tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Detection of the Sphingolipidoses
Authors: Alan K. Percy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Antenatal diagnosis in combination with elective termination of pregnancy has become an integral part of the approach to otherwise fatal, inherited disorders. Several of these disorders (termed sphingolipidoses) are characterized by deficient activity of a specific acid hydrolase and the concomitant accumulation of a complex molecule whose catabolism is normally associated with the disease-related acid hydrolase. These complex molecules are important structural components of cell membranes and under conditions of abnormal catabolism form aggregates within the cell, particularly within membrane-bound subcellular organelles. These organelles resemble lysosomes, which are, in fact, the major subcellular localization of the various acid hydrolases.Both . . .
Inhomogenous capillary flow and its prevention by verapamil and hydralazine in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster.
Authors: H R Figulla, F Vetterlein, M Glaubitz, H Kreuzer
Journal: Circulation (1987)

There is clinical evidence that human dilated cardiomyopathy is related to microcirculatory disorders. We used an experimental preparation of the disease that consisted of a study of the microcirculation of 45 cardiomyopathic Syrian and 18 control hamsters with timed plasma staining. To investigate dynamic vascular disorders a double injection technique was used that permitted demonstration of all permanently and temporarily perfused capillaries in the same animal. The results showed a total capillary density of 3423 +/- 470 capillaries/mm2 in the cardiomyopathic hamster during the premyocytolic phase (30 days of age) and that of 3289 +/- 506 capillaries/mm2 during the myocytolytic phase (44 days). These values were not significantly different from those in the control group (3349 +/- 473 capillaries/mm2 at 30 days and 3383 +/- 556 capillaries/mm2 at 44 days). However, tissue areas with extended coronary transit times were detected only in the cardiomyopathic hamsters. These areas were of the same individual and cumulative size at 30 days (diameter approximately 200 micron, 4% of the tissue) as the myocytolytic zones at 44 days. In cardiomyopathic hamsters verapamil and hydralazine prevented both hypoperfusion and myocytolysis. The results favor the view that microcirculatory disorders generate tissue damage in the cardiomyopathic hamster and that these disorders can be prevented through treatment with the calcium antagonist verapamil or with the vasodilator hydralazine.
Potent suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell migration and human neointimal hyperplasia by KV1.3 channel blockers
Authors: Alex Cheong, Jing Li, Piruthivi Sukumar, Bhaskar Kumar, Fanning Zeng, Kirsten Riches, Christopher Munsch, Ian C. Wood, Karen E. Porter, David J. Beech
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimThe aim of the study was to determine the potential for KV1 potassium channel blockers as inhibitors of human neoinitimal hyperplasia.
Abstract 1407: Mechanistic regulation of NFκB dependent radioprotection in human neuroblastoma
Authors: Natarajan Aravindan, Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan, Jamunarani Veeraraghavan, Terence S. Herman, Mohan Natarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Induced radio-resistance in cancer cells surviving after radiotherapy (RT) could be associated with increased radioprotection limiting the benefit of RT. Additionally, induced radioprotection may potentiate tumor re-growth at treatment site. Recently, we demonstrated that radiation (IR) induced NFκB in neuroblastoma cells and forced inhibition of NFκB enhanced IR-induced cell death. Accordingly, we investigated the downstream regulation involved in IR-induced NFκB-mediated radioprotection. Human SK-N-MC cells exposed to either low-dose IR (LDIR, 10, 50 and 100cGy), high dose IR (HDIR, 4Gy) or exposed to LDIR and challenged with HDIR after 24h were examined after 15min through 72h. EMSA analysis showed a marked and persistent activation of NFκB both in LDIR and HDIR exposed cells. Interestingly, cells primed with LDIR showed a robust NFκB activation when challenged with HDIR, as opposed to HDIR alone group. Consistently, we observed a significant suppression in HDIR induced DNA fragmentation (Tdt nick end labeling), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC, caspase activity) and cytotoxicity (MTT) in cells primed with LDIR. Furthermore, clonogenic analysis revealed a profound attenuation of HDIR inhibited clonal expansion with preceding LDIR exposure. NFκB knockout (RelA siRNA) and over expression (p50, p65 transfection) studies demonstrate the influence of LDIR-activated NFκB in the regulation of HDIR induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. More importantly, LDIR significantly induced both transcriptional (QPCR) and cellular localization (immunoblotting) levels of radio-responsive TNFα, IL-1α, cMYC, MnSOD (SOD2 activity) and completely suppressed p53 in these cells. Co-culture experiments clearly portraits LDIR-influenced radioprotection and activation of radioresponsive molecules. Individual gene knockout (siRNA approach) studies exhibits that LDIR-modulated TNFα, IL-1α, cMYC, MnSOD and p53 mediates induced radioprotection. Furthermore, NFκB inhibition studies (ΔIκBα) demonstrated that TNFα, IL-1α, cMYC, MnSOD and p53 are selectively regulated by LDIR-induced NFκB. Collectively, these data strongly suggests that cells that survive a course of RT induce NFκB dependent radio-responsive TNFα, IL-1α, cMYC and MnSOD mediated radioprotection. Selectively targeting IR-induced NFκB could further potentiate the use of RT in neuroblastoma cell killing and mitigate tumor regrowth at treatment site. Funding Support: ACS- IRG-05-066-01; Presbyterian Health Foundation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1407.
Autoimmune liver disease as the main cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis in European patients who underwent liver transplantation
Authors: F.Yilmaz Barbet, J.C. Duclos-Vallee, C. Johanet, A.M. Roque-Afonso, M. Gigou, C. Feray, M. Sebagh, J.F. Emile, M.A. Petit, E. Dussaix, M. Reynes, H. Bismuth, D. Samuel, C. Guettier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
A Twin Study of Obesity
Authors: Grete Heinz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A series of studies, of which "A Twin Study of Human Obesity"<sup>1</sup>is the most recent example, have relied on the body mass index (BMI) to draw far-reaching conclusions about weight and health status. We question the validity of these interpretations. The BMI denotes how much a person's weight deviates from the average weight of young adults of the same height. This deviation in weight may result from excessive leanness or fatness. It may also represent normal weight for a bone structure that is not average for height or muscularity that differs from the average. By stating that work on the covariance of the BMI in twins has "confirmed the importance of genetic influences on human fatness," the authors assume that variations in fat account for these weight deviations. On the basis of our research on bone structure and body composition, we challenge the assumption that,
Prevalence of clinical venous thromboembolism in the USA: Current trends and future projections
Authors: S. B. Deitelzweig, B. H. Johnson, J. Lin, K. L. Schulman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The U.S.-wide prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear, with reported VTE incidence estimates varying widely. This retrospective analysis of healthcare claims data from patients in the Thomson Reuters national MarketScan(®) Commercial and Medicare databases (January 2002-December 2006) estimates the U.S. prevalence of VTE, and assesses associated temporal trends. Of 12.7 million study-eligible patients, 200,007 had VTE. The overall prevalence of VTE (cases per 100,000) increased by 33.1% during the study period: from 317 in 2002 to 422 in 2006. VTE was more prevalent in women than men throughout the study. The annual prevalence of VTE increased with age: 1,382 in patients ≥65 years versus 231 in patients <65 (2006 data). The number of U.S. adults with VTE is projected to more than double from 0.95 million in 2006 to 1.82 million in 2050. These data confirm that VTE remains a major healthcare burden in the US, particularly among the elderly, and highlight a continuing increase in prevalence of the disease. Greater efforts are required to improve awareness of VTE and improve standards of VTE prevention in healthcare organizations.
On the Induction of Premature Labour
Authors: J. Bassett
Journal: BMJ (1873)

spoken to.On the morning of April 7th, seeing the temperature at 105, her pulse 120, and respirations 48, I determined to commence quinine in large doses.A glance at table No. 4 will show the progress of the case.The quinine was administered day and night perseveringly, in ten-and fifteen-grain doses.On the night of the gth and part of the ioth, also on the night of the 12th and part of the i3th, it was omitted, producing on these occasions vomiting and great straining.The usual dose was ten grains every four hours, occasionally every third hour.She had no other medicine throughout her illness.The quinine was administered with spirit of chloroform and aromatic sulphuric acid.She was taken into the convalescent ward on April 26th, and was ultimately discharged cured.She was liberally supported throughout with brandy mixture and claret. Day ofRespira-Tempera- Date.Disease.Plulse.tion.
Towards a unified theory of reciprocity
Authors: Alejandro Rosas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In a unified theory of human reciprocity, the strong and weak forms are similar because neither is biologically altruistic and both require normative motivation to support cooperation. However, strong reciprocity is necessary to support cooperation in public goods games. It involves inflicting costs on defectors; and though the costs for punishers are recouped, recouping costs requires complex institutions that would not have emerged if weak reciprocity had been enough.
Michael James Vendy Bull
Authors: C. Bull
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Michael James Vendy Bull was born at Waterstock in Oxfordshire. The elder son of a yeoman farmer, he was educated at Lord Williams’ Grammar School, Thame, then at St Edward’s School, Oxford. In his teens, he was interested in the mechanisation of farm machinery, then mostly horse drawn. He designed and built a hydraulically operated front loader for the farm tractor which was used for many years. On leaving school, he read natural sciences (Hons) at University College, Oxford, and completed his clinical training at the Radcliffe Infirmary, qualifying in December 1950. After …
Annular Pancreas Producing Duodenal Obstruction in Infancy
Authors: Wilfred T. Small, Carroll Z. Berman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly in which the second portion of the duodenum is encircled by a band of pancreatic tissue, leading to symptoms of high intestinal obstruction. The severity of the associated symptoms and findings varies with the grade of constriction. The many reports of the occurrence of this malformation as an incidental autopsy finding indicate its existence with little or no duodenal obstruction, and there are cases in which it has been demonstrated on surgical exploration for long-standing gastrointestinal complaints in adults. Furthermore, there are many cases, such as the one reported below, that are manifest . . .
Prediction of metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to maximum cycle ergometry
Authors: J.E Cotes, J.W Reed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

<h3>Objective</h3> Lung inflammation is present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), but the mechanisms linking inflammatory and fibrotic processes in ILD are unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether alveolar inflammation, reflected by increased alveolar concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (CANO), is related to the ability of serum from patients with SSc to induce pulmonary fibroblast proliferation (PFP) and myofibroblast conversion. <h3>Methods</h3> CANO was measured in all subjects (37 patients with SSc and 10 healthy controls) whose sera were used to stimulate PFP (assessed by BrdU labeling index) and myofibroblast conversion (detected by α-smooth muscle actin expression). The PFP index in patients with SSc was compared to control values, and between patients with SSc who had elevated (&gt; 4.3 ppb) and normal (≤ 4.3 ppb) CANO values. <h3>Results</h3> Both CANO and the PFP index were significantly greater in patients with SSc compared to controls. In patients with SSc, the PFP index was directly related to CANO levels (r = 0.48; p = 0.002). The median PFP index was significantly higher in patients with SSc who had elevated CANO (&gt; 4.3 ppb; n = 25, median 1.1, range 0.98–1.23) than in patients with SSc who had normal CANO (≤ 4.3 ppb; n = 12, median 0.93, range 0.82–1.08; p = 0.01). Similarly, myofibroblast conversion induced by SSc serum was significantly greater in patients with CANO &gt; 4.3 ppb than in patients whose CANO was ≤ 4.3 ppb (p &lt; 0.001) and controls (p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Alveolar inflammation reflected by increased nitric oxide production was related to serum-induced PFP and myofibroblast conversion, linking the active alveolitis process to cell proliferation and lung fibrosis in patients with SSc.
Antihypertensive Drugs and Danger to Vision
Authors: John Q. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the commentary on the "Management of Hypertension" by Drs Moser and Wood (235:2297, 1976). It seems to me that they disregard some of the natural concern over the side effects of bloodpressure-lowering drugs to the extent that I have discussed with my ophthalmologist the effect of these drugs on glaucoma. We have discussed this at some length. It is my understanding that if the blood pressure is lowered too far, the intraocular pressure will prevent adequate circulation in the optic nerve and cause rather severe atrophy and resulting blindness. If this is true, it seems to me that this is adequate reason to be concerned about the side effects of a blood-pressure-lowering drug. He tells me that many internists either are not aware of this problem or disregard it, and that the result is that there are an appreciable number of patients in whom optic
War on Disease: a History of the Lister Institute
Authors: J. Chick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Biofilms are now considered to be the most abundant form of microbial life on Earth, playing critical roles in biogeochemical cycles, agriculture, and health care. Phenotypic and genotypic variations in biofilms generally occur in three-dimensional space and time, and biofilms are therefore often investigated using microscopy. However, the quantitative analysis of microscopy images presents a key obstacle in phenotyping biofilm communities and single-cell heterogeneity inside biofilms. Here, we present BiofilmQ, a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated high-throughput quantification and visualization of 3D and 2D community properties in space and time. Using BiofilmQ does not require prior knowledge of programming or image processing and provides a user-friendly graphical user interface, resulting in editable publication-quality figures. BiofilmQ is designed for handling fluorescence images of any spatially structured microbial community and growth geometry, including microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic colonies and aggregates, as well as bacterial biofilms in the context of eukaryotic hosts.
Amphotericin inhibition of hematopoiesis in vitro
Authors: H. Phillip Koeffler, David W. Golde
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract The effect of amphotericin B on human and murine hematopoiesis was studied in vitro using assays for erythroid and myeloid colony‐forming cells. Amphotericin consistently inhibited colony formation by erythroid and granulocyte‐monocyte progenitor cells. Clear effects were observable at amphotericin concentrations of 1.0 μg/ml, and concentrations of 2.0 μg/ml caused approximately 50‐60% inhibition of cloning of both murine and normal human bone marrow. These data suggest that amphotericin, in concentrations achieved in therapy, can impair hematopoiesis by a direct effect on precursor cells.
Medical Complications During Pregnancy
Authors: David N. Danforth
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It is well known that every system in the body is affected by pregnancy to greater or lesser extent. What is less well known is the manner in which the normal changes of pregnancy modify the course of almost every disease. Also, the drugs commonly used to treat such diseases may or may not be suitable for use in pregnancy. Unfortunately, most textbooks of medicine give little or no consideration to pregnancy, contenting themselves with the observation that the effects of this or that drug in pregnancy are either harmful or unknown, or that the risks must be weighed against the benefits. This book is not designed as a complete text of general medicine, but it is an admirable and comprehensive survey of the manifestations of medical illnesses in pregnancy and the manner in which they should be dealt with. Virtually all systems are considered. Each section is opened by
Safety and efficacy of total dose infusion of 1,020 mg of ferumoxytol administered over 15 min
Authors: Michael Auerbach, William Strauss, Sarah Auerbach, Stella Rineer, Huzefa Bahrain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

For the majority of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), a full course of intravenous (IV) iron is 1 g. Most IV irons require 5-10 administrations of 100-300 mg. We have successfully employed 1 g low molecular weight iron dextran over 1 hr. For further convenience for patients and physicians, we explored the administration of 1.02 g of ferumoxytol over 15 min instead of the approved 2 × 510 mg injections. Sixty patients with IDA, (hemoglobin <11 g/dL, transferrin saturation [TSAT] ≤20%, and ferritin <100 ng/mL) with an inadequate response or intolerance to oral iron, received 1020 mg ferumoxytol over 15 min. Vital signs were measured for 1 hr. Adverse events (AEs) were collected via telephone at 1, 2, and 7 days. Follow-up visits occurred at 4 and 8 weeks for efficacy assessments. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary efficacy endpoints included mean change in hemoglobin, TSAT, and red cell distribution width. No serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred. Fifty-eight patients received the planned dose. Twenty-six out of sixty (43.3%) patients reported AEs of which 13 were mild and transient during infusion. All resolved within minutes. Fourteen patients reported self-limited arthralgias, myalgias, and/or headache within 24-48 hr. At Baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 9.4 g/dL. The mean increments at Week 4 and 8 were 2.1 and 2.6 g/dL, respectively. Ferumoxytol, administered as 1.02 g infusion over 15 min was well tolerated with no SAEs and demonstrated excellent efficacy. If corroborated in future studies this represents an improved method of treating IDA.
Management of women at high risk of breast cancer
Authors: A. C. Armstrong, G. D. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Summary points

Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy diagnosed in women worldwide and accounts for over 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women in the United Kingdom.1 The average lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women in the United Kingdom and United States is estimated to be 12%,1 although this may be an overestimate, as it is not clear what age this assumes a woman lives to and whether full adjustment has been made for those who die young from other causes. It is also unclear whether multiple breast cancers in a single woman are counted as several women with breast cancer.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed using search terms such as “breast cancer risk” and “hereditary breast cancer.” Studies included were those written in English, and included case-control studies, randomised control trials, and meta-analyses. We also consulted relevant national and international guidelines, including those of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and we were part of the NICE Guideline Development Group where all relevant evidence was …
Red cell velocity and plasma transit time in the cerebral microcirculation of spherocytic deer mice.
Authors: W I Rosenblum
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Spherocytic deer mice provide a model of human spherocytosis. Their erythrocytes are abnormal in shape and are more rigid than normal red blood cells (RBC). Like their human counterparts, spherocytic mice are anemic. Measurements of RBC velocity in microvessels on the cerebral surface failed to reveal a difference between the velocity of cells in spherocytic as compared to normal deer mice. However, plasma transit, as measured by fluorescein microangiography, was faster than normal. Both decreased plasma transit time and increased RBC velocity are expected in nonspherocytic, anemic mice. Since the former, but not the latter, was found in the spherocytic, anemic mice, it appears that increased RBC rigidity has a greater effect on RBC movement than on plasma movement within the cerebral microcirculation. Thus iit would seem that this increased RBC rigidity prevents the increased RBC velocity that otherwise would be observed in anemia but does not prevent the decrease in plasma transit time.
The Regionalization of Hospital Services
Authors: John R. Ellis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE functions of a hospital may be planned in one of two ways. In the first the authorities of the hospital decide what kind of services they will offer to the public. They decide how much of these services they will offer, and at what standard. They may reduce the quantity so as to ensure the standard. They are naturally concerned with the public need, but they are not responsible for fulfilling the whole of that need. They can and do change the shape and nature of the community that they serve. They can and do, from time to time, . . .
Management of Dog Bite Wounds
Authors: Michael E. Jabaley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the recent article on the management of dog bite wounds (1980;244:2327) and the resulting letters (1981;246:833-834). As a plastic surgeon, much of my experience with such injuries has come in patients who have been treated initially by someone else and then had either an outright infection or an unsatisfactory result. Most of the errors in dog bite treatment do not come from a failure to trim the skin edges properly but from the failure to take into account the length of a dog's tooth. The teeth carry the inoculum deep into the wound, and it is a failure to treat contamination at these depths that frequently results in clinical infection. When I treat a dog bite, I take care to anesthetize it well enough that I can explore and locate the path and then irrigate it well. I close most of them primarily and infection