tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m DMSA Renal Scintigraphy During Kidney Maturation
Authors: MARIKA BAJC, LENA WALLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A total of 282 renal scintigrams with Tc-99m DMSA in 238 children ranging in age from 10 days to 13 years performed during a 3-year period were reviewed. The authors present 94 kidneys in 85 children in whom no sign of pathology was demonstrated clinically, either by ultrasound or intravenous urography, or by micturating urethrocystography. By exploring homogeneity or heterogeneity of tracer distribution, kidney length, and background level, the authors were able to identify a "normal" pattern of tracer distribution according to age. They found that the average kidney length was 56 mm at birth, growing 1 mm per month during the first year of life, and 4 mm per year thereafter, until puberty. Average background activity was 14% of the average kidney activity at birth which decreased to approximately 6% during the first year of life, with no further decrease thereafter.
Antibiotic-mediated release of tumour necrosis factor alpha and norharman in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia and septic encephalopathy
Authors: Verena Eggers, Katja F�gener, OrtrudVargas Hein, Hans Rommelspacher, MelvynP. Heyes, WolfgangJ. Kox, ClaudiaD. Spies
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Evaluation of Different Ventricular Pacing Sites in Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Jean-Jacques Blanc, Yves Etienne, Martine Gilard, Jacques Mansourati, Stéphane Munier, Jacques Boschat, David G. Benditt, Keith G. Lurie
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Multisite ventricular pacing has recently been proposed as an additional treatment for patients with severe congestive heart failure. To further assess the potential value of this technique, we compared the acute hemodynamic changes associated with pacing the right ventricular apex (RVA) or outflow tract (RVOT) alone, the left ventricle (LV) alone, or biventricular (BIV) pacing of the RVA and LV together.Acute hemodynamic findings were measured in 27 patients with severe heart failure despite optimal therapy and either first-degree AV block and/or an intraventricular conduction defect. In the 23 patients with a high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (>15 mm Hg), data were collected after transvenous pacing at different ventricular sites in either the VDD mode (AV delay=100 ms) or the VVI mode in patients with atrial fibrillation (n=6). The mean baseline cardiac index was 1.82 L x min(-1) x m(-2). Mean+/-SD baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) (118.5+/-15.2 mm Hg), PCWP (26.4+/-6.6 mm Hg), and V-wave amplitude (39.1+/-14.6 mm Hg) were similar before and after either RVA or RVOT pacing. In contrast, LV-based pacing (either LV alone or BIV pacing) resulted in higher SBP (P<.03) and lower PCWP (P<.01) and V-wave amplitude (P<.001) than either baseline or RV pacing measurements. With LV pacing alone, SBP, PCWP, and V waves were 126.5+/-15.1, 20.7+/-5.9, and 25.5+/-8.1 mm Hg, respectively. The results with LV pacing alone were similar to those obtained with BIV pacing.In patients with severe congestive heart failure, both LV pacing alone and BIV pacing resulted in a similar and significant acute improvement in SBP, PCWP, and V-wave amplitude compared with baseline measurements and RV pacing alone. These results provide a strong basis for initiating long-term studies examining the chronic effects of LV-based pacing in patients with medically refractory congestive heart failure.
High levels of ephrinB2 over-expression increases the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and promotes enhanced cell mediated mineralisation in a polyethyleneimine-ephrinB2 gene-activated matrix
Authors: Erica G. Tierney, Kevin McSorley, Conn L. Hastings, Sally-Ann Cryan, Timothy O'Brien, Mary J. Murphy, Frank P. Barry, Fergal J. O'Brien, Garry P. Duffy
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
LIGATURES AND SUTURES OF ALLOY STEEL WIRE
Authors: W. Wayne Babcock
Journal: JAMA (1934)

From its resistance to chemical change, modern alloy steel has been called the new noble metal. Soft or annealed stainless steel wire has marked tensile strength, stretches over one third of its length before breaking, and has such resistance to corrosion that when buried in the tissues for prolonged periods of time it remains untarnished and does not give rise to tissue discoloration or local irritation. After three months under a plaster cast, skin sutures of the wire retain their brilliant luster and show no tendency to irritate the tissues. For surgical purposes it may be substituted for the weaker and more brittle silver and bronze wires and replace, with advantage, horsehair, silk, and "dermal" as a fine approximating suture, and silkworm gut as a strong supporting through and through suture. The finer wire may readily be tied in the ordinary square knot without breaking or losing appreciable tensile strength
Nutrient myocardial blood flow in experimental myocardial ischemia. Effects of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and coronary reperfusion.
