tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-03-02: Na+,HCO3--cotransport is the major mechanism of cellular acid extrusion in human and murine breast cancer
Authors: M Mele, S Lee, J Moreira, P Vahl, V Wielenga, V Jensen, S Pedersen, P Christiansen, C Aalkjær, E Boedtkjer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract High metabolism and insufficient blood supply are characteristics of cancer tissue, which in combination with biochemical changes favor glycolytic metabolism and result in prominent intracellular acid production. Although extracellular pH at the core of malignant tumors is as low as one unit below normal, intracellular pH (pHi) in tumor cells is typically normal or even slightly alkaline. Thus, cancer cells must possess efficient mechanisms of acid extrusion to eliminate the excess acid load. We investigated the role of the Na+,HCO3–cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7), which in recent genome-wide association studies has been linked to human breast cancer. Based on immunohistochemistry of tumor slices and immunoblotting of enzymatically isolated epithelial organoids, we found that NBCn1 expression is upregulated in human and murine primary breast carcinomas and metastases compared to normal breast tissue. The upregulation of NBCn1 was of similar or greater magnitude than that observed for the Na+/H+-exchanger NHE1, which has previously been implicated in cell migration, proliferation and malignancy. Measurements of pHi from slices of human and murine breast cancers and from malignant and normal breast epithelial organoids showed that Na+,HCO3–cotransport is the major mechanism of acid extrusion in the near-physiological pHi range. Na+/H+-exchange was important for acid extrusion only at very low pHi values. We furthermore found that Na+,HCO3–cotransport activity was substantially greater in malignant compared to normal breast epithelial organoids of both human and murine origin, while no apparent difference in Na+/H+-exchange activity was detected between cancer and normal breast tissue. Steady-state pHi was higher in the breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast epithelium in the presence of CO2/HCO3- but not in its nominal absence. We propose that NBCn1 plays a major role for cellular acid extrusion and pHi regulation in human and murine breast cancer. The upregulated expression of NBCn1 and the functional importance of Na+,HCO3–cotransport for pHi regulation support a causative role for NBCn1 in breast cancer development or progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-03-02.
Recent History of Ischaemic Heart Disease and Duodenal Ulcer in Doctors
Authors: T. W. Meade, T. H. D. Arie, M. Brewis, D. J. Bond, J. N. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Data are presented on the incidence of ischaemic (coronary) heart disease and duodenal ulcer among the several thousand male medical practitioners aged 35-64 holding immediate sickness benefit policies with the Medical Sickness Annuity and Life Assurance Society Limited. Three periods are considered: 1947-50, 1957-60, and 1961-5.The incidence of first clinical episodes of ischaemic heart disease in the doctors altered little between 1947-50 and 1957-60 but increased in 1961-5. Comparison of the late 1940s with the early 1960s shows a 60% rise of incidence at ages 45-54 but little change at other ages. Cases first presenting as "sudden" death increased between 1947-50 and 1961-5 by 111% at 45-54, and again changed little at 55-64. In two other occupational groups that have been studied-bus conductors and insurance salesmen-the increase of incidence was greater than for the doctors at 45-54 and it occurred also over 55 years of age. The increase from 1947-50 to 1961-5 in mortality during all episodes of ischaemic heart disease was the same in the doctors as in the male population of England and Wales at 45-54, but at 55-64 it was less.The results in the doctors are not due to alterations over the period in length of sickness absence, or underwriting policy, or of the nomenclature used on the certificates.Well-documented changes in the smoking habits of doctors may be partly responsible for what appears to have been a relatively favourable experience of ischaemic heart disease from 1947-50 to 1961-5, especially at ages 55-64.Incidence of duodenal ulcer at ages 35-64 declined steadily in this population of doctors from 1947-50 to 1961-5. The decline is very likely to be real.
Case of Abscess of the Right Ovary: Terminating in Rupture into the Peritoneum and Death from Peritonitis
Authors: W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1852)

JULIA REEI-ES, a prostitute, 21 years of age, was brought to the United Hospital, on the 10th of last September, and admitted an in-patient under my care.She stated that she was taken ill on the morning of the 7th with severe pain in the belly, attended with sickness and vomiting.ShIe had rigors, followed by a hot skin
Amikacin Therapy for Serious Gram-Negative Infection
Authors: Alan A. Pollock
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Amikacin sulfate was administered to 18 patients for the treatment of 19 severe infections. Seventeen infections were caused by gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, and 13 patients were bacteremic. Bacteriologic cure was attained in all but one instance, and effective serum, bile, and pleural fluid drug levels were demonstrated. Drug-related fever occurred in one patient, and another experienced a maculopapular rash and monilial intertrigo. In three patients, reversible renal toxicity developed, but none had clinical evidence of ototoxicity. Amikacin sulfate in a dose of 15 mg/kg/day is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections, particularly those due to gentamicin-resistant organisms.
A curious case of childhood obesity
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Finding the magic cottage was tricky. I asked directions from a sulky young girl in a red hoodie. “Get lost,” she said, “I’m morphing awkwardly into adulthood. Subtext too subtle for you?”

I summoned the great god Pan. He was adjusting his loincloth, which was revealingly and impressively askew. “Sorry, can’t stay,” he smirked, “A wood nymph just called around; comprendez?”

I eventually tracked down the cottage by the pricking of my thumbs—and sat-nav. Reality was on holiday, …
Galectin-1 Deactivates Classically Activated Microglia and Protects from Inflammation-Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sarah C. Starossom, Ivan D. Mascanfroni, Jaime Imitola, Li Cao, Khadir Raddassi, Silvia F. Hernandez, Ribal Bassil, Diego O. Croci, Juan P. Cerliani, Delphine Delacour, Yue Wang, Wassim Elyaman, Samia J. Khoury, Gabriel A. Rabinovich
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Landscape of TET2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: S Weissmann, T Alpermann, V Grossmann, A Kowarsch, N Nadarajah, C Eder, F Dicker, A Fasan, C Haferlach, T Haferlach, W Kern, S Schnittger, A Kohlmann
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Switching to low tar cigarettes: are the tar league tables relevant?
Authors: R G Rawbone
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Representative samples of smokers of regular middle tar and regular low tar cigarettes responded to a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and participated in a blind product test, returning 24 hour butt collections from the smoking of both middle tar and low tar cigarettes. An estimate of the mouth intake of tar derived from a measurement of filter nicotine confirmed partial compensation by the low tar smokers relative to the middle tar smokers, resulting in 32% lower tar delivery rather than the 46% expected from the standard machine values. Most middle tar smokers (98%) achieved an estimated tar delivery within or below that of the league table middle tar band when smoking middle tar cigarettes, while 70% of low tar smokers had a mouth intake of 10 X 49 mg or below within the low tar band when smoking low tar cigarettes. These results support the current tar league tables as a guide to the smoker in selecting a lower delivery cigarette.
Medical Education in Japan: From Chinese Medicine to Western Medicine
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The dominant position attained by American medicine and medical education since the end of World War II has brought increasing numbers of students, physicians, and medical scientists from virtually all countries of the world, who come here for postgraduate training or to observe our educational methods. Among these, and particularly with the Japanese, there are frequent language barriers which prevent full communication between visitors and hosts. The breakdown in mutual understanding is further aggravated by a total unawareness on the part of most Americans of the skills, knowledge, and desire of participation, especially by the Japanese visitors.  To overcome these difficulties and to acquaint us with the bases of some of the apparent behavioral eccentricities of the visiting Oriental physicians, the author has written this book. He has presented an interesting and detailed description of all aspects of present-day medical education in Japan, and a brief, but complete and entirely
The Resurrection Trade
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Longitudinal analysis of pulmonary function in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Joshua J. Field, Jeffrey Glassberg, Annette Gilmore, Joanna Howard, Sameer Patankar, Yan Yan, Sally C. Davies, Michael R. DeBaun, Robert C. Strunk
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Among adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), pulmonary complications are a leading cause of death. Yet, the natural history of lung function in adults with SCD is not well established. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with SCD who had repeated pulmonary function tests performed over 20 years of age. Ninety-two adults were included in this cohort. Rate of decline in FEV(1) for men and women with SCD was 49 cc/year (compared with 20-26 cc/year in the general population). Further studies are needed to identify factors which impact the rate of lung function decline in adults with SCD.
Depression and Depression Care in Diabetes
Authors: Julie Wagner, Gina Abbott
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Depression is more prevalent in both African Americans and Caucasians with diabetes (1) than in nondiabetic control subjects (2), and it is associated with worse diabetes outcomes (3,4). Prospective studies (5) show that everyday encounters with discrimination predict subsequent depressive symptoms in nondiabetic individuals. When discrimination is perceived, specifically in health care, it may also interfere with depression care. This study investigated perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, and depression care in diabetic African Americans.

Participants were African-American adults with diabetes attending 2004–2006 American Diabetes Association health fairs in northeastern U.S. cities. Attendees responded to a sign advertising “Research for African Americans with diabetes.” After informed consent, participants completed questionnaires and provided fingerprick blood samples for A1C assessment (6). Participants were paid $5.00 and given A1C results with referrals to community health centers.

