tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A 20-year single-center experience with acute liver failure during pregnancy: Is the prognosis really worse?
Authors: Vikram Bhatia, Amit Singhal, Subrat Kumar Panda, Subrat Kumar Acharya
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Pregnant patients with acute liver failure (ALF) are believed to have a worse outcome than nonpregnant women and men with ALF. However objective data supporting this supposition are scant. Therefore, the current study compared the outcome, complications, and causes of ALF among pregnant women and girls with age-matched nonpregnant women and girls and men and boys with ALF. One thousand fifteen consecutive ALF patients in the reproductive age group, admitted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, from January 1986 to December 2006, were included in the study. A total of 249 (38.5%) women were pregnant. They were compared with 341 nonpregnant women and girls and 425 men and boys, aged 15 to 45 years. The mortality rate of pregnant women and girls (53.8%) was similar to age-matched nonpregnant women and girls (57.2%), and men and boys (57.9%); P = 0.572.The clinical and biochemical features, disease severity, and complications were also similar in the three groups. A significantly higher proportion of ALF was attributable to hepatitis E virus (HEV) among women and girls who were pregnant (59.4%), as compared with both nonpregnant women and girls (30.4%), and men and boys (23.1%); P &lt; 0.001. However, the outcome of HEV-related ALF was independent of the sex and pregnancy status of the patients ( P = 0.103). Mortality in HEV-ALF and non–HEV-ALF patients in pregnant women and girls was 51% (74/145) and 54.7% (52/95)( P &gt; 0.1), respectively. The outcome of pregnant ALF patients was also unrelated to the trimester of pregnancy. The mortality of non–HEV-related ALF among the pregnant women and girls (54.7%), age-matched nonpregnant women and girls (61.7%), and men and boys (62.8%) were also similar ( P &gt; 0.1). Conclusion: The mortality of pregnant patients with ALF is similar to that of nonpregnant women and girls and men and boys and is independent of the cause or trimester. Pregnancy per se should not be regarded as a poor prognostic factor for a patient with ALF. (Hepatology 2008.)
Geographic Variation in Access to Care — The Relationship with Quality
Authors: David C. Radley, Cathy Schoen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with David Radley on a recent study on geographic variations in access to and quality of U.S. health care. (00:00)Download Where a person lives within the United States matters, influencing the ability to obtain health care and the quality of care received, according to a new report. This finding has important implications for national policy reforms and improvement efforts.
The CONSORT Statement
Authors: Christoph Junker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —We welcome the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) effort to improve the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).1Only trials reported in a comprehensive fashion can be appraised fully for methodological quality and relevance. The urgent need for defining standards of reporting is obvious from the preliminary results we obtained in a survey of RCTs published by authors in German-speaking Europe. All trials published in 5 leading German, Swiss, and Austrian general medical journals (Deutsch Med Wochenschr, Schweiz Med Wochenschr, Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax, Wien Med Wochenschr, and Wien Klin Wochenschr) from 1985 through 1994 were identified in a manual search following the procedures recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.2A total of 224 German-language articles were identified. The MEDLINE database was then searched for RCTs published in English by the same authors during the same 10-year period. A total of 559 English-language
Choosing Therapy for Childhood Asthma
Authors: Stephen T. Holgate, Anthony J. Frew
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

