tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute and chronic administration of the GABAB agonist baclofen on 24 hour pH metry and symptoms in control subjects and in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: A F Ciccaglione
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA<sub>B</sub>) agonist baclofen has been shown to reduce reflux episodes during the first three postprandial hours in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and in normal controls. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of acute (one day) and chronic (four weeks) administration of baclofen on 24 hour pH metry and symptoms in GORD patients and normal controls. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Acute study: 28 patients with GORD with none or mild oesophagitis at endoscopy and 15 controls underwent oesophageal and gastric 48 hour pH metry in which baclofen or placebo was given for 24 hours in a double blinded manner. Chronic study: 16 GORD patients received baclofen (10 mg four times daily) or placebo for four weeks. Twenty four hour oesophageal pH metry and reflux symptom scores were evaluated before and at the end of treatment. <b>Results:</b> Acute study: the number of reflux episodes and per cent time with pH &lt;4 was significantly lower after baclofen in GORD patients and controls (p&lt;0.003; p&lt;0.0007). Gastric pH increased significantly in GORD patients and controls (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.05). Chronic study: four weeks after initial administration of baclofen, the number of reflux episodes and percentage of time with pH &lt;4 significantly decreased in all GORD patients (p&lt;0.003; p&lt;0.02). Symptom scores significantly improved after treatment with baclofen (p&lt;0.0007). <b>Conclusions:</b> The GABA<sub>B</sub> agonist baclofen reduces 24 hour gastro-oesophageal reflux and increases gastric pH in GORD patients and controls. When given for one month to GORD patients, baclofen reduces oesophageal acid refluxes and significantly improves symptoms. Baclofen may be useful in the therapy of GORD.
Interventions targeting pain or behaviour in dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Marjoleine J.C. Pieper, Annelore H. van Dalen-Kok, Anneke L. Francke, Jenny T. van der Steen, Erik J.A. Scherder, Bettina S. Husebø, Wilco P. Achterberg
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2013)
Sex Differences in Cardiac Catheterization after Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Procedure Appropriateness
Authors: Saif S. Rathore, Yongfei Wang, Martha J. Radford, Diana L. Ordin, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Many studies have found that women are less likely than men to have cardiac catheterization after an acute myocardial infarction; however, it is unknown whether sex differences reflect inappropriate treatment. Objective: To ascertain whether cardiac catheterization use after acute myocardial infarction in men and women varied by sex and the appropriateness of the procedure, as determined by clinical guidelines. Design: Retrospective analysis of chart-abstracted data. Setting: U.S. acute-care hospitals. Patients: 143 444 Medicare patients who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction between 1994 and 1996. Measurements: Cardiac catheterization use within 60 days of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Results: Women had lower crude rates of cardiac catheterization than men (35.7% for women vs. 46.5% for men [P < 0.001]; difference, 10.8 percentage points). Multivariable adjustment for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics reduced most of the sex differences in procedure use (risk-standardized rates, 40.3% for women vs. 41.9% for men [P < 0.001]; difference, 1.6 percentage points). Sex differences in cardiac catheterization use varied by the appropriateness of the procedure. Risk-standardized rates of cardiac catheterization were similar for men and women with strong indications for the procedure (44.1% for women vs. 44.6% for men [P > 0.2]; difference, 0.5 percentage point). Rates of cardiac catheterization use among patients with weak indications did not significantly differ between men and women (16.5% for women vs. 18.0% for men [P = 0.096]; difference, 1.5 percentage points). Sex differences in cardiac catheterization use were largest for patients with equivocal indications (39.4% for women vs. 42.5% for men [P < 0.001]; difference, 3.1 percentage points). Conclusions: Among elderly persons, women have lower rates of cardiac catheterization use after an acute myocardial infarction than men. However, this difference was attenuated after multivariable adjustment, and it occurred primarily in patients with equivocal indications. We found no sex variations in procedure use among patients who had strong indications for cardiac catheterization.
Randomised controlled trial of lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Authors: M. G. Brook, G. Chan, I. Yap, P. Karayiannis, A. M. Lever, M. Jacyna, J. Main, H. C. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To confirm the findings of pilot studies that interferon alfa is an effective treatment of Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial of three months treatment with interferon alfa followed by 12 months of observation. SETTING--Outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS--37 Treated men (six anti-HIV positive) and 34 untreated men (nine anti-HIV positive) who met the criteria for the trial. Four controls failed to complete follow up. INTERVENTIONS--The treated group received subcutaneous injections of 5-10 MU interferon alfa/m2 daily for five days, then 10 MU/m2 thrice weekly for 11 weeks. Follow up continued at monthly intervals for 12 months. Untreated controls were monitored over the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA state after 15 months of observation. RESULTS--12 Of the 37 treated patients cleared hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA, whereas only one of 30 untreated controls seroconverted over the same period--an increased response rate of 29% (95% confidence interval 13% to 45%). The life table estimate of response at 15 months was 35% in treated patients, an increase of 32% above controls (95% confidence interval 16% to 48%). The response rates in groups by predictive pretreatment variables were 12 of 31 anti-HIV negative patients (excess response 34%; 95% confidence interval 14% to 54%), 12 of 26 with chronic active hepatitis before treatment (excess response 46%; 27% to 65%), and 12 of 21 with a pretreatment serum aspartate aminotransferase activity greater than 70 IU/l (excess response 46%; 16% to 76%). The combination of these factors predicted response with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%. Four of the 12 responders, who had all been infected for less than two years, also lost hepatitis B surface antigen. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS--Interferon alfa is effective in the treatment of a proportion of Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, who might be identified before treatment. Additional strategies are required to improve the rate of response.
Mitral Regurgitation and MI Mortality
Authors: Olayinka F. Sogade
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 March 1993Mitral Regurgitation and MI MortalityOlayinka F. Sogade, MD and Ernesto A. Jonas, MDOlayinka F. Sogade, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Ernesto A. Jonas, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-5-199303010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lehman and associates [1] raised the issue of poor prognosis and high mortality in patients with varying degrees of mitral regurgitation in the setting of myocardial infarction.However, mitral regurgitation is mild in most such patients, and the prognosis appears to be related primarily to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction [1]. This is especially true of mitral regurgitation caused by mitral annular dilatation, which is at least as common in anterior wall infarcts as in posterior or inferior infarcts [2]. Thus, the mechanism is more important than the mere presence of mitral regurgitation, especially when mild.... References1. Izumi S, Miyatake K, Beppu S, Park YD, Nagata S, Kinoshita N, et al. Mechanism of mitral regurgitation in patients with myocardial infarction: a study using real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging and echocardiography. Circulation. 1987; 76:777-85. Google Scholar2. De Servi S, Vaccari L, Assandri J, Poma E, Cioffi P, Scire A, et al. Clinical significance of mitral regurgitation in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1988; 9(Suppl F):5-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 5Page: 395-396KeywordsMitral insufficiencyMortalityMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 March 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A PERSISTENT OCCIPITO-TRANSVERSE PRESENTATION: LABOUR OBSTRUCTED AT THE PELVIC OUTLET
Authors: H. Chapple
Journal: BMJ (1912)

rhages, Professor Malcolm suggested that tlle circulation of the toxit.in the blood damnaged the enidothelium of the vessels, tDva producing greater permeability in the walls of the vess(sg, and a greater liability of the capillaries to rupture.It is alqa possible that the contractile power of the elastic and muscular walls is diminished; this would account for the post-partun haewnorrhages.
Mitochondrial Genomes of Galathealinum, Helobdella, and Platynereis: Sequence and Gene Arrangement Comparisons Indicate that Pogonophora Is Not a Phylum and Annelida and Arthropoda Are Not Sister Taxa
Authors: Jeffrey L. Boore, Wesley M. Brown
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

We report a contiguous region of more than half (>7,500 nt) of the mitochondrial genomes for Platynereis dumerii (Annelida: Polychaeta), Helobdella robusta (Annelida: Hirudinida), and Galathealinum brachiosum (Pogonophora: Perviata). The relative arrangements of all 22 genes identified for Helobdella and Galathealinum are identical to one another and to their arrangements in the mtDNA of the previously studied oligochaete annelid Lumbricus. In contrast, Platynereis differs from these taxa in the positions of several tRNA genes and in having two additional tRNA genes (trnC and trnM) and a large noncoding sequence in this region. Comparisons of relative gene arrangements and of the nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences among these and other published taxa provide strong support for an annelid-mollusk clade that excludes arthropods, and for the inclusion of pogonophorans within Annelida, rather than giving them separate phylum status. Gene arrangement comparisons include the first use of a recently described method on previously unpublished data. Although a variety of alternative initiation codons are typically used by mitochondrial protein-encoding genes, ATG appears to be the initiator for all but one reported here. The large noncoding region (1,091 nt) identified in Platynereis has no significant sequence similarity to the noncoding region of Lumbricus, although each contains runs of TA dinucleotides and of homopolymers, which could potentially serve as signaling elements. There is strong bias for synonymous codon usage in Helobdella and especially in Galathealinum. In this latter taxon, 5 codons are completely unused, 13 are used three or fewer times, and G appears at third codon positions in only 26 of the 2,236 codons. Nucleotide composition bias appears to influence amino acid composition of the proteins.
