tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Levels of household mold associated with respiratory symptoms in the first year of life in a cohort at risk for asthma.
Authors: Janneane F Gent, Ping Ren, Kathleen Belanger, Elizabeth Triche, Michael B Bracken, Theodore R Holford, Brian P Leaderer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We assessed prospectively the risk of increased incidence of respiratory symptoms after exposure to particular fungal genera in a susceptible population--namely, infants (n = 880) at high risk for developing asthma. Days of wheeze or persistent cough, information on maternal allergy and asthma, socioeconomic variables, and housing characteristics were collected over the course of the infant's first year of life. Exposure to mold was assessed by airborne samples collected at one time early in the infant's life. Fungi were identified to genus level, recorded as colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3), and then categorized into four levels: 0 (undetectable), 1-499 CFU/m3 (low), 500-999 CFU/m3 (medium), and greater than or equal to 1,000 CFU/m3 (high). Effects of mold on wheeze and persistent cough, adjusting for potential confounding factors, were examined with Poisson regression analyses. The two most commonly found genera were Cladosporium (in 62% of the homes) and Penicillium (41%). Cladosporium was associated with reported mold (p < 0.02) and water leaks (p < 0.003). Rate of persistent cough was associated with reported mold [Rate ratio (RR) = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.18-1.88]. The highest level of Penicillium was associated with higher rates of wheeze (RR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.34-3.46) and persistent cough (RR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.31-3.24) in models controlling for maternal history of asthma and allergy, socioeconomic status, season of mold sample, and certain housing characteristics. We conclude that infants in this high-risk group who are exposed to high levels of Penicillium are at significant risk for wheeze and persistent cough.
Whose Funeral Is It Anyway?
Authors: Darren B. Taichman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

On Being a Doctor5 October 2010Whose Funeral Is It Anyway?Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhDDarren B. Taichman, MD, PhDFrom University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail At his funeral, we laughed that Jim would kill us if he knew that we closed the office so that everyone could attend the service.“Who will be there if Mrs. Watkins calls and is short of breath again?” we imagined Dr. Shinnick protesting. “What if Gladys shows up for an appointment by mistake? Bless her. You know how confused she gets.” No one else could say “bless her” about Gladys. “And someone needs to call Edna Walker and check that her daughter will be able to help her over the weekend—it's going to snow again.”We laughed with love ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Corresponding Author: Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, Suite 120 PHI, PPMC, 51 North 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; e-mail, darren.[email protected]upenn.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 7Page: 480-481KeywordsBronchitisChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseComputersDyspneaElectronic medical recordsEmotionsHospital medicinePneumoniaSchizophreniaThorax ePublished: 5 October 2010 Issue Published: 5 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Firm Desires to Purchase Fraudulent Testimonials.
Authors: C. B. Burr
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Flint, Mich., Jan. 23, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I received this morning a letter, of which the following is a copy: Chicago, Jan. 22, 1904. <h3>Dr. C. B. Burr, Flint, Mich.</h3><h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —Your name has been handed us with a few other thoroughly reliable physicians in the United States, and referred to as well known throughout your part of country, and for this reason we are making you the following splendid proposition: We are now ready to furnish to the medical profession a new electric medical bath machine on which we secured patents Sept. 30, 1903. This new therapeutic (sic) instrument is admitted by medical experts to be the best physician's medical battery ever put on the market. It was invented by an electric genius, and is no doubt considered the most perfect instrument of its kind ever placed on the market, and we guarantee it in every respect.
Urticaria Following Intravenous Doxorubicin Administration
Authors: Luis Souhami
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Urticaria developed above the site of injection with doxorubicin hydrochloride in 11 patients with malignant neoplasms. Generalized urticaria without anaphylaxis developed in one patient, while only local reactions developed in the other ten. A reaction developed in two patients on their first exposure to doxorubicin. Two of the seven patients who received subsequent doxorubicin therapy had further reactions. Urticaria does not seem to be a contraindication to further treatment with doxorubicin if the patient is closely observed. The value of prophylactic antihistamines of corticosteroids is not clear.
