tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Robert R. Henry, Julio Rosenstock, Steven Edelman, Sunder Mudaliar, Alexandros-Georgios Chalamandaris, Sreeneeranj Kasichayanula, Allyson Bogle, Nayyar Iqbal, James List, Steven C. Griffen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Insulin adjustments to maintain glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes often lead to wide glucose fluctuations, hypoglycemia, and increased body weight. Dapagliflozin, an insulin-independent sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, increases glucosuria and reduces hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to assess short-term safety of dapagliflozin in combination with insulin; secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-week, dose-ranging, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study randomly assigned 70 adults with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7–10%), who were receiving treatment with stable doses of insulin, to one of four dapagliflozin doses (1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg) or placebo. The insulin dose was not proactively reduced at randomization but could be adjusted for safety reasons. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (88.6%) completed the study. Any hypoglycemia was common across all treatments (60.0–92.3%); one major event of hypoglycemia occurred with dapagliflozin 10 mg. No diabetic ketoacidosis occurred. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucosuria increased by 88 g/24 h (95% CI 55 to 121) with dapagliflozin 10 mg and decreased by −21.5 g/24 h (95% CI −53.9 to 11.0) with placebo. Changes from baseline with dapagliflozin 10 mg by day 7 were as follows: −2.29 mmol/L (95% CI −3.71 to −0.87 [−41.3 mg/dL; 95% CI −66.9 to −15.7]) for 24-h daily average blood glucose; −3.77 mmol/L (95% CI −6.09 to −1.45 [−63.1 mg/dL; 95% CI −111.5 to −14.8]) for mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; and −16.2% (95% CI −29.4 to −0.5) for mean percent change in total daily insulin dose. Corresponding changes with placebo were as follows: −1.13 mmol/L (95% CI −3.63 to 1.37), −0.45 mmol/L (95% CI −4.98 to 4.08), and 1.7% (95% CI −22.8 to 33.9), respectively. However, for every efficacy parameter, the 95% CIs for all dapagliflozin doses overlapped those for placebo. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study of dapagliflozin in adults with type 1 diabetes demonstrated acceptable short-term tolerability and expected pharmacokinetic profiles and increases in urinary glucose excretion. Within the dapagliflozin groups, dose-related reductions in 24-h glucose, glycemic variability, and insulin dose were suggested, which provide hope that SGLT2 inhibition may prove in larger randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in reducing hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin does not change after allergen bronchoprovocation in allergic asthma
Authors: H Minoguchi
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> The relationship between cough receptor sensitivity and eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in patients with asthma remains unclear. <b>Methods:</b> Eighteen patients with asthma sensitised to house dust mite (HDM) were enrolled in a randomised parallel group study. Patients with asthma whose main symptom was cough were not enrolled in the study. Half the patients were randomly assigned to inhale saline and the other half to inhale HDM allergen. Cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin, airway responsiveness to histamine, and sputum eosinophils analysed with hypertonic saline inhalation were investigated before and 24 hours after saline or HDM allergen bronchoprovocation. <b>Results:</b> Patients inhaling saline showed no significant changes in sputum eosinophils (from 7.87% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.08 to 12.19) to 8.60% (95% CI 3.03 to 14.18); p=0.97), airway responsiveness to histamine (from 726.68 μg/ml (95% CI 251.90 to 2096.36) to 773.01 μg/ml (95% CI 251.36 to 2377.23); p=0.96), or capsaicin sensitivity (from 7.23 μM (95% CI 2.45 to 21.31) to 7.24 μM (95% CI 2.46 to 21.31); p=0.96). Early asthmatic response was induced in all patients, and late asthmatic response was observed in six of nine patients inhaling HDM allergen. Although there were significant increases in sputum eosinophils (from 9.83% (95% CI 6.78 to 14.27) to 21.00% (95% CI 13.85 to 28.15); p&lt;0.01) and airway responsiveness to histamine (from 784.16 μg/ml (95% CI 318.24 to 1932.24) to 377.81 μg/ml (95% CI 118.43 to 1205.24); p&lt;0.05) 24 hours after HDM allergen inhalation compared with baseline levels, capsaicin sensitivity did not change significantly (from 5.75 μM (95% CI 1.91 to 17.30) to 6.20 μM (95% CI 2.21 to 17.38); p=0.77). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin is not associated with eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in patients with allergic asthma whose main symptoms are wheezing and dyspnoea but not cough.
