tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clustered randomised trial of an intervention to improve the management of asthma: Greenwich asthma study
Authors: U N Premaratne, J A C Sterne, G B Marks, J R Webb, H Azima, P G J Burney
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma resource centre in improving treatment and quality of life for asthmatic patients <b>Design:</b> Community based randomised controlled trial <b>Setting:</b> 41 general practices in Greenwich with a practice nurse <b>Subjects:</b> All registered patients aged 15-50 years <b>Intervention:</b> Nurse specialists in asthma who educated and supported practice nurses, who in turn educated patients in the management of asthma according to the British Thoracic Society9s guidelines <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Quality of life of asthmatic patients, attendance at accident and emergency departments, admissions to local hospitals, and steroid prescribing by general practitioners <b>Results:</b> Of 24&nbsp;400 patients randomly selected and surveyed in 1993,&nbsp;12&nbsp;238 replied; 1621&nbsp;were asthmatic of whom 1291&nbsp;were sent a repeat questionnaire in 1996&nbsp;and 780&nbsp;replied. Of 24&nbsp;400 patients newly surveyed in 1996,&nbsp;10&nbsp;783 (1616&nbsp;asthmatic) replied. No evidence was found for an improvement in asthma related quality of life among newly surveyed patients in intervention practices compared with control practices. Neither was there evidence of an improvement in other measures of the quality of asthma care. Weak evidence was found for an improvement in quality of life in intervention practices among asthmatics registered with study practices in 1993&nbsp;and followed up in 1996.&nbsp;Neither attendances at accident and emergency departments nor admissions for asthma showed any tendency to diverge in intervention and control practices over the study period. Steroid prescribing rates rose steadily during the study period. The average annual increase in steroid prescribing was 3% per year higher in intervention than control practices (95% confidence interval −1% to 6%, P=0.10) <b>Conclusions:</b> This model of service delivery is not effective in improving the outcome of asthma in the community. Further development is required if cost effective management of asthma is to be introduced
Comparison of reliability of plasma fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin assays for assessing glycemic control in diabetic patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Kiyohide Nunoi, Tomoyuki Kodama, Yuuichi Sato, Masanori Iwase, Hideyuki Yoshizumi, Hiroshi Kurimoto, Hirokazu Nishitani, Sadatoshi Nakamura, Masatoshi Fujishima
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Abstract 3125: Relative distribution of folate species is associated with global DNA methylation in human colorectal mucosa
Authors: Jia Liu, Luke B. Hesson, Alan P. Meagher, Michael J. Bourke, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Keith N. Rand, Peter L. Molloy, John E. Pimanda, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Folate, an important cellular methyl donor, exists as functionally diverse species within cells. Folate deficiency is thought to contribute to DNA hypomethylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) however findings on the relationship between total folate concentration and global DNA methylation have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine if global DNA methylation in blood and colorectal mucosa from healthy and CRC patients is related to folate species distribution. Blood and colorectal mucosa was collected from 112 CRC patients, 114 healthy individuals and 82 low folate individuals. Global methylation and folate was determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and repeat element methylation was determined using end-specific polymerase chain reaction. In colorectal mucosa mean global methylation was 8% lower compared to blood while LINE-1 and Alu elements were 3.3-fold and 1.9-fold hypomethylated respectively (P &amp;lt;0.0001). After adjusting for age and smoking, statistically significant but small (2.2%) differences in global but not repeat methylation were found in normal colorectal mucosa from CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. Low folate patients had 18% lower blood 5-methyltetrahydrofolate distribution (P &amp;lt;0.0001) and global (P =0.001) and LINE-1 demethylation (P &amp;lt;0.0001) compared to healthy individuals. The colorectal mucosa from cancer and healthy patients had an altered distribution of folate species (lower 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) similar to the folate distribution found in the blood of low folate individuals. On a background of tissue specific hypomethylation, global methylation of the normal mucosa of CRC patients is similar to healthy individuals. The level of global and repeat element hypomethylation may reflect the underlying distribution of folate species rather than total folate concentration. Future studies on the relationship between methylation and folate should consider folate species distribution, and how genetic or other factors may alter this balance in different tissue types and in neoplasia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3125. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3125
Mild head injury: Guideliners should be flexible
Authors: S. Wallace, R. Gullan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

different outcomes of our trial and Grethe St0a-Birketvedt's trial3 could be explained by a difference in weight loss before randomisation.The weight of all the patients in our trial, however, remained stable within a few kilograms during the month before the trial, and most patients were at their maximum weight.We did not show our data on the number of previous attempts at slimming.There was no difference, however, in the mean number of such attempts between the cimetidine and placebo groups.We agree that the different numbers of previous attempts in the cimetidine and the placebo groups in St0a-Birketvedt's trial cannot explain the remarkable weight loss reported.
Book: Transitions in End of Life Care: Hospice and Related Developments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Z. Zylicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

