tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of traditional coronary risk factors on rates of incident coronary events in a low-risk population. The Adventist Health Study.
Authors: G E Fraser, T M Strahan, J Sabaté, W L Beeson, D Kissinger
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND California Seventh-Day Adventists have lower mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) than other Californians. Associations between traditional risk factor and CHD events have not been reported previously for Adventists. METHODS AND RESULTS A cohort study allowed 6 years of follow-up of 27,658 male and female California Seventh-Day Adventists. Data collected included age, sex, physician-diagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus, body height, weight, previous and current cigarette smoking habits, and current exercise habits. Incident cases of definite myocardial infarction (MI) and definite fatal CHD were diagnosed according to recognized criteria. Both stratified and proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that in this low-risk population, the above traditional coronary risk factors exhibit their usual associations with risk of CHD events. It was noted that exercise had a strong negative association with fatal CHD events (relative risks [RR], 1.0, 0.66, and 0.50 with increasing exercise) but no association with risk of MI (either nonfatal or all cases). Conversely, obesity was much more clearly associated with MI (RR, 1.0, 1.18, and 1.83 with increasing tertiles of obesity) than with fatal events. The importance of the risk factors was similar in both sexes, except that the effect of cigarette smoking seemed more pronounced in women. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of coronary heart disease in this low-risk California population appears to be at least qualitatively similar to that seen in other groups. There was evidence that the effects of exercise and obesity may differ depending on whether fatal CHD and MI (either all MI or nonfatal alone) is the end point.
MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS INFECTION..
Authors: JOHN H. S. PETTIT, NYVEN J. MARCHETTE, R. J. W. REES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS INFECTION.: Clinical and Bacteriological Study of the First Cases Recognized in South East Asia. Get access JOHN H. S. PETTIT, M.D., M.R.C.P., JOHN H. S. PETTIT, M.D., M.R.C.P. The Research Unit, Sungei Buloh Leprosarium, Selangor, Malaysia, and National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W.7 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar NYVEN J. MARCHETTE, Ph. D., NYVEN J. MARCHETTE, Ph. D. Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. J. W. REES, M.B., B.Sc, F.C. Path. R. J. W. REES, M.B., B.Sc, F.C. Path. National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W.7 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 187–197, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12204.x Published: 01 April 1966
Turning a Molecule into a Medicine: the Development of Indacaterol as a Novel Once-Daily Bronchodilator Treatment for Patients with COPD
Authors: Lorraine Murphy, Stephen Rennard, James Donohue, Mathieu Molimard, Ronald Dahl, Kai-Michael Beeh, Juergen Dederichs, Hans-Jürgen Fülle, Mark Higgins, David Young
Journal: Drugs (2014)
Epidermal hyperplasia in mouse skin following treatment with alternative drinking water disinfectants.
Authors: M Robinson, R J Bull, M Schamer, R E Long
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Female SENCAR mice were treated with aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl) by whole body exposure (except head) for a 10-min period for 4 days in the first experiment and for 1 day (except NH2Cl) in the second experiment. Animals were sacrificed the day following the last treatment (experiment 1) or on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 following treatment (experiment 2), and skin thickness was measured by light microscopy at X400 by use of an eyepiece micrometer. Concentrations of disinfectants were 1, 10, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/L, for experiment 1 and 1000 mg/L for experiment 2. Thickness of the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) for control animals was 15.4 +/- 1.5 micron. After 4 days of treatment at 1000 mg/L, HOCl and ClO2 increased thickness to 39 +/- 7.0 and 40.2 +/- 11.8, and NaOCl increased thickness to 25.2 +/- 6.1 micron. Only HOCl and ClO2 were tested at 300 mg/L, yielding an IFE thickness of 30.0 +/- 13.1 and 16.8 +/- 0.8 micron, respectively. The response to HOCl was found to be dose-related; the minimally effective dose was 100 mg/L. In earlier, preliminary tests to determine optimum treatment schedule, the response to HOCl appeared to be maximal after 4 days of treatment and tended to decrease with further treatment. The time-course study following a single treatment of 1000 mg/L HOCl, however, showed a progression of IFE thickening of from 18.3 +/- 1.4 at 1 day to 30.8 +/- 8.0 at 8 days, decreasing to 19.1 +/- 6.2 micron at 12 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analgesic Nephropathy — A Preventable Renal Disease
Authors: William M. Bennett, Marc E. DeBroe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Each day in the United States, television advertisements advocate the use of analgesics, available without prescription, for the aches, pains, and headaches of daily living. Because of the effectiveness of modern advertising, the sale of analgesics over the counter has grown to become a huge industry. In addition, analgesics available by prescription generally contain similar ingredients in larger doses, sometimes in combination with narcotics, barbiturates, antihistamines, or decongestants. The 1989 Physicians' Desk Reference lists more than 75 combinations of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine, in addition to many preparations that contain only one ingredient.1 In a carefully performed case–control study reported . . .
The Acceptance of Clinical Psychology
Authors: Ernest Harms
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Herman A. Dickel's fine, conciliatory article ( 195 :365, 1966) on  Physician and the Clinical Psychologist, opens up an important question: During the past century, for several reasons, the medical profession has not shown the same interest in mental health as it has in physical health. It is a basic principle of medicine that if one knows the reasons for a disease, one is on the best road to achieving a cure. This is also true in regard to achieving insight and success in the areas of the physical and cultural sciences.  The student of the history of medicine and of the sciences knows that there have been periods lasting decades during which leanings toward physical factors alternated with similar periods of leanings toward psychological and mental factors. Before the beginning of the present century a strongly physical orientation prevailed. The scientific slogan in the field
Human Endocrinology. 3 vol.
Authors: George W. Corner
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Endocrinology is a relatively young biological science, scarcely older than the 20th century. It is so young that as yet we have not comprehended its full scope. We are still in the process of identifying the functions and products of the endocrine glands and realizing that other glands and organs may have endocrine functions. It is not surprising, therefore, that this young science often seems a bewildering maze of theory, experimentation, and complex biochemistry. Authors of books on endocrinology have generally used one of three techniques to present this maze to the reader. The first is to produce a veritable encyclopedia of all knowledge; the second, to present a brief practical cookbook for clinical management; the third, to deal only with a limited facet of endocrinology such as "female endocrinology." Such approaches have been of limited value in giving the reader a logical view of endocrinology. Kupperman has attempted to
The Maturation of Children With Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Diana Farmer, Nicole Sitkin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Oxidized LDL Increases the Sensitivity of the Contractile Apparatus in Isolated Resistance Arteries for Ca <sup>2+</sup> via a Rho- and Rho Kinase–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Steffen-Sebastian Bolz, Jan Galle, Roland Derwand, Cor de Wit, Ulrich Pohl
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Oxidized LDL reduces NO-mediated and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated dilations. We studied, in hamster skeletal muscle resistance arteries (213+/-8 micrometer n=51), whether an altered vascular smooth muscle (VSM) response, particularly sensitization of the VSM contractile apparatus to Ca(2+), is involved in this oxLDL effect. Methods and Results-VSM or endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) and vascular diameter were measured in response to norepinephrine (0.3 micromol/L), sodium nitroprusside (10 micromol/L), C-type natriuretic peptide (1 to 100 nmol/L), papaverine (0.1 to 10 micromol/L), or the endothelial agonist acetylcholine (ACh, 0.01 to 1 micromol/L). OxLDL significantly increased resting VSM [Ca(2+)](i) (11+/-3%), decreased diameter (8+/-2%), and enhanced norepinephrine-induced constrictions. Dilations to sodium nitroprusside and C-type natriuretic peptide were significantly reduced (by 10+/-2% and 35+/-6%), whereas dose-response curves for papaverine and ACh were shifted to the right, despite unchanged increases in endothelial Ca(2+) after ACh. OxLDL significantly shifted the Ca(2+)-diameter relation to the left, as assessed by stepwise increasing extracellular Ca(2+) (0 to 3 mmol/L) in depolarized skeletal muscle resistance arteries. This sensitization to Ca(2+) by oxLDL was abolished after inhibition of Rho (C3 transferase) or Rho kinase (Y27632).OxLDL reduces VSM responsiveness to vasodilators by increasing VSM Ca(2+) but preferentially by sensitizing VSM to Ca(2+) via a Rho- and Rho kinase-dependent pathway.
Management of Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes
Authors: J. M. G. Harley, D. A. D. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (1965)

In 1956 Stevenson published the results of 119 diabetic pregnancies treated in the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, during the 16-year period 1940 to 1955.As a result of his findings he concluded that some improvement in the foetal mortality should be possible and recommended (1) that there should be the closest co-operation between obstetrician, physi- cian, and paediatrician; (2) strict antenatal care from the beginning of pregnancy; (3) admission to hospital at the twenty-eighth week, or earlier if stabilization is unsatisfactory; (4) premature delivery at 35 weeks, or earlier if indicated;(5) delivery by caesarean section in all primigravidae and all but a very few multigravidae; and (6) skilled nursing of the neonate in a modern nursery unit.For the past eight years the management of diabetic preg- nancies in the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, has been influenced to some extent by these recommendations.Con- sequently it was decided to carry out a further review to see if there had been any improvement in the foetal mortality and whether or not any alterations were necessary in our present management. Series ReviewedDiagnosis.-Thecorrectness of the diagnosis of diabetes was confirmed in all patients under review.The majority were established diabetics attending the diabetes clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital and receiving regular treatment with insulin.A few were referred from other clinics.The diagnosis was suspected for the first time in pregnancy in five patients.It was confirmed by abnormal oral glucose-tolerance tests after delivery.Patients who during pregnancy had an abnormal oral glucose-tolerance test which reverted to normal after delivery were excluded from this series.Incidence.-In the eight years from January 1956 to December 1963 a total of 80 diabetic patients who had 113 pregnancies were treated in the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast.Fifty-five had one pregnancy, 17 had two pregnancies, and eight had three pregnancies.During the same period 17,074 patients were delivered in the hospital.This gives an incidence for diabetic patients of 0.66 %, which is slightly higher than that of the previous five years, and nearly twice that during the 11-year period 1940 to 1950 (Table I).This increase TABLE I.-Incidence of Diabetic Pregnancies, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast Total Diabetic Percentage Patients Pregnancies
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2508–2515
Authors: G Schernthaner, JL Gross, J Rosenstock, M Guarisco, M Fu, J Yee, M Kawaguchi, W Canovatchel, G Meininger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who
Cardiologist wins right to exclude hearsay evidence against him
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An internationally renowned paediatric cardiologist has won a High Court battle to stop the General Medical Council admitting hearsay evidence against him in a disciplinary case over the alleged sexual abuse of boys in Kenya.

Lord Justice Laws and Mr Justice Stadlen quashed the decision by a GMC fitness to practise panel to admit transcripts of police interviews and mobile phone messages and texts from a man in his late 20s, referred to as witness A, who accused Philipp Bonhoeffer of abusing him in his early teens. The judges ruled that the decision to admit hearsay evidence was “irrational” and a breach of Dr Bonhoeffer’s right to a fair trial under article 6 of the European …
A CASE OF PERFORATING WOUND OF BOTH CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES.
Authors: W. S. LINDSAY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Last November, while attending a meeting of our county medical society I was summoned, in company with Drs. McClintock and Bowen, to a hotel near by in which a guest of the house was said to have attempted suicide. We found a young man about 19 years of age writhing on the floor with a bloody wound on the right temple, the result of a revolver shot fired about five minutes previously. The hemorrhage was not great, but to prevent its becoming greater we tried to keep the patient quiet till an ambulance should arrive. In this we were not entirely successful, for he succeeded in getting up. He seemed very reticent on being questioned, although he talked enough to show mental coherence. We discovered that he had on only one cuff, whereon the patient informed us distinctly that the missing cuff was in his overcoat pocket, where it was
Molecular mimicry between cockroach and helminth glutathione S-transferases promotes cross-reactivity and cross-sensitization
Authors: Helton C. Santiago, Elyse LeeVan, Sasisekhar Bennuru, Flavia Ribeiro-Gomes, Ellen Mueller, Mark Wilson, Thomas Wynn, David Garboczi, Joseph Urban, Edward Mitre, Thomas B. Nutman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Acute Renal Failure after Therapeutic Abortion by Intra-Amniotic Saline Administration
Authors: Gilbert M. Eisner, Julius S. Piver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

INTRA-AMNIOTIC instillation of hypertonic saline solution has been heralded as a simple and effective means of producing abortion during the mid-trimester of pregnancy.1 2 3 In the following case acute renal failure was associated with this procedure.Case ReportA 31-year-old woman in the 26th week of pregnancy was admitted to the Washington Hospital Center for therapeutic abortion because of psychiatric considerations. Her previous health had been good. Urinalysis was normal except for a trace of protein. On July 14, 1966, 150 ml of amniotic fluid was withdrawn through a No. 18 needle inserted through the abdominal wall, and 180 ml of . . .
