tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide and β-Adrenergic Stimulation Are Major Regulators of Preprandial and Postprandial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow in Humans
Authors: Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Barbara A. Fielding, Jenny M. Currie, Keith N. Frayn, Fredrik Karpe
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Blood flow mediates the metabolic and endocrine roles of adipose tissue. We have previously shown that the postprandial adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) increase is dependent on insulin sensitivity. However, subcutaneous local insulin delivery had no demonstrable effect on either preprandial or postprandial ATBF. We hypothesized that insulin may act indirectly via sympathetic activation, mainly in the postprandial period, and that nitric oxide may be an overall major regulator of subcutaneous ATBF.We investigated the endogenous preprandial and postprandial regulation of ATBF by applying local tissue blockade of beta-adrenergic (propranolol), alpha-adrenergic (phentolamine and yohimbine), and nitric oxide (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, L-NMMA) regulation of blood flow. Healthy subjects (body mass index, 18 to 31 kg/m2) were challenged with 75 g glucose for endogenous stimulation of ATBF. We used the novel "microinfusion" technique, which allows for simultaneous local delivery of pharmacological agents (or contralateral saline) and measurement of ATBF with the 133Xe washout method. Compared with control, the preprandial ATBF was not affected by propranolol but was increased by 21% (P<0.013) and 15% (P=0.004) with phentolamine and yohimbine, respectively. A decrease of 42% (2.97+/-0.33 versus 4.75+/-0.47 mL x min(-1) x 100 g tissue(-1), P<0.01) was seen with L-NMMA. The postprandial response was blunted by 58% (0.81+/-0.42 versus 1.90+/-0.44 mL x min(-1) x 100 g tissue(-1), P<0.004) with propranolol, but neither phentolamine, yohimbine, or L-NMMA altered this response.Nitric oxide seems to determine the absolute level of ATBF, whereas a major proportion of the postprandial enhancement of ATBF is under beta-adrenergic regulation in vivo in humans.
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA IN ACUTE FEBRILE CONDITIONS
Authors: T. O. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1933)

2 p.m.-There is now an interest in food, and the animal is eating well.2.35 p.m.-The condition is now almost normal again, and the animal is washing itself.lt is still more active than the controls.(b) Large Doses.-Tenmg. were injected subcutaneously into a 16-gram mouse.Death took place in fifty minutes in a manner similar to that already described for dilaudid.Eukodol (a) Small Doses.-Asubcutaneous injection of 0.25 mg. was given to a 16-gram mouse. 10.40 a.m.-Drug injected. 10.55 a.m.-Respiration slower and deeper.There is a markedly increased activity.The inouse walks or runs conitinuously around the cage with its ears anid tail stiff and erect. 11.10 a.m.-The condition has not changed beyond a pro- nounced increase in the reflexes. 11.40 a.m.-Food placed in the cage.The mouse immediately investigated it and ate a fair amount.Ainalgesia is present, as measured by nipping the tail.12.10 p.m. -CoIdition as before. 12.45 p.m.-Condition appears normal again.The effects produced by a subcutaneous injection of 5 mg.eukodol are almost entirely of a depressant character-apathy, stupor, and analgesia.The acute reflexes are heightened, but firm pressure, such as nipping the tail, which would be very painful in normal animals, elicits no response.There is a peculiar clumsiness and lack of co-ordination in the voluntary movements.The animal stands only with difficulty, walks unsteadily, and often drags its hind limbs in a manner not unlike tLle " hyenoid walk " described for morphine by Claude Bernard.The respiration is markedly slowed, and the tail erected.Complete recovery takes place later without any untoward symptoms.The effects produced in the mouse by dilaudid and dicodid are almost identical.
Neuronal regulation of the development of the alpha-adrenergic chronotropic response in the rat heart.
