tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J J Robinson, F Watson, M Phelan, R C Bucknall, S W Edwards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--Previous work has shown that synovial fluid isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis contains soluble (not sedimented by centrifugation at 11,600 g for two minutes) and insoluble (sedimented by centrifugation at 11,600 g for two minutes) immunoglobulin aggregates that are capable of activating reactive oxidant production by bloodstream neutrophils. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these types of immunoglobulin aggregates activated the secretion of reactive oxygen metabolites and granule enzymes from neutrophils. METHODS--Cell free synovial fluid (from patients with rheumatoid arthritis) was added to neutrophils isolated from blood of healthy controls that had been incubated in the presence and absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Reactive oxidant production was measured by luminol chemiluminescence (which detects both intracellular and extracellular oxidant production) and by cytochrome c reduction (which measures superoxide secretion). RESULTS--The soluble aggregates only activated neutrophils that were previously primed, and activated a rapid and transient burst of reactive oxidant secretion. On the other hand, the insoluble aggregates activated primed and unprimed neutrophils with similar efficacy and most of the oxidants generated (especially in unprimed cells) were intracellular. The soluble aggregates, but not the insoluble aggregates, also activated the secretion of myeloperoxidase from neutrophils that had either been pretreated with cytochalasin B or primed with GM-CSF. CONCLUSION--It is thus proposed that these soluble immunoglobulin aggregates are responsible for activation of the release of tissue damaging granule enzymes and reactive oxidants from primed neutrophils within the rheumatoid joint.
Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial
Authors: Paul Y Kwo, Eric J Lawitz, Jonathan McCone, Eugene R Schiff, John M Vierling, David Pound, Mitchell N Davis, Joseph S Galati, Stuart C Gordon, Natarajan Ravendhran, Lorenzo Rossaro, Frank H Anderson, Ira M Jacobson, Raymond Rubin, Kenneth Koury, Lisa D Pedicone, Clifford A Brass, Eirum Chaudhri, Janice K Albrecht
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Expanding AIDS Drug Availability
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A FOOD AND DRUG Administration (FDA) committee has endorsed in principle the concept of expanding the availability of drugs at an early stage of testing to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The driving forces behind this move include AIDS activist groups and support from such medical leaders as Anthony Fauci, MD, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. In accepting the principle, the FDA committee nevertheless grappled with a long list of potential issues that had to be left for later resolution. The committee recommended that these issues be resolved by another group that will be mandated to oversee the process of getting the idea off the ground. Among these issues are the following: Even though drugs may be made available during phase I testing, it is necessary to ensure that properly controlled clinical trials to determine efficacy will not be compromised. Some evidence must exist that
Acute Ischemic Stroke and Timing of Treatment—Reply
Authors: Jeffrey L. Saver, Gregg C. Fonarow, Lee H. Schwamm
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved Use of BMI Needed to Screen Children for Overweight
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

IT SOUNDS RELATIVELY SIMPLE: MEAsure a child’s height and weight and use those numbers to calculate body mass index (BMI), a reliable gauge of body fatness. But new research shows that despite recommendations from prominent health groups, pediatricians have not widely adopted the practice. At best, roughly half of pediatricians use BMI percentile measurements to assess overweight, but the figure dips to as few as 6% in some areas. The result is missed diagnoses of overweight and lost opportunities to help pediatric patients maintain a healthful weight and prevent comorbidities. These findings and others, reported in May at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) meeting in Toronto, illustrate the complexities pediatricians face as they try to determine the most effective ways to screen and treat patients who are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight.
Reduction in Asthma Morbidity in Children as a Result of Home Remediation Aimed at Moisture Sources
Authors: Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Dorr G. Dearborn, Mark Schluchter, Lintong Xue, H. Lester Kirchner, John Sobolewski, Stuart J. Greenberg, Stephen J. Vesper, Terry Allan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

