tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting guidelines for pharmacoepidemiological studies are urgently needed
Authors: M. Etminan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Tan and colleagues discuss factors that contribute to inconsistent information on drug adverse reactions but do not mention the lack of reporting guidelines for pharmacoepidemiological studies.1

Most medical journals require authors to complete checklists that are shortened versions of reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT (randomised trials), PRIMSA (systematic reviews), and …
Thyroid Supplements and Breast Cancer
Authors: F. S. Ashkar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Kapdi and Wolfe reported that 5,505 patients were referred for mammography; 380 (6.9%) were found to have carcinoma of the breast, and 22.6% of these breast carcinoma patients were receiving thyroid supplements for hypothyroidism or for simple goiter. They also reported that the incidence of breast cancer in patients receiving thyroid supplements for hypothyroidism is almost twice that of patients in the control group, who did not receive thyroid medication.  We reviewed the records of breast carcinoma patients at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami for a two-year period (April 1974 to April 1976) and found 222 patients with documented breast carcinoma. Only two of these patients (0.9%) were hypothyroid and receiving thyroid hormone supplements.  This low incidence (0.9%) in Miami is substantially different from the 22.6% incidence reported by Kapdi and Wolfe in Detroit, which leads us to believe that the problem is more complicated than stated
The effects of combined gentamicin–hydroxyapatite coating for cementless joint prostheses on the reduction of infection rates in a rabbit infection prophylaxis model
Authors: V ALT, A BITSCHNAU, J OSTERLING, A SEWING, C MEYER, R KRAUS, S MEISSNER, S WENISCH, E DOMANN, R SCHNETTLER
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
The prevalence of and factors associated with chronic atrial fibrillation in Medicare/Medicaid-eligible dialysis patients
Authors: James B. Wetmore, Jonathan D. Mahnken, Sally K. Rigler, Edward F. Ellerbeck, Purna Mukhopadhyay, John A. Spertus, Qingjiang Hou, Theresa I. Shireman
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Immunosuppression in islet transplantation
Authors: Tom Van Belle, Matthias von Herrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Islet transplantation can temporarily cure type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but requires simultaneous immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection. In this issue of the JCI, Monti et al. report that immune conditioning via use of the Edmonton protocol - a treatment approach in which T1DM patients infused with pancreatic islets from multiple cadaveric donors simultaneously receive immunosuppressive drugs - results in lymphopenia that is associated with elevated serum levels of the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15, which causes in vivo expansion of the autoreactive CD8(+) T cell population (see the related article beginning on page 1806). Reemergence of autoreactivity is likely the main culprit underlying long-term islet graft failure, and new strategies will need to be tested to circumvent this homeostatic expansion and recurrent autoreactivity.
Real-time and integrated measurement of potential human exposure to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aircraft exhaust.
Authors: J W Childers, C L Witherspoon, L B Smith, J D Pleil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We used real-time monitors and low-volume air samplers to measure the potential human exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations during various flight-related and ground-support activities of C-130H aircraft at an Air National Guard base. We used three types of photoelectric aerosol sensors (PASs) to measure real-time concentrations of particle-bound PAHs in a break room, downwind from a C-130H aircraft during a four-engine run-up test, in a maintenance hangar, in a C-130H aircraft cargo bay during cargo-drop training, downwind from aerospace ground equipment (AGE), and in a C-130H aircraft cargo bay during engine running on/off (ERO) loading and backup exercises. Two low-volume air samplers were collocated with the real-time monitors for all monitoring events except those in the break room and during in-flight activities. Total PAH concentrations in the integrated-air samples followed a general trend: downwind from two AGE units > ERO-loading exercise > four-engine run-up test > maintenance hangar during taxi and takeoff > background measurements in maintenance hangar. Each PAH profile was dominated by naphthalene, the alkyl-substituted naphthalenes, and other PAHs expected to be in the vapor phase. We also found particle-bound PAHs, such as fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in some of the sample extracts. During flight-related exercises, total PAH concentrations in the integrated-air samples were 10-25 times higher than those commonly found in ambient air. Real-time monitor mean responses generally followed the integrated-air sample trends. These monitors provided a semiquantitative temporal profile of ambient PAH concentrations and showed that PAH concentrations can fluctuate rapidly from a baseline level < 20 to > 4,000 ng/m(3) during flight-related activities. Small handheld models of the PAS monitors exhibited potential for assessing incidental personal exposure to particle-bound PAHs in engine exhaust and for serving as a real-time dosimeter to indicate when respiratory protection is advisable.
Abatement of Psoriasis and Repeated Dialysis
Authors: ZBYLUT J. TWARDOWSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 April 1977Abatement of Psoriasis and Repeated DialysisZBYLUT J. TWARDOWSKI, M.D.ZBYLUT J. TWARDOWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-509_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently, a single case was reported of complete clearance of psoriasis after three hemodialyses for the treatment of chronic renal failure (MCEVOY J, KELLY AMT: Psoriatic clearance during hemodialysis. Ulster Med J 45:76-78, 1976). The authors proposed that some unidentified psoriatic factor not excreted effectively by normal kidneys was removed by its adhesion to the dialysis membrane.This prompts me to describe similar observations I made during my work in the Hospital for Miners; Bytom, Poland. In 1969, I saw a 40-year-old white woman with end-stage kidney disease and a history of psoriasis for 20 years. She... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Missouri Medical Center - Columbia School of Medicine Columbia, MO 65201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySystemic aspects of psoriasisThe use of peritoneal dialysis in special situationsNonuremic Uses for DialysisThe use of peritoneal dialysis in special situationsPractical Use of Peritoneal DialysisHaemodialysis: A Historical ReviewExtracorporeal systems for the treatment of psoriasisPlasma exchange and leukapheresis in psoriasis ? no effect?Autointoxication revisitedHemodialysis in the treatment of a group of schizophrenic patientsPeritoneal Dialysis for Psoriasis: A Controlled StudyFREDERICK C. WHITTIER, M.D., DAN H. EVANS, M.D., PHILIP C. ANDERSON, M.D., KARL D. NOLPH, M.D.Haemodialysis: A Historical ReviewPrinciples of Dialysis.Hemofiltration treatment of psoriasisHemodialysis Therapy for PsoriasisDialysis for psoriasis —Preliminary remarks concerning mode of actionDialysis for PsoriasisAdvances in the use of therapeutic pheresis for the management of rheumatic diseasesHemodialysis in the Treatment of Psoriasis A Controlled TrialALLEN R. NISSENSON, M.D., MARVIN RAPAPORT, M.D., ARTHUR GORDON, M.D., ROBERT G. NARINS, M.D.Dialysis and PsoriasisHELMUT GRAF, M.D., AXEL WOLF, M.D., HANS KRISTER STUMMVOLL, M.D.Clearing of psoriasis after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation: a corollary to clearance after dialysis?Dialysis and PsoriasisLARKIN M. WILSON, M.D.In Search of “Psoriasis Factor(s)“: A New Approach by Extracorporeal TreatmentPeritoneal Dialysis for Psoriasis An Uncontrolled StudyZ. J. TWARDOWSKI, M.D., K. D. NOLPH, M.D., J. RUBIN, M.D., P. C. ANDERSON, M.D. 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 509-510KeywordsKidneysMedical dialysisPsoriasisRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2974: Regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 7 through a phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase/PKC-ι mediated cell proliferation cascade
Authors: Shraddha Desai, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PKC-ι is highly over expressed in the transformed phenotype of human glioma and benign and malignant meningioma however little is understood about its role in glioma cell proliferation. Several upstream molecular aberrations and/or loss of PTEN have been implicated that lead to constitutive activation in phosphotidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway. PKC-ι is one of the important downstream targeted mediators which are often up regulated by PI3-kinase. Cyclin dependent kinase activating kinase (CAK) which comprises of cyclin dependent kinase 7 (Cdk7), cyclin H and MAT1, is the master cell regulator which phosphorylates cyclin dependent kinases (cdks) and promotes cell proliferation. We studied a potential function of PKC-ι in cell cycle progression and proliferation in two human glial tumor derived cells T98G and U87MG. Results show that PKC-ι directly associate and phosphorylate Cdk7 at Thr-170, which is required for Cdk activation and G1/S cell cycle transition. Furthermore, Cdk7 phosphorylated its downstream target, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) at Thr-160. Purified PKC-ι was also observed to phosphorylate endogenous as well as exogenous Cdk7. PKC-ι knockdown with silencing RNA (siRNA) as well as PI3-kinase inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002 treatment exhibited corresponding reduction in phosphorylation of Cdk7 and subsequently cdk2. Collectively, these findings suggest presence of a novel PI3-kinase/PKC-ι/Cdk7/cdk2 cell proliferation pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2974
Adults who survived repair of congenital oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula.
Authors: P. Chetcuti, N. A. Myers, P. D. Phelan, S. W. Beasley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

One hundred and twenty five adults who were born before 1969 with oesophageal atresia or tracheo-oesophageal fistula or both and were managed at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, were reviewed. Most enjoyed a normal life. Though over half had difficulties in swallowing and symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, the symptoms occurred only occasionally and were regarded as inconsequential by most. One third of the patients had wheeze and a quarter had at least one episode of bronchitis a year, but these interfered little with daily activities. Overall, these results are encouraging for young patients with oesophageal atresia and their families.
High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Bernard D. Clifford, Daniel Donahue, Lynda Smith, Edward Cable, Brigit Luttig, Michael Manns, Herbert L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The advent of specific antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C has increased the importance of establishing the correct etiology of chronic hepatitis in patients, especially because interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) has been reported to exacerbate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), whereas corticosteroids increase viral replication in chronic hepatitis C. In our medical center, we have treated many patients with apparent chronic hepatitis C and serological or clinical evidence of autoimmunity. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of this association and to learn whether demographic or clinical features distinguished between patients with or without autoimmune markers. We performed a retrospective review of the records of 244 unselected patients seen at the Clinics and Hospital of the University of Massachusetts between May 1991 and November 1993, who had elevated serum aminotransferases. One hundred seventeen patients had chronic hepatitis C defined by elevations of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) for at least 6 months, positive serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV; second-generation enzyme immunoassay [EIA2] or recombinant immunoblot assay [RIBA]), and absence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. Records were reviewed for results of autoimmune markers in sera, including anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMAs), rheumatoid factor (RF), antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), anti-liver and kidney microsomal (LKM) antibodies, and cryoglobulins. We found a high prevalence of positivity, particularly for anti-SMAs (66%) and RF (76%) in both men and women. Forty of 41 patients tested negative for anti-LKM antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Process Studies on Anxiety and Aggressiveness Affects in the Inpatient Therapy of Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Klaus Engel, Iris Meier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Under the assumption of affect defense (alexithymia), 20 anorexia nervosa patients being treated in the University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf were examined with respect to their affects of anxiety and aggressivity by employing speech samples (three times a week) – according to Gottschalk-Gleser – and questionnaires (ANIS) during hospitalization and compared to 10 control patients from somatic clinics (orthopedics, surgery, gynecology). Particular attention was given to emotional responses toward events during the inpatient period. The most important result found was the distinct affectivity in the anorexia patients, which was partly stronger than that of the somatic control patients, so that judging from our anorexia nervosa sample the hypothesis of alexithymia will have to be renewed and requires a more differentiated discussion.
Health of indigenous peoples
Authors: C. Cunningham
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Health systems must recognise culture and protect rights as well as needs

The health of the world’s 350 million indigenous peoples continues to show that Western orthodoxy about health cannot be generalised. Although the health of many of these peoples has improved alongside advances in medicine, even in developed countries the health of indigenous peoples still falls short of the standards of other citizens. With the exception of rare and sometimes familial diseases, no systematic biological, physiological, or genetic causes for these persistent disadvantages seem to exist.1

In spite of its 240 page length, the recently published United Nations’ report on the state of the world’s indigenous peoples provides a brief, contemporary, and cogent overview of indigenous peoples today.2 Ironically, it does not use any of the 7000 indigenous languages, but it does speak in terms once considered radical and now considered rational.

The state of indigenous peoples’ health continues to cause concern. Poverty, conflict, dislocation, and powerlessness affect many of the world’s indigenous peoples, manifesting themselves in high rates of maternal and …
A missense mutation in ABCB4 gene involved in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 leads to a folding defect that can be rescued by low temperature
Authors: Jean-Louis Delaunay, Anne-Marie Durand-Schneider, Danièle Delautier, Alegna Rada, Julien Gautherot, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Tounsia Aït-Slimane, Michèle Maurice
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a rare liver disease characterized by early onset of cholestasis that leads to cirrhosis and liver failure before adulthood. PFIC3 may be improved by chronic administration of ursodeoxycholic acid, although in many cases liver transplantation is the only therapy. The disease is caused by mutations of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette, sub-family B, member 4 ( ABCB4 ) [multidrug resistance 3 ( MDR3 )] gene encoding a specific hepatocellular canalicular transporter involved in biliary phosphatidylcholine secretion. Several mutations have been reported; however, the effect of individual mutations has not been investigated. ABCB4 is highly homologous to ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1 (ABCB1) (MDR1), the multidrug transporter responsible for drug resistance of cancer cells. We have studied the effect of mutation I541F localized to the first nucleotide-binding domain, which is highly conserved between ABCB4 and ABCB1. Plasmids encoding the wild-type human ABCB4 or rat ABCB1–green fluorescing protein (GFP) construct, and corresponding I541F-mutants, were expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, human (HepG2) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Expression studies showed that ABCB4 was localized at the bile canalicular membrane in HepG2 cells and at the apical surface in MDCK cells, whereas the I541F mutant was intracellular. In MDCK cells, ABCB1-I541F also accumulated intracellularly in compartments, which were identified as the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi, and remained partially endoH-sensitive. After shifting cells to 27°C, ABCB1-I541F was expressed at the apical cell surface in a mature and active form. Similarly, ABCB4 was significantly trafficked to the membrane of bile canaliculi in HepG2 cells. Conclusion : Mutation I541F causes mislocalization of both ABCB4 and ABCB1. Intracellular retention of ABCB4-I541F can explain the disease in PFIC3 patients bearing this mutation. The observation that plasma membrane expression and activity can be rescued by low temperature opens perspectives to develop novel therapies for the treatment of PFIC3. (Hepatology 2009.)
Reciprocating tachycardia using bilateral anomalous pathways: electrophysiologic and clinical implications.
Authors: J Cinca, V Valle, L Gutierrez, J Figueras, J Rius
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A patient who had disabling supraventricular tachycardia showed electrophysiologic evidence of coexistent right and left Kent bundles. The supraventricular tachycardia was accelerated by sequential antegrade and retrograde conduction over the right and left Kent bundles, respectively. Spontaneous blocking of the conduction through the right Kent bundle was associated with a slowing of the tachycardia and with the appearance of right bundle branch block (RBBB). Antegrade conduction was through the left bundle branch and was followed by an early retrograde atrial activation through the left Kent bundle, with consequent shortening of the ventriculoatrial (VA) interval. Thus, the coexistence of bilateral Kent bundles can be suspected whenever shortening of the VA interval in external electrocardiographic recordings occurs in the presence of a tachycardia with a RBBB pattern in a patient with right-sided preexcitation. Our data also showed that bilateral accessory pathways may have different electrophysiologic properties and that unequal response to antiarrhythmic drugs may be expected.
Patterns of BCR/ABL gene rearrangements by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in BCR/ABL+ leukemias: incidence and underlying genetic abnormalities
Authors: D Primo, M D Tabernero, A Rasillo, J M Sayagués, A B Espinosa, M C Chillón, R Garcia-Sanz, N Gutierrez, M Giralt, A Hagemeijer, J F San Miguel, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine
Authors: John P DiFiori, Holly J Benjamin, Joel S Brenner, Andrew Gregory, Neeru Jayanthi, Greg L Landry, Anthony Luke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

### Background

Youth sport participation offers many benefits including the development of self-esteem, peer socialisation and general fitness. However, an emphasis on competitive success, often driven by goals of elite-level travel team selection, collegiate scholarships, Olympic and National team membership and even professional contracts, has seemingly become widespread. This has resulted in an increased pressure to begin high-intensity training at young ages. Such an excessive focus on early intensive training and competition at young ages rather than skill development can lead to overuse injury and burnout.

### Purpose

To provide a systematic, evidenced-based review that will (1) assist clinicians in recognising young athletes at risk for overuse injuries and burnout; (2)delineate the risk factors and injuries that are unique to the skeletally immature young athlete; (3) describe specific high-risk overuse injuries that present management challenges and/or can lead to long-term health consequences; (4) summarise the risk factors and symptoms associated with burnout in young athletes; (5)provide recommendations on overuse injury prevention.

### Methodology

Medical Subject Headings (MeSHs) and text words were searched on 26 March 2012 from MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The search yielded 953 unique articles. Additional articles were found using cross-referencing. The process was repeated on 10 July 2013 to review any new articles since the original search. Screening by the authors yielded a total of 208 relevant sources that were used for this article. Recommendations were classified using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) grading system.

### Definition of overuse injury

Overuse injuries occur due to repetitive submaximal loading of the musculoskeletal system when rest is not adequate to allow for structural adaptation to take place. Injury can involve the muscle-tendon unit, bone, bursa, neurovascular structures and the physis. Overuse injuries unique to young athletes include apophyseal injuries and physeal stress injuries.

### Epidemiology

It is estimated that 27 million US youth between 6 and 18 years of age participate in …
The first ascent of Mount Everest.
Authors: M Ward
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The first survey of the Everest region was carried out by Chinese surveyors between 1708 and 1716 in the course of compiling a map of the whole Chinese empire.Drawn by Jesuits in Peking, this map was published in 1718 and formed the basis of one of the earliest European maps of China, D'Anville's Nouveau adas de Chine, published 20 years later in 1737.The Tibetan name for Everest, Chomolungma, which appears on this map, had been given to the mountain about a thousand years earlier by the inhabitants of the Rongbuk valley, at the head ofwhich Everest lies.As access to the Himalaya was forbidden the Euro- pean "discovery" of Everest as the highest mountain in the world occurred in 1848 during a routine survey from the plains of India.The name Everest was given to peak XV to commemorate a distinguished former director of the Indian survey, Sir George Everest, because no local name could be discovered.'The survey at that time did not know of the Tibetan name Chomolungma, nor did the Tibetans or the Chinese know that it was the world's highest peak.The Nepalese name Sagarmatha was given to the mountain at a later date.
Some Remarks upon Ergot
Authors: C. B. Plowright
Journal: BMJ (1886)

I 97It is now two years since that small operation was performed, and since then his bladder has been in a state of chronic inflammation, and his urine, as it passes from the bladder, is found, under the micro- scope, to be loaded with organisms, and these can be seen in the pus and epithelial scales which come from the bladder.He has suffered frequently from swollen testicles, without fresh gonorrhmal infection, and has constant rheumatic pains in his lumbar region.Although