tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction of the bleeding time in treated patients with severe von willebrand disease is not solely dependent on the normal multimeric structure of plasma von willebrand factor
Authors: P. M. Mannucci, M. Moia, D. Altieri, P. Rebulla, J. Monteagudo, R. Castillo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Even though it is generally held that cryoprecipitate and fraction I‐0 correct the prolonged bleeding time (BT) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), perusal of reported data indicates that the correction is usually short‐lasting and often partial. We decided to do a controlled study of the relationship between the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the BT in five patients with severe (type III) VWD after infusion of three plasma concentrates (“wet” cryoprecipitate, lyophilized cryoprecipitate, and fraction I‐0) given in random order. The dosage of concentrates was tailored from in vitro measurements to achieve post‐infusion levels of ristocetin cofactor above the lower normal limit (50 U/dL) for at least 3 hours. The postinfusion BT became transiently normal in only two of five patients treated with wet cryoprecipitate, whereas it remained prolonged in all five patients treated with lyophilized cryoprecipitate or fraction I‐0. For all the concentrates, the proportion of large VWF multimers calculated by scanning the electrophoretic gels were the same as those for normal standard plasmas. An intact multimeric structure was recovered in postinfusion plasmas of patients treated with wet cryoprecipitate, whereas there was a postinfusion loss of large multimers after lyophilized cryoprecipitate and fraction I‐0. These findings indicate that the attainment of a normal BT is the exception rather than the rule after the infusion of three plasma fractions used in the treatment of severe VWD, and that an intact multimeric structure in concentrates and postinfusion plasmas is necessary but not sufficient to sustain a normal BT.
DNA receptor dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus and kindred disorders. Induction by anti-DNA antibodies, antihistone antibodies, and antireceptor antibodies.
Authors: R M Bennett, B L Kotzin, M J Merritt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The ability of sera from patients with SLE and similar connective tissue diseases to induce dysfunction of the receptor for DNA was studied. All SLE and MCTD sera studied resulted in marked inhibition of DNA receptor binding. Furthermore, the sera from a subgroup of patients with other rheumatic diseases and a surprisingly high percentage of asymptomatic relatives of SLE patients exhibited a similar effect. The humoral factors causing this defect were shown to be of at least three reactivities: (a) antibodies to DNA, (b) antibodies to histones, and (c) antibodies to the DNA receptor itself. The reactivity of anti-DNA and antihistone antibodies is dependent upon intact cell-surface DNA, and reconstitution experiments suggest that antihistone antibodies are reactive with histones complexed to this DNA, which in turn is bound to the DNA receptor. Cells with an antibody-induced DNA receptor defect are unable to bind DNA; the subsequent inability to degrade DNA may have important consequences in diseases such as SLE in which DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes are of pathogenetic significance.
Expression of laminins and their integrin receptors in different conditions of synovial membrane and synovial membrane-like interface tissue
Authors: Y. T Konttinen, T. F. Li, J. W. Xu, M. Tagaki, L. Pirila, T. Silvennoinen, S. Santavirta, I. Virtanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To demonstrate the expression of laminins (Lns) and their integrin (Int) receptors in different synovial samples and synovial membrane-like interface tissues from well fixed and aseptically loosened total hip replacement (THR), and the potential role of Ln-Int interaction in the production of collagenases and cytokines.Immunohistochemical staining was done to detect the distribution of EHS Ln, Ln alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, beta1, beta2 chains and Int alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, beta4 subunits in different samples. Double immunofluorescence labelling was used to find colocalisation of Int alpha6 subunit and collagenase-1/collagenase-3/TNFalpha/IL6.General Ln immunoreactivity was detected in all specimens. Ln alpha5, beta1 and beta2, but not alpha2 and alpha3 chains were seen in the synovial lining and the basement membrane of blood vessels with the intensity/extent of labelling in the following rank order: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) loosened prostheses, osteoarthritis, well fixed prostheses, traumatic knees. Among Int subunits, staining for beta1 was usually the strongest, followed by staining for Int alpha6, alpha1, alpha3, and alpha2 subunits, with the same rank order for overall expression of Lns. Int beta4 subunit was not detectable in most of the specimens. Double labelling focused on Int alpha6 subunit disclosed its frequent colocalisation with collagenases 1 and 3 and with tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in synovial lining.Synovial lining contains Ln-10, Ln-11, and Int alpha6beta1 and alpha1beta1 receptors. In aseptic loosening of THR, interface tissue has a similar Ln subtype and Int receptor composition as RA synovium, which confirms its "lining-like" phenotype. Synovial lining does not contain Ln-5 (alpha3beta3gamma2) or Int alpha6beta4, which are components of epithelial hemidesmosomes. The expression of Lns and their Int receptors is upregulated in inflammation. The close spatial relation between Ln and its Int receptors in synovial lining cells containing proteinases and cytokines suggests a potential role in joint destruction and prosthetic loosening.
