tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short Stature Due to Genetic Defects Affecting Growth Hormone Activity
Authors: Zvi Laron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Postnatal growth and, to a much lesser degree, intrauterine growth are critically dependent on the expression of the pituitary growth hormone GH-1 gene and the consequent generation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver and other tissues. The secretion of growth hormone is determined by an interplay between growth hormone–releasing hormone and an inhibitory hormone, somatostatin.Growth hormone–releasing hormone, which is secreted by the arcuate nucleus and premamillary area of the hypothalamus, increases the synthesis as well as the secretion of growth hormone. Somatostatin is also secreted by the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Pituitary tissue contains a . . .
Molecular cancer epidemiology can predict risk
Authors: R C. Garner, K. Dingley, C. M Dale
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The pioneering epidemiological studies by Richard Doll and colleagues on the links between cigarette smoking and a wide variety of cancers provide the strongest evidence for a link between environmental exposure and induction of cancer.1 It has come to our notice that the range of cancers induced by cigarette smoking could have been predicted by use of the new research techniques of molecular cancer epidemiology. This studies the molecular changes in people as …
Increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 expression and decreased sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1c expression are associated with reduced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation after insulin therapy in high-fat–diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Yan Bi, Mengyin Cai, Hua Liang, Weiping Sun, Xiubin Li, Chunxia Wang, Yanhua Zhu, Xiang Chen, Ming Li, Jianping Weng
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
704 ABSENCE OF ARTERIAL HYPERVASCULARIZATION AT CEUS DOES NOT RULE OUT HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN NODULES ≤2 CM IN A CIRRHOTIC LIVER
Authors: A. Forner, R. Vilana, L. Bianchi, C. Rodríguez de Lope, M. Reig, S. Tremosini, M.A. García-Criado, J. Rimola, M. Solé, C. Ayuso, C. Bru, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Assay of Digitalis Concentrations in Blood
Authors: Frank I. Marcus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Research in the metabolism of the cardiac glycosides has been hampered by the lack of methods sufficiently sensitive to measure the minute concentrations of digitalis in the blood of patients receiving therapeutic doses. Investigations using 14C and 3H-labeled cardiac glycosides have yielded basic information as well as data of distinct clinical importance.1 Elegant, sensitive methods such as that described by Smith and his associates in this issue of the Journal should now make it possible to measure the concentrations of cardiac glycosides in blood without administering radioisotopic digitalis preparations. Determinations are possible within one or several hours. These methods represent . . .
Abstract 1212: The dual action antibody MEHD7945A targeting EGFR and HER3 enhances chemotherapy induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lisa M. Crocker, Carter Fields, Lily Shao, Mark X. Sliwkowski, Gail D. Lewis Phillips, Gabriele Schaefer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4) by mutation and/or overexpression plays an important role in tumorigenesis, and targeted agents directed against two members of the HER/ErbB family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1), and HER2/ErbB2, are used in the treatment of cancer. Extensive crosstalk seen among these receptors implies that blocking signaling of more than one receptor may be more effective in inhibiting tumor growth and circumventing resistance mechanisms than targeting individual receptors. In particular, HER3 is considered a key mediator of resistance to many targeted agents. We generated a “two-in-one” antibody, MEHD7945A, that binds to EGFR and HER3 with high affinity, inhibits receptor function and is more broadly efficacious in various tumor types when compared to monospecific anti-EGFR or anti-HER3 antibodies. Given the ability of HER3 to potently activate the PI3K survival pathway, we investigated if antagonizing ligand-dependent HER signaling with MEHD7945A in the presence of chemotherapy augments cytotoxicity. We calculated combination index values the effects of combining MEHD7945A with commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC and colorectal cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The NSCLC lines NCI-H292, NCI-H1666, NCI-H358 and HCC827 were treated with MEHD7945A plus gemcitabine over a wide range of drug concentrations. Cell proliferation data were analyzed using CalcuSyn software and all combination index values were &amp;lt;1, demonstrating that the combination of MEHD7945A and gemcitabine inhibited proliferation synergistically in these cells. To further explore the enhanced cytotoxic effect we evaluated the combination of MEHD7945A and gemcitabine, versus each single agent, in the NCI-H1975 NSCLC xenograft model, and observed enhanced tumor regression. Similar results were observed when MEHD7945A was combined with a range of chemotherapeutic agents, including pemetrexed, docetaxel and irinotecan in H1975, H441 or SW948 xenograft models. In summary, these in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that MEHD7945A potentiates various cytotoxic agents in a variety of tumor types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1212. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1212
UK government wants to expand duty of candour
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK government may enlarge its proposed new statutory duty of candour for institutions providing NHS healthcare in England, after representations from patient safety campaigners.

Ministers are asking the advice of experts on whether hospitals should be required to tell patients or their relatives that something has gone wrong if the harm was only moderate. Campaigners criticised the original proposal for the duty to cover only cases of death or serious harm.

The rethink has emerged as the health secretary for England, Jeremy Hunt, unveiled the government’s response to the report of the public inquiry into failings at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.1 Hunt said that he had listened to campaigners such as Peter Walsh, chief executive of Action against Medical Accidents, but was also taking expert advice to try to ensure that there …
The Investigation of Brainerd Diarrhea-Reply
Authors: Kristine L. MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Walter's letter, we would like to emphasize that numerous aspects of our investigation were not described in detail because of constraints on the length of our manuscript. Therefore, we elaborated only on the specific issues that we, the manuscript reviewers, and the<i>JAMA</i>editors believed were most relevant from a clinical and laboratory perspective. This investigation involved extensive laboratory and veterinary support and expertise, as demonstrated in the acknowledgments section of our article. Eleven different laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and laboratories at the Minnesota Department of Health and Department of Agriculture participated in the microbiological investigation. Our microbiological studies are continuing at this time. In addition, during the first three months of our investigation we convened a panel of 12 consultants from academic institutions nationwide, who have diverse expertise in the microbiology and clinical aspects of diarrheal diseases, to assist us
P124 Neuroventilatory uncoupling during cycle and treadmill exercise in COPD
Authors: C. J. Jolley, Y. M. Luo, J. Steier, G. Rafferty, M. I. Polkey, J. Moxham
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> It is widely accepted that neuroventilatory uncoupling drives breathlessness in COPD. COPD patients are more likely to stop exercising because of breathlessness during treadmill exercise than whilst cycling. <h3>Aim</h3> To test the hypothesis that patients exhibit higher levels of neuroventilatory uncoupling during treadmill exercise than whilst cycling. <h3>Methods</h3> Diaphragm electromyogram (EMG<sub>di</sub>) and parasternal intercostal muscle EMG (EMG<sub>PS</sub>) activity were recorded in 12 COPD patients (mean (SD) age 66.7 (7.0) years, FEV<sub>1</sub> 38.7 (14.5)% predicted, 11 male), during incremental cycle and treadmill exercise to exhaustion. For each muscle, the mean peak root mean square (RMS) EMG per breath over the final 30 s of each minute was normalised to peak RMS EMG recorded during maximal inspiratory manoeuvres, and corrected for inspiratory time and respiratory rate (EMG<sub>di</sub>index, EMG<sub>PS</sub>index). Borg breathlessness was assessed every minute and at exhaustion. <h3>Results</h3> EMG<sub>PS</sub>index and EMG<sub>PS</sub> activity per unit ventilation (EMG<sub>PS</sub>index/V<sub>E</sub>) were higher at exhaustion during treadmill exercise (Abstract P124 Table 1). A higher V<sub>E</sub> at exhaustion whilst cycling approached statistical significance. EMG<sub>di</sub>index and breathlessness were not significantly different at exhaustion when exercise modes were compared. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A higher EMG<sub>PS</sub>index/V<sub>E</sub> and lower V<sub>E</sub> at exhaustion during treadmill exercise suggest that neuroventilatory uncoupling is greater than during cycle exercise. This did not translate to greater breathlessness during treadmill exercise in this study, but warrants further investigation in a larger group of patients.
Meta-analysis of the association of dermatomyositis and polymyositis with cancer
Authors: J. Wang, G. Guo, G. Chen, B. Wu, L. Lu, L. Bao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Although some features of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) have been reported as possible prognostic indicators for cancer development, previous studies were small in size and were unable to establish a definitive relationship between neoplasms and DM and PM.To evaluate risk factors for developing malignancies in patients with DM and PM.Meta-analysis of the studies reported in the literature was performed to unveil risk factors for developing cancer among patients with DM and PM. The included studies were either cohort or retrospective case-control studies with information on cancer status. Risk for malignancy was determined as the odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), determined by fixed and random effects models. Stata 10.0 software was used to identify possible publication bias.Twenty studies with 380 patients and 1575 controls were included in the analysis. The factors that may increase the risk of cancer in patients with DM and PM were older age (WMD 11·41, 95% CI 9·84-12·98), male sex (OR 1·92, 95% CI 1·49-2·48), cutaneous necrosis (OR 5·52, 95% CI 3·49-8·74) and dysphagia (OR 2·41, 95% CI 1·50-3·86), whereas those that may provide protection against cancer included arthritis (OR 0·38, 95% CI 0·24-0·61) and interstitial lung disease (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·20-0·51).Our data suggest that age, sex, cutaneous necrosis, dysphagia, arthritis and lung complications may influence susceptibility to cancer in patients with DM and PM.
Myocardial Revascularization With Laser
Authors: O.H. Frazier, Denton A. Cooley, Kamuran A. Kadipasaoglu, Seckin Pehlivanoglu, Matthias Lindenmeir, Eddy Barasch, Jeff L. Conger, Susan Wilansky, W.H. Moore
Journal: Circulation (1995)

We assessed the transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) as sole therapy in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease refractory to interventional or medical treatment.Thirty-one patients were evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET), dobutamine echocardiography, 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl-SPECT), and multigated acquisition radionuclide ventriculography (MUGA). TMLR was performed in 21 patients who had demonstrable ischemia in viable myocardium. The mean Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class was 3.70 +/- 0.7 (4 patients with unstable angina). Untreated septal segments were used as controls. At 3 months, (n = 15 patients), the mean CCS angina class was to 2.43 +/- 0.9 (P < .05). On dobutamine echocardiography, the mean resting wall motion score index was improved by 16% in lased segments (P < .03 vs control), and mean LVEF at peak stress increased by 19% (P = NS vs baseline). On 201Tl-SPECT, perfusion of lased and nonlased segments did not change. On PET, the mean ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial perfusion (SEn/SEp) increased 14% over baseline (P < .001 vs control). At 6 months (n = 15 patients), the mean CCS angina class was 1.7 +/- 0.8 (P < .05). The mean resting wall motion score index was up by 13% in lased segments (P < .05 vs control). Resting LVEF was unchanged. Stress LVEF increased 21% (P = NS vs baseline). Myocardial perfusion remained unchanged by 201Tl-SPECT. On PET, 36% of the lased segments were better, and 25% were worse compared with baseline. The resting SEn/SEp by PET was up 21% (P < .001 vs control). All deaths (two perioperative and three late) occurred in patients with preoperative congestive heart failure. Two patients required repeat revascularization of new coronary lesions.These results suggest that TMLR improves anginal status, relative endocardial perfusion, and cardiac function in patients who do not have preoperative congestive heart failure.
P2X <sub>7</sub> Receptor Activation–Induced Contraction and Lysis in Human Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle
Authors: Chrystelle Cario-Toumaniantz, Gervaise Loirand, Annie Ladoux, Pierre Pacaud
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

In cutaneous veins where purinergic neurotransmission is more prominent compared with in deep vessels, physiological and pathological roles of nerve-released ATP have been described. Neuronally released ATP has been reported to act through activation of unidentified ionotropic P2X receptor(s). This study analyzed P2X receptor subtypes expressed in human saphenous vein smooth muscle and their physiological functions. Transcripts for both hP2X1 receptors, already identified in other smooth muscles, and, surprisingly, hP2X7 receptors known to be responsible for the cytotoxic effect of ATP in macrophages were detected by Northern blot analysis in total RNA from saphenous vein smooth muscle. ATP and other P2X receptor agonists [alphabeta-methylene-ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP, and 2',3'-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP] dose-dependently contracted venous rings, but the contraction induced by 2-methylthio-ATP was more transient than that evoked by the other P2X agonists. The effect of hP2X1 agonists involved the activation of a rapidly desensitizing cation current recorded in freshly isolated myocytes. The action of hP2X7 receptor agonists was related to a maintained nondesensitizing cation current. In addition, hP2X7 receptor activation formed membrane pores that were permeable to large molecules. hP2X1 and hP2X7 receptors coexpressed in COS cells did not associate to form heteromultimers. Our data indicate that both hP2X1 and hP2X7 receptors are expressed as 2 separated populations of channels in human saphenous vein myocytes and are involved in ATP-induced tension. We suggest that cell lysis consequent to hP2X7 receptor-induced pore formation contributes to the disorganization and decrease in the amount of contractile myocytes in the media of varicose veins.
848 COMPARISON OF NON-INVASIVE MARKERS OF FIBROSIS IN THE ASIAN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE'S POPULATION WITH LOW PREVALENCE OF ADVANCED FIBROSIS
Authors: D. Kim, S.J. Yu, G.E. Chung, J.-H. Lee, W. Kim, Y.J. Kim, J.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Kinetic properties of 99mTc-Q12 in canine myocardium.
Authors: M C Gerson, R W Millard, N J Roszell, A J McGoron, M Gabel, L C Washburn, D Biniakiewicz, D Blankenship, W H Mallin, R C Elder
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND 99mTc-Q12 is a new Tc(III) perfusion imaging agent that permits prompt myocardial visualization in humans. We postulated that 99mTc-Q12 myocardial activity is related to actual myocardial blood flow during conditions of myocardial ischemia and pharmacological coronary artery vasodilation and that 99mTc-Q12 shows little or no myocardial redistribution as long as 4 hours after intravenous injection. METHODS AND RESULTS In seven anesthetized, open chest dogs, the left circumflex coronary artery was occluded, and dipyridamole (0.32 or 0.56 mg/kg) was infused into the right atrium, followed by 10 mCi of 99mTc-Q12. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radiolabeled microspheres. The animals were euthanized, and a total of 315 myocardial samples were assayed in a well counter for 99mTc activity. One week later, radiolabeled microsphere activity was determined, and myocardial blood flow was calculated. 99mTc activity (y) was related to myocardial blood flow (x) from 0 to 2 mL.g-1 x min-1 by the relation y = 0.64x + 0.35 (r = .88, P = .0001). In 14 additional anesthetized, open chest dogs, an occluder was placed around the left circumflex coronary artery, and an ischemic level of circumflex blood flow was maintained constant over 4 hours as measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter. Dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) was infused intravenously beginning 15 minutes after coronary occlusion and then followed by 10 mCi of 99mTc-Q12. Gamma camera images, hemodynamics, microsphere blood flow, and endocardial biopsies (latter in six dogs) were performed at 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after 99mTc-Q12 injection. Myocardial blood flow in the distribution of the left anterior descending artery decreased by 29.6% from 30 to 240 minutes (P &lt; .05), whereas left circumflex blood flow increased by 40.4% from 30 to 120 minutes (P &lt; .05) as the dipyridamole hemodynamic effects dissipated. Nevertheless, the ratio of myocardial perfusion defect zone counts to normal myocardial zone counts remained constant over 4 hours, as did the technetium counts from the needle biopsy endocardial samples. CONCLUSIONS Over a limited range of myocardial blood flows from 0 to approximately 2 mL.g-1 x min-1, 99mTc-Q12 myocardial activity is related to actual myocardial flow at the time of tracer injection. 99mTc-Q12 shows no evidence of myocardial redistribution.
Bradley’s Neurology in Clinical Practice
Authors: Richard J. Lederman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Are Reasonably Foreseeable Risks?
Authors: David B. Resnik
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

"What Are Reasonably Foreseeable Risks?." The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(12), pp. 29–30 Acknowledgments This article is not subject to US copyright law. This article is the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, the statements, opinions, or conclusions contained herein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S. government.
Plasma fibronectin during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: Effects of magnesium, diltiazem, and a novel Mac-1 inhibitor
Authors: Victor L. Serebruany, Scott R. Solomon, William R. Herzog, Paul A. Gurbel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The important role of fibronectin (Fn) has been recognized in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, serial changes of Fn during both brief and prolonged ischemia-reperfusion are poorly known. Plasma Fn was measured during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and myocardial stunning (MS), and in the absence of myocardial injury. The effects of magnesium (Mg), diltiazem, and a Mac-1 inhibitor on the level of Fn were elucidated. Forty-nine swine underwent prolonged (50 min) or brief (8 min) coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, while six control animals were free of ischemia. During the AMI experiments, plasma Fn underwent a significant progressive increase. Mg or diltiazem similarly affects the plasma Fn, reducing its release during the entire reperfusion period, and did not influence the plasma Fn in the absence of myocardial injury. Contrarily, Mac-1 inhibition resulted in the Fn elevation in controls, and during the occlusion phase, with no significant effect during reperfusion. There were no changes in the plasma Fn during MS, while inhibition of Mac-1 was associated with the significant increase of Fn during ischemia-reperfusion. Ability of Mg, diltiazem, and leumedins to modulate plasma Fn level may have direct clinical implications for the use of these agents in patients with coronary artery disease. Am. J. Hematol. 57:309–314, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fasciitis and Fasciitis-Panniculitis in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Anne Janin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 January 1995Fasciitis and Fasciitis-Panniculitis in Chronic Graft-versus-Host DiseaseAnne JaninAnne JaninSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Naschitz and colleagues suggest that fasciitis-panniculitis would be a more appropriate term than fasciitis to qualify the lesions we described recently in graft-versus-host disease. Both terms refer to pathologic entities. As a pathologist, I insist that panniculitis, in the strict sense, applies to inflammation of fat lobes rather than to inflammation of interlobular septa or of large cutaneous vessels. The fetal development makes each fat lobe a separate organ with a nourishing artery and two draining veins, and this separation explains the sharp limitation of pannicular inflammation [1]. We did not find fat cell necrosis in any of ...References1. Subcutaneous inflammations: panniculitis. In: Pinkus HP, Mehregan AH, eds. A Guide to Dermatohistopathology. 3d ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1981:187-99. Google Scholar2. Barnes L, Rodnan GP, Medsger TA, Short D. Eosinophilic fasciitis. A pathologic study of twenty cases. Am J Pathol. 1979; 96:493-518. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 2Page: 155-156KeywordsAdipocytesArteriesBiopsyFatsFibrosisInflammationLesionsNecrosisPathologistsVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...