tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Toxoplasma gondii-specific secretory immunoglobulin A reduces T. gondii infection of enterocytes in vitro.
Authors: D G Mack, R McLeod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Whey from 17 women (four acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii, eight chronically infected, and five uninfected) was studied. T. gondii-specific secretory IgA antibodies were demonstrated by ELISA in whey from acutely infected and one of eight chronically infected women. Such antibodies to tachyzoite proteins of < or = 14, 22, 26-28, 30, 46, 60, 70-80, and > 100 kD (eliminated by protease but not periodate or neuraminidase treatment) were demonstrated in whey from acutely infected subjects when Western blots were probed with their whey and antibodies to human secretory IgA or IgA or secretory piece. Secretory IgA from four of eight chronically infected women recognized the 46- and 69-kD epitopes. Other whey samples were negative. Incubation of T. gondii tachyzoites with whey or purified secretory IgA from acutely infected (but not seronegative) women caused 50-75% reduction in infection of enterocytes in vitro. Whey reactive with the 46-kD epitope from three of six chronically infected women caused less (> or = 40%) inhibition. Whey and purified secretory IgA from two of three acutely infected women agglutinated tachyzoites. Whey did not result in complement-dependent lysis of T. gondii. These results indicate that it may be possible to produce human secretory IgA to T. gondii capable of reducing initial infection of enterocytes, as such IgA is present during natural infection. They also demonstrate candidate epitopes for such protection.
Tick Bites and Lyme Disease in an Endemic Setting
Authors: Alan D. Fix, G. Thomas Strickland, John Grant
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—The use of serologic testing to diagnose Lyme disease (LD) is a source of controversy. Expert recommendations also discourage the routine use of antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis of LD following tick bites, but the extent to which physicians in endemic areas have adopted these recommendations is not known.Objective.—To assess the pattern of use of serologic testing and antibiotic therapy for tick bites and LD and associated charges for management in an endemic area.Design.—Active surveillance of patient-physician encounters for tick bites and LD.Setting.—Primary care practices on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.Patients.—Consecutive sample of 232 patients with tick bites, LD (defined by physician diagnosis in medical record), and suspected LD (physician notation of possible, but not definite LD) seen in 1995.Main Outcome Measures.—Serologic testing for LD, test results, antibiotic therapy, and direct costs of management.Results.—Surveillance identified 142 patients (61.2%) with diagnoses of tick bites, 40 patients (17.2%) with LD, and 50 patients (21.6%) with suspected LD. Of the 142 patients seen for tick bites, 95 (67%) underwent serologic testing for LD. Of these, 93 patients had initial negative or equivocal results; 24 (26%) of the 93 had convalescent testing, with 1 seroconversion. Seventy-eight patients (55%) with a diagnosis of tick bite received antibiotic therapy. No patients with tick bite developed clinical LD. Serologic testing for LD was performed for 36 patients (90%) with a diagnosis of LD and 46 patients (92%) with suspected LD. In most cases, antibiotics were prescribed before serologic test results became available. Convalescent testing was not performed for 37 (86%) of the 43 patients with suspected LD who had initial negative or equivocal results. Of these 37 patients, 25 (68%) did not receive antibiotic therapy. Direct charges for treatment of these 232 patients totaled $47595, one third of which was attributable to serologic testing. A total of 32% of direct charges were for patients with tick bites, 48% were for patients with LD, and 20% were for patients with suspected LD.Conclusions.—In this setting, most patients consulting physicians for tick bites received prophylactic antibiotic therapy of unproven efficacy and underwent unnecessary, costly serologic testing. Despite almost universal use in this study, serologic testing for LD did not appear to influence treatment of patients diagnosed as having LD.
Brain SPECT of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: NAOTO WATANABE, HIKARU SETO, MASASHI SHIMIZU, YASUYUKI TANII, YOUNG-DO KIM, RYOKO SHIBATA, MAKOTO KAWAGUCHI, SHIRO TSUJI, MAKOTO MORIJIRI, MASANARI KAGEYAMA, YI-WEI WU, MASAO KAKISHITA, MASAYOSHI KURACHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

SPECT imaging with I-123 IMP or Tc-99m HMPAO was performed in two patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to evaluate abnormalities in brain perfusion. In the first patient, there was decreased perfusion of the left frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. CT and MRI were negative. In the second patient, there was patchy perfusion and slightly decreased perfusion of the right hemisphere. MRI revealed slight brain atrophy and bilateral high intensity areas in the basal ganglia on T2 weighted images. Subsequent SPECT imaging revealed severely decreased perfusion of the entire brain. Subsequent MRI demonstrated severe brain atrophy.
The Whitechapel Tragedy: Notes of a Report to the Solicitor to the Treasury on the Post Mortem Examination of the Remains
Authors: T. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1875)

SIR,-According to your i-equest, I beg to report that I received this day from Inspector Fox the remains of a human body in a sealed coffin.I receivecl, also, fromii Dr. Larkini, the pelvic viscera of the same body in a close(d jar.lhe body was divided into ten pieces ; and, wlhen fitted together, proved to be the complete body of an adult female, in an advanced stage of decomposition.The length of the body was just iunader five feet.The woman had evidently been dead m-any months ; but certain-parts wvere well preserved wvhere they laad heen exposed, apparently, to the action of chloride of lime.Tlae divisioni of the body was undoubtedly of recent date, as proved by
ANTIBIOTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN INFECTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Authors: W. A. Altemeier
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The management of acute infections of the skeletal system has been greatly modified during the past decade by the use of antibacterial agents. These agents, which include those of nonbiologic origin, such as the sulfonamides, and those of biologic origin, such as the antibiotics, not only have radically changed our ideas concerning the most satisfactory methods of treatment in many instances but have also emphasized the extraordinary recuperative and regenerative powers of bone unimpeded by continuing infection. The intention of this discussion is to summarize the current knowledge of the use of various antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents in the management of certain infections of the skeletal system, including acute osteomyelitis, acute purulent arthritis, chronic osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, actinomycosis, and blastomycosis. Because of the increasing percentage in our environment of bacteria that are progressively developing resistance to the antibiotics, it is important to reappraise at frequent intervals the results obtained with
Prospective Evaluation of a Molecular Marker Panel for Prediction of Recurrence and Cancer-specific Survival After Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Yair Lotan, Aditya Bagrodia, Niccolo Passoni, Varun Rachakonda, Payal Kapur, Yull Arriaga, Christian Bolenz, Vitaly Margulis, Ganesh V. Raj, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2013)
TREATMENT OF CHOREA BY BATHS
Authors: W. S. C. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1932)

r THEL RITISA I F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ME 3 per cent., so that this would account altogether for 6 grams absorbed via the lymph out of a total fat absorp- tion of 226 grams.Furthermore, even this small amount of fat was not absorbed by the lymphocytes.The lym- phocytes of the thoracic duct are practically all (98 per cent.)small, with the faintest suggestion of a cytoplasmic rim.Presumably fat would be carried by the cytoplasm of the cell and not by the nucleus.No fat, however, could be demonstrated in the lymphocytes by histo- chemical methods.These preliminary results are so striking that they are being subjected to more detailed investigation.
The Uterine Blush on ln-111 Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphy
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, ALFRED J. SWYER, JOEL M. ROSEN, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The uterine blush describes the scintigraphic appearance of radionuclide accumulation within the uterus. This finding, described as occurring during the early (i.e., vascular) phase of studies performed with Tc-99m labeled compounds, is a normal physiologic phenomenon and should not be misinterpreted as indicative of a pathologic process. We recently noted the uterine blush on early (30 minutes postinjection) in-111 labeled leukocyte images performed on a 38-year-old woman with a history of inflammatory bowel disease.
Susceptibility to Otitis Media
Authors: Garth D. Ehrlich, J. Christopher Post
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Roentgenographic Aspects of Narcotic Addiction
Authors: Henry D. Messer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Though hematogenous osteomyelitis in narcotic addicts certainly does have a predilection for the spine, I doubt that<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>is most frequently the offending organism. While it is true that Kido and colleagues<sup>1</sup>found<i>Pseudomonas</i>in the overwhelming majority of their addicts with vertebral infections,<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>was the offending organism in half the cases reported by Holzman and Bishko.<sup>2</sup>In our recently reported series of patients with cervical osteomyelitis, of the five patients who were addicted to heroin, four were found to be infected with S<i>aureus</i>and no organism was recovered from the other one. Since the treatment of<i>S aureus</i>and<i>P aeruginosa</i>is so entirely different, positive identification of the offending organism is essential, whether it be one of these two or any of many others that have sometimes been reported.
Intracoronary Thrombectomy With the X-Sizer Catheter System Improves Epicardial Flow and Accelerates ST-Segment Resolution in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gilbert Beran, Irene Lang, Wolfgang Schreiber, Stefan Denk, Thomas Stefenelli, Bonni Syeda, Gerald Maurer, Dietmar Glogar, Peter Siostrzonek
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may cause thrombus dislodgment followed by reduced flow and impaired microcirculatory function. We prospectively compared conventional PCI to a strategy of additional pretreatment using the X-sizer thrombectomy system. Methods and Results — Sixty-six patients (51 [77%] men; 54.9±9.9 years) with ACS (49 with ST-elevation infarction [STEMI]) and suspected intracoronary thrombus were randomized 1:1 to pretreatment with X-sizer and conventional PCI alone. Various aspects of epicardial flow and microvascular function were studied. Baseline data were similar in both groups. Postprocedural TIMI 3 flow was obtained in 90% of X-sizer–treated patients and in 84% of controls (NS); however, corrected TIMI frame count was lower in X-sizer– treated patients (18.3±10.2 versus 24.7±14.1; P &lt;0.05). No significant group differences were observed in final coronary flow reserve, myocardial blush grade, and myocardial dye intensity. In STEMI, the sum of ST elevation was significantly lower in X-sizer–treated patients immediately after (2.78±3.05 versus 6.15±6.32 mm; P &lt;0.03) and 6 hours after (2.17±2.31 versus 4.14±3.7 mm; P &lt;0.05) intervention. ST-segment resolution &gt;50% was observed in 83% of X-sizer–treated patients and in 52% of controls ( P &lt;0.03). Multivariate analysis identified X-sizer treatment as the single independent predictor of ST-segment resolution &gt;50% (OR 4.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 16.9; P &lt;0.04). Major adverse cardiac events after 30 days occurred in 2 patients in each group. Conclusions — In ACS with suspected thrombus, pretreatment with the X-sizer catheter system improves epicardial flow and accelerates ST-segment resolution compared with conventional PCI alone.
Effects of Splenectomy and Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockade on Cardiac Output Response to Acute Hypoxemia
Authors: Chang-seng Liang, William E. Huckabee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Acute hypoxemia produced by the inhalation of 8% and 5% oxygen increased cardiac output in intact anesthetized dogs by 38% and 62%, respectively. Although practolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, reduced the increase in cardiac output in dogs subjected to severe hypoxemia (5% O(2) breathing) from 62% to 43%, it only slightly reduced the cardiac output rise in dogs subjected to moderate hypoxemia (8% O(2) breathing). Splenectomy, on the other hand, abolished the increase in cardiac output produced by moderate hypoxemia except for a small initial rise, but it reduced the increase in cardiac output during severe hypoxemia only to 37%. The entire increase, except for a small initial rise, disappeared only when splenectomized dogs were pretreated with practolol. Sham operation did not affect the cardiac output response to hypoxemia. It is concluded that an intact spleen is required for a significant portion of the increased cardiac output that occurs during both moderate and severe hypoxemia and that catecholamines do not participate in the regulation of cardiac output unless severe hypoxemia occurs.
