tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescence South of Border Not One Big Fiesta; Health Problems Similar to Those in United States
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS faced by the United States and Latin America may seem to be a world apart. But these problems underlie adolescent behaviors that are remarkably similar, and thus unite those professionals concerned with the health of youth. At a recent meeting of the International Regional Chapter of the Society of Adolescent Medicine in Atlanta, Ga, physicians from 14 countries gathered to discuss adolescent health care "with a Latin touch." Why should Latin America, with its pressing political and economic problems, care about adolescents? One reason is their sheer numbers. According to Carlos Serrano, MD, director of the Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, 187.2 million teens live in Latin America in 1990. <h3>Youth Movement</h3> And youth as a proportion of the population is increasing. Gustavo Girard, MD, coordinator of the committee on adolescence of the Latin American Pediatric Association, from Buenos Aires, Argentina, says that while the world
Procaine Penicillin: Choice of Preparation
Authors: R. W. Fairbrother, K. S. Daber
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MELLITUSEDIJORAL cases were untraced is a great disappointment.We hope that they were their best cases, but are we justified in drawing that conclusion ?It may cost a considerable sum per patient to secure information about these 49 cases, but it is more than worth while.Perhaps in sending out letters and trying to secure replies we should call to the attention of these young people that when they ask us to recommend them for jobs we cannot do so unless we know how they are getting along.I am more sympathetic in completing follow-ups this year than heretofore.At the beginning of 1949 we had 2,145 known subjects living who had been diabetic from childhood.By September 1,258 had been traced.Despite our first, second, and third letters, 2,365 in all, there still remained 50 untraced, but I believe it is only fair to these people and to all of us doctors to learn whether the treatment recommended has been good or bad and to discover whether it could be improved. (By April 1 of this year there were eight untraced.)Apollinaire Bouchardat, who was born in 1806 and died in 1886, was the first doctor to give hope to the diabetic.He prescribed a palatable diet, taught diabetics, even before Fehling's test was printed, to examine the urine after they ate and thus find out whether a food was beneficial or not.He urged them to take exercise and demonstrated its advantages.Yet Bouchardat (1883), in offering hope for the diabetics, qualified his statement so as not to include children, and wrote that he had never seen a pregnant diabetic woman and, indeed, hardly gives us a hint that he recognized diabetic coma.But he laid the foundation for the treatment we are practising to-day.How pleased he would be to see the advances made, and I can imagine he would agree with me that the next fifty years hold more of promise than the last.
Transgenic mice with mu and kappa genes encoding antiphosphorylcholine antibodies.
Authors: U Storb, C Pinkert, B Arp, P Engler, K Gollahon, J Manz, W Brady, R L Brinster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Transgenic mice were produced that carried in their germlines rearranged kappa and/or mu genes with V kappa and VH regions from the myeloma MOPC-167 kappa and H genes, which encode anti-PC antibody. The mu genes contain either a complete gene, including the membrane terminus (mu genes), or genes in which this terminus is deleted and only the secreted terminus remains (mu delta mem genes). The mu gene without membrane terminus is expressed at as high a level as the mu gene with the complete 3' end, suggesting that this terminus is not required for chromatin activation of the mu locus or for stability of the mRNA. The transgenes are expressed only in lymphoid organs. In contrast to our previous studies with MOPC-21 kappa transgenic mice, the mu transgene is transcribed in T lymphocytes as well as B lymphocytes. Thymocytes from mu and kappa mu transgenic mice display elevated levels of M-167 mu RNA and do not show elevated levels of kappa RNA, even though higher than normal levels of M-167 kappa RNA are detected in the spleen of these mice. Approximately 60% of thymocytes of mu transgenic mice produce cytoplasmic mu protein. However, despite a large amount of mu RNA of the membrane form, mu protein cannot be detected on the surface of T cells, perhaps because it cannot associate with T cell receptor alpha or beta chains. Mice with the complete mu transgene produce not only the mu transgenic mRNA but also considerably increased amounts of kappa RNA encoded by endogenous MOPC-167 like kappa genes. This suggests that B cells are selected by antigen (PC) if they coexpress the mu transgene and appropriate anti-PC endogenous kappa genes. Mice with the mu delta mem gene, however, do not express detectable levels of the endogenous MOPC-167 kappa mRNA. Like the complete mu transgene, the M-167 kappa transgene also causes amplification of endogenous MOPC-167 related immunoglobulins; mice with the kappa transgene have increased amounts of endogenous MOPC-167-like mu or alpha or gamma in the spleen, all of the secreted form. Implications for the regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression and B cell triggering are discussed.
Bone Scan Findings in Idiopathic Hyperphosphatasia
Authors: Erhan Varoglu, Behzat Ozkan, Coskun Ak, A Mecit Kantarci, Naci Ezirmik, Mustafa Yldrm, Bedri Seven, Fatih Akcay
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Hyperphosphatasia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by failure to transform woven bone into lamellar bone. A 12-year-old girl with the complaint of right humeral pain was referred for a bone scan with a suspicion of a right humeral bone cyst with respect to the radiographic examination. Bone scan revealed increased uptake in the right humerus at the site of the radiographic abnormality. Increased radiotracer uptake was observed not only in the right humerus, but also at other sites including the pelvis, femurs, and tibias. The patient had a traumatic femoral fracture in the right femur 3 years earlier. For the diagnosis of hyperphosphatasia, clinical, chemical, and radiographic findings are essential, and histopathologic diagnosis should also be done. Nowadays, mutations on the gene causing hyperphosphatasia have been described. In this case, we have used only clinical, chemical, and radiographic findings for diagnosis and, unfortunately, we did not perform a bone biopsy.
Infertility and pregnancy in epileptic women
Authors: Lisa Barrie Schwartz
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

About a third of women with epilepsy have catamenial seizures, which are seizures with a menstrual cyclicity. These seizures tend to occur mainly premenstrually, with a secondary ovulatory peak, but a quiet luteal phase. Also, menarche may precipitate onset of epilepsy or exacerbate seizures. The associations with the menstrual cycle have led to speculation about hormonal manipulation as treatment for seizures in women. 1 Morrell MJ, Ehie AL, Fox H, Montouris GD. Epilepsy in women: obstetric and gynecologic concerns. Symposium Summary of New Orleans, Louisiana Meeting, May 11, 1998. Google Scholar The association between seizures and the menstrual cycle is supported by animal studies, which in general have shown that oestrogen increases brain neuronal excitability, whereas progesterone decreases it. 1 Morrell MJ, Ehie AL, Fox H, Montouris GD. Epilepsy in women: obstetric and gynecologic concerns. Symposium Summary of New Orleans, Louisiana Meeting, May 11, 1998. Google Scholar Age-specific incidence and prevalence rates of treated epilepsy in an unselected population of 2 052 922 and age-specific fertility rates of women with epilepsyCompared with previous studies, we found that the incidence of epilepsy was higher in elderly people and lower in children. The prevalence rates also increase with age. Women aged 25–39 years with treated epilepsy have significantly lower fertility rates than those in the general population. Research is needed to identify any potentially preventable causes for the low fertility rates. Full-Text PDF
Medicine's International Characteristics, Responsibilities, and Opportunities
Authors: F. J. L. Blasingame
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIRTY-FOUR YEARS AGO, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan, then chairman of the Council on Medical Education and Hospital of the American Medical Association, pointed out that medicine is one of the great functions of modern civilization. He said: Medicine is in everyday contact with every individual in every community. Without modern scientific medicine, without modern public health service, our modern civilization would soon cease to exist. Great cities, such as London, New York, Paris and Chicago, would be impossible. They would soon rot away under great plagues as the larger centers of population did in the Middle Ages. Medical education and medical practice are not functions of the university and the medical profession alone; they are functions of modern civilization in which the entire community is vitally interested. That statement, so true in 1928, has even greater application in the world today. Now, the "entire community" is literally the whole world.
Accident and emergency doctors lack proper training in trauma
Authors: A J Price, G Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

mobility.A reduction in dependence is a notable feature to aim for to decrease the level of disability.Even though patients who are able to walk after amputation may become wheelchair dependent within five years, they have a good quality of life for up to five years and may maintain this from a wheelchair.The suggestion that it is best to forgo prosthetic rehabilitation and issue a wheelchair to elderly patients who have had a lower limb amputated is incorrect.Minerva is right, however, to say that the home environment needs to be adapted for wheelchair independence.
Placenta Growth Factor-1 antagonizes VEGF-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth by the formation of functionally inactive PlGF-1/VEGF heterodimers
Authors: Anna Eriksson, Renhai Cao, Robert Pawliuk, Sanna-Maria Berg, Monica Tsang, Danielle Zhou, Christina Fleet, Katerina Tritsaris, Steen Dissing, Philippe Leboulch, Yihai Cao
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
In situ monitoring with Tradescantia around nuclear power plants.
Authors: S Ichikawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Highly sensitive mutational responses of the stamen-hair system of some Tradescantia clones heterozygous for flower color (blue/pink, the blue being dominant) to low-level radiation and chemical mutagens, as demonstrated in the last decade, seem to endorse this system to be the most promising biological tester for detecting the genetic effects of mutagens at low levels. Two triploid (thus sterile) clones, KU 7 and KU 9, have been established as those suitable for in situ monitoring of environmental mutagens. In situ monitoring with such Tradescantia clones was first tried in 1974 around a nuclear power plant in Japan, then has been repeated until 1979 around more nuclear plants. About 260,000 to 1,570,000 stamen hairs were observed per year per nuclear plant (about 12-million hairs in total), and the data of pink mutation frequency were analyzed statistically. Significantly increased mutation frequencies were observed and were correlated to the operation periods of the nuclear facilities and to predominant wind direction, but not to other environmental factors. Considering physical monitoring data of radiation dose in the air, internal exposure due to incorporation and concentration of man-made radioactive nuclides seems to be of a greater importance in increasing mutation incidence.
Migrating synovial fibroblasts: a homogenous population?
Authors: S Lefevre, B Zimmermann, A Lehr, H Sturz, J Steinmeyer, S Rehart, U Muler-Ladner, E Neumann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Chronic inflammation and cartilage destruction are central features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA synovial fibroblasts (SF) play a key role in cartilage destruction and in the spreading of the disease by migrating to and invading into cartilage. As demonstrated recently in the SCID mouse model of RA, RASF migrate through the blood stream to implanted cartilage independent of its chondrocyte viability and species background. The aim of this study was to analyse whether isolated RASF represent a homogenous …
REMARKABLE SEQUENCE OF OPERATION FOR NECROSIS AT BASE OF SKULL: A NEW METHOD OF RESECTING THE THIRD BRANCH OF THE FIFTH NERVE.Read before the American Medical Association, at Detroit, June, 1892.
Authors: G. LENOX CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

About a year ago a case came into my hands for operation, which presented unusual features of interest from the surgical standpoint, not merely on account of the immediate results, but because of the suggestion which it afforded of a decided improvement in an important surgical operation. On May 15, 1891, the patient, Miss M., aged 25, a professional nurse by occupation, presented a note from Charles M. Magee, M.D., of Syracuse, N. Y., asking me to make a careful examination of her symptoms and condition, and stating his opinion that she had been suffering for the preceding five months from confined pus. somewhere at the base of the skull. He had, the note added, sent the patient to her dentist some two months before, but no trouble was found, though on the day previous to her coming to me the dentist had discovered pus coming from around one of
Maintenance of a normal thymic microenvironment and T-cell homeostasis require Smad4-mediated signaling in thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Lukas T. Jeker, Thomas Barthlott, Marcel P. Keller, Saulius Zuklys, Mathias Hauri-Hohl, Chu-Xia Deng, Georg A. Holländer
Journal: Blood (2008)
1049-108 B-type natriuretic peptide and chest radiograph findings as indicators of systolic dysfunction in patients presenting with acute dyspnea
Authors: Catherine Wold Knudsen, Torbjorn Omaland, Arne Westheim, Paul Clopton, William T Abraham, Alan Storrow, James K McCord, Richard Nowak, Phillippe Duc, Peter McCullough, Alan Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cutaneous larva migrans with folliculitis: report of seven cases and review of the literature
Authors: E. Caumes, F. Ly, F. Bricaire
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Seven patients (four men, three women, mean age 31 years), all returning from the tropics, presented with pruritic folliculitis and creeping eruption. The folliculitis consisted of 20–100 follicular papules and pustules confined to a particular area of the body, mainly the buttocks. The creeping eruption consisted of two to 10 serpiginous or linear burrows 1–5 cm long located either in the same area or in a different area from the folliculitis. Five patients were cured with one to three courses of ivermectin (one course in two cases, two courses in two cases and three courses in one case) and two patients were cured with a 3‐day regimen of albendazole. Folliculitis should be added to the dermatological manifestations of cutaneous larva migrans. Treatment is more difficult than in classical forms of cutaneous larva migrans.
c-mos Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation
Authors: Irby J. Lovette, Eldredge Bermingham
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Nucleotide sequences from the c-mos proto-oncogene have previously been used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between distantly related vertebrate taxa. To explore c-mos variation at shallower levels of avian divergence, we compared c-mos sequences from representative passerine taxa that span a range of evolutionary differentiation, from basal passerine lineages to closely allied genera. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on these c-mos sequences recovered topologies congruent with previous DNA-DNA hybridization–based reconstructions, with many nodes receiving high support, as indicated by bootstrap and reliability values. One exception was the relationship of Acanthisitta to the remaining passerines, where the c-mos–based searches indicated a three-way polytomy involving the Acanthisitta lineage and the suboscine and oscine passerine clades. We also compared levels of c-mos and mitochondrial differentiation across eight oscine passerine taxa and found that c-mos nucleotide substitutions accumulate at a rate similar to that of transversion substitutions in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. These comparisons suggest that nuclear-encoded loci such as c-mos provide a temporal window of phylogenetic resolution that overlaps the temporal range where mitochondrial protein-coding sequences have their greatest utility and that c-mos substitutions and mtDNA transversions can serve as complementary, informative, and independent phylogenetic markers for the study of avian relationships.
Drug derived radicals: mediators of the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs?
Authors: B Halliwell, P J Evans, H Kaur, S Chirico
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Reactive oxygen species in rheumatoid arthritis It is now generally accepted that oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species play some part in the pathology of inflammatory joint disease, though whether this is a major or minor part remains to be established.'A radical is any species containing one or more unpaired electrons (denoted by a superscript dot, ).Examples are the superoxide radical (Q2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH,).The term reactive oxygen species is a broader term that includes not only Q°and OH-but also certain non- radical oxygen derived species, such as hydro- gen peroxide (H202) and hypochlorous acid (HOCI), which are potentially, damaging.)Increased formation of reactive oxygen species is probably a generalised response to tissue injury, as may be the increased synthesis of other 'injury mediators' such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, interleukins, and tumour necrosis factors. 1 2 There is therefore nothing special in showing increased activity of reactive oxygen species in any human disease: it is almost to be expected.1 2 What needs to be done (as for any putatively important injury mediator) is to show that reactive oxygen species are important contributors to disease activity (table 1).This has been exceptionally difficult because reactive oxygen species are hard to measure, but fortunately new methods are becoming avail- able.' Sources of reactive oxygen species in rheumatoid arthritis Synovial fluid neutrophils, and macrophages in the pannus, probably generate some 02and H202 in the inflamed rheumatoid joint.
Does Free Care Improve Adults' Health?
Authors: Robert H. Brook, John E. Ware, William H. Rogers, Emmett B. Keeler, Allyson R. Davies, Cathy A. Donald, George A. Goldberg, Kathleen N. Lohr, Patricia C. Masthay, Joseph P. Newhouse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Abstract Does free medical care lead to better health than insurance plans that require the patient to shoulder part of the cost? In an effort to answer this question, we studied 3958 people between the ages of 14 and 61 who were free of disability that precluded work and had been randomly assigned to a set of insurance plans for three or five years. One plan provided free care; the others required enrollees to pay a share of their medical bills. As previously reported, patients in the latter group made approximately one-third fewer visits to a physician and were hospitalized about one-third less often. For persons with poor vision and for low-income persons with high blood pressure, free care brought an improvement (vision better by 0.2 Snellen lines, diastolic blood pressure lower by 3 mm Hg); better control of blood pressure reduced the calculated risk of early death among those at high risk. For the average participant, as well as for subgroups differing in income and initial health status, no significant effects were detected on eight other measures of health status and health habits. Confidence intervals for these eight measures were sufficiently narrow to rule out all but a minimal influence, favorable or adverse, of free care for the average participant. For some measures of health in subgroups of the population, however, the broader confidence intervals make this conclusion less certain. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1426–34.)
Serologic and functional characterization of a panel of antigen-presenting cell lines expressing mutant I-A class II molecules.
Authors: L H Glimcher, S O Sharrow, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

An improved method is described for selecting mutant cells with an altered pattern of Ia antigenic determinants and antigen-presenting properties from an homogeneous population of functional antigen-presenting cells (APC). The APC line used, TA3, was a somatic cell hybrid obtained by fusing normal heterozygous H-2a/d B cells with a drug-marked variant of a BALB/c B lymphoma line. Two phenotypic groups of mutants were obtained by this method. Serologic analysis with a panel of anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibodies suggested that the change in the first group of mutants (type A mutants) involved the alteration of a portion of one epitope of the I-Ak molecule while in the second group of mutants (type B), an alteration of a different Ia epitope group had occurred. Functional studies using a panel of cloned antigen-specific and autoreactive T cell hybridomas demonstrated that the loss of a limited number of I-Ak determinants in the type A mutants correlated with the loss of some but not all I-Ak-encoded restriction elements, while the type B mutation(s) resulted in the ablation of all I-Ak-restricted APC functions tested. These mutations may occur in the region of the Ia molecule that interacts with the T cell receptor (the histope) or in a postulated region that interacts with antigen (the desetope). The finding that both type A and B mutations lead to loss in the capacity to be corecognized with many different antigens by I-Ak-restricted T cell hybridomas suggests that the Ia molecule may possess very few distinct histotopes and/or desetopes or that the tertiary structure of the Ia molecule is crucial in the formation of these sites. Alternatively, the mutations, particularly the type B mutations, may have led to the failure of expression of an entire alpha or beta chain.