tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The portal pressure-blood volume relationship in cirrhosis
Authors: D. S. Zimmon, R. E. Kessler
Journal: Gut (1974)

Portal pressure-blood volume curves were derived in 13 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and oesophageal or gastric varices by measuring portal pressure at two levels of blood volume. Portal pressure varied directly with blood volume. In seven patients where portal pressure was measured at three levels of blood volume separated by 500 ml or more the portal pressure-blood volume relationship was found to be approximately linear.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in Mexico: Experience from a single institution
Authors: Alejandro Lazo‐Langner, Irma Espinosa‐Poblano, Nelly Tirado‐Cárdenas, Patricia Ramírez‐Arvizu, Josefa López‐Salmorán, Paula Peñaloza‐Ramírez, Sergio A. Sánchez‐Guerrero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Information about therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in developing countries is lacking. We report our experience with TPE performed for different indications during a 7-year period. We reviewed all TPE procedures performed in our institution during a 7-year period. Patients were divided in four groups according to the following indications: thrombotic microangiopathies (TM), myasthenia gravis (MG), polyneuropathies (PNP), and miscellaneous indications (MI). Clinical outcome (CO) and complications were evaluated. Eighty-seven procedures were carried out in 81 patients, for a total of 376 TPE sessions. Eighty-two procedures were analyzed for CO. In the group of TM we had 65% overall response rate (ORR): 35% complete response (CR) and 30% partial response (PR). Six (28.6%) patients died in this group. In the MG group we had 90% ORR: 69% CR and 21% PR. In the PNP group we had 78% ORR: 56% CR and 22% PR. In the MI group we had 92% ORR: 59% CR and 33% PR. We observed 47 adverse reactions in 40 (46%) procedures performed in 38 (47%) patients. This represented 12.5% of sessions. We had seven major complications leading to TPE discontinuation; this represented 8% of the procedures and 1.8% of sessions. One patient (0.2%) died during TPE. Our overall results are acceptable. In the TM group our results are somewhat lower than in other published reports, but in MG and PNP our results are similar to other published reports. Our complication rate is similar to that reported by others. Careful selection of patients and protocols is crucial to achieve maximum benefit from TPE programs in countries where plasmapheresis facilities are not widely available.
On Clinical Medicine &amp; Clinical Methods, being the Valedictory Address to the Clinical Society
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1893)

On section, the tumour presents to the naked eye a firmer pinkish part, embedded in which are masses of softer material varying in colour~from yellow in th: ramus of the jaw to pale yellow in the basis cranil and white in the petipheral parts of the growth.Microscopically a portion of the growth taken from the centre of the mass involving the ramus has the structure of squamous epithelioma, showing marked tendency to rapid evolution and keratinisation of its cells.
Re: In Older Men an Optimal Plasma Testosterone Is Associated With Reduced All-cause Mortality and Higher Dihydrotestosterone with Reduced Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality, While Estradiol Levels Do Not Predict Mortality
Authors: Ranjith Ramasamy, Jason R. Kovac, Jason M. Scovell, Larry I. Lipshultz
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Soul Made Flesh: Thomas Willis, the English Civil War and the Mapping of the Mind
Authors: Iain McClure
Journal: BMJ (2004)

W e take for granted some fundamental principles in medicine—for example, that anatomy underpins pathology and that pathology reveals the causes of clinical disorders. On reading Soul Made Flesh I was amazed to discover that such basic notions were developed only as recently as 350 years ago and that, before this revelation, physicians had been practising on their patients with a mindset of arrogant ignorance. This was a time when medicine was tethered to a set of principles first set out by Plato and Aristotle, 2000 years earlier. These principles …
Learning from "the South"
Authors: D. S McLaren
Journal: BMJ (1992)

unvalidated operational clinical criteria, including parkinsonian symptoms (S Williams et al, unpublished study).We suggest that sensitivity to neuroleptics in patients with dementia with cortical Lewy bodies is further evidence of the importance of the parkinsonian component of the condition and a reminder that the dosages in neuroleptic regimens for elderly people are largely determined empiric- ally.We advocate much lower doses of such drugs in routine psychogeriatric practice.
