tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Head of Public Library of Science defends financial security of publishing group
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The head of a leading online publishing house, the Public Library of Science (PLoS), has defended the financial viability of the venture after an article in Nature last week (2006;441:914) suggested that the author-pays model of funding publications, which PLoS uses, may be in crisis.

“It will not be long before substantial evidence has accumulated to demonstrate the financial viability of the author-pays model,” said Mark Gritton, chief executive officer of the open access publishing group.

His comments come after the news story in Nature showed that PLoS, the flagship publisher of PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine, was facing a deepening financial crisis.

Although Mr Gritton accepted the accuracy of the Nature …
The Mayo Clinic: Its Growth and Progress
Authors: Dean M. Connors
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The author of this book is a distinguished medical educator who for many years was director of the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research and later, until his retirement in 1966, was director of the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine. Dr Johnson's history of the Mayo Clinic begins with his arrival at the clinic in 1947 and continues to the present. The first section of the book presents the Mayo Clinic as an institution in the post-World War II era. The second part describes the growth of the clinic from its postwar status, and the final section deals with the Mayo Clinic today, ending with chapter 30, entitled "Mayo's Future." A number of accompanying photographs of the clinic and its associated institutions, along with a reasonably complete index, are included. The book is characterized by its great attention to statistical and descriptive detail and by its consistently laudatory spirit.
Corrigendum to ‘Lysosomal capturing of cytoplasmic injected nanoparticles by autophagy: An additional barrier to non-viral gene delivery’ [J. Control. Release 195 (2014) 29–36]
Authors: Katrien Remaut, Viola Oorschot, Kevin Braeckmans, Judith Klumperman, Stefaan C. De Smedt
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation and length of hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture: randomised controlled trial
Authors: S. Sinclair, S. James, M. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess whether intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation improves outcome and shortens hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture. <b>Design:</b> Prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing conventional intraoperative fluid management with repeated colloid fluid challenges monitored by oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period. <b>Setting:</b> Teaching hospital, London. <b>Subjects:</b> 40 patients undergoing repair of proximal femoral fracture under general anaesthesia. <b>Interventions:</b> Patients were randomly assigned to receive either conventional intraoperative fluid management (control patients) or additional repeated colloid fluid challenges with oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography used to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period (protocol patients). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Time declared medically fit for hospital discharge, duration of hospital stay (in acute bed; in acute plus long stay bed), mortality, perioperative haemodynamic changes. <b>Results:</b> Intraoperative intravascular fluid loading produced significantly greater changes in stroke volume (median 15 ml (95% confidence interval 10 to 21 ml)) and cardiac output (1.2 l/min (0.1 to 2.3 l/min)) than in the conventionally managed group (−5 ml (−10 to 1 ml) and −0.4 l/min (−1.0 to 0.2 l/min)) (P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.05, respectively). One protocol patient and two control patients died in hospital. In the survivors, postoperative recovery was significantly faster in the protocol patients, with shorter times to being declared medically fit for discharge (median 10 (9 to 15) days <i>v</i> 15 (11 to 40) days, P&lt;0.05) and a 39% reduction in hospital stay (12 (8 to 13) days <i>v</i> 20 (10 to 61) days, P&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Proximal femoral fracture repair constitutes surgery in a high risk population. Intraoperative intravascular volume loading to optimal stroke volume resulted in a more rapid postoperative recovery and a significantly reduced hospital stay. <h3>Key messages</h3> Patients undergoing hip fracture repair constitute a high risk group with considerable mortality and morbidity and an often protracted postoperative hospital stay These patients often have depleted intravascular volume in the perioperative period and rarely receive either invasive haemodynamic monitoring or high dependency care Haemodynamic optimisation guided by pulmonary artery catheter in the perioperative period has been shown to improve outcome in high risk patients undergoing major surgery, but this is not considered routinely practicable for hip fracture repair Intravascular volume optimisation directed by minimally invasive oesophageal Doppler monitoring in the intraoperative period significantly reduces hospital stay
