tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Combined Drug Therapy on Metastatic Cancer of the Testis
Authors: Min C. Li
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Advanced cancer of the testis was treated in 36 patients with different combinations of an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, and the antitumor antibiotic actinomycin D. Of 23 patients treated with the three classes of drug in combination, 12 gave evidence of tumor regression. Of 9 patients treated with an alkylating agent and actinomycin D, 2 showed resolution of pulmonary metastases. Of 8 patients treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), one responded. Of the 15 respondents, 10 had choriocarcinoma with or without embryonal carcinoma and teratocarcinoma or both. Tumor regression was associated with a fall of urinary chorionic gonadotropin titer. Side-effects occurred but proved reversible, and they were accepted as hazards of the treatment because of the striking improvement obtained in some cases.
The design and implementation of a community breast cancer screening project
Authors: D. G. Sienko, J. R. Osuch, C. Garlinghouse, V. Rakowski, B. Given
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

A breast cancer screening program offers a community the opportunity to highlight and address an important health issue. This article has described the important elements of any such screening effort. To be successful, the program will require a multidisciplinary cadre of health care professionals working collaboratively throughout all phases of the planning, screening, and follow-up process. An agency should be identified to lead these professionals and monitor the progress of the screening effort. These screening programs can have direct and indirect benefits in the community. The direct benefits include improved access and delivery of health services, particularly those that meet state-of-the-art quality standards. The indirect benefits involve the promotion of breast cancer screening through education of women and providers about good breast health practices. As our experience in Michigan has shown, efforts featuring a broad coalition of forces can foster debate and discussion throughout the community and ultimately lead to improvements in the delivery of breast cancer screening services.
t(X;14)(p22;q32)/t(Y;14)(p11;q32) CRLF2-IGH translocations from human B-lineage ALLs involve CpG-type breaks at CRLF2, but CRLF2/P2RY8 intrachromosomal deletions do not
Authors: Albert G. Tsai, Akinori Yoda, David M. Weinstock, Michael R. Lieber
Journal: Blood (2010)
Impotence in Diabetes: The Neurologic Factor
Authors: MAX ELLENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

This study was undertaken to elucidate the factor(s) underlying the frequent occurrence of impotence in diabetic men. A neurogenic basis was suspected because potency depends on the autonomic nervous system, which is frequently involved in diabetic neuropathy. Since the nerves concerned with potency and micturition are identical, neurogenic bladder studies were performed. Of 45 impotent diabetics with an average age of 43.2 years, 37 had neurogenic vesical abnormalities, and 38 had neuropathy. Of 30 potent diabetics with an average age of 42.7 years, only 3 had bladder involvement, and 6 had neuropathy. A random survey of 200 diabetic men showed 59% to be impotent; 82% of these had neuropathy. Of the 41% who were potent, 12% had neuropathy. This was unrelated to severity or duration of diabetes. To evaluate a possible endocrine role, plasma testosterone levels were measured and found to be normal. Therapeutic trials with testosterone were without benefit. The results imply a significant neuropathic factor in diabetic impotence and minimize an endocrine basis.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: JACOB LERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The thyroid is a gland of internal secretion whose chief function, so far as is known, is the elaboration and storage of its own peculiar hormone, namely, thyroglobulin, or the amino acid thyroxin contained therein. Originally it was a gland taking part in digestion. In the course of evolutionary changes, it has lost its connection with the alimentary tract. As Means<sup>1</sup>aptly said, "For a rôle in digestion it has substituted a rôle in growth and metabolism." To fulfil these functions, it is endowed with tremendous capacities for increasing or decreasing its activities, manifested by changes in size, blood supply, microscopic appearance and hormone content. In man the thyroid attains its relative maximum size just prior to puberty, corresponding to the time of maximum load on the organ from factors of growth and development. Simple colloid goiter, so common at this age, is the clinical manifestation of this physiologic
STRICTURE OF URETHRA, ORGANIC; URINARY FISTULA; CYSTITIS, AND IRRITATIVE CANCER OF SCROTUM, INVOLVING TESTICLES AND URETHRA; RECOVERY.
