tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Airborne Fine Particulate Matter: A Case–Crossover Analysis of Emergency Medical Services Data in Indianapolis, Indiana
Authors: Frank. S. Rosenthal, John P. Carney, Michael L. Olinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Previous studies have found particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) associated with heart disease mortality. Although rapid effects of PM2.5 exposure on the cardiovascular system have been proposed, few studies have investigated the effect of short-term exposures on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).We aimed to determine whether short-term PM2.5 exposures increased the risk of OHCA and whether risk depended on subject characteristics or presenting heart rhythm.A case-crossover analysis determined hazard ratios (HRs) for OHCAs logged by emergency medical systems (EMS) versus hourly and daily PM2.5 exposures at the time of the OHCA and for daily and hourly periods before it.For all OHCAs (n = 1,374), exposures on the day of the arrest or 1-3 days before arrest had no significant effect on the incidence of OHCA. For cardiac arrests witnessed by bystanders (n = 511), OHCA risk significantly increased with PM2.5 exposure during the hour of the arrest (HR for a 10-microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure = 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.25). For the subsets of subjects who were white, 60-75 years of age, or presented with asystole, OHCA risk significantly increased with PM2.5 during the hour of the arrest (HRs for a 10-microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 = 1.18, 1.25, or 1.22, respectively; p < 0.05). HR generally decreased as the time lag between PM2.5 exposure and OHCA increased.The results suggest an acute effect of short-term PM2.5 exposure in precipitating OHCAs, and a need to investigate further the role of subject factors in the effects of PM on the risk of OHCA.
Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Arun J. Sanyal, Naga Chalasani, Kris V. Kowdley, Arthur McCullough, Anna Mae Diehl, Nathan M. Bass, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Joel E. Lavine, James Tonascia, Aynur Unalp, Mark Van Natta, Jeanne Clark, Elizabeth M. Brunt, David E. Kleiner, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Patricia R. Robuck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a common liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no established treatment for this disease.
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
Authors: Samuel D. Kushlan
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The very common irritable bowel syndrome can be caused by a variety of primary conditions, gastrointestinal or otherwise. One of these conditions is the uncommon disorder of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, or cystic emphysema of the bowl, exemplified in the present case. The patient, a man aged 51, complained of episodes of meteorism that commonly lasted 3 or 4 days and recurred at intervals of several weeks. Associated with this were the other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastrointestinal x-ray findings led to the diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. He was relieved by symptomatic therapy, and 9 months later the gastrointestinal x-ray findings were normal.
A Post-Graduate Lecture ON COMA AND ITS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: D. Forsyth
Journal: BMJ (1912)

COMA AND.ITS DT'}ER1gNT IA MAGNOSIB.!MAY II, I9I2.and aunts with nieces or nephews, in wlich are included those instances where one or both parents of.the nieces and nephews are also insane.The fiaures denote the percentage of cases whose first attack occurred within the given age periods.The results of the above Table VII are shown graphically in Figs. 5 and 6 (p.1058); the abscissae represent the age periods, and the ordinates the percentage of cases whose age at the time of first attack falls within the given periods.Of the insane nieces and nephews of insane uncles and aunts, 103 out of 208, or 49.5 per cent., had tlleir first attack at or before the age of 25 years.long foot-race, and heat-stroke.WWith this summary, which, for easy reference, I have tabulated, we have run over the list of the pathological causes.T.
SEXUAL INFANTILISM AND ANDROGEN THERAPY
Authors: VIRGINIA HUFFER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Letters and Comments1 December 1964SEXUAL INFANTILISM AND ANDROGEN THERAPYVIRGINIA HUFFER, M.D., WINFIELD H. SCOTT, M.D., THOMAS CONNOR, M.D., HARRIS LOVICE, M.D.VIRGINIA HUFFER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WINFIELD H. SCOTT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS CONNOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HARRIS LOVICE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-6-1195 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Since the preparation of the manuscript entitled, "Psychological Studies of Adult Male Patients with Sexual Infantilism Before and After Androgen Therapy," which was published in the August issue of the ANNALS, we have followed an additional six patients (ages 17-25); a total of 14 in our series. From our briefer observations of these last six indivduals on replacement therapy, it appears that they have better potential for psychologic adjustment to the changes induced than had most of the eight patients reported in the paper. We account for this by the fact that, not only were they in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Psychiatric Institute University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1964Volume 61, Issue 6Page: 1195-1196KeywordsAndrogens Issue Published: 1 December 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hyperosmolarity drives hypertension and CKD—water and salt revisited
Authors: Richard J. Johnson, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, Carlos Roncal-Jimenez, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Takuji Ishimoto, Takahiko Nakagawa, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Catharina Wesseling, Lise Bankir, Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2014)
ON THE GROWTH OF EPITHELIUM.
Authors: LEO LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In the following I intend to report upon some experiments which were undertaken as a continuation of former work published in 1898, in the<i>Archiv f. Entwickelungsmechanik.</i>There are reported observations on the growth of epithelium in the coagulated blood during the healing of wounds. I found that epithelium may branch in the blood. I further gave pictures of epithelium surrounding connective tissue structures and even small particles of cartilage. As observed before, mitoses were found in the deepest rows of the epithelium, but besides these I found pictures which could only be explained as amitoses. These were usually situated in the upper rows of the epithelium. The furrows in the nuclei went so far that an entire separation of the different parts of the nuclei could be observed. Without going into the former literature, which was given in my former publication, there appeared since 1898 three papers on this
The Effect of Endoscopic Hemostasis with Alcohol on the Mortality Rate of Nonvariceal upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: O. Pascu, A. Dräghici, I. Acalovchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

