tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Women lose legal fight to use their frozen embryos
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Two women, whose former partners refused to let them try to conceive using frozen embryos stored before their relationships ended, last week lost their legal battle in the High Court in London to save the embryos.

Natallie Evans and Lorraine Hadley were this week considering an appeal against Mr Justice Wall's ruling that the embryos could not be used without the consent of their ex-partners, Howard Johnston and …
Norwegian (crusted) scabies of glans penis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: M.R. Bongiorno, G. Ferro, M. Aricò
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, A 48‐year‐old man presented to the Dermatological Department with a dermatitis on the genital area. Physical examination revealed hyperkeratotic dermatitis with maculopapular lesions and thick yellow crusts over the genital area. The lesions were confluent. The patient noticed an enlarging, nonpruritic, thick, crusted papule on the penis that had been growing for roughly 3 months surrounded by a slight rim of erythema, extending to the glans penis and scrotum on the day of presentation. The lesion was characterized by piling of grey to yellow‐white rough and thick oyster shell‐like horny tissue (Fig. 1). Laboratory tests gave the following results. Full blood cell count showed a leucocyte count of 9·2 × 109 L−1 (9% eosinophils). There was normal flow immunotyping of blood lymphocyte subsets with the following values: CD4 61·3% (normal 31–63); CD8 16% (normal 16–40). There was mild hypokalaemia; serum creatinine level of 1·2 mg dL−1; and increased serum uric acid (9·1 mg dL−1; normal 3·9–7·8). Serum protein electrophoresis was normal. Investigation of humoral immunity showed an increased serum IgE (1143 U mL−1, normal 14–122). Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot), and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test were negative. The following studies showed no abnormalities: liver function tests, serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, complement levels, cryoglobulin, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, antistreptococcal titres. Culture of skin swabs showed no bacterial or fungal growth.
Transmural coronary vasodilator reserve, and flow distribution during tachycardia in conscious young swine with right ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: M. MANOHAR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Regional distribution of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was examined in eight normal and nine pulmonary artery banded (PAB) pigs before and during pacing induced tachycardia (heart rates: 175, 225 and 275 beats·min−1) as well as during iv adenosine infusion (1.5 mg·kg−1·min−1; maximal coronary vasodilatation) using radionuclide labelled 15 μm diameter microspheres that were injected into the left atrium. It was observed that MBF per unit myocardial mass in the hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) of PAB pigs was similar to that in the RV of normal pigs. Also, minimal coronary vascular resistance per unit myocardial mass was similar between the two groups of pigs for RV as well as left ventricle (LV). This suggests that the increase in RV myocardial mass of young PAB swine was attended by appropriate adjustments in functional cross-sectional area of the RV coronary vascular bed. Despite similarity of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity in the two groups of swine, during pacing induced tachycardia MBF in the hypertrophied RV subendocardium as well as the right and middle layers of the interventricular septum in PAB pigs increased to a significantly lower level than in normal pigs and the RV endo:epi perfusion ratio, unlike in normal pigs, decreased to near unity. Increments in transmural LV MBF of PAB pigs were also attenuated during pacing at 225 and 275 beats·min−1 but the LV endo:epi perfusion ratio for the two groups of pigs remained similar. These findings suggest a possible overall depression of myocardial function in PAB swine.
When is it safe to use an oversimplified substitution model in tree- making?
Authors: A. Rzhetsky, T. Sitnikova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The choice of an "optimal" mathematical model for computing evolutionary distances from real sequences is not currently supported by easy-to-use software applicable to large data sets, and an investigator frequently selects one of the simplest models available. Here we study properties of the observed proportion of differences (p-distance) between sequences as an estimator of evolutionary distance for tree-making. We show that p-distances allow for consistent tree-making with any of the popular methods working with evolutionary distances if evolution of sequences obeys a "molecular clock" (more precisely, if it follows a stationary time-reversible Markov model of nucleotide substitution). Next, we show that p-distances seem to be efficient in recovering the correct tree topology under a "molecular clock," but produce "statistically supported" wrong trees when substitutions rates vary among evolutionary lineages. Finally, we outline a practical approach for selecting an "optimal" model of nucleotide substitution in a real data analysis, and obtain a crude estimate of a "prior" distribution of the expected tree branch lengths under the Jukes-Cantor model. We conclude that the use of a model that is obviously oversimplified is inadvisable unless it is justified by a preliminary analysis of the real sequences.
CHANGES INDUCED BY PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN GUINEA-PIG SKIN IN VIVO
Authors: I. SARKANY, R. B. FOUNTAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article CHANGES INDUCED BY PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN GUINEA‐PIG SKIN IN VIVO Get access I. SARKANY, I. SARKANY The Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London, W. C. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. B. FOUNTAIN R. B. FOUNTAIN The Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London, W. C. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 3, 1 March 1967, Pages 174–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb15828.x Published: 01 March 1967
Borna disease, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis as a model for CD4+ T cell-mediated immunopathology in the brain.
Authors: J A Richt, L Stitz, H Wekerle, R Rott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A homogeneous T cell line NM1 with Borna disease (BD) virus reactivity could be established. The NM1 cells have been characterized as CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer revealed that this MHC class II-restricted immune cell is responsible for the immunopathological effect leading to BD, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis.
Positive Selection for Single Amino Acid Change Promotes Substrate Discrimination of a Plant Volatile-Producing Enzyme
Authors: T. J. Barkman, T. R. Martins, E. Sutton, J. T. Stout
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

We used a combined evolutionary and experimental approach to better understand enzyme functional divergence within the SABATH gene family of methyltransferases (MTs). These enzymes catalyze the formation of a variety of secondary metabolites in plants, many of which are volatiles that contribute to floral scent and plant defense such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. A phylogenetic analysis of functionally characterized members of this family showed that salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) forms a monophyletic lineage of sequences found in several flowering plants. Most members of this lineage preferentially methylate salicylic acid (SA) as compared with the structurally similar substrate benzoic acid (BA). To investigate if positive selection promoted functional divergence of this lineage of enzymes, we performed a branch-sites test. This test showed statistically significant support (P < 0.05) for positive selection in this lineage of MTs (dN/dS = 10.8). A high posterior probability (pp = 0.99) identified an active site methionine as the only site under positive selection in this lineage. To investigate the potential catalytic effect of this positively selected codon, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace Met with the alternative amino acid (His) in a Datura wrightii floral–expressed SAMT sequence. Heterologous expression of wild-type and mutant D. wrightii SAMT in Escherichia coli showed that both enzymes could convert SA to methyl salicylate and BA to methyl benzoate. However, competitive feeding with equimolar amounts of SA and BA showed that the presence of Met in the active site of wild-type SAMT resulted in a >10-fold higher amount of methyl salicylate produced relative to methyl benzoate. The Met156His-mutant exhibited little differential preference for the 2 substrates because nearly equal amounts of methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate were produced. Evolution of the ability to discriminate between the 2 substrates by SAMT may be advantageous for efficient production of methyl salicylate, which is important for pollinator attraction as well as pathogen and herbivore defense. Because BA is a likely precursor for the biosynthesis of SA, SAMT might increase methyl salicylate levels directly by preferential methylation and indirectly by leaving more BA to be converted into SA.
Adult and Pediatric Urology, vols 1-3
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A criticism often directed toward textbooks is that they are usually outdated upon publication.<sup>1</sup>In the preface to the third edition of<i>Adult and Pediatric</i><i>Urology</i>, Jay Gillenwater states that most of the book's chapters were written less than a year before publication. Perusal of the bibliographies indicate references to articles published in 1994 in most of the chapters and in 1995 in several. Gillenwater also indicates that the editors will be updating<i>Adult and Pediatric Urology</i>annually in the<i>Year Book of Urology</i>, which has been reorganized to function as a supplement to the text. These innovative changes as well as the availability of the text on CD-ROM will enable<i>Adult and Pediatric Urology</i>to be the prime source of information for urologists for years to come. New for this edition is a 92-page chapter on laparoscopic urology by Clayman et al, which not only provides the state
IL28B polymorphisms are associated with severity of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Juan Berenguer, Mónica García-Álvarez, Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez, María A. Jiménez-Sousa, Emilio Álvarez, Dariela Micheloud, Juan Carlos López, Pilar Miralles, Jaime Cosín, Pilar Catalán, Salvador Resino
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Effects of calcium channel blockers on calcium uptake in rat aortic valve allografts.
Authors: S A Thompson, G B Smith, S M Cobb, K S Walters, D M Behrendt
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The life span of human aortic valve allografts is finite, and many fail because of cusp rupture or calcification. Subcellular changes occurring in aortic valves in response to transplantation include the uptake of calcium. This study uses a heterotropic rat aortic valve transplant model to determine whether the calcium channel blockers diltiazem and verapamil might attenuate leaflet calcification.The 60 rats studied were divided into the following groups: 1) control: valves from normal, unoperated F1 generation of Lewis and Brown Norway cross (LBNF1) rats; 2) control: valves from syngeneic transplant combinations (Lewis/Lewis); 3) control: valves from allogeneic transplant combinations (LBNF1/Lewis, donor/recipient); 4) experimental: valves from allogeneic strain combinations treated with 30 mg/kg per day diltiazem; 5) experimental: valves from allogeneic strain combinations treated with 30 mg/kg per day verapamil. Drugs or saline (controls) were administered with osmotic pumps placed subcutaneously 2 days before transplantation. Animals were killed 3 weeks later, and the valves were harvested and prepared for calcium analysis. Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis was used to measure the calcium in a section of one leaflet from each valve studied. Paired t tests showed that allograft valves treated with diltiazem or verapamil contained significantly less calcium than allograft controls treated with saline (p < 0.001). When all five groups were subjected to one-way ANOVA, the valves in the allograft control group contained significantly more calcium than all other groups. All other groups were not different from each other.The calcium channel blockers verapamil and diltiazem were effective in preventing early calcification that occurs in aortic valves after transplantation. Thus, these agents might play a role in prolonging the life of human aortic valve allografts.
Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer — A Resilient Foe
Authors: Peter S. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Personalizing the use of cancer therapeutics is a major focus of current biomedical research. The pioneering work of Huggins and colleagues more than 70 years ago foreshadowed the modern era of precision medicine by treating advanced prostate cancers with approaches designed specifically to impair androgen-receptor signaling.1 The androgen receptor regulates critical cellular growth and survival programs in neoplastic prostate cells (Figure 1) and consequently represents a unique treatment-defining feature of prostate cancer. Reports of dramatic remissions in clinical symptoms resulting from this targeted therapy transformed medical practice conceptually and practically, and today strategies that impair androgen-receptor activity by lowering levels . . .
Somatostatin on intravariceal pressure.
Authors: S A Jenkins, R Shields
Journal: Gut (1988)

Somatostatin on intravariceal pressure SIR,-We read with interest the article on the effects of somatostatin on intravariceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (Kleber G, et al, Gut 1988; 29: 153-6).We were not surprised, however, that the investigators failed to observe any change in intravariceal pressure or systemic haemo- dynamics 2-5 to six minutes after administration of a bolus dose of somatostatin.In our experience, the reduction in intravariceal pressure,' portal pressure' or wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP)2 in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension occurs within five to 10 seconds after bolus administration of somatostatin or SMS 201-995.The reduction in intravariceal pressure or WHVP after bolus adminis- tration of somatostatin or SMS 201-995 is followed approximately 20-30 seconds later by a small but significant increase in arterial blood pressure and a bradycardia, suggesting that the systemic changes are secondary to the effects on splanchnic haemo- dynamics.Furthermore, the effects of a bolus dose of somatostatin and its analogue on splanchnic and hepatic haemodynamics are transient, the values returning to normal within two minutes after com- pletion of the administration.Consequently, Kleber and his colleagues, by measuring intravariceal pressure 2-5 to six minutes after bolus administration of somatostatin would have missed any response.We find it surprising that knowing that the biological half life of somatostatin is very short, and if Fig. 1 is correct, each measurement of intravariceal pressure took approximately two minutes to, record, the
PBDEs and Cryptorchidism: Main et al. Respond
Authors: Katharina M. Main, Jorma Toppari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Main et al. (2007) reported that elevated levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk, but not placenta, were associated with congenital cryptorchidism in Danish and Finnish boys.For the Danish cohort, the researchers used a case-cohort design in which biological samples were collected from all study participants, whereas for the Finnish cohort, they used a nested case-control design.The matching criteria used for Finnish mothers who gave birth to boys with cryptorchidism (measured at birth) and matched Finnish controls included the following: parity, smoking (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), gestational age (± 7 days), and date of birth (± 14 days).However, Main et al. (2007) did not provide information on adjustments made to account for the type/severity of diabetes (Virtanen et al. 2006), smoking habits (Kurahashi et al. 2005), alcohol consumption (Damgaard et al. 2007), cesarean section (Hjertkvist et al. 1989;Kurahashi et al. 2005), and other factors that may be associated with cryptorchidism.Interestingly, Main et al. did note that approximately 12% and 18% of breast milk samples and placentas, respectively, were obtained from diabetic Finnish mothers of cryptorchid boys, compared with 0% of controls (Main et al. 2007), but they conducted no further inquiry on this discrepancy.Damgaard et al. (2007) previously evaluated this same Danish-Finnish cohort and adjusted for confounders and effect modifiers for differences observed based on country, smoking, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption (including binge-drinking episodes), social class, maternal age, parity, maturity, and birth weight.Damgaard et al. (2007) noted an association between maternal alcohol consumption (≥ 5 drinks/week) and transient cryptorchidism.Despite these findings, Main et al. (2007) provided no information on stratified alcohol consumption or other potential confounders, such as caffeine intake or social class.Main et al. (2007) concluded that an association exists between PBDE levels in breast milk and cryptorchidism in boys, but we should be cautious of this interpretation, given that Main et al. (2007) may not have adequately addressed potential confounders.
Preprocedural C-reactive protein levels are not associated with restenosis after successful coronary stenting: Results from the GENERATION study
Authors: Michael N. Zairis, John A. Ambrose, Olga Papadaki, Alexander Stefanidis, Denis Vitalis, Stavros Manousakis, Demetrios Petropoulos, Evangelos Tsanis, Evangelos Pissimissis, Christopher Olympios, Denis Cokkinos, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Consultation Guide
Authors: David Macpherson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 April 2000The Consultation GuideDavid Macpherson, MDDavid Macpherson, MDVeterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Macpherson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ladenson PW. 600 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. $49.00 ISBN 0683305255. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: General internal medicine and primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To guide primary care physicians in referring patients to consultants and to enhance communication between primary care physicians and consultants.Content: The book covers more than 500 clinical problems that might require referral, including established diseases (such as acromegaly), patient symptoms (such as dyspnea), physical findings (such as diastolic murmurs), and test abnormalities (such as hypercalcemia). For each problem, a one- or two-page outline offers advice on ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Macpherson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 8Page: 684KeywordsDyspneaHealth careHypercalcemiaInpatientsPrimary care physiciansResearch laboratoriesSigns and symptomsSoftware toolsSub-specialty careVeteran care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 April 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EFFECTS OF CYTOTOXIC AGENTS ON THE FETUS
Authors: Harvey Rothberg
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The paper by Sokal and Lessmann inThe Journal, April 16, page 1765, on the effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents on the human fetus is a valuable contribution, but I believe that the statement in their summary that "other drugs (than aminopterin) have proved far less toxic for the fetus than would have been anticipated from theoretical considerations or animal experiments" is misleading and potentially dangerous. The animal data indicate that antimetabolites are likely to cause abortion and resorption of embryos if administered early in gestation and fetal malformation if administered later during the major period of organogenesis (i. e., 10th to 12th day in the rat). These periods correspond roughly to the first trimester of human pregnancy, particularly to the first eight weeks. The second third of the 22-day rat pregnancy is not comparable to the second trimester of human pregnancy. Only three patients given 6-mercaptopurine
Agglomerative Epigenetic Aberrations Are a Common Event in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Petr Novak, Taylor Jensen, Marc M. Oshiro, George S. Watts, Christina J. Kim, Bernard W. Futscher
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Changes in DNA methylation patterns are a common characteristic of cancer cells. Recent studies suggest that DNA methylation affects not only discrete genes, but it can also affect large chromosomal regions, potentially leading to LRES. It is unclear whether such long-range epigenetic events are relatively rare or frequent occurrences in cancer. Here, we use a high-resolution promoter tiling array approach to analyze DNA methylation in breast cancer specimens and normal breast tissue to address this question. We identified 3,506 cancer-specific differentially methylated regions (DMR) in human breast cancer with 2,033 being hypermethylation events and 1,473 hypomethylation events. Most of these DMRs are recurrent in breast cancer; 90% of the identified DMRs occurred in at least 33% of the samples. Interestingly, we found a nonrandom spatial distribution of aberrantly methylated regions across the genome that showed a tendency to concentrate in relatively small genomic regions. Such agglomerates of hypermethylated and hypomethylated DMRs spanned up to several hundred kilobases and were frequently found at gene family clusters. The hypermethylation events usually occurred in the proximity of the transcription start site in CpG island promoters, whereas hypomethylation events were frequently found in regions of segmental duplication. One example of a newly discovered agglomerate of hypermethylated DMRs associated with gene silencing in breast cancer that we examined in greater detail involved the protocadherin gene family clusters on chromosome 5 (PCDHA, PCDHB, and PCDHG). Taken together, our results suggest that agglomerative epigenetic aberrations are frequent events in human breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8616–25]
Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: John P. Conway
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE COMBINATION of an effective external cardiac defibrillator, as developed by Zoll and his associates,<sup>1</sup>and closed-chest cardiac massage technique as proposed by Kouwenhoven et al,<sup>2</sup>has been employed successfully in resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation.<sup>3-5</sup> Seventeen cases of ventricular fibrillation due to coronary disease have recently been managed by this combined method at 500 bed Methodist Hospital in Memphis with four long-term survivals. It is our purpose to consider the experience gained from these patients. In all cases, the combined method was employed. Prompt ventilation, removal of the patient when necessary to a firm surface, and the institution of external massage were carried out. The interval between onset of arrest and institution of treatment, averaged 2 minutes; it never exceeded 4 minutes. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular fibrillation was then established and intracardiac adrenalin was injected, followed by the administration of electric counter-shock. Tracheal intubation was effected as