tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Independence of Hydrogen Ion Secretion and Transport of Other Electrolytes in Turtle Bladder*
Authors: Philip R. Steinmetz, Rodney S. Omachi, Howard S. Frazier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The relationship between hydrogen ion secretion and the transport of other electrloytes was examined in the isolated urinary bladder of the water turtle. Symmetrical solutions which were free from exogenous carbon dioxide and bicarbonate bathed the two surfaces of the preparation, and the spontaneous electrical potential of the bladder was nullified by a voltage clamp. Active transport of sodium from mucosal to serosal medium was confirmed by simultaneous bidirectional flux measurements and found to be slightly, but not significantly, greater than the short-circuit current. In the absence of sodium in the bathing solutions, the normal potential difference across the bladder reversed and the current required to nullify this reversed potential difference had the same magnitude as the simultaneously measured rate of hydrogen ion secretion. The results indicate that, under these experimental conditions, the bladder transports sodium and hydrogen ion actively, but that chloride movement does not contribute to the short-circuit current. The rate of secretion of hydrogen ion was not affected by replacement of the sodium in the bathing media by cesium, or by inhibition of sodium transport by dinitrophenol. Acidification continued when chloride in the solutions was replaced by sulfate, or when potassium or calcium was removed from the solution bathing the mucosal surface. Secretion of hydrogen ion by the turtle bladder is not dependent on the simultaneous transport of other electrolytes across the bladder.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated at Home
Authors: John W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  It would appear at first that the article by Marsh (235:45, 1976), advocating practices of the British National Health Services, was misplaced, rather belonging in the JAMA 75 YEARS AGO section. It is hard to believe that he is serious when he proudly proclaims that he treats two thirds of his patients with acute myocardial infarction at home, obviously without the benefit of cardiac monitoring. Acute myocardial infarction patients here in Blue Earth, Minn, were treated that way years ago with a 40% mortality; now they are treated in hospital coronary care units with a 10% mortality. It is doubtful that acute myocardial infarction patients are treated in their homes in England because it is a better means of medical care, rather it is likely to be in answer to England's shortage of hospital beds (no new hospital construction) under their costly, inefficient British National Health Services
Maternal administration of flecainide to terminate and suppress fetal tachycardia
Authors: C. Wren, S. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Maternal administration offlecainide to terminate and suppress fetal tachycardiaFetal echocardiography has allowed fetal arrhythmias to be identified and accurately diagnosed.Because a fetal tachycardia is often detected before an elective delivery is safe considerable interest has focused on treatment by giving drugs to the mother.Digoxin is accepted as the drug of first choice, but no consensus exists on second line drugs.' 2 We present the first report of giving flecainide to a mother to terminate and suppress a fetal tachycardia.Case report
Intracellular Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like Receptor 4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mathias W. Hornef, Birgitta Henriques Normark, Alain Vandewalle, Staffan Normark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 has recently been shown to reside in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal crypt epithelial m-ICcl2 cells, colocalizing with internalized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we demonstrate that disruption of the integrity of the Golgi apparatus significantly reduced LPS-mediated nuclear factor κB activation. Also, the TLR4 adaptor protein MyD88 and the serine/threonine kinase IRAK-1 were rapidly recruited to the Golgi apparatus upon stimulation. LPS-mediated activation required lipid raft formation and intact clathrin-dependent internalization. In contrast to macrophages, prevention of ligand internalization by use of LPS-coated beads significantly impaired recognition by epithelial cells. The localization of TLR4 to the Golgi apparatus was abrogated by expression of a genetically modified form of the TLR4 binding chaperone gp96. Thus, our data provide evidence that in contrast to the situation in macrophages, LPS recognition in intestinal epithelial cells may occur in the Golgi apparatus and require LPS internalization.
Ultrasonic backscatter and collagen in normal ventricular myocardium.
