tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Swine Model
Authors: Carlos E. Ruiz, He Ping Zhang, Amjad I. Butt, Peter Whittaker
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Previous studies used covered stent grafts to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms; however, such devices block flow into aortic side branches. We used uncovered stents with and without additional embolization coils to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm in a swine model and examined serial histological changes in the aneurysms over a 6-month period. Methods and Results We examined aneurysms in 9 control and 9 treated pigs (5 received stents alone and 4 received stents and coils). Aneurysms were surgically created with abdominal fascia. Three days later, we percutaneously placed a self-expandable uncovered stent across the aneurysm. Coils were implanted through the stent into the aneurysm lumen. An aortogram immediately after stent placement showed no significant change in aneurysm lumen; however, in pigs that had aortograms between 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the diameter decreased (28% to 65%) in 4 of 5 pigs, and 1 had no discernible aneurysm. Three treated pigs died, but only 1 from rupture. In contrast, 7 untreated aneurysms ruptured (2 pigs died of other causes). Histological examination revealed that the aneurysm lumen was reduced after treatment by collagen production. This healing process was accelerated in aneurysms treated with both stents and coils. In contrast, only limited amounts of new collagen were found in untreated, ruptured aneurysms. Instead, the fascia was disrupted and there was evidence of collagen degradation. Conclusions We found that uncovered stents reduce the likelihood of aneurysm rupture in a swine model without blocking arterial branches. The presence of coils enhanced filling of the lumen by collagen.
Cost-effectiveness of a home-based environmental intervention for inner-city children with asthma
Authors: Meyer Kattan, Sally C. Stearns, Ellen F. Crain, James W. Stout, Peter J. Gergen, Richard Evans, Cynthia M. Visness, Rebecca S. Gruchalla, Wayne J. Morgan, George T. O'Connor, J. Patrick Mastin, Herman E. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Versus Sitagliptin After 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-5). Diabetes Care 2014;37:2149–2158
Authors: Michael Nauck, Ruth S. Weinstock, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Bruno Guerci, Zachary Skrivanek, Zvonko Milicevic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

In the print version of the article listed above, there is an error in four references cited in the CONCLUSIONS section.On page 2156, references 3 and 4 should be listed as 5 and 6 in the sentences "Greater improvements in glycemic control with dulaglutide were also evident in the significantly higher percentage of patients who achieved HbA 1c targets of ,7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and #6.5% (48 mmol/mol) than with sitagliptin.In addition, the results of this trial showed that the difference in glucose-lowering effects between dulaglutide and sitagliptin was sustained over a longer period of time (i.e., 52 weeks) compared with previously published trials that compared sitagliptin to a GLP-1 receptor agonist for up to 26 weeks (3,4)."On page 2156, references 5 and 6 should be listed as reference 7 in the sentence "Dulaglutidetreated patients achieved an early improvement (after 2 weeks) in fasting glucose consistent with the reported pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug (5,6)."The online version reflects these changes.
The Therapist Variable
Authors: RICHARD I. SHADER, LESTER GRINSPOON, JEROLD S. HARMATZ, JACK R. EWALT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Therapists who participated in previous active drug-placebo studies of chronic and acute schizophrenics were rated on the Whitehorn-Betz A-B scale. The ratings were then related to treatment outcome. Patients who had been treated with phenothiazines and by Type A (verbal-intellectual) therapists improved more than those treated with placebo and by Type B (practical-mechanical) therapists, although the results were not statistically significant. The authors stress the importance of further research in this area.
Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by topical aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
Authors: None STABLES, None STRINGER, None ROBINSON, None ASH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) is an intraepithelial carcinoma in situ affecting the mucosal surfaces of the penis, with a significant risk of invasion and metastasis. Treatment is often difficult and is associated with significant recurrence rates. Topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitizer precursor and visible light to produce a photodynamic effect. It has been used successfully to treat benign, premalignant and malignant skin diseases. We present four patients with EQ who have been treated by topical ALA PDT. Of two patients with limited disease one has achieved a long‐term complete response (36 months) and the other developed a recurrence at 18 months after a complete response. Two further patients with more extensive disease achieved a significant improvement, allowing easier treatment by laser vaporization. Although topical ALA PDT offers the advantages of tumour specificity, preservation of function and a good cosmetic result, more extensive EQ appears less responsive to this new therapeutic modality using current treatment parameters.
Culture and Immunological Detection of &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Tropheryma whippelii&lt;/EMPH&gt; From the Duodenum of a Patient With Whipple Disease
Authors: Didier Raoult
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextCulture of Tropheryma whippelii has been established only once, in human fibroblast cell lines from a heart valve inoculum. Molecular-based diagnostic techniques, although highly sensitive, may be less specific. New diagnostic tools involving isolation of bacteria from contaminated intestinal biopsies and immunohistological detection need to be developed.ObjectiveTo describe a novel method for detection and culture of T whippelii strains.Design, Setting, and SubjectsLaboratory analysis of duodenal biopsy specimens from a patient with typical relapsing Whipple disease with intestinal involvement, performed Marseille, France, in March 2000. Biopsy specimens were decontaminated with antimicrobial agents and inoculated onto cell cultures. Mouse anti–T whippelii polyclonal antibodies were used to detect T whippelii in fixed specimens taken from the patient before and after relapse, compared with specimens from 10 controls. The genotype of the isolate was determined by amplification and sequencing of 2 DNA fragments (ITS and 23S rRNA).Main Outcome MeasureIsolation and genotyping of a new strain(s) of T whippelii from the case patient's biopsy specimens.ResultsA strain was grown from the case patient's intestinal specimen that has a genotype different from the first strain isolated. During 2 episodes of Whipple disease, T whippelii bacteria were detected by immunochemistry in the patient's duodenal biopsy specimens, but not in controls.ConclusionsA second strain of T whippelii has been isolated and a protocol for isolation from the intestine has been proven to be efficient. Immunodetection of T whippelii in intestinal biopsy specimens may provide a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Whipple disease. Both techniques need further evaluation and confirmation.
EPITHELIOMA AND THE CHRONIC VARICOSE ULCER
Authors: LEILA CHARLTON KNOX
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In recent years, carcinoma of the extremities has found only a small place in the English surgical literature. This is partially explained by the fact that it is often seen in persons generally otherwise incapacitated, that its diagnosis can frequently be made by inspection, and that it generally necessitates a mutilating operation for its cure. All these facts apply especially to malignant changes that take place in chronic varicose ulcers, and from the surgical standpoint they are, indeed, mere curiosities. Viewed from the standpoint of the cancer research worker, this material assumes an interest of a large human experiment carried out for years on large numbers of persons with only the very infrequent result that a carcinoma appear; and so unusual is it that one hesitates to consider it as a result of the ulceration. The epitheliomas, more frequently than other types of malignant disease, seem to be incited to
POOR QUALITY ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS NEGATIVELY AFFECT THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Salman Allana, Jon Aversa, Cherian Varghese, Michael Babcock, Jagroop Basraon, Kurt Jacobson, Zhanhai Li, Yingqi Zhao, Amish Raval
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
MODIFICATION OF THE CONNELL SUTURE.
Authors: RAYMOND CUSTER TURCK
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Any method of intestinal anastomosis to be of value must, or should, combine, first, an absolute insurance from primary leakage of bowel contents; second, per manent strength of intestinal union; third, preservation of bowel lumen without creation of diaphragm; fourth, simplicity and rapidity of insertion. The fourth condition, however, is of relatively minor importance. At the Post-Graduate Laboratory of Anatomy and Operative Surgery there have been performed by the faculty and students, during the past three years, over 2,000 intestinal operations on living dogs, the results of which have been more or less carefully noted. In the course of this series practically all known procedures for the suture or anastomosis of all portions of the gastro-intestinal tract have been worked out, and their advantages and disadvantages demonstrated. It is not out of the way to state here that work on the dog is a much more severe test of
Peyer's patch is the essential site in initiating murine acute and lethal graft-versus-host reaction
Authors: Masako Murai, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Taichi Ezaki, Makoto Suematsu, Yuya Terashima, Akihisa Harada, Hiromasa Hamada, Hitoshi Asakura, Hiromichi Ishikawa, Kouji Matsushima
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Biosynthesis of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin*
Authors: ROBERT O. HUSSA
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1980)

HUMAN chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone normally secreted by trophoblastic cells of the placenta during pregnancy. Trophoblastic tumors and some nontrophoblastic tumors also secrete hCG and/or its α- or β-subunit. This review emphasizes a number of aspects, some controversial, of hCG biosynthesis and secretion that have received intense investigation in recent years. Many of the studies have utilized hCG-secreting malignant cell lines derived from trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors. The prohormone mechanism for hCG biosynthesis has lost favor in light of recent molecular biological studies which demonstrate that the α- and β-subunits are synthesized separately. The nascent α- and β-subunits of hCG are glycosylated by en bloc attachment of high-mannose complex-type oligosaccharides to two asparagine residues of each subunit. After excess mannose and glucose residues are trimmed from the intermediates, peripheral monosaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid) are attached sequentially to complete the oligosaccharide structures. The α- and β-subunits combine in a two-step reaction. Morphological and biochemical evidence suggest that the plasma membrane may play a major role in hCG secretion, in contrast to the pathway involving exocytosis and secretory granules that operates in other endocrine tissues. In trophoblastic tissues, hCG synthesis and secretion are stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and by inhibitors of DNA synthesis, perhaps by different mechanisms. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP has a significantly lesser stimulatory effect on hCGsecreting nontrophoblastic cell lines, many of which are preferentially stimulated by butyrate instead. It is possible that trophoblastic hCG secretion may be regulated differently than nontrophoblastic hCG secretion. A placental gonadotropin releasing factor (possibly mediated by cyclic AMP) may be the primary physiological stimulus for placental hCG secretion, although results to date are still inconclusive. The production of hCG-like substances by normal tissues may represent derepression phenomena or eutopic hormone secretion by undifferentiated stem cells. Some bacteria also produce an hCGlike substance, perhaps as a consequence of in vivo DNA recombination. In some cases, the apparent hCG-like activity is a result of serine protease activity. Future trends in research on hCG biosynthesis are also discussed.
"DEVIL'S GRIP"
Authors: Thomas F. Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note inThe Journal, September 8, an article entitled "An Epidemic of Mild Fever of Unknown Origin." Apparently it is to all intents and purposes the same disease that I described inThe Journal, May 28, 1921, under the title of "An Unusual Pain Syndrome Associated with the Present Wave of Influenza." Neither of us is correct, because we describe a symptom; yet it seems that the two articles should be coupled for future research.
Research samples from families with genetic diseases: a proposed code of conduct.
Authors: P S Harper
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Research on samples from families with genetic disease underlies many of the major advances that are occurring in medical genetics. But ethical and practical problems may arise when samples from relatives who are healthy but at risk are included in such studies. In particular, new molecular tests for specific gene mutations may result in the detection of a genetic defect in relatives who had neither expected this possibility nor given specific consent to such testing. Family members at risk should not be included in such studies unless strictly necessary, and in such cases specific consent should be obtained and information should be given about the implications of an abnormal result of a test. This is particularly important when stored samples from previous studies without such implications are being reused and is also relevant to the genetic testing of samples taken primarily for epidemiological studies of disorders when only a small proportion of cases is thought to be genetic in origin. There is a need for guidelines to protect both subjects and investigators in a field which is spreading rapidly and involving many clinical and laboratory research workers previously unfamiliar with genetic testing.
