tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INJURY SURVEILLANCE IN COMMUNITY SPORT: CAN WE OBTAIN VALID DATA FROM SPORTS TRAINERS?
Authors: C Ekegren, B Gabbe, CF Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A lack of available injury data on non-elite sports participants has hampered the development of informed preventative strategies for the broad base of sports participation. In community sports settings, sports trainers are well-placed to carry out injury surveillance but few studies have evaluated the validity of the data they record. Objective To investigate the capture rate, completeness and agreement between sports trainers and other sources of injury data in community sport. Design Validation study. Setting Community Australian football clubs. Participants Of the 316 Australian football players eligible from four community clubs (male and aged 18+ years), 44% (n=139) agreed to participate. Seventeen participants were lost to follow up over the season. At each club, an on-site sports trainer agreed to record players' injuries. Main outcome measurements Throughout the football season (16–18 rounds) players reported their injuries to the club's sports trainer. To validate injury data recorded by sports trainers, we obtained self-reported injury data from players via short message service (SMS) and additionally from treating health-care practitioners. We reported the percentage of all injuries registered by sports trainers only, by players only (via SMS) and by both. For any injuries reported by sports trainers, players and health-care practitioners, we reported agreement between sources on a range of injury variables using the kappa (Κ) co-efficient. Results In total, 210 discrete injuries were recorded, 59% by players via SMS only, 21% by sports trainers only and 21% by both. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.32 (0.27–0.37) for date of return to football and 1.00 (1.00–1.00) for activity at time of injury. Conclusions Injury data collected by sports trainers within community clubs is of adequate quality for providing an understanding of the profile of injuries. However, data are likely to underestimate true injury rates and therefore must be interpreted with caution.
Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Anti-CSF-1R Antibody Reveals a Strategy for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Carola H. Ries, Michael A. Cannarile, Sabine Hoves, Jörg Benz, Katharina Wartha, Valeria Runza, Flora Rey-Giraud, Leon P. Pradel, Friedrich Feuerhake, Irina Klaman, Tobin Jones, Ute Jucknischke, Stefan Scheiblich, Klaus Kaluza, Ingo H. Gorr, Antje Walz, Keelara Abiraj, Philippe A. Cassier, Antonio Sica, Carlos Gomez-Roca, Karin E. de Visser, Antoine Italiano, Christophe Le Tourneau, Jean-Pierre Delord, Hyam Levitsky, Jean-Yves Blay, Dominik Rüttinger
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: D. Veale, A. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization ranks obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as one of the 10 most handicapping conditions by lost income and decreased quality of life OCD occurs across all ages but most commonly presents in young people Shame often prevents people with OCD seeking help and causes delays in effective treatment Non-specialists should ask screening questions if OCD is suspected OCD is a treatable condition-children and adults should initially be offered cognitive behavioural therapy For moderate to severe OCD in children and adults, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may also be offered
In the Name of Public Health — Nazi Racial Hygiene
Authors: Susan Bachrach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In democratic societies, the needs of public health sometimes require citizens to make sacrifices for the greater good, but in Nazi Germany, national or public health — Volksgesundheit — took complete precedence over individual health care. Physicians and medically trained academics, many of whom were proponents of "racial hygiene," or eugenics, legitimized and helped to implement Nazi policies aiming to "cleanse" German society of people viewed as biologic threats to the nation's health. Racial-hygiene measures began with the mass sterilization of the "genetically diseased" and ended with the near-annihilation of European Jewry.The concept of racial hygiene had deep roots . . .
Reversible Myopathy Secondary to Abuse of Ipecac in Patients with Major Eating Disorders
Authors: E. Prather Palmer, André T. Guay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

BINGE—PURGE eating behavior is characteristic of two major eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and the more recently described syndrome of bulimia nervosa. Patients with these disorders rapidly consume foods with a high caloric content, then purge themselves by various methods, including self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives or diuretic medications.Abuse of such substances as alcohol, diet pills, laxatives, and diuretics is frequently cited as a medical complication of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.1 , 2 The use of ipecac to induce vomiting, however, is seldom emphasized, although the drug may frequently be abused. The major attractions of ipecac to patients with . . .
Allogeneic tumor rejection induced by the intravenous injection of Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocyte clones.
Authors: H D Engers, A L Glasebrook, G D Sorenson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The in vivo activity of murine Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocyte clones was assessed in a tumor allograft model system. Mice that had been sublethally irradiated 16 h previously were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-IUdR-labeled tumor cells. Simultaneously, various doses of four cytolytic T cell clones were injected intravenously and the mice monitored for tumor cell elimination by whole-body counting tecniques. These four clones had been selected on the basis of their ability to proliferate in response to alloantigens in the absence of added T cell growth factor(s). With two of the four clones tested, rapid elimination of tumor cells within the peritoneal cavity was observed, as early as 48 h after intravenous injection of the cloned T cells.
High prevalence of a rare hepatitis C virus in patients treated in the same hemodialysis unit: Evidence for nosocomial transmission of HCV
Authors: Maurizio Sampietro, Salvatore Badalamenti, Samantha Salvadori, Noemi Corbetta, Giorgio Graziani, Giovanna Como, Gemino Fiorelli, Claudio Ponticelli
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Physicians' Accuracy for Diagnosing Sore Throats
Authors: S. H. Lamm, S. A. Linn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Poses et al<sup>1</sup>analyzed the accuracy of physicians' estimates of the likelihood that a patient had streptococcal pharyngitis when first seen before throat culture results were available. They concluded that physicians overestimate the likelihood of streptococcal infection. The critical question, however, is not whether physicians assign an appropriate or inappropriate probability number to a clinical judgment, but whether their assessment leads to appropriate treatment being givenand inappropriate treatment withheld. The physicians, as a group, have overestimated the likelihood of a positive throat culture (definition of streptococcal pharyngitis in the report) as 30%, whereas the observed rate was 5%. Nevertheless, their clinical assessment appears to have been sound. The 104 of 308 patients assessed as most likely having streptococcal pharyngitis and treated immediately with antibiotics were indeed twice as likely to be infected as were those 204 assessed as less likely and then
Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures
Authors: A. H. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1982)

How much is enough? Who should know what? These are the questions that must be constantly on the minds of medical educators and writers of textbooks. A. Graham Apley is joined for this edition by Louis Solomon, and they have written a textbook primarily for postgraduate students preparing for the examination for Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. In America, the amount of information provided would seem to be about equivalent to the theoretical knowledge expected of a first-year orthopedic resident. The authors also offer their book to undergraduates, but the detail may be more than most students have time to absorb unless they elect a rotation in orthopedic surgery. The book is divided into thirds: "General Orthopaedics," "Regional Orthopaedics," and "Fractures and Joint Injuries." Under the heading "General Orthopaedics," there are short reviews of diagnostic methods used by orthopedists, infectious diseases, the arthritides, metabolic, dysplastic, and neuromuscular disorders,
The iceberg theory of NHS culture
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

The Big Society is upsetting Big Medicine. The BMA and the Royal College of Practitioners have registered their displeasure at the extent of the government's NHS reform agenda. The same results could have been achieved with a small change in the current structure, they say. More ‘extreme concerns’ surround the prospect of greater commercial competition between the NHS and private companies. Responding in January, the Prime Minister demanded that fundamental changes are needed in the NHS and a ‘quiet life’ was no longer an option.
AIDS and Testing for AIDS-Reply
Authors: Norbert P. Rapoza
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Dassey, Klein, and Kanter raise points in their letters that require response. Dr Dassey raises the point that AIDS is a syndrome and not a single disease. The Council on Scientific Affairs is well aware of this and described the syndrome in its initial publication on AIDS.<sup>1</sup>Since that publication, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has revised its original case definition of AIDS to include other diseases, if there is a positive serologic or virologic test result for HTLV-III.<sup>2</sup>Other disease states also have since been reported in the literature as associated with HTLV-III infection.<sup>3-6</sup>The incubation period for the manifestation of these latter diseases varies, as one might expect, but they have not been included in the CDC definition of AIDS. Obviously, what CDC has defined as AIDS is not the only manifestation of HTLV-III infection that one may see in the
Rac1 is essential for intraembryonic hematopoiesis and for the initial seeding of fetal liver with definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Gabriel Ghiaur, Michael J. Ferkowicz, Michael D. Milsom, Jeff Bailey, David Witte, Jose A. Cancelas, Mervin C. Yoder, David A. Williams
Journal: Blood (2007)
The Tea Controversy In Colonial America
Authors: John F. Greden
Journal: JAMA (1976)

History is checkered with debates about social utilization of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opiates, chloroform, methadone—even ether. Physicians have contributed to most such debates, along with politicians, moralists, economists, and clerics. Illustrative conflicts in America included Prohibition in the 1920s and disagreements about the use of marihuana and hallucinogens in the 1970s. Less well-known was the debate which reverberated around tea during our colonial period. This is unfortunate, since tea was pivotal in promulgating the Revolution. In 1770, tea consumption in the colonies was an entrenched tradition. At least 1 million colonists were daily consumers of tea, the "nectar of the gods."<sup>1(p32)</sup>One reporter touring the colonies remarked that American women were "such slaves to it that they would rather go without their dinners than without a dish of tea."<sup>2(p343)</sup>A Swedish scientist, Per Kalm, toured North America and concluded that there was "hardly a farmer's wife or a
Susceptibility to liver fibrosis in mice expressing a connective tissue growth factor transgene in hepatocytes
Authors: ZhenYue Tong, Ruju Chen, Daniel S. Alt, Sherri Kemper, Bernard Perbal, David R. Brigstock
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) is a matricellular protein that is up-regulated in many fibrotic disorders and coexpressed with transforming growth factor β. CCN2 promotes fibrogenesis and survival in activated hepatic stellate cells, and injured or fibrotic liver contains up-regulated levels of CCN2 that are produced by a variety of different cell types, including hepatocytes. To investigate CCN2 action in vivo , transgenic FVB mice were created in which the human CCN2 gene was placed under the control of the albumin enhancer promoter to elevate hepatocyte CCN2 levels. Production of human CCN2 (hCCN2) messenger RNA and elevated CCN2 protein levels was demonstrated in transgenic livers, whereas levels of endogenous mouse CCN2 were comparable between transgenic and wild-type mice. Liver histology and liver function tests were unaffected in transgenic animals. However, after chronic administration of CCl 4 , α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)–expressing cells and collagen deposition were increased as a function of the dosage of the hCCN2 transgene ( hccn2 +/+ &gt; hccn2 +/− &gt; hccn 2 −/− ). Moreover, CCl 4 -induced serum hyaluronic acid, hepatic tissue levels of α-SMA or acid-soluble collagen, and messenger RNA expression of α-SMA, collagen α1 (I), matrix metalloprotease-2, or tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 were greater in transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. Transgenic mice also exhibited enhanced hepatic deposition of collagen 2 weeks after bile duct ligation. Conclusion: Production of elevated CCN2 levels in hepatocytes of transgenic mice in vivo does not cause hepatic injury or fibrosis per se but renders the livers more susceptible to the injurious actions of other fibrotic stimuli. These studies support a central role of CCN2 in hepatic fibrosis and demonstrate a role of the microenvironment in regulating the profibrotic action of CCN2. (Hepatology 2009.)
Treatment of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (rosai‐dorfman disease): Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Alessandro Pulsoni, Gabriel Anghel, Paolo Falcucci, Roberta Matera, Edoardo Pescarmona, Michela Ribersani, Nicoletta Villiva', Franco Mandelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology, usually associated with lymph node enlargement in various superficial or deep sites. It usually shows a prolonged clinical course with occasional exacerbation and remission phases. We describe the long‐term follow‐up of a case of SHML that showed typical clinical features and in which various therapeutic strategies were attempted. Chemotherapy and α‐interferon (IFN) were ineffective; surgery was ultimately required with satisfactory results. From an extensive literature review we found different treatment strategies in SHML in the 80 cases published between 1969 and 2000. Spontaneous resolution of adenopathies is frequently observed: 32 out of 40 cases which did not receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery were healthy at the time of publication. Radiotherapy alone showed conflicting results: 3 complete remissions (CR) were obtained in the 9 patients treated. Surgical debulking when required was effective—8/9 CR—while chemotherapy showed generally negative results. IFN has been previously employed in only one case. In conclusion, clinical observation without treatment is advisable when possible. In the presence of vital organ compression and/or extranodal localization with important clinical signs, surgical debulking may be necessary. Radiotherapy has shown limited efficacy, while chemotherapy is in general ineffective. More experience is needed to evaluate the role of IFN. Am. J. Hematol. 69:67‐71, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Look Who’s (Not) Talking
Authors: Elizabeth A. Beverly, Om P. Ganda, Marilyn D. Ritholz, Yishan Lee, Kelly M. Brooks, Nina F. Lewis-Schroeder, Masakazu Hirose, Katie Weinger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Nearly one-half of diabetic patients have glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels above recommended targets. Effective physician-patient communication improves glycemia and diabetes self-care; however, communication gaps may exist that prevent patients from discussing self-care problems with treatment providers.We assessed diabetic patients' (n = 316, 85% white, 51% female, 71% type 2 diabetes, 59 ± 11 years old, 16 ± 3 years education, 19 ± 13 years diabetes duration, and HbA(1c) = 7.9 ± 1.4%) HbA(1c), frequency of self-care, diabetes-related distress, depressive and anxiety symptoms, coping styles, diabetes quality of life, and self-care communication in the treatment relationship. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the main and interaction effects of health and psychosocial factors associated with patients' reluctance to discuss self-care.Patients reported positive relationships with their doctors and valued honest communication; however, 30% of patients were reluctant to discuss self-care. Reluctant patients reported less frequent self-care (P = 0.05), lower diabetes quality of life (P = 0.002), and more diabetes-related distress (P = 0.001), depressive symptoms (P < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.001). Patients who reported elevated depressive symptoms, although not necessarily major depression, were more likely to be reluctant to discuss self-care (odds ratio [OR] 1.66 for 10-point change in t score; P < 0.001), whereas patients who were older (OR 0.78 for 10-year change; P = 0.05) and those who used more self-controlled coping styles (OR 0.78 for 10-point change; P = 0.007) were less likely to be reluctant.Awareness of elevated depressive symptoms is important in clinical practice given that these patients may be more reluctant to discuss self-care. Interventions and evidence-based approaches are needed to improve both depressive symptoms and physician-patient communication about self-care.
Breast Cancer Subtypes and Response to Docetaxel in Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Use of an Immunohistochemical Definition in the BCIRG 001 Trial
Authors: Lawrence C. Panasci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

TO THE EDITOR: The article by Hugh et al 1 presents a useful classification of node-positive breast cancer to indicate survival and best use of chemotherapy with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. However, in the luminal B group—in which, compared with the luminal A group, survival was midway between the triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) ‐positive groups—22% of the patients were HER2 positive. Because we routinely treat all HER2-positive patients with Herceptin (trastuzumab;Genentech,SouthSanFrancisco,CA)andchemotherapy,itwouldbeofgreatinteresttoseedisease-freeandoverallsurvival fortheluminalBgroupwithoutincludingtheHER2-positivepatients. The major difference between the luminal A and B groups without HER2 considered would be the Ki67-1 index, which was high in the majority of patients in the luminal B group and low in all patients in the luminal A group. Examining Figure 4 in the article, one has the impressionthatuseofdocetaxel,doxorubicin,andcyclophosphamide rendered the disease-free survival of the luminal B group without HER2-positive patients almost equivalent to that of the luminal A group. Thus, the major benefit of the luminal B subclassification may be in selecting patients who are most apt to benefit from taxanecontaining chemotherapy, which would then render their prognosis similar to that of the luminal A group.
COLOMINIC ACID, A POLYMER OF N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID
Authors: Guy T. Barry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

All acidic carbohydrate has been isolated from the culture medium of the enteric microorganism E. coli K(235) L(+)O. This substance has been named colominic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid, which has been isolated from the hydrolysate of colominic acid, is believed to be the monomer unit from which colominic acid is constituted. Colominic acid is not antigenic in rabbits. Tests have failed to reveal a relationship between the ability of E. coli K(235) to elaborate colominic acid and its virulence in mice.
Subcellular Knockout of Importin β1 Perturbs Axonal Retrograde Signaling
Authors: Rotem Ben-Tov Perry, Ella Doron-Mandel, Elena Iavnilovitch, Ida Rishal, Shachar Y. Dagan, Michael Tsoory, Giovanni Coppola, Marguerite K. McDonald, Cynthia Gomes, Daniel H. Geschwind, Jeffery L. Twiss, Avraham Yaron, Mike Fainzilber
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Lipids rule: resetting lipid metabolism restores T cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yoko Kidani, Steven J. Bensinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and systemic destruction of host organs or tissue. A key feature of SLE is T cell dysfunction characterized by hyperresponsive antigen receptor signaling. In this issue of the JCI, McDonald and colleagues provide evidence that homeostasis of a subset of lipids, the glycosphingolipids (GSLs), is severely perturbed in the membranes of T cells from SLE patients. Furthermore, normalization of GSLs restored TCR signaling and ameliorated T cell dysfunction. These data suggest that targeting host metabolism may be an effective means of reinforcing self-tolerance and attenuating autoimmunity.
The influence of bone and blood lead on plasma lead levels in environmentally exposed adults.
Authors: M Hernández-Avila, D Smith, F Meneses, L H Sanin, H Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

There is concern that previously accumulated bone lead stores may constitute an internal source of exposure, particularly during periods of increased bone mineral loss (e.g., pregnancy, lactation, and menopause). Furthermore, the contribution of lead mobilized from bone to plasma may not be adequately reflected by whole-blood lead levels. This possibility is especially alarming because plasma is the main circulatory compartment of lead that is available to cross cell membranes and deposit in soft tissues. We studied 26 residents of Mexico City who had no history of occupational lead exposure. Two samples of venous blood were collected from each individual. One sample was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-magnetic sector mass spectrometry for whole-blood lead levels. The other sample was centrifuged to separate plasma, which was then isolated and analyzed for lead content by the same analytical technique. Bone lead levels in the tibia and patella were determined with a spot-source 109Cd K-X-ray fluorescence instrument. Mean lead concentrations were 0.54 microg/l in plasma, 119 microg/l in whole blood, and 23.27 and 11.71 microg/g bone mineral in the patella and tibia, respectively. The plasma-to-whole-blood lead concentration ratios ranged from 0.27% to 0.70%. Whole-blood lead level was highly correlated with plasma lead level and accounted for 95% of the variability of plasma lead concentrations. Patella and tibia lead levels were also highly correlated with plasma lead levels. The bivariate regression coefficients of patella and tibia on plasma lead were 0.034 (p<0. 001) and 0.053 (p<0.001), respectively. In a multivariate regression model of plasma lead levels that included whole-blood lead, patella lead level remained an independent predictor of plasma lead level (ss = 0.007, p<0.001). Our data suggest that although whole-blood lead levels are highly correlated with plasma lead levels, lead levels in bone (particularly trabecular bone) exert an additional independent influence on plasma lead levels. It will be important to determine whether the degree of this influence increases during times of heightened bone turnover (e.g., pregnancy and lactation).
Positive Nasal Allergen Provocation Test and Nasal Specific-IgE to Grass Pollen in Patients with Idiopathic Rhinitis
Authors: C. Rondon, J.J. Romero, S. Lopez, R. R-Pena, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, P. Chaves, I. Doña, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)