tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Judge criticises paediatrician for "overstating" sex abuse allegations
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A senior consultant paediatrician from the north of England was strongly criticised this week by a High Court judge when he awarded a total of £400000 ($625000; €636000) in libel damages to two former day nursery workers who were accused of sexually abusing their charges.

In a case that carries echoes of the Cleveland child abuse scandal 15 years ago, when dozens of children were removed from their families, Mr Justice Eady said he was “entirely satisfied” …
Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Kim F. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Reducing surgical site infection (SSI) is a vexingproblemwith yetunidentified solutions. In this issueof JAMASurgery, Lawson and colleagues1 clearly frame the economic and societal impact of postoperative SSI after colectomy, a common and high-incident operation. As many as 1 in 4 colectomies, they report, result in a postoperative SSI. The occurrencemay further increase hospital cost by increasing length of stay. Given the current health care environment, with increasing attentiontocostandquality, thisanalysis isbothrelevantandtimely. In the study,Lawsonandcolleaguespointout thatour current approach to measuring and reducing postoperative infections may be misguided. Surgical site infection has traditionally been considered a single entity and the approach to reduction singularly focusedonadherence toSurgical Care ImprovementProgram (SCIP) measures.2 Lawson and colleagues suggest that ifdeep/organ-space infectionsareadistinct clinical entity from superficial SSI, we may be missing key opportunities for interventionby lumpingandanalyzing themtogether. Thework bespeaksa frustrationwiththe lackofassociationbetweenSCIP measure adherence andSSI reduction in colorectal surgery.3,4 WhileSCIPmeasures continue tobeadvancedas themainstay of reducing SSI, the current analysis effectively challenges theone-size-fits-all approachbydisaggregating theoutcome of interest. Using hierarchical modeling with robust clinical risk adjustment, Lawson et al show that the risk factors for deep and organ-space infections differ significantly fromthoseof superficial SSI, and thesedifferences arenotdue to clustering of select patients (ie, high risk) within specific types of hospital settings. The more precise definition of SSI could change our approach to reducing SSI; however, solutions were beyond the scope of the study. As a result, we are left with the yet unanswered question about how to remediate the problem beyond adherence to SCIP. Short of a largescalepublic health campaign to address smoking, obesity, and comorbid disease, the findings do not expose a practical way forward. Perhaps themost important implication for thiswork is the potential to inform the National Surgical Quality Improvement Programrisk adjustmentmodels,which areused topredict the expected SSI rates and compare institutional performance. More precise outcomes coupled with thoughtful risk adjustmentmodelswill help reset the expectations for SSI after colectomy. The findingsmay even serve to inform the design of pay-for-performance programs embedded in the upcomingAffordableCareAct.5,6 Until then, theworkof Lawson andcolleagues should guide the informedconsent process for patients undergoing colectomy and help surgeons challenge hospital administrators to endorse quality improvement efforts that are evidence based, rationally targeted, and, hopefully, more effective.
Psychological Differences between Young Male and Female Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maido Uusküla
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

<i>Background:</i> The aim of this study was to investigate psychological differences between young male and female survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI). <i>Methods:</i> 35 male (mean age 37.3) and 29 female (mean age 38.6) patients with first MI made the study group. Type A behavior, anxiety, alexithymia construct and vital exhaustion were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. <i>Results:</i> The results indicate that females suffer considerably more frequently from fatigue and exhaustion in the prodromal period of MI. Women develop a higher level of cognitive-worry, subscale score of anxiety; they are more irritable and less able to relax. <i>Conclusions:</i> These gender-related differences in psychological status should be taken into consideration for the optimal psychosocial rehabilitation of young patients with first acute MI.
Found in translation
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Translational medicine is all the rage, although finding a satisfactory definition is hard.

The paradigm for regular verbs in Latin has four components: scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum—I write (present tense), to write (present infinitive), I have written (perfect tense), written (past participle). But the paradigm for the verb “to carry” is irregular: fero, ferre, tuli, latum. It comes from two different Indo-European roots—BHER (to carry; a fertile source of words) and TOL or (T)LA (to tolerate or support; like your atlas, supporting your skull). This explains the connection between words such as confer …
Summertime Acute Heat Illness in U.S. Emergency Departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Jeremy J. Hess, Shubhayu Saha, George Luber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Patients with acute heat illness present primarily to emergency departments (EDs), yet little is known regarding these visits.Objective: We aimed to describe acute heat illness visits to U.S. EDs from 2006 through 2010 and identify factors associated with hospital admission or with death in the ED.Methods: We extracted ED case-level data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) for 2006–2010, defining cases as ED visits from May through September with any heat illness diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 992.0–992.9). We correlated visit rates and temperature anomalies, analyzed demographics and ED disposition, identified risk factors for adverse outcomes, and examined ED case fatality rates (CFR).Results: There were 326,497 (95% CI: 308,372, 344,658) cases, with 287,875 (88.2%) treated and released, 38,392 (11.8%) admitted, and 230 (0.07%) died in the ED. Heat illness diagnoses were first-listed in 68%. 74.7% had heat exhaustion, 5.4% heat stroke. Visit rates were highly correlated with annual temperature anomalies (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.882, p = 0.005). Treat-and-release rates were highest for younger adults (26.2/100,000/year), whereas hospitalization and death-in-the-ED rates were highest for older adults (6.7 and 0.03/100,000/year, respectively); all rates were highest in rural areas. Heat stroke had an ED CFR of 99.4/10,000 (95% CI: 78.7, 120.1) visits and was diagnosed in 77.0% of deaths. Adjusted odds of hospital admission or death in the ED were higher among elders, males, urban and low-income residents, and those with chronic conditions.Conclusions: Heat illness presented to the ED frequently, with highest rates in rural areas. Case definitions should include all diagnoses. Visit rates were correlated with temperature anomalies. Heat stroke had a high ED CFR. Males, elders, and the chronically ill were at greatest risk of admission or death in the ED. Chronic disease burden exponentially increased this risk.Citation: Hess JJ, Saha S, Luber G. 2014. Summertime acute heat illness in U.S. emergency departments from 2006 through 2010: analysis of a nationally representative sample. Environ Health Perspect 122:1209–1215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306796
FOUR-YEAR (2009-2013) ALL CAUSE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY AND ITS DETERMINANTS: THE IKARIA STUDY
Authors: Christine Chrysohoou, Christos Pitsavos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, George Lazaros, Kalliope Katte, Michel Poulain, Dan Buettner, Christodoulos I. Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The effects of antithrombotic drugs in patients with left ventricular thrombi: assessment with indium-111 platelet imaging and two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: J R Stratton, J L Ritchie
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Patients with left ventricular thrombi not caused by recent myocardial infarction were prospectively studied by indium-111 platelet imaging and two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the reproducibility of these techniques and the short-term effects of sulfinpyrazone (200 mg four times daily), aspirin (325 mg three times daily) plus dipyridamole (75 mg three times daily), and full-dose warfarin. At baseline, all patients underwent indium-111 platelet imaging and echocardiography, and the results were positive for thrombus. In six patients on no antithrombotic drug therapy, repeat platelet scans and echocardiographic studies at 6.0 +/- 3.3 weeks remained positive and were unchanged. In seven patients studied on sulfinpyrazone, three platelet scans became negative, two became equivocal, and two were unchanged; the presence and size of thrombus was constant by echocardiography in all seven patients. Of the six patients studied on aspirin plus dipyridamole, one platelet scan became negative, those of three became equivocal, and two were unchanged; all echocardiographic findings remained positive, but one patient had decreased thrombus size. Among four warfarin-treated patients, three had resolution of platelet deposition and one was unchanged; by echocardiography, thrombus resolved in one patient, was decreased in size in one, and was unchanged in two. We conclude that, in the absence of antithrombotic drug therapy, platelet imaging and echocardiographic findings are stable in patients with left ventricular thrombi not caused by recent myocardial infarction. Sulfinpyrazone, aspirin plus dipyridamole, and warfarin all interrupt platelet deposition in some patients with chronic left ventricular thrombi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobinuria Following Amphotericin B Therapy
Authors: David J. Drutz
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Amphotericin B-induced hypokalemia progressed to profound muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria in a patient with cryptococcal meningitis. Incomplete renal tubular acidosis which was present during therapy may have predisposed the patient to renal potassium wasting.
Dosage Forms of Digitoxin
Authors: G. C. CHIU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 July 1970Dosage Forms of DigitoxinG. C. CHIU, M.D.G. C. CHIU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-144_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article entitled "An Improved Method of Digitoxin Therapy" (Ann Intern Med72: 453-464, 1970), Jelliffe and co-workers stated under Dosage Forms of Digitoxin (p. 461): "Current tablets of digitoxin are restricted to 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg." Actually, digitoxin tablets, U.S.P., have also been available since 1948 in the strength of 0.05 mg. (Tablets Crystodigin®, No. 1736). Furthermore, these tablets are scored so that they can be readily broken into halves.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. C. CHIU, M.D.Affiliations: Medical Research Division The Lilly Research Laboratories Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1 Page: 144-144 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical Man and His Morals.
Authors: B. M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Davis, W. Va., July 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> I have noticed the great improvements of theJournal of the American Medical Associationin the last few years with pleasure. In the number of July 10 I read an article on the " Medical Man and His Morals," which should be framed and placed in every physician's office. I think it one of the best editorials I ever read. What a life we doctors have to lead anyway; the temptations, the trials, the ups and downs of our life, changes many a man from what he might be to either a man or a devil. He is blessed or cursed at all times; some love and others hate him; one minute he is praised, the other he is blamed for something he can not help. But any man<i>who loves this life of ours</i>will go on to the end in
2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals
Authors: M Rondy, O Launay, J Puig-Barberà, G Gefenaite, J Castilla, K de Gaetano Donati, F Galtier, E Hak, M Guevara, S Costanzo, Collective European hospital IVE network, A Moren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

While influenza vaccines aim to decrease the incidence of severe influenza among high-risk groups, evidence of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) among the influenza vaccine target population is sparse. We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study to estimate IVE against hospitalised laboratory-confirmed influenza in the target population in 18 hospitals in France, Italy, Lithuania and the Navarre and Valencia regions in Spain. All hospitalised patients aged ≥18 years, belonging to the target population presenting with influenza-like illness symptom onset within seven days were swabbed. Patients positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza virus were cases and those negative were controls. Using logistic regression, we calculated IVE for each influenza virus subtype and adjusted it for month of symptom onset, study site, age and chronic conditions. Of the 1,972 patients included, 116 were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 58 for A(H3N2) and 232 for influenza B. Adjusted IVE was 21.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): -25.2 to 50.6; n=1,628), 61.8% (95% CI: 26.8 to 80.0; n=557) and 43.1% (95% CI: 21.2 to 58.9; n=1,526) against influenza A(H1N1) pdm09, A(H3N2) and B respectively. Our results suggest that the 2012/13 IVE was moderate against influenza A(H3N2) and B and low against influenza A(H1N1) pdm09.
China is urged to compensate people infected with HIV through illegal blood selling
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Chinese government has been urged to set up a compensation fund for the victims of an illegal blood selling scandal that resulted in thousands of people in central China in the 1990s being infected with HIV. A new report calls for a full and independent investigation into the number of people affected and an official apology to the people affected as well as compensation.

The report, jointly published by the Korekata AIDS Law Center in Beijing and the US based non-governmental organisation Asia Catalyst, describes the plight of impoverished farmers who donated blood to commercial blood collection centres across central China. The blood was often pooled for centrifugal fractionation, and donors …
A hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study of ventricular function in long-term cardiac allograft recipients. Etiology and prognosis of restrictive-constrictive physiology.
Authors: H A Valantine, C P Appleton, L K Hatle, S A Hunt, M E Billingham, N E Shumway, E B Stinson, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Conventional hemodynamic measurements and Doppler echocardiography were used to assess ventricular physiology of the human cardiac allograft and to examine the influence of pertinent clinical factors on chronic myocardial performance. Sixty-four patients (18-55 years old; mean, 39 years) undergoing routine annual hemodynamic assessment were studied. Blood-flow velocity properties across the mitral, tricuspid, and aortic valves were analyzed from Doppler ultrasound recordings. Ten of these patients had elevated diastolic pressures associated with a sharp early diastolic dip followed by an exaggerated and abrupt rise in pressure, consistent with restrictive-constrictive ventricular physiology. Left ventricular dP/dt and stroke volume were lower in these patients compared with the other 54 patients. Doppler echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular filling and ejection in these 10 patients differed significantly. Isovolumic relaxation time and pressure half-time were shorter, peak early mitral and tricuspid flow velocities were higher, and mean aortic flow velocity and acceleration were lower. A higher rejection incidence was the only demonstrable clinical factor associated with impaired ventricular function. Doppler echocardiography may, therefore, noninvasively identify patients with hemodynamic evidence of restrictive-constrictive physiology. This abnormality occurs in approximately 15% of allograft recipients, is associated with impaired systolic performance, and may be related to rejection incidence.
One-year outcomes of unprotected and protected left main stenting in the current era
Authors: Michael P. Kelley, Bruce D. Klugherz, Sayed M. Hashemi, Nicolas F. Meneveau, Janet M. Johnston, William H. Matthai, Vidya S. Banka, Howard C. Herrmann, John W. Hirshfeld, Daniel M. Kolansky, Phillip A. Horwitz, Francois Schiele, Jean-Pierre L. Bassand, Robert L. Wilensky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Tc-99m-ANTI-CEA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (IMMU-4) IN THE INITIAL STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: L. Lamki, B. Barron, S. Pinero, P. Shepard, J. Bull, P. Holoye, V. Ephron, B. MacPadyen, L. Ingram, K. Oggero, J. Duke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Lamki, L.; Barron, B.; Pinero, S.; Shepard, P.; Bull, J.; Holoye, P.; Ephron, V.; MacPadyen, B.; Ingram, L.; Oggero, K.; Duke, J. Author Information
Effect of intranasal fluticasone on cellular infiltration, endothelial adhesion molecule expression, and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in nasal polyp disease
Authors: Daniel L. Hamilos, Stanley E. Thawley, Maggie A. Kramper, Asma Kamil, Qutayba A. Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
248 Comparison of staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma in a japanese cohort
Authors: H. Chung, M. Kudo, S. Takahashi, T. Inoue, Y. Sakaguchi, S. Hagiwara, Y. Minami, K. Ueshima, T. Fukunaga, T. Matsunaga
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Letter: Ideal consultation.
Authors: J S Norrell
Journal: BMJ (1974)

found in many cases of pseudotumnour whatever the cause and consequently is of little help,l 2 but adequate temporal artery biopsy may help in diagnosis and should also be performed.Though the condition may remit spontaneously, in temporal arteritis delay in diagnosis may allow further irreversible ar,teritic complications to occur.Corticosteroids in adequate dosage produce dramatic symptomatic benefit and objective imnprovement follows within a week, so that it may be clinically prudent to treat elderly patients with a trial of corticosteroids rather than resort to prolonged investigation or transfer to a specialized centre for further procedures.I tentatively suggest that many of the idiopathic granulomatous pseudotumours of the orbit in elderly patients responding te corticosteroids are in reality caused either by temporal arteritis or Wegener's granulomatosis, possibly in the "limited" form de- scritbed by Carrington and Liebow.3After a successful trial 3f corticosteroids the patient should receive prolonged follow-up to pre- vent recurrence of the parent disease when corticosteroids are reduced or discontinued.-I am, etc.,
Mechanism of Catecholamine-Induced Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Sheu-Meei Yu, Sheng-Yi Tsai, Jih-Hwa Guh, Feng-Nien Ko, Che-Ming Teng, Jonathan T. Ou
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Catecholamines have been shown to aggravate atherosclerosis in animals and humans, and abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a key event in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Catecholamines may be involved in such cell growth. Therefore, a series of experiments using cultured VSMC was performed to elucidate their possible mitogenic effect. Methods and Results We examined the mitogenic effect of catecholamines using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by measuring [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, checking with flow cytometry, and counting the cell number directly. Furthermore, the catecholamine-activated signal transduction pathway was assessed by measurement of the formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and mitogenic gene expression. Norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine stimulated [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation and cell growth. Clonidine and isoproterenol showed little of such effects. Prazosin was more effective than either yohimbine or propranolol in suppressing the mitogenic effect of NE, indicating that catecholamine-induced VSMC proliferation is mediated by α 1 -adrenoceptors. The α 1 -adrenoceptor activation was coupled to pertussis toxin–insensitive G q -protein and triggered phosphoinositide hydrolysis with subsequent activation of protein kinase C and MAPK in VSMC. In response to NE, both 42- and 44-kD MAPK were activated and tyrosine was phosphorylated. α 1 -Adrenoceptor stimulation with NE also caused accumulation of c- fos, c- jun, and c- myc mRNA. Chloroethylclonidine completely blocked the α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated mitogenesis. Conclusions The effect of catecholamines appears to be mediated via the activation of the chloroethylclonidine-sensitive α 1 -adrenoceptors that triggers the phosphoinositide hydrolysis and activates the MAPK pathway, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
Diverse Approaches to New Therapies May Hold Promise in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"WE ARE GROPING in the dark, working at the edges of the problem," admits Gary Birnbaum, MD, associate professor of neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. "The problem" is multiple sclerosis. It is the most common degenerative inflammatory neurological disease to strike people of working age (15 to 55 years)—an estimated 150 000 in the United States—according to a spokesperson at the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Although clinical features were described more than 100 years ago by the 19th century Paris neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, its causes and cure remain elusive. Birnbaum's comment about multiple sclerosis was echoed by many of the physicians and other medical scientists at the American Academy of Neurology meetings in New Orleans. They are all too familiar with the scores of promising therapies that ultimately proved ineffective. What is more, even though there are probably more well-designed clinical trials