tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemokine antagonism in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Edgar D. Charles, Lynn B. Dustin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Immune responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) fail to clear the virus in most individuals. Why patients who are less likely to clear HCV infection have high plasma levels of CXCL10 (also known as IP-10), a chemokine that directs T cells to sites of infection, has long been unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Casrouge and colleagues shed light on this paradox by showing that CXCL10 in the plasma of many HCV patients is enzymatically processed to produce a CXCL10 receptor antagonist. These findings introduce a role for chemokine antagonism during HCV infection and unveil new avenues for improved HCV diagnosis and therapy.
Visceral afferent mechanisms and their implications for functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: M Costa
Journal: Gut (2004)

Until now, the development of effective therapies for the treatment of functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been thwarted by a general lack of knowledge about how events in the intestine are detected by visceral afferent neurones.

There are considerable gaps in our knowledge of the anatomy as well as the function and modulation of visceral afferent projections, in particular about what causes visceral hypersensitivity or abnormal sensory perception of stimuli in the gut. The field is advancing …
Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics
Authors: James M. DuBois
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of 2-acetamidophenanthrene and 2-acetamidofluorene in investigations of mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: John D. Scribner, Becky Woodworth, Gertrud Koponen, Eric H. Holmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Comparison studies have been undertaken on the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetamidofluorene (AAF) and its nonhepatocarcinogenic analog 2-acetamidophenanthrene (AAP). Previous studies have shown that amount of compound acutely and persistently bound to rat liver DNA is comparable for the two compounds following single injections into adult Fischer rats, but that AAP fails to initiate tumors in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. In this work we show that the amount of bound adduct from AAF and AAP is also comparable after three weeks of feeding compound to weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three of the adducts found in RNA of AAP-treated rats cochromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 with two adenosine adducts and one guanosine adduct prepared by reaction of the nucleosides with N-acetoxy-N-trifluoroacetyl-2-aminophenanthrene at neutrality. Because of the lack of initiating ability of AAP in liver, we have also investigated early biochemical alterations in liver after various regimens. Feeding of either AAF or AAP to male weanling rats, followed by three weeks of DDT feeding produced no alteration in either histochemically detected gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or in ganglioside complement in total liver homogenate. Partial hepatectomy after feeding of either AAF or AAP resulted in the appearance of new fucoganglioside and alteration in the distribution of the major gangliosides. DDT feeding after partial hepatectomy resulted in foci of elevated gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in AAF-fed rats but not in AAP-fed rats. These results support a previous proposal that AAP may initiate tumorigenesis in rat liver, but that the promoting regimens now in use lack the ability to cause further progression of the initiated cells. The data also suggests that ganglioside synthesis may be a more sensitive marker for early stages in carcinogenesis than are the various histochemical stains now in use.
Quality improvement report: Information given to patients before appointments and its effect on non-attendance rate
Authors: K J Hardy, S V O'Brien, N J Furlong
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem:</b> Wasted outpatient appointments as a result of clinic non-attendance, exacerbating outpatient waiting times. <b>Design:</b> Single centre, prospective, non-randomised, controlled study. <b>Background and setting:</b> Diabetes clinic in a district general hospital run by a consultant, one or two diabetes nurse specialists, a dietitian, and a podiatrist. Clinic receives 10–15 new referrals a week in a health district with a population of 340 000. <b>Key measure for improvement:</b> Non-attendance rate in 325 new patients who attended after the intervention compared with 1336 historical controls from the same clinic in the three years before the scheme. <b>Strategy for change:</b> Two weeks before their outpatient appointment new patients were sent an information pack telling them when and where to come, where to park, what to bring, who they will see, and what to expect. One week before the appointment they received a supplementary phone call. <b>Effects of change:</b> Telling patients what to expect reduced non-attendance rate overall from 15% (201/1336) to 4.6% (15/325), P&lt;0.0001. Non-attendance rate was 7.3% (13/178) in those sent a pack but not phoned and 1.4% (2/147) in those sent a pack and phoned, P=0.01. <b>Lesson learnt:</b> Giving new patients detailed information reduces non-attendance to almost 1%.
AN ADEQUATE EXAMINATION AT THE END OF THE CLINICAL COURSES
Authors: DAVID L. EDSALL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

