tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of determinants for pet ownership in 12 European birth cohorts on asthma and allergies: a GA<sup>2</sup>LEN initiative
Authors: E. Eller, S. Roll, C.‐M. Chen, O. Herbarth, H.‐E. Wichmann, A. Von Berg, U. Krämer, M. Mommers, C. Thijs, A. Wijga, B. Brunekreef, M. P. Fantini, F. Bravi, F. Forastiere, D. Porta, J. Sunyer, M. Torrent, A. Høst, S. Halken, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, K.‐H. Carlsen, M. Wickman, I. Kull, U. Wahn, S. N. Willich, S. Lau, T. Keil, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Studies on pet ownership as a risk or protective factor for asthma and allergy show inconsistent results. This may be on account of insufficient adjustment of confounding factors. Aim: The objective of this study was to describe determinants of cat and dog ownership in European families with and without allergies. Methods: Within the EU‐funded network of excellence GA 2 LEN, we performed meta‐analyses with data from 12 ongoing European birth cohort studies on asthma and allergy. Each of the birth cohort studies enrolled between 485 and 4089 children. Pet ownership, allergic status (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema) of parents and siblings, parental education, access to ground floor, and number of people living at home were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Among the 25 056 families from seven European countries cats (14.9%) were more common than dogs (12.0%). Allergic family history significantly reduced the odds to own a cat (adjusted combined random‐effect OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85–0.99), or dog (0.90; 0.86–0.94). A higher parental educational level had even more pronounced effects on cat (0.84; 0.71–0.98), and dog ownership (0.61; 0.54–0.70). Elder siblings reduced the odds to own cats, but not dogs. Convenient ground access significantly increased the odds, whereas crowding at home was not associated with cat or dog ownership. Conclusions: The chances to own a cat or dog were significantly reduced in allergic families, in parents with a higher educational level, and in homes without convenient ground access. In addition to parental allergies, social and housing factors should be considered as potential confounders in studies on pet exposure and allergic diseases.
Latent and Chronic Infections Imported From Southeast Asia
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This review is intended to remind physicians of exotic infections with latency of at least one year that could cause illness in refugees or US citizens exposed in Southeast Asia. Tuberculosis, melioidosis, and leprosy are the major chronic infections of bacterial origin. Intestinal protozoa, roundworms, and flatworms are considered with regard to pathogenic. potential and duration of infection. Malaria, filariasis, and schistosomiasis may be seen on occasion. Paragonimiasis and Chinese liver fluke infections are more common and may simulate other less exotic diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1901-1906, 1978)
Prenatal Diagnosis of Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome) with Fetoscopy and Ultrasound
Authors: Maurice J. Mahoney, John C. Hobbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Prenatal diagnosis based on anatomic definition of the fetus in utero is an extremely difficult task, particularly in the first half of pregnancy. radiologic technics will give information about the skeleton, gastrointestinal tract and gross body contours, but the information has been of limited value until the sixth month of pregnancy.1 Two new modalities have recently been introduced into clinical obstetrics: ultrasonography to obtain echo patterns from the fetus and fetoscopy to view the fetus directly. We report the combined use of these technics for the diagnosis of chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome) early in the second trimester of pregnancy. . . .
AN EXTENSIVE BURN WITH SERIOUS COMPLICATION.—RECOVERY.
Authors: HERBERT C. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1889)

On May 18, 1888, about 3 p.m., I was called to see Mrs, James S., æt. 27, the mother of twins two years old, and then in the eighth month of her second pregnancy. She was of robust constitution, a native of the North of Ireland, three years a resident of the United States, the last year a resident of Florida. The family were living in an unfinished house, about a mile and a-half from my office. While engaged in baking bread, the back part of her dress became ignited by the flames from the side-door of the cooking stove, which she had thoughtlessly left open after replenishing the fire. Unconscious of what had taken place, she walked to an open passage, and stood in the breeze until enveloped in flames. Her screams soon brought the only man in the vicinity, who was working a few hundred yards from the
Physician-Run Health Plans and Antitrust
Authors: Charles P. Duvall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 February 1997Physician-Run Health Plans and AntitrustCharles P. Duvall, MDCharles P. Duvall, MDFoxhall Internists, PC, Washington, DC 20016Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I have several concerns about the American College of Physicians' policy statement on antitrust matters [1].The policy position begins with the assertion that the health care industry has been treated the same as every other industry, even though physicians are restricted to 20% or 30% of market share, depending on whether or not contracts are exclusive, exceptions notwithstanding. The presentation, in attempting to balance its discussion of pros and cons, fails to convey just how sharp and great are the differences between these two camps. For example, the American Medical Association has antitrust reform as one ...REFERENCE1. American College of Physicians. Physician-run health plans and antitrust. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:59-65. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Foxhall Internists, PC, Washington, DC 20016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 3Page: 252-253KeywordsCyclic adenosine monophosphateEmotionsHealth careHealth care policyHealth care sectorPeer reviewSafety Issue Published: 1 February 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fitness versus fatness: Moving beyond weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nathan A. Johnson, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The rapid emergence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a cause of both liver-related morbidity and mortality and cardiometabolic risk has led to the search for effective lifestyle strategies to reduce liver fat. Lifestyle intervention comprising dietary restriction in conjunction with increased physical activity has shown clear hepatic benefits when weight loss approximating 3%-10% of body weight is achieved. Yet, the poor sustainability of weight loss challenges the current therapeutic focus on body weight and highlights the need for alternative strategies for NAFLD management. Epidemiologic data show an independent relationship between liver fat, physical activity, and fitness, and a growing body of longitudinal research demonstrates that increased physical activity participation per se significantly reduces hepatic steatosis and serum aminotransferases in individuals with NAFLD, independent of weight loss. Mechanistic insights to explain this interaction are outlined, and recommendations for the implementation of lifestyle intervention involving physical activity are discussed. In light of the often poor sustainability of weight loss strategies, and the viability of physical activity therapy, clinicians should assess physical fitness and physical activity habits, educate patients on the benefits of fitness outside of weight loss, and focus on behavior change which promotes physical activity adoption. (Hepatology 2010)
Antibiotics in Acute Tonsillitis and Otitis Media
Authors: F. B. P. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Objective</h3> SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, in terms of clinical presentation, incidence and severity across diverse ethnic populations. We investigated the human leucocyte antigens (HLA) profile (ie, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1) in Malaysian Malay female patients with SLE and determined the generalisability of the published HLA risk factors across different ethnic populations globally including Malaysia. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred Malay female patients with SLE were recruited between January 2016 and October 2017 from a nephrology clinic. All patients were genotyped for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 alleles using PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotides method on Luminex platform. A total of 951 HLA genotyped population-based Malay control subjects was used for association testing by means of OR with 95% CIs. <h3>Results</h3> Our findings convincingly validated common associations between HLA−A*11 (OR=1.65, p=3.36×10<sup>−3</sup>, corrected P (Pc)=4.03×10<sup>−2</sup>) and DQB1*05:01 (OR=1.56, p=2.02×10<sup>−2</sup>, Pc=non−significant) and SLE susceptibility in the Malay population. In contrast, DQB1*03:01 (OR=0.51, p=4.06×10<sup>−4</sup>, Pc=6.50×10<sup>−3</sup>) were associated with decreased risk of SLE in Malay population. Additionally, we also detected novel associations of susceptibility HLA genes (ie, HLA-B*38:02, DPA1*02:02, DPB1*14:01) and protective HLA genes (ie, DPA1*01:03). When comparing the current data with data from previously published studies from Caucasian, African and Asian populations, DRB1*15 alleles, DQB1*03:01 and DQA1*01:02 were corroborated as universal susceptibility and protective genes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study reveals multiple HLA alleles associated with susceptibility and protection against risk of developing SLE in Malay female population with renal disorders. In addition, the published data from different ethnic populations together with our study further support the notion that the genetic effects from association with DRB1*15:01/02, DQB1*03:01 and DQA1*01:02 alleles are generalised to multiple ethnic populations of Caucasian, African and Asian descents.
Intraepithelial High-Grade Neoplasia and Early Adenocarcinoma in Short-Segment Barrett’s Esophagus (SSBE): Curative Treatment Using Local Endoscopic Treatment Techniques
Authors: A. May, L. Gossner, O. Pech, H. Müller, M. Vieth, M. Stolte, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

In recent years, short-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE) has attracted increasing attention in the context of reflux disease. However, there is continuing controversy regarding its potential for malignant transformation.Between October 1996 and September 1999, 50/115 patients (43 %) with intraepithelial high-grade neoplasia or early Barrett's adenocarcinoma, who underwent local endoscopic treatment, had developed a malignant lesion in an (SSBE). In the framework of a prospective observational study, 28 patients were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 13 with photodynamic therapy, and three with argon plasma coagulation; six patients received combinations of these treatments.Complete local remission was achieved in 48/49 patients (98 %). One patient switched to surgery after the first EMR, because there was submucosal tumor infiltration, and in one patient out of 50 local endoscopic treatment failed. A mean of 1.7 +/- 1.4 treatment sessions was required for local endoscopic treatment. The method-associated mortality was 0 %. The rate of relevant complications (stenosis, bleeding) was 6 % (3/50 patients). No cases of severe hemorrhage (Hb fall >2 g/dl) or perforation occurred. During a mean follow-up period of 34 +/- 10 months, metachronous intraepithelial high-grade neoplasms or early adenocarcinomas were seen in 11/48 patients (23 %), who received further successful endoscopic treatment. Four patients died during the follow-up period, but in only one patient was this due to his Barrett's adenocarcinoma (this was the patient who underwent esophageal resection).The malignant potential of short-segment Barrett's esophagus must not be underestimated. Organ-preserving local endoscopic treatment shows good acute-phase and long-term results. Local endoscopic treatment represents an alternative to esophageal resection in the case of intraepithelial high-grade neoplasia and selected early adenocarcinomas in Barrett's esophagus.
Impact of BMI and the Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Johan Ärnlöv, Johan Sundström, Erik Ingelsson, Lars Lind
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

The existence of an obese subgroup with a healthy metabolic profile and low diabetes risk has been proposed; yet long-term data are lacking. We aimed to investigate associations between combinations of BMI categories and metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men.At age 50, cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 1,675 participants without diabetes in the community-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) study. According to BMI/metabolic syndrome status, they were categorized as normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m²) without metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, n = 853), normal weight with metabolic syndrome (n = 60), overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m²) without metabolic syndrome (n = 557), overweight with metabolic syndrome (n = 117), obese (BMI >30 kg/m²) without metabolic syndrome (n = 28), and obese with metabolic syndrome (n = 60). We investigated the associations between BMI/metabolic syndrome categories at baseline and diabetes incidence.After 20 years, 160 participants had developed diabetes. In logistic regression models adjusting for age, smoking, and physical activity, increased risks for diabetes were observed in the normal weight with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 3.28 [95% CI] 1.38-7.81; P = 0.007), overweight without metabolic syndrome (3.49 [2.26-5.42]; P < 0.001), overweight with metabolic syndrome (7.77 [4.44-13.62]; P < 0.001), obese without metabolic syndrome (11.72 [4.88-28.16]; P < 0.001), and obese with metabolic syndrome (10.06 [5.19-19.51]; P < 0.001) categories compared with the normal weight without metabolic syndrome category.Overweight or obese men without metabolic syndrome were at increased risk for diabetes. Our data provide further evidence that overweight and obesity in the absence of the metabolic syndrome should not be considered a harmless condition.
Swine Influenza and the News Media
Authors: David M. Rubin, Val Hendy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Press coverage of the swine influenza inoculation campaign was generally superficial and marked by a "body count" mentality, but it was rarely inaccurate or sensational, as has frequently been assumed. A study of coverage in 19 daily newspapers, the three television networks, and a wire service shows that the best work was done by science and medical writers on major metropolitan newspapers. Television newsmen and wire reporters were unprepared for a story of such complexity. A weak press relations effort by the Center for Disease Control and other public health agencies contributed to the public's confusion and upset professionals in the press. A better understanding by doctors of how the press works and closer relations between the medical community and the press can improve coverage of future public health programs.
The double edged sword of the immune response: mutational analysis of a murine anti-pneumococcal, anti-DNA antibody.
Authors: C Putterman, W Limpanasithikul, M Edelman, B Diamond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies are not only an important diagnostic marker for SLE, but also play an important role in tissue injury. Microbial antigen may be a stimulus for the production of these antibodies. We isolated 99D.7E, an IgG2b monoclonal antibody from a nonautoimmune BALB/c mouse that is cross-reactive with both dsDNA and phosphorylcholine, the dominant hapten on the pneumococcal cell wall. While partially protective against a bacterial challenge, 99D.7E is also pathogenic to the kidney. To identify those molecular motifs that confer on anti-PC antibodies the potential for autoreactivity, we created a panel of 99D.7E mutants with single amino acid substitutions in the heavy chain, and examined the changes in antigen binding and renal deposition. Our results support the hypothesis that charge and affinity for dsDNA are not adequate predictors of the pathogenicity of anti-DNA antibodies. Differential renal damage from anti-dsDNA antibodies may be due to differences in fine specificity, rather than differential affinity for dsDNA. Importantly, high affinity IgG antibodies cross-reactive with bacterial and self antigen exist and can display pathogenic potential, suggesting that defects in peripheral regulation of B cells, activated by foreign antigen but cross-reactive with self antigen, might lead to autoimmune disorders.
Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Joan E. Hodgman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This small book discusses the ethical issues facing physicians at the present time in a concise and highly readable manner. The book covers the most commonly discussed issues, such as treatment decisions for the critically ill newborn in the nursery, in an informative and nonjudgmental style. Also discussed are subjects that most of us have rarely considered and that have not been given a great deal of general attention but are of ethical importance, such as the use of placebos in children. The book is particularly timely in a number of ways. As pediatricians assume increasing medical responsibility for adolescents and young adults, the issues concerning emancipated minors become increasingly relevant to their practice. Ethical issues are frequently compounded by legal concerns and this aspect is authoritatively discussed. Even the difficult area of the effect of economics on ethical decisions in medicine is addressed. One of the unifying themes of
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: revised criteria for diagnosis
Authors: J.A. YELL, J. ALLEN, F. WOJNAROWSKA, G. KIRTSCHIG, S. M. BURGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Blistering in systemic lupus erythematosus has been divided into three groups. A specific subgroup of 'bullous systemic lupus erythematosus' has been defined by Gammon et al. on the basis of a number of criteria. From our experience of seven patients with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, and after reviewing the literature, we suggest that the current classification is too narrow. Our patients displayed clinical and immunohistological (based on direct and indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting) heterogeneity. Sera from two patients bound to epidermal epitopes in sodium chloride-split skin, but immunoblotting was negative. In neither of these patients could the target antigen be type VII collagen, the only antigen identified as pathogenic in this disease. Patients with epidermal binding should not be excluded from a diagnosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. SLE is a disease in which there is a genetic predisposition to form antibodies to type VII collagen, along with other autoantibodies, many of which may be implicated in blistering. We suggest that the criteria for the diagnosis of BSLE should be revised. We define this disease as an acquired subepidermal blistering disease in a patient with SLE, in which immune reactants are present at the basement membrane zone on either direct or indirect immunofluorescence.
Flecainide Therapy Reduces Exercise-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Christian van der Werf, Prince J. Kannankeril, Frederic Sacher, Andrew D. Krahn, Sami Viskin, Antoine Leenhardt, Wataru Shimizu, Naokata Sumitomo, Frank A. Fish, Zahurul A. Bhuiyan, Albert R. Willems, Maurits J. van der Veen, Hiroshi Watanabe, Julien Laborderie, Michel Haïssaguerre, Björn C. Knollmann, Arthur A.M. Wilde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 1585: Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Volumes are Optimally Indexed to Fat Free Mass to Adjust for Differences in Body Size
Authors: Robert N Doughty, Helen J Walsh, Greg D Gamble, Philippa A Cross, James Aoina, Aiden Gill, Jithendra B Somaratne, Gillian A Whalley
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction Echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) size and structure are commonly indexed to body surface area (BSA) to adjust for body size. However, BSA may not be the optimal variable to adjust measurements to. While previous studies have demonstrated that the best determinant of LV mass is fat free mass (FFM), the relationship of LV volumes with body composition is uncertain. Objectives To determine the relationships between LV size and body composition. Methods Normal subjects (Caucasian, Maori, Samoan, Chinese and Indian ethnicity) free of cardiac disease underwent medical history, ECG, blood test (cholesterol/glucose), echocardiography for LV volumes (2D biplane methods of discs) and DEXA scans (body composition). Results 166 subjects were assessed: 96 (56%) were women, median age 26yrs, mean BMI 25.4 (SD 6.0), BSA 1.85m 2 (SD 0.28), LVEDV 88ml (SD 27), LVESV 33ml (SD 14). Significant correlations were observed between LV size and measures of body size in all ethnic groups. However, FFM was the best independent predictor of LV volumes (LVEDV partial R 2 0.48 – 0.60). Body size was smallest among Asian subjects and highest among Maori &amp; Samoan subjects. A significant difference in unindexed LVEDV was observed across the groups which persisted when indexed to BSA or height (all P&lt;0.01). However, when LVEDV was indexed to FFM the ethnic differences were reduced (figure ). Conclusions Among normal subjects LV size is strongly related to FFM. Indexing LV volumes to FFM largely eliminated the differences in LVEDV between subjects with varying body composition. Reference and partition values for normal LV size should be based on LV volumes indexed to fat free mass.