tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heparin Bleeding, Platelet Dysfunction, and Aspirin
Authors: David Heiden
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have made two observations relevant to the article "Predictors of Bleeding During Heparin Therapy," by Walker and Jick (1980;244:1209). First, commonly used therapeutic doses of heparin sodium may cause a substantial reversible platelet dysfunction as measured by the bleeding time. Heparin sodium was administered to a population of healthy young volunteers in an intravenous bolus dose of 100 units/kg. Before heparin, the template bleeding time<sup>1</sup>was 5.3±1.9 minutes (mean±1 SD); ten minutes after injection it was 9.8±5.6 minutes (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). In these experiments heparin's effect on the bleeding time varied considerably. In 20 of the 46 studies (43%), there was a negligible bleeding time change (one minute or less). In another 20 of 46 studies (43%), the bleeding time prolonged beyond a normal limit of nine minutes. In seven of this latter group (15% of the total), the incision was still bleeding at 20 minutes
Case of Acute Tetanus Successfully Treated by Antitetanin
Authors: J. Galletly
Journal: BMJ (1899)

XANTITETANIN IN TETANUS.[MTHE BTIIS 40I them, however, the deformity has continued to progress more especially in the direction of elevation of the trochanters, which are now about half an inch above N6laton's line, with the result that the left leg is in each case shorter than the one operated on.
Comparative incidence of pregnancy outcomes in treated obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: the NOH-APS observational study
Authors: Sylvie Bouvier, Éva Cochery-Nouvellon, Géraldine Lavigne-Lissalde, Érick Mercier, Tess Marchetti, Jean-Pierre Balducchi, Pierre Marès, Jean-Christophe Gris
Journal: Blood (2013)
DIRECT ABDOMINAL HERNIA OF TRAUMATIC ORIGIN.
Authors: CLARENCE D. SELBY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This case is interesting, perhaps more in its origin than in the lesion produced, though none the less instructive. <h3>Patient.</h3> —A man, aged 32, laborer, was employed with a wheelbarrow on a scaffolding six feet from the ground, when a misstep caused him to fall, the wheelbarrow following and the handle striking him in the right iliac region. <h3>Examination.</h3> —When first seen, a short time later, there was a soft hemispherical mass, 6 cm. in elevation and 8 cm. in diameter, in the region of the injury, with but slight abrasion and no discoloration of the overlying skin. Extreme pain prohibited manipulation, but as the diagnosis was apparent the man was sent to the hospital. There, when placed in a recumbent posture, the mass receded, and a hiatus could be felt in the supporting structures of the abdominal wall. In fact, the margin of the lacerated aponeurosis was plainly palpable.
Selectins revisited: the emerging role of platelets in inflammatory lung disease
Authors: Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Neutrophil infiltration into the lung is considered a crucial step in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, yet data on the underlying mechanisms have been ambiguous: although selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling is absent in lung capillaries, therapeutic strategies targeted at selectin-mediated cell-cell interactions yield partial protection. The study by Zarbock and coworkers in this issue of the JCI solves this apparent contradiction by identifying selectin-mediated platelet-neutrophil interaction as a critical step in the mutual activation of leukocytes and endothelial cells (see the related article beginning on page 3211). The emerging role of platelets may be of broad clinical relevance in lung inflammatory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis.
Cigarette Smoking and Duodenal-Ulcer Disease
Authors: Travis E. Solomon, Eugene D. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Smoking has been associated with many pathologic processes in and outside the respiratory system; but whether smoking causes a disease, whether smoking and the disease result from common causes, or whether smoking and the disease are present together in the same person by chance are undetermined alternatives for most of the associations observed. What is usually lacking is a defined pathophysiologic mechanism that links the habit and the disorder. A case in point is the relation of tobacco smoking to duodenal-ulcer disease. Recently, we have defined a mechanism that connects a common disease and a very common habit by something . . .
The Motley Phagocytes
Authors: Hubert Bloch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ONE designates as phagocytes cells endowed with the ability to ingest particulate matter such as bacteria, cellular debris and colloidal dyes. The ingested material may or may not be digested within the cell, and one distinguishes between fixed and free phagocytes, depending on whether they belong to organs of the reticuloendothelial system or are leukocytes or macrophages circulating in the blood or tissue spaces.A great variety of cells are capable of taking up particulate matter under special conditions of experimentation, but I am mainly concerned here with the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. The former have their . . .
THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM IONS ON THE INACTIVATION OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT AND ITS COMPONENTS BY PLASMIN
Authors: Irwin H. Lepow, Louis Pillemer, Oscar D. Ratnoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Ca(++) potentiates the inactivation of human complement by streptokinase-activated plasmin and chloroform-activated bovine plasmin. The optimum concentration of Ca(++) varies between 10(-2)M and 10(-3)M, decreasing with increasing concentrations of streptokinase. The susceptibility of the components of complement to inactivation by plasmin is different in the presence and absence of Ca(++). C'2 and C'4 are most readily inactivated by plasmin in the presence of Ca(++), while C'1 disappears first in the absence of Ca(++). A large part of this C'1 disappearance is due to spontaneous inactivation. Similarities are pointed out between the influence of Ca(++) on the inactivation of the components of complement by antigen-antibody systems and by plasmin.
Identification of a gene-pathway associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Angel Rubio, Elizabeth Guruceaga, Mercedes Vázquez-Chantada, Juan Sandoval, L. Alfonso Martínez-Cruz, Victor Segura, José L. Sevilla, Adam Podhorski, Fernando J. Corrales, Luis Torres, Manuel Rodríguez, Fabienne Aillet, Usue Ariz, Felix Martínez Arrieta, Juan Caballería, Antonio Martín-Duce, Shelly C. Lu, M. Luz Martínez-Chantar, José M. Mato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Human T cell leukaemia virus associated lymphoproliferative disease: report of two cases in Nigeria.
Authors: C K Williams, G O Alabi, T A Junaid, C Saxinger, R C Gallo, D W Blayney, W A Blattner, M F Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1984)

not require further analgesia.Nausea or vomiting was a presenting feature of pancreatitis in 11 patients treated with pethidine and 15 with buprenorphine.This settled after analgesia in six and seven patients respectively.Only one patient receiving buprenorphine developed vomiting after administration of the drug.Specific questioning did not elicit any other side effects.Comnparisont of median pain scores before and after injection of pethidine and buprenorphine Pethidine Buprenorphine (n = 15) (n = 17) Linear analogue scale (range 0-10): Before injection 9 1 8.4 After injection 3 6 2-5 Difference 5 9 5 4 Ordered category scale (range 0-3): Before injection 3-0 2 9 After injection 1.1 1-1 Difference 1.9 1-6 Duration of pain relief (h) 9 5 9 2 CommentThis study shows that pethidine and buprenorphine provide comparable analgesia in acute pancreatitis.Although pethidine has some cost advantage ovet buprenorphine, it is a controlled and potentially addictive opiate.Potential addiction to narcotics in young adults presenting with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, often secondary to alcohol abuse, is a cause for concern among clinicians treating this disease.Buprenorphine appears to have little potential for physical dependence; and may be preferred in such patients.Potential objec- tions to buprenorphine include its side effects of vomiting, dizziness, and respiratory depression, which are only partially reversed by naloxone.Respiratory depression was not seen in this study, but anxiety that it may occur may prevent the routine use of buprenorphine in acute pancreatitis, particularly in elderly patients with severe disease.
Book: Heart to Heart: The Twentieth Century Battle against Cardiac Disease---An Oral History
Authors: M. Dellborg
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Allan B Weisse Rutgers University Press, $35, pp 448 ISBN 0 8135 3157 8 http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> There have undoubtedly been some dramatic improvements in the treatment of cardiovascular disease during the past century. Heart to Heart is an attempt to shed further light on the thoughts and ideas behind this progress, expressed through interviews with many of the most important doctors in the field, such as André Cournand (cardiac catheterisation) and Albert Starr (first functioning mechanical valve). Collections of interviews such as this one are always open to criticism over … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
UDDER INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCI OF THE SCARLET FEVER TYPE
Authors: F. S. Jones, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The clinical and bacteriological findings in two cows the udders of which became infected under natural conditions with hemolytic streptococci of the scarlet fever type are discussed. One of the cows was found in a herd supplying raw milk to a small town where a milkborne outbreak of scarlet fever had occurred a short time before. When small numbers of the streptococcus obtained from this case were injected into the udder of a normal cow severe mastitis accompanied by a well marked general reaction resulted. Evidence leads to the conclusion that a severe attack of mastitis due to this organism in one quarter does not sufficiently immunize the other quarters to protect them completely since the streptococcus can be readily implanted in them. The secondary infections were much milder than the original process.
Hydrocephalus in the Adult
Authors: Patrick A. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Hydrocephalus in the adult may present symptoms of chronic headache, gait disturbance, dementia, or any combination of these symptoms. All known causes of hydrocephalus are represented in cases of adult onset and show the same clinical syndromes. Clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and electroencephalogram are not reliable means of differentiating hydrocephalus in adults from other conditions presenting similar symptoms. Pneumoencephalography shows a characteristic picture of generalized ventricular enlargement with air in the basilar cisterns which fails to pass over the cerebral convexities. Ventriculoatrial shunt usually completely reverses the neurological symptoms even when these have been present for many years. Four cases of hydrocephalus in adults are presented which illustrate various manifestations of hydrocephalus. Three patients showed remarkable improvement from long periods of neurological disability following ventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunt.
125 IL28B POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH JAUNDICE DURING ACUTE HCV INFECTION AND IS A STRONG PREDICTOR FOR SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE IN THE PROSPECTIVE GERMAN ANTI-D COHORT
Authors: H. Tillmann, A.J. Thompson, K. Patel, M. Wiese, H. Tenckhoff, H.D. Nischalke, U. Kullig, U. Goebel, E. Capka, J. Wiegand, I. Schiefke, U. Spengler, J. McCarthy, K. Shianna, D.B. Goldstein, J.G. McHutchison, J. Timm, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Platelets and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

It is generally held that impairment of coronary-artery blood flow is a major cause of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. These events may be precipitated through several mechanisms that affect the coronary vessels, such as atherosclerotic narrowing, vasospasm, rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with consequent hemorrhage or thrombosis, and increased sensitivity to autonomic or sympathomimetic stimuli. Platelet activation could be important in one or more of these mechanisms. The role of platelets in initiating arterial thrombosis is well established. Activated platelets also synthesize THROMBOXANE A2, which is a potent platelet aggregant and vasoconstrictor . . .
Spasmodic Torticollis Treated Effectively by Medical Means
Authors: Gordon J. Gilbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

SPASMODIC torticollis is an extremely unpleasant and severely disabling organic neurologic disease.1 2 3 4 5 6 The patient's head is involuntarily and often painfully rotated and twisted so that he desperately seeks relief. It has frequently been stated that medical treatment of spasmodic torticollis is almost totally ineffective.1 2 3 4 Within the past year each of two cases of spasmodic torticollis has responded to medical therapy. The first patient proved to have hyperthyroidism, and the treatment of the hyperthyroidism produced a dramatic amelioration of the torticollis. The second patient recovered completely when given amantadine.Case ReportsCase 1. A 61-year-old man was seen on July 2, . . .
NSABP B-30: definitive analysis of quality of life (QOL) and menstrual history (MH) outcomes from a randomized trial evaluating different schedules and combinations of adjuvant therapy containing doxorubicin, docetaxel and cyclophosphamide in women with operable, node-positive breast cancer.
Authors: PA Ganz, SR Land, CE Geyer, JP Costantino, ER Pajon, L Fehrenbacher, JN Atkins, JA Polikoff, VG Vogel, JK Erban, RB Livingston, EA Perez, EP Mamounas, N Wolmark, SM Swain
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #76 Background: QOL and MH outcomes were integrated into the NSABP B-30 trial as secondary outcomes to the efficacy analyses which are being presented separately. Explicit secondary aims of the NSABP B-30 study were 1) to compare toxicities among the regimens, 2) to compare QOL, and 3) to examine differences in amenorrhea and its relationship to symptoms, QOL, and efficacy. Here we examine the secondary aims of the study as a companion to the efficacy results that are presented separately.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: 5351 pts with cT1-3, N0-1, M0 were enrolled from 3/1/99 to 3/31/2004. 2170 were enrolled on the QOL study, and 2449 were enrolled on the MH study and were randomized to one of three treatment groups: Group 1 [doxorubicin (A) 60 mg/m2 and C 600 mg/m2 q 3 weeks (wks) x 4 followed by docetaxel (T) 100 mg/m2 q 3 wks x 4; Group 2 [A 50 mg/m2 and T 75 mg/m2 q 3 wks x 4]; Group 3 [A 50 mg/m2 T 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide (C) 500 mg/m2 q 3 wks x 4]. All patients with ER-positive tumors received hormonal therapy after completing chemotherapy. Preliminary results from Group 1 have been reported previously (Swain, et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008).&amp;#x2028; Results: The protocol specifies that 800 deaths are required for the definitive analysis of treatment, QOL, and MH outcomes, which are expected to occur by fall 2008. For this final report, results from a comparison of the three arms will be analyzed and presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 76.
C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion and Guam Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis–Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex
Authors: Beth A. Dombroski, Douglas R. Galasko, Ignacio F. Mata, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Ulla-Katrina Craig, Ralph M. Garruto, Kiyomitsu Oyanagi, Gerard D. Schellenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Importance: High-prevalence foci of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) exist in Japanese on the Kii Peninsula of Japan and in the Chamorros of Guam.Clinical and neuropathologic similarities suggest that the disease in these 2 populations may be related.Recent findings showed that some of the Kii Peninsula ALS cases had pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions, a genotype that causes ALS in Western populations.Objectives: To perform genotyping among Guam residents to determine if the C9orf72 expanded repeat allele contributes to ALS-PDC in this population and to evaluate LRRK2 for mutations in the same population.Design and Setting: Case-control series from neurodegenerative disease research programs on Guam that screened residents for ALS, PDC, and dementia.Participants: Study participants included 24 with ALS and 22 with PDC and 43 older control subjects with normal cognition ascertained between 1956 and 2006.All but one participant were Chamorro, the indigenous people of Guam.A single individual of white race/ethnicity with ALS was ascertained on Guam during the study.Main Outcomes and Measures: Participants were screened for C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat length.Participants with repeat numbers in great excess of 30 were considered to have pathogenic repeat expansions.LRRK2 was screened for point mutations by DNA sequencing. Results:We found a single individual with an expanded pathogenic hexanucleotide repeat.This individual of white race/ethnicity with ALS was living on Guam at the time of ascertainment but had been born in the United States.All Chamorro participants with ALS and PDC and control subjects had normal repeats, ranging from 2 to 17 copies.No pathogenic LRRK2 mutations were found.Conclusions and Relevance: Unlike participants with ALS from the Kii Peninsula, C9orf72 expansions do not cause ALS-PDC in Chamorros.Likewise, LRRK2 mutations do not cause Guam ALS-PDC.
Diabetes and Pruritus of the Scalp
Authors: MORTON SCRIBNER
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pruritus, either anogenital or generalized, has long been recognized as a clue to diabetes mellitus. In the past ten years, I have seen several patients whose primary complaint of pruritus confined to the scalp proved to be caused by unsuspected diabetes. Most of these persons had been treated with a variety of shampoos, ointments, lotions, and antihistamines, but without relief. Several had been told that their problem was an emotional one, and one woman was informed that she was having a "nervous breakdown of her scalp." The itching usually began in sporadic fashion but gradually became continuous and unrelenting; it was frequently severe enough to interfere with sleep. In each case, examination of the scalp showed excoriations but no unusual scaling or erythema to indicate psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, or other primary scalp disorder. Each patient experienced complete relief of the pruritus when control of the underlying diabetes
Functional and Structural Markers of Atherosclerosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
Authors: Jeroen P.H. van Wijk, Eelco J.P. de Koning, Manuel Castro Cabezas, Jorge Joven, Jos op’t Roodt, Ton J. Rabelink, Andy M. Hoepelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A Case of Platydeoxia?
Authors: Ian D Bookman, Eric T Dryver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: The Clinical Problem-Solving article by Hegland et al. (Dec. 1 issue)1 concerned a case of platypnea–orthodeoxia, in which a positionally dependent intracardiac right-to-left shunt led to arterial desaturation when the patient was in the upright position but not the supine. We report a case in which the converse occurred. An 81-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room by her neighbors, who found her lying on the floor of her apartment, markedly confused. On examination, the patient was cooperative but delirious. She was hemodynamically stable, her respiratory rate was 13 breaths per minute, and her initial oxygen . . .
Comparison of cyclic GMP in human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein: implications for coronary artery bypass graft patency
Authors: S Tadjkarimi, G S O'Neil, T N Luu, S P Allen, C J Schyns, A H Chester, M H Yacoub
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Comparison of cyclic GMP in human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein: implications for coronary artery bypass graft patency Get access S Tadjkarimi, S Tadjkarimi National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Correspondence to Professor Yacoub. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G S O'Neil, G S O'Neil National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T N Luu, T N Luu National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S P Allen, S P Allen National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C J Schyns, C J Schyns National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A H Chester, A H Chester National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M H Yacoub M H Yacoub National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 3, March 1992, Pages 297–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.3.297 Published: 01 March 1992 Article history Received: 16 July 1991 Accepted: 24 October 1991 Published: 01 March 1992
Early Diagnosis and Therapy in Cerebral Palsy: A Primer on Infant Developmental Problems
Authors: Vanja A. Holm
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book on cerebral palsy is coauthored by a pediatrician with experience in habilitation of children with handicapping conditions and a physical therapist, who is a certified neurodevelopmental therapist and instructor trained in Europe. The first chapter provides a brief historical perspective and discusses classification, etiology, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy. A variety of professionals seeking an up-to-date summary of these aspects of cerebral palsy will find it useful. The next chapter covers evaluation and diagnosis and provides a review of comprehensive medical assessment appropriate for physicians in training, regardless of specialty, encountering handicapped children. The third chapter covers general treatment approaches. This reader was disturbed by the inclusion of Doman-Delacto treatment patterning as one of the therapy methods without any mention of the denouncement of this treatment by most organizations involved with handicapped children, recently reiterated by the American Academy of Pediatrics.<sup>1</sup> Chapters 4 through 8, almost half