tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tidying up sensory stores with supraordinate representations
Authors: Francisco Barceló, José A. Periáñez, Antoni Gomila
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

In attempting to integrate the authors' proposed model with results from analogous human event-related potential (ERP) research, we found difficulties with: (1) its apparent disregard for supraordinate representations at posterior multimodal association cortices, (2) its failure to address contextual task effects, and (3) its strict architectural dichotomy between memory storage and control functions.
Anxiety and Pain
Authors: H. K. Beecher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

For years it has been held that, when a given number of pain endings are injured and stimulated, a given degree of pain will be experienced; and that, for a given degree of pain, a given dose of morphine or similar agent is required. These propositions need to be examined. Any small boy in a fist fight feels no pain at the time of injury. This comes later, when his bloody nose begins to drip or his mother arrives to console him. The severely wounded soldier, not in shock but clear mentally, has surprisingly little need for a narcotic.<sup>1</sup>In the early hours after wounding, only a minority request it, whereas the civilian recovering from surgery with a much smaller wound receives two to three times as much narcotic as the soldier with his more extensive wound. We can conclude from this that our first proposition is false: There is
Cost effectiveness and projected national impact of colorectal cancer screening in France
Authors: C. Hassan, R. Benamouzig, C. Spada, T. Ponchon, A. Zullo, J. Saurin, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in France. Only scanty data on cost-effectiveness of CRC screening in Europe are available, generating uncertainty over its efficiency. Although immunochemical fecal tests (FIT) and guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (g-FOBT) have been shown to be cost-effective in France, cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening has not yet been addressed.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events”
Authors: Andrew T. Chan, Gary C. Curhan, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Charles S. Fuchs, JoAnn E. Manson, Christine M. Albert, Claudia U. Chae, Kathryn M. Rexrode
Journal: Circulation (2006)
"B.C.G. Sarcoidosis"
Authors: P. Ellman, L. G. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1959)

active stage again at the time of this review; and 170 (68.5%) were no longer active.We have no information about the last 11. Conclusions and SumrmaryAs there was enough evidence available by 1949 that B.C.G. was of value in the prevention of tuberculosis, it would have been ethically indefensible to withhold B.C.G. vaccination from any of our contact babies and so study comparable series of unvaccinated controls.Consequently, there is no absolute evidence that B.C.G. vaccination prevented tuberculosis in any.Nevertheless, the fact that from such a particularly unfavourably situated group of infants none died of tuberculosis, and only two developed symptoms which could possibly be attributed to tuberculous infection, suggests that the vaccinations were of value.It is more definite and satisfactory to record the prolonged effectiveness of the vaccination as judged by the persistence of the positive tuberculin reaction in 98% of the cases for five years or more.267 children aged 2 years or less who were in close household contact with cases of tuberculosis and who remained tuberculin negative six weeks after segregation from contact were vaccinated with B.C.G. between October, 1949, and October, 1952.Of these, 261 were traced five years or more after vaccination.There were no deaths from tuberculosis; only two had minor clinical symptoms associated with tuberculous lung lesions which healed by calcification, and one other had a calcified lung lesion.There were only four who reverted and became tuberculin negative.In contrast, of the " index " cases 39 (15.7%) died of their tuberculosis and 28 (11.3%)still had active disease at the time of this review.As there were no comparable controls it cannot be shown conclusively that B.C.G. vaccination prevented tuberculosis in this group of infants.Nevertheless the results are highly suggestive that this, in fact, was the case.It is a pleasure to acknowledge and thank the help given by the chest physicians of Sheffield and many other areas; Dr. Llywellyn Roberts, the Medical Officer of Health of Sheffield, and his health visitors; and Dr. Marion C. Taylor, principal school medical officer of Sheffield, without
TCT-504 Bleeding risk in Acute Coronary Syndrome submitted to PCI with new oral antiplatelet agents
Authors: Gerardo Nau, Pablo Lamelas, Gustavo O. Pedernera, Pablo Spaletra, Lucio T. Padilla, Alfonsina Candiello, Jorge Belardi, Fernando Cura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Brachial-basilar Insufficiency (The Subclavian Steal Syndrome)
Authors: R. W. Strachan, L. A. Gillanders
Journal: BMJ (1965)