Authors: V K Saini, W B Hood, H B Hechtman, R L Berger
Journal: Circulation (1975)

This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) upon nutrient myocardial blood flow (NMBF) following acute myocardial ischemia in dogs, but also to determine whether IABP improves NMBF following revascularization. Localized myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of one or two small branches of the circumflex coronary artery combined with a three hour snare occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the first septal branch. NMBF was measured by NaI131 washout at three points corresponding to the peripheral, intermediate, and central zones of the infarct. Occlusion of the coronary arteries reduced NMBF. Release of occlusion after three hours, or the equivalent of coronary artery revascularization, increased NMBF but did not restore it to control levels. The increase in flow was more marked in the peripheral zones of ischemia. IABP increased NMBF significantly both during and after release of occlusion. The effect was sustained after cessation of IABP only when the latter was maintained during the period of reperfusion. The results indicate that NMBF, defined by washout of a locally injected tracer, was improved by both IABP and reperfusion. The beneficial effect was maximal when the two techniques were combined.
ABC OF Work Related Disorders: OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS
Authors: C A Veys
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The first report of cancer caused by occupational exposure was in 1775 by Percival Pott, a British surgeon who described scrotal cancer in boy chimney sweeps.A century later, in 1895, Rehn, a German surgeon working in Frankfurt, treated a cluster of three cases of bladder cancer in workers at a local factory
Dermatological aspects of angiogenesis
Authors: P. Velasco, B. Lange-Asschenfeldt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Neovascularization is vital for the growth of tumours, providing a lifeline for sustenance and waste disposal. Tumour vessels can grow by sprouting, intussusception or by incorporating bone marrow‐derived endothelial precursor cells into growing vessels. Recent advances in vascular biology have identified some key factors that control vascular growth, and have led to the hypothesis that in normal tissues vascular quiescence is maintained by the dominant influence of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors over angiogenic stimuli. In contrast, increased secretion of angiogenic factors and the down‐regulation of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors induce tumour angiogenesis. Vascular quiescence in the skin seems to be primarily maintained by a balance between the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors thrombospondin 1 and thrombospondin 2 and the potent proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A. Inhibiting tumour growth by controlling angiogenesis is an intriguing approach with great potential for the treatment of vascular tumours such as haemangioma, Kaposi's sarcoma and solid cutaneous tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. In this review, the role of angiogenesis and more recent topics such as lymphangiogenesis in cutaneous tumour growth, invasion and metastasis will be discussed.
Health status instruments should satisfy full range of methodological criteria
Authors: S. Petrou
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Dorman et al are right to draw attention to the higher response rate achieved with the EuroQol questionnaire compared with the SF-36 instrument among survivors of stroke.1 Published work on health related quality of life overlooks the burden that instruments impose on patients, studies often failing to report response and completion rates. Dorman …
DDAVP in acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Reizo Nagayama, Yasuhiko Tanabe, Ken Satoh, Masaharu Hanano, Masao Mito, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

The response to a single intravenous infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP, desmopressin) was studied in two patients with acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with IgG-kappa myeloma. Following infusion of DDAVP (0.3-0.4 micrograms/kg), prolonged bleeding time was normalized; plasma ristocetin cofactor activity, von Willebrand factor antigen, and factor VIII activity were remarkably increased; and high-molecular-weight forms of von Willebrand factor were demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in both patients. Excellent hemostasis was achieved following administration of DDAVP in one patient when it was used for the treatment of gum bleeding and for the prophylaxis of bleeding during and after dental extractions. These observations suggest that DDAVP is an effective alternative to blood products for at least some patients with acquired von Willebrand syndrome in addition to patients with inherited von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A, and uremia.
