tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Psychiatric Diagnoses and EEG Findings: A Double-Blind Study of 184 Hospitalized Children
Authors: EDWARD R. RITVO, EDWARD M. ORNITZ, RICHARD D. WALTER, JOHN HANLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Clinical and EEG data were independently reevaluated for 184 children hospitalized for psychiatric reasons. No significant correlations were noted between clinical diagnoses and EEG findings. A uniform incidence (about 35 percent) of abnormal tracings was noted, irrespective of the clinical diagnoses, in children with specific CNS pathology or histories of conditions known to be associated with organic brain dysfunction. The necessity for obtaining more than one EEG examination and for recording from sleep was demonstrated.
Cyclooctylamine in the prevention of experimental human influenza
Authors: Y. Togo
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The prophylactic effectiveness of intranasally given SK&amp;F 23880A (cyclooctylamine hydrochloride) against induced A<sub>2</sub>/Hong Kong influenza was evaluated in double-blind trials on nine drug-treated and seven placebo-treated subjects. The topical SK&amp;F 23880A formulation was effective in preventing overt influenza in these susceptible subjects. The degree and duration of febrile reactions were substantially diminished. The drug exerted little effect in minimizing other signs and symptoms, however. Influenza viruses were recorded from all subjects but in apparently smaller quantities from the drug-treated men. Postchallenge serum antibody titers were significantly lower in the drug-treated group. Respiratory secretory antibody responses in this group were also reduced, but only slightly. Three drug-treated men complained of transient, mild nasopharyngeal irritation associated with the intranasally given medication.
Interpretation of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>Values
Authors: David B. Sacks, W. Garry John
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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LDL Apheresis Reduces the Susceptibility of LDL to in Vitro oxidation in a Diabetic Patient With Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Ikuo Inoue, Keiichi Takahashi, Chitose Kikuchi, Shigehiro Katayama
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE We studied whether LDL apheresis would alter the susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidative modification induced by copper ion in a diabetic patient undergoing hemodialysis treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Isolated LDL was dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline and resuspended at a concentration of 0.3 mg cholesterol mass/ml buffer LDL oxidation was then initiated by addition of 1.66 μmol/l CuSO4, and the formation of conjugated dienes was continuously monitored spectrophotometrically at 234 nm. RESULTS The duration of the lag phase of LDL obtained after LDL apheresis was markedly longer than that of LDL obtained before LDL apheresis. The propagation rate and the maximum conjugated diene formation of LDL oxidation were not changed after LDL apheresis. CONCLUSIONS A LDL subfraction that was susceptible to oxidation was removed by LDL apheresis, resulting in reduction of susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation remaining in plasma. LDL apheresis may be of clinical importance for preventing atherosclerotic disease in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Crohn’s disease
Authors: R K S PHILLIPS
Journal: Gut (1998)

Circadian rhythms in nocturnal and diurnal mammals are primarily synchronized to local time by the light/dark cycle. However, nonphotic factors, such as behavioral arousal and metabolic cues, can also phase shift the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs) and/or reduce the synchronizing effects of light in nocturnal rodents. In diurnal rodents, the role of arousal or insufficient sleep in these functions is still poorly understood. In the present study, diurnal Sudanian grass rats, <i>Arvicanthis ansorgei</i>, were aroused at night by sleep deprivation (gentle handling) or caffeine treatment that both prevented sleep. Phase shifts of locomotor activity were analyzed in grass rats transferred from a light/dark cycle to constant darkness and aroused in early night or late night. Early night, but not late night, sleep deprivation induced a significant phase shift. Caffeine on its own induced no phase shifts. Both sleep deprivation and caffeine treatment potentiated light-induced phase delays and phase advances in response to a 30 min light pulse, respectively. Sleep deprivation in early night, but not late night, potentiated light-induced c-Fos expression in the ventral SCN. Caffeine treatment in midnight triggered c-Fos expression in dorsal SCN. Both sleep deprivation and caffeine treatment potentiated light-induced c-Fos expression in calbindin-containing cells of the ventral SCN in early and late night. These findings indicate that, in contrast to nocturnal rodents, behavioral arousal induced either by sleep deprivation or caffeine during the sleeping period potentiates light resetting of the master circadian clock in diurnal rodents, and activation of calbindin-containing suprachiasmatic cells may be involved in this effect. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Arousing stimuli have the ability to regulate circadian rhythms in mammals. Behavioral arousal in the sleeping period phase shifts the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and/or slows down the photic entrainment in nocturnal animals. How these stimuli act in diurnal species remains to be established. Our study in a diurnal rodent, the Grass rat, indicates that sleep deprivation in the early rest period induces phase delays of circadian locomotor activity rhythm. Contrary to nocturnal rodents, both sleep deprivation and caffeine-induced arousal potentiate the photic entrainment in a diurnal rodent. Such enhanced light-induced circadian responses could be relevant for developing chronotherapeutic strategies.
The relevance and effect of amalgam replacement in subjects with oral lichenoid reactions
Authors: S. H. IBBOTSON, E. L. SPEIGHT, R. I. MACLEOD, E. R. SMART, C. M. LAWRENCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

In this study we examined the prevalence of mercury hypersensitivity in patients with oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) and the effect of amalgam replacement in subjects with amalgams adjacent to OLR irrespective of their mercury sensitivity status. One hundred and ninety-seven patients with oral problems were examined: 109 with OLR, 22 with oral and generalized lichen planus, and 66 with other oral diagnoses, including aphthous ulcers and orofacial granulomatosis. Nineteen per cent of patients with OLR reacted to mercury on patch testing, significantly more than in those with generalized lichen planus (0%) and in those with other oral diagnoses (3%). Twenty-two patients with OLR and adjacent amalgams had amalgam replacement and, in 16 of 17 mercury-positive subjects and three of four mercury-negative subjects, the OLR resolved after amalgam removal. In conclusion, we found a significantly increased prevalence of mercury hypersensitivity in patients with localized OLR in comparison to subjects with other oral problems. Amalgam replacement resulted in resolution of OLR in the majority of patients with amalgams adjacent to OLR irrespective of their mercury sensitivity status.
Inhibition of - but not a 1-mediated adrenergic responses in isolated hearts and cardiomyocytes by nitric oxide and 8-bromo cyclic GMP
Authors: Y. Ebihara, M. Karmazyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The study was carried out to assess the effect of nitric oxide (NO) generation or inhibition of NO synthase on the cardiac response to beta- and alpha 1-adrenergic agonists. In addition, we determined the effects of the cell-permable analogue of cGMP, 8-bromo-cGMP (8Br-cGMP).Experiments were done in electrically-paced isolated perfused rat hearts as well as in ventricular myocytes. Hearts were exposed to either the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol (0.1 microM), or the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (2 microM in the presence of equimolar concentrations of propranolol), either with each drug alone or in the presence of the NO donors S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 10 microM) and 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1, 10 microM), the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10 microM) or 8Br-cGMP (50 microM). These concentrations of SNAP and 8Br-cGMP increase tissue cGMP levels approximately 3-fold after 15 min treatment. Myocardial contractility was assessed by determining left ventricular pressure with a fluid-filled balloon inserted into the left ventricle. Similar experiments were performed in myocytes in which cell shortening and intracellular calcium transients were determined although concentrations of isoproterenol and phenylephrine in myocytes were higher (1 and 5 microM, respectively) than those used in isolated hearts in order to achieve optimum responses.In isolated hearts isoproterenol increased developed pressure by about 50%, which was totally prevented by SNAP and SIN-1 and unaffected by L-NAME. 8Br-cGMP, however, did not significantly diminish the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol. Phenylephrine increased developed pressure of isolated hearts by about 30%, but this was totally unaffected by either SNAP, SIN-1 or 8Br-cGMP. In myocytes, isoproterenol significantly increased the calcium transient by more than 50% and cell shortening by about 70%. Both effects were significantly attenuated by SNAP, SIN-1 and 8Br-cGMP but unaffected by L-NAME. Phenylephrine significantly increased cell shortening and the calcium transient, but these responses were unaffected either by SNAP or 8Br-cGMP.The present study demonstrate that NO as well as guanylate cyclase inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, 8Br-cGMP attenuate beta-receptor-mediated cardiac responses and supports the concept that NO serves as an endogenous regulator of beta-mediated effects of catecholamines in the heart. In addition, our findings suggest that the antiadrenergic effects of NO are restricted to these receptors but likely do not involve alpha 1-mediated effects.
Liver Transplantation for Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: David J. Reich, Isabel Fiel, James V. Guarrera, Sukru Emre, Stephen R. Guy, Myron E. Schwartz, Charles M. Miller, Patricia A. Sheiner
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Publications about liver transplantation (LTX) for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have started to emerge, but many issues remain unresolved. We reviewed data on 32 patients transplanted for AIH to determine how pretransplantation and posttransplantation characteristics correlate with recipient outcome, including disease recurrence. Recipients were 37+/- 14 years old; 30 of 32 were women. Most had chronic disease (8 +/- 6 years); 25% had fulminant failure. The majority had ascites (91%), jaundice (88%), elevated prothrombin time (18 +/- 3 seconds), and hypoalbuminemia (2.7 +/- 0.6 g/dL). All had hypergammaglobulinemia (3.0 +/- 1.0 g/dL) and autoantibodies (72% antinuclear, 74% smooth muscle). Only one was HLA A1-B8-DR3 positive. Other autoimmune disorders affected 25% of patients; half improved after transplantation. Actuarial survival was 81% at 1 and 2 years posttransplantation. There was a high frequency of rejection (75% of recipients had 1.7 +/- 0.8 episodes), and 39% of rejections required OKT3. Among 24 recipients with long-term follow-up (27 +/- 14 months), histologically proven recurrent AIH occurred in 25%, 15 +/- 2 months posttransplantation; half (3 patients) required retransplantation 11 +/- 3 months after diagnosis. After retransplantation 2 of 3 patients had re-recurrence within 3 months; 1 received a third LTx. Recurrence occurred in 6 of 18 patients transplanted for chronic disease vs. 0 of 6 transplanted as fulminants (P = not significant [NS]). Patients with and without recurrence had similar rejection profiles. In summary, results of LTx for AIH are excellent. However, AIH patients have a high frequency of rejection and often require OKT3. Furthermore, severe recurrent AIH sometimes develops, particularly in chronic versus fulminant AIH patients and in those already retransplanted for recurrence. Multicenter studies could elucidate the best posttransplantation immunosuppressive regimens for AIH patients.
Research on Student Activism
Authors: ROBERT S. BERNS, DAPHNE E. BUGENTAL, GERALDINE P. BERNS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The personality structure of activists was compared with those of activist-sympathizers and conservatives on a university campus. The activists were most clearly distinguished from the other two groups in their manifestation of unconscious ambivalence toward their fathers and in their conflict over middleclass values. It was also found that conservative students manifested a somewhat parallel ambivalence toward their mothers and had more difficulty in relating to the opposite sex.
Treatment of advanced hepatitis C with a low accelerating dosage regimen of antiviral therapy
Authors: Gregory T. Everson, James Trotter, Lisa Forman, Marcelo Kugelmas, Arthur Halprin, Barbara Fey, Catherine Ray
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Patients with advanced hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at risk of death and are candidates for liver transplantation. After transplantation, HCV recurs and may rapidly progress to cirrhosis and graft loss. Treatment is needed to prevent progression of disease and minimize recurrence after liver transplantation. We evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and outcome of a low accelerating dose regimen (LADR) of antiviral therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced HCV. One hundred twenty-four patients (male/female ratio 81:43; age range 37-71 years; 70% genotype 1) were treated with LADR. Sixty-three percent had clinical complications of cirrhosis (ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, varices, variceal hemorrhage, encephalopathy). The mean Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score was 7.4 ± 2.3, and the mean MELD score was 11.0 ± 3.7. Fifty-six patients were CTP class A, 45 were class B, and 23 were class C. Forty-six percent were HCV RNA–negative at end of treatment, and 24% were HCV RNA–negative at last follow-up. Sustained virological response (SVR) was 13% in patients infected with genotype 1 HCV and 50% in patients infected with non-1 genotypes (P < .0001). Non-1 genotype, CTP class A (genotype 1 only), and ability to tolerate full dose and duration of treatment (P < .0001) were predictors of SVR. Twelve of 15 patients who were HCV RNA–negative before transplantation remained HCV RNA–negative 6 months or more after transplantation. In conclusion, in a sizeable proportion of patients with advanced HCV, LADR may render blood free of HCV RNA, stabilize clinical course, and prevent posttransplantation recurrence. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:255–262.)
STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS FOLLOWING MEASLES AND OTHER DISEASES
Authors: ERNEST E. IRONS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

We have recently had opportunity to study the incidence and symptoms of streptococcal infections following measles, tonsillitis and other conditions associated with lowered resistance in soldiers, and to make observations on their pathology and symptomatology that are of assistance in diagnosis and in determining treatment. During the fall and early winter up to the middle of December, 1917, approximately 200 cases of measles and fifty cases of rubella were treated, with complications in only three cases, otitis media in each instance, in one of which a mastoid infection required operation. With the advent of "colds," acute bronchitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis in the cantonment in late December and early January, a number of more serious complications appeared in measles patients as well as in soldiers in the hospital for other causes. The first one was a soldier convalescent from measles who was being held in quarters for the prescribed two weeks
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and QT Interval: Modification by Diabetes, Obesity, and Oxidative Stress Gene Polymorphisms in the Normative Aging Study
Authors: Emmanuel S. Baja, Joel D. Schwartz, Gregory A. Wellenius, Brent A. Coull, Antonella Zanobetti, Pantel S. Vokonas, Helen H. Suh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAcute exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with acute changes in cardiac outcomes, often within hours of exposure.ObjectivesWe examined the effects of air pollutants on heart-rate–corrected QT interval (QTc), an electrocardiographic marker of ventricular repolarization, and whether these associations were modified by participant characteristics and genetic polymorphisms related to oxidative stress.MethodsWe studied repeated measurements of QTc on 580 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS) using mixed-effects models with random intercepts. We fitted a quadratic constrained distributed lag model to estimate the cumulative effect on QTc of ambient air pollutants including fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations during the 10 hr before the visit. We genotyped polymorphisms related to oxidative stress and analyzed pollution–susceptibility score interactions using the genetic susceptibility score (GSS) method.ResultsAmbient traffic pollutant concentrations were related to longer QTc. An interquartile range (IQR) change in BC cumulative during the 10 hr before the visit was associated with increased QTc [1.89 msec change; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.16 to 3.93]. We found a similar association with QTc for an IQR change in 1-hr BC that occurred 4 hr before the visit (2.54 msec change; 95% CI, 0.28–4.80). We found increased QTc for IQR changes in NO2 and CO, but the change was statistically insignificant. In contrast, we found no association between QTc and PM2.5, SO2, and O3. The association between QTc and BC was stronger among participants who were obese, who had diabetes, who were nonsmokers, or who had higher GSSs.ConclusionsTraffic-related pollutants may increase QTc among persons with diabetes, persons who are obese, and nonsmoking elderly individuals; the number of genetic variants related to oxidative stress increases this effect.
Why nuclear disarmament is a medical issue
Authors: Lesley Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2007)

views & Reviews T his year, like previous years, has seen a spate of coverage in the British media of maulings by dogs.The most recent available data from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (www.rospa.co.uk) show that 70 000 people attended UK emergency departments in 2002 for injuries caused by dog bites.Many of these are attacks on children by the family pet and take place in the home (European Journal of Pediatrics 2003;162:254-8).Dog bites have become a public health concern and a child protection issue.As with many public health issues, however, individuals are reluctant to take responsibility and modify their behaviour.The medical profession is left to mop up the mess.Children are particularly vulnerable; one American study found that children under 5 were the age group most likely to have severe head and neck injuries (American Surgeon 1999;65:863-4).Undoubtedly, few people bitten by dogs die or are left with a profound disability.However, the number of people admitted to UK hospitals after being bitten by a dog is rising, despite a fall in dog ownership.Data collected by the Information Centre for Health and Social Care (www.hesonline.nhs.uk) show that 4133 patients were admitted to hospital in England in 2006 as a result of injuries from dog bites, almost double the number in 1996, and that 22% of these people were children under 9. Apart from the psychological and physical consequences (including infections) of dog bites, they result in unnecessary expense.It is clear that the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act does not work.For a start, it does not cover the majority of bites that occur in the family home, and only 764 people were prosecuted under the act in 2005.Also, all dogs bite, not just the four breeds prohibited under the act (the pit bull terrier, Japanese tosa, Argentine dogo, and fila Brasileiro, including cross-breeds).Indeed, one study showed that the most common dog bites
Balti curries and iron
Authors: S J Fairweather-Tait, T E Fox, A Mallillin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent nutritional problem in the world today and is recognised as a particular problem in developing countries. Those considered to be at greatest risk of developing nutritional iron deficiency are young children and women of reproductive age, especially pregnant and lactating women. Most cases of iron deficiency anaemia can be prevented or treated by iron supplementation and good nutrition.

The use of cast iron cookware has been shown to increase the iron content of food,1 and the bioavailability of this contaminant iron has been shown to be high.2 Although the use of cast iron cookware is not particularly …
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2, marks hepatic stellate cells in zebrafish: Analysis of stellate cell entry into the developing liver
Authors: Chunyue Yin, Kimberley J. Evason, Jacquelyn J. Maher, Didier Y.R. Stainier
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are liver-specific mesenchymal cells that play vital roles in liver development and injury. Our knowledge of HSC biology is limited by the paucity of in vivo data. HSCs and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) reside in close proximity, and interactions between these two cell types are potentially critical for their development and function. Here, we introduce a transgenic zebrafish line, Tg ( hand2:EGFP ), that labels HSCs. We find that zebrafish HSCs share many similarities with their mammalian counterparts, including morphology, location, lipid storage, gene-expression profile, and increased proliferation and matrix production, in response to an acute hepatic insult. Using the Tg ( hand2:EGFP ) line, we conducted time-course analyses during development to reveal that HSCs invade the liver after SECs do. However, HSCs still enter the liver in mutants that lack most endothelial cells, including SECs, indicating that SECs are not required for HSC differentiation or their entry into the liver. In the absence of SECs, HSCs become abnormally associated with hepatic biliary cells, suggesting that SECs influence HSC localization during liver development. We analyzed factors that regulate HSC development and show that inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling significantly reduces the number of HSCs that enter the liver. We also performed a pilot chemical screen and identified two compounds that affect HSC numbers during development. Conclusion: Our work provides the first comprehensive description of HSC development in zebrafish and reveals the requirement of SECs in HSC localization. The Tg ( hand2:EGFP ) line represents a unique tool for in vivo analysis and molecular dissection of HSC behavior.