tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of the MIB-1 Labeling Index as a Predictor of Tumor Progression in Pilocytic Astrocytomas in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Daniel C. Bowers, Lynn Gargan, Payal Kapur, Joan S. Reisch, Arlynn F. Mulne, Kenneth N. Shapiro, Roy D. Elterman, Naomi J. Winick, Linda R. Margraf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common childhood brain tumor. This report examines the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) as a predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) among childhood PAs.Consecutive PAs were examined to determine whether the MIB-1 LI was associated with tumor progression. Other variables evaluated included tumor location, use of adjuvant therapy, extent of resection, and age at diagnosis.One hundred forty-one children were identified (mean +/- SD age, 7.6 +/- 4.7 years; range, 0.43 to 18.56 years); 118 children had adequate tissue for MIB-1 immunohistochemistry. The 5-year PFS was 61.25%. By log-rank analysis, an MIB-1 LI of more than 2.0 was associated with shortened PFS (P =.035). Patients with PAs who underwent complete surgical resection, had tumors located in the cerebellum, and were treated with surgery only also had more prolonged PFS (P =.001 for all). Tumors in the optic pathways were associated with a shorter PFS (P =.001). Restricting the evaluation of MIB-1 LI to only incompletely resected tumors revealed an insignificant trend of MIB-1 LI of more than 2.0 having a shortened PFS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated completely resected tumors and tumors located in the cerebellum as less likely to progress (P =.001 and.019, respectively).Children with PAs with an MIB-1 LI of more than 2.0 have a shortened PFS. PAs that are completely resected and are located in the cerebellum have a prolonged PFS. This initial study suggests that the MIB-1 LI identifies a more aggressive subset of PAs. Further work should focus on elucidating features of pilocytic astocytomas that will identify prospectively children at risk for progression.
DERMATITIS LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM (TOMATO PLANT)
Authors: EVERETT S. LAIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

When certain plants are brought into proximity or actual contact with the skin of certain individuals, more or less reaction follows. The skins of some persons, however, are not appreciably inflamed even from contact with the most commonly known poisonous plants. No writer on this subject, so far as I know, has yet attempted to enumerate or classify all such poisonous plants. Some authors do not mention more than a few of the well known plants, such as the poison ivy, the sumac, the wild rose, and the nettle, with their several offending members. Various other names are continually being added to the list of so-called poisonous plants, namely, plants that are capable of producing a dermatitis venenata on the susceptible skin of certain persons. <h3>ETIOLOGIC FACTORS</h3> A plant that is capable of producing a dermatitis in certain sensitized individuals appears to be less infectious at certain seasons of the
Self‐assessment of health status is associated with inflammatory activation and predicts long‐term outcomes in chronic heart failure
Authors: John T. Parissis, Maria Nikolaou, Dimitrios Farmakis, Ioannis A. Paraskevaidis, Vassiliki Bistola, Koula Venetsanou, Dimitrios Katsaras, Gerasimos Filippatos, Dimitrios T. Kremastinos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Observations on the HISTORY OF PHYSIOLOGY IN GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS
Authors: E. Sharpey-Schafer
Journal: BMJ (1932)

A century ago physiology was to all intents and purposes non-existent in England.There was no laboratory of physiology in the whole of Great Britain, nor any one person whose business it was to devote himself wholly to teaching and research in physiology.In certain universi- ties of Scotland there were professors of the " institutes of medicine "-a term which is generally regarded as the equivalent of physiology-but the occupants of these chairs were not physiologists ; they were always practising physicians.Nor was it until fifty years later that it was considered necessary for the occupant of such a chair to be a physiologist.On the Continent, especially in France and Germany, physiology was more advanced; in Paris and Berlin there were established chairs occupied by notable physiologists.This neglect of physiology in Great Britain is the more remarkable when we remember that the foundation of physiology was laid in England 200 years previously by William Harvey, and in the intervening period had been substantially built upon by Stephen Hales, John Hunter, and William Hewson.But there was no organized investigation ; each person worked independ- ently.Physiology was looked upon as little more than a branch of anatomy.
Diminished responsiveness of male homosexual chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with HTLV-III antibodies to recombinant α-interferon
Authors: J. A. McDonald, L. Caruso, P. Karayiannis, L. J. Scully, J. R. W. Harris, G. E. Forster, H. C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

