tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: Pure Madness: How Fear Drives the Mental Health System
Authors: N. Lester
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Jeremy Laurance Routledge, £9.99, pp 224 ISBN 0 415 36980 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img> In a world in which every other media personality speaks like a psychologist, you could be forgiven for believing that the science of the mind can not only explain behaviour, but also predict it, control it, and change it. What a surprise, then, to find that the professionals are running scared. There are a few psychological terms that you might not have picked up from the talking heads on reality TV. These include projection (when something goes wrong we look for someone else to blame); rationalisation (when things are not right we come up with a new system); intellectualisation (we think we can … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Chemokine-Induced Zap70 Kinase-Mediated Dissociation of the Vav1-Talin Complex Activates α4β1 Integrin for T Cell Adhesion
Authors: David García-Bernal, Marisa Parmo-Cabañas, Ana Dios-Esponera, Rafael Samaniego, Dolores Hernán-P de la Ossa, Joaquin Teixidó
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Juniors win victory over new grade proposals Consultants oppose hierarchical structure Associate specialists will be eligible for discretionary points NHS regional offices will hold lists of consultant assessors BMA warns doctors about computer security Doctors in hard pressed posts will be compensated Private hospital lost pounds sterling8.5m of public funds Survey shows changes in smoking and drinking
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# Juniors win victory over new grade proposals {#article-title-2}

Junior doctors' negotiators have successfully persuaded the Department of Health to amend its proposals for the terms and conditions of service for the specialist registrar grade. Protraced negotiations were completed only the day before last month's meeting of the Junior Doctors Committee, which overwhelmingly approved the revised proposals.

The new grade was proposed in the Calman report on specialist medical training, which called for a unified training grade as one way of shortening junior doctors' training. The grade was launched in diagnostic radiology and general surgery on 1 December 1995 with doctors retaining current terms of service. The department had originally proposed an all inclusive contract with no provision for out of hours pay; a national model contract with room for local flexibility; a uniform salary, paying all specialist registrars for an assumed 56 hours of actual work, regardless of whether the time figure for an individual doctor was higher or lower; and annual pay increments available only to those whose progress in the training grades was assessed as satisfactory. The JDC rejected these proposals at its October meeting (7 October 1995, p 954).

At its December meeting the JDC congratulated Dr Peter Bennie, a psychiatric senior registrar in Glasgow who heads the negotiating team, and his colleagues for the outcome of the negotiations (see box). Dr Bennie in turn thanked the BMA, particularly the chairman of council and the chairman of the consultants' committee, for their support.

Dr Bennie explained that doctors in the new grade will start on five weeks' annual leave and will qualify for six weeks two or three years earlier than at present. The department had agreed a six months' period of grace after the award of the certificate of completion of specialist training in order to allow doctors to apply for consultant posts. The …
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERSISTENCE OF CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS IN THE BLOOD OF MICE AFTER CLINICAL RECOVERY
Authors: Erich Traub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Mice infected in utero continued to carry choriomeningitis virus in the blood more regularly and in greater amount than suckling mice infected by contact. This result may be due to the difference in tissue maturity at the time of infection: the more immature the tissues are when infected, the longer the virus appears to persist in them after maturation. A similar result was obtained with mice of different ages infected either by contact or by intranasal instillation of virus, in that the carrier state lasted longer in the younger animals. This cannot be attributed entirely to the difference in age, however, since young mice as a rule showed more severe symptoms than mature animals. It is possible, therefore, that the difference in the severity of the disease accounted in part for that in the duration of the infection. In mature mice infected experimentally as well as in some of the suckling mice infected by contact the severity of the disease was the determining factor, the infection persisting longest in those animals that showed the most severe reaction. The character of the virus used also appeared to influence the persistence of the virus in the blood. A strain of virus isolated in 1935 from an infected stock mouse and modified by intracerebral passage in mice (5) disappeared from the circulation more rapidly than the stock strain maintained by natural passage in the infected mouse stock. The guinea pig passage strain, however, which was obtained from the same mouse as the mouse passage virus but passed through guinea pigs by pad inoculation, persisted in the blood more frequently than the stock strain. Carrier mice without exception had a high degree of immunity to intracerebral injection with virus, while other animals once infected but no longer carrying detectable amounts of virus in the blood often showed an incomplete immunity that manifested itself in an accelerated, non-fatal reaction, presumably of an allergic nature. This observation does not prove, however, that the immunity always is an "infection immunity," since a high degree of resistance not associated with detectable amounts of virus in the blood and brain was produced by repeated injections with the mouse passage strain. Since the blood and the tissues of old carriers often contain large amounts of virus, it is very unlikely that their immunity is due to protective antibodies circulating in the blood or fixed in the tissue spaces. It rather appears that the susceptible cells of such animals are infected and that cells occupied by actively multiplying virus cannot be reinfected. The mechanism of this infection immunity as well as the immunity apparently not associated with infection requires further study.
Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies
Authors: R. Peto
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective and design:</b> To relate UK national trends since 1950 in smoking, in smoking cessation, and in lung cancer to the contrasting results from two large case-control studies centred around 1950 and 1990. <b>Setting:</b> United Kingdom. <b>Participants:</b> Hospital patients under 75 years of age with and without lung cancer in 1950 and 1990, plus, in 1990, a matched sample of the local population: 1465 case-control pairs in the 1950 study, and 982 cases plus 3185 controls in the 1990 study. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Smoking prevalence and lung cancer. <b>Results:</b> For men in early middle age in the United Kingdom the prevalence of smoking halved between 1950 and 1990 but the death rate from lung cancer at ages 35–54 fell even more rapidly, indicating some reduction in the risk among continuing smokers. In contrast, women and older men who were still current smokers in 1990 were more likely than those in 1950 to have been persistent cigarette smokers throughout adult life and so had higher lung cancer rates than current smokers in 1950. The cumulative risk of death from lung cancer by age 75 (in the absence of other causes of death) rose from 6% at 1950 rates to 16% at 1990 rates in male cigarette smokers, and from 1% to 10% in female cigarette smokers. Among both men and women in 1990, however, the former smokers had only a fraction of the lung cancer rate of continuing smokers, and this fraction fell steeply with time since stopping. By 1990 cessation had almost halved the number of lung cancers that would have been expected if the former smokers had continued. For men who stopped at ages 60, 50, 40, and 30 the cumulative risks of lung cancer by age 75 were 10%, 6%, 3%, and 2%. <b>Conclusions:</b> People who stop smoking, even well into middle age, avoid most of their subsequent risk of lung cancer, and stopping before middle age avoids more than 90% of the risk attributable to tobacco. Mortality in the near future and throughout the first half of the 21st century could be substantially reduced by current smokers giving up the habit. In contrast, the extent to which young people henceforth become persistent smokers will affect mortality rates chiefly in the middle or second half of the 21st century.
Genetic Risk Assessment and <i>BRCA</i> Mutation Testing
Authors: Ned Calonge, Diana B. Petitti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters7 March 2006Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation TestingNed Calonge, MD, MPH and Diana B. Petitti, MD, MPHNed Calonge, MD, MPHFrom the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Denver, CO 80246, and Pasadena, CA 91888.Search for more papers by this author and Diana B. Petitti, MD, MPHFrom the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Denver, CO 80246, and Pasadena, CA 91888.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Eisinger's and Dr. Horsman's concerns about the USPSTF recommendation for BRCA screening. First, they take issue with the Task Force's use of the term “increased risk” as a criterion for offering testing. This may have more to do with semantics than substance. Clinical criteria that suggest a woman is “at risk” for breast or ovarian cancer as defined by Drs. Eisinger and Horsman might mean she is “at increased risk” according to USPSTF nomenclature. The Task Force recommends that any woman “at increased risk” be referred for genetic risk assessment and possible testing. On the ...Reference1. Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Lohr KN, Mulrow CD, Teutsch SM, et al. Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20:21-35. [PMID: 11306229] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ned Calonge, MD, MPH; Diana B. Petitti, MD, MPHAffiliations: From the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Denver, CO 80246, and Pasadena, CA 91888.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGenetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Heidi D. Nelson , Laurie Hoyt Huffman , Rongwei Fu , and Emily L. Harris Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing Francois Eisinger and Douglas E. Horsman Metrics 7 March 2006Volume 144, Issue 5Page: 376-377KeywordsBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningConflicts of interestGenetic testingOvarian cancerResearch quality assessmentScientists ePublished: 7 March 2006 Issue Published: 7 March 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FDG PET/CT in Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Retroperitoneum
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang, Jianping Lu, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a very aggressive neoplasm that predominantly affects children and adolescents with a poor prognosis. A 35-year-old woman presented with right upper abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Abdominal enhanced CT showed a large cystic-solid tumor in the left retroperitoneum, with progressive enhanced papillary projections of the wall. FDG PET/CT showed strong FDG uptake of the cystic wall with SUVmax of 17.2. The patient underwent completed resection of the tumor. pPNET was confirmed by pathology. The high FDG uptake of the tumor may be related to its high proliferative index revealed by Ki-67.
