tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of treatment on fibrin microclot generation in psoriasis
Authors: L. JUHLI, C. VAHLQUIST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The in vitro formation of fibrin microclots in blood from patients with psoriasis was studied before, during and after treatment. When a bacterial lipopolysaccharide was added to the blood, the microclot test was positive in o% of controls, in 17% of the patients with untreated slight psoriasis and in 100% of those with severe psoriasis. A positive test without added lipopolysaccharide indicates the presence of circulating endotoxins. It was negative in all patients with slight psoriasis but positive in 75% of those with a severe form. During treatment the microclots decreased concurrently with clinical improvement in 79% of the patients. After treatment, eleven patients still had a positive test and nine of these patients showed a relapse within 1‐2 months. Warfarin treatment rapidly inhibited microclot formation but this had little or no effect on the psoriatic lesions. High doses of potent corticosteroids under occlusion inhibited microclot formation for some hours. It seems likely that there may be a release of endotoxins in severe psoriasis which is decreased during successful treatment.
An extension of STARD statements for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies on liver fibrosis tests: The Liver-FibroSTARD standards
Authors: Jérôme Boursier, Victor de Ledinghen, Thierry Poynard, Jérôme Guéchot, Fabrice Carrat, Vincent Leroy, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Mireen Friedrich-Rust, Mirella Fraquelli, Mario Plebani, Giada Sebastiani, Robert Myers, Paul Angulo, Sandrine Bertrais, Dominique Wendum, Ivan Bricault, Paul Calès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Re: Francesco Montorsi, Gerald Brock, Jay Lee, et al. Effect of Nightly versus On-Demand Vardenafil on Recovery of Erectile Function in Men Following Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008;54:924–31
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra
Journal: European Urology (2008)
THE INDICATIONS FOR PLASTIC SURGERY UPON THE CERVIX UTERI, TRACHELOPLASTY, WITH A NEW METHOD OF OPERATING.
Authors: H. P. NEWMAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The operation known as trachelorrhaphy or Emmet's operation, has been in vogue for thirty-five years. It has had a brilliant history and has won honors for the originator wherever gynecology is practiced, but like many good things it is not only capable of improvement, but has of late been quite generally superseded by operations in the nature of amputation; plastic work looking toward removal of diseased tissue, restoration of organic function, and remodeling of the cervix to as nearly normal outlines as possible. These operations are commonly known as amputation of the cervix, but only for want of a better name, since it suggests the crudeness of the former excision of the neck of the uterus, and in no way conveys all that is comprehended in the newer work. There is a wave of interest abroad concerning these improved methods, and many reports of admirable work are being made in
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia — New Concepts
Authors: H. Phillip Koeffler, David W. Golde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

CHRONIC myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder arising from neoplastic transformation at the level of the pluripotent stem cell and characterized clinically by a marked overproduction of granulocytes. The disease was probably first identified in 1845 by Craigie,1 Bennett,2 and Virchow,3 who called attention to the prominent splenomegaly and "suppuration of the blood." In 1960, Nowell and Hungerford described an abnormal, small chromosome (the Philadelphia, or Ph1, chromosome) in patients with this disorder.4 Because of the typical clinical picture and the specific chromosomal abnormality, CML is perhaps the best defined of the myeloproliferative disorders. In western countries, . . .
The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia
Authors: Josep M. Argil�s, Francisco J. L�pez-Soriano
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

A large number of observations point towards cytokines, polypeptides released mainly by immune cells, as the molecules responsible for the metabolic derangements associated with cancer-bearing states. Indeed, these alterations lead to a pathological state known as cancer cachexia which is, unfortunately, one of the worst effects of malignancy, accounting for nearly a third of cancer deaths. It is characterized by weight loss together with anorexia, weakness, anemia, and asthenia. The complications associated with the appearance of the cachectic syndrome affect both the physiological and biochemical balance of the patient and have effects on the efficiency of the anticancer treatment, resulting in a considerably decreased survival time. At the metabolic level, cachexia is associated with loss of skeletal muscle protein together with a depletion of body lipid stores. The cachectic patient, in addition to having practically no adipose tissue, is basically subject to an important muscle wastage manifested as an excessive nitrogen loss. The metabolic changes are partially mediated by alterations in circulating hormone concentrations (insulin, glucagon, and glucocorticoids in particular) or in their effectiveness. The present study reviews the involvement of different cytokines in the metabolic and physiological alterations associated with tumor burden and cachexia. Among these cytokines, some can be considered as procachectic (such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha), while others having opposite effects can be named as anticachectic cytokines. It is the balance between these two cytokine types that finally seems to have a key role in cancer cachexia.
