tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Donor-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Anne Janin, Hideyuki Murata, Christophe Leboeuf, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Eliane Gluckman, Luc Legrès, Allison Desveaux, Mariana Varna, Philippe Ratajczak, Jean Soulier, Hugues de Thé, Philippe Bertheau, Gérard Socié
Journal: Blood (2008)
Letter: "Automatic" sun-glasses: a warning.
Authors: R A Weale
Journal: BMJ (1976)

While rarely heard of nowadays except in Dr Apley's metaphorical sense, a tooth-comb was in the past an essential weapon in the battle against head-lice.Perhaps its apparently superfluous prefix was suggested by the pain caused by its being dragged across the scalp and through tangled hair in the search for the elusive nit.-Ep,BM7.
One of Us: Conjoined Twins and the Future of Normal
Authors: Y. M. Barilan
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence for the Effectiveness of CME
Authors: David A. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess the impact of diverse continuing medical education (CME) interventions on physician performance and health care outcomes.Using continuing medical education and related phrases, we performed regular searches of the indexed literature (MEDLINE, Social Science Index, the National Technical Information Service, and Educational Research Information Clearinghouse) from 1975 through 1991. In addition, for these years, we used manual searches, key informants, and requests to authors to locate other indexed articles and the nonindexed literature of adult and continuing professional education.From the resulting database we selected studies that met the following criteria: randomized controlled trials; educational programs, activities, or other interventions; studies that included 50% or more physicians; follow-up assessments of at least 75% of study subjects; and objective assessments of either physician performance or health care outcomes.Studies were reviewed for data related to physician specialty and setting. Continuing medical education interventions were classified by their mode(s) of activity as being predisposing, enabling, or facilitating. Using the statistical tests supplied by the original investigators, physician performance outcomes and patient outcomes were classified as positive, negative, or inconclusive.We located 777 CME studies, of which 50 met all criteria. Thirty-two of these analyzed physician performance; seven evaluated patient outcomes; 11 examined both measures. The majority of the 43 studies of physician performance showed positive results in some important measures of resource utilization, counseling strategies, and preventive medicine. Of the 18 studies of health care outcomes, eight demonstrated positive changes in patients' health care outcomes.Broadly defined CME interventions using practice-enabling or reinforcing strategies consistently improve physician performance and, in some instances, health care outcomes.
Limulus Endotoxin Assay and Meningitis
Authors: VINCENT A. SPAGNA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Limulus Endotoxin Assay and MeningitisVINCENT A. SPAGNA, M.D., RICHARD B. PRIOR, PH.D.VINCENT A. SPAGNA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD B. PRIOR, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-436_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Dr. Neu in the November issue (1) is a concise, well-organized review of the services available to the clinician from the microbiology laboratory. However, we are surprised that there is no mention of the limulus endotoxin assay as a rapid (60 minute), reliable method in the initial evaluation of meningitis. After Levin and Bang (2) observed that minute amounts of endotoxin created by gram-negative bacteria produced gelation of amoebocytes fromLimulus polyphemus(horseshoe crab), multiple studies confirmed the usefulness of the limulus assay as an aid in the diagnosis of gram-negative meningitis (3-5). In...References1. NEU H: What should the clinician expect from the microbiology laboratory? Ann Intern Med 89(Part 2):781-784, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEVINBANG JF: The role of endotoxin in the extracellular coagulation of limulus blood. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 115:265-274, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. JORGENSENLEE JJ: Rapid diagnosis of gram-negative bacterial meningitis by the limulus endotoxin assay. J Clin Microbiol 7:12-17, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NACHUMLIPSEYSIEGEL RAS: Rapid detection of gram-negative bacterial meningitis by the limulus lysate test. N Engl J Med 289:931-934, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ROSSRODRIGUEZCONTRONIKORENGOLDWATSONKHAN SWGGSW: Limulus lysate test for gram-negative bacterial meningitis. JAMA 233:1366-1369, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. EDWARDSMUEHLPECKINPAUGH EPR: Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. J Lab Clin Med 80:449-454, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. NEU H: What should the clinician expect from the microbiology laboratory? Ann Intern Med 89(Part 2):781-784, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe leukocyte esterase test for detection of cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis and bacterial meningitisCerebral Spinal Fluid 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 436-436KeywordsCrabsEndotoxinsGram negative bacteriaMeningitisMicrobiologyResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
495 Steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: Relative role of lipid peroxidation, leptinemia and insulin resistance
Authors: A. Muzzi, G. Leandro, L. Rubbia-Brandt, R. James, O. Keiser, R. Malinverni, J.F. Dufour, B. Helbling, A. Hadengue, J.J. Gonvers, B. Mullhaupt, A. Cerny, M. Mondelli, F. Negro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Offsetting Impact of Thrombosis and Restenosis on the Occurrence of Death and Myocardial Infarction After Paclitaxel-Eluting and Bare Metal Stent Implantation
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Stephen G. Ellis, Antonio Colombo, Keith D. Dawkins, Eberhard Grube, Donald E. Cutlip, Mark Friedman, Donald S. Baim, Joerg Koglin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Drug-eluting stents compared with bare metal stents (BMS) may increase late stent thrombosis (ST), although an accompanying increase in the rates of death and myocardial infarction (MI) has not been observed. We hypothesized that the prevention of restenosis-related adverse events by drug-eluting stents might offset some or all of the excess risk from ST.We analyzed a pooled patient-level database from 4 prospective, double-blind trials in which 3445 patients were randomized to paclitaxel-eluting stents or BMS. The occurrence of death or MI within 7 days of ST or target lesion revascularization was assessed. With a median follow-up of 3.2 years, ST occurred in 34 patients (1.0%), 31 (91.1%) of whom sustained death or MI within 7 days. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 425 patients (12.3%), 15 (3.5%) of whom died or had MI within 7 days. ST occurred in 14 BMS and 20 paclitaxel-eluting stent patients, resulting in 12 and 19 deaths or MIs within 7 days, respectively. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 290 BMS and 135 paclitaxel-eluting stent patients, resulting in 11 and 4 deaths or MI events within 7 days, respectively. In total, 23 patients in both the BMS and paclitaxel-eluting stents groups died or had an MI event within 7 days of either ST or target lesion revascularization.ST, although infrequent, results in a high incident rate of death and MI, whereas the more frequent occurrence of target lesion revascularization is associated with a finite but lower rate of death and MI. The marked reduction in restenosis with drug-eluting stents compared with BMS may counterbalance the potential excess risk from late ST with drug-eluting stents.
Aid agencies warn of huge humanitarian needs caused by conflict in northwest Pakistan
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The humanitarian situation is dire for hundreds of thousands of people trapped by the conflict in northwest Pakistan, according to United Nations agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and senior Pakistani officials.

More than two million people have been displaced by fighting since early May, said the officials. They have highlighted the particular need for drugs, surgical supplies, and medical equipment in areas that have witnessed heavy fighting in recent days, such as the Swat valley, where more than 200 000 people have been trapped.

Tens of thousands of civilians have been displaced by the widening of the conflict in the tribal region of South Waziristan, a stronghold …
Effects of Hematocrit on Cerebral Microcirculation and Tissue Oxygenation During Deep Hypothermic Bypass
Authors: Lennart F. Duebener, Takahiko Sakamoto, Shin-ichi Hatsuoka, Christof Stamm, David Zurakowski, B. Vollmar, Michael D. Menger, Hans-Joachim Schäfers, Richard A. Jonas
Journal: Circulation (2001)

One rationale for hemodilution during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been improved microcirculation. However, the optimal degree of hemodilution remains unclear. We therefore studied cerebral microcirculation and tissue oxygenation in a new intravital microscopic model at 3 different hematocrit (Hct) values.Three groups of 5 piglets with a cranial window over the parietal cortex underwent cooling at Hct of 10%, 20%, or 30%, followed by 1-hour deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and rewarming on CPB. For assessment of functional capillary density (FCD), plasma was labeled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-dextran. Rhodamine-stained leukocytes were observed in postcapillary venules with analysis for adhesion and rolling. NADH, a natural intracellular fluorophore that increases during ischemia, was measured densitometrically during bypass and DHCA. FCD did not significantly differ from baseline during cooling in any group. However, during early reperfusion (5 minutes) after DHCA, the FCD was significantly higher in the Hct 30% group than in the Hct 10% group. Leukocyte adherence decreased in all groups during CPB and was only moderately increased at the end of the experiment. However, severe hemodilution (Hct 10%) was associated with a significantly greater number of rolling leukocytes relative to Hct 30%.Higher Hct does not impair cerebral microcirculation and reduces white cell/endothelial activation after deep hypothermic bypass and circulatory arrest. Severe hemodilution (Hct 10%) results in evidence of inadequate cerebral tissue oxygenation during the cooling phase of CPB. This study suggests that Hct of 30% is preferable relative to lower Hct values during hypothermic CPB, particularly if DHCA is used.
Stress-related changes in oesophageal permeability: filling the gaps of GORD?
Authors: J. D Soderholm
Journal: Gut (2007)

Albeit remaining a controversial issue, it has become increasingly recognised that psychological stress has a major impact on gut mucosal function and affects the course of gastrointestinal disorders. Research during the last decade has shown that stress causes barrier dysfunction of the gastrointestinal mucosa by mechanisms that mainly involve neuropeptides and mast cells. Moreover, accumulating evidence implicates increased permeability as a pathogenic factor in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Recent data demonstrating that psychological stress may induce a permeability defect in stratified epithelia, including the oesophagus, shed new light on the pathophysiological events leading to heartburn and GORD.
Prevalence and Incidence of Psychic Disorders and the Provision of Psychotherapeutic Care: An Epidemiological Field Study in the Andorran Lake District 1950–1980
Authors: W. Bräutigam, M. von Rad
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

In a field study with observers acting at the same time as educators the whole population of Srbt/Andorra has been the subject of detailed evaluation with regard to its psychosocial health. With the very special help of 2 (female) methodologists the initial data suggesting 'normality' were soon proved to be 'pseudonormal' in nature (BJAQ Score > 7). This dangerous situation is now under control since in 1984 the total number of psychotherapists in Andorra will be larger than that of the patients.
Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response
Authors: Matthew Schaller, Cory M. Hogaboam, Nicholas Lukacs, Steven L. Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

A number of investigations have linked respiratory viral infections and the intensity and subsequent exacerbation of asthma through host response mechanisms. For example, it is likely that the immune-inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus can cause a predisposition toward an intense inflammatory reaction associated with asthma, and adenovirus might cause exacerbation of the immune response associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In each of these situations, the host's immune response plays a critical mechanistic role through the production of certain cytokines and chemokines. Specific aspects of these augmented immune responses are determined by the biology of the virus, the genetic variability of the host, and the cytokine-chemokine phenotype of the involved tissue. For instance, the type 1/type 2 cytokine ratio in the airways during infection with rhinovirus determines how long the viral infection endures. By this same theory, it has been demonstrated that chemokine levels produced during respiratory syncytial virus infection determine host responses to later immune stimuli in the lung, with the potential to augment the asthmatic response. Further research in this area will clarify cytokines, chemokines, or cell targets, which will provide the basis for next-generation therapies.
COMPLEMENT AS A MEDIATOR OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: W. Dias da Silva, Irwin H. Lepow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Interaction in free solution of highly purified preparations of human C'1 esterase, C'4, C'2, and C'3, in the presence of Mg(2+), resulted in rapid generation of an activity indistinguishable by biological criteria from anaphylatoxin. The formation of anaphylatoxin was associated with immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C'3 to anodically faster migrating proteins and was unaffected by the presence or absence of added C'5. The biological properties of human anaphylatoxin prepared in this manner include: contraction and desensitization of isolated guinea pig ileum, failure to contract isolated rat uterus, enhancement of vascular permeability in guinea pig skin, degranulation of mast cells in guinea pig mesentery preparations, and liberation of histamine from suspensions of rat peritoneal mast cells. The smooth muscle-contracting and permeability enhancing properties were fully blocked by an antihistaminic drug, triprolidine. No cross-desensitizing activity on guinea pig ileum was demonstrable between rat and human or guinea pig and human anaphylatoxins but a closer biological relationship between rat and guinea pig anaphylatoxins was observed. It is concluded that anaphylatoxin is a product of the complement system. Its possible relationship to apparently similar activities currently being obtained in other laboratories has been discussed.
A Pilot Study of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanism of Artesunate in the MRL/lpr Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ouyang Jin, Huayong Zhang, Zhifeng Gu, Shengnan Zhao, Ting Xu, Kangxing Zhou, Bo Jiang, Jie Wang, Xiaofeng Zeng, Lingyun Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2009)
Quantitative Estimation by Indicator-Dilution Technics of the Contribution of Blood from Each Lung to the Left-to-Right Shunt in Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: H. J. C. SWAN, PETER S. HETZEL, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A method based on the initial portion of indicator-dilution curves has been used to determine the proportion of blood from each lung which drains anomalously. The results obtained appear to substantiate the derivation and permit the expression, in numerical values, of the greater proportion of anomalous drainage of blood from the right lung in the usual case of atrial septal defect. The principal assumptions pertaining to the method are discussed in some detail.
Bacterial infection induces nitric oxide synthase in human neutrophils.
Authors: M A Wheeler, S D Smith, G García-Cardeña, C F Nathan, R M Weiss, W C Sessa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The identification of human inflammatory cells that express inducible nitric oxide synthase and the clarification of the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human infectious or inflammatory processes have been elusive. In neutrophil-enriched fractions from urine, we demonstrate a 43-fold increase in nitric oxide synthase activity in patients with urinary tract infections compared with that in neutrophil-enriched fractions from noninfected controls. Partially purified inducible nitric oxide synthase is primarily membrane associated, calcium independent, and inhibited by arginine analogues with a rank order consistent with that of purified human inducible nitric oxide synthase. Molecular, biochemical, and immunocytochemical evidence unequivocally identifies inducible nitric oxide synthase as the major nitric oxide synthase isoform found in neutrophils isolated from urine during urinary tract infections. Elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and elevated nitric oxide synthase protein measured in patients with urinary tract infections and treated with antibiotics does not decrease until 6-10 d of antibiotic treatment. The extended elevation of neutrophil inducible nitric oxide synthase during urinary tract infections may have both antimicrobial and proinflammatory functions.
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: Porter Storey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was distressed by the article in the Jan 8,1988, issue of<i>JAMA</i>entitled "It's Over, Debbie."<sup>1</sup>I, too, was a tired gynecologic resident rotating through large hospitals and I saw similar situations and, perhaps, responded no better than our nameless physician. After that, I did three years of internal medicine training that did not help me prepare for managing such difficult problems. I went to the United Kingdom to study how things are done at the University of Edinburgh and at St Christopher's Hospice in London and then became medical director of a hospice. During the past five years I have treated some 2000 terminally ill patients to the times of their deaths, mostly in their own homes but sometimes in our inpatient facility. I have learned that patients like Debbie do not need to be killed by their physicians to be relieved of their
Non-HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Predict Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rui Jiang, Matthias B. Schulze, Tricia Li, Nader Rifai, Meir J. Stampfer, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the role of non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo)B, markers of all potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in comparison with LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively followed 746 diabetic men in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study who were aged 46–81 years and free of CVD or cancer at the time of blood draw in 1993–1994. During 6 years of follow-up, we ascertained 103 incident CVD cases. RESULTS—We used Cox proportional hazard modeling to estimate the relative risk (RR) of CVD. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle risk factors, the multivariate RR of CVD (the highest versus the lowest quartile) was 2.34 (95% CI 1.26–4.32) for non-HDL cholesterol, 2.31 (1.23–4.35) for apoB, and 1.74 (0.99–3.06) for LDL cholesterol. Comparisons of nested models indicate that non-HDL cholesterol, but not apoB, adds significantly to the prediction of CVD risk beyond LDL cholesterol. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.685, 0.691, 0.695, and 0.722 for the CVD risk-prediction model with LDL cholesterol, apoB, non-HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol–to–HDL cholesterol ratio (or the non-HDL–to–HDL cholesterol ratio), respectively. CONCLUSIONS—Non-HDL cholesterol and apoB are more potent predictors of CVD incidence among diabetic men than LDL cholesterol. Statistically, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol is the best predictor of CVD in this cohort of diabetic men.
THE FUTURE OF THE AILING POOR-LAW CHILD
Authors: A. D. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1908)

of the two former cases.He is now, five months* since beginning of treatment, practically quite well.The right cord is free from growth and is mobile, with no turgescence of the ventricular band.IV. A. D. The patient is a marine consulting engineer, aged 64 years.He is a smoker but is temperate in his habits.This case is interesting, and worth including with the above, as it also was a direct sequel to influenza, and had been regarded for some weeks as a simple adenitis.The case is therefore a very recent one, and has only had a few irradiations.Up to five months ago-that is, the begin- ning of January last-he was quite well, and in his usual good health when lhe contracted influenza.From this he recovered, but in a fortnight had a relapse after undue exposure.Imme- diately following, and practically coterminous with it, he had some enlargement of the anterior cervical glands of the left side of the neck, which has continued to the present time.There is a little discomfort in swallowing, and the voice is a little chaniged in character, but neither of these symptoms amounted to very much.His physical condition on March 17th Was as follows:-On the left side of the larynx, springing from the aryteno-epiglottic fold, anid including the arytenoid carti- lage, was a medium-sized, mulberry-like growth.This occu- piecl the wlhole side of the larynx between the arytenoid and epiglottis.There was no fetor of breath, haemorrhage, or discharge.The left vocal cord could not be seen.The ex- pectoration was examined for tubercle bacilli, with negative results.The glands were tender and rather hard, but not at all stony.Precisely the same treatment was adopted as in the formEr cases, but so far lie has only had a few irradiations, with the following results:Condition of Laryiir.-Themulberry-like growth has entirely disappeared, briniging into view the cord on the left side.There is, however, some infiltration, extending from the arvtenoid cartilage, along the aryteno-epiglottic fold, for three parts of its way upwards, assuming the appearance of an oval swelling.There is some pain in swallowing for the first time, and