tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In ICU and OR, computers lead the way
Authors: David Seitman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Anesthesiology and critical care medicine are two fields that rely heavily on sophisticated machinery in their daily operations. Such technology was discussed extensively at the recent Fourth Annual IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference in Philadelphia. In one presentation, Robert Sclabassi, MD, PhD, associate professor of neurosurgery, and John Vries, MD, associate professor of neurosurgery, both at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, described a microprocessor (DEC LSI 11/2)-based monitoring system for the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU). Monitoring devices are attached in the usual manner to keep track of the ECG, arterial pressure, average perfusion pressure, and average respiratory rate each minute. The computer is programmed to alert the staff when a patient's physiological profile suggests an expanding intracranial lesion. All data, measured and computed, are stored in the computer's memory and can be displayed in graphic and in tabular form on a Tektronix terminal screen
Review: Oseltamivir relieves symptoms but does not reduce hospitalizations in influenza
Authors: Marek Smieja
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(1):CD008965. 22258996
Evaluation of human cytomegalovirus latency in alveolar macrophages.
Authors: A Fajac, M Vidaud, F Lebargy, F Stephan, S Ricci, P Geslin, M Goossens, J F Bernaudin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a major cause of illness in immunocompromised patients. The sites of human CMV (HCMV) latency are still not clearly defined. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages could constitute such a site. DNA extracted from alveolar cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage and blood mononuclear cells (BMC) from asymptomatic nonimmunocompromised CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative patients were investigated. Controls consisted of DNA from a CMV-infected MRC5 cell line, BMC and alveolar macrophages from patients with acute CMV infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed for detection of a 290-bp fragment of the promoter region of the major immediate early gene of HCMV conserved within the various HCMV strains and without homology with the human genome. The limit of detection of the method was evaluated to be one HCMV viral copy per 10(4) cells. HCMV DNA was detected in BMC or alveolar cells of all patients with acute CMV infection. In contrast, no HCMV DNA was detected in alveolar cells and BMC from nonimmunocompromised asymptomatic HCMV-seropositive patients. In conclusion, in the present experiment, no latent HCMV could be detected in alveolar cells collected in nonimmunocompromised asymptomatic CMV-seropositive patients.
Proximity to Traffic, Ambient Air Pollution, and Community Noise in Relation to Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anneclaire J. De Roos, Mieke Koehoorn, Lillian Tamburic, Hugh W. Davies, Michael Brauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: The risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with living near traffic; however, there is evidence suggesting that air pollution may not be responsible for this association. Noise, another traffic-generated exposure, has not been studied as a risk factor for RA.Objectives: We investigated proximity to traffic, ambient air pollution, and community noise in relation to RA in the Vancouver and Victoria regions of British Columbia, Canada.Methods: Cases and controls were identified in a cohort of adults that was assembled using health insurance registration records. Incident RA cases from 1999 through 2002 were identified by diagnostic codes in combination with prescriptions and type of physician (e.g., rheumatologist). Controls were matched to RA cases by age and sex. Environmental exposures were assigned to each member of the study population by their residential postal code(s). We estimated relative risks using conditional logistic regression, with additional adjustment for median income at the postal code.Results: RA incidence was increased with proximity to traffic, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.68) for residence ≤ 50 m from a highway compared with residence > 150 m away. We found no association with traffic-related exposures such as PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, or noise. Ground-level ozone, which was highest in suburban areas, was associated with an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36 per interquartile range increase).Conclusions: Our study confirms a previously observed association of RA risk with proximity to traffic and suggests that neither noise levels nor traffic-related air pollutants are responsible for this relationship. Additional investigation of neighborhood and individual correlates of residence near roadways may provide new insight into risk factors for RA.Citation: De Roos AJ, Koehoorn M, Tamburic L, Davies HW, Brauer M. 2014. Proximity to traffic, ambient air pollution, and community noise in relation to incident rheumatoid arthritis. Environ Health Perspect 122:1075–1080; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307413
Chronic Bile Duct Ligation in the Dog: Hemodynamic Characterization of a Portal Hypertensive Model
Authors: Jaime Bosch, Rosa Enriquez, Roberto J. Groszmann, Edward H. Storer
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics were measured in six normal dogs and in 18 dogs that had the bile ducts ligated for a period of 8 weeks. In the bile duct-ligated dogs, there was a decrease in arterial pressure (110 ± 4 mm Hg vs. normal 136 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.005) and peripheral vascular resistance (4.60 ± 0.38 vs. 6.28 ± 0.38 dynes-sec-cm−5; p < 0.02), and an increase in cardiac index (129 ± 7 vs. 98 ± 9 ml per min per kg; p < 0.05). The splanchnic hemodynamic characteristics in the bile duct-ligated dogs included an increase in portal venous pressure (13.3 ± 0.6 mm Hg vs. 6.7 ± 0.5 mm Hg; p < 001) and wedged hepatic venous pressure (14 ± 1.2 mm Hg), the development of extensive portal-systemic shunting (49 ± 10 vs. 0.03 ± 0.017c; p < 0.01), and a decrease in portal venous flow (194 ± 21 ml per min vs. 427 ± 21 ml per min; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that chronic bile duct-ligated dogs develop sinusoidal portal hypertension with extensive portal-systemic shunting and a hyperdynamic systemic circulation. These findings closely resembled hemodynamic abnormalities observed in human cirrhosis and suggest that this model is useful in physiopathological and pharmacological studies of portal hypertension.
Prognostic value of a coronary artery jeopardy score
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Harry R. Phillips, Michael C. Hindman, Daniel B. Mark, Kerry L. Lee, Victor S. Behar, Robert A. Johnson, David B. Pryor, Robert A. Rosati, Galen S. Wagner, Frank E. Harrell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Guide to Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Hannah L. Hedrick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

While teachers themselves may be born with a natural inclination to educate others, those who also administer graduate medical education (GME) must be amenable to a grueling learning process that no amount of talent can circumvent. Orientation to their many tasks is frequently by trial and error, assisted by homegrown guides or pieces of information gleaned from a variety of sources.  GME administrators have multiple files for the accreditation process (ACGME? RRC? PIF? CAAR? IRD? ARGGGH!*) and the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP). (When do we have to return our agreements to the NRMP? Is there a handbook for students, similar to the institutional handbook?) They struggle with developing a housestaff manual that contains all the required items and a few that are useful but optional. GME administrative staff are responsible for orienting resident physicians to the institution, the program department, and related departments; for helping residents enter and exit
Smooth muscle cell-specific Hif-1α deficiency suppresses angiotensin II-induced vascular remodelling in mice
Authors: Masaki Imanishi, Shuhei Tomita, Keisuke Ishizawa, Yoshitaka Kihira, Masaki Ueno, Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa, Yasumasa Ikeda, Noriko Yamano, Koichiro Tsuchiya, Toshiaki Tamaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Vascular remodelling is mediated by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and hypertrophy, both processes of which are linked to medial thickening and fibrosis. Here, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodelling in an in vivo model. To clarify the role of Hif-1α in vascular remodelling, we created mice lacking the Hif-1α gene in SMCs (SMKO mice). Ang II infusion induced medial thickening and vascular fibrosis, accompanied by Hif-1α up-regulation, in the aortae of control mice, but not in those of SMKO mice. In accordance with those results, our in vitro studies showed that the deletion of SMC-derived Hif-1α suppressed the Ang II-induced hypertrophy of VSMCs, and our in vivo studies showed that the Ang II-induced expression of fibrosis-related genes in aortae was suppressed by SMC-specific Hif-1α deficiency. In addition, the SMC-specific Hif-1α deficiency suppressed Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration and Ang II-induced expression of inflammation-related genes in aortae. The superoxide production observed in the aortae of control mice with Ang II was suppressed in those of SMKO mice with Ang II, and this finding was consistent with the results of little Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation in SMKO mouse aortae. Loss- and gain-of-function analysis in in vitro experiments confirmed that VSMC-derived Hif-1α functions as an intrinsic modulator of vascular remodelling-related gene expression. Our results revealed that SMC-derived Hif-1α is a crucial mediator of Ang II-induced vascular remodelling.
AN EXPLANATION FOR TRANSFERENCE CURE: ITS OCCURRENCE IN PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: LAWRENCE C. KOLB, JOHN MONTGOMERY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

A case report of a "transference cure" is presented in which the mechanisms productive of change were obtained from the patient external to the therapeutic situation. Essentially the patient produced material indicating his analysis of a transference distortion, beyond the awareness of his therapist. No other similar report exists in the literature. The clinical data is discussed in relation to past conceptions of the "transference cures." It is suggested that certain " transference cures" are the result of the patient's capacity to work through the transference unknown to the therapist, whether in the medium of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or any other approach to psychotherapy. The significance of the findings in this case are considered in terms of the intellectual capacity of the patient, the influence of the cultural milieu in which it occurred, the precipitating effect of contact between patient and therapist outside the established treatment setting, and the necessity of recognizing that analysis of transference occurs beyond the practice of established psychoanalysis or psychotherapy with psychoanalytic knowledge. The importance of further study of "transference cures" is emphasized.
