tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Nocebo Effects to Optimize Treatment Outcome
Authors: Ulrike Bingel
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effects of Alkalosis upon Ketone Body Production and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Man
Authors: S. R. Lipsky, B. J. Alper, M. E. Rubini, W. F. Van Eck, M. E. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Available evidence from animal investigation suggests that changes in pH can alter carbohydrate and ketone metabolism.Guest and Rawson (1) observed a distinct inverse relationship between blood sugar content and pH in rats.In the fasting animal, alkalosis was found to enhance ketosis and decrease liver glycogen (2).In human studies, Beumer and Soecknick (3) and Porges and Lip- schiutz (4) noted the early appearance of ace- tonuria in patients on subcaloric diets treated with sodium bicarbonate.The present study was undertaken to define some of the metabolic changes attendant upon the acute administration of large amounts of alkali to normal and diabetic individuals in the postabsorptive state.Because of the known ketogenic activity (5) of acetic acid and the key position occupied by the 2-carbon fragment "acetate" in the intermediary metabolism of various foodstuffs (6), it was decided to compare the effect of alkalosis induced by sodium acetate to that of sodium bi- carbonate. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AND METHODSAn infusion of an isotonic solution consisting of 20.5 gm. of sodium acetate dissolved in 1600 cc. of distilled water was administered intravenously at a constant rate over a two hour period in all experiments.Eleven of the subjects, four medical students and seven patients hospitalized for minor ailments, were young adult males without evidence of disturbances of hepatic function or carbohydrate metabolism.Of the nine male diabetic sub- jects selected with ages ranging from 25 to 55 years, two patients, J. Z. and A. C., required no insulin, being con- trolled by diet alone.Both had undergone leg amputa- tions for peripheral vascular disease six months prior to study.The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was well sub- stantiated before operation by the usual clinical and lab- 1 U.
The psych and inflammatory skin disease
Authors: B. Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article The psych and inflammatory skin disease Get access B. Kirby B. Kirby St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 5, 1 May 2012, Page 911, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10909.x Published: 01 May 2012
Antilipaemic Agent without Anticoagulant Action
Authors: E. M. M. Besterman, J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1957)

BENACTYZINE MEDICJRLDouble blind controlled trials and improved methods of assessment of the patient's condition are very time- consuming; they are nevertheless essential in studying the effects of drugs on psychiatric patients in order to circumvent the capacity for unwitting self-deception which both psychiatrists and their patients display.We thank Mr. N. W. Blacow, chief pharmacist of the General Infirmary at Leeds, for supervising the coding and dispensing of the substances under trial; and Glaxo Laboratories Ltd. for the gift of " suavitil " brand benactyzine and the matched inert tablets used in the trial.
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction in Cancer.
Authors: B. J. Kennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Adrenocortical Hyperfunction in Cancer.B. J. Kennedy, M.D., F.A.C.P.B. J. Kennedy, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1045_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdrenocortical hyperfunction has occurred in association with carcinomas not originating in the adrenal glands. These cancers included those from the bronchus, thymus, pancreas, and prostate. The syndrome has been characterized by an acute onset, occurrence in young adults, and a short duration of life. The fulminating course appears to be due to the adrenal cortical overactivity.Three patients have been studied: (1) a 23-year-old female with a small-cell carcinoma of the thyroid with extensive metastases, bilateral pheochromecytoma, and hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex; (2) a 33-year-old male with Hodgkin's disease and adrenal hyperfunction; and (3) a 57-year-old male with metastatic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1045-1045KeywordsAdrenal cortexAdrenal glandsHodgkin lymphomaPancreasThymusThyroid carcinomaYoung adults Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Letter: Thrombocytopenia during treatment with clonazepam.
Authors: R M Veall, H C Hogarth
Journal: BMJ (1975)

as safe as Dr Jackson-Moore believes them to be; they undoubtedly have great promnise.Nevertlheless, at the present time we would reconmmend for at-risk patients an up-to-date inactivated vaccine rather than live A/England vaccine.-ED,BM7.Thrombocytopenia during treatment with clonazepam SIR,-We think it is desirable to publicise as a matter of some urgency a potentially dangerous thrombocytopenia developing probably as a reaction to the drug clonaze- pam (Rivotril).
New Radionuclide Tracers for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: C A HOEFNAGEL, C C DELPRAT, D ZANIN, J B van der SCHOOT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a calcitonin-producing tumor that occurs in familial and sporadic forms, can be monitored satisfactorily with measurements of calcitonin and CEA in serum. However, locating the tumor site may be difficult. In the current review of the experience with four new radionuclide tracers for MTC, the relative value of each of these procedures is outlined. Total body imaging using TI-201 chloride and Tc-99m(V) DMSA are both sensitive techniques that can be used for the detection and follow-up of MTC. Imaging using I-131 MIBG and I-131 anti-CEA antibodies/fragments should be performed once the diagnosis and the tumor site have been established, to evaluate if patients might be amenable for therapy with one of these radiopharmaceuticals.
Computer Applications to Private Office Practice
Authors: Edward B. Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The practicing physician is bombarded daily with ads for computers. The stated or implied benefits are a vastly improved collection rate, smoother flow of paper through the office, and participation in the great revolution of the 1980s.  There is a great need for an introductory text that will logically introduce the practicing physician with little or no computer background to what computers are, will do, and have to offer. This book, however, is not the one to fill that need. It appears at times to be an almost random collection of thoughts about computers in the office.  There is no clear distinction between what is now available and what is possible. With computers, most things are possible, but the cost and time involved frequently make many applications inappropriate. An example from page 82: [I]n the past, there was a major barrier between human language and computer input. This barrier has
A viral protein that selectively downregulates ICAM-1 and B7-2 and modulates T cell costimulation
Authors: Laurent Coscoy, Don Ganem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma–associated (KS-associated) herpesvirus (KSHV) is a B-lymphotropic agent linked to AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disorders and KS. We and others have earlier identified two viral genes, K3 and K5, that encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins that downregulate surface MHC-I chains by enhancing their endocytosis. Here we have examined the ability of these proteins to influence the disposition of other host surface proteins implicated in immune recognition and activation. We report that K5, but not K3, expression in BJAB cells dramatically reduces ICAM-1 and B7-2 surface expression; B7-1 expression is unaffected. This K5-induced reduction can be reversed by coexpression of a dominant negative mutant of dynamin, indicating that the loss of ICAM and B7-2 surface expression is due to their enhanced endocytosis. This downregulation is functionally significant, because K5-transfected B cells show substantial impairment in their ability to induce T cell activation. K5 is thus the first example of a viral modulator of immunological synapse formation and T cell costimulation. We propose that its expression reduces T cell responses to KSHV-infected B cells early in infection, thereby diminishing antiviral cytokine release and the production of stimulatory signals for CTL generation.
531 Expression of T regulatory cell-associated genes in the liver of patients with hepatitis C: Implications on viral chronification
Authors: E. Larrea, J.I. Riezu-Boj, L. Gil-Guerrero, N. Casares, R. Aldabe, P. Sarobe, M.P. Civeira, J. Quiroga, L. Guembe, F. Borrás-Cuesta, J.J. Lasarte, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Camphor Intoxication Treated by Resin Hemoperfusion
Authors: Robert Kopelman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

POISONING from camphor ingestion has been reported periodically for more than 140 years.<sup>1</sup>Morbidity is significant, and 20 deaths have been reported.<sup>1,2</sup>Camphor is listed in the Toxicology Rating System as "class 4, very toxic," with a probable human lethal dose in the range of 50 to 500 mg/kg.<sup>3</sup>It is rapidly absorbed after oral ingestion,<sup>4</sup>and there is no known antidote. Lipid hemodialysis has been the only reported technique for removal of absorbed camphor.<sup>5</sup>In the course of treating a patient who had ingested camphorated oil, hemoperfusion through amberlite resin was used and shown to be a new, effective, and less cumbersome therapeutic modality. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old man came to the emergency department at 1:30 AM because of abdominal distress. A friend who accompanied him indicated that the patient had ingested part of the contents of a 120-ml bottle that contained
Review of maternity patients suitable for home delivery
Authors: M. S Wolfson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

age of 70 where histological diagnosis may occasionally be difficult, for in the eighth to tenth decades many senile plaques without neurofibrillary tangles may occasionally be present in demented subjects, and this finding, though uncommon, is found in some nondemented individuals.At any age, however, numerous neurofibrillary tangles in the neocortex are restricted to the demented population, so the biopsy diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is possible in the great majority of cases at any age.Cerebral biopsy is not justified in this disorder more because of ethical reasons and lack of effective therapy rather than difficulties with interpreting the neuro- pathology.
515 LENTIVIRAL ‘GENE ONTOLOGY’ (LEGO) VECTORS ENABLE HIGHLY EFFICIENT EX VIVO TRANSDUCTION OF HEPATOCYTES SUITABLE FOR CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: M. Warlich, K. Weber, M. Thomaschewski, M. Lütgehetmann, T. Volz, J.M. Pollok, S. Gersting, J. Borsch, R. Santer, K. Ullrich, A.W. Lohse, M. Dandri, B. Fehse, D. Benten
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF LIVER AND LIVER EXTRACT ON DIABETES IN A CASE OF COMBINED PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND DIABETES
Authors: Byron D. Bowen
Journal: JAMA (1930)

This case is being reported primarily to record the comparative effect of whole liver and liver extract on diabetes in a case of combined pernicious anemia and diabetes. It is, moreover, of some interest to add another case of this association to the seven already on record, as recently reported by Hitzrot.<sup>1</sup>This combination of diseases is in all probability coincidental, although they do have some possible predisposing points in common: the majority of the cases of each occur at the same age period; both are more frequent in persons who are overweight, and the achylia gastrica that so frequently precedes pernicious anemia is rather common in diabetes, as was shown by Bowen and Aaron,<sup>2</sup>and later by others. In 1929, Blotner and Murphy<sup>3</sup>presented what appeared to be substantial evidence that raw liver pulp and a fraction of liver extract had definite blood sugar reducing properties.
<i>Reg IV:</i> A Promising Marker of Hormone Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhennan Gu, Mark A. Rubin, Yu Yang, Samuel E. Deprimo, Hongjuan Zhao, Steven Horvath, James D. Brooks, Massimo Loda, Robert E. Reiter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The diagnosis and management of prostate cancer is hampered by the absence of markers capable of identifying patients with metastatic disease. In order to identify potential new markers for prostate cancer, we compared gene expression signatures of matched androgen-dependent and hormone refractory prostate cancer xenografts. One candidate gene overexpressed in a hormone refractory xenograft was homologous to the regenerating protein gene family, a group of secreted proteins expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and overexpressed in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This gene, Reg IV, was confirmed to be differentially expressed in the LAPC-9 hormone refractory xenograft. Consistent with its up-regulation in a hormone refractory xenograft, it is expressed in several prostate tumors after neoadjuvant hormone ablation therapy. As predicted by its sequence homology, it is secreted from transiently transfected cells. It is also expressed strongly in a majority of hormone refractory metastases represented on two high-density tissue microarrays. In comparison, it is not expressed by any normal prostate specimens and only at low levels in ∼40% of primary tumors. These data support Reg IV as a candidate marker for hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer.
Arteriovenous Fistula After Femoral Vein Catheterization
Authors: Thomas J. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Percutaneous femoral vein catheterization is a relatively safe and rapid means of obtaining a blood access route for hemodialysis.<sup>1</sup>It is especially useful in emergency situations or when existing sites for arteriovenous (AV) prosthetic shunts are exhausted. Reported complications include inadvertent puncture of the femoral artery resulting in a periarterial hematoma,<sup>2</sup>femoral vein thrombosis, and retroperitoneal bleeding.<sup>3</sup>To our knowledge, the development of an AV fistula following femoral vein catheterization for hemodialysis has not previously been reported. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 29-year-old woman with chronic renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis underwent a cadaveric renal transplant Jan 15, 1976. Her immediate postoperative course was complicated by two rejection episodes; she was treated with methylprednisolone intravenously. At discharge on Feb 11, 1976, the patient had a serum creatinine value of 1.2 mg/100 ml and was taking 100 mg azathioprine (Imuran) and 30 mg prednisone.
The precautionary principle in environmental science.
Authors: D Kriebel, J Tickner, P Epstein, J Lemons, R Levins, E L Loechler, M Quinn, R Rudel, T Schettler, M Stoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Environmental scientists play a key role in society's responses to environmental problems, and many of the studies they perform are intended ultimately to affect policy. The precautionary principle, proposed as a new guideline in environmental decision making, has four central components: taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty; shifting the burden of proof to the proponents of an activity; exploring a wide range of alternatives to possibly harmful actions; and increasing public participation in decision making. In this paper we examine the implications of the precautionary principle for environmental scientists, whose work often involves studying highly complex, poorly understood systems, while at the same time facing conflicting pressures from those who seek to balance economic growth and environmental protection. In this complicated and contested terrain, it is useful to examine the methodologies of science and to consider ways that, without compromising integrity and objectivity, research can be more or less helpful to those who would act with precaution. We argue that a shift to more precautionary policies creates opportunities and challenges for scientists to think differently about the ways they conduct studies and communicate results. There is a complicated feedback relation between the discoveries of science and the setting of policy. While maintaining their objectivity and focus on understanding the world, environmental scientists should be aware of the policy uses of their work and of their social responsibility to do science that protects human health and the environment. The precautionary principle highlights this tight, challenging linkage between science and policy.
Bitter Melon (<i>Momordica charantia</i>) Extract Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Modulating Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes and Promotes Apoptosis
Authors: Ratna B. Ray, Amit Raychoudhuri, Robert Steele, Pratibha Nerurkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United States. Although there are effective drugs for treating advanced stages of breast cancers, women eventually develop resistance. One of the approaches to control breast cancer is prevention through diet, which inhibits one or more neoplastic events and reduces cancer risk. In this study, we have used human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and primary human mammary epithelial cells as an in vitro model to assess the efficacy of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract (BME) as an anticancer agent. BME treatment of breast cancer cells resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis of breast cancer cells was accompanied by increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase activation. Subsequent studies showed that BME treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited survivin and claspin expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis suggested that MCF-7 cells treated with BME accumulated during the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. Further studies revealed that BME treatment enhanced p53, p21, and pChk1/2 and inhibited cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expression, suggesting an additional mechanism involving cell cycle regulation. Together, these results show that BME modulates signal transduction pathways for inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and can be used as a dietary supplement for prevention of breast cancer.
Obesity, Mortality, and Bariatric Surgery Death Rates
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Bennet I. Omalu, MD, MPH; Diane G. Ives, MPH; Alhaji M. Buhari, MA, MSIE; Jennifer L. Lindner, DO; Philip R. Schauer, MD; Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD; Lewis H. Kuller, MD, DrPHBackgroundBariatric surgery has emerged as the most effective treatment for class III obesity (body mass index, ≥40). The number of operations continues to increase. We measured case fatality and death rates by time since operation, sex, age, specific causes of death, and mortality rates.Design and SettingData on all bariatric operations performed on Pennsylvania residents between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2004, were obtained from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost and Containment Council. Matching mortality data were obtained from the Division of Vital Records, Pennsylvania State Department of Health.Outcome MeasuresAge- and sex-specific death rates after bariatric surgery.ResultsThere were 440 deaths after 16 683 operations (2.6%). Age-specific death rates were much higher in men than in women and increased with age. Age- and sex-specific death rates after bariatric surgery were substantially higher than comparable rates for the age- and sex-matched Pennsylvania population. The 1-year case fatality rate was approximately 1% and nearly 6% at 5 years. Less than 1% of deaths occurred within the first 30 days. Fatality increased substantially with age (especially among those &gt;65 years), with little evidence of change over time. Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of death overall, being cited as the cause of death in 76 patients (19.2%). Therapeutic complications accounted for 38 of 150 natural deaths within the first 30 days, including pulmonary embolism in 31 (20.7%), coronary heart disease in 26 (17.3%), and sepsis in 17 (11.3%).ConclusionsThere was a substantial excess of deaths owing to suicide and coronary heart disease. Careful monitoring of bariatric surgical procedures and more intense follow-up could likely reduce the long-term case fatality rate in this patient population.
Resuscitation in pregnancy article omitted several points
Authors: R. Varma
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Morris and Stacey in their clinical review of resuscitation in pregnancy should have mentioned several points.1 As the primary indication for caesarean section is saving the mother, saving the baby being secondary if it is at a viable gestation, no time should be wasted in auscultation for fetal heart rate before the caesarean. A neonatologist should be available to resuscitate the …