tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrodes for 24 hours pH monitoring--a comparative study.
Authors: G McLauchlan, J M Rawlings, M L Lucas, R F McCloy, G P Crean, K E McColl
Journal: Gut (1987)

Three pH electrodes in clinical use were examined--(1) antimony electrode with remote reference electrode (Synectics 0011), (2) glass electrode with remote reference electrode (Microelectrodes Inc. MI 506) and (3) combined glass electrode with integral reference electrode (Radiometer GK2801C). In vitro studies showed that both glass electrodes were similar and superior to the antimony electrode with respect to response time, drift, and sensitivity. The effect of the siting of the reference electrode on the recorded pH was examined in five human volunteers. The pH reading using a remote skin reference electrode was higher by a mean of 0.3 pH units (range 0.0-0.6) in the stomach, lower by 0.65 pH units (0.5-0.8) in the duodenum and lower by 0.3 pH units (0.0-0.6) in the oesophagus than that simultaneously obtained with an intraluminal reference electrode. Buccal reference electrodes gave similar readings to skin. Combined reference and glass pH electrodes are recommended for 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring.
The Genetic Iceberg
Authors: Robert E. Fisibein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CORONARY AIR EMBOLISM AND ENDOCARDIAL DISSECTION AS UNUSUAL COMPLICATIONS OF DEVICE-BASED LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE CLOSURE: A WORD OF CAUTION
Authors: Vincenzo Santinelli, Gabriele Vicedomini, Alberto Cremonesi, Mario Baldi, Francesca Zuffada, Massimo Saviano, Luigi Giannelli, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Highly Successful and Novel Model for Treatment of Chronic Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Michael A Pfeifer, David R Ross, Jon P Schrage, David A Gelber, Mary P Schumer, Goldie M Crain, Stephen J Markwell, Sonya Jung
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To investigate why, in spite of a vast variety of treatment agents, the alleviation of pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy is difficult. Previous studies have not used a treatment algorithm based on anatomic site and neuropathophysiological source of the neuropathic pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A model that categorizes the types of pain into three groups (superficial, deep, and muscular) was applied in 75 diabetic patients with chronic (&amp;gt; 12 mo) painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in a controlled case series. Twenty-two patients were untreated and 53 patients were treated with imipramine ± mexiletine for deep pain, capsaicin for superficial pain, and stretching exercises and metaxalone ± piroxican for muscular pain. Each type of pain was scored separately on a scale of 0 (none) to 19 (worst), and the total of all three types was used as an index of overall pain. Ability to sleep through the night was scored by a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always). RESULTS No significant differences were observed in initial pain scores, sleep scores, demographics, biochemistries, or physical findings between the two groups. After 3 mo a significant improvement in scores was noted in the treated but not the untreated patients. In addition, a significant difference was found in the change of scores between the treated and untreated patients: total pain (−18 ± 2 vs. 0 ± 2), deep pain (−7 ± 1 vs. 0 ± 1), superficial pain (−5 ± 1 vs. 0 ± 1), muscular pain (−6 ± 1 vs. 0 ± 1), and sleep (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.2), all P &amp;lt; 0.0001. In treated patients 21% became pain-free (total pain &amp;lt; 2), 66% had improvement (decrease in total pain &amp;gt; 5, but not total elimination of painful symptoms), and 13% were considered treatment failures (a decrease in total pain of &amp;lt; or = 5). This compares with 0 (P &amp;lt; 0.02), 10 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and 90% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), respectively, in the untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a new rationale and hypothesis for the successful treatment of chronic painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It uniquely bases the treatment algorithm on the types and sources of the pain.
Degradation of Mouse Invariant Chain: Roles of Cathepsins S and D and the Influence of Major Histocompatibility Complex Polymorphism
Authors: José A. Villadangos, Richard J. Riese, Christoph Peters, Harold A. Chapman, Hidde L. Ploegh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Antigen-presenting cells (APC) degrade endocytosed antigens into peptides that are bound and presented to T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Class II molecules are delivered to endocytic compartments by the class II accessory molecule invariant chain (Ii), which itself must be eliminated to allow peptide binding. The cellular location of Ii degradation, as well as the enzymology of this event, are important in determining the sets of antigenic peptides that will bind to class II molecules. Here, we show that the cysteine protease cathepsin S acts in a concerted fashion with other cysteine and noncysteine proteases to degrade mouse Ii in a stepwise fashion. Inactivation of cysteine proteases results in incomplete degradation of Ii, but the extent to which peptide loading is blocked by such treatment varies widely among MHC class II allelic products. These observations suggest that, first, class II molecules associated with larger Ii remnants can be converted efficiently to class II–peptide complexes and, second, that most class II–associated peptides can still be generated in cells treated with inhibitors of cysteine proteases. Surprisingly, maturation of MHC class II in mice deficient in cathepsin D is unaffected, showing that this major aspartyl protease is not involved in degradation of Ii or in generation of the bulk of antigenic peptides.
Abstract 5327: Upregulation of the expression of nonclassical MHC class I HLA-G antigen in human breast cancer cell lines and tissue
Authors: Xianpeng Jiang, Jeff Phillips, Jonathan F. Head, Brian Barnett, Robert L. Elliott
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule with immunotolerant properties. HLA-G is normally expressed by trophoblastic cells during pregnancy and protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. HLA-G is also overexpressed in tumors and plays a role in immune evasion of cancer. In this study, we used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine HLA-G expression in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines, normal breast tissue, and human breast cancer tissue. RT-PCR showed that normal epithelial MCF-12A cells had no HLA-G mRNA expression, while the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231, and drug-resistant cell line NCI/Adr-Res had various levels of HLA-G mRNA expression. Furthermore, three mRNA isoforms were expressed in breast cancer cell lines. Twelve normal breast tissues from plastic surgery and 38 breast cancer tissues from mastectomy were examined by IHC. While 60.5% (23 of 38 samples) of breast cancers had medium to strong staining to HLA-G, only 33% (4 of 12 samples) of normal breast tissues had weak staining, the difference was significant (p&amp;lt;0.05). HLA-G staining was diffusely distributed in the membrane and cytoplasm of the cancer cells and mammary epithelia. Rare staining was found in fibroblasts, vascular endothelia or inflammatory cells. In conclusion, breast cancer cells over-express HLA-G mRNA and protein in cell lines and tumors. The role of HLA-G over-expression in breast cancer-related immune evasion remains to be determined. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5327.
U.S. Trade regulations cast an eye to the environment.
Authors: C W Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Can free trade and environmental protection coexist in a global economy?If you were a protester in the streets of Seattle, Washington, during the November 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization, you would probably answer no.But if you were the President of the United States, you might opt for a broader view and suggest that they could.If pressed for answers on how to achieve this coexistence, you might turn to two agencies with a great deal of expertise on the issues-the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) and the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)-and let them negotiate with the stakeholders on how to work environmental concerns in to U.S. trade proposals.Once the smoke cleared, you would have a set of guidelines for environmentally friendly commerce.This scenario describes the events of the last 13 months.On 16 November 1999, just weeks before the violence in Seattle put the issue on the evening news,
A Transcendental Argument for the Concept of Personhood in Neuroscience
Authors: Mark Sagoff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

"A Transcendental Argument for the Concept of Personhood in Neuroscience." The American Journal of Bioethics, 7(1), pp. 72–73 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author gratefully acknowledges support from NIH-ELSI under grant number R03HG003299. The views expressed are those of the author alone.
Contracts for Hospital Junior Staff
Authors: I. W. B. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1973)

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 24 NOVEMBER 1973 then decide how to make the child as safe as possible, as a first-aid measure, and also try to make provision for the long-term support, supervision, and re-education which the family are going to need.All this is going to be difficult and de- manding for someone, probably several people, and the long-term results may be disappointing.But "prompt referral to the nearest hospital," without thought, is not good enough.-Iam, etc.,
Urate Secretion in Man: The Pyrazinamide Suppression Test
Authors: THOMAS H. STEELE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The relatively specific inhibition of the renal tubular secretion of urate after pyrazinamide administration has been used to estimate the contribution of tubular secretion to the urinary uric acid. Recent studies in animals, and other indirect data in man, suggest that the tubular secretion of urate may precede its reabsorption within the nephron and that some secreted urate subsequently is reabsorbed. In addition, the intrarenal secretory and reabsorptive fluxes for urate probably are far greater than previous estimates suggest. Although the pyrazinamide suppression test may still help to estimate the role of tubular secretion in promoting urate excretion, current evidence suggests that it greatly underestimates the magnitude of transport processes because of their interaction.