Use of Multifunctional Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Conjugates to Trigger Cancer-Selective Cell Death Signaling
Authors: Dirk Spitzer, Peter O. Simon, Hiroyuki Kashiwagi, Jinbin Xu, Chenbo Zeng, Suwanna Vangveravong, Dong Zhou, Katherine Chang, Jonathan E. McDunn, John R. Hornick, Peter Goedegebuure, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Robert H. Mach, William G. Hawkins
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

One major challenge in the development of cancer therapeutics is the selective delivery of the drugs to their cellular targets. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the σ-2 receptor is a unique target that triggers apoptosis upon activation. We have previously developed a series of chemical compounds with high affinity for the σ-2 receptor and showed rapid internalization of the ligands. One particular specific ligand of the σ-2 receptor, SV119, binds to pancreatic cancer cells and induces target cell death in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we characterized the ability of SV119 to selectively deliver other death-inducing cargos to augment the cytotoxic properties of SV119 itself. When conjugated to SV119, small molecules that are known to interfere with intracellular prosurvival pathways retained their ability to induce cell death, the efficiency of which was enhanced by the combinatorial effect of SV119 delivered with its small molecule cargo. Our findings define a simple platform technology to increase the tumor-selective delivery of small molecule therapeutics via σ-2 ligands, permitting chemotherapeutic synergy that can optimize efficacy and patient benefit.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis with Amyloid Goiter: Report of a Case with Review of the Literature
Authors: Amitabh Srivastava, Mukta Baxi, Subhash Yadav, Amit Agarwal, Ramesh K Gupta, Saroj K Misra, Ambrish Mithal
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Overview of potential mutagenic problems posed by some pesticides and their trace impurities.
Authors: L Fishbein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

This review principally addresses a number of aspects of usage of pesticides as well as populations at potential risk and attempts to highlight categories of pesticides whose structures or those of their metabolites and/or trace impurities, degradation and transformation products suggest an a priori mutagenic and/or carcinogenic risk. The pesticides considered include: DDT, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 2,4,5-T, pentachlorophenol, and various herbicidal precursors (e.g., carbamates, triazines) of nitrosamines and nitroso derivatives. Structural features of a number of halo-unsaturated pesticides (e.g., dichloropropenes) were also reviewed from a viewpoint of contrasting their potential mutagenicity with that of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Additionally the mutagenicity of the organophosphorus pesticide Trichlorophon is contrasted with that of its degradation products.
Mfge8 diminishes the severity of tissue fibrosis in mice by binding and targeting collagen for uptake by macrophages
Authors: Kamran Atabai, Sina Jame, Nabil Azhar, Alex Kuo, Michael Lam, William McKleroy, Greg DeHart, Salman Rahman, Dee Dee Xia, Andrew C. Melton, Paul Wolters, Claire L. Emson, Scott M. Turner, Zena Werb, Dean Sheppard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) is a soluble glycoprotein known to regulate inflammation and immunity by mediating apoptotic cell clearance. Since fibrosis can occur as a result of exaggerated apoptosis and inflammation, we set out to investigate the hypothesis that Mfge8 might negatively regulate tissue fibrosis. We report here that Mfge8 does decrease the severity of tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis; however, it does so not through effects on inflammation and apoptotic cell clearance, but by binding and targeting collagen for cellular uptake through its discoidin domains. Initial analysis revealed that Mfge8-/- mice exhibited enhanced pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, they did not have increased inflammation or impaired apoptotic cell clearance after lung injury compared with Mfge8+/+ mice; rather, they had a defect in collagen turnover. Further experiments indicated that Mfge8 directly bound collagen and that Mfge8-/- macrophages exhibited defective collagen uptake that could be rescued by recombinant Mfge8 containing at least one discoidin domain. These data demonstrate a critical role for Mfge8 in decreasing the severity of murine tissue fibrosis by facilitating the removal of accumulated collagen.