One hundred and forty-five patients with nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage, active or with stigmata (Forrest I and II) were divided into two groups according to the day of the week on which emergency endoscopy was performed: group A (78 patients) in which conventional treatment was applied (blood transfusions, antacids, cimetidine, pirenzepine), and group B (65 patients) in which endoscopic hemostasis with absolute alcohol (Asaki's method) was performed. The two groups were comparable as regards age, sex distribution and type of hemorrhage (after Forrest). Emergency surgery was performed in both groups if the bleeding did not stop or if it recurred. Twenty patients (11 in group A and 9 in group B) were operated on some time after the bleeding episode (5-18 days) to prevent new episodes. Absolute alcohol injection achieved hemostasis in all the cases of active hemorrhage (Forrest I) and prevented recurrence in 24 out of 25 cases with a clot or visible vessels (Forrest II), so that emergency surgery was not necessary in any of the patients of group B. Mortality rate was significantly lower in group B than in group A (10 deaths in group A, 2 in group B, p less than 0.05) being explained mainly by the reduced post-operative mortality (18% in group B), due to the small number of the operated patients (28 in groups A, 10 in B; p less than 0.02), especially of those operated on as an emergency (one in the endoscopic hemostasis group as compared with 17 in the conventional treatment group; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Protoveratrine A in Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: I. R. Gray, N. A. J. Hamer
Journal: BMJ (1957)

We are indebted to-Dr. A. J. N. Warrack for his report on the post-mortem examination, and to Dr. E. H. Gillespie for phage typing the staphylococci. We thank Dr. L. A. Hatch, of the Virus Reference Laboratory, Colindale, for confirming the identity of the strain of virus isolated; Dr. G. S. Wilson for his helpful criticism; and Mr. P. M. Hinchliffe, Mr. M. W. Scruton, and Mrs. B. Newton for technical assistance.
Fine-needle tissue acquisition from subepithelial lesions using a forward-viewing linear echoendoscope
Authors: Alberto Larghi, Lorenzo Fuccio, Gaia Chiarello, Fabia Attili, Giuseppe Vanella, Giovanni Paliani, Matteo Napoleone, Guido Rindi, Luigi Larocca, Guido Costamagna, Riccardo Ricci
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The overall diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS – FNA) for subepithelial lesions (SELs) is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, defined as the proportion of correct diagnoses, obtained using the EUS-guided fine-needle tissue acquisition (FNTA) sampling technique performed with the newly developed forward-viewing EUS scope (FV-EUS). <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database including all consecutive patients with SELs who underwent EUS – FNTA using the FV-EUS scope from 2007 to 2011 in a tertiary referral center. All procedures were performed by a single expert endoscopist. <b>Results:</b> A total of 121 consecutive patients with SELs (13 in the esophagus, 96 in the stomach, 10 in the duodenum, 2 in the rectum) underwent sampling of the lesion using the FV-EUS scope. The procedure was technically feasible in all but one patient, and no complication related to EUS – FNTA occurred. Full histological assessment including immunostaining could be completed in 93.4 % (113 /121) of the patients. Considering neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic diseases, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 92.8 % (95 %CI 86.3 – 96.8), 100 % (95 %CI 69.0 – 100 %), infinity, and 0.07 (95 %CI 0.04 – 0.14), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> EUS – FNTA performed in conjunction with the FV-EUS scope for sampling SELs of the gastrointestinal tract was safe and provided a very high diagnostic accuracy. Studies comparing FV-EUS with standard curved linear echoendoscopes are needed to clarify whether these results are due to the sampling technique or the type of scope utilized.
Increased Susceptibility of Vault Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase–Deficient Mice to Carcinogen-Induced Tumorigenesis
Authors: Sujna Raval-Fernandes, Valerie A. Kickhoefer, Christina Kitchen, Leonard H. Rome
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (VPARP) and telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) are components of the vault ribonucleoprotein complex. Vaults have been implicated in multidrug resistance of human tumors and are thought to be involved in macromolecular assembly and/or transport. Previous studies showed that VPARP-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and did not display any vault-related or telomerase-related phenotype, whereas disruption of telomerase-associated protein 1 in mice led to reduced stability of the vault RNA and affected its stable association with vaults, although there were no telomerase-related changes. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of Vparp−/− and Tep1−/− mice to dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis and urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis. Mice received i.p. injections of either 1 g/kg body weight of urethane twice a week for 2 weeks or 20 mg/kg body weight of dimethylhydrazine once a week for 10 weeks and were analyzed after 10 and 60 weeks, respectively. The colon tumor incidence and multiplicity were significantly higher and colon tumor latency was significantly shorter in Vparp−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Increased colon tumor incidence, multiplicity, and reduced tumor latency were also seen in Tep1−/− mice, however, these results were statistically not significant. Lung tumor multiplicities were increased in both Vparp−/− and Tep1−/− mice but were not significant. The increase in carcinogen-induced tumors in VPARP-deficient mice is the only phenotype observed to date, and suggests a possible role for VPARP, directly or indirectly, in chemically induced neoplasia.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human α-interferon therapy for chronic non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis
Authors: A.M. Di Bisceglie, P. Martin, C. Kassianides, M. Lisker-Melman, Z. Goodman, S.M. Banks, J.H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic rabbit.
Authors: R J Lee, I H Zaidi, S H Baky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The pathophysiology and histopathology caused by feeding rabbits a diet containing 2% cholesterol is described. Cholesterol deposition was seen in almost all organs after 15 weeks on the diet. Lesions were seen as early as 7 weeks in the aorta and pulmonary vessels and by 11 weeks in the small intramyocardial arteries and arterioles. Evidence of myocardial ischemia could be elicited by stressing the heart by electrical pacing at rapid rates or by administration of pharmacological agents which increased oxygen consumption (isoproterenol) or decreased oxygen supply (ergonovine). Susceptibility to such stress was increased by isovolumic hemodilution which decreased the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Myocardial fibrosis and infarction were evident by 15 weeks on the diet and cardiac reserve was depleted by 25 weeks as evidenced by the presence of ascites in all animals examined. The preliminary results reported here suggest that further evaluation of the atherosclerotic rabbit as a cardiac toxicity model is warranted.
ANTIGENIC COMPETITION BETWEEN POLYPEPTIDYL DETERMINANTS IN NORMAL AND TOLERANT RABBITS
Authors: Israel Schechter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Competition between two polypeptidyl determinants was studied in normal rabbits and rabbits made tolerant to the competing antigen. The capacity of poly-DL-phenylalanyl protein conjugate to inhibit the formation of antibodies specific to the poly-DL-alanyl determinant was dependent on the nature of the protein carrier of the singly substituted antigens. Competition occurred only when the peptidyl determinants were attached to identical or similar (RSA and HSA) carriers. Thus, the immune response toward the poly-DL-alanyl determinant was impaired by injecting the pairs p-DL-PheRSA and p-DL-AlaHSA, or p-DL-PheRNase and p-DL-AlaRNase. Suppression of the formation of antibodies with poly-DL-alanyl specificity was not observed, however, upon administration of p-DL-PheRSA together with p-DL-AlaRNase or of p-DL-PheRNase with p-DL-AlaHSA. Tolerance to p-DL-PheRSA was induced by injecting this material into newborn rabbits. The tolerant animals retained their capacity to produce anti-poly-DL-alanyl antibodies upon injection of p-DL-AlaRSA or p-DL-AlaHSA. However, when these poly-DL-alanyl proteins were administered together with p-DL-PheRSA, antibodies against the poly-DL-alanyl determinant were not formed even though no antibodies with poly-DL-phenylalanyl specificity were produced. These results indicate that in competition experiments the preference in the immune response against a given determinant is dependent not only on the nature of the competing determinants, but it is also governed to a large extent by the over-all properties of the antigenic molecules. This suggests that at the stage at which the competition occurs the competing molecules had not undergone considerable degradation. On the basis of experiments with tolerant animals, it is suggested that in normal animals antibody formation to the competing antigen is not the cause of its inhibitory action on the response against the other antigen. The competition experiments described suggest that an antibody-forming cell is multipotent.
Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: better outcome after major surgery?
Authors: D. J Buggy, G. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Major surgery induces profound physiological changes in the perioperative period, characterised by increases in sympathoadrenal and other neuroendocrine activity and also increased cytokine production Because epidural anaesthesia can attenuate this “stress response” to surgery, improve the quality of postoperative analgesia in comparison with systemic opioids, and hasten recovery of gut function, it has been suggested that conducting surgery under epidural anaesthesia (either as the sole anaesthetic or in combination with general anaesthesia) may reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality compared with general anaesthesia alone.1

Indeed, in a study of high risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery those who received combined general and epidural anaesthesia with postoperative epidural analgesia had significantly lower cardiac morbidity than those receiving general anaesthesia alone with postoperative systemic opioid analgesia.2 Unfortunately, subsequent studies have failed to confirm this finding. This uncertainty probably relates to the design, small size, and inadequate number of relevant studies for a meta-analysis of outcome; hence investigators in Australia are currently undertaking a large, multicentre study to address this question.

Though the effects of epidural anaesthesia on mortality and cardiac morbidity have been disappointing so far, the evidence that epidural anaesthesia decreases thromboembolic, pulmonary, …
The movement of self-assembled amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles in the vitreous and retina after intravitreal injection
Authors: Heebeom Koo, Hyungwon Moon, Hyounkoo Han, Jin Hee Na, Myung Sook Huh, Jae Hyung Park, Se Joon Woo, Kyu Hyung Park, Ick Chan Kwon, Kwangmeyung Kim, Hyuncheol Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Learning from Our Patients: One Participant's Impact on Clinical Trial Research and Informed Consent
Authors: Christopher K. Daugherty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

This Perspective includes an essay on modifying phase I clinical trials, written by George Zimmer, who was a professor of English and a commentary on that essay.Professor Zimmer was a cancer patient who participated in the phase I clinical trial program at the University of Chicago. His ideas are eloquently expressed and have had a profound effect on our investigational research for anticancer agents. Although at times his suggestions may seem radical, Professor Zimmer urges us to reconsider the 50-year-old Nuremberg paradigm that participants in human research are ignorant and vulnerable and must be protected. Although we must protect patients who have life-threatening diseases from coercive inducements and misplaced hopes, we must also listen carefully and thoughtfully to our patients. This is particularly true when, as research participants in the face of sacrifice and the threat of a life-ending diagnosis, they have made the effort to express their concerns. With the effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome movement on clinical studies and on drug research and development, a precedent has been set that allows patients to reshape their role as participants in research trials. On a personal level, the essay by Professor Zimmer has had a significant effect on our research methods and, indeed, the focus of our research efforts. Thus, it is with a sense of respect and honor that we share George Zimmer's thoughts and our comments about the influence he has had on our research practices.
Reliability of the Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP) among Patients with and without Psychoactive Substance Abuse Disorders
Authors: Robert M. Weinryb, Monica Busch, J. Petter Gustavsson, Lars Saxon, Eva Skarbrandt
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background: &lt;/b&gt;The Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP) is a rating instrument, based on psychoanalytic theory, that assesses different aspects of character from clinical interviews. The aim of the present study was to examine interrater reliability of the KAPP in a sample of patients with and without psychoactive substance abuse disorders, using interviewers and a reliability judge who had not been trained by the developers of the instrument. &lt;b&gt;Methods: &lt;/b&gt;The sample comprised 47 consecutive patients with and without psychoactive substance abuse disorders, who were referred to an outpatient psychotherapy unit specializing in the treatment of substance abuse and dependence. The two interviewers and the reliability judge had not been trained by the developers of the KAPP, and they worked outside the setting where it was constructed. &lt;b&gt;Results: &lt;/b&gt;The intraclass correlations were satisfactory for the total sample (mean 0.84, median 0.89, range 0.62–0.95), as well as for various subsamples, such as males and females, and patients with and without substance abuse disorders. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/b&gt;The results show that interviewers and a reliability judge who had not been trained by the developers of the KAPP can attain high interrater reliability in a sample of patients with substance abuse disorders. Some recommendations for conducting KAPP interviews are given.
Local research ethics committees and multicentre drug trials
Authors: R P F Dear
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The role of local research ethics committees in multicentre trials has been discussed at length in the BMJ and other journals. I understand the frustration of researchers at having to jump through so many hoops, but I sincerely hope that any central committees which do emerge reflect the practice of the best of the local committees and do not become a soft option for gaining approval for poor quality projects, either in hospital or general practice.

The ethics committee that I chair recently received a response from a major pharmaceutical company that shows scant regard for the carefully considered opinion of a local research ethics committee and a gung-ho attitude to ethics committee approval in general. The study in question was to compare antibiotics in the treatment of otitis media and chest infections in children. We …