tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevation of ?? T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and other autoimmune liver diseases
Authors: E B Martins, A K Graham, R W Chapman, K A Fleming
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is possibly an autoimmune disease. Although γδ T cells represent a small proportion of the total T-cell population in healthy individuals, there is evidence to suggest a role for these cells in autoimmunity. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the population of γδ T cells in patients with PSC, compared with other chronic liver diseases. An elevation in the percentage and absolute numbers of γδ T cells was found in the peripheral blood of patients with PSC (8.66% and 0.13 x 10 -6 /L [ P &lt; .01 and &lt; .05, respectively]) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (8.03% and 0.13 x 10 -6 /L [both P &lt; 0.001]) compared with controls (4.10% and 0.06 x 10 -6 /L). We also found an elevation in the percentage and absolute numbers of γδ T cells in the portal areas of patients with PSC (10.55% and 4.33 [ P &lt; .001 and &lt; .001, respectively]), AIH (7.16% and 4.55 [ P = .001 and &lt; .001, respectively]), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (5.57% and 3.49 [ P = .008 and &lt; .001, respectively]) when compared with controls (2.23% and 0.81). These findings suggest a role for γδ T cells in the mechanism of immune damage in autoimmune liver diseases.
Technical aspects of the sentinel node biopsy in the EORTC AMAROS sentinel node trial.
Authors: ME Straver, P Meijnen, G van Tienhoven, CJ van de Velde, RE Mansel, J Bogaerts, G Demonty, EJ Rutgers
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1006 Background: The AMAROS trial is a phase III study comparing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with axillary radiation therapy (ART) in patients with proven axillary metastasis by sentinel node biopsy (SNB). The main objective of the trial is to prove equivalent locoregional control and reduced morbidity for ART. The aim of this interim analysis was to analyze the technical aspects of the SNB.&amp;#x2028; Methods: The first 2000 patients with operable unifocal invasive breast cancer (5-30 mm) and clinically negative lymph nodes enrolled in the AMAROS trial between 2001 and 2005 were analyzed. The 26 participating institutions have been site visited as part of the surgical quality assurance. SNB is performed using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, blue dye and a gamma-ray detection probe. Patients with a negative sentinel node were not subjected to ALND or ART.&amp;#x2028; Results: The SN identification rate was 97% (range per institute 89%- 99%), 33% (n=658) of the patients were SNB positive, 62% (n=1245) were SNB negative and 2%(n=32) had other outcomes (non-axillary, missing data). Median two sentinel nodes were removed in the SNB positive as well as the SNB negative group. In 17% (344) of the patients, non-blue and non radio-active nodes were removed during the sentinel node procedure, median 1 node. In 11 patients, these nodes were the only tumor positive nodes found. In the SNB positive group the incidence of macro-, micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells was 61% (389), 26% (164) and 13% (80), respectively. In the ALND arm, further nodal involvement was seen 47,5% , 21,4 % and 16,7%, respectively. There was no correlation between the size of metastasis and the tumor size, grade or histological subtype. Of the sentinel nodes 59% (1907/3259) were radioactive and blue, 33% (1087/3259) were only radioactive, 8 %(265/3259) were only blue. Non-visualization on lymphoscintigraphy was seen in 7.6%(152), in 78%(118) of these cases a sentinel node was found during surgery. At least one sentinel node was located in the axilla in 89%(1777), in the internal mammary chain in 5% (104) and infra/supraclavicular in 1%(15). The injection site was intra/peritumoral in 53% subcutane/intradermal over the tumor in 9% periareolair in 16%, a combination in 4%, missing data 17%. Sentinel nodes in the internal mammary chain were significantly correlated with a intratumoral injection technique.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: These results indicate that with a 97% detection rate in this prospective international multicenter study using the combination of radioactive tracer and blue dye, the sentinel node procedure is highly effective. Differences in injection site affect the finding of non axillary sentinel nodes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1006.
Points: The arms race and health care
Authors: S E Ramsbotham
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 421), any doctor interested in relieving the dire poverty and hunger in the Third World might be interested in joining the World Development Movement, Bedford Chambers, Covent Gar- den, London WC2E 8HA.This is an organisa- tion which campaigns for a fairer deal for the Third World through activities including lobbying MPs on the implementations of the Brandt Report....