It is obvious that the character of an examination should be determined by the purpose that that particular examination serves. An examination that is quite suitable under some circumstances may be unsuitable or inadequate under other circumstances; and, a point that is sometimes overlooked, if inadequate or unsuitable it may even do harm not only directly but also indirectly, for the character of the examination that he knows he will meet has perhaps more influence than any other factor in determining not only the amount of work that the student will do but also his attitude of mind toward the subject and his method of studying it.  When it is desired to determine simply how much detailed information each student has in one particular subject, the examination would of course be different from what would be needed if we wished to determine whether he could coordinate this information with that
A Double‐Blind Controlled Trial of Elemental Diet in Severe, Perennial Asthma
Authors: Lene Høj, O. ØSterballe, A. Bundgaard, B. Weeke, M. Weiss
Journal: Allergy (1981)

In a double‐blind controlled trial 41 hospitalized adults with severe, perennial asthma of unknown aetiology were allocated to either an antigen‐free elemental diet (Vivasorb®) or control diet, i.e. blended ordinary hospital food, for 2 weeks. At the time of entry into the trial all patients were in an active but stable phase of the disease. Medical treatment was given throughout the study as clinically indicated. Peak expiratory flow was measured hourly during the daytime and patients noted their symptoms daily on an assessment form. Validation of variables according to a scoring system indicated that the elemental diet resulted in an improvement of the patients' asthma ( P &lt; 0.05). It is concluded that elemental diet may serve as a diagnostic tool for disclosing alimentary intolerance in patients with perennial asthma.
As Others See You!
Authors: Claude M. Fuess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

ACCORDING to Boswell, Dr. Samuel Johnson had "in general a very peculiar pleasure in the company of physicians"; and in this respect, although in few others, I resemble the great lexicographer. George Bernard Shaw, on the other hand, once wrote, "Doctors are just like other Englishmen; most of them have no honor and no conscience." But in spite of this cynical opinion, I have found doctors, after some rather intimate experiences with them, to be the most enlightened, the most high-minded and unquestionably the most refreshing of professional men. They have even admitted this themselves, quite confidentially and, of course, . . .
Abstract 3068: Detection of K-RAS mutations in Korean patients using PNAClampTM KRAS
Authors: Minhye Cho, Jae-Jin Choi, Miae Oh, Heekyung Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Mutation of the K-RAS gene located in codons 12 and 13 may play an important role in prognosis of related diseases and responses to certain treatments targeting the pathway. Recent studies suggest that in colon cancer patients, K-RAS mutation status is a strong predictor of success in therapeutics of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Therefore, it is important to detect K-RAS mutations fast and accurately. To detect a minority of mutant K-RAS among abundant wild-type alleles, we have developed a highly sensitive and simple method for the detection of K-RAS mutations using PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping, PNAClampTM. PNAClampTM relies on the following two unique properties of PNA probes: 1) PNA-DNA duplexes generally have greater thermal stability than the corresponding DNA-DNA duplex; 2) PNA oligomers are not recognized by DNA polymerases and consequently can serve as a sequence-selective clamp during PCR amplification. This method is fast and accurate with a detection limit of approximately 0.1% mutant alleles using 10 ng to 25 ng of normal DNA as a template. The turnaround time for performance of this assay is only 2 hrs. The PNAClampTM method facilitates the detection of mutations in more than 1000-fold excess of wild-type DNA samples. K-RAS mutations were detected in 28.3% (36/127) of patients. In detail, 29 cases had mutations in codon 12 and 7 cases had mutations in codon 13. To confirm those results, the same clinical samples were analyzed with a direct sequencing assay. Concordant results were obtained from 124 (97.6%) of the 127 clinical samples in the two assays. The discrepancy was observed in three cases. For comparison, the three clinical samples were also analyzed using DxS K-RAS Mutation Kit (DxS Ltd., UK) to give the same outcome. In this study, we will discuss development of PNAClampTM KRAS and its optimization for higher sensitivity. The PNAClampTM KRAS may serve a rapid and reliable alternative for K-RAS mutation detection in the clinical field. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3068. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3068
Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring quality of life in primary caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (QPCAD)
Authors: K. Kondo-Endo, Y. Ohashi, H. Nakagawa, T. Katsunuma, Y. Ohya, K. Kamibeppu, I. Masuko
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments for primary caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis are useful in evaluating the efficacy of treatment in clinical practice and study. However, no such scale has been available in Japan.To develop and validate a self-administered instrument specifically designed to measure quality of life in primary caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (QPCAD).This study consisted of three successive phases: the item generation phase, pilot test phase and validation phase. In the item generation phase, questionnaire items were derived from 33 qualitative interviews with primary caregivers. In the pilot test phase, the face and content validity of the preliminary scale were assessed (n = 33). In the validation phase, the questionnaire was finalized and assessed in terms of statistical performance (n = 416).The QPCAD included 19 items in the following categories: 'exhaustion', 'worry about atopic dermatitis', 'family cooperation' and 'achievement'. The reliability of internal consistency was fair (Cronbach's alpha coefficients 0.66-0.87). The QPCAD subscales and total score were significantly correlated with psychological health, physical health, anxiety, depression and severity score, with mild to moderate correlation coefficients. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness to change in severity were also satisfactory.The QPCAD is an appropriate tool for assessing HRQoL of primary caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis in clinical practice and clinical trials.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: A Case of Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Andrew Robertson, Robert Mansberg, Victor Mansberg, Hans Van der Wall, Michael Hooper
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is typically caused by benign mesenchymal tumors of vascular or skeletal origin. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) by these tumors is associated with decreased resorption of phosphate in the renal tubules. This phosphate wasting leads to the characteristic findings of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia. Chronic hypophosphatemia causes abnormal mineralization of bone, increased alkaline phosphatase and, in the longer term, osteomalacia. Localization and resection of the FGF-23-secreting tumor offers the best chance of cure. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman diagnosed with numerous fractures on bone scintigraphy. Bone biopsy confirmed osteomalacia. Biochemical investigations showed hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, and increased alkaline phosphatase, suggesting the presence of an FGF-23-secreting tumor. Biochemistry also showed hyperparathyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid and parathyroid scintigraphy were performed and showed separate areas of focally increased tracer uptake in the neck. The patient underwent octreotide scintigraphy to localize an alternative site of tumor. This showed focally increased tracer uptake in the neck and in the abdomen. The patient underwent a hemithyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy. Histopathology showed a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, a parathyroid adenoma, and an adrenal adenoma. Postoperatively the patient showed rapid symptomatic and biochemical improvement.
THE EFFECT OF POSTURE ON CASES OF PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: L. S. T. Burrell
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THz BDnm 135 had aneurysm of the coroiiary artery.Aiigina pectoris occurred iri 0.O.cases-and 3 patieAts died.Among 11 necropsies nio gross changes were found in the kidneys.
The sensitive heart. A syndrome of abnormal cardiac pain perception
Authors: R. O. Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1995)

SELECTED CASE  A 50-year-old woman was referred to the National Institutes of Health because of a 12-year history of anginalike chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms. She described her symptom as a substernal pressure sensation radiating to the left shoulder and arm, provoked by effort and relieved by rest. Two years prior to admission, she underwent cardiovascular evaluation that included treadmill exercise testing associated with ischemic-appearing electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Beta-blocker therapy (120 mg of nadolol daily) diminished symptoms somewhat, but because of continued effort-provoked chest pain, she underwent cardiac catheterization, which demonstrated normal-appearing coronary arteries and left ventricle. Nadolol was discontinued, and she was started on 90 mg of diltiazem hydrochloride twice daily, which did not relieve her symptoms. She did find sublingual nitroglycerin to be of help in relieving pain. Her past medical history is significant for a cholecystectomy 3 years prior to admission and cigarette smoking discontinued 10
Pellagra secondary to 5-fluorouracil
Authors: H.P. STEVENS, L.S. OSTLERE, R.H.J. BEGENT, J.S. DOOLEY, M.H.A. RUSTIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The development of pellagra in a patient treated with 5‐fluoroiiracil for malignant disease is reported. The aetiology of pellagra in this patient is discussed, and the reasons for possible under‐diagnosis of pellagra in association with malignant disease considered. We report a patient who presented with the typical skin changes of pellagra. The rash, and an associated acute deterioration in cerebral function, were exacerbated by treatment with 5‐fluorouracil. The importance of considering nicotinic‐acid deficiency in patients with malignant disease has not been emphasized in the literature.
Reperfusion after acute coronary occlusion in dogs impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and augments contractile reactivity in vitro.
Authors: K M VanBenthuysen, I F McMurtry, L D Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Endothelial injury may contribute to the augmented coronary vascular tone seen in myocardial ischemia by impairing endothelial production or release of vasodilators. In vitro reactivity of arterial rings was studied after 60 min of coronary occlusion and 60 min of reperfusion in anesthetized dogs. Ischemia without reperfusion blunted contractile reactivity to potassium chloride (KCl), whereas ischemia plus reperfusion augmented contractile responses to both KCl and ergonovine. The response to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, was abolished in reperfused arteries, whereas the response to nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, was intact. Verapamil pretreatment restored KCl contractile responses to normal in reperfused coronary rings and partially restored endothelium-dependent relaxation. Electron microscopy revealed a nondenuding epicardial coronary endothelial injury in reperfused arteries. These data support the hypothesis that reperfusion of ischemic myocardium augments reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents by causing endothelial cell damage, excessive calcium influx, and loss of modulating vasodilator function.
Early endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute cholecystitis in elderly patients with high surgical risk
Authors: S. Murugesan, C. Babbs
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We read with interest the article published in your journal (August 2006 issue) in which Vracko et al. [1] report improved outcomes in elderly patients admitted with acute cholecystitis who underwent early endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES).
Variable effects of explosive or gradual increase of intracranial pressure on myocardial structure and function.
Authors: B Shivalkar, J Van Loon, W Wieland, T B Tjandra-Maga, M Borgers, C Plets, W Flameng
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Studies done in potential donors for heart transplantation and in experimental animals have suggested that brain death can have major histopathological and functional effects on the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed experimental models of brain death using dogs to study the hemodynamic and catecholamine changes, the extent of myocardial structural damage, and the recovery potential of donor hearts obtained from brain-dead donors. Brain death was caused by increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) suddenly or gradually by injecting saline in an epidural Foley catheter. In a first series of experiments, dogs given a sudden rise in ICP (n = 5) showed a hyperdynamic response and a 1,000-fold increase in the level of epinephrine after brain death. Histology revealed 93 +/- 2% of the myocardium to be severely ischemic. Dogs given a gradual rise in ICP (n = 6) showed a lesser hyperdynamic response, almost 200-fold increase in the level of epinephrine after brain death, and mild ischemic damage to the myocardium (23 +/- 1%). In a second series, hearts obtained from brain-dead and non-brain-dead donors were transplanted in recipients, and the weaning and recovery potential were studied. All four recipients with hearts from non-brain-dead donors were weaned with good functional recovery. Also, all four recipients with hearts from brain-dead dogs given a gradual rise in ICP were weaned with only moderate functional recovery. However, only two of four recipients with hearts from donors given a sudden rise in ICP were weaned and showed poor functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a sudden rise in ICP can cause irreversible myocardial damage.
Budesonide Reduces Neutrophilic but Not Functional Airway Response to Ozone in Mild Asthmatics
Authors: BARBARA VAGAGGINI, MAURO TACCOLA, ILARIA CONTI, STEFANO CARNEVALI, SILVANA CIANCHETTI, MARIA LAURA BARTOLI, ELENA BACCI, FEDERICO L. DENTE, ANTONELIA DI FRANCO, DANIELE GIANNINI, PIER LUIGI PAGGIARO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Ambient ozone concentration is related to asthma exacerbation, but few findings are available regarding the effects of pharmacologic asthma treatment on this relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether inhaled corticosteroids inhibit ozone-induced airway neutrophilic inflammation, as detected in induced sputum, and reduce functional response to ozone exposure. Eleven subjects with mild persistent asthma were exposed for 2 h, on separate days, to 0.27 ppm ozone and to air in random order, before and after 4 wk of treatment with budesonide (400 μ g twice daily). Before exposure, 1 and 2 h after the beginning of exposure, and 6 h after the end of exposure, pulmonary function was measured, and a total symptom score questionnaire was completed; 6 h after exposure, sputum was induced with hypertonic saline. Budesonide treatment did not inhibit the functional response to ozone exposure, as determined by reduction in FEV1 and increase in total symptom score, but it significantly blunted the increase in the percentage of sputum neutrophils and interleukin-8 concentrations in the supernatant (p < 0.05). Therefore, 4 wk of inhaled budesonide blunted the airway neutrophilic inflammatory response but did not prevent the functional impairment of the airways after ozone exposure.
Donald Campbell Waddy
Authors: Michael Hemming
Journal: BMJ (2004)

​FormerFormer consultant chest physician Birmingham (b Sheffield 1910; q Sheffield 1933), died from bronchial pneumonia on 12 April 2004.




Figure 1




After qualification he trained in tuberculosis at Birmingham in 1936. He became medical superintendent at a sanatorium in Cheltenham after the suicide of its previous incumbent. In 1952 he moved to West Heath Sanatorium as a senior hospital medical officer, working at Birmingham Chest Clinic. He was upgraded to consultant in 1960. He was treasurer of the hospital social club for many years. In retirement he moved to Abingdon, where he walked and cycled until his arthritis overcame him. Predeceased by his wife, Bernadette, he leaves three children.