tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocytotic uptake, processing, and retroendocytosis of human biosynthetic proinsulin by rat fibroblasts transfected with the human insulin receptor gene.
Authors: J R Levy, A Ullrich, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The cellular itinerary and processing of insulin and proinsulin were studied to elucidate possible mechanisms for the observed in vivo differences in the biologic half-lives of these two hormones. A rat fibroblast cell line transfected with a normal human insulin receptor gene was used. Due to gene amplification, the cells express large numbers of receptors and are ideal for studying a ligand, such as proinsulin, that has a low affinity for the insulin receptor. Competitive binding at 4 degrees C showed that the concentration of unlabeled insulin and proinsulin that is needed to displace 50% of tracer insulin or proinsulin was 0.85-0.95 nM and 140-150 nM, respectively. Binding to surface receptors and internalization occur at rates that are four to five times faster in cells incubated with insulin compared with proinsulin. Chloroquine led to an increase in cell-associated radioactivity of approximately 1.4-fold in cells incubated with insulin or proinsulin, but inhibited the appearance of degraded insulin by 54% and degraded proinsulin by only 10%. To study the fate of internalized ligand, cells were incubated with insulin and proinsulin until steady state binding occurred. Surface bound ligand was removed by an acid wash and the remaining cell-associated radioactivity represented internalized ligand. Cells were then reincubated in 37 degrees C buffer and the cell-associated radioactivity and radioactivity released into the medium were analyzed by TCA precipitation, Sephadex G-50, and HPLC. The results demonstrated that proinsulin more readily bypasses the intracellular degradative machinery and is therefore released intact from the cell via the retroendocytotic pathway. These results may help to explain the prolonged metabolic clearance rate and biologic responsiveness of proinsulin in vivo.
Depression of sublingual temperature by cold saliva.
Authors: R E Sloan, W R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Sublingual and oesophageal temperatures were compared at various air temperatures in 16 subjects. In warm air (25-44 degrees C) sublingual temperatures stabilized within plus or minus 0-45 degrees C of oesophageal temperatures, but in air at room temperature (18-24 degrees C) they were sometimes as much as 1-1 degrees C below and in cold air (5-10 degrees C) as much as 4-4 degrees C below oesophageal readings. The sublingual-oesophageal temperature difference in cold air was greatly reduced by keeping the face warm, but it was not reduced in two patients breathing through tracheostomies and thereby eliminating cold air flow from the nose and pharynx. Parotid saliva temperature was low and saliva flow high during exposure, and cold saliva seemed to be mainly responsible for the erratic depression of sublingual temperature in the cold. These results indicate hazards in the casual use of sublingual temperatures, and indicate that external heat may have to be supplied to enable them to give reliable clinical assessments of body temperature.
CHI's methods for inspecting trusts are flawed, says King's Fund
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The methods of the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI) for inspecting trusts has “significant weaknesses,” says a report for the King's Fund, an independent health think tank.

“The authors question the process by which a rag bag of reflections (including variable attempts to capture the patient experience) are converted to global and quantified assessments,” the report says.

The three year study concentrated on CHI's reviews of acute trusts. Its aim was to use CHI's experiences to look at the problems of inspection in the NHS. The researchers did this by analysing reports produced by the commission, sitting in board meetings, and interviewing a range of people, including …
Vessel architectural imaging identifies cancer patient responders to anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Kyrre E Emblem, Kim Mouridsen, Atle Bjornerud, Christian T Farrar, Dominique Jennings, Ronald J H Borra, Patrick Y Wen, Percy Ivy, Tracy T Batchelor, Bruce R Rosen, Rakesh K Jain, A Gregory Sorensen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Development of a Gas Empowered Drug Delivery system for peptide delivery in the small intestine
Authors: A.M.M. Sadeghi, M.R. Avadi, Sh. Ejtemaimehr, Sh. Abashzadeh, A. Partoazar, F. Dorkoosh, M. Faghihi, M. Rafiee-Tehrani, H.E. Junginger
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Persistence of HIV-1 receptor–positive cells after HSV-2 reactivation is a potential mechanism for increased HIV-1 acquisition
Authors: Jia Zhu, Florian Hladik, Amanda Woodward, Alexis Klock, Tao Peng, Christine Johnston, Michael Remington, Amalia Magaret, David M Koelle, Anna Wald, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Ricardo L. Favaretto, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Daher C. Chade, et al. Comparison Between Laparoscopic and Open Radical Nephroureterectomy in a Contemporary Group of Patients: Are Recurrence and Disease-Specific Survival Associated with Surgical Technique? Eur Urol 2010;58:645–651
Authors: Shiu-Dong Chung, Yao-Chou Tsai, Kuo-Hsin Chen
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Exercise ventilatory inefficiency in mild to end-stage COPD
Authors: J. Alberto Neder, Flavio F. Arbex, Maria Clara N. Alencar, Conor D.J. O’Donnell, Julia Cory, Kathy A. Webb, Denis E. O’Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Ventilatory inefficiency during exercise is a key pathophysiological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, it is unknown how this physiological marker relates to clinically relevant outcomes as resting ventilatory impairment progresses across disease stages. Slope and intercept of the linear region of the ventilation-carbon dioxide output relationship and the ratio between these variables, at the lowest point (nadir), were contrasted in 316 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1-4 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, ranging from 148% pred to 12% pred) and 69 aged- and gender-matched controls, Compared to controls, slope and intercept were higher in GOLD stages 1 and 2, leading to higher nadirs (p<0.05). Despite even larger intercepts in GOLD stages 3 and 4, slopes diminished as disease evolved (from mean±sd 35±6 in GOLD stage 1 to 24±5 in GOLD stage 3, p<0.05). As a result, there were no significant differences in nadirs among patient groups. Higher intercepts, across all stages (p<0.01), and to a lesser extent lower slopes in GOLD stages 2-4 (p<0.05), were related to greater mechanical constraints, worsening pulmonary gas exchange, higher dyspnoea scores, and poorer exercise capacity. Increases in the ventilation intercept best indicate the progression of exercise ventilatory inefficiency across the whole spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.
National Medical Association Unveils Billboard Campaign to Promote Health in Black Communities
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE NATIONAL Medical Association (NMA) has joined forces with the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, the US Department of Health and Human Services, and other medical and health groups in a billboard campaign that will bring positive health and social messages into black communities across the United States. The first seven of these billboards were unveiled in August at the NMA's 98th Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly, held in San Antonio, Tex. The NMA, the professional organization whose members are mainly black physicians, is based in Washington, DC. "The goal of the billboard campaign is to communicate positive, culturally relevant health messages to an African-American population disproportionately suffering from diseases which cause sickness and premature death," says Richard O. Butcher, MD, immediate past president of the NMA. Because many of the health problems for which blacks are at higher risk are related to behavior, they are preventable, says Butcher, pointing
Infections of the Eye
Authors: A. Sorsby
Journal: BMJ (1960)

FRACTURED RIBProfessor BYWATERS: Was there any evidence at necropsy of any metastasis in the fractured rib that might have given us an earlier clue to the diagnosis ?Dr. HEARD: There were very widespread metastases.I didn't examine that particular rib, but I expect it was affected.Dr. COPE: What about this heavy intimal thickening, is it characteristic of asbestosis ?Does it lead to pulmonary hypertension, or what happens ?Dr. HEARD: The gross intimal thickening of the pulmonary arteries that I showed was in the fibrous areas.Elsewhere there was only a little thickening.With this and the normal right ventricle, I doubt whether there was much in the way of pulmonary hypertension here.
Serum Tenascin-C Might Be a Novel Predictor of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Prognosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Akira Sato, Kazutaka Aonuma, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida, Toshimichi Yoshida, Mitsuaki Isobe, Daisuke Kawase, Noriaki Kinoshita, Yoshio Yazaki, Michiaki Hiroe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Abnormal Serum Transaminase Levels after Parenteral Ampicillin and Carbenicillin Administration
Authors: Anthony K. Knirsch, Edward J. Gralla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE measurement of serum transaminase activity has become widely accepted as a reliable indicator of hepatic toxicity. Two factors that contribute to the marked sensitivity of this test are high concentrations of the enzyme in the liver and its relatively easy release after damage. Serum transaminase released after myocardial damage has found wide application in the practice of medicine. Underestimated thus far has been the fact that striated muscle also contains appreciable quantities of enzyme and therefore can contribute appreciably to circulating enzyme activity. In this light, it becomes apparent that irritating, but otherwise nontoxic, drugs, when injected into skeletal . . .
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Norman Otsuka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3701: Tomato carotenoids and testosterone modulate mRNA and miRNA profiles during prostate carcinogenesis.
Authors: Jennifer M. Thomas-Ahner, Lei Wan, Hsueh-Li Tan, Nancy E. Moran, Amy C. Elsen, Dennis K. Pearl, John W. Erdman, Steven K. Clinton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There is considerable evidence supporting the hypothesis that tomato carotenoids may contribute to prostate cancer prevention however the mechanisms remain uncertain. We propose that bioactive tomato components, such as lycopene, may impact testosterone signaling to inhibit prostate carcinogenesis. Four week-old C57/BL6 WT and TRAMP male mice were fed either control (AIN93G), 10% tomato powder or 0.25% lycopene beadlets. At eight weeks of age, mice were randomized among treatments: intact, castration, or castration + 2.5mg/kg testosterone repletion and animals sacrificed at 10 weeks of age. Prostate gene expression was quantified by Nanostring nCounter was used to quantify prostate gene expression with a 200 gene murine prostate carcinogenesis custom codeset and miRNA with codeset v1.1. Carotenoid analysis is by HPLC and proliferation (Ki67) by immunohistochemical evaluation. Feeding dietary tomato or lycopene increased serum lycopene, for example, in WT mice concentrations reached 335 +/- 33 nmol/L and 337 +/- 34 nmol/L in tomato and lycopene fed animals, respectively. As expected, the TRAMP genotype and testosterone stimulate proliferation with diet as a modulating factor. In the WT intact prostate, the tomato powder and lycopene diet decreased proliferation (p&amp;lt;0.009). The TRAMP genotype and endocrine status impacted the expression of multiple genes and miRNAs in several distinct patterns. For example, Birc5, Ki67, PCNA, BRCA1, ATM, Aurora kinase A / B, Cdc25c, Cyclin B2, cyclin E2, Fox M1,and miRs 15b, 16, 25, 200a, 200b, and 429 are increased in the TRAMP prostate, only when testosterone is present. Alternatively, TMPRSS2, CD31, CD34, Cox 2, nCad, Cyclin D1, Keratin 5, Shh, and p63, and miRs 145, 205, 328, and 423-5p are decreased in the TRAMP prostate in the presence of testosterone. Nkx3.1, miR 148a, and miR 375 are decreased upon castration whereas beta catenin, FGFR1 and TNF alpha are increased. Tomato and / or Lycopene modestly decreased expression of eCad, HIF 1 alpha, Paxillin, RxR alpha, Sca 1 and Vimentin and increased expression of CD133 and miR 22. These highly controlled in vivo studies document the strong interactions between genetic defects in the prostate, the hormonal environment, and diet in modulating early prostate carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Jennifer M. Thomas-Ahner, Lei Wan, Hsueh-Li Tan, Nancy E. Moran, Amy C. Elsen, Dennis K. Pearl, John W. Erdman, Steven K. Clinton. Tomato carotenoids and testosterone modulate mRNA and miRNA profiles during prostate carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3701
Research bodies disappointed by decision to cancel primate research laboratory
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Research organisations in the United Kingdom expressed concern about the future of neuroscience research requiring primate experimentation after the University of Cambridge announced last week that it had decided not to proceed with plans for a neuroscience research centre.

The University of Cambridge said that it would not continue with plans for a primate research centre because protests by animal rights campaigners had increased the costs of maintaining security.

Professor Colin Blakemore, chief executive of the Medical Research Council, said: “We must make sure that pressure and threats from a tiny minority of protestors do not impede research that is vital in the hunt for treatments and cures for terrible illnesses.”

He pointed out that a recent MORI survey showed that 90% of the general public accepted research involving animals as long as it was for medical research purposes, …
Radiation Protection-Reply
Authors: Luther L. Terry
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I think it should be clear from the second paragraph on page 999 of the article that we are in general agreement with Dr. Newell's comment. The relevant passage follows. "An additional comment is necessary in connection with environmental rather than source controls. The Federal Radiation Council recommendations are intended for guidance in normal peacetime operations. In these operations sources capable of releasing radioactive substances to our environment are generally under strict control. Therefore, the health risk permitted is extremely small. In situations where action possibilities are limited to the control of human exposure from contaminated air, water, and food, another very important consideration appears. Under these conditions it is essential that before any action is taken, its consequences should be carefully weighed against the risk of radiation exposure. In particular, drastic measures to control the air, water, and food supplies of large population groups might hold
NICE issues guidance on antibiotics for coughs and colds
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Antibiotics should not be prescribed for common respiratory tract infections, including cough, colds, and sore throats. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued clinical guidelines to GPs telling them not to prescribe antibiotics to patients who have minor respiratory illnesses.

NICE has advised GPs to tell their patients to rest, take painkillers and fluids, and stay at home instead.

In England and Wales a quarter of the population visit their GP because of such an infection each year, and they are the cause of 60% …
Coupling of the adhesive receptor CD11b/CD18 to functional enhancement of effector macrophage tissue factor response.
Authors: S T Fan, T S Edgington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Initiation and regulation of localized selective proteolysis is an important effector property of cells of macrophage (Mo) lineage. Among such effector responses is the induced expression of tissue factor (TF) by cells of Mo lineage. In characterizing the regulation of the Mo responses that may influence the magnitude of the effector phase of the cellular immune response, we have identified a role for the cell surface adhesive receptor CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3) to amplify the induced TF response. Occupancy of CD11b/CD18 by MAb as surrogate ligands does not directly initiate a TF response. In contrast, after either T cell-derived cytokine or LPS as initial signals, engagement of CD11b/CD18 by MAb induces a two- to eight-fold functional enhancement of the TF response in murine and human Mo. This pathway of CD11b/CD18 enhancement of this Mo effector response was also confirmed with recognized ligands for CD11b/CD18 by exposure of Mo to immobilized fibrinogen. A quantitative increase of Mo surface expression of TF was validated by flow cytometry. We suggest that engagement of CD11b/CD18 by complementary ligands including adherence to extracellular matrix, and possibly in antigen-driven TH:Mo collaborative responses, results in the transduction of cellular signals that quantitatively enhance the expression of TF per se and thereby enhance the inflammatory component of Mo mediated response.
Alveolar macrophage replication. One mechanism for the expansion of the mononuclear phagocyte population in the chronically inflamed lung.
Authors: P B Bitterman, L E Saltzman, S Adelberg, V J Ferrans, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Within any chronically inflamed tissue, there is an increased number of macrophages, pluripotential phagocytic cells that, while critical to host defenses, are also able to profoundly damage parenchymal structure and function. Because of their central role in the inflammatory response, considerable attention has been focused on the mechanisms resulting in an expansion of the macrophage population within an inflamed tissue. Although recruitment of precursor monocytes from the circulation into inflamed tissues clearly plays an important role in macrophage accumulation, it is also possible that replication of tissue macrophages contributes to the expansion of macrophage numbers in inflammation. Because of the accessibility of tissue macrophages with the technique of bronchoalveolar lavage, the lung provides an ideal opportunity to test this hypothesis in humans. To accomplish this, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to obtain alveolar macrophages from normals (n = 5) and individuals with chronic lung inflammation (normal smokers [n = 5], idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [n = 13], sarcoidosis [n = 18], and other chronic interstitial lung disorders [n = 11]). Alveolar macrophage replication was quantified by three independent methods: (a) DNA synthesis, assessed by autoradiographic analysis of macrophages cultured for 16 h in the presence of [3H]thymidine; (b) DNA content, assessed by flow cytometric analysis of macrophages fixed immediately after recovery from the lower respiratory tract; and (c) cell division, assessed by cluster formation in semisolid medium. While the proportion of replicating macrophages in normals was very low, there was a 2- to 15-fold increase in this proportion in patients with chronic lung inflammation. In addition, morphologic evaluation demonstrated that individuals with chronic lung inflammation had alveolar macrophages undergoing mitosis. These results suggest that local tissue macrophage replication may play a role in the expansion of the macrophage population in chronic inflammation.
High plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, and insertion/deletion genotype are associated with restenosis after coronary stenting
Authors: Flavio Ribichini, Giuseppe Steffenino, Antonio Dellavalle, Terenzio Camilla, Alberto Piazza, Gabriella Benetton, Pino Matullo, Eugenio Uslenghi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Obesity and steatosis influence serum and hepatic inflammatory markers in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Julie R. Jonsson, Helen D. Barrie, Peter O'Rourke, Andrew D. Clouston, Elizabeth E. Powell
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Obesity and fatty liver are commonly observed among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are risk factors for increased hepatic fibrosis. Obesity is accompanied by a low-grade, chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities. To assess whether obesity and steatosis potentiate expression of inflammatory markers in chronic HCV, serum protein and hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in 171 patients with chronic HCV. The relationships of body mass index, steatosis, histological features of inflammation and fibrosis with serum and hepatic levels of these factors were determined. In comparison with lean patients, overweight and obese subjects had increased circulating (P < 0.001) and hepatic (P = 0.003) CRP, and there was a significant correlation between serum protein and hepatic CRP mRNA levels (r(s)= 0.51, P < 0.001). Obesity (P = 0.001) and steatosis (P < 0.001) were associated with increased circulating but not hepatic IL-6, and a weak correlation was seen between serum protein and hepatic IL-6 mRNA levels (r(s)= 0.29, P = 0.003). An independent relationship was seen between hepatic TNF-alpha mRNA levels and higher total inflammatory score (P < 0.001) and stage of fibrosis (P = 0.037). Subjects with HCV genotype 3 had lower hepatic TNF-alpha mRNA levels compared with subjects with genotype 1 (P = 0.017), but there was no relationship between serum TNF-alpha protein and hepatic TNF-alpha mRNA levels.In patients with chronic HCV, obesity and steatosis are associated with increased expression of selected inflammatory markers; however, circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha do not reflect hepatic expression. Hepatic TNF-alpha was associated with both increased inflammatory activity and hepatic fibrosis, providing support for the key role of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in liver injury in chronic HCV.