tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: E. J. Quilligan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In this multiauthored volume, the various contributors discuss different phases of surgical problems in the pregnant patient. The coverage of surgical topics in pregnancy is very complete. The book begins with a section on anesthesiology, as it should. There are chapters that discuss all of the organ systems. In addition, there are chapters covering the various types of malignancy that can occur during pregnancy, and both surgical and radiologic therapy are discussed. Finally, some of the complications of pregnancy, such as hemorrhage and injection, are considered. The authors of the chapters are in general experts in their field. The different contributions thus are an excellent expose of opinion concerning the subject. In addition—and this is one of the nicest features of the book—there are comments by the editors at the end of each chapter. These comments may discuss a particular area that the chapter author has touched on lightly or
Cerebral Strokes Associated with Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Authors: J. N. Cross, P. O. Castro, W. B. Jennett
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Thirty-one cases of ischaemic cerebral stroke occurring in association with childbirth were fully investigated. The pathological basis of non-haemorrhagic carotid territory strokes in pregnant or puerperal women proved to be similar to that in non-pregnant women of the same age group. Over 70% were due to occlusive cerebral arterial disease or ischaemic lesions unrelated to thrombosis of the intracranial venous system. Comparisons are made with some other reported series in which only a minority of the patients were investigated by angiography, but in which intracranial venous occlusion was assumed to be the primary lesion. It seems likely that many of these patients may also have suffered arterial rather than venous lesions.
A History of Britain's Hospitals and the Background to the Medical, Nursing and Allied Professions
Authors: Leyla Sanai
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Book Guild, £18.50, pp 415 ISBN 1 85776 905 8 www.bookguild.co.uk Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> H ealthcare professionals will have varying degrees of recollection of the health service of the past, depending on their age, experience, and memory, and whether or not they are wearing rose tinted spectacles. Yet although we may remark on how many aspects of the NHS have changed in the past few decades, few of us know much about the British health service of centuries past. Dr G Barry, a retired honorary consultant at London's St Thomas' Hospital, and Lesley Carruthers, a medical researcher, have set out to change that. Starting in the first century ad—the earliest time for which records are available—they meticulously work through the birth and development of medical and nursing services and hospitals, incorporating topics such as the earliest monastic hospitals and lazar houses; the growth of London's hospitals; workhouses; specialist services for women, children, and the mentally ill; and the origins of the NHS and modern … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Neonatal osteomyelitis presenting as nerve palsy.
Authors: D Isaacs, B D Bower, E R Moxon
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Neonatal osteomyelitis is rare, with an incidence of one in 5000 to one in 15000 live births.'2It may present insidiously with local swelling and immobility in an apparently healthy child or with systemic manifestations of sepsis.34Early diagnosis is vital for successful treatment and may depend on a knowledge of the insidious manner in which the disease can present.
Studies of the Epidemiology of Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: Lawrence S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This study compares the accuracy of 2 systems for reporting staphylococcal infections. Ward visits were made by a member of the committee on infections to each patient from whom a coagulasepositive staphylococcus was isolated, and a "report of infection" card system was used. Of 149 instances of staphylococcal disease developing in medical and surgical patients, only 95 (64%) were noted on the "report of infection" cards returned by the ward physicians. There were 600 patients from whom a coagulase-positive staphylococcus was isolated but only 149 actually had hospital-acquired staphylococcal disease. Infection rate data obtained using a "report of infection" card system were unreliable. The system of ward visits by a member of the committee on infections using reports from the bacteriology laboratory proved to be a more accurate detection method.