Lymphatics of the Heart
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is a comprehensive book on a subject that in medical literature is off the beaten track for most physicians. The book culminates many years of interest and experimental work on this subject by the author, who had noted a clinical association between congenital lymph ectasia and endocardial fibroelastosis and became interested in the thesis that obstruction of cardiac lymphatic drainage might have an etiologic role in this type of clinical cardiac pathological condition. The hypothesis remains unproved, but has stimulated a worthy, scholarly effort. The book is primarily a review of the published literature on the lymphatics of the heart, and the approach is primarily historical. There are extensive quotations and reproduced illustrations from publications of previous authors in the field. The author's own experimental work is also presented, but in appropriate balance with the field as a whole. There have not been major advances in this field in
Abstract 2402: Antitumor effect of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in endometrial carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Aki Miyasaka, Katsutoshi Oda, Yuji Ikeda, Tomoko Kashiyama, Takahiro Koso, Kanako Inaba, Tomohiko Fukuda, Chinami Makii, Kayo Asada, Reiko Kurikawa, Osamu Wada Hiraike, Kenbun Sone, Yuriko Uehara, Yoko Matsumoto, Takahide Arimoto, Hiroyuki Kuramoto, Tetsu Yano, Kei Kawana, Yutaka Osuga, Tomoyuki Fujii
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The loss of PTEN is the most frequent genetic aberration in endometrial cancer. One of the phosphatase-independent roles of PTEN is associated with homologous recombination (HR) in the nucleus. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays a key role in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks, and a PARP inhibitor induces synthetic lethality in cancer cells with HR deficiency. We examined the anti-tumor activity of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, and its correlation between the sensitivity and status of PTEN in a panel of endometrial cancer cell lines. Methods The response to olaparib was evaluated using a clonogenic assay with SF50 values (concentration to inhibit cell survival to 50%) in 16 endometrial cancer cell lines. The effects of PTEN introduction on the sensitivity of cells to olaparib and ionizing radiation (IR) exposure were compared between parental HEC-6 (PTEN-null) and HEC-6 PTEN+ (stably expressing wild-type PTEN) cells by clonogenic assay, foci formation of RAD51 and γH2AX, and induction of cleaved PARP. Results The SF50 values were 100 nM or less in six of the 16 (38%: sensitive) cell lines; whereas, SF50 values were 1,000 nM or more in five of the 16 (31%: resistant) cell lines. PTEN mutations were not associated with sensitivity to olaparib (Mutant [n = 12]: 995 ± 1,096 nM; Wild-type [n = 4]: 144 ± 91 nM, p = 0.17 by Student'st test). RAD51 expression was observed broadly and was not associated with PTEN status in the 16 cell lines. The number of colonies in the clonogenic assay, the foci formation of RAD51 and γH2AX, and the induction of apoptosis were not affected by PTEN introduction in the HEC-6 PTEN+ cells. The expression level of nuclear PTEN was not elevated within 24 h following IR in the HEC-6-PTEN+ cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is effective on certain endometrial cancer cell lines. The inactivation of PTEN might not affect the DNA repair function. Predictive biomarkers are warranted to utilize olaparib in endometrial cancer. Citation Format: Aki Miyasaka, Katsutoshi Oda, Yuji Ikeda, Tomoko Kashiyama, Takahiro Koso, Kanako Inaba, Tomohiko Fukuda, Chinami Makii, Kayo Asada, Reiko Kurikawa, Osamu Wada Hiraike, Kenbun Sone, Yuriko Uehara, Yoko Matsumoto, Takahide Arimoto, Hiroyuki Kuramoto, Tetsu Yano, Kei Kawana, Yutaka Osuga, Tomoyuki Fujii. Antitumor effect of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2402
Quick- and slow-release iron: A double-blind trial with a single daily dose regimen
Authors: S. T. Callender
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a double-blind trial the response to treatment with Ferro-Gradume (a slow-release preparation of ferrous sulphate) has been compared in the same individuals with the response to ferrous fumarate in a single daily dose regimen using a similar dose of iron. No significant difference was found in the therapeutic response or in the incidence of side-effects between the two preparations.
