tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GW25-e5229 Robotic Cardiac Surgery in China: 7-year Single-center Experience and Follow-up
Authors: Gao changqing, Changqing Gao, Ming Yang, Cangsong Xiao, Gang Wang, Yang Wu, Jiali Wang, Yao Wang, Rong Wang, Bojun Li, Jiachun Li, Lixia Li, Yue Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Identification of selective inhibitors of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase TTK (Mps1) for treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: G. Zaman, J. de Man, J. Uitdehaag, A. Maia, U. Boon, J.-G. Sterrenburg, M. Prinsen, N. Willemsen-Seegers, J. Jonkers, G. Kops, R. Medema, R. Buijsman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Prince's foundation metamorphoses into new College of Medicine
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new entrant has shouldered its way into the crowded field of medical organisations. The College of Medicine has its origins in the Prince of Wales’s Foundation for Integrated Health, which closed in April this year, but its launch on Thursday 28 October was Hamlet without the prince.

The remit of the new college, which promises to put the “care” back into “healthcare,” is much broader than that of the prince’s foundation. Its president is Graeme Catto, former president of the General Medical Council, and its officers and advisory council include Ian Kennedy (an expert in health law and former chairman of the Healthcare Commission), Nigel Crisp (former chief executive of the NHS), Muir Gray (chief knowledge officer to the NHS), Cyril Chantler (former dean of Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ Medical and Dental Schools), and Ilora Finlay (past president of the Royal Society of Medicine).

Members of its governing council include Sam Everington, an east London general practitioner well known in BMA circles, and Mustafa Djamgoz, professor of cancer biology at Imperial College London, who also chairs the new college’s science council. Anybody tempted to dismiss the College of Medicine as no more …
CaMK4-dependent activation of AKT/mTOR and CREM-α underlies autoimmunity-associated Th17 imbalance
Authors: Tomohiro Koga, Christian M. Hedrich, Masayuki Mizui, Nobuya Yoshida, Kotaro Otomo, Linda A. Lieberman, Thomas Rauen, José C. Crispín, George C. Tsokos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Tissue inflammation in several autoimmune diseases, including SLE and MS, has been linked to an imbalance of IL-17–producing Th (Th17) cells and Tregs; however, the factors that promote Th17-driven autoimmunity are unclear. Here, we present evidence that the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is increased and required during Th17 cell differentiation. Isolation of naive T cells from a murine model of lupus revealed increased levels of CaMK4 following stimulation with Th17-inducing cytokines but not following Treg, Th1, or Th2 induction. Furthermore, naive T cells from mice lacking CaMK4 did not produce IL-17. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of CaMK4 decreased the frequency of IL-17–producing T cells and ameliorated EAE and lupus-like disease in murine models. Inhibition of CaMK4 reduced Il17 transcription through decreased activation of the cAMP response element modulator α (CREM-α) and reduced activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is known to enhance Th17 differentiation. Importantly, silencing CaMK4 in T cells from patients with SLE and healthy individuals inhibited Th17 differentiation through reduction of IL17A and IL17F mRNA. Collectively, our results suggest that CaMK4 inhibition has potential as a therapeutic strategy for Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
Ischemic Colitis in a Young Adult Due to Inferior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis
Authors: R. Brent Archibald, Alan Burnstein, Virgil Knackstedt, Keith Tolman, John Holbrook
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

A thirty-two-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding due to ischemic colitis. Inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis was documented angiographically. No predisposing factors for thrombosis were found. The natural course of the disease was documented with fiberoptic endoscopy. The pathological changes which account for the radiologic alterations were documented.
Abstract LB-27: Develop mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-expressing gliomas using RCAS/tv-a technology
Authors: Youngmi Kim, Nanna Lindberg, Hamid Bolouri, Jeffrey Delrow, Tatsuya Ozawa, Eric Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Malignant brain tumors are the second leading cause of cancer deaths in people under the age of 35, and median survival for glioblastomas, the most aggressive brain tumor, is only 12-14 months. A recent genomewide mutational analysis of glioblastomas discovered that somatic mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) most frequently occur in young glioma patients. A point mutation at codon 132 of IDH1 synthesizes 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which results in the disruption of many enzymatic reactions and alters epigenetics. Although many independent research groups have explored brain tumors expressing mutant IDH1 (muIDH1) and worked toward developing inhibitors for this particular target, the lack of suitable brain tumor models for muIDH1 hinders research progress. Thus, we utilize RCAS/tv-a technology to create muIDH1-expressing murine brain tumors. The preliminary data demonstrates that our murine gliomas express muIDH1, and their molecular profiling is similar to human muIDH1-expressing glioma. We believe that our muIDH1-expressing murine glioma model may benefit many aspects of research: from studying gliomagenesis of muIDH1-expressing gliomas to developing specific targets and performing clinical trials for this glioma subtype. Citation Format: Youngmi Kim, Nanna Lindberg, Hamid Bolouri, Jeffrey Delrow, Tatsuya Ozawa, Eric Holland. Develop mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-expressing gliomas using RCAS/tv-a technology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-27. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-27
Foreign Medical Graduates
Authors: T. Madhavan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the recent editorial by Dr. Hussey (230:590, 1974). As a foreign medical graduate (FMG) and a practicing, teaching internist in a hospital-based practice, I would like to bring the following few lines to the kind consideration of authors like Hussey and those he quotes. None of these authors seems to recognize and appreciate the contributions of FMGs to the academic medicine in this country, especially in teaching, clinical investigation, and basic research. Many American graduates trained in high-ranking institutions did not undertake teaching jobs involving the training of future medical graduates because of the low financial rewards in those positions. Foreign medical graduates, on the other hand, are willing to continue their education and participate in research and in training future physicians both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. This is well exemplified in institutions like Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, Northwestern, and Wayne
Sodium and potassium in essential hypertension.
Authors: A F Lever, C Beretta-Piccoli, J J Brown, D L Davies, R Fraser, J I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A study was carried out of arterial pressure and body content of electrolytes in 91 patients with essential hypertension and 121 normal controls. Exchangeable sodium was found to be positively correlated with arterial pressure in the patients, the correlation being closest in older patients; values of exchangeable sodium were subnormal in young patients; and plasma, exchangeable, and total body potassium correlated inversely with arterial pressure in the patients, the correlations being closest in young patients. Three hypotheses were proposed to explain the mechanisms relating electrolytes and arterial pressure in essential hypertension--namely, a cell-salt hypothesis, a dietary salt hypothesis, and a kidney-salt hypothesis. It was concluded that two mechanisms probably operate in essential hypertension. In the early stages of the disease blood pressure is raised by an abnormal process related more closely to potassium than to sodium. A renal lesion develops later, possibly as a consequence of the hypertension. This lesion is characterised by resetting of pressure natriuresis and is manifest by an abnormal relation between body sodium and arterial pressure and by susceptibility to increased dietary sodium intake.
Politicians need to be open with public about financial constraints of NHS, says its head
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Politicians need to tell the public the truth about the real scope and effects of the changes that the NHS needs to make to become more efficient and effective while living within its means, the head of the NHS, David Nicholson, has said.

Nicholson, who is also chief executive of the nascent NHS Commissioning Board, which will have a key role in the new look NHS, was speaking to delegates at the annual NHS Confederation conference in Manchester on 21 June.