ObjectiveHome dampness and the presence of mold and allergens have been associated with asthma morbidity. We examined changes in asthma morbidity in children as a result of home remediation aimed at moisture sources.DesignIn this prospective, randomized controlled trial, symptomatic, asthmatic children (n = 62), 2–17 years of age, living in a home with indoor mold, received an asthma intervention including an action plan, education, and individualized problem solving. The remediation group also received household repairs, including reduction of water infiltration, removal of water-damaged building materials, and heating/ventilation/air-conditioning alterations. The control group received only home cleaning information. We measured children's total and allergen-specific serum immuno-globulin E, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, and urinary cotinine. Environmental dust samples were analyzed for dust mite, cockroach, rodent urinary protein, endotoxin, and fungi. The follow-up period was 1 year.ResultsChildren in both groups showed improvement in asthma symptomatic days during the preremediation portion of the study. The remediation group had a significant decrease in symptom days (p = 0.003, as randomized; p = 0.004, intent to treat) after remodeling, whereas these parameters in the control group did not significantly change. In the postremediation period, the remediation group had a lower rate of exacerbations compared with control asthmatics (as treated: 1 of 29 vs. 11 of 33, respectively, p = 0. 003; intent to treat: 28.1% and 10.0%, respectively, p = 0.11).ConclusionConstruction remediation aimed at the root cause of moisture sources and combined with a medical/behavioral intervention significantly reduces symptom days and health care use for asthmatic children who live in homes with a documented mold problem.
Skodaic, Not Skodiac
Authors: Henry W. Woltman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reflection on line 13, column 2, of "Joseph Skoda (1805-1881) —Physical Diagnostician" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>: 240 [Oct 19] 1964): Though percussion's becoming archaic, Your piece rates a quibble prosaic: The word is<i>not</i>"Skodiac" (Does not rhythm with "zodiac") The resonance, friend, is Skod<i>aic</i>! ing"—a sensation of "vibration." Most troublesome after bilateral cordotomy were the effects of postural hypotension. The problem of understanding the neurophysiology of itching is intensified by the existence of internuncial neurons and reverberating circuits in the spinal cord. Perhaps antihistaminic medications administered orally have their effect in alleviating itching by their actions on the central nervous system in addition to the usual antihistamine mechanism.
Risk of Stroke in Users of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Margaret Thorogood
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Background and Purpose The available data on low-dose oral
contraceptive pill (OCP) use and stroke risk in US women are limited by
small numbers. We sought more precise estimates by conducting a pooled
analysis of data from 2 US population-based case-control studies.Methods We analyzed interview data from 175 ischemic stroke cases,
198 hemorrhagic stroke cases, and 1191 control subjects 18 to 44 years
of age.Results For ischemic stroke, the pooled odds ratio (pOR) adjusted
for stroke risk factors for current use of low-dose OCPs compared with
women who had never used OCP (never users) was 0.66 (95% confidence
interval [CI], 0.29 to 1.47) and compared with women not currently
using OCPs (nonusers) the pOR was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.54 to 2.21). For
hemorrhagic stroke, the pOR for current use of low-dose OCPs compared
with never users was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.93) and compared with
nonusers the pOR was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.61 to 2.01). The pORs for current
low-dose OCP use and either stroke type were not elevated among women
who were ≥35 years, cigarette smokers, obese, or not receiving medical
therapy for hypertension. pORs for current low-dose OCP use were 2.08
(95% CI, 1.19 to 3.65) for ischemic stroke and 2.15 (95% CI, 0.85 to
5.45) for hemorrhagic stroke among women reporting a history of
migraine but were not elevated among women without such a history. Past
OCP use (irrespective of formulation) was inversely related to ischemic
stroke but unrelated to hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions Women who use low-dose OCPs are, in the aggregate, not
at increased risk of stroke. Studies are needed to clarify the risk of
stroke among users who may be susceptible on the basis of age, smoking,
obesity, hypertension, or migraine
history.
Ethnicity and Estimates of Pain by Physicians
Authors: Michael P. Young
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Dr Todd and colleagues<sup>1</sup>again raises an antiquated and unscientific concept, namely, race. Although the title suggests a study on ethnic differences, race is also studied and specifically mentioned in the text as well as tables. What is particularly odd is the apparent distinction made between the Hispanic group and the non-Hispanic white group. The authors clearly categorize Hispanics as a separate racial group. The cultural, ethnic, and geographic makeup of Los Angeles Hispanics is so diverse that collectively referring to this group as a race has no meaning. Moreover, classifying any group of peoples as a race is an outmoded scientific idea. Under the rules of taxonomy, formal subdivisions of the species<i>Homo sapiens</i>are called subspecies. Human races being such a formal subdivision are therefore subspecies. The division of species into subspecies increasingly has been abandoned in recent years. In
Conn’s Current Therapy 2010
Authors: Marshall Godwin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Let's look at system failure
Authors: A. Metcalfe, A. While, D. Bick, A. M. Rafferty
Journal: BMJ (2011)

How autobiographical memories are represented in the human brain and whether this changes with time are questions central to memory neuroscience. Two regions in particular have been consistently implicated, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the hippocampus, although their precise contributions are still contested. The key question in this debate, when reduced to its simplest form, concerns where information about specific autobiographical memories is located. Here, we availed ourselves of the opportunity afforded by multivoxel pattern analysis to provide an alternative to conventional neuropsychological and fMRI approaches, by detecting representations of individual autobiographical memories in patterns of fMRI activity. We examined whether information about specific recent (two weeks old) and remote (10 years old) autobiographical memories was represented in vmPFC and hippocampus, and other medial temporal and neocortical regions. vmPFC contained information about recent and remote autobiographical memories, although remote memories were more readily detected there, indicating that consolidation or a change of some kind had occurred. Information about both types of memory was also present in the hippocampus, suggesting it plays a role in the retrieval of vivid autobiographical memories regardless of remoteness. Interestingly, we also found that while recent and remote memories were both represented within anterior and posterior hippocampus, the latter nevertheless contained more information about remote memories. Thus, like vmPFC, the hippocampus too respected the distinction between recent and remote memories. Overall, these findings clarify and extend our view of vmPFC and hippocampus while also informing systems-level consolidation and providing clear targets for future studies.
The JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) developing myelofibrosis indicates the myeloproliferative nature in a subset of MDS patients
Authors: K Ohyashiki, Y Aota, D Akahane, A Gotoh, K Miyazawa, Y Kimura, J H Ohyashiki
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Salmeterol, a new long acting inhaled beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist: comparison with salbutamol in adult asthmatic patients.
Authors: A Ullman, N Svedmyr
Journal: Thorax (1988)

<h3>Summary</h3> Primate germ cell development remains largely unexplored due to limitations in sample collection and the long duration of development. In mice, primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can develop into functional gametes by <i>in vitro</i> culture or <i>in vivo</i> transplantation. Such PGCLC-mediated induction of mature gametes in primates is highly useful for understanding human germ cell development. Since marmosets generate functional sperm earlier than other species, recapitulating the whole male germ cell development process is technically more feasible. Here, we induced the differentiation of iPSCs into gonocyte-like cells via PGCLCs in marmosets. First, we developed an mRNA transfection-based method to efficiently generate PGCLC. Subsequently, to promote PGCLC differentiation, xenoreconstituted testes (xrtestes) were generated in the mouse kidney capsule. PGCLCs show progressive DNA demethylation and stepwise expression of developmental marker genes. This study provides an efficient platform for the study of marmoset germ cell development. <h3>Highlights</h3> An mRNA transfection-based PGCLC induction method is developed Marmoset PGCLCs are efficiently induced from iPSCs Marmoset PGCLCs differentiate into gonocyte-like cells in mouse kidneys Developmentally regulated expression and demethylation are recapitulated <h3>eTOC blurb</h3> Watanabe et al. efficiently induced marmoset primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) using an mRNA transfection-based approach. PGCLCs further develop into gonocyte-like cells in the xenoreconstituted testes constructed under mouse kidney capsules. This system faithfully reproduced <i>in vivo</i> developmental processes (e.g., stage-specific expression of developmentally regulated genes and DNA demethylation).
Gender and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is There a Different Response to Thrombolysis?
Authors: Scott L. Woodfield, Conor F. Lundergan, Jonathan S. Reiner, Mark A. Thompson, Steven C. Rohrbeck, Yuri Deychak, James O. Smith, Jeffrey R. Burton, William F. McCarthy, Robert M. Califf, Harvey D. White, W.Douglas Weaver, Eric J. Topol, Allan M. Ross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Designing and Funding Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies
Authors: Karen Antman, Steven Lagakos, Jeffrey Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

