tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modelling the remission of individual acne lesions in vitro
Authors: M.M.T. Downie, D.A. Sanders, T. Kealey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Acne lesions spontaneously remit, but the mechanism of this remission has not been elaborated. It is known, however, that the remission is associated with a de-differentiation of sebocytes, causing a cessation of sebum secretion specific to that particular pilosebaceous unit. We have previously described the cytokines that will promote in vitro the lesions of acne.To show that those same cytokines may also promote a de-differentiation of sebocytes analogous to that seen during remission of some lesions.Human chest sebaceous glands were maintained in vitro as whole organs. We then chronicled the effects of the appropriate cytokines and growth factors on the glandular rates of (i) lipogenesis and (ii) DNA synthesis, as well as on (iii) glandular morphology, (iv) the expression patterns of the proliferation marker Ki-67, (v) keratinocyte-specific markers, and (vi) the sebocyte marker epithelial membrane antigen.We have shown that the same cytokines that promote comedogenesis (interleukin-1alpha), expression of infundibular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and human leucocyte-associated antigen-DR (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma), and infundibular disruption (epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor-alpha) in human infundibula in vitro, will also inhibit sebaceous lipogenesis in vitro and will also induce, histologically, a de-differentiation of human sebocytes into a keratinocyte-like phenotype.These results confirm our hypothesis that the cytokines that induce the infundibular changes in acne may also inhibit the secretion of lipid from the sebaceous gland and thus, on diffusing down to the gland, contribute to the remission of the individual lesions. These findings help to explain the known natural history of the disease.
Blood Pressure Targets in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus/Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Sunil Kumar, Iryna Lobach, Franz H. Messerli
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Most guidelines for treatment of hypertension recommend a blood pressure (BP) goal of &lt;140/90 mm Hg, and a more aggressive goal of &lt;130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, in the recent Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, a lower BP was not beneficial. The optimal BP target in subjects with diabetes mellitus or those with impaired fasting glucose/glucose tolerance is therefore not well defined. Methods and Results— We performed PUBMED, EMBASE, and CENTRAL searches for randomized clinical trials from 1965 through October 2010 of antihypertensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance that enrolled at least 100 patients with achieved systolic BP of ≤135 mm Hg in the intensive BP control group and ≤140 mm Hg in the standard BP control group, had a follow-up of at least 1 year, and evaluated macrovascular or microvascular events. We identified 13 randomized clinical trials enrolling 37 736 participants. Intensive BP control was associated with a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.98), a 17% reduction in stroke, and a 20% increase in serious adverse effects, but with similar outcomes for other macrovascular and microvascular (cardiac, renal, and retinal) events compared with standard BP control. The results were similar in a sensitivity analysis using a bayesian random-effects model. More intensive BP control (≤130 mm Hg) was associated with a greater reduction in stroke, but did not reduce other events. Meta–regression analysis showed continued risk reduction for stroke to a systolic BP of &lt;120 mm Hg. However, at levels &lt;130 mm Hg, there was a 40% increase in serious adverse events with no benefit for other outcomes. Conclusions— The present body of evidence suggests that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, a systolic BP treatment goal of 130 to 135 mm Hg is acceptable. However, with more aggressive goals (&lt;130 mm Hg), we observed target organ heterogeneity in that the risk of stroke continued to fall, but there was no benefit regarding the risk of other macrovascular or microvascular (cardiac, renal and retinal) events, and the risk of serious adverse events even increased.
A lack of direct role of hepatitis B virus in the activation of ras and c-myc oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Authors: Hyo-Suk Lee, M. S. Rajagopalan, Girish N. Vyas
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