Intracellular pH vs MgATP2- concentration: relative importance as determinants of Ca2+-activated force generation of disrupted rabbit cardiac cells
Authors: S K B DONALDSON, E BOND, L SEEGER, N NILES, L BOLLES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Early decline of cardiac contractility during ischaemia and hypoxia may be related in part to lowered concentrations of MgATP2− (magnesium salt of adenosine triphosphate) limiting the ability of the contractile proteins to generate force in response to Ca2+-activation. These experiments were designed to determine the relative importance of altered pH vs MgATP2− depletion on Ca2+-activated isometric force generation of mammalian cardiac fibres. The cardiac contractile apparatus was functionally isolated by disrupting cell membranes; small bundles of rabbit left ventricular cells with disrupted sarcolemmas were prepared by homogenisation and continuous exposure to 7 mmol·litre−1 EGTA (ethyleneglycolbis-(β-amino-ethyl ether)-N-N'-tetra-acetic acid). Removal of the major barrier to diffusion into the cells allowed control and alteration of the fluid surrounding the contractile proteins. Bathing solutions approximated intracellular conditions in important constituents and concentrations while providing adequate buffering of Ca2+ (EGTA buffer), H+ (imidazole buffer) and MgATP2− (creatine phosphate, creatine phosphokinase regenerating system). The magnitude of Ca2+-activated steady-state isometric forces were determined using a photodiode transducer. At each Ca2+ concentration, self-paired comparisons of force were made for selected combinations of bathing solution pH and MgATP2− concentration. In comparison to forces at normal conditions (2 mmol·litre−1 MgATP2−, pH 7.0) maximum forces and Ca2+-sensitivity were greatly depressed by acidosis (pH 6.5) alone. Combining lowered MgATP2− concentration (0.1 or 0.03 mmol·litre1) with pH 6.5 caused no additional change in Ca2+-sensitivity and force except that maximum force at 0.03 mmol·litre1 MgATP2− was enhanced rather than depressed. Thus, within the pH and MgATP2− concentration ranges thought to be characteristic of ischaemic intracellular conditions, only acidosis caused depression of contractile protein-Ca2+-activated force generating ability.
Smoke-free workplaces would hit tobacco profits
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Tobacco multinationals would lose an estimated £310m ($575m; €450m) in sales every year if UK workplaces were smoke free, claims the BMA's chairman, James Johnson. His comments come in the foreword to a report, Smoke-free World , from the BMA's Tobacco Control Resource Centre, in which doctors' leaders from eight countries describe the success of antismoking legislation.
The Cell Surface and Malignant Transformation
Authors: R E Pollack, P V C Hough
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1974)

A malignant cell has lost many restrictions to which normal cells are subjected. For example, cell division is no longer tightly regulated by cell-cell contact or specific serum factors, serum-mediated hormonal feedback loops are broken, and cell recog­ nition of neighboring cells no longer leads to maintenance of cell position. As such differences (Table 1) between normal and malignant cells are described in ever greater detail, mechanisms to explain how the cell maintains any or all of them have remained sorely lacking. Very recently, different laboratories working on widely different biological sys­ tems have reported a series of experiments (1-7) which, taken together, begin to suggest possible mechanisms for the maintenance of the transformed state. Most of these new lines of research have directly involved experiments on the surfaces of normal and malignant cells. In this review we have attempted to make explic�t some implied connections among the results of these laboratories.' Our hope is that our admittedly premature synthesis might be predictive, and so stimulate some new critical experiments.
Long-Term Therapy with Bevacizumab in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Brian T. Brinkerhoff, David M. Poetker, Nicholas W. Choong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: Management of severe epistaxis resulting from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can be invasive, and its effect is not durable in reducing the frequency and severity of bleeding events. Several reports have shown the efficacy of bevacizumab in treating patients with HHT.1–3 We describe the long-term outcome of a patient who received multiple repeat courses of intravenous bevacizumab for severe HHT. The patient, a 62-year-old man with severe HHT-related epistaxis, required blood transfusions and intravenous iron therapy to maintain a baseline hemoglobin level ranging from 5 to 7 g per deciliter. He received four intravenous infusions of . . .
