tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Psychopathology Scores in the Prognosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Panayotis Trikas, Ioannis Vlachonikolis, George Samonis, Ioannis Askoxilakis, Dimitris Tsiftsis, Katerina Koutsoubi, Nicholas Paritsis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

Research findings regarding the influence of psychopathology on cancer progression are not yet clear. This preliminary report investigates the severity of psychopathology assessed before biopsy in patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and its association with two follow-up outcomes: disease-free (to first recurrence) and survival periods.The psychiatric assessment of 80 patients under 70 years old was established by means of an interview before biopsy. The DSM-IV criteria were used to establish the past and current psychiatric diagnoses. The Present State Examination (PSE)-Index of Definition (ID)-computer program (CATEGO) was used to define total PSE score, clusters of psychiatric symptoms (psychiatric syndromes) and current clinical severity (ID). The independent influence of biological prognostic factors and psychiatric variables on first recurrence or survival period was tested using Cox's proportional hazards regression model.After biopsy, 38 IBC patients were followed up for 3 to 8-1/3 years. During this period, 8 patients died from IBC and 7 were alive with metastatic disease. Cox's proportional hazards regression analyses showed that tumor diameter and low ID were independent significant predictors of early recurrence, whereas tumor diameter, negative estrogen receptors and low ID were independent significant predictors of survival.A low prebiopsy psychopathology score in IBC is a predictor of early recurrence and short survival.
Estimated Number of Adults With Prediabetes in the U.S. in 2000
Authors: Stephanie M. Benjamin, Rodolfo Valdez, Linda S. Geiss, Deborah B. Rolka, K.M. Venkat Narayan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the percent and number of overweight adults in the U.S. with prediabetes who would be potential candidates for diabetes prevention as per the American Diabetes Association Position Statement (12). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994) and projected our estimates to the year 2000. We defined impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting glucose 110–125 mg/dl), and prediabetes (IGT or IFG) per American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The ADA recently recommended that all overweight people (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) who are ≥45 years of age with prediabetes could be potential candidates for diabetes prevention, as could prediabetic people aged &amp;gt;25 years with risk factors. In NHANES III, 2-h postload glucose concentrations were done only among subjects aged 40–74 years. Because we were interested in overweight people who had both the 2-h glucose and fasting glucose tests, we limited our estimates of IGT, IFG, and prediabetes to those aged 45–74 years. RESULTS—Overall, 17.1% of overweight adults aged 45–74 years had IGT, 11.9% had IFG, 22.6% had prediabetes, and 5.6% had both IGT and IFG. Based on those data, we estimated that in the year 2000, 9.1 million overweight adults aged 45–74 had IGT, 5.8 million had IFG, 11.9 million had prediabetes, and 3.0 million had IGT and IFG. CONCLUSIONS—Almost 12 million overweight individuals aged 45–74 years in the U.S. may benefit from diabetes prevention interventions. The number will be substantially higher if estimation is extended to individuals aged &amp;gt;75 and 25–44 years.
Working group 8: Defining the different types of cardiovascular specialists and developing a new model for training general clinical cardiologists
Authors: Valentin Fuster, John W. Hirshfeld, Alan S. Brown, Bruce H. Brundage, W.Bruce Fye, Richard P. Lewis, Ira S. Nash, Michael H. Sketch, George W. Vetrovec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Acute Renal Failure, Diabetes Mellitus, and Scanning
Authors: ANDREW F. BEREZIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Acute Renal Failure, Diabetes Mellitus, and ScanningANDREW F. BEREZINANDREW F. BEREZINSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-829_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent article by Weinrauch and associates (1) reported the precipitation of acute renal failure in diabetic patients by coronary angiography. I have seen a patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus develop acute renal failure after a contrast study, which was part of a computed tomography scan procedure.A 73-year-old black woman had had adult onset diabetes for 30 years (with presumed Kimmelstiel-Wilson renal disease). Her treatment consisted of 20 units of NPH insulin daily. In addition, her hypertension was treated with clonidine, 0.1 mg twice daily. Her blood sugar level was usually about 200 mg/dl. Blood urea...Reference1. WEINRAUCHHEALYLELAND LRO: Coronary angiography and acute renal failure in diabetic azotemic nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 86:56-59, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA 02118 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTechnique of CT and MR ExaminationsComputertomographische und kernspintomographische UntersuchungstechnikRisk Factors in NephrotoxicityLow risk of contrast media-induced acute renal failure in nonazotemic type 2 diabetes mellitusFatal Reaction Following Renal Angiography and Biopsy in Diabetic Patients with AzotemiaNewer Nephrotoxic AgentsComputertomographische UntersuchungstechnikTechnique of CT ExaminationAcute renal failure following cerebral angiography and infusion computerized tomographyEvaluating Computed Tomography 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 829-830KeywordsAcute renal failureBloodBlood sugarComputed axial tomographyDiabetes mellitusHypertensionInsulinRenal diseasesType 2 diabetesUrea Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preoperative laser therapy in a patient with resectable bronchogenic carcinoma and severe coronary artery disease.
Authors: J Powney, A D Scott, P J George, R O Feneck, J Wright, N C Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A 67 year old man with severe coronary artery disease was found to have a resectable bronchogenic carcinoma. Myocardial revascularisation and lung resection were considered to be unduly hazardous as either separate or combined operations. Preoperative laser therapy, however, enabled the two procedures to be performed in greater safety in the most appropriate sequence.
Treatment of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis with Oral Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Authors: G. Sandler, P. A. Parish
Journal: BMJ (1958)

