tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Osteoporosis
Authors: Munro Peacock, Charles H. Turner, Michael J. Econs, Tatiana Foroud
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

Osteoporosis is a common multifactorial disorder of reduced bone mass. The disorder in its most common form is generalized, affecting the elderly, both sexes, and all racial groups. Multiple environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis. Genes also play a major role as reflected by heritability of many components of bone strength. Quantitative phenotypes in bone strength in the normal population do not conform to a monogenetic mode of inheritance. The common form of osteoporosis is generally considered to be a polygenic disorder arising from the interaction of common polymorphic alleles at quantitative trait loci, with multiple environmental factors. Finding the susceptibility genes underlying osteoporosis requires identifying specific alleles that coinherit with key heritable phenotypes in bone strength. Because of the close correspondence among mammalian genomes, identification of the genes underlying bone strength in mammals such as the mouse is likely to be of major assistance in human studies. Identification of susceptibility genes for osteoporosis is one of several important approaches toward the long-term goal of understanding the molecular biology of the normal variation in bone strength and how it may be modified to prevent osteoporosis. As with all genetic studies in humans, these scientific advances will need to be made in an environment of legal and ethical safeguards that are acceptable to the general public.
Direct to consumer drug advertising is billion dollar business in US
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Advertising prescription drugs to consumers benefits the public, improves their knowledge of health, and may reduce healthcare costs, Mike Magee, senior medical adviser to Pfizer and a urologist at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, argued at a symposium sponsored by the American Medical Writers Association in New York last week.

But his views were challenged by Susan Hershberg Adelman, a paediatric surgeon at the University of Michigan and a trustee of the American Medical Association, who said that at their best advertisements could inform consumers, advise them on a healthier lifestyle, and send them to see a doctor, but at their worst they could persuade patients to consume drugs without medical supervision.

People “see advertisements …
Adverse reactions to Althesin.
Authors: T M Savege
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We conclude that the factors likely to predispose an individual towards an adverse response are (a) genetic, (b) underlying immunopathological conditions, (c) frequency of exposure to a particular drug, and (d) various combinations of these.Genetic factors include both IgE (atopy) and comp- lement anomalies.Immunopathological con- ditions involving circulatory immune com- plexes, such as chronic infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, may "prime" complement systems, making them susceptible to activation by intravenous drugs.Adverse response can thus be attributed to a range of mechanisms and predisposing factors and no intravenous drug can be considered entirely safe.
Exploring the Medical Malpractice Dilemma
Authors: Blair L. Sadler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In this edited transcript of a conference held at the University of Pittsburgh, we learn that malpractice cases are being filed against physicians at the rate of 10,000 per year and that the cost of these claims now exceeds $50 million a year. In addition, we hear many of the frequently cited problems of malpractice from lawyers and physicians involved personally with the issue. On the plaintiff's side, there are the often-voiced complaints about the plethora of nuisance suits and our increasingly suitconscious society, the adverse publicity against physicians caused by malpractice actions, the unfair and arbitrary cancellation of malpractice policies, and the extensive delay between the time of injury and the time an injured claimant is actually reimbursed. From the defense perspective, we are reminded of the frequently described "conspiracy of silence" among the medical profession and the unwillingness of the profession to police itself adequately. Several practical dos
Possible cancer hazard associated with 5-methoxypsoralen in suntan preparation.
Authors: C Grupper, B Beretti
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Patients with chronic renal failure have an abnormal immunoreactive gastrointestinal hormone profile, which is characterised by raised fasting serum concentrations of hormones that have antagonistic effects on exocrine pancreatic function. In addition, in this present study we have found that in renal insufficiency cholecystokinin disappears slowly from the plasma after a constant intravenous infusion of the hormone (p = 0.05 compared with healthy subjects). To evaluate whether the stimulatory or inhibitory hormones have a predominant effect, pancreatic exocrine function under conditions of mannitol perfusion of the duodenum and continuous intravenous cholecystokinin stimulation was studied in eight patients who had severe chronic renal failure and eight age-matched and sex-matched control subjects. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with renal insufficiency had hypersecretion of trypsin in response both to mannitol perfusion of the duodenum and to cholecystokinin stimulation (p less than 0.05). No significant differences in lipase secretion were noted between the patients with renal insufficiency and control subjects. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, of the abnormally raised fasting serum concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones found in renal insufficiency, hormones that stimulate rather than inhibit pancreatic exocrine function predominate. Secondly, the dissociation between trypsin and lipase outputs in chronic renal failure may suggest a differential trophic influence of stimulatory hormones -- that is, hypercholecystokininaemia -- on pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion.
Finite element analysis of multi-piece post-crown restoration using different types of adhesives
Authors: Lin-Wei Lü, Guang-Wei Meng, Zhi-Hui Liu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

