tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Three Anticoagulants in Thrombo-embolic Disease
Authors: J. McE. Neilson, A. W. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1957)

GASTRECTOMY B enterostomy, 45 patients being deprived of their ability to take a normal-size meal by partial gastrectomy as against 23 by vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy.Ability to take a One-or Two-course Meal Of the 100 patients under consideration, nine were found to have been deprived by vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy of their ability to take a sweet course.The distribution of these nine patients in the two groups is as follows:Group A: of the 77 patients able to take a normal-size meal, only one did not take a sweet course.Group B: of the 23 patients unable to take a normal-size meal, eight did not take a sweet course.The actual figures obtained were: Sweet CourseGroup A Group B Yes ... 69
Sagittectomy — First Recorded Surgical Procedure in the American Southwest, 1535
Authors: Jesse E. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, a Spanish explorer with the ill fated Narvaez expedition, was shipwrecked on the Texas coast in 1528. During an eight-year sojourn among the Indians, he was obliged to become their physician or medicine man. His usual method of treatment was a laying-on of hands and fervent praying, to which the Indians responded miraculously. However, with what tools he had, Cabeza de Vaca also practiced surgery when necessary, and in one historic operation in 1535, removed an arrowhead from deep in an Indian's chest (sagittectomy). This surgical cure made him famous among the Indians and was responsible for his eventual safe return to civilization. After a remarkable transcontinental journey by foot he finally arrived in Mexico City. After returning to Spain he published, in 1542, a detailed description of his adventures together with an account of his famous operation. (N Engl J Med 289:1403–1407, 1973)
Letter: Inhibition of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation by haemaccel.
Authors: J Stibbe, E P Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1975)

JUNE 1975 tobacco has been heated to "cuire" it, immediately inactivating enzymes and thereby leaving more unchanged hydrocarbon, while pipe tobacco and Spanish and Polish cigarette tobaccos are wteated by the old method.Our experiments showed that pipe tobacco made loosely into a cigarette4 burned at a lower temperature than cigarette tobacco packed loosely into a cigarette.We also showed5 significant lung cancer production in Swiss white mice compared with controls when smoke from manufactured cigarettes was used.We showed no cancer production in Swiss white mice when loosely packed pipe tobacco was used in the cigarette and, more significantly, no deaths at all in the experimental period (equivalent to nine years' smoking in man); also negligible bronchitis and no cardiac failure.Fifty-five per cent of the mnice succumbed to cardio- respiratory illness when commercial cigarettes burning aft high temperatures were used for the same time.We also noted that draw-4back was asso- ciated with less lung cancer in man than simple puffing6 and pointed out a logical reason for this; simple puffing fills to the carina, while draw-hack dilutes the advanc- ing gas cloud quickly from the carina into the less susceptible alveoli.The nicotine content of the reduced-4temperature-burning cigarette is similar to the nicotine content of the high-temperaturecommercialcigarette, so that smoking satisfaction on this level should be similar.Heterocyclic hydroarbons producing satisfactory flavour may be re- duced in the cigarettes with a lower tem- peratwre of combustion, but the smokers who smoked some 200 of these test cigarettes made the conmment that the flavour was acceptable to a smoker.-Iam, etc,
Bipolar treatment efficacy – Authors' reply
Authors: Tomofumi Miura, Toshi A Furukawa, Andrea Cipriani, Keisuke Motomura, Hiroshi Mitsuyasu, Shiro Tanaka, Stefan Leucht, Satomi Shimano-Katsuki, Georgia Salanti, Hisashi Noma, Sarah Stockton, John R Geddes, Shigenobu Kanba
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2014)
RECURRENT SYNCOPE IN THE YOUNG IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND ALL-CAUSE DEATH: A NATIONWIDE STUDY OF 13,161 YOUNG PATIENTS
Authors: Martin Huth Ruwald, Anna-Karin Nume, Morten Lamberts, Carolina Malta Hansen, Morten Hansen, Michael Vinther, Lars Kober, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jim Hansen, Gunnar Gislason
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Patient Identification For Laboratory Tests
Authors: Gerard J. Aitken
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The EDITORIAL entitled "Laboratory Tests: Misuse and Abuse" (<b>218</b>:90, 1971) was well taken. The case report concerning mistaken patient identity requires further comment. Proper patient identification consists of the patient's full name, hospital number, and birthdate. Too often the patient is identified only by last name and room number as apparent in this case. The medical student on laboratory assignment should be instructed in proper patient identification. This is a prime prerequisite in any situation involving the procurement of specimens from patients not known to the collector. A properly formulated transfusion request form should contain an area where the individual collecting the specimen for typing and crossmatching certifies that he has checked the order for blood on the patient's chart, properly identified the patient, and has drawn the specimen from the appropriate patient. Of all the links in the chain of events in typing, crossmatching, and
Fate of arsenicals in different environmental substrates.
