tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Ichiro Kawachi, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Several epidemiological studies have suggested an association of passive smoking with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, few studies have taken account of exposure to passive smoking in the workplace. Additionally, several studies have been unable to control for the full range of potential confounding factors. We examined prospectively the relationship of passive smoking with risk of CHD in a cohort of women. Methods and Results The study was carried out in an ongoing prospective cohort of US female nurses, in whom we assessed exposure to passive smoking at home and at work as well as duration of years spent living with someone who smoked regularly. We studied 32 046 women 36 to 61 years of age in 1982 who had never smoked and were free of diagnosed CHD, stroke, and cancer. During 10 years of follow-up (1982 to 1992), 152 incident cases of CHD (127 nonfatal myocardial infarction and 25 fatal CHD) occurred. Compared with women not exposed to passive smoking, the relative risks of total CHD—adjusted for a broad range of cardiovascular risk factors—were 1.58 (95% CI, 0.93 to 2.68) among those reporting occasional exposure and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.28) among women reporting regular exposure to passive smoking at home or work. There was no relation apparent between duration of living with a smoker and risk of CHD. Conclusions Despite the fact that exposure to passive smoking was assessed by self-report and only at baseline (as well as other limitations), these data suggest that regular exposure to passive smoking at home or work increases the risk of CHD among nonsmoking women.
Diagnosis in histopathology. Is often unclear.
Authors: D Slater
Journal: BMJ (1993)

manifestations of lupus erythematosus resistant to topical steroids and antimalarial drugs.Thalidomide has been reported to be of benefit in subacute cutaneous and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus as well as lupus erythematosus profundus.2AThe mode of action of thalidomide is unclear, although its teratogenicity is well recognised.Care must be taken to monitor for the development of possible peripheral neuropathy.Despite these side effects thalidomide is useful in combating the often disfiguring cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus.
Changes in sputum composition between two inductions performed on consecutive days.
Authors: O Holz, K Richter, R A Jörres, P Speckin, M Mücke, H Magnussen
Journal: Thorax (1998)

BACKGROUND: Sputnum induction is a non-invasive method for obtaining cellular and biochemical material from the airways and appears to be particularly suited for repeated testing. However, it has not been clarified whether repeated inductions lead to a change in sputum composition. The aim of this study was to compare induced sputum results between two inductions performed 24 hours apart. METHODS: Ten subjects with mild asthma and 19 healthy subjects were included. Sputum was obtained during three consecutive 10 minute periods of hypertonic saline inhalation. Samples were analysed separately for the three inhalation periods. Corresponding pooled values were computed, taking into account total cell numbers of each inhalation period. RESULTS: In the three consecutive inhalation periods mean (SE) percentages of neutrophils increased from 29.2 (4.2)%, 22.0 (4.6)% and 14.5 (2.9)% on day 1 to 43.1 (5.3)%, 34.8 (5.5)% and 25.7 (5.3)% on day 2 in healthy subjects and from 21.3 (4.3)%, 24.1 (5.9)% and 15.9 (3.7)% to 35.9 (6.9)%, 30.7 (7.1)% and 31.8 (6.5)% in asthmatic subjects. This parallel shift corresponded to a mean (95% CI) increase in the pooled percentages of neutrophils of 17.4 (11.6) to 23.3)% in healthy and 14.6 (1.2 to 28.0)% in asthmatic subjects. In contrast to neutrophils, the percentage of macrophages decreased from day 1 to day 2, while eosinophil and lymphocyte percentages did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the induction procedure itself causes a change in the composition of sputum detectable after 24 hours. This effect has to be taken into account when repeated sputum induction is performed.
Forecasting Hospital Readmission After Surgery
Authors: Sandra DiBrito, Martin A. Makary
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Immunotherapy and Asthma-Reply
Authors: David R. Ratto
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  In our article, we tried to demonstrate that most patients with severe asthma can be managed with highdose oral corticosteroids. We do not recommend use of oral steroids initially if imminent respiratory failure or a questionable ability of the patient to absorb the medications through the gastrointestinal tract is considered.  There were no statistical differences between either group as related to treatment with antibiotics, use of subcutaneous terbutaline or inhaled atropine, or prior use of steroids. Of the 11 patients who received prior steroids, 8 of them had received 10 mg or less in the prior 24 hours. The inclusion or exclusion of the remaining 3 patients, 1 of whom was in the intravenous group, did not alter the results of the study. Perhaps, as Dr Bogin pointed out, the patient who fails to respond to aggressive outpatient therapy with high-dose oral medication should receive intravenous corticosteroids. It,
Effects of Creative Arts Therapies on Psychological Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Timothy W. Puetz, Christopher A. Morley, Matthew P. Herring
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Creative arts therapies (CATs) can reduce anxiety, depression, pain, and fatigue and increase quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer. However, no systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effects of CAT on psychological symptoms among cancer patients has been conducted.To estimate the effect of CAT on psychological symptoms and QOL in cancer patients during treatment and follow-up and to determine whether the effect varied according to patient, intervention, and design characteristics.We searched ERIC, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science from database inception to January 2012. Studies included RCTs in which cancer patients were randomized to a CAT or control condition and anxiety, depression, pain, fatigue and/or QOL were measured pre- and post-intervention. Twenty-seven studies involving 1576 patients were included. We extracted data on effect sizes, moderators, and study quality. Hedges d effect sizes were computed, and random-effects models were used to estimate sampling error and population variance.During treatment, CAT significantly reduced anxiety (Δ = 0.28 [95% CI, 0.11-0.44]), depression (Δ = 0.23 [0.05-0.40]), and pain (Δ = 0.54 [0.33-0.75]) and increased QOL (Δ = 0.50 [0.25-0.74]). Pain was significantly reduced during follow-up (Δ = 0.59 [95% CI, 0.42-0.77]). Anxiety reductions were strongest for studies in which (1) a non-CAT therapist administered the intervention compared with studies that used a creative arts therapist and (2) a waiting-list or usual-care comparison was used. Pain reductions were largest during inpatient treatment and for homogeneous cancer groups in outpatient settings; significantly smaller reductions occurred in heterogeneous groups in outpatient settings.Exposure to CAT can improve anxiety, depression, and pain symptoms and QOL among cancer patients, but this effect is reduced during follow-up.
Aerodynamic Handlebars-Reply
Authors: Michael P. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —The letter by Dr Jacques adds to the minuscule literature on aerodynamic handlebars. It is reassuring that the riders who were observed using these handlebars were adults and uniformly wore helmets. Overuse injuries from the hyperextended neck position have been reported. 1 However, the forearm rests and resultant neutral wrist position might lessen the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (Eric S. Smith, MD, written communication, July 1991), a common malady of endurance cyclists.  In suggesting more research on aerobars, I did not want to lessen the important research focus on head injury prevention by helmets. As Jacques points out, the majority of bicyclists would benefit from data already available showing that helmets reduce head injury. 2 Trauma might be avoided by a mandatory helmet law. 3   Cycling is increasing in popularity among adult fitness enthusiasts. With this trend and the arrival of another cycling season, physicians can expect
Immunization against Diphtheria with Alum-precipitated Toxoid--I
Authors: F. Fulton, B. Moore, J. Taylor, A. Q. Wells, G. S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1942)

During recent years evidence has gradually been accumu- lating to suggest that the best and most economical method of immunizing children against diphtheria is by two suitably spaced doses of alum-precipitated toxoid (A.P.T.).Experience, however, of this method has so far been very limited.The great immunizing campaigns in the United States, Canada, and France have been carried through mainly with toxin-antitoxin mixture and with formol toxoid.Most of the early trials of A.P.T. were made by the one- dose method, which is now generally recognized to be un5atisfactory.The number of careful observations made on the two-dose method is small, and nearly all of the published records differ in either the dosage used or the interval between the doses, or both.We therefore make no apology in presenting our figures, which refer to the production of immunity, as judged by the Schick-conversion rate, in children inoculated with doses of 0.1 and 0.3 c.cm. of A.P.T. at four to six weeks' interval.If we did need an excuse, we could not do better than quote from Sir John Ledingham's address to the British Medical Association at Aberdeen in 1939, in which, discussing the antigenic value of different prophylactics, he stated: "There is no doubt that it is highly expedient that comparative trials should still go on, for it is desirable in planning extensive crusades to determine what form of antigen and what scheme of administration are best calculated to yield the most lasting immunity, due consideration being always given to the tolerability of the antigen or antigens in the interest of acceptable propaganda."The Primary Schick Test During the course of inoculating about 30,000 school children against diphtheria in the past two years we took the opportunity of judging the efficacy of our method by Schick-testing a proportion of the children before and after their immunizing injections.Our observations, which cover the period November, 1939, to November, 1941, were made on children in residential and non-residential schools in Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Wiltshire.A few pre-school children and a few adults were included, but approximately 95% of the subjects were between the ages of 5 and 16 years.The majority of the schools were of the elementary or secondary type and were situated in urban or rural districts.No large towns were visited, but most of the schools contained a propor- tion of evacuees from London.Apart from the evacuees,
Airway Response to Inhaled Hypertonic Saline in Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: CHRISTIAN TAUBE, OLAF HOLZ, MARION MÜCKE, RUDOLF A. JÖRRES, HELGO MAGNUSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The present study aimed at delineating the mechanisms underlying the adverse response to hypertonic saline inhalation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty patients (age, 48–70 yr; FEV1, 29–58 %pred) inhaled, on two different days in randomized order, 200 μ g salbutamol from an MDI and 20 min later either 0.9% or 3% saline from an ultrasonic nebulizer for a maximum of four consecutive 5-min periods. Forced expiratory (FEV1) and inspiratory (FIV1) volumes, inspiratory capacity (IC), intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV), and specific airway resistance (SRaw) were measured. Significant changes occurred in FEV1, FIV1, IC, ITGV, and SRaw with both concentrations (p < 0.05, each) and effects were stronger with 3% as compared with 0.9% saline (p < 0.05, each). The increase in dyspnea was associated with the changes in FIV1, FEV1, IC, and ITGV, in contrast to its decrease during bronchodilation, where only FIV1 was important. Sputum analysis showed elevated concentrations of histamine after 3% as compared with 0.9% saline. These data indicate that the adverse lung function response to hypertonic saline is common in patients with moderate to severe COPD, involves both bronchoconstriction and lung hyperinflation, and could be mediated, at least partially, through activation of mast cells.
Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants.
Authors: M Ahlberg, L Berghem, G Nordberg, S A Persson, L Rudling, B Steen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Emission samples were obtained from two medium-sized power plants, one fired with oil and the other with pulverized coal. Particles obtained by a miniscale plume stack gas sampler (MIPSGAS), simulating the dilution process in the plume, were subjected to detailed physical, chemical and biological characterization. Studies by scanning electron microscopy and by Coulter counter demonstrated that the particles from the oil-fired boiler were considerably larger than the particles from the coal-fired boiler. Chemical analyses revealed more organic substances and more S, Ni, V, in the oil than in the coal particles. The latter contained a larger proportion of Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Se, Rb, Y, Zr, Ba and Pb. Biological testing revealed a greater acute and subacute toxicity by the intratracheal route in the hamster, a greater toxicity to alveolar macrophages and a greater lung retention of BaP coated on the particles from oil combustion than on those from coal combustion. In another sampling line, employed simultaneously with the MIPSGAS-particulate sampler, the total emissions were collected, i.e., both particle and gas phase. These samples were used for chemical analyses and Ames mutagenicity test. Analyses of specific PAHs in emissions from both plants demonstrated that concentrations were below the detection limit (less than 4 ng/m3 of benzo(a)pyrene), which is in accord with an efficient combustion of the fuel. The mutagenicity of the samples were below the detection limit of the mutagenicity assay.
Productivity in clinical medicine.
Authors: N Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

of traditional medicine enjoy public and state support: ayurveda, unani, and siddha.Practitioners of unani medicine (but not ayurveda) are known as hakims.Traditional practitioners have opportunities for lengthy education and training, though many learn through apprenticeship.Metallic compounds are the basis of many unani remedies4 but not of ayurveda.Unani medicine derives from the theory and tradition of Greek medicine.This tradition also led to the widespread use of metals, which were in their heyday in the fifteenth century.5 Ramazzini wrote in 1713 that from lead came "a large stock of useful remedies for both internal and external ailments, so that it is commonly called the surgeon's mainstay."6Such remedies are in widespread use in many countries today.Doctors need to be aware that their patients, black and white alike, are likely to sample a range of remedies for, particularly, persistent problems.Everyone needs to know that such remedies may occasionally be toxic.This danger will probably be greatest when untrained healers administer the remedy.Travelling healers may be a particular problem.Patients do, however, travel to seek out healers.7 The benefits of the traditional healing methods have not been evaluated, so whether the overall costs exceed the benefits or vice versa remains uncertain.The oft quoted statement, which derives from the work of Aslam,3 that most towns in Britain with sizeable Asian communities have three or four resident hakims, needs clarification.What is meant by hakim?Are these trained hakims, religious leaders, or lay healers?Are they hakims in the sense that they practise unani medicine or also vaids practising ayurveda?7Kew and colleagues call for monitoring of ethnic remedies.This would require a mammoth, costly operation and deflect attention, as it has before, from the higher priorities: provision of appropriate health services, excellence in communication, and the prevention and management of chronic disease.When these priorities are achieved the use of "altemative"' remedies, which is probably no higher than that in the general population,78 will surely decline.
