tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P134 The factors associated with readmission of patients with exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) within 30 days are largely out of control of healthcare professionals and the Trust–The Department of Health’s (DoH) case for penalising Trusts for 30 day readmission is weak and unjustifiable: Abstract P134 Table 1.
Authors: S Kadri, RK Sinha
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objective</h3> Early readmission of patients with COPD is responsible for significant healthcare costs. To minimise this, DoH has proposed financial penalties to Trusts for readmissions within 30 days of discharge<sup>1</sup>. Previous studies have questioned this proposal’s justification<sup>2</sup>. We conducted this study to examine this issue in our Trust. <h3>Methods</h3> List of patients with primary diagnosis of COPD readmitted within 30 days of discharge in 2011 was obtained from clinical coding department and was further scrutinised to identify patients in whom this diagnosis was correct. Available notes were reviewed and data was collected using a locally designed pro-forma. <h3>Results</h3> From initial list of 361 episodes, 47 patients were readmitted over 53 episodes of which 25 were truly for exacerbation of COPD. Patient’s characteristics are described in Table. Readmission occurred even if patients were on maximum/optimum treatment (96%) and had respiratory input (84%). Only 3 episodes (12%) required ventilator support (invasive/ non-invasive) that could not have been managed outside hospital. The average length of stay was 8.12 days. <h3>Conclusions and Discussion</h3> The best medical care during initial admission does not reduce readmission. Factors associated with readmission are largely unmodifiable by medical intervention and beyond control of healthcare professionals and Trusts. Admission avoidance schemes are not available widely; and may be answer to the problem by reducing rate of admission through various supportive and non-medical measures made available in the community. Incentive for lower readmission rates rather than penalty for higher readmission may encourage Trusts to invest in admission avoidance services. The bed cost alone would be £53,592 for 22 avoidable admissions with hospital stay of 8.12 days @£300/day. Non-payment for readmissions would amount to a loss of £87,079 on minimum tariff of £1643/patient. 53% of this would have been for wrongly coded patients; and may be a matter of interest for managers. <h3>References</h3> “The Operating framework for the NHS in England 2011–12”–by Department of Health - page 52, paragraph–5.33. J Hare <i>et al</i>. 30-Day COPD readmissions relate to disease severity and demographic factors rather than simply organisation and delivery of hospital care. <i>Thorax</i> 2011;66:Suppl 4 A107-A108.
A multiagency protocol for responding to sudden unexpected death in infancy: descriptive study
Authors: Anne Livesey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A working party set up by the Royal Colleges of Pathologists and of Paediatrics and Child Health has recommended introducing a national multiagency protocol for the management and investigation of sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy.1

In 1999, a protocol embodying many of the features now recommended for the national protocol was introduced in Sussex, England.2

This report on how such a protocol works in practice and its findings have implications for the implementation of a national protocol.

I collected anonymised data from coroners' records on postmortem investigations and cause of death of all infants who were reported to have died suddenly and unexpectedly in Sussex (total population 1 500 000, 150 000 aged under 15) in the three years 2000-2.

