tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is<i>IL28B</i>genotype associated with more than one aspect of viral clearance?
Authors: Alexander Monto, James Ryan
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although interleukin 28B (interferon, lambda 3) (IL28B) genotype affects the response of patients with chronic hepatitis C to peginterferon and ribavirin, little is known regarding its effect on response to direct-acting antivirals in interferon-free combinations. We analyzed the effects of IL28B genotype on the viral kinetic (VK) response to an interferon-free combination of the nucleoside polymerase inhibitor mericitabine (RG7128) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor danoprevir. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, dose escalation study of patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection who were interferon treatment naive or had not responded to previous therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin. Patients were sequentially assigned to 1 of 7 cohorts then randomly assigned to groups that received up to 13 days of treatment with mericitabine (500 or 1000 mg, twice daily) plus danoprevir (100 or 200 mg, every 8 hours, or 600 or 900 mg, twice daily) or placebo. Eighty three of 87 patients were genotyped for the IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860. VKs were analyzed only in patients who received 13 days of treatment, at optimal doses, using a biphasic model to describe first and second-phase slopes of viral decay during therapy. RESULTS: At day 14 (the end of interferon-free treatment), the mean reduction in the serum level of HCV RNA was slightly greater in patients with the CC polymorphism (5.01 log10 IU/mL) than those without (4.59 log10 IU/mL). Modeling revealed that patients with the CC polymorphism had slightly better early VKs, most apparent in the β-phase of viral decay. A mixed effect on the α-phase was observed, which was reduced in magnitude but prolonged in patients with CC, who also had better on-treatment response to peginterferon and ribavirin during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: IL28B genotype appears to affect early VKs in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving interferon-free treatment.
INVOLVEMENT OF IRON ACCUMULATION IN HUMAN AORTIC ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM
Authors: Hisashi Sawada, Yoshiro Naito, Hiroyuki Hao, Makiko Oboshi, Toshihiro Iwasaku, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Daisuke Morisawa, Akiyo Eguchi, Shinichi Hirotani, Yuji Miyamoto, Seiichi Hirota, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical and laboratory studies in patients with leprosy and enthesitis.
Authors: S.L Atkin, A el-Ghobarey, M Kamel, J.P Owen, W.C Dick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

In a combined clinical, radiological, and laboratory study of 77 patients throughout the leprosy spectrum, 10 patients had an enthesitis which has not been described previously as far as is known and which was not associated with the characteristics of erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. C reactive protein and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein values were significantly lowered only in those patients with leprosy and enthesitis. No radiological abnormalities were found.
Boxing: Does the Size of the Prize Affect the Drain on the Brain?-Reply
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Blows to the head damage the brain, whether or not the person who first delivers the blow is paid to deliver it. I hope the ongoing studies of brain damage from amateur boxing include boxers like Dale Foreman of Cincinnati, Ohio, who died of head injuries suffered on June 29,1996, during a 3-round Golden Gloves bout in Richmond, Ky.<sup>1</sup>
SEVEN CASES OF ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA
Authors: P. J. Cammidge, H. A. H. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1920)

