tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kidney Electrolyte Disorders
Authors: Nadine Bazilinski
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This shining blue book holds much more of nephrology than the usual text-books of fluid and electrolyte disorders. Its editors have managed to combine both pathophysiology and the practice of pediatrie and adult nephrology. In doing so, they have divided the text in two distinct but complementary sections. The first part, "General Considerations," contains chapters on disorders of acid-base, sodium, water, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. In addition, there is a chapter on trace minerals and parenteral nutrition. The second part, "Special Problems," consists of eight detailed and comprehensive chapters devoted to common clinical problems. These include discussions of specific fluid and electrolyte disturbances in surgical patients, metabolic derangements in diabetes, electrolyte disturbances in pediatric patients, chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, peritoneal dialysis in children, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in adults, acute renal failure, and hypertension in children and adults. Although somewhat scattered, this format offers the reader a strong background in pathophysiology, as well as extensive reviews of the more frequently encountered situations in clinical nephrology. In the first portion of the book, each chapter starts with basic concepts of chemistry and
Antiopsonic activity of fibrinogen bound to M protein on the surface of group A streptococci.
Authors: E Whitnack, E H Beachey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

When virulent group A streptococci of M type 24 were incubated in fresh heparinized whole blood or in blood reconstituted from cellular elements and plasma, little uptake by neutrophils occurred as determined by light microscopy. When fresh human serum (with or without added heparin) was substituted for plasma, uptake occurred promptly. Uptake in serum could be prevented by adding either plasma or purified human fibrinogen to the incubation mixtures, or by pretreating the organisms with plasma or fibrinogen. Fibrinogen solutions absorbed with purified homologous M protein and centrifuged to remove precipitates lost their inhibitory activity. Uptake in serum depended on heat-labile factors. Immunofluorescent staining of bacteria using fluorescein-labeled antibody to the third component of complement showed that streptococci incubated in fresh serum bound complement evenly over the entire cell surface, whereas streptococci incubated in fresh plasma or in serum plus fibrinogen fluoresced only at some of the cross-walls between adjacent daughter cocci and at occasional terminal cocci. In electron micrographs, the surface fibrillar layer of streptococci treated with plasma or fibrinogen lost its hairlike appearance and became a dark band that stained heavily with ferritin-labeled antifibrinogen. We conclude that the known antiopsonic effect of M protein derives in part from binding of fibrinogen.
Adverse Drug Reactions: Getting Information Back From medWatch-Reply
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —The concerns expressed by Drs Vogt and Byrns raise important access and cost issues that have been under discussion within the FDA since the announcement of the MEDWATCH program last June. Improving feedback to health professionals, one of the four goals of MEDWATCH, had already been selected as the element to receive specific attention during the next year. Thus, their letter is timely. We know that no adverse event reporting system can work effectively unless information flows both in and out of it, and we are troubled that the experience as described by Vogt and Byrns will discourage use of the system.It is important to recognize that once causality has been established, the FDA communicates new safety information to health professionals. This is done through labeling changes, Dear Health Professional letters, and the FDA Medical Bulletin. The Bulletin is sent to more than 1 million health professionals.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE ACTION ON THE PNEUMOCOCCUS OF BILE ACIDS AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, FOUND IN BILE IN THE FORM OF SOAPS
Authors: Anthony Kozlowski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Ox bile contains the soaps of unsaturated higher fatty acids not only with one, but also with two and more than two double bonds, in a dilution of about 1:600. These substances, when isolated from bile, exert an antiseptic action on the pneumococcus in a dilution of approximately 1:50,000 and kill the organism in a dilution of 1:5000 in approximately 1 hour. As their action is, then, about 100 times stronger than that of the conjugated bile acids, their presence in bile should be considered, whereas hitherto it has been entirely overlooked not only by bacteriologists but by physiologists as well. Since the soaps of unsaturated fatty acids do dissolve the pneumococcus cell in broth culture, Neufeld's (12) conclusion, is no longer valid.
The poster session: is the writing on the wall?
Authors: J. P. Leach
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Despite the global improvement in telecommunications, the size and number of international medical conferences continue to grow. Demand for such meetings is fuelled by the often exotic locations, which have been made more accessible by the increasing ease of intercontinental travel. As conferences grow, delegates' fees and subsidies from the pharmaceutical industry ensure that they are now rather profitable and more about business than about education or research.

