tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Normotensive Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Asako Sato, Lise Tarnow, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Diabetic nephropathy increases the risk of premature cardiovascular disease and sudden death, particularly in type 1 diabetic patients. One possible mechanism for this risk may be left ventricular hypertrophy. In our study, we aimed to evaluate left ventricular structure and function in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.M-mode and Doppler echocardiography was performed in 17 type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy (albuminuria [median (range)], 345 (135-2,846) mg/24 h) and compared with 34 normotensive, normoalbuminuric (10 [3-30] mg/24 h) type 1 diabetic patients matched for arterial blood pressure (mean +/- SD) ([134/77] +/- [13/7] vs. [129/78] +/- [12/7] mmHg), age (40 +/- 11 vs. 42 +/- 10 years), duration of diabetes (28 +/- 7 vs. 28 +/- 6 years), and BMI (24.2 +/- 4.2 vs. 24.6 +/- 2.4 kg/m2).Left ventricular mass (LVM) index was significantly higher in patients with nephropathy compared with patients with normoalbuminuria (100.8 +/- 10.3 vs. 88.2 +/- 21.0 g/m2, respectively; P = 0.02). Greater ventricular septum width was demonstrated in the nephropathic group compared with the control group (9.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 8.2 +/- 1.3 mm, respectively; P = 0.002). No significant difference in posterior wall thickness was apparent. The nephropathic group tended to have reduced diastolic function (E/A ratio, 1.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.4; P = 0.09). Fractional shortening was normal and about the same in the two groups. The groups did not differ with respect to serum creatinine or hemoglobin, while metabolic control (assessed by HbA1c) and plasma renin and prorenin levels were elevated in the nephropathic group compared with the normoalbuminuric group.A blood pressure-independent increase in LVM may contribute to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Glycemic abnormalities and activation of the renin-angiotensin system may lead to the ventricular enlargement.
Membership of the Transkei Medical Association of the World Medical Association
Authors: A B L Pupuma
Journal: BMJ (1982)

comitantly decrease end-diastolic volume and pressure, would, by Laplace's law, decrease oxygen consumption by decreasing the wall tension-related energy expenditure during pressure generation.There will also be the added beneficial effect in that coronary blood flow, which is maximal during diastole, would increase with the fall in end-diastolic pressure.An increase in arterial pressure may also reflexly decrease heart rate, another important determinant of myocardial oxygen consump- tion.
Reviews and Notes: How To Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Michael S. Wilkes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 November 1993Reviews and Notes: How To Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care ProfessionalsMichael S. Wilkes, MDMichael S. Wilkes, MDUniversity of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail How to Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care ProfessionalsRobert Buckman. 223 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992. $15.95.In a recent exercise at our medical school, expert physicians from different specialties demonstrated for medical students the process of giving a patient bad news. Each clinician gave the same patient (a trained actress) the news that she had breast cancer. Students commented afterward that none of the physicians really listened to the patient, none gave her the chance to share her concerns, and none directly responded to her questions. These same observations are heard whenever patients talk about their ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1056KeywordsBreast cancerEmotionsExerciseForecastingHealth care Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INCIPIENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on November 5th, 1912
Authors: D. B. Lees
Journal: BMJ (1912)

memory of whom this lectureship was established by his widow, was a Member of this College engaged in general practice.It seems appropriate', therefore, that the Brad- shaw lecturer should select a subject in wlli9h general practitioners are specially interested, and should endeavour to elucidate questions of diagnosis and of treatment in such a manner as shall be helpful to them in their daily work.No subject is more im'portant to the general practitioner than the' diagnosis and treatment of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis; no moibid condition mlore fre- quently claims his attention; in n'one is a correct diagnosis and a suitable'treatment more necessaiy for the'welfare of the patient and for the reputation of the pradtitioner....At this time, when a national effort is being organized, and when large contributions from the national resources are to be furnished in support of this'effort, it is highly desirable that the most effective measures and, as far as possible, the least costly should be adopted, so that the
Allergy to iprindole (Prondole) with hepatotoxicity.
Authors: M. D. Cashman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEBRITCSH animals and man.When a dose of phenace- tin was increased from 500 mg. to 2 5 g. in human volunteers the formation and excre- tion of p-phenetidin and 2-hydroxyphenetidin sulphate were both enhanced.Neither of these is a metabolite of paracetamol.They concluded that, as a working hypothesis for further investigation to elucidate the pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy, phenetidin deserved special consideration.Prescott5 has commented that the metabolism, and possibly the toxicity of phenacetin, may be modified by the previous or concurrent administration of other drugs.There are therefore "logical reasons" for suggesting that the effect of paracetamol on the kidneys may well be different from that of phenacetin, particu- larly when phenacetin is consumed in large amounts.-Weare, etc.,
Screening Surgeons for HIV Infection: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a policy to screen surgeons for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to prevent transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: A one-time national screening program would identify approximately 137 surgeons with HIV infection (range, 28 to 423 surgeons) and would prevent approximately 4.3 infections (range, 1.9 to 21.3 infections) in patients treated by infected surgeons and 0.9 infections (range, 0 to 12.9 infections) in sexual partners of infected surgeons at a direct cost of $8.1 million and an induced cost of approximately $44 million. It would result in expenditures of $458 000 per year of life saved (range, $147 000 to $687 000 per year of life saved), whereas an annual screening program would result in expenditures of approximately $1.1 million per year of life saved (range, $338 000 to $1 886 000 per year of life saved). If the prevalence of HIV infection in surgeons is estimated to be three times our base-case estimate (an increase from 0.1% to 0.3%), annual screening would result in expenditures of approximately $741 000 per year of life saved. If the probability of seroconversion after a patient is exposed to a contaminated instrument is increased to 5.0% from our base-case estimate of 0.29%, an annual screening program would still cost more than $228 000 per year of life saved. Conclusion: Screening surgeons for HIV to prevent transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures requires expenditures per year of life saved that are considerably in excess of those of most accepted health interventions. Surveillance studies of patients treated by surgeons infected with HIV should be continued to confirm that transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures is rare.
Expression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Sarcoid Granulomas
Authors: Ilaria Campo, Patrizia Morbini, Michele Zorzetto, Carmine Tinelli, Enrico Brunetta, Chiara Villa, Cristina Bombieri, Mariaclara Cuccia, Carlo Agostini, Valeria Bozzi, Angelica Facoetti, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Paola Mazzola, Roberta Scabini, Gianpietro Semenzato, Pier Franco Pignatti, Ernesto Pozzi, Maurizio Luisetti
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) engages a number of ligands implicated in inflammatory processes. The RAGE coding gene maps to the 6p21.32 region, close to the genes DRB1 and BTNL2, which are associated with sarcoidosis.We investigated a possible implication of RAGE in sarcoid granulomas.RAGE and major ligands (N-epsilon-carboxy-methyl-lysine [CML], S100A12, and S100B) expression was investigated by immunostaining of 99 paraffin-embedded biopsies of sarcoid tissues, and expression patterns were determined. Among the three RAGE gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms investigated, -374 T/A was selected, characterized in terms of transcriptional effect (immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction), and its frequency was determined in DNA extracted from biopsies.RAGE, CML, S100A12, and S100B immunoreactivity was observed in all sarcoid granulomas, although at different intensities. The degree of RAGE expression significantly correlated with the degree of S100A12 expression. The -374 TT/AT genotypes, associated with higher RAGE transcriptional activity, were more frequent in the sarcoidosis biopsy group than in control subjects, and the association was confirmed in a second, independent series of 101 patients with sarcoidosis.We showed the association of RAGE and its ligands with sarcoidosis and suggest that an intrinsic genetic factor could be in part involved in its expression. In Italian patients, the -374 T/A polymorphism seems to be significantly associated with this disease.
Pathology of the Nervous System
Authors: H. M. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Publication of the third volume of Minckler's<i>Pathology of the Nervous System</i>has brought to a conclusion this comprehensive work begun some ten years ago. The editor and his editorial board deserve high praise for this solid achievement. There is no comparable production in the English language. On the whole, this was an ambitious undertaking both for the editor and publisher. It involved the cooperation of many contributors from this country and abroad, a total of 44 for the third volume alone, which included 48 separate chapters. The list of contributors could almost serve as a directory of the best talent in neuropathology here and in foreign countries. It is this very diversity of authors, however, that has contributed to the disparity in quality and completeness of the individual chapters. Some are models of exposition and a few are little more than extended definitions of terms; the majority are quite
Targeting CD73 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 mAbs
Authors: Bertrand Allard, Sandra Pommey, Mark J. Smyth, John Stagg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that block programmed death (PD)-1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) receptors have been associated with durable clinical responses against a variety of cancer types and hold great potential as novel cancer therapeutics. Recent evidence suggest that targeted blockade of multiple immunosuppressive pathways can induce synergistic antitumor responses. Experimental Design: In this study, we investigated whether targeted blockade of CD73, an ectonucleotidase that catabolizes the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, can enhance the antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAbs against transplanted and chemically induced mouse tumors. Results: Anti-CD73 mAb significantly enhanced the activity of both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAbs against MC38-OVA (colon) and RM-1 (prostate) subcutaneous tumors, and established metastatic 4T1.2 breast cancer. Anti-CD73 mAb also significantly enhanced the activity of anti-PD-1 mAb against 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcomas. Gene-targeted mice revealed that single-agent therapies and combinatorial treatments were dependent on host IFN-γ and CD8+ T cells, but independent of perforin. Interestingly, anti-CD73 mAb preferentially synergized with anti-PD-1 mAb. We investigated the effect of extracellular adenosine on tumor-infiltrating T cells and showed that activation of A2A adenosine receptor enhances PD-1 expression, but not CTLA-4 expression, on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our study revealed that targeted blockade of CD73 can enhance the therapeutic activity of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 mAbs and may thus potentiate therapeutic strategies targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors in general. Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5626–35. ©2013 AACR.
An Increase in Continuing Medical Education Activities by Professional Medical Organizations
Authors: Clarke W. Mangun
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Elsewhere in this issue (pp 955-958) is a summary of a recent survey of the continuing education activities of state medical associations and medical specialty societies. Although the findings are not entirely comparable with those of a similar survey conducted in 1971 (p 955), a comparison of the two surveys indicates that a substantial increase in continuing medical education programs has occurred among medical specialty societies and state medical associations. There are several indications of growth activity. A substantial increase in self-assessment programs.— The 1970 survey reported five specialty societies with self-assessment programs in operation; the 1972 survey identifies 13 self-assessment programs sponsored by specialty societies. Of these, 11 societies reported a total of 89,099 physician participants. While the total does include a few physicians who took self-assessment examinations more than one time, the number is equal to about one third of all practicing physicians in the United States.
A signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 haplotype influences the regulation of serum IgE levels
Authors: Michaela Schedel, David Carr, Norman Klopp, Bernd Woitsch, Thomas Illig, Daniel Stachel, Irene Schmid, Christian Fritzsch, Stephan K. Weiland, Erika von Mutius, Michael Kabesch
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
One year lamivudine (LAM) treatment of “e minus” chronic hepatitis B (CHB): Biochemical, virological and histological results
Authors: R. Fiorino, C. Cursaro, M. Margotti, A. Gramenzi, L. Di Giammarino, F. Felline, E. Ferri, M. Hussain, A.S.F. Lock, P. Andreone, M. Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus
Authors: E. Bardou-Jacquet, R. Lorho, D. Guyader
Journal: Gut (2010)

We read with great interest the publication in Gut by Himmelsbach et al 1 in which they assessed whether the modulation of c-Raf by sorafenib affects hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication using the in vitro replicon system. The authors showed that sorafenib blocks HCV replication in vitro, by decreasing c-Raf phosphorylation and by affecting the post-translational processing of NS5A, which is required for the replication of the virus. We would like to report here a clinical observation that could suggest the clinical potential interest of kinase pathway inhibitors as a therapeutic option in chronic hepatitis C.

Erlotinib is a highly selective kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the signalling pathway of which includes the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular-related-signal kinase (ERK) pathway. Erlotinib has been approved in non-small cell lung …
Clinical trial of mebendazole, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic.
Authors: J G Hutchison, N M Johnston, M V Plevey, I Thangkhiew, C Aidney
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Eighty-five children aged 5-14 years who were infested with worms were treated with mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for three days. The percentage cure rates were ascaris 100%, trichuris 94%, hookworm 82%, and hymenolepis 39%. The drug was well tolerated and with its broad activity should be very useful in treating those with multiple infestations.
Medicine and Surgery in 1881
Authors: Morrill Wyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Within the past few years great advances have been made in the arts and sciences. The study of electricity has given us the telegraph and the telephone with all their varied applications to the determination of questions in Astronomy as well as the wants of daily life. Advances in Physics have shown the management of heat in the almost unlimited power of steam, in light the art of Photography — the spectroscope and its application to the determination of the condition and structure of the heavenly bodies, and the microscope for the investigation of all bodies.Medicine has not been . . .
PMO-197 Endoscopic findings in collagenous colitis; not always microscopic
Authors: A Smirnidis, K C Trimble, A Lessells, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> CC is classically associated with normal or unremarkable colonoscopy. In the last few years, reports have been published revealing findings that are thought to be characteristic or even pathognomonic of CC, such as alteration of the vascular mucosal pattern, mucosal nodularity and a sequence of mucosal changes from defects/lacerations to cicatricial lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and type of endoscopic findings in patients diagnosed with CC in our centre. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Setting:</i> Tertiary hospital, outpatients. <i>Design:</i> Retrospective study. The database of Pathology Department was searched for patients who have been diagnosed with CC between May 2008 and August 2011. Endoscopy reports and endoscopic images were retrieved and reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> 155 patients were diagnosed with CC in the study period. The indications for colonoscopy were altered bowel habit (acute or chronic diarrhoea) in 126/133; 33 patients reported associated weight loss. The reports from 123 patients (96F/27M; median age 68.7 yrs, range 37–91 yrs) were eventually retrieved and further reviewed. The colonoscopies had been carried out by consultant (medical/surgeons): 47%, nurse endoscopist: 20%, associate specialist: 13% and fellow or registrar: 10%. Of the above cohort, 67 (54.4%) patients had no endoscopic findings and 44 (35.7%) had irrelevant to CC findings such as diverticulosis, polyps or telangiectasias. Twelve (<i>n</i>=12; 9.75%) had findings previously described as consistent with CC. In particular: 7 (5.7%) had mucosal erythema or oedema (patchy, mild granularity or congestion), 4 (3.25%) had lacerations (cat-scratch mucosa or bigger mucosal breaks) and 1 of them had a few mucosal scars. The sigmoid and the descending colon were the main colonic parts affected (in 7/12 cases) and the rest were found in the caecum-ascending colon area (4/12) while there was only one patient in which the entire large bowel was affected. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A significant minority of patients with CC (almost 10%) presented endoscopic findings indicative of CC. Furthermore, 4% had findings that are considered pathognomonic for CC. Although still the subject of isolated cases reports, the endoscopic appearances of CC are becoming more familiar among the endoscopic community. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. Distinct colonoscopy findings of microscopic colitis: Not so microscopic after all? <i>World J Gastroenterol</i> 2011;<b>17</b>:4157–65.
Reduced MicroRNA-150 Is Associated with Poor Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Christopher J. Rhodes, John Wharton, Reinier A. Boon, Tino Roexe, Hilda Tsang, Beata Wojciak-Stothard, Anob Chakrabarti, Luke S. Howard, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Allan Lawrie, Robin Condliffe, Charles A. Elliot, David G. Kiely, Les Huson, Hossein A. Ghofrani, Henning Tiede, Ralph Schermuly, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler, Martin R. Wilkins
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).We sought to measure changes in plasma levels of miRNAs in patients with PAH and relate them to the severity of the disease.A microarray screen was performed on total plasma RNA from eight patients with PAH and eight healthy control subjects. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed reduced miR-150 concentrations and was then used to measure miR-150 levels in (1) two separate cohorts of patients with PAH, from London (n = 145) and Sheffield (n = 30), respectively; (2) circulating microvesicles and blood cells; and (3) lungs from a monocrotaline rat model.Fifty-eight miRNAs showed differences in plasma concentration and miR-150 the largest down-regulation in PAH. Receiver-operator-characteristic analysis showed both raw and normalized plasma miR-150 levels correlated with 2-year survival (P < 0.01) in patients with PAH. Cox regression analysis confirmed miR-150 levels as a significant predictor of survival. Age, baseline cardiac index, World Health Organization functional class, 6-minute walk distance, disease duration, and red cell distribution width also predicted survival. Entering these covariates in a multivariable model verified plasma miR-150 levels as an independent predictor of survival in PAH (hazard ratio, 0.533; P = 0.010). miR-150 levels also predicted survival in a second, independent PAH cohort. miR-150 levels were significantly reduced in circulating microvesicles from patients with PAH and the lungs of the monocrotaline rat.Reduced circulating miR-150 levels are associated with poor survival in PAH.
Poor Overall Survival in Septa- and Octogenarian Patients after Radical Prostatectomy and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 6183 Men
Authors: Claudio Jeldres, Nazareno Suardi, Jochen Walz, Fred Saad, Georg C. Hutterer, Naeem Bhojani, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Paul Perrotte, Markus Graefen, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2007)
THE MENACE OF THE MEAT DIET
Authors: Mark Falcon-Lesses
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —In a recent editorial (Is a Meat Diet a Menace?The Journal, September 20, p. 866) you conclude by inference that a meat diet will not injure the kidneys and cite the observations at the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology on two arctic explorers as experimental support for your views. So far as I can see, the only conclusion properly deducible from these observations is that an average intake of meat protein of from 100 to 140 Gm. daily for one year causes no detectable kidney damage. What might happen after two or more years on such a diet remains unknown.  The experiment of Newburgh, Falcon-Lesses and Johnston ( Am. J. M. Sc . 179 :305 [March] 1930), in which evidence of kidney damage in man was obtained on a diet containing 330 Gm. of meat protein per diem in less than six months, indicates that renal injury may