Authors: E D Drugge, M R Rosen, R B Robinson
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

During development, there are changes in the response of automatic cardiac fibers to alpha-adrenergic agonists. In neonatal rat ventricle, in vitro phenylephrine (1 X 10(-8) M) induces an increase in automatic rate from 115 +/- 12 (mean +/- SEM) to 168 +/- 10 beats/min, P less than 0.05. In contrast, in adult rat ventricle, the rate decreases from 36 +/- 8 to 12 +/- 12 beats/min, P less than 0.05. At both ages, the response is attenuated by the alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin (1 X 10(-6) M). We used cultures of neonatal rat myocytes to determine whether maturation of innervation contributes to the ontogeny of this response. All non-innervated cultures showed a positive chronotropic response to alpha-stimulation; phenylephrine (1 X 10(-8) M) increased the rate from 40 +/- 2 to 52 +/- 2 beats/min, P less than 0.05. In contrast, 60% of the myocytes innervated with sympathetic neurons showed a decrease in rate in response to phenylephrine, from 78 +/- 6 to 67 +/- 6 beats/min, P less than 0.05. The negative chronotropic effect of phenylephrine did not result from the release of acetylcholine or adenosine, or the inhibition of presynaptic norepinephrine release by phenylephrine. Furthermore, exposure to neuronal norepinephrine is not responsible for the alteration in muscle cell responsiveness. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the modulation of the myocardial response to alpha-adrenergic stimulation by the occurrence of innervation in tissue culture. This provides an explanation for the previously identified ontogenetic change in alpha-adrenergic effects on intact cardiac fibers from excitation to inhibition.
Letter: Postoperative myocardial infarction.
Authors: E Vormittag
Journal: Circulation (1975)

significant apical displacement which could not be ap- preciated, let alone quantitated, by any method which superimposes transapical axes.Further, if the ven- tricular silhouettes in two frames are bisected into equal halves and oriented with the same long axis, does this not ensure a symmetric contraction pattern for the normal ventricle?These points aside, we compliment the authors on an original approach to an important (but difficult) question.
Common and distinct intracellular signaling pathways in human neutrophils utilized by platelet activating factor and FMLP.
Authors: J A Nick, N J Avdi, S K Young, C Knall, P Gerwins, G L Johnson, G S Worthen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Stimulation of human neutrophils with chemoattractants FMLP or platelet activating factor (PAF) results in different but overlapping functional responses. We questioned whether these differences might reflect patterns of intracellular signal transduction. Stimulation with either PAF or FMLP resulted in equivalent phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk) homologue 38-kD murine MAP kinase homologous to HOG-1 (p38) MAPk. Neither FMLP nor PAF activated c-jun NH2-terminal MAPk (JNKs). Under identical conditions, FMLP but not PAF, resulted in significant p42/44 (ERK) MAPk activation. Both FMLP and PAF activated MAP kinase kinase-3 (MKK3), a known activator of p38 MAPk. Both MAP ERK kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1) and Raf are activated strongly by FMLP, but minimally by PAF. Pertussis toxin blocked FMLP-induced activation of the p42/44 (ERK) MAPk cascade, but not that of p38 MAPk. A specific p38 MAPk inhibitor (SK&F 86002) blocked superoxide anion production in response to FMLP and reduced adhesion and chemotaxis in response to PAF or FMLP. These results demonstrate distinct patterns of intracellular signaling for two chemoattractants and suggest that selective activation of intracellular signaling cascades may underlie different patterns of functional responses.
Portable Medical Record Systems
Authors: Harold R. Brodman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  During our tour of duty for Care-Medico in Afghanistan in 1972, we were initially shocked that patients retained their own medical records and roentgenograms. Later we were charmed by the idea. It came to seem appropriate in this poor country of self-reliant people that responsibility for their medical records was each person's concern. Had we, as physicians in the United States, in a paternalistic and sometimes patronizing attitude to our patients, assumed too much responsibility? Were we in part helping to generate a dependent rather than self-reliant population? The concept of A Portable Medical Record System for the Elderly (242:57, 1979) could be expanded to the Afghanistani model.  People do hold their driver's license, social security cards, and duplicate tax forms; why not their medical records? What a saving in space and cost to be rid of the hospital record rooms and their army of clerks. What
Sensitivity to tomato and peanut allergens in children monosensitized to grass pollen
Authors: M. De Martino, E. Novembre, G. Cozza, A. De Marco, P. Bonazza, A. Vierucci
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Possible associations between allergy to grass pollen and positive skin tests to food allergens were studied in 102 children monosensitized (as to inhalant allergens) to grass pollen, and in 117 children monosensitized (as to inhalant allergens) to Dermatophagoides . Thirty‐two foods were tested by an epicutaneous method. Positive skin tests to food allergens were more frequent in children with allergy to grass pollen (59.8%) than in children with allergy to Dermatophagoides (9.4%). A considerably high frequency of positive reactions to tomato (39.2%), peanut (22,5%), green pea (13.7%), and wheat (11.7%) was observed in children with allergy to grass pollen. Positive skin tests to peanut closely correlated with positive RAST results and nasal provocation tests, whereas in children with skin test positivity to tomato a close correlation with nasal provocation tests but a 45 % correlation with a positive RAST result were observed. RAST inhibition experiments were carried out, and the results may suggest the presence of cross‐reacting IgE to grass pollen, tomato, and peanut antigens. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the light of histories of food hypersensitivity, urticaria‐angioedema, and atopic dermatitis in children with allergy to grass pollen.
Intraventricular Photon Deficiency in Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging due to Left Ventricular Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, VICKIE STIPP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Cardiac metastasis can occur with any widely disseminated malignancy, especially from carcinoma of the kidney, stomach, lung, breast, or from melanocarcinoma. Metastasis to the myocardium can protrude from the endocardium into the intraventricular cavity of the left ventricle. We present a case of renal cell carcinoma and left ventricle cavitary metastases, documented by an echocardiogram demonstrated in a cardiac blood pool study as a photon-deficient area in the left ventricle cavity.
969 CYCLIN E1 CONTROLS THE CELL CYCLE ACTIVITY OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS AND TRIGGERS FIBROGENESIS IN MICE
Authors: Y.A. Nevzorova, J.M. Bangen, N. Gassler, U. Haas, R. Weiskirchen, F. Tacke, P. Sicinski, C. Trautwein, C. Liedtke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Tolerated scrounging in nonhuman primates
Authors: Gillian R. Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Gurven suggests that the tolerated scrounging model has limited relevance for explaining patterns of food transfers in human populations. However, this conclusion is based on a restricted interpretation of the tolerated scrounging model proposed originally by Blurton Jones (1987). Examples of food transfers in nonhuman primates illustrate that the assumptions of Gurven's tolerated scrounging model are open to question.
AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer into skeletal muscle stimulates angiogenesis and improves blood flow in a rat hindlimb ischemia model
Authors: M Shimpo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: Clinical trials on therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are ongoing, however the benefits of these therapies are still controversial. To establish a more efficient gene transfer method for ischemic diseases, we investigated the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated VEGF gene transfer. Methods: We produced VEGF165-expressing AAV vectors (AAV-VEGF). HEK-293 cells were transduced with AAV-VEGF in vitro and VEGF expression and secretion were examined. We used a rat ischemic hindlimb model and AAV-VEGF was administered intramuscularly into the ischemic limb. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. Six weeks after gene transfer, we measured the blood flow of limb vessels and the skin temperature of limbs. Histochemical examination was performed to illustrate capillary growth. Results: Western blotting and ELISA revealed VEGF protein expression and secretion from AAV-VEGF-transduced HEK-293 cells. VEGF mRNA and protein expression was consistently observed in the injected muscle at least 10 weeks after the injection, while no VEGF mRNA could be detected at remote organs. The mean blood flow in AAV-VEGF-transduced ischemic limbs was significantly higher than in AAV-LacZ-transduced limbs. Capillary density was significantly higher in AAV-VEGF-injected tissues than in AAV-LacZ-injected tissues. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that (1) AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer into rat skeletal muscles is efficient and stable without ectopic expression, and (2) AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer stimulates angiogenesis and thereby improves blood flow in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. These findings suggest that AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer may be useful for treatment of ischemic diseases.
