tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Raised cardiac troponins: Troponin is raised in pre-eclampsia
Authors: Adam Morton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
The Role of Endoscopic Evaluation in Patients with Suspected Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Bone-Marrow Transplantation
Authors: J. P. Terdiman, C. A. Linker, C. A. Ries, L. E. Damon, H. S. Rugo, J. W. Ostroff
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Previous reports have suggested that endoscopic evaluation, with histological and microbiological examination of biopsied tissue, is required to diagnose gastrointestinal disease accurately in patients after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. We sought to further define the usefulness, yield, and sensitivity of endoscopic tissue biopsy in this patient population.
Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Mutations Is Associated with Poor Gefitinib Treatment Response
Authors: Jenn-Yu Wu, Shang-Gin Wu, Chih-Hsin Yang, Chien-Hung Gow, Yih-Leong Chang, Chong-Jen Yu, Jin-Yuan Shih, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Clinical reports about responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in exon 20 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are limited. To increase understanding of the influence of exon 20 mutations on NSCLC treatment with gefitinib, we investigated the clinical features of lung cancer in patients with exon 20 mutations and analyzed the gefitinib treatment response. Experimental Design: We surveyed the clinical data and mutational studies of NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 mutations in the National Taiwan University Hospital and reviewed the literature reports about EGFR exon 20 mutations and the gefitinib treatment response. Results: Twenty-three patients with mutations in exon 20 were identified. Nine (39%) had coexisting mutations in EGFR exons other than exon 20. Sixteen patients received gefitinib treatment, and a response was noted in 4 patients. The gefitinib response rate of NSCLC with exon 20 mutations was 25%, far lower than those with deletions in exon 19 and L858R mutations. Interestingly, different exon 20 mutations and coexisting mutations seemed to have a different influence on gefitinib response. Conclusions: EGFR exon 20 mutations of NSCLC patients result in poorer responsiveness to gefitinib treatment, but variability exists between different individuals.
RU-486 as an Antiprogesterone Steroid
Authors: Etienne-Emile Baulieu
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The steroid RU-486 (mifepristone) is an antiprogesterone that works at the receptor level. It can interrupt pregnancy very early on (contragestion), mostly by interfering with the process of implantation and decidua function. It also may facilitate surgical evacuation of the uterus and certain difficult deliveries. It impedes ovulation when taken during the follicular phase. Also, RU-486 is the first antiglucocorticosteroid available for clinical use. It deserves further studies to assess its wide range of therapeutic potential. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1808-1814)
ERRORS OF REFRACTION.
Authors: FRANCES DICKINSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

These eighteen propositions will assist the beginner to more readily understand the many pages treating of the same subjects in all our text-books. With a second lecture on the lenses which correct the errors of refraction, and a third lecture on the frames which hold the lenses which correct the errors of refraction, we will have completed the "House that Jack Built." Three essentials to sight—Lighty; eye; brain. Three characteristics of light; it proceeds—From every point; in every direction; along straight lines called Rays. Three directions to rays of light—Parallel; divergent; convergent. Three destinies for light—Absorbed; reflected; refracted. Three varieties of forms of glass reflect light— Plane; prism; curved surfaces. Three combinations of curved surfaces converge rays of light—Convex spherical; convex cylindrical; convex sphero-cylindrical. Three combinations of curved surfaces diverge rays of light—Concave spherical; concave cylindrical; concave sphero cylindrical. Three refracting surfaces in the eye—Anterior surface of cornea; anterior surface
Systemic effects of two nasally administered glucocorticosteroids
Authors: J.‐Å. Wihl, K.‐E. Andersson, S.‐Å. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Two topical corticosteroids, budesonide (BUD) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), both administered as suspensions in water, were investigated in healthy volunteers regarding influence on cortisol in plasma and urine (U‐cortisol) after nasal application. In the first study, single doses of 200, 400, and 800 μg of BDP and BUD were given at 10:00 pm. In the second study, 100, 200, and 400 μg were given mornings and evenings for 4 days. In the single‐dose study, none of the drugs or doses showed any significant influence on cortisol in plasma. However, U‐cortisol decreased significantly after BUD 400 and 800 μg. In the multidose study, U‐cortisol values were significantly reduced after all doses of BUD and the highest dose of BDP. The compounds tested showed different ability to cause measurable systemic effects after nasal application. The clinical implication is that the prescriber, when choosing a compound, should take the application site into consideration and should also be encouraged to find the lowest effective dose.
Comparison of a novel polymer (PLL-g-PEG) with gold-coated and stainless steel stents for prevention of neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Stephan Windecker, Katja S. Grigioni, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Thomas Schaffner, Beat Walpoth, Daniel Mettler, Franz R. Eberli, Bernhard Meier, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Anti-LSP antibodies in acute liver disease.
Authors: R Meliconi, A Perperas, D Jensen, A Alberti, I G McFarlane, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1982)

Sera from 71 patients with acute liver injury have been tested for antibodies to hepatocyte membrane lipoprotein complex (LSP) using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Two main patterns of anti-LSP response were seen. In the first, seen in patients with type A and B viral hepatitis, anti-LSP antibodies were detectable at presentation, with the highest titres two to 10 days before the peak in serum aminotransferases and, in the hepatitis B patients, when viral DNA polymerase concentrations were still high, indicating active viral replication. These findings are consistent with the anti-LSP response being consequent on an interaction between T cells and neoantigens on the liver cell surface. A similar pattern was found in halothane hepatitis where immune responses to a halothane-altered liver membrane antigen are present early in the course of the disease. In the second type of response, exemplified by cases with paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis, anti-LSP was only occasionally detectable at presentation, although present in very low titre later in the clinical course. This may be due to the release of altered antigen at the time of hepatocellular injury. The same pattern was found in a selected group of patients with uncomplicated acute alcoholic hepatitis, suggesting that in both these groups of patients the liver damage may have been due to a direct toxic effect on liver cells.
Lumbar Spine and Back Pain
Authors: B J Sweetman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

statements like: in rheumatoid knee arthroplasty 'any pre- operative synovitis remits and does not recur unless the joint replacement fails for mechanical reasons such as loosening of the prosthesis'.Thus he argues that synovial inflammation is not fundamental.He firmly asserts that the prognosis of an individual joint is directly related to the amount of collagenase in the joint-a premature claim, one might hint, especially in an undergraduate text-and he also misleads by claiming that collagenase is derived mainly from leucocytes.Nevertheless, he and other authors often stimulate thought and that is high praise in an introductory text.In summary, Mason and Currey compares very favour- ably with its rivals and, as I much prefer reading and writing essays, I still recommend it to our students as their introduction to rheumatology.
A clinicopathological study of Flegel's disease (hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans)
Authors: M. L. PRICE, E. WILSON JONES, D. M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The clinical and histopathological features of 12 female patients with Flegel's disease were studied. The onset of this dermatosis was delayed until adulthood. The eruption consisted of scaly papules 1-5 mm in diameter which developed principally on the lower legs, upper arms and pinnae. Histopathologically there were discrete foci of hyperkeratosis with some parakeratosis over an attenuated and partially spongiotic epidermis. A genetic influence in this disorder was suggested by its occurrence in sisters in two families and in a mother and daughter. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies suggested that there is a disorder of keratinocyte proliferation in the disease.
Abstract 2603: Inhibition of Notch and mTOR by nelfinavir as a novel approach for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Yoon Soo Chang, Leah M. Meza, Masahiro Onozawa, Joell J. Gills, Peter D. Aplan, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: T-ALL accounts for 10-15% of childhood ALL and 25% of adult ALL. Although intensive chemotherapy improves disease free survival, patients who relapse or progress have a dismal prognosis. Notch1 is a promising target in T-ALL because it is commonly activated, and inhibitors of γ-secretase (GSI), an aspartic protease that processes Notch1, are in clinical trials. Nelfinavir is an HIV protease inhibitor with anti-cancer activity through its inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway as well as unknown mechanisms. Because the HIV protease is an aspartic protease, we hypothesized that a target for nelfinavir in cancer cells could be γ-secretase. Methods: Nelfinavir was compared to compound E, a commercially available GSI, in in vitro studies. Notch1 and mTOR signalling was evaluated in human and murine T-ALL cell lines by immunoblotting. γ-secretase activity was assessed in cell-free in vitro assays. Cell death was measured by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Nelfinavir was also tested in a transgenic model of T-ALL (established by overexpression of SCL and LMO1 in the mouse thymus) using microCT scans, flow cytometry and IHC. Results: Among 7 HIV protease inhibitors evaluated, only nelfinavir inhibited expression of the Notch1 transmembrane and intracellular domains as well as Hes1 and survivin, well-established downstream targets of Notch1. At clinically achievable concentrations, nelfinavir rapidly inhibited Notch1, which was sustained to 16 hr when death was evident. Cell-free assays showed that although compound E was a more potent inhibitor of γ-secretase, the maximal enzymatic inhibition by nelfinavir was equivalent at higher doses. Nelfinavir was far more effective than compound E in reducing expression of Notch targets such as phospho-Rb, c-Myc, and Hrb, Hes1, and survivin. Nelfinavir induced apoptosis to levels equivalent to 20 µM etoposide, but compound E was only cytostatic. To explore other mechanisms that could explain the decreased protein expression and higher levels of cell death with nelfinavir, we assessed the Akt/mTOR pathway. Nelfinavir rapidly induced AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, coincident with Notch1 inhibition. In SCL-LMO1 double transgenic mice, nelfinavir decreased thymic size and markedly increased apoptotic cells in the thymus. It also decreased the CD3+ populations in spleen and bone marrow and decreased CD4+CD8+ double positive leukemic cells. Conclusion: These studies show that nelfinavir is superior to a GSI and highly active in preclinical studies of T-ALL. Clinical testing of nelfinavir in T-ALL patients is planned. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2603. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2603
Anti‐Fc<sub>ε</sub>RIα serum autoantibodies in different subtypes of urticaria
Authors: T. Zuberbier, B. M. Henz, E. Fiebiger, D. Maurer, G. Stingl
Journal: Allergy (2000)

In recent years, a histamine-releasing anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibody has been demonstrated in about one-third of patients with chronic urticaria. However, its clinical significance is still unclear. The objective was to detect a possible correlation between the occurrence of the anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibody and the clinical type or cause of urticaria.Sera from 66 consecutively seen in- and outpatients with various types of urticaria and five healthy controls were examined for the presence of anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies with a sandwich ELISA technique. In addition, basophil histamine release was studied in 13 autoantibody-positive sera.Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies were found in 17/48 patients with chronic urticaria, in 2/4 with angioedema, in 1/2 with urticarial vasculitis, and in 2/11 with dermographic urticaria. However, no anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies were detected in acute, cold, or delayed-pressure urticaria; in urticaria pigmentosa; or in normal controls. Of all chronic urticaria patients, 22 were classified as idiopathic since no underlying cause could be found. Of this group, seven were seropositive for anti-FcepsilonRIalpha. However, anti-FcepsilonRIalpha was also found in patients who went into remission after treatment of identified causes; namely, in one with type I allergy, one with drug intolerance, one with Helicobacter infection, and six with food intolerance. The autoantibody was also detected in 2/4 patients with associated autoimmune diseases. Functional activity was shown in basophil histamine release in 3/4 autoantibody-positive sera of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and in 4/6 autoantibody-positive sera of patients who went into remission after the treatment of underlying causes.These data confirm that anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies in urticaria are mostly found in chronic urticaria. Furthermore, their detection independently of the apparent cause of the urticaria suggests that as yet unidentified mechanisms must be operative, possibly related to the chronic inflammatory process and/or individual predispositions that favor their induction.
Resistance of Group A Streptococci to Tetracycline
Authors: Regina C. McCormack, Donald Kaye, Edward W. Hook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of tetracycline resistance among strains of Group A streptococci isolated from clinical sources. In this study in vitro sensitivities to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline were determined for strains isolated in 1960–1961 and strains isolated before 1940. The results confirm reports1 , 2 that a significant proportion of Group A streptococci isolated from human patients with infections during recent years are resistant to the action of the tetracycline drugs. The significance of these observations is that tetracycline resistance may be responsible for failure of tetracycline to cure the streptococcal carrier state3 or to halt . . .
EC moves towards "direct to consumer" advertising
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Pharmaceutical companies will be able to provide information on prescription drugs directly to patients with AIDS, diabetes, or asthma under legislative proposals tabled by the European Commission.

Announcing the scheme, the enterprise commissioner, Erkki Liikanen, insisted that it was not intended to undermine the existing ban on public advertising of prescription medicines in Europe.

“This is not direct to consumer advertising. We are not introducing advertising for prescription drugs. I am against direct marketing as massive advertising could place a lot of pressure on the health costs that are covered by public authorities,” he …
Modern Perspectives in International Child Psychiatry
Authors: Leon Tec
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This volume is one of three in the series, "Modern Perspectives in Psychiatry." Two of the volumes, including the one here reviewed, are devoted to child psychiatry. A variety of subjects is discussed helpfully, starting with intrauterine hazards, through birth and early infancy, to mother-child and father-child relations. The clinical part includes discussion on electrocerebral activity and sleep disturbances, psychosomatic conditions, psychogenic retardation and organic psychosis. A comprehensive discussion of school problems and residential care of children is followed by a very interesting article on the strategy of follow-up study, which is so important in improving our ability to better predict the outcome of emotional problems in childhood. However, the word "modern," in the title, promises more than it fulfills. Indeed, although this book is comprehensive and includes a variety of important topics, much new information is missing, eg, the use of imipramine in enuretic children, or the salutary effects
Heart Failure — An Epidemic of Uncertain Proportions
Authors: Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

