tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Use of the Disease Concept
Authors: Joseph D. Sapira
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Six measures were used to assay the degree to which physicians endorsed the disease concept in their practice of ambulatory medicine. For each measure, two series of data were generated: one for patients receiving antihypertensive medication and one for patients receiving psychotropic medication. The disease concept was endorsed by only four of six measures for the patients receiving antihypertensive medication, and it was not endorsed by any of the six measures when patients receiving psychotropic medications were studied. Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that the disease concept is not generally endorsed by physicians. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1634-1637, 1978)
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma at atypical locations may be associated with increased numbers of large cells and a diffuse histologic component
Authors: David T. Yang, Cherie H. Dunphy, Sheryl R. Tripp, Anand S. Lagoo, Sherrie L. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) typically affects predictable lymph node groups with excellent treatment outcomes, but cases with a diffuse histologic pattern are associated with recurrence and rarely, cases will transform to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Although increased numbers of large cells has not been associated with poor prognosis, transformation is thought to histologically progress through a stage distinguished by increasing numbers of large atypical B-cells. From 55 cases of NLPHL, we describe a possible subset of NLPHL occurring in older individuals at atypical sites, associated with increased numbers of large cells, a diffuse histologic component, and expression of Bcl-2.
Anaphylaxis to cow's milk formula containing short-chain galacto-oligosaccharide
Authors: Wen Chin Chiang, Chiung-Hui Huang, Genevieve V. Llanora, Irvin Gerez, Si Hui Goh, Lynette P.C. Shek, Alma J. Nauta, Wilhelmina A. Van Doorn, Jacques Bindels, Laurien H. Ulfman, Karen Knipping, Dianne J. Delsing, Edward F. Knol, Bee Wah Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Cancer drugs: swallowing big pharma's line?
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Faecal metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole concentrations measured by high pressure liquid chromatography are reported during 10 episodes of Clostridium difficile colitis in nine patients. Bactericidal faecal concentrations were present in all patients with acute disease receiving oral or intravenous metronidazole, and all responded to therapy. Metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole concentrations fell as the diarrhoea improved and neither substance was detectable in the faeces of five patients after recovery. This demonstration of intracolonic therapeutic concentrations of metronidazole supports the clinical experience of oral metronidazole being effective in the treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhoea caused by C difficile and also suggests a potential role for intravenous metronidazole in this disease.
Systemic Vasoconstrictor and Renal Vasodilator Effects of PLV-2 (Octapressin) in Man
Authors: JAY N. COHN, FELIX E. TRISTANI, IBRAHIM M. KHATRI
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of PLV-2 (octapressin) were studied in patients with hypotension or decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. Low doses (0.004 to 0.02 units/min) increased renal blood flow (indicator-dilution technique), reduced renal vascular resistance, and produced a slight increase in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Higher doses (0.1 to 0.5 units/min) produced a sharp increase in arterial pressure and systemic resistance while renal resistance increased moderately and renal blood flow usually was maintained above control levels. Renal fraction was increased at all dose levels. The increased renal blood flow was accompanied by more rapid intrarenal dye transit time and slight increase in renal extraction ratio of paraaminohippurate suggesting a rise in cortical blood flow. It is concluded that PLV-2 in small doses produces renal vasodilatation and in larger doses preferential extra-renal vasoconstriction resulting in redistribution of blood flow to the kidney.
The Development of Clinical Research in a Psychiatric Institution
Authors: Atle Roness
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

The author describes the development of the research activity at a psychiatric clinic near Oslo, Modum Bads Nervesanatorium, a psychotherapeutic-oriented institution treating patients with neuroses, substance abuse and character disorders. In 1985 an institute for clinical research was built as an independent unit within the hospital, and the influence of its activities upon the treatment is described in the article.
Cells enriched in markers of neural tissue-committed stem cells reside in the bone marrow and are mobilized into the peripheral blood following stroke
Authors: M Kucia, Y P Zhang, R Reca, M Wysoczynski, B Machalinski, M Majka, S T Ildstad, J Ratajczak, C B Shields, M Z Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Symptom Awareness Is Affected by the Subjects' Expectations During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: Johannes Pohl, Georg Frohnau, Wolfgang Kerner, Gabriele Fehm-Wolfsdorf
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess how expectations and symptom beliefs based on a previous episode of insulin-induced hypoglycemia influence symptom awareness after a second insulin injection in healthy subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a first episode of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in session 1, half of 40 healthy male subjects were told at the beginning of session 2 that they would receive human insulin (0.05 IU/kg), the other half saline. According to a 2 × 2 balanced placebo design, only half of each group received the announced substance, whereas the other half received the substance contrary to their expectations. Data collection at 10–15 min intervals included a symptom checklist, blood pressure, heart rate, plasma glucose, and counterregulatory hormone levels. RESULTS The expectation of a repeated hypoglycemia clearly influenced the subjects' psychophysiological responses. Without knowledge about the actual treatment, there was only an average maximum confidence of 65% of having received insulin. Expecting the insulin injection led to an increased sum score of neuroglycopenic symptoms but not of autonomic symptoms. Subjects expecting the insulin injection reported more weakness, blurred vision, and inner restlessness than those subjects expecting the saline injection. Those subjects correctly informed about receiving insulin experienced the most drowsiness, dizziness, and headaches. The expectations of the insulin injection increased the norepinephrine levels and the heart rate. The told insulin/given insulin group showed the highest glucagon levels. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that the subjects' expectations influence their perceived symptoms.
Rapamycin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration.
Authors: M Poon, S O Marx, R Gallo, J J Badimon, M B Taubman, A R Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration contribute to the development of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and accelerated arteriopathy after cardiac transplantation. Previously, we reported that the macrolide antibiotic rapamycin, but not the related compound FK506, inhibits both human and rat aortic SMC proliferation in vitro by inhibiting cell cycle-dependent kinases and delaying phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Marx, S.O., T. Jayaraman, L.O. Go, and A.R. Marks. 1995. Circ. Res. 362:801). In the present study the effects of rapamycin on SMC migration were assayed in vitro using a modified Boyden chamber and in vivo using a porcine aortic SMC explant model. Pretreatment with rapamycin (2 ng/ml) for 48 h inhibited PDGF-induced migration (PDGF BB homodimer; 20 ng/ml) in cultured rat and human SMC (n = 10; P < 0.0001), whereas FK506 had no significant effect on migration. Rapamycin administered orally (1 mg/kg per d for 7 d) significantly inhibited porcine aortic SMC migration compared with control (n = 15; P < 0.0001). Thus, in addition to being a potent immunosuppressant and antiproliferative, rapamycin also inhibits SMC migration.
Acute myeloid leukemia is propagated by a leukemic stem cell with lymphoid characteristics in a mouse model of CALM/AF10-positive leukemia
Authors: Aniruddha J. Deshpande, Monica Cusan, Vijay P.S. Rawat, Hendrik Reuter, Alexandre Krause, Christiane Pott, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Purvi Kakadia, Florian Kuchenbauer, Farid Ahmed, Eric Delabesse, Meinhard Hahn, Peter Lichter, Michael Kneba, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Elizabeth Macintyre, Cristina Mecucci, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, R. Keith Humphries, Stefan K. Bohlander, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Christian Buske
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Abstract 4372: Mechanisms involved in MMP-2 downregulation in arsenic-exposed human urothelial cells
Authors: Hsiu-Hua Wang, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Arsenic has been reported to induce aberrant gene expression through various mechanisms including genetic, epigenetic regulation and signaling transduction pathways. Our previous studies have shown that long-term exposure of human urothelial cell line SV-HUC-1 (HUC-1 cells) to low dose arsenic resulted in altered cell morphology, reduced cell migration activity, and suppressed expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). To explore how MMP-2 is suppressed in arsenic exposed HUC-1 cells (iAs cells), we found that MMP-2 gene expression could be partly reverted by treatment with either demethylating agent 5-aza-dC or TGF-β alone. The enhanced expression of MMP-2 was additive by treatment of iAs cells with in combination of 5-aza-dC and TGF-β. Although we confirmed that MMP-2 promoter was hypermethylated by MSP assay, we unexpectedly found that Smad2 and Smad4 proteins were significantly suppressed in iAs cells, indicating that the canonical TGF-β pathway was deficient in iAs cells. The negligible expression level of Smad4 was confirmed by aid of a luciferase reporter containing Smad4-binding element. Alternatively, TGF-β-induced MMP-2 gene expression in HUC-1 and iAs cells could be suppressed by PKC inhibitor. Our current results suggested that TGF-β may mediate through PKC activation to induced MMP-2 expression. Taken together, MMP-2 expression in iAs cells could be reactivated by 5-aza-dC and TGF-β, indicating that arsenic exposure may be through epigenetic and signaling pathway alteration to regulate the expression of MMP-2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4372.
Flagship foundation trusts are among those granted conditional registration
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ten further trusts, including seven foundation trusts, have been told by the Care Quality Commission that they must take urgent action to deal with concerns about safety and quality of care.

The commission has now registered all 378 trusts, 22 of which have had conditions imposed. Twelve of the 22 are foundation trusts, supposedly a marker of excellence within the NHS. Fifteen are in the acute sector, four are in mental health, two are primary care trusts, and one is an ambulance trust.

Foundation trusts are not directed by government and have greater freedom to decide their own strategy and the way services are run. They are overseen by Monitor, which said it was “disappointing” that 12 had been registered with conditions. But a Monitor spokesperson added, “However, it is important to bear in mind that these conditions do not provide a rating of a trust’s overall performance but indicate particular areas where improvement is necessary.”

The spokesperson continued: “We are already well aware of the issues at most of the foundation trusts which have been registered with conditions by the CQC [Care Quality Commission]. We have intervened at four of them and found another one in significant breach of its terms …
Both IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies are the products of clonally selective B cell stimulation in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.
Authors: D M Tillman, N T Jou, R J Hill, T N Marion
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus is closely associated with the appearance of immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody to native DNA in both humans and mice. Like normal antibody responses, the anti-DNA autoantibody first appears as IgM and then switches to IgG. Structural studies of IgG anti-DNA suggest that these antibodies are the products of clonally selected, specifically stimulated B cells. The origins of the IgM anti-DNA have been less clear. To determine whether the earlier appearing IgM anti-DNA antibody in autoimmune mice also derives from clonally selected, specifically stimulated B cells or B cells activated by nonselective, polyclonal stimuli, we have analyzed the molecular and serological characteristics of a large number of monoclonal IgM anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. We have also analyzed IgM and IgG anti-DNA hybridomas obtained from the same individual mice to determine how the later-appearing IgG autoantibody may be related to the earlier-appearing IgM autoantibody within an individual mouse. The results demonstrate that: (a) IgM anti-DNA, like IgG, has the characteristics of a specifically stimulated antibody; (b) IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies have similar variable region structures and within individual mice may be produced by B cells derived from the same clonal precursors; (c) recurrent germline and somatically derived VH and VL structures may influence the specificity of anti-DNA monoclonal antibody for denatured vs. native DNA; and (d) the results provide a structural explanation for the selective development of IgG antibody to native DNA as autoimmunity to DNA progresses in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.
Evaluation of the in vivo antioxidative activity of redox nanoparticles by using a developing chicken egg as an alternative animal model
Authors: Chiaki Abe, Yoshihiro Uto, Ayaka Kawasaki, Chiho Noguchi, Ryo Tanaka, Toru Yoshitomi, Yukio Nagasaki, Yoshio Endo, Hitoshi Hori
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
STIMULATION OF GROWTH OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE BY LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CONSTITUENTS FROM RAPIDLY GROWING TISSUES
Authors: M.I. Lerman, N.G. Kucenko, O.Y. Abakumova, E.M. Kobrina, A.B. Schechter, L.A. Mamedov, A.V. Nikolaev
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Quality of Life in Maintenance vs Prolonged Induction Therapy for HIV
Authors: P. T. Nieuwkerk
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drug Combinations for Anaesthesia
Authors: D. Forman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

analysed were remarkably rich in linoleic acid (see table), a finding which was ex- plained by the fact that these patients, mostly on their own initiative, were taking four to six spoonfuls of sunflower seed oil a day; about 65% of the fatty acids of sun- flower seed oil is linoleic acid.The trials by Mertin et al.2 were carried out between October and December 1973.Mean Linoleate Content (as%wlw of Total Fatty Acids ± S.E.M.) Fats in Plasma of Normal Subjects and Patients with M.S.Normal M.S.1.M.S.2.Phospholipid 17 6±1-64 13-7±1-6 26-9±1-1 (n = 11) (n = 7) (n = 12) Triglyceride 11-0 ±0-8 7-86 ±0-71 26-8 ±3-1(n = 14) (n = 6) (n = 12) M.S. 1 refers to patients who claimed they were not taking sunflower seed oil.The M.S.2 group represents those patients who had been taking sunflower seed oil for at least one month (data from 1973).Medication with sunflower seed oil can clearly be expected to increase the plasma linoleate.The macrophage electrophoretic mobility test is unlikely to give a high degree of inhibition by linoleic acid if the macro- phages have been taken from blood which is rich in linoleic acid itself.Perhaps the only way to resolve the issue would be to relate electrophoretic mobility to plasma linoleate content.-Weare, etc.
Digoxin toxicity due to interaction of digoxin with erythromycin.
Authors: D. L. Maxwell, S. K. Gilmour-White, M. R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1989)

health: those needing to abstain may unwittingly drink if they believe low alcohol drinks to be effectively alcohol free.Others wanting to limit their drinking by counting units may drink far more than their chosen amounts if they fail to make adjustments for extra strong drinks.There are two possible strategies for minimising these errors.Firstly, all drinks could have their alcohol content clearly labelled in units as well as in percentage alcohol by volume.This suggestion was endorsed by nearly all our subjects.Secondly, posters and leaflets providing current data on the strengths of commonly available drinks, similar to those provided by the Health Education Council for the tar and nicotine contents of cigarettes, could be widely distributed.
Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in vivo via HIF-1 stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Debra F. Higgins, Kuniko Kimura, Wanja M. Bernhardt, Nikita Shrimanker, Yasuhiro Akai, Bernd Hohenstein, Yoshihiko Saito, Randall S. Johnson, Matthias Kretzler, Clemens D. Cohen, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Masayuki Iwano, Volker H. Haase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Hypoxia has been proposed as an important microenvironmental factor in the development of tissue fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. To examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1), a key mediator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, in the development of fibrosis in mice, we inactivated Hif-1α in primary renal epithelial cells and in proximal tubules of kidneys subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) using Cre-loxP–mediated gene targeting. We found that Hif-1α enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and induced epithelial cell migration through upregulation of lysyl oxidase genes. Genetic ablation of epithelial Hif-1α inhibited the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO kidneys, which was associated with decreased interstitial collagen deposition, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and a reduction in the number of fibroblast-specific protein–1–expressing (FSP-1–expressing) interstitial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increased renal HIF-1α expression is associated with tubulointerstitial injury in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, we provide clinical and genetic evidence that activation of HIF-1 signaling in renal epithelial cells is associated with the development of chronic renal disease and may promote fibrogenesis by increasing expression of extracellular matrix–modifying factors and lysyl oxidase genes and by facilitating EMT.
Cancer of the Urogenital Tract: Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Prostatic carcinoma offers a different challenge to members of different disciplines, since it is not one disease entity but many, by virtue of its varied initial symptoms and evolution (Introductory Figure). Most clinicians think that prostate cancer consists of good and evil varieties. At the favorable end of the spectrum is the microinvasive cancer or carcinoma in situ, discovered incidentally in an incipient or occult stage, or the distinct, circumscribed, small nodule detected on routine examination. On the ominous side of the spectrum is the metastatic disease which appears as a case of arthritis, sciatica, or chronic back pain with minimal or no urinarytract complaints. An illusion exists among many physicians that this is not a lethal cancer and that much can be done to alter its course at any stage in its progression. Although the evolution of cancer of the prostate is not as rapid as that of the
Facial expression judgments support a socio-relational model, rather than a negativity bias model of political psychology
Authors: Jacob M. Vigil, Chance Strenth
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Self-reported opinions and judgments may be more rooted in expressive biases than in cognitive processing biases, and ultimately operate within a broader behavioral style for advertising the capacity – versus the trustworthiness – dimension of human reciprocity potential. Our analyses of facial expression judgments of likely voters are consistent with this thesis, and directly contradict one major prediction from the authors' “negativity-bias” model.
The Relationship of Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Food Allergy: Evaluating the Spectrum of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Barry J. Pelz, Joshua B. Wechsler, Rebecca Krier-Burris, Barry Wershil, Amir F. Kagalwalla, Paul Bryce
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Respiratory Disease in Childhood
Authors: W. Gaisford
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDIBALOURNALthe clinical applications (though these are not neglected) but also in generous measure the fundamentals of these sciences.Thus, the first chapter deals at some length with the basic physiology of the heart, the mechanism of the coronary circulation, the control of blood pressure, the methods of assessing heart performance, and the inter- pretation of electrocardiographs.This is followed by sections dealing with the distur- bances of function resulting from heart diseases and those brought about by surgical attack on the heart.Other chapters deal similarly with the physiology of the respira- tory, alimentary, urinary, endocrine, and nervous systems, and with related questions of applied physiology.There are also chap- ters on genetics in relation to clinical medi- cine, on allergy and immunity, and on the physical and chemical basis of cancer chemo- therapy.Naturally, the fluid balance receives full attention, and there are good accounts of the physiology of haematopoiesis, of the metabolism of iron, of the serum proteins, and of defects of haemostasis.Altogether the book contains nearly a hun- dred sections by 130 contributors, the majority British surgeons, with some physi- cians and laboratory workers, and a small but distinguished group of surgeons from the United States and Canada.The writing is vigorous, succinct, and lucid and the general standard of presentation is uniformly high.