Abbreviations in Medicine
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Virtually the first sentence in the<i>Stylebook</i>(editorial manual) of the<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>cautions about overuse of abbreviations. Still, there is no escaping the acronyms, initials, and truncated words of medicine, or of any other field for that matter. They are part of an age in which speed is a virtue. Among those who are trying to guide us through these often confusing efforts at brevity (for example, we may be wondering if BP stands for bathroom privileges, bedpan, biotic potential, birthplace, blood pressure, bypass, or who knows what else) is Edwin B. Steen, PhD, professor emeritus of anatomy and physiology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo. This is the fourth appearance of Steen's handy little reference book, slightly retitled this time and revised for the first time in seven years. It is a useful little volume, small enough to be tucked into pocket or purse if need
Commentary: Reach beyond metaphor to assess value
Authors: I. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The case of this child could, like that of child B, have easily developed into a contested issue. The prognoses were equally dismal and the projected cost of child B's transplant was actually less (£75 000)1 than that of one year's home ventilation. Yet the purchaser's agreement to fund the child's care should not be taken to mean that there are no thorny issues.

Firstly, let me deal with matters of fact. The cost of home ventilation for this child is estimated at £160 000. Was this greater or less than the cost had she remained in hospital? Published reports on this subject, mainly from the USA, generally assert that costs to health care purchasers are lower at home,2 but this is critically dependent on who delivers home care. …
A CASE OF BILATERAL TELANGIECTASES OF THE TRUNK, WITH A HISTORY OF MARKED EPISTAXIS IN CHILDHOOD AND RECENT RECTAL HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: T. COLCOTT FOX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article A CASE OF BILATERAL TELANGIECTASES OF THE TRUNK, WITH A HISTORY OF MARKED EPISTAXIS IN CHILDHOOD AND RECENT RECTAL HÆMORRHAGE Get access T. COLCOTT FOX T. COLCOTT FOX Physician for Diseases of the Skin to the Westminster Hospital, and Visiting Dermatologist to the Ringworm School of the Metropolitan Asylums Board Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 5, 1 May 1908, Pages 145–162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16562.x Published: 01 May 1908
Regulatory effects of G protein-coupled receptors on cardiac sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger activity: signalling and significance
Authors: Metin Avkiran, Robert S Haworth
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

In cardiac myocytes, sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity is subject to regulation by a variety of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) systems. This regulation usually manifests as an increase in NHE activity (e.g. in response to the stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic, angiotensin AT1, endothelin and thrombin receptors), although some GPCR systems have been shown to inhibit sarcolemmal NHE activity (e.g. beta1-adrenergic receptors) or to attenuate its stimulation by other ligands (e.g. adenosine A1 and angiotensin AT2 receptors). The pertinent molecular signalling mechanisms are only now beginning to be unravelled, with the extracellular signal regulated kinase/ribosomal S6 kinase pathway and the protein kinase C pathway both appearing to play critical roles in the stimulation of sarcolemmal NHE activity. GPCR-mediated regulation of sarcolemmal NHE activity is likely to play significant roles in modulating myocardial function in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These roles include the regulation of (1) myocardial pH(i) and contractility, (2) myocardial susceptibility to injury and dysfunction during ischaemia and reperfusion, and (3) myocardial hypertrophy in response to neurohormonal and mechanical stimuli. Greater understanding of the pertinent molecular signalling mechanisms distal to GPCR stimulation may reveal novel targets for therapeutic manipulation.
