tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tea Consumption and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kenneth J. Mukamal, Malcolm Maclure, James E. Muller, Jane B. Sherwood, Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Some studies have suggested that tea consumption may be associated with lower mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of tea consumption on mortality after acute myocardial infarction are unknown. Methods and Results — As part of the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study, we performed a prospective cohort study of 1900 patients hospitalized with a confirmed acute myocardial infarction between 1989 and 1994, with a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Trained interviewers assessed self-reported usual weekly caffeinated tea consumption during the year before infarction with a standardized questionnaire. We compared long-term mortality according to tea consumption using Cox proportional hazards regression. Of the 1900 patients, 1019 consumed no tea (nondrinkers), 615 consumed &lt;14 cups per week (moderate tea drinkers), and 266 consumed 14 or more cups per week (heavy tea drinkers). Compared with nondrinkers, age- and sex-adjusted mortality was lower among moderate tea drinkers (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.89) and heavy tea drinkers (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.86). Additional adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics did not appreciably alter this association (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94 for moderate tea drinkers; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.84 for heavy tea drinkers). The association of tea and mortality was similar for total and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions — Self-reported tea consumption in the year before acute myocardial infarction is associated with lower mortality after infarction.
Role of CFTR mutations in adult bronchiectasis
Authors: P T King, N J Freezer, P W Holmes, S R Holdsworth, K Forshaw, D D Sart
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Over 1000 different mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator (CFTR) gene have so far been identified. These mutations have been associated with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from classic cystic fibrosis (CF) presenting in early childhood to CFTR related conditions that may present in adulthood such as congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, chronic pancreatitis, and rhinosinusitis. In addition, the 5T variant in the polythimidine tract is felt to be important in atypical CF as it significantly reduces the amount of normal CFTR transcript because intron 8 is inefficiently spliced.1

Bronchiectasis in adults is most commonly idiopathic2 and is a significant cause of chronic morbidity. The chief manifestation of CF is bronchiectasis, and the role of CFTR mutations in adult bronchiectasis is still not well defined. Several small studies have suggested that there is an increased prevalence of CFTR mutations in diffuse adult …
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Incidence of IDDM in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Marie-Élise Parent, Jack Siemiatycki, Richard Menzies, Lin Fritschi, Eleanor Colle
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To describe the association between Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and IDDM development in two different case-control series (A and B) in Montreal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Case-control series A comprised 93 IDDM cases and 2,903 control subjects who participated in a community-based tuberculin reactivity survey and who belonged to the same birth cohorts and areas of residence as the IDDM cases, Case-control series B comprised 249 IDDM cases and 431 age- and sex-matched friends and neighborhood control subjects. RESULTS In series A, the BCG vaccination prevalence among cases and control subjects was 21.5% (95% CI 13.2–29.8%) and 22.3% (95% CI 20.8–23.8%), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for IDDM associated with BCG vaccination was 1.09 (95% CI 0.62–1.91), after adjusting for the birth cohorts and areas of residence. The vaccination prevalence in series B was 17.7% (95% CI 13.0–22.4%) among cases and 15.1% (95% CI 11.7–18.5%) among control subjects. The OR for IDDM due to BCG vaccination was 1.26 (95% CI 0.79–2.02), taking into account the matched sets. Only one case (3.3%) from series B who had been vaccinated at birth was diagnosed by age 5, compared with 52 cases (24.5%) who had not been vaccinated (P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The lower proportion of birth-vaccinated IDDM cases diagnosed at a very young age, compared with nonvaccinated cases, possibly reflects a temporary boost of the immune functions after vaccination. However, as a whole, results from these analyses fail to support a protective role of BCG vaccination against juvenile-onset IDDM.
Vitamin D levels may explain the racial differences in response rates to antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Hong-Fang Ji
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Despite many studies that report black patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 show lower rates of sustained virologic response than nonblacks to treatment with peginterferon plus ribavirin,1, 2 the underlying reasons for the racial differences in response rates to antiviral therapy remain obscure. I read with great interest the article by Petta et al.,3 in which the authors reported that low vitamin D serum level is related to low responsiveness to antiviral therapy in individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C genotype 1, and lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) serum level is an independent negative risk factor for sustained virologic response. I think this finding has important implications for understanding the racial differences in response rates to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C. Vitamin D levels vary in individuals of different ethnicity. Because the higher amount of pigmentation in their skin reduces vitamin D production by sunlight, blacks have been well documented to have lower vitamin D levels than that of nonblacks, and vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among black Americans than nonblack Americans. A cross-sectional analysis of serum 25(OH)D levels in black and white subjects enrolled in the Southern Community Cohort Study indicated that hypovitaminosis D prevalence was 45% among blacks and only 11% among whites.4 According to the finding of Petta et al. that lower 25(OH)D serum level is an independent negative risk factor for sustained virologic response for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1,3 it is reasonable to infer that the lower vitamin D levels in blacks may make them respond less well to antiviral therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin than do nonblacks. Thus, besides the decreased prevalence among blacks of an interleukin-28B gene polymorphism associated with interferon responsiveness,5 the differences in vitamin D status among blacks and nonblacks may also contribute to the lower response rate in blacks to the antiviral treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin. Moreover, examination whether vitamin D supplementation can increase the rates of antiviral therapy response for patients, especially for blacks, infected with chronic hepatitis C virus deserves further investigation. Hong-Fang Ji Ph.D.*, * Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
Abnormality rates on barium meal examination in different racial groups
Authors: R Orme, A Novosadek, J R Lee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Serological responses to vaccination with typhoid or meningococcal vaccine separately or in combination *Antigen Typhoid Vi Meningococcal A Meningococcal CPrevaccination antibody titres (geometric mean (range) (mg/l))0 3 (0-1-2-7) 5 4 (2-1-16-0) 3 0 (0-8-21-0) Difference (95% confidence intervalt; P value): AvC 80to 130;0-9 81 to 116;0-7 83to 146;0-5 BvC 75 to 132; 1 0 87 to 126; 0-6 76to 132; 0 9Antibody timres at 3-6 weeks (mg/i) Group A (n=54) 2 1 (0 3-26 0) 5-3 (2 3-22-0) 2-8 (0 9-22 0) Group B (n=50) 0-2 (0-1-1-8) 23-3 (5 8-93 0) 34 0 (4 0-420 0)Group C (n=53) 3-7 (0-3-45-0) 22-2 (5-5-174-0) 31 9 (6 0-520 0)1 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.County monitors.London:
Phagolysosomal pH and dissolution of cobalt oxide particles by alveolar macrophages.
Authors: M Lundborg, R Falk, A Johansson, W Kreyling, P Camner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

We studied phagolysosomal pH in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) incubated with 0-15 microM chloroquine. There was a dose-related increase in pH with chloroquine concentration. Electron microscopy showed that chloroquine increased lysosomal size. In a second experiment we studied dissolution of radiolabeled cobalt oxide particles by rabbit AM, phagolysosomal pH, and lysosomal size. The cells were incubated for 2 days with 0, 2.5, and 10 microM chloroquine. Size and pH increased with chloroquine concentration. Dissolution of cobalt particles by the AM did not clearly change with pH. In a third experiment, dissolution of cobalt oxide particles in 0.1 M acetate buffer in saline with pH 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 was studied. At the same pH, dissolution in acetate buffer was faster than in the AM, and the dissolution appeared to decrease faster with increasing pH than in the AM. A simple model for dissolution of a particle in a phagolysosome was proposed. This model predicts the types of differences in dissolution between AM and buffered saline.
Publication Bias in Antipsychotic Trials: An Analysis of Efficacy Comparing the Published Literature to the US Food and Drug Administration Database
Authors: Erick H. Turner, Daniel Knoepflmacher, Lee Shapley
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Background Publication bias compromises the validity of evidence-based medicine, yet a growing body of research shows that this problem is widespread. Efficacy data from drug regulatory agencies, e.g., the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), can serve as a benchmark or control against which data in journal articles can be checked. Thus one may determine whether publication bias is present and quantify the extent to which it inflates apparent drug efficacy. Methods and Findings FDA Drug Approval Packages for eight second-generation antipsychotics—aripiprazole, iloperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, risperidone long-acting injection (risperidone LAI), and ziprasidone—were used to identify a cohort of 24 FDA-registered premarketing trials. The results of these trials according to the FDA were compared with the results conveyed in corresponding journal articles. The relationship between study outcome and publication status was examined, and effect sizes derived from the two data sources were compared. Among the 24 FDA-registered trials, four (17%) were unpublished. Of these, three failed to show that the study drug had a statistical advantage over placebo, and one showed the study drug was statistically inferior to the active comparator. Among the 20 published trials, the five that were not positive, according to the FDA, showed some evidence of outcome reporting bias. However, the association between trial outcome and publication status did not reach statistical significance. Further, the apparent increase in the effect size point estimate due to publication bias was modest (8%) and not statistically significant. On the other hand, the effect size for unpublished trials (0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.39) was less than half that for the published trials (0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.54), a difference that was significant. Conclusions The magnitude of publication bias found for antipsychotics was less than that found previously for antidepressants, possibly because antipsychotics demonstrate superiority to placebo more consistently. Without increased access to regulatory agency data, publication bias will continue to blur distinctions between effective and ineffective drugs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Abdominal pain in pregnancy
Authors: D. Jones, J. Wilson, N. Warnock, D. J. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 39 year old primigravid woman who was 36 weeks pregnant presented to the maternity unit with a one day history of worsening intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting. The pain was colicky in nature, with no radiation, and it was worse when she was lying flat. There had been no vaginal bleeding, no change in bowel habit, and no urinary symptoms. She had been previously well and had no medical history of note. She was tachycardic (117 beats/min), but respirations, blood pressure, and temperature were normal. On examination she was tender in the right upper quadrant and epigastrium, with no guarding. Before the general surgeons were contacted, the obstetric team had taken a history and carried out an examination, including a speculum examination, assessment of fetal heart sounds, and cardiotocography monitoring. All fetal assessments were normal and speculum examination excluded preterm labour.

Routine haematological and biochemical investigations showed a raised alkaline phosphatase, consistent with pregnancy, and a raised amylase (113 U/L; reference range 30-100). Abdominal ultrasound showed a normal single fetus and no intraperitoneal free fluid or gallstones. Despite regular analgesia and antiemetics the pain worsened gradually over the next 48 hours, with constant bilious vomiting.

After discussion with the general surgeon on call, it was decided that the possibility of bowel obstruction needed to be investigated, so abdominal radiography was performed (fig 1⇓).





### 1 What are the important differential diagnoses for abdominal pain during pregnancy?

#### Short answer

Initial differential diagnosis includes gastroenteritis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, ureteric colic, bowel obstruction, and placental abruption.

#### Long answer

It is difficult to make a clinical diagnosis in pregnant women with …
CD4 T cells producing IL-10 have a beneficial effect in murine lupus
Authors: R. Undeutsch, J. Y. Humrich, A. Papendieck, G. Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe systemic chronic autoimmune disease and New Zealand black × New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice are commonly used to study this disease. The role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in lupus is controversial and needs to be clarified, especially in regard to the different cell types, which can produce IL-10. Here the authors analysed whether IL-10 producing CD4 T cells have a beneficial effect in murine lupus. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice were repeatedly high-dose tolerised with SmD1(83–119) and analysed for SmD1(830119)-specific CD4 cells producing IL-10. Function of IL-10 on autoantibody production was analysed in an in vitro assay based on ELISA. Young, healthy NZB/W F1 mice were preventively treated with whole CD4 T cells from SmD1(83–119)- tolerised NZB/W F1 mice. And finally old, diseased NZB/W F1 were treated with polyclonal CD4 IL-10+ T cells generated in vitro. <h3>Results</h3> First, the authors detected SmD1(83–119)-specific CD4 IL-10+ T cells after their previously published SmD1(83–119) high dose tolerisation protocol and the authors were able to increase the number of these cells by an additional booster immunisation with SmD1(83–119), second, the authors showed that IL-10 has a suppressive effect on anti-dsDNA autoantibody production at least in vitro, third, the authors achieved a temporary beneficial effect on proteinuria course and autoantibody development by transfer of CD4 T cells containing up to 0.04% SmD1(83–119)-specific CD4 IL-10+ T cells from SmD1(83–119) high dose tolerised NZB/W F1 mice into untreated NZB/W F1 mice, and fourth, the authors were able to treat full blown lupus disease in old female NZB/W F1 mice with in vitro generated polyclonal CD4 IL-10+ T cells improving significantly the survival of these mice in contrast to a control transfer of in vitro generated polyclonal CD4 interferon γ+ T cells or phosphate-buffered saline treated control mice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The authors conclude that IL-10 produced by CD4 T cells has a beneficial effect in murine lupus, even in full-blown disease in old, severely ill lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice. Therefore, treatment of lupus prone mice with this cell type is an interesting new approach.
Fastidious Mycobacteria Grown from Porcine Prosthetic-Heart-Valve Cultures
Authors: Leonard F. Laskowski, J. Joseph Marr, John F. Spernoga, Norma J. Frank, Hendrick B. Barner, George Kaiser, Denis H. Tyras
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

WE report here the contamination of eight of 16 porcine xenograft heart valves placed in 15 patients over a three-month period. The micro-organisms cultured from the xenografts were identified as Mycobacterium chelonei.Materials and MethodsPorcine aortic valves were purchased from Hancock Laboratories, Anaheim, California. At operation, each valve was removed aseptically from its shipping jar, containing 0.2 per cent stabilized glutaraldehyde-soaked cotton wads, after rinsing in sterile 0.9 per cent saline (Travenol). A coupon of aortic-wall tissue was removed and transported to the laboratory. The specimen was cultured in thioglycollate medium (BBL) at 37°C for two weeks. Gram . . .
EXTRA-UTERINE GESTATION—ITS EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
Authors: S. L. JEPSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>(ABSTRACT.)</h3> The following were the author's conclusions: Extra-uterine gestation is probably always primarily tubal; the ovarian is a possible rare exception. Diagnosis before rupture may often be made with reasonable certainty. In some cases it is impossible. Diagnosis after rupture can in most cases be made so certainly as to justify opening the abdomen. Electricity—preferably galvanism—should be used when a diagnosis is made before rupture, unless the patient can and will secure the services of an expert operator. Celiotomy by an experienced abdominal surgeon is always proper in early unruptured cases. After intraperitoneal rupture with free hemorrhage, the abdomen should be promptly opened and the tube grasped near the uterus. The operation may be completed at once or delayed to restore the patient, as her condition requires. After rupture into the broad ligament, abdominal section is not urgent, and often is unnecessary. While condemning operations by the inexperienced in
Eradication of B-CLL by autologous and allogeneic host nonreactive anti–third-party CTLs
Authors: Fabian D. Arditti, Shraga Aviner, Benjamin Dekel, Rita Krauthgamer, Judith Gan, Arnon Nagler, Antonio Tabilio, Massimo Martelli, Alain Berrebi, Yair Reisner
Journal: Blood (2004)
Variants of ENPP1 are associated with childhood and adult obesity and increase the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes
Authors: David Meyre, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Agnès Tounian, Chantal Samson, Cécile Lecoeur, Vincent Vatin, Maya Ghoussaini, Christophe Wachter, Serge Hercberg, Guillaume Charpentier, Wolfgang Patsch, François Pattou, Marie-Aline Charles, Patrick Tounian, Karine Clément, Béatrice Jouret, Jacques Weill, Betty A Maddux, Ira D Goldfine, Andrew Walley, Philippe Boutin, Christian Dina, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
A NEW SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT WITH A CONTINUOUSLY THREADED NEEDLE
Authors: Henry L. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

All tactors considered, the ultimate result of good surgical technic is measured by the extent of the res oration of function. Among the factors responsible for such a result is the accurate and adequate apposition of tissues to promote proper healing. The problem of suturing technic has, therefore, always been of paramount importance to the surgeon. The introduction of new surgical suturing instruments has generally been the result of the requirements of a new surgical technic. It is equally true, however, that the introduction of new instruments has introduced a better technic. During the past fifty years approximately one hundred and twenty-three new suturing devices have been described in the literature. This in itself is an indication of the interest which the surgical profession has shown in the technic of suturing. Very few of these instruments are in use today. The present instrument collectively offers many advantages possessed individually by
Generic Drug Substitution Revisited
Authors: Brian L. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IN the past few decades, concern about reducing health care costs has led to attempts to increase the dispensing of generic drug products. First, physicians were encouraged to write prescriptions specifying a generic product.1 , 2 Second, state antisubstitution laws were modified to permit or even mandate generic substitution, even if the prescription did not include the generic name of the drug.3 Third, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a list of drug products thought to be interchangeable.4 Finally, and perhaps most important, the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act was enacted in 1984.5 One of its chief goals . . .
Decline in large elastic artery compliance with age: a therapeutic target for habitual exercise
Authors: P E Gates, D R Seals
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Aerobic exercise can favourably modify arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults

Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in industrialised societies, and age is the dominant risk factor for morbidity and mortality.1 Consequently, a primary public health concern is to understand the mechanisms by which ageing is associated with cardiovascular diseases and to establish appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. One putative mechanism that has emerged as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease is the age-associated decline in large artery compliance.2,3 This single degenerative alteration to the vasculature has profound effects on cardiovascular health, contributing to increased systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, isolated systolic hypertension, reduced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity, increased aortic input impedance, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure.1–4 As such, the age-associated decline in arterial compliance is an important therapeutic target for habitual physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article is to highlight recent studies from our laboratory and other peer-reviewed literature that provide compelling experimental evidence that aerobic exercise can favourably modify arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults.5–8 We will also present evidence suggesting that resistance training is potentially detrimental to arterial compliance unless combined with aerobic exercise.

Arterial compliance (and its inverse, arterial stiffness) describes the ability of an artery to distend in response to a change in intravascular (transmural) pressure. By distending and recoiling, the large “elastic” arteries in the cardiothoracic region—for example, aorta and carotid arteries—function to buffer the oscillation in blood pressure caused by ventricular pumping, and help to convert intermittent blood flow from the ventricle into continuous blood flow in the vasculature.9 This compliant property of the artery is typically determined by simultaneous measurements of changes in arterial blood pressure and volume during the …
Further Observations upon the Diagnosis of Deafness in Young Children
Authors: M. R. Dix, C. S. Hallpike
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CEREBRAL VESSELS BmrJ= 235 words within the hour following the stellate-ganglion block; then she gradually sank back into mutism.Approximately one-third of the patients have a feeling of relief, are less contracted, and are more supple; and many walk very much better after a week.This improvement may be temporary, and sometimes the former condition will re-establish itself when the infiltrations are stopped.Or the improvement may be permanent, especially if the patient is determined to collaborate.