tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area in conscious dogs.
Authors: T Nozawa, C P Cheng, T Noda, W C Little
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The relation between left ventricular (LV) oxygen consumption (MVO2) and pressure-volume area (PVA) developed in isolated hearts provides a powerful method to understand cardiac energetics. We investigated application of this relation to the intact circulation, determining its response to steady-state and transient load alterations and enhanced contractility in conscious animals. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight dogs were instrumented to measure LV pressure (micromanometer), LV volume (three sonomicrometers), and left circumflex and anterior descending coronary artery flows (ultrasonic flowmeter). Data were acquired after recovery from the surgery with the animals awake and unsedated. After administration of hexamethonium and atropine, steady-state loading conditions were changed with phenylephrine or nitroprusside in four to five steps before and during the infusion of dobutamine (6 to 10 micrograms.-1kg.-1min). MVO2 and PVA obtained under steady-state conditions were linearly correlated both before and during dobutamine. The MVO2-PVA relation obtained on a beat-to-beat basis during transient caval occlusion was less linear and not coincident with the steady-state relation. Dobutamine shifted the steady-state MVO2-PVA relation upward in all hearts, increasing the MVO2 axis intercept of the MVO2-PVA relation (P &lt; .01). This intercept correlated with ventricular contractility assessed by the slope (Ees) of the LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation determined by caval occlusion (r = .76, P &lt; .05). The slope of the MVO2-PVA relation increased with dobutamine in seven of eight animals, with the inverse of the slope (representing contractile efficiency) being 31 +/- 6% during control and 24 +/- 6% after dobutamine (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS MVO2 and PVA are linearly related during steady-state alterations in loading conditions in conscious dogs but not on a beat-by-beat basis during transient caval occlusion. Increase in contractility by dobutamine produces an upward shift of the MVO2-PVA relation.
LECTURES ON INTRACRANIAL SURGERY.VIII—SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY.
Authors: EMORY LANPHEAR
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In every case of epilepsy where an initial spasm of a segment or a part of the body, or a localizing aura can be detected, trephining is imperatively indicated; for epilepsy is a disease incurable by other than surgical measures, as a rule, while many cases can be benefited by operation when the site of focal disease can be determined and reached. This proposition has met, and still meets, with opposition, the reasons urged against it being three in number, viz., 1, in some cases subjected to operation, the convulsions have returned within a few months after removal of the apparent cause; 2, in a number of cases reported the paroxysms continued after operation, undiminished in number and intensity; 3, sometimes epilepsy is cured by a simple exploratory operation, no lesion being discovered—hence the conclusion that whatever good results from surgical treatment arises from the operation<i>per se</i>and not
More public education and more intubationists will prevent prehospital deaths
Authors: M. W Cooke
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In his letter in response to my editorial1 Deakin2 quotes Hussain and Redmond's study, which showed that at least 39% and up to 85% of preventable prehospital deaths may be due to airway obstruction.3 He did not, however, note the finding in that study that all the prehospital deaths occurred before medical or paramedical help …
Submucosal injection, for endoscopic mucosal resection, of photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel in DMEM/F12 medium
Authors: T. Ishizuka, T. Hayashi, M. Ishihara, Y. Yoshizumi, S. Aiko, S. Nakamura, H. Yura, Y. Kanatani, Y. Nogami, T. Maehara
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Ishizuka et al., pp. 428Endoscopy 2007; 39(05): 484-484DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306931
P2-12-14: Prognostic Value of HER2 Positivity and Negative Hormonal Status in Patients with Small Tumor (&amp;lt;1cm) and Node-Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: I Meattini, L Livi, C Saieva, B Agresti, V Scotti, J Nori, LJ Sanchez, V Vezzosi, S Bianchi, L Cataliotti, G Biti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification has become the prototype biomarker to develop tailored biological treatment. Many studies suggested that HER2 positivity is an independent predictor of disease recurrence and breast cancer mortality. Trastuzumab has been introduced into clinical practice for high-risk HER2−positive patients who have completed the standard adjuvant treatment. However, small (&amp;lt;1cm), node-negative tumors remain a subgroup of HER2−positive patients who are currently ineligible for trastuzumab treatment, as clinically they have been deemed to have no requirement for standard adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of our analysis was to evaluate the prognostic factors of local and distant recurrence in patients diagnosed with T1a-b, node-negative, HER-2 positive breast cancer. Materials and methods. A total of 704 patients were diagnosed at Florence University between November 1999 and December 2008 with node-negative, invasive BC that were 1 cm or smaller. Patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, with recurrent BC at presentation and patients that received adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from analysis. Results. Mean follow-up was 4.9 years (0.5−10.8 years); we recorded a total of 19 recurrences, including 10 distant recurrences. Mean time to local relapse occurrence was 3.8 years (0.4−7.3 years); mean time to distant metastases diagnosis was 4.4 years (1.4−7.6 years). Among all patients, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 93.7%. The only parameter that emerged as significant predictor of events is the age (p=0.02). The distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) rate was 96.5%. Patients who had HER2−positive BC had worse DRFS than patients who had HER2−negative BC (92.0% v 96.9%; p=0.045). In addition to HER2, also HR status was significantly associated with DRFS (p=0.026). Patients who had HR negative status had worse DRFS than patients who had HR positive status (91.4% v 97.4%; p=0.045). Conclusions. Patients with T1a-b, node-negative, breast cancer have a low risk of distant and local recurrence. Women with HER2−positive and negative hormonal status have a significant risk of distant recurrence and should be considered for anti-HER2 adjuvant therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-14.
