tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appropriate use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--a prospective audit. Steering Group of the Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Audit Committee.
Authors: M A Quine, G D Bell, R F McCloy, H B Devlin, A Hopkins
Journal: Gut (1994)

Work by this group has shown that there is a wide range of opinion as to patients' suitability for endoscopy. In a recent study, 1297 questionnaires were sent to a random selection of doctors, including 350 general physicians, 400 surgeons, 477 gastroenterologists, and 70 general practitioners. The respondent was asked to indicate whether or not he would refer the patient described by each case vignette for endoscopy. Depending on the indication, the positive referral rate varied from 4.5% to 99% overall, and from 4.5% to 63.8% for all those clinical situations that the working party felt to be inappropriate. A second study examined the appropriateness of 400 consecutive cases referred from four units within one health region; these cases were judged independently, and without conferring, by a panel of seven gastroenterologists. The same cases were rated by software that incorporated American opinion (the Rand criteria). Although only 45 (11%) of the cases were classed as inappropriate by the British panel, 120 cases (31%) assessed by the American software were rated inappropriate. These differences occurred largely because in the USA it is recommended that one month's antiulcer treatment be tried before considering endoscopy for dyspepsia and thus many referrals were seen as inappropriate by the American database. Of the 45 cases found to be inappropriate by the British doctors no important abnormality was found at endoscopy; whereas of 120 cases judged inappropriate by the Rand criteria, three duodenal and two gastric ulcers, and one gastric cancer were diagnosed at gastroscopy. This study attempts a quantitative assessment of inappropriate use and serves to encourage further work to define appropriateness.
Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose and amino acid metabolism in the awake fasted rat. Comparison with insulin.
Authors: R Jacob, E Barrett, G Plewe, K D Fagin, R S Sherwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To elucidate the acute metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), we administered a primed (250 micrograms/kg), continuous (5 micrograms/kg.min) infusion of human recombinant (Thr 59) IGF-I or saline to awake, chronically catheterized 24-h fasted rats for 90 min. IGF-I was also infused while maintaining euglycemia (glucose clamp technique) and its effects were compared to those of insulin. IGF-I infusion caused a twofold rise in IGF-I levels and a 75-85% decrease in plasma insulin. When IGF-I alone was given, plasma glucose fell by 30-40 mg/dl (P less than 0.005) due to a transient twofold increase (P less than 0.05) in glucose uptake; hepatic glucose production and plasma FFA levels remained unchanged. IGF-I infusion with maintenance of euglycemia produced a sustained rise in glucose uptake and a marked stimulation of [3-3H]glucose incorporation into tissue glycogen, but still failed to suppress glucose production and FFA levels. IGF-I also produced a generalized 30-40% reduction in plasma amino acids, regardless of whether or not hypoglycemia was prevented. This was associated with a decrease in leucine flux and a decline in the incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into muscle and liver protein (P less than 0.05). When insulin was infused in a dosage that mimicked the rise in glucose uptake seen with IGF-I, nearly identical changes in amino acid metabolism occurred. However, insulin suppressed glucose production by 65% and FFA levels by 40% (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, insulin was less effective than IGF-I in promoting glycogen synthesis. We conclude that (a) IGF-I produces hypoglycemia by selectively enhancing glucose uptake; (b) IGF-I is relatively ineffective in suppressing hepatic glucose production or FFA levels; and (c) IGF-I, like insulin, lowers circulating amino acids by reducing protein breakdown rather than by stimulating protein synthesis. Thus, IGF-I's metabolic actions in fasted rats are readily distinguished from insulin.
Influence of the Basophil Selection Strategy and Death Cells Exclusion in BAT for Nsaids Patients
Authors: Tahía Fernández, Ana Aranda, Inmaculada Doña, Maria J. Torres, Lidia Melendez, Maria I. Montañez, Enrique Gómez, Miguel Blanca, Cristobalina Mayorga
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Secondary R Waves in Right Precordial Leads in Normal Persons and in Patients with Cardiac Disease
Authors: FERNANDO A. TAPIA, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Secondary R waves in leads V 1 or V 3R are definitely abnormal if the primiary R wave is high for the age group even though the R' is small; if the secondary R wave is more than 6 mm.; or if the R'/S ratio exceeds 1. Other patterns may be found both in patients with heart disease and in normal subjects. In the abnormal cases, the QRS changes persist in leads taken below but in line with V 1 and V 3R ; but in normal cases, the secondary R waves usually disappear in the lower leads.
THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND THE HYPOTHESIS OF RECIPROCAL COMPLEMENTARITY
Authors: A. H. HOBBS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

Modern as well as ancient attempts to explain phenomena associated with drinking give rise to numerous inconsistencies. Such inconsistencies, I contend, can be resolved only by inclusion of the social factor. The hypothesis of reciprocal complementarity is a technique which includes the social factor, both as external reality and as internally incorporated into patterns in the neopallium. Internal and external homeostatic equilibria are a function of patterns which involve these social elements as well as the functioning of other mental levels and physiological processes. In this interpretation chronic alcoholism is not, in principle, different from mental disorder (which also, now, is socially defined). Such and similar conditions can be interpreted as a disruption of homeostasis between individual urges and the social controls. As these controls continue to expand and lose their definition(14) these imbalances, in one form or another, will increase. A reduction in such pathologies might be ultimately attained through methods of child-rearing and education which contribute toward the formation of firm and consistent neopallial patterns of morality and ethics. Such patterns, however, must involve more than a patch-work of arbitrary conventions. They must, within the limits of the capacity of the individual, allow for expression of the integrity of the person as well as for maintenance of the social controls. Meantime, some of the principles of AA treatment might, with profit, be incorporated into the therapy applied to mentally disordered patients.
Fungus Infection in Steroid-Treated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Veerasamy K. G. Pillay
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Fungus infection occurred in 12 steroid-treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Candida albicans was the fungus most commonly isolated. Disseminated infection occurred in four patients, and fungus infection contributed to the death of eight. The clinical characteristics of fungus infection include pulmonary symptoms, pyrexia, and progressive deterioration in the clinical state of the patient. Early diagnosis is dependent on persistent search for the infecting fungi. Predisposing factors include the underlying disease, uremia, superficial wounds, and the use of antibiotics, steroids, and immunosuppressive agents. Prevention is dependent on judicious use of antibiotics, vigorous treatment of wounds, and cautious use of steroids.
(37) Erythroderma and vasculitis
Authors: D.I. Vollum
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article (37) Erythroderma and vasculitis Get access D.I. Vollum D.I. Vollum Lewisham Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue s14, 1 December 1976, Page 74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07925.x Published: 01 December 1976
THE ANTIGEN TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: R. Aidin
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Embolism of the retina is not a very rare misfortune, and, by the unv&rying.law of chance, aeertain pereentage of cases end later by Bright's disease.Ex`amination of a number of these might throw light on the etiology of monocular retinitis.
Antigen induced suppression in peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: H R Dalton, P Hoang, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1992)

Using an autologous system, suppressor cell function to a range of mycobacterial antigens and Kunin antigen of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lamina propria lymphocytes has been investigated in normal subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In the peripheral blood there was reduced antigen induced suppression in patients with Crohn9s disease in remission to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, purified protein derivative (PPD), M fortuitum, and Kunin antigens (p less than 0.05). In patients with ulcerative colitis in remission there was reduced antigen induced suppression in the peripheral blood to Kunin antigen (p less than 0.001), M avium (p less than 0.01), M nonchromogenecin, and M fortuitum (p less than 0.05). The phenomenon of antigen induced suppression was largely CD8 dependent, as depleting CD8+ cells reduced the effect and the concentration of soluble CD8 in the culture supernatant was directly related to the suppressor index (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05). These results are likely to be a true reflection of the cell mediated response to antigen as patients with a positive Mantoux skin test have a significantly higher suppressor index to PPD than Mantoux negative subjects (p less than 0.05). These findings may have significance in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, a similar effect could not be shown in the lamina propria lymphocytes of patients having colectomy for active disease.
Advocates for those who suffer in silence
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Left unattended in a hot bath, Geoffrey McConnell inhaled some bubble bath and slowly slipped into a coma. He never recovered, dying some hours later in hospital. His mother describes this event as the final act of neglect in a lifelong history of abuse. Geoffrey was born with cerebral palsy and had been “cared” for in eight different homes and institutions during his 29 years. According to his family, he had been treated very much as a person without desire or opinion. Despite his age and obvious intelligence he was treated as a young child for much of his adult life.

But this story is not simply about abuse …
The Press Embargo-Reply
Authors: James Stacey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Reinecke's reaction to the press embargo naturally gives one pause. The prospect of saving thousands of lives is as appealing as the certainty of hindsight. One wonders who put up the plaque celebrating Kennedy's embargo break, just as one wonders how many hopes as well as lives might have been lost had Kennedy been wrong about the actual date of the end of World War II. A predecessor in the field, Roy Howard of United Press, wired that World War I ended at 11 AM on Nov 7 instead of Nov 11. United Press was stigmatized by the mistake for more than 20 years, although no one blamed Howard for lives lost between Nov 7 and 11. Mr Catalano's support of the embargo system for information from medical journals is appreciated.
A Critical Discussion of the Recorded Form of the Fast Vital Capacity Record
Authors: L. Bernstein
Journal: Thorax (1954)

Considering the first two of these possibilities, the Knipping spirometer is known to possess considerable errors for recording tidal ventilation at respiratory rates over 35 respirations per minute (Bernstein and Mendel, 1951) whereas the new spirometer is known to be very much more on August 11, 2023 by guest.
Extent of Cardiac Sympathetic Neuronal Damage Is Determined by the Area of Ischemia in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Ichiro Matsunari, Ullrich Schricke, Frank M. Bengel, Hans-Ullrich Haase, Petra Barthel, Georg Schmidt, Stephan G. Nekolla, Albert Schoemig, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Prior studies have demonstrated that acute ischemic injury causes sympathetic neuronal damage exceeding the area of necrosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sympathetic neuronal damage measured by 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging would be determined by the area of ischemia as reflected by area at risk in patients undergoing reperfusion therapy for acute coronary syndromes. Methods and Results —In 12 patients, the myocardium at risk was assessed by 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT before reperfusion, and infarct size was measured by follow-up 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT 1 week later. All patients also underwent 123 I-MIBG SPECT within a mean of 11 days after onset. The SPECT image analysis was based on a semiquantitative polar map approach. Defect size on the 123 I-MIBG or 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT was measured for the left ventricle (LV) with the use of a threshold of −2.5 SD from the mean value of a normal database and was expressed as %LV. The 123 I-MIBG defect size (47±18%LV) was larger than the infarct size (27±23%LV, P &lt;0.001) but was similar to the risk area (49±18%LV, P =NS). Furthermore, the 123 I-MIBG defect size was closely correlated with the risk area ( r =0.905, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Sympathetic neuronal damage measured by 123 I-MIBG SPECT is larger than infarct size and is closely related to risk area, suggesting high sensitivity of neuronal structures to ischemia compared with myocardial cells.
Galectin-3 Regulates a Molecular Switch from N-Ras to K-Ras Usage in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein, Tomer Cooks, Avraham Raz, Yoel Kloog
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a pleiotropic carbohydrate-binding protein, is a selective binding partner of activated K-Ras-GTP. Because both proteins are antiapoptotic and associated with cancer progression, we questioned the possible functional role of Gal-3 in K-Ras activation. We found that overexpression of Gal-3 in human breast cancer cells (BT-549/Gal-3) coincided with a significant increase in wild-type (wt) K-Ras-GTP coupled with loss in wt N-Ras-GTP, whereas the nononcogenic Gal-3 mutant proteins [Gal-3(S6E) and Gal-3(G182A)] failed to induce the Ras isoform switch. Only wt Gal-3 protein coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with oncogenic K-Ras, resulting in its activation with radical alterations in Ras signaling pathway, whereby the activation of AKT and Ral was suppressed and shifted to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Specific inhibitors for Ras or mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase (farnesylthiosalicylic acid and UO126, respectively) inhibited Gal-3–mediated apoptotic resistance and anchorage-independent growth functions. In conclusion, this study shows that Gal-3 confers on BT-549 human breast carcinoma cells several oncogenic functions by binding to and activation of wt K-Ras, suggesting that some of the molecular functions of Gal-3 are, at least in part, a result of K-Ras activation.
Ethical issues in isolating people treated for Ebola
Authors: M. Devnani, Y. Guo
Journal: BMJ (2015)

In India a symptom-free man returning from Liberia after being treated for Ebola virus disease (EVD) was recently put into isolation because his semen was still positive for the virus.1 2 Even though blood, saliva, and urine samples gave negative results, he will remain in isolation until his semen also tests negative, which could take …
Breast cancer in women who have taken contraceptive steroids.
Authors: P N Matthews, R R Millis, J L Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The prognosis and clinical and pathological findings in 93 patients with breast cancer who had taken contraceptive steroids before diagnosis (study group) were compared with those in 93 control patients, also with breast cancer, matched for age and parity. The tumours in the women in the study group were found to have more favourable clinical and histological features than those in the control group. When only patients who had been treated by radical mastectomy were considered, those who had taken contraceptive steroids survived significantly longer even when differences in nodal state were taken into account. Significantly more patients in the study group had a family history of breast cancer. No evidence was found that taken oral contraceptive steroids had any harmful effect on tumour growth and spread, except possibly in patients with a close family history of breast cancer.
Diabetic dietary prescriptions.
Authors: J. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Diabetic dietary prescriptionsThe cost of oral hypoglycaemic agents could be cut by sensible dietary advice Rigid adherence to a diet very low in carbohydrate and total energy allowed many patients with insulin dependent diabetes to survive for long enough to benefit from the discovery of insulin.Similar but less restrictive advice was the only treatment available for those with non-insulin dependent diabetes until the introduction of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the 1950s.The next two decades saw the introduction of
Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of continuous infusion of levosimendan in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Markku S. Nieminen, Juha Akkila, Gerd Hasenfuss, Franz X. Kleber, Lasse A. Lehtonen, Veselin Mitrovic, Olof Nyquist, Willem J. Remme
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Mismatched or Incompatible?
Authors: G. W. G. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1971)

disquieting on this point.These classes pro- vide nursery facilities for all young handi- capped children from birth and in the presence of normal children and with simultaneous provision for mothers.Few of a sample of 18 classes felt they had a satis- factory relationship with local authorities and contact appears poorest where there is little or no provision.The need for a meaningful dialogue is urgent.-I am, etc.,
THE ENCEPHALOMYELITIC ACTIVITY OF MYELIN ISOLATED BY ULTRACENTRIFUGATION
Authors: Robert H. Laatsch, Marian W. Kies, Spencer Gordon, Ellsworth C. Alvord
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

A relatively simple preparation of guinea pig brain myelin, free of gross contamination by other cellular elements has been described. Electron microscopic evidence of the predominance of membranous (lamellar) forms was used as the criterion of purity of this fraction. The slight mitochondrial contamination of the myelin fraction was confirmed by its low succinic dehydrogenase activity. Quantitative bio-assay of the encephalitogenic activity of myelin showed it to have a higher specific activity than whole guinea pig brain. The low encephalomyelitic activity of the other subcellular constituents (nuclei and mitochondria) which were removed from myelin by ultracentrifugation in 30 per cent sucrose could be explained by a small amount of myelin contamination. A basic protein of high specific encephalitogenic activity has been isolated from myelin by methods previously applied to whole brain. Although the protein is similar to nuclear histones, the following facts point to certain significant differences. Nuclei prepared by a different procedure from the one developed for the isolation of myelin were found to be non-encephalitogenic. Although basic protein could be extracted readily from these nuclei by dilute HCl, the same extraction procedure yielded little extractable protein from whole myelin. Myelin which had been defatted by cold chloroform-methanol yielded a basic protein which was highly encephalitogenic. The evidence presented thus supports the view that there exists in myelin a new basic protein responsible for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, which is distinctly different from nuclear histones. The possible relationship of this protein to myelin structure and function has been discussed.
STUDIES ON FRACTIONS OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Curtis A. Williams, Rene J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Fractionation procedures yielding partially purified vaccine preparations from a 60°C. methanol extract of tubercle bacilli have been described. Some of the preparations have the characteristics of lipopolysaccharides. Certain ones have been found capable of increasing resistance to experimental tuberculosis in albino mice of the Rockefeller Swiss strain. The levels of resistance elicited by these preparations are equivalent to those following vaccination with BCG (Phipps) in this strain of mice as reported by other authors. The admixture of two of the crude fractions in amounts as small as 0.05 mg. each per dose per mouse affords an even greater increase in resistance. Neither of these substances alone in larger doses can approach this degree of efficacy in mouse protection experiments. The protective activity appears to involve the stimulation of two supplementary mechanisms, one providing a peak resistance between 1 and 3 weeks post vaccination but falling off to a lower level thereafter, the other not responding fully until approximately 6 weeks but continuing undiminished through a 12 week post-vaccination period. The first of these peaks corresponds to an increase in resistance against staphylococci as well as tubercle bacilli. The possibility that the term "broad specificity," rather than "non-specificity," might best describe this phenomenon permits the implication of classical immune mechanisms.
SOME EFFECTS OF OVARIECTOMY DURING THE PERIOD OF DECLINING REPRODUCTIVE POWERS IN MICE
Authors: William S. Murray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Cessation of breeding and castration of female mice approaching the period of declining reproductive power have at least two effects upon the subsequent life history of these animals. 1. The average expectation of life is appreciably increased. 2. The incidence of tumor is markedly decreased, especially in the older age groups.
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To avoid obsolescence, the publisher of<i>Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine</i>promises to send the purchaser, free of charge, any material needed to bring these two large, heavy, loose-leaf volumes up to date and to make available annual updates that will replace or add to the existing material with information and insights at the leading edge of these rapidly expanding fields. Dr Bone, his four associate editors, and the many contributors to<i>Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine</i>present an enormous amount of useful, pertinent, interesting, and thought-provoking information. In his overview of the subject, Bone discusses the relationship between muscle fatigue and respiratory failure.
Drug Intoxication and Neurological Episodes in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: G. Richet, E. L. de Novales, P. Verroust
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 178 episodes of neurological derangement in 103 patients with renal failure, only about 40% were due to known causes such as hypertension or electrolyte failure. One-third were due to drug intoxication and no definite aetiology was found for the remainder. Drug intoxication is due partly to the accumulation of a drug normally excreted by the kidney and partly to a greater susceptibility of the central nervous system in uraemic patients. The prognosis is favourable.