Authors: E A Woolson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The current knowledge of arsenic (As) transformations in the environment, as well as some gaps in this knowledge, are reviewed. These transformations involve As chemical and biochemical transformations in air, waters, sediments, and soils. Arsenic moves in a dispersive manner through air and water and is in physical and chemical equilibrium in many substrates. It is oxidized, reduced, methylated, volatilized, incorporated into biotic tissues, excreted, adsorbed, and desorbed. Oceanic sediments become the eventual sink for As. The rates of As movement and transformation vary with environmental conditions. Besides inorganic As, various methylated arsenicals are found naturally at environmentally sensitive equilibrium concentrations, which are probably maintained biotically. An As-transformation model has been constructed from rate constants derived from field observations. The environmental factors affecting these rate constants are discussed.
Statement of the American Medical Association
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee: I am Dr. Hugh H. Hussey, Jr., of Washington, D.C. I am appearing here today as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association. I am also the Dean of the School of Medicine of Georgetown University. With me are Dr. Ernest B. Howard, Assistant Executive Vice-President of the American Medical Association, C. Joseph Stetler, the Association's General Counsel, and Joseph Jerome, Ph.D., Assistant Secretary of the Council on Drugs. The American Medical Association, as the national association of the physicians of the United States, has a serious and long-standing interest in drugs and any legislation concerning them. We have not, however, taken any position on S.1552, as a whole, inasmuch as certain of the proposals in the bill, such as the Sherman Act and patent law amendments, are outside our area of competence. We will direct our remarks
Strong inverse correlation between serum TPO level and platelet count in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Naoto Tomita, Shigeki Motomura, Rika Sakai, Katsumichi Fujimaki, Juichi Tanabe, Hitoshi Fukawa, Hiroshi Harano, Heiwa Kanamori, Kouji Ogawa, Hiroshi Mohri, Atsuo Maruta, Fumio Kodama, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo, Tomoyuki Tahara, Takashi Kato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Serum thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in 50 essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients were measured using a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA. In nine cases, TPO levels were measured at two points with different platelet counts. ET patients showed significantly higher serum TPO levels (n = 59, 2.70 ± 2.74 fmol/mL, P < 0.0001) than those of normal individuals (n = 29, 0.83 ± 0.36 fmol/mL). Twenty-three previously untreated ET patients also showed significantly higher serum TPO levels (1.33 ± 0.75 fmol/mL, P = 0.0066) than normal individuals. Extremely high serum TPO levels (5.46 ± 3.68 fmol/mL) were observed in ET patients with normal platelet counts. Furthermore, a strong inverse correlation was found between serum TPO levels and platelet counts in ET patients (R = −0.729, P < 0.0001). This inverse correlation also held for each of nine cases with two-point TPO measurements. In the clinical course of ET, megakaryocyte mass may parallel the platelet mass before and after chemotherapy. Although it is unknown whether overproduction of TPO exists or not in ET, total platelet and megakaryocyte mass, i.e., the total number of c-Mpl, may play a role to regulate serum TPO levels. Am. J. Hematol. 63:131–135, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TICAGRELOR VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BY-PASS SURGERY: RESULTS FROM THE PLATO TRIAL
Authors: Claes Held, Jean Pierre Bassand, Richard C. Becker, Christopher P. Cannon, Marc J. Claeys, Robert A. Harrington, Jay Horrow, Steen Husted, Stefan K. James, Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
In vivo inhibition of glucagon secretion by paracrine beta cell activity in man.
