tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal asphyxia and inadvertent neonatal intoxication from local anaesthetics given to the mother during labour
Authors: Maria Serenella Pignotti, Giuseppe Indolfi, Riccardo Ciuti, Gianpaolo Donzelli
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In 1998, Edwards and Nelson discussed whether asphyxia at birth really is an important cause of neonatal encephalopathy and wondered how often neurological impairment in children is due to perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and how often to entirely different causes.1 We describe two cases of neonatal intoxication resulting from the administration of local anaesthetic to the mother during labour but which we initially diagnosed as perinatal asphyxia. We analyse here the major manifestations of acute poisoning in newborns and the clinical picture that could be misdiagnosed as perinatal asphyxia. Early and correct diagnosis is recommended for allowing adequate treatment and a positive outcome and for ruling out the medicolegal aspect of perinatal asphyxias (law courts often have to decide whether a child's neurological impairment is the result of mismanagement of labour, leading to asphyxia).

Within minutes of birth, two full term neonates delivered vaginally presented sudden neurological and cardiac signs such as apnoea, bradycardia, seizures, and hypotonia. In both cases no evidence of fetal distress was noted, and the fetal monitoring was normal. They were transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit with a presumptive diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia.

### Case 1

A 3550 g male infant was born after an uneventful pregnancy; episiotomy was performed after application of combined lidocaine (2.5%) and prilocaine (2.5%) cream. The Apgar score was high (9 at one minute, 9 at five minutes). Thirty minutes after birth, while still in the delivery room, the neonate suddenly developed apnoea, bradycardia, and hypotonia. He was intubated and mechanically ventilated.

