tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries (S, D, L).
Authors: R Van Praagh, R E Durnin, H Jockin, H R Wagner, M Korns, H Garabedian, M Ando, A L Calder
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Two autopsy-proved cases are presented of a rare form of congenital heart disease, anatomically corrected malposition (S, D, L). Anatomically corrected malposition means that despite the abnormal relationship between the great arteries, the aorta arises nonetheless above the anatomically left ventricle and the pulmonary artery originates above the anatomically right ventricle. (S, D. L) briefly indicates the segmental set or combination: situs solitus of viscera and atria (S), ventricular D-loop (D), AND L-MALPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES (L). These are the first cases of anatomically corrected malposition (ACM) in whom the presence of a subaortic muscular conus only has been documented pathologically. This established that ACM can occur with a subaortic conus, as well as with a bilateral conus. From the diagnostic standpoint, the distributions or epicardial courses of the coronary arteries are recommended as a helpful approach to ventricular identification. This diagnostic method has widespread angiocardiographic and surgical applications. Symbolic terminology, exemplified by anatomically corrected malposition (S, D. L) is brief and accurate. This approach may conveniently be applied to many other forms of comples congenital heart disease, and it considerably facilitates computer data processing.
Angiotensin inhibition potentiates the renal responses to neutral endopeptidase inhibition in dogs with congestive heart failure.
Authors: K B Margulies, M A Perrella, L J McKinley, J C Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The renal natriuretic actions of endogenous atrial natriuretic factor are enhanced by neutral endopeptidase inhibition (NEP-I). Recognizing that activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in congestive heart failure (CHF) antagonizes the renal actions of atrial natriuretic factor, we hypothesized that angiotensin II antagonism with converting enzyme inhibition would potentiate the renal actions of NEP-I in CHF. To test this hypothesis, the renal responses to a specific NEP-I (SQ 28,603) were assessed in dogs with eight days of experimental CHF produced by rapid ventricular pacing. The renal natriuretic responses to NEP-I in experimental CHF were significant. In the same model of CHF, chronic angiotensin antagonism with converting enzyme inhibition potentiated both renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to NEP-I. The potentiated renal hemodynamic response included significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. In the CHF group with angiotensin antagonism, an intrarenal infusion of low-dose angiotensin abolished the potentiated renal responses to NEP-I, supporting the concept that intrarenal angiotensin antagonism, rather than improved systemic hemodynamics or potentiation of other peptide systems, mediated the enhanced renal responses to NEP-I in the presence of converting enzyme inhibition.
Hot-Tub Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Philip L. Hooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Iglehart (Jan.7 issue) 1 has undertaken the admittedly difficult exercise of tracking how Americans spend money on health care.In Table 2 of his article, which shows expenditures in 1970, 1980, and 1990 and projected expenditures in 1998 and 2007, Iglehart indicates that about 18 to 20 percent of national health care expenditures are for physicians' services, and about 4 to 7 percent are for program administration.The expenditures that he cites for physicians' services probably reflect gross payments, including overhead, not physicians' takehome income.Overhead is much higher in the United States than in other countries and is related, at least in part, to the costs of dealing with the requirements of regulatory agencies that are unique to the American health care system.These requirements affect expenditures in most of the categories shown under "personal health care" in Table 2. Inasmuch as this portion of overhead is related to administrative costs, it can be argued that these costs belong more appropriately in the category of "program administration and net cost."The high cost of dealing with regulatory issues may be an additional reason why health care expenditures in the United States are higher than per capita income would predict.Iglehart's calculations may underestimate these costs.Are data available to allocate administrative costs more accurately?If not, perhaps an additional categoryoverhead -should be included in an analysis of health care expenditures, so that the interested reader can have a better understanding of how the health care dollar is being spent.
Factors predictive of liver histopathological appearance in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis with common bile duct stenosis and increased serum alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Gilles Lesur, Philippe Levy, Jean-François Flejou, Jacques Belghiti, François Fekete, Pierre Bernades
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In the course of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, increased serum alkaline phosphatase level is usually caused by common bile duct stenosis but may also be due to alcoholic liver disease. The aims of this prospective study were to investigate whether clinical, biochemical and radiological factors could predict liver histopathological appearance. The study comprised 48 patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, common bile duct stenosis and increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels; clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological data were recorded in all cases. Liver biopsy examination (surgical [n = 45] or intercostal [n = 3]) showed (a) biliary obstructive liver abnormalities (n = 33), which were severe in 20 cases (biliary fibrosis in 15, secondary biliary cirrhosis in 3, secondary sclerosing cholangitis in 2) and moderate in 13 cases; (b) alcoholic liver disease in 9; and (c) normal liver in 6. Clinical, biochemical and radiological data were not statistically different between patients with biliary obstructive liver disease and those with alcoholic liver disease. Forty-five patients underwent surgery; two patients with alcoholic hepatitis died after surgery, at the beginning of this study. We conclude that in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis with common bile duct stenosis and increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, clinical, biochemical and radiological data cannot be used to predict the type of liver lesions. Therefore liver biopsy is warranted to identify (a) alcoholic hepatitis, which increases operative risk; and (b) biliary obstructive liver disease, frequent and often severe, in which surgical biliary decompression should be considered.
SGP-2 expression as a genetic marker of progressive cellular pathology in experimental hydronephrosis
Authors: John Connor, Ralph Buttyan, Carl A. Olsson, Vivette D'Agati, Kathleen O. Toole, Ihor S. Sawczuk
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

The onset of hydronephrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction is associated with the induced expression of RNA and proteins encoded by the SGP-2 gene. SGP-2 expression has been shown to demarcate mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. Using in situ hybridization, the cellular localization of SGP-2 expression in the obstructed kidney was determined as a means to study the various phases involved in the progression of hydronephrosis. Within 30 minutes of obstruction, SGP-2 mRNA expression was localized to the adventitial layers of the hilar arteries and intrarenal arterioles. Increasing time of obstruction resulted in the notable absence or depletion of this layer. In addition, the pattern of SGP-2 expression changed with time to the collecting ducts and distal tubules. This study identifies the vascular support tissue of the kidney as the initial site of reaction and potential cell death following ureteral obstruction. We believe that this observation may be of importance in explaining the early alterations in blood flow associated with hydronephrosis.
Long-term treatment with 0-01% fluclorolone acetonide in children.
Authors: W J Cunliffe
Journal: BMJ (1976)

day, which did not increase his insulin requirements.He was fully orientated and vision had returned to normal.The results of investigations on discharge were as follows: plasma sodium 139 mmol/l; plasma potassium 3-8 mmol/l; blood urea 3-8 mmol/l (23 mg/100 ml); plasma bicarbonate 35 mmol/l (35 mEq/l); haemoglobin 11-4 g/dl; packed cell volume 35-7%; and white blood cell count 9-8 x 109/1 (9800/mm3).
Eliminating Disparities in Cardiovascular Health
Authors: George A. Mensah
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Disparities in cardiovascular health are among the most serious public health problems in the United States today. Despite the remarkable declines in cardiovascular mortality observed nationally over the last 3 decades, many population subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, or geography show striking, and often widening, disparities in cardiovascular health. The pervasive nature of these disparities and compelling evidence of the adverse impact they have on clinical outcomes and quality of life have been well documented. The elimination of these disparities is 1 of the 2 overarching goals of the Healthy People 2010 national public health agenda; however, few publications provide guidance on what actions to take. In this review, 6 strategic imperatives within a framework for action are presented. Other key elements of the framework include 10 focal areas and 6 major settings within which the framework calls for accelerated interventions to eliminate disparities in cardiovascular health. Success in this endeavor will require innovative and comprehensive interventions built on a foundation of sound clinical and public health science. Strategic partnerships with communities, community-based organizations, state and local governments, and public and private partners from both health and nonhealth sectors are essential. Additionally, investment in local-level disparities surveillance, community-based participatory research, and development of a diverse clinical and public health workforce will be invaluable.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: JOANN L. DATA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Dextran 40 has been approved for use as a volume expander for shock of any cause and as a pump primer for extracorporeal circulation. Since its approval, no critical studies that clearly show its superiority over other solutions have been published. It is being used increasingly for prophylactic antithrombotic therapy in surgical patients who are at high risk of thromboembolic complications, and comparative studies show it to be as effective as warfarin for this purpose. But its dangerous and potentially fatal side effects should be known to the potential user. These include anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions, hypervolemia, renal failure, and a bleeding diathesis. These side effects may be overlooked because they can be easily ascribed to the condition for which the drug is being given. Because other equally effective drugs are available for all the approved uses of dextran 40, we cannot recommend this drug until we have comparative data that establish it as being at least as safe and effective as the alternatives.
