tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"HYGEIA" AND "PHYSICAL CULTURE"
Authors: C. P. Oberndorf
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —Some months ago I undertook the treatment of a man, aged 26, suffering from many physical complaints and morbid fears dependent on excessive masturbation, from which he was laboriously but futilely attempting to cure himself with the aid of Bernarr Macfadden's widely advertised book, Manhood and Marriage. He brought me this strange mixture of fact and fallacy, of which any page chosen at random will show glaring contradictions, vague generalities in regard to essential facts with minute instructions in regard to unessential details, violent exaggerations and gross misstatements. Here and there a well known truth serves to deceive the reader as to the falsity of adjacent assertions.  Recently, when the November number of Hygeia arrived, it was placed on my waiting-room table, where this patient discovered the article, Exploiting the Health Interest, and called my attention to it. On the next visit he remarked to me that
Abstract 3552: JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway modulates human megakaryocytic differentiation
Authors: Liao Hui-Fen, Hsuan-Yu Peng, Yu-Jen Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Megakaryocytes (MKs) are differentiated from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells toward a lineage capable of terminal differentiation to mature platelets. Various hematopoietic growth factors such as thrombopoietin, the ligand of c-mpl-encoded protein, have been identified as important regulators of MK development. Induction of MK differentiation may benefit disorders related to platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia. However, both effective inducer and clear mechanism of MK differentiation remain lacking. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of MK differentiation, distinct inducers staurosporine (STS) and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were used to assess the expression of Janus kinase (JAK) and Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling molecules in both human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 and erythroleukemia HEL cells. Our results demonstrated that STS and TPA effectively induced cell differentiation toward MK lineage in terms of development of polyploidy population, expression of MK-specific markers CD41 and CD61, and secretion of platelet factor 4. Intriguingly, enhancement in phosphorylation of Stat3 (p-Stat3), nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity was evident in both STS- and TPA-treated cells. Blockade of Stat3 by Stat3 inhibitor VI and its upstream molecule JAK by JAK inhibitor I obviously declined MK differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of Stat3 by RNA interference attenuated the expression of p-Stat3 and MK differentiation, indicating a crucial role of Stat3 in MK differentiation. In conclusion, JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway may involve MK differentiation and might be a target for development of therapeutic modulators for platelet disorders. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3552. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3552
THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL METABOLISM UPON NEPHROTIC EDEMA 1
Authors: William S. Hoffman, Wilber E. Post
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

The importance of low serum protein concentration in the pathogenesis of the type of edema seen in chronic nephritis, nephrosis, and " nutritional edema " is now so fully recognized that any effort to reproduce the evi- dence in its favor is superfluous.An extensive bibliography may be found in the recent papers by Leiter (1) and Loeb et al. ( 2) which enumerate the many contributions made to corroborate the concept first postulated by Starling (3) in 1896 and applied to nephrosis by Epstein (4) in 1917.These investigators maintain that the amount of fluid in the extracellular spaces in contact with blood capillaries is dependent upon the balance be- tween the hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries and the osmotic pres- sure exerted by the serum proteins (the so-called oncotic pressure), and that in nephrosis the lowered concentration of serum protein so disturbs the balance between filtration and resorption of fluid that there is an accumulation of fluid in the extracellular spaces, which accumulation, when clinically evident, constitutes edema.Moore and Van Slyke (5) and Peters et al. (6) have found that the tendency to edema begins when the total serum protein concentration falls below 5.0 grams per cent or when the albumin concentration falls below 2.5 grams per cent.In spite of all recent corroboration of this theory, and in spite of the evidence against Widal's (7) alternative theory of the inability of the kid- ney to excrete chlorides in cases of nephrotic edema, there are many ob- servations which indicate that numerous other factors are concerned with both the presence and the extent of the edema.Many of these factors are discussed in the recent paper by Loeb et al. (2).These authors reaffirm the theory of Starling and Epstein, and further add that the extent of the edema is dependent upon the quantity of NaCl and water required to be filtered through the tissue spaces in order to maintain the normal osmotic relationship of the body fluids.They are, however, unable to offer any explanation for the frequent diuretic effect of KC1, NH4Cl or CaCl2, or of the lack of diuretic effect of these ions in other cases.
Professional Directories — But Not Commercial Advertising — As a Public Service
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A year ago the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) instituted legal action against the American Medical Association (AMA) and two local medical societies, charging them with illegal restraint of trade through the promulgation of ethical codes that restrict advertising by doctors. The FTC claims that these ethical restrictions inhibit competition, thereby fixing medical prices, and that they deny the public information needed in the selection of physicians.The AMA contends that it is not subject to FTC jurisdiction and that issuance of a code of ethics is protected by the First Amendment. Beyond such legalisms, however, the AMA points out that . . .
The Blood-Clotting Factors
Authors: Lamont W. Gaston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE last Medical Progress review of the blood-clotting factors appeared in 1955.1 Fibrinolysis and anticoagulant therapy have been the subject of more recent reviews2 , 3 and will not be covered in this report. For lack of space, reference will be made to only a few of the articles and monographs appearing since 1955.NomenclatureAn international committee was formed in 1954 for the purpose of standardizing the nomenclature of the blood-clotting factors. This committee devised a method for doubly labeling a given clotting factor with a Roman numeral and a descriptive term. This committee has met from time to time to . . .
THE PERSISTENT NUCHAL OR OCCIPITAL SALMON PATCH
Authors: Julian Verbov, Ronald Steinberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article THE PERSISTENT NUCHAL OR OCCIPITAL SALMON PATCH Get access Julian Verbov, Julian Verbov Newsham General Hospital, Belmont Road, Liverpool L6 4AF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ronald Steinberg Ronald Steinberg Newsham General Hospital, Belmont Road, Liverpool L6 4AF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 5, 1 May 1974, Pages 586–587, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06463.x Published: 01 May 1974
The collection of pancreatic fluid for cytodiagnosis using a duodenoscope.
Authors: A R Hatfield, R Whittaker, D D Gibbs
Journal: Gut (1974)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Our aim was to compare 3D TOF-MRA sequences at 3T and 1.5T in the follow-up of coiled aneurysms. The follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms is mandatory to depict potential recanalization. 3D-TOF MRA is an appropriate tool for this purpose. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> DSA and 3D TOF-MRA at 1.5T and 3T were performed in a prospective series of 126 aneurysms in 96 patients (58 women, 38 men; age, 25–75 years; mean, 51.3 ± 11.3 years). DSA was the reference standard to which the accuracy of 3D TOF-MRA was compared. The quality of aneurysm occlusion was assessed independently and anonymously by a core lab by using a 3-grade scale (total occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant). Adequate occlusion was defined as total occlusion or neck remnant and used in a 2-grade scale: adequate occlusion/aneurysm remnant. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> With DSA, total occlusion was depicted in 58 aneurysms (46.0%); neck remnant, in 33 aneurysms (26.2%); and aneurysm remnant, in 35 aneurysms (27.8%). Adequate occlusion was seen in 91 cases (72.2%). A remnant (aneurysm or neck) was depicted in 68 cases (54.0%). For the 3 imaging techniques and regardless of scale used, the interobserver agreement was always greater at 3T than at 1.5T. SE and NPV for the prediction of aneurysm remnant versus adequate occlusion were higher at 3T than at 1.5T (SE 3T, 0.74; SE 1.5T, 0.54; NPV 3T, 0.90; NPV 1.5T, 0.85). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> In this large prospective series of patients, 3D TOF-MRA was superior at 3T to 1.5T for the evaluation of coiled intracranial aneurysms.
ASMase regulates autophagy and lysosomal membrane permeabilization and its inhibition prevents early stage non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Raquel Fucho, Laura Martínez, Anna Baulies, Sandra Torres, Nuria Tarrats, Anna Fernandez, Vicente Ribas, Alma M. Astudillo, Jesús Balsinde, Pablo Garcia-Rovés, Montserrat Elena, Ina Bergheim, Sophie Lotersztajn, Christian Trautwein, Hanna Appelqvist, Adrienne W. Paton, James C. Paton, Mark J. Czaja, Neil Kaplowitz, Jose C. Fernandez-Checa, Carmen García-Ruiz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Principles and Practice of Obstetrics and Perinatology
Authors: Mary F. Block
Journal: JAMA (1982)

These two volumes are a unique effort to integrate the clinical aspects and art of obstetrics with the basic science and research foundations of the field, which, for the most part, admirably succeeds. While volume 1 is entitled Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction and volume 2, Clinical Aspects of Perinatal Medicine, clinical information is intimately interwoven with basic concepts throughout, making for easy reading.  A refreshing approach to clinical obstetrics is evidenced by the fact that chapters on fetal monitoring and fetal distress are not devoted exclusively to interpretation of squiggly lines on an electronic monitor, but emphasize equally other measures of fetal well-being that are time tested but often forgotten or ignored in the frenzy of responding to electrical distress signals. Limitations of electronic monitoring are pointed out, and common errors in obstetric management based on unsubstantiated assumptions are reviewed. Overall, it makes for a unique approach to the
Greater inhibition of in vitro bone mineralization with metabolic than respiratory acidosis
Authors: Stuart M. Sprague, Nancy S. Krieger, David A. Bushinsky
Journal: Kidney International (1994)

Greater inhibition of in vitro bone mineralization with metabolic than respiratory acidosis.At a similar decrement in pH, acidosis produced by lowering the concentration of medium bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis) induces greater net calcium efflux from cultured neonatal mouse calvariae than acidosis produced by increasing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (respiratory acidosis).This differential effect is due, at least in part, to enhanced cell-mediated bone mineral resorption during metabolic acidosis.To determine the effect of acidosis on osteoblastic bone formation we utilized primary cultures of neonatal mouse calvarial cells which produce calcified nodules in culture.Cells were plated at 4.5 X iO cells/35 mm dish and incubated until confluent (day 9).Nodule formation was then induced by addition of /3-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid and the cultures were randomly divided and then cultured in control (Ctl, N = 18) medium or in medium simulating metabolic (Met, N = 17) or respiratory (Resp, N = 19) acidosis.Medium was changed and calcium (Ca) measured every 48 hours until day 23.The mean initial medium pH of all Resp cultures (7.186 0.002) was lower than Met (7.243 0.006, P < 0.01), which was lower than Ctl (7.502 0.002, p <0.01), yet the number of discrete nodules formed in Met (22 4 nodules/cm2) was lower than Resp (43 7, P < 0.01), and both were lower than Ctl (88 6, P < 0.01 vs. both Met and Resp).Cumulative net Ca influx into the Met cultures (4.6 0.2 mol/dish) was lower than Resp (6.7 0.3, P < 0.01) and both were again lower than Ctl (9.5 0.1, P < 0.01 vs. both Resp and Met).There was no nodule formation or Ca influx in parallel BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts incubated in Ctl medium.Thus, in addition to a greater stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption, acidosis decreases osteoblastic bone nodule formation and calcification with metabolic acidosis inducing greater inhibition compared with respiratory acidosis.In both man and experimental animals a reduction of the systemic pH produced by a decrease in the concentration of serum bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis) increases urine calcium excretion [1, 2] without appreciably altering intestinal calcium absorption [3,4] leading to net negative calcium balance [5][6][7].As the vast majority of body calcium is contained within the mineral phases of bone, the source of the increased urine calcium is likely to be bone [8].In vivo studies indicate that metabolic acidosis appears to induce depletion of bone calcium [5][6][7].However, when systemic pH is reduced by an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (respiratoly acidosis) some [9], but not all 10-12], studies have shown an increase in urine calcium excretion.Any possible increase appears far less than that observed
French, US viral isolates compared in search for cause of AIDS
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

It still is to be determined if French and American investigators have isolated the same virus—or if there are substantial differences in their isolates—in the search for the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).  However, there is mounting belief that the retrovirus recently identified by National Cancer Institute (NCI) investigators (Bethesda, Md) and the lymphadenopathy virus (LAV) reported last year by a group at the Institut Pasteur, Paris ( JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1983;250:1010-1015), are the same.  The final word awaits physical analysis of the two agents. But, from the pattern of antibody reactions, I would be surprised if there is very much difference, said M. G. Sarngadharan, PhD, of Litton Bionetics, Kensington, Md, a member of the NCI group.  Sarngadharan spoke recently at a symposium on infectious agents in blood held by the American Red Cross in Washington, DC. At the same meeting, James Curran, MD, director of the Centers
The Neurogenomics View of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Shoji Tsuji
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

The availability of high-throughput genome sequencing technologies is expected to revolutionize our understanding of not only hereditary neurological diseases but also sporadic neurological diseases. The molecular bases of sporadic diseases, particularly those of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases, largely remain unknown. As potential molecular bases, various mechanisms can be considered, which include those underlying apparently sporadic neurological diseases with low-penetrant mutations in the gene for hereditary diseases, sporadic diseases with de novo mutations, and sporadic diseases with variations in disease-susceptible genes. With unprecedentedly robust power, high-throughput genome sequencing technologies will enable us to explore all of these possibilities. These new technologies will soon be applied in clinical practice. It will be a new era of datacentric clinical practice.
Mortality and Cancer Frequency Among Military Nuclear Test (Smoky) Participants-Reply
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  We agree that leukemia appears with a latent period between two and 20 years and that the latent period for solid cancers probably exceeds 15 years from the time of radiation exposure. Although we reported a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of leukemia in the Smoky participants, the latent period exceeds 15 years for 63.6% of the cases, as shown in the Table. Our article gives various reasons (including the peculiar latency picture) why the null hypothesis cannot be convincingly rejected.  With regard to the solid cancers, no statistically significant increase was found in the total or in the numbers for any single five-year period, but only one full five-year period and a two-year period have occurred since the minimum latent period of 15 years. Even the tentative and probably incomplete data for 1978 to 1982 (31 cases observed and 59 expected) do not support a dramatic
Heme oxygenase-1 upregulation protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury: A laboratory based study
Authors: Nir Wasserberg, Antonello Pileggi, Shashikumar K. Salgar, Phillip Ruiz, Camillo Ricordi, Luca Inverardi, Andreas G. Tzakis
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2006)
A new bile acid transporter?
Authors: Winita Hardikar, Frederick J. Suchy
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Transport systems involved in uptake and biliary secretion of bile salts have been extensively studied in rat liver; however, little is known about these systems in the human liver. In this study, we investigated taurocholate (TC) transport in canalicular and basolateral plasma membrane vesicles isolated from 15 human livers (donor age 6–64 yr). ATP stimulated the uptake of TC into both canalicular and basolateral human liver plasma membrane vesicles (cLPM and bILPM, respectively). Considerable interindividual variations in the transport velocity were observed in the different membrane preparations used: 9.0 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM, n = 17; range 1.6–18.0) and 9.3 ± 2.0 (range 1.1–29.8) pmol TC · protein−1 · min−1 at 1.0 μM TC for cLPM and bILPM, respectively. TC transport was temperature sensitive and showed saturation kinetics with a high affinity for TC (Km 4.2 ± 0.7 μM and 3.7 ± 0.5 μM for cLPM and bILPM, respectively). Transport was dependent on the ATP concentration and saturable (Km 0.25 ± 0.03 mM, n = 3). Neither nitrate, which reduces membrane potential, nor the protonophore FCCP strongly inhibited ATP-dependent TC transport, indicating that membrane potential and proton gradient are not involved in this process. TC transport was significantly inhibited by the classical anion transport inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (250 μM) and the glutathione conjugate S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (100 μM). In conclusion, high affinity ATP-dependent TC transport is present in human liver at both the canalicular and the basolateral sides of the hepatocyte.
Relief of duodenal ulcer sysmptons by oral metiamide.
Authors: R E Pounder, J G Williams, G J Milton-Thompson, J J Misiewicz
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Thirty patients with symptoms of duodenal ulceration were treated for five to eight weeks in a double-blind trial with either metiamide 1 g daily by mouth or a placebo. In the 15 patients receiving metiamide there were significant reductions in nocturnal pain and antacid consumption. Daytime pain was diminished. The results suggest that histamine H2-receptor antagonists are likely to be useful in the medical management of the symptoms of duodenal ulceration.
Will lifestyle changes in later life improve survival?
Authors: F. M. Engelaer, D. v. Bodegom, R. G. J. Westendorp
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rizzo and colleagues’ study on the determinants of survival in old age suggests that we should actively approach elderly people and convince them to stop smoking and drinking alcohol, keep on weight, and intermingle with others.1 It shows that lifestyle factors are …
The Glandular Kallikrein Family of Enzymes: Tissue Specific Expression and Hormonal Regulation
Authors: JUDITH A. CLEMENTS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

THE glandular or tissue kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases, for the most part arginylesteropeptidases, which are involved in the posttranslational processing of polypeptide precursors to their biologically active forms. In the past decade, various aspects of the biochemistry, physiology (primarily renal), and more recently, molecular biology of the kallikrein(s) have been well reviewed by several authors (1–10). However, this is a rapidly expanding area of interest, and increasingly much more information has become available particularly with regard to the identification of potential, new family members. In this light, this review will be thus primarily concerned with the hormonal regulation and potential function of both known and potentially novel kallikrein (gene) family members in those tissues for which expression and/or localization have been described. However, I will also briefly describe some historical, biochemical, and enzymatic aspects of kallikrein physiology and those aspects of the molecular biology of the kallikrein gene family that are pertinent to this review.
Prevalence of HIV-1 in Blood Donations Following Implementation of a Structured Blood Safety Policy in South Africa
Authors: Anthon du P. Heyns
Journal: JAMA (2006)

The South African National Blood Service collects more than 700,000 units of blood annually from a population in which 11.4% is infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). The prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations increased to 0.26% (1:385) in 1998, indicating that a significant number of window-period infective units were entering the blood supply (risk 3.4/100,000).To determine whether the implementation of a new donor selection policy and educational program introduced in 1999 was associated with reductions in the incidence and prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations and the reduced transmission risk.We compared the prevalence of HIV-1 in 880,534 blood donations collected from 1999 through 2000 with the 791,639 blood donations collected from 2001 through 2002. We estimated the incidence of HIV-1 in 93,378 (1999-2000) and 67,231 (2001-2002) first-time donations and the residual risk for all donations in 2001-2002 using the less-sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay and incidence-window period model.All blood donors in the Inland region of the South African National Blood Service were analyzed.Donor clinics in high HIV prevalence areas were closed. Programs targeting repeat donors and youth were initiated and HIV risk behavior education programs were developed. Structured donor interviews and an enhanced donor self-exclusion questionnaire were institutionalized.The prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations declined from 0.17% in 1999-2000 to 0.08% in 2001-2002 after the implementation of the new donor selection and education policy. The number of high-risk donations collected decreased from 2.6% to 1.7% (P<.001), and the likelihood of these donations being infected decreased from 4.8% to 3.25%. The likelihood of first-time donors being recently infected with HIV-1 decreased from 18% to 14% (P = .07) and respective incidence of high-risk donations collected decreased from 2.6% to 1.7%. Donations from the majority black population declined from 6.6% to 4.2% (P<.001). Analysis of HIV-1 incidence in 2001-2002 suggests a residual risk of collecting a window period infectious unit of 2.6/100,000.The implementation of enhanced education and selection policies in South Africa was associated with decreased prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations.
Demonstration of Epicranial Varix with Technetium-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: GONZALO RIOS, DIONISIO GARCIA, ENRIQUE PRATS, MARIA D. ABOS, JAVIER BANZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Static Tc-99m labeled red blood cell imaging identified an epicranial varix. CT scanning and carotid angiography were normal.