tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aggressive Variant of Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: William Makis, Robert Lisbona
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) represents less than 2% of all T-cell lymphomas and usually manifests as a solitary cutaneous lesion generally in older males. It is an indolent disorder with a survival rate of 90% at 10 years, and rarely shows extracutaneous dissemination. The FDG avidity of the lesions of cutaneous ALCL is the lowest reported among T-cell lymphoma subtypes. However, the available positron emission tomography (PET) literature has not taken account of a subtype of primary cutaneous ALCL that presents with extensive limb disease, has a much more aggressive course, and responds poorly to conventional therapy. We report serial F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of a 72-year-old man with this aggressive subtype of primary cutaneous ALCL. This case demonstrates that despite the low reported sensitivity of FDG PET/CT in cutaneous ALCL, PET/CT may in fact play a vital role in identifying patients with the more aggressive extensive limb disease subtype, and help guide therapeutic decisions toward much better outcomes than currently achieved.
Policy challenges of clinical genome sequencing
Authors: C. F. Wright, A. Middleton, H. Burton, F. Cunningham, S. E. Humphries, J. Hurst, E. Birney, H. V. Firth
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Around the world, genome sequencing is moving from research into the clinic, and in the UK plans to sequence the genomes of 100 000 NHS patients are well underway. A clear policy on how to conduct genomic testing is therefore both essential and urgent, argue <b>Caroline Wright and colleagues</b>
Mortality and Length of Stay in Teaching vs Nonteaching Hospitals
Authors: Mark S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr Rosenthal and colleagues<sup>'</sup>presents the results of risk-adjusted mortality models. Their case inclusion rules for skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients are a potentially serious source of bias in comparisons of outcomes by their 3 hospital types. Of their original 89 851 cases, 10316 were admitted from SNFs, but 8421 of these original cases discharged to a SNF were omitted from subsequent analyses. One would expect that nearly all patients admitted from a SNF who survived their acute hospital stay would have been discharged to a SNF. Thus, the elimination of all cases discharged to a SNF virtually ensures biases in the hospital mortality data for SNF admissions. If patients died during their index hospital admission, they were included, but if they survived this hospital admission and were discharged to a SNF, they were excluded. The least adverse impact on mortality outcomes from this
THE CELL WALLS OF GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Arnold S. Bleiweis, Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Group D Types 1 and 26 cell walls and the corresponding type-specific carbohydrates, extracted from the walls by various means, contain rhamnose, glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Mucopeptide elements are also present in the walls and in enzymatically-extracted carbohydrates. Types 1 and 26 carbohydrates extracted by formamide contain no mucopeptide, but the serologic reactivity of Type 1 antigen is destroyed by this procedure. The Type 1 antigen was successfully extracted, however, by a new technique involving autolysis of cell walls at pH 6.2. The type carbohydrate prepared by this procedure has chemical and serological similarities to the antigens prepared by the S. albus enzyme and the lysozyme methods. Quantitative precipitin inhibition studies with Type 1 antigen and antibody indicate that D-glucose and N-acetylglucosamine may be components of the antigenic determinant. The terminal residue is probably bound by an ß-glycosidic bond to the subterminal sugar. Similar studies with the Type 26 carbohydrate have not revealed any of the chemical features of the antigenic determinant.
Innate immunomodulation via transient depletion of monocytes by liposomal-alendronate suppresses neointimal formation following balloon and stent injury in rabbits
Authors: Haim D. Danenberg, Gershon Golomb, Adam R. Groothuis, Philip Seifert, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy increases left-to-right ventricular systolic interaction.
