tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fungal Peritonitis in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: CLARK M. KERR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Fungal peritonitis is a rare complication in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We report five recent cases and their management. The fungi isolated were Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Exophiala jeanselmei, Drechslera spicifera, and a Fusarium species. Chemotherapy was attempted with various regimens including oral ketoconazole, intravenous or intraperitoneal amphotericin B, and oral flucytosine. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in two patients receiving treament with one of these drugs. Three patients were cured of their fungal infection. Three patients whose Tenckhoff catheters were left in situ died, whereas two patients whose catheters were removed survived. Our experience suggests that removal of the peritoneal catheter should be considered once the diagnosis of fungal peritonitis is established.
Abstract A30: MKP-1 negatively regulates Il-1beta in the oral tumor microenvironment
Authors: Xiaoyi Zhang, Hong Yu, Keith L. Kirkwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 6% of diagnosed malignancies in the United States, the most common form being head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors have been shown to play a critical role in various steps of malignant transformation, many of which are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). These kinases are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), the founding member of this class being mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). MKP-1 is often over-expressed in early stages of epithelial malignancies with levels of expression falling progressively in tumors of higher histological grade. As MKP-1 is a crucial negative regulator of innate immunity, we hypothesized MKP-1 inhibits tumor-promoting inflammation in the HNSCC microenvironment. MKP-1 deficient animals treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to induce HNSCC formation showed a significant increase in tumor development, characterized by tumor onset, size, histological grade, and inflammation. Tumor tissues expressed increased levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by qPCR and altered MAPK activity by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In particular, Il-1beta was significantly increased in MKP-1 deficient tumors as well as primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. These data suggest MKP-1 inhibits oral cancer progression by regulating Il-1beta expression. Elucidating the regulation of this inflammatory mediator in the tumor microenvironment may reveal critical tumor suppressive interactions mediated by MKP-1 that are lost during cancer progression. Citation Format: Xiaoyi Zhang, Hong Yu, Keith L. Kirkwood. MKP-1 negatively regulates Il-1beta in the oral tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A30. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A30
Fracture Treatment and Healing
Authors: Leonard F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1980)

There has been a real need for a current, one-volume work on the treatment of fractures, suitable for students, house staff, and practicing surgeons. This book fills that need very well. Because the editor himself has contributed the major portion of the material on the treatment of fractures,<i>Fracture Treatment and Healing</i>has consistency and continuity. Most of the other chapters have been contributed by acknowledged experts in their fields, such as Jonathan Black, John J. Bonica, Carl T. Brighton, William T. Fitts, Jr, Thomas K. Hunt, Basil A. Pruitt, Jr, and Robert B. Salter, to name a few. The introductory material on wound and fracture healing and on the biophysics and biomechanics of fracture healing is well done and presents current concepts in these areas. In such a comprehensive review, there are always opinions or statements to which a reviewer may take exception. The use of harness and strapping
Trichobezoar Presenting as Nutritional Oedema
Authors: P. M. Wine
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Trichobezoar Presenting as Nutritional OedemaBezoars, or masses of foreign material in the stomach and intestines, are known to occur in both man and animals.Their presence in the stomach of goats has been known for centuries, and magical healing properties were accorded to the concretions found there.Trichobezoars, or hair-balls, are masses of hair, wool, or similar substance, matted together and forming varying amounts of indigestible matter.As would be expected, trichobezoars affect the gastro-intestinal tract and give rise to dyspepsia, peptic ulceration, haematemesis, perforation, intestinal obstruction, exhaustion, and inanition.The fol- lowing case is of interest in that the presenting symptoms were oedema of the extremities and paraesthesiae.
Factors involved in the cytotoxicity of kaolinite towards macrophages in vitro.
Authors: R Davies
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The cytotoxicity of a high purity Cornish kaolinite toward mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was examined. The material was cytotoxic towards these cells, the activity could be decreased substantially by pretreating the dust with poly(2-vinylpyridine N-oxide). Pretreatment of the dusts with poly(acrylic acid) had a small effect on cytotoxicity, but combinations of the polymer treatments virtually abolished the material's biological activity towards macrophages. These studies indicated that the cytotoxicity of kaolinite is not due to its flakelike morphology.
Intraparenchymal Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm from Ipsilobar Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Francesco Petrella, Stefania Rizzo, Piergiorgio Solli, Alessandro Borri, Domenico Galetta, Roberto Gasparri, Giulia Veronesi, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Multiple Recording During Electrically Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TOYOMI SANO, ALLEN M. SCHER
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

1. Atrial fibrillation was induced in dogs by single electrical shocks. Close bipolar direct electrograms were taken from various parts of the atrium; as many as 22 electrograms and a standard lead II electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously. Initial phase and recovery phase of fibrillation were analyzed. 2. In the initial phase of atrial fibrillation, local firing consisting of rapid tachysystole of 996 to 3000 per minute was observed near the stimulating point in most experiments. Except for the leads showing local firing, the interval between beats at each recording point tended to be constant, and a time gap between two successive beats was observed. A propagation pattern could be plotted which seemed to start from the origin of local firing; some beats were conducted only locally, and others (every second, third or fourth discharge) were conducted widely. The cause of atrial fibrillation was considered to be local firing of one small area of the atrium, i.e., the unifocal theory of the origin of atrial fibrillation was supported. 3. During recovery from atrial fibrillation, features similar to those seen in the initial phase often appeared, although local firing disappeared. In some experiments, the atrium was separated electrically into a few groups of cells beating independently, and in others a "circus pathway" appeared to exist in the last beat. It seems that electrical separation of the atrium into many parts and circus movements, or multiple re-entry, may develop during the course of fibrillation, and that these phenomena perpetuate atrial fibrillation. 4. During the last beat of atrial fibrillation, the time required for all cells to depolarize was occasionally less than the duration of the normal sinus beat. A similar phenomenon was sometimes observed in the premature beats following atrial fibrillation.
Can different patient satisfaction survey methods yield consistent results? Comparison of three surveys
Authors: G. Cohen, J. Forbes, M. Garraway
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the consistency of survey estimates of patient satisfaction with interpersonal aspects of hospital experience. <b>Design</b>: Interview and postal surveys, evidence from three independent population surveys being compared. <b>Setting</b>: Scotland and Lothian. <b>Subjects</b>: Randomly selected members of the general adult population who had received hospital care in the past 12 months. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Percentages of respondents dissatisfied with aspects of patient care. <b>Results</b>: For items covering respect for privacy, treatment with dignity, sensitivity to feelings, treatment as an individual, and clear explanation of care there was good agreement among the surveys despite differences in wording. But for items to do with being encouraged and given time to ask questions and being listened to by doctors there was substantial disagreement. <b>Conclusions</b>: Evidence regarding levels of patient dissatisfaction from national or local surveys should be calibrated against evidence from other surveys to improve reliability. Some important aspects of patient satisfaction seem to have been reliably estimated by surveys of all Scottish NHS users commissioned by the management executive, but certain questions may have underestimated the extent of dissatisfaction, possibly as a result of choice of wording. <h3>Key messages</h3> High levels of satisfaction with regard to personal treatment by hospital staff, involvement in decisions, and communication with doctors have been reported in successive interview surveys in Scotland Levels of satisfaction with doctor-patient com- munication and involvement in decisions are sensi- tive to changes in wording Asking patients if they agree with a negative description of their hospital experience tends to produce greater apparent satisfaction than asking if they agree with a positive description
How to do it
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2007)

How many papers, particularly those reporting randomised controlled trials, fully describe what the researchers did? If you knew what the interventions truly comprised you might practise better, give more useful advice to patients, hone the design of your next study, replicate the trial, or decide whether to include the trial in a systematic review.

Nadine Foster and colleagues fill this evidence gap with their multicentre trial of physiotherapy advice, exercise, and true or sham acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee. In the full version on bmj.com of the paper we publish this week (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39280.509803.BE) they say what the physiotherapists …
Progress in endocrine exophthalmos.
Authors: C W Havard
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Exophthalmos or proptosis refers to forward displacement of the eyeball and must be distinguished from retraction of the eyelids which causes an illusion of exophthalmos. Lid retraction usually results from activation of the autonomie nervous system. Exophthalmos is a more serious disorder caused by inflammatory and infiltrative changes in the retro-orbital tissues, and is essentially a feature of Graves's disease, though it has been described in chronic thyroiditis1 and may occur in Cushing's syndrome.2 Exophthalmos commonly starts shortly after the development of thyrotoxicosis but may arise months or even years after hyperthyroidism has been successfully treated.3 Only 2-3% of patients with Graves's disease develop severe exophthal mos.4 The degree of exophthalmos is not correlated with the severity of hyperthyroidism, even when their onset is simul taneous. Some of the worst examples of endocrine exophthalmos occur in the euthyroid state and may appear in patients who have never had thyrotoxicosis?a disorder named ophthalmic Graves's disease.
Evaluation of Contraceptive Efficacy and Cycle Control of a Transdermal Contraceptive Patch vs an Oral Contraceptive&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Marie-Claude Audet, Michèle Moreau, William D. Koltun, Arthur S. Waldbaum, Gary Shangold, Alan C. Fisher, George W. Creasy
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextOral contraceptive (OC) pills are effective, but poor compliance increases rates of pregnancy during treatment.ObjectiveTo compare the contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, compliance, and safety of a transdermal contraceptive patch and an OC.DesignRandomized, open-label, parallel-group trial conducted October 1997 to June 1999.SettingForty-five clinics in the United States and Canada.ParticipantsA total of 1417 healthy adult women of child-bearing potential.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive a transdermal contraceptive patch (n = 812) vs an OC (n = 605) for 6 or 13 cycles. Patch treatment consisted of application of 3 consecutive 7-day patches followed by 1 patch-free week.Main Outcome MeasuresOverall and method-failure Pearl Indexes (number of pregnancies/100 person-years of use) and life-table estimates of the probability of pregnancy were calculated. Cycle control, compliance, patch adhesion, and adverse events were also assessed.ResultsOverall and method-failure Pearl Indexes were numerically lower with the patch (1.24 and 0.99, respectively) vs the OC (2.18 and 1.25, respectively); this difference was not statistically significant (P = .57 and .80, respectively). The incidence of breakthrough bleeding and/or spotting was significantly higher only in the first 2 cycles in the patch group, but the incidence of breakthrough bleeding alone was comparable between treatments in all cycles. The mean proportion of participants' cycles with perfect compliance was 88.2% (811 total participants, 5141 total cycles) with the patch and 77.7% (605 total participants, 4134 total cycles) with the OC (P < .001). Only 1.8% (300/16 673) of patches completely detached. Both treatments were similarly well tolerated; however, application site reactions, breast discomfort, and dysmenorrhea were significantly more common in the patch group.ConclusionThe contraceptive patch is comparable to a combination OC in contraceptive efficacy and cycle control. Compliance was better with the weekly contraceptive patch than with the OC.
TCT-880 CT-Angiography Versus Angiography in Iliacofemoral Tract Diameter Assessment: The Imaging Modality Can Be Determinative In Choice of Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Esther Wiegerinck, Henk Marquering, Nanne Oldenburger, Kirsten Boerlage-van Dijk, Karel Koch, Riccardo Cocchieri, Marije Vis, Nils Planken, Bas A.J.M. De Mol, Jan Piek, Jan Baan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Novel Role for the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Transactivator CIITA in the Repression of IL-4 Production
Authors: Tania Gourley, Stacey Roys, Nicholas W Lukacs, Steven L Kunkel, Richard A Flavell, Cheong-Hee Chang
Journal: Immunity (1999)

Class II transactivator (CIITA) is known as a coactivator for MHC class II gene expression in antigen-presenting cells. Surprisingly, when CIITA-/- CD4 T cells were stimulated in the presence of IL-12, they produced not only IFNgamma but also high levels of IL-4. The IL-4 production is due to the accumulation of IL-4 gene transcripts in Th1 cells. This transcriptional control is observed in T cells differentiating to the Th1 but not Th2 lineage, consistent with induction of expression of the CIITA gene in T cells by IFNgamma. Thus, in addition to its role in transactivation of genes involved in antigen presentation, CIITA plays a critical role during the T cell differentiation by negatively regulating the IL-4 gene transcription.
Abstract 4868: Dietary resveratrol promotes breast cancer progression in immunocompromised mice.
Authors: Linette Castillo-Pichardo, Luis A. Cubano, José F. Rodríguez-Orengo, Suranganie Dharmawardhane
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Resveratrol, a polyphenol from grapes and red wine has been widely studied due to its beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, our group and others have provided evidence for a dual cancer promoting or inhibitory role for resveratrol in breast cancer, dependent on the concentration. Moreover, much of the reported inhibitory effects of resveratrol are from studies with high non-physiological concentrations. Herein, we investigated the effects of low (0.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight) and moderate concentrations (50 mg/kg body weight) of resveratrol on mammary tumor growth, using immunocompromised mice. Our findings suggest promotion of mammary tumor growth and metastasis by resveratrol at all concentrations tested in tumors derived from the low metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)α(-), ERβ(+) MDA-MB-231 and the highly metastatic ER(-) MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines. Additionally, the activity of the migration/invasion regulator Rac, which we have previously shown to be regulated by resveratrol in vitro, was measured in tumors from resveratrol treated mice. Our results show a significant induction of tumoral Rac activity and a trend in increased expression of the Rac downstream effector PAK1, Akt, and jun kinase (JNK) following resveratrol treatment. Taken together, our findings implicate low concentrations of resveratrol in potential promotion of breast cancer. Because of this dual role of resveratrol on cancer progression, measuring circulating plasma levels of resveratrol becomes critical and could be used as a prognostic tool for resveratrol's responsiveness. Since, detection and quantification of low levels of resveratrol is limited by the sensitivity of existing methodologies, we developed a rapid UPLC-tandem MS method to quantify resveratrol from plasma. This method requires minimal sample preparation and allows the quantification of resveratrol in mouse plasma at lower levels and shorter retention times than those previously reported by similar methodologies. This study was supported by DoD/BCRP W81XWH-08-1-0258 to LCP, DoD/BCRP W81XWH-07-1-0330 to SD, the UCC Pilot Project Program, the UCC Postdoctoral Program sponsored by the PR Science, Technology and Research Trust, and the Title V PPOHA grant number PO31M105050 from U.S. Department of Education to UCC. Citation Format: Linette Castillo-Pichardo, Luis A. Cubano, José F. Rodríguez-Orengo, Suranganie Dharmawardhane. Dietary resveratrol promotes breast cancer progression in immunocompromised mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4868. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4868
Management of deep vein thrombosis and prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome
Authors: R. H. W. Strijkers, A. J. t. Cate-Hoek, S. F. F. W. Bukkems, C. H. A. Wittens
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

The annual global incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg is 1.6 per 1000.1 Classically, venous thrombosis of a lower limb begins in a deep calf vein and propagates more proximally. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and redness of the leg, depending on the vein segment(s) involved (see table 1⇓).2 Patients are at risk of pulmonary embolism.3 Despite optimal conservative treatment with anticoagulation and compression, one in four patients develops a post-thrombotic syndrome within one year,2 and one in three develops a recurrent DVT within five years.4 Patients with post-thrombotic syndrome have poor quality of life.5 A more aggressive approach to treatment, such as removal of early thrombus using catheter directed thrombolysis, might improve outcomes for patients with DVT compared with standard anticoagulation treatment.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 We review standard and new, more aggressive, management of DVT for the generalist reader, drawing from recent guidelines, cohort studies, small randomised controlled trails, and meta-analyses. All authors are investigators in the CAVA trial, which is one of three randomised controlled trials currently investigating outcomes after treatment with catheter …
Tc-99m MAA Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy Performed Before and After Pulmonary Embolectomy for Saddle-Type Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, M CLIVE ROBINSON, CARY HUBER, CALIXTO PULMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 58-year-old man had shortness of breath, hypotension, and decreased partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) on the eighteenth day after undergoing craniotomy for a meningioma. Tc-99m MAA pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy showed little perfusion to the right lung and left lower lung and multiple perfusion defects in the left upper lung. Although the results of concurrent chest radiography were negative for pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary angiography demonstrated a saddle-type embolism. The patient underwent emergency pulmonary artery embolectomy to remove blood clots and organized thromboemboll from the main pulmonary artery and the right and left pulmonary arteries. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and a second Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan demonstrated marked improvement in lung perfusion.
Surgery, Science and Society
Authors: A. W. Oughterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PRESIDENTIAL addresses before the Society have usually not been devoted to scientific subjects, a custom not without merit. Moreover, there are cogent reasons why once a year the Society should indulge at least one speaker on a nonscientific subject, for its preoccupation with science and art has left the medical profession exposed to the criticism that it has not kept pace with the vicissitudes of the social order. The profession may be justly proud of its scientific achievements, and its most avid critics find no fault with these accomplishments. But the application of this art and science to society has . . .
Evidence based parenting and anticoagulating
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Antisocial behavior and conduct disorders are increasingly common in children, especially in those from single parent homes or disadvantaged areas. Often the parents of children with conduct disorders have poor parenting skills. Judy Hutchings and colleagues performed a pragmatic, community based, randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a parenting program called “Incredible Years” to prevent conduct disorder in high risk Welsh children aged 3 to 5 (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39126.620799.55). Parents of 153 high risk children were randomized either to attend …
Systemic sclerosis terminating as systemic necrotizing angiitis
Authors: O. ISHIKAWA, T. TAMURA, K. OHNISHI, Y. MIYACHI, K. ISHII
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a 57‐year‐old woman with systemic sclerosis (SSc) who died suddenly, following a haemoptysis. At post‐mortem, systemic necrotizing angiitis of small vessels was observed in several organs. Necrotizing angiitis has been reported as a rare complication of systemic sclerosis, and is usually lethal.