tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Buckwheat Allergy: Health Food, an Inhalation Health Risk
Authors: Carl‐Johan Göhte, Gunilla Wieslander, Klas Ancker, Matgit Forsbeck
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Thirteen out of 28 persons (14 men and 14 women) employed in a company which imports, prepares and distributes plant products used in spices and as ingredients in so-called health food, had developed work-related symptoms in the form of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, itch or urticaria. The symptoms occurred in connection with specific work operations, especially in the grinding and packaging of buckwheat. Seven out of 25 examined persons (28%) had at least one positive allergy test (prick test or RAST) against buckwheat. Furthermore, one person had positive RAST against extract from castor-oil bean. The correlation between positive allergy tests and work-related symptoms is significant. Fourteen persons were also patch tested. All were negative except one person who had a positive patch test against nickel. The nickel allergy was diagnosed before this study was done and had no relation to the work. The levels of airborne dust in the breathing zones of the workers when they performed dust-forming work were around and below 5 mg/m3. When buckwheat flour was packaged, the airborne dust levels were about 1-2 mg/m3. Thus, exposure to comparatively low levels of buckwheat dust may induce a definite risk of rapidly ensuing allergy. It is also obvious that persons without atopic stigmata, such as an earlier history of allergy or the occurrence of allergic diseases in relatives, risk becoming allergic. A conclusion is that health food could be a danger, when it is inhaled.
133 THE AGEING DETERMINANT P66SHCA PROMOTES ETHANOL-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE BY DOWNREGULATING MITOCHONDRIAL SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE
Authors: G. Pani, O.R. Koch, A. Cravero, S. Farre', S. Chiatamone Ranieri, S. Fusco, T. Galeotti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract SY34-01: Biomarkers for predicting response to PI3K inhibitors
Authors: Lewis C. Cantley
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is a central enzyme in a signaling pathway that mediates cellular responses to growth factors. The pathway is highly conserved from worms and flies to humans and genetic analysis of the pathway has revealed a conserved role in regulating glucose metabolism, cell growth and organism longevity. Based on deletion of genes encoding the catalytic or regulatory subunits of PI 3-kinase in the mouse, PI 3-kinase mediates insulin-dependent regulation of glucose metabolism, and defects in activation of this pathway result in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, mutational events that lead to hyperactivation of PI 3-kinase result in cancers. Activating mutations in PIK3CA, encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase or inactivating mutations in PTEN, a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatases that reverses the effects of PI 3-kinase, are among the most common events in solid tumors. We, and others have generated mouse models in which a mutated form of the PIK3CA gene is expressed in a tissue-specific and reversibly inducible manner. These mice develop cancers that are dependent on continuous expression of the mutant PIK3CA gene. The PIK3CA driven tumors are FDG-PET positive and turning off PI 3-kinase with drugs results in an acute decline in FDG-PET signal that precedes tumor shrinkage. These results suggest that the ability of PI 3-kinase to stimulate high rates of glucose uptake and metabolism may be critical for the survival of PIK3CA mutant tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY34-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY34-01
Sidelining Safety — The FDA's Inadequate Response to the IOM
Authors: Sheila Weiss Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In a 2006 report, the Institute of Medicine implored the FDA to “embrace a culture of safety” by increasing the priority accorded to the safety of patients. Sheila Weiss Smith writes that the FDA's response to the IOM report demonstrates a lack of understanding of the magnitude of the changes required to create a culture of safety.
Patient Consent for Publication-Reply
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —In response to the issue of informed consent for publication raised by Dr Kirsch, I believe that in most circumstances identifying information should not be published unless the patient gives written consent for publication. Further-more, I believe informed consent for publication should be obtained in certain other circumstances in which it is feasible and appropriate. I do not believe, however, that informed consent should be required in every conceivable situation. From an ethical perspective, the moral principle of respect for autonomy, the principle from which the concept of informed consent is derived, should not always trump other moral principles such as nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Conflicts between moral principles (eg, between autonomy and beneficence) result in moral problems. Such problems cannot be routinely satisfactorily resolved by adhering to a requirement of a group of journal editors.  Kirsch suggests that any patient should have the right to control the publication
Pathogenesis of congestive state in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamics, and plasma hormones during edema and after recovery.
Authors: I S Anand, Y Chandrashekhar, R Ferrari, R Sarma, R Guleria, S K Jindal, P L Wahi, P A Poole-Wilson, P Harris
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The pathogenesis of salt and water accumulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear and may differ from that in patients with congestive heart failure due to myocardial disease. This study was undertaken to investigate some of the mechanisms involved.Hemodynamics, water and electrolyte spaces, renal function, and plasma hormone concentrations were measured in nine patients with edema due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in six patients after recovery. Mean cardiac output (3.8 +/- 0.26 l/min.m2) was normal, but right atrial (11 +/- 1 mm Hg) and mean pulmonary arterial (41 +/- 3 mm Hg) pressures were increased. Mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (11 +/- 1 mm Hg) was normal. Pulmonary vascular resistance (8.6 +/- 1.3 mm Hg.min.m2/l) was increased, but systemic vascular resistance (19.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg.min.m2/l) and mean arterial pressure (83 +/- 4 mm Hg) were low. All patients were hypoxemic (PaO2, 40 +/- 2 mm Hg) and hypercapnic (PaCO2, 60 +/- 2 mm Hg). There was a significant increase in total body water (+21%), extracellular volume (+45%), plasma volume (+45%), blood volume (+88%), and exchangeable sodium (+38.2%). Renal plasma flow was severely reduced (-63.2%), but glomerular filtration rate was only mildly decreased (-32%). Significant increases were seen in plasma norepinephrine (3.5-fold normal), renin activity (7.6-fold normal), vasopressin (twice normal), atrial natriuretic peptide (9.4-fold normal), growth hormone (10.7-fold normal), and cortisol (1.9-fold normal). After recovery, the PaO2 increased (50 +/- 3 mm Hg) and PaCO2 fell (45 +/- 4 mm Hg), and the patients became free from edema. All the body compartments returned toward normal, although they did not entirely reach normal values. Renal plasma flow increased significantly, and glomerular filtration became normal. Right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (p less than 0.01). Cardiac output decreased but not significantly. Blood pressure increased but not significantly. However, systemic vascular resistance increased significantly to a normal value.We conclude that patients with edema due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have severe retention of salt and water, reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, and neurohormonal activation similar to that seen in patients with edema due to myocardial disease. However, unlike the latter, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cardiac output is normal, and systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure are low. This probably is due to the vasodilator properties of hypercapnia. The consequent low arterial blood pressure may be the stimulus for the neurohormonal activation and retention of salt and water.
Bournemouth hospital trust threatens to evict medically fit patients who refuse to leave
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Dorset hospital trust has warned that it plans to give patients who no longer need to stay there for medical reasons seven days’ notice to vacate their beds, and if they do not do so it will consider “evicting” them.

