tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TOTAL ENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE FOR RADICAL CURE OF ENLARGEMENT OF THAT ORGAN: WITH A REVIEW OF 206 CASES OF THE OPERATION
Authors: P. J. Freyer
Journal: BMJ (1905)

MDIALMacewen needle outside and then behind the vessel an alarming-gush of blood occurred, filling up the wound; on withdrawing the needle the bleeding ceased.Each further attempt at passing the needle produced a similar result.I thought that the innominate vein or one of its tributaries was wounded, these parts having become adherent to the artery as a result of the former operation.The wound was closed with- out drainage as before, and healed uneventfully.Third Operation, June 2nd.-Atransverse incision was made ab3ve the clavicle directly ever the aneurysm.When the aneurysm was reached, the dissection was carried on its inner side to the scalenus anticus, the outer half of which was divided transversely.The muscle and phrentc nerve being retracted inwards and the aneurysm outwards, about threequarters of an inch of the artery was exposed and tied with two separate ligatures, the first half an inch from, the second close against, the aneurysm.Chinese twist was used, tied in a surgical knot.The wound was closed without drainage and sealed.Pulsation ceased in the aneurysm and in the arteries of the limb.The circulation in the limb, with the ordinary precautions, kept fairly good.The wound was dressed on the ninth day and -found healed.The man was kept under my personal observation until the middle of December, 1904, when he left Cardiff to live in Portsmouth.Pulsation never returned in the aneurysm, the sac gradually subsiding into a flat, slightly tender area of the diameter of half a crown.The pressure symptoms down the arm became much-less.The pulse returned feebly in the right radial and temporal arteries.The man has done no work since the operation.and his doctor at Portsmouth, on.attempting to find him for me the other day, was, informed that he wasa,away on a drinking bout.;Thi .acqountsfor my not being able, as I intended, to show the man here to-day.Time.willonly permit me to make exceedingly brief com- ments on the case.As sepsis, with its 5ppsllifig complication of secondary haemorrhage, is what-imost_to .befeared-the precautions to procure asepsis should be o Ailninte and thoiogi-3the one or two special ones-that I to¢Ihavndicated.Asepsis being securea, cerebratloiWMMIs most to be feared as as cause of.death.To lesse: tfhis danger I suggest the ligature of-the carotid about a foriight before theinnominate.
The Nature of the Genius
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Can the genius really be defined? We all label some of our friends and acquaintances geniuses of one level or another. But what are our criteria? It's rather difficult to even begin to set standards. The author has presented his ideas in an ambitious work, attempting "to throw some light upon those exceptional and in many ways mysterious individuals that have appeared, and only very rarely, on this earth, the puzzling phenomenon of the true genius." Gemant's method is to discuss the problem of the genius in regard to the basic questions and the limits of the concept. He presents some of the essential characteristics, namely, the quasi-external compulsion, unselfishness, desire for survival, invention, mastery of craft, universality of mind, depth of perception, memory, perseverance, and prolificness. The personal and social elements discussed include character traits, outside intersts, relation to society, and personal life. A section is devoted to the
Early intervention for first episode psychosis
Authors: David Shiers, Helen Lester
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Needs greater involvement of primary care professionals for its success 

Early intervention in psychosis is a relatively new concept in mental health. It describes the policy of the health service and its response to increasing evidence of unacceptably long delays in accessing specialist services and the benefits of earlier detection and treatment for young people who experience their first episode of psychosis (when someone displays typical symptoms, such as distorted contacts with reality, delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, and no organic disorder can be found to explain those symptoms). It is also a concept that requires primary and secondary care and wider involvement of the community to make a difference to the outcome.

Like most mental disorders, functional psychoses such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder usually appear when people are young (80% of first episodes of psychoses occur between 16 and 30 years of age), at a critical time in their intellectual and social development and emerging personal autonomy. Worldwide, the burden of psychosis is exceeded only by quadriplegia and dementia.1 The all cause standardised mortality ratio for schizophrenia is 298, with an unnatural cause standardised mortality ratio (that includes suicide) …
Pneumothorax in the supine patient.
Authors: A R Cummin, M J Smith, A G Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Phobics and ritualisers who are depressed Quite a few phobias and rituals start during a period ofdepression and remain after the depression clears.Other pre-existing phobias and rituals worsen during a depressive episode.Such patients can benefit from antidepressants given over several months.Although some believe that certain compounds have special value, this is based on impressions from within group effects not from reliable controlled between group results (reviewed by Marks, chapter 161).Which particular tricyclic or monoamine oxidase inhibitor is used is not especially important, but the dose must be sufficient.Provided the patient is not mentally retarded, it is important that the antidepressants are used as an addition to exposure, not as a substitute for it.' 9- Role of relativesMany phobics and ritualisers suffer their severe handicap in silence, too ashamed to admit their problem even to close relatives.Others who confess their problem meet with incredulity and lack of sympathy or understanding."Pull yourself together" is a common response.A cynic might argue that behavioural psychotherapy is precisely that-an exercise in willpower.But it shows the patient how to do it systematically in manageable bits.The general practitioner can help the phobic by explaining the nature of the problem and its remedy to a close relative and perhaps recruit that relative as a cotherapist to support the hard work needed to complete an exposure programme successfully.What instruction does the doctor need?Some doctors can prescribe and monitor exposure treatment after reading instruction manuals written for patients.56Others want additional tuition.
Management of the Obstructed Airway
Authors: William H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The COMMENTARY of Gann was indeed timely because of the reasons he stated, and his Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Committee certainly reached the appropriate conclusions. The AHA data to which he alluded need to be clarified so that the EMS Committee conclusions can be properly supported. The results of the AHA survey were published in October 1979<sup>1</sup>and indicated that when used alone, back blows were successful 20.1% of the time; abdominal thrusts, 44%; chest thrusts, 36%; and finger probes, 17.3%. When used in combination with other maneuvers, back blows were successful 48.6% of the time; abdominal thrusts, 78.5%; chest thrusts, 64%; and finger probes, 57.6%. This in-depth analysis by Redding demonstrated that, in fact, there was no one maneuver when used by itself that was effective more than 44% of the time and that a sequence of a combination of maneuvers was clearly superior to
The stimulation of healing within a rat calvarial defect by mPCL–TCP/collagen scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2
Authors: A.A. Sawyer, S.J. Song, E. Susanto, P. Chuan, C.X.F. Lam, M.A. Woodruff, D.W. Hutmacher, S.M. Cool
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
EU reimporting drugs meant for Africa is only part of story
Authors: G. Crumplin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The proposed measures of the European Union to prevent reimportation of cheap drugs meant for Africa are welcome.1 However, experience of drug access programmes suggests that relabelling will address only part of the problem of corrupt diversion of medicines.

The Diflucan donation programme, which offers fluconazole free to patients with HIV infection or AIDS, has already altered the …
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone, the Renin–Aldosterone Axis, and Blood Pressure–Electrolyte Homeostasis
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, John H. Laragh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IN the past 25 years there has been tremendous growth in our understanding of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and of related intrarenal mechanisms for regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Moreover, exciting new research now indicates the existence of a complementary hormone, a natriuretic and vasorelaxant peptide that is secreted by the atria.The nature and possible need for a natriuretic hormone has been the subject of long-standing debate. To give a perspective on the issues, I will first review what is known about the endocrine control of electrolyte balance and blood pressure.The Coregulation of Blood Pressure and Sodium Balance . . .
Insulin is an independent correlate of plasma homocysteine levels in obese children and adolescents.
