tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A reaction to silicone spray
Authors: C. Grimes, P. Aughwane, M. Klein
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 50-year-old man underwent surveillance colonoscopy following a right hemicolectomy for a Dukes stage A tumor of the ascending colon 5 years previously. At colonoscopy, an 8-mm polyp was found in the distal sigmoid. A silicone spray was used to assist in snaring of the polyp. The patient immediately developed pain, and the rectum was noted to become erythematous. The patient settled with conservative management. Although some silicone compounds are known to irritate mucous membranes, the active ingredient in silicone spray used in endoscopy, dimethylpolysiloxane is not harmful. However, propane and butane, which are used as propellants in the spray, can cause frostbite and freeze burns. Such sprays should be used with caution in endoscopic procedures.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator, Amiodarone, and Placebo on the Mode of Death in Stable Patients With Heart Failure: Analysis From the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial”
Authors: Douglas L. Packer, Robert P. Frantz, Jordan M. Prutkin, Jeanne E. Poole, Anne S. Hellkamp, Freda Wood, Steve E. McNulty, Joseph G. Rogers, Daniel B. Mark, Kerry L. Lee, L. Brent Mitchell, Robert C. Bernstein, John P. Boehmer, Mark D. Carlson, Jill Anderson, Gust H. Bardy, George W. Johnson, Mary Norine Walsh
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Broad and Specific Caspase Inhibitor-Induced Acute Repression of Apoptosis in Atherosclerotic Lesions Evaluated by Radiolabeled Annexin A5 Imaging
Authors: Masayoshi Sarai, Dagmar Hartung, Artiom Petrov, Jun Zhou, Navneet Narula, Leo Hofstra, Frank Kolodgie, Satoshi Isobe, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Jean-Luc Vanderheyden, Renu Virmani, Chris Reutelingsperger, Nathan D. Wong, Sudhir Gupta, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
S114 Adaptive and Innate-Like T Cell Phenotypes in Asthma in Relationship to Compartment and Severity
Authors: TSC Hinks, KJ Staples, C Smith, J Ward, S Mansour, P Monk, PH Howarth, HW Virgin, S Gadola, R Djukanovic
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Asthma is a heterogeneous disease affecting 150–300 million people. Underlying mechanisms remain unclear. T<sub>H</sub>17 cells expressing interleukin-17 are widely hypothesised to play a role, particularly in severe neutrophilic asthma. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are novel innate-like T-cells of unknown function which express CD161 and an invariant TCRα chain (Vα7.2-Jα33) and recognise the highly conserved restriction molecule MR1. We undertook to analyse IL-17 and key T-cell subsets, namely T<sub>H</sub>17, T<sub>H</sub>1, T<sub>H</sub>2, T<sub>REG,</sub> and MAIT cells in relation to asthma severity and virus-induced exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross sectional study: 76 subjects underwent detailed phenotyping, sputum induction, phlebotomy, and bronchoscopy. Samples were analysed by 9-colour flow-cytometry, RT-PCR, multiplex ELISA, microarray, and deep sequencing of the airway microbiome. Longitudinal study: 35 frequently exacerbating asthmatics: followed at 7 time-points during a naturally occurring cold. <h3>Results</h3> Contrary to initial hypotheses TH17 cell frequencies did not differ between health and any asthmatic phenotype, in any tissue compartment. TH2 cell frequencies were elevated in asthma in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) (ANOVA p=0.041) and markedly in bronchial biopsies (p=0.048), as expected[1]. BAL TH1 cell frequencies were also increased in asthma (p=0.01) as described[2], whilst TREG frequencies were lower in severe asthma (p=0.019). T<sub>H</sub>2 cytokines were increased in asthma in sputum (IL-5 p=0.005) and BAL (IL-5 p&lt;0.0001, IL-13 p=0.017), but IL-17 was elevated only in BAL in steroid-naive, mild asthmatics (ANOVA p=0.04) who were older (p=0.039). Longitudinal follow-up revealed no significant differences in T-cell frequencies during exacerbations, though sputum T<sub>H</sub>17 cells tended to increase (NS). We observed that frequencies of Vα7.2+CD161+ (MAIT) cells in blood are lower in asthma than in health (p=0.013), and correlated with severity in blood (p for linear trend &lt;0.0001), and sputum (p=0.018, Figure 1). This deficiency is specific to MAIT cells, and is not related to age or inhaled steroid therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A role for TH17 cells in asthma, particularly severe neutrophilic disease has been widely hypothesised, but is not supported by these data. High BAL IL-17 levels in older, steroid-naive, mild asthmatics may have a different cellular source. We describe a novel finding of deficient Vα7.2+CD161+ (MAIT) cells in severe asthma. <h3>References</h3> Robinson, DS, et al., Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Engl J Med, 1992. 326(5): p. 298–304. Krug, N, et al., T-cell cytokine profile evaluated at the single cell level in BAL and blood in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1996. 14(4): p. 319–26.
THE SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF MACROPHAGE PHAGOCYTIC RECEPTORS BY ANTI-MEMBRANE ANTIBODIES
Authors: Phillip Holland, Nancy H Holland, Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Rabbit antibodies were prepared against purified mouse macrophages, erythrocytes, and liver lysosomes. In the presence of complement each of these reagents was capable of lysing mouse erythrocytes and macrophages. In the absence of complement, all antisera agglutinated mouse erythrocytes and at high concentration produced a cytotoxic effect on macrophages. At IgG concentrations of 100 microg/ml, no morphological evidence of cytotoxicity was evident. These data suggest the presence of common antigens on the erythrocyte and macrophage plasma membrane. Anti-macrophage, anti-erythrocyte, and anti-lysosomal gamma-globulins and IgG, employed at subtoxic concentrations, all inhibited the attachment and ingestion of opsonized erythrocytes and mycoplasma. This occurred without significant reduction in the phagocytosis of polystyrene particles, formalinized erythrocytes, and yeast cell walls. Each of the anti-membrane IgG antibodies was capable of blocking the Fc receptor on the macrophage plasma membrane. Attachment to the macrophage membrane occurred by means of the Fab region. However, a role for the Fc portion of the molecule was suggested since pepsin-digested IgG was unable to block the receptor. Each of the IgG antibodies produced a partial blockade of the complement receptor and reduced the ingestion of EAC1,4,2,3 by approximately 50%.
Marker antigens to assess exposure to molds and their allergens.I. <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Authors: L. M. Wijnands, W. D. C. Deisz, F. M. Van Leusden
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Exposure to molds and mold products in the indoor environment may lead to allergies, asthma, or respiratory complaints in general. Enumeration of viable parts of molds in the environment is insufficient to estimate exposure. Therefore, other methods have to be developed.Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) was grown under various circumstances (22 degrees C and 30 degrees C, high and low water activity) in the laboratory. At various moments during culture, extracts were taken, and antigen and allergen content was examined by acrylamide electrophoresis and immunoblot.In extracts of the culture filtrate, two antigens were found to be produced under all studied growth conditions (common antigens). In the extracts of the water-soluble portion of the mycelium, one common antigen was found.The three common antigens may serve as marker antigens for exposure to Af and its products. In view of the simultaneous presence of two of these common antigens with Af allergens, these two marker antigens may be used to estimate exposure to allergens of Af.
Abstract 2307: DNA methylation as a reprogramming modulator: An epigenomic roadmap to induced pluripotency
Authors: Dong-Sung Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract During cellular reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), somatic cells rebuild their epigenetic architecture to acquire a steady self-renewing state. Here we systematically characterize the epigenomic roadmap to pluripotency by performing whole genome bisulfite sequencing of the “Project Grandiose” (PG) samples, along with analysis of histone modification and the transcriptome. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the DNA samples revealed that hypermethylated-DMRs (Hyper-DMRs) gradually accumulated throughout reprogramming whereas there was a distinct gain in hypomethylated-DMRs (Hypo-DMRs) once cells reached the ESC-like state. ESC-associated transcription factor binding sites (ESC-TFBSs) were highly enriched in the Hypo-DMR group. During high transgene expression, leading to the pluripotent F-class state, cells exhibited focal DNA demethylation at the binding sites of the activated reprogramming factors, whereas ESC-like pluripotent cells exhibited widespread demethylation surrounding these sites. Genes associated with CpG rich promoters demonstrated a stable low DNA methylation state with strong engagement of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 histone marks (histone modification-driven control). CpG poor promoter-related genes were repressed by DNA methylation, with transcriptional activity occurring upon promoter demethylation (DNA methylation-driven control). We further report that a proportion of genes proposed to be ESC-pluripotency predictors, including Dppa2, Eras, and Esrrb, are associated with CpG poor promoters and become transcriptionally activated upon DNA demethylation in ESC-like cells. Gene expression leading to ESC-like pluripotency is impacted and specifically orchestrated by dynamic changes of DNA methylation and histone modification. These results suggest that DNA methylation plays a crucial role within the epigenetic switch that drives somatic cells to pluripotency. Citation Format: Dong-Sung Lee. DNA methylation as a reprogramming modulator: An epigenomic roadmap to induced pluripotency. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2307. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2307
New Focus on 'Normal' LDL Levels May Allow Development of Cardiac Disease Risk Prediction
Authors: Karen Titus
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE 80-YEAR-OLD patient appeared to be at high risk for myocardial infarction. Diagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, the woman had a cholesterol level above 10.3 mmol/L (400 mg/dL)—and had for her entire life, as far as anyone knew. So what brought her to the hospital? "She was having cosmetic surgery on her ankles so she could fit into her ballet slippers again," recalled Michael S. Brown, MD. "She'd never had a heart attack in her life." On the other hand, noted Brown, a 1985 Nobel laureate who is professor of medical genetics at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, it's far from unusual "to see people with cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dL [5.2 mmol/L] having heart attacks." The enormous variations in cholesterol levels and their role in causing coronary artery disease were discussed during Brown's presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry/Canadian Society
Suffer the Little Children: The Battle Against Childhood Cancer
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This compact monograph written for the lay audience begins with the tale of two children—one who fights gallantly and dies, and the other who is living a full life 22 years after the diagnosis of leukemia. The successes and failures so common and yet mysterious to those who treat children with cancer appear as a number of vignettes throughout the text. The author gives the reader an over-view of the problem of childhood malignant disorders. Included are the statistical facts and a brief discussion of leukemia and common solid tumors. A succinct chapter graphically details the shock and disbelief of parents at the time of diagnosis. The discussion of the integrated therapy of radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery is balanced. The author repeatedly stresses that the chemotherapy combination is determined by the tumor and that all therapy is not alike. A reasoned denouncement of the use of amygdalin (laetrile) is made,
Presence of Two Members of c-erbA Receptor Gene Family (c-erbAbeta and c-erbA2) in Smallest Region of Somatic Homozygosity on Chromosome 3p21-p25 in Human Breast Carcinoma
Authors: I. U. Ali, R. Lidereau, R. Callahan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The loss of heterozygosity of genes on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) in human breast carcinomas occurs in a region involved in other malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma, lung cancers, and von Hippel-Lindau disease. This finding suggests the presence of a gene(s) that plays a crucial role in multiple cancers. In our study of 84 informative (heterozygous) primary breast tumors, 30% showed losses of heterozygosity on chromosome 3. The shortest region of homozygosity in primary human breast tumor is located between the DNF15S2 and RAF1 loci in the 3p21-p25 region on the short arm of chromosome 3. This region includes at least two members of the c-erbA steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family (c-erbA beta and c-erbA2) that may be of special relevance to breast cancer. Furthermore, tumors with a loss of heterozygosity of genes on chromosome 3 were previously reported to have frequent allelic deletions on chromosome 11p and amplification of the c-myc proto-oncogene. These results highlight the occurrence of multiple genetic alterations in breast tumors.
<i>BRAF</i>Mutation in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jolien Tol, Iris D Nagtegaal, Cornelis J A Punt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Moyamoya disease presents most often as a transient ischemic attack or stroke.Apart from surgical revascularization procedures, medical therapeutic measures such as antiplatelet agents and even anticoagulation have been used for stroke prevention.In completed stroke, as confirmed by means of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, antiplatelet agents should be administered to reduce the formation of microthrombi at the site of the stenosis.We would like to raise a question about thrombolytic therapy with the use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which is today an accepted treatment for ischemic strokes.The threat of hemorrhage from the fragile collateral vessels that develop as compensation for carotid artery stenosis might prevent application of this effective therapy.Have there been any reports about stroke in patients with moyamoya disease who were treated with t-PA, perhaps in patients in whom the diagnosis of the underlying vasculopathy was revealed subsequently?Should moyamoya disease be considered to be a contraindication for t-PA administration?
Maturation of neuromodulatory effect of substance P in rabbit airways.
Authors: D T Tanaka, M M Grunstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The maturation of the neuromodulatory action of substance P (SP) was investigated in tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) segments isolated from rabbits aged 2-24 wk. The tissues were placed in baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution and contracted with electrical field stimulation (ES) with ES frequencies ranging from 1 to 75 Hz. In tissues greater than 1 mo of age, the ES frequency-response relationships were progressively shifted in the presence of a maximally effective neuromodulatory SP dose (10(-7) M) such that by 24 wk of age the mean (+/- SEM) maximal tension (Tmax) significantly increased from 380.4 (+/- 41.9) to 502.3 (+/- 64.2) g/g TSM, and the corresponding mean (+/- SEM) log ES frequency producing 50% of Tmax (log ES50) significantly decreased from 1.209 (+/- 0.069) to 1.055 (+/- 0.046) Hz. By contrast, relative to methacholine, the direct contractile effects of SP did not significantly vary with age. In further analyzing the basis for the above age-related difference in the neuromodulatory action of SP, we found that the magnitude of SP-induced neuromodulation was highly correlated to the tissue's intrinsic sensitivity to ES. Indeed, after accounting for the tissue's sensitivity to ES, the effect of age alone on the magnitude of SP-induced neuromodulation was not statistically significant. These findings provide new evidence that: (a) SP-induced neuromodulation of acetylcholine release at the airway neuromuscular junction is significantly enhanced during postnatal development; and (b) that the latter age-dependent action of SP is based on a close coupling of the magnitude of SP-induced neuromodulation to the tissue's intrinsic sensitivity to neurally mediated contraction.
Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Hemorrhoidal Ligation: Two Different Devices with Similar Results
Authors: M.-Y. Su, S.-Y. Tung, C.-S. Wu, I.-S. Sheen, P.-C. Chen, C.-T. Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

To evaluate the efficacy of two different endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation (EHL) devices for symptomatic internal hemorrhoid.From November 2000 to February 2001, 218 consecutive patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids were enrolled. A total of 109 patients were treated with an EHL device 9 mm in diameter (group A); the rest were treated with a device 13 mm in diameter (group B). The patients' clinical presentations were rectal bleeding and prolapse. The severity of the hemorrhoid was classified using Goligher's grading.All patients were treated for one session, and were followed from 19 to 24 months (mean 22.4 months). The number of band ligations averaged 2.59 in group A and 1.68 in group B. Most patients had their hemorrhoids reduced by at least one grade (82.8 % in group A and 90.8 % in group B). Rectal bleeding was controlled in 108 patients (99.1 %) in group A and 109 patients (100 %) in group B, while rectal prolapse was reduced in 93 patients (85.3 %) in group A and 99 patients (90.8 %) in group B. Eleven patients in group A and 12 in group B experienced anal pain after treatment, and eight patients in group A and six in group B had mild bleeding. The patients' subjective satisfaction rates were 90.8 % in group A and 93.6 % in group B. The 1-year recurrence rates were 3.9 % in group A and 2.3 % in group B.Both EHL devices can effectively treat symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. A device with a smaller diameter requires more band ligations, but appears equivalent with regard to treatment outcome and complications.
P2-01-11: Fish Oil Targets miR-21 To Increase PTEN Expression for Inhibition of Bone Metastatic CSF-1 in Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: CC Mandal, T Ghosh-Choudhury, Choudhury G Ghosh, N Ghosh-Choudhury
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Current therapy for the breast cancer patients is aimed at treating the cancer mainly at the primary site with limited ability to block metastasis. We have recently shown that fish oil (FO) diet significantly prevents MDA MB-231 breast cancer cell (MDA) metastasis to bone in a mouse model. Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is one of major osteoclastogenic cytokines responsible for osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed significant inhibition of CSF-1 mRNA expression in fish oil fed mice xenograft tumor samples and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), two ω-3 fatty acids in fish oil, inhibited CSF-1 mRNA and protein expression in MDA cells. A positive correlation was observed between expression of CSF-1 and the bone metastatic potential of different breast cancer cells. We have demonstrated recently upregulation in PTEN expression by FO diet as a mechanism of breast tumor growth arrest in mice. Over expression of PTEN inhibited migration of MDA cells. PTEN is a negative regulator of PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling. We investigated the mechanism of CSF-1 expression by breast cancer cells. Cotransfection of the CSF-1 promoter-driven luciferase plasmid (CSF-1-Luc) in MDA with PTEN or dominant negative (DN) PI 3 kinase or DN Akt, inhibited the transcription of CSF-1, indicating requirement of PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling. Several oncogenic microRNAs including miR-21 have been shown to induce metastasis of cancer cells. Fish oil fed mice tumors and DHA- and EPA-treated MDA cells significantly blocked miR-21 expression in MDA. PTEN mRNA 3'UTR contains miR-21 recognition element. Over expression of miR-21 inhibited PTEN 3'UTR-Luc reporter activity but it was increased by downregulation of miR-21, indicating functional targeting of PTEN mRNA by miR-21 in MDA. Similarly, expression of either miR-21 or miR-21 Sponge (plasmid-coded anti-miR-21 sequences) in MDA significantly suppressed or increased PTEN protein, respectively. Moreover, DHA-increased PTEN expression is reversed by over expression of miR-21 indicating a critical regulation of PTEN by miR-21. miR-21 over expression increased migration of MDA cells and partially reversed DHA- or EPA-mediated inhibition of migration. Since PTEN regulates expression of CSF-1, we examined the involvement of miR-21. Expression of miR-21 enhanced while miR-21 Sponge reduced expression of CSF-1 mRNA and its transcription. Furthermore, DHA-inhibited CSF-1 mRNA expression is reversed by over expression of miR-21. Together these results uncover a novel function of fish oil, which beheads miR-21 signaling to dampen expression of CSF-1 thus preventing osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic lesions in breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-11.
Farinaceous Diet and Auto-Intoxication
Authors: Adolphe Combe
Journal: JAMA (1913)

to the bill, the opposition, has conic eh icily, as might be expected; from the "patent-medicine" interests, from the loan sharks, clairvoyants, those having fraudulent stock schemes, and others who feel that it will curtail or abolish their busi¬ ness, which, it would seem, would be a most desirable effect
Missense or splicing mutation? The case of a fibrinogen Bβ-chain mutation causing severe hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Rosanna Asselta, Stefano Duga, Silvia Spena, Flora Peyvandi, Giancarlo Castaman, Massimo Malcovati, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Maria Luisa Tenchini
Journal: Blood (2003)
Effect of temporary left ventricular assist (NOVACOR) system on cardiac hemodynamics, ventricular function capacity in chronic severe cardiac failure
Authors: Srinivas Murali, William P. Follansbee, Barry F. Uretsky, Robert L. Kormos, John M. Armitage, Roben L. Hardesty, P.Sudhakar Reddy, Bartley P. Griffith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
1168 RESPONSE GUIDED THERAPY BY PEGINTERFERON A2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 2
Authors: Y. Yamaguchi, A. Tamori, Y. Tanaka, S. Iwai, S. Kobayashi, H. Fujii, H. Morikawa, A. Hagihara, M. Enomoto, N. Kawada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)