tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW FIGURE-OF-8 PEDICLE LIGATURE.
Authors: F. SHIMONEK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The following pedicle ligature is, so far as I know, original: I have used it with much satisfaction for the last nine months. It is an improvement upon the old Worllich ligature, because it can be quickly tied, whether it be used singly or as a continuous ligature; for very broad pedicles only one knot is required; the threads cross naturally when passing through the pedicle. It is better than the Tait ligature because of its applicability to any breadth pedicle and can be safely tied, and without any trouble whatever. An armed needle is passed through the pedicle, as shown in Fig. 1. That part of the ligature passing through the eye of the needle is withdrawn from it, as shown in Fig. 2. We now have the needle and ligature passing through the same opening in the pedicle, and yet are independent of each other. Take that part
William Jones Owen
Authors: I. McColl
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant surgeon Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals and senior lecturer King's College, London (b 1945; q Guy's 1969; MS, FRCS), died from a brain tumour on 3 April 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




He was a senior registrar at Guy's and was appointed to the staff in 1981. For many years he also worked at Lewisham and later St Thomas's Hospitals, but his love of surgery, teaching, and research did not preclude his taking more than his fair share of managing. In this field his Welsh sense of humour defused many a difficult situation. He established one of the best oesophageal laboratories in the country, producing over a hundred excellent papers. He was honorary surgeon to the army and the Royal Society of Music. He leaves a wife, Wendy; and two children.
SCHIZOPHRENIC TRAITS IN THE FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOSES AND IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS
Authors: James Page, Carney Landis, S. E. Katz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)

A questionnaire consisting of 50 typical schizophrenic behavior traits, as determined by a consensus of psychiatric opinion, was given to 100 manic-depressives, 125 schizophrenics, and 240 normal individuals. From the data collected, the following conclusions are offered: 1. The normal and schizophrenic groups possess on the average about the same number of schizophrenic traits. The former report 18 such traits and the latter 17.60 traits. The manic-depressive group, on the other hand, report only 14 such traits or about 80 per cent as many as the other two groups. 2. Analysis of individual traits fails to reveal a dichotomy of personality types underlying schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients. There is some indication that normal individuals possess somewhat different traits than psychotic individuals, but in general, all groups tend to have the same personality traits. 3. The lack of agreement between clinical observers of personality types and experimental workers is perhaps due to the fact that the former have interpreted personality as an organized whole or a gestalt, whereas the latter have interpreted personality as a sum of traits. 4. This analysis, by means of the questionnaire method, of the hypothesis that the "total personality" is basic in the development of the disease syndrome, indicates that either the questionnaire method is not a valid way to check the hypothesis or that the hypothesis is incorrect. Further work is under way which may determine more satisfactorily the validity of the concept of the total personality.
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It should now be possible, in almost all cases, to relieve the pain of patients who have trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). Given a series of medical and surgical observations made over the last decade, a patient with this disease can be encouraged that specific forms of treatment exist that should produce pain remission, either permanent or at least semipermanent. Therapy may employ either medical or surgical expertise, usually both. Thus, cooperation between physician and surgeon in the management of trigeminal neuralgia is mandatory. Most authorities agree that medical treatment is indicated first, if for no other reason than its use constitutes a therapeutic challenge to the diagnosis. If a patient presumed to have trigeminal neuralgia does not respond rapidly to carbamazepine in 24 to 48 hours, for example, then the diagnosis is seriously in doubt. After all, the diagnosis is made on the basis of history alone, and some patients
Review: Anticoagulation with INRs &amp;lt; 2 or between 3 and 5 increases risk for thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events
Authors: Anne Holbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Oake N, Jennings A, Forster AJ, et al. Anticoagulation intensity and outcomes among patients prescribed oral anticoagulant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2008;179:235-44. 18663203
A CASE OF MIGRATION OF FOREIGN BODY IN THE TISSUES.
Authors: E. R. BARTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