B 33 widely distributed, no individual laboratory providing more than two.The normal habitat of M. xenopei is not known.Toad infections are probably opportunistic like those in man.The optimum temperature in culture is about 420 C., and as the species grows very poorly at 250 C. it seems adapted to a warm environment, but at present there is no clue to its origin.Note: The original culture of M. xenopei failed to grow at 450 C., unlike its subculture maintained in the National Collec- tion, the second toad isolate, and the 50 human strains.This discrepancy may have had a technical origin such as a difference in inoculum size.Distinguishing features of M. xenopei are its easily emulsified colonies, long bacilli, temperature requirements and relative susceptibility to most antituberculous drugs, particularly isoniazid.It produces arylsulphatase and grows deep in semisolid medium.We are obliged to Dr. A. Beck for allowing us to exaine his strains (Beck et al., 1963) and to Dr. E.
Potentiation of Cytotoxicity of Topoisomerase I Poison by Concurrent and Sequential Treatment with the Checkpoint Inhibitor UCN-01 Involves Disparate Mechanisms Resulting in Either p53-Independent Clonogenic Suppression or p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe
Authors: Archie N. Tse, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract UCN-01 is a potent inhibitor of the S- and G2-M-phase cell cycle checkpoints by targeting chk1 and possibly chk2 kinases. It has been shown in some, but not all, instances that UCN-01 potentiates the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents selectively in p53-defective cells. We have investigated this concept in HCT116 colon cancer cells treated with the topoisomerase I poison SN-38. SN-38 alone induced a senescence-like sustained G2 arrest without apoptosis. Sequential treatment with SN-38 followed by UCN-01 resulted in enhancement of cytotoxicity by apoptosis assay, whereas the reverse sequence or concurrent treatment did not potentiate apoptosis. Real-time visualization of HCT116 cells labeled with green fluorescent protein-histone 2B or green fluorescent protein-α-tubulin revealed that sequential treatment resulted in G2 checkpoint abrogation, and cells entered an aberrant mitosis despite normal assembly of bipolar spindles, resulting in either apoptosis or formation of micronucleated cells. Although p53-null cells were clearly more sensitive than parental HCT116 to undergoing checkpoint abrogation and mitotic death after sequential treatment, this was not accompanied by an increased inhibition of clonogenicity over that induced by SN-38 alone. Conversely, concurrent treatment with SN-38 and UCN-01 resulted in S-phase checkpoint override, an amplified DNA damage response including increased phosphorylation of the DNA double-strand breakage marker H2AX and augmentation of clonogenic inhibition, which was independent of p53. Thus, reported discrepancies in the pharmacology of UCN-01 and the influence of p53 status on treatment outcome appears to stem, in part, from the different schedules used, the specific checkpoints examined, and the assays used to assess cytotoxicity. Moreover, checkpoint abrogation and subsequent apoptosis induced by UCN-01 do not necessarily correlate with reproductive cell death.
Community Mental Health Services: The View from 1967
Authors: STANLEY F. YOLLES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

In this progress report on the community mental health centers program, the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health reviews existing patterns of support, community organization, staffing, and practice in the 256 centers funded during the past two years under the federal grants program. Early pessimism regarding rigidity of the federal regulations now seems unwarranted: diversity of local needs has resulted in a diversity of methods and flexibility in meeting those needs. The emerging profile of services now being offered provides a foundation upon which other communities can act as the program expands.
Plasma β-Thromboglobulin, Platelet Factor 4, Fibrinopeptide A, and Other Hemostatic Functions During Improved, Short-Term Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Michael H Rosove, Harrison J L Frank, Sylvia S L Harwig
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

To determine the effect of improved, short-term glycemic control on various functions of hemostasis in insulin-dependent diabetes, we measured changes in plasma fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), functional antithrombin III (AT-III), factor VIII:ristocetin cofactor ( VIIIRCoF ), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and platelet aggregation responses to ADP and collagen in 12 patients with low or undetectable stimulated (postprandial) serum C-peptide levels during 4-8 wk (median, 6 wk) of treatment with constant subcutaneous insulin infusion. Mean plasma fibrinogen, FPA, AT-III, VIIIRCoF , and BTG at baseline were elevated compared with normal. Three patients had heightened platelet responses to ADP that did not correlate to other indicators of a hypercoagulable state; the affected patients, in fact, had significantly lower plasma BTG (25.5 +/- 5.3 [SEM] versus 44.6 +/- 4.6 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) and FPA (1.1 +/- 0.1 versus 2.5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) than the remaining patients. Patients with clinically evident vascular disease had higher baseline plasma BTG and FPA than those without vascular disease (44.6 +/- 5.4 versus 30.2 +/- 4.6, and 2.6 +/- 0.6 versus 1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, P less than 0.05, respectively). During treatment, all patients had declining blood glucose (200 +/- 18 to 102 +/- 5 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) and HbA1 (11.8 +/- 0.6 to 10.2 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.005). No statistically significant changes in hemostatic functions were noted. During treatment, one patient had an acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Death rates from cancer in the UK are predicted to fall further
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The risk of dying from cancer before the age of 84 in the United Kingdom will continue to fall for most types of the disease for the next two decades, a new study predicts.