Large medical meetings traditionally allow “experts” to lecture large audiences from high podiums. For some reason, probably a hangover from the over-reaching 1980s, it is rather unfashionable to attend a conference merely to learn something. So in an attempt to involve as many people as …
Protein‐Engineered Injectable Hydrogel to Improve Retention of Transplanted Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Andreina Parisi‐Amon, Widya Mulyasasmita, Cindy Chung, Sarah C. Heilshorn
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Improved retention of transplanted stem cells is achieved through minimally invasive delivery in MITCH, a mixing-induced two-component hydrogel that was engineered to possess shear-thinning and self-healing thixotropic properties. MITCH, an ideal injectable cell-delivery vehicle, supports 3D stem-cell culture, resulting in high cell viability and physiologically relevant cell morphology.
THE SHEPPARD-TOWNER ACT
Authors: Henry L. K. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —I feel that in justice to a not inconsiderable as well as a not inconsiderate minority, perhaps, of members of the American Medical Association who believe in the benefit of the Sheppard-Towner Act, some of the statements in an editorial in the issue of Nov. 27, 1926, should not go unchallenged.  It was never represented that the reduction of infant and maternal mortality was going to be effected through social and economic reforms. The type of work described at the hearings at the time the bill was pending in 1921—mainly, of course, the child health conference as a teaching center for mothers—is the method that is being used generally throughout the country.  The proponents also never indicated that they thought the work could be accomplished in a five-year period. It represented, however, a new experiment in federal aid, and Miss Lathrop's testimony was to the effect that
High-Dose Statins and the IDEAL Study
Authors: Paul S. Chan, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Rodney A. Hayward
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A fresh look at reperfusion injury
Authors: H Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 25 days.

In clinical therapy of evolving acute myocardial infarction, coronary reperfusion has proven to be the only way to limit infarct size, provided it occurs soon enough after coronary artery occlusion. However, there is also evidence that reperfusion is accompanied by detrimental manifestations known as ‘reperfusion injury’. Reperfusion injury refers to a causal event associated with reperfusion that had not occurred during the preceding ischemic period and can be entirely attenuated by an intervention given only at the time of reperfusion. It classically includes myocardial stunning, reperfusion arrhythmias and lethal reperfusion injury. Clearly, reperfusion arrhythmias do not represent an important problem for the clinician because their incidence is very low and they can be quite easily treated. Myocardial stunning is usually not a major clinical problem in the context of acute myocardial infarction because it disappears spontaneously and is very sensitive to inotropic agents. Myocardial stunning becomes of serious concern only if the affected portion of the myocardium is very large.

Lethal reperfusion injury could be an interesting target for the clinician who is now able to promptly revascularize acutely ischemic myocardium. However, the existence of lethal reperfusion injury has been debated for years by scientists and is still controversial [1–4]. One of the problems is that the development of necrosis cannot be accurately followed in time, both in experimental animal preparations and in man. Instead, scientists have used an indirect approach to deal with this issue; the principle is to modify the nature of reperfusion and then assess whether the extent of necrosis is reduced. Numerous studies have been performed according to this general design. Unfortunately, many of them remained inconclusive, partly for technical reasons [5]. In most, actually hundreds of studies on lethal reperfusion injury, the effects of antioxidants were investigated. … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 (641) 994-7241; Fax: +49 (641) 994-7239.
Development of increased airway responsiveness in two nurses performing methacholine and histamine challenge tests
Authors: R. Lundgren, M. Söderberg, L. Rosenhall, E. Norrman
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Two nurses who frequently examined patients with methacholine or histamine challenge tests developed increased airway responsiveness and symptoms of asthma. It is important to use a good system for evacuating the test aerosol during challenge tests.
Hot air on the superhighway
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

If you don't know what the information superhighway is, at least you're not an anorak. Anorak is the latest Oxbridge class putdown, supplanting “northern chemist” in the smart lexicon of public schoolboys being groomed for power. Anoraks know about technical matters such as programming omlputers and do all of those nasty, productive, practical things for which the dominant elite of England has always had such contempt.

