tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL VIBRIO INFECTIONS OF DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS
Authors: Armine T. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Developing chick embryos are highly susceptible to infection with strains on V. cholerae representing Gardner and Venkatraman's 6 groups and the types Inaba and Ogawa. There is a moderate decrease in susceptibility with advancing age of the embryo. The influence of dosage on survival rates is not marked, probably because a minimal dose, consisting of a very few organisms, is sufficient to produce death rapidly. Passive protection of a low order is conferred on the embryos by the introduction of inactivated specific immune serum at the time of inoculation of vibrios. This protective influence is enormously enhanced by the previous or simultaneous administration of guinea pig complement. The antigens of group I organisms which give rise to embryo-protective and bacteriolytic antibodies are dual in character. One antigen is shared by all members of the group and is productive of antibodies which will protect against infections with all strains of the group, of whatever type. The other antigen is type-specific, and its antibodies are protective and lytic only for organisms of the homologous type.
Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Alison M. Mondul, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Satu Männistö, Kirk Snyder, Ronald L. Horst, Jarmo Virtamo, Demetrius Albanes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Vitamin D may protect against several cancers, but data about the association between circulating vitamin D and bladder cancer are limited. Within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a randomized controlled trial conducted to determine the effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplements on cancer incidence in male smokers, 250 bladder cancer cases were randomly sampled by month of blood collection. Controls were matched 1:1 to cases on age at randomization and date of blood collection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of bladder cancer by a priori categories of baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; i.e., &amp;lt;25, 25 to &amp;lt;37.5, 37.5 to &amp;lt;50, ≥50 nmol/L] and by season-specific quartiles. After multivariable adjustment, we found that lower 25(OH)D was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of bladder cancer (versus ≥50 nmol/L; &amp;lt;25 nmol/L: OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03–2.91; 25 to &amp;lt;37.5 nmol/L: OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.05–3.14; 37.5 to &amp;lt;50 nmol/L: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02–3.02; P trend = 0.04). Similarly, increased risks for the lowest vitamin D category were observed when season-specific quartiles were used (Q1 versus Q4: OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.96–2.75; P trend = 0.03). In this prospective study of male smokers, lower serum 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Future studies should examine the association in other populations, especially nonsmokers and women. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9218–23. ©2010 AACR.
Dipyridamole-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Ramón Castelló
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In March 1987, an article entitled Dipyridamole-Induced Myocardial Ischemia was published inTHE Journal. 1 The authors described four patients awaiting urgent myocardial revascularization procedures in whom angina and ischemic electrocardiographic changes occurred after administration of oral dipyridamole. We were surprised to read the abstract because we considered it a common and well-known phenomenon. In their comment, however, the authors suggest that it must occur at other institutions, with an unknown prevalence.  In the last three years, we have hospitalized 453 patients for coronary artery bypass surgery. They all received 100 mg of oral dipyridamole four times a day for the two days before surgery. We observed exacerbation of angina and ischemic changes on electrocardiograms in 20 patients (4.4%). Anginal episodes always occurred at rest within 30 minutes of receiving the dipyridamole. In the majority of patients, symptoms and electrocardiographic changes resolved with sublingual nitroglycerin therapy. In
S165 Deprivation is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: P. F. Collins, R. J. Stratton, R. Kurukulaaratchy, M. Elia
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Deprivation is linked to increased incidence in a number of chronic diseases but its relationship to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is uncertain despite suggestions that the socioeconomic gradient seen in COPD is as great, if not greater, than any other disease (Prescott and Vestbo).1 There is also a need to take into account the confounding effects of malnutrition which have been shown to be independently linked to increased mortality (Collins <i>et al</i>).2 The current study investigated the influence of social deprivation on 1-year survival rates in COPD outpatients, independently of malnutrition. 424 outpatients with COPD were routinely screened for malnutrition risk using the ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’; ‘MUST’ (Elia),3 between July and May 2009; 222 males and 202 females; mean age 73 (SD 9.9) years; body mass index 25.8 (SD 6.3) kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Each individual9s deprivation was calculated using the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) which was established according to the geographical location of each patient9s address (postcode). IMD includes a number of indicators covering economic, housing and social issues (eg, health, education and employment) into a single deprivation score (Nobel <i>et al</i>).4 The lower the IMD score, the lower an individual9s deprivation. The IMD was assigned to each outpatient at the time of screening and related to1-year mortality from the date screened. Outpatients who died within 1-year of screening were significantly more likely to reside within a deprived postcode (IMD 19.7±SD 13.1 vs 15.4±SD 10.7; <i>p</i>=0.023, OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) than those that did not die. Deprivation remained a significant independent risk factor for 1-year mortality even when adjusted for malnutrition as well as age, gender and disease severity (binary logistic regression; <i>p</i>=0.008, OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.07). Deprivation was not associated with disease-severity (<i>p</i>=0.906) or body mass index, kg/m<sup>2</sup> (<i>p</i>=0.921) using ANOVA. This is the first study to show that deprivation, assessed using IMD, is associated with increased 1-year mortality in outpatients with COPD independently of malnutrition, age and disease severity. Deprivation should be considered in the targeted management of these patients.
Feedback Suppression of PI3Kα Signaling in PTEN-Mutated Tumors Is Relieved by Selective Inhibition of PI3Kβ
Authors: Sarit Schwartz, John Wongvipat, Cath B. Trigwell, Urs Hancox, Brett S. Carver, Vanessa Rodrik-Outmezguine, Marie Will, Paige Yellen, Elisa de Stanchina, José Baselga, Howard I. Scher, Simon T. Barry, Charles L. Sawyers, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Neal Rosen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Israel health minister bans AIDS campaign promoting condoms
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Israel's health minister, ultra-Orthodox rabbi Shlomo Benizri, has decided that the streets of Jerusalem—and elsewhere in Israel—would be “desecrated” by the sight of rolled up condoms on publicity posters for World AIDS Day So he has ordered officials to destroy posters and pamphlets with the “embarrassing” objects and replace …
TLR4-mediated inflammatory activation of human coronary artery endothelial cells by LPS
Authors: S Zeuke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Blood levels of cytokines are commonly elevated in severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and in coronary artery disease (CAD). While the adverse effects of cytokines on contractile function and myocardial cell integrity are well studied, little is known on whether cardiac cells are only targets or active players in these inflammatory reactions. Methods and results: We tested if human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) may become a source of cytokine and adhesion molecule expression when stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analysis of HCAEC supernatants by ELISA identified enhanced secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 while endothelin-1 was not increased. IL-1β, IL-10, or TNF-α were not detectable by ELISA while RT-PCR revealed enhanced mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α but not IL-10. FACS analysis showed an LPS-induced upregulation of ICAM-1, VCAM, and ELAM-1. LFA-1 could not be detected. We further characterized receptors involved in LPS-induced signaling. Our results indicate that activation of HCAEC by LPS requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Pretreating the cells with the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor Cerivastatin reduced IL-6 release. Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that activated HCAEC may act as inflammatory cells and thus directly contribute to the progression of CHF and CAD.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoenzyme Expression and Activity in Peripheral Lung Tissue of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Caterina Brindicci, Sergei A. Kharitonov, Misako Ito, Mark W. Elliott, James C. Hogg, Peter J. Barnes, Kazuhiro Ito
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Nitric oxide (NO) is increased in the lung periphery of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, expression of the NO synthase(s) responsible for elevated NO has not been identified in the peripheral lung tissue of patients with COPD of varying severity.Protein and mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase type I (neuronal NOS [nNOS]), type II (inducible NOS [iNOS]), and type III (endothelial NOS [eNOS]) were quantified by Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in specimens of surgically resected lung tissue from nonsmoker control subjects, patients with COPD of varying severity, and smokers without COPD, and in a lung epithelial cell line (A549). The effects of nitrative/oxidative stress on NOS expression and activity were also evaluated in vitro in A549 cells. nNOS nitration was quantified by immunoprecipitation and dimerization of nNOS was detected by low-temperature SDS-PAGE/Western blot in the presence of the peroxynitrite generator, 3-morpholinosydnonimine-N-ethylcarbamide (SIN1), in vitro and in vivo.Lung tissue from patients with severe and very severe COPD had graded increases in nNOS (mRNA and protein) compared with nonsmokers and normal smokers. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and SIN1 as well as the cytokine mixture (IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) increased mRNA expression and activity of nNOS in A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner compared with nontreated cells. Tyrosine nitration resulted in an increase in nNOS activity in vitro, but did not affect its dimerization.Patients with COPD have a significant increase in nNOS expression and activity that reflects the severity of the disease and may be secondary to oxidative stress.
lazaro Encodes a Lipid Phosphate Phosphohydrolase that Regulates Phosphatidylinositol Turnover during Drosophila Phototransduction
Authors: Isaac Garcia-Murillas, Trevor Pettitt, Elaine Macdonald, Hanneke Okkenhaug, Plamen Georgiev, Deepti Trivedi, Bassam Hassan, Michael Wakelam, Padinjat Raghu
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Abstract 5222: microRNA-148a is a prognostic oncomiR that targets MIG6 and BIM to regulate EGFR and apoptosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Jungeun Kim, Ying Zhang, Michael Skalski, Josie Hayes, Benjamin Kefas, David Schiff, Benjamin Purow, Sarah Parsons, Sean Lawler, Roger Abounader
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In this study, we uncovered microRNA-148a (miR-148a) as a novel prognostic and oncogenic microRNA in glioblastoma (GBM). MiR-148a expression was significantly higher in human GBM tissues, cell lines and stem cells (GSCs) as compared to normal human brain and astrocytes. High miR-148a levels were a risk indicator for GBM patient survival. MiR-148a increased GBM cell and GSC growth, survival, migration, and invasion as well as GSC neurosphere formation. We identified the EGFR regulator, MIG6, and the apoptosis regulator, BIM as two direct targets of miR-148a and showed with rescue experiments that they mediate the oncogenic effects of miR-148a. Importantly, by inhibiting MIG6 expression, miR-148a reduced EGFR trafficking to the Rab7-expressing late endosome/lysosomal compartments. This coincided with a reduction of EGFR degradation and induction of EGFR expression and activation. Lastly, inhibition of miR-148a expression led to a strong inhibition of GSC and GBM xenograft growth in vivo. These findings represent the first comprehensive analysis of the role of miR-148a in GBM. They show that miR-148a expression levels are predictive of patient survival and that this microRNA enhances malignancy by inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly activating EGFR. These results also suggest that miR-148a is a potential target for GBM therapy. Citation Format: Jungeun Kim, Ying Zhang, Michael Skalski, Josie Hayes, Benjamin Kefas, David Schiff, Benjamin Purow, Sarah Parsons, Sean Lawler, Roger Abounader. microRNA-148a is a prognostic oncomiR that targets MIG6 and BIM to regulate EGFR and apoptosis in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5222. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5222
SOME CLINICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA
Authors: D. SUURMOND, J. STEVENINCK, L. N. WENT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Summary— The cutaneous manifestations observed in 17 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria are briefly discussed. A fluorocyte concentration test has proved to be useful for screening protoporphyria families. An accelerated in vitro photohaemolysis could be demonstrated not only in blood from protoporphyria patients, but also in normal blood to which a protoporphyrin ester has been added. A number of reducing agents appeared to be more or less potent inhibitors of the protoporphyrin-induced photohaemolysis.
Glycaemic threshold for changes in electroencephalograms during hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes
Authors: S. Pramming, B. Thorsteinsson, B. Stigsby, C. Binder
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relation between blood glucose concentration, the symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia, and electroencephalographic changes in diabetic patients is not known. The effect of hypoglycaemia on brain function was studied in 13 patients with insulin dependent diabetes. During a gradual fall in blood glucose concentration induced by a bolus injection of insulin followed by an intravenous infusion of insulin, during 60 minutes of biochemical hypoglycaemia, and after restoration of normoglycaemia with intravenous glucose electroencephalograms were evaluated continuously by period-amplitude analysis; blood samples were taken every 10 minutes throughout. No changes were seen in electroencephalograms when the blood glucose concentration was above 3 mmol/l. At a median blood glucose concentration of 2·0 (95% confidence interval 1·7 to 2·3) mmol/l alpha activity decreased abruptly in the electroencephalograms concomitant with an increase in theta activity, reflecting neuronal dysfunction in the cortex. When the blood glucose concentration was further lowered changes were observed in the electroencephalograms indicating that deeper brain structures were affected. A normal electroencephalogram was re-established at a blood glucose concentration of 2·0 (1·8 to 2·1) mmol/l. There was no significant correlation between the blood glucose concentration at the onset of changes in the electroencephalograms and age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose, haemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> concentration, initial blood glucose concentration, rate of fall in blood glucose concentration, and appearance of symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia. Changes in electroencephalograms during hypoglycaemia appear and disappear at such a narrow range of blood glucose concentrations that the term threshold blood glucose concentration for the onset of such changes seems justified.
Abstract ADV17: A journey from diagnosis to survivor to advocate.
Authors: Meredith Parks
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In September 2011, at age 43, Meredith Parks was diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer. She had no medical history and was a mother of four young, school-age children. With the tireless support of her husband, Michael, and other family members, Meredith beat the disease. In the 16 months since her diagnosis, Meredith has had six rounds of chemotherapy, five surgeries, including a bilateral mastectomy and participated in a clinical trial for 12 months. While undergoing chemotherapy, Meredith captained and organized a team of 82 Relay for Life “Team Meredith” members, who walked 18 hours in June and contributed over $12,000 to Cancer Research. In addition to participating in the AACR Scientist&amp;lt;-&amp;gt;Survivor Program, Meredith is a Komen Advocate in Science. Meredith is also an active volunteer in the Johns Hopkins Breast Center in Baltimore, MD, where she provides one-on-one support in their imaging center. Meredith has found the answer to the question, “Why am I here?” She is determined to assist those furthering the hope, drive and necessity of a cure. Citation Format: Meredith Parks. A journey from diagnosis to survivor to advocate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV17. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV17
Traitement endoscopique associé aux ß-bloquants versus traitement endoscopique dans la prévention de la récidive hémorragique par rupture de varices oesophagiennes: résultats d'une méta-analyse
Authors: F Segalas-Largey, JP Daures, F Oberti, T Mazard, JC Valats, M Bismuth, F Navarro, P Cales, P Blanc
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Objectif: Les traitements endoscopiques, sclérothérapie (SVO) ou ligature élastique (LVO), sont efficaces dans la prévention de la récidive hémorragique par rupture de VO chez les malades ayant une hypertension portale. L'objectif de ce travail a été de déterminer si l'association à un béta-bloquant augmentait l'efficacité du traitement endoscopique.
P207Incidence of hypertension amoung patients suffer from osteoarthritis
Authors: M Shoukri
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Literature review regarding the link between osteoarthritis and increase risk of CVD with Clinical observation while doing POAC (preoperative assessment clinic) for orthopaedic patients. It was very common to see many patients attending for surgery suffer from hypertension, Most of them only suffer from hypertension only without any obvious aetiology for it, could it be related to the pathology of OA? What are the possible mechanisms linked both diseases. So the big question is: Will Patients with osteoarthritis be at risk of having hypertension? Introduction: There is increasing evidence to suggest a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation, demonstrated by persistent moderately elevated concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) within the normal range, has been shown to be predictive of both myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in prospective studies. The same phenomenon is observed whether individuals studied are apparently healthy (with or without classical cardiovascular risk factors) or have established vascular disease Aim of the study: To determine the incidence of hypertension among people who suffer from osteoarthritis and attend the assessment clinic to have orthopaedic surgery and to identify osteoarthritis as a risk factor for hypertension and explain the possible mechanism that links both diseases. It might help to 1- Identify the current treatment to control hypertension in those patients 2- Setting Rehab protocol for patients suffer from both diseases. Study Methodology: It is a case note and cross sectional study for patients who attend the assessment clinic. (All patients attending the preoperative assessment clinic over 3 years and suffer from hypertension and going for orthopaedic surgery will be in the study) We look to patients attending preoperative assessment clinic for elective orthopaedic surgery because of chronic pain and osteoarthritis and hypertension To determine the incidence of hypertension and compare the percentage of patients who have hypertension with definite causes and other patients with hypertension without definite cause but associated with OA We aim to see all patients attending the assessment clinic and suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis.
Calcium antagonist isradipine improves abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation in never treated hypertensive patients
Authors: F Perticone
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: To examine whether middle (two months) and long-term (six months) isradipine sustained-release treatment improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in never treated hypertensive patients. Methods: The responses of the forearm vasculature to acetylcholine (7.5, 15 and 30 μg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (0.8, 1.6, 3.2 μg/min) were evaluated in 12 normotensive controls (seven men and five women, aged 25 to 49 years), and in 12 hypertensives (eight men and four women, aged 20 to 47 years) at baseline and after two and six months of isradipine sustained-release treatment. Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Results: At baseline, the response to acetylcholine was significantly lower in hypertensives vs controls: at the highest dose (30 μg/min), forearm blood flow was 28.6±2.4 ml/100 ml of tissue per min in the controls vs 8.9±1.0 ml/100 ml of tissue per min in hypertensives (p<0.0001). Similarly, vascular resistance was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in hypertensives: 4.8±0.5 units (controls) vs 15.1±1.7 units (hypertensives). After isradipine treatment, the forearm blood flow in hypertensive patients changed from 8.9±1.0 ml/100 ml of tissue per min to 16.0±1.2 ml/100 ml of tissue per min (two months; p<0.0001) and 15.2±1.4 ml/100 ml of tissue per min (six months; p<0.0001). Isradipine treatment did not modify the vasodilating effect of sodium nitroprusside. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate for the first time that the calcium antagonist isradipine improves acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in hypertensives.
Letter: Nurse specialists in family planning.
Authors: T G White
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The author is opposed to training nurses in family planning techniques, especially in IUD insertion and the prescription of oral contraceptives, when there are plenty of doctors willing to do this in the course of their daily pactices. He feels the women would not do the work competently, and that it is the supervisory doctors who would suffer through lawsuits and damaged reputations.