tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergy to peanut, nuts, and sesame seed in Australian children
Authors: R Sporik, D Hill
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Widow's fight for husband's sperm Intervention by BMA's ethics committee was ill judged EDrTOR,-The involvement of the BMA's ethics committee in the recent decision by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to refuse to allow Mrs Diane Blood to be inseminated with sperm obtained from her husband after his death was ill judged.'In a letter to the authority Dr Stuart Horner, the chairman of the ethics committee, said, "ethically, whether the consent is in writing or given orally is irrelevant.The essential issue is the quality of that consent."No reasonable person would be likely to disagree with that sensible statement.However, he went on to say, "From the information portrayed in the media there is no evidence that Mr Blood had clearly thought through the issue."Many people are extremely concerned that the ethics committee made representations to the authority on the basis of evidence purely derived from the media.As it happens, there is ample evidence that both Mr and Mrs Blood had con- sidered this issue extremely seriously before Mr Blood's sudden death.
Onchocerciasis in members of an expedition to Cameroon: role of advice before travel and long term follow up.
Authors: D. Pryce, R. Behrens, R. Davidson, P. Chiodini, A. Bryceson, J. McLeod
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Delayed heart repolarisation is marked by prolonged QT interval on electrocardiography and may be complicated by ventricular arrhythmias, syncope, and sudden death.'Such events have recently been associated with severe malnutrition, as occurs in anorexia nervosa2 and after ileojejunal bypass.3These reports have prompted us to measure QT interval in adult patients with coeliac disease, a condition which often presents with nutritional impairment.
Guidelines for management of asthma
Authors: D G McGeehan
Journal: BMJ (1990)

tract who develop acute papillary necrosis.Such patients will not present with renal failure if the contralateral kidney functions normally, and under these circumstances the diagnosis of an obstructed pyonephrosis can easily be delayed, with potentially serious consequences for renal function.If acute obstruction is suspected in the presence of infection a negative ultrasonogram is of no clinical value (and, as Dr Webb implies, a dilated collecting system will require further evaluation by other means).Such patients deserve urography, and if this shows a "non-functioning" kidney antegrade pyelography should be carried out, which can be followed by percutaneous drainage if obstruction is present.
Therapeutic effect of cimetidine in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Authors: R H Jones, M R Lewin, V Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Blood concentrations of cimetidine were measured and the therapeutic effect of the drug assessed patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Thirteen patients were given a single oral 200-mg dose of cimetidine a mean of 2.7 hours before the start of dialysis. Dialysing for 6--12-6 m2 hours led to a mean fall of 71% in blood cimetidine concentration during haemodialysis. Nine patients with various upper gastrointestinal lesions diagnosed endoscopically were treated for up to six weeks with a reduced cimetidine dose of 200 mg 12-hourly; two patients received two courses of treatment. Repeat endoscopy after treatment disclosed satisfactory healing, and the drug did not accumulate. This lower dose regimen is recommended for patients receiving dialysis who develop upper gastrointestinal lesions for which a histamine H2-receptor antagonist is indicated.
370. Multi-Copy, Multi-siRNA Vectors as Versatile Tools for Multiple Gene Knock-Down Applications
Authors: Laura Poliseno, Monica Evangelista, Mauro Giacca, Giuseppe Rainaldi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The possibility to construct vectors for the simultaneous expression of multiple siRNAs targeted against more than one gene would significantly improve several RNAi applications. All isoforms of the same gene or cluster of genes involved in the same pathway could be knocked down at once, with a conceivable increase in efficiency, especially in the study of complex signal transduction cascades and in the therapy of multigene disorders.
C-Peptide Levels in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Treated With Linagliptin Versus Glimepiride: Exploratory Results From a 2-Year Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Odd Erik Johansen, Bernhard O. Boehm, Valdemar Grill, Peter A. Torjesen, Sudipta Bhattacharya, Sanjay Patel, Kristiane Wetzel, Hans-Juergen Woerle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly progressing form of immune-mediated diabetes often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes because of its typical clinical presentation, i.e., an adult without weight loss or ketoacidosis not initially requiring insulin (1). Prior to insulin dependence, pharmacological options for reducing hyperglycemia comprise the oral glucose-lowering drugs used in type 2 diabetes; however, none has been established as the drug of choice in LADA because of the scarcity of evidence for or against the various agents (2).

