tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kernicterus Without Prematurity or Blood-group Incompatibility
Authors: N. R. Butler, W. G. Spector
Journal: BMJ (1952)

BDJCr JOURA streptomycin only than in those on combined therapy; among the latter it was higher in those patients for whom the daily dose of P.A.S. was 5 or 10 g. than in those receiving 20 g. daily.The clinical significance of streptomycin resistance is discussed.In patients with a similar initial condition the results were worst in those who developed high degrees of drug resistance.Moderate drug resistance seems to be of less clinical significance.This report is based on the work of clinical investigations directed first by the Medical Research Council Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Trials Commiittee, and then by a Joint Subcommittee composed of members from the parent committee and from the Research Committee of the British Tuberculosis Association.In these trials a large number of clinicians and pathologists have taken part.Their names appear in the report of each trial.To them the gratitude of the medical profession is due; only by their constant adherence to a centrally devised scheme and by a most remarkable team spirit on a large scale have these investigations been possible.
Acquired hemoglobin H disease in idiopathic myelofibrosis
Authors: Ashabala Veer, Barbara A. Kosciolek, Arthur W. Bauman, Peter T. Rowley
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A 68‐year‐old white male, diagnosed 1 year previously as having myelofibrosis, developed hemolysis, red cell inclusions, and 37% Hb H. The alpha/beta globin synthetic ratio for circulating reticulocytes, determined by 3 H‐leucine incorporation and globin chain separation by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography in urea, was 0.049. When total RNA was purified from peripheral blood cells and translated in a wheat germ cell‐free translation system, the alpha/beta ratio of the translation products was 0.26, indicting mRNA as a major cause of the globin synthetic imbalance. This study demonstrates that myelofibrosis is one setting in which acquired Hb H disease occurs; that the synthetic imbalance may be extreme; and that it can be associated with an imbalance in the activities of specific globin mRNAs.
Brain Tumors: Their Biology and Pathology
Authors: David Cowen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This compact volume of some 300 pages makes available to English readers abundant information on the pathology of intracranial tumors, much of it derived from the author's long personal experience with these growths in Germany. Although there are still many points of disagreement as to the origin, nature, and proper terminology of the neoplasms, decades of study by many workers have dispelled much of the early confusion. The viewpoints expressed in this work will probably be found acceptable in large part by most American neuropathologists.  Approximately half of the book is devoted to what is referred to in the subtitle as the biology of brain tumors. This includes, among others, such topics as the criteria for classification, frequency of occurrence, preferred sites of origin, manner of growth and secondary effects on the brain. The associated clinical phenomena, which might equally well be considered among the biological attributes of these neoplasms,
Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ameliorates ischemic derangements induced by thrombotic occlusion in closed chest anesthetized dogs
Authors: Kensuke Egashira, Kohichi Kawai, Mitsunori Nagano, Atsushi Sakuma, Motoomi Nakamura, Hitonobu Tomoike
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Letter: Low-dosage treatment with tetrabenazine.
Authors: R Schneider, A P Buchan, T A Couston
Journal: BMJ (1976)

While rarely heard of nowadays except in Dr Apley's metaphorical sense, a tooth-comb was in the past an essential weapon in the battle against head-lice.Perhaps its apparently superfluous prefix was suggested by the pain caused by its being dragged across the scalp and through tangled hair in the search for the elusive nit.-Ep,BM7.
TCTAP A-029 Low Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients Treated with Dual-antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Yoshiki Nagata, Takuya Mayumi, Tomoya Harada, Masaki Kinoshita, Isao Aburadani, Motoaki Hirazawa, Michiro Maruyama, Kazuo Usuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 5236: Identification of miR-888 as the first miRNA cancer-testis antigen
Authors: Adriann M. Hovey, Eric J. Devor, Donghai Dai, Kimberly K. Leslie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are a large family of genes that are exclusively expressed in human testes and are typically located on the X chromosome and part of multicopy gene families. Importantly, CT antigens are overexpressed in a variety of tumors. To date, all known CT antigens are protein-coding genes. Here we identify miR-888 as the first miRNA with features characteristic of a CT antigen. In a panel of 21 normal human tissues, miR-888 expression was high in testes, but minimal or absent in all other tissues. Analysis of cancer cell lines demonstrated expression of miR-888 in endometrial cancer cells, but not in choriocarcinoma, breast, ovarian or prostate cancer cells. In endometrial patient tumor specimens, miR-888 was 8-fold overexpressed relative to benign endometrium (p &amp;lt; 0.01). In addition, expression of miR-888 was highest in endometrial carcinosarcomas (fold change = 22, p &amp;lt; 0.01), a rare and aggressive type of endometrial tumor. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that miR-888 expression is significantly associated with high stage and grade endometrial tumors, which has also been observed for many other CT antigens. Furthermore, the miR-888 gene is part of a multicopy gene family on the X chromosome and evolved recently in primates through gene duplication. Therefore, we classify miR-888 as the first miRNA CT antigen and hypothesize that other miRNAs located on the X chromosome may also function as CT antigens. These findings have the potential to advance understanding of cancer-testis genes, their evolution and what role they play in testis and cancer biology. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Adriann M. Hovey, Eric J. Devor, Donghai Dai, Kimberly K. Leslie. Identification of miR-888 as the first miRNA cancer-testis antigen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5236
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
Authors: Jack Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Resnick and his colleagues "have been unable to find a single homozygous deficient subject, but found a number of TICs below 0.4, ie, in the heterozygous range." Our communications<sup>1,2</sup>and most others state that TIC values below 0.4 are in the homozygous range, not heterozygous. Normal TIC values fall above 0.85 units; heterozygates between 0.4 and 0.85 units. The finding of a number of homozygates in their group of miners is of great interest. It is possible that Resnick et al were unable to detect a bimodal distribution of TIC values in their study of a relatively healthy population because the miners studied had no definitive chest disease other than a complaint of shortness of breath. We were not able to demonstrate a bimodal distribution in our normal control populations, but 4.7% of the subjects tested, comprising the lowermost tail of the distribution curve, were
Child immunisation is becoming unaffordable in some countries, charity warns
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The cost of fully immunising a child has increased 68 times in the past 13 years while the number of vaccines has doubled, warns a new report by the healthcare charity Medecins sans Frontieres.1

