tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cutaneous Anthrax—Reply
Authors: William Borkowsky
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brimonidine prevents axonal and somatic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell neurons
Authors: Wendi S Lambert, Lupe Ruiz, Samuel D Crish, Larry A Wheeler, David J Calkins
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Brimonidine is a common drug for lowering ocular pressure and may directly protect retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. The disease involves early loss of retinal ganglion cell transport to brain targets followed by axonal and somatic degeneration. We examined whether brimonidine preserves ganglion cell axonal transport and abates degeneration in rats with elevated ocular pressure induced by laser cauterization of the episcleral veins.Ocular pressure was elevated unilaterally by 90% for a period of 8 weeks post- cauterization. During this time, brimonidine (1mg/kg/day) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) was delivered systemically and continuously via subcutaneous pump. Animals received bilateral intravitreal injections of fluorescent cholera toxin subunit β (CTB) two days before sacrifice to assess anterograde transport. In retinas from the vehicle group, elevated pressure induced a 44% decrease in the fraction of ganglion cells with intact uptake of CTB and a 14-42% reduction in the number of immuno-labelled ganglion cell bodies, with the worst loss occurring nasally. Elevated pressure also caused a 33% loss of ganglion cell axons in vehicle optic nerves and a 70% decrease in CTB transport to the superior colliculus. Each of these components of ganglion cell degeneration was either prevented or significantly reduced in the brimonidine treatment group.Continuous and systemic treatment with brimonidine by subcutaneous injection significantly improved retinal ganglion cell survival with exposure to elevated ocular pressure. This effect was most striking in the nasal region of the retina. Brimonidine treatment also preserved ganglion cell axon morphology, sampling density and total number in the optic nerve with elevated pressure. Consistent with improved outcome in the optic projection, brimonidine also significantly reduced the deficits in axonal transport to the superior colliculus associated with elevated ocular pressure. As transport deficits to and from retinal ganglion cell projection targets in the brain are relevant to the progression of glaucoma, the ability of brimonidine to preserve optic nerve axons and active transport suggests its neuroprotective effects are relevant not only at the cell body, but throughout the entire optic projection.
Letter: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: R. E. Johnstone
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently,The Journalpublished "Standards for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and (CPR) Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC)" (227:833, 1974). Several practical points, often omitted in professional training, need emphasis. Effective CPR requires group organization. Resuscitation teaching usually consists of lectures and of practice in ventilating and compressing a dummy. Seldom is a "cardiac arrest" simulated; trainees must learn organization and performance techniques at real arrests. Efficiently delivered resuscitation, however, is as important as scientific knowledge. Group practices and preorganization are helpful. Since resuscitation of an arrested patient is perhaps the most dramatic scene in medicine, many hospital personnel are attracted to the scene. Most want to help, but after six to ten people arrive, additional people decrease efficiency. Resuscitation team members should include an anesthesiologist, a cardiologist, a pharmacist, and three or four others to bring equipment, compress the chest, start an intravenous infusion, inject drugs, and record events, but
Variation in Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolites in Urine of Children Living in Agricultural Communities
Authors: William E. Lambert, Michael Lasarev, Juan Muniz, Jennifer Scherer, Joan Rothlein, Juanita Santana, Linda McCauley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Children of migrant farmworkers are at increased risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides because of "carry-home" transport processes and residential location. Although this at-risk status is generally recognized, few available reports describe the extent of this exposure among agricultural communities. We quantified dialkyl phosphate (DAP) levels in serial samples of urine from 176 children, 2-6 years of age, in three Oregon communities hosting differing agricultural industries: pears, cherries, and fruit berries. Up to three spot samples of urine were collected from children at the beginning, mid-point, and end of their parents' work seasons. The median levels of dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), the most commonly detected metabolite, was significantly higher in urine samples from children in each of the three agricultural communities (17.5, 19.0, and 41.0 ng/mL) relative to a reference group of children who lived in an urban community and whose parents did not work in agriculture (6.5 ng/mL; Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.001). After controlling for age, sex, and weight, the median level of DMTP in children in the pear community was 1.92 times higher than the level in children of the berry community [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-3.23] and 1.75 times higher than the level in children of the cherry community (95% CI, 0.95-3.23). We observed increasing levels of DMTP across the work season only within the berry community. Levels decreased in the cherry community and remained constant in the pear community. Substantial temporal variation within the children followed demonstrates the need for multiple urine samples to most accurately characterize longer term and/or cumulative exposure. The observed variability in urinary DAP levels, between communities and over time, could be attributed to the types and amounts of organophosphate pesticides used, the timing of applications and degradation of residues in the environment, work operations and hygiene practices, the proximity of housing to orchards and fields, or the movement of these working families. Additional studies of variation in pesticide exposure across agricultural regions are needed.
