tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Sprague H. Gardiner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I write to commend the editorial on "Sex Education in the Schools." It brings into focus the divergent opinions regarding this important subject. The American Medical Association's position has been and continues to be that the schools should augment the child's parental teaching and education in family life and human sexuality. It is important that our youth be taught and understand the normal and healthy physiological and psychological bases of their sexuality so that they may develop responsible attitudes and behavior which will contribute to subsequent successful and happy marriages and rewarding parenthood. Sexual promiscuity, venereal disease, and illigitimate pregnancy are serious complications of unhealthy and irresponsible personal and interpersonal attitudes and are detrimental to the health of the individual and society. The AMA realizes that the number of qualified teachers of sex education is insufficient. The Board of Trustees, through its Councils and Committees, has assumed
5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement for high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis (PARTNER 1): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Michael J Mack, Martin B Leon, Craig R Smith, D Craig Miller, Jeffrey W Moses, E Murat Tuzcu, John G Webb, Pamela S Douglas, William N Anderson, Eugene H Blackstone, Susheel K Kodali, Raj R Makkar, Gregory P Fontana, Samir Kapadia, Joseph Bavaria, Rebecca T Hahn, Vinod H Thourani, Vasilis Babaliaros, Augusto Pichard, Howard C Herrmann, David L Brown, Mathew Williams, Michael J Davidson, Lars G Svensson, Jodi Akin
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
SOME CONSIDERATIONS BEARING ON THE SURGEON, THE PATIENT, THE STUDENT, AND THE NURSE, BASED LARGELY ON THE PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF THE WRITER
Authors: W. Mills
Journal: BMJ (1910)

I have already referred to dysmenorrhoea and the cure of neurasthenic patients.Be certain, before undertaking an operation of this kind, thatthe patient is really suffering from genuine spasmodic dysmenorrhoea, and that she is not aneurotic woman, with pain intensified at the time of menstruation,In conclusion, I would say with much regret that I do not consider we know any more about dyemenorrhoea which will enable us to speak positively as to its etiology or pathology than we did years ago, but I cannot help feeling that further observations concerning the secre- tions of the ovary may open up a wide field of knowledge.The exact relation between the ovary, the thyroid, and the other ductless glands is still obscure,28 but we must earnestly hope that the time is not far distant when we shall be enabled to speak positively about the action of their important secretions, and that a true explanation of the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea may be forthcoming.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF PHOTOTHERAPY.
Authors: JAY FRANK SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Since the epoch-making researches of Finsen, light therapy has been accorded an established place in the treatment of disease. Finsen and his disciples have conclusively proved the value of this agent in the cure of one of the most disfiguring and distressing of cutaneous maladies—lupus vulgaris. Not every patient with lupus vulgaris can be cured by phototherapy, but this treatment produces a larger number of successes and effects better cosmetic results than any other known procedure. The best results are obtained when all of the details of treatment are carried out in accordance with the teachings of Finsen. In the light institute of Copenhagen, which city has become the mecca of lupus patients, better results are obtained than elsewhere by reason of the skill of the physicians and the experience of the nurses. Treatment with the high power (50 to 80 amperes) Finsen are lamps is not at all adapted
Airway Surface Liquid Calcium Modulates Chloride Permeability in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway
Authors: Peter G. Middleton, Katy A. Pollard, Elizabeth Donohoo, John R. Wheatley, Duncan M. Geddes, Eric W. Alton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) demonstrate a characteristic defect in epithelial chloride movement, which can be demonstrated in vivo by the nasal potential difference technique. After amiloride pretreatment, the CF airway exhibits only a transient response to perfusion with low-chloride solution, contrasting with the sustained hyperpolarization seen in control subjects. This study further investigated the response to low-chloride solution in the CF airway, examining the interaction between surface divalent ions and the low-chloride response. Sequential perfusion with amiloride, low chloride, and isoproterenol was tested in groups of subjects with CF, with the diluent containing different concentrations of calcium and magnesium, on different days. When the low-chloride response was measured with the nominally calcium-free diluents, the subjects with CF had mean (SEM) responses of 8.0 (0.7), 8.6 (2.4), and 9.6 (1.6) mV in the presence of 0, 1, and 3 mM Mg2+, respectively, significantly different from the response in the presence of divalent ions. However, the subsequent response to isoproterenol was not different in the presence or absence of divalent ions. We hypothesize that perfusion of the CF airway with nominally calcium-free solutions reduces tonic inhibition of chloride secretion.
How to link the specificity of cerebellar anatomy to motor learning?
Authors: Fahad Sultan, Detlef Heck, Harold Bekkering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The target article by Thach outlines the Brindley-Marr-Albus-Gilbert (BMAG) learning theory and extends its validity to cognitive processes. We provide here an alternative explanation for the positron emission tomography (PET) data cited by Thach in support of the BMAG model. We also comment on the anatomical and physiological basis of the BMAG model and Houk's adjustable pattern generator (APG), both models being based on similar assumptions, [HOUK et al.; THACH]
Alterations in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity as a basis for disease processes.
Authors: B A Molitoris, W J Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Polarized epithelial cells play fundamental roles in the vecto- rial movement of ions, water, and macromolecules between biological compartments.These vectorial processes include absorption (enterocytes and renal proximal tubule cells), se- cretion (hepatocytes, endocrine and exocrine cells), and ex- change (alveolar cells and capillary endothelium).The ability to conduct these vectorial processes is dependent on the struc- tural and functional organization of epithelial cells into: (a) structurally, biochemically, and physiologically distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains that contain different ion channels, transport proteins, enzymes, and lipids; and (b) cell-cell junctional complexes that integrate cells into a monolayer forming a cellular barrier between biological com- partments.The establishment and maintenance of this specialized cel- lular organization is a multistage process involving the forma- tion of cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts, and the estab- lishment and maintenance of the polarized distributions of plasma membrane and cytoplasmic components.Aberrations in any stage of this process could result in the development of celland tissue-specific abnormalities, and ultimately a patho- logic state.In this review we describe recent findings regarding basic cellular mechanisms involved in the organization of polarized epithelial cells.These fundamental cellular concepts are then used as a foundation for discussing potential alterations in- volved in disease processes in epithelial cells.Characteristics ofpolarized epithelial cells Distinct surface membrane domains.Polarized epithelial cells have a characteristic cellular organization that includes a sur- face plasma membrane organized into distinct apical and ba- solateral domains.Within these surface membrane domains enzymes, transport proteins, hormone receptors, and lipids are localized in a polarized fashion (Table I; for review, see refer- ences 1 and 2).Apical membranes face the external compart- ment and are composed of membrane proteins with special- ized properties related to the cell's primary function (e.g., ab- sorption).The basolateral membrane domain faces
Expression of fibulin-6 in failing hearts and its role for cardiac fibroblast migration
Authors: Arpita Chowdhury, Christine Herzog, Lisa Hasselbach, Houra Loghmani Khouzani, Jinli Zhang, Matthias Hammerschmidt, Carsten Rudat, Andreas Kispert, Matthias Gaestel, Manoj B. Menon, Igor Tudorache, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, Christian Mühlfeld, Jan Dieter Schmitto, Martin Müller, Gregor Theilmeier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsThe cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes a dynamic transition following myocardial infarction. Fibulin-6 is expressed in cell junctions particularly in tissues subjected to significant mechanical stress. Fibulin-6 deficiency results in defective cell migration in nematodes and early embryonic lethality in mice. The role of fibulin-6 in healthy and failing myocardium is unknown. We have examined the expression and distribution pattern of fibulin-6 during myocardial remodelling (MR) and detailed its effect on the migratory function of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in response to TGF-β1.
Clinical Results and Development of Variable-Stiffness Video Colonoscopes
Authors: T. Odori, H. Goto, T. Arisawa, Y. Niwa, N. Ohmiya, T. Hayakawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: This study was designed to assess the usefulness of variable-stiffness video colonoscopes, compared with conventional videoscopes.
A1-05: Concomitant radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT) versus sequential RT-CT in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A meta-analysis using individual patient data (IPD) from randomised clinical trials (RCTs)
Authors: Anne Auperin, Estelle Rolland, Walter J. Curran, Kiyoyuki Furuse, Pierre Fournel, Jose Belderbos, Gerald Clamon, Hakk Cüneyt Ulutin, Lesley Stewart, Cécile Le Pechoux
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Reliability of patient responses in pay for performance schemes: analysis of national General Practitioner Patient Survey data in England
Authors: M. Roland, M. Elliott, G. Lyratzopoulos, J. Barbiere, R. A Parker, P. Smith, P. Bower, J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the robustness of patient responses to a new national survey of patient experience as a basis for providing financial incentives to doctors. <b>Design</b> Analysis of the representativeness of the respondents to the GP Patient Survey compared with those who were sampled (5.5 million patients registered with 8273 general practices in England in January 2009) and with the general population. Analysis of non-response bias looked at the relation between practice response rates and scores on the survey. Analysis of the reliability of the survey estimated the proportion of the variance of practice scores attributable to true differences between practices. <b>Results </b>The overall response rate was 38.2% (2.2 million responses), which is comparable to that in surveys using similar methodology in the UK. Men, young adults, and people living in deprived areas were under-represented among respondents. However, for questions related to pay for performance, there was no systematic association between response rates and questionnaire scores. Two questions which triggered payments to general practitioners were reliable measures of practice performance, with average practice-level reliability coefficients of 93.2% and 95.0%. Less than 3% and 0.5% of practices had fewer than the number of responses required to achieve conventional reliability levels of 90% and 70%. A change to the payment formula in 2009 resulted in an increase in the average impact of random variation in patient scores on payments to general practitioners compared with payments made in 2007 and 2008. <b>Conclusions </b>There is little evidence to support the concern of some general practitioners that low response rates and selective non-response bias have led to systematic unfairness in payments attached to questionnaire scores. The study raises issues relating to the validity and reliability of payments based on patient surveys and provides lessons for the UK and for other countries considering the use of patient experience as part of pay for performance schemes.
Remarks on a Case of Aneurysm of the External Iliac Artery; Digital and Instrumental Compression; Complete Cure
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1888)

