tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of soluble proteins in lung secretions.
Authors: R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Measurement of soluble proteins in lung secretionsIn performing its role as a gas exchanging organ the human lung constantly exposes a large surface area to the atmosphere, which contains particulate and chemical material either environmental in origin or self administered.There are several surface defences, however, that protect the lung from these potentially toxic substances; these include phagocytic cells, mucus, ciliated epithelium, and proteins such as the immunoglobulins and proteinase inhibitors.For most people this protective "screen" enables lung function and architecture to be preserved throughout life.A small proportion of the popula- tion, however, develop symptomatic and destruc- tive, sometimes fatal, lung diseases.The events which result in failure of the normal protective mechanisms within the lung are largely unknown.Although the "accessibility" exposes the lung to environmental hazards, it also offers the unique opportunity to study events where the exposure takes place, at the lung air interface.With the advent of fibreoptic bronchoscopy it became poss- ible to obtain secretions and cells directly from the surface of the lung, where the defence systems are active.The application of modern research techni- ques in biochemistry, immunology, and cellular biology has enabled a closer study of the immediate environment of the lung to be made in both health and disease.Potentially this form of research could provide new insight into the specific defects in the protective screen responsible for the susceptibility of individu- als to the development of disease.It might become possible to identify those individuals in the population who are most at risk from lung disease and to provide information necessary for more rational and specific approaches to prevention and cure.'Despite all this promise and the rapidly expanding literature on all aspects of pulmonary defence there remains uncertainty about the interpretation of results obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.This is particularly true of the study of proteins in lung secretions and is the consequence of many things, including lack of information concern-
Role of the forkhead protein FoxO1 in cell compensation to insulin resistance
Authors: Haruka Okamoto, Marta Letizia Hribal, Hua V Lin, William R Bennett, Andrew Ward, Domenico Accili
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Diabetes is associated with defective beta cell function and altered beta cell mass. The mechanisms regulating beta cell mass and its adaptation to insulin resistance are unknown. It is unclear whether compensatory beta cell hyperplasia is achieved via proliferation of existing beta cells or neogenesis from progenitor cells embedded in duct epithelia. We have used transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of the forkhead-O1 transcription factor (FoxO1) in both pancreatic ductal and endocrine beta cells to assess the contribution of these 2 compartments to islet expansion. We show that the mutant FoxO1 transgene prevents beta cell replication in 2 models of beta cell hyperplasia, 1 due to peripheral insulin resistance (Insulin receptor transgenic knockouts) and 1 due to ectopic local expression of IGF2 (Elastase-IGF2 transgenics), without affecting insulin secretion. In contrast, we failed to detect a specific effect of the FoxO1 transgene on the number of periductal beta cells. We propose that beta cell compensation to insulin resistance is a proliferative response of existing beta cells to growth factor signaling and requires FoxO1 nuclear exclusion.
Correction: Incorrect Incidence Rate and Omitted Author
Authors: B. Honigman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections15 April 1994Correction: Incorrect Incidence Rate and Omitted AuthorFREEB. Honigman, M. K. Theis, J. Koziol-McLain, R. Roach, P. Pearce, and R. YipB. HonigmanSearch for more papers by this author, M. K. TheisSearch for more papers by this author, J. Koziol-McLainSearch for more papers by this author, R. RoachSearch for more papers by this author, P. PearceSearch for more papers by this author, and R. YipSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00034 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An incorrect incidence rate was given in a recent article [1] on acute mountain sickness (page 590, paragraph 2). The incidence of acute mountain sickness attributed to the the study by Dean and coworkers should be 42%, not 25%. Also, the name of Patricia Pearce, MBA, should be added to the list of authors.REFERENCE1. Honigman B, Theis MK, Koziol-McLain J, Roach R, Pearce P, Yip R, et al. Acute mountain sickness in a general tourist population at moderate altitudes. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:587-92. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: B. Honigman; M. K. Theis; J. Koziol-McLain; R. Roach; P. Pearce; R. Yip PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 698KeywordsAltitude sickness ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cost-effectiveness of a Coronary Care Unit Versus an Intermediate Care Unit for Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Anna N.A. Tosteson, Lee Goldman, I. Steven Udvarhelyi, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Guidelines are not available for which patients with acute chest pain should be admitted to the coronary care unit and which patients can be reasonably triaged to monitored beds in lower levels of care. Methods and Results Clinical and resource utilization data from 12 139 emergency department patients with acute chest pain were used in a decision-analytic model to identify cost-effective guidelines for the admission to a coronary care unit versus an intermediate care unit for initially uncomplicated patients without other indications for intensive care. The probability of clinical complications and death were derived from data on age-specific subsets of the population. Resource utilization estimates were based on cost data from a subset of 901 patients and length of stay data for the entire cohort. The survival benefit associated with initial triage to the coronary care unit instead of an intermediate care unit was assumed to be 15%. In the baseline analysis for 55- to 64-year-old patients, the probability of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at which the coronary care unit had an incremental cost-effectiveness below $50 000 per year-of-life-saved was 29%. Triage to the coronary care unit was somewhat more cost-effective in elderly patients because their higher early complication rate more than offset their shorter life expectancy. Conclusions This analysis indicates that the coronary care unit usually should be reserved for patients with a moderate (21% or more, depending on the patient's age) probability of AMI unless patients need intensive care for other reasons. Clinical data suggest that only patients with ECG changes of ischemia or infarction not known to be old have a probability of AMI this high. Intermediate care units are appropriate for patients whose risks are not high enough for a coronary care unit to be cost-effective but too high for other alternatives to be recommended for safety and effectiveness.
