tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Labour in a Primipara Complicated by a Large Urethral Cyst and by Prolapsus Uteri
Authors: J. Hickinbotham
Journal: BMJ (1882)

ON November I2th, ISMo, in consultation with Dr. Young of Erding ton, I saw Mrs. S., aged 2I, who was daily expecting her first confinement.An examination revealed a huge mass protruding from the vulva, which consisted of a greatly hypertrophied cervix; and in front of it a large soft tumour, which I took for a cystocele.Be- hind the prolapsed mass, and lying in a flaccid condition against the posterior vaginal wall, was a perfect hymen of the typical sickle shape.The pelvis seemed of average size, and there was nothing in the general state of the patient to cause anxiety.The os uteri easily admitted a finger; and with some trouble (from the extreme length of the cervix) I was able to recognise the head pre- senting.The membranes were entire.After consideration, it was determined to wait and watch until labour should come on, in the hope that gradual dilatation would occur, and the delivery end naturally.Labour began on the evening of the 21st, and, although the pains were strong and regular, no advance was made; therefore Dr. Young asked me to see her again at I I a.m. the next day.At this time the os was but little larger than above described, and presented a very peculiar appearance, being perfectly annular, and sur- rounded by a ring of white, shining, gristly-looking fibres.Imme- diately above this, the cervix was encircled by large veins, with dilata- tions alm,)st hemorrhoidal in their character.The membranes had ruptured some hours previously, and the head could be felt at the brim, but was not affected by the pains, which were of moderate length and force.
Feasibility of Oxaliplatin Containing Regimens for Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) with Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: A. Komori, C. Kondo, K. Yamaguchi, H. Taniguchi, S. Kadowaki, D. Takahari, T. Ura, M. Ando, K. Muro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Detection of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Suspected of Neoplastic Meningitis
Authors: Masato Shingyoji, Hajime Kageyama, Tsukasa Sakaida, Takahiro Nakajima, Yukiko Matsui, Meiji Itakura, Toshihiko Iuchi, Sana Yokoi, Hideki Kimura, Toshihiko Iizasa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Cuts threaten to undermine progress in reducing teenage pregnancies, charities claim
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

New figures showing teenage pregnancies have fallen to a 30 year low could be short lived owing to cuts in sexual health services across England and Wales, campaigners are warning.

The rate of teenage pregnancies in 2009 fell by 5.9% compared with the previous year, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics. Overall, girls aged 15-17 years accounted for 34 328 (3.83%) of the total number of 896 300 pregnancies in 2009. This represents a drop in conceptions from 40.7 per 1000 in 2008 to 38.3 per 1000 in 2009.

Julie Bentley, chief executive of the Family Planning Association, welcomed the progress, saying that it was “down to a dedicated strategy …
Comparison of prevalence of schizophrenia among residents of hostels for homeless people in 1966 and 1992
Authors: J. Geddes, R. Newton, G. Young, S. Bailey, C. Freeman, R. Priest
Journal: BMJ (1994)

COVID-19 has exposed the National Health Service (NHS) to the greatest challenge in its existence, highlighting the need for nimble, reactive and inclusive leadership. It is set against a backdrop of a workforce recruitment and retention crisis predicted to worsen in coming years. There is a need to do things differently in healthcare, including better diversity and distribution of leadership. We make the case for senior non-consultant doctors, in the UK more usually referred to as specialty and associate specialist or locally employed doctors. These skilled, experienced medics have much to offer yet are frequently overlooked, with little guidance or support from central organisations and medical colleges or within NHS Trusts themselves. In this commentary, we suggest ways this workforce might be better tapped into, to the benefit of patients and healthcare systems, as well as the doctors themselves.
Human Radiation Dose Estimation of 11C-CFT Using Whole-Body PET
Authors: Tingting Huang, Hongliang Wang, Ganghua Tang, Xiang Liang, Huaifu Deng, Chang Yi, Xiangsong Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