CD40 Ligation on Human Cord Blood CD34+Hematopoietic Progenitors Induces Their Proliferation and Differentiation into Functional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Leopoldo Flores-Romo, Pia Björck, Valérie Duvert, Cees van Kooten, Sem Saeland, Jacques Banchereau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Human CD34+ multilineage progenitor cells (CD34HPC) from cord blood and bone marrow express CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor–receptor family present on various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. As hyper-IgM patients with mutated CD40 ligand (CD40L) exhibit neutropenia, no B cell memory, and altered T cell functions leading to severe infections, we investigated the potential role of CD40 on CD34HPC development. CD40activated cord blood CD34HPC were found to proliferate and differentiate independently of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, into a cell population with prominent dendritic cell (DC) attributes including priming of allogeneic naive T cells. DC generated via the CD40 pathway displayed strong major histocompatibility complex class II DR but lacked detectable CD1a and CD40 expression. These features were shared by a dendritic population identified in situ in tonsillar T cell areas. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that CD40 is functional on CD34HPC and its cross-linking by CD40L+ cells results in the generation of DC that may prime immune reactions during antigen-driven responses to pathogenic invasion, thus providing a link between hematopoiesis, innate, and adaptive immunity.
Fifteen countries are at risk of Ebola outbreak, says WHO
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization has drawn up a list of 15 countries that are most at risk of an outbreak of Ebola virus disease.The countries have land borders or strong trade and travel routes to the three most affected countries, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and health systems that are not strong enough to cope with a potential outbreak.The 15 are Mali, Ivory Coast, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau (the four countries bordering the three affected countries) and Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, South Sudan, Nigeria, Mauritania, Togo, and Burkina Faso.
PROPYLENE GLYCOL A MENSTRUUM FOR SODIUM SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: Fredrick F. Yonkman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  In Queries and Notes in a recent issue ofThe Journal(February 14, p. 567) one reads the reply to the disturbing question concerning the safe concentration of sodium sulfathiazole when used in medicating the nasal mucosa. As was so well stated, sodium sulfathiazole is not free of undesirable reactions because of the irritating properties associated with its alkalinity. Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfathiazole vary in p  H from 10 to 11 and may become yellow on standing, especially when unprotected from daylight. To obviate the strong alkalinity, irritating properties and deterioration of such solutions, we have dissolved various sulfonamides in propylene glycol ( Modern Hospital  57 :106 [July] 1941; J. Indiana M. A. , to be published in April). The most useful of these propylene glycol preparations have been a 3 per cent solution of sulfathiazole, a 3 per cent solution of sulfapyridine and a 10 per cent
443 Hepatitis C virus promotes angiopoietin-2 expression in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P. Sanz-Cameno, S. Martín-Vílchez, M.J. Borque, J.A. Moreno-Monteagudo, L. García-Buey, M. López-Cabrera, R. Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Immunoglobulin classes in plasma cells of the synovial membrane in chronic inflammatory joint disease.
Authors: P A Revell, V J Mayston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The histological features of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are shared by other chronic inflammatory joint diseases, so that diagnostic differentiation is impossible. Examination of the immunoglobulin class in the plasma cells present in inflamed synovial membranes, however, has shown differences. Synovial membranes from 12 patients were seropositive RA, eight with seronegative RA, eight with ankylosing spondylitis, five with psoriatic arthritis, and three with Reiter's syndrome have been compared by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining for immunoglobulin classes on routinely paraffin wax embedded sections. There were no significant differences in the percentages of plasma cells containing IgG of IgA between the diseases studied. There were, however, significantly more plasma cells containing IgM in patients with seropositive RA (2-34%) compared with those with seronegative RA (0-10%; p less than 0.002) and with other chronic synovitides (0-9%; p less than 0.002). The results show that it is possible to distinguish seropositive RA from other chronic inflammatory joint diseases by PAP staining for immunoglobulin classes in the plasma cells present in the inflamed synovial membrane.
Dietary fructose in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Miriam B. Vos, Joel E. Lavine
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in adults and children. A number of genetic and environmental factors are known to predispose individuals to NAFLD. Certain dietary sugars, particularly fructose, are suspected to contribute to the development of NAFLD and its progression. The increasing quantity of fructose in the diet comes from sugar additives (most commonly sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) in beverages and processed foods. Substantial links have been demonstrated between increased fructose consumption and obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests that fructose contributes to the development and severity of NAFLD. In human studies, fructose is associated with increasing hepatic fat, inflammation, and possibly fibrosis. Whether fructose alone can cause NAFLD or if it serves only as a contributor when consumed excessively in the setting of insulin resistance, positive energy balance, and sedentary lifestyle is unknown. Sufficient evidence exists to support clinical recommendations that fructose intake be limited through decreasing foods and drinks high in added (fructose-containing) sugars.
Risk-adapted BEACOPP regimen can reduce the cumulative dose of chemotherapy for standard and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma with no impairment of outcome
Authors: Eldad J. Dann, Rachel Bar-Shalom, Ada Tamir, Nissim Haim, Menachem Ben-Shachar, Irit Avivi, Tzila Zuckerman, Mark Kirschbaum, Odelia Goor, Diana Libster, Jacob M. Rowe, Ron Epelbaum
Journal: Blood (2006)
In vitro function of cyst epithelium from human polycystic kidney.
Authors: R D Perrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

It is thought that cysts in polycystic kidneys originate from nephron segments and function in a manner similar to the segment or origin. The indirect evidence for this derives from studies of microanatomy and cyst fluid composition. Cysts with low Na+ have been classified as distal, whereas cysts with high Na+ have been classified as proximal. In order to directly determine the transport characteristics of cyst epithelium, cysts from a human polycystic kidney were studied in vitro using Ussing chamber techniques. Composition of cyst fluid was determined in parallel with these studies. Cysts with low Na+ (gradient cysts) demonstrate characteristics consistent with distal nephron origin including elevated potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and low conductance. PD and Isc of gradient cysts were amiloride sensitive. Nongradient cysts, however, require additional characterization. At least two types of nongradient cysts were identified, one with characteristics consistent with proximal nephron origin and another apparently without function. These studies are the first direct evidence for active transport of cysts from human polycystic kidney and provide strong evidence to support the concept that cysts function in the same manner as the nephron segment of origin.
Lower serum hepcidin and greater parenchymal iron in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with C282Y<i>HFE</i>mutations
Authors: James E. Nelson, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepcidin regulation is linked to both iron and inflammatory signals and may influence iron loading in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among HFE genotype, serum hepcidin level, hepatic iron deposition, and histology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping for C282Y (rs1800562) and H63D (rs1799945) HFE mutations was performed in 786 adult subjects in the NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN). Clinical, histologic, and laboratory data were compared using nonparametric statistics and multivariate logistic regression. NAFLD patients with C282Y, but not H63D mutations, had lower median serum hepcidin levels (57 versus 65 ng/mL; P = 0.01) and higher mean hepatocellular (HC) iron grades (0.59 versus 0.28; P < 0.001), compared to wild-type (WT) subjects. Subjects with hepatic iron deposition had higher serum hepcidin levels than subjects without iron for all HFE genotypes (P < 0.0001). Hepcidin levels were highest among patients with mixed HC/reticuloendothelial system cell (RES) iron deposition. H63D mutations were associated with higher steatosis grades and NAFLD activity scores (odds ratio [OR], ≥1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: >1.0, ≤2.5; P ≤ 0.041), compared to WT, but not with either HC or RES iron. NAFLD patients with C282Y mutations had less ballooning or NASH (OR, ≤0.62; 95% CI: >0.39, <0.94; P ≤ 0.024), compared to WT subjects. Conclusions: The presence of C282Y mutations in patients with NAFLD is associated with greater HC iron deposition and decreased serum hepcidin levels, and there is a positive relationship between hepatic iron stores and serum hepcidin level across all HFE genotypes. These data suggest that body iron stores are the major determinant of hepcidin regulation in NAFLD, regardless of HFE genotype. A potential role for H63D mutations in NAFLD pathogenesis is possible through iron-independent mechanisms. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:1730–1740)
De novo vasculogenesis in the heart
Authors: A Luttun
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The formation of the embryonic heart vasculature is a complex process and is the result of vasculogenic, angiogenic and arteriogenic mechanisms, involving cells from distinct origins. In the neonate and the adult, several sources of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) have been identified that contribute to physiological and pathological vascularization, consistent with the concept of de novo vasculogenesis after birth, including in the heart. The existence of EPCs in the adult has offered the possibility to use these cells for revascularization of ischemic tissues. An important challenge for vascular regeneration in ischemic and post-infarction patients is now to identify the most adequate cell source and cell dose for sufficient revascularization. This review gives an overview of the cellular and molecular cues involved in the formation of the heart vasculature before and after birth and discusses some of the recent insights and outstanding questions on EPCs and other vascular progenitors—both from a biological and therapeutic perspective.
Impact of the humidification device on intubation rate during noninvasive ventilation with ICU ventilators: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: François Lellouche, E. L’Her, F. Abroug, N. Deye, P. O. Rodriguez, A. Rabbat, S. Jaber, M. Fartoukh, G. Conti, C. Cracco, J. C. Richard, J. D. Ricard, H. Mal, H. Mentec, F. Loisel, J. C. Lacherade, S. Taillé, L. Brochard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)