tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to particulate-induced lung injury.
Authors: S Zhu, M Manuel, S Tanaka, N Choe, E Kagan, S Matalon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Recently, a second pathway for the generation of potential oxidants with the reactivity of the hydroxyl radical without the need for metal catalysis has been described. In response to various inflammatory stimuli, lung endothelial, alveolar, and airway epithelial cells, as well as activated alveolar macrophages, produce both nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide anion radicals (O2.-). .NO regulates pulmonary vascular and airway tone and plays an important role in lung host defense against various bacteria. However, .NO may be cytotoxic by inhibiting critical enzymes such as mitochondrial aconitase and ribonucleotide reductase, by S-nitrosolation of thiol groups, or by binding to their iron-sulfur centers. In addition, .NO reacts with O2.- at a near diffusion-limited rate to form the strong oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which can nitrate and oxidize key amino acids in various lung proteins such as surfactant protein A, and inhibit their functions. The presence of ONOO- in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome has been demonstrated by measuring levels of nitrotyrosine, the stable product of tyrosine nitration. Various studies have shown that inhalation or intratracheal instillation of various respirable mineral dusts or asbestos fibers increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. In this presentation, we review the evidence for the upregulation of .NO in the lungs of animals exposed to mineral particulates and assess the contribution of reactive nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of the resultant lung injury.
Progressive Massive Fibrosis Secondary to Pulmonary Silicosis Appearance on F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT
Authors: Martin OʼConnell, Marcus Kennedy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Despite adequate protective equipment, chronic exposure to free silica results in nodular lung fibrosis. Fibrosis may be progressive in the absence of further exposure, with coalescence and formation of nonsegmental conglomerates of irregular collagen containing masses characteristic of progressive massive fibrosis. Such patients have a marked increased risk of tuberculosis or atypical mycobacterial infection. Limited data on the PET appearance of pneumoconiosis has been reported. Whereas PET imaging may be useful in distinguishing benign from malignant disease in asbestos related pleural disorders, its role in the diagnosis of malignancy in the setting of pneumoconiosis with possible superimposed granulomatous infection remains unclear. PET imaging has been used to evaluate chronic inflammatory lung conditions, but usually in the setting of granulomatous processes such as sarcoidosis or mycobacterial infection.
Intraperitoneal Insulin Absorption After Lona-Term Intraperitoneal Insulin Therapy
Authors: Marina Scavini, Angela Pincelli, Giovanna Petrella, Gabriella Galimberti, Philip G Zager, Michiela Torri, Guido Pozza
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate insulin absorption through the peritoneal membrane after long-term intraperitoneal insulin therapy using an implanted programmable device. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seven insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients implanted with a programmable pump were studied after 3 and 30 months of intraperitoneal insulin therapy. A 20-min square wave infusion of 15 IU of insulin was administered in the peritoneal space, and plasma glucose and plasma free insulin levels were monitored for 180 min. Hypoglycernia was prevented by intravenous glucose infusion. RESULTS After 30 months of intraperitoneal insulin therapy, plasma free insulin profiles following the administration of insulin in the peritoneal space were similar to those observed at the beginning of this mode of therapy. CONCLUSIONS In IDDM patients, intraperitoneal insulin absorption does not change after long-term intraperitoneal insulin therapy using an implanted device.
Amphotericin B Toxicity
Authors: RAYMOND P. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A follow-up evaluation was done on 53 patients treated with amphotericin B. These data show that an increase in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) during therapy may not be a valid reason to discontinue this therapy. Advanced age of the patient is a factor that increases the probability for the development of permanent impairment of renal function. The data further indicate that impairment of renal function, both acute and permanent, is not a doserelated phenomenon. Instead, it is an individualized and as yet an unpredictable response. The creatinine clearance during therapy may be reduced by as much as 78% of the pretreatment values and still return to the pretreatment value within 1 to 2 months after the completion of therapy.