C-Labeled 2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (C-CFT) is a commonly used positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for dopamine transporters imaging. The present study estimated human radiation absorbed doses of C-CFT based on whole-body PET imaging in healthy subjects.Whole-body PET was performed on 6 subjects after injection of 472.06 ± 116.47 MBq of C-CFT. 7 Frames were acquired for about 70 min in 7 segments of the body. Regions of interest were drawn on PET images of source organs. Residence time was calculated as the area under the time-activity curve. Radiation dosimetry was calculated from organ residence time using the medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIDR) method.The organs with the highest radiation-absorbed doses were the urinary bladder, followed the spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and stomach. The dose-limiting critical organ was the urinary bladder. The effective dose was 8.89E-03 mSv/MBq (22.9 mrem/mCi). Biexponential fitting of mean bladder activity demonstrated that 18% of activity was excreted via the urine.The potential radiation risks of C-CFT associated with in this study are well within accepted limits. C-CFT demonstrates a favorable radiation dose profile in humans and allows multiple PET examinations on the same subject per year.
Binding of Antigen to Surface Ig during <i>in vitro</i> Hyposensitization of Isolated Rat Mast Cells
Authors: P. Stahl Skov, S. Norn, A. Wiik
Journal: Allergy (1979)

The mechanism of in vitro hyposensitization was examined in isolated rat mast cells. Surface distribution of immunoglobulin was examined by immunofluorescence technique. Hyposensitization could be ascribed neither to changes in the distribution of surface immunoglobulins nor to capping or shedding phenomena. The distribution of cell-bound antigen and the number of antigen-positive cells (patch-bearing cells) was not changed by hyposensitization. The binding of antigen to surface Ig was quantitated by I125-labelled antigen. In rats sensitized to two different antigens, hyposensitization of the mast cells with one of these inhibited the subsequent histamine release induced by either of the two antigens, whereas no changes were observed in the antigen binding capacity. The present investigation indicates that the mechanism of in vitro hyposensitization is the result of events secondary to the initial binding of antigen to the mast cell surface immunoglobulin.
Ultralarge multimers of von Willebrand factor form spontaneous high-strength bonds with the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex: studies using optical tweezers
Authors: Maneesh Arya, Bahman Anvari, Gabriel M. Romo, Miguel A. Cruz, Jing-Fei Dong, Larry V. McIntire, Joel L. Moake, JoséA. López
Journal: Blood (2002)
Sickle Cell Screening
Authors: Frank R. Camp
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are gratified that Uddin et al (227:1405, 1974) have found the automated dithionite test (<i>Clin Chem</i>17:1033, 1971) so reliable in sickle cell hemoglobin screening. Because of the closing caveat about screening civilian populations, emphasis on several points is offered. The use of the automated dithionite test (ADT) as the<i>initial</i>method of screening, and the reservation of hemoglobin electrophoresis (HE) for those cases that are ADT-positive or that require genetic counseling, is an eminently satisfactory procedure, yielding requisite data at lowest cost. Not all newly found cases of hemoglobin S will require or demand genetic counseling; when the ADT gives positive findings, the HE should be performed on such specimens in that sequence to get the essential data. Electrophoresis does<i>not</i>need to be done on all specimens in any given test population. Exaggerated preoccupation with hemoglobin C has led to the expensive and redundant
People seem confused about sensible drinking messages
Authors: Jan S Gill, Fiona O'May
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Eleven years after publication of guidelines on sensible drinking,1 the social repercussions from the abuse of alcohol remain worrying in the UK. Unit labelling of alcohol drink containers was introduced in 1998 on a voluntary basis. In 2004 the government encouraged manufacturers to add messages on sensible drinking.2

We investigated two interrelated aspects of public health education—recall of sensible drinking messages and awareness of drink labelling—among Scottish supermarket shoppers. The supermarket visited has pre-empted UK drink labelling innovations—since 2003 wine sourced from its own …
Oncogenic Synergism between ErbB1, Nucleolin, and Mutant Ras
Authors: Keren Farin, Sari Schokoroy, Roni Haklai, Ifat Cohen-Or, Galit Elad-Sfadia, Merit E. Reyes-Reyes, Paula J. Bates, Adrienne D. Cox, Yoel Kloog, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Alterations in the ErbB family of growth factor receptors, their signaling components, and mutational activation of Ras proteins are major contributors to malignant transformation. Recently, mutant Ras was shown to be capable of activating ErbB receptors in a ligand-independent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that nucleolin, a transcriptional regulator and ribosome biogenesis factor, can bind both K-Ras and the cytoplasmic tail of ErbB receptors to enhance ErbB receptor activation. However, the functional significance of these interactions to cancer pathogenesis has not been probed. Here, we show that endogenous nucleolin interacts simultaneously in vivo with endogenous Ras and ErbB1 (EGFR) in cancer cells. The C-terminal 212 amino acids of nucleolin were determined to be sufficient to interact with ErbB1 and all Ras protein isoforms (H-, N-, and K-Ras). Nucleolin partially colocalizes with Ras at the plasma membrane. Moreover, activated but not wild-type Ras facilitates nucleolin interaction with ErbB1 and stabilizes ErbB1 receptor levels. Most importantly, these three oncogenes synergistically facilitate anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our findings suggest strategies to target nucleolin as a general approach to inhibiting ErbB- and Ras-driven cancers.
Parallel cardiac and vascular adaptation in hypertension.
Authors: M J Roman, P S Saba, R Pini, M Spitzer, T G Pickering, S Rosen, M H Alderman, R B Devereux
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Although vascular damage in the noncoronary circulation is a major cause of complications in hypertension, relatively little is known of the in vivo geometry and function of the arterial circulation in patients with uncomplicated hypertension or of their relation to left ventricular hypertrophy, a marker of enhanced risk of cardiovascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS Wall thickness and internal diameter of the common carotid artery and the presence of atherosclerosis within the extracranial carotid arteries were determined by ultrasound in 43 asymptomatic hypertensive patients and 43 normotensive subjects matched for sex, age, and body size. Vascular stiffness was estimated from simultaneous superimposed carotid pressure waveforms obtained with an external solid-state transducer. Left ventricular size and function were determined echocardiographically. Compared with normal subjects, hypertensive patients had greater left ventricular absolute and relative wall thicknesses, left ventricular mass, and carotid absolute and relative wall thicknesses (p &lt; 0.005). Carotid intimal-medial thickness exceeded the 95th percentile of normal values in 28% of hypertensive patients (p &lt; 0.01). Carotid atherosclerosis was equally prevalent within the two blood pressure groups and was associated with older age, larger left ventricular and carotid wall thicknesses, and carotid diameter. Despite similar carotid pulse pressures, vascular stiffness was significantly increased in the hypertensive patients. Among the population as a whole, significant relations existed between cardiac and vascular wall thicknesses and internal dimensions. In multivariate analyses, these relations were statistically independent of age and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The present study documents the presence of geometric and functional changes within the common carotid artery in uncomplicated hypertension that parallel findings within the left ventricle. The potential contribution of these changes to the cardiovascular complications of hypertension, particularly in the setting of left ventricular hypertrophy, is unknown.
Estimating The Minimal Important Difference (MID) Of The Measures In The Urticaria Patient Daily Diary (UPDD): Updated Findings Using Data From The Asteria I, Asteria II, and Glacial Studies Of Omalizumab In Chronic Idiopathic/Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Susan Mathias, Ross D. Crosby, Karin Rosen, James Zazzali
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Acquired ichthyosis: multiple causes for an acquired generalized disturbance in desquamation
Authors: P.J. DYKES, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Acquired ichthyosis: multiple causes for an acquired generalized disturbance in desquamation Get access P.J. DYKES, P.J. DYKES Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff address: Dr P.J.Dykes, Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MARKS R. MARKS Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 3, 1 September 1977, Pages 327–334, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15191.x Published: 01 September 1977
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Mortality Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction Presenting Without Chest Pain
Authors: John G. Canto
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Although chest pain is widely considered a key symptom in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), not all patients with MI present with chest pain. The extent to which this phenomenon occurs is largely unknown.To determine the frequency with which patients with MI present without chest pain and to examine their subsequent management and outcome.Prospective observational study.A total of 434,877 patients with confirmed MI enrolled June 1994 to March 1998 in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2, which includes 1674 hospitals in the United States.Prevalence of presentation without chest pain; clinical characteristics, treatment, and mortality among MI patients without chest pain vs those with chest pain.Of all patients diagnosed as having MI, 142,445 (33%) did not have chest pain on presentation to the hospital. This group of MI patients was, on average, 7 years older than those with chest pain (74.2 vs 66.9 years), with a higher proportion of women (49.0% vs 38.0%) and patients with diabetes mellitus (32.6% vs 25. 4%) or prior heart failure (26.4% vs 12.3%). Also, MI patients without chest pain had a longer delay before hospital presentation (mean, 7.9 vs 5.3 hours), were less likely to be diagnosed as having confirmed MI at the time of admission (22.2% vs 50.3%), and were less likely to receive thrombolysis or primary angioplasty (25.3% vs 74.0%), aspirin (60.4% vs 84.5%), beta-blockers (28.0% vs 48.0%), or heparin (53.4% vs 83.2%). Myocardial infarction patients without chest pain had a 23.3% in-hospital mortality rate compared with 9.3% among patients with chest pain (adjusted odds ratio for mortality, 2. 21 [95% confidence interval, 2.17-2.26]).Our results suggest that patients without chest pain on presentation represent a large segment of the MI population and are at increased risk for delays in seeking medical attention, less aggressive treatments, and in-hospital mortality. JAMA. 2000;283:3223-3229
The Diagnostic Dilemma of Isolated Hyperthyroxinemia in Acute Illness
Authors: Laurence A. Gavin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Eighteen patients with a variety of illnesses but no history of thyroid disease were shown to have elevated serum total and free thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) concentrations but low serum total triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) levels. Thyroid function tests were requested initially to exclude the possibility of hyperthyroidism in a setting of hypermetabolism. Clinical and laboratory follow-up investigations demonstrated that 15 patients were euthyroid and that hormonal alterations were transient features of the intercurrent illnesses. Three patients did, in fact, have hyperthyroidism. Retrospective analysis of diagnostic data demonstrated that of the initial thyroid function screening tests, serum total T<sub>3</sub>concentration, the T<sub>3</sub>/TF<sub>4</sub>ratio, and the indirectly measured free T<sub>3</sub>(FT<sub>3</sub>) index were the most useful parameters in excluding hyperthyroidism. The FT<sub>3</sub>index was the most helpful, being normal or low in all the euthyroid and high in each of the hyperthyroid patients. (<i>JAMA</i>242:251-253, 1979)
Hormone Secretion in Klinefelter's Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Harry C. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1964)

I bow to Dr. Segre's comments. He is quite correct. The 17-ketosteroid excretion is a reflection of many precursors, only one of which is testosterone. In the reference given as a source for the statement in question, of 17 patients with chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome, 12 had 17-ketosteroid excretions in the normal range, 3 had below normal, and 2 had above normal excretions. Undoubtedly, although androgens make up some proportion of this excretion, many other precursors are involved. It is interesting that testosterone is believed to originate in the Leydig cells (which are abundant in the small Klinefelter's testis), but nonandrogenic hormones apparently arise from the seminiferous tubules (which are dysgenetic and presumably poorly functioning in this syndrome). What is truly needed is more complete determination of the precursors produced by the Klinefelte-'s patient, in an effort to learn what makes up the proportion not produced as testosterone, if this is
Prime minister promises raft of new screening tests
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Gordon Brown has promised an array of screening tests designed to shift the focus of the NHS towards prevention rather than cure and to provide more “personal and responsive” services.

In a speech delivered on Monday at the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Widwifery at King’s College London, Mr Brown promised “new access to check-ups, screening tests, and preventive health vaccines.”

He said that doctors would become advisers as well as physicians, nurses would become trainers as well as carers, and patients would be not just consumers but partners in their care.

The announcement follows that given last week of the creation of an NHS constitution, setting …
Who Heals the Sick?
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— I take strong exception to Heineman's statement that either we assume that God does not want Nature tampered with, in which case we leave it alone, or we ignore God, and use our own judgement (218:1829, 1971). Is there not another possibility? viz, true healing lies only with G'd, the Divine Healer, as expressed in the Bible (For I am the Lord that healeth thee [Exodus 15:26]), but G'd endows the mortal physician with the knowledge and skill with which to heal by earthly or natural means. Such is the Judaic interpretation of the physician's role as a healer.  Talmudic phrase The best of physicians is worthy of hell (Tractate Kiddushin 82a), is interpreted to refer to physicians who totally deny the Divine involvement in life and death, health and disease, and who in fact play G'd when they practice medicine.It is not at
Is Suicide a Special Occupational Hazard for Physicians?
Authors: Suzanne M. de la Monte
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The literature on physician suicide in the United States was reviewed to determine whether suicide is a special occupational hazard for physicians. Although several early studies suggested that the suicide rate in physicians was significantly higher than that of the general population, 1 subsequent controlled studies failed to substantiate this contention with regard to male physicians, 2 but female physicians were shown to have threefold to fourfold higher suicide rates than women in the general population. 3 However, these trends in suicide are no different from those observed for other professional groups, and, therefore, the trends are not unique to physicians.  Physicians commit suicide most frequently by drug overdose and poisoning and exhibit a marked distaste for firearms. In the general population and in other professional groups, firearms are most frequently used to commit suicide. 4 However, based on the observations of suicide rates among pharmacists and
Contractile properties and fatigue of the diaphragm in man.
Authors: J Moxham, A J Morris, S G Spiro, R H Edwards, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1981)

We studied the pressure developed by the diaphragm in response to stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the neck, in three normal men. When the phrenic was electrically stimulated at increasing frequencies the diaphragm responded by increasing transdiaphragmatic pressure to give a frequency-pressure curve similar to the frequency-force curve for other skeletal muscles. The subjects than breathed through an inspiratory resistance for as long as possible and the frequency-pressure curve was repeated. It was found that the diaphragm developed low frequency fatigue, in the same way as previously described for other muscles. We conclude that the diaphragm has contractile properties similar to these of other skeletal muscles. Low frequency fatigue of the diaphragm could contribute to respiratory failure in patients with lung disease.
Na+-dependent SR Ca2+ overload induces arrhythmogenic events in mouse cardiomyocytes with a human CPVT mutation
Authors: Simon Sedej, Frank R. Heinzel, Stefanie Walther, Nataliya Dybkova, Paulina Wakula, Jan Groborz, Phillip Gronau, Lars S. Maier, Marc A. Vos, F. Anthony Lai, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Jens Kockskämper, Burkert Pieske
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsMutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel, RyR2, underlie catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited life-threatening arrhythmia. CPVT is triggered by spontaneous RyR2-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in response to SR Ca2+ overload during β-adrenergic stimulation. However, whether elevated SR Ca2+ content—in the absence of protein kinase A activation—affects RyR2 function and arrhythmogenesis in CPVT remains elusive.
Entry to general practice training.
Authors: J Roberts, J Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Since 1979 general practitioner trainees in the North West Region of England have been assessed on knowledge and ability by several tests, including the multiple choice test. Trainers in the region require a score in the MCQ of 45% before taking a trainee into the practice. More British graduates have achieved this score than overseas graduates. The difference was statistically significant. Only applicants who show adequate factual recall should be appointed as trainees.