tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholera From Raw Oysters Shipped Interstate
Authors: Andrew T. Pavia
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have investigated a case of cholera in Atlanta that apparently resulted from eating raw oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico. Previous outbreaks of cholera in the United States have been associated with eating improperly cooked crabs and shrimp,<sup>1</sup>but because oysters are frequently eaten raw they represent a potentially important new vehicle of infection. Oysters are distributed widely and physicians should be alert to the possibility that cholera may occur in inland areas. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On Nov 8, 1986, a healthy 28-year-old woman with no recent history of travel developed vomiting, abdominal cramps, and profuse watery diarrhea with 40 to 50 loose bowel movements per day. Toxicogenic<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>01, the organism that causes cholera, was isolated from her stool. She recovered after outpatient therapy with oral rehydration and tetracycline. On Nov 5, she had eaten two dozen raw oysters at a local
Drugs for Depression
Authors: A. D. Forrest
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIBCRTISOHNALthat the changes in urinary-oestrogens excre- tion after oophorectomy or adrenalectomy cannot be related to clinical benefit.6A possible conclusion is, therefore, that the benefit that follows oophorectomy or adrenalectomy in some patients with breast cancer is due not so much to removal of oestrogen as to the consequent liberation of gonadotrophins that follows such ablation therapy.In other words breast cancer in the younger woman may not be so much "oestrogen dependent" as "pituitary dependent."'There is, of course, other evidence that points to the same conclusion, but I hesitate to repeat this evidence in a letter.I would add only that my suggestion should lead logically to a trial of human pituitary gonadotrophin administration in patients with breast cancer failing to respond to castration.A similar trial was suggested in the treatment of cases showing a low gonadotrophin excretion after adrenalectomy.8The absence of reports of such trials in the literature to date reflects the difficulty of procuring adequate supplies of human pituitary gonadotrophin for thera- peutic trial, but I hope that this will be remedied in the near future.-Iam, etc.,
Renal Cortical Perfusion Defects Caused by Antiphospholipid Syndrome Seen on Fusion Imaging
Authors: Wesley B. Calhoun, Michael F. Hartshorne, Karen S. Servilla, Antonios H. Tzamaloukas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 42-year-old man presented with hypertension, a progressive increase in serum creatinine to a peak of 2.6 mg/dL, normal urinalysis, and a 24-hour urine protein excretion of 237 mg/24 hours (upper normal limit, 225 mg/24 hours). Renal ultrasound showed equal-size kidneys, and a technetium–diethylenetriame pentaacetic acid renogram showed split renal function of 41% in the left kidney and 59% in the right kidney. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigram fused on a noncontrast computed tomographic scan of the kidneys showed decreased cortical uptake in the superior renal poles, left more than right. Antiphospholipid immunoglobulin G antibody was 482 to 602 U (normal range, 0–18 U). A percutaneous renal biopsy provided findings consistent with antiphospholipid syndrome. Treatment with warfarin and maintenance of prothrombin time INR at ≥ 3.0 stabilized the serum creatinine at 2.0 to 2.3 mg/dL. The fusion dimercaptosuccinic acid–computed tomographic study assisted in making the diagnosis of the syndrome and the proper treatment.
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Binding Enhances Virion Stability and Promotes Environmental Fitness of an Enteric Virus
Authors: Christopher M. Robinson, Palmy R. Jesudhasan, Julie K. Pfeiffer
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)

Enteric viruses, including poliovirus and reovirus, encounter a vast microbial community in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, which has been shown to promote virus replication and pathogenesis. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that poliovirus binds bacterial surface polysaccharides, which enhances virion stability and cell attachment by increasing binding to the viral receptor. Additionally, we identified a poliovirus mutant, VP1-T99K, with reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding. Although T99K and WT poliovirus cell attachment, replication, and pathogenesis in mice are equivalent, VP1-T99K poliovirus was unstable in feces following peroral inoculation of mice. Consequently, the ratio of mutant virus in feces is reduced following additional cycles of infection in mice. Thus, the mutant virus incurs a fitness cost when environmental stability is a factor. These data suggest that poliovirus binds bacterial surface polysaccharides, enhancing cell attachment and environmental stability, potentially promoting transmission to a new host.