Authors: HENRY W. SAWTELLE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Though strictures of the urethra are frequent, particularly among our seamen, a report of the case herewith submitted presents unusual complications which may be of interest to those especially interested in genito-urinary surgery. <i>The subject of this report</i>was admitted to the U. S. Marine Hospital, Chicago, June 19, 1898. He is a white, aged 52, a native of Wisconsin; occupation, marine engineer. Family history is good and his general health has always been excellent, barring the present lesion. He states that he has had a stricture of the urethra for 23 years, that internal urethrotomy was performed in 1893, after which he passed a sound himself occasionally, also that he made a false passage while passing a sound four days previous to admission. <i>When admitted</i>there was a small opening, about 2 cm. in diameter, which was gangrenous, at the middle portion of the scrotum, through which urine escaped
Higher Ca2+ sensitivity of triton-skinned guinea pig mesenteric microarteries as compared with large arteries.
Authors: P J Boels, M Troschka, J C Rüegg, G Pfitzer
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Small mesenteric resistance arteries and the main branch of the mesenteric artery (outer in situ diameter 115 +/- 3 microns [n = 76] and greater than 1,000 microns, respectively) were skinned with 1% Triton X-100. Both preparations were mounted as rings for circumferential force measurement in an EGTA solution (free Ca2+, less than 10 nM; calmodulin, 0.3 microM; pH 6.7). Force-pCa curves were obtained by increasing free Ca2+ (0.05 to 30 microM). The resulting dose-dependent contractions, after normalization to maximal force development (arteries, 21.4 +/- 2.4 [n = 3]; arterioles, 15.3 +/- 2.1 mN/mm2 [n = 5]) were fitted to sigmoidal force-pCa curves. Values of ED50 and of the cooperativity factor h were 6.08 and 2.39 in arterioles and 5.64 and 1.64 in arteries. The higher Ca2+ sensitivity of arteriolar preparations remained at pH 7.0 at higher calmodulin concentrations and after inhibition of smooth muscle phosphatase with okadaic acid. Total myosin light chain kinase activity in crude arteriolar extracts (using [gamma-32P] ATP and isolated gizzard light chains as substrates) was approximately 25% of arterial kinase. Both kinase preparations had identical Ca2+ sensitivities. Likewise, total arteriolar phosphatase activity (using 32P-labeled gizzard light chains) was approximately 25% of the arterial activity; both phosphatases had an identical sensitivity toward okadaic acid. The ratio of kinase/phosphatase activities was identical in both tissues. Extracts of both tissues contained two isozymes of the myosin heavy chain as determined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Who’s Afraid of the Empowered Patient?
Authors: Delia Chiaramonte
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COSMETICS — PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: JOHN GODWIN DOWNING
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Cosmetics and vanity are twins and can be traced by the most ancient historical documents to the earliest records of which burials have been found; from the Egyptian tombs there is evidence that the ancients used eye and face paints, oils, solid fats and perfumes. The two most common eye paints were malachite (a green ore of copper) and galena (a dark gray ore of lead), the latter ultimately replacing the former as the principal eye paint of the country. These substances were placed in graves in small linen or leather bags in the crude form. The prepared form, called kohl, has been found in shells, in segments of hollow reeds, wrapped in leaves of plants, and in small vases.<sup>1</sup>Kohl was found either as a paste (now dried) or as a powder, and analyses by Barthoux<sup>2</sup>and Lucas<sup>3</sup>showed that the material in 64 per cent
Glenberg's embodied memory: Less than meets the eye
Authors: Robert G. Crowder, Heidi E. Wenk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

We are sympathetic to most of what Glenberg says in his target article, but we consider it common wisdom rather than something radically new. Others have argued persuasively against the idea of abstraction in cognition, for example. On the other hand, Hebbian connectionism cannot get along without the idea of association, at least at the neural level.
Long-Term Management of Patients After Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Clive Kearon
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) focuses mainly on the duration of anticoagulant therapy, usually with vitamin K (VK) antagonists. The duration of therapy should be individualized based on the risk of recurrent VTE if treatment were stopped and the risk of bleeding if treatment were continued. The risk of recurrence is low if thrombosis was provoked by a major reversible risk factor such as surgery; 3 months of treatment is usually adequate for such patients. The risk of recurrence is high if thrombosis was unprovoked ("idiopathic") or associated with an irreversible risk factor such as cancer; anticoagulant treatment for at least 6 months, and often indefinitely, is indicated for such patients. Risk of recurrence is intermediate if thrombosis was associated with a minor transient risk factor; such patients can be treated for 3 to 6 months. Within each of these categories, presentation as pulmonary embolism, >1 previous VTE, an underlying malignancy, an antiphospholipid antibody, or selected hereditary thrombophilic states favor more prolonged therapy, whereas isolated distal deep vein thrombosis, high risk of bleeding, and patient preference favor shorter treatment. The optimal intensity of anticoagulant therapy with VK antagonists corresponds to a target international normalized ratio of 2.5 (range, 2.0 to 3.0). Long-term treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin is an alternative to VK-antagonist therapy and is usually preferable in patients with active cancer. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors also appear suitable for long-term prevention of recurrent VTE but await regulatory approval and comparison with VK antagonists.
Notes of a Visit to the Military Hospitals of the Continent
Authors: A. A. Gore
Journal: BMJ (1877)

France where consumption is so prevalent amongst the native popu- lation as at Montpelier and Marseilles.'$Dr. Journ&e's tables upon phthisis in Italy show that the same is the case in that country.Dr. Meryon (Lancet, July i85o) says: " Had I leisure, I could collect facts to prove that there are more natives (not strangers, but born and bred in the place) who die of consumption in Nice than in any town in England of the same amount of population."My colleague Dr. Pollock, who practised for many years in Rome, states that, " in no country is consumption so rapidly fatal as in Genoa, Florence, and Naples" (Medical Gazette, vol.xlvi).Madeira itself, so long the "city of refuge" of our phthisical countrymen, forms no exception.Dr. Mason says that consumption and scrofula are frequent there
A Clinical Lecture ON FEEDING IN GASTRIC ULCER: Delivered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Authors: L. Brunton
Journal: BMJ (1902)

GENTLEMEN,-I have lectured to you before on the gastric ulcer, and I told you that the usual plan when cases of this disease come into the hospital put them upon rectal feeding for some days-from days -according to the severity of the case; and t/hen gradually to feed them with small quantities by Under this treatment they generally recovei so that we are able to get them out of the hospital about six weeks.There is another case at present, however, in Mr. Cripps's came in with the perforation, operated upon.The ulcer with a good difficulty.The abdomenwas out, the ulcer stitched up, and the girl is now ingly well.One of the cases in Elizabeth Waid
Double-guidewire technique using a novel ERCP cannula for hepatic hilar obstruction
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Daisuke Masuda, Akira Imoto, Rieko Kamiyama, Eiji Umegaki, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) for hepatic hilar obstruction is sometimes challenging. Moreover, when unilateral biliary drainage has already been performed, if another intrahepatic bile duct also needs to be drained, EBD may be made more difficult because of tumor ingrowth and the narrowed angle from which the bile duct must be accessed. In this case, percutaneous biliary drainage (PTBD) or endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), especially EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS), may be indicated. However, PTBD is known to be associated with several adverse events such as cholangitis, biliary leakage, and pneumothorax [1], and EUS-HGS is associated with adverse events such as bile peritonitis, cholangitis, and potentially fatal stent dysfunction [2]. It appears that EBD may be more feasible compared with these other salvage techniques.
Hypoxic conformance of metabolism in primary rat hepatocytes: A model of hepatic hibernation
Authors: Ram M. Subramanian, Navdeep Chandel, G. R. Scott Budinger, Paul T. Schumacker
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Following prolonged hypoxia, mammalian cells invoke adaptive mechanisms to enhance oxygen delivery and promote energy conservation. We previously reported that hepatocytes subjected to prolonged moderate hypoxia (PO2 = 20-50 mmHg for >3 hours) demonstrated a reversible inhibition of cellular respiration with maintenance of cell viability, associated with a decrease in mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis; acute hypoxia (similar PO2 for <30 minutes) did not induce a similar suppression of respiration and ATP synthesis. In the current study, using an in vitro model of primary rat hepatocytes, we measured the changes in metabolic demand for ATP during hypoxic conformance, and tested whether viability is maintained by preferentially suppressing nonessential processes while sustaining processes essential for maintaining cell homeostasis. In addition, the rate of recovery of oxygen consumption and ATP concentrations following reoxygenation after prolonged and acute hypoxia/anoxia was compared. Oxygen consumption and ATP concentrations decreased during prolonged hypoxia compared with acute hypoxia. However, ouabain-inhibitable respiration did not decrease during prolonged hypoxia, indicating that membrane Na+/K+ ATPase activity, an essential process for cell viability, was maintained. In contrast, ATP-dependent glucuronidation and sulfation of acetaminophen, deemed "non-essential" processes, were decreased significantly compared with normoxic cells. After reoxygenation, cells exposed to prolonged moderate hypoxia demonstrated a more rapid recovery of respiration compared to acute hypoxia/anoxia. Conclusion: This "hepatic hibernation" during prolonged moderate hypoxia may represent an anticipatory adaptation that seeks to maintain cell viability while delaying or preventing the onset of lethal hypoxia, and facilitates rapid recovery after the resumption of normoxia. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Repeated Nitrogen Dioxide Exposures and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthmatics: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Véronique Ezratty, Gaëlle Guillossou, Catherine Neukirch, Monique Dehoux, Serge Koscielny, Marcel Bonay, Pierre-André Cabanes, Jonathan M. Samet, Patrick Mure, Luc Ropert, Sandra Tokarek, Jacques Lambrozo, Michel Aubier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a ubiquitous atmospheric pollutant, may enhance the asthmatic response to allergens through eosinophilic activation in the airways. However, the effect of NO2 on inflammation without allergen exposure is poorly studied.
Immunoelectron microscopic findings in cicatricial pemphigoid: their significance in relation to epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: C. NIEBOER, D.M. BOORSMA, M.J. WOERDEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Immunoelectron microscopic studies in a patient with cicatricial pemphigoid revealed the deposition of IgG above the basal lamina. This location is distinctive for pemphigoid and differs from that found in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.
Early Results of Massachusetts Healthcare Reform on Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Michelle A. Albert, John Z. Ayanian, Treacy S. Silbaugh, Ann Lovett, Fred Resnic, Aryana Jacobs, Sharon-Lise T. Normand
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Insured adults receive invasive cardiovascular procedures more frequently than uninsured adults. We examined the impact of healthcare reform in Massachusetts on use of coronary revascularization procedures and in-hospital and 1-year mortality by race/ethnicity, education, and sex.Using hospital claims data, we compared differences in coronary revascularization rates (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention) and in-hospital mortality by race/ethnicity, education, and sex among Massachusetts residents aged 21 to 64 years hospitalized with a principal discharge diagnosis of ischemic heart disease before (November 1, 2004, to July 31, 2006) and after (December 1, 2006, to September 30, 2008) reform; 1-year mortality was calculated for those undergoing revascularization. Adjusted logistic regression assessed 24 216 discharges before reform and 20 721 discharges after reform. Blacks had 30% lower odds of receiving coronary revascularization than whites in the prereform period. Compared with whites in the postreform period, blacks (odds ratio=0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.84) and Hispanics (odds ratio= 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.97) were less likely and Asians (odds ratio=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.65) were more likely to receive coronary revascularization. Patients living in more educated communities, men, and persons with private insurance were more likely to receive coronary revascularization before and after reform. Compared with the prereform period, the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality were higher in patients living in less-educated communities in the postreform period. No differences in 1-year mortality by race/ethnicity, education, or sex for revascularized patients were observed before or after reform.Reducing insurance barriers to receipt of coronary revascularization procedures has not yet eliminated preexisting demographic and educational disparities in access to these procedures.
Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Mark T. Gladwin, Elliott Vichinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

This review presents evidence for two overlapping yet distinctive clinical types of sickle cell disease. The basis of one is the vaso-occlusive crisis; the other is the consequence of intravascular hemolysis. The authors focus on the acute vaso-occlusive crisis, the acute chest syndrome, and pulmonary hypertension, all common complications of sickle cell disease.
PWE-086 Determining Stem Cell And Crypt Dynamics In Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: N Jawad, J Crook, A-M Baker, B Cereser, M Rodriguez-Justo, T Graham, N Wright, S McDonald
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) confers a high risk of development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) in patients with extensive colitis. It is believed that a field effect, resulting from chronic inflammation and clonal outgrowth is present in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and this promotes the accumulation of protumourigenic clones via increased crypt fission rates. Increased rates of crypt fission may explain the mass expansion of protumourigenic mutations across the whole length of the bowel in a very short time period as observed in patients with CACRC (Leedham <i><i>et al</i></i>., 2009; Galandiuk <i><i>et al</i></i>., 2012). <h3>Methods</h3> Fresh frozen normal colon (n = 15) and UC colon (n = 6) tissue samples were collected and sectioned in an <i>en face</i> orientation. Two-colour enzyme histochemistry for cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity was performed to identify clonal populations. Adjacent crypts completely deficient of CCO activity were recorded as a ‘CCO deficient patch’ and those with a fraction of the crypt that was CCO-deficient were designated as ‘partial crypts’. The CCO-deficient clone fraction in partial crypts was estimated by recording the number of pixels within CCO-deficient (blue) and CCO-proficient (brown) areas. The number and size of clonal patches in colitis patients was compared to non-UC controls. <h3>Results</h3> As in the healthy colon, CCO-deficient clonal patches accumulate in an age dependent fashion in the UC colon. The mean number of crypts within a CCO-deficient patch was statistically significantly larger (p &lt; 0.05) in the UC colon than in the normal colon. In addition we observe a larger percentage of wholly and partially CCO-deficient crypts in the UC colon when compared to the normal controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The proliferative drive induced by continuous inflammation and mucosal repair in UC appears to promote the expansion of CCO-deficient patches. The increase in the proportion of wholly and partially mutated crypts in UC could be explained by crypt hyperplasia with more stem cells present driving fission. This increased rate of clonal expansion may contribute to the increased rate of tumorigenesis in the colitic bowel, however analysis of a larger patient cohort is needed. <h3>References</h3> 1 Leedham SJ, Graham TA, Oukrif D, McDonald SA, Rodriguez-Justo M, Harrison RF, Shepherd NA, Novelli MR, Jankowski JA, Wright NA. Clonality, founder mutations and field cancerization in human ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia. <i>Gastroenterology</i> 2009 Feb;136(2):542-50 2 Galandiuk S, Rodriguez-Justo M, Jeffery R, Nicholson AM, Cheng Y, Oukrif D, Elia G, Leedham SJ, McDonald SA, Wright NA, Graham TA. Field cancerization in the intestinal epithelium of patients with Crohn’s ileocolitis. <i>Gastroenterology</i>2012 Apr;142(4):855 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.