tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long term follow up of spinal trabecular bone mineral density in women with non-steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A.M. Cooper, M.M. O'Sullivan, D Clements, J.E. Compston, W.D. Evans, C Evans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Long term follow up of spinal trabecular bone mineral density in women with non-steroid treated rheumatoid arthritisOur earlier cross-sectional study' showed a significant reduction in spinal trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in non-steroid treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with controls.We report the results of a long term follow up study in this group.
Cardioprotective Effects of Short-Term Caloric Restriction Are Mediated by Adiponectin via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Ken Shinmura, Kayoko Tamaki, Kiyomi Saito, Yasuko Nakano, Takashi Tobe, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Overeating and obesity are major health problems in developed countries. Caloric restriction (CR) can counteract the deleterious aspects of obesity-related diseases and prolong lifespan. We have demonstrated that short-term CR improves myocardial ischemic tolerance and increases adiponectin levels. Here, we investigated the specific role of adiponectin in CR-induced cardioprotection. Methods and Results— Adiponectin antisense transgenic (Ad-AS) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to a group fed ad libitum and a CR group (90% of caloric intake of ad libitum for 3 weeks, then 65% for 2 weeks). Isolated perfused mouse hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. CR increased serum adiponectin levels by 84% in WT mice. Gel filtration analysis of the oligomeric complex distribution showed that CR produced a marked increase in the high–molecular-weight complex of adiponectin in WT mice; in contrast, CR did not change serum adiponectin levels or their oligomeric pattern in Ad-AS mice. CR improved the recovery of left ventricular function after ischemia/reperfusion and limited infarct size in WT mice; these effects were completely abrogated in Ad-AS mice. CR also increased the phosphorylated form of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in WT but not in Ad-AS mice. Recombinant adiponectin restored CR-induced cardioprotection in Ad-AS mice, and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation completely abrogated CR-induced cardioprotection in WT mice. Conclusion— The cardioprotective effects of short-term CR are mediated by increased production of adiponectin and the associated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
HYPNOTISM, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION AS AN AID TO THE ANESTHESIA OF CHLOROFORM AND ETHER.
Authors: CHARLES GILBERT DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Time is the great sieve in which is sifted the accumulated thoughts of men. In it the<i>débris</i>is removed and only pure sparkling truth remains. It is strange, but nevertheless true, that every great scientific advance in every department of human life is met by the most determined, and I might say, brutal opposition. And yet, as the years flow on, there is ever but one result for all these conflicts, for truth is and ever will be triumphant. Gradually the ignorant, stupid and cowardly attack ceases, the smoke of battle passes away, the clouds are lifted, the din of contending voices is hushed and, lo! some fair, new form is ushered upon the scene, a living, breathing reality. A new star is added to the galaxy of the scientific heavens. What can exceed the bitterness of the controversy that for many years has been carried on over the
Drugs for Algeria
Authors: J. Baird
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Background</h3> People at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be candidates for interventions aimed at preventing RA development [1]. The identification of such “at risk” populations includes testing for genetic and other (e.g. autoantibody) biomarkers. However, little is known about the people9s perspectives on these tests, how they react and cope when identified as being a person “at risk” and what their unmet needs are. <h3>Objectives</h3> To expore the perceptions about RA and predictive testing and to understand the various reactions and coping strategies used when identified as being at risk of developing RA from the perspective of those directly concerned. <h3>Methods</h3> As part of the EuroTEAM project, a qualitative interview study with people who were informed of being at risk of developing RA was conducted. An interview schedule was developed and pilot-tested. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 34 individuals (with rheumatoid factor and/or ACPA positive) already informed of being at risk of developing RA participated in the study, from Austria (n=15), Germany (n=15), and the UK (n=4). In Vienna, people who had been tested within an expanded health exam participated in this study. In Birmingham and Erlangen, people with arthralgia were recruited from the outpatient clinics. Analysis of the interview data revealed five overarching themes related to predictive testing in the context of RA (Figure). There were differences between the perceptions of althralgia patients and asymptomatic individuals. People suffering from pain were much more frightened and worried when informed of being at risk of developing RA. As a consequence, they modified their lives in a larger extent and had greater knowledge about RA than those without any symptoms who were rather surprised, kept calm and hardly changed their lifestyle after being tested positive. Allmost all participants in this study would appreciate precise predictive tests in the context of RA. However, more than half of them would refuse synovial biopsy (even if this could help quantify risk more accurately) or preventive medication. Recommendations for an improved procedure of predictive testing in the field of RA were given, which could promote uptake of preventive strategies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Participants showed large differences in views about predictive testing in the context of RA risk and offered specific suggestions that should be incorporated into service design and delivery in the context of future predictive testing programmes. These findings may also be relevant to prediction and prevention in the context of other diseases where multiple genetic risk factors interact with environmental risk factors to drive disease development. <h3>References</h3> van Steenbergen, H.W., T.W. Huizinga, and A.H. van der Helm-van Mil, The preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis: what is acknowledged and what needs to be assessed? Arthritis Rheum, 2013. 65(9): p. 2219–32. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Double exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke.
Authors: J Manuel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

One study after another is finding strong associations between a variety of human illness and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). A 1986 report by the U.S. Surgeon General concluded that ETS is a cause of disease, including lung cancer, in healthy nonsmokers. Other reports have documented causal associations between ETS and lower respiratory tract infections, middle ear disease and exacerbation of asthma in children, heart disease, retardation of fetal growth, sudden infant death syndrome, and nasal sinus cancer. However, the findings from many of these studies remain controversial. A number of scientists remain skeptical about the association between ETS and serious illness in nonsmokers, charging that scientific journals either fail to publish pro-tobacco findings and meta-analyses or disregard those that are published. They also claim that many epidemiological studies declare causal associations based on marginal odds ratios.
Effect of Time of Day on Prehospital Care and Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sarah K. Wallace, Benjamin S. Abella, Frances S. Shofer, Marion Leary, Anish K. Agarwal, C. Crawford Mechem, David F. Gaieski, Lance B. Becker, Robert W. Neumar, Roger A. Band
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— More than 300 000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occur each year in the United States. The relationship between time of day and OHCA outcomes in the prehospital setting is unknown. Any such association may have important implications for emergency medical services resource allocation. Methods and Results— We performed a retrospective review of cardiac arrest data from a large, urban emergency medical services system. Included were OHCA occurring in adults from January 2008 to February 2012. Excluded were traumatic arrests and cases in which resuscitation measures were not performed. Day was defined as 8 am to 7:59 pm ; night, as 8 pm to 7:59 am . A relative risk regression model was used to evaluate the association between time of day and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and 30-day survival, with adjustment for clinically relevant predictors of survival. Among the 4789 included cases, 1962 (41.0%) occurred at night. Mean age was 63.8 years (SD, 17.4 years); 54.5% were male. Patients with an OHCA occurring at night did not have significantly lower rates of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation compared with patients having daytime arrests (11.6% versus 12.8%; P =0.20). However, rates of 30-day survival were significantly lower at night (8.56% versus 10.9%; P =0.02). After adjustment for demographics, presenting rhythm, field termination, duration of call, dispatch-to-scene interval, automated external defibrillator application, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and location, 30-day survival remained significantly higher after daytime OHCA, with a relative risk of 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.18). Conclusion— Rates of 30-day survival were significantly higher for OHCA occurring during the day compared with at night, even after adjustment for patient, event, and prehospital care differences.
Endoscopy in the "Library"
Authors: IRVING B. BRICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1976Endoscopy in the "Library"IRVING B. BRICK, M.D.IRVING B. BRICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-134_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing about "A Library for Internists II," which appeared in the March 1976 issue, to comment on the book and journal selections for internists specializing in gastroenterology and for in-depth study in gastroenterology.As a certified internist with a subspecialty in gastroenterology and extensive experience in gastrointestinal endoscopy, I wish to point out the glaring deficiency in the compilation's not listing any book or publication on gastrointestinal endoscopy. I do not know what specialists in gastroenterology were solicited for their opinions, but apparently no one with particular interests in gastrointestinal endoscopy was among them. To... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Gastroenterology Georgetown University Hospital Washington, D.C. 20007 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1976Volume 85, Issue 1Page: 134-134KeywordsEndoscopyLibraries Issue Published: 1 July 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III and the Risk of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: William A. Blattner, Robert J. Biggar, Stanley H. Weiss, Mads Melbye, James J. Goedert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The discovery of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) has opened a window to the understanding of the spectrum of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related clinical syndromes. Analysis of risk factors for seropositivity has shown that HTLV-III is transmitted most efficiently via routes that involve close personal contact or parenteral exposure. Longitudinal studies have shown that HTLV-III infection has a long latent period. The prevalence of AIDS in different geographic areas and among different risk groups appears to depend in part on duration of exposure. Co-factors for AIDS outcome such as manner and route of exposure, underlying immune status, and host susceptibility are also likely to play a role in risk.
Former Number 10 health adviser joins lobbying firm with clients in health sector
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The prime minister’s former special adviser on health has begun working for a lobbying firm with clients in the private health sector, raising further questions about the movement of key political aides and civil servants to companies that could benefit from government policies.

The adviser, Sean Worth, who left his government post in June, began a part time advisory role with MHP Communications last month, advising the company’s public affairs division.

The firm’s health division acts for clients working with the NHS, including the mental healthcare provider the Priory Group and the building firms Laing O’Rourke and …
The Vitamin D Family Revisited
Authors: Louis V. Avioli, John G. Haddad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

In 1977 the Journal published a review by Haussler and McCain of the basic and clinical concepts related to vitamin D metabolism and action.1 Stimulated by previous advances in our understanding of vitamin D metabolism and action, clinicians were at that time trying to sort out the role (or roles) of the various metabolites as indicators of metabolic activity in clinical disorders of mineral and skeletal homeostasis. We wrote a companion editorial,2 which in general lauded their efforts and predicted rapid further advances in this field. The prediction required no prescience, because many studies had already suggested the importance of . . .
Nkx3-1 and LEF-1 Function as Transcriptional Inhibitors of Estrogen Receptor Activity
Authors: Kelly A. Holmes, Jun S. Song, Xiaole S. Liu, Myles Brown, Jason S. Carroll
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER)-associated cofactors and cooperating transcription factors are one of the primary components determining transcriptional activity of estrogen target genes and may constitute potential therapeutic targets. Recent mapping of ER-binding sites on a genome-wide scale has provided insight into novel cooperating factors based on the enrichment of transcription factor motifs within the ER-binding sites. We have used the ER-binding sites in combination with sequence conservation to identify the statistical enrichment of Nkx and LEF motifs. We find that Nkx3-1 and LEF-1 bind to several ER cis-regulatory elements in vivo, but they both function as transcriptional repressors of estrogen signaling. We show that Nkx3-1 and LEF-1 can inhibit ER binding to chromatin, suggesting competition for common chromatin-binding regions. These data provide insight into the role of Nkx3-1 and LEF-1 as potential regulators of the hormone response in breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(18):7380–5]
Angina Epiglottidea Anterior.
Authors: J. Morgan Jones
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Jersey City, N. J., Jan. 23, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having had a case of angina epiglottidea anterior, or acute epiglottitis, I read with interest the account of this malady, inThe Journalof January 18, by Dr. Clement F. Theisen, Albany, N. Y. My one case may, however, throw more light on this peculiar ailment, and it is with this belief I offer it for publication. <h3>REPORT OF CASE.</h3> Miss K. C. M., aged 21 years, was taken suddenly ill, Jan. 6, 1901, with lancinating pains at the base of the tongue, and with difficult deglutition. She grew rapidly worse until January 9, when she could swallow absolutely nothing; pain at the base of the tongue was much more severe, and she had some temperature and was slightly constipated. She was unable to assume a recumbent posture, on account of dyspnea, and was obliged to
Letters of Sigmund Freud
Authors: Roy R. Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Since the death of Sigmund Freud about 20 years ago, numerous biographies and collections of letters have been published, all of which portray some facet of the man, his life, and work. Early in his life Freud felt the touch of genius and indicated in a letter that his biographers would have a great deal of difficulty learning much about him personally. Apparently he did not save much of his correspondence, nor many documents or manuscripts, although he was an extremely prolific correspondent. However, thousands of his letters sent all over the world are available as source material concerning his life and personality and will be accessible to numerous biographers to come. His son, Ernst Freud, collected about 4,000 letters from various friends, and out of these, has selected 315 for publication. Not all of them are of equal interest or value. The first 100 letters were written to Martha
Has the President's Council on Bioethics missed the boat?
Authors: L. Turner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When George W Bush established the President's Council on Bioethics in 2001, sceptics insisted that it was laden with “conservative” scholars who were unlikely to engage in wide ranging, non-partisan ethical debate. I want to sidestep the question of whether the forensic table at the council tilts to the Republican right rather than the Democratic left. Instead I want to criticise the council's purpose and substantive contribution.

> A council on bioethics ought to address core social questions 

According to presidential executive order 13237, “the Council shall advise the President on bioethical issues that may emerge as a consequence of advances in biomedical science and technology.” Specific biomedical technologies noted in the council's mission statement include “embryo and stem cell research, assisted reproduction, cloning, uses of knowledge and techniques derived from human genetics or the neurosciences, and end of life issues.” …
Consumer advertising and doctors' prescribing
Authors: Peter D Singleton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.
C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice
Authors: Pierre Kyme, Nils H. Thoennissen, Ching Wen Tseng, Gabriela B. Thoennissen, Andrea J. Wolf, Kenichi Shimada, Utz O. Krug, Kunik Lee, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Wolfgang E. Berdel, W. David Hardy, Adrian F. Gombart, H. Phillip Koeffler, George Y. Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is a critical mediator of myelopoiesis. Mutation of this gene is responsible for neutrophil-specific granule deficiency in humans, a condition that confers susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that C/EBPε-deficient mice are severely affected by infection with S. aureus, and C/EBPε deficiency in neutrophils contributes to the infectious phenotype. Conversely, exposure to the epigenetic modulator nicotinamide (vitamin B3) increased expression of C/EBPε in WT myeloid cells. Further, nicotinamide increased the activity of C/EBPε and select downstream antimicrobial targets, particularly in neutrophils. In a systemic murine infection model as well as in murine and human peripheral blood, nicotinamide enhanced killing of S. aureus by up to 1,000 fold but had no effect when administered to either C/EBPε-deficient mice or mice depleted of neutrophils. Nicotinamide was efficacious in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Our findings suggest that C/EBPε is an important target to boost killing of bacteria by the innate immune system.
Changing Picture of Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Charles S. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In the 12-year period of this study there has been marked improvement in the clinical picture of cervical carcinoma. An increasing number of carcinoma cases has been detected in the early stages, and, concurrently, the number of cases discovered in the advanced stages has been decreasing. These beneficial changes are principally the result of more widespread use of better detection methods, chiefly that of the routine Papanicolaou vaginal smear. There has also been an improvement in the 5-year survival rates following treatment with irradiation therapy; this has especially been true in the additional group of cases which received full irradiation followed by radical Wertheim hysterectomy with extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy. The better survival rate is the joint result of earlier detection of the disease and improvements in the treatment methods employed.
Genetically Programmed Selective Islet β-Cell Loss in Diabetic Subjects With Wolfram's Syndrome
Authors: Avraham Karasik, Carl O'Hara, S Srikanta, Michael Swift, J Stuart Soeldner, C Ronald Kahn, Raymonde D Herskowitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Insulin-producing (5-cells were selectively absent from the islets of Langerhans in postmortem specimens from two patients with Wolfram's syndrome. In families with multiple cases of this syndrome, we found a very high concordance rate (r = .910, P &amp;lt; .001) among siblings for age at onset of diabetes mellitus. Taken together with the lack of markers for an autoimmune process, these findings suggest that diabetes mellitus in this syndrome results from genetically programmed selective p-cell death.