tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Israel to set up genetic database after adoption scandal
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Israel's parliament is to set up a genetic database to provide some scientific answers to a controversy that has been running for decades.

Blood and saliva samples will be taken from hundreds of families who claim that their babies and toddlers were taken from them during the early years of the state and handed over or even sold to childless Ashkenazi (of European origin) survivors of the holocaust. In addition, people who suspect that they were illicitly taken for adoption may undergo testing, and geneticists will try to match them …
Subcutaneous panniculitis by Epstein-Barr virus-infected natural killer (NK) cell proliferation terminating in aggressive subcutaneous NK cell lymphoma
Authors: Yasunobu Abe, Koichiro Muta, Koichi Ohshima, Shinichiro Yasumoto, Motoaki Shiratsuchi, Ryoko Saito, Jun Tsujita, Tomoko Shibata, Masutaka Furue, Masahiro Kikuchi, Junji Nishimura, Hajime Nawata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We describe here a case involving a patient presenting initially with subcutaneous panniculitis, which developed after 12 years into aggressive subcutaneous natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma with peripheral blood involvement and hemophagocytosis. The surface marker of lymphoid cells in peripheral blood was CD2+3-7+8-16+56+. Skin biopsies were taken in May 1986 and June 1998. The initial biopsy revealed a diffuse proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells in the subcutaneous tissue with panniculitis, while the second biopsy revealed the presence of large lymphoid cells in the subcutaneous tissue with necrotic changes, consistent with a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (diffuse pleomorphic type). The lymphoid cells from these two specimens were positive for CD56 and such cytotoxic molecules as T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1), granzyme B, and, interestingly, also positive for Epstein-Barr (EB) virus by in situ hybridization. This suggests that chronic EB virus infections play an important role in the early stages of tumorigenesis and in the progression of NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Abstract B40: Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) confers a survival advantage to ovarian cancer cells under stress conditions by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity
Authors: Usawadee Dier, Larissa Uusitalo, Corinne Giroux, Nadine Hempel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The formation of cellular spheroids is considered to be an important step in the metastatic progression of ovarian cancer. These clusters of tumor cells are characterized by an enhanced survival within the peritoneal cavity, the ability to attach at secondary metastatic sites within the cavity and associated with increased chemoresistance. High expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2), which regulates mitochondrial redox balance, has been observed in metastatic ovarian cancer, specifically ovarian clear cell carcinomas (CCC), and in vitro, following spheroid formation. To assess the role of Sod2 in spheroid formation and ovarian cancer metastasis we utilized siRNA knock-down to decrease Sod2 expression in Ovcar3 and the CCC cell line ES-2. Surprisingly, under normal culture conditions, decreasing Sod2 levels had little effect on proliferation and spheroid formation. To elucidate the role of Sod2 on ovarian cancer mitochondrial function an extracellular flux metabolic analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience) was utilized to measure rates of cellular respiration. While the basal oxygen consumption rate remained unchanged, a decrease in Sod2 expression resulted in a concomitant decrease in respiratory reserve capacity. This reserve capacity is an important determinant of a cell's ability to increase metabolic rate under stress conditions. Given that ovarian cancer spheroids are exposed to the hypoxic environment of the peritoneal cavity, the role of Sod2 on ovarian cancer spheroid formation was assessed under low oxygen (1%) conditions. Hypoxia increased the clonogenicity and spheroid size of control cells, which was significantly abrogated following Sod2 knock-down. These data suggest that Sod2 confers a survival advantage to ovarian cancer spheroids under stress conditions by maintaining an adequate mitochondrial respiratory reserve. Manipulating mitochondrial function and redox balance by effectively targeting mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes may enhance chemosensitivity and allow for novel therapeutic strategies against ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Usawadee Dier, Larissa Uusitalo, Corinne Giroux, Nadine Hempel. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) confers a survival advantage to ovarian cancer cells under stress conditions by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B40.
Improved diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction on induced sputum and blood
Authors: G.Y. Lipschik, V.A. Andrawis, F.P. Ognibene, J.A. Kovacs, V.J. Gill, N.A. Nelson, J.D. Lundgren, J.O. Nielsen
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
JM8 (CISPLATIN ANALOGUE) ALONE FOR PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED ADVANCED OVARIAN CARCINOMA
Authors: J.P. Neijt, J.W.R. Nortier, C.P.J. Vendrik, A. Struyvenberg, E. Wiltshire, B. Evans, A.H. Calvert, A.C. Jones
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Quantification of mitral regurgitation by velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Naoya Fujita, Anne F. Chazouilleres, Jaakko J. Hartiala, Margaret O'sullivan, Paul Heidenreich, Jeffrey D. Kaplan, Hajime Sakuma, Elyse Foster, Gary R. Caputo, Charles B. Higgins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Clinical Trial-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Antipsychotic Use
Authors: Daniel Polsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Second-generation antipsychotics make up one of the fastest growing segments of the rapidly growing pharmaceutical sector. Given limited health care resources, assessment of the value for the cost of second-generation antipsychotics relative to first-generation antipsychotics is critical for resource-allocation decisions. Method: With a MEDLINE search, the authors identified eight studies (based on six randomized clinical trials) that analyzed the cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics relative to first-generation antipsychotics in individuals with schizophrenia disorders. The authors reviewed appropriate methods of measurement, analysis, and design of cost-effectiveness studies in randomized clinical trials and evaluated the validity of economic results derived from the studies in light of appropriate methods. Results: The eight randomized clinical trial-based cost-effectiveness studies of antipsychotic medications faced a variety of threats to validity related to 1) measurement of costs, 2) measurement of effectiveness, 3) analysis of costs, 4) measurement of sampling uncertainty, 5) analysis of incomplete cost data, 6) minimizing loss to follow-up, and 7) threats to external validity. Conclusions: Economic claims made by the authors of a number of trial-based economic evaluations have generally been favorable to second-generation antipsychotics. However, the methodological issues the authors of the current study identified suggest that there is no clear evidence that atypical antipsychotics generate cost savings or are cost-effective in general use among all schizophrenia patients. Psychiatrists, researchers, and administrators should consider the methodological issues highlighted in interpreting study results. These issues should be addressed in future trial designs.
Transcriptional regulation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene by polymorphisms associated with adult-type hypolactasia
Authors: M Kuokkanen
Journal: Gut (2003)

The mechanism of the developmental downregulation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene underlying adult-type hypolactasia is unknown. We have determined the functional significance of the recently identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), C/T(-13910) and G/A(-22018), associated with adult-type hypolactasia by studying LPH mRNA levels in intestinal biopsy samples with different genotypes.Intestinal biopsy samples were taken from 52 patients with abdominal complaints. Hypolactasia was diagnosed by determining lactase and sucrase activities and calculating their ratio (L/S ratio). The functional effect of the C/T(-13910) and G/A(-22018) genotype on expression of LPH mRNA was demonstrated in patients heterozygous for the C/T(-13910) and G/A(-22018) polymorphism and an informative expressed SNP located in the coding region of the LPH mRNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by solid phase minisequencing was used for accessing the relative expression levels of the LPH alleles using informative SNPs located in exons 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, or 17 as markers.Statistically significant differences between the three different genotypes CC(-13910) GG(-22018), CT(-13910) GA(-22018), and TT(-13910) AA(-22018) and their respective L/S ratios were observed. Relative quantitation of the expressed LPH alleles showed that the persistent allele represented 92 (6)% (mean (SEM), range 78-99%; n=14) of the expressed LPH mRNA. The patient with the homozygous persistent TT(-13910) AA(-22018), as well as hypolactasic patients with CC(-13910) GG(-22018), showed equal expression of both alleles (47 (1)%; n=7).Expression of LPH mRNA in the intestinal mucosa in individuals with T(-13910) A(-22018) alleles is several times higher than that found in individuals with C(-13910), G(-22018) alleles. These findings suggest that the two SNPs, C/T(-13910) and G/A(-22018), associated with adult-type hypolactasia, are associated with the transcriptional regulation of the LPH gene. The presence of the T(-13910) A(-22018) allele also shows significant elevation of the L/S ratio.
Mallory body-like abnormalities in carcinomas induced by cultured transformed rat liver cells
Authors: Ellen Borenfreund, Etienne DeHarven, Lorraine Garra
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Hepatoma cells isolated from rats after administration of a carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine, and propagated in culture, contained a genetically stable cytoskeletal abnormality resembling Mallory bodies. These juxtanuclear aggregates of intermediate-sized filaments were maintained in carcinomas produced in nude mice after inoculation of uncloned mass cultures and a cloned subculture. Paraffin and frozen sections of these tumors revealed acentric nuclei and a glassy hyalin-type cytoplasmic lesion which stained pink with hematoxylin-eosin and blue with Mallory’s aniline blue stain. The cells in culture and in the tumor sections were strongly positive for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Cryostat sections examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antisera to purified bovine hoof prekeratin, desmosome-associated tonofilaments from bovine muzzle, and murine vimentin, as well as transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of juxtanuclear aggregates of intermediate-sized filaments. All characteristics previously reported for the tissue culture cell line were stably maintained in the tumor tissue. These results suggest that the Mallory body-containing cells frequently observed in man in alcoholic hepatitis and other degenerative liver diseases could, under appropriate environmental “promoting” conditions, be precursor cells in focal hepatocellular carcinoma formation.
Burden and Prognostic Importance of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight and Obese Individuals
Authors: Erik Ingelsson, Lisa M. Sullivan, Caroline S. Fox, Joanne M. Murabito, Emelia J. Benjamin, Joseph F. Polak, James B. Meigs, Michelle J. Keyes, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Thomas J. Wang, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Philip A. Wolf, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The burden and prognostic importance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obesity has not been investigated systematically.We examined prevalence of subclinical disease in 1938 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 57 years; 59% women) by use of 5 tests (electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial pressure, and urinary albumin excretion) and stratified by body mass index (BMI) (normal, < 25; overweight, 25 to < 30.0; obese, > or = 30 kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC) (increased, > or = 88 cm for women or > or = 102 cm for men). We investigated risk of overt CVD associated with adiposity according to presence versus absence of subclinical disease on any of the 5 tests. Prevalence of subclinical disease was higher in overweight (40.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.68) and obese individuals (49.7%; odds ratio, 2.82) compared with individuals with normal BMI (29.3%) and in individuals with increased WC (44.9%; odds ratio, 1.67) compared with normal WC (31.9%). On follow-up (mean 7.2 years), 139 participants had developed overt CVD. Presence of subclinical disease was associated with > 2-fold risk of overt CVD in all BMI and WC strata, with no evidence of an interaction between BMI and subclinical disease. CVD risk was attenuated in participants with obesity or increased WC but without subclinical disease (adjusted hazard ratio for obesity, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 3.33; adjusted hazard ratio for increased WC, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 2.15), compared with individuals with normal BMI or WC and no subclinical disease, respectively.In our community-based sample, overweight and obesity were associated with high prevalence of subclinical disease, which partly contributed to the increased risk of overt CVD in these strata.
REACTION TIME RESPONSES BY SCHIZOPHRENICS, MENTAL DEFECTIVES AND NORMAL ADULTS
Authors: J. TIZARD, P. H. VENABLES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

A study carried out in a London mental hospital replicated an experiment by Rodnick and Shakow on "set in the schizophrenic as measured by a composite reaction time." Subjects were 25 chronic schizophrenics. A control group of 10 mental defectives and another of 10 colleagues of the writers were also tested. Results were similar to those obtained by Rodnick and Shakow, in that the schizophrenics were slower and more variable than the controls. Also unlike the controls, the schizophrenics tended to be quicker in response when the signals were presented at irregular intervals than when they were presented at regular ones, if the interval between a warning signal and the stimulus was greater than 4 seconds. Alternative hypotheses to account for the findings were proposed and tested but the results are held to confirm Rodnick and Shakow's hypothesis that schizophrenics suffer from defects of mental set.
Incorporation of drugs in an amorphous state into electrospun nanofibers composed of a water-insoluble, nonbiodegradable polymer
Authors: Geert Verreck, Iksoo Chun, Joel Rosenblatt, Jef Peeters, Alex Van Dijck, Jurgen Mensch, Marc Noppe, Marcus E. Brewster
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
US doctors display "No drug reps" signs
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Both mevalonic aciduria, characterized by psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia, recurrent fever attacks, and death in early childhood, and hyper-immunoglobulin D (hyper-IgD) syndrome, with recurrent fever attacks without neurologic symptoms, are caused by a functional deficiency of mevalonate kinase. In a systematic review of known mevalonate kinase–deficient patients, the authors identified five adults with phenotypic overlap between these two syndromes, which argues for a continuous spectrum of disease. Mevalonate kinase deficiency should be considered in adult patients with fitting neurologic symptoms, with or without periodic fever attacks.
Foreign donors are criticised for funding inhumane drug detention centre in Laos
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Users of illicit drugs in Laos are being detained without due process at a drug detention centre that is funded by international agencies, says a report by the New York based group Human Rights Watch. Inmates at the Somsanga Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre near the Laotian capital, Vientiane, are subjected to beatings and inhumane conditions, the report says.

The 76 page report strongly criticises international agencies, notably the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, for having funded the centre for a decade, in direct contravention of the UN office’s stated opposition to involuntary incarceration as treatment for drug dependency. Other known sources of funding are the governments of the United States, Australia, Japan, Germany, and Singapore.

The centre uses long term, compulsory detention to treat users of amphetamine type stimulants, the most common drugs used in Laos. The centre is also used to …
Primary Care of Women
Authors: Anne W. Moulton
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In the preface to<i>Primary Care of Women</i>, the editors state that the mission of the text is to "help primary care providers deal more effectively with the health care needs of women." Certainly, they accomplish this goal. The book derives from the clinical experience at Virginia Mason's Center For Women's Health in Seattle, Wash, a multidisciplinary practice established in 1988, which now has more than 20 000 patients.<i>Primary Care of Women</i>is a multidisciplinary text "encompassing a variety of topics in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and mental health." The suggested audience appropriately includes internists, family physicians, obstetrician-gynecologists, allied health professionals, and medical students and residents. In the past, traditional biomedical textbooks have chosen to include relevant psychosocial topics, almost as an afterthought at the end. In contrast, this text underscores the important role of the biopsychosocial model in the primary care of women by beginning with chapters
The Archaic Barbiturate Hypnotics
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, David J. Greenblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The nonspecific depressive action of barbituric acid derivatives on the central nervous system has been used to promote sleep ever since Fischer and von Mering introduced barbital into clinical medicine in 1903. Today, barbiturates remain far and away the hypnotics used most widely by ambulatory1 and hospitalized2 patients alike. In 1973 over 20 million prescriptions for barbiturates were filled in American retail pharmacies, and about half these drugs were given specifically for hypnotic purposes. The use of barbiturate hypnotics is decreasing both here and abroad, but the rate of decline is slow.3 The therapeutic overuse of "sleeping pills" has been . . .
Nylon for Buried Sutures
Authors: H. Haxton
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The child mortality rate accompanying the different methods of treatment was as follows: Caesarean section 28%, rupture of membranes 37°h, Willett's forceps 56%, version 93%.An unusually high neonatal death rate was encountered in this series, due to the frequent combination of prematurity with malnutrition and B, avitaminosis in the newborn.The use of Willett's forceps in the treatment of placenta praevia is advocated in cases in which Caesarean section is contraindicated and in which artificial rupture of the membranes fails to control the haemorrhage.We desire to make due acknowledgment to the former Director of Medical Services, Hong Kong, through whose courtesy clinical facilities were made available for the treatment of these patients.
Staging breast cancer: role of bone scanning.
Authors: C J Davies, P A Griffiths, B J Preston, A H Morris, C W Elston, R W Blamey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Bone scans using technetium-99m phosphate complexes and a rectilinear scanner were carried out on 192 women with primary operable breast cancer four to six weeks after operation. The lymph node status of all these patients was assessed histologically from triple node biopsy specimens. Only nine patients had positive scans, although 94 patients had histological evidence that the tumour had already spread beyond the confines of the breast. Bone scanning, although accurate as a prognostic guide, is helpful only in a very few cases, and serves mainly to confirm prognostic information obtained more simply and less extensively by histological examination of lymph node biopsy specimens.
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis and indinavir
Authors: A. Rachline, S. Lariven, V. Descamps, M. Grossin, E. Bouvet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Leucocytoclastic vasculitis and indinavir Get access A. Rachline, A. Rachline Clinique de Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, *Service de Dermatologie and †Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, FranceE‐mail: sylvie.lariven@bch.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Lariven, S. Lariven Clinique de Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, *Service de Dermatologie and †Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, FranceE‐mail: sylvie.lariven@bch.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Descamps, V. Descamps Clinique de Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, *Service de Dermatologie and †Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, FranceE‐mail: sylvie.lariven@bch.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Grossin, M. Grossin Clinique de Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, *Service de Dermatologie and †Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, FranceE‐mail: sylvie.lariven@bch.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Bouvet E. Bouvet Clinique de Réanimation des Maladies Infectieuses, *Service de Dermatologie and †Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, FranceE‐mail: sylvie.lariven@bch.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 5, 1 November 2000, Pages 1112–1113, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03870.x Published: 01 November 2000
Listeriosis in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Who Were Treated with Fludarabine and Prednisone
Authors: Elias Anaissie, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Hagop Kantarjian, Linda Elting, Lester E. Robertson, Michael Keating
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪Objective: To determine whether therapy with fludarabine plus prednisone in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia increases the risk for developing listeriosis. ▪Design: Retrospective cohort study based on hospital surveillance data. ▪Setting: Referral cancer center. ▪Participants: A total of 795 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who received care at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1980 and 1990. ▪Interventions: Patients were treated with fludarabine alone or fludarabine and prednisone. ▪Measurements: The listeriosis attack rate was analyzed according to the type of treatment received. ▪Results: Seven of 408 patients in the fludarabine group developed listeriosis (1. 7%; 95% Cl, 0.2% to 6%) compared with 0 of 387 patients who received conventional chemotherapy alone (0% to 0.9%; P = 0.015). The 7 patients were among 248 patients who were treated with both fludarabine and prednisone; none of 160 patients treated with fludarabine alone developed listeriosis (P = 0.045 by the Fisher exact test). A dramatic reduction in CD4 counts occurred in patients after fludarabine and prednisone treatment and coincided with the development of listeriosis. ▪Conclusion: The administration of fludarabine plus prednisone is associated with an increased incidence of listeriosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The depletion of CD4 cells may underlie the pathogenesis.