Alcohol. The Other Side.
Authors: W. P. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1891)

InThe Journalof November 28, Dr. Chenery, of Boston, tells what he knows about alcohol, and the article shows that he is well posted on the subject, but I am persuaded from its perusal that the Doctor has entirely ignored the good alcohol will do in disease. His aim in writing the article was to show how much evil it would do, and this way of writing up an article is not right. Nearly all writers, it does not matter on what subject they are writing, have a point to make, and to do this they sum up all the testimony they can get to make their point, but they rarely say anything that would likely destroy the force of their argumeut. Dr. Chenery admits that alcohol is an anæsthetic, but for fear some one will use it for that effect he immediately tells us that ether and chloroform,
ANAPHYLAXIS WITH THE TYPE-SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. The type-specific carbohydrates (haptens) of Pneumococcus Types I, II and III, when isolated in protein-free form, are devoid of the property of inducing active anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs. 2. The bacterial carbohydrates of Pneumococcus, of which the Type II and Type III substances are nitrogen-free, produce rapid and fatal anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with the precipitating serum of rabbits immunized with pneumococci of the homologous type; the reactions induced are type-specific. 3. In contrast to the positive results with immune rabbit serum, there is a complete absence of anaphylactic response to pneumococcus carbohydrate in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antipneumococcus horse serum.
Impaired Olfactory Identification in Relatives of Patients With Familial Schizophrenia
Authors: Lili C. Kopala, Kimberley P. Good, Kathy Morrison, Anne S. Bassett, Martin Alda, William G. Honer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Impaired olfactory identification ability has previously been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia. This study assessed olfactory function in psychotic and nonpsychotic members of multigenerational families with familial schizophrenia to determine whether deficits were present in both groups. METHOD: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was administered birhinally to three groups of subjects aged less than 65 years: 19 psychotic and 27 nonpsychotic members of families with familial schizophrenia and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Nonpsychotic family members had significantly higher mean University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test scores than psychotic family members but were impaired relative to the healthy volunteer group. These group differences could not be accounted for by age, sex, or smoking habit. Fifty-eight percent of the psychotic and 34% of the nonpsychotic family members performed in the microsmic (impaired) range, compared to 9% of the healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired olfactory deficits may aggregate in families with schizophrenia and may be indicative of a genetic predisposition to psychosis.
Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with skin lesions.
Authors: C Kennedy, G K Knowles
Journal: BMJ (1975)

polymyositis may have converted an otherwise trivial infection into the dramatic and alarming episode we witnessed.Secondly, periorbital swelling due to dermatomyositis may have been the predisposing factor, but no other stigmata of this condition and no cause for it could be found.The myositis was not due to the steroid treatment as it varied inversely with steroid dose, and its persistence shows that it was not a "toxic" effect of the acute illness.
Tropical paradox: nutrition in the Caribbean
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The 13 English-speaking Caribbean nations recently reported an epidemic of adult obesity, accompanied by dramatic increases in diabetes and hypertension.  At the same time, these nations—with a population of more than 5 million—continue to be plagued by undernutrition, particularly among children, pointing out how complex the problems of nutrition planning in developing countries can be.  Speaking to the Seventh Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress held recently in Miami Beach, the Honorable Billie Antoinette Miller, Minister of Education of Barbados (and former Minister of Health), explained that this apparent anomaly has come about as the nations moved from poor cane field, or solely agricultural, economies into the relative affluence of light industry and tourism—life-styles requiring lower energy output but encouraging higher caloric intake.  A recent Caribbean nations' health survey showed that one of every 17 persons has a history of diabetes, Miller noted, suggesting that there are probably over 200,000 diabetics in
A policy for laxatives.
Authors: D. N. Bateman, J. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the college of the first advanced trauma life support course to be held in Britain in collaboration with the American College of Surgeons.Political, professional, and public interest in trauma care will be stimulated by this report.A comprehensive system of management must be developed, and its effectiveness measured.This is particularly important for expensive initiatives such as helicopters and trauma centres.When the process has begun we must then go on to question John Hunter's hypothesis.Recent laboratory work suggests that the neuroendocrine responses to injury are not always beneficial.7 Could they be improved by therapeutic intervention?An expenditure of 2% of the medical research budget on trauma research seems insufficient when more years of productive life are lost through injury than through either cancer or cardiovascular disease.Commitment in the hospital must be supported by a commitment in the research estab- lishments to reduce the unnecessary morbidity and mortality of this modern epidemic.
Use of Statins and Gallstone Risk—Reply
Authors: Michael Bodmer
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perforation of the nasal septum in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J. Vachtenheim, J. Grossmann
Journal: BMJ (1969)

JOURlLof the general population have levels of urinary calcium excretion higher than the normal range suggested by Hodgkinson and Pyrah (1958)-100-300 mg./24 hours for males, and 100- 250 mg./24 hours for females (on a normal diet)-and the relation between high urinary excretions of calcium and the formation of calcium-containing stones is not definitely estab- lished.Whether the risks of stone formation ares higher in normocalcaemic hypercalciuric patients wth sarcoidosis is also unknown.However, Sharma et al. (1967) concluded that the natural history of the calcium derangement is dependent on the type of sarcoidosis.In the patients presenting with erythema nodosum or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy the calcium metabolism always reverted to normal.In the group with pul- monary fibrosis the calcium abnormalities persisted.Hyper- calciuria occurring in this latter group might therefore require treatment even in the absence of hypercalcaemia or urinary calculi in order to prevent stone formation.
Psychosocial interventions in cancer
Authors: L. Fallowfield
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Growing awareness of the many psychosocial problems associated with malignant disease and its treatment has led to the development of a myriad of supportive interventions for patients and their families. These interventions range from traditional approaches such as psychotherapy to the less orthodox music therapy and aromatherapy. They may be offered formally or informally by health care professionals or by lay volunteers, including patients themselves. Some psychosocial interventions, such as counselling by specialist nurses in breast cancer units, have been incorporated into the routine care of patients with cancer. Other interventions may be provided outside hospitals by a wide variety of self help groups or national and local cancer support organisations. In addition, private practitioners offer everything from psychotherapy to therapeutic massage on a fee paying basis.

The mere existence of so many different approaches shows that the demand for this form of support is considerable. The question for patients and purchasing authorities is: what impact do these forms of psychosocial intervention have on the wellbeing of patients with cancer? Despite considerable anecdotal evidence attesting to their …
INHERITANCE OF ASTHMA IN FAMILIES AND ITS LINKAGE TO HLA HAPLOTYPES
Authors: Y. WAGATSUMA, H. YAKURA, E. NAKAYAMA, A. WAKISAKA, M. AIZAWA, M. MIYATA, R. MATSUYAMA, M. SATO, K. ITAKURA
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Four families in which asthma occurred in more than three members, and in which there were at least three children, were studied in terms of clinical symptoms, serum IgE levels determined by RIST and RAST, and HLA haplotypes. No association between clinical asthma and serum IgE level was found, but a close association between asthma and a particular HLA haplotype in a family was demonstrated. It was therefore postulated that a disease susceptibility gene closely linked to an HLA gene complex may play a role in the development of asthma.
Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Urinary Human Complement Factor H-Related Protein (BTA stat and BTA TRAK) and Fragments of Cytokeratins 8, 18 (UBC Rapid and UBC IRMA) as Markers for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: M Babjuk, M Koštı́řová, K Mudra, S Pecher, H Smolová, L Pecen, Z Ibrahim, J Dvořáček, L Jarolı́m, J Novák, T Zima
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Effect of dihydroergotamine on +Gz acceleration tolerance
Authors: T. J JENNINGS, J. F SEAWORTH, L. L HOWELL, L. D TRIPP, C. D GOODYEAR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Dihydroergotamine is a potent vasoconstrictor of the venous capacitance vessels and has been shown to decrease blood pooling in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Acceleration acting on the long axis of the body (+Gz) pools blood into the lower body of the subject. Nine healthy men received an injection of 1 mg dihydroergotamine and 1 ml of saline intramuscularly in a randomised, double blind fashion, and had their Gz acceleration tolerances measured. Dihydroergotamine significantly increased Gz tolerance by 0.24G and narrowed the difference between the maximum heart rate during the acceleration epoch and resting baseline by 10%. The drug had no effect on blood pressure and heart rate when the subjects changed from the supine to standing position. The increase in Gz tolerance was not sufficient for operational use.
