tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short term treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis with terbinafine.
Authors: M. J. Goodfield, L. Andrew, E. G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the effect of short term treatment with terbinafine on dermatophytosis. DESIGN--Multicentre, randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial of 250 mg/day terbinafine for 12 weeks in dermatophyte onychomycosis. SETTING--Eight dermatology centres in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS--112 patients (mean age 44, range 19-78), 99 with mycologically proved toenail infections and 13 with fingernail infections, of whom eight were subsequently excluded and 19 failed to complete the study. INTERVENTION--Terbinafine 250 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Follow up for 36 weeks after stopping treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mycological cure (negative results on microscopy and culture) and clinical cure at the end of follow up, adverse events, and biochemical and haematological variables at monthly intervals during treatment. RESULTS--After follow up 82% (37/45) (95% confidence interval 68% to 92%) mycological cure and 69% clinical cure were recorded for evaluable patients treated with terbinafine for toenail infection and 71% (5/7) (30% to 96%) mycological cure and clinical cure for those treated for fingernail infection. The corresponding values for those treated with placebo were 12% (3% to 31%) mycological cure and no clinical cure for toenail infections and 33% (1% to 91%) mycological cure and no clinical cure for fingernail infections. On an intention to treat basis for toenail infections the figures were 73% (38/52) (58% to 85%) mycological cure for terbinafine compared with 6% (0% to 30%) for placebo (p less than 0.007). Two withdrawals were related to adverse events with terbinafine, and there were no significant abnormal laboratory test results. CONCLUSION--12 weeks9 terbinafine is effective and safe treatment for nail dermatophytosis.
Effect of Breastfeeding On Lung Function of Asthmatic Children
Authors: Hwan Soo Kim, Yoon Ki Han, Min Jung Kim, Hyun Bin Park, Yoon Hee Kim, Hee Seon Lee, Hyun Hee Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn, Kyu-Earn Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Naloxone potentiates cardiopulmonary baroreflex sympathetic control in normal humans.
Authors: H P Schobel, R M Oren, A L Mark, D W Ferguson
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, augments baroreflex mechanisms in animals; this occurrence suggests that endogenous opioids blunt baroreflex responses. Limited human studies suggest an inhibitory action of endogenous opioids on baroreflex-mediated vagal responses during arterial baroreceptor deactivation. To evaluate the potential effect of endogenous opioids on cardiopulmonary baroreflex mechanisms in humans, we measured arterial and central venous pressures, heart rate, and efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, by peroneal microneurography) during unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors with incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP, from 0 to -15 mm Hg) and during the cold pressor test in 21 normal subjects (aged 24 +/- 1 [mean +/- SEM] years). In 14 subjects, we performed LBNP before and after naloxone (0.15 mg/kg i.v.) and placebo (n = 11) on separate days. In six of these 14 subjects and an additional seven subjects (n = 13), studies were also performed before and after administration of a lower dose of naloxone (0.075 mg/kg i.v.) on separate days. Neither dose of naloxone significantly altered control arterial or central venous pressures or heart rate. Control MSNA was reduced after the higher but not after the lower dose of naloxone. Comparable reductions in central venous pressure were produced by LBNP in all groups before and after naloxone or placebo, whereas LBNP did not alter arterial pressure. Cardiopulmonary baroreflex sympathetic sensitivity, which was derived as the slope of the linear regression relation between percent change in total MSNA (units) per absolute change in central venous pressure (mm Hg) during incremental LBNP, was significantly augmented after both the high dose (from 18.6 +/- 4.7%/mm Hg to 39.3 +/- 8.1%/mm Hg, p = 0.001) and low dose of naloxone, whereas placebo had no effect. MSNA responses to the cold pressor test were not altered by either dose of naloxone. Thus, naloxone selectively potentiates cardiopulmonary baroreflex regulation of sympathetic neural activity in normal humans. These findings suggest that endogenous opioids exert a tonic inhibitory effect on sympathetic responses to orthostatic stress in normal humans.