Patients Without Physicians: The New Risk of AIDS
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

It has often been remarked that "professionals" are those whose vocational objectives are to remove their own reason for existence. The dentist tries to eliminate dental caries; the physician attempts to wipe out disease. A profession can be distinguished by its altruistic goals: the educating of the young, the protection of the innocent, the healing of the sick, or the comforting of the soul. In fact, a "professional," unlike a person who chooses another career, is one who "professes," who takes an oath, a sacred vow...<i>I swear by Apollo the physician</i>. And there exists an indelible element of self-sacrifice surrounding anyone who aspires to one of the learned professions. It can be argued that students of medicine are not only well aware of the arduous hours ahead of them, but that this heroic life-style may be one of medicine's attractions. In particular, physicians understand that theirs is a profession
Nephritis and Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis-Reply
Authors: JOHN W. LACHER
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We have read Dr Stone's article with interest. These cases suggest that in addition to rifampin, either isoniazid or ethambutol or both may be nephrotoxic. Resolution of our patients' azotemia with discontinuation of rifampin does, nonetheless, suggest that rifampin was the cause of the illness. The regimen of isoniazid and ethambutol was continued. The patient was not rechallenged with rifampin.  It should be noted that the third patient reported by Stone et al probably had tubular glycosuria during the height of the illness. This was also seen in the patient we reported and in another patient seen in Denver who probably had a drug-induced interstitial nephritis associated with the use of rifampin and ethambutol. This latter patient did not have a biopsy but had moderate recovery of renal function after seven dialyses and discontinuation of drugs. Perhaps the tubular glycosuria may become a useful clinical tool to recognize
THE USE OF SURFACE ANESTHESIA IN THE TREATMENT OF PAINFUL MOTION
Authors: R. L. Gorrell
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  Kraus's article  Use of Surface Anesthesia in the Treatment of Painful Motion (The Journal, June 7, p. 2582) presents another aspect in the treatment of pain in the soft tissues.  It is unfortunate that he has not read widely on the use of injections of procaine hydrochloride; American and English workers have gone far beyond Leriche's original work. A patient with a sprained ankle can be quickly relieved by having 10 to 20 cc. of a 1 per cent solution of procaine hydrochloride injected into the torn ligaments and returned to work or sport.  The injection treatment does have the disadvantage of a needle prick; it has all the advantages of specificity. It directly relieves the painful point which causes the pain (see Sir Thomas Lewis and Kellgren's work on skin, fascia and muscle pain). Anesthetization of the skin alone is not adequate as I have
Abrupt Shift of the Pattern of Diurnal Variation in Stroke Onset With Daylight Saving Time Transitions
Authors: Christian Foerch, Horst-Werner Korf, Helmuth Steinmetz, Matthias Sitzer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Stroke onset shows a pattern of diurnal variation, with a peak in morning hours. Rhythmic changes in blood pressure, hormones, and other parameters have been suggested as underlying mechanisms, but exogenous factors such as increasing physical activity after awakening may also be of relevance. To characterize the impact of external clock changes on the rhythmic variation in stroke onset, this parameter was recorded in patients during transition periods into and out of Daylight Saving Time (DST). Methods and Results— The present study was based on a prospective stroke registry in Germany that contains time points of stroke onset from 44 251 patients admitted between 2000 and 2005. To achieve a uniform timeline, time points of stroke onset were set back from Central European Summer Time (CEST) to Central European Time (CET) for patients admitted during DST periods. Compared with the last week before the clock change, transition to or from DST resulted in an immediate shift of stroke onset time points within the first week after the clock change in reference to the uniform timeline (transition from CET to CEST −60 minutes for the time points in both the 25th and 50th percentiles of the diurnal pattern, P &lt;0.001; transition from CEST to CET +60 minutes for the time points in both the 25th and 50th percentiles, P &lt;0.001; patients pooled on a weekly basis). A significant shift was already present the first and second day after the transitions (ie, Monday and Tuesday). Conclusions— Transition to or from DST is coupled with an immediate shift in the time pattern of stroke onset. This strengthens the idea that exogenous factors associated with awakening are important determinants of the pattern of diurnal variation of stroke onset, because entrainment of the human circadian clock within hours is unlikely.
Prevalence of hibernating myocardium and reversible silent myocardial ischemia in patients with heart failure due to coronary artery disease: baseline data from the CHRISTMAS study
Authors: John G. Cleland, D.J. Pennell, J. Webster, S.G. Ray, A. Bhattacharya, A.J. Coats, A. Lahiri, P.W. Mactarlane, J.Dalle Mule, Z. Vered, G. Murray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
An increase in the serum amylase level in patients after peroral double-balloon enteroscopy: an association with the development of pancreatitis
Authors: K. Honda, S. Itaba, T. Mizutani, Y. Sumida, K. Kanayama, N. Higuchi, S. Yoshinaga, H. Akiho, K. Kawabe, Y. Arita, T. Ito, K. Nakamura, R. Takayanagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a novel technique that allows the enteroscope to be inserted deep into the small intestine. The procedure has been thought to be safe, but cases of acute pancreatitis after peroral DBE have recently been observed. The aim of this study was to confirm the occurrence of hyperamylasemia after peroral DBE.Peroral DBE was carried out in 13 patients from July 2005 to February 2006. Blood samples were taken before and 3 h after the procedure, and serum pancreatic amylase levels were measured. The patients were also evaluated for pancreatic-type abdominal pain after the procedure. Hyperamylasemia after peroral DBE was defined as an elevation of the serum pancreatic amylase level to more than the upper normal limit and twice the level before the procedure. Pancreatitis was diagnosed on the basis of both pancreatic-type abdominal pain and hyperamylasemia.Hyperamylasemia after peroral DBE occurred in six patients (46.2 %). One of the six patients with hyperamylasemia had pancreatic-type abdominal pain after the procedure and developed acute pancreatitis. The average procedure time was 105 min (range 65 - 155 min) in the patients with hyperamylasemia, and did not significantly differ from that in the group without hyperamylasemia (99 min).Hyperamylasemia after peroral DBE occurs frequently and may be associated with development of pancreatitis.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Gemcitabine-Containing Regimens in Patients with Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Frank C. Detterbeck, Mark A. Socinski, Richard J. Gralla, Martin J. Edelman, Thierry M. Jahan, David M. Loesch, Steven A. Limentani, Ramaswamy Govindan, M.B. Zaman, Zhishen Ye, Matthew J. Monberg, Coleman K. Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins as Secretable TAT Fusion Products
Authors: Marcella Flinterman, Farzin Farzaneh, Nagy Habib, Farooq Malik, Joop Gäken, Mahvash Tavassoli
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

The trans-acting activator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain (PTD) mediates the transduction of peptides and proteins into target cells. The TAT-PTD has an important potential as a tool for the delivery of therapeutic agents. The production of TAT fusion proteins in bacteria, however, is problematic because of protein insolubility and the absence of eukaryotic post-translational modification. An attractive alternative, both for in vitro protein production and for in vivo applications, is the use of higher eukaryotic cells for secretion of TAT fusion proteins. However, the ubiquitous expression of furin endoprotease (PACE or SPC1) in the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum, and the presence of furin recognition sequences within TAT-PTD, results in the cleavage and loss of the TAT-PTD domain during its secretory transition through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. In this study, we show the development of a synthetic TATkappa-PTD in which mutation of the furin recognition sequences, but retention of protein transduction activity, allows secretion of recombinant proteins, followed by successful uptake of the modified protein, by the target cells. This system was used to successfully secrete marker protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and apoptin, a protein with tumor-specific cytotoxicity. Detection of GFP, phosphorylation, and induction of cell death by TATkappa-GFP-apoptin indicated that the secreted proteins were functional in target cells. This novel strategy therefore has important potential for the efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins.