tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keratinocyte growth factor increases surfactant pool sizes in premature rabbits.
Authors: M Ikegami, A H Jobe, A M Havill
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a recently described 19-kD glycoprotein that is a mitogen for epithelial-derived tissue and is expressed during embryonic tissue differentiation. We investigated whether human recombinant KGF (rKGF) could increase alveolar and lung-tissue saturated phosphatidyl-choline (Sat PC) in preterm rabbits delivered at 28.5 d gestation. Preterm rabbits were given 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg rKGF by tracheal injection at 30 min of age. Lung tissue and total lung (alveolar plus lung tissue) Sat PC increased by 48 h (5 and 10 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and 72 h (1 and 10 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). A single intravascular or intramuscular dose of 10 mg/kg rKGF also increased long tissue and total-lung Sat PC by 48 h (p < 0.01). A single dose of rKGF given shortly after birth to preterm rabbits increased lung Sat PC in the preterm rabbits.
Persistence of depressive symptoms in diabetic adults.
Authors: M Peyrot, R R Rubin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level and pattern of persistent depressive symptoms among adults with diabetes and identify factors associated with increased risk of being persistently depressed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A self-report depression symptom inventory was administered to 245 patients at two initial time points--the beginning and end of a comprehensive outpatient diabetes education program--and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Only 13% of subjects were persistently depressed (i.e., exceeded the criterion for depression symptoms at all three time points). The rate of being depressed at follow-up was 10% for those negative for depression symptoms at either of the initial time points, 36% for those positive at one initial time point, and 73% for those positive at both initial time points (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Those at increased risk for being persistently depressed were those who did not graduate from high school, had more than two complications of diabetes, and were not treated with insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent depressive symptomatology is present in a substantial number of diabetic adults and can be effectively predicted using simple screening instruments during initial contacts. Risk factors for being persistently depressed only partly overlap those for transient depressive symptoms and represent a possible biological dimension.
Effectively Delivering the Message on Infant Sleep Position
Authors: Michael H. Malloy
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2632: SAHA loosens chromatin structure and increases DNA damage in human lung cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide
Authors: Chia-Wen Chien, Ju-Hsien Yao, Shih-Yu Chang, Pei-Chih Lee, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and relapsed APL has been well-documented. ATO may cause DNA damage through the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. Histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), modulates gene or protein expression via histone dependent or independent pathway that may result in chromatin decondensation, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. The objective of this study is to investigate whether ATO and SAHA could synergistically enhanced cell killing to cancer cells. The present studies showed that combined treatment with ATO and SAHA results in enhanced suppression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) H1299 cells in vitro and in xenograft mouse model. By analyzing the annexin V positive cells, apoptotic cell death is significantly enhanced in combined treatment. At the doses used, ATO does not interfere with the cell cycle progression, whereas SAHA induces the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and leads to G1 arrest. By the aid of Comet assay, we demonstrated that ATO induces DNA breaks in H1299 cells, but not SAHA. However, co-treatment with SAHA and ATO significantly increases ATO-induced DNA damage. Moreover, SAHA enhances acetylation of histone H3 and sensitize genomic DNA to DNase I digestion. Our present results suggest that SAHA may result in chromatin relaxation, and lead to cells become more susceptible to ATO for causing DNA damage. Therefore, combination of SAHA with ATO may provide effective approach to treatment of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2632. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2632
Is Animal Experimentation Being Threatened by Animal Rights Groups?
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Rosner expresses concern that increased activities by animal protection groups in the past several decades have culminated in proposed federal legislation that might result in restrictions on animal research and might interfere with the kinds of research that could be conducted. He briefly discusses the provisions of recent and pending bills; the policies of various government agencies on animal experimentation; and the response of professional groups in disseminating their views, suggesting alternatives to animal research, and considering self regulation.
