tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critics Press FDA to Act on Evidence of Rosiglitazone’s Cardiac Safety Issues
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

CONTROVERSY OVER ROSIGLITAzone, a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that has been linked with sometimes fatal heart-related problems, may be coming to a head as federal regulators are poised to scrutinize evidence about the drug’s safety. Critics of the drug, which is used to lower blood glucose levels, want it removed from the market because metaanalyses and observational studies comparing rosiglitazone with other glucosecontrolling drugs have found it is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. But others suggest that rosiglitazone should remain a treatment option, at least until results come in from a recently launched randomized controlled trial.
The microRNA miR-29 controls innate and adaptive immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection by targeting interferon-γ
Authors: Feng Ma, Sheng Xu, Xingguang Liu, Qian Zhang, Xiongfei Xu, Mofang Liu, Minmin Hua, Nan Li, Hangping Yao, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
William Brian Whowell
Authors: T. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Shepshed, Leicestershire (b Leicester 1921; q St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, 1945), died from cerebrovascular disease on 25 September 2003.

Brian successfully juggled a family, full time general practice, and a career in medical politics. After qualifying he rose to be medical superintendent at St Mary's. He then chose a career in general practice, becoming a partner in Shepshed, Leicestershire, in 1954. He was one of the first fellows of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Retiring in 1989, he attained an Open University degree in history of art. He travelled widely, often as ship's doctor on many cruises. He leaves a wife, Joy; two sons; and a granddaughter.
Changes in Dental Hypoplasia and Caries Among the Children of Finnish Lapps, 1939-50
Authors: R. V. H. Jones, M. J. Mynott
Journal: BMJ (1954)

INCARCERATED AND STRANGULATED HERNIA M, no hernia had been noticed before.There were 29 babies in this group and 18% of these died.Group 2 consisted mainly of older babies in whom an easily reducible hernia had been observed pre- viously, but in whom the hernia had suddenly become irreducible; obstructive symptoms were minimal.There were 16 babies in this group and no deaths.It has been shown that, in the age group 1 week to 3 months, strangulated inguinal hernia is the commonest, almost the only, cause of intestinal obstruction.Owing to the ease with which an inguinal hernia can be missed in a baby, it is essential that the inguinal region should be carefully examined in every infant pre- senting with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction.We wish to express our thanks to the surgeons of the United Cardiff Hospitals for permission to use the notes of cases under their care, and to Professor A. G. Watkins for his criticism and advice.
Case 51-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, John G. Bartlett, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 41-year-old physician was admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia.He was well until 2 1/2 weeks earlier, when vague myalgias developed, with rise of the temperature to nearly 39°C. He took acetaminophen, with symptomatic improvement, and the temperature gradually returned to normal during the next 10 days. Four days before entry he began to have left pleuritic pain, a mild nonproductive cough and slight dyspnea. On the next day he saw his physician, who found that he was afebrile. Coarse rales were heard over the left anterior and lateral portions of the thorax, without consolidative . . .
Join the Team
Authors: Karen T. Poulton
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary by Foreman and Hetznecker (1982; 247:3325) regarding the psychological dilemmas of physicians facing ostensibly handicapped pediatric patients highlighted basic and important problems well known to professionals in allied medical fields—impatience to diagnose and reluctance to institute habilitative measures without full medical diagnosis. While the outlining of such problems and of the psychological impact of treating children with handicaps may be beneficial, the discussion failed to suggest the most powerful solution to the issues raised—referral of the child for developmental assessment by an interdisciplinary team. The authors do themselves, as well as their patients, a disservice by ignoring the vast array of supportive allied medical and social services that are available to assist both the physician and the family as well as the child. The authors blandly reassure physicians that "there are times when to do is to wait... wait with the family and to observe."
Healthy Aging and Dementia: Findings from the Nun Study
Authors: David A. Snowdon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

The Nun Study is a longitudinal study of 678 Catholic sisters 75 to 107 years of age who are members of the School Sisters of Notre Dame congregation. Data collected for this study include early and middle-life risk factors from the convent archives, annual cognitive and physical function evaluations during old age, and postmortem neuropathologic evaluations of the participants' brains. The case histories presented include a centenarian who was a model of healthy aging, a 92-year-old with dementia and clinically significant Alzheimer disease neuropathology and vascular lesions, a cognitively and physically intact centenarian with almost no neuropathology, and an 85-year-old with well-preserved cognitive and physical function despite a genetic predisposition to Alzheimer disease and an abundance of Alzheimer disease lesions. These case histories provide examples of how healthy aging and dementia relate to the degree of pathology present in the brain and the level of resistance to the clinical expression of the neuropathology.
Dianhydrogalactitol and Radiation Therapy
Authors: Robert T. Eagan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dianhydrogalactitol was the most active of 177 agents tested against a mouse ependymoblastoma tumor. We conducted a prospectively randomized trial comparing whole-brain irradiation alone vs identical irradiation plus dianhydrogalactitol in 42 patients with grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas. Patients receiving dianhydrogalactitol in addition to irradiation had a significantly longer median survival time (67 vs 35 weeks) than did patients receiving only irradiation. The major toxic effect of dianhydrogalactitol is hematologic suppression of a cumulative nature. Dianhydrogalactitol may play an important role (in conjunction with radiation therapy) in the initial treatment of patients with supratentorial glioma. Our data may indicate that the mouse ependymoblastoma system is a useful screen for agents to be used in the treatment of human glioma.
Local and central research ethics committees
Authors: J. K Dewhurst
Journal: BMJ (1992)

During the trial two subjects failed to don the equipment correctly and one suffered extreme rebreathing, which limited his exercise tolerance in the test atmosphere to less than two minutes.Two volunteers refused to undergo the session in the test atmosphere wearing the hood as they perceived it as too stressful.We have also studied two other commercially available smoke hoods with filters in two volunteers exercising in air at only 75 W.One resulted in a ventilation of 109 /min in one subject, while the other subject was unable to exercise beyond two minutes when his oxygen saturation fell to 87% and his ventilation reached 919 I/min.The other device resulted in ventilations of 103-1 l/min and 107 71/min in the same volunteers.Our subjects represent the healthiest of those who travel by air, whose range of states of health and disease is wide.Tolerance to wearing a smoke hood is probably reduced in less healthy people, elderly people, and children.The hazards of rebreathing while wearing a smokehood and attempting to escape from fire need to be investi- gated further before widespread use of smoke hoods can be recommended.Our study further emphasises the widely held view that people who wear respiratory protection should be specifically trained in its use.Without training, such equipment carries a risk that might limit escape from fire even if the atmosphere is minimally toxic.We believe that existing smoke hoods carry an intrinsic risk to the wearer that in some instances outweighs their potential benefits.
Can we predict a bone stress injury?
Authors: Papalada Agapi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Lecture 10 Stress fractures are often difficult to early differentiate from other soft tissue injuries. On the other hand to confirm early the diagnosis of a stress fracture an MRI is needed. Since 1972 the literature indicates that the detection of stress fracture by ultrasound was possible before x-ray findings. Stress fracture's detection by ultrasound will be described and analysed. During the period 1995–2009, we evaluate with a physio ultrasound 115 track and field athletes. First, we marked on patient's skin the area to be examined both on the injured leg and on the healthy one. The patients were asked to report immediately any painful sensation. We used an ultrasound probe of 1 MHz, with a diameter of 3 cm and maximum intensity of 2.00 W/cm 2 . We scanned the questioned area in order to spot the point of major symptoms for 30 s. In case of negative findings after a total time of 60 s the procedure was completed. If there was a positive finding of intense pain, we reduced the power density and we continued for another 30 s. We continued in the same pattern until the patient reported no discomfort. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of this procedure was 94, 39% and 62, 5%, respectively. The mechanical energy when radiated from a source is mainly converted to heat. According to the literature, this ultrasound procedure highly elevates the temperature in periosteum. This increase of temperature is related to high transmission velocity and high absorption factor of the ultrasound. The interpretation of the patients' sensation is the key to diagnosis. Sensation of heat, either light heat or burning, vibration, or a pinching ache, did not indicate a positive result of the ultrasound test in contrast to intense pain or pressure. It was the latter that led us to imply the existence of stress fracture. The ultrasound technique for stress fracture detection is a safe, non-invasive, low cost method easily performed and could be a valuable tool for the physician's regarding decision making in terms of an early diagnosis.
Maladministration at Welsh Office
Authors: K Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - On 18 February the secretary of state for Wales signed an order prohibiting general practitioners from “supplying” childhood vaccines from 1 March (amending paragraph 44/5 of the statement of fees and allowances for general practitioners). After 10 days' delay this was faxed late on 28 February to family health services authorities, and it was received by general practitioners on 4 March. Many general practitioners were purchasing vaccines and recouping the cost by …
Analysis of Antigens in a Commercial House-Dust Extract by Means of Quantitative Immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: S. D. Carlsen, B. Weeke, H. Løwenstein
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of a commercial house-dust extract revealed 43 immunoprecipitates. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis with 106 different allergen extracts from animal hair and dander, feathers, fungi, pollen, foodstuffs, textiles and house-dust mites showed the presence of precipitating antibodies in the rabbit anti-house-dust serum against antigens from 34 of the extracts. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with the addition of antigen, and crossed line immunoelectrophoresis (CLIE) with these 34 allergen extracts, as well as crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel containing rabbit antibodies against nine human serum proteins, allowed the identification of 14 antigens in the house-dust extract. These antigens were shown to originate from house-dust mites, hair and dander from various animals, fungi, feathers, human hair and dander, and human serum proteins.
Antiseptic Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: R. S. Harnden
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Waverly, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I simply wish, in the interest of a number of your subscribers, to "say<i>good-bye</i>" to Dr.—. It seems a misfortune that you should be obliged or called upon to publish such jargons, but we your readers become disgusted and hope the columns of theJournal, which we all so much admire, may be kept as free as possible from such rubbish. I am not an advocate of "the Woodbridge treatment," or any man's method, but the principle of treatment advocated so bravely by Dr. Woodbridge I have followed with 100 per cent. of recoveries in eighty-three cases (consecutive). Respectfully, <h3>Answer:</h3> The Editor is of opinion that the widest latitude should be given gentlemen wishing to comment upon any topic of interest to any considerable number of the profession. It is in fact the "public opinion" department of ourJournal, and
THE TREATMENT OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH SANOCRYSIN.*
Authors: JOHN L. FRANKLIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH SANOCRYSIN. Get access JOHN L. FRANKLIN, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond. JOHN L. FRANKLIN, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond. Physician for Diseases of the Skin, Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich, and Princes Beatrice Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 2, 1 February 1934, Pages 66–84, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb11127.x Published: 01 February 1934
Outmigration For Coronary Bypass Surgery in an Era of Public Dissemination of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Nowamagbe A. Omoigui, Dave P. Miller, Kimberly J. Brown, Kingsley Annan, Delos Cosgrove, Bruce Lytle, Floyd Loop, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Since 1989, New York State has disseminated comparative information on outcomes of coronary bypass surgery to the public. It has been suggested that this program played a significant role in the 41% decrease in the risk-adjusted mortality rate between 1989 and 1992. We hypothesized that some high-risk patients had migrated out of state for surgery.We reviewed 9442 isolated coronary bypass operations performed from 1989 through 1993 to assess referral patterns of case-mix and outcome. Expected and risk-adjusted mortality rates were computed using logistic regression models derived from the Cleveland Clinic and New York State databases. A mortality comparison was performed using the 1980 to 1988 time period as a historical control. Patients from New York (n=482) had a higher frequency of prior open heart surgery (44.0%) than patients from Ohio (n=6046) (21.5%, P<.001), other states (n=1923) (37.4%, P=.008), and other countries (n=991) (17.3%, P<.001). They were also more likely to be in NYHA functional class III or IV (47.6% versus Ohio 42.7%, P=.037; other states, 41.2%, P=.011; other countries, 34.1%, P=.001). The expected mortality rate was thus higher than among other referral cohorts. The observed 5.2% mortality rate among these patients was significantly greater than the 2.9%, 3.1%, and 1.4% mortality rates observed for patients from Ohio (P=.004), other states (P=.028), and other countries (P<.001). These differences in outcome were not apparent between 1980 and 1988 among referrals from within the United States.Public dissemination of outcome data may have been associated with increased referral of high-risk patients from New York to an out-of-state regional medical center.
Esophageal Cancer, Hyperkeratosis, and Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Samuel B. Ritter
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A 25-YEAR-OLD woman was admitted to the hospital because of dysphagia. For six weeks she had experienced progressive lower retrosternal discomfort on swallowing. Two weeks before admission she began regurgitating food immediately after eating, at which time she could only eat soft food and liquids. There was no history of pyrosis, abdominal pain, esophagitis, or peptic ulcer disease, and the patient had not used alcohol or tobacco. 1 Although there was no family history of esophageal cancer, there was a history of hyperkeratosis in the father and in three of eight siblings, each of whom has offspring bearing this trait.  Findings of a physical examination were unremarkable except for 0.5-cm hyperkeratotic nodules over her distal and proximal interphalangeal joints (tylositas articularis or knuckle pads) (Fig 1) and hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis (keratosis pilaris) on the upper parts of her arms. In addition, the patient had leukoplakia of the buccal mucosa. Routine
Spleen size in chronic renal failure.
Authors: M M Platts, E Anastassiades, S Sheriff, S Smith, D C Bartolo
Journal: BMJ (1984)

To investigate the cause of clinically detectable splenomegaly, which is common in patients receiving regular haemodialysis, splenic volume was assessed by isotopic scanning using intravenously injected technetium-99m microspheres in 34 controls and 149 patients with chronic renal failure. Of the patients, 16 had never received dialysis, 10 were undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis, 94 were undergoing regular haemodialysis, and 29 had undergone successful renal transplantation more than nine months previously. Mean splenic volume was increased only in the patients who were receiving haemodialysis. Splenic enlargement was probably not due to iron overload as it occurred in all patients who had received haemodialysis, 14 of whom had not received intravenous iron. No patient had had hepatitis. Splenic enlargement was probably related to the process of haemodialysis itself and may have been due either to red cell damage produced by haemodialysis or to an immunological reaction induced by a component of haemodialysis, possibly ethylene oxide.
Response to injury of skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis, and its relation to disease activity: Koebner and'reverse'Koebner reactions
Authors: RUSSELL W. EYRE, GERALD G. KRUEGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We studied the response to a standard skin injury in the involved and uninvolved skin of twenty-four subjects with psoriasis to determine whether a relationship exists between disease activity and the Koebner reaction. We found that 25% of patients had a positive Koebner reaction and 67% had a positive 'reverse' Koebner reaction (psoriasis clearing following skin injury). If psoriasis occurred in one area of injury, all injured areas developed psoriasis, and 'all-or-none' phenomenon. If psoriasis cleared from the traumatized area, no psoriasis occurred in the uninvolved sites. The 'reverse' Koebner reaction and the Koebner reaction are thus mutually exclusive. Disease activity, by our criteria, did not predict a positive Koebner reaction, but a positive Koebner reaction did predict subsequent disease activity. These observations suggest that humoral factors govern the development of clearing or psoriasis after a standard injury.
Thyroid Abnormalities in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: MICHAEL J. CUNNINGHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

We studied thyroid abnormalities in 50 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Two patients had a history of hyperthyroidism, and 5 had hypothyroidism and were on thyroid replacement therapy. Three patients had had thyroidectomies for nodules, and 5 had asymptomatic goiter. Two patients were clinically euthyroid with elevated thyrotrophin and low normal thyroxine levels, indicating early thyroid insufficiency. Thyroid microsomal antibodies were seen in 38% of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis compared to 12% of controls. The presence of clinical or serologic thyroid abnormalities in 26 of 50 patients shows a significant but unexplained association between dermatitis herpetiformis and thyroid disease.
Poisoning by Acetanilid and Bismuth.
Authors: Dr. Ben H. Brodnax
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Brodnax, La., April 13, 1896.  To the Editor:  —I note in the Medical Brief , April, 1896, an article taken from your splendid journal, written by Dr. C. W. Rook, in which he gives the details of these cases of poisoning, one death, from the use of equal parts of acetanelid and bismuth subnitrate. The infants were two and four days old. Without a doubt acetanilid is a powerful drug and should be used with care, but I think the doctor has hardly followed the formula given in the Virginia Medical Monthly . I think it is about as follows: acetanilid and boric acid equal parts. (This powder is named by Dr. Burgess of Tennessee, boralid.) When used on tender skins, as infants, the formula recommended is a bulk of bismuth subnitrate equal to both the others, viz., boric acid and acetanilid each 1 part, bismuth subnitrate 2 parts. It will, no
ES cells mend broken hearts
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Heart cells made from embryonic stem (ES) cells improve the function of injured mouse hearts, report Kolossov et al. (page 2315).






Figure 1

ES-derived cardiomyocytes (green) fix a damaged mouse heart.




Cell replacement is an attractive therapy for heart failure, which is currently treatable only by organ transplant. But which source of cells makes the best starting material has been a matter of debate. Bone marrow cells were reported to provide some improvement in heart failure patients, but their benefit remains controversial. Kolossov et al. found no improvement of heart function when these cells were injected into mice with ischemic heart injury. Cardiomyocytes derived from ES cells, on the other hand, improved the contractility and blood pumping ability of the injured hearts.

The use of ES cells as starting material for this kind of therapy runs the risk of inducing tumors in the recipient due to small numbers of undifferentiated, pluripotent cells in the population. To limit this risk, Kolossov et al. used genetically engineered ES cells that allowed them to select for a virtually pure population of cardiomyocytes.

This selection trick, however, would have to be modified to be used in humans, as it introduces foreign DNA into the cells. In the meantime, the team plans to see whether similar success is achievable with ES-derived heart cells in larger animals, in which the contractile forces of heart beats are considerably stronger.