April 28th.The penile sore remained bealed, and the surface bad assumed an almost normal appearance, except for a small shallow depression remaining to show where original sore had been.June 17th.Nearly four months after actual healing of sore; no sign of any recurrence.Undoubtedly the gonorrhoeal complication helped to aggravate the condition and retarded the healing of the uleer.At tlle same time it is not unlikely that the antimony tartrate injections and the antimony tartrate taken by mouth helped to light up tlle old gonorrhoeal trouble.It is, however, unquestionable that the antimonv tartrate was the only drug whlich had any effect upon the sore.Definite signs of lhealing were observed after the fourtlh injection, althouglh the patient himself declared that lhe found improvement after the second injection.
Antagonistic roles of ubiquitin ligase HEI10 and SUMO ligase RNF212 regulate meiotic recombination
Authors: Huanyu Qiao, H B D Prasada Rao, Ye Yang, Jared H Fong, Jeffrey M Cloutier, Dekker C Deacon, Kathryn E Nagel, Rebecca K Swartz, Edward Strong, J Kim Holloway, Paula E Cohen, John Schimenti, Jeremy Ward, Neil Hunter
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Marketing HPV Vaccine
Authors: Sheila M. Rothman, David J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The new vaccine against 4 types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Gardasil, like other immunizations appears to be a cost-effective intervention with the potential to enhance both adolescent health and the quality of their adult lives. However, the messages and the methods by which the vaccine was marketed present important challenges to physician practice and medical professionalism. By making the vaccine's target disease cervical cancer, the sexual transmission of HPV was minimized, the threat of cervical cancer to adolescents was maximized, and the subpopulations most at risk practically ignored. The vaccine manufacturer also provided educational grants to professional medical associations (PMAs) concerned with adolescent and women's health and oncology. The funding encouraged many PMAs to create educational programs and product-specific speakers' bureaus to promote vaccine use. However, much of the material did not address the full complexity of the issues surrounding the vaccine and did not provide balanced recommendations on risks and benefits. As important and appropriate as it is for PMAs to advocate for vaccination as a public good, their recommendations must be consistent with appropriate and cost-effective use.
Physiology and Pathology Bed Rest
Authors: A. H. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The usefulness of a reduction in ST segment elevation to predict coronary reperfusion in myocardial infarction remains uncertain. ST segment changes and angiographic findings were compared in 45 patients soon after thrombolysis. The percentage ST segment change 3 hours after treatment (in the lead showing the greatest initial ST elevation) was compared with the TIMI perfusion grade (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial) obtained between 90 minutes and 3 hours after treatment. Global ejection fraction and regional wall motion were assessed by cineventriculography (11 (5) days (mean (SD))) and by gated blood pool imaging (44 (11) days). Prediction of coronary patency by a reduction of greater than 25% in ST segment elevation 3 hours after thrombolytic treatment had a sensitivity of 97% but a specificity of only 43%. Where the ST segment elevation was reduced by greater than 25% the global ejection fraction was well maintained whether or not the infarct vessel was patent. In patients with a reduction of less than 25% in ST elevation, the ejection fraction was significantly lower and regional wall motion abnormality more severe. Reduction in ST elevation of greater than 25% within 3 hours of thrombolysis indicates either a patent infarct artery or preservation of left ventricular function. When the ST segment elevation does not fall by greater than 25% persistent coronary occlusion is likely (predictive accuracy 86%) and is associated with a lower ejection fraction. These patients may benefit from further treatment or additional interventions.
Sigmund Freud and the Art of Letter Writing
Authors: Martin Grotjahn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The study of Freud's letters is a rewarding experience. The sensitive reader feels the pleasure of a personal contact with Sigmund Freud, almost like a personal visit. His letters show, at different times, a young man's passion for life, the maturity of a scientist and discoverer, and finally the wisdom of an aged man who had suffered from life's tragedy which, nevertheless, he accepted with the strength of Moses or Job. The letters give a diary-like account of his life and work—and speak intimately to the reader who has the gift of empathy. Always he had a simple, direct, personal response to what he experienced. He trusted his perception, he was a true witness of his time and felt a great urgency to write it all down. Once he told Joan Riviere during her analysis, after she had mentioned some thoughts which occurred to her: "Write it, put it down
What does community care mean now?
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1990)

After the AsylumsWhat does community care mean now? Trish GrovesRelatives and friends provide the bulk of community care for about two million chronically ill and disabled people under 65 in England and Wales.' Nobody knows how many care for people with mental illness nor how many find that job difficult, though the experiences of voluntary organisations such as the National Schizophrenia Fellowship give some idea.The fellowship has over 6000 members and 150 local groups and in 1988 received more than 5000 appeals for help and advice (table I) from schizophrenic people and their relatives.2One of the hardest things about caring for mentally TABLE I-Number of calls to the National Schizophrenia Fellowship in 1988 according to topics ofconcern No of Deficiencies identified calls General advice 3066 Community care and treatment 678 Family support
The Road Out
Authors: H. Jack Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BMA welcomes review of NHS quangos
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of quangos in the NHS is set to fall under a radical review ordered by the health secretary to eliminate unnecessary bureaucracy in the health service.