A Novel Recombinant Soluble Splice Variant of Met Is a Potent Antagonist of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor-Met Pathway
Authors: Zohar Tiran, Anat Oren, Chen Hermesh, Galit Rotman, Zurit Levine, Hagit Amitai, Tal Handelsman, Merav Beiman, Aviva Chen, Dalit Landesman-Milo, Liat Dassa, Yair Peres, Cynthia Koifman, Sarit Glezer, Rinat Vidal-Finkelstein, Kobi Bahat, Tania Pergam, Cylia Israel, Judith Horev, Ilan Tsarfaty, Michal Ayalon-Soffer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

The Met receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), are involved in a wide range of biological activities, including cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and angiogenesis. The HGF/SF-Met signaling pathway is frequently activated in a variety of cancers, and uncontrolled Met activation correlates with highly invasive tumors and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a novel soluble splice variant of Met on the HGF/SF-Met pathway.Using our alternative splicing modeling platform LEADS, we have identified a novel splice variant of the Met receptor, which encodes a truncated soluble form of the receptor. This variant was produced as a recombinant Fc-fused protein named Cgen-241A and was tested in various cell-based assays representing different outcomes of the HGF/SF-Met pathway.Cgen-241A significantly inhibited HGF/SF-induced Met phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation and survival. In addition, Cgen-241A showed a profound inhibitory effect on cell scattering, invasion, and urokinase up-regulation. The inhibitory effects of Cgen-241A were shown in multiple human and nonhuman cell types, representing different modes of Met activation. Furthermore, Cgen-241A showed direct binding to HGF/SF.Taken together, our results indicate that Cgen-241A is a potent antagonist of the HGF/SF-Met pathway, underlining its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a wide variety of human malignancies that are dependent on this pathway.
Reversal of bone marrow fibrosis and subsequent development of polycythemia in patients with myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Lilia Talarico, Barbara C. Wolf, Aruna Kumar, Lewis R. Weintraub
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Bone marrow fibrosis is a characteristic finding in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and in the spent phase of polycythemia vera. It is commonly believed that the reticulin deposition is irreversible. However, we report four patients who demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of transition from myelofibrosis to polycythemia. The transition was documented by improvement in the hemoglobin concentration and by determination of the Cr 51 red blood cell mass, accompanied by a resolution of the fibrosis on serial bone marrow biopsies. Two of the patients had been treated with alkylating agents and splenectomy, one with myelosuppressive therapy without splenectomy, and one with splenectomy alone. These findings indicate that bone marrow fibrosis in the chronic myeloproliferative disorders is not always an irreversible phenomenon. Pathogenetic implications will be discussed.
Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: E. B Swallow, D. Reyes, N. S Hopkinson, W. D-C Man, R. Porcher, E. J Cetti, A. J Moore, J. Moxham, M. I Polkey
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is poorly predicted by indices of air flow obstruction, because other factors that reflect the systemic nature of the disease also influence prognosis.To test the hypothesis that a reduction in quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction force (QMVC) is a useful predictor of mortality in patients with COPD.A mortality questionnaire was sent to the primary care physician of 184 patients with COPD who had undergone quadriceps strength measurement over the past 5 years. QMVC was expressed as a percentage of the patient's body mass index. The end point measured was death or lung transplantation, and median (range) follow-up was 38 (1-54) months.Data were obtained for 162 patients (108 men and 54 women) with a mean (SD) percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) predicted of 35.6 (16.2), giving a response rate of 88%. Transplant-free survival of the cohort was 93.5% at 1 year and 87.1% at 2 years. Cox regression models showed that the mortality risk increased with increasing age and with reducing QMVC. Only age (HR 1.72 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.6); p = 0.01) and QMVC (HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.99); p = 0.036) continued to be significant predictors of mortality when controlled for other variables in the multivariate analysis.QMVC is simple and provides more powerful prognostic information on COPD than that provided by age, body mass index and forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
Unique Metabolic Adaptation in the Fetus and Newborn
Authors: Marvin Cornblath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

For the past 15 years, a number of investigators have been exploring the metabolic homeostasis that occurs at birth. Removed from a constant infusion of essential nutrients, glucose, oxygen, essential free fatty acids and the luxury of a selective built-in detoxifier (the placenta and maternal liver and kidneys), the normal newborn must adapt to an independent existence in air. Within a matter of hours to days, he must readjust his fetal circulation to one compatible with his new source of oxygen, maintain his temperature and metabolic needs, initially on minimal intake, and then co-ordinate his ingestion, digestion, utilization and storage . . .