I used postal questionnaire and semistructured interview to get …
Cardiac adaptation to one hour of mild regional low flow ischaemia in the pig
Authors: J. Offstad, K. A Kirkeboen, K. Lande, A. Ilebekk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Cardiac adaptation to one hour of mild regional low flow ischaemia in the pig Get access Jon Offstad, Jon Offstad Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevål Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway: J Offstad, K A Kirkebøen, K Lande, A Ilebekk. Correspondence to Dr Offstad. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Knut A Kirkebøen, Knut A Kirkebøen Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevål Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway: J Offstad, K A Kirkebøen, K Lande, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Knut Lande, Knut Lande Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevål Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway: J Offstad, K A Kirkebøen, K Lande, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arnfinn Ilebekk Arnfinn Ilebekk Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevål Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway: J Offstad, K A Kirkebøen, K Lande, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2248–2253, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2248 Published: 01 December 1993
Abstract 2168: Detections of olfactomedin 4 gene expression by qRT-PCR in human prostatic samples and cell lines
Authors: Hongzhen Li, Wenli Liu, Jianqiong Zhu, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Jeffrey C. Hanson, Michael R. Emmert-Buck, Griffin P. Rodgers
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The human olfactomedin 4 gene (OLFM4) encodes an olfactomedin-related glycoprotein. OLFM4 gene is normally expressed in a limited number of tissues, including the prostate, but the regulation of OLFM4 gene expression in prostate are largely unknown. We have previously reported that reduced or lost expression of OLFM4 protein is correlated with higher Gleason scores in prostate cancer and loss of gene expression is due to deletions within the OLFM4 gene in about 36.7% (11/30) of prostate cancer patient samples studied. In this study, we investigated the regulation of OLFM4 gene expression in human prostate cancer pathogenesis. We have investigated the mRNA expression levels using quantitative RT-PCR analysis in 144 human prostate cDNA samples (OriGene). We found that the average expression level of OLFM4 gene is significantly reduced in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. The expression level of OLFM4 mRNA is inversely corrected with higher Gleason Score in prostate cancer. Interestingly, we also found higher expression of OLFM4 gene within small subset of samples with inflammation including prostatitis, hyperplasia and well differentiated tumor tissue. We have also screened the expression of OLFM4 mRNA level using qRT-PCR in primary cultured human normal prostate epithelial cells (PREC), benign immortalized prostate epithelial cell (RWPE1), androgen-responsible cancer cells (LNCaP and VCaP), androgen-independent cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145). We found lower expression of OLFM4 in RWPE1 cells. We also confirmed our previous results that OLFM4 mRNA was not expressed in cancer cell lines, LNCaP, VCaP, PC-3 and DU145. We have reported previously that deletions within the OLFM4 gene were present in about 40% in human prostate cancer samples studied. To test whether methylation is also involved in the loss of OLFM4 gene expression in human prostate cancer, the methylation status of CpG sites in OLFM4 promoter region has been analyzed in primary prostate tissues obtained by Laser Capture Microdissection. Hypermethylation of CpG sites at -91, -486 and -681 were detected in higher Gleason score of cancer samples. We further treated PC-3 cells (in which the OLFM4 gene is intact) using the demethylation reagent, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and found restoration of OLFM4 mRNA expression. The results suggest that methylation status of OLFM4 gene promoter region may affect OLFM4 gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2168. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2168
Sequence-specific modification of genomic DNA by small DNA fragments
Authors: Dieter C. Gruenert, Emanuela Bruscia, Giuseppe Novelli, Alessia Colosimo, Bruno Dallapiccola, Federica Sangiuolo, Kaarin K. Goncz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Small DNA fragments have been used to modify endogenous genomic DNA in both human and mouse cells. This strategy for sequence-specific modification or genomic editing, known as small-fragment homologous replacement (SFHR), has yet to be characterized in terms of its underlying mechanisms. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses following SFHR have shown specific modification of disease-causing genetic loci associated with cystic fibrosis, β-thalassemia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, suggesting that SFHR has potential as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of monogenic inherited disease.
Enhanced membrane expression of the 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigens by human keratinocytes induced by TNF alpha.
Authors: T Dorner, M Hucko, W J Mayet, U Trefzer, G R Burmester, F Hiepe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To investigate the membrane expression of the 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigens in human keratinocytes under the influence of an important mediator of inflammation, TNF alpha.Keratinocytes, isolated from human skins obtained at circumcision and identified using monoclonal antibodies, were treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and incubated with antibodies to 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) isolated and purified from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjögren's syndrome, with mouse monoclonal antibody to La(SS-B), and (as controls) with sera from normal healthy blood donors and a mouse monoclonal antibody to U1RNP 68 kDa. Membrane expression of the 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigens was detected using cyto enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), laser scanning microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence.After the incubation with TNF alpha, cyto ELISA revealed a significantly increased membrane binding of 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) antibodies, with a maximum after two hours, followed by enhanced 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) expression during the subsequent 24 hours. The La(SS-B) antigen was expressed rapidly after TNF alpha treatment (within one hour), with a fast decrease to the preincubation value within three hours. Indirect immunofluorescence with fixed normal human keratinocytes confirmed increased 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigen expression after the incubation with TNF alpha.TNF alpha mediates 52 kDa Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) autoantigen surface expression on human keratinocytes, and may be an important factor both in antibody induction and in the initiation of immunopathogenic processes which occur after antibody binding in autoimmune dermatitis.
