tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE OF HERPES SIMPLEX, WITH A CONSIDERATION OF ITS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN VARIOUS INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

There are many features of resemblance between simple herpes and herpes zoster, but there are also strong points of dissimilarity. In extreme cases of herpes, particularly about the face, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the zoster and simple forms. The clusters of firm vesicles on an erythematous base are identical in both. Histologically, the lesions in the skin and those in the affected nerve structures are practically the same in the two varieties. Thus far simple herpes might almost be regarded as a circumscribed abortive zoster; but there are other differentiating clinical features. The most important is the tendency to recurrence in simple herpes, contrasted with such a rarity of second attacks in herpes zoster as almost to suggest an immunity conferred. Indeed, second attacks of true zoster are no more common than second attacks of measles or scarlet fever. Head and Campbell met with only four cases
Perforin/granzyme-dependent and independent mechanisms are both important for the development of graft-versus-host disease after murine bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: T A Graubert, J F DiPersio, J H Russell, T J Ley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is the major limiting toxicity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. T cells are important mediators of GvHD, but the molecular mechanisms that they use to induce GvHD are controversial. Three effector pathways have been described for cytotoxic T lymphocytes: one requires perforin and granzymes, the second Fas (APO-1; CD95) and its ligand. Thirdly, secreted molecules (e.g., TNF-alpha, gamma-IFN) can also mediate cytotoxicity. Together, these mechanisms appear to account for virtually all cytotoxicity induced by activated CTL in standard in vitro lytic assays. Using transplants across histocompatibility barriers, we were able to analyze the contributions of these effector molecules to cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo in a GvHD model. We found that Fas ligand is an important independent mediator of class II-restricted acute murine GvHD, while perforin/granzyme-dependent mechanisms have only a minor role in that compartment. In contrast, perforin/ granzyme-dependent mechanisms are required for class I-restricted acute murine GvHD, while Fas ligand is not. The perforin/granzyme pathway may therefore represent a novel target for anti-GvHD drug design. In support of this approach, we provide additional data suggesting that specific perforin/granzyme inhibitors should not adversely affect hematopoietic recovery after transplantation.
Abuse of Epinephrine as a Stimulant
Authors: F. Lapostolle, J.M. Agostinucci, S.W. Borron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters15 January 2002Abuse of Epinephrine as a StimulantF. Lapostolle, MD, J.M. Agostinucci, MD, and S.W. Borron, MDF. Lapostolle, MDHôpital Avicenne; 93009 Bobigny, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, J.M. Agostinucci, MDHôpital Avicenne; 93009 Bobigny, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and S.W. Borron, MDHôpital Avicenne; 93009 Bobigny, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:New forms of drug abuse are regularly reported, but the use of catecholamines appears to be unusual (1). We report an attempt to obtain stimulant effects through intravenous epinephrine injection.A 33-year-old man was discovered by a nurse in the bathroom of a small hospital. He was lying on the floor with an empty syringe nearby. He was conscious, with tremors and a Glasgow coma score of 14. His heart rate was 150 beats/min on the electrocardiographic monitor, but no pulse was detected. Twenty minutes later, on physician arrival, the patient was conscious, with an arterial blood ...References1. Burkhart KK. Intravenous propranolol reverses hypertension after sympathomimetic overdose: two case reports. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1992;30:109-14. [PMID: 1542139] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Karch SB. Coronary artery spasm induced by intravenous epinephrine overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:485-8. [PMID: 2757714] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Merigian KS, Park LJ, Leeper KV, Browning RG, Giometi R. Adrenergic crisis from crack cocaine ingestion: report of five cases. J Emerg Med. 1994;12:485-90. [PMID: 7963395] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. Lapostolle, MD; J.M. Agostinucci, MD; S.W. Borron, MDAffiliations: Hôpital Avicenne; 93009 Bobigny, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEcstasy : la deuxième vague…Photoactivation by visible light of CdTe quantum dots for inline generation of reactive oxygen species in an automated multipumping flow system 15 January 2002Volume 136, Issue 2Page: 174-175KeywordsCatecholaminesElectrocardiographyEpinephrineHeart rateIntravenous injectionsNursesPremature ventricular contractionRespiratory rateTachycardiaVentricular tachycardia ePublished: 15 January 2002 Issue Published: 15 January 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3961: Computational modeling of pancreatic cancer reveals growth and dissemination kinetics and suggests optimum treatment strategies
Authors: Hiroshi Haeno, Mithat Gonen, Meghan B. Davis, Joseph M. Herman, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Franziska Michor
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, largely due to metastatic dissemination. We investigated pancreatic cancer progression by utilizing a mathematical framework of metastasis formation together with comprehensive data of 228 patients, 101 of whom had autopsies. We found that pancreatic cancer growth is initially exponential. After estimating the rates of pancreatic cancer growth and dissemination, we determined that patients likely harbor metastases at diagnosis and predicted the number and size distribution of metastases as well as patient survival. These findings were validated in an independent database. Finally, we analyzed the effects of different treatment modalities, finding that therapies which efficiently reduce the growth rate of cells earlier in the course of treatment appear to be superior to upfront tumor resection. These predictions can be validated in the clinic. Our interdisciplinary approach provides insights into the dynamics of pancreatic cancer metastasis and identifies optimum therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3961. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3961
Bacterial Uracil Modulates Drosophila DUOX-Dependent Gut Immunity via Hedgehog-Induced Signaling Endosomes
Authors: Kyung-Ah Lee, Boram Kim, Jinhyuk Bhin, Do Hun Kim, Hyejin You, Eun-Kyoung Kim, Sung-Hee Kim, Ji-Hwan Ryu, Daehee Hwang, Won-Jae Lee
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Impact of diet on lead in blood and urine in female adults and relevance to mobilization of lead from bone stores.
Authors: B L Gulson, K R Mahaffey, C W Jameson, N Patison, A J Law, K J Mizon, M J Korsch, D Pederson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We measured high precision lead isotope ratios and lead concentrations in blood, urine, and environmental samples to assess the significance of diet as a contributing factor to blood and urine lead levels in a cohort of 23 migrant women and 5 Australian-born women. We evaluated possible correlations between levels of dietary lead intake and changes observed in blood and urine lead levels and isotopic composition during pregnancy and postpartum. Mean blood lead concentrations for both groups were approximately 3 microg/dl. The concentration of lead in the diet was 5.8 +/- 3 microg Pb/kg [geometric mean (GM) 5.2] and mean daily dietary intake was 8.5 microg/kg/day (GM 7.4), with a range of 2-39 microg/kg/day. Analysis of 6-day duplicate dietary samples for individual subjects commonly showed major spikes in lead concentration and isotopic composition that were not reflected by associated changes in either blood lead concentration or isotopic composition. Changes in blood lead levels and isotopic composition observed during and after pregnancy could not be solely explained by dietary lead. These data are consistent with earlier conclusions that, in cases where levels of environmental lead exposure and dietary lead intake are low, skeletal contribution is the dominant contributor to blood lead, especially during pregnancy and postpartum.
1110. Engineering Cell Lines for the Production of Highly Replication Defective HSV-1 Vectors
Authors: Kyle G. Grant, David M. Krisky, Mohammed M. Ataai, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In order to mass produce clinical grade highly replication defective HSV-1 vectors, efficient cell lines must be generated to complement missing viral functions while avoiding recombinant virus generation. The goal of this work is to increase the yield of replication defective virus per cell by engineering a cell line that would provide efficient timing and adequate expression levels of the immediate early gene ICP4. Conventional replication defective HSV-1 vectors have deletions in immediate early genes ICP4 and ICP27 and are propagated on complementing cell lines that stably express these genes in trans. Here a joint deleted ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27 mutant virus (JDTOZEH1) was used to examine the robustness of engineered cell lines during a low MOI (0.01) production. The ICP0 promoter was chosen to drive ICP4 complementation due to a higher concentration of viral activation elements (TAATGARAT sequences). This strategy lead to higher induction levels and faster kinetics of ICP4 expression which resulted in 10 fold increases in viral yield per cell. Quantitative PCR for ICP4 transcription revealed a 10-fold increase and faster kinetics of ICP4 RNA transcription suggesting this promoter is sufficient for ICP4 complementation. These results were verified by Western blotting for ICP4 showing both earlier and higher levels of expression. Additionally, stocks produced from this cell line contained no replication competent viruses since the fragments used to transfect the complementing cell lines have limited homology with the deletions of the viral genome. These cell lines will serve as building blocks for large scale production of consequently less toxic versions of therapeutic HSV-1 viral vectors.
The Conducting Tissues in Congenitally Corrected Transposition
Authors: ROBERT H. ANDERSON, ANTON E. BECKER, ROBERT ARNOLD, JAMES L. WILKINSON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The histopathological findings are reported in 11 cases of congenitally corrected transposition. For the purposes of this investigation, only hearts with a well-formed septum separating two ventricular sinuses were classed as corrected transposition. We did not, therefore, study any examples of single ventricle with inverted outlet chamber. Five of the cases formed the basis of a preliminary report, in which the distribution of conducting tissues in the anomaly was shown to differ from that reported in previous investigations. The six new cases confirmed this distribution. Thus, in all cases, the connecting atrioventricular node was anteriorly situated in the right atrium at the lateral junction of pulmonary and mitral valves. An anteriorly situated bundle descended into the morphologically left ventricle (right-sided) and encircled the anterolateral quadrant of the pulmonary outflow tract before descending on the anterior septum and bifurcating. The bundle branches were inverted. This distribution was observed in specimens with intact septa (three cases) and in specimens with ventricular septal defects (eight cases). In the latter cases the conducting tissues were related to the anterior quadrants of the defects. One case was of particular interest since the posterior node in the position of the normal atrioventricular node also made contact with the ventricles via a posterior bundle. In all other specimens this node was hypoplastic and did not have ventricular connections. It is considered that this finding provides a link with previous descriptions of posterior conducting tissue in congenitally corrected transposition. The findings are discussed with relation to the development of complete heart block in this anomaly.
A psychiatrist's experiences in general in a hospital emergency room
Authors: S. A. Nigro
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A psychiatrist returning to part-time general practice in a suburban general hospital emergency room managed 469 patients in five months. Patients were assigned one of nine categories as indicators of the degree of psychological attention needed. More than half of the sample had "pure" medical-surgical problems. More than one fourth had problems primarily of psychological origin. Less than 12% were physically sick enough for admission; psychiatric help was recommended for 8%. All patients, directly or indirectly via relatives, required attention in a psychologically sound manner. The frequency of psychological problems indicates that medical facilities are in a psychosocial epidemic. The psychiatrist felt his perception of and way of dealing with patients was markedly affected by his specialty training in comparison to his prepsychiatry practice.
RELATIONSHIP OF FETUIN-A TO LIPID ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)
Authors: Luis H. Eraso, Naeema Ginwala, Atif N. Qasim, Nehal N. Mehta, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prognostic value of predischarge dobutamine stress echocardiography in chest pain patients with a negative cardiac troponin T
Authors: Radha Bholasingh, Jan Hein Cornel, Otto Kamp, Jan P van Straalen, Gerard T Sanders, Jan G.P Tijssen, Victor A.W.M Umans, Cees A Visser, Robbert J de Winter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: Charles E. Bender
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The incidence of positive heterophil tests in infectious mononucleosis is a much disputed point. The present day consensus in regard to this question can be epitomized. as follows: A minor but substantial percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis have diagnostic blood smears but negative heterophil reactions; therefore, a positive heterophil reaction is a desirable adjunct but not essential to the diagnosis. It is often difficult to ascertain just how serious an attempt has been made to diagnose these cases serologically. If these seronegative cases are classified on the basis of a single negative reaction obtained during the first seven days of the illness, the results are understandable. In my experience all patients with infectious mononucleosis characterized by a positive blood smear have shown a diagnostic titer of heterophil antibodies, provided the blood was tested serially through the second week of the disease. <h3>MATERIAL</h3> This study is based on observations on
Diverting colostomy induces mucosal and muscular atrophy in rat distal colon.
Authors: P Kissmeyer-Nielsen, H Christensen, S Laurberg
Journal: Gut (1994)

The progress of adaptive changes in the left colon after diverting colostomy was studied in rats using stereological techniques. Standardised segments of left colon proximal and distal to the colostomy was examined after 0, 1, 2, 4, or 12 weeks. In excluded colon the mucosal weight was reduced by 37% (p < 0.01) and the luminal surface area by 47% (p < 0.01) after four weeks and reached a steady state at this point of time, as no further reduction was seen from 4 to 12 weeks. The number of proliferating crypt cells was determined immunohistochemically after in vivo labelling with bromodeoxyuridine and was compared with the total number of colonocytes. Total bowel rest leads to a reduction in the number of proliferating epithelial cells and not to a reduced average life span. The weight of the muscularis propria decreased by 32% after four weeks (p < 0.01) and by 48% after 12 weeks (p < 0.001), whereas the weight of the submucosa was unchanged. No adaptive changes were found in segments proximal to the colostomy. These results show that the wall composition of defunctioned colon in rats is radically changed resulting from a mucosal and muscular atrophy, and from a reduction in luminal surface area.
Polymorphisms Associated with Asthma Are Inversely Related to Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: John Blakely
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

A reduced risk of primary malignant adult brain tumors is observed among people reporting asthma, hay fever, and other allergic conditions; however, findings may be attributed to prediagnostic effects of tumors or recall bias. To determine whether asthma and allergic condition polymorphisms are inversely related to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) risk, we conducted a population-based case-control study of 111 GBM patients and 422 controls. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms on three genes previously associated with asthma [interleukin (IL)-4RA, IL-13, ADAM33] and one gene associated with inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2). Confirming previous literature, we found that self-reported asthma, eczema, and fever are inversely related to GBM [e.g., asthma odds ratio (OR), 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-1.25]. In addition, IL-4RA Ser478Pro TC, CC, and IL-4RA Gln551Arg AG, AA are positively associated with GBM (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.05-2.55; 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05-2.47), whereas IL-13 -1,112 CT, TT is negatively associated with GBM (0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.96). Each of these polymorphism-GBM associations is in the opposite direction of a corresponding polymorphism-asthma association, consistent with previous findings that self-reported asthmatics and people with allergic conditions are less likely to have GBM than are people who do not report these conditions. Because we used germ line polymorphisms as biomarkers of susceptibility to asthma and allergic conditions, our results cannot be attributed to recall bias or effects of GBM on the immune system. However, our findings are also consistent with associations between IL-4RA, IL-13, and GBM that are independent of their role in allergic conditions.
FVIIa:TF Induces Cell Survival via G <sub>12</sub> /G <sub>13</sub> -Dependent Jak/STAT Activation and Bcl <sub>XL</sub> Production
Authors: Henri H. Versteeg, C. Arnold Spek, Sjoukje H. Slofstra, Sander H. Diks, Dick J. Richel, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Tissue factor (TF), apart from activating the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation, is a principal regulator of embryonic and oncogenic angiogenesis, inflammation, leukocyte reverse transmigration, and tumor progression. It has become clear that these events are mediated by intracellular signal transduction elicited by TF/factor VIIa (FVIIa) interaction, but the details of this signaling remain largely obscure. In this study, we show that FVIIa/TF-interaction produces STAT5 phosphorylation, STAT5 nuclear translocation and transactivation of a STAT5 reporter construct. FVIIa-dependent STAT5 activation was dependent on FVIIa proteolytic activity but not on generation of the downstream coagulation factors Xa and thrombin, nor on the TF cytoplasmic domain. FVIIa-induced STAT5 phosphorylation was dependent on functional G12/G13 class G proteins and Jak2 activity, but not Jak1 or Tyk2. Finally, we show that FVIIa leads to cell survival through a Jak2/STAT5-dependent production of the antiapoptotic STAT5 target Bcl(XL) as well as Jak2-dependent activation of the antiapoptotic protein PKB. In conclusion, our results show that FVIIa induces cell survival through STAT5-dependent Bcl(XL) production and Jak2-dependent activation of PKB. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that TF/FVIIa-signal transduction is dependent on G12/G13 class G proteins.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>virulence factors: Insights into an anaerobic spore-forming pathogen
Authors: Milena M Awad, Priscilla A Johanesen, Glen P Carter, Edward Rose, Dena Lyras
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The worldwide emergence of epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile linked to increased disease severity and mortality has resulted in greater research efforts toward determining the virulence factors and pathogenesis mechanisms used by this organism to cause disease. C. difficile is an opportunist pathogen that employs many factors to infect and damage the host, often with devastating consequences. This review will focus on the role of the 2 major virulence factors, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), as well as the role of other putative virulence factors, such as binary toxin, in C. difficile-mediated infection. Consideration is given to the importance of spores in both the initiation of disease and disease recurrence and also to the role that surface proteins play in host interactions.
The quest for an evidence-based approach to surveillance for methotrexate-related hepatotoxicity: promise and perils
Authors: M.F. Dawwas, G.P. Aithal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article The quest for an evidence‐based approach to surveillance for methotrexate‐related hepatotoxicity: promise and perils Get access M.F. Dawwas, M.F. Dawwas Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Kentucky Medical Center 800 Rose Street Lexington KY 40503 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.P. Aithal G.P. Aithal National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1684–1685, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13620 Published: 01 June 2015
Irinotecan (CPT-11) and Characteristic Mucosal Changes in the Mouse Ileum and Cecum
Authors: N. Ikuno, H. Soda, M. Watanabe, M. Oka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Irinotecan (CPT-11) and Characteristic Mucosal Changes in the Mouse Ileum and Cecum Get access Nobuhiro Ikuno, Nobuhiro Ikuno Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of MedicineJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroshi Soda, Hiroshi Soda Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of MedicineJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masami Watanabe, Masami Watanabe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of MedicineJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mikio Oka Mikio Oka * Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of MedicineJapan *Correspondence to : Mikio Oka, M.D., Ph.D., Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 7-1 Sakamoto 1-Chome, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 24, 20 December 1995, Pages 1876–1883, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.24.1876 Published: 20 December 1995 Article history Received: 04 April 1995 Revision received: 17 July 1995 Accepted: 15 September 1995 Published: 20 December 1995