The influence of the scaffold design on the distribution of adhering cells after perfusion cell seeding
Authors: Ferry P.W. Melchels, Beatrice Tonnarelli, Andy L. Olivares, Ivan Martin, Damien Lacroix, Jan Feijen, David J. Wendt, Dirk W. Grijpma
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)

In natural tissues, the extracellular matrix composition, cell density and physiological properties are often non-homogeneous. Here we describe a model system, in which the distribution of cells throughout tissue engineering scaffolds after perfusion seeding can be influenced by the pore architecture of the scaffold. Two scaffold types, both with gyroid pore architectures, were designed and built by stereolithography: one with isotropic pore size (412 ± 13 μm) and porosity (62 ± 1%), and another with a gradient in pore size (250-500 μm) and porosity (35%-85%). Computational fluid flow modelling showed a uniform distribution of flow velocities and wall shear rates (15-24 s(-1)) for the isotropic architecture, and a gradient in the distribution of flow velocities and wall shear rates (12-38 s(-1)) for the other architecture. The distribution of cells throughout perfusion-seeded scaffolds was visualised by confocal microscopy. The highest densities of cells correlated with regions of the scaffolds where the pores were larger, and the fluid velocities and wall shear rates were the highest. Under the applied perfusion conditions, cell deposition is mainly determined by local wall shear stress, which, in turn, is strongly influenced by the architecture of the pore network of the scaffold.
Different structures for concepts of individuals, stuffs, and real kinds: One Mama, more milk, and many mice
Authors: Paul Bloom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Although our concepts of “Mama,” “milk,” and “mice” have much in common, the suggestion that they are identical in structure in the mind of the prelinguistic child is mistaken. Even infants think about objects as different from substances and appreciate the distinction between kinds (e.g., mice) and individuals (e.g., Mama). Such cognitive capacities exist in other animals as well, and have important adaptive consequences.
Expression profiles of 151 pediatric low-grade gliomas reveal molecular differences associated with location and histological subtype
Authors: Guillaume Bergthold, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Yujin Hoshida, Shakti Ramkissoon, Lori Ramkissoon, Benjamin Rich, Cecile L. Maire, Brenton R. Paolella, Steven E. Schumacher, Barbara Tabak, Ruben Ferrer-Luna, Memet Ozek, Aydin Sav, Sandro Santagata, Patrick Yung Wen, Liliana C. Goumnerova, Azra H. Ligon, Charles Stiles, Rosalind Segal, Todd Golub, Jacques Grill, Keith L. Ligon, Jennifer A. Chan, Mark W. Kieran, Rameen Beroukhim
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs), the most frequent pediatric brain tumor, comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. Recent genomic analyses suggest that these tumors are mostly driven by mitogene-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alterations. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics inherent to their clinical and histological heterogeneity. We performed gene expression profiling on 151 paraffin-embedded PLGGs from different locations, ages, and histologies. Using unsupervised and supervised analyses, we compared molecular features with age, location, histology, and BRAF genomic status. We compared molecular differences with normal pediatric brain expression profiles to observe whether those patterns were mirrored in normal brain. Unsupervised clustering distinguished 3 molecular groups that correlated with location in the brain and histological subtype. "Not otherwise specified" (NOS) tumors did not constitute a unified class. Supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) were significantly enriched with genes involved in pathways related to inflammatory activity compared with infratentorial tumors. Differences based on tumor location were not mirrored in location-dependent differences in expression within normal brain tissue. We identified significant differences between supratentorial PAs and diffuse astrocytomas as well as between supratentorial PAs and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors but not between supratentorial PAs and gangliogliomas. Similar expression patterns were observed between childhood and adolescent PAs. We identified differences between BRAF-duplicated and V600E-mutated tumors but not between primary and recurrent PLGGs. Expression profiling of PLGGs reveals significant differences associated with tumor location, histology, and BRAF genomic status. Supratentorial PAs, in particular, are enriched in inflammatory pathways that appear to be tumor-related.
Levels of Blood-coagulation Factors During Anticoagulant Therapy with Phenindione
Authors: K. W. Denson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The complex mechanism of the factors concerned in blood coagulation has been investigated in many ways, not least among these being a study of such factors during anticoagulant therapy, and by the use of plasma from patients treated with anticoagulant drugs in cross mixture experiments with plasma from patients having congenital coagulation defects. Earlier results from such investigations indicated a simple deficiency of prothrombin and  VII. It is now known, however, that Christmas factor (Douglas, 1955; Biggs, 1956; Naeye, 1957), plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Naeye, 1957), and Prower-Stuart factor (Telfer, Denson, and Wright, 1956; Hougie, Barrow, and Graham, 1957; Denson, 1958) are all reduced. Factor X* (Duckert, Fliickiger, Matter, and Koller, 1955) is also reduced early in therapy. The existence of the latter factor as a separate entity, however, has not been estab lished, and it is probably an intermediate product of thromboplastin formation. Horder (1958) studied levels of factor VII, Prower Stuart factor, and prothrombin, together with the partial thromboplastin time, and thromboplastin generation in one case receiving anticoagulant therapy with the coumarin derivative phenprocoumon ( marcoumar; 4-hydroxy-3-(1-phenylpropyl)coumarin). Hicks and Bonnin (1959) compared the reduction in plasma thromboplastic factors, the one-stage prothrombin time, and the two-stage prothrombin levels in several cases receiving anticoagulant therapy with different drugs, and concluded that the one-stage assay provided an adequate measure of the reduction in thromboplastic factors.
TCT-586 Impact Of Restenosis Pattern On Angiographical Outcomes After Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty For Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis
Authors: Shunsuke Kubo, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Naoki Oka, Harumi Katoh, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Experimental sympathetic activation causes endothelial injury in the rabbit thoracic aorta via beta 1-adrenoceptor activation.
Authors: K Pettersson, B Bejne, H Björk, W B Strawn, G Bondjers
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Sympathetic activation appears to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, an effect that may be inhibited by beta-receptor blockade. It is unclear, however, which mechanisms mediate this effect. In view of the significance attached to endothelial injury in the initial phases of atherogenesis, we decided to test whether sympathetic activation might lead to an increase in endothelial injury. Chloralose anesthesia was used to induce sympathetic activation and the presence of intracellular IgG as a criterion of endothelial cell injury. The beta 1-selective beta-blocker metoprolol was used to evaluate if the effect(s) of sympathetic activation might be mediated by beta 1-adrenoceptors. In normal rabbits, the frequency of injured endothelial cells in unbranched areas of the thoracic aorta was 0.23%, compared with 1.93% in circumostial areas. Chloralose anesthesia caused significant increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine, that is, caused sympathetic activation, and led to an approximately fivefold increase in the number of injured cells both in unbranched and in circumostial areas. This increase was totally inhibited by metoprolol pretreatment, indicating that it was mediated by beta 1-receptors. These observations suggest one possible mechanism that may connect sympathetic activation with atherogenesis and explain why beta-blockade protects against atherosclerosis.
S114 A double blind, placebo controlled, randomised, study to assess the effects of placebo, codeine and Talnetant, on citric acid cough threshold in healthy subjects
Authors: S. Khalid, A. Woodcock, B. Haumann, P. Ventresca, S. J. Langley, J. A. Smith
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous studies have shown a reduction in cough response to inhaled citric acid after blocking NK1, NK2 and also NK3 receptors in guinea pigs. NK3 receptor may be more relevant to study the role of tachykinins in cough due to their greater specificity for its agonist neurokinin B. We studied a specific NK3 receptor antagonist Talnetant to determine the effect on the human cough reflex sensitivity to citric acid in healthy individuals. Oral codeine and placebo were included as comparators. <h3>Methods</h3> Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, 4-period cross-over study in non-smoking healthy adult volunteers. A total of 28 subjects (12M, 16F) with mean age of 33 years (SD 10.5, range 22–55) were studied. Each subject received A. matched placebos; B. Talnetant 200 mg; C.Talnetant 25 mg; D. Codeine 60 mg, in a double blind double dummy manner. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment sequences (ABCD, BCDA, DCAB, BDCA). Each study period was 24 h with citric-acid challenges performed at 2, 6, 10 and 24 h post dose and a 7 day washout period between treatments. <h3>Results</h3> There was no significant difference in logC5 Citric acid between Talnetant 25 mgs, 200 mgs and placebo at any time point (see Abstract S114 Figure 1). The ‘positive’ control codeine had a non-significant trend for improvement in logC5 compared to placebo (all confidence intervals contained unity). Talantent was adequately absorbed with sustained blood levels at time points designed to coincide with the cough challenges. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In healthy volunteers, Talnetant had no significant effect on cough reflex sensitivity to citric acid despite an adequately powered study and sufficient systemic drug exposure. Possible explanations for this lack of efficacy are (1) NK3 receptors do not play an appreciable role in the healthy human cough reflex or (2) the role of NK3 receptors may be limited to the central nervous system where Talnetant has limited penetrance and receptor occupancy. Whilst this study suggests predominantly peripherally acting NK3 receptor antagonists do not influence the cough reflex in healthy volunteers, a significant effect in patients with a hypersensitive cough reflex cannot be excluded and this class of drugs may yet prove to have anti-tussive properties, especially with improved central activity.
Landmark article May 1, 1967: Infectious hepatitis. Evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. By Saul Krugman, Joan P. Giles, and Jack Hammond
Authors: S. Krugman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The identification of two types of infectious hepatitis with distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological features provided an explanation for the occurrence of second attacks of the disease. One type resembled classical infectious hepatitis (IH); it was characterized by an incubation period of 30 to 38 days, a relatively short period of abnormal serum transaminase activity (3 to 19 days), a consistently abnormal thymol turbidity, and a high degree of contagion. The other type resembled serum hepatitis (SH); it was characterized by a longer incubation period (41 to 108 days), a longer period of abnormal transaminase activity (35 to 200 days) and a relatively normal thymol turbidity. Contrary to commonly accepted concepts, the SH type was moderately contagious. Patients with IH type were later proved to be immune to the same type. Patients with the SH type were not immune to the IH type infection.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) Treated With 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT
Authors: William Makis, Karey McCann, Alexander J.B. McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Two patients diagnosed with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were referred for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu-[DOTA,Tyr]octreotate (DOTATATE). Each patient was treated with 4 doses of Lu-DOTATATE given 2 months apart. One patient achieved stable disease for 10 months then chose to pursue surgery, and the other achieved stable disease for 9 months on imaging; however, calcitonin continued to rise. The use of Lu-DOTATATE PRRT therapy in the management of MTC warrants further research.