The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust told the BBC that, on Wednesday 19 November, 70 of its patients were medically fit to leave and some were remaining in hospital for spurious reasons.

Katie Whiteside, clinical manager for discharge services at the Royal Bournemouth, told the BBC that one family had asked the hospital to “keep hold” of a relative while they took a two week holiday in Turkey. Others had said that they disliked the decor of care homes or the staff member who met them at the door. “Sometimes they are decorating the house or having a ‘granny annexe’ built and they know that, while the patients are here, they are being fed, watered and looked after,” said Whiteside.

Although the trust expects to resolve most such cases through …
Of Mugs and Marketing
Authors: Jared Haft Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THERE was once a time when I prided myself on my control of my relationship with drug companies. They talked, they cajoled, they bribed, they hinted; I remained pure. No claim went unchallenged; no treatment choices were made at their behest. Journal advertisements, detail visits, logo-covered trinkets: I was immune to their blandishments. My critical faculties were placed on instant alert at the hint of a marketing maneuver. My patients were secure, my professional ethics always intact. I knew that a good doctor was a good skeptic, and I kept my skills sharpened on the primitive efforts the admen made to mislead me. Times, and I, have changed. I have come to believe that skepticism is an inadequate defense against undesired influence. I can no longer claim that I have remained unaffected by two decades of continual contact with a barrage of marketing. Indeed, I am no longer even sure
Compulsive gamblers must get free NHS treatment, BMA says
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
Chromosome 17 Polysomy without HER2 Amplification Does Not Predict Response to Lapatinib in Metastatic Breast Cancer—Letter
Authors: Cathy B. Moelans, Roel A. de Weger, Paul J. van Diest
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

We have read with great interest the article by Downey et al. on chromosome 17 polysomy without HER2 amplification and prediction of response of metastatic breast cancer patients to lapatinib (1). The authors report that in a group of 405 HER2 FISH-negative patients, patients with chromosome 17 polysomy (n = 44, Chr17 ≥ 2.2 or 2.0) did not show a significant benefit from HER2-directed therapy compared with nonpolysomic patients. The authors used the current definition of chromosome 17 polysomy accepted by the Food and Drug Administration and American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists. They comment that it is unclear if chromosome 17 polysomy increases HER2 mRNA and protein product. The authors did, however, not mention the recent observation that chromosome 17 polysomy is far less common in breast cancer than previously suggested (2–4) and may, in fact, be very rare. These 3 independent studies using comparative genomic hybridization, FISH, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification report that chromosome 17 genes show complex patterns of gains and losses unrelated to the copy number status of the centromere (CEP17). This could be another explanation for the fact that the study of Downey et al. could not confirm an association between "polysomy 17" and an improved outcome with the addition of lapatinib to paclitaxel, previously observed by Kaufman et al. (5).The conflicting results of Downey et al. and Kaufman et al., but also the recent study by Bartlett et al. (6), indicate that large prospective clinical trials are necessary to validate whether patients showing increased CEP17 indeed show a better response to HER2-targeted therapies and anthracyclines, also in the absence of HER2 or topoisomerase 2 (TOP2A) amplification. In addition, these studies should assess chromosome 17 status in a less simplistic way than merely looking at CEP17 and HER2 gene copy number, to help elucidate the mechanism by which CEP17 or other pericentromeric chromosome 17 genes could possibly influence trastuzumab/lapatinib and anthracycline sensitivity.See the Response, p. 6178No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return with intact atrial septum and associated mitral stenosis
Authors: W. G. Wolfe, P. A. Ebert
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return with an intact atrial septum is an uncommon lesion. With associated mitral stenosis each lung has a different pulmonary flow, individual vascular resistance, and function. This represents the first reported case of this anomaly treated by total correction and mitral valve replacement. Pulmonary flow reverted to normal distribution and heart size decreased, with a reversion of vascular changes on the chest radiograph one year after operation.
Government to pay legal costs of inquest after hospital's error
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The government was last week ordered to pay the legal costs of an inquest into the death of a 3 year old girl who died after a hospital dosing error.

The girl's parents, Mohammed Khan and Safia Sultan of Bradford, Yorkshire, brought a unique case to the Court of Appeal in London, after a first inquest was adjourned last year because they had no legal representation.

Their daughter, Naazish, was receiving chemotherapy and haemodialysis for lymphoma at St James's Hospital, Leeds, in October 1999. Philip Havers QC, for the family, told the court that something …
FDA is failing to oversee human clinical trials, report says
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Problems in the systems and management processes of the US Food and Drug Administration are hindering its ability to oversee clinical trials and to protect trial participants, says a highly critical report by the Office of the Inspector General at the Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA's parent agency.

The report, by Daniel Levinson, the inspector general, was first publicised in a front page story in the New York Times last week (www.nytimes.com, “Report assails FDA oversight of clinical trials,” 28 Sep).

The FDA oversees …
The value of immediate coronary angiography with primary PTCA standby in the triage and treatment of acute myocardial infarction at community hospitals without heart surgery: Experience in 305 cases
Authors: Thomas P. Wharton, Nancy S. McNamara, James M. Schmitz, Frank A. Fedele, Alan R. Gladstone, Mark I. Jacobs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
the defence of dirt
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As the Duchess of Windsor once remarked, one can never be too thin or too rich—wisely, she did not add too clean. The hygiene hypothesis aims to explain why some people have allergies and some do not, and why the prevalence of allergic disorders has been increasing over the past century. It suggests that the modern obsession with cleanliness may be counterproductive; in childhood, at least, it may encourage the development of allergic disorders. Benn and colleagues have attempted to untangle the link between infections in infancy and atopic disease.1

Formalised in the late 1980s, the hypothesis seemed to fly in the face of common sense. After all, …
TUBERCULOUS FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: CLEMENT L. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For years it has been taught by various clinicians and writers on tuberculosis that a tuberculous fistula should not be operated on, that, after operation, it is more apt than not to recur, and that if it remains healed the pulmonary disease, if latent, is often activated and, if active, is frequently made worse. Although proctologists for a number of years have operated on tuberculous anal fistulas and obtained favorable results, the beliefs enumerated are widely held and perpetuated in recent publications. It is the repetition of traditional error. One might almost suspect some of the ideas of having survived the era of the humeral theory, when it was feared to stop a discharge in one place lest this dam back the humors, which would break out anew elsewhere.  Tuberculous fistulas will heal after adequate operation if reasonable care is given to the pulmonary disease. For several years I have
Mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts in C7Bl and DBA mice.
Authors: C G Gairola, H Wu, R C Gupta, J N Diana
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which is largely composed of the sidestream cigarette smoke, has been implicated in increased incidence of cancer among nonsmokers. The present study was conducted to compare the potential of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke to induce DNA adducts in mice. Groups of female C57Bl and DBA mice were exposed twice daily for 65-70 weeks to mainstream or sidestream smoke from the University of Kentucky reference cigarettes (2R1) in a nose-only exposure system. Animals received a total particulate matter dose of about 16 and 6 mg/kg body weight/exposure and exhibited blood carboxyhemoglobin levels of about 16 and 34%, for mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed groups, respectively. Pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was induced by about 2- to 3-fold in both mainstream and sidestream groups of C57Bl and in mainstream smoke-exposed group of DBA mice, but not in sidestream smoke-exposed DBA mice. An analysis of total DNA adduct levels by the 32P-postlabeling assay showed a significant (12- to 25-fold) increase in the magnitude of preexisting lung DNA adducts in both mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed C57Bl and DBA mice. Smoke exposures did not affect the total preexisting DNA adducts in liver of either strain. It is concluded that both mainstream and sidestream smoke are capable of enhancing preexisting DNA adducts in the lungs of chronically smoke-exposed mice.
Parenteral application of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagella vaccine elicits specific anti-flagella antibodies in the airways of healthy individuals.
Authors: G Döring, C Pfeiffer, U Weber, A Mohr-Pennert, F Dorner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To test the hypothesis that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagella (FLA) vaccine, intramuscularly administered, elicits specific antibodies in the respiratory tract, antibody titers against FLA were determined in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of 10 healthy human adults before and after immunization. Immunization produced significantly increased anti-FLA antibody titers in all sera (mean reciprocal titers: IgG: 26,711; IgA: 2,767; IgM: 421) and on respiratory epithelial lining fluids (mean reciprocal titers: IgG: 112; IgA: 76; sIgA: 26). Significant differences in class-specific serum and BAL anti-FLA titers suggested airway antibody production. The study shows that parenteral immunization provides not only high systemic antibody titers but also local antibody production in the human respiratory tract.
Occupational Carcinogens: ELF MFs
Authors: Kjell Hanson Mild, Mats-Olof Mattsso, Lennart Hardell, Joseph D. Bowman, Michael Kundi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Siemiatycki et al. (2004) published a list of occupational carcinogens based largely on the evaluations published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), augmented with additional information on the extent of workplace exposure.They considered 28 agents as definite human occupational carcinogens (IARC group 1), 27 agents as probable occupational carcinogens (group 2A), and 113 agents as possible occupational carcinogens (group 2B).However, missing from their list of occupational carcinogens is magnetic fields (MFs) at extremely low frequencies (ELF; 3-3000-Hz), which were classified as group 2B by IARC ( 2002).IARC's final conclusion (IARC 2002) is as follows:Overall, extremely low frequency magnetic fields were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IIB), based on the statistical association of higher level residential ELF magnetic fields and increased risk for childhood leukaemia.