tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions and Selective Sensorineural Loss in IDDM
Authors: Walter Di Nardo, Giovanni Ghirlanda, Gaetano Paludetti, Stefania Cercone, Caterina Saponara, Massimiliano Del Ninno, Stefano Di Girolamo, Paolo Magnani, Mauro A S Di Leo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To provide information about possible subclinical damage of the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) by means of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in subjects with IDDM.TEOAEs and DPOAEs were recorded in 47 IDDM patients with normal hearing and in age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects. Peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed by nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the peroneal and surral nerves.A subclinical peripheral neuropathy was found in 15 diabetic patients. Mean TEOAE amplitude was found to be significantly reduced in diabetic patients with a reduced NCV (7.6 +/- 3.2 dB; Scheffé's test: P = 0.03), but not in those without neuropathy (9.5 +/- 4.3 dB), with respect to control subjects (11 +/- 3.1 dB). Neuropathic patients also showed mean reduced DPOAE amplitude values in the region of middle and high frequencies from 1,306 to 5,200 Hz (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was found at the lowest-frequency amplitudes. A frequency-selective reduction of DPOAEs was also found in non-neuropathic patients (P < 0.05) in the region of higher frequencies at 3,284, 4,126, and 5,200 Hz compared with control subjects. No correlations were found among duration of diabetes, HbA1c values, TEOAEs and DPOAEs.Our results suggest that IDDM patients show an early abnormality of the micromechanical properties of the OHCs. In IDDM patients without a subclinical peripheral neuropathy, damage is limited to the higher frequencies and can be detected only by DPOAEs, whereas in IDDM patients with neuropathy, damage also involves the middle range of frequencies and can be detected by TEOAEs and DPOAEs. Therefore, DPOAEs seem to be able to detect the earliest cochlear selective-frequency dysfunction in IDDM patients without peripheral neuropathy. DPOAEs appear to be of greater clinical interest than TEOAEs; the former seem to be frequency specific and can be recorded at any chosen frequency, including high frequencies.
Intravenous gammaglobulin (Gamimune) for treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): A two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Indira A. Warrier, Jeanne M. Lusher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Thirteen subjects 5‐20 years of age with the chronic, autoimmune form of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were given intravenous gammaglobulin (Gamimune; Cutter Biological, Berkeley, CA) in a dose of 400 mg/kg per day for 5 consecutive days. Two of the 13 children had undergone splenectomy; the other 11 had not. Eight of these 13 children had also received corticosteroid therapy with no sustained increase in platelet of counts. Six of 13 children had a good or excellent response to the first 5 day course of gammaglobulin therapy, and one had a fair response. The peak platelet count occured within 7 days of the start of therapy except in one patient, whose platelet count peaked on day 12. Six of seven patients who initially responded to Gamimune required booster doses to maintain platelet counts at a safe level. All children had marked increases in serum IgG following Gamimune except one (who had undergone splenectomy for chronic ITP), who had high baseline levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG). No untoward reactions necessitating cessation of therapy were encountered during this study. The most common side effect observed was headache. During the first year of follow‐up after Gamimune, three of seven initial responders became refractory to Gamimune therapy. Two of these three refractory subjects later underwent splenectomy with excellent response. The third refractory patient who was splenectomized prior to gammaglobulin therapy had spontaneous remission of his ITP 5 months after the last dose of Gamimune. Three of the four other initial responders have continued to do well and have maintained platelet counts above 40,000/mm 3 (one without booster). The fourth subject dropped out of the study. Thus our observations indicate that Gamimune is an effective form of treatment for some children with chronic ITP, and can be considered as an alternative to splenectomy or as a potential therapeutic modality in those who have failed to respond to splenectomy.