TRIAL OF AZACYCLONOLMBRm 377was small (60 mg.daily).More important was an intrinsic defect in our method of assessment, which resulted in the apparent superiority of the placebo to the drug.We think that the explanation lies in the stimulant effect of the drug (equivalent to Feldman's observation of " turbulence "), which made the'patient's mental disturbance more obvious in the interview situation.That this can also be true of reserpine we can confirm from personal experience.But, even allowing for these criticisms of our method, our results do suggest that azacyclonol is unlikely to be a very useful drug in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.The results of our clinical trial seem promising enough to warrant a more extensive trial of the drug in cases of acute schizophrenia and alcoholic hallucinosis.One difficulty in evaluating drug therapy of such acute cases is that a proportion remit spontaneously and no precise criteria are yet available for indicating which patients should have azacyclonol.Some later American papers-for example, Cohen and Parlour ( 1956)-suggested that azacyclonol had very little anti-hallucinatory effect.Our experience suggests that hallucinatory experience of recent onset, whether schizophrenic or toxic, is an indication for treatment with azacyclonol.The only report of any toxic side-effect of azacyclonol is contained in the paper by Forster and Henderson (1957).They found elevation of the non-protein nitrogen in 11 out of 18 patients treated with azacyclonol.We have found similar changes in two patients: One of these was later shown to have signs indicative of chronic nephritis.However, the blood urea nitrogen did fall later to near normal levels when the dose of azacyclonol was reduced. SummaryWe have described a controlled trial of azacyclonol in 40 chronic schizophrenic patients.The results suggest that azacyclonol is not going to be of great value in the treatment of this type of patient.We subsequently treated 18 patients (16 schizophrenics, 2 toxic hallucinatory states) with azacyclonol.The illness was of more recent onset in these patients than in those involved in the controlled trial: 13 patients improved and 6 have since left hospital.Our clinical impression is that azacyclonol has a central stimulant action and that part of the poor result of the drug in the controlled trial was due to the masking effects of excitement and overactivity.The only toxic effect observed was a rise of blood urea nitrogen in two patients out of a group of four who were subjected to detailed study.In one patient the elevation was not of significant degree, and in the other patient evidence of chronic nephritis was later established.We thank Dr. T. A. Munro, physician-superintendent, for his
R.E.S.P.E.C.T.---why doctors are still getting enough of it
Authors: Z. Kmietovicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It seems to be something of a hobby for newspapers around the world to hammer the medical profession. You can almost guarantee that wherever you are in the world and whatever newspaper you happen to unfold there will be something inside it about doctors' mistakes, misdemeanours, and mendacity.