X-Ray Diagnosis of Congenital Cardiac Disease
Authors: G. B. C. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This is a highly commendable text that fulfills its purposes exceedingly well. The authors—a radiologist and a cardiologist with much experience and skill in the field of congenital heart disease—emphasize the evaluation of plain x-ray film studies. Changes in cardiac shape and size, great vessels, and pulmonary vessels are related to underlying pathophysiologic disturbances. The introduction presents a detailed, explicit approach to the systematic study of the plain x-ray films of the chest, including frontal, lateral, and oblique views. This is followed by chapters covering atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, coarctation, endocardial fibroelastosis, pulmonic stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and transposition of the great vessels. Angiocardiograms are used to correlate with the plain film findings. Chapters include pertinent clinical and electrocardiographic features. The book ends with a chapter on cardiac malposition. Well-illustrated and with a good index, it has an
Preventing postoperative thromboembolism.
Authors: J R Loudon, G McGarrity, I G Kelly, P S Rae, R Vallance
Journal: BMJ (1979)

increase in lifespan which has resulted from advances in medical science and public health should not be years of a "prison sentence" but should be enjoyed.Surely to advise elderly patients against going on holiday simply because they may fail to take some necessary medicine would be a complete trav-esty of this philosophy?
Morphine Mimics Preconditioning via Free Radical Signals and Mitochondrial K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels in Myocytes
Authors: Bradley C. McPherson, Zhenhai Yao
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We tried to determine whether morphine mimics preconditioning (PC) to reduce cell death in cultured cardiomyocytes and whether opioid δ 1 receptors, free radicals, and K ATP channels mediate this effect. Methods and Results —Chick embryonic ventricular myocytes were studied in a flow-through chamber while flow rate, pH, and O 2 and CO 2 tension were controlled. Cardiomyocyte viability was quantified with propidium iodide (5 μmol/L), and production of free radicals was measured with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. PC with 10 minutes of simulated ischemia before 10 minutes of reoxygenation or morphine (1 μmol/L) or BW373U86 (10 pmol/L) infusion for 10 minutes followed by a 10-minute drug-free period before 1 hour of ischemia and 3 hours of reoxygenation reduced cell death to the same extent (* P &lt;0.05) (PC, 20±1%, n=7*; morphine, 32±4%, n=8*; BW373U86, 21±6%; controls, 52±5%, n=8). Like PC, morphine and BW373U86 increased free radical production 2-fold before ischemia (0.35±0.10, n=6*; 0.41±0.08, n=4* versus controls, 0.15±0.05, n=8, arbitrary units). Protection and increased free radical signals during morphine infusion were abolished with either the thiol reductant 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (400 μmol/L), an antioxidant; naloxone (10 μmol/L), a nonselective morphine receptor antagonist; BNTX (0.1 μmol/L), a selective opioid δ 1 receptor antagonist; or 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 μmol/L), a selective mitochondrial K ATP channel antagonist. Conclusions —These results suggest that direct stimulation of cardiocyte opioid δ 1 receptors leads to activation of mitochondrial K ATP channels. The resultant increase of intracellular free radical signals may be an important component of the signaling pathways by which morphine mimics preconditioning in cardiomyocytes.
Robert Alexander Harrison Surtees
Authors: Brian Neville
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Robert Alexander Harrison Surtees went to St Edmund Hall, Oxford, as an open exhibitioner and qualified in 1980. Following training at Stoke-on-Trent and Birmingham and Manchester he came to the UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital in 1986 and progressed rapidly from Wellcome Trust lecturer to professor of paediatric neurology and honorary consultant and ultimately head of the Neurosciences Unit. His PhD on -adenosylmethionine deficiency and demyelination was the foundation of …
Insulin Binding, Biologic Activity, and Metabolism of Biosynthetic Human Insulin
Authors: Jerrold M Olefsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Insulin binding to receptors, insulin action, and cellular insulin metabolism were studied using biosynthetic human insulin (BHI). The results demonstrated that this insulin preparation binds to receptors with full binding potency and also exerts normal biologic activity to stimulate adipocyte glucose oxidation and glucose transport. Furthermore, following initial binding to adipocyte receptors, BHI is internalized and degraded in a manner indistinguishable from purified pork insulin (PPI). Thus, these results demonstrate that BHI has full biologic activity, is metabolized normally, and should produce the full insulin effect when administered to diabetic patients.
