tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Predictive Factors of Treatment Failure
Authors: Benjamin Planquette, Jean-Francois Timsit, Benoit Y. Misset, Carole Schwebel, Elie Azoulay, Christophe Adrie, Aurélien Vesin, Samir Jamali, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Bernard Allaouchiche, Bertrand Souweine, Michael Darmon, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Bruno H. Mourvillier, Jean-Pierre Bédos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

The predictive factors of treatment failure for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) remain uncertain.To describe PA-VAP recurrence prognosis and to identify associated risk factors in a large cohort of intensive care unit patients with PA-VAP.From the multicenter OUTCOMEREA database (1997-2011), PA-VAP onset and recurrence were recorded. All suspected cases of VAP were confirmed by a positive quantitative culture of a respiratory sample. Multidrug-resistant PA strains were defined by the resistance to two antibiotics among piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, colistine, and fluoroquinolones (FQ). An extensively resistant PA was defined by resistance to piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and FQ. A treatment failure was defined as a PA-VAP recurrence or by the death occurrence.A total of 314 patients presented 393 PA-VAP. Failure occurred for 112 of them, including 79 recurrences. Susceptible, multidrug resistant, and extensively resistant PA represented 53.7%, 32%, and 14.3% of the samples, respectively. Factors associated with treatment failure were age (P = 0.02); presence of at least one chronic illness (P = 0.02); limitation of life support (P = 0.0004); a high Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment score (P < 0.0001); PA bacteremia (P = 0.003); and previous use of FQ before the first PA-VAP (P = 0.0007). The failure risk was not influenced by the strain resistance profile or by the biantibiotic treatment, but decreased in case of VAP treatment that includes FQ (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.5 [0.3-0.7]; P = 0.0006). However, the strain resistance profile slowed down the intensive care unit discharge hazard (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.6 [0.4-1.0]; P = 0.048).Neither resistance profile nor biantibiotic therapy decreased the risk of PA-VAP treatment failure. However, the profile of PA resistance prolonged the length of stay. Better evaluation of the potential benefit of an initial treatment containing FQ requires further randomized trials.
Emergence of a new recombinant Sydney 2012 norovirus variant in Denmark, 26 December 2012 to 22 March 2013
Authors: J Fonager, S Barzinci, T K Fischer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We report here new recombinants between the norovirus II.4 Sydney 2012 and the II.4 New Orleans 2009 variants. This demonstrates that the II.4 Sydney 2012 variant is undergoing further diversification and suggests a potential for rapid evolution. We also provide primers, which allow the amplification and sequencing of both the current New Orleans 2009 and Sydney 2012 variants and the new II.4 New Orleans 2009/II.4 Sydney 2012 recombinants for more accurate surveillance and transmission tracking.
The Toll of the Road
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A FEW months ago a Times leading article entitled "Dressing Up for a Spin" commented on how an eminent reviewer had noted with surprise and incredulity that in some of the entries in Who's Who, 1961, motoring is still claimed as a recreation. It is certainly difficult to imagine how anyone sufficiently eminent to find his way into the columns of Who's Who could find any pleasure in modern motoring. Indeed, the writer thought that the real romance of motoring must have departed when the motorist abandoned the practice of putting on special clothes for the enterprise. After all, dressing . . .
International Assessment of the Internal Consistency of Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: JORDI SUNYER, XAVIER BASAGAÑA, PETER BURNEY, JOSEP M. ANTÓ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We aimed to assess cross-cultural validity of the reporting of respiratory symptoms in the European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS). A random sample of subjects from the general population (aged 20–44 yr), from 35 centers in 15 countries, answered a questionnaire and underwent allergy tests and airway challenge with methacholine. The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 60% (n = 16,635). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify how symptoms were grouped (i.e., to specify factor structure), using data from the United Kingdom. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis of the prespecified structure for the United Kingdom was assessed for each country in consecutive nested models, increasing at each step the number of parameters forced to be equal to the United Kingdom, and assessing the goodness of fit. Variables were clustered in the same four groups (factors) in all countries. The four factors, mutually adjusted, were associated with either bronchial responsiveness, atopy, or smoking, which provides coherence for the separation of the four factors. In the confirmatory factor analysis, when the load of each of the symptoms in the corresponding factor was prespecified, all countries except Spain showed an adequate fit; in Spain there were differences in answers concerning asthma treatment. We conclude that the ECRHS multilingual translated respiratory symptoms questionnaire shows high internal consistency, suggesting that international comparisons are not affected by errors due to cross-cultural variations in the reporting of symptoms.
Abstract 669: Sunitinib enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in preclinical colon cancer models
Authors: Devalingam Mahalingam, Sanjay Bansal, Ernest Medina, Kevin Kelly, Ronan Swords, Robbert Cool, Steven de Jong, Jennifer S. Carew, Francis J. Giles, Steffan T. Nawrocki
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent inducer of apoptosis that may have promise as an anticancer agent due to its selectivity toward tumor cells. However, resistance to TRAIL occurs frequently and is primarily due to defects in apoptosis signaling or activation of survival pathways. Sunitinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases that promote cell survival and drug resistance. We hypothesized that disrupting pro-survival signaling cascades with suntinib would circumvent this mechanism of resistance and strongly enhance TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. We tested this hypothesis by investigating whether inhibition of survival signaling pathways with sunitinib could augment the anticancer activity of TRAIL in preclinical models of colon cancer. Sunitinib significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of TRAIL in a panel of colon cancer cell lines as evidenced by increased caspase cleavage and DNA fragmentation. The TRAIL/sunitinib combination also promoted enhanced JNK activation and stimulated a decrease in the expression of XIAP, c-IAP2 and Bcl-xL, which correlated with apoptosis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of JNK reduced TRAIL/sunitinib-mediated apoptosis indicating that it is an important mediator of efficacy of this combination. We further investigated this combination regimen in HCT116 and HCT15 xenograft models treated with vehicle, TRAIL, sunitinib, or the combination. The TRAIL/sunitinib combination was very well tolerated and significantly reduced tumor burden in both models compared to either single agent treatment. The reduction in tumor volume correlated with increased apoptosis as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and was associated with decreases in XIAP, c-IAP2 and Bcl-xL expression. Our collective results suggest that sunitinib enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by increasing JNK activation and downregulating multiple anti-apoptotic proteins. These findings are the first report of the therapeutic potential of the combination of sunitinib and TRAIL in preclinical models of colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 669.
Eat Not This Flesh; Food Avoidances in the Old World
Authors: O. C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Food habits, as related to the eating of meat, vary throughout the world. The avoidance of beef, pork, chicken, horseflesh, and dogflesh in various parts of the world are discussed by the author in attempting to determine why such avoidance has developed. Maps showing the distribution of avoidance, and in cases of camel and dogflesh, the acceptance of certain fleshes, pinpoint the areas where such food habits may play a role in the nutrition of the population. The text numbers only 125 pages, the remainder being references. For those interested in the strange eating habits of other parts of the world, this book will prove interesting. Unfortunately, the author or publisher has seen fit to include all notes in a separate section at the end of the book. This makes it difficult to follow the arguments and side issues that the author brings up without turning back and forth to
Pediatrics: Adolescent Medicine
Authors: S. Kenneth Schonberg
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The teenager must accomplish a series of crucial developmental tasks during the few short years of adolescence. During these years, illness will often interfere with the attainment of the skills and attitudes necessary to becoming a healthy and productive adult. Either physiological or behavioral dysfunction may prove an obstacle to the achievement of academic and vocational goals, the realization of independence from parental support and control, the development of adult psychosexual capability, the derivation of a healthy self-identity and feelings of self-worth, and even the completion of somatic maturation.<sup>1</sup>During the past two decades, we have reached a better understanding of both the nature and extent of those disease processes that are most likely to have impact on adolescents. <h3>Health Indices in Adolescents</h3> There are more than 40 million Americans between the ages of 10 and 19 years, accounting for approximately one fifth of our population. It is estimated
Pulmonary Edema Associated With Propoxyphene Intoxication
Authors: Leon J. Bogartz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In three consecutive cases of severe, rapid intoxication with propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon), pulmonary edema was present and represented the major problem in clinical management or the significant pathological finding at postmortem examination. This suggests that pulmonary edema plays an important role in the natural history of such intoxications. It is necessary that physicians be aware of this complication, for intensive pulmonary resuscitation may salvage patients with otherwise lethal ingestions.
The specialized tissues of the heart; proceedings of a symposium on specialized tissues of the heart, August, 1960, Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This slender volume assembles the proceedings of a symposium held at Rio de Janeiro in 1960. Among anatomical subjects considered were the evidence for direct conducting pathways from the sino-atrial to the atrioventricular node, for paranodal fibers and for an interatrial (Bachman) bundle; the contention that specialized conducting tissues do not exist in man; and an anatomical basis of anomalous atrioventricular excitation. Handsomely illustrated sections are presented on the developing heart as it is revealed by the electron microscope. The papers also include discussions of the interrelationship between ions and electrical activity in specialized tissues, the potassium and chloride permeability of Purkinje fibers, and the cellular electrophysiology of atrial tissue. And in the borderland between the electrical and anatomical disciplines, the growing conviction is emphasized that the capacity for pacemaker activity is restricted to "pacemaker" tissue. Finally, in an excellent study employing a combination of histological and electrical techniques, the
Multivariate predictors of intravascular ultrasound end points after directional coronary atherectomy
Authors: Fadi A. Matar, Gary S. Mintz, Ellen Pinnow, Saturnino P. Javier, Jeffrey J. Popma, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
ASSESSMENT OF CONTROLLED ISO-OXIC HYPERCAPNIC STIMULATION OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW USING OXYGENATION DEPENDENT CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Hsin-Jung Yang, Roya Yumul, Richard Tang, Ivan Cokic, Michael Klevin, Avinash Kali, Olivia Sobczyk, Behzad Sharif, Jun Tang, Xiaoming Bi, Tsaftaris Sotirios, Debiao Li, Antonio Hernandez Conte, Joseph Fisher, Rohan Dharmakumar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prognostic Value of Number and Site of Calcified Coronary Lesions Compared With the Total Score
Authors: Marcus Williams, Leslee J. Shaw, Paolo Raggi, Douglas Morris, Viola Vaccarino, Sandy T. Liu, Steven R. Weinstein, Tristen P. Mosler, Philip H. Tseng, Ferdinand R. Flores, Khurram Nasir, Matthew Budoff
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Anatomic Variations of the Auditory Canal Pertaining to the Fit of Stethoscope Earpieces
Authors: DALE GROOM, WADDY CHAPMAN
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Leaks in the enclosed acoustical system of the stethoscope reduce its efficiency and can greatly impair the physician's ability to detect the faint murmurs of early valvular heart disease. The results of this study demonstrate a high degree of variability in size and configuration of the external auditory meatus among different individuals. It appears probable that both excessive leaks and also partial or complete occlusion of the acoustical pathways commonly result with the use of standard stethoscope earpieces.
1042-83 Detection of increased blood temperature in the coronary sinus of patients with coronary artery disease: The impact of temperature measurements on prognosis
Authors: Sophia Vaina, Konstantinos Toutouzas, John Mitropoulos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Christos Pitsavos, Harissios Boudoulas, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Immunohistochemical studies on endothelial cell phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: S Nakamura, H Muro, S Suzuki, T Sakaguchi, H Konno, S Baba, A S Syed
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To examine the phenotype of the sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) surrounding tumor cells and the process of capillarization in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 51 primary HCCs, 4 adrenal metastases, and 3 portal tumor thrombi were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for CD4, CD14 (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein complex receptors), and CD32 (Fc gamma receptor II), which are specifically found on the SECs in normal liver, but not on ordinary vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Immunostaining was also performed for CD36 (thrombospondin receptors), EN4 antigen (Ag) (a pan-vascular endothelial cell Ag), PAL-E Ag (a venous and capillary EC Ag), factor VIII-related Ag (FVIIIRAg), and laminin. MAb 25F9, which identifies macrophages, was simultaneously used with the other MAbs to distinguish macrophages from SECs in HCCs (HCC SECs). CD4, CD14, and/or CD32 were found on HCC SECs only in 12 well-differentiated primary HCCs showing a thin trabecular or pseudoglandular tumor cell arrangement. These 12 tumors were smaller than those without CD4-, CD14-, and/or CD32-positive SECs (P < .05). Among them, 7, 5, and 11 tumors were negative or only partially positive for laminin, PAL-E Ag, and FVIIIRAg, respectively. Staining for laminin and PAL-E Ag showed an inverse relationship to the expression of CD4, CD14, and CD32 on HCC SECs and the tumor differentiation. In conclusion, the phenotypes of the SECs in early and well-differentiated HCC are thought to be similar to those of the SECs in normal liver. With progressing tumor dedifferentiation the HCC SECs lose the phenotypes peculiar to liver SECs and acquire the characteristics of capillary ECs, though both types of phenotypical change occur independently of each other.
Biology Enters Repressed Memory Fray
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

SCIENCE is starting to shed light on the bitter debate over "false" vs "repressed" memories of abuse. There is now wide acknowledgment that false memories can develop and be brought out or even created during therapy. There is also a growing body of evidence from more than a dozen prospective studies that memory impairment is common during or because of traumas ranging from earthquakes to rape. And studies are documenting down to the molecular level how memory can be impaired by trauma. "We are learning that when a person, particularly a child, is severely traumatized, it is not so much the external event but the internal experience of what is happening" that determines the extent of trauma and possibility of memory impairment, says Charles R. Marmar, MD, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California—San Francisco, School of Medicine and president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
Internet-based program for automatic discrimination of dermoscopic images between melanomas and Clark naevi
Authors: H. Oka, M. Hashimoto, H. Iyatomi, G. Argenziano, H.P. Soyer, M. Tanaka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Internet‐based program for automatic discrimination of dermoscopic images between melanomas and Clark naevi Get access H. Oka, H. Oka Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 160‐8582, Tokyo and Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223–8522, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hashimoto, M. Hashimoto Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 160‐8582, Tokyo and Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223–8522, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Iyatomi, H. Iyatomi Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 160‐8582, Tokyo and Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223–8522, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Argenziano, G. Argenziano Department of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.P. Soyer, H.P. Soyer Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, A‐8036 Graz, Austria. E‐mail: okahiroshiderma@1996.jukuin.keio.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Tanaka M. Tanaka Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 160‐8582, Tokyo and Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223–8522, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 5, 1 May 2004, Page 1041, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05942.x Published: 01 May 2004
Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Report From an ADA Consensus Conference
Authors: Katherine R. Tuttle, George L. Bakris, Rudolf W. Bilous, Jane L. Chiang, Ian H. de Boer, Jordi Goldstein-Fuchs, Irl B. Hirsch, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Andrew S. Narva, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Joshua J. Neumiller, Uptal D. Patel, Robert E. Ratner, Adam T. Whaley-Connell, Mark E. Molitch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus have grown significantly throughout the world, due primarily to the increase in type 2 diabetes. This overall increase in the number of people with diabetes has had a major impact on development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most frequent complications of both types of diabetes. DKD is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for approximately 50% of cases in the developed world. Although incidence rates for ESRD attributable to DKD have recently stabilized, these rates continue to rise in high-risk groups such as middle-aged African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. The costs of care for people with DKD are extraordinarily high. In the Medicare population alone, DKD-related expenditures among this mostly older group were nearly $25 billion in 2011. Due to the high human and societal costs, the Consensus Conference on Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes was convened by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American Society of Nephrology and the National Kidney Foundation to appraise issues regarding patient management, highlighting current practices and new directions. Major topic areas in DKD included 1) identification and monitoring, 2) cardiovascular disease and management of dyslipidemia, 3) hypertension and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and mineralocorticoid receptor blockade, 4) glycemia measurement, hypoglycemia, and drug therapies, 5) nutrition and general care in advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, 6) children and adolescents, and 7) multidisciplinary approaches and medical home models for health care delivery. This current state summary and research recommendations are designed to guide advances in care and the generation of new knowledge that will meaningfully improve life for people with DKD.
Endothelin homeostasis during liver transplantation
Authors: C GANDHI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Isoprostanes are a family of prostaglandin (PG) F and E isomers generated by free-radical attack from membrane bound arachidonic acid. We measured detectable levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the perfusates of synaptosomes obtained from different areas of the rat brain cortex. A small but significant release of this isoprostane was found under basal conditions from all the areas explored; being lower in the dorsal cortex in respect to the frontal, parietal and occipital areas. Exposure of synaptosomes to a phospholipase A2 activator, i.e. calcium-ionophore A23187, an oxidant agent, such as hydrogen peroxide or amyloid β–peptide did not modify 8-iso-PGF2α release when these stimuli were applied separately. However, either hydrogen peroxide or amyloid β–peptide increased 8-iso-PGF2α release in a dose-dependent manner, when given in the presence of the calcium-ionophore A23187. Synaptosome treatment with a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (fenoprofen) did not modify 8-iso-PGF2α release in any way, but treatment with a water soluble antioxidant (Trolox C) completely suppressed isoprostane release under basal conditions, as well as after the oxidant injury induced either by hydrogen peroxide or amyloid β-peptide. We conclude that, in neuronal endings, 8-iso-PGF2α is generated under basal conditions and its formation may be increased in a dose-dependent fashion by oxidant stimuli through a cyclooxygenase-independent mechanism involving free radical-catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid on membrane phospholipids.
The demographic timebomb
Authors: V. S. Raleigh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The apocalyptic forecasts about the economic consequences of population aging are unduly alarmist. Despite increasing life expectancy, the proportion of the British population aged over 60 increased from 19% in 1971 to only 20.5% in 1994.1 This was a much smaller increase than that of preceding decades because of offsetting trends among the elderly population.

The number and proportion of young elderly people (aged 60-69) actually fell during this period, whereas the number of older elderly people (over 75) increased by almost 50% from 4.7% of the total population to 6.8%. (However, these national aggregates conceal considerable variations in the age structures of local populations. For example, in parts of inner London 14% of the population is aged over 60, whereas in some local authorities in the south west and south east of England the proportion is up to 35%.2)

Demographic events have demographic repercussions for several decades thereafter. The fall in …