Seeing that we don't make things in factories any more in this country there is nowhere for anoraks to work, so now they spend their lives hunched over computers writing clever programs. But wait. Anoraks across the globe have cooked something up …
Outline of Urology
Authors: Joseph H. Kiefer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Textbook of Urology. By Victor F. Marshall. 2nd ed. 355 pp, 188 illus. $8.50. Hoober Medical Division, Harper & Row, Inc., 49 E 33rd St, New York 16, 1964  Both of these books primarily address a single group, namely, medical students taking their first course in urology. Both are also well suited as works of quick reference for the intern.  The books are approximately equal in length though they differ somewhat in physical makeup. The volume by Marshall is hard-bound and printed on a highly finished paper, and consequently its illustrations of roentgenograms are much more distinct. The general format is the same, the arrangement in both proceeding according to clinical groupings rather than anatomic considerations. Both authors are well-known clinicians, and this is reflected in the very practical clinical approach to the subject matter. Basic anatomic and physiological factors in etiology are not neglected in either volume. The language
Present Position of Immunization Against Poliomyelitis with Live Virus Vaccines
Authors: A. B. Sabin
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Immunization against poliomyelitis with orally administered live attenuated poliovirus vaccine presents special problems not previously encountered with other live virus vaccines employed in human beings, and it is entirely proper to approach it in the most cautious and critical manner.The recent communications (Dick and Dane, 1958; Dane et al., 1958; Clarke et al., 1958) and editorial comments (leading article, 1958) in the British Medical Journal did not take into account all the available published and unpublished data that were available to the writers, and, in my opinion, did not give a complete picture of the present status of our knowledge on this subject.Accordingly I am prompted to bring up to date the information available to me on four topics that came under special consideration in the recent discussions:(1) neurotropism of viruses excreted by the vaccinated individuals and after further multiplication in contacts;(2) persistence of antibody and its relation to resistance of the intestinal tract to reinfection ; (3) effect of multiple doses of Salk vaccine and of high levels of neutralizing antibody produced by killed virus vaccine on multiplication of poliovirus in the pharynx and intestines of children; and (4) the present status of field trials with the large lots of the three types of vaccine that I prepared two years ago. Problems in Estimation of Neurotropism of PoliovirusesIn working out the quantitative aspects of neuro- tropism of various polioviruses for monkeys, and its relationship to the neurotropism of the same viruses for chimpanzees and, by inference based on epidemiological data, also for man, I found that the thalamic neurones of the monkey are more resistant than those in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, and that the lumbar neurones of chimpanzees are much more resistant than those of monkeys (Sabin, 1956a, 1957a).Since the neurotropism of a poliovirus particle is in effect a measure of its capacity to multiply sufficiently in a given neurone to be able to spread to and destroy the large number of other neurones required to produce clinical manifestations, it is important not only to differentiate between the effect of 100 and 100,000 or 100,000,000 infective virus particles, but also to take into account the precise placement of the inoculum.During
Decoding Difficulties of Facial Expression of Emotions in Mothers of Children Suffering from Developmental Obesity
Authors: B. Baldaro, A. Balsamo, R. Caterina, C. Fabbrici, E. Cacciari, G. Trombini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: The relationship between developmental obesity and emotional problems has been particularly studied by Bruch. According to this author, the main reason for early-onset obesity has to be found in the difficulty of some mothers to adequately distinguish between emotional manifestations and the child's real need for food. In this paper an experiment was carried out in order to test the relationship between developmental obesity and poor ability to recognize facial expressions of some basic emotions. Methods: A group of 20 mothers whose children suffered from serious early-onset obesity (experimental group) and another group of 20 mothers, whose children had slight overweight problems arising long after the first year of life (control group), were tested. Both mothers and their children were asked to recognize a set of facial expressions of emotions. 42 slides of facial expressions of emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear, happiness and neutral faces) were presented to subjects who were asked to mark on an answer sheet the name of the emotion expressed by the actor's face. Results: A significant difference between the groups was found: a larger number of errors in the recognition of facial expression of emotions was made by mothers and their children in the experimental group. Furthermore a positive linear correlation between the number of errors made by the mothers and that made by their children was present. Conclusions: The findings do support Bruch's clinical observations. Further studies concerning other emotional signs (either nonverbal or verbal) are needed in order to assess the importance of emotional decoding difficulties in developmental obesity.
Bacterial Endocarditis After Hurst Bougienage in a Patient with a Benign Oesophageal Stricture
Authors: T.P. Yin, A.W. Dellipiani
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A case of bacterial endocarditis which proved fatal in a 65-year-old edentulous male Caucasian with rheumatic valvular heart disease is reported. This occurred following dilatation of a benign oesophageal stricture with a Hurst mercury bougie. Transient low grade bacteraemia following upper gastrointestinal intubation is well documented but we are not aware of any published reports on bacterial endocarditis following this procedure and the possible implications of this case are discussed.
Abstract 792: Tumor-induced thymic atrophy: Alteration in interferons and Jak/Stats signaling pathways
Authors: Diana M. Lopez, Roberto Carrio-Jardines, Marta Torroella-Kouri, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The thymus is the major site of T cell differentiation and a key organ of the immune system. Most important, it provides a specialized environment for the selection of rearranged clones that will function appropriately in the adaptive immune response. Thymic involution has been observed in several model systems; including graft-vs-host disease, aging, and tumor development, however, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Previous results from our laboratory have reported that the severe thymic atrophy and impaired T cell development seen in mammary tumor bearers are associated with an arrest in at least two steps of T cell differentiation, changes in the levels of crucial cytokines expressed in the thymus microenvironment, and a progressive increase in apoptosis during the tumor development mainly due to downregulation of important molecules that control programmed cell death. Cytokines regulate numerous aspects of hematopoiesis via activation of the Jak/Stat pathways. In the present study we have used our mammary tumor model to investigate whether changes in the levels of cytokines in the thymus could affect the normal expression of the aforementioned pathways. RNA and protein analysis revealed an overexpression of the different interferons, a downregulation of most of the Jak/Stat pathways, and an increased expression of several suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in the thymuses of tumor bearers. Collectively, our data suggest a mechanism by which the impaired Jak/Stat signaling pathways observed in the whole thymus of tumor-bearing mice could be contributing to the abnormal T cell development and apoptosis observed during the tumor-induced thymic atrophy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 792. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-792
ELECTRODIAGNOSIS AND ELECTROTHERAPY IN PARALYSIS FOLLOWING POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: RICHARD KOVACS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

It is generally agreed among observers of  epidemics of infantile paralysis in  last decade that  proper care of  weakened or paralyzed muscles is of  greatest importance in determining  final degree of function obtainable. Lovett1stated that the greater majority of muscles are weakened rather than paralyzed, and precise, effective and intelligent treatment enlarges greatly  field of possible complete recovery.  My object in this paper is to report  methods of muscle testing and treatment by electricity as employed during  last four years in  department of physical therapy of  Reconstruction Hospital of New York. It has been our experience that  rational and systematic application of electrical stimulation in connection with  accepted orthopedic and general systematic measures will assist greatly in achieving acceptable results in cases even of long standing. In  cases under our observation,  earliest was
THE IMPACT OF AN ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE (CYP11B2) POLYMORPHISM ON VASCULAR FUNCTION AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Emmanuel Androulakis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Antigoni Miliou, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Evaggelos Chatzistamatiou, George Moustakas, Anna-Maria Kampoli, Kostas Toutouzas, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Ioannis Kallikazaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Circumcision and Cancer Of the Prostate
Authors: Abraham Ravich
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  In the letter of Drs. Kaplan and O'Conor on  Incidence of Carcinoma of the Prostate in Jews and Gentiles ( 196 :803, 1966), the conclusion, which differs from mine, seems also to be based on different criteria. In making comparisons, it seems important to start out with similar premises, otherwise they are of doubtful value.  These authors reported from Chicago for the period 1958 to 1964, where Jews constituted approximately 7% of the population and were fairly well-integrated socioeconomically and sexually with their non-Jewish neighbors. They found a cancer incidence of 23.9% in their 702 non-Jews and 8.8% in their 182 Jews.  The figures of my private patients in Brooklyn for 1930 to 1941 ( J Urol  48 :298, 1942) showed a prostatic cancer incidence of 20% in 75 non-Jews and 1.7% in 768 Jews. From 1942 to 1948 ( NY J Med  51 :1519, 1951), it was 18%
Long-Term Outcome of Patients With Crohn’s Disease Who Discontinued Infliximab Therapy Upon Clinical Remission
Authors: Konstantinos Papamichael, Niels Vande Casteele, Ann Gils, Sophie Tops, Scott Hauenstein, Sharat Singh, Fred Princen, Gert Van Assche, Paul Rutgeerts, Severine Vermeire, Marc Ferrante
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)