tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
4-Hydroxyestradiol Induces Anchorage-Independent Growth of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells via Activation of IκB Kinase: Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Sin-Aye Park, Hye-Kyung Na, Eun-Hee Kim, Young-Nam Cha, Young-Joon Surh
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Estrogen is converted by cytochrome P450 1B1 to 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)), a putative carcinogenic metabolite of estrogen. This catechol estrogen metabolite is oxidized further to produce a reactive quinone via semiquinone. Redox cycling between 4-OHE(2) and its quinoid generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS not only causes oxidative DNA damage but also promotes neoplastic transformation of initiated cells. In the present study, 4-OHE(2) induced anchorage-independent colony formation in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). MCF-10A cells treated with 4-OHE(2) exhibited increased accumulation of intracellular ROS. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited the neoplastic transformation induced by 4-OHE(2). ROS overproduced by 4-OHE(2) increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and its DNA binding through induction of IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) and IKKbeta activities. The inhibition of the IKK activities with Bay 11-7082 significantly reduced the anchorage-independent growth induced by 4-OHE(2). The 4-OHE(2)-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt resulted in enhanced IKK activities and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, thereby inducing NF-kappaB activation and anchorage-independent growth of MCF-10A cells. In conclusion, ROS, concomitantly overproduced during redox cycling of 4-OHE(2), activates IKK signaling, which may contribute to neoplastic transformation of MCF-10A cells.
Improved glycemic control with insulin aspart: a multicenter randomized double-blind crossover trial in type 1 diabetic patients. UK Insulin Aspart Study Group.
Authors: P D Home, A Lindholm, B Hylleberg, P Round
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To compare glycemic control obtained with the new rapid-acting insulin analog insulin aspart with that obtained with unmodified human insulin using algorithm-driven dosage adjustment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a multicenter randomized double-blind crossover study of 90 male subjects with type 1 diabetes. Insulin aspart or soluble human insulin was administered before meals, and NPH insulin was administered at bedtime as basal therapy. Each 4-week study period ended with a 24-h inpatient serum insulin and plasma glucose profile. RESULTS: The 24-h plasma glucose control obtained with insulin aspart, as assessed by excursions of blood glucose outside a predefined normal range (4.0-7.0 mmo/l), was superior (22% reduction in excursion, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Fructosamine levels remained unchanged with insulin aspart, with daytime glycemic control superior but nighttime glycemic control inferior. Eight-point home blood glucose profiles confirmed that insulin aspart significantly improved postprandial blood glucose control after lunch and dinner (P &amp;lt; 0.05) without deterioration of preprandial blood glucose control. Hypoglycemic episodes requiring third-party intervention were significantly fewer with insulin aspart than with human insulin (20 vs. 44 events, P &amp;lt; 0.002). Insulin aspart was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with human insulin, insulin aspart can improve postprandial glycemic control as assessed by a reduction in hyper- and hypoglycemic excursions in people with type 1 diabetes. For its full potential to be realized, it will need to provide better control of nighttime hyperglycemia.
Re-offending rates are lower among offenders treated in secure hospitals than among mentally ill people held in prison
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The reconviction rate for offenders treated at Broadmoor, one of four high security hospitals in the UK, is between four and six times lower than for mentally ill offenders held in prison, says the clinical lead at the hospital.

And of those discharged from Broadmoor, only one patient in 17 returns, giving a success rate of 95%, said consultant psychiatrist Mrigendra Das.

Broadmoor, like the other high security hospitals, specialises in treating and rehabilitating the highest risk mentally disordered offenders. Patients include Peter Sutcliffe, the serial killer dubbed the Yorkshire …
PSYCHIC FACTORS IN THE COURSE OF CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: NELLIS B. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Under the term of psychic disorders I wish to be understood to include not only the more obvious disorders of intelligence and reason but also the less clearly defined changes in personality that determine in life the relation an individual holds with his environment. Thus defined, the psychic disorders that are initiated not only by real heart disease but also scarcely less by imagined disease are various and important. In concrete cases we find at one extreme clearly defined examples of organic mental reaction due to cerebral congestion or anemia or to toxic states resulting from cardiovascular failure, and at the other a pathetic failure of adaptation due to personality or constitutional defects but not necessarily an inferiority complex. In severe states of cardiac insufficiency, sleep is disturbed and broken by periods of semiconsciousness. During this period some patients are subject to dreams in the sleeping period and hallucinations in
Evaluation of New Rapid Office Test for Microalbuminuria and Its Comparison to Fully Quantitative Radioimmunoassay
Authors: R Glenn Neuman, Luigi V Bonomini, Seth N Braunstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA [Dialbumin]) for rapid office measurement of microalbuminuria was evaluated and its performance compared with that of a commercially available radioimmunoassay (double-antibody albumin). Urine samples containing between 0.75 and 1800 μg/ml of albumin were obtained from 31 diabetic patients and assayed by both methods. A comparison of the paired values obtained from the two methods gave a correlation coefficient of &amp;gt;0.99. The Dialbumin assay, which used detachable eight-well strips (1 strip/sample), 10-min incubation, tap water wash, and a 2-min color development step, was read on both an ELISA reader and a hand-held analytical device (Acc-U-Dial) designed specifically for this test. The findings of this study indicate that the Dialbumin assay, usedin conjunction with the Acc-U-Dial device, affords a rapid, convenient, and sensitive method for quantitative determination of a broad range (0.3–1280 μg/ml) of urinary albumin levels in the office setting.
Exertional fatigue due to skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with heart failure.
Authors: J R Wilson, D M Mancini, W B Dunkman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Exertional fatigue in patients with chronic heart failure is usually attributed to skeletal muscle underperfusion. Recently, skeletal muscle atrophy, abnormal muscle metabolic responses, and reduced muscle enzyme levels have been noted in such patients, raising the possibility that some patients may develop muscle fatigue due to intrinsic muscle abnormalities. The present study was undertaken to determine if a subpopulation of patients with heart failure develops exertional fatigue due to skeletal muscle dysfunction rather than to reduced muscle flow. METHODS AND RESULTS All exercise hemodynamic studies performed in our laboratory on patients with heart failure were reviewed to identify those who exhibited peak exercise VO2 levels &lt; or = 18 ml.min-1 x kg-1 due to leg fatigue and who underwent insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter and leg blood flow catheter. Thirty-four patients were identified. Six normal subjects were also studied to define normal leg flow and femoral venous lactate responses to exercise. Patients with peak exercise leg flow levels within the normal mean flow level +/- 2 SEM were considered to have normal skeletal muscle flow during exercise. Nine of the 34 patients with heart failure were found to have normal leg blood flow during exercise. All of these patients terminated exercise due to leg fatigue, and all exhibited abnormal increases in femoral venous lactate concentrations (slope of work load versus femoral venous lactate: normal, 0.33 +/- 0.07 mg/W; heart failure with normal flow, 0.81 +/- 0.08 mg/W; p &lt; 0.002). There was no significant difference between patients with normal leg flows and those with reduced flow in age, ejection fraction, and resting hemodynamic measurements. However, patients with normal flows exhibited more normal cardiac output responses to exercise and tended to have higher peak exercise VO2 (14.1 +/- 0.9 versus 11.5 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1 x kg-1, p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A substantial percentage of patients with chronic heart failure develop exertional fatigue due to skeletal muscle dysfunction rather than to reduced skeletal muscle blood flow. In such patients, therapeutic interventions probably should be directed at improving the skeletal muscle abnormalities rather than at improving skeletal muscle flow.
The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II pilot study: Tissue plasminogen activator followed by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Eugene Passamani, Morrison Hodges, Michael Herman, Richard Grose, Bernard Chaitman, William Rogers, Sandra Forman, Michael Terrin, Genell Knatterud, Thomas Robertson, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Reviews in Medical Virology
Authors: Trudy A. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Virology is a rapidly expanding field that covers many diverse and often very technical aspects. The discipline virtually requires review articles to explain and put into perspective new discoveries. Although one can find review articles relevant to virology in many different journals,<i>Reviews in Medical Virology</i>is the only review journal devoted to this field and fills the niche very well by focusing on topics often lost in general microbiology review journals. The journal's aim is to "review the conceptual or technological advances in... molecular biology, cell biology, replication, pathogenesis, immunology, immunization, epidemiology, diagnosis or treatment of viruses of medical importance." When compared in size with standard virology journals,<i>Reviews in Medical Virology</i>is not overwhelming. It averages 59 pages per issue, with six articles. This is a fraction of the length of the<i>Journal of Virology</i>, for example, which had 623 pages and 73 articles in its
Identification of robust, clinically relevant phenotypes of breast cancer from genome scale molecular profiling.
Authors: AC Eklund, L Qiyuan, N Juul, AL Richardson, Z Szallasi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2036 Genome scale analysis by microarrays or array CGH holds the promise to identify novel subclasses of breast cancer or characterize functional modules of clinical relevance in a robust fashion. However, the success of these endeavors is highly dependent on several factors such as the general noise structure and noise level of high throughput measurements or the strength of association between biomarkers/gene modules and clinical outcome. We will address two issues deeply rooted in the high throughput nature of genome scale profiling, which are relevant for the accurate analysis of clinical microarray data sets: systematic bias in clinical microarray data and establishing strategies that allow extracting robust, convergent information/classification from genome scale molecular profiling of breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; As will be demonstrated, clinical microarray data are burdened with a high level of systematic bias. We identified sources of technical bias affecting many genes in concert, thus causing spurious correlations in clinical data sets and false associations between genes and clinical variables. A method will be presented to correct for technical bias in clinical microarray data, which increased concordance with known biological relationships in multiple data sets.&amp;#x2028; Gene expression profiling based classification of breast cancer and prognostic or clinical response associated gene expression signatures are usually derived from a single data set. However, any result extracted from a single data set will reflect to a large extent the technical (which genes are measured reliably on the microarray) and biological (such as cohort selection) bias of the given cohort. An alternative approach uses multiple, in this case 5 different, analogous clinical data sets and determines the robust, convergent information emerging from the cross data-set analysis. We will present such a method, which will reduce the impact of data set specific bias and outline robust functional modules in breast cancer, ultimately leading to the reevaluation of gene expression profiling based subtyping and diagnostic gene expression signatures in breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Finally, we will present evidence for the existence of at least two fundamentally different types of genome instability in breast cancer with direct implications for response to chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2036.
A Prominent Porta Hepatis Resulting in a Rim Sign Appearance on Cholescintigraphy
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, B J MILLS, CALIXTO PULMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Invagination of fat into the porta hepatis, resulting in a rounded photon-deficient area surrounded by a rim of radioactivity in the left medial hepatic lobe, was shown on a cholescintigram. The hepatic bile duct adjacent to the prominent porta hepatis containing invaginated fat, as shown on CT of the liver, contributed to a rim of radioactivity. To avoid interpretation of a “rim” sign caused by either an inflammed gallbladder or an abscess, ultrasonographic correlation and possibly CT correlation should be considered, particularly in a case like this where the rim location is atypical.
The National Nutrition Survey
Authors: ARNOLD E. SCHAEFER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 May 1968The National Nutrition SurveyARNOLD E. SCHAEFER, PH.D.ARNOLD E. SCHAEFER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1130 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe Congress of the United States in the Public Health Service Act Amendment for 1967 (Partnership for Health Bill) charged the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to make a comprehensive survey of the prevalence and location of serious hunger and malnutrition, and the health problems incident thereto, in the United States and to report findings and recommendations for dealing with these conditions to Congress. This congressional authorization instructed the Department and those involved in the survey to "work closely with local medical authorities, schools of medicine and public health, appropriatefoundations and other relevant private and public... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ARNOLD E. SCHAEFER, PH.D.Affiliations: National Center for Chronic Disease Control BDPEC NBOC 1, Room 112 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Md. 20014 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5 Page: 1130-1131 Keywords Health surveys Malnutrition Medical services Nutrition Prevention, policy, and public health Risk management ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
A System of Scientific Medicine: Philanthropic Foundations in the Flexner Era
Authors: Martin Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Howard Berliner's<i>A System of Scientific Medicine: Philanthropic Foundations in the Flexner Era</i>is a book that should not be reviewed without being placed in its proper perspective. Since the 1970s, a number of books have substantially increased our knowledge and understanding of the history of medical education and of the relationship between the reform of medical education, the development of medical science, and the role of philanthropic foundations. The historian is well aware that "history" is not at all a science, although like a science new studies build on the earlier ones. Different historians using the same sources, however, often come to different conclusions. Early works, such as this reviewer's<i>American Medical Education: Formative Years, 1765-1910</i>, described medical education before the Flexner report, and the role of the 1910 report to "reform" American medical education. In 1979, E. Richard Brown published a controversial study from a Marxist perspective,<i>Rockefeller</i>
Visceral dissemination of herpes zoster with multiple ulcers in the upper gastrointestinal tract of an apparently immunocompetent patient
Authors: E. Krones, W. Petritsch, T. Valentin, F. Durchschein, G. Gorkiewicz
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Visceral dissemination of varicella zoster virus (VZV) may follow cutaneous infection in immunocompromized patients (e. g. bone marrow transplant recipients) [1]. However, involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract is rare [1] [2] [3] [4].
Refusal of Care by Patients—Reply
Authors: Joseph Carrese
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Who is speaking for children and adolescents and for their health at the policy level?
Authors: A. Aynsley-Green
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Personal view p 249 

