tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Approximate Bayesian Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Polymorphism Data Reveals a Recent Colonization of Southeast Asia
Authors: Stefan J.Y. Laurent, Annegret Werzner, Laurent Excoffier, Wolfgang Stephan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Southeast Asian populations of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster differ from ancestral African and derived European populations by several morphological characteristics. It has been argued that this morphological differentiation could be the result of an early colonization of Southeast Asia that predated the migration of D. melanogaster to Europe after the last glacial period (around 10,000 years ago). To investigate the colonization process of Southeast Asia, we collected nucleotide polymorphism data for more than 200 X-linked fragments and 50 autosomal loci from a population of Malaysia. We analyzed this new single nucleotide polymorphism data set jointly with already existing data from an African and a European population by employing an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach. By contrasting different demographic models of these three populations, we do not find any evidence for an early divergence between the African and the Asian populations. Rather, we show that Asian and European populations of D. melanogaster share a non-African most recent common ancestor that existed about 2,500 years ago.
Practical progress in realisation of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis: results from two matched questionnaires within three years
Authors: D Aletaha
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Early diagnosis and treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been advocated for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This survey focuses on the individual definitions and treatment modalities of rheumatologists, and aims at determining the practical realisation of these concepts. <b>Methods:</b> A questionnaire to be self completed was handed out at the EULAR Symposium 1997. The main issues dealt with were definition, referral time, diagnosis, follow up, and treatment of early RA. Of the 111 participants, who were from all continents and all age groups, 85 (77%) gave their name and address. In 2000, the same questionnaire was sent to these 85 primary respondents. Forty four questionnaires (52%) were returned, and their results were matched and further evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The definition of early RA was heterogeneous, but two of three rheumatologists use the term “early” for symptoms shorter than three months. There was a drift towards acceptance of involvement of fewer affected joints. Serological tests obtained for early diagnosis were mostly rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies, usually in combination (approximately 70%), while other tests (antikeratin antibodies, antiperinuclear factor, anti-RA33) were used rarely, but increasingly (21–25% all together). No significant change in the lag time of referral to the specialist of patients with suspected early RA was seen within these three years (&lt;3 months for 50%, &gt;6 months for 20%), while the proportion followed up during the first three months increased. At both times, every second rheumatologist started DMARD treatment only when the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were fulfilled. However, in 1997 about 10% were willing to wait for erosions before starting DMARDs, while none did so in 2000. Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and antimalarial drugs were the most commonly prescribed DMARDs in early RA, with the first two of these still being in increasing use. <b>Conclusion:</b> The understanding of “early” rheumatoid arthritis is heterogeneous, but the vast majority of the rheumatologists surveyed regard symptom duration of &lt;3 months as early. Rheumatoid factor was the most useful laboratory support in early diagnosis. Because there has been no shortening of referral time of patients with new RA within the past three years, and many rheumatologists start DMARDs only when the ACR criteria are fulfilled, it is concluded that guidelines for early referral, as well as for early (rheumatoid) arthritis, are needed.
Bisphenol A Exposure during Pregnancy Disrupts Glucose Homeostasis in Mothers and Adult Male Offspring
Authors: Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Elaine Vieira, Sergi Soriano, Lorena Menes, Deborah Burks, Ivan Quesada, Angel Nadal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical used as the base compound in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics. In humans, epidemiological evidence has associated BPA exposure in adults with higher risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.We examined the action of environmentally relevant doses of BPA on glucose metabolism in mice during pregnancy and the impact of BPA exposure on these females later in life. We also investigated the consequences of in utero exposure to BPA on metabolic parameters and pancreatic function in offspring.Pregnant mice were treated with either vehicle or BPA (10 or 100 microg/kg/day) during days 9-16 of gestation. Glucose metabolism experiments were performed on pregnant mice and their offspring.BPA exposure aggravated the insulin resistance produced during pregnancy and was associated with decreased glucose tolerance and increased plasma insulin, triglyceride, and leptin concentrations relative to controls. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was reduced in skeletal muscle and liver of BPA-treated pregnant mice relative to controls. BPA exposure during gestation had long-term consequences for mothers: 4 months post-partum, treated females weighed more than untreated females and had higher plasma insulin, leptin, triglyceride, and glycerol levels and greater insulin resistance. At 6 months of age, male offspring exposed in utero had reduced glucose tolerance, increased insulin resistance, and altered blood parameters compared with offspring of untreated mothers. The islets of Langerhans from male offspring presented altered Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion. BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) incorporation into insulin-producing cells was reduced in the male progeny, yet beta-cell mass was unchanged.Our findings suggest that BPA may contribute to metabolic disorders relevant to glucose homeostasis and that BPA may be a risk factor for diabetes.
