tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Switch to Fingolimod or Interferon Beta/Glatiramer Acetate in Active Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Anna He, Tim Spelman, Vilija Jokubaitis, Eva Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Maria Trojano, Alessandra Lugaresi, Guillermo Izquierdo, Pierre Grammond, Pierre Duquette, Marc Girard, Eugenio Pucci, Gerardo Iuliano, Raed Alroughani, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Ricardo Fernandez-Bolaños, Francois Grand’Maison, Patrizia Sola, Daniele Spitaleri, Franco Granella, Murat Terzi, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Vincent Van Pesch, Raymond Hupperts, José Luis Sánchez-Menoyo, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Csilla Rozsa, Freek Verheul, Helmut Butzkueven, Tomas Kalincik
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

After multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse while a patient is receiving an injectable disease-modifying drug, many physicians advocate therapy switch, but the relative effectiveness of different switch decisions is often uncertain.To compare the effect of the oral immunomodulator fingolimod with that of all injectable immunomodulators (interferons or glatiramer acetate) on relapse rate, disability, and treatment persistence in patients with active MS.Matched retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from MSBase, an international, observational cohort study. The MSBase cohort represents a population of patients with MS monitored at large MS centers. The analyzed data were collected between July 1996 and April 2014. Participants included patients with relapsing-remitting MS who were switching therapy to fingolimod or injectable immunomodulators up to 12 months after on-treatment clinical disease activity (relapse or progression of disability), matched on demographic and clinical variables. Median follow-up duration was 13.1 months (range, 3-80). Indication and attrition bias were controlled with propensity score matching and pairwise censoring, respectively. Head-to-head analyses of relapse and disability outcomes used paired, weighted, negative binomial models or frailty proportional hazards models adjusted for magnetic resonance imaging variables. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.Patients had received fingolimod, interferon beta, or glatiramer acetate for a minimum of 3 months following a switch of immunomodulatory therapy.Annualized relapse rate and proportion of relapse-free patients, as well as the proportion of patients without sustained disability progression.Overall, 379 patients in the injectable group were matched to 148 patients in the fingolimod group. The fingolimod group had a lower mean annualized relapse rate (0.31 vs 0.42; 95% CI, 0.02-0.19; P=.009), lower hazard of first on-treatment relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98; P=.04), lower hazard of disability progression (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31-0.91; P=.02), higher rate of disability regression (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3; P=.005), and lower hazard of treatment discontinuation (HR, 0.55; P=.04) compared with the injectable group.Switching from injectable immunomodulators to fingolimod is associated with fewer relapses, more favorable disability outcomes, and greater treatment persistence compared with switching to another injectable preparation following on-treatment activity of MS.
Sudden Death in a Woman With Unsuspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Authors: Dominick J. Di Maio
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is usually thought of as a chronic relapsing disease. Sudden and unexpected death occurred in a 22-year-old woman with this condition. Only one similar case in an adult was found in the literature. Six cases of fulminant idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis were also found but were not accepted as sudden and unexpected deaths by the authors. Our case together with the others offers further evidence that the course of the disease may follow no typical pattern.
Surgeon Volume vs Hospital Volume: Which Matters More?
Authors: Edward R. Teitel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to make several comments about the article by Hannan et al.<sup>1</sup>Of note was the conclusion that high-volume physicians have better outcomes than low-volume physicians. The statistical analyses are complex, and simple conclusions drawn from complicated statistics are risky. The final paragraph discusses whether high volumes are caused by referrals to hospitals and physicians with good outcomes and reputations. The authors call this the selective referral hypothesis: whether hospitals and physicians with good outcomes have learned to be proficient by performing high volumes of surgeries, the "practice makes perfect" hypothesis. This is a gross oversimplification and implies we have proved the point and that it must be one of these two reasons. Unfortunately, there are many variables that were not looked at. I would like to raise a few of these. One should ask if all of the low-volume operators are fully trained
Only a sixth of animal bite victims in India get antirabies treatment
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India has the world’s highest incidence of rabies and 20 000 of the 55 000 deaths from rabies each year. An estimated 17.4 million animal bites occur in India every year, but 95% are from dogs, of which the country has some 25 million.1

Only three million bite victims receive appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), including wound cleansing, vaccination, and administration of immunoglobulin if needed.2 Death from rabies, which is endemic across the nation, can be averted with timely PEP.