Reducing Choking Deaths in Children
Authors: Dan Flynn
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The Balloon Council would like to commend Dr Rimell and colleagues 1 for helping to educate parents that children younger than 8 years should be supervised when playing with latex balloons. Their article and the many stories about it that appeared in print and electronic media certainly have helped to increase public awareness of the need for this supervision.  In an effort to eliminate all choking deaths associated with latex balloons, many manufacturers began adding warning labels to packages in the late 1980s. When formed in 1991, The Balloon Council encouraged all manufacturers to use the labels. The results have been dramatic. In 1989, there were 16 deaths associated with balloons. The most current data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission indicate that 6 deaths occurred during 1994. 2   Another way of showing the impact of education is that in the 10 years before warning labels were
GMC accuses doctor of research fraud
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The disciplinary hearing of Dr Goran Jamal, a doctor who has been considered to be an expert on Gulf war syndrome, began again last week after a six month adjournment ( BMJ 2002;325:618).

The consultant neurophysiologist faces charges of serious professional misconduct before the General Medical Council for alleged research fraud in the phase III trial of Tarabetic, a gamolenic acid based on evening primrose oil, for the treatment of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. …
Rational establishment of air quality standards.
Authors: D Pearce, G Mooney, R Akehurst, P West
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This paper attempts to apply two principles of rationality--efficiency and equity--to the establishment of air quality standards for total suspended particulates in the USA. It is argued that standard setting should embrace either the use of some cost-benefit-risk criterion, or some concept of equity whereby risks are not reduced below levels judged to be acceptable elsewhere. There is often a trade-off to be made between these principles of efficiency and equity and that both cannot be pursued in tandem. In other words, the cost of fairness is more deaths in total than there need be at a particular level of expenditure. The concept of the "margin of safety" is also discussed, and we conclude that, as currently defined, it is of doubtful relevance in either the context of efficiency or of equity. Finally, and using evidence from other studies, we conclude that there are much more cost-effective ways of using scarce resources to save lives (e.g., in health care and in road safety) than pursuing the primary standards for TSP laid down by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in light of the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1977.
INFLUENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION DURING EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: Hidekazu Tsuneoka, Akira Koike, Osamu Nagayama, Koji Sakurada, Hitoshi Sawada, Kazutaka Aonuma, Tadanori Aizawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Renin-Secreting Wilms' Tumor with Severe Hypertension
Authors: ARUNABHA GANGULY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

A 4-year-old boy with Wilms' tumor presented with severe hypertension and an elevated plasma renin level. The renin content of the tumor extract was very high, whereas the renin content of the adjacent normal renal cortex was negligible. Other renin-secreting tumors associated with hypertension are discussed. A renin-secreting tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertension in young subjects with unexplained hyperreninemia. Hypokalemia may also occur as a result of secondary aldosteronism, although this was not observed in our patient.
Mandibular Lesion Differential Diagnoses in a Patient With a Previous History of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Elise Le Stanc, Didier Vilain, Anne-Catherine Baglin, Catherine Tainturier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Eighteen months after completion of radiochemotherapy treatment for a T4 squamous cell tonsil carcinoma, the patient presented with a piece of bone coming out through a submandibular fistula and had increasing pain. Several imaging modalities were used to investigate this lesion. The CT scan, orthopantomogram, and bone scintigraphy suggested osteonecrosis, whereas the F-18 FDG PET scan showed tumor recurrence. Finally, both diagnoses of osteoradionecrosis and tumor recurrence were confirmed after mandibulectomy, performed because of a mandibular pathologic fracture.
Six-Year Specialist: A Progress Report
Authors: JAMES A. RUGOWSKI, JOHN R. MARSHALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors describe a pioneer program in which approximately half of the available first-year psychiatric residency positions were given to students who had just completed their third year of medical school. They describe the problems encountered as the program was initiated, the effect it has had on other departments of the medical school, and the relationships that developed between the six-year and traditional residents. The overall effect of the program has been good, but the authors discuss some problems that remain to be worked out.
Chromosomal substitutions between rat strains with Th1- or Th2-biased responses: A novel strategy for physiogenomic studies of allergic inflammation
Authors: R.F. Lemanske, L.D. Mikus, A. Tuffaha, R.L. Sorkness, A.W. Cowley, H.J. Jacob, L.A. Rosenthal
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
The non-invasive cell surface modification of hepatocytes with PEG-lipid derivatives
Authors: Kohei Tatsumi, Kazuo Ohashi, Yuji Teramura, Rie Utoh, Kazuko Kanegae, Natsumi Watanabe, Shigeki Mukobata, Masamichi Nakayama, Hiroo Iwata, Teruo Okano
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
ABT-737 is highly effective against molecular subgroups of multiple myeloma
Authors: Linda Bodet, Patricia Gomez-Bougie, Cyrille Touzeau, Christelle Dousset, Géraldine Descamps, Sophie Maïga, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Régis Bataille, Philippe Moreau, Steven Le Gouill, Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck, Martine Amiot
Journal: Blood (2011)