So how has this negative publicity affected the public's opinion of the profession? If the media are as powerful as many people believe, the drip, drip of bad news should have resulted in a dive in patients' trust in doctors.

Yet an inquiry by the BMJ covering seven countries shows that, in most places, respect for doctors is extremely high and has not altered noticeably over the past 10 years. The only exception seems to be Germany, where the pedestal on which doctors have been put remains high—though it is now slightly beneath, rather than above, the clouds.

There, doctors are losing some status, although they are still by far the most prestigious profession. In a recent poll they beat their nearest rivals—priests—by nearly 30% with 74% of the public claiming they have the …
Detection of tissue kallikrein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic subjects.
Authors: S C Christiansen, D Proud, C G Cochrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Kininogenase activity was detected by cleavage of radiolabeled substrate (125I-high molecular weight kininogen [HMWK]) in 22 of 24 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from 17 asthmatics who either responded to aerosolized allergen challenge or had symptoms of active asthma. In contrast, six of seven normal controls lacked enzymatic activity. Levels of free immunoreactive kinin found in BAL fluid correlated with the presence of kininogenase activity (P = 0.002). The cleavage pattern of 125I-HMWK by the BAL fluid kininogenase (a dominant 65,000-mol wt fragment), and synthetic inhibitor profile (phe-phe-arg-CH2Cl and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) were compatible with a tissue kallikrein. Peak kininogenase activity eluted at an apparent molecular weight of 20,000-34,000 by HPLC gel filtration. Its antigenic identity was established by immunoblotting with anti-human urinary kallikrein antibody and its activity was inhibited by this antibody. Lysylbradykinin was generated during incubation of fractionated BAL fluid and purified HMWK, the characteristic cleavage product of the tissue kallikreins. We conclude that elevated amounts of tissue kallikrein and kinin are present in the bronchoalveolar spaces of asthmatic subjects. Kinin generation may contribute to the asthmatic response directly through edema formation and smooth muscle contraction and by augmenting release and/or production of preformed (histamine) and secondary mediators such as leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor.
Late cytomegalovirus disease and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants: importance of viral load and T-cell immunity
Authors: Michael Boeckh, Wendy Leisenring, Stanley R. Riddell, Raleigh A. Bowden, Meei-Li Huang, David Myerson, Terry Stevens-Ayers, Mary E. D. Flowers, Terri Cunningham, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Blood (2002)
Loperamide to Diagnose Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Bruno Ambrosi, Domenico Bochicchio, Paolo Colombo, Carlo Fadin, Giovanni Faglia
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with great interest the article by Yanovski et al.<sup>1</sup>Yanovski et al report that the dexamethasone— corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test is a useful test to distinguish patients with Cushing's syndrome from those with a pseudo-Cushing's state. In fact, in the experience of Yanovski et al, the evaluation of cortisol levels 15 minutes after CRH injection, performed after the low-dose dexamethasone test, yields 100% sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, Yanovski et al recommend its use as a more accurate procedure to distinguish Cushing's syndrome. In recent years, we proposed the use of loperamide hydrochloride for screening patients with suspected hypercortisolism. Loperamide is a drug that acts as an opiate agonist and is able to inhibit corticotropin levels in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease, but not in patients with Cushing's syndrome.<sup>2</sup>In fact, the opioidergic control of corticotropin secretion is operating
Pre-clinical testing of malignant fibroblast activation protein-specific re-directed T cells for treatment of pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Petra C Schuberth, Christian Hagedorn, Shawn M Jensen, Pratiksha Gulati, Osiris Marroquin Belaunzaran, Alex Soltermann, Astrid Jüngel, Christoph Renner, Ulf Petrausch
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable malignant disease that results mostly from chronic exposition to asbestos. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is predominantly expressed on the surface of reactive tumor-associated fibroblasts and on particular cancer types.
Endogenous blockade of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-receptor binding in New World primate cells.
Authors: M A Gacad, J S Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

