tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CUTANEOUS REACTIVITY OF IMMUNE AND HYPERSENSITIVE RABBITS TO INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS OF HOMOLOGOUS INDIFFERENT STREPTOCOCCUS AND ITS FRACTIONS
Authors: Currier McEwen, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

Rabbits were immunized intravenously with intact indifferent streptococci, with homologous P fraction, and with an emulsion of mechanically ground cocci; others were sensitized by intravenous injection of the intact microorganisms. Their serologic and dermal reactions to these materials and to the homologous S fraction were compared with those of normal animals. The dissociation, in certain instances, between circulating antibody and dermal reactivity was noteworthy. From the results the following conclusions were drawn. 1. Intradermal injection of a soluble streptococcal protein into a rabbit immunized intravenously with that protein leads to the immediate anaphylactic type of skin response; while similar dermal testing of a rabbit sensitized by intracutaneous inoculation of the intact microorganism induces the delayed (tuberculin) type of response. 2. The induction of the immediate type of dermal reaction to streptococcal protein requires more than the mere presence of a high serum precipitin titer to that protein. 3. Lesions of the immediate type can be induced by the intradermal injection of a streptococcal carbohydrate into rabbits immunized intravenously with intact cocci and showing a high serum precipitin titer to that carbohydrate. 4. Intravenous immunization of rabbits with an emulsion of mechanically ground indifferent streptococci leads to the production of only non-type-specific antibodies. 5. It is possible that carbohydrate as well as protein fractions of indifferent streptococci are capable of eliciting the delayed type of dermal response in rabbits intracutaneously sensitized with that microorganism.
Clinical trials update and cumulative meta‐analyses from the American College of Cardiology: WATCH, SCD‐HeFT, DINAMIT, CASINO, INSPIRE, STRATUS‐US, RIO‐Lipids and cardiac resynchronisation therapy in heart failure
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Justin Ghosh, Nick Freemantle, Gerry C. Kaye, Mansoor Nasir, Andrew L. Clark, Alison P. Coletta
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
PANDEMIC OF NEW TYPE OF CONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: Reisaku Kono, Akira Sasagawa, Keizo Ishii, Michinari Ochi, Seiji Sugiura, Hidemi Matsumiya, Yukio Uchida, Kazuko Kameyama, Michiko Kaneko, Nakao Sakurai
Journal: The Lancet (1972)
Mutation in the mitochondrial translation elongation factor EFTs results in severe infantile liver failure
Authors: Vanessa Vedrenne, Louise Galmiche, Dominique Chretien, Pascale de Lonlay, Arnold Munnich, Agnès Rötig
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Multiple respiratory chain deficiencies represent a common cause of mitochondrial diseases and often result in hepatic failure. A significant fraction of patients present mitochondrial DNA depletion but a number of cases remain unexplained. The aim of our study was to identify the disease causing gene in a kindred with intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal lactic acidosis, liver dysfunction and multiple respiratory chain deficiency in muscle.Homozygosity mapping was performed by 50K SNP genotyping and candidate genes were successively analyzed by direct sequencing on genomic DNA of the family members.SNP genotyping detected several regions of homozygosity in which we focused our attention to genes involved in mitochondrial translation. We sequenced the TSFM gene, encoding the mitochondrial translation factor EFTs and identified a homozygous mutation changing a highly conserved arginine into a tryptophan (R312W).This mutation has been previously reported in two unrelated kindred presenting two distinct syndromes (fatal mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy respectively). The description of a third syndrome associated with a same TSFM mutation gives support to the broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial translation deficiencies in human. It suggests that mitochondrial translation deficiency represents a growing cause of hepatic failure of mitochondrial origin in infants.
Personal Papers: Voyage around my father
Authors: M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Going on his rounds with my father started as far back as I remember and was a part of my life to some extent until he died when I was in my mid-thirties.As a youngster it was almost an undiluted pleasure to go out in the car and play at the farms while he made his calls.Later on the pleasure was less certain.On a fine summer's day without many visits it was great fun to play in a stream or (if the farmer was not watching) climb a haystack or wrestle a sheep.And some of the farmers' wives gave us sweets or buns.But sometimes, particularly in the winter when the weather was bad, and Father was busy, it was a miserable bore-moving quickly from house to house in dreary damp villages, wanting to go home, and getting more hungry as lunch time went past hour by hour till two or three o'clock.On a good day there might be six or eight visits; on a bad one there might be twenty.These rounds were very different from those I make as a professor of medicine, in which for much of the time I just sit in a conference room and then walk round the wards in the company of two or three other doctors. Seven gatesFather's rounds were spread over an area of about 20 miles up the dale and about 10 miles from north to south.We zigzagged through the country lanes trying to work out a route which was a compromise between the least travelling and the urgency of the different .patients.On the whole, Sunday was both inescapable and pleasant.Father had no surgery on Sunday morning, and he would visit only the more seriously ill or those whom he liked.Furthermore, the alternative to going out with him was to go to church with grandma.But in the holidays, especially when the weather was bad and there were epidemics of measles, flu, and pneumonia, it could be very trying.If father came pounding in after morning surgery saying "Who's coming on rounds ?" my brother and I knew what he meant: gates to be opened.
Modulation of regulatory T-cell activity in combination with interleukin-12 increases hepatic tolerogenicity in woodchucks with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Itziar Otano, Lester Suarez, Javier Dotor, Manuela Gonzalez-Aparicio, Julien Crettaz, Cristina Olagüe, Africal Vales, Jose Ignacio Riezu, Esther Larrea, Francisco Borras, Alberto Benito, Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba, Stephan Menne, Jesús Prieto, Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in the modulation of immune responses to viral antigens in chronic viral hepatitis. Woodchucks (Marmota monax) infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) represent the best animal model for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Examination of intrahepatic and peripheral Treg in uninfected and WHV chronically infected woodchucks showed a significant increase of intrahepatic Treg numbers in chronically infected animals, whereas no differences were found in peripheral blood. In agreement with these data, higher expression levels of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were detected in the liver of chronic WHV carriers in comparison to uninfected animals. Furthermore, treatment of WHV-infected animals with an adenovirus encoding IL-12 failed to reduce viral load, a finding that was associated with lymphocyte unresponsiveness to IL-12 stimulation in vitro. We observed that TGF-β and Treg play a major role in the lack of lymphocyte response to IL-12 stimulation, as TGF-β inhibition and Treg depletion allowed recovery of T-cell responsiveness to this cytokine. Based on these results, woodchucks were treated with IL-12 in combination with a TGF-β inhibitory peptide or Treg depletion. However, no antiviral effect was achieved and, instead, an enhancement of the intrahepatic tolerogenic environment was observed.Our data show that TGF-β inhibition or Treg depletion had no added benefit over IL-12 therapy in chronic WHV infection. IL-12 immunostimulation induces a strong immunosuppressive reaction in the liver of chronic WHV carriers that counteracts the antiviral effect of the treatment.
P1-12-23: HER4 Coexpression Is Associated with Improved Recurrence Free Survival in HER2−Positive, Herceptin Treated Patients.
Authors: G Brockhoff, A Machleidt, G Piendl, S Seegers, A Sassen, S Diermeier-Daucher, S Buchholz, O Ortmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Individual therapy efficiency of HER2−positive metastatic and pre-metastatic breast cancer patients varies significantly and spans from effectual responsiveness over acquired insensitivity to complete resistance from the outset. Thus no predictive information can be deduced from HER2 diagnostics so that molecular biomarkers indicative for sensitivity / resistance to Herceptin are needed to be identified. The HER2 related HER4-receptor has been shown to have ambivalent (pro-apoptotic or pro-proliferative) activity and consequently represents a prime candidate to affect HER2 activity under Herceptin treatment. We retrospectively analyzed potential her4 gene amplification and HER4 protein expression in HER2−positive, Herceptin treated patients. Patient's overall and recurrence free survival was evaluated as a function of HER2/HER4 expression. Methods: Using dual color Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH probes, Zytovision, Bremerhaven, Germany) and qPCR (LC480, Roche, Penzberg, Germany) we quantitatively investigated primary breast cancer tissues from nearly 50 (FISH) and 160 (PCR) patients who received Herceptin treatment. We quantified the her4 gene copy numbers and evaluated the protein expression profile of all four known HER4 isotypes (JM-a/CYT1, JM-a/CYT2, JM-b/CYT1, JM-b/CYT2). Results: FISH analysis revealed a positive and independent prognostic marker in Herceptin treated breast cancer patients with respect to overall survival. Moreover by quantitative PCR analysis we found a significant variability of HER4 protein expression (JM-a/CYT1 and JM-a/CYT2; no JM-b isotypes) in HER2 positive breast cancer tissues, whereas HER2/HER4 positive patients show a significant better recurrence free survival compared to HER2 positive but HER4 negative patients (p = 0,003). Conclusions: HER4 has been demonstrated to potentially exert tumor suppressing activity and in turn to have a favourable impact on the course of breast cancer disease. We show here that HER4 expression prolongs in particular recurrence free survival of Herceptin treated patients which indicates a functional integration of HER4 into anti-HER2 targeting. Complementing functional studies allowing for isotype specific function of HER4 will elucidate the special role of this receptor tyrosine kinase in the context of Herceptin treatment and might facilitate individualized anti-ErbB-receptor targeting with higher efficiency. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-23.
Response of Megaloblastic Anaemia of Pregnancy to Crystalline Penicillin G
Authors: H. Foy, A. Kondi, A. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a case of megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy which was success- fully treated solely with injections of crystalline peni- cillin G, 400,000 units daily for 17 days.The reticulo- cyte, erythrocyte, and haemoglobin responses were maximal for the blood count and conformed to the criteria described by Ungley (1950) for 15th-day res- ponses.
Hyperbaric Oxygen, Allopurinol, and Diet-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: H. Degertekin, A. Ertan, R. D. Yater, K. Van Meter, K. Akdamar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Hyperbaric Oxygen, Allopurinol, and Diet-Induced Acute PancreatitisHALIL DEGERTEKIN, M.D., ATILLA ERTAN, M.D., ROBERT D. YATES, Ph.D., KEITH VAN METER, M.D., AKDAMAR KEMAL, M.D.HALIL DEGERTEKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ATILLA ERTAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT D. YATES, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, KEITH VAN METER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, AKDAMAR KEMAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-474_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: McCord's recent article has drawn attention to the importance of oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury (1). Evidence implicating oxygen radicals in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract has also been presented (2).Because the role of oxygen-free radicals in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is unknown, we investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (a putative scavenger of the hydroxyl radical), on female CD-1 mice with acute pancreatitis induced by a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet. One hundred twenty mice were fed the test diet or a normal diet for 48...References1. MCCORD J. Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:159-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PARKSBULKLEYGRANGER DGD. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in digestive tract diseases. Surgery. 1983;94:415-22. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tulane University Medical School New Orleans, LA 70112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe acute pancreatitisPOTENTIAL EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN ACUTE PANCREATITISThe role of oxygen free radicals in experimental acute pancreatitis in the ratThe beneficial effect of superoxide dismutase on the rat liver graft 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 474-474KeywordsAcute pancreatitisAllopurinolDietGastrointestinal tractHyperbaric oxygenOxygenPathogenesis Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Subcellular calcium content in cardiomyopathic hamster hearts in vivo: an electron probe study.
Authors: M Bond, A R Jaraki, C H Disch, B P Healy
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

In the Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster heart, abnormal cellular calcium regulation, resulting in cellular calcium overload, is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Alternatively, the primary abnormality may be coronary vasospasm, resulting in reperfusion-induced necrosis. According to the latter hypothesis, only those cells that suffer an ischemic insult would contain elevated calcium levels. To determine whether a generalized elevation in myocytic calcium exists in myopathic hamster hearts, we measured cellular and subcellular calcium concentrations by electron probe microanalysis in cryosections of 50-day and 96-day myopathic and control hearts, rapidly frozen in vivo. Total calcium content of ventricular homogenates from each group was also measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No significant differences in subcellular calcium were found by electron probe microanalysis among 50-day and 96-day myopathics and their age-matched controls. In 50-day myopathic and control hearts, mitochondrial calcium was 0.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.9 +/- 0.2, respectively, and A-band calcium was 3.0 +/- 0.4 and 2.6 +/- 0.4 mmol calcium/kg dry wt(+/- SEM). Results from 96-day animals were similar. Localized regions of elevated calcium were found only at sites of necrotic foci: in Na+-loaded cells (mitochondria: 4.7 +/- 1.3 (SEM) mmol/kg dry wt), in dying cells (mitochondria: 72 +/- 22 (SEM) mmol/kg dry wt) or as extracellular deposits (7-10 mol/kg dry wt). Total calcium content of hearts from myopathic hamsters, as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, was also 13 times (50-day) and 50 times (96-day) higher than controls. These results demonstrate that there is a marked heterogeneity in cellular calcium content in myopathic hamster hearts, but the data do not support the hypothesis of a generalized cellular calcium overload.
The impact of methotrexate on psycho-organic functioning
Authors: P. DULLER, P.C.M. Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article The impact of methotrexate on psycho‐organic functioning Get access P. DULLER, P. DULLER Department of Dermatology University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.C.M. van de Kerkhof P.C.M. van de Kerkhof Department of Dermatology University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue 4, 1 October 1985, Pages 503–504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02369.x Published: 01 October 1985
A SIMPLE COLOR TEST FOR BROMINE IN BODY FLUIDS
Authors: GEORGE H. BELOTE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Salts of bromine have largely been replaced by phenobarbital and other sedatives in the treatment of epilepsy, and as sedatives in other neurologic conditions. Nevertheless, bromides are still extensively used, particularly in the form of "patent medicines" and nostrums taken for the relief of headache, colds, influenza, and even as laxatives. The untoward effects that not infrequently follow the ingestion of even small amounts of bromide are well known. The lesser evidences of what might be termed bromide intoxication, or bromism, are gastroenteritis, and the less severe types of bromexanthems or bromodermas. Of more serious consequence are occasional definite toxic psychoses and the more severe forms of bromodermas. Of the three halogens, bromine is the most difficult to determine qualitatively in body fluids, especially in the presence of the other two. In a recent study of the experimental aspects of iodide and bromide exanthems, Wile<sup>1</sup>showed that in body
Circumlesional scaling induced by vitamin D - a guide to compliance
Authors: J. Berth-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Sir, I would like to draw attention to a sign that I have observed, for over a decade, to be a fairly consistent finding in patients applying a topical vitamin D analogue to psoriatic plaques. I have found this sign to be a helpful indicator of compliance with this treatment and almost as dependable as the skin staining associated with dithranol (anthralin) therapy. The sign is a margin of scale around treated plaques (Fig. 1a,b). This is usually adherent peripherally with a free edge pointing towards the centre of the plaque. This ring of scale is situated at the margin of the plaque or slightly outside this margin. There is often associated erythema which surrounds the treated plaque (Fig. 1a). On occasions, two or more concentric rings of scale may be present (Fig. 1b). I have observed this sign most often in patients using calcipotriol cream or ointment 50 µg g−1and also in patients applying tacalcitol ointment 4 µg g−1 and other vitamin D analogues. The sign appears soon after commencing treatment and disappears gradually over the course of about a week when discontinued. It is therefore indicative of compliance over the few days immediately prior to a consultation.
Giant Diverticulum of Urinary Bladder Causing Bilateral Hydronephrosis in an Adult
Authors: RAJNISH SHARMA, ANUPAM MONDAL, RATHNAKAR SHERIGAR, MANJU POPLI, M. K. CHOPRA, RAVI KASHYAP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 24-year-old man with congenital bladder diverticula leading to bilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed on radionuclide scintigraphy is described. Diagnostic findings of sonogram and CT scan are also mentioned.
Valproic Acid (Depakene)
Authors: John R. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Valproic acid, a new anticonvulsant, is most effective in absence seizures (simple and complex), but it has produced improvement in tonicclonic seizures, mixed absence with tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic epilepsy. It is useful alone or as an adjunct to other anticonvulsants and may allow the dosage of the latter to be reduced. Some patients who are refractory to other anticonvulsants may respond to valproic acid. Adverse reactions occur in about 20% of patients. Gastrointestinal disturbances and drowsiness (usually noted when valproic acid is given with other anticonvulsants) are the most common reactions; hair loss is observed less frequently. Untoward effects are usually transient and do not require discontinuation of use of the drug.
Sexual abstinence only programmes to prevent HIV infection in high income countries: systematic review
Authors: Kristen Underhill, Paul Montgomery, Don Operario
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of sexual abstinence only programmes for HIV prevention among participants in high income countries. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> 30 electronic databases without linguistic or geographical restrictions to February 2007, contacts with experts, hand searching, and cross referencing. <b>Review methods</b> Two reviewers independently applied inclusion criteria and extracted data, resolving disagreements by consensus and referral to a third reviewer. Randomised and quasirandomised controlled trials of abstinence only programmes in any high income country were included. Programmes aimed to prevent HIV only or both pregnancy and HIV. Trials evaluated biological outcomes (incidence of HIV, sexually transmitted infection, pregnancy) or behavioural outcomes (incidence or frequency of unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex; incidence or frequency of any vaginal, anal, or oral sex; number of partners; condom use; sexual initiation). <b>Results</b> The search identified 13 trials enrolling about 15 940 US youths. All outcomes were self reported. Compared with various controls, no programme affected incidence of unprotected vaginal sex, number of partners, condom use, or sexual initiation. One trial observed adverse effects at short term follow-up (sexually transmitted infections, frequency of sex) and long term follow-up (sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy) compared with usual care, but findings were offset by trials with non-significant results. Another trial observed a protective effect on incidence of vaginal sex compared with usual care, but this was limited to short term follow-up and countered by trials with non-significant findings. Heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis. <b>Conclusion</b> Programmes that exclusively encourage abstinence from sex do not seem to affect the risk of HIV infection in high income countries, as measured by self reported biological and behavioural outcomes.