tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serial serum creatine phosphokinase MB isoenzyme activity after myocardial infarction. Studies in the baboon and man.
Authors: W G Yasmineh, R B Pyle, J N Cohn, D M Nicoloff, N Q Hanson, B W Steele
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Serum CPK-MB iosenzyme activity was measured serially after mercury embolization of the left circumflex coronary artery in five baboons and after clinical acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 20 patients. The calculated amount of enzyme released into the baboons' circulation (CPK-MBR) correlated well (r = 0.991) with the amount of MB isoenzyme depleted from the myocardium (CPK-MBD) when a previously determined decay constant (Kd) was used, but not when Kd was calculated from individual curves or when CPK-MM values were used. In clinical AMI, CPK-MMR averaged 97% (0 to 350%) greater than CPK-MBR, probably because of release of MM isoenzyme from nonmyocardial sources. The mean Kd for CPK-MB in patients (0.0012 min-1) was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than that obtained in the baboon following bolus injections (0.0018 min-1), probably reflecting delayed myocardial release of enzyme. Therefore, in both experimental and clinical AMI, serial samples for CPK-MB activity, but not total or CPK-MM activity, could provide an accurate index of myocardial enzyme depletion.
Abstract 218: Ginsenoside Rh2 induced bcl2 family proteins mediated apoptosis in vitro and xenograft in vivo
Authors: Sunga Choi, Jun-Young Oh, Jung-A Song, Soo-Jin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Natural products have received increasing attention in recent years for the discovery of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. The root of Panax ginseng has been used for thousands of years in Korean medicine practice for treatment of diverse ailments. More recent studies have indicated that ginsenoside saponins, a constituents of Panax ginseng can induce retardation of growth and cell death of cancer in culture and in vivo. In this study, we used two human breast cancer cells, MCF7 (wild type p53, ER responsive), MDA-MB-231 (mutated p53, ER-independent) and xenograft nude mouse model to investigate further insights into the mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2-induced cell death. It was observed that Rh2 treatment significantly decreases viability at 40 to 60 μM concentrations as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion assay in both two cell lines. Rh2 treatment also increased in a concentration- and time-dependent cell death in cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation assay. Bcl-2 family proteins have emerged as critical regulators of apoptosis by functioning either as promoters (e.g., Bax and Bak) or inhibitors (e.g., Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) of the cell death process. Rh2-induced apoptosis was correlated with induction of Bax and Bak and a decrease in Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 protein levels in both two cell lines. Transient transfection of MCF7 cells with Bak- and Bax-targeted siRNAs conferred partial yet significant protection against ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis. The increased expression level of Bax was associated with initiation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The pathway initiated translocation of Bax from cytosol following release of mitochondrial cytochrome c dependent on ginsenoside Rh2 treatment time. To test whether Rh2-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo at the 2mg dose was due to increased apoptosis, tumor tissues from control and Rh2-treated mice were examined for histologic evidence of apoptosis. The tumors from Rh2-treated mice exhibited markedly higher count of apoptotic bodies and reduced proliferation index. The tumor section also exhibited the changed protein level compared with control one in specific for Bax or Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry. It was consistent in RT-PCR using appropriate Bcl2- family gene primers. In conclusion, our data suggests Rh2-mediated suppression of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo and MF7 cells in vitro highly correlates with increased apoptosis. The results of the present study show that the ability of Rh2 to inhibit cell growth or cause apoptotic cell death in two human breast cancer cells is not influenced by either p53 functional status or ER responsiveness. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 218.
The Physician as Manager
Authors: Alford C. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"<i>The Physician as Manager</i>offers physicians and other health professionals a practical guidebook to understand the economic and management concept relevant to medical practice." This opening quotation from the introduction indeed summarizes the contents of this excellent text. The author draws from personal knowledge and experience in practice settings to discuss the concepts behind the role skills needed to function as a physician leader in today's complex health care system. He also provides extensive source material for the reader to extend and amplify existing knowledge and understanding. The book is clearly written, easy to read, and well illustrated. Topics include all of the significant areas confronting the physician-manager: "Economic Environment," "Marketing of Health Services," "Practice Site," "Financial Management," "Personnel Management," "Leadership in Medical Practice," "Office Systems and Communication," "Computerization," and "Professional Relations." The appendixes contain practical, useful information. "Computers in Medical Practice" has a glossary of data processing terms and
Is exaggeration in academic press releases related to investigators' conflicts of interests?
Authors: P. Vercellini, P. Vigano, E. Somigliana
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Dissemination of scientific information by news media may influence patients and doctors’ decisions,1 so exaggerated interpretations in news stories could have harmful or costly effects. Sumner and colleagues found that exaggeration in science news was associated with inaccuracies in academic medical centres’ press releases.2 Sensationalism rarely originates …
Sequential Testing Approach As an Efficient and Easier Alternative for the Validation of New Predictive Technologies in the Clinic
Authors: Craig A. Beam, Weihua Gao, Virgilia Macias, Weimin Liang, André Kajdacsy Balla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

When clinicians contemplate the use of a new predictive technology in their practice, such as a nomogram, there is always a question of whether the new test is beneficial to their own clinical population. Unfortunately, traditional validation methods require a large number of subjects for validation testing and delay the decision-making process. We present an efficient and easy-to-use method based on the concept of sequential data analysis.We illustrate with an example determining the validity of a technology for predicting Gleason score upgrading from biopsy to postprostatectomy (the Chun nomogram) in a clinical population different from the one used to initially validate the technology. Clinical data required by the Chun nomogram were available from 201 patients from the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource.Of 124 patients predicted by the Chun nomogram to have an upgrading event, 47 actually did. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the model was therefore 38% and significantly (P < .05) less than the value of 80% which we considered to be the smallest clinically useful PPV in this situation. Had the sequential methods introduced in this article been employed prospectively in this cohort, the same conclusion would have been reached using data from only the first 15 patients.In-clinic validation of predictive technologies will help the clinician adopt truly beneficial technologies and avoid the adoption of technologies which provide no significant benefit to their local patient population. For this task, sequential methods offer clear advantages.
Neutrophil migration inhibitory properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The role of fatty acid structure, metabolism, and possible second messenger systems.
Authors: A Ferrante, D Goh, D P Harvey, B S Robinson, C S Hii, E J Bates, S J Hardy, D W Johnson, A Poulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) appear to have antiinflammatory properties that can be partly explained by their biological activity on leukocytes. Since leukocyte emigration is an essential component of the inflammatory response, we have examined the effects of the n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) on neutrophil random and chemotactic movement. Preexposure of neutrophils for 15-30 min to 1-10 micrograms/ml PUFA reduced the random and chemotactic migration to both FMLP- and fungi-activated complement. The inhibitory effect diminished with increasing saturation and carbon chain length, and methylation abolished this activity. Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were the most active fatty acids. The PUFA concentration required to inhibit migration was dependent on cell number, suggesting that the fatty acid effects on leukocyte migration in vivo may be governed by the stage of the inflammatory response. It was concluded that the PUFA rather than their metabolites were responsible for the inhibition since: (a) antioxidants did not prevent the PUFA-induced migration inhibition and the hydroxylated intermediates were less active, and (b) inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways were without effect. Inhibitors of protein kinases and calmodulin-dependent enzyme system did not prevent the PUFA-induced migration inhibition, which was also independent of phospholipase D-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids. It is also shown that PUFA decrease the FMLP-induced Ca2+ mobilization.
Occupational, Commuting, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Relation to Total and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Finnish Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gang Hu, Johan Eriksson, Noël C. Barengo, Timo A. Lakka, Timo T. Valle, Aulikki Nissinen, Pekka Jousilahti, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Some previous studies have assessed the association between leisure-time physical activity and mortality among patients with diabetes, but the potential effect of occupational and commuting physical activity remains uncertain. Methods and Results— We prospectively followed up 3316 Finnish participants 25 to 74 years of age with type 2 diabetes. The association of different types of physical activity with mortality was examined with Cox proportional-hazard models. During a mean follow-up of 18.4 years, 1410 deaths were recorded, 903 of which were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The multivariate-adjusted (age, sex, study year, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and the 2 other types of physical activity) hazard ratios associated with light, moderate, and active work were 1.00, 0.86, and 0.60 ( P trend &lt;0.001) for total mortality and 1.00, 0.91, and 0.60 ( P trend &lt;0.001) for CVD mortality, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios associated with low, moderate, and high leisure-time physical activity were 1.00, 0.82, and 0.71 ( P trend &lt;0.001) for total mortality and 1.00, 0.83, and 0.67 ( P trend =0.005) for CVD mortality, respectively. Active commuting had significant inverse associations with total and CVD mortality, but these relations were no longer significant after additional adjustment for occupational and leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions— Moderate or high levels of physical activity reduce total and CVD mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. Not only leisure-time physical activity but also occupational and commuting physical activities are important components of a healthy lifestyle among patients with diabetes.
New Method for Diagnosis of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Patrick D. Lester
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IT IS KNOWN that the administration of tetracycline results in visible yellow fluorescence of tumor tissue.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this paper is to communicate our experiences in the recovery of fluorescent material from the gastric contents in subjects with known bronchogenic carcinoma. <h3>Method</h3> Thirty male patients at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Oklahoma City, were studied. Fifteen of these patients had histologically proven bronchogenic carcinomas at different stages of the disease. The other 15 patients were diagnosed as having acute or chronic pulmonary diseases other than carcinoma. All study subjects received 1.0 gm of oxytetracycline in divided doses, orally, for five consecutive days, followed by a one day interval to allow for the disappearance of any residual tetracycline particles in the stomach and for the elimination of fluorescence from normal tissues. An overnight sputum specimen was obtained for exfoliative cytology. In the early morning of the seventh day, the stomach was
Selective control of inhibitory synapse development by Slitrk3-PTPδ trans-synaptic interaction
Authors: Hideto Takahashi, Kei-ichi Katayama, Kazuhiro Sohya, Hiroyuki Miyamoto, Tuhina Prasad, Yoshifumi Matsumoto, Maya Ota, Hiroki Yasuda, Tadaharu Tsumoto, Jun Aruga, Ann Marie Craig
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Early and Late Effects of High- Versus Low-Dose Angiotensin Receptor Blockade on Renal Function and Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Michael S. Kiernan, Douglas Gregory, Mark J. Sarnak, Patrick Rossignol, Joseph Massaro, Robb Kociol, Faiez Zannad, Marvin A. Konstam
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Robotic Prostatectomy Diffusion Safety Concerns
Authors: Mohamad E. Allaf, Alan W. Partin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Increased thromboxane biosynthesis in type IIa hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: G Davì, M Averna, I Catalano, C Barbagallo, A Ganci, A Notarbartolo, G Ciabattoni, C Patrono
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Increased platelet thromboxane (TX)A2 production has been described in type IIa hypercholesterolemia. To verify the relevance of these capacity-related measurements to the actual rate of TXA2 biosynthesis in vivo, we studied the urinary excretion of its major enzymatic metabolites in 46 patients with type IIa hypercholesterolemia and 20 age-matched controls.Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 2,3-dinor-TXB2 were measured by previously validated radioimmunoassays. The excretion rate of 11-dehydro-TXB2 was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in patients (68.7 +/- 35.1 ng/hr, mean +/- SD) than in controls (22.4 +/- 9.4 ng/hr), with metabolite excretion greater than 2 SD of the normal mean in 74% of the patients. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 was significantly (p less than 0.01) correlated with the threshold aggregating concentration of collagen (r = -0.641) and arachidonate (r = -0.734) and with agonist-induced platelet TXB2 production in vitro (r = 0.647 and 0.748, respectively). Moreover, a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.673, p less than 0.001, n = 66) was found between 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion and total plasma cholesterol. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor simvastatin (20 mg/day for 6 months) significantly reduced cholesterol levels by 22-28% and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion by 32-42% in 10 patients. However, the reduction in the latter did not correlate with the reduction in the former and may have resulted from a nonspecific effect of simvastatin. Moreover, selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity by low-dose aspirin (50 mg/day for 7 days) was associated with cumulative inhibition of 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion by approximately 70% in six patients.TXA2 biosynthesis is enhanced in the majority of patients with type IIa hypercholesterolemia; this is, at least in part, a consequence of abnormal cholesterol levels, as suggested by the correlation between the two. Low-dose aspirin can largely suppress increased metabolite excretion, thus suggesting that it reflects TXA2-dependent platelet activation in vivo.
Getting the best from research funding
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It is just over a year since David Cooksey published his plans to reform UK research funding. Geoff Watts reports on how the ideas are working “It ain’t broke, but let’s fix it anyway.” Although this is not a sentence you will find anywhere in the text of David Cooksey’s 2006 report on the funding of medical research in Britain,1 this coarse description does capture the thinking that underpins it. Generous praise for the achievements of UK health and medical research—then a “but.” It’s rather like a school report: doing pretty well, but could do still better. And this teacher is having his way: the report’s central recommendations are being implemented. So what is happening—and should researchers be nervous? It was Gordon Brown who set the ball rolling a couple of years ago with his announcement that Medical Research Council and National Health Service research and development funds were to be combined in one ring fenced pot to be held jointly by the secretaries of state for health and (as was) trade and industry. Brown was responding to the widely held view that too many of the products of British biomedical research have been left for others to exploit commercially. He had been persuaded that a single research fund, strategically deployed and with economic benefits in mind, could improve matters. The plan had three objectives (box). The man chosen to devise a means of meeting them, David Cooksey, has experience not only in business but in the oversight of medical research, including a governorship of the Wellcome Trust. #### Objectives of reform
Dynamic Construction of a Coherent Attentional State in a Prefrontal Cell Population
Authors: Mikiko Kadohisa, Philippe Petrov, Mark Stokes, Natasha Sigala, Mark Buckley, David Gaffan, Makoto Kusunoki, John Duncan
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Prefrontal cortex has been proposed to show highly adaptive information coding, with neurons dynamically allocated to processing task-relevant information. To track this dynamic allocation in monkey prefrontal cortex, we used time-resolved measures of neural population activity in a simple case of competition between target (behaviorally critical) and nontarget objects in opposite visual hemifields. Early in processing, there were parallel responses to competing inputs, with neurons in each hemisphere dominated by the contralateral stimulus. Later, the nontarget lost control of neural activity, with emerging global control by the behaviorally critical target. The speed of transition reflected the competitive weights of different display elements, occurring most rapidly when relative behavioral significance was well established by training history. In line with adaptive coding, the results show widespread reallocation of prefrontal processing resources as an attentional focus is established.
Acyclovir and Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: LUIGI RESEGOTTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Acyclovir and Behçet's SyndromeLUIGI RESEGOTTI, M.D., MARIANGELA PISTONE, M.D.LUIGI RESEGOTTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARIANGELA PISTONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-319_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After reading the report of Wade and Meyers (1) and the letter of Vartian and Shlaes (2) on neurologic deterioration after intravenous acyclovir treatment, we write to report that we have seen a remarkable improvement of the neurologic symptoms in a patient with Behçet's syndrome who was treated with acyclovir. This antiviral agent was given to this patient because other treatments had proved useless, and there is some evidence of a viral cause for the disease.A 48-year-old-man was found to have Behçet's syndrome in 1980. Despite treatment with amantadine and prednisone, the disease progressively worsened. On...References1. WADEMEYERS JJ. Neurologic symptoms associated with parenteral acyclovir treatment after marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:921-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VARTIANSHLAES CD. Intravenous acyclovir and neurologic effects [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:568. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LUIGI RESEGOTTI, M.D.; MARIANGELA PISTONE, M.D.Affiliations: Ospedale Maggiore SS. Annunziata I-12038 Savigliano, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection and Behçet's SyndromeNon-herpetic fulminant meningoencephalitis with periodic lateralised epileptiform dischargesTreatment of Behçet’s DiseaseBehçet’s disease and complex aphthosisRECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITISBehçet's syndrome / AIDS / cerebral toxoplasmosis: an unusual associationRecurrent aphthous ulceration: Virological and immunological aspectsAre viruses associated with aphthae and oral vesiculoerosive disorders?Viruses and chronic disorders involving the human oral mucosaBehcet's disease in a patient with immunodeficiency virus infection.Neutrophilic vascular reactionsBehçet's diseaseBehçe’s Disease and Complex AphthosisThalidomide in the treatment of neuro-Behcet's syndromeDermatologic therapy: December 1983 through November 1984Behcet's Syndrome and AcyclovirT. SÖZEN, M.D., B. ATEŞ, M.D. 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 319-319KeywordsAntiviralsPatientsProgressive diseasesViral diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...