tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4916: Efficiacy of NU7441-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles in radiation sensitization of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Jyothi U. Menon, Vasu Tumati, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Kytai T. Nguyen, Debabrata Saha
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men with an estimated 241,740 new cases and 28,170 deaths expected by end of 2012. Conventional cancer treatments such as radiation therapy can be ineffective due to radiation resistance of prostate cancer cells. This resistance arises due to their increased DNA double strand break (DSB) repair ability, especially through Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). In this study, we have developed biodegradable and biocompatible poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based nanoparticles containing the potent radio-sensitizer NU7441 (8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one) for radiation sensitization of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting DNA-dependent protein kinase, which regulates NHEJ. Methods: PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating NU7441 and iron oxide as an imaging and targeting agent were prepared by a standard double emulsion technique and characterized for size and surface charge. R11 peptide was surface conjugated onto the nanoparticles for prostate cancer-specific targeting. Stability studies in de-ionized (DI) water and serum were conducted over 5 days followed by drug release studies in DI water at 37oC. Further, in vitro studies were done to study cytocompatibility with prostate epithelial cells (PZ-HPV7) and cellular uptake by prostate cancer cells (PC3). DSB repair kinetics of prostate cancer cells following nanoparticle uptake was studied using a DSB repair assay. Results: Our nanoparticles had an average size of 274.13+ 79.96 nm and showed good stability in water and serum for 5 days. The nanoparticles also showed bi-phasic NU7441 release within 21 days at 37oC and &amp;gt;80% PZ-HPV7 cell viability up to 2000 µg/ml nanoparticle concentration. Further, the particles were selectively uptake by PC3 cells in a dose and magnetic field-dependent manner and showed effective radiation sensitization of these cells in vitro. Conclusions: Our results thus demonstrate that R11-conjugated PLGA-iron oxide nanoparticles containing NU7441 are biocompatible and can be potentially used to radio-sensitize prostate cancer cells in vivo. Citation Format: Jyothi U. Menon, Vasu Tumati, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Kytai T. Nguyen, Debabrata Saha. Efficiacy of NU7441-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles in radiation sensitization of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4916. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4916
A time to ask what you want of WHO
Authors: K. Baverstock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Five years ago Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland took over a largely demoralised World Health Organization from Hiroshi Nakajima and initiated a reform to give WHO new relevance to current public health needs. Technical staff warmly welcomed the strong emphasis she placed on evidence based advocacy, openness and transparency, and unity within the organisation.

Last year it became clear that Dr Brundtland would not seek a second term and on 21 July Jong-Wook Lee will succeed her as director general. However, Dr Lee is not inheriting a reinvigorated organisation or one that is close to achieving the three overarching principles instigated by the Brundtland reform.

Dr Brundtland did succeed in getting health recognised as an issue on the global political agenda and in drawing attention to the economically debilitating effects of ill health. However, this gain may have been achieved at the expense of other priorities.

Many of the public health issues that face us today are not controversial. There are no …
Removal of Giα1 Constraints on Adenylyl Cyclase in the Hippocampus Enhances LTP and Impairs Memory Formation
Authors: Victor V Pineda, Jaime I Athos, Hongbing Wang, Jeremy Celver, Danielle Ippolito, Guylain Boulay, Lutz Birnbaumer, Daniel R Storm
Journal: Neuron (2004)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by human keratinocytes. Kinetics and regulation.
Authors: D D Bikle, M K Nemanic, E Gee, P Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human foreskin keratinocytes in vitro metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to a number of metabolites, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). This metabolite remains mostly within the cell and does not accumulate in the medium under the conditions of these experiments. With time, 1,25(OH)2D3 is catabolized, and more polar metabolites appear in both the cells and the medium. The production of 1,25(OH)2D3 has an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 of 5.4 X 10(-8) M. The levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 within the cell are increased both by increased production and decreased catabolism when parathyroid hormone(1-34) and isobutylmethylxanthine are added. Exogenously added 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M reduces endogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 production, increases 1,25(OH)2D3 catabolism, and increases 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by an actinomycin D-sensitive process. These data indicate that the regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 production by keratinocytes is similar to, but not identical to the regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 by the kidney.
