tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaphylactoid Purpura in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: P. G. Dalgleish, B. M. Ansell
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL JOURNAL25synthetic compounds of a similar structure.Nikethamide (coramine) = pyridine-/8-carboxylic acid diethylamide.Cycliton = diethylamide of 3: 5-dimethyliso-oxazol-4carboxylic acid.No information has been obtainable about the detailed pharmacological action of cycliton.Faust (1925) has shown that nikethamide causes vasoconstriction by local action on the vessels, a property not found when Curtis and Wright (1926) investigated lobeline.Possibly the vasoconstriction produced locally by cycliton, associated with the vasoconstriction and slowing in arterial blood flow that accompanies asphyxia, precipitates the development of thrombosis.Beyond this we can only say, as Cohen does of thiopentone, that the arterial intima appears to be particularly sensitive to cycliton.An attempt to reconstitute the lesion in animals was made by Professor R. A. Gregory (Department of Physiology).One millilitre of cycliton was injected into the internal iliac arteries of six adult cats, under light ether anaesthesia at aseptic operation, with negative results.The experiments were then repeated, but before injecting the cycliton the animals were kept in a state of asphyxia.Again the results were negative.Finally, in order to make conditions as comparable as possible to those obtaining in the newborn infant, sma'l amounts of cycliton (0.05-0.5 ml.) were injected into the timbilical arteries of four newborn kittens'; none of these animals survived longer than 24 hours.Summary Twenty cases of unilateral sciatic paralysis in the newborn, sometimes accompanied by cutaneous gangrene, are described.Accidental injection of cycliton into an artery instead of the vein in the umbilical cord is suggested as the possible cause of the lesions.Experimental proof is as yet lacking, but the evidence in favour of this theory is as follows:1.The cases occurred only in the hospitals in the city of Liverpool in which cycliton was in use.2. The only common factors were asphyxia at birth and injection of cycliton into a cord vessel.3. The lesions are consistent with the results of ischaemia due to disturbance of blood flow in the internal iliac artery, and are comparable to the lesions produced by intra-arterial injection of thiopentone.4. No further lesions have occurred since cycliton has ceased to be used.(Cycliton is not now sold in England, although it is used extensively on the Continent and in other parts of the world.)We would like to thank Professor R. A. Gregory for the consider- able amount of tlhought and time that he has given in an attempt to establish experimental evidence, and Professor N. B. Capon and Mr. Bryan McFarland for their interest and help in the preparation of this article.
Gene expression profiling of minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia: M0 is a distinct entity subdivided by RUNX1 mutation status
Authors: Fernando P. G. Silva, Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers, Claudia Erpelinck-Verschueren, Bas J. Wouters, Ruud Delwel, Harry Vrieling, Peter van der Spek, Peter J. M. Valk, Micheline Giphart-Gassler
Journal: Blood (2009)
Fatality of the Rattlesnake.
Authors: C. Deaderick
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 26, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial on the "Fatality of the Rattlesnake" induces me to say a word on the subject. The professor referred to therein is manifestly not posted on rattlesnakes. During the past eight years I have had occasion to spend a considerable portion of six winters in Southern Florida. The diamond rattler is a denizen of that region, and since I made my first visit there eight years ago, I know of three men, a horse, and a number of dogs dying from rattlesnake bites. The diamond rattler is said to be the most poisonous of all, and attains an enormous size; fortunately he is usually peacibly inclined, and all he asks is to be let alone. On one of my visits there I talked with an Indian on the subject, and asked him how he cured rattlesnake bites. He very promptly answered:
Nutrition of Staff in a Sector Hospital
Authors: H. P. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1943)

The following observations upon the nutrition of 22 probationer nurses at a large London teaching hospital evacuated to the country may be of interest.They were made during the first three months of 1943, a time of year at which green vegetables are scarce and fresh fruit unobtainable.The subjects took all their meals in the institution, having no additions to their diet except occasional buns and sweets.The findings on a small group of laboratory staff at the same hospital who received home-prepared diets with full civilian rations are included for comparison.The results for the two groups are given in the following table: Vitamin C Excretion in mg.Urea Serum R.B.C.After After g. per Protein in HbY, Initial 250 mg. 2 4 hrs.Po Mills.Le'vel 250cg Daily Means ..
Selective Requirement of PI3K/PDK1 Signaling for Kras Oncogene-Driven Pancreatic Cell Plasticity and Cancer
Authors: Stefan Eser, Nina Reiff, Marlena Messer, Barbara Seidler, Kathleen Gottschalk, Melanie Dobler, Maren Hieber, Andreas Arbeiter, Sabine Klein, Bo Kong, Christoph W. Michalski, Anna Melissa Schlitter, Irene Esposito, Alexander J. Kind, Lena Rad, Angelika E. Schnieke, Manuela Baccarini, Dario R. Alessi, Roland Rad, Roland M. Schmid, Günter Schneider, Dieter Saur
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Abstract A10: CaMKK2 regulates cellular proliferation and androgen receptor activity during prostate cancer progression
Authors: Loukia G. Karacosta, Barbara A. Foster, Azabdaftari Gissou, David M. Feliciano, Arthur M. Edelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the AR regulates cell proliferation in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant PCa are incompletely understood. We report here that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) expression increases during progression of human PCa and becomes nuclear or perinuclear in advanced disease. In a mouse model of PCa (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate, TRAMP), CaMKK2 expression increases with progression and is predominantly nuclear. CaMKK2 expression is markedly higher in the AR-expressing, tumorigenic cell line LNCaP compared to cell lines which are AR-nonexpressing and/or nontumorigenic. Silencing of CaMKK2 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) reduces cell proliferation in LNCaP cells but not in AR-non-expressing PC3 cells. In LNCaP cells, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induces CaMKK2 mRNA and protein expression while androgen withdrawal suppresses CaMKK2 expression. RNAi of CaMKK2 reduces expression of the AR target, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and phospho-pRB. Our results suggest that in PCa progression, CaMKK2 is transcriptionally induced by the AR to maintain AR activity, AR-dependent cell cycle control and continued cell proliferation. Citation Format: Loukia G. Karacosta, Barbara A. Foster, Azabdaftari Gissou, David M. Feliciano, Arthur M. Edelman. CaMKK2 regulates cellular proliferation and androgen receptor activity during prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A10.
Prognostic Significance of Small-Artery Structure in Hypertension
Authors: Damiano Rizzoni, Enzo Porteri, Gianluca E.M. Boari, Carolina De Ciuceis, Intissar Sleiman, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Maurizio Castellano, Marco Miclini, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The presence of structural alterations in the microcirculation may be considered an important mechanism of organ damage; however, it is not currently known whether structural alterations of small arteries may predict fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events.One hundred twenty-eight patients were included in the present study. There were 59 patients with essential hypertension, 17 with pheochromocytoma, 20 with primary aldosteronism, 12 with renovascular hypertension, and 20 normotensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. All subjects were submitted to a biopsy of subcutaneous fat. Small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on an isometric myograph, and the tunica media-to-internal lumen ratio (M/L) was measured. The subjects were reevaluated after an average follow-up time of 5.4 years. Thirty-seven subjects had a documented fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event (5.32 events/100 patients per year). In the subcutaneous small arteries of subjects with cardiovascular events, a smaller internal diameter and a clearly greater M/L was observed. Our subjects were subdivided according to the presence of an M/L greater or smaller than the mean and median values observed in the whole population (0.098) or mean value +2 SD of our normal subjects (0.11). Life-table analyses showed a significant difference in event-free survival between the subgroups. Cox's proportional hazard model, considering all known cardiovascular risk factors, indicated that only pulse pressure (P=0.009) and M/L (P<0.0001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.Our results strongly indicate a relevant prognostic role of structural alterations in small resistance arteries of a high-risk population.
Records mix up causes unnecessary sterilisation
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A mix up of medical records has resulted in a healthy Spanish pregnant woman having her ovaries and uterus removed.

In April 1997 Rafaela Martinez Ruiz, aged 39, was examined by a gynaecologist at the university public hospital Reina Sofia in Cordoba, Andalucia. After initial examination she was told that she had slight endometritis. But three …
Food Insecurity and Glycemic Control Among Low-Income Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hilary K. Seligman, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, Andrea López, Jeanne Tschann, Alicia Fernandez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To determine whether food insecurity--the inability to reliably afford safe and nutritious food--is associated with poor glycemic control and whether this association is mediated by difficulty following a healthy diet, diabetes self-efficacy, or emotional distress related to diabetes.We used multivariable regression models to examine the association between food insecurity and poor glycemic control using a cross-sectional survey and chart review of 711 patients with diabetes in safety net health clinics. We then examined whether difficulty following a diabetic diet, self-efficacy, or emotional distress related to diabetes mediated the relationship between food insecurity and glycemic control.The food insecurity prevalence in our sample was 46%. Food-insecure participants were significantly more likely than food-secure participants to have poor glycemic control, as defined by hemoglobin A(1c) ≥8.5% (42 vs. 33%; adjusted odds ratio 1.48 [95% CI 1.07-2.04]). Food-insecure participants were more likely to report difficulty affording a diabetic diet (64 vs. 49%, P < 0.001). They also reported lower diabetes-specific self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and higher emotional distress related to diabetes (P < 0.001). Difficulty following a healthy diet and emotional distress partially mediated the association between food insecurity and glycemic control.Food insecurity is an independent risk factor for poor glycemic control in the safety net setting. This risk may be partially attributable to increased difficulty following a diabetes-appropriate diet and increased emotional distress regarding capacity for successful diabetes self-management. Screening patients with diabetes for food insecurity may be appropriate, particularly in the safety net setting.
Deviations of the RS-T Segment in Acute Subendocardial Injuries
Authors: RAYMOND D PRUITT, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, HIRAM E. ESSEX
Journal: Circulation (1951)

On isolated perfused canine hearts, studies were made of the electrocardiographic changes which attend injury to the endocardium of the free wall of the left ventricle and of changes which develop following extension of the injury onto the left ventricular aspect of the septal endocardium. In an epicardial lead, the depression of RS-T segment produced by a subendocardial injury of the free wall of the left ventricle disappeared almost completely when that same type of injury was extended onto the septum.
POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY HYPOVENTILATION
Authors: RICHARD H. OVERHOLT
Journal: JAMA (1930)

During the past decade, discussions of postoperative pulmonary complications have concerned themselves for the most part with pathologic processes within the lung itself. As a result of this, surgeons have been confronted with a rapidly changing nomenclature in relation to the pulmonary condition which so frequently follows abdominal operations and which later either disappears or progresses into a classic postoperative pneumonia. Hypostatic congestion, multiple embolic phenomena and pneumonitis are familiar conditions. More recently attention has been focused on the thick, viscid mucus, the bronchial tree, and atelectasis. After it was established that occlusion of a main bronchus caused massive or lobar collapse, the papers of Elwyn, 1 Mastics, Spittler and McNamee, 2 Lee and Tucker 3 and others began to appear in which were described a more diffuse process, a lobular atelectasis, presumably caused by mucous occlusion of smaller bronchi. Practically every writer on this subject has emphasized the sequence
Hemorrhage from abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated successfully by emergency transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Junji Suzumiya, Mitsuyuki Nagano, Hideyuki Higashihara, Tetsuya Yoshida, Motoi Hirano, Yoshinori Go, Eiji Morioka, Nobuhiro Kimura, Shusuke Hisano, Masatoshi Okazaki, Masahiro Kikuchi, Makoto Okumura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

A 49-year-old Japanese woman with follicular lymphoma who presented with severe abdominal and back pain is reported. She was known to have malignant lymphoma and had been previously treated with combination chemotherapy. An abdominal tumor occurring at the root of the mesentery and involving the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) had been diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and abdominal angiography. Emergent ultrasonography and CT findings showed intraperitoneal bleeding from the abdominal tumor. Selective SMA angiography revealed extravasation from a small branch originating from the dorsal pancreatic artery, which was embolized through a catheter by using platinum coils. It should be noted that a large tumor of malignant lymphoma, involving large vessels, may bleed, and in such a case selective transcatheter arterial embolization may be one of the effective modalities for hemostasis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1353 EFFECTS OF omega-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) FROM FISH AND FLAXSEED OILS ON NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)
Authors: M.A. Nogueira, V.A.F. Alves, J.T. Stefano, L. Rodrigues, F.J. Carrilho, D. Waitzberg, C.P. Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Standard of care by doctors may drop with years spent in practice
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Doctors may be less likely to deliver currently accepted standards of care and to provide technically appropriate care as the number of years they have spent in practice increases. These are the findings of a study that reviewed 59 previously published studies with a large sample size of doctors ( Annals of Internal Medicine 2005;142: 260-73).

The studies included measures of doctors' knowledge or quality of care and the age of the doctor or the length of time since graduation from medical school. Just over three quarters (45) of the studies showed that a doctor's performance declined with time. More than half (32) showed that performance declined for all outcomes measured, while …
The Passive Voice
Authors: David Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A major disagreement about the best style for scientific writing continues to confuse medical authors, as pictured clearly in the essay on "The Passive Voice" by C.G. Roland, MD, (<b>201</b>:616, 1967). Dr. Roland championed the active voice in scientific writing— for brevity, clarity, and strength of style, eg, "We studied" rather than "A study has been undertaken." Many scientific authors and journals (and even some stylists) prefer, for supposed objectivity, the passive voice and avoidance of personal pronouns. Indirect phrasing<i>is</i>thought to convey better the "restraint" and "equanimity" appropriate to science and diplomacy.<sup>1</sup> The editors of<i>Style Manual for Biological Journals</i><sup>2</sup>take a strong stand for directness: Use the passive voice only when necessary for emphasis; it requires extra words and may not convey the intended meaning. Compare<i>Fungi produce antibiotics</i>with<i>Antibiotics are produced by fungi</i>. The passive here requires two more
Putting Typhoid Vaccination on the Global Health Agenda
Authors: Denise DeRoeck, Luis Jodar, John Clemens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Typhoid fever is still a substantial cause of illness and death in many developing countries. But Denise DeRoeck, Luis Jodar, and Dr. John Clemens write that vaccination against typhoid fever has largely fallen off the international radar screen.
A case-crossover analysis of air pollution and mortality in Philadelphia.
Authors: L M Neas, J Schwartz, D Dockery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

This study reassessed Schwartz and Dockery's analysis of daily mortality from nonexternal causes among residents of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, over 8 years, from 1973 to 1980 [American Review of Respiratory Disease 145:600-604 (1992)]. A Poisson regression analysis using the same model found that a 100-microg/m(3) increment in the 48-hr mean concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) was associated with increased all-cause mortality [rate ratio = 1.069; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.043-1.096) after adjustment for quadratic trend, season, year, previous day's mean temperature, dew point, winter temperature, and indicators of hot (temperature > 80 degrees F) and humid days (dew point > 66 degrees F). Critics suggested that time-varying factors such as season and day of week were not sufficiently controlled in this analysis and subsequent studies in other locations. We used a conditional logistic regression analysis with a case-crossover design to reanalyze the data, with air pollution in the prior and subsequent weeks to the day of death serving as referent periods. The case-crossover approach controls for season and day of week by design rather than modeling. We found that a 100-microg/m(3) increment in the 48-hr mean level of TSP was associated with increased all-cause mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.056; CI, 1.027-1.086) after adjustment for the same weather variables as above. Similar associations were observed for deaths in individuals over 65 years of age (OR = 1.074; CI, 1. 037-1.111) and for deaths due to cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.063; CI, 1.021-1.107). The current case-crossover analysis confirms the general conclusion of the previous Poisson regression analysis of an association of TSP with daily mortality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Renal function and blood pressure five years after Puumala virus-induced nephropathy
Authors: Satu Mäkelä, Ilpo Ala-Houhala, Jukka Mustonen, Anna-Maija Koivisto, Timo Kouri, Väinö Turjanmaa, Olli Vapalahti, Antti Vaheri, Amos Pasternack
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Infection With Transmissible Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Shawn D. Aaron, Katherine L. Vandemheen, Karam Ramotar, Tracy Giesbrecht-Lewis, Elizabeth Tullis, Andreas Freitag, Nigel Paterson, Mary Jackson, M. Diane Lougheed, Christopher Dowson, Vijay Kumar, Wendy Ferris, Francis Chan, Steve Doucette, Dean Fergusson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Studies from Australia and the United Kingdom have shown that some patients with cystic fibrosis are infected with common transmissible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<h3>Objectives</h3>To determine the prevalence and incidence of infection with transmissible strains of P aeruginosa and whether presence of the organism was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in Canada.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective observational cohort study of adult patients cared for at cystic fibrosis clinics in Ontario, Canada, with enrollment from September 2005 to September 2008. Sputum was collected at baseline, 3 months, and yearly thereafter for 3 years; and retrieved P aeruginosa isolates were genotyped. Vital status (death or lung transplant) was assessed for all enrolled patients until December 31, 2009.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Incidence and prevalence of P aeruginosa isolation, rates of decline in lung function, and time to death or lung transplantation.<h3>Results</h3>Of the 446 patients with cystic fibrosis studied, 102 were discovered to be infected with 1 of 2 common transmissible strains of P aeruginosa at study entry. Sixty-seven patients were infected with strain A (15%), 32 were infected with strain B (7%), and 3 were simultaneously infected with both strains (0.6%). Strain A was found to be genetically identical to the Liverpool epidemic strain but strain B has not been previously described as an epidemic strain. The incidence rate of new infections with these 2 transmissible strains was relatively low (7.0 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-12.2 per 1000 person-years). Compared with patients infected with unique strains of P aeruginosa, patients infected with the Liverpool epidemic strain (strain A) and strain B had similar declines in lung function (difference in decline in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration of 0.64% per year [95% CI, −1.52% to 2.80% per year] and 1.66% per year [95% CI, −1.00% to 4.30%], respectively). However, the 3-year rate of death or lung transplantation was greater in those infected with the Liverpool epidemic strain (18.6%) compared with those infected with unique strains (8.7%) (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.26 [95% CI, 1.41 to 7.54]; P = .01).<h3>Conclusions</h3>A common strain of P aeruginosa (Liverpool epidemic strain/strain A) infects patients with cystic fibrosis in Canada and the United Kingdom. Infection with this strain in adult Canadian patients with cystic fibrosis was associated with a greater risk of death or lung transplantation.
Rehabilitation for older people
Authors: J. Young, J. Robinson, E. Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Fifty years ago, in a brief but powerful paper, Marjorie Warren laid down the guiding principles of what was to become the specialty of geriatric medicine.1 She emphasised the process of rehabilitation—to help elderly people regain their best possible functional independence. How is the rehabilitation of older people faring in the reformed NHS?

Elderly care medicine, like many other acute specialties, has come under considerable pressure. An established pattern of rising admissions, disproportionate to demographic changes, has been compounded by a steady reduction in acute hospital beds. The solution to these conflicting trends has been to press for shorter lengths of stay, making rehabilitation especially vulnerable. Two index conditions which provide an insight into contemporary rehabilitation for older people are stroke and fractured neck of femur.

The Department of Health's targets listed in the Health of the Nation drew particular attention to stroke, and we now know, from research, how a comprehensive stroke service should work. There is particular confidence that properly organised hospital care of stroke …