tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell line misidentification: The case of the Chang liver cell line
Authors: Qiang Gao, Xiao-Ying Wang, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In a recent study by Wang et al.,1 the Chang liver cell line (American Type Culture Collection No. CCL-13) was used as a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with low invasive potential. The authors reported that RN181 was highly expressed in the Chang cell line, moderately expressed in the HepG2 cell line, and weakly expressed in the SMMC-7721 cell line, then concluded that highly malignant tumor cells had a lower level of RN181. In recent years, the Chang cell line (American Type Culture Collection No. CCL-13) was widely used as a human normal hepatocyte model in various studies. Originally established in 1954,2 it was initially thought to be derived from normal liver tissue; however, based on isoenzyme analysis, HeLa marker chromosomes, and DNA fingerprinting, it was later found to have been established via HeLa cell contamination.3 We searched PubMed for "Chang cell line" for the past 3 years, and after reading the abstracts carefully, we found that there were 24, 15, and 20 publications in the years 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively, in which the Chang cell line was used as a normal liver or liver cancer cell line. The misuse of this cell line appears to be relatively more frequent in works originating from emerging countries (South Korea [11/59], India [4/59], and China (19/59). However, five publications were also from the United States, suggesting that use of this HeLa contaminant without awareness of its true identity is a worldwide issue. In addition to the Chang cell line, recent studies have shown that 18%-36% of cell lines have been incorrectly designated,4, 5 and it is likely that false cell lines will continue to be established without the knowledge of their originators. Meanwhile, detecting false cell lines will be increasingly difficult as the number and varieties of circulating cell lines increase. Technically, the short tandem repeat analysis is an optimal candidate to authenticate a human cell line.5, 6 Although cell line authentication has been proposed as a condition for the research grant award and for the publication of research findings,7 resolution of the problem of misidentification and cross-contamination will require the collaboration of all involved parties: the users and originators of cell lines, cell banks, journals, and funding agencies. Qiang Gao M.D., Ph.D.*, Xiao-Ying Wang M.D., Ph.D.*, Jian Zhou M.D., Ph.D.* , Jia Fan M.D., Ph.D.* , * Liver Cancer Institute,Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, People's Republic of China, Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
The role of vascular injury and hemodynamics in rat pulmonary artery remodeling.
Authors: Y Tanaka, D P Schuster, E C Davis, G A Patterson, M D Botney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Vascular remodeling in adult human elastic pulmonary arteries is characterized by diffuse neointimal lesions containing smooth muscle cells expressing extracellular matrix genes. Recent studies suggest vascular injury is needed to initiate remodeling and that growth factor mediators participate in the repair response. However, because neointimal formation is only observed in patients with pulmonary artery blood pressures approaching systemic levels, it has been hypothesized that systemic-like hemodynamic conditions are also necessary. To test that hypothesis, subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomoses were created in Sprague-Dawley rats under three different experimental conditions: no accompanying injury, or after monocrotaline or balloon endarterectomy injury. Pulmonary vascular remodeling was not induced by the subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomosis alone. A non-neointimal pattern of remodeling after mild monocrotaline-induced injury was converted into a neointimal pattern in the presence of the anastomosis. Neointima was also observed after severe, balloon endarterectomy-induced injury even in the absence of anastomosis. Tropoelastin, type I procollagen and TGF-beta gene expression, and angiotensin converting enzyme immunoreactivity, was confined to the neointima resembling the pattern of gene expression and immunoreactivity in human hypertensive elastic pulmonary artery neointimal lesions. These observations introduce the concepts that the type of injury and the associated hemodynamic conditions can modify the elastic pulmonary artery response to injury.
Achalasia of the oesophagus.
