tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Haptoglobin Phenotype on the Size of a Myocardial Infarct
Authors: Jean-Paul Chapelle, Adelin Albert, Jean-Pierre Smeets, Camille Heusghem, Henri E. Kulbertus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We investigated the relation between haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes and serum levels of various biochemical markers after myocardial infarction in 496 patients. In 122 subjects selected on the basis of short delays until hospitalization, patients with Hp 2-2 had higher cumulated creatine kinase activity than patients with Hp 1-1, or Hp 2-1 (P less than 0.05), as well as higher myoglobin concentrations (P less than 0.02) 12 to 28 hours after admission. Comparison of serum enzyme activities in the remaining 374 patients confirmed that Hp 2-2 patients had significantly higher total creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase peak levels. Complications of left ventricular failure were more frequent in these patients (P = 0.05). Our results suggest that Hp 2-2 patients have more severe myocardial infarctions than Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 patients, However, no difference in the distribution of haptoglobin phenotype was found between patients who had a myocardial infarction and healthy subjects, indicating that Hp 2-2 does not predispose to the occurrence of infarction.
Low protein diet and chronic renal failure in Buddhist monks.
Authors: V Sitprija, R Suvanpha
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Clinical observations were made in five Buddhist monks with chronic renal failure on a low protein diet. These monks consumed only one meal and meditated three to four times a day. The estimated protein intake was from 15 to 19 g a day. Renal function remained stable over three years of observation. The general condition was satisfactory without any evidence of protein energy malnutrition. The data were compared with those of another group of patients who had a comparable degree of impairment of renal function but who consumed three meals a day of low protein diet. Protein intake was estimated to be from 25 to 30 g a day. These patients developed uraemia with severe renal failure and protein deficiency within three years. The findings support the role of protein restriction in maintenance of renal function in chronic renal failure and perhaps suggest a beneficial role for meditation.
IgE antibodies to ω‐5 gliadin associate with immediate symptoms on oral wheat challenge in Japanese children
Authors: K. Ito, M. Futamura, M. P. Borres, Y. Takaoka, J. Dahlstrom, T. Sakamoto, A. Tanaka, K. Kohno, H. Matsuo, E. Morita
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Gliadins have been implicated in immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy to ingested wheat and ω‐5‐gliadin is known to represent a major allergen in wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis. Less known is whether ω‐5‐gliadin is a clinically relevant allergen in children with immediate allergy to ingested wheat. This study investigates whether specific IgE antibodies to ω‐5‐gliadin (sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab) could be used as a marker for oral wheat challenge outcome in wheat‐sensitized children. A secondary objective was to study whether the level of sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin was related to symptom severity in children with a positive challenge test. Methods: Serum samples from 88 children sensitized to wheat, of whom 35 underwent wheat challenge, were collected consecutively. sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab was related to a physician’s diagnosis of wheat allergy and challenge symptoms. Results: The mean concentration of sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab was 7.25 kU A /l in patients with wheat allergy and 1.08 kU A /l in patients with no wheat allergy ( P &lt; 0.01). sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab was only detected in 12 of the non‐wheat allergic children and 11 of them had a specific IgE to wheat below 1.30 kU A /l. Children reacting with severe symptoms upon challenge ( n = 8) had increased levels of sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab compared to children with moderate, mild or no symptoms ( P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab is related to the reaction level to wheat challenge outcome in wheat‐sensitized children. The sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab was found to be associated with a strong convincing history of wheat allergy also in those cases when oral food challenge was avoided. The sIgE‐ω‐5‐gliadin‐ab level may serve as a marker for clinical reactivity in wheat‐sensitized individuals.
Effects of verapamil and propranolol on left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease: radionuclide angiographic studies at rest and during exercise.
Authors: R O Bonow, M B Leon, D R Rosing, K M Kent, L C Lipson, S L Bacharach, M V Green, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine the effects of verapamil on left ventricular (LV) systolic function and diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we performed gated radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise in 16 symptomatic patients before and during oral verapamil therapy (480 mg/day). Twelve patients were also studied during oral propranolol (160--320 mg/day). LV ejection fraction at rest was normal in 13 patients, but abnormal diastolic filling at rest, defined as peak filling rate (PFR) less than 2.5 end-diastolic volumes (EDV)/sec or time to PFR greater than 180 msec, was present in 15. During verapamil, resting ejection fraction decreased (control 50 +/- 10% [+/- SD), verapamil 45 +/- 12%, p less than 0.005), but resting diastolic filling improved: PFR increased (control 1.9 +/- 0.6 EDV/sec, verapamil 2.3 +/- 0.9 ECV/sec, p less than 0.005) and time to PFR decreased (control 185 +/- 38 msec, verapamil 161 +/- 27 msec, p less than 0.05). Exercise ejection fraction did not change during verapamil (control 42 +/- 13%, verapamil 43 +/- 12%, NS), but exercise PFR increased (control 3.1 +/- 0.9 EDV/sec, verapamil 3.6 +/- 1.1 EDV/sec, p less than 0.05) and exercise time to PFR decreased (control 108 +/- 30 msec, verapamil 91 +/- 17 msec, p less than 0.05). In contrast, propranolol did not alter ejection fraction, PFR, or time to PFR at rest or during exercise. Thus, LV ejection fraction is decreased by verapamil at rest but is unchanged during exercise. While LV systolic function is not improved by verapamil, LV diastolic filling is enhanced by verapamil, both at rest and during exercise. These mechanisms may account in part for the symptomatic improvement in many patients during verapamil therapy.
Left ventricular dysfunction due to diffuse multiple vessel coronary artery spasm can be concealed in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Takumi Inami, Masaharu Kataoka, Nobuhiko Shimura, Haruhisa Ishiguro, Hideyasu Kohshoh, Hiroki Taguchi, Ryoji Yanagisawa, Yukiko Hara, Toru Satoh, Hideaki Yoshino
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Ireland poised to allow abortion when mother's life at risk
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Irish government has published the heads of a bill that would allow abortion in Ireland in limited circumstances.

