tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Classification of Different Pathologic Types
Authors: Michael H. Sulak
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Neoplasms arising in the testis are often of complex character and differ in many respects from neoplasms of nongonadal tissues. Unfortunately, certain critically important and interrelated details are not completely understood; these concern the embryology of the testis, the histogenesis of teratomatous tumors, the histogenesis, nature, and nomenclature of those neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells, and that of those neoplasms derived from nongerminal elements. Testicular neoplasms are relatively rare, comprising somewhat less than 1% of all cancers occurring in males and having an average annual incidence of about 2.3 per 100,000 males in English speaking populations.<sup>8,9</sup>Nevertheless, they have provoked considerable interest because more than 90% of these tumors prove to be malignant and because they occur predominantly in young men who are in the prime of life (during the third and fourth decades). Excluding leukemias and malignant lymphomas, testicular tumors constitute the leading form of lethal cancer
PTH-121 Practicalities of Implementing a three Session Day in Endoscopy
Authors: N J Taggart
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction Introduction:</h3> The three session day (8.30–20.30) was implemented at the Royal Liverpool Hospital (RLH) October 2009; this was necessary to guarantee an increased capacity in order to meet current and predicted service needs to accommodate the increase in activity lower GI investigation including the bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) and rise in complex endoscopy <h3>Methods Aim</h3> This is a reflective look on how this programme of change was implemented, what was achieved by its implementation and what lessons have been learned through the process. <h3>Results Prior to implementation</h3> 4 rooms were undertaking 12,000 procedures per year with 40% inpatients 60% day-case activity. Waiting times were urgents2–5 wks, routine 8–9 weeks, and surveillance 19 weeks <h3>Workforce planning and implementation</h3> A collaborative approach between Trust (business case approval), Consultants, Nurse Managers, Administration and Human Resources and nursing unions was necessary to ensure full staff engagement as shift patterns had to be changed; job plans and contracts had to be altered. The increased workload required a long term investment of; 3X WTE Consultant Endoscopists (6 lists each), 1 X WTE Nurse Endoscopist (for training and 6 lists),10X WTE Nurses/HCAs, 1X WTE Admin Manager, 2 X WTE Admin staff, 1XWTE Medical secretary. 1xWTE Nurse Educator, 1 WTE: Unit Manager <h3>List scheduling</h3> 3 rooms are simultaneously run in the evening; these are segmented into 1 upper, 1 colonoscopy and 1 in-patient list. The day-case lists are shorter at 3 hours; so either 4 colons, 10 OGDs, 4 EUS or 6 in-patients are schedule per list. No complex endoscopy is listed. Patients listed have been younger with less co-morbidity thus reflecting the working population. Particular advantage for colonoscopy as all bowel prep can be taken on the day of procedure. <h3>Results</h3> Activity has increased to 16,000 procedures per annum with &gt; 85% being day-case. This is due to a work-force flexibility and continual stream of communication through the admin manager to achieve list utilisation &gt; 95%. With full booking, DNA in evening is &lt; 5%. In our patient survey, 85% reported that they do not mind, are willing or very willing to come in the evening list. Waiting times; all urgent are within 2 weeks, routine within 6 weeks and Surveillance within 6 weeks. <h3>Conclusion</h3> 3 session day can improve capacity and reduce waiting times but needs workforce planning and significant capital investment. It requires leadership, workforce and skill mix review, workforce flexibility and a dedicated team. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Breast cancer genes.
Authors: B A Ponder
Journal: BMJ (1991)

justified to prevent future vascular problems, although sometimes it may be indicated for social reasons.Even in obstructive sleep apnoea the lack of properly funded regional sleep centres and the fact that continuous positive airway pressure is not prescribable in the NHS or funded under most private insurance schemes present considerable problems that need to be urgently considered.Teasing out the inter- relations among snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, vascular complications, and predisposing factors such as obesity also awaits proper funding.
The sleeping brain, the states of consciousness, and the human intelligence
Authors: Roumen Kirov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract A large number of experimental results clearly indicate that sleep has an important role for human intelligence. Sleep-wake stages and their specific patterns of brain activation and neuromodulation subserve human memory, states of consciousness, and modes of information processing that strongly relate to intelligence. Therefore, human intelligence should be explained in a broader framework than is implicated by neuroimaging data alone.
Radiodermatitis Due to Exposure in Industry
Authors: Kenneth G. Burdick, Floro Miraldi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN THE LAST FEW YEARS industry has been using increasing numbers and types of devices that generate or emit ionizing radiation. Unfortunately, many of the persons involved in the operation and supervision of these devices are not sufficiently aware of the health hazards. Since the radiations cannot be detected by the ordinary human senses, overexposure to harmful radiation may readily occur, despite the manufacturers' apparently adequate design for shielding, unless great vigilance is exercised by those responsible for the operation of such instruments. Often, the plant medical staff is unaware of the precise danger of such apparatus, since the majority of devices are directly under the control of the engineering departments or are in research installations. Also, private physicians are usually unaware of the possibility of exposure of their patients to such radiation and would not ordinarily consider this in the differential diagnosis of disease. An example is presented in
Cyanide toxicity after immersion and the hazards of dicobalt edetate.
Authors: C Dodds, C McKnight
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Apres immersion totale pendant 3 mn dans le cyanure de cuivre, le malade est inconscient, cyanose et respire irregulierement. Il recoit de l'oxygene, une perfusion intraveineuse, puis a 2 reprises 300 mg de l'antidote: edetate de cobalt. Il presente rapidement un œdeme periorbital et larynge, necessitant une intubation et une reanimation appropriee (d'apres les analyses de sang arteriel). Retour de la conscience au bout de 16 h et recuperation complete. Il se peut que l'œdeme ait ete du a l'edetate de cobalt. D'autres traitements seraient indiques pour l'intoxication par cyanure
DNA Repair Polymorphisms and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma Treated with Gemcitabine-Platinum Combination Chemotherapy
Authors: Nina Erčulj, Viljem Kovač, Julija Hmeljak, Alenka Franko, Metoda Dodič-Fikfak, Vita Dolžan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
PR39 Inhibits Apoptosis in Hypoxic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jiaping Wu, Cherie Parungo, Guifu Wu, Peter M. Kang, Roger J. Laham, Frank W. Sellke, Michael Simons, Jian Li
Journal: Circulation (2004)

PR39 is a proline- and arginine-rich peptide implicated in wound healing and myocardial ischemia protection. To determine the potential mechanisms of PR39 in ischemia, we examined the role of PR39 in hypoxia-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.Hypoxia results in an increase of apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis and caspase-3 activity. Hypoxia induced 66.2+/-2.7% TUNEL-positive cells, whereas in the presence of synthesized PR39 peptide, TUNEL-positive cells were reduced to 29.6+/-1.9% (P<0.05). After 24 hours of hypoxia, the addition of PR39 reduced caspase-3 activity to 3.17+/-0.47 pMol/min from 10.52+/-0.55 pMol/min in hypoxic BAECs. Moreover, PR39 increased inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (IAP-2) gene and protein expression by 3-fold in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The induction of IAP-2 by PR39 conferred an increase in IAP-2 gene transcription and IAP-2 mRNA stability. Furthermore, inhibiting IAP-2 with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) and with small interfering RNA targeting IAP-2 abrogated the ability of PR39 to reduce caspase-3 activity.We provide the first direct evidence for PR39 as an antiapoptotic factor in endothelial cells during hypoxia. These data suggest that PR39 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and decreases caspase-3 activity in endothelial cells through an increase of IAP-2 expression.
TCT-227 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Unprotected Left Main Stenosis with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Data from ASAN MAIN Registry
Authors: Min Su Kim, Jung-Min Ahn, Hee-Soon Park, Se Hun Kang, Sang Soo Cheon, Byeong Joo Bae, Jae Hyung Roh, Hyun Woo Park, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Modification of Heat-Shock Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster Populations via Transposable Elements
Authors: Daniel N. Lerman, Pawel Michalak, Amanda B. Helin, Brian R. Bettencourt, Martin E. Feder
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We report multiple cases in which disruption of hsp70 regulatory regions by transposable element (TE) insertions underlies natural variation in expression of the stress-inducible molecular chaperone Hsp70 in Drosophila melanogaster. Three D. melanogaster populations from different continents are polymorphic for jockey or P element insertions in the promoter of the hsp70Ba gene. All three TE insertions are within the same 87-bp region of hsp70Ba promoter, and we suggest that the distinctive promoter architecture of hsp genes may make them vulnerable to TE insertions. Each of the TE insertions reduces Hsp70 levels, and RNase protection assays demonstrate that such insertions can reduce transcription of the hsp70Ba gene. In addition, the TEs alter two measures of organismal fitness, inducible thermotolerance and female reproductive success. Thus, transposition can create quantitative genetic variation in gene expression within populations, on which natural selection can act.
Dobson stops reorganisation of services at Trafford hospital
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Health secretary Frank Dobson has forbidden Salford and Trafford Health Authority to continue its planned reorganisation of children's inpatient care.

Health authority executives and paediatric service advisers were stunned when Mr Dobson issued the direction on 30 June, stating: “The Secretary of State hereby directs The Salford and Trafford Health Authority not to proceed further with its proposal known as ‘Future Hospital Care for the Children and Young People of Salford and Trafford.' “ The health authority was also directed to discontinue the consultation exercise associated with the proposal and not to consult on further proposals about future hospital care for children without Mr Dobson's consent.

It is only the second time in the history of the NHS that such a direction--under section …
New Anticoagulants — The Path from Discovery to Clinical Practice
Authors: Jens Lohrmann, Richard C. Becker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

For more than half a century, heparin and vitamin K antagonists have defined anticoagulant therapy for the short-term and long-term management, respectively, of thrombotic disorders of the venous system. The history of their development is instructive. In 1922, at the annual meeting of the American Physiological Society, William H. Howell of Johns Hopkins Medical School presented an extraction protocol for isolating heparin preparations. Dicoumarol, a bacterial antagonist of vitamin K in spoiled sweet clover, was recognized as the agent responsible for a fatal hemorrhagic disease in livestock by Karl Link and Wilhelm Schoeffel of the University of Wisconsin. In both . . .
Drug treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.
Authors: R H Rousel, G Dodd
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Ambulance personnel and casualty staff in 62 London casualty departments were asked in a questionnaire survey for their recommendations for the management of cases of deliberate self-poisoning.From the 1350 questionnaires distributed, 1248 (92 %) were returned, of which 858 were completed by doctors and nurses.Among this group 88% believed that these patients should never be discharged without full psychiatric evaluation,
Keratin 9 gene mutations in epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK)
Authors: André Reis, Hans-Christian Hennies, Lutz Langbein, Martin Digweed, Dietmar Mischke, Matthias Drechsler, Evelin Schröck, Brigitte Royer-Pokora, Werner W. Franke, Karl Sperling, Wolfang Küster
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Radiation-"Induced" Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Thomas L. Ringrose
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article, Tracy et al (228:1660, 1974) describe a patient whom I recognize. I should be grateful for the opportunity to give further details of her history and to explain some aspects of her radiotherapy that might otherwise be thought unusual. Her first symptom, on April 30, 1971, was a sudden throbbing pain in the lower neck with radiation to the sternum and left pectoral area. It was aggravated by inspiration and on lying down, but was not accompanied by dyspnea. Next day, when she attended a local hospital, the mediastinal mass was discovered. Electrocardiograms then and later showed only nonspecific changes, and it has been assumed that the pain was caused by the tumor, although the mechanism is not known. Diagnosis proved difficult and was finally uncertain even after several specimens had been removed for biopsy. The choices seemed to be Hodgkin disease of the
MSSA: a back door entry into medicine?