Authors: R M Hoyt, D J Skorton, S M Collins, H E Melton
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Integrated ultrasonic backscatter has been related to collagen deposition in fibrotic myocardium. The purpose of our study was to measure the integrated ultrasonic backscatter in the right and left ventricles of 10 normal freshly excised canine hearts and five normal formalin-fixed human hearts. A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium. The radio frequency backscatter signal, excluding specular reflections, was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter (in decibels down from a 100% reflector). The segment of myocardium corresponding to the integrated ultrasonic backscatter sample volume was excised and assayed for hydroxyproline, a marker for collagen. A second purpose of our study was to evaluate the influence of fixation with formalin on the backscatter. Regional integrated ultrasonic backscatter was therefore measured in 10 freshly excised canine left ventricles, which were fixed in 10% formalin for 2 weeks. Integrated ultrasonic backscatter measurements were then repeated. In freshly excised canine hearts, the integrated ultrasonic backscatter from right ventricle was higher than that from left ventricle (-60.4 +/- 1.6 [SEM] vs -66.9 +/- 1.0 dB; p less than .001). The collagen content of right ventricle was also higher than that of left ventricle (4.40 +/- 0.26 [SEM] vs 3.58 +/- 0.13 micrograms/mg dry weight; p less than .005). Similar results were obtained in human hearts. There were no correlations between integrated ultrasonic backscatter and collagen content (r = .28 and .32 for dogs and humans, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gastrointestinal telangiectasia: a study by EGD, colonoscopy, and capsule endoscopy in 75 patients
Authors: L. Polese, R. D’Incà, I. Angriman, M. Scarpa, D. Pagano, C. Ruffolo, F. Lamboglia, G. Sturniolo, D. D’Amico, L. Norberto
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de L. Polese et al., pp. 23Endoscopy 2008; 40(01): 89-89DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306802
Thromboxane synthase mutations in an increased bone density disorder (Ghosal syndrome)
Authors: David Geneviève, Valérie Proulle, Bertrand Isidor, Samuel Bellais, Valérie Serre, Fatima Djouadi, Capucine Picard, Capucine Vignon-Savoye, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Stéphane Blanche, Marie-Christine de Vernejoul, Laurence Legeai-Mallet, Anne-Marie Fischer, Martine Le Merrer, Marie Dreyfus, Pascale Gaussem, Arnold Munnich, Valérie Cormier-Daire
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
PRODUCTION OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN RABBITS BY DIETS RICH IN ANIMAL PROTEINS
Authors: L. H. NEWBURGH
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In a note published two years ago, Newburgh and Squier<sup>1</sup>reported the occurrence of atherosclerosis in two small groups of rabbits, eleven in all, that had been fed high protein diets. While the evidence at hand indicated that the vascular lesion had been caused by the diets, such a conclusion was not safe because the experiments were too few to permit a generalization. The present communication is an abstract<sup>2</sup>of the further investigation of the effect of high protein diets on the arteries of rabbits. The term atherosclerosis, as used by most pathologists, is intended to designate a primary disease of the intima and to exclude lesions of the intima which result from disease of the media or vasa vasorum. The gross and histologic characteristics of this primary intimal disease are so well known to this group that further description is unnecessary. Two series of animals have been
A new model for dermatitis herpetiformis that uses HLA-DQ8 transgenic NOD mice
Authors: Eric Marietta, Kay Black, Michael Camilleri, Patricia Krause, Roy S. Rogers, Chella David, Mark R. Pittelkow, Joseph A. Murray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity. It presents as a papulovesicular rash and is often associated with enteropathy. The rash resolves when the patient is placed on a gluten-free diet and/or dapsone. DH, as well as celiac disease, is tightly associated with DQ2 and DQ8. A novel mouse model for DH is described that utilizes the NOD background and the HLA-DQ8 transgene. The addition of DQ8 contributes sensitivity to gliadin, and the addition of the NOD background contributes to autoimmunity and pathogenesis. Fifteen NOD DQ8+ mice of 90 that were sensitized to gluten developed blistering pathology similar to that seen in DH. Neutrophil infiltration of the dermis, deposition of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction, and a complete reversal of the blistering phenomenon with the administration of a gluten-free diet with or without dapsone were observed. None of the 3 blistering mice examined had small-bowel pathology. This animal model of DH will be useful to determine the specificity of the IgA deposits, as well as the pathogenic mechanisms that occur in the skin as a result of gluten ingestion.
