tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B87: Prolyl hydroxylase and the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cells
Authors: Beatrice Philip, Koichi Ito, Rafael Moreno-Sanchez, Stephen J. Ralph
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Hypoxic microenvironments frequently exist within many solid tumors with oxygen levels fluctuating temporally and spatially from normoxia to hypoxia. The response to hypoxia in human cells is mainly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors or HIFs, a family of transcription factors which orchestrate signalling events promoting cancer stem cells, leading to angiogenesis and increased tumorigenesis. Several events conspire together to stabilize HIF-αs to become constitutively expressed in many cancer cell types, regardless of oxygen levels. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) play a crucial role in HIF regulation by hydroxylating HIF proline residues to target these proteins for proteasomal degradation. Hypoxic microenvironments existing within tumors and cytosolic accumulation of mitochondrial metabolites such as succinate or increased ROS production are known to suppress PHD function, resulting in HIF stabilisation and transcriptional activation in the nucleus thereby triggering various pro-oncogenic signalling pathways. Abnormal HIF-αα regulation has gained significant prominence in tumor biology over recent years and the hypoxic microenvironments have been shown to facilitate and trigger major molecular and immunological processes necessary as a driver promoting greater tumor malignancy. More recently, it has been realized that these hypoxic microenvironments also play significant roles in shielding tumour cells from immune attack by promoting immune suppression. We address many of these functions and their relationship to cancer stem cells and their metastastic properties. We also show that overexpressing prolyl hydroxylase reduces HIF expression and malignancy of cancer cells as well as affecting the levels of reactive oxygen species and respiratory chain function in these cells. Citation Format: Beatrice Philip, Koichi Ito, Rafael Moreno-Sanchez, Stephen J. Ralph. Prolyl hydroxylase and the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B87. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B87
An international two–stage genome–wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes
Authors: H.W. Moises, L. Yang, H. Kristbjarnarson, C. Wiese, W. Byerley, F. Macciardi, V. Arolt, D. Blackwood, X. Liu, B. Sjögren, H.N. Aschauer, H.-G. Hwu, K. Jang, W.J. Livesley, J.L. Kennedy, T. Zoega, O. Ivarsson, M.-T. Bui, M.-H. Yu, B. Havsteen, D. Commenges, J. Weissenbach, E. Schwinger, I.I. Gottesman, A.J. Pakstis, L. Wetterberg, K.K. Kidd, T. Helgason
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Therapeutic benefits from a poorly absorbed prednisolone enema in distal colitis.
Authors: P B McIntyre, F A Macrae, L Berghouse, J English, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1985)

A double blind controlled trial has been conducted in 40 patients to compare the therapeutic effects of prednisolone metasulphobenzoate enemas with those of prednisolone-21-phosphate enemas. Both enemas brought about improvement in symptoms and sigmoidoscopic appearances in more than 70% of patients treated. The absorption of prednisolone from the metasulphobenzoate enema in three patients was less than from the 21-phosphate enema. In view of the low plasma prednisolone concentrations obtained, there are theoretical advantages in using a poorly absorbed enema to avoid the possibility of systemic steroid effects in patients requiring long term steroid treatment.
INCREASED UROBILINOGEN EXCRETION AND ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH SULFAPYRIDINE 1
Authors: Lowell A. Erf, Colin M. Mac Leod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

F Undetermined 64 0.61 3 F Undetermined 62 2.2 4 F Undetermined 166 3.3 5 M Undetermined 134 0.7 6 M Pneumococcus Type VIII 70 1.07 GROUP II 7 F Pneumococcus Type I 17.0 3 11.1 9.3 80 1.3 Coarctation of aorta 8 M B. friedlSnderii 27.0 7 10.4 6.7 206 1.6 Bronchiectasis 9 M H. influenzae 18.0 4 2.2 1.7 208 3.6 Diabetes .mellitus;empyema H. influenzae 10 M Pneumococcus Type I 11.5 5 7.1 6.7 85 0.75 11 M Pneumococcus Type III 22.0 6 174 1.1 Pulmonary tuberculosis 12 F Pneumococcus Type III 4.5 2 70 0.6 Auricular fibrillation; acute glossitis 13 M Pneumococcus Type III 13.0 4 8.2 6.5 157 1.4 Received Type III rabbit serum 14 F Pneumococcus Type IV 22.5 5 4.9 3.4 94 2.4 Chronic alcoholism 15 F Pneumococcus Type VII 10.0 3 4.3 4.3 83 1.1 16 F Pneumococcus Type VI 8.0 4 4.2 4.1 120 1.0 Received Type VI rabbit serum 17 F Pneumococcus Type III 14.0 4 4.6 3.1 127 1.3Received Type III rabbit serum 18 M Pneumococcus Type VII 18.5 4 lytic anemia * Received 10.0 grams of sulfanilamide in addition.Group I -Patients who did not receive sulfapyridine.Group II-Patients receiving sulfapyridine in whom excretion of urobilinogen was not increased.Group III -Patients receiving sulfapyridine in whom excretion of urobilinogen was increased.the method used by Marshall and Litchfield (9) for the determination of sulfanilamide.
