tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Expression of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor: Relationship to Smoking History and Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: S. P. Shriver, H. A. Bourdeau, C. T. Gubish, D. L. Tirpak, A. L. G. Davis, J. D. Luketich, J. M. Siegfried
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Activation of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in human airways has been associated with a proliferative response of bronchial cells to gastrin-releasing peptide and with long-term tobacco use. The GRPR gene is located on the X chromosome and escapes X-chromosome inactivation, which occurs in females. Increasing evidence demonstrates that women are more susceptible than men to tobacco carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that the susceptibility of women to the effects of tobacco may be associated with airway expression of GRPR.We analyzed GRPR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in lung tissues and cultured airway cells from 78 individuals (40 males and 38 females) and in lung fibroblasts exposed to nicotine in vitro. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in airway cells were assayed by use of radioactively labeled nicotine and nicotine antagonists. A polymorphism in exon 2 of the GRPR gene was used to detect allele-specific GRPR mRNA expression in some individuals. Statistical tests were two-sided.GRPR mRNA expression was detected in airway cells and tissues of more female than male nonsmokers (55% versus 0%) and short-term smokers (1-25 pack-years [pack-years = number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking]) (75% versus 20%) (P =.018 for nonsmoking and short-term smoking females versus nonsmoking and short-term smoking males). Female smokers exhibited expression of GRPR mRNA at a lower mean pack-year exposure than male smokers (37.4 pack-years versus 56.3 pack-years; P =.037). Lung fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells exhibited high-affinity, saturable nicotinic acetylcholine-binding sites. Expression of GRPR mRNA in lung fibroblasts was elevated following exposure to nicotine.Our results suggest that the GRPR gene is expressed more frequently in women than in men in the absence of smoking and that expression of this gene is activated earlier in women in response to tobacco exposure. The presence of two expressed copies of the GRPR gene in females may be a factor in the increased susceptibility of women to tobacco-induced lung cancer.
Book Review Medicine and Moral Reasoning Edited by K.W.M. Fulford, Grant R. Gillett, and Janet Martin Soskice. 207 pp. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1994. $59.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). 0-521-45325-9 (cloth); 0-521-45946-X (paper).
Authors: Jeffrey Spike
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Tumor-Induced Skin Heterogenization. III. Immunologic and Immunogenetic Mechanisms
Authors: Alexander L. Liozner, George J. Svet-Moldavsky, Demuri M. Mkheidze
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Skin heterogenizing virus (SHV) obtained from K-237 sarcoma of C57BL/6J mice was strain specific. SHV produced syngeneic skin rejection in C57BL/6J mice inoculated with any type of virus-containing materials, i.e., tumors, skin grafts, or cell-free tumor homogenates. However, SHV produced no such effect on BALB/c, CBA, C3HA, C3H, C3Hf, and T6T6 mice. Hybrid mice (C57BL/6J × BALB/c)F1 also resisted the heterogenizing action of SHV, despite the fact that K-237 sarcoma always grew progressively in these hosts. Sensitivity to SHV action seemed to be controlled by a recessive gene (or genes). The C57BL/6J strain was probably homozygous in respect to the hypothetical gene. A part of F2 hybrid mice appeared sensitive to the heterogenizing action of SHV. Furthermore, some sensitive F2 mice acquired the ability to infect C57BL/6J mice with SHV as a result of skin grafting. Thus sensitive F2 mice were, in this respect, similar to sensitive mice of the parental strain C57BL/6J. Various immunosuppressive treatments not only delayed rejection of heterogenized skin but often abolished it. Far from being accelerated, the rejection of secondary grafts of C57BL/6J heterogenized skin was delayed 2–4 days. However, the second-set rejection of C57BL/6J heterogenized skin occurred after it was transplanted to (C57BL/6J × BALB/c)F1 mice sensitized with similar grafts 3 weeks before. K-237 sarcoma cells failed to produce the new transplantation antigen present in skin cells. Skin cells, on the contrary, always produced this antigen, but did not provide mature virus reproduction. Possible explanations for these contradictory results are briefly discussed.
Effect of Explosion-blast on the Lungs
Authors: S. T. Falla
Journal: BMJ (1940)

1TBIrTrSHr 255 vomiting the dose was reduced after twenty-four hours to two tablets six-hourly.This course was continued till M-larch 3-for thirteen days in all-by which time the change in her local and general condition was so dramatic that the drug was stopped.Estimations of blood sulpha- pyridine made every three days gave an average figure of free sulphapyridine 2.0 mg. per 100 c.cm., total 3.3 mg. per 100 c.cm., with minimum findings of 1.7 mg. and 2.4 mg.respectively.No methaemoglobin was detected.The dis- charge decreased rapidly from the first day of giving sulpha- pyridine.Drainage tubes were removed on February 27 and the wounds were healed by March 16.The patient left hospital on April 7, but was readmitted on May 14 for repair of a ventral hernia at the site of her original laparotomy and for appendicectomy.The appendix showed fibrosis, but no microscopical evidence of actinomycosis; as the pelvic viscera appeared to be normal, however, it seems likely that the appendix was the original site of the infection.On July 12 the patient rejoined her unit with the A.T.S. Owing to the many scars in her abdominal wall she was not considered fit for motor driving, but is being employed in office duties.She has been advised to take 10 minims of Lugol's iodine thrice daily till the end of the year.
Points: Managing cerebral malaria
Authors: P E C Manson-Bahr, F I C Apted
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 444) the treatment with adrenaline referred to in the 17th edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases for cerebral malaria dates from the days when quinine was the only drug used in the treat- ment of severe falciparum malaria before the days of 4'amino-quinolines.Its value was based on hearsay and practice in conditions away from laboratory facilities.After the war quinine was no longer used, but with the appearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria rapidly assumed its former value.The more modern assessments of the results of traditional treatments and the general use of quinine by intravenous infusion, which has removed the danger of hypotensive collapse, have led to a reassessment of the practice.
On call rota system best for doctors' health
Authors: M. Halle
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Junior doctors may have escaped 80-90 hour weeks, thanks to the New Deal reforms. However, some of the new work methods the reforms have spawned are not proving popular. A new study shows that the old fashioned, on call rota system still gets the thumbs up from juniors and is better for their mental wellbeing ( Journal of the Royal College of Physicians …
British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts 2014
Authors: J.C. Sterling, S. Gibbs, S.S. Haque Hussain, M.F. Mohd Mustapa, S.E. Handfield‐Jones, J.R. Hughes, M. Griffiths, A.J. McDonagh, S. Punjabi, D.A. Buckley, I. Nasr, V.J. Swale, C.E. Duarte Williamson, P.M. McHenry, N.J. Levell, T. Leslie, E. Mallon, K. Towers, R. Davis, C. Saunders, A.G. Brian, L.S. Exton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, case series, case reports and open studies involving warts, published in the English language from January 1999 to March 2014; search terms and strategies are detailed in the Supporting Information.The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database was also searched for 'warts' with the same time restriction.Additional relevant references were also isolated from citations in the reviewed literature.Each author screened their set of identified titles, and those relevant for first-round inclusion were selected for further scrutiny.Working in pairs, the authors then reviewed the abstracts for the shortlisted references, and the full papers of relevant material were obtained; disagreements in the final selections were resolved by discussion among the entire development group.The structure of the 2001 guidelines was then discussed and re-evaluated, with headings and subheadings decided; different coauthors were allocated separate subsections.Each coauthor then performed a detailed appraisal of the selected literature, and all subsections were subsequently collated and edited to produce the final guideline. Limitations of the guidelineThis document has been prepared on behalf of the BAD and is based on the best data available when the document was prepared.It is recognized that under certain conditions it may be necessary to deviate from the guidelines and that the results of future studies may require some of the recommendations herein to be changed.Failure to adhere to these guidelines should not necessarily be considered negligent, nor should adherence to these recommendations constitute a defence against a claim of negligence. Plans for guideline revisionThe proposed revision for this set of recommendations is scheduled for 2019; where necessary, important interim changes will be updated on the BAD website.
Antifibrotic effect of silymarin in rat secondary biliary fibrosis is mediated by downregulation of procollagen α1(I) and TIMP-1
Authors: Ji-Dong Jia, Michael Bauer, Jae Jin Cho, Martin Ruehl, Stefano Milani, Gabriele Boigk, Ernst Otto Riecken, Detlef Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
THE MECHANISM OF LONG-TERM LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LOWERING EFFECT OF EZETIMIBE-PLUS-STATIN COMBINATION THERAPY IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS; COMPARED WITH DOUBLE-DOSE STATIN THERAPY
Authors: Kozo Okada, Kazuo Kimura, Noriaki Iwahashi, tsutomu endo, Himeno Hideo, Makoto Shimizu, Atsushi Wada, Atsushi Wada, Kazuaki Uchino, Satoshi Umemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Physician as Biomedical Scientist
Authors: Fred Whitehead
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  With reference to the article by Louis and Agich on Language and the Physician's Art (242:2580, 1979), is it not possible that the recent change in the popular conception of the physician from healer to biomedical scientist has a more positive aspect, at least in the long run? Not only is diagnosis now sharper and more precise (with the availability of batteries of tests and other means of assistance), but treatment is more specific and effective. Thus, medicine can be viewed as a phase of the great modern scientific revolution that is transforming the world and our notions of it, a revolution that may in fact still be in its early stages. Rather than being a diminution, this transformation mostly tends to demystify the physician. He is no longer a medicine man, merely consoling the ill, but a scientific hero who can actually cure disease. The physician can
Trends in the Earnings of Health Care Professionals in the United States, 1987-2010
Authors: Seth A. Seabury, Anupam B. Jena, Amitabh Chandra
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: Understanding trends in physician earnings is important given health care cost growth and proposed Medicare physician fee reductions.1 National surveys find that annual physician incomes increased 24% between 1982 and 19892 and decreased 7.1% between 1995 and 2003.3
Preventing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Developing Countries
Authors: John D. Schwankhaus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994Preventing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Developing CountriesJohn D. Schwankhaus, MDJohn D. Schwankhaus, MDVeterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic; Lubbock, TX 79410Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the article by Marcus and colleagues [1] on rheumatic mitral valve disease in developing countries. The enormity of this problem was obvious during a recent visit to the National Institute of Cardiology at Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Patients with rheumatic heart disease accounted for 60% of those on a vastly overcrowded cardiology ward. There were so many patients that each of the 55 beds was occupied by two to three persons. Lack of a primary prevention program, scarcity of antibiotics to treat group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and a tendency for patients ...References1. Marcus RH, Saredi P, Pocock WA, Barlow JB. The spectrum of severe rheumatic mitral valve disease in a developing country: correlations among clinical presentation, surgical pathologic findings, and hemodynamic sequelae. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:177-83. Google Scholar2. Massell BF, Chute CG, Walker AM, Kurland GS. Penicillin and the marked decrease in morbidity and mortality from rheumatic fever in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318:280-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John D. Schwankhaus, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic; Lubbock, TX 79410 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 77KeywordsAntibioticsCardiovascular therapyHeart diseasesPenicillinRheumatic feverStreptococcal pharyngitisSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Intradural, Extramedullary Anaplastic Astrocytoma Arising From the First Sacral Nerve Root
Authors: Nils Tiebel, Adam Lichota, Wolfram Scharbrodt, Ann-Freya Foerster, Christian Toedt, Guido Reifenberger, Bastian Malzkorn
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

A 48-year-old woman presentedwith a 6-month history of lumbosacral pain with sciatic distribution and paresthesia in the left S1 dermatome. She showed no motor weakness or bladder or rectal dysfunction. The preoperativemagnetic resonance image (MRI) of the lumbar spine showed an intradural, extramedullary cysticmass extendingalong the left S1 nerve root through the intervertebral foramen (Figure 1). Thepatient underwentmicroscope-assistedneurosurgical tumor resection via a lumbar posterior approach. Intraoperatively, the tumor was regarded as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Histologic examination revealed a moderately cellular astrocytic glioma thatdiffusely infiltrated thenerve root (Figure2A). The tumorcellshadatypical,moderatelypleomorphicnuclei and formed a fibrillary glial matrix. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and the R132Hmutant isocitratedehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) protein in the tumor cells (Figure2B).Many tumorcellsdisplayednuclear accumulationof the tumor suppressor protein p53. Immunohistochemical analysis for neurofilament proteins confirmed the infiltrative, intraneural tumor growth by demonstrating residual nerve fibers within the tumor tissue (Figure 2C). Based on the histologic and immunohistochemical features, thetumorwasclassifiedasanaplasticastrocytoma (WorldHealthOrganizationgrade III).Pilocyticastrocytomawasconsidered as a differential diagnosis. However, the infiltrative growth pattern, as well as the strong positivity for R132H-mutant IDH1 and the p53 positivity, argued in favor of a diffuse astrocytic glioma. Additional cranial and spinal MRI did not provide evidence of anaxial originof this unusually locatedanaplastic astrocytoma. The patientwastreatedwith local radiotherapy(6-weekcumulativedose, 60 Gy) and chemotherapy (temozolomide, 140 mg/d), given concomitantly to aswell as after radiotherapy (six 28-day cycles: 5days per oral application of temozolomide, 23 days paused). At the last follow-up visit 6months after the operation, no tumor progression was detected and no new neurological deficits were reported (Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, 80).
Drive-in vaccination allows 16 seconds per shot
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Officials in metropolitan Louisville, Kentucky (population 1.2 million) have found a new way to rapidly inoculate a population. Last year the metropolitan public health department offered free seasonal flu jabs at the empty county fairground, a massive complex with good road transportation in the highly car dependent region. The complex has a single entry point to the …
Health Care, Trust
Authors: Mary Anderlik Majumder
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential boosting of innate and adaptive antiviral responses during pegylated-interferon-alpha therapy of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lorenzo Micco, Dimitra Peppa, Elisabetta Loggi, Anna Schurich, Lucy Jefferson, Carmela Cursaro, Arianna Martello Panno, Mauro Bernardi, Christian Brander, Florian Bihl, Pietro Andreone, Mala K. Maini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The central role of chromatin in autoimmune responses to histones and DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: R W Burlingame, M L Boey, G Starkebaum, R L Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To gain insight into the mechanisms of autoantibody induction, sera from 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested by ELISAs for antibody binding to denatured individual histones, native histone-histone complexes, histone-DNA subnucleosome complexes, three forms of chromatin, and DNA. Whole chromatin was the most reactive substrate, with 88% of the patients positive. By chi-square analysis, only the presence of anti-(H2A-H2B), anti-[(H2A-H2B)-DNA], and antichromatin were correlated with kidney disease measured by proteinuria > 0.5 g/d. SLE patients could be divided into two groups based on their antibody-binding pattern to the above substrates. Antibodies from about half of the patients reacted with chromatin and the (H2A-H2B)-DNA subnucleosome complex but displayed very low or no reactivity with native DNA or the (H3-H4)2-DNA subnucleosome complex. An additional third of the patients had antibody reactivity to chromatin, as well as to both subnucleosome structures and DNA. Strikingly, all sera that bound to any of the components of chromatin also bound to whole chromatin, and adsorption with chromatin removed 85-100% of reactivity to (H2A-H2B)-DNA, (H3-H4)2-DNA, and native DNA. Individual sera often bound to several different epitopes on chromatin, with some epitopes requiring quaternary protein-DNA interactions. These results are consistent with chromatin being a potent immunogenic stimulus in SLE. Taken together with previous studies, we suggest that antibody activity to the (H2A-H2B)-DNA component signals the initial breakdown of immune tolerance whereas responses to (H3-H4)2-DNA and native DNA reflect subsequent global loss of tolerance to chromatin.
Combined dexamethasone and low-molecular-weight dextran in acute brain infarction: double-blind study.
Authors: M Kaste, R Fogelholm, O Waltimo
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Intramuscular dexamethasone combined with intravenous low-molecular-weight dextran (dextran 40) was compared with placebo in 40 patients with acute ischaemic cerebral infarction. A double-blind procedure was used. Dexamethasone was given for up to 14 days and dextran 40 for up to three days after the infarction. A weighted scoring system was used to evaluate neurological state and mobility. There were no differences in mortality or in improvement of the neurological or mobility scores between the two groups.
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Diester in Patients With Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Kenneth C.H. Fearon, Matthew D. Barber, Alastair G. Moses, Sam H. Ahmedzai, Gillian S. Taylor, Michael J. Tisdale, Gordon D. Murray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been proposed to have specific anticachectic effects. This trial compared EPA diethyl ester with placebo in cachectic cancer patients for effects on weight and lean body mass. Patients and Methods Five hundred eighteen weight-losing patients with advanced gastrointestinal or lung cancer were studied in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a novel preparation of pure EPA at a dose of 2 g or 4 g daily or placebo (2g EPA, n = 175; 4 g EPA, n = 172; placebo, n = 171). Patients were assessed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results The groups were well balanced at baseline. Mean weight loss at baseline was 18% (n = 518). Over the 8-week treatment period, both intention-to-treat analysis and per protocol analysis revealed no statistically significant improvements in survival, weight, or other nutritional variables. There was, however, a trend in favor of EPA with analysis of the primary end point, weight, at 8 weeks showing a borderline, nonsignificant treatment effect (P = .066). Relative to placebo, mean weight increased by 1.2 kg with 2 g EPA (95% CI, 0 kg to 2.3 kg) and by 0.3 kg with 4g EPA (−0.9 kg to 1.5 kg). Conclusion The results indicate no statistically significant benefit from single agent EPA in the treatment of cancer cachexia. Future studies should concentrate on other agents or combination regimens.
Decrease of Circulating Insulin Antibodies in Two Patients Treated with Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: A J Spijker, J Poortman, J H H Thijssen, D W Erkelens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Circulating insulin antibodies (CIA) were measured in two patients treated with continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSII) of human insulin (recombinant DNA). CIA were determined by a kinetic equilibrium assay after pretreatment of the serum to remove bound and free insulin. We observed that by changing from either purified bovine or purified porcine insulin to human insulin given by CSII, there is a gradual decrease in CIA detectable after 3 wk and more pronounced 3 mo after changing. These findings suggest that human insulin in combination with the improved metabolic control by CSII considerably reduces the antibody formation in patients with IDDM.