tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects and mechanisms of berberine in diabetes treatment
Authors: Jun Yin, Jianping Ye, Weiping Jia
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Berberine from Rhizoma Coptidis is an oral hypoglycemic agent with anti-dyslipidemia and anti-obesity activities. Its metabolic activity of regulating blood glucose and lipids has been widely studied and evidenced in patients and various animal models. Berberine is known as an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Its insulin-independent hypoglycemic effect is related to inhibition of mitochondrial function, stimulation of glycolysis and activation of AMPK pathway. Additionally, berberine may also act as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. In the newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, berberine is able to lower blood insulin level via enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, in patients with poor β-cell function, berberine may improve insulin secretion via resuscitating exhausted islets. Furthermore, berberine may have extra beneficial effects on diabetic cardiovascular complications due to its cholesterol-lowering, anti-arrhythmias and nitric oxide (NO) inducing properties. The antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of berberine may be useful in alleviating diabetic nephropathy. Although evidence from animal and human studies consistently supports the therapeutic activities of berberine, large-scale multicenter trials are still necessary to evaluate the efficacy of berberine on diabetes and its related complications.
RETROVERSION OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Retro-displacement of the uterus is one of the most important conditions which the gynecologist and the family physician are called upon to remedy in the treatment of female complaints. It is important because the condition frequently exists, because it produces a long train of symptoms which frequently end in invalidism, and because it is frequently ignored if discovered at all by physicians whose experience ought to teach them better. Because the uterus is a movable organ, because it is behind the bladder which must fill and empty, and in front of the rectum which must distend and contract, because it is subject to the intra-abdominal pressure with every inspiration and expiration of the woman; because it is fixed with elastic and muscular supports which protect it from sudden jars; because of all of this it does not prove that there can be no normal position of the uterus and hence
Cyclic Flow variations after coronary angioplasty in humans: Clinical and angiographic characteristics and elimination with 7E3 monoclonal antiplatelet antibody
Authors: H.Vernon Anderson, Richard L. Kirkeeide, Ashok Krishnaswami, Lynette A. Weigelt, Madaiah Revana, Harlan F. Weisman, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Dutch doctors choose sedation rather than euthanasia
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dutch doctors are sedating many terminally ill patients until death, in some cases without artificial feeding or hydration. Researchers estimate that terminal sedation occurred in about 10% of the total 14 000 deaths in 2001 ( Annals of Internal Medicine 2004;141:178-85).

As sedation is considered normal medical treatment, doctors are not legally obliged to report their actions as they must in euthanasia. But terminal sedation is now seen as an alternative to euthanasia for many patients.

In most cases, the doctors' first aim was to alleviate symptoms, but in 17% of cases was an explicit intention to hasten …
Expiratory Washout versus Optimization of Mechanical Ventilation during Permissive Hypercapnia in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: JACK RICHECOEUR, QIN LU, SILVIA R. R. VIEIRA, LOUIS PUYBASSET, PIERRE KALFON, PIERRE CORIAT, JEAN-JACQUES ROUBY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The aim of this study was to compare three ventilatory techniques for reducing PaCO2 in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with permissive hypercapnia: (1) expiratory washout alone at a flow of 15 L/min, (2) optimized mechanical ventilation defined as an increase in the respiratory frequency to the maximal rate possible without development of intrinsic positive end- expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with a reduction of the instrumental dead space, and (3) the combination of both methods. Tidal volume was set according to the pressure-volume curve in order to obtain an inspiratory plateau airway pressure equal to the upper inflection point minus 2 cm H2O after setting the PEEP at 2 cm H2O above the lower inflection point and was kept constant throughout the study. The three modalities were compared at the same inspiratory plateau airway pressure through an adjustment of the extrinsic PEEP. During conventional mechanical ventilation using a respiratory frequency of 18 breaths/min, respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 = 84 ± 24 mm Hg and pH = 7.21 ± 0.12) was observed. Expiratory washout and optimized mechanical ventilation (respiratory frequency of 30 ± 4 breaths/min) had similar effects on CO2 elimination ( Δ PaCO2 = − 28 ± 11% versus − 27 ± 12%). A further decrease in PaCO2 was observed when both methods were combined ( Δ PaCO2 = − 46 ± 7%). Extrinsic PEEP had to be reduced by 5.3 ± 2.1 cm H2O during expiratory washout and by 7.3 ± 1.3 cm H2O during the combination of the two modes, whereas it remained unchanged during optimized mechanical ventilation alone. In conclusion, increasing respiratory rate and reducing instrumental dead space during conventional mechanical ventilation is as efficient as expiratory washout to reduce PaCO2 in patients with severe ARDS and permissive hypercapnia. When used in combination, both techniques have additive effects and result in PaCO2 levels close to normal values.