THB cure of the case of aneurysm now to be recorded must, I think, be credited to digital compression of the afferent artery, although at the moment of consolidation compression had been discontinued.H. D., aged 48, a porter, was admitted into University College Hospital, under my care, on April 7th, 1887, suffering from a large aneurysm of the left external iliac artery.His personal history was excellent.He was splendidly developed, was over six feet high, and had suffered from no illness of any kind, except gonorrhcea at the age of 20, until the present affection, which com- menced about one year before admission.Syphilis, gout, rheu- matism, and arterial degeneration were strongly negatived, both in his personal and family history.About twelve months ago a small lump was noticed in his left groin, which had steadily increased to its present size.Its ap- pearance was attributed to a severe strain in lifting.The tumour, which presented all the typical features of an aneurysm, was about 5 inches in its vertical diameter.Its inner border, which was -perfectly defined, reached nearly to the pubic spine, its outer almost to the anterior iliac spine.All pulsation could be stopped ljy pressure just below the bifurcation of the aorta, and also more
Comments regarding the article of van Staa et al. (<i>Am J Hematol</i> 2003;72:248–254), “non‐chemotherapy drug‐induced agranulocytosis: Epidemiological data of the cohort study of the Strasbourg University Hospital”
Authors: Emmanuel Andrès, Esther Noel, Frédéric Maloisel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)
THE TIME OF DECISION
Authors: ERNEST E. IRONS
Journal: JAMA (1949)

American medicine under free practice and without compulsion has accomplished results for which it need never apologize. These achievements are indissolubly related to a successful process of education and evolution in a democracy. The continuation of this process must not be halted by a revolutionary change promoted on the basis of such false premises and misstatements as appear in Senate bill 1679, the newest proposal of the present administration. On the basic principle of freedom for American medicine and freedom for America we cannot compromise. Our thirty years' war in behalf of this freedom for American medicine has reached the time of decision.  Our own country has thus far best withstood the strains of total war and the shocks of experiments in planned economy. We have been able to mitigate the sufferings of other nations and to assist them in their attempts to stabilize their governments. True, we have social
Identification of a thyroxine-containing self-epitope of thyroglobulin which triggers thyroid autoreactive T cells.
Authors: B R Champion, K R Page, N Parish, D C Rayner, K Dawe, G Biswas-Hughes, A Cooke, M Geysen, I M Roitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Although thyroglobulin (Tg), the thyroid prohormone, is well known as a T cell dependent autoantigen in human and experimental autoimmune thyroid disease, very little is known about the molecular basis of Tg recognition by T cells. In this paper, we have characterized the epitopes recognized by two clonotypically distinct, murine Tg autoreactive T cell hybridomas, CH9 and ADA2. In vitro iodination of a Tg preparation which was deficient in in vivo organified iodine was first used to confirm our previous observation that these T cells recognize iodination-related epitopes in the Tg molecule. Affinity chromatography of tryptic peptides derived from normally iodinated human Tg revealed that these epitopes were exclusively located in thyroxine (T4) containing peptides. Through the use of synthetic T4-containing peptides, representing the four major hormonogenic sites in Tg, we demonstrated that both CH9 and ADA2 recognize an epitope containing the T4 at position 2553 in human Tg. Sets of overlapping 5mer to 12mer peptides around this T4 showed that the most potent peptide was a 9mer beginning at Asp 2551. The T4 was shown to be a critical residue, since its replacement with any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids produced only nonstimulatory peptides. Since the T cell hybridomas could also be stimulated by major histocompatibility complex class II positive (interferon-gamma-treated) thyroid epithelial cells in vitro, and their parent T cell lines can induce thyroiditis on adoptive transfer, the T4-containing Tg sequence described here is implicated as a pathogenic epitope in murine thyroid autoimmunity.
Humanitarian Use Devices/Humanitarian Device Exemptions in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Aaron V. Kaplan, Elisa D. Harvey, Richard E. Kuntz, Hadas Shiran, John F. Robb, Peter Fitzgerald
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The Second Dartmouth Device Development Symposium held in October 2004 brought together leaders from the medical device community, including clinical investigators, senior representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration, large and small device manufacturers, and representatives from the financial community to examine difficult issues confronting device development. The role of the Humanitarian Use Device/Humanitarian Device Exemption (HUD/HDE) pathway in the development of new cardiovascular devices was discussed in this forum. The HUD/HDE pathway was created by Congress to facilitate the availability of medical devices for "orphan" indications, ie, those affecting <4000 individuals within the United States each year. The HUD/HDE pathway streamlines the approval process and permits less well-characterized devices to enter the market. HDE approval focuses primarily on issues of safety and scientific soundness and does not require demonstration of efficacy. In the 7 years since the first device was approved in 1997, a total of 35 HDEs have been granted (23 devices, 6 diagnostic tests). As the costs to gain regulatory approval for commonly used devices increase, companies often seek alternative ways to gain market access, including the HUD/HDE pathway. For a given device, there may be multiple legitimate and distinct indications, including indications that meet the HUD criteria. Companies must choose how and when to pursue each of these indications. The consensus of symposium participants was for the HUD/HDE pathway to be reserved for true orphan indications and not be viewed strategically as part of the clinical development plan to access a large market.
Anaphylactic relase of a basophil kallikrein-like activity. II. A mediator of immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Authors: H H Newball, R C Talamo, L M Lichtenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

This report describes the immune release of a new mediator from human peripheral leukocytes, a basophil kallikrein-like activity (BK-A). The release process is initiated by the interaction of antigen on anti-IgE with cell-bound IgE, and appears to be similar in mechanism to the relase of histamine and other mediators of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. The dose-response relationships and kinetics of histamine and BK-A release from antigen-challenged peripheral leukocytes are similar. The relase of the BK-A is calcium and temperature dependent, requires metabolic energy, and is controlled by hormone-receptor interactions that influence the cellular level of cyclic AMP, as has been described for other mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The data indicate that the interaction of BK-A with human plasma kininogen, generates immunoreactive kinin. We conclude that the antigen-IgE interation leads to the release from human basophils of a new mediator, a basophil kallikrein-like activity which may well be a link between reactions of immediate hypersenstivitity and the plasma and/or tissue kinin-generating systems.
Anaesthetist faces 18 charges of serious professional misconduct
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

An anaesthetist working in Britain could be banned from practice this month if found guilty of charges of serious professional misconduct over incidents in which a 10 year old boy died during a tooth extraction and a patient undergoing a caesarean section writhed in pain because she was not fully anaesthetised.

The General Medical Council in London was this week hearing evidence in the case of John Evans-Appiah, who came to Britain from Ghana in 1973 after qualifying in Ukraine.

Dr Evans-Appiah, from Leyton, east …
Failed Colonoscopy due to Hernia
Authors: Y. T. Lee, A. Y. Hui
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 A 70-year-old man was referred for colonoscopy for the investigation of bleeding per rectum. No history of hernia was documented in the referral notes. Colonoscopy by the first endoscopist failed due to "acute looping in the sigmoid colon." The patient was examined by the second endoscopist, and after removal of the pubic covering it was found that the colonoscope was actually inside a hernia (light seen inside the left scrotum). The hernia was reduced and full colonoscopy was completed with manual compression being applied to the orifice of the hernia.
Bush accused of pressuring countries to stop producing generic drugs
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Background: Single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was shown to induce malignant tumours in susceptible rat strains. However, such tumours are not well-characterized. Material and Methods: We characterized MNU-induced tumours in Sprague-Dawley rats using ultrasonographic, radiographic and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. Results: In 27 rats, 41 tumours developed, appearing ultrasonographically as hypodense, non-homogenic areas with signal enhancement at their periphery. Out of these, 39 were of malignant epithelial origin, with an IHC phenotype closely-resembling that of human invasive ductal breast carcinoma. One case was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. IHC analysis revealed that Ki-67 antigen expression correlated positively with tumour volume (r=0.40, p=0.0079). Moreover, tumours with α-smooth muscle actin in the tumour stroma were characterized by a higher proliferative rate as compared to those without its expression (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This rat model of chemical carcinogenesis may be suitable for examining breast cancer development and progression.
Right-Sided Heart Failure Due to Compression of the Right Atrium by Remarkable Ascending Aortic Elongation
Authors: Satoshi Akagi, Eiji Taguchi, Kazuhiro Dan, Yoko Ikeda, Yusuke Kawai, Kenichi Hisamatsu, Mitsuru Munemasa, Yoshihisa Fujimoto, Hiromi Matsubara, Hiroshi Mikouchi
Journal: Circulation (2005)