tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The immunoglobulin G subclass composition of immune complexes in cystic fibrosis. Implications for the pathogenesis of the Pseudomonas lung lesion.
Authors: D B Hornick, R B Fick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

It has been shown that pulmonary macrophage (PM) phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is inhibited in the presence of serum from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonized by Pseudomonas, and that these sera contain high concentrations of IgG2 antibodies. The goal of these studies was to investigate the role that IgG2-containing immune complexes (IC) play in this inhibition of both PM and neutrophil phagocytosis. We found that serum IgG2 concentrations were elevated significantly in CF patients with chronic PA colonization and that in selected sera from CF patients with chronic PA colonization (CF + IC, n = 10), the mean IC level was significantly elevated (2.90 +/- 0.22 mg/dl [SEM]). IgG2 comprised 74.5% of IgG precipitated in IC from CF + IC sera. An invitro phagocytic assay of [14C]PA uptake using CF + IC whole-sera opsonins confirmed that endocytosis by normal PM and neutrophils was significantly depressed. Removal of IC from CF + IC sera resulted in significantly decreased serum IgG2 concentrations without a significant change in the other subclass concentrations, and enhanced [14C]PA uptake by PM (26.6% uptake increased to 47.3%) and neutrophils (16.9% increased to 52.6%). Return of the soluble IgG2 IC to the original CF sera supernatants and the positive control sera resulted in return of the inhibitory capacity of the CF + IC sera. We conclude that immune sera from patients with chronic Pseudomonas infections characterized by elevated IgG2 subclass level functions poorly as an opsonin. In these individuals, IgG2 contributes significantly to circulating IC and removal of IC, matched by a simultaneous fall in IgG2, improves bacterial uptake by neutrophil and mononuclear phagocytes. IgG2 antibodies exert antiphagocytic effects by both direct inhibition and the formation of IC.
Graduated Patient Responsibility
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I found it difficult to believe that the "Graduated Patient Responsibility" approach described by Grace et al (231-351,1975) is really "designed to foster a maximum learning experience for the physician." Having taught at all levels for many years, I am fully in favor of careful supervision in all cases, but this need gradually decreases as knowledge and experience increases. Eventually, supervision becomes somewhat more involved with complex or difficult case problems. In my opinion, the psychological key to Graduated Physician Responsibility is represented by an increasing assignment and full designation for minor and even major decisions as the physician's capacity warrants. The realization that in every case one's orders or decision will be "screened immediately" by one above oneself, and in a few hours by one above him, and the next morning by the chief of medicine and the attending physician, with the latter then to be
Abnormal properties of red blood cells suggest a role in the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease
Authors: Melanie Franco, Emmanuel Collec, Philippe Connes, Emile van den Akker, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Nadia Belmatoug, Marieke von Lindern, Nejma Ameziane, Olivier Hermine, Yves Colin, Caroline Le Van Kim, Cyril Mignot
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prematurity and Later Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Saroj Saigal, David L. Streiner
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Strategies in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: Identification of Tumor Drivers to Personalize Therapy
Authors: Kathryn A. Gold, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Edward S. Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer has been improving, with personalized treatment increasingly becoming a reality in the clinic. Unfortunately, these advances have largely been confined to the treatment of adenocarcinomas. Treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung have lagged behind, partly because of a lack of understanding of the oncogenes driving SCC. Cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be the only treatment option for many of our patients, and no genetic tests are clinically useful for patients with SCC. Recent advances in basic science have identified mutations and alterations in protein expression frequently found in SCCs, and clinical trials are ongoing to target these changes.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for hematemesis in a patient aged 117 years
Authors: N. Drid, R. Groussel, K. Belhocine, A. Salah, A. Oussalah
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most important emergency in gastroenterology [1]. The number of people surviving to advanced age is increasing and more than 1 % of the population aged 80 years or older are hospitalized each year for gastrointestinal bleeding [2]. We report a case of an Algerian man born in 1893 ([Fig. 1]) who was admitted to our hospital with hematemesis.
