tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conferring indirect allospecificity on CD4+CD25+ Tregs by TCR gene transfer favors transplantation tolerance in mice
Authors: Julia Yuen-Shan Tsang, Yakup Tanriver, Shuiping Jiang, Shao-An Xue, Kulachelvy Ratnasothy, Daxin Chen, Hans J. Stauss, R. Pat Bucy, Giovanna Lombardi, Robert Lechler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

T cell responses to MHC-mismatched transplants can be mediated via direct recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules on the cells of the transplant or via recognition of allogeneic peptides presented on the surface of recipient APCs in recipient MHC molecules - a process known as indirect recognition. As CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs play an important role in regulating alloresponses, we investigated whether mouse Tregs specific for allogeneic MHC molecules could be generated in vitro and could promote transplantation tolerance in immunocompetent recipient mice. Tregs able to directly recognize allogeneic MHC class II molecules (dTregs) were obtained by stimulating CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)) with allogeneic DCs from BALB/c mice (H-2(d)). To generate Tregs that indirectly recognized allogeneic MHC class II molecules, dTregs were retrovirally transduced with TCR genes conferring specificity for H-2K(d) presented by H-2A(b) MHC class II molecules. The dual direct and indirect allospecificity of the TCR-transduced Tregs was confirmed in vitro. In mice, TCR-transduced Tregs, but not dTregs, induced long-term survival of partially MHC-mismatched heart grafts when combined with short-term adjunctive immunosuppression. Further, although dTregs were only slightly less effective than TCR-transduced Tregs at inducing long-term survival of fully MHC-mismatched heart grafts, histologic analysis of long-surviving hearts demonstrated marked superiority of the TCR-transduced Tregs. Thus, Tregs specific for allogeneic MHC class II molecules are effective in promoting transplantation tolerance in mice, which suggests that such cells have clinical potential.
Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions*
Authors: ALLAN MUNCK, PAUL M. GUYRE, NIKKI J. HOLBROOK
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

Almost any kind of threat to homeostasis or stress will cause plasma glucocorticoid levels to rise. The increased levels have traditionally been ascribed the physiological function of enhancing the organism's resistance to stress, a role well recognized in glucocorticoid therapy. How the known physiological and pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids might accomplish this function, however, remains a mystery. A generalization that is beginning to emerge is that many of these effects may be secondary to modulation by glucocorticoids of the actions of numerous intercellular mediators, including established hormones, prostaglandins and other arachidonic acid metabolites, certain secreted neutral proteinases, lymphokines, and a variety of bioactive peptides. These mediators participate in physiological mechanisms--endocrine, renal, immune, neural, etc.--that mount a first line of defense against such challenges to homeostasis as hemorrhage, metabolic disturbances, infection, anxiety, and others. Contrary to the traditional view that glucocorticoids enhance these defense mechanisms, however, it has become increasingly clear that glucocorticoids at moderate to high levels generally suppress them. This paradox, which first emerged when glucocorticoids were discovered to be antiinflammatory agents, remains a major obstacle to a unified picture of glucocorticoid function. We propose that stress-induced increases in glucocorticoid levels protect not against the source of stress itself but rather against the body's normal reactions to stress, preventing those reactions from overshooting and themselves threatening homeostasis. This hypothesis, the seeds of which are to be found in many discussions of particular glucocorticoid effects, immediately accounts for the paradox noted above. Furthermore, it provides glucocorticoid physiology with a unified conceptual framework that can accommodate such apparently unrelated physiological and pharmacological effects as those on carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory processes, shock, and water balance. It also leads us to suggest that some of the enzymes rapidly induced by glucocorticoids, such as glutamine synthetase, detoxify mediators released during stress-induced activation of primary defense mechanisms. These mediators would themselves lead to tissue damage if left unchecked.
Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in severe COPD
Authors: L. Mascitelli, F. Pezzetta, M. R. Goldstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, ALBERT and CALVERLEY [1] analysed the treatment approaches in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).However, they did not mention the effect of the inhibition of the reninangiotensin system (RAS) in this setting.Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is present in very high concentrations in the lungs, and its activity is further increased by chronic hypoxia [2,3].Indeed, in patients with COPD, lower ACE activity may improve the efficiency of the peripheral use of oxygen and respiratory muscle function [3,4].
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and life-threatening hypokalaemic tetraparesis: a rare complication
Authors: B.D. De Silva, W. Plant, D. Kemmett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We describe a patient with lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with high titres of anti‐Ro and anti‐La antibodies who developed a rapidly progressive flaccid tetraparesis due to profound hypokalaemia. After investigation she was found to have distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) without pathological evidence of lupus nephritis. It is likely that her dRTA was a manifestation of associated Sjögren's syndrome, which had been otherwise asymptomatic. This is the first report of such a complication in the dermatological literature.
USE OLD INNER TUBES FOR ICE BAGS
Authors: Kirk W. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In line of conservation, I have for some time past substituted for the ice bag and coil varied lengths of old or discarded inner auto tubes. Parts of these tubes, cut crosswise in lengths varying from a few inches to 2 or more feet, filled with cracked ice and the ends tied with tape, make an ideal ice pack or coil which can be accommodated to any region of the body and, indeed, is to be preferred to the old ice bag, which quickly gets out of order and is expensive. Any small or even large leaks or "blow-outs" can be closed with adhesive plaster. For the extremities, such a coil is especially valuable in completely encircling the part. Parts cut lengthwise and sterilized can, in an emergency and in the absence of other rubber tissue, be utilized for drains and impervious coverings, and a long length held in front
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan is Safe and Highly Effective in the Elderly with Relapsed/Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: T. Uchida, T. Suzuki, Y. Harada, E. Matsubara, T. Aoki, T. Morishita, I. Nanbu, M. Nakamura, M. Ogura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The Changing Legal World of Adolescence
Authors: Patricia Wald
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In this short (160 pages), readable book, Zimring develops  thesis that, just as physical maturity comes by stages, so maturity in the eyes of the law should not arrive in one fell swoop. Rather, there should be  period in which the older adolescent (aged 18 to 21 years) receives progressively more liberty to make choices, but without permanent stigma or severe penalty for mistakes—a time variously referred to by the author as one of semiautonomy,  peculiar mix of liberty and order, and a special legally protected growing period that is  transition to  fully realized adult status.  He makes  case for legal recognition that the older adolescent is different not only from  younger minor but also from an adult, and it is counterinstinctive as well as counterproductive for our law to draw black-and-white lines for all purposes at age 18 or 21 years. One
Medicare Hospital Payment by Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: BRUCE C. VLADECK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

On 1 October 1983, the Medicare system began a phased transition to a new payment method for hospitals based on uniform payments by diagnosis-related group (DRG). This article reviews the rationale for DRG-based reimbursement, describes the new Medicare system, and discusses its implications for hospitals, physicians, and hospital-physician relations. Although it is too early to evaluate its impact, this payment system will probably encourage more operational interaction between hospital administrators and organized medical staffs, and accelerate trends towards salaried service chiefs in community hospitals and greater external scrutiny of physicians' activities.
Vessel size, stent strut thickness, and restenosis after coronary stent placement: A subgroup analysis of the randomized ISAR-STEREO-2 trial
Authors: Helmut Schühlen, Adnan Kastrati, Julinda Mehilli, Jörg Hausleiter, Jürgen Pache, Josef Dirschinger, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Falling Cholecystectomy Thresholds Since the Introduction of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: José J. Escarce
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine whether cholecystectomy rates among the elderly increased following the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1989, and to assess whether changes in rates were accompanied by lower clinical thresholds for performing cholecystectomy.Time-series quasi-experimental design based on quarterly observations from 1986 to 1993. Data were obtained from Medicare hospital discharge files for Pennsylvania.Medicare patients aged 65 years or older who resided in Pennsylvania, did not have end-stage renal disease, and underwent cholecystectomy in Pennsylvania from 1986 to 1993.Cholecystectomy rates per 1000 elderly Medicare beneficiaries, stage of gallstone disease (uncomplicated vs complicated) at cholecystectomy, type of admission (elective vs urgent/emergent), patient age and comorbidities, and 30-day postoperative mortality.Cholecystectomy rates increased 22% from 1989 to 1993. The proportions of cholecystectomy patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease and with elective admissions declined from 1986 to 1989 but then increased rapidly after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced. In contrast, the age distribution and comorbidities of cholecystectomy patients did not change during the study period. Postoperative mortality rates were stable from 1986 to 1989 but decreased thereafter.Growth in cholecystectomy rates following the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was accompanied by evidence of lower clinical thresholds for performing surgery. The normative, or prescriptive, implications of lower cholecystectomy thresholds require further analyses that consider lower direct medical costs and indirect costs and reduced postoperative morbidity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Identification of Optimal Conditions for Lung Graft Storage With Euro-Collins Solution by Use of a Rat Orthotopic Lung Transplant Model
Authors: K. Kayano, K. Toda, Y. Naka, D. J. Pinsky
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Lung preservation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis, resulting in increased permeability, vasoconstriction, and endothelial cell adhesion for neutrophils. We hypothesized that a storage strategy that best preserves post-lung transplantation (LTX) vascular homeostasis might be organ and species specific. Because of the potential utility of a rat LTX model for developing improved lung preservation strategies, we have attempted to identify the optimal physical conditions for rat lung graft storage.Conditions that were tested included harvest inflation pressure (0, 10, or 20 mm Hg), inflation gas composition (100% N(2), room air, or 100% O(2)), and storage temperature (4 degrees, 10 degrees, or 15 degrees C). Modified Euro-Collins solution served as the base preservation solution for all experiments, with a preservation duration of 4 to 6 hours. Arterial oxygenation (PaO(2), mm Hg), pulmonary vascular resistance (mm Hg/mL per minute), recipient survival (%), and graft neutrophil infiltration (DeltaAbs(460 nm)/min) were measured 30 minutes after transplantation of the left lung and exclusion of the right lung from the circulation. All tested conditions significantly affect post-LTX vascular homeostasis. Inflation at 10 mm Hg pressure preserved lungs significantly better than did other pressures. There was a tendency for room air to improve all measured variables compared with 100% N(2) or 100% O(2) and a significant improvement in recipient survival with room air storage. Of the 3 storage temperatures investigated, 10 degrees C storage provided the best preservation in terms of PaO(2), graft neutrophil infiltration, and survival.We conclude that storage at 10 degrees C, 10 mm Hg inflation pressure, with room air establishes optimal lung storage conditions with Euro-Collins solution in this rat LTX model. These data suggest that these conditions should be used to evaluate new and potentially improved preservation strategies.
A new human mast cell line expressing a functional IgE receptor converts to tumorigenic growth by KIT D816V transfection
Authors: Rosine Saleh, Ghaith Wedeh, Harald Herrmann, Siham Bibi, Sabine Cerny-Reiterer, Irina Sadovnik, Katharina Blatt, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Sylvie Jeanningros, Catherine Blanc, Magali Legarff-Tavernier, Elise Chapiro, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Frédéric Subra, Patrick Bonnemye, Patrice Dubreuil, Vanessa Desplat, Hélène Merle-Béral, Michael Willmann, Thomas Rülicke, Peter Valent, Michel Arock
Journal: Blood (2014)
Skeletal Metastasis of Malignant Glucagonoma Mimicking Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
Authors: NEETIN PATEL, PAUL CHIANG, ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, GUILLERMO F. CARRERA, RICHARD A. KOMOROSKI, ALI T. ISITMAN, B DAVID COLLIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The authors discuss a rare case in which bone metastases from a malignant glucagonoma mimicked avascular necrosis of the right femoral head initially on both bone scintigraphy and MRI. Repeated imaging 6 months later showed an additional L1 vertebral abnormality, indicating that the lesions were actually bone metastases. Retrospective analysis of the bone scan abnormality in the proximal femur revealed that the abnormal tracer uptake extended into the femoral neck, helping the radiologist to distinguish avascular necrosis from metastasis.
Quality Reporting That Addresses Disparities in Health Care
Authors: Ashish K. Jha, Alan M. Zaslavsky
Journal: JAMA (2014)

More than a decade has passed since the landmark Institute of Medicine report Unequal Treatment documented the sizeable and pervasive disparities that affect the US health care system.1 Yet there has been little evidence of progress toward eliminating, or even reducing, these inequities in care. Furthermore, there is increasing concern that existing policy efforts designed to improve quality may, in fact, worsen disparities in care. Most recently, the Medicare pay-for-performance effort with the largest financial penalties, the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, was found to disproportionately penalize safety-net facilities that primarily care for disadvantaged and poor populations.2 Findings such as these have prompted national discussions about the possibility of adjusting quality-performance scores for the socioeconomic status (SES) of patient populations.3
Defective bone morphogenic protein signaling underlies hepcidin deficiency in HFE hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: John D. Ryan, Eleanor Ryan, Aurelie Fabre, Matthew W. Lawless, John Crowe
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common inherited iron overload disorder. The vast majority of patients carry the missense Cys282Tyr mutation of the HFE gene. Hepcidin, the central regulator of iron homeostasis, is deficient in HH, leading to unchecked iron absorption and subsequent iron overload. The bone morphogenic protein (BMP)/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling cascade is central to the regulation of hepcidin. Recent data from HH mice models indicate that this pathway may be defective in the absence of the HFE protein. Hepatic BMP/Smad signaling has not been characterized in a human HFE-HH cohort to date. Hepatic expression of BMP/Smad-related genes was examined in 20 HFE-HH males with significant iron overload, and compared to seven male HFE wild-type controls using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hepatic expression of BMP6 was appropriately elevated in HFE-HH compared to controls ( P = 0.02), likely related to iron overload. Despite this, no increased expression of the BMP target genes hepcidin and Id1 was observed, and diminished phosphorylation of Smad1/Smad5/Smad8 protein relative to iron burden was found upon immunohistochemical analysis, suggesting that impaired BMP signaling occurs in HFE-HH. Furthermore, Smad6 and Smad7 , inhibitors of BMP signaling, were up-regulated in HFE-HH compared to controls ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: New data arising from this study suggest that impaired BMP signaling underlies the hepcidin deficiency of HFE-HH. Moreover, the inhibitory Smads, Smad6, and Smad7 are identified as potential disruptors of this signal and, hence, contributors to the pathogenesis of this disease. (Hepatology 2010;)
An Abdomino-Aortic Aneurysm Demonstrated on Bone Scintigraphy as a Photon-Deficient Region
Authors: JERRY L. PRATHER, W TURNER HARRIS, DANIEL P. CHISHOLM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

PRATHER, JERRY L. M.D.; HARRIS, W TURNER M.D.; CHISHOLM, DANIEL P. M.D. Author Information
The Staphylococcal Toxin Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Targets Human C5a Receptors
Authors: András N. Spaan, Thomas Henry, Willemien J.M. van Rooijen, Magali Perret, Cédric Badiou, Piet C. Aerts, Johan Kemmink, Carla J.C. de Haas, Kok P.M. van Kessel, François Vandenesch, Gérard Lina, Jos A.G. van Strijp
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
The mental illness grant.