Authors: D J Farrar, J C Woodard, E Chow
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The right ventricle (RV) receives part of its systolic pumping force from the left ventricle through systolic ventricular interaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dilated cardiomyopathy on left ventricular to right ventricular (LV-to-RV) systolic interaction. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed in six normal pigs and in six pigs in which dilated cardiomyopathy resulting in congestive heart failure (CHF) was produced with rapid ventricular pacing at 230 beats per minute for 1 week. In all pigs, we rapidly withdrew blood from the LV apex into a prosthetic ventricle in a single beat, which reduced LV systolic pressure without changing RV or LV end-diastolic pressure, and the resultant instantaneous changes in RV systolic pressure and pulmonary artery flow were determined. The LV-to-RV mean systolic interaction gain was calculated as the change from a normal beat to the instantaneous unloaded beat in mean RV systolic pressure divided by the change in mean LV systolic pressure. Mean systolic pressure gain was approximately 2 1/2 times greater (P &lt; .05) in the CHF animals (0.103 +/- 0.018 mm Hg/mm Hg) than in the normal pigs (0.04- +/- 0.011 mm Hg/mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that left-to-right ventricular systolic interaction is significantly greater in dilated cardiomyopathy compared with the normal heart, indicating that the contribution of the left ventricle to RV systolic pressure generation has increased. This is consistent with decreased elastance of the interventricular septum resulting in increased coupling between the ventricles.
Variations in reported serum alkaline phosphatase activities.
Authors: S G Parker
Journal: BMJ (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the psychological impact of mammographic screening on women with non-malignant outcomes after attending the Netherlands9 National Breast Cancer Screening Programme. DESIGN: During one year all women with false positive test results (95) in a screening area were invited for the study. Each false positive was matched with two women with normal mammograms with respect to age and municipality. A random reference group of 400 was drawn from the female population in an area not yet included in the screening programme. Experiences with screening and psychological status of subjects were assessed 8-10 weeks after screening (T1) and again after six months (T2), by interviews as well as questionnaires. References completed two questionnaires with a six months9 interval. PARTICIPANTS: 74 (78%) women with false positive outcomes and 113 (59%) women with negative outcomes participated at T1, of these 65 (88%) and 105 (93%) at T2, respectively; 238 references returned questionnaires at T1 (59%), of these 143 (60%) at T2. MAIN RESULTS: At 8-10 weeks after the screening, the women who received false positive test results scored higher on most of the variables indicating psychological disfunctioning than women with normal mammograms, but did not notably differ on the same variables from the non-screened reference group. Women with normal mammograms had the lowest scores on all the variables in the study at both assessments. The same situation was observed six months later. Although 61% of the women who received false positive mammograms reported that they had experienced the "false alarm" as a stressful event, this experience had apparently no adverse effects on their psychological functioning, as assessed 8-10 weeks after screening. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, breast screening is not likely to generate adverse psychological effects in "healthy" women, even if the outcome is false positive. Differences in psychological functioning between false positives and negatives are more likely ascribable to feelings of relief in the negative group than to raised anxiety and distress in the false positive group.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS FROM OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
Authors: LUCIEN HOWE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

At the meeting of theAmerican Medical Associationheld in Milwaukee in 1893, the following resolution was unanimously adopted by the Section on Ophthalmology: Whereas, There are in the United States several thousand who have become blind because of ophthalmia neonatorum; and Whereas, This unfortunate result is largely preventable, being due to the neglect of nurses and midwives; therefore <i>Resolved</i>, That it is the sense of this Section of theAmerican Medical Association, that a committee of five be appointed by the chair to urge in all parts of the country, by personal application, by circulars to physicians and legislators, and by blank forms of a desirable law, such legislation as will tend to lessen the blindness caused by this disease. Upon careful consideration, it was decided that the following would be about the best form of a law to suggest for adoption in the various States, this being almost
Effect of False-Positive Mammograms on Interval Breast Cancer Screening in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Marcia L. Burman, Stephen H. Taplin, Douglas F. Herta, Joann G. Elmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Despite the mortality benefits of breast cancer screening, not all women receive regular mammography. Such factors as age, socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation have been associated with greater use of screening. However, we do not know whether having an abnormal mammogram affects future screening. Objective: To examine the effect of a false-positive mammogram on adherence to the next recommended screening mammogram. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The breast cancer screening program at Group Health Cooperative, a health maintenance organization in Washington state. Patients: 5059 women 40 years of age or older with no history of breast cancer or breast surgery who had false-positive (n = 813) or true-negative (n = 4246) index screening mammograms between 1 August 1990 and 31 July 1992. Measurements: Screening rates and odds ratios for recommended interval screening up to 42 months after the index mammogram. Results: After adjustment for differences in age; previous use of mammography; family history of breast cancer; exogenous hormone use; and age at menarche, first childbirth, and menopause, women with false-positive index mammograms were more likely than those with true-negative index mammograms to obtain their next recommended screening mammogram (odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.45]). The relation between a false-positive mammogram and the likelihood of adherence to screening in the next recommended interval was strongest among women who had not previously undergone mammography (odds ratio, 1.66 [CI, 1.26 to 2.17]). Conclusions: Having a false-positive mammogram did not adversely affect screening behavior in the next recommended interval. Women with false-positive mammograms, especially those without previous mammography, were more likely to return for the next scheduled screening.
Neoadjuvant Trials of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Targeting: How Many Drugs Do We Need?
Authors: Lisa A. Carey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

What does the neoadjuvant approach give us that the adjuvant approachdoesnot?Thereareseveralreasonsfortheintenseinterestin neoadjuvant trials. First, compared with adjuvant trials, neoadjuvant trials are typically far smaller (hundreds rather than thousands of patients) and give results in months, not years. Second, neoadjuvant trials provide fertile ground for correlative science; breast tumors are easily and safely accessible, and even serial biopsies are well tolerated. Finally, because the tumor is measurable and end points can be measured while the trial is still accruing, these trials lend themselves to adaptive designs in a way that adjuvant studies cannot. Several recent and ongoing neoadjuvant multicenter studies address the benefits and toxicity of adding single-agent or dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting to chemotherapy in a way that can inform large adjuvant studies. Several European trials, including the Neo-Adjuvant Lapatinib and/orTrastuzumabTreatmentOrganisation(NeoALTTO)trial, 1 Neoadjuvant Study of Pertuzumab and Herceptin in an Early Regimen Evaluation (NeoSPHERE), 2 and the HER2-positive arms of GeparQuinto, 3 were presented or published within the last year (Table1),aswastheItalianmulticenterstudyentitledChemother
Association between hemoglobin variability, serum ferritin levels, and adverse events/mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Takahiro Kuragano, Osamu Matsumura, Akihiko Matsuda, Taiga Hara, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Toshiaki Murata, Kenichiro Kitamura, Shouichi Fujimoto, Hiroki Hase, Nobuhiko Joki, Atushi Fukatsu, Toru Inoue, Ikuhiro Itakura, Takeshi Nakanishi
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

In recent times, therapy for renal anemia has changed dramatically in that iron administration has increased and doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have decreased. Here we used a prospective, observational, multicenter design and measured the serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels every 3 months for 2 years in 1086 patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy. The associations of adverse events with fluctuations in ferritin and hemoglobin levels and ESA and iron doses were measured using a Cox proportional hazards model for time-dependent variables. The risks of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CCVD), infection, and hospitalization were higher among patients who failed to maintain a target-range hemoglobin level and who exhibited high-amplitude fluctuations in hemoglobin compared with patients who maintained a target-range hemoglobin level. Patients with a higher compared with a lower ferritin level had an elevated risk of CCVD and infectious disease. Moreover, the risk of death was significantly higher among patients with high-amplitude ferritin fluctuations compared with those with a low ferritin level. The risks of CCVD, infection, and hospitalization were significantly higher among patients who were treated with high weekly doses of intravenous iron compared with no intravenous iron. Thus, there is a high risk of death and/or adverse events in patients with hemoglobin levels outside the target range, in those with high-amplitude hemoglobin fluctuations, in those with consistently high serum ferritin levels, and in those with high-amplitude ferritin fluctuations.
