tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
947. Gene Directed Enzyme/Prodrug Therapy of Human Glioma Xenografts Using Mutant Escherichia coli Cytosine Deaminase
Authors: Sergey A. Kaliberov, Valentina Krendelchtchikova, Debbie Della Manna, Jeffrey C. Sellers, Lyudmila N. Kaliberova, Margaret E. Black, Donald J. Buchsbaum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Combined treatment using suicide gene therapy and radiation therapy has the potential to become a powerful new method of cancer therapy. We have developed a non-replicative adenoviral vector encoding a mutant bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD) gene harboring substitution of an alanine (A) for the aspartic acid (D) at position 314 in the CD protein (AdCD-D314A) which has a higher affinity for 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) than wild type bCD (CDwt). The purpose of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in vivo of the combination of AdCD-D314A with the prodrug 5-FC and radiation treatment (RT) against human glioma. The results of CD enzyme activity assays showed that the conversion of 3H-5-FC to 3H-5-FU was elevated 183.3, 205.6 and 102.2-fold in D54MG, U87MG and U251MG human glioma cells, respectively, for cells infected with 2 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of AdCD-D314A compared to AdCDwt. AdCD-D314A infection also resulted in increased 5-FC-mediated cell killing. The 50% inhibitory concentration produced by 5-FC decreased by 7.8-fold for D54MG, 32.9-fold for U87MG, and 8.1-fold for U251MG cells infected with 10 MOI of AdCD-D341A in comparison with AdCDwt. Animal studies showed significant inhibition of tumor growth of D54MG glioma subcutaneous xenografts by the combination of AdCD-D314A/5-FC with RT as compared with either agent alone, or with AdCDwt/5-FC plus RT. The results demonstrate that the combination of AdCD-D314A/5-FC with radiation produces markedly increased cytotoxicity in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo compared to AdCDwt. These data indicate that combined treatment with this novel mutant enzyme/prodrug therapy and radiotherapy provides a promising approach for glioma therapy.
Subclasses of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen in chronic HBV infection: changes during treatment with alpha interferons and predictors of response.
Authors: G Chen, P Karayiannis, M J McGarvey, A M Lever, J A McDonald, L J Scully, S Kanatakis, H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1989)

Response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers is preceded by the appearance of IgM class anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen). The temporal relationship and magnitude of the IgM anti-HBc response is variable suggesting that the antibody is not directly involved in hepatocyte lysis, but is merely a marker of a changed state of immunity to the nucleocapsid proteins, induced by interferon. IgG 1, 2, 3, and 4 class anti-HBc did not change during therapy, but IgG 3 anti-HBc was significantly lower in responders than non-responders. IgG anti-HBc of all subclasses was absent in two Chinese HBV carriers. Lower than normal titres of anti-HBc (p less than 0.001) were detected in human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive (anti-HIV) HBV carriers. These data indicate the presence of altered immunity to the nucleocapsid antigens in these two types of chronic HBV carrier that are known to respond poorly to antiviral therapy.
Impact of prophylactic immediate post-transplant genciclovir on development of transplant atherosclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Hannah A. Valantine, Shao-zhou Gao, Santosh Gopinathan, Dale G. Renlund, Sharon A. Hunt, Thomas C. Merigan, Philip Oyer, Edward B. Stinson, John S. Schroeder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
ICE-BAGS AND WHEN TO USE THEM.
Authors: P. A. AURNESS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The reluctance with which the laity used to submit to the application of ice-bags or to the use of cold water in disease is fast disappearing. Wholesome and general awakening to the full appreciation of the great remedial power possessed in the scientific application of simple means like water and its different forms, vapor or ice (hydrotherapy, thermotherapy or frigerotherapy) instead of relying on antipyretic and analgesic drugs, when fighting systemic or localized inflammations, is evidence that the teaching of men like Esmarch, Winternitz, Schlikoff and others is gaining ground. There is, however, still field for educational work, not alone among the laity, but also among physicians, as there are many who still keep on "crossing the river in going after water," as the saying is. Many medical men know the value of cold applications as well as the danger of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, yet they lack the moral
The Lancet 1823-1973.