His cardiorespiratory function gradually improved, and he was extubated 30 minutes later. However, at this stage he began to show the first signs of neurological involvement, characterised by generalised hypertonia, which required transfer to our neonatal intensive care unit. During transport (at age one and a half hours) he had tonic …
Prospective study of early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Hiroko Oka, Narito Kurioka, Kosyun Kim, Toru Kanno, Tetsuo Kuroki, Yasuhiro Mizoguchi, Kenzo Kobayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We prospectively monitored 140 cirrhotic patients for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma for 6 yr, using periodical screening by high-resolution convex-array ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein. Twenty-eight patients were positive for HBs antigen, 26 patients had received blood transfusions and were negative for HBs antigen and 26 patients had a history of heavy drinking. We detected hepatocellular carcinoma in 40 patients during this period. The overall cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the 6 yr was 39%; the cumulative incidence was 59% in patients with HBsAg, 53% in patients who had had blood transfusions and were negative for HBsAg and 22% in patients who had a history of heavy drinking and who were without HBsAg. Detection of the carcinoma in 85% of these 40 patients was based on results of ultrasonography. Twenty-six of the patients (65%) had a small hepatocellular carcinoma of 2 cm or less. alpha-Fetoprotein levels were lower than 100 ng/ml in 56% of these 40 patients. Patients with cirrhosis are at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, especially patients with HBsAg or with a history of blood transfusion who are negative for HBsAg. Periodic monitoring by use of ultrasonography in particular is recommended for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Preregistration house officers in the four Thames regions: II. Comparison of education and workload in teaching and non-teaching hospitals.
Authors: T H Dent, J H Gillard, E J Aarons, H L Crimlisk, P J Smyth-Pigott
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To detect differences in the education and workload of preregistration house officers working in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. DESIGN--A postal questionnaire. SETTING--Teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the four Thames regions. PARTICIPANTS--1064 Preregistration house officers. RESULTS--Response rate was 61% for teaching hospitals and 73% for non-teaching hospitals. House officers in teaching hospitals had significantly fewer inpatients under their care (house physicians 16.9 v 22.9, house surgeons 17.9 v 20.3) and admitted fewer emergency patients per week (house physicians 7.7 v 12.7, house surgeons 6.5 v 9.8). More house officers in teaching hospitals reported that they had too few patients to provide adequate clinical experience. More of their time was consumed by administrative activities devoid of educational value. CONCLUSION--Preregistration house officer posts at teaching hospitals provide less clinical activity and are perceived as less educationally satisfactory by their holders than those elsewhere.
Haem arginate in acute hepatic porphyrias.
Authors: V Kordac, P Martasek
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> IL-32 is a non-classical cytokine expressed in cancers, inflammatory diseases and infections. IL-32 can have both extracellular and intracellular functions, and its receptor is not identified. We here demonstrate that endogenously expressed, intracellular IL-32 binds to components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and promotes oxidative phosphorylation. Knocking out IL-32 in malignant plasma cells significantly reduced survival and proliferation <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. High throughput transcriptomic and MS-metabolomic profiling of IL-32 KO cells revealed that loss of IL-32 leads to profound perturbations in metabolic pathways, with accumulation of lipids, pyruvate precursors and citrate, indicative of reduced mitochondrial function. IL-32 is expressed in a subgroup of multiple myeloma patients with an inferior prognosis. Primary myeloma cells expressing IL-32 were characterized by a plasma cell gene signature associated with immune activation, proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a novel concept for regulation of metabolism by an intracellular cytokine and identify IL-32 as an endogenous growth and survival factor for malignant plasma cells. IL-32 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a treatment target in multiple myeloma.
'Moto-stand' expands range of activities for disabled
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reducing the toll of road traffic accidents
Authors: J. Bache
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Rodger Charlton and Gary Smith (October 2003, JRSM1) provide useful suggestions on how to reduce the toll of road traffic accidents. However, I am surprised that they make no mention of the need to develop a more robust system of renewal of driving licences, particularly in the elderly population.2 Although I have no concrete evidence whatsoever, personal observation over many years has convinced me that accidents on the roads are increasingly attributable to elderly drivers, many of whom have poor reaction times, poor memory, poor concentration and poor visual acuity, and are physically very frail.
Human IgG Fc domain engineering enhances antitoxin neutralizing antibody activity
Authors: Stylianos Bournazos, Siu-Kei Chow, Nareen Abboud, Arturo Casadevall, Jeffrey V. Ravetch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The effector activity of antibodies is dependent on engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) and activation of the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Preclinical evaluation of therapeutic humanized or chimeric mAbs to study the interactions of their Fc regions with FcγRs is hampered by substantial structural and functional FcγR diversity among species. In this report, we used mice expressing only human FcγRs to evaluate the contribution of FcγR-mediated pathways to the neutralizing activity of an anti-anthrax toxin chimeric mAb. We observed that the protective activity of this mAb was highly dependent upon FcγR engagement, with minimal protection against anthrax toxin observed in FcγR-deficient mice following mAb administration. We generated anti-anthrax toxin mAbs with specific Fc domain variants with selectively enhanced affinity for particular human FcγRs and assessed their activity in FcγR-humanized mice. We determined that Fc domain variants that were capable of selectively engaging activating FcγRs substantially enhanced the in vitro and in vivo activity of anthrax toxin-neutralizing antibodies. These findings indicate that the application of Fc domain engineering is a feasible strategy to enhance toxin-neutralizing activity and suggest that engineered antitoxin antibodies will have improved therapeutic efficacy.
p53-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in individuals with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: A.P. Black, A. Bailey, L. Jones, R.J. Turner, K. Hollowood, G.S. Ogg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Systemic immunosuppression is a significant risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). p53 is mutated and overexpressed in up to 90% of cutaneous SCC lesions. Despite considerable evidence that the immune response is important in the control of cutaneous SCC, there are no studies documenting potential tumour-associated antigens.We tested the hypothesis that individuals with cutaneous SCC have functional circulating CD8+ T cells specific for p53.Interferon-gamma immunosorbent assays were used to screen peripheral blood mononuclear cells for reactivity to six p53-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes from HLA-A*0201-positive patients and controls.We observed significantly elevated frequencies of p53-specific CD8+ T cells in seven of 26 individuals with cutaneous SCC and in one of 10 controls. The degree of lymphocytic infiltrate significantly correlated with the frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for p53 epitopes, but not with control epitopes.Overall, these data suggest that p53 may represent a target for CD8+ T cells in a proportion of individuals with cutaneous SCC.
Beta<sub>2</sub> microglobulin in multiple myeloma
Authors: Raymond Alexanian, Bart Barlogie, Herbert Fritsche
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels (B 2 M) were evaluated before and during chemotherapy in 97 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Pretreatment values were useful in confirming tumor mass grade, and marked reductions following chemotherapy correlated well with the onset of remission. No gain was evident from correcting the B 2 M for the level of serum creatinine. A pretreatment B 2 M value greater than 6 mg/L correlated with a low response rate and was the most important variable that predicted a short survival time.
QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF ANTIGENIC DISPARITY AT <i>HL-A</i>—THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS IN MAN
Authors: Richard J. Albertini, Fritz H. Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

We have extended the method of one-way stimulation in mixed leukocyte culture tests as previously described to quantitate different degrees of stimulation. To demonstrate that the amount of stimulation is immunogenetically meaningful, siblings and parents in families in whom genotyping on the basis of leukocyte antigen data was possible were tested. The prediction that cells of siblings differing from the responding sibling by both alleles at HL-A, stimulate more than do cells of siblings differing by only one allele, was realized in every case. One exception, with cells of a parent, is discussed. It is stressed that the differences measured here are probably fairly strong ones in the majority of cases, and that lesser differences cannot yet be detected reproducibly.
Controlled study of PUVA and adjunctive topical therapy in the management of psoriasis
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON, JOHN A. PARRISH, THOMAS B. FITZPATRICK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

In a random study of 116 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) used alone was compared to PUVA plus adjunctive topical therapy with tar, dithranol, or topical corticosteroids. PUVA plus topical corticosteroids produced more rapid clearing of psoriasis but despite maintenance therapy, the frequency of recurrences of the disease during the early phase of follow-up was significantly higher with that treatment, as compared to all other treatments. Dithranol plus PUVA also cleared psoriasis quicker than PUVA alone but patient acceptability for that regimen was low. The addition of tar to PUVA therapy appeared to have little influence on results.
Stimulation of myelopoiesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in other lymphoproliferative disorders by recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Saroj Vadhan‐Raj, William S. Velasquez, James J. Butler, Anne Lemaistre, Jose Lepe‐Zuniga, Michael J. Keating, Charles A. Koller, Jordan U. Gutterman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract In an attempt to stimulate granulopoiesis, we administered recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) to 11 patients with lymphoprolif‐erative disorders. Ten patients had neutropenia, six of whom had severe neutropenia (&lt;500 neutrophils), including two with agranulocytosis. GM‐CSF (60‐250 μg/m 2 /day) was administered by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 14 days at 2‐week intervals. Significant increases in white blood cell counts (1.3‐ to 11.7‐fold) and neutrophils (1.7‐ to more than 29‐fold) were seen in 10 of 11 patients, including one patient with agranulocytosis. Eosinophils (3.9‐ to &gt; 65‐fold) and monocytes (1.3‐ to &gt;5‐fold) increased as well. In contrast, no significant increases were seen in total lymphocytes or in different phenotypic subsets of lymphocytes during treatment. The overall proportion of myeloid and lymphoid elements in bone marrow remained stable. These results indicate that GM‐CSF is effective in stimulating myelopoiesis in neutropenic states associated with lymphopro‐liferative disorders. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether the correction of neutropenia ultimately translates into clinical benefit.
Intramuscular injection and coagulation defects.
Authors: T Dyk
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Intramuscular Injection andCoagulation Defects Sit,-I read with interest the remarks of Dr. P. M. Jones (24 June, p. 770) on the danger of intramuscular injections in hae- mophiliacs.The danger also exists-and to a greater extent-in patients receiving anti- coagulant therapy, especally heparin.In haemophiliacs only one system of coagu- lation is disturbed-that is, the intrinsic-
Polyethylene glycol-drug ester conjugates for prolonged retention of small inhaled drugs in the lung
Authors: F.J.C. Bayard, W. Thielemans, D.I. Pritchard, S.W. Paine, S.S. Young, P. Bäckman, P. Ewing, C. Bosquillon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

Typically, inhaled drugs are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, which results in systemic side effects and a brief residence time in the lungs. PEGylation was evaluated as a novel strategy for prolonging the retention of small inhaled molecules in the pulmonary tissue. Hydrolysable ester conjugates of PEG₁₀₀₀, PEG₂₀₀₀, ₂₀₀₀, PEG₃₄₀₀ and prednisolone, a model drug cleared from the lungs within a few minutes, were synthesised and thoroughly characterised. The conjugates were stable in buffers with hydrolysis half-lives ranging from 1h to 70 h, depending on the pH and level of substitution. With the exception of PEG₃₄₀₀-prednisolone, conjugates did not induce a significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from Calu-3 cells after a 20 h exposure. Following nebulisation to isolated perfused rat lungs (IPRL), the PEG₂₀₀₀ and mPEG₂₀₀₀ conjugates reduced the maximum prednisolone concentration in the perfusate (Cmax) by 3.0 and 2.2 fold, respectively. Moreover, while prednisolone was undetectable in the perfusion solution beyond 20 min when the free drug was administered, prednisolone concentrations were still quantifiable after 40 min following delivery of the conjugates. This study is the first to demonstrate hydrolysable PEG drug ester conjugates are a promising approach for optimising the pharmacokinetic profile of small drugs delivered by inhalation.
<i>CCR</i> 20th Anniversary Commentary: Stayin' Alive—Antiapoptotic Proteins and Breast Cancer
Authors: Douglas Yee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The control of cell death involves a complex interaction of multiple proteins. In a study published in the January 1, 2000, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Tanaka and colleagues demonstrated that one of the proapoptotic proteins, survivin, was frequently expressed in breast cancer. In the subsequent years, effectors of apoptosis have translated into important prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 665–6. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Tanaka et al., Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(1) January 2000;127–34
Surgeons in training may benefit from mental visualisation
Authors: S. Arora
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Top athletes need more than purely physical training. To be at your peak requires mastery of motor skills and mental endurance and the ability to manage distractions, the media, and the weight of public expectations. The tasks that elite athletes face are in some ways similar to those faced by clinicians performing interventional procedures, especially surgeons. They too require mastery of complex fine and gross motor skills that take long, arduous hours to perfect. Both athletes and surgeons must maintain intense mental concentration, often for long periods of time, under high pressures and in circumstances that are rarely routine. Given these similarities, what can clinicians learn from the preparation and training of athletes?