ABNORMALITIES IN N15 EXCRETION RATES AFTER INGESTION OF TAGGED GLYCINE IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME AND FOLLOWING ACTH ADMINISTRATION 1
Authors: William Parson, K. R. Crispell, Arthur Ebbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

The purpose of this paper is to report studies of excretion rates of isotopic nitrogen, N"1, fol- lowing the ingestion of glycine in which the isotope was chemically incorporated.The studies were carried out on three patients with untreated Cushing's syndrome, and on two of these patients after receiving therapy in the form of X-ray to the pituitary and testosterone propionate respectively.The control studies on healthy volunteers and studies on two of these volunteers after receiving ACTH on three occasions are also reported. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll subjects were maintained on a constant diet contain- ing approximately 1 gm. of protein per kilogram of body weight.The nitrogen balance was estimated by analysis of an aliquot of a 24 hour urine specimen by the macro Kjeldahl technique (1).An analysis of an ali- quot of the diet was made at least once for each study.The stool nitrogen was assumed to be 1.3 gm.daily (2).Breakfast contained, in addition to dietary glycine, a meas- ured amount of glycine which varied from 40 to 120 mg./ Kg. of body weight in different experiments.On the test day, instead of an addition of the ordinary glycine, the subject received an equivalent amount of additional glycine in which isotopic nitrogen, N'', had been chemically incorporated.The amount of N'' ingested varied from 1 to 3 mg./Kg. of body weight.Urine collections were made every six hours for the first 48 hours, every 12 hours for the next 48 hours, and a final 24 hour collection was made on the fifth day.
Imatinib mesylate dose escalation is associated with durable responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after cytogenetic failure on standard-dose imatinib therapy
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Dan Jones, Jenny Shan, Susan O'Brien, Neeli Reddy, William G. Wierda, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Srdan Verstovsek, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2008)
Bilateral Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Howard J. Kesseler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Primary carcinoma of breast was treated in 967 patients from 1962 through 1972. Thirty-five of these patients had a second primary tumor of which 50% were discovered simultaneously. A family history for cancer was recorded in 26% of the patients with bilateral cancer. Patients found their tumor more often than the physician except in the simultaneous cases where the physician was more successful. Pathological examination showed 10% of the tumors were comedo, lobular carcinoma in situ, papillary, or tubular cancers. In the metachronous group, 50% of the axillae were involved on both sides. In the simultaneous cases the axilla was less frequently involved. Mammography, biopsies of the second breast, and prophylactic mastectomy in certain high-risk patients should improve survival rates.
CASE OF FATAL TRICHOCEPHALIASIS IN A CHILD
Authors: J. G. S. Jamieson, J. M. Lauder
Journal: BMJ (1910)

THI case now to be recorded was that of a girl aged 5.There was nothing of interest in the family history, and the child's previous history was free from illnesses of any importance.The patient's home and surroundings were in every way conducive to good health.
Nutritional Factors and Susceptibility to Lead Toxicity
Authors: Kathryn R. Mahaffey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Although the quantities of lead (Pb) to which individuals are exposed vary widely, susceptibility of an individual to the effects of a specific level of exposure is another highly important factor in development of lead toxicity. For example, susceptibility to lead toxicity can be modified by several dietary factors. Low dietary intakes of calcium or iron (20% of recommended levels) substantially increase the toxicity of the same level of lead exposure to rats. In the studies of calcium effect, when calcium was fed to rats at ⅕ of the recommended intake, 12 μg Pb/ml drinking water produced the same degree of toxicity as did 200 μg Pb/ml with a normal calcium diet. The maximal dose for a 10-week period that does not impair heme synthesis or renal function in the rat has been established to be 200 μg Pb/ml drinking water. The role of low calcium diet on increasing susceptibility to lead has been confirmed in several species. Mechanisms explaining the effect of calcium on lead toxicity may be related to absorption of lead from the gastrointestinal tract or renal tubule or to function of the parathyroid. Preliminary histological investigations on the parathyroids of control and lead-treated rats on normal and low calcium diets show no effect of lead. Studies are currently underway to evaluate the lead, calcium and iron contents of the diets of children with normal and elevated concentrations of blood lead.
27-Hydroxycholesterol is an endogenous SERM that inhibits the cardiovascular effects of estrogen
Authors: Michihisa Umetani, Hideharu Domoto, Andrew K Gormley, Ivan S Yuhanna, Carolyn L Cummins, Norman B Javitt, Kenneth S Korach, Philip W Shaul, David J Mangelsdorf
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Positive Association Between Obesity, Asthma, And Lung Function In Young Korean Boys
Authors: Y. Song, B. Kim, J. Yu, H. Kim, W. Kim, S. Lee, J. Shim, S. Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)

RATIONALE: The rising prevalence of asthma in developed country may be associated with the rising prevalence of obesity. We investigated the relationship between obesity and symptom and diagnosis of asthma, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness in 6-8 year old children. METHODS: Data from Korean children aged 6-8 years from a cross-sectional study was analyzed. ISAAC questionnaire was used to collect information on the prevalence of symptom and diagnosis of asthma. We classified study population into the obesity (BMI > 95 percentile), overweight (BMI = 85-95 percentile), and non-overweight group (BMI < 85 percentile) according to the Korean BMI percentile curve. We performed pulmonary function test (PFT), methacholine challenge, and skin prick test (SPT) in 2,175 children randomly selected from total study population. RESULTS: In all subjects, obesity group had higher prevalence of ever and current symptom of asthma and exercised induced asthma symptom compared to non-overweight group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001 respectively). However, obesity did not affect the lung function, bronchial responsiveness and atopy. The prevalence of current symptom of asthma was significantly higher in obesity group of boys, compared to non-overweight group (p = 0.001), but not in girls. Obesity group of boys had lower FEV1/FVC ratio and lower FEF25-75%, compared to non-overweight group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.033 respectively), but not in girls. BMI in all groups of boys is higher than that of girls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that obesity is associated with symptom of asthma, especially in Korean boys, and this relationship can be explained by the effect of obesity on lung function.
Quantitative Measurement of Vascularization and Vascular Ingrowth Rate of Coralline Hydroxyapatite Ocular Implant by Tc-99m MDP Bone Imaging
Authors: A. CAHID CIVELEK, ELBA M. PACHECO, T. K. NATARAJAN, HENRY N. WAGNER, NICHOLAS T. ILIFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Complete fibrovascular ingrowth of the hydroxyapatite ocular implant is necessary for peg drilling, the secondary procedure that couples the mobile sphere to the ocular prosthesis providing it with motility. This study was conducted to determine the usefulness of the bone scan for the evaluation and relative quantification of the vascularization of coralline hydroxyapatite ocular implants. In 23 patients (32 scans), vascularization of the ocular implant was measured by three-phase bone scintigraphy. There were 16 patients with left, and 7 with right orbital implants. At followup 0.5 to 8 months after successful hydroxyapatite implantation, the mean implant to normal intraorbital activity ratio on delayed bone scans in anterior view was 2.73 · 0.73 (mean ± SD) with a range of 1.42–4.2. The normal right to left and left to right intraorbital bone activity ratios determined in anterior view from 10 normal delayed bone scans were 0.98 · 0.05 (mean ± SD) and 1.02 · 0.05 (mean ± SD) respectively, with a range of 0.93–1.07. The difference of the activity (count) ratios among the successfully implanted group and normals was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). A hydroxyapatite ocular implant to contralateral intraorbital bone activity ratio of greater than 1.12 with a homogeneous tracer distribution throughout the implant suggests adequate and diffuse vascularization is present. The progressive increase in activity ratio of the orbital implants seen in the early postimplantation period, which is indicative of the progression of vascularization, reaches a plateau after 1 month and remains relatively stable thereafter. The authors report that by using their surgical technique, the bone scan characteristics at 1–2 months were similar to those at 6 months suggesting that the vascularization of the ocular hydroxyapatite implant may well be complete as early as 1–2 months after the implant surgery.