Purchasing for all: an alternative to fundholding
Authors: J P Graffy, J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate general practitioner participation in a district health authority9s purchasing work. <b>Design</b>: Questionnaire study of 131 Hackney general practitioners and 33 senior health service managers; review of the minutes of 28 meetings of the Hackney General Practitioners9 Forum and the contract between City and Hackney Health Authority and the St Bartholomew9s NHS Trust. <b>Setting</b>: Hackney General Practitioners9 Forum. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: General practitioners9 and managers9 perceptions of how representative and effective the general practitioners9 forum is; proportion of new quality targets and service developments contributed by general practitioners; main issues discussed by the forum and impact on district health authority policy. <b>Results</b>: 99 (76%) general practitioners and 27 (82%) managers responded. Both groups perceived the forum as representative. 92% (24/26) of the managers thought the forum was effective but only 74% (70/95) of general practitioners did so, largely because some doubted that the forum was listened to. 75% (103/138) if quality targets and 55% (16/29) of service developments planned in the 1993-4 contract were contributed by general practitioners. They also lobbied successfully for more resources for urology and community mental health services. <b>Conclusions</b>: Input into commissioning via a general practitioners9 forum can be both representative and effective. General practitioners need to work closely to achieve a consensus and those involved need administrative support. The relation between general practice and public health medicine needs to be strengthened.
Evaluation of Soft Tissue Injury by Tc-99m Bone Agent Scintigraphy
Authors: EBRAHIM S. DELPASSAND, RAMESH D. DHEKNE, BRUCE J. BARRON, WARREN H. MOORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Six patients with soft tissue injury secondary to different etiologic factors are presented. The degree and extent of tissue necrosis was precisely identified by scintigraphy. In two of these, radionuclide imaging helped to establish accurately the level of amputation that resulted in appropriate wound healing.
Neurological manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis.
Authors: I M Stanley, K R Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Peanut allergy (PNA) is the major cause of fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to foods. Traditional immunotherapy using peanut (PN) protein is not an option for PNA therapy because of the high incidence of adverse reactions. We investigated the effects of s.c. injections of engineered (modified) recombinant PN proteins and heat-killed <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (HKLM) as an adjuvant on anaphylactic reactions in a mouse model of PN allergy. PN-allergic C3H/HeJ mice were treated s.c. with a mixture of the three major PN allergens and HKLM (modified (m)Ara h 1–3 plus HKLM). The effects on anaphylactic reactions following PN challenge and the association with Ab levels and cytokine profiles were determined. Although all mice in the sham-treated groups exhibited anaphylactic symptoms with a median symptom score of 3, only 31% of mice in the mAra h 1–3 plus HKLM group developed mild anaphylaxis, with a low median symptom score of 0.5. Alterations in core body temperature, bronchial constriction, plasma histamine, and PN-specific IgE levels were all significantly reduced. This protective effect was markedly more potent than in the mAra h 1–3 protein alone-treated group. HKLM alone did not have any protective effect. Reduced IL-5 and IL-13, and increased IFN-γ levels were observed only in splenocytes cultures from mAra h 1–3 plus HKLM-treated mice. These results show that immunotherapy with modified PN proteins and HKLM is effective for treating PN allergy in this model, and may be a potential approach for treating PNA.
