tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The significance of fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, colophony and propolis as screening tools in the detection of fragrance allergy
Authors: S. Wohrl, W. Hemmer, M. Focke, M. Gotz, R. Jarisch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Patch testing to fragrances is an important step in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Objectives To determine the usefulness of adding propolis to the European standard series to test for fragrance allergy. Patients and methods A total of 2660 consecutive patients were patch tested with a standard patch test series; 747 suspected of fragrance allergy were tested further with a special fragrance series. Results The positive results to the standard series in 2660 patients were: fragrance mix 243 (9·1%), Myroxylon Pereirae [balsam of Peru] 144 (5·4%), colophony 32 (1·2%); these fragrance mixtures are used as screening substances for fragrance allergy in the European standard series. Propolis, also known as bee's glue, was also an important allergen in this locally revised standard series (n = 35, 1·3%). Positive reactions to the aforementioned allergens were associated significantly among each other (P < 0·01, χ2‐test) and did not differ between the sexes. The primary locations of dermatitis in patients with a positive test to one or more fragrance allergens (n = 162) among those suspected of fragrance allergy (n = 747) were: face 46·9%, hands 23·5%, neck 17·9%, axillae 12·3%; 92 of the 747 patients suspected of fragrance allergy had positive skin tests to the special fragrance series comprising the eight constituents of the fragrance mix (most frequent: isoeugenol 5·4%, oakmoss absolute 5·0%, eugenol 2·5%) and 14 other fragrance allergens (most frequent: clove oil 1·6%, lemon grass oil 0·8%, cedar wood oil 0·7%). The additional value of propolis as another screening substance for fragrance allergy in these patients was low. The likelihood of a reaction to one or more of the extra fragrance allergens increased with the number of reactions to fragrance screening allergens in the standard series. Conclusions The number of positive reactions to fragrance screening allergens in a standard patch test series may be used as a rule of thumb for predicting a positive outcome of a more detailed testing to fragrances. Propolis is an important allergen in its own right but its value as a screening substance for fragrance allergy is limited.
FEIGNED INSANITY; REPORT OF THREE CASES.
Authors: WILLIAM FRANCIS DREWRY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The simulation of insanity is not an innovation peculiar to modern day schemers, though it is now frequently resorted to by designing criminals. In the sacred writings is recorded that the Shepherd King of Israel "changed his behavior and feigned himself mad and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard," because he was "sore afraid of the king of Gath." In order to escape the Trojan war, Ulysses feigned insanity by plowing the sea-shore and sowing salt instead of corn. And Lucius Junius Brutus, it is said, played the imbecile for a purpose. To detect simulation and to establish the requisite proof of it, have at all times been matters of more or less difficulty. Casper met with many cases of the sort and appreciated the difficulties which they presented. Says Hammond: "No one, no matter how skillful an alienist he
Massive Pneumoperitoneum during Gastroscopy Treated by Needle Puncture of the Abdomen
Authors: Emanuel M. Rappaport, Sidney Finkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

GASTROSCOPY with the flexible, finger-tip instrument is, as a rule, an innocuous diagnostic procedure. The sudden onset of pneumoperitoneum during the course of this examination, however, is a complication that is usually distressing to the patient and alarming to the examiner. Although occasionally the condition is unsuspected until the examination has been concluded, usually the gastroscopist is immediately apprised of the accident by his inability to inflate the stomach with air or by the collapse of the stomach that had been inflated. Simultaneously, the abdomen becomes distended and tympanitic, with loss of liver dullness. The discomfort of the patient varies . . .
Administration and Supervision in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Arthur F. Krieg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This multiauthor text (32 authors, 554 pages) has a clearly stated objective: "to bridge the gap between the theory of management and... application... in the clinical laboratory." It also has a clearly defined audience: "the individual who finds himself in a supervisory capacity for the first time and... students whose goals... include laboratory administration." The 28 chapters are grouped into five sections: "Fundamentals of Laboratory Management," "Concepts in Managerial Leadership," "Processes in Personnel Administration," "Essentials of Effective Laboratory Operation," "Principles of Laboratory Finance." The first three sections (approximately 280 pages) include an excellent discussion on "How to Conduct Effective Meetings" (chapter 8, about ten pages). The remaining 270 pages emphasize management theory and didactic material, with little emphasis on case studies or "real life problems." I was disappointed that the discussion of performance evaluation did not present continuous evaluation, as well as the traditional yearly evaluation.
Love in the SNU
Authors: Dawn McGuire
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Best Improvement in Quality and Safety
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The shortlist for the award for Best Improvement in Quality and Safety includes three very different approaches to quality improvement—one national, one regional, and one local. All meet the criteria of having a clear strategy for change, measurable improvement in an outcome that matters to patients, a real linkage between organisational change and clinical benefit, some novelty, and evidence of extending the initiative. Mark Stuart, director of the International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare, and I selected them from 28 submissions from all corners of England, Scotland, and Wales.

The national project is the Welsh 1000 Lives Campaign. This aimed to save 1000 lives and prevent 50 000 episodes of harm in the Welsh health service between April 2008 and April 2010 by using evidence based interventions to improve patient safety. The proposers claim they achieved this, preventing 1199 deaths.

The project involved all types of health providers in Wales—including primary care and the ambulance service. Though participation was voluntary, all healthcare organisations in Wales took part, and staff engaged in collaborative “plan-do-study-act” cycles to work on safety concerns in their own parts of their organisation. The national campaign targeted a few specific areas, including reducing …
Effects of nedocromil sodium on inflammation and symptoms in therapeutic studies
Authors: Peter S. Creticos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

This review cites clinical evidence demonstrating that nedocromil sodium can reverse the clinical features of airway inflammation in asthma, as shown by decreased bronchial responsiveness, decreased diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow, improved baseline lung function, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of chronic symptoms. Clinical trials have also shown that nedocromil sodium has a statistically significant and clinically relevant effect on daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms within 3 days of starting treatment. On an analysis of relevant trials, the effect on asthmatic cough was significant within 24 hours. This rapid effect on symptoms, together with a reversal of the underlying airways inflammation, is a beneficial combination in the management of asthma. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1996;98:S143-50.)
The Brain-Death Concept: Judicial Acceptance in Massachusetts
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

IN the great turmoil in Massachusetts over the Saikewicz case1 in the past few months, little attention has been paid to another landmark, historically important medicolegal decision passed down by the same high court just before this case. In this opinion,2 also written by a justice who is a former law professor, Justice Robert Braucher, the court recognized and enforced the concept of "brain death" first developed by the Harvard ad Hoc Committee in 1968. The Massachusetts court, however, specifically limited the application of the ruling to criminal convictions for homicide.It is ironic that the great medical change in . . .
Spectrum of FDG PET/CT Findings in Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Wanzhen Zeng, Mary Jo Lechowicz, Elliott Winton, Song-Mee Cho, James R. Galt, Raghuveer Halkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is known to be a useful diagnostic tool for staging, restaging, and monitoring therapy for lymphoma. The purpose of this retrospective study is to present a spectrum of FDG PET findings at initial presentation of Burkitt lymphoma and subsequent findings after therapy.We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients with Burkitt lymphoma referred for a total of 160 FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scans at our institution. We characterized the disease distribution of Burkitt lymphoma in all patients and measured representative FDG activity from initial staging scans. Therapeutic response and disease remission were assessed in patients with PET/CT and clinical follow-up studies.Of the 48 patients diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma, 25 patients had FDG PET/CT scans for initial staging. All untreated lesions of Burkitt lymphoma were highly FDG avid. The mean maximum standardized uptake value of 54 representative lesions is 16.5 (range: 6-54). Twelve patients were immune compromised. The majority of patients had disease localized to the abdomen and the pelvis. Extranodal involvement was identified in more than half of the patients studied.The American (or sporadic) form of Burkitt lymphoma presented with intense hypermetabolic lesions when untreated. The information is useful in evaluating post-treatment studies in the absence of a pretreatment scan.
Negative chronotropic effects of nizatidine.
Authors: A Halabi, W Kirch
Journal: Gut (1991)

Twelve healthy volunteers were given one week's oral treatment with each of 300 mg nizatidine, 40 mg famotidine, and placebo once daily in a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind study. Three hours after administration, nizatidine led to a significant reduction in the mean (SD) resting heart rate compared with placebo (63.6 (6.4) beats/minute on placebo to 55.9 (7.2) beats/minute on nizatidine (p less than 0.05)), whereas famotidine did not influence the heart rate significantly. Both drugs, however, increased significantly the pre-ejection period and the ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time on mechanocardiography and led to a significant decrease in cardiac output on impedance cardiography. The exercise heart rate on nizatidine as well as the resting heart rate on concurrent administration of nizatidine and the beta receptor blocking agent atenolol were subsequently investigated in the same volunteers. Nizatidine slightly inhibited exercise tachycardia by 4.4% (p less than 0.05). When compared with placebo, the mean resting heart rate was decreased on atenolol alone by a mean of 10.6 beats/minute (p less than 0.01) and fell further on co-administration with nizatidine to a total of 16.1 beats/minute (p less than 0.05 versus atenolol alone). In conclusion, the effect of nizatidine in reducing the heart rate needs careful evaluation in elderly patients with heart failure or those also taking beta blockers. In contrast to famotidine, long term treatment with 300 mg nizatidine a day has mainly negative chronotropic effects.
Surgical Disconnection of Hemispheres for Seizures
Authors: Terence E. Byrne
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am a member of the family of the patient whose case is case 2 in "Surgical Disconnection of the Cerebral Hemispheres for Intractable Seizures," by Luessenhop et al. Unfortunately, the article (<b>213</b>:1630,1970) contains a number of inaccuracies in regard to this case. First, the article describes delivery as "normal." To be more accurate, delivery was accomplished by cesarean section some 15 hours after the onset of labor. Second, the article states that "two days after birth [the patient] began having frequent generalized seizures." In fact, these began within minutes of birth, while the baby still was in the delivery room. Third, the article described surgical operation" at the age of 36 months." It also says, "He was able to walk unassisted at 3 years of age and talk in simple phrases with a small vocabulary." The boy did walk unassisted at about 41 months of
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and the source of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the mucosa.
Authors: J Bienenstock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has major morphologic and functional similarities to Peyer's patches found in the gut. Both possess a lymphoepithelium with selective antigen sampling properties, both appear in the apparent absence of direct antigen stimulation, both contain a high percentage of cells bearing IgA sdurface immunoglobulin and both can repopulate the bronchial and gut lamina propria with IgA containing cells. Good evidence now exists (and will be reviewed) in support of the concept of a common mucosal immunologic system. Cells potentially sensitized at or in a mucosal tissue such as the gut or lung would then migrate to the draining lymph node, thence into the circulation and localize in a variety of mucosal tissues. Factors involved but not essential for such localization include antigen. Lymphoblasts derived from the lung tend to go back to the lung. Similarly, gut derived lymphoblasts have a predilection for the gut. However, available evidence supports the concept of integrated systemic and mucosal immune systems. Several factors must be taken into account in analysis of the products of local mucosal immune reactions and in developing approaches to achieve optimal humoral immunity at any mucosal surface.
Demonstration of mast‐cell chemotactic activity in nasal lavage fluid: characterization of one chemotaxin as <i>c‐kit</i> ligand, stem cell factor
Authors: G. Nilsson, M. Hjertson, M. Andersson, L. Greiff, C. Svensson, K. Nilsson, A. Siegbahn
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Mast cells are known to accumulate in tissue during allergic inflammation. However, the chemotaxins responsible are undefined. Using a modified Boyden chamber and Ihe human mast‐cell line HMC‐1, we first identified mast‐cell chemotactic activity in nasal lavage fluid collected before the pollen season after allergen provocation of allergic patients (N=29) (mean migratory response compared to medium control was 121%, range 85‐198%). Mast‐cell chemotactic activity was also detected in lavage fluid collected after allergen provocation at the end of a Swedish birch‐pollen season from three different treatment groups: topical steroid treatment with budesonide; the topical antihistamine, levocabastine; and placebo. There was no significant difference in mast‐cell chemotactic activity between nasal lavage fluid collected from the placebo group (mean = 102%), the budesonide‐treated group (mean = 1l4%), or the levocabastine group (mean = 125%). Stem cell factor (SCF), a known mast‐cell chemotaxin, was present in the nasal lavage fluids from all three groups, and correlated with the mast‐cell chemotactic activity (r = 0.67, P &lt; 0.0l). TTie mast‐eell chemotactic activity was inhibited (range 5‐tOO%) in some, but not all, nasal lavage fluids by a polyclonal antibody directed against SCF. This report describes the presence of mast‐cell chemotactic activity in nasal lavage fluid during an allergic reaction. These findings show that SCF may play a pivotal role in the recruitment of mast cells in allergic rhinitis.
Short-Range Exosomal Transfer of Viral RNA from Infected Cells to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Triggers Innate Immunity
Authors: Marlène Dreux, Urtzi Garaigorta, Bryan Boyd, Elodie Décembre, Josan Chung, Christina Whitten-Bauer, Stefan Wieland, Francis V. Chisari
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Drugs Five Years Later: Disopyramide
Authors: FRED MORADY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Since disopyramide was introduced 5 years ago, the therapeutic spectrum of this drug in treating patients with ventricular and atrial arrhythmias has been found to be similar to that of the other type I antiarrhythmic drugs, quinidine and procainamide. Disopyramide has the potential to suppress sinus node function and, therefore, must be used cautiously in patients with the sick sinus syndrome. The available data indicate that it can be used safely in patients with bundle branch block and firstdegree or type I second-degree atrioventricular block. Disopyramide has been found at times to precipitate ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Because this drug often causes decompensation in patients with congestive heart failure, it must be used very cautiously, if at all, in such patients.
The Relief of Angina Pectoris: Mechanism of Action of Coronary "Vasodilators."
Authors: M. McGregor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Relief of Angina Pectoris: Mechanism of Action of Coronary "Vasodilators."M. McGregor, M.D.M. McGregor, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-669_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is generally believed that angina pectoris results from a temporary discrepancy between the oxygen requirement of the myocardium and the available supply. The only drugs capable of giving striking relief are the nitrites, and it has been accepted widely that their effect is the result of active coronary vasodilatation. Relief, however, might be achieved in several other ways. Flow might be increased by prolongation of diastole or increase in perfusion pressure. Oxygen demand might be reduced by reduction in mechanical work or by change in myocardial metabolism. Evidence that the effect of nitroglycerin is probably not primarily due to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySilber und BromExperimental Approaches to the Development of Antianginal Drugs 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 669-669KeywordsAnginaDiastoleDrugsMyocardiumOxygenVasodilationVasodilators Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mitral Ball-Valve Prosthesis
Authors: PAUL KEZDI, LOUIS R. HEAD, BRUCE A. BUCK
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Flow dynamic studies were performed in a mechanical pulse duplicator with Starr-Edwards ball valves. It was shown that the "effective orifice" of the ball valve is less than the measured orifice of the cage of the valve. The orifice is decreased to 83 per cent of the measured orifice in the smaller and to 89 per cent in the larger valves. These measurements corresponded well with the measurements of the "effective orifice" of the valve implanted in patients who were examined by left and right heart catheterization and left ventricular angiocardiograms several months after placement of the valve. The closing regurgitation found in early systole in the mechanical system appears to be negligible in patients. Left ventricular angiograms did not show reflux of dye into the left atrium through the valve cage. The size of the mitral annulus in patients was measured from left ventricular angiograms. The size of the mitral ball valve prosthesis which the mitral annulus will accommodate could be predicted with good accuracy from these measurements.
Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin: Synthetic and mechanistic studies†
Authors: Dale L. Boger
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Abstract Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin are potent glycopeptide antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The former are used clinically as the antibiotics of last resort for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the latter is a promising new antibiotic that is not susceptible to the emerging bacterial resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. A summary of our recent total synthesis of the vancomycin aglycon, our first and second generation total syntheses of the teicoplanin aglycon, and our progress on the total synthesis of the ramoplanins is presented. This work lays the foundation for ongoing structure–function studies on the antibiotics that may clarify or define their site and mechanism of action leading to the development of improved or reengineered antibiotics. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 5, 356–381, 2001
Arsenic in Drinking-Water and Risk for Cancer in Denmark
Authors: Rikke Baastrup, Mette Sørensen, Thomas Balstrøm, Kirsten Frederiksen, Carsten Langtofte Larsen, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundArsenic is a well-known carcinogen, which is often found in drinking-water. Epidemiologic studies have shown increased cancer risks among individuals exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking-water, whereas studies of the carcinogenic effect of low doses have had inconsistent results.ObjectiveOur aim was to determine if exposure to low levels of arsenic in drinking-water in Denmark is associated with an increased risk for cancer.MethodsThe study was based on a prospective Danish cohort of 57,053 persons in the Copenhagen and Aarhus areas. Cancer cases were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry, and the Danish civil registration system was used to trace and geocode residential addresses of the cohort members. We used a geographic information system to link addresses with water supply areas, then estimated individual exposure to arsenic using residential addresses back to 1970. Average exposure for the cohort ranged between 0.05 and 25.3 μg/L (mean = 1.2 μg/L). Cox's regression models were used to analyze possible relationships between arsenic and cancer.ResultsWe found no significant association between exposure to arsenic and risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, liver, kidney, prostate, or colorectum, or melanoma skin cancer; however, the risk for non-melanoma skin cancer decreased with increasing exposure (incidence rate ratio = 0.88/μg/L average exposure; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.94). Results adjusted for enrollment area showed no association with non-melanoma skin cancer.ConclusionsThe results indicate that exposure to low doses of arsenic might be associated with a reduced risk for skin cancer.