tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barium Enema Examination in a Patient With Right Lower Quadrant Pain
Authors: Lisa K. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> A 34-year-old man complained of poorly localized periumbilical pain, on the night before admission, which moved to the right lower quadrant. The patient was nauseated but denied vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. The morning of admission, on physical examination, the patient's abdomen was tender in the right lower quadrant. There was no guarding or rigidity, and bowel sounds were normal. The evening after admission, the patient stated that the pain had ceased; on physical examination, the abdomen was no longer tender. A complete blood cell count done the morning of admission showed a hemoglobin level of 14.7 g/dL, hematocrit reading of 43.1%, and 14,300 WBCs per cubic millimeter, with a slight shift to the left. On subsequent blood cell counts obtained that evening and the following morning, the WBC counts dropped to 12,200/cu mm and 10,100/cu mm, respectively. A plain film of the abdomen was normal. Figures 1 and 2
Investigations on women with a single kidney
Authors: B Eton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Systemic RNA interference (RNAi) in <i>C. elegans</i> is dependent on <i>sid-1</i> (Winston<i>et al.</i> 2002), <i>sid-3</i> (Jose<i>et al.</i> 2012) and <i>sid-5</i> (Hinas<i>et al.</i> 2012). After injection, expression, or ingestion, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is transported between cells throughout the animal to enable RNAi in most tissues, including the germline and progeny. Here, we characterize the role of the Sid genes in transport of dsRNA to progeny. We previously reported that dsRNA injected directly in the germline unexpectedly requires <i>sid-1</i> activity in the progeny to initiate RNAi (Winston<i>et al.</i> 2002). We now show that germline injected dsRNA can travel by three independent pathways to silence gene expression in embryos. First, germline injected dsRNA is delivered, presumably by bulk flow, into oocytes and embryos. This means of delivery, which does not require <i>sid-1,</i> is limited by the amount and location of injected dsRNA. Second, maternal <i>sid-1</i> transports extracellular dsRNA into the germline where it can silence maternal deposited mRNAs and segregate to embryos to silence embryonically expressed mRNAs. Third, extracellular dsRNA is also endocytosed into oocytes by the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor superfamily homolog RME-2. The endocytosed dsRNA then requires <i>sid-1</i> and <i>sid-5</i> in embryos to silence embryonically expressed genes. Extracellular fluorescent dsRNA, once endocytosed into oocytes, does not co-localize with VIT2::GFP and it does not require <i>sid-1</i> activity to segregate from the late endocytosis marker GFP::RAB-7 in early embryos. In conclusion, we identify genes and pathways that function redundantly for intergenerational RNA transfer that may represent mechanisms for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Association Between Serum Testosterone Concentration and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Yoshihiro Kitagawa, Naoto Nakamura, Mayuko Kadono, Shinichi Mogami, Chizuko Hirata, Naoko Ichio, Katsuya Wada, Goji Hasegawa, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

There is evidence to suggest that low concentrations of testosterone are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis as well as major cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes.Serum free and total testosterone concentrations were measured in 253 consecutive men with type 2 diabetes. The relationships between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis, determined by ultrasonographically evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score (PS) in a subgroup of 154 diabetic patients, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations, were evaluated.Inverse correlations were found between free testosterone (F-tes) concentration and IMT (r = -0.206, P = 0.0103) and between F-tes concentration and PS (r = -0.334, P < 0.001). The IMT and PS were significantly greater in patients with lower concentrations of F-tes (<10 pg/ml) than in patients with higher concentrations of F-tes (1.01 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.26 mm, P = 0.038; 4.5 +/- 3.8 vs. 2.4 +/- 3.2, P = 0.0003; respectively). An inverse correlation was found between serum F-tes concentration and age (r = -0.420, P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between serum F-tes and total cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.145, P = 0.0238).Serum F-tes concentration is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis determined by ultrasonographically evaluated IMT and PS in men with type 2 diabetes.
LPS-binding protein circulates in association with apoB-containing lipoproteins and enhances endotoxin-LDL/VLDL interaction
Authors: Anita C.E. Vreugdenhil, A.M. Patricia Snoek, Cornelis van ‘t Veer, Jan-Willem M. Greve, Wim A. Buurman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

