tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assessment of Regional Right Ventricular Function with Color Kinesis
Authors: PHILIPPE VIGNON, LYNN WEINERT, VICTOR MOR-AVI, KIRK T. SPENCER, JAMES BEDNARZ, ROBERTO M. LANG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We used color kinesis, a recent echocardiographic technique that provides regional information on the magnitude and timing of endocardial wall motion, to quantitatively assess regional right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic properties in 76 subjects who were divided into five groups, as follows: normal (n = 20), heart failure (n = 15), pressure/volume overload (n = 14), pressure overload (n = 12), and RV hypertrophy (n = 15). Quantitative segmental analysis of color kinesis images was used to obtain regional fractional area change (RFAC), which was displayed in the form of stacked histograms to determine patterns of endocardial wall motion. Time curves of integrated RFAC were used to objectively identify asynchrony of diastolic endocardial motion. When compared with normal subjects, patients with pressure overload or heart failure exhibited significantly decreased endocardial motion along the RV free wall. In the presence of mixed pressure/volume overload, the markedly increased ventricular septal motion compensated for decreased RV free wall motion. Diastolic endocardial wall motion was delayed in 17 of 72 segments (24%) in patients with RV pressure overload, and in 31 of 90 segments (34%) in patients with RV hypertrophy. Asynchrony of diastolic endocardial wall motion was greater in the latter group than in normal subjects (16% versus 10%: p < 0.01). Segmental analysis of color kinesis images allows quantitative assessment of regional RV systolic and diastolic properties.
Poliomyelitis in Nigeria
Authors: Stephen Obaro, Rasaq Olaosebikan, Adejumoke I Ayede
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Tara Mangal and colleagues quantitatively analysed the key factors that sustain transmission of polio in Nigeria. Although poor vaccine coverage and refusal of vaccine contributes to suboptimum population immunity, their finding of low vaccine effi cacy is concerning. The reasons proposed for this fi nding deserve careful assessment because they might have implications beyond the elimination of polio in Nigeria. First, if the higher prevalence of enterovirus infection in northern Nigeria contributes to the reduced effi cacy of polio vaccine, the potential effect of this interference might also apply to other vaccines such as rotavirus vaccine. Second, although parenteral inactivated polio vaccine might be less susceptible to antigenic interference from enteric agents, whether its use will ameliorate the problem of persistent vaccine refusal or unawareness of vaccine availability is not clear. Although eradication campaigns have been very intense and focused, they are not sustainable owing to their vertical structure. A more generic approach to promoting the availability and uptake of routine vaccines, not just polio vaccine, is more likely to achieve a longer and sustainable eff ect. Third, the fi nding that children from select local government authorities had lower vaccine-induced immunity than children from the same local government authorities at Murtala Specialist Hospital might be because of a difference in care-seeking behaviour, with those presenting to a health facility more likely to have been vaccinated. The ascertainment of vaccination status in these settings remains a challenge in the absence of proper documentation during the immunisation campaigns.
Review of<i>Limitless</i>. 105 mins. Relativity Media, USA, 2011 and<i>Rise of the Planet of the Apes.</i>105 min, 20<sup>th</sup>Century Fox, USA, 2011.
Authors: James J. Hughes
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

"Review of Limitless. 105 mins. Relativity Media, USA, 2011 and Rise of the Planet of the Apes. 105 min, 20th Century Fox, USA, 2011.." The American Journal of Bioethics, 11(10), pp. 42–43
Down-regulation of the organic cation transporter 1 of rat liver in obstructive cholestasis
Authors: Gerald U. Denk, Carol J. Soroka, Albert Mennone, Hermann Koepsell, Ulrich Beuers, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The liver plays a major role in biotransformation and elimination of various therapeutic agents and xenobiotics, many of which are organic cations and substrates of the organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1, Slc22a1). Oct1 is expressed at the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes and proximal renal tubules. Although Oct1 is the major uptake mechanism in hepatocytes for many pharmaceutical compounds, little is known about the effects of liver injury on this process. Our aim was to investigate the effects of obstructive cholestasis on Oct1 expression and function in liver and kidney. The effects of bile duct ligation (BDL) on Oct1 protein, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and tissue localization were determined in rat liver and kidney with Western analysis, real-time reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. To assess Oct1 function, the model substrate tetraethylammonium ([ 14 C]TEA) was administered intravenously to BDL and control rats and distribution of radioactivity was determined. Oct1 protein significantly decreased in cholestatic livers to 42.1 ± 17.7% ( P &lt; .001), 15.5 ± 4.7% ( P &lt; .05), and 8.6 ± 2.7% ( P &lt; .05) of controls after 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively, but not in kidneys. Hepatic Oct1 mRNA decreased to 77.2 ± 12.7%, 40.7 ± 8.1% ( P &lt; .05), and 50.3 ± 7.5% ( P &lt; .05) 3, 7, and 14 days after BDL, respectively. Tissue immunofluorescence corroborated these data. Hepatic accumulation of [ 14 C]TEA in 14-day BDL rats was reduced to 29.6 ± 10.9% of controls ( P &lt; .0005). In conclusion, obstructive cholestasis down-regulates Oct1 and impairs Oct1-mediated uptake in rat liver, suggesting that hepatic uptake of small cationic drugs may be impaired in cholestatic liver injury. (Hepatology 2004;39:1382-1389.)
Amelioration of postischemic reperfusion injury by antiarrhythmic drugs in isolated perfused rat lung.
Authors: K C Das, H P Misra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Antiarrhythmic drugs, such as lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide, have been shown to be effective against postischemic reperfusion injury in isolated rat lungs. Rat lungs were perfused at a constant flow with Krebs-Henseilet buffer supplemented with 4% bovine serum albumin and ventilated with air containing 5% CO2. The lungs were subjected to ischemia by stopping perfusion and ventilation for 60 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Lung injury was determined by measuring the increase in wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, while pulmonary arterial pressure and peak airway pressure were calculated from the pre- and postischemic differences. Lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were found to attenuate the postischemic lung injury significantly (p &lt; 0.0001). The formation of cyclooxygenase products, which were elevated during reperfusion, was also significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) inhibited by these drugs. Since these antiarrhythmic agents are found to be powerful scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and can prevent membrane lipid peroxidation, these findings suggest that the antioxidant properties of these drugs may, in part, be responsible for protecting the lungs against reperfusion injury.
Management of Melanoma in a Patient Population: Using Electronic Health Records to Enhance Postdiagnosis Surveillance
Authors: Amy Reisenauer, Brian J. Lee, Kristie Akamine, Michael Tabacchini, Spring Golden
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

E arly detection of melanoma reduces morbidity and mortality, yet research to evaluate the effectiveness of total-body skin examinations (TBSEs) is lacking.Because a history of melanoma confers a greater risk for developing subsequent primary melanomas (SPMs), 1 the Dermatology Division of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii recommends at least annual TBSEs in these patients.Our study evaluated the benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) to track patients with a history of melanoma to ensure annual TBSEs.Methods.Individuals diagnosed as having an SPM between February 1, 2010, and February 28, 2011, were included using Kaiser Permanente's KP HealthConnect EHR.Chart review was performed to determine if the SPM was diagnosed during a Kaiser Permanente-initiated annual screening TBSE or a patient-initiated encounter.Patient awareness of the lesion was also assessed.One sample t test was used to determine whether the SPM incidence in the Kaiser Permanente Hawaii population differed from the baseline melanoma incidence in Hawaii.Multiple regression analysis using stepwise backward elimination evaluated age, sex, and patient awareness of lesion as predictors of Breslow thickness.Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc).
Evolution of Microbial Genomes: Sequence Acquisition and Loss
Authors: Otto G. Berg, C. G. Kurland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We present models describing the acquisition and deletion of novel sequences in populations of microorganisms. We infer that most novel sequences are neutral. Thus, sequence duplications and gene transfer between organisms sharing the same environment are rarely expected to generate adaptive functions. Two classes of models are considered: (1) a homogeneous population with constant size, and (2) an island model in which the population is subdivided into patches that are in contact through slow migration. Distributions of gene frequencies are derived in a Moran model with overlapping generations. We find that novel, neutral or near-neutral coding sequences in microorganisms will not be fixed globally because they offer large target sizes for mutations and because the populations are so large. At most, such genes may have a transient presence in only a small fraction of the population. Consequently, a microbial population is expected to have a very large diversity of transient neutral gene content. Only sequences that are under strong selection, globally or in individual patches, can be expected to persist. We suggest that genome size is maintained in microorganisms by a quasi-steady state mechanism in which random fluctuations in the effective acquisition and deletion rates result in genome sizes that vary from patch to patch. We assign the genomic identity of a global population to those genes that are required for the participation of patches in the genetic sweeps that maintain the genomic coherence of the population. In contrast, we stress the influence of sequence loss on the isolation and the divergence (speciation) of novel patches from a global population.