Dying Patients and Palliative Sedation
Authors: Egidio Del Fabbro, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Young people, alcohol, and designer drinks: quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: K. Hughes, A. M. MacKintosh, G. Hastings, C. Wheeler, J. Watson, J. Inglis
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the appeal of “designer drinks” to young people. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative and quantitative research comprising group discussions and questionnaire led interviews with young people accompanied by a self completion questionnaire. <b>Settings:</b> Argyll and Clyde Health Board area west Scotland. <b>Subjects:</b> Eight groups aged 12-17 years; 824 aged 12-17 recruited by multistage cluster probability sample from the community health index. <b>Results:</b> Young people were familiar with designer drinks especially MD 20/20 and leading brands of strong white cider. Attitudes towards these drinks varied quite distinctly with age clearly reflecting their attitudes towards and motivations for drinking in general. The brand imagery of designer drinks–in contrast with that of more mainstream drinks–matched many 14 and 15 year olds9 perceptions and expectations of drinking. Popularity of designer drinks peaked between the ages of 13 and 16 while more conventional drinks showed a consistent increase in popularity with age. Consumption of designer drinks tended to be in less controlled circumstances and was associated with heavier alcohol intake and greater drunkenness. <b>Conclusions:</b> Designer drinks are a cause for concern. They appeal to young people often more so than conventional drinks and are particularly attractive to 14-16 year olds. Consumption of designer drinks is also associated with drinking in less controlled environments heavier drinking and greater drunkenness. There is a need for policy debate to assess the desirability of these drinks and the extent to which further controls on their marketing are required. <h3>Key messages</h3> There has been concern that designer drinks might have a particular appeal for teenagers and be legitimising under age drinking Young people aged 14 and 15 years want drinks to be relatively strong inexpensive and pleasant tasting Designer drinks are seen by 14 and 15 year olds to have these qualities and as a result are particularly appealing By contrast for 16 and 17 year olds many designer drinks signal under age drinking and immaturity Consumption of designer drinks is associated with heavier alcohol consumption drinking in less controlled environments and greater drunkenness
How we took control and became more efficient
Authors: M. Griffith, J. Townend
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The years of increased NHS spending under the last Labour government delivered an increase in the volume of healthcare, but no improvement in efficiency and productivity.1 Many factors contributed to this situation, but a major one was probably the lack of any attempt to incentivise clinical staff. Instead, a system of mandatory performance targets has been imposed from the centre, often leading to unintended adverse clinical consequences. Additionally, the allocation of departmental funding on the basis of the past year’s spending creates a perverse incentive to increase rather than reduce costs. The disadvantages of such a centrally planned economic system on workers’ motivation have been well described.2 3

Personal financial gain is a widely used motivator and is very powerful, but that power can lead to inappropriate clinical decisions. The suspicion that the saving of money based on personal financial gain results in inappropriate and even inferior care has harmed the relationship between patient and doctor.4 5 …
The genetic predisposition of natural killer cell to BK virus–associated nephropathy in renal transplant patients
Authors: Hanna Trydzenskaya, Karsten Juerchott, Nils Lachmann, Katja Kotsch, Kristina Kunert, Benjamin Weist, Constanze Schönemann, Ralf Schindler, Peter Nickel, Matthias F. Melzig, Christian Hugo, Oliver Thomusch, Avidan U. Neumann, Petra Reinke, Nina Babel
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Mark K. Slifka, Ian J. Amanna
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uremic Pericarditis
Authors: GEORGE L. BAILEY, CONSTANTINE L. HAMPERS, EDWARD B. HAGER, JOHN P. MERRILL
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Uremic pericarditis occurred in 41% of 83 patients admitted to the chronic dialysis program at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. In the vast majority of these patients the pericarditis was present before dialysis and cleared clinically after beginning therapy. Instances of pericarditis that developed during regular dialysis were associated with metabolic stress such as surgery or infection or inadequate dialysis. When the pericarditis failed to resolve the patients usually died with sepsis or had severe tamponade which necessitated early pericardiectomy. The two cases reported illustrate resorption of massive pericardial effusions with dialysis. The utility of percutaneous pericardial catheterization as a treatment for uremic pericardial tamponade is demonstrated.