For over a century asthma has been recognized as a disorder in which the airways are irritable and narrow too easily and too much in response to a variety of nonspecific stimuli. This view of asthma as a disorder of bronchial hyperresponsiveness led to the use of short-acting β2-adrenergic–receptor agonists by inhalation for the rapid relief of symptoms. Over the past decade, the emphasis has moved from understanding the physiology of airway dysfunction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma to determining why the impairments occur.In adults, allergic, occupational, and intrinsic asthma are all characterized by the involvement of . . .
Patient-Derived Ovarian Tumor Xenografts Recapitulate Human Clinicopathology and Genetic Alterations
Authors: Francesca Ricci, Francesca Bizzaro, Marta Cesca, Federica Guffanti, Monica Ganzinelli, Alessandra Decio, Carmen Ghilardi, Patrizia Perego, Robert Fruscio, Alessandro Buda, Rodolfo Milani, Paola Ostano, Giovanna Chiorino, Maria Rosa Bani, Giovanna Damia, Raffaella Giavazzi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. On the basis of its histopathology and molecular-genomic changes, ovarian cancer has been divided into subtypes, each with distinct biology and outcome. The aim of this study was to develop a panel of patient-derived EOC xenografts that recapitulate the molecular and biologic heterogeneity of human ovarian cancer. Thirty-four EOC xenografts were successfully established, either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, in nude mice. The xenografts were histologically similar to the corresponding patient tumor and comprised all the major ovarian cancer subtypes. After orthotopic transplantation in the bursa of the mouse ovary, they disseminate into the organs of the peritoneal cavity and produce ascites, typical of ovarian cancer. Gene expression analysis and mutation status indicated a high degree of similarity with the original patient and discriminate different subsets of xenografts. They were very responsive, responsive, and resistant to cisplatin, resembling the clinical situation in ovarian cancer. This panel of patient-derived EOC xenografts that recapitulate the recently type I and type II classification serves to study the biology of ovarian cancer, identify tumor-specific molecular markers, and develop novel treatment modalities.
Genomic score predictive of metastatic evolution in breast cancer.
Authors: G MacGrogan, M Guedj, C Primois, V Brouste, G Banneau, M Debled, L Mauriac, N Sevenet, F Petel, M Longy, F Bonnet
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5069 Background: Despite of the existence of clinical and pathological prognostic factors, the metastatic evolution in breast cancer remains uncertain in a substantial proportion of cases. Previous studies have suggested that genome profiling could address this question. In this context we developed a genomic score to evaluate the total level of copy number aberrations in a given tumor, based on data from array-CGH analysis.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods:We performed array-CGH analysis in a series of 135 sporadic, operable breast cancers treated at our institution between 1989 and 1992 (more than 10 years follow-up). These cases included 45 invasive ductal carcinomas with metastatic evolution (M+) and 90 cases that did not relapse at 11 years (M- ). Cases were paired on patients age and initial axillary lymph node status (pN +/pN0), and were equally distributed between the two groups of evolution: 25 pN0/M+, 20 pN+/M+, 50 pN0/M- and 40 pN+/M-. Tumoral DNA was co-hybridized with pooled normal germline DNA from 20 individuals on a 4407 BAC-array (CIT-V6) provided by the CIT program and manufactured by Integragen. Gain, normal and loss status (GNL) were generated from the CapWeb pipeline developped by the bioinformatics plateforme from Institut Curie (Paris). Clinical, pathological and genomic data were retrieved through Annotator, the CIT cancer database and the analysis has been driven by using the R statistical software along with the CIT R packages.&amp;#x2028; Results:The proposed score of genomic instability is based on two items: (i) the proportion of alteration and (ii) the number of altered genomic regions. By applying a set of appropriate thresholds on these two items we were able to define three highly different prognostic subgroups, 95 % (18/19), 74 % (65/88) and 25 % (7/28) 11 years metastatic-free survival respectively (p-value = 4.04e−10) while univariate analysis of histological parameters such as tumor size and SBR grade showed weaker associations (p-values of 0.006 and 0.065 respectively). The predictive properties of the genomic score have been assessed by cross-validation but also on other independent large data sets. A signature of genome instability inferred from genomic and gene expression profiles will also be proposed.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Genomic profiling in breast carcinoma is a strong tool for prognostication in breast cancer. We developed a computational method to characterize genome instability of that predict clinical outcome in breast cancer and could be useful for more accurate therapeutic choice but also for identifying new therapeutical targets. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5069.
When lifesaving treatment in children is not the answer
Authors: J. Gillis
Journal: BMJ (1997)

> Axioms in philosophy are not axioms till they are proved upon our pulses.—John Keats

Last month the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health produced guidelines on the withholding or withdrawing of lifesaving treatment in children.1 Such documents face the potential problem that in their attempt to achieve consensus the recommendations can become so vague as to say nothing. Any guidelines will find it difficult to achieve credibility in the face of the drama of a critically ill child, a drama in which the uneasy actors—parents; children; and nursing, medical, and allied health staff—so often find themselves painfully entrapped.2 When I first read the royal college's report I thought it a brave and dignified document which nevertheless stayed polite and superficial. But, with each rereading, I realised that in fact it is a remarkable report which does indeed make the leap to the bedside. It achieves sense and clarity without losing any connection with the emotions being played out in the theatre in which I and many others work.

The report's greatest contribution is in delineating “five …
UN considers sanctions against Sudanese government for obstructing aid
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Lee Jong-wook, director general of the World Health Organization, has described the situation in Darfur, western Sudan, as a potential “health catastrophe,” after a visit to the war-ravaged region, warning that hundreds of thousands could die of famine and disease unless urgent action is taken.

The UN Security Council is debating sanctions against Khartoum for obstruction of aid efforts and the US Congress introduced a resolution declaring the crisis a “genocide.” These moves follow high profile missions by the UN secretary general, Kofi Annan, who said the crisis “bordered on ethnic cleansing” and by the US secretary of state, Colin Powell, who complained Sudan's government was “in …
Disruption of the protein C inhibitor gene results in impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility
Authors: Pavel Uhrin, Mieke Dewerchin, Mario Hilpert, Peter Chrenek, Christian Schöfer, Margareta Zechmeister-Machhart, Gerhard Krönke, Anja Vales, Peter Carmeliet, Bernd R. Binder, Margarethe Geiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a nonspecific, heparin-binding serpin (serine protease inhibitor) that inactivates many plasmatic and extravascular serine proteases by forming stable 1:1 complexes. Proteases inhibited by PCI include the anticoagulant activated protein C, the plasminogen activator urokinase, and the sperm protease acrosin. In humans PCI circulates as a plasma protein but is also present at high concentrations in organs of the male reproductive tract. The biological role of PCI has not been defined so far. However, the colocalization of high concentrations of PCI together with several of its target proteases in the male reproductive tract suggests a role of PCI in reproduction. We generated mice lacking PCI by homologous recombination. Here we show that PCI(-/-) mice are apparently healthy but that males of this genotype are infertile. Infertility was apparently caused by abnormal spermatogenesis due to destruction of the Sertoli cell barrier, perhaps due to unopposed proteolytic activity. The resulting sperm are malformed and are morphologically similar to abnormal sperm seen in some cases of human male infertility. This animal model might therefore be useful for analyzing the molecular bases of these human conditions.
Abnormal Catechol Amine Metabolism in Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Alfred A. Smith, Thomas Taylor, S. Bernard Wortis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FAMILIAL dysautonomia is a rare congenital disorder that occurs primarily in Jewish children.1 The more striking manifestations of the disease include reduced or absent tearing, transient skin blotching, profuse sweating, abnormal swallowing reflex and instability of temperature control. Postural hypotension is a regular finding in this syndrome although the blood pressure may rise during excitement.Riley2 has suggested that the many manifestations of familial dysautonomia may result from a singleenzyme defect. Since autonomie dysfunction is so prominent in this disorder, a defect in catechol amine metabolism may be involved. The excretion rates of catechol amine catabolites, homovanillic (HVA) and vanillyl-mandelic . . .
ArrayTrack - Supporting Toxicogenomic Research at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicological Research
Authors: Weida Tong, Xiaoxi Cao, Stephen Harris, Hongmei Sun, Hong Fang, James Fuscoe, Angela Harris, Huixiao Hong, Qian Xie, Roger Perkins, Leming Shi, Dan Casciano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The mapping of the human genome and the determination of corresponding gene functions, pathways, and biological mechanisms are driving the emergence of the new research fields of toxicogenomics and systems toxicology. Many technological advances such as microarrays are enabling this paradigm shift that indicates an unprecedented advancement in the methods of understanding the expression of toxicity at the molecular level. At the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, core facilities for genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic technologies have been established that use standardized experimental procedures to support centerwide toxicogenomic research. Collectively, these facilities are continuously producing an unprecedented volume of data. NCTR plans to develop a toxicoinformatics integrated system (TIS) for the purpose of fully integrating genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic data with the data in public repositories as well as conventional (Italic)in vitro(/Italic) and (Italic)in vivo(/Italic) toxicology data. The TIS will enable data curation in accordance with standard ontology and provide or interface a rich collection of tools for data analysis and knowledge mining. In this article the design, practical issues, and functions of the TIS are discussed through presenting its prototype version, ArrayTrack, for the management and analysis of DNA microarray data. ArrayTrack is logically constructed of three linked components: a) a library (LIB) that mirrors critical data in public databases; b) a database (MicroarrayDB) that stores microarray experiment information that is Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) compliant; and c) tools (TOOL) that operate on experimental and public data for knowledge discovery. Using ArrayTrack, we can select an analysis method from the TOOL and apply the method to selected microarray data stored in the MicroarrayDB; the analysis results can be linked directly to gene information in the LIB.
Aluminium and chronic renal failure.
Authors: H Thurston, J D Swales
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In a recent study of 1,263 children with acute leukaemia at the Children's Cancer Research Foundation in Boston we observed two patients with undifferentiated leukaemia and multiple neurofibromatosis.5This fre- quency is not significantly higher than the estimated incidence of neurofibromatosis in the general population (one case per 2,500- 3,300 births).2The association of neuro- fibromatosis with leukaemia has occurred in two other children in the same clinic (not in our series) and has been described in three case reports from France.3-5In one instance the combination of diseases affected siblings.4The eight reported cases of neurofibroma- tosis and childhood leukaemia are of great interest, but the evidence is not sufficient as yet to indicate that the high cancer risk in neurofibromatosis extends to leukaemia.-Iam, etc.,
Growth of melanocytes in a skin equivalent model in vitro
Authors: B. BERTAUX, P. MORLIERE, G. MORENO, A. COURTALON, J. M. MASSE, L. DUBERTRET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Growth of melanocytes in a skin equivalent model in vitro Get access B. BERTAUX, B. BERTAUX Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. MORLIÈRE, P. MORLIÈRE Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. MORENO, G. MORENO Laboratoire de Biophysique, Inserm U 201, CNRS UA 481, MNHN, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. COURTALON, A. COURTALON Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. M. MASSÉ, J. M. MASSÉ Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. DUBERTRET L. DUBERTRET Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France Professor L.Dubertret, Laboratoire de dermatologie, Inserm U 312, Hopital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Pages 503–512, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03254.x Published: 01 October 1988
RADON IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: W. J. O'DONOVAN, R. T. BRAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1931)

Journal Article RADON IN DERMATOLOGY Get access W. J. O'DONOVAN, W. J. O'DONOVAN The London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. T. BRAIN R. T. BRAIN The London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 43, Issue 5, 1 May 1931, Pages 217–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1931.tb09496.x Published: 01 May 1931
Reduction in Incidence of Ampicillin Rash by Purification of Ampicillin
Authors: E. T. Knudsen, J. M. Dewdney, J. A. P. Trafford
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Purification of ampicillin (Penbritin) with respect to protein impurities has been found significantly to reduce the incidence of rashes in treated patients. This may be related to findings in animals that injections of the isolated protein impurity can induce the formation of circulating IgG antibodies and skin-sensitizing antibodies.
Points from Letters: Perinatal Mortality
Authors: K. L. Parmar, E. A. Barnett, G. A. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Third Stage of Labour SIR,-Placental separation is a leisurely process and I cannot agree that it is usually complete very soon after the birth of the baby.Mr. D. G. Bonham (28 December, p. 1620) recommends that no woman should be allowed a normal third stage but that ergometrine should always be given with the crowning of the head.The spasm thus induced interferes with the normal mechanism of separation and predisposes to retention of the placenta.He would have us counter these evils by early cord traction.Thus he claims a reduction in the primary post-partum haemorrhage (P.P.H.) rate at a cost only of a rather smaller rise in the manual removal rate.So Homo sapiens knows best.Mother Nature should take a refresher course at U.C.H.Primary P.P.H. is defined as a loss of 568 ml. of " blood " during the first 24 hours.Any pupil midwife knows that the measured loss includes widely varying and often sub-
The predictive accuracy of the postvagotomy insulin test: A new interpretation.
Authors: R G Faber, R C Russell, J V Parkin, P Whitfield, M Hobsley
Journal: Gut (1975)

Insulin-stimulated gastric secretion alone, without reference to basal secretion, has been examined in 45 male patients with duodenal ulcer in whom no gastric operation had been performed and in 124 patients following vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Gastric juice was examined in terms not only of conventional indices, observed volume, titratable acidity and acid output, but also Vg, the volume corrected for pyloric loss and duodenal reflux. The range of secretion of the unoperated subjects was established in terms of peak and half-totwo-hour values for all indices. By reference to these ranges, secretion of postvagotomy subjects could be divided into two groups: (a) those with secretion within the preperative range, and (b) those with secretion less than the lower limit of the preoperative range. The best discrimination was given by Vg; those within the preoperative range (peak Vg in excess of 140 ml/hour and Vg half to two hours in excess of 105 ml/hour) had a 50% liability to recurrent ulcer, while those below the preoperative range had a zero liability to recurrent ulcer. Of the conventional indices acid output gave the best discrimination, which was almost as good as Vg. Peak acid output of 8 mmol/hour or acid output one half to two hours of 525 mmol/hour discriminated into two groups, with a 50% or zero liability to recurrent ulcer. Titratable acidity (Hollander9s index of secretion), being highly susceptible to reflux, was not an adequate discriminant.
Electrical Disorders of the Heart
Authors: John A. Kastor
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Little attention was paid to etiologic factors in heart disease until Dr. Richard Cabot emphasized the importance of such classification in 1914. 1 Since that time the causes of clinically important cardiac disease appear to have changed substantially. Whereas rheumatic fever, hypertension, and syphilis predominated in the specialty's early years after World War I, no one needs to be told that coronary heart disease has the distinction of leadership now.  Many etiologic cardiac diagnoses are recognized, but the cause of much important heart disease is not known. Most familiar in the idiopathic or unknown group is primary myocardial disease, that peculiar and morbid entity characterized by progressive hypertrophy, dilatation, fibrosis,and biventricular congestive failure. The title of this illness proclaims our ignorance, but at least we recognize how little is known about the problem and do not assign a more conventional diagnosis for convenience.  Many of the heart's electrical disturbances similarly
Polymorphisms in the Epithelial Protein SPRR2B in Eczema and Asthma: The GCPCR/GCC and CCAAPS cohorts
Authors: T.G. Epstein, G.K. LeMasters, D.I. Bernstein, M. Ericksen, P.H. Ryan, J. M. Biagini Myers, M. Butsch Kovacic, H. He, L.J. Martin, M.B. Rao, M. Lindsey, M. Villareal, J.E. Lockey, G.K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)