Authors: C M Asplin, T L Paquette, J P Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The close anatomical relationships betaeen pancreatic alpha and beta cells makes possible their interaction at a local (paracrine) level. To demonstrate this in vivo, we have compared the acute glucagon response to intravenous arginine in the basal state and after beta cell suppression by infusions of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration was maintained by the glucose clamp technique. In six normal weight nondiabetics, infusion of insulin at 0.2 mU/kg per min (rate 1) raised the mean +/- SEM plasma insulin levels from 10 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 4 mU/liter and at 1 mU/kg per min (rate 2) raised plasma insulin to 84 +/- 8 mU/liter. This resulted in beta cell suppression, as shown by a diminution in the acute insulin response (incremental area under the insulin response curve, 0-10 min): basal = 283 +/- 61, 199 +/- 66 (rate 1) and 143 +/- 48 mU/liter per 10 min (rate 2) and a fall in prestimulus C-peptide from 1.05 +/- 0.17 to 0.66 +/- 0.15 and to 0.44 +/- 0.15 mM/liter (all P less than 0.01). This beta cell suppression was associated with increased glucagon responses to arginine: 573 +/- 75 (basal), 829 +/- 114 (rate 1), and 994 +/- 136 ng/liter per 10 min (rate 2) and increased peak glucagon responses 181 +/- 11 (basal), 214 +/- 16 (rate 1), and 259 +/- 29 ng/liter (rate 2) (all P less than 0.01). In all subjects, there was a proportional change between the rise in he acute glucagon response to arginine and the fall in the prearginine C-peptide level. To demonstrate that augmented glucagon response was due to betw cell suppression, and not to the metabolic effect of infused insulin, similar studies were performed in C-peptide-negative-diabetics. Their acute glucagon response to arginine was inhibited by the insulin infusion: 701 +/- 112 (basal), 427 +/- 33 (rate 1), and 293 +/- 67 ng/liter per 10 min (rate 2) as was their peak glucagon response: 268 +/- 69, 170 +/- 36, and 115 +/- 33 ng/liter (all P less than 0.01). Thus, hyperinsulinemia, within the physiological range achieved by insulin infusion, inhibits beta cell secretion which, via a paracrine mechanism, potentiates glucagon secretion.
Diagnosis in Urinary Frequency
Authors: Bradford B. Burnett
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (239:545, 1978), a 63-year-old physician from Arizona complained of urinary frequency. These are symptoms compatible with detrusor irritability, which can be of inflammatory or neurogenic origin, as F. A. Fried, MD, suggests in his answer. However, no mention was made of bladder outlet obstruction, the most common cause of such symptoms in elderly men. In addition to the studies outlined, I would recommend a micturition flow study. This is an extremely simple and informative test that can add much understanding of lower urinary tract disease. A reduced maximal flow rate or an abnormal flow pattern would suggest obstruction. A cystometrogram with high pressure, low bladder capacity, or uninhibited contractions would be compatible with detrusor irritability secondary to obstruction, especially if the remainder of the neurological examination was normal. Cystoscopy should help in the diagnosis, but it has been my experience that
Evidence for two different modes of tripeptide disappearance in human intestine. Uptake by peptide carrier systems and hydrolysis by peptide hydrolases.