Targeting Localized Immune Suppression Within the Tumor Through Repeat Cycles of Immune Cell-oncolytic Virus Combination Therapy
Authors: Stephen H Thorne, Wenchun Liang, Padma Sampath, Tobi Schmidt, Rachel Sikorski, Andreas Beilhack, Christopher H Contag
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

A major limitation to the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has been the localized immune suppressive environment within the tumor. Although there is evidence that tumor-selective (oncolytic) viruses may help to overcome this immune suppression, a primary limitation to their use has been limited systemic delivery potential, especially in the face of antiviral immunity. We recently demonstrated that tumor-trafficking immune cells can efficiently deliver oncolytic viral therapies to their tumor targets. These cells act as both a therapeutic agent and also a carrier vehicle for the oncolytic virus. Here, we demonstrate that such delivery is also possible in the face of pre-existing antiviral immunity, so overcoming the limited systemic delivery of naked, cell-free virus. It was also found that treatment of previously immunized mice or repeat treatments leading to immunization resulted in a switch from a primarily oncolytic to an immunotherapeutic mechanism of action. Furthermore, repeat cycles of treatment with combination immune cell-viral therapy resulted in increased tumor infiltration of effector T-cells and a general reduction in the levels of known immune suppressive lymphocyte populations. This therefore represents a novel and effective means to overcome localized immune suppression within the tumor micoenvironment. A major limitation to the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has been the localized immune suppressive environment within the tumor. Although there is evidence that tumor-selective (oncolytic) viruses may help to overcome this immune suppression, a primary limitation to their use has been limited systemic delivery potential, especially in the face of antiviral immunity. We recently demonstrated that tumor-trafficking immune cells can efficiently deliver oncolytic viral therapies to their tumor targets. These cells act as both a therapeutic agent and also a carrier vehicle for the oncolytic virus. Here, we demonstrate that such delivery is also possible in the face of pre-existing antiviral immunity, so overcoming the limited systemic delivery of naked, cell-free virus. It was also found that treatment of previously immunized mice or repeat treatments leading to immunization resulted in a switch from a primarily oncolytic to an immunotherapeutic mechanism of action. Furthermore, repeat cycles of treatment with combination immune cell-viral therapy resulted in increased tumor infiltration of effector T-cells and a general reduction in the levels of known immune suppressive lymphocyte populations. This therefore represents a novel and effective means to overcome localized immune suppression within the tumor micoenvironment.
Lithium gluconate 8% vs. ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis: a multicentre, randomized study
Authors: B. Dreno, O. Chosidow, J. Revuz, D. Moyse
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Lithium gluconate 8% vs. ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis: a multicentre, randomized study Get access B. Dreno, B. Dreno Clinique Dermatologique, CHU Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, BP 1005, 44305 Nantes cedex, France Brigitte Dreno. E‐mail: bdreno@wanadoo.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Chosidow, O. Chosidow Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Revuz, J. Revuz Hôpital H.Mondor, Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Moyse, D. Moyse Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar THE STUDY INVESTIGATOR GROUP THE STUDY INVESTIGATOR GROUP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Pages 1230–1236, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05328.x Published: 01 June 2003 Article history Accepted: 09 November 2002 Published: 01 June 2003
Comparison of adapalene 0·1% solution and tretinoin 0·025% gel in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: None Ellis, None Millikan, None Smith, None Chalker, None Swinyer, None Katz, None Berger, None Mills Jr, None Baker, None Verschoore, None Loesche
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A multicentre study was conducted to compare clinical safety and efficacy of adapalene 0·1% solution and tretinoin 0·025% gel, both topical treatments for acne, in a once‐daily dosage regimen for 12 weeks. A total of 297 patients were enrolled by eight investigators in this randomized, investigator‐masked study in a parallel group design. An open label period using adapalene followed this study to assess the long‐term safety of adapalene solution. Adapalene and tretinoin proved to be clinically and statistically effective in treating acne by reducing inflammatory (47% and 50%, respectively) and non‐inflammatory lesions (57% and 54%) as compared to baseline. When comparing patients who had 75% or greater improvement in open comedones, adapalene was shown to be significantly more effective than tretinoin. No serious adverse event was reported during this study, including during the long‐term period. The reactions that occurred were similar between treatments, i.e. burning, pruritus, scaling, dryness and erythema.