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the incidence of gout is higher in 1995-1996 compared to 1977-1978. METHODS: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project computerized medical record system, all potential cases of acute gout in the city of Rochester, Minnesota during the time intervals of 1977-1978 and 1995-1996 were identified. The complete medical records of all potential cases were screened and all who fulfilled the 1977 American College of Rheumatology proposed criteria for gout were included as incidence cases. Demographic data, body mass index, clinical presentation, and associated comorbid conditions were abstracted. The overall and age-gender adjusted incidence rates from the 2 cohorts were calculated and compared. RESULTS: A total of 39 new cases of acute gout were identified during the 2 year interval 1977-1978 representing an age and sex-adjusted annual incidence rate of 45.0/100,000 (95% CI: 30.7, 59.3). For the interval 1995-1996, 81 cases were diagnosed, representing an annual incidence rate of 62.3/100,000 (95% CI: 48.4, 76.2). There was a greater than 2-fold increase in the rate of primary gout (i.e., no history of diuretic exposure) in the recent compared to the older time periods (p = 0.002). The incidence of secondary, diuretic related gout did not increase over time (p = 0.140). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the incidence of primary gout has increased significantly over the past 20 years. While this increase might be a result of improved ascertainment of atypical gout, it may also be related to other, as yet unidentified, risk factors.
Oral Cobalamin for Treatment of Pernicious Anemia?
Authors: John N. Hathcock
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pernicious anemia is a cobalamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of intrinsic factor (IF), which is necessary for the absorption of this vitamin. Because of the extensive hepatic storage of cobalamin, primary dietary deficiency is uncommon, occurring only in strict vegetarians after avoidance of animal products for many months. The most common cause of IF deficiency is gastric atrophy. Total gastrectomy leads to pernicious anemia, and partial gastrectomy does so occasionally. A rare congenital form of pernicious anemia may be the result of an autosomal recessive failure in IF production. It is possible to treat pernicious anemia with oral IF. This was standard practice at one time, but has lost favor because of the difficulty and expense of obtaining IF. For the last 30 or more years, the usual treatment has been 1000 μg of cobalamin administered intramuscularly once every 1 to 3 months. With a retention efficiency of
Treatment of Incompetent Patients
Authors: Marshall B. Kapp
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their excellent study of patient treatment refusal, Drs Appelbaum and Roth<sup>1</sup>found 18 cases (of a total of 105, or &gt;17%) in which the physician's primary response to patient refusal was to force treatment over the patient's express objection. Three of these cases involved competent patients, and 15 refusing patients were classified as incompetent. It is interesting that, apparently, in none of these cases did the attending physician seek out the legal prophylaxis of a judicial order authorizing treatment for competent patients on the basis of a compelling state interest outweighing the patient's autonomy and for imcompetents on the grounds of functional inability to engage in rational decision making leading either to refusal of treatment or consent to it. This failure to obtain prior legal immunity is especially surprising in light of the anxiety and uncertainty that many physicians have publicly lamented concerning their legal
The Nicotinic Acid Test in Constitutional Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemias and Effects of Corticosteroid
Authors: Hideki Ohkubo, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The nicotinic acid test was performed in 5 patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 5 with Rotor syndrome and 13 with Gilbert's syndrome. The increment in serum bilirubin concentration and bilirubin retention 5 hr later differed; the proportion of conjugated bilirubin in the increment of total bilirubin in Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes was greater than in Gilbert's syndrome. These observations suggest that the nicotinic acid test reflects, in part, impaired biliary excretion of conjugated bilirubin. The results did not differentiate the two conjugated hyperbilirubinemias. The nicotinic acid test was also performed before and after corticosteroid treatment in four patients with Dubin-Johnson or Rotor syndrome. Although serum total and unconjugated bilirubin concentrations were reduced by corticosteroids, no significant change occurred in the parameters of the nicotinic acid test, suggesting that corticosteroids may enhance uptake of bilirubin without significantly altering biliary excretion of conjugated bilirubin.
Racial Difference in Blood Constituents
Authors: E. T. Renbourn
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Finally, it should be recorded that the authors' undocumented quotation of my results in the Baganda tribe must have been derived from iniformation obtained while the work was still in progress, for when a sufficiently large number (758) of Baganda children had been examined a significant difference was recorded.It is to be emphasized that field studies of gross sickling and falciparum rates are of little importance unless they extend over several generations, or express in addition the differential mortality from malaria.The justification for the use of parasite counts, which I consider essential in this work, is that they give a measure of the individual's resistance to malaria, and by implication a measure of what mortality may be expected from malaria in sicklers and non-sicklers respectively.-Iam, etc., Kampala, Uganda.