tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of salmon calcitonin on symptoms and urinary excretion of 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the carcinoid syndrome.
Authors: A Antonelli, P Del Guerra, A Fierabracci, E Gori, L Baschieri
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Loop diuretics even in a single dose are associated with increased renal excretion of calcium, potassium, and magnesium.4Hypokalaemia and its associated alkalosis lead to decreased plasma ionised calcium concentrations.Hypomagnesaemia, which is often associated with hypokalaemia, as in our patient, may impair both the secretion of parathyroid hormone and its peripheral action.5Our patient's symptoms were not controlled until magnesium was given parenterally with both calcium gluconate and a rapidly acting vitamin D preparation.Loop diuretics can be hazardous in patients with asymptomatic hypopara- thyroidism after thyroidectomy.Calcium and magnesium concentrations should be monitored closely during such treatment to avoid depletion of electrolytes and the associated morbidity and mortality.1 Blanchard BM.Focal hypocalcemic seizures 33 years after thyroidectomy.
Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Mark A. Young
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In a medical specialty as challenging and dynamic as rehabilitation medicine, the need for an accurate and authoritative source of current information is ever-present. The recent publication of<i>Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</i>, fourth edition, by Frederic J. Kottke and Justus F. Lehmann, admirably achieves this goal. Considered by many to be the "classic" rehabilitation reference, this new issue of<i>Krusen's</i>has assembled an impressive panel of 72 contributing authors, representing leading physiatric academic centers throughout the United States. In contrast to earlier editions, which had a more modest selection of topics, coverage has expanded by a total of nine chapters. All told, the 61 chapters that constitute this book address virtually all facets of physical medicine and rehabilitation and are organized into three broad categories: evaluation, therapy, and rehabilitation of key disabling conditions. Although portions of this fourth edition remain largely unchanged from earlier versions, the bulk
Spurious automated white cell count wiht Coulter STKS in the myelodysplastic syndromes suggests the presence of a red cell membrane defect
Authors: M. Tarek Elghetany, S. David Hudnall
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Correspondence 69showed contamination of the lymphocyte area by debris of much lower volume.The Technicon H-l gave a total WBC count of 2 X 103/pl with a differential count of 30.9% neutrophils, 56.9% lymphocytes, I .6%monocytes, 6% eosinophils, 0.5% basophils, and 4.1% LUC.A manual differential count was essential similar to the Technicon H-1 count.Hemoglobin
Chikungunya Virus and the Global Spread of a Mosquito-Borne Disease
Authors: Scott C. Weaver, Marc Lecuit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Chikungunya virus infection is a rapid-onset, febrile disease with intense asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia, headache, and rash. This mosquito-borne alphavirus has spread throughout the Caribbean and into much of Central America. Further spread in the Americas seems likely.
Infant Mortality as a Social Mirror
Authors: Paul H. Wise, DeWayne M. Pursley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Over the past three decades, the infant mortality rate has declined dramatically for all racial groups in the United States. Yet despite this impressive decline, powerful racial disparities persist. Over the past decade, the mortality rate among white infants fell from 11.0 to 8.2 per 1000 live births, whereas the rate among black infants declined from 21.4 to 17.2 per 1000. That substantial absolute declines can occur while racial disparities persist suggests that the causes of the decline are different from those of the disparity. In other words, the factors that drive rates down may be different from the factors . . .
Effect of CD3 on the efficacy of TCR gene therapy in vivo.
Authors: J. W. King, M. Ahmadi, S. Xue, C. Voisine, A. Holler, J. Waxman, E. Morris, H. Stauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e13047 Background: T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an efficient method by which large numbers of antigen specific T cells can be generated for cancer immunotherapy. The function of TCR gene modified T cells is dependent on efficient surface expression of the introduced TCR alpha/beta heterodimer. In order for TCR to be expressed they must form a complex with CD3 chains. We therefore tested whether endogenous CD3 chains are rate-limiting for TCR expression and antigen-specific T cell function. Methods: The TCR used were specific for the Wilms' tumour antigen 1 peptide (WT1) and the influenza A virus NP peptide (F5). The 58α-β- murine T cell line and splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice were transduced with either TCR alone or TCR plus additional CD3 (CD3+TCR). Tetramers were used to measure TCR expression. In vitro functional assays (antigen specific cytokine production, proliferation and killing) were performed in peptide titration experiments. In vivo T cell tracking and tumour growth were measured using luciferase+ T cells and luciferase+ tumour cells, respectively, for bioluminescence imaging. Results: We show that co-transfer of CD3 and TCR genes into a T cell line and primary murine T cells enhanced TCR expression and antigen-specific T cell function in vitro. Peptide titration experiments showed that T cells expressing introduced CD3 and TCR genes recognised lower concentration of antigen than T cells expressing TCR only. In vivo imaging revealed that CD3+TCR gene modified T cells infiltrated tumours faster and in larger numbers, which resulted in more rapid tumour elimination. Following tumour clearance, CD3+TCR T cells persisted in larger numbers than TCR-only T cells and mounted a more effective memory response when rechallenged with antigen. Conclusions: Endogenous CD3 chains are rate-limiting for TCR expression and antigen-specific function in gene modified T cells.The data demonstrate that provision of additional CD3 molecules is an effective strategy to enhance the avidity, anti-tumour activity and memory formation of TCR gene modified T cells in vivo.