Making Mice: Standardizing Animals for American Biomedical Research, 1900-1955
Authors: M. A. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Physician Reads the Body
Authors: Joseph Geskey
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OVERUSE AND TRAUMATIC MUSCULOSKELETAL EXTREMITY INJURIES IN SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: E Jespersen, R Holst, C Franz, C Rexen, H Klakk, N Wedderkopp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Injuries sustained in sports and leisure time has been established as a leading cause of the paediatric injury burden in western countries. Injuries reported are mostly traumatic, but there is a growing concern about overuse injuries in children. Objective The objectives of this prospective cohort study were to report the incidence, prevalence and duration of traumatic and overuse injuries during a period of 2.5 years and to estimate the injury incidence rates. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting 10 public schools in the municipality of Svendborg, Denmark. Participants A total of 1 259 school children aged 6–12 years participating in the Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark. Risk factor assessment School children were surveyed each week during a period of 2.5 years. Injuries were reported by parents answering mobile phone text questions on a weekly basis (response rate 96.2%) and prospectively diagnosed by clinicians. Physical activity was measured from text messaging and accelerometer assessments. Main outcome measurements Overuse and traumatic musculoskeletal extremity injuries. Results A total number of 1229 injuries were diagnosed with a weekly mean injury incidence and prevalence being 1.2% and 4.6% respectively. Twice as many overuse as traumatic extremity injuries were diagnosed with mean injury durations being 5.3 and 4.4 weeks respectively. Overuse injury incidence rate was 1.03 injuries per 1000 physical activity units (95% CI 0.95–1.10). Traumatic incidence rate was 0.56 injuries per 1000 physical activity units (95% CI 0.51–0.61). Conclusions This study has added a wider perspective to the area concerning musculoskeletal extremity injuries in school children by including overuse injuries. The understanding of injury epidemiology in children is fundamental to acknowledge and ensure the appropriate prevention and treatment in relation to the growing and physically active child.
Reimbursement for In Vitro Allergy Tests
Authors: Jean Bousquet
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great interest the Medical News &amp; Perspectives article<sup>1</sup>concerning reimbursement for in vitro laboratory tests for the diagnosis of allergy. Dr Russell I. Williams, Jr, presidentelect of the American In Vitro Allergy and Immunology Society, stated that "this test is reasonable, the cost-benefit ratio is reasonable." Later, he indicated that "it is actually in the Blues' [Blue Cross/Blue Shield] best interest to pay for in vitro tests because fewer patients with false-positive test results are given unnecessary immunotherapy." There is no doubt that IgE tests have significantly improved the diagnosis of immediate-type allergic diseases and have made many, if not a large proportion, of the provocative challenges obsolete. However, they do not solve all the problems of the diagnosis of allergy, and different tests can be used. Allergists favor skin tests, which appear to be more precise than in vitro tests, and they
A Meta-analysis of the Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Karen K. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To quantify the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on breast cancer risk, we combined dose-response slopes of the relative risk of breast cancer against the duration of estrogen use across 16 studies. Using this summary dose-response slope, we calculated the proportional increase in risk of breast cancer for each year of estrogen use. For women who experienced any type of menopause, risk did not appear to increase until after at least 5 years of estrogen use. After 15 years of estrogen use, we found a 30% increase in the risk of breast cancer (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 1.6). The increase in risk was largely due to results of studies that included premenopausal women or women using estradiol (with or without progestin), studies for which the estimated relative risk was 2.2 (CI, 1.4 to 3.4) after 15 years. Among women with a family history of breast cancer, those who had ever used estrogen replacement had a significantly higher risk (3.4; CI, 2.0 to 6.0) than those who had not (1.5; CI, 1.2 to 1.7). (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1985-1990)
Alison Jane Woodward
Authors: A. Dicker
Journal: BMJ (2013)

AIMS: To validate a method of assessment of low hepatic iron concentration based on a biochemical colorimetric assay plus histological scoring. METHODS: The within-day and day to day precision of the iron colorimetric assay was determined on frozen rat liver. The coefficient of variation (CV) of iron measurement in two separate samples from the same liver was determined for 21 deparaffinised human biopsies. The intra- and interlaboratory variability of the colorimetric assay and histological scoring were assessed on 38 deparaffinised liver biopsies. RESULTS: For the within-day test, the CV was 11% (5.1 (0.6) mumol/g dry weight (dw), mean (SD) iron concentration). For the day to day test, the CV was 19.5% (8.2 (1.6) mumol/g dw). The CV was 14.7% for iron concentration determined in two separate samples from the same liver. By correlation and kappa concordance tests, the intra- and interlaboratory variability of the hepatic iron colorimetric assay and iron histological scoring was slight. Absence of stainable iron corresponded to a liver iron concentration &lt; or = 20 mumol/g dw. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of two complementary methods, colorimetric measurement and histological scoring, is an accurate and reliable way of determining low iron concentrations in deparaffinised human liver biopsies. In secondary haemosiderosis, such methods would be essential for investigating the role of low iron overload in fibrogenesis and during the response to antiviral treatment in chronic viral hepatitis.
Serial Assessment of Sympathetic Reinnervation After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: Frank M. Bengel, Peter Ueberfuhr, Sibylle I. Ziegler, Stephan Nekolla, Bruno Reichart, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Little is known about the progressiveness of sympathetic reinnervation late after cardiac transplantation (HTX). The aim of the present study was to describe individual growth of sympathetic terminals after HTX by a longitudinal quantitative assessment.In 20 patients after HTX, dynamic PET with C-11 hydroxyephedrine (HED) was performed twice within 3.0+/-0.5 years. According to the time interval between HTX and first PET, subgroups of patients early (group A, <1.5 years; n=7), intermediate (group B, 1.5 to 7 years; n=7) and late (group C, >7 years; n=6) after HTX were defined. At the time of first HED PET, 10 patients were completely denervated (7 in group A, 2 in group B, and 1 in group C). Only 3 remained denervated at second PET. A significant increase of reinnervated myocardium between first and second PET was found in all 3 groups (0% to 9+/-9% of left ventricle for group A, P<0.05; 13+/-12% to 23+/-17% for group B, P<0.05; 21+/-21% to 37+/-23% for group C, P<0.05). The magnitude of increase was similar between groups. Reinnervation was first surveyed in the basal anterior region, then toward apex, septal, and lateral wall. Inferior wall remained denervated. The largest reinnervated area surveyed in an individuum was 66% of the left ventricle.The present data confirm the low likelihood of sympathetic reinnervation within 18 months after HTX. Once the reinnervation process is initiated, a continuous growth is observed even late after HTX, suggesting a progressive nature of reinnervation. Reinnervation, however, remained regionally heterogeneous, and a complete restoration was not found until 15 years after HTX.
Evaluation of mirex, photomirex and chlordecone in the terrestrial aquatic laboratory model ecosystem.
Authors: B M Francis, R L Metcalf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The insecticides mirex and chlordecone and the mirex photodegradation product, photomirex, were evaluated in a terrestrial aquatic laboratory model ecosystem. Although chlordecone was to some extent degraded during the 33 days, neither mirex nor photomirex produced identifiable levels of decomposition products in the water or in any of the organisms of the model ecosystem. All three compounds accumulated significantly in the organisms of the model ecosystem, with chlordecone the least bioaccumulative and photomirex the most bioaccumulative.
Case Report of a Fatal Serious Adverse Event Upon Administration of T Cells Transduced With a MART-1-specific T-cell Receptor
Authors: Joost H van den Berg, Raquel Gomez-Eerland, Bart van de Wiel, Lenie Hulshoff, Daan van den Broek, Adriaan Bins, Hanno L Tan, Jane V Harper, Namir J Hassan, Bent K Jakobsen, Annelies Jorritsma, Christian U Blank, Ton N M Schumacher, John B A G Haanen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Here, we describe a fatal serious adverse event observed in a patient infused with autologous T-cell receptor (TCR) transduced T cells. This TCR, originally obtained from a melanoma patient, recognizes the well-described HLA-A*0201 restricted 26-35 epitope of MART-1, and was not affinity enhanced. Patient 1 with metastatic melanoma experienced a cerebral hemorrhage, epileptic seizures, and a witnessed cardiac arrest 6 days after cell infusion. Three days later, the patient died from multiple organ failure and irreversible neurologic damage. After T-cell infusion, levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin increased to extreme levels, indicative of a cytokine release syndrome or T-cell-mediated inflammatory response. Infused T cells could be recovered from blood, broncho-alveolar lavage, ascites, and after autopsy from tumor sites and heart tissue. High levels of NT-proBNP indicate semi-acute heart failure. No cross reactivity of the modified T cells toward a beating cardiomyocyte culture was observed. Together, these observations suggest that high levels of inflammatory cytokines alone or in combination with semi-acute heart failure and epileptic seizure may have contributed substantially to the occurrence of the acute and lethal event. Protocol modifications to limit the risk of T-cell activation-induced toxicity are discussed.
ABC of poisoning. Preventing absorption.
Authors: J Henry, G Volans
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Emptying the stomach For ingested poisons, treatment which is designed to prevent absorption has obvious attractions.Indeed, serious adverse effects may be prevented Criteria for considering empty ng te stomach by the prompt use oforally administered adsorbants or of measures A potentially dangerous dose of poison designed to empty the stomach.All such treatments have their limitations, has been ingested however, and it is important to use them only when appropriate.* Treatment can begin within four hours of ingestion of the poison (longer for solicylates Although these constraints may seem selfevident, they are not always and poisons which delay gastric emptying) observed.There should be no routine use of these treatments for all * Time of ingestion not known and patient poisoned patients since most will not have taken a potentially harmful is unconscious poison and many present too late to benefit.There is also evidence that the use ofthese measures does not prevent repeated attempts at self poisoning.Contraindicotions to emesis * Impaired consciousness * Poisoning by petroleum distillates * Poisoning by corrosives * Poisoning by artiemetics (relative)
Measurements of coronary velocity and reactive hyperemia in the coronary circulation of humans.
Authors: M Marcus, C Wright, D Doty, C Eastham, D Laughlin, P Krumm, C Fastenow, M Brody
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

An acceptable method for measuring phasic coronary velocity and reactive hyperemia in humans has not been available.We have developed a doppler probe which can be coupled to surface coronary vessel* at the time of cardiac surgery with a small suction cup.Phasic coronary velocity can be measured with a signal to noise ratio that exceeds 20:1.Animal studies have shown that the probe does not alter myocardial perfusion or cause tissue damage.In addition, changes in mean coronary velocity are closely related (r « 0.97) to changes in coronary flow over a wide range (15-400 ml/min).The characteristics of reactive hyperemia in the coronary circulation of dogs determined with the doppler system are similar to those obtained simultaneously with an electromagnetic flow meter.Transient occlusions of branch coronary vessels in patients with normal coronary arteries are not associated with significant changes in heart rate, left atrial, or mean arterial pressure.The characteristics of reactive hyperemia in normal vessels of 13 patients were as follows: although reactive hyperemia responses were demonstrable following 1 to 2-aecond coronary occlusions, maximal responses usually occurred with 20-second coronary occlusions; following 20 seconds of coronary occlusion, the ratio of peak to resting velocity was 5.8 ± 0.6 (mean ± SE); the ratio of repayment to debt area was 3.1 ± 0.2, and the duration of the reactive hyperemia response was 20.8 ± 0.3 seconds.These studies provide the first quantitative measurements of coronary reactive hyperemia in humans.Circ Res 49: [877][878][879][880][881][882][883][884][885][886][887][888][889][890][891] 1981 Although mean flow to the left ventricle can be assessed in patients with several techniques (Berne and Rubio, 1979;Klocke and Wittenberg, 1972), measurements of phasic coronary flow and reactive hyperemia in humans have been hampered by methodological problems.Three methods of measuring phasic coronary flow or velocity in humans have been described.Folts et al. (1979) measured phasic coronary flow by placing an electromagnetic flow meter around the proximal right coronary artery at cardiac surgery.Because this method requires surgical dissection of the coronary vessel, it has been employed infrequently.Cole and Hartley (1977) measured phasic coronary velocity with a doppler crystal mounted at the end of a catheter which could be placed in the left or right main coronary artery.This technique has not been widely used because velocity cannot be measured in branches of the coronary tree, a large bore catheter is needed, and the stimulus used to induce ischemia (injections of
Clinical research in trust hospitals: Pharmaceutical companies should indemnify trusts
Authors: J S Metters
Journal: BMJ (1993)

In deprived areas general practitioners need to work in the community with community health workers, benefits rights workers, health promotion officers, and housing officers to ameliorate the multifactorial problems caused by socioeconomic, educational, and health deprivation.Social policies aimed at a more equitable distribution of wealthby empowering deprived people through educa- tional and employment opportunities-are needed to reverse the dramatic widening of the healthwealth gap.5The message is clear.To reverse the marginalisation of disadvantaged areas additional resources must be targeted in health, education, and employment if the targets of The Health of the Nation are to have any chance of being met.Disproportionately greater resources are needed to give deprived people an average chance of health.
Hepatic encephalopathy and orotic aciduria associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver
Authors: Lennox J. Jeffers, Richard A. Dubow, Leslie Zieve, K. Rajender Reddy, Alan S. Livingstone, Sidney Neimark, Manuel Viamonte, Eugene R. Schiff
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A 40-yr-old man presented with encephalopathy and was found to have hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. A large vascular hepatic mass was defined by CT scan and angiography; laparoscopy with biopsy confirmed the absence of chronic liver disease. A definitive tissue diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made at laparotomy; the tumor was unresectable. Peripheral arterial and selective portal and hepatic venous ammonia levels were high, and this finding suggested that the encephalopathy was nitrogenous and hepatic in origin. The proposed mechanisms of the encephalopathy are generation of ammonia from tumor breakdown and portosystemic shunting, a result of partial tumor occlusion of the hepatic veins. An unusually high urinary excretion of orotic acid was found similar to that seen in hereditary orotic aciduria.