Human Gastric Function
Authors: L. Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This book is about a remarkable man and the elegant and revealing experiments conducted on him. Written by Stewart Wolf and Harold Wolff, two dedicated pioneers of psychosomatic medicine, it encompasses the life history of Tom Little, a man of 57 years, who had a gastric fistula. Tom was one of several patients with a gastrostomy who became experimental subjects. The first such experiments had been reported by William Beaumont in 1833, on Alexis St Martin, a Canadian voyageur with an unusually dramatic life. Tom was not like this. As noted by the famed physiologist Walter Cannon, who wrote this book’s introduction, he was sensitive, proud, and independent and thus an ideal subject for psychosomatic studies.

When Little was 9 years old he had …
Help with Occupational Epidemiology
Authors: DONALD R. GRAHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1984Help with Occupational EpidemiologyDONALD R. GRAHAM, M.D.DONALD R. GRAHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-165_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article on taking the occupational history (1) presents a useful approach. An additional resource to consider for consultation on the evaluation of occupational exposure to illnesses is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control. Not only does this Institute provide bibliographic information, but it also provides on-site epidemiologic assistance in the investigation of suspected outbreaks of occupational diseases. This resource can be contacted through the main office in Atlanta at any time (404-329-3751)....Reference1. . Taking the occupational history. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:641-51. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Springfield Clinic 1025 South Seventh Street; Springfield, IL 62703 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1984Volume 100, Issue 1Page: 165-165KeywordsEpidemiologyPrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 1 January 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Coroner's Perquisite.
Authors: Philip Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Elizabeth, Ill., Feb. 1, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One of your "Selections" in which the London<i>Lancet</i>is quoted has no doubt found many readers who will profit thereby. And as the medical profession can do much to dispel erroneous ideas, the writer would continue to call attention to errors in the manner of calling a coroner's attention when his services are needed. In my jurisdiction good judgment is not lacking in freeing a body found suspended, etc. Quoting from the article in theJournalof January 29, p. 263, "If life remains a medical man should be sent for and afterward the police." The sending for a medical man while life still exists may at times be forgotten, hence the necessity of calling attention to this matter. If a body is found<i>dead</i>the finder almost invariably sends for the police, and this officer may or may not send
Getting More Out of Survival Data by Using the Hazard Function
Authors: Kenneth R. Hess, Victor A. Levin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Information about the survival experience for a group of patients is almost exclusively conveyed using plots of the survival function. However, the hazard function provides information about the survival experience that is not readily evident from inspection of the survival function. The hazard function tracks the instantaneous failure rate over time among the surviving patients and can be readily estimated with available software. We illustrate how these estimates can be used in conjunction with estimates of the survival function to glean clinically relevant information from survival data.
Results of the U.S. Multicenter Pivotal Study of the HELEX Septal Occluder for Percutaneous Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: Thomas K. Jones, Larry A. Latson, Evan Zahn, Craig E. Fleishman, Joth Jacobson, Robert Vincent, Kirk Kanter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
GENERAL PRACTITIONERS AND POOR LAW REFORM
Authors: L. Drage
Journal: BMJ (1910)

<h3>Background</h3> Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most prevalent cause of kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Previous gene panel studies showed monogenic causation in up to 12% of patients with CAKUT. <h3>Methods</h3> We applied whole-exome sequencing to analyze the genotypes of individuals from 232 families with CAKUT, evaluating for mutations in single genes known to cause human CAKUT and genes known to cause CAKUT in mice. In consanguineous or multiplex families, we additionally performed a search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT. <h3>Results</h3> In 29 families (13%), we detected a causative mutation in a known gene for isolated or syndromic CAKUT that sufficiently explained the patient’s CAKUT phenotype. In three families (1%), we detected a mutation in a gene reported to cause a phenocopy of CAKUT. In 15 of 155 families with isolated CAKUT, we detected deleterious mutations in syndromic CAKUT genes. Our additional search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT in consanguineous and multiplex families revealed a potential single, novel monogenic CAKUT gene in 19 of 232 families (8%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We identified monogenic mutations in a known human CAKUT gene or CAKUT phenocopy gene as the cause of disease in 14% of the CAKUT families in this study. Whole-exome sequencing provides an etiologic diagnosis in a high fraction of patients with CAKUT and will provide a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of CAKUT.
FIELDS FOR RESEARCH IN ORAL SURGERY
Authors: VIRGIL LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To discuss the various possible avenues of research in that branch of medicine known as stomatology would require a paper the reading of which would far exceed the time allotted to me. I have, therefore, selected a single division of this branch, and shall confine myself entirely to the discussion of some of the fields for research which are still not definitely worked out in oral surgery. To facilitate this discussion, the investigative fields are divided into five classes: embryologic, anatomic, bacteriologic, physiologic and chemical. Moreover, I shall not attempt to enumerate or to discuss all of the problems in each class, but shall mention only a few of the more important ones. The embryologic problems for study comprehend the following: cleft-palate, harelip, fistula of the lip, fissure of the tongue, fissure of the cheek, facial asymmetry and congenital teeth, of which cleft-palate and harelip, alone or combined, are the
Failure of a helium-neon laser to affect components of wound healing in vitro
Authors: G.B. COLVER, G.C. PRIESTLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The red light of a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser has been reported to stimulate wound healing and cell growth. To investigate the nature of its influence on wound healing we have studied seven components of the healing process in vitro: human skin fibroblast, epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation, cellular migration from skin explants, collagen lattice contraction, collagen synthesis and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) secretion. We used a 5 mW He-Ne laser emitting a I mm diameter beam of wavelength 633 nm. Cellular proliferation was not affected by irradiation three times a day for 3 days. There was no effect on cellular migration or on the rate of collagen lattice contraction. The rate of collagen synthesis, measured as the incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-sensitive protein, was no greater than that of controls and GAG secretion did not increase in the irradiated group. We have not found any significant effects of He-Ne irradiation.
Safety of and compliance with community-based ivermectin therapy
Authors: M Pacqué, B Munoz, H.R Taylor, Z Dukuly, B.M Greene, A.T White
Journal: The Lancet (1990)

In a study of the safety, acceptability, and efficacy of ivermectin for community-based mass treatment of onchocerciasis, the drug was issued twice, one year apart, to the population of a rubber plantation (14,000 people) in Liberia, where over 80% of the adults have Onchocerca volvulus infection. The plantation microfilarial load in a sample of adults was reduced by 86% 6 months after initial treatment and by 78% after 1 year. Compliance was 97% with each round of treatment. After the initial treatment of 7699 people, 101 (1.3%) had moderate adverse reactions. After re-treatment only 37 (0.5%) people had moderate adverse reactions. No ivermectin-related death or severe adverse reactions occurred. The data show that community-based treatment with ivermectin is well accepted and effective in reducing microfilarial loads. Ivermectin is likely to provide the first realistic means of chemotherapy-based control of onchocerciasis on a mass scale.
Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Authors: H. R. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1884)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —Permit me to thank you for your kindly interest in the subject, and for your generous treatment of my note of recent date. You have fully explained that the term<i>member elect</i>as used in the paragraph you quote: "Every member elect prior to the permanent organization of the annual meeting, or before voting on any question after the meeting has been organized, must exhibit his credentials to the proper committee and sign these regulations," was intended to include and did include all classes of members, or as you put it, "actually includes every member presenting himself for admission or registration." Your construction being official, must of necessity be accepted. As the opinion of an individual it might possibly be criticised, but as the official utterance of the organ of the Association, it, to members, must be conclusive. The importance of having one source of authoritative interpretation seems
Prostate Cancer Metastases to Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Arthroplasty may be subjected to infection, inflammation, and loosening with demonstration of Tc-99m MDP uptake on bone scintigraphy. Rare is the occurrence of a periprosthetic primary or secondary bone malignancy, which primarily involves weight-bearing joints. The author presents a case of shoulder arthroplasty with developing metastases from prostate carcinoma.
Discordance between phenotype and function of japanese adult T cell leukemia cells
Authors: Nobutaka Imamura, Deodatus M. Mtasiwa, Hiromi Ota, Atsushi Kuramoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Phenotypes of cells from 12 patients with ATL were analysed by means of a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter by utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies. A majority of the cells from peripheral blood coexpressed the antigens against MAbs CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, Ti (WT31), CD25, CD38, CD45, and CD29, but did not express the antigens against CD1, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD36, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD24, CD41, CD42, CD45RA, CD56, and CD57. The expression of antigen for TQ‐1 or Leu8 was variable. Surface immunoglobulins were not detected. Phenotypes of cultured cells established by utilizing recombinant interleukin II were similar to those of the uncultured peripheral blood lymphoid cells except for the lack of expression of CD8. By means of two‐color fluorescence, the ATL cells possessing CD4 in peripheral blood and culture coexpressed CD29, but did not express CD45RA. The suppression of PWM‐induced B‐cell immunoglobulin synthesis by normal T and B cells was found in five cases in the presence of ATL cells. The ATL cells demonstrated helper T‐cell phenotypes (CD4 + , CD29 + ) with suppressor function, paradoxically. We conclude that the phenotype of the ATL cells was CD4 + , CD29 + , and CD45RA − but that the function of these cells was of suppressor T‐cells. Our results inevitably suggest the possible existence of suppressor T‐cells with CD4 + , CD29 + phenotype in persons without evidence of any underlying hematologic disorder.