The Bristol inquiry has put children at the heart of the public's agenda on health. This contrasts with the seemingly low position of children on the Westminster government's own health agenda. This status is exemplified by the current consultation exercise to draw up a national plan for health. Although this, together with the increase in funding for the NHS, is welcome, paediatricians are dismayed at the inadequate voice for children and adolescents in the modernisation action teams that are taking forward the definition of the plan.1 Only one registered children's nurse and a health visitor have been appointed to be custodians of the interests of all children and young people. This reinforces a widely held perception by children's doctors and nurses that the government is not committed to ensure that the interests of children and adolescents—whose needs are different from those of adults—are spoken for as a client group in the health service. We argue that there is an urgent need for children and adolescents to be explicitly represented at all levels of health policy. Furthermore, measures need to be implemented to deliver not only a coherent strategy for children's health in England, but also more effective responsibility for integrating service delivery at the local level.

#### Summary points

Children and young people are a nation's most precious resource, and their health is vital for the future success of our society

Despite this, improving the health of English children is not a key government target

Children are not young adults: their special health needs should be acknowledged

A strategy needs to be defined for children and young people, with responsibility allocated for integrating care within the health service and between sectors

It needs to be recognised that children have fundamental human rights for which protection is needed

These …
Endoscopic Visualization of Bile Flow Using Indocyanine Green
Authors: L. Sáfrány
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Following the intravenous injection of indocyanine green the expulsion of stained bile into the intestine can be readily visualized endoscopically. This method may be useful in detecting concealed biliodigestive anastomoses; also, it is an adjunct in procedures aimed at the selective catheterization of the bile duct in patients with atypical or double orifice of the Vater's papilla.
It's never been a better time to die
Authors: T. Bullamore
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A look at the changing art of obituary writing 

For people hoping for posthumous recognition, there has never been a better time to die.

For a start it's summertime, the season when obituary copy traditionally runs dry. More importantly, obituaries are enjoying the type of popularity once reserved for England's cricketers, the London broad-sheets are devoting more space to recognising the recently departed, and there is even an International Association of Obituarists, which holds an annual conference to explore developments in the field.

You may think this is taking the business of dying a bit too seriously. But the world, it seems, is full of secret obituary readers who are gradually coming out of their closets. Mention at any dinner party that you are an obituary writer and someone always admits to turning to the obituary page first. And they are, er, dying for more.

It's not just the dry bones (excuse the pun) of a life lived that …
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade prevents neutrophil CD18 receptor upregulation and attenuates acute lung injury in porcine sepsis without inhibition of neutrophil oxygen radical generation.
Authors: A C Windsor, C J Walsh, P G Mullen, D J Cook, B J Fisher, C R Blocher, S K Leeper-Woodford, H J Sugerman, A A Fowler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), both by direct action and by trafficking cells of the immune system, is implicated in cardiopulmonary derangements and PMN-mediated microvascular injury associated with gram-negative sepsis. We examined the effects of pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody to TNF alpha on PMN function, hemodynamic derangements, and alveolar capillary membrane damage in a septic porcine model. Anti-TNF alpha profoundly improved hemodynamic consequences in this model. Reduction in PMN CD11/18 receptor expression, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and attenuation of peripheral neutropenia (all P < 0.05) indicate that pretreatment significantly reduced lung sequestration of PMNs seen in septic controls. In contrast, PMN oxygen radical (O2-) generation was not significantly different from unprotected septic animals. Despite the presence of circulating PMNs primed for O2- burst, alveolar capillary membrane damage, assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and arterial PO2 was markedly attenuated in the treatment group (P < 0.05). We conclude that anti-TNF alpha suppresses systemic hemodynamic actions of TNF alpha. Further, it prevents upregulation of PMN adhesion receptors inhibiting PMN/endothelial cell interaction. This prevents formation of a "microenvironment," protected from circulating oxidant scavengers, into which sepsis-activated PMNs release their toxic products. Pretreatment with anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody thus affords global protection in porcine Gram-negative sepsis.