836 IMPAIRED LIVER REGENERATION IN MICE LACKING GLYCINE-N-METHYLTRANSFERASE
Authors: M. Varela-Rey, N. Beraza, D. Fernandez, N. Martinez-Lopez, N. Embade, L. Gomez, M. Vazquez Chantada, J. Rodriguez, Z. Luka, C. Wagner, S.C. Lu, M.L. Martinez Chantar, J.M. Mato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling attenuates anemia associated with inflammation
Authors: Andrea U. Steinbicker, Chetana Sachidanandan, Ashley J. Vonner, Rushdia Z. Yusuf, Donna Y. Deng, Carol S. Lai, Kristen M. Rauwerdink, Julia C. Winn, Borja Saez, Colleen M. Cook, Brian A. Szekely, Cindy N. Roy, Jasbir S. Seehra, Gregory D. Cuny, David T. Scadden, Randall T. Peterson, Kenneth D. Bloch, Paul B. Yu
Journal: Blood (2011)
Diphenylhydantoin Metabolism in Chronic Uremia.
Authors: Harlan M. Mellk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Diphenylhydantoin Metabolism in Chronic Uremia.Harlan M. Mellk, M.D., Joseph M. Letteri, M.D., F.A.C.P., Peter Durante, M.D., Sidney Louis, M.D., Henn Kutt, M.D., Anthony Glazko, Ph.D.Harlan M. Mellk, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph M. Letteri, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Peter Durante, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sidney Louis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henn Kutt, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Anthony Glazko, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-801_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe metabolic fate of diphenylhydantoin, a commonly used anticonvulsant in uremia, is not known. Studies were performed in adult uremic patients with a mean plasma creatinine of 12.6 ± 5 mg/100 ml (range, 5.5 to 22 mg/100 ml). These patients did not receive peritoneal or extracorporeal dialysis during the study. Ten patients received 300 mg of oral diphenylhydantoin daily for 28 days. Mean diphenylhydantoin plasma concentrations at 28 days was 4.7 ± 1.8 μg/ml. In nonuremic individuals equivalent dosage schedules produced concentration of 9.5 ± 4.4 μg/ml, a difference which is highly significant (P< 0.01). Five patients received 400... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Meadow and New York, N.Y.; and Ann Arbor, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of Renal Failure and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Pretreatment on the Disposition and Metabolism of Antipyrine in the Rat“In vitro” studies on the fate of diphenylhydantoin in uremiaIndividualization of Dosage of Antiarrhythmic DrugsDrug Selection and Dosage in Renal InsufficiencyUntersuchungen zum Einflu� der Ur�mie auf die Metabolisierung von Phenylbutazon und Aminophenazon beim MenschenProtein Binding of Diphenylhydantoin and Desmethylimipramine in Plasma from Patients with Poor Renal Function 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 801-801KeywordsAnticonvulsantsAttentionBlood plasmaCreatinineMedical dialysis Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary function test outcomes in healthy Navajo Native American adolescents.
Authors: S M Berman, D A Arnall, M W Cornwall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Prediction equations for estimating lung volumes have been determined for Caucasians, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans. These separate equations were determined because of differences in thoracic morphology between people of various racial groups, making it impossible to use one prediction formula to accurately estimate lung volumes for all individuals. One hundred ninety-one adolescent Navajo children (males, n = 110; females, n = 81) between 11 and 18 yr of age volunteered for the study and underwent a series of pulmonary function tests (PFT). New pulmonary function prediction equations for Navajo youth were generated for estimating pulmonary volumes and capacities that more accurately predict expected PFT outcomes than formulas in common use for Caucasian, Mexican-American, or African-American youth.
The Functional and Structural Outcome of Inner Ear Gene Transfer via the Vestibular and Cochlear Fluids in Mice
Authors: Kohei Kawamoto, Seung-Ha Oh, Sho Kanzaki, Nadine Brown, Yehoash Raphael
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Mice present an ideal model for inner ear gene therapy because their genome is being rapidly sequenced, their generation time is relatively short, and they serve as a valuable model for human hereditary inner ear disease. However, the small size of the mouse inner ear poses a particular challenge for surgical procedures. We have developed a new approach for viral inoculation into the mature mouse inner ear, using a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing the bacterial gene lacZ. We administered the virus through the posterior semicircular canal (canalostomy) and into the cochlea (cochleostomy). Both approaches caused lacZ to be expressed in cells lining the perilymphatic space. One canalostomy case showed gene expression in sensory cells of the crista ampullaris, whereas the cochleostomy group showed gene expression in the sensory cells in the organ of Corti and saccule. Functional tests after the surgery showed that the canalostomy preserved hearing, whereas the cochleostomy did not. Any vestibular function transiently lost after the canalostomy was recovered. Our findings indicate that inoculation of adenovirus vectors into the mouse inner ear through the semicircular canal has the potential to efficiently introduce transgenes to the vestibular system and the cochlea without compromising hearing.
Another Surprise from the Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: R. Sanders Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Advances in the field of mitochondrial genetics have challenged the general principles of molecular biology on several occasions. The universality of the genetic code that relates triplet-nucleotide sequences in DNA to specific amino acids in proteins was overturned by the discovery that the translation of mitochondrial proteins involves different coding rules.1 Studies of mitochondria led to the surprising discoveries of autocatalytic RNA (RNA with enzymatic activity in the absence of proteins), RNA editing (post-transcriptional modification of the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA [mRNA]), and trans-splicing (the joining of two separate primary RNA transcripts to form a single mRNA molecule).2– . . .
Lack of awareness of skin cancer among immunocompromised patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a questionnaire survey
Authors: F.R. Ali, N. Brown, J.T. Lear, M. Helbert, I.N. Bruce, M.C. Venning
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

F.R.A. and N.B. share first authorship. Funding sources: This research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and a grant from Roche Pharmaceuticals. I.N.B. is supported by Arthritis Research U.K., the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, the NIHR Biomedical Research Unit Funding Scheme, the NIHR Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. Conflicts of interest: J.T.L. has accepted honoraria for speaking at meetings by LEO Pharma, Galderma, Almirall, Astellas and GSK. Dear Editor, Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV) encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, previously Wegener granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, previously Churg–Strauss syndrome).1 Patients with AAV typically receive induction therapy with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, followed by long‐term maintenance immunosuppression. A multidisciplinary group including clinicians, research methodologists and patient representatives developed a self‐report questionnaire for patients with AAV, which sought to establish immunosuppression exposure, patients' knowledge of side‐effects of their medications, and previous diagnoses of skin malignancies, together with skin‐surveillance uptake, dermatological follow‐up and use of sun‐protective measures. The questionnaire was validated in a local cohort of 30 patients with autoimmune disease, showing concurrence of 83% between patient‐reported information and that corroborated in the medical records. The questionnaire, an invitation letter and a stamped addressed envelope were posted to all 697 members of the patient advocacy group, Vasculitis U.K. Of 378 (54%) questionnaires returned, 306 responses were analysed from patients indicating a diagnosis of AAV or systemic vasculitis. This included 112 (37%) male and 190 (62%) female patients; the median age was 64 years.
STONE CUTTERS AND GRANITE CUTTERS
Authors: Edward J. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to endorse the communication of Dr. C. E. Perry (The Journal, Dec. 24, 1927, p. 2211). I think it very unfortunate that the classification "stone cutters" is used. I have lived and worked in the marble district of Vermont for fifteen years and only rarely find tuberculosis in a marble cutter. It is quite as apt to appear in office workers or in the families of the cutters as it is in the cutters themselves. Dr. Perry has already pointed out that granite cutters frequently switch to marble cutting. My belief is that marble dust is not harmful and it is unfortunate that the occupation should be classed with granite cutting, which is quite another story.
Positive-Outcome Bias and Other Limitations in the Outcome of Research Abstracts Submitted to a Scientific Meeting
Authors: Michael L. Callaham, Robert L. Wears, Ellen J. Weber, Christopher Barton, Gary Young
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Studies with positive results are more likely to be published in biomedical journals than are studies with negative results. However, many studies submitted for consideration at scientific meetings are never published in full; bias in this setting is poorly studied.To identify features associated with the fate of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting.Prospective observational cohort, with 5-year follow-up of all research submitted for consideration to the major annual 1991 US research meeting in the specialty of emergency medicine.All research abstracts submitted for consideration at the meeting for possible presentation.Characteristics associated with acceptance for presentation at the meeting and subsequent publication as a full manuscript.A total of 492 research abstracts were submitted from programs in emergency medicine and other specialties affiliated with 103 US medical schools. A total of 179 (36%) were accepted for presentation and 214 (43%) were published in 44 journals. Of the 179 abstracts accepted for presentation, 111 studies were published. Scientific quality of abstracts or prestige of the journal in which the study was eventually published did not predict either of these outcomes. The best predictors (by logistic regression) of meeting acceptance were a subjective "originality" factor (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.89) and positive results (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.07-3.84), and, for publication, meeting acceptance (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.49-4.35) and large sample size (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.23-4.31). Forty-nine percent (241) of abstracts did not report on blinding, and 24% (118) did not report on randomization. Acceptance and publication were both more likely for positive outcomes (P=.03). Funnel plots showed the classic distribution of positive-outcome ("publication") bias at each of the submission, acceptance, and publication phases. Meeting acceptance predicted publication with a sensitivity of only 51%, specificity of 71%, positive predictive value of 57%, and negative predictive value of 66%.Positive-outcome bias was evident when studies were submitted for consideration and was amplified in the selection of abstracts for both presentation and publication, neither of which was strongly related to study design or quality.
Doctors' careers are blighted by discrimination, says BMA
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The BMA has called for a strategy of “zero tolerance” towards discrimination against doctors in the NHS, after research has found that doctors' careers are being blocked on grounds of disability, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender.

For its report the BMA interviewed 25 self selected doctors who had experienced discrimination. The doctors were asked about what had happened to them, how their experiences had made them feel, and how they thought things should change.

Their experiences showed that discrimination was widespread throughout the NHS and that not enough was being done to tackle it, the report says.

One woman commented: “I have encountered extreme obstacles in my career progression to the point where I frankly didn't really want …
Corrected Timi Frame Count (CTFC) and quantitative stress myocardial perfusion imaging defect score independently predict major adverse cardiac events following successful primary angioplasty: a dipyridamole Tc99m sestamibi gated SPECT imaging study
Authors: Satyendra Giri, Alan Ahlberg, Joseph Mitchel, Michael Gibson, Abdul Alkelyani, Jeffrey J. Popma, Deborah Katon, Andrew C. Eisenhauer, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
WHO's world health report 2003: Actions speak louder than words
Authors: V. K Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Walt's editorial on the World Health Report 2003 highlights the challenges of health and inequality.1 The report makes grim reading and shows the failure of past initiatives.2 It has taken the world 25 years to realise the importance of strengthening health systems and developing primary health care. The return to the Alma …
COOPERATION BETWEEN HOSPITALS AND GENERAL PRACTITIONERS
Authors: E. M. Bluestone
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —Recent comment on the relation of the hospital to the physician has interested me as a student of clinical administration, and I wonder whether a further excursion into the realm of medical idealism is not warranted by modern hospital practice. The growth of the closed general hospital has brought a regrettable estrangement between the private practitioner and the hospital. The reason is not far to seek. Opportunities for the stimulation of the scientific spirit are more numerous in hospital than in private practice. Cases in logical series are more readily observed and studied in the hospital. Necessary bedside visits have no financial aspect, and are continuous. The patient is removed from the diverting influences of friends and relatives, whose changeable tactics are the bane of the practitioner. The hospital has a better organization for study, with diagnostic, therapeutic, nursing and technical facilities close at hand. Perhaps this