In a randomized controlled trial, 41 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers were allocated, by opening numbered computerized randomization envelopes, to receive recombinant interferon-α2A at three different doses: 2.5; 5.0, and 10.0 mU per m 2 . Thirty-two patients received treatment (6 for 3 months, 26 for 6 months), and 9 patients were controls (received no treatment). Ninety-three per cent of our patients were homosexual, and 41% had anti-HTLV-III in their serum None of the control patients lost HBeAg. In contrast, six of the anti-HTLV-III-negative patients (33%) responded to treatment (p &lt; 0.02): five of these responders were homosexual (p &lt; 0.05). The response rate was greatest (44%) in the anti-HTLV-III-negative patients who received 10 mU per m 2 of recombinant interferon-α2A. None of the anti-HTLV-III-positive patients responded to treatment. The percentage reduction of hepatitis B virus DNA was significantly less in the anti-HTLV-III-positive group in comparison to the anti-HTLV-III-negative group at 1 and 4 months of treatment and at 3 months after the end of treatment (p &lt; 0.05). These patients were younger (33 vs. 42 years, p &lt; 0.02), had lower mean baseline AST values (42 vs. 80 IU per liter, p &lt; 0.02) and tended to have milder histo-logical disease Homosexual men with HBeAg-positive chronic liver disease who are anti-HTLV-III-positive appear to be less responsive to the direct antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of recombinant interferon-α2A. This may be due to the subclinical immunosuppressive effects of co-infection with HTLV-III.
Essentials of Clinical Surgery
Authors: William G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>Essentials of Clinical Surgery</i>was developed as a companion piece to the monumental<i>Clinical Surgery</i>by its authors to serve as a text for undergraduate students and possibly as a quick reference source for others in the medical field who may not need the detailed discussions in the parent two-volume set. It should be pointed out that, although abridged, it contains a wealth of ready information that surgeons at all levels will find useful. The book has 174 excellent illustrations and is well indexed. The first of three parts deals with clinical manifestations and stresses the "problem-oriented approach." This format encourages a logical approach to problems and how to think through issues. The section, although brief, satisfies the aims of the authors. The algorithms used are well thought out and should be most helpful. Part II covers patient management and part III the diseases of organs and systems in surgical
Family Medical Care: A Design for Health Maintenance
Authors: Sidney S. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<b>Making Health Teams Work,</b>by Harold Wise et al, 174 pp, with illus, $12.50, paper $4.95, Ballinger Publishing Co, 1974. The men and women of New York's Montefiore Hospital have made signal contributions to medical care in the United States for several decades. E. M. Bluestone and Martin Cherkasky have provided the institutional leadership and the receptive climate for experimentation and change. In revisiting the Family Health Maintenance Demonstration, a project that was initiated a quarter century ago and reported on in an earlier volume (1963), Silver attempts to reassess it and put it into a broader context. Seven new chapters have been added, derived from a series of lectures given at St. Louis University in 1972. These, while varying in quality and tending to give a global character to the extrapolation, are deft and literate and full of important questions and issues. Liberally seeded with quotations and references, the
Those Ivy League Oarsmen
Authors: Robert H. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ( 205 :652, 1968) discussed the possible harmful cardiac effects of rowing among students in Ivy League schools. I was surprised that Dr. Thomas B. Quigley, Harvard team physician, in his discussion of the matter, made no reference to the historical reappearance, intact (in a shell for a practice spin at the Royal Henley Regatta of 1964), of eight oarsmen and coxswain, identical in personnel with the victorious crew in the Henley Grand Challenge Cup Race of 1914, 50 years earlier, as Harvard undergraduates. In this crew, the stroke oar was pulled by Dr. Charles Lund, distinguished Boston surgeon, and the captain and bow oar was none other than US Senator Leverett Saltonstall, of Massachusetts. In 1964, the average age of these men was 70 years. What better evidence of rowing as a healthful sport could be advanced?
Presumed safe no more: lessons from the Wingspan saga on regulation of devices
Authors: A. J. Gartenberg, A. Peleg, S. S. Dhruva, R. F. Redberg
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite a randomized controlled trial showing clear safety concerns with the Wingspan intracranial stent system, the device remains on the market. <b>Ari J Gartenberg and colleagues </b>argue that the exemption system used to obtain its market approval in the US is not adequate for high risk devices
MURIATE OF COCAINE IN URETHRAL SURGERY.
Authors: H. A. Eberle
Journal: JAMA (1885)

The wide range of usefulness as an anæsthetic for cocaine seems as yet unlimited. After the many eulogies upon it in its effects to prevent pain in operations upon the eye, ear, nose, teeth, skin, I have one to add—that of its power to completely anæsthetize the mucous membrane of the urethra, permitting the painless introduction of the sound, and of enabling the surgeon to operate by cutting on<i>strictures</i>of the urethra by a completely painless method. My first case was a well-built and healthy-looking man, 34 years old, unmarried. Had gonorrhœa six years previous, treated himself with arg. nit. injections. He stated the cure was complete. He came to me on Dec. 5, with an acute gonorrhœa. Treated him by hot water injections medicated with zinc and hydrastin muriate. Found that only a No. 6 soft rubber catheter could be passed on account of strictures. Continued the treatment
Lack of association of induration size with HIV infection among drug users reacting to tuberculin.
Authors: M N Gourevitch, D Hartel, E E Schoenbaum, R S Klein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Smaller tuberculin test induration sizes suggest eligibility for tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-seronegative persons. To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with induration size among tuberculin reactors, a cross-sectional study of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative drug users was performed. Twenty-four of 160 (15%) HIV-seropositive and 68 of 284 (24%) HIV-seronegative patients had reactions to purified protein derivative (PPD) of > or = 2 mm (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.96). However, the prevalence of tuberculin reactivity was equal among nonanergic subjects with and without HIV infection. Median induration size was similar among HIV-seropositive (20.5 mm) and -seronegative (17.5 mm) reactors. Thus, although HIV-seropositive patients were less likely, due to cutaneous anergy, to be PPD reactors, induration size was not associated with HIV infection among reactors. Although using a reduced cutpoint to determine suitability of chemoprophylaxis in HIV-seropositive persons may be prudent, the logical assumption that the loss of specificity this entails is accompanied by an increase in sensitivity for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains to be proved.
Short term variability of single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor
Authors: A G Robson
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> When monitoring patients with chronic lung disease it is important to distinguish genuine changes in gas transfer over time from natural variability. This study aims to define the coefficient of repeatability for routine measurements of single breath transfer factor (Tco) and transfer coefficient (Kco). <h3>METHODS</h3> Sixty eight subjects (32 with emphysema, 36 healthy volunteers) had Tcomeasured twice at a mean (SD) interval of 7.5 (1.3) days. On each occasion a standard protocol (conforming to BTS guidelines) was followed, comprising duplicate measurements satisfying standard technical criteria. The mean of these duplicates was recorded. For the pooled data changes in Tco and Kco between study days were expressed as coefficient of repeatability. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The coefficient of repeatability was ±1.60 mmol/min/kPa for Tco and ±0.24 mmol/min/kPa/l for Kco. Correcting Tco and Kco for prevailing barometric pressure or carboxyhaemoglobin level made no significant difference to the results. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The quoted limits for variability in gas transfer over time are valid for a wide range of clinically relevant values. Changes in Tco and Kco greater than these limits are unlikely to arise from natural variation.
Campaigners warn that EU trade deal with US could threaten drug prices
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The European Union is coming under pressure to ensure that any trade agreements it enters do not undermine national public health services and to lift the secrecy surrounding the negotiations. The demands coincide with the imminent appointment of a new EU trade commissioner, Cecilia Malmstrom, and against the background of extensive talks with the United States on a transatlantic free trade area.

In a wide ranging report Oxfam and Health Action International Europe claimed that the potential EU-US agreement, known as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), could pose a serious threat to public health in Europe and set dangerous precedents for future trade deals between the EU and developing countries.1

Leila Bodeux, Oxfam’s policy adviser, said, …
1008 SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO INTERFERON PREVENTS THE LETHAL CONSEQUENCE OF CLINICAL DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP A HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA POST ANTIVIRAL-TREATMENT
Authors: S. Bruno, M. Iavarone, M. Vigano, A. Crosignani, S. Rossi, A. Aghemo, D. Savoiardo, A. Sangiovanni, L. Roffi, P. Maisonneuve, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Relationships between estrogen receptor co-regulators and intrinsic subtypes in breast cancer.
Authors: MP McCafferty, RE McNeill, N Miller, MJ Kerin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #603 Background: Gene expression profiling has characterised breast cancers into distinct subtypes largely based on the ER, PR and HER2/neu receptor status (i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2/neu over-expressing and basal-like groups). This study aims to investigate relationships between expression levels of genes representing these receptors i.e., ESR1, ESR2, PGR and ERBB2, and selected estrogen receptor co-activator genes (NCOA3, CREBBP) and co-repressor genes (NCOR1 and NCOR2). We also sought to identify whether these co-regulator genes were differentially expressed across subtype, related to patient outcome or known prognostic factors.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: Using quantitative real-time PCR, we measured mRNA expression in sixty primary breast tumors and ten normal mammary glands. Relationships between gene expression levels and clinicopathological parameters, intrinsic subtype and clinical outcomes were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, student t-test, ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox's proportional hazards model. P&amp;lt;0.05 was considered significant.&amp;#x2028; Results: Statistically significant correlations were observed between CREBBP expression and ESR1 (r =0.324); ESR2 (r=0.387); PGR (r=0.397); and ERBB2 (r=0.306). CREBBP also correlated with NCOA3 (r=0.447), a steroid receptor co-activator previously shown to be over-expressed in breast cancers; and was differentially expressed in the luminal B subtype compared to the others (P&amp;lt;0.001). An increase in tumour stage and NCOA3 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (Log Rank; P=0.009 and P=0.043). Prognostic significance of these parameters remained after multivariate analysis. We found no correlation between co-regulator expression and age at diagnosis, macroscopic tumour size and lymph node status.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: These findings demonstrate a relationship between CREBBP, breast cancer subtype, and the expression of genes known to be prognostic indicators or indicators of treatment response in breast cancer. Further investigations are required to establish how co-regulator expression influences these intrinsic groups. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 603.
Repeat Variability of Spatial QRS and T Vectors
Authors: ERNST SIMONSON, ANCEL KEYS
Journal: Circulation (1954)

In spite of the increasing literature on spatial electrocardiographic vectors, no information on their repeat variability is available. Such data are presented in this paper and compared with the repeat variability of conventional electrocardiographic items, as background for interpretation of changes in direction and magnitude of spatial vectors in patients.
Quantitative Analysis Reveals Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Repopulating Cells After Short-term Ex Vivo Culture
Authors: Mickie Bhatia, Dominique Bonnet, Ursula Kapp, Jean C.Y. Wang, Barbara Murdoch, John E. Dick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Ex vivo culture of human hematopoietic cells is a crucial component of many therapeutic applications. Although current culture conditions have been optimized using quantitative in vitro progenitor assays, knowledge of the conditions that permit maintenance of primitive human repopulating cells is lacking. We report that primitive human cells capable of repopulating nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (SCID-repopulating cells; SRC) can be maintained and/or modestly increased after culture of CD34+CD38− cord blood cells in serum-free conditions. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a 4- and 10-fold increase in the number of CD34+CD38− cells and colony-forming cells, respectively, as well as a 2- to 4-fold increase in SRC after 4 d of culture. However, after 9 d of culture, all SRC were lost, despite further increases in total cells, CFC content, and CD34+ cells. These studies indicate that caution must be exercised in extending the duration of ex vivo cultures used for transplantation, and demonstrate the importance of the SRC assay in the development of culture conditions that support primitive cells.
Efficient identification of<i><scp>M</scp>alassezia</i>yeasts by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (<scp>MALDI</scp>‐<scp>TOF MS</scp>)
Authors: A. Kolecka, K. Khayhan, M. Arabatzis, A. Velegraki, M. Kostrzewa, A. Andersson, A. Scheynius, C. Cafarchia, R. Iatta, M.T. Montagna, S. Youngchim, F.J. Cabañes, P. Hoopman, B. Kraak, M. Groenewald, T. Boekhout
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Infections caused by Malassezia yeasts are most likely underdiagnosed, because fatty acid supplementation is needed for growth. Rapid identification of Malassezia species is essential for appropriate treatment of Malassezia-related skin infections, fungaemia and nosocomial outbreaks in neonates, children and adults and can be life-saving for those patients. Ma-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported to be a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool to identify clinically important yeasts, but so far no data have been reported on identification of Malassezia isolates with this technique.To create an extensive database of main mass spectra (MSPs) that will allow quick identification of Malassezia species by MALDI-TOF MS.An in-house library of 113 MSPs was created from 48 reference strains from the CBS-KNAW yeast collection. The in-house library was challenged with two test sets of Malassezia strains, namely 165 reference strains from the CBS collection and 338 isolates collected in Greece, Italy, Sweden and Thailand.MALDI-TOF MS allowed correct identification of all 14 Malassezia spp. MALDI-TOF MS results were concordant with those of sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1/ITS2) and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA.Implementation of the MALDI-TOF MS system as a routine identification tool will contribute to correct identification of Malassezia yeasts with minimal effort and in a short turnaround time, which is especially important for the rapid identification of Malassezia in skin diseases and nosocomial outbreaks.
Toxoplasmosis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Just as beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so too is diagnosis of obscure disease in the mind of the physician who thinks of  Kass put it well in a closing remark to a Clinical Pathologic Conference held at Boston City Hospital and published inThe Journal(224:1737-1746, 1973). He said, It has been a dictum here, going back to Soma Weiss, that any diagnosis is easy, once you think of it.  Acquired toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system (CNS) might serve as a worthy example, judging from a report by Townsend and her colleagues in the current issue of Archives of Neurology 32:335-343, 1975). At the outset, the authors note that increasing use of immunosuppressive agents has led to a variety of complicating infections by opportunistic organisms, among which is the protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii . So it is that in six years the authors encountered six cases