tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Boxing and the brain.
Authors: J. A. Corsellis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and propranolol. Lancet 1981;i:520-2. 6 Tyrer P, Owen R, Dawling S. Gradual withdrawal of diazepam after long-term therapy. Lancet 1983;i: 1402-6. 7 Owen RT, Tyrer P. Benzodiazepine dependence: a review of the evidence. Drugs 1983;25:385-98. 8 Gunderson JG, Singer MT. Defining borderline patients: an overview. AmJ Psychiatry 1975;132:1-10. 9 Tyrer P, Alexander J. Classification of personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1979;135:163-7. 10 Mann AH, Jenkins R, Cutting JC, Cowen PJ. The development and use of a standardised assessment of abnormal personality. Psychol Med 1981,11:839 47.
Non-Specific Factors that may influence Significance of Urinary Steroid Excretion in Breast Cancer
Authors: J. A. Durant, H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The urinary excretion of corticosteroids (17-oxogenic steroids) and adrenal androgens (11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids) was studied in women below the age of 50 in a variety of clinical situations for comparison with a normal group. The conditions studied were: chronic debility from non-malignant disease, weight reduction, admission to hospital and surgery for varicose veins, hepatic non-malignant disease, and non-mammary cancer.The objective of the study was to determine whether the changes found in early and advanced breast cancer and used to judge the prognosis of the disease are specific to the disease or are merely incidental to the degree of illness caused by the disease.Similar changes to those found in breast cancer-principally a reduction in the excretion of the androgens-were found in the women with severe hepatic disease and in advanced non-mammary cancer. These were also found to follow the effects of severe surgical stress.It is concluded that the changes found in breast cancer are a measure of the general systemic disturbance caused by the disease and are not due specifically to it. Nevertheless, the value of their prognostic significance remains unchallenged.
Identifying Adults at Increased Risk of Coronary Disease
Authors: Steven A. Grover
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the accuracy of lipid screening strategies to identify individuals at increased risk of coronary heart disease mortality. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The 15% random sample of adults recruited into the Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence and Follow-up Studies, which included 3678 men and women aged 35 to 74 years. Total plasma cholesterol levels, lipoprotein fractions, and other coronary risk factors at study entry were compared with subsequent coronary heart disease mortality (mean follow-up, 12.2 years). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for blood lipids, lipid ratios, the screening guidelines proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program, those of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Cholesterol, and a coronary risk model that used Framingham data. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —The current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines (area under the curve, 0.74) were significantly (<i>P</i>=.03) more accurate than the old National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines (area, 0.72). The ratio of total plasma cholesterol level to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (area, 0.72) was as accurate as current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. The coronary risk model (area, 0.85) was superior (<i>P</i>&lt;.003) to all other screening maneuvers. Compared with the current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, the risk model demonstrated superior test sensitivity (70% vs 45%) with only slightly reduced specificity (82% vs 86%). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The ratio of total plasma cholesterol level to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is as accurate as current American screening guidelines. Future guidelines should better incorporate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and nonlipid risk factors to target high-risk individuals accurately. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:801-806)
Cannabis Use and Dependence: Public Health and Public Policy, Young People and Substance Abuse
Authors: Yvonne Bonomo
Journal: BMJ (2004)

T he two authors of Cannabis Use and Dependence have extensive experience in the area of drug consumption and policy. Wayne Hall is the director of the Office of Public Policy and Ethics at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Australia, and Rosalie Liccardo Pacula is an economist with the RAND …
Epidemic Toxoplasmosis Associated with Infected Cats
Authors: Steven M. Teutsch, Dennis D. Juranek, Alexander Sulzer, J. P. Dubey, R. Keith Sikes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

In October, 1977, an outbreak of toxoplasmosis occurred in patrons of a riding stable in Atlanta, Georgia; 37 became ill with toxoplasmosis or had serologic evidence by indirect fluorescent-antibody test of acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii (titer greater than or equal to 1:4096 or a positive fluorescent-antibody test for toxoplasma antibodies). Forty-nine additional patrons did not become ill. Two of the three adult cats from the stable were seropositive for toxoplasma, which was also recovered from the tissues of two kittens and four mice trapped near the stable. Patrons who spent most of their time at the end of the stable where a cat had defecated had the highest incidence of infection. Patrons who attended the stable daily had a higher attack rate than those who attended less frequently. No common meals were consumed, and dietary histroy eliminated meat as the source of infection. The data suggest that toxoplasma oocysts were the source of the infection.
Predicting Outcomes after Renal Transplantation — New Tools and Old Tools
Authors: Philip A. Marsden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

More than 90 percent of renal allografts transplanted today will still be functioning one year from now. This rate represents a remarkable improvement over one-year graft-survival rates of 70 percent in 1990.1 Despite this improvement in short-term success, which reflects the use of better immunosuppressive medications and the specialized management provided by the teams that care for patients with renal transplants, the long-term deficiencies of the current approaches are increasingly apparent: undesirable side effects of immunosuppressive medications and the inexorable loss of grafts due to chronic rejection. The current reality is that allograft failure is one of the four most . . .
Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening
Authors: Pignone Michael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters16 October 2001Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer ScreeningPignone Michael, MD, MPH, Harris Russell, MD, MPH, and Kinsinger Linda, MD, MPHPignone Michael, MD, MPHUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Pignone, Harris, Kinsinger)Search for more papers by this author, Harris Russell, MD, MPHUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Pignone, Harris, Kinsinger)Search for more papers by this author, and Kinsinger Linda, MD, MPHUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Pignone, Harris, Kinsinger)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Harewood that clinicians play an important role in the process of screening for colorectal cancer and that interventions directed primarily at the patient are probably not in themselves adequate to achieve high screening rates. In our randomized trial of a patient-directed decision aid, we found that the decision aid could increase rates of screening by providing patients with information about colorectal cancer screening and with a means of discussing that information with their physicians. We did not direct any systematic intervention toward the providers, nor did we implement changes in office systems that have ...Reference1. Balas EA, Weingarten S, Garb CT, Blumenthal D, Boren SA, Brown GD. Improving preventive care by prompting physicians. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:301-8. [PMID: 10668831] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Pignone, Harris, Kinsinger) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVideotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening Michael Pignone , Russell Harris , and Linda Kinsinger Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening Gavin Harewood Videotape-Based Decision Aid for Colon Cancer Screening Gavin Harewood Metrics 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 634-635KeywordsCancer screeningChartsColonoscopyColorectal cancerColorectal cancer screeningForecastingPatientsRandomized trials ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
What we can learn from individual resuscitated patients
Authors: A Wilde
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Ŝee article by Deschenes et al. [3] ( pages 55 -65) insufficient evidence that a particular gene or chromosomal this issue.region links to a particular disease.Such data are available for all genes identified in LQTS patients, including Successfully resuscitated patients without structural SCN5A, the gene encoding the fast cardiac sodium chancardiac abnormalities (despite extensive investigations) are nel, which underlies LQTS [4].SCN5A has also been 3 diagnosed as suffering from ''primary electrical disease''.implied in Brugada syndrome [5], but significant linkage Within this group of patients the Long QT syndrome lack data.An exception forms a recently described large (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome are electrocardiographical-family with features of both LQTS and Brugada 3
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1C negatively regulates antigen receptor signaling in B lymphocytes and determines thresholds for negative selection
Authors: Jason G. Cyster, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (1995)

Motheaten viable (mev) mice are deficient in the cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1C, and exhibit severe B cell immunodeficiency and autoantibody production. The role of PTP1C in B cell selection and function was analyzed by breeding immunoglobulin transgenes specific for a defined antigen, hen egg lysozyme, into mev mice. Antigen triggered a greater and more rapid elevation of intracellular calcium in PTP1C-deficient B cells, indicating that this phosphatase negatively regulates immunoglobulin signaling. Elimination of self-reactive B cells carrying this signal-enhancing mutation was triggered during their development by binding a lower valency form of self-antigen than is normally required. These findings establish that activation of distinct repertoire-censoring mechanisms depends on quantitative differences in antigen receptor signaling, whose thresholds are determined by negative regulation through PTP1C.
Jaundice Due to Methandrostenolone Therapy
Authors: Harry A. Kaupp
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CASE REPORTS of jaundice following the administration of drugs have been appearing in increasing numbers in the literature. Some of these cases constitute a group in which the jaundice produces little or no morphological indication of liver-cell damage and is associated with stasis of bile in the finer radicals of the intrahepatic biliary tract. This intrahepatic cholestasis resembles extrahepatic biliary obstruction in clinical, functional, and even histologic manifestations. Methyltestosterone, norethandrolone, and other anabolic androgenic steroids produce this type of intrahepatic obstruction. Methandrostenolone, a recently developed steroid, has been used for the relief of chronic fatigue, to shorten the convalescence of wasting diseases and in other instances where an effective anabolic agent is required with minimal androgenic effect. This paper presents a case of intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to the use of methandrostenolone in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Case Report A 41-year-old Negro male with amyotrophie lateral sclerosis was treated
Computational cognitive epigenetics
Authors: Aaron Sloman, Jackie Chappell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Jablonka &amp; Lamb (J&amp;L) refer only implicitly to aspects of cognitive competence that preceded both evolution of human language and language learning in children. These aspects are important for evolution and development but need to be understood using the design-stance, which the book adopts only for molecular and genetic processes, not for behavioural and symbolic processes. Design-based analyses reveal more routes from genome to behaviour than J&amp;L seem to have considered. This both points to gaps in our understanding of evolution and epigenetic processes and may lead to possible ways of filling the gaps.
An Address ON THE WORK OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE
Authors: C. Allbutt
Journal: BMJ (1916)

i:AL ENTLEMEN,-To dwell upon the large and profound clhanges whichl, even in muy lifetime, lhave transformed Ulse art andl science of medicine would make a long story.B3u1t if, as you wvere good enouglh to suggest, I offer you somne brief narration of the esLablithlnent and work of tlhe National Medical lResearchl Council and Committee, I slhall illust,rate -thereby certain chiief features of the new developmnent.Whlen some of us were consulted, not on the creation or management of a National Health Insurance but on certain of thie scientific bearings and effects of the measure, we were rejoiced to find in tlhe Minister who introduced it a far-seeing conviction of the opportunities of the Act for rekindling, reinforcing, andi expanding that newer and wvider life of medicine of whicll I lia% e spoken.Thie new life of mneedicine consists mainly in the advance from metlhods of desctiption only to methods of description and analysis, an advance which, if pre-eminent inl our own day, did not, of course, arise witlh us.This advance may be illustrated by tle like reanimation of tlle metlhods of "natui-oal history" by those of biology.By analysis we .penetrate,below our observation of superficial likenesses anid unlikenesses, to a closer and wiiore experimental recoganitioii of deeper affinities.In this way we attain
Abstract 5714: Screening of some tropical Indian plants for their anticancer activity
Authors: Akbar Nawab, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Carcinoma of the breast, colon and prostate are highly prevalent malignancies in the Western nations. Although much innovation in diagnosis and treatment of these cancers has been done but no satisfactory treatment options are currently available. New agents are required which can be developed as anticancer drugs. Despite major scientific and technological progress in combinatorial chemistry, plant derived drugs still make an enormous contribution to drug discovery. Tropical plant species namely Artemisia vulgaris (Compositae), Cichorium intybus (Compositae), Smilax glabra (Liliaceae), Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) and Swertia chirayata (Gentianaceae) are commonly used for medicinal purposes in traditional forms of Indian medicine. Extracts derived from various parts have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. However, the anticancer property has not been elucidated. We used human cancer cell lines derived from breast (T47-D), colon (RKO) and prostate (PC-3), to conduct our work. Aqueous freeze dried extracts were prepared from inflorescence (Artemisia vulgaris), seeds (Cichorium intybus), rhizome (Smilax glabra), berries (Solanum nigrum) and whole plant (Swertia chirayata) at the doses ranging from 1-1000μg/mL used to determine EC50 value by performing MTT assay. Exposure of aqueous extract obtained from berries of Solanum nigrum for 24-72h caused 40-87% growth inhibition of PC-3 cells and EC50 value determined to be 220μg/mL after 24 h of treatment. Similarly T47-D cells demonstrated 48-79% inhibition (EC50 550μg/mL) and RKO cells exhibited 40-76% inhibition of cell growth and EC50 value determined to be &amp;gt;1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, aqueous extracts of Artemisia vulgaris, Cichorium intybus, Smilax glabra and Swertia chirayata exhibited cell growth inhibition in all three cell lines but the EC50 values determined were &amp;gt;1000μg/mL. Treatment of cells with 500μg/mL doses of various plant extract for 48h exhibited DNA laddering in all three cell lines with Solanum nigrum. To further verify the apoptotic effect Solanum nigrum we investigated changes in the activity of the apoptotic-related proteins: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3, which were cleaved in all three cell lines suggesting induction of apoptosis through perturbation of apoptotic signal pathway. A mechanistic understanding of the anti-proliferative and anticancer effects of Solanum nigrum remains to be elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5714.
Breastfeeding in Children of Women Taking Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Kimford J. Meador, Gus A. Baker, Nancy Browning, Morris J. Cohen, Rebecca L. Bromley, Jill Clayton-Smith, Laura A. Kalayjian, Andres Kanner, Joyce D. Liporace, Page B. Pennell, Michael Privitera, David W. Loring
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Breastfeeding is known to have beneficial effects, but concern exists that breastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy may be harmful. We previously noted no adverse effects of breastfeeding associated with AED use on IQ at age 3 years, but IQ at age 6 years is more predictive of school performance and adult abilities.
Skin Lesions in Organic Brain Disease
Authors: E. E. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The results are shown in Table III (" satisfactory " indi- cates that the disease is apparently arrested and no tubercle bacilli are found in the sputum).In the group where TABLE III.-Results Satis-Unsatis-Died Total factory factory No alternative treatment: Pneumonectomy 2} 37 8}12 7} 9 40}58 Surgical alternative possible: Pneumonectomy 4....2...
Pathological splenic rupture: A rare complication of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Shannon Lynn Goddard, Alden E. Chesney, Marciano D. Reis, Zeina Ghorab, Mike Brzozowski, Frances C. Wright, Richard A. Wells
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is an uncommon disorder characterized by monocytosis of the peripheral blood, absence of the Philadelphia chromosome, fewer than 20% blasts, and one or more lineages showing dysplastic features. Splenomegaly is frequently seen and may be massive. A 56‐year‐old man with stable CMML and moderate splenomegaly presented to the emergency department with generalized abdominal pain and abrupt drop in hemoglobin. Abdominal imaging revealed splenic rupture and emergency splenectomy was undertaken, with complete recovery. Atraumatic rupture of the spleen has rarely been reported as a complication of CMML or other myelodysplastic disorders. This report should alert physicians to consider this diagnosis in patients with CMML and acute abdominal pain. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
803 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSAMINASE LEVELS AND PLASMA PHARMACOKINETICS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF MK-5172 WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON alfa-2b AND RIBAVIRIN (PR) TO HCV GENOTYPE (G) 1 TREATMENT-NAÏVE PATIENTS
Authors: L. Caro, L. Du, S. Huang, L. Wenning, J. Su, P.M.T. Hwang, R. Valesky, C. Gilbert, J. Gress, F. Klaassen, I.N. Gendrano, J. Brunhofer, M. Cooreman, J. Huisman, N. Mobashery
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Dietary Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Robert G. Moses, Jennie C. Brand-Miller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical problems found in pregnancy. Categorizing a woman as having GDM with a glucose tolerance test (GTT) identifies the top 5–10% of a continuum of risk for certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with GDM are themselves very likely to ultimately develop type 2 diabetes. In addition, the offspring of women with GDM have a greater risk of childhood obesity, glucose intolerance, and diabetes in early adulthood. The advantages of treatment on adverse pregnancy outcomes have been clearly identified (1), but more research is needed to determine whether offspring outcomes can also be altered by interventions during pregnancy.

The risk factors for the development of GDM are well established, but of the major ones, only maternal obesity is potentially preventable or reversible. At the time of diagnosis one of the most commonly asked questions by patients relates to whether poor diet may have caused the problem. Although we can say that a change in diet will have a favorable effect, at this stage we cannot say with any certainty that any dietary factor causes GDM.

Epidemiological studies provide clues that generate hypotheses for further research. In this context, for both young and middle-aged women, a habitual diet that is high in fiber has an inverse association with the development of type 2 diabetes (2–4). Because dietary fiber is found only in plant foods closely associated with starch and naturally occurring sugars, the findings imply that low carbohydrate diets are not likely to be protective. In meta-analyses, dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are also predictive of type 2 …
A Dual Approach to the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Ten years ago five homosexual men in Los Angeles were reported to have acquired a mysterious and profound immune deficiency associated with pneumocystis pneumonia and other opportunistic infections. The report on these men, published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on June 5, 1981, marked the beginning of the AIDS epidemic.1 Within weeks, similar cases were being described elsewhere.2 3 4 5 Even before the isolation of the causative virus in 1983 and the introduction of serologic testing in 1985, it was clear that a major epidemic had begun.Now, a decade later, well over 100,000 Americans have died of AIDS and . . .
Vasculitis in hairy cell leukemia: Rapid response to interferon alpha
Authors: David Gómez‐Almaguer, José Luis Herrera‐Garza, Blanca M. Garcia‐Guajardo, Blanca E. Garcia‐Taboada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and vasculitis was treated only with interferon alpha‐2b. A good, rapid response was obtained without using corticosteroids or immunosuppressors. Interferon may prove to be useful for the systemic therapy of patients with vasculitis associated with HCL.