More on Antitrypsin Activity in Lung Disease
Authors: JACK LIEBERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 March 1970More on Antitrypsin Activity in Lung DiseaseJACK LIEBERMAN, M.D., CHARLES MITTMAN, M.D.JACK LIEBERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHARLES MITTMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-437_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Welch and associates (Ann Intern Med71:533-542, 1969) present data that suggest to them that individuals with intermediate levels of antitrypsin activity (heterozygotes) are not predisposed to develop pulmonary disease, unlike those with the homozygous deficiency. Their arguments, which are based upon statistical and clinical observations, must be questioned. First, the small number of heterozygotes discovered in their normal control population does not allow for a reliable statistical comparison with the number found in the pulmonary disease group. Secondly, their paper does not state the actual number of emphysema patients in their heterogeneous chest disease group, although...References1. LIEBERMAN J: Heterozygous and homozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with pulmonary emphysema. New Eng J Med 281:279-284, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FALLAT R: Chronic obstructive lung disease associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (abstract). Clin Res 17:165, 1969 Google Scholar3. KUEPPERSFALLATLARSON FRR: Obstructive lung disease and alpha1-antitrypsin heterozygosity. Science 165:899-900, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KUEPPERS F: Genetically determined differences in the response of alpha1-antitrypsin levels in human serum to typhoid vaccine. Human Genetics 6:207-214, 1968 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. FALLATPOWELL RM: Regional pulmonary ventilation evaluation in normals and subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (abstract). Society of Nuclear Medicine Meeting, 19 September 1969, Los Angeles, Calif. Google Scholar6. FAGEROLLAURELL MC: Polymorphisms of prealbumins and alpha1-antitrypsin in human sera. Clinica Chemica Acta 16:199-203, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Respiratory Disease Department City of Hope Medical Center 1500 E. Duarte Road Duarte, Calif. 91010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAlpha-1-AntitrypsinInhibitors of Blood-Clotting Mechanisms 1 March 1970Volume 72, Issue 3Page: 437-439KeywordsEmphysemaLungsPulmonary diseasesThorax Issue Published: 1 March 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
High calcium diet down-regulates kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme in experimental renal failure
Authors: Ilkka Pörsti, Meng Fan, Peeter Kööbi, Pasi Jolma, Jarkko Kalliovalkama, Tuija I. Vehmas, Heikki Helin, Harry Holthöfer, Eero Mervaala, Tuulikki Nyman, Ilkka Tikkanen
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Implication for photosensitive patients of ultraviolet A exposure in vehicles
Authors: P.J. Hampton, P.M. Farr, B.L. Diffey, J.J. Lloyd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Photosensitive patients sometimes report disease flares during journeys by car. Window glass blocks all UVB but not all UVA. All car windscreens are made from laminated glass. Side and rear windows are usually made of nonlaminated glass.To determine which types of glass provide most protection from UVA with particular reference to the implications for patients with polymorphic light eruption (PLE).The percentage transmission of UVA was determined for a selection of glass, both laminated and nonlaminated, and with differing colour tints.Laminated glass transmits less UVA than nonlaminated glass. Tinted glass transmits less UVA than clear glass. Nonlaminated clear glass transmitted the highest percentage of UVA (62.8%) and grey laminated glass the lowest (0.9%). A dose of 5 J cm(-2) UVA, enough to trigger PLE in some patients, could be transmitted through clear nonlaminated glass in 30 min but would take 50 h through grey laminated glass.Patients with severe UVA-induced PLE and other photosensitivity disorders may have disease flares from solar UVA transmission through side-window glass. Protective measures such as wearing long-sleeved clothing, keeping the arm beneath the bottom of the window aperture, or choosing tinted and laminated car windows may be helpful.
Anorchia. A variety of the "empty scrotum"
Authors: H. D. Kolodny
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 19-year-old boy, referred for treatment of "bilateral undescended testicles," was found to have congenital anorchia. Conditions other than cryptorchidism may mimic this anomaly. These include severe virilization of a female child, idiopathic pseudohermaphorditism, true hermaphroditism, and the male counterpart of Turner's syndrome. A method of evaluating the "empty scrotum" is proposed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of anorchia. The goal is to prevent progressive eunuchoidism and the stigmata of sexual infantilism. Unlike most anorchid patients, the one reported here had normal body measurements and bone age. He also had relatively high levels of urinary total neutral 17-ketosteroids. Increased production of androgen precursors by the adrenal cortex may have prevented eunuchoidism without stimulating secondary sexual development.
Secular Changes in the Age-Specific Prevalence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults: 1988–2010
Authors: Yiling J. Cheng, Giuseppina Imperatore, Linda S. Geiss, Jing Wang, Sharon H. Saydah, Catherine C. Cowie, Edward W. Gregg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To examine the age-specific changes of prevalence of diabetes among U.S. adults during the past 2 decades. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 22,586 adults sampled in three periods of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010). Diabetes was defined as having self-reported diagnosed diabetes or having a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). RESULTS The number of adults with diabetes increased by 75% from 1988–1994 to 2005–2010. After adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and education level, the prevalence of diabetes increased over the two decades across all age-groups. Younger adults (20–34 years of age) had the lowest absolute increase in diabetes prevalence of 1.0%, followed by middle-aged adults (35–64) at 2.7% and older adults (≥65) at 10.0% (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). Comparing 2005–2010 with 1988–1994, the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) by age-group were 2.3, 1.3, and 1.5 for younger, middle-aged, and older adults, respectively (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), or waist circumference (WC), the adjusted PR remained statistically significant only for adults ≥65 years of age. CONCLUSIONS During the past two decades, the prevalence of diabetes increased across all age-groups, but adults ≥65 years of age experienced the largest increase in absolute change. Obesity, as measured by BMI, WHtR, or WC, was strongly associated with the increase in diabetes prevalence, especially in adults &amp;lt;65.
Influence of newly synthesized cholesterol on bile acid synthesis during chronic inhibition of bile acid absorption
Authors: Marco Bertolotti, Lisa Zambianchi, Lucia Carulli, Maria Sole Simonini, Marina Del Puppo, Marzia Galli Kienle, Paola Loria, Adriano Pinetti, Nicola Carulli
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The effects of newly synthesized cholesterol availability on bile acid synthesis are largely unknown, particularly in humans. The present study was aimed to study the changes induced on bile acid synthesis by simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, during pharmacologic interruption of the enterohepatic circulation. Six patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were studied in basal conditions, after treatment with the bile acid binding resin cholestyramine alone (8-16 g/d for 6-8 weeks) and subsequently in combination with simvastatin (40 mg/d for 6-8 weeks). Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylation rate, a measure of total bile acid synthesis, was assayed in vivo by tritium release analysis. Serum lathosterol levels were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a measure of cholesterol synthesis. Serum total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were reduced significantly after cholestyramine (by 26% and 30%, respectively) and during combined treatment (by 47% and 55%). 7alpha-hydroxylation rates increased nearly 4-fold with cholestyramine alone; addition of simvastatin induced a significant decrease of hydroxylation rates (cholestyramine alone, 1,591 +/- 183 mg/d; plus simvastatin, 1,098 +/- 232 mg/d; mean +/- SEM; P <.05). Hydroxylation rates significantly correlated with serum lathosterol/cholesterol ratio (r = 0.79, P <.05). In conclusion, in conditions of chronic stimulation bile acid synthesis may be affected by changes in newly synthesized cholesterol availability. The finding might relate to the degree of substrate saturation of microsomal cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase; alternatively, newly synthesized cholesterol might induce a stimulatory effect on cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase transcription.