The Relevance of Medical Education to Medical Practice
Authors: Hilliard Jason
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The observation that medical education is not particularly relevant to medical practice tends often to be dismissed as yet another dazzling glimpse of the obvious or as a description of an appropriate state of affairs, to be cherished rather than challenged. I will address myself to the inappropriateness of both these responses and examine the depth and the danger of the disparity between education and practice. Medical care in this country has come to be frequently referred to as a "nonsystem." For many of the same reasons, medical education must also be regarded as a nonsystem. In both spheres, current patterns have emerged from gradual, largely unplanned, evolution, rather than having been guided by either informed leadership or systematic research. Those largely anonymous individuals who have contributed to the shaping of our present programs of undergraduate medical education were equipped with generous quantities of good will and intuition which, regrettably,
Bioavailability of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)) after exposure to silicones by inhalation and implantation.
Authors: H M Luu, J C Hutter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the target organ doses of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)) after intravenous (IV), inhalation, or implantation exposures. The model used (14)C-D(4) IV disposition data in rats to estimate tissue distribution coefficients, metabolism, and excretion parameters. We validated the model by comparing the predicted blood and tissues concentrations of D(4) after inhalation to experimental results in both rats and humans. We then used the model to simulate D(4) kinetics after single and/or repeated D(4) exposures in rats and humans. The model predicted bioaccumulation of D(4) in fatty tissues (e.g., breast), especially in women. Because of its high lipid solubility (Log P(oct/water) = 5.1), D(4) persisted in fat with a half life of 11.1 days after inhalation and 18.2 days after breast implant exposure. Metabolism and excretion remained constant with repeated exposures, larger doses, and/or different routes of exposure. The accumulation of D(4) in fatty tissues should play an important role in the risk assessment of D(4) especially in women exposed daily to multiple personal care products and silicone breast implants.
The T-Cell Proliferative Assay in the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: F Dressler, N H Yoshinari, A C Steere
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪ Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the T-cell proliferative assay as a diagnostic test in Lyme disease. ▪ Design: Cross-sectional study of patients with Lyme arthritis or chronic neuroborreliosis who had a history of erythema migrans, positive antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or both; patients with other diseases; and healthy subjects. ▪ Setting: Diagnostic Lyme disease clinic in a university hospital. ▪ Patients: Forty-two of the 67 patients with active Lyme arthritis or chronic neuroborreliosis who were seen during the study period; 16 patients with inactive late Lyme disease; 77 patients with other rheumatologic or neurologic diseases; 9 workers from the Borrelia laboratory; and 9 healthy subjects. ▪ Measurements and Main Results: Nineteen of 42 patients with Lyme arthritis or chronic neuroborreliosis and 4 of 77 patients with other diseases had positive T-cell proliferative responses to B. burgdorferi antigens. The sensitivity of the proliferative assay was 45% (95% Cl, 30% to 60%) and the specificity was 95% (95% Cl, 87% to 99%). Twelve of 27 patients with active Lyme arthritis, 7 of 15 patients with chronic neuroborreliosis, 4 of 16 patients with inactive Lyme disease, 4 of 9 healthy Borrelia laboratory workers, and 0 of 9 healthy subjects had positive responses. Three of five patients with Lyme disease who had negative or indeterminant antibody responses by ELISA had positive T-cell proliferative responses. ▪ Conclusion: The T-cell proliferative assay may be a helpful diagnostic test in the small subset of patients with late Lyme disease who have negative or indeterminant antibody responses by ELISA.
Receptor mechanisms and dose-response models for the effects of dioxins.
Authors: G W Lucier, C J Portier, M A Gallo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

There is increasing evidence that receptor-mediated events impact one or more stages responsible for tumor development in experimental animals and humans. Although many chemicals and endogenous hormones require receptor interactions as a necessary event in their carcinogenic activity, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its structural analogs are the most visible examples of receptor-mediated carcinogens. TCDD, or dioxin as it is frequently called, interacts with the Ah receptor (AhR), which functions in a manner analogous to receptors for steroids. TCDD produces a wide spectrum of biochemical and toxic responses in in vitro and in vivo systems, and the Ah receptor is generally considered necessary for most if not all of these responses. Risk assessments for dioxin made by the United States and other countries throughout the world have been based on its carcinogenecity in experimental animals. Recently, epidemiology studies have indicated that TCDD is a human carcinogen at high doses. Because TCDD appears to be acting like a potent and persistent hormone agonist, it appears reasonable to incorporate mechanistic information on receptor-mediated events in risk assessments for TCDD. This information may be obtained from steroid receptor action and from molecular data on the Ah receptor. In this paper, we evaluate the scientific foundation on which mechanistic models for estimating dioxin's risks should be based. These models need to recognize the mechanisms possible for the diversity of biological responses that are initiated by a single receptor interacting with a single ligand. The U.S. EPA is currently reevaluating dioxin's risks by examining the possibility of developing biologically based models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Progress in the Biological Sciences in Relation to Dermatology
Authors: Rudolf L. Baer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This volume contains papers presented at a course given at Cambridge University to provide physicians in clinical practice an account of fundamental research of particular interest to them. The editor has selected a formidable array of topics and grouped them under the headings: the melanocyte and melanogenesis; cutaneous innervation; histochemical investigation of the skin; bacteriology and mycology; psychophysiological mechanisms; comparative medicine; immunology; inflammation; carcinogenesis; radiation of the skin; and pharmacology. A few of the writers present their subjects with little direction towards the skin and dermatology— as if the skin were an organ floating in outer space and yet to be discovered by them. An example of this is an article dealing with the mode of action of tranquilizing drugs, in which, the effect of these drugs on itching, the major dermatological symptom, is not once mentioned. One author, a well-known immunologist, starts his chapter with the statement: "I wish
Let's add three other studies
Authors: A. J. H. Vochteloo, B. G. Pijls, H. J. L. van der Heide
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The take home message of the meta-analysis by Smith and colleagues as broadcast in the media was that the risk of developing a wound infection after orthopaedic surgery is significantly higher when the wound is closed with staples rather than sutures.1 However, the meta-analysis does not support this conclusion.

Firstly, we found three new studies in a Pub …
Service in Strict Islamic Nation Removes Alcohol, Other Drugs From Major Problem List
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

SAUDI ARABIA, where many of the US troops in Operation Desert Storm are located, forbids the importation of liquor or other drugs of potential abuse. Probably as a result of this and other factors (including the fact that the allvolunteer US armed forces are much more drug free than a few years ago), US military provost marshals have not encountered the problems associated with alcohol and other drugs that plagued their predecessors during Southeast Asian combat of the 1960s and early 1970s. In addition to relatively few crimes against persons or property by US military people in this theater of operation, driving while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs also has not been a problem. <h3>Strong Civil Penalties</h3> The US Information Service in Dhahran says that "a charge of marijuana possession and/or importation [in Saudi Arabia] may yield a prison sentence of several years, depending on the amount
Final report of phase II study of sorafenib, cytarabine and idarubicin for initial therapy in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: F Ravandi, C Arana Yi, J E Cortes, M Levis, S Faderl, G Garcia-Manero, E Jabbour, M Konopleva, S O'Brien, Z Estrov, G Borthakur, D Thomas, S Pierce, M Brandt, K Pratz, R Luthra, M Andreeff, H Kantarjian
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Why do smokers have a better prognosis with acute myocardial infarction? Insights from the PAMI-2 trial
Authors: Bruce Brodie, Terry Bowers, William O'Neill, John Griffin, Bryan Donohue, Constantino Constantini, C. Balestrini, Gregg Stone, Denise E. Jones, Cindy Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research under Siege — Battle Won but Not the War
Authors: I. Glenn Cohen, Eli Y. Adashi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The struggle over federal funding for research involving human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) continues — and may well be waged for years to come. On August 23, 2010, Chief Judge Royce Lamberth of the U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia granted the motion of plaintiffs James Sherley and others for a preliminary injunction holding that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research "violate the plain language of the Dickey–Wicker Amendment."1 In so doing, Lamberth placed present and future public funding of human ESC research in jeopardy. On April 29, 2011, in a two-to-one . . .
Immunopathologic Studies of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). I. Tissue-bound Immunoglobulins in Relation to Serum Antinuclear Immunoglobulins in Systemic Lupus and in Chronic Liver Disease with LE Cell Factor *
Authors: Kathryn H. Svec, John D. Blair, Melvin H. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

We studied the composition of tissue-bound immunoglobulins and of antinuclear factors by immunofluorescent techniques in five patients with systemic lupus and two with chronic liver disease associated with positive LE cell tests. Renal glomeruli in all seven demonstrated deposits of bound gammaG-globulin and complement, although the presence of gammaA- and gammaM-immunoglobulins was variable. Blood vessel walls contained primarily gammaG-globulin and complement in the systemic lupus patients, but such deposits were absent from vessels in the two with chronic liver disease. We observed antinuclear factors, demonstrated by immunofluorescence, in all three immunoglobulin classes. In six of the seven patients, evidence was obtained of a correspondence between the classes of bound immunoglobulins in glomeruli and vessels and the serum titers of antinuclear immunoglobulins. These observations are consistent with the concept that immunoglobulin deposits in tissues may be derived at least in part from antinuclear factors. Neither bound immunoglobulins nor complement was observed in liver parenchyma of the two patients with chronic liver disease or in two patients with systemic lupus and liver pathology. It thus seems doubtful that serum antibodies play a primary role in the pathogenesis of forms of chronic liver disease associated with positive LE cell tests.
Journal Plunges Deeper Into Negative Balance
Authors: John T. Dickman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I found myself heartily agreeing with Dr Glew<sup>1</sup>in his assessment of the use of double negative construction. I could not believe my eyes when I got to QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS<sup>2</sup>in the same issue. In answer to question 2, the third paragraph began, "Not all nonunions are not painful nor..." This one looks like a triple negative shooting for quadruple!
Potentiation of antitumor effects of cyclophosphamide derivatives in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine
Authors: E Van Den Neste, F Bontemps, A Delacauw, S Cardoen, I Louviaux, JM Scheiff, E Gillis, P Leveugle, V Deneys, A Ferrant, G Van den Berghe
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Accuracy of hepatic adverse drug reaction reporting in one English health region
Authors: G. P Aithal, M. D Rawlins, C. P Day
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The lack of specific markers for drug induced liver injury suggests that inaccurate reports of hepatic adverse drug reactions are likely to be common, with the diagnosis based on circumstantial evidence and speculation by the reporting clinician. 1 The problems of assessing the cause of drug induced liver injury have led to consensus meetings to establish a standardised framework for evaluating drug hepatotoxicity. 2 3Using these international criteria, we aimed at evaluating the accuracy of reports of hepatic adverse drug reactions to the Committee on Safety of Medicines in the Northern region in 1992-6.When the cause of liver injury had been incorrectly attributed to a drug we also determined the frequency of missed or delayed diagnoses.
Pork is UK's main source of hepatitis E infection, briefing hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors should be more aware of the dangers of hepatitis E infection in patients who are immunocompromised as a result of cancer treatment or organ transplantation, a press briefing was told at the Science Media Centre in London on 11 November.

Infection with the hepatitis E virus is quite common but is often overlooked because in most patients it causes symptoms of jaundice that are transitory with no long term consequences. But in immunocompromised patients or those with existing liver damage it can persist and pose a serious threat to life. 

Few patients, and not …
Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe
Authors: H.J. Schulze, B. Cribier, L. Requena, J. Reifenberger, C. Ferrandiz, A. Garcia Diez, V. Tebbs, S. McRae
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that acts through toll-like receptor 7 to induce cytokine production and a subsequent innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune response. Clinical studies have demonstrated clinical and histological clearance of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream.To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of imiquimod (Aldaratrade mark; 3M Pharmaceuticals, St Paul, MN, U.S.A.) 5% cream for the treatment of sBCC in a multicentre, randomized, parallel, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, phase III clinical study conducted at 26 centres in Europe.Subjects who had at least one histologically confirmed sBCC tumour were randomized to apply imiquimod or vehicle cream to the target tumour once daily, seven times per week (7 x/week) for 6 weeks. The target tumour location was identified with an indelible ink mark before treatment initiation. The treated tumour site was clinically assessed for treatment response at 12 weeks post-treatment and was then excised for histological evaluation. Efficacy assessments included the composite response rates (proportion of subjects with clinical and histological clearance) and response rates solely based on histology (proportion of subjects with histological clearance). Safety assessments, which included adverse events and scoring of local skin reactions (LSRs), were carried out throughout the study.In total, 166 subjects were enrolled in this study. For the intent-to-treat dataset, there was a statistically significant difference between imiquimod and vehicle groups for both composite clearance rates (clinical and histological assessments) and histological clearance rates. Composite clearance was demonstrated in 77% and 6% of subjects treated with imiquimod and vehicle cream, respectively. Histological clearance was demonstrated in 80% and 6% of subjects treated with imiquimod and vehicle cream, respectively. The most frequently reported safety findings were investigator-assessed LSRs and spontaneous reports by subjects of application site reactions, which occurred more frequently in the imiquimod group than in the vehicle group.Imiquimod 5% cream administered 7 x/week for 6 weeks is a safe and effective treatment for sBCC when compared with vehicle cream.