In the case of a physical threat to the life of a mother, the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013, will require two consultants (of whom one will be the woman’s obstetrician) to approve an abortion.

If there is a “real and substantial” risk to the life of the pregnant woman owing to the risk of suicide, three consultants will be required to certify the need for a termination of pregnancy. While the woman’s general practitioner should be consulted by at least one of those doctors where possible, the general practitioner is not required to certify the need for a termination.

The …
Topical glycopyrrolate for axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: A. MacKenzie, C. Burns, G. Kavanagh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Topical glycopyrrolate for axillary hyperhidrosis Get access A. MacKenzie, A. MacKenzie Department of Dermatology The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9YW U.K E‐mail: andrewmackenzie@nhs.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Burns, C. Burns Department of Dermatology The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9YW U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Kavanagh G. Kavanagh Department of Dermatology The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9YW U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 2, 1 August 2013, Pages 483–484, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12320 Published: 01 August 2013
A SIMPLE AND INVISIBLE DROP-FOOT BRACE
Authors: Walter I. Galland
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the infantile paralysis clinic of the Hospital for Joint Diseases, and in the orthopedic dispensary of the Lenox Hill Hospital, I have encountered many cases of paralytic drop foot in which the use of a brace is indicated. These cases usually comprise children with severe paralysis of the dorsiflexor muscles, but with little absolute deformity of the architecture of the foot, and with good functional use of the leg and thigh. The brace usually given in these cases consists of a metal foot plate which is joined at the upper extremity by a calf band. A single upright is sometimes used. A joint is provided at the ankle with a stop which permits dorsiflexion only, and does not permit the foot to drop below a right angle with the leg. Jones and Lovett describe a less conspicuous brace consisting of two strips of steel running inside from the top
A Pretreatment Table for the Prediction of Final Histopathology after Radical Prostatectomy in Clinical Unilateral T3a Prostate Cancer
Authors: Steven Joniau, Chao-Yu Hsu, Evelyne Lerut, Anthony Van Baelen, Karin Haustermans, Tania Roskams, Raymond Oyen, Hein Van Poppel
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Identification of patients with atrial fibrillation in general practice
Authors: M. Sudlow, H. Rodgers, R. A. Kenny, R. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Roderick and Cox's work shows that it is feasible to identify patients with atrial fibrillation in clinical practice, which confirms the suggestions from our data. They say, however, that only a small proportion of those detected would be eligible for and would accept warfarin treatment. Their eligibility estimates are considerably lower than our own,1 and we suspect that this difference partly reflects the effect of using different eligibility criteria, which we have noted previously.2 Patients' understanding of the risks and benefits …
Scintigraphic Evidence of Post-Surgical Rib Regrowth
Authors: MERITA A. BANIA, JORDAN A. NEGRIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Regeneration of a portion of a previously resected rib may occur because periosteum is usually left in place. Bony connections sometimes develop between adjacent ribs and single resected ribs. Moreover, when autologpus perichondrium from rabbit rib cartilage is transplanted, new cartilage will form.
A131: Associations of Short-Term Pollution Exposures With Childhood Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Andrew Zeft, C. Arden Pope
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a 2.5–mm cut point, PM2.5) is a measurable component of ambient urban pollution. Our preliminary data suggests that short-term PM2.5 exposures are associated with the clinical presentation of Juvenile idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in young children ([1]). In this EPA funded project, we are further testing the hypothesis that clinical autoimmune disease presentation and exacerbation is associated with exposures to short–term pollution, focusing on PM2.5. We are establishing associations between short–term PM2.5 exposure and the clinical onset of systemic onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritics (soJIA) and Kawasaki Disease (KD) and the clinical exacerbation of Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP).



Methods:

Cases are from existing physician operated SoJIA and KD datasets diagnosed in United States and Canadian metropolitan regions. Cases of HSP arise from a US national hospital database (Children's Hospital Association). The study utilizes a case–crossover study design to define associations of short-term PM2.5 with the event dates of symptom onset of soJIA and KD (fever onset) and of hospitalization for HSP exacerbation from metropolitan regions, stratified by parameters of disease activity.



Results:

We have assembled PM2.5 exposure measurements from urban monitors and have carefully imputed PM2.5 to provide day–to–day temporal variability and resolution for reliable time series indexes of pollution exposures for each metropolitan area (Philadelphia, Boston, Toronto, Chicago, Atlanta, Cincinnati, San Diego, Salt Lake City, Denver, Cleveland). To date, case–crossover analysis results establishing risk of the event dates of clinical symptom onset and hospitalization exacerbation for the pediatric rheumatic diseases under study are preliminary.



Conclusion:

Well–constructed, environmental epidemiology studies examining the triggers of disease onset and exacerbation in pediatric rheumatic diseases are few and far between. Findings from this Environmental Protection Agency funded project will have a significant impact on the field of particulate induced environmental epidemiology research of autoimmune disease.
IL-13 mediates IL-33–dependent mast cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cell effects on bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Deepti R. Nagarkar, Vladimir Ramirez-Carrozzi, David F. Choy, Kevin Lee, Robert Soriano, Guiquan Jia, Alexander R. Abbas, Zora Modrusan, Rajita Pappu, Joseph R. Arron
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Replanning of an intensive therapy unit
Authors: D W Ryan, P F Copeland, J Miller, R Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Considerable effort is needed when replanning an intensive therapy unit to avoid repeating mistakes in design, such as lack of windows and an impractical working area. Early consultation with the nursing and medical staff primarily responsible for such a unit is essential. The considerable technological innovations in intensive care will require flexibility in the future if they are to be incorporated into existing facilities.
Physician Participation in Assisted Suicide
Authors: Frederick R. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Without condoning  reflex dispensing of lethal medications, I would nevertheless offer these counterpoints to the thoughtful article by Dr Orentlicher 1 entitled Physician Participation in Assisted Suicide.  If, as he states, a physician provides medical care for two reasons: to sustain life and to relieve suffering, it is clear that when these two worthy goals conflict, it is the patient's right to choose which alternative further medical intervention ought to serve. All of the caveats about what the patient might infer from  physician's acquiescence to assist suicide are well taken. However, they address no new duties for  physician who must always consider the results of his or her actions and words on  patient. Should the patient reject suicide, Dr Orentlicher asks, Will the patient have the same degree of confidence in the physician's commitment to his or her care as previously? It is
Amyloid has new role in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: A. Boulton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Researchers investigating the protein β amyloid—which is deposited in the brain in Alzheimer's disease—have shown that it contributes to vascular damages (see also p 724). Although no new therapeutic spin offs will become immediately available as a result of the work, it does open a new range of promising possibilities.

Writing in Nature …
Imparting the diagnosis of life threatening illness in children.
Authors: H. Woolley, A. Stein, G. C. Forrest, J. D. Baum
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The parents of children with life threatening or terminal illnesses were interviewed about their experiences of the way in which they were told the diagnosis. The interview was piloted on 25 families and then administered in a semistandardised manner to a further 45 families. Parents were asked how satisfied they were with the initial discussion about the diagnosis: 23 families were satisfied with how much information they were given; 22 with the information concerning prognosis; 20 with the pacing of the information; 33 with who was present; 32 with arrangements for follow up; and 26 were satisfied overall with the initial discussion. Clear patterns emerged about which elements of the discussion parents appreciated or resented. For example, they valued an open, sympathetic, direct, and uninterrupted discussion of the diagnosis in private that allowed sufficient time for them to take the news in and for doctors to repeat and clarify information. They disliked evasive or unsympathetic brief interviews. All parents remembered vividly the manner in which the diagnosis was imparted, and some were still preoccupied with this many years later. Analyses were carried out to test the possibility that reports of satisfaction and dissatisfaction were a function of current depression and anxiety, but no evidence was found for this.
Multiple system atrophy following chronic carbon disulfide exposure.
Authors: H Frumkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Carbon disulfide toxicity is well characterized. The principal target organ is the nervous system, although cardiovascular, reproductive, ophthalmologic, and other effects are also recognized. The neurotoxicity manifests in three ways: encephalopathy, peripheral and cranial nerve dysfunction, and movement abnormalities. This report describes a case of olivopontocerebellar atrophy, a form of multiple system atrophy, developing in an adult after over 30 years of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide. The patient presented with the insidious onset of balance problems, impotence, and irritability, without tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, or changes in facial expression. Over the next few years severe ataxia developed, and the clinical diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. The patient experienced multiple medical complications and died approximately 9 years after diagnosis. This case is consistent with a large body of clinical and experimental literature, much of it 50 years old, showing that carbon disulfide can cause movement disorders. It also serves as a reminder that movement disorders, ranging from parkinsonism to dystonia, are associated with a variety of toxic exposures such as manganese, carbon monoxide, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and medications.
Stromal Estrogen Receptor-α Promotes Tumor Growth by Normalizing an Increased Angiogenesis
Authors: Christel Péqueux, Isabelle Raymond-Letron, Silvia Blacher, Frédéric Boudou, Marine Adlanmerini, Marie-José Fouque, Philippe Rochaix, Agnès Noël, Jean-Michel Foidart, Andrée Krust, Pierre Chambon, Laurent Brouchet, Jean-François Arnal, Françoise Lenfant
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Estrogens directly promote the growth of breast cancers that express the estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, the contribution of stromal expression of ERα in the tumor microenvironment to the protumoral effects of estrogen has never been explored. In this study, we evaluated the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol (E2) impacts the microenvironment and modulates tumor development of ERα-negative tumors. Using different mouse models of ER-negative cancer cells grafted subcutaneously into syngeneic ovariectomized immunocompetent mice, we found that E2 potentiates tumor growth, increases intratumoral vessel density, and modifies tumor vasculature into a more regularly organized structure, thereby improving vessel stabilization to prevent tumor hypoxia and necrosis. These E2-induced effects were completely abrogated in ERα-deficient mice, showing a critical role of host ERα. Notably, E2 did not accelerate tumor growth when ERα was deficient in Tie2-positive cells, even in mice grafted with wild-type bone marrow. These results were extended by clinical evidence of ERα-positive stromal cell labeling in the microenvironment of human breast cancers. Together, our findings therefore show that E2 promotes the growth of ERα-negative cancer cells through the activation of stromal ERα (extra-hematopoietic Tie-2 positive cells), which normalizes tumor angiogenesis and allows an adaptation of blood supply to tumors, thereby preventing hypoxia and necrosis. These findings significantly deepen mechanistic insights into the impact of E2 on tumor development with potential consequences for cancer treatment.
Role of poverty must be emphasised
Authors: Jim Black, Bebe Loff, Helen Potts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Malnutrition in children is the end point of a complex chain of causation, including infectious disease, traditional weaning practices, maternal (and paternal) knowledge of child development, standards of hygiene, and much more. Underlying all of these is the real root cause—the unjust distribution of wealth and other resources both within and between countries. Government health workers are commonly the only professionals actively …
Tel Aviv hospital destroys frozen embryos by mistake
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2003)

500 frozen embryos have been mistakenly destroyed in a major hospital near Tel Aviv. The founder and head of the fertility laboratory at the Rabin Medical Centre-Hasharon Campus in Petah Tikva forgot to seal the container, causing the liquid nitrogen to evaporate and the temperature inside to rise.

The hospital informed the health ministry and Clalit Health Services (the health maintenance organisation that owns it) and named a committee of experts to conduct an internal investigation. …
Cellular Action of Antidiuretic Hormone in Mice with Inherited Vasopressin-Resistant Urinary Concentrating Defects
Authors: Thomas P. Dousa, Heinz Valtin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Previous work has suggested that resistance to vasopressin in two strains of mice with nephrogenic deficiency of urinary concentration may entail a defect in the action of vasopressin at the cellular level. Several components involved in this action were therefore examined in vitro in renal medullary tissues from control mice (genotype VII +/+) and two genotypes with mild diabetes insipidus (DI +/+ nonsevere) and marked (DI +/+ severe) vasopressin-resistant concentrating defects. No significant differences were found in the affinity of adenylate cyclase for [8-arginine]-vasopressin (AVP), tested over a range of hormone concentration from 10(-10) to 10(-5) M. However, maximal stimulation of adenylate cyclase by saturating concentrations of AVP (intrinsic activity) was markedly decreased from control values in DI +/+ severe mice, and decreased to a lesser extent in DI +/+ nonsevere animals. A significant correlation was found between the activity of adenylate cyclase maximally stimulated by AVP in a given genotype, and the urine osmolality in the same animals. There were no significant differences in maximal stimulation of renal medullary adenylate cyclase in control experiments: not when stimulated nonspecifically by sodium fluoride, nor when stimulated by AVP in tissues from rats with induced water diuresis as compared to antidiuretic rats. Nor were there significant differences between VII +/+ and DI +/+ severe mice in the activity of renal cortical adenylate cyclase, either basal or when stimulated by parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, the abnormal genotypes did not differ significantly from control mice in the renal medullary activities of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, nor in the content of microtubular subunits (assessed as colchicinebinding protein). The results are compatible with the view that impaired stimulation of renal medullary adenylate cyclase by vasopressin might be the sole or contributing cause of the vasopressin-resistant concentrating defect in the diseased mice; however, a causal relationship has not yet been proved.