Patterns of Brain Activation in People at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Susan Y. Bookheimer, Magdalena H. Strojwas, Mark S. Cohen, Ann M. Saunders, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, John C. Mazziotta, Gary W. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the chief known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia late in life. To determine the relation between brain responses to tasks requiring memory and the genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease, we performed APOE genotyping and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in older persons with intact cognition.We studied 30 subjects (age, 47 to 82 years) who were neurologically normal, of whom 16 were carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele and 14 were homozygous for the APOE epsilon3 allele. The mean age and level of education were similar in the two groups. Patterns of brain activation during functional MRI scanning were determined while subjects memorized and recalled unrelated pairs of words and while subjects rested between such periods. Memory was reassessed in 14 subjects two years later.Both the magnitude and the extent of brain activation during memory-activation tasks in regions affected by Alzheimer's disease, including the left hippocampal, parietal, and prefrontal regions, were greater among the carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele than among the carriers of the APOE epsilon3 allele. During periods of recall, the carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele had a greater average increase in signal intensity in the hippocampal region (1.03 percent vs. 0.62 percent, P<0.001) and a greater mean (+/-SD) number of activated regions throughout the brain (15.9+/-6.2 vs. 9.4+/-5.5, P=0.005) than did carriers of the APOE epsilon3 allele. Longitudinal assessment after two years indicated that the degree of base-line brain activation correlated with degree of decline in memory.Patterns of brain activation during tasks requiring memory differ depending on the genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and may predict a subsequent decline in memory.
PRELIMINARY REPORT OF ANTERIOR TRANSPLANTATION OF THE ROUND LIGAMENTS FOR DISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: ALEX. HUGH FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The patient is prepared for a laparotomy in the following routine way: The day previous to the operation the bowels are well emptied by means of small repeated doses of calomel, or better still, by castor-oil. Sulphate of strychnia, 1-30 gr., is given every three hours. The patient is given a bath, and the skin of the abdomen thoroughly cleansed with soap and water and alcohol. The pubes and external genitals are shaved and cleansed in the same way as the abdomen. <h3>Operation.</h3> —The patient is put under the influence of ether and placed on the table. The skin of the abdomen is well cleansed with soap and water and a brush; then washed with alcohol, and then with a solution of bichlorid of mercury. The genitals and vagina are treated in the same way. The patient is now placed in the extra-lithotomy position with the thighs well flexed on
Biosafety lapses prompt US CDC to shut labs and launch review
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A spate of safety breaches in its laboratories that handle deadly pathogens has prompted the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to halt work in two laboratories and launch an organization-wide review of its biosafety practices, the CDC director, Tom Frieden, announced on 11 July.

“These events should never have happened,” Frieden said in a teleconference with reporters. “I’m disappointed by what happened, and frankly, I’m angry about it.”

In one incident, 67 CDC staff were potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis , the bacterium that causes anthrax, when a protein extract from an anthrax sample was transferred from the CDC’s Bioterrorism Rapid Response and Advanced Technology biosafety level (BSL) 3 laboratory to a BSL 2 laboratory without assuring that the extract did not contain viable cells and spores. The method for sterilizing the material before transfer was sufficient to inactivate vegetative cells but not the hardier anthrax spores, the CDC said.

A review of the incident also released on 11 July determined that it was “not impossible” but “extremely unlikely” that staff had been exposed, the CDC said, and so far none had become …
Host Determinants of Response to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Louis Weinstein, A. Condon Dalton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE enthusiasm for definition of the etiology of an infection and for selection of the most effective antimicrobial agent often leads to inadequate consideration of the host, the battleground for the clash between the invading organism and the anti-infective compound. The emphasis is placed on the "bug" and the "drug," and little or no attention paid to what may be an important role of factors operating in the patient, other than those directly related to the infectious process, in conditioning the response to therapy. Although the infection itself determines to a great degree the kind of treatment to be employed, . . .
Changing socioeconomic determinants of childhood vaccines: a global analysis over three decades
Authors: Alexandre de Figueiredo, Iain Johnston, David M D Smith, Heidi J Larson, Nick Jones
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundVaccine-preventable diseases cause important health, societal, and economic burdens worldwide. Although modern vaccines are highly efficacious, incomplete coverage results in preventable illness and death in both the developing and developed world. Identifying factors that may modulate coverage and understanding the vulnerability of immunisation programmes to dips in coverage levels are important for informing effective programmes and policies.MethodsWe perform a large-scale correlative study to establish socioeconomic correlates of vaccine coverage. We analyse data from 178 countries and 259 socioeconomic and demographic factors across the six WHO-defined geographical regions, identifying those with the strongest correlation with coverage over 31 years (1980–2010) and over the most recent decade (2001–10) in each region. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccination coverage was chosen as the focus as DTP3 is a common marker for immunisation coverage in the relevant literature. We fit Gaussian processes to vaccine coverage time-series and use predictive distributions over future coverage values to obtain a vaccine performance index which weighs the likelihood of high coverage against the chances of a large drop.FindingsOverall vaccine coverage has increased in all regions of the world over the past three decades, with marked variation in volatility and trends. Socioeconomic links to vaccine coverage are weakening worldwide. There are exceptions to this trend, including female education in the Middle East. Socioeconomic correlations with vaccine coverage are generally low in Europe, suggesting pockets of low coverage are more driven by intentional undervaccination or non-vaccination due to low vaccine confidence or alternative health beliefs rather than access issues.InterpretationUnderstanding the drivers of vaccine acceptance to inform programmes and policies is challenging given regional variations. Review of historical trends and volatility in vaccination rates can aid policy makers' assessment of the strength and resilience of immunisation programmes. We see a marked improvement over the past decade across the globe providing evidence for higher, less volatile coverage; however, we identify key regions which are struggling to achieve high and steady coverage, notably in sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia, as well as some European countries where vaccine confidence has recently suffered. We believe that a vaccine performance index based on data that are routinely collected and available for most countries and patterns overtime can offer important support for immunisation programmes and policies which is complementary to survey metrics to investigate more volatile vaccine confidence issues.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, EPSRC, MRC.