He referred to a speech delivered in 1962 by the then health secretary, Enoch Powell, which became known as the “water tower speech”—an allusion to the forbidding architecture of the Victorian mental asylums—and from which Stephen Dorrell, chairman of the parliamentary health select committee, had quoted extensively in his …
Polymorphisms in xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes and the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in adult Russian patients
Authors: Olga A. Gra, Andrey S. Glotov, Eugene A. Nikitin, Oleg S. Glotov, Viktoria E. Kuznetsova, Alexander V. Chudinov, Andrey B. Sudarikov, Tatyana V. Nasedkina
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Polymorphisms in genes coding xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes are considered as risk factors modifying susceptibility to cancer. We developed a biochip for the analysis of 18 mutations in 10 genes of metabolizing system: CYP1A1 , CYP2D6 , GSTT1 , GSTM1 , MTHFR , MTRR , NQO1, CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 , and NAT2 . Using allele‐specific hybridization on the biochip 76 T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, 83 B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) patients, and 177 healthy donors were tested. Polymorphic CYP1A1 alleles were more frequent in B‐CLL patients relative to normal controls, for example, a combination of polymorphic variants 4887C &gt; A, 4889A &gt; G, and 6235T &gt; C (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.0–3.1). The GSTM1 null genotype was more frequent in NHL patients relative to controls (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.1–3.1). The combination of unfavorable polymorphic CYP1A1 variants and GSTM1 null genotype was found more frequently in B‐CLL patients relative to controls (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.3–4.9). In addition, male B‐CLL patients demonstrated a significantly increased occurrence of heterozygous and homozygous allele * 2 of CYP2C9 gene (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.1–5.2) as well as a combination of alleles * 2 and * 3 of the gene (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.1–3.9). Thus, our findings show the association between polymorphic alleles of CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , and CYP2C9 genes and the risk to develop NHL or B‐CLL. The developed biochip can be considered as a convenient analytical tool for research studies and predictive analysis in oncohematology. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid Adenomas Without Sestamibi Retention
Authors: WILLIAM D. LESLIE, KARL T. RIESE, JACQUELINE D. DUPONT, ANNE E. PETERDY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors describe two patients in whom parathyroid adenomas were successfully localized with a Tc-99m sestamibi/pertechnetate subtraction technique, but who did not exhibit differential sestamibi retention on delayed imaging. Although the frequency of this occurrence is unclear, it suggests that some parathyroid adenomas will be missed if reliance is placed on sestamibi retention alone without simultaneous thyroid imaging.
A Prognosis for Pediatrics
Authors: Robert A. Hoekelman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In a recent issue of the<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>(127:537-558, 1974) a symposium concerning the changing roles and relationships in the provision of child health care appeared, featuring papers by five national leaders in health care planning, education, provision, and evaluation. Their presentations have significant implications for all physicians who provide health care for children, but more for the currently practicing pediatrician than others, since his options to change the direction of his practice are limited. Traditionally, the primary care pediatrician has conducted a high-volume practice in a solo or small partnership arrangement. He has provided preventive services and health maintenance supervision, and has managed acute minor illnesses on an ambulatory basis. Only a small part of his efforts, however, have been spent in the diagnosis and treatment of serious illnesses in the hospital for which most of his postgraduate training prepared him. These problems have increasingly
Death by insecticide
Authors: S. Chatterjee, H. Riaz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

AIMS: To evaluate the ability of histopathologists to sub-classify non-small cell lung carcinomas on bronchial biopsy material using the current World Health Organisation (WHO) classification. METHODS: Twelve histopathologists each reviewed 100 randomly selected bronchial biopsy specimens which had originally been reported as showing non-small cell lung carcinoma. For each case, two sections were circulated, one stained by haematoxylin and eosin and the other by a standard method for mucin (alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff). The participants were allowed to indicate their degree of confidence in their classification of each case. A standard proforma was completed and the results were analysed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Where the participants were confident in their classification, they were actually quite good at sub-classifying the non-small cell carcinoma sections (kappa = 0.71, standard error = 0.058). Overall, however, the results were only fair (kappa = 0.39, standard error = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of non-small cell lung carcinomas can be correctly categorised on adequate bronchial biopsy material. Where a confident diagnosis was made, both squamous carcinoma (kappa = 0.73) and adenocarcinoma (kappa = 0.83) were well recognised.
Quantitation of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: S Blumlein, A Bouchard, N B Schiller, M Dae, B F Byrd, T Ports, E H Botvinick
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The evaluation and care of patients with mitral regurgitation would be facilitated by an easy, reproducible and noninvasive method that could quantitate the hemodynamic burden. In this study, we describe a new Doppler echocardiographic method that measures the regurgitant fraction and we compare it with angiographic and scintigraphic methods. A total of 27 patients with mitral regurgitation were evaluated by echocardiography and either cardiac catheterization or scintigraphy. With two-dimensional echocardiography, diastolic and systolic volumes were measured to derive the left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV). The forward stroke volume (FSV) was obtained from the product of M mode-derived aortic valve area and ascending aortic flow velocity integral assessed by continuous-wave Doppler. Regurgitant fraction was calculated as follows: (LVSV - FSV)/LVSV. Comparisons showed that regurgitant fraction calculated by Doppler echocardiography correlated with regurgitant fraction determined by both cardiac catheterization (r = .82) and by scintigraphy (r = .89). There was, however, an important interobserver variability within each method: 10%, 13%, and 11% for Doppler echocardiography, angiography, and scintigraphy, respectively. In conclusion, Doppler echocardiography can be used to quantitate mitral regurgitation. Serial noninvasive determinations of regurgitant fraction may be useful in the evaluation of therapy and in the follow-up of patients with mitral insufficiency.
Typing of<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>: a review of methods and comparative analysis
Authors: Y. Yu, J. Champer, H. Garbán, J. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Propionibacterium acnes is a major commensal of the human skin. However, it is also the pathogen responsible for acne vulgaris and other diseases, such as medical-device infections. Strains of Propionibacterium acnes have long been classified into several different types. Recently, typing systems for this bacterium have taken on an increased importance as different types of P. acnes have been found to be associated with different disease states, including acne. Genetic approaches based on individual or multiple genes have classified P. acnes into types, which have been supported by the sequencing of nearly 100 P. acnes genomes. These types have distinct genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic differences. Additionally, they may have different immune response profiles. Taken together, these factors may account for the different disease associations of P. acnes types.
Test Characteristics of α-Fetoprotein for Detecting Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis C
Authors: Samir Gupta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Although serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) is often used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected individuals, its utility is unclear. Purpose: To define the test characteristics of AFP for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV. Data Sources: MEDLINE search from 1966 to December 2002 for English- and non–English-language articles examining the test characteristics of AFP for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma. Study Selection: Articles were included if they reported the sensitivity and specificity of AFP for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV. Articles were excluded if the cause of hepatitis was ambiguous or if 50% or more of the study patients did not have HCV. Data Extraction: Relevant articles were evaluated for quality of evidence; test characteristics were abstracted and calculated. Data Synthesis: Five studies met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The overall quality of evidence was limited; only one study universally applied an acceptable gold standard test, and three of five studies used a case–control design that potentially overestimates diagnostic accuracy. By using the most commonly reported cutoff value of a positive test result for hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP level > 20 µg/L), the ranges of test characteristics were as follows: sensitivity, 41% to 65%; specificity, 80% to 94%; positive likelihood ratios, 3.1 to 6.8; and negative likelihood ratios, 0.4 to 0.6. Conclusions: The paucity of high-quality data calls for more rigorous study of AFP and other diagnostic tests for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected patients with an accepted gold standard applied to the entire cohort. Even if the best-case estimates of AFP sensitivity and specificity are accurate, AFP has limited utility for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma.
FRIEDEWALD FORMULA SIGNIFICANTLY UNDERESTIMATES LDL CHOLESTEROL COMPARED TO PREPARATIVE ULTRACENTRIFUGATION BELOW 70 MG/DL LEADING TO OVERESTIMATION OF THE LDL CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION FOR NEW DRUGS IN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Evan A. Stein, Traci Turner, Nan Plunkett, Rong Zhou, Christine Fritz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
TCT-560 Transradial and Transbrachial Arterial Approach for Simultaneous Carotid Angiographic Examination and Stenting Using Catheter Looping and Retrograde Engagement Technique
Authors: Ali Youssef Moustafa, Hsiu-Yu Fang, Yip Hon-Kan, Hisham Hussein, Chiung-Jen Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Thyroid Status Following Prolonged Therapy With Fluoropyrimidines
Authors: Stephen E. Blomgren
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With the development of newer anticancer drugs, such as the fluoropyrimidines, and more effective usage of older drugs alone or in combination, many cancer patients receive repeated courses of therapy with chemotherapeutic compounds for long periods.<sup>1</sup>Acute organ toxicity is generally well studied, but less attention has been given to long-term, cumulative organ toxicity. In the course of treating a large number of patients who have neoplastic disease, several observations led us to investigate the effect of prolonged treatment with fluoropyrimidines on thyroid function. Many patients complained of constipation between courses of therapy, while in others, skin and subcutaneous changes developed which resembled myxedema. <h3>Procedure</h3> We surveyed 13 of our longest-term patients to determine whether hypothyroidism is a significant side effect of prolonged fluoropyrimidine therapy.<sup>2</sup>Ten patients were studied who had received at least 21 courses (27 months or more) of fluorouracil.<sup>1</sup>Three patients treated with floxuridine
The primary response of human gamma/delta + T cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is restricted to V gamma 9-bearing cells.
Authors: D Kabelitz, A Bender, T Prospero, S Wesselborg, O Janssen, K Pechhold
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We have previously reported that peripheral blood gamma/delta + T cells proliferate in high frequency (1 in 2-20) in response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). In the present study, the T cell receptor phenotype of mycobacteria-responsive human gamma/delta + T cells was analyzed in primary cultures with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against V gamma 9, V delta 1, and V delta 2. When unseparated T cells were stimulated with M.tb., all proliferating gamma/delta + T cells expressed V gamma 9 (and V delta 2) after culture. Selective depletion of V gamma 9-bearing cells before culture completely abolished the proliferative response of all gamma/delta + cells (but did not inhibit reactivity of alpha/beta + T cells). In addition, when CD4- CD8- thymocytes were stimulated with M.tb., there was again selective outgrowth of V gamma 9+ cells. In this case, the starting responder population contained few (0.5-1.8%) V gamma 9+ and many (11.5-31.5%) V delta 1+ cells that did not coexpress V gamma 9. These V delta 1+ cells were not activated by M.tb. but could be readily stimulated by anti-V delta 1 mAb A13. Finally, a V gamma 9-specific mAb selectively suppressed the proliferative response of gamma/delta + T cells to M.tb. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, within gamma/delta + T cells, reactivity towards M.tb. is an exclusive property of V gamma 9+/V delta (2+)-bearing cells.
Effect of in vivo administration of an antibody to epidermal growth factor on the rapid increase in DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy in the rat.
Authors: D A Vesey, A C Selden, A C Woodman, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1992)

Recent reports indicate that transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is produced within the liver and acts as the natural ligand of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor causing the EGF receptor down regulation and the hepatocyte proliferation observed after partial hepatectomy. The reported phenomenon that an antibody to EGF inhibits the regenerative response to partial hepatectomy was therefore re-investigated. The IgG fraction of an anti-rat EGF antibody was injected intravenously at the time of partial hepatectomy, and its effects on regenerative DNA synthesis were compared with those of non-immune IgG. Injection of IgG reduced the DNA synthetic response to partial hepatectomy, assessed 24 hours after resection by 3H-thymidine incorporation, but the effects of normal and anti-EGF IgG were not statistically different, despite the presence of excess anti-EGF IgG in the circulation throughout the experimental period. However, anti-EGF IgG could completely block the proliferative response of hepatocytes in culture to EGF. These results support the suggestion that EGF is not the major mediator of hepatocyte DNA synthesis in the early stages of liver regeneration (less than 24 hours).