tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Phenol and Phthalate Exposures and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Mary S. Wolff, Stephanie M. Engel, Gertrud S. Berkowitz, Xiaoyun Ye, Manori J. Silva, Chenbo Zhu, James Wetmur, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Many phthalates and phenols are hormonally active and are suspected to alter the course of development.We investigated prenatal exposures to phthalate and phenol metabolites and their associations with body size measures of the infants at birth.We measured 5 phenol and 10 phthalate urinary metabolites in a multiethnic cohort of 404 women in New York City during their third trimester of pregnancy and recorded size of infants at birth.Median urinary concentrations were > 10 microg/L for 2 of 5 phenols and 6 of 10 phthalate monoester metabolites. Concentrations of low-molecular-weight phthalate monoesters (low-MWP) were approximately 5-fold greater than those of high-molecular-weight metabolites. Low-MWP metabolites had a positive association with gestational age [0.97 day gestational age per ln-biomarker; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-1.9 days, multivariate adjusted] and with head circumference. Higher prenatal exposures to 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) predicted lower birth weight in boys (-210 g average birth weight difference between the third tertile and first tertile of 2,5-DCP; 95% CI, 71-348 g). Higher maternal benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations were associated with a similar decrease in birth weight among girls but with greater birth weight in boys.We observed a range of phthalate and phenol exposures during pregnancy in our population, but few were associated with birth size. The association of 2,5-DCP and BP3 with reduced or increased birth weight could be important in very early or small-size births. In addition, positive associations of urinary metabolites with some outcomes may be attributable partly to unresolved confounding with maternal anthropometric factors.
A novel knock-in prostate cancer model demonstrates biology similar to that of human prostate cancer and suitable for preclinical studies
Authors: Manal Y. Gabril, Wenming Duan, Guojun Wu, Madeleine Moussa, Jonathan I. Izawa, Chandra J. Panchal, Hideki Sakai, Jim W. Xuan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Preclinical studies of prostate cancer (CaP) have employed a genetically engineered mouse model, since there is no naturally occurring CaP in rodents. We have previously reported a new knock-in mouse adenocarcinoma prostate (KIMAP) model. In this study, we demonstrate that the new model possesses a tumor architecture of heterogeneity and multifocality similar to that of human CaP, by utilizing a new compound scoring system to compare with the PSP94 (approved gene symbol Msmb) gene-directed transgenic mouse CaP model (TGMAP). KIMAP mice showed a balanced distribution of tumor extent, which penetrated the prostate gland. Comparative studies on cDNA microarrays demonstrated that KIMAP tumors were upregulated with higher contents of immunoresponse genes, whereas PSP-TGMAP tumors had neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. The majority of KIMAP mice did not progress to NE CaP, which was observed only at a very late stage and a low frequency. Several tumor marker genes characteristic of human CaP were uniquely identified in KIMAP tumors, including hepsin, maspin, Nkx3.1, CD10 and PSP94 (similar to PSA), etc. The differences between these two CaP models are attributed to the introduction of a single endogenous knock-in mutation. Due to the similarities between human CaP tumors and the PSP-KIMAP tumors, this preclinical model may supplement the current transgenic models to study CaP more accurately.
Anger, Impulsivity and Suicide Risk
Authors: Neta Horesh, Tzipora Rolnick, Iulian Iancu, Pinhas Dannon, Elie Lepkifker, Alan Apter, Moshe Kotler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

To examine the relationship between anger, impulsivity and suicidality.Thirty psychiatric inpatients admitted for suicidal behavior were compared with 30 nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients and 32 healthy controls on measures of anger, impulsivity and suicide risk.The three groups were similar on demographic variables, but the suicidal group scored higher on the suicide risk scale, impulsivity scale and anger scale. Anger and impulsivity correlated significantly with suicide risk. High anger and impulsivity contributed synergistically to the suicide risk. Whereas anger was specific to both psychiatric groups, suicidals and nonsuicidals, only impulsivity was specific to the suicidal group.These findings may have important implications for therapists and primary prevention workers, and may pave the way for the recognition of risk factors and for effective intervention in patients with a high suicide risk.
Action Stations in Austria
Authors: N. H. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Six months ago, when the magnitude of the refugee problems in Austria was realized in this country, many doctors offered their aid to the British Red Cross in the hope of being able to assist the overburdened Austrian Medical Services in the task of caring for the thousands of refugees who poured over the Austro-Hungarian frontier.Owing to the somewhat confused state of affairs in Austria in those early days and to the slow communication of accurate news to us here, many of these volunteers were not then accepted by the British Red Cross, although some were able to render valuable service to the refugees in this country at a later date.A few doctors who were, however, directly in touch with voluntary workers in Austria in the middle of November were able to go out there on their own initiative and take part in casualty work on the border.The experience of one of these who has just completed six months' work in South-east Austria and Yugoslavia might be of some general interest.Arrival of a Medical Team Like many others, the members of a small team offered their services to the British Red Cross in London, having heard from a worker in Austria that medical aid was urgently needed.A most sympathetic reception was accorded to them by the Red Cross medical adviser, but his infornation indicated that no medical aid was needed in Austria at that time.The strength of the appeal from Vienna, however, was so great that the team decided to
NITROGEN RETENTION IN THE BLOOD IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE NEPHRITIS OF THE CAT
Authors: Otto Folin, Howard T. Karsner, W. Denis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

It will be seen that uranium nephritis, which involves both tubules and glomeruli, the former more markedly than the latter, produces a marked accumulation of nitrogen in the blood. Chromate nephritis, which involves almost exclusively the tubules, produces only moderate retention of nitrogen. Cantharidin nephritis which involves both tubules and glomeruli, the latter more severely than does uranium, produces a marked accumulation of nitrogen, beginning early and persisting for a considerable period. The experiments were controlled by testing the blood of normal cats kept under the same conditions, these animals showing only slight variations from day to day. This general statement is in accordance with the physiological classification of these nephritides except that the retention in uranium occurs at an early stage, where, according to the physiological studies of Schlayer and his associates, and of Pearce, Hill, and Eisenbrey, the vascular changes have not as yet appeared. It must be noticed that in the three types of nephritis that form the subject of this investigation, anatomical study shows the glomerulus to be distinctly involved in the two forms where accumulation of nitrogen in the blood is most marked, a condition indicating that although almost pure tubular involvement produces only moderate accumulation, the additional involvement of the glomerulus is extremely important in leading to a retention of nitrogenous waste products. The accumulation of non-protein nitrogen in the blood and tissues is not large when compared with the total intake or elimination of nitrogen, and consequently it is practically impossible by means of ordinary nitrogen equilibrium experiments to demonstrate the fact of the retention, to say nothing of determining the degree of accumulation of waste products accompanying nephritis. That both can be demonstrated by the method employed in this research is clearly shown by the figures recorded ablove.
Adding more to the pie: the expanding activities of the clinical skills centre
Authors: J. A Dent
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Changes in patient expectations and in student requirements, together with other factors, have demanded modifications to the undergraduate medical curriculum1,2. One of these, prompted by recognition that clerkships alone cannot be relied on to provide comprehensive training in clinical skills3, is the introduction of clinical skill centres (CSCs). CSCs have been rapidly adopted4,5 and are now an established part of training for healthcare professionals from Glasgow to Gezira.

The original aim was simply to provide a safe environment for learning clinical and communication skills and for practising clinical procedures6, but CSCs can be more than just skills training laboratories for junior students7. They can be of value to newly qualified doctors8; additional time in the CSC has been suggested as a component of induction programmes for preregistration house officers9. However, the activities of CSCs are at present limited—focusing on elementary communication skills, physical examination of volunteer colleagues or techniques such as intravenous cannulation. Their content may not be seen as part of an integrated programme; shared sessions with students from other healthcare disciplines may not be available; and self-assessment and constructive feedback opportunities may not be provided. Finally, staff development sessions for clinical tutors may not be seen as part of the CSC's responsibility.
Adjuvant ipilimumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage III melanoma (EORTC 18071): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Alexander M M Eggermont, Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Jean-Jacques Grob, Reinhard Dummer, Jedd D Wolchok, Henrik Schmidt, Omid Hamid, Caroline Robert, Paolo A Ascierto, Jon M Richards, Céleste Lebbé, Virginia Ferraresi, Michael Smylie, Jeffrey S Weber, Michele Maio, Cyril Konto, Axel Hoos, Veerle de Pril, Ravichandra Karra Gurunath, Gaetan de Schaetzen, Stefan Suciu, Alessandro Testori
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Erratum to “A method for establishing allocation equity among patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma on a common liver transplant waiting list” [J Hepatol 2013;60:290–297]
Authors: Alessandro Vitale, Michael L. Volk, Tullia Maria De Feo, Patrizia Burra, Anna Chiara Frigo, Rafael Ramirez Morales, Luciano De Carlis, Luca Belli, Michele Colledan, Stefano Fagiuoli, Giorgio Rossi, Enzo Andorno, Umberto Baccarani, Enrico Regalia, Marco Vivarelli, Matteo Donataccio, Umberto Cillo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Salmonella Aortitis in a Patient with a Hufnagel Valve
Authors: LOUIS WEINSTEIN, KENNETH KAPLAN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A patient is described in whom Salmonella schwarzengrund bacteremia was associated with infection of the aorta in the area at which a Hufnagel valve had been implanted 4 years earlier. Despite prolonged and repeated therapy with antimicrobial agents to which the organism was sensitive, an abscess developed in the aortic wall and led to a dissecting aneurysm and death. The role of the Hufnagel valve in altering the anatomy and hemodynamics in the lower aorta and predisposing to local and persistent infection is discussed. It is suggested, on the basis of the course of this patient's illness, that the appearance of bacteremia is especially ominous when such a prosthesis is present, and that antimicrobial therapy should be initiated as early as possible, that the doses used be large, and that the treatment be prolonged, without interruption. If manifestations consistent with aortic tear appear, despite apparent control of the infection, the presence of an abscess in the aortic wall must be suspected and the possibility of removal of the prosthesis and excision of the infected area be given serious consideration.
Seasonal Changes in Preprandial Glucose, A1C, and Blood Pressure in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Wen Wei Liang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

I thank Honeyman, Elkassaby, and Harrison (1) for commenting on our article (2) that concerns possible mechanisms for seasonal changes in preprandial plasma glucose, A1C, blood pressure, and LDL levels. Honeyman, Elkassaby, and Harrison noted good correlations with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], A1C, insulin resistance, and mean monthly temperature. Low …
A CASE OF DIPLEGIA BRACHIALIS TRAUMATICA DUE TO PRIMARY HEMATOMYELIA.
Authors: JAMES B. CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Introduction.</h3> —Dr. Pearce Bailey, in his "Diseases Caused by Accident," says: "Traumatic hematomyelia is one of the most interesting of traumatic disorders of the nervous system. In severe general injuries when it occurs as a complicating factor, its individuality is usually lost in the general mutilation. But when it constitutes the chief lesion it very often has distinctive and recognizable symptoms. In its most characteristic form it occurs without any bone injury, being demonstrable during life, and many autopsies have proved that such a lesion in the spinal cord is possible without the integrity of the spinal column being interfered with. This variety, which I have called primary hematomyelia (the word primary indicating that the bleeding results directly from the violence without the intervention of crushing or pressure by bone), is found almost exclusively in the lower cervical and upper thoracic regions,
Women "jurors" are asked how to present risk-benefit ratio of breast cancer screening
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A “citizens’ jury” of 21 women is meeting in London this week to help draft new leaflets that will be provided to women in England who are invited to attend breast cancer screening.

The jury, made up of women of screening age recruited on the streets of London, will help draft a form of words for the leaflets and invitation letters that reflect the findings of the Marmot review of breast cancer screening, which reported last month.1

The existing leaflets have been criticised as failing to strike the right balance between the risks and benefits of screening. The review, chaired by Michael Marmot, director of University College London’s Institute for Health Equity, found that for every life saved by mammographic screening, three women …
Pax3 is required for enteric ganglia formation and functions with Sox10 to modulate expression of c-ret
Authors: Deborah Lang, Fabian Chen, Rita Milewski, Jun Li, Min Min Lu, Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg syndrome are human genetic diseases characterized by distinct neural crest defects. Patients with Hirschsprung disease suffer from gastrointestinal motility disorders, whereas Waardenburg syndrome consists of defective melanocyte function, deafness, and craniofacial abnormalities. Mutations responsible for Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg syndrome have been identified, and some patients have been described with characteristics of both disorders. Here, we demonstrate that PAX3, which is often mutated in Waardenburg syndrome, is required for normal enteric ganglia formation. Pax3 can bind to and activate expression of the c-RET gene, which is often mutated in Hirschsprung disease. Pax3 functions with Sox10 to activate transcription of c-RET, and SOX10 mutations result in Waardenburg-Hirschsprung syndrome. Thus, Pax3, Sox10, and c-Ret are components of a neural crest development pathway, and interruption of this pathway at various stages results in neural crest–related human genetic syndromes.
