tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Infusion of Acetylcholine on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: JOHN T. SHEPHERD, HERBERT J. SEMLER, H. FREDERIC HELMHOLZ, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Survival following surgical correction of congenital cardiovascular defects is unlikely if pulmonary hypertension cannot be decreased significantly. Infusions of acetylcholine decreased pulmonary vascular resistance in 6 of 11 patients having pulmonary hypertension associated with atrial or ventricular septal defects. When the acetylcholine was combined with the breathing of oxygen, resistance decreased further. These findings are consistent with the theory that, at some stage, the pulmonary hypertension in cases of congenital heart disease is maintained at least in part by vasoconstriction and therefore is potentially reversible.
Concurrent cetuximab and radiotherapy after docetaxel-cisplatin induction chemotherapy in stage III NSCLC: a phase II study from the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group
Authors: Jan Nyman, Andreas Hallqvist, Ola Brodin, Kristina Nilsson, Stefan Bergstrom, Britta Loden, Sven-Börje Ewers, Lars Ekberg, Hillevi Rylander, Christer Sederholm, Gunnar Wagenius
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
TCT-590 Three-Year Clinical Follow-Up of the FIREHAWK Abluminal Groove-Filled Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in the Treatment of Single De Novo Native Coronary Lesions: The TARGET I Trial
Authors: Bo Xu, Yelin Zhao, Yuejin Yang, Ma Changsheng, Yaling Han, Shao Liang Chen, Hui Li, Ruiyan Zhang, Martin Leon, Run-Lin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
High survival in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation
Authors: Viveka Lindén, Kenneth Palmér, Jarl Reinhard, Reino Westman, Henrik Ehrén, Tina Granholm, Björn Frenckner
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)

To evaluate the results of treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation.Observational study in a tertiary referral center, Intensive Care Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.Seventeen adult patients with ARDS were treated with venovenous or venoarterial ECMO after failure of conventional therapy. The Murray score of pulmonary injury averaged 3.5 (3.0-4.0) and the mean PaO2/FIO2 ratio was 46 (31-65). A standard ECMO circuit with nonheparinized surfaces was used. The patients were minimally sedated and received pressure-supported ventilation. High inspiratory pressures were avoided and arterial saturation as low as 70% was accepted on venovenous bypass.In one patient a stable bypass could not be established. Among the remaining 16 patients 13 survived (total survival rate 76%) after 3-52 days (mean 15) on bypass. Major surgical procedures were performed in several patients. The cause of death in the three nonsurvivors was intracranial complications leading to total cerebral infarction.A high survival rate can be obtained in adult patients with severe ARDS using ECMO and pressure-supported ventilation with minimal sedation. Surgical complications are amenable to surgical treatment during ECMO. Bleeding problems can generally be controlled but require immediate and aggressive approach. It is difficult or impossible to decide when a lung disease is irreversible, and prolonged ECMO treatment may be successful even in the absence of any detectable lung function.
All epidemiological evidence is important in colorectal cancer
Authors: S. Kono
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Boyle and Langman summarised descriptive features and risk factors of colorectal cancer in their article.1 They seem, however, rather selective (or not well informed) of recent literature regarding dietary and nutritional factors in the aetiology of colorectal cancer. Boyle and Langman state that the intake of dietary fat and meat is positively related to risk of colorectal cancer. A high intake of meat is probably associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, but the epidemiological evidence for …
Hemochromatosis: Precirrhotic therapy restores normal life expectancy
Authors: Lawrie W. Powell
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

We analyzed survival and causes of death among 163 patients with primary hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1959 and 1983. The mean follow-up period was 10.5 ± 5.6 years (±S.D.). Cu- mulative survival was 92 per cent at 5 years, 76 per cent at 10 years, 59 per cent at 15 years, and 49 per cent at 20 years. Life expectancy was re- duced in patients with cirrhosis of the liver as compared with those without cirrhosis (P⩽0.05), in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared with those without diabetes (P⩽0.002), and in pa- tients who could not be depleted of iron during the first 18 months of venesection therapy as com- pared with those who could be depleted (P⩽0.001). Prognosis was not influenced by sex (P>0.5). Pa- tients without cirrhosis had a life expectancy that was not different from that expected in an age- and sex-matched normal population. Analysis of the causes of death in 53 patients, as compared with the normal population, showed that liver can- cer was 219 times more frequent among the pa- tients (16 patients), cardiomyopathy was 306 times more frequent (3 patients), liver cirrhosis was 13 times more frequent (10 patients), and diabetes mellitus was 7 times more frequent (3 patients). Death rates for other causes, including extrahepatic carcinomas (seven patients), were not different from the rates expected. We conclude that patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed in the precirrhotic stage and treated by venesection have a normal life expectancy, whereas cirrhotic patients have a shortened life expectancy and a high risk of liver cancer even when complete iron depletion has been achieved.
Increased activity in the biliary con A–binding fraction accounts for the difference in crystallization behavior in bile from Chilean gallstone patients compared with Dutch gallstone patients
Authors: Juan Francisco Miquel, Joris van der Putten, Fernando Pimentel, Kam S. Mok, Albert K. Groen
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Chile has one of the highest prevalences of cholesterol gallstone disease in the world. Recent data indicate that this is partly caused by genetic (Indian) factors. However, the causal factors inducing increased gallstone formation have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare biliary composition and cholesterol crystallization in bile from patients of high and moderate risk areas (Chile and The Netherlands) for gallstone disease. Bile was sampled at cholecystectomy from 30 Chilean and 26 Dutch gallstone patients. The Con A-binding fraction (CABF) was extracted from fresh native bile samples by incubation with Con A-sepharose. Reconstitution of the CABF to the Con A-extracted native bile induced almost full recovery of crystallization confirming the validity of this technique. There was no difference between the two groups regarding sex and age. Chilean bile nucleated significantly faster (3.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.9 +/- 1.5 days) despite the fact that Dutch bile had a significantly higher cholesterol saturation index (CSI) (1.6 vs. 1.2, P = .01). The total lipid content was not different. Chilean bile contained more total protein (5 vs. 2.9 mg/mL, P = .008). IgG, IgM, Haptoglobin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were not different between the two groups. IgA, though, was significantly higher in the Chilean samples (0.44 vs. 0.19 mg/mL, P < .001). Extraction of CABF increased crystal observation time (COT) and decreased crystal growth in both groups. However, the effects were much more pronounced in the Chilean samples. Compared with Dutch bile, Chilean bile crystallizes much faster despite a lower CSI. Chilean bile contains an increased content of Con A-binding nucleation promoting activity.
Leonard A. Scheele, MD
Authors: Peter Schoenke
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Investigation of seemingly pathogen-negative diarrhoea in patients infected with HIV1.
Authors: G M Connolly, A Forbes, B G Gazzard
Journal: Gut (1990)

Thirty three consecutive patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) with persistent diarrhoea which remained undiagnosed after microbiological examination of six stool samples and rectal histology were investigated for malabsorption. All had xylose and Schilling tests, distal duodenal biopsy, comprehensive barium studies, microbiological examination of six further stool samples, and repeat rectal histology. A microbiological or histological diagnosis of infection was made in 12 patients (multiple organisms in three). Cryptosporidia were identified on five occasions, cytomegalovirus on four, Giardia lamblia on two, and herpes simplex, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteritidis, and Entamoeba histolytica once each. No organism was found when weight loss was less than 5 kg or stool volume less than 400 ml/day (n = 9). Pathogens were identified in nine of 13 patients (69%) with weight loss greater than 10 kg and stool volume more than 800 ml/day. Barium studies were normal except for ileal flocculation in two patients with cryptosporidiosis. Evidence for malabsorption existed in 24 patients--impaired xylose absorption (n = 19) and abnormal Schilling test (n = 21). Of the patients with a severely abnormal Schilling test, a pathogen was identified in 11 (79%) (including all five with cryptosporidia, and two of the patients with only moderate diarrhoea and weight loss). A simple scoring system based on degree of weight loss and Schilling test result may help to identify the HIV positive patient with seemingly pathogen-negative diarrhoea in whom further investigations are likely to show a specific cause.
Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations
Authors: David Meyre, Jérôme Delplanque, Jean-Claude Chèvre, Cécile Lecoeur, Stéphane Lobbens, Sophie Gallina, Emmanuelle Durand, Vincent Vatin, Franck Degraeve, Christine Proença, Stefan Gaget, Antje Körner, Peter Kovacs, Wieland Kiess, Jean Tichet, Michel Marre, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Fritz Horber, Natascha Potoczna, Serge Hercberg, Claire Levy-Marchal, François Pattou, Barbara Heude, Maithé Tauber, Mark I McCarthy, Alexandra I F Blakemore, Alexandre Montpetit, Constantin Polychronakos, Jacques Weill, Lachlan J M Coin, Julian Asher, Paul Elliott, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Beverley Balkau, Rob Sladek, David Balding, Andrew Walley, Christian Dina, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
New Campaign Aims to Cut Dialysis Patient Deaths
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE NATIONAL Kidney Foundation wants to cut the current 24% annual mortality rate among patients on chronic dialysis by at least one third and upgrade dialysis centers to improve overall patient care. The group is mounting a campaign directed at the physicians, patients, and government agencies involved. The campaign, to be started this month, consists of accomplishing 35 different recommendations, the result of a 2-year study of dialysis units by the foundation. The recommendations are divided into four groups: dialysis center workforce needs, standards of care, issues involved in starting and stopping dialysis, and research and technology. The recommendations, which have been classified high, medium, or low priority, include the following: Establishment of standards of quality care, including setting a minimum standard of dialysis effectiveness to ensure that the patient is being adequately dialyzed. Establishment of adequate workforce standards in dialysis units to ensure that there are enough properly qualifie
Résultats à long terme du traitement endoscopique des sténoses biliaires post cholécystectomie: Etude multicentrique nationale
Authors: N Tuvignon, C Liguory, T Ponchon, B Meduri, J Sahel, JL Legoux, J Boyer, J Fritsch, J Escourrou, C Boustiere, M Barthet, F Prat
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: L'approche endoscopique est souvent favorisée dans le traitement des sténoses biliaires postopératoires en raison de résultats favorables à court terme. L'objectif de cette étude rétrospective était d'évaluer à l'échelon national les résultats à long terme du calibrage des sténoses biliaires post-cholécystectomie par prothèse endoscopique. Afin d'affiner les résultats, nous avons introduit un élément prospectif en actualisant les données cliniques, biologiques et morphologiques au moment de l'analyse.
OVERDILATION OF PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RESTENOSIS RATE
Authors: Kennosuke Yamashita, Masahiko Ochiai, Kazuhiro Ashida, Toshitaka Okabe, Myonghwa Yamamoto, Koichi Hoshimoto, Shigeo Saito, Yuki Mikoshiba, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Naoei Isomura, Hiroshi Araki, Chiaki Obara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Directly measured second hand smoke exposure and asthma health outcomes
Authors: M D Eisner
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Because they have chronic airway inflammation, adults with asthma could have symptomatic exacerbation after exposure to second hand smoke (SHS). Surprisingly, data on the effects of SHS exposure in adults with asthma are quite limited. Most previous epidemiological studies used self-reported SHS exposure which could be biased by inaccurate reporting. In a prospective cohort study of adult non-smokers recently admitted to hospital for asthma, the impact of SHS exposure on asthma health outcomes was examined.Recent SHS exposure during the previous 7 days was directly measured using a personal nicotine badge (n = 189) and exposure during the previous 3 months was estimated using hair nicotine and cotinine levels (n = 138). Asthma severity and health status were ascertained during telephone interviews, and subsequent admission to hospital for asthma was determined from computerised utilisation databases.Most of the adults with asthma were exposed to SHS, with estimates ranging from 60% to 83% depending on the time frame and methodology. The highest level of recent SHS exposure, as measured by the personal nicotine badge, was related to greater asthma severity (mean score increment for highest tertile of nicotine level 1.56 points; 95% CI 0.18 to 2.95), controlling for sociodemographic covariates and previous smoking history. Moreover, the second and third tertiles of hair nicotine exposure during the previous month were associated with a greater baseline prospective risk of hospital admission for asthma (HR 3.73; 95% CI 1.04 to 13.30 and HR 3.61; 95% CI 1.0 to 12.9, respectively).Directly measured SHS exposure appears to be associated with poorer asthma outcomes. In public health terms, these results support efforts to prohibit smoking in public places.
A lecturer from BSMS explains
Authors: M. Llewelyn
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an anticancer agent used for the treatment ofacute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, 5%–10% of patients fail to respond or experience disease relapse. Based on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 involvement in the processing of DNA demethylation, here we have tested the in vitro susceptibility of ATO-resistant clones (derived from the human APL cell line NB4) to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in combination with hypomethylating agents (azacitidine and decitabine) or high-dose vitamin C (ascorbate), which induces 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-mediated DNA demethylation. ATO-sensitive and -resistant APL cell clones were generated and initially analyzed for their susceptibility to five clinically used PARPi (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, veliparib, and talazoparib). The obtained PARPi IC<sub>50</sub> values were far below (olaparib and niraparib), within the range (talazoparib), or above (rucaparib and veliparib) the <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> reported in patients, likely as a result of differences in the mechanisms of their cytotoxic activity. ATO-resistant APL cells were also susceptible to clinically relevant concentrations of azacitidine and decitabine and to high-dose ascorbate. Interestingly, the combination of these agents with olaparib, niraparib, or talazoparib resulted in synergistic antitumor activity. In combination with ascorbate, PARPi increased the ascorbate-mediated induction of 5hmC, which likely resulted in stalled DNA repair and cytotoxicity. Talazoparib was the most effective PARPi in synergizing with ascorbate, in accordance with its marked ability to trap PARP1 at damaged DNA. These findings suggest that ATO and PARPi have nonoverlapping resistance mechanisms and support further investigation on PARPi combination with hypomethylating agents or high-dose ascorbate for relapsed/ATO-refractory APL, especially in frail patients. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> This study found that poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitors (PARPi) show activity as single agents against human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells resistant to arsenic trioxide at clinically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, PARPi enhance the in vitro efficacy of azacitidine, decitabine, and high-dose vitamin C, all agents that alter DNA methylation. In combination with vitamin C, PARPi increase the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, likely as a result of altered processing of the oxidized intermediates associated with DNA demethylation.
Gastric Washings as a Source of Malignant Cells from Bronchial Secretions
Authors: Herman Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Can cancer cells derived from bronchial secretions be found in gastric washings? While the answer should be obvious, the significance of their presence and the frequency with which they are found need to be explored. Swallowed sputum was shown by gastric lavage to be a source of tubercle bacilli as early as 1898, but the concept was ignored until revived in 1927.<sup>1-3</sup>The fact that cancer cells from the lung can be found in gastric contents when sputum is swallowed still is not generally realized. An instance of possible contamination of a gastric washing by sputum is briefly mentioned by Papanicolaou.<sup>4</sup>These malignant cells were presumed to be from the respiratory tract because of the presence of dust cells. We frequently find pigmentladen macrophages in gastric washings. The swallowing of sputum (bronchial secretions) is probably a very common event. A photograph of ciliated columnar epithelium in a gastric
Peace on Earth, Good Health for Men
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Approximately one year ago we wrote that there was no current or impending physician glut and that the entire alleged problem of physician overabundance or underabundance was simply one of massive maldistribution on a neighborhood, city, state, regional, national, or continental basis.<sup>1</sup>We documented that there was a giant imbalance in the doctor import-export ratios and that our country's 50:1 positive balance of trade of doctors was embarrassing. We suggested that an appropriate role for a developed country to play in 1984 was to export physicians to a world in need.<sup>2</sup>The response was overwhelming. We obviously struck a very responsive cord among many physicians whose zest for doing interesting and exciting things or whose penchant for altruism was ripe. Many of you wrote us and asked what you could do and where you could go. But we didn't know, except in very general ways. So we set
The Meeting and Report Industries
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

When one is stumped for conversation in Washington or seeking clues to attach a forgotten name to a familiar face, it is usually safe to inquire, "How was the meeting?" or "How's the report coming along?" The reason is that a large portion of the working-age population here is occupied with attending meetings and producing reports. The two activities are, of course, closely linked, for the preparation of reports usually requires meetings, and meetings, if they do not generate reports, almost invariably generate memos, many of which, sooner or later, are embodied in reports.Seasonally adjusted or not, the economists . . .
A woman with a distended abdomen
Authors: A. Shaw, B. Smith, D. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Pharmacotherapeutic options for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue are limited. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to aspirin (ASA) 1,300 mg/day or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. Results favored ASA for the main clinical outcomes: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale scores (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and treatment preference (<i>p</i> = 0.012). There were no significant adverse effects. The results warrant further study and support a role for ASA-influenced mechanisms, perhaps immunologic, in the generation of MS-related chronic fatigue.
Doctor sues for unfair dismissal claiming Roche feared she would blow the whistle
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A former senior manager at the pharmaceutical company Roche Products is suing the firm for unfair dismissal.

Ryta Kuzel, 39, former head of UK regulatory affairs at the company, claims that she was sacked because Roche feared she would blow the whistle to the regulatory authorities over alleged irregularities in the firm's involvement with a network of slimming clinics.

Dr Kuzel, who worked at the company from 2003 to 2005, told the Bedford Employment Tribunal that she was summarily dismissed after allegedly discovering that Roche had been supplying quantities of its weight loss drug orlistat (Xenical) worth £70 …