tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow-derived osteoclast-like cells from a patient with craniometaphyseal dysplasia lack expression of osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump.
Authors: T Yamamoto, N Kurihara, K Yamaoka, K Ozono, M Okada, K Yamamoto, S Matsumoto, T Michigami, J Ono, S Okada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare craniotubular bone dysplasia transmitted in autosomal dominant or recessive form. This disease is characterized by cranial bone hyperostosis and deformity of the metaphyses of the long bones. Using osteoclast-like cells formed from patient bone marrow cells, we investigated the pathophysiology of CMD in a 3-yr-old patient. Untreated bone marrow cells from the patient differentiated into osteoclast-like cells in vitro. These cells were shown to have vitronectin beta-receptors using a specific monoclonal antibody, i.e., 23C6 (CD51), which reacts with osteoclasts in human bone biopsy samples. However, the number of these osteoclast-like cells formed from the patient's bone marrow was only 40% of the normal controls. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, bovine 1-34 parathyroid hormone, recombinant human interleukin-1 beta, recombinant human interleukin-6, or recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor significantly increased, while salmon calcitonin significantly inhibited, the number of osteoclast-like cells. However, these cells could not resorb sperm whale dentin slices and lacked the osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump as evidenced by a monoclonal antibody (E11). Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody to pp60c-src (327) revealed that protooncogene c-src expression by the platelets of the CMD patient was comparable to the normal control. These data suggest that: (a) the hyperostosis and the metaphyseal long bone deformity in the present CMD patient might be explained by osteoclast dysfunction due to impaired expression of the osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump; and (b) a protooncogene c-src was not associated with the pathogenesis of the present CMD patient.
Surgical Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: J. C. Goligher
Journal: BMJ (1961)

ULCERATIVE COLITIS MEDICAL JOURNAL151.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA ORA treatment but keep the possibility of surgery in constant review with a surgeon particularly interested and experienced in this field.I have been fortunate in having the tolerant and enthusiastic support of Professor Goligher at a combined medical and surgical follow-up clinic which we have run together in Leeds for the last five years, and in which the medical and surgical fortunes of our patients have been reviewed together.Summary Medical treatment of the colitic patient is described.The results of treatment and the relative merits and disadvantages of treatment with sulphasalazine and steroid compounds administered topically and systemically are detailed.Problems arising in the long-term medical treatment of colitis are touched upon, notably the risk of carcinomatous transformation, of distal extension in segmental colitis, and the physical retardation of the child affected by the disease.Finally, an analysis of the outcome of surgery in patients who have received steroids has emphasized the importance of supportive therapy in the operative and post-operative period.It is also emphasized that the vicious nature of the acute fulminating attack of the disease makes early recourse to surgery necessary unless medical treatment proves immediately successful.
Remarks on the Repair of Wounds and Fractures in Aged Persons
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1884)