A CASE OF POISONING FROM A BELLADONNA PLASTER. TER.
Authors: HERBERT JUDD
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Editor of The Journal of the American Medical Association:  The case of belladonna poisoning resulting from the application of a belladonna plaster, reported in the Medical Record of January 19, 1884, by Martin J. Fleming, M.D., of New York, leads me to report the following case:  February 5, 1883, at 8 P. M., I was called to see C. H., at the Union Hotel, who, while descending the stairs of the hotel one hour before, had slipped and fallen upon his left side and back. His general condition was good, his habits temperate. The only treatment I advised was to apply over the seat of pain a belladonna plaster. The plaster was to be cut from a pattern I made of paper, triangular in shape, and has since been found to aggregate about twentysix square inches in surface; the plaster was of the ordinary roll plaster, prepared by Seabury &
Neutrophil-neutrophil interactions under hydrodynamic shear stress involve L-selectin and PSGL-1. A mechanism that amplifies initial leukocyte accumulation of P-selectin in vitro.
Authors: B Walcheck, K L Moore, R P McEver, T K Kishimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Leukocytes attach to and roll on inflamed endothelium and on leukocyte monolayers that form on the endothelial cells. Leukocyte-leukocyte interactions occurring under hydrodynamic shear stress are mediated by binding of L-selectin to unknown sialomucin-like glycoproteins. We show that purified neutrophil PSGL-1, a sialomucin glycoprotein that serves as a ligand for both P- and E-selectin, can also support the attachment and rolling of free flowing neutrophils in vitro. Neutrophil rolling on PSGL-1 was abolished by the anti-L-selectin mAb DREG200 and by the anti-PSGL-1 mAb PL1, indicating that L-selectin can interact directly with PSGL-1. Neutrophil rolling on neutrophil monolayers was also blocked by PL1 (60 +/- 9% SEM inhibition); however, DREG200 blocked more efficiently (93 +/- 7% SEM inhibition), suggesting that other L-selectin ligands may exist on the neutrophil surface. These studies demonstrate that PSGL-1 on the neutrophil surface is a major functional ligand for L-selectin. The avidity of this L-selectin-dependent adhesion event was sufficient to allow individual neutrophils rolling on P-selectin to capture free flowing neutrophils, which progressed to form linear strings and discrete foci of rolling neutrophils. Neutrophil accumulation on P-selectin accelerated with time as a result of neutrophil-assisted capture of free flowing neutrophils. When neutrophil-neutrophil interactions were blocked by DREG200, neutrophils accumulated on P-selectin in a random pattern and at a uniform rate. Thus, leukocyte-assisted capture of flowing leukocytes may play an important role in amplifying the rate of initial leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation.
Relatively high infant mortality in US is due to number of preterm births, report says
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Development of effective treatments requires understanding of disease mechanisms. For diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), like Multiple sclerosis (MS), human pathology studies and animal models tend to identify candidate disease mechanisms. However, these studies cannot easily link identified processes to clinical outcomes, such as MS severity, required for causality assessment of candidate mechanisms. Technological advances now allow generation of thousands of biomarkers in living human subjects, derived from genes, transcripts, medical images and proteins or metabolites in biological fluids. These biomarkers can be assembled into computational models of clinical value, provided such models are generalizable. Reproducibility of models increases with technical rigor of study design, such as blinding, implementing controls, using large cohorts that encompass entire spectrum of disease phenotypes and, most importantly, validating models in independent cohort(s). To facilitate growth of this important research area, we performed a meta-analysis of publications that model MS clinical outcomes (n=302), extracting effect sizes, while also scoring technical quality of study design using pre-defined criteria. Finally, we generated a Shiny-App-based website that allows dynamic exploration of data using selective filtering. On average, published studies fulfilled only one out of seven criteria of study design rigor. Only 15.2% of studies used any validation strategy, and only 8% used the gold standard of independent cohort validation. Many studies also used small cohorts, e.g., for MRI and blood biomarker predictors the median sample size was below 100 subjects. We observed inverse relationships between reported effect sizes and the numbers of study design criteria fulfilled, expanding analogous reports from non-MS fields, that studies that fail to limit bias over-estimate effect sizes. In conclusion, the presented meta-analysis represents a useful tool for researchers, reviewers, and funders to improve design of future modeling studies in MS and to easily compare new studies with published literature. We expect that this will accelerate research in this important area, leading to development of robust models with proven clinical value.
Abstract 4402: Fsn0503: A novel therapeutic antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Julie A. Gormley, Shane A. Olwill, Shauna M. Hegarty, Christopher J. Scott, Roberta E. Burden, James A. Johnston, Elaine W. Kay
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Local invasion and metastasis is the primary cause of death in many cancers. Extracellular matrix degradation by proteolytic enzymes facilitates tumour invasion into the surrounding tissue, eventually leading to metastatic spread of the disease. Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a lysosomal cysteine protease, which has been shown to play a role in promoting tumour invasion and angiogenesis. CTSS has been found to be overexpressed and secreted in a number of cancer tissues including astrocytoma and prostate. We have developed Fsn0503, a novel antibody that targets and inhibits the extracellular activity of CTSS. Fsn0503 specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of CTSS. It significantly attenuates invasion of a range of colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines in vitro (e.g. HCT116 64% at 200nM). Fsn0503 also demonstrates anti-angiogenic effects; it significantly reduces microtubule formation by HUVEC cells in vitro and vessel outgrowth in the (ex vivo) rat aortic ring model. Fsn0503 also impairs tumour growth and vascularisaton in the HCT116 colorectal xenograft model and reduced metastatic burden in a 3LL metastatic model, with no signs of toxicity. As these data suggest a role for CTSS in CRC progression, we probed its expression pattern in a large-scale immunohistochemical study spanning five cohorts of patients (n=600). Greater than 90% of tumours show intense expression of CTSS compared with weak or undetectable expression in the normal colonic epithelium. Increased CTSS expression in lymph node metastatic tissue compared to normal tissue was also observed. These compelling results signify an important role for CTSS in malignant progression of CRC and accompanying metastases. Demonstration of in vivo efficacy highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting CTSS with an antibody. Overall, our data indicate that Fsn0503 is an exciting experimental therapeutic which has great clinical potential Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4402.
Large-Scale Study Suggests Specific Indicators for Combined Cognitive Therapy and Pharmacotherapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Michael E. Thase
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Intravenous immunoglobulin and myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Authors: C Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1991)

conditions, f-ronti mild to severe.(iven that most patients have the tests offered to them, the decision about which tests shouldi be widely available becomes paramount.Which conditions arc considered to bc scrious enloLugh to warrant prenatal screeninig and suobsequent ter-mination?'\Xho should decide?As a first step towards a solution the views of scientists, clinicians, managers, and patients as swell as special interest groups, SLuch as those wNith disabilities, need to be determined.TFhe next task is to determine how these potentially conflicting views can be reflected in policy.Once a test is available how, when, and by whom should it be offered to increase the likelihood that the decision to undergo screening reflects more a woman's values and less the social influences inherent in medical consultations?Research on these issues is needed alongside the development of these tests to ensure that we do not become slaves to our own technological wizardry.
The Story of San Michele
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Next time you see a patient with insomnia, rather than prescribe a hypnotic recommend that he or she writes a book. The result might be sleep for the author and a masterpiece. Henry James gave that advice to Axel Munthe; it worked, and we now have an exquisite book, The Story of San Michele , that has been translated into 45 languages and was once required reading for medical students.

The book is a mixture of autobiography and fantasy, with the boundaries between the two delightfully blurred. (Most autobiographies are largely fantasy anyway, but few are so clear about it.) Munthe, a Swede, was born in 1857, …
Decline of the necropsy.
Authors: J F Heggie
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the vas.Ligatures should not bc used because they often cut into thc lumcn of the vas, iniviting leakage of spermatozoa, spermatic granuloma, and possible recanalization.As a further means of ensuring surgical success, onc cut cnd of the vas should be covered over with the fascial sheath of the vas.This tech- nique has succeeded without fail in over 700 cases in my private practice.It does not unnecessarily discard segments of vas which might bc needed later for vasovasostomy.Clearance of spermatozoa correlates with the number of ejaculations after vasectomy rather than with any specific length of time.Instead of analyzing the semen at 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively as done by Dr. Jackson and others, a better practice would be to begin tcsting after the tenth ejaculation.-Iam, etc.,