WHO s plan to police health websites rejected
Authors: J. Illman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following WHO's plan to police health websites rejected Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Death on the roads: Article lacks logic
Authors: John Adams
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle. 1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users.The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it.As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom.
Abstract 4522: Nanoparticle chemosensitization.
Authors: Manish Sethi, Sonya R. Kowalczyk, Chintan H. Kapadia, Michael E. Werner, Rohit Sukumar, Edina Wang, Andrew Z. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Systemic drug toxicity and multi-drug resistance are the two major obstacles in the treatment of cancer. While multi-drug resistance can be easily overcome by the use of chemosensitizers, the process of chemosensitization itself has been shown to be highly toxic to the normal cells. This is because chemosensitizers not only sensitize the tumor tissue but also the normal tissue to the effect of the drug leading to a substantial increase in the systemic toxicity of the drug. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) can decrease systemic toxicity by virtue of their property of preferential accumulation at the site of tumor, making them an ideal candidate for the delivery of the chemosensitizers. We developed a novel method to overcome both of the major obstacles in cancer treatment by synthesizing NP formulations of two potent chemosensitizers, wortmannin (Wtmn) and olaparib. Wtmn is a highly effective PI3 kinase and DNA-PK inhibitor while olaparib is highly potent Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. NP Wtmn and NP olaparib were synthesized using a biodegradable core-shell NP platform. We studied the chemosensitization effects of NP Wtmn and NP olaparib in vitro using the lung cancer cell lines H23 and H460, and a multi-drug resistant lung cancer cell line H69AR followed by the drug treatment. We used different chemotherapeutic drugs such as etoposide, gemcitabine and docetaxel to demonstrate the effect of NP chemosensitizers. The biodistribution of the NPs was determined using the mouse xenograft model of H460. Normal tissue toxicity was evaluated by using NP chemosensitizers and compared with their small molecule counterparts. Finally, we evaluated NP Wtmn and NP olaparib as a chemosensitizers in vivo using murine xenograft models of H69AR and H460 and compared them to that of free chemosensitizers. NP chemosensitizers, similar to their small molecule counterparts, are highly potent in vitro in all three cell lines. The biodistribution study showed that NP formulation leads to a higher tumor accumulation when compared to the free molecules. Toxicity study showed significantly less hepatic and hematologic toxicity with NP formulation than the free molecules. In vivo efficacy study demonstrated that NP Wtmn and NP olaparib are potent chemosensitizers and are more effective than their small molecule counterparts. Further, we demonstrated that NP Wtmn can overcome drug resistance in H69AR cell line. Our work demonstrates the proof of principle in utilizing nanomedicine for the improving chemosensitization. Citation Format: Manish Sethi, Sonya R. Kowalczyk, Chintan H. Kapadia, Michael E. Werner, Rohit Sukumar, Edina Wang, Andrew Z. Wang. Nanoparticle chemosensitization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4522
Multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Greater London.
Authors: G Dean, H McLoughlin, R Brady, A M Adelstein, J Tallett-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Among immigrants resident in greater London from Europe, Ireland, the USSR, the old Commonwealth countries of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, North and South America, Egypt, Turkey, and Iran the incidence of admission to hospital for probable multiple sclerosis (MS) between 1960 and 1972 was high or moderately high. The incidence was the same order as that found in those born in the United Kingdom. Immigrants from India, Pakistan, and other Asian countries and from new Commonwealth Africa and America, which includes the West Indies, had a low incidence of hospital admission for MS. Immigrants from countries where the risk of MS is low whose parents were born in Europe had a reduced incidence of admission to hospital but not the very low incidence found in those parents were also born in these countries. Emigrating to England from low risk parts of the world did not seem to increase the risk of developing MS.
