tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression and Bone Metabolism
Authors: Lana J. Williams, Julie A. Pasco, Felice N. Jacka, Margaret J. Henry, Seetal Dodd, Michael Berk
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; There are data to suggest low bone mineral density is disproportionately prevalent among those with psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to review the current evidence on the relationship between depression and bone mineral density, and identify potential mechanisms. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Relevant sources were identified from the Pubmed and Web of Science (ISI) databases from the first relevant publication in 1994 to the present, 2007, using a combination of key words and terms including depression, major depressive disorder, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, cytokines, leptin, antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet. Reference lists of chosen articles were further reviewed for associated publications. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The possible association between psychiatric illness, in particular depression, and osteoporosis has been the subject of a growing body of research yielding various findings, although most identify some effect on bone. In addition to medication-related processes and/or modifiable lifestyle factors associated with mood disturbances, endocrine and immune alteration secondary to depression may play a pathogenetic role in bone metabolism. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Additional longitudinal studies, with the advantage of temporal sequencing, remain to be conducted, as well as research into potential mechanisms surrounding the association. Nevertheless, the current findings are of clinical relevance, given the health burden of both depression and osteoporosis.
Dithranol mediates pro-oxidative inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration and lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: R. ANDERSON, P.T. LUKEY, U. DIPPENAAR, H.A. EFTYCHIS, G.H. FINDLAY, M.W. WOOTEN, A.E. NEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Dithranol mediates pro‐oxidative inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration and lymphocyte proliferation Get access R. ANDERSON, R. ANDERSON Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria Dr R. Anderson, Institute for Pathology, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria ooo1, Republic of South Africa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.T. LUKEY, P.T. LUKEY Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. DIPPENAAR, U. DIPPENAAR Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.A. EFTYCHIS, H.A. EFTYCHIS Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.H. FINDLAY, G.H. FINDLAY Medical Research Council Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. WOOTEN, M.W. WOOTEN Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.E. NEL A.E. NEL Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 4, 1 October 1987, Pages 405–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04920.x Published: 01 October 1987
Resistance of MLL–AFF1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia to tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by S100A6 upregulation
Authors: H Tamai, K Miyake, H Yamaguchi, M Takatori, K Dan, K Inokuchi, T Shimada
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-AFF1 (MLL-AF4)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with poor prognosis, even after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The resistance to graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects may be responsible for the poor effect of allo-HSCT on MLL-AFF1-positive ALL. Cytotoxic effector mechanisms mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was reported to contribute to the GVL effect. We showed that MLL-AFF1-positive ALL cell lines are resistant to TNF-α. To examine the mechanism of resistance to TNF-α of MLL-AFF1-positive leukemia, we focused on S100A6 as a possible factor. Upregulation of S100A6 expression and inhibition of the p53-caspase 8-caspase 3 pathway were observed only in MLL-AFF1-positive ALL cell lines in the presence of TNF-α. The effect of S100A6 on resistance to TNF-α by inhibition of the p53-caspase 8-caspase 3 pathway of MLL-AFF1-positive ALL cell lines were also confirmed by analysis using small interfering RNA against S100A6. This pathway was also confirmed in previously established MLL-AFF1 transgenic mice. These results suggest that MLL-AFF1-positive ALL escapes from TNF-α-mediated apoptosis by upregulation of S100A6 expression, followed by interfering with p53-caspase 8-caspase 3 pathway. These results suggest that S100A6 may be a promising therapeutic target for MLL-AFF1-positive ALL in combination with allo-HSCT.
Comparison of Zinc Finger Nucleases for Use in Gene Targeting in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Shondra M Pruett-Miller, Jon P Connelly, Morgan L Maeder, J Keith Joung, Matthew H Porteus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Homologous recombination is a technique used for performing precise genomic manipulations, and this makes it potentially ideal for gene therapy. The rate of spontaneous homologous recombination in human cells has been too low to be used experimentally or therapeutically but, by inducing a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in the target gene this rate can be stimulated. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are synthetic fusion proteins that can induce DSBs at specific sequences of DNA and stimulate gene targeting. Although the success of ZFNs in this application has been demonstrated, several issues remain. First, an optimal, generalized method of making effective and safe ZFNs needs to be determined. Second, a systematic method of evaluating the efficiency and safety of ZFNs is needed. We compared the gene-targeting efficiencies and cytotoxicity of ZFNs made using modular-assembly and ZFNs made using a bacterial 2-hybrid (B2H) selection-based method, in each case targeting the same single site. We found that a ZFN pair made using the B2H strategy is more efficient at stimulating gene targeting and less toxic than a pair made using modular-assembly. We demonstrate that a pair of three-finger B2H ZFNs is as efficient at stimulating gene targeting as ZFNs with more fingers, and induce similar or lower rates of toxicity. Homologous recombination is a technique used for performing precise genomic manipulations, and this makes it potentially ideal for gene therapy. The rate of spontaneous homologous recombination in human cells has been too low to be used experimentally or therapeutically but, by inducing a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in the target gene this rate can be stimulated. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are synthetic fusion proteins that can induce DSBs at specific sequences of DNA and stimulate gene targeting. Although the success of ZFNs in this application has been demonstrated, several issues remain. First, an optimal, generalized method of making effective and safe ZFNs needs to be determined. Second, a systematic method of evaluating the efficiency and safety of ZFNs is needed. We compared the gene-targeting efficiencies and cytotoxicity of ZFNs made using modular-assembly and ZFNs made using a bacterial 2-hybrid (B2H) selection-based method, in each case targeting the same single site. We found that a ZFN pair made using the B2H strategy is more efficient at stimulating gene targeting and less toxic than a pair made using modular-assembly. We demonstrate that a pair of three-finger B2H ZFNs is as efficient at stimulating gene targeting as ZFNs with more fingers, and induce similar or lower rates of toxicity.