LPS-binding protein (LBP) and serum lipoproteins cooperate in reducing the toxic properties of LPS. In the present study, we demonstrate that LBP circulates in association with LDL and VLDL in healthy persons. ApoB was found to account at least in part for the interaction of LBP with LDL and VLDL. Although LBP interacted with purified apoA-I in vitro, no association of LBP with apoA-I or HDL was found in serum. Consistent with the observed association of LBP with LDL and VLDL, these lipoproteins also were demonstrated to be the predominant LPS-binding lipoproteins. Most interestingly, the association of LBP with LDL and VLDL strongly enhanced the capacity of these lipoproteins to bind LPS. Because this function of LBP is of utmost importance during infection, the association of LBP and LPS with lipoproteins was also studied in serum from septic patients. In septic serum containing high LBP levels and a markedly altered lipoprotein spectrum, most of the LBP is associated with LDL and VLDL, although some LBP appeared to circulate free from lipoproteins. Also in this serum, LPS was found to bind predominantly to LDL and VLDL. The observed binding of LBP and LPS to LDL and VLDL, as well as the LBP-dependent incorporation of LPS into these lipoproteins, emphasizes a crucial role for circulating LBP-LDL/VLDL complexes in the scavenging of LPS.
Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men
Authors: I. J Perry, S G. Wannamethee, M. K Walker, A G Thomson, P. H Whincup, A G. Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the risk factors for non-insulin dependent diabetes in a cohort representative of middle aged British men. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study. <b>Subjects and setting</b>: 7735 men aged 40-59, drawn from one group practice in each of 24 towns in Britain. Known and probable cases of diabetes at screening (n=158) were excluded. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Non-insulin dependent diabetes (doctor diagnosed) over a mean follow up period of 12.8 years. <b>Results</b>: There were 194 new cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes. Body mass index was the dominant risk factor for diabetes, with an age adjusted relative risk (upper fifth to lower fifth) of 11.6; 95% confidence interval 5.4 to 16.8. Men engaged in moderate levels of physical activity had a substantially reduced risk of diabetes, relative to the physically inactive men, after adjustment for age and body mass index (0.4; 0.2 to 0.7), an association which persisted in full multivariate analysis. A non-linear relation between alcohol intake and diabetes was observed, with the lowest risk among moderate drinkers (16-42 units/week) relative to the baseline group of occasional drinkers (0.6; 0.4 to 1.0). Additional significant predictors of diabetes in multivariate analysis included serum triglyceride concentration, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (inverse association), heart rate, uric acid concentration, and prevalent coronary heart disease. <b>Conclusion</b>: These findings emphasise the interrelations between risk factors for non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease and the potential value of an integrated approach to the prevention of these conditions based on the prevention of obesity and the promotion of physical activity. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This study shows a strong, graded association between body mass index and risk of diabetes in middle aged men, with no evidence of a threshold effect The risk of diabetes is reduced by more than 50% among men who take moderately vigorous exercise Cardiovascular disease risk factors that are linked with insulin resistance, such as hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperuricaemia, predict non-insulin dependent diabetes These findings support an integrated approach to the prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes and cardiovascular disease based on the prevention of obesity and the promotion of physical activity
Exercise Interventions and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes—Reply
Authors: Jorge P. Ribeiro, Beatriz D. Schaan, Daniel Umpierre
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poor health does not preclude a happy life, though it does increase the odds against it
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The first results of the programme to measure national wellbeing in the United Kingdom show that 40% of people who rate their own health as bad or very bad nevertheless also report medium to high levels of satisfaction with life. 

The statisticians from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), which is responsible for the programme,1 were surprised that ill health did not have a greater effect on satisfaction, but there is no denying that good health makes a difference: 80% of people whose health was good or very good reported medium to high levels of life satisfaction, twice the proportion of those whose health was poor.

So far, the nascent programme does not yet allow any deeper explanation of causes, except for a few obvious ones, such as a clear link between unemployment and low life satisfaction.