Merkel cell carcinoma: Report of ten cases with emphasis on clinical course, treatment, and in vitro drug sensitivity
Authors: Konstantin Krasagakis, Brigitte Almond-Roesler, Christos C. Zouboulis, Beate Tebbe, Elke Wartenberg, Klaus-Dietrich Wolff, Constantin E. Orfanos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)
The effect of sleep deprivation on sleep states, breathing events, peripheral chemoresponsiveness and arousal propensity in healthy 3 month old infants
Authors: DA Thomas, K Poole, EK McArdle, PC Goodenough, J Thompson, CS Beardsmore, H Simpson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

We wished to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on sleep, arousal propensity, respiratory events and peripheral chemoresponses in healthy infants, since these effects might be relevant to mechanisms concerned with some cases of sudden infant death syndrome. Paired observations were made overnight during natural sleep and following sleep deprivation, in a randomized fashion, in 15 healthy infants aged 78 (7) days (mean (SD)). Polysomnograms were recorded and sleep was scored using Anders' criteria. Respiratory events were categorized into central, mixed and obstructive apnoeas. Peripheral chemoresponses were measured during quiet sleep from the respiratory response to two-breath alternations in fractional inspiratory oxygen (F1, O2) (0.42 and 0.00). Arousal propensity was determined from awakening and arousal thresholds to graded photic and auditory stimuli during quiet sleep, and from spontaneous awakenings and limb movements. Compared with natural sleep, following sleep deprivation infants maintained a greater proportion of quiet sleep (39 vs 44%). There was no measurable change in arousal propensity. During quiet sleep, obstructed breathing events tended to be more common after sleep deprivation (0.1 vs 0 events.h-1) and the expiratory time during baseline breathing increased significantly (1.27 vs 1.58 s) although the decrease in respiratory rate was not significant (32 vs 30 breaths.min-1). Peripheral chemoresponses altered significantly, alternations in tidal volume/inspiratory time (VT/tI) as a measure of inspiratory drive increased after sleep deprivation (9 vs 21%). In conclusion, following short-term sleep deprivation in infancy, respiratory control alters, peripheral chemoresponsiveness increases in magnitude and the timing of baseline breathing alters, without any detectable alteration in arousal propensity. This state may be associated with an increased vulnerability to obstructive respiratory events.
A low dose of angiotensin II increases inotropism through activation of reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchange by endothelin release
Authors: N PEREZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: This work was aimed to prove that release/formation of endogenous endothelin acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion contributes to the increase in contractility promoted by a low dose of angiotensin II. Methods: Isolated cat papillary muscles were used for force, pHi, [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i measurements and isolated cat myocytes for patch-clamp experiments. Results: In papillary muscles, 1.0 nmol/l angiotensin II increased force by 23±2% (n = 4, P<0.05), [Na+]i by 2.2±0.2 mmol/l (n = 4, P<0.05), and peak (but not diastolic) Ca2+ from 0.674±0.11 to 0.768±0.13 μmol/l (n = 4, P<0.05), without affecting pHi. Force and [Na+]i increase were abolished by inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) with the inhibitor HOE642, blockade of endothelin receptors with the nonselective antagonist TAK044 and by inhibition of the endothelin-converting enzyme with phosphoramidon. Force but not [Na+]i increase was abolished by inhibition of reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) with the inhibitor KB-R7943. Similar increase in force (21±2%, n = 4, P<0.05) and in [Na+]i (2.4±0.4 mmol/l, n = 4, P<0.05) that were also suppressed by TAK044 and HOE642 were induced by exogenous 5.0 nmol/l endothelin-1. KB-R7943 reverted the endothelin-1 effect on force but not on [Na+]i. In isolated myocytes, exogenous endothelin-1 dose-dependently increased the NCX current and shifted the NCX reversal potential (ENCX) to a more negative value (ΔENCX: −10±3 and −17±5 mV, with 1 and 10 nmol/l endothelin-1, respectively, n = 12). The latter effect was prevented by HOE642. Conclusion: Taken together, the results indicate that a low dose of angiotensin II induces release of endothelin, which, in autocrine/paracrine fashion activates the Na+/H+ exchanger, increases [Na+]i and changes ENCX, promoting the influx of Ca2+ that leads to a positive inotropic effect (PIE).
Abstract 4043: The role of CD63/Timp1/β1 integrin complex in cell survival.
