tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association analysis in East Asians identifies breast cancer susceptibility loci at 1q32.1, 5q14.3 and 15q26.1
Authors: Qiuyin Cai, Ben Zhang, Hyuna Sung, Siew-Kee Low, Sun-Seog Kweon, Wei Lu, Jiajun Shi, Jirong Long, Wanqing Wen, Ji-Yeob Choi, Dong-Young Noh, Chen-Yang Shen, Keitaro Matsuo, Soo-Hwang Teo, Mi Kyung Kim, Ui Soon Khoo, Motoki Iwasaki, Mikael Hartman, Atsushi Takahashi, Kyota Ashikawa, Koichi Matsuda, Min-Ho Shin, Min Ho Park, Ying Zheng, Yong-Bing Xiang, Bu-Tian Ji, Sue K Park, Pei-Ei Wu, Chia-Ni Hsiung, Hidemi Ito, Yoshio Kasuga, Peter Kang, Shivaani Mariapun, Sei Hyun Ahn, Han Sung Kang, Kelvin Y K Chan, Ellen P S Man, Hiroji Iwata, Shoichiro Tsugane, Hui Miao, Jiemin Liao, Yusuke Nakamura, Michiaki Kubo, Ryan J Delahanty, Yanfeng Zhang, Bingshan Li, Chun Li, Yu-Tang Gao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Daehee Kang, Wei Zheng
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Southern Sudan remains "mired in a worsening medical and humanitarian crisis"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As Sudan prepares to celebrate the fifth anniversary of an increasingly precarious peace deal, its health services are still unable to reach more than a quarter of the population and are incapable of adequately responding to the needs of victims of violence, warns the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres.

In its latest report, released on 14 December, the charity said that over the past year “there has been a disturbing escalation in violent clashes across Southern Sudan, from attacks by [Ugandan] rebel group the Lord’s Resistance Army in the Equatoria States to the so called ‘tribal clashes’ in Upper Nile, Jonglei, Lakes and Central Equatoria States.”

The intensity and targeted nature of the violence “represents something more than inter-tribal cattle rustling” …
Clinical applications of transient elastography
Authors: Kyu Sik Jung, Seung Up Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Chronic liver disease represents a major public health problem, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As prognosis and management depend mainly on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis, accurate quantification of liver fibrosis is essential for therapeutic decision-making and follow-up of chronic liver diseases. Even though liver biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation of liver fibrosis, non-invasive methods that could substitute for invasive procedures have been investigated during past decades. Transient elastography (TE, FibroScan®) is a novel non-invasive method for assessment of liver fibrosis with chronic liver disease. TE can be performed in the outpatient clinic with immediate results and excellent reproducibility. Its diagnostic accuracy for assessment of liver fibrosis has been demonstrated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis; as a result, unnecessary liver biopsy could be avoided in some patients. Moreover, due to its excellent patient acceptance, TE could be used for monitoring disease progression or predicting development of liver-related complications. This review aims at discussing the usefulness of TE in clinical practice. Keywords: Chronic liver disease; Cirrhosis; Decompensation; Fibroscan; Fibrosis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver stiffness measurement; Transient elastography
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin defends against depressive symptoms of chronic stress
Authors: Michael Lutter, Ichiro Sakata, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Sherry A Rovinsky, Jason G Anderson, Saendy Jung, Shari Birnbaum, Masashi Yanagisawa, Joel K Elmquist, Eric J Nestler, Jeffrey M Zigman
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
HAWAII AS A FIELD FOR SCIENTIFIC WORK IN TROPICAL MEDICINE.
