion that cell divisions in hematopoietic stem cells and T cells result in loss of telomeric DNA.
Religion and morality: An anthropological comment
Authors: Maurice Bloch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

This commentary criticises Bering on two counts. First, because we do not know what he attributes to natural selection and what he sees as derived representations. Second, Bering's ethnography of religion is inadequate. People who practise ancestor worship are not concerned with their own survival but with that of others. Many supernatural beings are not thought of as morally motivated.
Conditioning of Runners for Championship Competition
Authors: Fred Wilt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The major qualities that runners seek to develop by training are speed and aerobic and anaerobic endurance. Training in the form of sprint, long-slow, long-fast, interval, repetition, and speed-play running contributes primarily to the development of one or the other of these three qualities, depending upon the pace involved. The total oxygen requirement for various racing distances is known. By examining the extent to which this requirement is met aerobically and anaerobically, it is possible to establish theoretically the percentage of training emphasis which should be devoted to aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, and speed when preparing to race at various distances. An examination of the training of selected champion runners shows they do not always follow what may be theoretically optimum training emphasis when preparing for championship competition.
UK experience of smoke-free young offenders institute
Authors: Ruth R Kipping, June Martin, Lee Barnes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choiceEditor-In accordance with the patient choice scheme, all 303 primary care trusts in England were obliged from January 2005 to offer patients a choice of at least two providers for cataract surgery. 1 The scheme allows patients to be involved in how, where, and when they are treated.Providers can be NHS trusts, diagnostic and treatment centres, or independent sector providers from the UK or overseas.By February 2005 13 000 extra operations had already been performed under the independent sector treatment programme. 2However, concern was raised about variations in clinical safety between different providers. 3 We sent a postal questionnaire to the leaders of patient choice for each of the primary care trusts in England asking how they monitor the quality of care from their providers.The table shows the replies from 125 trusts.The quality monitoring of providers by primary care trusts is poorly structured and variable.Who then should monitor standards and what variables should they use?Traditionally, NHS providers have used audit and clinical governance to measure their performance.Should it now be the role of the Strategic Health Authority, the provider, or the purchaser in the form of primary care trusts to monitor the product offered to the patient?Information technology exists to collect accurate data about adverse events in addition to visual acuity and refractive outcomes.The public expect that safe cataract care should be commissioned for them, 4 and robust methods of monitoring need to be agreed and implemented so that patients can make a truly informed choice.These decisions need to be made not only for cataract surgery but also for other elective procedures that will increasingly be made available to patients through the patient choice scheme.
Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Individuals With Low Ankle Brachial Index—Reply
Authors: Jeffrey S. Berger
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RENAL ATHROCYTOSIS AND INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION OF INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED HEMOGLOBIN IN RATS
Authors: L. J. Rather
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The athrocytosis of hemoglobin by the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney of the rat was studied after its intraperitoneal injection, absorption into the blood stream, and glomerular filtration. The earliest appearance of the athrocytosed particles, their accumulation, intracellular breakdown, and disappearance were followed. In addition observations were made on the intraluminal disposition of hemoglobin "casts" with the Spalteholz clearing technique; on the structural changes in the kidney in consequence of the injections; and on the development of a transient oliguria during the course of the experiment. The significance of the findings is considered.
Blood pressure control by the renin-angiotensin system in normotensive subjects. Assessment by angiotensin converting enzyme and renin inhibition.
Authors: W Kiowski, L Linder, C Kleinbloesem, P van Brummelen, F R Bühler
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The participation of the renin-angiotensin system in the control of blood pressure in normal, sodium-replete subjects is not clear. The use of a specific inhibitor of human renin should allow a better delineation of the importance of this system. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood pressure responses were measured 1 hour after randomized, double-blind administration of the renin inhibitor Ro 42-5892 (600 mg p.o.) or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (50 mg p.o.) in 20 healthy men on an ad libitum sodium diet. Effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by either compound was indicated by increases of immunoreactive renin associated with an increase of angiotensin I production rate of 67.8 +/- 33.6% after captopril and a decrease of 79.5 +/- 16.4% after Ro 42-5892. Furthermore, Ro 42-5892 decreased plasma renin activity by 64%. Whereas intra-arterial diastolic (60 +/- 5.1 to 51.4 +/- 7.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and mean arterial (77.7 +/- 6.0 to 71.4 +/- 8.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) pressures decreased after captopril, they remained unchanged after Ro 42-5892. Captopril, but not Ro 42-5892, increased forearm blood flow (2.4 +/- 0.8 versus 1.9 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 ml, p less than 0.01) and significantly enhanced the increase of forearm blood flow to brachial artery infusions of bradykinin (0.15, 1.5, 5, 15, and 50 ng/min/100 ml; 5 minutes each) from 744 +/- 632% to 1,383 +/- 514% (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, repeat bradykinin infusions resulted in further decreases of blood pressure (from mean pressure of 71.4 +/- 8.5 to 63.2 +/- 7.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) only after captopril. Changes of blood pressure after captopril were unrelated to baseline plasma renin activity but correlated with captopril-induced enhancement of vasodilation to bradykinin (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The lack of blood pressure effects of renin inhibition in contrast to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition suggests that the renin-angiotensin system does not contribute significantly to blood pressure control in normotensive, sodium-replete subjects. The hypotensive activity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may result from additional hormonal effects, for example, inhibition of bradykinin degradation and/or subsequent increases of vasodilating prostaglandins or endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s).
Randomised controlled trial for evaluation of fitness programme for patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: H Frost, J A K. Moffett, J S Moser, J C T Fairbank
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate a progressive fitness programme for patients with chronic low back pain. <b>Design</b>: Single blind randomised controlled trial. Assessments were carried out before and after treatment by an observer blinded to the study and included a battery of validated measures. All patients were followed up by postal questionnaire six months after treatment. <b>Setting</b>: Physiotherapy department of orthopaedic hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 81 patients with chronic low back pain referred from orthopaedic consultants for physiotherapy. The patients were randomly allocated to a fitness programme or control group. <b>Intervention</b>: Both groups were taught specific exercises to carry out at home and referred to a back-school for education in back care. Patients allocated to the fitness class attended eight exercise classes over four weeks in addition to the home programme and backschool. <b>Results</b>: Significant differences between the groups were shown in the changes before and after treatment in scores on the Oswestry low back pain disability index (P&lt;0.005), pain reports (sensory P&lt;0.005 and affective P&lt;0.005), self efficacy reports (P&lt;0.005), and walking distance (P&lt;0.005). No significant differences between the groups were found by the general health questionnaire or questionnaire on pain locus of control. A benefit of about 6 percentage points on the disability index was maintained by patients in the fitness group at six months. <b>Conclusion</b>: There is a role for supervised fitness programmes in the management of moderately disabled patients with chronic low back pain. Further clinical trials, however, need to be established in other centres to confirm these findings. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Recent research suggests a need for a more dynamic approach with a move away from long term rest towards progressive activity and exercise This study shows that a supervised fitness programme can help to reduce pain and disability and improve patients9 confidence Beneficial effects of treatment were maintained six months after treat- ment when compared with a control group who were advised to exercise independently Simply advising patients with low back pain to exercise is not effective in reducing disability and pain
Thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: K L Goh, F Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Of 319 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), nine had thyrotoxicosis, three had hypothyroidism, and two had thyroiditis. This prevalence seems greater than that of similar thyroid disorders seen in the general population. It is suggested that patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders may develop SLE or vice versa. This association requires confirmation by prospective study.
Insight into the Cellular Internalization and Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Congyu Wu, Chong Wang, Ting Han, Xuejiao Zhou, Shouwu Guo, Jingyan Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to their unique morphology, ultra‐small lateral sizes, and exceptional properties, hold great promise for many applications, especially in the biomedical field. In this work, the cellular internalization, distribution, and cytotoxicity of the GQDs are explored complementarily using transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, UV‐vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and flow cytometry with human gastric cancer MGC‐803 and breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. It is demonstrated that the GQDs are internalized primarily through caveolae‐mediated endocytosis. The effects of GQDs on the cell viability, internal cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membranes potential, and cell cycles show that the cytotoxicity of GQDs is lower than that of the micrometer‐sized graphene oxide (GO). The low cytotoxicity and size consistence render GQDs appropriate for biomedical application.
ABC of 1 to 7: Growth failure.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

ABCof to 7H BVAIN RE1Parents may be worried because they consider their child to be too short, ~~or too thin, or both.The infant's height is usually not noticed until he starts walking and is compared with his contemporaries.This coincides 50 with the period of negativism and a normal reduction in appetite and food 10 intake.Most children whose parents seek advice have familial short stature but the rest have a wide variety of problems, some of which can be improved after an accurate diagnosis has been made.This article is concerned mainly with growth after the age of year but some aspects of ____earlier growth have been included to put the topic into perspective.Growth is a dynamic process and more than one accurate measurement ____is needed to assess it.Infants under 1 year are weighed naked, but over 90 1 year children wear vest and pants only.Weight can be measured accurately with minimal skill and cheap equipment.This allows any deviations from normal to be detected within a few weeks during the time of rapid growth-that is, during the first few months of life.Another index is needed for comparison, and until the age of 2 years the head circumference is reliable.After the age of 1 year standing height can be measured, but a precision stadiometer and attention to detail is needed to provide reproducible results.The head must be held with the external auditory meatus and the outer angle of the eye in the same horizontal plane 5 and gentle upward traction applied to the mastoid processes.Two measurements six months apart must be made before the rate of growth can be confidently assessed.
Giant solitary trichoepitheliomas located in the perianal area: a report of three cases
Authors: F.M. TATNALL, E.WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Giant solitary trichoepitheliomas located in the perianal area: a report of three cases Get access F.M. TATNALL, F.M. TATNALL Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 Dr F.M.Tatnall, Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.WILSON JONES E.WILSON JONES Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 1, 1 July 1986, Pages 91–99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06225.x Published: 01 July 1986 Article history Accepted: 09 December 1985 Published: 01 July 1986