New therapies require rigorous evaluation before they become part of routine clinical care. The process of evaluating new drugs and devices is well established. When a new approach to treatment is ready for human trials, a phase 1 study is conducted with small numbers of patients so that common treatment-related toxic effects can be identified rapidly. Armed with an understanding of the types of problems that may accompany the new therapeutic approach, investigators conduct a phase 2 study, usually involving many more patients, to assess the potential therapeutic efficacy. Only after the technical feasibility is established, common toxic effects are . . .
The Independent Practice Association in Theory and Practice
Authors: Budd N. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This article examines an advanced managed care area, the San Francisco East Bay Area in California, for basic organizational issues posed by managed care for the medical profession. Of the three basic structures found, the independent practice association (IPA) model is theoretically most promising. Unlike the integrated health plan, the IPA seeks to retain traditional practice autonomy. Unlike the isolating direct gatekeeper model, the IPA assembles physicians in self-directed groups to invent and implement solutions and to exert political influence upward. In practice, however, it has proved difficult to balance practice autonomy with IPA authority. Both large, successful East Bay Area IPAs show signs (perhaps inevitably) of favoring authority over autonomy, as shown by their policies on governance, membership, and administration. Several policies are suggested to help redress this balance. Medical leaders must act now, before all the evidence is in, or the institutions of the past—hospitals and insurance companies—will control our future. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1937-1942)
Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by human parvovirus.
Authors: A P Cope, A Jones, M Brozovic, M S Shafi, R N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A 59 year old woman presented with an influenza-like illness preceding signs and symptoms strongly suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which progressed over several months. Owing to these influenza-like symptoms, a viral cause of her illness was sought. Human parvovirus B19 serology was positive and antibodies to DNA were detected by two different methods. This patient is believed to be the first report of human parvovirus B19 infection coinciding with the onset of SLE. The evidence for B19 virus and the part it plays in autoimmunity and arthritis is discussed.
Foreign Medical Graduates in US Postdoctoral Programs: Concern Rises as Total Declines
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

HASAN M. KATTAN, MD, of Amman, Jordan is a second-year resident in ophthalmology at Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. He is a student exchange visitor and is in the United States on what is known as a J-1 visa, which permits him to remain in this country until his training is completed. Kattan holds an MD degree from the American University in Beirut. Next year, unless he succeeds in his present plan for obtaining an additional two-year fellowship in advanced studies in corneal and external eye diseases, he will return to his native Jordan to practice and perhaps also to teach ophthalmology. Even if he does obtain the fellowship, he still plans to go back to Jordan when that additional training has been completed. As a foreign exchange visitor, Kattan represents a disappearing species on the US medical scene. Not much more than a decade ago, non-US citizens
Impact of bone marrow hematopoiesis failure on T-cell generation during pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques
Authors: Hugues Thiebot, Bruno Vaslin, Sonia Derdouch, Jean-Marc Bertho, Franck Mouthon, Stéphane Prost, Gabriel Gras, Pierre Ducouret, Dominique Dormont, Roger Le Grand
Journal: Blood (2004)
Erratum: Corrigendum: Erbin interacts with TARP γ-2 for surface expression of AMPA receptors in cortical interneurons
Authors: Yanmei Tao, Yong-Jun Chen, Chengyong Shen, Zhengyi Luo, C Ryan Bates, Daehoon Lee, Sylvie Marchetto, Tian-Ming Gao, Jean-Paul Borg, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Quantitative Studies in Man of the Cardiovascular Effects of Reflex Vagal Stimulation Produced by Carotid Sinus Pressure: I. Localization of an Increased Effect in a Patient with Angina Pectoris
Authors: A. J. LINENTHAL, V. Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1952)

In a two year period the effect of carotid sinus pressure on auriculoventricular conduction in a 70 year old man with angina pectoris increased markedly.At first, right carotid sinus pressure gave only P-R interval prolongation.Two years later, pressure on either side produced dropped beats.The maximum effect on the sinoauricular rate remained the same.No other change could be de- tected in the patient's heart during this period.The site of the cause of the increased vagal effect was either in the intrinsic cardiac nerves to the atrioventricular node or in the node itself.
Paclitaxel-loaded poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles: Preparation and antitumor activity in vivo
Authors: Zhenshu Zhu, Yuan Li, Xiaolin Li, Rutian Li, Zhijun Jia, Baorui Liu, Wanhua Guo, Wei Wu, Xiqun Jiang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA6) associated with small polyglutamine expansions in the α1A-voltage-dependent calcium channel
Authors: Olga Zhuchenko, Jennifer Bailey, Penelope Bonnen, Tetsuo Ashizawa, David W. Stockton, Chris Amos, William B. Dobyns, S. H. Subramony, Huda Y. Zoghbi, Cheng Chi Lee
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)