tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia for Surgery of the Heart
Authors: John B. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Seven years have elapsed since the first edition of this book. Cardiac surgery has expanded during this period, and Keown's book has doubled in size! The book seems to be directed towards those anesthesiologists and physicians not practicing in a large medical center. The role of the anesthesiologist as a complete physician in evaluating, selecting, and preparing the patient for cardiac surgery is emphasized. Chapters on cardiac catheterization and radiologic diagnoses of heart disease (written by specialists) are included. The author has devoted adequate space to cardiac diseases that can be surgically treated in community hospitals (viz, chapters on patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, and mitral stenosis). Other chapters in the book frequently refer the reader to the short section by Moffitt and Theye on the use of the Mayo-Gibbon Pump Oxygenator. The book is designed as a primer. It should be of value to most medical students,
Sleep apnoea and hypertension: time for recommendations
Authors: Patrick Lévy, Walter T. McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Hypertension can be caused by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), as now recognised in international guidelines [1, 2]. The relationship between OSA and hypertension is well established, which has important consequences for the cardiovascular system [3, 4]. Many studies have shown an increase in the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in patients with OSA, independent of confounding factors, such as anthropometric parameters, alcohol consumption and smoking [5–8]. OSA is a recognised cause of hypertension that should be considered in any patient with high blood pressure, particularly in those with resistant hypertension [1, 2]. More than 50% of patients with OSA are hypertensive [7, 9] and more than 80% of patients with resistant hypertension also have OSA [10]. Hypertension related to OSA is predominantly nocturnal with a frequent non-dipper profile (which corresponds to a limited fall in nocturnal blood pressure) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure in the majority of patients [9, 11].

The mechanisms linking sleep apnoea and hypertension have …
Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma of Rats. Apparent Inhibition by X Irradiation
Authors: David V. Brown, Theodore A. Thorson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Journal Article Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma of Rats. Apparent Inhibition by X Irradiation Get access David V. Brown, M.D., David V. Brown, M.D. Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Hospital and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theodore A. Thorson, M.D. Theodore A. Thorson, M.D. Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Hospital and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 5, April 1956, Pages 1197–1205, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.5.1197 Published: 01 April 1956 Article history Received: 02 November 1955 Published: 01 April 1956
Acute Mediastinal Enlargement
Authors: Harold Simon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. John B. Little: A 72-year-old man was admitted with dysuria of approximately 4 weeks' duration. This had occurred sporadically throughout this 4-week period, but it occurred every day in the 2 or 3 days prior to admission. It was associated with burning, but little else; the burning was noted to occur throughout voiding. Shortly after admission an intravenous pyelogram was obtained. The interpretation was as follows: "Both kidneys function normally. There appears to be a soft tissue mass adjacent to the lower pole of the left kidney. In addition, there is marked trabeculation of the bladder with diverticula and a filling defect on the right lateral aspect of the bladder." At cystoscopy a 1-2 cm. mass was noted on the right side of the bladder. Biopsy showed this to be carcinoma. With this in mind, a chest film and metastatic series was performed and reported as follows: "There is
Naloxone for Treatment of Clonidine Overdose
Authors: Ken Kulig, James Duffy, Barry H. Rumack, Robert Mauro, Mark Gaylord
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  We would like to report the use of naloxone (Narcan) in the reversal of coma and apnea in a child who had ingested an unknown quantity of clonidine (Catapres).  Report of a Case.—  A 16-month-old, 9-kg girl was found by her mother with an open bottle of clonidine. A tablet of clonidine was found in the infant's mouth; no other medications were found in the home. When the child became sleepy shortly thereafter, she was taken to the local emergency room and on arrival suffered a respiratory arrest. She was quickly intubated and a physical examination indicated a blood pressure (BP) of 80 mm Hg, and a pulse rate of 90 beats per minute without spontaneous respirations. Her pupils were pinpoint, there was no evidence of head trauma, her neck was supple, her lungs were clear, and her heart, abdomen, and extremity examination was within normal limits.
Efficacy and safety of the Gardos channel blocker, senicapoc (ICA-17043), in patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Kenneth I. Ataga, Wally R. Smith, Laura M. De Castro, Paul Swerdlow, Yogen Saunthararajah, Oswaldo Castro, Elliot Vichinsky, Abdullah Kutlar, Eugene P. Orringer, Greg C. Rigdon, Jonathan W. Stocker
Journal: Blood (2008)
N-Myc Regulates a Widespread Euchromatic Program in the Human Genome Partially Independent of Its Role as a Classical Transcription Factor
Authors: Rebecca Cotterman, Victor X. Jin, Sheryl R. Krig, Jessica M. Lemen, Alice Wey, Peggy J. Farnham, Paul S. Knoepfler
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Myc proteins have long been modeled to operate strictly as classic gene-specific transcription factors; however, we find that N-Myc has a robust role in the human genome in regulating global cellular euchromatin, including that of intergenic regions. Strikingly, 90% to 95% of the total genomic euchromatic marks histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 and methylated at lysine 4 is N-Myc-dependent. However, Myc regulation of transcription, even of genes it directly binds and at which it is required for the maintenance of active chromatin, is generally weak. Thus, Myc has a much more potent ability to regulate large domains of euchromatin than to influence the transcription of individual genes. Overall, Myc regulation of chromatin in the human genome includes both specific genes, but also expansive genomic domains that invoke functions independent of a classic transcription factor. These findings support a new dual model for Myc chromatin function with important implications for the role of Myc in cancer and stem cell biology, including that of induced pluripotent stem cells.
Use of Trade Names of Drugs in Abstracts from Pain Congresses
Authors: Eduardo Bruera, Carla Ripamonti, Leaha Beattie-Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Several studies have addressed interactions between pharmaceutical companies and physicians with respect to continuing medical education, the provision of gifts and promotional materials, and research, analyzing whether and how these interactions affect the prescribing practices, attitudes, and behavior of physicians.1,2 We analyzed trends in the use of trade names in abstracts from or presentations at scientific meetings as a way of promoting a drug. The World Congress on Pain of the International Association for the Study of Pain, which takes place every three years, is an important forum for the dissemination of knowledge about the treatment . . .
Perception of Overweight by Mexican Physicians and Teachers
Authors: Arturo Jiménez-Cruz, Montserrat Bacardí-Gascón
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

curve was 0.69.The optimum cut point for identifying relapse represents ϳ8% of shots missed per week or one shot per week for an individual taking two shots a day.Contrary to previous reports, we find that nonadherence to an insulin regimen, rather than insulin use per se, is the dominant determinant of glycemic deterioration.Individuals missing as little as one insulin shot per week are at high risk for relapse.We have not excluded the possibility that nonadherence to insulin may be a marker for nonadherence to other self-care behaviors that may have also contributed to relapse.Still, strategies to improve adherence to insulin regimens are required to provide sustained glycemic control.
Alpha-skeletal muscle actin mRNA's accumulate in hypertrophied adult rat hearts.
Authors: K Schwartz, D de la Bastie, P Bouveret, P Oliviéro, S Alonso, M Buckingham
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Cardiac hypertrophy due to a chronic hemodynamic overload is accompanied by isoformic changes of two proteins of the thick filament of the sarcomere, myosin, and creatine phosphokinase. We have looked for isoactin changes, using deoxyribonucleic acid probes complementary to alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin messenger ribonucleic acids. Three groups of rats were studied at various days after application of a pressure overload (2-4 days, n = 13, 8-15 days, n = 5, and 30-40 days, n = 7) and were compared to control animals (n = 11). Whereas alpha-skeletal actin messenger ribonucleic acids were hardly detectable in the normal hearts (0.6 +/- 0.16%), they accumulated significantly in the first 4 days after the aortic stenosis (4.6 +/- 3.1%, p less than 0.001 vs. controls) and then slowly declined (8-15 days, 3.2 +/- 1.7% and 30-40 days, 1.6 +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.05 and NS vs. controls). This figure is similar to that observed in 8-day-old rats (2.27 +/- 0.3%, p less than 0.01 vs. controls). We conclude that, in rat myocardium, the expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the sarcomeric actins is altered at the onset of a pressure overload hypertrophy. Although the physiological significance of isoactin changes is unknown, our results show that the thin filament participates as well as the thick filament in the response of cardiac muscle to new functional requirements.
Health Care in the Age of Genetic Medicine
Authors: James P. Evans
Journal: JAMA (2007)

1. Freidson E. Professionalism: The Third Logic. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 2001. 2. Relman AS. A Second Opinion: Rescuing America’s Health Care. New York, NY: Public Affairs; 2007. 3. Special section: commercialism in medicine. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2007; 16(4):368-445. 4. Arrow KJ. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. Am Econ Rev. 1963;53(5):941-973. 5. Relman AS. The new medical-industrial complex. N Engl J Med. 1980;303 (17):963-997. 6. Bodenheimer T. Primary care: will it survive? N Engl J Med. 2006;355(9): 861-863. 7. Goldfarb v Virginia State Bar, 421 US 773 (1975). 8. American Medical Association. Opinions and Reports of the Judicial Council. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 1966. 9. DeAngelis CD. Rainbow to dark clouds. JAMA. 2005;294(9):1107. 10. Relman AS. Separating continuing medical education from pharmaceutical marketing. JAMA. 2001;285(15):2009-2012. 11. Herzlinger RE, ed. Consumer-Driven Health Care: Implications for Providers, Payers and Policy-Makers. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2004. 12. Cohen JJ, Cruess S, Davidson C. Alliance between society and medicine: the public’s stake in medical professionalism. JAMA. 2007;298(6):670-673.
Variants at IRF5-TNPO3, 17q12-21 and MMEL1 are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Gideon M Hirschfield, Xiangdong Liu, Younghun Han, Ivan P Gorlov, Yan Lu, Chun Xu, Yue Lu, Wei Chen, Brian D Juran, Catalina Coltescu, Andrew L Mason, Piotr Milkiewicz, Robert P Myers, Joseph A Odin, Velimir A Luketic, Danute Speiciene, Catherine Vincent, Cynthia Levy, Peter K Gregersen, Jinyi Zhang, E Jenny Heathcote, Konstantinos N Lazaridis, Christopher I Amos, Katherine A Siminovitch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Thoughts on Research — Everybody's Business — Anglo-American Medical Society
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

NOT only in medicine but throughout the scientific field the present emphasis on research produces many problems. In university departments it is often difficult to strike a balance between teaching and research. Appointment committees lay so much stress on research records and the list of publications that candidates can claim to their credit that postgraduate students think they must engage in research, sometimes without due regard for their aptitude. At the same time, many research projects are hindered by the lack of suitable accommodation and financial support.In a special article in the Times, Professor N. F. Mott, Cavendish Professor . . .
Identification of common variants influencing risk of the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Günter U Höglinger, Nadine M Melhem, Dennis W Dickson, Patrick M A Sleiman, Li-San Wang, Lambertus Klei, Rosa Rademakers, Rohan de Silva, Irene Litvan, David E Riley, John C van Swieten, Peter Heutink, Zbigniew K Wszolek, Ryan J Uitti, Jana Vandrovcova, Howard I Hurtig, Rachel G Gross, Walter Maetzler, Stefano Goldwurm, Eduardo Tolosa, Barbara Borroni, Pau Pastor, Laura B Cantwell, Mi Ryung Han, Allissa Dillman, Marcel P van der Brug, J Raphael Gibbs, Mark R Cookson, Dena G Hernandez, Andrew B Singleton, Matthew J Farrer, Chang-En Yu, Lawrence I Golbe, Tamas Revesz, John Hardy, Andrew J Lees, Bernie Devlin, Hakon Hakonarson, Ulrich Müller, Gerard D Schellenberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Ex Vivo Staining of Metastatic Lymph Nodes by Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Tetramers Reveals High Numbers of Antigen-experienced Tumor-specific Cytolytic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Pedro Romero, P. Rod Dunbar, Danila Valmori, Mikaël Pittet, Graham S. Ogg, Donata Rimoldi, Ji-Li Chen, Danielle Liénard, Jean-Charles Cerottini, Vincenzo Cerundolo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Characterization of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to tumor antigens has been impeded by a lack of direct assays of CTL activity. We have synthesized reagents (“tetramers”) that specifically stain CTLs recognizing melanoma antigens. Tetramer staining of tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes ex vivo revealed high frequencies of tumor-specific CTLs which were antigen-experienced by surface phenotype. In vitro culture of lymph node cells with cytokines resulted in very large expansions of tumor-specific CTLs that were dependent on the presence of tumor cells in the lymph nodes. Tetramer-guided sorting by flow cytometer allowed isolation of melanoma-specific CTLs and confirmation of their specificity and their ability to lyse autologous tumor cells. Our results demonstrate the value of these novel reagents for monitoring tumor-specific CTL responses and for generating CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy. These data also indicate that strong CTL responses to melanoma often occur in vivo, and that the reactive CTLs have substantial proliferative and tumoricidal potential.
Insulin Therapy Does Not Itself Induce Weight Gain in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Etienne Larger, Pierre Rufat, Danièle Dubois-Laforgue, Séverine Ledoux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Of obese individuals who lose weight by dieting, >90% eventually return to their original weight; one- to two-thirds of the lost weight is regained within 1 year, and almost all is regained within 5 years. This suggests that body weight is physiologically controlled and that weight changes, in either direction, elicit a potent counter response that resists the change (1). This should also hold true when weight loss is attributable to high blood glucose levels and/or insulin deficiency. Insulin is often first prescribed to type 2 diabetic patients after a period of poor metabolic control by oral agents; this period may be accompanied by weight loss due to insulin deficiency and/or the poor metabolic control itself. We postulated that the weight gain observed during insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes may simply correspond to re-expression of their physiologically controlled body weight. We tested the hypothesis that insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients might return to the previous maximal weight they reached before the onset of diabetes- and insulin deficiency–induced weight loss.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 58 patients with type 2 diabetes who required insulin because of poor metabolic control, despite dietary measures and maximal-dose oral agents (e.g., glibenclamide 15 mg/day and metformin 1,700 mg/day). Insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study if they met the following criteria: 1 ) diagnosis of …
The Lost Decade of Nesiritide
Authors: Eric J. Topol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The concept of the "lost decade" is typically attributed to the Japanese economy in the 1990s, when there was exceptionally little or weak economic growth, amid unprofitable zombie firms and liquidity traps.1 With the financial collapse in the United States in 2008, some economists have forecast the potential for a similar circumstance in this country.2 But there are other places to find lost decades.Unfortunately, the "lost decade" can now also be applied to the deficient clinical development of certain pharmaceutical agents. In this issue of the Journal, O'Connor and colleagues3 report the results of a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial . . .
Is there Such a Disease as Acute Primary Mania?
Authors: W. H. O. Sankey
Journal: BMJ (1873)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OLURNAL.most instances, were not originally built as sewers, but as drains; a sewer is a conduit for the removal of fouled water ; a drain is a channel for the removal of mere superfluous water, the object being to dry the soil.The pattern of all our old sewers, the Cloaca blaxima at Rome, was ,originally a drain; it was constructed by Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth King of Rome, 6oo years c., to drain the marshy ground between the
Americans are drinking less alcohol, Framingham study says
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Alcohol consumption among participants in the Framingham heart study has steadily decreased over the past 50 years and probably indicates a change in the drinking habits of white non-Hispanic US men and women, according to a study in the American Journal of Medicine (2008; 121:695-701, doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.03.013)

The average amount of alcohol used has decreased, the percentage of people reporting moderate use has steadily increased, and the percentage reporting heavy drinking has decreased. Because moderate drinking may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and other diseases of ageing, the study results are “encouraging,” the authors write.

The study grouped participants in the original Framingham heart study, begun in 1948, and …
A novel protein family of neuronal modulators
Authors: Ken Takamatsu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract A number of proteins homologous to recoverin have been identified in the brains of the several vertebrate species. The brainderived members originally contain four EF-hand domains, but NH 2- terminal domain is aberrant. Many of these proteins inhibited light-induced rhodopsin phosphorylation at high [Ca 2+ ], suggesting that the brain-derived members may act as a Ca 2+ -sensitive modulator of receptor phosphorylation, as recoverin does.
AIDS conference: another dose of junket medicine
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> We analyzed the natural course of conservatively treated osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from VERTOS II, a randomized trial of vertebroplasty and conservative therapy in 202 patients with vertebral compression fractures. We assessed the proportion of patients who developed chronic back pain and possible risk factors. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> In VERTOS II, the VAS score was assessed at regular intervals until 1 year follow-up. We followed 95 conservatively treated patients until sufficient pain relief, defined as a VAS score ≤3. These patients were censured at the involved follow-up interval. In addition, baseline clinical and imaging data, and class of pain medication used in patients with a VAS score ≤3 at any follow-up interval were compared with those in patients with a VAS score &gt;3 at every follow-up by using logistic regression analysis. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> During 1 year of follow-up, 57 of 95 patients (60%) had sufficient pain relief with VAS scores ≤3. Thirty-eight patients (40%) still had pain with VAS-scores ≥4 at the last follow-up interval of 12 months, despite the use of higher class pain medication. Statistical analysis showed no risk factors. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> In the VERTOS II trial, most conservatively treated patients with acute osteoporotic compression fractures had sufficient pain relief during the first 3 months. However, after 1 year, a substantial proportion of patients still had disabling pain despite higher class pain medication used. There were no predictors for the development of chronic pain. Patients with continuing pain ≥3 months after the fracture may be candidates for vertebroplasty.
Opening up BMJ peer review
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 23 Education and debate p 44 

The BMJ has until now used a closed system of peer review, where the authors do not know who has reviewed their papers. The reviewers do, however, know the names of the authors. Most medical journals use the same system, but it's based on custom not evidence. Now we plan to let authors know the identity of reviewers. Soon we are likely to open up the whole system so that anybody interested can see the whole process on the world wide web. The change is based on evidence and an ethical argument.

Peer review is at the heart of the scientific process yet was until recently largely unexamined. Now we begin to have a body of evidence on peer review (www.wame.org), and it illustrates many defects. Peer review is slow, expensive, profligate of academic time, highly subjective, prone to bias, easily abused, poor at detecting gross defects, and almost useless for detecting fraud. Evidence to support all these statements can be found in a book by Stephen …
Editorial: Coronary arteriography. Standards of excellence for the Community Hospital
Authors: J. C. Manley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The article by Weaver and co-workers (p 819) is a good article, demonstrating again that a very useful but potentially dangerous procedure can be well done at a low risk in a nonuniversity hospital. It also contains an excellent review of the literature. There is, however, no discussion in the article regarding the quality of angiography being performed at their community hospital and whether any of the angiography had to be repeated at the institution where the coronary bypass surgery was performed. Furthermore, from my own experience and that of my colleagues, some of their conclusions appear to differ from ours.<sup>1-3</sup> Our experience at St Luke's Hospital (Milwaukee) (a community hospital with university affiliation) has recently undergone review for the years 1973 to 1974 (more than 3,200 consecutive coronary angiograms). Our experience began most intensively seven years ago with our preoperative and postoperative assessment of patients undergoing bypass revascularization