This study was a prespecified, exploratory analysis of a large ( n = 1,519) trial in which patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c of 6.5–10.0% (48–86 mmol/mol) on metformin were randomized to additional once-daily linagliptin 5 mg or glimepiride 1−4 mg for 2 years (NCT00622284) (3). Fasting plasma samples taken during the study were tested for autoantibodies against GAD 65-kDa isoform (GAD65), islet cell cytoplasm, tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2A), or insulin (IAA), and patients were classified as having LADA if positive for …
Use of Fluorescent Electronic Endoscopy in the Evaluation of Peptic Ulcers
Authors: T. Satoh, T. Kodama, K. Kashima, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Duodenal Ulcer Perfusion During the Healing Process - An Endoscopic Laser-Doppler Flowmetry StudyEndoscopy 1993; 25(06): 441-442DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010364
Standardized Hemodialysis Prescriptions Promote Inadequate Treatment in Patients with Large Body Mass
Authors: Onyekachi Ifudu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Although a relation between the adequacy of hemodialysis and mortality has been established, hemodialysis prescription is rarely individualized precisely in adults with end-stage renal disease in the United States.To test whether persons who receive standardized hemodialysis prescriptions have an increased risk for inadequate hemodialysis with increasing body mass.Cross-sectional study.Four ambulatory hemodialysis facilities in Brooklyn, New York.214 patients receiving hemodialysis. Patients were sorted by body weight into quartiles (groups 1 through 4, in ascending order).Urea reduction ratio (percentage reduction in blood urea nitrogen concentration after a hemodialysis session), prescribed length of hemodialysis, and body weight quartile at the start of the study. Urea reduction ratio was measured at the start of the study and at weeks 4, 8, and 12, and a mean value was calculated for each patient. Inadequate hemodialysis was defined by a urea reduction ratio of 65% or less.Women had a higher mean urea reduction ratio (72% +/- 6%) than men (67.6% +/- 7%) (P < 0.001). The urea reduction ratio was inversely related to body weight (r = -0.47; P = 0.001). It was greater in group 1 (74% +/- 5.2%) than in group 2 (70% +/- 5.7%), group 3 (68% +/- 5.8%), or group 4 (66% +/- 8.4%) (P < 0.05). Logistic regression done with a urea reduction ratio of 65% or less as the outcome variable showed that the odds of receiving inadequate hemodialysis were increased 3.5-fold in men (95% CI, 1.53-fold to 8-fold; P = 0.003), 10-fold in group 3 (CI, 2.1-fold to 50.3-fold; P = 0.003), and 13-fold in group 4 (CI, 2.6-fold to 61.6-fold; P = 0.001).Standardized hemodialysis prescriptions result in inadequate hemodialysis in many patients who weigh more than 68.2 kg.
Half of the family members of critically ill patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness
Authors: Avelino C. Verceles, Douglas S. Corwin, Majid Afshar, Eliot B. Friedman, Michael T. McCurdy, Carl Shanholtz, Karen Oakjones, Marc T. Zubrow, Jennifer Titus, Giora Netzer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Alopecia areata: alterations in the hair growth cycle and correlation with the follicular pathology
Authors: A.G. MESSENGER, D.N. SLATER, S.S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A histopathological study was performed in 17 patients with alopecia areata to elucidate the changes in hair cycle dynamics. The findings confirm the view that the initial event in alopecia areata is the premature entry of anagen follicles into telogen, although some follicles survive for a time in a dystrophic anagen state. However, after re-entry into anagen takes place, growth appears to be halted in anagen III rather than anagen IV, as has previously been suggested. Follicles then return prematurely to telogen and these truncated cycles are repeated until the disease activity subsides. A new pathogenic hypothesis is presented which relates alterations in hair cycle dynamics to pathological changes within the anagen follicle and also provides an explanation for the formation of exclamation mark hairs and the non-destructive nature of the disease.
