tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelin in hypertension: A role for receptor antagonists?
Authors: P Moreau
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

The rapid development of endothelin-receptor antagonists has made the endothelin pathway a new therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, only ten years after the report of its discovery. While the first clinical trials will help to position this new family of compounds in our therapeutic armament for the treatment of essential or secondary forms of hypertension, several preclinical chronic studies already provide a picture of what we can expect from these drugs. Endothelin-receptor antagonists are not effective in all experimental models of hypertension, but those that respond present hypertrophy of small arteries, secondary to a local overexpression of the peptide. Although angiotensin II seems to represent a stimulus for endothelin overexpression in some models, other, as yet undetermined, stimuli are likely in others. Besides their narrow spectrum of antihypertensive activity, endothelin-receptor antagonists may also protect from complications of hypertension by improving end-organ function in a pressure-independent manner. This seems to be the case for the structure and reactivity of resistance arteries, as well as for renal damage. However, it is not clear at this point if cardiac structure and function are improved beyond the benefits produced by blood pressure reduction. The first results in essential hypertensive subjects suggest some degree of efficacy of endothelin-receptor antagonists. Other clinical trials will help to determine if secondary forms of the disease benefit equally or more from this new class of drugs, and if end-organ damage can be reduced beyond blood-pressure reduction.
Amnesty International's medical group.
Authors: J Pollert, E M Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

babies) given infusions of the drug for preeclampsia.7It therefore seems possible, but is not proved, that therapeutic doses of chlormethiazole may predispose old people to hvpothermia.However, wvhether chlormcthiazole is any better or worse than other hypnotics in this respect is not known, and somc research is needed.
Quantitative Overview of Randomized Trials of Amiodarone to Prevent Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Ida Sim, Kathryn M. McDonald, Philip W. Lavori, Catherine M. Norbutas, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Some randomized clinical trials of amiodarone therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death have had positive results and others have had negative results, but all were relatively small. This meta-analysis aimed to pool all trials to assess the effect of amiodarone on mortality and the impact of differences in patient population and study design on trial outcomes. Methods and Results Fifteen randomized trials were identified, and outcome measures were combined by use of a random effects model. The effect of patient population and study design on total mortality was assessed by use of a hierarchical Bayes model. Amiodarone reduced total mortality by 19% (confidence limits, 6% to 31%; P &lt;.01), with somewhat greater reductions in cardiac mortality (23%, P &lt;.001) and sudden death (30%, P &lt;.001). Mortality reductions were similar in trials enrolling patients after myocardial infarction (21%), with left ventricular dysfunction (22%), and after cardiac arrest (25%). There was a trend toward greater risk reduction in trials requiring evidence of ventricular ectopy (25%) than in the remaining trials (10%). The trials using placebo controls had considerably less risk reduction (10%) than trials with active controls (27%) or usual care controls (42%, posterior odds &lt;0.02). Conclusions Amiodarone reduced total mortality by 10% to 19% in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. Amiodarone reduced risk similarly in patients after myocardial infarction, with heart failure, or with clinically evident arrhythmia. The apparent inconsistencies among results of randomized trials appear to be due to small sample sizes and the type of control group used, not the type of patient enrolled.
MODIFICATION OF THE ESMARCH CHLOROFORM INHALER.
Authors: W. P. MEGRAIL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This modification of Esmarch's inhaler possesses the following advantages: A simple, firm and rapid method of fastening gauze or other material to the Esmarch frame by fitting the ring inside of the frame instead of on the outside, as in the old model. The ring and frame are so fastened together that one can not be lost from the other, nor can they in any manner be put together wrong. The patient is not annoyed by the rough edge of the gauze or metallic frame, and yet it will fit closer to the face, thereby requiring less of the anesthetic. Should the gauze become soiled with vomit or sputa during anesthesia it can be almost instantly replaced with new.
Biologically plausible particulate air pollution mortality concentration-response functions.
Authors: Steven Roberts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In this article I introduce an alternative method for estimating particulate air pollution mortality concentration-response functions. This method constrains the particulate air pollution mortality concentration-response function to be biologically plausible--that is, a non-decreasing function of the particulate air pollution concentration. Using time-series data from Cook County, Illinois, the proposed method yields more meaningful particulate air pollution mortality concentration-response function estimates with an increase in statistical accuracy.
HAEMATURIA FOLLOWING INSULIN INJECTIONS
Authors: J. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TAEMATURIA FOLLOWING INSULIN INJECTIONS.[IMBRJloUvAL 231 wound around the pedicle of the volvulus and was free from constriction.The entire jejunum and ileum were implicated in the volvulus.They.presented an extraordinary appearance, being deeply cyanosed, quite collapsed and empty, and massed into a compact bunch, which depended freelv from the narrow pedicle of the superior mesenteric axis.The mass of congested, collapsed bowel could be most accurately likened to a conglomeration of bluish earthworms.The mass was rotated in an anti-clockwise direction through about 360 degrees.A few light, recent adhesions were present about the constricted portion of the duodenum; these were readily separated and permitted the organ to come into its natural position behind the meseniter-ic r oot.So -soon as the constriction of the duodenum was relieved by untwisting the volvulus, the gaseous and fluid contents of the dilated stomach and upper duodenum passed rapidly down thie jejunum and had entered the ileum before the bowels could be returned to the abdomen.Since the infant was seriously ill from four days of acute duodenal obstruction it was thought utnwise to prolong the operation by fixing the repfaced intestine.s.It was hoped that this would occur naturally in the course of post-natal development.The abdomen was closed.The operationi had been a very easy *and rapid one.Progrc.s.-No further vomiting occurred, and the infant took the bottle well within three hours of opetation.An uninter- rupted convalescence ensued and she was discharged from hos- pital on the fourteenth day.She has been seen at riegular intervals since.She has progressed quite normally; there has been no vomiting, no evidence of abdominal pain, anid a steady gain ill weight.At the last report (November 23rd, 1926) the child appears a particular ly robust little girl of 6 months, weighing T Iregard this case with peculiar satisfaction, as it repre- sents to me the outcome of former embryological and pathological researches in practical dia.gnlosis and( operative| cure.
Amyloid Imaging Mismatch
Authors: Ryogo Minamimoto, Kenji Ishii, Kazuo Kubota, Miyako Morooka, Momoko Okasaki, Kimiteru Ito, Takuya Mitsumoto, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Takashi Sato, Makoto Mochizuki, Osamu Okazaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

An 82-year-old man with suspected systemic amyloidosis and complete atrioventricular block underwent vascular biopsy during his pacemaker implantation with pathology showing amyloid deposits. 99mTc-aprotinin SPECT revealed increased radiotracer uptake along the left ventricular wall, consistent with cardiac amyloidosis. 11C-PiB PET/CT performed for the evaluation of amyloid deposits in the brain showed findings suggestive of Alzheimer disease without abnormal radiotracer concentration in the myocardium to match the 99mTc-aprotinin SPECT findings. Dynamic PET images showed increased 11C-PiB concentration in the left ventricular myocardium at 2 minutes after injection, with subsequent tracer clearance by approximately 5 minutes, consistent with normal 11C-PiB biodistribution.
A Comparison of Hepatopathologists' and Community Pathologists' Review of Liver Biopsy Specimens From Patients With Hepatitis C
Authors: Maire Robert, Andre N. Sofair, Ann Thomas, Beth Bell, Stephanie Bialek, Christopher Corless, Grace Van Ness, Sharon Huie–White, Nicole Stabach, Atif Zaman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
DNA sequences of human papillomavirus types 11, 16, and 18 in lesions of the uterine cervix in the west of Scotland.
Authors: D W Millan, J A Davis, T E Torbet, M S Campo
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Punch biopsy specimens of the cervix were examined both histologically and for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences. The presence of HPV DNA sequences was sought with the Southern blot technique using radioactively labelled HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA probes, both together and separately. Twenty six biopsy specimens were examined. Histological examination showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 in 16 specimens, viral changes (koilocytosis) in four, and inflammation or a normal appearance in three. Eleven specimens were negative for HPV DNA sequences, 10 contained HPV-16 DNA, four contained HPV-18 DNA, and one contained both HPV-18 and HPV-11 DNA. Episomal HPV-16 DNA was detected in one case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and in five cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 with koilocytosis; and episomal HPV-18 DNA was found in two specimens classed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3, one of which also contained HPV-11 DNA, and in one specimen that showed viral changes alone. Integrated HPV DNA was found in six specimens (four with HPV-16 DNA and two with HPV-18 DNA), including two cases of chronically inflamed cervix with no histological evidence of viral infection or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Detection of viral DNA in early lesions may identify patients at risk of malignant progression. This is the first report of HPV-18 DNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Scotland.
Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism is associated with reduced incidence of acute chest syndrome among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Christopher J. Bean, Sheree L. Boulet, Dorothy Ellingsen, Meredith E. Pyle, Emily A. Barron-Casella, James F. Casella, Amanda B. Payne, Jennifer Driggers, Heidi A. Trau, Genyan Yang, Kimberly Jones, Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah, W. Craig Hooper, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: Blood (2012)
Neuregulin 1 regulates excitability of fast-spiking neurons through Kv1.1 and acts in epilepsy
Authors: Ke-Xin Li, Ying-Mei Lu, Zheng-Hao Xu, Jing Zhang, Jun-Ming Zhu, Jian-Ming Zhang, Shu-Xia Cao, Xiao-Juan Chen, Zhong Chen, Jian-Hong Luo, Shumin Duan, Xiao-Ming Li
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Aiolos Promotes Anchorage Independence by Silencing p66Shc Transcription in Cancer Cells
Authors: Xichuan Li, Zhao Xu, Wei Du, Zhenfa Zhang, Yiliang Wei, Hao Wang, Zhiyan Zhu, Litao Qin, Lin Wang, Qing Niu, Xiulan Zhao, Luc Girard, Yimei Gong, Zhenyi Ma, Baocun Sun, Zhi Yao, John D. Minna, Lance S. Terada, Zhe Liu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Isolated Visual Symptoms in an Older Woman
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the recent Questions and Answers<sup>1</sup>discussion of a 63-year-old woman with vague visual alterations, tinnitus, and hypertension, Dr Mohr provides a useful summary and concludes that "an ophthalmologic cause seems most likely." Dr Goodwin also ascribes accommodation difficulties and raises the possibility of drug-induced symptoms. At first glance, the patient's symptoms appear isolated to the ophthalmologic area, but I believe that both have missed the diagnosis. This woman suffers from a common neurologic condition known as vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (VBAI). Because posterior circulation ischemic symptoms may be vague and mimic other conditions, the diagnosis of VBAI is often missed. It is important to recognize that tinnitus, hypertension, and the age of the patient are important clues. For example, in older patients, tinnitus may be an early warning signal of ischemia in the anterior-inferior cerebellar artery. Selective involvement of the cochlear artery may be specifically responsible
STAT5 requires the N-domain for suppression of miR15/16, induction of bcl-2, and survival signaling in myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Geqiang Li, Kristy L. Miskimen, Zhengqi Wang, Xiu Yan Xie, Jennifer Brenzovich, John J. Ryan, William Tse, Richard Moriggl, Kevin D. Bunting
Journal: Blood (2009)
Case management after severe head injury
Authors: C F Murray-Leslie, C Kenny
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We accept what seems to be the principal message of RJ Greenwood and colleagues' study of the effects of case management after severe head injury - that is, that case management is not a substitute for improvement in rehabilitation services.1 While recognising the need for evaluation of services, however, we believe that case management should not be disregarded as a potentially important element in a well integrated service. Our concept of case management differs from the …
Abstract 1378: The histone methyltransferase adaptor WDR5 is a novel cofactor in neuroblastoma
Authors: Yuting Sun, Pei Yan Liu, Daniel Carter, Nicolas Sokolowski, Karen L. MacKenzie, Glenn M. Marshall, Tao Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in early childhood. WDR5 is an essential component of the MLL and SET1/COMPASS histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complex and plays a key role in the trimethylation of H3K4. However, there is no previous study establishing the role of WDR5 in neuroblastoma. Results: Affymetrix gene array studies showed that knocking-down WDR5 expression with siRNAs reduced the expression of the cell cycle genes cyclin E1. Consistently, RT-PCR and immunoblot confirmed that WDR5 siRNAs reduced cyclin E1 mRNA and protein expression, ChIP assays showed that WDR5 siRNAs reduced histone H3K4 tri-methylation at the cyclin E1 gene promoter, and Alamar blue assays demonstrated that WDR5 induced neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Additionally, high levels of WDR5 gene expression in human neuroblastoma tissues predict poor patient survival independent of patient age and disease stage. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate WDR5 as a novel co-factor in neuroblastoma oncogenesis, and provide critical evidence to support the application of WDR5 inhibitors for the therapy of neuroblastoma patients. Citation Format: Yuting Sun, Pei Yan Liu, Daniel Carter, Nicolas Sokolowski, Karen L. MacKenzie, Glenn M. Marshall, Tao Liu. The histone methyltransferase adaptor WDR5 is a novel cofactor in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1378. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1378
Waking the wimp: Redox-modulation activates human beta-defensin 1
Authors: Bjoern O. Schroeder, Eduard F. Stange, Jan Wehkamp
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Antimicrobial peptides are key players of the innate immune system and form a primary barrier against infection by microorganisms. In humans, several classes of antimicrobial peptides are produced, including the defensins. These small, cationic peptides show broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, some fungi and some viruses. Defensins are characterized by six conserved cysteine residues which are connected via three disulphide bridges. Depending on the pattern of connectivity, human defensins are either classified as α- or β-defensins. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is constitutively expressed by epithelia, but in comparison with other antimicrobial peptides the antimicrobial activity of hBD-1 was comparably low. We recently found that after reduction of hBD-1's three disulphide bonds its antimicrobial activity is strongly enhanced. Reduction can be either performed by a reducing environment, as it is present in parts of the human intestine, the oral cavity and other locations, or enzymatically by the thioredoxin-system, which is one of the major redox regulators. Reduced hBD-1 is able to kill Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria of the human normal flora as well as an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, whereas the oxidized peptide does not show activity against these microorganisms. Herein we provide additional data about reduced hBD-1 and discuss the biological context of our findings.
Actinic keratoses induced by a sunbed
Authors: N H Cox
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Rational prescribingTakes time ED1TOR,-The Audit Commission has highlighted the financial cost of what it terms overprescribing by general practitioners, and politicians have been prompt to condemn such practice.'Although sensible prescribing is good practice and should be encouraged, this issue brings into relief some important aspects of general practitioners' activity.Limitations in resources available to general practitioners-particularly time-predict, to some extent, their choice of clinical management.Moreover, in the present political and social chlmate our expectation, even in primary care, is at an unprecedented level.The promise explicit
Massachusetts Department of Mental Health
Authors: Edward Meshorer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The Community Evaluation and Rehabilitation Clinic of the Wrentham State School wishes to extend its services for the mentally retarded of Massachusetts Department of Mental Health Region V (the geographic area covered by the Wrentham State School), which comprises Ashland, Bellingham, Blackstone, Boston (including the BSH area of Dorchester, Hyde Park, Roslindale, West Roxbury and Mattapan), Braintree, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham, Douglas, Dover, Framingham, Franklin, Grafton, Hingham, Holliston, Hopedale, Hopkinton, Hudson, Hull, Marlboro, Medfield, Medway, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millis, Millville, Milton, Natick, Needham, Newton, Norfolk, Northboro, Northbridge, Norwood, Plainville, Quincy, Randolph, Scituate, Sharon, Sherborn, Southboro, Sudbury, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Walpole, Wayland, . . .
Prehospital Lactated Ringer's Solution Treatment and Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Akihito Hagihara, Manabu Hasegawa, Takeru Abe, Yoshifumi Wakata, Takashi Nagata, Yoshihiro Nabeshima
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In a cohort of more than 500,000 individuals who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Japan, Akihito Hagihara and colleagues studied whether administration of lactated Ringer's solution was associated with survival and functional outcomes.
HBV-DNA detection by gene amplification in acute hepatitis B
Authors: Wim G. V. Quint, Inge de Bruijn, Hans Kruining, Rudolf A. Heijtink
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Serum samples from 62 women, inadvertently infected with hepatitis B virus in an in vitro fertilization program, were tested for the presence of hepatitis B virus-DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. Under conditions of a strict spatial separation of DNA extraction, amplification and product analysis, we succeeded in detection of as few as 360 hepatitis B virus particles per milliliter. Hepatitis B virus-DNA was detected with a high frequency during HBsAg and HBeAg antigenemia (98.5%) but also in the convalescent phase after appearance of antibody to HBsAg (18.2%). However, all patients with hepatitis B virus-DNA in convalescent sera were hepatitis B virus-DNA negative 3 to 6 mo later. All patients with HBeAg-positive samples showed hepatitis B virus-DNA positivity by polymerase chain reaction. For acute hepatitis, gene amplification restores the relationship between HBeAg and hepatitis B virus-DNA observed in serum from chronic hepatitis B patients and calls attention to the prolonged presence of hepatitis B virus-DNA in serum after generally accepted criteria for resolution of the infection have been reached. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:653–656).
Abstract LB-9: Mountain ginseng extract exhibits anti-lung cancer activity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
Authors: Ik Soon Jang, Junsoo Park, Seung Hoon Lee, JongSoon Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Administration of mountain ginseng (MG) extract can restore advanced cancer to a normal state. To elucidate the mechanism by which MG extract prevents the progression of lung cancer, the processes of proliferation and death of lung cancer cells (A549) were examined after treatment with MG extract. Butanol-extracted MG (BX-MG) showed a high inhibitory effect (IC(50) = 2 mg/ml) by attenuating proliferation and inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. By HPLC-UV analysis of BX-MG, ginsenosides, Rb1 was identified as the most abundant ginsenoside, followed by Rg1, Re, Rc and Rb2. BX-MG induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB. In addition, BX-MG activated p53 and p21, resulting in the attenuated proliferation of A549 cells. Reduced activity of the NF-κB promoter and increased activity of the p53 promoter indicate that BX-MG regulates apoptosis at the level of transcription in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, BX-MG blocked the nuclear translocation of RelA and the associated reduction in surviving. These results suggest that BX-MG inhibits lung cancer cell growth by activating tumor suppressors and inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Citation Format: Ik Soon Jang, Junsoo Park, Seung Hoon Lee, JongSoon Choi. Mountain ginseng extract exhibits anti-lung cancer activity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-9. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-9