John Reid has given the NHS chief executive, Nigel Crisp, until the end of April next year to decide the fate of 31 health watchdogs and quangos. The bodies, which …
Lowering Medical Costs Through the Sharing of Savings by Physicians and Patients
Authors: Harald Schmidt, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Current approaches to controlling health care costs have strengths and weaknesses. We propose an alternative, "inclusive shared savings," that aims to lower medical costs through savings that are shared by physicians and patients. Inclusive shared savings may be particularly attractive in situations in which treatments, such as those for gastric cancer, are similar in clinical effectiveness and have modest differences in convenience but substantially differ in cost. Inclusive shared savings incorporates features of typical insurance coverage, shared savings, and value-based insurance design but differs from value-based insurance design, which merely seeks to decrease or eliminate out-of-pocket costs. Inclusive shared savings offers financial incentives to physicians and patients to promote the use of lower-cost, but equally effective, interventions and should be evaluated in a rigorous trial or demonstration project.
The Clinical Picture of Manic-Depressive Equivalents
Authors: Sol Biloon, William Karliner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IT is generally recognized by physicians that mental disease may be the cause of physical complaints. The fact that this happens often in clinical practice is not appreciated. The report by Kaufman and Bernstein1 of a diagnostic study of 1000 problem patients in a large urban hospital reveals the very high prevalence of frank mental illness in such patients. The chief complaint in these patients was physical. The cause of this chief complaint in more than half these patients was a neurosis, a personality disorder or a psychosis. No organic disease was found in 508 of 1000 patients after careful . . .
Effect of Risk Factors on the Mechanism of Acute Thrombosis and Sudden Coronary Death in Women
Authors: Allen P. Burke, Andrew Farb, Gray T. Malcom, You-hui Liang, John Smialek, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Traditional risk factors have been linked to atherosclerotic heart disease in women. However, the effect of risk factors and menopausal status on the mechanism of sudden coronary death is unknown.We examined 51 cases of sudden coronary death and 15 hearts from women who died of trauma. Coronary deaths were divided into four mechanisms of death: ruptured plaque with acute thrombus (n = 8), eroded plaque with acute thrombus (n = 18), stable plaque with healed infarct (n = 18), and stable plaque without infarction (n = 7). Vulnerable plaques prone to rupture were defined as those with a thin, fibrous cap infiltrated by macrophages and were quantitated in coronary deaths and control subjects. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, cigarette smoking, and hypertension were determined in each case. Compared with control subjects, women with plaque ruptures had elevated TC (270 +/- 55 versus 194 +/- 44 mg/dL, P = 0.002), and those with erosions were more likely to be smokers (78% versus 33%, P = 0.01). Women with stable plaque and healed infarct had elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (10.2 +/- 5.0% versus 6.4 +/- 0.4% in control subjects, P = 0.001) and were more likely to be hypertensive (50% versus 15% in control subjects, P = 0.03). By multivariate analysis, cigarette smoking was associated with plaque erosion (P = 0.03, odds ratio [OR] 21), glycoslyated hemoglobin with stable plaque and healed infarct (P = 0.03, OR 41), TC with plaque rupture (P = 0.02, OR 7), and hypertension with stable plaque with healed infarct (P = 0.02, OR 15). Seven of 8 plaque ruptures occurred in women > 50 years of age versus 3 of 18 erosions (P = 0.001). In cases of coronary death, vulnerable plaques were associated with elevated cholesterol (P = 0.002) and age > 50 years (P = 0.002), independent of other risk factors.In women, traditional risk factors have distinct effects on the mechanisms of sudden coronary death, which vary by menopausal status. Effective risk factor modification may therefore differ between younger and older women and may be targeting different mechanisms of plaque instability.
Dispelling stereotypes associated with aging
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

As people age, they become cranky and hypochondriacal, less able to cope with stress, and uninterested in sex. If these are your impressions, you are unaware of work at the Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences of the Gerontology Research Center. Paul T. Costa, Jr, PhD, chief of the laboratory's section on stress and coping, and Robert R. McCrae, PhD, research psychologist in the section, have followed about 300 subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging for up to 12 years. Based on self-reporting and spouse questionnaires, they find personality to be "remarkably stable over time." These scientists, who feel that there is no typical "older personality," warn that lasting behavioral changes in an older person should alert family to the need for medical evaluation. Costa and McCrae have also studied coping mechanisms in the elderly. They find that age-related differences in coping are due to the different nature of stressors
Iodine content of food.
Authors: J C Stewart, G I Vidor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

only in this position and even slept in this manner.This was not an individual habit and had not been present before the onset of this illness.The only other physical signs were in the abdomen, where there was slight general distension and a characteristic tumour palpable in the left iliac fossa.Rectal examination was normal.Laparotomy was performed that evening, and an easily reducible caecocolic intussusception was found, which, owing to partial spontaneous reduction, was in the left hypochondrium.Numerous enlarged lymph nodes were found in the mesentery, and histological examination of one of these showed reactive hyperplasia.The child made an uneventful recovery.The position adopted by this child clearly relieved his pain, and in view of the anatomy in this particular case it would seem likely that the child was unconsciously using gravity in an attempt to reduce the intussusception.This sign does not feature in textbooks and is obviously unusual.It was not encountered in any of 67 cases described in clinical detail by Kark and Rundle.'However, although unusual, the sign is a dramatic one and should alert one -to the diagnosis at a glance if its significance is appreciated.
Meckel's Diverticulum and Intestinal Duplication Detected by Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy
Authors: Ji-Gang Yang, Cheng-Hong Yin, Chun-Lin Li, Lan-Fang Zou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 9-year-old boy had a 1-year history of pallor, anemia, malnutrition and fainting. One day before admission he had severe rectal bleeding with abdominal pain that required transfusion of 2500 mL blood based on diagnosis of hemorrhagic anemia. On examination, he appeared with pallor but nothing else of note. The hemoglobin was 5.3 g/100 mL. The stool specimen was positive for guaiac. Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed dynamically. Cluster and stripy abnormal radioactivity was seen in the right and low abdomen between 5 and 60 minutes post injection. At operation, Meckel diverticulum and intestine duplication with cystic dilatation were removed. The coexistence of Meckel diverticulum and intestine duplication is probably rare.
Suppression of graft-versus-host disease and amplification of graft-versus-tumor effects by activated natural killer cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: O Asai, D L Longo, Z G Tian, R L Hornung, D D Taub, F W Ruscetti, W J Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently used for the treatment of a variety of neoplastic diseases. However, significant obstacles limiting the efficacy of allogeneic BMT are the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and tumor relapse. Natural killer (NK) cells exert a variety of immunologic and homoeostatic functions. We examined whether adoptive transfer of activated NK cells of donor type would prevent GvHD after allogeneic BMT in mice. Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice, were transplanted with MHC incompatible BALB/c (H-2(d)) bone marrow cells and spleen cells and rapidly succumbed to acute GvHD. In contrast, mice that also received activated NK cells of donor type exhibited significant increases in survival. In determining the mechanism by which the NK cells prevented GvHD, mice were concurrently treated with a neutralizing antibodies to the immunosuppressive cytokine TGFbeta. Anti-TGFbeta completely abrogated the protective effects of the activated donor NK cells indicating that TGFbeta plays an important role in the prevention of GvHD by NK cells. We then examined whether activated NK cells of donor type after allogeneic BMT would induce graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effects without GvHD in mice bearing a murine colon adenocarcinoma (MCA-38). 10 d after receiving the tumor, in which the mice had demonstrable lung metastases, recipients received an allogeneic BMT with or without activated NK cells. Administration of activated NK cells resulted in significant GvT effects after allogeneic BMT as evidenced by increases in median survival and fewer lung metastasis. No evidence of GVHD was detected compared with recipients receiving spleen cells alone which also developed fewer lung metastases but in which all had succumbed to GVHD. Thus, our findings suggest that adoptive immunotherapy using activated donor NK cells combined with allogeneic BMT inhibits GvHD and promotes GvT in advanced tumor-bearing mice. These results also suggest that GvT and GvHD can be dissociable phenomena.
Dependence on dextromoramide.
Authors: J. Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1967)

This paper examines the UK Supreme Court decision in <i>Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board</i>, which deals with consent and information disclosure in medical treatment and care. It signaled a move away from a ‘doctor knows best’ approach to one that focuses on disclosing information to which particular patients would attach significance. Notwithstanding concerns about increased litigation and loss of professional autonomy, the reality is that the decision will make little difference to healthcare practice and consent in the UK. The Supreme Court has endorsed a view that most lawyers and doctors thought already prevailed, and it reflects the General Medical Council9s guidance on the issue of consent in any case. Given recent healthcare scandals in the National Health Service (NHS), the Supreme Court9s legal recognition of the importance of recognizing patient autonomy in disclosing risks about medical treatment and care is a welcome development.