1233 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE-1 KNOCKOUT PROTECTS AGAINST HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN A MURINE MODEL OF NASH
Authors: J.K. Dowman, L.J. Hopkins, M.J. Armstrong, L.L. Gathercole, P.F. Lalor, S.G. Hubscher, J.W. Tomlinson, P.N. Newsome
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Comparison of Bifrontal and Bitemporal ECT for Major Depression
Authors: Samuel H. Bailine, Arthur Rifkin, Ernst Kayne, Jeffrey A. Selzer, Jacques Vital-Herne, Marjorie Blieka, Simcha Pollack
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the clinical and cognitive effects of bifrontal electrode placement with standard bitemporal electrode placement in the treatment of patients with major depression. METHOD: Forty-eight patients with unipolar or bipolar depression were treated with a course of bifrontal or bitemporal ECT. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the standardized Mini-Mental State were administered at baseline and repeated during the course of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-seven of the 48 patients who completed the course of treatment met remission criteria by the 12th treatment. There were no differences between the patients given bifrontal ECT and those given bitemporal ECT in the number of treatments required to reach remission criteria. The standardized Mini-Mental State scores of the patients given bitemporal ECT worsened more after treatment than did those of the patients given bifrontal ECT. CONCLUSIONS: Bifrontal electrode placement was as efficacious as bitemporal placement and resulted in less cognitive impairment. A study of the two placements with more cognitive measures is indicated.
Skeletal Trauma: Fractures, Dislocations, Ligamentous Injuries
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The editors of this two-volume treatise prove the validity of their assumption that "significant evolution in the understanding and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and... new knowledge" justify their efforts. The list of multiple authors from the United States and other countries includes many of those skilled in contemporary methods of trauma management. Despite multiple styles, the editors have organized the well-written text to flow smoothly from one section to the other. This comprehensive work reflects the evolution of modern, interdisciplinary teams with advanced techniques, brought together to treat increasing numbers of patients with multiple systems injuries. The initial chapter provides an excellent synopsis of the history of fracture treatment. An understanding of bone and soft tissue biology and repair, and the biomechanical precepts of fractures and their management, is reflected in several excellent chapters, which should be mandatory for anyone who would care for patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Sections on
DIATHERMY IN GYNECOLOGY
Authors: GEORGE GELLHORN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Diathermy is used in gynecology for four different groups of indications: pelvic inflammations, gonorrhea, noninfectious gynecologic conditions, and cancer of the uterus. <h3>DIATHERMY IN PELVIC INFLAMMATIONS</h3> Pelvic infections of whatever origin almost invariably leave remnants behind which may give rise to distressing symptoms. In all such cases there was originally, during the acute stage, an exudate either in the culdesac and around the pelvic organs, or within the loose connective tissue beneath the peritoneal covering of the pelvis. These conditions are called pelvic peritonitis and pelvic cellulitis, respectively. The exudate may suppurate and turn into an abscess, which then would demand immediate surgical intervention. If, on the other hand, with the passing of the acute stage the intensity of the tissue irritation subsides, the exudate is gradually absorbed in part. A certain amount of the exudate, however, resists absorption. It may form dense and well vascularized adhesions around the genital
Characterisation of a Novel Fc Conjugate of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor
Authors: Deborah J Gow, Kristin A Sauter, Clare Pridans, Lindsey Moffat, Anuj Sehgal, Ben M Stutchfield, Sobia Raza, Philippa M Beard, Yi Ting Tsai, Graeme Bainbridge, Pamela L Boner, Greg Fici, David Garcia-Tapia, Roger A Martin, Theodore Oliphant, John A Shelly, Raksha Tiwari, Thomas L Wilson, Lee B Smith, Neil A Mabbott, David A Hume
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

We have produced an Fc conjugate of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 1 with an improved circulating half-life. CSF1-Fc retained its macrophage growth-promoting activity, and did not induce proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Treatment with CSF1-Fc did not produce adverse effects in mice or pigs. The impact of CSF1-Fc was examined using the Csf1r-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene in MacGreen mice. Administration of CSF1-Fc to mice drove extensive infiltration of all tissues by Csf1r-EGFP positive macrophages. The main consequence was hepatosplenomegaly, associated with proliferation of hepatocytes. Expression profiles of the liver indicated that infiltrating macrophages produced candidate mediators of hepatocyte proliferation including urokinase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 6. CSF1-Fc also promoted osteoclastogenesis and produced pleiotropic effects on other organ systems, notably the testis, where CSF1-dependent macrophages have been implicated in homeostasis. However, it did not affect other putative CSF1 targets, notably intestine, where Paneth cell numbers and villus architecture were unchanged. CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine in multiple organs. We suggest that the CSF1-Fc conjugate retains this potential, and may permit daily delivery by injection rather than continuous infusion required for the core molecule.
Lymph node invasion by tumor cells modifies the distribution of dendritic cell subsets and memory T cell profiles in human cancer patients
Authors: Nicolás Gonzalo Núñez, Ana Tereza Nadan, Louis Pérol, Maud Milder, Sophie Viel, Philippe De La Rochere Philippe, Delphine Loirat, Sastre-Garau Xavier, Christine Sedlik, Sebastian Amigorena, Eliane Piaggio
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts In human breast cancer, the invasion of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) is an important step in disease progression and has predictive value [[1][1]]. TDLN dendritic cells (DCs), which are comprised of lymphoid-organ-resident and skin-derived migratory DCs, present tumor
On Improving the Public Health
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PERHAPS the most promising potential for improving the public health resides in what people can be motivated to do for themselves. To assist patients to become more mature requires some tempering of medical omnipotence. The process resembles somewhat the rearing of children, where their eventual maturity depends mainly on the quality of parenting. The traditional role of the physician as teacher requires nurture if it is to be expected that patients will thrive and grow. This was the course embarked on by Thomas Jefferson when he established the study of medicine at the University of Virginia, where one of the goals was that every Virginian learn the care of his own health. For Jefferson, man certainly was not defined by his illness. A free man with growth potential in all areas was considered by him bound to live as constructively as he could under any and all circumstances, including illness
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2013: III. Sepsis, infections, respiratory diseases, pediatrics
Authors: Jean-Francois Timsit, Giuseppe Citerio, Jan Bakker, Matteo Bassetti, Dominique Benoit, Maurizio Cecconi, J. Randall Curtis, Glenn Hernandez, Margaret Herridge, Samir Jaber, Michael Joannidis, Laurent Papazian, Mark Peters, Pierre Singer, Martin Smith, Marcio Soares, Antoni Torres, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Elie Azoulay
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
A Structured Behaviorally Oriented Group Treatment for Bulimia nervosa
Authors: R.G. Laessle, S. Waadt, K.M. Pirke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Preliminary results are reported on the efficacy of a 4-month group (n = 8) therapy compared with waiting-list controls (n = 9) in women with DSM-III bulimia. Treatment consisted of a standard behaviorally oriented stress management program and of basic nutritional management. A significantly greater decrease in binge frequency and specific psychopathology was found in the treated compared with the waiting-list group. The treated subjects showed further improvement 3 months after treatment termination. The usefulness of the different treatment components is briefly discussed.
Prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis with dipyridamole and aspirin.
Authors: J T Renney, E F O'Sullivan, P F Burke
Journal: BMJ (1976)

One hundred and sixty patients have been studied in a controlled trial of two drugs which have been in combination to prevent postoperative-deep-vein thrombosis. Both the drugs, dipyridamole (Persantin) and aspirin, were given by mouth from the evening before operation and for seven days after operation. The radioactive fibrinogen test was used to diagnose thrombosis. Of the 85 patients in the control group 24 developed thrombosis (28%). Twelve out of 85 patients (14%) in the test group were found to have thrombosis. Similar significant differences in incidence were found in the various subgroups.
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA FOLLOWING X-RAY EPILATION OF THE SCALP.
Authors: C. M. RIDLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article BASAL CELL CARCINOMA FOLLOWING X‐RAY EPILATION OF THE SCALP. Get access C. M. RIDLEY, B.M., M.R.C.P. C. M. RIDLEY, B.M., M.R.C.P. Senior Registrar, Skin Department, The London Hospital, London, E. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 6, 1 June 1962, Pages 222–223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13495.x Published: 01 June 1962
Committed T lymphocyte stem cells of rats. Characterization by surface W3/13 antigen and radiosensitivity.
Authors: M J Dyer, S V Hunt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The existence of stem cells committed to the T lymphoid lineage was deduced from studying how rat T and B stem cells differ in their expression of membrane W3/13 antigen and in their susceptibility in vivo to gamma irradiation. Stem cell activity of rat bone marrow and fetal liver was measured in long-term radiation chimeras using B and T cell alloantigenic surface markers to identify the progeny of donor cells. Monoclonal mouse anti-rat thymocyte antibody W3/13 labeled approximately 40% of fetal liver cells and 60-70% of young rat bone marrow cells (40% brightly, 25% dimly). Bright, dim, and negative cells were separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. All B and T lymphoid stem cells in fetal liver were W3/13 bright, as were B lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow. W3/13 dim bone marrow had over half the T cell repopulating activity of unseparated marrow but gave virtually no B cell repopulation. In further experiments, the radiosensitivity of endogenous B and T lymphoid stem cells was determined by exposing host rats to between 4.5 and 10 Gy of gamma irradiation before repopulation with genetically marked marrow. The results depended on whether chimerism was assayed before day 50 or after day 100. At early times, a radioresistant T stem cell was indicated, whose activity waned later. Thus committed T stem cells of rats carry moderate amounts of W3/13 antigen and are more radioresistant but less permanently chimeragenic than the stem cells that regenerate B lymphocytes.