Prostaglandins Receptors Polymorphisms In Patients With NSAIDs-induced Urticaria
Authors: J.A. Cornejo-Garcia, L.R. Jagemann, I. Doña, N. Blanca-Lopez, J.J. Laguna, J. Fernandez, A. Rosado, S. Terrados, M. Gandolfo, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Radioiodine treatment of multinodular non-toxic goitre.
Authors: B Nygaard, L Hegedus, M Gervil, H Hjalgrim, P Soe-Jensen, J M Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the long term effect of radioactive iodine on thyroid function and size in patients with non-toxic multinodular goitre. DESIGN--Consecutive patients with multinodular non-toxic goitre selected for radioactive iodine treatment and followed for a minimum of 12 months (median 48 months) after an intended dose of 3.7 MBq/g thyroid tissue corrected to a 100% uptake of iodine-131 in 24 hours. PATIENTS--69 patients with a growing multinodular non-toxic goitre causing local compression symptoms or cosmetic inconveniences. The treatment was chosen because of a high operative risk, previous thyroidectomy, or refusal to be operated on. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS--Standard thyroid function variables and ultrasonically determined thyroid volume before treatment as well as 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and then once a year. RESULTS--56 patients were treated with a single dose of 131I, 12 with two doses, and one with four doses. In 45 patients treated with one dose and remaining euthyroid the median thyroid volume was reduced from 73 (interquartile range 50-106) ml to 29 (23-48) ml at 24 months in the 39 patients in whom this was measured during follow up. The median reduction was 40 (22-48) ml (60% reduction, p &lt; 0.0001), half of which occurred within three months. Patients treated with two doses as well as those developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism had a significant reduction in thyroid volume. Eleven patients developed hypothyroidism (cumulative five year risk 22%, 95% confidence interval 4.8% to 38.4%). Side effects were few: three cases of hyperthyroidism and two cases of radiation thyroiditis. Only one patient was dissatisfied with the result; she was referred for operation six months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS--A substantial reduction in thyroid volume accompanied by a low incidence of hypothyroidism and few side effects makes the use of radioactive iodine an attractive alternative to surgery in selected cases of non-toxic multinodular goitre.
Intron Size, Abundance, and Distribution within Untranslated Regions of Genes
Authors: X. Hong, D. G. Scofield, M. Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Most research concerning the evolution of introns has largely considered introns within coding sequences (CDSs), without regard for introns located within untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes. Here, we directly determined intron size, abundance, and distribution in UTRs of genes using full-length cDNA libraries and complete genome sequences for four species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, human, and mouse. Overall intron occupancy (introns/exon kbp) is lower in 5′ UTRs than CDSs, but intron density (intron occupancy in regions containing introns) tends to be higher in 5′ UTRs than in CDSs. Introns in 5′ UTRs are roughly twice as large as introns in CDSs, and there is a sharp drop in intron size at the 5′ UTR-CDS boundary. We propose a mechanistic explanation for the existence of selection for larger intron size in 5′ UTRs, and outline several implications of this hypothesis. We found introns to be randomly distributed within 5′ UTRs, so long as a minimum required exon size was assumed. Introns in 3′ UTRs were much less abundant than in 5′ UTRs. Though this was expected for human and mouse that have intron-dependent nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathways that discourage the presence of introns within the 3′ UTR, it was also true for A. thaliana and D. melanogaster, which may lack intron-dependent NMD. Our findings have several implications for theories of intron evolution and genome evolution in general.
Ultrasound detection of abdominal lymphadenomegaly in subjects with hepatitis C virus infection and persistently normal transaminases: a predictive index of liver histology severity
Authors: Maurizio Soresi, Antonio Carroccio, Giulio Bonfissuto, Vincenzo Agate, Carmela Magliarisi, Federico Aragona, Massimo Levrero, Alberto Notarbartolo, Giuseppe Montalto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Evaluation of mutagenicity testing with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 in three different laboratories.
Authors: W Müller, G Engelhart, B Herbold, R Jäckh, R Jung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldehyde was assessed as weakly mutagenic in only one of three laboratories. The remaining 24 agents were uniformly described as non-genotoxic in TA102. In spite of the overall good qualitative agreement in the mutagenicity results between the three laboratories, some quantitative discrepancies occurred in the dose response of the mutagenic compounds. Varying inter- and intralaboratory differences in the spontaneous rate of revertants were obtained. The usefulness of the tester strain TA102 in routine mutagenicity testing is discussed.