In 2001 the World Health Organization’s vaccination schedule included six vaccinations: tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis, at a minimum cost of $0.67 (£0.44; €0.58). By 2014 six more vaccines had been added (for hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal diseases, rotavirus, rubella, and human papillomavirus in adolescent girls), but prices had increased to $32.09-$45.59.

The report said that these prices were a “best …
Rate of rise of myocardial PCO2 during early myocardial ischemia in the dog.
Authors: R B Case, A Felix, F S Castellana
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We have investigated the rate of rise of myocardial PCO2 (PmCO2) after coronary artery occlusion using a new method for this measurement. Previous studies of PmCO2 have been limited by the slow response of the only available method, and no increase in MmCO2 prior to 3 minutes after occlusion has been found. We have implanted a miniature PCO2 electrode, with a 63% response time of 14 seconds, into the left ventricle of 14 open-chest dogs. After abrupt coronary occlusion, PmCO2 began to rise in 13.6 +/- 1.1 seconds in heparinized dogs and in 7.5 +/- 0.7 seconds in unheparinized dogs. The subsequent magnitude of the increase in PmCO2 was 24, 88, 171, and 222 mm Hg at 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after occlusion. The rate of rise of PmCO2 was essentially linear from 1 minute to 10 minutes at a rate of 18.3 mm Hg/min. The rate of rise was slower during the first 30 seconds after occlusion (6.1 mm Hg/min) and also from 30 seconds to 1 minute (9.7 mm Hg/min). This rate of rise is much greater than that previously observed and reflects the severe myocardial acidosis developing during ischemia. A rise in PmCO2 is one of the earliest metabolic changes that has been observed during myocardial ischemia.
Abdominal pregnancy and lithopaedion
Authors: P. Noble
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Irving Loudon (May 2003 JRSM1) is quite right to accept the plausibility of the French Renaissance writer Boaistau's account of a ‘five-year pregnancy’. Two Renaissance physicians, d'Ailleboust and de Provancheres,2 describe an even more remarkable case. In 1582 in the French town of Sens, a necropsy was performed on a Madame Chatri who died at the age of 68. She had become pregnant for the first and only time 28 years previously. A normal pregnancy, prolonged labour and breaking of her waters ensued without the delivery of a child. Her abdomen remained swollen, hard and painful throughout her life. At necropsy her abdomen contained a perfectly formed and calcified ‘newborn’ female child. An earlier JRSM article by Bondeson3 recounts the story in some detail, provides copies of contemporary illustrations and traces the subsequent history of the ‘stone baby’. Eminent figures who examined the baby and made drawings included Ambroise Pare4 and Thomas Bartholin.5 The stone baby became famous and was exhibited in various centres before disappearing from the museum of the king of Denmark during the nineteenth century.

The condition in which a fetus, probably extrauterine, remains in the abdominal cavity and becomes calcified is known as ‘lithopaedion’. A Medline search of lithopaedion/lithopedion yields 56 articles which, taken together, provide information on over 300 cases. The condition is compatible with a long life expectancy and there are several instances of the mother carrying the calcified fetus for over 50 years. Recent cases are from countries deficient in obstetric and surgical care; probably many cases go unreported. For instance, the last to come to my attention was by way of a report last year in the French newspaper, Le Figaro: Professor Ouazzani of Rabat, Morocco, successfully removed a calcified fetus weighing four kilos from the abdomen of a woman 46 years after her last pregnancy.6
TCT-273 Serial Evaluation Of Peri-strut Low Intensity Area On Optical Coherence Tomography After Drug-eluting Stents Implantation
Authors: Eui Im, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Jung-Sun Kim, Dong-Ho Shin, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Arachidonic acid disrupts calcium dynamics in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: P. Hoffmann, D. Richards, I. Heinroth-Hoffmann, P. Mathias, H. Wey, M. Toraason
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged arachidonic acid (AA) exposure on electrically induced fluctuations of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cardiac myocytes and to identify intracellular biochemical events that may play a role in the actions of AA on [Ca2+]i dynamics.Electrically induced [Ca2+]i transients were investigated in cultured single neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using spectrofluorometric analysis of fura-2-[Ca2+]i binding. KCl-induced depolarization, caffeine and ryanodine were used to assess the effects of AA on Ca2+ handling by the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Prostanoid formation was measured with an ELISA technique. alpha-Tocopherol was used to determine if free radical formation was a factor in the AA effects on [Ca2+]i.Exposure to 10-30 microM AA produced a concentration-dependent and reversible configuration change and eventually a cessation of [Ca2+]i transients. Continued exposure resulted in a Ca2+ overload (tonic [Ca2+]i greater than peak systolic [Ca2+]i). AA did not influence KCl-induced [Ca2+]i increase but did eliminate caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transients. AA exposure stimulated the formation of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha in a concentration-dependent manner, but thromboxane B2 formation was not influenced. alpha-Tocopherol pretreatment significantly delayed times till cessation of [Ca2+]i transients and Ca2+ overload, whereas ryanodine and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors were without effect.The present data provide evidence that the initial action of AA on [Ca2+]i transients during excitation-contraction coupling involves an effect of AA on sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling. AA-induced cessation of electrically induced [Ca2+]i transients and Ca2+ overload may involve the formation of free radicals.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in hepatic stellate cells blocks the progression of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Gakuhei Son, Ian N. Hines, Jeff Lindquist, Laura W. Schrum, Richard A. Rippe
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the primary cell type in the liver responsible for excess collagen deposition during fibrosis. Following a fibrogenic stimulus the cell changes from a quiescent vitamin A-storing cell to an activated cell type associated with increased extracellular matrix synthesis and increased cell proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been shown to regulate several aspects of HSC activation in vitro, including collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Using a targeted approach to inhibit PI3K signaling specifically in HSCs, we investigated the role of PI3K in HSCs using a rodent model of hepatic fibrosis. An adenovirus expressing a dominant negative form of PI3K under control of the smooth muscle alpha-actin (alphaSMA) promoter was generated (Ad-SMAdnPI3K). Transducing HSCs with Ad-SMAdnPI3K resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, collagen expression, and several additional profibrogenic genes, while also promoting cell death. Inhibition of PI3K signaling was also associated with reduced activation of Akt, p70 S6 kinase, and extracellular regulated kinase signaling as well as reduced cyclin D1 expression. Administering Ad-SMAdnPI3K to mice following bile duct ligation resulted in reduced HSC activation and decreased extracellular matrix deposition, including collagen expression. A reduction in profibrogenic mediators, including transforming growth factor beta, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and connective tissue growth factor was also noted. However, liver damage, assessed by alanine aminotransferase levels, was not reduced.Inhibition of PI3K signaling in HSCs during active fibrogenesis inhibits extracellular matrix deposition, including synthesis of type I collagen, and reduces expression of profibrogenic factors. These data suggest that targeting PI3K signaling in HSCs may represent an effective therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
Endoscopic assessment of oesophageal disease
Authors: M P Holden
Journal: BMJ (1980)

adults.Although vaccination of babies would be expected to increase the proportion of cases of mumps occurring in adults the absolute numbers would certainly fall if a high acceptance rate of vaccination were achieved.The need for a booster in late childhood, particularly in boys, could be met at high school at the same time as girls are given rubella immunisation.The disparity between the UK and the USA in attitudes to immunisation is curious and disturbing.
The Relation between Phrenology and Insanity
Authors: H. A. BUTTOLPH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1849)

Phrenology and insanity.127 doses of four or five grains daily, learn that the contiriued daily use of five or ten times as much are essential to obtaining its peculiar effects, and he will suspect that in our classes of disorders, medical agents must be given with a bold hand, as they are, and should be under a vigilant eye.The administration of diffusible stimuli in the affection which has occupied the preceding pages, must be thus governed.At the next meeting of our association, I trust that the experience of so many of us, in such wide fields of observation, may enable the many deficiencies, incident tc this topic, to be more or less accurately filled.
Balloon Dilatation of Anastomotic Intestinal Stenoses: Long-Term Results
Authors: D. Fregonese, G. Di Falco, F. Di Toma
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Since 1983 we have treated 59 consecutive patients with anastomotic intestinal strictures. In 43 cases the stenosis was located in the esophagus, and in 16 cases in the colon. The balloon catheter was positioned under fluoroscopic and endoscopic control. The number of dilatations required by each patient ranged from one to five, with 47% of our patients receiving only one session, and 23% two sessions. We had no initial treatment failures. We observed stricture relapse in 10.1% of our cases, occurring within two to five months. In these patients repeat dilatation was 100% successful. We had no significant complications. All the patients with esophageal stricture were able to eat solid food after dilatation. Long-term results and relapse-free intervals have been assessed on a clinical basis with a mean follow-up of 26.5 months. Balloon dilatation would seem a safe and reliable method of treating anastomotic strictures, with special emphasis on stenosis with a small diameter, and tortuosity of the gut.
Imaging of the Newborn, Infant, and Young Child
Authors: Jeremiah Kelleher
Journal: JAMA (1990)

It is always with great anticipation that one begins to review one of Leonard Swischuk's many publications. In this particular instance I had the added interest of having reviewed the previous, 1980, edition of this book, then titled<i>Radiology of the Newborn and Young Infant</i>. The change in title refleets much of what has changed in the practice of imaging diseases in the younger child. This book is presented in this textbook's traditional format divided into system-related chapters, eight in all. Within these chapters the material is presented in specific disease-related sections. Each of these sections ends with appropriate references. This juxtaposing of text and bibliography is an excellent method of integrating both items of information, but it does lead at times to the illustrations' lagging behind the text and gives rise to much turning of pages to find the appropriate figure. Some chapters stand out as being particularly good.
Graduate Medical Education Confronted
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Writing from the perspective of an advocate of family practice, I would like to question some points in the otherwise excellent commentary by Dr Perkoff,<sup>1</sup>beginning with his statement that "family practice provides less in-hospital training than needed either for the practice activities of most modern family practitioners or for the best care of seriously ill hospitalized patients." To support the first portion of this assertion, he cites an extensive mail survey of the work done by a sample of physicians in various specialties. Family physicians were reported to spend about one fourth of their working hours with hospital patients; present national standards require that family practice residents spend substantially more than half of their training time with inpatients. Some educators think this is insufficient, but supporting evidence is meager and subject to varying interpretations. Evaluation is further complicated by the fact that family physicians practice
RUNX1 regulates corepressor interactions of PU.1
Authors: Zhenbo Hu, Xiaorong Gu, Kristine Baraoidan, Vinzon Ibanez, Arun Sharma, ShriHari Kadkol, Reinhold Munker, Steven Ackerman, Giuseppina Nucifora, Yogen Saunthararajah
Journal: Blood (2011)
Observations on the Circulation of Domestic Cattle
Authors: JOSEPH T. DOYLE, JOHN L. PATTERSON, JAMES V. WARREN, DAVID K. DETWEILER
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Comparative physiology has much to contribute to our understanding of the circulation. For this purpose large animals until recently have been neglected as subjects of circulatory studies by modern technics, yet nature's means of solving the circulatory problems which these animals present are of great interest and, in case of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), of obvious practical importance. Intravascular and intracardiac pressures were recorded, and cardiac output and related functions were measured, or calculated, and related to body size. The effects of environmental stimuli and of phonation ("moo") were observed. Interesting differences between the findings in the cow and those in normal man and in the giraffe are made the subject of comment.
GMC issues guidance for expert witnesses
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The General Medical Council has given doctors guidance on their duties when acting as expert witnesses in an attempt to allay fears that the role is a minefield in which a misstep could land them in trouble with regulators.

The GMC points out that doctors who give evidence in court are bound by the principles of good practice laid down in its core guidance Good Medical Practice . The latest guidance, Acting as an Expert Witne ss, expands on those principles and clarifies their application to a doctor …
Buserelin nasal spray expires five weeks after bottle opened
Authors: D. B Cowan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Recently we treated a 42 year old man with bowel obstruction at multiple sites due to advanced colonic carcinoma.A course of high dose steroids given eight months previously for radiotherapy induced emesis had resulted in a rapid evolution of a hypomanic state with complete insomnia.While treating him with steroids for his obstruction4 we infused 12mg of dexamethasone during the day and substituted a low dose of midazolam infusion at night.On this regimen his insomnia or hypomania did not recur and his bowel obstruction resolved on day 12.When he was converted to oral medication, diazepam 10mg was substituted for midazolam at night and he continued to sleep well.Sleep disturbance is not one of the best known side effects of steroids, but insomnia has medical and social sequelae that require recognition and action.Appropriate prescribing even in the most difficult cases may allow the patient enormous benefit from steroids and a good night's sleep.