tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Shyam Sundar, Steven G Reed, Vijay P Singh, Prasanna CK Kumar, Henry W Murray
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Background A firm diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) requires demonstration of the parasite in organ aspirates or tissue biopsy samples. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions. Methods One drop of peripheral blood is applied to the nitrocellulose strip. Three drops of test buffer (phosphate-buffered saline plus bovine serum albumin) are added to the dried blood. The development of two visible bands indicates presence of IgG anti-K39. 323 consecutive patients with suspected kala-azar referred to two specialist units in India, and 25 healthy controls, provided fingerstick blood samples for the test. Spleen aspirates were taken from 250 patients. Findings Kala-azar was confirmed by microscopy of spleen-aspirate smears in 127 patients. The K39 strip test was positive in all 127; the estimated sensitivity was therefore 100% (95% Cl 98–100). Four patients had positive strip tests but negative aspirate smears; all four responded to treatment for leishmaniasis. 217 individuals, including the 25 healthy controls, 73 patients with malaria or tuberculosis, and 119 spleen-aspirate-negative patients who had presumed malaria or cirrhosis (79) or no final diagnosis (40), had negative strip-test results. None of the 119 aspirate-negative patients developed evidence of kala-azar during 3–6 months of follow-up. The estimated specificity of the strip test was 98% (95–100; 217/221). Interpretation Detection of anti-K39 by immuno-chromatographic strip testing is a rapid and non-invasive method of diagnosing kala-azar, which has good sensitivity and specificity and is well suited for use in field conditions.
Perhexiline maleate toxicity on human liver cell lines.
Authors: J Y Le Gall, A Guillouzo, D Glaise, Y Deugnier, M Messner, M Bourel
Journal: Gut (1980)

When added to the culture medium of human liver cell lines, perhexiline maleate induced formation of numerous myeloid bodies containing unicentric or multicentric smooth membranes within a few days. The nine lysosomal enzyme activities studied, except for beta-galactosidase which decreased, remained unchanged. These results indicate that on cultured human liver cells perhexiline maleate has an effect similar to that described on hepatocytes of some patients treated with this drug and suggest that myeloid body formation is not due to impairment of lysosomal enzyme activities.
Contractile Properties of Glycerol-Extracted Muscle Bundles from the Chronically Failing Canine Heart
Authors: ELLIS S. BENSON, BEN E. HALLAWAY, CHARLES E. TURBAK
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Chronic congestive heart failure was induced in dogs by the surgical production of tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis. Glycerol-extracted trabecular bundles from the right and left ventricles of these dogs developed significantly less tension than did similar preparations from the hearts of normal dogs. The maximum working capacity of the bundles from failing hearts was lower than that of bundles from normal hearts, hut the rate of hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate was the same as that of normal heart preparations. Since glycerol-extracted muscle bundles retain the basic contractile properties of fresh, surviving whole muscle but are free from membrane, neurohormonal, ionic and pH effects and are isolated from energy-supplying systems of muscle, defective contractility and decreased working capacity of muscle bundles from failing hearts may be appropriately ascribed to physiochemical changes in the contractile protein, actomyosin. Such alterations are undoubtedly of structural significance, and are related to the conformation changes in actomyosin which characterize the contractile cycle of muscle.
Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Saudi Arabia Clinical, Pathologic, and Management Characteristics
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN AL-NUAIM, MOHAMMED AHMED, SIEMA BAKHEET, ABDUL MAJEED ABDUL KAREEM, STIG INGMENSON, SAAD AL-AHMARI, BASIMA AL-SAIHATI, M. ASHRAF ALI#, MOHAMMED AKTHAR#
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

During a 3-year period, 233 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital (KFSH) (79% were female; 94% were national subjects). Pathology revealed 88% pure papillary carcinoma and 12% mixed papillary and follicular carcinoma, 7% microfocus, 18% well encapsulated, 24% capsular invasion, and 51% soft tissue invasion. Thirty percent of patients who had initial surgery not done at KFSH compared with 93% of patients who had initial surgery done at KFSH had an I-123 24-hour uptake < 5%. One hundred seventeen patients required completion thyroidectomy at KFSH for significant residual thyroid tissue, 56% of those had residual papillary carcinoma. The amenability of papillary thyroid cancer for cure necessitates the optimization of management at the national level. In Saudi Arabia, papillary thyroid cancer presented in an advanced stage, especially in males as manifested by the large primary tumor size, advance pathologic staging, and distant metastases at the time of presentation. Findings at second surgery, showed significant residual disease.
Activation of the NF-κB Pathway by Inflammatory Stimuli in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Patrick P. McDonald, Anette Bald, Marco A. Cassatella
Journal: Blood (1997)

Abstract Activated neutrophils have the ability to upregulate the expression of many genes, in particular those encoding cytokines and chemokines, and to subsequently release the corresponding proteins. Although little is known to date concerning the regulation of gene transcription in neutrophils, it is noteworthy that many of these genes depend on the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB, for inducible expression. We therefore investigated whether NF-κB/Rel proteins are expressed in human neutrophils, as well as their fate on cell activation. We now report that dimers consisting of p50 NFκB1, p65 RelA, and/or c-Rel are present in neutrophils and that the greater part of these protein complexes is physically associated with cytoplasmic IκB-α in resting cells. Following neutrophil stimulation with proinflammatory agonists (such as lipopolysaccharide [LPS], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and fMet-Leu-Phe) that induce the production of cytokines and chemokines in these cells, NF-κB/Rel proteins translocated to nuclear fractions, resulting in a transient induction of NF-κB DNA binding activity, as determined in gel mobility shift assays. The onset of both processes was found to be closely paralleled by, and dependent on, IκB-α degradation. Proinflammatory neutrophil stimuli also promoted the accumulation of IκB-α mRNA transcripts, resulting in the reexpression of the IκB-α protein. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first indication that NF-κB activation may underlie the action of proinflammatory stimuli towards human neutrophil gene expression and, as such, adds a new facet to our understanding of neutrophil biology.
Neurological Complications in Clinical Haematology
Authors: Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The interface between hematology and neurology is broad, and neurological complications in the course of hematologic disease are frequent and varied. Both hematologists and neurologists should welcome a reference volume dealing with this interface, as there is a void in this area. <i>Neurological Complications in Clinical Haematology</i>does not claim to be a reference volume and because of its limited scope it fails to fill the void entirely. The authors contend that they have avoided those topics covered by standard textbooks, but their coverage hardly goes beyond the most commonly encountered hematologic diseases: anemias, immunolymphoproliferative diseases, myeloproliferative diseases, and thrombohemorrhagic diseases. Moreover, the selection of topics is somewhat erratic. While there is a fairly extensive treatment of transient cerebral ischemia (hardly qualifying as a hematologic condition), such topics as Gaucher's disease and other lipid storage diseases that can present as hematologic disorders with neurological manifestations have been ignored. Porphyria is
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Ginkgo biloba&lt;/emph&gt; and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Lei Feng
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discrimination of Hb D Los Angeles (B121 Glu-Gln) and Hb Beograd (B121 Glu-Val) by Dual Restriction Enzyme Analysis
Authors: N. Akar, A. Özden, E. Akar, S. Cin, A. Arcasoy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Hb D Los Angeles (B121 Glu‐Gln) and Hb Beograd (B121 Glu‐Val) can be identified by different techniques. Here we describe a dual restriction enzyme digestion protocol (EcoR I G AATTC) and Tsp509 I (AATT) for the discrimination of these variants.
Angiogenesis and Neoplasia
Authors: Pietro M. Gullino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

In this issue of the Journal, Chodak and his co-workers1 report that urine from patients with carcinomas of transitional epithelium induced greater mobilization of cultured capillary endothelium than did urine from a variety of controls. For a full appreciation of these results, a brief outline of previous observations related to this area of research is pertinent.In 1977 Albrecht-Buehler reported an ingenious method for quantitating the mobility of cultured cells. The procedure is based on the observation that cells moving on a glass substrate covered with gold particles form characteristic particle-free tracks that can be recorded and measured. Applied . . .
Students’ PEARLS: successfully incorporating evidence-based medicine in medical students’ clinical attachments
Authors: Martin R. Stockler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM) to medical students can be tough, and even the most enthusiastic champions of EBM concede that many medical students emerge unconvinced of EBM’s value. Some students “just don’t get it”; others see EBM as idealistic, impractical, and unable to hurdle the barriers of limited time, evidence, and generalisability. Students want quick and simple answers to myriad questions, which are often more complicated than they seem. But EBM and its teaching were initially devised for qualified doctors already accustomed to the subtleties and vagaries of clinical practice; its answers are rarely quick or simple.