A sanatorium in a world of its own
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I was about 11 years old when I saw my first case of Pott’s disease of the spine. My best friend of the time, who was paraplegic from polio, had been admitted to an orthopaedic hospital for an operation. It was a fine summer, and a young man, about six years older than we, was left out in the sunshine in his bed every day, his lower trunk encased in a plaster cast. The sun’s rays were deemed complementary to the drugs and immobility that were to cure him.

Much later in my career I saw many cases of Pott’s, in a far distant land where the patients came to us only after all the …
Gender-Role Change in Intersexed Patients
Authors: Robert J. Stoller
Journal: JAMA (1964)

MONEY AND THE HAMPSONS<sup>1</sup>have held that a child's gender identity is fixed very early in life and that attempts to change this beyond two to three years of age carry great risk. However, several recent papers,<sup>2-8</sup>in refutation of Money et al's stand, cite cases in which intersexed patients (child or adult) are shifted from one gender to the other with relative ease and success. Even ignoring that follow-up studies were not conducted in depth, it must be granted that adjustment in many of these cases seemed at least adequate, if not excellent, and it would appear that fundamental shifts in personality are easily attainable. The increasing number of such reports cannot be ignored. If the observations are correct, how are they to be explained? It may be that the findings of psychoanalysts in the last 60 years are wrong and that the earliest years of
Nasal Congestion Worsens Sleep Disturbance and Psychological Wellness in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Rosa Munoz-Cano, Vanesa Gonzalez, Maria Rueda, Joaquim Mullol, M. Herdman, Jaime Sanchez-Lopez, Joan Bartra, Antonio Valero
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Prebiotics in infant formula
Authors: Yvan Vandenplas, Elisabeth De Greef, Gigi Veereman
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The gastrointestinal microbiota of breast-fed babies differ from classic standard formula fed infants. While mother's milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and contains small amounts of probiotics, standard infant formula doesn't. Different prebiotic oligosaccharides are added to infant formula: galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose, and mixtures of these. There is evidence that addition of prebiotics in infant formula alters the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota resembling that of breastfed infants. They are added to infant formula because of their presence in breast milk. Infants on these supplemented formula have a lower stool pH, a better stool consistency and frequency and a higher concentration of bifidobacteria in their intestine compared to infants on a non-supplemented standard formula. Since most studies suggest a trend for beneficial clinical effects, and since these ingredients are very safe, prebiotics bring infant formula one step closer to breastmilk, the golden standard. However, despite the fact that adverse events are rare, the evidence on prebiotics of a significant health benefit throughout the alteration of the gut microbiota is limited.
Comparison of Metabolic Pathways between Cancer Cells and Stromal Cells in Colorectal Carcinomas: a Metabolic Survival Role for Tumor-Associated Stroma
Authors: Michael I. Koukourakis, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Adrian L. Harris, Efthimios Sivridis
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Understanding tumor metabolism is important for the development of anticancer therapies. Immunohistochemical evaluation of colorectal adenocarcinomas showed that cancer cells share common enzyme/transporter activities suggestive of an anaerobic metabolism [high lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5)/hypoxia-inducible factor αs (HIFαs)] with high ability for glucose absorption and lactate extrusion [high glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)/monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1)]. The tumor-associated fibroblasts expressed proteins involved in lactate absorption (high MCT1/MCT2), lactate oxidation (high LDH1 and low HIFαs/LDH5), and reduced glucose absorption (low GLUT1). The expression profile of the tumor-associated endothelium indicated aerobic metabolism (high LDH1 and low HIFαs/LDH5), high glucose absorption (high GLUT1), and resistance to lactate intake (lack of MCT1). It is suggested that the newly formed stroma and vasculature express complementary metabolic pathways, buffering and recycling products of anaerobic metabolism to sustain cancer cell survival. Tumors survive and grow because they are capable of organizing the regional fibroblasts and endothelial cells into a harmoniously collaborating metabolic domain. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 632-7)
The Bracelin Remedy for Diphtheria.