During its …
Intra-Uterine Death
Authors: Ladislao J. Prazak
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to comment on Dr. Greenhill's reply concerning the article on intra-uterine death, which appeared in the "Questions and Answers" section of the Sept 15 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181</b>:1021). I have had an excellent experience with transabdominal amniotic puncture and the filling of the amniotic sac with about 200 ml of sterile 20% saline solution. The procedure is simple, can be done under a local anesthetic (or even without an anesthetic), and produces a spontaneous delivery in 16 to 24 hr. The delivery itself is easy because of the small size of the fetus, no retention of placenta, and no excessive bleeding. I had eight cases of missed immature deliveries, and all eight of them responded promptly and without complications. The method has been described recently by Jaffin; Kerenyi; and Wood:<i>Amer J Obstet Gynec</i>, vol 84, Sept 1,1962. This letter was referred to
THE EFFECT OF ANTISERUM AGAINST THE SOLUBLE TOXIC SUBSTANCE OF BACILLUS COLI IN BACILLUS COLI PERITONITIS
Authors: Bernhard Steinberg, E. E. Ecker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

When colon bacilli in sufficient numbers were injected into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits the animals died within a few hours. There was an incubation period of 1 to 1½ hours which was followed by a set of symptoms that culminated in death. The peritoneum, however, showed only very slight changes. It was thought that the soluble toxic substance of B. coli which was demonstrated by Aronovitch, Zinsser, and Branham may be an important lethal factor. Young cultures of B. coli in broth were centrifugalized and after killing the remaining bacteria by heat the supernatant fluid was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. There ensued the same set of symptoms terminating in death which were seen on the injection of the whole culture when the supernatant fluid alone was given. The potency of the toxic substance is variable. This variability is probably in part inherent in the material and in part depends upon the individual resistance of the animals. Rabbits were injected intravenously with the supernatant fluid of centrifugalized young cultures of B. coli and an antiserum was elaborated against the soluble toxic substance of this organism. When this antiserum was given intravenously to rabbits immediately or ½ hour after receiving intraperitoneally five times the usual lethal dose of B. coli, ten out of twelve animals survived.
The Use of Sestamibi Imaging in Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Authors: KRISTEN L. FERNANDEZ, PAUL TURER, ETHAN J. SPIEGLER, JOHN A. SINGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

The authors describe a 42-year-old man with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was indicated because of persistent hypercalcemia and an increasing parathyroid hormone level despite medical management. A parathyroid sestamibi scan was performed immediately before operation and a gamma-detecting probe was used during operation. Six parathyroid glands weighing nearly 21 g were present. Without the use of the gamma-detecting probe during operation, one of the glands would have been missed. The efficacy of sestamibi scanning with parathyroid hyperplasia is discussed.
THE FORM AND FUNCTION OF SYNOVIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURES
Authors: Ernst Vaubel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. Synovial cultures are differentiated in tissue cultures from other tissues of mesenchymal origin by their type of growth and cell function. 2. In these respects they are more closely allied to chondroblasts and osteoblasts than to fibroblasts. 3. Synovial cells in tissue cultures develop marked globular cytoplasmic granulations that stain easily with neutral red and sometimes with toluidine blue; they show marked polymorphism with all transitions from round to spindle, polygonal and star shapes and eventually form an epithelial-like membrane, composed of cells with numerous syncytial bridges. 4. In cultures of typically growing synovial cells a mucin-like substance is elaborated. Typical growth and maximal mucin production is best maintained in media containing a minimum of growth-stimulating substances. Transformation of synovial cell growths into fibroblastic growth is accompanied by a loss of mucin production. Dying cells apparently do not produce mucin. 5. Amitotic cell division and the formation of macrophage-like cells were observed. 6. Marked tendency to liquefaction of the plasma about the growths was observed and attributed to the elaboration of a proteolytic ferment. 7. The specific designation "synovioblasts" is proposed for these cells.
More patients are surviving major trauma since reform of services
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The introduction of regional trauma networks in England two years ago has led to a 30% improved chance of patients surviving severe injuries, an audit has found. Regional trauma networks were introduced in April 2012 to enable the rapid and safe transfer of patients to 25 major trauma centres in England.

The audit, commissioned by NHS England and carried out by the Trauma Audit and Research …
Research output on primary care in Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States: bibliometric analysis
Authors: J. Glanville, T. Kendrick, R. McNally, J. Campbell, F. R. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the volume and quality of original research in primary care published by researchers from primary care in the United Kingdom against five countries with well established academic primary care. <b>Design</b> Bibliometric analysis. <b>Setting</b> United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, and the Netherlands. <b>Studies reviewed</b> Research publications relevant to comprehensive primary care and authored by researchers from primary care, recorded in Medline and Embase, with publication dates 2001-7 inclusive. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Volume of published activity of generalist primary care researchers and the quality of the research output by those publishing the most using citation metrics: numbers of cited papers, proportion of cited papers, and mean citation scores. <b>Results</b> 82 169 papers published between 2001 and 2007 in the six countries were classified as research on primary care. In a 15% pragmatic random sample of these records, 40% of research on primary care from the United Kingdom and 46% from the Netherlands was authored by researchers employed in a primary care setting or employed in academic departments of primary care. The 141 researchers with the highest volume of publications reporting research findings published between 2001 and 2007 (inclusive) authored or part authored 8.3% of the total sample of papers. For authors with the highest proportion of publications cited at least five times, the best performers came from the United States (n=5), United Kingdom (n=4), and the Netherlands (n=2). In the top 10 of authors with the highest proportions of publications achieving 20 or more citations, six were from the United Kingdom and four from the United States. The mean Hirsch index (measure of a researcher's productivity and impact of the published work) was 14 for the Netherlands, 13 for the United Kingdom, 12 for the United States, 7 for Canada, 4 for Australia, and 3 for Germany. <b>Conclusion</b> This international comparison of the volume and citation rates of papers by researchers from primary care consistently placed UK researchers among the best performers internationally.
Endothelial progenitor cell–dependent angiogenesis requires localization of the full-length form of uPAR in caveolae
Authors: Francesca Margheri, Anastasia Chillà, Anna Laurenzana, Simona Serratì, Benedetta Mazzanti, Riccardo Saccardi, Michela Santosuosso, Giovanna Danza, Niccolò Sturli, Fabiana Rosati, Lucia Magnelli, Laura Papucci, Lido Calorini, Francesca Bianchini, Mario Del Rosso, Gabriella Fibbi
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE MOUSE INFECTIVITY TITRATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Max A. Lauffer, Gail Lorenz Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

A study has been made to establish the statistical significance of results obtained in mouse infectivity titrations of influenza virus. Five titrations, each composed of five replicas, were carried out and 50 per cent end points were calculated for each titration. Three criteria for evaluating the end points were employed, namely, the presence or absence of pulmonary lesions, the occurrence of death, and a weighted composite taking into account both the extent of lung consolidation and the occurrence of death. Standard deviations of the distribution of end points obtained by each method were computed, and from these data levels of probabilities for significance in the differences between end points were determined. It was found that the chances are 19 out of 20 that differences of 0.99, 0.77, and 0.73 logarithmic units, respectively, for the lesion, the death, and the weighted end points are significant.
The cause of acantholysis in pemphigus: further support for the ‘basal cell shrinkage’ hypothesis
Authors: J.-C. Bystryn, S. Grando
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The article ‘The ultrastructure of acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris’ by Drs Diercks, Pas and Jonkman1 confirms prior electron microscopic observations made by multiple investigators in patients with pemphigus2 3–4 and in in vitro and in vivo models of pemphigus acantholysis.5 6–7 These and the article by Diercks et al.1 show that the initial event in pemphigus acantholysis is the separation of keratinocytes from each other at sites where there are no desmosomes. Desmosomes do not separate from each other until very late in acantholysis, if at all. Often, desmosomes continue to stick so tightly to each other that they are ripped off from acantholytic keratinocytes without coming apart. We have previously summarized these and other observations and their implications.8, 9 They lead to two important conclusions: (i) acantholysis in pemphigus is not caused by loss of desmosomal adhesion due to autoantibodies blocking the adhesive properties of desmogleins; and (ii) rather, they suggest acantholysis occurs because the cytoskeleton of keratinocytes is disrupted causing these cells to collapse and to shrink more than desmosomes can hold them together. We call this the ‘basal cell shrinkage hypothesis’.8 Recently published experimental results have further substantiated this hypothesis.10 We are pleased the observations of Diercks et al.1 provide further support for it.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?-Reply
Authors: J. Ch. Dodds
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —Those doctors at Washington who have endeavored to transferThe Journal, had better come to Chicago; they will find much to their own advantage. At least the good ofThe Journaland Association can be best served at the geographical centre, Chicago. Decidedly no! Do not removeThe Journalto Washington. " Do not put it under a bushel."
Properties of purified T cell subsets. I. In vitro responses to class I vs. class II H-2 alloantigens.
Authors: J Sprent, M Schaefer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

In light of the widely accepted view that Ia-restricted L3T4+ T helper cells play a decisive role in controlling the differentiation of Lyt-2+ cells, experiments were designed to examine whether Lyt-2+ cells can respond to antigen in the absence of L3T4+ cells. The results showed that highly purified Lyt-2+ cells gave high primary mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to various class I differences, including both mutant and allelic differences; responses to class II (Ia) differences were generally undetectable with Lyt-2+ cells. The intensity of MLR to class I differences was not affected by addition of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the cultures or by removing T cells from the stimulator populations. Negative selection experiments showed that Lyt-2+ cells could respond to class I differences across Ia barriers. MLR of purified Lyt-2+ cells peaked on days 3-4 and then fell sharply; background responses with syngeneic stimulators (auto-MLR) were virtually absent. Parallel experiments with purified L3T4+ cells showed that this subset responded in MLR only to class II (Ia) and not class I differences, reached peak responses only on day 6 rather than days 3-4, and often gave high auto-MLR. Within the first 3-4 d of culture, MLR were generally higher with Lyt-2+ cells than L3T4+ cells. Although no evidence could be found that Ia-restricted L3T4+ cells were required for the response of Lyt-2+ cells, presentation of antigen by Ia+ cells appeared to be essential. Thus, responses were ablated by pretreating stimulator cells with anti-Ia mAb plus C'. Significantly the failure of Lyt-2+ cells to respond to anti-Ia plus C'-treated stimulators could not be restored by adding syngeneic spleen cells; addition of IL-2 led to only a minor (15%) restoration of the response. It is suggested that Ia+ cells provide an obligatory second signal required by Lyt-2+ cells.
Syphilis and Homosexuality in a Mental Hospital
Authors: Milo Tyndel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. W. A. Ketterer's Special Communication on venereal disease and homosexuality (<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:811 [June 1] 1964) brought to mind an epidemic of primary and secondary syphilis among male patients in a chronic ward of a European mental hospital which I observed in 1940. The central figure in the homosexual activities was a teenage boy suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's disease. This is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome ( also called tic de guinon, maladie des tics impulsifs, myospasia impulsiva, or multiple tics with coprolalia), consisting of spasms of the muscles of the face, neck, and extremities, associated with incomprehensible sounds and obscene utterances. Because of overcrowding, homosexual activities were not easily detected and cut off, and the infection spread to a considerable number of patients. This incident may be of some interest in that it draws attention to the occurrence of homosexual activities in crowded mental hospital
(58) Pemphigus foliaceus and response to cyclosporin
Authors: W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (58) Pemphigus foliaceus and response to cyclosporin Get access W.J. Cunliffe W.J. Cunliffe The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 114–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12098.x Published: 01 June 1987
Natural killer cell activity in Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: stimulation with interferons and interleukin-2 and correlation with immune complexes.
Authors: N.J Struyf, H.W Snoeck, C.H Bridts, L.S De Clerck, W.J Stevens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Natural killer (NK) cell activity and its stimulation by interferons (IFNs) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are diminished in Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum samples of these patients often contain circulating immune complexes, which may influence NK cell activity. Sixteen patients with Sjögren's syndrome (14/16 immune complex positive), 14 with SLE (9/14 immune complex positive), and 11 controls (immune complex negative) were studied. Mononuclear cells collected from a Percoll gradient were preincubated with recombinant IFN-alpha (rIFN-alpha) (100 U/ml), rIFN-gamma (1000 U/ml), rIL-2 (100 U/ml), or without cytokine. Natural killer cell activity was determined by incubating the mononuclear cells with carboxyfluorescein labelled K562 cells, and the percentage decrease of fluorescence was measured on an FACS Analyzer. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome and SLE NK cell activity and the numbers of cells expressing the NK cell associated antigens CD16 and Leu7 were diminished compared with the controls. Interleukin-2 stimulated NK cell activity significantly in comparison with the non-stimulated value in all studied groups, whereas IFN-gamma only stimulated NK cell activity in both patient groups and IFN-alpha only in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. There was no correlation between NK cell activity, with or without stimulation, and the immune complex concentrations. It is concluded that NK cell activity is decreased in Sjögren's syndrome and SLE and that it may be partially restored by IL-2 and IFN-gamma in both diseases, and by IFN-alpha in Sjögren's syndrome. The decrease of NK cell activity did not correlate with immune complex concentrations; on the other hand, decreased numbers of NK cells (CD16+ or Leu7+) and of cytokine concentrations might be important in the impaired NK cell activity in both diseases.