tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2248: Anti-leukemic activities of alcoholic extracts of two traditional Indian medicinal plants.
Authors: Hemant Malhotra, Bharti Malhotra, Shipra Bhargava, Om Singh Rathode, Pratibha Sharma, Ashwin Mathur, Sandeep Jasuja, Shubha V. Chiplunkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In recent years there has been a re-awakening of interest in the identification of Medicinal plants and their derivatives for the treatment of human diseases including cancer. The present work aims to investigate the in-vitro activity of two plants used in traditional Indian medicine - Zingiber Officinale Rose(Rhizome) and Nerium Oleander L(Leaves) against a human leukemic cell line. Method: The plants were extracted with methanol and ethanol using soxalate apparatus. In-vitro anti-cancer activity was screened against leukemic cell line K562 using the SRB and MTT assay. Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were characterized by PI staining flow cytometry and Gel electrophoresis, respectively. Results: Notable cancer cell growth inhibition was observed for extracts from Zingiber Officinale Rose and Nerium Oleander L with IC50 values ranging between 10 -28 μg/ml. Furthermore, treatment of cells with both the extracts was shown to produce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage indicating that the observed cytotoxicity was mediated via apoptosis. Conclusion: Extracts of Ginger and Oleander has anti-cancer activity against the K572 cell line in an in-vitro system. Based upon this initial screening work reported here, further studies aimed at the identification of active components of these extracts are planned. The activity of these agents against cell lines developed from actual patient samples are also planned. Citation Format: Hemant Malhotra, Bharti Malhotra, Shipra Bhargava, Om Singh Rathode, Pratibha Sharma, Ashwin Mathur, Sandeep Jasuja, Shubha V. Chiplunkar. Anti-leukemic activities of alcoholic extracts of two traditional Indian medicinal plants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2248
Progress on retinal image analysis for age related macular degeneration
Authors: Yogesan Kanagasingam, Alauddin Bhuiyan, Michael D. Abràmoff, R. Theodore Smith, Leonard Goldschmidt, Tien Y. Wong
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2013)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in those over the age of 50 years in the developed countries. The number is expected to increase by ∼1.5 fold over the next ten years due to an increase in aging population. One of the main measures of AMD severity is the analysis of drusen, pigmentary abnormalities, geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) from imaging based on color fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and other imaging modalities. Each of these imaging modalities has strengths and weaknesses for extracting individual AMD pathology and different imaging techniques are used in combination for capturing and/or quantification of different pathologies. Current dry AMD treatments cannot cure or reverse vision loss. However, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) showed that specific anti-oxidant vitamin supplementation reduces the risk of progression from intermediate stages (defined as the presence of either many medium-sized drusen or one or more large drusen) to late AMD which allows for preventative strategies in properly identified patients. Thus identification of people with early stage AMD is important to design and implement preventative strategies for late AMD, and determine their cost-effectiveness. A mass screening facility with teleophthalmology or telemedicine in combination with computer-aided analysis for large rural-based communities may identify more individuals suitable for early stage AMD prevention. In this review, we discuss different imaging modalities that are currently being considered or used for screening AMD. In addition, we look into various automated and semi-automated computer-aided grading systems and related retinal image analysis techniques for drusen, geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization detection and/or quantification for measurement of AMD severity using these imaging modalities. We also review the existing telemedicine studies which include diagnosis and management of AMD, and how automated disease grading could benefit telemedicine. As there is no treatment for dry AMD and only early intervention can prevent the late AMD, we emphasize mass screening through a telemedicine platform to enable early detection of AMD. We also provide a comparative study between the imaging modalities and identify potential study areas for further improvement and future research direction in automated AMD grading and screening.
