tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemical Plants Remain Vulnerable to Terrorists: A Call to Action
Authors: Tobi Mae Lippin, Thomas H. McQuiston, Kristin Bradley-Bull, Toshiba Burns-Johnson, Linda Cook, Michael L. Gill, Donna Howard, Thomas A. Seymour, Doug Stephens, Brian K. Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

U.S. chemical plants currently have potentially catastrophic vulnerabilities as terrorist targets. The possible consequences of these vulnerabilities echo from the tragedies of the Bhopal incident in 1984 to the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 and, most recently, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Findings from a 2004 nationwide participatory research study of 125 local union leaders at sites with very large volumes of highly hazardous chemicals suggest that voluntary efforts to achieve chemical plant security are not succeeding. Study respondents reported that companies had only infrequently taken actions that are most effective in preventing or in preparing to respond to a terrorist threat. In addition, companies reportedly often failed to involve key stakeholders, including workers, local unions, and the surrounding communities, in these efforts. The environmental health community thus has an opportunity to play a key role in advocating for and supporting improvements in prevention of and preparation for terrorist attacks. Policy-level recommendations to redress chemical site vulnerabilities and the related ongoing threats to the nation's security are as follows: a) specify detailed requirements for chemical site assessment and security ; b) mandate audit inspections supported by significant penalties for cases of noncompliance ; c) require progress toward achieving inherently safer processes, including the minimizing of storage of highly hazardous chemicals ; d) examine and require additional effective actions in prevention, emergency preparedness, and response and remediation ; e) mandate and fund the upgrading of emergency communication systems ; and f) involve workers and community members in plan creation and equip and prepare them to prevent and respond effectively to an incident.
Screening for Microalbuminuria: A comparison of single sample methods of collection and techniques of albumin analysis
Authors: Steve J Schwab, Fredrick L Dunn, Mark N Feinglos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate single-sample urine collections to determine their ability to screen patients for the presence of microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria in patients with type I diabetes predicts the development of diabetic renal disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of single-sample urine collection techniques (first morning void, random upright void) and methods of albumin analysis (RIA, reagent tablet) were compared with conventional 24-h urine collections (RIA). The study included 94 patients (45 males, 49 females; mean serum creatinine 88 μM) with type I diabetes, selected from a screened population of 301 patients from the University Hospital Subspecialty Clinics. RESULTS A 24-hour urine collection RIA analysis for albumin revealed 36 normal patients (&amp;lt; 30 mg), 27 with microalbuminuria (30–300 mg), and 31 with albuminuria (&amp;gt; 300 mg). Random upright urine samples were more sensitive (RIA 89%, tablets 78%) for the detection of microalbuminuria than first morning void specimens (RIA 70%, tablets 60%). Specificity was &amp;gt; 80% with both random and first morning voids. CONCLUSIONS Screening for microalbuminuria can be performed in the clinic by random upright single-sample urine collections. When reagent tablets were used, these results are available immediately. Patients who screen positive should be confirmed by 24-h or other timed urine collections.
Should oxygen be given in myocardial infarction?
Authors: D. Atar
Journal: BMJ (2010)

On the basis of physiological reasons and no trial evidence of harm: yes

A systematic review published this week found no evidence that giving inhaled oxygen to people with acute myocardial infarction improves pain and survival, and that it may even do harm.1 Undoubtedly the medical community will take note of such a conclusion, but are the results reliable and what do they mean for clinical practice?

The review identified three randomised controlled trials that compared giving air with giving oxygen in people with an acute myocardial infarction; 387 people were studied and 14 died. The pooled relative risk of death was 2.88 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 9.39), and this risk was 3.03 (0.93 to 9.83) in an intention-to treat analysis. Pain was also not significantly different between the groups (pooled relative risk 0.97, 0.78 to 1.20).

Methodology was poor in all three of the analysed articles, however. Two studies were performed unblinded,2 3 one was reported …
The Role of Syntrophic Associations in Sustaining Anaerobic Mineralization of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
Authors: Jennifer G. Becker, Gina Berardesco, Bruce E. Rittmann, David A. Stahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Stable associations of syntrophic fermentative organisms and populations that consume fermentation products play key roles in the anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated organic contaminants. The involvement of these syntrophic populations is essential for mineralization of chlorinated aromatic compounds under methanogenic conditions. The fermentative production of low levels of hydrogen (H2) can also be used to selectively deliver a limiting electron donor to dehalogenating organisms and achieve complete dehalogenation of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants such as tetrachloroethene. Thus, tracking the abundance of syntrophically coupled populations should aid in the development and monitoring of sustainable bioremediation strategies. In this study, two complementary nucleic acid-based methods were used to identify and assess relative changes or differences in the abundance of potentially important populations in complex anaerobic microbial communities that mineralized chlorinated aromatic compounds. Population dynamics were related to the consumption and production of key metabolic substrates, intermediates, and products. Syntrophus-like populations were detected in 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading communities derived from sediment or sludge digesters. In the presence of H2-consuming populations, characterized Syntrophus species ferment benzoate, a central intermediate in the anaerobic metabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate and 2-chlorophenol. A DNA probe that targeted characterized Syntrophus species was developed and used to quantify rRNA extracted from the 3-chlorobenzoate- and 2-chlorophenol-degrading communities. The level of rRNA targeted by the Syntrophus-specific probe tracked with the formation of benzoate during metabolism of the parent compounds. Hybridizations with an Archaea-specific probe and/or measurement of methane production demonstrated that methanogens directly benefited from the influx of benzoate-derived electron donors, and the activities of Syntrophus-like and methanogenic populations in the contaminant-degrading communities were closely linked.
A sequential trial of tolbutamide in hypoproteinaemia in adults
Authors: G. S. Mutalik, I. Singh
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Tolbutamide, 1-0 g. daily, has been shown to cause clinical improvement in patients with malnutrition and was associated with an increase in plasma proteins.A definite increase in the glycogen content of the liver with tolbutamide administration in animal experiments has prompted some workers to investi- gate the action of the drug on liver diseases in man.Such an idea was based on the assumption that augmenting glycogen in the liver must have a beneficial effect on the damaged liver.Knick and Emrich (1957) used tolbutamide, 3 g.daily for three to six weeks, in six cases of chronic hepatitis and six cases of liver cirrhosis without diabetes and reported increased appetite, decrease in serum bilirubin, marked restoration to normal of the serum proteins, and improvement in the bromsulphalein test.Improvement in bromsulphalein excretion was also reported in a diabetic patient by Pote, Anderson, and Cochran (1959).Laszlo, Bruckner, Gorgey, and T6th (1959) treated 50 patients suffering from acute hepatitis and found that decrease in serum bilirubin and recovery time were both hastened by tolbut- amide when compared with a similar group of controls.In liver biopsy studies Dobrzanski (1959) noted excess of glycogen in liver cells, diminution of vacuolization of liver cell nuclei, and distinct regression of fatty changes in the liver in 12 tolbut- amide-treated diabetic patients.Singh, Sehra, and Bhargava (1961) treated 55 cases of cirrhosis of the liver suffering from anorexia, emaciation, anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, and gross ascites with tolbutamide and reported improvement in appetite in 45 cases (82 %), control of ascites in 42 cases (76 %), weight gain in 36 cases (66 %), increase in serum proteins in 35 cases (64%), and improvement in the haemogram in 24 cases (44%).Liver-function tests showed moderate improvement in 26 cases (47 %) but there was no deterioration in the remaining 29 cases.Bhattacharyya and Mandal (1963) reported comparable results in 10 cases of cirrhosis of the liver from the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine.Under tolbutamide therapy on July 11,
Campylobacter pyloridis and associated gastritis: investigator blind, placebo controlled trial of bismuth salicylate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate.
Authors: C A McNulty, J C Gearty, B Crump, M Davis, I A Donovan, V Melikian, D M Lister, R Wise
Journal: BMJ (1986)

An investigator blind trial was performed comparing bismuth salicylate, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and placebo in the treatment of Campylobacter pyloridis associated gastritis in patients without peptic ulceration. Fifty patients fulfilled the study criteria. There was a strong correlation between the presence of C pyloridis and histologically confirmed gastritis. Clearance of organisms led to improvement of the gastritis. C pyloridis was cleared from 15 patients; of these, 13 had gastritis initially, which resolved in 12. Conversely, gastritis resolved in only four of 32 patients not cleared of organisms (p less than 0.0001). There was significantly greater improvement in endoscopic appearances in the patients cleared of C pyloridis compared with those whose infection persisted (p less than 0.001). In the three treatment groups organisms were cleared from 14 of 18 patients receiving the locally active bismuth salicylate, only one of 15 patients receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and none of 17 patients taking placebo. These findings suggest that the ideal antimicrobial for the successful eradication of C pyloridis associated gastritis should be locally active, stable at low pH, and should penetrate gastric mucus. The resolution of gastritis and improvement in endoscopic appearances associated with clearance of C pyloridis support the view that these organisms may play a part in this condition.
Phenytoin and Glucose Utilization
Authors: Arlan L. Rosenbloom
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "New Uses for Phenytoin" (233:1385, 1975) credits our report<sup>1</sup>with the observation that impaired glucose utilization results from "supertherapeutic" doses of phenytoin. We are further credited with the observation that this related to depressed insulin output. Although Walson et al duly note that hyperglycemia from therapy with this drug has been described only in association with neurologic toxicity, insufficient note is made of our actual findings and their confirmation.<sup>2</sup> Long-term therapy with phenytoin in our twenty 8- to 18-year-old patients and in Castleden and Richens' sixteen 19- to 40-year-old patients was not associated with any significant difference in glucose tolerance or insulin response compared to appropriate control subjects. Thus, it needs to be emphasized that chronic therapy, even when it achieves blood levels of phenytoin comparable to those that acutely produce depression of insulin secretion,<sup>3</sup>does not result in abnormality in glucose tolerance
SEMINAL VESICLE AND PROSTATIC FOCI IN PELVIC, PERIRECTAL AND ISCHIORECTAL SUPPURATION IN MALES
Authors: J. H. MORRISSEY
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Numerous observers reporting results and studies on the treatment of vesicosigmoidal and vesico-intestinal fistulas seem to be agreed that these conditions are essentially inflammatory in origin. It was at first believed that malignant conditions of the intestine with extension to the bladder were the common cause of these fistulas. Cripps, quoted by all writers on the subject, states that research into the subject shows indisputably that enterovesical fistulas are far more commonly the result of inflammatory mischief and thus are rendered more favorable as to prognosis than could have been anticipated.  ETIOLOGY AND SEX INCIDENCE  In his sixty-eight cases, forty-eight were demonstrated as inflammatory and two traumatic; nine were cancerous and nine doubtful. In the study of the subject, conclusive evidence was obtained that would indicate the fistulas to be the direct result of an abscess opening into both the bladder and the bowel. For weeks or months the patients
The Delayed-action Stab
Authors: H. M. Windsor
Journal: BMJ (1957)

INTRAHEPATIC CALCIFICATIONBWTISH MEtDICAL JOURNAL amoebiasis.The appearances on radiography vary and may show single or multiple calcified areas, but rarely so clean- cut and regular as in cases of hydatid disease.Gummatous Calcification.-This is rare, and shows as irregular area of calcification in association with stigmata of the disease process elsewhere.Hepatic Cysts.-These are very rare, and it is uncommon for them to be calcified so as to be visible on radiography.They may be single or multiple, but are much smaller than the previously discussed lesions.Haemangiomata and Lymphangiomata.-Thesemay be large or small, single or multiple.There is often evidence of similar lesions elsewhere in the body; and those of the liver, when calcified, show as circumscribed areas in which fronds of calcium appear to radiate from a central point like the spokes of a wheel.Calcified Tuberculoma.-Thisalso is rare, and there is usually evidence of the disease process elsewhere.Radio- logically it is revealed as a spherical shadow, dense in the centre, with a translucent surrounding zone or moat.Such lesions are usually small.Tiny multiple foci of calcification may appear in rare cases of " healed " miliary tuberculosis.Primary Neoplasms of Liver.-These may occasionally show as irregularly calcified areas.Secondary Deposits.-Occasionallymetastases may calcify, but evidence elsewhere of the primary lesion points to the diagnosis.Hepatic Calculi.-These are extremely rare and very minute.They may be multiple or single.Other Causes.-Hodgkin'sdisease, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, eclampsia, and disease with bony destruc- tion have all been reported as giving rise to intrahepatic calcification on occasion, although in each case the appro- priate diagnosis can be reached by concurrent signs of the disease elsewhere.The case described is felt to be one of amoebic origin in view of the past history of amboebiasis and in the absence of evidence of venereological disease, reticulosis, neoplasm, tuberculosis, or hydatid disease.The size, shape, and con- figuration of the area of calcification do not conform with the typical appearances of haemangioma, and there was no evidence of such lesions elsewhere.The fact that the lesion was so large and solitary virtually rules out hepatic cysts and calculi.The finding of a positive hydatid com- plement-fixation test, titre 1:4, is not felt to be relevant in this case in view of the low titre, negative Cassoni test, and absence of any other evidence of hydatid disease.The complement-fixation test is said to give 83% reliable positive results in hydatid disease in which the embryo is alive.The case here recorded showed an apparently completely inert lesion of the liver, and, although it is appreciated that hydatid disease cannot be completely ruled out, on balance of available evidence calcification of an amoebic abscess appears the more likely.Summary A case of intrahepatic calcification thought to be subsequent to amoebiasis is reported.The differential diagnosis is discussed briefly.
Attacks on healthcare professionals risk health of millions, says Red Cross
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Attacks on healthcare professionals risk health of millions, says Red Cross Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
A simple technique for establishing cultures of epithelial cells
Authors: J. Wells
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article A simple technique for establishing cultures of epithelial cells Get access J. Wells J. Wells Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Berkeley Gloucestershire 13 9PB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 4, 1 October 1982, Pages 481–482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00392.x Published: 01 October 1982 Article history Accepted: 05 January 1982 Published: 01 October 1982
URETERAL STONE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE IN THE PELVIC URETER
Authors: J. H. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1915)

CALCULI in the urinary tract nowadays.present few-diffi- culties in diagnosis and treatmient for tlle expert; but for the unwary there are many pitfalls.All practitioners do not possess the facilities for detailed examinations wlich tlle specialist provides or lhas at Ihis command.We have not yet come to the time in this country when the surgeon works in conjunction witlh a skilled pathologist and radio- logist.Too mnuch is left to the responsibility of one individual, anid, unless some definite routine is followed, tlle clhances are that mistakes in diagnosis and in treatfient will occur.Unfortunate sufferers from ureteral stone have far too frequently been submuitted to operations witli a diagnosis of appendicitis or inflalned ovary, or even mobile kidney, and lhave had the presumably offending organ removed or stitched in place.The patient, instead of being relieved.becomes morbidly depressed from the continued pain.Even now his real condition may be misunderstood, and ile is classed as a neurotic or neurasthenic, or something equally unfair, until at last he seeks other advice or is lucky enouglh to pass the stone.Tile ureter is about 30 cn. long, with a diamneter of 5 mm.It may be divided into two parts: (1) abdominal,(2) pelvic.The abdominal part runs almost vertically on the psoas muscle, from the lower-level of the first lunmbar vertebra-to the sacro-iliac joint.In nearlv the whole of its course it lies just beneath the peritoneum, to wlilich it is united by connective tissue, so that wlhen the peritoneum is stripped the ureter comes away with it.Tllc abdominal ureter is crossed obliquely by tlle spermatic or ovarian vessels, while tlle genito-femoral nerve passes belhind it.Tlle relations of the pelvic ureter differ according to tile sex.Tllis part miay be subdivided into a parietal and visceral portion.The parietal part takes a cu:rved course in botli sexes to tile iscllial spine; it is covered on its medial aspect by the peritoneuim, and laterally is in rela- tion to tlle lhypogastric vessels.This part is 10 to 12 cm. in lengtlh, and ill tlle female it usually forms the posterior and lo'wer boundary of tlle ovarian fossa.Tile visceral portion in tile nale is crossed by the vas deferens, and is divisible into an extravesical and an intravesical portion.The extravesical part lies above the seminal vesicle, and is closely related to the vesical plexus of veins.After a course of one or two cubic centimietres it passes obliquely tlhrough the lbladder wall, termiinating at the orificium ureteris.In tlle female tlle visceral part is longer tlhan in the male, and lies in relation to tile uterus and vaaina, as well as to tlle bladder.As tlfe ureter traverses tile bladdder (~~~~~..
Tranylcypromine Sulfate Therapy
Authors: Joseph W. Leonard, Ray W. Gifford, Guy H. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1964)

TRANYLCYPROMINE (Parnate) sulfate, a non-hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (trans, d,1-2-phenylcyclopropylamine sulfate), is used in the treatment of mental depression. The following adverse reactions have been reported to result from treatment with this drug: restlessness, insomnia, dizziness, headache, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, diarrhea, constipation, dermatitis, palpitations, hypertension, photophobia, leg cramps, tachycardia, edema, and hypotension, the latter occurring predominantly in hypertensive patients. Paroxysmal hypertension and severe headache have sometimes been associated with intracranial hemorrhage and death. Such reactions are characterized by a severe occipital headache which may radiate frontally, palpitation, stiffness of the neck, nausea, vomiting, sweating (sometimes with fever or cold, clammy skin), and photophobia. Either tachycardia or bradycardia may occur, and constricting chest pain and dilated pupils have been noted.<sup>1,2</sup> The following case prompted us to review the adverse effects of tranylcypromine. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old white male engineer registered at the Cleveland Clinic on June 6,
Ultra-low Dose Interleukin-2 Promotes Immune-modulating Function of Regulatory T Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sawa Ito, Catherine M Bollard, Mattias Carlsten, Jan Joseph Melenhorst, Angélique Biancotto, Ena Wang, Jinguo Chen, Yuri Kotliarov, Foo Cheung, Zhi Xie, Francesco Marincola, Kazushi Tanimoto, Minoo Battiwalla, Matthew J Olnes, Shira Perl, Paula Schum, Thomas E Hughes, Keyvan Keyvanfar, Nancy Hensel, Pawel Muranski, Neal S Young, A John Barrett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) expands regulatory T cells (Tregs) and natural killer (NK) cells after stem cell transplantation (SCT) and may reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We hypothesized that ultra-low dose (ULD) IL-2 could serve as an immune-modulating agent for stem cell donors to prevent GVHD following SCT. However, the safety, dose level, and immune signatures of ULD IL-2 in immune-competent healthy subjects remain unknown. Here, we have characterized the phenotype and function of Tregs and NK cells as well as the gene expression and cytokine profiles of 21 healthy volunteers receiving 50,000 to 200,000 units/m(2)/day IL-2 for 5 days. ULD IL-2 was well tolerated and induced a significant increase in the frequency of Tregs with increased suppressive function. There was a marked expansion of CD56(bright) NK cells with enhanced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Serum cytokine profiling demonstrated increase of IFN-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10). Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in a highly restricted set of genes, including FOXP3, IL-2RA, and CISH. This is the first study to evaluate global immune-modulating function of ULD IL-2 in healthy subjects and to support the future studies administrating ULD IL-2 to stem cell donors.