Authors: E. S. GOODHUE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In an address before the New York Pathological Society, Dr. Flexner, president of the Rockefeller Institute, speaking of dysentery, said: The attempt to establish a common etiologic factor for all cases of dysentery has thus far failed.... Given a disease that is never entirely absent from tropical regions, that appears with epidemic severity, that permits easy access to the<i>materies morbi</i>, one would certainly have been tempted to predict that the success achieved in so many apparently less difficult fields would probably be repeated.... Our imperfect knowledge of dysentery should be ascribed neither to lack of opportunity for the study of the disease nor to lack of energy in the pursuit. After close acquaintance with the disease in the Philippines, Dr. Richard T. Strong recognizes two different forms on which he bases a careful report, from which I quote: Owing to the great frequency of dysentery in the Philippines our
Bacterial Interference in Chick Embryos*
Authors: John C. Ribble, Henry R. Shinefield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Chick embryos infected intra-allantoically with nonvirulent staphylococci are protected from death due to infection with virulent staphylococci. The protection is associated with a delay in growth of the challenge strain and a delay in the production of toxic substances in the allantoic fluid. The protection is influenced by the number of bacteria in the protecting and challenge inocula and by the interval between the administration of the protecting and challenge strains. Protection cannot be transferred by administration of sterile filtrates of allantoic fluid in which the protecting strain has grown.
A COMPARISON OF TWO PHENOTHIAZINES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: M. DIERKS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Consecutive evaluations of trifluoperazine and thioridazine were performed in 109 hospitalized schizophrenics. The same degree of tranquilizing effect was obtained with both drugs in 104 patients. Extrapyramidal symptoms were induced by thioridazine in 1 patient and by trifluoperazine in 79 patients and were controlled by the addition of benztropine. This study has demonstrated that thioridazine is an affective agent relatively free of extrapyramidal symptoms and that the latter are not required for a drug to be an efficient tranquilizer. In addition, treatment with thioridazine alone required fewer tablets per day and resulted in greater economy as well as increased assurance of drug intake and patient cooperation.
Comment on: Pantalone et al. The Risk of Overall Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Glipizide, Glyburide, or Glimepiride Monotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1224–1229
Authors: Mykola D. Khalangot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

In the article by Pantalone et al. (1), the authors did not identify an increased total mortality risk among individual sulfonylureas (SUs)—glibenclamide versus glimepiride or glipizide—but did suggest that glimepiride may be the preferred SU in patients with history of coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors found that in a retrospective cohort of patients with CAD, the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in the subgroup of glibenclamide versus glimepiride was 1.36 (95% CI 0.96–1.91); P = 0.081.

Pantalone et al. refer to our assessment of total and cardiovascular mortality HRs in patients treated with gliclazide versus glibenclamide (0.33 [95% CI 0.26–0.41] and 0.29 [0.21–0.38], respectively; P < 0.001) …
Emergency Contraception — Expanding Opportunities for Primary Prevention
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Unintended pregnancies are endemic in the United States, and the costs are huge.1 The traditional approach to this problem has been primary prevention (contraception), backed up by secondary prevention (induced abortion). For decades, emergency contraception has been ignored as a method of primary prevention.Although most U.S. obstetricians and gynecologists are aware of emergency contraception, they prescribe it infrequently. Only 1 percent of women in the United States report ever having used emergency contraception.2 In contrast, each year 2 to 3 percent of women of reproductive age have an induced abortion. Thus, the cumulative number of women who have had . . .
The BCL2 Family: Key Mediators of the Apoptotic Response to Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Aaron N. Hata, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Anthony C. Faber
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract The ability of cancer cells to suppress apoptosis is critical for carcinogenesis. The BCL2 family proteins comprise the sentinel network that regulates the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptotic response. Recent advances in our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways have enabled methods to identify cancers that are “primed” to undergo apoptosis, and have revealed potential biomarkers that may predict which cancers will undergo apoptosis in response to specific therapies. Complementary efforts have focused on developing novel drugs that directly target antiapoptotic BCL2 family proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of BCL2 family members in cancer development and response to therapy, focusing on targeted therapeutics, recent progress in the development of apoptotic biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies designed to overcome deficiencies in apoptosis. Significance: Apoptosis, long known to be important for response to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, has more recently been shown to be essential for the efficacy of targeted therapies. Approaches that increase the likelihood of a cancer to undergo apoptosis following therapy may help improve targeted treatment strategies. Cancer Discov; 5(5); 475–87. ©2015 AACR.
