tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
E-learning course
Authors: Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

I read the recent publication on the e-learning course with a great interest. Hadley et al. concluded that ‘The benefits of an e-learning approach need to be considered when planning EBM curricula as it allows standardization of teaching materials and is a potential cost-effective alternative to standard lecture-based teaching’.1 Indeed, the e-learning course is proved in a recent trial that it can be a good alternative to classical course for postgraduation training.2 However, its usage in undergraduate trainees or internships has to be re-thought. Experience on reality is the issue to be addressed. E-learning might be successful in some subjects but it cannot provide direct experience. Gormley et al. noted that ‘Undergraduate medical students value the use of e-learning in clinical skills education, however they vary in their utilization of such learning environments’.3 Integration strategies of e-learning seem to be the key point for the success of the implementation.4
Rehabilitation of the Narcotic Addict
Authors: Herbert A. Raskin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A RECENT REPORT of the American Medical Association's Council on Mental Health and the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council's Committee on Drug Addiction and Narcotics<sup>1</sup>establishes that physicians have a fundamental legal and ethical responsibility to treat narcotic addiction. It is now generally recognized that addiction to narcotic drugs is a medical syndrome based on an underlying emotional disorder. Adequate medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the persons addicted to a narcotic drug are essential factors in meeting the problem of addiction in the United States. The physician who treats a person addicted to a narcotic drug (opiate) is faced with a complex and multiphasic problem. The addict is suffering from a serious emotional illness, manifesting his disturbance in great part through his craving for, and relationship to, the drug. Various characteristic behavior patterns compound the clinical problem. Drug addiction represents the sole adjustive mechanism to living problems
Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on magnesium metabolism in chronic renal failure.
Authors: J A Kanis, R Smith, R J Walton, M Bartlett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on magnesium metabolism in chronic renal failure Vitamin D derivatives and analogues are increasingly being used to treat bone disease in chronic renal failure but their effects on magnesium metabolism have not been fully documented.The use of 1-oc- hydroxycholecalciferol (1-m-OHDD) in chronic renal failure, however, may be associated with a special risk of magnesium intoxication.'This prompted us to review our own data. Methods and resultsWe studied the external balances of calcium and magnesium2 in two patients with chronic renal failure and renal bone disease (cases 1 and 2; plasma creatinine 480 ,umol/l (5 4 mg/100 ml) and 640 ,umol/l (7-2 mg/100 ml) respectively) before and during treatment with 1-m-OHD3 2 teg/daily by mouth (see figure).Considerable increases in calcium retention during the first four days of treatment in case 1, and after 18 months in case 2 (a renal dwarf who ate little calcium), were unaccompanied by significant changes in magnesium balance. CommentPrevious reports of acute ileus in myxoedema emphasise the inadvisability of surgical intervention.A broad spectrum of reduced on 30 May
THE METABOLISM OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: E. Racker, Herman Kabat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. During paralysis, the brain of the mouse infected with poliomyelitis virus shows on test after mincing a decrease in anaerobic glycolysis with no significant change in oxygen utilization. The decrease in anaerobic glycolysis varies from 5 per cent to 50 per cent. 2. Sodium fluoride produces a greater inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis in normal than in poliomyelitic brain. 3. Dehydrogenase activity is higher for poliomyelitis-infected brain without added substrate. This difference from normal disappears when substrates are added. 4. The ratio of See PDF for Equation for the sliced motor cortex is higher than for sliced visual cortex of the dog and cat. 5. The oxygen consumption of the anterior horn of the sliced spinal cord of dog and cat is much less than that of the cerebral cortex. 6. The findings are in keeping with the view that, at a certain stage of the infection, the nerve cells may be reversibly injured but not yet destroyed by the virus.
Intracoronary Heparin Delivery in Humans
Authors: Edoardo Camenzind, Peter-Paul Kint, Carlo Di Mario, Jürgen Ligthart, Wim van der Giessen, Eric Boersma, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Inefficacy of systemic drug administration for restenosis prevention may partially relate to insufficient local drug concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the acute feasibility and long-term outcome of using an infusion-perfusion coil balloon, Dispatch. Methods and Results In 22 patients after balloon angioplasty, the coil balloon was studied for (1) feasibility of local heparin delivery, (2) symptoms and signs of ischemia during prolonged deployment compared with angioplasty balloon occlusion, (3) coronary pressure and flow distal to the inflated device, and (4) long-term clinical and angiographic results. During prolonged intracoronary deployment of the coil balloon (29±8 minutes), 5 of 22 patients developed mild chest pain versus 20 of 22 during angioplasty (275±283 seconds). Neither hemodynamic nor vectorcardiographic signs of ischemia were detected, in contrast to angioplasty balloon occlusion. Baseline flow across the coil balloon was 44±31 mL/min, increasing by a factor of 1.8±0.7 during pharmacologically induced hyperemia. A mean volume of 14.2±6.1 mL containing 1416±608 IU of heparin was infused locally at a pressure of 122±54 mm Hg. At 7±1-month follow-up, 1 asymptomatic patient had died, and of the remaining 21, 17 (81%) were asymptomatic. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 15 of 21 patients (71%), including all 4 symptomatic patients. Mean minimal luminal diameter after the procedure was 2.16±0.49 mm and at follow-up, 1.89±0.45 mm, which corresponds to a restenosis rate (diameter stenosis ≥50%) of 7% (1/15). Conclusions Intracoronary use of the coil balloon after balloon angioplasty proved to be feasible and subjectively as well as objectively well tolerated during prolonged deployment by virtue of its perfusion properties. High volumes of heparin solution can be infused locally at very low pressure. No unfavorable clinical or angiographic long-term effects were observed.
Choledochal Cyst
Authors: THEODORE T. MILLER, CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, GABRIEL M. GROISMAN, KAREN I. NORTON, STEVEN DOLGIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Abdominal ultrasonography of a 9-year-old girl with nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints demonstrated findings suggestive of a choledochal cyst. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy, performed to assess the physiologic status of her biliary system, demonstrated intraductal stasis and poor drainage from the biliary tree into the bowel. The combination of these two noninvasive studies provided a highly accurate preoperative assessment of this patient's condition and correlated well with the operative findings.
The role of transcription factor Runx2 in tumor infiltrating T cells
Authors: Rina Mbofung, Weiyi Peng, Chengwen Liu, Chunyu Xu, Shruti Malu, Yan Yang, Wencai Ma, Zhiqiang Wang, Willem Overwijk, Eric Davis, Brendan Lee, Patrick Hwu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for melanoma patients with a clinical response rate of about 50%. However, half of patients treated do not respond to this therapy, underlining the need for improvement . One of the limitations of ACT is the poor effector
Abstract 1695: Imaging of the interaction of pancreatic cancer and stellate cells during liver metastasis
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Cynthia Snyder, Hisataka Moriwaki, Shigetoyo Saji, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic stellate cells are involved in fibrosis of pancreatic cancer. An understanding of pancreatic cancer-cell interactions with stellate cells is critical to our ability to develop effective anti-tumor therapeutics for pancreatic cancer. We report here imaging of the interaction of pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells in liver metastasis. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines (XPA1 and MiaPaCa-2) were engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm. Pancreatic stellate cells, engineered to express RFP, were co-injected with the cancer cells into the spleen of transgenic cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) nude mice. Three hours after splenic injection dual-color pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells were found distributed in the host liver. Seven days after cancer cell-stellate cell co-injection, most pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells were dead. However, by 28 days after injection, liver metastases were observed in the host CFP nude mice. With the high-resolution intravital imaging afforded by the Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope, the interaction of the dual-colored pancreatic cancer cells and the RFP-expressing pancreatic stellate cells could be clearly imaged in the liver metastasis, suggesting that stellate cells participate in metastasis formation. Our hypothesis is that pancreatic stellate cells form a niche for liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1695. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1695
Critical buccal bone dimensions along implants
Authors: Joe Merheb, Marc Quirynen, Wim Teughels
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract The buccal bone plate is a component of the alveolar process tightly related to the tooth it supports. A plethora of physiological and pathological events can induce its remodeling. Understanding this remodeling process and its extent is of major importance for the practitioner as it can affect the functional and esthetic outcome of implant surgery at the involved sites. Bone remodeling and resorption of the buccal bone plate are inevitable after tooth loss or extraction. To limit resorption, several ridge‐preservation techniques of varying efficacy have been described. Bone resorption is equally found to occur upon implant placement and is thought to be a result of the surgical trauma inflicted as well as an adaptation process of the tissues to the new foreign body. Because of the implications of bone resorption on the soft‐tissue levels and the general esthetic outcome, it is of primary importance for the practitioner to be able to evaluate the hard tissues and the inherent resorption risks in an effort to optimize the treatment strategies. Based on limited short‐term data, the present general opinion advises the need for a 2‐mm‐thick buccal bone plate in order to avoid vertical bone resorption.
Exposure to Asbestos and Human Disease
Authors: Margaret R. Becklake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

During the past two decades, ill health resulting from exposure to asbestos has been the subject of intensive observation and research1 — probably more intensive than research on any other environmental agent.2 In the most direct target organ, the lung, and in its pleural coverings, there is a wide spectrum of response after exposure; not only acute and chronic inflammatory diseases but also cancer of these organs may occur. Research has been stimulated by the belief that the more complete our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis, the better will be our ability to control the continued use of this . . .
Breast Cancer: Minimalists, Maximalists, Other Neoplasms
Authors: M. H. Cohen, R. G. Somers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The appropriateness of minimal or extensive surveillance of patients treated for stages I and II breast cancer recurrence was debated in a recent issue ofThe Journal.<sup>1,2</sup>Both points of view were well presented so that physicians have sufficient information to make judgments on this issue. Unfortunately, breast cancer recurrence may be only the second most important worry of these women. Risk of dying of a nonmammary, second primary neoplasm may exceed, in some subgroups, the risk of dying of breast cancer.<sup>3</sup>Everyone agrees that yearly mammography is important to detect local recurrences and new breast primary tumors.<sup>1,2</sup>Considered less often are planned efforts to detect endometrial, cervical, ovarian, colorectal, gastric, oral, and thyroid malignant neoplasms. Each of these neoplasms occurs with greater-than-expected frequency (relative risk, approximately 1.3 to 2.0) in patients with breast cancer.<sup>4-6</sup>The frequencyof development of nonmammary
Measles outbreak in Surrey
Authors: Peter M English, Nicola Lang, Anna Raleigh, Kevin Carroll, Margot Nicholls
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Asaria and MacMahon discuss measles in the United Kingdom.1 An outbreak of measles in South Yorkshire this year had 97 suspected and at least 37 confirmed cases reported.2 

In Surrey, the first confirmed case occurred in a child in January 2006. The number of measles cases notified to the Surrey and Sussex Health Protection Unit increased during the week of …
John Michael Talbot
Authors: H. Blake
Journal: BMJ (2012)

John Michael Talbot was born in Thames Ditton and educated at Kingston Grammar School. He came to living faith in his early teens through a boys’ bible class run by the Crusaders Union. He gained an undergraduate degree in medicine at London’s King’s College in the Strand, evacuated to Birmingham during the second world war, and completed his medical training at King’s College Hospital in south London.

John Talbot served two years as an doctor in the Royal Air Force in Singapore before returning to London at the end of the war to gain an MD in bacteriology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. After graduating, he returned to Kings College Hospital …
A SIMPLE ECG INDEX IN THE EARLY PHASE PREDICTS MYOCARDIAL SALVAGE AND MEAN-TERM LV FUNCTION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TREATED BY PRIMARY PCI
Authors: Gaetano Maria De Ferrari, Alessandra Greco, Claudia Raineri, Antonio Sanzo, Annalisa Turco, Mara Bonardi, Fabio Badilini, Martino Vaglio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis: a report of four cases
Authors: T. PETTERSSON, A.-L. KARINIEMI, S. TERVONEN, K. FRANSSILA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Four patients presented with a clinical picture of spiking fever, erythematous nodular subcutaneous skin lesions, anaemia and leucopenia. Inconstant features were weight loss (3/4), splenomegaly (3/4), thrombocytopenia (3/4), raised liver enzymes (3/4), hepatomegaly (2/4) and serosal effusions (2/4). The histopathological findings of lobular histiocytic panniculitis with "bean-bag" cells were characteristic of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP). No infectious agent could be detected, and there was no histological evidence of malignant neoplasia. Unlike most previously described patients with CHP, three of our four patients responded to treatment with immunosuppressive or cytostatic drugs.
Living with a smoker is equivalent to living in a heavily polluted city, say researchers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Non-smokers who live with smokers are typically exposed to three times the recommended level of fine particulate matter, new research has found.

A study published in Tobacco Control1 found that particulate matter concentrations in smoking households were on average 10 times higher than those found in non-smoking homes. 

The researchers included data from four linked studies carried out in Scotland from 2009 to 2013 involving real …
Atypical Findings of Discordant Bone Scan and Radiographs in Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: TOM X.L. TAN, MARCELLA DARDANI, DAVID J. NEAL, CHARLES F. MUELLER, RODNEY V. POZDERAC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The authors report atypical findings of discordant bone scans and radiography seen in a patient with transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH). Presented in the case of a 60-year-old man who had spontaneous onset of left hip pain which worsened for 2 months with weight-bearing on the affected side. Initial and follow-up radiographs of the let hip were normal. Bone scan demonstrated intense uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the affected femoral head and neck, corresponding to characteristics of abnormal signal intensity of TOH or transient bone marrow edema syndrome on MRI. This discordant pattern of bone scan and radiographs has rarely been reported in the literature. Its possible mechanism of causation and clinical implication in TOH, together with a review of the literature, are discussed in this report.
Triptolide Induces Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death via Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 70
Authors: Phoebe A. Phillips, Vikas Dudeja, Joshua A. McCarroll, Daniel Borja-Cacho, Rajinder K. Dawra, William E. Grizzle, Selwyn M. Vickers, Ashok K. Saluja
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is highly resistant to current chemotherapy agents. We therefore examined the effects of triptolide (a diterpenoid triepoxide) on pancreatic cancer growth and local-regional tumor spread using an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. We have recently shown that an increased level of HSP70 in pancreatic cancer cells confers resistance to apoptosis and that inhibiting HSP70 induces apoptosis in these cells. In addition, triptolide was recently identified as part of a small molecule screen, as a regulator of the human heat shock response. Therefore, our aims were to examine the effects of triptolide on (a) pancreatic cancer cells by assessing viability and apoptosis, (b) pancreatic cancer growth and local invasion in vivo, and (c) HSP70 levels in pancreatic cancer cells. Incubation of PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells with triptolide (50–200 nmol/L) significantly reduced cell viability, but had no effect on the viability of normal pancreatic ductal cells. Triptolide induced apoptosis (assessed by Annexin V, caspase-3, and terminal nucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end labeling) and decreased HSP70 mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. Triptolide (0.2 mg/kg/d for 60 days) administered in vivo decreased pancreatic cancer growth and significantly decreased local-regional tumor spread. The control group of mice had extensive local invasion into adjacent organs, including the spleen, liver, kidney, and small intestine. Triptolide causes pancreatic cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo by induction of apoptosis and its mechanism of action is mediated via the inhibition of HSP70. Triptolide is a potential therapeutic agent that can be used to prevent the progression and metastases of pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9407–16]
Estrogen Receptor Mutations in Human Disease
Authors: Matthew H. Herynk, Suzanne A. W. Fuqua
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

As early as the 1800s, the actions of estrogen have been implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) was identified in the late 1950s and purified a few years later. However, it was not until the 1980s that the first ER was molecularly cloned, and in the mid 1990s, a second ER was cloned. These two related receptors are now called ERα and ERβ, respectively. Since their discovery, much research has focused on identifying alterations within the coding sequence of these receptors in clinical samples. As a result, a large number of naturally occurring splice variants of both ERα and ERβ have been identified in normal epithelium and diseased or cancerous tissues. In contrast, only a few point mutations have been identified in human patient samples from a variety of disease states, including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and psychiatric diseases. To elucidate the mechanism of action for these variant isoforms or mutant receptors, experimental mutagenesis has been used to analyze the function of distinct amino acid residues in the ERs. This review will focus on ERα and ERβ alterations in breast cancer.
One way analysis of variance
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated current trends in the use of bariatric surgery in England. In particular, they looked at the surgical techniques used and factors that influenced postoperative outcomes. A population cohort study was performed. All NHS adult patients with a primary diagnosis of obesity who had undergone a primary elective bariatric procedure (gastric bypass, gastric banding, or sleeve gastrectomy) in England between April 2000 and March 2008 were studied. The main outcome measures included mortality at 30 days and one year after surgery, unplanned readmission to hospital within 28 days, and duration of stay in hospital.1

In total, 3649 gastric band procedures, 3191 gastric bypasses, and 113 sleeve gastrectomies were performed. Patients’ characteristics at time of surgery were compared between the procedures to establish differences that might have influenced postoperative outcome. The patient characteristics compared included age. No significant difference was reported between surgical procedures in mean age (gastric bypass 42.25 years (standard deviation 9.50), gastric banding 42.44 (9.79), sleeve gastrectomy 44.18 (8.96); one way analysis of variance P=0.364).

The researchers reported that the number of bariatric surgical procedures had increased in England in recent years. Gastric banding and gastric bypass were the most prevalent procedures, with sleeve gastrectomy first recorded in 2006. Patients selected for gastric banding had lower postoperative mortality and readmission rates plus a shorter length of stay than those selected for gastric bypass.

Which of the following statements, if any, are true for one …
Prisons confront dilemma of inmates with AIDS
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is not yet a major health<i>problem</i>in the nation's jails and prisons. But it has become a major<i>concern</i>of medical care officials at correctional facilities. There is good reason for concern. Inmates of penal institutions include two populations who appear to be at the greatest risk of developing AIDS—people with a history of intravenous drug abuse and males who engage in homosexual activities. Moreover, makeshift tattooing, a common practice in prisons, poses an additional risk of infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the causative AIDS agent. And while the incidence of AIDS in prisons is not increasing precipitously, it is rising steadily. On Jan 1, 1986, there had been 455 cases of AIDS reported among inmates of federal and state prisons and 311 cases among people incarcerated in city and county jails. There are currently 144 cases among inmates incarcerated