tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life-Threatening Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to a Jejunal Lesion of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: F. Lippl, W. Huber, M. Werner, H. Nekarda, H. Berger, N. Weigert
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The case of a 56-year-old patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and fulminant gastrointestinal bleeding is reported. The patient was admitted to hospital because of palpable purpura on both legs, painful joints and diffuse abdominal pain. Suspected HSP was histologically proven and treated with prednisolone. Despite recovery, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, with melena and a drop in hemoglobin concentration from 11.2 to 4.2 g/dl, occurred 30 days after medication was started. Immediate endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed no signs of bleeding whereas colonoscopy showed fresh blood and blood clots in the terminal ileum and the colon. Since the bleeding source could not be detected endoscopically, mesenteric angiography was performed, demonstrating active bleeding from a jejunal artery. Thereafter the bleeding source was located by intraoperative peroral enteroscopy and treated by resection of a short segment of jejunum.
Collecting and banking human milk: to heat or not to heat?
Authors: B Bjorksten, L G Burman, P De Chateau, B Fredrikzon, L Gothefors, O Hernell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Data on human breast milk and its handling when fed to babies who cannot be breast-fed were reviewed to determine whether the method of processing and storage affected the properties of the milk. Breast milk is normally contaminated by potential pathogens, which seem to produce no ill effects, but it also contains antimicrobial properties which protect against infection. The evidence suggests that pasteurisation not only eliminates pathogenic bacteria but also damages bacteriostatic mechanisms, so making the milk more susceptible to later contamination. Pasteurisation also affects the nutritional properties of milk. Freezing has little effect on milk proteins, while a study on the effect of refrigeration showed that there was little bacterial growth at temperatures below 8 degrees C. Several years9 experience of feeding donated raw milk to newborn infants has confirmed that it produces no ill effects. These findings suggest that pasteurisation of donated breastmilk is unnecessary, and it is not recommended, while the decision whether or not to freeze the milk may be made on practical grounds. Raw breast milk can be safely stored at 4-6 degrees C for 72 hours.
Abstract PR11: Hematopoietic system aging has profound effects on the breast tumor microenvironment and cancer progression
Authors: Timothy Marsh, Irene Wong, Amey Barakat, Yuanbo Qin, Sandra S. McAllister
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The majority of breast neoplasms are diagnosed in patients who are between the ages of 65 and 80. Although tumor growth is generally less aggressive and metastasis is less prevalent in older patients than in younger patients, elderly patients suffer the highest mortality and morbidity associated with breast cancer and breast cancer treatment. The reasons for age-dependent differences in incidence and aggressiveness of breast cancer are not understood. Treatment of breast cancer patients therefore presents age-specific challenges. We recently established mouse and human xenograft breast tumor models that mimic the age dependent disease progression that is observed in breast cancer patients, whereby tumor cells implanted into aged mice had lower incidence and slower growth kinetics than when implanted into young mice. Moreover, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment were significantly less prevalent in the tumors from aged mice than in size-matched tumors from young mice. We discovered that bone marrow derived cells from aged mice were significantly less effective in supporting breast cancer progression than the counterpart cells from young mice. Strikingly, bone marrow derived cells from young mice rescued tumor growth and stromal desmoplasia in aged mice. We are elucidating some of the molecular and phenotypic differences between young and aged tumor-promoting bone marrow cells. For example, we found that bone marrow cells from aged mice express lower levels of the cytokine, granulin, which is known to activate normal mammary fibroblasts in young mice. Our findings indicate that the age of the host hematopoietic system is a powerful determinant of breast tumor progression. Defining functional and molecular differences between tumor supportive hematopoietic cells in young and aged hosts should lay a foundation for further work in this relatively uncharted area of cancer research. Understanding tumor support mechanisms that exist in young and aged hosts should suggest new ideas for preclinical development of age-stratified breast cancer therapies. Citation Format: Timothy Marsh, Irene Wong, Amey Barakat, Yuanbo Qin, Sandra S. McAllister. Hematopoietic system aging has profound effects on the breast tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR11. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-PR11
Host MHC class II+ antigen-presenting cells and CD4 cells are required for CD8-mediated graft-versus-leukemia responses following delayed donor leukocyte infusions
Authors: Ronjon Chakraverty, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jessica Sachs, Jennifer Buchli, Pete Cotter, Richard Hsu, Guiling Zhao, Megan Sykes
Journal: Blood (2006)
High prevalence of infection with hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies
Authors: Pierluigi Toniutto, Mario Pirisi, Carlo Fabris, Paola Bardus, Giorgio Soardo, Daniela Vitulli, Sergio G. Tisminetzky, Paola Pacco, Vinicio Gasparini, Francisco Baralle, Ettore Bartoli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Evaluation of Dr. John Eager Howard's Contributions to Medicine
Authors: Samuel P. Asper
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Most physicians possess a number of attributes in common. They have scientific competence, empathy for the sick, and willingness to spend long hours at their work. Physicians differ widely, however, in degrees of ability, some showing talents in one direction and some in others. Rare indeed is the physician whose intellect, talents, and diligence complement each other in ways to create a life of unique productivity. Such a physician is the Passano Foundation laureate for 1968, John Eager Howard, MD, of Baltimore, professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins and the 28th scientist to receive this distinguished honor. The Passano Award itself is simply recognition by the foundation and by the community that there is one among us whose scientific contributions are meritorious, whose leadership in the profession has been effective, and whose way of life is such that many might wish to emulate it. As notable as this award may
P14 Phenotypic and functional profile of CD4posCD25high regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis/systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome
Authors: M. S. Longhi, Y. Ma, M. Samyn, P. Gordon, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe inflammatory liver disorder characterised by hypergammaglobulinaemia, seropositivity for autoantibodies and interface hepatitis on histology. Though the mechanisms leading to immune-tolerance breakdown have not been fully elucidated, a numerical and functional defect of circulating CD4<sup>pos</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup> regulatory T-cells (T-regs) plays a key role in permitting effector lymphocytes to attack hepatocytes. We have identified a cohort of children with concomitant AIH and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multi-system autoimmune disease in the context of which most studies have reported numerical and functional T-reg impairment. <h3>Aim</h3> To define the phenotypic and functional profile of T-regs in children with AIH and SLE (AIH/SLE). <h3>Method</h3> 9 AIH/SLE patients (8 females; median age: 13.9 years), 16 AIH patients (13 females; median age: 13.3 years) and 9 healthy subjects (HS, 6 females; median age: 34 years) were studied. T-reg phenotype was determined by flow cytometry after cell incubation with anti-CD4, CD25 and CD127 monoclonal antibodies. Frequency of FOXP3<sup>pos</sup> and IFNγ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-9-producing cells was assessed by intracellular staining. T-reg suppressor function was evaluated as reduction of cell proliferation, measured by <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine uptake, in co-culture experiments where CD4<sup>pos</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>neg</sup>T-regs were added to CD25<sup>neg</sup> target cells. <h3>Results</h3> The number of T-regs in AIH/SLE patients (7.06±1.1) tended to be higher than in AIH (4.88±1.1; p=0.1) and was similar to HS (7.03±0.6). While the proportion of FOXP3<sup>pos</sup> cells within T-regs did not differ, that of CD4<sup>pos</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>pos</sup> cells was higher in AIH/SLE (2.4±0.99) than in AIH (0.46±0.2; p=0.019) and HS (0.63±0.3; p=0.05). The frequency of IFNγ-producing cells within T-regs was higher in AIH/SLE (6.75±1.7) than in AIH (4.8±1.9; p=0.019) and HS (3.5±0.82; p=0.05); conversely that of IL-4-producing cells within T-regs was lower in AIH/SLE (0±0) than in AIH (0.86±0.3; p=0.02) and HS (0.9±0.47; p=0.06). The frequency of IL-17 and IL-9-producing cells was negligible and did not differ among the groups. Addition of CD127<sup>neg</sup>T-regs, while decreasing CD25<sup>neg</sup> cell proliferation by 31.6% in HS (p=0.08) and by 12.3% (p=0.056) in AIH, did not affect the proliferation of CD25<sup>neg</sup> cells isolated from AIH/SLE patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Compared to AIH and HS, T-regs from AIH/SLE patients are more activated, are skewed towards a Th1 cytokine profile and are functionally defective. These data suggest that more severe alteration of T-reg phenotype and function may predispose to multiple autoimmune manifestations.
