tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alteration in Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Accumulation of Myocardial Collagen at Insulin-Resistant Prediabetic Stage of a Type II Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Katsufumi Mizushige, Li Yao, Takahisa Noma, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Yang Yu, Naohisa Hosomi, Koji Ohmori, Hirohide Matsuo
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Considerable controversy exists regarding impairment of cardiac function in diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the serial changes in left ventricular (LV) histopathology and LV filling dynamics in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which have been established as an animal model of type II DM.In 54 OLETF and 54 non-DM rats, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and transmitral pulsed Doppler examinations were performed from 5 to 47 weeks of age. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. The hearts were excised for histopathology, including immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry of collagen, and measurement of hydroxyproline at baseline and each stage of developing DM. In the prediabetic stage (15 weeks of age), in which fast blood glucose remained normal, OLETF rats manifested mild obesity, postprandial hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, and early diastolic transmitral inflow exhibited prolonged deceleration time (OLETF, 59+/-10 ms versus non-DM, 49+/-8 ms, P<0.01) and low peak velocity (OLETF, 73+/-11 cm/s versus non-DM, 88+/-11 cm/s, P<0.01). Histopathology revealed extracellular fibrosis and abundant transforming growth factor-beta(1) receptor II in LV myocytes of OLETF rats. At 15 weeks of age, the ratio of collagen area/visual field of LV wall in OLETF rats (8.3+/-1.3%) was larger than that in non-DM rats (4.9+/-1.8%, P<0.0001), and the collagen content/dry tissue weight ratio of heart was significantly higher in OLETF (2. 0+/-0.5 mg/g) than non-DM (1.3+/-0.2 mg/g, P<0.01) rats.A metabolic abnormality present in the prestage of type II DM may produce LV fibrosis and alteration in cardiac function.
Diagnosing parotid calculi
Authors: D. Patey
Journal: BMJ (1969)

implants inserted as far back as 1956) kindly allowed us to examine them ; papers were read and discussed." Irreparable damage" appeared to belong to the past.I agree that intraocular implants have no place in the management of the usual run of refractive errors, assuming that appropriate spectacles or contact lenses are available.But the optical correction of aphakiaespecially unilateral-is quite another story.Where young children are concerned-and perforating wounds involving the crystalline lens are unhappily not rare-the situation is further complicated by the rapid onset of amblyopia, almost invariably irreversible in later life.Neither spectacles nor contact lenses provide a satisfactory answer, so the insertion of an intraocular lens implant, plus temporary occlusion of the uninjured eye, is the only practicable means of preventing amblyopia and restoring binocularity-as I stressed in 19591 and has been stressed by me and others' ever since.-Iam, etc., London W.I.
Role of exercise stress test in master athletes
Authors: F Pigozzi, A Spataro, A Alabiso, A Parisi, M Rizzo, F Fagnani, V Di Salvo, G Massazza, N Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

The effectiveness of cardiovascular screening in minimising the risk of athletic field deaths in master athletes is not known.To evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of ST segment depression during a stress test in asymptomatic apparently healthy elderly athletes.A total of 113 male subjects aged over 60 were studied (79 trained and 34 sedentary); 88 of them (62 trained and 26 sedentary) were followed up for four years (mean 2.16 years for athletes, 1.26 years for sedentary subjects), with a resting 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), symptom limited exercise ECG on a cycle ergometer, echocardiography, and 24 hour ECG Holter monitoring.A significant ST segment depression at peak exercise was detected in one athlete at the first evaluation. A further case was seen during the follow up period in a previously "negative" athlete. Both were asymptomatic, and single photon emission tomography and/or stress echocardiography were negative for myocardial ischaemia. The athletes remained symptom-free during the period of the study. One athlete died during the follow up for coronary artery disease: he showed polymorphous ventricular tachycardia during both the exercise test and Holter monitoring, but no significant ST segment depression.The finding of false positive ST segment depression in elderly athletes, although still not fully understood, may be related to the physiological cardiac remodelling induced by regular training. Thus athletes with exercise induced ST segment depression, with no associated symptoms and/or complex ventricular arrhythmias, and no adverse findings at second level cardiological testing, should be considered free from coronary disease and safe to continue athletic training.
Iron-Deficiency Pruritis
Authors: C. F. H. Vickers
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the article "Pruritus: A Manifestation of Iron Deficiency" (236:2319, 1976) and would like to draw attention to work on iron deficiency and generalized pruritus dating back to 1967. Then Sneddon and Garretts<sup>1</sup>described the relationship between itching and iron deficiency. Also, in 1972 Rook, Wilkinson, and Ebling<sup>2</sup>described this condition, and in 1974 I published a paper<sup>3</sup>describing the relationship of iron deficiency to generalized pruritus in 87 patients. I would entirely agree with your authors but would disagree that this condition has not been described.
The relationship of mitral annular shape to the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: R A Levine, M O Triulzi, P Harrigan, A E Weyman
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The geometric or anatomic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse, as opposed to the pathologic diagnosis of myxomatous valve disease, is based on the relationship of the mitral leaflets to the surrounding anulus. Current echocardiographic criteria for this diagnosis include leaflet displacement above the annular hinge points in any two-dimensional view; implicit in this equivalent use of intersecting views is the assumption that the mitral anulus is a euclidean plane. Prolapse by these criteria is found in a surprisingly large proportion of the general population. In most of these individuals, however, prolapse is present in the apical four-chamber view and absent in roughly orthogonal long-axis views of the left ventricle. This frequently observed discrepancy between leaflet-annular relationships in intersecting views suggests an underlying geometric property of the mitral apparatus that would produce the appearance of prolapse in one view without actual leaflet distortion. To address this possibility, a model of the mitral valve and anulus was constructed. When the model anulus was given a nonplanar, saddle-shaped configuration, the clinical observations were reproduced: the leaflets appeared to lie above the low points of the anulus in one plane, and below its high points in a perpendicular plane. Therefore, the appearance of mitral valve prolapse can occur without actual leaflet displacement above the most superior points of the mitral anulus if the anulus is nonplanar. To determine whether this pattern is reflected in the human mitral anulus, two-dimensional echocardiographic views of the mitral apparatus were obtained by rotation about the cardiac apex in 20 patients without evident annular or rheumatic valvular disease. In all cases the mitral anulus, as reconstructed from these views, had a nonplanar systolic configuration, with high points located anteriorly and posteriorly. This is consistent with the findings of other groups in animals, and would favor the appearance of prolapse in the four-chamber view and its absence in long-axis views that are oriented anteroposteriorly. This model can therefore explain the frequently observed discrepancy between leaflet-annular relationships in roughly orthogonal views. It challenges the assumption that the mitral anulus is planar as well as the diagnosis of prolapse in many otherwise normal individuals based on that assumption.
Evaluation of Endoscopic Hemostasis in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Related to Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Authors: I. K. Chung, E. J. Kim, K. Y. Hwang, I. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, S. H. Park, M. H. Lee, S. J. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: The endoscopic hemostatic method has been introduced as a safe and effective mechanical approach to hemostasis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS). However, the indications for when to use endoscopic treatment are debatable because many patients need only medical observation. The study was designed to evaluate the necessity and efficacy of endoscopic hemostasis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to MWS. Patients and Methods: From July 1994 to May 2000, we conducted a clinical trial in 76 patients who were found by endoscopy to have active bleeding (I, spurting; II, oozing), protruding visible vessels (III), and/or adherent clots (IV). Two study periods can be differentiated: in the first 3 years endoscopic treatment (n = 30) was prospectively analyzed and in the final 3 years medical treatment (n = 46) was analyzed in both cases to compare the outcome in MWS bleeding II-IV. In the first study period, in addition, endoscopic treatment was randomised to an injection method, using a mixture of hypertonic saline and epinephrine (HSE) (n = 14) and a hemoclipping or band ligation method (n = 16). Results: Rebleeding was observed in four of 14 patients who had received endoscopic hemostasis with HSE injection and one of 46 patients who had been managed with medical treatment. No rebleeding was found following hemoclipping or band ligation. While all rebleeding was in bleeding stigmata of the I (1) and II (4) grades, there was no rebleeding in protruding visible vessels (III) or in adherent clots (IV), regardless of treatment methods. Conclusions: Our results suggested that endoscopic hemostasis is not necessary in patients without active bleeding stigmata, and the mechanical hemostatic method is more effective than HSE injection in patients with active bleeding stigmata.
