tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study
Authors: Fatimah S Dawood, A Danielle Iuliano, Carrie Reed, Martin I Meltzer, David K Shay, Po-Yung Cheng, Don Bandaranayake, Robert F Breiman, W Abdullah Brooks, Philippe Buchy, Daniel R Feikin, Karen B Fowler, Aubree Gordon, Nguyen Tran Hien, Peter Horby, Q Sue Huang, Mark A Katz, Anand Krishnan, Renu Lal, Joel M Montgomery, Kåre Mølbak, Richard Pebody, Anne M Presanis, Hugo Razuri, Anneke Steens, Yeny O Tinoco, Jacco Wallinga, Hongjie Yu, Sirenda Vong, Joseph Bresee, Marc-Alain Widdowson
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2012)
Baseline serum TARC levels predict therapy outcome in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Maike Sauer, Annette Plütschow, Ron D. Jachimowicz, Dominik Kleefisch, Katrin S. Reiners, Sabine Ponader, Andreas Engert, Elke Pogge von Strandmann
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become one of the best curable cancers. However, better biomarkers are needed for outcome prediction that would allow protecting patients from over- or under-dosing of treatment. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 (TARC) is highly and specifically elevated in this disease and has been proposed as possible biomarker in HL patients. In this study, we show that pretreatment TARC levels were associated with established clinical risk factors and predictive for response to treatment in a large cohort of HL patients treated in clinical trials by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Moreover, TARC levels also significantly contributed to a novel multivariate model predicting treatment response. These data clearly suggest an important role for this chemokine as biomarker in HL.
The Case for the Single Transfusion
Authors: J. Garrott Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Everyone abhors the use of blood transfusion when it is not necessary, though at some point during an operation or in medical care it may be essential to administer 1 U, which should be given without hesitation. The best transfusion, of course, is none, and in giving only one there is only half the risk of two. Three transfusions carry a greater risk than two, and four a greater risk than three, etc. If transfusion committees are to monitor the use of single transfusions as an index of good practice, they need to know not only the numbers of single . . .
Influence of frequency of atrial contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance in the conscious dog with myocardial infarction
Authors: I. HUTTON, M. PLATT, J. WATSON, G. TEMPLETON, J. WILLERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The effects of alterations in the frequency of contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance were studied in 12 conscious, unsedated dogs with established myocardial infarction. Total and regional coronary blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. The peak increase in flow to the right ventricle was 71% to the infarcted area of the left ventricle was 72% to the non-infarcted area of the left ventricle was 90% and to the ventricular septum was 104%. Despite the generalized increases in regional myocardial blood flow, flow tended to decrease to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area of the left ventricle. The peak increases in coronary flow and the reduction in flow to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area occurred at a heart rate of approximately 200/min provided by atrial pacing. Myocardial contractility, as evidenced by peak increases of 16% in maximum LV dP/dt and 12% in dP/dtP, was only enhanced with abrupt incremental changes in heart rate and not with continuous atrial pacing over 15-min periods. Despite the generalized increases in coronary perfusion coronary sinus oxygen content decreased with a widening of the coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference indicating increased myocardial oxygen usage. Thus increasing frequency of contraction in myocardial infarction results in a slight initial but not sustained inotropic effect, a moderate and generalized increase in regional myocardial blood flow, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and the potential for subendocardial extension of the area of myocardial damage within the infarcted area.
Drug Spotlight Program
Authors: FRANK A. SEIXAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Alcohol interacts with a surprising number of commonly used drugs: antibiotics, anticoagulants, antihistamines, digitalis, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, nitroglycerine, diuretics, heavy metals, insulin, iron, puromycin C, and many others. It also interacts specifically with sedatives, opiates, phenothiazines, antidepressants, and other psychoactive drugs. This review calls attention to these interactions and what we know of their mechanisms. The physician is cautioned about the use of alcohol by his patients taking other medications and about the frequent difficulty of ascertaining the extent of the patient's alcohol ingestion.
Pim-1 levels determine the size of early B lymphoid compartments in bone marrow.
Authors: J Domen, N M van der Lugt, D Acton, P W Laird, K Linders, A Berns
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The mouse proto-oncogene Pim-1, which encodes two cytoplasmic serine-threonine-specific protein kinases, is frequently activated by proviral insertion in murine leukemia virus-induced hematopoietic tumors. Transgenic mice overexpressing Pim-1 show a low incidence of spontaneous T cell lymphomas, whereas null mutant mice lack an obvious phenotype. We have analyzed the early B lymphoid compartment from both null mutant and E mu-Pim-1 transgenic mice. The level of Pim-1 expression appears to be a determining factor in the ability of these cells to respond to the growth factors interleukin 7 (IL-7) and SF (steel factor). The impaired response in null mutant mice could be rescued by introduction of a functional Pim-1 transgene. Moreover, overexpression of Pim-1 facilitates the derivation of primitive lymphoid cell lines that are dependent on combined stimulation with IL-7 and SF or insulin-like growth factor 1. These results for the first time identify the involvement of Pim-1 in a normal cellular function, as an important regulator of early B lymphopoiesis in mice.
Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
Authors: Mark R. Hutchinson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

As the field of orthopedic medicine has expanded over the past 20 years, so has the number of orthopedists who care for injured athletes and perform the surgical procedures associated with sports medicine. Many have obtained their education through fellowships devoted to sports medicine, but most have gained their expertise with these procedures through journals such as the<i>American Journal of Sports Medicine</i>, textbooks, or continuing education courses provided by specialty societies or the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Most of the avenues are fairly broad and rarely focus on surgical technique alone. <i>Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine</i>is a new quarterly journal, which sets out to provide the surgeon with current techniques and reviews in the field of sports medicine. Similar to<i>Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics</i>and<i>Techniques in Orthopaedics</i>, each issue focuses on a particular area or region of injury. For example, the initial topic was anterior cruciate
Degradation of and drug release from a novel 2,2-bis(2-oxazoline) linked poly(lactic acid) polymer
Authors: Tommy Tarvainen, Teija Karjalainen, Minna Malin, Satu Pohjolainen, Jukka Tuominen, Jukka Seppälä, Kristiina Järvinen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2002)
Asthma after consumption of snails in house-dust-mite-allergic patients: a case of IgE cross-reactivity
Authors: R. Ree, L. Antonicelli, J. H. Akkerdaas, G. B. Pajno, G. Barberio, L. Corbetta, G. Ferro, M. Zambito, M. S. Garritani, R. C. Aalberse, F. Bonifazi
Journal: Allergy (1996)

A group of 28 patients from Italy was studied who had asthma after consumption of snail. All patients also had asthma and/or rhinitis caused by house-dust mite. RAST analyses confirmed the combined sensitization to snail and mite. In a few sera, IgE antibodies reactive with other foods of invertebrate origin (mussel and shrimp) were detected. RAST inhibition showed that most IgE antibodies against snail were cross-reactive with house-dust mite. In contrast, the mite RAST was not significantly inhibited by snail. This indicates that house-dust mite was the sensitizing agent. Immunoblot analyses revealed multiple bands in snail extract recognized by IgE. In contrast to what has been described for cross-reactivity between shrimp and mite, tropomyosin played only a minor role as a cross-reactive allergen in these patients. The observations in this study indicate that snail consumption can cause severe asthmatic symptoms in house-dust-mite-allergic patients. It might, therefore, be advisable to screen mite-allergic asthma patients for allergy to snail and other invertebrate animal foods.
Ontogenic development of B-lymphocyte function and tolerance susceptibility in vivo and in an in vitro organ culture system.