Identification of bacterial antigens in circulating immune complexes of infective endocarditis.
Authors: R D Inman, P B Redecha, S J Knechtle, E S Schned, I van de Rijn, C L Christian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The presence of circulating immune complexes (IC) in patients with infective endocarditis has been well documented but the contributions of host and bacterial components to these IC have not been defined. To study this question, IC were isolated from serum of a patient with Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis by differential polyethylene glycol precipitation and competitive binding to staphylococcal protein A. A rabbit antiserum raised against the purified IC had reactivity by crossed immunoelectrophoresis primarily with an antigen derived from the cytoplasm of the infective organism. The antigen was a protein with a 12,000-dalton molecular mass. In situ radiolabeling of the IC bound to the protein A demonstrated a component of the same molecular mass as the bacterial antigen recognized by the antiserum. The patient serum had multiple antibody specificities reactive with bacterial antigens, including the antigen recognized by the rabbit anti-IC antiserum. These techniques for isolation and characterization of circulating IC may have value in the study of IC diseases in which the inciting antigens are not known.
Ethical Challenges Within Veterans Administration Healthcare Facilities: Perspectives of Managers, Clinicians, Patients, and Ethics Committee Chairpersons
Authors: Mary Beth Foglia, Robert A. Pearlman, Melissa Bottrell, Jane K. Altemose, Ellen Fox
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

To promote ethical practices, healthcare managers must understand the ethical challenges encountered by key stakeholders. To characterize ethical challenges in Veterans Administration (VA) facilities from the perspectives of managers, clinicians, patients, and ethics consultants. We conducted focus groups with patients (n = 32) and managers (n = 38); semi-structured interviews with managers (n = 31), clinicians (n = 55), and ethics committee chairpersons (n = 21). Data were analyzed using content analysis. Managers reported that the greatest ethical challenge was fairly distributing resources across programs and services, whereas clinicians identified the effect of resource constraints on patient care. Ethics committee chairpersons identified end-of-life care as the greatest ethical challenge, whereas patients identified obtaining fair, respectful, and caring treatment. Perspectives on ethical challenges varied depending on the respondent's role. Understanding these differences can help managers take practical steps to address these challenges. Further, ethics committees seemingly, are not addressing the range of ethical challenges within their institutions.
Apico?basal inhomogeneity in distribution of ion channels in canine and human ventricular myocardium
Authors: N SZENTADRASSY, T BANYASZ, T BIRO, G SZABO, B TOTH, J MAGYAR, J LAZAR, A VARRO, L KOVACS, P NANASI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

The aim of the present study was to compare the apico-basal distribution of ion currents and the underlying ion channel proteins in canine and human ventricular myocardium.Ion currents and action potentials were recorded in canine cardiomyocytes, isolated from both apical and basal regions of the heart, using whole-cell voltage clamp techniques. Density of channel proteins in canine and human ventricular myocardium was determined by Western blotting.Action potential duration was shorter and the magnitude of phase-1 repolarization was significantly higher in apical than basal canine myocytes. No differences were observed in other parameters of the action potential or cell capacitance. Amplitude of the transient outward K(+) current (29.6+/-5.7 versus 16.5+/-4.4 pA/pF at +65 mV) and the slow component of the delayed rectifier K(+) current (5.61+/-0.43 versus 2.14+/-0.18 pA/pF at +50 mV) were significantly larger in apical than in basal myocytes. Densities of the inward rectifier K(+) current, rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current, and L-type Ca(2+) current were similar in myocytes of apical and basal origin. Apico-basal differences were found in the expression of only those channel proteins which are involved in mediation of the transient outward K(+) current and the slow delayed rectifier K(+) current: expression of Kv1.4, KChIP2, KvLQT1 and MinK was significantly higher in apical than in basal myocardium in both canine and human hearts.The results suggest that marked apico-basal electrical inhomogeneity exists in the canine-and probably in the human-ventricular myocardium, which may result in increased dispersion, and therefore, cannot be ignored when interpreting ECG recordings, pathological alterations, or drug effects.
Null association between abdominal muscle and calcified atherosclerosis in community-living persons without clinical cardiovascular disease: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Nicole E. Jensky, Matthew A. Allison, Rohit Loomba, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Ian H. de Boer, Matthew J. Budoff, Greg L. Burke, Michael H. Criqui, Joachim H. Ix
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Abstract 288: TGF-beta induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is attenuated when the MNK/eIF4E pathway is functionally impaired.
Authors: Sonia V. del Rincon, Bonnie Huor, Elaine Ngan, Luca Petruccelli, Peter Siegel, Wilson H. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition (EMT) is a process enabling epithelial cells to gain the motile characteristics of mesenchymal cells, in a manner resembling metastasis. TGF-beta, via well-defined transcriptional mechanisms, is considered a master regulator of EMT. However, the idea that TGF-beta can regulate the translational machinery to drive EMT remains largely unexplored. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, has been linked to increased invasiveness, and is a promising target for the treatment of breast cancer. Our hypothesis is that phosphorylation of eIF4E stimulated by TGF-beta is required for inducing EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. Our novel preliminary data show that TGF-beta can stimulate eIF4E phosphorylation as normal mammary epithelial cells become mesenchymal. Silencing of eIF4E attenuates molecular and behavioral changes associated with EMT. Moreover, decreasing eIF4E levels can impair TGF-beta induced migration and invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. In keeping with a role of phosphorylated eIF4E in driving the metastatic phenotype, we show that chemically and genetically inhibiting the eIF4E kinase MNK1 attenuates TGF-beta-stimulated EMT. We hypothesized that the expression of master regulators of EMT could be restricted when the eIF4E/MNK pathway is functionally impaired, which prompted us to look at the expression of Twist and Snail in TGF-beta treated eIF4E- and MNK- silenced cells. Our data shows that TGF-beta-induced Snail protein expression, but not mRNA level, is repressed when the MNK/eIF4E pathway is functionally impaired. Our results indicate that MNK and eIF4E are essential for EMT and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of MNK/eIF4E pathway may be a useful strategy for the control of tumor invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Sonia V. del Rincon, Bonnie Huor, Elaine Ngan, Luca Petruccelli, Peter Siegel, Wilson H. Miller, Jr. TGF-beta induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is attenuated when the MNK/eIF4E pathway is functionally impaired. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-288
Molecular pathophysiologic hints into Niemann-Pick Type C disease using cDNA microarray technology
Authors: D.A. Stephan, D.O. Azorsa, D.J. Duggan, L. Malechek, C. Gooden, M. Bittner, Y. Chen, P.S. Meltzer, J.M. Trent, M.A. Ashlock
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Time to Treat: A System Redesign Focusing on Decreasing the Time from Suspicion of Lung Cancer to Diagnosis
Authors: Dorothy S. Lo, Robert A. Zeldin, Roland Skrastins, Ian M. Fraser, Harold Newman, Alan Monavvari, Yee C. Ung, Harry Joseph, Teresa Downton, Larissa Maxwell, Jacinta Meharchand
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Validation of the in vivo intravascular ultrasound measurement of in-stent neointimal hyperplasia volumes
Authors: Roxana Mehran, Gary S Mintz, Mun K Hong, Fermin O Tio, Orville Bramwell, Abdel Brahimi, Kenneth M Kent, Augusto D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, Jeffrey J Popma, Martin B Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in situs inversus partialis
Authors: C. de la Serna-Higuera, M. Perez-Miranda, G. Flores-Cruz, P. Gil-Simón, A. Caro-Patón
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Situs inversus viscerum is a rare autosomal recessive condition in which the organs are transposed to the opposite side. Two different conditions may be described: situs inversus totalis (with complete transposition of all viscera, abdominal and thoracic) or, more rarely, situs inversus partialis (SIP), with selective affection of one or several viscera [1]. We present the peculiar endoscopic and cholangiographic findings associated with SIP when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in a patient with choledocolithiasis.