Health Care Decision Making for Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Stanley S. Herr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

PHYSICIANS, in their concern for informed consent, must sometimes seek substituted consent to treatment. Yet one of those means, guardianship, is a legal institution in danger of collapse. For individuals allegedly incompetent because of advanced age, mental illness, or mental retardation, guardianship is a device for obtaining substituted consent to medical treatment, managing personal property, and gaining plenary authority over virtually every aspect of financial and personal decision making. To its critics, it is a "dangerously burdened and troubled system that regularly puts elderly lives in the hands of others with little or no evidence of necessity, then fails to guard against abuse, theft, and neglect."<sup>1</sup>Guardianships can intrude on fundamental liberty and privacy rights, fail to limit the scope of the guardian's authority, deny procedural safeguards, and lack adequate monitoring and periodic review.<sup>2-4</sup> With informed consent a requirement of both the common law and the Omnibus Budget
TCTAP C-214 Coronary Intervention to Grafted Left Anterior Descending Artery Lesions Using Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Rie Mizobata, Yasuhiro Nakano, Arihide Okahara, Daigo Mine, Yasuaki Koga, Keiki Yoshida, Kenji Sadamatsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Tumors of the Endolymphatic Sac in von Hippel–Lindau Disease
Authors: Russell R. Lonser, H. Jeffrey Kim, John A. Butman, Alexander O. Vortmeyer, Daniel I. Choo, Edward H. Oldfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This Brief Report describes three patients with von Hippel–Lindau disease who had hearing loss due to a microscopic tumor of the endolymphatic sac. In two patients, the tumor cells contained a muta...
Demonstration of a unique viral structure: the molluscum viral colony sac
Authors: W.B. SHELLEY, VERONIKA BURMEISTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Using scanning electron microscopy to study molluscum contagiosum lesions, it has been possible to demonstrate a unique, well defined sac enclosing the virion colony of each infected keratinocyte. This confirms the presence of a structure demonstrated over 50 years ago by micro‐dissection, but ignored since it is not seen on either light or transmission electron microscopy. It is postulated that this sac, of unknown origin, favours replication of the virions by providing a site that is both anatomically and immunologically privileged. Such relatively unimpeded growth of the virions results in an enlarged cell in which the cytoplasm and nucleus are compressed into a thin outer shell. In the aggregate, this produces a tumour of virus‐packed cells rather than a tumour composed of virus‐induced cell hyperplasia.
Diseases of Uric Acid Metabolism.
Authors: J. Edwin Seegmiller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Diseases of Uric Acid Metabolism.J. Edwin Seegmiller, M.D.J. Edwin Seegmiller, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-844_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMost of the clinical manifestations of gouty arthritis can be directly related to the limited solubility of uric acid and its salts in biological fluids. Deposition of crystals of monosodium urate in and about the joints, tendons, and renal parenchyma gives rise to the acute attacks of gout and joint destruction and contributes to the renal damage of this disease. Deposits of free uric acid at the lower pH encountered in the urinary tract also contribute to renal damage and a rate of renal calculus formation around a thousand times that of the general population. The underlying hyperuricemia results from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: La Jolla, Calif. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 844-844KeywordsArthritisGoutKidney stonesRenal diseasesSaltsTendonsUric acid Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Extent of Perfusion–F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Mismatch Determines Mortality in Medically Treated Patients With Chronic Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Alessandro Desideri, Lauro Cortigiani, Alejandra Ines Christen, Sebastian Coscarelli, Dario Gregori, Pierluigi Zanco, Roman Komorovsky, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
The Mentally Ill as Motor Vehicle Operators
Authors: ALFRED CRANCER, DENNIS L. QUIRING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Driving records of 271 people hospitalized for schizophrenic, psychoneurotic, and personality disorders were compared with those of 687,228 people in the same general driving environment. Patients with personality and psychoneurotic disorders had higher rates than the control population for accidents and injury accidents; those with schizophrenic disorders, similar rates. The study group had more traffic violations, as well as different violation distributions, than the control population. Patients with psychoneurotic and personality disorders had similar distributions of violations, while the schizophrenic group showed a different pattern.
The effects of alpha tocopherol supplementation on monocyte function. Decreased lipid oxidation, interleukin 1 beta secretion, and monocyte adhesion to endothelium.
Authors: S Devaraj, D Li, I Jialal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Low levels of alpha tocopherol are related to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased intake appears to afford protection against cardiovascular disease. In addition to decreasing LDL oxidation, alpha tocopherol may exert intracellular effects on cells crucial in atherogenesis, such as monocytes. Hence, the aim of this study was to test the effect of alpha tocopherol supplementation on monocyte function relevant to atherogenesis. Monocyte function was assessed in 21 healthy subjects at baseline, after 8 wk of supplementation with d-alpha tocopherol (1,200 IU/d) and after a 6-wk washout phase. The release of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide), lipid oxidation, release of the potentially atherogenic cytokine, interleukin 1 beta, and monocyte-endothelial adhesion were studied in the resting state and after activation of the monocytes with lipopolysaccharide at 0, 8, and 14 wk. There was a 2.5-fold increase in plasma lipid-standardized and monocyte alpha tocopherol levels in the supplemented phase. After alpha tocopherol supplementation, there were significant decreases in release of reactive oxygen species, lipid oxidation, IL-1 beta secretion, and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, both in resting and activated cells compared with baseline and washout phases. Studies with the protein kinase C inhibitor, Calphostin C, suggest that the inhibition of reactive oxygen species release and lipid oxidation is due to an inhibition of protein kinase C activity by alpha tocopherol. Thus, this study provides novel evidence for an intracellular effect of alpha tocopherol in monocytes that is antiatherogenic.
Failure To Detect Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: John F. Reinus, Enid L. Leikin, Harvey J. Alter, Ling Cheung, Michiko Shindo, Betsy Jett, Steve Piazza, J. Wai-Kuo Shih
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To search for transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from infected mothers to their infants. Design: Prospective clinical, serologic, and molecular biologic follow-up (at least 3 months) of the infants of mothers with anti-HCV antibody. Setting: A county hospital providing primary and referral care in high-risk obstetrics (perinatology). Patients: Twenty-three mothers with anti-HCV antibody and their 24 infants. Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) and a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) were used to test for anti-HCV antibody; serum HCV RNA was measured in two independent laboratories by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using nested primers in the 5′-noncoding region. Infant samples were tested for HCV RNA by PCR at delivery and after 3 to 6 months of follow-up. Each sample was tested at least four times in two independent laboratories. Results: Twenty-nine of 648 mothers (4.5%; 95% Cl, 3.0% to 6.4%) had anti-HCV antibody; these women had 30 babies. Twenty-three mothers and their 24 babies were followed at least 3 months (mean follow-up, 52 weeks). Of the 23 mothers, 21 (91%; Cl, 72% to 99%) had a reactive RIBA; one woman had an indeterminate RIBA and was positive for HCV RNA by PCR. In 16 of 23 mothers (70%; Cl, 47% to 87%), PCR yielded a positive result in both laboratories. The mean maternal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 1.6 times the normal value. All the babies had anti-HCV antibody in cord-blood samples, but antibody disappeared or diminished in strength in interval samples, and no infant had evidence of active production of anti-HCV antibody. Only 1 of 24 (4%; Cl, 0.1% to 21%) cord-blood samples was HCV RNA positive, and none of 24 (0%; Cl, 0% to 14%) follow-up samples was positive for HCV RNA by PCR in either laboratory. Four mothers and one baby had antibody to HIV. Conclusions: Infant anti-HCV antibody is most likely acquired passively in utero, and vertical transmission of HCV is uncommon.
Regional cerebral blood flow changes in patients with cirrhosis assessed with 99mTc-HM-PAO single-photon emission computed tomography: effect of liver transplantation
Authors: Mauro Dam, Patrizia Burra, Umberto Tedeschi, Annachiara Cagnin, Franca Chierichetti, Mario Ermani, Giorgio Ferlin, Remo Naccarato, Gilberto Pizzolato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Elevated Ambulatory and Normal Office Blood Pressure
Authors: Arthur G. Goldman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters16 May 2000Elevated Ambulatory and Normal Office Blood PressureArthur G. Goldman, MDArthur G. Goldman, MDBronx, NY 10462 (Goldman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Liu and colleagues' article on elevated ambulatory and normal office blood pressure (1).Their finding of “white coat normotension” can be explained quite simply by their practice of restricting the clinic blood pressure to the one obtained after the patient has been in the supine position for 10 to 15 minutes.The classic “postural reflex” results in an increase in diastolic pressure in many patients in the erect position. In my 40 years of experience, this elevated diastolic pressure is the earliest manifestation of hypertension and is the pressure most sensitive to an ...Reference1. Liu JE, Roman MJ, Pini R, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG, Devereux RB. Cardiac and arterial target organ damage in adults with elevated ambulatory and normal office blood pressure. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:564-72. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur G. Goldman, MDAffiliations: Bronx, NY 10462 (Goldman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCardiac and Arterial Target Organ Damage in Adults with Elevated Ambulatory and Normal Office Blood Pressure Jennifer E. Liu , Mary J. Roman , Riccardo Pini , Joseph E. Schwartz , Thomas G. Pickering , and Richard B. Devereux Elevated Ambulatory and Normal Office Blood Pressure Thomas G. Pickering , Jennifer E. Liu , and Mary J. Roman Metrics 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10Page: 842KeywordsBlood pressureHypertensionReflexesSalts ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: questionnaire survey of health professionals
Authors: M. Petrovic
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health professionals regarding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, particularly the second dose. <b>Design:</b> Self administered postal questionnaire survey. <b>Setting:</b> North Wales Health Authority, 1998. <b>Participants:</b> 148 health visitors, 239 practice nurses, and 206 general practitioners. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Respondents9 views on MMR vaccination, including their views on the likelihood of an association with autism and Crohn9s disease and on who is the best person to give advice to parents, whether they agree with the policy of a second dose of the vaccine, and how confident they are in explaining the rationale behind the second dose. <b>Results:</b> Concerning the second dose of the vaccine, 48% of the professionals (220/460) had reservations and 3% (15) disagreed with the policy of giving it. Over half the professionals nominated health visitors as the best initial source of advice on the second vaccine. 61% of health visitors (86/140), compared with 46% of general practitioners (73/158), reported feeling very confident about explaining the rationale of a two dose schedule to a well informed parent, but only 20% (28/138) would unequivocally recommend the second dose to a wavering parent. 33% of the practice nurses (54/163) stated that the MMR vaccine was very likely or possibly associated with Crohn9s disease and 27% (44/164) that it was associated with autism. Nearly a fifth of general practitioners (27/158) reported that they had not read the MMR section in the "green book," and 29% (44/152) reported that they had not received the Health Education Authority9s factsheet on MMR immunisation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Knowledge and practice among health professionals regarding the second dose of the MMR vaccine vary widely. Many professionals are not aware of or do not use the good written resources that exist, though local educational initiatives could remedy this.
Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A multicenter validation study
Authors: Ariel E. Feldstein, Anna Wieckowska, Rocio A. Lopez, Yao-Chang Liu, Nizar N. Zein, Arthur J. McCullough
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We have recently demonstrated that plasma cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) fragment levels correlate with the magnitude of hepatocyte apoptosis and independently predict the presence of NASH. The goal of this study was to validate the use of this biomarker for NASH diagnosis. The study was an ancillary study of the NASH Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN). Our cohort consisted of 139 patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from eight CRN participant centers across the United States and 150 age-matched healthy controls. CK-18 fragments were measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histology was assessed centrally by study pathologists. CK-18 fragments were markedly increased in patients with NASH versus those without NASH and borderline diagnosis (median [25th, 75th percentile], 335 [196, 511], 194 [151, 270], 200 [148, 284], respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the odds of having fibrosis on liver biopsy increased with increasing plasma CK-18 fragment levels ( P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, CK-18 fragments remained an independent predictor of NASH after adjusting for variables associated with CK-18 fragments or NASH on univariate analysis (fibrosis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, age, biopsy length). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for NASH diagnosis was estimated to be 0.83 (0.75, 0.91). Conclusion: Determination of CK-18 fragments in the blood predicts histological NASH and severity of disease in a large, diverse population of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, supporting the potential usefulness of this test in clinical practice. (Hepatology 2009.)