Airborne Mold and Endotoxin Concentrations in New Orleans, Louisiana, after Flooding, October through November 2005
Authors: Gina M. Solomon, Mervi Hjelmroos-Koski, Miriam Rotkin-Ellman, S. Katharine Hammond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The hurricanes and flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana, in October and November 2005 resulted in damp conditions favorable to the dispersion of bioaerosols such as mold spores and endotoxin.Our objective in this study was to assess potential human exposure to bioaerosols in New Orleans after the flooding of the city.A team of investigators performed continuous airborne sampling for mold spores and endotoxin outdoors in flooded and nonflooded areas, and inside homes that had undergone various levels of remediation, for periods of 5-24 hr during the 2 months after the flooding.The estimated 24-hr mold concentrations ranged from 21,000 to 102,000 spores/m3 in outdoor air and from 11,000 to 645,000 spores/m3 in indoor air. The mean outdoor spore concentration in flooded areas was roughly double the concentration in nonflooded areas (66,167 vs. 33,179 spores/m3 ; p < 0.05) . The highest concentrations were inside homes. The most common mold species were from the genera of Cladosporium and Aspergillus/Penicillium ; Stachybotrys was detected in some indoor samples. The airborne endotoxin concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 8.3 EU (endotoxin units) /m3 but did not vary with flooded status or between indoor and outdoor environments.The high concentration of mold measured indoors and outdoors in the New Orleans area is likely to be a significant respiratory hazard that should be monitored over time. Workers and returning residents should use appropriate personal protective equipment and exposure mitigation techniques to prevent respiratory morbidity and long-term health effects.
The cyclophilin inhibitor SCY-635 suppresses viral replication and induces endogenous interferons in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection
Authors: Sam Hopkins, Betty DiMassimo, Pamela Rusnak, Douglas Heuman, Jacob Lalezari, Ann Sluder, Bernard Scorneaux, Sarah Mosier, Paul Kowalczyk, Yves Ribeill, James Baugh, Philippe Gallay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Buffer may be the critical factor in measurement of anti-prothrombin antibody on a γ-ray-irradiated plate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Juzo Matsuda, Noriko Saitoh, Miyo Tsukamoto, Moritaka Gotoh, Kengo Gohchi, Kazuo Kawasugi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We investigated the influence of different buffers (Tris-buffer and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)/Tween-20 buffer) on anti-prothrombin antibody (aPT) measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employing a γ-ray-irradiated plate. We found considerable discrepancies in aPT positivity between each buffer, and we suggest that the use of Tris-buffer is not suitable for aPT measurement with a γ-ray-irradiated plate to measure aPT. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PhotoPoint Photodynamic Therapy Promotes Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaques and Inhibits Plaque Progression
Authors: Ron Waksman, Pauline E. McEwan, Travis I. Moore, Rajbabu Pakala, Frank D. Kolodgie, David G. Hellinga, Rufus C. Seabron, Steven J. Rychnovsky, Jeffrey Vasek, Robert W. Scott, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Statins and Weight Gain
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

There remains much controversy over the risks and benefits of statins for primary prevention.Besides the risks of muscle aches, diabetes, and cognitive dysfunction, I have observed over the years that for many patients, statins provide a false reassurance, as people seem to believe that statins can compensate for poor dietary choices and a sedentary life.In an elegantly performed analysis of NHANES data from 1999 to 2010, Sugiyama and colleagues 1 have documented exactly such behavior.They found that compared with statin nonusers, statin users significantly increased their fat intake and calorie consumption, along with their BMI, in the last decade.This article raises concerns of a potential moral hazard of statin use, in addition to the already known adverse effects.Focusing on cholesterol levels can be distracting from the more beneficial focus on healthy lifestyle to reduce heart disease risk.