tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing Capacity and Cost Effectiveness of Antacids
Authors: DAVID DRAKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The prescribing physician is faced with a wide choice of antacid preparations. To provide a guide, we tested the commonly available antacids, both liquid and tablet, for their acid-neutralizing capacity. We calculated the cost effectiveness of antacids and tabulated the cost of 1 month of therapy. The acid-neutralizing capacity and cost effectiveness of liquid antacids are generally better than tablet antacids. The most effective liquid antacids, which are composed of either aluminum and magnesium hydroxide mixtures or calcium carbonate, vary in buffering capacity from 3 to 4.2 meq/mL of antacid and range in monthly cost of therapy from $35 to $74. In contrast, the five least effective liquid antacids vary in acid-neutralizing capacity from 0.3 to 2.3 meq/mL of antacid and in monthly cost of therapy from $78 to $498. Because the monthly cost of therapy is influenced primarily by the acid-neutralizing capacity of the antacid, a high-potency antacid should be prescribed. The taste and sodium content of the antacids should also be taken into account by the prescribing physician.
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Evidence for increased collagenase as a genetic characteristic in cell culture.
Authors: E A Bauer, A Z Eisen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Fibroblast cultures from patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) demonstrated an increased capacity to synthesize and secrete collagenase. This phenotypic trait appeared to distinguish RDEB from other genetically distinct forms of epidermolysis bullosa. The finding of increased collagenase may be a specific manifestation of these cells in that prototypic lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzymes were present in approximately normal concentrations. In addition, this trait persisted through many cell passages, suggesting that the property was genetically determined. The elevated concentrations of immunoreactive collagenase in fibroblast cultures of patients with RDEB reflected those previously observed in vivo (4) and support the concept of a pathogenetic role for the enzyme in the blistering phenomenon. In three of the cell lines, the increase in enzyme protein occurred in association with a structurally defective enzyme. The data suggest that this may be a characteristic of all RDEB cells.
Skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise under ischemic conditions in congestive heart failure. Evidence for abnormalities unrelated to blood flow.
Authors: B M Massie, M Conway, B Rajagopalan, R Yonge, S Frostick, J Ledingham, P Sleight, G Radda
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Previous studies with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance have demonstrated that patients with chronic congestive heart failure often exhibit increased glycolytic metabolism and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in exercising skeletal muscle, but the mechanism for these changes remains unresolved. This study was conducted to determine whether these abnormalities result from impaired blood flow or oxygen delivery. Nine patients with mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure and nine age- and size-matched, healthy control volunteers were studied during repetitive submaximal finger flexion exercise under aerobic and ischemic conditions. Skeletal muscle metabolism was assessed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. During steady-state aerobic exercise at 33% of each subject's predetermined maximum workload, the patients with congestive heart failure exhibited significantly lower pH values (6.65 +/- 0.22 vs. 6.97 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.002) and phosphocreatine concentrations, expressed as [phosphocreatine]/([phosphocreatine] + [inorganic phosphate]) (0.59 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.002). Similar differences were also present throughout ischemic exercise at the same workload. Based upon these measurements, calculated lactate production and adenosine 5'-triphosphate consumption rates were significantly higher in the patients with congestive heart failure. These results indicate that in many patients with congestive heart failure exercising muscle exhibits increased glycolytic metabolism and appears to be metabolically less efficient in relation to external work performed. These changes cannot be explained by impaired blood flow or oxygen delivery alone.
The view from abroad
Authors: Ross McL Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Australian analyst Ross Wilson thinks that Labour's plan to reward high performing hospitals could be as important as the Tories' plan to channel money into the private sector 

When British voters go to the polls in May they will be able to choose between the parties on the basis of health policy posted on their websites. My discussion is based on the documents available on those sites and does not make any assessment of the likelihood of implementation of these policies.

All the three main parties presume that the current clinical performance in the NHS can be improved, although Labour asserts that current performance has already improved substantially during its tenure. Its claims …
Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management
Authors: M E J Lean, T S Han, C E Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To test the hypothesis that a single measurement, waist circumference, might be used to identify people at health risk both from being overweight and from having a central fat distribution. <b>Design</b>: A community derived random sample of men and women and a second, validation sample. <b>Setting</b>: North Glasgow. <b>Subjects</b>: 904 men and 1014 women (first sample); 86 men and 202 women (validation sample). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Waist circumference, body mass index, waist:hip ratio. <b>Results</b>: Waist circumference &gt;/=94 cm for men and &gt;/=80 cm for women identified subjects with high body mass index (&gt;/=25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and those with lower body mass index but high waist:hip ratio (&gt;/=0.95 for men, &gt;/=0.80 women) with a sensitivity of &gt;96% and specificity &gt;97.5%. Waist circumference &gt;/=102 cm for men or &gt;/=88 cm for women identified subjects with body mass index &gt;/=30 and those with lower body mass index but high waist:hip ratio with a sensitivity of &gt;96% and specificity &gt;98%, with only about 2% of the sample being misclassified. <b>Conclusions</b>: Waist circumference could be used in health promotion programmes to identify individuals who should seek and be offered weight management. Men with waist circumference &gt;/=94 cm and women with waist circumference &gt;/=80 cm should gain no further weight; men with waist circumference &gt;/=102 cm and women with waist circumference &gt;/=88 cm should reduce their weight.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Congenital Rubella
Authors: Jacob Nusbacher, Kurt Hirschhorn, Louis Z. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

WHEN the rubella virus infects a human fetus early in its development congenital malformations may ensue. The mechanism of this teratogenic effect is not known. It has been demonstrated1 that when the rubella virus is added to tissue cultures of human embryonic origin chromosomal breaks frequently occur. The teratogenic effect of this virus may thus be explained by its action upon genetic material at a critical stage in embryonic development. Previous cytogenetic studies of children with congenital rubella seemed to contradict this hypothesis. Mellman et al.2 analyzed the chromosomes in cultured leukocytes of 6 newborn infants with congenital rubella and . . .
Postinfectious Focal Necrotizing Myopathy
Authors: Manuel Dafotakis, Roland Sparing, Simon B. Eickhoff, Christian Boy, Stefan Nikolin, Gereon R. Fink
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our department with general fatigue, fever, and asymmetric pain in her lower legs, 2 weeks after a common cold. Dynamic skeletal scintigraphy with 780 MBq (20 mCi) Tc-99m HDP revealed increased perfusion and tracer uptake in the soft tissue of the lower legs, suggesting an inflammatory etiology. A muscle biopsy revealed a vasculitic necrotizing myopathy predominantly affecting the small vessels of the lower legs. We diagnosed it as a postinfectious immunologic reaction.
Magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary veins: A new gold standard prior and after ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Juergen Vogt, Johannes Heintze, Leon Krater, Hermann Esdorn, Andreas Peterschroeder, Frank Warzok, Barbara Lamp, Hans Meyer, Dieter Horstkotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Hitoshi Nakagama, Toshiaki Gunji, Shin Ohnishi, Takashi Kaneko, Takashi Ishikawa, Reiko Makino, Kenshi Hayashi, Junji Shiga, Fumimaro Takaku, Michio Imawari
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The expression of androgen receptor messenger RNA in hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoma cell lines was studied using Northern-blot analysis and the complementary DNA—polymerase chain reaction method. Androgen receptor messenger RNAs were detected (although in low levels) in both hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and noncancerous tissues of the liver in all eight cases we studied, except for the tumor sample of one case. None of the hepatoma cell lines studied, however, expressed detectable levels of androgen receptor messenger RNA except for the SKHEP-1 hepatoma cell line. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:99-102.)
New genetic links in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Jonathan M Spergel
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is increasingly diagnosed as a disorder throughout the world. It is characterized by eosinophils in the esophagus due to food allergies. Molecular analysis of esophageal biopsies and mouse models have indicated a clear role for the T helper 2 pathway, in particular interleukins 5 and 13, in this disease. Current treatment options for EoE involve avoidance of the allergens or using anti-inflammatory medications such as topical corticosteroids. In the past year, genomic research has led to the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and subsequently in the gene encoding its receptor, as disease susceptibility markers for EoE. Identification of this molecule and its receptor suggest the potential for new treatment options in the future.
Regulation of transferrin receptor expression on human leukemic cells during proliferation and induction of differentiation. Effects of gallium and dimethylsulfoxide.
Authors: C R Chitambar, E J Massey, P A Seligman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The association of transferrin receptor expression with cellular proliferation has been studied extensively, but a number of events have not been defined. We therefore assayed receptor on promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells at early times after exposure to a stimulus for proliferation (subculture), as well as agents that either induce differentiation (dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO] ) or inhibit iron uptake (transferrin-gallium). Within 4 h after subculture, we found that a significant increase in total cellular immunoreactive receptor occurred that preceded by 8 h the increase in cell-surface transferrin binding. Automated fluorocytometric analysis of cells in an immunofluorescent assay indicated that increased surface receptor density appeared on cells in the S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle. DMSO-treated cells proliferated at the same rate as untreated (control) cells for the first 72 h, but as early as 12 h after treatment transferrin receptor was significantly decreased (65% of control cells). Further decreases occurred at later time points until transferrin receptor was undetectable after 7 d, when proliferation had ceased, cells were arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle, and myeloid differentiation occurred. After exposure to transferrin-gallium, proliferation ceased, but cells exhibited increased surface receptor and were arrested at S phase of the cell cycle without associated myeloid differentiation. We conclude that events preceding cell division provide the regulatory stimulus for the synthesis and subsequent appearance of the transferrin receptor on the cell surface. Additionally, decreased receptor expression may be important in causing cessation of proliferation and/or differentiation. Finally, the way in which gallium salts are currently being investigated as chemotherapeutic agents should be reevaluated in light of our findings concerning transferrin-gallium effects on cellular proliferation.
We need to investigate whether racial discrimination explains differences in MRCGP exam results
Authors: R. S. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (2013)

When differences in health status, healthcare, or health professionals’ performance are found for minority populations, the most uncomfortable, and arguably most important, interpretation is that the cause is racial discrimination.1 Considerations of racial discrimination in medicine, whether for staff or patients, are hardly new,2 but it is good to have a fresh opportunity to examine the …
A randomized phase 3 study of lenalidomide versus placebo in RBC transfusion-dependent patients with Low-/Intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del5q
Authors: Pierre Fenaux, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Dominik Selleslag, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Ghulam Mufti, Moshe Mittelman, Petra Muus, Peter te Boekhorst, Guillermo Sanz, Consuelo del Cañizo, Agnes Guerci-Bresler, Lars Nilsson, Uwe Platzbecker, Michael Lübbert, Bruno Quesnel, Mario Cazzola, Arnold Ganser, David Bowen, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Carlo Aul, Robert Knight, John Francis, Tommy Fu, Eva Hellström-Lindberg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Superannuation and the Elderly G.P
Authors: W. D. Hoskins
Journal: BMJ (1973)

cular aspect-for example, marital therapy, family therapy, and role playing-are de- tailed and lengthy if they are any good.I was a little disappointed too that there was no mention of the work of psychiatric nurses with psychotic cases, because psychiatric nurses can work with some of these people with skills rather specific to psychiatric nurses.-Iam, etc.,
Asthma related ED/hospitalization risk and asthma costs of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in a single inhaler compared to fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in separate inhalers*1
Authors: D.A. Stempel, R.H. Stanford, J. Kim, H.O. Chernicoff, A. Legoretta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Rupture of a non-aneurysmatic aortic trunk in a patient with giant cell arteritis
Authors: E. EKLUND, E. ENGLUND, S. VALDEMARSSON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Giant cell arteritis is a chronic, granulomatous inflammation of the temporal arteries that affects persons over the age of 50.1 Temporal arteritis is sometimes the first evident sign of a more disseminated disease and involvement of all the larger arteries including the aorta has been observed.2 Many studies describe appearance of murmurs and the formation of aortic aneurysms in patients suffering from temporal arteritis.3Weak extremity pulses, arm claudication and colour changes of Raynaud’s phenomenon type may occur, symptoms resulting from the narrowing or occlusion of branches of the thoracic aorta.2Death from rupture of aneurysms in giant cell arteritis is well documented.3 4 It has also been suggested that the extra-articular disease polymyalgia rheumatica5 is an expression of the generalised form of giant cell arteritis and the …
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: J Ardura Fernández, J Aldana Gómez, J Andrés de Llano, M P Aragón García
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

We report 65 cases (1970-1989). They were processing in a data base program for cardiology records. A number of selected variables, were analysed by un statistical package. The results of 230 statistical tests between means, percentage and correlations, point out statistical value on prognosis forecast. Highest heart rates an ectopic rhythms were more frequent in infants and they were associated with heart failure and the needed of treatment. Respiratory distress is associated with severity. Palpitations, precordial pain and syncops are associated with good prognosis of the disease. The heart rate by taking the pulse help us to make the diagnosis; but it is not allowed to give any treatment until we do an ECG. The use of antiarrhythmic drugs is associated with the need of complex technique studies.
Neural mechanism for the magical number 4: Competitive interactions and nonlinear oscillation
Authors: Marius Usher, Jonathan D. Cohen, Henk Haarmann, David Horn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The aim of our commentary is to strengthen Cowan's proposal for an inherent capacity limitation in STM by suggesting a neurobiological mechanism based on competitive networks and nonlinear oscillations that avoids some of the shortcomings of the scheme discussed in the target article (Lisman &amp; Idiart 1995).
PTU-223 Cardon dioxide insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may reduce abdominal pain but it does not alter the sedation and analgesia requirements
Authors: M Bhalme, F Kidd, J Ramesh, D Martin
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Compared to air, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography (ERCP) may reduce bowel distension and resulting pain. However, its effect on sedation is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of CO2 insufflation on the amount of sedation, analgesia and antispasmodic needed during ERCP. Secondarily, the perceived patient discomfort and complications were also examined. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a database, we retrospectively identified 60 patients (pts) each, before and after introduction of CO2 insufflation for ERCP. All procedures were performed using titrating doses of intravenous fentanyl and midazolam combination aiming for a Bispectral Index (BIS) value of 85, which indicates an adequate level of deep sedation. Post ERCP abdominal pain and conscious level was assessed by experienced recovery nurses using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0 to 10 and AVPU (Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive) scale respectively. The statistical analysis for drug doses was carried out using Mann–Whitney U test. <h3>Results</h3> Patient demographics such as age, sex, co-morbidities, indications and ASA grades were similar in both groups. The same median dose of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (20 mg, p=0.89) and fentanyl (75 μg, p=0.70) was used in both groups while the median dose of midazolam was 4.5 vs 4 mg (p=0.25) for the air and CO2 group respectively. The duration of procedure was 33 vs 29 min (p=0.63) for the air and CO2 group respectively. During the first hour post procedure, the AVPU score for air group was A-45, V-12, P-2, U-1 and for CO2 group it was A-47, V-13, P-0, U-0 respectively. The incidence of abdominal pain during the first hour post procedure for air and CO2 groups was 10% and 0% (p=0.027) respectively, while the mean score for pain on VAS in the air group was 2 (range 1–6; p=0.012, Mann–Whitney U test). Complications included pancreatitis (0% vs 1.3%) and post-sphincterotomy haemorrhage (2.6% vs 0%; p=0.5, Fisher9s Exact test) in the air and CO2 groups respectively. All complications settled with conservative management. No serious cardio-pulmonary complication was noted in either group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Carbon dioxide insufflation during ERCP reduces the incidence and severity of post procedure abdominal pain based on VAS but it does not influence the amount of sedation or analgesia required to achieve sufficient palliation of pain during the procedure. The use of CO2 in unselected well sedated, prone patients appears to be safe. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Problem for the Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Stephen Workman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Mrs. Hugh RossSeptember 1, 1918…No letters from my wee soldier laddie for thelast two weeks. Come on you rascal…Mrs. Hugh RossOctober 23, 1918My Friend Conners is the way my Dear SonDonald Ross spoke of you in the last letter he everwill write to me, dated ‘‘somewhere in France Aug30th.’’ He was killed Sept 2nd, the day you werewounded. Donald mentioned your name in his lastletter, but if I read it now I shall not be able tofinish this letter to you. I will now cry out amother’s sore heart to you for some little news ofmy son’s death and something about his last daysor hours on earth. I have nothing except the cableand a letter from a Chaplain who put anotherman’s name and number in the letter he wroteabout my boy’s death so it means nothing to me.Perhaps you can have his little personal effectssent to me. How precious they would be to me,anything touched by his dear hands. Ah Connorsmay you never have that longing to see anyone thatI have to see my son for I am so lonely for him andhave been waiting for so long and now ah now Imust wait all in vain and I loved him so.Please do all you can in this for me and I shallgive you a Mother’s blessing.Mabel RossFor two and a half years Mabel Rossknew nothing of her ‘‘dear son’’ beyondweekly letters home. Finally he wrote‘‘…we were asked to turn in our riflestoday, as we shall not require them again.’’Three weeks later, seven weeks before thewar’s end, the cable announcing his deatharrived. Donald’s sister, my Grandmother,told of the impact of this news. ‘‘For yearsafter, late at night, the house was filledwith the sound of my mother’s crying. Itwas as if she had no other children.’’Mabel Ross, still yearning to see herson, died of cancer in 1928 at the age of55. In the parlance of the times, she diedwith, or perhaps of [1], a broken heart.
The Scientific Temperance Federation—A New Movement.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Hartford, Conn., July 1, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —All physicians and writers have experienced great difficulty in securing exact data on subjects pertaining to alcohol and narcotics and the allied topics of insanity, crime and hygienic subjects associated with these. Many valuable papers, pamphlets, books and studies have had a very limited usefulness because they were scattered and not gathered and put on file in some central place. Not any of the large libraries do more than file away the various independent publications on these subjects and make no effort to secure a general literature covering all phases of the subject. The physician and the teacher, as well as the writer, have long ago recognized the need of some central agency for the collection and dissemination of the rapidly accumulating facts in this field. The late Mrs. M. H. Hunt of Boston had gathered more than 2,000 books and pamphlets
THE RELATION BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR WALLS SYSTOLIC DISPLACEMENT BY SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND INDICES OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION MEASURED BY 2-D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Eddy Barasch, Florentina Petillo, Jenna Kahn, Simcha Pollack, Peter Dong-Yul Rhee, Wendy Stovold, Nathaniel Reichek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Health ombudsman should be given more powers, MPs say
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The parliamentary and health service ombudsman should be given new powers to investigate problems in the UK government, parliament, and the NHS without having to wait for an individual complaint, the public administration select committee has said.

The ombudsman’s office should be able to act on its own initiative, the MPs said in their latest report—whether prompted by its own research, public concern, or a whistleblower.1

The committee …