Researchers from the charity Cancer Research UK looked at data on the numbers of people dying from 21 of the commonest cancers and have predicted a 17% fall in the death rate in men and 16% …
Abstract 2253: YAP nuclear accumulation involved in drug-induced cellular senescence in vitro
Authors: Kai Ma, Shuren Wang, Qing Xu, Mei Liu, Hongxia Zhu, Ningzhi Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cellular senescence is accompanied by some striking morphological changes, such as becoming large, flat and multinucleated. However, how these changes are established is poorly understood. The Hippo pathway plays an important role in the control of organ size. Previous study reported that YAP, one major downstream effector of Hippo pathway, could be regulated by mechanical signals through F-actin bundles. However, whether YAP participates in the control of cell size through cytoskeleton remains unexplained. In our current study, we found that the senescent cells induced with adriamycin or camptothecin became large and flat, and the stress fibers of the senescent cells seemed to maintain or increase, observed by F-actin staining, though in a way of inappropriate actin clumping. Moreover increased nuclear level and activity of YAP were identified in drug-induced senescent cells. Hence, our data indicated that the increased F-actin bundles and mechanical signals could be acquired in senescent cells induced by adriamycin or camptothecin. In summary, based on our findings here, we proposed that YAP might play some roles during drug-induced cellular senescence in vitro. Citation Format: Kai Ma, Shuren Wang, Qing Xu, Mei Liu, Hongxia Zhu, Ningzhi Xu. YAP nuclear accumulation involved in drug-induced cellular senescence in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2253. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2253
Clinical trials and rare diseases: a way out of a conundrum
Authors: R. J Lilford, J G Thornton, D Braunholtz
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Currently, clinical trials tend to be individually funded and applicants must include a power calculation in their grant request. However, conventional levels of statistical precision are unlikely to be obtainable prospectively if the trial is required to evaluate treatment of a rare disease. This means that clinicians treating such diseases remain in ignorance and must form their judgments solely on the basis of (potentially biased) observational studies experience, and anecdote. Since some unbiased evidence is clearly better than none, this state of affairs should not continue. However, conventional (frequentist) confidence limits are unlikely to exclude a null result, even when treatments differ substantially. Bayesian methods utilise all available data to calculate probabilities that may be extrapolated directly to clinical practice. Funding bodies should therefore fund a repertoire of small trials, which need have no predetermined end, alongside standard larger studies.
Extrication of trapped casualties.
Authors: R Snook
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Molecular processes regulating the gain of NMDA receptors modulate diverse physiological and pathological responses in the CNS. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which neighbor NMDA receptors and which can be coactivated by synaptically released glutamate, couple to several different second messenger pathways, each of which could target NMDA receptors. In CA3 pyramidal cells we show that the activation of mGluR1 potentiates NMDA current via a G-protein-independent mechanism involving Src kinase activation. In contrast, mGluR5-mediated enhancement of NMDA current requires G-protein activation, triggering a signaling cascade including protein kinase C and Src. These results indicate that one neurotransmitter, glutamate, can activate two distinct and independent signaling systems to target the same effector. These two pathways are likely to contribute significantly to the highly differentiated control of NMDA receptor function.
Effects of airborne pollutants on mucociliary clearance.
Authors: R K Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The mucociliary clearance system is a first line of defense against inhaled agents, and so its compromise can adversely affect health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of data on the effect of in vivo air pollutant exposures on the clearance of test particles from airways. Data from both animals and humans are compared whenever possible, so that estimates of human health effects may be made. Mechanisms of action are also discussed, presenting the view that for low level exposures, changes in secretions are probably responsible for most observed changes in clearance. The pollutants pertinent to this review are those that are common in the environment and most likely to have impacts on large numbers of people: sulfur oxides, sulfuric acid mist, O3, NO2, particulates, diesel exhaust, and cigarette smoke.
MENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY UNDER MILITARY LAW
Authors: ABNER E. LIPSCOMB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