The multi-piece post-crown technique is more effective in restoring residual root than other restoration techniques. Various types of adhesives have different material properties that affect restoration. Therefore, the choice of adhesive is particularly important for patients. However, the effect of different kinds of adhesives was not too precise by experimental methods when concerning about individual differences of teeth. One tooth root can only be restored with one type of adhesive in experiment. After the mechanical test, this tooth root cannot be restored with other adhesives. With the help of medical imaging technology, reverse engineering and finite element analysis, a molar model can be reconstructed precisely and restored using different types of adhesives. The same occlusal and chewing loads were exerted on the same restored residual root models with different types of adhesives separately. Results of von Mises stress analysis showed that the adhesives with low Young's modulus can protect the root canal effectively. However, a root canal concentration is apparently produced around the root canal orifice when chewing. Adhesives with large Young's modulus can buffer the stress concentration of the root canal orifice. However, the root canal tissue may be destroyed because the adhesive is too hard to buffer the load.
The prognosis for patients with new-onset angina who have undergone cardiac catheterization.
Authors: K B Roberts, R M Califf, F E Harrell, K L Lee, D B Pryor, R A Rosati
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We investigated the prognostic significance of new-onset angina in patients in whom coronary anatomic characteristics were known. New onset angina was defined as angina of less than 3 months duration. Consecutive patients (n = 1727) with significant coronary artery disease (diagnosed at cardiac catheterization) and who had not had a prior myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure were studied. In patients with new-onset angina (n = 329) there was a higher incidence of single-vessel disease (43% vs 27%) and a lower incidence of triple-vessel (23% vs 35%) and left main artery (5% vs 10%) disease compared with patients with chronic angina (n = 1398). Patients were classified by the presence or absence of preinfarction angina (severe and prolonged angina at rest requiring hospitalization to rule out myocardial infarction). In patients treated without surgery and who did not have preinfarction angina, survival at 1 year was 97% for patients with new-onset angina and 98% for those with chronic angina (p = .27). Among patients not treated surgically who did not have preinfarction angina, at 1 year 16% with new-onset angina and 7% with chronic angina had suffered a cardiac event (nonfatal myocardial infarction or death, p = .006). In patients treated surgically who did not have preinfarction angina, survival at 1 year was 96% both for those with new-onset angina and those with chronic angina (p = .99). The risk of an event in patients treated surgically at 1 year was not statistically different in patients with new-onset angina and those with chronic angina (12% vs 11%, p = .27). Survival and event-free rates were lower in patients with preinfarction angina than in patients who did not have it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanism of Reduction in Titers From Lentivirus Vectors Carrying Large Inserts in the 3′LTR
Authors: Fabrizia Urbinati, Paritha Arumugam, Tomoyasu Higashimoto, Anil Perumbeti, Kyle Mitts, Ping Xia, Punam Malik
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviruses flanked by the 1.2-kb chicken hypersensitive site-4 (cHS4) insulator element provide consistent, improved expression of transgenes, but have significantly lower titers. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Lengthening the lentiviral (LV) vector transgene cassette by an additional 1.2 kb by an internal cassette caused no further reduction in titers. However, when cHS4 sequences or inert DNA spacers of increasing size were placed in the 3'-long terminal repeat (LTR), infectious titers decreased proportional to the length of the insert. The stage of vector life cycle affected by vectors carrying the large cHS4 3'LTR insert was compared to a control vector: there was no increase in read-through transcription with insertion of the 1.2-kb cHS4 in the 3'LTR. Equal amount of full-length viral mRNA was produced in packaging cells and viral assembly/packaging was unaffected, resulting in comparable amounts of intact vector particles produced by either vectors. However, LV vectors carrying cHS4 in the 3'LTR were inefficiently processed following target-cell entry, with reduced reverse transcription and integration efficiency, and hence lower transduction titers. Therefore, vectors with large insertions in the 3'LTR are transcribed and packaged efficiently, but the LTR insert hinders viral-RNA (vRNA) processing and transduction of target cells. These studies have important implications in design of integrating vectors.
785 SORAFENIB PLUS OCTREOTIDE IN ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: UPDATED RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: S. Del Prete, R. Addeo, M. Caraglia, L. Maiorino, V. Montesarchio, G. Cennamo, R. Guarrasi, V. Faiola, L. Leo, A. Febbraro, B. Vincenzi, C. Savastano, L. Tarantino, A. Sabia, E. Capasso, G. Palmieri, A. Giorgio, M. Bianco, L. Montella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Anti-U3 snRNP antibodies in localised scleroderma
Authors: K YAMANE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Localised scleroderma (LScl) is a connective tissue disorder usually limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but it sometimes affects the muscle beneath the cutaneous lesions. The absence of Raynaud's phenomenon, acrosclerosis, and internal organ involvement differentiates LScl from systemic sclerosis (SSc).1 LScl has been reported to be accompanied by a variety of abnormal immune reactions, such as the presence of antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-single-stranded DNA antibody (anti-ssDNA), and antihistone antibody.2-5 

In our laboratory an indirect immunofluorescent study showed nucleolar staining in the serum samples of some patients with LScl. Although autoantibodies to nucleolar antigens have been well described in patients with SSc,6 7 these antibodies have not been determined in patients with LScl, and the incidence of anti-U3 snRNP antibodies has not been described previously. In this study we investigated the prevalence of anti-U3 snRNP antibodies using RNA immunoprecipitation,8 and examined the clinical and laboratory features of patients with LScl. In addition, we examined the serum samples …
Differential protease expression by cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas.
Authors: A P Sappino, D Belin, J Huarte, S Hirschel-Scholz, J H Saurat, J D Vassalli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To assess the postulated role of plasminogen activation in tumor invasion, we have investigated the cellular sites of synthesis for urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators and their inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in two human cutaneous neoplasia that differ in their metastatic potential. The combined use of zymography on tissue sections and in situ hybridization demonstrates that uPA is produced by malignant cells of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) but not by basal cell carcinomas (BCC), whereas tPA is detected exclusively in nonmalignant dermal tissue. In addition, we show that SCC neoplastic cells simultaneously produce variable amounts of PAI-1, and that PAI-1 production correlates inversely with uPA enzymatic activity. These observations establish that invasive human malignant cells in vivo can activate plasminogen through uPA production during the early phases of tumor growth; they also demonstrate that the proteolytic activity of tumor cells can be modulated by the concomitant production of PAI-1. Because SCC have a higher invasive and metastatic potential than BCC, our findings lend further support to the involvement of plasminogen activation in malignant behavior.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disorders Using Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Elastography
Authors: Yoshiki Hirooka, Akihiro Itoh, Hiroki Kawashima, Eizaburo Ohno, Takuya Ishikawa, Hiroshi Matsubara, Yuya Itoh, Masanao Nakamura, Ryoji Miyahara, Naoki Ohmiya, Yasumasa Niwa, Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiaki Katano, Hidemi Goto
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Hepatitis C infection and injection drug use: The role of hepatologists in evolving treatment efforts
Authors: Thomas F. Kresina, Leonard B. Seeff, Henry Francis
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Treatment regimens for both substance abuse and hepatitis C infection are complex and evolving. New pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction allows for office-based treatment and, thus, an opportunity for expanded treatment in the context of hepatitis C infection. The current article addresses the newly evolving, complex issues in the medical management of hepatitis C and injection drug use. (Hepatology 2004;40:516-519.)
Reidentification and redescription
Authors: Marc D. Hauser, W. Tecumseh Fitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Millikan's account of substance concepts fails to do away with features. Her approach simply moves the suite of relevant features into an encapsulated module. The crux of the problem for scientists studying human infants and nonhuman animals is to determine how individuals reidentify objects and events in the world.
T cell regulation of B cell activation. I-A-restricted T suppressor cells inhibit the major histocompatibility complex-restricted interactions of T helper cells with B cells and accessory cells.
Authors: Y Asano, R J Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The present studies have identified cloned Lyt-1+2- T suppressor (Ts) cells that are both antigen specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted in their activation requirements and that function to regulate the MHC-restricted activation of B cells by T helper (Th) cells. ParentA-restricted Ts clones suppressed, in antigen-specific fashion, the responses generated by (A X B)F1 Th cells cooperating with parentA (B plus accessory) cells, but did not suppress responses by the same (A X B)F1 Th cell population cooperating with parentB (B plus accessory) cells. Moreover, responses of (A X B)F1 leads to parentA Th cells and (A X B)F1 (B plus accessory) cells were suppressed by parentA-restricted Ts clones but not by parentB-restricted Ts clones. Thus, these findings suggest that the cloned Ts cells that have been characterized here function by specifically inhibiting the MHC-restricted interaction between Th cells and B and/or accessory cells. It was further demonstrated in experiments using cloned Th and Ts populations that these Lyt-1+2-Ts cells act not simply as inducers of suppressor but rather function in a restricted fashion as effector cells in the suppressor pathway.
Californian voters increase cigarette tax
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

California voters have approved a controversial initiative that will use money from an increase in cigarette tax to fund antismoking programmes and campaigns.

Last week's initiative–known as Proposition 10–was passed by a tiny margin, with 50.1% of voters in favour. It approved an increase of 50 cents (31p) per pack in the state's cigarette tax. The …
Deduction of duodenal ulcer recurrence by healing with cimetidine plus sulpiride.
Authors: M Tatsuta, H Iishi, S Okuda
Journal: Gut (1986)

The effect of combined treatment with sulpiride plus cimetidine was compared against that of cimetidine alone on the healing of duodenal ulcer and on the subsequent relapse rate. In a double blind study, 35 patients with duodenal ulcer diagnosed by endoscopy were randomly assigned to receive cimetidine 800 mg daily and 38 patients to receive cimetidine 800 mg plus sulpiride 200 mg daily. Sixty patients whose ulcers were healed at three months continued to be observed after stopping treatment and underwent endoscopy to detect recurrences when symptomatic or at three and at six months if asymptomatic. Recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 patients whose ulcers had healed on cimetidine alone, but in only 11 (38%) of 29 patients whose ulcers healed on cimetidine plus sulpiride.
Balancing Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Control
Authors: Leonard Pogach, David Aron
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intensive Insulin Treatment and QT-interval
Authors: Stefanos Foussas, Alexander Stefanidis, Andreas Melidonis, Symeon Tournis, Panayiotis Michail, Theodosios Dosios, Panayiotis Asimacopoulos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Rate-corrected QT-interval (QTc) and QT-dispersion (QTdisp) are two related electrocardiographic variables that, apart from assessing the autonomic dysfunction, can also predict cardiac death in diabetic patients. Several studies have suggested that change of QTdisp reflects the “dynamic pathological process” in a variety of cardiac diseases. Particularly, QTdisp was found to increase significantly during ischemia and to decrease after anti-ischemic treatment during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (1).

The beneficial effect of optimal metabolic control achieved by intensive insulin therapy on the outcome of diabetic patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction has already been reported (2). Nevertheless, hyperinsulinemia has also …
NHS will collapse without "building blocks" of general practice, warns GP leader
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

General practice is the “building blocks” of the NHS, and without it the system would collapse, the chairman of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee told representatives attending the BMA’s local medical committees conference in York this week.

In his first speech to the conference as chairman of the committee, Chaand Nagpaul said, “Let me warn those that continue in their quest to denigrate us . . . you certainly won’t have the last laugh when you won’t have a GP to turn to in times of need and when the NHS collapses …
Number of confirmed swine flu cases could be "tip of iceberg"
Authors: A. O'Dowd, F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Surveys from several countries have identified the presence of risk factors known to be associated with coronary heart disease in children. Data on the distribution of coronary risk factor variables in British children are scarce. This study was therefore designed to test the feasibility of collecting coronary risk factor data from British children and to conduct a preliminary examination of the problem. One hundred and seven children (mean age 12.8 yr) had their height, weight, triceps skinfold and blood pressure checked. Blood samples for cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol analysis were obtained from 93 children. Peak VO2 was determined on 48 children, 76 children had their daily activity monitored and 59 children9s stage of sexual maturity was assessed. The boys9 peak VO2 was significantly higher than the girls, whether expressed in l.min-1 (p less than 0.05) or ml.kg.-1min-1 (p less than 0.01). No other significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between the sexes were detected. The results indicate that children have relatively high serum cholesterol levels (boys 4.58 +/- 0.79; girls 4.72 +/- 0.80 mmol.l-1). The willingness and enthusiasm of the children, parents and schools to take part in the study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of a large scale study being successfully pursued in the United Kingdom.
FK-614, a selective peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonist, improves peripheral glucose utilization while decreasing hepatic insulin extraction in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs
Authors: Hiroshi Uchino, Tony Kim, Tony K.T. Lam, Hidenori Yoshii, Peter Klement, Wendy Williams, Ryuzo Kawamori, Adria Giacca
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Mechanisms of action of intracerebral neural implants: studies on nigral and striatal grafts to the lesioned striatum
Authors: Anders Björklund, Olle Lindvall, Ole Isacson, Patrik Brundin, Klas Wictorin, Robert E. Strecker, Deborah J. Clarke, Stephen B. Dunnett
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1987)