tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADHESIVE SUPPORT FOR TENSION SUTURES
Authors: C. L. Heald
Journal: JAMA (1913)

When placed under tension sutures are apt to cut their way through the tissues, thus diminishing their support of the wound. In closing wounds in which there is likely to be much tension, as from tympanites, vomiting or when the patient is to be got up early after operation, I have used the following simple method with satisfaction: Two pieces of 1/4-inch glass tubing are filed and broken off the length of the wound. Two pieces of zinc oxid adhesive plaster are cut as wide as the length of the rods, and as long as necessary to give firm support. One end of each piece of adhesive plaster is rolled once around a glass rod, adhesive surface in, and overlapped on itself 1/4 inch. After the wound has been closed with sutures in the usual way, with silkworm-gut tension sutures inserted but not tied, the adhesives are applied, the rods
CONGENITAL SARCOMA OF THE ORBIT.
Authors: G. BETTON MASSEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The clinical report of a sarcoma in a child of 3 years, contributed toThe Journal, March 3, 1906, by Dr. Spearman, of Whiting, Iowa, recalls a still more youthful case under my care at the Oncologic Hospital last summer. In this case the growth was strictly congenital, having been noticed at birth. <h3>Patient.</h3> —Helen K., aged 6 weeks, was admitted to the hospital from Tyrone, Pa., July 3, 1905. <h3>History.</h3> —Her parents were healthy and there was no history of malignant disease in the family. At birth a tumor the size of the tip of the little finger projected from the edge of the right upper eyelid. Two days after birth the tumor was removed by the attending physician, but recurrence immediately took place, and when the baby was admitted to the hospital six weeks after birth a tumor the size of a golf ball projected from the orbit,
Engineers and Engineering in the Massachusetts State Board of Health
Authors: Gordon M. Fair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE story of public health in its modern implications, like that of other great social reforms, is the story of great men whose convictions and leadership, wisdom and toil, temporary failure and ultimate success fashioned a pattern of public opinion that could not be denied and that has left its imprint on a century of human existence.The public-health movement as it is seen today had its roots in the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Industry, the child of scientific discovery and invention, created the opportunity for mass employment. In the early stages of industrial development, limitations on the . . .
Absence of the OKT4 epitope on blood T cells and thymus cells in a patient with thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and red blood cell aplasia
Authors: A.I. Levinson, J.A. Hoxie, M.J. Kornstein, D. Zembryki, D.M. Matthews, A.D. Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)
Plasma cytokines in polycythemia vera: Phenotypic correlates, prognostic relevance, and comparison with myelofibrosis
Authors: Rakhee Vaidya, Naseema Gangat, Thitina Jimma, Christy M. Finke, Terra L. Lasho, Animesh Pardanani, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Plasma cytokine milieu is abnormal in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and correlates with disease phenotype and prognosis. In this study, we show that several plasma cytokines are also abnormally expressed in polycythemia vera (PV; n = 65), compared to normal controls ( n = 35), but with a significantly different pattern than that of PMF ( n = 127). Direct phenotypic correlation in PV included levels of IL‐12 with hematocrit; IL‐1b, IL‐2, IL‐7, FGF‐b, and HGF with leukocytosis; and IFN‐α and IFN‐γ with thrombocytosis. In univariate analysis, levels of 13 cytokines (out of 30 analyzed) correlated with survival but only MIP‐1β remained significant on multivariable analysis that included the other cytokines as covariates. Increased level of MIP‐1β ( P &lt; 0.01), older age ( P &lt; 0.01), and leukocytosis ( P = 0.03) maintained their association with shortened survival, on multivariable analysis. This study provides preliminary observations that warrant a larger scale study and suggests the value of plasma cytokines as prognostic biomarkers in PV. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychiatric Disorder in General Populations: A Study of the Problem of Clinical Judgment
Authors: BRUCE P. DOHRENWEND, GLADYS EGRI, FREDERICK S. MENDELSOHN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

In most attempts to study the prevalence of psychiatric disorder, cases have been defined by applying clinical judgment to symptom data. In some of these, such as the Midtown and Stirling County studies, this has involved assessments of written records, consisting for the most part of data collected by lay interviewers. Findings from the present study (in the Washington Heights section of New York City) indicate that respondents from the general population are less likely to be rated cases on the basis of actual interviews by psychiatrists than on the basis of interview protocols. Moreover, this difference varies with the type of interview and with the social status of the respondent.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lead, and genetic susceptibility: polymorphisms in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and vitamin D receptor genes.
Authors: Freya Kamel, David M Umbach, Teresa A Lehman, Lawrence P Park, Theodore L Munsat, Jeremy M Shefner, Dale P Sandler, Howard Hu, Jack A Taylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Previous studies have suggested that lead exposure may be associated with increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Polymorphisms in the genes for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) may affect susceptibility to lead exposure. We used data from a case-control study conducted in New England from 1993 to 1996 to evaluate the relationship of ALS to polymorphisms in ALAD and VDR and the effect of these polymorphisms on the association of ALS with lead exposure. The ALAD 2 allele (177G to C; K59N) was associated with decreased lead levels in both patella and tibia, although not in blood, and with an imprecise increase in ALS risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.60-6.3]. We found a previously unreported polymorphism in ALAD at an Msp1 site in intron 2 (IVS2+299G>A) that was associated with decreased bone lead levels and with an imprecise decrease in ALS risk (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.10-1.2). The VDR B allele was not associated with lead levels or ALS risk. Our ability to observe effects of genotype on associations of ALS with occupational exposure to lead or with blood or bone lead levels was limited. These findings suggest that genetic susceptibility conferred by polymorphisms in ALAD may affect ALS risk, possibly through a mechanism related to internal lead exposure.
In Vitro Studies of the Coronary Arteries of Man and Swine as Demonstrated by a New Technic, Angioplethysmokymography
Authors: DURWOOD J. SMITH, JEROME T. SYVERTON, JOSEPH W. COXE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

A new in vitro technic for the study of isolated surviving arteries and veins is described. Observations of the reactivity of 21 human and 68 swine coronary arteries to histamine, acetylcholine, l -epinephrine and l -norepinephrine are reported. Histamine and acetylcholine uniformly caused vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries of man and swine. Three potential mechanisms of coronary artery vasoconstriction in these species are suggested. The blocking action of antihistaminic drugs on vasoconstriction due to histamine, and of atropine on vasoconstriction due to acetylcholine is demonstrated. It is suggested that combined therapy with these drugs may be useful in treatment of diseases of the coronary arteries.
Pressure is proinflammatory in lung venular capillaries
Authors: Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Xiaoyou Ying, Baljit Singh, Andrew C. Issekutz, Jahar Bhattacharya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Endothelial responses may contribute importantly to the pathology of high vascular pressure. In lung venular capillaries, we determined endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) by the fura-2 ratioing method and fusion pore formation by quantifying the fluorescence of FM1-43. Pressure elevation increased endothelial [Ca(2+)](i). Concomitantly evoked exocytotic events were evident in a novel spatial-temporal pattern of fusion pore formation. Fusion pores formed predominantly at vascular branch points and colocalized with the expression of P-selectin. Blockade of mechanogated Ca(2+) channels inhibited these responses, identifying entry of external Ca(2+) as the critical triggering mechanism. These endothelial responses point to a proinflammatory effect of high vascular pressure that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of pressure-induced lung disease.
Abstract P4-11-03: The Impact of Fractionation on Local Relapse for Patients with Grade 3 Breast Cancer
Authors: S Tyldesley, R Woods, C Speers, A Nichol, L Weir, I. Olivotto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Several randomized trials have demonstrated that hypofractionated (HF) and conventionally fractionated (CF) radiotherapy (RT) provide equivalent local control following breast conserving surgery (BCS). However, an update of the Canadian trial suggested that patients with grade 3 disease had an increased risk of local relapse after HF. The risk of local relapse following HF or CF according to grade was investigated among a population-based cohort from British Columbia, Canada. Materials and methods: Female patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2000 with T1-T2N0M0 breast cancer treated with lumpectomy, axillary dissection and RT with at least 6 nodes removed and RT delivered to the breast were identified. Whole breast RT prescriptions were distributed in two groups : HF (typically 42.5 to 44 Gy in 16 fractions), and CF (45Gy to 50 Gy in 25 fractions). The 45 Gy prescription was followed by a boost to the biopsy cavity regardless of the margin status. Patients with close or positive margins received a boost (typically 7.5 to 10Gy in 3 to 4 fractions, or 10 to 20Gy in 5 to 10 fractions). Baseline demographic (age, year of diagnosis), tumour (grade, histology, size, lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVI), presence of extensive DCIS) and treatment factors (margin status, hormonal or chemotherapy use, RT fractionation group, and RT boost use) were abstracted. Cumulative rates of local relapse were estimated using a competing risk approach (distant relapses or death were competing risks) and compared across groups using Gray's test. Factors significant on univariate analysis were included with fractionation group in a multivariate (Fine and Gray) model among grade 3 patients. Results: The cohort consisted of 1,335 patients diagnosed with grade 3 breast cancers: 252 received CF and 1083 patients received HF. The fractionation groups were well balanced for most of the aforementioned factors except median age (56 years for CF vs 52 years for HF (P&amp;lt;0.01), and use of systemic therapy (hormones alone: 26% vs 19%; chemotherapy alone: 27%vs 33%; and chemo+hormone therapy: 8% vs 10% (p=0.04) for HF compared to CF). The 10-year cumulative incidence rate of local relapse in patients with grade 3 breast cancers was 6.9% for the HF group and 6.2 % for the CF group (p=0.99). A Fine and Gray multivariate competing risk model showed that age under 40 years (p=0.02), positive margins (p=0.05) and negative ER status (p=0.01) were associated with an increased risk of local relapse, but fractionation group was not (Hazard ratio=0.95, p=0.88). Conclusions: There was no evidence that hypofractionation was inferior to conventional fractionation for breast conserving therapy in patients with T1-T2 N0, grade 3 breast cancer in a population-based series. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-03.
Morals and Moralism in the Debate over Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Authors: C K Cassel, D E Meier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The newspaper headlines in early June about Dr. Jack Kevorkian and the "suicide machine" with which Mrs. Janet Adkins took her life captured the attention of the nation and stimulated anew the long-running public debate over assisted suicide and euthanasia. Many aspects of the Kevorkian—Adkins case were extreme, and their disturbing quality evoked some of the medical profession's worst fears about the risks of legalized mercy killings. We believe that the extreme aspects of cases such as this have obscured the central issues. We hope that the observations we make here will help move the debate beyond the polarized pronouncements . . .
Bioethics: An Introduction to the History, Methods, and Practice
Authors: Leo Uzych
Journal: JAMA (1997)

We live in a time when a quest for profits appears to have gained ascendancy over concern for social values. One result is a vastly inequitable healthcare system, in which millions of Americans are either uninsured or underinsured for health coverage. Our striking failure to provide adequate health care for all our people is cause for grave ethical concern. Managed care is rapidly gaining prominence in the nation's.health care system. But the rapid influx of this cost-cutting mechanism into the health care system may seriously erode the quality of care and fail to ameliorate the glaring inequity affecting the health system. Although the United States does not have universal health coverage, it is moving steadily in the direction of legally sanctioned assisted suicide. If the US Supreme Court bestows its legal blessing on assisted suicide, then US citizens will have a right to assisted suicide but not to adequate
Hypocomplementemia in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Authors: David A. Mathison, Carlos M. Arroyave, K. Naras Bhat, David S. Hurewitz, Daniel J. Marnell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A discrete evoking factor or presumed pathophysiologic mechanism is not recognized in the majority of patients with chronic urticaria or angioedema. Two cases are reported in which chronic urticaria was the main manifestation of an immune cutaneous vasculitis associated with hypocomplementemia attributable to classic and alternative mechanisms of complement activation. Among 72 consecutive patients evaluated for chronic urticaria, 10 additional patients with idiopathic urticaria were found to have hypocomplementemia. Of these, two had evidence of classic and alternative mechanisms of complement activation, five had evidence of only classic pathway activation, and three evidence of predominately or exclusively alternative pathway activation. Circulating immune complexes were found in the majority of patients with classic pathway activation. Hypocomplementemia may provide clues to pathophysiologic mechanisms operative in some patients with chronic urticaria.
Urine dipstick readings ≥ 1+ had limited sensitivity but high specificity for detecting albuminuria in adults
Authors: Rajiv Agarwal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club18 October 2011Urine dipstick readings ≥ 1+ had limited sensitivity but high specificity for detecting albuminuria in adultsRajiv Agarwal, MDRajiv Agarwal, MDIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (R.A.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWhite SL, Yu R, Craig JC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detection of albuminuria in the general community. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58:19-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21411199Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Nephrology: References1 Agarwal R, Andersen MJ. Correlates of systolic hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2005;46:514-20. [PMID: 16103271] Google Scholar2 Thadhani R, Appelbaum E, Chang Y, et al. Vitamin D receptor activation and left ventricular hypertrophy in advanced kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2011;33:139-49. [PMID: 21242674] Google Scholar3 Gansevoort RT, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, et al; Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 2011;80:93-104. [PMID: 21289597] Google Scholar4 de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int. 2004;65:2309-20. [PMID: 15149345] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Rajiv Agarwal, MDAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (R.A.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 October 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProteinuria in a high-altitude 161-km (100-mile) ultramarathonDetection of Lower Albuminuria Levels and Early Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease Using an Artificial Intelligence-Based Rule Extraction Approach 18 October 2011Volume 155, Issue 8Page: JC4-10KeywordsBlood pressureKidneysMedical risk factorsPopulation statisticsProteinsProteinuriaRenal diseasesRenal failureSpecificityUrine ePublished: 18 October 2011 Issue Published: 18 October 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2855: Anti-PSMA x anti-CD3 SCORPIONTM molecule inhibits tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> in mouse models of prostate cancer.
