tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A (GATA)7 motif located in the 5? boundary area of the human ?-globin locus control region exhibits silencer activity in erythroid cells
Authors: Ramani Ramchandran, Chikh Bengra, Barry Whitney, Kenneth Lanclos, Dorothy Tuan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A 40-bp DNA, consisting of seven tandem GATA repeats, is located near the HS5 site in the 5' boundary area of the locus control region (LCR) of human beta-globin gene. This (GATA)(7) motif, named 5a, exhibits silencer activity in erythroid cells. In transfected, recombinant plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, 5a repressed the activity of the cis-linked housekeeping phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) promoter; 5a also repressed the activity of the cis-linked HS2 enhancer regardless of whether the CAT gene was driven by the pgk or the epsilon-globin promoter. Repression by 5a was most severe when 5a was spliced upstream of HS2 at a distance of less than 200 bases from the HS2 enhancer core. The silencer activity of 5a was independent of whether the component GATA motifs were in head to tail orientation as in the wild type 5a or in head to head or tail to tail orientation as in a mutant 5a. Band shift experiments show that the GATA-1 protein binds to both 5a and the mutant 5a and forms a large protein complex. Together, the results suggest that GATA-1 bound at 5a is a strong, proximal repressor of HS2 enhancer activity.
Abstract P4-03-04: The potential use of Optical Coherence Tomography for intraoperative breast tumour margin width estimation
Authors: BC Wilson, MK Akens, CJ Niu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Total mastectomy and lumpectomy with radiation have been shown to have equivalent patient outcomes, which has likely contributed to the more widespread adoption of breast conserving surgery (BCS) procedures. Assessment of breast lumpectomy margin widths in both an accurate and timely manner is essential to successful breast conservation procedures. Current BCS methodologies have been reported to result in reoperation rates of up to 20–60%, which represents a significant and unmet need for improved margin assessment. High reoperation rates present both increased treatment risk to patients and increased burden on healthcare systems. In the USA alone, over 150,000 lumpectomies are performed per year at an average cost between $11,000 and $19,000 USD per procedure. Assuming a relatively modest average repeat operation rate of 25%, potentially preventable repeat surgeries represent an approximate cost to the US healthcare system of $500M (USD) annually. Reducing the prevalence of repeat surgeries may be accomplished by providing faster and more accurate intraoperative tools for assessing margin widths during the time of the first surgery. One such potential technique involves the use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging, which uses light to produce images in much the same way that ultrasound produces images with sound. Compared to ultrasound, OCT provides decreased depth of penetration, but increased resolution capabilities. The increased resolution that OCT provides allows for the visualization of the internal cellular structure within a tissue sample and therefore, provides the potential ability to differentiate cancerous from normal or benign cells. We propose the use of an intraoperative OCT imaging system to provide near real-time imaging information about the internal structure of tissue samples excised during BCS procedures. Our hypothesis is that the overall rate of repeat operations can be reduced by providing a tool to assist surgeons with the task of margin width estimation during the time of surgery. We have developed an early stage prototype OCT imaging system that has completed laboratory phantom and preclinical studies. This paper will present the capabilities of an OCT imaging system to provide margin assessment information in biological breast tissue mimicking phantoms. The phantoms were designed to encompass imaging characteristics across a wide range of human breast densities. The paper will go on to describe preclinical imaging that was done in tumor specimens excised from human breast cancer rat models. The results obtained in the phantom and preclinical studies suggest the potential for OCT as a near-real time, intraoperative imaging tool to aid surgeons with breast lumpectomy margin width estimation. To help realize this potential, further research is required in to the use of OCT during BCS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-04.