Diet-induced expansion of pathobionts in experimental colitis
Authors: Suzanne Devkota, Eugene B. Chang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Evidence presented in our recent study and elsewhere suggests that the interplay of dietary macronutrients with the intestinal lumen alters the microbial environment, and thus host-microbe interactions, in ways that are not always in a favorable, mutualistic fashion. Specifically, in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), experimental and clinical observations have implicated a detrimental impact of environmental/microbial factors on the etiopathogenesis of IBD in individuals with a background of genetic susceptibility to the disease.Citation1 Thus, now more than ever, we are realizing that specific intestinal microbes can metabolize and react to a wide array of dietary compositions that, in turn, markedly alter microbial populations. We aimed to understand if certain dietary fats that are prevalent in Western diets are capable of precipitating colonic inflammation through their actions on the enteric microbiota. On a background of genetic susceptibility, these microbial changes can impact host immune homeostasis and increase risk for disease. Here we elaborate on our findings and their potential implications for future medical care.
789 ROLE OF THE AUTOPHAGY IN HEPATOCYTE DEATH IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD): STUDY IN VITRO, IN MICE AND IN HUMANS
Authors: V. Lavallard, S. Bonnafous, D. Rousseau, B. Bailly-Maitre, R. Anty, M.-C. Saint-Paul, J.-L. Sadoul, A. Ianelli, V. Deveaux, S. Lotersztajn, P. Gounon, J. Gugenheim, Y. Le Marchand-Brustel, A. Tran, P. Gual
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The Kinase Akt1 Controls Macrophage Response to Lipopolysaccharide by Regulating MicroRNAs
Authors: Ariadne Androulidaki, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Alicia Arranz, Christina Doxaki, Steffen Schworer, Vassiliki Zacharioudaki, Andrew N. Margioris, Philip N. Tsichlis, Christos Tsatsanis
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Mitral Insufficiency in Marfan's Syndrome: Surgical Correction
Authors: Joseph C. Kiser
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> What follows is the report of a middle-aged man with a Marfan's syndrome in whom a Starr-Edwards prosthesis was inserted to replace an insufficient mitral valve. The case is reported because Marfan's syndrome usually afflicts the aortic valve, not the mitral, and because it illustrates why the mitral valve damaged by this disease should be replaced, not repaired. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on Jan 20, 1970, because of a six-month history of progressive exertional dyspnea, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance. Before these symptoms started, he worked actively as a machinist though he was known to have had a heart murmur for ten years. He stood 187.96 cm (6 ft 2 inches) tall, weighed 63 kg (139 lb), had long narrow fingers, a pigeon breast, lenticular ectopia, and a high arching palate. His blood pressure was 117/80 mm Hg and
RARE CASES OF ARHYTHMIA.