Principles of Biochemistry
Authors: Howard S. Tager
Journal: JAMA (1993)

One cannot begin to review<i>Principles of Biochemistry</i>without reflecting on its history. Twenty-three years ago the late Professor Albert L. Lehninger of The Johns Hopkins University authored<i>Biochemistry</i>. It was the first biochemistry textbook; it emphasized readability, student engagement, comprehensiveness without overbearing inclusiveness; and it even had innovative production, with wide margins that were most often (but not always) the home of careful illustrations. Students and teachers alike embraced<i>Biochemistry</i>for bringing the chemistry of biological systems and the molecular basis of life into the domains of ordinary understandability and educational importance at both undergraduate and graduate levels. In 1975 an even better second edition appeared. In 1982 Lehninger wrote a new text called<i>Principles of Biochemistry. Principles</i>followed the general pattern of<i>Biochemistry</i>, but its focus and format were somehow different. Lehninger wrote in the preface that "the time has come when a single biochemistry textbook cannot be
Retreatment immediately after gamma radiation for in-stent restenosis results in need for target vessel revascularization beyond target lesion
Authors: Makoto Hirose, Yoshio Kobayashi, Roxana Mehran, Issam Moussa, George Dangas, Ramona Pop, Milena Adamian, Michael Collins, Mark A. Grise, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Paul S. Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE STATINS ON VASCULAR WALL DAMAGE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN AORTIC COARCTATION
Authors: Paul Luiiendiik, Berto Bouma, Joris Vriend, Hubert Vliegen, Maarten Groenink, Eric De Groot, Petronella Pieper, Arie van Dijk, Gert-Jan Sieswerda, Gerrit Veen, Aeilko Zwinderman, Barbara Mulder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Impairs Host Defense in Gram-Negative Sepsis Caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis)
Authors: W. Joost Wiersinga, Catharina W Wieland, Mark C Dessing, Narisara Chantratita, Allen C Cheng, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Wirongrong Chierakul, Masja Leendertse, Sandrine Florquin, Alex F de Vos, Nicholas White, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas P Day, Sharon J Peacock, Tom van der Poll
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in host defense against pathogens by virtue of their capacity to detect microbes and initiate the immune response. TLR2 is seen as the most important receptor for gram-positive bacteria, while TLR4 is regarded as the gram-negative TLR. Melioidosis is a severe infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, that is endemic in Southeast Asia. We aimed to characterize the expression and function of TLRs in septic melioidosis. Methods and Findings Patient studies: 34 patients with melioidosis demonstrated increased expression of CD14, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 on the cell surfaces of monocytes and granulocytes, and increased CD14, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, LY96 (also known as MD-2), TLR5, and TLR10 mRNA levels in purified monocytes and granulocytes when compared with healthy controls. In vitro experiments: Whole-blood and alveolar macrophages obtained from TLR2 and TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were less responsive to B. pseudomallei in vitro, whereas in the reverse experiment, transfection of HEK293 cells with either TLR2 or TLR4 rendered these cells responsive to this bacterium. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pseudomallei signals through TLR2 and not through TLR4. Mouse studies: Surprisingly, TLR4 KO mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice with respect to bacterial outgrowth and survival in experimentally induced melioidosis. In contrast, TLR2 KO mice displayed a markedly improved host defenses as reflected by a strong survival advantage together with decreased bacterial loads, reduced lung inflammation, and less distant-organ injury. Conclusions Patients with melioidosis displayed an up-regulation of multiple TLRs in peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes. Although both TLR2 and TLR4 contribute to cellular responsiveness to B. pseudomallei in vitro, TLR2 detects the LPS of B. pseudomallei, and only TLR2 impacts on the immune response of the intact host in vivo. Inhibition of TLR2 may be a novel treatment strategy in melioidosis.