Authors: S A Adibi, E L Morse, S S Masilamani, P M Amin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The intestinal fate of two tripeptides (triglycine and trileucine), which differ markedly in solubility and molecular weight, have been investigated by jejunal perfusion in healthy human volunteers. Rates of glycine or leucine uptake from test solutions containing triglycine or trileucine were greater than from test solutions containing corresponding amounts of free glycine or free leucine, respectively. The rate of glycine uptake from a 100 mM triglycine solution was greater than that from a 150 mM diglycine solution. At each infused load of triglycine (e.g., 1,000 mumol/min) the rates (micromoles/minutes per 30 cm) of either triglycine disappearance (810 +/- 40) or glycine absorption (2,208 +/- 122) were markedly greater than the luminal accumulation rates of either diglycine (56 +/- 10) or free glycine (110 +/- 18). The luminal accumulation rate of free leucine during infusion of a 5 mM trileucine solution was over threefold greater than that of free glycine during the infusion of a 5 mM triglycine solution. Luminal fluid exhibited no hydrolytic activity against triglycine, but contained some activity against trileucine. Saturation of free amino acid carrier system with a large load of leucine did not affect glycine absorption rate from a triglycine test solution, but isoleucine markedly inhibited the uptake from a trileucine solution. When the carrier system for dipeptides was saturated with a large amount of glycylleucine, the disappearance rate of triglycine was considerably reduced while that of trileucine remained unaffected. After addition of glycylleucine to tripeptide solutions, there was a minimal increase in the luminal accumulation of diglycine, while dileucine accumulation was incresed by 62-fold.
DNA synthesis by jejunal mucosa in responsive and non-responsive coeliac disease.
Authors: P E Jones, T J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1977)

DNA synthesis by jejunal biopsy specimen from patients with coeliac disease and from controls was measured by an organ culture technique. The rate of synthesis in the mucosa of patients with untreated coeliac disease was almost eight times that in normal mucosa. Patients whose jejunal mucosa remained flat despite prolonged gluten withdrawal showed a rate of DNA synthesis significantly lower than that of the untreated patients, while those whose jejunal mucosa had responded to gluten withdrawal showed a rate similar to that of normal subjects. Impaired enterocyte production in nonresponsive coeliac disease may be responsible for the failure to regenerate villi after gluten withdrawal.
Swedish county abandons breast screening
Authors: G. Mciver
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Thousands suffer in China's blizzardsWeeks of severe snowstorms in China have left more than 16 000 herdsmen suffering from frostbite and 9000 with snowblindness, according to officials in the western province of Qinghai.With temperatures plunging below -40°C, so far around 50 people have died in China's worst weather this century.Relief efforts have been hampered by bad weather and the remoteness of the area.The Chinese Society of the Red Cross has been airlifiing food and clothes to stranded com- munities.Chinese army and air force troops and medical teams from local hospitals have also helped the reliefeffort.A Qinghai official said that the province would need 100 mil- lion yuan (JC12m) and up to a decade to recover from the disaster.The blizzards started in October and have affected about 80 000 people in the Yushu Tibetan autonomous region ofQinghai.Also badly hit are regions in neighbouring Sichuan province, where there are many more thou- sands of cases of frostbite and snowblind- ness.Roads in the area are impassable.These areas are all about 3500 m above sea level on the Tibetan plateau, and as an estimated 700 000 yaks and livestock have died, the local population is threatened with starvation.About 60000 people have lost at least 80% of their cattle.
Natural Ventilation for Prevention of Airborne Contagion: Conclusions Overgeneralized
Authors: Hal Levin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

This article and editor's summary give the impression that the tuberculosis infection rate was actually reduced by opening windows [1]. A careful reading of the article clearly states that while ventilation rates were measured, infection rates were merely calculated using the Wells-Riley equation. This is old news. While it is important to take into account the adequacy of the ventilation rate provided by mechanical ventilation systems, the ventilation rate through open windows is a function of window size, number, and location in a room as modified by indoor–outdoor temperature differences and wind direction and velocity.

Not every case will result in the differences observed in the Peruvian hospitals studied. One must be careful not to overgeneralize the results.

A new article, “Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment—A multidisciplinary systematic review” by Yuguo Li et al., is a thorough review of infectious disease transmission and ventilation just published in the February 2007 issue of the journal Indoor Air, the International Journal of Indoor Environment and Health, available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/ina/17/1 [2].
Review of the prescription of domiciliary long term oxygen therapy in Scotland.
Authors: D Morrison, K Skwarski, W MacNee
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Since 1989 long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in Scotland has been prescribable only by respiratory physicians, whereas in England and Wales general practitioners can also prescribe this treatment. The effect of this policy has been audited. METHOD--Six hundred and thirty patients were prescribed LTOT in Scotland between 1 October 1989 and 30 September 1991, of which 519 case notes were reviewed. RESULTS--In 79% of patients the diagnosis was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a near equal male to female ratio. The mean (SD) age was 65 (13) years (range 0.2-90). Sixty percent of patients died during the study period. Compliance with treatment was 14.9 (6.0) hours daily (range 1-24) and in 44% was less than 15 hours daily. Sixty one percent were clinically unstable when assessed and 14% were still smoking. Only 14% of those with COPD fulfilled all of the relative criteria for the prescription of LTOT. Only 56% had a repeated arterial blood gas measurement within 12 months of prescription and 51% of these were taken during a period of clinical instability. Expenditure on oxygen cylinders was six times greater than on oxygen concentrators over this period. CONCLUSIONS--Compliance with LTOT in Scotland, where prescription is the responsibility of respiratory physicians, is similar to other studies and ranges widely. The greatest problem concerning adherence to the guidelines is assessment during clinical instability. The number of deaths suggest that prescription occurs late in the course of the disease. This study highlights the areas where the prescription of LTOT needs to be improved.
Ureteral Injuries
Authors: Charles C. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Ureteral injuries during the course of surgical procedures within the pelvis occur more frequently than presumed. A series of 65 patients with ureteral injuries is reviewed from the standpoint of pathogenesis, prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. The preferable time for repair of the injured ureter is during operation or early in the period of convalescence. The procedure of choice is end-to-end anastomosis of the severed end of the ureter. In instances in which this cannot be accomplished, the ureter should be reimplanted into the bladder. Preoperative insertion of ureteral catheters as a precaution against ureteral injury is of questionable value.
Combined Leukocyte and Bone Imaging Used to Evaluate Diabetic Osteoarthropathy and Osteomyelitis
Authors: GERALD F. SPLITTGERBER, DON R. SPIEGELHOFF, BRIAN P. BUGGY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Six diabetic patents with roentgenographic finding of osteomyelits, osteoarthropathy, or both, had combined leukocyte and bone imaging. Bone images demonstrated increased activity in all cases, including three without osteomyelilis. Leukocyte images, however, showed increased activity in only the three cases of osteomyelitis. There was minimal or no activity in the other three cases where osteoarthropathy was ultimately belleved to be the basis of the roentgenographic and bone imaging changes.
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries.
Authors: M Aurell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Two cases of severe fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries are described in which the diagnosis was made 12 and 11 years after renal angiography had shown the arteries to be normal. The discovery of hypertension preceded the diagnosis by two and 11 years respectively, and in one case hypertension was present at the time of the normal renal angiogram. The report suggests that fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries is acquired and may not be present from birth. The importance of regular review in cases of severe hypertension is emphasised.
Influence of a deficiency of the second component of complement on the bactericidal activity of neutrophils in vitro.
Authors: J E Repine, C C Clawson, P S Friend
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Serum from three patients with a complete, selective deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) did not promote optimal killing of Staphylococcus aureus, 502A by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. The addition of C2 reagent or the presence of heat-stable opsonin in the C2-deficient serum corrected the defective killing of S. aureus that was observed with patient or control PMN. PMN from the patients or control subjects killed bacteria with equal efficiency under conditions of optimal opsonization (normal pooled serum). However, twice-washed control PMN were better than patient PMN in killing S. aureus under circumstances of suboptimal opsonization (C2-deficient serum, heated C2-deficient serum, heated normal pooled serum, or no replacement of serum). The latter finding was due to residual C2 on the surface of twice-washed control cells. As repeated washing of control PMN progressively removed cell-associated C2, the staphylocidal effectiveness of the control RMN decreased to the level of patient PMN. In contrast to the findings with S. aureus, triply-washed PMN from patients or controls killed normal numbers of Escherichia coli, ON2, in C2-deficient serum.
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO REGISTRY-BASED MEASURES SUITABLE FOR CHARACTERIZING HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE ON 30-DAY ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY RATES AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Jeptha P. Curtis, Lori Geary, Yongfei Wang, Jersey Chen, Elizabeth E. Drye, Laura M. Grosso, Geoffrey Schreiner, John A. Spertus, John Rumsfeld, William S. Weintraub, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)