384 SIGNIFICANCE OF NUCLEOTIDE MUTATION IN THE ENHANCER 1 AND X-PROMOTOR FROM CHRONIC ADVANCED LIVER DISEASE DUE TO HBV
Authors: H.C. Kim, E.Y. Cho, C.S. Choi, C. Park, H.S. So, H.Y. Lee, B.M. Ahn, S.K. Choi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Are NICE stroke guidelines scientific or political?
Authors: N. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BBC and other media organisations were provided with additional information from the press conference at which the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Royal College of Physicians released their joint press statement on their stroke guidelines.1 The first line was: “Approx 4500 people could be prevented from being disabled through stroke if they were thrombolysed.” This figure is unbelievable, given the Department of Health’s estimate …
Discovery, Identification and Comparative Analysis of Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLtp) Family in Solanaceae
Authors: Wanfei Liu, Dawei Huang, Kan Liu, Songnian Hu, Jun Yu, Gang Gao, Shuhui Song
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLtps) have been reported to be involved in plant defense activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this study, we identified 135 (122 putative and 13 previously identified) Solanaceae nsLtps, which are clustered into 8 different groups. By comparing with Boutrot’s nsLtp classification, we classified these eight groups into five types (I, II, IV, IX and X). We compared Solanaceae nsLtps with Arabidopsis and Gramineae nsLtps and found that (1) Types I, II and IV are shared by Solanaceae, Gramineae and Arabidopsis; (2) Types III, V, VI and VIII are shared by Gramineae and Arabidopsis but not detected in Solanaceae so far; (3) Type VII is only found in Gramineae whereas type IX is present only in Arabidopsis and Solanaceae; (4) Type X is a new type that accounts for 52.59% Solanaceae nsLtps in our data, and has not been reported in any other plant so far. We further built and compared the three-dimensional structures of the eight groups, and found that the major functional diversification within the nsLtp family could be predated to the monocot/dicot divergence, and many gene duplications and sequence variations had happened in the nsLtp family after the monocot/dicot divergence, especially in Solanaceae.
Preservation of venular but not arteriolar smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity during reduced blood flow.
Authors: S M Muldowney, J E Faber
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To compare arteriolar versus venular smooth muscle sensitivity to myogenic and metabolic inhibition during reduced blood pressure and flow, we measured the diameter of first-order venules (diameter, 230 microns) and arterioles (diameter, 156 microns) of the denervated, blood-perfused rat cremaster skeletal muscle that was suspended in a tissue bath. Sensitivity was determined for bath-added norepinephrine in the presence of yohimbine or prazosin to produce alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor constriction, respectively, and for KCl to examine non-receptor-mediated sensitivity. To reduce venular pressure and flow, vasopressin, which constricts cremaster arterioles but not venules, was applied locally at a maximally effective concentration. This arteriolar constriction had no effect on venular sensitivity to alpha 1-adrenoceptor and KCl-mediated constriction. Venular sensitivity (-log M EC50) to alpha 1 and to KCl activation was 6.20 +/- 0.10 and 1.20 +/- 0.04 in the absence and 6.34 +/- 0.09 and 1.30 +/- 0.03 in the presence of arteriolar constriction, respectively. Venular sensitivity to alpha 2 activation was actually greater during arteriolar constriction (6.25 +/- 0.11 in the absence of constriction versus 7.06 +/- 0.13 in the presence of constriction, p less than 0.001). In a second series, the effect of reduced cremaster perfusion pressure and flow on both arteriolar and venular sensitivity was examined by mechanically lowering cremaster inflow. Reduction of first-order arteriolar and venular flow by 82-85% attenuated arteriolar alpha 1 and abolished alpha 2 sensitivity but had no effect on venular adrenergic sensitivity; KCl sensitivity was increased. These data indicate that, in contrast to arteriolar smooth muscle, venular smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity is preserved during reduced pressure and flow and, thus, is little affected by metabolic and myogenic regulation. The selective depressant effect on arteriolar adrenergic but not KCl constriction suggests that myogenic/metabolic inhibition of arterioles is receptor specific.