Authors: J M Teale, T E Mandel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The maturation of B-lymphocyte function during fetal development was studied in vivo and in an in vitro organ culture system. The results indicated that the progenitors for 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-specific B cells are present as early as 14 d of gestation in liver and possibly as early as 15 d in spleen. In addition, it was found that the organ culture system supports the development of B lymphocytes as measured by an increase in both the percentage of surface immunoglobulin-positive cells and the frequency of clonable DNP-specific B cells after culturing. The majority of anti-DNP-secreting clones resulting from the antigenic stimulation of fetal B cells produced only the IgM isotype, and the ability to secrete the IgG isotypes increased as a function of gestational age. Because fetal DNP precursors from spleens and livers that had been incubated in organ culture resulted in a greater proportion of clones secreting IgG compared with age-matched uncultured controls, it was concluded that the maturation with regard to the ability to secrete IgG can occur in vitro. In studies relating to the ontogenetic development of tolerance susceptibility, it was found that up to one-half of the DNP-specific B-cell precursors from livers and spleens less than 18 or 19 d of gestation were resistant to tolerogen treatment for 24 h as if in a pretolerant phase. However, if tolerogen were present for 3--5 d during organ culture there was near total elimination of potential DNP clones. This finding suggested that the 24-h induction period was insufficient for affecting the DNP-specific precursors in livers and spleens from the earlier gestational ages, and that a proportion of precursors could subsequently form DNP clones in the splenic focus assay after the removal of tolerogen.
Using Ki67 To Improve and Simplify Outcome Modeling for Breast Cancer.
Authors: R. Yerushalmi, R. Woods, P. Ravdin, C. Speers, H. Kennecke, K. Gelmon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Ki67 is a marker of proliferation which has several advantages over histological grade. Ki67 is determined less subjectively and is a continuous rather than a categorical variable. Many studies that have looked at Ki67 have been small and underpowered. A large population based tissue microarray was used to: A) test the prognostic value of Ki67 in testing and validation sets, and B) construct an improved model including Ki67 and conventional prognostic variables to predict patient outcome. Methods: The cohort included 2,780 patients with early breast cancer diagnosed in British Columbia and a median follow up of 14.5yrs. Variables included were: tumor size (T), number of positive nodes (N), grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Her2, Ki67, local treatment (surgery, radiation) and systemic treatment (chemotherapy, hormonal). Prognostic factors were balanced between the training and validation sets. Prognostic variables were identified in the testing set among ER positive and ER negative cohorts using Cox Regression analysis and tested in the validation set. Results: The inclusion of Ki67 in the Cox Regression analysis resulted in the elimination of grade as a predictor. For ER positive disease independent predictors were T, N, LVI, PR, HER2, Ki67, local treatment, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Independent predictors among ER- cases were T, N, LVI, Ki-67, and chemotherapy. Predicted 10-yr Breast Cancer Specific Survival in the validation set was 72.0% versus 72.4% [SE: 1.2] observed. As subtle prognostic differences may result in very disparate treatment recommendations for Stage I breast cancers, we specifically reviewed this group. In analysis of stage I patients, there were no statistically significant deviations between predictions and observation; agreement between the predicted and observed 10-yr BCSS was excellent (86.0% vs 87.6% (SE: 1.6) p = 0.3169). As well, elevated Ki67 was common (53%) and was a powerful prognostic variable with causing more than a doubling of the 10-yr BrCa mortality (elevated ≥ 10% vs low &amp;lt; 10%, 16.8% vs 6.8%) in this group (table). Conclusion: In this study the proliferation marker Ki67 replaced histologic grade as a predictor of outcome for patients with early breast cancer. Predictive models such as Adjuvant! could incorporate Ki67 as an input variable and this modification is being developed. If models that use Ki67 are validated they may be able to be used globally and be cost effective compared to more expensive genomic predictors.Table: Predicted versus observed 10yr BCSS, based on the new modelPatientsSubgroupNPredicted SurvivalObserved Survivalp-valueAll patientsOverall139772.072.40.75 ER+101277.276.40.56 ER-38558.461.20.27 HER2+19755.658.00.50 HER2-120074.874.80.99Stage IOverall45386.087.60.32 ER+35287.690.40.09 ER-10179.678.40.77 HER2+4378.882.40.55 HER2-41086.888.40.33 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4042.