We are in the midst of a proclaimed epidemic of heart failure, as evidenced by increases in the number of hospitalizations for heart failure, the number of deaths attributed to heart failure, and the costs associated with care.1 In this issue of the Journal, we are provided with good news regarding the heart failure epidemic. Levy et al.2 report data from the Framingham Heart Study indicating that the survival of patients in the community who have a diagnosis of heart failure is (finally) improving and that the incidence of heart failure may be declining. As we consider the implications of . . .
Comparison of outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma associated with follicular lymphoma, or <i>de novo</i> diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kohei Tada, Sung‐Won Kim, Yoshitaka Asakura, Nobuhiro Hiramoto, Kimikazu Yakushijin, Saiko Kurosawa, Kinuko Tajima, Shin‐ichiro Mori, Yuji Heike, Ryuji Tanosaki, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Koh Furuta, Yoshikazu Kagami, Yoshihiro Matsuno, Kensei Tobinai, Yoichi Takaue, Takahiro Fukuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract The outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) associated with follicular lymphoma (FL), which includes DLBCL with pre‐ or co‐existing FL, remains controversial, and few previous reports have compared the outcomes after allo‐HCT for FL, DLBCL associated with FL, and de novo DLBCL. We retrospectively analyzed 97 consecutive patients with FL ( n = 46), DLBCL associated with FL ( n = 22), or de novo DLBCL ( n = 29) who received allo‐HCT at our institute between 2000 and 2010. With a median follow‐up of 53 months, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were, respectively, 77% and 70% for FL, 62% and 57% for DLBCL associated with FL, and 26% and 23% for de novo DLBCL. The 5‐year cumulative incidences of non‐relapse mortality and disease progression/relapse were, respectively, 16% and 15% for FL, 19% and 24% for DLBCL associated with FL, and 36% and 41% for de novo DLBCL. By a multivariate analysis, the OS and PFS for DLBCL associated with FL were significantly better than those for de novo DLBCL, whereas they were not significantly different from those for FL. These results suggest that allo‐HCT may be a promising option for patients with not only advanced FL but also DLBCL associated with FL. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 2: Naked CanScript, an 18-base pair sequence, has tumor cell-specific promoter activity in vivo: Implications for targeted gene therapy
Authors: Janet A. Sawicki, Yu-Hung Huang, Joseph Cozzitorto, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson, Jonathan R. Brody
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The MSLN gene encodes mesothelin and is highly active in several human malignancies including ovarian, pancreatic, bronchial, gastroesophageal, cervical, endometrial, and biliary carcinomas. The high cancer cell-specific activity of MSLN is attributable to an 18-bp upstream enhancer, CanScript, which selectively elevates transcription upon binding of TEF-1, a transcription enhancer factor, to a MCAT motif. It has previously been shown that three concatemerized copies of CanScript produce a 30-fold enhancement over a SV40 minimal promoter in MSLN-expressing cancer cells (Cancer Res. 2007 Oct 1;67(19):9055-65). To determine whether incorporation of CanScript into gene constructs may have application in enhancing activity of promoters used in cancer-targeting gene therapy strategies, we generated several luciferase reporter gene constructs having different cell type-specific promoters (MSLN, HE-4, PSA) and different copy numbers of CanScript (1X, 2X, 3X, 6X). We transfected multiple cell lines, including MSLN+ (ovarian and pancreatic) and MSLN− (liver, lung, and prostate) tumor cells, with these DNA constructs, and measured luciferase activity 48 hrs later. To replicate an in vivo therapeutic setting, we used nanoparticles to deliver the constructs to the peritoneal space of healthy and ovarian-tumor bearing mice, and measured gene expression in tumors and multiple organs by optical imaging. Surprisingly, we determined that an 18-bp CanScript sequence activates gene expression in a cell-specific manner in the absence of any other promoter sequence, and that amplification of CanScript in combination with either the MSLN or HE4 promoter sequences, i.e., two gene promoters that are highly active in ovarian cancer cells, significantly enhances their activity proportional to the number of copies of CanScript, in MSLN+ cells, including MSLN+ HE4− pancreatic cells, but has little effect in MSLN− cells. These results support the use of CanScript when increased, specific gene expression is desired to improve therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells in which MSLN is highly active. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2.