tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Inertia of the Beta Cell: The Primary Lesion of Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Holbrooke S. Seltzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Biochemical Inertia of the Beta Cell: The Primary Lesion of Diabetes Mellitus.Holbrooke S. Seltzer, M.D. (Associate)Holbrooke S. Seltzer, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-715_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn mild diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia persists despite excessive plasma insulin concentrations. This phenomenon could result either from blunted beta cell responsiveness or from peripheral blockade of insulin action. In the present study, maximal insulin secretion after sudden glucose challenge was greater and occurred six times faster in 18 normal subjects than in 10 mild diabetics. During paired oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, blood glucose (Somogyi), and plasma insulin (immunoassay) were determined at 5, 10, 20, 30 min, then half-hourly.Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests:In normals, blood glucose peaked at 30 min (112 ± 4 mg per 100 ml, mean... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dallas, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe purinergic nerve hypothesis and insulin secretion 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 715-716KeywordsBlood plasmaGlucoseGlucose tolerance testsHematologic testsHyperglycemiaImmunoassaysInsulinInsulin secretionLesionsOral glucose tolerance test Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
AGE-RELATED CHEMOSENSITIVITY OF STEM CELLS FROM HUMAN MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMOURS
Authors: MarkL. Rosenblum, DoloresV. Dougherty, GeoffreyR. Barger, VictorA. Levin, Massimo Gerosa, Connie Reese, RichardL. Davis, CharlesB. Wilson
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
CD169+ macrophages provide a niche promoting erythropoiesis under homeostasis and stress
Authors: Andrew Chow, Matthew Huggins, Jalal Ahmed, Daigo Hashimoto, Daniel Lucas, Yuya Kunisaki, Sandra Pinho, Marylene Leboeuf, Clara Noizat, Nico van Rooijen, Masato Tanaka, Zhizhuang Joe Zhao, Aviv Bergman, Miriam Merad, Paul S Frenette
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE THERAPY OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY.
Authors: NEWTON M. SHAFFER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The development of orthopedic surgery, as a specialty, has been attended by some incidents and circumstances which I think invite especial comment, for, more perhaps than any other specialty in medicine, its evolution has been influenced by a few men whose personality and whose acknowledged ability, especially in a mechanical way, have contributed to the present successful status. The influence of these pioneers, supplemented by the modern developments of operative surgery, has been to establish in the minds of many some doubt as to what orthopedic surgery really is. Modern orthopedic surgery in this country may be said to date from the time of Dr. Henry J. Bigelow of Boston, who wrote a "Manual of Orthopedic Surgery," which obtained the Boylston prize for 1844. The essay was on this subject: "In what cases, and to what extent, is the division of muscles, tendons and others parts, proper for
769-1 The Influence of Pravastatin on Progression and Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Men with Normal or Mildly Raised Serum Cholesterol. Results of the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS)
Authors: Albert V.G. Bruschke, J. Wouter Jukema, Ad J. van Boven, Johan H.C. Reiber, Egbert T. Bal, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Kong I. Lie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Reliability of automated blood pressure devices used by hypertensive patients
Authors: William C W Wong, Ivan K L Shiu, Thomas M T Hwong, James A Dickinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Automated blood pressure (BP) devices are used by many hypertensive patients in Hong Kong, with or without medical advice. At two community clinics, we invited hypertensive patients aged between 40 and 70 years who used such a device to fill in a questionnaire and to have four sets of BP measurements, automated and mercury, at two visits. Of 290 hypertensive patients 120 fulfilled the criteria, and 73 of these agreed to participate. 53 devices measured arm BP, 21 measured forearm BP. The agreement between the mercury sphygmomanometer and the automated devices was poor, with average differences of 9.5 mmHg for systolic and 9.4 mmHg for diastolic and no clear advantage for either site of measurement. As a means of screening for BP >140/90 mmHg the sensitivity of the automated devices was 81% and the specificity was 80%. There were large variations in how often and under what circumstances the devices had been used. One-fifth of the devices had been acquired on medical advice but only 11% of the participants were aware of the three important conditions for operating such devices. Discussion of automated devices, their role and proper use, should now be part of routine hypertensive care.
Treatment of Acute Haematogenous Osteitis in Children Assessed in a Consecutive Series of Selected Cases
Authors: G. A. Neligan, F. M. Elderkin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Experiments on the use of mineral oil adjuvants and aluminium phosphate as an adjuvant showed little promise, although aluminium phosphate may be of value for concentrating and purifying antigen.We are indebted to the following for help with this work: Dr. K. Fantes (Glaxo Group Limited) for adsorbing rhinoviruses on to aluminium phosphate gel; Dr. F. Himmelweit for supplying Drakeol-Arlacel; Mr.
The incidence of, and factors leading to, parvovirus B19-related hydrops fetalis following maternal infection; report of 10 cases and meta-analysis
Authors: N. Yageashi, T. Niinuma, H. Chisaka, T. Watanabe, S. Uehara, K. Okamura, S. Moffatt, K. Sugamura, A. Yajima
Journal: Journal of Infection (1998)
A subpopulation of normal human peripheral B lymphcytes that bind IgE.
Authors: A Gonzalez-Molina, H L Spiegelberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Isolated normal human peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed for their ability to bind IgE as shown by rosette formation with aldehydefixed ox red cells coated with an IgE myeloma protein (Eo'-IgE) as indicator cells. An average of 4.3% of the cells in the lymphocyte preparations of 12 donors formed Eo'-IgE rosettes. The lymphocyte preparations contained an average of 0.36% basophils which also formed Eo'-IgE' rosettes, suggestiing that about 4% of the lymphocytes bound IgE. The rosette formation was inhibited by IgE myeloma protiens or IgE Fc fragments but not by IgE Fab fragments or Ig of the other classes. On the average, the lymphocytes of the 12 donors contained 70.5% cells forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E), 10.6% cells having surface immunoglobulin (SIg), and 15.5% bunding IgG as shown by rosette formation with IgG-coated ox red cells (EoA). Fractionation of the lymphocytes into populations rich in spontaneously E-rosetting cells and cells with SIg indicated that the majority of the lymphocytes forming Eo'-IgE rosettes belonged to the SIg-positive lymphocytes. Analyses of lymphocyte populations lacking cells forming EoA rosettes and of rosetting with mixed indicator cells both demonstrated that over 90% of the lymphocytes forming Eo'-IgE rosettes did not form EoA rosettes and apparently had no Fc receptors for IgG. Pretreatment of the lymphocytes with trypsin in amounts that did not alter the number of EoA-rosetting cells abolished the Eo'-IgE rosette formation. These data indicate that a subpopulation of normal human peripheral lymphocytes, probably belonging to the B-cell type, binds IgE presumably via trypsin-sensitive receptors specific for the Fc fragment of IgE. The surface markers of these lymphocytes resemble those of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells that have recently been shown to bind IgE.
Acquisition of JAK2, PTPN11, and RAS mutations during disease progression in primary myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: C-Y Chen, L-I Lin, J-L Tang, W Tsay, H-H Chang, Y-C Yeh, C-F Huang, R-J Chiou, M Yao, B-S Ko, Y-C Chen, K-H Lin, D-T Lin, H-F Tien
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Sliding set-points of immune responses for therapy of autoimmunity
Authors: Chyi-Song Hsieh, Jhoanne Lynne Bautista
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Although recent developments in the treatment of autoimmune disease have dramatically improved patient outcomes, these medications are not curative. Two studies in this issue demonstrate the feasibility of curing spontaneous autoimmunity in animal models via short-term enhancement of naturally arising regulatory T (T reg) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells needed for maintaining self-tolerance. Importantly, these therapies seemed to generate a new equilibrium, or “set-point,” at which self-tissue damage no longer occurred long after the drug was eliminated from the body.
Basophil Suppression in Peanut Allergic Patients undergoing Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (OIT)
Authors: A. Thyagarajan, S.M. Jones, A.R. Kemper, L. Pons, M. Kulis, C. Woo, S. Yoo, A.W. Burks, W.G. Shreffler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Evidence of a role for B cell–activating factor of the TNF family in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Atsushi Kato, Anju Peters, Lydia Suh, Roderick Carter, Kathleen E. Harris, Rakesh Chandra, David Conley, Leslie C. Grammer, Robert Kern, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Serum Chromium Levels
Authors: Jacques Versieck
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We refer to the report "Chromium Deficiency During Total Parenteral Nutrition" by Freund et al (241:496, 1979). Certainly, the dramatic response to chromium supplementation strongly suggests that the severe glucose intolerance, weight loss, and metabolic encephalopathy-like confusional state that developed in a patient after complete bowel resection and five months' parenteral nutrition was due to chromium deficiency. However, we disagree with the authors when they state that definitive evidence was obtained by measuring the serum chromium level, which was 0.5 μg/dL, the normal values being 0.5 to 9.0 μg/dL. For years, controversy has existed about the serum chromium concentration in normal persons. Reported mean values vary from 0.073 μg/dL (range, 0.023 to 0.190 μg/dL)<sup>1</sup>to 15 μg/dL (range, 4.1 to 25.1 μg/dL).<sup>2</sup>In 20 normal persons we found a mean value of 0.016 μg/dL, with an SD of 0.0083 μg/dL, and a range of 0.00382
Diagnosis of Gonorrhea
Authors: David C. Carlyle
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With regard to the Gram's stain used for the diagnosis of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>infection in men mentioned by Riccardi and Felman, I have found this method to be reliable and pass along a useful hint that has increased the yield and confidence that can be placed in the diagnosis of<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>infection on Gram's stain of the male urethral discharge. Often the patient will have urinated or be in the earliest stages of the disease when he is first seen, and a false-negative result can be found on Gram's stain of the direct smear. When the Gram's stain of the direct smear is negative, but the history and symptoms support a high suspicion for infection with<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>, we now do a Gram's stain of the spun urine specimen. The results of this have frequently been positive for Gram-negative intracellular diplococci; this eliminated the need for
Blood platelet kinetics and platelet transfusion
Authors: Richard H. Aster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The discovery of citrate anticoagulant in the 1920s and the development of plastic packs for blood collection in the 1960s laid the groundwork for platelet transfusion therapy on a scale not previously possible. A major limitation, however, was the finding that platelet concentrates prepared from blood anticoagulated with citrate were unsuitable for transfusion because of platelet clumping. We found that this could be prevented by simply reducing the pH of platelet-rich plasma to about 6.5 prior to centrifugation. We used this approach to characterize platelet kinetics and sites of platelet sequestration in normal and pathologic states and to define the influence of variables such as anticoagulant and ABO incompatibility on post-transfusion platelet recovery. The "acidification" approach enabled much wider use of platelet transfusion therapy until alternative means of producing concentrates suitable for transfusion became available.
Amphetamine and Phenmetrazine Addiction
Authors: I. Oswald, V. R. Thacore
Journal: BMJ (1963)

thiazines in obstetrics, in which they assessed the patients' response after one dose of the drug under test and demon- strated a significant difference between the phenothiazines and the placebo.These present trials were, however, designed to assess therapy under normal labour ward conditions, which is a more realistic method than the single-dose test.So far as promazine was concerned the double-blind trials confirmed the safety suggested by a pilot study and showed it to be an effective agent for controlling agitation and potentiating analgesics in labour.An anti-emetic effect was also shown.Maternal tachycardia was the only adverse effect, but this did not appear to have any clinical significance.Hypo- tension is a recognized risk of phenothiazine administration, but although no serial blood-pressure readings were made there were no cases of clinical hypotension in the 785 patients in the series treated with promazine.Summary Three consecutive controlled clinical trials of promazine (sparine) were carried out on 1,565 maternity cases in the same unit.The first, a retrospective toxicity study of 993 consecutive cases, confirmed the safety of promazine sug- gested by the literature, despite a tendency towards maternal tachycardia.The reduction in vomiting from 5% to 1% and a corresponding reduction in the need for intravenous fluids suggested a powerful anti-emetic effect in the promazine group.In the first double-blind trial of 280 cases subjective relief was assessed by the average condition of the patient at various stages of labour.This method failed to demon- strate any significant difference between placebo and promazine groups.In a second double-blind trial of 292 cases subjective relief was assessed at a fixed time after each drug admini- stration.The results showed a significant difference between the promazine and placebo groups (see Table IV).Taking all dosage levels, 58.5% of promazine cases and 36.1 % of placebo cases showed marked improvement in pain.The corresponding figures for " mental state " were 63.2% for promazine cases and 36.2% for placebo cases.The methods of conducting and interpreting the results of obstetric trials are discussed in some detail.In conclusion it is suggested that promazine, with its tranquillizing, analgesic-potentiating, and anti-emetic properties, is a useful adjunct to therapy in labour.Statistically, no increased risks were noted to mother or child and it appears that this phenothiazine derivative is a valuable addition to the therapeutic agents used in hospital obstetric practice.I would like to express my thanks to Mr. D. M. Stern and Mr. C. W. F. Burnett for encouraging these clinical trials and for their criticism
Kantilal Chaturbhai Patel
Authors: N. K Patel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant physician and paediatrician Nairobi, Kenya (b Tanzania 1928; q Bombay, India, 1953; DCh, MD, FRCP Ed), died from metastatic oesophageal cancer on 19 December 2002.​2002.




Figure 1




Kantilal C Patel was one of the first postgraduate qualified physicians and paediatricians to enter Kenya, where he practised from 1961 until his retirement in 1998. His origins were humble, and he was sent to his native village in India at the age of four, where he was brought up by his grandmother. After qualifying and postgraduate studies, he came to the United Kingdom in 1959 to further his postgraduate experience. He was senior registrar in paediatrics at the City General Hospital in Sheffield before migrating to Kenya. He later decided to concentrate mainly on adult medicine, and subspecialised in cardiology. He leaves a wife, three children, and five grandchildren.
Dynamic Simultaneous Anterior and Posterior Imaging of Transplant and Native Renal Function Using Dual-headed Gamma Camera
Authors: SUZANNE T. MASTIN, WALTER E. DRANE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors describe the nonvisualization of a renal transplant on DTPA scan with late visualization of activity within the bladder in a 27-year-old patient with diabetes. Origin of bladder activity was later clarified by dynamic anterior and posterior imaging using MAG 3 and an extra large field-of-view, dual-headed gamma camera.
Reporting Enrollment in Clinical Trials
Authors: Joseph H. Friedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002Reporting Enrollment in Clinical TrialsJoseph H. Friedman, MDJoseph H. Friedman, MDMemorial Hospital of Rhode Island; Pawtucket, RI 02860Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Gross and colleagues (1) seem to have overlooked some issues involved in the performance of a clinical study. Study recruitment involves many methods and often many people. Several of my patients have indicated that they would never enter a research study, hence they are never asked. Are they eligible decliners or not? An eligible patient may agree to participate but then find that his caretaker cannot bring him to the extra required visits. Responders to an advertisement may be potentially eligible but decline because of the number of visits required, because of time constraints, or before eligibility ...Reference1. Gross CP, Mallory R, Heiat A, Krumholz HM. Reporting the recruitment process in clinical trials: who are these patients and how did they get there? Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:10-6. [PMID: 12093240] LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Low-dose clozapine for the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:757-63. [PMID: 10072410] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph H. Friedman, MDAffiliations: Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island; Pawtucket, RI 02860 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There? Cary P. Gross , Raburn Mallory , Asefeh Heiat , and Harlan M. Krumholz Reporting Enrollment in Clinical Trials Gregory A. Abel Reporting Enrollment in Clinical Trials Cary P. Gross and Harlan Krumholz Reporting Enrollment in Clinical Trials Scott D. Halpern Metrics 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1007KeywordsClinical trial reporting ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Short term persistence of human papillomavirus and risk of cervical precancer and cancer: population based cohort study
Authors: P. E Castle, A. C. Rodriguez, R. D Burk, R. Herrero, S. Wacholder, M. Alfaro, J. Morales, D. Guillen, M. E Sherman, D. Solomon, M. Schiffman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To evaluate the cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II or worse (grade II+) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III+ after short term persistence of prevalently detected carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Design Population based cohort study. Setting Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Participants 2282 sexually active women actively followed after enrolment. Main outcome measures Primary end points: three year and five year cumulative incidence of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ (n=70). Cervical specimens collected at each visit tested for more than 40 HPV genotypes. HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82 were considered the primary carcinogenic genotypes. Results Women who tested positive for a carcinogenic HPV at enrolment and after about one year (9-21 months) (positive/positive) had a three year cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ of 17.0% (95% confidence interval 12.1% to 22.0%). Those who tested negative/positive (3.4%, 0.1% to 6.8%), positive/negative (1.2%, −0.2% to 2.5%), and negative/negative (0.5%, 0.1% to 0.9%) were at a significantly lower risk. There was little difference in the cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ between testing positive twice for any carcinogenic HPV genotype (same genotype or different genotypes) v testing positive twice for the same carcinogenic genotype (17.0% v 21.3%, respectively). Short term persistence of HPV 16 strongly predicted cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+, with a three year cumulative incidence of 40.8% (26.4% to 55.1%). Similar patterns were observed for the five year cumulative incidence of grade II+ and for three year and five year cumulative incidence of grade III+. Conclusions Short term persistence of a prevalently detected carcinogenic HPV infection, especially HPV 16, strongly predicts a subsequent diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II+ over the next few years.
Reply to M. Chao et al
Authors: Heidi Nelson, Daniel Sargent, Vassiliki Tsikitis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We would like to thank Drs Chao and Gibbs for their interest in our report. 1As pointed out, our study presented data supporting that early-stage (I and IIa) colon cancer patients experienced similar benefits from postoperative surveillance as late-stage (IIb and III) patients, with salvage rates of 35.9% and 37%, and median survival after second surgery of 51.2 and 35.8 months, respectively.Our study 2 also showed that patients with early-stage disease were less likely to experience multiple sites of recurrence (3.6%) compared with patients with latestage disease (28.6%).We concluded that some patients with earlystage disease can and do benefit from postoperative surveillance.We acknowledge that ours was not a comparative effectiveness study, rather it was a study undertaken to provide data to inform an unresolved clinical question.Data from the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) trial of laparoscopic versus open colectomy for cancer provided a unique opportunity to establish the potential benefit of observing patients with early-stage disease, a population for which there are no guidelines and for which there are diverse and inconsistent clinical practices.This data was gathered and reported in a manner similar, if not identical, to the processes used to generate existing surveillance guidelines.We fully agree with Drs Chao and Gibbs that there are limitations to our study.Current surveillance tests, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, are neither highly sensitive nor highly specific, and there are unintended consequences, both emotional and economic, from false positives.We also agree that all clinical practices should undergo rigorous comparative effectiveness analyses, considering risks, benefits, and costs, and should be reported in terms that allow uniform cross-specialty comparisons.Although it was beyond the scope of our project to assess the economic and social impact of implementing a surveillance program, the findings did compel us to state the patient benefits that surveillance provided to the population under investigation.We would not expect a single study, such as this, to set policy, but it at least it starts to address an unresolved clinical question that is repeatedly raised by patients and practitioners.