tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Metastatic Liver Cancer-Reply
Authors: Margaret A. Tempero
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Dr Silberstein correctly points out that multiple percutaneous liver biopsies can miss focal liver metastases. Even surgical examination of the liver can fail to identify posteriorly and centrally placed lesions.  Our technique for liver imaging includes the administration of 6 mCi of technetium Tc 99m-labeled sulfur colloid. Imaging is begun at 30 minutes after injection. Nine views are obtained in suspended respiration— anterior, posterior, both anterior obliques, both posterior obliques, right and left lateral without lead markers, and anterior with lead markers on the sternal margin. We receive 500,000 counts per view. Images are obtained on one of two Searle LFOV cameras, which are five and six years old, respectively. A low-energy, all-purpose collimator is used.  Dr Silberstein is primarily concerned that the practice of screening patients for liver metastases with biochemical tests alone is inadequate. He illustrates this problem by mentioning two patients with abnormal scans and
Polymerase chain reaction
Authors: D A J Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was devised just over a decade ago, yet it is already an integral part of much biological and medical research. A glance at current journal articles shows that it is also being used to develop new diagnostic tests, which are already having an impact on clinical practice. So it is important for doctors to know the principles on which new tests are based, some of the different versions of the method, and the uses to which they are put.

The polymerase chain reaction is a way of “amplifying” or making multiple copies of any desired piece of nucleic acid. It was first used to make copies of all or part of the DNA of genes. 1 shows the principal steps in the procedure. Firstly, a double strand of DNA is separated into two single strands by heat. Secondly, two rows of nucleotides are marked or “primed” by the addition of two short strands–oligonucleotides–designed to bind specifically on either side of the section of interest in the gene. Thirdly, a polymerase enzyme synthesises a copy of the nucleotide sequence between the primers in the form of …
Polypoid Lesion of the Stomach
Authors: Robert A. Nebesar, James J. Pollard
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. George F. Zinninger: A 25-year-old machinist was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital for the second time, complaining of chest and abdominal pain with vomiting. During his late teens and early twenties he had been a fairly heavy drinker, and he had had one episode of massive hematemesis approximately two years previously. He curtailed his alcoholic intake considerably and there was no further hematemesis. Three months before admission he experienced the onset of crampyperiumbilical pain which did not radiate but at times was located substernally. This pain was unrelated to meals but was relieved by ingestion of milk or an antacid. During the month prior to admission the pain increased in frequency and was associated with nausea and vomiting. The vomitus was described as containing undigested food but no blood. He was admitted to another hospital and, after two weeks of an ulcer regimen, there was almost complete relief of
Effect of the St. John's Wort Constituent Hyperforin on Docetaxel Metabolism by Human Hepatocyte Cultures
Authors: Bernard J. Komoroski, Robert A. Parise, Merrill J. Egorin, Stephen C. Strom, Raman Venkataramanan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Background and Purpose: St. John's wort is a commonly used herbal medication that increases cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity. Because docetaxel is inactivated by CYP3A, we studied the effects of the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin on docetaxel metabolism in a human hepatocyte model. Experimental Design: Hepatocytes, isolated from three donor livers, were exposed to hyperforin (0.1, 0.5, or 1.5 μmol/L) or rifampin (10 μmol/L) for 48 hours. After 48 hours, hyperforin- or rifampin-containing medium was replaced with medium containing 100 μmol/L docetaxel. After 1 hour, docetaxel metabolism was characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequent incubations characterized the specific cytochrome P450s that produced the docetaxel metabolites observed in hepatocyte incubations. Results: Rifampin induced docetaxel metabolism 6.8- to 32-fold above docetaxel metabolism in control cultures. Hyperforin induced docetaxel metabolism in all three hepatocyte preparations. Hyperforin induction was dose-dependent and, at maximum, was 2.6- to 7-fold greater than that in controls. Docetaxel metabolites identified in rifampin- and hyperforin-treated hepatocyte preparations included the previously described tert-butyl–hydroxylated metabolite and two previously unidentified metabolites involving hydroxylation on the baccatin ring. CYP3A4 produced the tert-butyl–hydroxylated metabolite and the two ring-hydroxylated metabolites. CYP2C8 produced one of the newly described ring-hydroxylated metabolites. Conclusions: Exposure to the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin induces docetaxel metabolism in vitro. This implies that subtherapeutic docetaxel concentrations may result when docetaxel is administered to patients using St. John's wort on a chronic basis. The results also show induction of previously undescribed metabolic pathways for docetaxel, one of which may be analogous to the known 6-α-hydroxylation of paclitaxel by CYP2C8.
Kupffer cell inactivation prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced structural changes in the rat liver sinusoid: An electron-microscopic study
Authors: T G Sarphie, N B D’Souza, I V Deaciuc
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Scanning and transmission electron-microscopic examination of the rat liver sinusoid was performed in this study after in vivo treatment of rats with gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/Kg(-1) body weight), with or without pretreatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3 10 mg/Kg −1 body weight). Twenty-seven and 48 hours after GdCl3 administration, to inactivate/eliminate part of the Kupffer cell population, a decrease in the number of visualized Kupffer cells was observed, without evident effects on the sinusoidal endothelial cell or on the hepatocyte. Three and 24 hours after its administration, LPS produced ultrastructural changes in the sinusoid characterized by morphological evidence of Kupffer cell activation (i.e., swelling and expanded philopodia anchoring the Kupffer cell to the luminal surface of the sinusoidal wall), and a marked decrease in the population of endothelial cell fenestration. The reduction in the number of fenestrae was associated with a change in the diameter of fenestrae and can be interpreted as a component of the “capillarization” process of the hepatic sinusoid. Such ultrastructural changes were prevented by the administration of GdCl3 24 hours before LPS injection. Hence, these findings suggest that LPS-induced structural changes in the liver sinusoid are mediated by an LPS-induced Kupffer cell activation. Coupled with previous experimental data, showing similar effects of GdCl3 on one of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) functions, i.e., hyaluronan scavenging, the data presented in this study strongly support the view that Kupffer cells modulate both the hepatic SEC’s functional as well as ultrastructural properties.
Reducing the Cesarean-Section Rate Safely
Authors: Frederick C. Battaglia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The article by Myers and Gleicher in this issue of the Journal addresses an important and timely question in perinatal medicine.1 A number of studies have alluded to the striking increase in the incidence of cesarean-section deliveries in the United States. This was brought out most clearly in the consensus report from the National Institutes of Health in 1980.2 Principally because of its potential for reducing health care costs, the issue of reducing the cesarean-section rate has received a good deal of attention. There is another important reason for attempting to avoid needless operative deliveries — namely, good medical practice. . . .
The Mechanistic Conception of Life.
Authors: Jacques Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of infection in general practice: a survey and recommendations.
Authors: P. N. Hoffman, E. M. Cooke, D. P. Larkin, L. J. Southgate, R. T. Mayon-White, J. V. Pether, A. E. Wright, D. Keenlyside
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Twenty general practices in four areas in Britain were surveyed to establish their needs for and practices of sterilising and disinfecting equipment. Of the 327 items of equipment and instruments examined in the survey, 190 were satisfactorily decontaminated, 100 were treated in a way judged to result in doubtful decontamination, and in 37 cases treatment was considered unsatisfactory. Decontamination apparatuses (autoclaves, hot air ovens, and hot water disinfectors) were generally in good working order, but the use of chemical disinfectants was often inappropriate. Recommendations were made on appropriate methods of decontamination for various items in common use in general practice. By virtue of the large numbers of patients treated by general practitioners there is a substantial possibility of transmitting infection; having appropriate methods for decontaminating instruments and equipment is therefore imperative.
REPORT OF A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL END-TO-END SUTURING OF INTESTINE.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty fourth, Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: ERNEST T. TAPPEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

There is a decided division of opinion among surgeons on the subject of the methods employed in uniting different portions of intestine. Some are eager to try, if not to adopt, each new device in the way of plate, ring or button, as it makes its appearance; and others either cling to the older method of suturing or go back to it after having had a trial of the newer methods. The latest device as far as I am aware, is the Murphy button. This, like all others of the class, labors under the disadvantage of remaining for some days as a foreign body of considerable size in the intestine, and at the same time possesses the undoubted advantage of rendering the operation of union much shorter than the older method of suturing. Abbé has found that the older plates and rings that necessitate only a slit in the side
Preventive Central-Nervous-System Therapy in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Joseph V. Simone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Because acute leukemia, unlike other forms of cancer, is disseminated at the time of diagnosis, systemic chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of treatment. The increasingly skillful use of effective drugs improved the frequency and duration of remission especially in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Better control of systemic leukemia and longer survival were accompanied, however, by the increased frequency of Central-nervous-system (CNS) (meningeal) involvement. Treatment with intrathecal chemotherapy, irradiation or both was only palliative. Recurrence with its attendant complications was distressingly common.In 1962 the group at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis began a series of studies . . .
TRICHOMYCOSIS FLAVA, NIGRA AND RUBRA OF THE AXILLARY REGIONS
Authors: ALDO CASTELLANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1911)

Journal Article TRICHOMYCOSIS FLAVA, NIGRA AND RUBRA OF THE AXILLARY REGIONS Get access ALDO CASTELLANI, M.D ALDO CASTELLANI, M.D Professor of Tropical Medicine and Lecturer on Dermatology, Ceylon Medical College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 11, 1 November 1911, Pages 341–344, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1911.tb16665.x Published: 01 November 1911
UN warns of millions at risk of starvation in drought stricken Ethiopia, Somalia, and Afghanistan
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The United Nations has warned that millions of people face life threatening shortages of food, aggravated by the global food price crisis, in drought stricken Ethiopia, Somalia, and Afghanistan. Emergency humanitarian aid is desperately needed to avert another calamity, the UN says.

John Holmes, the UN’s emergency relief coordinator, said that 4.6 million people are in need of help in Ethiopia, including 75 000 children suffering from acute malnutrition. “Urgent intervention” was needed to save their lives, he said.

Sir John, who also heads the UN’s task force on the food crisis, said that 2.6 million people were in “desperate need” of humanitarian assistance in Somalia, currently affected by drought and conflict. …
Allelic Loss in a Minimal Region on Chromosome 16q24 Is Associated with Vitreous Seeding of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Sandrine Gratias, Harald Rieder, Reinhard Ullmann, Ludger Klein-Hitpass, Stephanie Schneider, Réka Bölöni, Martin Kappler, Dietmar R. Lohmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract In addition to RB1 gene mutations, retinoblastomas frequently show gains of 1q and 6p and losses of 16q. To identify suppressor genes on 16q, we analyzed 22 short tandem repeat loci in 58 patients with known RB1 mutations. A subset of tumors was also investigated by conventional and matrix comparative genomic hybridization. In 40 of 58 (69%) tumors, we found no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at any 16q marker. LOH was detected in 18 of 58 (31%) tumors, including five with allelic imbalance at some markers. In one tumor LOH was only observed at 16q24. As the parental origin of allele loss was unbiased, an imprinted locus is unlikely to be involved. Analysis of gene expression by microarray hybridization and quantitative RT real-time PCR did not identify a candidate suppressor in 16q24. Cadherin 13 (CDH13), CBFA2T3, and WFDC1, which are candidate suppressors in other tumor entities with 16q24 loss, did not show loss of expression. In addition, mutation and methylation analysis showed no somatic alteration of CDH13. Results in all tumors with chromosome 16 alterations define a single minimal deleted region of 5.7 Mb in the telomeric part of 16q24 with the centromeric boundary defined by retention of heterozygosity for a single nucleotide variant in exon 10 of CDH13 (Mb 82.7). Interestingly, clinical presentation of tumors with and without 16q alterations was distinct. Specifically, almost all retinoblastomas with 16q24 loss showed diffuse intraocular seeding. This suggests that genetic alterations in the minimal deleted region are associated with impaired cell-to-cell adhesion. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):408–16]
Dual oscillations as the physiological basis for capacity limits
Authors: Ole Jensen, John E. Lisman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

A physiological model for short-term memory (STM) based on dual theta (5–10 Hz) and gamma (20–60 Hz) oscillation was proposed by Lisman and Idiart (1995). In this model a memory is represented by groups of neurons that fire in the same gamma cycle. According to this model, capacity is determined by the number of gamma cycles that occur within the slower theta cycle. We will discuss here the implications of recent reports on theta oscillations recorded in humans performing the Sternberg task. Assuming that the oscillatory memory models are correct, these findings can help determine STM capacity.
31 HCV expression inhibits interferon signaling in a cell-based HCV replication model
Authors: W LIN, Y HIASA, Y KAMEGAYA, J BLACKARD, C ZANDER, G BECK, E SCHMIDT, R CHUNG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides maintain and repair the gastrointestinal mucosa and are aberrantly expressed in human and rodent inflammatory bowel disease and carcinomas, diseases common in dogs and cats. Study objectives were to sequence and translate canine and feline tff cDNAs and define any unique residues that might influence their structure and/or function. After isolation and reverse transcription of canine and feline gastrointestinal mucosal RNA, TFF cDNAs were amplified, sequenced, and cloned. Dogs and cats had unique amino acids in several places that were highly or completely conserved in other mammals, including a hydrophobic area in the TFF1 functional site, loop 2 of each TFF2 trefoil domain, a TFF3 dimerization site, and the TFF2 C-terminus. By identifying conserved and unique characteristics of canine and feline TFFs, this study establishes a foundation for investigation of dog and cat models of TFF-related diseases in both human and veterinary medicine.
Nonhormonal drugs and cancer.
Authors: P D Stolley, S H Zahm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Nonhormonal drugs probably account for only a small proportion of human cancer but have contributed many valuable insights into carcinogenic mechanisms. The antineoplastics, radiopharmaceuticals, and a few other agents account for most of the known drug-induced cancer. A number of other agents are under suspicion, usually due to studies in laboratory animals or to preliminary clinical or epidemiologic observations. This group includes some drugs in widespread use such as clofibrate and cimetidine. For a few drugs that are carcinogenic in animals, such as dapsone and isoniazid, epidemiologic studies have shown little to no evidence of carcinogenicity. Recent experimental studies have shown tumor promotion by the commonly used antidepressants amitriptyline and fluoxetine and some antihistamines, which deserve epidemiologic investigation of cancer risk. Some drugs may also protect against cancer, as suggested by the lower risk of colorectal cancer among regular users of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Pharmacoepidemiologic studies must take into account possible confounding by the original conditions for which drugs were taken and the typically long latency period of drug-induced cancer. Improved postmarketing surveillance, continued routine case-control surveillance, and ad hoc case-control and cohort studies are needed to evaluate drugs already in use as well as newly introduced agents.
902-6 A Prospective Study of Gianturco-Roubin Coronary Stent Implantation without Anticoagulation
Authors: Antonio Colombo, Shigeru Nakamura, Patrick Hall, Luigi Maiello, Massimo Ferraro, Giovanni Martini, Simonetta Blengino, Leo Finci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Variability of Urinary Phthalate Metabolite and Bisphenol A Concentrations before and during Pregnancy
Authors: Joe M. Braun, Kristen W. Smith, Paige L. Williams, Antonia M. Calafat, Katharine Berry, Shelley Ehrlich, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Gestational phthalate and bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may increase the risk of adverse maternal/child health outcomes, but there are few data on the variability of urinary biomarkers before and during pregnancy.We characterized the variability of urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations before and during pregnancy and the ability of a single spot urine sample to classify average gestational exposure.We collected 1,001 urine samples before and during pregnancy from 137 women who were partners in couples attending a Boston fertility clinic and who had a live birth. Women provided spot urine samples before (n ≥ 2) and during (n ≥ 2) pregnancy. We measured urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), four metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and BPA. After adjusting for specific gravity, we characterized biomarker variability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and conducted several surrogate category analyses to determine whether a single spot urine sample could adequately classify average gestational exposure.Absolute concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA were similar before and during pregnancy. Variability was higher during pregnancy than before pregnancy for BPA and MBzP, but similar during and before pregnancy for MBP, MEP, and ΣDEHP. During pregnancy, MEP (ICC = 0.50) and MBP (ICC = 0.45) were less variable than BPA (ICC = 0.12), MBzP (ICC = 0.25), and ΣDEHP metabolites (ICC = 0.08). Surrogate analyses suggested that a single spot urine sample may reasonably classify MEP and MBP concentrations during pregnancy, but more than one sample may be necessary for MBzP, DEHP, and BPA.Urinary phthalate metabolites and BPA concentrations were variable before and during pregnancy, but the magnitude of variability was biomarker specific. A single spot urine sample adequately classified MBP and MEP concentrations during pregnancy. The present results may be related to unique features of the women studied, and replication in other pregnancy cohorts is recommended.