tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect on blood volume of maintaining a high central venous pressure after major aortic valve surgery
Authors: D. C. Fluck, L. L. Bescos, R. Gilkes
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Fluck, D. C., Lopez Bescos, L., and Gilkes, R. (1973).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>28,</b> 762-767. <b>Effect on blood volume of maintaining a high central venous pressure after major aortic valve surgery.</b> Serial blood volume measurements were made in 15 patients undergoing major aortic valve surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. In all patients the plasma volume was measured by iodine-125 (<sup>125</sup>I) labelled albumin and in 10 the red cell mass was measured by chromium-51 (<sup>51</sup>Cr) labelled red cells. Close correlation was found between the blood volume derived from the plasma volume and central venous haematocrits and the blood volume derived by addition of the plasma volume and red cell mass. Postoperatively blood was given to maintain the right atrial pressure at between 10 and 15 cm H<sub>2</sub>O. Before operation the red cell mass, and plasma and blood volumes related to body weight were within the normal range. In the postoperative phase the first measurement two hours after the end of the operation showed a significant decrease in mean blood volume, red cell mass, and plasma volume as compared with the preoperative level. By the second postoperative measurement six hours after the end of operation the mean blood volume had risen to the preoperative level. Subsequently, over postoperative days 1 to 6 the mean blood volume remained steady, although the red cell mass tended to fall. After blood transfusion had ceased the red cell mass usually showed a progressive fall. It was considered that although there was little relationship between the right atrial pressure and the blood volume there was little or no clinical value in performing serial postoperative measurements of blood volume in addition to venous pressure monitoring in these patients.
Genetic Influences on Health
Authors: Mike Bamshad
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Race is frequently used by clinicians and biomedical researchers to make inferences about an individual's ancestry and to predict whether an individual carries specific genetic risk factors that influence health. The extent to which race is useful for making such predictions depends on how well race corresponds with genetic inferences of ancestry, how frequently common diseases in different racial groups are influenced by the same vs different gene variants, and whether such variants have the same effects in different racial groups. New studies of human genetic variation show that while genetic ancestry is highly correlated with geographic ancestry, its correlation with race is modest. Therefore, while data on the correspondence of race, ancestry, and health-related traits are still limited, particularly in minority populations, geographic ancestry and explicit genetic information are alternatives to race that appear to be more accurate predictors of genetic risk factors that influence health. Making accurate ancestry inferences is crucial because common diseases and drug responses are sometimes influenced by gene variants that vary in frequency or differ altogether among racial groups. Thus, operationalizing alternatives to race for clinicians will be an important step toward providing more personalized health care.
Nocturnal Glucose Control with an Artificial Pancreas at a Diabetes Camp
Authors: Moshe Phillip, Tadej Battelino, Eran Atlas, Olga Kordonouri, Natasa Bratina, Shahar Miller, Torben Biester, Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija, Ido Muller, Revital Nimri, Thomas Danne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Recent studies have shown that an artificial-pancreas system can improve glucose control and reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia. However, it is not known whether such results can be replicated in settings outside the hospital.In this multicenter, multinational, randomized, crossover trial, we assessed the short-term safety and efficacy of an artificial pancreas system for control of nocturnal glucose levels in patients (10 to 18 years of age) with type 1 diabetes at a diabetes camp. In two consecutive overnight sessions, we randomly assigned 56 patients to receive treatment with an artificial pancreas on the first night and a sensor-augmented insulin pump (control) on the second night or to the reverse order of therapies on the first and second nights. Thus, all the patients received each treatment in a randomly assigned order. The primary end points were the number of hypoglycemic events (defined as a sensor glucose value of <63 mg per deciliter [3.5 mmol per liter] for at least 10 consecutive minutes), the time spent with glucose levels below 60 mg per deciliter (3.3 mmol per liter), and the mean overnight glucose level for individual patients.On nights when the artificial pancreas was used, versus nights when the sensor-augmented insulin pump was used, there were significantly fewer episodes of nighttime glucose levels below 63 mg per deciliter (7 vs. 22) and significantly shorter periods when glucose levels were below 60 mg per deciliter (P=0.003 and P=0.02, respectively, after adjustment for multiplicity). Median values for the individual mean overnight glucose levels were 126.4 mg per deciliter (interquartile range, 115.7 to 139.1 [7.0 mmol per liter; interquartile range, 6.4 to 7.7]) with the artificial pancreas and 140.4 mg per deciliter (interquartile range, 105.7 to 167.4 [7.8 mmol per liter; interquartile range, 5.9 to 9.3]) with the sensor-augmented pump. No serious adverse events were reported.Patients at a diabetes camp who were treated with an artificial-pancreas system had less nocturnal hypoglycemia and tighter glucose control than when they were treated with a sensor-augmented insulin pump. (Funded by Sanofi and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01238406.).
The Relationship Among the Quantitative Perfusion-Defect Indices in Tc-99m HMPAO Brain SPECT, IQ test, and Involved Extremities in Children With Cerebral Palsy Due to Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: CHIA-HUNG KAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Brain SPECT imaging was performed in 13 children with cerebral palsy (6 girls, 7 boys; age, 7-17 years) due to perinatal asphyxia with mental retardation and involved limbs were studied. The involved coronal slices were summated to a picture for the calculation of the perfusion defect indices as the quantitative and objective estimation of the perfusion defects in each brain. The records of IQ tests were scored from severe to mild mental retardation. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians analyzed the results of the Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs by visual interpretation. The involved limbs were judged by two pediatricians to be either the right or left side. The relationship among the Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs, IQ test, and physical examinations of the extremities were established. The results showed that two cases of mild mental retardation had the smaller perfusion defect indices (< 0.1), six cases of severe mental retardation had the larger perfusion defect indices (> 0.30), and the other group was between the first two groups. Two cases of mild mental retardation did not have significant perfusion defects in the brain and involved limbs, and two cases with decreased visual acuity had definite perfusion defects in the occipital regions. The other cases had the matched perfusion defects of the brain with the involved limbs. The authors encourage the potential use of Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs to predict the outcome of mental development and limb involvement.
Outcome in children with Down's syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: role of IKZF1 deletions and CRLF2 aberrations
Authors: T D Buitenkamp, R Pieters, N E Gallimore, A van der Veer, J P P Meijerink, H B Beverloo, M Zimmermann, V de Haas, S M Richards, A J Vora, C D Mitchell, L J Russell, C Schwab, C J Harrison, A V Moorman, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, M L den Boer, C M Zwaan
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
CAPC expression correlates with breast tumor progression and invasion.
Authors: Y Man, Z Zhang, C Wang, L Gao, X Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4044 Background: Recent studies identified a uncharacterized gene that encodes a molecule named as cytokeratin-associated protein in cancer (CAPC). RT-PCR analysis detected significant elevation of CAPC mRNA in 26 of 33 human breast cancers. Our current study attempted to elucidate CAPC protein expression profile in human breast tissues, to assess: [1] if CAPC expression is associated with tumor progression and invasion, and [2] if CAPC is co-expressed with BP1 and c-erbB2, two known invasiveness and aggressiveness-related proteins.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: Consecutive sections were prepared from paraffin-embedded breast tissues from 100 female patients with breast tumors that harbored co-existing normal, hyperplastic, in situ, and invasive components. Sets of four adjacent sections from each case were subjected to immunohistochemistry for CAPC, BP1, c-erbB2, and Ki-67. The expression status of these molecules in different tissue components were statistically compared.&amp;#x2028; Results: In normal breasts and hyperplastic or in situ breast lesions, CAPC positive cells were generally distributed as duct or acinar clusters with a distinct boundary with their CAPC negative counterparts. Under low magnification of H&amp;E stained sections, these CAPC positive duct or acinar clusters were morphologically indistinguishable from their CAPC negative counterparts. Under high magnification, however, the myoepithelial cell layers of these CAPC positive clusters were focally disrupted, and the associated epithelial cells often showed malignancy-associated nuclear alterations. Both the number of CAPC positive cells and the intensity of CAPC immunostaining linearly increased with tumor progression and invasion. In invasive lesions, a vast majority of cancer cells in over 80% of the cases expressed high levels of CAPC. A majority of the normal, benign, and malignant tumors with high levels of CAPC showed substantially higher expression of BP1 and c-erbB2, along with a higher proliferation index, compared to their morphologically similar CAPC negative counterparts . In non-mitotic cells, CAPC was localized mainly in the cytoplasm. In malignant mitotic cells, high levels of CAPC expression were localized close to the cell membrane, forming a ring-like structure surrounding condensed chromosomes. In contrast, no distinct CAPC was detected in normal or hyperplastic mitotic cells.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: These findings suggest CAPC might be a tumor specific marker that could be used for the development of diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents.&amp;#x2028; Acknowledgment: Supported in part by grant BCTR0706983 from The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation and grant 2006CB910505 from the Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology Department. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4044.
Neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G stimulate secretion from cultured bovine airway gland serous cells.
Authors: C P Sommerhoff, J A Nadel, C B Basbaum, G H Caughey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To investigate the hypothesis that neutrophil proteases stimulate airway gland secretion, we studied the effect of human cathepsin G and elastase on secretion of 35S-labeled macromolecules from cultured bovine airway gland serous cells. Both proteases stimulated secretion in a concentration-dependent fashion with a threshold of greater than or equal to 10(-10) M. Elastase was more potent than cathepsin G, causing a maximal secretory response of 1,810 +/- 60% over baseline at 10(-8) M. The maximal response to cathepsin G (1,810 +/- 70% over baseline at 10(-7) M) was similar to the maximal response to elastase. These responses were greater than 10-fold larger than the response to other agonists such as histamine. Protease-induced secretion was noncytotoxic and required catalytically active enzymes. The predominant sulfated macromolecule released by proteases was chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated chondroitin sulfate in cytoplasmic granules and decreased granular staining after stimulation of cells with elastase. The neutrophil proteases also degraded the proteoglycan released from serous cells. Cathepsin G and elastase in supernatant obtained by degranulation of human peripheral neutrophils also caused a secretory response. Thus, neutrophil proteases stimulate airway gland serous cell secretion of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and degrade the secreted product. These findings suggest a potential role for neutrophil proteases in the pathogenesis of increased and abnormal submucosal gland secretions in diseases associated with inflammation and neutrophil infiltration of the airways.
Use of External Counting Technics In Studies of the Circulation
Authors: Hadley L. Conn
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A variety of external counting technics has been used to study the circulation. Brief consideration has been given to some of those concerned with measurement of cardiac output, myocardial and other regional blood flows, and cardiopulmonary volumes, and to those related to the evaluation of vascular shunts. These technics have much in common. They are simple to carry out, require little time to accomplish, and entail little risk for the subject. At the same time, they are to varying extents imprecise, and are not as accurate as methods currently available or methods of undetermined validity or both. They do not offer the means to measurement of intravascular pressures and so cannot replace cardiac catheterization. As yet, little new information about the circulation has been gained by application of these methods. The ultimate place of external counting technics in the study of the circulation is still undetermined. The best prediction is that these methods will probably supplement but not replace diagnostic methods now in use. They should serve a valuable function as tests for screening of subjects being considered for more definitive and laborious procedures and as supplementary tools in the performance of these more definitive astudies.
Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may occur by divergent evolution from a common progenitor cell or by direct evolution from the follicular lymphoma clone
Authors: Emanuela Carlotti, David Wrench, Janet Matthews, Sameena Iqbal, Andrew Davies, Andrew Norton, Jason Hart, Raymond Lai, Silvia Montoto, John G. Gribben, T. Andrew Lister, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Blood (2009)
3D-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram of Heterotopic Heart Transplant
Authors: Scott D. Flamm, Robert Walmsley, O. Howard Frazier
Journal: Circulation (2002)

T he patient is a 68-year-old man who had heterotopic heart transplantation (HHTx) performed 8 years ago for ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.The patient presented for noninvasive evaluation of transplant cardiac function and patency of anastomotic connections.A contrast-enhanced 3D-magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) was performed, and the data reconstructed using a 3D volume-rendering technique on a commercially available workstation (Figure).
Day Care, Siblings, and Asthma — Please, Sneeze on My Child
Authors: Sandra C. Christiansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Parents generally agree that children who attend day care or who have older siblings have more frequent infections. They may be surprised to learn, however, that this tendency may protect their younger children from asthma. In this issue of the Journal, Ball et al.1 describe the relation between these surrogate markers of infection and the risk of asthma. Protection against the development of asthma or frequent wheezing in children 6 to 13 years old was linked to either day-care attendance during infancy or the presence of older siblings in the home. As two-year-olds, the children with either type of exposure . . .
Genetic variation of the interleukin-1 family and nongenetic factors determining the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist phenotypes
Authors: Kari Luotola, Arto Pietilä, Mervi Alanne, Timo Lanki, Britt-Marie Loo, Antti Jula, Markus Perola, Annette Peters, Tanja Zeller, Stefan Blankenberg, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Aetiological Significance of Geographical Variations in Cancer Mortality
Authors: C. D. Legon
Journal: BMJ (1952)

In a previous communication (Legon, 1951) it has been suggested that the areas of heaviest total cancer mortality in England and Wales are the areas of soils richest in organic matter, and that these heavy mortalities may be related to the micronutrient deficiencies that sometimes appear in crops grown on peat soils.The purpose of the present paper is to examine this hypothesis in the light of quantitative data on soils and of recently published work on plant copper metabolism.
Results of Pulmonary Valvotomy and Infundibular Resection in 100 Cases of Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: M. Campbell, D. C. Deuchar, R. Brock
Journal: BMJ (1954)

We recently reported the results of Blalock-Taussig operations in 200 patients with morbus caeruleus, 165 of whom had Fallot's tetralogy (Campbell and Deuchar, 1953).We wish to add a parallel series of 100 patients operated on by Brock's direct methods, and a more de- tailed follow-up and analysis of the 61 operated on at Guy's Hospital up to the end of 1952; 12 others have been operated on at Guy's Hospital during 1953, and the remaining 27 at the Brompton Hospital either for or in conjunction with Dr. Paul Wood.The first attempts at direct relief of pulmonary stenosis by valvotomy were reported by Brock (1948) and by Brock and Campbell (1950a), the latter paper including an account of 15 patients in whom the valvular stenosis was part of Fallot's tetralogy.Infundibular resections were first reported by Brock (1949) and by Brock and Campbell (1950b), who described the results obtained in 11 patients.Our purpose is to report the subsequent progress of these early patients and the results in those who have been operated on since.Valvotomy only was carried out in 37, infundibular resection only in 45, and a combined operation in 18 in which the stenosis was valvular and infundibular: sometimes these have been grouped with those who had valvotomy as there were too few for separate analysis.All these patients were thought to have Fallot's tetralogy.Two (Cases V65 and 26*) had already had a Blalock operation which had resulted in only moderate improvement.The 61 patients who had been operated on at Guy's Hospital up to the end of 1952, when the details of the follow-up were arranged, are the only ones included in the full analysis.In 23 the operation was valvotomy, in 25 infundibular resection, and in the other 13 a com- bined operation.Age and Sex.-Most of the patients were children.Their age distribution is shown in Table I.Only two were under 5 years of age, nearly a third were between 5 and 9, and nearly a third were between 10 and 15.The youngest was 4 and the oldest 34.Boys and men slightly predominated-33 against 28 girls and women.These figures are very similar to those for the patients who had subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis, but the former were a little older, because preference was being given to those who were older at the time these direct operations were started.*Case numbers starting with V indicate those who had valvotomy, and the numbers without a prefix those who had infundibular resection only.
Differential Effect of Polymorphisms of CMPK1 and RRM1 on Survival in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Gemcitabine or Taxane/Cisplatinum
Authors: Jeong-Seon Ryu, Eun-Soon Shin, Hae-Seong Nam, Hyeon-Gyu Yi, Jae-Hwa Cho, Chul-Soo Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Jong-Eun Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Relevance and Complications of Intravenous Infusion at the Emergency Unit at Nice University Hospital
Authors: F. Vandenbos, A. Basar, S. Tempesta, J.P. Fournier, F. Bertrand, L. Vanesland, H. Oualid, B. Dunais, P. Dellamonica, P.M. Roger
Journal: Journal of Infection (2003)
Genetics body reviews cloning law
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The UK government's Human Genetics Advisory Commission is to examine the adequacy of the existing law on cloning of human embryos after a lamb was cloned in Scotland (1 March, p 623).

The commission discussed at its inaugural meeting last week the new research on the cloning of sheep and acknowledged the public concern surrounding the possibility of human cloning. It decided …
Effects of 12weeks high dose vitamin D3 treatment on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and metabolic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D insufficiency – a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ulla Kampmann, Leif Mosekilde, Claus Juhl, Niels Moller, Britt Christensen, Lars Rejnmark, Louise Wamberg, Lotte Orskov
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Thyroid abnormalities in chronic viral hepatitis and their relationship to interferon alfa therapy
Authors: M Deutsch, S Dourakis, E K Manesis, A Gioustozi, G Hess, A Horsch, S Hadziyannis
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The prevalence of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (ATPO) and/or of thyroid dysfunction was studied in 422 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, B, and D. Baseline results were compared with those during and 6 months after interferon alfa (IFN-α) therapy. The overall prevalence of ATPO among untreated patients was 14.1%, with no significant differences between chronic hepatitis C, B, or D, as well as between males and females. However, high ATPO titers (≥ 18 IU/mL) clustered significantly among females (8.7% vs. 3.4%; P = .022), especially those with chronic hepatitis C (11.2% vs. 3.6%; P = .036). Before treatment, 3.7% of the patients had thyroid dysfunction, mostly hypothyroidism (3.5%), the latter increasing to 14.3% among patients with ATPO titers ≥ 18 IU/mL. IFN-α treatment significantly increased overall thyroid dysfunction (9.7%; P = .001) and hypothyroidism (7.8%; P = .01), particularly among patients with high baseline ATPO (38.5%; P = .0002). Six months after stopping IFN-α treatment, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 8.0%, still significantly higher than at baseline. By multivariate analysis, the only predictor positively associated with pre- or on-treatment hypothyroidism was the baseline titer of the ATPO antibodies (relative risk [RR], 3.0 and 3.8 per each log titer increase, respectively). In conclusion, patients with chronic viral hepatitis on IFN-α treatment exhibit an almost threefold increase of baseline thyroid dysfunction, persisting long after the end of therapy. High ATPO titers, clustering among females, particularly those with hepatitis C, represent the only predictor of pre- and on-treatment hypothyroidism by multivariate analysis. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis, especially females, should be tested for ATPO and thyroid function and monitored during and posttreatment for free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
The Treatment of Haemophilia A and B and von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It is hard to argue with success, and certainly the Oxford group is a recognized world leader for the treatment of hemophilia. Under Dr Biggs' guidance, the center flourished, and now she has edited a monograph on the treatment of hemophilia at Oxford. The book opens with a historical review of coagulation disorders and hemophilia, progressing stepwise through the current understanding and pathogenesis of hemostasis and hemorrhage. Then follows a detailed technical analysis of the factor VIII molecule, its physiology, biochemictry, and molecular structure, an area of particular interest to Dr Biggs. The chapter covering the laboratory aspects of coagulation from the clinician's viewpoint is well done. Befitting a modern treatise on hemophilia, there are chapters discussing the amount of blood necessary to meet the concentrate needs of the hemophiliac, the reasons for organizing care around hemophilia centers, and the benefits of home therapy. Other chapters deal, as one would