Procedural outcome of angioplasty for total coronary artery occlussion: An analysis of 971 lesions in 905 patients
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Barry D. Rutherford, David R. McConahay, Warren L. Johnson, Lee V. Giorgi, Robert W. Ligon, Geoffrey O. Hartzler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Low Bone Density Is an Etiologic Factor for Stress Fractures in Athletes
Authors: Kathryn H. Myburgh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine whether low bone density and other risk factors for osteoporosis are associated with stress fractures in athletes. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Institutional sports injury clinic with primary and secondary care. Participants: Twenty-five athletes (nineteen women) with scintigraphically confirmed stress fractures matched for sex, age, weight, height, and exercise history with 25 control athletes with no history of bone injury. Measurements and Main Results: Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was significantly lower in athletes with fractures than in control athletes: In the spine, bone mineral density was 1.01 ± 0.14 g/cm2 in athletes with fractures and 1.11 ± 0.13 g/cm2 in control athletes (P = 0.02). In the femoral neck, it was 0.84 ± 0.09 g/cm2 in athletes with fractures and 0.90 ± 0.11 g/cm2 in control athletes (P = 0.005). It was also significantly lower in the Ward triangle (P = 0.01) and the greater trochanter (P = 0.01). Eight athletes with fractures and no control athletes had less than 90% of predicted age-related spine density (P = 0.01), and three athletes with fractures had bone mineral densities that were 2 SDs or more below this predicted level. More athletes with fractures than control athletes had current menstrual irregularity (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea) (P < 0.005). Fewer athletes with fractures were using oral contraceptives (P < 0.05). Seven-day diet records indicated similar energy and nutrient intakes, except athletes with fractures had lower calcium intakes (697 ± 242 mg/d compared with 832 ± 309 mg/d; P = 0.02). Dairy product intake was lower in athletes with fractures since leaving high school (P < 0.05). The incidence of a family history of osteoporosis was similar in both groups. Conclusions: In athletes with similar training habits, those with stress fractures are more likely to have lower bone density, lower dietary calcium intake, current menstrual irregularity, and lower oral contraceptive use.
Reconstituted Human Cardiac K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels
Authors: Andrey P. Babenko, Gabriela Gonzalez, Lydia Aguilar-Bryan, Joseph Bryan
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in striated myocytes are heteromultimers of KIR6.2, a weak potassium inward rectifier, plus SUR2A, a low-affinity sulfonylurea receptor. We have cloned human KIR6.2 (huKIR6.2) and a huSUR2A that corresponds to the major, full-length splice variant identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis of human cardiac poly A+ mRNA. ATP- and glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channels were produced when both subunits were coexpressed in COSm6 and Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking endogenous KATP channels, but not when huSUR2A or huKIR6.2 were transfected alone. Recombinant channels activated by metabolic inhibition in cell-attached configuration or in inside-out patches with ATP-free internal solution were compared with sarcolemmal KATP channels in human ventricular cells. The single-channel conductance of approximately 80 pS measured at -40 mV in quasi-symmetrical approximately 150 mmol/L K+ solutions, the intraburst kinetics that were dependent on K+ driving force, and the weak inward rectification were indistinguishable for both channels. Similar to the native channels, huSUR2A/huKIR6.2 recombinant channels were inhibited by ATP at quasi-physiological free Mg2+ ( approximately 0. 7 mmol/L) or in the absence of Mg2+, with an apparent IC50 of approximately 20 micromol/L and a pseudo-Hill coefficient of approximately 1. They were "refreshed" by MgATP and stimulated by ADP in the presence of Mg2+ when inhibited by ATP. The huSUR2A/huKIR6.2 channels were stimulated by cromakalim and pinacidil in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ but were insensitive to diazoxide. The results suggest that reconstituted huSUR2A/huKIR6.2 channels represent KATP channels in sarcolemma of human cardiomyocytes and are an adequate experimental model with which to examine structure-function relationships, molecular physiology, and pharmacology of these channels from human heart.
The Effect of Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 2 without Epiretinal Membrane Peeling on Full-thickness Macular Holes
Authors: Mary B. Lansing, Bert M. Glaser, Hillary Liss, Ann Hanham, John T. Thompson, Raymond N. Sjaarda, Alan J. Gordon
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)
Effect of angina pectoris on myocardial protection in patients with reperfused anterior wall myocardial infarction: Retrospective clinical evidence of “preconditioning”
Authors: Yusuke Nakagawa, Hiroshi Ito, Masafumi Kitakaze, Hideo Kusuoka, Masatsugu Hori, Tsunehiko Kuzuya, Yorihiko Higashino, Kenshi Fujii, Takazo Minamino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The quantification and significance of mast cells in lesions of Behcet's disease
Authors: C. LICHTIG, S. HAIM, I. HAMMEL, R. FRIEDMAN-BIRNBAUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article The quantification and significance of mast cells in lesions of Behçet's disease Get access C. LICHTIG, C. LICHTIG Departments of Pathology, Dermatology and Immunology, Rambam Medical Center, and The Haifa Medical School, Technion Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. HAIM, S. HAIM Departments of Pathology, Dermatology and Immunology, Rambam Medical Center, and The Haifa Medical School, Technion Haifa, Israel Dr S. Haim, Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. HAMMEL, I. HAMMEL Departments of Pathology, Dermatology and Immunology, Rambam Medical Center, and The Haifa Medical School, Technion Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. FRIEDMAN‐BIRNBAUM R. FRIEDMAN‐BIRNBAUM Departments of Pathology, Dermatology and Immunology, Rambam Medical Center, and The Haifa Medical School, Technion Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 3, 1 March 1980, Pages 255–259, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb08137.x Published: 01 March 1980
Cutaneous precancers in organ transplant recipients: an old enemy in a new surrounding
Authors: C. Ulrich, T. Schmook, I. Nindl, T. Meyer, W. Sterry, E. Stockfleth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Cutaneous precancers in organ transplant recipients: an old enemy in a new surrounding Get access C. Ulrich, C. Ulrich Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Schmook, T. Schmook Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Nindl, I. Nindl Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Meyer, T. Meyer Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Sterry, W. Sterry Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stockfleth E. Stockfleth Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraße 20–21, D‐10117, Berlin, Germany *IPM Hamburg, Lademannbogen 61, Hamburg, Germany Prof. Dr med. E. Stockfleth E‐mail: eggert.stockfleth@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue s66, 1 November 2003, Pages 40–42, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05633.x Published: 01 November 2003
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Induced by Testosterone Administration
Authors: Robert E. Sandblom, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Robert Blair Schoene, Kathryn A. Lee, Elizabeth C. Giblin, William J. Bremner, David J. Pierson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a recently described clinical disorder that results from repetitive episodes of upper-airway occlusion during sleep.1 Since the syndrome occurs much more frequently in males than females,2 it is reasonable to postulate that androgens may be important in its cause. We describe below a man in whom both the symptoms and laboratory features of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome developed on two separate occasions in association with the administration of exogenous testosterone. The symptoms and findings remitted each time that testosterone was discontinued. These observations suggest that testosterone has a causal role in the sleep . . .
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of paced linkage following heterotopic cardiac transplantation.
Authors: J Morris-Thurgood, R Cowell, V Paul, K Kalsi, A M Seymour, C Ilsley, A Mitchell, A Khaghani, M Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heterotopic cardiac transplantation is a valuable surgical technique that maximizes the use of donor organs. However, recipient heart function may decline steadily postoperatively with resulting clinical deterioration. Paced linkage has the potential of reducing afterload and enhancing coronary flow of both hearts, thereby improving recipient- and donor-heart function. This may have long-term as well as short-term benefits. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was performed on 11 heterotopic transplant recipients. The two hearts were linked with a pacemaker (paced linkage) to produce recipient heart systole during different periods of donor-heart diastole. The recipient ventricular contraction was timed to occur during early, mid, and late diastole of the donor heart. Hemodynamic baseline measurements were compared with the optimal counterpulsated data. Paced linkage produced significant improvements in total cardiac output, 5.0 +/- 0.9 compared with baseline 4.5 +/- 0.8 L/min (P = .021); recipient coronary sinus flow, 278 +/- 145 versus 186 +/- 108 mL/min (P = .022); and aortic systolic pressure, 135 +/- 27 versus 123 +/- 27 mm Hg (P = .005). There was an overall improvement in systolic ventricular performance in the recipient heart when pace linked, as evidenced by a significant increase in left ventricular systolic pressure of 118 +/- 36 compared with the baseline value of 108 +/- 33 mm Hg (P = .016), an increase in ejection period from 174 +/- 30 versus 203 +/- 48 (P = .046), and a decrease in the pre-ejection period of 147 +/- 37 when paced versus 181 +/- 39 milliseconds (P = .013). The metabolic studies showed a significant decrease in hypoxanthine release from a baseline level of 0.4 mumol/L to a paced value of -0.06 mumol/L (P = .002); these very low values would suggest that there is no evidence of ischemia. Hemodynamic changes in the donor heart included a significant reduction in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 6.8 +/- 4.4 versus baseline of 10.5 +/- 5.8 mm Hg (P = .029) and in maximum -dP/dT from 3.2 +/- 1.7 versus baseline of 2.1 +/- 1.1. CONCLUSIONS Paced linkage after heterotopic cardiac transplant produces significant functional improvements in both hearts. Permanent pacemaker implantation may sustain these acute benefits and prevent the premature deterioration of the recipient heart.
Respiratory carcinogenicity assessment of soluble nickel compounds.
Authors: Adriana R Oller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The many chemical forms of nickel differ in physicochemical properties and biological effects. Health assessments for each main category of nickel species are needed. The carcinogenicity assessment of water-soluble nickel compounds has proven particularly difficult. Epidemiologic evidence indicates an association between inhalation exposures to nickel refinery dust containing soluble nickel compounds and increased risk of respiratory cancers. However, the nature of this association is unclear because of limitations of the exposure data, inconsistent results across cohorts, and the presence of mixed exposures to water-insoluble nickel compounds and other confounders that are known or suspected carcinogens. Moreover, well-conducted animal inhalation studies, where exposures were solely to soluble nickel, failed to demonstrate a carcinogenic potential. Similar negative results were seen in animal oral studies. A model exists that relates respiratory carcinogenic potential to the bioavailability of nickel ion at nuclear sites within respiratory target cells. This model helps reconcile human, animal, and mechanistic data for soluble nickel compounds. For inhalation exposures, the predicted lack of bioavailability of nickel ion at target sites suggests that water-soluble nickel compounds, by themselves, will not be complete human carcinogens. However, if inhaled at concentrations high enough to induce chronic lung inflammation, these compounds may enhance carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure to other substances. Overall, the weight of evidence indicates that inhalation exposure to soluble nickel alone will not cause cancer; moreover, if exposures are kept below levels that cause chronic respiratory toxicity, any possible tumor-enhancing effects (particularly in smokers) would be avoided.
[365] RESCUE OF THE DIPHTHERIA TOXIN INDUCED LETHAL LIVER INJURY MODEL MICE BY CELL TRANSPLANTATION OF FETAL HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELLS
Authors: T. Machimoto, I. Ikai, K. Yasuchika, T. Ishii, N. Kamo, I. Komori, M. Saito, K. Kohno, S. Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Medical Education in Prepaid Group Practice
Authors: Samuel J. Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The health-care system faces a manpower crisis that is obviously beyond the simple need to educate a greater number of physicians. With the trend toward specialization, fewer and fewer young physicians are taking on the continuing medical care of people and their families as their career interest. Indeed, today's medical student who expresses such an interest is frequently discouraged by the faculty of his school. Much too often faculties tend to emphasize the production of clinical researchers, and professors, and overlook the challenge of preparing excellent practitioners of humane and compassionate medicine.  We contend that medical students should participate in health work in a defined population of families of all socioeconomic levels and in real-life situations over a long period of time. Today, whatever little exposure the medical student has with ambulatory patients usually takes place in the fragmented, discontinous, crisis-oriented ambience of the emergency room and the out-patient department.
Part 15: First Aid
Authors: Eunice M. Singletary, Nathan P. Charlton, Jonathan L. Epstein, Jeffrey D. Ferguson, Jan L. Jensen, Andrew I. MacPherson, Jeffrey L. Pellegrino, William “Will” R. Smith, Janel M. Swain, Luis F. Lojero-Wheatley, David A. Zideman
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Death of the Clinician: Requiem or Reveille?
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Until quite recently, Abraham Flexner had a most agreeable public image. He stood out as the great reformer of medical education who, almost single-handedly, eliminated the unfit medical schools and, through his famous<i>Report</i>of 1910, set medicine on its present-day "scientific" course. Fortunately, the past decade has seen this hagiolatry deflated and, through historical accuracy, the reevaluation of the whole story of educational reform and reassignment of credit. Flexner's role in reform was by no means negligible, but his dogmatism, prejudices, rigidity, and lust for power actually did as much harm as good. Lepore's book concentrates on one particular aspect: Flexner's insistence that clinical medicine should be taught by full-time salaried staff. The presentation has two major components. One we may call a historical account of the way that Flexner and the General Education Board tried to put through the full-time concept into academic medicine. Lepore uses specific case
Ischemic Ulcerations of Skin and Necrosis of Muscle in Azotemic Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: JAMES A. RICHARDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two women, 29 and 36 years old, with hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure had extensive medial calcification and fibrous intimal proliferation of the small arteries of subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle. Both patients had severe necrosis of the skin of buttocks and lower extremities, often originating in localized areas of livedo reticularis. As skin lesions developed the first patient's fingertips became gangrenous, and the second patient experienced severe proximal myopathy with myoglobinuria. In the second patient skin and muscle damage occurred 3 months after kidney transplantation in the presence of moderately severe renal insufficiency. Plasma calcium, high after transplantation, became transiently normal as skin and muscle lesions became apparent. Plasma parathyroid hormone level, measured by radioimmunoassay before transplantation, was extremely high but slowly diminished after transplantation. It was concluded that in both patients skin and muscle lesions were a direct consequence of ischemia due to intimal proliferation in small arteries and ultimately were complications of hyperparathyroidism.