Exoneration of Dr. Smith
Authors: William H. Sprunt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The decision of the Judicial Council regarding the activities of Dr. Charles E. Smith, is quite revealing (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:36 [July 6] 1963). It illustrates the uselessness of the Principles of Medical Ethics in all their artificial obtuseness. As a friend of mine is fond of saying, it always comes back to a matter of fundamental honesty in the individual. It would be a mistake for the AMA to attempt to alter the Principles of Medical Ethics in order to protect physicians who might be perverted by or used as tools for political purposes. Let the medical profession learn what the lawmakers never have: Laws, being man-made, never solve any problem of social behavior. The great superstition of this century is belief in the curative power of legislation. As a matter of fact, we would be grateful for physicians with the courage of Dr. Smith. He should
STUDIES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Peter C. Nowell, Darcy B. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The life history, within the rat, of lymphocytes responsive to histocompatibility isoantigens in the mixed lymphocyte interaction was examined by the use of in vivo labeling with tritiated thymidine and radioautography. Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and H-ARC (mitotic figures in the MLI) were compared with respect to the frequency of labeled cells and the median grain count. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: (a) Although some can be considered long-lived, the majority of H-ARC are the products of recent divisions in the body. (b) Adult thymectomy does not eliminate the production of long-lived lymphocytes, some of which are H-ARC. Hence, in addition to direct origin in the thymus, H-ARC, as well as other lymphocytes of the long-lived lymphocyte population, may derive from already existing thymus-derived cells in the circulation and thymus-dependent areas of the secondary lymphoid tissues. (c) Sublethal X-irradiation (600 R) in combination with adult thymectomy does not eliminate the capacity to produce some long-lived lymphocytes, however, few if any are H-ARC. (d) H-ARC and other long-lived lymphocytes appear to go through a series of rapid multiple divisions before they enter the circulation. Thereafter, long-lived lymphocytes appear to undergo intermittent single divisions which decrease both the frequency and median grain count of labeled cells gradually with time. On the other hand, labeled H-ARC maintain a more stable grain count despite a rapid decrease in frequency with time. This is taken to indicate that H-ARC are less likely to undergo occasional single divisions during their life-span, but may undergo periodic rapid sequential divisions. A speculative model is developed from these data on the life history of H-ARC which may be of predictive value in future studies and which can be tested against known facts.
Evaluation of Trauma With Angiograph-Reply
Authors: Helen C. Redman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Dr Gaspar's comments about the hazards accompanying a diagnosis of arterial spasm are true. From the angiographic point of view, however, spasm is a tenable diagnosis. In both of the cases that are illustrated, peripheral pulses were present and arterial injury was not seriously considered clinically, although in the case illustrated in my Fig 1, it was felt advisable to rule out any major injury. Dr Gaspar and I differ in that I feel that intimal destruction presents a very different angiographic picture from the slight smooth narrowings that are illustrated in my Fig 1 and 2. An intimal flap is frequently seen, and there may be a short section of dissection. Contusion presents a much more irregular arterial narrowing.
OBSERVATIONS ON TETANY IN DOGS
Authors: David Marine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Accessory parathyroid tissue unassociated with the thyroid lobes is present in 5 to 6 per cent. of dogs. For the determination of the presence of accessory parathyroid tissue there are two tests: (1) the anatomical, often entailing serial sections of the neck and upper thoracic structures, and (2) the biological, consisting of the daily use of some calcium salt for two to three weeks. The latter is more easily carried out and more accurate. In the absence of all parathyroid tissue calcium salts will not save the animal's life, while in the presence of active parathyroid tissue calcium will save it. Many factors other than the amount of parathyroid tissue removed influence the onset of tetany, among which are age, pregnancy, lactation, rachitis, the administration of sulphur, and diet. Pregnancy and lactation tetany in dogs resembles in all essentials parathyroid tetany. Our observations are in harmony with those who hold that the thyroid and parathyroid are independent structures as regards their anatomy, physiology, and pathology. The removal of the parathyroids immediately lowers alimentary sugar tolerance, but rarely to the degree of constant glycosuria. In sharp contrast with thyroid substance in myxedema, the feeding of parathyroid substance fresh or dried by mouth is of no value in the parathyroid tetanies of dogs. Calcium salts have a striking palliative effect on parathyroid tetany and preventative action in tiding over otherwise fatal cases, but are in no sense curative. The mode of action is unknown. There is some evidence that calcium salts directly influence the parathyroid gland.