High plasma fibrinogen level is associated with poor clinical outcome in DIC patients
Authors: Hideo Wada, Yoshitaka Mori, Kazuhiro Okabayashi, Esteban C Gabazza, Fumihiko Kushiya, Masato Watanabe, Masakatsu Nishikawa, Hiroshi Shiku, Tsutomu Nobori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

We measured the plasma level of fibrinogen in 560 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and evaluated its relationship with outcome and with other hemostatic markers. Forty-seven percent of patients had >200 mg/dL of plasma fibrinogen and 24% had <100 mg/dl of plasma fibrinogen, suggesting that plasma fibrinogen level is not a sensitive marker for DIC. In our analysis of outcome and plasma fibrinogen levels, the rate of death was high in leukemia/lymphoma patients with high fibrinogen concentration, but no significant difference in outcome was observed in relation to plasma fibrinogen concentration in non-leukemia/lymphoma patients with DIC. Among patients with leukemia/lymphoma, the frequency of organ failure was markedly high in patients with high plasma levels of fibrinogen. Among patients without leukemia/lymphoma, the frequency of organ failure increased concomitantly with the increase in plasma fibrinogen levels. The international normalized ratio was significantly increased in leukemia/lymphoma patients with low fibrinogen. FDP levels were slightly increased in patients with low fibrinogen. Platelet count was significantly low in patients without leukemia/lymphoma with high fibrinogen. DIC score increased concomitantly with the reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels. Plasma levels of thrombomodulin and tissue factor were significantly high in patients with high fibrinogen levels. Plasma levels of antiplasmin and plasminogen were significantly decreased in patients with low fibrinogen. Plasma levels of plasmin plasmin-inhibitor complex and tissue type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex (PAI-I) were significantly higher in patients with low fibrinogen than in those with high fibrinogen. Plasma levels of PAI-I and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with high fibrinogen than in those with low fibrinogen. Patients with high fibrinogen levels showed less activation of secondary fibrinolysis, which might explain the occurrence of organ failure and poor outcome.
85 INTERACTION BETWEEN CYCLOSPORINE AND RECIPIENT IL-28B RS12979860 C&gt;T GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINED VIRAL RESPONSE FOR RECURRENT HEPATITIS C
Authors: D. Bitetto, E. Falleti, E. Fornasiere, L. Belli, R. Viganò, S. Fagiuoli, L. Pasulo, F. Donato, C. Rigamonti, M. Rendina, E. De Martin, P. Burra, F.R. Ponziani, A. Gasbarrini, S. Ginanni-Corradini, S. Cmet, A. Cussigh, T. De Feo, C. Fabris, P. Toniutto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Leptin reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with severe lipodystrophy
Authors: Edward D. Javor, Marc G. Ghany, Elaine K. Cochran, Elif Arioglu Oral, Alex M. DePaoli, Ahalya Premkumar, David E. Kleiner, Phillip Gorden
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Severe lipodystrophy is characterized by diminished adipose tissue and hypoleptinemia, leading to ectopic triglyceride accumulation. In the liver, this is associated with steatosis, potentially leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the prevalence of NASH and the effect of leptin replacement in these patients. Ten patients with either generalized lipodystrophy (8 patients) or Dunnigan's partial lipodystrophy (2 patients) were included in this analysis. Paired liver biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and after treatment with recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin), mean duration 6.6 months. The extents of portal and parenchymal inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, presence of Mallory bodies, and fibrosis in liver biopsy specimens were scored using a previously validated system developed to assess NASH activity. Histological disease activity was defined as the sum of ballooning, steatosis, and parenchymal inflammation scores. We concurrently tested serum triglycerides and aminotransferases and estimations of liver volume and fat content by magnetic resonance imaging. Eight of 10 patients met histological criteria for NASH at baseline. After treatment with r-metHuLeptin, repeat histological examinations showed significant improvements in steatosis (P = .006) and ballooning injury (P = .005), with a reduction of mean NASH activity by 60% (P = .002). Fibrosis was unchanged. Significant reductions were seen in mean serum triglycerides (1206→226 mg/dL, P = .002), glucose (220→144 mg/dL, P = .02), insulin (46.4→24.8 μIU/mL, P = .004), ALT (54→24 U/L, P = .02), AST (47→22 U/L, P = .046), liver volume (3209→2391 cm3, P = .007), and liver fat content (31→11%, P = .006). In conclusion, r-metHuLeptin therapy significantly reduced triglycerides, transaminases, hepatomegaly, and liver fat content. These reductions were associated with significant reductions in steatosis and the hepatocellular ballooning injury seen in NASH. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:753–760.)
Looking living death in the face
Authors: N. Craft
Journal: BMJ (1996)

When the House of Lords ruled that Tony Bland should be allowed to die, most of us believed that he was practically dead already. Tony was a tragic victim of the Hillsborough disaster. He was in a persistent vegetative state (PVS), which meant that he seemed to be awake with his eyes open but had no level of awareness. The only reason he remained alive was because he was artificially fed. We were assured there could be no mistake about the diagnosis and no hope of recovery. This Monday's Horizon programme Living Death undermined those assurances, telling us that persistent vegetative state is an unreliable diagnosis. It claimed that some patients, far from being awake but unaware of their environment, may have been misdiagnosed and may be aware and thinking inside their paralysed bodies.

There are estimated …
Comments on Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants
Authors: Benjamin M. Kagan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The American Academy of Pediatrics first published "Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants" ten years ago. The most important improvements in succeeding revisions have been in definition of terms, creation of the concept of a newborn recovery area, and the daily nursery log. There have also been new recommendations pertaining to such items as linens, lighting, and air conditioning; formula preparation; recording of physical findings; and in identification of infants. In addition, special sections have been included on the handling of erythroblastosis and respiratory distress. Ratios of nursery personnel to infants have been specified. Revisions will be found in the sections dealing with laboratory service, breast feeding, the use of Vitamin K, skin and cord care, and temperature taking.
The hyperbolic relationship between systolic pressure-volume ratio and end-diastolic volume in man: A new approach to the non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function
Authors: Danilo Neglia, Oberdan Parodi, Edoardo Nevola, Riccardo Bellina, Carlo Palombo, Gianmario Sambuceti, Claudio Marcassa, Antonio L'Abbate, Luigi Donato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Shortage of preregistration posts
Authors: J. Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1969)

requirement is hammered through our quali- fication will be the longest in the world ?These moves of compulsory service are not in accord with the freedom of this country.The Royal Commission has thrown our present qualifications into unbelievable ridicule, and the G.M.C. has not only accepted this ridicule but is bending over backwards to follow its suggestions at the expense of the freedom and choice of
Diagnosis of neuromuscular blocking agent hypersensitivity reactions using cytofluorimetric analysis of basophils
Authors: V. Kvedariene, S. Kamey, Y. Ryckwaert, M. Rongier, J. Bousquet, P. Demoly, B. Arnoux
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) are common and life threatening. Basophil activation based upon the expression of CD63 in the presence of specific allergens was found to be of importance for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated hypersensibility.The Basotest was evaluated for the diagnosis of NMBA in 47 patients with proven NMBA anaphylaxis, 40 atopic subjects nonallergic to NMBA and five healthy volunteers. Diagnosis of NMBA was made according to international standards on clinical history, skin tests and provocation tests when needed.In the NMBA allergic patients, sensitivity of Basotest was 36.1%, but it increased to 85.7% for reactions which occurred within the last 3 years. The specificity was 93.3%.Basotest may be useful for the diagnosis of NMBA allergy in patients with a suspicion of recent IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to NMBA.
Valproic Acid Alters Chromatin Structure by Regulation of Chromatin Modulation Proteins
Authors: Douglas C. Marchion, Elona Bicaku, Adil I. Daud, Daniel M. Sullivan, Pamela N. Munster
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Histone acetylation and deacetylation are crucial in the regulation of gene expression. Dynamic changes in gene expression may affect chromatin structure and, consequently, the interaction of chromatin with regulatory factors. In this study, the effects of the antiseizure drug valproic acid (VPA) on the expression of genes that regulate the structure of chromatin and the access of macromolecules to the DNA were investigated. Exposure of breast cancer cells to VPA resulted in rapid dose-dependent hyperacetylation of the histones H3 and H4. VPA further induced a depletion of several members of the structural maintenance of chromatin (SMC) proteins, SMC-associated proteins, DNA methyltransferase, and heterochromatin proteins. Down-regulation of these proteins was associated with chromatin decondensation. The observed alterations of chromatin structure correlated with enhanced sensitivity of DNA to nucleases and increased interaction of DNA with intercalating agents. VPA-induced chromatin decondensation led to a sequence-specific potentiation of DNA-damaging agents in cell culture and xenograft models. Modulation of heterochromatin maintenance proteins was not a direct, but a downstream, effect of histone acetylation. The effects on the chromatin structure were reversible upon drug withdrawal, but obligatory for the potentiation of DNA-damaging agents. In addition to their antitumor activity as single agents, the chromatin decondensation induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic agents that act by targeting DNA. The proposed mechanism of action suggests an effect of drug sequencing on the antitumor activity of these drugs.
Identification of recurring tumor-specific somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia by transcriptome sequencing
Authors: P A Greif, S H Eck, N P Konstandin, A Benet-Pagès, B Ksienzyk, A Dufour, A T Vetter, H D Popp, B Lorenz-Depiereux, T Meitinger, S K Bohlander, T M Strom
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Modulation of basal hepatic glycogenolysis by nitric oxide
Authors: M Borgs, M Bollen, S Keppens, S H Yap, W Stalmans, F Vanstapel
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We perfused livers from fed rats with a balanced salt solution containing 1 mmol/L glucose. Under these conditions a low steady rate of glycogenolysis was observed (approximately 1.7 μmol glucose equivalents/g/min; 20% of the maximal glycogenolytic activity). Nitric oxide (NO) transiently stimulated hepatic glucose production. A maximal response (on average doubling basal glucose output) was observed with 34 μmol/L NO. The same concentration of nitrite (NO2 –) was ineffective. Half–maximal effects were seen at 8 to 10 μmol/L NO, irrespective of the flow direction (portocaval or retrograde). This glycogenolytic response to NO corresponded to a partial activation of phosphorylase. The NO effect was not additive to maximal stimulation of glycogenolysis (7.7 ± 0.2 μmol hexose equivalents/g/min; n = 4) by 100 μmol/L dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Bt2cAMP). The requirement for activation of phosphorylase was also evidenced by the ineffectiveness of NO in phosphorylase–kinase–deficient livers of gsd/gsd rats. The NO effect was blocked by co–administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors (50 μmol/L ibuprofen, 50 μmol/L indomethacin, or 2 mmol/L aspirin), suggesting a mediatory role of prostanoids from nonparenchymal cells. This conclusion was confirmed by the fact that NO did not activate phosphorylase in isolated hepatocytes. Moreover, NO was no longer glycogenolytic in livers perfused with Ca2 +–free medium, in agreement with the known mediatory role of Ca2 + in prostanoid–mediated responses. Surprisingly, in Ca2 +– free medium NO inhibited the basal glucose production. This coincided with an increased elution of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Inhibition of glycogenolysis by NO under these conditions was blocked by 1 mmol/L theophylline, suggestive for involvement of cGMP–stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase. However, we could not confirm that an increase in cGMP resulted in a drop in cAMP. In conclusion, NO recruits opposing mechanisms with respect to modulation of basal hepatic glycogenolysis. In the presence of Ca2 +, activation of phosphorylase with stimulation of glycogenolysis dominates. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors abolish this effect. Activation by NO of the cyclooxygenase in nonparenchymal cells is a distinct possibility. In the absence of Ca2 +, inhibition of basal glycogenolysis becomes observable. It remains to be established whether this results from cGMP–mediated stimulation of hydrolysis of cAMP.