tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catecholamines and Neurologic Diseases
Authors: Richard J. Wurtman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Nature has been unusually kind to research scientists who work with the catecholamines: it has endowed their work with instant relevance. In few other areas of biomedical science has it been possible to achieve so rapid a translation of basic biochemistry into practical therapy.For at least a decade, studies about the synthesis and metabolism of norepinephrine in laboratory animals have yielded enough information to allow biochemists and pharmacologists to invent chemical structures that should and do act on "noradrenergic neurons" in the human brain and sympathetic nervous system to elevate or depress mood or blood pressure.1 The results of . . .
177 BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (HRQOL)
Authors: S. Nardelli, F. Moscucci, L. Ridola, C. Pasquale, I. Pentassuglio, M. Fratino, M. Marianetti, C. Izzo, C. Mina, G.A. Amabile, O. Riggio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Giving up on medicine: Other jobs can be equally stressful
Authors: M. Peel
Journal: BMJ (1993)

doing, it is relatively well paid (just compare your pay cheque with that of a non-clinical scientist).And what about when the children grow up?If she has the choice she should not give up the right to individuality, which is the right to be seen by society as a person in her own right and not simply as someone's mother or wife.I think that many of the writer's problems are philosophical in that she has realised her powerlessness in the face of disease and poverty.But she must not allow the fact that she is only one in six billion to depress her: it is the human condition.Nor should she sink into cynicism.There is a job to be done, and she can work to the good of society, in addition to earning a good salary.My message is: remember, women have struggled for centuries to have lives of their own and to be defined in terms of their own achieve- ments, not someone else's.Go and see your postgraduate dean, and anyone else you can think of, for some career advice.
Guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Standards of Care Committee, British Thoracic Society.
Authors: A C Miller, J E Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Simple flow diagrams, with explanatory notes, have been devised to assist in the immediate and subsequent management of patients presenting to casualty departments with spontaneous pneumothorax. They cover decision making about which patients require admission; whether a drainage procedure is necessary; if so, the appropriate method, including technical details; inpatient treatment; referral of inpatients to a respiratory specialist; and follow up arrangements. The guidelines, designed for incorporation into casualty and ward handbooks, have already proved valuable in several district general hospitals, and can be used as a basis for audit.
Causes of Night Cramps
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Dr Cutler 1 has given a detailed summary of the various causes of night cramps and muscle spasms in the legs. For the specific query, however, he has omitted a possible cause that I believe to be common and not usually considered, namely, lumbar spondylosis with nerve root compression. One of the two most common loci is the area of the disk at L-5-S-1, which includes the facet joints laterally. These joints are often hypertrophied and their ligaments disturbed as a consequence of the normal aging process, which concurrently produces thinning of the intervertebral disk at this level.  Relaxation of the muscles of the lower part of the back during sleep may well permit excess motion in the joints, with annoyance of nearby nerve roots (especially S-1, which extends to the calf and some of the plantar muscles). Stimulation of nerves by slight pressure, insufficient to cause
Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest After Chest Compression–Only CPR—Reply
Authors: Bentley J. Bobrow
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Feasibility Study Evaluating Surgery for Mesothelioma After Radiation Therapy: The “SMART” Approach for Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: B.C. John Cho, Ron Feld, Natasha Leighl, Isabelle Opitz, Masaki Anraku, Ming-Sound Tsao, David M. Hwang, Andrew Hope, Marc de Perrot
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Should patients with Björk-Shiley valves undergo prophylactic replacement?
Authors: J.D. Birkmeyer, G.T. O'Connor, J.D. Birkmeyer, C.A.S. Marrin, G.T. O'Connor
Journal: The Lancet (1992)

About 85,000 patients have undergone replacement of diseased heart valves with prosthetic Björk-Shiley convexo-concave (CC) valves. These valves are prone to fracture of the outlet strut, which leads to acute valve failure that is usually fatal. Should patients with these valves undergo prophylactic replacement to avoid fracture? The incidence of strut fracture varies between 0% and 1.5% per year, depending on valve opening angle (60 degrees or 70 degrees), diameter (less than 29 mm or greater than or equal to 29 mm), and location (aortic or mitral). Other factors include the patient's life expectancy and the expected morbidity and mortality associated with reoperation. We have used decision analysis to identify the patients most likely to benefit from prophylactic reoperation. The incidence of outlet strut fracture was estimated from the data of three large studies on CC valves, and stratified by opening angle, diameter, and location. A Markov decision analysis model was used to estimate life expectancy for patients undergoing prophylactic valve replacement and for those not undergoing reoperation. Prophylactic valve replacement does not benefit patients with CC valves that have low strut fracture risks (60 degrees aortic valves and less than 29 mm, 60 degrees mitral valves). For most patients with CC valves that have high strut fracture risks (greater than or equal to 29 mm, 70 degrees CC), prophylactic valve replacement increases life expectancy. However, elderly patients with such valves benefit from prophylactic reoperation only if the risk of operative mortality is low. Patient age and operative risk are most important in recommendations for patients with CC valves that have intermediate strut fracture risks (less than 29 mm, 70 degrees valves and greater than or equal to 29 mm, 60 degrees mitral valves). For all patients and their doctors facing the difficult decision on whether to replace CC valves, individual estimates of operative mortality risk that take account of both patient-specific and institution-specific factors are essential.
If it is inevitable, it need not be imitated
Authors: Patricia J. Bauer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon provide illustrative examples of imitative abilities in nonhuman primates. The convincing aspects of the examples are not, however, their hierarchical or structured nature: Such organization may be inevitable and hence, does not require explanation via imitation. Rather, examples of imitation are derived from reproduction of behaviors and sequences that, from the organism's perspective, are arbitrary.
OSTEOPROTEGERIN IS SECRETED INTO CORONARY CIRCULATION: A POSSIBLE LINK TO RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Toshihiro Tsuruda, Shohei Koyama, Hisamitsu Onitsuka, Tetsunori Ishikawa, Kazuo Kitamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Workgroup Report: National Toxicology Program Workshop on Hormonally Induced Reproductive Tumors—Relevance of Rodent Bioassays
Authors: Kristina A. Thayer, Paul M. Foster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is currently reviewing its research portfolio as part of its efforts to implement the NTP Roadmap to achieve the NTP Vision for the 21st century. This review includes a recent workshop, "Hormonally Induced Reproductive Tumors-Relevance of Rodent Bioassays," held 22-24 May 2006, that was organized to determine the adequacy and relevance to human disease outcome of rodent models currently used in the 2-year bioassay for four types of hormonally induced reproductive tumors (ovary, mammary gland, prostate, and testis). In brief, none of the workshop's breakout groups felt the currently used models are sufficient. For some types of tumors such as prostate, no adequate animal models exist, and for others such as ovary, the predominant tumors in humans are of different cellular origins than those induced by chemicals in rodents. This inadequacy of current models also applies to the testis, although our more complete understanding of the responses of Leydig cells to hormonal changes in rats may prove predictive for effects in humans other than cancer. All breakout groups recommended that the NTP consider modifying its testing protocols (i.e., age at exposure, additional end points, etc.) and/or using alternative models (i.e., genetically engineered models, in vitro systems, etc.) to improve sensitivity. In this article we briefly review the workshop's outcome and outline some next steps forward in pursuing the workshop's recommendations. Breakout group reports and additional information on the workshop, including participants, presentations, public comments and background materials, are posted on the NTP website.
Peri-procedural QCA following Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation predicts restenosis rate at 6 months: result of a meta-analysis of BENESTENT-I, BENESTENT-II pilot, BENESTENT-II and MUSIC
Authors: P.W. Serruys, J. Kootstra, R. Melkert, P. de Jaegere, M. van den Brand, M. Morel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Re-intubation increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation.
Authors: A Torres, J M Gatell, E Aznar, M el-Ebiary, J Puig de la Bellacasa, J González, M Ferrer, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In order to confirm that re-intubation can be a risk factor of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a case-control study was performed. Forty consecutive patients needing re-intubation were selected as cases. Each case was paired with a matched control for the previous duration of mechanical ventilation (+/- 2 d). Nineteen (47%) of the cases developed pneumonia after re-intubation compared with 4 (10%) of the controls (odds ratio [OR] = 8.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7 to 105.9; p = 0.0007). After adjusting for age, sex, and presence of prior bronchoscopy, the conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that re-intubation was the only significant factor related to the development of pneumonia (OR: 5.94; 95% CI 1.27 to 22.71; p = 0.023). Sixteen (73%) of the 22 patients lying semirecumbent during the interval between extubation and re-intubation developed nosocomial pneumonia versus three (16%) of the 18 in supine position (p = 0.001). These results indicate that semirecumbency during the period between extubation and re-intubation may play a role in nosocomial pneumonia development in patients who need re-intubation. Total intensive care unit stay (19.4 +/- 10 versus 13.9 +/- 11.9 days, p = 0.0008) and crude mortality (35 versus 20%, p = 0.14) were also higher in re-intubated patients when compared with controls. We conclude that re-intubation is a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia and might be avoided in a substantial number of cases.