Authors: S Gallistl, K Sudi, H Mangge, W Erwa, M Borkenstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether anthropometric and metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) contribute to the variation in homocysteine levels in obese children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 84 children and adolescents were assessed for fasting total homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism (C677T mutation), folate and vitamin B12 status, and anthropometric and metabolic risk factors for CHD. RESULTS: No significant sex differences were found for all available anthropometric and metabolic characteristics except for homocysteine, which was significantly higher in boys than in girls (7.1 vs. 6.3 micromol/l; P&amp;lt;0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, homocysteine correlated significantly with BMI, fat mass, percentage of fat mass, and insulin and showed an inverse correlation with folate levels. Homocysteine did not correlate with vitamin B12; total cholesterol; LDL, HDL, and VLDL; triglycerides; and glucose. BMI and fat mass correlated significantly with insulin and showed a significant inverse correlation with folate. We found no association between homocysteine and the C677T mutation. In multiple regression analyses, insulin was found to be the main correlate of homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates for the first time that insulin is a main correlate of homocysteine in obese children and adolescents and suggests that fat mass-associated hyper-insulinism may contribute to impairment of homocysteine metabolism in childhood obesity
II. THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS AT THE ROYAL NAVAL HOSPITAL, CHATHAM: Results during the Last Two and a Half Years, and the Inferences to be Drawn from them
Authors: G. B. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1913)

after suspension of treatmienit in primary cases, and two years in secondary cases.The price of salvarsan and the aimlount of special work vwhich suclh a sclhemiie entails malik it inapplicable under present conditions to patients in poor circumstances, but it is hardly necessary to say tllat the control of syplhilis in its earlier stages affects tl.e lives anid lhappiness of a sufficiently large percentage of the population, present and future, to mwakie it of national importance.Whleln we had to reiy oni milerctury, it -was practically lhopeless to attenpt suclh a control, but witlh salvarsan, which ren(lers the patient inonl-infcctioLus so quickly, and lhas so markedly slhortened the durattion of treatmenit, our couIrse, tlhoualh still difficult, has become clearer, aind it is not too mLiuclh to lhope now that we shall be assisted with adequlate mlieasures in removing a great cuirse from oU1r iidst.II.
443 Weight gain and obesity after liver transplantation
Authors: J NEUBERGER, J RICHARDS, B GUNSON, J JOHNSON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The UK continental shelf experiences large tidal ranges and winter storm events, which can both generate strong near-bed currents. The regular tidal bottom currents from tides plus wind driven ‘benthic storms’ (dominated by wave-driven oscillatory currents in shallow water) are a major source of disturbance to benthic communities, particularly in shallow waters. We aim to identify and map the relative impact of the tides and storm events on the shallower parts of the North West European continental shelf.A 10-year simulation of waves, tides and surges on the continental shelf was performed. The shelf model was validated against current meter observations and the Centre for Environmental, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) network of SmartBuoys. Next, the model performance was assessed against seabed lander data from two sites in the Southern North Sea; one in deep water and another shallow water site at Sea Palling, and a third in Liverpool Bay. Both waves and currents are well simulated at the offshore Southern North Sea site. A large storm event was also well captured, though the model tends to underpredict bottom orbital velocity. Poorer results were achieved at the Sea Palling site, thought to be due to an overly deep model water depth, and missing wave–current interactions. In Liverpool Bay tides were well modelled and good correlations (average R2=0.89) are observed for significant wave height, with acceptable values (average R2=0.79) for bottom orbital velocity.Using the full 10-year dataset, return periods can be calculated for extreme waves and currents. Mapping these return periods presents a spatial picture of extreme bed disturbance, highlighting the importance of rare wave disturbances (e.g. with a return period of 1 in 10 years). Annual maximum currents change little in their magnitude and distribution from year to year, with mean speeds around 0.04 m s−1, and maximums exceeding 3 m s−1. Wave conditions however are widely variable throughout the year, depending largely on storm events. Typical significant wave heights (Hs) lie between 0.5 and 2 m, but storm events in shallow water can bring with them large waves of 5 m and above and up to 18 m in North West Approaches/North West Scotland (Sterl and Caires, 2005).The benthic disturbance generated by waves and currents is then estimated by calculating the combined force on an idealised object at the bed. The patterns of this disturbance reflect both regular tidal disturbance and rare wave events. Mean forces are typically 0.05–0.1 N, and are seen largely in areas of fast currents (>1ms−1). The pattern of maximum force however is more dependent on water depth and exposure to long-fetches (>1000km) suggesting that it is dominated by wave events.