Abstract 1006: TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) induces NADPH production and growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Emily KY Lam, Vivian WY Lui, Elaine YL Wong, Cecilia PY Lau, Cesar SC Wong, Edwin P Hui, Andrew SK Chan, Sai Wah Tsao, Gordon B Mills, Anthony TC Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is a novel dual regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis regulated by p53. TIGAR was first found to protect normal cells from oxidative stress by inducing cellular production of NADPH, a powerful reducing agent in the cell, via the pentose phosphate shunt. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic head and neck cancer prevalent in Southeast Asia. Our previous studies demonstrated that overexpression of TIGAR rescued NPC cells from growth inhibition induced by c-Met kinase inhibitors and an RNA anti-metabolite (ECyd), suggesting an anti-apoptotic function of TIGAR in NPC. Here, we demonstrated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry that TIGAR was expressed in primary tumor biopsies of NPC. Moreover, NPC cell lines from various differentiation status also expressed TIGAR. Using an Epstein-Barr virus-associated NPC cell line, HONE-1-LMP1 cells, we showed that specific knockdown of TIGAR by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation (∼45%) at 48 hrs. Moreover, TIGAR overexpression markedly increased NPC cell proliferation (&amp;gt;300%), which was accompanied by significant induction of cellular NADPH production (&amp;gt;200%). This indicates that TIGAR-induced generation of NADPH, which is an important building block for major cellular metabolites for proliferation (including DNA, RNA and fatty acids, etc), may be involved in NPC carcinogenesis. Furthermore, TIGAR overexpression induced the expression of a pro-survival protein, Mcl-1 in NPC cells, which supports an anti-apoptotic function of TIGAR in NPC. Our results implicate that TIGAR may confer survival benefits to NPC cells via metabolic alteration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1006
Safety of bevacizumab (BV) plus docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with locally recurrent (LR) or metastatic breast cancer (mBC) who developed brain metastases during the AVADO phase III study.
Authors: LY Dirix, G Romieu, L Provencher, D Grimes, L de Souza Viana, A Paterson, L Mauriac, A Kirsch, S Pernas, DW Miles
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4116 Background: BV (Avastin®) is a monoclonal antibody specific to VEGF. The randomised, double-blind AVADO study has demonstrated that two different BV doses combined with D significantly improved progression-free survival in pts with LR or mBC compared with D + placebo (PL); unstratified hazard ratio (HR) up to 0.72, stratified HR up to 0.61 censored for non-protocol therapy. BV combined with D did not result in increased risk of GI perforations, thromboembolic or bleeding events. Patients with CNS metastases are currently excluded from clinical trials with BV due to a potential risk of haemorrhage. This retrospective analysis investigated the adverse events (AEs) reported in pts who developed brain metastases while participating in the AVADO trial.&amp;#x2028; Methods: The AVADO study compared D 100mg/m2 plus PL with D plus BV at either 7.5 or 15mg/kg in 736 pts with HER2-negative inoperable LR or mBC; no chemotherapy 6 months prior to randomisation (≥12 months if taxane-based); ECOG PS 0–1; adequate LVEF, and no CNS metastases at study entry. D was administered q3w for up to 9 cycles. BV/PL was administered q3w until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.&amp;#x2028; Results: Of the 730 pts in the safety population, a total of 24 pts developed brain metastases at some point during the AVADO trial. There was no difference in number of pts who developed brain metastases between trial arms. The mean time to development of brain metastases was 172 days with PL, 197 days with BV 7.5mg/kg and 242 days with BV 15mg/kg. One patient receiving BV 15mg/kg was diagnosed with brain metastases on Day 1 and excluded from the study. No CNS bleeding AEs were reported for pts with brain metastases and other grade 3–5 AEs in these pts occurred at a similar frequency in all trial arms.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In concordance with the overall toxicity assessment, treatment with BV did not appear to be associated with CNS haemorrhage in pts with brain metastases. Frequency of grade 3–5 AEs was not increased in pts with brain metastases treated with BV compared with those treated with PL. Analysis of a larger dataset may provide further information on the safety of BV therapy in pts with brain metastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4116.
No Effect of Inhaled Budesonide on the Response to Inhaled Ozone in Normal Subjects
Authors: JULIA A. NIGHTINGALE, DUNCAN F. ROGERS, K. FAN CHUNG, PETER J. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Inhalation of ozone in normal subjects causes a neutrophilic inflammatory response in the airways. Pretreatment with inhaled corticosteroids reduces the inflammatory response to inhaled ozone in dogs. We undertook a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study to investigate the effects of 2 wk of treatment with inhaled budesonide 800 microg twice daily or placebo prior to ozone exposure in humans. Fifteen (six male; mean age, 31.1 +/- 2.1 yr) healthy nonsmokers were exposed to 400 parts per billion (ppb) ozone for 2 h with intermittent exercise. Spirometry, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, measurement of methacholine reactivity, and collection of exhaled air condensate and induced sputum samples were performed at baseline, preexposure, and at intervals up to 24 h postexposure. Ozone exposure led to significant decreases in spirometry and increased methacholine reactivity and sputum neutrophils and myeloperoxidase (MPO). There were no changes in exhaled NO and CO levels, or exhaled breath nitrite after ozone exposure. There were no differences in any of the parameters after treatment with budesonide compared with placebo, and no differences in the response to ozone between treatment groups. We conclude that a high dose of inhaled corticosteroid does not protect against the effects of ozone exposure in normal subjects.