It remains unclear, for example, why people of black Caribbean or African origin profess the lowest level of life satisfaction of any ethnic group (6.7 of a possible 10, compared with a score of 7.4 for white people), why the people of Rutland and of Bath and north east Somerset are so indecently satisfied …
Molecular Imaging in the Clinical Arena
Authors: Farouc A. Jaffer
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Molecular imaging is an emerging field that aims to integrate patient-specific and disease-specific molecular information with traditional anatomical imaging readouts. The information provided by this field may ultimately allow for noninvasive or minimally invasive molecular diagnostic capabilities, better clinical risk stratification, more optimal selection of disease therapy, and improved assessment of treatment efficacy. In this update, we first provide an overview of clinically relevant molecular imaging technologies and imaging agents. Next, their applications to disease detection, drug discovery, and biomedical research are discussed. To specifically demonstrate the potential of molecular imaging, we highlight recent advances in clinical and preclinical molecular imaging of cancer and atherosclerosis.
CD28-B7 blockade prevents the development of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis
Authors: John Reynolds, Frederick W.K. Tam, Anil Chandraker, Jennifer Smith, Ayman M. Karkar, Jane Cross, Robert Peach, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Charles D. Pusey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG), an animal model of Goodpasture's disease, can be induced in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats by a single injection of rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in adjuvant. EAG is characterized by circulating and deposited anti-GBM antibodies, accompanied by focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of EAG remains unclear. T-cell costimulation is provided by ligation of CD28 with either B7.1 (CD80) or B7.2 (CD86) on antigen-presenting cells, and can be inhibited by a soluble form of CTLA4 (CTLA4-Ig) that binds to both B7.1 and B7.2. We examined the effect of CD28-B7 blockade on the development of EAG using native CTLA4-Ig or mutant CTLA4-Ig (Y100F-Ig), which selectively blocks B7.1. Native CTLA4-Ig treatment ameliorated EAG by several measures, including the levels of circulating anti-GBM antibodies, albuminuria, the deposition of IgG and fibrin in the glomeruli, the severity of glomerular abnormalities, and the numbers of infiltrating T cells and macrophages. Y100F-Ig resulted in a similar reduction in the severity of nephritis, but produced no overall reduction in circulating anti-GBM antibodies, although there was a reduction in IgG2a antibodies. We concluded that CD28-B7 blockade reduced autoantibody production and cellular infiltration of glomeruli, and prevented target organ injury. Our results suggest a key role for B7.1 in costimulation of Th1-like autoimmune responses in the rat, and show that glomerular injury in EAG is largely dependent on cell-mediated mechanisms.
Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations
Authors: Ismail Jatoi
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Does the Consumer Know About Nutrition?
Authors: Howard E. Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Consumers in general show a lack of knowledge about the constitution of well-balanced diets and have an inadequate conception of common food sources of important nutrients. Considerable research data have accumulated over the years to document this conclusion. The Pillsbury Company's Nutritional Base Line Study has also revealed that the average housewife does not believe her family has a problem with nutrition. In my group's surveys, involving a wide range of research approaches, 80% to 90% of women reported that, in their judgments, their families obtain nutritionally adequate meals. But the homemaker's definition of a nutritionally balanced meal is actually poor. In a number of studies, consumers were asked to describe a nutritionally balanced meal; only about 50% came reasonably close. Thirty or forty percent leave out one or more of the basic foods that should be in a menu. Even for foods that have been well advertised as having
Puerperal Fever With Haemophilus vaginalis Septicemia
Authors: Claude Regamey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A small gram-negative pleomorphic rod identified as<i>Haemophilus vaginalis</i>was isolated simultaneously from the blood and the endometrium of an 18-year-old woman with puerperal fever 72 hours after rupture of the membranes and 30 hours after an uncomplicated cesarean section. This organism is fastidious in its growth requirements and slow growing; it can easily be missed in the laboratory.<i>Haemophilus vaginalis</i>is a controversial pathogen of low virulence and has been found mainly in vaginitis. It may be a causative organism of puerperal fever.
Donor selection for natural killer cell receptor genes leads to superior survival after unrelated transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Sarah Cooley, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, John P. Klein, Tao Wang, Chap T. Le, Steven G. E. Marsh, Daniel Geraghty, Stephen Spellman, Michael D. Haagenson, Martha Ladner, Elizabeth Trachtenberg, Peter Parham, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2010)
Humor Plus Humility Equals Humaneness
Authors: Harold Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