Authors: JAMES M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Arhythmia is a symptom that is common to many diseases and conditions, but the scope of the present article is limited principally to the clinical features of certain forms of the disorder not hitherto described, that have fallen under my observation. The examples that I shall adduce are too few to establish tenable hypotheses, either in their etiologic or clinico-pathologic bearings, yet they present points of rare clinical interest. The first case occurred in the person of a physician, aged 40 years, who had been an abuser of tobacco for a protracted period, having habitually smoked from eight to twelve cigars daily. The family history gave undubitable evidence of a gouty tendency, and the patient himself had suffered from acute articular rheumatism on two different occasions. A careful physical examination permitted the positive exclusion of organic valvular diseases, and the probable elimination of other structural affections of the heart. Nor
Ranitidine bismuth citrate with clarithromycin for the treatment of duodenal ulcer
Authors: K D Bardhan, C Dallaire, H Eisold, A E Duggan
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background/Aims — To investigate the effect of the new Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen, ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) and clarithromycin (CLAR) dual therapy, on duodenal ulcer healing and absence of ulcer recurrence during 24 weeks follow up (overall success). Methods —Two hundred and thirty two H pylori positive patients with active duodenal ulcer received four weeks treatment with RBC 400 mg twice daily alone (RBC400) (n=82), or RBC 400 or 800 mg twice daily co-prescribed with clarithromycin 250 mg four times daily for 14 days, followed by 14 days of RBC 400 mg twice daily alone (RBC400+CLAR and RBC 800+CLAR, respectively, n=75 for each). Results —The co-prescription regimens gave high H pylori eradication rates determined using two tests (CLOtest and 13 C-urea breath test) for the presence of the organism. These rates were 92% and 81% for RBC400+CLAR (n=62) and RBC800+CLAR (n=63) respectively, compared with 2% for RBC400 (n=66) (p&lt;0.001). With respect to overall success as estimated by life table analysis, RBC400+CLAR (89%) and RBC800+ CLAR (87%) were significantly more effective than RBC400 alone (51%) (p&lt;0.001). All regimens were safe and well tolerated. Trough plasma bismuth concentrations at week 4 were low (treatment medians less than 6.6 ng bismuth/ml). Conclusions —Ranitidine bismuth citrate is a well tolerated and efficacious ulcer healing drug which, when co-prescribed with clarithromycin, affords effective H pylori eradication therapy and prevents ulcer relapse in most patients with duodenal ulcer.
Intensive Insulin Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Hypoglycemia
Authors: Paul M. Rosman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Intensive Insulin Treatment in Patients with Recurrent HypoglycemiaPaul M. Rosman, DOPaul M. Rosman, DOSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The thoughtful perspective on hypoglycemia unawareness by Hoeldtke and Boden [1] ended with the stunning conclusion that intensive insulin therapy should probably be withheld from patients with recurrent hypoglycemia. To support this conclusion, they cite the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, which they say “has confirmed that the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia remains a major obstacle to attempts to prevent diabetic complications with intensive insulin therapy” [1]. My reading of the report leads me to a different conclusion. The report states that “because of the risk, intensive insulin therapy should be implemented with caution, especially in patients ...References1. Hoeldtke RD, Boden G. Epinephrine secretion, hypoglycemia unawareness, and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:512-7. Google Scholar2. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:977-86. Google Scholar3. Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Julian DM, Clarke W. Long-term follow-up evaluation of blood glucose awareness training. Diabetes Care. 1994; 17:1-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 307-308KeywordsBehaviorBloodGlucoseHypoglycemiaHypoglycemicsInsulinPatientsRisk management Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Amnionless, essential for mouse gastrulation, is mutated in recessive hereditary megaloblastic anemia
Authors: Stephan M. Tanner, Maria Aminoff, Fred A. Wright, Sandya Liyanarachchi, Mervi Kuronen, Anne Saarinen, Orit Massika, Hanna Mandel, Harald Broch, Albert de la Chapelle
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
A simple method to detect Helicobacter pylori in gastric specimens.
Authors: R E Schneider, M Torres, C Solis, L Passarelli, F E Schneider, M Vettorazzi
Journal: BMJ (1990)

change (signed rank test, p=00006).The headaches started on the first or second day that the subjects took decaffeinated coffee and lasted for one to six days, with a mean duration of 2-3 days.Subjects also reported falling asleep more easily when they were consuming decaffeinated coffee (mean scores 88 v 85; paired t test mean difference 3 0, 95% confidence interval 0 2 to 5 8).Thus caffeine affected quality of sleep even in moderate coffee drinkers.
Hyaluronan binding function of CD44 is transiently activated on T cells during an in vivo immune response.