Authors: W H McMenemey
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Sir Winston Churohill once told a medical gathering that were he to practise he would choose to be a surgeon, be- cause they got things done and renoved offending bodies.He, for his part, liked to eradicate all evil influences.Thomas Wakley presumably had the same thought when he named his brainchild The Lancet.*He had been a mem- ber of the Royal College of Surgeons for six years before the urge to publish a reforming journal became overwhelming.His wish was to expose injustices wherever they were and drain away corruption in society as he would the contents of an abscess.There were several inflated personalities in the colleges and teaching hospitals he wanted to prick and so reduce them to humbler proportions.He planned to attack privilege, banish nepotism, and protect the student from ex- ploitation and the public from malpraxis.Above all, his aim was to ensure that what was new and worthwhile for patients would be made known to all in the widely dispersed profession who cared to spend sixpence a week.His literary instru- ment would need to be sharp and pointed and perhaps double-edged.His confidence was such as to employ the definite article from the very first number.This remarkable journal has retained its character and pur- pose throughout a century and a half and, though the hands that have wielded the instrument since the days of Thomas Wakley have been gentler, and even at times lightly gloved, the edge and the point remain as sharp as ever, ready for any
Relationship between time to treatment, electrocardiographic ST-segment resolution, and outcomes with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the CADILLAC trial
Authors: Bruce R. Brodie, Bernard Gersh, Thomas D. Stuckey, Peter Zimetbaum, Michael G. McLaughlin, Eve D. Aymong, Roxana Mehran, Bill O'Neill, James E. Tcheng, Mark Turco, David A. Cox, Cindy L. Grines, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Dronabinol Approved for Use in Anorexia Associated With Weight Loss in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The FDA has approved a supplemental new drug application for dronabinol for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The new indication is based on clinical studies involving patients with AIDS, in which the appetite-stimulation effect of dronabinol was sustained for up to 5 months. Dronabinol is manufactured by Unimed Inc, of Buffalo Grove, Ill, under the trade name Marinol. The drug is distributed by Roxane Laboratories Inc of Columbus, Ohio. Dronabinol is chemically synthesized Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal active ingredient in marijuana. Dronabinol was approved initially in 1985 as an antiemetic for treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy (<i>JAMA</i>. 1986;256:817). In January 1991, dronabinol was granted Orphan Drug status for appetite stimulation in patients with AIDS-related weight loss. Orphan Drug status entitles a sponsor to financial incentives for developing drug products for diseases or conditions affecting fewer than 200 000
Abstract 4660: Antiproliferative effects of antagonists of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) in human cancer cells
Authors: Young-Ah Suh, Gi-Young Lee, Sun-Hae Lee, InHwan Bae, Maeng Sup Kim, Dong-Hoon Jin, Tae Won Kim, Se Jin Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are a family of proteins containing one or more conserved, cysteine and histidine-rich baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) N-terminal domains and a C-terminal RING domain The BIR domains of the IAPs form the zinc-figure-like structures that bind to active caspases to block caspase activity. The RING domain acts as an ubiquitin ligase to facilitate proteasomal degradation of caspases. Upregulation of IAPs is found in many tumor cell lines as well as in most primary tumor tissues. Increased expression of IAPs has been associated with apoptosis resistance and low sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in several tumor types. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of levels or functions of survivin and/XIAP with anti-sense, siRNA, and dominant negative mutant survivin genes induces the apoptotic cell death selectively in human tumor cells but not in normal cells. Like such, the importance of IAPs in regulating the apoptotic response and as molecular targets for production of therapeutic effects selectively in tumor cells have attracted a great attention to identify peptide antagonists or small molecule inhibitors for those proteins. In the effort to develop efficient antagonists of IAPs into chemotherapy drug, we analyzed the apoptotic effect of HM antagonists, novel small molecules inhibiting IAP activities, on non-small-cell lung cancer cells and colon cells. We also analyzed changes in cell signaling pathways after HM antagonists treatment to determine the mechanisms of the apoptotic response in cancer cells. Finally, the feasibility of using HM antagonists to sensitize human cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs was examined by combining HM antagonists with two commonly used agents, cisplatin and MK2206. In the present study, we have demonstrated that this reagent efficiently decreased IAPs expression in several NSCLC cells, especially on EGFR activated cells, as well as colon cells. It showed cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, and decreasing phosphor-Akt and phosphor-Erk, indicating that the reagents exerted antiapoptotic activity through inhibition of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Ongoing xenograft experiments using NSCLC cells and colon cells would manifest the potential chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4660. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4660
Switching From Rosiglitazone
Authors: Kasia J. Lipska
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The omnicardiogram Study of a proposed method for detecting coronary heart disease in an asymptomatic population.
Authors: P Nay, W B Kannel, W P Castelli, P M McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A proprietary, commercial technique has been proposed by its inventor as a noninvasive method of detecting subtle electrocardiogram abnormalities, not apparent by conventional means. To study the ability of the omnicardiogram to detect latent coronary heart disease in an asymptomatic population, 200 normal electrocardiograms from the Framingham Study cohort were analyzed by this technique. One-half of these consisted of the last normal electrocardiogram prior to development of clinical coronary heart disease. The omnicardiogram showed a higher degree of sensitivity than did the electrocardiogram to coronary heart disease, indicating an increased risk of myocardial infarction in this group. The low specificity of this technique as indicated by the large percentage of false positives shows that the omnicardiogram is not diagnostic of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic persons with normal electrocardiograms.
Muscle and Its Diseases: An Outline Primer of Basic Science and Clinical Method
Authors: Fred A. Ziter
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This softcover textbook attempts to provide the reader with a concise, problem-oriented outline of muscle basic sciences and neuromuscular diseases. The first of four sections, "Basic Science of Muscle," outlines in 46 pages anatomy, histology, growth and development, molecular basis of contraction, energetics, and biomechanics. "Clinical Techniques" is a brief review, in 58 pages, of the bedside examination and the various laboratory techniques employed in the workup of the weak patient: serum enzymes, electromyography, muscle biopsy, and genetics. "Classification and Diagnosis of Diseases" is a 64-page chapter outlining the clinical features of the major neuromuscular diseases, such as the spinal atrophies and dystrophies. "Management," constituting the last half of the book, describes the surgical and nonsurgical aspects of supportive care. The strength of this book lies in its second half. The management section has a good description of pathomechanics in muscle weakness and also covers many aspects of supportive care,
Insulin-Secreting Tumor of the Pancreas
Authors: Robin Johnston, Frederick C. Goetz, Bernard Zimmermann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

RESPONSE of the blood sugar after intravenous injection of tolbutamide has recently been recommended1 as a procedure of diagnostic value in patients suspected of harboring an insulin-secreting tumor. The use of a hypoglycemic agent in a patient who may already have low blood sugar levels obviously carries certain risks. To emphasize these, we wish to call attention to our experience with a patient who had an islet-cell adenoma.In the same patient a sample of blood from a pancreatic vein was obtained at operation shortly after removal of the tumor. The result of assay for insulinlike activity in this sample . . .
Collagen/Chondroitin Sulphate Ratio of Human Articular Cartilage Related to Function
Authors: B. F. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDICALJSoHuN^L 1295 operation cases was unusually cheerful and the need for post-operative drugs was much reduced.The method would appear to be of value in controlling pain following operations on the chest, upper abdomen, loin, and ano-rectal region: it may also prove of value in the treatment of fractured ribs.It would appear to be less effective when obesity makes accurate placing of the solution difficult, and is contra- indicated in the presence of infection.On theoretical grounds one would expect a reduction in secondary complications due to inhibition of the cough reflex and retention of urine, but our series is too small for the forming of any conclusions on this point.I am indebted to my colleague Dr.
Abstract B28: Signaling by PDGF-CC in the maintenance of a protumorigenic breast cancer microenvironment
Authors: Pernilla Roswall, Kristian Haller, Annika Petersson, Charlotte Anderberg, Hong Li, Jens-Henrik Norum, Rune Toftgård, Ulf Eriksson, Kristian Pietras
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It is increasingly appreciated that cancer results from the concerted performance of genetically altered tumor cells interacting with ostensibly normal cells in the microenvironment. As the cancer progresses, the surrounding stroma co-evolves into an activated state through continuous paracrine communication, thus creating a dynamic signaling circuitry that promotes cancer initiation and growth, and ultimately leads to a fatal disease. We aim to molecularly map the support functions performed by the various cell types comprising the tumor stroma. Specifically we will focus on, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are known to support many aspects of tumor progression. Based on our previous finding that paracrine signaling by Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC serves to recruit CAFs into tumors we have generated Pdgfc-deficient genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer. Our results show a significant reduction in the tumor burden followed by prolonged survival in the absence of PDGF-CC, in agreement with the recent finding that PDGF-CC expression is an indicator of poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Upon transplantation of small tumor pieces from wildtype and Pdgfc-deficient tumors respectively into the mammary fatpad of wildtype mice, Pdgfc-deficient tumors show substantial growth retardation with massive hemorrhage and necrosis, indicative of malfunctional vessels and insufficient blood supply. qPCR arrays on total RNA from wildtype and Pdgfc-deficient tumors respectively, suggest that lack of PDGF-CC causes perturbed differentiation yielding a less advanced tumor. Furthermore, we are currently investigating the differences observed in the recruited fibroblasts and/or MSCs in wildtype and Pdgfc-deficient tumors, by performing proteomics on isolated PDGFR-α positive cells. Tumor morphology in combination with proteomics suggests that the lack of PDGF-CC causes an impaired migration and/or guidance of the recruited fibroblasts from the periphery of the tumor. Thus, our studies suggest a novel role for PDGF-CC in creating a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment and identify PDGF-CC as a valid and promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. Citation Format: Pernilla Roswall, Kristian Haller, Annika Petersson, Charlotte Anderberg, Hong Li, Jens-Henrik Norum, Rune Toftgård, Ulf Eriksson, Kristian Pietras. Signaling by PDGF-CC in the maintenance of a protumorigenic breast cancer microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Preparation for Medical Education; A Restudy
Authors: Glen R. Leymaster
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book has 3 major parts: ( 1 ) a summary of the 1950-1952 school study performed in the same school group by essentially the same investigators as the present study; (2) a report of the restudy; and (3) a report of the Third Buck Hill Falls Conference held in 1958. The first 2 parts form a very scholarly, well written, and complete discussion of the major educational components of premedical education. This presentation is within the framework of the larger problem of general education at the college level and, thus, provides an excellent and well-balanced picture. The effective presentation of premedical education as one facet of a much larger problem is perhaps the most valuable aspect of the report. Because the area of study is admittedly lacking in useful quantitative data, the dependence on impressions for comparisons seems overdone. This is not to criticize the impressions, but rather an expression of
Fatal Agranulocytosis Following Chlorpropamide Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Harold Karlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE purpose of this paper is to describe a case of agranulocytosis that followed treatment with chlorpropamide. Because a normal bone-marrow picture was observed just before the institution of therapy with this drug and subsequent examination revealed maturation arrest of the granulocytes, the causal relation of chlorpropamide to the bone-marrow depression appears to be well established. It is interesting and worthy of emphasis that the dose of chlorpropamide administered did not exceed 0.5 gm. per day.Case ReportW.S., a 59-year-old man, was admitted to the Soldiers' Home on May 21, 1959, because of fever of a few days' duration. . . .
Malignant Eccrine Poroma and Isotretinoin
Authors: MICHAEL FRIEDLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

ExcerptTo the editor: A recent article by Roach (1) described a partial response to isotretinoin in a patient with metastatic malignant eccrine poroma. We recently treated a patient with this disease with the regimen described by Roach, but without response.A 53-year-old woman developed a posterior chest wall mass in 1980 and after initial local treatment remained asymptomatic. In February 1982 she received radiation therapy for a local skin recurrence. In September 1982 she developed a further recurrence in the skin of the left breast and left posterior chest wall and was treated with additional radiation therapy and topical fluorouracil....
Erlotinib: Recent Clinical Results and Ongoing Studies in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roman Perez-Soler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has shown to provide clinical benefit to patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of front-line chemotherapy in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. More importantly, because of its unique mechanism of action, erlotinib seems to provide higher clinical benefit to specific subgroups of patients. The continued development of erlotinib in NSCLC is focused on the following areas: (a) validating clinical and molecular markers of clinical benefit in front-line therapy, (b) developing therapies for acquired and naturally resistant tumors, (c) revisiting combinations with chemotherapy, (d) developing combinations with antiangiogenesis agents, and (e) understanding the biological significance of the skin toxicity and developing rational approaches for its treatment. Clinical studies addressing these five areas are ongoing and are briefly described in this review.
Dr. Croftan's Iodin Starch Test for Adrenal Extract.
Authors: Alfred C. Croftan
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Chicago, Jan. 29, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. S. P. Kramer, under the above caption (The Journal, Jan. 24, p. 257), mentions the fact that a series of organ extracts and ferment solutions other than adrenal or hypernephroma extract possess the power of decolorizing iodin starch solution. The inference is that this test is, therefore, of no value in the differentiation of adrenal tumors of the kidney from other tumors of this organ. That the preparations enumerated by Dr. Kramer can decolorize iodin starch solution is known to me. The decolorization is, however, by no means so prompt nor so complete. I could supplement his list by a considerable number of other bodies with reducing properties that can do the same. The practical value of the hypernephroma test is not, however, impaired hereby. For, as I took pains to determine and as I expressly mentioned in my "Note," no other
Free Technetium Simulating a Solitary Hepatic Defect on Technetium-99m Liver Scans
Authors: MATTHEW J. KUHN, C RICHARD GOLDFARB, FUKIAT ONGSENG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Sulfur colloid, poorly labeled with Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate, (“free tech”) produced liver scans on two patients that were each initially interpreted as demonstrating a solitary hepatic defect. Uptake in adjacent gastric mucosa created an appearance that simulated a mass in the left lobe of the liver. In both cases, the liver was literally cleared of suspicion when delayed scans performed several hours later showed gastric emptying into the small intestine. Subsequent thin layer chromatography confirmed adulteration of the Tc-99m sulfur colloid with Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate.