tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies and thrombophilia in RA: TNF and TNF blockers
Authors: G F Ferraccioli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

The thrombophilic milieu of rheumatoid inflammation

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune chronic-relapsing inflammatory disease affecting joints and internal organs, present in several studies a median survival much shorter than that of the general population.1 The main cause of early premature death is cardiovascular morbidity. Solomon et al clearly showed that women with RA (aged 30–55) have an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), a relative risk (RR) of 2, compared with women without RA, increasing according to disease duration up to an RR of 3.1 after 10 years of disease.2 Del Rincon et al had previously recognised that the incidence rate ratio of having MI compared with patients without RA of similar age and sex was 2.65, and therefore substantially increased.3 In addition to the increased risk of MI, patients with RA have an increased risk of carotid disease and of peripheral arterial disease, only partially explained by the previous use of corticosteroids.4 More recently, data from the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases confirm that patients with RA have an increased prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with patients with osteoarthritis (3.5% v 2.2%), that their risk factors are those of the general population (male sex, hypertension, diabetes, age, body mass index), and that the Health Assessment Questionnaire, an index of overall heath, is strongly predictive of future CHF.5

“RA presents a cardiovascular risk similar to non-insulin dependent diabetes” 

All these data clearly show that RA represents a population at high cardiovascular risk. Overall, the cardiovascular risk of RA has been estimated to be around 3.96,3 and therefore very similar to the overall risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes, which has been estimated by Laakso to be two- to fourfold higher than in non-diabetic subjects.6 It is very similar to …
Food, flattery, and friendship
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This week's cover has already caused some consternation in the BMJ 's offices. One or two people had heard that it depicted pigs and reptiles. Yet the verbal description “pigs and reptiles” sounds much harsher than the rather loveable creatures drawn by Malcolm Willett. And that illustrates one of the underlying messages of this week's theme issue on the relationship between doctors and the drug industry. This relationship isn't a Manichean battle between good and evil but the entwinement of individuals from different backgrounds and value sets who get to know, and often to …
Breast Cancer: A View From the Trenches-Reply
Authors: Susan M. Love
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —As an actively practicing breast surgeon and the director of the UCLA Breast Center, I, too, spend the majority of my time  the trenches. My choice of words was meant to reflect just how crude our current treatment methods are. It was certainly not meant to demean our efforts. It is my own frustration here in the trenches that fuels my politics. Until those of us caring for women with breast cancer are willing to acknowledge the depths of our ignorance and join with these women in demanding a new approach, we are doomed to the pain of seeing many woman suffer and often die needlessly.
Don’t Judge Books by Their Covers
Authors: Edward A. Fisher, Joseph M. Miano
Journal: Circulation (2014)

V ascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important physiological and pathophysiological roles.Two articles in the current issue focus on the latter in atherosclerosis 1 and in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). 2 Notably, Allahverdian et al 1 report that, in human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques, many cells typically classified as macrophages are likely to be of VSMC origin, and Ricard et al 2 report that, in PAH, VSMCs contributing to obstructive remodeling of the distal branches of the pulmonary artery likely arose from pericytes.
What Lures Women Physicians to Practice Medicine in Rural Areas?
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Pressure Changes in Relation to Arsenic Exposure in a U.S. Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Shohreh F. Farzan, Yu Chen, Fen Wu, Jieying Jiang, Mengling Liu, Emily Baker, Susan A. Korrick, Margaret R. Karagas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Inorganic arsenic exposure has been related to the risk of increased blood pressure based largely on cross-sectional studies conducted in highly exposed populations. Pregnancy is a period of particular vulnerability to environmental insults. However, little is known about the cardiovascular impacts of arsenic exposure during pregnancy.We evaluated the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and maternal blood pressure over the course of pregnancy in a U.S.The New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study in which > 10% of participant household wells exceed the arsenic maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L established by the U.S. EPA. Total urinary arsenic measured at 24-28 weeks gestation was measured and used as a biomarker of exposure during pregnancy in 514 pregnant women, 18-45 years of age, who used a private well in their household. Outcomes were repeated blood pressure measurements (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) recorded during pregnancy.Using linear mixed effects models, we estimated that, on average, each 5-μg/L increase in urinary arsenic was associated with a 0.15-mmHg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.29; p = 0.022) increase in systolic blood pressure per month and a 0.14-mmHg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; p = 0.021) increase in pulse pressure per month over the course of pregnancy.In our U.S. cohort of pregnant women, arsenic exposure was associated with greater increases in blood pressure over the course of pregnancy. These findings may have important implications because even modest increases in blood pressure impact cardiovascular disease risk.
Drug Spotlight on Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Authors: George N. Aagaard
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities can become life-threatening in ambulatory or hospitalized patients. Their prevention or prompt and safe correction is a challenge to the hospital and clinic as well as to the many health professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory personnel. Optimal performance requires scientific knowledge, skills, equipment, and facilities coordinated through effective administration. The problem may be straightforward: hypokalemia from chronic diuretic therapy for hypertension; or complex: microbial contamination of intravenous fluids.  The Drug Spotlight focuses on these problems during this quarter and suggests one of the following questions for study by hospital pharmacy and therapeutic committees:   Is the fluid and electrolyte status of patients adequately monitored in the pertinent clinical situations?  What potassium salt is used when oral supplementation is prescribed?  When potassium is administered intravenously, is a limit set for the amount to be given per unit of time? How is the patient's
TELEMONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: RESULTS FROM A MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (THE TEHAF STUDY)
Authors: Josiane Boyne, Hubertus J. Vrijhoef, Fred H. Nieman, Rianne de Wit, Johannes Kragten, GJ De Weerd, Anton P. Gorgels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mould spores and yeasts in outdoor air
Authors: AULI RANTIO-LEHTIMÄKI
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Most inviable spore counts of outdoor air in Europe are based on Burkard spore trap results. For viable counts different kinds of slit samplers and Andersen sampler are used. Results of viable and inviable sampling methods are not completely comparable, but the results complete each other. Spore frequencies in outdoor air are almost equal in different Nordic countries. Cladosporium is the most important spore type everywhere. In South Finland it accounts for ca. 85% of viable and ca. 50% inviable spore counts. The frequencies are lower in the country than in town. Cladosporium frequencies decrease northwards so that in Lapland the percentage is only ca. 5 and the maxima are 1/4-1/5 of those in South Finland. The frequencies of Alternaria spores are 4-5 times lower in Nordic countries than in Middle Europe. E.g. in Turku weekly maxima have been ca. 250 spores X m-3, in the country even lower. Penicillium accounts for ca. 4% of all colonies in viable counts in South Finland, Botrytis 2%, and yeasts also ca. 2%. The most important yeasts are Cryptococcus albidus, Cr. laurentii, Sporobolomyces roseus and Rhodotorula species. Actinomycetes very seldom occur on culture plates, only 0.02% of all.
Drug Delivery: Biocompatible Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)‐Responsive Nanoparticles as Superior Drug Delivery Vehicles (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2015)
Authors: Dinglin Zhang, Yanling Wei, Kai Chen, Xiangjun Zhang, Xiaoqiu Xu, Qing Shi, Songling Han, Xin Chen, Hao Gong, Xiaohui Li, Jianxiang Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)
THE FALLACY OF X RAYS IN ABDOMINAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: F. Hernaman-Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1928)

TIlF BRIT1INsees.EaICh should forlm ani inidepenideint opiniioni anid then in consultation try to agree oni a diagnosis; likewise thie radiologist anid-may I suggest it?thie 1)l ysiciaii, slhould be preseit at the operation, to see hiow far the cond(lition found is in accordanice w-itlh tlheir previos concel)tions.Such a practice would be to their multtal advantage, anid would lead to greater accuracy in diaginosis.Above all, weimust keep a senisc of p)roportion.Too much scienice may mean too little, commiiiioni sense.R.adio- logy, like any other in-ention, muist be used withi discretion and withi that "Good sens6, which only is the gift of Heaven, And tho' no science, fairly wortlh the seven."
Symptoms at Age One as Predictors of Aeroallergen Sensitization During Infancy: The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)
Authors: G.K. LeMasters, J.E. Lockey, P.H. Ryan, L. Levin, G. Hershey, M. Villareal, D.I. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Diabetes Mellitus—With a New Method of Prognosis.
Authors: Heinrich Stern
Journal: JAMA (1904)

New York City, July 26, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It seems to be a rather precipitous course to base "a new method of prognosis" on the study of one case of a certain pathologic condition. I allude to the abstract of a report on a case of diabetes mellitus, read at the recent session of the American Medical Association, and published in toto in the issue ofThe Journal, July 23. The authors of the communication, Mandel and Lusk, having found a constant dextrose-nitrogen ratio of 3.65:1 in a diabetic, in a state of "low acidosis," while under a meat-fat regimen, which "ratio was uninfluenced by fat digestion or fat metabolism," "formulate a new clinical method of prognosis in diabetes, using the D:N ratio for this purpose." They contend that the occurrence of 3.65 grams dextrose to 1 gram nitrogen in the second day's urine after institution of a "meat-fat
Reviews and Notes: Economics: The Road to Reform
Authors: George Ross Fisher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 November 1994Reviews and Notes: Economics: The Road to ReformGeorge Ross FisherGeorge Ross FisherSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Road to ReformEli Ginzberg and Miriam Ostow. 206 pages. New York: The Free Press; 1994. $22.95.It's hard not to like Eli Ginzberg and harder not to admire his writing style, now polished and perfected in many publications. But reading this one gave me cold chills.True, it contains an excellent, succinct, and balanced description of the American health system and how it got that way; Ginzberg does not stack the deck. One presumes that the detached appraisal of system faults and system glories was refined on many lecture platforms—an oven-ready environment for two or three chapters describing ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1994Volume 121, Issue 10Page: 823KeywordsAnxietyExtrapolationFearForecastingHealth careHealth insuranceMedicareMotivationOilsTaxes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis among immigrants in Glasgow.
Authors: K M Goel, R A Shanks, T A McAllister, E A Follett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Pyorala et al4 suggested the possibility that this decreased anticoagulant tolerance was not due to a retardation of the metabolism of the anticoagulant drugs.Their results suggested that C17-alkylated steroids affect the turnover of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, an impairment of synthesis being a likely mechanism.It was thought possible that C17alkylated steroids might diminish the stores of this vitamin available for metabolic competition with anticoagulant agents.
Assessing impaired hypoglycemia awareness in type 1 diabetes: agreement of self-report but not of field study data with the autonomic symptom threshold during experimental hypoglycemia.
Authors: M M Janssen, F J Snoek, R J Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the agreement of two noninvasive methods, a self-report and a field study method, for the assessment of impaired hypoglycemia awareness with a gold standard criterion of hypoglycemia awareness, the autonomic symptom threshold during experimental hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 19 type 1 diabetic patients completed a standardized questionnaire to assess impaired hypoglycemia awareness and performed a hand-held computer (HHC) study to assess their recognition of hypoglycemic episodes occurring during 24 weeks. Patients subsequently underwent a stepped hypoglycemic clamp to study responses to standardized hypoglycemia. Diagnoses of impaired hypoglycemia awareness were based on the separate self-report questions, a composite self-report score, and three different cutoff levels for the percentage of accurately recognized hypoglycemic episodes during the field study Agreement of these noninvasive measures with the hypoglycemic clamp measure were tested by calculating kappa values, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The composite self-report score agreed reasonably well with the hypoglycemic clamp measure (kappa 0.49, sensitivity 66.7%, and specificity 85.7%) and showed a better agreement than the separate self-report questions. The HHC criterion of impaired hypoglycemia awareness did not agree with the hypoglycemic clamp criterion at any of the cutoff levels tested. CONCLUSIONS: The composite self-report tested in this study is a reasonably reliable assessment method for the diagnosis of impaired hypoglycemia awareness, using the physiological definition of an absence of autonomic symptoms at a blood glucose level of 3 mmol/l. In contrast, the recognition of hypoglycemic events in everyday life as measured using the HHC method is not related to the hypoglycemic clamp criterion.
P985 CONCOMITANT VERSUS SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT WITH TACE AND SORAFENIB IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PATIENTS
Authors: R. Sacco, A. Romano, I. Bargellini, B. Ginanni, V. Mismas, C. Vivaldi, C. Caparello, G. Musettini, G. Masi, L. Faggioni, G. Bresci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
On the Road to New Drugs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bob Löwenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The outcome of therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved over the years, mainly in patients of younger age. There is no question, however, that the challenges in the area of developmental therapeutics in AML have remained considerable. Thesechallengesrelatetopatientswhofromthestartoftreatment, fail to respond to currently available drugs or combinations of drugs.Theoutlookoftheseprimarilyrefractorypatientsisnotably dismal. The majority of patients (75%) age 60 years or younger, however, do attain an initial complete remission. Unfortunately, mostoftheseresponders(onaverage,60%)willultimatelypresent withdiseaserelapse,usuallyoccurringwithinthefirst2years.Both groups, initial nonresponders and secondary nonresponders, represent the notorious difficulty of chemotherapy resistance. Age of the patient and certain acquired genetic characteristics of the leukemia are important predictors of failure. The unmet therapeutic need is by any measure greatest among the large population of patients with AML of older age, in whom response rates are comparatively low (average 50% for those older than 60 years of age), relapseratesareexceedinglyhigh(morethan85%),andlong-term survival rates are less than 10%. The traditional chemotherapeutic approach to the patient with AML has been based on treatment with a combination of an anthracycline or anthracenedione (daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone) with cytarabine. Scientists are permanently on the road to discover new drugs with different modes of action that can overcomethelimitationsofthecurrentselectionofdrugs.Numerous new drugs are currently in early clinical development with the aim of circumventing chemotherapy resistance. In the coming years, some of these compounds are expected to become members of the standard armamentarium of drugs available to the patient with AML. New drugs may be designed with the deliberate objective of affecting a known molecular lesion or signaling pathway in the neoplastic cell, thus critically inhibiting leukemia cell survival. These therapeutic compounds may tackle distinct molecular subsetsofleukemia;researchersanticipatethattheirgreaterspecificity
Pathologist stands by his findings in Sally Clark case
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The pathologist whose failure to disclose the results of microbiology tests on Harry, the baby son of Sally Clark, led the appeal court to quash her convictions for killing him and his brother, last week stood by his findings that there was no evidence of acute infection or inflammation in Harry's case.Home Office forensic pathologist Alan Williams was giving evidence at the General Medical Council, where he faces charges of serious professional misconduct.Mrs Clark was jailed for life for murdering 8 week old Harry in 1998 and 12 week old Christopher in 1996.She was freed by the Court of Appeal in 2003 after serving more than three years.The court quashed the convictions as "unsafe" after hearing that the microbiology tests on Harry found Staphylococcus aureus in var- Mother found guilty in case of fabricated illness
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold
Authors: H Capell, R Madhok
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold SIR,-We would like to make two points about this paper by Dr M Cohen and colleagues (20 April, p 1179).Firstly, it would seem inappropriate to continue gold therapy in the face of wheezing and rash after each injection.Secondly, they make no mention of the results of tests for rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody.Were the changes in the hand radiograph that they describe as "compatible with rheumatoid arthritis" erosive or was there evidence only of periarticular osteo- porosis?Is it possible that the patient had systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus overlap?The information given in the report is insufficient to exclude this possibility.Detailed documentation of such cases is vital in view of the widespread use of gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract 4556: AR intragenic rearrangement and altered androgen receptor mRNA splicing in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Yingming Li, Majid Alsagabi, Ahmed Tewfik, Scott M. Dehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Androgen depletion for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) targets activity of the androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor transcription factor required for PCa growth. The emergence of lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) is marked by aberrant re-activation of the AR despite ongoing androgen depletion. Recently, alternative splicing has been described as a mechanism giving rise to COOH-terminally truncated, constitutively active AR isoforms that can support the CRPCa phenotype. However, the pathologic origin of these truncated AR isoforms has not been described. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations in AR expression arising in a cell-based model of PCa progression driven by truncated AR isoform activity. We demonstrate that stable, high-level expression of truncated AR isoforms in 22Rv1 CRPCa cells coincides with intragenic rearrangement of a ∼35kb AR genomic segment, which contains several alternative AR exons. Analysis of metastatic CRPCa tissues indicated that related AR copy number alterations are frequent and often occur in conjunction with high-level AR amplification. Nucleotide-level resolution of the break fusion junction in 22Rv1 cells revealed a DNA repair signature consistent with a microhomology-mediated, replication-based mechanism of origin. Together, these data provide the first report of AR intragenic rearrangements in CRPCa and a link with pathologic expression of truncated AR isoforms in a cell-based model of PCa progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4556. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4556
Epidemiologic detection of low dose effects on the developing fetus.
Authors: J Kline, B Levin, Z Stein, M Susser, D Warburton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Evaluations of the health effects of exposures in the workplace and environment have broadened to include effects on reproduction, as well as on the development of cancer. Models to assess risks associated with varying doses of exposure rest almost entirely on data about cancer. In this paper we discuss some distinctive features of reproduction which bear on the interpretation of such models, when applied to reproduction, rather than carcinogenesis. Dose-response curves describe the relationship between two exposures (smoking and alcohol drinking) and two outcomes (spontaneous abortion and birthweight) are used to illustrate some of the questions which arise in attempting to determine a "safe" level of exposure.