Fetal Atrioventricular Flow-Velocity Waveforms and Their Relation to Arterial and Venous Flow-Velocity Waveforms at 8 to 20 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Paula van Splunder, Theo Stijnen, Juriy W. Wladimiroff
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the nature and gestational age-related changes of human fetal AV flow-velocity waveforms and to establish their relationship with arterial impedance indexes and venous flow velocities in normal human fetuses between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation. Methods and Results Flow-velocity waveform recordings were attempted in 318 singleton pregnancies. After the exclusion criteria were applied, data on 214 women were available for further analysis. Differentiation between E wave and A wave became possible at 9 weeks, whereas distinction between transmitral and transtricuspid valve flow velocities was first achieved at 10 to 11 weeks. A statistically significant nonlinear gestational age-dependent increase was established for all AV waveform parameters, which became linear when related to logarithmically estimated fetal crown-to-rump length. Transtricuspid valve flow velocities were significantly higher than transmitral valve flow velocities. Transmitral valve time-averaged flow velocities were positively correlated with peak diastolic velocities and time-velocity integral of late-diastolic reverse flow in the inferior vena cava. No correlation existed between AV time-averaged velocities and arterial impedance indexes. Conclusions Monophasic AV flow-velocity waveforms can be recorded as early as 8 weeks of gestation and become biphasic as early as 8 weeks. They demonstrate a linear increase relative to logarithmically estimated fetal crown-to-rump length, suggesting that fetal growth-related increase in volume flow plays a role in this velocity rise. Transtricuspid valve A-wave and E-wave velocities suggest right ventricular predominance as early as the late first trimester of pregnancy. AV flow velocities are not related to arterial downstream impedance.
Comment on Hyperbole: Statement of the Drug Research Board
Authors: John D. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

At the risk of being repetitious, we feel obliged to return to a theme explored repeatedly in past issues ofThe Journal. 1-4 This situation reminds me (R.H.M.) of an experience that occurred during my army years. I was attending the Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. On the first day in our nervously chattering class of Military Map Reading, in strode an impressive full colonel: elegant, beribboned, and ramrod erect. He stared sternly at the large group. Then he spoke in measured words, Gentlemen, I am Colonel Jones, your instructor in map reading. I wish to state at the outset of this course, that at all times, I reserve the right to use the terms north and south interchangeably!  This ice-breaking introduction is reminiscent of the ambiguous, mad-hatterish resolution of the Drug Research Board of the National Research Council (NB: the final paragraph):  WHEREAS, The patient's
Hormonal Responses to Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Man
Authors: G. M. Besser, A. S. McNeilly, D. C. Anderson, J. C. Marshall, P. Harsoulis, R. Hall, B. J. Ormston, L. Alexander, W. P. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The effects of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, synthetic decapeptide luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH), have been studied in 18 normal men and five women in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Rapid and dose-dependent (25 to 100 μg) increases in serum immunoreactive LH were seen, which reached a peak 20 to 30 minutes after a rapid intravenous injection. Similar but much smaller increases in serum immunoreactive FSH were seen. These conclusions have been validated by using two different immunoassay systems for each hormone. The LH/FSH-RH therefore causes both LH and FSH release in man as in animals but does not affect growth hormone, thyrotrophin, or ACTH. The gonadotrophin responses were the same in the women as in the men but were insufficient in the men to cause statistically significant changes in the serum levels of the gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone or oestradiol, or in their precursors 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone or progesterone. In the women, however, there was a rise in oestradiol after the 100-μg doses. The use of LH/FSH-RH will provide an important test to define the level of the lesion in hypogonadal patients and also should be valuable in the treatment of some types of male and female infertility. A simple and clinically useful LH/FSH-RH test of pituitary function is described (100 μg given intravenously), and the provisional normal responses of LH and FSH at 20 and 60 minutes are given.
FM ultrasonography: A revolution?
Authors: Peter N. Burns, Lynwood Hammers
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

FM sonography—a signal-processing technique that uses frequency and phase information as well as amplitude data—shows promise in evaluation of patients with diffuse liver disease. In a prospective blinded review of 37 patients with biopsyproved liver disease and 42 healthy volunteers, FM sonography was clearly superior to traditional amplitude-based (AM) sonography in distinguishing healthy from diseased subjects. Statistically significant differences were seen in accuracy (FM, 98.7%; AM, 84.8%), sensitivity (FM, 97.3%; AM, 70.3%), and negative predictive value (FM, 97.7%; AM, 78.8%). Our data also suggest that current FM sonographic techniques cannot differentiate among histologic findings associated with different hepatic parenchymal abnormalitites. It is unclear, therefore, whether FM imaging can reduce the numbers of patients who require biopsy for diagnosis or the frequency of biopsy procedures in patients with known disease.