Enhanced expression of B7-1, B7-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in sinusoidal endothelial cells by warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver
Authors: Naosuke Kojima, Mitsuru Sato, Akira Suzuki, Takeya Sato, Shigeru Satoh, Tetsuro Kato, Haruki Senoo
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

To elucidate a role of costimulatory molecule and cell adhesion molecule in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined an alteration in B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) expression in the rat liver after warm ischemia/reperfusion injury. To induce hepatic warm ischemia in a rat model, both portal vein and hepatic artery entering the left-lateral and median lobes were occluded by clamping for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, and then reperfused for 24 hours. B7-1, B7-2, and ICAM-1 expressions in the liver were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Although B7-1 and B7-2 expressions were at very low levels in the liver tissues from normal or sham-operated control rats, both B7-1 and B7-2 expressions were enhanced at protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the affected, left lobes after warm ischemia/reperfusion. ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were constitutively expressed in the liver of normal and sham-operated control rats, and further up-regulated after warm ischemia/reperfusion. Localization of increased B7-1, B7-2, and ICAM-1 proteins, as well as von Willebrand factor as a marker protein for endothelial cells, was confined by immunofluorescence staining to sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic lobules. Data from quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that B7-1 and B7-2 mRNA levels were elevated in hepatic lobes after warm ischemia/reperfusion (5.13- and 52.9-fold increase, respectively), whereas ICAM-1 mRNA expression was rather constitutive but further enhanced by warm ischemia/reperfusion (4.24-fold increase). These results suggest that hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells play a pivotal role as antigen-presenting cells by expressing B7-1 and B7-2 in warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that B7-1 and/or B7-2 might be the primary target to prevent early rejection and inflammatory reactions after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation.
Investigation of the role of polymorphisms at the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase loci in genetic predisposition to alcohol-related end-organ damage
Authors: Christopher P. Day, Rumaisa Bashir, Oliver F. W. James, Margaret F. Bassendine, David W. Crabb, Holly R. Thomasson, Ting-Kai Li, Howard J. Edenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Little is known about factors determining individual susceptibility to the physical complications of alcohol abuse but genetically determined differences in ethanol metabolism may be important. The oxidative metabolism of alcohol is catalyzed by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Polymorphisms have been observed at two of the five loci encoding alcohol dehydrogenase subunits: ADH2 (producing three β subunits) and ADH3 (producing two subunits) and also at the locus encoding the metabolically important form of aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH2 . We have compared ADH2 , ADH3 and ALDH2 allele frequencies in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 59) and chronic pancreatitis (n = 13) with 79 local healthy control subjects. The different alleles were detected with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes after amplification of leukocyte DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. All patients and all but one control subject were homozygous ADH2★1 , encoding the β1 subunit. No ADH2★3 alleles were detected. All 34 patients and 39 control subjects tested were homozygous ALDH2★1 encoding the active enzyme. ADH 3 allele frequencies were different in patients and control subjects. ADH 3 ★ 1 frequency: control subjects, 55.1%; cirrhotic patients, 62.7%; chronic pancreatitis patients, 65.4%. The difference between the patient groups combined and the control subjects was significant (p &lt; 0.05; G-test of Sokal and Rohlf) if it was assumed that the allele frequency in our control population was a reasonable estimate of our local population allele frequency.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE
Authors: L. Webster Fox
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Fifteen months ago you gave publicity to what was then regarded as a weakness in the Bureau of Indian Affairs as regarded its medical service. Other correspondents and myself contributed quite voluminously on this phase of the subject. I would now like to ask that you give equal publicity to the accomplishments that have been wrought in that department since that time, no doubt, in part at least, as the result of that publicity. In 1923, I visited the Blackfoot Reservation and made observations there on trachoma as it occurs in this tribe, and performed many operations on the patients at the invitation of the physicians in charge. These observations were brought to the attention of the authorities in Washington. In the summer of 1924, I again visited this reservation and held clinics, to which seven of the physicians of the Indian Service were assigned. In January,
Pathophysiologic Correlations in Two Cases of Split His Bundle Potentials
Authors: SAROJA BHARATI, MAURICE LEV, DELON WU, PABLO DENES, RAMESH DHINGRA, KENNETH M. ROSEN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

This is a pathophysiological correlation in two cases showing split His bundle potentials. The first case had a history of previous complete heart block and the electrophysiological studies revealed split His potentials with intact A-V conduction. Case two had split His potentials with complete heart block. Serial sections of the conduction system in both cases revealed calcific impingement on, and degenerative changes within the bundle of His with healthy bundle of His proximal and distal to the lesion.
Factors Associated with Aromatase Inhibitor Use in a Large Cohort of Women Cared for in an Integrated Health Plan.
Authors: R. Haque, J. Schottinger, A. Fisher, C. Avila, A. Guo, S. Zelt, J. Shi, E. Fong, V. Quinn
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Third generation aromatase inhibitors (AI) have been well tolerated in clinical trials and may have fewer side effects than tamoxifen. While national treatment guidelines recommend AI for postmenopausal women with ER+ tumors, the extent to which women are prescribed AIs in community settings in the U.S., and as front-line or extended therapy, remains unknown. Using data from a large non-profit health plan that serves over 3 million residents in Southern California, we report results examining the characteristics of breast cancer (BCa) survivors who were ever prescribed AIs.Methods: This cross-sectional analysis examined a cohort of 25,577 BCa (in situ and invasive cases) diagnosed from 1996-2006. We collected demographic, tumor, and cancer treatment information from automated health plan databases and SEER-affiliated cancer registry files. We identified patient and clinical factors associated with AI use. P-values (2-sided) were based on the chi-square distribution. Adjusted odds ratios (for age and year at diagnosis) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression.Results: In this cohort, nearly 37% ever used AIs (P&amp;lt;0.0001). Use of AIs increased by year (P&amp;lt;0.0001). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, minority women were less likely prescribed AIs (AOR=0.75 for blacks, 95% CI: 0.69-0.81). Although most women who used AI were first diagnosed with early stage disease (2 cm vs. &amp;lt;1cm). Women with positive lymph nodes had twice the odds of AI use (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 2.13-2.42) than those with negative nodes. Women with ER+ or PR+ lesions were more likely to have ever used AI (P&amp;lt;0.0001) as were those with HER- tumors (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.89). Women who underwent breast conserving surgery without radiation were 36% less likely to use AI (AOR=0.64 95% CI: 0.59-0.69) than those with radiation. Of the total cohort, nearly 64% received adjuvant treatment. Among the 6716 women who received tamoxifen, about 43% (2918/6716) also used AI. Of note, during the 2005-2006 diagnosis years, the percentage treated with tamoxifen dropped among women ever prescribed AI. Of the 6627 women treated with chemotherapy only, 36% also received AI (2354/6627).Conclusions: Odds of AI use were greater among older women (age 60+), white race, higher stage at diagnosis, worse histology, positive lymph nodes, and those with ER+, PR+, or HER- tumors. However, grade and tumor size did not influence AI use. More work is needed to determine how patterns of AI use alone or following tamoxifen, medication changes, and tumor characteristics at initial diagnosis impact long-term breast cancer recurrence in this diverse group of patients in southern California. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2079.
P193High-resolution coronary collateral distribution in the human heart
Authors: MGJTB Van Lier, P Van Horssen, JCV Schwarz, AC Van Der Wal, JAE Spaan, M Siebes, JPHM Van Den Wijngaard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Myocardial tissue ischemia may be mitigated by a well-developed coronary collateral circulation. Only few detailed 3D data are available of the entire human coronary arterial tree. Here, high-resolution reconstructions of the coronary vasculature of two human hearts were quantitatively analyzed.
Unusual Course of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Joseph Zahavi
Journal: JAMA (1967)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis is a disease with protean symptomatology, varied, atypical, and complicated in its course; the signs and symptoms may not be suggestive and the diagnosis is sometimes reached only incidentally and late. We herewith present a case with such an unusual sequence of events. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man was admitted to surgical department C on May 25, 1965, because of pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, of three days' duration, accompanied by nausea and constipation. In 1926, a left nephrectomy had been performed because of nephrolithiasis with nonfunctioning kidney. Since 1937 he had been suffering from epigastric pain attributed to hypertrophic gastritis; since 1953, from intermittent claudication of both legs; and since May 1964, from attacks of precordial pain lasting five to ten minutes; serial electrocardiograms, however, were normal. Blood pressure readings of 200/100 to 110 mm Hg were found on many occasions.