Authors: W Silber
Journal: BMJ (1969)

M "JOULMitral valvular inefficiency, manifest as regurgitation in the presence of atrial fibrilla- tion, supports this hypothesis.Clearly, as the atrial filling curve moves to the left with exercise as heart rate increases and diastole shortens, atrial contraction assumes less importance in valve closure.The conclusion must be that at slow and probably at resting heart rates atrial contraction is indispensable to normal (high) mitral valve efficiency.Provision of a contracting atrial chamber would seem to be an essential part of an artificial heart design that utilizes a leaflet valve at the atrioventricular junction and which operates at near normal heart rates.-
The United States Looks at Canadian Health Care
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Health insurance programs reflect the cultural beliefs, political priorities, and medical imperatives of the countries in which they evolve. Across a continuum that features more or less reliance on government or private mechanisms, most Western countries have concluded that the financial consequences of illness should be borne by societies, not individuals.1 That is certainly the case in Canada, which provides all its 25.6 million citizens with access to medical care, but does not charge them directly for the services they receive. Specifically, Canada places responsibility squarely on its government to finance a comprehensive set of medical benefits and prohibits private . . .
Persistence of viral antibodies in patients with chronic bronchitis.
Authors: M. A. Moffat, J. A. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1967)

An acute exacerbation of bronchitis is preceded sometimes by a common cold or influenza,-like illness, and for this reason viruses have been incriminated as the initiating factor in such attacks.During the past 10 years many workers have attempted to elucidate the role of viruses in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, but the results have been contradictory and attempts to isolate a virus have been particularly disappointing.In a survey carried out by Murdoch, Leckie, Downie, Swain, and Gould (1959) on outpatients in Edinburgh, 14 out of 31 patients showed a rise in complement-fixing antibodies to either influ- enza A, B, or C or adenovirus, but only three of these rises could be associated with clinical infection.Jack and Gandevia (1960) reported completely negative virological findings in 19 patients during one year.Stark, Heath, and Curwen (1965) examined sera from outpatients in London at four-week inter- vals: 23 out of 199 patients showed evidence of viral infection, and in 13 this could be correlated with an exacerbation.A more comprehensive study was carried out by Carilli, Gohd, and Gordon (1964) in Boston: 46 cases of respiratory illness
Adding vitamin D to standard tuberculosis treatment is not beneficial, finds study
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Supplementing conventional tuberculosis treatment with vitamin D does not shorten the time taken to clear the infection, a study conducted at 13 sites in Tamil Nadu, India, has found. 

The study, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases , found that although supplementation with a high dose of vitamin D seemed to be safe, it did not seem to be beneficial to patients with an active tuberculosis infection.1

Vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, and previous in vitro experiments and trials have indicated its potential usefulness as an adjunct to tuberculosis therapy. In south India, people with active …
NSAID Use Reduces Breast Cancer Recurrence in Overweight and Obese Women: Role of Prostaglandin–Aromatase Interactions
Authors: Laura W. Bowers, Ilane X.F. Maximo, Andrew J. Brenner, Muralidhar Beeram, Stephen D. Hursting, Ramona S. Price, Rajeshwar R. Tekmal, Christopher A. Jolly, Linda A. deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Obesity is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis and elevated levels of inflammation, including greater cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity in adipose-infiltrating macrophages. The product of this enzyme, the proinflammatory eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stimulates adipose tissue aromatase expression and subsequent estrogen production, which could promote breast cancer progression. This study demonstrates that daily use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which inhibits COX-2 activity, is associated with reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive breast cancer recurrence in obese and overweight women. Retrospective review of data from ERα-positive patients with an average body mass index of &amp;gt;30 revealed that NSAID users had a 52% lower recurrence rate and a 28-month delay in time to recurrence. To examine the mechanisms that may be mediating this effect, we conducted in vitro studies that utilized sera from obese and normal-weight patients with breast cancer. Exposure to sera from obese patients stimulated greater macrophage COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. This was correlated with enhanced preadipocyte aromatase expression following incubation in conditioned media (CM) collected from the obese-patient, sera-exposed macrophages, an effect neutralized by COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib. In addition, CM from macrophage/preadipocyte cocultures exposed to sera from obese patients stimulated greater breast cancer cell ERα activity, proliferation, and migration compared with sera from normal-weight patients, and these differences were eliminated or reduced by the addition of an aromatase inhibitor during CM generation. Prospective studies designed to examine the clinical benefit of NSAID use in obese patients with breast cancer are warranted. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4446–57. ©2014 AACR.
Myocardial sodium extraction at varied coronary flows in the dog. Estimation of capillary permeability of residue and outflow detection.
Authors: B Guller, T Yipintsoi, A L Orvis, J B Bassingthwaighte
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Sudden injections of boluses containing both 131I-albumin and 24NaCl were made into the coronary artery inflow of isolated blood-perfused dog hearts. Indicator dilution curves were recorded using gamma emissions from both the intact heart and the coronary sinus outflow, with plasma flows, Fs, ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 ml/g min-1. Three measures of sodium extraction, E, during transcapillary passage were obtained from each site by comparison of the sodium and albumin curves. The most useful estimates of E were "instantaneous extractions" obtained from the later part of the upslope and the peak of the venous dilution curves (coronary sinus) or from the corresponding early phase of washout of the externally monitored curves (intact organ). Extractions were lower at higher flows. Permeability-surface area products, PS, were computed (1) by the formula PS equals -Fsloge(1 - E), (2) by fitting the observed dilution curves with a Krogh capillary-tissue cylinder model, and (3) by the approximating formula PS equals -Fsloge (1 - 1.14E). The two latter approaches provided a correction for back diffusion of tracer from tissue to blood. For sodium, the values of PS averaged 0.88 +/- 0.36 (SD) ml/g min-1, (n equals 52). At high flows, with Fs greater than 1.0 ml/g min-1, the values of PS averaged 1.01 +/- 0.38 ml/g min-1 (N equals 11). Assuming S equals 500 cm2/g and plasma to be 93% water, our findings suggest capillary permeabilities for sodium of about 3.1 times 10(-5) cm/sec.
Does This Patient Have Dementia?
Authors: Tracey Holsinger, Janie Deveau, Malaz Boustani, John W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2007)

While as many as 5 million individuals in the United States have dementia, many others have memory complaints. Brief tests to screen for cognitive impairment could help guide dementia diagnosis.To review the literature concerning the practicality and accuracy of brief cognitive screening instruments in primary care.A search of MEDLINE (including data from AIDSLINE, BioethicsLine, and HealthSTAR) and psycINFO was conducted from January 2000 through April 2006 to update previous reviews.Studies of patients aged 60 years and older and use of an acceptable criterion standard to diagnose dementia were considered.Studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers for eligibility and quality. A third independent reviewer adjudicated disagreements. Data for likelihood ratios (LRs) were extracted.Twenty-nine studies using 25 different screening instruments met inclusion criteria; some studies evaluated several different instruments, thus, information could be examined for 38 unique instrument/study combinations.For the commonly used Mini-Mental State Examination, the median LR for a positive result was 6.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-47.0) and the median LR for a negative result was 0.19 (95%CI, 0.06-0.37). Briefer approaches are available but have not been studied as frequently. Reports from an informant that the patient has memory loss yields an LR of 6.5 (95% CI, 4.4-9.6) for dementia. The Memory Impairment Screen takes 4 minutes to ask 4 items and has an LR for a positive result of 33 (95% CI, 15.0-72.0) and an LR for a negative result is 0.08 (95% CI, 0.02-0.3). Clock drawings are helpful in 1- to 3-minute forms, but must be scored appropriately and sensitivity to mild forms of impairment can be low.Clinicians should select 1 primary tool based on (1) the population receiving care; (2) an awareness of the effects of educational level, race, and age on scoring; and (3) consideration of adding 1 or 2 other tools for special situations as needed.
Cancer of the Pancreas
Authors: Robert E. Hermann, Avram M. Cooperman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE incidence of cancer of the pancreas has steadily increased during the past 20 years; this disease now accounts for 3 per cent of all cancers and 5 per cent of all cancer deaths in the United States. It is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in men (exceeded only by cancers of the lung, colorectum and prostate) and the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women (exceeded by cancers of the breast, colorectum, lung and ovary-uterus). An estimated 23,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 1979.Despite interest and research in cancer of . . .
Parameter and structure-activity data bases: management for maximum utility.
Authors: A Leo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in the fields of medicinal chemistry, pesticide science, biochemistry and toxicology are being published at an ever increasing rate. In addition to these biological correlation equations, thousands of such equations have been published for all kinds of organic reactions. There is a great need to develop a computerized system to enable one to make comparisons and to draw generalizations about the effects of structure on chemical and biological activity. A proposal is made for a systematic approach to this problem based on the physicochemical properties of organic compounds.
Induction of Bone Loss by Pathobiont-Mediated Nod1 Signaling in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Yizu Jiao, Youssef Darzi, Kazuki Tawaratsumida, Julie T. Marchesan, Mizuho Hasegawa, Henry Moon, Grace Y. Chen, Gabriel Núñez, William V. Giannobile, Jeroen Raes, Naohiro Inohara
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Search for eosinopenia in hospitalized patients with normal blood leukocyte concentration
Authors: John R. Krause, Dane R. Boggs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Hospitalized patients were studied prospectively in an attempt to determine whether idiopathic eosinopenia in the absence of other major changes in blood cells is rare or is more frequent than is commonly recognized. Strict criteria for eosinopenia were used; patients with more than 10.0 × 10 9 /liter total leukocyte count, or less than 4.0, as well as those with any form of hematologic cancer, or those receiving any form of cancer chemotherapy, were excluded from the study. With those criteria and exclusions, only 24 patients with eosinopenia were found among 24,300. Twenty were receiving some form of adrenal glucocorticosteriod (steroid) and of the other four, three had serious organic diseases for which they were receiving various drugs. The remaining patient, whose primary problem was depression, could have had druginduced eosinopenia. Thus, unexpected eosinopenia appears to be a very rare event or syndrome. A normal range for eosinophils was defined from studies of 740 medical students, which was 0.015 to 0.65 × 10 9 /liter and was quite similar to previously reported values. The effect of acute or chronic steroid administration on eosinophils in normal human subjects was studied. Confirming studies reported for man and many other mammals, eosinopenia developed promptly, but disappeared within hours unless repeated doses were given. Literature on various types of eosinopenia was reviewed.
Function at the junction: dynamic interactions between lung cells and extracellular matrix.
Authors: J. R. Spurzem
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Recent advances are elucidating the mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding matrix. Cells have specific receptors for matrix proteins. A number of intracellular molecules with signalling functions aggregate at specialised focal adhesion points and facilitate transfer of information both into and out of cells. The importance of these signaling processes to cell biology makes it likely that manipulation of these processes will allow innovative therapeutic approaches to lung disease.
Malfunctioning Neonatal Incubators-Reply
Authors: Marlene E. Haffner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  In response to the concerns expressed by ECRI, they are to be commended for their efforts to publicize further the danger of malfunctioning incubator safety thermostats. The importance of proper care and maintenance of incubators to prevent this hazard cannot be over-stated. If users had been effectively warned and advised on this problem, the incident might have been avoided. After the investigation of the situation, the FDA encouraged and has worked with the manufacturer to develop improved instructions for operation, inspection, and preventive maintenance of these incubators that specifically address the safety thermostat problem. An alert letter from Air Shields, scheduled to be mailed to all C86 incubator owners by the end of July 1982, describes how the mercury-in-glass safety thermostat can be damaged by accidental impact or abuse and provides these improved instructions. Hospitals owning these incubators should contact the manufacturer if they have not received the
A Comparison of Oral Milrinone, Digoxin, and Their Combination in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: R DiBianco, R Shabetai, W Kostuk, J Moran, R C Schlant, R Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We randomly assigned 230 patients in sinus rhythm with moderately severe heart failure to treatment with digoxin, milrinone, both, or placebo. The effects of each were compared during a 12-week, double-blind trial. Treatment with milrinone or digoxin significantly increased treadmill exercise time as compared with placebo (by 82 and 64 seconds respectively; 95 percent confidence limits, 44 and 123, and 30 and 100). Both treatments reduced the frequency of decompensation from heart failure, from 47 percent with placebo to 34 percent with milrinone (P<0.05; 95 percent confidence limits, 22 and 46) and 15 percent with digoxin (P<0.01; 95 percent confidence limits, 7 and 26). However, the clinical condition of 20 percent of the patients taking milrinone deteriorated within two weeks after treatment was begun, as compared with only 3 percent of those taking digoxin (P<0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was not significantly changed by milrinone (+0.2 percent; 95 percent confidence limits, -1.5 and 1.9), but it was increased by digoxin (+1.7 percent; P<0.01; 95 percent confidence limits, -0.03 and 3.4) and decreased by placebo (-2.0 percent; 95 percent confidence limits, -3.8 and -0.1). Three-month survival was related inversely to the base-line ejection fraction. Analysis of mortality from all causes according to the intention to treat suggested an adverse effect of milrinone (P = 0.064). After adjustment for an excess of patients with lower ejection fractions randomly assigned to receive milrinone, this trend was not significant (P = 0.26). Increased ventricular arrhythmias occurred more frequently in patients who received milrinone than in those who did not (18 vs. 4 percent; P<0.03). We conclude that milrinone significantly increased exercise tolerance and reduced the frequency of worsened heart failure. However, in the population of patients studied, milrinone or the combination of milrinone and digoxin offered no advantage over digoxin alone. Furthermore, our data suggest that milrinone may aggravate ventricular arrhythmias. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:677–83.)
The role of anthralin in mouse skin tumour promotion
Authors: R.K. BOUTWELL, M.J. HOEL, J. DIGIOVANNI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article The role of anthralin in mouse skin tumour promotion Get access R.K. BOUTWELL, R.K. BOUTWELL McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. HOEL, M.J. HOEL McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. DIGIOVANNI J. DIGIOVANNI McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 68–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01012.x Published: 01 August 1981
Scleredema adultorum: case report and demonstration of abnormal expression of extracellular matrix genes in skin fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro
Authors: J. VARGA, S. GOTTA, L. LI, S. SOLLBERG, M. LEONARDO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of cutaneous fibrosis in scleredema adultorum, we studied a patient with long-standing scleredema who had no history of diabetes mellitus or preceding febrile illness. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen from involved forearm skin demonstrated marked thickening of the dermis and accumulation of mucin between collagen bundles. Increased levels of type I collagen mRNA, as evidenced by positive in situ hybridization signals with an alpha 1(I) procollagen cDNA were found in numerous fibroblasts throughout the dermis. The expression of several genes coding for proteins involved in the maintenance of connective tissue was examined by determining in vitro protein production and mRNA levels in fibroblasts from the affected skin. Total protein production, glucosamine incorporation and collagen synthesis, were elevated by 44-97% in scleredema fibroblasts, compared with fibroblasts from two healthy individuals. Levels of mRNAs for alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) procollagens and fibronectin were elevated in scleredema fibroblasts, whereas mRNA levels for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase were unaltered compared with control cultures. The results suggest that fibroblasts from the involved skin in non-diabetic patients with scleredema may exhibit a biosynthetically activated phenotype, which persists for several years. These alterations are likely to be involved in the development of the cutaneous induration and thickening which is characteristic of this disease.