P105 Burkholderia latens--a new infection in CF patients
Authors: A. Horsley, C. Perry, K. Martin, K. Webb, D. Kenna, A. Jones
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Burkholderia latens was first recognised as a novel species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in 2008. To date, there are no reports of pulmonary infection. Here, we report a cluster of three CF patients all with chronic infection by <i>B latens</i>, and all geographically linked. <h3>Patient details</h3> Three patients have been identified as chronically infected with <i>B latens</i>: a 23-year female (FEV<sub>1</sub> 23% predicted), a 23-year M (FEV<sub>1</sub> 55%), and a 26-year female (FEV<sub>1</sub> 37%). The first two live within 1 mile of each other, and had been known to be infected with Bcc since childhood, though the organism was only finally identified as <i>B latens</i> in 2009. The third patient has been infected since May 2008, but had lived in the same town as the other patients until 2 years previously, and had attended the same paediatric centre. <h3>Microbiology</h3> All <i>B latens</i> isolates were confirmed by recA sequencing at the national reference laboratory (Colindale), and PFGE profiles showed &gt;90% similarity. Multiple isolates have been obtained from each of the three patients, and they are all considered chronically infected. Formal eradication has not been attempted. <h3>Clinical impact</h3> Over the preceding 3 years, annual decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> was 6.5% and 4.5% for the first two patients, though this deterioration was not attributed to Bcc. Annual decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> for patient 3 was 1.5%, with no significant change in spirometry, rate of decline in spirometry or weight following isolation of <i>B latens</i>. There have been no cases of cepacia syndrome sepsis secondary to <i>B latens</i>. <h3>Summary</h3> This is the first report of chronic pulmonary infection by <i>B latens</i>. All three subjects are geographically linked to the same town. The organism may come from a common environmental source, but cross infection cannot be ruled out. In this small sample there do not appear to have been any short-term unexpected adverse effects on lung health (patient 3), but it is not yet possible to infer the longer term effects of chronic <i>B latens</i> infection.
Gordon Bentley Bruce White
Authors: Philippa M B White, George C Turner
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Neurologist who discovered and gave his name to a hereditary form of amyloidosis While working at the Santo António General Hospital in Porto (which had hired him as an unpaid neurologist to head the hospital's first department of neurology) Corino de Andrade noticed patients presenting with features that were characteristic of a peripheral neuropathy but did not fit any established clinical entity.During the next decade he came across dozens of similar cases and did extensive research on the epidemiology and pattern of transmission of this as yet unidentified disease.In 1942 the autopsy of one of his patients revealed the presence of an amyloid substance in several body tissues.This led him to describe a new hereditary amyloid polyneuropathy-particularly prevalent not only in the fishing areas of northern Portugal, but also in coastal regions of other countries, including Japan and Sweden.This familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (Portuguese) also became known as Corino de Andrade's disease.Andrade's efforts were widely acknowledged by the international scientific community and attracted leading neurology gurus to Portugal.At a reception in Lisbon, Corino de Andrade met the editor of the British journal Brain, who expressed extreme interest in his research, prompting him to start writing his landmark 1952 paper.Politically, Corino de Andrade was a bothersome opponent of the repressive fascist regime that ruled Portugal at the time.He belonged to the Movement of Democratic Unity, and advocated the free discussion of ideas and projects that could lead to a fair and developed society.Having tapped his phone, the political police arrested him in 1951, just when he had finished writing his paper.He was jailed on charges of "subversive activities" and secret links with the Communist Party.He remained in prison for several months, which slowed the publication of his paper.Nevertheless, he managed to review the paper while behind bars, and some of his colleagues submitted two short versions of the article to other international publications.He was released after a few months, possibly thanks to the diligence of an influential colleague and of his English second wife, Gwendoline, a teacher at the British Institute in Porto.The paper remains today the most
THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA IN THE FEMALE
Authors: EMILY DUNNING BARRINGER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The successful treatment of gonorrhea depends largely on a thorough understanding of the underlying pathologic condition and on making a careful diagnosis before any type of treatment is instituted. The diagnosis should be established by a positive finding of the gonococcus by spread, culture or complement fixation test. Gonorrhea in the female can be likened in many ways to a typhoid infection. Taken as an acute infection in a woman or girl who has previously had normal pelvic organs, one may expect a fairly definite clinical course in an ascending infection, which passes up above the internal os. Thus it will run its course for a period of six to seven weeks, reach its clinical peak and then begin to subside, so that at the end of twelve to fourteen weeks one may look for a cessation of the clinical symptoms and the organs may return to approximately their original