Authors: J. Slack
Journal: BMJ (1987)

profession through the university examination.Furthermore, why should he want to exclude them when the GMC is happy to include them?Does he think that the GMC is an inadequate guardian of standards?As we already have the non-university examniing bodies why should one or more British medical schools be persuaded to enter the occasional refugee for their examinations, an unlikely hope if the present schismbetweenCambridgeUniversityandLondon University is anything to go by.
Vasopressin improves systemic hemodynamics without compromising mesenteric perfusion in the resuscitation of asphyxiated newborn piglets: a dose–response study
Authors: Douglas C. Cheung, Richdeep S. Gill, Jiang-Qin Liu, Namdar Manouchehri, Consolato Sergi, David Bigam, Po-Yin Cheung, Bryan J. Dicken
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
The Laparoscopic Staging of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: H. Lindner, R. Dammermann
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

The laparoscopic photographs of 38 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis with high titres of mitochondrial antibodies were reviewed. The quality of laparoscopic photography is now so high that it proved possible to use these photographs as the basis of a system of laparoscopic staging. By analogy with the system of histological classification, the disease was divided into four stages. Laparoscopy provides an alternative approach to the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, which should be based on clinical, biochemical, immunological and morphological data. However, by laparoscopy alone it is improssible to separate pure primary biliary cirrhosis from its mixed forms with chronic active hepatitis.
Dundee coronary risk-disk.
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Dangers of ozone depletion SIR,-The dangers of ozone depletion in the United Kingdom, particularly with regard to non- melanoma skin cancer, are probably much greater than estimated in the recent article on this topic by Fiona Godlee.'The figures given in the article suggest that non-melanoma skin cancer may rise by 8000 cases a year in Britain if there is a 10% reduction in total column ozone.This figure is based on current incidence figures from cancer registries,-which are widely accepted as being gross underestimates.2I recently suggested that the true incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in England and Wales may be close to 100 000 cases a year.3If this is true then, using a formula devised at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland,4 we might expect something like 35 000 extra non-melanoma skin cancers each year in England and Wales.Furthermore, there would probably be a relative increase in the potentially more dangerous squamous cell carcinoma compared with basal cell carcinoma.'Of course, these figures should not be taken at their face value as it is difficult to give an exact percentage rise in skin cancers because predicting what changes may occur in holiday and clothing habits is impossible.6The article therefore highlights the inadequacy of registration of skin cancer in the United Kingdom.Few attempts have been made to define the extent of the problem, and thus monitoring adequately any changes that may occur in the incidence of skin cancer is going to be impossible.As I have pointed out previously, there is an urgent need to review and improve registration of skin cancer throughout the United Kingdom.
TCT-196 Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency: The Association Between the Extent Of Extracranial Venous Anomalies and Clinical Severity and Duration of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Juraj Madaric, Andrej Klepanec, Rastislav Bazik, Marek Toth, Terezia Urlandova, Jana Margitfalviova, Juraj Mikulas, Erika Drangova, Daniela Hladikova, Tibor Balazs, Vladimir Neuschl, Ivan Vulev
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The use of submicron/nanoscale PLGA implants to deliver paclitaxel with enhanced pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in intracranial glioblastoma in mice
Authors: Sudhir H. Ranganath, Yilong Fu, Davis Y. Arifin, Irene Kee, Lin Zheng, How-Sung Lee, Pierce K.-H. Chow, Chi-Hwa Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Indoor exposures to fine aerosols and acid gases.
Authors: P Koutrakis, M Brauer, S L Briggs, B P Leaderer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Indoor exposures to aerosols and gases are associated with both indoor and outdoor air pollution sources. The identification of sources and the assessment of their relative contribution can be a complicated process due to a) the presence of numerous indoor sources, which can vary from building to building; b) the uncertainties associated with the estimation of the impact of outdoor sources on indoor air quality; c) the interactions between pollutants; and d) the importance of reactions between pollutants and indoor surfaces. It is well established that fine particles (diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns) originating from outdoor sources such as automobiles, oil and coal combustion, incineration, and diverse industrial activities can penetrate into the indoor environment. Indoor/outdoor ratios, usually varying between 0.4 and 0.8, depend on parameters such as particle size and density, air exchange rate, and the surface-to-volume ratio of the indoor environment. Determining fine particle elemental composition makes it possible to identify the contribution of different outdoor sources. This paper focuses on the origin and the concentration of indoor aerosols and acid gases by highlighting the results from two indoor air quality studies.
PMO-012 Improving the patient journey in hepatology: the efficacy of pre-appointment investigations
Authors: C Lever, J House, S Ramaharack, N Sheron, M Wright
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Most patients attending hepatology clinic for the first time require a basic liver screen before a definitive diagnosis or plan of action can be made. We sought to establish if doing these tests prior to the visit could speed up the patient journey. <h3>Methods</h3> New referrals appraised by a consultant hepatologist and considered for routine outpatient appointments were entered in to the pre-appointment investigation study. 58 patients during July and August 2010 were sent blood forms and booked for ultrasound to be completed before coming to the first consultation. Of the 58 patients 55 were eligible for analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 17 (30%) patients had all blood results available at clinic, 30 (54%) patients had imaging reports available and 10 (18%) had both. At first consultation Nine patients were discharged back to the GP One booked for MRCP, discharged from clinic One had no follow-up booked Three discharged to the nurse led clinic One booked into the virtual clinic One went for TACE 16 (29%) of patients did not require a follow-up appointment in a consultant led hepatology clinic with 11 of these patients requiring no follow-up at all. 49 out of the 55 (89%) patients had a definite diagnosis made at the first clinic appointment, verified subsequently by imaging and blood results. Compared to the same time frame for the year before a fivefold increase (from 4.3% to 20%) in discharges to GP was achievable. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This involves a commitment to arrange blood tests and imaging in advance, the costs are no different as these are routine investigations. With blood results available at the first consultation there was a significant increase in discharges. Simply changing the order of interventions results in a reduction in follow-up allocations, with an associated increase in the speed of patient progression across all clinics. Moving 89% of the patients seen in hepatology clinic on to the correct pathway at the first consultation, saves time and money. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Consultations in Dermatology II
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Some of the best teaching in hospitals may come in that few minutes during a crowded day, usually unplanned, nearly lost in the noise of the hallway or treatment room, when the expert specialist discusses with the house staff the management of the patient he has just seen. A few elite consultants can make such discussions exceptionally lucid and interesting, explaining in just two or three minutes everything seemingly important about the patient, the disease, the needed treatment, and all the relevant sciences. We wish textbooks could be more like that. Walter Shelley, a department chairman, doctor in both medicine and physiology, and a prestigious practitioner, has bravely recorded another choice collection of 50 such expert hallway consultations, exposing to our leisure study his knowledge, style of analysis, and opinions. Like the spoken consultations, his text is notable for its distinctive sounds and mood: colloquial language, informality, memorable anagrams, repetition,
Flexible cytokine production by macrophages and T cells in response to probiotic bacteria: A possible mechanism by which probiotics exert multifunctional immune regulatory activities
Authors: Kan Shida, Masanobu Nanno, Satoru Nagata
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Probiotics have been reported to be efficacious against cancers, infections, allergies, inflammatory bowel diseases and autoimmune diseases, and it is important to explain how such multifunctional activities are realized. Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) is one of these multifunctional probiotics, and its ability to augment the host immune system has been extensively examined. We have shown that the cell wall structure of this probiotic strain is responsible for potently inducing IL-12 production. In addition, we have recently found that LcS differentially controls the inflammatory cytokine responses of macrophages and T cells in either Peyer's patches or the spleen. Other studies revealed that LcS-induced IL-12 production by macrophages is modified when other bacteria or their cell components are simultaneously present. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for understanding the multifunctional activities of specific probiotics.