tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy of Advanced Hodgkin's Disease With Curative Intent
Authors: Henry S. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

When the anatomical distribution and clinical stage of Hodgkin's disease have been established, rational decisions concerning the treatment of choice can be made. The initial therapeutic decision is crucial since the first course of treatment undoubtedly has the greatest chance of success. Depending upon circumstances, the physician must select one of three therapeutic options: (1) treatment with curative intent; (2) treatment with palliative intent; and (3) continued observation with general supportive care, with specific therapy held in reserve. The clinical stage of the disease is undoubtedly the most important factor influencing the selection of treatment. Only a decade ago, treatment with curative intent would have been deemed appropriate only for stage I disease, and for cases of localized, favorable stage II disease. Modern megavoltage apparatus has made possible the successful use of total lymphoid radiotherapy in cases of stage III and localized Rye stage IV<sup>10</sup>(Ann Arbor stage II
Routine test batteries for cognitive impairment in older people may not be cost effective
Authors: M. Marks
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Young and colleagues provide guidance on assessing cognitive impairment in older people, including the use of a battery of tests to establish the underlying cause.1 The value of such exhaustive test batteries, however, is not well validated.

Brodaty tested consecutive patients attending a memory disorders clinic.2 No patient had “significant relevant abnormalities” …
Paraffinoma of lung: lipoid pneumonia: Report of two cases
Authors: J. Borrie, J. F. Gwynne
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Paraffinoma of lung—localized lipoid pneumonia due to exogenous oil in the alveoli—must be remembered when considering unusual lung disorders, for this benign lesion can mimic lung cancer clinically, radiologically, during operation, and even on frozen section. Though usually caused by mineral oils taken as nose drops, sprays or laxatives, it can be caused by animal or vegetable oils. The lesion is essentially a macrophage response with phagocytosis of oil droplets. Symptoms can be minimal, simulating `virus pneumonia9, local, with shortness of breath, cough, sputum, haemoptysis, and chest pain, or general. The history of oil ingestion, the finding of lipophages or free lipoid in the sputum, may suggest the diagnosis. Two cases treated 10 years earlier by lobectomy, one as lung cancer and the other as tuberculosis, and proven histologically to be paraffinoma of lung are described. Both patients had used oily nasal drops for chronic nasal sinusitis. Today they remain well.
Clinical significance of Gata-1, Gata-2, EKLF, and c-MPL expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rosa M. Ayala, Joaquín Martínez‐López, Enriqueta Albízua, Amalia Diez, Florinda Gilsanz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological correlation and prognostic impact of Gata-1, Gata-2, EKLF, and c-MPL transcript level in a group of 41 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Gata-1 overexpression was related to advanced age and a low percentage of bone marrow blasts and was associated with the expression of CD34 antigen and lymphoid T markers. The negative impact of Gata-1 expression on the probability of achieving complete remission has been confirmed. Gata-2 overexpression was associated with a low percentage of blasts in BM and males. Expression of c-MPL was associated with CD34+ AML and M2 FAB AML subtype. A higher expression of EKLF was found in secondary AML versus primary AML. Nevertheless, patients expressing EKLF had a longer overall survival and event free survival than those patients that did not express EKLF. Our study has identified expression of EKLF as a factor with a favorable impact on prognosis in AML.
Association between nasal and bronchial symptoms in subjects with persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: S. R. Downie, M. Andersson, J. Rimmer, J. D. Leuppi, W. Xuan, A. Akerlund, J. K. Peat, C. M. Salome
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The association between nasal and bronchial symptoms, and the course of bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in house dust mite sensitive persistent rhinitis over a prolonged time period has not been thoroughly explored. Objective: To determine if nasal symptoms were associated with bronchial symptoms in persistent rhinitic subjects, and to assess their bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in comparison to nonrhinitic, nonatopic controls. The additional impact of pollen sensitivity on the lower airways in rhinitic subjects was also addressed. Methods: Rhinitics and controls answered telephone symptom questionnaires once every 2 weeks for 1 year. Every 3 months, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and bronchial responsiveness to histamine were measured. Results: Thirty‐seven rhinitics and 19 controls completed the study. High nasal symptom scores in rhinitic subjects were associated with bronchial symptoms (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5). Bronchial hyper‐responsiveness was present in 32.4% of rhinitic subjects on at least one clinical visit during the year. Pollen allergy caused seasonal variation in eNO ( P = 0.03). Conclusion: In persistent rhinitic subjects, high nasal symptom scores were associated with bronchial symptoms, and many subjects experienced bronchial hyper‐responsiveness during the year. Persistent rhinitic subjects were more at risk than healthy adults of bronchial symptoms and airway inflammation, which are likely risk factors for asthma.
843-1 REDOX trial — Reduced sirolimus doses on the Bx VELOCITY™ stent four-month results
Authors: J.Eduardo Sousa, Alexandre Abizaid, Fausto Feres, Luiz A Mattos, Luiz F Tanajura, Amanda G.M.R Sousa, Jeffrey Popma, Peter Fitzgerald, Joseph-Anthony Giorgianni, Roxanne A Rodney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SPLA2 INHIBITION AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION. A SUB-STUDY OF THE SPIDER-PCI TRIAL
Authors: Shahar Lavi, Mary Clare Luca, Andrew Liuni, Kevin Thorpe, Julie Lan, Douglas Ing, John Ross, Christopher Overgaard, John Floras, Vladimir Dzavik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
GP fundholders can no longer jump the queue
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Hospitals will no longer be able to set different standards for waiting times for the patients of GP fundholders and those of non-fundholding GPs.

From April 1998, when current contracts run out, fundholders will not be able to press for faster treatment, except on clinical or social grounds. Health authorities must have standards for maximum waiting times that are common to all residents, and within these standards the admission for non-urgent treatment must be on the basis of clinical priority alone. NHS …
The international arms trade and its impact on health
Authors: V. W Sidel
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The second world war brought the world to an apogee of mass murder, with widespread killing of military personnel and civilians; the indiscriminate aerial bombing of cities such as London, Dresden, and Tokyo; and the detonation of single bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These nuclear bombs caused some 200000 deaths immediately and hundreds of thousands of injuries, many resulting in death in succeeding months and in permanent physical or psychological disabilities.1 2 3 Over the 50 years since the end of that war, nuclear weapons and the even more destructive thermonuclear weapons developed in the 1950s4 5 have not been used in war, although there have been threats to do so by some nations possessing them. Among the other “weapons of mass destruction,” chemical weapons have been rarely used, and biological weapons, although stockpiles existed and their use has been alleged, were probably not used at all.6

On the other hand, so called “conventional weapons” have, since 1945, directly caused the deaths of more than 30 million people. During this period the percentage of direct war deaths among civilians has increased steadily (fig 1), and in recent years approximately nine times as many civilians as military personnel have been killed by weapons during war.** Many millions more civilians have died from war related hunger and disease as their crops were destroyed or they were forced to flee their homes to become part of the world's growing number of refugees inside or outside their countries.



Fig 1 
Civilian deaths as percentage of all deaths in war (source: Unicef)



Virtually all the wars since 1945 have been fought in Third World countries, often as surrogate wars between the United States and the former Soviet Union. More recently civil wars, often based on historic ethnic enmities, opposition to oppressive governments, or arising …
"The Stomach Whistle: Who Blew It First?"
Authors: Justin Wohlfarth
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The question of priority discussed inThe Journal, September 3, p. 879, by Drs. Spivak and Kemp, recalls to my mind that as early as 1884 Dr. S. J. Meltzer of New York, in connection with his studies of the deglutition sounds, carried on experiments with a stomach tube having a whistle at one end and a balloon for blowing in air at the other end. One incident remained vivid in my mind. At his request I introduced such a tube into his esophagus. On one occasion the procedure brought on an alarming attack of spasm of the glottis which Dr. Meltzer relieved by swallowing sips of water in rapid succession, a method of treatment described by him a few years previously. I am not delegated by Dr. Meltzer to claim any priority for him; I simply wish to record the fact and thus contribute to the
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008
Authors: Xinzhi Zhang, Jinan B. Saaddine, Chiu-Fang Chou, Mary Frances Cotch, Yiling J. Cheng, Linda S. Geiss, Edward W. Gregg, Ann L. Albright, Barbara E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The prevalence of diabetes in the United States has increased. People with diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy. No recent national population-based estimate of the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy exists.To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among US adults with diabetes aged 40 years and older.Analysis of a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008 (N = 1006). Diabetes was defined as a self-report of a previous diagnosis of the disease (excluding gestational diabetes mellitus) or glycated hemoglobin A(1c) of 6.5% or greater. Two fundus photographs were taken of each eye with a digital nonmydriatic camera and were graded using the Airlie House classification scheme and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity scale. Prevalence estimates were weighted to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population aged 40 years and older.Diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy.The estimated prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy was 28.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.9%-32.5%) and 4.4% (95% CI, 3.5%-5.7%) among US adults with diabetes, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was slightly more prevalent among men than women with diabetes (31.6%; 95% CI, 26.8%-36.8%; vs 25.7%; 95% CI, 21.7%-30.1%; P = .04). Non-Hispanic black individuals had a higher crude prevalence than non-Hispanic white individuals of diabetic retinopathy (38.8%; 95% CI, 31.9%-46.1%; vs 26.4%; 95% CI, 21.4%-32.2%; P = .01) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (9.3%; 95% CI, 5.9%-14.4%; vs 3.2%; 95% CI, 2.0%-5.1%; P = .01). Male sex was independently associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39-3.10), as well as higher hemoglobin A(1c) level (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20-1.75), longer duration of diabetes (OR, 1.06 per year duration; 95% CI, 1.03-1.10), insulin use (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.99-5.26), and higher systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.03 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03).In a nationally representative sample of US adults with diabetes aged 40 years and older, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy was high, especially among Non-Hispanic black individuals.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine of male patients with ankylosing spondylitis is not increased
Authors: M van der Paardt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To compare the prevalence of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infections in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with controls, using DNA amplification assays in urine specimens. <h3>METHODS</h3> The prevalence of <i>C trachomatis</i> infections was assessed in 32 male AS patients and 120 age and sex matched controls. Urine specimens were tested by ligase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood samples of AS patients were tested on serum antibodies to <i>C trachomatis</i> (IgA and IgG) by a specific peptide based solid phase enzyme immunoassay. A questionnaire was used to assess the differences in sexual behaviour and ethnic origin between the two groups. AS patients were also asked about disease characteristics. <h3>RESULTS</h3> No significant differences were found between cases and controls in the prevalence of<i>C trachomatis</i> infections. No associations were found between <i>C trachomatis</i> antibodies and disease characteristics, except for acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Four of eight (50%) AS men positive for IgG had a history of AAU in comparison with three of 24 (12.5%) IgG negative men (OR = 7.0; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1, 44.1). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The prevalence of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infections, as detected by commercially available DNA amplification assays in urine specimens, in AS patients is not higher compared with male controls of the same age. However, there seems to be an association between specific antibodies to <i>C trachomatis</i> and AAU.
67Gallium scanning in the diagnosis of liver disease
Authors: O. James, E. J. Wood, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1974)

(67)Gallium ((67)Ga) citrate liver scanning has been carried out on 60 selected patients following a scan with a radioactive colloid preparation.The (67)Ga scan correctly identified the site of primary liver carcinoma in 14 of 16 patients, including nine of 10 patients in whom the carcinoma arose in a cirrhotic liver, whereas a colloid scan positively identified the site in only four of these 10 cirrhotic subjects. Alpha-1-fetoprotein estimation was positive in eight of the 16 patients, including the two in whom (67)Ga scanning was negative. No positive (67)Ga scans were seen in 15 patients with cirrhosis but no primary liver cell cancer in whom a space-occupying lesion could not be excluded on colloid scan. (67)Ga citrate scanning appears to be the most reliable investigation available in the diagnosis of primary liver cell cancer. Uptake of (67)Ga in secondary metastatic tumours within the liver was less frequent, and appears to have much less value in the detection of these lesions and of bile duct carcinoma than in primary liver cell carcinoma.The (67)Ga scan was positive in six out of six patients with pyogenic abscess either in the liver or adjacent to it. In four of these patients a preceding colloid scan had shown no definite filling defect in the liver.
A Clinical Lecture on Dedema of the Lungs and its Importance as a Mode of Death: Delivered at St. George's Hospital
Authors: I. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1904)

THE search for specific remedies for diseases has not up to the present yielded any considerable harvest.It is true that we seem to be on the verge of a new epoch.Now that onateries morbi, which to our fathers was little more than an abstract conception, has begun to take particulate form, and chemical analysis is.diving into the secret of its mode of action on the body, we may reasonably hope that experimental science will one day surmount the further step of discovering the means of counteracting it.That step, however, is a long one, and at present we must reconcile ourselves to the fact that there are few remedies known to us to which we can -even plausibly attribute the property of destroying or neutra- lizing the physical basis of any disease inside the human body.We physicians, however, eannot therefore sit down idly and await further discovery.Our business is with the present.Disease, with its train of suffering and death, is in the field.If we cannot always destroy the enemy, we can at least place some obstacles in its path; strategy is open to us, though we may not have the force for direct attack: and by well-directed therapeutic strategy death may be avoided as well as suffer- ing.In fighting disease delay is often equivalent to victory, and cunctando restituit rem may be written as well of thera- peutic as of Fabian campaigns.The tendency of acute diseases in particular to run a course definitely limited in point of time is not a newly-observed fact, though modern bacteriology has confirmed and partly -explained it.If the patient survive the allotted time the gravest danger to life is past.He may, indeed, be left
Effect of Magnesium on Postoperative Dysrhythmias-Reply
Authors: Michael R. England
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —appreciate the opportunity to clarify the issues raised regarding our placebo-controlled, randomized trial of magnesium administration in cardiac surgery patients. Two other recent studies in cardiac surgery patients 1-2 and another randomized trial 3 of magnesium administration in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction support the hypothesis that magnesium administration decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease.  Regarding matching of treatment groups, Table 3 in our study accurately indicates that the treatment and placebo groups were matched with respect to the performance of coronary bypass grafting and/or valve replacement procedures. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of the four patients who had electrode patches placed, an implantable defibrillator device placed, or a left ventricular aneurysm resection (in addition to coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve replacement). Continuous electrocardiographic techniques were used to identify clinically important dysrhythmias while patients were
A CURIOUS CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF THE SPINE
Authors: Richard B. Dillehunt
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A boy, aged 5, presented a very unusual and marked disproportion between the length of the trunk and of the extremities. Study revealed that this disproportion was due to an overgrowth of the spine, the exact nature and cause of which we are not able to determine. The case does not fit any of the known categories of growth anomalies or derangements, and because of its unusual nature it was thought to be of sufficient interest to merit publication. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> G. S., when admitted to the Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children in March, 1926, had a limp and an awkwardness of gait. These had been present since he was 18 months of age, at which time the left foot had been injured in a fall. This foot was favored for six months following the injury, after which it was noticed that the left lower extremity was shorter than the right.
Influence of Temperature and Oxygen Concentrations in Oxygen Tents
Authors: G. E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT HAS BEEN SHOWN that a hot and humid environment increases the cardiac output, work, and power of the right and left ventricles,<sup>1</sup>the average increase in cardiac output being 57% for 10 subjects exposed to the hot and humid summer weather of New Orleans (92° F., 71% R.H. [relative humidity]) over that for the same subjects in an air-conditioned, comfortable ward (73° F., 59% R.H.). When subjects were exposed to even higher temperatures and relative humidities (111° F., 86% R.H.) in our experimental climatic rooms, the stress on the heart was greater. Under these circumstances patients with congestive heart failure were able to increase their cardiac output, work, and power only slightly.<sup>2</sup>The increase in cardiac output and work in a man subjected to a hot and humid environment is a normal physiologic response to maintain thermal equilibrium. Patients in congestive heart failure are unable to perform the extra
Time course of lymphocyte CD45RA expression in vitro upon allergen stimulation in hyposensitized atopics
Authors: Asja Stipic-Markovic, Vedran Ostojic, Branimir Cvoriscec, Mariastefania Antica, Borka Kusic, Mirjana Kljaic-Turkalj
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Abstract 2422: Epithelial interleukin-4 receptor promotes metastasis of mammary tumor cells
Authors: Daniel G. Hwang, Ashley Dozier, Kathy J. Carter, Barbara Fingleton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL4) is known primarily for its immune system functions where it can stimulate lymphocytes and promote macrophage activation. Various cancer cells, including breast, are now known to express functionally active IL4 receptors, which appear to play a role in cell survival. We believe that blocking IL4 signaling specifically in epithelial cells will attenuate metastasis because of reduced cell survival in secondary sites. To test this hypothesis, we have generated multiple clones of two murine mammary tumor cell lines that show efficient knockdown of an essential component of the IL4 receptor, IL4-receptor [IL4R] alpha. Initial characterization of knockdown and control clones showed a significantly slower growth rate in vitro as assessed both by metabolic (MTT) assays and direct cell counting. Flow cytometric analysis using either annexin V staining or sub G1 measurement showed that clones lacking IL4Ralpha had 2-fold higher basal levels of apoptosis. To test effects in vivo, we have performed experimental and spontaneous metastasis assays using clones of the 4T1 cell line. Both pulmonary and hepatic metastatic lesions were significantly decreased [2.4-fold lower] in mice injected with IL4Ralpha knockdown clones compared to controls. There was however no significant effect on the primary mammary tumors. Together these results suggest that IL4 signaling in epithelial tumor cells is pro-metastatic, and blocking it may be a useful therapeutic approach for preventing metastatic spread. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2422
THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL FEVER ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYPHILIS AND THE TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Authors: Clarence A. Neymann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

It has been shown that electropyrexia is an effective treatment for all forms of syphilis of the central nervous system. Temperatures at 41°C. (105.8°F.) and above, maintained for at least two hours, kill most of the treponemata pallida in the human body and, consequently, all chancres and skin lesions heal promptly after such treatment. The physiological changes observed during hyperpyrexia cannot account for the treponemacidal action of fever. The fever itself must, therefore, kill these organisms. All the treponemata are not destroyed by this therapy, since those that have reached the deeper tissues, especially the lymph glands, become heat and chemo-resistant. Therefore, it is advisable to combine pyretotherapy with arsenicals and heavy metals in the treatment of all forms of syphilis.