URINARY INCONTINENCE IN THE FEMALE
Authors: EDWARD L. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The record of attempts to cure urinary incontinence in the female is an interesting illustration of the inability of most men to go straight to the point in working on any problem involving a part of the human body. The real importance of the condition, in its possibilities of discomfort and even disability to the individual, is well shown by the long array of procedures which have been advocated to help this distressing trouble. Until a few years ago, no satisfactory method of cure for incontinence in the female was known; all of the methods were more or less futile, many of them ridiculous, and some of them even dangerous. Contractile collodion has been painted over the meatus. Radial cauterization, as in a redundant rectal mucous membrane, has been used. Paraffin has been injected under the mucous membrane to make a permanent pressure against the canal. A sterile silk suture
PRIMARY SARCOMA OF THE HEART, WITH REPORT OF ADDITIONAL CASE
Authors: HUGH A. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Primary sarcoma of the heart is a clinical condition which cannot be diagnosed with certainty during life, as it presents no characteristic signs or symptoms. Babcock,1states that the usual symptoms are simply those of heart weakness, with irregular and accelerated pulse; pain, if the pericardium is affected, and murmur, if an opening is obstructed.  It is difficult to say with absolute certainty just how many cases of primary cardiac sarcoma have been reported, as the actual pathology in some of the earlier cases must always remain in doubt. It is very probable that some of them were secondary to overlooked foci.  In the following list of cases which I have collected from literature, I include those cases only in which the diagnosis of sarcoma seems to be unquestioned.  Bodenheimer2collected seven cases up to 1877, including the five
Ion Transport and Bacterial Toxins
Authors: H. THOMAS NORRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorial Notes1 July 1967Ion Transport and Bacterial ToxinsH. THOMAS NORRIS, M.D.H. THOMAS NORRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-1-216 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe exact mechanisms by which bacterial toxins produce their effects are still poorly understood. One method of study has been to examine the effect of toxins on normal cellular processes such as the active transport of sodium and oxidative metabolism.Active sodium transport can be studied in isolated epithelial membrane systems such as frog skin, urinary bladder of the toad, and segments of mammalian and amphibian intestine. A naturally occurring electrical potential difference is present between the two sides of such epithelially lined tissues. If electric current is passed through the tissue from an external battery so that the potential...References1. USSING HH: The alkali metal ions in isolated systems and tissues, in The Alkali Metals in Biology. Handbuch Der Experimentallen Pharmakologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1960. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RAHALPLAUTROSENWEINSTEIN JJMEHL: Purified staphylococcal alpha toxin: effect on epithelial ion transport. Science 155: 1118, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEAFPAGEANDERSON ALBJ: Respiration and active sodium transport of isolated toad bladder. J. Biol. Chem. 234: 1625, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HUBERPHILLIPS GSRA: Cholera and the sodium pump, in SEATO Conference on Cholera, vol. 1. The Post Publishing Co., Bangkok, 1960, p. 37. Google Scholar5. FUHRMANFUHRMAN GJFA: Inhibition of active sodium transport by cholera toxin. Nature (London) 188: 71, 1960. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. SACHARSAHAHARE DBJRKW: Transmural electric potential and their response to sugars in the intestine of normal subjects and acute cholera patients (abstract). Fed. Proc. 26: 384, 1967. Google Scholar7. NORRISSCHULTZCURRANFINKELSTEIN HTSGPFRA: Active sodium transport across rabbit ileum in experimental cholera induced by choleragen. J. Infect. Dis. 117: 193, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. THOMAS NORRIS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySodium, Potassium and Calcium in Gingival Fluid: A Study of the Relationship of the Ions to One Another, to Circadian Rhythms, Gingival Bleeding, Purulence, and to Conservative Periodontal Therapy 1 July 1967Volume 67, Issue 1Page: 216-217KeywordsBladderSodiumToxins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Childhood Leukemias Associated with Fallout from Nuclear Testing
Authors: Joseph L. Lyon, Melville R. Klauber, John W. Gardner, King S. Udall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Continuing concern over the possible carcinogenic effects of low-level radiation prompted us to study the population of Utah because of its exposure to fallout from 26 nuclear tests between 1951 and 1958. Certain rural counties (high-fallout counties) received most of the fallout during that period. We reviewed all deaths from childhood (under 15 years of age) cancers occurring in the entire state between 1944 and 1975 and assigned them to a cohort of either high or low exposure, depending on whether they were under 15 between 1951 and 1958. For reasons unknown, leukemia mortality among the low-exposure cohort in the high-fallout counties was about half that of the United States and the remainder of the state. Mortality increased by 2.44 times (95 per cent confidence, 1.18 to 5.02) to just slightly above that of the United States in the high-exposure cohort residing in the high-fallout counties, and was greatest in 10- to 14-year-old children. For other childhood cancers, no consistent pattern was found in relation to fallout exposure. The increase in leukemia deaths could be due to fallout or to some other unexplained factor. (N Engl J Med 300:397–402, 1979)
International migration of surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and obstetricians
Authors: Adam Lantz, Hampus Holmer, Samuel Finlayson, Thomas C Ricketts, David Watters, Russell Gruen, Lars Hagander
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

www.thelancet.com/lancetgh Vol 3 (S2) April 2015 S11 The data provided by our study are relevant to both lower and higher income countries, and can help policy makers understand and predict the supply and demand of their future surgical workforce. For lower-income countries, addressing the shortage of surgical providers is fundamental to meeting the increasing need for surgical care. For higher-income countries that still depend on an influx of surgical professionals from lower-income countries, there should be much greater domestic capacity to meet the demand for surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and obstetricians. The internationally ratifi ed Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel aims to bring awareness in all countries to the importance of national workforce planning, resource allocation, and data collection. Although previous studies of international migration of physicians have used data from even fewer high-income countries, our study is limited by the inclusion of only 14 out of 75 high-income countries. This study is also limited by the fact that not all countries categorise specialists and subspecialists the same way, limiting comparisons between particular specialties. It is important to emphasise that the study results are based on the emigration of medical graduates, not necessarily fully trained specialists. Also, our study design did not address internal migration or the geographical maldistribution of the surgical workforce within countries due to migration into urban settings and to non-governmental organisations and administration, nor did we capture the surgical workforce migrating regionally between lowincome or middle-income countries. These limitations translate into a likely underestimation of the degree of migration out of the most severely affected settings, and we acknowledge that in analysing the surgical work force, one should also International migration of surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and obstetricians
Epstein-Barr Virus Mimicking Lymphoma on FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Damita L. Thomas, Sergei Syrbu, Michael M. Graham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with a several month history of fevers and abdominal pain. After cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) titers returned normal, FDG-PET/CT was obtained due to concern for lymphoma. FDG-PET/CT revealed a pattern of hypermetabolic activity in the adenoids, bilateral cervical lymph nodes, abdominal lymph nodes, and spleen, highly concerning for lymphoma. However, subsequent biopsy of a cervical lymph node revealed lymphadenitis consistent with EBV. This case highlights infection as the most well-known false-positive cause on FDG-PET, and how biopsy is essential to definitively distinguish malignancy from infection.
Techniques Using the Hemoglobin Index of the Gastric Mucosa
Authors: K. Yao, M. Kato, J. Fujisaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Color changes seen at endoscopy are important for gastrointestinal endoscopic diagnosis. Quantification of the color information is useful for a scientific assessment of endoscopic color images. Since hemoglobin is the predominant pigment in the gastrointestinal mucosa, measurement of the hemoglobin content is a reasonable method for quantifying the color in gastrointestinal endoscopic images. Recently, Tsuji et al. have developed a technique for measuring mucosal hemoglobin content using electronic endoscopic imaging data [1]. The measure is called the “index of hemoglobin” (IHb). In this article, we describe the clinical applications and the usefulness of the technique. Currently, the technique is being used for two main purposes: image analysis and image processing, as shown in Table [1].
Maternal Age–Based Prenatal Genetic Testing
Authors: Robert Resta
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal