tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;APOE&lt;/EMPH&gt;-∊4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease Among African Americans, Whites, and Hispanics
Authors: Ming-Xin Tang
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Although the association between Alzheimer disease (AD) and the apolipoprotein E ∊4 (APOE-∊4) allele has been confirmed worldwide, it appears to be inconsistent among African Americans, Hispanics, and Nigerians.Objective.—To investigate the association between the APOE-∊4 allele and AD in elderly African Americans, Hispanics, and whites.Design.—Prospective, population-based, longitudinal study over a 5-year period (1991-1996).Setting.—The Washington Heights–Inwood community of New York City.Participants.—A total of 1079 Medicare recipients without AD or a related disorder at baseline.Main Outcome Measures.—Risk of clinically diagnosed AD in the 3 ethnic groups and among individuals with and without an APOE-∊4 allele.Results.—Compared with individuals with the APOE-∊3/∊3 genotype, the relative risk (RR) of AD associated with 1 or more copies of the APOE-∊4 allele was significantly increased among whites (RR, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-6.4), but not among African Americans (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.6) or Hispanics (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.6). In the absence of the APOE-∊4 allele, the cumulative risks of AD to age 90 years, adjusted for education and sex, were 4 times higher for African Americans (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.3-8.6) and 2 times higher for Hispanics (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3) than for whites. In the presence of an APOE-∊4 allele, the cumulative risk of AD to age 90 years was similar for individuals in all 3 ethnic groups.Conclusion.—The presence of an APOE-∊4 allele is a determinant of AD risk in whites, but African Americans and Hispanics have an increased frequency of AD regardless of their APOE genotype. These results suggest that other genes or risk factors may contribute to the increased risk of AD in African Americans and Hispanics.
Timing of Vulnerability of the Brain to Iodine Deficiency in Endemic Cretinism
Authors: Xue-Yi Cao, Xin-Min Jiang, Zhi-Hong Dou, Murdon Abdul Rakeman, Ming-Li Zhang, Karen O'Donnell, Tai Ma, Kareem Amette, Nancy DeLong, G. Robert DeLong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Endemic cretinism, caused by severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy, is the world's most common preventable cause of mental retardation. It can be prevented by iodine treatment before conception, but whether it can be prevented or ameliorated by treatment during pregnancy or after delivery is not known.
Radiologic Notes in Cardiology
Authors: MURRAY G. BARON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Detection of postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle has become increasingly important with the development of surgical techniques for the treatment of this lesion. Although the diagnosis can be established in some cases from chest films and cardiac fluoroscopy, angiocardiography is required for adequate preoperative evaluation. If surgery to excise the aneurysm is contemplated, coronary angiography should also be performed.
Surgery for Patients with Carotid-Artery Murmurs
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The data with which one can make decisions concerning the care of patients with cervical murmurs are rapidly accumulating. Within the past few years there have been several studies1 2 3 of the prevalence of cervical murmurs in white populations, in which a surprising 4 per cent of patients older than 45 have had them. The rate of murmurs is about 2 per cent at age 45 but more than 6 per cent by 75. Although there are many causes of bruits, the vast majority are related to atherosclerosis.4 , 5 Therefore, intense investigation is being directed toward whether they can serve as markers . . .
Prognostic Factors and Outcome for Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Underwent Surgical Resection Alone: Evaluation of the Seventh Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shao-bin Chen, Hong-rui Weng, Geng Wang, Jie-sheng Yang, Wei-ping Yang, Di-tian Liu, Yu-ping Chen, Hao Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Winther: A Study to Select Rational Therapeutics Based On the Analysis of Tumor and Matched Normal Tissue Biopsies in Subjects with Advanced Malignancies
Authors: J.C. Soria, A. Tsimberidou, R. Kurzrock, J. Tabernero, J. Rodon, R. Berger, A. Onn, G. Batist, C. Bresson, V. Lazar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Efficacy and Safety of d,l-Sotalol in Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia and in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Wilhelm Haverkamp, Antonio Martinez-Rubio, Christiene Hief, Andreas Lammers, Stefan Mühlenkamp, Thomas Wichter, Günter Breithardt, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Mitochondrial Genome Evolution in the Social Amoebae
Authors: A. J. Heidel, G. Glockner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Most mitochondria contain a core set of genes required for mitochondrial function, but beyond this base there are variable genomic features. The mitochondrial genome of the model species Dictyostelium discoideum demonstrated that the social amoebae mitochondrial genomes have a size between those of metazoans and plants, but no comparative study of social amoebae mitochondria has been performed. Here, we present a comparative analysis of social amoebae mitochondrial genomes using D. discoideum, Dictyostelium citrinum, Dictyostelium fasciculatum, and Polysphondylium pallidum. The social amoebae mitochondria have similar sizes, AT content, gene content and have a high level of synteny except for one segmental rearrangement and extensive displacement of tRNAs. From the species that contain the rearrangement, it can be concluded that the event occurred late in the evolution of social amoebae. A phylogeny using 36 mitochondrial genes produced a well-supported tree suggesting that the pairs of D. discoideum/D. citrinum and D. fasciculatum/P. pallidum are sister species although the position of the root is not certain. Group I introns and endonucleases are variable in number and location in the social amoebae. Phylogenies of the introns and endonucleases suggest that there have been multiple recent duplications or extinctions and confirm that endonucleases have the ability to insert into new areas. An analysis of dN/dS ratios in mitochondrial genes revealed that among groups of genes, adenosine triphosphate synthase complex genes have the highest ratio, whereas cytochrome oxidase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase genes had the lowest ratio. The genetic codes of D. citrinum, P. pallidum, and D. fasciculatum are the universal code although D. fasciculatum does not use the TGA stop codon. In D. fasciculatum, we demonstrate for the first time that a mitochondrial genome without the TGA stop codon still uses the release factor RF2 that recognizes TGA. Theories of how the genetic code can change and why RF2 may be a constraint against switching codes are discussed.
Anterior Mediastinal Mass
Authors: George B. Carter, James W. Tanner
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Abbott R. Miller: A 41-yr-old female entered the Massachusetts General Hospital with a chief complaint of intermittent vaginal bleeding of 8 mo duration. Her periods were regular until 8 mo prior to admission when she had 1 mo of continual vaginal bleeding with clots. Five similar episodes of shorter duration were noted prior to admission. Shortness of breath had recently developed, and at a pre-employment physical, anemia was noted. Over the past year she had lost 17 lb (7.7 kg) despite a good appetite. Physical examination revealed a pale, slender female with a pulse rate of 104. A 1 cm soft right axillary lymph node was palpable. The lung fields were clear to percussion and auscultation and no heart murmurs could be detected. The pelvic and neurological examinations were negative. The hematocrit level was 21% and a peripheral blood smear revealed hypochromic microcytic red blood cells. Posteroanterior and lateral
Adeno-associated virus and the development of adeno-associated virus vectors: a historical perspective
Authors: Barrie J. Carter
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was discovered almost 40 years ago [1–3] and the first AAV vectors were described 20 years ago [4–6], which led to initiation of the first human clinical trial of an AAV vector some 8 years ago, in cystic fibrosis patients [7]. These events also delineate three periods in the history of AAV vector development. In the first 20 years, the basic elements of the AAV genome structure, growth cycle, and latency were described. In the early 1980s, infectious molecular clones of AAV serotype 2 were generated and the AAV2 DNA sequence was determined.
Elevated levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Relationship with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yuji Moriwaki, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Yuhei Shibutani, Eiji Aoki, Zenta Tsutsumi, Sumio Takahashi, Haruki Okamura, Masafumi Koga, Minoru Fukuchi, Toshikazu Hada
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
TCT-431 Angiographic Results of a novel Novolimus Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold System (NEBCSS) for the treatment of single de-novo coronary artery lesions: 6 month Serial QCA analysis results from the pivotal, prospective, multicentre, DESolve NX Trial
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Stefan Verheye, Joachim Schofer, Jose d Costa, Daniel Chamié, Andrea Abizaid, Yan John, Vinayak Bbhat, Lynn Morrison, Sara Toyloy, Alexandre Abizaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Allergen Avoidance in the Treatment of Asthma and Rhinitis
Authors: Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The evidence that allergens found inside houses are an important cause of perennial rhinitis and asthma comes from three types of studies. In one type, the delivery of allergen in the laboratory has provoked the clinical condition; in another type, the avoidance of allergens has been shown to result in fewer symptoms of disease; and the third type examines the epidemiologic association between the prevalence of disease and sensitization to particular allergens. These results lead logically to two different forms of allergen-specific treatment: immunotherapy, in which the physician tries to induce tolerance to a given allergen, and avoidance of allergen. . . .
Leukocyte Counts in Synovial Fluid
Authors: SHELDON P. BLAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 April 1971Leukocyte Counts in Synovial FluidSHELDON P. BLAU, M.D.SHELDON P. BLAU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-4-638_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the case study, "Pseudogout with Low Values of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Synovial Fluid," by Yaron and associates in the ANNALS(73:751-756, 1970), the authors state that a white blood count was done on the synovial fluid using hydrochloric acid as a diluent. When using hydrochloric acid as a diluent, the hyaluronate present precipitates out, rendering the white count unobtainable.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHELDON P. BLAU, M.D.Affiliations: Nassau County Medical Center Massapequa, N.Y. 11758 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1971Volume 74, Issue 4Page: 638-639KeywordsBlood countsHydrochloric acidPhosphatasesSynovial fluid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Trimming fat or cutting bone?
Authors: J. A Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sepsis is the leading cause of death in adult intensive care units. At present, sepsis diagnosis relies on non-specific clinical features. It could transform clinical care to have objective immune cell biomarkers that could predict sepsis diagnosis and guide treatment. For decades, neutrophil phenotypes have been studied in sepsis, but a diagnostic cell subset has yet to be identified. Here, high dimensional mass cytometry was used to reveal for the first time a specific neutrophil signature of sepsis severity that does not overlap with other inflammatory biomarkers, and that distinguishes patients with sepsis from those with non-infectious inflammatory syndrome. Unsupervised analysis of 42-dimesional mass cytometry data characterized previously unappreciated heterogeneity within the CD64<sup>+</sup> immature neutrophils and revealed two new subsets distinguished by CD123 and PD-L1 expression. These immature neutrophils exhibited diminished activation and phagocytosis functions. The proportion of CD123-expressing neutrophils also correlated with clinical severity. Critically, this study showed that these two new neutrophil subsets were specific to sepsis and detectable by routine flow cytometry using seven markers. The demonstration here that a simple blood test distinguishes sepsis from other inflammatory conditions represents a key biological milestone that can be immediately translated into improvements in patient care. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> CD123<sup>+</sup> and/or PD-L1<sup>+</sup> immature and dysfunctional neutrophil subsets identified by mass cytometry, define an early human blood signature of sepsis
Improvement of the age-related impairment in left ventricular diastolic filling with verapamil in the normal human heart.
Authors: J A Arrighi, V Dilsizian, P Perrone-Filardi, J G Diodati, S L Bacharach, R O Bonow
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function declines with the normal aging process. Because these changes are related to impaired active LV relaxation as well as to structural alterations, we hypothesized that verapamil might improve LV filling in elderly normal subjects compared with young normal subjects.We studied 27 normal volunteers (between 20 and 71 years old), with normal exercise tests and echocardiograms, by radionuclide angiography before and after 3 to 4 days of oral verapamil therapy. Indexes of global LV function were derived from analysis of background-corrected time-activity curves. Subjects were recruited from three age groups: young (26 +/- 4 years, n = 10), middle-aged (46 +/- 5 years, n = 9), and elderly (66 +/- 3 years, n = 8). Baseline resting heart rate, blood pressure, peak systolic wall stress, and LV ejection fraction did not differ among groups. Baseline peak LV filling rate (expressed in fractional stroke volume per second) was reduced in the middle-aged group (5.8 +/- 1.2, P < .01) and the elderly group (4.3 +/- 1.0, P < .01) compared with the young group (7.8 +/- 1.2). With verapamil, resting heart rate, peak systolic wall stress, LV ejection fraction, and peak ejection rate did not change in any group. Peak filling rate increased in the middle-aged group (to 6.8 +/- 1.5 SV/s, P < .01) and the elderly group (to 5.7 +/- 1.0 SV/s, P < .01) but did not change in the young group (8.0 +/- 1.4 SV/s). Also, time to peak filling rate decreased with verapamil in the elderly group (from 185 +/- 31 to 147 +/- 15 milliseconds, P < .01). The magnitude of change in filling rate was correlated positively with age (r = .55, P < .005).Verapamil selectively enhances LV diastolic filling in middle-aged and elderly subjects, compared with young adults, without affecting systolic function. This observation supports the hypothesis that the impairment of LV filling accompanying the normal aging process is, at least in part, a reversible phenomenon.
Electrical properties of canine subendocardial Purkinje fibers surviving in 1-day-old experimental myocardial infarction.
Authors: T M Argentieri, L H Frame, T J Colatsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The passive electrical properties of subendocardial Purkinje fibers surviving in infarcted regions of canine ventricle 24 hours after coronary ligation were studied by using microelectrode techniques and cable theory. In normal hearts, cells within the subendocardial Purkinje fiber strands were found to be well coupled to each other but electrically isolated from neighboring myocardium. Voltage response to intracellular current injection was consistent with one-dimensional cable behavior and yielded estimates of passive electrical properties in general agreement with previous work on free-running Purkinje strands (membrane length constant, 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm; membrane time constant, 7.3 +/- 0.8 msec; input resistance, 67.4 +/- 7.4 K omega; membrane resistance, 8.2 +/- 0.7 K omega.cm; axial resistance, 0.52 +/- 0.06 M omega/cm; membrane capacitance, 960 +/- 102 nF/cm) (n = 21). On the day after coronary ligation, subendocardial Purkinje fiber action potentials were prolonged and slightly depolarized. Significant increases were measured in input resistance (+40.5%), membrane resistance (+43.9%), and axial resistance (+47.5%), whereas membrane capacitance was found to be significantly decreased (-24.3%) (n = 19). Conduction velocity, membrane length constant, membrane time constant, and the time constant and capacitance for the foot of the action potential remained unchanged. These results are consistent with electrical uncoupling between adjacent cells, which will increase internal resistivity, accompanied by changes in cellular phospholipid content, which can increase membrane resistance and alter membrane capacitance. Alternatively, the results can be explained by a simple model in which the apparent electrical structure is altered by changes in electrical coupling alone, with specific electrical properties remaining constant. Although the mechanisms underlying the observed changes remain uncertain, the present study indicates that myocardial infarction is associated with alterations in the passive electrical structure of surviving subendocardial Purkinje fibers, which, together with changes in action potential configuration, may provide a substrate for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias 24 hours after coronary ligation.