Hypophosphataemic Osteomalacia in the Adult with Defective Renal Tubular Function : A Report of Four Cases with Special Mention of the Effects of Massive Doses of Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Authors: S. de Seze, A. Lichtwitz, D. Hioco, P. Bordier, L. Miravet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

Osteomalacia in the adult is usually the result of malabsorption of calcium by the intestinal tract.Sometimes, however, it is due to a defect in the convoluted tubules of the kidney: either a tubular acidosis or a defective reabsorption of phosphorus by the proximal cells of the tubules.This condition may form part of the syndrome first described by Fanconi (1936) in the child, and later by Girardet and Fanconi (1952) in the adult.About thirty adult cases of Fanconi's syndrome have been recorded.Some of these appear to have been hereditary (Ben-Ishay, Dreyfuss, and
Problems in distinguishing tuberculosis of bowel from Crohn's disease in Asians.
Authors: G J Burke, S A Zafar
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The cases of five immigrants with definite or almost certain intestinal tuberculosis are described. Because of the clinical, pathological, and radiological features all were thought as some time, often for long periods, to have Crohn9s disease. Recommendations are made for medical and surgical treatment.
Compelled Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women-Reply
Authors: Lawrence J. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.—  Mr Ruley takes exception to our statement that  criminal law historically did not recognize  killing of a fetus in utero as homicide. We cited three modern (ie, since 1980) appellate court opinions for this proposition. One of these opinions 1 clearly stated that this rule  been accepted as  established law in every American jurisdiction that has considered  question and cited no fewer than ten recent appellate cases to this effect. Another 2 stated that at common law the killing of a fetus was not murder unless  child was born alive and then expired as a result of  injuries... sustained. We find these modern appellate authorities to be much more persuasive than Justice Boggs writing a dissenting opinion almost 90 years ago.  We assume Mr Donohoe is referring to Smith v Brennan rather than People v Smith for  proposition that a
Metabolomic profiling of asthma: Diagnostic utility of urine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Erik J. Saude, Christopher D. Skappak, Shana Regush, Kim Cook, Amos Ben-Zvi, Allan Becker, Redwan Moqbel, Brian D. Sykes, Brian H. Rowe, Darryl J. Adamko
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Steroid hormones and brain development: some guidelines for understanding actions of pseudohormones and other toxic agents.
Authors: B S McEwen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid hormones affect the brain directly, and the sensitivity to hormones begins in embryonic life with the appearance of hormone receptor sites in discrete populations of neurons. Because the secretion of hormones is also under control by its neural and pituitary targets, the brain-endocrine axis during development is in a delicately balanced state that can be upset in various ways, and any agent that disrupts normal hormone secretion can upset normal brain development. Moreover, exogenous substances that mimic the actions of natural hormones can also play havoc with CNS development and differentiation. This paper addresses these issues in the following order: First, actions of glucocorticoids on the developing nervous system related to cell division dendritic growth and neurotransmitter phenotype will be presented followed by a discussion of the developmental effects of synthetic steroids. Second, actions of estrogens related to brain sexual differentiation will be described, followed by a discussion of the actions of the nonsteroidal estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, as an example of exogenous estrogenic substances. The most important aspect of the potency of exogenous estrogens appears to be the degree to which they either bypass protective mechanisms or are subject to transformations to more active metabolites. Third, agents that influence hormone levels or otherwise modify the neuroendocrine system, such as nicotine, barbiturates, alcohol, opiates, and tetrahydrocannabinol, will be noted briefly to demonstrate the diversity of toxic agents that can influence neural development and affect personality, cognitive ability, and other aspects of behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vacuum Aspiration in Abortion
Authors: D. M. Kerslake
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBDIcanLJOURNAL 671 and other central teaching units, but is not always possible in the average district gen- eral hospital with which our article was mainly concerned.The great majority of children in hospital in Britain are not admitted to specialized teaching units but to district general hospi- tals, where shortage of nurses with specialist children's training is common, particularly at night.To state that it is "retrogressive" for children to be admitted to an all-age intensive therapy unit in these circum- stances is, I think, misleading, and shows a lack of appreciation of the difficulties under which many paediatric units in this country are working.Surely it is for each hospital to provide the best service possible for critically ill children in this category, depending upon availability of staff and facilities?The solu- tion to the problem basically depends upon the training of a greater number of nursing staff with specialist paediatric skills and their wide deployment throughout the country.Until this situation comes about, the trend towards the management of these children in a single all-age intensive ther- apy unit is likely to continue, and under these circumstances, it is of course, .mostimportant that the intensive therapy unit should be equipped and staffed with the care of child patients in mind.-Iam, etc.,
Influence of substituting B2O3 for CaF2 on the bonding behaviour to bone of glass-ceramics containing apatite and wollastonite
Authors: Toshiaki Kitsugi, Takao Yamamuro, Takashi Nakamura, Satoru Yoshii, Tadashi Kokubo, Masataka Takagi, Takehiro Shibuya
Journal: Biomaterials (1992)
Increased Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Myocardial Infarction in Non-smokers
Authors: P. Marks, P. A. Emerson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Out of 102 patients with cardiac infarction admitted to the coronary care unit at this hospital and not treated with anticoagulants 30 (29%) developed isotopic evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Of the 65 smokers only 7 (11%) developed a deep vein thrombosis, whereas of the 37 non-smokers 23 (62%) developed a deep vein thrombosis. This difference is highly significant (P &lt; 0·00001).
Cyclical variation in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in women
Authors: G.M.C Rosano, F Leonardo, G.M.C Rosano, F De Luca, P.M Sarrel, C.M Beale, P Collins
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

Summary Background Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in premenopausal women is often judged to be related to anxiety, and may be associated with the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to determine whether a cyclical variation of episodes of SVT exists and to correlate such variation with cyclical variation in plasma ovarian hormones. Methods 26 women (mean age 36 [SD 8]) years; with paroxysmal SVT were screened; those with regular menses who experienced at least three episodes of paroxysmal SVT in two consecutive 48-hour ambulatory ECG recordings were included. 13 patients (aged 32 [6] years) met these criteria. Patients underwent 48-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring and determination of plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β and progesterone on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 of their menstrual cycle. Findings An increase in the number and duration of episodes of paroxysmal SVT was observed on day 28 as compared to day 7 of the menstrual cycle. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma progesterone and number of episodes and duration of SVT (5·6 [2·2] ng/mL; r=0·83, p=0·0004; and r=0·82, p=0·0005), while a significant inverse correlation was found between plasma oestradiol-17β and number of episodes and duration of SVT (155 [22] pg/mL; r=-0·89, p<0·0001; and r=-0·81, p=0·0007). Interpretation Women with paroxysmal SVT and normal menses exhibit a cyclical variation in the occurrence of the arrhythmia with their menstrual cycle. There is a close correlation between the episodes of paroxysmal SVT and the plasma concentrations of ovarian hormones. These data suggest that changes in plasma levels of ovarian hormones (and their interaction) may be of importance in determining episodes of arrhythmia in such patients. The mechanisms of these effects are unknown.
"Treating evidence with contempt"
Authors: E. Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For 15 years I have studied the effectiveness and safety of treatments such as acupuncture and homeopathy. Often, the results were not what the proponents of these treatments had hoped for. One would have thought that this might lead to debate, further research, or even health policy changes. Sometimes it has, but recently we have witnessed a new phenomenon. People or organisations promoting highly questionable treatments are treating the evidence with contempt and flex their legal muscle to have it their way. 

The New Zealand Journal of Medicine recently published an article showing that most …
A modified acute kidney injury classification for diagnosis and risk stratification of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis
Authors: Claudia Fagundes, Rogelio Barreto, Mónica Guevara, Elisabet Garcia, Elsa Solà, Ezequiel Rodríguez, Isabel Graupera, Xavier Ariza, Gustavo Pereira, Ignacio Alfaro, Andrés Cárdenas, Javier Fernández, Esteban Poch, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
cerebral asymmetry: from survival strategies to social behaviour
Authors: jechil sieratzki, bencie woll
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

we describe a possible link between coordinated lateralised group behaviour serving species survival in lower vertebrates and a striking lateralisation phenomenon found in human social behaviour: the universal preference for cradling a young infant on the left side. our exploration offers a different perspective on the role of cerebral asymmetry for the survival of both the individual and the species.
Influence of Pyruvate on Contractile Performance and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Cycling in Isolated Failing Human Myocardium
Authors: Gerd Hasenfuss, Lars S. Maier, Hans-Peter Hermann, Claus LÜers, Mark HÜnlich, Oliver Zeitz, Paul M.L. Janssen, Burkert Pieske
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Application of pyruvate was shown to improve contractile function in isolated animal myocardium and hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure. We assessed the influence of pyruvate on systolic and diastolic myocardial function and its subcellular mode of action in isolated myocardium from end-stage failing human hearts. Methods and Results — In muscle strip preparations, concentration-dependent effects of pyruvate on developed and diastolic force (n=6), aequorin light emission reflecting intracellular Ca 2+ transients (n=6), and rapid cooling contractures reflecting sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ content (n=11) were measured. Pyruvate resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in developed force and a decrease in diastolic force, with a maximum effect of 155% and 21%, respectively, at 20 mmol/L pyruvate ( P &lt;0.05). This was associated with a dose-dependent prolongation of time to peak tension and relaxation time. Pyruvate increased rapid cooling contractures by 51% and aequorin light signals by 85% (at 15 and 20 mmol/L; P &lt;0.05). This indicates increased SR Ca 2+ content and increased intracellular Ca 2+ transients. The inotropic effect of pyruvate was still present after elimination of SR Ca 2+ storage function with 10 μmol/L cyclopiazonic acid and 1 μmol/L ryanodine (n=8). Pyruvate significantly increased intracellular pH from 7.31±0.03 to 7.40±0.04 by BCECF fluorescence (n=6). Conclusions — The present findings indicate that pyruvate improves contractile performance of failing human myocardium by increasing intracellular Ca 2+ transients as well as myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity. The former seem to result from increased SR Ca 2+ accumulation and release, the latter from increased intracellular pH.
Plasticizer Effect on Heart
Authors: A.R. NISSENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1977Plasticizer Effect on HeartA.R. NISSENSON, M.D.A.R. NISSENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-245_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent paper by Capelli and Kasparian (1) elegantly defines cardiac hemodynamic abnormalities in a small group of hemodialysis patients. That death in these patients is frequently related to cardiovascular complications has been well documented (2). Undoubtedly, hypertension, pericardial disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperparathyroidism, volume overload, and anemia all contribute to this high cardiovascular mortality (3).Of interest, however, is the possible effect of a less well-studied substance, a plasticizer (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate [DEHP]), on myocardial function in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ono, Tatsukawa, and Wakimoto (4) have reported accumulation of DEHP and one of its metabolites, phthalic acid, in the...References1. CAPELLIKASPARIAN JH: Cardiac work demands and left ventricular function in end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 86:261-267, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LINDNERCHARRASHERRARD ABD: Accelerated atherosclerosis in prolonged maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 290:697-701, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LAZURUSLOWRIEHAMPERS JEC: Cardiovascular disease in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Kidney Int (suppl 2):S167-S175, 1975 Google Scholar4. ONOTATSUKAWAWAKIMOTO KRT: Migration of plasticizer from hemodialysis blood tubing. JAMA 234:948-949, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LAWRENCEAUTIANMISRA WJP: Cardioactive substances leached from a commercial hemodialysis set (letter). N Engl J Med 292:1356, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByExposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Infants Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 1 August 1977Volume 87, Issue 2Page: 245-245KeywordsAnemiaHeartHemodynamicsHyperlipidemiaHyperparathyroidismHypertensionMetabolitesMortalityPericardial diseases Issue Published: 1 August 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The effect of hydrofluoric acid treatment of titanium surface on nanostructural and chemical changes and the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Sébastien F. Lamolle, Marta Monjo, Marina Rubert, Håvard J. Haugen, Ståle P. Lyngstadaas, Jan E. Ellingsen
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Passive Transfer of Antibodies to Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III in Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: W. B. White, R. W. Ryan, D. D. Staley, M. Ballow
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Immune serum globulins derived from pooled plasma are being scrutinized as a possible source of viral infection and a cause of seroconversion to the viral antibodies.<sup>1,2</sup>Recently, there has been evidence that antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (anti-HTLV-III) is present in anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin and may inducea transient seroconversion.<sup>2</sup>Fortunately, there is no evidence that hepatitis B vaccines transmit HTLV-III infection or are associated with the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<sup>2,3</sup>We recently evaluated several immunoglobulin preparations for the presence of anti-HTLV-III and studied whether hypogammaglobulinemic patients who had been receiving high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins developed positive serological test findings for anti-HTLV-III. Four of five immunoglobulin preparations were positive for anti-HTLV-III by enzyme immunoassay; however, only two preparations were positive by Western blot analysis (Table). Eleven patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia who had received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for more than two years were studied. None of these
Pericholangitis in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis of the Small Bile Ducts?
Authors: AILEEN WEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Review of liver biopsy specimens, autopsy specimens, and clinical records of 107 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary diseases showed "pericholangitis" (defined as small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis) in 37 (35%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (defined as large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis) in 18 (17%), chronic active hepatitis in 14 (13%), cryptogenic cirrhosis in 12 (11%), and miscellaneous lesions including malignancies in 26 (24%). Documented cirrhosis was present or developed in 37 patients (35%). The spectrum of histologic features of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis was indistinguishable from that of confirmed large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. In 6 of the 18 patients who eventually developed the large-duct disease, biopsy evidence 1 to 12 years earlier had shown small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. Thus, small-duct and large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis seem to be components of a disease spectrum.