Bisphosphonate Use and the Risk of Subtrochanteric or Femoral Shaft Fractures in Older Women
Authors: Laura Y. Park-Wyllie
Journal: JAMA (2011)

STEOPOROSIS IS ASSOCIated with significant morbidity and mortality. 1,24][5] Although randomized trials have shown that treatment with bisphosphonates reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures, [6][7][8] concerns have recently emerged that bisphosphonate-related suppression of bone remodeling may adversely influence bone strength. 9n increasing number of case reports describe women who develop fractures involving the subtrochanteric or shaft region of the femur in the setting of long-term bisphosphonate therapy, generally after minimal trauma. 10Fractures at these sites are often described as atypical because of their location and characteristic radiographic appearance. 9,10The US
Thermography finds multitude of applications
Authors: J. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Population Comparison of Two Clinical Approaches to the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Robert J. Adams, Sarah Appleton, David H. Wilson, Anne W. Taylor, Eleonora Dal Grande, Catherine Chittleborough, Tiffany Gill, Richard Ruffin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In 2005, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) released a consensus clinical definition of the metabolic syndrome for worldwide use that included central obesity as a prerequisite (1). The IDF definition varied from the earlier Third Report of the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) panel definition with broader criteria for waist circumference, HDL, and fasting plasma glucose (2). The impact of these changes to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, in particular the use of differing values for defining central obesity, has not been studied. Our aim was to compare these two definitions for the distribution and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a representative biomedical population study of predominantly European adults from Adelaide, South Australia (population 1.2 million) (3).

Individuals aged ≥18 years from households selected at random from the electronic white pages directory were eligible. Of the eligible sample of 8,213, a total of 5,850 (71%) completed the initial interview. Of these, 4,060 (69%) attended the clinic for the biomedical examination (3). Respondents completed surveys and underwent clinic assessment, including measurement of blood pressure height, weight, waist, and fasting glucose and lipid levels (3). The study was approved by the institutional ethics committees of the North West Adelaide Health Service, …
Leukocyte migration inhibition in progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: P. HUGHES, SHIRLEY HOLT, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The leukocyte migration test was used to examine patients with progressive systemic sclerosis for evidence of cell‐mediated immunity to a wide range of autologous, homologous and heterologous antigens. Ten patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and seventeen normal controls were tested for sensitivity to autologous lymphocytes, microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of human cadaver liver, human myelin basic protein and porcine thyroglobulin. Migration indices in the control group showed a uniform response with, in general, only minimal reactivity for each of the antigens tested. By contrast, the patients with progressive systemic sclerosis showed a significantly greater degree of migration‐inhibition using autologous lymphocytes, the liver microsomes and mitochondria, and the myelin basic protein. Leukocyte migration in the presence of porcine thyroglobulin did not differ, however, from that in the normal controls. The findings indicate that there is in progressive systemic sclerosis, widespread cell‐mediated hypersensitivity, much of which is directed against both autologous and homologous antigens.
Survey Suggests Rise in Health Habit Complacency
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THERE are signs that some Americans may be slipping in their healthy habits. Although there appears to be a 20-year trend toward a healthier life-style including reduced smoking, more exercise, and dietary changes, there are some indications to the contrary now from a new survey by Louis Harris and Associates, Washington, DC. For 10 years, Harris has surveyed American health habits annually. The latest survey, done in December and released last month, consists of telephone interviews with 1251 randomly selected adults across the United States. Over the years, many of the questions and survey procedures have remained the same, Haris says, so that the answers can be compared. The new survey, which cost $75000, was sponsored by Baxter International Inc, Deerfield, Ill. William Friedewald, MD, formerly chief, Disease Prevention Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, and now with Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, New York, NY, notes that the Harris
COMPARISON OF F-18 LABELED BMS747158 PET AND TC-99M LABELED SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING FOR DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Jamshid Maddahi, Johannes Czernin, Alexander Ehlgen, Joel Lazewatsky, Qi Zhu, Michael Phelps
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Folic Acid and Prevention of Birth Defects
Authors: Andrew E. Czeizel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Daly and colleagues<sup>1</sup>present an important article about the relationship of red cell folate levels to neural tube defect (NTD) risk. If all women achieved a 100% increase in red cell folate (ie, a doubling), which could certainly be achieved by taking an extra 0.4 mg folic acid per day, a 48% total NTD reduction would occur. However, the question now is how to respond to this new knowledge. To improve the motivation of women planning pregnancies, as Daly et al suggested: "It is also worthwhile noting that a population increase in folic acid intake may also have a protective effect on heart disease, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer." In addition, there is a third group of arguments that is related to the reduction of other structural birth defects.<sup>2</sup> The final data set of the Hungarian randomized, double-blind controlled trial indicated that folate not
Access to Primary Care — The Paradox of Medical Care — Prospect for Change?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE right of every citizen to be provided with primary medical care through his or her own personal general practitioner is often considered to be the greatest benefit that the National Health Service (NHS) has conferred. But of course the right to have a general practitioner does not imply that there will necessarily be any real choice of doctor, nor does it guarantee the standard of the primary care that will be offered — the standard of the primary-care service, in turn, bears little relation to the secondary and tertiary-care facilities that may be available. Nevertheless, because of the right . . .
Potentiation of myocardial salvage by tissue type plasminogen activator in combination with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in ischemic cat myocardium.
Authors: A M Lefer, R Mentley, J Z Sun
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We studied the effects of a thrombolytic agent (t-PA) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS-13080) in a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 2 hours followed by 4 hours of reperfusion in anesthetized cats results in a large washout of creatine kinase into the blood (32 +/- 7 IU/mg protein) and an area of necrotic tissue comprising 52 +/- 5% of the area at risk and 9 +/- 0.6% of the left ventricle. Intravenous administration of t-PA (500 IU/kg.min) for 30 minutes alone at reperfusion or infusion of CGS-13080 (500 micrograms/kg.hr) had no effect on washout of creatine kinase or extent of necrotic tissue development. Administration of the same doses of both t-PA and CGS-13080 together markedly attenuated creatine kinase release to 10 +/- 2 IU/mg protein (p less than 0.01) and reduced the area of necrotic tissue to 9 +/- 2% of the area at risk and only 1.3 +/- 0.3% of the left ventricle (p less than 0.001). No significant sustained effects of these agents were observed on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or the pressure rate index in these experiments. Thus, t-PA and CGS-13080 exert synergistic effects in preserving myocardial integrity in cats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. The mechanism of this beneficial effect does not appear to be via reduced myocardial oxygen demand, increased myocardial oxygen supply, or enhanced inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation. The mechanism of this anti-ischemic effect is not clear but may involve a metabolic or a cytoprotective effect.
The Construction of Mean Spatial Vectors From Null Contours
Authors: ERNEST FRANK, CALVIN F. KAY
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Experimental and theoretic evidence reveal substantial errors in the determination of mean heart vector orientations exclusively from null contours. Over the limited range of orientations studied, the mean heart vector angle determined by the perpendicular-plane construction departs by as much as 17 degrees from the true angle. These sizable construction errors, strongly dependent upon such factors as heart position and medium shape, are superimposed upon other errors inherent in the many assumptions made in electrocardiographic field analysis.
Left Ventricular Amyloid Deposition in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Selma F. Mohammed, Sultan A. Mirzoyev, William D. Edwards, Ahmet Dogan, Donna R. Grogan, Shannon M. Dunlay, Veronique L. Roger, Morie A. Gertz, Angela Dispenzieri, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

This study sought to determine the frequency of left ventricular amyloid in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left ventricular amyloid deposition can cause diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF. Autopsy of left ventricular specimens from patients with antemortem diagnosis of HFpEF without clinically apparent amyloid (n = 109) and from control subjects (n = 131) were screened with sulfated Alcian blue and subsequent Congo red staining with microdissection for mass spectrometry–based proteomics to determine amyloid type. Fibrosis was assessed with quantitative whole-field digital microscopy. The presence of wild-type transthyretin (wtTTR) amyloid was associated with age at death and male sex, but the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of wtTTR amyloid was higher in HFpEF patients than in control subjects (odds ratio: 3.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 11.3; p = 0.03). Among HFpEF patients, moderate or severe interstitial wtTTR deposition, consistent with senile systemic amyloidosis as the primary etiology of HFpEF, was present in 5 (5%) patients (80% men), with mild interstitial and/or variable severity of intramural coronary vascular deposition in 13 (12%) patients. While, wtTTR deposition was often mild, adjusting for age and presence of HFpEF, wtTTR amyloid was associated with more fibrosis (p = 0.005) and lower age, sex, and body size–adjusted heart weight (p = 0.04). Given the age- and sex-independent association of HFpEF and wtTTR deposition and an emerging understanding of the pathophysiology of the amyloidoses, the current findings support further investigation of the role of wtTTR in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.
Potassium transport in the human small bowel
Authors: L. A. Turnberg
Journal: Gut (1971)

Factors influencing transport of potassium in the human small bowel were studied using perfusion techniques in normal subjects and in patients with ileostomies. In the small intestine of normal subjects and in the ileum of ileostomy patients, potassium is distributed across the mucose in a passive transport process. Potassium transport in the jejunum was influenced to a large degree by solvent drag. The mucosa of the jejunum seems more permeable to potassium than to sodium, and this permeability was apparently unaffected by calcium in the lumen in concentrations of 1.15-7.25 mEq/liter. Potassium transport in the ileum was influenced by luminal sodium concentration, suggesting that this is a passive consequence of the change in electrical potential induced by the change in sodium concentration. In this way, the electrical potential is thought to be a sodium diffusion potential. Therefore, all evidence points to a purely passive behavior of the small intestine toward potassium.
Analysis of the Degree of QRS Fusion Necessary for Its Visual Detection
Authors: José M. Ormaetxe, Jesús Almendral, Jesús D. Martínez-Alday, Julián P. Villacastín, Angel Arenal, Agustín Pastor, Tomás Echeverría, Juan L. Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Fixed fusion is the hallmark for the demonstration of transient entrainment. However, the degree of accuracy of its recognition on the surface ECG is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability to detect fusion in the QRS complex. Methods and Results While pacing the ventricles at a fixed rate, a model of ventricular fusion was created by introducing late extrastimuli at a second site. In this model, the presence and degree of fusion are known. Pacing sites were the RV apex, outflow tract, and left ventricle in various configurations. We analyzed 433 QRS complexes with different degrees of fusion (or no fusion) in 21 patients. Each QRS was “read” by three investigators blinded to intracardiac recordings but having a reference QRS with no fusion. There was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of fusion and its recognition. Fusion was detected with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 87%. Fusion was accurately detected in all configurations only when &gt;22% of the QRS was fused. In patients with organic left ventricular disease, fusion was better recognized when the driving pacing site was the left ventricle than when it was a right ventricular site. The interobserver agreement was moderate between two pairs of observers and only fair between the remaining pair. Conclusions Our results suggest that an accurate detection of ventricular fusion can only be accomplished when fusion occurs during a significant proportion of the QRS duration. The potential lack of recognition of minor degrees of fusion may produce underdetection of transient entrainment.
Ketek — The FDA Perspective
Authors: Janice Soreth, Edward Cox, Sandra Kweder, John Jenkins, Steven Galson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: In response to the article by Ross in this issue of the Journal,1 we wish to clarify how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviewed Ketek (telithromycin). Although there are other statements or suggestions in the article that also need clarification, we address a few key points in the limited space available here. First, safety concerns were identified by the FDA early in the review process and taken very seriously throughout four years and three review cycles. The FDA's approval decision followed a careful review of the safety data submitted, including foreign postmarketing adverse-event reports that . . .
Abstract 2557: GSTP1 is a determinant of temozolomiode resistance in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Simendra Singh, Francis Ali-Osman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is a methylating agent used in first-line treatment of malignant gliomas and melanomas. Unfortunately, its use is limited by multifaceted resistance mechanisms. Although, the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) protein metabolizes several alkylating and free radical generating anticancer agents, its role in TMZ metabolism and/or tumor resistance to TMZ are not known. In this study, we investigated the potential role of GSTP1-based metabolic detoxification of TMZ in glioma resistance to TMZ. The ability of GSTP1 to metabolize TMZ was assessed indirectly by measuring changes in the level of residual (free, un-metabolized) TMZ in a cell-free system containing TMZ, reduced glutathione (GSH) and human placental GSTP1 protein. We observed a time- and both GSH and GSTP1 concentration-dependent decrease in residual TMZ levels in reaction mixtures containing GSTP1 and after a 6 hr incubation, the level of free TMZ in GSTP1-containing reaction mixtures was decreased to 40% of controls without GSTP1. Presence of GSH alone resulted in only a 10% decrease in residual TMZ. Using three GSTP1 expressing glioma cell lines, viz, MGR1, MGR3 and U87, we examined the effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTP1 expression on tumor survival to TMZ and the level of TMZ-induced apoptosis using caspase-3/7 activation as endpoint. The TMZ IC50 values for MGR1, MGR3 and U87 of 1.31, 0.91 and 1.06 mM, respectively, were reduced significantly to 0.78, 0.6 and 0.69 mM at 48hrs following GSTP1 knockdown. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTP1 increased TMZ-induced caspase-3/7 activation, significantly, in all three cell lines when exposed to TMZ for 48 hrs. Experiments evaluating the effect of combined knockdown of GSTP1 and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) on cellular sensitivity of TMZ suggest synergism between the two strategies. Overall, these results provide support for a pivotal role that GSTP1 may play in glioma cell resistance to TMZ-based chemotherapy and the potential of targeting GSTP1 as part of strategies to reverse this resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2557.