Authors: J Lesley, N Howes, A Perschl, R Hyman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Though CD44 functions as a cell surface receptor for hyaluronan (HA) in some cell lines, most normal hematopoietic cells expressing CD44 do not bind HA. Certain CD44-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can rapidly induce CD44-mediated HA binding in normal murine T cells. This observation suggests that in vivo mechanisms may exist for activating the HA receptor function of CD44 on normal T cells. Here, it is shown that up to one third of splenic T cells are capable of CD44-mediated binding of fluorescein-conjugated HA (Fl-HA) during an in vivo allogeneic response. HA binding activity peaks at 7-8 d postinjection and declines rapidly. These rapid kinetics could be the result of transient activation of CD44 function and/or differentiation or expansion of short-lived population(s) that have constitutive HA-binding function. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells are included in the HA binding population which is strongly CD44 positive. After separation of HA-binding cells from nonbinding cells by cell sorting, it is shown that almost all cytotoxic effector cells are found in the HA-binding population. However, there is no evidence that CD44-mediated HA recognition is directly involved in the killing of target cells, since cytotoxicity could not be inhibited by CD44-specific mAbs that inhibit HA binding or by soluble HA. PCR amplification of cDNA reverse transcribed from RNA of sorted HA-binding cells indicated no evidence for CD44 isoforms other than the standard (hematopoietic) form. Though CD44 expression is known to be elevated upon T cell activation, and, as shown here, HA-binding function is induced in a portion of CD44-expressing T cells including cytotoxic effector cells, the role of CD44 and HA-recognition in immune responses is not known.
The NOD Idd9 Genetic Interval Influences the Pathogenicity of Insulitis and Contains Molecular Variants of Cd30, Tnfr2, and Cd137
Authors: Paul A Lyons, Wayne W Hancock, Paul Denny, Christopher J Lord, Natasha J Hill, Nicola Armitage, Thorsten Siegmund, John A Todd, Michael S Phillips, J Fred Hess, Shiow-Ling Chen, Paul A Fischer, Laurence B Peterson, Linda S Wicker
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Abstract P1-05-03: A requirement for neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 9 during the initiation of mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu mice
Authors: VA Serzhanova, JL Little, E Izumchenko, S Seo, M Kurokawa, B Egleston, AA Klein-Szanto, EA Golemis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Neural precursor cell-Expressed Developmentally Downregulated gene 9 (NEDD9; also HEF1, CAS-L) scaffolding protein regulates many signaling pathways associated with mitosis, survival, migration, and ciliary integrity. Within the last few years, elevated NEDD9 expression has been implicated in progression and metastasis of several types of cancer, including those of the lung, skin, and brain. We have investigated the consequences of introducing a Nedd9 genotype into the MMTV-neu mouse mammary tumor model, which in many respects recapitulates features of human HER2+ breast cancer. 80% of wild-type MMTV-Neu; Nedd9+/+ animals developed tumors with an average latency of 339 days, but only 18% of MMTV-Neu;Nedd9−/− animals developed tumors with an average latency of 416 days. This highly significant difference indicates that the Nedd9−/− genotype significantly prevents neu-dependent mammary tumor formation. HER2-positive human breast tumors and MMTV-neu-induced tumors originate from mammary luminal epithelial progenitor cells. We evaluated mammary progenitor cell populations from non-tumor bearing MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− versus MMTV-neu;Nedd9+/+ 4-month old mice (2 months prior to appearance of tumors). Flow cytometry analysis indicated a significantly reduced CD24high;CD49flow luminal progenitor subpopulation in MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− and Nedd9−/− mammary glands, that could be contributed to the tumorigenesis resistance in the MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− model. The MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/−genotype negatively affected the Matrigel mammosphere colony-forming potential of luminal progenitor cells compared to MMTV-neu; Nedd9+/+cells, causing formation of fewer colonies with aberrant size and morphology. Quantification of mitotic division planes of MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− mammospheres revealed no contribution to the observed defects. However, MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− mammospheres had defective expression of signaling proteins governing cell attachment, with reduced levels of FAK and more cytoplasmic localization of SRC. The results reported above, together with other data, support three main conclusions. First, they revealed a very substantial requirement for Nedd9 during early stages of HER2/neu-dependent tumor formation. Second, these results are the first to demonstrate a role for Nedd9 in supporting the abundance and colony-forming potential of mammary luminal progenitor cells. Third, they indicate that the defects in mammosphere growth likely involve perturbation of crucial cellular attachment signaling pathways involving FAK and SRC. In sum, these data provide a strong justification for future analysis of NEDD9 in the defective signaling of transformed mammary epithelial progenitor cell populations that initiate human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-03.