Authors: P. M. Bracelin
Journal: JAMA (1896)

[After all the talk in the newspapers on the subject, and elsewhere, we are sure our readers will gladly know that Dr. Bracelin is still in the ranks of the profession and repudiates the term " secret" as applied to his treatment.]—Ed. Chicago, Ill., June 29, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Diphtheria, one of the most common and the most fatal of all acute infectious diseases from which the human family suffers, has been the<i>bête noire</i>of the medical profession. For years investigators have been studying the disease so as to learn the cause which produces it, and, if possible, to discover a remedy which would remove the cause or modify or neutralize its effects, but without any satisfactory results. At length, after years of patient study and observation, two German scientists discovered that a certain kind of bacteria was invariably to be found in the diphtheritic deposit. They made
Balancing Thrombotic and Bleeding Risks Related to Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Nauder Faraday
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Cluster Analysis of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Assessments in Clinical Islet Cell Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Morihito Takita, Shinichi Matsumoto, Hirofumi Noguchi, Masayuki Shimoda, Daisuke Chujo, Takeshi Itoh, Koji Sugimoto, Jeffery A. SoRelle, Nicholas Onaca, Bashoo Naziruddin, Marlon F. Levy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Cluster analysis was performed on the results of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to discriminate islet graft function after islet cell transplantation (ICT) in patients with type 1 diabetes.Eleven islet recipients were included in this study. The patients visited our clinic monthly after ICT and provided blood samples for fasting C-peptide (n = 270), which were used to evaluate islet graft function. They also provided their SMBG data through an automatic data collection system. The SMBG data for 3 days immediately before each clinic visit were evaluated using the following assessments: M value, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, J index, index of glycemic control, average daily risk range, and glycemic risk assessment diabetes equation. The cluster analysis was performed for both SMBG assessments and samples. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the clusters of SMBG for assessing islet graft function.Analysis for SMBG assessments revealed five types of clusters, which showed similar patterns according to functional or dysfunctional islet graft phase. Two clusters, the euglycemia cluster (P < 0.001) and the hypoglycemia cluster (P = 0.001), were significant factors in the logistic model for islet graft function. The SMBG clusters had significant correlations with clinical graft indexes (P < 0.001).Cluster analysis of SMBG data as part of an automated data quality system could allow discrimination of islet graft dysfunction after ICT. This approach should be considered for islet recipients.
SUBCUTANEOUS INJURIES OF SOFT PARTS.
Authors: JOHN EDDY LUCKEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>CONTUSIONS.</h3> Contusions are surgical injuries—other than fractures or wounds proper—in which the skin is not broken. The producing force is usually blunt. Most wounds are more or less complicated by contusion. It may involve the skin alone, or any of the subcutaneous structures as muscles, nerves, viscus or bone. There is always present some degree of vascular rupture. A contusion may be defined as a hidden wound modified by the nature of its surrounding parts. Simple contusions are more apt to be found where there is a plentiful supply of fat or muscle interposed between the bony frame-work and the vulnerating force, upon the character of which the nature of the injury largely depends. <h3>Symptomatology.</h3> —The pain which follows is not always proportionate to the injury. There is usually some degree of numbness, followed by marked aching or throbbing during the inflammatory stage, accompanied to a greater or less degree
Chapman H. Binford, MD
Authors: William D. Dolan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunologic Aspects of Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Burton Zweiman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE NERVOUS system has traditionally been considered to be an "immunologically privileged" site that is shielded by functional or anatomic barriers from systemic immune responses.<sup>1</sup>However, several lines of experimental and clinical evidence suggest that immune responses can affect and even take place within the nervous system. For example, most of the immunoglobulins (Igs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are secreted within the neuraxis. This may involve more ready trafficking of immunocompetent cells into the nervous system than previously suspected. Some nervous system and lymphoid cells may express similar receptors for certain agonists and/or cross-reacting cell surface determinants. These events may be suggested by immunologic findings in the clinical disorders described later herein. <h3>IDIOPATHIC POLYNEURITIS (GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME) Clinical Features</h3> Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized pathologically by cellular infiltration of the peripheral nervous system with lymphocytes and macrophages and by destruction of myelin.<sup>2</sup>It is characterized clinically by subacute
Monoclonal ant-idiotypic antibodies reactive with a highly conserved determinant on A/J serum anti-para-azophenylarsonate antibodies.
Authors: M J Nelles, L A Gill-Pazaris, A Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Previous reports have shown the A/J anti-para-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies that share a major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) comprise a family of closely related but nonidentical molecules. Serological studies with CRI+ monoclonal anti-Ar antibodies have suggested the presence of a conserved idiotypic determinant within the family. The present study utilized monoclonal ant-idiotypic determinant within the family. The present study utilized monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to define further the nature of the conserved idiotypic determinant. It was found that 8 of 10 CRI+ monoclonal antibodies possess an idiotypic determinant reactive with each of three monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. In addition, approximately 60% of CRI+ serum anti-Ar antibodies reacted with one of the monoclonal anti-idiotypic preparations. The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies react with an idiotope in the region of the hapten-binding site, as indicated by the ability of free haptens to inhibit idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions. Finally, two of three monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies suppressed the subsequent production of CRE+ serum anti-Ar antibodies when administered before antigen, without significantly affecting the total anti-Ar response.
'Basic benefits' have many variations, tend to become political issues
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal