tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular access hemorrhages contribute to deaths among hemodialysis patients
Authors: Katherine D. Ellingson, Rakhee S. Palekar, Cynthia A. Lucero, Katherine M. Kurkjian, Shua J. Chai, Dana S. Schlossberg, Donna M. Vincenti, Jeffrey C. Fink, John O. Davies-Cole, Julie M. Magri, Matthew J. Arduino, Priti R. Patel
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Acid Haematin Method for Haemoglobin Estimation
Authors: C. A. Ashford
Journal: BMJ (1943)

MEDICAL JOURLNALgiven up expectorants in the treatment of bronchitis.In acute bronchitis-a condition which tends to spontaneous cure -we rely chiefly on rest in bed, an abundance of hot drinks, steam inhalations, and sedatives to control an irritating cough;
Proteins give early clue to coronary artery disease
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Levels of blood proteins may help to predict the risk posed by coronary artery disease and help doctors to decide on the best course of treatment.

Researchers have found that raised levels of myeloperoxidase, an enzyme secreted from activated neutrophils, monocytes, and tissue macrophages, are independently associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease ( JAMA 2001;286:2136-42).

Dr Stanley Hazen from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, and colleagues collected data for 158 patients with known coronary artery disease and for 175 controls. They measured levels of leucocyte myeloperoxidase and blood myeloperoxidase for each patient. The researchers found …
P2-208: Induction chemotherapy with a novel triplet regimen before consolidation radiotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): final analysis of a phase II study.
Authors: Denis C. Schallier, Bart Neyns, Christel Fontaine, Bart Ilsen, Marc Meysman, Samuel Bral, Hendrik Everaert, Jacques De Greve
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Effects of Chronic Aortic Insufficiency with Observations on Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: HAROLD G. DANFORD, DAVID A. DANFORD, JOHN E. MIELKE, LOWELL F. PETERSON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Twelve patients with aortic insufficiency (AI) were investigated by echocardiographic methods using reflected ultrasound. No patients with associated mitral valvular disease were included. Estimates of each patient's aortic valvular total flow (Q At ) as computed from left ventricular cavity minor-axis dimension changes at end-diastole (D d ) and end-systole (D s ) were compared with their respective mitral valvular flows (Q M ) as estimated from the opening velocity of the anterior mitral leaflet. The arithmetic difference of the two valvular flows permitted calculation of the aortic regurgitant flow (Q Ar ) as Q At -Q M =Q Ar . In this series of patients Q At varied from 5.2 to 12.9 liters/min, Q M from 3.3 to 7.3 liters/min, Q Ar from 1.1 to 6.5 liters/min, ejection fraction (EF) from 0.37 to 0.60 and regurgitant fraction (Q Ar /Q At ) from 0.15 to 0.58. A statistically significant difference of Q At and Q M was not evident in a series of 20 patients without AI. Left ventricular performance in the patients with AI was estimated by echocardiographic methods by measuring the amplitude of systolic excursion of the left ventricular midwall (PWE), the mean velocity of posterior wall motion (mean PWV), and computation of the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V CF ) for the left ventricular myocardium. The data presented appear to provide a simple noninvasive method for serial observations of the hemodynamic consequences of AI and the eventual alteration of myocardial performance in such patients.
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE APPENDIX
Authors: H. Reid, H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1930)

OSIEITTS deforlIanis wHas descliibe(l for the first tiue I)v Pao,et in 1876, buft nothing is kinownl about its etiolog.It is seldlom seen before the ame of 40, and is equally commoniI in inacsa and females.TIhe m'aiin synptom is pain, whlicll is attribluted1 to rlhlouniatislml ini most cases.Tlue d,isca"_e is freq(ictly overl1ooke(I iuntit gross deformi t appe1)t's1.'oau x-ray pihotograph is takeni.Path ology.Tle llaiirmal 1b1o0 rarefies, anid is slowlN iiXva(le(I by fibrouts tissue, Ica(ling to softeilimI.andl(l b0ladillnr.Coilneidelit withi this (lCstrullctiolI somile r'egieiseratioii ali(l ossification, occIur.at a s13iv rate.In the lonlg bones thie iiorimal curves arie exaggerated at fir'st, and(I later abnormiial cuirvcs milake thleir
Syncope With Complete Heart Block
Authors: Gordon H. Ira, Walter L. Floyd, Edward S. Orgain
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Four patients with complete heart block and syncope were referred for implantation of an intracardiac pacemaker. Monitoring of syncopal episodes utilizing the radiotelemetry electrocardiographic tape system permitted the differentiation of four different mechanisms of syncope, two of which were completely unrelated to heart block. One patient was found to have right atrial myxoma and one patient exhibited hyperventilation attacks. Both patients were saved from ill-advised surgery when the monitor demonstrated no change in ventricular rate during syncope. A third patient presented three different types of attacks, all related to ventricular asystole, and the fourth had recurrent ventricular tachycardia-fibrillation. The mechanism of syncope should be documented by electrocardiogram before implantation of an intracardiac pacemaker.
TIPS versus paracentesis for the treatment of refractory ascites
Authors: Albert Lau, Curt Bay, Abdul Nadir
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

To the Editor: Salerno et al. compared the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) versus large-volume paracentesis for the treatment of refractory ascites in the September 2004 issue of HEPATOLOGY.1 In contrast to two other recent trials,2, 3 they reported a significant improvement in survival in patients who received TIPS compared with paracentesis. Eleven of 33 subjects were crossed over from paracentesis to TIPS because of failure of treatment. We believe that in a small intent-to-treat study, such a crossover can skew the data. As part of their sensitivity analysis, it would be helpful for the authors to confirm that mortality resulting from patients who crossed over from paracentesis to TIPS did not confound their results. Also, the time interval between initial randomization and crossover was not reported. Early crossover would limit the subjects' exposure to paracentesis, which would effectively make them TIPS patients. It is not clear whether the subjects truly had refractory ascites or whether the fluid overload was a result of dietary noncompliance. We would like to know if urine electrolytes were applied to confirm diet compliance before concluding failure of treatment. The frequency of hepatic encephalopathy was 61% in TIPS patients compared with 39% in paracentesis patients. This appears to be a large difference clinically, even though it is not statistically significant. Finally, although the mean follow-up time was longer in the TIPS group than in the paracentesis group, twice as many TIPS patients were censored, most during the initial 2 years. Before we seriously consider using a more invasive procedure such as TIPS in patients with ascites, clarification of these issues is important. Not only can TIPS be more expensive, it can potentially add the risks of technical complications, liver failure, and hepatic encephaolopathy.3 Albert Lau M.D.*, Curt Bay Ph.D.*, Abdul Nadir M.D.*, * Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ.
Transudates and exudates
Authors: S J Quantrill
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Host resistance to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculos</i>is infection requires the activities of multiple leukocyte subsets, yet the roles of the different innate effector cells during tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Here we uncover an unexpected association between eosinophils and <i>Mtb</i> infection. In humans, eosinophils are decreased in the blood but enriched in resected human tuberculosis lung lesions and autopsy granulomas. Influx of eosinophils is also evident in infected zebrafish, mice, and nonhuman primate granulomas, where they are functionally activated and degranulate. Importantly, employing complementary genetic models of eosinophil deficiency, we demonstrate that, in mice, eosinophils are required for optimal pulmonary bacterial control and host survival after <i>Mtb</i> infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an unexpected recruitment of eosinophils to the infected lung tissue and a protective role for these cells in the control of <i>Mtb</i> infection in mice.
Honeycomb Lung and Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: A. St. J. Dixon, J. Ball
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

The following case showed unusual features and is published in the hope that similar cases may be brought to our notice. Case ReportA medical practitioner, aged 34, first developed episodic swellings diagnosed as angioneurotic oedema in 1948.These cleared up, but in March, 1950, he developed a polyarthritis.Attacks of joint swelling were at first intermittent, but after 9 months his symptoms were severe and continuous and subcutaneous nodules appear- ed on the elbows.In 1951 he treated himself with 100 mg.cortisone acetate daily, with partial remission of his disease.For a few months in 1952 he took 600 mg.daily of phenylbutazone instead, but stopped this because of unfavourable reports.Swelling of the right leg and of the right inguinal lymph nodes developed late in 1952.One of these nodes was removed for histological examination, and Professor R. A. Willis reported that it showed a non-specific reactive hyperplasia.The patient resumed taking cortisone acetate (75 mg.daily) and improved.He first came under supervision at this hospital in November, 1953, when he already showed gross symmetrical swelling and inflammation of the small peripheral as well as of the major limb joints.Large subcutaneous nodules were present in both elbow regions.There was moon face and ankle oedema.Despite these changes he was able to carry on his work as an assistant in a busy general practice.In July, 1954, he developed diarrhoea which persisted for 8 months before clearing up spontaneously.No certain cause for this was found although Giardia lamblia was isolated on one occasion.In May, 1955, the patient developed a productive cough and first noticed dyspnoea on exertion.In August, 1955, his treatment was changed from 125 mg.cortisone to 25 mg.deltacortisone daily.There was an initial "lift" in symptoms, and a transient increase in strength of grip, but no lasting improvement in his arthritis.He began to put on weight.Increasing breathlessness on effort, at first attributed to his increasing weight, soon became his chief disability, and eventually he was unable to continue at work.He was admitted to hospital for further
Comparative Outcomes for Patients Who Do and Do Not Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Coronary Artery Disease in New York
Authors: Edward L. Hannan, Zaza Samadashvili, Kimberly Cozzens, Gary Walford, Alice K. Jacobs, David R. Holmes, Nicholas J. Stamato, Jeffrey P. Gold, Samin Sharma, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Tia Powell, Spencer B. King
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Little is known about what treatments patients receive after being diagnosed with stable coronary artery disease or what the comparative outcomes are for routine medical treatment (RMT) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with RMT for patients in a setting apart from randomized controlled trials.Patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac catheterization in New York State between 2003 and 2008 were followed up to determine the treatment they received. Patients receiving RMT and patients receiving PCI with RMT were propensity matched through the use of 20 factors that could have a bearing on outcomes. The resulting cohort of 933 matched pairs was used to compare mortality/myocardial infarction (MI), mortality, MI, and subsequent revascularization rates. A total of 89% of all patients underwent PCI with RMT. PCI/RMT patients had significantly lower adverse outcome rates at 4 years for mortality/MI (16.5% versus 21.2%; P=0.003), mortality (10.2% versus 14.5%; P=0.02), MI (8.0% versus 11.3%; P=0.007), and subsequent revascularization (24.1% versus 29.1%; P=0.005). Adjusted RMT versus (PCI with RMT) hazard ratios were 1.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.93) for mortality/MI and 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.97) for mortality. There were no differences for patients ≤ 65 years of age or for patients with single-vessel disease.Most patients with stable coronary artery disease in New York undergoing catheterization between 2003 and 2008 received PCI. Patients who received PCI experienced lower mortality, mortality/MI, and revascularization rates. The reasons for this finding need to be better understood, including the possible role of low medication adherence rates that have been found in other studies.
Boxing in the Army
Authors: Jack L. Finney
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  The article titled Boxing-Related Injuries in the US Army, 1980 Through 1985 1 contains important information about this cause of injury. From the information they obtained, the authors made a giant leap from being scientists to being experts in military preparedness and questioned the advisability of promoting boxing in the US Army. This was done in such a way that one can only conclude they believe it should be banned. In doing so they may have meant well but this action is misguided or naive.  In matters of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness and injuries, the opinions of physicians have special status. The authors seem to believe they also have special competence to judge whether boxing does more harm than good as a tool to develop soldiers. In other words, they address the broader question of the appropriateness of boxing as a military training tool.
INDUCTION OF LV DYSSYNCHRONY BY RIGHT VENTRICULAR APICAL PACING IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AND HEART FAILURE HOSPITALIZATIONS AT LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Ulas H&ouml;ke, Dominique Auger, Darryl Leong, Nina Marsan, E.R. Holman, Martin Schalij, Jeroen Bax, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Health Care Reform and Cost Control
Authors: Peter R Orszag, Ezekiel J Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

After nearly a century of failed attempts, comprehensive health care reform was enacted on March 23, 2010, when President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA). In attempting to modernize and improve a large part of the health care system, it may be one of the most ambitious and consequential pieces of legislation in U.S. history.Although the bill has now been signed into law, the debate over its design and intended effects has not abated. As concerns appropriately mount about the nation's medium- and long-term fiscal situation, critics of the ACA have resurrected doubts about its cost-containment measures . . .
Epi-illumination fluorescent light microscopy for the<i>in vivo</i>study of rat hepatic microvascular response to cryothermia
Authors: Gerhard Schüder, Brigitte Vollmar, Sven Richter, Georg Pistorius, Michael Fehringer, Gernot Feifel, Michael D. Menger
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To elucidate the hepatic microvascular response to cryothermia, we studied the liver microcirculation of Sprague–Dawley rats after one and two 4–minute freeze–thaw cycles using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Irrespective of the number of freeze–thaw cycles applied, the nature of hepatic microvascular injury was characterized by complete stasis of sinusoidal blood flow within the central part of the cryolesions and heterogeneous sinusoidal perfusion in a critically perfused border zone located at the periphery of the lesions. Analysis over time (2 hours) revealed a successive shutdown of sinusoidal perfusion within this critically perfused border zone, which was caused by intravascularly lodging cell aggregates, blocking the lumen of individual sinusoids. The aggregates consisted of parenchymal cells and cell fragments, but did not include leukocytes or platelets. Strikingly, microvascular perfusion failure was associated with Ito cell disintegration and marked dilation of sinusoids (15.6 ± 0.8 μm vs. 8.8 ± 0.8 μm; P &lt; .05). This excludes sinusoidal constriction as the cause of nutritive perfusion failure, and may indicate dysfunction of Ito cell-regulated vasomotor control by cryothermia. However, because circulating cell aggregates were frequently observed plugging individual microvessels, dilation of sinusoids may just be the result of passive distension caused by outflow blockade. Analysis of hepatic tissue at 8 weeks after cryothermia did not reveal regeneration and microvascular remodeling, but loss of hepatic tissue, which corresponded well with the tissue area presenting with sinusoidal perfusion failure during the initial observation period after cryothermia. The fact that there was no recovery of sinusoidal perfusion over the initial 2–hour observation period, but loss of tissue after 8 weeks, supports the view that cryothermia induces injury not only by direct low–temperature-mediated action, but also through ischemia caused by irreversible deterioration of the microcirculation.
Reassessing strategies for improving health
Authors: Niyi Awofeso
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are only available for a few non-microbial species<sup>1–4</sup>. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium<sup>5,6</sup> has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling the most accurate and complete reference genomes to date. Here we summarize these developments, introduce a set of quality standards, and present lessons learned from sequencing and assembling 16 species representing major vertebrate lineages (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes). We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of error in assemblies. Our new assemblies identify and correct substantial errors in some of the best historical reference genomes. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
Long-term effects following administration of massive doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone to pregnant diabetics.
Authors: G Lane, N Siddle, M Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1980)

have been shown so far.Given all this, why not vaccinate and try to vaccinate well ?The Health Council of Sweden has just recommended general vaccination with triple measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at the age of 18 months, as well as vaccination with triple vaccine of 12-year-old boys and girls.Belgium is expected to recommend shortly routine vaccination against measles and mumps at the age of 15 months, and vaccination of older children who have not had the vaccine or the disease.The Federal Republic of Germany (since 1976) and Canada have also joined the United States in recommending routine mumps vaccination of young children.
Anopheles Eradication in Cyprus
Authors: H. Shelley, M. Aziz
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The history of the malarial fevers in Cyprus has been long and tragic, and over the centuries these fevers have cost the island much in human life and have been the major cause of chronic ill-health and invalidism.It is on record that "fevers and bad air " were a source of much trouble in the year 1394, and in a letter written by Namik Kemal, who was a Turkish poet of national reputation, a few years before the British occupation of the island in 1878 it is stated that "the hum of noxious pests sounds like that of the most modern weapons, and the diseases, the mildest of which is fever, are capable of killing a person much quicker than bullets."In the early days of occupation the British Army suffered severely from malaria, and steps were taken to reduce the breeding places of mosquitoes by draining and filling of swamps and planting of trees, particularly in the vicinity of the main towns.These operations brought some improvement, but the villages remained open to the same menace as previously.In the year 1900 the District Medical Officer, Larnaca, Dr. G. A. Williamson, discovered malaria parasites in the blood of 470 out of 503 patients diagnosed clinically as cases of malaria; infestations were divided almost equally between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, plus an occasional P. malariae.The three main species of parasite were thus proved to be present in the island.During 1912 the High Commissioner, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams, informed the Secretary of State that he had recently ascertained the wide- spread prevalence of malarial fever in the inhabitants of the island, and that, though steps had been taken by Government to combat the menace, he considered that more could be done, and requested that an expert malariologist be sent to Cyprus to study the disease and advise concerning necessary preven-
Compliance is limited by opposing recommendations
Authors: T. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—With regard to the comments by Keeley on community acquired pneumonia, I thought that some of the general practitioners who read the BMJ might be interested in our experience.1

Tetracycline was used by our practice as a first line antibiotic for 8 years before last year. We were then visited by the medical advisers from the local health authority, who advised us that we were acting …
Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on Fetal and Maternal Generation of Thromboxane by Platelets in Women at Risk for Ppregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Ariela Benigni, Gina Gregorini, Tiziana Frusca, Chiara Chiabrando, Stefania Ballerini, Adriana Valcamonico, Silvia Orisio, Antonella Piccinelli, Vittorio Pinciroli, Roberto Fanelli, Attilio Gastaldi, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

There is evidence that aspirin in low doses favorably influences the course of pppregnancy-induced hypertension, but the mechanism, although assumed to involve suppression of the production of thromboxane by platelets, has not been established. We performed a randomized study of the effect of the long-term daily administration of 60 mg of aspirin (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) on platelet thromboxane A2 and vascular prostacyclin in women at risk for pppregnancy-induced hypertension. Low doses of aspirin were associated with a longer pregnancy and increased weight of newborns. Serum levels of thromboxane B2, a stable product of thromboxane A2, were almost completely (>90 percent) inhibited by low doses of aspirin. The urinary excretion of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 was significantly reduced without changes in the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, a product of prostacyclin. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that aspirin reduced the excretion of the 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 metabolite — mainly of platelet origin — by 81 percent and of thromboxane B2, probably chiefly of renal origin, by 59 percent. The urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and of its metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1α was not affected. Low doses of aspirin only partially (63 percent) reduced neonatal serum thromboxane B2. No hemorrhagic complications were observed in the newborns. Thus, in women at risk for pppregnancy-induced hypertension, low doses of aspirin selectively suppressed maternal platelet thromboxane B2 while sparing vascular prostacyclin, but only partially suppressed neonatal platelet thromboxane B2, allowing hemostatic competence in the fetus and newborn. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:357–62.)