This study was performed to determine the relationship of the activation of ras and c-myc oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma to the hepatitis B virus gene expression or the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA/RNA at the cellular level. This was done using immunocytochemical analysis with two different antibodies on serial sections. In addition, immunocytochemical assay for the detection of ras p21 or c-myc protein was performed in combination with in situ hybridization for hepatitis B virus DNA/RNA using 35 S-labeled hepatitis B virus DNA as a probe. Investigation of a total of 14 paired human hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent nontumorous hepatic tissues revealed enhanced expression of ras p21 in one human hepatocellular carcinoma whereas c-myc protein was found in one paired human hepatocellular carcinoma and nontumorous tissue of the same patient. Only a small proportion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells or hepatocytes among a large number of cells on a given section showed enhanced expression, and the distribution of the oncogene product-expressing cells was focal. However, the cells over-expressing these oncogenes did not show hepatitis B surface antigen in the serial sections. Furthermore, the combined immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization assays revealed that human hepatocellular carcinoma cells overexpressing ras p21 did not show hepatitis B virus DNA/RNA, whereas some human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and nontumorous hepatocytes located away from the foci of oncogene-expressing cells gave positive signals. These findings suggest that continued expression of HBsAg or the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA/RNA in a given human hepatocellular carcinoma cell is not necessary for enhanced expression of ras or c-myc proteins. We conclude that HBsAg expression or hepatitis B virus DNA/RNA may not have a direct role in the activation of ras and c-myc oncogenes.
Ranitidine increases the bioavailability of postprandial ethanol by the reduction of first pass metabolism.
Authors: A S Brown, J R Fiaterone, C P Day, M K Bennett, P J Kelly, O F James
Journal: Gut (1995)

Blood ethanol concentrations after separate oral dosing and intravenous infusion of ethanol (0.15 g/kg) were measured in 16 control subjects and 13 subjects treated with ranitidine. All subjects underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Peak blood ethanol concentrations, and area under the blood ethanol/time curve, were significantly higher in the ranitidine group after oral, but not intravenous, ethanol administration. The first pass metabolism, as calculated by the difference between the area under the curves, was significantly lower in the ranitidine group. In addition, all subjects withdrawn from ranitidine (n = 6) had a significant reduction in peak blood ethanol concentration and area under the curve after repeat dosing with oral ethanol. Both groups were well matched for age, sex, indications for endoscopy, findings at endoscopy, and gastric histology. These findings show that ranitidine increases the bioavailability of low dose ethanol and has possible short term forensic, and longterm physical implications for moderate drinkers who are taking the drug.
The requirement for membrane sialic acid in the stimulation of superoxide production during phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: M Tsan, P A McIntyre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The effect of desialylation on phagocytosis of latex particles and oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. Removal of 20% total leukocyte sialic acid by bacterial neuraminidase had no effect on phagocytosis of latex particles and phagocytosis-associated activation of hexose monophosphate shunt in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In contrast, desialylation prevented the stimulation of superoxide production either by phagocytosis or by concanavalin A. It is concluded that membrane sialic acid is essential for the stimulation of superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Recent advances: Hepatology
Authors: M McCarthy, M L Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Progress in hepatology has continued steadily in recent years. Routine use of molecular biology techniques has helped to explain the mechanisms of liver diseases with genetic and viral origins and provided insight into susceptibility to other common liver disorders. Clinical research has concentrated on new drugs, such as antiviral agents, refinements to well established techniques of liver transplantation, and new methods of supporting the failing liver. In this review, we aim to highlight the most important scientific and clinical advances in hepatology in the past two years.
The prognosis of patients with lymphomatoid papulosis associated with malignant lymphomas
Authors: R.C. BELJAARDS, R. WILLEMZE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Summary Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a disorder which generally runs a benign course, but can sometimes be associated with a malignant lymphoma. Information about the prognosis of these LyP-associated lymphomas is, however, fragmentary. In this study, the clinical data of 50 LyP-associated malignant lymphomas, including 11 patients of our own group and 39 reported in the literature, are evaluated. Three main groups of LyP-associated malignant lymphomas could be distinguished: cases associated with mycosis fungoides (19/50 cases). Hodgkin's disease (12/50 cases) and (CD30+) large-cell lymphomas (16/50). The results of this study demonstrate that patients with mycosis fungoides. Hodgkin's disease, and (CD30+) large-cell lymphomas limited to the skin have a favourable prognosis. However, the prognosis of patients developing a systemic (CD30+) large-cell lymphoma proved generally poor. The results of this study also indicate that the risk of an individual LyP patient developing systemic lymphoma is less than 5%.
Epidemiology and Biostatistics: An Introduction to Clinical Research
Authors: Douglas J. Lanska
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinton outlaws genetic discrimination in federal jobs
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

President Clinton has signed an executive order forbidding the US federal government from using genetic information in employment decisions. The order, which is effective immediately, protects all 2.8 million federal employees from genetic discrimination.