We developed PEARLS (Presentations of Evidence Abstracted from Research Literature to Solve real people’s problems) with these considerations in mind. We designed PEARLS for medical students who were starting clinical attachments in the third year of a 4-year programme and who had already been taught the principles and basic skills of EBM during their first 2 years. Our rationale was that a positive experience with a simple, efficient model for applying EBM in clinical practice would encourage its subsequent use.

PEARLS are 15-minute presentations given by students addressing a focused clinical question raised by their contact with a real patient during a recent clinical attachment. Clinical attachments last 4 weeks and are to various medical, surgical, and emergency units in university teaching hospitals. Students are rostered to do 1 PEARLS presentation during the first few months of year 3, but they can …
Anglo-American Views of Health and the Family
Authors: STANLEY E. BRADLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorial Note1 October 1978Anglo-American Views of Health and the FamilySTANLEY E. BRADLEY, M.D.STANLEY E. BRADLEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-569 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBy all accounts the family is in a perilous state. Changes in patterns of behavior, moral constraints, freedom, responsibilities, communications, and consequences of technology coupled with far-reaching populational shifts have put the family and society, for which it has served as a base and a paradigm, under increasing strain and confusion. Divorce rates are high, up 700% in this century. Parent-child interaction is decreasing; two of three children born in this decade will grow up in single-parent homes, and enrollment in day care centers has doubled between 1965 and 1970. Juvenile delinquency is up; school dropouts have increased in 3... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 569-569KeywordsBehaviorChildren Issue Published: 1 October 1978 Copyright & Permissions© 1978 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSFORMATION OF SPLEEN CELLS ONE DAY AFTER INFECTION OF MICE WITH FRIEND LEUKEMIA VIRUS
Authors: Giovanni B. Rossi, Gustavo Cudkowicz, Charlotte Friend
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Proliferation and erythroid differentiation of transplanted DBA/2 marrow cells and Friend virus-induced leukemic cells were assessed in syngeneic, allogeneic (H-2 compatible), and (BALB/c x DBA/2)F(1) hybrid mice (CDF(1)). Measurements were made 5 days after transplantation of donor cells into nonirradiated or X-irradiated mice by the spleen colony or the (125)IUdR-(59)Fe uptake methods. Growth of DBA/2J (Jackson subline) marrow grafts was poor in irradiated CDF(1)J hybrids as compared with growth in syngeneic and allogeneic hosts. The DBA/2J transplants proliferated, however, without impairment in irradiated CDF(1) hybrids which were the progeny of DBA/2 male parents of other sublines, e.g. DBA/2Ha, DBA/2Cr, and DBA/2Cum. In contrast, tissue-cultured Friend leukemic cells of DBA/2J origin grew deficiently in all CDF(1) hybrids tested, regardless of irradiation and of the DBA/2 parent's subline. The growth pattern of transplanted DBA/2J cells was a manifestation of hybrid resistance. The results with DBA/2J and other DBA/2 subline grafts suggested that hybrid histocompatibility alleles were expressed to a greater extent in leukemic than in normal marrow cells, for the former were consistently recognized as "nonself" by CDF(1) mice, but not the latter cells. The property of deficient growth in irradiated CDF(1)Ha hybrids was acquired by DBA/2J hemopoietic cells within 6 hr from infection in vivo with Friend leukemia virus, and persisted during the following 8 days. It was ascribed to enhanced expression of hybrid histocompatibility gene(s) (Hh) induced by the virus. Autonomous growth potential of hemopoietic cells, manifested by proliferation in nonirradiated recipients, was first detected 24 hr from infection, and likewise persisted at the later intervals. At the same time, the infected cells grew deficiently also in nonirradiated CDF(1)Ha mice. The two irreversible cellular changes were regarded as the earliest signals of virus-induced transformation.
1-131 Accumulation in Gastric Pull-Up Simulating Pulmonary Metastases on Total-Body Scan for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: JAMES E. WHITE, FRED W. FLICKINGER, M E MORGAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A follow-up total-body I-131 scan in a patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma demonstrated radionuclide accumulation in the right hemithorax. Originally thought to be pulmonary metastatic thyroid carcinoma, the uptake region proved to be intrathoracic gastric mucosa. The patient had been treated for squamous cell esophageal carcinoma by esophagogastrostomy reconstruction with gastric pull-up. This unusual imaging pattern could have been interpreted as metastatic disease in the absence of complete patient records, an appreciation of normal gastric concentration patterns of I-131, and corroborative imaging study analysis.
Abstract LB-68: MYCN-induced TRPM7 expression and channel activity occurs through a mechanism that involves ornithine decarboxylase
Authors: Dana-Lynn T. Koomoa, Ingo Lange
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extra-cranial solid cancer in children. MYCN is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that are involved in cell proliferation, growth, cell migration, etc. MYCN gene amplification is a prognostic indicator of poor outcome in NB. Recent studies have shown that intracellular free calcium regulates multiple steps involved in cell migration. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the role of calcium during migration, little has been achieved towards understanding its impact on the malignant progression of NB. Our results showed that MYCN gene amplification or over-expression of MYCN in NB cells increased TRPM7 expression, increased peak TRPM7 current, induced constitutive TRPM7 channel activity, enhanced calcium signaling, and promoted cell migration, implicating TRPM7 as a potential regulator of calcium signals that promote NB cell migration and invasion. Recent results suggest that MYCN may regulate TRPM7 expression through a process that involves ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, and a direct transcriptional target of MYCN. Treatment of NB cells with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, or transfection of ODC specific siRNA effectively decreased TRPM7 expression. This effect was attenuated by supplementing the culture media with spermidine, confirming that ODC may function downstream of MYCN to regulate TRPM7 expression. Interestingly, western blot analysis of NB cell lysates showed that MYCN induced the cleavage of the TRPM7 kinase domain, a post-translational modification that has been shown to increase TRPM7 currents and induce constitutive TRPM7 channel activity. Additionally, DFMO inhibited TRPM7 cleavage, an effect that was reversed by spermidine supplementation. Taken together, these results suggest that MYCN may regulate TRPM7 expression and channel activity through a mechanism that involves ODC-mediated polyamine biosynthesis. Citation Format: Dana-Lynn T. Koomoa, Ingo Lange. MYCN-induced TRPM7 expression and channel activity occurs through a mechanism that involves ornithine decarboxylase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-68. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-68
Optimal Timing of Breast Cancer Surgery: Findings Revive Debate
Authors: N. S. Larsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Optimal Timing of Breast Cancer Surgery: Findings Revive Debate Get access Natalie S. Larsen Natalie S. Larsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 8, 21 April 1993, Pages 605–607, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.8.605 Published: 21 April 1993
Equilibrium-point control? Yes! Deterministic mechanisms of control? No!
Authors: Mark L. Latash
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The equilibrium-point hypothesis (the λ-model) is superior to all other models of single-joint control and provides deep insights into the mechanisms of control of multi-joint movements. Attempts at associating control variables with neurophysiological variables look confusing rather than promising. Probabilistic mechanisms may play an important role in movement generation in redundant systems.
Saline-Cooled Versus Standard Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Infarct-Related Ventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Kyoko Soejima, Etienne Delacretaz, Makoto Suzuki, Corinna B. Brunckhorst, William H. Maisel, Peter L. Friedman, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Saline cooling of the electrode during radiofrequency (RF) ablation increases lesion size in animal models. If cooled RF also increases lesion size in human infarcts, it should facilitate the termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods and Results —In 66 patients with VT due to prior infarction, 366 ablation sites, which were classified by entrainment and isolated potentials followed by ablation during VT with either standard RF energy (247 sites) or cooled RF (119 sites), were retrospectively reviewed to compare the efficacy for terminating VT. RF energy was applied at 259 isthmus sites, 62 bystander sites, 28 inner loop sites, and 17 outer loop sites. Compared with standard RF, cooled RF terminated VT more frequently at isthmus sites where an isolated potential was present (89% versus 54%, P =0.003), isthmus sites without an isolated potential (36% versus 21%, P =0.04), and at inner loop sites (60% versus 22%, P =0.04). Termination rates were similarly low for cooled and standard RF at bystander sites (14% versus 9%, P =0.56) and outer loop sites (13% versus 11%, P =0.93). Conclusions —Greater efficacy of cooled RF for terminating VT is consistent with the production of a larger lesion in human infarctions, which should facilitate successful ablation.