Authors: Mariana T. Pinto, Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo, Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although malignant melanoma is the less frequently diagnosed skin cancer, it shows a poor prognosis due its chemoresistance and metastasis development. One of the acquired abilities of transformed cells is anoikis resistance and this property is closely related to metastasis formation. In our laboratory, we developed a model that allows us to study different steps of melanocyte malignant transformation. Melan-a melanocytes surviving after 1, 2, 3 and 4 deadhesion cycles showed modified morphology and independent PMA growth and have been named 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C cells, respectively. Different melanoma cell lines were established after submitting 4C spheroids to limiting dilution. Previous data from our group demonstrated increased expression of Timp1 and resistance to anoikis during the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melan-a melanocytes overexpressing Timp1 acquire anoikis-resistant phenotype. In our laboratory, we observed interaction between CD63, Timp1 and β1-integrin in the 4C, 4C11- and 4C11+ cell lines established after cycles of anchorage impediment. This seems to be the first study describing the interaction between Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrin in tumor cells. However, it is unclear how Timp1 modulates resistance to anoikis. Therefore, our aim is to analyze the role of Timp1 in the context of Timp1/CD63/β1-integrin complex and the signaling pathways involved in the acquisition of anoikis resistance. Supported by CAPES and FAPESP. Citation Format: Mariana T. Pinto, Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo, Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis. The role of CD63/Timp1/β1 integrin complex in cell survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4043
Man-made Death-Reply
Authors: Richard Rhodes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Dr Schweitzer's "guilty parties" need not value human life over anything else; a significant reduction in man-made death (if its numbers are made public) might come about in Country A merely because the regime wished to improve its international image. Nations kill for what they take to be good and sufficient reasons; publicizing their killing would require them to consider whether the rest of us agree. And whatever one thinks about abortion, keeping count at least makes its extent known; indeed, Dr Schweitzer cites the statistic to stigmatize the practice, exactly the application I have in mind. Neils Bohr said the last word on concealing vs revealing information: "The very fact that knowledge is itself the basis of civilization," he wrote concerning resolving the arms race, "points directly to openness as the way to overcome the present crisis."<sup>1</sup> Dr Johnson apparently doesn't consider the collectivization of
The promise of human genetic databases
Authors: W. W Lowrance
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Genetic databases are now helping elucidate gene function, estimate the prevalence of genes in populations, differentiate among subtypes of diseases, trace how genes may predispose to or protect against illnesses, and improve medical intervention. They achieve this by bringing together several streams of data about individuals: molecular genetic data; high quality standardised clinical data; data on health, lifestyle, and environment; and in some cases, genealogical data.

The main strategy with genetic databases is to search, often by statistical brute force, for correlations, then use the genetic focusing to guide mechanistic, pharmaceutical, and other investigations. Searching for causal associations between genetic and health phenomena is not new. While marvelling at our glossy new human genome posters we mustn't forget the huge contributions to research, care, and counselling—and genome mapping—that continue to be made by many data collections on the classic mendelian disorders. What is revolutionary is the precision with which genetic makeup can now be known, at reasonable cost and speed, and the discrimination with which genetic details can be correlated, via computer, with other complex information. 1 2

Thus pharmacogeneticists are probing databases for gene related variabilities …
ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS TO CHYMOTRYPSIN INJECTIONS
Authors: Daniel Liebowitz
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Kenneth D. Rose reported inThe Journal, June 18, page 796, an anaphylactic  to aqueous chymotrypsin injection in a patient not previously known to be sensitive. He states, A survey of the literature revealed a report on only one such sensitivity reaction (MacLaren and Aladjem: J. Allergy  28 :89 [Jan.] 1957).  We would like to call attention to our article published inThe Journal, Jan. 9, on this very subject. The title of the article is Anaphylactic Reaction to Chymotrypsin. We have received communications from several other physicians throughout the United States who have seen similar reactions to aqueous chymotrypsin (Chymar).
Abstract 2459: Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase and integrin-linked kinase: A characterization of potential partners in ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Lana Bruney, Sharon Stack
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth leading cause of overall cancer death among American women. In 2010, 15,520 deaths were directly attributed to EOC; and 21,650 additional cases were diagnosed. When EOC is diagnosed prior to metastatic dissemination, the overall 5 year survival rate is 93%; however, over 75% of women with EOC are diagnosed with metastasis already present, dropping the survival rate to less than 20%. The process of EOC metastasis is unique in that epithelial cells detach from the primary tumor and shed into the peritoneal cavity as single cells and multicellular aggregates (MCA), which adhere intraperitoneally and invade the interstitial collagen-rich submesothelial matrix, where they proliferate to anchor secondary lesions. Proteolytic activity promotes the migration and collagen invasion crucial to metastatic success. Also key to cell migratory activity are focal adhesions (FA), integrin- and protease-rich cell adhesion sites that physically link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and transduce signals into the intracellular compartment. Sites of adhesive contacts with collagen fibers have been associated with beta-1 integrin clustering and various matrix metalloproteinases. Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), an ECM degrading protease localized to the cell surface, has been shown to promote a collagen-invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinomas. Additionally, collagen-activated integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a beta-1 integrin cytoplasmic domain interactor, has been shown to regulate several biological processes that promote invasion and suppress anoikis. As initial steps to assess the contributions and potential inter-relationships of tumor cell invasion at FAs, presented here is a characterization of MT1-MMP and ILK expression in select ovarian cancer cell lines and in human EOC tumor tissue microarrays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2459. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2459
Israeli scientist receives cancer research award
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Geneticist Leo Sachs, PhD, whose<i>curriculum vitae</i>lists such disparate accomplishments as the hybridization of tomatoes, the development of amniocentesis, and the reversal of malignancy in certain tumor cell lines, is the recipient of the sixth annual BristolMyers award for Distinguished Achievement in Cancer Research. Sachs, chair of the Department of Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, received the $50,000 prize at a luncheon in New York City this spring. Sachs was cited for his "landmark discoveries that suggest a possible new approach to cancer treatment—one based not on killing cancer cells, but on actually reversing the malignant process." His discoveries stem from research in the mid1960s indicating that a certain protein in the supernatant fluid of cultures of myeloid precursor cells could induce the formation of granulocytes and macrophages. He subsequently determined that the protein, called "macrophage and granulocyte inducer" (MGI), is secreted by a variety of
Herbal stimulant containing ephedrine has also caused psychosis
Authors: H Doyle, M Kargin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

ently high incidence of backache before preg- nancy detected by Loughnan and colleagues serves to emphasise the difficulty of studying new postpartum backache.We believe, however, that backache during pregnancy is a potentially more important factor.We agree that it is vital to take account of potentially confounding variables.The best way to do this is to carry out a multivariate analysis such as the logistic regression we performed.Unfortunately, randomisation will not overcome the problem that many women attribute backache to pregnancy, childbirth, or epidural analgesia; rather, it may compound the problem if women receive a treatment they did not directly choose.
Veterans Seeking Answers to Syndrome Suspect They Were Goats in Gulf War
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A WORKSHOP at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was supposed to reassure Persian Gulf veterans that everything that can be done is being done to investigate their mysterious health complaints.  Yet even giving the military full benefit of the doubt, it is hard not to conclude that its efforts to date have created a candy store for conspiracy buffs.  Data from the US Department of Defense (DOD) Science Board's study of who might have been exposed to what were promised but not presented to an independent panel at the NIH Technology Assessment Workshop on the Persian Gulf Experience and Health in Bethesda, Md, last month. Other types of information the panel wanted were not made available, and so many of the most basic questions remain unanswered that it is probably impossible to say what is, or even if there is such a thing as, Persian Gulf syndrome.  What was
New cases of asthma in children in England and Wales has fallen by two thirds
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The number of new cases of asthma fell significantly in England and Wales between 1996 and 2003, with the number in children falling the most, the latest issue of Social Trends says.

Between 1996 and 2003 new episodes of asthma (the mean weekly incidence of a first or new attack) fell by 46% among men and boys and by 41% among women and girls. The biggest decline was among children aged under 5 years—a fall of nearly two thirds. New episodes halved among the 5 to 24 years age group. The issue does not indicate any possible reasons for this.

The 35th issue …
Leukocytosis is a risk factor for thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia: interaction with treatment, standard risk factors, and Jak2 mutation status
Authors: Alessandra Carobbio, Guido Finazzi, Vittoria Guerini, Orietta Spinelli, Federica Delaini, Roberto Marchioli, Giovanna Borrelli, Alessandro Rambaldi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood (2006)
Zur endoskopischen Behandlung von Harnröhrenstrikturen
Authors: G. Swoboda
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Operative oder endoskopische Behandlung der Harnröhrenstriktur richten sich nach Ursache, Lokalisation oder Alter des Patienten. Strikturen der mittleren oder anterioren Harnröhrenabschnitte werden vorzugsweise chirurgisch, die der posterioren Urethra endoskopisch angegangen. Die verschiedenen urethroskopischen Operationsverfahren werden besprochen.
Significance of Non-Type 1 Anterior Early Repolarization in Patients With Inferolateral Early Repolarization Syndrome
Authors: Tsukasa Kamakura, Hiro Kawata, Ikutaro Nakajima, Yuko Yamada, Koji Miyamoto, Hideo Okamura, Takashi Noda, Kazuhiro Satomi, Takeshi Aiba, Hiroshi Takaki, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Takeshi Kimura, Wataru Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
New Genetic Discoveries and Treatment for Hepatitis C
Authors: Michael Pacanowski, Shashi Amur, Issam Zineh
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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