From Advocacy to Allocation: The Evolving American Health Care System
Authors: J. Alfred Fabro
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is an informative, timely, and thought-provoking book by a social scientist specializing in health affairs, not only for his social science colleagues but for physicians, policy analysts, and policyholders.  He has assembled his own essays, lectures, and articles that have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine , the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine , and other respected and important publications. He has skillfully adapted his materials into book form so that the reader can obtain a comprehensive picture of the American health system, along with challenging and thoughtful suggestions for improvement.  After a 28-page introduction on the American health care system, the author divides his subject into four sections—Issues in Health Policy, The Promotion of Health, Illness Behavior, and the Management of Illness, The Health Professions, and The Health of Special Populations— each subdivided into several chapters of detail.  As he himself
ATP-Binding Cassette G-Subfamily Transporter 2 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Asymmetric Division in Mouse Cardiac Side Population Progenitor Cells
Authors: Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Kazumasa Unno, Xin Cao, Yiling Qiu, Ronglih Liao
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: After cardiac injury, cardiac progenitor cells are acutely reduced and are replenished in part by regulated self-renewal and proliferation, which occurs through symmetric and asymmetric cellular division. Understanding the molecular cues controlling progenitor cell self-renewal and lineage commitment is critical for harnessing these cells for therapeutic regeneration. We previously have found that the cell surface ATP-binding cassette G-subfamily transporter 2 (Abcg2) influences the proliferation of cardiac side population (CSP) progenitor cells, but through unclear mechanisms. Objective: To determine the role of Abcg2 on cell cycle progression and mode of division in mouse CSP cells. Methods and Results: Herein, using CSP cells isolated from wild-type and Abcg2 knockout mice, we found that Abcg2 regulates G1-S cell cycle transition by fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicators, cell cycle–focused gene expression arrays, and confocal live-cell fluorescent microscopy. Moreover, we found that modulation of cell cycle results in transition from symmetric to asymmetric cellular division in CSP cells lacking Abcg2. Conclusions: Abcg2 modulates CSP cell cycle progression and asymmetric cell division, establishing a mechanistic link between this surface transporter and cardiac progenitor cell function. Greater understanding of progenitor cell biology and, in particular, the regulation of resident progenitor cell homeostasis is vital for guiding the future development of cell-based therapies for cardiac regeneration.
Voxel reconstruction of mitral valves and left ventricles from limited sets of rotationally scanned transesophageal images
Authors: Xiang-Ning Li, Roy W. Martin, Malcolm Leggei, Brad Munt, Murali Sivarajan, Gerard Bashein, Daniel F. Leotta, Florence H. Sheehan, Edward Bolson, Catherine M. Otto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Assessment of microchimerism in rat liver transplantation by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: H Tashiro
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Mixed chimerism has been demonstrated in organ transplant recipients surviving over a long period. However, little is known about the fate and movements of donor cells following liver transplantation. In this study, using rat male-to-female liver transplantation, we assessed microchimerism by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A PCR specific for the Y-chromosome (sex-determining region Y [Sry]) allowed the distinction of small amounts of male cells in a large excess of female cells. Nonimmunosuppressed Lewis recipients of Lewis liver grafts survived > 60 days, and donor cells were detected in peripheral blood up to day 60 in four of six recipients. All immunosuppressed Lewis recipients survived for 60 days, and the donor cells were detected up to day 60. Semiquantitative PCR demonstrated that in immunosuppressed Lewis recipients surviving > 60 days with no acute rejection episode, the donor-to-recipient cell ratio remained > 1:1,000. In nonimmunosuppressed Lewis recipients of ACI liver allografts, donor cells in peripheral blood decreased rapidly by day 7. In immunosuppressed Lewis recipients of ACI liver allografts, donor cells were detected for longer periods, in proportion to the amount and duration of FK506 (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Osaka, Japan) administered. However, in recipients with deteriorating function due to ongoing rejection, small amounts (0.01 percent) of donor cells were detected. Our results indicate that the Sry-specific PCR is useful for assessing microchimerism following rat liver transplantation, and demonstrate correlation between microchimerism and graft outcome; high- level microchimerism (>0.l percent) correlated well with graft acceptance, whereas low-level microchimerism (<0.01 percent) did not.
Thromboprophylaxis and Major Oncologic Surgery Performed With Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Daniel Shouhed, Farin Amersi, Thomas Sibert, Karen Sibert, Emad Hemaya, Allan W. Silberman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with cancer undergoing major abdominal surgery who received preoperative indwelling epidural catheters (ECs) and no postoperative thromboprophylaxis.Retrospective analysis of a prospective database.Tertiary referral medical center. PATIENTS Between January 1, 2009, and July 31, 2011, 119 patients, with a mean age of 64.5 years (range, 34-95 years), underwent major abdominal oncologic surgery with an indwelling EC.Records of all patients were reviewed for age, duration of surgery, hospital length of stay, and clinical outcomes. All patients underwent lower extremity venous duplex ultrasonography prior to hospital discharge.The average operative time was 338 minutes. Mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 2.8 (1.4) days (range, 1-7 days). Patients ambulated by postoperative day 1 or 2. Most ECs were removed on postoperative day 4. There were no major complications from the EC. Fifty-two patients (44%) were treated with deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis on postoperative day 4 after removal of the EC. Lower extremity duplex studies showed 8 patients (6.7%) had an acute thrombus. One patient (0.8%) developed an asymptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis and 7 patients (5.9%) developed distal superficial thrombi. No patient developed a pulmonary embolus. CONCLUSIONS Thromboembolic complications following major abdominal surgery for cancer may be reduced with the use of ECs. Epidural catheters may directly prevent deep venous thrombosis through sympathetic blockade, resulting in increased blood flow to the lower extremities. This effect may also be attributable to earlier ambulation. These results suggest that patients who have an EC and do not receive concurrent postoperative thromboprophylaxis do not have an increased risk for thromboembolic events.
A Medical Survey of the Aleutian Islands (1948)
Authors: Fred Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE early health beliefs of the inhabitants of the Aleutian Islands, a territory of the United States stretching in a broken chain from the western end of the Alaskan Peninsula to Kamchatka off the eastern coast of Siberia for a distance of about 1200 miles, are described by Veniaminov as follows:The old men taught that whoever should talk badly about the sun, that for instance it heats too much, or hides itself too much, etc., will be blinded by it and not allowed to see its light. The moon will slay its detractor with a stone. And he who . . .
Every Bystander a Standby
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The bystander who witnesses a crime without coming to the victim's aid is legally innocent. There are no legal constraints on considerations of personal safety. Whether the witness is morally absolved of all guilt is, however, another matter. The verdict depends on the individual conscience and the moral drummer to whose beat it is attuned. Personal safety does not usually enter into consideration when a bystander witnesses a cardiopulmonary collapse. Nevertheless, some laymen are reluctant to initiate resuscitation, even though they may have been taught how to do it. The reluctance is understandable. It is based on fears of litigation and on a widespread notion that only physicians or trained paramedical personnel can be entrusted with the awesome responsibility of saving lives. How valid are these notions and fears? McIntyre and Hampton<sup>1</sup>conducted an extensive search of legal, medical, and lay literature, as well as personal inquiries and solicitations