It will have been observed by others, as well as by myself, that ulcers heal quickly in old persons; that the processes of granulation and cica- trisation proceed in themii, on the whole, with even greater rapidity than they do at earlier periods of life.AWe see this more especially the leg, because ulcers are much morefrequentiu this region thani in other parts; but the observation is not confined to them. 1 ha-ve noticed this reparative activity in the aged under many cireumstances in v-ar'ious parts of the body; anid, miiy owli experience indicating that the same holds good with regard to wounds and fractures, and the commonly received opiniion to the contrary on this head is erroneous, I v-entured, in anote recently printed in the JoUIixAL of this Associa- tionl, to ask for iniformation from others, that I miglht ascertain wlhether their experience accorded wvitlh my own.Mly attention was first directed to the subject by the casc man aged 88, who consulted me many years ago respecting a warty growth, with some ulceration, on the lower lip, which aniioyed;him, and which lhe iwished to have removed.I excised a large piece of the the usual V incision, and thewzound healed as rapidly and firmly any of the kind I ever saw.About the same time, I operated for femoral hernia on a feeblewoman aged 75, and the woulnd was soundly healed in three days.Several similar cases have come under my own notice, anid somiiehave been sent in answer to my inquiry,; not somany cotuldhave wvished, but enouglh to establish the fact of the union of wounds in old people.lhe statemeent must be qualified in a manner w-hich savours rather (f the paradoxical; namnely, that wounds in old people heal quickly, provided thev do not slougrlh.rThat is to say, the apparently opposite teindencies exist at this time of life-namely, the tendenicy slough anid the tendency to heal quickly.Such, for instanice, the rience of oculists, whose testimony on the suLbject I have asked.They find that the cornea sometimes sloughs after operation cataract in old p'eople; but that, When it does not slough, wouid heals quite asquickly as, or m-ore quicklythlan, at an earlier So in other operationis.Thc old person may sink, or the wounld mlay slough or ulcerate; but, if these evenitualities be escaped, healing may be expected.Certainly this wouldnothave been anticipated.AWe -should have thought, when the nutritive forces are generally failing, when strength and weight are diminishing, when repair is each year less able to keep pace with wear, as evinced, among other things,
Specialized Contributions by α(1,3)-Fucosyltransferase-IV and FucT-VII during Leukocyte Rolling in Dermal Microvessels
Authors: Wolfgang Weninger, Laurien H Ulfman, Guiying Cheng, Natalia Souchkova, Elizabeth J Quackenbush, John B Lowe, Ulrich H von Andrian
Journal: Immunity (2000)
The Results of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: J. H. HOLLINGSWORTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The 3-year cardiopulmonary resuscitation experience at the University of Virginia Hospital has been studied. Three hundred sixty-eight patients who had a cardiopulmonary arrest and were resuscitated were compared with respect to age, type of rhythm disturbance, location in the hospital, time of the cardiopulmonary arrest, and the presence of various disease states. Three groups of patients were formed. Group I (61 patients—16.5%) survived the cardiopulmonary arrest more than 24 hr but died before discharge. Group II (30 patients—8.2%) survived and were discharged. Group III (277 patients—75.3%) survived less than 24 hr or died at the time of their cardiopulmonary arrest. It was found that patients with ventricular fibrillation that occurred on the internal medicine ward between the hours of 7 AM and 11 PM had the best chance of survival. Conversely, patients with asystole that occurred on a general ward (not internal medicine) between 11 PM and 7 AM had the least chance of survival. A very high mortality was found in the intensive care unit, unrelated to the time of day. This reflects the critical nature of the patients' illnesses in this unit.
Abstract P1-01-17: Comparative Analysis of Metastatic Tumor Cells within the Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Breast Cancer Patients Utilizing a Novel Approach
Authors: J Zhang, Y Liu, J Ju, L. Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and Objective: The intrinsic high false negative rate associated with intraoperative analysis of SLN may result in a second surgical procedure for the patient. We attempt to improve the intraoperative and the pathologic and molecular evaluation of SLN by utilizing novel immunobead methods for detection and assessment of tumor cell expression of Her2, CD44 and Muc1. Methods: During the operation of breast cancer patients, gived sentinel lymph node biopsy firstly, and the SLN will each be divided in four quadrants, and two quadrants (B,C) will be brought to the pathologist for routine intraoperative analysis and further immunhistochemical (H&amp;E and CK) examination often 2 mm thick sections of each quadrant. The other (A,D) quadrants will be immediately mechanically disaggregated and filtered in order to remove stromal elements and cellular debris. The resulting cell suspension will be incubated with 4.5 µm magnetic beads coated with MOC31 antibody, and simultaneously with different nonmagnetic, fluorescent microparticles coated with either anti-Her2, anti-CD44, or anti-Muc1 by flow-cytometry. Results: 62 cases from 2009.1 to 2009.9 in our hospital has been studied, and results as follows: 1. Immunomagnetic evaluation of alive tumor cells in SLNs is rapidly and easily performed using the MOC-31 antibody that binds to the vast majority of breast cancer cells. The novel technologies will demonstrate higher detection sensitivity (96%) and lower false negative rate (4.0%). 2. For the intraoperative frozen HE staining, the sensitivity was 68%, false negative rate was 32%; and for CK-IHC, the sensitivity was 76.0%, and the false negative rate was 24%. 3.To compare to standard intraoperative procedures and histopathologic techniques of analyzing the SLN to that of the novel approach, it could get higher sensitivity (96%vs 68%,P=0.023;96%vs76%,P=0.049), lower false negative rate (4%vs32% ,P=0.023;4%vs24%,P=0.049) and higher micrometastasis detection rate. 4.Expession of Her2,CD44 and Muc1 in SLN is 32.5%±2.2%,83.4± 4.1% and 86.6%±3.4%, and each has positively correlated with the expression of that in primary tumor (P&amp;lt;0.5). Conclusion: Our novel approach that utilizing immunobead detection of metastatic breast cancer cells, and simultaneously characterize the isolated cells for membrane markers coated with antibodies targeting Her2, Muc1 or CD44 by flow-cytometry, has rapid speed and high accuracy. Compared to traditional HE and CK-IHC, it has higher sensitivity and lower false negative rate, and could be used more widely and easily. Expression of CD44, Her2 and Muc1 in sentinel lymph nodes were positively correlated with the expression of those in primary tumor. It is suggested that the three biomarkers above could predict metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes, and maybe direct treatment after operation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-17.
Arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, and clubbing of fingers in ulcerative colitis
Authors: K. N. Jalan, R. J. Prescott, R. J. Walker, W. Sircus, J. P. A. McManus, W. I. Card
Journal: Gut (1970)

In a retrospective study of 399 patients with ulcerative colitis, 27 patients had colitic arthritis, 17 had ankylosing spondylitis, and 20 had clubbing of the fingers. Colitic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis were not related to severity, extent of involvement, or duration of colitis. A significant association between colitic arthropathy and other complications of ulcerative colitis, such as pseudopolyposis, perianal disease, eye lesions, skin eruptions, aphthous ulceration, and liver disease has been demonstrated. The outcome of the first referred attack of colitis in the presence of colitic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis remained uninfluenced. Clubbing of fingers was related to severity, extent of involvement, and length of the history of colitis. A significant association between clubbing of the fingers and carcinoma of the colon, pseudopolyposis, toxic dilatation, and arthropathy has been shown. The frequency of surgical intervention in patients with clubbing was higher but the overall mortality was not significantly different from the patients without clubbing.
Genistein Disrupts Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Human Uterine Endometrial Ishikawa Cells
Authors: Shannon Whirledge, Linda T. Senbanjo, John A. Cidlowski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

The link between environmental estrogen exposure and defects in the female reproductive tract is well established. The phytoestrogen genistein is able to modulate uterine estrogen receptor (ER) activity, and dietary exposure is associated with uterine pathologies. Regulation of stress and immune functions by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also an integral part of maintaining reproductive tract function; disruption of GR signaling by genistein may also have a role in the adverse effects of genistein.We evaluated the transcriptional response to genistein in Ishikawa cells and investigated the effects of genistein on GR-mediated target genes.We used Ishikawa cells as a model system to identify novel targets of genistein and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone through whole genome microarray analysis. Common gene targets were defined and response patterns verified by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mechanism of transcriptional antagonism was determined for select genes.Genistein regulated numerous genes in Ishikawa cells independently of estradiol, and the response to coadministration of genistein and dexamethasone was unique compared with the response to either estradiol or dexamethasone alone. Furthermore, genistein altered glucocorticoid regulation of GR target genes. In a select set of genes, co-regulation by dexamethasone and genistein was found to require both GR and ERα signaling, respectively.Using Ishikawa cells, we observed that exposure to genistein resulted in distinct changes in gene expression and unique differences in the GR transcriptome.
On teething symptoms
Authors: M. South
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—One of the messages of the short report by Wake and Hesketh is that healthcare professionals should be wary of attributing symptoms such as fever and irritability to teething because of the risk of missing significant illness.1 Another seems to be that teething rarely causes any symptoms and that healthcare professionals who believe that it does are misinformed. I think this misrepresents the facts.

At least three or four retrospective studies and three good prospective studies show the association …
QUANTIFICATION OF THE SEVERITY OF OVERT PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
Authors: D. WELLS GOODRICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

A new psychiatric research rating scale for use by hospital psychiatrists in expressing quantitatively the severity of a patient's incapacitation due to psychotic symptoms is presented. Criteria for designing such a scale are briefly discussed. The advantage of such an instrument lies in the fact that in this way quantitative values are obtained which may then be statistically compared with other research data.
Inhalation pharmacokinetics of 1,3-butadiene and 1,2-epoxybutene-3 in rats and mice.
Authors: R J Laib, J G Filser, R Kreiling, R R Vangala, H M Bolt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Studies were conducted on inhalation pharmacokinetics of 1,3-butadiene and of its primary reactive metabolic intermediate 1,2-epoxybutene-3 in rats (Sprague-Dawley) and mice (B6C3F1). Investigations of inhalation pharmacokinetics of 1,3-butadiene revealed saturation kinetics of 1,3-butadiene metabolism in both species. For rats and mice linear pharmacokinetics apply at exposure concentrations below 1000 ppm 1,3-butadiene; saturation of 1,3-butadiene metabolism is observed at atmospheric concentrations of about 2000 ppm. The estimated maximal metabolic elimination rates were 400 mumole/hr/kg for mice and 200 mumole/hr/kg for rats. This shows that 1,3-butadiene is metabolized by mice at about twice the rate of rats. Investigations of inhalation pharmacokinetics of 1,2-epoxybutene-3 revealed major differences in metabolism of this compound between both species. No indication of saturation kinetics of 1,2-epoxybutene-3 metabolism could be observed in rats up to exposure concentrations of 5000 ppm, whereas in mice the saturation of epoxybutene metabolism became apparent at atmospheric concentrations of about 500 ppm. The estimated maximal metabolic rate for 1,2-epoxybutene-3 was 350 mumole/hr/kg in mice and greater than 2600 mumole/hr/kg in rats. When the animals are exposed to high concentrations of 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-epoxybutene-3 is exhaled by rats and mice. For rats 1,2-epoxybutene-3 concentration in the gas phase of the system reaches a plateau at about 4 ppm. For mice, 1,2-epoxybutene-3 concentration increases with exposure time until, at about 10 ppm, signs of acute toxicity are observed. Under these conditions hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds are virtually depleted in mice but not in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chest-Wall Stimulation and Phonocardiography in the Identification of the Pacemaker Heart Sound
Authors: GIOVANNI A. PUPILLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

An "extra" heart sound just before the first heart sound and probably caused by intercostal muscle contraction due to pacemaker stimulation may be present in some patients during cardiac pacing. This sound may be confused with other auscultatory phenomena, especially when its associated chest-wall movements are not apparent. In patients with QRS-blocking demand pacemakers this sound may be identified by temporarily suppressing pacemaker activity by the chest-wall stimulation technique in conjunction with phonocardiography. Elimination of pacemaker activity eliminates the "extra" sound.
PARALYSIS AGITANS WITHOUT TREMOR.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is probable that no system of nomenclature yet devised is capable of meeting all requirements, because of constant additions to knowledge and corresponding variations in classification. This difficulty is especially manifest in medicine, where names are chosen sometimes from fancied resemblances, or from the prominence of certain svmptoms or certain lesions, or on the basis of current and varying clinical or pathologic conceptions; or, worst of all, in intended honor of the discoverer or exploiter. With the progress of knowledge and with more extended observation, however, it not rarely happens that symptoms or lesions considered so distinctive as to be incorporated into the name given a disease, are found to be not invariably present, but are at times so ill developed as to be inconspicuous. Thus, we have learned from experience that typhoid fever may be unattended with typhoid symptoms, or elevation of temperature, or intestinal lesions; exophthalmic goiter,
Women's understanding of a "normal smear test result": experimental questionnaire based study
Authors: T. M Marteau
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To describe women9s understanding of a negative smear test result when presented using the term “normal smear result,” as required by the NHS cervical screening programme, and to evaluate the impact on understanding of different ways of presenting the residual risk inherent in such a result. <b>Design:</b> Experimental questionnaire based study. <b>Interventions:</b> Participants were asked to imagine that they had received a normal smear result. The meaning of this result was then presented using different combinations of three different expressions of residual risk of having or developing cervical cancer over the next five years: a verbal probability of absolute risk (low risk), a numerical probability of absolute risk (1 in 5000), or a numerical probability of risk relative to an unscreened woman (five times lower). <b>Participants:</b> 1027 women aged 20 to 64. <b>Results:</b> When informed only that their smear result was normal, 52% (80 of 153 women) of participants correctly understood that this entailed a residual risk of cervical cancer, compared with 70% (107 of 152) given the additional sentence explaining the meaning of a normal smear result using a verbal probability of absolute risk (difference 18%; 95% confidence interval 7% to 29%). Additionally, explaining the results using a numerical probability of absolute or relative risk did not increase the proportion who correctly understood that there was a residual risk of cervical cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> NHS policy for reporting normal smears needs to change to make it a definite requirement that the reporting of a “normal smear result” is accompanied by a sentence stating that this means a low risk for having or developing cervical cancer in the next five years
Native and oxidized low density lipoproteins oppositely modulate the effects of insulin-like growth factor I on VSMC
Authors: B GONZALEZTIMON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Changes in the local expression and signaling activity of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis regulate growth and survival of plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and influence plaque fate. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in VSMC during the progression of atherogenesis is linked to local changes in IGF-I signaling. We investigated the effects of LDL on the biological actions and downstream signaling pathways mediated by this growth factor in A10 VSMC. Methods and Results: We first characterized the effects of LDL on the proliferative and anti-apoptotic actions of IGF-I in A10 VSMC. Native LDL were mitogenic and synergistically enhanced DNA synthesis induced by IGF-I from 4-, 9- up to 7.8-fold, while having no effect on its anti-apoptotic actions. In contrast, oxidized LDL, at oxidation levels that did not modify these actions by themselves, significantly reduced the mitogenic and survival effects of IGF-I by 40% and 60%, respectively. These observations correlated with opposite changes exerted by native and oxidized LDL on the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS)-associated PI3 kinase/Akt response to IGF-I. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling response was not affected. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a previously unidentified modulation of the actions of IGF-I on A10 VSMC by LDL, dependent on their extent of oxidative modification. Our findings suggest that the differential modulation of the PI3 kinase/Akt response to IGF-I play a pivotal role.