One technique that we might consider is athletes’ use of mental practice—that is, the cognitive rehearsal of a task in the absence of physical movement.1 This mental visualisation of the successful execution of the task in the mind’s …
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Health Care Workers
Authors: Ziad A. Memish, Alimuddin I. Zumla, Abdullah Assiri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

MERS coronavirus has recently emerged as a pathogen causing severe infection in humans. In a report from Saudi Arabia, mild infection in health care workers caring for infected patients is identified through a screening program. Implications for infection control are discussed.
The Role of Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 Citrate in Predicting the Cure of Osteomyelitis
Authors: G D GRAHAM, M M LUNDY, A J MORENO, R J FREDERICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Twenty rabbits with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia were treated for eight weeks and then scanned with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate. All were sacrificed and bacteriologic cultures of the tibia were obtained. All rabbits had positive Tc-99m MDP scans at the end of treatment despite thirteen cures of osteomyelitis. Eight had negative gallium scans and negative cultures. Five of the twelve positive gallium scans had negative cultures, while seven had positive cultures. Tc-99m MDP alone is not sensitive enough to be useful in predicting the cure of osteomyelitis, and combining Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate scintigrams offers no additional information over the Ga-67 citrate scintigram alone in follow-up of osteomyelitis.
GLOVER'S MANGE CURE FOR DISEASES OF THE SCALP OR LOSS OF HAIR
Authors: Murray P. Whichard
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Miss J. R. W., a schoolteacher, aged 23, purchased a bottle of Glover's Mange Cure, a preparation manufactured by the H. Clay Glover Company, Inc., located at 127-129 West Twenty-Fourth Street, New York City. The bottle contained the following directions: "When used for disease of the scalp or loss of hair from the human head, apply daily, rubbing gently into the scalp, using either a soft brush or the hands." The purchaser used the preparation according to directions, applying it to the scalp and rubbing it in thoroughly. Then, wrapping a turkish towel about her head, she slept for a couple of hours. When she awoke, a dead feeling was present in the scalp and neck; this feeling extended to the ears, which, in addition, were badly swollen and congested. She washed her head at once with soap and water without any apparent relief, and when repeated washings failed to
UK government response to Hilary Pickles
Authors: David Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2006)

After national and international consultation, the Department of Health relaunched its pandemic plan in late 2005. It provided additional information, particularly on the expected burdens on the NHS, and outlined the actions the government and authorities are taking to ensure that the United Kingdom is as prepared as possible.1 Its key objectives are to maintain a strong surveillance and alert system, reduce illness and deaths, develop preparedness in the NHS, ensure the continuation of essential services, and ensure the availability of comprehensive information.

Managing the impact of an influenza pandemic will require a coordinated response across government. The Department of Health is …
1093-148 Difference in subclinical atherosclerosis in Brazilian and Portuguese populations
Authors: Raul Santos, Khurram Nasir, Jose Antonio Maluf Carvalho, Armando Pereirinha, Eduardo Mauricio, Miguel A Barreiros, Romeu Meneghello, Joel B Braunstein, Roger Blumenthal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Chagas' Disease in Latin American Immigrants
Authors: Louis V. Kirchhoff
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Chagas' disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that infects an estimated 10 to 12 million Latin Americans. Because infection is often lifelong, individuals from endemic areas may develop symptomatic chronic Chagas' disease years after emigrating to the United States. We report three immigrant patients from Latin America who illustrate the indeterminate phase and the symptomatic cardiac and gastrointestinal syndromes of this illness.
Support team sent to reduce infant deaths in 43 deprived areas
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Department of Health is sending in a support team to help the 43 areas in England with the highest rates of infant mortality among routine and manual workers, in a bid to reach its health inequalities target.

A target to reduce national health inequalities was set in 2001 and updated in 2004. It states that by 2010 the gap in infant mortality between routine and manual groups and the population as a whole should be reduced by at least 10%.

Launching the initiative, the public health minister, Dawn Primarolo, said, “Every year in England 3000 babies die before the age of 1. Every one is an equal tragedy. But what is unacceptable …