The federal government is the largest individual employer in the United States. By signing the order, President Clinton anticipates the greater role that genomics will have in the near future as the human genome is deciphered, and the decision sets an example for the private sector.

In …
Making death more acceptable
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

My summer reading included John Keay's The Honourable Company, a history of the English East India Company (Harper Collins) and Sebastian Faulks's Birdsong (Vintage), a novel about the first world war. The two books had in common the appalling mortality of young men who volunteered to risk their lives for no very clear reasons beyond a wish for adventure. Until the end of the 18th century long distance voyages by sea carried a high risk of death from scurvy, while ports in the tropics were awash with dysentery, typhoid, and malaria. Ships commonly lost more than half their crews to disease--yet survivors would sign on for repeat trips.

The same …
Postextrasystolic potentiation. Do we really know what it means and how to use it?
Authors: M W Cooper
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), the increase in contractility that follows an extrasystole, is an interesting phenomenon that has been known for almost 100 years. The literature on this effect is reviewed. It is found that there is significant evidence that the phenomenon is independent of muscle loading and represents a distinct property of the myocardium. Examination of the literature pertaining to the cause of the effect suggests that calcium shifts within the sarcoplasmic reticulum are responsible, although there are some conflicts with this conclusion. Regarding the utility of PESP as a diagnostic test of latent viability of ischemic myocardium, the literature review reveals contradictions and conflicts with several methodological problems of the experiments. Finally, concerning the utility of continuous PESP (paired-pacing) to augment ventricular function in the failing ventricle, the studies again are inconclusive and methodologically suspect. Conditions for the proper analysis of the PESP response are reported, and suggestions for future studies are introduced.
Global analysis of cellular transcription following infection with an hiv-based vector
Authors: Richard Mitchell, Chih-Yuan Chiang, Charles Berry, Frederic Bushman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

We have examined the changes in cellular transcription resulting from infection with HIV-based vectors. Previous work suggested that the incoming viral genome may under some circumstances be detected as DNA damage, so to explore this possibility, we compared the transcriptional response to infection with an HIV-based vector to the response to treatment with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide. Expression levels of about 12,000 cellular RNA transcripts were determined in a human B-cell line at different times after either treatment. Statistical analysis revealed that the infection with the lentivirus vector resulted in quite modest changes in gene expression. Treatment with etoposide, in contrast, caused drastic changes in expression of genes known or inferred to be involved in apoptosis. Statistically significant though subtle parallels in the cellular transcriptional responses to etoposide treatment and HIV-vector infection could be detected. Several further data sets analyzing infections with HIV-based vectors or wild-type HIV-1 showed similar modest effects on cellular transcription and very modest parallels among different data sets. These findings establish that HIV-vector or HIV-1 infection has remarkably little effect on cellular transcription. The statistical methods described here may be of wide use in mining microarray data sets. Our observations support the idea that gene therapy with HIV-based vectors should not be particularly toxic to cells due to disruption of cellular transcription.
Community-Implemented Trauma Therapy for Former Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda
Authors: Verena Ertl, Anett Pfeiffer, Elisabeth Schauer, Thomas Elbert, Frank Neuner
Journal: JAMA (2011)

The psychological rehabilitation of former child soldiers and their successful reintegration into postconflict society present challenges. Despite high rates of impairment, there have been no randomized controlled trials examining the feasibility and efficacy of mental health interventions for former child soldiers.To assess the efficacy of a community-based intervention targeting symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in formerly abducted individuals.Randomized controlled trial recruiting 85 former child soldiers with PTSD from a population-based survey of 1113 Northern Ugandans aged 12 to 25 years, conducted between November 2007 and October 2009 in camps for internally displaced persons. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: narrative exposure therapy (n = 29), an academic catch-up program with elements of supportive counseling (n = 28), or a waiting list (n = 28). Symptoms of PTSD and trauma-related feelings of guilt were measured using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. The respective sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to assess depression and suicide risk, and a locally adapted scale was used to measure perceived stigmatization. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, and related impairment were assessed before treatment and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention.Treatments were carried out in 8 sessions by trained local lay therapists, directly in the communities.Change in PTSD severity, assessed over a 1-year period after treatment. Secondary outcome measures were depression symptoms, severity of suicidal ideation, feelings of guilt, and perceived stigmatization.PTSD symptom severity (range, 0-148) was significantly more improved in the narrative exposure therapy group than in the academic catch-up (mean change difference, -14.06 [95% confidence interval, -27.19 to -0.92]) and waiting-list (mean change difference, -13.04 [95% confidence interval, -26.79 to 0.72]) groups. Contrast analyses of the time × treatment interaction of the mixed-effects model on PTSD symptom change over time revealed a superiority of narrative exposure therapy compared with academic catch-up (F(1,234.1) = 5.21, P = .02) and wait-listing (F(1,228.3) = 5.28, P = .02). Narrative exposure therapy produced a larger within-treatment effect size (Cohen d = 1.80) than academic catch-up (d = 0.83) and wait-listing (d = 0.81).Among former Ugandan child soldiers, short-term trauma-focused treatment compared either with an academic catch-up program including supportive counseling or with wait-listing resulted in greater reduction of PTSD symptoms.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00552006.
A Perfect Match
Authors: Damon S. Tweedy
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spondyloarthropathy With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: David B. Hellmann
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A 33-YEAR-OLD black man was admitted to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with polyarthritis, rash, and weight loss. The patient had been well until approximately 2.5 years before hospital admission, when he noted the onset of an acneiform rash over his scalp and face and abscesses in his groin and axillae. One year later, he developed pain in both of his hips. The pain soon spread to his knees, ankles, feet, shoulders, and wrists. The affected joints were swollen and tender. His temperature remained normal. Short courses of aspirin and indomethacin failed to bring the patient complete relief. The onset of severe back pain, combined with hours of morning stiffness, caused him increasing difficulty with walking. He had to give up his job as a meat cutter. He presented to the Rheumatology Clinic at Johns Hopkins because of increasing disability from his joint and skin disease, along with a 13.5-kg loss
Recent Approaches to the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Griffin P. Rodgers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 35-YEAR-OLD man whose sickle cell anemia was first diagnosed at the age of 3 years was referred to the Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, for evaluation and management of his disease. He had a history of frequent vaso-occlusive crises, skin ulcers, and recurrent bacterial pneumonias. He suffered a left hemispheric cerebrovascular accident at the age of 12 years and since then has had a residual seizure disorder. He regularly received transfusions every 3 months from ages 14 to 35 years and at the time of admission to the NIH had an estimated transfusion burden well in excess of 250 U. Other complications of his disease included proliferative sickle retinopathy and cardiomyopathy, which had led to worsening tolerance for exercise. His major complaint, however, was chronic pain in his knees, shins, back, elbows, and shoulders for which he required 4 mg of
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates monocyte/macrophage influx in anti-thymocyte antibody-induced glomerulonephritis
Authors: U. Wenzel, A. Schneider, A.J. Valente, Hanna E. Abboud, F. Thaiss, Udo M. Helmchen, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
TOPICAL TREATMENT WITH BAY b 5097, A NEW BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMYCOTIC AGENT
Authors: TORSTEN FREDRIKSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The effect on superficial mycoses of BAY b 5097, a tritylimidazole derivative, applied topically in a 1% solution, was evaluated in a randomized double‐blind study in 54 patients. It was significantly better than a placebo in diseases produced both by Candida albicans and by Trichophyton species. After 3 weeks of treatment, clinical healing was recorded in 57% of the cases and marked improvement in an additional 33%. No side effects were noted.
No deal in sight on cheap drugs for poor countries
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Trade talks broke down last week after the United States, under pressure from its powerful pharmaceutical lobby, rejected revised proposals to give poorer nations access to cheap, lifesaving drugs.

It was the second time negotiators from the 144 member nations of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) tried to rescue a deal after the United States blocked it in December, forcing member nations to miss their deadline for agreement at the end of 2002.

The deal is aimed at saving the lives of millions of people in poor developing countries with illnesses such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis who die each year because their countries cannot afford the drugs needed to treat them.

Diplomats said …