tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of graduated compression stockings in deep venous insufficiency.
Authors: J Horner, J Fernandes, E Fernandes, A N Nicolaides
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The effect on elastic stockings on ambulatory venous pressure was investigated in 22 limbs with deep venous insufficiency. The failure of some elastic stockings to reduce the ambulatory venous pressure in some limbs is due to the lack of graduated compression, which is caused by ankle-calf disproportion--narrow ankles and wide calves. This can be recognised by using the pressure-girth profile and corrected by specially made stockings with increased tension at the ankle. A pressure-girth profile established for each stocking enabled the exact compression exerted by the stocking along the length of each limb to be determined. Elastic stockings exerting a graduated compression between ankle and calf induced a reduction in the ambulatory venous pressure in all but one limb. The greater the degree of graduated compression between ankle and calf exerted by the stocking, the greater the fall in ambulatory venous pressure. This may explain the beneficial effect of compression in limbs with venous ulceration.
Diagnosis and prognosis of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation in a general hospital—Meaning of the ISTH score system, fibrin monomers, and lipoprotein–C-reactive protein complex formation
Authors: Ph. Cauchie, Ch. Cauchie, K. Zouaoui Boudjeltia, E. Carlier, N. Deschepper, D. Govaerts, M. Migaud-Fressart, B. Woodhams, D. Brohée
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

The meaning, the utility, and the prognostic significance of the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score and other parameters of coagulation activation including soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC), antithrombin and protein C consumption, and formation of lipoprotein–C-reactive protein (LP–CRP) complexes (MDA slope 1 and flag A2) were evaluated in 165 inpatients from a general hospital for whom DIC testing was required by the attending physicians. Of these 165 patients, 148 had an underlying disease that clearly justified the laboratory request from our systematic post hoc review of the clinical charts. Of these 148 patients, 28 had a positive overt DIC score, 19 had an A2 flag, and 4 had both. The DIC score was strongly related to several major markers of coagulation activation such as D-dimers, thrombin–antithrombin complexes, and soluble fibrin and was inversely related to antithrombin and protein C levels, which began to fall from DIC score 4 or higher. The formation of LP–CRP complexes was only related to Gram-negative sepsis and these patients had a strong inflammatory reaction. Independent risk factors for death were high creatininemia, positive overt DIC score, and/or presence of SFMC. In patients with positive DIC score, SFMC positivity and low levels of antithrombin and/or protein C were additional risk factors. The ISTH overt DIC score proves useful and adequate as a marker for clinically significant DIC. Illness severity is further defined by SFMC, antithrombin, and protein C levels. LP–CRP complexes are related to sepsis but not to actual overt DIC and lethal prognosis. Am. J. Hematol. 81:414–419, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 2765: Genetic variants in immunoregulaion and DNA repair related genes and risk of lymphoma among children in Korea
Authors: Nan Song, Daehee Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although lymphoma is recognized as a cancer of the immune system, little is known regarding a role for genes involved immune system. Genetic susceptibility studies of lymphoma may serve to identify at risk populations and to elucidate important disease mechanisms. In order to estimate the genetic susceptibility for childhood lymphoma, we investigated whether genetic variation 1536 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected in 138 candidate gene regions related to immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA repair. We used the GoldenGate (Illumina) oligonucleotide pool assay (OPA) in 40 cases patients and 254 controls among Korean children. The association study was estimated as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age. The minP test was used to identify statistically significant association at gene level. Five genes (IL1RA, IL2, IL12RB1, JAK3, and TNFRSF13B) in immune response and one gene (XRCC3) in DNA repair had statistical significance (minP &amp;lt; 0.05). In these regions, total twelve SNPs (rs11677140, rs10857092, rs2069762, rs4833248, rs365179, rs3212701, rs3212711, rs7250423, rs3751987, rs3751991, rs4343329, rs861547) were significantly associated the risk of lymphoma (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.05). The most significant association with the risk of lymphoma was seen for IL2 rs2069762 (ORCC/AA = 10.1, 95% CI = 2.4-43.1, Ptrend = 0.002, minP = 0.005). These findings suggest that common genetic variants in immune response and DNA repair related genes might play a role in the genesis of childhood lymphoma with limited biological evidence. Additional larger studies are needed to identify these findings and understand the mechanisms of these genes in childhood lymphoma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2765. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2765
Hydrogen peroxide increases extracellular matrix mRNA through TGF-β in human mesangial cells
Authors: M. Carmen Iglesias-de la Cruz, Piedad Ruiz-Torres, José Alcamí, Luisa Díez-Marqués, Rocío Ortega-Velázquez, Sheldon Chen, Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol, Fuad N. Ziyadeh, Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Thrombosis of the Björk-Shiley Aortic Valve Prosthesis
Authors: Milton J. Sands
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PROSTHETIC heart valve replacement has become routine surgical procedure in the treatment of advanced cases of valvular heart disease. One of the most popular prostheses in current use is the Björk-Shiley low-profile disk valve. The valve consists of a free-floating pyrolite disk contained in a polytefcovered alloy cage. The popularity of the valve stems from the ability of the disk to tilt in the direction of blood flow permitting a central, nearly laminar flow pattern that decreases turbulence and subsequent trauma to RBCs. Recent five-year follow-up data have demonstrated the durability of this valve and a low level of hemolysis.<sup>1</sup>Although initial reports also suggested a low thrombogenic potential,<sup>2</sup>recent reports have described massive thrombosis of the valve, with fixation of the disk.<sup>2-9</sup> <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 79-year-old man underwent valve replacement for aortic stenosis receiving a No. 23 Björk-Shiley prosthetic valve in August 1974. After
How to Prepare and Present a Lecture
Authors: Larry J. Findley
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ANYONE who has attended scientific meetings or taken postgraduate medical courses knows that physicians often give confusing lectures. It is unusual to hear a physician skillfully blend the ingredients of an effective lecture. The goal of this article will be to review the essential ingredients of an enjoyable, memorable, and meaningful lecture. Although these ingredients lend themselves poorly to rigorous scientific analysis, experience shows that these ingredients are inevitably present in all effective lectures. Know and analyze your topic. Be clear about the conclusions that you want your audience to take home and be familiar with the facts that you will invoke to prove your conclusions. Your conclusions form the basis for communication with the audience. For instance, a presentation of many complex clinical trials without some unifying conclusions will frustrate or bore a group of practicing physicians. Even if your conclusions are tentative and controversial, they give the audience
The transstenotic pressure gradient trend as a predictor of acute complications after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Authors: D C Redd, G S Roubin, P P Leimgruber, P Abi-Mansour, J S Douglas, S B King
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The transstenotic pressure gradient recorded during coronary angioplasty (PTCA) reflects the dynamic relationship that exists between coronary blood flow and the effective cross-sectional area of the arterial lumen. An apparent relationship between the dynamic behavior of the pressure gradient and subsequent acute vessel closure was observed in our catheterization laboratory. We therefore examined the usefulness of the pressure gradient trend in predicting acute complications after 463 attempted PTCA procedures. Two pressure gradient trend patterns were identified: (1) a rising trend pattern identified by an increasing pressure gradient in the interval after deflation of the angioplasty, and (2) a stable trend pattern identified by a constant or decreasing pressure gradient. The incidence of acute vessel closure (17% vs 4%, p = .0001), emergency CABG (5.6% versus 1%, p less than .05), and myocardial infarction (13% versus 2%, p less than .0001) after the PTCA procedure was significantly higher among patients with rising trend patterns when compared with patients with stable trend patterns. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors for an acute closure event as rising trend pattern (p less than .001), post-PTCA gradient (p less than .05), and post-PTCA percent diameter stenosis (p less than .02). Independent predictors for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting and myocardial infarction were post-PTCA gradient (p less than .001) and a rising trend pattern (odds ratio = 2.91, p less than .001), respectively. The dynamic behavior of the gradient trend provides additional useful information about the results of dilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EFFECT OF PREINFARCTION ANGINA ON MICROVASCULAR FUNCTION AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY FOR FIRST ANTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Takefumi Takahashi, Yoshikazu Hiasa, Shin-ichiro Miyazaki, Shinobu Hosokawa, Koichi Kishi, Ryuji Ohtani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Shipman proposals will alter general practice profoundly
Authors: J. Holden
Journal: BMJ (2003)

See also p 274 

EDITOR—The proposals for developing a new system for death certification in the discussion paper that has arisen from the Shipman inquiry, will require any death that was not expected in advance to be reported to the medical coroner immediately.1 In our experience of auditing deaths in a small group over 11 years, at least 75% of …
Havens of Refuge: A History of Leprosy in Western Australia
Authors: Robert C. Hastings
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Dr Davidson, a former commissioner of public health for western Australia, provides an exhaustively detailed account of the history of leprosy in the region compiled from the files of the Public Health Department of Western Australia. He traces the probable introduction of the disease into this area by pearling boat crews from Southeast Asia or by Chinese. After initial cases among Chinese in the 1890s, the disease appeared in aborigines, a susceptible population, among whom the current prevalence of the disease in western Australia varies from 9.5 to 62.5 per thousand. A sympathetic account of the social impact of the disease and the considerable favorable impact of the opening of the leprosarium at Derby is provided. Profiles of the principal medical workers of the area are given as well as a wealth of amusing bureaucratic entanglements concerning such things as fees and contracts for transportation of patients, mandatory submerging of
Real-time Fluorescence Tracking of Dynamic Transgene Variegation in Stem Cells
Authors: John Ramunas, Heather J Montgomery, Liam Kelly, Tanya Sukonnik, James Ellis, Eric J Jervis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Transgene variegation is caused by epigenetic switching between expressing and silent states. γ-retrovirus vectors can be variegated in stem cells, but the dynamics of epigenetic remodeling during transgene variegation are unknown. Here, we measured variegated enhanced green fluorescent protein γ-retrovirus expression over 4 days in individual embryonic stem cells while tracking cells in order to create expression lineage trees: 56 colony founder cells and their progeny were tracked over seven generations. Nineteen lineages produced synchronized inheritable trajectories of transgene silencing or reactivation, indicative of epigenetic remodeling with long-term stable inheritance. Short-term fluctuations in fluorescence intensity were also observed, which contributed low-amplitude variation to transgene expression level. These two processes have different frequencies and inheritability, but together contribute to variegated transgene expression. Inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-azacytidine eliminated long-term transgene silencing over 4 days, but short-term fluctuations continued. Our approach applies real-time imaging technology to track the long-term dynamics of transgene expression to investigate the timing and expression patterns leading to variegation. Transgene variegation is caused by epigenetic switching between expressing and silent states. γ-retrovirus vectors can be variegated in stem cells, but the dynamics of epigenetic remodeling during transgene variegation are unknown. Here, we measured variegated enhanced green fluorescent protein γ-retrovirus expression over 4 days in individual embryonic stem cells while tracking cells in order to create expression lineage trees: 56 colony founder cells and their progeny were tracked over seven generations. Nineteen lineages produced synchronized inheritable trajectories of transgene silencing or reactivation, indicative of epigenetic remodeling with long-term stable inheritance. Short-term fluctuations in fluorescence intensity were also observed, which contributed low-amplitude variation to transgene expression level. These two processes have different frequencies and inheritability, but together contribute to variegated transgene expression. Inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-azacytidine eliminated long-term transgene silencing over 4 days, but short-term fluctuations continued. Our approach applies real-time imaging technology to track the long-term dynamics of transgene expression to investigate the timing and expression patterns leading to variegation.
Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development
Authors: Hyun Mi Kang, Seon Ho Ahn, Peter Choi, Yi-An Ko, Seung Hyeok Han, Frank Chinga, Ae Seo Deok Park, Jianling Tao, Kumar Sharma, James Pullman, Erwin P Bottinger, Ira J Goldberg, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Pneumonia: With Special Reference to Pneumococcus Lobar Pneumonia
Authors: Maxwell Finland
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>The Biology of Pneumococcus: The Bacteriological, Biochemical, and Immunological Characters and Activities of Diplococcus Pneumoniae</h3> by Benjamin White, with collaboration of Elliot Sterling Robinson and Laverne Almon Barnes (A Commonwealth Fund Book), 799 pp, 1,593 references (including titles), Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press (second printing of 1938 book), 1979. After being out of print for more than 20 years, these two classics in infectious diseases and microbiology, originally published in 1939 and 1938, respectively, have now been reprinted in response to a growing demand generated, in large part, by the revived interest in the pneumococcus and pneumococcal infections resulting from the recent availability of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. The only deviations from the originals are the addition of a foreword to Heffron's book written by this reviewer, and one to White's book written by Robert Austrian. The books are printed more clearly than the originals; they are handsomely bound in
A prophylactic transfusion program for children with sickle cell anemia complicated by CNS infarction
Authors: Jeanne M. Lusher, Hushang Haghighat, A. Samy Khalifa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract CNS infarction is a devastating complication in sickle cell anemia. Episodes are frequently repetitive and often result in permanent neurologic abnormalities. In an attempt to prevent such recurences a periodic transfusion program was begun at the Children's Hospital of Michigan in 1969. Twenty‐one children currently on the program receive buffy‐coat poor transfusions on an out‐patient basis every 3 weeks. Of 15 who have been on the program for periods of from 9 months to 5 ¾ years, none have had progression of neurologic abnormalities, and several have had definite improvement in neurologic function. One child who was not brought in regularly had recurrent CNS infarction. The only recognized complication has been one instance of serum hepatitis. While such a transfusion of neurologic abnormalities resulting from recurrent CNS infarction in sickle cell anemia.
Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Assessment of Ventriculoatrial Shunt (Gerbode Defect) Complicating Simultaneous Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Mohammed A. Chamsi-Pasha, Samer H. Sayyed, Michael J. Moulton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE BREADTH OF THE PROFESSION OF MEDICINE.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES, AT THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PORTLAND, ORE., JULY 11-14, 1905.
Authors: JAMES H. McBRIDE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

While the past year has been one of general progress in the specialty, there do not appear to have been any notable discoveries. I shall therefore refer in this official address to other matters that may be of interest. In the development of medicine, as elsewhere in the growth of knowledge, investigations that have important results are rare and great discoveries are rarer still. We can not expect that progress shall be a steady onward movement, for of necessity it is irregular. The spiral stair, to use Emerson's phrase, is the law of all growth. All knowledge has had far origins and has come to us by devious paths; there have been pauses, lapses, rests and infinite failures before the goal was reached. I refer to this because in our day we are expectant and a little anxious, if not impatient, that rapid advance be made in medical knowledge, and
Decline in rate of death from ischaemic heart disease in the United Kingdom.
Authors: R F Heller, D Hayward, M S Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The rates of death from ischaemic heart disease in the United Kingdom in the years after 1968 were studied to establish whether any general trend had occurred. A decline in the rates began after 1973-4, was greatest in those aged 35-44 years, and occurred among both men and women and in each of the regions of England and in Wales and Scotland. Total dietary fat intake had started to fall about five years earlier, and this may provide part of the explanation. Changes in smoking habits also occurred but were more difficult to relate to the pattern of change in the death rates. If a general decline in ischaemic heart disease has begun in the United Kingdom a case may be made for close monitoring of changes in lifestyle and medical practice in different demographic groups to try to find the explanation.
Relationship Between Structure and Activity of Endotoxins.
Authors: Abraham I. Braude
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Relationship Between Structure and Activity of Endotoxins.Abraham I. Braude, M.D.Abraham I. Braude, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-734_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe pyrogens, or endotoxins, of gram-negative bacteria are large molecules (molecular weight approximately 200,000) containing three major components: lipids, proteins (or peptides), and polysaccharides. This pyrogenic complex can be extracted from the bacterial cell wall, where it acts as surface A antigen and permits serologic classification of enteric bacteria. The pyrogenic and other toxic properties of endotoxins are not an autonomous property of any one of the three components since toxicity is not appreciably affected by large variations in their relative amounts; instead the combined physicochemical properties of the entire molecule appear to be essential for the characteristic disturbances seen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 734-734KeywordsAntigensBacteriaCell wallsEndotoxinsGram negative bacteriaLipidsPolysaccharidesProteinsToxicity Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3115: Role of nuclear coactivator AIB1 in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis
Authors: Maram A. Al-Otaiby, Hu. Zhangzhi, Anna Riegel, Anton Wellstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The nuclear receptor coactivator oncogene AIB1 (Amplified In Breast Cancer 1) has a clearly defined role in steroid and growth factor signaling in epithelial cells of cancers. Recently, we have demonstrated that AIB1 is functionally required for HER2-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV/Neu mouse model for breast cancer through regulation of HER2 phosphorylation and signaling. Generation of neu/HER2 transgenic mice with either loss of one or both copies of the AIB1 gene resulted in reduced or complete abolition of mammary tumor development, respectively. One very interesting aspect of this study was that the tumors that arose in HER2 AIB1 HET (+/-) mice were phenotypically different from those in HER2 AIB1 WT (+/+) mice in that they were smaller, more necrotic and significantly less vascularized. This data indicated to us the possibility that the role of AIB1 was not confined to the mammary epithelium proliferation but also had major effects on the surrounding stromal cells. In addition, recent expression array data indicated that AIB1 is also overexpressed in human breast cancer stroma which includes the endothelium. In here, we examined the role of AIB1 in endothelial cell function. We demonstrate that reduction of AIB1 levels in endothelial cells cultured in vitro prevents their ability to form endothelial tubes, in conjuction with reduced proliferation and motility. Furthermore, in ECIS (Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing) assay, HUVEC cells with low AIB1 expression loss the ability to form a monolayer on the surface of gold-film electrodes. Consistent with the reduced proliferation that we observed, cDNA array analysis that compared gene expression patterns of HUVEC cells +/- AIB1 shRNA indicates that a number of key cell cycle regulatory genes and cytokines were regulated by reduction in AIB1 levels. Overall these data describe a new role for nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 in the endothelium. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3115