tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological Disorders of the Nervous System
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The proceedings of the 1969 meeting of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease review neural disorders associated with altered immune mechanisms. Interesting presentations include neurological and immunological summaries of lupus erythematosus, congenital rubella, ataxia telangectasia, post-infectious polyneuritis, complications of rabies immunization, and neurological symptoms occurring in immunosuppressed transplant patients. We are close to an exact biochemical description of the myelin proteins which initiate the immune reaction in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but the relationship of this model disease to multiple sclerosis remains obscure. The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis is complex and confusing; we still do not know if the humoral and cellular antimyelin factors which occur in this disorder precede (and produce?) or follow myelin breakdown. The volume closes with a review of four related conditions: Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru in man and scrapie and mink encephalopathy in animals. Each of these disorders is characterized clinically by progressive
Relationship between Dideoxyinosine Exposure, CD4 Counts, and p24 Antigen Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: George L. Drusano, Geoffrey J. Yuen, John S. Lambert, Mindell Seidlin, Raphael Dolin, Fred T. Valentine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the relation between exposure to dideoxyinosine (ddl) and increased CD4 cell counts and suppression of serum p24 antigen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Open-label, phase I study. Setting: Two university hospitals. Patients were studied in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Patients: Of 36 HIV-infected patients enrolled, 18 had adequate pharmacokinetic information for analysis. Intervention: Dideoxyinosine was administered intravenously every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Patients were switched to oral administration at twice the intravenous dose. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained twice during each period. A 40-fold range of dose was examined. Measurements: CD4-positive T-lymphocyte counts and serum p24 antigen levels were determined. Plasma area under the ddl concentration-time curve was determined for a single dose and at steady state. Results: Increases in CD4-positive T-lymphocyte counts were independent of ddl exposure and were proportional to the starting CD4 count. Suppression of circulating p24 antigen was influenced by cumulative exposure to ddl and was statistically significant. Conclusions: The CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count increased at low ddl concentrations or exposures; the extent of this increase was directly proportional to the patient's CD4 count at the start of therapy. Suppression of p24 antigen was related to cumulative exposure to ddl. Therapeutic responses can probably be obtained with ddl, while minimizing long-term toxicity, using daily doses of 10 mg/kg body weight, or less.
National Institutes of Health: North and South?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AS DIRECTOR of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the Washington, DC, suburb of Bethesda, Md, Bernadine Healy, MD, is undertaking initiatives ranging from examination of women's roles in biomedical research and evaluating procedures dealing with scientific integrity to developing a strategic plan for the institutes. And now a new NIH campus may be a possibility. Her latest step is to hold "town meetings" with intramural researchers, inviting their complaints. In the first of these, scientists gave Healy an earful of their concerns, ranging from parking and working space to government purchasing and travel procedures. Responding to these concerns, Healy says that the NIH's $9 billion budget gets congressional attention. "Once you break the billion dollar barrier there is scrutiny of every penny you spend," she says. Similarly, travel, especially foreign travel, is "a lightning rod," always subject to close scrutiny, Healy says, "and it's never going to be
Nedd4 augments the adaptive immune response by promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Cbl-b in activated T cells
Authors: Baoli Yang, Denise L Gay, Megan K L MacLeod, Xiao Cao, Tamara Hala, Eileen M Sweezer, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack, Paula M Oliver
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
A Decade of Progress in Psychiatry
Authors: Stuart C. Knox
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Health Care Commission
Authors: James W. Haviland
Journal: JAMA (1964)

By directly seeking civic opinion concerning local health care needs, a county medical society developed an effective working relationship with many community groups. Citizens gained new understanding of medicine's wide interest in healthrelated projects. Physicians learned to work effectively with lay groups. Small group discussions developed a new approach for providing medical care to a significant segment of citizens past 65 and catalyzed a fresh look by labor at the increase in hospital costs. Approximately one third of the society's members became engaged actively in these activities. This program brought medicine off the defensive. Its effectiveness was enhanced by divorcing it completely from political activities.
End "perverse" payment system that penalises emergency departments, says college
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Two bodies that represent the interests of patients who need emergency care have called for an end to what they have called the “perverse” incentives that penalise hospital emergency departments that host “front end” primary care teams.

The College of Emergency Medicine and Urgent Health UK, the federation of social enterprises that provide unscheduled primary care, have said that the NHS tariff system is stifling innovation in this area. They said that the way the tariff was set for emergency care meant that emergency departments were a drain on hospital finances and that hospitals had to subsidise these …
Circulating anticoagulant to factor 8 associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B J Mason
Journal: BMJ (1969)

CommunicationsMEDIBCRAJOURNAL which are often used to illustrate this type of data, give disproportionately large values in subjects with a low initial F.E.V.1 and must be corrected to the normal distribution if used for analysis-for example, by a logit transformation (Oldham, 1968).A simple alternative method, which has been used here, is to consider only the actual changes in F.E.V.1.Neither method is entirely satisfactory, since they cannot allow for variation due to the interesting relation between the severity of the asthma and the degree of response obtainable from the use of bronchodilator aerosols (Hume and Gandevia, 1957; Hume and Rhys Jones, 1961).These results suggest that the aerosol administration of a naturally occurring substance, prostaglandin E, can cause a substantial reduction in airways obstruction in asthmatic sub- jects.It is probable that this action of PGE1 is not mediated through the stimulation of sympathetic a-receptors.The rela- tion of the prostaglandins to the function of respiratory smooth muscle obviously merits further investigation.I am indebted to Dr. D. Ri.M1axwell and Dr. M. A.
Hemiplegia as a Complication of Diphtheria
Authors: I. A. G. MacQueen
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAMEDIITI1TS 149 second twenty-four hours.Her condition, however, became worse, and reflex spasms began to occur six hours after admission (thirty hours after the onset af trismus).These were satisfac- torily controlled with rectal paraldehyde in doses of 4 drachms in normal saline, and this treatment was repeated when the reflex spasms tended to recur.In spite of the fact that the reflex spasms were comparatively easily controlled her condition steadily deteriorated, her pulse rate and temperature rose, and she died eighty hours after the onset of trismus.She never had a really severe reflex spasm, and death seemed to be due to cardiac failure.Post-mortem examination showed slight congestion of the brain, lungs, and other organs, but no changes were found to suggest that the cause of death was anything but uncomplicated tetanus.The scar of the old wound was explored but no pus was found.
Cervical myelopathy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: problems in investigation.
Authors: I D Griffiths, T P Fitzjohn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

This report describes a patient presenting with a spastic quadriplegia who was found to have both diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine. There was a dramatic worsening of his symptoms during a myelogram examination of the neck. It is suggested that computed tomographic imaging of the neck is the preferred investigative procedure if OPLL is suspected as a cause of cervical myelopathy.
Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: D. Jurkovic, H. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

The estimated prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is 1-2% worldwide. In the United Kingdom nearly 12 000 ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed each year, which gives a prevalence of 1.1%.1 Although death after ectopic pregnancy is rare, the burden of disease is high owing to the cost of diagnostic tests and expensive treatment.2 Serious adverse outcomes in ectopic pregnancies are typically caused by delayed diagnosis; this highlights the need for primary care and secondary care health professionals to be familiar with the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, its clinical symptoms, and the local facilities that provide care for women with early pregnancy problems. In recent years it has become more common to treat women with ectopic pregnancy conservatively in the outpatient setting.3 General practitioners increasingly advise women on different management options and support them during follow-up.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Embase and Medline for articles with titles that included the keywords “ectopic pregnancy” and “extrauterine pregnancy”. We limited the search to meta-analyses, reviews, and randomised controlled trials published in English in the past 10 years. We consulted a systematic review on ectopic pregnancy in the …
Estimating an Individual's True Cholesterol Level and Response to Intervention
Authors: Les Irwig
Journal: JAMA (1991)

An individual's blood cholesterol measurement may differ from the true level because of short-term biological and technical measurement variability. Using data on the within-individual and population variance of serum cholesterol, we addressed the following clinical concerns:<i>Given a cholesterol measurement, what is the individual's likely true level?</i>The confidence interval for the true level is wide and asymmetrical around extreme measurements because of regression to the mean. Of particular concern is the misclassification of people with a screening measurement below 5.2 mmol/L who may be advised that their cholesterol level is "desirable" when their true level warrants further action.<i>To what extent does blood cholesterol change in response to an intervention?</i>In general, confidence intervals are too wide to allow decision making and patient feedback about an individual's cholesterol response to a dietary intervention, even with multiple measurements. If no change is observed in an individual's cholesterol value based on three measurements before and three after dietary intervention, the 80% confidence interval ranges from a true increase of 4% to a true decrease of 9%. (JAMA. 1991;266:1678-1685)
Systematic application of multiplex PCR enhances the detection of bacteria, parasites, and viruses in stool samples
Authors: Gary N. McAuliffe, Trevor P. Anderson, Mary Stevens, Jacqui Adams, Robyn Coleman, Patalee Mahagamasekera, Sheryl Young, Tom Henderson, Maria Hofmann, Lance C. Jennings, David R. Murdoch
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
URTICARIA OF SEVENTEEN YEARS' DURATION: REPORT OF CASE TREATED SUCCESSFULLY
Authors: John L. Emmett
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Urticaria is often one of the most discouraging problems the physician is called on to treat. Although definitely associated with the great allergic triad hay fever, eczema and urticaria, it often defies all attempts to identify the sensitizing factor. Such diagnoses as physical allergy and allergy produced by products of metabolism are often resorted to. The case here presented is one that had defeated all attempts to identify the exciting cause and had finally been considered a case of physical allergy with a large nervous element. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white woman, aged 30, single, entered the Mayo Clinic, Aug. 29, 1932, complaining of a heat rash that had been present since puberty. The rash was brought on by any exertion and also by wind and cold weather. The disability became so great that the patient had been forced to abstain from activities enjoyed by normal girls; she could not
Preclinical deposition of pathological prion protein PrPSc in muscles of hamsters orally exposed to scrapie
Authors: Achim Thomzig, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Christine Kratzel, Jessica Mai, Michael Beekes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Recently, pathological prion protein PrPSc, the putative key constituent of infectious agents causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), was found in muscles of rodents experimentally infected with scrapie and in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). For the assessment of risk scenarios originating from these findings (e.g., alimentary transmission of pathogens associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE] and chronic wasting disease [CWD] via tainted beef and game or iatrogenic dissemination of CJD agent through contaminated surgical instruments) more detailed information about the time course of PrPSc accumulation in muscles at preclinical and clinical stages of incubation is needed. Here we show that PrPSc in muscles of hamsters fed with scrapie can be detected prior to the onset of clinical symptoms, but that the bulk of PrPSc was deposited late in clinical disease. Additionally, regarding the question of how muscles become invaded, we report on the intramuscular location of PrPSc and substantial indications for centrifugal spread of infection from spinal motor neurons to myofibers. Our findings in a well-established animal model for TSEs contribute to a better assessment of the risks for public health emanating from “Prions in skeletal muscle” and provide new insights into the pathophysiological spread of TSE agents through the body.
Fish-hook in Ano
Authors: R. G. Wigoder
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Oncogenes promote the development of and serve as therapeutic targets against subsets of cancers. Here, a new statistical approach that captures transcriptional heterogeneity in tumor and adjacent normal (i.e. tumor-free) mRNA expression profiles was developed to identify oncogene candidates that were overexpressed in a subset of breast tumors. Intronic DNA methylation was strongly associated with the overexpression of chromobox 2 (<i>CBX2</i>), an oncogene candidate that was identified using our method but not through prior analytical approaches. <i>CBX2</i> overexpression in breast tumors was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and is associated with poorer 5-year survival. The predicted function of <i>CBX2</i> was confirmed <i>in vitro</i> providing the first experimental evidence that <i>CBX2</i> promotes breast cancer cell growth. Modeling mRNA expression heterogeneity in tumors is a novel powerful approach with the potential to uncover therapeutic targets that benefit subsets of cancer patients.
HEALTH ASPECTS OF FUEL OIL RATIONING
Authors: Joel Dean
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Enemy action and the greatly increased burden of the war effort have so seriously curtailed the transportation of petroleum products that households this winter can be heated only by limited supplies of fuel oil; consequently the problem of maintaining health in temperatures lower than usual is not only difficult but must be solved to prevent illness. Before the war the East Coast received about 95 per cent of its oil by means of tankers. So many of these tankers have gone down that an extremely serious dislocation in our petroleum distribution system has come about. In view of the resultant urgent necessity to share limited supplies fairly, the Fuel Rationing Division of the Office of Price Administration has drawn up a plan for the rationing of fuel oil in thirty states designated by the War Production Board. The fullest patriotic cooperation of your profession will be necessary
Diseases of the Gastroesophageal Mucosa. The Acid-Related Disorders: Edited by J W Freston. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2001, $99.50, pp 200. ISBN 0 986 03965
Authors: M Lancaster-Smith
Journal: Gut (2002)

This appears to be the first volume of a planned series entitled Clinical Gastroenterology , intended mainly for clinically orientated gastroenterologists aiming to keep their noses ahead of the field without going into full training. The editor is James Freston and those who have been involved with him in workshops and symposia will not be surprised by the precision and clarity he has drawn from his authors. This is an important feature because despite being a relatively small volume of approximately 70 000 words, it manages to comprehensively cover all aspects of peptic ulcer …
Coronary-Prone Individuals (Type A Behavior Pattern)
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Studies of the plasma triglyceride, free fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, and thyroxine values of relatively "coronary-prone" (behavior type A) and relatively coronary "resistant" (behavior type B) subjects were performed. The group of coronary-prone subjects not only exhibited abnormally high plasma triglyceride (both before and after fat feeding) and cholesterol values but also a hyperinsulinemic response to a glucose challenge. There was also suggestive evidence of a decreased content of growth hormone in the plasma of the same coronary-prone subjects. Plasma levels of free fatty acids, uric acid, glucose, cortisol, and thyroxine, however, were not elevated in these same subjects.
323 PRECLINICAL PHARMACOKINETIC AND SAFETY PROFILE OF IDX375, A NOVEL AND POTENT NON-NUCLEOSIDE HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR
Authors: S.S. Good, C. Bu, M. Camire, B. Hernandez-Santiago, M. Larsson, H. Rashidzadeh, X.-R. Pan-Zhou, S. Luo, J. Selden, C.B. Dousson, D. Surleraux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
P3-16-01: Safety Profile and Clinical Activity of Single-Agent BKM120, a Pan-Class I PI3K Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Breast Carcinoma.
Authors: J Rodon, JC Bendell, Razak AR Abdul, N Homji, L Trandafir, C Quadt, B Graña-Suárez, LL Siu, E Di Tomaso, D Demanse, C Massacesi, S Hirawat, III HA Burris, J Baselga
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is critical to cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism. BKM120 is an oral pan-class I (α, β, γ, δ) PI3K inhibitor that has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo tumor cell growth inhibition in a range of cancer types including breast cancer. Materials and methods: The Phase I study CBKM120X2101 investigating single-agent daily BKM120 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors has been recently completed with the maximum tolerated dose established at 100 mg/day. Here, we report the analysis of metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) pts enrolled in this study. Results: Overall, 83 pts have enrolled, 21 of whom have MBC. At the cut-off date of 25th February 2011, 20 MBC pts were evaluable: 1 pt at 80 mg, 1 pt at 150 mg and 18 pts at 100 mg. Patient characteristics were as follows: median age 55 years (range 37–71); performance status ECOG 0/1/2 for 7/12/1 pts, respectively; visceral disease was reported in 16 pts, including liver, 10 pts (50%); lung, 9 pts (45%); and pleura, 5 pts (25%); all pts had &amp;gt;3 lines of systemic therapy (3-12). The median time from last treatment and study entry was 46 days (29-235). The median duration of BKM120 treatment administered was 7.5 weeks (1.0−96.4). The most frequent grade 3 drug-related adverse events (AEs) were: transaminases increase, 4 pts; psychiatric disorders, 3 pts, consisting of anxiety, affective disorder, and mood alteration (1 pt each); diarrhea, 2 pts; fatigue, 2 pts; and hyperglycemia, 1 pt. The only grade 4 drug-related AE was hyperglycemia, reported in 1 pt at 150 mg. Most AEs were manageable with treatment interruption and dose reductions. Eighteen pts were evaluable for objective tumor response by RECIST. Two pts (11%) exhibited partial responses, which were confirmed in a triple-negative MBC pt, and unconfirmed in an ER+ HER2− MBC pt. For these 2 pts, the treatment duration was 29+ (ongoing) and 6 months, respectively. An additional 9 pts (50%) had stable disease, lasting &amp;gt;4 months in 7 pts (35%). Conclusions: This preliminary analysis showed that BKM120 has single-agent activity in heavily pretreated pts with MBC, and an acceptable safety profile. Molecular profiling and updated pharmacokinetic results will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-16-01.