When assessed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2-D3)-receptor (VDR) binding analysis or 1,25(OH)2-D3-VDR-directed bioresponsiveness, cultured cells from some New World primates (platyrrhines) demonstrate a variable decrement in VDR when compared with Old World primate (catarrhine) cells. To study this difference in VDR expression among primates, we performed immunoblot analysis of the VDR in cultured dermal fibroblasts from platyrrhines in the genera Pithecia and Aotus and from catarrhines in the genus Presbytis; although a platyrrhine, the owl monkey (Aotus) expresses a VDR of the catarrhine (wild type) phenotype. Despite a 10-fold difference in the content of VDR by ligand binding analysis among cells from the three prototypic primate genera, there was a less than or equal to 10% difference in the steady-state level of 50-kD VDR detected by immunoblot analysis of cellular extracts. We investigated this apparent discrepancy in the content of VDR in immunoblots and ligand binding analyses by mixing VDR-containing nuclear extracts of equivalent protein concentration from the various primates. Coincubation of Pithecia and Aotus fibroblast extracts with Presbytis extract diminished specific 1,25(OH)2-D3 binding in the mix by 90% and 95% respectively. Similar results were obtained by mixing nuclear extracts of the owl monkey cell line, OMK, and the vitamin D resistant marmoset B-lymphoblast cell line B95-8. A wild type 1,25(OH)2-D3-binding profile was restored in mixtures after trypsin or heat treatment of the B95-8 extract. These data indicate that some New World primate cells contain a soluble protein that prevents intracellular 1,25(OH)2-D3-VDR binding. It is possible that the quantitative differences in the expression of this protein are responsible for 1,25(OH)2-D3 and other steroid hormone resistant states of variable severity in New World primates.
Impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. What best predicts future diabetes in Mauritius?
Authors: J E Shaw, P Z Zimmet, M de Courten, G K Dowse, P Chitson, H Gareeboo, F Hemraj, D Fareed, J Tuomilehto, K G Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting plasma glucose level 6.1-6.9 mmol/l) can predict future type 2 diabetes as accurately as does impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 2-h plasma glucose level 7.8-11.0 mmol/l). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal population-based study was performed with surveys in 1987 and 1992 on the island of Mauritius, assessing diabetes status by the oral glucose tolerance test. A total of 3,717 subjects took part in both surveys. Of these subjects, 3,229 were not diabetic in 1987 and formed the basis of this study. RESULTS: At baseline, there were 607 subjects with IGT and 266 subjects with IFG. There were 297 subjects who developed diabetes by 1992. For predicting progression to type 2 diabetes, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were 26, 94, and 29% for IFG and 50, 84, and 24% for IGT, respectively. Only 26% of subjects that progressed to type 2 diabetes were predicted by their IFG values, but a further 35% could be identified by also considering IGT. The sensitivities were 24% for IFG and 37% for IGT in men and 26% for IFG and 66% for IGT in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the higher sensitivity of IGT over IFG for predicting progression to type 2 diabetes. Screening by the criteria for IFG alone would identify fewer people who subsequently progress to type 2 diabetes than would the oral glucose tolerance test.
Primary peristalsis is the major acid clearance mechanism in reflux patients.
Authors: A Anggiansah, G Taylor, N Bright, J Wang, W A Owen, T Rokkas, A R Jones, W J Owen
Journal: Gut (1994)

This study examined the clearance of gastric acid from the oesophagus in ambulant patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Eighteen patients with proved reflux disease were studied, nine with (group 1) and nine without (group 2) endoscopic oesophagitis. Oesophageal pressure and pH were recorded over 24 hours. Pressures were measured by a probe with five sensors: a 5 cm long sensor in the lower oesophageal sphincter, three sensors in the body of the oesophagus, and one at the pharynx to detect swallowing. Oesophageal pH was monitored 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. Manometric activities were classified as either peristaltic or ineffective. The latter included simultaneous, non-transmitted, and low amplitude peristaltic contractions. A reflux episode was defined as starting when pH fell to less than 4 and ending when the pH rose to 5. When the rise to pH 5 took place in three or more discrete steps after motor responses to gastro-oesophageal reflux, the pH steps were labelled as initial change (I), middle changes (M), and last change (L). A total of 595 episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux and 1626 associated motor events were analysed. Of these, 1331 (81.9%) were classed as primary peristaltic activity, 174 (10.7%) as primary ineffective activity, 46 (2.8%) as secondary peristaltic activity, and 75 (4.6%) as secondary ineffective activity. There were no significant differences in initial change (p > 0.05), middle changes (p > 0.05), and last change (p > 0.05) between group 1 and group 2. In all patients, the successive changes of pH in response to motor activity were significantly different (p = 0.0001) between initial, middle, and last changes. Last change was significantly higher when compared with initial (p=0.001) and middle changes (p<0.001). Primary oesophageal peristalsis was the most frequent motor response to gastro-oesophageal reflux. The last motor activity during reflux showed the greatest change in pH.
The Successful Treatment of Hay Fever and Pollen Asthma
Authors: ALEXANDER STERLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 September 1932The Successful Treatment of Hay Fever and Pollen AsthmaALEXANDER STERLING, M.D.ALEXANDER STERLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-3-400 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDesensitization with pollen extracts for hay fever patients has been in vogue for the last fifteen years. The method originally conceived by Walker, Cooke, and others has not changed a great deal over that period and even now the treatment by the general practitioner of patients with hay fever and hay fever and asthma consists of a series of fifteen injections at weekly intervals. There has been so much controversy regarding beginning and protective doses, types of doses, etc., that there scarcely seems a way for the general practitioner to determine preference for any of the so-called "treatment sets" now... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySpezieller TeilAsthma bronchialeDas Heufieber 1 September 1932Volume 6, Issue 3Page: 400-405KeywordsAsthmaFeversPollen Issue Published: 1 September 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Maintenance dose of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison between a standard and a response-related flexible regimen.
Authors: H F Hill, A G Hill, A T Day, R M Brown, J R Golding, W H Lyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

There is much individual variation in the response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to penicillamine, some patients deriving benefit from very small doses. A dose of 750 mg daily is widely regarded as standard, and, while their RA commonly responds, many patients discontinue treatment because of adverse reactions to penicillamine. A more flexible prescribing policy might be more successful in the long term and was tested in 1 group of 20 patients, another receiving a 9standard9 regimen, each beginning treatment at a low dose level. Of those who were given increases of dose only if response was poor 17 completed 1 year of treatment on an average maintenance dose of 308 mg daily, but only 11 of the other group on an average dose 613 mg daily. Proteinuria, which was found only in the latter group accounted for 6 withdrawals, all at doses of 625 mg daily or above. The reduction in rheumatoid activity appeared to be of about the same degree among the members of both groups who completed 12 months of treatment. Penicillamine should be given initially in a low dose and this should be raised only if there is lack of response after at least 4 weeks.
One in 10 doctors admits using sunbeds as hospital admissions for skin cancer rise
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of hospital admissions for skin cancer treatment has increased by 41% in England in the past five years, a new study has shown.

The study by Public Health England was presented at the World Congress on Cancers of the Skin, held in Edinburgh on 3-6 September, along with the findings of a small survey of UK doctors, which showed that some take part in activities that increase their risk of developing skin cancer, such as using sunbeds.

Public Health England’s figures showed 123 808 admissions to hospitals for skin …