Long-Term Results of Combined-Modality Therapy in Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jocelyne Martin, Robert J. Ginsberg, Ennapadam S. Venkatraman, Manjit S. Bains, Robert J. Downey, Robert J. Korst, Mark G. Kris, Valerie W. Rusch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Assessment of long-term results of combined-modality therapy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer is hampered by insufficient follow-up and small patient numbers. To evaluate this, we reviewed our collective experience.This study was a retrospective chart review recording demographics, tumor stage, treatment, and outcome of consecutive patients undergoing surgery. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier, and prognostic factors were analyzed by log-rank and Cox regression.From January 1993 to December 1999, 470 patients were treated, with follow-up in 446: 27 stage I, 55 stage II, 316 stage III, 43 stage IV (solitary M1), and five uncertain. Chemotherapy was mitomycin/vinblastine/cisplatin (174 patients [39.0%]), carboplatin/paclitaxel (148 [33.2%]), and other combination (124 [27.8%]); 75 patients (16.8%) received induction radiation. Resection was complete in 77.4%, incomplete in 8.3%, attempted but with gross residual disease afterward in 1.8%, and not performed in 12.6%. Pathologic complete response occurred in 20 patients (4.5%). With median follow-up of 31.0 months for patients still alive, median and 3-year survival for pathologic stages 0, I, II, III, and IV were more than 90 months, 73%; 42 months, 52%; 23 months, 35%; 16 months, 28%; and 16 months, 23% (P <.001). In a multivariate analysis, age, complete resection, pathologic stage, and pneumonectomy, but not induction regimen, significantly influenced survival.Although pathologic complete response outside the protocol setting is low, survival of this large patient cohort is comparable to that of patients in published combined-modality trials. Survival is significantly influenced by patient age, complete resection, pathologic stage, and pneumonectomy. These results can help guide standard clinical practice and emphasize the need for novel induction regimens.
RECENT PHASES OF THORACIC SURGERY
Authors: EVARTS A. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The development of the surgery of the thorax has been slower than that of any other field. Although operations for drainage in cases of empyema were carried out by the ancients, it is only in very modern times that any extensive surgical procedures have been undertaken within the thorax. The newness and the present undeveloped state of the surgery of this region are reflected not only in the high mortality of some of the procedures, but also in the lack of any sort of uniform agreement as to what constitute operative indications in many of the conditions. Thoracic surgery is now passing through the period of high mortality and indifferent results which characterized the field of abdominal surgery twenty-five years ago, and of the surgery of the brain even more recently. In the future it will unquestionably be made safer by a better understanding of the physiology and pathology involved,
Angiotensin II Studies in Hypertension
Authors: MILTON MENDLOWITZ, ROBERT L. WOLF, STANLEY E. GITLOW, NOSRAT E. NAFTCHI
Journal: Circulation (1962)

1. In primary hypertension, the digital blood vessels are more reactive than normal to angiotensin II as well as to l -norepinephrine. 2. In terms of weight, the potency of angiotensin II in constricting digital blood vessels is 10 times that of norepinephrine in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 3. The turnover of angiotensin II-I 131 is slower than normal in patients with primary hypertension. 4. Digital vascular reactivity to both l -norepinephrine and angiotensin II is normal in "pure" renal hypertension. 5. Angiotensin II-I 131 turnover, in contrast, in the case of renal hypertension studied, was slower than in the normal group and was similar to that in the case of primary hypertension.
Abstract 1413: Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 inhibits prostate cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Shang-Ru Wu, Chen-Hsin Teng, Chin-Hsien Tsai, Ya-Ting Tu, Tai-Shan Cheng, Hsin-Yi Shyu, Chun-Jung Ko, Shao-Wei Lan, Hsiang-Po Huang, Chen-Yong Lin, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Ming-Shyue Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Dysregulation of proteolysis on cell surface has been strongly implicated in cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we delineated the role of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion within a human prostate cancer progression model, established by a serial of intraprostatic injections of prostate cancer cells and isolation of the invasive cells from nearby lymph nodes. The invasion capability of these cells was increased after the serial isolations. Interestingly, the expression of HAI-2 but not HAI-1 was dramatically decreased following the progression and concurrent with an increase of activated matriptase. Overexpression of HAI-2 reduced prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, at least in part due to its inhibitory role in matriptase. Following the orthotopic tumor growth in mice, the level of matriptase was increased while HAI-2 protein level was decreased. These results indicated that during the progression of human prostate cancer, HAI-2 expression was reduced, leading to constitutive matriptase activation, increased cell migration and invasion. Thus, HAI-2 exerted an inhibitory role in prostate cancer progression partly through inhibiting matripase activity. Imbalance between HAI-2 and matriptase may result in prostate tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1413
Antibody-drug conjugates targeted to CD79 for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Andrew G. Polson, Shang-Fan Yu, Kristi Elkins, Bing Zheng, Suzanna Clark, Gladys S. Ingle, Dionysos S. Slaga, Lynne Giere, Changchun Du, Christine Tan, Jo-Anne Hongo, Alvin Gogineni, Mary J. Cole, Richard Vandlen, Jean-Philippe Stephan, Judy Young, Wesley Chang, Suzie J. Scales, Sarajane Ross, Dan Eaton, Allen Ebens
Journal: Blood (2007)
An increased alveolar CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T-regulatory cell ratio in acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with increased 30-day mortality
Authors: Michael Adamzik, Jasmin Broll, Jörg Steinmann, Astrid Maria Westendorf, Irene Rehfeld, Carla Kreissig, Jürgen Peters
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Deaths and Injuries from House Fires
Authors: Gregory R. Istre, Mary A. McCoy, Linda Osborn, Jeffrey J. Barnard, Allen Bolton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

We sought to define the factors associated with house fires and related injuries by analyzing the data from population-based surveillance.For 1991 through 1997, we linked the following data for Dallas: records from the fire department of all house fires (excluding fires in apartments and mobile homes), records of patients transported by ambulance, hospital admissions, and reports from the medical examiner of fatal injuries.There were 223 injuries (91 fatal and 132 nonfatal) from 7190 house fires, for a rate of 5.2 injured persons per 100,000 population per year. Rates of injury related to house fires were highest among blacks (relative risk, 2.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 3.6) and in people 65 years of age or older (relative risk, 2.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.9 to 3.5). Census tracts with low median incomes had the highest rates of injury related to house fires (relative risk as compared with census tracts with high median incomes, 8.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.5 to 32.0). The rate of injuries was higher for fires that began in bedrooms or living areas (relative risk, 3.7); that were started by heating equipment, smoking, or children playing with fire (relative risk, 2.6); or that occurred in houses built before 1980 (relative risk, 6.6). Injuries occurred more often in houses without functioning smoke detectors (relative risk, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.4). The prevalence of functioning smoke detectors was lowest in houses in the census tracts with the lowest median incomes (P<0.001).Rates of injuries related to house fires are highest in elderly, minority, and low-income populations and in houses without functioning smoke detectors. Efforts to prevent injuries and deaths from house fires should target these populations.
Pulmonary Infarction With Chickenpox
Authors: Peter Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Glick et al (222:173, 1972) described pulmonary infarction in a patient with varicella pneumonia. Embolic lesions no doubt occur in patients with varicella infections, and the authors cite evidence that suggests that intravascular coagulation is common. It should be emphasized that infarction is one of the primary morphologic lesions observed in visceral and cutaneous herpetic infections, whether due to zoster or varicella. At the light microscopic level, I have observed infarction whenever the infection penetrates epithelium or involves a parenchymal organ. The initiating lesion seems to be the viral vasculitis to which the authors refer. In fact, after careful study of these lesions, it appears that the vessel itself becomes necrotic and that this feature plus any local clotting leads to infarction. Consequently, infarction is not an unexpected consequence of varicella pneumonia, and probably occurs at differing times in various parts of the lungs as the infection evolves
Review: General health checks in adults do not reduce all-cause, cardiovascular, or cancer mortality
Authors: Lionel S. Lim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Grønhøj Larsen C, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD009009. 23076952
Immune responses in adult female volunteers during the bed-rest model of spaceflight: Antibodies and cytokines
Authors: William T. Shearer, Hans D. Ochs, Bang-Ning Lee, Evan N. Cohen, James M. Reuben, Irene Cheng, Bruce Thompson, Janet S. Butel, Antoine Blancher, Michel Abbal, Hernan Aviles, Gerald Sonnenfeld
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Interaction of Leptin Genetic Variants and DNA Methylation Influences Lung Function and Asthma at 18 Years of Age
Authors: Nandini Mukherjee, Susan L. Ewart, Syed H. Arshad, Gabrielle A. Lockett, John W. Holloway, Wilfried Karmaus
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
mot-2–Mediated Cross Talk between Nuclear Factor-κB and p53 Is Involved in Arsenite-Induced Tumorigenesis of Human Embryo Lung Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Yuan Li, Yuan Xu, Min Ling, Ye Yang, Shoulin Wang, Zhong Li, Jianwei Zhou, Xinru Wang, Qizhan Liu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Inactivation of p53 is involved in arsenite-induced tumorigenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the inactivation of p53 and neoplastic transformation induced by arsenite in human embryo lung fibroblast (HELF) cells.Anchorage-independent growth assays were performed, and tumorigenicity in intact animals was assessed to confirm arsenite-induced neoplastic transformation. We determined the levels and functions of p53, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B; a key transcriptional regulator), and mot-2 (a p53 inhibitor) and their relationships in arsenite-induced transformed HELF cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation assays.Exposure of HELF cells to low levels of arsenite increased their proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth and disrupted normal contact inhibition. When introduced into nude mice, transformed cells were tumorigenic. We used proteomic analysis to identify proteins with altered expression between untreated and arsenite-exposed cells. We found decreased expression of NF-B repressing factor (NKRF; an inhibitor of NF-B-mediated gene transcription), increased expression of mot-2, and increased activation of NF-B. Changes in cells exposed to 1.0 microM arsenite were more marked than changes in cells exposed to 0.5 or 2.0 microM arsenite. Inactivation of NF-B prevented malignant transformation induced by 1.0 microM arsenite. Moreover, we also identified a mechanism whereby NF-B regulated p53. Specifically, activation of NF-B up-regulated mot-2 expression, which prevented nuclear translocation of p53 and switched the binding preference of the p53 and NF-B coactivator CBP [cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) binding protein] from p53 to NF-B.mot-2-mediated cross talk between NF-B and p53 appears to be involved in arsenite-induced tumorigenesis of HELF cells.
A high- or low-dose triamcinolone injection improved pain and function in adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Katherine Margo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Yoon SH, Lee HY, Lee HJ, Kwack KS. Optimal dose of intra-articular corticosteroids for adhesive capsulitis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:1133-9. 23507791