Is a gastrointestinal series necessary in patients with gallstones?
Authors: M. H. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CONSIDERABLE interest has been generated in recent years by the controversy surrounding the appropriate utilization of diagnostic procedures ( Newsweek , May 9, 1977, pp 8490; US News & World Rep , March 28, 1977, pp 35-38). Hall's 1 editorial entitled Overutilization of Radiological Examinations summarizes and discusses some of the impulses that lead physicians to overutilize radiological studies. Much of what he says represents his opinion and the opinions of others, but some statistical studies are quoted that lend strength to his argument. He quotes Bengmark et al 2 and their report of a study of 935 patients in whom requests for combined oral cholecystography and upper gastrointestinal (GI) series were made. Their study showed that when symptoms were typical of one of the two systems studied, examination of the other system added no therapeutically important information. Hall suggested that once the pertinent diagnosis has been confirmed for patients scheduled for several
The disposition of 6-deoxyacyclovir, a xanthine oxidase-activated prodrug of acyclovir, in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Brian D. Jones, Vinod K. Rustgi, David M. Kornhauser, Amina Woods, Richard Quinn, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Anthony E. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The antiviral drug, acyclovir, has been used in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis. High serum concentrations of acyclovir are required to achieve inhibition of hepatitis B viral replication. Because only 15 to 20% of an oral dose is absorbed, it is necessary to administer acyclovir by intravenous infusion. 6-Deoxyacyclovir, an analog of acyclovir, is well absorbed when given orally, and is converted to acyclovir by xanthine oxidase which is present in the gut and liver. This study has examined the hepatic disposition of 6-deoxyacyclovir in a 100 ml recirculating (12 ml per min) perfused rat liver system. Following administration of a bolus dose of 5 mumoles 6-deoxyacyclovir to the reservoir, perfusate concentrations of 6-deoxyacyclovir declined monoexponentially, as the metabolite acyclovir appeared in the perfusate. Addition of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (5 mg) to the perfusate reservoir prior to the administration of 6-deoxyacyclovir resulted in impaired hepatic metabolism of 6-deoxyacyclovir, as demonstrated by a 47% reduction in systemic clearance rate (4.5 +/- 0.4 to 2.4 +/- 0.9 ml per min; p less than 0.05) (mean +/- S.E., n = 6) and a 1.8-fold increase in terminal elimination half-life of 6-deoxyacyclovir (23.5 +/- 2.7 to 42.7 +/- 4.1 min; p less than 0.05), accompanied by a 30% reduction in appearance of acyclovir. The efficient hepatic conversion of 6-deoxyacyclovir to the active antiviral drug, acyclovir, provides a rationale for trials of oral 6-deoxyacyclovir in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis.
Medicine in America: A Short History
Authors: Guenter B. Risse
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Nowadays reputable scholars usually shy away from writing synthetic historical pieces. The sheer magnitude of the contemporary literature intimidates even the brave, while an increasingly specialized academic reward system discourages general works that fail to reveal new sources of evidence. Thus, readers will praise Dr Cassedy and his courage to write such an interesting history of American medicine. As the author explains in the preface, this book "is selective rather than definitive in nature, suggestive and interpretive rather than comprehensive." This approach allows him to de-emphasize the usual list of dates, names, and accomplishments that crowd so many similar publications. It should be stated from the outset that Cassedy's work is not a conventional history of medicine. Unlike Paul Starr's<i>The Social Transformation of American Medicine</i>, which specifically focuses on the medical profession in our country, the author has carefully woven health-related events and developments into the tapestry of American
The fate of airborne polycyclic organic matter.
Authors: T Nielsen, T Ramdahl, A Bjørseth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Biological tests have shown that a significant part of the mutagenicity of organic extracts of collected airborne particulate matter is not due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is possible that part of these unknown compounds are transformation products of PAH. This survey focuses on the reaction of PAH in the atmosphere with other copollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone and free radicals and their reaction products. Photochemically induced reactions of PAH are also included. The reactivity of particle-associated PAH is discussed in relation to the chemical composition and the physical properties of the carrier. Recommendations for future work are given.
Analyzing antibody activity in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Richard J. Glassock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

IgA nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease defined by deposition of IgA in the glomeruli. An abnormality in the glycosylation of the hinge region of the IgA1 isotype of IgA is fundamental to the origins of this very common form of glomerulonephritis. In this issue of the JCI, Suzuki and coworkers describe the characteristics of IgG autoantibodies to the abnormally glycosylated IgA1 secreted by immortalized B cells derived from patients with sporadic forms of IgA nephropathy (see the related article beginning on page 1668). These IgG autoantibodies displayed remarkably restricted heterogeneity. These observations offer new insights into disease pathogenesis and may lead to new methods of diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy for patients with IgA nephropathy.
FEDERALIZATION OF HEALTH ACTIVITIES
Authors: S. J. Fort
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The thoughts suggested by the following paragraphs, taken from a communication toThe Journal(September 11, p. 861) by Dr. F. M. Wood, are worthy of discussion: The public health propaganda in every community is now bringing into medical practice... an army of untrained, hair-brained cultists and faddists, working in and through the public schools and free clinics. Free public health work now being carried on in city, state and nation is surely subversive of the best interests of the profession, and a menace to the proper practice of medicine. The Sheppard-Towner law secures free advice monthly for expectant mothers through the federal Labor Bureau. Free venereal clinics for men and women, free examinations of children in public schools, and free tuberculosis clinics complicate the picture of the gradual socialization of medicine. Is it any more right that city, state and nation should invade the field of
Carcinoid Syndrome in the Absence of Hepatic Metastases
Authors: SARAH WENHAM, CONOR D. COLLINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 49-year-old man was hospitalized for investigation of a 2-year history of flushing and diarrhea. His urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level was elevated. CT scanning showed no evidence of hepatic metastases and equivocal masses in the mesentery and right pelvis. In-111 octreotide imaging confirmed focal increased uptake in the midabdomen, right iliac fossa, and lower right pelvis at 24 and 48 hours. At laparotomy, soft tissue masses were resected from the mesentery, lower right pelvis, and small bowel in the right iliac fossa. One of the tumor masses was contained within a Meckel’s diverticulum in the terminal ileum. No liver abnormality was found. All resected masses showed classical carcinoid histologic signs. Symptoms resolved immediately after surgery. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A CT image at the level of the umbilicus shows an equivocal soft tissue mass within the mesentery. This could easily be mistaken for an unopacified loop of the small bowel.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: A CT image of the pelvis shows a possible soft tissue mass (arrowhead) just medial to the opacified distal right ureter.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: An In-111 octreotide scan at 24 hours shows normal uptake in the liver and spleen. Abnormal uptake is present in the midabdomen, corresponding to the mesenteric soft tissue mass on seen on the CT.FIGURE 4Fig. 4: (A) An In-111 octreotide scan at 24 hours shows additional foci in the right iliac fossa and adjacent to the right superolateral wall of the bladder. (B) A CT scan shows no abnormality of the terminal ileum.
Four burials and a funeral
Authors: M. E. Black
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I cringe when I see relatives of the dying or dead ignored in hospitals, or when we expend huge efforts and technology on resuscitation only to treat the dead body as just something irrelevant and without meaning, and perhaps a sign of our failure to cheat death. Bereaved family members are as raw and sensitive as peeled eggs. Burials and funerals are healing rituals.

We were a bit stuck as to how to approach my Irish father’s death, with his four children and 10 grandchildren scattered across four different countries. In Ireland it is perfectly fine to …