Demographic questions included age, sex, insurance, primary care provider, and socioeconomic status (SES), which was assessed with income and education. A medical history questionnaire asked about physician-diagnosed disorders (including depression) and whether medication was taken for each disorder. These questions were modeled after the Centers for Disease Control’s survey questions (7,8) for patient report of physician-diagnosed disorders.

Participants completed three additional questionnaires, as follows. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) scale (9) is a 20-item measure of depressive symptoms. A score of >21 discriminates between depressed and nondepressed individuals in medical populations (10,11). α in this sample was 0.87.

The Schedule of Racist Events (SRE) (12) is an 18-item questionnaire that measures frequency and stressfulness of racial discrimination situations (e.g., in …
Abstract 890: Interleukin 11: A novel therapeutic target in IL-11Rα expressing sarcomas
Authors: Monica Mancini, Nicole Fer, Victor Perez, Beverly Teicher, Annamaria Rapisarda
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, which mediate signaling via a common signal-transducing gp130 component and a cytokine-specific subunit (IL-11Rβ). Upon binding to the IL-11Rα, a signaling cascade activates several pathways, including JAK kinases, STAT transcription factors (STAT3 and STAT1), MAPK, src-family kinases and PI3K. IL-11 has been implicated in experimental models of chronic inflammation and associated tumorigenesis. Oncomine analysis of publicly available microarray data from patient biopsies showed that IL-11Rα mRNA is expressed in several sarcomas and not in the matched normal tissue counterparts. Surgical resection and cytotoxic chemotherapy are the standard of care for most locally advanced and metastatic sarcomas, the identification of new markers and the development of targeted therapies are needed to increase long-term survival of these patients. Previous studies demonstrated IL-11Rα is expressed in human primary and metastatic osteosarcomas but not in normal bone, suggesting that IL-11Rα is a potential target for sarcoma therapy. We analyzed a panel of 45 human sarcoma cell lines for the expression of IL-11Rα and IL-11. Interestingly, IL-11Rα protein is expressed at high levels in the majority of cell lines examined. In addition, we found that nearly all osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma cell lines express high constitutive levels of IL-11 mRNA, indicating that IL-11 autocrine signaling may play a role in these tumor types. Two lentiviral vectors, used for the delivery of shRNA targeting IL-11 in HT-1080, produced an 80-90% decrease in IL-11 mRNA expression when compared to the luciferase control shRNA; however, IL-11 mRNA levels remained significantly high in HT1080 knock-down cells when compared to the constitutive levels of non sarcoma cancer types. Decreasing levels of IL-11 in HT-1080 resulted in a 50% inhibition of cell growth, demonstrating that IL-11 has a role in cell proliferation. Further experiments aimed to assess the expression of IL-11 and IL-11Rβ in xenografts and to explore the role of IL-11 in sarcoma pathogenesis, propagation and response to therapy are ongoing. These data suggest that neutralization of IL-11 or IL-11Rα may be a potential target for the development of cancer therapeutics for sarcomas. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 890. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-890
Genetic Flux Between H1 and H2 Haplotypes of the 17q21.31 Inversion in European Population
Authors: Libin Deng, Xiaoli Tang, Xiangwen Hao, Wei Chen, Jiari Lin, Yangyu Yu, Dake Zhang, Changqing Zeng
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Abstract The chromosome 17q21.31 inversion is a 900-kb common structural polymorphism found primarily in European population. Although the genetic flux within inversion region was assumed to be considerable suppressed, it is still unclear about the details of genetic exchange between the H1 (non-inverted sequence) and H2 (inverted sequence) haplotypes of this inversion. Here we describe a refined map of genetic exchanges between pairs of gene arrangements within the 17q21.31 region. Using HapMap phase II data of 1,546 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we successfully deduced 96 H1 and 24 H2 haplotypes in European samples by neighbor-joining tree reconstruction. Furthermore, we identified 15 and 26 candidate tracts with reciprocal and non-reciprocal genetic exchanges, respectively. In all 15 regions harboring reciprocal exchange, haplotypes reconstructed by clone sequencing did not support these exchange events, suggesting that such signals of exchange between two sister chromosomes in certain heterozygous individual were caused by phasing error regions. On the other hand, the finished clone sequencing across 4 of 26 tracts with non-reciprocal genetic flux confirmed that this kind of genetic exchange was caused by gene conversion. In summary, as crossover between pairs of gene arrangements had been considerably suppressed, gene conversion might be the most important mechanism for genetic exchange at 17q21.31.
Appearance of Metastatic Meningioma on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: JOSEPH G. JACKSON, MOHAMMED MOINUDDIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Extracranial metastases of meningioma are very rare, with a reported incidence of less than one in 1000 cases of meningioma. Metastases have been reported in the lungs and pleura, in the liver, in the lymph nodes, and in bone. The appearance of osseous metastases in the bony pelvis from intracranial angioblastic meningioma is described.
Impact of a Diabetes Electronic Management System on the Care of Patients Seen in a Subspecialty Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Steven A Smith, Mary E Murphy, Todd R Huschka, Sean F Dinneen, Colum A Gorman, Bruce R Zimmerman, Robert A Rizza, James M Naessens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To compare the compliance with diabetes care performance indicators by diabetes specialists using a diabetes electronic management system (DEMS) and by those using the traditional paper medical record. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A DEMS has been gradually introduced into our subspecialty practice for diabetes care. To assess the value of this DEMS as a disease management tool, we completed a retrospective review of the medical records of 82 randomly selected patients attending a subspecialty diabetes clinic (DC) during the first quarter of 1996. Eligible patients were defined by the suggested criteria from the American Diabetes Association Provider Recognition Program. During the first quarter of 1996, ∼ one half of the providers began using the DEMS for some but not all of their patient encounters. Neither abstractors nor providers were aware of the intent to examine performance in relationship to use of the DEMS. RESULTS Several measures were positively influenced when providers used the DEMS. The number of foot examinations, the number of blood pressure readings, and a weighted criterion score were greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for providers using the DEMS. There was evidence, although not statistically significant, for lower mean diastolic blood pressures (P = 0.043) in patients and for number of glycated hemoglobins documented (P = 0.018) by users of the DEMS. CONCLUSIONS Performance and documentation of the process of care for patients with diabetes in a subspecialty clinic are greater with the use of a DEMS than with the traditional paper record.
General practitioner prescribing costs.
Authors: P P Carter
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We conclude that the factors likely to predispose an individual towards an adverse response are (a) genetic, (b) underlying immunopathological conditions, (c) frequency of exposure to a particular drug, and (d) various combinations of these.Genetic factors include both IgE (atopy) and comp- lement anomalies.Immunopathological con- ditions involving circulatory immune com- plexes, such as chronic infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, may "prime" complement systems, making them susceptible to activation by intravenous drugs.Adverse response can thus be attributed to a range of mechanisms and predisposing factors and no intravenous drug can be considered entirely safe.
Generalized Mantel-Haenszel Procedures for 2 × J Tables
Authors: Takashi Yanagawa, Yoshinori Fujii, Joe Mastuoka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Generalization of Mantel-Haenszel procedure for 2 x J (J > 2) tables is reviewed. Included are generalized Mantel-Haenszel tests, estimators for a common odds ratio, and generalized Breslow-Day test for the homogeneity of odds ratios across the strata.-Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 8): 57-60 (1994)
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in psoriasis: enhancement by self-activated serum
Authors: G. KAWOHL, B. SZPERALSKI, J.-M. SCHRODER, E. CHRISTOPHERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) directed against serum was determined in a modified Boyden chamber assay. In a total of 176 experiments PMNs and sera from healthy controls were compared with PMNs and sera from patients with psoriasis. When PMNs from patients with psoriasis were confronted with psoriatic serum greatly enhanced chemotaxis was demonstrated. Non-psoriatic PMNs in the presence of psoriatic serum showed no enhancement. However, psoriatic PMNs in the presence of normal serum were chemotactically more active compared to non-psoriatic PMNs. Heat inactivation (56°C, 30 min) reduced the chemotactic activity of all sera by nearly 50%. However in psoriatic sera the enhancement of chemotaxis was still present after heat treatment. The results indicate the presence of a functional abnormality of chemotaxis in psoriasis. This is likely to be caused by the in situ generation of chemotactically active fragments of complement. Experiments showing increased chemotactic activity of sera exposed to migrating PMNs support this concept.
Communal Responsibility for Health Care — The Example of Benefit Assessment in Germany
Authors: Peter T. Sawicki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Many German observers are bewildered over the U.S. health care reform debate. Most Europeans see affordable health insurance for everyone as a fundamental element of a stable and prosperous society — an element founded on the principle of communal responsibility. Like the United States, Germany is a wealthy, democratic society with strong nongovernmental community institutions.1 In Germany, 90% of the population pays affordable contributions into the community-based system of statutory health insurance funds, which is supplemented by employer contributions and some taxes. The remaining 10% of citizens, most of whom have above-average incomes, pay into private insurance schemes. For the . . .