tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LUNG/HEART RATIO TC99m ALBUMIN STUDIES TO SEPARATE PULMONARY EDEHA DUE TO PRESSURE/VOLUME OVERLOAD FROM THAT DUE TO DAMAGED CAPILLARIES
Authors: F. S. Mishkin, A. Kumar, I. C. Reese, A. Thomas, A. H. Niden
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The hypothesis tested was that edema resulting from pulmonary capillary damage is accompanied by an increased net leakage of molecules such as albumin from the vascular space into the lung, whereas edema resulting primarily from increased venous pressure is not. Tc99m albumin was injected intravenously in three groups of patients: normal, cardiac failure, and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One minute of data from an anterior view of the chest was obtained at 20 minutes and 3 hours following injection of 20mCi. A lung heart ratio (L/H) was calculated placing a box region of interest over the right mid lung field and the middle of the cardiac silhouette. In absolute increase of less than 10% between L/H1 (20 min) and L/H2 13 hrs) included all normal patients. All but 2 of the 18 patients with heart failure or volume overload edema had a L/H ratio which increased less 10%. Patients with ARDS showed a spectrum of L/H ratio changes from less than 10% in all 6 with narcotic overdose to an increased ratio in 3/10 with pneumonia, 2 of 2 with seizures, one each with blood transfusion reaction, sickle cell disease, eclampsia and 1 of 2 with tuberculosis. Using a ratio change corrects for geometric factors, chest wall uptake, variable blood clearance rates and label loss. This simple procedure, adaptable to the bedside, clearly distinguishes a volume or pressure overload group showing no L/H change over time, from those with other causes of pulmonary edema. It suggests that ARDS contains a wide spectrum of capillary changes.
Assessment of Neonatal Conjunctivitis With a Direct Immunofluorescent Monoclonal Antibody Stain for Chlamydia
Authors: P A Rapoza, T C Quinn, L A Kiessling, W R Green, H R Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Chlamydial conjunctivitis was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining of conjunctival smears in 46 of 100 consecutive neonates with conjunctivitis. The remaining 54 infants had bacterial conjunctivitis most commonly caused by<i>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus</i>, and<i>Haemophilus</i>species. A comparison of the direct test with chlamydial cultures demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94%, whereas Giemsa stain had a sensitivity of 42% and a specificity of 98%. Nineteen percent of infants treated with oral erythromycin for chlamydial infections in accordance with Centers for Disease Control guidelines had clinical and laboratory evidence of persistent chlamydial conjunctivitis. We conclude that<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>is a major cause of neonatal conjunctivitis that can be effectively and rapidly diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining of conjunctival smears. Further evaluation of treatment regimens appears to be warranted. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:3369-3373)
Wegener's granulomatosis of the elderly: a case report of uncommon severe gangrene of the feet.
Authors: L La Civita, G Jeracitano, C Ferri, R Pedrinelli, G Dell'Omo, G Catapano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Wegener's granulomatosis of the elderly: a case report of uncommon severe CD gangrene of the feet '-
Analysis of the cellular basis of keratinocyte growth factor overexpression in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: P W Finch, A L Cheng
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) stimulates gastrointestinal epithelial cells in vivo, and is protective against gastrointestinal injury and colitis. Endogenous KGF is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and may be an important mediator of mucosal repair. KGF is expressed by mesenchymal cells and activated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate the relative contributions of these cellular sources of KGF expression in IBD. <h3>METHODS</h3> IELs and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were isolated from inflamed and uninflamed IBD tissues. mRNA expression was determined by ribonuclease protection assay. In situ hybridisation was combined with immunohistochemistry to determine whether KGF mRNA was expressed by specific cell types in vivo. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Low levels of KGF mRNA expression were detected in three of five IEL samples derived from inflamed tissue, but not in two IEL samples from uninflamed tissue. No KGF expression was detected in LPLs from either inflamed or uninflamed tissue. In contrast, KGF was expressed by primary cultures of human intestinal fibroblasts, and was induced by treatment with interleukin 1. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The major source of KGF expression in IBD was lamina propria cells of non-immune origin, most likely fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells. Compared with these cell types, relatively little KGF synthesis was associated with IELs in inflamed IBD tissue.
Cancer Genome Sequencing—An Interim Analysis
Authors: Edward J. Fox, Jesse J. Salk, Lawrence A. Loeb
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

With the publishing of the first complete whole genome of a human cancer and its paired normal, we have passed a key milestone in the cancer genome sequencing strategy. The generation of such data will, thanks to technical advances, soon become commonplace. As a significant number of proof-of-concept studies have been published, it is important to analyze now the likely implications of these data and how this information might frame cancer research in the near future. The diversity of genes mutated within individual tumor types, the most striking feature of all studies reported to date, challenges gene-centric models of tumorigenesis. Although cancer genome sequencing will revolutionize certain aspects of personalized care, the value of these studies in facilitating the development of new therapies, their primary goal, seems less promising. Most significantly, however, the cancer genome sequencing strategy, as currently applied, fails to characterize the most relevant genomic features of cancer-the mutational heterogeneity within individual tumors.
TCT-467 Bivalirudin versus Heparin for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Michael J. Lipinski, Thibault Lhermusier, Ricardo O. Escarcega, Nevin C. Baker, Marco A. Magalhaes, Rebecca Torguson, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS CONCERNING THE BINDING OF VIRUS BY HOST CELLS
Authors: W. Wilbur Ackermann, Nakao Ishida, H. F. Maassab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Under certain conditions, influenza virus may bind to chorioallantoic membrane and the infectious property is retained upon prolonged incubation of the complex. Apparently the bound active virus is not functioning in the initiation of viral increase. The bound infectious virus may be partially removed by extensive washing. The characteristics of the washing are suggestive of a reversible equilibrium type of binding. Binding will also occur when the tissue has been pretreated with RDE or in the presence of AMPS. However, under these conditions the binding is of a lesser degree. When the tissue has been treated with RDE and AMPS is present, no stable binding occurs. In the presence of AMPS, the initiating activity is bound but cannot function in promoting viral increase. It is proposed that active virus is held by two types of binding at the same site; one type of binding is sensitive to the action of RDE; the second type is sensitive to the blocking effect of AMPS. Virus can be held to the receptor site by either type of binding or both. It is further suggested that the bound infectious virus is a result of an abortive attempt at initiating infection. The nature of the binding of infectious virus is of significance for understanding the binding of initiating activity.
Uptake of influenza vaccination by patients with serious cardiac disease.
Authors: J. J. Kurinczuk, K. G. Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Questionnaire envoye a 251 malades en attente d'une operation cardiaque et 349 ayant ete operes recemment. La vaccination antigrippale est acceptee et meme demandee par un grand nombre de ces malades, ce qui est encourageant
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a rapidly activatable prodrug of SN-38 for neuroblastoma therapy
Authors: Ivan S. Alferiev, Radhika Iyer, Jamie L. Croucher, Richard F. Adamo, Kehan Zhang, Jennifer L. Mangino, Venkatadri Kolla, Ilia Fishbein, Garrett M. Brodeur, Robert J. Levy, Michael Chorny
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Solitary Fibrous Tumour of the Urinary Bladder with Expression of bcl&amp;ndash;2, CD34, and Insulin&amp;ndash;Like Growth Factor Type II
Authors: Barbara Corti, Rodolfo Carella, Elena Gabusi, Antonia D&rsquo;Errico, Giuseppe Martorana, Walter F. Grigioni
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Diplopia in Upper Gaze-Reply
Authors: Hedie S. Kuhn
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Smart's comment on the use of prisms in the upper segment of glasses for a miner who has the rare condition of diplopia in the upper gaze suggests a very complicated arrangement. An individual with such a problem should not work as a miner under any circumstances. I do not think that the upward gaze can be corrected with hook-on prisms or prisms in the upper part of a high bifocal.
Small intestine dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Chi-Sen Chang, Gran-Hum Chen, Han-Chung Lien, Hong-Zen Yeh
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Patients with bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) more frequently than patients without bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. The objective of this study was to determine whether the incidences of small intestine dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth are higher in cirrhotic patients with a history of SBP than in cirrhotic patients without SBP. Forty cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study. There were 20 patients with a history of SBP and 20 patients without a history of SBP. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed by breath hydrogen test. Small intestine motility was recorded, by a 3–channel solid–state manometric catheter, for 24 hours. There were no statistical differences in age or sex between the two groups. The Child–Pugh scores in the SBP group were higher than in the non–SBP group (10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 8.1 ± 1.9, P &lt; .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine was higher in the SBP group than in the non–SBP group (70% vs. 20%, P &lt; .01). The amplitude and duration of migrating motor complex (MMC) activity fronts, as well as the number of clusters per hour, were similar in both groups. However, the frequency of MMC activity fronts was higher in the non–SBP group than in the SBP group (4.8 ± 2.3/24 hours vs. 3.5 ± 1.2/24 hours, P &lt; .05). In addition, the MMC velocity was significantly higher in the non–SBP group (8.3 ± 2.6 vs. 5.3 ± 2.1 cm/min, P &lt; .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine was higher in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP than in those without SBP. Small intestine motility dysfunction was more severe in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP. Impaired motility of the small intestine, causing bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, may be one of the explanations for recurrent SBP in cirrhotic patients.
Quantification of Bone Mineralization by Dual Photon Absorptiometry in Osteopetrosis
Authors: LORRAINE M. FIG, BARRY L. SHULKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Osteopetrosis is an unusual inherited disease that results in generalized increase in skeletal density. The authors had the opportunity to quantify bone mineralization by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in a child with osteopetrosis. Although DPA is most commonly employed in elderly patients suspected of osteoporosis, the technique may also be valuable in the evaluation of children with metabolic bone disease.
Abstract LB-143: Sustained siRNA delivery by mesoporous silicon particles
Authors: Takemi Tanaka, Mangala Lingegowda, René Nieves-Alicea, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood, Mauro Ferrari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful approach for silencing genes associated with a variety of pathologic conditions; however, in vivo RNAi delivery has remained a major challenge due to lack of safe, efficient, and sustained systemic delivery. Here, we report on a novel approach to overcome these limitations using a multistage vector comprised of mesoporous silicon particles (S1MP) loaded with neutral nanoliposomes (DOPC) containing siRNA targeted against the oncoprotein, EphA2 that is overexpressed in a majority of cancers, including ovarian. Our delivery methodology resulted in sustained EphA2 gene silencing for at least 3 weeks in two independent orthotopic mouse models of ovarian cancer following a single intravenous administration of S1MP loaded with EphA2-siRNA-DOPC. Furthermore, a single administration of S1MP loaded with-EphA2-siRNA-DOPC substantially reduced tumor burden, angiogenesis and cell proliferation as compared to a non-coding control siRNA alone (SKOV3ip1: 54%, HeyA8: 57%), with no significant changes in serum chemistries or in pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we have provided the first in vivo therapeutic validation of a novel, multistage siRNA delivery system for sustained gene silencing with broad applicability to pathologies beyond ovarian neoplasms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-143.
DEFORMATION OF THE HUMAN HEEL PAD DURING WALKING APPROACHES PREDICTED LIMITS OF PAIN TOLERANCE
Authors: Scott Wearing, Sue Hooper, Philip Dubois, James Smeathers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background The plantar heel pad is a specialised fibroadipose tissue that attenuates and dissipates, in part, the impact energy associated with heel strike. Although near maximal deformation of the heel pad has been shown to occur during running, 1 in vivo measurement of the mechanical properties of the heel pad during walking remain largely unexplored. This study used a digital fluoroscope, synchronised with a pressure plate, to obtain force–deformation data for the heel pad during walking. Methods Dynamic lateral foot radiographs were acquired from sixteen healthy adults while walking at their preferred speed. Sagittal thickness and deformation of the heel pad relative to the support surface were calculated. Simultaneous measurement of peak force beneath the heel was used to estimate the principal structural properties of the heel pad. Results Transient loading profiles associated with walking induced rapidly changing deformation rates in the heel pad and resulted in irregular load–deformation curves. The initial stiffness (32±11 N.mm–1) of the heel pad was an order of magnitude lower than its final stiffness (212±125 N.mm–1) and only 1.0 J of energy, on average, was dissipated by the heel pad during walking. Peak deformation (10.3 mm) approached that predicted for the limit of pain tolerance (10.7 mm). Discussion/Conclusions Peak deformation of the heel pad approached that predicted for the limit of pain tolerance, 2 suggesting the heel pad operates close to its pain threshold even at speeds encountered during walking. These findings raise questions as to the function of the heel pad during gait, highlight the need for alternative energy dissipating mechanisms during high impact activities often encountered in sport, and provide insight as to why barefoot runners adopt ‘forefoot’ strike patterns that minimise heel loading.
Update: HHS Reverses Decision to Halt Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

screening assays with the rich historical database generated by the NTP [National Toxicology Program] using traditional in vivo and in vitro toxicological assays.” Once such signatures are identified and validated, they may be used to prioritize which compounds should be examined via animal tests or to predict which chemicals are likely to have toxic effects without having to use animals. High-throughput toxicity tests involve an automated system which places samples of identical cells in 1536 tiny wells on a 3by 5-in dish and then adds a different chemical to each well, explained Christopher P. Austin, MD, director of the NIH’s Chemical Genomic Center (NCGC), which makes this industrial-scale technology available to public researchers. Tests are then run on each of the wells to look for cellular damage. Because the system is automated, it will be possible for the collaborators to test thousands of chemicals over a wide range of concentrations in more than a dozen different human and animal cell types in an exceptionally short time frame. This will allow the production of doseresponse curves that can be used to determine whether human exposure levels to a particular toxic compound are sufficient to cause harm. The scientists also will be able to compare the toxic effects in cells from various tissues, such as liver and kidney, and contrast these responses across species. Additionally, the tests might be used to determine a chemical’s effect on select molecular pathways. Austin said that with the use of this automated system, the NCGC can test 100 000 compounds at 15 different concentrations in 2 days. By contrast, he said, he has calculated that it would take 6 months for one person (working 8 hours a day, 7 days a week) to do the equivalent molecular testing. Such speed in testing will be crucial if the agencies responsible for testing chemicals for public health risk are to keep up with the flood of chemicals entering the market. Currently, there are more than 80 000 chemical compounds registered for use in the United States, according to the NTP, and 2000 new compounds are introduced each year. Over the past 30 years, however, the NTP has been able to thoroughly catalog the toxicity of only 2500 compounds using traditional testing methods.
Permanent preparations of granulocyte macrophage cultures in agar gel
Authors: B. Mendelow, D. Grobicki, M. De La Hunt, J. Katz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract A simple method for the permanent preservation of agar cultures is described. The technique involves fixation of agar cultures after incubation, drying, and subsequent remounting and staining on glass slides. The technique permits differential counting of colony type, approximate quantitation of cell numbers within individual colonies or clusters, and permanent preservation of cultures for purposes of interlaboratory standardization, and for routine reference in patient records.
Effect of provision of daily zinc and iron with several micronutrients on growth and morbidity among young children in Pakistan: a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Sajid Soofi, Simon Cousens, Saleem P Iqbal, Tauseef Akhund, Javed Khan, Imran Ahmed, Anita KM Zaidi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can occur in patients receiving clopidogrel and aspirin
Authors: Kathleen Selleng, Sixten Selleng, Ricarda Raschke, Carsten O. Schmidt, Geoffrey S. Rosenblood, Andreas Greinacher, Theodore E. Warkentin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors may play a role in potentiating platelet activation induced by IgG from patients with immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), as shown by previous studies using the ADP receptor antagonists AR-C66096 and ticlopidine. Consistent with these observations, we found that platelet activation by HIT sera is also significantly reduced in patients receiving clopidogrel, an ADP receptor antagonist prodrug now in wide clinical use. Despite these in vitro and ex vivo findings, we observed two patients develop acute HIT while receiving both clopidogrel and aspirin: both patients' sera tested strongly positive in a heparin-dependent washed platelet activation assay (100% serotonin release) and PF4/heparin-enzyme-immunoassay (2.594 and 2.190 absorbance units). Both patients also developed HIT-associated clinical sequelae (acute systemic reaction postintravenous heparin bolus; thrombotic stroke) in association with their episode of HIT. We conclude that combined therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel does not necessarily protect against clinical HIT, at least in patients with HIT antibodies that have strong platelet-activating characteristics. Am. J. Hematol. 78: 188–192, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nalmefene in alcohol misuse: junk evaluation by the European Medicines Agency
Authors: A. Braillon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

> “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess.” Ronald Coase.

Spence claims that nalmefene in alcohol misuse is bad medicine.1 In my opinion it is junk evaluation by the European Medicines Agency.

Firstly, the authorisation was granted on subgroup analysis of two randomised controlled studies of six months’ duration.2 This subgroup comprised only a quarter …
Aids to Cardiac Auscultation
Authors: ROTHMAN ABRAHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Despite the wide application of aids for cardiac auscultation, their diagnostic efficacy has not been comprehensively evaluated. The most commonly used auscultatory aids, including respiration (Carvallo's maneuver), Müller and Valsalva maneuvers, squatting, standing, handgrip, intrinsic cycle length changes, and amyl nitrite, are discussed. A review of the literature suggests that enthusiasm for these aids must be tempered because of limitations in sensitivity and specificity as well as weaknesses in the methods used in the validation studies.
A Case of Hysterical Hemianaesthesia
Authors: H. R. Crocker
Journal: BMJ (1879)

a tall, well-made intelligent girl, was brought by her mother to the East London Hospital for Women and Children, on October 23rd, I878, complaining that she frequently fainted, and had much pain in the right ovarian region.The mother said she had fainted four times on the i8th, twice on the 21st; she was generally drowsy, but not especially after the attacks, and did not know she had had an attack unless told of it.On the night previous, while sitting in a chair, she said, " Oh, mother, I feel so queer", and fell forwards quite insensible, and remained so five or six minutes, but was not drowsy after- wards.She menstruated regularly, but with a good deal of pain, and the catamenia for the last period had not quite ceased.The mother did not consider her hysterical, nor was her manner suggestive of that condition.On questioning the girl as to any difference of sensation, she denied anything of the kind; but when pricked on the back of the right hand with a needle, to her surprise, she did not feel it, and the needle could be passed deeply in without the smallest sign of pain, and, on withdrawal, no bleeding ensued.The slightest prick on the palmar surface made her draw away her hand immediately with an exclama- tion.Further investigation showed that the an-esthesia was limited to the right side in the following situations: the extensor surface of the arms, the outer part of the legs, and the right side of the face, except in the eyelid, ear, and forehead; in fact, over the area of distribution of the temporal branch of the fifth, some sensation was retained, but less than on the opposite side.There was marked hyper-esthesia over the right ovarian region.On the left side, sensation was quite normal; she could see and distinguish colours equally well with both eyes.Holding the finger in front of the face, and desiring her to fix her eyes upon it, and passing the other hand across the eyes, sent her to sleep with some dif-