tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroid treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong
Authors: Loretta Yin-Chun Yam, Arthur Chun-Wing Lau, Florence Yuk-Lin Lai, Edwina Shung, Jane Chan, Vivian Wong
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)

The patterns of corticosteroids usage in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and associated treatment outcomes in Hong Kong were studied.Patients> or =18 years old who either had not received corticosteroid or had taken corticosteroids within 14 days from symptom onset were included. Patients receiving corticosteroids beyond 15 days or other investigational treatment within 21 days from symptom onset were excluded. Of 1313 eligible patients, 1287 with major corticosteroid dosage-type combinations were analysed.Crude death rate was lower among 1188 steroid-treated patients compared to 99 patients in Group No Steroid (17.0% vs. 28.3%). Among four corticosteroid groups studied, mortality was lowest in the low-dose oral prednisolone (Group P) and high-dose methylprednisolone (Group MP) groups. On multivariate analysis of the corticosteroid groups, independent factors related to death were: corticosteroid group, older age, co-morbidity, worse chest X-ray score, worse respiratory status at Days 8-10 and higher admission white cell count. Again Groups P and MP had significantly lower adjusted odds ratios for death and lower bacterial and fungal culture rates. Despite worse chest X-ray scores and higher cumulative corticosteroid dosages in Group MP compared to Group P, fewer patients required rescue pulsed corticosteroid. Patients on hydrocortisone (Group HC) had the highest positive culture rates.We speculate that corticosteroid with higher in-vitro inflammatory potency administered at timing and dosages commensurate with disease severity may be conducive to better outcome from SARS as a consequence of more effective control of immunopathological lung damage.
Britain needs a policy on diet and low income
Authors: G. Martell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Britain has an urgent need for a policy on diet and low income, says a report issued by the Low Income Project Team. The team, set up by the government's Nutrition Task Force, reports that diet related illness remains more common in low income households who do not have access to a wide range of foods. The stated aim of the project is “to increase the control that people living on low …
Adherence of Radiopharmaceuticals and Labeled Cells to Intravenous Tubing
Authors: GEORGE M. SEGALL, NORA GUREVICH, I ROSS McDOUGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A survey of 67 nuclear medicine departments revealed no agreement on which radiolabeled agents could be injected through intravenous lines (IVs) and which required direct venipuncture. Labeled cells and several common radiopharmaceuticals were tested for adherence to intravenous tubing. Residual activity remaining in the tubing after an adequate flush was less than 1% of the injected dose in each case. Administration of radiolabeled agents through existing IVs is an acceptable alternative to direct venipuncture in many cases.
PERINATAL OUTCOMES AFTER FETAL DIAGNOSIS OF EBSTEIN ANOMALY OR TRICUSPID VALVE DYSPLASIA IN THE CURRENT ERA: A MULTI-CENTER STUDY
Authors: Lindsay R. Freud, Maria C. Escobar-Diaz, Brian T. Kalish, Edgar Jaeggi, Michael Puchalski, Anita Szwast, Shaine Morris, Stephanie Levasseur, James Huhta, Ann Kavanaugh-McHugh, Anita Moon-Grady, Mary Donofrio, Erik Michelfelder, Jay Pruetz, Lisa Howley, Mary van der Velde, Bettina Cuneo, Margaret Vernon, Catherine Ikemba, John Kovalchin, Cyrus Samai, Gary Satou, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Colin Phoon, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Isolated Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Joel K. Kahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Infarction of the right ventricle can be detected in as many as 30% to 40% of patients with inferior myocardial infarction. Infarction involving only the right ventricle is unusual, and the diagnosis has rarely been made early in presentation. We report two patients with myocardial infarction isolated to the right ventricle. Both patients had prolonged chest pain and normal electrocardiograms. In the first patient, urgent cardiac catheterization showed an occluded, nondominant right coronary artery that was reperfused using emergency angioplasty. In the second patient, a subtotally occluded, nondominant right coronary artery caused postinfarction angina and was treated successfully with angioplasty. Patients with prolonged chest pain and nondiagnostic electrocardiograms should be assessed for this rarely reported syndrome.
Fee-for-Service Research
Authors: Stuart E. Lind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The introduction of a new medical treatment into clinical practice often necessitates spending a large amount of money on both basic and clinical research. Such research costs are usually borne by granting agencies or industry. It appears that efforts are under way to use a new source of funding for clinical research: the patient. Since these efforts will be directed not at the general public but at a specific patient suffering from a particular disease, they differ from the standard disease-oriented fund-raising campaigns.A close, mutually beneficial relationship between industry and medicine has been an important factor in the introduction . . .
974 [1-13C]-ACETATE BREATH TEST CLEARLY DISCRIMINATES FATTY LIVER DISEASES FROM CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: M. Sugimoto, Y. Urita, T. Watanabe, T. Maeda, Y. Sasaki, A. Nakayama, M. Nanami, T. Ishii, K. Hike, H. Kato, N. Hara, Y. Honda, S. Watanabe, K. Nakanishi, N. Shimada, K. Miki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Dane Particle
Authors: Burt R. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The section MEDICAL NEWS (226:1403, 1973) featured the work of Kaplan et al, published in the<i>Journal of Virology</i>(12:995, 1973) describing DNA polymerase activity associated with human hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag). This work indicated, although it by no means proved, that the 28-nm Dane particle core may contain the DNA polymerase activity. I was extremely dismayed that the news report did not give credit to Hirschman et al (<i>Lancet</i>1:1099,1971), who originally discovered DNA polymerase of hepatitis B antigen in 1971 (<i>Trans NY Acad Sci</i>33:595, 1971). Similar inhibitor studies cited as evidence for a DNA template by Kaplan et al had already been performed by Dr. Hirschman who concluded that such studies cannot definitely establish the nature of the nucleic acid template, whether DNA or RNA, for the polymerase.
Antirheumatic Activity of Ascorbic Acid in Large Doses
Authors: Benedict F. Massell, Joseph E. Warren, Paul R. Patterson, Harold J. Lehmus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE purpose of this paper is to present observations suggesting that ascorbic acid possesses antirheumatic activity when administered in large doses. Because of the small number of patients treated so far, the relatively short period of follow-up study and the well known variability of rheumatic fever even when it is uninfluenced by therapy, the present communication must be considered preliminary in the strictest sense of the word. Nevertheless, the apparent responses of a group of 7 patients treated within the past three months have been sufficiently impressive to warrant this report.ObservationsSince January 2, 1950, ascorbic acid∥ has been . . .
Amplification of Distant Estrogen Response Elements Deregulates Target Genes Associated with Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Pei-Yin Hsu, Hang-Kai Hsu, Xun Lan, Liran Juan, Pearlly S. Yan, Jadwiga Labanowska, Nyla Heerema, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yu-Chiao Chiu, Yidong Chen, Yunlong Liu, Lang Li, Rong Li, Ian M. Thompson, Kenneth P. Nephew, Zelton D. Sharp, Nameer B. Kirma, Victor X. Jin, Tim H.-M. Huang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
A Man With Alcoholism and HIV Infection
Authors: Steven E. Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Dr Delbanco:</h3> The patient is a 39-year-old single man who is unemployed, in large part because of chronic problems arising from alcoholism. He came to the primary care practice at Beth Israel Hospital in 1991 seeking care for newly diagnosed neurosyphilis and has been cared for by Dr U since then. He has recently acquired stable health insurance by applying for and receiving Supplemental Security Income. His doctors supported his application, feeling he was disabled by his use of alcohol. The patient grew up in Boston, Mass, in a family with a strong history of alcoholism and emotional abuse. His father left home when the patient was 2 years old. His mother drank heavily, and two of his brothers have problems with alcohol. In his early teens, the patient experimented with multiple drugs, including cocaine, speed, LSD, and "uppers and downers" of various sorts. He took heroin intravenously on rare
Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism With Etidronate Disodium
Authors: Angelo A. Licata, Edward O'Hanlon
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE DIPHOSPHONATES are synthetic inhibitors of skeletal resorption that have been used expermentally to treat hyperparathyroidism.<sup>1-3</sup>Much evidence has accumulated about the beneficial effect of the different forms of this class of drugs in normalizing the biochemical abnormalities of the disease, but there are few data about the clinical response of patients. This report describes an elderly woman with hyperparathyroidism who was treated with the commercially available form of the drug, etidronate disodium (Didronel). It shows the clinical and biochemical response during treatment with small doses of the drug. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 75-year-old woman was referred to the Endocrine Clinic for skeletal pain caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. She had associated problems of congestive heart failure, angina, and hypertension, which precluded surgical treatment. For several years, she had proximal weakness of the forearms, increased fatigue, forgetfulness, constipation, and hemorrhoids. For one year she noted severe pains in the
Two distinct types of helper T cells involved in the secondary antibody response: independent and synergistic effects of Ia- and Ia+ helper T cells.
Authors: T Tada, T Takemori, K Okumura, M Nonaka, T Tokuhisa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

We have described here two distinct types of carrier-specific helper T cells which act independently and synergistically to augment the B-cell response to a hapten. They are separable by passage through a nylon wool column. The first type of helper T cell, which we designate as Th1, is nylon nonadherent, and can help the response of hapten-primed B cells only if the haptenic and carrier determinants are present on a single molecule (cognate interaction). The second type of helper T cell, Th2, adheres to the nylon wool column, and can help the B-cell response to a hapten coupled to a heterologous carrier upon stimulation with unconjugated relevant carrier (polyclonal interaction). The addition of a small number of Th2 to the mixture of Th1 and B cells significantly augmented the net response to the hapten carrier conjugate. Both Th1 and Th2 cells belong to the Lyt-1+,2-,3- subclass. Th1 has no detectable Ia antigen, whereas Th2 is killed by certain anti-Ia antisera and complement. The Ia antigen detected on Th2 was found to be controlled by a locus in the I-J subregion. The results clearly established the fact that there are two distinct pathways in the T- and B-cell collaboration, which involves two different subsets of carrier-specific helper T cells.
Molecular genetic tests as a guide to surgical management of familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: HFA Vasen, RB van der Luijt, JFM Slors, E Buskens, P de Ruiter, CGM Baeten, WR Schouten, HJM Oostvogel, JHC Kuijpers, CMJ Tops, P Meera Khan
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Radioxenon Retention in the Skeleton on a Routine Ventilation Study
Authors: ELISSA L. KRAMER, SERAFIN TIU, JOSEPH J. SANGER, DANIEL D. BENJAMIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Marked retention of radioxenon by the skeletal structures during a routine ventilation scan is described. Xenon uptake by bones occurs largely in the intraosseous fat. Augmented uptake in this case may be related to the patient's prolonged steroid therapy.
Medical and surgical management of early Q wave myocardial infarction. II. Effects on mortality and global and regional left ventricular function at 10 or more years of follow-up
Authors: Marcus A. Dewood, Jeffrey Leonard, Ronald P. Grunwald, Gerald R. Hensley, Lowell T. Mouser, Robert W. Burroughs, Ralph Berg, Lloyd D. Fisher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Is the Precautionary Principle Adaptable to Emergency Scenarios to Speed Up Research, Risking the Individual Informed Consent?
Authors: Margarita Gonzalvo-Cirac, María Victoria Roqué, Ferran Fuertes, Mauricio Pacheco, Ignacio Segarra
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

The article “Ethics of Clinical Science in a Public Health Emergency: Drug Discovery at the Bedside” by Sarah J. L. Edwards proposes the use of the precautionary principle (PP) to solve the conflic...
A Qualitative Meta-Analysis Reveals Consistent Effects of Atrazine on Freshwater Fish and Amphibians
Authors: Jason R. Rohr, Krista A. McCoy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The biological effects of the herbicide atrazine on freshwater vertebrates are highly controversial. In an effort to resolve the controversy, we conducted a qualitative meta-analysis on the effects of ecologically relevant atrazine concentrations on amphibian and fish survival, behavior, metamorphic traits, infections, and immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems.
Missing denture as a cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.
Authors: N P von Haacke, J A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Un malade se plaint de dysphagie et d'enrouement et presente des paralysies du nerf larynge, 18 mois apres un episode de bagarre en etat d'ivresse. L'examen radiographique de la deglutition montre une image suggerant une tumeur des tissus mous pres du cricoide. L'endoscopie revele qu'il s'agit d'un fragment de dentier enrobe dans du tissu cicatriciel de la muqueuse de l'œsophage cervical. Apres ablation du corps etranger la dysphagie disparait mais l'enrouement et la paralysie persistent
On the Mortality Arising from Abdominal Hernia: With Suggestions for its Diminution
Authors: J. Birkett
Journal: BMJ (1868)

tality in support of some favourite sanitary measure, or in opposition to some dreaded reform, by those who may not yet have proved the falla- cies of sanitary statistics, or who do not perceive how small may be the bearing of any particular act or neglect upon the variations of a, general death-rate; or, again, who forget that the same figures in different places, and in populations differing as to age, class, and occupation, may represent totally different standards of health, vigour, and longevity.
We need to determine who benefits most from flu treatments
Authors: L. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Influenza accounts for about 20 000 deaths and 110 000 hospital admissions each year in the United States alone.1 In their meta-analysis of the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir Cooper and colleagues have included the small amount of information available that allows separation of subjects into healthy adults and high risk individuals.

Both zanamivir and oseltamivir reduce the median time to resolution of symptoms by up to one day based on intention to treat, with similar results on confirmation of flu positivity. No clear difference between the healthy …
Family history of breast cancer
Authors: Anneke Lucassen, Eila Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Family history of breast cancer Referral guidelines changed after acceptance of 10 minute consultationEditor-In their 10 minute consultation on family history of breast cancer Lucassen and Watson drew attention to the recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) on familial breast cancer. 1 2 It is unfortunate that the referral criteria were changed between the acceptance of this article in December 2003 and the final published guidelines in June 2004, which would result in the referral of the patient highlighted in the article for potential mammography screening, rather than for her reassurance.Women aged 40-49 years at moderate risk of breast cancer are entitled to annual mammograms. 2 The definition of moderate risk was based on a risk of at least 3% over the 10 year period from the age of 40 to 50.Available evidence, particularly from combined analyses of case-control studies of familial risks, 3 indicates that a woman reaches this category with a first degree relative (mother or sister) with breast cancer when younger than 40 years or two relatives on the same side of the family (one first degree and one second degree or two first degree) diagnosed at any age.The latter category differs from the draft NICE guidelines and previous referral criteria, which required that the two relatives be diagnosed at an average age of less than 60. 4 This age restriction was removed because it could not be justified on the basis of the available data.It should be noted, however, that referral on the basis of two elderly close relatives is likely to be restricted to the age groups of 30-49, with referral of only high risk groups (for example, two affected relatives diagnosed at an average age of less than 50 years) outside this age group.
Abstract 546: CD44 variant expression is a poor prognostic marker in early gastric cancer and well-differentiated gastric cancer
Authors: Won Sup Lee, Se-Il Go, Jeong-Hee Lee, Sang-Ho Jeong, Young-Joon Lee, Soon Chan Hong, Woo Song Ha, Gyung Hyuck Ko
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The present study is to investigate the significance of the expression of CD44 variant (CD44v), a functional cancer stem cell marker, in the primary gastric cancer. We first tested whether CD44v is selectively expressed in gastric cancer tissue. With the tissue microarray samples containing the 6 normal tissue, 6 H. pylori associated gastritis, 12 intestinal metaplasia, 12 low-grade adenoma, 12 high-grade adenoma, 25 early gastric cancer and 26 advanced gastric cancer. The positive expression rates in tumor were 65.3% (49/75) whereas the positive rates in normal and gastritis tissue were 30.4% (p = 0.003). Next, we investigated the clinical significance of gastric cancer with the tissue microarray containing 333 gastric cancer tissue derived from the patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 1999 to 2007. The positive expression rates of CD44v (55%, 134/242) were higher in intestinal type gastric cancer than in diffuse type (28%, 21/76). Intestinal type gastric cancer among the CD44v-positive gastric cancer accounted for 82% (134/164). The 5-year survival rate of CD44v-positive gastric cancer was 67.7% whereas that of CD44v-negative gastric cancer was 62.9%. The survival difference was higher as time passed, but it was statistically insignificant (p = 0.219). However, in the subgroup analysis we found that the survival differences were significantly higher in early gastric cancer and well-differentiated gastric cancer (p = 0.013, 5-YSR ; p = 0.046, 5-YSR , respectively). We also investigated the correlation between the expressions of CD44v and EGFR along with the well-known proliferative molecular biomarkers, cylin D1 and Ki-67. Only the expression of Ki-67 were some correlation with CD44v expression in gastric cancer; CD44v-positive rates of the cancers with negative or 1 positive Ki-67 expression were 37% (47/127) whereas those with 2 or 3 positive Ki-67 expression were 57.4% (116/202). This study demonstrates that CD44v can be a good biomarker for early gastric cancer and well-differentiated gastric cancer. [This study was supported by a grant from the National R&amp;D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry for Health, Welfare &amp; Family Affairs, Republic of Korea. (0820050).] Citation Format: Won Sup Lee, Se-Il Go, Jeong-Hee Lee, Sang-Ho Jeong, Young-Joon Lee, Soon Chan Hong, Woo Song Ha, Gyung Hyuck Ko. CD44 variant expression is a poor prognostic marker in early gastric cancer and well-differentiated gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-546
Regulation of vitamin D and calcium metabolism after gastrectomy.
Authors: L Nilas, C Christiansen, J Christiansen
Journal: Gut (1985)

Fifteen men, who had undergone Billroth I gastrectomy and 19 men who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy were studied with respect to vitamin D and other indices of calcium metabolism. The Billroth I group had hypocalcaemia, raised concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase, and reduced bone mineral content. The same biochemical disturbances were found in the Billroth II group, but bone mineral content was normal. In neither of the groups was found signs of increased bone resorption. The calcium absorption was situated in the lower part of the normal range and the fractional absorption and elimination rates were normal. The 25OHD concentrations in both groups were reduced (p less than 0.05-0.01) and the 1.25(OH)2D concentrations raised (p less than 0.01-0.001). The 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were inversely related to bone mineral content, but directly related to signs of bone turnover and calcium absorption. We suggest that the high 1,25(OH)2D concentration is the result of a compensatory process with the aim of preventing hypocalcaemia.
Blood Products Laboratory
Authors: R S Lane
Journal: BMJ (1978)

parison we recorded our results in the same way as Drs Lunn and Johnson.Forty-four of the 60 persons with positive Mantoux tests had a positive and 10 a doubtful tine test.We even found 9",, positive tine tests in Mantoux-negative patients, a fact we explain by the difficulty of strictly intracutane- ous application of the Mantoux test in older persons with very thin skin.In our practice the tine test is an accurate and easily performed screening test for tuberculosis.
Incremental Value of Fusion Imaging With Integrated PET-CT in Oncology
Authors: Christopher D. Roman, William H. Martin, Dominique Delbeke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the incremental value of integrated F-18 FDG PET-CT imaging compared with either alone for evaluation of patients with body malignancies. Materials and Methods: Images from 173 consecutive patients with body malignancies referred for integrated PET-CT imaging were reviewed. A CT with contrast performed within 2 months of PET-CT was available for 74 patients. Results: There was agreement between the transmission CT (TrCT) and PET interpreted separately in 65% (112 of 173) of patients. Interpretation of integrated PET-CT had an incremental diagnostic value in 17.9% (31 of 173) of the total patient population. Data was analyzed further excluding patients for whom further analysis was not relevant: 1) 20% (34 of 173) of patients with normal TrCT and PET and 2) 11% (19 of 173) of patients with disseminated metastases (too numerous to count) on both TrCT and PET. Among the 120 other patients, PET interpreted alone was positive in 195 body regions and CT-positive in 178 body regions with agreement for all regions in 49% (59 of 120) of patients and discordance or equivocal lesions in 51% (61 of 120) of patients. Integrated PET-CT had an incremental diagnostic value in 27% (31 of 120) of patients. Contrasted CT scan demonstrated hepatic lesions in 5 and extrahepatic lesions in 3 patients overlooked on TrCT; all 8 of these lesions were PET-positive. There was incremental impact on the management of 12.5% (15 of 120) of patients. Conclusions: After excluding patients with a normal PET-CT or disseminated disease, there was an incremental diagnostic value of integrated PET-CT imaging in 27% (31 of 120) and incremental impact on management in 12.5% (15 of 120) of patients. CT with contrast did not demonstrate lesions not appreciated by PET-CT.