tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History.
Authors: Guy Lacy Schless, John D. Thompson, Grace Goldin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

It is claimed that this is the first interpretative history of American social welfare, which is defined as ". . .those social security, social service, and health programs, activities, and organizations, public and private, the primary purpose of which [is] to promote the well-being of those individuals that society [feels need and deserve] help."As well as supporting and improving the well-being of needy individuals and groups, the modem welfare system also improves community conditions and helps to solve social problems affecting all members of it.This book is not, however, a definitive account, but a brief review of the main American policies and practices from the colonial period to the present, representing the essence of social welfare history and its significance in the American experience.Chapters deal with the background history of colonial and revolutionary America, indoor relief, scientific charity, child welfare, the public health settlement, house and mental movements, the renaissance of public welfare and the quest for profes- sionalization in the early twentieth century, social work in the 1920s, the Depression and a New Deal, and finally the post-war decades.Throughout, the book is well written, with substantial bibliographies after each chapter, and it is modestly priced.It can be warmly recommended.
Transient Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in CD3 monoclonal antibody-treated patients
Authors: Bart Keymeulen, Sophie Candon, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Anette Ziegler, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Chantal Mathieu, Evy Vandemeulebroucke, Markus Walter, Laurent Crenier, Eric Thervet, Christophe Legendre, Denis Pierard, Geoff Hale, Herman Waldmann, Jean-François Bach, Jean Marie Seigneurin, Daniel Pipeleers, Lucienne Chatenoud
Journal: Blood (2009)
A2.7 Interleukin-18 production upon S100 stimulation is reduced in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: NM Ter Haar, W De Jager, RC Scholman, SJ Vastert, S De Roock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic onset Juvenile Idiopathic Artritis (sJIA), also known as Still's disease, is characterised by arthritis with symptoms of systemic inflammation such as spiking fever, rash and serositis. It is considered an autoinflammatory disease with a major role for the innate immune system. The S100-proteins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 interleukin (IL)-18 in plasma are extremely elevated in sJIA patients and have been proposed to be useful biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and response to therapy. However, the relationship between S100-proteins and IL-18 in sJIA and the role of S100 proteins in pathogenesis is still unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the relation between S100-proteins and IL-18 in sJIA. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sJIA patients during active disease and during remission and PBMCs from healthy controls were stimulated with S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 or LPS (positive control) for four hours. As a second signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ATP was added during the last 30 min. Cytokine levels in supernatant were measured by Luminex; cell frequencies and TLR-expression were analysed by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Upon stimulation with S100-proteins, PBMCs from healthy donors produced inflammasome dependent IL-1b, IL-18 as well as inflammasome independent IL-6 and TNF-a; IL-18 and IL-1b production was further enhanced when ATP was added. S100 proteins are known to bind to TLR4 and RAGE; blocking TLR4 by adding CLI-095 decreased cytokine production to near normal levels, while blocking RAGE did not have an effect on cytokine production. When compared to healthy controls, PBMCs from sJIA patients produced less IL-18 upon S100 stimulation. The addition of ATP enhanced this differential effect. PBMCs from patients with active disease were less responsive to S100 stimulation than PBMCs from the same patient in remission. The same trend of hyporesponsiveness was seen when PBMCs from sJIA patients were stimulated with TLR2 or TLR7/8 ligands, suggesting cross-tolerance in these patient cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> S100-proteins serve as a first signal via TLR4 to establish NLRP3 inflammasome activation and thereby induce production of IL-1b and IL-18. Interestingly, PBMCs from sJIA patients with active disease are hyporesponsive to S100-proteins compared to sJIA patients in remission and healthy controls. We are currently investigating whether this hyporesponsiveness can be explained by stress tolerance of PBMCs after prolonged elevation of serum S100-proteins. <h3>Acknowledgments for providing S100 proteins</h3> Holzinger D<sup>1</sup>, Vogl T<sup>2</sup>, Foell D<sup>1</sup>, Roth J<sup>2</sup> <sup>1</sup>University Hospital Muenster and University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany <sup>2</sup> University of Muenster, Institute of Immunology, Muenster, Germany
Pork Tapeworm of Cysticercus Involving Peripheral Nerve
Authors: Jerome S. Nosanchuk
Journal: JAMA (1980)

CYSTICERCOSIS is a disease of known cause and well-defined manifestations. Thus, it is somewhat unexpected to make a new observation in an "old" disease. Here we describe what may be the first example of cysticercus involving the peripheral nervous system. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old, otherwise healthy woman manifested an enlarging, painful nodule located in the upper, inner area of the left arm immediately over the median nerve. She had experienced paresthesias along the median nerve distribution for several weeks before consulting her physician. The patient was Vietnamese but had lived in the United States for the previous five years. On physical examination, the lesion was found to be a poorly defined 2-cm mobile, nontender nodule located close to the bicipital groove. The lesion was characteristic of a schwannoma. Her complete blood cell count (CBC), chemical profile, and chest roentgenogram were all within normal limits. At surgery, a highly
Does Chromoendoscopy with Structure Enhancement Improve the Colonoscopic Adenoma Detection Rate?
Authors: M.-G. Lapalus, T. Helbert, B. Napoleon, J. Rey, P. Houcke, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Colonoscopy is still considered the standard investigation for the detection of colorectal adenomas, but the miss rate, especially for small and flat lesions, remains unacceptably high. Chromoscopy has been shown to increase the yield for lesion detection in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to determine whether a combination of chromoscopy and structure enhancement could increase the adenoma detection rate in high-risk patients. Patients and Methods: All patients included in the trial had a personal history of colorectal adenomas and/or a family history of colorectal cancer (but excluding genetic syndromes). They were randomized to one of two tandem colonoscopy groups, with the first pass consisting of conventional colonoscopy for both groups, followed by either chromoscopy and structure enhancement (the "study" group) or a second conventional colonoscopy (the control group) for the second-pass colonoscopy. All detected lesions was examined histopathologically after endoscopic resection or biopsy. The principal outcome parameter was the adenoma detection rate; the number, histopathology, and location of lesions was also recorded. Results: A total of 292 patients were included in the study (146 patients in each group). The patients' demographic characteristics, the indications for colonoscopy, and the quality of bowel preparation were similar in the two groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups with respect to the median duration of the examination (18.9 minutes in the control group vs. 27.1 minutes for the study group, P < 0.001). Although more hyperplastic lesions were detected throughout the colon in the study group (P = 0.033), there was no difference between the two groups in either the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma or in the total number of adenomas detected. Chromoscopy and structure enhancement diagnosed significantly more diminutive adenomas (< 5mm) in the right colon, compared with controls (P = 0.039). Conclusions: On the basis of our results we cannot generally recommend the systematic use of chromoscopy and structure enhancement in a high-risk patient population, although the detection of small adenomas in the proximal colon was improved.
Treatment of Human Brucellosis with Doxycycline plus Rifampin or Doxycycline plus Streptomycin
Authors: Javier Ariza, Francisco Gudiol, Roman Pallares, Pedro F. Viladrich, Gabriel Rufi, Juan Corredoira, Maria R. Miravitlles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of doxycycline-rifampin (DR) combination therapy with that of the classic doxycycline-streptomycin (DS) combination in patients with brucellosis. Design: A randomized, double-blind study, with a mean follow-up of 15.7 months. Setting: A 1000-bed teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Patients: Ninety-five patients (68 men and 27 women; mean age, 39 years) diagnosed with brucellosis on the basis of both clinical and serologic findings; 81 of these patients had blood cultures positive for Brucella melitensis. Interventions: Forty-four patients received doxycycline, 100 mg every 12 hours, and rifampin, 15 mg/kg body weight per day in a single morning dose, for 45 days; 51 patients received the same dose of doxycycline, for 45 days plus streptomycin, 1 g/d for 15 days. Main Outcome Measures: Therapeutic failure and relapse during the follow-up period. Results: The mean time to defervescence was 4.2 days for the DR group and 3.2 days for the DS group (P > 0.2). The actuarial probability of therapeutic failure or relapse at 12 months of follow-up (Kaplan-Meier) was 14.4% in the DR group and 5.9% in the DS group (difference, 8.5%; 95% Cl, - 4.8% to 21.6%; P > 0.2). All three patients with spondylitis in the DR group failed therapy compared with one of four patients in the DS group. Excluding patients with spondylitis, the actuarial failure rate was 4.9% and 4.3% in the DR and DS groups, respectively, at 12 months of follow-up (difference, 0.6%; Cl, - 8.1% to 9.4%; P > 0.2). Conclusions: Doxycycline-rifampin combination therapy for 45 days is as effective as the classic DS combination in most patients with brucellosis; however, DR therapy might be less effective in those patients with spondylitis.
OBSERVATIONS ON 685 CASES OF POISONING BY NOXIOUS GASES USED BY THE ENEMY
Authors: J. E. Black, E. T. Glenny, J. W. McNee
Journal: BMJ (1915)

THE following notes are founded on observations on 685 cases of gas poisoning which came under treatment in a casualty clearing station between May 2nd and May 7tl, 1915.The patients were brought in by motor ambulance convoys from the field ambulances-a journey of about ten miles.Some arrived only six lhours after being "gassed," wlhile in other cases a muclh longer period had elapsed before ;they were brought in."Tiley were detained in tlle casualty clearing station only until they were deemed fit to evacuate to the base.The slighter cases were sent down at the earliest possible moment, the mlajority were evacuated within forty-eiglht hours, while a ntumber of severe cases were kept for several days while their condition remained critical.Tlle total number of cases admnitted during this period was 685.They were suffering from all degrees of asplhyxia, but no good reason could be given wlhy some cases were muclh worse than others fromn the same trenclh.It was, however, observed that the older men were almost all severe cases.Extreme pressure of work -made it impossible to make notes on each case, but.the following general features have beet observed with caie,"and it is hoped may be of interest and assistawce to others.Tllh whole series could be roughly divided into two gr-oups:(a) Those who seeiped in imminent danger of deatl from asphiyxiqtion-about 120 in number.(b) The remainder who, althouglh suffering from the effect of the gas, did not appear in immnediate danger.Of tlle first group 33 died, giving a deatlh-rate in the total number of cases observed of just under 5 per cent.
Maternal and Gestational Risk Factors for Hypospadias
Authors: Olof Akre, Heather A. Boyd, Martin Ahlgren, Kerstin Wilbrand, Tine Westergaard, Henrik Hjalgrim, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Anders Ekbom, Mads Melbye
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAn increase in the prevalence of hypospadias has been reported, but the environmental causes remain virtually unknown.ObjectivesOur goal was to assess the association between risk of hypospadias and indicators of placental function and endogenous hormone levels, exposure to exogenous hormones, maternal diet during pregnancy, and other environmental factors.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study in Sweden and Denmark from 2000 through 2005 using self-administered questionnaires completed by mothers of hypospadias cases and matched controls. The response rate was 88% and 81% among mothers of cases and controls, respectively. The analyses included 292 cases and 427 controls.ResultsA diet during pregnancy lacking both fish and meat was associated with a more than 4-fold increased risk of hypospadias [odds ratio (OR) = 4.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–13.3]. Boys born to obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30] women had a more than 2-fold increased risk of hypospadias (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2–5.7) compared with boys born to mothers with a normal weight (BMI = 20–24). Maternal hypertension during pregnancy and absence of maternal nausea increased a boy's risk of hypospadias 2.0-fold (95% CI, 1.1–3.7) and 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.2–2.8), respectively. Nausea in late pregnancy also appeared to be positively associated with hypospadias risk (OR = 7.6; 95% CI, 1.1–53).ConclusionsA pregnancy diet lacking meat and fish appears to increase the risk of hypospadias in the offspring. Other risk associations were compatible with a role for placental insufficiency in the etiology of hypospadias.
Clarity is needed on which sites to screen
Authors: S. F Hill
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Kluytmans and Struelens, in their clinical review on meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospital, concluded that the most important site to screen for MRSA carriage was the nose and that screening other non-clinical sites (perineum, groin, or axilla) was not useful.1

This is contrary to the …
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR GENOTYPES AND BETA-BLOCKER TREATMENT RESPONSE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: ANALYSIS BY CARDIAC 123I-MIBG SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: Claudio Tinoco Mesauita, Sandra M. Miranda, Samuel Moscavitch, Ronaldo Rodrigues, Sabrina B. Pereira, Leandro Messias, Georgina S. Ribeiro, Jader C. Azevedo, Marcus Vinicus J. Santos, Evandro T. Mesquita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Urinary Retention in an Infant caused by Malignant Growth
Authors: P. H. Merlin
Journal: BMJ (1945)

alimentary intake of protein, it is an advantage to supplement an increase in orally administered protein by parenteral therapy.The transfusion of plasma is a convenient method.It was used with success by Holmes (1944) in a similar case of hypoproteinaemia following the treatment of a microcytic anaemia in a vegetarian.Large amounts of plasma may be needed to treat severe protein depletion.The actual amount used in a given case must be judged by the clinical response in the form of diuresis and reduction of oedema.In this case and in Holmes's a moderate amount of plasma was given intravenously to initiate diuresis, and the complete restoration of protein was obtained by an increase in the oral intake.Recently the intravenous infusion of amino-acids has been suggested by several American workers (Elman, 1940;
Sudden death after repair of double-outlet right ventricle.