Queries and Minor Notes.
Authors: J. L. Carson
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The Health of London.The report of Dr. S. F. Murphy, health Officer to the county council for 1902, has just been issued.A most grati¬ fying feature of the report is that, thanks to the untiring efforts of the Public Health Committee, London becomes more healthy year by year.The death rate for 1902 Avas only 17.2 per 1,000-the loAvest on record except that for 1901, Avhich was 17.1.The birth rate continues to steadily decrease, that for 1902 being 28.5-the loAvest on record.The Duration of Life After Fatal Injuries.San Francisco, Feb. 20, 1904.To the Editor:\p=m-\Thequestion as to how long a patient may live after the reception of necessarily fatal injuries is just now the subject of judicial inquiry in the noted Fair case.In this particular trial the point at issue is whether Charles Fair or his wife lived the longer after receiving the severe injuries to the head that were disclosed by the autopsy.So far as gross lesions are concerned it would appear that Mrs.Fair's injuries were the more severe, the frontal bone being crushed and brain tissue lost.On this ground one of the medical witnesses very confidently asserted that Mrs. Fair must have died first.Apart from the fact that vital resist- ance is an unknown quantity in any given case, and that some
Antithrombotic Therapy To Prevent Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Robert G. Hart, Oscar Benavente, Ruth McBride, Lesly A. Pearce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

To characterize the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.Randomized trials identified by using the search strategy developed by the Cochrane Collaboration Stroke Review Group.All published randomized trials testing antithrombotic agents to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.Data on interventions, number of participants, duration of exposure and occurrence of all stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), major extracranial bleeding, and death were extracted independently by two investigators.Sixteen trials included a total of 9874 participants (mean follow-up, 1.7 years). Adjusted-dose warfarin (six trials, 2900 participants) reduced stroke by 62% (95% CI, 48% to 72%); absolute risk reductions were 2.7% per year for primary prevention and 8.4% per year for secondary prevention. Major extracranial bleeding was increased by warfarin therapy (absolute risk increase, 0.3% per year). Aspirin (six trials, 3119 participants) reduced stroke by 22% (CI, 2% to 38%); absolute risk reductions were 1.5% per year for primary prevention and 2.5% per year for secondary prevention. Adjusted-dose warfarin (five trials, 2837 participants) was more efficacious than aspirin (relative risk reduction, 36% [CI, 14% to 52%]). Other randomized comparisons yielded inconclusive results.Adjusted-dose warfarin and aspirin reduce stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and warfarin is substantially more efficacious than aspirin. The benefit of antithrombotic therapy was not offset by the occurrence of major hemorrhage among participants in randomized trials. Judicious use of antithrombotic therapy, tailored according to the inherent risk for stroke, importantly reduces stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Congenital brachydactyly and nail hypoplasia: clue to bone-dependent nail formation
Authors: C.S. Seitz, H. Hamm
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Congenital hyponychia and anonychia are rare malformations which may form part of syndromes such as nail–patella syndrome, ectodermal dysplasias and brachydactylies, or may occur as an isolated finding. Congenital hyponychia and anonychia are frequently accompanied by underlying skeletal abnormalities. A 20‐year‐old woman showed congenital bilateral hypoplasia or aplasia of the second, third and fourth toenails with corresponding phalanx dysplasia or aplasia of the affected toes. Malformations of the hands or other congenital defects were absent. The findings in this patient do not exactly fit any known entities. Our clinical observation prompted us to review the literature on congenital hyponychia/anonychia and to summarize recent advances in understanding molecular events in nail development. In conclusion, the association of nail anomalies with aplasia and/or hypoplasia of corresponding middle and/or distal phalanges supports the hypothesis of bone‐dependent nail formation.