Hypoxia and Bedcovers
Authors: Gordon J. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The letter of Major Allen B. King appearing inTheJournalJune 26, 1972, on the subject of hypoxia and hypercapnia 1 from bedcovers was of particular interest to me because it suggests the probable pathophysiology underlying a type of headache that I have studied in a number of patients. This headache may awaken the patient from sleep during the night, or is present upon first awakening in the morning. It is generalized with bifrontal preponderance, and is similar to the headache of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. 2 Because of the timing of its occurrence almost every morning upon awakening or during the night, it frequently raises suspicion of a brain tumor. However, on questioning these patients, it is found that they have the habit, as described by Dr. King, of pulling bedcoverings over the head upon retiring. I have thus referred to the resulting headaches as, turtle
Shakespeare and Psychiatry
Authors: John M. Clum
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A physician friend presented me with a copy of Dr Andreasen's article, "The Artist as Scientist: Psychiatric Diagnosis in Shakespeare's Tragedies" (235:1868, 1976). While I have considerable doubt as to the relevance of Dr Andreasen's relation of modern psychiatry to Shakespearean psychology, I am much more concerned with the carelessness of her scholarship and surprised that such carelessness is acceptable inThe Journal. First, what are Dr Andreasen's sources for her assertions concerning Elizabethan drama and medicine? There are no footnotes and only the skimpiest bibliography. I am surprised to read that<i>The Spanish Tragedie</i>was the first Elizabethan play and more surprised yet to learn that this typical melodrama of courtly intrigue with its obligatory mad character is "a play about insanity." Moreover, the only book on Shakespeare or Elizabethan drama cited in the bibliography is a highly controversial work containing a good deal of conjecture.
A 17-Year-Old Mother Seeking Contraception, 1 Year Later
Authors: Jennifer Daley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In June 1996, at Obstetrics and Gynecology Grand Rounds, Dr David Grimes discussed a 17-year-old woman with a 3-year-old daughter who wanted to prevent pregnancy so that she could finish high school and attend college. Ms B had tried different methods of contraception, but felt she had adverse effects (weight gain and hair loss) from DMPA [depot medroxyprogesterone acetate] and had difficulty remembering to take oral contraceptive pills daily. She had 1 sexual partner, the father of her child, and was using condoms to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Dr Grimes reviewed the prevalence of unintended pregnancy in teenage women and discussed pros and cons of available methods to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. He recommended an intrauterine device for Ms B. <h3>MS B, THE PATIENT</h3> I've been really good. I am graduating from high school this year and am waiting to hear if I get into a local university
Abstract P3-13-01: Primary efficacy endpoint analysis of the CARIN trial: Capecitabine (Cap) and bevacizumab (Bev) with or without vinorelbine (Vin) in first line metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: A Welt, C Lerchenmüller, T Decker, N Marschner, C Salat, S Hegewisch-Becker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In RIBBON-1, the combination of Bev with Cap as 1st-line therapy for MBC significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with Cap alone, with limited impact on tolerability. Vin and Cap are active agents with few overlapping toxicities. The combination of both cytotoxic drugs in phase I/II trials showed good tolerability and promising clinical activity. The CARIN trial aims to further improve efficacy by adding Vin to Cap/Bev to establish a less toxic alternative to taxane-based 1st line therapy. Patients and Methods: CARIN is a multicenter randomized study comparing the efficacy of Cap plus Bev versus the same regimen combined with Vin. From 04/2009 until 10/2012 598 pts in 61 participating centers were randomized (1:1) to receive Cap 1000 mg/m2 bid days 1–14 + Bev 15 mg/kg q3w (Arm A) or Cap/Bev combined with Vin 25 mg/m2 days 1+8 (Arm B). Randomization was stratified by prior therapy with anthracycline and/or taxane (yes/no) and hormone receptor status (ER/PR +/-). Treatment was continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Key eligibility criteria included Her-2 negative metastatic or locally recurrent disease, no prior palliative chemotherapy for MBC, ECOG ≤2, and absence of brain metastases. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included objective response rate, overall survival, and safety &amp; tolerability. Baseline demographics, prior therapy and disease characteristics were well balanced. 21.5% of pts had triple negative BC, 10.6% had bone metastases only. Progression free survival data for the two treatment arms will be compared using a log-rank test. The influence of pretreatment, hormone receptor status and predictive variables on progression free survival will be analyzed within a cox regression model. Results: Data Cleaning and analysis will be complete by October 2013 and results for the primary endpoint PFS and secondary endpoints will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-13-01.
Effect of therapeutic intensification followed by HIV DNA prime and rAd5 boost vaccination on HIV-specific immunity and HIV reservoir (EraMune 02): a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Chad J Achenbach, Lambert Assoumou, Steven G Deeks, Timothy J Wilkin, Baiba Berzins, Joseph P Casazza, Sidonie Lambert-Niclot, Richard A Koup, Dominique Costagliola, Vincent Calvez, Christine Katlama, Brigitte Autran, Robert L Murphy
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2015)
Molecular Pathogenesis of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Implications for Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Kjell Oberg, Oriol Casanovas, Justo P. Castaño, Daniel Chung, Gianfranco Delle Fave, Patrice Denèfle, Philip Harris, Mohid S. Khan, Matthew H. Kulke, Aldo Scarpa, Laura H. Tang, Bertram Wiedenmann
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The treatment landscape and biologic understanding of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has shifted dramatically in recent years. Recent studies have shown that somatostatin analogues have the potential not only to control symptoms of hormone hypersecretion but also have the ability to slow tumor growth in patients with advanced carcinoid. The results of clinical trials have further shown that the VEGF pathway inhibitor sunitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus have efficacy in patients with advanced pancreatic NETs. The efficacy of these targeted therapies in NET suggests that the molecular characterization of NETs may provide an avenue to predict both which patients may benefit most from the treatment and to overcome potential drug resistance. Recent genomic studies of NETs have further suggested that pathways regulating chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modification may play a key role in regulating NET growth. These observations offer the potential for new therapeutic and diagnostic advances for patients with NET.
α-Fetoprotein Screening and the Standard of Care
Authors: Barry D. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Dr Hughey<sup>1</sup>was of great interest to those of us who provide prenatal care in prepaid practice settings. Our university hospital—based prepaid health plan recently reviewed the issue of whether we should offer tests such as α-fetoprotein determinations to our patients. Our review of the literature suggested that we should, and we have been doing so for approximately one year. We believe it is the standard of care to do so.<sup>2-4</sup> We were surprised, therefore, to read that only 15% of the plans surveyed in Dr Hughey's report offer α-fetoprotein testing. We suspect that the low rate reported in the study is related to the time period during which the study was undertaken. Currently, the percentage is probably much higher. Unfortunately, the date of the survey was not included in the report and the article is probably an inaccurate statement of the
Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients With Different Cancers
Authors: Gustavo Reynoso
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cancer-specific antigen described by Gold in 1965. It is a glycoprotein present in malignant entodermal tissues, in fetal colonic mucosa, and in the plasma of patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers. We have measured plasma CEA levels in 346 patients using a new procedure which detects an ion-sensitive antigenic site in the carcinoembryonic molecule. Levels in 39 of 48 patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer and 90 of 281 with nonentodermally derived malignancies were abnormal. Following successful therapy CEA level returns to normal (colon, four of four; neuroblastoma, three of three). The identity between the antigen measured in the present study and the carcinoembryonic antigen of Gold has not been established. The assay appears to be useful in the follow-up of patients with cancer and may eventually be of diagnostic value in the asymptomatic patient.
"If everybody's somebody, then no one's anybody"
Authors: A. G. Zermansky
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ross’s proposal that GPs give up their role in caring for skin disorders to “office dermatologists” is undermined by his statistics.1 He reports that a quarter of the population goes to a GP with a skin problem each year. Even if each attends only once, this accounts for 15 million consultations. He …
Textbook of Gastroenterology
Authors: Frank L. Iber
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The first edition of this already standard text of gastroenterology appeared in 1991. Changes in biology and clinical practice fully support this new edition. This text is different and uniquely strong in its integration of the scientific basis of gastroenterology into all sections and is particularly appropriate for those under age 40 in using the molecular biology they learned in medical school. Those of us over 40 must catch up with the new biology to comprehend pathogenesis and treatment. The first part of the book, some 600 pages and 26 chapters, reviews all the pertinent science on general topics, such as gastrointestinal hormones, epithelia, motility, and electrolyte secretion. These chapters feature frequent tables, schemas of relationships, and understandable cartoons incorporating a wealth of information, rendering comprehensible complex, new, and highly important systems. The second part, some 500 pages and also 26 chapters, moves through the gastrointestinal tract with the approach
Fracture of the exeter stem – A case report
Authors: Colin Shaw, Jaswant Badhesha, Gamada Ayana, Rashid Abu-Rajab
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

The Exeter Stem (Howmedica, UK) has been in use for over 35 years. Over the years it has undergone several modifications with the most recent being a highly polished, tapered stem in 1986. The manufacturers quote a rate of 0.0006%. In the current literature there are 16 (or less) instances of fractures of the Orthinox stem.  We present a case of fracture of an Orthinox Exeter Stem 9 years after insertion.  Our patient, BB, presented, aged 62, with symptoms & signs consistent with OA right hip. THR was performed through a lateral approach utilising a trochanteric osteotomy. A size 0 37.5 stem was inserted. Radiographs were very satisfactory. She suffered a post operative DVT/PTE from which she recovered uneventfully. She was independently mobile at 6 month review and was discharged at the 2 year stage pain free.  Aged 71, BB presented to outpatient clinic with a several month history of generalised groin pain. She had a Trendelenberg gait. Considerable pain was experienced on axial compression of the limb. Radiographs revealed a midstem fracture with cement loosening proximally. No trauma was reported. She underwent revision surgery through a posterior approach. Acetabular component was rigidly fixed. This was revised to a pressfit Trident (Zimmer, UK) cup with screws & polyethylene liner. An extended trochanteric osteotomy was used to remove the broken stem. An uncemented Restoration (Stryker, UK) stem was inserted with a 28mm head. Post-operative recovery was unremarkable and at 6 months osteotomy has healed. The stem was sent to Stryker UK Laboratories for analysis. They reported the stem broke in fatigue with the origin on the antero-lateral surface. No material or manufacturing defects seen. Dimensionally correct. Fracture may be due to abnormal bending stresses secondary to proximal loosening and firm distal fixation.  Our case demonstrates a set of circumstances that led to inevitable fatigue and stem fracture. The method of failure should reinforce the radiograph appearances that may cause concern or be acted upon.
The Use of HIV Antibody Testing by Physicians
Authors: Michael D. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent investigation by Henry and colleagues<sup>1</sup>of the clinical use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests suggests that inappropriate use of this test is alarmingly frequent. Alas, it is unlikely that the charts they reviewed merely reflected deficient documentation rather than deficient practice. Dr Sherer,<sup>2</sup>in his accompanying commentary, eloquently described the dangers of inappropriate use of the test. His admonition to proceed with consent, counseling, confidentiality, and caution is as imperative as it is alliterative. Despite my agreement with Dr Sherer, however, I am troubled by laws that prohibit any HIV testing without prior consent or counseling. I do not want to do harm to my patients by failing to obtain consent or to counsel when those steps are indicated (as they almost always are); but equally, I do not want to do harm to my patients by subjecting them to mandatory but
3D TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DURING DEVICE CLOSURE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ACCURATELY PREDICTS BALLOON SIZE
Authors: David A. Roberson, Vivian (Wei) Cui, Dhaval Patel, Wendy Tsang, Lissa Sugeng, Lynn Weinert, Saroja Bharati, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)