PWE-139 Further Validation of Terminal Peptide of Procollagen Iii (PIIINP) for the Detection and Assessment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Abstract PWE-139 Table
Authors: S Tanwar, J Parkes, B J Hogan, D Schuppan, M Pinzani, M J P Arthur, A Burt, W M Rosenberg
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> PIIINP has recently been shown to discriminate between simple steatosis (SS) and NASH both in patients without advanced fibrosis and in patients with all degrees of fibrosis<sup>1</sup>. In this study we validated PIIINP as a biomarker of NASH in a cohort of patients with biopsy proven NAFLD and evaluated its performance at the proposed diagnostic thresholds. <h3>Methods</h3> 71 patients with NAFLD and no evidence of other liver disease were included in this study. Liver biopsies were performed on all patients and analysed by a expert liver histopathologist. All liver biopsies were of suitable size for analysis (&gt; 12mm and &gt; 5 portal tracts) and classified in a dichotomous manner into those with SS or histological NASH. Fibrosis was assessed using the Scheuer classification. Serum samples were taken at the time of liver biopsy. <h3>Results</h3> 14 of the 60 patients with non-advanced fibrosis (4-F0, 18-F1.1-F2) and all 11 patients with advanced fibrosis (9-F3, 2-F4) had NASH respectively. The AUROC of PIIINP in discriminating between SS and NASH in patients with non-advanced fibrosis and all degrees of fibrosis was 0.81 (CI 0.69–0.94) and 0.87 (CI 0.79–0.96) respectively. In comparison, the ability of ALT to discriminate between SS and NASH ranged between 0.43–0.45. The performance of the recently proposed thresholds PIIINP in their ability to diagnose NASH in our population is displayed in the table. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PIIINP discriminates between SS and NASH. The performance of the proposed diagnostic thresholds is comparable to that reported in the original publication of this biomarker. Our results suggest that PIIINP can be used to detect the minority of patients with NAFLD who have NASH and are at risk of developing progressive fibrosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Tanwar S<i> et al.</i> Validation of Terminal Peptide of Procollagen III for the Detection and Assessment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2013 Jan; 57(1):103–11. doi: 10.1002/hep.26030. PMID: 22930399
Nodular Cutaneous Microsporidiosis in a Patient with AIDS and Successful Treatment with Long-Term Oral Clindamycin Therapy
Authors: Kent E. Kester
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: In AIDS, nodular skin disease can result from various causes. Objective: To report a new manifestation of microsporidial infection presenting as nodular skin disease with underlying osteomyelitis. Design: Case report. Setting: Tertiary-care military medical center in Washington, D.C. Patient: A 36-year-old woman with late-stage AIDS who presented with disseminated, nodular cutaneous lesions and underlying osteomyelitis. Measurements: Disseminated microsporidial infection with an Encephalitozoon-like species was diagnosed by electron microscopic examination of material obtained from the skin lesions. Intervention: The patient received long-term oral clindamycin therapy, which cured her disseminated infection. Conclusions: Microsporidia can cause disseminated cutaneous infections in AIDS patients. The response of this patient to long-term clindamycin therapy merits further evaluation.
Meningococcal carriage in relation to an outbreak of invasive disease due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in the Netherlands
Authors: M.A.E. Conyn-van Spaendonck, R. Reintjes, L. Spanjaard, E. van Kregten, A.G. Kraaijeveld, P.H.A. Jacobs
Journal: Journal of Infection (1999)
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate and Polyphenon E Inhibit Growth and Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Signaling Pathways in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Masahito Shimizu, Atsuko Deguchi, Jin T.E. Lim, Hisataka Moriwaki, Levy Kopelovich, I. Bernard Weinstein
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and multiple downstream signaling pathways in cancer cell lines. In this study we compared the cellular and molecular effects of EGCG with a well-standardized decaffeinated green tea catechin mixture Polyphenon E (Poly E) on human colon cancer cell lines. Experimental Design and Results: Both EGCG and Poly E preferentially inhibited growth of the Caco2, HCT116, HT29, SW480, and SW837 colon cancer cells when compared with the FHC normal human fetal colon cell line. The EGFR and HER2 proteins were overexpressed and constitutively activated in all of the colon cancer cell lines when compared with the FHC cell line. Treatment of HT29 cells with EGCG or Poly E caused an increase of cells in G1 and induced apoptosis. Both EGCG and Poly E caused a decrease in the phosphorylated forms of EGFR and HER2 proteins, and subsequently caused a decrease in the phosphorylated forms of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt proteins. Similar effects of these compounds were seen when the cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor α. Reporter assays indicated that both EGCG and Poly E inhibited the transcriptional activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), c-fos, nuclear factor κB, and cyclin D1 promoters. The combination of only 1 μg/mL of epicatechin plus 10 μg/mL of EGCG displayed synergistic effects on growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, when treatment was prolonged for 96 hours, 1 μg/mL of EGCG or Poly E was sufficient to inhibit growth, reduce activation of EGFR and HER2, and induce apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that EGCG or Poly E may be useful in the chemoprevention and/or treatment of colon cancer. Poly E contains about 60% EGCG, yet pure EGCG and Poly E had similar potencies (expressed as μg/ml). Poly E may be preferable because it is easier to prepare and this mixture of catechins may exert synergistic effects.
Polo-like kinase 1 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia and its inhibition preferentially targets the proliferation of leukemic cells
Authors: Annelies G. Renner, Cédric Dos Santos, Christian Recher, Christian Bailly, Laurent Créancier, Anna Kruczynski, Bernard Payrastre, Stéphane Manenti
Journal: Blood (2009)
A History of the Rescue and Aftercare of Two Cases after Four Days' Burial
Authors: G. S. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Experience in the use of amnioplastin has been obtained in 8 intracranial cases, 12 peripheral nerve cases, and in one or two additional instances, such as a scar in the popliteal space.The iype of peripheral nerve case in which the membrane has been used, the method of its employment, and the results so far obtained are here reported.These results are so encouraging as to suggest its continued and fuLrther use.
1198 HCV NS3/4A PROTEASE RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS (RAVS) IDENTIFIED IN GENOTYPE 1A PATIENTS EXHIBIT DIFFERENCES IN PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE TO BOCEPREVIR AND TELAPREVIR IN GENOTYPE 1A REPLICON CELLS
Authors: S. Black, P. McMonagle, R. Chase, S. Curry, R.J.O. Barnard, D.J. Hazuda, A.Y. Howe, J.A. Howe, R.A. Ogert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Some Unusual Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Authors: Benjamin Ebert, Kitt Shaffer, Helmut Rennke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.021 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12829687 Some Unusual Paraneoplastic Syndromes CASE 4. PARANEOPLASTIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH LUNG CANCER Benjamin EbertxBenjamin EbertSearch for articles by this author , Kitt ShafferxKitt ShafferSearch for articles by this author , Helmut RennkexHelmut RennkeSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.021 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract 14532: Contemporary Rates and Predictors of Hospitalization and Death in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function
Authors: Alan S Go, David H Smith, Jerry H Gurwitz, David McManus, Robert J Goldberg, Larry A Allen, Micah L Thorp, Grace Hsu, Sue Hee Sung, David J Magid
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Heart failure (HF) is a major and growing clinical and public health problem nationally and internationally. However, few contemporary data exist about the rates and predictors of adver...
Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative Medicine
Authors: Douglas F. Stalker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative MedicineDouglas F. Stalker, PhDDouglas F. Stalker, PhDUniversity of Delaware; Newark, DE 19716Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00047 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Eisenberg [1] wants physicians to learn more about alternative therapies and alternative practitioners, to spend more time discussing specific alternative therapies with patients, to advise patients on how they should deal with alternative practitioners, and to monitor and review any alternative treatment plans that patients follow.Why does Eisenberg want physicians to do all of this? He is worried about patient safety because, as he notes, “the safety and efficacy of these practices remain largely unknown.” As anyone who looks into this area will find, there simply isn't much real, clinical evidence behind most alternative therapies. Eisenberg ...References1. Eisenberg DM. Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:61-9. Google Scholar2. Eddy DM. Clinical Decision Making. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 1996. Google Scholar3. Stalker D, Glymour C, eds. Examining Holistic Medicine. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books; 1989. Google Scholar4. Stalker DF. Evidence and alternative medicine. Mt Sinai J Med. 1995; 62:132-43. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Delaware; Newark, DE 19716 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAddressing Use of Herbal Medicine in the Primary Care Setting 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 329KeywordsPatientsSafety Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of Patients With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Charles E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

FIFTEEN YEARS after the first description of persons diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),<sup>1</sup>and after almost 600 000 cases have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (as of the end of 1996),<sup>2</sup>an issue under intense debate is that of who should provide medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS. See also p 1131. It was 6 years after the initial report of AIDS cases before the first federal effort to educate health professionals with regard to this problem was formally initiated by establishing AIDS Education and Training Centers (AETCs).<sup>3</sup>At that time, about 66 000 AIDS cases had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (using different criteria for the diagnosis than at present).<sup>4</sup> The 15 AETCs currently in operation are located throughout the United States. The budget for AETC operation
THE PRODUCTION OF BACTERICIDAL SUBSTANCES BY AEROBIC SPORULATING BACILLI
Authors: René J. Dubos, Rollin D. Hotchkiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Several species of aerobic sporulating bacilli recently isolated from soil, sewage, manure, and cheese, as well as authentic strains obtained from type culture collections, have been found to exhibit antagonistic activity against unrelated microorganisms. Cultures of these aerobic sporulating bacilli yield an alcohol-soluble, water-insoluble fraction,-tyrothricin,-which is bactericidal for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial species. Two different crystalline products have been separated from tyrothricin. One, which may be called tyrocidine, is bactericidal in vitro for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species; the other substance, gramicidin, is effective only against Gram-positive microorganisms. In general, tyrocidine behaves like a protoplasmic poison and like other antiseptics, loses much of its activity in the presence of animal tissues. Gramicidin on the contrary exerts a much more subtle physiological effect on the susceptible bacterial cells and, when applied locally at the site of the infection, retains in vivo a striking activity against Gram-positive microorganisms.
Mice completely lacking immunoproteasomes show major changes in antigen presentation
Authors: Eleanor Z Kincaid, Jenny W Che, Ian York, Hernando Escobar, Eduardo Reyes-Vargas, Julio C Delgado, Raymond M Welsh, Margaret L Karow, Andrew J Murphy, David M Valenzuela, George D Yancopoulos, Kenneth L Rock
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
CLOSED-CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE
Authors: W. B. Kouwenhoven
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Cardiac resuscitation after cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation has been limited by the need for open thoracotomy and direct cardiac massage. As a result of exhaustive animal experimentation a method of external transthoracic cardiac massage has been developed. Immediate resuscitative measures can now be initiated to give not only mouth-to-nose artificial respiration but also adequate cardiac massage without thoracotomy. The use of this technique on 20 patients has given an over-all permanent survival rate of 70%. Anyone, anywhere, can now initiate cardiac resuscitative procedures. All that is needed are two hands.
Streptokinase for acute ischemic stroke with relationship to time of administration: Australian Streptokinase (ASK) Trial Study Group
Authors: G A Donnan, S M Davis, B R Chambers, P C Gates, G J Hankey, J J McNeil, D Rosen, E G Stewart-Wynne, R R Tuck
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine whether the administration of 1.5 million units of streptokinase intravenously within 4 hours of the onset of acute ischemic stroke would reduce morbidity and mortality at 3 months and whether outcomes may be better for those receiving therapy within 3 hours of stroke onset compared with those receiving it after 3 hours.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 3-month follow-up.A total of 340 patients, aged 18 to 85 years, with moderate to severe strokes were randomized from 40 centers throughout Australia from June 1992 to November 1994.Administration of 1.5 million units of streptokinase or placebo intravenously in 100 mL of normal saline over 1 hour.Combined death and disability score (Barthel index <60) 3 months after the stroke.Using an intention-to-treat analysis with a combined death and disability score at 3 months after stroke as the primary end point, we found a nonsignificant overall trend toward unfavorable outcomes for streptokinase vs placebo (relative risk [RR] of unfavorable outcome, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.58) and an excess of hematomas (13.2%[12.6% symptomatic] in the treated group, 3% [2.4% symptomatic] for placebo [P<.01]). However, poor outcomes were confined to patients receiving therapy more than 3 hours after stroke onset (RR of unfavorable outcome, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.80-1.86). In contrast, among the 70 patients who were entered into the trial within 3 hours of stroke onset, there was a trend toward improved outcomes for those who received streptokinase (RR of unfavorable outcome, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.28-1.58), and this outcome pattern was significantly better than for those receiving therapy after 3 hours (P=.04). Streptokinase administration resulted in excess deaths in the group treated after 3 hours (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.18-3.35), but not among those treated within 3 hours (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.38-3.21).The administration of streptokinase within 4 hours of acute ischemic stroke increased morbidity and mortality at 3 months. While treatment within 3 hours of stroke was safer and associated with significantly better outcomes than later treatment, it showed no significant benefit over placebo. The timing of thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke is critical.
Impregnated central venous catheters should be readily used to reduce risk of bloodstream infection
Authors: R. Gilbert, K. Harron, Q. Mok, C. Gamble
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Smith and Nolan’s overview of central venous catheters (CVCs) states that evidence from 56 trials shows that antiseptic or antimicrobial impregnation of CVCs reduces the risk of bloodstream infection related to their use.1 2 The dilemma for clinicians, however, is which types of impregnation work best and for whom.

The best available evidence on the type of impregnation comes from a network meta-analysis combining direct and indirect comparisons.3 …