tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Decreases Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Evi M. Mercken, Geja J. Hageman, Annemie M. W. J. Schols, Marco A. Akkermans, Aalt Bast, Emiel F. M. Wouters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The effect of exercise at different intensities as well as the effect of intensive supervised pulmonary rehabilitation on oxidative stress were studied for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eleven patients with COPD and 11 healthy age-matched control subjects performed a maximal and submaximal exercise cycle ergometry test at 60% of peak workload. Patients with COPD performed these tests before and after 8 wk of pulmonary rehabilitation. Measurements were done before, immediately after, and 4 h after both exercise tests. At rest, increased oxidative stress was observed in patients compared with control subjects, as measured by urinary malondialdehyde (MDA; p < 0.05) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in breath condensate (p < 0.05). In healthy control subjects, a significant increase in urinary MDA was observed 4 h after both exercise tests (p = 0.05), whereas H2O2 significantly increased immediately after maximal exercise (p < 0.05). In patients with COPD, before rehabilitation, reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, urinary MDA, and plasma uric acid were significantly increased after both exercise tests (p < 0.05), whereas no significant increase was observed in plasma MDA. In contrast, exhaled H2O2 was only significantly increased after maximal exercise (p < 0.02). Although after rehabilitation peak workload was increased by 24%, a similar oxidative stress response was found. Remarkably, a decrease in reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage was detected after exercise at submaximal intensity despite increased exercise duration of 73%. In summary, patients with COPD had increased pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress both at rest and induced by exercise. In addition, pulmonary rehabilitation increased exercise capacity and was associated with reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Roentgenologic Diagnosis: A Complement in Radiology to the Beeson and McDermott Textbook of Medicine
Authors: John L. McClenahan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<b>Principles of Diagnostic Radiology: Companion Volume to Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine,</b>by E. James Potchen, P. Ruben Koehler, and David O. Davis, 571 pp, with illus, $29.50, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971. <i>Roentgenologic Diagnosis</i>, which appeared a little more than four years ago, has been entirely rewritten in its second edition, with 400 pictures added, together with a new section dealing with the environmental causes of disease. It is a mark of the authors' skill that they could do this while adding very little to the weight of two comprehensive and lavishly illustrated volumes. The range of this atlas by Teplick and Haskin sweeps from the most ordinary lesions to the most exotic— from the Empty Sella to the Madura Foot. Nothing is swept under the rug. As the authors sensibly point out, rarities that open our eyes deserve more space than warts. Drs. Teplick and Haskin were
Patients' perceptions of need for primary health care services: useful for priority setting?
Authors: J. L Hopton, M. Dlugolecka
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the feasibility of using patients9 perceptions of need for primary health care services to develop priorities. <b>Design</b>: A postal survey of a random sample of 3478 patients registered with five general practices. <b>Setting</b>: Lothian, Scotland. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Comparison of rankings of 36 different kinds of help or advice according to (a) popularity in the sample size as a whole and in healthy and unhealthy subgroups and (b) health status (severity of need) of potential service users. <b>Results</b>: Popularity rankings differed between the healthy and unhealthy subgroups and the whole sample. Popularity rankings were almost the inverse of rankings based on health status. The analysis identified two areas of substantial need both in terms of popularity and severity: pain management and advice about welfare benefits. <b>Conclusions</b>: Methodological efforts to ensure equal participation in the processes of assessing health needs and of priority setting do not in themselves promote equity. To promote equity some opinions may need to be given greater weight. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages The ranked popularity of services was different for a group of healthy people than for a group of unhealthy people Priorities for services based on popularity were different from those based on severity of need A great danger exists that the needs of minority groups are neglected if too much emphasis is placed on giving everyone an equal say All methods of assessment of health needs and priority setting should be explicit about principles of equity
Population Pharmacokinetics of Trastuzumab-DM1, a First-in-Class HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Given Every 3 Weeks (q3w) and Weekly (qw) to Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).
Authors: P. LoRusso, S. Girish, H. Burris, M. Beeram, S. Vukelja, S. Modi, J. Yi, B. Wang, O. Saad, M. Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundTrastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1) is a first-in-class HER2 antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) in development for the treatment of HER2-postive MBC. T-DM1 is composed of trastuzumab (Herceptin®), DM1, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization derived from maytansine, and the stable MCC linker that conjugates DM1 and trastuzumab. T-DM1 has been tested at multiple dose levels in a Phase I trial: q3w (0.3–4.8 mg/kg) and weekly (1.2–2.9 mg/kg), and in two subsequent Phase II trials with T-DM1 administered as a single agent at 3.6 mg/kg q3w. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for T-DM1 conjugate was developed using pooled PK data from these trials to estimate typical PK parameter values and inter-patient variability in patients with HER2-positive MBC. The model was further developed to explore and quantify the effect of body size and pathophysiologic covariates on the pharmacokinetics of T-DM1 to better understand the clinical factors that might affect safety for individual patients.MethodsFor the current analysis, 2935 T-DM1 serum concentration–time datapoints from 167 patients were simultaneously fitted using NONMEM® software. T-DM1 concentration-time data to date are best described using a two-compartment linear model. All relevant and plausible covariates likely to have an effect on T-DM1 systemic exposure, e.g., body size covariates (body weight [BW], body surface area [BSA], and body mass index [BMI]), albumin, liver enzymes, creatinine clearance, tumor burden, baseline trastuzumab levels, HER2ECD, concomitant medications, etc., will be explored for possible correlation with the parameters in the model. In addition, the effect of selected covariates on the pharmacokinetics of DM1 is also explored.ResultsEstimated PK parameters for T-DM1 from the base population PK model with data available to date are: clearance (CL) 0.75 L/day, central distribution volume (V1) 3.37 L, peripheral volume (V2) 1.04 L, and inter-compartmental clearance (Q) 0.92 L/day. Inter-individual variability on CL, V1, and V2 was 26%, 17%, and 66%, respectively. Preliminary univariate covariate analysis suggests that body size metric (BSA, WT, BMI) has an influence on exposure of T-DM1. Albumin and tumor burden also appear to influence the clearance of T-DM1. Additional covariate analysis is ongoing. Results of the updated PK model and covariate analysis based on ongoing Phase II trials will be presented at the meeting.ConclusionsModerate inter-individual variability for the estimated PK parameters was observed. The model incorporating all available PK data from Phase I and II trials will help identify clinical factors, from the covariates studied, that affect the pharmacokinetics of T-DM1 and thus potentially, the safety of T-DM1 in individual patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5099.
The relationship between B-type natriuretic peptide, heart structure, and function in 4,300 patients with heart failure enrolled to Val-HeFT
Authors: Roberto Latini, Serge Masson, Lidia Staszewsky, Aldo P. Maggioni, Alberto Volpi, Simona Barlera, Inderjit S. Anand, Allen Hester, Maylene Wong, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Jip L. Tolenaar, Whit Froehlich, Frederik H.W. Jonker, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Vincenzo Rampoldi, Thomas T. Tsai, Eduardo Bossone, Arturo Evangelista, Patrick O’Gara, Linda Pape, Dan Montgomery, Eric M. Isselbacher, Christoph A. Nienaber, Kim A. Eagle, Santi Trimarchi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— The outcome of patients with acute type B aortic dissection (ABAD) is strongly related to their clinical presentation. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors for mortality among patients presenting with ABAD and to create a predictive model to estimate individual risk of in-hospital mortality using the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Methods and Results— All patients with ABAD enrolled in IRAD between 1996 and 2013 were included for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate predictors of in-hospital mortality. Significant risk factors for in-hospital death were used to develop a prediction model. A total of 1034 patients with ABAD were included for analysis (673 men; mean age, 63.5±14.0 years), with an overall in-hospital mortality of 10.6%. In multivariable analysis, the following variables at admission were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality: increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.06; P =0.044), hypotension/shock (OR, 6.43; 95% CI, 2.88–18.98; P =0.001), periaortic hematoma (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.38–6.78; P =0.006), descending diameter ≥5.5 cm (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.87–12.73; P &lt;0.001), mesenteric ischemia (OR, 9.03; 95% CI, 3.49–23.38; P &lt;0.001), acute renal failure (OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.68–7.75; P =0.001), and limb ischemia (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.05–8.68; P =0.040). Based on these multivariable results, a reliable and simple bedside risk prediction tool was developed. Conclusions— We present a simple prediction model using variables that are independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with ABAD. Although it needs to be validated in an independent population, this model could be used to assist physicians in their choice of management and for informing patients and their families.
Choice of oseltamivir in 2009 flu pandemic was "worrying," says MP
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The MP Margaret Hodge has expressed dismay at the government’s decision in 2009 to stockpile oseltamivir (sold as Tamiflu) in preparation for a flu pandemic despite uncertainty over the drug’s effectiveness.

Hodge, who chairs the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, said she was also appalled at the “squandering” of £74m (€86m; $112m) of taxpayers’ money when 6.5 million doses of oseltamivir had to be written off because of the NHS’s poor record keeping on how the drug was stored during the 2009-10 pandemic. “There is simply no excuse for this waste,” she said.

Hodge was responding to a memorandum from the National Audit Office written to inform members of her committee on how drugs are licensed and the reasoning behind the decision of the Department of …
Evaluation of the iron chelation potential of hydrazones of pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde using the hepatocyte in culture
Authors: Erica Baker, Des Richardson, Sharon Gross, Prem Ponka
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

A range of new analogues of the promising iron chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone was prepared and assessed for activity in reducing hepatocyte iron, mechanism of action and potential in iron-chelation therapy. A total of 45 compounds were synthesized by condensation of aromatic aldehydes (pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde) with various acid hydrazides prepared by systematic substitutions on the benzene ring or by the replacement of the ring with an acetyl, pyridyl, furoyl or thiophene moiety. The effects of these compounds on 59Fe uptake and intracellular distribution in hepatocytes in culture and on 59Fe mobilization from prelabeled hepatocytes were assessed. Toxicity, lipophilicity and the ability to chelate plasma transferrin-bound 59Fe were also evaluated. Several compounds were much more active than pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and may have clinical potential. These included pyridoxal benzoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal p-methoxybenzoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal m-fluorobenzoyl hydrazone and pyridoxal 2-pyridyl hydrazone. All were more effective at reducing iron uptake than mobilizing hepatocyte iron; they also may act primarily on the transit iron pool rather than on storage iron. Other compounds (e.g., salicylaldehyde p-t-butyl-benzoyl hydrazone) redistributed ferritin-59Fe to different intracellular sites but had little net effect on hepatocyte iron levels.
Hill-Sachs Lesion on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Gary A. Ulaner, Sanjit Tewari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A woman with colon cancer underwent FDG PET/CT. Images demonstrated an FDG-avid lytic defect in the posterosuperior right humeral head, without other suspicious lesions. Because it is rare for bone to be the first metastatic site in patients with colon cancer, additional clinical history was sought. The patient experienced chronic right-shoulder anterior dislocations. The diagnosis of Hill-Sachs lesion was made. A Hill-Sachs lesion is a depression in the posterosuperior aspect of the humeral head caused by impaction of the humeral head against the anterior scapular glenoid during anterior shoulder dislocation. FDG-avid Hill-Sachs lesions must be distinguished from malignancy.
Hypertension Associated with a Renin-Secreting Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Michael C. Ruddy, Steven A. Atlas, Felix G. Salerno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Renin production and secretion by neoplastic tissue was first documented by Robertson et al. in 1967.1 Since then, reports have appeared of more than a dozen additional cases of renin-secreting benign hemangiopericytomas of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In addition, malignant renal tumors have occasionally been implicated as sources of renin production.10 11 12 13 There have been only two well-documented reports of renin secretion by neoplastic tissues of nonrenal origin.14 , 15 In this report, we describe an instance of hypertension induced by a renin-secreting pancreatic carcinoma.The renin present in the tumor and plasma of this patient was immunologically and biochemically quite similar to . . .
A CASE OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Authors: J. E. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1930)

71 IV ....... 47 5 10It is to be observed that tbe oider of severity is similar to that of otlher workers.The numbers, of cour se, are Small, an11d1 may be inisufficient for an exact statistical statement, but it is inter estiiiv to note that the deatl rate in Group IV is as low as 10 per cent.S i t n, iii a ry.1.A br-ief review of the inicidenice of tile differenit types of lneumococci iss tukbi pss-ussIusIiaaccoirding to a iuniuber of observers from 1913 to date is given.2. The incidence of pneumniococCus types in 186 patients suffering from acuite lobar plneumiionia in Edinburgh during the past eighteen months is recorided, anld also the mor- talitv rates associated with the differenit types.
Combining Information from Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Polymorphisms Improves Disease Prediction
Authors: Michael N Weedon, Mark I McCarthy, Graham Hitman, Mark Walker, Christopher J Groves, Eleftheria Zeggini, N. William Rayner, Beverley Shields, Katharine R Owen, Andrew T Hattersley, Timothy M Frayling
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

A limited number of studies have assessed the risk of common diseases when combining information from several predisposing polymorphisms. In most cases, individual polymorphisms only moderately increase risk (approximately 20%), and they are thought to be unhelpful in assessing individuals' risk clinically. The value of analyzing multiple alleles simultaneously is not well studied. This is often because, for any given disease, very few common risk alleles have been confirmed.
Salicylate Hepatotoxicity and HL-A W27
Authors: PETER SCHULMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1976Salicylate Hepatotoxicity and HL-A W27PETER SCHULMAN, M.D.PETER SCHULMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-6-754_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Doctor Ricks, in a recent leter in this ournal (1), presents a patient with Reiter's syndrome in whom hepatotoxicity developed with less than massive doses of salicylates. He suggests that the genetic marker or markers for hepatic sensitivity to the drug and for the HL-A W27 histocompatability antigen may be closely related. Was tissue typing done in this case? That marker's absence, or the presence of another distinct histocompatibility antigen, in such cases, might identify a subgroup of patients with Reiter's syndrome in whom salicylates should be avoided....Reference1. RICKS W: Salicylate hepatotoxicity in Reiter's syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 84:52-53, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Elizabeth's Hospital 736 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02135 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatology and Joint Diseases 1 June 1976Volume 84, Issue 6Page: 754-754KeywordsAntigensDrugsGeneticsMajor histocompatibility antigensReactive arthritisSalicylates Issue Published: 1 June 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists: the first anti-integrin receptor therapeutics.
Authors: B S Coller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The platelet glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa ( ␣ IIb ␤ 3 ) antagonist c7E3 Fab (the Fab fragment of the mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3; abciximab; ReoPro™) was approved for human use in the United States in December 1994 based on its safety and its efficacy in reducing the risk of ischemic complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 1 angioplasty or atherectomy) (1, 2).The success of this agent reflects our emerging ability to identify adhesion molecules as therapeutic targets, and then construct effective inhibitors that meet the stringent safety standards required for a new drug.As the first rationally designed antiplatelet and anti-integrin receptor drug, c7E3 Fab serves as a prototype for other anti-integrin receptor, and more generally, antiadhesion receptor, agents designed to treat and/or prevent human disease.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Exposure and Diabetes: Results from the Anniston Community Health Survey
Authors: Allen E. Silverstone, Paula F. Rosenbaum, Ruth S. Weinstock, Scott M. Bartell, Herman R. Foushee, Christie Shelton, Marian Pavuk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) manufactured in Anniston, Alabama, from 1929 to 1971 caused significant environmental contamination. The Anniston population remains one of the most highly exposed in the world.Objectives: Reports of increased diabetes in PCB-exposed populations led us to examine possible associations in Anniston residents.Methods: Volunteers (n = 774) from a cross-sectional study of randomly selected households and adults who completed the Anniston Community Health Survey also underwent measurements of height, weight, fasting glucose, lipid, and PCB congener levels and verification of medications. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationships between PCBs and diabetes, adjusting for diabetes risk factors. Participants with prediabetes were excluded from the logistic regression analyses.Results: Participants were 47% African American, 70% female, with a mean age of 54.8 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 27% in the study population, corresponding to an estimated prevalence of 16% for Anniston overall; the PCB body burden of 35 major congeners ranged from 0.11 to 170.42 ppb, wet weight. The adjusted OR comparing the prevalence of diabetes in the fifth versus first quintile of serum PCB was 2.78 (95% CI: 1.00, 7.73), with similar associations estimated for second through fourth quintiles. In participants &lt; 55 years of age, the adjusted OR for diabetes for the highest versus lowest quintile was 4.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 20.6), whereas in those ≥ 55 years of age, we observed no significant associations with PCBs. Elevated diabetes prevalence was observed with a 1 SD increase in log PCB levels in women (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.28); a decreased prevalence was observed in men (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.41).Conclusions: We observed significant associations between elevated PCB levels and diabetes mostly due to associations in women and in individuals &lt; 55 years of age.
A Phase II Randomized Study of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin or Cisplatin against Chemo-Naive Inoperable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Yuh-Min Chen, Reury-Perng Perng, Chun-Ming Tsai, Jacqueline Whang-Peng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Abstract 4575: Three-gene diagnostic classifier for ALK negative ALCL
Authors: Elisa Pellegrino, Elisabetta Mereu, Luca Agnelli, Tania Limongi, Ivo Kwee, Javeed Iqbal, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Antonino Neri, John C Chan, Stefano Pileri, Francesco Bertoni, Giorgio Inghirami, Roberto Piva
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCL) comprise approximately 12% of all T-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (T-NHL), representing a heterogeneous group whose definition, origin and relationship with other T-NHL remains controversial. The notion that ALCL strongly express CD30, and display recurrent chromosomal translocations involving the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene, led to recognition of two subsets, according to ALK expression. Although ALK positive ALCL can be readily diagnosed, ALK negative ALCL still lack unique genetic features and their distinction from other CD30 positive Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (PTCL) is not trivial. To unravel the regulatory network underlying lymphomagenesis of ALCL, and to discover new genomic classifiers for the recognition of ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL patients, we undertook a systematic approach of pathway discovery through a gene expression profiling meta-analysis of 309 cases, using data generated by five sets of experiments. In agreement with previous studies, unsupervised analyses were not able to distinguish ALCL from the other T-NHL categories. However, pathway discovery and prediction analyses defined a minimum set of genes useful for the stratification of ALK negative ALCL and strengthened the hypothesis that ALCL correspond to a distinctive pathological subgroup within T-NHL. Application of RT-qPCR in independent data sets of cryo-preserved and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples confirmed the gene expression profiling predictions and validated a simple model based on the measurement of three genes. These data suggest the possibility to translate RT-qPCR protocols to routine clinical settings as a new approach to precisely define T-NHL and to select more appropriate therapeutic protocols. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4575. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4575