tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Drug Lag
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  After more than a year's delay, Dr Crout, the Director of the Bureau of Drugs of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has responded (234:480, 1975) to my editorial (229:689, 1974) on the drug lag in introducing new antihypertensive agents in the United States. My editorial was in reference to an article in the same issue ofThe Journal(229:693,1974) by Dr William O'Brien, a British physician who was writing on the treatment of hypertension. Among other drugs, Dr O'Brien advocated the use of bethanidine, debrisoquine, and propranolol, which are either not available or do not have labeling approved to recommend use in hypertension in this country.  The expressed purpose of Dr Crout's letter was to correct alleged inaccuracies in the editorial, including my criticism of the delay by the FDA in approving these drugs. My actual statement was as follows: Applications for approval of these drugs
Poor outcome in disseminated intravascular coagulation or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients with severe vascular endothelial cell injuries
Authors: Hideo Wada, Yoshitaka Mori, Minori Shimura, Katzuyo Hiyoyama, Mika Ioka, Takahiro Nakasaki, Masakatsu Nishikawa, Masahiko Nakano, Kousuke Kumeda, Toshihiro Kaneko, Shin Nakamura, Hiroshi Shiku
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Various hemostatic and vascular endothelial cell markers were measured in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), non-DIC, or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and in healthy volunteers to examine the relationships between the hemostatic abnormalities or vascular endothelial cell injuries and the patients' outcomes. Although the plasma levels of soluble fibrin monomer, thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex, and D-dimer were significantly increased in the DIC patients, there were no significant differences in these markers between the DIC patients who survived and those who died, suggesting that these markers might not be directly related to the patient outcome. The plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels in the DIC and TTP patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy volunteers, and the plasma TM levels in the patients who died were significantly higher than those in the patients who survived. These findings showed that the TM level reflected the outcome, and that the outcome of the diseases underlying DIC and TTP might depend on vascular endothelial cell injuries. The plasma protein C and antithrombin activities were markedly reduced in the DIC, non-DIC, and TTP patients who died compared to those who survived. These findings suggest that reduced plasma antithrombin and protein C activities are useful markers of systemic vascular endothelial injuries. Although the plasma tissue factor (TF) levels were significantly increased in the DIC patients, there was no significant difference in the plasma TF levels between the DIC patients who died and those who survived. In conclusion, we found that the outcome of the diseases underlying DIC and TTP is related to vascular endothelial cells, and that plasma TM, antithrombin, and protein C are useful markers for systemic vascular endothelial cell injury. Am. J. Hematol. 58:189–194, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Loss of duodenal folds allows diagnosis of unsuspected coeliac disease.
Authors: G R Corazza, E Brocchi, G Caletti, G Gasbarrini
Journal: Gut (1990)

We report three patients with coeliac disease who presented without the classic features of malabsorption and who underwent biopsy and were diagnosed only because of the endoscopic finding of the disappearance of Kerckring9s folds in the descending duodenum. This sign constitutes a new and valid aid for the identification of patients with otherwise unsuspected coeliac disease.
Sodium ion mediated regulation of Na/K-ATPase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: K. Yamamoto, U. Ikeda, K. Okada, T. Saito, K. Kawakami, K. Shimada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Sodium ion mediated regulation of Na/K-ATPase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells Get access Keiji Yamamoto, Keiji Yamamoto Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Correspondence to Dr Ikeda. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Uichi Ikeda, Uichi Ikeda Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Koji Okada, Koji Okada Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toshikazu Saito, Toshikazu Saito Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kiyoshi Kawakami, Kiyoshi Kawakami Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazuyuki Shimada Kazuyuki Shimada Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-04, Japan — Department of Cardiology: K Yamamoto, U Ikeda, K Shimada; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism: K Okada, T Saito; Department of Biology: K Kawakami. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Pages 957–962, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.957 Published: 01 July 1994 Article history Received: 15 October 1993 Accepted: 05 January 1994 Published: 01 July 1994
Thyroid Hemangioma
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR, RITESH GUPTA, SHIKHA KHULLAR, BHARTHI DASAN J, ARUN MALHOTRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 53-year-old man was found serendipitously to have increased blood-pool uptake in the right lobe of the thyroid during a radionuclide ventriculography study for left ventricular function. Primary thyroid hemangioma is a rare condition, with only two cases reported in the literature. Secondary hemangioma may occur as a result of fine-needle aspiration. This technique may cause hematoma formation, which generally resolves normally, but on rare occasions it can lead to cavernous hemangioma formation. In patients with a thyroid swelling who have a cold nodule on a thyroid scan and only blood on repeated fine-needle aspiration, Tc-99m erythrocyte blood-pool imaging may be performed to diagnose hemangioma.
Effect of programme on sexually transmitted diseases on clinic attendances
Authors: C B S Schofield
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The results are, however, in contrast with the observation2 that a raised fluoride con- centration in drinking water or supplementary fluoride intake increases the fluoride content of milk in lactating women; in this study the fluoride content of human milk was increased by about 15-40", of daily supplements of 5 mg sodium fluoride.Though the dose of daily supplements employed was higher (5 mg) than the 1-5 mg used by Dr Ekstrand and others, the results of this study contradict their conclusion that fluoride is not transferred from plasma to breast milk.Therefore further studies employing higher (more than 1-1 5 mg/day) dosages of sodium fluoride need to be undertaken to see if transfer of fluoride from plasma to breast milk is a dose-dependent phenomenon.Such studies will also simulate the natural conditions under which the newborn children are breast-fed in regions where water is very rich in fluoride.Dr Ekstrand and his colleagues have reported that fluoride does not bind to any constituent of breast milk.But there is evidence3 that fluoride in milk is not totally diffusible as it is bound to fat, the albumin- globulin fraction, and casein, which contains a quarter of the total fluoride in whole milk.This discrepancy in the observations also needs evaluation.
Medical Waste Disposal Rules Expected in 1989
Authors: Sandra Smrek Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A NEW LAW, just signed by the President, seeks to ensure safer beaches by creating a paper trail from the hospital to the disposal site for infectious medical wastes.  Before next summer, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to issue rules that will make sure wastes like syringes and blood vials reach their disposal destination safely, according to Mike Petruska, chief of Special Projects, Characterization Section of the EPA's Office of Solid Waste. The rules, Petruska said, will probably be modeled after the program that currently regulates hazardous waste, which requires documentation to follow the waste.  Spurred by last summer's panic after medical debris washed up on beaches, the Medical Waste Tracking Act gives the EPA six months to develop a two-year demonstration program that would track medical wastes in certain states. New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and the Great Lakes states will be the sites of this program.  Possibly
Circulating Cardiac Troponin T Exhibits a Diurnal Rhythm
Authors: Lieke J.J. Klinkenberg, Jan-Willem van Dijk, Frans E.S. Tan, Luc J.C. van Loon, Marja P. van Dieijen-Visser, Steven J.R. Meex
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fetal haemodynamic response to acute maternal hyperoxygenation as predictor of fetal distress in intrauterine growth retardation.
Authors: D. Arduini, G. Rizzo, C. Romanini, S. Mancuso
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Renalfunction and bone biochemistry in three children after ifosfamide treatment Plasma Fractional Fractional Glomerular Plasma alkaline Plasma Plasma Plasma excretion of excretion of filtration phosphate phosphatase potassium calcium magnesium phosphate* glucose ratet (mmol/l) (U/I) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (%) (%) (ml/min/1 73 mi)
Neurological Complications of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: J. N. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This publication provides an excellent oppor- tunity for keeping up to date with the growing points of gastroenterology, particularly those which are of special interest and concern to the clinician.The book has been published in record time, following the course held in Oxford in January this year.It is a book which is equally important for senior gastroenterologists as it is for those who are starting to work in this field.P. R. Salmon discusses the scope of present- day gastrointestinal endoscopy.Denis Gibbs surveys the normal appearances in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy-of particular in- terest to the younger endoscopists-and K. F. R. Schiller reviews the diagnostic applications.The endoscopist, the histo- pathologist, the cytologist come together in the chapter by Martin Roca, R. Whitehead, and M. M. Boddington to review tissue diagnosis.P. B. Cotton is the obvious choice
Mind the gap: the policy response to the NHS nursing shortage
Authors: B. Finlayson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The British government has launched local and national initiatives to tackle the problems of recruiting and retaining nursing staff. But will these be sufficient to resolve the current crisis? 

Difficulties in recruiting and retaining key workers are severely hampering the quality of service the NHS can provide and the progress towards “modernisation.” In our other article published in this same issue, we outline the extent of recruitment and retention problems in the nursing and midwifery workforce. Here, we describe the main initiatives for England introduced by the government to tackle the problems and the new administrative machinery to implement them. We discuss whether these initiatives will be adequate.

### Summary points

The underlying causes of recruitment and retention can be grouped under four broad headings: pay and the cost of living; the changing nature of the job; feeling valued; and the availability of other employment opportunities.1 Recent government policies to tackle these problems relate to the first three. We consider the main initiatives outlined in the NHS Plan and the white paper Improving Working Lives. 2 3

### Pay and cost of living

The government has sought to improve nurses' salaries through a series of annual increases and special allowances. From 1 April 2001, nurses received a basic pay increase of 3.7%. Senior nurses (including charge nurses, ward sisters, and nurse specialists), on whom the government was dependent to implement key aspects of the NHS Plan, …
Muscle extract infusion in rabbits. A new experimental model of the crush syndrome.
Authors: Y Blachar, J S Fong, J P de Chadarévian, K N Drummond
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Previous studies provide inconclusive data concerning the nephrotoxicity of myoglobin following muscle injury. We investigated the possibility that released muscle constituents other than myoglobin may be associated with renal damage, and studied accompanying hematological and coagulation changes. An extract of homologous or autologous muscle was infused intravenously in rabbits in a dose of 100 mg of muscle extract protein/kg; equine myoglobin was given to control animals. Experimental animals developed proteinuria, cylindruria, and a 50% reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and evidence of intravascular coagulation also were seen. The muscle extract was shown to have thromboplastic activity; however inhibition of this by phospholipase C did not prevent the changes induced by muscle extract infusion possibly because the intrinsic changes coagulation pathway still was activated. Although moderate hypotension and ECG changes developed in some rabbits, these were not consistent and the renal functional changes appeared to be independent of these factors. Pulmonary and glomerular microthrombi were seen in experimental animals and there was vacuolation of the renal proximal tubular cells. The studies indicate that a number of biological systems are activated following muscle extract infusion and that these may be more important than the nephrotoxicity of myoglobin in the pathogenesis of the renal injury.
CYTOTOXICITY IN GRAFT-<i>VERSUS</i>-HOST REACTION
Authors: Jagat N. Singh, E. Sabbadini, A. H. Sehon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Under in vitro conditions spleen cells from nonirradiated F1 hybrids, in which a (graft-vs.-host) (GVH) reaction had been induced with lymphoid cells of parental origin, lysed nonspecifically target cells, i.e., cells syngeneic or allogeneic to the parental genotypes. Furthermore, tumor cells exposed in vitro to spleen cells of F1 hybrid mice undergoing GVH reaction had markedly decreased ability to grow in syngeneic recipients. Experiments involving inhibition of cytotoxicity with alloantisera indicated that this nonspecific effect was due to host cells. By contrast, spleen cells of lethally irradiated F1 hybrids undergoing GVH reaction lysed specifically the target cells of the genotype against which the parental (donor) cells had been sensitized; this finding further supports the contribution of host cells to the nonspecific cytotoxic effects in GVH reaction. From these results it was deduced that the cytotoxic effects during GVH reaction involve at least two processes: (a) sensitization of the donor cells to the antigens of the recipient resulting in the activation of their potential to lyse specifically the recipient's cells, and (b) activation of the host's cells into a state of nonspecific cytotoxicity, as a consequence of the immunologically specific attack of the donor cells.
Middle Ear Disease and the Practice of Pediatrics
Authors: David W. Teele
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To determine the burden on pediatricians imposed by disease of the middle ear, we analyzed data from 2,570 children followed up prospectively since birth. Disease of the middle ear accounted for a large proportion of all visits made during the first five years of life, rising from 22.7% during the first year to about 40% in years 4 and 5. About one visit in three made for illness of any kind resulted in the diagnosis of disease of the middle ear. Approximately three fourths of all visits to follow up any illness were made to follow up disease of the middle ear. Disease of the middle ear was diagnosed at between 5% and 10% of all well-baby visits. Children from private practice averaged fewer visits for all reasons than did children using a large neighborhood health center, but the proportions of visits accounted for by disease of the middle ear were similar in both settings. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1026-1029)
Endoscopic Management of Malignant Biliary Obstruction and Recurrent Cholangitis with a Self-Expanding Prosthesis
Authors: T. Bozkurt, B. Butsch, P. C. Lederer, G. Lux
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Endoscopic implantation of a prosthesis usually provides effective palliation in malignant biliary obstruction and in some cases of benign strictures. The most common problem concerning stent patency is occlusion, which may lead on to cholangitis and septic complications. A new technique employing self-expanding stents offers encouraging results. Preliminary clinical experience with expanding biliary stents are reported. The expectations of the doctor and patient, and the preferences and advantages of this new method are discussed on the basis of a case report with recurrent septic complications caused by conventional biliary prosthesis.
Row over force feeding of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Doctors in the Netherlands have argued that patients with dementia who are terminally ill should be allowed to starve rather than be artificially fed. They spoke out after the relatives of a patient with Alzheimer's disease accused a nursing home of attempted murder, claiming the home intentionally let him dehydrate.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease who consistently refuse food and drink are rarely force fed in the Netherlands in contrast to the policy in other countries such as Germany and the United States. It is argued that force feeding needlessly extends the dying …
THE BREAKING OF THE VICIOUS CIRCLE
Authors: J. B. Hurry
Journal: BMJ (1913)

On the seventh day, as the flap showed no promise of retracting, I reopened the post-aural wound, and found that froom here all along the posterior meatal wall bone and skin were-soparated-by a clot.In amount this clot was sufficient to fill a dessert-spoon, and miore tllan the space would be expected to hold; much of it lay in the deepest part of the meatus, levering the cut skin-edge forwards, so that it lay directly over and parallel to the drumi.After the removal of the clot and the passage of a tube as before, healing, with a good lumen and cure of, all symptoms, was uneventful.This case slhows that, apart from any of its general physiological disadvantages, adrenalin niay cause me- clhanical trouble by reasoni of the vasomotor paresis which follows the phase of vaso-constriction.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and T315I mutation following failure of imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Dan Jones, Megan Breeden, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Susan O'Brien, Farhad Ravandi, Gautam Borthakur, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2008)
Grasping cerebellar function depends on our understanding the principles of sensorimotor integration: The frame of reference hypothesis
Authors: Anatol G. Feldman, Mindy F. Levin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The cerebellum probably obeys the rules of sensorimotor integration common in the nervous system. One such a rule is formulated: the nervous system organizes spatial frames of reference for the sensorimotor apparatus and produces voluntary movements by shifting their origin points. We give examples of spatial frames of reference for different single- and multi-joint movements including locomotion and also illustrate that the process of motor development and learning may depend critically on the formation of appropriate frames of reference and the organism's ability to manage them. We suggest that a solution to the problem of sensorimotor integration may not be trivial and may actually change the mental and experimental paradigms used in the understanding of the cerebellum and other brain structures, [HOUK et al.; SIMPSON et al.; SMITH; TIIACH]
The Effect of Multiple Neuroimaging Studies on Classification, Treatment, and Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Stephen M. Salerno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

To examine the effect of serial neuroimaging studies on the diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of patients with acute stroke.Retrospective case series.Tertiary care teaching hospital.206 adult patients (mean age +/- SD, 66.0 +/- 10.8 years) hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute stroke between 1990 and 1993.Strokes were retrospectively assigned to five categories (large-vessel, small-vessel, cardioembolic, other, or unknown) using standardized criteria based on the history, physical examination, ancillary test results, and first computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the head. Strokes were reclassified after the results of further neuroimaging studies, if any, were reviewed. The type and timing of therapy and the patient outcome at hospital discharge were documented.The additional studies changed stroke classification in only 20.0% of the 140 patients who had two or more neuroimaging studies. All classification changes were from the unknown cause category to a category with a specific cause. In most patients receiving treatment (93.2%), therapy began before an additional CT or MRI study was obtained. In patients who had one neuroimaging study, 70.1% went home, 24.0% went to a skilled nursing facility, and 5.9% died; the corresponding percentages in persons who had multiple studies were 73.3%, 24.4%, and 2.2% (P > 0.1).Serial neuroimaging studies did not alter the classification of strokes for which an initial diagnosis had already been made. However, they were useful in determining the cause of strokes initially classified as having an unknown cause. Therapy was almost always begun immediately after the first CT or MRI study was obtained. Outcome at hospital discharge was not significantly related to the number of neuroimaging studies obtained.
Occult chlamydial ophthalmia in men with non-gonococcal urethritis.
Authors: E F Monteiro, J A Bradbury, M O'Donnell, I G Rennie, G R Kinghorn
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Sur 60 hommes atteints d'urethrite non gonococcique, 8 presentent une infection oculaire asymptomatique par Chlamydia trachomatis. Efficacite du traitement traditionnel par tetracycline, chlortetracycline et demeclocycline pendant 2 semaines