tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydatidiform Mole Misdiagnosed as Chorioncarcinoma
Authors: A. R. Kittermaster, P. Stallabrass
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Prelimninary Communications even though this is absent in rats and dogs (Paget, 1963), and we therefore think it should be given over long periods only to patients with a poor life expectancy.However, when a non-carcinogenic beta-receptor-blocking drug is produced it would be worth trying in the treatment of hypertension.SUMMARY Pronethalol, an adrenergic beta-blocking drug, has been found to have a hypotensive action in man.After intravenous administration no hypotensive effect is swn.After short-term oral administration in a double-blind trial in angina pectoris (Prichard et al., 1963) there was a small but statistically significant hypotensive action.After three months' use in 15 patients, 11 of whom were hypertensives, there was a mean fall in blood-pressure of 33/ 23 mm.Hg supine and 27/16 mm.Hg standing.This effect may be due to block of sympathetic nerves to the heart.However, in view of its carcinogenic properties pronethalol should not be used in the treatment of hypertension.
The Question of Survival After Death-Reply
Authors: Bruce Greyson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Two reasons justify the publication of our article in a medical journal. First, the experiences to which we drew attention occur frequently (although not exclusively) during grave physical illnesses and injuries. The actual role of physiological changes in these experiences is still poorly understood. Some persons have them when they think they are going to die, even though they are not suffering from a serious illness or injury. This latter group of subjects (or patients) may not often be seen and examined by physicians; but the former group of patients—those with serious physical illnesses or injuries—will usually be examined by physicians. If physicians were more aware than most presently are of the kind of near-death experiences we described, they could observe and report details of patients having these experiences in a way that could greatly improve our understanding of them. Second, near-death experiences— whatever the best explanation may
Long-Term Toxicity Monitoring via Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Ethan Basch, Alexia Iasonos, Allison Barz, Ann Culkin, Mark G. Kris, David Artz, Paul Fearn, John Speakman, Rena Farquhar, Howard I. Scher, Mary McCabe, Deborah Schrag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

In cancer treatment trials, clinicians traditionally report patient toxicity symptoms. Alternatively, patients could provide this information directly.The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) is the mandated instrument for tracking patient toxicity symptoms in National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored cancer treatment trials. We adapted CTCAE symptom items into patient language and uploaded these to an online platform. Lung cancer outpatients receiving chemotherapy were invited to self-report selected symptoms at visits via waiting area computers or optional home access. Symptom reports were printed for nurses at visits, but no instructions were given with regard to use of this information.From June 2005 through March 2006, 125 patients were invited to participate, and 107 chose to enroll. Mean length of participation was 42 weeks (range, 1 to 71 weeks), by which time 35% died. The average number of clinic visits was 12 (range, 1 to 40 visits). At each consecutive visit, most patients (mean, 78%) logged in without significant attrition. Reasons for failure to log in included having no reminder and having inadequate time. Although 76% of enrollees had home computers, only 15% self-reported from home. Satisfaction with the system was high (90%), but only 51% felt communication was improved. All participating nurses understood the reports and felt this information was useful for clinical decisions, documentation, and discussions. However, only one of seven nurses discussed reports with patients frequently, with insufficient time being the most common barrier to discussions.Online patient self-reporting is a feasible long-term strategy for toxicity symptom monitoring during chemotherapy, even among patients with advanced cancer and high symptom burdens. However, without explicit reminders and clinician feedback, patients demonstrated limited voluntary interest in self-reporting between visits.
Distinct growth hormone receptor signaling modes regulate skeletal muscle development and insulin sensitivity in mice
Authors: Mahendra D. Mavalli, Douglas J. DiGirolamo, Yong Fan, Ryan C. Riddle, Kenneth S. Campbell, Thomas van Groen, Stuart J. Frank, Mark A. Sperling, Karyn A. Esser, Marcas M. Bamman, Thomas L. Clemens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Skeletal muscle development, nutrient uptake, and nutrient utilization is largely coordinated by growth hormone (GH) and its downstream effectors, in particular, IGF-1. However, it is not clear which effects of GH on skeletal muscle are direct and which are secondary to GH-induced IGF-1 expression. Thus, we generated mice lacking either GH receptor (GHR) or IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) specifically in skeletal muscle. Both exhibited impaired skeletal muscle development characterized by reductions in myofiber number and area as well as accompanying deficiencies in functional performance. Defective skeletal muscle development, in both GHR and IGF-1R mutants, was attributable to diminished myoblast fusion and associated with compromised nuclear factor of activated T cells import and activity. Strikingly, mice lacking GHR developed metabolic features that were not observed in the IGF-1R mutants, including marked peripheral adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance in GHR-deficient myotubes derived from reduced IR protein abundance and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1 on Ser 1101. These results identify distinct signaling pathways through which GHR regulates skeletal muscle development and modulates nutrient metabolism.
The Emergence of Science in Western Europe
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Genius manifests itself in varied ways under varied circumstances. Often a cluster of individuals, working in a limited area in a limited period of time, can bring about great progress in one or another branch of science. Eventually the forward momentum seems to falter, and then leadership passes elsewhere. In this new book, edited by Professor Crosland, each of ten authorities describes the progress in one particular locus during a limited time span. The essays in the aggregate provide an excellent panorama of scientific advance, from the Renaissance to the middle of the 19th century. While the coverage is not systematic, and only a small part of the total scientific development gets discussed, yet this piecemeal approach is refreshing. Its very discursiveness offers an appeal that a systematic textbook cannot provide. In the Renaissance, Italy led the world in mathematics and mechanics, and in the early 17th century the Italian
Where shall John go? Iran.
Authors: A R Turner, J Turner
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We had spent four years in the surgical registrar grade, three of them after our fellowships, when we saw two advertisements in the British Medical _Journal-one for a surgeon, and the other for a general hospital doctor, at the Christian Hospital, Ghorveh, Kurdistan, Iran. Having always planned to spend some time in the mission field, we applied. While we were there ART was able to arrange, through personal contacts, a further academic year's work in the surgery department and hospitals of Pahlavi University, Shiraz: once in Shiraz, JT found a surgeon was required at the Christian Hospital there.
BCL-2 Family Proteins: Critical Checkpoints of Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Nika N. Danial
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant regulation of this pathway is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. The BCL-2 family of proteins constitutes a critical control point in apoptosis residing immediately upstream of irreversible cellular damage, where family members control the release of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria. The cardinal member of this family, BCL-2, was originally discovered as the defining oncogene in follicular lymphomas, located at one reciprocal breakpoint of the t(14;18) (q32;q21) chromosomal translocation. Since this original discovery, remarkable efforts marshaled by many investigators around the world have advanced our knowledge of the basic biology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in the apoptotic pathway. This review highlights findings from many laboratories that have helped uncover some of the critical control points in apoptosis. The emerging picture is that of an intricate cellular machinery orchestrated by tightly regulated molecular interactions and conformational changes within BCL-2 family proteins that ultimately govern the cellular commitment to apoptotic death.
Worldwide decline in semen quality might be due to smoking
Authors: M. F Vine
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—While there has been much concern recently about the potential effect of environmental oestrogens on male reproduction, studies of the association between cigarette smoking and sperm concentration, as well as patterns of cigarette consumption, support the notion that cigarette smoking may have contributed considerably to the worldwide decline in semen quality. Carlsen et al systematically reviewed 61 studies of semen quality conducted over 50 years and found that mean sperm concentration worldwide fell by half from …
Full-Thickness Gastric Prolapse Following Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: W. Campbell, G. Kirk, S. Refsum, T. Diamond
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Since the 1980s the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been a safe and reliable method of enteral feeding in patients with functioning normal bowel [1]. A 74-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease and a history of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was admitted after dislodgement of her PEG feeding tube. It had been placed 3 years previously using a standard pull-through technique, but had required replacement on several occasions due to dislodgement. She was found to have a large (8 × 9 cm) prolapse of engorged gastric mucosa protruding from the tube tract (Figure [1]). At laparotomy the prolapse was found to consist of everted full-thickness stomach wall. This was reduced and the defect was repaired in two layers (Figure [2]). A further PEG tube was placed at a distant site. The patient made a full recovery.
Mechanism of coronary microvascular responses to metabolic stimulation
Authors: Richard P Embrey, Leonard A Brooks, Kevin C Dellsperger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that coronary microvascular dilation to increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) is greater in vessels < 100 microns. The mechanism responsible for this response is uncertain.We tested the hypothesis that microvascular dilation to increased MVO2 is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Since NO release may occur in response to increased shear, we also tested the hypothesis that metabolic byproducts released in response to increase in MVO2 will stimulate opening of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel.Changes in epicardial coronary microvascular diameters were measured in 9 dogs given NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA; 100 microM, topically), 7 dogs given glibenclamide (10 microM, topically) and 12 control (C) dogs during increases in metabolic demand using dobutamine (DOB, 10 micrograms/kg/min, i.v.) with rapid atrial pacing (PAC, 300 bpm). Diameters of arterioles were measured using intravital microscopy coupled to stroboscopic epi-illumination.During the protocol, MVO2 increased to a similar degree in both experimental groups (LNNA and glibenclamide). Baseline hemodynamics and coronary microvascular diameters were similar between the two experimental groups and their respective control groups. In the presence of LNNA, coronary arteriolar (< 100 microns) dilation (% change from baseline) was impaired during the protocol (DOB: vehicle 18 +/- 5, LNNA 2 +/- 2 [P < 0.05]; DOB + RAP: vehicle 40 +/- 11, LNNA 6 +/- 2% [P < 0.05]). In contrast, glibenclamide did not impair coronary microvascular responses to increased MVO2 despite increases in MVO2.This study indicates that coronary microvascular dilation in response to increased metabolic stimulation using dobutamine in conjunction with rapid pacing is mediated through a nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism and not ATP-sensitive potassium channels. These results may have important implications in pathological disease states where nitric oxide mechanisms are impaired, such as diabetes and hypertension.
Treatment of Severe Ocular-Surface Disorders with Corneal Epithelial Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kazuo Tsubota, Yoshiyuki Satake, Minako Kaido, Naoshi Shinozaki, Shigeto Shimmura, Hiroko Bissen-Miyajima, Jun Shimazaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Conditions that destroy the limbal area of the peripheral cornea, such as the Stevens–Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and chemical and thermal injuries, can deplete stem cells of the corneal epithelium. The result is scarring and opacification of the normally clear cornea. Standard corneal transplantation cannot treat this form of functional blindness.
Abstract 1364: Combination of MEDI3617, a fully human anti-angiopoietin 2 monoclonal antibody, with inhibitors of the VEGF pathway enhances antitumor activity in vivo
Authors: Ivan V. Inigo, Karen Coffman, Christine Fazenbaker, Bahija Jallal, Pamela Trail, Theresa LaVallee, Steve Coats, Yong Chang, Ching Ching Leow
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) is an important regulator of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation, and maintenance of the integrity of the vascular endothelium. Ang2-Tie2 interactions for vascular remodeling have been shown to play an important role in tumor vessel plasticity. MEDI3617 is a fully human anti-Ang2 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the activity of Ang2, thereby inhibiting Ang2 from binding and signaling through the Tie2 receptor. Previously, we have demonstrated that treatment with MEDI3617 resulted in tumor growth inhibition in a wide spectrum of subcutaneous human tumor xenograft models. Given that angiogenesis is a process that requires concerted interplay of mutiple pathways, predominantly the VEGF pathway and the Ang/Tie pathway, we hypothesized that maximal inhibition of tumoral angiogenesis and consequently tumor growth could be achieved by blocking both pathways. We investigated the activity and tolerability of combining MEDI3617 with inhibitors of the VEGF pathway such as sorafenib and bevacizumab. In PLCPRF/5, a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model, combination of MEDI3617 and sorafenib resulted in a significant increase tumor growth inhibition. Similarly, in HPAC, a pancreatic cancer xenograft model, combination of MEDI3617 and bevacizumab resulted in greater tumor growth inhibition than either single agent alone. Mice exhibited no adverse effects or wt. loss following combination treatments. Taken together, these data support the clinical evaluation of the combination treatment of MEDI3617 and a VEGF inhibitor in cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1364.
Disinfection of the Skin: An Assessment of Some New Preparations
Authors: H. A. Lilly, E. J. L. Lowbury
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Repeated hand washing with a detergent solution containing 0.75% chlorhexidine digluconate was found to cause a large reduction in the resident skin flora which was slightly though significantly smaller than that caused by the use of 3% hexachlorophane liquid soap containing a phenolic preservative, chlorocresol 0.3%. Both agents caused a greater immediate reduction of bacteria after a single hand washing than the hexachlorophane liquid soap without a phenolic additive had shown in earlier experiments; the soap base containing chlorocresol 0.3% but no hexachlorophane was also found to cause a large reduction in skin flora. The chlorhexidine detergent solution had no residual disinfectant action on the skin after rinsing and drying the hands.Disinfection of an operation site for two minutes with povidone-iodine containing 1% available iodine in 70% ethyl alcohol caused about as great a reduction in resident flora as a similar treatment with alcoholic 0.5% chlorhexidine. Both treatments were more effective than disinfection with aqueous 1% cetrimide or 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solutions.
Diabetogenic Effect of Pentamidine
Authors: Murat Yurdakök
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Zuger et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Pentamidine-Associated Fatal Acute Pancreatitis." The authors described a case of severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis that developed in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during pentamidine isethionate treatment for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia. According to this report, "The pancreas was grossly necrotic; microscopic examination confirmed massive necrosis of both islet and nonislet tissue, surrounded by an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Islet cells within the nonnecrotic areas of the pancreas appeared normal." <h3>Study.—</h3> I have found a diabetogenic effect of pentamidine in mice.<sup>2</sup>Pentamidine mesylate (Lomidine) was injected in a daily dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight intramuscularly for ten days in the study group. The control group received saline solution intramuscularly. On the 11th day, blood samples were obtained and the pancreata of the mice were removed. In animals receiving pentamidine, there was a significant elevation
Serum Anti-γ-Globulin and Antinuclear Factors in the Aged
Authors: Roy J. Cammarata
Journal: JAMA (1967)

With use of a standard latex agglutination test, anti-γ-globulin factor was found in the serum of 16% of 325 elderly persons. There was no significant difference in the number of positive reactions between the sexes, but the percentage of seroreactors was higher among Jewish than non-Jewish women. Seventeen of the 52 seroreactors were found to have clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Antinuclear factor was found in 36% of 255 of these elderly persons. There was no correlation between positive antinuclear and anti-γ-globulin reactions. The concentrations of total serum protein and of serum albumin were slightly lower than those found in healthy young adults, while the concentration of serum γ-globulin was slightly greater.
Visit to a Nursing Home
Authors: Ada C. Rahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum1 February 1997Visit to a Nursing HomeAda C. Rahn, MDAda C. Rahn, MDElmhurst, IL 60126Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Oh, Father, one of the Gods who are forever young,has made you magnificent before my eyes.Homer, The OdysseyHe is invisible, the aged one.He does not move,resting his tremulous hands,on a metal chariot,parked and forgottenon expurgated halls.He is an ancient oracle,with nothing to divine.Staring with fixed vision,he no longer hears,the clatter of dawn.Wasted by years, racked,bowed by loneliness,he waits.“Goddess Athena!bathe Laertes, and anoint him with death,end his dependence,more painful than illness,dress him in new clothes,fill out his limbs,give girth and stature to the old soldier,fresh from the bathing place.” Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Elmhurst, IL 60126Corresponding Author: Ada C. Rahn, MD, 1700 West Van Buren, Chicago, IL 60612. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 3Page: 249KeywordsNursing homesVision Issue Published: 1 February 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
INFLUENZA IN FIJI
Authors: Harold K. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —I have read with interest the instructive articles on influenza based on the epidemic of 1918, which have appeared in recent issues ofThe Journal.  During this epidemic I was a member of the British medical service of the colony of Fiji. Some instances of the effectiveness of isolation against infection of communities with influenza came under my notice at that time which I think might be of interest, as they confirm the conclusion that it is quite safe to assert that perfect isolation of an individual or group during an influenza epidemic constitutes a complete protection against the disease.  An instance of the effectiveness of isolation by means of quarantine measures occurred in American Samoa, which was under the command of an American naval officer. The port of entry here is Pago Pago. Efficient quarantine prevented infection of the inhabitants of American Samoa with influenza. Pago
Evaluation and Installation of Surgical Laser Systems
Authors: George M. Bohigian
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Lasers were conceived by none other than Einstein in 1917. He probably would never have predicted the rapid proliferation in the use of lasers in many surgical specialties—captivating both the medical community and the lay public. The application of lasers has evolved into commonplace usage. Despite the rapid growth in laser interest and knowledge, no single source exists to instruct the many new laser users in proper, safe, and effective use of the new modality. According to the editor, "This volume is intended to be a one-stop, complete information source both for the novice as well as the experienced laser user." The editor and his contributors have neatly organized the book into three major areas that are practical and functional. In the first section are chapters that cover biophysics, requirements of laser installation, administrative responsibilities, and safety considerations. The second section discusses past, present, and future use of lasers in
Sustained Hypertension due to Pheochromocytoma
Authors: HUGH P. SMITH, R. BRUCE LOGUE, DONALD E. BEARD
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Report of a case of sustained arterial hypertension due to an adrenal medullary tumor, excision of which resulted in return of the blood pressure to normal levels and relief of all symptoms. A brief discussion of the symptoms and signs and several useful diagnostic tests is included.
The Drug Industry and Drug Effectiveness
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SENATOR Estes Kefauver's greatest legislative success in his distinguished career was the Drug Amendments Act of 1962.1 In the opinion of most commentators, the most important change in the federal drug laws accomplished under this act was the requirement that manufacturers prove the efficacy of their products as well as their safety. In an earlier paper, I asserted, "This meant a fundamental change in the philosophy of public regulation of the drug industry. From a policeman of safety, the FDA was transformed into an arbiter of value, quality, and success in scientific achievement."2 In an extremely important opinion, Upjohn Company . . .