Family Characteristics of Obsessive Children
Authors: PAUL L. ADAMS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A sociopsychiatric study of 30 obsessive children and their parents found them not to be at all deviant from the norms of middle-class, white Anglo-Saxon Protestant North America. Both demographically and attitudinally, they conformed to these norms and ideals. The parents seemed to have as "virtues" traits that were similar to the children's symptoms.
Precursor Diversity and Complexity of Lineage Relationships in the Outer Subventricular Zone of the Primate
Authors: Marion Betizeau, Veronique Cortay, Dorothée Patti, Sabina Pfister, Elodie Gautier, Angèle Bellemin-Ménard, Marielle Afanassieff, Cyril Huissoud, Rodney J. Douglas, Henry Kennedy, Colette Dehay
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Activity-Mediated AMPA Receptor Remodeling, Driven by Alternative Splicing in the Ligand-Binding Domain
Authors: Andrew C. Penn, Ales Balik, Christian Wozny, Ondrej Cais, Ingo H. Greger
Journal: Neuron (2012)

SummaryThe AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) subunit composition shapes synaptic transmission and varies throughout development and in response to different input patterns. Here, we show that chronic activity deprivation gives rise to synaptic AMPAR responses with enhanced fidelity. Extrasynaptic AMPARs exhibited changes in kinetics and pharmacology associated with splicing of the alternative flip/flop exons. AMPAR mRNA indeed exhibited reprogramming of the flip/flop exons for GluA1 and GluA2 subunits in response to activity, selectively in the CA1 subfield. However, the functional changes did not directly correlate with the mRNA expression profiles but result from altered assembly of GluA1/GluA2 subunit splice variants, uncovering an additional regulatory role for flip/flop splicing in excitatory signaling. Our results suggest that activity-dependent AMPAR remodeling underlies changes in short-term synaptic plasticity and provides a mechanism for neuronal homeostasis.Highlights•Homeostatic mechanism intrinsic to the AMPA receptor•Circuitry-selective activity-driven alternative AMPA receptor splicing•Neuronal homeostasis via AMPA receptor short-term plasticity in CA1•Functional capacity for flip/flop splicing in excitatory signaling
Endocrine and metabolic studies in unstable cor pulmonale.
Authors: P D Semple, W S Watson, G H Beastall, R Hume
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and dihydro-epiandrosterone concentrations rose significantly in seven men studied during recovery from a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease. Urinary 17-ketosteroids also rose significantly though serum androstenedione and prolactin concentrations did not. Our findings suggest that hypoxia in this condition suppresses the hypothalamus or pituitary or both and that such suppression is reversible. In view of previous reports of increase in total body potassium and intracellular water with recovery from cor pulmonale, we also carried out metabolic studies on our patients. Low body potassium concentrations in cor pulmonale fell further with recovery, in part reflecting a fall in lean body tissue. Intracellular water appeared to increase on recovery despite a fall in other lean body mass indices (the simplest and most reliable being skinfold thickness). We suspect this result to be spurious and due to problems with equilibration in isotope dilution. Alternatively it may reflect waterlogging of cells. A false figure for intracellular water could be responsible for an unexpectedly low estimated intracellular potassium concentration on recovery. Our results cast doubt on isotope dilution methods for measuring body water compartments in disease states likely to cause changes in cell permeability.
TCT-781 TRANSAPICAL TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION WITHOUT PRIOR BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY - FEASIBLE AND SAFE
Authors: Lenard Conradi, Moritz Seiffert, Johannes Schirmer, Renate Schnabel, Dietmar Koschyk, Stefan Blankenberg, Hermann Reichenspurner, Patrick Diemert, Hendrik Treede
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Electroencephalographic Or Biologic Survival
Authors: Lothar H. Hussman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have some doubts that electroencephalographic tracings always tell the exact truth about the viability of the brain. It seems possible that portions of the recordings obtained after pupillary fixation are due to artifacts. The thought of spurious effects comes to mind after reading about EEGs obtained from cat brain stored for more than a month at below zero temperatures. Recent advances in technology concerning remnant electric effects point in the same direction. Many briefly electrified biological substances display long-lasting electrical "excitability" which persists even after short-circuiting and extended periods of storage. In view of these observations we may wish to reevaluate the present medical consensus that the "flat" EEG is the only reliable proof of brain death and, conversely, that all electrocortical activity is a sign of life. Such study may improve the understanding of the terminal phenomena of life and lessen the extraordinary measures to