tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukemia inhibitory factor is expressed in cartilage and synovium and can contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Authors: M Lotz, T Moats, P M Villiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

This study reports on leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in human articular connective tissues. Biologically active LIF is present in synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthritis and at higher titers in samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cultured human synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes produced biologically active LIF and synthesized and secreted LIF proteins that migrated in SDS PAGE at approximately 43 kD. This was increased after stimulation with IL-1 beta. Chondrocytes in serum-containing cultures expressed the 4.2-kb LIF mRNA. IL-1 beta, LPS, and to a lesser extent tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced LIF gene expression. LIF autoinduced its mRNA and this provides evidence for an effect of this cytokine on function of joint tissue cells. Among a series of growth factors tested, transforming growth factor (TGF beta), including the isoforms TGF-beta1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor induced this cytokine gene but differed with respect to the duration of their effects. Cultured synoviocytes expressed the LIF gene in response to the same set of peptide regulatory factors. Analysis of signal transduction pathways showed that PMA increased LIF mRNA, whereas calcium ionophore and cAMP had no detectable effects. Cycloheximide was a potent LIF mRNA inducer and dexamethasone inhibited LIF induced by PMA or IL-1 beta. Cartilage organ cultures and synovial tissues stimulated with IL-1 expressed high levels of LIF mRNA as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. These results identify LIF as a new cytokine that is produced by joint tissue cells and is overexpressed in arthritis. The induction of this cytokine by factors that are present during joint inflammation and the effects of LIF on connective tissue cells suggest that LIF is a mediator that can contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Reducing community dyspepsia drug costs: a controlled trial
Authors: R M Valori
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Dyspepsia drug costs account for nearly 0.5% of the National Health Service budget. We hypothesised that improved management of dyspepsia would lead to reduced drug costs. <h3>AIM</h3> To determine whether a multifaceted educational strategy for general practitioners aimed at improving quality of dyspepsia management can control dyspepsia costs without increasing demand for endoscopy. <h3>METHODS</h3> A multifaceted educational intervention was delivered to general practitioners in West Gloucestershire but not to those in the east of the county. Dyspepsia drug costs, the primary outcome measure, were obtained from the Prescription Pricing Authority and compared between the two sides of the county. Referral rates for endoscopy, admission to the gastrointestinal bleed unit, and delayed diagnosis of gastric cancer were secondary measures recorded in West Gloucestershire only. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Following the intervention, drug costs declined and then stabilised in West Gloucestershire. Drug costs peaked in the control group 15 months after those in the intervention group. Using an autoregressive integrated moving average model it was estimated the overall costs in the intervention group reduced by 57.9 pence per head of population per half year (95% confidence interval 45.8–69.9 pence/half year; p&lt;0.0001) in comparison with the control group. This difference was maintained for three consecutive years resulting in a cumulative saving of £1.13 million. Referral rates for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy remained stable during the study period. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> A multifaceted educational intervention for general practitioners designed to improve the quality of care of patients with dyspepsia is an effective means of controlling dyspepsia drug costs without increasing demand for endoscopy.
Re: Hans-Martin Fritsche, Maximilian Burger, Robert S. Svatek, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Clinical T1 Grade 3 Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Cystectomy: Results from an International Cohort. Eur Urol 2010;57:300–9
Authors: Anton Ponholzer, Stephan Madersbacher
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Silk sutures in the common bile duct.
Authors: J M Anderson, L H Blumgart
Journal: BMJ (1978)

primary iron storage disease studied here this patient did demonstrate a very slow-moving iron-binding compound on polyacrylamide gels after incubation with ;9Fe.(3) Our choice of the word "abnormal" was unwise as we meant to indicate that the tumour ferritin was different from hepatic ferritin rather than implying a demonstrated functional abnormality.Unfortunately, further studies could not be carried out on this patient but the presence of the tumour ferritin and secondary siderosis (histologically) seemed to warrant the speculation.
24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Control with Maximum Medical Therapy Compared with Surgery in Patients with Advanced Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Anastasios G.P. Konstas, Fotis Topouzis, Orea Leliopoulou, Theofanis Pappas, Nikolaos Georgiadis, Jessica N. Jenkins, William C. Stewart
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Professors call for review of way cancer drugs in NHS are rationed
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has defended the way it decides which drugs should be funded by the NHS in England, after a group of 26 eminent oncologists from England and Scotland criticised its methods. They called for “a radical change in how the NHS makes rationing decisions for cancer.”

In a letter to the Sunday Times on 24 August (www.timesonline.co.uk, “Cancer drugs due a review”) the oncologists, headed by Karol Sikora, professor of cancer medicine at Imperial College London, called on NICE to get its “sums right.” 

They were …
WHO Considers Regulating Ads, Sale of Medical Products on Internet
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE INTERNET, like the air, is owned by no country and is being harmfully polluted by many. Health authorities in the United States and internationally have been growing concerned about the use of the Net to promote and sell fraudulent or illegal medical products across national borders. In response to complaints from Belgium and other countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an ad hoc working group to develop recommendations to help curb the escalating use of the Internet by promoters of health fraud and marketers of illegal drugs. The group met at WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in September, and the director-general will report its findings and recommendations to WHO's executive board in January and to the World Health Assembly meeting in May. The report, entitled<i>Cross-Border Advertising, Promotion, and Sale of Medical Products Through the Internet</i>, warns that the confidence and safety of the public are being undermined
CALCIUM CARBONATE IN GASTRIC ULCER
Authors: Warren Wooden
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —Apropos of the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer by the use of calcium carbonate, ably sponsored by Loevenhart and Crandall inThe Journal, May 14, it is of historical interest to note the routine employment of this drug in the treatment of ulcer nearly a century ago (1829) by Cruveilhier, who, according to Hemmeter, was the first to describe clearly and distinguish pathologically this condition. In the Guide du medecin praticien, published by Valleix in 1853, page 564, this distinguished physician of L'Hopital de La Pitie cites and recommends the treatment of Cruveilhier and likewise that of Rokitanski, published in 1839, in both of which calcium carbonate (l'eau de chaux) is administered two or three times daily as an adjunct to a milk diet.  In support of Loevenhart and Crandall's intolerance of adherence to a fixed ratio of drugs as in the Sippy program, the summarizing paragraph of
Nifedipine for Hypertensive Emergencies
Authors: Stephen R. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Grossman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>regarding the 1985 review by the Cardiorenal Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of sublingual nifedipine is food for thought, but does little to convince the reader that this medication does not have a place in modern-day pharmacotherapy. If one considers the presented review of antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine and examines the references pertaining to efficacy, it is evident that 21 of these references were published after 1985. This raises the question, if the FDA had this information in 1985, would it have come to a different conclusion concerning shortacting nifedipine use in hypertensive emergencies? Beyond encouraging discontinuation of the sublingual dosing method for nifedipine, the value of the article by Grossman et al appears to be its review of patient risk factors for developing a hypotensive episode with nifedipine. It would be prudent to avoid using short-acting nifedipine
Loci on 20q13 and 21q22 are associated with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Subra Kugathasan, Robert N Baldassano, Jonathan P Bradfield, Patrick M A Sleiman, Marcin Imielinski, Stephen L Guthery, Salvatore Cucchiara, Cecilia E Kim, Edward C Frackelton, Kiran Annaiah, Joseph T Glessner, Erin Santa, Tara Willson, Andrew W Eckert, Erin Bonkowski, Julie L Shaner, Ryan M Smith, F George Otieno, Nicholas Peterson, Debra J Abrams, Rosetta M Chiavacci, Robert Grundmeier, Petar Mamula, Gitit Tomer, David A Piccoli, Dimitri S Monos, Vito Annese, Lee A Denson, Struan F A Grant, Hakon Hakonarson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Lipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with sarcoidosis.
Authors: R B Low, G S Davis, D Y Bell, M S Giancola, P M Vacek
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The recovery of protein and two specific surfactant lipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is altered in chronic and acute non-granulomatous interstitial lung disease. This study set out to determine whether the same is true for patients with sarcoidosis. The median value for recovery of protein from lavage fluid was significantly higher in 21 patients with sarcoidosis than in 19 normal subjects (18 v 11 mg), while the median value for phospholipid recovery was significantly lower (4 v 1.7 mg). There were no changes in the proportions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. In addition, significantly less of the neutral lipid, cholesterol, was recovered (3.2 v 1.5 mg). The combined values of three biochemical measurements, non-phospholipid polar lipid, non-polar lipid, and protein, correctly classified all 40 subjects in our series; in a further group of nine normal subjects and 11 patients with sarcoidosis it allowed all but one normal subject to be classified correctly. These results are discussed in terms of alterations in epithelial cell function in interstitial disease.
IMPACTS OF AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT WITH STATIN ON CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AMONG PATIENTS WHOSE LDL-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION WITHIN NORMAL RANGE: RESULTS FROM ICAS REGISTRY
Authors: Emi Nakano, Tomoko Ishizu, Yoshihiro Seo, Akira Sato, Tomoya Hoshi, Kazutaka Aonuma, Tomoo Harada, Fumihiko Miyake, Hidekazu Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients With Stable and Unstable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: David A. Morrow
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Heart Association estimates that 1 in 3 American adults have cardiovascular (CV) disease, including 16.8 million individuals with ischemic heart disease, 8 million individuals with peripheral arterial disease, and 6.5 million individuals with ischemic stroke. 1 In 2005, CV disease accounted for 35% of all deaths in the United States.Given the high prevalence of CV disease and its associated morbidity and mortality, prevention of recurrent events in patients with established CV disease is a major public health objective.A fundamental tenet of preventive medicine is to initiate interventions appropriate to the level of risk for the individual.Therefore, risk assessment is an inextricable component of preventive care.This review is focused on tools for risk assessment in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).A discussion of risk assessment in patients with atherosclerosis limited to the cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial beds is beyond the scope of this review.However, many of the tools and principles discussed here apply also to patients with atherothrombosis throughout the vascular tree.This review addresses both the early phase of risk after presentation with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the chronic phase in stable CHD.After ACS, the risk of CV death in communitybased studies is Ϸ3% to 5% at 30 days and 5% to 8% at 6 months. 2Major CV events occur in 15% to 20% of patients by 6 months. 3In patients with stable CHD, the annual mortality rate is 1% to 3%, and the annual rate of major CV events is 1% to 2%.In a registry of 38 602 patients with stable CHD, the 1-year rate of CV death was 1.9% (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 2.1) and of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke was 4.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.2 to 4.8). 4 These data summarize the population average; however, the clinician is able to significantly refine the estimate of risk for the individual using methods described in this review.
Chemical genomic screening reveals synergism between parthenolide and inhibitors of the PI-3 kinase and mTOR pathways
Authors: Duane C. Hassane, Siddhartha Sen, Mohammad Minhajuddin, Randall M. Rossi, Cheryl A. Corbett, Marlene Balys, Liping Wei, Peter A. Crooks, Monica L. Guzman, Craig T. Jordan
Journal: Blood (2010)
Several efforts focus on closing black/white health gap
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Much has been said during the last several years about the so-called general health gap between black and white Americans. Sometimes this is addressed in terms of a specific disorder. (An example is hypertension, which will be discussed in a report in the MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES section dated July 4, 1986. And, earlier this month, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Ad Hoc Committee on Cardiovascular/ Pulmonary Disease Risk Factors in Minority Populations jointly sponsored a Forum on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Minority Populations at a site near the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Md, just outside Washington, DC.) In the case of black Americans specifically, a new initiative has taken form in recent months. It is believed to be greater in scope than previous efforts and holds promise for focusing attention on—and bringing about improvements in—the overall state of health of this
Evaluation of a therapeutic concentration of dithranol in the mouse-tail test
Authors: MECHTILD HOFBAUER, PAULINE M. DOWD, JANET ATKINSON, M. WHITEFIELD, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Evaluation of a therapeutic concentration of dithranol in the mouse‐tail test Get access MECHTILD HOFBAUER, MECHTILD HOFBAUER Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Lisle Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PAULINE M. DOWD, PAULINE M. DOWD Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Lisle Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JANET ATKINSON, JANET ATKINSON Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Lisle Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. WHITEFIELD, M. WHITEFIELD Dermal Laboratories Limited, Gosmore, Hitchin, Herts., U.K. Dr M. Whitefield, Dermal Laboratories Limited, Tatmore Place, Gosmore, Hitchin, Herts., SG4 7QR U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES M.W. GREAVES Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Lisle Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 85–89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01754.x Published: 01 January 1988
FDG PET Findings of the Brain in Sudden Blindness Caused by Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Revealing Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Sébastien Dietemann, Vincent Noblet, Alessio Imperiale, Cyrille Blondet, Izzie Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

We report the case of a 73-year-old woman presenting sudden blindness caused by bilateral simultaneous central retinal artery occlusion revealed by ophthalmoscopy. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the giant cell arteritis. The patient was treated with a systemic steroid without visual recovery. FDG PET/CT was performed 6 months later in the context of persistent inflammatory syndrome. This case shows the close relationship between functional activity and glucose energy metabolism. We observed both bilateral occipital hypometabolism corresponding to loss of functional activity and bilateral temporal (auditory areas) and orbitofrontal hypermetabolism related to compensatory neuronal plasticity.
Cotargeting signaling pathways driving survival and cell cycle circumvents resistance to Kit inhibitors in leukemia
Authors: Dorothée Buet, Isabelle Gallais, Evelyne Lauret, Nicole Denis, Bérangère Lombard, François Guillonneau, Olivier Kosmider, Damarys Loew, Isabelle Dusanter-Fourt, Christel Guillouf, Patrick Mayeux, Françoise Moreau-Gachelin
Journal: Blood (2012)
CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on human eosinophils: Studies on constitutive and cytokine-dependent expression
Authors: Jörn Elsner, Yasmin Dulkys, Thomas Buschermöhle, Ines Barg, Sabine Knöl, Gustav Dobos, Alexander Kapp
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Are Pay-for-Performance Programs a Threat to Medical Professionalism?
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters15 April 2008Are Pay-for-Performance Programs a Threat to Medical Professionalism?Howard Brody, MD, PhDHoward Brody, MD, PhDFrom University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-8-200804150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Snyder and Neubauer (1) correctly depict pay-for-performance as a possible threat to professionalism in medicine. The contradiction between professionalism and pay-for-performance is, however, more serious than the authors acknowledge.The core concept of professionalism is the physician's willingness to put self-interest aside and to address the interests of the patient as the first priority (2). However, pay-for-performance is predicated on the idea that we can get physicians to serve patients well only by appealing to their self-interest. The models are radically contradictory.Are all financial incentives designed to improve physician behavior—in ways that would better serve patients—therefore ...References1. Snyder L, Neubauer RL. American College of Physicians Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee. Pay-for-performance principles that promote patient-centered care: an ethics manifesto. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:792-4. [PMID: 18056664] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cohen JJ. Viewpoint: linking professionalism to humanism: what it means, why it matters [Editorial]. Acad Med. 2007;82:1029-32. [PMID: 17971686] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Brody H. Hooked: Ethics, the Medical Profession, and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; 2007. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard Brody, MD, PhDAffiliations: From University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPay-for-Performance Principles That Promote Patient-Centered Care: An Ethics Manifesto Lois Snyder , Richard L. Neubauer , and Are Pay-for-Performance Programs a Threat to Medical Professionalism? Richard L. Neubauer and Lois Snyder Are Pay-for-Performance Programs a Threat to Medical Professionalism? Paulette Metoyer Are Pay-for-Performance Programs a Threat to Medical Professionalism? Christopher M. Lowther Metrics 15 April 2008Volume 148, Issue 8Page: 630KeywordsBehaviorConflicts of interestMotivation ePublished: 15 April 2008 Issue Published: 15 April 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Stented pulmonary valve allografts as tricuspid valve substitutes in sheep: Their macroscopic and microscopic decline
Authors: J. Borrie, N. R. Redshaw
Journal: Thorax (1973)

In sheep, stented pulmonary semilunar valves have been allografted as tricuspid valve substitutes and their biological behaviour has been followed postoperatively. Whereas there was initial pleasing function with normal cusp competence, by day 102 the cusps had retracted to partial incompetence. This process of valve decline was accentuated by day 150, and by day 241 was complete. Histological studies at day 150 showed cusp foreshortening, with scant nuclei and collagen looser than normal. These findings suggested that the mechanism causing the valve decline was a host to foreign body reaction rather than the usual histological pattern of graft rejection.
Regulation of histamine release from human basophil leucocytes: role of H<sub>1</sub>, H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>3</sub> receptors
Authors: A. Tedeschi, M. Lorini, M. Arquati, A. Miadonna
Journal: Allergy (1991)

A novel class of histamine receptors (H3), controlling histamine synthesis and release, was described in rat and human brain and peripheral nerve endings. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether H3 receptors contribute to the regulation of histamine release from human basophils. Basophil leucocytes were incubated with a H3 antagonist (thioperamide; concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 10 microM) or with a H3 ((R)alpha methyl-histamine; concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mM), and subsequently were stimulated with optimal doses of anti-IgE and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (f-met peptide). No significant modifications of histamine release were observed after incubation either with the H3 agonist or with the H3 antagonist. By contrast, a H2 antagonist (cimetidine; concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 microM) exerted a dose-dependent enhancing effect on anti-IgE- and, to a lesser extent, on f-met peptide-induced histamine release. A H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine; concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 1 microM), at the highest concentration employed, displayed an inhibitory activity on IgE-dependent and IgE-independent histamine release. Exogenous histamine was shown to exert a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on two-staged anti-IgE-induced histamine release. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that H3 receptors are not involved in the regulation of histamine release from human basophils; by contrast, H2 receptors participate in controlling histamine release from human basophils, as previously demonstrated by other authors.