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Caused by Penicillin-Sensitive Streptococci
Authors: Morton Hamburger
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Seventeen patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by penicillinsensitive streptococci were treated for 2 weeks with a combination of phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) by mouth and streptomycin intramuscularly. No bacteriological relapses were observed in follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 54 months. Three patients died 22 to 34 months after treatment, one from burns, one from cardiac failure, and one suddenly, causes unknown.
Metabolic Disease: A Guide to Early Recognition
Authors: Stephen LaFranchi
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Cohn and Roth state that the aim of their book is to enable the practitioner to make a presumptive diagnosis of metabolic disease based on the clinical presentation, and in this regard I believe that they have succeeded admirably. The authors make the transition to clinical medicine with a 35-page chapter on "Biochemistry in Metabolism and Medicine," an excellent, up-to-date basic science review that will prove useful to all but the most recent graduates of medical school. Following this, the book is divided into two sections on "Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Derangements" and "Laboratory Evaluation of Metabolic Disorders." These sections provide extensive coverage of amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid disorders, among others. The pathophysiology chapters offer a good overview of biochemistry, physiology, and clinical disorders. By providing these basic principles, the authors hope to draw the clinician away from memorization of the myriad inborn errors of metabolism, and
Love: A Clinical Definition
Authors: Philip Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WHEN medical students ask the embarrassing question — "What is love?" — one is hard put to it to give a satisfactory answer. The term "love" is used in many different senses. A pediatrician will sometimes say that a querulous, ailing infant needs, among other things, "love" from a mother or mother figure. Gynecologists speak of women who "love" themselves so much that they avoid pregnancy because of what it may do to their figures. Surgeons and dermatologists know similar patients and the effect of scars and skin blemishes upon them. Internists and endocrinologists must reckon with their obese and . . .
Abstract LB-92: Using immunohistochemistry to evaluate FGFR3 gene fusion recurrence and clinical associations in astrocytomas
Authors: Kirsi J. Granberg, Birgitta Lehtinen, Matti J. Annala, Hannu Haapasalo, Matti Nykter, Wei Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been reported to be tumorigenic in various cancer types. When FGFR3 is fused with another gene, most commonly with transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (TACC3), it can escape miRNA-mediated regulation and remain constitutively active most likely due to the dimerization via the domains of TACC3 or another fusion partner. Among brain cancers, gene fusions involving FGFR3 have been detected in glioblastoma and certain low grade gliomas. Furthermore, FGFR3-TACC3 fusion positive glioma cells have responded well to targeted therapies. The endogenous FGFR3 protein levels are extremely low in brain partly due to miR-99a-mediated regulation and gene fusions lead to prominent protein expression. In previous studies, FGFR3 fusion recurrence and fusion partners have been analyzed only in limited patient cohorts and there are no reports about their clinical associations. In this study, we have performed immunohistochemistry for FGFR3 on tissue microarrays with over 750 clinical astrocytoma samples (including grade 1-3 astrocytomas and glioblastomas). FGFR3 positive staining has been detected in subpopulations of all included tumor grades. The observed recurrences (1.8%-6.2%, depending on the grade) are consistent with previous sequencing-based studies. To validate immunohistochemistry-based approach for FGFR3 fusion detection, we are using frozen tumor material to confirm the presence of fusion with Western blotting and with PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we have associated FGFR3 staining scores with clinical records for all the cases. FGFR3 staining is more common in females than males both in astrocytoma (7.6% vs 2.2%, pearson chi-square p-value 0.004, n=752) and glioblastoma cohorts (8.9% vs 2.1%, pearson chi-square p-value 0.008, n=494). In addition, FGFR3-staining negatively associates with aberrant p53 staining indicating p53 mutation (FGFR3-positive cases: 5.8% vs 1.8% in p53 low vs high groups, respectively, pearson chi-square p-value 0.030, n=399). Altogether, this study evaluates the suitability of immunohistochemical methods for FGFR3 fusion detection as well as investigates their recurrence and clinical significance in astrocytomas. Citation Format: Kirsi J. Granberg, Birgitta Lehtinen, Matti J. Annala, Hannu Haapasalo, Matti Nykter, Wei Zhang. Using immunohistochemistry to evaluate FGFR3 gene fusion recurrence and clinical associations in astrocytomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-92. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-92
Effects of cellular uncoupling on conduction in anisotropic canine ventricular myocardium.
Authors: C W Balke, M D Lesh, J F Spear, A Kadish, J H Levine, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Experiments were performed on canine superfused ventricular epicardial tissue slices to determine the effects of 1.0-2.0 mM heptanol, an uncoupling agent, on conduction longitudinal and transverse to myocardial fiber orientation. Conduction velocities were measured between proximal and distal pairs of epicardial electrodes oriented transverse and longitudinal to the direction of a conducted wavefront evoked by pacing at a basic cycle length of 2,000 msec from one margin of the tissue before and after the addition of heptanol. In a separate group of tissues, the dual bipolar orthogonal electrode was used to sequentially map epicardial activation at 40 to 45 sites in a 1 cm x 2 cm area before and 30 minutes after the introduction of heptanol. In a third group of tissues, transmembrane potentials were recorded with standard microelectrode techniques to determine the effects of heptanol on action potential characteristics. Heptanol did not significantly effect action potential amplitude or maximum rate of depolarization. After 1.0 mM heptanol, conduction velocity began to decrease in 1-2 minutes and reached a steady state in 15-20 minutes. Conduction velocity in the longitudinal direction decreased from a control value of 0.56 +/- 0.13 to 0.46 +/- 0.10 M/sec (+/- SD) at 30 minutes after heptanol (p = 0.005). In the transverse direction, it decreased from 0.24 +/- 0.09 to 0.17 +/- 0.05 M/sec (p = 0.002). The ratio of longitudinal to transverse conduction velocities increased from 2.54 +/- 1.00 to 2.94 +/- 0.82 (p = 0.042). Thus, heptanol preferentially slowed conduction in the transverse direction. Because heptanol did not greatly influence active membrane properties, we used cable equations to calculate the time course of the change in effective junctional resistivity, which rose from 133.2 omega.cm before heptanol to 312.2 omega.cm 30 minutes after heptanol administration. We conclude that heptanol slows conduction velocity by selectively increasing junctional resistivity. The preferential slowing of conduction in the transverse direction is most likely due to the fact that more junctional resistances are encountered per unit distance in the transverse than in the longitudinal direction.
THE PROBLEM OF TYPHUS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: JOHN F. ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In a paper presented before this Association in 1911, Dr. Morris Lewis<sup>1</sup>reported a study of thirteen cases of "so-called Brill's disease" observed by him in Pennsylvania Hospital. He stated that he was not convinced that the disease was not an atypical typhus, but that it remained for the laboratory worker to settle the question definitely. Not long after Lewis' paper was published the identity of the disease, described by Brill and referred to by Lewis, with typhus was definitely determined by the work of Anderson and Goldberger.<sup>2</sup>These workers found that the monkey was susceptible to infection with blood from patients with Brill's disease; and, by a series of crossimmunity tests, showed that monkeys that had recovered from Brill's disease could not be infected with Mexican typhus and, conversely, that monkeys resistant to Mexican typhus could not be infected with Brill's disease. This reciprocal immunity showed conclusively
Reply from Authors re: Guido Barbagli, Massimo Lazzeri. Patient's Reported Outcome and Reconstructive Urethral Surgery: A “First Toe in the Water”. Eur Urol 2011;60:69–71
Authors: Anthony R. Mundy, Matthew J. Jackson, Daniela E. Andrich, Christopher R. Chapple, James M.O. N'Dow, Robert S. Pickard
Journal: European Urology (2011)