Abstract 33: Interplay of DNA damage and cell cycle signaling on Replication Protein A in human cells
Authors: Kerry Brader, Adam Mosel, Shengqin Liu, Elizabeth Kremmer, Kaitlin Goettsch, Heinz-Peter Nasheuer, Greg Oakley, Gloria Borgstahl
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Replication protein A (RPA) is the main human single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein. It is essential for cellular DNA metabolism and has important functions in DNA damage signaling. RPA is indispensable for accurate homologous recombination (HR)-based DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair and its activity is regulated by phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications. HR occurs only during S and G2 phase of the cell cycle and all three subunits of RPA contain phosphorylation sites. The exact set of HR-relevant phosphorylation sites of RPA is unknown. In this study, the phosphorylation sites of chromatin-bound RPA in S and G2 phase were identified. After DNA damage, phosphorylation included pSer4/8, pSer12, pThr21, pSer23 and pSer33 of RPA2. Phosphorylation of these sites increased with time after DNA damage. Using a general ATM/ATR phosphorylation antibody, only RPA2 had substantial pSer/pThr ATM/ATR signals. Additionally, pTyr was detected on RPA1 and RPA2 and was removed in response to DSBs, indicating the regulatory action of a phosphatase. A capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay used under native conditions revealed in high resolution isoforms of the RPA heterotrimer in control and damaged cell lysates in G2. Strikingly, RPA is a phosphoprotein in control G2 cell lysates with up to 5 putative phospho-isoforms containing up to 7 phosphates. These isoforms include RPA2 pSer23 and pSer33 and RPA1 pTyr. DNA damaged lysates contained 9 isoforms, containing up to 14 phosphates. DNA damage isoforms contained RPA2 pSer4/8, pSer12, pThr21, pSer23, pSer33 and other not yet identified phosphorylation sites. Citation Format: Kerry Brader, Adam Mosel, Shengqin Liu, Elizabeth Kremmer, Kaitlin Goettsch, Heinz-Peter Nasheuer, Greg Oakley, Gloria Borgstahl. Interplay of DNA damage and cell cycle signaling on Replication Protein A in human cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr 33. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-33
Patterns of Glycemia in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Teri L. Hernandez, Jacob E. Friedman, Rachael E. Van Pelt, Linda A. Barbour
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Despite the well-known influence of maternal glucose on infant birth weight (BW), the prevalence of large for gestational age (LGA) infants (≥90th percentile for age) has been increasing steadily over decades, particularly in pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus (1). Although the overall prevalence of macrosomia (BW ≥4,000 g) is 17–29% in women with untreated gestational diabetes, the majority of macrosomic infants are born to women with obesity but no gestational diabetes (2,3). Moreover, epidemiologic data show that a higher BW is associated with higher BMI and glucose intolerance later in life (4,5), suggesting life-long metabolic implications for offspring.

Recent data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study suggested that concentrations of maternal glucose below the previously accepted diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes are predictive of LGA and fetal hyperinsulinemia (6). On the basis of this landmark study, the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended new lower diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (7,8). However, a significant number of women with gestational diabetes whose glucose values are within the current targeted therapeutic ranges deliver macrosomic infants (9). Although glucose plays a major role in fetal growth, this paradox underscores the likely role of other nutrients in fetal growth, but also the need to critically reexamine our definition of “normal” maternal patterns of glycemia and the effects on fetal growth. The new diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group and ADA are expected to increase the prevalence of gestational diabetes to 18%. Thus, treatment targets may need to be reevaluated.

Historically, the treatment goal in pregnancies complicated by diabetes has been to mimic patterns of glycemia in normal pregnancy (1). Although the HAPO study better defined abnormal …
CMR IMAGE WITH LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT COMBINED WITH 123I-METAIODOBENZYLGUANIDINE SCINTIGRAPHY STRONGLY PREDICTS LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENT WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Misato Chimura, Shinichiro Yamada, Yoshinori Yasaka, Takatoshi Hayashi, Yasuyo Taniguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs
Authors: David P Breen, Richard J Davenport
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Prescribing for women with epilepsy is complicated by the potential teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs. Current guidelines recommend that the most effective drug should be chosen before conception and prescribed at its lowest effective dose, ideally as monotherapy.1,2 But which antiepileptic drug is safest in pregnancy?
(31) Yellow nail syndrome
Authors: G.C. Muston, E. Waddington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article (31) Yellow nail syndrome Get access G.C. Muston, G.C. Muston Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Waddington E. Waddington Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue s9, 1 July 1973, Pages 113–115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03464.x Published: 01 July 1973