Diet, sunlight, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy children and adults.
Authors: E M Poskitt, T J Cole, D E Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In 110 white West Midlands children serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations showed a pronounced seasonal variation, the values being highest in August and lowest in February. The concentrations correlated significantly both with recorded sunlight and with seasonal ultraviolet energy of the sunlight. Children who had had a seaside holiday the previous summer had a higher mean 25-OHD concentration than those who had not had a summer holiday away from home. Correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-OHD concentration was not significant.
Thrombosis Increases Circulatory Hepatocyte Growth Factor by Degranulation of Mast Cells
Authors: Makoto Kinoshita, Tadashi Miyamoto, Naohiro Ohashi, Shigetake Sasayama, Akira Matsumori
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Plasma concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a powerful angiogenic growth factor inducible by heparin, increase in thrombus-associated disorders such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina. The mechanism of this thrombus-associated HGF release, however, is unknown. Methods and Results— Wistar rats received through the tail vein (1) normal saline (NS), (2) 50 μg of the mast cell–degranulating agent CP48/80, or (3) 1000 U/kg heparin. Blood samples were collected at 10 minutes or 30 minutes after the injections, or from untreated rats, for measurements of HGF. The same experiments were performed in mast cell–deficient white spotting (Ws) rats. Ws rats have a small deletion of the c-kit gene and are deficient in mast cells. Intravenous heparin immediately increased plasma HGF in both Wistar (38.02±2.08 ng/mL versus 1.11±0.70 ng/mL in untreated rats, P &lt;0.0001) and Ws rats (36.39±4.15 ng/mL versus 0.66±0.18 ng/mL in NS-treated rats, P &lt;0.0001). Injection of CP48/80 also increased plasma HGF in Wistar rats (9.12±1.11 ng/mL versus 0.65±0.24 ng/mL in NS group, P =0.004) but not in Ws rats (0.67±0.27 ng/mL versus 0.66±0.18 ng/mL in NS group, P =0.997). In a rat carotid artery microthrombus model, intra-arterial thrombus formation increased circulating HGF in Wistar rats (2.12±0.70 ng/mL versus sham 0.61±0.15 ng/mL in sham-operated Wistar rats, P =0.0064) but not in Ws rats (0.76±0.33 ng/mL versus 0.21±0.04 ng/mL in sham-operated Ws rats, P =0.29). In addition, in vitro stimulation of rat peritoneal mast cells with thrombin rapidly induced degranulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions— These observations indicate that mast cell degranulation stimulated by thrombin is necessary for the rapid induction of plasma HGF in intravascular thrombus-associated disorders.
Human mesenchymal stromal cells enhance the immunomodulatory function of CD8+CD28− regulatory T cells
Authors: Qiuli Liu, Haiqing Zheng, Xiaoyong Chen, Yanwen Peng, Weijun Huang, Xiaobo Li, Gang Li, Wenjie Xia, Qiquan Sun, Andy Peng Xiang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on the other subsets of Treg cells. Herein, we studied the effects of MSCs on CD8+CD28− Treg cells and found that the MSCs could not only increase the proportion of CD8+CD28− T cells, but also enhance CD8+CD28−T cells' ability of hampering naive CD4+ T-cell proliferation and activation, decreasing the production of IFN-γ by activated CD4+ T cells and inducing the apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, the MSCs affected the functions of the CD8+CD28− T cells partially through moderate upregulating the expression of IL-10 and FasL. The MSCs had no distinct effect on the shift from CD8+CD28+ T cells to CD8+CD28− T cells, but did increase the proportion of CD8+CD28− T cells by reducing their rate of apoptosis. In summary, this study shows that MSCs can enhance the regulatory function of CD8+CD28− Treg cells, shedding new light on MSCs-mediated immune regulation.
Transient Myopia Following Metronidazole Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Aharon Grinbaum
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Transient myopia may occur as a toxic reaction to sulfa-derived drugs (including sulfonamides and acetazolamide), 1 corticosteroids, 2 promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan), autonomic blocking agents, 3 bromocriptine, 4 tetracycline, 5 and isosorbide dinitrate.  Report of a Case.  —Recently, one of our young patients was treated with oral metronidazole for Trichomonas vaginalis infection. After 11 days of treatment, she was brought to our emergency department claiming that she had suddenly become blind after a good night's sleep. The visual acuity was counting fingers in both eyes correctable to 6/6 by the addition of —3.0 diopters. A similar refraction was found after cycloplegia. Pupils were equally reactive to light without a Marcus Gunn defect. Slit-lamp examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber and a normal lens, vitreous, and retina. The A-scan ultrasonic measurements demonstrated a marked shallowing of anterior chamber depth (50%) combined with thickening of the lens. The metronidazole was
Oxygen derived free radicals and synovial fluid hyaluronate.
Authors: H Saari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

High performance liquid chromatography with TSK 5000 PW or TSK 6000 PW size exclusion columns combined with a 125I labelled hyaluronic acid binding protein assay was used to study the effects of oxygen derived free radicals on synovial fluid hyaluronate. A continuous flux of free radicals was generated by the xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine system. When the free radical flux was generated with xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine in the presence of the iron chelator desferrioxamine and the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol a 30-50% decrease in hyaluronate peak was detected, but the molecular weight of synovial fluid hyaluronate remained almost unchanged as a result of reaction with superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. When trace amounts of iron and EDTA were present in the reaction mixture depolymerisation of synovial fluid hyaluronate occurred, and it reached a final molecular weight of about 13,500 daltons. These results suggest that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals may have a different mode of action on synovial fluid hyaluronate. Superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide do not induce depolymerisation but, rather, change the molecular configuration of synovial fluid hyaluronate.
Asynchronous neural integration: Compensation or computational tolerance and skill acquisition?
Authors: James E. Cutting
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Nijhawan argues that neural compensation is necessary to account for couplings of perception and action. Although perhaps true in some cases, computational tolerance for asynchronously arriving continuous information is of more importance. Moreover, some of the everyday venues Nijhawan uses to argue for the relevance of prediction and compensation can be better ascribed to skill.
Thoracic Lymphangiomas, Lymphangiectasis, Lymphangiomatosis, and Lymphatic Dysplasia Syndrome
Authors: JOHN L. FAUL, GERALD J. BERRY, THOMAS V. COLBY, STEPHEN J. RUOSS, MATTHEW B. WALTER, GLENN D. ROSEN, THOMAS A. RAFFIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)
Control of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer by the Cochaperone Small Glutamine–Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein α
Authors: Grant Buchanan, Carmela Ricciardelli, Jonathan M. Harris, Jennifer Prescott, Zoe Chiao-Li Yu, Li Jia, Lisa M. Butler, Villis R. Marshall, Howard I. Scher, William L. Gerald, Gerhard A. Coetzee, Wayne D. Tilley
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Although the androgen receptor (AR) is accepted as the major determinant of prostate cancer cell survival throughout disease progression, it is currently unclear how the receptor sustains genomic signaling under conditions of systemic androgen ablation. Here, we show that the evolutionarily conserved Hsp70/Hsp90 cochaperone, small glutamine–rich tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein α (αSGT), interacts with the hinge region of the human AR in yeast and mammalian cells. Overexpression and RNA interference revealed that αSGT acts to (a) promote cytoplasmic compartmentalization of the AR, thereby silencing the receptors basal/ligand-independent transcriptional activity, (b) regulate the sensitivity of receptor signaling by androgens, and (c) limit the capacity of noncanonical ligands to induce AR agonist activity. Immunofluorescence, coactivator, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses strongly suggest that these effects of αSGT on AR function are mediated by interaction in the cytoplasm and are distinct from the receptors response to classic coregulators. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of αSGT and AR levels in a cohort of 32 primary and 64 metastatic human prostate cancers revealed dysregulation in the level of both proteins during disease progression. The significantly higher AR/αSGT ratio in metastatic samples is consistent with the sensitization of prostate tumor cells to androgen signaling with disease progression, particularly in a low-hormone environment. These findings implicate αSGT as a molecular rheostat of in vivo signaling competence by the AR, and provide new insight into the determinants of androgen sensitivity during prostate cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):10087–96]
Mean Velocity of Fiber Shortening
Authors: JOEL S. KARLINER, JAMES H. GAULT, DWAIN ECKBERG, CHARLES B. MULLINS, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Previously it was shown that left ventricular (LV) myocardial contractility can be assessed from the instantaneous relation between velocity of fiber shortening and maximum LV wall tension (V CF at max T). Such analysis is complex, requiring frame-by-frame correlation of LV dimensions with pressure, and a simpler approach was sought. In 50 patients the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean V CF ), determined from the systolic excursion of the LV internal minor equator obtained by cineangiography, was compared with instantaneous tension-velocity relations. In 13 subjects without LV disease, V CF at max T averaged 1.74 ± 0.31 (mean ± sd ) circumferences (circ)/sec (range, 1.37-2.52); corresponding mean V CF was 1.50 ± 0.27 circ/sec (range, 1.23-2.03). In 22 patients with LV myocardial disease V CF at max T averaged 0.64 ± 0.29 circ/sec (range, 0.12-1.27); mean V CF averaged 0.68 ± 0.36 circ/sec (range, 0.15-1.29, P &lt; 0.001 compared with normal subjects). Similar results were obtained in 15 patients with valvular lesions and an abnormal V CF at max T. Mean V CF detected impaired myocardial function in 95% of patients with abnormal instantaneous tension-velocity relations, and in the remaining 5% the amount of overlap between normal and abnormal mean V CF was slight. The extent of fiber shortening and the percent shortening of the internal diameter at the minor equator did not provide separation of normal from abnormal groups. It is concluded that the mean velocity of fiber shortening provides a simplified method of estimating LV contractility which: (1) requires analysis of only two frames of a cineangiogram; (2) allows quantitative comparison of LV myocardial contractility among patients; (3) adequately detects altered cardiac performance, even when valvular disease and myocardial dysfunction coexist.
<i>FoxM1</i> in Tumorigenicity of the Neuroblastoma Cells and Renewal of the Neural Progenitors
Authors: Zebin Wang, Hyun Jung Park, Janai R. Carr, Yi-ju Chen, Yu Zheng, Jing li, Angela L. Tyner, Robert H. Costa, Srilata Bagchi, Pradip Raychaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Malignant neuroblastomas contain stem-like cells. These tumors also overexpress the Forkhead box transcription factor FoxM1. In this study, we investigated the roles of FoxM1 in the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma. We showed that depletion of FoxM1 inhibits anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in mouse xenografts. Moreover, knockdown of FoxM1 induces differentiation in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that FoxM1 plays a role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated progenitor population. We showed that inhibition of FoxM1 in malignant neuroblastoma cells leads to the downregulation of the pluripotency genes sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) and Bmi1. We provided evidence that FoxM1 directly activates expression of Sox2 in neuroblastoma cells. By using a conditional deletion system and neurosphere cultures, we showed that FoxM1 is important for expression of Sox2 and Bmi1 in the mouse neural stem/progenitor cells and is critical for its self-renewal. Together, our observations suggested that FoxM1 plays an important role in the tumorigenicity of the aggressive neuroblastoma cells through maintenance of the undifferentiated state. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4292–302. ©2011 AACR.