Tacrolimus in monotherapy in liver transplant. Comparison with a dual regimen of tacrolimus with steroids
Authors: I. Bilbao, L. Pou, J.L. Lazaro, L. Castells, R. Charco, E. Murio, E. Hidalgo, J.F. Sanchez-Avila, C. Margarit
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
N0539 Phase II Trial of Fulvstrant and Bevacizumab in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated with an Aromatase Inhibitor: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial.
Authors: W. Tan, A. Dueck, P. Flynn, P. Steen, D. Anderson, K. Rowland, D. Nothfeldt, W. Lingle, J. Copland, E. Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Treatment of aromatase refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is difficult and challenging. Estrogen receptor (ER) resistance causes enhanced expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Several studies have shown that the ER interacts with the VEGF pathway and is an important mechanism of resistance. Therefore we embarked on a phase II study of fulvestrant, a complete ER suppressor and bevacizumab, a well studied VEGF monoclonal antibody in aromatase refractory MBC patients. Methods: A single stage phase II study with an interim analysis of fulvestrant and bevacizumab was conducted with these objectives: 6 month progression-free survival rate (PFS), tumor response, toxicity, and overall survival. Regimen: fulvestrant 250 mg day1 and 15 (cycle 1) then day 1 (cycle 2 and beyond) and bevacizumab 10mg/kg days 1 and 15 of each 4 weeks is a cycle. Results: At the time of interim analysis, 11/20 evaluable patients achieved 3-month progression-free survival status while remaining on treatment for at least 3 months, not meeting the protocol specified efficacy requirements and thus halting accrual. 36 patients were enrolled from September 2007-December 2008; 33 patients were evaluable. Number of prior metastatic chemotherapy regimens: 0 in 26 patients and 1 in 7 patients. 22 (67%) patients received prior hormonal therapy in the metastatic setting. 18 (55%) had measurable disease. A median of 6 cycles (range 1-19) were administered. 12/33 evaluable patients (95% CI:20-55%) achieved 6-month progression-free survival status while remaining on treatment for a least 6 months. Among 18 patients with measurable disease, 2 (11%) patients CI:1.4-35%) had a confirmed tumor reponse (both PR). Additionally, 2 patients had stable disease for greater than 6 months, for a clinical benefit rate of 22%. Median follow up was 8.5 months (range 1.7-17.5 months). Median progression-free survival was 6.2 months (95% CI:5.4-10.1 months). The 6 -month overall survival rate was 84.8% (95% CI 73.5-98%). The median dose level administered was 250 mg for fulvestrant and 10 mg/kg for bevacizumab for cycles 1-19. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were hypertension 2 (6%), headache pain 2 (6%), and confusion 2 (6%). There was 1 grade 5 central nervous system hemorrhage. 13 (39%) patients experienced a grade 3 non-hematologic AE and 4 (12%) experience a grade 4+ non-hematologic AE. Conclusion: Fulvestrant/bevacizumab is safe and tolerable. Although this regimen did not meet its statistical endpoint, 22% of evaluable patients with aromatase refractory diesease achieved clinical benefit with minimal toxicity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4096.
The Crucial Principles in Care of the Knee
Authors: Joseph A. Bosco
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ANAESTHETICS FROM THE PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS
Authors: F. J. Morrin
Journal: BMJ (1933)

TnEBRTIuuAI*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M D anaemia increased considerably with an exacerbation of diarrhoea.She was then given hog's desiccated gastric mucosa, and after one month's treatment the anaemia improved and the megalocytosis began to disappear.The administration of gastric mucosa was then stopped, but the condition of the blood still continued to improve, until five weeks laterthe anaemia had become of the hypochromic variety, and very few megalocytes were present.These cases raise some points of interest.It is clear that in them either there was a deficiency in the intrinsic factor or the administration of the gastric mucosa co- incided with an improvement in the absorptive power of the intestine, which ensured adequate absorption of the " haematinic principle."Evidence of the latter alternative is provided in the seconid case, because im- provement continued after the administration of gastric mucosa ceased, although it is very unlikely that there were never periods in which the absorption improved during the nine months' administration of marmite.Evidence in favour of the former alternative is the fact that Castle and Rhoades state that in some cases of sprue there is a lack of intrinsic factor.Two other points may be stressed: first, that the administration of marmite does not necessarily cure the hyperchromic anaemia; secondly, that the anaemia of coeliac disease may be a combined hyper-and hvpo-chromic type-that is, may be due to deficiency in tho " haematinic principle" and also in iron.Finally, it will be noted that the first case was given a 65 per cent.alcoholic extract of marmite in which both vitamin B and B, are soluble, and further that Lucy Wills has shown that in marmite the " haemopoietic factor, whatever its nature may be, is water- and alcohol-soluble and heat-stable."It cannot there- fore be argued that this alcoholic extract was not-potent.2. BOTHRIOCEPHALUS ANAEMIA This form of macrocytic anaemia is even more rare than the preceding, as only three cases have been described in children under the age of 10 years.18The anaemia is due either to the diminished absorption of *the " haematinic principle " as the result of the action of the worm in the intestinal mucosa or to the actual destruction by the worm of the principle itself.
Natural Killer Cells: The Secret Weapon in Dendritic Cell Vaccination Strategies
Authors: Catharina H.M.J. Van Elssen, Tammy Oth, Wilfred T.V. Germeraad, Gerard M.J. Bos, Joris Vanderlocht
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In cancer therapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is still being explored. Clinical responses, however, are diverse and there is a lack of immunologic readout systems that correspond with clinical outcome. Only in the minority of patients, T-cell responses correlate with clinical outcome, indicating that other immune cells also gain anticancer activity. We still have limited knowledge of the effect of DC vaccination on different immune effector cells. However, it has been shown that bidirectional cross-talk between natural killer (NK) cells and DCs is responsible for enhanced activation of both cell types and increases their antitumor activity. In this review, we postulate the possibility that NK cells are the secret weapons in DC vaccination and studying their behavior together with T-cell activation in vaccinated individuals might predict clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1095–103. ©2014 AACR.
Scientific Evidence Underlying the ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Pierluigi Tricoci, Joseph M. Allen, Judith M. Kramer, Robert M. Califf, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The joint cardiovascular practice guidelines of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have become important documents for guiding cardiology practice and establishing benchmarks for quality of care.To describe the evolution of recommendations in ACC/AHA cardiovascular guidelines and the distribution of recommendations across classes of recommendations and levels of evidence.Data from all ACC/AHA practice guidelines issued from 1984 to September 2008 were abstracted by personnel in the ACC Science and Quality Division. Fifty-three guidelines on 22 topics, including a total of 7196 recommendations, were abstracted.The number of recommendations and the distribution of classes of recommendation (I, II, and III) and levels of evidence (A, B, and C) were determined. The subset of guidelines that were current as of September 2008 was evaluated to describe changes in recommendations between the first and current versions as well as patterns in levels of evidence used in the current versions.Among guidelines with at least 1 revision or update by September 2008, the number of recommendations increased from 1330 to 1973 (+48%) from the first to the current version, with the largest increase observed in use of class II recommendations. Considering the 16 current guidelines reporting levels of evidence, only 314 recommendations of 2711 total are classified as level of evidence A (median, 11%), whereas 1246 (median, 48%) are level of evidence C. Level of evidence significantly varies across categories of guidelines (disease, intervention, or diagnostic) and across individual guidelines. Recommendations with level of evidence A are mostly concentrated in class I, but only 245 of 1305 class I recommendations have level of evidence A (median, 19%).Recommendations issued in current ACC/AHA clinical practice guidelines are largely developed from lower levels of evidence or expert opinion. The proportion of recommendations for which there is no conclusive evidence is also growing. These findings highlight the need to improve the process of writing guidelines and to expand the evidence base from which clinical practice guidelines are derived.