I report this as an authentic case of migration of a foreign body in the tissues. It is especially interesting because of the length of time the foreign body resided therein. <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. O., aged 35, gave a history of cutting her thumb with a piece of glass when she was 10 years old. At various times since, a small, red protuberance has appeared, at first near the scar, but gradually farther away. About two weeks before I saw her this small tumor appeared about one inch from the site of the original scar, nearly over the second joint. I removed a small spicule of glass about ⅛ inch long, very sharp and pointed, from just beneath the skin.
The Physicians' Duel.
Authors: S. Canby
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Overformalisation of clinical terms has denuded them of everyday meaning, but they act as a valuable shorthand between doctors.The initial problem is how to master the pattern recognition and language attributed to each syndrome.Exposure to patients is mandatory, and rapid acquisition of knowledge is possible, even with an inexperienced eye.Some students learn lists but I find animation far more provocative than strings of black and white characters.My mind's camera has processed those curiosities of morbid significance and refashions the features of disease in grotesque apposition.A translation emerges through my pen which is not really a patient at all.It is caricature.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Opportunistic Infections, and Malignancies in Male Homosexuals
Authors: Joseph Sonnabend
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs in a subgroup of male homosexuals having sexual contact with a large number of partners. Uncommonly, AIDS has also been diagnosed in Haitians, hemophiliacs, and intravenous drug users and their infants. Manifestations include autoimmune disturbances, opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic lymphadenomegaly, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. The hypothesis receiving most consideration is that a yet-to-be-identified virus causes AIDS. An alternative view is that repeated sexual involvement with multiple partners, in a subgroup of male homosexuals, exposes the men to the immunosuppressive impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and allogeneic semen. Antibody to asialo-Gm<sub>1</sub>and other antigens on sperm react with and impair lymphoid cells. We propose a biphasic process. First, a reversible acquisition phase of impaired T-cell immunoregulation permits reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and autoantibodies are produced by the activated B cells. If sexual activity continues at a high level, accumulating immune defects, including destruction of thymic epithelium, lead to a second, self-sustaining phase wherein cytotoxic lymphocytes fail to eliminate herpesvirus-infected cells. Evidence is mounting that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by CMV and that EBV is responsible for the B-cell lymphomas in these patients. Multiple factors, rather than a novel virus, probably induce AIDS in male homosexuals. If this hypothesis is correct, then rational bases for prevention and intervention can be designed. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2370-2374)
Intraocular Pressure in Eyes Receiving Monthly Ranibizumab in 2 Pivotal Age-Related Macular Degeneration Clinical Trials
Authors: Sophie J. Bakri, Darius M. Moshfeghi, Steve Francom, Amy Chen Rundle, Daniel S. Reshef, Paul P. Lee, Carol Schaeffer, Roman G. Rubio, Phillip Lai
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Abstract 5719: Improvement of radiotherapy for glioblastoma by co-targeting PI3K and HSP90
Authors: Phyllis Rachelle Wachsberger, Richard Y. Lawrence, Yi Liu, Barbara Andersen, Adam P. Dicker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors frequently contain mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, leading to loss of PTEN activity. PTEN loss causes overactivation of the PI3K pathway, inducing inhibition of apoptosis and radioresistance. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is over-expressed in GBM and that has among its client proteins, PI3K and Akt. It was hypothesized that dual inhibition of Hsp90 and PI3K signaling would additively or synergistically radiosensitize GBM through inhibition of radiation-induced PI3K/Akt signaling, leading to enhanced apoptosis. This study investigated the radiosensitizing effect of the HSP 90 inhibitor, HSP990 in combination with the PI3K inhibitor, BKM-120 in U87 GBM xenografts. Methods: Human U87 (GBM) cells, null for PTEN, were studied. Radiosensitivity was determined by apoptotic assays (Annexin V kit) in vitro and by tumor growth delay studies in vivo. Immunoblots were performed to assess pAkt levels. HSP990 and BKM 120 were provided by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Results: Apoptotic assays revealed the following percentages of cells undergoing apoptosis 48 hrs after treatments: radiation alone: 57%; HSP990 alone: 75%; HSP990 + radiation (RT): 86%; BKM120 alone: 59%; BKM120+ RT: 42%. The combination of BKM120 + HSP990 induced the highest percentage of apoptosis (89% of cell population). The addition of radiation to the combined drug treatment did not increase the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis (66% for triple modality treatment vs. 89% for HSP990 + BKM120 treatment). In vivo, each individual treatment (RT, HSP990 or BKM120) slowed the rate of tumor growth compared with the control group and all pairs of treatments performed better than either of the component treatments alone (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all comparisons). The combination of all three treatments performed significantly better than BKM+RTX and HSP+RTX (p=0.01 for both) but was not significantly better than BKM+HSP (p=0.06). Conclusions: The response of U87 glioblastoma to radiotherapy was enhanced in the presence of BKM120 and HSP990. Enhanced apoptosis contributed to the mechanism of cell death. This work was supported by a grant from Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5719. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5719
RT-17 * RADIOTHERAPY FOR INTRACRANIAL AND SPINAL EPENDYMOMAS. A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: P. Lachi, F. Syed, R. Keshava, A. Syed, D. Nair, D. Joseph, M. Irrakula, V. Krishna, S. Pamidighantam, K. Naidu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective analysis was performed to examine the outcome of patients with histiologically confirmed ependymomas of the brain or spinal cord who received post operative radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with histologically confirmed ependymoma who were treated at our institute from Jan 2008 - July 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Survival was compared by age, location of tumor, KPS and extent of using cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients were analyzed of which 33 had intra cranial tumors and 10 had primary spinal ependymomas. Among the intra cranial tumors, 18 were supra tentorial and 15 were located in the posterior fossa. The series consisted of 23 males and 20 females in the age range of four to 62 years. Using the WHO classification, 23 patients had grade II and 20 patients had grade III ependymomas. Gross total resection was done in 20 patients (46.5%) and the resection was subtotal in 23 (53.5%) patients. All patients received post operative radiotherapy with doses ranging from 40 - 60 Gy. Thirty three patients with intracranial tumors received focal radiotherapy to the brain, nine patients received local radiotherapy to spinal lesion and one patient received craniospinal radiotherapy. On multivariate analysis, age, KPS, location and grade did not show correlation with survival. Only the extent of surgical resection was found to be significant variable. Patients with gross total resection had a median survival of 81 months and patients with subtotal resection had a median survival of 5 months (p= 0.006). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of extent of surgical resection in the clinical outcome in patients with ependymomas.
Uricosuric Effect of Radiocontrast Agents
Authors: ARNOLD E. POSTLETHWAITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The administration of standard doses of four commonly used radiocontrast agents, iopanoic acid (Telepaque®), calcium ipodate (Oragrafin®), meglumine iodipamide (Cholografin®), and sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque®) to 2 to 12 patients is followed by a decrease in the serum urate concentration, an increase in the urinary excretion of uric acid, and an increase in the renal clearance of uric acid. This uricosuric effect of these agents appears to be caused by enhanced renal tubular secretion of uric acid. Telepaque and Oragrafin were found to have a more potent effect than Cholografin and Hypaque. In addition, the duration of the uricosuric effect of these agents, which is 5 and 6 days for Telepaque and Oragrafin, respectively, and 1 day for Cholografin and Hypaque, correlates with the duration of their reported renal excretion. The possibility that acute renal failure occasionally precipitated by these agents may be related to their uricosuric effect is discussed.
FDA warns of risks from breast implants
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Women considering breast augmentation should be aware of the risk of implants rupturing and other adverse events during mammography.

Delayed detection of breast cancer and pain and discomfort are among the other risks identified in an analysis of reports received by the Food and Drug Administration.

“It is important that women considering breast implants be informed of these potential risks and that clinicians, radiologists, and mammographic technicians keep them in mind when imaging women with implants,” say the authors, from the FDA's Division of Postmarket Surveillance.

In the …
Blackboard Drawing in Medical Teaching
Authors: A. Barabas
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Although it is accepted that visual methods facilitate learning, it appears that only the newest and most sophisticated aids attract publicity.In this article I should like to draw attention to the Cinderella of visual methods-the blackboard drawing.Is There Still Any Need for Blackboard Drawings in the Course of Medical Lectures in England ?This question first needs answering.Almost every teaching hospital in England has its own medical illustration depart- ment.At fairly short notice lantern slides can be made by qualified artists.Numerous new sophisticated visual aids appear yearly, and coloured moving pictures can be obtained on almost every medical subject.They should all be welcome and put to their best advantage, as any form of illustration is better than no illustration, and for each subject and occasion there is one which is best suited.The different types of visual aids should not be mutually exclusive.When they are it is the black- board drawing which usually suffers, as its technique has to be learnt by the medical educator himself.He should try to do so, because in my view blackboard drawing still remains the simplest, most flexible, least expensive, and most useful visual aid.Simplicity and inexpensiveness need no further elaboration; the claim for its being the most useful of the available visual aids needs justification.Blackboard drawings are the most
Controlled trial comparing De-Nol tablets with De-Nol liquid in treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: I Hamilton, A T Axon
Journal: BMJ (1981)

within the synovium or joint cavity, symptoms and signs of joint inflammation fluctuate in intensity, mimicking the intermittent synovitis common in early rheumatoid arthritis.Histological examination of the synovial fluid precipitate is usually neglected in the investigation of rheumatic disorders.Though it is rarely informative in patients with polyarthritis, it is a pertinent investigation in those with monoarthritis, where failure to recall an initial penetrating injury does not exclude the diagnosis of persistent synovitis induced by foreign material.
DUTIES OF MUNICIPALITY AND STATE IN THE CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: G. WALTER HOLDEN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is the duty of municipalities and states to protect the lives, the property and the health of their citizens. The purpose of this paper is to bring to your consideration the relation of the state and the city to one disease—tuberculosis. At present states protect their citizens against other contagious and infectious diseases. Tuberculosis also should be under their control. We know that tuberculosis is preventable and curable; yet we allow it to cost this nation 150,000 lives every year. Can we, as a nation, afford to offer up this annual sacrifice when the general adoption of preventive measures and their intelligent enforcement will gradually reduce this alarming mortality, and in due time stamp out the disease? The prevention of tuberculosis is one of the most serious social problems that the country has to consider to-day, and the first movement toward the solution of the problem has been made
Proposed criteria for the diagnosis of post-polycythemia vera and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis: a consensus statement from the international working group for myelofibrosis research and treatment
Authors: G Barosi, R A Mesa, J Thiele, F Cervantes, P J Campbell, S Verstovsek, B Dupriez, R L Levine, F Passamonti, J Gotlib, J T Reilly, A M Vannucchi, C A Hanson, L A Solberg, A Orazi, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
FDA proposes measuring antibiotics in feed
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The enhancement of excitability in type B photoreceptors is an important neural mechanism underlying classically conditioned suppression of phototaxis in the marine mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. However, the possibility that type B photoreceptors also exhibit synaptic plasticity has not previously been explored. We now report that connections of type B photoreceptors onto type A photoreceptors exhibit synaptic facilitation, and that this facilitation involves the same first messenger (5-HT) and second messenger (protein kinase C) previously implicated in the learning- produced excitability changes. In brief, we found that application of 5- HT dramatically facilitates synaptic potentials evoked by type B cells in type A cell cells, and that this facilitation is blocked by preincubation with staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, activation of protein kinase C also induces synaptic facilitation, whereas activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has no effect. Changes in synaptic strength produced by these manipulations are paralleled by changes in type B cell input resistance (a simple index of cellular excitability), whereas type A cell input resistance is unaffected. These findings indicate a previously unrecognized form of neuronal plasticity in Hermissenda that may contribute importantly to the learned changes in behavior, and thereby highlight general principles of learning-related neuronal plasticity shared by different preparations and species.
Drug points: Effectiveness of modified release isosorbide mononitrate affected by incorrect use
Authors: J. D Hider
Journal: BMJ (2000)

We report a case of ischaemic chest pain in a patient after the mode of administration of the antianginal drug isosorbide mononitrate was altered.

A 78 year old man had an aggressive and inoperable pharyngeal tumour. Radiotherapy had failed to control the tumour, and he had worsening dysphagia. The patient had several medical conditions, including ischaemic heart disease. He could swallow only fluids and tablets and …
Primary care in the United States: Organisation of primary care in the United States
Authors: A. B Bindman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The replacement of health authorities by primary care trusts in 2002 marked the beginning of a new chapter in the evolution of primary care in Britain's national health service.The explanations for these reforms include trying to improve the quality and accessibility of health services in the United Kingdom. 1 How these objectives will be achieved has been intensely debated and, aside from the issue of resources, the question of how to foster the evolution of primary care in Britain remains unresolved.Despite differences in how the United Kingdom and the United States finance health care and in the equity in the distribution of resources, the challenges in delivery of primary care are similar in the two countries.This first article in the series focuses on the current organisation of primary care in the United States.Future articles will describe the US experience with performance measurement in primary care, referrals to specialists, and innovations in delivering ambulatory care services.
Role of Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein in the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Shiguang Liu, Thomas A. Brown, Jianping Zhou, Zhou-Sheng Xiao, Hani Awad, Farshid Guilak, Darryl L. Quarles
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a disorder characterized by hypophosphatemia, impaired skeletal mineralization, and aberrant regulation of 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3), is caused by inactivating mutations of Phex, which results in the accumulation of putative phosphaturic factors, called phosphatonins. Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Mepe) is a proposed candidate for phosphatonin. The authors found that Hyp mice had increased expression of the MEPE and another phosphaturic factor, Fgf23. To establish MEPE's role in the pathogenesis of the XLH, Mepe-deficient mice were back-crossed onto the Hyp mouse homologue of XLH and phenotypes of wild-type, Mepe(-/-), Hyp, and Mepe(-/-)/Hyp mice were examined. Transfer of Mepe deficiency onto the Phex-deficient Hyp mouse background failed to correct hypophosphatemia and aberrant serum 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels. Increased Fgf23 levels in Hyp mice were not affected by superimposed Mepe deficiency. In addition, Mepe-deficient Hyp mice retained bone mineralization defects in vivo, characterized by decreased bone mineral density, reduced mineralized trabecular bone volume, lower flexural strength, and histologic evidence of osteomalacia; however, cultures of Hyp-derived bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of Mepe showed improved mineralization and normalization of osteoblast gene expression profiles observed in cells derived from Mepe-null mice. These results demonstrate that MEPE elevation in Hyp mice does not contribute to the hypophosphatemia associated with inactivating Phex mutations and is therefore not phosphatonin.