Dietary Supplementation With Marine Fish Oil Improves In Vitro Small Artery Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: Grahame K. Goode, Susana Garcia, Anthony M. Heagerty
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Marine fish oils improve vascular function, but the mechanism of benefit is unclear. We conducted a study to examine the effects of fish oils given to hypercholesterolemic patients on small artery function in vitro. Methods and Results In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsies were taken from 16 hypercholesterolemic patients (serum total cholesterol, 7.97±0.16 mmol/L [mean±SEM]) and 12 age- and sex-matched control subjects (mean cholesterol, 5.11±0.34 mmol/L). Small arteries were mounted on a wire myograph for isometric tension experiments. Patients and control subjects were randomized to receive fish oil (Maxepa 5 capsules BID) or placebo for 3 months. A second biopsy was taken and the studies were repeated. Relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly improved in the hypercholesterolemic group given Maxepa but not in the placebo group (mean maximum relaxation before and after, 48±6.2% and 68.83±2.19%, P =.0054). The dysfunction was not restored to control values (84.3±5.2%, P =.0002). There was also a smaller but significant impairment in endothelium-independent relaxation provoked by sodium nitroprusside ( P &lt;.01). A good correlation between the increase in eicosapentanoic acid (n=3) in red cell membrane and improvement in relaxation in the hypercholesterolemic group given fish oils was seen ( r =.781, P &lt;.02). Conclusions Marine fish oil significantly improved endothelial function in peripheral small arteries in hypercholesterolemia patients. This may provide a mechanism for the beneficial effects of these fatty acids in coronary heart disease.
Surgical, Bacteriological, and Biochemical Management of "Infection Stones"
Authors: Norman J. Nemoy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In patients with infection  urea-splitting bacteria reside within the stones, protected from the action of antimicrobial agents. To achieve complete eradication of residual macroscopic particles, surgical removal is followed by renal irrigation with a multivalent, buffered organic acid solution while a bacteriologically sterile urine is maintained. In 14 consecutive cases followed for an average of 34 months, stones have not recurred. Antibacterial therapy was stopped in all patients within two to four weeks of discharge following surgery; only one patient, a paraplegic with an indwelling catheter, has had a urinary tract infection.
Interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis C in haemophiliacs.
Authors: M Makris, F E Preston, D R Triger, J C Underwood, L Westlake, M I Adelman
Journal: Gut (1993)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in haemophilia. Recombinant interferon alfa-2b was used in a randomised controlled liver biopsy trial to treat haemophiliacs with chronic HCV. All 18 patients entered had antibodies to HCV. During the first year of the study, 10 patients were randomised on the basis of histology to receive interferon alfa-2b, 3 million units subcutaneously, thrice weekly and eight to receive no treatment (control group). After 12 months, all patients had a second liver biopsy and the control group patients were offered interferon at the same dosage but for only six months. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity had returned to normal in four of 10 patients treated for one year and five of six patients treated for six months, compared with none of the eight patients in the control group (p &lt; 0.01). Although the histological scores of the two groups were similar at entry into the study, after one year the biopsy specimens in the treated group showed significant improvement compared with controls (p &lt; 0.01). It is concluded that interferon alfa-2b is effective in returning ALT values to normal and improving liver histology in at least 50% of patients treated.
