tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-1.
Authors: H Abe, N Yamada, K Kamata, T Kuwaki, M Shimada, J Osuga, F Shionoiri, N Yahagi, T Kadowaki, H Tamemoto, S Ishibashi, Y Yazaki, M Makuuchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Insulin resistance is often associated with atherosclerotic diseases in subjects with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. This study examined the effects of insulin resistance on coronary risk factors in IRS-1 deficient mice, a nonobese animal model of insulin resistance. Blood pressure and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly higher in IRS-1 deficient mice than in normal mice. Impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was also observed in IRS-1 deficient mice. Furthermore, lipoprotein lipase activity was lower than in normal mice, suggesting impaired lipolysis to be involved in the increase in plasma triglyceride levels under insulin-resistant conditions. Thus, insulin resistance plays an important role in the clustering of coronary risk factors which may accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with insulin resistance.
Prevalence of Significant Noncardiac Findings on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium Screening Examinations
Authors: Karen M. Horton, Wendy S. Post, Roger S. Blumenthal, Elliot K. Fishman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Screening electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) examinations for the detection and quantification of coronary artery calcification are being performed throughout the country. In addition to information about the heart, great vessels, and coronary arteries, these examinations include portions of the lungs, bony thorax, and upper abdomen. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of significant noncardiac findings in a series of patients undergoing coronary artery calcification screening studies with EBCT scanning. Methods and Results — Between January 1, 2001, and October 1, 2001, 1326 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery calcification screening with EBCT (3-mm-thick slices were obtained at 3-mm intervals). Two board-certified radiologists reviewed the examinations on a workstation using standard mediastinal windows, lung windows, and bone windows. Significant extracardiac abnormalities were noted. Of 1326 patients, 103 (7.8%) had significant extracardiac pathology requiring clinical or imaging follow-up. These included 53 patients with noncalcified lung nodules &lt;1 cm, 12 patients with lung nodules ≥1 cm, 24 patients with infiltrates, 7 patients with indeterminate liver lesions, 2 patients with sclerotic bone lesions, 2 patients with breast abnormalities, 1 patient with polycystic liver disease, 1 patient with esophageal thickening, and 1 patient with ascites. Conclusions — In this study, 7.8% of patients undergoing screening EBCT examinations for coronary artery calcification were found to have important extracardiac pathology requiring additional work-up. Therefore, it is essential that a radiologist review the entire examination.
A 61-Year-Old Man With Parkinson's Disease-Reply
Authors: C. Warren Olanow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Dr Hayes' points regarding the potential interaction between selegiline and SSRIs are worthy of consideration. It was not my intent to minimize the seriousness of the serotonin reaction, merely to represent that this reaction has primarily been described with the combination of an SSRI and nonselective MAO inhibitors. In contrast, this reaction is rare with drugs that selectively inhibit only the MAO-B isoform such as selegiline. Somerset Pharmaceuticals, the distributors of selegiline in the United States, have only 48 reports of possible serotonin interactions on file despite the many thousands of patients who have received selegiline in combination with antidepressants during the 10 years the drug has been approved for use in the United States. 1 Parkinson Study Group investigators report a serotoninlike syndrome in only 11 (0.24%) of 4568 patients taking selegiline with an antidepressant and only 2 (0.04%) of these were deemed to be serious. 2 It is
Recovery After Myocardial Infarction-1
Authors: C. W. H. Havard
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Coronary artery disease is a common clinical problem to every practitioner.It causes the loss of more years of working life than any other disease.It claims one-third of all deaths in middle age, and the mortality increases every year.Deaths from myocardial infarction in England and Wales climbed from 28,500 in 1949 to 106,000 in 1963, and the mortality from this disease now exceeds that of all forms of cancer.The destruction of so many men in the prime of life has enlivened public interest, and advice is frequently sought by patients and relatives on the measures that can be taken to prevent further attacks.Yet despite the frequency of this disease neither the aetiology of the underlying atheroma nor the cause of the intravascular thrombosis is known.Rational treatment and prevention are therefore difficult, and authority, tradition, and prejudice flavour the therapeutic advice given to these patients.This review is primarily concerned with the management of the patient who has recovered from a myo- cardial infarction.
MECCA AND EUROPE
Authors: Chas. Monk
Journal: BMJ (1908)

who Is well-known as a pioneer In this country In, radiographic work, has, as a result of this work, developed cancer of the skin of both hands.It has been found neceseary to amputate one hand, and It is feared that he will lose the other.Dr. Hall-Edwards Is, In consequence, deprived of all means of earning a livelihood, and has to fate an uncerbain future with the added distress of financial difficulty.It Is hoped to ratse a lund to put him beyond the reach of want, and for this purpose a local committee was formed at a meeting, presided over by Sir Oliver Lodge, on March 5th.About £600 has been promised, and it is hoped that the medical profession throughout the country will show its sympathy by contributing to the needs of one who, by his ploneer work, has helped to make the road easy and Eate for those who fcllow htm.-We are, etc.,
Regulatory body proposed for acupuncturists and herbalists
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United Kingdom could have its own regulatory body for acupuncturists and herbal medicine practitioners in the next two years if new government proposals outlined last week are agreed.

The move was prompted by the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, which in November 2000 recommended statutory regulation for acupuncturists and herbal medicine practitioners, an estimated 4000 of whom are not regulated by other bodies.

The proposals, which are out for consultation until 7 June, include the establishment of a complementary and alternative medicine council, covering all four countries …
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Clinical Presentation and new Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: E.M.H. Mathus-Vliegen, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A new treatment strategy is presented and evaluated in 5 patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, in an effort to preserve bowel integrity and to eliminate the threat of a short bowel. After conventional endoscopic polypectomy of all reachable lesions, peroperative endoscopic polypectomy is scheduled. Endoscopic peroperative panpolypectomy is carried out and only in bulky, broadbased, multiple or invaginating polyps is an enterotomy or a resection - kept to a minimum thanks to the information provided by the endoscopist - performed. The procedure was well tolerated, hospitalization was remarkably short, and the subsequent follow-up period free of readmission - in contrast to previous observation periods. It is, however, a tedious and time-consuming method, and close collaboration between endoscopist and surgeon is urgently required.
Basics: Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain in Neonates and Children
Authors: Tiffany L. Brainerd
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serological identification of HSP105 as a novel non-Hodgkin lymphoma therapeutic target
Authors: Roberta Zappasodi, Italia Bongarzone, Gaia C. Ghedini, Lorenzo Castagnoli, Antonello D. Cabras, Antonella Messina, Monica Tortoreto, Claudio Tripodo, Michele Magni, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Alessandro M. Gianni, Serenella M. Pupa, Massimo Di Nicola
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Health Care Market
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The preeminent view among the American public, its elected federal and state officials, and the health policy community is that competition and the market will accomplish many of the critical reforms proposed by President Clinton, in particular moderating costs and improving quality, even if this approach falls short of providing universal health insurance coverage. Further, that the American public will be much better off for avoiding added microincursions of government into the management of its health care system with consumers, rather than bureaucrats, determining future decisions. How well do these assumptions about the superiority of the market to allocate revenues in health care and expand consumer choice square with the trends of the past 3 decades, the situation today, and the likely developments tomorrow? <h3>A Backward Look</h3> To preview my conclusions: almost everything that has happened since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 has indicated a pronounced shift
Fixation of sulphur in the gut by bismuth salts
Authors: J. T. Wright, J. Gupte
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This study arose from an observation 50 years ago that the dark colour of the stools during the administration of bismuth salts was due to bismuth sulphide, and provides quantitative data on sulphur fixation by bismuth salts.Whether the fixation of sulphur has a therapeutic advantage has yet to be studied.During established administration of bismuth carbonate (37 specimens) Mean
Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures.
Authors: David O Carpenter, Kathleen Arcaro, David C Spink
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Most research on the effects of chemicals on biologic systems is conducted on one chemical at a time. However, in the real world people are exposed to mixtures, not single chemicals. Although various substances may have totally independent actions, in many cases two substances may act at the same site in ways that can be either additive or nonadditive. Many even more complex interactions may occur if two chemicals act at different but related targets. In the extreme case there may be synergistic effects, in which case the effects of two substances together are greater than the sum of either effect alone. In reality, most persons are exposed to many chemicals, not just one or two, and therefore the effects of a chemical mixture are extremely complex and may differ for each mixture depending on the chemical composition. This complexity is a major reason why mixtures have not been well studied. In this review we attempt to illustrate some of the principles and approaches that can be used to study effects of mixtures. By the nature of the state of the science, this discussion is more a presentation of what we do not know than of what we do know about mixtures. We approach the study of mixtures at three levels, using specific examples. First, we discuss several human diseases in relation to a variety of environmental agents believed to influence the development and progression of the disease. We present results of selected cellular and animal studies in which simple mixtures have been investigated. Finally, we discuss some of the effects of mixtures at a molecular level.
Abstract 5203: Identification of an intrinsic determinant critical for maspin subcellular localization and function.
Authors: Sijana H. Dzinic, Alexander Kaplun, Xiaohua Li, Margarida M. Bernardo, Ivory Dean, Fulvio Lonardo, Shijie Sheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Abstract: Maspin is a novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that does not act as a classical serine protease inhibitor. Our lab demonstrated that maspin directly inhibits the serine protease-like enzyme, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which is a major deacetylase up-regulated in many types of cancers. To our knowledge, maspin is the only endogenous polypeptide inhibitor of HDAC1 identified thus far. Interestingly, the differential regulation of maspin during tumor progression is characterized by changes in overall expression and subcellular distribution. In particular, a significant shift in maspin subcellular localization from the nucleus to the cytosol has been observed at the transition from benign epithelial cells to precancerous or low grade carcinoma cells. Accumulated clinical evidence suggests that nuclear retention of maspin is correlated with better overall patient survival. We propose that hypothesized that the configuration and conformation of maspin coded by its primary sequence, i.e. cis elements are the key determinants for where maspin may be retained in a given molecular context. We noted that at the C-terminal end of the RCL sequence is an Aspartate 346 (D346) which is also unique among all maspin homologs and orthologs. In the current study, using the mutagenesis approach, we aimed to determine whether D346 acts as the cis element essential for maspin subcellular localization and function. We showed that in comparison to the maspinWT, which is distributed in both cytosol and nuclei of cancer cells, maspinD346E is predominantly localized in the nuclei of cancer cells. In addition, maspinD346E had an increased affinity towards HDAC1 and it was more effective inhibitor of HDAC1 as compared to the maspinWT. These findings led to a novel molecular model that explains how maspin may be disregulated during tumor progression resulting in loss of its tumor suppressive potential. Citation Format: Sijana H. Dzinic, Alexander Kaplun, Xiaohua Li, Margarida M. Bernardo, Ivory Dean, Fulvio Lonardo, Shijie Sheng. Identification of an intrinsic determinant critical for maspin subcellular localization and function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5203
Should We Accept Mediocrity?
Authors: F A Manian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The phrase “quality improvement in health care” has come into widespread use since the early 1990s. As physicians, we are expected to heed the advice of the experts to strive continuously to improve the quality of care given to our patients. The concept is difficult to challenge, for we can all improve the ways in which we render care to our patients. Unfortunately, at least at the level of the individual patient, any move toward quality improvement is hampered by the recent changes in health care delivery, or so it seems to me.No, I don't mind being told that . . .
MEMBRANOUS STRICTURES OF THE ESOPHAGUS OF OBSCURE ETIOLOGY
Authors: WILLIAM LERCHE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The occurrence within a year of three cases of benign cryptogenic stricture of the esophagus has indicated that the condition may be of relatively frequent occurrence. These strictures have occurred in the cervical part of the esophagus in women, the youngest of whom was 32, and the other two 67 years of age. When a middle-aged or elderly patient complains of difficulty in swallowing, it is apt to be diagnosticated offhand as due to nervousness or cancer, according to the length of time the trouble has lasted. Ocular inspection through the esophagoscope is the only method by which a positive diagnosis can be made in any esophageal disorder, and, in the cases to be presently reported, it would have been impossible to ascertain in pathologic condition in any other way <h3>Case 1.</h3> —The patient was a woman aged 67 with fifteen children, one still-birth. The still-birth occurred at the age of 43, and was followed by sepsis from which the patient was ill for several months. More than eighteen years prior to consultation, she began to have difficulty in swallowing. For ten years she had been unable to take solid food;
Kupffer Cell Suppression of CD8+ T Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Mediated by B7-H1/Programmed Death-1 Interactions
Authors: Ke Wu, Ilona Kryczek, Lieping Chen, Weiping Zou, Theodore H. Welling
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract B7-H1 is a recently identified B7 family member that, along with one of its receptors, programmed death-1 (PD-1), has been involved in multiple immunopathologic scenarios. However, the nature of B7-H1 and PD-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly defined. We investigated the expression and functional relevance of this pathway in patients with HCC. We showed that B7-H1 expression on Kupffer cells (KC) was increased in tumor tissues compared with surrounding nontumor liver tissues in patients with HCC and this correlated with poorer survival. Coculture of HCC cells with monocytes showed that tumor-associated interleukin-10 contributed to the induction of B7-H1 in the HCC environment. We further observed that the levels of PD-1+CD8+ T cells were higher in tumor tissues than in nontumor tissues. B7-H1+ KCs and PD-1+ T cells were colocalized in the HCC stroma. PD-1+CD8+ T cells had decreased proliferative ability and effector function as shown by reduced granule and cytokine expression compared with PD-1− T cells. Importantly, blocking KC B7-H1 interaction with PD-1+CD8+ cells using neutralizing antibodies recovered effector T-cell function. Our data indicate that the B7-H1/PD-1 axis contributes to immune suppression in human HCC, with blockade of this pathway carrying important therapeutic implications. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):8067–75]
Abandonment of treatment for childhood cancer: position statement of a SIOP PODC Working Group
Authors: Saskia Mostert, Ramandeep Singh Arora, Magda Arreola, Poonam Bagai, Paola Friedrich, Sumit Gupta, Geetinder Kaur, Bindu Koodiyedath, Ketan Kulkarni, Catherine G Lam, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Barry Pizer, Silvia Rivas, Nuria Rossell, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Argerie Tsimicalis, Meaghann Weaver, Raul C Ribeiro
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Australia makes a start on primary healthcare reform, at last
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

More than three years after its initial election with a mandate for health reform, Australia’s Labor government has released plans for how it expects a new national network of primary healthcare organisations to operate.

The first 15 of the organisations, to be called Medicare Locals, are due to start in July, with the remainder expected to be in operation by the middle of next year, when all core funding for Divisions of General Practice will cease.

The government released guidelines for Medicare Local applicants on 22 February giving Divisions of General Practice and other applicants a deadline of several weeks (April 5), although the boundaries for the organisations are not yet finalised.

Health policy experts have raised concerns about the ability of Medicare Locals to bring about change, and warn that they may not lead to a healthier population, or a fairer, better healthcare system.

Medicare Locals are to be established as independent companies, and managed by skills-based boards. They are expected to operate under an organisational membership model, with members such as local …
Multimedia: Forensic Sciences in Clinical Medicine: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Kevin Hollowood, Deborah Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1999)

William R Anderson


Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, £123.95, pp 272 




ISBN 0 397 58777 5

———————

Rating: ★★

Forensic pathologists have undoubted expertise in documenting and interpreting injuries. However, at least in the United Kingdom, their main audience is the legal profession in coroner’s, civil, and criminal courts. Dr Anderson, an American forensic pathologist with over 20 years’ experience, argues that their experience could be usefully applied to the audit of the clinical outcomes and the education of clinicians involved in the management of trauma victims. He has attempted to implement this philosophy in this text, directing it at trauma clinicians as well as forensic and general pathologists. Consequently, in contrast to other forensic pathology textbooks, this monograph is much more clinically oriented.

Individual chapters are based predominantly on types of injury or post-traumatic complications. They are centred on a series of case histories from the author’s personal case files. The text consists almost entirely of a series of extended picture legends to over 700 colour and black and white photographs, mainly of the gross injuries but also of trauma scenes, histopathological sections, electrocardiograms, and radiographs.

The idiosyncratic organisation provides both the major strengths and weaknesses of the book. The quantity of illustrations far exceeds the standard forensic pathology texts, with abundant photographs of the appearances of a wide variety of injuries, but some are clearly superfluous and, although the clinical and macroscopic autopsy pictures are largely of good quality, many of the photomicrographs are poor. The accompanying text contains much useful information, and some of the case histories provide compelling reading and several salutary lessons. However, the exercise occasionally becomes irritating because text and accompanying illustration are often separated, necessitating frequent page turning, there is unnecessary repetition, and the text sometimes alternates confusingly between different case histories.

Nevertheless, this publication presents an interesting and novel approach that, if one can persevere with the deficiencies of organisation, could be usefully read by trainee forensic pathologists, general pathologists involved in coroner’s work, forensic physicians, and any clinicians involved in the management of trauma and its medicolegal implications. Indeed, any clinicians who may encounter victims of general physical or sexual assaults would be well advised to at least read the sections on evidence management and guidelines on chain of custody.