Electrophysiologic effects of thrombolytic therapy in patients with a transmural anterior myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular aneurysm formation
Authors: Philip T. Sager, Robin A. Perlmutter, Lynda E. Rosenfeld, Craig A. McPherson, Frans J.Th. Wackers, William P. Batsford
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure
Authors: Daniel J. Cher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 March 1997Dietary Calcium and Blood PressureDaniel J. Cher, MDDaniel J. Cher, MDPalo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The simultaneous publication of two well-done meta-analyses of the effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure [1, 2] gives insight into how meta-analyses are done. Both meta-analyses seem to have used rigorous methods, yet the number of studies combined (16 compared with 6 for hypertensive patients and 13 compared with 33 for normotensive patients) and the total number of study patients (1231 compared with 2412) were quite different. A brief review of some of the references indicates that the same study [3] was used for normotensive persons in one meta-analysis and for hypertensive patients in another and ...References1. Allender PS, Cutler JA, Follmann D, Cappuccio F, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:825-31. Google Scholar2. Bucher HC, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH, Lang JD, Cook DJ, Hatala R, et al. Effects of dietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure. JAMA. 1996; 275:1016-22. Google Scholar3. Cappuccio FP, Markandu ND, Singer DR, Smith SJ, Shore AC, MacGregor GA. Does oral calcium supplementation lower high blood pressure? A double blind study. J Hypertens. 1987; 5:67-71. Google Scholar4. Tanji JL, Lew EY, Wong GY, Treguboff C, Ward JA, Amsterdam EA, et al. Dietary calcium supplementation as a treatment for mild hypertension. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1991; 4:145-50. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 6Page: 492KeywordsBlood pressureCalcium Issue Published: 15 March 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in atopy prevalence and sibship effect in rural population at all ages
Authors: B. Sozańska, N. Pearce, M. Błaszczyk, A. Boznański, P. Cullinan
Journal: Allergy (2015)

We examined the associations of family size and birth order with atopy prevalence in rural Poland at two time periods.Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the same villages and a small town of lower Silesia at an interval of 9 years. In 2003, 1700 (88% of eligible individuals), and in 2012, 1730 (86%) inhabitants aged 5 years or more completed a questionnaire and had a skin prick test for atopy.There was an inverse association between family size and atopy in the village population in 2003; the prevalence of atopy was the highest for those with no siblings (15.2%) and decreased to 5.4% for those with three and more siblings (OR = 0.22; 0.07-0.66). In contrast, there was little or no such protective effect in the town population where the prevalence of atopy was much higher (7.3% in the villages, 20.0% in the town). Nine years later, the prevalence of atopy had increased in the village to be similar to that in the town (19.6% and 19.9% respectively), and the protective effects of family size and birth order in the villages were much weaker (OR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.33-1.27 for three or more siblings). Both protective effects were strongest among children.The protective effects of family size and birth order on atopy were much stronger in children than in adults and among those living in a village. They largely disappeared with the steep increase in atopy prevalence at all ages; this followed environmental changes on the village farms.
Symptom Stability in Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Data From a Naturalistic Two-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: David Mataix-Cols, Scott L. Rauch, Lee Baer, Jane L. Eisen, David M. Shera, Wayne K. Goodman, Steven A. Rasmussen, Michael A. Jenike
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Little is known about the longitudinal course of symptoms in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although some evidence exists regarding symptom stability in children and adolescents. This study systematically investigated the temporal stability of individual symptoms and symptom dimensions of OCD in adult patients who were followed prospectively for 2 years.One hundred seventeen adult outpatients with OCD from three U.S. sites were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist four times over a period of 2 years. Eighty-one (69%), 83 (71%), and 67 (57%) patients were available 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after initial screening, respectively. Different analytic methods assessed the stability of OCD symptoms within and between previously identified symptom dimensions.For the most part, patients maintained their symptoms throughout follow-up, although some symptoms were more stable than others. For the symptoms that changed, changes occurred within rather than between symptom dimensions; qualitative shifts from one dimension to another were rare. The strongest predictor of the presence of a particular symptom was having had that symptom in the past. Although most patients had received pharmacological and behavioral treatment during the follow-up period, changes within symptom dimensions could not be explained by overall clinical improvement over time.Symptoms of adult patients with OCD might be more stable across time than previously thought, with some symptoms waxing and waning within symptom dimensions and rarely involving shifts between dimensions. Longer follow-up studies involving larger samples are needed to better understand the fluctuations of OCD symptoms across time.
