tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
?-Adrenoceptor subtypes in rat aorta and mesenteric small arteries are preserved during left ventricular dysfunction post-myocardial infarction
Authors: F STASSEN, M WILLEMSEN, G JANSSEN, J DEMEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: In heart failure, homologous downregulation of β-adrenoceptors contributes to impaired adrenergic responsiveness of the myocardium. We evaluated α 1 ,-adrenoceptors (α 1 -AR) in a sparsely innervated and a densely innervated peripheral artery in an experimental model of left ventricular dysfunction post-myocardial infarction. Methods: [ 3 H]Prazosin binding was determined in arterial segments of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and of Wistar rats 5 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation (SHAM). Results: In the thoracic aorta (TAO) of WKY, specific prazosin binding was: (i) prevented by the irreversible α 1 B -AR and relatively selective α 1 D -AR antagonist, chloroethylclonidine (CEC); (ii) displaced with low affinity (p Ki 6.25) by the α 1 A -AR selective ligand, (+)-niguldipine; and (iii) displaced with both high (p Ki 10.4) and low (p Ki 7.37) affinity by the α 1 D -AR antagonist, BMY 7378. In mesenteric small arteries (MSA) of WKY, prazosin binding was: (i) reduced 50% by CEC; (ii) displaced in a biphasic fashion by (+)-niguldipine (p Ki 8.60 and p Ki 6.22); and (iii) displaced by BMY 7378 with low affinity only (p Ki 6.86). Also in TAO of SHAM, prazosin binding was prevented by CEC, but neither 30 nM (+)-niguldipine nor 1 nM BMY 7378 affected it. In MSA of SHAM, prazosin binding was virtually abolished in the presence of 30 nM (+)-niguldipine and was not reduced by 1 nM BMY 7378. In TAO and MSA of MI, compared to SHAM, the density of binding sites tended to be increased rather than decreased and neither the affinity for the ligand nor the effects of α 1 -AR subtype selective tools were significantly modified. Conclusions: These findings indicate that: (i) radioligand binding can be applied in intact arterial segments to quantify and characterize α 1 -AR; (ii) although differences seem to exist between rat strains, α 1 B -AR and α 1D -AR predominate in rat thoracic aorta and α 1 A -AR and α 1B -AR in mesenteric small arteries; and (iii) α 1 -AR density is not reduced in the poorly innervated aorta and the densely innervated mesenteric small arteries of rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction.
National general practice study of epilepsy: the social and psychological effects of a recent diagnosis of epilepsy.
Authors: J. E. Chaplin, R. Yepez Lasso, S. D. Shorvon, M. Floyd
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To determine the nature and extent of psychosocial problems in epilepsy and their associations. DESIGN--A postal survey was used drawing data from prospective consecutive cases. Data on demographic, medical, and social backgrounds were collected. A specially designed, validated attitude questionnaire examined 14 areas of psychosocial adjustment to epilepsy. SETTING--124 primary care general practices. SUBJECTS--Adults (aged over 17) with a recent diagnosis of epilepsy (within previous 36 months). They were registered with the national general practice study of epilepsy and had a confirmed diagnosis according to the usual criteria. 216 subjects were approached for the survey by their general practitioners; 192 returned questionnaires. RESULTS--Problems in at least one area were experienced by 175 (91%) of the 192 subjects. Problems were generally mild, which contrasts strongly with findings in chronic cases. The areas of greatest concern were fear of seizures (80% of cases; 72% moderate or severe) and fear of stigma in employment (69% of cases; 40% moderate or severe). A highly significant relation was found between psychosocial effects and the frequency and recency of seizures. CONCLUSIONS--In the early stages of epilepsy psychosocial effects are closely related to the severity of the medical condition, suggesting that the argument for the stigmatising effect of the diagnosis by itself is less important than previously thought. The findings also suggest that problems may evolve as the condition becomes chronic.
ANESTHESIA FOR CONJUNCTIVA AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
Authors: Leo L. Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 14, a series of articles concerning the uses of narcotics was begun. Your introduction, as usual, is of a high order, showing the object of the essays. On page 858 the following statements are made by Cutler and Holloway: "Unfortunately, science has not yet provided a substitute that will satisfactorily produce anesthesia when placed on the conjunctiva and mucous membrane, although in the former case holocaine is quite useful. Until such a drug is forthcoming, ophthalmologists and otorhinolaryngologists must continue to use cocaine for producing anesthesia by application to surfaces." Such a conclusion is erroneous and does not give the scientific facts. All up-to-date medical men know of the value of<i>p</i>-aminobenzoyl-γ-dinormalbutylaminopropanol sulphate (Butyn) for anesthesia. I hold no brief for Abbott Laboratories, but such a dogmatic statement should not go unchallenged. Also, there is Nupercaine. Why not give these drugs the
Are public inquiries losing their independence?
Authors: Kieran Walshe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

P ublic inquiries have played an important part in the NHS in recent years. Several major failures in our healthcare services have been subjected to independent, public investigations, and the reports from those inquiries have had a wide ranging impact on health policy ( Health Affairs 2004;23(3): 103-11 and BMJ 2002;325: 895-900). Just before the UK elections in May 2005, the Inquiries Act 2005 slipped almost unnoticed on to the statute book. The government presented the act as primarily an exercise in legislative housekeeping—replacing the outdated Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act of 1921 and provisions for inquiries in various sector specific legislation like the NHS Act 1977, with a single, clear, and coherent set of provisions for establishing and undertaking public inquiries.

> The new Inquiries Act gives government ministers unprecedented powers 

In …
NICE chief criticises "one size fits all" approach to health promotion
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A targeted approach to delivering health promotion interventions for minority ethnic communities is needed, according to Mike Kelly, director of the centre for public health excellence at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Speaking at a conference on Ethnicity and Health at the Royal College of Physicians in London last week, Professor Kelly said, “It has been the greatest challenge of my career to convince politicians that ‘one size fits all’ is not the answer.” He added, “There have been missed opportunities over the past 10 years.”

Professor Kelly called for both a targeted and universal approach to health …
Anaphylactic release of a basophil kallikrein-like activity. I. Purification and characterization.
Authors: H H Newball, R W Berninger, R C Talamo, L M Lichtenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

These studies describe the IgE-mediated relase of a basophil kallikrein-like enzyme that is an arginine esterase and is inhibited by plasma, diisopropylphosphofluoridate, and Trasylol. The substrate specificity for the synthetic amino acid ester substrates p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginien methyl ester, benzoyl-arginine methyl ester, and acetyl-tyrosine methyl ester is similar for the basophil enzyme and plasma kallikrein. The interaction of arginine esterase-active fractions from ion-exchange (DEAE-Sephacel) and gel filtration (Sepharose 6B) chromatography, with human plasma kininogen, generates immunoreactive kinin. The basophil arginine esterase and kinin-generating activities co-chromatograph on Sepharose 6B and the quantity of kinin generated is, in general, proportional to the arginine esterase activity of the column fractions, suggesting that these two activities are subserved by the same protease. The ability of this protease to generate kinin equally well from heat- and acid-treated plasma, as from fresh human plasma, suggests that this protease has kallikrein-like activity. These data suggest that kallikrein-like activity can be generated from human basophils as a direct result of a primary IgE-mediated immune reaction, thus providing a potential link between reactions of immediate hypersensitivity and the plasma and(or) tissue kinin-generating systems.
Hepatic expression of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen during acute and chronic infection and detection of a woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen antibody response
Authors: J R Jacob, M A Ascenzi, C A Roneker, I A Toshkov, P J Cote, J L Gerin, B C Tennant
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The expression and localization of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen (WHxAg) was examined and compared with other markers of a woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection using rabbit antisera generated against recombinant WHxAg produced in bacteria. Cellular fractionation studies showed that WHxAg was localized to the soluble and cytoskeletal fractions of the cell when assayed by immunoprecipitation of [ 35 S]-met-cys labeled extracts derived from primary cultures of acute WHV-infected hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical examination of liver from chronic WHV-infected animals showed WHV core antigen (WHcAg) and WHxAg expression in non-neoplastic tissue. The WHxAg was found localized to the cytoplasm of infected cells, similar to WHcAg. WHxAg expression was diminished in the foci of altered hepatocytes and in hepatocellular adenomas but was found in only 1 of 11 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Hepatic biopsies from woodchucks experimentally inoculated with WHV were examined during the acute phase of infection and during convalescence for WHcAg and WHxAg expression by immunohistochemistry. Concurrent expression of WHcAg and WHxAg was observed during the viremic phase of infection. The two antigens exhibited similar localization to the cell cytoplasm, similar distribution within the liver lobule, and similar patterns of clearance during convalescence. An immune response to WHxAg was documented in some woodchucks following acute WHV infection. These studies further define the woodchuck model of HBV infection and should allow for the investigation of the role of hepadnaviral X-antigen expression in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis and HCC.
<i>ARLTS1</i> Trp149Stop Mutation and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Fabio Petrocca, George A. Calin, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In Response:We completely agree with Masojc et al. that “Trp149Stop is a mutation” yielding a dysfunctional product with a role in tumorigenesis. Moreover, their data reporting comparable frequency of ARLTS1 Trp149Stop variant in unselected ovarian cancers and controls agrees with our initial observations that the frequency of this variant is similar in patients with sporadic cancer and control cases (1).We also proposed that down-regulation of ARLTS1 by deletion and/or hypermethylation is a frequent event in sporadic cancers, including ovarian cancers, and that this mechanism may represent the counterpart of ARLTS1 mutations observed with increased frequency in familial cancers (1, 2). In support of ARLTS1 involvement in familial cancer predisposition, a second variant (Cys148Arg) has been shown to confer increased risk for familial breast cancer (3).In the light of two studies by Frank et al. linking Trp149Stop variant to increased risk of familial breast cancer in BRCA1-negative and BRCA2-negative families (4) and bilateral breast cancer (3), it would be interesting to determine the difference in Trp149Stop frequency between sporadic and familial ovarian tumors in various human populations.
ONE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME NON ST ELEVATION PATIENTS TREATED WITH DIRECT VERSUS PREDILATATION STENT STRATEGY
Authors: Javier Jair Obreg&oacute;n, Alejandro Maldonado, Gentil Barreira, Juliano Slhessarenko, J. Ribamar Costa, Dimytri Siqueira, Alexandre Abizaid, Fausto Feres, Amanda Sousa, Jose Eduardo Morais Rego Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Advances in Preventive Therapy.
Authors: J. Cuzick
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Recent evidence on the chemoprevention of breast cancer has come from a number of sources: 1) Recent data on a new SERM – lasofoxifene – suggests this might be an attractive option, but further details are needed to fully evaluate its role. 2) Update on the tamoxifen and raloxifene preventive trials have shown a continued benefit after treatment completion, and an overview is ongoing to combine all the post-treatment data on risks and benefits. 3) Simple biomarkers for the preventive effect of tamoxifen have been reported. These include both genetic markers such as 2D6 polymorphisms and the observation that 12-18 month changes in breast density are predicative of the subsequent preventive benefit of this drug. A report from the ATAC trial indicating that the occurrence of endocrine symptoms predicts response to both tamoxifen and anastrozole may also have relevance in the preventive setting. 4) Long term follow-up of the adjuvant trials using aromatase trials has provided new evidence on the duration of a potential preventive effect by looking at isolated new contralateral tumours. This has been an excellent model for tamoxifen and may well also be so for the AIs. 5) New data confirm the long term protective effect of aspirin on breast cancer, but suggests it needs to be taken for at least 10 years to get a benefit. Mixed data have appeared for the statins. These issues will be reviewed and discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES2-1.
Hb D‐Punjab [β 121 (GH4) Glu→Gln]/β<sup>0</sup>‐thalassemia [IVSII.1(G→A)] in two cases from an Iranian family: First report
Authors: Zohreh Rahimi, Reza Akramipour, Shahla Korani, Ronald L. Nagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)
Commitment to tackling alcohol misuse is missing from UN summit declaration, experts say
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After months of negotiations and lobbying by industry groups, non-governmental organisations, and public health experts, national governments have finally agreed the political declaration that will form the spine of the UN summit on non-communicable diseases later this month.

Representatives of the 193 United Nations member states will meet in New York on 19 and 20 September to commit to the declaration, which details how they should tackle rising rates of non-communicable diseases—notably cardiovascular and respiratory disease, cancer, and diabetes—in low and middle income countries.

Draft documents have been circulating for several months, and the BMJ reported last month how …
THU0223 Vastus Medialis Muscle FAT Content as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging is A Risk Factor for Knee Osteoarthritis Progression: Relevance in A Clinical Trial
Authors: J.-P. Raynauld, J.-P. Pelletier, F. Abram, M. Dorais, Y. Wang, J. Fairley, F. Cicuttini, J. Martel-Pelletier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent osteoarthritis (OA) studies propose vastus medialis (VM) muscle surface as a variable associated with cartilage volume loss over time. However, such muscle area may also include a significant proportion of fatty infiltration which may influence the knee mechanics/metabolism. <h3>Objectives</h3> We contrasted the muscle fatty infiltration with cartilage volume loss and changes in bone marrow lesions (BMLs) assessed by MRI using data from a recent randomized clinical trial in knee OA<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Methods</h3> A subgroup of 143 patients from the according-to-protocol population of a 2-year randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of licofelone vs. naproxen and having MRI acquisitions at baseline and 2 years were studied. MR images of the VM (mm<sup>2</sup>) were evaluated semi-automatically and VM percentage of fatty infiltration (%Fat) by a fully automated software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between VM area and its %Fat, cartilage volume loss, and BML change over 2 years. <h3>Results</h3> The average %Fat/VM surface area was 6.3±3.9%. In the VM, the median baseline %Fat (5.1%) was chosen to separate patients with high vs. low fat content. Female (p=0.004) and higher BMI (33.2±5.7 vs. 30.2±5.3, p=0.001) and disability (WOMAC function 59±18 vs. 53±15, p=0.04) were associated with a higher %Fat. Change at 2 years in %Fat was univariately strongly associated with an increase in the BML score in the global knee (p=0.0002) and cartilage volume loss in the global knee (p=0.01), lateral compartment (p=0.02), plateau (p=0.01), and medial plateau (p=0.03). No correlations were found between %Fat change and change in symptoms over time. Multivariate analyses correcting for age, gender, BMI, and meniscal damage revealed correlations with %Fat for the global knee (p=0.011), plateau (p=0.012), and medial plateau (p=0.019) and condyle (p=0.027). Importantly, %Fat change was independently and strongly associated with BML change (p&lt;0.0001). All the above changes were found irrespective of the treatment the patients had during the clinical trial. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data demonstrated, for the first time, that the %Fat in the VM was strongly associated with cartilage volume loss and the occurrence and progression of BMLs <h3>References</h3> Raynauld JP, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:938-47. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : J.-P. Raynauld Consultant for: ArthroLab Inc., J.-P. Pelletier Shareholder of: ArthroLab Inc., F. Abram Employee of: ArthroLab Inc., M. Dorais Consultant for: ArthroLab Inc., Y. Wang: None declared, J. Fairley: None declared, F. Cicuttini: None declared, J. Martel-Pelletier Shareholder of: ArthroLab Inc. <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2369
Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta
Authors: DAVID D. PORTER, RAMON V. CANENT, MADISON S. SPACH, GEORGE J. BAYLIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A case of aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery has been presented. A venous cineangiocardiogram demonstrated filling of the left side of the heart from the right atrium with subsequent opacification of the aorta and the anomalous right pulmonary artery without initial opacification of the right ventricle and main plus left pulmonary artery. At necropsy there was a fibrous band connecting the main pulmonary artery with the anomalous vessel. The embryologic implications suggest that this case represents atresia of the proximal portion of the right sixth aortic arch.
Phospholipid Metabolism in the Initiation of Renal Compensatory Growth after Acute Reduction of Renal Mass
Authors: F. Gary Toback, Patricia D. Smith, Leah M. Lowenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Membrane metabolism was studied during the initiation of compensatory growth after acute reduction in renal mass. The rate of [14C]choline incorporation into phospholipid in renal cortical slices was increased by 37% at 5 min of compensatory growth in mice. The rate increased to the maximal value of 68% by 20 min and remained there for 3 h. The rate then remained increased at 28-34% above normal for 2 days and returned to normal by the 6th day.
Ultra-Orthodox Jews criticised over circumcision practice
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Representatives from the New York City's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and representatives of ultra-Orthodox Jews are meeting this week to try to resolve a controversy over an ancient circumcision practice called metzitzah b'peh (“suction by mouth”).

The health department says the practice led to the death of one newborn boy from herpes simplex type 1 and caused brain damage in another. Seven cases of herpes have been linked to the practice since 1998. Three of the five recent cases were traced to one practitioner (called a mohel).

In metzitzah b'peh, the practitioner removes the baby's foreskin and then sucks blood from the wound to clean it. The practice is used only by a …
Dialysis dose and the effect of gender and body size on outcome in the HEMO Study
Authors: Thomas Depner, John Daugirdas, Tom Greene, Michael Allon, Gerald Beck, Cameron Chumlea, James Delmez, Frank Gotch, John Kusek, Nathan Levin, Edwin Macon, Edgar Milford, William Owen, Robert Star, Robert Toto, Garabed Eknoyan, None for the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
The Regulation of Renal Calcium Excretion: An Approach to Hypercalciuria
Authors: A F Stewart, A E Broadus
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1981)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
The Surgical Art of Harvey Cushing
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<b>Neurosurgical Classics</b>, by Robert H. Wilkins, 523 pp, with illus, $85, ISBN 1-879284-09-X, Park Ridge, Ill, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1992. It was the custom of America's first great neurosurgeon, Harvey Cushing, to make sketches of important stages in every operation he carried out, which were entered into the chart as soon as his part was concluded. He had a considerable native talent, fostered by medical artist Max Brödel, with whom he worked at the Johns Hopkins University Hospital before becoming neurosurgeon-in-chief at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. These sketches were worked up into finished drawings for publication, for many years by one of Brödel's pupils, Mildred Codding. The current chief of neurosurgery at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Peter McL. Black, has cooperated in an effort to save as many of the old records of the Cushing neurosurgical cases as possible, aided by the former chief
Just who has copped out?
Authors: M. T. Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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Book Review Gastrointestinal Oncology: Principles and Practice Edited by David P. Kelsen, John M. Daly, Scott E. Kern, Bernard Levin, and Joel E. Tepper. 957 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2002. $169. 0-7817-2230-6
Authors: Matthew H. Kulke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)