David Clark, Michael Wright Open University Press, £22.50, pp 299 ISBN 0 335 21286 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Twenty five years ago, while I was still a medical student at the University of Gdansk, Poland, I was involved in the preparations for a visit by Dame Cicely Saunders, the founder of modern palliative care. Dame Cicely also went to the universities of Warsaw and Krakow and her visits resulted in an explosion of interest in palliative care in Poland and later in the whole of eastern Europe. Since then, many British hospices have set up … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
A CASE of ACTINOMYCOSIS of the ORBIT, with a SUMMARY of SEVEN OTHER CASES of ACTINOMYCOSIS
Authors: W. B. Ransom
Journal: BMJ (1896)

ACTINOMYCOSIS OF ORBIT.[TM B NAI553 ever the cheek, redness and tenderness of the upper gums, bulging of the inner wall of the antrum into the nasal cavity, etc.B. Certain Signs.-Theonly pathognomonic sign is de- monstration of pus in the cavity itself.This is possible by three methods: (I) Probing the natural orifice of the sinus through the middle meatus, a proceeding which has not been very successful in my hands; (2) puncture through the alveolus of an extracted tooth; (3) puncture through the inferior meatus of the nose.Having had one's attention drawn to the probability of the presence of an empyema of the antrum by several of the probable signs above mentioned, especially the first three, further steps are necessary to clear up the case.If the symptoms are very distinct, particularly the presence of fcetid pus and Frinkel's symptom, combined with dulness on transillumination, and the existence of a decayed first molar ,on that side, it may be advisable, in order to avoid a second operative procedure, to make a puncture through the alveolus after extraction of the tooth, and aspirate, blow, or syringe through at once; but in other cases, certainty is best arrived at by exploratory puncture through the inferior meatus.This is a method which I have found very useful; it was
Adult Stem Cells and Cancer
Authors: M. Kassem, J.S. Burns
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

To the Editor: 

Rubio et al. ( [1][1]) reported in Cancer Research that adipose tissue–derived stem cells acquired a transformed phenotype after long-term culture in vitro . This article has been cited together with our article published in the same issue ( [2][2]) as evidence for the malignant
Successful Operation for Perforated Intestinal Ulceration in Typhoid Fever
Authors: F. T. Heuston
Journal: BMJ (1901)

POTOEk HOBSS OF MESENTERIC GLANDS.[Nov.-i6i ,i.a dorsal vertebra, sometimes on the right and sonietimes on the left of the spinal column.Repeated experiments with two tubes-one in the stomach (perforated) and one in the msoph4gus-as described above, showed that the fluid wholly escapedcfrom the tesophagus into the stomach, and this' was corro oratec by the ".coffee experiment."The capacity of the dilated aesophagus appeared to be about half a pint.No swallowing sound could be heard at the end of the sternum or in a corresponding position over the spinal column.The temperature was generally slightly elevated (990 to zoo F).
Intra-Arterial Dextran in Experimental Surgery
Authors: H. A. Fahdli
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> During reconstructive surgery on peripheral vasculature, when arteries are temporarily clamped off, the problem of adequate perfusion distal to the occlusion, occurs during the acutal occlusion, and subsequent to the surgery. Prevention of thrombosis and sludging are essential in vascular surgery, since sludging decreases the tissue perfusion and can be a contributing factor to the loss of some extremities in spite of seemingly successful surgery, especially in those patients with severe arteriosclerosis and with minimal collateral circulation. Dextran 40 acts to prevent sludging by improving capillary blood flow.<sup>1</sup>Improvement in flow is accomplished by increasing electronegativity of the red blood cell surface, thus increasing electrorepulsion of the erythrocytes, and by increasing the plasma volume, diluting the plasma proteins.<sup>2</sup>The present method of using dextran 40 in surgery is by infusion into the systemic circulation, usually through the vein of an upper extremity.<sup>3</sup>Heparin is
Major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted presentation of an internally synthesized antigen displays cell-type variability and segregates from the exogenous class II and endogenous class I presentation pathways.
Authors: G E Loss, C G Elias, P E Fields, R K Ribaudo, M McKisic, A J Sant
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Although reported examples of endogenous antigen (Ag) presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules have increased, the mechanisms governing this process remain poorly defined. In this communication, we describe an experimental system designed to examine the mechanisms governing class II presentation of internal Ag. Our target peptide is processed from a transmembrane protein constitutively expressed by a variety of nucleated cells (MHC class I, H-2Ld), is naturally displayed by MHC class II molecules in vivo, and is recognized by a class II-restricted, CD4+ T cell hybridoma. Our results indicate that presentation of the Ld target Ag is independent of its plasma membrane expression, may not involve endosomal proteolysis, and thus may be distinct from the classically defined class II presentation pathway. In addition, the observations that Ld presentation does not require a functional TAP-1 complex, is not blocked by invariant chain, and cannot utilize cytoplasmic forms of H-2Ld, suggest that a classical class I pathway is not involved in this presentation event. Finally, our data suggest that different cofactors participate in MHC class II presentation of exogenous and endogenous Ag, and that disparate Ag presenting cells, such as B, T, and pancreatic islet cells, may differentially express these two class II pathways of Ag presentation.
Effect of Aerosolized Uridine 5 ′ -Triphosphate on Mucociliary Clearance in Mild Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: WILLIAM D. BENNETT, KIRBY L. ZEMAN, CARLA FOY, CHRISTY L. SHAFFER, FRED L. JOHNSON, JEFF A. REGNIS, ARUNA SANNUTI, JANA JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Previous studies show that uridine 5 ′ -triphosphate (UTP), a P2Y2 receptor agonist, is effective at acutely enhancing mucociliary clearance in healthy, nonsmoking adults. UTP solution for inhalation is being developed by Inspire Pharmaceuticals under the compound number INS316. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study we tested the single-dose effect of UTP in chronic smokers with mild chronic bronchitis (n = 15) by measuring the clearance of 99mTc-Fe2O3 particles (4.0 μ m mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD]) after inhalation of nebulized placebo (0.9% saline) and two doses of UTP (20 and 100 mg in the nebulizer). On each study day, gamma camera scanning was performed over a 2-h period. After an initial deposition scan, subjects inhaled placebo or UTP during the first 20 min of scanning. Analysis of whole lung clearance showed that the retention-time curves for each day were biphasic and that the earliest break point in the average curves occurred at 50 min. Mean particle clearance rate (Clr in %/min) through 50 min for placebo treatment was Clr = 0.65 ± 0.27 whereas treatment with UTP showed Clr significantly increased to 0.95 ± 0.48 and 0.93 ± 0.44 for the 20-mg and 100-mg dose respectively, p < 0.005 for both as compared with placebo. These data show that mucociliary clearance associated with mild chronic bronchitis is acutely improved with minimal doses of aerosolized UTP, presumably because of its stimulation of ciliary beating and hydration of airway secretions.Keywords: uridine 5′-triphosphate; mucus clearance; safety
440 NKP46HIGH AND NKP46DIM EXPRESSION DEFINES PHENOTYPICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENT HUMAN NK CELL SUBSETS THAT ARE ALTERED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: C. Körner, B. Krämer, D. Schulte, C. Zwank, M. Eisenhardt, A. Glässner, H.D. Nischalke, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Provision of services for cleft lip and palate
Authors: W. C Shaw, H B. Devlin, A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In short, the rates of catheterisation and intubation influence the infection rate in a hospital but are not its only determinant.The rate of puerperal sepsis is related to the birth rate, but that did not stop Semelweiss from trying to eradicate puerperal sepsis.It is nihilistic and inaccurate to suggest that current rates represent an irreducible minimum.Infection control teams should prevent hospital acquired infection through education and promotion of good practices.If some categories of infection are seen as inevitable it will be hard to motivate staff to follow guidelines, standards will fall, and the infection rate will rise.We suggest that most hospital acquired infection is preventable and that infection control teams should continue to try to prevent it.
Evaluation of a new hepatitis B triple-antigen vaccine in inadequate responders to current vaccines
Authors: Jane N. Zuckerman, Arie J. Zuckerman, Ian Symington, Wei Du, Anthony Williams, Brian Dickson, Michael D. Young
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

In this double-blind, randomized, controlled study, healthcare professionals with a history of inadequate response to currently available single-antigen hepatitis B vaccines confirmed by measuring hepatitis B surface antibody titer before entry to the study were revaccinated with a 20-microg dose either of a novel triple-antigen (S, pre-S1, and pre-S2) recombinant vaccine or of a present single-antigen (S only) vaccine. Hepatitis B surface antibody titers were measured 8 weeks' post revaccination. A total of 925 individuals were randomized and vaccinated, of whom 915 (98.9%) completed the study and were included in the efficacy analysis. A single dose of the new triple-antigen hepatitis B vaccine (Hepacare) produced a successful response in over three quarters of these subjects who had not mounted an adequate response to current vaccines. The antibody response was statistically significantly superior (P =.002) to that after a single dose of current vaccines. An evaluation of the overall response showed that only the triple-antigen vaccine was able to raise the average antibody response (geometric mean titer [GMT]) to over 100 IU/L. The superior effect of the new vaccine was most pronounced in subjects who were previously complete nonresponders to currently available hepatitis B vaccines. Both vaccines were well tolerated and had similar safety profiles. This study demonstrated that in healthcare workers who had responded inadequately to at least a full course of immunization (median, 5 doses), a single 20-microg dose of a new triple-antigen vaccine induced protective antibody level in more vaccinees (P =.002) and increased the average antibody titer (GMT) in those protected successfully to a greater degree (P <.001) than a further attempt with a current vaccine (Engerix-B).
Close coordination between recognition and action: Really two separate streams?
Authors: Markus Graf
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Somewhat in contrast to their proposal of two separate somatosensory streams, Dijkerman &amp; de Haan (D&amp;dH) propose that tactile recognition involves active manual exploration, and therefore involves parietal cortex. I argue that interactions from perception for action to object recognition can be found also in vision. Furthermore, there is evidence that perception for action and perception for recognition rely on similar processing principles.
Isolation of multiple normal and functionally defective forms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase from inbred Gunn rats.
Authors: N Roy Chowdhury, F Gross, A D Moscioni, M Kram, I M Arias, J Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Gunn rats are a mutant strain of Wistar rats that have unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to absence of hepatic uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT; EC. 2.4.1.17) activity toward bilirubin. We isolated five UDPGT isoforms from solubilized microsomal fractions from liver of inbred Wistar (RHA) rats and congeneic Gunn rats. UDPGT isoform V (elution pH 7.5) from Wistar (RHA) rats is active toward bilirubin and 4'-hydroxydimethylaminoazobenzene. The corresponding isoform from Gunn rat liver was enzymically inactive but exhibited normal elution pH and mobility on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr 53,000), and was recognized by a UDPGT-specific antiserum. UDPGT isoform I (elution pH 8.7) from Wistar (RHA) and Gunn rats was active toward 4-nitrophenol. The isoform from Gunn rat liver had only 10% of normal UDPGT activity, however UDPGT activity increased to normal upon addition of 15 mM diethylnitrosamine in vitro. Isoforms II (elution pH 8.4), III (elution pH 8.0), and IV (elution pH 7.8) from Gunn rats had normal UDPGT activities, except that Isoform IV was inactive toward bilirubin.
Epidemiological and experimental studies on the effects of methyl isocyanate on the course of pregnancy.
Authors: D R Varma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Although press reports indicate that the leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) on December 3, 1984, in Bhopal has led to an increase in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, infant mortality, and fetal abnormalities, no clinical or experimental studies on the reproductive toxicity of MIC were reported in scientific journals for several months after the accident. We therefore conducted, 9 months after the accident, a preliminary survey of 3270 families in Bhopal and experimental studies on the effects of MIC in pregnant mice. It was found that 43% of pregnancies in women residing near the Union Carbide pesticide plant did not result in the birth of a live child. Likewise, exposure of mice to relatively low concentrations of MIC (9 and 15 ppm) for 3 hr caused complete resorption in more than 75% of animals. A decrease in fetal and placental weights was observed at 2 to 15 ppm MIC. In general, the experimental findings in mice corroborate the epidemiological data from Bhopal. The mechanism of the fetal toxicity of MIC remains to be established.
The European dimension for the mouse genome mutagenesis program
Authors: Johan Auwerx, Phil Avner, Richard Baldock, Andrea Ballabio, Rudi Balling, Mariano Barbacid, Anton Berns, Allan Bradley, Steve Brown, Peter Carmeliet, Pierre Chambon, Roger Cox, Duncan Davidson, Kay Davies, Denis Duboule, Jiri Forejt, Francesca Granucci, Nick Hastie, Martin Hrabé de Angelis, Ian Jackson, Dimitris Kioussis, George Kollias, Mark Lathrop, Urban Lendahl, Marcos Malumbres, Harald von Melchner, Werner Müller, Juha Partanen, Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli, Peter Rigby, Barry Rosen, Nadia Rosenthal, Bill Skarnes, A Francis Stewart, Janet Thornton, Glauco Tocchini-Valentini, Erwin Wagner, Walter Wahli, Wolfgang Wurst
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)

The European Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium is the European initiative contributing to the international effort on functional annotation of the mouse genome. Its objectives are to establish and integrate mutagenesis platforms, gene expression resources, phenotyping units, storage and distribution centers and bioinformatics resources. The combined efforts will accelerate our understanding of gene function and of human health and disease.