tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What Folklore Psychotherapy Can Teach us
Authors: Carlos Alberto Seguin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Folklore psychiatry as the study of ideas, beliefs and practices concerning psychiatric conditions and their treatment maintained by popular tradition in 'occidental' cultures, is defined. Folklore psychiatry is differentiated from ethnopsychiatry, which concerns itself with psychiatry as practised in different cultures by the shaman or medicine-man, on the one hand, and on the other hand, from the study of the ways of the quack, the 'fake' and the humbugger. A series of studies undertaken at the Instituto Peruano de Estudios Psiquiátrico-Sociales (Peruvian Institute for Socio-Psychiatric Studies) are quoted and, from them, the possibility of outlining some of the factors being instrumental to the success of folklore therapy substantiated in many difficult cases. Among them, the use of practices like aversion therapy, the utilization of native plants and drugs unknown to our pharmacopoeia, etc., but, most important of all, the intuitive and very wise application of different psycho-therapeutic devices. Attention is especially paid to the use of many forms of group, patient-healer relationships, hypnosis and psychotherapy: family psychotherapy, psycho and sociodrama, community and social psychotherapy, etc. are commented upon. An example is offered reporting the treatment and cure of chronic alcoholism by native healers in the Northern coast of Peru. The need is emphasized to investigate these facts all over the world and the urgency to incorporate the knowledge of folklore psychiatry into the pregrade medical curriculum and especially into the residency programs of psychiatry.
Post-treatment Lumbar Puncture
Authors: James E. Allison
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Durack and Spanos (1982;248:75) on end-of-treatment spinal taps in bacterial meningitis is a persuasive demonstration of both the variability of spinal fluid findings after treatment and of the difficulty of using these findings to establish a "cure." However, there remains a rationale for continuing to perform these spinal taps. Frequently, within days to weeks of discharge, a patient returns with recurrent fever or other symptoms that suggest the possibility of relapse. At that time, spinal fluid findings may still be abnormal (in the absence of relapse). Without having the post-treatment measurements, evaluating these values is utterly impossible. On the other hand, knowing that abnormal values represent an improvement over immediate post-treatment values may be the only way to avoid an unnecessary readmission. Furthermore, faced with such a predicament, having a negative post-treatment culture is reassuring and, in my view, not at all unnecessary. Thus,
Prevalence of hypertension in Mexico City and San Antonio, Texas.
Authors: S Haffner, C González Villalpando, H P Hazuda, R Valdez, L Mykkänen, M Stern
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Few data are available on the prevalence of hypertension in Mexico. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the prevalence of mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure &gt; or = 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure &gt; or = 90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive medications) in 1500 low-income Mexican Americans who participated in the San Antonio Heart Study and 2280 low-income Mexicans who participated in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. The crude prevalence of mild hypertension was 17.1% in Mexican men versus 24.4% in Mexican American men (P = .001) and 17.4% in Mexican women versus 22.0% in Mexican American women (P = .005). After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), educational attainment, and percent native American genetic admixture (Caucasian and native American), the odds ratio (Mexico City/San Antonio) was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.39, 0.77; P &lt; .001) in men and 0.81 (CI, 0.54, 1.12; P = .201) in women. In a pooled model including both men and women, the odds ratio was 0.67 (95%, CI, 0.53, 0.84; P &lt; .001). In the pooled model, city, age, female sex, NIDDM, BMI, WHR, and low educational attainment were significantly related to the prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The causes for these differences in hypertension prevalence are not known but may reflect a less modernized lifestyle in Mexico City, including greater physical activity, less obesity, and the consumption of a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
Glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 is a susceptibility gene for occupational asthma induced by isocyanates
Authors: Cristina E. Mapp, Anthony A. Fryer, Nicoletta De Marzo, Valeria Pozzato, Michele Padoan, Piera Boschetto, Richard C. Strange, Anja Hemmingsen, Monica A. Spiteri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Therapy in a Highly Infiltrative Animal Model of Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Peter C. Huszthy, Dorota Goplen, Frits Thorsen, Heike Immervoll, Jian Wang, Anja Gutermann, Hrvoje Miletic, Rolf Bjerkvig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We have examined the spread and antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1–based vector (G207) in glioblastoma biopsy spheroids in vitro and in vivo after local delivery to corresponding intracranial xenografts. Spheroids from three patients were infected with increasing doses of G207 and transgene expression was quantified. Other infected spheroids were followed for 10 days to assess cytotoxic effects. For the in vivo study, spheroids were grafted intracerebrally into Rowett nude rats. The resulting highly infiltrative xenografts were injected with 3.4 × 106 plaque-forming units (penetration study) or 6.8 × 106 plaque-forming units (therapeutic study) of G207 using microprocessor-controlled stereotaxic delivery. Vector spread was tracked by histochemical staining. In the therapeutic study, tumor volumes were monitored weekly by magnetic resonance imaging, and survival data were collected. In vitro, lacZ expression was seen at the spheroid surfaces 24 h postinfection, whereas the spheroid cores were transgene positive after 96 h. Cytotoxic susceptibility varied between the patients, showing a 36% to 95% lysis 10 days postinfection. Local delivery of G207 into intracranial xenografts resulted in extensive vector spread throughout the lesions. In the therapeutic study, G207 application reduced tumor volumes compared with controls, but did not significantly improve survival of the animals. Histologic analysis revealed infection of host structures such as the ventricular and choroid plexus ependyma. In conclusion, G207 replicates in patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme xenografts and tumor volumes are reduced after intratumoral delivery; however, the survival data suggest that the therapeutic effect could be improved by repeated vector application or through combination with other treatment modalities.
Comment on: Rayner et al. Stomach Bugs and Diabetes: An Astounding Observation or Just Confounding? Diabetes Care 2012;35:463–464
Authors: Christie Y. Jeon, Allison E. Aiello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We read the commentary by Rayner, Talley, and Horowitz (1) with much interest, since it raised the possibility of confounding by sociodemographic factors in our findings. We would like to clarify that our study on elderly Latinos (2) controlled for potential confounding of the relationship between chronic infections and diabetes by sociodemographic factors. We controlled for age, sex, and education level, which is an important maker of socioeconomic status in elderly whose income may not necessarily reflect wealth postretirement. Rayner, Talley, and Horowitz point to …
Aromatase activity in adipose tissue from breast quadrants: a link with tumour site
Authors: J. S O'Neill, R. A Elton, W. R Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To determine the importance of local oestrogen biosynthesis within the breast, aromatase activity was measured in adipose tissue from the breast quadrants of 12 consecutive mastectomies from patients with breast cancer. Activity was detected in all samples (range 3·6-35·0 fmol oestrogen/mg protein/h) but varied considerably not only among different patients but also among the quadrants of individual breasts. The highest activity in a breast was always found in a quadrant that contained tumour, whereas quadrants with the lowest activity were never associated with the presence of tumour. These results provide evidence of a significant relation between breast adipose tissue and breast cancer. Whether such an association occurs because breast tumours are more likely to develop in areas with enhanced oestrogen biosynthesis or because they secrete into their local environment factors capable of stimulating oestrogen biosynthesis remains to be determined.
Determinants of Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in an Urban Population
Authors: Julie B. Herbstman, Andreas Sjödin, Benjamin J. Apelberg, Frank R. Witter, Donald G. Patterson, Rolf U. Halden, Richard S. Jones, Annie Park, Yalin Zhang, Jochen Heidler, Larry L. Needham, Lynn R. Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundRecent studies have reported blood levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the U.S. population. Information about neonatal levels and about the relationship to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposures is limited.ObjectivesThe objective was to characterize levels and determinants of fetal exposure to PBDEs and PCBs among newborns from Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsWe analyzed umbilical cord blood for eight PBDEs and 35 PCBs from infants delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Maternal and infant characteristics were abstracted from medical records.ResultsNinety-four percent of cord serum samples had quantifiable levels of at least one PBDE congener, and > 99% had at least one detectable PCB congener. PBDE concentrations in cord blood were similar to those reported in other studies from North America. Strong correlations were observed within but not across PCB and PBDE classes. Multivariate models showed that many factors independently predicted exposure to BDE-47, BDE-100, and BDE-153 and CB-118, CB-138/158, CB-153, and CB-180. Generally, infants of Asian mothers had lower PBDE and PCB levels, and infants of smokers had higher levels. Increased maternal body mass index was associated with lower levels of PCBs but not PBDEs. Levels of PCBs but not PBDEs were lower in births from married and multiparous mothers. Increased maternal age was associated with higher PCB levels but lower PBDE levels.ConclusionsAlthough many of the factors we investigated were independent predictors of both PBDE and PCB levels, in some cases the direction of associations was different. More research is needed to better understand the sources and pathways of PBDE exposure.
Accidental Injuries to Children
Authors: R. Gerald Rice, George W. Starbuck, Robert B. Reed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE great advances in medical science have markedly changed the spectrum of conditions affecting the life and happiness of children. With the control of infantile diarrhea, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pneumonia and other conditions, the problem of accidental injury and death has come to the fore. Accidents are now the chief cause of death in children from one through sixteen years of age. In spite of the fact that this has frequently been called to their attention, physicians are still under the influence of the past and tend to dramatize epidemic disease and close their eyes to the greatest killer.In 1955 . . .
Pathogenesis of Myelofibrosis With Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The primary disease process in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is clonal myeloproliferation with varying degrees of phenotypic differentiation. This is characteristically accompanied by secondary intramedullary collagen fibrosis, osteosclerosis, angiogenesis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Modern clonality studies have confirmed the multipotent stem-cell origin of the neoplastic process in MMM. The nature of the specific oncogenic mutation(s) is currently being unraveled with the recent discovery of an association between a somatic point mutation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase (V617F) and bcr/abl-negative myeloproliferative disorders, including MMM. The pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie the secondary bone marrow stromal changes in MMM are also incompletely understood. Mouse models of this latter disease aspect have been constructed by either in vivo overexpression of thrombopoietin (TPO high mice) or megakaryocyte lineage restricted underexpression of the transcription factor GATA-1 (GATA-1 low mice). Gene knockout experiments using such animal models have suggested the essential role of hematopoietic cell-derived transforming growth factor beta1 in inducing bone marrow fibrosis and stromal cell–derived osteoprotegerin in promoting osteosclerosis. However, experimental myelofibrosis in mice does not recapitulate clonal myeloproliferation that is fundamental to human MMM. Other cytokines that are implicated in mediating myelofibrosis and angiogenesis in MMM include basic fibroblast, platelet-derived, and vascular endothelial growth factors. It is currently assumed that such cytokines are abnormally released from clonal megakaryocytes as a result of a pathologic interaction with neutrophils (eg, emperipolesis). This latter phenomenon, through neutrophil-derived elastase, could also underlie the abnormal peripheral-blood egress of myeloid progenitors in MMM.
Do we need specialist adolescent units in hospitals?
Authors: A. Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers p 957 

If you were an adolescent aged 12–19 and you needed to be admitted to hospital would you want to be admitted to a paediatric unit with young children, an adult ward, or a separate unit just for adolescents? And if the last was your choice, what arguments would you put forward to justify it? A paper in this week's issue puts forward several.

One argument for separate adolescent wards is that professionals skilled in the care of young people create a “therapeutic environment” that might be especially beneficial. However, this is difficult to prove and no one has undertaken a controlled study to identify such an impact. Most obviously it could be argued that properly organised adolescent units provide for the specific developmental needs of those in the second decade of life—schooling, recreation, socialising—as well as …
A 74-Year-Old Man With Memory Loss and Neuropathy Who Enjoys Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: John C. M. Brust
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Adverse effects of alcohol on the peripheral and central nervous system can be direct (ie, neurotoxicity) or indirect (eg, nutritional deficiency). Using the case of Mr E, an older, moderate to heavy drinker experiencing memory difficulty, the diagnostic considerations, which include mild cognitive impairment, early Alzheimer dementia, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and "alcoholic dementia," are discussed. These disorders are not mutually exclusive, and in a patient with either mild cognitive impairment or dementia, the contributory role of alcohol can be difficult to determine. In fact, epidemiological studies suggest that mild to moderate intake of alcohol actually reduces the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia, including Alzheimer dementia. Appropriate management includes measures to reduce alcohol dependence (eg, behavioral or pharmacological therapy) and to delay progression of the cognitive impairment (eg, engaging in healthy behaviors such as cognitive leisure activities).
Skeletal myogenic differentiation of urine-derived stem cells and angiogenesis using microbeads loaded with growth factors
Authors: Guihua Liu, Rajesh A. Pareta, Rongpei Wu, Yingai Shi, Xiaobo Zhou, Hong Liu, Chunhua Deng, Xiangzhou Sun, Anthony Atala, Emmanuel C. Opara, Yuanyuan Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
A Direct Role for NKG2D/MICA Interaction in Villous Atrophy during Celiac Disease
Authors: Sophie Hüe, Jean-Jacques Mention, Renato C. Monteiro, ShaoLing Zhang, Christophe Cellier, Jacques Schmitz, Virginie Verkarre, Nassima Fodil, Seiamak Bahram, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, Sophie Caillat-Zucman
Journal: Immunity (2004)
"STUDIES ON ISO-AGGLUTININS IN THE BLOOD OF THE NEW-BORN"
Authors: W. M. Happ
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —In an article under this title inThe Journal, Nov. 24, 1923, Dr. de Biasi made several statements regarding the use of mother's blood in the transfusion of new-born infants, which, we feel, require corroboration. He says:  Mothers may act as donors for their new-born infants without compatibility tests for agglutination and hemolysis.  If this is true, either the infant is a universal recipient and can be transfused without preliminary tests not only from his mother but from any individual, or the iso-agglutinins and the isohemolysins in the infant's serum are absent or not fully established. Other observers have noted cross agglutination of mother's and infant's blood.  Untoward results may occur when the blood of a mother is transfused into the infant if the two individuals are of incompatible groups, when, first, the agglutinins in the serum of the mother be unusually strong in titer, which is
The Increase of Childhood Chronic Conditions in the United States
Authors: James M. Perrin, Sheila R. Bloom, Steven L. Gortmaker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Woldemar Mobitz and His 1924 Classification of Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Mark E. Silverman, Charles B. Upshaw, Helmut W. Lange
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Woldemar Mobitz, an early 20th century German internist, analyzed arrhythmias by graphing the relationship of changing atrial rates and premature beats to AV conduction. Through an astute mathematical approach, he was able to classify second-degree atrioventricular block into 2 types, subsequently referred to as Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) and Mobitz type II (Hay). Type I AV block was most often due to digitalis and was reversible. There were no associated pathological findings. Type II AV block frequently progressed to complete AV block and was associated with seizures, death, and pathological findings.
Abnormal Uptake of Tc-99m HIG in Hematomas
Authors: J KUYVENHOVEN, J De RYCKE, R CROMBEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A Tc-99m human immunoglobulin (HIG) scan was performed in a 37-year-old woman who was suspected of having osteomyelitis at the site of a right knee prosthesis. Early and delayed images were suggestive of synovial reaction to prosthesis material. Multiple superficial spots mimicking urinary contamination were visible on both upper legs. They corresponded with sites of hematomas caused by intramuscular injection of an analgesic 3–6 days before administration of Tc-99m HIG. Laboratory evaluation revealed no coagulation disorder, and the hematomas disappeared within 2 weeks without clinical evidence of inflammation. The authors conclude that Tc-99m HIG can show increased uptake in pre-existing hematomas without clinical evidence of inflammation.
Solid formulation of cell-penetrating peptide nanocomplexes with siRNA and their stability in simulated gastric conditions
Authors: Kariem Ezzat, Eman M. Zaghloul, Samir EL Andaloussi, Taavi Lehto, Ramy El-Sayed, Tarek Magdy, C.I. Edvard Smith, Ülo Langel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Ablative therapy for liver tumours
Authors: E A Dick
Journal: Gut (2002)

Established ablative therapies for the treatment of primary and secondary liver tumours, including percutaneous ethanol injection, cryotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, are discussed. Newer techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging guided laser interstitial thermal therapy of liver tumours has produced a median survival rate of 40.8 months after treatment. The merits of this newly emerging technique are discussed, together with future developments, such as focused ultrasound therapy, which holds the promise of non-invasive thermoablation treatment on an outpatient basis.
Detection of precore hepatitis B virus mutants in asymptomatic HBsAg-positive family members
Authors: Ulus Salih Akarca, Sheila Greene, Anna Suk Fong Lok
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Precore hepatitis B virus mutants have been detected mainly in HBeAg-negative patients with active liver disease. We previously reported two novel mutations: M1 (C-to-T change at nucleotide 1856 [proser at codon 15]) and M3 (G-to-A change at nucleotide 1898 [gly-ser at codon 29]) in addition to two well-described mutations: M2 (G-to-A change at nucleotide 1896 [trp-stop at codon 28]); and M4 (G-to-A change at nucleotide 1899 [gly-asp at codon 29]) in Chinese patients. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the prevalence of precore HBV mutations in asymptomatic carriers and (b) whether family members share the same mutated sequence as the index patients. Fifty-three index patients and 89 HBsAg-positive family members were studied by means of direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified hepatitis B virus DNA. M0, a conserved mutation (T-to-C at nucleotide 1858, codon 15), was detected in 81% and 12% family members of index patients with and without M0, respectively (p < 0.0001). The clustering of M0 indicates that most subjects were infected through intrafamilial transmission. M1 was detected in all the family members of patients with M1 but in none of the family members of patients with wild-type or M2 sequences (p < 0.0001). M2 was detected in 25%, 0% and 15% of family members of patients with M2, M1 and WT sequences, respectively (p = 0.19). M3 was detected in five and M4 in four family members.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)