Antibodies and immunoglobulins. II. Normal development and changes in disease
Authors: J. L. Fahey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>Antibody Response.—</h3> Several days elapse following primary antigen administration before antibody is detected in the serum. In this interval, antigen recognition and immune cell sensitization are followed by development of antibody synthetic capacity and proliferation of antibody producing cells. A considerable amount of antibody synthesis must occur before circulating antibody becomes detectable. At least 10<sup>16</sup>molecules of antibody have to be synthesized and be retained intravascularly in an 132 lb (60 kg) man to be detectable as 0.001 mg antibody per milliliter of serum. Antibody activity may be present in one or more components of the serum immunoglobulin system. Four classes of immunoglobulins have been identified: IgG (γG, 7S γ2-globulin), IgA (γA, β2A-globulin), IgM (γM, 18S γ1-macroglobulin) and IgD (yD). The distribution of these proteins, as detected by immunoelectrophoresis, is shown in Fig 1. The principal properties of the four major immunoglobulin classes were reviewed in a companion report.
Interstitial lung fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: C. Ferri, L. La Civita, P. Fazzi, M. Monti, G. Longombardo, G Careccia, S. Solfanelli, G. Porciello, G. Pasero, P. Gentilini, AL Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Dietary Factors Associated with Wheezing in a Birth Cohort at High Risk for the Development of Asthma/Allergy at Age 5 Years
Authors: H. Lai, Z. Zhang, L. Davis, S. Shoff, M. Nord, K. Roberg, E. Anderson, J. Gern, R. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Social Barriers Faced by Adolescent Parents and Their Children
Authors: Howard Spivak, Michael Weitzman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Pregnancy and childbearing are well recognized as having significant, long-term consequences for teenagers. Recent literature documents an array of negative outcomes for children born to adolescents, with a range of factors identified as contributing to the problems observed in these children. These include (1) the characteristics of those teenagers most likely to become parents, (2) the social and economic consequences of early childbearing, (3) the increased biologic vulnerability of children born to teenagers, and (4) the nature of parenting by teenagers. It has been acknowledged that adolescent parents tend to come from high-risk families, have poor academic achievement, and live in our most disadvantaged communities and therefore, biologic, economic, and behavioral factors contribute to the increased likelihood of teenagers having children who are vulnerable to physical and developmental problems. Teenaged parents face many obstacles to economic and social success, and these further influence the environment in which their children grow up. Adolescents also experience many difficulties in adjusting to parenthood and display a range of suboptimal parenting practices. Whereas some of these factors appear highly resistant to change, others have clear clinical, programmatic, and policy implications. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1500-1504)
Prevention of Restenosis by Systemic Drug Therapy
Authors: Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati, Rainer Wessely
Journal: Circulation (2005)

n this issue of Circulation, 2 studies report a positive outcome in patients who received oral pharmacotherapy for the prevention of restenosis after stent placement.In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Cilostazol for Restenosis Trial (CREST) trial, 1 patients were given cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor with antithrombotic 2 and antiproliferative 3 properties, for 6 months starting immediately after implantation of a bare-metal stent in a de novo target lesion.Minimal lumen diameter, the primary end point of this study, which comprised 705 patients, was larger among patients treated with cilostazol than among those who received placebo.Other angiographic but not clinical outcomes were also more favorable among patients assigned to the active treatment arm.
Pockets of Enthusiasm
Authors: David Kirsh
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Holt's communication, following closely on the heels of two other contributions questioning the diagnostic value of this procedure, should serve to dampen localized pockets of enthusiastic uncritical use of this diagnostic tool. One cannot describe the abnormal until one determines the range of normal, and Dr. Holt has shown the wide distribution and age range of what was unjustifiably considered abnormal. Since cervical discography is invariably followed by anterior discectomy and interbody fusion, the procedure lacks even the dignity of surgical confirmation. An occasional posterior surgical approach has shown how unreliable the discographic findings are. Despite the relatively high incidence of neckshoulder pain, the cases reported to date have shown a disproportionately high frequency of medicolegal involvement, suggesting a patient selectivity that lends the entire problem a verdant hue. One can't help wondering whether this has colored the thinking of some of those involved.
Salt and Water in Culture and Medicine
Authors: Richard H. Sterns
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Aficionados of fluid and electrolyte metabolism often refer to their specialty as the study of salt and water. At the age of 78, Poul Astrup, best known for his work on the measurement of blood gases, has given us a book that belongs on the shelves of every salt and water enthusiast. Even those less devoted to this discipline will not be disappointed. The text is a gold mine of medical and cultural history that can be enjoyed by physicians, physiologists, and lay persons. <i>Salt and Water in Culture and Medicine</i>is a compact, handsome volume. It is richly illustrated with an eclectic collection of prints that include paintings and photographs of our scientific forebears (Alcibiades, Arrhenius, Addison, Darrow, Donnan, Gamble, Gibbs, Haldane, Moore, Nernst, Paracelsus, Pasteur, Peters, Priestley, Ringer, Starling, van't Hoff, to name a few), numerous etchings, and even a mural painting taken from the wall of an
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: B J Maron, J S Gottdiener, W C Roberts, W L Henry, D D Savage, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (i.e., asymmetric septal hypertrophy) may show obstruction to left ventricular outflow under basal conditions or with provocative maneuvers. The presence of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with concentric ventricular wall thickening (but without abnormalities of the aortic valve) has been less well appreciated. Clinical and morphologic features of five patients with nondilated left ventricles and with left ventricular outflow obstruction are presented. In each patient peak systolic pressure gradients between left ventricle and systematic artery were measured at cardiac catheterization and ranged from 60-140 mm Hg under basal conditions or with provocation. Each patient had echocardiographically documented systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet, which was apparently responsible for the outflow obstruction, and concentric left ventricular wall thickening (septal-free wall thickness ratio of less than 1.3). Two of the five patients had evidence of genetically transmitted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as evidenced by disorganized muscle cells in the ventricular septum or asymmetric septal hypertrophy in first degree relatives. Hence, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet may occur in some patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy who do not have typical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Next Generation of Immunotherapy for Melanoma
Authors: John M. Kirkwood, Ahmad A. Tarhini, Monica C. Panelli, Stergios J. Moschos, Hassane M. Zarour, Lisa H. Butterfield, Helen J. Gogas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Immunotherapy has a long history with striking but limited success in patients with melanoma. To date, interleukin-2 and interferon-alfa2b are the only approved immunotherapeutic agents for melanoma in the United States.Tumor evasion of host immune responses, and strategies for overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression are reviewed. Several novel immunotherapies currently in worldwide phase III clinical testing for melanoma are discussed.The limitations of immunotherapy for melanoma stem from tumor-induced mechanisms of immune evasion that render the host tolerant of tumor antigens. For example, melanoma inhibits the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, preventing full T-cell activation and downregulating the effector antitumor immune response. New immunotherapies targeting critical regulatory elements of the immune system may overcome tolerance and promote a more effective antitumor immune response. These include monoclonal antibodies that block the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists. Blockade of CTLA4 prevents inhibitory signals that downregulate T-cell activation. TLR9 agonists stimulate dendritic cell maturation and ultimately induce a more effective immune response. These approaches have been shown to stimulate acute immune activation with concomitant appearance of transient adverse events mediated by the immune system. The pattern and duration of immune responses associated with these new modalities differ from those associated with cytokines and cytotoxic agents. In addition, vaccines are being developed that may ultimately target melanoma either alone or in combination with these immunomodulatory therapies.The successes of cytokine and interferon therapy of melanoma, coupled with an array of new approaches, are generating new enthusiasm for the immunotherapy of melanoma.
NEW DEVICES FOR CUTTING BONE.Read at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, held at Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 4-6, 1893.
Authors: ALLEN DE VILBISS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It is the exception and not the rule that new devices are made perfect from their first conception; they require repeated changing to strengthen weak parts and shape them suitable for the work intended. One may develop a device so that there seems to be no need of farther change, but when put to a practical test some points are liable to be discovered wherein it can be made better. This has been my experience, and the instruments I will show you have been developed through a series of practical tests. I have used them first upon the dead, afterward upon the living. I could report case after case of operations made with them on the skull, maxillary bones, ribs, nasal bones, etc., but the time I wish to occupy with this paper will not permit me do so. I will only try to give you a few points in