Transformation of Health Care in China
Authors: William C. Hsiao
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

As a result of general economic reforms in 1980, the Chinese rural health-care system is undergoing rapid transformation. Ironically, modernization has inadvertently caused a once viable model health system to crumble. The cooperative medical system with barefoot doctors as its mainstay is being washed away on the tides of economic change. Several new arrangements are evolving out of the previous system.This article examines the evolving Chinese cooperative medical system, with the intention of garnering some valuable lessons for the Third World as well as for industrialized countries. The changes taking place in the Chinese health system were not planned. . . .
467 IMPACT OF AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPK) ON THE CONTROL OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS) ACTIVATION IN VITRO
Authors: A. da Silva Morais, J. Abarca-Quinones, L. Hue, B. Viollet, Y. Horsmans, I.A. Leclercq
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The jury is still out
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has now been identified in four farmers and two adolescents in Britain, where its bovine spongiform counterpart has been epidemic for the past several years. Is there a connection? This question is being discussed by many different groups according to pre-existing biases and professional goals, as might be expected for so controversial and potentially explosive a topic. The media has in the main sounded alarm bells because its goal is to produce an exciting story; the government has taken a low key, cautious approach because its goal is to prevent unwarranted panic; and medical science has been somewhat unpredictably divided in its evaluation, depending at least in part on individuals' distaste or flair for publicity.

In fact, no one can …
RCGP calls for withdrawal of health bill despite 137 new amendments
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Royal College of General Practitioners has written to the prime minister calling for the complete withdrawal of the Health and Social Care Bill despite a further 137 amendments to the legislation.

The college says it remains concerned that the bill will cause irreparable damage to the care of patients “and ultimately bring about the demise of a unified, national health service” in England.

The latest of three surveys carried out by the college in January found that more than 90% of respondents strongly supported or supported the college in calling for the bill’s withdrawal ( BMJ 2012;344:e391, 13 Jan, doi:10.1136/bmj.e391). However, the college held off calling for the bill’s withdrawal immediately, waiting instead to see how the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, responded to the repeated concerns from the college. The subsequent responses from the health minister Earl Howe and Mr Lansley, together with the latest amendments, prompted the college’s decision.

Dr Gerada said, “This decision …
Brescia-Cimino shunts.
Authors: Y. K. Seedat
Journal: BMJ (1968)

predisposed subject in response to trauma of the skin.It grows outwards to a very large size in time and may become pedunculated.Hypertrophic scars in contrast are seldom of uniform consistency unless very small, may have hypovascular areas, may contract in parts, and do not form large lumps.It is these that may be provoked by -wrongly placed incisions or infection or skin loss as described by your leader writer.In general they are more amenable to surgery and radiotherapy.-Iam, etc.,
Improved gene delivery to B lymphocytes using a modified adenovirus vector targeting CD21
Authors: Laurent Mailly, Laurence Renaut, Sophie Rogée, Elodie Grellier, Jean-Claude D'Halluin, Morvane Colin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene transfer by adenoviruses, which are widely used for gene therapy, may provide an alternative approach to treatment of several hematopoietic malignancies. However, a major limitation of adenovirus 5-based gene therapy lies in the natural tropism of the virus for the widely expressed hCAR receptor. The efficacy of adenoviral vectors could be improved if viral vectors that exhibit tissue-specific gene delivery were developed. For efficient gene transfer it is essential that every step from binding of virus to target cells to transgene expression is successfully accomplished. We developed a specific vector targeting the CD21 receptor, by inserting a CD21 binding sequence, derived from the EBV GP350/220 protein, into the HI loop of the HAdV5 fiber protein. This vector, HAdV5-CD21HIloop, binds specifically to CD21-positive cells and results in enhanced expression of the transgene in these cells and reduced expression in CD21-negative cells. Viral infection is highly correlated with the presence of CD21 receptors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HAdV5-CD21HIloop is able to transduce CD21-positive cells specifically with reduced infection of nontarget cells. This is the result of the maintenance of the intracellular trafficking of the genetically modified adenovirus without vesicular retention, leading to enhanced nuclear transfer.
