tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-067 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Utility in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Bsg, Frax, Nogg or Nice?
Authors: S Ah-Moye, D Chan, J-Y Kang, R Pollok, P Neild, K Moss, A Poullis
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a 40% higher risk of osteoporotic fractures than the general population. In 2007 the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) produced Guidelines for Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Coeliac Disease. In 2008 the World Health Organization created the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool, to assess the risk of fracture in an individual aged 40 years or over. The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) was subsequently established to provide guidelines for the management of patient’s after assessment with FRAX. In August 2012 the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published their recommendations. This study aims to compare these guidelines in IBD patients and recommendations for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. <h3>Methods</h3> Over a four-month period, IBD patients attending the Gastroenterology Departments’ of St. George’s and Queen Mary’s Hospital were identified. Convenience sampling was used; all IBD patients encountered in these clinics were asked to participate. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire, gathering information required for the BSG, NOGG and NICE osteoporosis guidelines. The BSG and NICE guidance, were used in all patients. Additional assessment with NOGG guidance were used in patients 40 years and over. The recommendation for DXA scan or not were noted. <h3>Results</h3> 153 patients were included in the study. 73 were men and 80 were women. The mean age was 42 years with an age range of 17 to 82 years. The BSG guidelines were applicable to the entire patient group. 100 patients (65.3%) were recommended a DXA scan and 53 (34.6%) were not. The NICE guidelines were applicable to the whole patient group; with 37 (24.1%) recommended a DXA scan and 83 (54.2%) not. In patients over 40 years of age there was good concurrence between all guidelines recommending a DXA scan. The BSG guidance recommended 44 patients (63.7%), NOGG recommended 42 patients (60.8%) and NICE recommended 42 patients (60.8%). In the group less than 40 years of age, the BSG guidance recommended 56 patients (66.6%) and NICE recommended 28 (33.3%) to have a DXA scan. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There are a number of assessment tools available to assess the risk of osteoporosis in IBD patients and identify those who should have a DXA carried out. Our study has shown that in patients 40 years and over there is a reasonable concurrence between all of these assessments. For the age group less than 40 years there appeared to be less concordance. These assessment tools need to be compared further to DXA scan results, to establish the best assessment tool for IBD patients and when to commence osteoporosis treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Hepatitis C: Watch for the Many or Treat for the Few?-Reply
Authors: Michael F. Sorrell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rogers questions the desirability of treating patients with chronic hepatitis C in the absence of a predictably effective therapy for its eradication and lack of evidence that treatment will make any difference in the natural history of the disease. Although therapeutic skepticism is healthy, even commendable, the evidence that I presented would support the treatment of selected patients over an extended period with a reasonable expectation of viral eradication from the liver and resolution of the necroinflammatory process. What was emphasized in my discussion was that not all patients should be treated and if transaminase levels do not normalize within 8 to 12 weeks of starting interferon treatment, further treatment is futile. It does seem intuitively logical that if one can prevent cirrhosis, then patients will not die of cirrhosis. We now know that patients do not develop cirrhosis until they have had hepatitis C for 20 to 30
Mycotoxin Adducts on Human Serum Albumin: Biomarkers of Exposure to <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i>
Authors: Iwona Yike, Anne M. Distler, Assem G. Ziady, Dorr G. Dearborn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Despite the growing body of evidence showing adverse health effects from inhalation exposure to the trichothecene-producing mold Stachybotrys chartarum, controversy remains. Currently, there are no reliable assays suitable for clinical diagnosis of exposure. We hypothesized that satratoxin G (SG) -albumin adducts may serve as biomarkers of exposure to this fungus.We studied the formation of adducts of SG with serum albumin in vitro using Western blots and mass spectrometry (MS) and searched for similar adducts formed in vivo using human and animal serum.Samples of purified human serum albumin that had been incubated with increasing concentrations of SG showed concentration-dependent albumin bands in Western blots developed with anti-SG antibodies. MS analysis found that as many as 10 toxin molecules can be bound in vitro to one albumin molecule. The sequencing of albumin-adduct tryptic peptides and the analysis of pronase/aminopeptidase digests demonstrated that lysyl, cysteinyl, and histidyl residues are involved in the formation of these adducts. Serum samples from three patients with documented exposure to S. chartarum similarly revealed lysine-, cysteine-, and histidine-SG adducts after exhaustive digestion, affinity column enrichment, and MS analysis. These adducts were also found in the sera from rats exposed to the spores of S. chartarum in contrast to control human subjects and control animals.These data document the occurrence of SG-albumin adducts in both in vitro experiments and in vivo human and animal exposures to S. chartarum.SG-amino acid adducts may serve as reliable dosimeter biomarkers for detection of exposure to S. chartarum.