Prospective Study of Maple-Syrup-Urine Disease for the First Four Days of Life
Authors: Angelo M. DiGeorge, Iraj Rezvani, Luigi R. Garibaldi, Michael Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Maple-syrup-urine disease, also known as branched-chain ketoaciduria, results from a primary defect in oxidative decarboxylation of the ketoacids derived from the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.1 Neonates with the most common form of this autosomal recessive disorder (classic maple-syrup-urine disease) appear normal at birth but usually become symptomatic by four or five days of age, with lethargy, poor appetite, vomiting, and alternating periods of hypertonicity and flaccidity. Progressive neurologic deterioration, seizures, coma, and acidosis ensue; death may occur within 10 to 14 days if the condition is untreated.2 Delay in diagnosis or improper treatment results in mental retardation . . .
The Norwegian naturalistic treatment study of depression in general practice (NORDEP)---I: randomised double blind study
Authors: U. F Malt, O. H. Robak, H-P Madsbu, O Bakke, M Loeb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy of emotional support and counselling combined with placebo or antidepressants with single or dual mechanism of action in the treatment of depression in primary care. <b>Design:</b> Randomised double blind study. <b>Setting:</b> Several locations in Norway. <b>Subjects:</b> 372 patients with depression. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Improvement (clinical remission) reported both by the patient (Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale) and the physician (clinical global improvement and impression scales). <b>Results:</b> Intention to treat analyses showed 47% remission in patients randomised to placebo compared with 61% remission in patients randomised to sertraline (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96) and 54% in patients randomised to mianserin (0.75, 0.44 to 1.27). Women responded better than men (1.86, 1.17 to 2.96). Subgroup analyses showed that subjects with recurrent depression (n=273) responded more frequently to sertraline than to placebo (0.43, 0.23 to 0.82) than those having their first episode of depression (1.18, 0.39 to 3.61). Statistically significant interactions between type of drug treatment and history of depression were not shown by logistic regression. <b>Conclusion:</b> The combination of active drug and simple psychological treatment (counselling, emotional support, and close follow up over a 24 week period) was more effective than simple psychological treatment alone, in particular for those with recurrent depression. Overall, women may benefit more than men. If confirmed in future studies, the findings should lead to more differentiated treatment guidelines for depression in primary care.
Docetaxel and carboplatin followed by sequential capecitabine as first line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: A Lorenzo, A Modolell, P Valero, L Murillo, JM García-Bueno, A Yubero, I Machengs
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2155 Background: Anthracyclines and docetaxel (D) are the most active agents in metastatic breast cancer (BC). New regimens are being assesed to improve chemotherapy efficacy. D and carboplatin (C) has shown to be an active treatment in metastatic BC. Capecitabine (X) and D is also an active combination, despite the fact the toxicity profile needs to be improved. Sequential administration of D and X could lead to an improved toxicity profile compared with concomitant administration. We designed this study to evaluate activity and toxicity profile of treatment with D and C followed by sequential X in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC, at least one measurable lesion, age ≥ 18 years, ECOG PS ≤ 2, and adequate bone marrow and hepatic functions, were included in the study. Prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for advanced disease was not allowed. Patients received 6 cycles of D 75 mg/m2 iv D1 and C AUC5 iv D1, every 21 days followed by 12 cycles of X 2000 mg/m2/day o.r. D1-14 in a 21 days course.&amp;#x2028; Results: twenty patients have been analyzed. Median age was 55 years old (range 36-73), ECOG PS 0-1 94.4%; 90.0% of patients had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 57.9% of patients had stage I-II at diagnosis. Main sites of metastatic disease were bone (35.0%), liver (25.0%) and lung (25.0%). Conservative surgery was performed in 35% of patients and mastectomy in 40%. Previous radiotherapy and chemotherapy was administered in 50.0% and 70.0% of patients, respectively. A total of 108 cycles of D and C (median 6, range 2-6) and 71 cycles of X (median 6, range 2-10) were administered. Median relative dose intensity was 96% for D and C and 95% for X. Over 17 evaluable patients for efficacy, 2 achieved complete response and 4 partial response; the ORR was 35.3% (95% CI:12.6-58.1). During D and C treatment, grade III/IV toxicities per patient were neutropenia (25.0%), leucopenia (10.0%), mucositis (5.0%), oedema (5.0%), febrile neutropenia (5.0%) and thrombophlebitis (5.0%). Most common grade II toxicities were nausea (20.0%), vomiting (15.0%) and asthenia (20.0%). During X treatment, grade III/IV toxicities per patient were neutropenia (7.1%) and hand-foot syndrome (7.1%). Main grade II toxicity was hand-foot syndrome (14.3%). Two patients finished treatment after 2 and 6 cycles of X due to diarrhea, oedema and anorexia, and hand-foot syndrome.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: In this preliminary analysis, D and C followed by sequential X seems to be an active and well-tolerated regimen as first line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2155.
Overview of Aerosolized Florida Red Tide Toxins: Exposures and Effects
Authors: Lora E. Fleming, Lorraine C. Backer, Daniel G. Baden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Florida red tide is caused by Karenia brevis, a dinoflagellate that periodically blooms, releasing its potent neurotoxin, brevetoxin, into the surrounding waters and air along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Exposure to Florida red tide toxins has been associated with adverse human health effects and massive fish and marine mammal deaths. The articles in this mini-monograph describe the ongoing interdisciplinary and interagency research program that characterizes the exposures and health effects of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (brevetoxins). The interdisciplinary research program uses animal models and laboratory studies to develop hypotheses and apply these findings to in situ human exposures. Our ultimate goal is to develop appropriate prevention measures and medical interventions to mitigate or prevent adverse health effects from exposure to complex mixtures of aerosolized red tide toxins.
WHEN I USE A WORD..:
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Regime, regimen, regiment This is very confusing.

Regere is the Latin word meaning to keep on the straight and narrow, to guide or direct, to rule or govern.

A regime is a manner or system of rule or government. These days it is often used disparagingly.

A regimen is a course of diet, exercise, or other form of behaviour designed to improve your health. These days …
Impaired Resting Myocardial Annular Velocities Are Independently Associated With Mental Stress–Induced Ischemia in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Mads Ersbøll, Fawaz Al Enezi, Zainab Samad, Brenda Sedberry, Stephen H. Boyle, Christopher O’Connor, Wei Jiang, Eric J. Velazquez
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
A Rare Portosystemic Shunt Detected by MRI and Diagnosed by Dynamic Liver Scintigraphy With Tc-99m Phytate
Authors: YOSHIMASA IMANISHI, MINAKO HAYAKAWA, TAKASHI ITOH, HIROSHI MITSUHASHI, MASAKO MASUOKA, HIROTOSHI SUZUKI, KAZUMASA MIZUTANI, OSAMI KAWAZOE, MITSUHIRO FUJIKAWA, SHIGEKI MOMOSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Although various types of portosystemic shunts with portal hypertension have been widely reported, a collateral circulation near the pancreas head is rare. The authors report a case of a rare portosystemic shunt surrounding the pancreatic head, which was diagnosed by dynamic liver scintigraphy using Ikoma's scintigraphic criteria for the presence of portosystemic shunts. According to these criteria, abnormal accumulation of radioactivity at various abdominal sites (not identified on static images after the dynamic study) on 6 or more continuous frames of 5-second intervals (i.e., for 30 seconds or more after the arterial phase) indicates the presence of a portosystemic shunt. If liver scintigraphy is performed on a patient with portal hypertension, the dynamic study is valuable in the detection and diagnosis of a portosystemic shunt.
Flexible Piezoelectric Thin‐Film Energy Harvesters and Nanosensors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Geon‐Tae Hwang, Myunghwan Byun, Chang Kyu Jeong, Keon Jae Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The use of inorganic‐based flexible piezoelectric thin films for biomedical applications has been actively reported due to their advantages of highly piezoelectric, pliable, slim, lightweight, and biocompatible properties. The piezoelectric thin films on plastic substrates can convert ambient mechanical energy into electric signals, even responding to tiny movements on corrugated surfaces of internal organs and nanoscale biomechanical vibrations caused by acoustic waves. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric thin films enable to develop not only self‐powered energy harvesters for eliminating batteries of bio‐implantable medical devices but also sensitive nanosensors for in vivo diagnosis/therapy systems. This paper provides recent progresses of flexible piezoelectric thin‐film harvesters and nanosensors for use in biomedical fields. First, developments of flexible piezoelectric energy‐harvesting devices by using high‐quality perovskite thin film and innovative flexible fabrication processes are addressed. Second, their biomedical applications are investigated, including self‐powered cardiac pacemaker, acoustic nanosensor for biomimetic artificial hair cells, in vivo energy harvester driven by organ movements, and mechanical sensor for detecting nanoscale cellular deflections. At the end, future perspective of a self‐powered flexible biomedical system is also briefly discussed with relation to the latest advancements of flexible electronics.
The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP
Authors: Laurie H. Sehn, Brian Berry, Mukesh Chhanabhai, Catherine Fitzgerald, Karamjit Gill, Paul Hoskins, Richard Klasa, Kerry J. Savage, Tamara Shenkier, Judy Sutherland, Randy D. Gascoyne, Joseph M. Connors
Journal: Blood (2006)