Analysis of Multimodal Neuroimaging Data
Authors: Felix Biessmann, Sergey Plis, Frank C. Meinecke, Tom Eichele, Klaus-Robert Muller
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2011)

Each method for imaging brain activity has technical or physiological limits. Thus, combinations of neuroimaging modalities that can alleviate these limitations such as simultaneous recordings of neurophysiological and hemodynamic activity have become increasingly popular. Multimodal imaging setups can take advantage of complementary views on neural activity and enhance our understanding about how neural information processing is reflected in each modality. However, dedicated analysis methods are needed to exploit the potential of multimodal methods. Many solutions to this data integration problem have been proposed, which often renders both comparisons of results and the choice of the right method for the data at hand difficult. In this review we will discuss different multimodal neuroimaging setups, the advances achieved in basic research and clinical application and the methods used. We will provide a comprehensive overview of mathematical tools reoccurring in multimodal neuroimaging studies for artifact removal, data-driven and model-driven analyses, enabling the practitioner to try established or new combinations from these algorithmic building blocks.
Low-dose <i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine Protects Rats against Endotoxin-mediated Oxidative Stress, But High-dose Increases Mortality
Authors: R. CORINNE SPRONG, A.MIRANDA L. WINKELHUYZEN-JANSSEN, COLINDA J. M. AARSMAN, JOHANNES F. L. M. van OIRSCHOT, TJOMME van der BRUGGEN, B. SWEDER van ASBECK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We evaluated the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress, lung damage, and mortality induced by an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, or LPS) in the rat. Continuous intravenous infusion of 275 mg NAC/kg in 48 h, starting 24 h before LPS challenge, decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in whole blood (p < 0.01). This decrease was accompanied by fewer histologic abnormalities of the lung and decreased mortality (p < 0.025), compared with rats receiving LPS alone. N-Acetylserine, which has no sulfhydryl group, did not protect rats against LPS toxicity. Improved survival was not associated with an increase in pulmonary reduced glutathione, nor with inhibition of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity. In vitro, TNF production and DNA binding of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) in human Mono Mac 6 cells was only inhibited at concentrations of NAC above 20 mM. High-dose NAC treatment (550 and 950 mg/kg in 48 h) decreased lung GSH (p < 0.05) and resulted in a significantly smaller number of surviving animals when compared with the low-dose NAC group (p < 0.025). In vitro, NAC increased hydroxyl radical generation in a system with Fe(III)-citrate and H2O2 by reducing ferric iron to its catalytic, active Fe2 + form. We conclude that low-dose NAC protects against LPS toxicity by scavenging H2O2, while higher doses may have the opposite effect. Sprong RC, Winkelhuyzen-Janssen AML, Aarsman CJM, van Oirschot JFLM, van der Bruggen T, van Asbeck BS. Low-dose N-acetylcysteine protects rats against endotoxin-mediated oxidative stress, but high-dose increases mortality.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Women
Authors: Constance B. Wofsy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Guinan and Hardy<sup>1</sup>describe the epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women. They report that, as of early November 1986, women accounted for 6.7% of all AIDS cases. Fifty-one percent of the affected women are black and 20% are Hispanic; 52% are intravenous (IV) drug users, and 21% became infected through sexual contact with infected men; 67% of these men were IV drug users. Seventy-nine percent of women with AIDS are 13 to 39 years of age and within their childbearing years. This is of special concern as regards AIDS in children; 80% of pediatric AIDS cases can be traced to mothers who are infected.<sup>2</sup> How can we use this information to prevent further infection in women and children and to anticipate treatment needs? To begin, accurate information about AIDS transmission and prevention must be focused on the women at
REGRESSIVE EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: ROBERT S. BERNS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

To conclude, regression is a necessary step in maturation. It is commonly seen in college students and perhaps to a greater extent in them than in young people who go directly to work from high school. Ideally, it should be purposeful and contributory to the progress of the race. Necessarily it will result in unevenness of behavior, in excesses and sometimes in pathological by-products. The alienation of generations from each other which exists even within peer groups, increased living pressures and competition in the college environment are considered factors that increase frequency and duration of regression. Shifting parental roles undoubtedly complicate the identity formation of college students. The pendulum swing away from authoritarianism to permissiveness leaves the college student with a feeling of emptiness and confusion. Without religion, without parental guidance to fill the void, with a faculty too remote to help, the college student often seeks refuge in regression. We have described regression as healthy in some instances and pathological in others. When it results from fear, repression or guilt it may cause fixation at a more primitive level of adjustment and consequent lifelong neurosis or psychosis. When it represents a forward thrust, alternating with periods of consolidation or temporary regression, it serves the advance of civilization. If one sees the college student in the psychiatric office, one sees and hears an aspect of student life that is not visible to anyone else, or at least not in the same way. Yet the view of the educator, historian and anthropologist—of everyone, including the student himself—reflects an image that contributes to a composite whole. For me, regressive aspects of behavior in late adolescence appear to be a useful modus operandi of understanding the college student who so lately has come by the outward manifestations of maturity and so quickly and easily scurries back to the security of an earlier phase. Whether it is our society, our nuclear age or our pseudo-sophistication that causes this and to what extent this is a universal phenomenon of adolescence in all ages—these are questions that we should all ask but for which we should not seek simplified answers.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MEASLES, SCARLET FEVER, AND DIPHTHERIA IN INSTITUTIONS AND THE HOME
Authors: D. N. Nabarro, A. G. Signy
Journal: BMJ (1931)

We do not intend to include in the present survey any account of the methods of isolation now practised, as these fall rather into the realms of public health.We are now concerned with the recent advances in the pre- ventive measures at our disposal for dealinig with diph- theria, scarlet fever, and measles. DIPHTHERIAThe greatest advance in our knowledge of this disease came with the introduction of the Schick test.This con- sists of the intradermic inoculation of diphtheria exotoxin so diluted that the 0.2 c.cm. injected contains 1/50 of a minimum dose lethal to a guinea-pig of 250 grams weight (M.L.D.).Heated toxiin of similar strength is used as a control.As a result of this dose, which was first recommended by Schick, and has been adhered to by most workers, the community can be divided into several distinct classes.
Personal genome service launches in UK
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A personal genetic testing company, 23andMe, has launched in the United Kingdom despite restrictions in the United States.

For £125 (€158; $196) customers can receive a personalised DNA service with reports on more than 100 health conditions and traits, ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to male pattern baldness. Customers receive a DNA collection kit through the post and then send a saliva sample to a laboratory for analysis.

The company’s website (www.23andme.com) said, “Find out how your genetics relate to things like abnormal blood clotting, cystic fibrosis, or response to certain medications. You can also see if your body metabolises …
Hemodialysis in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: ALLEN R. NISSENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We have treated seven patients with severe psoriasis with sham or true hemodialysis. Three patients received one 24-h course of true hemodialysis over 4 d followed by an identical 24-h course 4 weeks later. Four patients received one 24-h course of sham dialysis over 4 d followed by a 24-h course of true dialysis 4 weeks later. Significant subjective improvement was noted by both groups after the first series of treatments but not after the second. No objective improvement in skin disease was found at any time. We were unable to confirm the many uncontrolled reports on the efficacy of dialysis in ameliorating severe psoriasis. Neither the heparin used for anticoagulation, the acetate present in the dialysis bath, nor the removal of a "psoriatic factor" seemed to affect the skin disease in these patients.