Clinical Experience With a Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine
Authors: Larry J. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Between January 1975 and December 1977 the Center for Disease Control treated 255 persons with the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine who did not have development of an antibody titer to duck embryo vaccine (DEV) or who were at risk for having a serious reaction to DEV. Two hundred eighteen persons were treated postexposure, and 37 persons were treated preexposure. The antibody response to the vaccine was excellent, and the reaction rates were low. No person treated has had development of rabies. This study corroborates other studies that suggest that the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccines are safe and induce excellent antibody titers to rabies. (<i>JAMA</i>244:781-784, 1980)
Did HIV and HTLV Originate in Africa?
Authors: Robert J. Gerety
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has been suggested that the worldwide epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) could have originated in Africa<sup>1,2</sup>and that HTLV-I was carried to the endemic region in southern Japan from Africa in the 16th century.<sup>2</sup>However, few serological studies of stored serum samples have been conducted to evaluate these suggestions. We conducted a study to determine whether antibodies to HIV-1 (anti-HIV-1) or HTLV-I (anti-HTLV-I) were present in Zambia before (in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979) and at the beginning (in 1981) of the recognized worldwide epidemics of these viruses. <h3>Study.—</h3> Three hundred forty-nine serum samples, stored at—20°C, were obtained from 226 apparently healthy villagers (from five rural villages located 500 km east of Lusaka; preinoculation samples in a hepatitis B vaccine trial in 1981)<sup>3,4</sup>and from 123 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who
Sex Difference in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: An Appraisal Based on the Status of Hepatitis B e Antigen and Antibody
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, Yun-Fan Liaw, I-Shyan Sheen, Deng-Yn Lin, Miau-Ju Huang
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) were studied by radioimmunoassay in consecutive series of 145 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, 389 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease and 194 patients with HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, and compared between male and female subjects. The male to female ratio increased from 1.2 in asymptomatic carriers to 6.3 in chronic liver disease and 9.8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Abnormal SGPT was much more frequently seen in male carriers than in females (p &lt; 0.01). Contrary to female patients with chronic liver disease, the positive rate for HBeAg in males is lower and tended to decrease with increasing age. It is postulated that male patients with chronic hepatis B virus infection might have higher HBeAg clearance ability that resulted in more frequent hepatitis B virus DNA integration and subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the ultimate mechanism regulating this difference awaits further study.
Temporal association of children's pesticide exposure and agricultural spraying: report of a longitudinal biological monitoring study.
Authors: Denise Koch, Chensheng Lu, Jennifer Fisker-Andersen, Lance Jolley, Richard A Fenske
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We measured organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposures of young children living in an agricultural community over an entire year and evaluated the impact of agricultural spraying on exposure. We also examined the roles of age, sex, parental occupation, and residential proximity to fields. We recruited 44 children (2-5 years old) through a Women, Infants, and Children clinic. We collected urine samples on a biweekly basis over a 21-month period. Each child provided at least 16 urine samples, and most provided 26. We analyzed samples for the dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites common to the OP pesticides. DAP concentrations were elevated in months when OP pesticides were sprayed in the region's orchards. The geometric means of dimethyl and diethyl DAPs during spray months were higher than those during nonspray months (p = 0.009 for dimethyl; p = 0.018 for diethyl). Dimethyl DAP geometric means were 0.1 and 0.07 micro mol/L for spray months and nonspray months, respectively (57% difference); diethyl DAP geometric means were 0.49 and 0.35, respectively (40% difference). We also observed differences for sex of the child, with male levels higher than female levels (p = 0.005 for dimethyl; p = 0.046 for diethyl). We observed no differences due to age, parental occupation, or residential proximity to fields. This study reports for the first time the temporal pattern of pesticide exposures over the course of a full year and indicates that pesticide spraying in an agricultural region can increase children's exposure in the absence of parental work contact with pesticides or residential proximity to pesticide-treated farmland.
Hyperglucagonemia in liver cirrhosis with portal-systemic venous anastomoses: Responses of plasma glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide to oral or intravenous glucose in cirrhotics with normal or elevated fasting plasma glucose levels
Authors: T.J. McDonald, J. Dupre, Y. Caussignac, J. Radziuk, S. Van Vliet
Journal: Metabolism (1979)
Abstract 1411: Regulation of osteoprotegerin expression in breast cancer cells by nuclear factor-kappaB
Authors: Michael Weichhaus, Linda Connelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Acquisition of osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression by breast epithelial cells appears to be linked to the formation of malignant breast neoplasia. Previous in vitro studies demonstrate that OPG expression by breast cancer cells increases resistance to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated apoptosis, suggesting a tumor promoting role for OPG. Recently we have observed reduced ability to metastasize in the chick embryo model by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells after reducing OPG expression using RNAi methods, further substantiating a tumor promoting role of OPG. In order to direct inhibitory strategies, we investigated the regulation of OPG expression in human breast cancer cell lines. Based on regulation of OPG in other cell types, we hypothesized that OPG expression is regulated by the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). OPG expression was examined in MDA-MB-231 (basal, triple negative), MCF-7 (luminal, ER-positive) and SK-BR-3 (HER-2 positive) breast cancer cells. We used real time RT-PCR and ELISA to confirm that all cell lines expressed OPG mRNA and protein, respectively. NF-kappaB activity was modulated using thymoquinone (TQ; 10 µM) and BMS345541 (1 µM; both inhibitors) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta; 10 ng/ml, both activators). Specificity for these modulators was determined by NF-kappaB promoter driven luciferase reporter assay. In MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibition of NF-kappaB lowered basal levels of OPG mRNA and protein expression, suggesting constitutive NF-kappaB activity plays a role in OPG expression. TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta treatment increased OPG mRNA and protein expression significantly above basal levels. Inhibition of NF-kappaB ameliorated TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta induced OPG expression to baseline. In MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, basal levels of OPG mRNA and protein expression were not reduced by the NF-kappaB inhibitors. TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta treatment increased OPG mRNA and protein expression significantly above baseline, however inhibition of NF-kappaB did not ameliorate the induction of OPG mRNA and protein expression. Our data suggests that the mechanisms regulating OPG expression in breast cancer cells may depend on breast cancer subtype. It appears in the basal cell line, MDA-MB-231, NF-kappaB's tumor promoting effects may be modulated in part by increasing OPG expression. The regulation of OPG expression in cells from other breast cancer subtypes requires further investigation. Citation Format: Michael Weichhaus, Linda Connelly. Regulation of osteoprotegerin expression in breast cancer cells by nuclear factor-kappaB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1411. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1411
Effects of Epinephrine and Calcium on the Electrogram of the Ouabainized Frog Heart
Authors: WALTER W. BAKER, JUDITH M. BAKER
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The effects of bound ouabain on the electrogram of the isolated frog heart are antagonized by epinephrine and potentiated by calcium. Ouabainized hearts also develop increased ventricular automatism (paroxysmal tachycardia, flutter and fibrillation) in the presence of large concentrations of calcium but not of epinephrine. The actions of both epinephrine and calcium are readily reversed by washing the tissue with normal Ringer's solution.
HIV infects glomerular endothelial and mesangial but not epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Dollie F. Green, Lionel Resnick, Jacques J. Bourgoignie
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

The infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in human glomerular cells was evaluated by exposing homogeneous cultures of human glomerular capillary endothelial, mesangial and epithelial cells to HIV in vitro. Infectivity and HIV expression was assessed by: 1) the measurement of p24 antigen production from culture supernatants; 2) the presence of p24 antigen intracellularly by immunofluorescence; 3) levels of P24 antigen production or syncytia formation following the cocultivation of glomerular cells exposed to HIV with normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or MT-2 lymphocytes; and 4) the presence of intracellular HIV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that HIV can infect and replicate in glomerular capillary endothelial cells and in a small percentage of mesangial cells, but not in human glomerular epithelial cells in vitro.
Difficult Orthopaedic Diagnosis
Authors: R. B. Duthie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

Recognizing that uncritical bibliographical surveys are useless, Cobb essays an interpretative review of epidemio- logical data on rheumatic complaints and the principal individual diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, Still's disease, and connective tissue disorders.Much valuable material is considered, and in a commendably brief presentation.However, it is regrettable that those leaders in the morbidity statistics, soft-tissue rheumatism and pain in the back, receive only
Current Concepts in Regional Pulmonary Function
Authors: E WEITZENBLUM, B MOYSES, G METHLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Since 1960, the date of the pioneer work of West et al, radioisotopic studies of regional pulmonary function have developed very rapidly. An important step in this field was achieved when the first perfusion imaging studies were performed in 1963-64 with l-131-labeled macroaggregates of serum albumin. Now, microspheres of human serum albumin labeled with Tc-99m are used and the quality of the scintigraphic image has improved markedly. Imaging was improved by the utilization of the large field scintillation cameras and the handling of results has considerably progressed by interfacing the camera to a computer. Since 1962, Xe-133 has been used for studying the regional distribution of ventilation (), perfusion (), and / ratio in the lungs. With Xe-133 the quality of scintigraphic images in not very high but the advantage of Xe-133 is that the data relating to regional ventilation and perfusion can be easily quantitated. Recently, another isotope, Kr-81m, has been employed; the high energy of this insoluble, very short half-life radioisotope provides excellent images of ventilation and perfusion; combining ventilation imaging with Kr-81m and perfusion imaging with Tc-99m labeled microspheres has proven very useful, particularly in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The major disadvantage of Kr-81m is that quantitation of the results is difficult. In this paper, the different methods available today for studying regional lung function are described. Special attention is paid to the possibility of quantitation of the results. The second part of the paper stresses clinical applications, including the diagnostic value and pathophysiological applications of ventilation and perfusion imaging in a variety of pulmonary (and cardiac) diseases, with special attention to cases of pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF NOVASUROL IN EDEMA DUE TO HEART FAILURE
Authors: J. Hamilton Crawford, J. F. McIntosh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1925)

Novarsurol is an organic compound containing mercury, which was introduced by the Bayer company as an antisyphilitic agent.Its therapeutic use in this disease was first described by Zeiler (1917).Its constitution is sodium oxymercuric-ortho-chlorphenol-oxylacetate with diethylmalonylurea and may be represented as follows (White, 1924):OCH2 COO Na CO-NH ci CS\1
Antithyroid antibodies as an early marker for thyroid disease induced by amiodarone.
Authors: E Monteiro, A Galvao-teles, M L Santos, L Mourao, M J Correia, J Lopo Tuna, C Ribeiro
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Changes in thyroid function may occur during treatment with amiodarone. A double blind prospective trial of amiodarone and placebo was performed in 37 patients in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction. Though none of the patients assigned to receive placebo developed any antibody, six of 13 patients treated with amiodarone developed antithyroid microsomal antibodies. There was no difference in triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations between the two groups, but a significant difference in concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone was noted on day 30 (p less than 0.05). Six months after the withdrawal of amiodarone autoantibodies could not be detected and concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone were normal. These antibodies have not previously been reported to develop during short term treatment with amiodarone. They could have an important role in the detection of early thyroid changes in patients given amiodarone.
Abstract 3413: Tumor-specific transcriptional control networks regulating DNA replication genes in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Oskar W. Smrzka, Christina Pöhler, Maximilian Kauer, Frank Westermann, Heinrich Kovar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Surveillance of DNA replication licensing is often perturbed in cancer cells allowing for genomic aberrations. Although this process contributes to cellular transformation, it is not well understood to what extent and how oncogenes might deregulate genes involved in DNA replication and in the control of replication licensing. Previous findings on the EWS-FLI1 fusion oncogene (which is the genetic hallmark Ewing's sarcoma), and our recent findings on MYC targets in this aggressive childhood tumor suggested that both these oncogenes constitute a regulatory feed-back loop. Our gene expression data from Ewing's cells in which MYC had been knocked down, we propose that MYC mediates at least part of the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 functions since it controls most essential biological functions required for cell proliferation. Gene expression correlation and gene set enrichment analysis in tumors and cell lines suggests the MYC/EWS-FLI1 loop as a central regulator in a regulatory network that controls DNA replication. To further narrow down the target gene repertoire and to identify direct transcriptional targets, we performed a genome wide chromatin-immunoprecipitation study using an anti MYC antibody in combindation with ChIP/CHIP analysis. We further extended our model whereby the core EWS-FLI1/MYC feedback loop could be linked to other candidate transcriptional regulators of DNA replication. Several replication licensing genes including MCM, ORC or licensing control genes such as CDT1 and CDC6 were found to be under direct and/or indirect control of the MYC/EWS-FLI1 loop and their associated transcription factor network. A subset of DNA replication genes is particularly deregulated in Ewing's cells when compared to mesenchymal progenitor cells that are considered the tissue of origin of Ewing's sarcoma. When comparing Ewing's sarcoma with other childhood tumors such as e.g. neuroblastoma, we found Ewing's-specific versus more general regulatory connections between the MYC/EWS-FLI1 loop and DNA replication genes. Together, our data provide first insight into a newly defined MYC/EWS-FLI1-driven regulatory network underlying transcriptional DNA replication control. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3413.