REMOVAL OF SEPTAL PENETRATION EFFECTS IN IMAGES OBTAINED WITH HIGH PURITY I-123
Authors: L. Stephen Graham, Ralph Lake, Marvin B. Cohen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

High purity I-123 labeled agents have been used for imaging the brain and myocardium. Medium energy collimators give poor depth resolution and decreased sensitivity; images obtained with low energy collimators are degraded by septal penetration of the high energy photons. Two sets of images of a phantom were collected in a DEC PDP 11/34A computer interfaced to a singled-headed Siemens RotaCamera. The first set was obtained with a symmetrical window set on the photopeak at 159 keV. The second set was a subtraction mask obtained by setting a second analyzer window above the photopeak at approximately 200 keV. After applying a 2D Fourier smoothing filter the mask was subtracted from the photopeak data set. Reconstructed images of a Jaszczak phantom demonstrated a 20 to 25% increase in contrast with the subtraction technique. Reconstructed images of an Iowa Heart Phantom revealed an increase of approximately 75% in the contrast of the “myocardium” relative to the central cavity. The improvement in contrast in both phantoms was essentially the same for both Parzen and Shepp and Logan reconstruction filters but was dependent on the type of collimator used. This technique appears to be useful for improving the contrast in SPECT imaging of high purity I-123.
Re: Michael T. Schweizer, Xian C. Zhou, Hao Wang, et al. The Influence of Prior Abiraterone Treatment on the Clinical Activity of Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2014;66:646–52
Authors: Micheal O’Cathail, Santhanam Sundar
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Genetic Polymorphism on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Affects Endothelial Activation and Inflammatory Response During the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Charalambos Antoniades, Dimitris Tousoulis, Carmen Vasiliadou, Christos Pitsavos, Christina Chrysochoou, Demosthenis Panagiotakos, Costas Tentolouris, Kyriakoula Marinou, Nikolaos Koumallos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
A critical analysis of RBRVS
Authors: D. M. Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —The article A Critical Analysis of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale by Dr Maloney 1 is surprising. It attempts to disprove the general perception that procedural medical services are reimbursed at an inappropriately greater rate than cognitive services. However, the way he puts the data together is misleading, the numbers he shows us prove just the opposite of what he says, and there are some disturbing undertones in what he does say.  His first deception is the number of hours supposedly worked per week: surgical (87.8) vs medical (70.6). Patient care activities, on-call time, other professional and administrative activities according to Mendenhall 2 actually average: surgical (81.2) vs medical (79.1) for all comers or 81.2 and 74.9, respectively for just the groups included in Maloney's RBRVS critique. That comes to a 6.3-hour difference at the most (very different from the 17 hours he claims), which makes the
Genome-wide association study identifies a common variant in RAD51B associated with male breast cancer risk
Authors: Nick Orr, Alina Lemnrau, Rosie Cooke, Olivia Fletcher, Katarzyna Tomczyk, Michael Jones, Nichola Johnson, Christopher J Lord, Costas Mitsopoulos, Marketa Zvelebil, Simon S McDade, Gemma Buck, Christine Blancher, Alison H Trainer, Paul A James, Stig E Bojesen, Susanne Bokmand, Heli Nevanlinna, Johanna Mattson, Eitan Friedman, Yael Laitman, Domenico Palli, Giovanna Masala, Ines Zanna, Laura Ottini, Giuseppe Giannini, Antoinette Hollestelle, Ans M W van den Ouweland, Srdjan Novaković, Mateja Krajc, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Jose Esteban Castelao, Håkan Olsson, Ingrid Hedenfalk, Douglas F Easton, Paul D P Pharoah, Alison M Dunning, D Timothy Bishop, Susan L Neuhausen, Linda Steele, Richard S Houlston, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Alan Ashworth, Anthony J Swerdlow
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
The key to effective whistleblowing is interprofessional collaboration
Authors: J. Roddick
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Professionals of all disciplines are indebted to the BMJ for having opened up the issue of whistleblowing and for it being summed up so well by Peter Gooderham ( BMJ 2009;338:b2090, doi:10.1136/bmj.b2090). As he points out, much more could be done by official bodies to help overcome the culture of silence and fear in many working environments. However, the time has come for those professionals who feel strongly about the problem to take matters into their own hands and lead the way towards a reassertion of true professionalism appropriate for the 21st century.

Faced with all the demands of the modern working environment and often inappropriate media coverage, to say nothing of career and family concerns, it takes a very special professional to go “out on a limb” and make a stand about something he or she believes not to be in the public interest. When the constraints of corporate endeavour, team spirit, and workplace friendships are added, the problems of …
Treatment of Tinea Pedis
Authors: Arthur Bobroff
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In answering the query on "Tinea Pedis" (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>: 791 [March 7] 1964), your consultant, Dr. Schuster, very properly condemns the idea of soaking feet in gasoline. But he then goes on to recommend griseofulvin, valid indications for which are few and far between. The drug is costly, and late side effects, entirely possible even if as yet unperceived, could occur. Griseofulvin is often found to be less effective than skillful topical therapy, but what to my mind is the most repugnant of all is the idea of saturating the whole patient with a drug—any drug—in order to attack a superficial lesion occupying a few square inches of skin of the foot, readily accessible to any of several simple and effective topical remedies that could promptly clear up the eruption if given a chance. Here is the wellspring of iatrogenic mischief. Two additional points bear mention: (1)
Takayasu's Arteritis and Its Therapy
Authors: JAMES H. SHELHAMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Twenty patients with Takayasu's arteritis were followed prospectively for an average of 4.6 years. Sixteen patients with active inflammatory Takayasu's arteritis were treated with glucocorticosteroids; eight responded to therapy. Six patients had clinical or angiographic progression of their vasculitis on daily corticosteroid therapy. These patients were then given cyclophosphamide together with prednisone on alternate days. Four of these 6 patients had no progression of vascular lesions while receiving cyclophosphamide; two had progression of vascular lesions after 30 and 48 months of therapy. Vascular reconstructive surgery was successful in 7 patients who tolerated a total of 13 vascular surgical procedures without major complications. One bypass graft occluded after 13 months and was revised. With corticosteroid therapy, cytotoxic therapy, and surgery, no deaths due to Takayasu's arteritis or its treatment have occurred.
Myocardial hydroxyproline and mechanical response to prolonged pressure loading followed by unloading in the cat.
Authors: J F Williams, B Mathew, D L Hern, R D Potter, W P Deiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

To determine the myocardial response to prolonged pressure-loading and unloading, kittens weighing 0.8-1.2 kg underwent pulmonary artery banding, which initially elevated right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure by 10-15 mm Hg. 52 and 76 wk later; RV weight/body weight had increased by approximately 80%. Total RV hydroxyproline had increased significantly, whereas hydroxyproline concentration was unchanged from that of nonbanded animals of comparable age. In isometrically contracting RV papillary muscles, peak active force was significantly less at 76 wk (3.3 +/- 0.8 [SD] g/mm2 than at 52 wk (5.1 +/- 0.8 g/mm2) or in nonbanded animals (4.8 +/- 0.8 g/mm2). Velocity of muscle shortening at comparable loads was unchanged after 52 wk but was significantly less after 76 wk. In nonstimulated, slowly stretched muscles, passive stiffness constants, alpha and beta, derived from delta = alpha(e beta epsilon - 1), where delta is instantaneous stress and epsilon is Lagrangian strain, were unchanged by banding. The band was removed after 52 wk in additional animals that were studied 24 wk later. In those animals with normal RV pressures at death, hypertrophy had regressed and hydroxyproline concentration was comparable to that of nonbanded and banded animals; Active and passive mechanical function remained normal. In this model, changes in hydroxyproline parallel changes in muscle mass, and passive stiffness remains normal during development and regression of hypertrophy. Removal of the pressure load after prolonged hypertrophy prevents or retards the late development of myocardial dysfunction.
Jagunal homolog 1 is a critical regulator of neutrophil function in fungal host defense
Authors: Gerald Wirnsberger, Florian Zwolanek, Johannes Stadlmann, Luigi Tortola, Shang Wan Liu, Thomas Perlot, Päivi Järvinen, Gerhard Dürnberger, Ivona Kozieradzki, Renu Sarao, Alba De Martino, Kaan Boztug, Karl Mechtler, Karl Kuchler, Christoph Klein, Ulrich Elling, Josef M Penninger
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Points from Letters: Risks from Pets
Authors: J. J. Segall
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The patient, a widow aged 63, developed a marked bilateral conjunctivitis in July 1970.When questioned, she stated that she had noticed a stinging sensation of the eyes when- ever she tipped a new brand of washing powder into water.This powder, which she had used for a few weeks only, proved to be a well known enzyme detergent.On giving up the use of the preparation the conjunctival signs disappeared and have not returned.Presumably the act of tipping out the washing powder can give rise to a sufficient concentration of enzyme dust to affect the conjunctiva of a sensitive person.When dealing with an unexplained case of allergic conjunctivitis, therefore, it seems worth asking whether the patient has been using a new brand of washing powder.-Iam, etc.,
Wanted: A Heisenberg for an Orwell-Reply
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am afraid that Dr Dibbell has seriously misunderstood the nature of my article. First, it was largely an ethical analysis of a complex problem where I, as much as he, am aware of the enormous ethical dangers in shifting away from the traditional medical model to one where persons are seen as responsible for some portion of their health and medical needs. Yet I am also concerned about arguments from justice. Many feel it is unfair that all must share equally in the enormous costs of health care provided to patch people up after they have voluntarily assumed risks to their health to enjoy some nonmedical benefits. If there is an argument for a plan to make people pay for the medical costs of their voluntary behavior, it is an argument from justice. Somehow Dr Dibbell has the impression that I envision some sinister, bureaucratic, omniscient body
AGAR-AGAR IN THE TREATMENT OF CONSTIPATION IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: JOHN LOVETT MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

themselves to the diagnosis and therapeusis of, the air pas¬ sages, using the bronchoseope simply as a speculum, and as a speculum is used in gyneeology and other specialties.The field is enormous.We went down into the lower air passages first for the extraction of foreign bodies: (hen we began to discover pathologic conditions; and we have discovered that * Re a d in the Section on Diseases of Children of the American
Failure to detect hepatitis C virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Henry H. Hsu, Teresa L. Wright, Daniel Luba, Mary Martin, Stephen M. Feinstone, Gabriel Garcia, Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Although hepatitis C infection has been clearly demonstrated to be transmitted through blood products or blood contamination, most cases of sporadic hepatitis C infection are unassociated with parenteral risk factors, and it is unclear how infection might be acquired by nonparenteral means. One potential mode of nonparenteral transmission is through body secretions. We used a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether hepatitis C viral genomic RNA could be detected in secretions obtained from nineteen individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Although hepatitis C genomic RNA was found in all 19 sera, hepatitis C virus RNA was not detected in any samples of saliva, semen, urine, stool or vaginal secretions from these patients. Viral titers in serum ranged from 10 2 to 10 7 polymerase chain reaction units/ml. The sensitivity of our polymerase chain reaction assay indicates that, if hepatitis C virus were in secretions, it would be present in amounts less than 1 to 4 polymerase chain reaction units/ml. This contrasts with hepatitis B virus infection, in which serum titers frequently are in excess of 10 9 copies of hepatitis B genomes/ml. Body secretions have been found to contain up to 10 6 copies of hepatitis B genomes/ml. Our findings support seroepidemiological studies indicating that nonparenteral transmission of hepatitis C through secretions is uncommon and probably much less efficient than hepatitis B virus infection. (Hepatology 1991;14:763-767).
Effect of nifedipine on histamine reactivity in asthma.
Authors: K R Patel, M Al-Shamma
Journal: BMJ (1982)

effects, and the substantially lower dose.The main long-term hazard- carcinogenesis or leukaemogenesis-should be lower, possibly no more than a lifetime fatal cancer risk of 1 % after 25 years.5This case provides further evidence that total body irradiation may provide a useful additional form of management in cases of polymyositis resistant to conventional drug treatment, although a lasting effect has not been demonstrated.
Mechanism of Action of the Sex Steroid Hormones
Authors: Lawrence Chan, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

THE regulation of protein synthesis in the target tissue is undoubtedly the principal action of steroid hormones. The steroid molecule must be transported to the target tissue via the bloodstream and tissue fluids. It then penetrates the cell by simple or facilitated diffusion. On entry of the hormone into the cell, it is bound to a specific hormone receptor. This hormone-receptor complex is then transferred to the nucleus, in an "activated" form, where it is bound to the target-cell genome. Then, by a yet undefined process, the target cell responds by increased RNA synthesis followed by increased protein synthesis ( . . .
THE EFFECT OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS ON PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)
Authors: Mogens Volkert, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Evidence is presented which indicates that PVM is affected adversely in concentrated lung tissue suspensions or in the presence of glutathione. Because iodoacetamide inhibits or eliminates these effects in a similar manner, it is concluded that sulfhydryl groups are essential to their development.
ISOLATION OF CHROMATIN THREADS FROM THE RESTING NUCLEUS OF LEUKEMIC CELLS
Authors: Albert Claude, James S. Potter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. A method for the separation of chromatin threads from the resting nucleus of leukemic cells has been described. 2. The isolation of the chromatin strands was accomplished by purely mechanical means, and the separation, including extraction and purification in the centrifuge, required only about 1 hour. 3. Evidence is presented to show that the chromatin strands are morphologically related to the chromosomes, if not identical. 4. It seems probable that, by the present technique, chromatin strands can be obtained from different mammalian tissues for direct microscopical examination and biochemical analysis.
Biological effects of human insulin receptor substrate-1 overexpression in hepatocytes
Authors: S Tanaka, L Mohr, E V Schmidt, K Sugimachi, J R Wands
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The human insulin receptor substrate-1 (hIRS-1) is a key intracellular protein involved in various cytokine signaling pathways associated with cell growth. We have previously demonstrated that stable transfection and overexpression of hIRS-1 in human hepatoblastoma cells in vitro leads to the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. In this setting, hIRS-1 acts as a dominant oncogene and will induce neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. In the present study, the biologic effects of hIRS-1 overexpression in the liver was analyzed using both clinical tumor samples and a newly developed transgenic mouse model. We have found that approximately 40% of 22 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors had enhanced (&gt;200%) hIRS-1 gene expression compared with adjacent non-involved liver tissue. There was a significant relationship between the level of hIRS-1 overexpression and the tumor size; this finding suggests a possible role for hIRS-1 in tumor progression. To determine if downstream signal transduction cascades were activated by overexpression of hIRS-1 in hepatocytes, we established a transgenic mouse model using an hIRS-1 construct driven by an albumin promoter/enhancer element to direct liver specific expression. The overexpressed hIRS-1 protein was found to be tyrosyl phosphorylated and interacted with downstream SH2-containing molecules such as the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Grb2 adaptor, and SHP2 phosphatase proteins. The functional consequences of hIRS-1 overexpression were reflected by constitutive activation of both the MAPK and PI3K signal transduction cascades. More important, overexpression of hIRS-1 in the transgenic liver led to increased hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Our findings indicate that hIRS-1 overexpression induces downstream signaling molecules associated with hepatocyte growth and may potentially enhance tumor progression of HCC.