tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m P-280 LABELED SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE
Authors: H. L. Pham, L. Diggles, C. S. Marcus, R. Sinow, G. Mason, R. Renslo, C. Minami, J. D. Bernardy, J. Lister-James, R. T. Dean
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Pham, H. L.; Diggles, L.; Marcus, C. S.; Sinow, R.; Mason, G.; Renslo, R.; Minami, C.; Bernardy, J. D.; Lister-James, J.; Dean, R. T. Author Information
Releasing the Brake on Puberty
Authors: Ieuan A. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

What is so magical about the age at onset of puberty in humans — currently set at approximately 11 years of age?1 Why not 6 or 16? Indeed, addressing this question from the perspective of evolutionary biology2 suggests that puberty, as defined by age at menarche in girls, was earlier in Neolithic times and became delayed during the Industrial Revolution before reverting over the past two centuries to the present set point.3 The shortened life span and the need to reach reproductive capacity would seem to have been predominant influences on the age of menarche thousands of years ago, whereas . . .
Rupture or leakage of atheromatous arteries or aneurysms and salmonella infection.
Authors: M Rahman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

decades since Halsted until it was more or less forced on surgeons (and others) who treated the necessity of radical operation as an article of faith.Finally, Professor Dudley's statement: "It was deemed necessary to use a randomised trial" for streptomycin in tuber- culosis is not quite what he terms "a good historical example."If he is referring to the early British trial of streptomycin for meningeal tuberculosis, it is widely understood that that trial was forced on the investigators by a shortage of streptomycin.With these important exceptions Professor Dudley's paper remains a powerful thinkpiece which is, in spirit, an important contribution to any debate about appropriate clinical trials.
Regulation of JAK/STAT signalling by SOCS in the myocardium
Authors: J. Shi, L. Wei
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘SOCS1 gene transfer accelerates the transition to heart failure through the inhibition of the gp130/JAK/STAT pathway’ by A. Cittadini et al ., pp. 381–390, this issue. 

In the myocardium, cytokines are activated in response to acute and chronic cardiac stresses. Some of them, including the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, have been implicated in cardioprotection, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and heart failure via activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway ( Figure 1 ).1–3 Much effort has been made to explore the physiological/pathophysiological functions and mechanisms of positive regulation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in cardiac disease. Recent research has placed increasing emphasis on the termination of the signals by suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins.4 In the current issue of Cardiovascular Research , Cittadini et al .5 describe a possible role of SOCS1 in the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure in a chronic pressure-overload cardiac rat model. These authors report that SOCS1 is up-regulated in the decompensated phase of pressure overload. Interestingly, enhanced SOCS1 expression in cardiomyocytes through adeno-associated gene transfer accelerates the transition from hypertrophy to failure associated with sustained inhibition of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) pathway. These findings support an involvement of SOCS1 in the pathogenesis of heart failure. 



Figure 1 
Schematic diagram of structure and function of SOCS1 and SOCS3. ( A ) Domain organization of SOCS1 and SOCS3. All SOCS family proteins contain a central SH2 domain and a carboxyl-terminal conserved SOCS box. Both SOCS1 and SOCS3 also have a unique amino-terminal KIR domain. ( B ) Negative feedback regulation of the IL-6/gp130/JAK/STAT system by SOCS in the myocardium (red arrow). IL-6 …
Omalizumab in Severe Allergic Asthma Inadequately Controlled With Standard Therapy
Authors: Nicola A. Hanania, Oral Alpan, Daniel L. Hamilos, John J. Condemi, Irmarie Reyes-Rivera, Jin Zhu, Karin E. Rosen, Mark D. Eisner, Dennis A. Wong, William Busse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) are recommended in patients with asthma that is not well-controlled; however, many patients continue to have inadequately controlled asthma despite this therapy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with inadequately controlled severe asthma who are receiving high-dose ICS and LABAs, with or without additional controller therapy. Design: Prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00314574) Setting: 193 investigational sites in the United States and 4 sites in Canada. Patients: 850 patients aged 12 to 75 years who had inadequately controlled asthma despite treatment with high-dose ICS plus LABAs, with or without other controllers. Intervention: Omalizumab (n = 427) or placebo (n = 423) was added to existing medication regimens for 48 weeks. Measurements: The primary end point was the rate of protocol-defined exacerbations over the study period. Secondary efficacy end points included the change from baseline to week 48 in mean daily number of puffs of albuterol, mean total asthma symptom score, and mean overall score on the standardized version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ[S]). Safety end points included the frequency and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. Results: During 48 weeks, the rate of protocol-defined asthma exacerbations was significantly reduced for omalizumab compared with placebo (0.66 vs. 0.88 per patient; P = 0.006), representing a 25% relative reduction (incidence rate ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.61 to 0.92]). Omalizumab improved mean AQLQ(S) scores (0.29 point [CI, 0.15 to 0.43]), reduced mean daily albuterol puffs (−0.27 puff/d [CI, −0.49 to −0.04 puff/d]), and decreased mean asthma symptom score (−0.26 [CI, −0.42 to −0.10]) compared with placebo during the 48-week study period. The incidence of adverse events (80.4% vs. 79.5%) and serious adverse events (9.3% vs. 10.5%) were similar in the omalizumab and placebo groups, respectively. Limitations: The results are limited by early patient discontinuation (20.8%). The study was not powered to detect rare safety events or the treatment effect in the oral corticosteroid subgroup. Conclusion: In this study, omalizumab provided additional clinical benefit for patients with severe allergic asthma that is inadequately controlled with high-dose ICS and LABA therapy. Primary Funding Source: Genentech and Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B increases the severity of type II collagen induced arthritis in mice.
Authors: P H Wooley, B Cingel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To observe the influence of T cell subset changes on the development of experimental arthritis, by using the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to modulate the T cell repertoire during the arthritogenic response to type II collagen (CII) in vivo. METHODS--DBA/1 mice were injected with SEB before immunisation with CII, and assessed for the development of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and an immune response to CII. Mice with established arthritis were also treated therapeutically with SEB. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of the therapy on T cell subsets and T cell receptor (TCR) V beta expression. RESULTS--Mice injected with SEB developed arthritis significantly faster than saline treated control animals, and developed more severe clinical features. Mice treated with SEB after the onset of CIA were also observed to progress more rapidly to a severe arthritis than mice treated with saline alone. The level of anti-CII antibody was not affected by SEB injection. Flow cytometric analysis of TCR expression in mice 21 days after injection of CII showed decreased expression of V beta 6 and V beta 8 cells in SEB treated mice, compared with collagen immunised control mice. Injection of SEB alone caused a decrease in V beta 8, but not V beta 6 T cells compared with the values in normal DBA/1 mice. No significant variations in the T cell repertoire were detected 70 days after CII immunisation. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment with the bacterial enterotoxin SEB before the induction of arthritis did not suppress the immunological or arthritogenic response to CII in DBA/1 mice, despite the modulation of the V beta 8 T cell subset. Treatment of mice with established arthritis using SEB provoked a more severe disease course.
Confidentiality of medical reports.
Authors: D N FitzGerald
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Ergotamine tartrate overdose SIR,-At the Charing Cross Hospital Migraine Clinic and the Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic we have seen a number of patients who, in our opinion, are suffering from ergotamine tartrate overdose.These can be divided into two groups; those who habitually take one or more milligrams a day and who suffer daily headaches and nausea, the characteristic of the headache being that it is relieved only by further doses of ergotamine; and a very much smaller group who have signs of ergotism.In our experience ergotamine headache may occur with doses as little as one milligram daily of ergotamine tartrate by mouth or 0 25 mg daily by intramuscular injection.Our work at the Charing Cross Hospital and Princess Margaret Migraine Clinics has led us to think that an antiemetic such as 10 mg of metoclopramide followed 15 minutes later by an effervescent preparation of aspirin or paracetamol is the best treatment for most acute attacks of migraine.
The social costs of punishment
Authors: Pieter van den Berg, Lucas Molleman, Franz J. Weissing
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Lab experiments on punishment are of limited relevance for understanding cooperative behavior in the real world. In real interactions, punishment is not cheap, but the costs of punishment are of a different nature than in experiments. They do not correspond to direct payments or payoff deductions, but they arise from the repercussions punishment has on social networks and future interactions.
Mutagenic activity associated with by-products of drinking water disinfection by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and UV-irradiation.
Authors: B C Zoeteman, J Hrubec, E de Greef, H J Kool
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A retrospective epidemiological study in The Netherlands showed a statistical association between chlorination by-products in drinking water and cancer of the esophagus and stomach for males. A pilot-plant study with alternative disinfectants was carried out with stored water of the Rivers Rhine and Meuse. It was demonstrated that the increase of direct acting mutagens after treatment with chlorine dioxide is similar to the effect of chlorination. Ozonation of Rhine water reduced the mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 both with and without metabolic activation. UV alone hardly affects the mutagenicity of the stored river water for S. typh. TA 98. In all studies, practically no mutagenic activity for S. typh. TA 100 was found. Although remarkable changes in the concentration of individual organic compounds are reported, the identity of the mutagens detected is yet unclear. Compounds of possible interest due to their removal by ozonation are 1,3,3-trimethyloxindole, dicyclopentadiene and several alkylquinolines. Compounds which might be responsible for the increased mutagenicity after chlorination are two brominated acetonitriles and tri(2-chlorethyl) phosphate. Furthermore, the concentration procedure with adsorption on XAD resin and the subsequent elution step may have affected the results. It is proposed to focus further research more on the less volatile by-products of disinfection than on the trihalomethanes.
The Doctor Shortage: An Economic Diagnosis
Authors: Bruce E. Balfe
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One of the basic distinctions which Fein makes in the first chapter of his monograph on the physician shortage is that measuring the supply of physicians is one thing and measuring the supply of physician's services is quite another. From this distinction he derives the hypothesis that increasing the number of physicians is not necessarily the best solution to the current manpower problem. The remaining four chapters test this hypothesis by defining the terms of the physician manpower controversy, summarizing past arguments, and placing the manpower problem in a meaningful context of demand and supply. Various factors of demand are considered. These include population growth; age, sex, and color distribution; urbanization trends; education and income trends; quality of care; and medicare. Analysis of these factors yields a projected increase in the demand for physicians' services of 22% to 26% and a 35% to 40% increase by 1980. The discussion of
Geriatric Accommodation in Acute Illness
Authors: W. Fine
Journal: BMJ (1972)

usually refers to the destruction of the fetus per se.But as Dr. Wilkinson points out, many doctors conscientiously consider the needs of the whole person, allowing for the possibility that these needs may conflict with the patient's immediate demands.In my view these two issues are not distinct from each other; the destruction of the fetus must rarely be compatible with the whole patient's needs.If a woman (in one way way or another) procures an abortion, this indicates that we, as doctors, relatives, or citizens, have been failing to help her.-Iam, etc.,
THE EFFECT OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT ON SMOKING ABSTINENCE IN PATIENTS POST-ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sonia Grandi, Kristian Filion, Andre Gervais, Lawrence Joseph, Jennifer O&apos;Loughlin, Gilles Paradis, Louise Pilote, Stephane Rinfret, Mark Eisenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
THE PRESENT STATUS OF ETHYLENE
Authors: ISABELLA C. HERB
Journal: JAMA (1933)

March 12,1933,1marked the tenth anniversary of the introduction of ethylene in the anesthetic field, and it seems a fitting time to discuss its merits, demerits, and general application in surgery.  In order to determine the present status of this agent, a questionnaire was sent to the leading anesthetists of the United States, Canada and foreign countries. The questionnaires were sent to anesthetists rather than to surgeons because it was thought that the attitude of the surgeon would be reflected in the answers of the anesthetists, as well as their own opinion. This supposition proved to be correct. An opinion based on this survey seems justifiable. One thousand questionnaires were sent out. A few were returned because of deaths or improper addresses. Five hundred and thirty-four replies were received. Two hundred and twenty were using ethylene and 314 were not using it. Ethylene was administered alone 737,815 times and
Convulsions associated with campylobacter enteritis.
Authors: E P Wright, J Seager
Journal: BMJ (1980)

hyperthyroid patients and observed no change in serum T3 concentrations.2We realise that these 3-adrenergic blocking drugs are less activethanpropranolol as membrane-stabilising agents, both as a local anaesthetic and in their action on intracellular cardiac potentials,3 but we would have expected to see a fall in serum T3 levels if the mechanism proposed by Dr Heyma and others is correct.
Endoscopic local injection of ethanolamine oleate and thrombin as an effective treatment for bleeding duodenal ulcer: a controlled trial.
Authors: M Moreto, M Zaballa, M J Suarez, S Ibanez, E Ojembarrena, J M Castillo
Journal: Gut (1992)

The fasting plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles were determined in 14 healthy Nigerian male athletes and controls matched for sex and anthropometric parameters. The mean levels of total cholesterol (P &lt; 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) AII and E were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) in the athletes than in the controls. However, there were no statistically significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) between the mean values of the plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, apo AI, B, Lp(a), LpA1 and CIII:NonB respectively for the athletes and controls. A priori, the potential effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was also compared using three predictor ratios - total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL), LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol and apo B:AI. The mean of the three ratios was lower in the athletes than in the controls; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). Based on our data, exercise appears to decrease the TC:HDL ratio in the athletes by lowering LDL-cholesterol, while the HDL-cholesterol is unaffected. We conclude that physical activity has salutary effects on the lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles of healthy Nigerian men.
The Role of the "Life Island" Patient Isolator System in Cancer Chemotherapy.
Authors: Alexander Levitan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967The Role of the "Life Island" Patient Isolator System in Cancer Chemotherapy.Alexander Levitan, M.D., Seymour Perry, M.D., F.A.C.P.Alexander Levitan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Seymour Perry, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1065_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt has been reported that germ-free animals can tolerate increased amounts of chemotherapy and radiotherapy because of decreased infection and drug toxicity. In order to evaluate this in humans, a "Life Island" patient isolation system has been employed.This unit provides a sterile environment and consists of a modified hospital bed enclosed by a plastic canopy. Air entering the enclosure is passed through high-efficiency filters that remove all microorganisms. All material, including food, linens, and personal items, is sterilized before introduction into the enclosure. Before entry the patient undergoes an intensive and continuing regimen designed to reduce his skin and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alexander Levitan, M.D.; Seymour Perry, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1065-1065KeywordsAdverse reactionsCancer chemotherapyChemotherapyFood ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of a Missense Mutation in the<i>NOS3</i>Gene with Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels
Authors: Karin Storm van's Gravesande, Michael E. Wechsler, Hartmut Grasemann, Eric S. Silverman, Louis Le, Lyle J. Palmer, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

There is evidence that genetic factors affect nitric oxide formation and that sequence variants in the nitric oxide synthase genes contribute to the observed variance of nitric oxide levels in exhaled air (fraction of expired nitric oxide, FENO) in subjects with asthma. We identified a strong association between a known functional NOS3 missense sequence variant in the endothelial nitric oxide gene (G894T) and FENO level in a cohort of subjects with asthma. Age- and sex-adjusted FENO levels were lowest in asthmatic subjects with the TT genotype (geometric mean FENO [95% CI] = 7.17 [4.48 to 11.48] ppb) and were significantly higher in those with either the GT genotype (geometric mean FENO [95% CI] = 17.11 [13.80 to 21.23] ppb) or the GG genotype (geometric mean FENO [95% CI] = 12.06 [9.91 to 14.67] ppb) (F2,59 = 5.97, p = 0.004). The G894T DNA variant explained 16.3% of the residual variance in FENO levels. Our results demonstrate that the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a nitric oxide synthase constitutively expressed in epithelial cells, plays an important role in determining measured levels of exhaled nitric oxide, a marker of the asthmatic condition.
Terbutaline-induced desensitization of human lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors. Accelerated restoration of beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness by prednisone and ketotifen.
Authors: O E Brodde, M Brinkmann, R Schemuth, N O'Hara, A Daul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We investigated, in 36 healthy volunteers, the effects of prednisone and ketotifen on recovery of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density (determined by (-)-125iodocyanopindolol binding) and responsiveness (assessed by lymphocyte cyclic AMP [cAMP] responses to 10 microM (-)-isoprenaline) after desensitization by the beta 2-agonist terbutaline. Terbutaline (3 X 5 mg/d) decreased lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density by approximately 40-50%; concomitantly, lymphocyte cAMP responses to 10 microM (-)-isoprenaline were significantly reduced. After withdrawal of terbutaline beta 2-adrenoceptor, density and responsiveness gradually increased, reaching predrug levels after 4 d. Prednisone (1 X 100 mg orally) accelerated beta 2-adrenoceptor recovery; only 8-10 h after administration of the steroid beta 2-adrenoceptor density and cAMP responses to (-)-isoprenaline had reached values not significantly different from pretreatment levels. Similar effects were obtained with ketotifen (2 mg; thereafter 2 X 1 mg/d for 4 d): 24 h after application of the drug beta 2-adrenoceptor density and cAMP responses to (-)-isoprenaline had reached pretreatment levels. Furthermore, ketotifen simultaneously applied with terbutaline completely prevented terbutaline-induced decrease in lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness. Prednisone (1 X 100 mg orally) or ketotifen (2 mg; thereafter 2 X 1 mg/d for 2 d) had no significant influence on lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density in healthy volunteers not pretreated with terbutaline, but shifted the ratio high-to-low affinity state of the lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor toward high affinity state. We conclude that glucocorticoids as well as ketotifen can accelerate recovery of density and responsiveness of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors desensitized by long-term treatment with beta 2-agonists. Such an effect may have clinical implications for preventing tachyphylaxis of asthmatic patients against therapy with beta 2-agonists.