Skeletal Muscle Uptake Detected on FDG PET 48 Hours After Exertion
Authors: Denis J. Gradinscak, Michael J. Fulham, Armin Mohamed, Chris J. Constable
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A case of asymmetric moderately increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake into muscle is shown. A 57-year-old right-handed man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent a FDG positron emission tomographic (PET) scan to assess response to chemotherapy. Two days before the PET scan, the patient had spent several hours digging in his garden. He was relatively inactive during the 48 hours before the PET study. Marked skeletal FDG uptake is generally reported in subjects who have exercised before or after the injection of FDG. The authors present a case of increased muscle FDG uptake 48 hours after cessation of strenuous muscle activity.
Intensified and Shortened Cyclical Chemotherapy for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Charles Linker, Lloyd Damon, Curt Ries, Willis Navarro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of a new treatment program of intensified and shortened cyclical chemotherapy (protocol 8707) in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Previously untreated adults ≤ 60 years old with ALL were treated with a four-agent induction chemotherapy regimen. This was followed by cyclical postremission therapy with high-dose cytarabine/etoposide; high-dose methotrexate/6-mercaptopurine; and daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase. Maintenance chemotherapy with oral methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine was continued for 30 months. CNS prophylaxis was given with intrathecal methotrexate in addition to the systemic chemotherapy indicated above. RESULTS: Seventy-eight of 84 patients (93%) achieved complete remission. With a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of all remission patients is 52%. Patients with high-risk features including adverse cytogenetics, failure to achieve remission with the first cycle of chemotherapy, and B-precursor disease with WBC counts more than 100,000/μL all relapsed unless taken off study for transplantation. For patients without these high-risk features, 5-year EFS was 60%. Compared with our previous treatment regimen, results appear to be improved for patients with standard-risk B-precursor disease (5-year EFS, 66% v 34%; P = .01). CONCLUSION: Intensified and shortened chemotherapy may improve the outcome for patients with ALL with B-precursor disease lacking high-risk features. Further trials of this regimen are warranted.
Massive Microbiological Groundwater Contamination Associated with a Waterborne Outbreak in Lake Erie, South Bass Island, Ohio
Authors: Theng-Theng Fong, Linda S. Mansfield, David L. Wilson, David J. Schwab, Stephanie L. Molloy, Joan B. Rose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

A groundwater-associated outbreak affected approximately 1,450 residents and visitors of South Bass Island, Ohio, between July and September 2004.To examine the microbiological quality of groundwater wells located on South Bass Island, we sampled 16 wells that provide potable water to public water systems 15-21 September 2004.We tested groundwater wells for fecal indicators, enteric viruses and bacteria, and protozoa (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). The hydrodynamics of Lake Erie were examined to explore the possible surface water-groundwater interactions.All wells were positive for both total coliform and Escherichia coli. Seven wells tested positive for enterococci and Arcobacter (an emerging bacterial pathogen), and F(+)-specific coliphage was present in four wells. Three wells were positive for all three bacterial indicators, coliphages, and Arcobacter; adenovirus DNA was recovered from two of these wells. We found a cluster of the most contaminated wells at the southeast side of the island.Massive groundwater contamination on the island was likely caused by transport of microbiological contaminants from wastewater treatment facilities and septic tanks to the lake and the subsurface, after extreme precipitation events in May-July 2004. This likely raised the water table, saturated the subsurface, and along with very strong Lake Erie currents on 24 July, forced a surge in water levels and rapid surface water-groundwater interchange throughout the island. Landsat images showed massive influx of organic material and turbidity surrounding the island before the peak of the outbreak. These combinations of factors and information can be used to examine vulnerabilities in other coastal systems. Both wastewater and drinking water issues are now being addressed by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the Ohio Department of Health.
Hazards Associated With Chest Application of Nitroglycerin Ointments
Authors: Jeffrey D. Parke
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Physio-Control Corporation has received reports of current arcing during defibrillation in patients who had used topical nitroglycerin ointment. Subsequently, tests of these ointments have shown them to have low electrical conductivity. For example, the resistivity of Nitrol ointment was found to be 6×10<sup>8</sup>Ω-cm as compared with 9.4 Ω-cm for Hewlett Packard Redux Electrode Paste,<sup>1</sup>a typical defibrillation electrode contact gel. Nitro-Bid ointment resistivity was determined to be 4×10<sup>9</sup>Ω-cm. We assume that other brands of this preparation would have similar resistivity. Noting that the lanolin-petroleum-based ointments seemed to mix poorly with electrode gels, we conducted tests on anesthetized dogs. After applying the ointment to shaved dog skin in the recommended manner, 200-joule shocks were delivered with a Physio-Control Lifepak 6 Defibrillator on the treated skin. Standard electrode gel and contact pressure were used. The results demonstrated the effects of defibrillation through an insulator.