tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Spectrum of Primary Tuberculosis in Adults
Authors: WILLIAM W. STEAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Thirty-seven adults with tuberculosis are reported, in whom there was evidence (usually tuberculin conversion) that infection was of primary type. The clinical spectrum of primary tuberculosis ranges from a total lack of symptoms in most to massive miliary tuberculosis in a few. Between these extremes, 9 were observed with minor clinical illness accompanied by parenchymal infiltrate, 11 with pleural effusion, and 16 with chronic tuberculosis. Chronic lesions appeared in some at the site of the primary implantation but were more common in the apex, probably because of hematogenous seeding there in the course of the primary infection. Of particular interest were 16 patients in whom primary tuberculosis progressed within a few months or years into chronic pulmonary tuberculosis; reinfection appeared to play no role. Such progression supports the "unitary concept" of tuberculosis recently advocated (1-3). Whenever tuberculin-negative persons (even adults) are exposed to an open case of tuberculosis, infection may take place and be treacherous: primary tuberculosis is difficult to recognize because of mildness of illness, tendency to spontaneous "healing," and lack of prior tuberculin data in most cases. Despite absence of initial illness, primary tuberculosis may progress either sooner or later to chronic tuberculosis. Prevention of serious complication of primary infection can be accomplished by two means: vaccination of persons who must be exposed in work (Peace Corps workers, etc.) with Calmette-Cuérin bacillus to prevent infection, or prophylactic chemotherapy with isoniazid (INH) for those in whom infection has already occurred.
Completed consultant episodes increase but hospital discharges decrease.
Authors: A. Clarke, P. Tinsley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

feasible, it could be judged irresponsible not to do so owing to the risk to health of not getting regular exercise.Given proper provision for it, for the great majority of the population cycling as part of the routine of daily travel has the potential for improving fitness in a way that cannot be matched by any other comparable exercise regime-for instance, the report shows that there is only one public swimming bath for every 45 000 people in Britain.
Cancer Drug Costs
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Methyl-cellulose paint possibly causing heart failure.
Authors: P L Weissberg, I D Green
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> “Life-ending acts without explicit patient request,” as identified in robust international studies, are central in current debates on physician-assisted dying. Despite their contentiousness, little attention has been paid to their actual characteristics and to what extent they truly represent nonvoluntary termination of life. <h3>Methods</h3> We analyzed the 66 cases of life-ending acts without explicit patient request identified in a large-scale survey of physicians certifying a representative sample of deaths (<i>n</i> = 6927) in Flanders, Belgium, in 2007. The characteristics we studied included physicians’ labelling of the act, treatment course and doses used, and patient involvement in the decision. <h3>Results</h3> In most cases (87.9%), physicians labelled their acts in terms of symptom treatment rather than in terms of ending life. By comparing drug combinations and doses of opioids used, we found that the life-ending acts were similar to intensified pain and symptom treatment and were distinct from euthanasia. In 45 cases, there was at least 1 characteristic inconsistent with the common understanding of the practice: either patients had previously expressed a wish for ending life (16/66, 24.4%), physicians reported that the administered doses had not been higher than necessary to relieve suffering (22/66, 33.3%), or both (7/66, 10.6%). <h3>Interpretation</h3> Most of the cases we studied did not fit the label of “nonvoluntary life-ending” for at least 1 of the following reasons: the drugs were administered with a focus on symptom control; a hastened death was highly unlikely; or the act was taken in accordance with the patient’s previously expressed wishes. Thus, we recommend a more nuanced view of life-ending acts without explicit patient request in the debate on physician-assisted dying.
NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Supports Renal Tumorigenesis by Promoting the Expression and Nuclear Accumulation of HIF2α
Authors: Jennifer L. Gregg, Robert M. Turner, Guimin Chang, Disha Joshi, Ye Zhan, Li Chen, Jodi K. Maranchie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Most sporadically occurring renal tumors include a functional loss of the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Development of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies upon activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), a master transcriptional regulator of genes that drive diverse processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, and anaerobic metabolism. In determining the critical functions for HIF2α expression in RCC cells, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been identified, but the pathogenic contributions of NOX4 to RCC have not been evaluated directly. Here, we report that NOX4 silencing in VHL-deficient RCC cells abrogates cell branching, invasion, colony formation, and growth in a murine xenograft model RCC. These alterations were phenocopied by treatment of the superoxide scavenger, TEMPOL, or by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or catalase. Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF2α in RCC cells. Our results offer direct evidence that NOX4 is critical for renal tumorigenesis and they show how NOX4 suppression and VHL re-expression in VHL-deficient RCC cells are genetically synonymous, supporting development of therapeutic regimens aimed at NOX4 blockade.
