tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors in medically unexplained symptoms and related syndromes: the evidence and the challenge.
Authors: Howard M Kipen, Nancy Fiedler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Symptoms, and especially those without clear underlying medical explanations, account for a large percentage of clinical encounters. Many unexplained symptoms have been organized by patients and practitioners into syndromes such as chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, sick building syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, and the like. All these syndromes are defined solely on the basis of symptoms rather than by medical signs. Some of the above-described conditions overlap strongly with explained conditions such as asthma. The relationship of such symptoms and syndromes to environmental exposure is often sharply debated, as is the distinction between the various syndromes. This leads to problems of what type of research should be conducted and who should conduct it. It is time to develop a comprehensive research agenda to sort out nomenclature, epidemiology, and environmental causation for these conditions, moving toward comprehensive and effective public health and clinical approaches.
Lidocaine Prophylaxis and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Henry Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ralph I. Horwitz, MD, and Alvan B. Feinstein, MD, in a recent article (1981;246:2455) suggested that careful attention to patient eligibility criteria might improve case-control studies. This seems to be a reasonable suggestion, and we are optimistic that its value will be confirmed. However, we fear that the authors' enthusiasm for their "new strategy" may have caused them to overlook other important principles of study design in the example they use (lidocaine hydrochloride prophylaxis in acute myocardial infarction [MI]). This is surprising, since the principles have been emphasized by these same authors in critiques of other investigators' work. The importance of carefully defining diagnostic criteria, including history, ECG, and enzyme values, was pointed out by Gifford and Feinstein in their analysis of articles dealing with anticoagulants for acute MI.<sup>1</sup>Why, then, is the reader told only that the study included "patients... discharged with a diagnosis of
The Relationship Between Childhood Medication Use and the Development of Allergic Sensitization or Asthma at Age 6 Years in a High-Risk Birth Cohort
Authors: K ROBERG, E ANDERSON, M EVANS, T PAPPAS, D DASILVA, C TISLER, L SALAZAR, R GANGNON, J GERN, R LEMANSKEJR
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Inhibition of NEDD8-activating enzyme: a novel approach for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ronan T. Swords, Kevin R. Kelly, Peter G. Smith, James J. Garnsey, Devalingam Mahalingam, Ernest Medina, Kelli Oberheu, Swaminathan Padmanabhan, Michael O'Dwyer, Steffan T. Nawrocki, Francis J. Giles, Jennifer S. Carew
Journal: Blood (2010)
The NHS in England in 2012
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A year in which the medical profession must exercise leadership on quality and safety

Three issues have dominated debate about health policy in England during 2011. The first has been the Health and Social Care Bill currently before parliament, which seems likely to pass into law in the spring. Amendments made after the report of the Future Forum have done little to appease critics, who continue to worry that the bill marks a major step towards privatising aspects of NHS provision and commissioning.

The second issue is the performance of the NHS. With funding unlikely to increase by more than a fraction of 1% in real terms over the next six years, there are widespread concerns that patient care will be affected as financial deficits increase. At a time when several NHS organisations are struggling to balance their budgets and even more are not meeting targets on waiting times and other key priorities, the auguries are not promising.

The third concern is the quality of patient care. Here, there is an apparent contradiction between reports from the Commonwealth Fund and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,1 2 which show the NHS in a positive light, and evidence from the Care Quality Commission of the inability of some organisations to treat older patients with dignity and respect. …
Extramedical Influence of the Physician
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In answer to the question as to how one accomplishes moderate smoking, I will describe a technique I have used in patients with chronic pulmonary disease to prevent tobacco smoke from entering the lungs. The individual takes a puff of cigarette smoke into the mouth, inhales deeply through the nose only, and then blows out the smoke from the mouth and the air previously inhaled. Since smoke has not entered the lungs, coughing is not provoked, even in susceptible subjects who ordinarily cough when inhaling cigarette smoke. I can cite additional evidence that irritant effects on the bronchi can be prevented, since this technique has been used, even permitting smoking heavy cigars without provoking coughing. If tobacco fumes are not in fact inhaled, what is the justification for prescribing cessation of cigarette smoking for everyone? The use of this technique of smoking is cited as an illustration
1370 ONCE DAILY DUAL-NUCLEOTIDE COMBINATION OF PSI-938 AND PSI-7977 PROVIDES 94% HCVRNA &lt;LOD AT DAY 14: FIRST PURINE/PYRIMIDINE CLINICAL COMBINATION DATA (THE NUCLEAR STUDY)
Authors: E. Lawitz, M. Rodriguez-Torres, J. Denning, M. Cornpropsr, D. Clemons, L. Mcnair, M.M. Berrey, W. Symonds
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Caused by Trichoderma Viride
Authors: A. Enríquez-Matas, S. Quirce, R. Melchor, M.J. Rodríguez-Nieto, J. Carnés, M. Madero, J.A. Torres, J. Sastre
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Referral and diagnostic process in suspected colorectal cancer needs to be improved to achieve two week target
Authors: C. Riesewyk
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In response to the government initiative to improve the diagnosis of cancer, and using the recently published referral guidelines for suspected colorectal cancer, we have completed a three month pilot study looking at the introduction of the two week target at the North West London Hospitals NHS Trust.

Consultation occurred with general practitioners in the pilot area's primary care group. The general practitioners were asked to use a specific two week target …
Hierarchical Contributions of Allorecognition Pathways in Chronic Lung Rejection
Authors: Worakij Chalermskulrat, Isabel P. Neuringer, W. June Brickey, Nathan J. Felix, Scott H. Randell, Jenny P. Ting, Robert M. Aris
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The role of allorecognition in initiating lung graft rejection is not clearly defined. Using the heterotopic tracheal transplantation model, we examined the contributions of the indirect and direct allorecognition pathways in chronic airway rejection. Fully mismatched, wild-type grafts were transplanted into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-/-, class II-like accessory molecule (H2-DMalpha)-/- using MHC I-/- and wild-type allorecipients as control subjects. Similarly, MHC I-/-, MHC II-/-, or MHC I/II-/- allografts were transplanted into wild-type mice with appropriate control subjects. Grafts from nonimmunosuppressed recipients were evaluated at Weeks 2, 4, and 6. Grafts transplanted into MHC II-/- and H2-DMalpha-/- allorecipients showed a more intact epithelium and reduced lumen obliteration compared with grafts transplanted into wild-type or MHC I-/- allorecipients (p < 0.05 for each). These grafts exhibited abundant CD4+ and CD8+ cell infiltrates similar to control allografts. MHC I-/- and MHC I/II-/- but not MHC II-/- allografts placed in wild-type animals demonstrated less severe rejection compared with allograft control subjects (p < 0.05 for each). Although the indirect allorecognition pathway has the strongest influence on rejection, the direct pathway is sufficient to ultimately cause chronic airway rejection. In addition, these results suggest that MHC class I molecules are the principal alloantigens in the mouse heterotopic tracheal model of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Medication Errors From Similar Trademarks
Authors: Kenneth J. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  This is a letter of caution concerning a pair of brand name spell-alikes that led to confusion and error. An order for amikacin sulfate (Amikin) was written, and on two separate occasions for the same patient, aminocaproic acid (Amicar) was inadvertently administered.  Generic prescribing within many hospitals is now encouraged in a cost-conscious effort to reduce pharmacy inventories and make product bidding feasible as well as in an effort to simplify prescribing for young house officers and ordering procedures for nurses. When one manufacturer is the sole producer of a drug entity, prescribing by generic or brand name is seemingly unimportant. However, the error that occurred with amikacin and aminocaproic acid is more likely to reoccur if the brand name is written.
Letter from Chicago: New epidemics
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This is a modern ailment for which no infectious agent has ever been found and no vaccine will ever be discovered.It was first described in this journal by Dr Heylings of Yorkshire as the "No Touching Epidemic-An English Disease."'Its symptoms or complications include a cold and distant manner, shyness, insecurity, intro- version, loneliness, frigidity, prudery, intolerance, a lack of understanding for others, an inability to comfort, a fear of dead bodies of close relatives, horror at the sight of courting couples, an unhappy and discontented look, an inclination to visit doctors, and a need to be frequently examined.'The disease is widespread among the colder races of the North and less so on the continent of Europe and among Latins.It often affects doctors.It may be more common in the towers of academia than in town.No touching goes against the oldest precepts of a healing profession that since the days of Hippocrates and Galen has prescribed massage and recommended the laying on of hands.2These precepts still echo through the modern literature."There is something elemental, sensual, hopeful about touching another living creature," writes Dr Richard Lee in his "jaundiced eye series."reminding us that the more abstracted and remote doctors become the more they are feared and disliked.'"We stroke cats, pet horses, but deny this grace to human beings," wrote Dr Heylings in his original essay, emphasising that the older doctors did not inter- rogate their patients from the foot of the bed, but always touched them and shook their hand, "touching the spot that hurts and the belly that spasms."'It now turns out that this epidemic can be prevented by education.Thus we read how in New Zealand Dr Julius Older teaches a popular five weeks' touch elective to medical students, also how he sent questionnaires to 169 deans and found out that the therapeutic usds of touching are taught in 12 other schools, mainly in North America and Australia, but also in Nottingham.2For younger age groups, however, such education may be unnecessary.At least it was so in the 'sixties, among