At this your final and finest hour, the joy and satisfaction which you and we share on arriving at our common goal is muted by the sadness that we share at parting. We unabashedly express pride and confidence in you and in our achievement —the more so since together we weathered the adversity and trials imposed by an outmoded, inadequate physical plant. But there is more to a medical school than buildings. I remind you of Sir William Osler's comment to the medical students at the University of Toronto: "The greatness of a school lies in brains, not in bricks." Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes' international renown was not dimmed by the old and rickety structure in which he taught anatomy. In his farewell address at Harvard Medical School, he could have been referring to our Hall A when he said: I am grateful to the roof which has sheltered me,
Combined Radiation and Chemotherapy
Authors: Howard B. Latourette, Richard L. Lawton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Twenty-four patients with advanced malignant neoplasms were treated with concomitant regional chemotherapy and vigorous radiation therapy. The regional chemotherapy consisted of continuous intra-arterial infusion using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) over periods of time up to two weeks. CO 60 teletherapy to high dose levels was also given. The numerous variables influencing the natural history of the neoplasms is discussed and the survival experience of the patients presented. There are interesting similarities between chemo- and radiation therapy and the possible combinations of them, perhaps even with subsequent surgery when necessary, are intriguing and warrant further study.
Necrotizing vasculitis: a circulating immune complex producing inflammatory skin lesions
Authors: J. VERRIER JONES, R.H. CUMMING, C.M. ASPLIN, R.R.M. HARMAN, C.R. TRIB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A patient with acute necrotizing vasculitis is described in whom tests for circulating immune complexes were negative. The patient's serum injected intradermally produced lesions which closely resembled those occurring spontaneously. When the serum was fractionated, the skin-reactive fraction was found to be associated with IgG, but was of a higher molecular weight than normal IgG. Immunofluorescent studies showed that lesions induced by this active fraction contained IgG and complement in the epidermal basement membrane zone and within the small dermal vessels. We conclude that an immune complex of relatively low molecular weight is present in the active fractions, and capable of initiating the lesions of acute necrotizing vasculitis.
Predicting Ejection Fraction after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dawood Darbar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 May 1995Predicting Ejection Fraction after Myocardial InfarctionDawood Darbar, Anna-Maria J. Choy, and Allan D. StruthersDawood DarbarSearch for more papers by this author, Anna-Maria J. ChoySearch for more papers by this author, and Allan D. StruthersSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Silver and colleagues [1] have derived a clinical rule that identifies patients who have preserved left ventricular systolic function after myocardial infarction. The validity of this rule must be tested in other patient populations. We have now validated this prediction rule in an unselected group of patients in the United Kingdom.Our study entailed a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of 75 randomly selected patients admitted to our coronary care unit [2]. Study patients who survived the first 2 days after an acute myocardial infarction had transthoracic echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, or both to measure the ...References1. Silver MT, Rose GA, Paul SD, O'Donnell CJ, O'Gara PT, Eagle KA. A clinical rule to predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:750-6. Google Scholar2. Choy AM, Darbar D, Lang CC, Pringle TH, McNeill GP, Kennedy SJ, et al. Detection of left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction: comparison of clinical, echocardiographic and neurohormonal methods. Br Heart J. 1994; 72:16-22. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dawood Darbar; Anna-Maria J. Choy; Allan D. StruthersAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 9Page: 729-730KeywordsCohort studiesInfarctionLeft bundle branch blockLeft ventricular ejection fractionMortalityMyocardial infarctionPatientsPopulation statisticsPositive predictive valueRetrospective studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Early organogenesis of human small intestine: scanning electron microscopy and brush border enzymology.
Authors: B Lacroix, M Kedinger, P Simon-Assmann, K Haffen
Journal: Gut (1984)

Human small bowel early organogenesis was studied by scanning electron microscopy and found to be correlated to brush border enzymology. The appearance of the brush border enzymes sucrase, lactase, and aminopeptidase (measured in a purified apical membrane fraction) coincides with the first outgrowth of villi (eight weeks). Alkaline phosphatase was detected at seven weeks. The content of these enzymes furthermore increased up to the 14th week when both sucrase and aminopeptidase activities were comparable with adult values.