tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply from Authors re: Simon P. Kim, R. Houston Thompson. Competing-Risks Analysis for Renal Cell Carcinoma: How Do We Accurately Communicate the Risks and Benefits of Treatment to Patients? Eur Urol 2011;60:1160–2
Authors: Maxine Sun, Firas Abdollah, Marco Bianchi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Effect of Chelation on Phosphorus Metabolism in Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: D. S. McCann, Ann Koen, Geraldine Zdybek, A. J. Boyle
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

MgNa 2 EDTA is shown to have an ameliorating effect of fat-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. The compound was shown to decrease not only the general extent of atheromatosis, but to influence phosphate metabolism in induced atherosclerosis. Some credence is lent to a previously outlined hypothesis suggesting that the parathyroids mediate this effect.
MENTAL DISORDER IN ONE OF A PAIR OF IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: G. E. HOBBS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

In this paper we have presented five cases of mental abnormality of various types in one identical twin. We have attempted to show that because of the identical heredity in monozygotic twins the study of cases of this type is of importance in showing the relative rôle played by inherited and environmental factors. In four cases we have been able to determine differences in environment which we feel are important in the etiology of their condition, knowing that by the continued mental health of the other twin we have ruled out the possibility that heredity in itself was the factor behind the illness. If we look upon studies of abnormality of one identical twin as a testing ground for our present day ideas on etiology, then our results are quite in keeping with these conceptions.
Dialysis and Transplantation: A Companion to Brenner &amp; Rector's <i>The Kidney</i>
Authors: William Amend
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 June 2000Dialysis and Transplantation: A Companion to Brenner & Rector's The KidneyWilliam Amend, MDWilliam Amend, MDUniversity of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California. (Amend)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Owen WF, Pereira BJG, Sayegh MH, eds. 682 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. $130.00. ISBN 0721676871. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Clinical nephrology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinical nephrologists.Purpose: To serve as a companion text to Brenner & Rector's The Kidney by providing more detailed discussions of therapy for end-stage renal failure.Content: The book covers a wide array of issues in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. For both treatments, separate chapters on pediatric patients are provided. Long-term management and problems are thoroughly reviewed, and critical care therapy for renal failure is discussed. Coverage of kidney transplantation management includes ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William Amend, MDAffiliations: University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California. (Amend) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 11 Page: 931 Keywords Critical care Drugs Immunology Medical dialysis Nephrology Peritoneal dialysis Renal failure Renal transplantation Software tools Transplantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.
Authors: P Gibson, O Rosella, R Nov, G Young
Journal: Gut (1995)

The hypothesis that the colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis was examined by comparing disease related responses in expression of markers of differentiation by colonic crypt cells to culture with and without butyrate. Cells were isolated from patients with normal colon (15), cancer (24), ulcerative colitis (19), or Crohn's disease (16). Alkaline phosphatase activities were measured in cell homogenates and the rate of glycoprotein synthesis assessed at the end of 24 hours of culture and expressed relative to the rate of protein synthesis as the G:P ratio. Alkaline phosphatase activities, but not G:P ratios, differed across the groups before and after 24 hour culture (p < 0.05), activities being lowest in the cancer group and highest in inflammatory bowel disease groups. Butyrate (1 mM) suppressed alkaline phosphatase activities in the cancer group by mean (SEM) of 17 (4) (p = 0.006) compared with no change in the other groups. Butyrate suppressed G:P ratios only in the cancer (6 (3)%, p = 0.03) and ulcerative colitis groups (5 (3)%, p = 0.04) and the changes in both were different (p < 0.05) from those in normal cells (increase of 10 (7)%). Changes in ulcerative colitis were different from those in Crohn's disease (p = 0.029). Responses were independent of the presence or absence of mucosal inflammation. These data confirm the diffuse nature of epithelial abnormalities in colorectal cancer. In ulcerative colitis, a different pattern of abnormality occurs, supporting the notion that the epithelium is also diffusely abnormal independent of mucosal inflammation.
Histological Reconstruction of a Von Meyenburg's Complex on the Liver Surface
Authors: W. Ohta, H. Ushio
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

We report here a case with four black nodules on a smooth liver surface. The cystically dilated part of the intralobular bile duct of the microhamartoma contained bile pigments. Neither liver cysts nor cystic kidney were found. Spicular processes from the dilated bile duct were attached directly to the liver cell cords, seemingly to receive the secreted bile juice from the bile canaliculi. A convoluted tubular bile duct communicated with an interlobular terminal bile duct in the neighbouring portal triad. Thus, the so-called microhamartoma had not developed separately in the liver acini but had arisen in connection with both the liver cell cords and the terminal bile duct as part of the still functioning bile duct.
Percutaneous coronary excimer laser-assisted ballon angioplasty: Intial multicenter experience
Authors: Timothy A. Sanborn, Ronnie A. Hershman, Robert M. Siegel, Richard A. Sehatz, Mark J.M. Sehnee, D.Richard Leachman, John A. Bittl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Decreased basal, noninsulin-stimulated glucose uptake and metabolism by skeletal soleus muscle isolated from obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice.
Authors: G S Cuendet, E G Loten, B Jeanrenaud, A E Renold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Insulin resistance of diaphragms of ob/ob mice has been repeatedly demonstrated previously both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, transport and metabolism of glucose with and without insulin stimulation were compared in a skeletal muscle more likely than diaphragm or heart to be representative of the overall striated muscle mass, i.e. isolated soleus muscle. Compared with soleus muscle from lean controls, unstimulated lactate release in the presence of exogenous glucose was depressed from 16.2 to 12.3 nmol/60 min per mg wet wt in soleus from ob/ob mutants; glycolysis was decreased from 6.6 to 3.7 and [14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2 from 0.90 to 0.33 nmol glucose/60 min per mg wet wt. Uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG), both with and without insulin, was very much less for soleus from ob/ob than from lean mice, at 2-DOG concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM, and in mice of 6-15 wk. When 2-DOG concentration was 1 mM, its basal uptake was 0.53 nmol/30 min per mg wet wt for soleus of ob/ob as against 0.96 for soleus of lean mice. The absolute increment due to 1 mU/ml insulin was 0.49 in muscle of ob/ob as against 1.21 in that of lean mice. When the resistance to insulin action was decreased by pretreatment in vivo by either streptozotocin injection or fasting, the decreased basal 2-DOG uptake of subsequently isolated soleus muscle was not improved. Inhibition of endogenous oxidation of fatty acids by 2-bromostearate, while greatly increasing 14CO2 production from [14C]glucose, did not affect basal [5-3H]glucose metabolism or 2-DOG uptake. It is suggested that transport and/or phosphorylation of glucose under basal, unstimulated conditions are depressed in soleus muscle of ob/ob mice, whether or not resistance to insulin and hyperinsulinemia are also present. Although the origin of the decreased basal glucose uptake remains unknown it might be related to a similar decrease in basal glucose uptake by ventromedial hypothalamic cells, an event presumably resulting in a tendency to hyperphagia. Decreased basal glucose uptake by soleus muscle of ob/ob mice might explain the hyperglycemia, and hence partly the hyperinsulinemia and excessive fat deposition of those animals.
The αvβ6 integrin is a highly specific immunohistochemical marker for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: E. Patsenker, L. Wilkens, V. Banz, C.H. Österreicher, R. Weimann, S. Eisele, A. Keogh, D. Stroka, A. Zimmermann, F. Stickel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Bush proposes Medicare reform in "state of the union" address
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

President Bush in his annual address on the state of the union last week made health care his second goal after tax cuts.

He said, “Instead of bureaucrats, and trial lawyers, and HMOs [health maintenance organisations], we must put doctors, and nurses, and patients back in charge of American medicine. Healthcare reform must begin with Medicare, because Medicare is the binding commitment of a caring society. We must renew that commitment by giving seniors access to the preventive medicine and new drugs that are transforming health care in …
ANGIOMATOSIS, WITH LESIONS OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE.
Authors: J. F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1898)

J. B., aged 80, came under observation about nine months ago. He is both physically and mentally infirm, the latter preventing me from obtaining any history concerning the duration of the lesions presently to be described. The patient sought medical aid on account of an "itching of the body." There is great relaxation of the muscular tissues of the body, as is evidenced by the existence of ventral and inguinal herniæ. The patient has also multiple lipomata of the forearms, a pedunculated fibroma on the left thigh and numerous small vascular nævi scattered over the trunk. The itching of which the patient complained, is the result of a discrete inflammatory papular eruption distributed extensively over the trunk and extremities. This eruption is indistinguishable from an ordinary papular eczema. Upon the inner aspects of the thighs, however, are papules of a deep red color which do not disappear upon pressure and
High abundance of plasma cells secreting transglutaminase 2–specific IgA autoantibodies with limited somatic hypermutation in celiac disease intestinal lesions
Authors: Roberto Di Niro, Luka Mesin, Nai-Ying Zheng, Jorunn Stamnaes, Michael Morrissey, Jane-Hwei Lee, Min Huang, Rasmus Iversen, M Fleur du Pré, Shuo-Wang Qiao, Knut E A Lundin, Patrick C Wilson, Ludvig M Sollid
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Talc and Asbestos Contaminant of Rice
Authors: R. R. Merliss
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sacks of rice intended for consumption by Japanese in the markets of the Los Angeles area bear a warning that talc is added, and that the rice should be rinsed carefully before cooking. This means that asbestos is a likely additive, since asbestos is a frequent contaminant of talc. The two minerals are produced by the same geologic processes and both occur in the same deposits. A recent publication by the World Health Organization warns of the possible hazards of this contamination when talc is ingested. Selikoff and his group have shown that asbestos exposure results in increased incidence of gastrointestinal tract cancer.<sup>1</sup>All this suggests that asbestos-contaminated talc may play a causative role in cancer of the stomach in Japanese. The incidence of this cancer in Japan is much higher than in other countries. Rice itself has been suspected for some time, since cancer of
John Moullin Davies
Authors: E. Davies, P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Purified proteins have been isolated from the sera and livers of mice. These proteins are antigenically identical but share antigenic determinants in common with human C-reactive protein and do not share antigenic determinants in common with mouse or human immunoglobulins. The proteins interact with C-polysaccharide, are precipitated by calcium ions, migrate electrophoretically with gamma mobilities, and have isoelectric points of 4.8 and 5.62. Since these properties are characteristic of C-reactive protein of man, monkey, rabbit and dog, the pure proteins isolated from mice are designated mouse C-reactive protein.
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PYLORIC STENOSIS IN INFANTS
Authors: H. T. Ashby, A. H. Southam
Journal: BMJ (1925)

PYLORIC STENOSIS IN INFANTS.(TEDI I s i Al, 403fixing, to ani abnormal degree, the lenigth of the muscles of the limb at all the intermiiediate positions tllrouglh w-hich the mlioving part passes.In this way the effects of dim-inished voluntary power are enhaniced in degree on accounit of excess of plastic tone, wlhich is no loniger ade- qutiately controlled by the cerebral cortex.In fact this defective conitr'ol is not infrequenitly the greater disability, anid oni account of it the volunitary motor patilway may be unable to function to the full extenit of whichl it is capable.This desideratum is attained by removing the plastic tone enitirIely, when the rigidity of the miiuscles disappears.The resuLlt is that the initiation and the execution of voluntary movement are both improved.Dr. Royle found tilat one patielnt, witlh a gunislhot wouind of the cerebral cortex, who illustrated tho presence of excess of plastic tone to a striking degree before the opera- tioln, was able to inhibit the tone of the extelnsor muscles of the kniee following ramisection.He was unable to flex tho kniee voluntarily, but he could inihibit the tonie of the mulscles sufficiently to let the leg fall inito the flexed position.This was impossible prior to thle operation.In other words, this patient was unable to inihibit plastic toine.After ramisection he was able to inhlibit the contractile component of tonio which alone remiiained.Tllis patient illustrates that the cerebral cortex normally inhlhibits both components of postural tone, and that injury may affect the control over the plastic componienit to a greater extent thani that of the contractile elemen-t.This accounts for tho marked improvenment in.control wh-Iicih follows sympathetic ramisection.
METEOROLOGY OF CHOLERA
Authors: J. A. Hingeston
Journal: BMJ (1854)

1GmAL, COMMUCATIQON.gh ad log should Hie on the injured side, with the t; beat on the abdomen, and the leg on the thigh.It is 4w important to note-a fact too often overlooked-that a called to his aid splints, which he tied loosely, it is true.bUt which he rendered much more efficient by having of such length as to include both the joint above and the one below the seat of fracture, very justly inveighing against splints which do not fulfil this condition.
Clonal regulatory T cells specific for a red blood cell autoantigen in human autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Frank J. Ward, Andrew M. Hall, Lindsay S. Cairns, Arabella S. Leggat, Stanislaw J. Urbaniak, Mark A. Vickers, Robert N. Barker
Journal: Blood (2007)

Regulatory T (Tr) cells have the potential to treat immune-mediated disease, but cloning such cells for study from patients with autoimmune disease has proven difficult. Here, we describe autoantigen-specific, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting Tr cell clones recovered ex vivo from a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and characterize their phenotype, origin, and regulatory function. These IL-10+ Tr cells recognized a peptide, 72H-86L, derived from the Rh red blood cell autoantigen and shared phenotypic characteristics with both natural and inducible Tr cells. The clones also expressed different Tr markers depending on activation state: high levels of CD25 and LAG-3 when expanding nonspecifically, but FoxP3 after activation by the autoantigen they recognize. Despite a discrete Tr phenotype, these cells stably expressed the T helper 1 (Th1) signature transcription factor T-bet, suggesting they derive from Th1 T cells. Finally, the contribution of CTLA-4 in activating these IL-10+ Tr cells was confirmed by analyzing responses to transgenic B7.1-like molecules that preferentially bind either CD28 or CTLA-4. Overall, these Tr cells have a functional phenotype different from those described in previous studies of human Tr populations, which have not taken account of antigen specificity, and understanding their properties will enable them to be exploited therapeutically in AIHA.
Scientific principles in design of drug dosage formulations.
Authors: S S Davis
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The discovery and development of a new drug can be a lengthy and expensive business (Fig. 1).The starting point is the active compound as synthesized by the medicinal chemist and screened by the pharmacologist.There then follows a series of complex tests and evaluations to produce a satisfactory formulation and sufficient data for presentation to regulatory authorities such as the Committee on the Safety of Drugs.Unfortunately, this aspect of drug research has been sadly neglected until recent years.Today, however, the formulation of new drugs is based on sound physical and chemical principles.To illustrate some of the concepts involved I will con- centrate on the oral route of administration and pay particular attention to the fate of tablets and capsules after administra- tion (Fig. 2).In formulation we can affect the absorption of the drug in two ways: (1) the rate at which the drug goes into solution (dissolution), or (2) the rate of absorption of the drug across biological membranes.Dissolution of Solid Dosage Forms Thirty years or so ago the drug industry was almost totally unaware of the question of biological (physiological) avail- ability.The formulator was satisfied with a simple chemical assay plus a few additional tests, as an adequate form of quality
Lung Cancer–Associated Myofibroblasts Reveal Distinctive Ultrastructure and Function
Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Siri T. Lehtonen, Raija T. Sormunen, Elisa Lappi-Blanco, C. Magnus Sköld, Riitta L. Kaarteenaho
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
<i>The Banjo Lesson</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of Rifampin for Treatment of Orthopedic Implant–Related Staphylococcal Infections &lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Werner Zimmerli
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.— Rifampin-containing regimens are able to cure staphylococcal implant-related infections based on in vitro and in vivo observations. However, this evidence has not been proven by a controlled clinical trial. Objective.— To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a rifampin combination in staphylococcal infections associated with stable orthopedic devices. Design.— A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted from 1992 through 1997. Setting.— Two infectious disease services in tertiary care centers in collaboration with 5 orthopedic surgeons in Switzerland. Patients.— A total of 33 patients with culture-proven staphylococcal infection associated with stable orthopedic implants and with a short duration of symptoms of infection (exclusion limit &lt;1 year; actual experience 0-21 days). Intervention.— Initial debridement and 2-week intravenous course of flucloxacillin or vancomycin with rifampin or placebo, followed by either ciprofloxacin-rifampin or ciprofloxacin-placebo long-term therapy. Main Outcome Measures.— Cure was defined as (1) lack of clinical signs and symptoms of infection, (2) C-reactive protein level less than 5 mg/L, and (3) absence of radiological signs of loosening or infection at the final follow-up visit at 24 months. Failure was defined as (1) persisting clinical and/or laboratory signs of infection or (2) persisting or new isolation of the initial microorganism. Results.— A total of 18 patients were allocated to ciprofloxacin-rifampin and 15 patients to the ciprofloxacin-placebo combination. Twenty-four patients fully completed the trial with a follow-up of 35 and 33 months. The cure rate was 12 (100%) of 12 in the ciprofloxacin-rifampin group compared with 7 (58%) of 12 in the ciprofloxacin-placebo group (P=.02). Nine of 33 patients dropped out due to adverse events (n=6), noncompliance (n=1), or protocol violation (n=2). Seven of the 9 patients who dropped out were subsequently treated with rifampin combinations, and 5 of them were cured without removal of the device. Conclusion.— Among patients with stable implants, short duration of infection, and initial debridement, patients able to tolerate long-term (3-6 months) therapy with rifampin-ciprofloxacin experienced cure of the infection without removal of the implant.
Course and prognosis of elbow complaints: a cohort study in general practice
Authors: S D M Bot
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To describe the course of new episodes of elbow complaints in general practice, and to identify predictors of short term and long term outcome in terms of pain intensity and functional disability.181 patients with elbow complaints filled in questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow up. Baseline scores of pain and disability, characteristics of the complaint, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, physical activity, general health, and comorbidity were investigated as possible predictors of outcome. Outcome measures were analysed separately using multiple regression analyses.13% of the patients reported recovery at the 3 month follow up and 34% at 12 months. Irrespective of outcome and length of follow up, a longer duration of the complaint before consulting the general practitioner, having musculoskeletal comorbidity, and using "retreating" as coping style increased the likelihood of an unfavourable outcome. Less social support was associated with an unfavourable outcome at 3 months, and having a history of elbow complaints and using "worrying" as coping style were associated with an unfavourable outcome at 12 months. The explained variance of the models ranged from 46% to 49%.Recovery of patients with elbow complaints in general practice was poor. Besides characteristic of the complaint, passive coping and less social support were related to a worse prognosis. The results of this study may help general practitioners to provide patients with more accurate information about their prognosis.