Comments on Cell Proliferation and its Control.
Authors: David M. Prescott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Comments on Cell Proliferation and its Control.David M. Prescott, M.D.David M. Prescott, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1083_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the long history of cell biology, biologists have concentrated heavily on the process of cell division (and mitosis) in the search for understanding of cell proliferation. The concept of a "trigger," that when fired threw the cell immediately into division dominated thought and research on cell division for many decades. Cell division, however, is only one of the events which make up the phenomenon of cell proliferation, and it occupies only a relatively small fraction of the total life cycle of a cell. The control of cell proliferation must be approached through a study of the entire cell life... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1083-1083KeywordsBiologistsCell biologyCell cycle and cell divisionCell proliferation Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Story of Puerperal Fever--1800 to 1950
Authors: L. Colebrook
Journal: BMJ (1956)

1951) bio-bibliography of Jenner makes it clear that Jenner's active mind concerned itself with many things.Apart from his famous work on vaccinia and the prevention of smallpox, he wrote about the curious nesting habits of the cuckoo, the migration of other birds, the hibernation of hedgehogs, distemper in dogs, coronary occlusion in relation to angina pectoris, and the treatment of tetanus.But, so far as I can ascertain, he did not write anything about puerperal fever, although as a country pract t oner it must have often come to his notice.Like smallpox it was one of the major hazards of adult life in those days, and there is little doubt that Jenner sometimes reflected upon its distressing and puzzling features.It so happened, too, that the publication of Jenner's famous inquiry into the nature of vaccinia and the results of vaccination (Jenner, 1798) almost coincided with the first major advance in knowledge about the aetiology of puerp2ral fever.Both occurred in the last decade of the eighteenth century-those fertile years that produced the French Revolution and so many other notable events.Of course, the history of puerperal fever goes back a long way beyond Jenner's time, but I propose to deal with its development only from that time till 1950.Those of us who are older know very well the tragedy that this fever used to be even in the early days of this century.We can recall the young mother who had gone through the hazards of her first pregnancy and the great adventure of her first confinement, and had brought forth a healthy child, only to be struck down a day or two later by the fatal fever.Or it may have been an older woman, who had already borne several children, and then, follow-ng a later confinement, developed fever and quickly died, leaving a father and his young family to fend for themselves.I imagine that all of us, if we were to trace back our family history for two or three generations, would come across one or, more likely, several instances in which this dreaded fever had carried off our female forebears.In my own family there have certainly been two or three such tragedies.Owing to these distressing circumstances there can hardly be any disease which has brought more poignant sorrow to the human race.There are no reliable figures for the annual death rate from this cause before about 1880, because the certification of deaths was not satisfactory, but from that
The ingi and RIME non-LTR Retrotransposons Are Not Randomly Distributed in the Genome of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Frédéric Bringaud, Nicolas Biteau, Eduard Zuiderwijk, Matthew Berriman, Najib M. El-Sayed, Elodie Ghedin, Sara E. Melville, Neil Hall, Théo Baltz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The ingi (long and autonomous) and RIME (short and nonautonomous) non--long-terminal repeat retrotransposons are the most abundant mobile elements characterized to date in the genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. These retrotransposons were thought to be randomly distributed, but a detailed and comprehensive analysis of their genomic distribution had not been performed until now. To address this question, we analyzed the ingi/RIME sequences and flanking sequences from the ongoing T. brucei genome sequencing project (TREU927/4 strain). Among the 81 ingi/RIME elements analyzed, 60% are complete, and 7% of the ingi elements (approximately 15 copies per haploid genome) appear to encode for their own transposition. The size of the direct repeat flanking the ingi/RIME retrotransposons is conserved (i.e., 12-bp), and a strong 11-bp consensus pattern precedes the 5'-direct repeat. The presence of a consensus pattern upstream of the retroelements was confirmed by the analysis of the base occurrence in 294 GSS containing 5'-adjacent ingi/RIME sequences. The conserved sequence is present upstream of ingis and RIMEs, suggesting that ingi-encoded enzymatic activities are used for retrotransposition of RIMEs, which are short nonautonomous retroelements. In conclusion, the ingi and RIME retroelements are not randomly distributed in the genome of T. brucei and are preceded by a conserved sequence, which may be the recognition site of the ingi-encoded endonuclease.