Stem Cell Factor in Mast Cells and Increased Mast Cell Density in Idiopathic and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vincenzo Patella, Isabella Marinò, Eloisa Arbustini, Bärbel Lamparter-Schummert, Laura Verga, Monika Adt, Gianni Marone
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We compared cardiac mast cell (HHMC) density and the immunological and nonimmunological release of mediators from mast cells isolated from heart tissue of patients with idiopathic dilated (DCM) (n=24) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) (n=10) undergoing heart transplantation and from control subjects (n=10) without cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results —HHMC density in DCM (18.4±1.6 cells/mm 2 ) and ICM (18.4±1.5 cells/mm 2 ) was higher than that in control hearts (5.3±0.7 cells/mm 2 ; P &lt;.01). The histamine and tryptase contents of DCM and ICM hearts were higher than those of control hearts. The histamine content of the hearts was correlated with mast cell density ( r s =.91; P &lt;.001). Protein A/gold staining of heart tissue revealed stem cell factor (SCF), the principal growth, differentiating, and activating factor of human mast cells, in HHMC secretory granules. Histamine release from cardiac mast cells caused by immunological (anti-IgE and rhSCF) and nonimmunological stimuli (Ca 2+ ionophore A23187) was higher in patients with DCM and ICM compared with control subjects. Immunological activation of HHMC induced a significantly greater release of tryptase and LTC 4 in patients with DCM and ICM compared with control subjects. Conclusions —Histamine and tryptase content and mast cell density are higher in failing hearts than in control hearts. SCF, present in secretory granules of HHMC, might represent an autocrine factor sustaining mast cell hyperplasia in heart tissue in these patients. The increased local release of fibrogenic factors (eg, histamine, tryptase, and leukotriene C 4 ) might contribute to collagen accumulation in the hearts of patients with cardiomyopathy.
Olmsted syndrome: report of a new case
Authors: J. FRIAS-INIESTA, P. SANCHEZ-PEDREÑO, J.A. MARTINEZ-ESCRIBANO, A. JIMENEZ-MARTINEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report the case of a 20-year-old man, who was born with an intense erythema of the genital area, unresponsive to any treatment employed. When he was 9 months old, he presented with well-defined hyperkeratotic erythematous plaques around the mouth, eyes, nose, and perianal area, with similar plaques on the lateral aspect of the neck and axillae. At the same time the erythema of the genital area became hyperkeratotic. When he was 2 years old, he presented with a disabling palmoplantar keratoderma, initially focal, and later diffuse, also unresponsive to local or systemic treatments employed. The lesions have varied during the course of the disease without ever clearing completely. The axillary and inguinal plaques have shown spontaneous resolution on occasion. Six skin biopsies have been performed with no conclusive histological diagnosis of any of the typical disorders of keratinization. All treatments, topical and systemic, including etretinate and acitretin, have failed to improve the condition. We believe that this patient has Olmsted syndrome, a rare form of palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques.
Experiment in managing sociopathic behaviour disorders.
Authors: M Woodside, A Harrow, J V Basson, J W Affleck
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A ward catering for both sexes admitted patients with aggressive suicidal, or otherwise disturbed behaviour for observation and treatment until decisions could be made about their long-term needs. Patients were referred from the police, special hospitals, and the courts and some were transferred from other wards in the hospital. A third of the first 100 patients were admitted for forensic reasons. Twelve inmates were discharged to long-term accommodation for disturbed patients. The ward was intended to provide fairly short-term accommodation, though no time limits were set, and it was run as a medium secure unit. The ward was run by 16-18 nurses with support from medical teams, occupational therapists, and clinical psychologists. It has secured its status as a special unit within the hospital and will continue with the active support of the hospital staff.
Toxicity of Amanita muscaria
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE EASILY RECOGNIZABLE orange- or red-capped fly agaric<i>Amanita muscaria</i>is traditionally so named because it has been used to kill flies. Whether or not it is effective for this purpose, it has been considered for centuries to be one of the more toxic wild mushrooms. Mycologists are not in complete agreement as to whether it is really deadly to human beings, although all advise against eating it. The English authority, J. Ramsbottom, believes it probable that it does not cause death in healthy people.<sup>1</sup>Robert Graves, the celebrated author of<i>Food for Centaurs</i>and a knowledgeable amateur mycophagist, criticized Dorothy Sayers' choice of the fly amanita as the cause of death of one of her characters in<i>Documents in the Case</i>. He thinks it is not lethal even when eaten raw, but very hot to the taste, and "sends one Berserk." He also believes it was what the
Improved Diagnostic Testing and Malaria Treatment Practices in Zambia
Authors: Davidson H. Hamer, Micky Ndhlovu, Dejan Zurovac, Matthew Fox, Kojo Yeboah-Antwi, Pascalina Chanda, Naawa Sipilinyambe, Jonathon L. Simon, Robert W. Snow
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Improving the accuracy of malaria diagnosis with rapid antigen-detection diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been proposed as an approach for reducing overtreatment of malaria in the current era of widespread implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa.To assess the association between use of microscopy and RDT and the prescription of antimalarials.Cross-sectional, cluster sample survey, carried out between March and May 2006, of all outpatients treated during 1 working day at government and mission health facilities in 4 sentinel districts in Zambia.Proportions of patients undergoing malaria diagnostic procedures and receiving antimalarial treatment.Seventeen percent of the 104 health facilities surveyed had functional microscopy, 63% had RDTs available, and 73% had 1 or more diagnostics available. Of patients with fever (suspected malaria), 27.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.1%-42.5%) treated in health facilities with malaria diagnostics were tested and 44.6% had positive test results. Of patients with negative blood smear results, 58.4% (95% CI, 36.7%-80.2%) were prescribed an antimalaria drug, as were 35.5% (95% CI, 16.0%-55.0%) of those with a negative RDT result. Of patients with fever who did not have diagnostic tests done, 65.9% were also prescribed antimalarials. In facilities with artemether-lumefantrine in stock, this antimalarial was prescribed to a large proportion of febrile patients with a positive diagnostic test result (blood smear, 75.0% [95% CI, 51.7%-98.3%]; RDT, 70.4% [95% CI, 39.3%-100.0%]), but also to some of those with a negative diagnostic test result (blood smear, 30.4% [95% CI, 8.0%-52. 9%]; RDT, 26.7% [95% CI, 5.7%-47.7%]).Despite efforts to expand the provision of malaria diagnostics in Zambia, they continue to be underused and patients with negative test results frequently receive antimalarials. Provision of new tools to reduce inappropriate use of new expensive antimalarial treatments must be accompanied by a major change in clinical treatment of patients presenting with fever but lacking evidence of malaria infection.
THE RELATIONS EXISTING BETWEEN OCULISTS AND OPTICIANS.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In presenting this paper before your society, I am impressed with the advisability of an oculist laying before a body of influential general practitioners one of the evils of ophthalmology. It is unnecessary to argue this matter in an ophthalmological society or section, as<i>we</i>clearly appreciate and understand the argument. But it is desirable that our common friend and mother, the general school of medicine and surgery, should listen to our views, and render us that aid and cordial cooperation we so earnestly and righteously desire, and feel we have a right to expect and and demand. Many of you, practicing in more general lines of work or separating yourselves into other special fields, do not thoroughly understand and appreciate the importance and gravity of the situation, and often, I fear, nay, I am sure, lend your influence by indifference or positive advice, to the perpetuation and prosperity of
Measuring Body Image
Authors: Finn Askevold
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

A new, very simple and inexpensive METHOD FOR MEASUREING BODY IMage is described. A number of female patients with different somatic complaints were investigated. A specific patterning of body image related to the localization of somatic complaints is revealed. Anorexic and obese patients have an overall larger body image while the distortions in other conditions mostly go on the elevation in the vertical axis. Different aspects of this way of measuring body image are discussed, but the difference of the patterning is clear. This is a preliminary report on the new method.
Ineffectiveness of Topical Idoxuridine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide for Therapy for Genital Herpes
Authors: Dianne L. Silvestri
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The efficacy and toxicity of topical applications of 30% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide alone, or saline in 96 recurrent and 39 first episodes of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were compared. Drug was applied to lesions four times daily for seven days. In recurrent episodes, the duration of viral shedding after beginning idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide use was significantly shorter (0.6 days) than with dimethyl sulfoxide (1.4 days) or saline (2.0 days) (P less than .05). In primary episodes, viral shedding lasted 2.6 days with idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide and 8.4 days with dimethyl sulfoxide or saline. Idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect in recurrent or primary HSV on duration of symptoms, new lesion formation, healing time, or risk of subsequent recurrence. Complications in patients given idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide included local burning, generalized contact dermatitis, and vulvar carcinoma in situ. Thirty percent idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide has no effect on clinical manifestations of genital HSV infection and may be hazardous.
High prevalence of oncogenic MYD88 and CD79B mutations in primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: W Kraan, M van Keimpema, H M Horlings, E J M Schilder-Tol, M E C M Oud, L A Noorduyn, P M Kluin, M J Kersten, M Spaargaren, S T Pals
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Outcomes in the Era of Bare-Metal Stents vs the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents—Reply
Authors: David J. Malenka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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