Bone Biopsy to Diagnose Hyperoxaluria in Patients with Renal Failure
Authors: MEREDITH MATHEWS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare congenital disorder characterized by large quantities of urinary oxalate with resultant nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis and by deposits of calcium oxalate in other organs. Renal failure occurs early in life. Reports of unsuccessful renal transplantation attempts in this disorder underscore the need for antemortem diagnosis. Percutaneous bone biopsy is a relatively new procedure that is easily done at bedside, safe, and of potentially high yield in the demonstration of tissue oxalate. Three cases presented here show the characteristic histologic picture seen in this disease. In one case, the diagnosis was established by bone biopsy.
Using N-of-1 Trials in Evidence-Based Clinical Practice—Reply
Authors: Victor M. Montori, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of antecedent malnutrition with persistent diarrhoea: a case-control study.
Authors: N. Bhandari, M. K. Bhan, S. Sazawal, J. D. Clemens, S. Bhatnagar, V. Khoshoo
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the effect of nutritional state on persistent diarrhoea a case-control study was carried out on 756 children followed up prospectively for 18 months. Children who developed persistent diarrhoea were compared with population controls and controls with acute diarrhoea. The mean weight for age in the children with persistent diarrhoea (69.9%) was significantly lower than that in the population controls (77.0%) and the diarrhoeal controls (76.2%). Weight for age of less than or equal to 70% was associated with persistent diarrhoea in both case-control analyses (population controls, matched odds ratio 3.25; diarrhoeal controls, matched odds ratio 2.46). The corrected odds (multiple logistic regression) in the two analyses were 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 8.1) and 3.4 (1.2 to 9.1). Weight for age of less than or equal to 70% increases the risk of persistent diarrhoea. In an underweight child there is a higher risk of diarrhoea becoming persistent. Prevention of malnutrition and intensive management of acute diarrhoea in malnourished children should help reduce the risk of the diarrhoea persisting.
Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio in relation to clinical and physiological parameters in asthmatic children with normal FEV1 values
Authors: Michael R. Simon, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Brenda R. Phillips, Christine A. Sorkness, Robert F. Lemanske, Stanley J. Szefler, Lynn Taussig, Leonard B. Bacharier, Wayne Morgan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Parallel interleukin 5 synthesis by eosinophils in duodenal and skin lesions of a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis.
Authors: P Desreumaux, A Janin, E Delaporte, S Dubucquoi, F Piette, A Cortot, M Capron, J F Colombel
Journal: Gut (1995)

A 59 year old man is presented with a diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis. Duodenal and skin biopsy specimens from blisters of both recent and late onset were collected before treatment. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridisation were performed to analyse the presence of activated eosinophils and the local synthesis of interleukin 5 (IL5). Parallel state of eosinophil activation and IL5 synthesis was found in the duodenal mucosa with total flat mucosa and in skin vesicles of recent onset. It is suggested that duodenal and cutaneous eosinophils can synthesise IL5 and then participate in small bowel and skin lesions.
Therapy of Renal Diseases and Related Disorders
Authors: Antonio P. Quintanilla
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Suki and Massry have done an excellent job putting together the second edition of this book. Larger and extensively revised, this new edition is needed, given the gains in the management of renal disease achieved in the brief lapse of three years. The first part covers fluid and electrolyte disorders. In 300 pages, the authors discuss the management of alterations in body osmolality, mineral metabolism, and acid-base balance. The section is full of practical advice on the treatment of frequently encountered clinical situations, the result not so much of novel information but of the resourceful application of basic physiology and the distilled experience of the authors. Also included in this section are the differential diagnosis and general principles for the management of acute renal failure. However, information on the miscellaneous conditions that result in acute renal failure is scattered throughout the book, with varying degrees of detail and expertise. The
The NHS observed. Navigating the seas of change.
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1991)

British and American medicine are like two ships crossing the Atlantic towards the other's shores.Both are curious what the other holds.The questions are: Will they meet and inspect one another?Will they quietly pass by each other?or Will they collide and both sink?At the same time, Europe's biggest employer, the NHS, prepares to join the European Community.And at home the government has set about restructuring how Britons will give and receive medical care.Doctors seem adrift in change.J7ohn Roberts, an American internist, toured England and Scotland for six weeks, interviewing general practitioners, nurses, consultants, students, house officers, patients, politicians, and people on the street.Here, andfor the next few weeks, he reports how doctors in Britain have adapted to the constant political, economic, and technological changes placed before them.
Purification of human adipose-derived stem cells from fat tissues using PLGA/silk screen hybrid membranes
Authors: Da-Chung Chen, Li-Yu Chen, Qing-Dong Ling, Meng-Hsueh Wu, Ching-Tang Wang, S. Suresh Kumar, Yung Chang, Murugan A. Munusamy, Abdullah A. Alarfajj, Han-Chow Wang, Shih-Tien Hsu, Akon Higuchi
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Random Blood Glucose Measurement at Antenatal Booking to Screen for Overt Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: David Church, David Halsall, Claire Meek, Richard A. Parker, Helen R. Murphy, David Simmons
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To assess random venous blood glucose (RBG) measurement at antenatal booking to detect “overt diabetes in pregnancy” (ODIP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of regional hospital obstetric data from 2004–2008 was performed. Universal RBG screening was included at booking. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered if RBG &amp;gt;7.0 mmol/L or other indications, e.g., if a 50-g glucose challenge test was &amp;gt;7.7 mmol/L at 26–28 weeks. ODIP was based upon World Health Organization plasma glucose criteria for diabetes. RESULTS RBG data were collected from 17,852/26,369 (67.7%) pregnancies around the initial antenatal visit; 3,007 women had an OGTT. The receiver operator curve area under the curve for RBG to detect ODIP was 0.86 (0.80–0.92) (assuming women without an OGTT did not have ODIP). CONCLUSIONS RBG at booking may provide a sufficiently sensitive screening tool for the detection of ODIP. We recommend further studies and comparison with fasting glucose and HbA1c.
Humoral Immunity in the Gut Selectively Targets Phenotypically Virulent Attaching-and-Effacing Bacteria for Intraluminal Elimination
Authors: Nobuhiko Kamada, Kei Sakamoto, Sang-Uk Seo, Melody Y Zeng, Yun-Gi Kim, Marilia Cascalho, Bruce A Vallance, José L Puente, Gabriel Núñez
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
INJECTIONS OF PROCAINE FOR SPRAINS AND DISLOCATIONS
Authors: Ralph R. Fitch
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To  Editor:—  The Paris correspondent under date of September 20 (The Journal, November 4, p. 1492) states that the medical profession is indebted to Professor Leriche of Strasbourg for a method of treatment of sprains and mild luxations, which consists in injecting a cubic centimeter of a solution of procaine hydrochloride (1: 1,000) at  level of  painful areas.... A person with a sprain thus treated can walk immediately after  injection.  A person so treated can walk immediately, but should he do so? I think that he should not, unless  sprained part is efficiently splinted (as with adhesive strapping). If by medication one stops pain and muscle spasm and then permits strain to be thrown on  injured tissues, those tissues have not a good chance to heal by first intention. Prolonged convalescence and impaired function are likely to be  result.  The correspondent continues: Schulmann
THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA FOR MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION IN ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS
Authors: Pedro Villablanca Spinetto, David Briceno, Jerson Munoz-Mendoza, Jose Iturrizaga, Marissa Lombardo, Evann Eisenberg, Nicole Cyrille, German Giese, Mario Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Ascorbic acid nutrition in gastroduodenal disorders.
Authors: M M Cohen, A M Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Folate Values in Psychiatric Patients-Carney BMITISH mental hospital unit, and 62 normal controls.Serum vitamin B12 estimations were also done on 368 of the patients.Though patients and controls did not differ on mean serum folate, there were significantly more patients with values below 2 mpug./ml.(" low folate ") than controls.Patients with epilepsy, organic psychoses, and endogenous depression had significantly lower mean serum folate, and chronic alcoholics significantly higher mean serum folate, than the controls; the former conditions also predominated among patients with low folate, a diagnostic pattern significantly at variance from that of patients with normal folate values and those with serum B12 <150 /itig./ml.Low folate patients had more haematologicalabnormalities, including low serum B12, than other patients; 75.2% had received drugs during the three weeks before admission, 22.9% showed evidence of malnutrition, 17% were physically ill, and 44.20% had been continuously ill for more than three years.
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and nitric oxide in rat steatotic liver transplantation
Authors: Esther Carrasco-Chaumel, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Ramon Bartrons, Rosa Franco-Gou, Carme Xaus, Arani Casillas, Emili Gelpí, Joan Rodés, Carmen Peralta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Thyroid hormones increase the contractility but suppress the effects of β-adrenergic agonist by decreasing phospholamban expression in rat atria
Authors: A Kaasik
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationships between the thyroid-hormone-dependent changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ handling and contractile performance in atria.Hypothyroidism in rats was induced by adding 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil to their drinking water for 6 weeks. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (1 microgram/g body weight) to euthyroid rats for 1 week. Left atria from the hearts with different thyroid states were examined by means of contractile measurements, SR oxalate-supported Ca(2+)-uptake, and Western blot of SR proteins.The tissue level of SR Ca(2+)-pump protein decreased in hypothyroid (46 +/- 6%) atria, but remained unchanged in hyperthyroid (110 +/- 8%) atria as compared with euthyroid atria. Hypothyroidism was associated with increased phospholamban expression (141 +/- 25%), whereas it was drastically downregulated under hyperthyroidism (21 +/- 4%). The rate of SR Ca(2+)-uptake, measured in the presence of the protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, was higher in hyperthyroid atria and lower in hypothyroid atria than in euthyroid atria (397 +/- 40, 55 +/- 6 and 194 +/- 17 nmol Ca2+/g protein/min, respectively). However, the stimulation of SR Ca(2+)-uptake by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A was relatively weaker in hyperthyroid (130 +/- 20% over control level without catalytic subunit) and stronger in hypothyroid (640 +/- 60%) than in euthyroid atria (280 +/- 40%). The rates of inotropic contraction (+dT/dt) were higher in the hyperthyroid atria (133 +/- 10 mN/s), but lower in hypothyroid atria (15 +/- 3 mN/s) than in their euthyroid counterparts (95 +/- 13 mN/s). Inversely, hypothyroid atria responded to isoproterenol with much larger increases in contractility (883 +/- 164% over the control values for the same muscle before addition of isoproterenol) and hyperthyroid with smaller increases (25 +/- 9%) than euthyroid preparations (207 +/- 17%)Thyroid hormones increase the contractility, but decrease the inotropic response to isoproterenol through decreasing the phospholamban/SR Ca(2+)-pump ratio in rat atria.
TCTAP A-026 Role of Coronary Collateral Circulation in Myocardial Infarct Size in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ika Dhanudibroto, Sunarya Soerianata, Manoefris Kasim, Pandu Riono
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Unusual Pattern of Lung Uptake of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid Seen on the Liver Scan of a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: CHARLES A. STEWART, GUO-LONG HUNG, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL, J G McHUTCHISON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

In evaluating alcoholic liver disease in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, a liver-spleen scan was performed that showed an unusual uptake of sulfur colloid in the lungs. There was diffuse uptake In the left lung and portions of the right lower lung with absent uptake in the right upper lobe and portions of the right lower lung corresponding to areas of pulmonary consolidation. A perfusion lung scan confirmed absent pulmonary arterial perfusion in these areas and a gallium scan demonstrated active infection there.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Biliary Drainage in a Patient with Malignant Obstructive Jaundice and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: S. Faiss, M. Zeitz, K. J. Wolf, J. S. Lewin, F. K. Wacker
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

In a patient suffering from malignant obstructive jaundice and thrombocytopenia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to guide percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, to avoid blind puncture of the bile ducts using fluoroscopy. The first puncture approach was successful, and an MRI-visible guide wire and drainage catheter were inserted successfully within 35 min. The course after the intervention was uneventful, and the patient's fever and itching improved. MRI guidance facilitated optimal procedure planning and high puncture accuracy.