tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Restoring America's Role in International Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Joseph P. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The failure of the 96th Congress to modify certain features of the legislation currently regulating the terms of entry and length of stay of foreign-medical-school graduates (FMGs) has several serious consequences that have not been sufficiently appreciated.Public Law 94–484 and its companion bill, P.L. 95–83, affect two groups of FMGs seeking postgraduate training in this country. The first group, for whom the law poses not much more than a handicap, are foreign physicians who have received an adequate medical education and at least a modicum of postgraduate training in their home countries and who wish to top off their . . .
Xbp1s-Negative Tumor B Cells and Pre-Plasmablasts Mediate Therapeutic Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chungyee Leung-Hagesteijn, Natalie Erdmann, Grace Cheung, Jonathan J. Keats, A. Keith Stewart, Donna E. Reece, Kim Chan Chung, Rodger E. Tiedemann
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
1097 DYNAMIC UPDATE OF 5- AND 10-YEAR RISK OF LIVER FAILURE OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID-TREATED PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS INCLUDING BILIRUBIN AND ALBUMIN OBSERVED DURING FOLLOW-UP
Authors: B.E. Hansen, E.M. Kuiper, W. Lesterhuis, R.J. Robijn, J.C. Thijs, L.G.J.B. Engels, G.H. Koek, M.N. Aparicio, M.J. Kerbert-Dreteler, H.R. van Buuren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Practical Healthcare Epidemiology
Authors: Daniel J. Diekema
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE NEED FOR PHYSICIANS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH FIELD
Authors: J. W. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The nationwide interest in measures for the improvement of the public health has resulted in the extension and standardization of health organizations and activities generally. In consequence, the number and stability of public health positions have greatly increased in recent years. In fact, this increase has occurred so rapidly that the facilities for the education of sanitarians and scientific workers in the public health field has not kept pace with it, although substantial progress has been made within the last decade in the number of universities giving such instruction. The conference of officials and eminent specialists in public health education convened by the Surgeon General of the U. S. Public Health Service focused attention on this condition (Future of the Public Health in the United States and the Education of Sanitarians, Public Health Bulletin 124, U. S. P. H. S.), and should result in the institution of
The Effect of Midazolam on the Normal Sphincter of Oddi: A Controlled Study
Authors: A. Fazel, F. R. Burton
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Midazolam HCl (Versed) is often used for intravenous conscious sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and is increasingly used in endoscopic sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry. The effect of medications on SO motility should be fully characterized if they are to be used during SO manometry. There has been controversy as to whether midazolam influences SO motility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of midazolam on the normal SO.The study population consisted of 60 patients presenting with recurrent abdominal pain who were found to have SO basal pressure of less than 40 mmHg on SO manometry. ERCP was performed in the standard fashion using a pneumohydraulic capillary perfused triple-lumen catheter system in a stationary pull-through method from the pancreatic and common bile ducts. In the test group 30 patients received 2 mg midazolam intravenously while the 30 patients in the control group received intravenous saline. SO manometry was performed, with recording of the basal pressure, phasic pressure, phasic amplitude, phasic frequency and ductal pressure before and 3 min after the intravenous infusion. The changes in basal, phasic and duct pressure as well as phasic frequency before and after the administration of saline and midazolam were compared.Midazolam causes a small but statistically significant reduction in basal and peak SO pressure (4 and 19 mmHg respectively), compared with saline. Diagnostic concordance (normal vs. abnormal) between the basal sphincter pressure before and after midazolam was seen in 100 % of patients. Midazolam does not significantly affect phasic amplitude, phasic frequency or duct pressure.Midazolam does not have a clinically significant influence on the accuracy of SO manometry in identifying normal sphincteric motility.
Characteristics of Child Passenger Deaths and Injuries Involving Drinking Drivers
Authors: Kyran P. Quinlan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Motor vehicle-related injury is the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 1 to 24 years in the United States. Approximately 24% of child traffic deaths involve alcohol.To examine characteristics of crashes involving child passenger deaths and injuries associated with drinking drivers to identify opportunities for prevention.Descriptive epidemiological analysis of 1985-1996 datafrom the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on deaths among US child passengers (aged 0-14 years) and 1988-1996 data from the General Estimates System on nonfatal injuries.Child passenger death or injury by driver characteristics (eg, driver age, blood alcohol concentration, and driving history).In 1985-1996, there were 5555 child passenger deaths involving a drinking driver. Of these deaths, 3556 (64.0%) occurred while the child was riding with a drinking driver; 67.0% of these drinking drivers were old enough to be the parent or caregiver of the child. Of all drivers transporting a child who died, drinking drivers were more likely than nondrinking drivers to have had a previous license suspension (17.1% vs 7.1%) or conviction for driving while intoxicated (7.9% vs 1.2%). Child restraint use decreased as both the child's age and the blood alcohol concentration of the child's driver increased. In 1988-1996, an estimated 149,000 child passengers were nonfatally injured in crashes involving a drinking driver. Of these, 58,000 (38.9%) were riding with a drinking driver when injured in the crash.These data indicate that the majority of drinking driver-related child passenger deaths in the United States involve a child riding unrestrained in the same vehicle with a drinking driver. Typically, the drinking driver transporting the child is old enough to be the child's parent or caregiver.
Backward or Forward?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

"The Way Forward"1 was a brave title for Mr. David Ennals, Secretary of State for Health and Social Security, to choose for still another document on priorities in the National Health Service recently published by his department. In the introduction he points out that this new document should be regarded as complementary to the Consultative Document2 published by his predecessor, Mrs. Barbara Castle, in 1976, and he claims that it has been written in the light of comments received in response to this Consultative Document, and also in response to reactions to the controversial report of the working party on . . .
Analysis of the Relative Costs and Effectiveness of Primary Angioplasty Versus Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator: The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) Trial
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Cindy L. Grines, Donald Rothbaum, Kevin F. Browne, James O’Keefe, Paul A. Overlie, Bryan C. Donohue, Noah Chelliah, Ronald Vlietstra, Tom Catlin, William W. O’Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucralfate versus antacids.
Authors: M J Bonten, C A Gaillard, S van der Geest, F H van Tiel, A J Beysens, H G Smeets, E E Stobberingh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

This study evaluates the effects of sucralfate and antacids on intragastric acidity, colonization of stomach, oropharynx and trachea, and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units. We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind trial in which patients were stratified on initial gastric pH. Intragastric acidity was measured with computerized, continuous intragastric monitoring. The diagnosis of VAP was established with protected specimen brush and/or bronchoalveolar lavage. The study included consecutive eligible patients with mechanical ventilation and nasogastric tube. Interventions: After stratification on initial intragastric pH into two groups, patients from both groups were randomly assigned to receive either antacids (a suspension of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide), 30 mL every 4 h, or sucralfate, 1 g every 4 h. Continuous intragastric pH monitoring was performed in 112 patients (58 antacids, 54 sucralfate). Using predetermined criteria, colonization of stomach, oropharynx, and trachea, and the incidence of VAP were assessed. Altogether, 141 patients were included (74 receiving antacids, 67 sucralfate) and continuous intragastric pH monitoring was performed in 112 patients, with a mean of 75 h per patient. The median pH and the percentage of time with a pH < 4.0 were calculated from each measurement. No significant differences in median pH values (4.7 +/- 2.2 and 4.5 +/- 2.0 for antacids and sucralfate, respectively) were observed. Median pH values were higher in patients with gastric bacterial colonization than in noncolonized patients (5.5 +/- 2.1 and 3.3 +/- 2.0, p < 0.01), but colonization of oropharynx and trachea was not related to intragastric acidity. Thirty-one patients (22%) developed VAP, with a similar incidence in both treatment groups. In addition, antibiotic use, duration of hospitalization, and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Enteral feeding did not change intragastric acidity significantly but increased gastric colonization with Enterobacteriaceae, without influencing oropharyngeal and tracheal colonization. Antacids and sucralfate had a similar effect on intragastric acidity, colonization rates, and incidence of VAP. Intragastric acidity influenced gastric colonization but not colonization of the upper respiratory tract or the incidence of VAP. Therefore, it is unlikely that the gastropulmonary route is important for the development of VAP.
Suppression of neuroinflammation by the dopamine receptor D2 via alphaB-crystallin
Authors: Jiawei Zhou
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Chronic neuroinflammation is a common feature of aging brain and some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of innate immunity in the central nervous system remain elusive. Here we show that dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2), known as a critical component for dopamine neurotransmission and a susceptibility gene for Parkinson's disease, modulates innate immunity through its downstream target protein astrocytic alphaB-crystallin (Cryab). We demonstrate that knockout mice lacking Drd2 showed remarkable inflammatory response in multiple CNS regions and increased vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Drd2—/— astrocytes became hyper- responsive to immune stimuli with dramatic reduction in levels of Cryab. Gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that Cryab is critical for Drd2-mediated modulation of innate immune response in astrocytes. Interestingly, aberrant expression of Cryab in reactive astrocytes was found in the ventral mesencephalon of patients with Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, treatment of wild-type mice with a selective Drd2 agonist increased resistance of the nigral dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxin via partial suppression of inflammation. Altogether, these data suggest that Drd2 / Cryab pathway in astrocytes is crucial for repression of neuroinflammation and thus could be therapeutically useful for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Remarks on the Form and Mechanism of the Heart
Authors: D. Macalister
Journal: BMJ (1882)

We have, thee, to find a means or fixing the form of the heart in two R E MA R KS or more typical configurations of its cycle.In a first attempt, at least,, ON ~~~~~~~~we should naturally choose for fixation the states of complete systole ON ~~~~~~~~and complete diastole, under conditions agreeing with the normal.
Exercise recovery phase: unrecovered part of the recommendations
Authors: S. Kostianev, K. Terziyski, B. Marinov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

unpublished data).Furthermore, invasive ventilation does not limit the use of electrically powered wheelchairs [10].MARKSTRO ¨M et al. [11] observed a better quality of life in tracheostomised neuromuscular patients.However, this is contested by BACH [12].In accordance with MARKSTRO ¨M et al.[11], and although our tracheostomised Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients were more severe than our DMD patients under NIMV, quality of life was similar in both groups [13].We trained families to perform airway suctioning and to change tracheostomy in order to allow them to face anxiety over airway occlusion.Therefore, in these conditions, tracheostomy may avoid, rather than facilitate, institutionalisation for some patients and we consider that it is dangerous to state that there is no indication that tracheostomy is effective in DMD patients.Each case has to be considered on its merits, without any dogma.We would like to thank the editors for allowing us to extend this important debate about tracheostomy in neuromuscular patients which underlines that the team's experience and expertise is an important determinant of the choice of the time to switch to tracheostomy.
Uptake Characteristics of FDG in Multiple Juvenile Cellular Fibroadenomata of the Breast
Authors: Sandip Basu, Narendra Nair, Mangesh Thorat, Tanuja Shet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 16-year-old girl, with known medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, presented with a borderline elevated serum calcitonin level of 13.1 pg/mL (normal range, 0–11.5 pg/mL). CT scan of the thorax revealed multiple lobulated, slightly hyperdense soft tissue masses in both breasts reported likely to be multiple fibroadenomas; a suspicion of metastatic deposits was also raised. Whole-body FDG-PET demonstrated multiple foci of FDG uptake of varying degree in both breasts. A delayed limited PET showed a drop in FDG uptake as demonstrated by standardized uptake values. Based on the FDG uptake, the borderline elevated serum calcitonin level and the fact that breast metastases from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, although rare, has been reported, excision biopsy of the 3 most prominent foci were carried out. On histopathologic examination, the tumors were encapsulated and showed a biphasic pattern. The morphology was that of a juvenile or cellular fibroadenoma with cellular fibroblastic stroma that lacked the specialized myxoid stroma around lobules seen in conventional fibroadenomas. The present finding in this unusual case study of multiple juvenile fibroadenoma is an interesting addition to the literature of potential false-positive FDG-PET studies and to the differential diagnosis of multifocal FDG uptake in breasts in young patients.
Hemochromatosis‐associated gene mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
Authors: Zachary P. Nearman, Hadrian Szpurka, Bianca Serio, Ilka Warshawksy, Karl Theil, Alan Lichtin, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

We observed increased ferritin levels in newly diagnosed MDS-RARS patients without transfusional iron-overload. Hence, we hypothesized RARS patients may harbor hemochromatosis-related mutations, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of this myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) subset. We studied a cohort of 140 MDS patients: 42 with RARS, 10 with increased ringed sideroblasts, and 96 with other forms of MDS (43 RA, 27 RAEB, 17 RAEB-T, 8 MDS/MPD, 1 CMML). Patients were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism, designed to detect C282Y and H63D mutations of the HFE gene. We found significantly higher frequency of heterozygosity for C282Y mutation in RARS patients compared with a large control population of matched race individuals (21 vs. 9.8% in controls, P = 0.03); H63D genotype was not significantly increased. Frequency of HFE variation in other MDS subtypes failed to differ significantly from controls. Within this group, we included patients with a rare form of MDS, provisionally subclassified by WHO as RARS with thrombocytosis (RARSt). 10/14 RARSt patients were carriers of either C282Y or H63D allele significantly increased compared with the combined prevalence in a healthy population (71 vs. 33%, P < 0.01). We found expected distribution of mutant HFE alleles in patients with other forms of MDS (9.1 vs. 9.8%, P = 0.82). Increased prevalence of HFE gene mutations is not a generalized feature of MDS, but some subgroups of MDS, especially those characterized by excessive accumulation of ringed sideroblasts, exhibit C282Y mutations at a higher frequency than in other forms of MDS and healthy controls.
Lack of exercise outweighs obesity among heart disease risk factors, says Australian study
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Lack of exercise affects a woman’s risk of developing heart disease more than other known risk factors, including being overweight, new research has shown.1

Australian researchers writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine said that greater effort was needed to promote exercise among women.

The study calculated the population attributable risk of heart disease for four known risk factors: high body mass index, smoking, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity. The population attributable risk is …
Abstract 420: Metastatic and neo-vasculature determinants as prognostic markers of thyroid cancer
Authors: Shilpi Rajoria, Robert Suriano, Arulkumaran Shanmugam, Uchechukwu Megwalu, Stimson P. Schantz, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Thyroid is amongst one of the most vascularized tissues of the human body and studies have demonstrated that neo-vascularization is critical for growth and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastasizing to the lymph nodes of the neck in 50% of the patients. The perceived risk of thyroid proliferative diseases in women is one in eight, a risk similar to that of breast cancer, suggesting a possible role of female reproductive hormones such as estrogen in this epidemiological distribution. The identification of systemic modulators such as estrogen and markers of metastatic phenotype or neo-vascularization in thyroid cancer is a clinical need. We developed an in vitro thyroid cell culture model to study the effect of estrogen on metastatic phenotype of thyroid cells. We discovered that estradiol modulates metastatic properties of these thyroid cells as evidenced by an increase in in vitro migration, invasion and adhesion in presence of estradiol which correlates with a concomitant downregution of tumor suppressive protein, β-catenin. Restitution of cadherin/catenin complex by fulvestrant suppresses the metastatic phenotype of thyroid cells thus validating our findings of β-catenin as a significant metastatic phenotype marker. Furthermore, we developed an in vivo animal model so as to study the effect of estrogen on neo-vasculature in thyroid cancer. We found that estradiol acts as a mobilizing agent for bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) resulting in homing of enhanced numbers of BM-EPCs to orthotopic tumor when ovariectomized mice were supplemented with estradiol pellets. We also discovered that thyroid cells secrete paracrine factors which results in enhanced migration of BM-EPCs as evidenced by in vitro experimental model suggesting that mobilization of BM-EPCs is tumor responsive. In conclusion, our data provides strong evidence that estradiol enhances the metastatic propensity of thyroid cells and mobilizes BM-EPCs to the thyroid tumor. These findings will allow for the possible development of anti-estrogenic compounds that target catenin mediated metastasis and/or stem cells mediated neo-vascularization of thyroid cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 420.
A western blot approach to detection of human plasma protein conjugates derived from D-penicillamine.
Authors: C.A. Laycock, M.J. Phelan, R.C. Bucknall, J.W. Coleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To develop and apply an immunochemical approach to the study of drug-plasma protein conjugates derived from the anti-arthritic drug D-penicillamine (DP). An antiserum with specificity for protein-conjugated DP was raised in a rabbit. Plasma samples from patients receiving DP or from incubations of isolated normal plasma with DP were analysed for DP-derived conjugates by Western blotting using the anti-drug antibody. A single DP-positive protein band was detected in plasma samples from 15/16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving DP but in none of 20 patients of similar disease status who had not taken DP. The positive band appeared in patients' plasma during the course of treatment with DP. It was seen under nonreducing but not reducing conditions indicating that the drug is disulphide linked to the protein. The drug-modified protein migrated to a position intermediate between the trailing edge of albumin and the leading edge of transferrin (both non-reduced) suggesting a molecular weight of between 66 and 77 kDa. Incubations of normal human plasma, but not purified albumin or transferrin, with low concentrations of DP generated the same distinct band plus several less intense DP-positive bands. Drug-plasma protein conjugates derived from DP in vivo and in vitro can be detected immunochemically by the Western blot method. Theories of DP immunotoxicity have implicated antigenicity of the drug, but this is the first immunochemical demonstration of a potential DP-derived antigen in human plasma. The method we describe may have application to studies of the relationship between DP antigenicity and toxicity.