Authors: Robert Miller, Hang Fang, Jessica Luke, Megan Aguilar, Ruth Chenault, John Kumer, Jennifer Wiens, Paul Algate, David Bienvenue, Catherine McMahan, Holly Nguyen, Robert Vessella, John Blankenship
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Treatment of metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a highly unmet medical need. We have developed a bispecific SCORPIONTM (multi-specific protein therapeutic) molecule that redirects T cell cytotoxicity against cells expressing PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen), a common prostate-cancer related antigen. The SCORPION molecule described here contains two pairs of binding domains, each targeting a unique antigen, linked to opposite ends of an immunoglobulin Fc domain to extend the half-life of the molecule in vivo. In these studies, we examine the ability of a SCORPION molecule targeting both CD3 and PSMA, to inhibit the growth of PSMA expressing tumors in vivo. Materials and Methods: NOD/SCID mice were implanted with the PSMA(+) prostate tumor cell line C4-2B and purified human T cells in one of two models. In a first model of residual disease, C4-2B cells were coimplanted subcutaneously with human T cells, and treatment with drug was initiated immediately. This model was run twice with T cells from two different human donors. In a second model of established disease, C4-2B cells were implanted subcutaneously and allowed to develop for 20 days, after which human T cells were injected intra-peritoneally, with subsequent administration of drug. Tumor growth was assessed by tumor volume and serum PSA, and tumor volume and weight loss were used as endpoints. Results: SCORPION molecules targeting PSMA and CD3 inhibited growth of PSMA(+) tumors in both model settings and significantly improved overall survival. Reduction in circulating serum PSA was also observed. Repeat studies using a second human T cell donor showed similar inhibition of tumor growth and overall survival. Inhibition of tumor growth was seen at doses in the low pmol range per mouse. Conclusions: These studies show that anti-PSMA x anti-CD3 SCORPION therapeutics redirect T cell cytotoxicity in in vivo xenograft models and merit further investigation as potential therapeutics in CRPC. Citation Format: Robert Miller, Hang Fang, Jessica Luke, Megan Aguilar, Ruth Chenault, John Kumer, Jennifer Wiens, Paul Algate, David Bienvenue, Catherine McMahan, Holly Nguyen, Robert Vessella, John Blankenship. Anti-PSMA x anti-CD3 SCORPIONTM molecule inhibits tumor growth in vivo in mouse models of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2855. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2855
Combustion-Derived Ultrafine Particles Transport Organic Toxicants to Target Respiratory Cells
Authors: Arthur Penn, Gleeson Murphy, Steven Barker, William Henk, Lynn Penn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Epidemiologic evidence supports associations between inhalation of fine and ultrafine ambient particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5)] and increases in cardiovascular/respiratory morbidity and mortality. Less attention has been paid to how the physical and chemical characteristics of these particles may influence their interactions with target cells. Butadiene soot (BDS), produced during combustion of the high-volume petrochemical 1,3-butadiene, is rich in polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including known carcinogens. We conducted experiments to characterize BDS with respect to particle size distribution, assembly, PAH composition, elemental content, and interaction with respiratory epithelial cells. Freshly generated, intact BDS is primarily (> 90%) PAH-rich, metals-poor (nickel, chromium, and vanadium concentrations all < 1 ppm) PM2.5, composed of uniformly sized, solid spheres (30-50 nm) in aggregated form. Cells of a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) exhibit sequential fluorescent responses--a relatively rapid (approximately 30 min), bright but diffuse fluorescence followed by the slower (2-4 hr) appearance of punctate cytoplasmic fluorescence--after BDS is added to medium overlying the cells. The fluorescence is associated with PAH localization in the cells. The ultrafine BDS particles move down through the medium to the cell membrane. Fluorescent PAHs are transferred from the particle surface to the cell membrane, cross the membrane into the cytosol, and appear to accumulate in lipid vesicles. There is no evidence that BDS particles pass into the cells. The results demonstrate that uptake of airborne ultrafine particles by target cells is not necessary for transfer of toxicants from the particles to the cells.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Test for Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Charles G. Moertel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tests were performed on 36 patients with histologically proved locally recurrent or residual malignant disease after resection of colorectal carcinoma but with no clinical evidence of distant metastasis. Only nine patients (25%) had abnormal CEA levels of greater than 5 ng/ml despite the fact that most patients had had symptoms of recurrence for several months. Among the nine of our patients, none had CEA values greater than 5 ng/ml, and only three had levels greater than 2.5 ng/ml (3.4, 3.8, and 4.7 ng/ml). The CEA assay is not a sensitive test for early detection of recurrence of colorectal carcinoma. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1065-1066, 1978)