THE PERSISTENCE OF SYMPTOMS AFTER VASOSTOMY
Authors: HERMAN L. KRETSCHMER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To Dr. Belfield of Chicago must be given credit for the ingenious method that he devised for treating infections in the seminal vesicles by means of vasostomy, a procedure very much more simple than the radical open operations that had been in vogue. His method of treatment does not carry with it any mortality, and it can be performed under local anesthesia; indeed, by some it has been carried out as an office procedure.  Dr. Belfield's method was decidedly opportune, since its advocacy occurred about the same time that Dr. Frank Billings of Chicago did his monumental work on focal infections, a work that resulted in the entire medical profession focusing attention on the eradication of any or all foci of infection. The facts that Dr. Belfield's procedure can be carried out easily because of its simplicity and that large numbers of patients are victims of chronic infections in the
High Prevalence of NIDDM and IGT in an Elderly South Indian Population With Low Rates of Obesity
Authors: Ambady Ramachandran, Chamukuttan Snehalatha, Panchaksharam Shyamala, Vlswanathan Vijay, Moopil Viswanathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban and rural elderly population in south India. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Urban and rural populations ≥60 years of age and representative of the areas (873 urban and 588 rural subjects) were screened for diabetes and IGT using fasting and 2-h postglucose capillary blood glucose measurements. RESULTS In the urban area, 211 (23.7%) had diabetes, and 101 (12.4%) had IGT. In the rural area, 56 (9.9%) had diabetes, and 82 (14.9%) had IGT. The ratio of newly diagnosed to known diabetes was 1:3 in the urban and 1:1 in the rural areas. Positive family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), subscapular-to-triceps ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated with diabetes in the urban population. Only age and BMI showed significant association with diabetes in the elderly rural population. None of the tested parameters, except age in the urban subjects, showed association with IGT. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the high prevalence of glucose intolerance in elderly south Indians having low mean BMI (mean ± SD; urban 21.7 ± 4.6, rural 17.9 ±3.3 kg/m2). Although there was a twofold higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban area, the occurrence of IGT was similar in urban and rural populations.
Poly(A+)RNA levels of growth-, differentiation- and transformation-associated genes in the progressive development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat
Authors: Brian E. Huber, Carole A. Heilman, Snorril S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The development of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat proceeds through a series of premalignant changes that may ultimately progress to a primary malignant tumor. Using the selection technique based on diminished binding of preneoplasic hepatocytes to tissue culture plates precoated with asialofetuin, we have isolated poly(A + )RNA from early preneoplastic foci as well as preneoplastic persistent nodules and primary hepatocellular carcinoma induced by the Solt-Farber protocol in the Fischer rat. The steady-state poly(A + )RNA levels of genes traditionally associated with growth, differentiation and/or transformation were then determined to address the question of their temporal expression in the multistep nature of cancer development. Ornithine decarboxylase- and P53-specific transcripts did not significantly change in preneoplastic foci but were increased in later-stage preneoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. Albumin-specific transcripts were decreased in all hepatocellular carcinoma but there was no consistent coordinated increase in α-fetoprotein-specific transcripts. c- myc and raf transcripts increased at the very early preneoplastic foci stage and continued to increase throughout the neoplastic process. No L- myc or N- myc transcripts could be detected in any RNA sample. c-Ha- ras -specific transcripts were essentially unaltered in all RNA samples whereas no c-Ki- ras or N- ras transcripts could be detected throughout the neoplastic process. In addition, no dominant-acting transforming mutations in the ras gene family were detected by DNA transfection experiments using NIH/3T3 cells.