tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-324: The response of infiltrating and resident macrophages to melanoma challenge in the mouse lung: Involvement of the CC-chemokine axis in the recruitment of pro-tumoral macrophages.
Authors: Thomas T. Tapmeier, Annamaria Gal, Ruth J. Muschel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In a pulmonary metastasis model using B16F10 melanoma, we found monocyte/macrophage infiltration gradually increasing in the course of metastatic progression. The gene expression pattern of the infiltrating macrophages revealed an early (d3) inflammatory response that shifted to a tumor-promoting late response (d21). The pro-tumoral expression pattern was characterized by Arg1 and elevated expression of Ccl2, Vcam1, Vegfa, Stab1, Lyve1 and Ptgs2. In contrast, while enhancing their anti-inflammatory phenotype, resident lung (alveolar) macrophages also expressed pro-inflammatory genes, notably Il12b. We found at least three chemokine receptors involved in the recruitment of macrophages into the metastatic lung: CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5. The B16F10 cells secreted large quantities of RANTES which in turn activates CCR1 and CCR5, and thus contribute to macrophage chemotaxis. Infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, as well as alveolar macrophages, revealed an increased chemokine expression level in response to tumor challenge. These chemokines included the ligands for CCR1 and CCR5, Mip1α and Mip1β, thus providing a constant means of further macrophage recruitment. Interestingly, the expression of the CCR2 ligand, CCL2, was found strikingly increased by infiltrating monocytes/ macrophages, thus ensuring a positive feed-back loop for macrophage recruitment. In order to explore the involvement of CC chemokine receptors in pulmonary metastasis, we treated the mice with antagonists against CCR1, CCR5 and CCR2 after i.v. B16F10 challenge. The CCR1 and CCR5 antagonist treatments resulted in a 20% decrease in the number of lung colonies each. FACS analysis of the B16F10 colony bearing lungs revealed a distribution of macrophage subsets quite different from untreated lungs, highlighting the importance of CC-chemokine receptors in the recruitment of pro-tumoral macrophages. The effect of a CCR2 antagonist on lung colony formation will be discussed, together with its effect on the phenotype of macrophage subpopulations. Citation Format: Thomas T. Tapmeier, Annamaria Gal, Ruth J. Muschel. The response of infiltrating and resident macrophages to melanoma challenge in the mouse lung: Involvement of the CC-chemokine axis in the recruitment of pro-tumoral macrophages. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-324
Catecholamines and development of cardiac pacemaking: An intrinsically intimate relationship
Authors: S EBERT, D TAYLOR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

A generation ago, a melding of imagination and experimental evidence led to the hypothesis that catecholamines were essential in establishing basal cardiac pacemaking rhythm. Subsequent discoveries of depolarizing "pacemaker" currents and viable adult catecholamine-deficient animals raised serious doubts about the necessity of catecholamines in pacemaking. However, the findings that catecholamines are produced in pacemaking regions prior to innervation, and that they are required for embryonic survival during a defined "critical period" of embryonic development have revitalized the original hypothesis. Recent results have further suggested that intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells can differentiate into pacemaking myocytes, and that protein kinase A, a prominent downstream mediator of beta-adrenergic signaling, is required for pacemaking activity. Here, we discuss how catecholamines and the intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells that produce them may influence ontological development of cardiac pacemaking.
Cuban refugees injured themselves to get into the United States
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Many Cuban refugees purposefully injured themselves or feigned illness in an attempt to be sent to the United States for treatment, according to doctors who treated them. Examples of the injuries include self inflicted burning, injection of diesel fuel, and ingestion of metal objects ( New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 336:1251-3).

Frustrated by deteriorating economic conditions spurred by the collapse of the Soviet Union and dwindling economic support from Russia, thousands of Cubans attempted to sail to the United States aboard crude rafts only to be captured by US military forces and sent to Guantanamo Bay naval base, where they were held indefinitely.

While the US had previously allowed Cubans to immigrate relatively easily, in November 1994, Attorney General Janet Reno issued a policy allowing entry to only those under age 18, pregnant women, or anyone who had a medical condition that could not be treated at the base. The latter provision led to several hundred detained Cubans attempting to gain a “medical parole” by injuring themselves.

The majority occurred when a detainee …
Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves regulate basal coronary flow via release of capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides in the rat heart.
Authors: H Yaoita, E Sato, M Kawaguchi, T Saito, K Maehara, Y Maruyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve fibers supposedly modulate basal coronary flow by releasing capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides, but the physiological effects of this intrinsic action have not been clarified. We investigated the intrinsic function of nonadrenergic noncholinergic innervation in modulating basal coronary flow in rats. We administered capsaicin to 44 rats to deplete neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P and administered inert vehicle to 60 control rats. Four days later, we measured the coronary pressure-flow relation in the basal state and during maximal coronary vasodilation induced by intracoronary adenosine administration using Langendorff's method. Changes in basal coronary flow prompted by intracoronary infusion of CGRP or substance P and their antagonists were measured in 54 and 30 rats, respectively. Capsaicin-treated rats showed a 31.5 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SEM) reduction (P &lt; .01) of basal coronary flow in the range of perfusion pressures between 60 and 140 mm Hg compared with untreated control rats, but the maximal coronary flow after adenosine was similar between the two groups. Although basal coronary flow was reduced in capsaicin-treated hearts, left ventricular contractile force and myocardial oxygen consumption did not fall significantly. CGRP increased the coronary flow, but substance P did not. CGRP(8-37), a CGRP receptor antagonist, reduced basal coronary flow by 24.5 +/- 2.1% (P &lt; .01), but FK888, a substance P antagonist, had little effect on it. Thus, capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides in the rat heart modulate basal coronary flow, providing approximately 30% of it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genome-wide association study identifies germline polymorphisms associated with relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jun J. Yang, Cheng Cheng, Meenakshi Devidas, Xueyuan Cao, Dario Campana, Wenjian Yang, Yiping Fan, Geoff Neale, Nancy Cox, Paul Scheet, Michael J. Borowitz, Naomi J. Winick, Paul L. Martin, W. Paul Bowman, Bruce Camitta, Gregory H. Reaman, William L. Carroll, Cheryl L. Willman, Stephen P. Hunger, William E. Evans, Ching-Hon Pui, Mignon Loh, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2012)
Tetrahydrobiopterin and Dietary Restriction in Mild Phenylketonuria
Authors: Margretta R Seashore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Inherited disorders of intermediary metabolism are the prototypes for the treatment of genetic disorders. In each condition, accumulation of a metabolite results from a genetically determined abnormality in a metabolic pathway in which there is deficient biosynthesis either of an enzyme or of a cofactor necessary for the function of an enzyme, leading to abnormal activity of the enzyme. The outcome in patients identified by newborn-screening programs in the United States and around the world attests to the success of treatments based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders. Therapy spares children the ravages of severe illness, mental . . .
Enzymatic remodelling of the carbohydrate surface of a xenogenic cell substantially reduces human antibody binding and complement-mediated cytolysis
Authors: Mauro S. Sandrin, William L. Fodor, Effie Mouthtouris, Narin Osman, Shlomo Cohney, Scott A. Rollins, Edward R. Guilmette, Eva Setter, Stephen P. Squinto, Ian F.C. Mckenzie
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Therapeutic effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody on the murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus.
Authors: T Yamada, A Matsumori, S Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been reported to have an antiviral effect in vitro; however, its in vivo effect remains to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of TNF-alpha in viral myocarditis using a murine model induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), we evaluated (1) plasma TNF-alpha levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (2) the effect of recombinant human TNF-alpha for its possible antiviral effect in vivo, and (3) the effect of anti-murine TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vivo. Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with EMCV (day 0). Mice were injected intravenously daily with 1 microgram of TNF-alpha or 2 x 10(3) units of anti-TNF-alpha mAb starting on day -1, day 0, or day 1 until day 2 (TNF-alpha study) or day 4 (anti-TNF-alpha mAb study). A portion of the mice were killed on day 5 (protocol 1); their hearts were removed, and plaque assays were performed to demonstrate the myocardial virus content. The remaining mice were killed on day 14 (protocol 2); myocardial lesions were examined histopathologically in terms of severity, and their survival rates were determined. Plasma TNF-alpha concentration was elevated in the blood of infected mice compared with uninfected mice 3, 5, and 7 days after virus inoculation. The myocardial virus content was higher in the TNF-alpha-treated group than in the control group. Histopathological analysis revealed that myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration were more prominent in the TNF-alpha group than in the control group. The anti-TNF-alpha mAb improved survival and myocardial lesions when its treatment was started 1 day before virus inoculation. However, it showed no therapeutic effect when administered simultaneously with the inoculation or on day 1. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha may play an important role in the very early stage of the immune response, and anti-TNF-alpha mAb may prevent the early pathway of acute viral myocarditis.
National maps of the effects of particulate matter on mortality: exploring geographical variation.
Authors: Francesca Dominici, Aidan McDermott, Scott L Zeger, Jonathan M Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this paper, we present national maps of relative rates of mortality associated with short-term exposure to particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)). We report results for 88 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994 for all-cause mortality, combined cardiovascular and respiratory deaths, and other causes of mortality. Maximum likelihood estimates of the relative rate of mortality associated with PM(10)and the degree of statistical uncertainty were obtained for each of the 88 cities by fitting a separate log-linear regression of the daily mortality rate on air pollution level and potential confounders. We obtained Bayesian estimates of the relative rates by fitting a hierarchical model that takes into account spatial correlation among the true city-specific relative rates. We found that daily variations of PM(10) are positively associated with daily variations of mortality. In particular, the relative rate estimates of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality associated with PM(10) are larger on average than the relative rate estimates of all-cause and other-cause mortality. The estimated increase in the relative rate of death from cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, all-cause mortality, and other-cause mortality were 0.31% (95% posterior interval, 0.15-0.5), 0.22% (95% posterior interval, 0.1-0.38), and 0.13% (95% posterior interval, -0.05 to 0.29), respectively. Bayesian estimates of the city-specific relative rates ranged from 0.23% to 0.35% for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, from 0.18% to 0.27% for all causes, and from 0.10% to 0.20% for other causes of mortality. The spatial characterization of effects across cities offers the potential to identify factors that could influence the effect of PM(10) on health, including particle characteristics, offering insights into mechanisms by which PM(10) causes adverse health effects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWEDGE OF THE DEVELOPEMENT OR EVOLUTION OF THE CHILD IN THE PREVETION OF CHILDREN'S DISEASES.
Authors: E. STUVER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In this age of world-encircling intellectual activity in which mind has penetrated so many of the secrets of Nature, and by directing its forces, has secured such a great dominion over matter, when the thought and discoveries of the whole world are at the command of each individual worker, we are prone to lose sight of the fact that while mind controls and directs matter, matter, on the other hand, exerts a powerful influence on the normal development and integrity of mind. Surrounded as we are by free schools, almost universal educational facilities, and a public sentiment which, subordinating nearly everything else to the cultivation of intellect, rushes the child, scarcely out of the cradle, into the kindergarten, and thence through various grades of schools, colleges and universities, until he or she emerges at the age of 25 or 30 years, a finished product of our
Measuring blood pressure in the elderly: does atrial fibrillation increase observer variability?
Authors: D Sykes, R Dewar, K Mohanaruban, K Donovan, F Nicklason, D M Thomas, D Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the interobserver and intraobserver variability of blood pressure measurements in geriatric patients in atrial fibrillation and in sinus rhythm. DESIGN--Prospective assessment of blood pressure measurements carried out in random order in two groups of elderly patients by five doctors unaware of the aims of the study. SETTING--Acute assessment wards for geriatric medicine, Cardiff Royal Infirmary. PATIENTS--50 Elderly patients in sinus rhythm and 50 in atrial fibrillation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Interobserver and intraobserver variability of blood pressure measurements in the two groups expressed as the coefficient of variability and compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS--Interobserver variability was significantly greater in the patients with atrial fibrillation for both systolic and diastolic pressures. Intraobserver variability was significantly greater in the atrial fibrillation group for diastolic pressures but the difference was not significant for systolic pressures. These differences were not related to pulse rate, age, or level of blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS--The findings suggest that in the presence of atrial fibrillation physicians9 interpretations of Korotkoff sounds are less uniform, which may have important clinical implications. Possibly a standardised methodology may overcome this problem.
London GP is cleared of practising female genital mutilation
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A London GP who removed almost all of the labia minora of a patient during cosmetic surgery has been cleared of practising female genital mutilation by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

Sureshkumar Pandya performed labiaplasty in March 2012 on a 33 year old woman named only as Patient A, who complained that her labia were “ugly” and made her uncomfortable. He saw her again a week later and recorded that the wound was healing well.

But a week after that, Patient A went to see another GP, who recorded in her notes: “Patient upset …
D4-06: Potential role of molecular markers expression to improve mediastinal nodes staging from resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Bartomeu Massuti, Susana Benlloch, Jose Galbis, Cristina Alenda, Juan Jose Mafe, Juan Luis Marti, Francisca M. Peiro, Rafael Rosell, Jose Manuel Rodriguez Paniagua, Miquel Taron
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Placental stem cell correction of murine intermediate maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Kristen J. Skvorak, Kenneth Dorko, Fabio Marongiu, Veysel Tahan, Marc C. Hansel, Roberto Gramignoli, K. Michael Gibson, Stephen C. Strom
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

There is improved survival and partial metabolic correction of a mouse intermediate maple syrup urine disease (iMSUD) model after allogenic hepatocyte transplantation, confirming that a small number of enzyme-proficient liver-engrafted cells can improve phenotype. However, clinical shortages of suitable livers for hepatocyte isolation indicate a need for alternative cell sources. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) share stem cell characteristics without the latter's safety and ethical concerns and differentiate to hepatocyte-like cells. Eight direct hepatic hAEC transplantations were performed in iMSUD mice over the first 35 days beginning at birth; animals were provided a normal protein diet and sacrificed at 35 and 100 days. Treatment at the neonatal stage is clinically relevant for MSUD and may offer a donor cell engraftment advantage. Survival was significantly extended and body weight was normalized in iMSUD mice receiving hAEC transplantations compared with untreated iMSUD mice, which were severely cachectic and died ≤28 days after birth. Branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase enzyme activity was significantly increased in transplanted livers. The branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, and alloisoleucine were significantly improved in serum and brain, as were other large neutral amino acids.Placental-derived stem cell transplantation lengthened survival and corrected many amino acid imbalances in a mouse model of iMSUD. This highlights the potential for their use as a viable alternative clinical therapy for MSUD and other liver-based metabolic diseases.
ON THE DETERMINATION OF ASTIGMATISM WITH THE OPHTHAL-MOMETER (JAVAL-SCHIOTZ).Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Fort-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn, May, 1890.
Authors: CARL KOLLER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

It is almost a century since the great English philospher, Thomas Young, discovered in his own eye an error of refraction due to different refraction of different meridians. For half a century the knowledge thus obtained did not influence the practice of prescribing glasses. It was almost exclusively astronomers, scientists and physiologists, like Young,Airy,Stokes,Fick and others who studied this asymetry of refraction in their own eyes, measured it and tried to correct it. The first to have used cylindric glasses to this end was Airy. A new impetus was given to the study of this imperfection of the human eye by the invention of Helmholtz's ophthalmometer. With the aid of this perfect instrument, invented to determine the curvature of different surfaces, Helmholtz, Donders and their pupils, as Knapp, Woinow, Middelburgh, Mauthner, etc., studied in all directions the dioptric system of the eye. Fundamental points were
Green Tea, Coffee, and Diabetes
Authors: Hiroyasu Iso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters17 October 2006Green Tea, Coffee, and DiabetesHiroyasu Iso, MDHiroyasu Iso, MDFrom Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE: We thank the correspondents for their interest in our study. In response to Dr. Chen's queries, there was no difference in mean BMI between respondents and nonrespondents in each category of green tea and coffee consumption, except for the category of at least 6 cups of green tea per day in men (22.6 kg/m2 vs. 22.9 kg/m2; P = 0.02) and the category of 1 to 6 cups of coffee per week in men (22.6 kg/m2 vs. 23.0 kg/m2; P = 0.008) and women (22.8 kg/m2 vs. 23.2 kg/m2; P = 0.005), where no protective effect was found in our Table ...Reference1. Arnlov J, Vessby B, Riserus U. Coffee consumption and insulin sensitivity [Letter]. JAMA. 2004;291:1199-201. [PMID: 15010440] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hiroyasu Iso, MDAffiliations: From Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Relationship between Green Tea and Total Caffeine Intake and Risk for Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults Hiroyasu Iso , Chigusa Date , Kenji Wakai , Mitsuru Fukui , and Akiko Tamakoshi , and the JACC Study Group*Green Tea, Coffee, and Diabetes Rob M. van Dam Green Tea, Coffee, and Diabetes Ruoling Chen Green Tea, Coffee, and Diabetes Tsung O. Cheng Green Tea, Coffee, and Diabetes Luca Mascitelli and Francesca Pezzetta Metrics Cited byEffect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of tea polysaccharides 17 October 2006Volume 145, Issue 8Page: 634-635KeywordsBody mass indexCaffeineCoffeeInternational Classification of DiseasesMagnesiumMilkOdds ratioOverweightTeaType 2 diabetes ePublished: 17 October 2006 Issue Published: 17 October 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Don't Let Them Begin the Regime
Authors: Glenn W. Geelhoed
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I have confronted  number of authoritarian regimes in medical journals. Oh, when did they begin the regime?  I suspect physicians who institute  therapeutic regime are the same folk who deploy their diagnostic armamentarium. The force of law and the presence of arms are perceived in the shadowy background of these multisyllabic terms.  When did they begin the regime? Regime was not found in my medical dictionary but was present in the American College Dictionary , said to define  mode or system of rule or government. Regimen , from the Latin regere —to rule or to guide—was present in my Gould Medical Dictionary as a systematic course or plan directed toward the improvement of health, the diagnosis of disease, or the investigation of biologic activities.  Insidiously, the one term has been substituted for the other, perhaps on the simplistic ground that they look so much alike. Another