tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How Cure the NHS became the true professionals at Mid Staffs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

But the future looks bleak for local scrutiny of health organisations



The public inquiry into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust has left few reputations undamaged. But amid the wreckage two emerge with credit: the group Cure the NHS (www.curethenhs.co.uk), set up by patients, relatives, and friends to draw attention to failings at Stafford Hospital, and a local journalist, Shaun Lintern, who gave them a public voice. The rest—boards, regulators, managers, and most doctors and nurses—failed in their professional duty, some more egregiously than others. In identifying failure it was the outsiders who proved to be the true professionals.

This is a sobering conclusion, because the past decade has seen a systematic failure to involve local people effectively in the NHS. Since the abolition of the community health councils in 2002 under Tony Blair’s government, each effort to replace them has proved feebler than the last. The councils were replaced firstly by patient and public involvement forums and then, in 2005, by local involvement networks (LINks). With the unconscious irony for which NHS publications are rightly celebrated, the document setting up LINks was entitled A Stronger Local Voice .

Now a new plan is afoot to replace LINks with Healthwatch, but with little evidence that any lessons have been learnt. The regulations tabled by the government to govern the running of Healthwatch at local level will prevent these bodies from doing anything that promotes or opposes …
Unusual Sequelae of Acute Pancreatitis.
Authors: William M. Lukash
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Unusual Sequelae of Acute Pancreatitis.William M. Lukash, Raymond B. JohnsonWilliam M. LukashSearch for more papers by this author, Raymond B. JohnsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1032_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUnusual and unexpected systemic manifestations and complications may be produced by acute pancreatitis. In a review of 100 patients with pancreatitis, 38% had at least one complication. The diverse effects of this disorder may affect the pancreas and contiguous organs, or remote organs, subsequent to circulatory enzymes being released from the gland.Peripancreatic complications, namely, obstructive jaundice and pseudocyst, are well known. Less apparent are the infrequent peripancreatic inflammatory reactions causing massive ascites, splenic rupture, and colonic lesions. Involvement of the colon may simulate ulcerative colitis, obstruction, or neoplasm.In addition to the occurrence of diabetes and exocrine deficiency observed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1032-1032KeywordsAcute pancreatitisAscitesColonEnzymesLesionsPancreasPancreatitisUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Factors influencing the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients on BRAF inhibitor therapy
Authors: Rachael Anforth, Alexander Menzies, Karen Byth, Giuliana Carlos, Shaun Chou, Raghwa Sharma, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard Kefford, Georgina V. Long, Pablo Fernandez-Peñas
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Copper Metabolism in Man
Authors: S. J. Adelstein, B. L. Vallee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE element copper is ubiquitously distributed on the earth's surface. Its tin alloy, bronze, has been in use for four thousand years, and the salts of the metal were employed in the therapy of eye disease in Babylon, Assyria and Egypt.1 Copper was identified in plant2 , 3 and animal4 material a hundred and forty years ago and was considered a contaminant. It is only in this century that it has been recognized as an essential constituent of all living things and that derangements in copper metabolism have been recognized in human and animal diseases.Distribution of Copper in the BodyCopper . . .
Hospital and community health service costs: England and Scotland compared.
Authors: A C Glen, J K Hulbert
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In publications which have compared the health expenditure in the component parts of the United Kingdom by applying the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula to the health budget of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland it has been previously concluded that Scotland9s hospital and community health services expenditure is more than 19% above what would be a fair distribution. It has also been implied that Scotland9s allocation should be cut substantially to improve services in England. On the assumption that the purpose of examining the distribution of the health and community health service budget is to ensure "equal opportunity of access to health care for people at equal risk" it is concluded that simple RAWPing of the United Kingdom budget is flawed and a conclusion based on this is therefore untenable.
Heparanase regulates retention and proliferation of primitive Sca-1+/c-Kit+/Lin− cells via modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Asaf Spiegel, Eyal Zcharia, Yaron Vagima, Tomer Itkin, Alexander Kalinkovich, Ayelet Dar, Orit Kollet, Neta Netzer, Karin Golan, Itay Shafat, Neta Ilan, Arnon Nagler, Israel Vlodavsky, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2008)
Modulation of the production, storage and release of the neurotrophins NGF, BDNF and NT-3 by dexamethasone and theophylline in human peripheral eosinophils
Authors: Oliver Noga, Dunja Görges, Gerald Hanf, Bettina Rost, Ulrich Gerd Ohnemus, Gert Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Sudek's Atrophy v Disuse Osteoporosis-Reply
Authors: David Frager
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In our article, "The 'Bone Within a Bone,' " we never stated that subcortical osteoporosis of the round bones of the carpus and tarsus is unique to the reflex dystrophy syndrome (Sudeck's atrophy). We agree with Dr Kilcoyne that such subcortical osteoporosis is often seen in immobilization osteoporosis (disuse osteoporosis) as well. In fact, differentiation on radiological grounds alone is often impossible.<sup>1</sup> The case illustrated in Fig 7 of our article represents the foot and ankle of a 13-year-old boy who had the classic clinical manifestation of the acute reflex dystrophy syndrome in addition to the described roentgenographic findings.
Factor XIIa Inhibitor Recombinant Human Albumin Infestin-4 Abolishes Occlusive Arterial Thrombus Formation Without Affecting Bleeding
Authors: Ina Hagedorn, Stefan Schmidbauer, Irina Pleines, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Ulrich Kronthaler, Guido Stoll, Gerhard Dickneite, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Blood coagulation is a tightly regulated process of sequentially activated serine proteases culminating in fibrin formation, which is critical for limiting posttraumatic blood loss but also may contribute to acute thrombotic diseases, most notably myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent studies with factor XII-deficient mice revealed that the factor XII-induced intrinsic coagulation pathway is essential for pathological thrombus formation but dispensable for hemostasis. Consequently, these findings led to the hypothesis that factor XII could be a promising pharmacological target for safe antithrombotic therapy.The complementary DNA of the previously described factor XIIa inhibitor Infestin-4, cloned from the midgut of Triatoma infestans, was fused to recombinant human albumin (rHA) and analyzed in vitro. The resulting protein rHA-Infestin-4 specifically inhibits factor XIIa and causes prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time in human, mouse, and rat plasma. To assess its inhibitory potency in vivo, mice and rats were injected with rHA-Infestin-4 and challenged in pathological thrombus formation models. In addition, bleeding assays were performed. rHA-Infestin-4 completely abolished occlusive arterial thrombus formation in mice and rats while leaving hemostasis fully intact. Furthermore, rHA-Infestin-4 was highly protective in a murine model of ischemic stroke.These results identify rHA-Infestin-4 as a promising agent to achieve powerful protection from ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events without affecting hemostasis.
Evaluation of Radionuclide Imaging and Echography in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: KATSUJI IKEKUBO, TOSHIAKI HIGA, MASAHIRO HIRASA, TAKASHI ISHIHARA, NORIO WASEDA, TORU MORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Radionuclide imaging with both Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate and Tl-201 chloride was studied in 152 patients with thyroid nodules. Ultrasonography also was performed in 81 of those patients. Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate scans demonstrated nodules in 69.7% of 78 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DC) and 72.2% of 54 thyroid adenomas (Ad). Tl-201 chloride was accumulated in 73.7% of DC and 53.6% of Ad. By combining the Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate and Tl-201 chloride scans, the detectability of the nodules was increased to 90.8% for DC and 88.9% for Ad, respectively. The Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate scans showed better visualization of cystic lesions than did the Tl-201 chloride imaging. The Tl-201 chloride images clearly demonstrated intrathoracic tumor invasions in six cases of carcinoma and two cases of Ad. The Tl-201 chloride scan was also of value in detecting regional lymph node involvement and the recurrence and metastasis after thyroidectomy. The detectability of space-occupying lesions by ultrasonography was 96.3% in 81 patients with thyroid nodules. Ultrasonography differentiated well between solid and cystic lesions. The presence and extent of nodular lesions were detected with radionuclide imaging and ultrasonography in 98.8% of patients. Radionuclide imaging combined with ultrasonography provides a rapid, convenient, and useful method for the localization and visualization of thyroid tumors.
Hemicranial Aplasia Associated with Pulsating Exophthalmos
Authors: Irving Zieper
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN A RECENT REVIEW of hemicranial aplasia associated with pulsating exophthalmos, an unusual manifestation of Von Recklinghausen's disease, it was pointed out that either this syndrome is not recognized or it is quite rare. As of 1960, there were only 54 case reports of this condition in the world literature. The following case was readily diagnosed and constitutes another example of this syndrome.  Report of a Case  A 9-year-old white female was admitted to Keesler Air Force Base Hospital in July, 1962. The patient was noted at approximately 1 month of age to have regular pulsations of the left eye in time with the pulse. During her life she had been seen by several physicians, and, though the mother made note of this abnormality,  diagnosis was made. Two months prior to admission the patient was struck on the left zygoma with a baseball bat. X-rays revealed no fracture and
Antibodies to Butyrate-Inducible Antigens of Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus in Patients with HIV-1 Infection
Authors: George Miller, Michael O. Rigsby, Lee Heston, Elizabeth Grogan, Ren Sun, Craig Metroka, Jay A. Levy, Shou-Jiang Gao, Yuan Chang, Patrick Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The recent identification in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma of DNA sequences with homology to gammaherpesviruses has led to the hypothesis that a newly identified virus, Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpeslike virus (KSHV), has a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. We developed serologic markers for KSHV infection.
Better blood transfusion
Authors: D. Provan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Allogeneic blood transfusion (transfusion of blood from another individual) in the United Kingdom has never been safer from the risk of transmission of infection.1 Nevertheless, the cost of the blood transfusion service is set to rise substantially owing to the introduction of measures aimed at further increasing the safety of donated blood. A recent inquiry into errors during the process of transfusion has highlighted the need for measures to ensure safety when blood is used. Moreover, the demand for blood is outstripping supply. For all these reasons, therefore, it is time for the United Kingdom to re-examine the way blood is provided and used, reducing allogeneic transfusion where possible and seriously considering alternatives.

The measures to increase the safety of donated blood have arisen mostly in relation to recent concerns about the theoretical risk of transmission of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. From June 1998 British plasma has been banned for fractionation, from July 1999 all plasma destined for fractionation will be subjected to nucleic acid testing for hepatitis C virus, and by November 1999 all cellular blood products will also undergo leucodepletion …
Oral Contraceptives and Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: John J. Schrogie
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In our opinion, the data Drill used are not suitable for the analysis he undertook and, to the limited extent that they can be used, we interpret them differently.  The author's argument is based on the observation that in the studies cited only 63 cases of thromboembolism were observed in drug users, whereas he expected to see 151 based on his review of previously published data. He describes this difference as statistically not significant, but no method of analysis is cited. We applied a rudimentary but appropriate test of significance that leads to an enormous level of chi-square and a probability far less than.001.    Clearly the number of cases seen is significantly smaller than expected. Unless one is willing to infer that oral contraceptives are protective from thromboembolic disease (a hypothesis which Drill rejects) then either of two explanations must follow: (a) his estimate of the expected
Aminopeptidase A is a functional target in angiogenic blood vessels
Authors: Serena Marchiò, Johanna Lahdenranta, Reinier O Schlingemann, Donatella Valdembri, Pieter Wesseling, Marco A Arap, Amin Hajitou, Michael G Ozawa, Martin Trepel, Ricardo J Giordano, David M Nanus, Henri B.P.M Dijkman, Egbert Oosterwijk, Richard L Sidman, Max D Cooper, Federico Bussolino, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE SPIROCHAETA PALLIDA IN THE BRAIN SUBSTANCE OF LIVING PARETICS (FORSTER AND TOMASCZEWSKI)
Authors: UDO J. WILE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Following the demonstration by Noguchi of the<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>in the stained specimens of the brain in general paralysis, Marie, Levaditi and Bauchowski<sup>1</sup>were able to demonstrate the organism from the fresh brain at necropsy by the dark field illumination. During the past month a cooperative finding of no less importance has been reported by E. Forster, assisted by E. Tomasczewski.<sup>2</sup>Employing the method of brain puncture, these authors have been able to demonstrate living spirochetes in the aspirated cortical substance. Their first report included six cases examined with positive findings in two. Twenty cases have been examined to July 28, and the organisms have been found in eight. Through the kindness of Professor Forster I have been permitted to assist in two of these operations, to substantiate the microscopic findings, and to report herein the method of procedure. The method of puncture is as follows: The patient's
Loss of Heterozygosity of the Retinoblastoma (RB1) Gene in Lipomas From a Retinoblastoma Patient
Authors: Harald Rieder, Barbara Poensgen, Barbara Fritz, Muecevher Aslan, Dorothea Drohm, Helga Rehder, Dietmar Lohmann, Franz-Josef Strombach Angersbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)
Captopril and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Edmund J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent letter, Dr Sawicki and colleagues<sup>1</sup>question whether captopril has kidney-protecting properties and, therefore, whether it is superior to conventional antihypertensive treatment. In formulating their argument, the authors quote information that is not accurate with respect to our own publication.<sup>2</sup>For example, the rates of loss of creatinine clearance they attributed to patients in our study were much higher than those that we actually experienced. As we noted, we carried out a logarithmic transformation of sequential measurements of the creatinine clearances to improve the distributional assumptions of a simple, linear, random-effects model. We reported the rate of change as a percentage per year, rather than milliliters per minute per year. The placebo group diminished their creatinine clearance at a rate of 17% per year, as opposed to the captopril group, which lost function at 11% per year (<i>P</i>=.03). We believe that this
SPECT Gallium-67 Scanning in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Failure of Scanning Abnormalities to Correlate with Immunologic Staging
Authors: GREGG T. ANDERS, JAMES H. TIMMONS, JAMES E. JOHNSON, HERMAN M. BLANTON, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The use of gallium scanning in the treatment of patients with AIDS has been well described. In this study, 27 HIV-infected patients (Walter Reed Staging Classification I-V) with normal chest roentgenograms were evaluated to determine the occurrence of thoracic gallium abnormalities in early HIV infection. SPECT was used for gallium scanning. Patients received gallium injection on day 1 and bronchoalveolar lavage on day 2, and scanning was performed on day 3. Twenty-eight scans in 27 patients were performed. Mean nodal SPECT activity was compared with corresponding values for lung parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, and peripheral blood T4 lymphocyte counts. No relationship between nodal and parenchymal activity and cell counts was observed. Although visual scan interpretation was unaffected, gallium activity was significantly increased in the region of bronchoalveolar lavage compared with uptake in other lung regions. It is concluded that SPECT gallium scanning demonstrates significant gallium avidity in recently lavaged lung areas, although no impact on visual scan interpretation was seen. Further, no correlation was seen between the degree of nodal uptake and the immunologic status of these patients with early HIV infection.
Abstract 5151: A687V EZH2 is a driver of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) hyper-trimethylation
Authors: Heidi Ott, Alan Graves, Melissa Pappalardi, Ryan Kruger, Peter Tummino, Caretha Creasy, Michael T. McCabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The EZH2 methyltransferase silences gene expression through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). Recently, EZH2 mutations have been reported at Y641, A677, and A687 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. While the Y641F/N/S/H/C and A677G mutations exhibit clearly increased activity with substrates di-methylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me2), the A687V mutant has been shown to prefer a mono-methylated lysine 27 (H3K27me1) with little gain of activity toward H3K27me2. Herein, we demonstrate that despite this unique substrate preference, A687V EZH2 still drives increased H3K27me3 when transiently expressed in cells. However, unlike the previously described mutants which dramatically deplete global H3K27me2 levels, A687V EZH2 retains normal levels of H3K27me2. Sequencing of B-cell derived cancer cell lines identified a cell line harboring this mutation. Similar to exogenous expression of A687V EZH2, this cell line exhibited elevated H3K27me3 while possessing H3K27me2 levels higher than Y641 or A677 mutant lines. Treatment of A687V EZH2 mutant cells with GSK126, a selective EZH2 inhibitor, induced global H3K27me3 demethylation, robust gene activation, caspase activation, and decreased proliferation. These findings suggest that A687V EZH2 likely increases global H3K27me3 indirectly through increased catalytic activity with H3K27me1 and cells harboring this mutation are highly dependent on EZH2 activity for their survival. Citation Format: Heidi Ott, Alan Graves, Melissa Pappalardi, Ryan Kruger, Peter Tummino, Caretha Creasy, Michael T. McCabe. A687V EZH2 is a driver of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) hyper-trimethylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5151. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5151
Subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether in the rat and rabbit.
Authors: S J Barbee, J B Terrill, D J DeSousa, C C Conaway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) was evaluated in rats and rabbits using a 13-week exposure regimen. Groups of 20 rabbits (10 M, 10 F) and 30 rats (15 M, 15 F) were exposed to a vapor of 25 ppm, 100 ppm, or 400 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week. The control groups received air only. Physical examinations and body weight measurements were conducted on all animals pretest and weekly throughout the study. Ophthalmoscopic examination was performed pretest and at termination. Evaluation of hematology and clinical chemistry was conducted on 10 animals per sex per group from each species after 13 weeks of study. Histopathological changes were assessed for all animals from the high-dose and control groups. In addition, selected tissues were examined from all animals from the mid- and low-dose groups. Both species exhibited an increased incidence of lacrimation and mucoid nasal discharge, but the response was not consistently dose-related. Rats exposed to EGEE showed no compound-related effects except for a decrease in pituitary to body weight ratio for high-dose males and a decrease in absolute spleen weight for all female animals. The spleen to body weight ratio was also less than controls for the females in the low- and high-dose groups. Pathological changes supportive of these organ weight changes were not observed. The rabbit is the more sensitive species to the subchronic toxicological effects from EGEE. Mean body weight values for low- and high-dose animals were decreased; the mid-dose animals, however, showed no change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of cathepsin B in human malignant melanoma
Authors: E. FRÖHLICH, G. SCHAUMBURG-LEVER, C. KLESSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Proteases are known to enhance the spread of tumour cells. Possible sources of these proteases are the tumour cells themselves or fibroblasts in the tumour tissue. Immunological staining with anticathepsin B antibody indicates that the subcellular distribution of cathepsin B in tumour cell lines differs from that in normal liver. The aims of this study were: (i) to show whether different types of melanoma differ in their production of cathepsin B; (ii) to identify the cathepsin B-producing cells; and (iii) to determine the subcellular distribution of cathepsin B in melanoma cells. All types of melanomas contained cell regions stained with anticathepsin B antibody. The intensity of the stain and the number of cells reacting with anticathepsin B antibody depended on the size of the tumour but not on the type of melanoma. Epithelioid cells stained more intensely with anticathepsin B antibody than spindle-shaped cells. Cells staining with anticathepsin B antibody were almost exclusively tumour cells. Anticathepsin B stain was located mainly in vesicular structures which did not contain a filamentous matrix. Additional anticathepsin B stain was detected at the extracellular spaces. Hypomelanotic melanoma cells, mainly of the epithelioid type, produced most of the cathepsin B. Cathepsin B may be involved in both the degradation of possibly abnormal melanosomes and the focal degradation of the extracellular matrix.