Clinical Trial of Lamivudine in Children with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Maureen M. Jonas, Deirdre A. Kelley, Jacek Mizerski, Isabel B. Badia, Jorge A. Areias, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Nancy R. Little, Martin J. Greensmith, Stephen D. Gardner, M. Steve Bell, Etienne M. Sokal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Lamivudine therapy is effective for chronic hepatitis B infection in adults. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of lamivudine as a treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in children.
SCORE six-month angiographic results: improved restenosis in patients receiving the QUADDS-QP2 drug-eluting stent compared with the control, bare stents
Authors: Eberhard Grube, Alexandra J. Lansky, Nicholas Reitart, Jean Fajadet, Germano DiSciascio, Carlo DiMario, Karl Hauptmann, Antonio Colombo, Roland Bach, Sigmund Silber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Arthur Oliver Nixon Morris
Authors: Geoffrey Morris
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Psychiatrist who reinterpreted the Royal Free fatigue epidemic and wrote historical atlases Colin McEvedy was interested in mass movements of people, whether as a psychiatrist, historian, or demographer, but it was his analysis of a mystery illness at the Royal Free Hospital in London that made his name in psychiatry.In 1955 an epidemic swept through the nursing staff at the Royal Free, closing the hospital for three months.In all, 300 people were affected, 200 of whom were admitted.No one died and not one single hospital patient was affected, and no causative organism was ever found, though not for want of looking.The disease was described as a benign, myalgic form of encephalomyelitis.Fifteen years later, Colin McEvedy, then a senior registrar at the Middlesex Hospital, co-wrote two papers (with his boss, Professor Bill Beard), arguing, firstly, that the epidemic was one of conversion hysteria triggered by fear, probably of polio (BMJ 1970;1(687):7-11), which was still a serious problem at the time; and, secondly, that it was one of several reported similar epidemics, others of which were among hospital nurses (BMJ 1970;1(687):11-15).McEvedy was meanwhile writing a thesis on two epidemics of mass hysteria in girls' schools.His doctoral thesis was accepted without difficulty, but the papers on the Royal Free outbreak were greeted with howls of rage.Although he and Beard emphasised that the diagnosis of hysteria was "not a slur on the individuals or the institution involved" and that "the hysterical reaction is part of everyone's potential," many people, it seemed, felt that while hysteria was an acceptable diagnosis in the case of schoolgirls, it was not in the case of nurses.McEvedy and Beard's argument was that, in addition to the absence of an identifiable causative organism, most people recovered unremarkably, and most biochemical tests were normal.Most sufferers had depression, fatigue, and vague neurological signs.Many had paralysis or sensory disturbances, but their reflexes were normal.Taking the institution as a wholestaff, students, and patients-the epidemic affected 10.4% of women and only 2.8% of men.Two sufferers who died from other causes (ovarian cancer, disseminated
Fungal Septicemia in Patients Receiving Parenteral Hyperalimentation
Authors: Cynthia Rapp Curry, Paul G. Quie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Thirty-three patients with fungal septicemia at the University of Minnesota Hospital were seen during an 18-month period, January, 1968, through August, 1969. Twenty-two of these 33 patients (67 per cent) had received parenteral hyperalimentation for severe gastrointestinal dysfunction. Fungal septicemia was not related to steroid therapy or immunologic deficiency i te patiets receiing hyperalimentation. However, a correlation with prolonged intravenous catheterization was found. More recently, during a prospective study of all patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation, septicemia complicated the course of therapy in 13 of 49. In eight of these patients, Candida albicans was the causative microbial species.
Whole-genome sequencing of liver cancers identifies etiological influences on mutation patterns and recurrent mutations in chromatin regulators
Authors: Akihiro Fujimoto, Yasushi Totoki, Tetsuo Abe, Keith A Boroevich, Fumie Hosoda, Ha Hai Nguyen, Masayuki Aoki, Naoya Hosono, Michiaki Kubo, Fuyuki Miya, Yasuhito Arai, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Takuya Shirakihara, Masao Nagasaki, Tetsuo Shibuya, Kaoru Nakano, Kumiko Watanabe-Makino, Hiroko Tanaka, Hiromi Nakamura, Jun Kusuda, Hidenori Ojima, Kazuaki Shimada, Takuji Okusaka, Masaki Ueno, Yoshinobu Shigekawa, Yoshiiku Kawakami, Koji Arihiro, Hideki Ohdan, Kunihito Gotoh, Osamu Ishikawa, Shun-ichi Ariizumi, Masakazu Yamamoto, Terumasa Yamada, Kazuaki Chayama, Tomoo Kosuge, Hiroki Yamaue, Naoyuki Kamatani, Satoru Miyano, Hitoshi Nakagama, Yusuke Nakamura, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
The Discovery and Control of Ejection in Automobile Accidents
Authors: Robert A. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This paper collates results of 4 Cornell University studies of automobile accidents. Ejection of passengers was discovered to be a major cause of injury in 1954. Two cures for ejection were introduced: safety door latches and safety belts. A 1958 study estimated that 5,500 lives could theoretically be saved annually in the United States if ejection could be eliminated. An evaluation of safety belt effectiveness in 1960 showed that major-fatal injuries could be reduced by 35% by using safety belts. Evaluation of safety door latches indicated that they were attaining about 32% of their ideal effectiveness. Calculations now indicate that door latches may actually be saving about 792 lives per year, while safety belts are saving about 64 lives per year.
Abstract 5498: Changes in expression of DNA repair genes in human leukemia cells treated with laromustine
Authors: Kristen N. Robinson, Kathryn A. Coe, Justin E. Owumi, Kevin P. Rice
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The anticancer prodrug laromustine induces cytotoxic DNA damage and has had clinical success against acute myelogenous leukemia and glioblastoma multiforme. The causative DNA damage is principally a G-C interstrand crosslink preceded by 2-chloroethylation of guanine O6 by a subspecies of laromustine generated in situ upon base-catalyzed activation. Another cogenerated electrophile, methylisocyanate, contributes synergistically with the DNA alkylating activity towards cytotoxicity. Given this synergism, DNA repair enzymes are considered likely targets of methylisocyanate, which can carbamoylate amines and sulfhydryls. The inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and DNA polymerase beta by laroumustine's carbamoylating activity, observed in vitro, may contribute to cytotoxicity. To further investigate the relationship between laromustine and DNA repair, drug-induced changes in the transcription of 88 DNA repair genes were measured in cultured human promyelocytic (HL-60) cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Cells were treated with laromustine or vehicle for six hours before harvesting mRNA for analysis. The expression of a subset of the tested genes emerged as significantly different in cells treated with laromustine as compared to control cells. Included among those genes with significantly increased expression were: NTHL1 (17 fold), PARP1 (8 fold), and AGT (5 fold). Included among those genes with significantly decreased expression were: PARP2 (-5 fold) and MSH6 (-74 fold). Increased expression of NTHL1, which encodes for an N-glycosylase that can remove damaged guanine bases, may reduce the effectiveness of laromustine's alkylation of guanine O6. A strong negative correlation between the level of AGT activity in patient samples and the efficacy of laromustine has already been established. Some of the gene products identified in this study, such as NTHL1, may emerge as possible cotherapeutic targets or markers for clinical screening. Citation Format: Kristen N. Robinson, Kathryn A. Coe, Justin E. Owumi, Kevin P. Rice. Changes in expression of DNA repair genes in human leukemia cells treated with laromustine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5498