Clinical course and prognostic factors of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: E. Güler-Nizam, U. Leiter, G. Metzler, H. Breuninger, C. Garbe, T.K. Eigentler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin first described by Toker as 'trabecular carcinoma of the skin' in 1972. To date, the origin of the tumour cells still remains unclear.The present study analyses prognostic factors of MCC.The medical records of 57 patients with MCC treated between 1988 and 2006 at the Department of Dermatology in Tübingen were reviewed.We identified 26 (45.6%) male and 31 (54.4%) female patients with MCC; the age at diagnosis ranged from 26 to 97 years (median 71 years). Primary tumours were located mainly on the head and neck areas (27 cases, 47.4%) and upper extremities (14 cases, 24.6%); 11 tumours were found on the lower extremities (19.3%) and four lesions on the chest (7%); one patient had an unknown primary location. Forty-five (78.9%) patients were diagnosed at stage I of the disease, 11 (19.3%) at stage II, and one patient (1.8%) at stage III at initial presentation. Stage of the disease and age at initial presentation were statistically significant with regard to overall (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0327) and tumour-specific survival (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0156). Use of the Cox regression model revealed initial stage of the disease as the only significant factor in the multivariate analysis. Radiotherapy applied promptly after excision of the primary tumour extended the time to progression significantly (P = 0.0376) but did not prolong overall or tumour-specific survival. Other parameters such as sex, site of tumour, sentinel node biopsy, excision margins, skin and noncutaneous malignancies were found to be not significant.Currently, early recognition of the disease seems to be the only method of ensuring overall survival. However, evidence-based treatment modalities are still urgently needed.
Improvement of ventilator-induced lung injury by IPS cell-derived conditioned medium via inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway and IP-10-dependent paracrine regulation
Authors: Li-Fu Li, Yung-Yang Liu, Cheng-Ta Yang, Yueh Chien, Nae-Fang Twu, Mong-Lien Wang, Chien-Ying Wang, Chung-Chi Huang, Kuo-Chin Kao, Han-Shui Hsu, Cheng-Wen Wu, Shih-Hwa Chiou
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Evidence for position effects as a variantETV6-mediated leukemogenic mechanism in myeloid leukemias with a t(4;12)(q11-q12;p13) or t(5;12)(q31;p13)
Authors: Jan Cools, Nicole Mentens, Maria D. Odero, Pieter Peeters, Iwona Wlodarska, Michel Delforge, Anne Hagemeijer, Peter Marynen
Journal: Blood (2002)
Diffuse Umbilicated Vesicles in a Critically Ill Child
Authors: Laura Chang, David Cassarino, Valentina Sosa
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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Uncertainties in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hossein A. Ghofrani, Martin W. Wilkins, Stuart Rich
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The availability of new treatments for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension has increased awareness and interest in the medical community for pulmonary vascular diseases in general. Many uncertainties exist, however, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension that are particularly pertinent for the management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with underlying diseases. This review highlights controversial issues around the definition and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, the interpretation of hemodynamic variables, and the interpretation of clinical responsiveness to chronic therapies. In addition, we propose guidelines applicable to the conduct of new therapeutic trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension, which aim to provide greater confidence in the efficacy and safety of new treatments currently under development.
Preimplantation Genetic Screening in Older Mothers
Authors: John A. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, first described in 1990,1 involves removing one or two cells from an embryo for genetic testing in order to prevent transmission of genetic disorders from a parent who is known to carry a genetic abnormality. Genetic tests are done on the third day after in vitro fertilization (IVF), when the embryos are at the eight-cell stage of development; only embryos without specific genetic traits are transferred to the mother a day or two later. The procedures involved are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for known single-gene defects or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify chromosomal abnormalities. Of . . .
Effect of implementation of safety measures in tae kwon do competition
Authors: D T Burke, K Barfoot, S Bryant, J C Schneider, H J Kim, G Levin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Previous reviews of tae kwon do (TKD) tournaments have documented injury rates of 25/1000 to 12.7/100 athlete exposures. Most injuries have been reported to be to the head and the neck and are occasionally very serious. Many of these studies involved high level TKD competitions with minimal safety precautions. Recently, safety measures have been implemented in many TKD competitions.To evaluate retrospectively the incidence of injuries in TKD competitions involving a wide range of participants and featuring extensive safety precautions.A total of 2498 participants ranged in age from 18 to 66, included both men and women, and ranged in rank from yellow to black belt. Traumas, defined as any event requiring interaction with medical staff, were documented with respect to mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up recommendations. An injury was defined as a trauma that prevented a contestant from resuming competition on the day that the trauma occurred, according to National Collegiate Athletic Association criteria.The injury rate was 0.4/1000 athlete exposures. This is lower than reported in previous studies of TKD tournaments and in many other sports.TKD tournaments that emphasise limited contact, protective equipment, and medical supervision are relatively safe and compare favourably with other sports.