some of the college students, who would take off their shoes and sit on the floor meditating, their soles touching, their souls drawn together by the magic flow of energy.Kings who condescended to touch their scrofulous subjects must have transmitted the same kind of energy, perhaps as effectively as a six months' course of isoniazid and rifampin.Occasionally this approach works even in non-tuberculous states: I was once asked to see a young man, deeply comatose for one week from a non-dialysable poorly metabolised tranquiliser.A neurologist had said that he was brain dead and would not recover.The patient had suffered from recurrent amoebic dysentery and was supposed to have "pre-AIDS," which accounted for him being strictly isolated, his room surrounded by warning signs and bowls of disinfectants.The nurses made me wear a mask and gown and gloves, so that I would not catch pre-AIDS.Thus attired I went into
We UK doctors need to put our own houses in order
Authors: F. W. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Torture, cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment—the intentional infliction of pain or suffering by a public official—are crimes in international and UK law. Doctors are prohibited from colluding or participating in such abuses, as Guterman and McKee rightly remind us.1 But medical duties are more extensive than this. According to the World Medical Association Declaration of Tokyo, “the absence of documenting and denouncing acts of torture may be considered as a form of tolerance thereof and of non-assistance to the victims.”2

If we as doctors cannot prevent torture, we have a duty to …
Pilot, multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled bilateral comparative study of a combination of calcipotriene and nicotinamide for the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Danielle Levine, Zeev Even-Chen, Irina Lipets, Olga A. Pritulo, Tetyana V. Svyatenko, Yuri Andrashko, Mark Lebwohl, Alice Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
PARENTAL DEPRIVATION AND THE "BROKEN HOME" IN DEMENTIA PRÆCOX AND OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: JANE E. OLTMAN, JOHN J. MCGARRY, SAMUEL FRIEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The incidence of parental deprivation and "broken homes" was found to be very similar among individuals suffering from dementia præcox, manic-depressive psychosis, alcoholic state, and "other psychoses," and in normal control subjects. However, it was significantly higher in psychoneurotics and psychopathic personalities. With respect to causes of deprivation, it was noted that mental illness constituted a significant source of parental deprivation in 2 groups only—dementia præcox and manic-depressive psychosis. Divorce, separation, or desertion occurred most frequently in the parents of psychopathic personalities and psychoneurotics. Statistics concerning the age at which deprivation occurred and the parent lost did not exhibit any significant trend. There was apparent tendency for increased incidence of parental deprivation in schizophrenic patients whose illness occurred before the age of 20. The incidence of various types of psychiatric abnormalities was almost identical in the siblings of both deprived and nondeprived patients. The type of psychiatric illness in siblings paralleled that found in the hospitalized patients. It is concluded that the incidence of dementia præcox is unrelated to known external stresses or deprivations. These data lend further support to the etiological importance of heredo-constitutional factors in the development of the major psychoses. Dementia præcox is regarded as a biological deficiency disease based on heredo- constitutional factors. This concept should not lead to an attitude of therapeutic nihilism.
Measurement of rheumatoid factors by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and comparison with other methods.
Authors: J L Bampton, T E Cawston, M V Kyle, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) was measured in the sera of 48 rheumatoid patients and of 48 age and sex-matched normal controls by the Rose-Waaler and latex agglutination tests, a rate nephelometer, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Good correlation was obtained between all assays. The rate nephelometer assay was the easiest and quickest to perform and gave results in international units/ml. The Rose-Waaler was the least sensitive assay and the most difficult to perform and interpret. Both the latex agglutination and the ELISA were sensitive, though some overlap of patient and control sera was seen with all the assays. In addition to IgM RF the ELISA was used to measure IgG RF and IgA RF in both rheumatoid and control sera. Although some normal sera had detectable amounts of IgG and IgA RF, the levels of both were significantly raised in the rheumatoid sera. IgG RF levels were lower after pepsin digestion of the sera, suggesting that IgM RF interfered with the assay for IgG RF unless this treatment was included.
Choice of Potentially Nephrotoxic Antibiotics
Authors: ARTHUR C. SGALIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985Choice of Potentially Nephrotoxic AntibioticsARTHUR C. SGALIA, M.D.ARTHUR C. SGALIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-162_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was appalled to read the article by Holloway and colleagues in the December 1984 issue (1). It is an example of the ease with which some physicians capitulate to the admittedly powerful pressure of thinking exclusively in terms of cost effectiveness and "health-care dollars."By what interpretation of our professional values can we come to think of the personal tragedy of permanent nephrotoxicity and a life expectancy projected at 10 years after the event in terms only of the cost of dialysis? The neglect of the issue of suffering aside, the authors failed to cite even...Reference1. HOLLOWAYSMITHMOOREFEROLILIETMAN JCREP. Comparative cost effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin. Ann Intern Med. 1985;101:764-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 162-162KeywordsAntibioticsLife expectancyMedical dialysis Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Prevention of War
Authors: Paula Rogge
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent retrospective by Custis<sup>1</sup>and the editorial by Egeberg<sup>2</sup>focus on the progress we have made in caring for our wartime wounded. However, it seems that Drs Custis and Egeberg have missed the most important point: the best way to keep military casualties to a minimum is to prevent war. The authors assume that war is inevitable and that our role as physicians is to treat the casualties of war without asking "Why this war?" Physicians more than anyone else understand the old adage about "an ounce of prevention." Diarrheal diseases, diphtheria, polio, tetanus, and measles are almost obsolete in our country today because of advances in public health and preventive medicine. We simply cannot stop at the issue of medical preparedness for war. We must address the roots of war. We must ask ourselves what our country has done to address the economic
Processing Pictures With Computers
Authors: Richard D. Yoder
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Most persons, perhaps, think of computers as devices which write pay checks or calculate satellite orbits. Although the processing of pictorial information promises dramatic and significant contributions to the health sciences and many other fields, it is only in connection with recent deep space probes that most persons have heard the words "computer" and "picture" used together. This discussion will concern the use of computers to detect characteristics and measure specific parameters in pictures. These measurements may then be analyzed, to produce "answers" in the form of conventional probabilistic statistics, such as the likelihood of occurence by chance. Far more complex taxonomic methods<sup>1</sup>are being developed and may be expected to be of importance in the future. However, these usually require extensive use of prediagnosed material in order to "teach" the program the characteristics of desired concepts such as "normal" or "abnormal." Although in the future we envision widespread
Association between interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene and asthma‐related traits in a German adult population
Authors: C. Pattaro, J. Heinrich, M. Werner, R. de Marco, M. Wjst
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: A recent study in German and Italian families associated variants in the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) gene with asthma. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL1RA gene in the development of atopy and lifelong asthma in a population‐based study. Methods: DNA samples from the German centres of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey were analysed for genetic variants in the IL1RA gene and the development of asthma, atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity. Results: Carriers of the rare G allele of SNP rs447713 had a significantly increased risk of developing asthma ( P = 0.0013) and allergic sensitization ( P = 0.0119). Carriers of the rare C allele of SNP rs3087271 had an increased risk of asthma ( P = 0.0227) and high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels ( P = 0.0232). A haplotype built from eight SNPs in the IL1RA gene (A‐C‐A‐G‐A‐C‐G‐A) was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma ( P = 0.007) and high total IgE ( P = 0.02). Bronchial hyperreactivity was positively associated with the haplotype A‐C‐G‐G‐A‐C‐G‐C ( P = 0.02) and negatively with the A‐C‐G‐G‐A‐C‐T‐C ( P = 0.03). Conclusion: A previously described association between IL1RA and asthma in families could be reproduced in a population‐based sample. The genetic variants of IL1RA gene do not to seem to affect asthma alone, but to act as modulators of asthma‐related traits as well, where different haplotypes drive the development of different phenotypes.
THE INFLUENCE OF FORCED DIURESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL POISONING WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXIN
Authors: W. D. SANSUM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

experience in the injection of mercurial oil (gray oil) and other oil preparations.However, our warning is very definite to make the injection subcutaneously, and carefully to avoid getting the vaccine into a vein.After the needle has been introduced, the plunger of the syringe should be drawn out slightly, to be certain that the needle is not in a vein. THE DYSENTERY LIPOVACCINEIn our previous publications we have indicated as our reason for considering that a dysentery lipovaccine would have a special advantage over a dysentery saline vaccine, that the slow absorption would reduce the reaction ; and we gave some results of vaccination of animals and men with such a vaccine.As the series is now broken up, and a much more comprehensive series is under way, we wish to record the final results of the first series.The vaccine contained 2,500 million each of Shiga, Flexner and "Y" types in 1 c.c, the strains that Gib¬ son7 used in his vaccine being employed.Three rabbits were injected with the vaccine, and showed the agglutinations given in Table 1.TABLE 1.-AGGLUTINATIONS IN THE RABBIT -Agglutination-Rabbit Dose Shiga Flexner "Y" 16