Response of lymphocyte guanyl cyclase to propranolol, noradrenaline, thymoxamine, and acetylcholine in extrinsic bronchial asthma.
Authors: A M Haddock, K R Patel, W C Alston, J W Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Abnormal CSF flow can impair the distribution of intrathecally administered drugs. We examined the relationship between <sup>111</sup>Indium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (<sup>111</sup>In-DTPA) CSF flow studies and methotrexate levels in ventricular and lumbar CSF and correlated these findings with outcome in patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM). Seven men and 10 women with LM (10 solid tumors, 6 lymphoma, 1 leukemia) received 12 mg methotrexate and 0.5 mCi <sup>111</sup>In-DTPA by intra-Ommaya injection; images were obtained immediately and after 4, 24, and 48 hours. Ventricular and lumbar CSF methotrexate and radioactivity levels were measured 6 hours after injection. Thirteen patients had abnormal CSF flow studies, 9 with multiple sites of obstruction. CSF flow obstruction was observed at ventricular outlets in 13 patients, cerebral convexities in 9, and in the spine in 2. With one exception, all obstructions were explicable by tumor deposits on MRIs. For all patients, ventricular and lumbar methotrexate and radioactivity levels correlated closely. Three patients with a normal CSF flow study are alive at 15 +, 7.5+, and 3.9+ months from treatment. Of 12 with abnormal CSF flow studies, 11 are dead a median of 2 months from diagnosis. Two patients had diffusely delayed flow studies and both developed methotrexate leukoencephalopathy. CSF flow studies using <sup>111</sup>In-DTPA reliably predict distribution of intrathecal methotrexate. Abnormal flow studies correlate with structural abnormalities, are an unfavorable prognostic factor, and may predict intrathecal chemotherapy toxicity.
Induction of a Myocardial Adrenomedullin Signaling System During Ischemic Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Erik Øie, Leif Erik Vinge, Arne Yndestad, Cecilie Sandberg, Haakon K. Grøgaard, Håvard Attramadal
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Increased plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) levels have been reported in congestive heart failure (HF). The present study was designed to investigate myocardial regulation of the different components of the ADM signaling system (ADM, ADM receptor, and receptor-activity–modifying protein-2, RAMP-2) during ischemic HF in rats and to identify the cells in the myocardium displaying ADM-like immunoreactivity (ADM-ir). Furthermore, the effects of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonism on expression of the myocardial ADM system during HF were investigated. Methods and Results —Northern blot analysis revealed increased ADM mRNA expression in the nonischemic left ventricle, with maximal levels 28 days after induction of myocardial infarction (1.5-fold, P &lt;0.05) compared with the sham group. Parallel elevations of myocardial ADM receptor and RAMP-2 mRNA levels were also observed (2.3- and 1.5-fold increase, respectively; P &lt;0.05). In addition, high levels of ADM mRNA were seen in the ischemic region. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a substantial increase of ADM-ir in microvascular endothelium and perivascular interstitial cells of myocardial tissue contiguous to the ischemic region. In addition, radioligand binding studies demonstrated a 1.6-fold increase of specific ADM binding sites in the failing left ventricle ( P &lt;0.05). Intervention with the mixed ET A /ET B receptor antagonist bosentan (100 mg · kg −1 · day −1 PO) for 15 days prevented the increase of RAMP-2 mRNA. Conclusions —The study demonstrates a concerted induction of several components of the myocardial ADM signaling system during postinfarction failure and that the vessels are the main source of myocardial ADM. Our observations indicate a role for ADM as an autocrine/paracrine factor during ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
ISOZYMES OF ACID PHOSPHATASE IN NORMAL AND CALMETTE-GUÉRIN BACILLUS-INDUCED RABBIT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
Authors: S. G. Axline
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The acid phosphatase activity of normal alveolar and BCG-induced alveolar macrophages has been examined. Five electrophoretically distinct forms of acid phosphatase have been identified in both normal and BCG-induced macrophages. The acid phosphatases can be divided into two major categories. One category, containing four distinct forms, is readily solubilized after repeated freezing and thawing or mechanical disruption The second category, containing one form, is firmly bound to the lysosomal membrane and can be solubilized by treatment of the lysosomal fraction with Triton X-100. The Triton-extractable acid phosphatase and the predominant aqueous soluble acid phosphatase have been shown to differ in the degree of membrane binding, in solubility, in net charge, and in molecular weight. The two pre-dominant phosphatases possess identical pH optimum and do not differ in response to enzyme inhibitors. BCG stimulation has been shown to result in a nearly twofold increase in acid phosphatase activity. A nearly proportionate increase in the major acid phosphatase forms has been observed.
Impact of coronary artery remodeling on clinical presentation of coronary artery disease: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Mamoo Nakamura, Hideo Nishikawa, Sei Mukai, Morimichi Setsuda, Kazuki Nakajima, Hiroya Tamada, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Takahiro Ohnishi, Yutaka Kakuta, Takeshi Nakano, Alan C Yeung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Sydenham's Chorea without Evidence of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Jack L. Paradise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN the one hundred and eighty years since Stoll1 first suggested a relation between chorea and arthritis, the concept that Sydenham's chorea is usually a manifestation of rheumatic fever has gained general acceptance. However, the significance of chorea not obviously associated with rheumatic fever has remained a matter of controversy. Although some workers2 , 3 presently favor Roger's4 thesis that chorea is always rheumatic in origin, others5 , 6 prefer to divide choreic patients into a rheumatic group and a presumably nonrheumatic, or "pure," group.In considering the clinical significance of "pure" chorea, the present report calls attention to the rare group of patients . . .
TO THE CONSTITUENT ORGANIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Hubert Work
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —May I address throughThe Journal, particularly the officers of constituent and component organizations of the American Medical Association? The necessity of securing an American army of physically efficient troops is of immediate fundamental importance to the United States. The initial steps toward this lie with and are dependent on the medical profession. The obligation is no longer limited to those appointed by governors to examine registrants, but has been, morally at least, imposed on the entire profession. It is axiomatic that our troops must be of finer fiber, stronger physique, better drilled and officered than an equal number of the enemy, that we may prevail. It therefore becomes the duty of every member of the American Medical Association to aid in securing soldiers of such physical stamina. In attaining this result the cooperation of physicians is confidently anticipated.  I conceive it to be the duty of
Radiological Changes in the Skull in Dystrophia Myotonica
Authors: J. E. Caughey
Journal: BMJ (1952)

in a previous endocrine study of dystrophia myotonica Caughey and Brown (1951) made reference to certain radiological abnormalities of the skull in dystrophia myotonica, and suggested that these changes should be regarded as variable features of the disorder.Since that time I have had the opportunity of studying further cases which have presented with similar radiological findings.No mention of these findings has been dis- covered in the standard textbooks, and this additional account is recorded in the hope that it may stimulate interest and establish the clinical significance of these changes by radiological study of many more cases than one observer can hope to collect.Histoxical Myotonia was first described by Leyden in 1874.In 1876 Thomsen, who himself suffered from myotonia, recorded his own symptoms and signs.The combina- tion of myotonia and muscle atrophy was described by Dana in 1888, but it is D)ldage ( 1890) who is usually credited with the first account of dystrophia myotonica.In 1909 Steinert wrote a full description of the disease, and first described changes in the mental state and some of the associated dystrophic features such as pre- mature frontal baldness and gonadal atrophy.At the time, these latter findings were regarded as being merely coincidental.In 1911 Greenfield recorded the constant association of cataract in the disorder, and thereafter the other dystrophic manifestations of the disorder came to be recognized as an essential part of the clinical picture in the fully developed disorder of the "dystrophic" generation.Few authors have made reference to radiological changes in the skull in these patients.Scharnke and Full (1920) described a large frontal sinus in the prestnce of a normal pituitary fossa.Rouques (1931) reported the radiological findings of the skull in four patients.The calvarium was distinctly thickened in three and less so in the fourth.Large frontal sinuses occurred in two, in two the pituitary fossa was small, and in two it was bridged over by an area of calcification.Fagin (1946) reported the occurrence of hyperostosis frontalis in two patients.Clinical Reports This study is based on 13 patients with dystrophia myotonica-all members of the so-called "dystrophic generation" and all presenting myotonia, characteristic
Induction of labour.
Authors: M G Elder
Journal: BMJ (1979)

diseases.Also, in the light of past investigations, I agree that all patients on psychotropic drugs should be warned that their driving might be adversely affected by their drugs and that this effect can be aggravated by alcohol.If all medical practitioners give this warning and all patients heed it, we are going to find it even more difficult to carry out the randomised control trial that is so badly needed.
A Reassessment of Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: Robert Austrian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Six years have elapsed since a polyvalent vaccine of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides was licensed in the United States for the second time in three decades1; two earlier such vaccines had been withdrawn by their producer because of lack of use. The newly redeveloped vaccine was introduced because of evidence, confirmed repeatedly, that certain segments of the population were at high risk of death from bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia even when treated with potent antimicrobial drugs early in the course of infection.2 3 4 Fatality rates in excess of 25 per cent were observed in treated patients over the age of 50 years . . .
Immune responses to the cleavage-associated neoantigens of fibrinogen in man. Identification and characterization of humoral antibodies specific for cleavage fragments.
Authors: E F Plow, T S Edgington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Cleavage of human fibrinogen and fibrin by plasmin is associated with modification of native antigenic expression and the exposure of cleavage-associated neoantigenic sites on the derivative molecular fragments. In this study, the presence of humoral antibodies in man to cleavage-associated neoantigens has been demonstrated by primary antigen binding radioimmunochemical assays. Specific binding of radioiodinated human fibrinogen D fragment by serum immunoglobulins was demonstrated in 52 of 59 random normal human sera and was independent of immunoglobulin concentration. Binding was mediated by F (ab)2 fragments of IgG, and specificity for neoantigens was indicated by the capacity of the D fragment but not native fibrinogen to competitively inhibit the antibody. The population distribution of antibody to these cleavage-associated neoantigens indicated the presence of a major group of individuals (77%) with a mean antigen binding capacity of 11.8 pmol/ml serum. Two minor populations with : (a) low or undetectable binding capacities (less than 6.0 pmol/ml serum) and (b) exhibiting markedly elevated binding capacities (less 18.0 pmol/ml serum) were delineated. Independent of these features, sera could also be readily separated into two groups that differed with respect to relative antibody affinity. The antibodies in most sera exhibited marked heterogeneity of binding affinity, whereas a small group of sera contained antibodies exhibiting relative homogeneity of binding affinity. Specific antibody was rather equally distributed between the major immunoglobulin classes, and in no serum was the antibody restricted to a single immunoglobulin class. Antibodies capable of binding fibrinogen fragments X, Y, and D and fibrin D fragment were detected in most sera. The quantity of antibody differed for different fragments with X greater than Y congruent to D greater than fibrin D. The presence of antibody capable of binding any single fragment was statistically correlated with the presence of antibody capable of binding other cleavage fragments. No antibody to the E fragment was detected. Antibody to cleavage fragments was not demonstrable in sera containing fibrinogen or fibrin cleavage fragments. Demonstration of this humoral immune response to the products of the fibrinolytic systems provides a new interface between the coagulation and immune system.