tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein δ Up-regulates Aromatase Promoters I.3/II in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ikuko Kijima, Jingjing Ye, Carlotta Glackin, Shiuan Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the last step of estrogen synthesis. The female hormone, estrogen, is known to stimulate breast cancer cell growth. Because the expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissues is driven by unique promoters I.3 and II, a more complete understanding of the regulatory mechanism of aromatase expression through promoters I.3/II in breast tumors should be valuable in developing targeted therapies, which selectively suppress estrogen production in breast tumor tissue. Results from in vivo footprinting analyses revealed several protein binding sites, numbered 1 to 5. When site 2 (-124/-112 bp, exon I.3 start site as +1) was mutated, promoters I.3/II activity was dramatically reduced, suggesting that site 2 is a positive regulatory element. Yeast one-hybrid screening revealed that a potential protein binding to site 2 was CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBP delta). C/EBP delta was shown to bind to site 2 of aromatase promoters I.3/II in vitro and in vivo. C/EBP delta up-regulated promoters I.3/II activity through this site and, as a result, it also up-regulated aromatase transcription and enzymatic activity. p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor, inhibited C/EBP delta-up-regulated aromatase promoters I.3/II and enzymatic activity. This inhibitory effect of p65 was mediated, in part, through prevention of the C/EBP delta binding to site 2. This C/EBP delta binding site in aromatase promoters I.3/II seems to act as a positive regulatory element in non-p65-overexpressing breast cancer epithelial cells, whereas it is possibly inactive in p65 overexpressing cancer epithelial cells, such as estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.
The Frequency of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Patients with Symptoms of Persistent Fatigue
Authors: Peter Manu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the frequency of the chronic fatigue syndrome among patients with symptoms of fatigue. Design: Prospective, cohort study. Setting: Referral clinic, based in a primary care general internal medicine faculty practice of a university medical center. Patients: Consecutive sample of 135 patients (53 men, 82 women) with 6 months or more of debilitating fatigue. Interventions: All patients had a complete history taken, had a physical examination and a comprehensive battery of blood tests, and were given the Diagnostic Interview Schedule of the National Institute of Mental Health, a highly-structured 260-item instrument designed to enable accurate psychiatric diagnoses. Other diagnostic studies (for example, sleep studies and electroencephalography) were ordered if necessary for individual patients. Measurements and Main Results: Six of the one hundred thirty-five patients met criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (95% CI, 0 to 10). Ninety-one (67%) patients (CI, 56 to 78) had clinically active psychiatric disorders and 4 (3%) patients (CI, 0 to 8) had medical disorders that were considered a major cause of their fatigue. Thirty-four (25%) patients (CI, 14 to 36) had insufficient symptoms or objective findings of the chronic fatigue syndrome. Conclusion: The chronic fatigue syndrome is rare among patients with symptoms of persistent fatigue. Most of these patients have psychiatric disorders.
THE ACHILLES REFLEX AND THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: WILLIAM T. MCKINNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Letters and Comments1 December 1964THE ACHILLES REFLEX AND THYROID FUNCTIONWILLIAM T. MCKINNEY, M.D., ARTHUR J. PRANGE JR., M.D., CARL M. COCHRANE, PH.D.WILLIAM T. MCKINNEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR J. PRANGE JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CARL M. COCHRANE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-6-1196_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: We have read with interest the excellent article by Frank Q. Nutall, M.D., and Richard P. Doe, M.D., "The Achilles Reflex in Thyroid Disorders," in the August issue of the ANNALS. Our article concerning this subject was in press at the same time (McKinney, Prange, and Cochrane. "The Achilles Reflex in an Unselected Psychiatric Population," American Journal of Psychiatry 120: (11) 1964, May 1964).We found the quantitative measurement of the duration of the ankle reflex to be a valuable and reliable method of detecting thyroid disease in our preliminary study. In contrast to the findings of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM T. MCKINNEY, M.D.; ARTHUR J. PRANGEJR., M.D.; CARL M. COCHRANE, PH.D.Affiliations: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1964Volume 61, Issue 6Page: 1196-1196KeywordsAnklesReflexesThyroidThyroid diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Molecular Evidence for Better Therapeutic Efficacy of ABT-627 and Taxotere Combination in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sanjeev Banerjee, Maha Hussain, Zhiwei Wang, Allen Saliganan, Mingxin Che, Daniel Bonfil, Michael Cher, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Bone is the key metastatic site for prostate cancer. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) produced abundantly by prostate cancer cells binds to its receptor present on bone marrow stromal cells and favors osteoblastic response during bone metastases of prostate cancer. This suggests that interrupting ET-1 interaction with its endothelin A (ETA) receptor could be useful for inhibiting prostate cancer bone metastasis and, as such, may enhance the therapeutic activity of docetaxel (Taxotere), the most commonly used drug for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, the goal of our study was to obtain preclinical data supporting our hypothesis that the combined use of ETA receptor antagonist (ABT-627; Atrasentan) with Taxotere will be superior in inducing apoptosis in vitro and inhibiting tumor growth in vivo in a SCID-hu model of experimental bone metastasis induced by C4-2b prostate cancer cells. In vitro studies were done on a panel of prostate cancer cell lines to understand the molecular basis of combination therapy, and we found that the combination was more effective in the inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in LNCaP and C4-2b cells (androgen receptor positive) but not in PC-3 cells. These results were correlated with inactivation of Akt/nuclear factor-κB and its target genes. For in vivo studies, the therapeutic regimen was initiated when the tumor began showing signs of growth and treatment was continued for 5 weeks. Tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen were used as terminal index to evaluate the therapeutic advantage of combination therapy relative to a single regimen and untreated control. At termination, we found a 90% reduction in tumor volume by combination treatment relative to the untreated control group. Most importantly, the antitumor activity was associated with the down-regulation of molecular markers in tumor tissues that were similar to those observed in vitro. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3818–25]
Spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to tetracycline outside the United States of America
Authors: M A Waugh, C J N Lacey, P M Hawkey, J Heritage, A Turner, A E Jephcott
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A propos de 2 observations chez des hommes homosexuels anglais. Etudes sur la souche de Neisseria responsable
Apoptosis-related genes expressed in cardiovascular development and disease: an EST approach
Authors: M Rezvani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is an important process which, in conjunction with cell proliferation, maintains cell number homeostasis. Although apoptosis has been more extensively investigated in other tissues [1,2], only recently has this process been suspected as a significant contributor to both disease and normal development of the cardiovascular system [3–6]. Grasping a comprehension of the underlying genetic mechanisms of apoptosis is especially crucial considering that cardiac myocytes irreversibly exit the cell cycle and thus fail to proliferate during pathological conditions. Despite great strides in understanding the molecular pathways of apoptosis, there still remain numerous questions to be answered. Identifying key genes that are involved in the regulatory process of apoptosis in the cardiovascular system will serve as a basis for creating more effective therapeutic treatments in cardiovascular disease and provide an understanding of how cardiac development is modulated. This review provides a brief summary of recent data implicating genes that may be involved in apoptosis in the cardiovascular system. It also outlines the continued usefulness of large-scale generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to establish expression profiles from the cardiovascular system and as a means of identifying potentially significant apoptotic regulators previously characterized in other tissues but not as yet in the cardiovascular system.
PKC412 overcomes resistance to imatinib in a murine model of FIP1L1-PDGFRα-induced myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Jan Cools, Elizabeth H Stover, Christina L Boulton, Jason Gotlib, Robert D Legare, Sonia M Amaral, David P Curley, Nicole Duclos, Rebecca Rowan, Jeffery L Kutok, Benjamin H Lee, Ifor R Williams, Steven E Coutre, Richard M Stone, Daniel J DeAngelo, Peter Marynen, Paul W Manley, Thomas Meyer, Doriano Fabbro, Donna Neuberg, Ellen Weisberg, James D Griffin, D.Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
The aging thyroid. Increased prevalence of elevated serum thyrotropin levels in the elderly
Authors: C. T. Sawin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Of 344 relatively healthy persons older than 60 years, 22 (5.9%) had a clearly elevated level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) (greater than 10 muU/mL), a finding more common in women than in men. Ten of the 22 had low values for serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) index, but only one had a low value for serum triiodothyronine (T3) or free T3 (FT3) index. A further 14.4% had a slightly elevated level of serum TSH (greater than 5 less than or equal to 10 muU/mL), but none had low values for serum T4 or FT4 index. Age alone has little effect on the measurements of T4; age is associated with slightly lower T3 levels, but only in men 60 years or older or in women 80 years or older. Longitudinal studies should determine if a slightly elevated serum TSH rises further with age and if there is a causal relationship between a high level of serum TSH and cardiovascular disease.
MENINGITIS FOLLOWING TRAUMA TO THE HEAD AND FACE
Authors: Emanuel Appelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The seriousness of infections complicating injuries to the head and face prompted a study of 91 cases of post-traumatic meningitis. While all the injuries were severe, definite evidence of fracture of the skull or nose was noted in only 48 instances. In this series, the interval between the trauma and the development of meningitis ranged from several hours to five years. In addition to the typical symptomatology of meningitis, noted in all the patients, there were 15 instances of rhinorrhea or otorrhea and 13 cases with bleeding from the ears or nose. The pneumococcus was the etiologic agent in 47 instances and various other organisms were found in the remaining cases. The low recovery rate of 5 among 42 patients in the prechemotherapeutic era contrasted sharply with a recovery of 18 among 20 patients on antibiotic therapy. The occurrence of repeated bouts of meningitis in three patients was a disturbing problem.
Terminal Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Supplemental Oxygen
Authors: Scott D. Halpern, John Hansen-Flaschen
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1051 PHASE I TRIAL OF A HIGHLY IMMUNOGENIC T CELL VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS C VIRUS BASED ON NOVEL ADENOVIRAL VECTORS FROM RARE SEROTYPES
Authors: A. Folgori, E. Barnes, S. Aston, K. Smith, A. Brown, M. Ambrosio, V. Ammendola, M. Bartiromo, S. Capone, M. Naddeo, A. Sparacino, L. Siani, C. Traboni, S. Colloca, A. Nicosia, R. Cortese, P. Klenerman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hypnosis in the Treatment of the "Hexed" Patient
Authors: JOHN E. SNELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

As psychiatric services are expanded to reach a broader population, the clinic psychiatrist in the South is increasingly likely to encounter the patient who attributes his psychiatric symptomatology to the working of a hex. The author suggests that an understanding of this cultural phenomenon is highly important to the creation of a good therapeutic relationship and offers the technique of hypnosis as an effective method of therapy for the "hexed" patient.
American Medicine: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Louis Borgenicht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Medical subjects hold a fascination for the reading public. The reasons are clear: medical fiction and nonfiction deal with issues of life and death, concern themselves with human beings under stress, reveal hidden worlds (e.g., the intricacies and operations of high technology), describe mysteries only to be unraveled by scientific detection, and present critical analyses of the medical establishment. The subject matter contains something for everyone.A historical perspective on the lay medical literature is fascinating. It includes great writers of classics dealing with medicine, such as the short stories of Chekhov and William Carlos Williams or Somerset Maugham's Of . . .
THEORIES AND FACTS CONCERNING DEFLECTION OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8.1894.
Authors: W. A. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

That the major portion of nasal troubles is caused by the deviation of the septum, I think will be admitted by those who have devoted much time to the treatment of nasal troubles and have investigated the causes of these troubles. As a nation the Americans may be said to be universally afflicted with deflected septa, and to this cause alone we may safely attribute 75 per cent, of the nasal affections that are so frequent among them. I have been unable to find any extensive statistics concerning this trouble in the United States, but from my own observation I will venture to place the percentage of deviated septa as high as 90 per cent. The only reliable statistics of any extent furnished on this subject are those of Mackenzie among the English and of Zuckerkandl among the Austrians. The first taken from the skulls in the museum of the
Types of economic evaluation
Authors: Stephen Palmer, Sarah Byford, James Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the fourth in a series of occasional notes on economics

The pursuit of efficiency in the healthcare sector requires priority to be given to those treatments which provide the greatest benefit per unit of cost. Alternative interventions often have to be compared to determine whether a change in the mix of interventions would increase efficiency. Although economic evaluations approach costs in a common format, they differ in the way they approach benefits. These differences play a critical role in developing criteria for efficiency.1

Cost benefit analysis involves measuring costs and benefits in commensurate terms, usually monetary. Welfare economics shows that under certain conditions any net excess of monetary benefits over costs represents the gain in welfare by society.1 Cost benefit analysis makes it possible to determine, firstly, whether an individual intervention offers an overall net welfare gain and, secondly, how …
Passive Transfer by Cells of Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: David E. Trentham, Roselynn A. Dynesius, John R. David
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To investigate the role of immunologic hypersensitivity to collagen in the causation of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats, passive transfer experiments were performed. Wistar/Lewis rats used in these experiments were demonstrated to be histocompatible by prolonged skin graft survival and mixed lymphocyte cultures. Popliteal lymph node weight assays excluded a potential for graft-vs.-host reactivity in this strain. 9 of 32 naive rats developed arthritis after intravenous receipt of pooled spleen and lymph node cells from donors that had been injected intradermally with type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. This passively transferred synovitis was evident clinically as well as histologically. In control cell transfer experiments involving a total of 97 recipients, transfer of arthritis was shown to require viable cells sensitized to type II collagen. These controls included 17 rats receiving cells from unimmunized donors, 20 recipients of cells from donors injected with incomplete Freund's adjuvant alone, and 24 recipients of cells from rats injected with type I collagen in adjuvant. Deliberate addition of solubilized type II collagen to unsensitized cells at the time of transfer or injection of heat-killed sensitized cells also did not cause arthritis in a total of 36 recipients. These latter two control groups indicate that disease transfer was not the result of antigen carry-over. Intravenous injection of sera from arthritic donors was incapable of passively transferring clinical or histologic synovitis in 30 recipients. Thus, these studies directly implicate immunologic sensitivity to the cartilage type of collagen in the etiology of this autoimmune disease.
Time to talk about rape
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

If men remember that women are their mothers, daughters, and wives they may change their laws 

Personal view p 1089 

The global statistics on sexual assault against women are shocking. At least one in every five women experiences rape or attempted rape during her lifetime.1 The recently published report from the United Nations Population Fund on the State of the World Population 2000 is the latest of many official reports that have documented the size of the problem.2 Yet despite clear documentation and the fact that much attention has been paid to the issue of sexual violence against women at international level, the problem is getting worse.

The UN report and other data make it clear that the incidence of rape and other forms of sexual violence is increasing worldwide.3 Yet even official figures underestimate the scale of the problem because the proportion of rapes reported to the authorities varies from …
The effect of BCNU and adriamycin on normal and G6PD deficient erythrocytes
Authors: Arthur L. Sagone, G. Mark Burton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract In cell free systems Adriamycin induces oxygen radicals. We have shown previously that Adriamycin generates peroxide in human erythrocytes. BCNU, by inhibiting glutathione reductase, interferes with the major erythrocyte pathway to degrade peroxide. In this investigation we looked at interactions of these drugs with normal and abnormal erythrocytes. In G6PD‐deficient erythrocytes Adriamycin posed a significant oxidant stress as demonstrated by hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production, and glutathione depletion. At similar molar concentrations Adriamycin was a stronger oxidant than acetylphenylhydrazine. BCNU‐treated normal erythrocytes showed an enhanced susceptibility to oxidant stress as demonstrated by a lack of HMPS response to H 2 O 2 and glutathione depletion during incubations with Adriamycin. The HMPS shunt of BCNU treated RBC was intact as shown by their nearly normal response to methylene blue stimulation. These BCNU studies also demonstrated the inability of H 2 O 2 to react directly with NADPH. In conclusion Adriamycin poses a potent oxident stress to G6PD‐deficient erythrocytes. BCNU promotes enhanced susceptibility of normal RBC to oxidant stress and BCNU can act as a probe to define drug interactions with the HMPS. These studies add to a growing body of evidence postulating the importance of oxygen radicals in the therapeutic and/or effects of Adriamycin.
Cyclic Oscillations of Basal Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Human Beings
Authors: D. A. Lang, D. R. Matthews, J. Peto, R. C. Turner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

In a study of whether oscillations in plasma glucose and insulin occur in human beings, plasma samples were taken at one-minute intervals from 10 normal subjects for periods lasting between one and two hours. In five subjects the basal plasma insulin concentrations cycled regularly, with a mean period of 13 minutes and mean amplitude of 1.6 mU per liter (11.5 pmol per liter). A concurrent plasma glucose cycle was demonstrated, with a mean amplitude (after averaging to minimize random error) of 0.05 mmol per liter (1 mg per decliter). The average plasma glucose cycle was two minutes in advance of the plasma insulin. In the subjects with less regular plasma insulin cycles, a similar plasma glucose rise was demonstrated two minutes before the insulin rise. These phase relations are compatible with the presence of a negative-feedback loop between the liver and pancreatic beta cells that regulates both basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, although the cyclic beta-cell secretion could be independent of plasma glucose.