In conclusion and to answer more particularly the questions listed at the beginning of this article, it should be observed that military justice in determining the issue of mental accountability is not controlled by any conventional, legal or medical definition of sanity and that certainly it is not restricted to the concepts of the English law of one hundred years ago. On the contrary, military justice has evolved a unique standard of mental accountability which includes not only the concepts involved in the traditional so-called right and wrong test but also the more liberal and humane concept of moral justice involved in the so-called irresistible impulse test. In incorporating this latter concept into its standard of mental accountability, military justice has recognized the scientific truth that the capacity to feel remorse and to distinguish between right and wrong does not necessarily imply power to control conduct. It has thus compromised the law's traditional arbitrary concept that all persons within certain categories possess absolute freedom of will and that all persons within other categories possess none. It has repudiated the conventional legal position as stated in Holloway v. United States, supra, that, "For the purposes of conviction there is no twilight zone between abnormality and insanity. An offender is wholly sane or wholly insane." In other words, the military justice standard of mental accountability represents a compromise between law and medical science, a compromise between the concept of sanity and justice of the ordinary man and the concept of justice and sanity of the modern psychiatrist. It admits that a man may walk and talk rationally and yet not be medically, morally or legally responsible for his conduct. Athough it has not been entirely satisfactory to the lawyer or to the psychiatrist, it possesses distinct merit. It is based upon the fundamental principle of criminal justice that a crime has not been committed unless the accused, at the time of the particular offense complained of, possessed the necessary mental intent or attitude. Obviously, without a knowledge of the rightness or wrongness of an act, an accused could not have a criminal mind. Likewise, if the accused, because of mental illness, is deprived of the power of choice or of volition he does not possess the mental attitude essential to criminal responsibility. Moreover, the military justice standard is not a test of sanity or insanity as those words are generally understood. It employs neither word and it does not require a determination as to the existence of either condition. Since the standard is free from the restraints of dogma and from inflexible legal and medical definitions, it should remain useful despite changing views as to the nature and scope of mental diseases. Regardless, however, of its merits the problem of its just application is a difficult one and one which calls for intellectual humility and painstaking effort on the part of all concerned.
Visualization of Ventricular Septal Defects by Cardiac Ultrasonography
Authors: DONALD LATHAM KING, CARL N. STEEG, KENT ELLIS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Anatomically true cross-sectional ultrasonic images of the heart have demonstrated ventricular septal defects in 25 patients with this lesion as an isolated anomaly or in conjunction with other defects. In two additional patients a defect was visualized but confirmation was not obtained. Ventricular septal defects were not demonstrated in 13 other patients in whom this lesion was identified by other techniques. In these instances the lesion was not sought for, was inaccessible, or was too small to image. Defects were manifested by the septum overriding the posterior great artery, septal discontinuity immediately below the posterior semilunar valve, or a discontinuity caudal to the posterior semilunar valve. It appears that cardiac ultrasonography may be able to demonstrate most of the common larger ventricular septal defects occurring in the infracristal region of the septum.
Fungal Peritonitis in Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Emanuela Cecchin, Giacomo Panarello, Sergio De Marchi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Fungal Peritonitis in Ambulatory Peritoneal DialysisEMANUELA CECCHIN, M.D., GIACOMO PANARELLO, M.D., SERGIO DE MARCHI, M.D.EMANUELA CECCHIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GIACOMO PANARELLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SERGIO DE MARCHI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-321_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Kerr and associates (1) conclude that the benefit of chemotherapy in the management of fungal peritonitis in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is of secondary importance to the removal of the peritoneal catheter and that the catheter should be removed once the diagnosis of fungal peritonitis has been established.Between 1980 and 1982, we saw three patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with fungal peritonitis, accounting for 5% of our total number of patients with peritonitis. The etiologic agents wereTorulopsis glabratain two patients andCandida albicansin one. All patients presented with abdominal pain,...References1. KERRPERFECTCRAVEN CJP. Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:334-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEMPERTJONES KJ. Flucytosine-miconazole treatment of candida peritonitis, its use during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Arch Intern Med. 1982;142:577-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPharmacological Alterations of Peritoneal Transport Rates and Pharmacokinetics in Peritoneal DialysisPaecilomyces varioti peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysisPharmacologic alterations of peritoneal transport rates and pharmacokinetics of the peritoneumInfections of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis CathetersPersistence of Candida Despite Seemingly Adequate Systemic and Intraperitoneal Amphotericin B Treatment in a Patient on CAPDFungal Peritonitis and Peritoneal CathetersARLEN G. FLEISHER, M.D., FRED KIMMELSTIEL, M.D., CONRAD G. LATTES, M.D., ROBERT E. MILLER, M.D.Torulopsis glabrata Peritonitis Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Successful Management With Oral 5-Fluorocytosine 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 321-321KeywordsAbdominal painCandida albicansCathetersChemotherapyPeritoneal dialysisPeritonitis Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...