Restoration of Coronary Flow in Myocardial Infarction by Intravenous Chimeric 7E3 Antibody Without Exogenous Plasminogen Activators
Authors: Herman K. Gold, Harry D. Garabedian, Robert E. Dinsmore, Luis J. Guerrero, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Igor F. Palacios, Robert C. Leinbach
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Coronary thrombus is composed of platelets and fibrin, and during thrombolytic treatment, reflow may be slowed by platelet deposition. It may be possible to initiate coronary reflow without exogenous plasminogen activators by blocking platelet aggregation while fibrin generation is impeded with heparin. Methods and Results In 14 dogs, left anterior descending coronary artery thrombosis was produced by endothelial trauma and thrombin instillation in the presence of stenosis distally. Reflow was monitored by flow probe during treatment with (1) heparin, (2) heparin and aspirin, and (3) heparin, aspirin, and intravenous 7E3. Eighty percent of dogs treated with the third combination showed stable reflow (≥25% of prestenotic flow) in 50±9 minutes. In addition, 13 patients were studied during intravenous administration of c7E3 10 minutes before primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 0 or 1 flow. Pretreatment included heparin and oral aspirin. Flow increased during a 10-minute period by at least one TIMI grade in 11 (85%) of 13 and reached TIMI grade 2 or 3 in 7 (54%) of 13 patients. Average TIMI grade flow increased from 0.31±0.5 to 1.54±0.8 ( P &lt;.001). Thrombus length 10 minutes after c7E3 was 5.1±3.5 mm. All but 1 patient then underwent angioplasty. There were no complications. Conclusions Coronary reflow can be initiated by intravenous 7E3 administration in the presence of heparin and aspirin. In human patients, this flow can be observed in 10 minutes without exogenous thrombolytic agents.
The Ecology of Malnutrition
Authors: Jacques M. May
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Food shortages and increased population are two major issues today. The severe consequences of improper nutrition affect both the growth of man and the orderly development of societies. The relationship between food supply, nutrition, geography, and tradition is discussed in a series of volumes describing "the ecology of malnutrition," sponsored by the US Army Research Office. Examples are drawn from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A blueprint for food and nutrition programs emphasizes the interdependence of health, agriculture, industry, education, and research in combating malnutrition.
Use of a nanoporous biodegradable miniature device to regulate cytokine release for cancer treatment
Authors: Hongyan He, Valerie Grignol, Volodymyr Karpa, Chi Yen, Krista LaPerle, Xiaoli Zhang, Natalie B. Jones, Margaret I. Liang, Gregory B. Lesinski, W.S. Winston Ho, William E. Carson, L. James Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Comparison of Efficacy of Human and Porcine Insulin in Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Fred E M G Storms, Jos A Lutterman, Albert van't Laar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The efficacy of semisynthetic human insulin (HI) and monocomponent porcine insulin (PI) in treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was compared in 10 (PI) and 11 (HI) patients in a double-blind randomized study. Insulin (8 U/h i.v.), fluid replacement (0.65% NaCl and 5% glucose), and KCl supplements were administered according to a fixed protocol. Glucose, potassium, sodium, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and free-insulin concentrations were never significantly different during the study. At the start, mean ± SD of pH was 7.10 ± 0.14 in the HI group and 7.10 ± 0.12 in the PI group. The time to reach arbitrary values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and β-hydroxybutyrate was shorter during HI treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant. During HI treatment, the arbitrary value of 1.0 mM of acetoacetate was reached faster than during PI treatment (5.2 ± 2.6 and 8.4 ± 0.9 h, respectively; P &amp;lt; .05). The concentration of acetoacetate was significantly different between the two groups after 6 and 7 h of insulin treatment (6 h: HI 0.82 ± 0.50 mM and PI 2.19 ± 1.65 mM, P &amp;lt; .05; 7 h: HI 0.51 ± 0.40 mM and PI 1.74 ± 1.54 mM, P = .05). We conclude that recovery from DKA during treatment with HI might be slightly faster than during treatment with PI. If this difference is real, it does not seem clinically important.
912-45 Is the Site of Atrial Lead Implantation in Dual Chamber Pacing of Importance for Preventing Atrial Fibrillation? The Hidden Benefits of Lead Implantation in the Right Atrial Appendix
Authors: Karlheinz Seidl, Bernd Hauer, Nicola Schwick, Thomas Büchele, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Hydroxycarbamide-induced changes in E/beta thalassemia red blood cells
Authors: Sylvia T. Singer, Elliott P. Vichinsky, Sandra Larkin, Nancy Olivieri, Nancy Sweeters, Frans A. Kuypers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

In thalassemia, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) augmentation with hydroxycarbamide (also known as hydroxyurea) is not always successful. The expected parallel effects on red cell (RBC) membrane deformability, cell hydration, and membrane phospholipid organization, all important for extending RBC life span and increasing Hb, have been infrequently examined. We analyzed these characteristics in 15 nontransfused E/beta(0) thalassemia patients treated with HU (mean 10.2 months). Membrane deformability and cell hydration mildly improved in association with increased HbF levels approaching statistical significance (r = 0.51, P = 0.06). All measures improved considerably in splenctomized patients. These findings underscore the disappointing results of hydroxyurea treatment in clinical trials and the importance of examining the effect on RBC characteristics for the development and understanding of HbF-enhancing agents.
Abstract 1069: Clinicopathological significance of CARD10 alterations in Middle Eastern colorectal cancer
Authors: Jehad Abubaker, Prashant Bavi, Zeenath Jehan, Maqbool Ahmed, Wael Al-Haqawi, Mehar Sultana, Sarita Prabhakaran, Nasser Al-Sanea, Alaa Abduljabbar, Luai H. Ashari, Samar Alhomoud, Fouad Al-Dayel, Shahab Uddin, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The incidence of Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) in Saudi Arabia is rising and CRC is among the top 3 Saudi cancers in both men and women. NF-κB gene plays a role in tumorgenesis through the transcriptional activation of genes associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor promotion, inflammation and suppression of apoptosis. NF-κB protein activation, defined as nuclear expression of NF-kB by immunohistochemistry was seen in 43.2% (164/380) CRC and was an independent prognostic marker for poor survival. CARD10 and A20 genes are known positive and negative regulators of the NF-kB activation pathway and can activate the NF-kB activity. CARD10 is an enzyme that is encoded by the CARD10 gene and it associates with IKK complex resulting in NF-κB activation. CARD11 which shares a high degree of structure, domain and functional homology to CARD10 is oncogenic in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and results in activation of NF-κB. Considering the potential therapeutic utility of targeting NF-kB and its key modulators, we studied CARD10 genetic alterations (mutations and amplifications) and immunohistochemical expression of CARD10 in over 300 CRC cases and 13 colon cell lines. We detected missense mutations in 5.2 % (15/288) and 2 colon cell lines. Our results showed that CARD10 protein is widely expressed in CRC (67.7%) and expression levels of CARD10 progressively increase from normal colorectal mucosa to pre-malignant colorectal adenomas to CRC. CARD10 protein expression associated significantly with NF-KB activation (P = 0.0313). Interestingly, there was a mutual exclusivity between CARD10 protein overexpression and A20 loss of expression which might suggest that NFKB can be activated by alteration in one of these genes in CRC. Furthermore, CARD10 amplification (15.3%) was significantly associated with CARD10 protein expression and presence of distance metastasis (p=0.0487) Interestingly CARD10 mutations were detected in 21.4% of MSI CRC and only 78.6% of MSS CRC (p=0.0251), suggesting that CARD10 mutations play a role in both subsets of CRC but might represent more important oncogenic event for the development/progression of MSI CRC than MSS CRC. Our study highlights for the first time the role of CARD10 protein overexpression as a novel mechanism for NF-kB activation and demonstrates clinico-pathological significance of CARD10 alterations in Middle Eastern CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1069
Breast cancer on the world wide web: cross sectional survey of quality of information and popularity of websites
Authors: F. Meric
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To determine the characteristics of popular breast cancer related websites and whether more popular sites are of higher quality.The search engine Google was used to generate a list of websites about breast cancer. Google ranks search results by measures of link popularity---the number of links to a site from other sites. The top 200 sites returned in response to the query "breast cancer" were divided into "more popular" and "less popular" subgroups by three different measures of link popularity: Google rank and number of links reported independently by Google and by AltaVista (another search engine).Type and quality of content.More popular sites according to Google rank were more likely than less popular ones to contain information on ongoing clinical trials (27% v 12%, P=0.01 ), results of trials (12% v 3%, P=0.02), and opportunities for psychosocial adjustment (48% v 23%, P<0.01). These characteristics were also associated with higher number of links as reported by Google and AltaVista. More popular sites by number of linking sites were also more likely to provide updates on other breast cancer research, information on legislation and advocacy, and a message board service. Measures of quality such as display of authorship, attribution or references, currency of information, and disclosure did not differ between groups.Popularity of websites is associated with type rather than quality of content. Sites that include content correlated with popularity may best meet the public's desire for information about breast cancer.
Fundamentals of microbiology.
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The fact that this book is now in its seventh edition attests to its popularity and wide acceptance. The preface to this new edition indicates so excellently the scope of the volume that we cannot help but quote it at length. "The serious student of microbiology today finds many beautiful and fascinating avenues open to him. To travel them most intelligently and profitably he requires 'maps' based on a working knowledge of general biology and elementary physics and sufficient familiarity with chemistry.... To aid such students the present edition of this book aims to present as clearly and concisely as possible the basic ideas of the major aspects of microbiology. A course based on such a book is analogous to a two-month's conducted tour of all Europe. It gives the 'tourist' a broad, unspecialized but essential knowledge of what is to be seen and more important, of how and where
Gallium Nitrate for Treatment of Refractory Hypercalcemia from Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: RAYMOND P. WARRELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Intractable hypercalcemia is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Because gallium nitrate previously was shown to inhibit the bone resorptive activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitro, we used it to treat two patients with parathyroid carcinoma and resistant hypercalcemia. In both patients, total serum calcium levels were reduced from initial values of 3.62 and 3.77 mmol/L to posttreatment values of 2.32 and 1.45 mmol/L, respectively. Urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline also declined significantly. Serum PTH levels were lower in both patients after therapy, although all levels remained markedly elevated. Nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate and tubular reabsorption of phosphate remained unchanged. These data indicate that treatment with gallium nitrate can control hypercalcemia in patients with high circulating levels of PTH. Gallium nitrate antagonizes the bone resorptive activity of PTH without altering renal effects of the hormone.
Effect of Intravascular Isotope Content on the Isotopic Determination of Coronary Collateral Blood Flow
Authors: COLIN M. BLOOR, LATHROP E. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Simultaneous determinations of myocardial blood volume (using I 131 -PVP), myocardial blood flow (using H 3 2 O), and coronary collateral myocardial blood flow (using retrograde flow) were made in dogs after left circumflex artery ligation. Intravascular H 3 2 O content at the end of the H 3 2 O infusion was calculated as the product of myocardial blood volume and the final arterial H 3 2 O concentration. When correction is made for intravascular H 3 2 O content the resulting flow measured by H 3 2 O is nearly identical to the retrograde flow. These results indicate that radioactive isotopes can be used to measure blood flow if correction is made for the intravascular isotope content. The identity of corrected H 3 2 O flows with retrograde flows also indicates the applicability of isotopic methods for the measurement of coronary collateral blood flow.
Sex-Determining Genes and the Y-Chromosome
Authors: Aubrey Milunsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Possession of the Y-chromosome is usually linked with male phenotypic expression. Rarely, however, in the apparent absence of Y-chromosomes in all tissues examined, and with a 46 XX karyotype, a male phenotype is observed.1 Moreover, a female phenotype may be observed with a 46 XY karyotype.2 Typically, the general appearance and psychosexual orientation of the XX individuals is male. Many of their features —clinical, hormonal and histologic — are almost indistinguishable from those found in Klinefelter's syndrome. In particular, gynecomastia is frequent, deficient Leydig-cell function the rule, and testicular tubules hyalinized, fibrosed and lacking spermatogonia. Clinically, the XX males may . . .