tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Severe Pneumonia in the Very Elderly
Authors: ALI A. EL-SOLH, PAWAN SIKKA, FADI RAMADAN, JOAN DAVIES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The etiology of severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation in the very elderly has been imprecise because of lack of comprehensive studies and low yield of diagnostic approach. Overall, 104 patients 75 yr of age and older with severe pneumonia were studied prospectively at two university-affiliated hospitals. Microbial investigation included blood culture, serology, pleural fluid, and bronchoalveolar secretions. Streptococcus pneumoniae (14%), gram-negative enteric bacilli (14%), Legionella sp. (9%), Hemophilus influenzae (7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7%) were the predominant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Staphylococcus aureus (29%), gram-negative enteric bacilli (15%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) accounted for most isolates of nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). The case fatality rate was 55% (53% for CAP and 57% for NHAP; p > 0.5). Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Index, pulmonary, endocrine and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities were associated with distinct microbial etiology. By multivariate analysis, hospital mortality was associated independently with 24-h urine output (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 7.9; p < 0.001), septic shock (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9 to 8.9; p = 0.0059), radiographic multilobar involvement (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 15.6; p = 0.02), and inadequate antimicrobial therapy (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 23.9; p = 0.034). Further studies should focus on identifying effective antimicrobial regimens in randomized trials.
Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia in Sardinia, Italy, and mutations in ARH: a clinical and molecular genetic analysis
Authors: Marcello Arca, Giovanni Zuliani, Kenneth Wilund, Filomena Campagna, Renato Fellin, Stefano Bertolini, Sebastiano Calandra, Giorgio Ricci, Nicola Glorioso, Mario Maioli, Paolo Pintus, Ciriaco Carru, Fausto Cossu, Jonathan Cohen, Helen H Hobbs
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Pharmacological inhibition of in vitro infectivity of human T lymphotropic virus type I.
Authors: S Matsushita, H Mitsuya, M S Reitz, S Broder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is an exogenous RNA tumor virus etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia and related diseases. In this paper, we describe that two 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues, erythro 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (also called azidothymidine) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine can inhibit the infectivity of HTLV-I against helper/inducer T cells in vitro. Both 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues inhibited the overgrowth of target T cells, which was a consequence of virally mediated transformation, when they were exposed to the virus and cultured with the compounds. A profound decrease in the expression of HTLV-I gag-proteins was also observed. Moreover, we observed that the amount of proviral DNA detected in cellular DNA from the target T cells was substantially reduced when the cells were protected by the compounds against the virus and that at certain concentrations of the compounds the synthesis of viral DNA was completely suppressed. These results may be of value in developing a new pharmacological strategy for preventing the replication and possibly blocking the transmission of HTLV-I and related retroviruses in human beings.
The Development of a Service-Oriented Psychiatric Program in a Disadvantaged Area
Authors: ALAN J. ROSENTHAL, HARVEY LANGEE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors undertook to establish a small, service-oriented psychiatric program in a disadvantaged minority community. Thefr experience in independently negotiating this psychiatric program with community leaders is described, and the resistances encountered both from the community and from professional colleagues are elaborated. It is the authors' view that individual psychiatrists, with minimal financial or organizational backing, may contribute significantly to mental health care in a poverty area as well as open channels of communication between middle-class and poverty communities, although this requires some departure from their traditional role.
Mondor's Disease
Authors: Bromley S. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The note on Mondor's disease and String Phlebitis (<b>196</b>:1087, 1966) suggests a crude technique for treatment, "the forcible snapping of the band." String phlebitis occasionally occurs after plastic surgery of the breast, especially augmentation mammoplasties and subcutaneous mastectomies with immediate prosthetic augmentation. Sectioning of the fibrous band or a simple excision of a segment will relieve the pain and tenderness immediately, as well as allow rapid subsidence of the subcutaneous inflammatory phlebitis. Local anesthesia around the inflamed vessel has helped and reduced the spastic element. It is absurd to allow spontaneous disappearance in a painful or tender band if simple incision or segmental excision will reduce it immediately. "Forcible snapping" is akin to hitting a ganglion with the family Bible.
Water Intoxication and Thioridazine
Authors: Charles M. Fischman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1975Water Intoxication and ThioridazineCHARLES M. FISCHMAN, M.D.CHARLES M. FISCHMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-852_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the letter by Rao, Miller, and Moses (Ann Intern Med 82:61-63, 1975), thioridazine (Mellaril®) was mentioned as a cause of dilutional hyponatremia.We have recently treated an institutionalized 28-year-old paranoid schizophrenic patient for inappropriate antidiuretic hormone activity (ADH) twice in a 14-day period.On the first admission, she arrived in the Emergency Room comatose with a serum sodium of 115 meq/litre, a urinary osmolality of 408 milliosmols/kg H2O, a serum osmolality of 236 milliosmols/kg H2O, and a urinary sodium of 70 meq/litre. The patient had been in her usual state of health until one day before... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES M. FISCHMAN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntipsychotic-Induced HyponatraemiaA Review of Disorders of Water Homeostasis in Psychiatric PatientsTreatment of Hypoosmolar and Hyperosmolar StatesLong-term neurologic outcome in psychogenic water drinkers with severe symptomatic hyponatremia: The effect of rapid correctionPolydipsia in the chronically mentally ill: A reviewManners of Arginine Vasopressin Secretion in Schizophrenic Patients:—With Reference to the Mechanism of Water Intoxication—SIADH: A Serious Side Effect of Psychotropic DrugsThe Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (Siadh): An Overview 1 June 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 852-852KeywordsAntidiuretic hormoneComaEmergency departmentHyponatremiaIntoxicationSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
LOUIS XIV AND HIS OPERATION FOR FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: Theodore Diller
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An editorial writer in the current number of the<i>Annals of Medical History</i>quotes from Déqueret (Histoire du grand roi, 1924) an exceedingly interesting account of an operation for fistula in ano to which the Grand Monarch submitted at the hands of Felix, the leading French surgeon of his day, in the year 1686. The operation was a great success, and Felix's fame was secure; not only that but he was presented by the grateful king with a castle at Moulineaux and given a fee of 40,000 crowns besides. Many of Louis' courtiers desired the same operation that they might share some of the king's distinction. Dionin, next most prominent surgeon, stated that he angered more than thirty members of Louis' court by refusing their request to do this operation when he saw there was no need whatever for it. No Grand Monarch rules today. But fashions
NEUROLOGICAL JOTTINGS.-II
Authors: J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1920)

CHlICKEN-POX AND HERPES.complains of pain and weakness of the back.Walks bent up with the help of a stick.Sehnee baths and general massage.He attended regularly, s,nd made such marked progress that he resumed work at the coal-face on February 13th, 1920.He was unable to satisfy his fellow workers, and gave up work on Marcb 23rdi The man is quite fit for light work, but is still unable to follow his old employment.
A Case of Fibrous Stricture of the Pylorus: Enterostomy: Death
Authors: G. J. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1885)

instructions, with his return to ordinary diet, that hlad occasioned' his relapse.He now became obedient, and conducted the cleansing pro- cess with regularity daily, or oni alternate days, according to circum- stances; but he again fell back in Miay, 1880, and for a time nutrition remained at a low standard.Stricter attention to the washing process was now enforced by the occurrence of severe epigastric pain which, like the vomiting, was immediately relieved by the use of the siphon; he declared that he could not live without its help.In May, 1881, when he again presented himself, he was in fair health, and seemed to have nearly recovered his normal state of nutri- tion; he was washing out every seconti day, and was taking ordinary diet.In the following May (1882), he was washing out daily, or even twice a day, in order to prevent the occurrence of pain; and, except that he now found it necessary to be particularly careful in his diet, he accounted himself in good health.In Mlay, 1883, he looked thin and pale ; he had intermitted the use
NHS staff must be trained in how to prevent aggression
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—“I suddenly cut across three lanes of traffic without signalling and made an abusive gesture at anyone who sounded their horn.” It is hardly surprising, even though it is unacceptable, if a psychopath gets out of his car and punches that driver. The driver then claims to be an innocent victim of road rage. Not many victims of violence admit to that sort of behaviour, and they wouldn't get much sympathy if they did. NHS staff receive …
A CASE OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY OF THE PERONEAL TYPE; Twenty-one of the Patient's Relatives being also Affected
Authors: G. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1928)

coloniies simulating those of B. typhosuis were saccharose fermenters, so that the use of sacchaiose in a modified Endo medium enabled me to distinguishA rapidly between them and those of B. typhosus.The principal organism forming these black colonies on the bismuth sulphite medium is present in most specimens of sewage, but has not so far beeni found by me in faeces.The chief characters of this
Normative and prescriptive implications of individual differences
Authors: Jonathan Baron
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Stanovich &amp; West (S&amp;W) have two goals, one concerned with the evaluation of normative models, the other with development of prescriptive models. Individual differences have no bearing on normative models, which are justified by analysis, not consensus. Individual differences do, however, suggest where it is possible to try to improve human judgments and decisions through education rather than computers.
Persistent sex differences in growth control of early rat liver lesions are programmed during promotion in the resistant hepatocyte model
Authors: D Liao, I Porsch-Hallstrom, J A Gustafsson, A Blanck
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The effects of gonadal hormones on several parameters associated with sex-differentiated promotion in the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model were studied. Male and female rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine and promoted with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and partial hepatectomy [correction of hepatecomy] (PH). Before promotion, some female rats were ovariectomized, with or without receiving subcutaneous testosterone implants. Rats were killed either at the time of cessation of 2-AAF treatment or 2 weeks later. Ovariectomy decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the female-specific cytochrome P450 2C12 ( CYP 2C12) at the time of PH, but did not increase the male-specific CYP 2C11. Testosterone treatment further decreased CYP 2C12 and induced CYP 2C11 to the level in male liver. Hepatic foci positive for the placental form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P) were larger in male than in female rats. Ovariectomy did not affect the size of foci, whereas testosterone treatment increased the size to the male level. At the time of cessation of 2-AAF treatment, the labeling index, determined as cells staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was higher in foci of males and testosterone-treated females than in foci from females with or without ovariectomy, whereas the labeling index in the surrounding hepatocytes was lower in males and testosterone-treated females. Two weeks later, the sex differences in labeling index were still present in foci, but no differences were observed in the surrounding hepatocytes. An elevated c- myc expression was observed in nodules isolated 3 weeks after PH from males and testosterone-treated females, but not in nodules from intact females. In conclusion, ovarian hormones did not affect promotion in the RH-model, whereas testosterone administration to ovariectomized females masculinized growth hormone-regulated hepatic parameters and response to promotion. The persistent sex differentiation in focal proliferation and c-myc expression indicated that a hormone-regulated change in growth control was introduced during 2-AAF/PH treatment.
Role of the Glutathione Metabolic Pathway in Lung Cancer Treatment and Prognosis: A Review
Authors: Ping Yang, Jon O. Ebbert, Zhifu Sun, Richard M. Weinshilboum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Inherent and acquired drug resistance is a cause of chemotherapy failure, and pharmacogenomic studies have begun to define gene variations responsible for varied drug metabolism, which influences drug efficacy. Platinum-based compounds are the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of advanced stage lung cancer patients, and the glutathione metabolic pathway is directly involved in the detoxification or inactivation of platinum drugs. Consequently, genotypes corresponding to higher drug inactivation enzyme activity may predict poor treatment outcome. Available evidence is consistent with this hypothesis, although a definitive role for glutathione system genes in lung cancer prognosis needs to be elucidated. We present evidence supporting a role of the glutathione system in acquired and inherited drug resistance and/or adverse effects through the impact of either drug detoxification or drug inactivation, thus adversely effecting lung cancer treatment outcome. The potential application of glutathione system polymorphic genetic markers in identifying patients who may respond favorably, selecting effective antitumor drugs, and balancing drug efficacy and toxicity are discussed.
CALR mutations in patients with essential thrombocythemia diagnosed in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Fiorina Giona, Luciana Teofili, Sara Capodimonti, Marica Laurino, Maurizio Martini, Deborah Marzella, Giovanna Palumbo, Daniela Diverio, Robin Foà, Luigi Maria Larocca
Journal: Blood (2014)
Duration of Last Attack in 998 Fatal Cases of Coronary Artery Disease and its Relation to Possible Cardiac Resuscitation
Authors: R. H. McNeilly, J. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

All the deaths attributed to coronary artery disease and occurring in Belfast during one year were studied.The frequency distributions of the cases by interval of time between onset of the last attack and death are given for those not admitted to hospital, for those admitted to hospital, and for those already in hospital for some other cause of illness.Sixty per cent. of all the deaths occurred outside hospital. This indicates that the problem of cardiac resuscitation in coronary artery disease is to a considerable extent an extra-hospital one.Twenty-seven per cent. of the men and 22% of the women died within 15 minutes, but the median period of survival was 3 hours 30 minutes for men and 6 hours 18 minutes for women.The median time interval from the onset of the attack to sending for medical aid was 1 hour 17 minutes for men and 1 hour 6 minutes for women, and from summoning medical aid to sending for the ambulance 59 minutes for men and 1 hour 26 minutes for women. Ninety-six per cent. of the ambulance journeys to the patient were accomplished in less than 20 minutes.It was found among men, but not among women, that the duration of survival tended to be longer in older patients and in second or subsequent attacks.Of the 596 who did not gain admission to hospital 229 (23% of all the 998 patients) were known to have survived for more than half an hour after the onset of the fatal attack; 182 (18%) survived for more than one hour; and 143 (14%) survived for more than two hours. It is among these that there would appear to be special scope for the cardiac ambulance, providing that medical aid is sought and the ambulance is summoned without delay.
Cytokine polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 pathway genes, body mass index, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yingtai Chen, Tongzhang Zheng, Qing Lan, Francine Foss, Christopher Kim, Xuezhong Chen, Min Dai, Yumin Li, Theodore Holford, Brian Leaderer, Peter Boyle, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Yawei Zhang
Journal: Blood (2010)
Confessions of a blood donor
Authors: J. Hollis-Triantafillou
Journal: BMJ (1995)

My friend Jilly is a blood donor and, as in all areas of her life, she undertakes her duties with boundless enthusiasm.

Greece is a country with a high demand for blood, mainly owing to the numbers of children with thalassaemia major who, throughout their tragically short lives, regularly attend the local hospitals for monthly transfusions; fortunately, these numbers are decreasing thanks to routine prenatal testing and the offer of early abortion.

Many systems have been devised to cover these additional needs, including the inducement of days off to army recruits and civil servants who become donors, but it is still common practice, for those undergoing operations where transfusion is likely to be …
Reimbursement of Physicians
Authors: Jeffrey E. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In a recent COMMENTARY (1981;246:1203) entitled Reimbursement Problems Encountered by Private Physicians, Frances Siegel, MD, complained about the disparity between fee schedules of primary care specialists (ie, pediatricians, obstetrician-gynecologists, internists) and family practitioners. She argued that it was inequitable for one to receive a higher payment for the same service, since both graduated from programs of equal length. The inference that family practitioners and primary care specialists have had equal training is patently false. Family practitioners spend a brief portion of their training in each of the specialities and while in practice their efforts toward continuing medical education must be diffused over the entire spectrum of primary care, not to mention surgery. The fact is that family practitioners simply do not offer the same service to their patients. I agree with Dr Siegel that family physicians, as a general rule, do offer excellent medical care; however, it
Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus thalidomide plus dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a comparative analysis of 411 patients
Authors: Francesca Gay, Suzanne R. Hayman, Martha Q. Lacy, Francis Buadi, Morie A. Gertz, Shaji Kumar, Angela Dispenzieri, Joseph R. Mikhael, P. Leif Bergsagel, David Dingli, Craig B. Reeder, John A. Lust, Stephen J. Russell, Vivek Roy, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Thomas E. Witzig, Rafael Fonseca, Robert A. Kyle, Philip R. Greipp, A. Keith Stewart, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Defensive medicine is good medicine
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
840 Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) with systemic nocardiosis and a large population of CD3+ CD4−CD8− T cell receptor (TCR) α/β+ lymphocytes
Authors: J VENZORIII, Q HUA, C MIRANDA, D HUSTON, R BRESSLER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Five people are arrested in Spain's first case of attempted organ trafficking
Authors: A. G. Rada
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Five people have been arrested by Spanish police on charges of being involved in the first case of organ trafficking to be highlighted in the country.

One of those arrested is Hatem Akouche, a wealthy 61 year old Lebanese mayor with liver cancer, who offered €40 000 (£33 000; $55 000) to nine undocumented migrants for a portion of their liver, say official reports. 

The arrests came after a 2012 complaint from a local non-governmental organisation in Valencia that knew about the case through one of the migrants, …
A Review of 300 Patients with Haematemesis or Melaena
Authors: J. E. Cates
Journal: BMJ (1959)

UNILATERAL AMBLYOPIA BRrN& MEDICAL JOURN&L that no fewer than 527 (5.27%) have one practically useless eye.This condition is colloquially known as "lazy eye."In 1% of all the patients examined one eye was registrably blind, in another 2% the eye had such poor vision as to be quite useless.In the remaining 2% of amblyopic patients the vision was so poor that binocular vision was absent.If this finding were extended to the population at large, it is apparent that, out of every 100 children born, between 5 and 6 are destined to lose the use of one eye.This condition of unilateral amblyopia is well known throughout the civilized world as a source of wastage of man-power in times of national emergency.Its economic and social disadvantages are equally serious, especially should anything happen to the good eye.An amblyopic patient is usually ignorant of his disability, relying unconsciously on his good eye.Unfortunately the condition develops in infancy and early childhood, and by the time the child starts school it too often has become permanently established.In a country with the most comprehensive medical service in the world, it is paradoxical that its young children should be allowed to run the risk of suffering from this grave disability through neglect.I thank Mr. N. P. R. Galloway and Mr. G. Gordon Napier for their kindness and encouragement, and numerous family doctor colleagues who kindly referred their patients to me