C-Reactive Protein Predicts the Deterioration of Glycemia in Chinese Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Kathryn C.B. Tan, Nelson M.S. Wat, Sidney C.F. Tam, Edward D. Janus, T.H. Lam, Karen S.L. Lam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Recent studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts future risk of diabetes in healthy Caucasians. We determined whether plasma CRP level was elevated in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and whether CRP level could be used to predict progression to type 2 diabetes or reversion to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in these high-risk individuals.A total of 228 subjects with IGT at baseline from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence Study underwent repeat oral glucose tolerance testing after 2 years. Plasma high-sensitivity CRP was measured from their stored baseline samples and from 228 subjects with NGT matched for age and BMI by an immunoturbidimetric assay.Subjects with IGT at baseline had higher plasma CRP levels than subjects with NGT: 1.18 mg/l (0.52-2.52) vs. 0.87 mg/l (0.37-1.84), median (interquartile range), P = 0.01. At 2 years, 117 subjects with IGT reverted to NGT, 84 remained in IGT, and 21 progressed to diabetes. Individuals who progressed to diabetes had the highest plasma CRP levels at baseline (P < 0.0001). Those with baseline CRP levels in the third and top quartile had a relative risk of remaining in IGT or progressing to diabetes of 2.87 (95% CI 1.06-7.82) and 2.76 (1.06-7.31), respectively, after adjusting for anthropometric measure and lifestyle factors.CRP independently predicts the risk of remaining in IGT or progressing to diabetes in Chinese subjects with IGT. CRP might provide an adjunctive measure for identifying subjects with the highest risk of progression to diabetes who would derive the greatest benefits from preventive interventions.
Ventricular fusion during resetting and entrainment of orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia involving septal accessory pathways. Implications for the differential diagnosis with atrioventricular nodal reentry.
Authors: J M Ormaetxe, J Almendral, A Arenal, J D Martínez-Alday, A Pastor, J P Villacastín, J L Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Ventricular fusion during transient entrainment of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardias (OAVRT) was originally found to be absent and recently observed only with left ventricular stimulation. However, previous studies were restricted to cases with a left free wall accessory pathway. The hypothesis of the present study was that fusion is likely during resetting and entrainment of OAVRT with right ventricular stimulation if the accessory pathway is septally located, since its insertion is relatively close to the stimulation site. This phenomenon can help in the differential diagnosis with atrioventricular nodal reentry (AVNR). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed programmed right ventricular stimulation during regular inducible supraventricular tachycardia with concentric atrial activation in 44 patients--20 with OAVRT and 24 with AVNR. Fusion in the ECG morphology of extrastimuli producing resetting was observed in 19 of 19 OAVRT but in 0 of 11 AVNR reset (P &lt; .001). Transient entrainment was demonstrated in all 31 cases undergoing rapid ventricular pacing (14 OAVRT and 17 AVNR). Entrainment with fusion occurred in 13 of 14 OAVRT and in 0 of 17 AVNR (P &lt; .001). Fusion was critically dependent on the coupling intervals or pacing rates, sometimes having a narrow window for its observation. CONCLUSIONS The relative proximity (conduction time) among pacing site, site of entrance to a reentrant circuit, and site of exit from the circuit to the paced chamber are critical for the occurrence of fusion during resetting and/or entrainment. The presence or absence of fusion during these phenomena can help in the differential diagnosis of certain supraventricular tachycardias.
Origins of origins of motor control
Authors: Esther Thelen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Examination of infant spontaneous and goal-directed arm movements supports Feldman and Levin's hypothesis of a functional hierarchy. Early infant movements are dominated by biomechanical and dynamic factors without external frames of reference. Development involves not only learning to generate these frames of reference, but also protecting the higher-level goal of the movement from internal and external perturbations.