Correlation between atopic diseases and tuberculin responses
Authors: M. Yılmaz, G. Bingöl, D. Altıntaş, S. G. Kendirli
Journal: Allergy (2000)

In recent decades, the prevalence of atopic diseases has risen steadily in developed countries. The reasons for this increase are not clear. It has been hypothesized that a reduction in infections and immunization programs may contribute to the increase in the prevalence of atopic diseases. We investigated the relationship between tuberculin response and atopic disease.A total of 538 (73.0%) atopic and 198 (27.0%) nonatopic children vaccinated with BCG were included in the study. All the children included in the study had neither been given BCG nor tuberculin skin-tested in the previous 6 months, nor did they have a condition known to cause anergy. All the children were given five tuberculin units PPD, and PPD indurations were recorded after 48 h.The PPD induration size was 6.8 +/- 5.6 mm (mean +/- SD) in atopic children and 7.4 +/- 5.9 mm in nonatopic children. The difference between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The PPD induration sizes of children with asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were found to be similar. The children with atopic dermatitis had lower PPD induration size, but this was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The rates of negative (< 5 mm skin induration) and intermediate (5-9 mm) responses were 32.6% and 30.5% in atopic children and 30.2% and 32.4% in nonatopic children, respectively. Positive tuberculin responses (PPD > 10 mm) were recorded in 36.9% of atopic children and 37.4% of nonatopic children. Total serum IgE levels of atopic and nonatopic children were 623.35 and 46.78 IU/ml, respectively. There was no correlation between serum total IgE level and PPD induration size (r = - 0.0012, P = 0.737).We did not find any relationship between tuberculin response and atopy status later in life in BCG-immunized subjects. We need further studies to clarify the effect of BCG on the development of atopy.
Endoscopic Electrosurgical Papillotomy and Manometry in Biliary Tract Disease
Authors: Joseph E. Geenen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Endoscopic papillotomy was performed in 13 patients after cholecystectomy for retained or recurrent common bile duct calculi (11 patients) and a clinical picture suggesting papillary stenosis (two patients). Following endoscopic papillotomy, ten of the 11 patients spontaneously passed common bile duct (CBD) stones verified on repeated endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) study. One patient failed to pass a large CBD calculus; one patient experienced cholangitis three months after in inadequate papillotomy and required operative intervention. Endoscopic papillotomy substantially decreased the pressure gradient existing between the CBD and the duodenum in all five patients studied with ERCP manometry. Endoscopic papillotomy is a relatively safe and effective procedure for postcholecystectomy patients with retained or recurrent CBD stones. The majority of CBD stones will pass spontaneously if the papillotomy is adequate.
The OHRP and SUPPORT
Authors: Benjamin S. Wilfond, David Magnus, Armand H. Antommaria, Paul Appelbaum, Judy Aschner, Keith J. Barrington, Tom Beauchamp, Renee D. Boss, Wylie Burke, Arthur L. Caplan, Alexander M. Capron, Mildred Cho, Ellen Wright Clayton, F. Sessions Cole, Brian A. Darlow, Douglas Diekema, Ruth R. Faden, Chris Feudtner, Joseph J. Fins, Norman C. Fost, Joel Frader, D. Micah Hester, Annie Janvier, Steven Joffe, Jeffrey Kahn, Nancy E. Kass, Eric Kodish, John D. Lantos, Laurence McCullough, Ross McKinney, William Meadow, P. Pearl O'Rourke, Kathleen E. Powderly, De Wayne M. Pursley, Lainie Friedman Ross, Sadath Sayeed, Richard R. Sharp, Jeremy Sugarman, William O. Tarnow-Mordi, Holly Taylor, Tom Tomlinson, Robert D. Truog, Yoram T. Unguru, Kathryn L. Weise, David Woodrum, Stuart Youngner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A group of medical ethicists and pediatricians asks for reconsideration of the recent Office for Human Research Protections decision about informed consent in SUPPORT.
TCT-627 Comparison of Procedural Feasibility Between Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold and New-generation Drug Eluting Stent in an All-comer Population
Authors: Katsumasa Sato, Azeem Latib, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Tadashi Miyazaki, Toru Naganuma, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Congenital Pelger‐Huet anomaly in triplets
Authors: Russell Ware, Joanne Kurtzberg, Jane Brazy, John M. Falletta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Congenital Pelger‐Huet anomaly is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by incomplete nuclear segmentation of granulocytes. The morphology of these mature but hyposegmented granulocytes may be confused with that of immature granulocytes (bands), thereby suggesting bacterial infection. We report the first known case of triplets with this condition, and emphasize the need to identify accurately this normal variant.
Acute Ventricular Septal Defect Following Inferior Wall Myo car dial Infarction
Authors: HOWARD L. DORNE, JERRY STERN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

First-pass cardiac radionuclide angiography diagnosed an acute ventricular septal defect in a patient who presented with an inferior wall myocardial infarction, pulmonary vascular congestion, a low cardiac output state, and a new murmur. The presence of a ventricular septal defect was confirmed by radiographic ventriculography.