tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemic Nosebleeds in Apple Packers
Authors: Griffith E. Quinby
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A new disease of apple packers appeared in 1964 in Washington. Blood in nasal discharges ranged from mild staining to dripping hemorrhage. The disease followed chemical changes in the fabrication of two brands of blue-dyed apple-packing trays made from salvaged newspaper. A third tray made of plastic and a fourth of virgin wood pulp produced no such signs of nasal irritation. Attack rates of hemoglobin in nasal discharges in the control general population was about 25% during the same six-week period. All packers dripped blood from the nose in some plants. Nosebleeds decreased where newsprint trays were stopped. Bleeding began in packers switched late in the season from nonirritating to newsprint trays.
Passage of amino acids and glucose across the blood-brain barrier in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Gitte M. Knudsen, Jes Schmidt, Thomas Almdal, Olaf B. Paulson, Hendrik Vilstrup
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We repeatedly measured blood-brain barrier passage of phenylalanine, leucine, glucose and GABA in nine patients with hepatic encephalopathy using the intravenous double-indicator technique. Controls were four patients without liver disease and two of the patients who had recovered completely from their hepatic encephalopathy. The corrected cerebral venous output curves were fitted by use of a three-compartment model with four parameters. In the patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the permeability-surface area products for phenylalanine and leucine from the blood to the brain and from the brain interstitial fluid to the intracellular compartment, the unidirectional extraction and the brain amino acid influx were similar in the two groups. The permeability from the brain back to blood for phenylalanine was decreased by 72% in patients with hepatic encephalopathy compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05), whereas no difference was seen for leucine. The permeability from the brain back to the blood for phenylalanine decreased with coma grade and normalized in the two patients who recovered. Correspondingly, the calculated brain interstitial fluid concentration of phenylalanine was increased in the patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The transfer variables for blood-brain barrier passage of glucose were similar in the two groups. The permeability from the blood to the brain for GABA was very low in both the patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the control group. We conclude that in hepatic encephalopathy the permeability from brain to blood for phenylalanine decreases with coma grade. The decrease is caused by an increased interstitial fluid concentration of the amino acid. No evidence was found of general or selective blood-brain barrier disturbance in hepatic encephalopathy.
Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus Extravasation
Authors: Jaime Grutzendler, Sasidhar Murikinati, Bennett Hiner, Lingling Ji, Carson K. Lam, Taehwan Yoo, Shobhana Gupta, Brian P. Hafler, Ron A. Adelman, Peng Yuan, Guadalupe Rodriguez
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Endothelial engulfment of emboli (angiophagy) occurs in microvascular beds throughout the body, resulting in emboli extravasation and vessel recanalization.
Coping with Death
Authors: Herbert Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Ad Libitum1 January 1993Coping with DeathHerbert Berger, MDHerbert Berger, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-1-199301010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Some years ago an elderly gentleman came down with a fatal disease. He had spent most of his life studying birds and had made significant contributions to the ornithological literature. But he could find no peace as he contemplated his hopeless future. He was frightened. He was a fine person, and I desperately wished to help him. Since he was childless, I could not sustain him with the usual desire for immortality by reminding him of his progeny. Recalling his excellent work in his chosen field gave him no surcease from his fears. I helped to get his affairs in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 1Page: 75KeywordsBacteriaDustElderlyFallsFearFoodForecastingMilk Issue Published: 1 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Increased bone resorption and impaired bone microarchitecture in short-term and extended high-fat diet–induced obesity
Authors: Janina M. Patsch, Florian W. Kiefer, Peter Varga, Pamela Pail, Martina Rauner, Daniela Stupphann, Heinrich Resch, Doris Moser, Philippe K. Zysset, Thomas M. Stulnig, Peter Pietschmann
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Initial Clinical Experience With Intraaortic Balloon Pumping in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Adrian Kantrowitz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our intraaortic cardiac assistance system for patients in cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction consists of a catheter and balloon inserted through a femoral arteriotomy into the thoracic aorta. The pumping chamber, activated by helium, is synchronized with the heart by signals from the electrocardiogram or the central aortic pressure transducer. Pumping improved two patients' circulatory status; one survived. Two patients died before pumping could begin; in another, an abdominal aortic aneurysm prevented insertion of the pump. Thrombosis did not occur during pumping; hemolysis appeared minimal. Although final evaluation must await more data, balloon pumping appears to be effective in cardiogenic shock. Further study may establish a place for the procedure in myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock and in low cardiac output syndromes associated with open-heart surgery.
Effect of Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Obstruction on Circulatory Dynamics in Dogs with Chronic Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: JOHN C. MCGIFF, DOMIKGO M. AVIADO
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Simultaneous and continuous recording of venous flow (rotameter) of a femoral and renal bed of the dog revealed dissimilar responses in these regions. Bilateral common carotid occlusion and hypoxia (5 per cent oxygen) cause a greater increase in femoral resistance than in renal resistance. Conversely, levarterenol and angiotensin produce a greater increase in renal than in femoral resistance. Bleeding is associated with resistance changes in opposite directions, the renal bed's resistance increasing, the femoral bed's decreasing. Aortic constriction causes a reduction in the resistance of each bed; the femoral bed's resistance is reduced significantly more than the renal vascular resistance. These results suggest that the femoral bed is more reactive than the renal following baro-receptor- or chemoreceptor-induced changes. In contrast, the renal bed is more susceptible to hormonal stimuli. To those stimuli reducing perfusion pressure, renal blood flow is more likely to be compromised.
Pulmonary Artery Catheters on Trial
Authors: Paul Kefalides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 January 1998Pulmonary Artery Catheters on TrialPaul KefalidesPaul KefalidesSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The pulmonary artery (PA) (or Swan-Ganz) catheter has been like a divining rod for critical care medicine since it was adapted for bedside use some 25 years ago. Clinicians rely heavily on the device for monitoring intravascular volume and cardiac output. A recent estimate suggested that 1 million PA catheters are used each year in the United States at a cost of $2 billion.The catheter came under fire when an article by Alfred F. Connors, Jr, MD, of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, and colleagues revealed higher mortality rates and higher hospitalization costs associated with its use (JAMA. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUse of tissue oxygenation (StO2) monitor in the EDMedical Device and Monitoring of the ChestComplicaciones infecciosas del catéter de Swan-GanzClinical and economic effects of pulmonary artery catheterization in nonemergent coronary artery bypass graft surgeryFatal Postoperative Pulmonary Edema 15 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 2Page: 161-162KeywordsCatheterizationCathetersCritical careFood and Drug AdministrationIntensive care unitsMortalityPulmonary arteriesPulmonary arterySafetyShock Issue Published: 15 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Exploring the effects of polymorphisms on cis-regulatory signal transduction response
Authors: Alasdair MacKenzie, Benjamin Hing, Scott Davidson
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2012)

cis-Regulatory sequences (CRSs) direct cell-specific and inducible gene expression in response to signal transduction networks, and it is becoming apparent that many cases of disease susceptibility and drug response stratification are due to polymorphisms that alter CRS responses in a context-dependent manner. In the current review, we describe successful methods for identifying CRSs and analyzing the effects of allelic variation on their responses to signal transduction. The technologies described build on the successes of ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) by exploring the effects of polymorphisms on CRS context dependency. This understanding is essential to uncover the genomic basis of disease susceptibility and will play a major role in delivering on the promise of personalized medicine.
Premarital Rubella Screening in Rhode Island
Authors: Ellice Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Rhode Island law requires that rubella serological screening be done for most female marriage license applicants. To evaluate the effect of the law, 203 rubella-susceptible women detected through premarital screening over a four-month period in 1978 were surveyed. Of those responding, 37% had been immunized, 21% were pregnant or infertile, and 42% were eligible for immunization but had not received vaccine. Premarital immunization occurred most frequently when physicians advised and directly offered vaccine. A survey of primary care physicians indicated that 24% immunized none of their rubella-susceptible patients detected by premarital screening. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1333-1335)
Young military veterans show similar help seeking behaviour
Authors: Lauren N van Staden, Nicola Fear, Amy Iversen, Claire French, Christopher Dandeker, Simon Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A study undertaken by the King's Centre for Military Health Research had similar findings to those reported by Howerton et al.1 The study investigated the help seeking paths of young men (n=74) leaving Colchester Military Corrective Training Centre, colloquially known as the “military prison.” Young veterans found it difficult to access available resettlement services for a variety of reasons …
A METHOD OF TREATING TINEA
Authors: C. J. Glasson
Journal: BMJ (1920)

Operation.It was decided, on consultation.with his friends, to give him the slight chanoe that operation alone afforded, and he was removed to a neighbouriug nursing homue.The operation was begun five hours after the onset of pain.Ether, with a small quantity of alcohol and chloroform, was administered by Dr. Rlobert Marshall, and anaesthesia was quiet and satisfactorv.Ill addition, conduction anaesthesia was pro luceed by blocking the intercostals with novocain, and good relax tion was obtamned.The abdomen was opened in the miodle line above the umbilicus.On incising the peritoneum a quantity of thiin, slightly turbid fluid, with some gas, escaped.A punched-out, circular aperture about the diameter of a lead pencil was found in the stomach.From thisexuded a small quantity of dark- coloured mucoid fluid.Surrounding the opening for atleast nn inch the stomach wall was indurated, inelastic, and friable.There were some omental adhesions to the upper part of the indurated area.Thje ulcer was situated on tthe aniterior sur- face, three or four iniches from the pylorus, anid near the lesser curvature.The edges of the ruptured ulcer were infoltled with iifficulty, owing to their rigidity and friability, by two rows of linen thread sutures.A piece of omentum was sewn over tle repair for greater security.The flui(d lying in the neighbour- hood was moppedi up and the abdomen was closed in three layers without drainage, the whole procedure, including the induction of anaesthesia, having lasted twenty-six minutes.After-History.Recovery was uneventful, and the patient left the nursing home within three weeks, appareutly quite well.He was examined on January 22nd, 1920, about five weeks after the operation, and was then free from pain, in his ordinary health, and able to get about as usual.
Hormonal regulation of serum Lp (a) levels. Opposite effects after estrogen treatment and orchidectomy in males with prostatic carcinoma.
Authors: P Henriksson, B Angelin, L Berglund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Serum concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] were determined in two groups of elderly males suffering from prostatic carcinoma, who were randomized to treatment with estrogen (n = 15) or orchidectomy (n = 16). Estrogen was given as oral ethinylestradiol, 150 micrograms daily, combined with intramuscular polyestradiol phosphate, 80 mg/mo. The baseline levels were similar in both groups, but 6 mo after initiation of therapy, serum Lp (a) levels were decreased approximately 50% in the estrogen-treated group (P less than 0.001) in contrast to a 20% increase (P less than 0.01) in the orchidectomized group. Concomitantly, LDL cholesterol decreased by 30% and HDL cholesterol increased by almost 60% in the estrogen-treated patients. There was no relationship between the change in LDL cholesterol and Lp (a) reduction. In conclusion, Lp (a) levels in males were found to drastically decrease upon estrogen treatment and to increase after orchidectomy, suggesting that sex hormones, and particularly estrogens, exert a regulatory role on the serum Lp (a) level in man.
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Charles B. Carrington, Whitney W. Addington, Anne M. Goff, Irving M. Madoff, Asher Marks, Jules R. Schwaber, Edward A. Gaensler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Nine women presented an unusual and distinctive syndrome consisting of a chronic and ultimately life-threatening illness with high fever, night sweats, weight loss and severe dyspnea. Tuberculosis was the initial diagnosis in most cases, but the patients' condition deteriorated on chemotherapy. Asthma occurred for the first time with the onset of the illness in six patients, whereas three had neither asthma nor blood eosinophilia. The roentgenograms showed characteristic, rapidly progressive, dense pneumonic infiltrates arranged in a peculiar peripheral pattern best described as a photographic negative of the shadows seen in pulmonary edema. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was recognized from the consistent pathological pattern of the lung biopsies. Corticosteroid therapy caused complete clinical recovery and clearing of the roentgenograms within a few days. With premature reduction or omission of therapy symptoms recurred, and the infiltrates reappeared precisely in the same locations. Long-ter...
Written Instructions and Patient Compliance
Authors: James H. Sammons
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In their article on patient compliance with prescription drug regimens, Peck and King (p 2874) pointed out several strategies that are believed to enhance compliance. Among these are a comfortable physician-patient interaction (rapport) and supplementary written instructions. Both strategies are embraced by the American Medical Association Patient Medication Instruction (PMI) Program. During the decade-long controversy over the desirability of a mandatory, governmental program of patient package inserts, there was only one viewpoint shared by both opponents and proponents of the program—the acknowledgment that patients need to have information about the drugs they are prescribed. Indeed, it was generally conceded that access to such information is a right of patients. It was, and continues to be, the contention of medicine that physicians remain the single most important source of drug information. Thus, in most instances, drug therapy is enhanced if the prescribing physician accepts the obligation to explain the contemplated regimen
NICE advocates computerised CBT
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended two computerised packages for cognitive behaviour therapy for use by the NHS in England and Wales in guidance published last week.

The guidance updated previous recommendations from 2002, in which the use of this therapy was not recommended. The latest guidance recommends two computerised packages—Beating the Blues (Ultrasis, London) for the …
Plasma copolymer surfaces of acrylic acid/1,7 octadiene: Surface characterisation and the attachment of ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells
Authors: R. Daw, S. Candan, A.J. Beck, A.J. Devlin, I.M. Brook, S. MacNeil, R.A. Dawson, R.D. Short
Journal: Biomaterials (1998)
Abstract 813: Liver Function Markers and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Mitja Lainscak, Lea Hodoscek-Majc, Dejan Majc, Rozentryt Piotr, Jochen Springer, Wolfram Doehner, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D Anker
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The syndrome of chronic heart failure (CHF) involves many organs and systems. Limited data on liver function and mortality is available for patients with CHF. We assessed laboratory markers of liver function and potential association with long-term mortality in an unselected cohort of patients with CHF. In our population based survey, we screened all discharges and deaths in community hospital (population 125.000). From 2001 to 2003, 638 patients (73±10 years, 48% men, 74% NYHA class III) who were discharged alive and had diagnosis of CHF according to ICD 10 were identified. Medical charts were reviewed and vital status was obtained from a Central Population Registry. Liver function was estimated by AST, ALT, gamma-GT (GGT), and alkaline phospathase (AP). At least one marker of liver function was elevated in 35% of patients. Individual markers were elevated in following proportions: GGT 29%, AST 15%, ALT 11%, and AP 7%. During follow-up, 396 patients died (12- and 36-months mortality rates 28% [24%–31%] a...
Antibiotic prescribing rates in England are falling
Authors: A. Majeed
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The figure in Dobson's short article in the news roundup shows that Greek doctors prescribe the most antibiotics.1 In contrast, general practitioners in England have responded to concerns about the overuse of antibiotics by reducing their antibiotic prescribing rates.2 The number of antibiotic prescriptions dispensed in the community decreased by 25% between 1995 …
Severe Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Authors: Alexander Lossos, Omri Teltsh, Tsipi Milman, Vardiella Meiner, Rima Rozen, Daniel Leclerc, Bernd C. Schwahn, Natalya Karp, David S. Rosenblatt, David Watkins, Avraham Shaag, Stanley H. Korman, Samuel N. Heyman, Aya Gal, J. P. Newman, Bettina Steiner-Birmanns, Oded Abramsky, Yoav Kohn
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a highly heterogeneous group of neurogenetic disorders with pure and complicated clinical phenotypes. No treatment is available for these disorders. We identified 2 unrelated families, each with 2 siblings with severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency manifesting a complicated form of adult-onset hereditary spastic paraparesis partially responsive to betaine therapy.Both pairs of siblings presented with a similar combination of progressive spastic paraparesis and polyneuropathy, variably associated with behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, psychosis, seizures, and leukoencephalopathy, beginning between the ages of 29 and 50 years. By the time of diagnosis a decade later, 3 patients were ambulatory and 1 was bedridden. Investigations have revealed severe hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia, reduced fibroblast MTHFR enzymatic activity (18%-52% of control participants), and 3 novel pathogenic MTHFR mutations, 2 as compound heterozygotes in one family and 1 as a homozygous mutation in the other family. Treatment with betaine produced a rapid decline of homocysteine by 50% to 70% in all 4 patients and, over 9 to 15 years, improved the conditions of the 3 ambulatory patients.Although severe MTHFR deficiency is a rare cause of complicated spastic paraparesis in adults, it should be considered in select patients because of the potential therapeutic benefit of betaine supplementation.
Sesquicentennial of First Publicly Performed Surgery Under Anesthesia
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ON OCTOBER 16, anesthesiologists and others will celebrate the 150th anniversary of the first public demonstration of surgery performed on a patient under anesthesia. The demonstration, which took place at Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846, is considered by many to be the most significant event in American medical history.  The amphitheater in the hospital's Bulfinch Building, where the surgery took place, is now a national shrine managed by the US Parks Department. It was there that several physicians, medical students, and other interested parties watched John Collins Warren, MD, chief surgeon and cofounder of the hospital, remove a tumor from the neck of Gilbert Abbott after William T. G. Morton anesthetized the patient with ethyl ether.  Morton, a dentist, had already used ether anesthesia for tooth extractions. News of the event spread quickly throughout the world. In less than a year, ether anesthesia was being used on every continent