Insufficient Ablative Margin Determined by Early Computed Tomography May Predict the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Wei Teng, Ka-Wai Liu, Chen-Chun Lin, Wen-Juei Jeng, Wei-Ting Chen, I-Shyan Sheen, Chun-Yen Lin, Shi-Ming Lin
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)

Tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remains common; some studies have reported that insufficient ablative margin after RFA might contribute to HCC recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether insufficient ablative safety margins determined by early computed tomography (CT) predicts HCC recurrence after RFA. This retrospective study recruited patients with a single HCC lesion after RFA in our department between May 2013 and March 2014. Early follow-up CT was performed within 7 days after RFA. An adequate ablative margin assessed by follow-up CT was defined as (maximum post-RFA CT radius)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/(maximum pre-RFA CT radius + 5 mm)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&gt; 1. All patients in whom complete ablation was achieved underwent a CT scan every 3 months for early detection of HCC recurrence. In total, 72 patients (48 male, mean age 69.4 years) were analyzed. Of these, eight patients had local tumor progression, four had intra-hepatic distant recurrence, and two had extra-hepatic metastasis. Insufficient ablative margin, defined as an ablative volume with a safety margin of less than 5 mm, was an important predictor of local tumor progression (LTP) (p = 0.015) and overall recurrence (p = 0.012). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of an insufficient ablative margin for predicting LTP and overall recurrence were 36.4%, 97.2%, 50.0%, and 87.9%, and 46.2%, 89.7%, 42.9%, and 87.9%, respectively. An ablative volume with an ablative margin of less than 5 mm is associated with higher rates of both LTP and overall recurrence in HCC after RFA.
INOTROPIC CONTRACTILE RESERVE CAN RISK STRATIFY AND PROGNOSTICATE PATIENTS WITH HIV CARDIOMYOPATHY: A DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHO STUDY
Authors: omar enrique wever pinzon, Jorge Silva Enciso, Jorge Romero, Emad Aziz, Daniel Pudpud, Farooq A. Chaudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Liver and Pancreas Scans
Authors: Pietro U. Capurro
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The photograph that accompanied our letter (229:763, 1974) was intended to illustrate our diagnosis rather than prove it. The scan in question was made with selenomethionine Se 75, which often produces excess optical density in the liver portion. However, we obtained similar results with technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid; again the liver appeared small, with areas of decreased count in the lower portion (fibrosis?), giving the liver the same profile. Further, we find that images obtained with a recently acquired camera (Ohio Nuclear) agree with those made with our scanner (Picker) in these details (Figure). Indeed, the changes shown by the camera are more pronounced, especially if the patient holds his breath for 20 seconds or more.  We never make our diagnosis on the basis of one criterion alone. We obtain the size and shape of the liver by scanning techniques. We determine the shape of and
German Human Methylome Project Started
Authors: Albert Jeltsch, Jörn Walter, Richard Reinhardt, Matthias Platzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor: 

In the December issue of Cancer Research , Jones and Martiensen report on an AACR meeting of scientists interested in DNA methylation and epigenetics ( [1][1]). The aim of that meeting was to prepare the grounds for a human epigenome project, which is certainly needed as concluded
Characterization of the intrinsic fibrinolytic properties of pro-urokinase through a study of plasmin-resistant mutant forms produced by site-specific mutagenesis of lysine(158).
Authors: V Gurewich, R Pannell, R J Broeze, J Mao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Two plasmin-resistant mutant forms of pro-urokinase (pro-UK) constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of Lys158 to Val158 and Met158 were used to evaluate the intrinsic enzymatic and fibrinolytic properties of pro-UK as distinct from those of its two-chain UK (TC-UK) derivative. Both mutants, while resistant to plasmin activation, were as sensitive as pro-UK to degradation by thrombin. Since thrombin cleaves a peptide bond only two residues from the activation site, the integrity of this loop was maintained in the two mutants. The amidolytic and plasminogen-activating activities of the mutants averaged 0.14 and 0.12% that of TC-UK, respectively. The fibrin plate activities were 2,400 IU/ml and 700 IU/mg for the Met158 and Val158 mutants or about 1.5% that of TC-UK. These findings attest to a discrete but low intrinsic activity for pro-UK and suggest that the higher values reported in the literature may be related to UK contaminants or plasmin-induced TC-UK generation during the assay. Clot lysis by the mutants required doses greater than 100-fold higher than those of pro-UK to induce a comparable effect. From this it appears that pro-UK activation is a major determinant of the rate of clot lysis occurring with pro-UK. Clot lysis by the mutants was potentiated by plasmin pretreatment of the fibrin and by the addition of small amounts of TC-UK or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Combinations of t-PA and the mutants were synergistic in their fibrinolytic effects. These findings mirror those previously obtained with pro-UK. We concluded that the previously described potentiation of pro-UK-induced clot lysis by UK or t-PA is mediated primarily by pro-UK itself rather than by a promotion of its activation.
TWO DIFFERENT COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS ON HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Gordon D. Ross, Margaret J. Polley, Enrique M. Rabellino, Howard M. Grey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

IN THE PRESENT STUDY IT WAS SHOWN THAT NORMAL PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES HAVE TWO DIFFERENT COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS: one for C3b (the immune adherence receptor) and one for C3b subsequent to its cleavage by C3b inactivator. The two receptors are not cross-reactive and were shown by tests with various antisera to be antigenically distinct. Both the immune adherence receptor and the receptor for C3b inactivator-cleaved C3b were found on normal peripheral lymphocytes and on cultured lymphoblastoid cells. In 15 out of 18 chronic lymphatic leukemia patients, the immune adherence receptor was either partially or completely missing from the peripheral lymphocytes, while the lymphocyte receptor for C3b inactivator-cleaved C3b was retained. Normal erythrocytes, on the other hand, were found to have only the immune adherence receptor. Granulocytes from normal peripheral blood appeared to have only a receptor for C3b and did not have a receptor for C3b inactivator-cleaved C3b.
NIH Committee Studying Fetal Tissue Transplants Meets This Month to Complete Its Assignment
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"THE BENEFITS of fetal tissue transplants are so enormously promising that it becomes the duty of the health research community to engage in the relevant research and therapy," says a draft statement prepared by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) committee. The 21-member committee, which was called to advise the NIH director on the ethical, legal, and scientific aspects of fetal tissue transplantation (and which meets again in a few days to complete its assignment), tentatively has concluded: Research with these tissues is acceptable. At the same time, the committee recognizes the moral issues involved, both individually and among society at large, because the source of most of the tissues is induced abortions. By using such tissues, researchers and even those who benefit from the results can be held to be parties to the "morally unacceptable" act of abortion, says one committee member. In recognition of this, the committee—in its
Teratogenetic properties of thalidomide.
Authors: W. H. James
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Background: We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in 12 patients with advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer in the setting of daily clinical practice. Patients and Methods: The starting daily dose of lenvatinib was 24 mg, tapered in the case of adverse events. Disease status was periodically evaluated by a single radiologist and safety assessment was regularly performed. Results: After a median follow-up of 13.3 months, 6- and 12-month progression-free survival rates were 63.6% and 54.6%, respectively. Overall survival at 6 and 12 months was 83.3% and 75.0%. Partial response was observed in five patients, while two showed stable disease as their best response. Conversely, progressive disease at first radiological assessment was detected in four patients. All patients experienced at least one adverse event, including systemic and gastrointestinal toxicity, high blood pressure and hand–foot syndrome. In order to manage toxicity, transient drug interruption and dose reduction were required in 10 and 9 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Our data confirm lenvatinib efficacy in patients with advanced thyroid cancer, despite an important toxic profile.
Serositis—A Complication of Colostomy
Authors: Charles G. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN FASHIONING a colostomy one should consider the extent of serosa exposure; this should be kept at a minimum to prevent serositis. The complications of ileostomy are well known; its maturation was shown by Crile and Turnbull 1 to be completed when infection of the serosa subsides. Difficulties of the ileostomy stoma were lessened by covering the serosa with skin, as advocated by Dragstedt et al. , 2 and, better, by simply cutting the stoma off flush with the skin and sewing it, leaving no serosa exposed.  As is attested by the relative paucity of complications from colostomy stomas, the serosa of the large bowel must be more resistant to infection than the serosa of the ileum; however, a similar maturation can take place, especially if a large amount of serosa is exposed for a prolonged time.  Report of Cases  The following cases illustrate serositis developing in colostomy stomas.  Case
824 ABACAVIR HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON RAPID VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRRIN COMBINATION TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C IN HIV-1 COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: M. Puoti, P. Sacchi, P. Nasta, G. Cariti, I. Maida, N. Ladisa, A. De Bona, C. Iannacone, G. Di Perri, M. Toti, R. Bruno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Abstract P1-03-11: Combination of <i>nab</i>-Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab Inhibited Tumor Growth and Metastasis of a New Triple Negative Breast Cancer Model
Authors: S Ran, V Trieu, LD Volk, A Wilber, N. Desai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancers are highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy. In this study, we established a new model of triple-negative breast cancer and used it to test the novel combination of nab-paclitaxel with anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, which has been effective in treating other metastatic cancer types. Methods: The triple-negative HCC1806 beast cancer cells were stably transfected with dual reporters Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and Renilla luciferase to establish the new HCC1806-RR model. Immunodeficient mice bearing orthotopic HCC1806-RR tumors of 150mm3 in size were treated with saline (control), bevacizumab (4 mg/kg. i.p., twice a week, for 10 weeks), nab-paclitaxel (10 mg/kg, i.v., qdx5), or with combination of nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab. Metastasis was analyzed by measuring luciferase activity in the lymph nodes (LN) and lungs. Results: The HCC1806-RR cells had identical morphology, proliferation rates and sensitivity to nab-paclitaxel as the parental HCC1806 cell line. HCC1806-RR tumors primarily metastasized to LN, with lung being a secondary metastatic site. Combination therapy of nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab inhibited tumor growth by 100%, as compared to 0% for bevacizumab (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 90% for nab-paclitaxel (P = 0.024). Importantly, only combination therapy reduced incidence of LN and lung metastases by 50% (P = 0.007) and 87% (P = 0.001). Overall, 50% of the mice in the combination therapy group (n = 10) had complete regressions of both primary tumors and metastases at both regional and distant sites. Conclusions : The HCC1806-RR is a new triple-negative breast model with dual reporters to allow for quantitative assessment of metastatic spread. This model can be used to study the biology and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Combination of nab-paclitaxel with bevacizumab was highly effective against HCC 1806-RR tumors, suggesting that this regimen could provide clinical benefits to patients with triple-negative breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-11.
Gene Therapy Could Begin Next Month
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE CLINICAL application of gene therapy could begin as early as next month. As predicted (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:314-317), the Recombinant DNA Committee of the National Institutes of Health has approved, with only one dissenting vote, the protocol intended to correct a rare congenital immune disorder, adenosine deaminase deficiency. The study involves inserting the gene that codes for this missing enzyme into cells obtained from 10 children with the disorder, then returning the cells to the patients. The work would be done at the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center by W. French Anderson, MD, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and R. Michael Blaese, MD, National Cancer Institute. Approval still is required, however, from the Food and Drug Administration and from the Acting Director of the National Institutes of Health, William Raub, PhD. Anderson says plans are for the clinical study to begin next month or in November. The committee also
Community mental health services must improve to meet all patients' needs, survey shows
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Previous studies have shown that each buccal ganglion in<i>Aplysia</i> contains two B52 neurons, one in each hemiganglion. We now show that there are two B52 neurons in a single buccal hemiganglion and four cells in an animal. We also show that the B52 neurons are histamine-immunoreactive and use reverse phase HPLC to show that the histamine-immunoreactive substance is authentic histamine. Previous studies have shown that the B52 neurons make numerous inhibitory synaptic connections with neurons active during the radula closing/retraction phase of ingestive motor programs. A computational model of the <i>Aplysia</i> feeding central pattern generator has, therefore, suggested that the B52 neurons play a role in terminating closing/retraction. Consistent with this idea we show that both B52 neurons fire at the beginning of radula opening/protraction. We also show that both B52 neurons are sensory neurons. They are depolarized when a flap of connective tissue adjacent to the buccal commissural arch is stretched. During ingestive feeding this is likely to occur at the peak of closing/retraction as opening/protraction begins. In the course of this study we compare the two ipsilateral B52 neurons and show that these cells are virtually indistinguishable; e.g., they use a common neurotransmitter, make the same synaptic connections, and are both sensory as well as premotor neurons. Nevertheless we show that the B52 neurons are reciprocally inhibitory. Our results, therefore, strikingly confirm theoretical predictions made by others that neurons that inhibit each other will not necessarily participate in antagonistic phases of behavior.
Corrigendum to: “The Influence of Baseline Parameters on Changes in IPSS with Dutasteride, Tamsulosin, and Combination Therapy: Two-Year Data from the Combination of Avodart® and Tamsulosin (CombAT) Study” [Eur Urol Suppl 2008;7:171 (Abstract no. 403)]
Authors: Claus G. Roehrborn, Andrea Tubaro, Francesco Montorsi, Massimo Maffezzini, Thierry Lebret, Venancio Chantada, Jack Barkin, Ramiro Castro, Tim Wilson
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Paclitaxel and Cell Division
Authors: K Wu, J A Leighton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 47-year-old woman had been given a diagnosis of a malignant ovarian tumor in 1995. Initial treatment included a radical hysterectomy and postoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and radiotherapy of the pelvis. Diffuse peritoneal relapse of the tumor was diagnosed in 1997, and treatment with paclitaxel and carboplatin was begun. Because of diarrhea, upper endoscopy and colonoscopy were performed while the patient was receiving a 24-hour infusion of paclitaxel. The last dose of carboplatin had been given one month earlier, and the next dose was to be given hours after endoscopy. Upper endoscopy showed proximal submucosal hemorrhage of the . . .