Authors: W K Shen, D R Holmes, C J Porter, D C McGoon, D M Ilstrup
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The outlook for patients with double-outlet right ventricle has improved since the development of corrective operations. Late arrhythmic deaths after successful procedures have been reported; however, the magnitude remains unknown. This study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of late sudden death and the significant factors associated with it. From 1965 through 1985, 118 patients underwent corrective operation for double-outlet right ventricle; of these, 23 died in the hospital and six were lost to follow-up. The 89 remaining patients (52 male and 37 female) made up the study population. Their mean age (+/- SD) was 10.3 +/- 7.8 years at the time of repair. The mean duration of follow-up was 82 months. Of the 22 late deaths, 16 (73%) were sudden. Eight (50%) of the sudden deaths occurred within 1 year of operation. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis revealed the following significant risk factors for late sudden death: older age at the time of operation, perioperative or postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and third-degree atrioventricular block. Factors not associated with late sudden death included year of operation, sex, type and number of associated cardiac anomalies, preoperative functional class, previous palliative procedures, surgical technique, perioperative or postoperative single premature ventricular contractions, and postoperative left or right bundle branch block with or without fascicular block. We conclude that the incidence of late sudden death after successful surgical repair of double-outlet right ventricle is very high. Complete corrective operation at an early age and aggressive diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias and conduction defects after operation are warranted.
The Moorgate Disaster: Lessons for the Internist
Authors: E. GARNER KING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 March 1976The Moorgate Disaster: Lessons for the InternistE. GARNER KING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.E. GARNER KING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-333 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA disaster is a "sudden and extraordinary misfortune [and] implies an unforeseen mischance bringing with it destruction of life or property . . ."(1). For medicine, disaster also has an implication of mass casualties that cannot adequately be cared for by the usual pace of the health-care system. These notions of disaster were well illustrated on 28 February 1975 when a subway train crashed into the blind end of a tunnel at the Moorgate Station of the London tube system, producing 113 casualties. The problems of extrication of victims, communication, and medical management have been recorded in a two-part article...References1. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Toronto, Thomas Allen, Ltd., 1956 Google Scholar2. : Moorgate tube train disaster. I. Response of medical services. II. Clinicopathological review. Br Med J 3:727-731, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RUTHERFORD W: Experience in the accident and emergency department of the Royal Victoria Hospital with patients from civil disturbances in Belfast 1964-72 with a review of disasters in the United Kingdom 1951-71. Injury 4:189-199, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TUCKERLETTIN KA: Surgery of violence: the Tower of London bomb explosion. Br Med J 3:287-290, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HARTLEEBOYLES RJD: The Summerland disaster. Br Med J 1:256-259, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. STALCUPOSCHERMITZCOHEN SMM: Planning for a pediatric disaster: experience with 1600 Vietnamese orphans. N Engl J Med 293:691-695, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. SAVAGE P: Disaster planning: a review. Injury 3:49-55, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. KOEGLERHICKS RS: The destruction of a medical center by earthquake. Calif Med 116:63-67, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar9. MENDELSON J: The use of whole blood and blood volume expanders in U.S. military medical facilities in Viet Nam 1966-71. Trauma 15:1-13, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe hyatt regency skywalk collapse: An EMS-based disaster responseHospital Physician’s Role in Disaster Planning and in Management of the Disaster Site: The City of Chicago Disaster Plan 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 333-334 Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Age as a Risk Factor for Inadequate Treatment-Reply
Authors: Terrie Wetle
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Dr Desbiens and Drs Zagonel and Tirelli underline the importance of theappropriateuse of age in clinical decision making, the intended point of my editorial. I would disagree, however, with Dr Desbiens' statement that the immediate risk of death from therapy is necessarily more acceptable for the young than for the old. At any age, the value of the years of life to be saved or the quality of life to be gained by an intervention must be weighed against the risksfor the individual patient. As Drs Zagonel and Tirelli point out, much more is needed to be known regarding optimum treatment for elderly cancer patients, and I would agree that protocols developed and tested in younger patients must be carefully tested in older patients. Such studies will improve our ability to predict which individual patients are likely to respond well to specific interventions. As with
THE LATEST METHODS OF TREATING CARCINOMA BY HYPODERMIC INJECTION.
Authors: EDMUND ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The partial success of Professor Coley's treatment of sarcoma by the injection of the toxins of erysipelas and of the bacillus prodigiosus has aroused interest, and induced surgeons both sides of the ocean to experiment with other articles. One of these is the extract of chelidonium majus. This is the ancient semi-domestic remedy called celandine. It is an acrid irritant having such energy that applied to the skin it causes inflammation and blisters, and applied to warts is said to destroy them by acting like a caustic. Dr. Denicenco of Russia (<i>Wratsch, St. Petersburg</i>) experimented with it first in epithelioma of the lip, and having produced cures (by sloughing) he was led to use it in inoperable cancers of various parts of the body. He gives it internally by the mouth, applies it on the surface, and injects it into the tumor itself. Probably the whole effect comes from the