tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statin Use and Risks for Death and Hospitalization in Chronic Heart Failure—Reply
Authors: Alan S. Go, Jingrong Yang, Jerry H. Gurwitz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNA Damage Detection and Repair Pathways—Recent Advances with Inhibitors of Checkpoint Kinases in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Susan Ashwell, Sonya Zabludoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Insights from cell cycle research have led to the hypothesis that tumors may be selectivity sensitized to DNA-damaging agents, resulting in improved antitumor activity and a wider therapeutic margin. The theory relies primarily on the observation that the majority of tumors are deficient in the G1-DNA damage checkpoint pathway, resulting in reliance on S and G2 phase checkpoints for DNA repair and cell survival. The S and G2 phase checkpoints are predominantly regulated by checkpoint kinase 1; thus, inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 signaling impairs DNA repair and increases tumor cell death. Normal tissues, however, have a functioning G1 checkpoint signaling pathway that allows for DNA repair and cell survival. There is now a large body of preclinical evidence showing that checkpoint kinase inhibitors do indeed enhance the efficacy of both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and several agents have recently entered clinical trials. Excitingly, additional therapeutic opportunities for checkpoint kinase inhibitors continue to emerge as biology outside their pivotal role in cell cycle arrest is further elucidated.
Return of Secondary Genomic Findings vs Patient Autonomy
Authors: Robert Klitzman, Paul S. Appelbaum, Wendy Chung
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breast Cancer Screening for Elderly Women-Reply
Authors: Joseph Aisner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Merenstein has raised important issues about the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening in the elderly. Screening mammography has decreased the mortality from breast cancer,<sup>1-3</sup>and there is complete agreement on its benefit for women older than 50 years.<sup>2</sup>A meta-analysis of the randomized studies has demonstrated a reduced breast cancer mortality with screening<sup>2</sup>despite concerns about technical merits and quality control in some of the studies.<sup>1</sup>Dealing with subgroups in these randomized studies, however, poses considerable difficulties.<sup>1</sup>This is evident in the controversy that has arisen over screening in the 40- to 49-year-old group.<sup>1-3</sup>Similarly, the number of women older than 70 years in these studies is too few to make any conclusions about alteration in mortality. This, however, should not lead to the erroneous conclusion that screening is ineffective for the elderly. We must recognize that breast cancer increases in
Nonsurgical intrahepatic portacaval shunt; a utopian dream or an approaching reality?
Authors: Josef Rosch
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A prospective study was undertaken to assess the results of embolization of esophageal varices by the transjugular approach, in 83 patients with advanced cirrhosis (65 p. 100 Child's class C) admitted with severe bleeding (mean of 10 units of blood per patient). Embolization was successfully completed in 65 patients (78 p. 100) and complete obliteration was achieved in 50 (60 p. 100). Twenty-nine procedures were performed on actively bleeding patients. Cessation of bleeding was observed in 22 (76 p. 100). Excluding the 5 patients in whom embolization could not be achieved, the success rate was 92 p. 100. Embolization was attempted as an elective procedure in 54 patients who were not actively bleeding. Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 18 patients (33 p. 100) during the first month of follow-up. Finally, 38 patients rebled and and 57 died. No accident could be ascribed to the procedure. It is concluded that: (a) the transjugular approach proved to be safe in actively bleeding patients with severe cirrhosis; (b) variceal obliteration effectively controlled active bleeding. The efficacy of this procedure was limited in time. The use of embolization is further hindered by a consistent failure rate and by the development of new therapeutic modalities, such as sclerotherapy.
The psychological toll of slum living—an assessment of mental health, disability, and slum-related adversities in Mumbai, India
Authors: Ramnath Subbaraman, Laura B Nolan, Tejal Shitole, Kiran Sawant, Shrutika Shitole, Kunal Sood, Mahesh Nanarkar, Jess Ghannam, David E Bloom, Anita Patil-Deshmukh
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundFew studies have examined mental health in developing country slums. We ascertain the prevalence of common mental disorders in adults and identify slum-related stressors associated with risk of common mental disorders in a slum of 14 000 people in Mumbai, India.MethodsParticipants were selected with random sampling. We completed 521 interviews during February, 2012; the non-response rate was 9%. We administered the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ) to screen for common mental disorders, the WHO Disability Assesment Schedule 2.0 to screen for disability, and a slum stressor questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of having a common mental disorder. Linear regression was used to assess the contribution of GHQ score and physical impairments to disability (ie, WHO Disability Assesment Schedule 2.0).Findings121 (23%) of 521 individuals had a GHQ score of 5 or more (ie, high risk of common mental disorder). Factors associated with a GHQ score of 5 or more in the multivariate logistic regression model (R2=0·32, n=502) include age older than 45 years, having a loan, food insecurity, sleeping sitting up or outside because of overcrowding, being affected by rats, and paying a high price for water. 5–9 years of education and an income greater than 3000 rupees per month are protective against common mental disorders. In linear regression analyses, 22% of variation in the WHO Disability Assesment Schedule score is explained by GHQ score; only 19% is explained by physical impairments.InterpretationThis slum's burden of common mental disorders exceeds that for all other population-based Indian studies. Psychological distress contributes greatly to the disability burden of the slum. Interventions to address slum-related stressors and poverty might help to alleviate the high burden of mental illness and disability in slums.FundingThe Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellows Program at Vanderbilt (R24 TW007988), Harvard T32 post-doctoral clinical research fellowship (NIAID AI 007433), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (5R24HD047879), the National Institutes of Health (5T32HD007163), the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.
The Economic Cost of Diabetes in Canada, 1998
Authors: Keith G. Dawson, Daniel Gomes, Hertzel Gerstein, James F. Blanchard, Kristijan H. Kahler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—In Canada, diabetes poses a significant health problem, and current estimates of its economic burden have not incorporated the total cost of the disease. The objective of this study was to quantify the direct medical- and mortality-related productivity cost of diabetes in Canada for 1998. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Direct medical costs included hospital services, physician services, and medicines consumed by people with diabetes. These costs were based on a top-down costing methodology that allocated 1998 total medical expenditures to diabetes. The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and the relative risk of complications in people with diabetes were used to estimate the proportion of medical services that were consumed by people with diabetes. Mortality-related productivity losses were calculated using the human capital approach. RESULTS—After varying the assumptions in a sensitivity analysis, the total economic burden (in U.S. dollars) of diabetes and its chronic complications in Canada for 1998 was likely to be between $4.76 and $5.23 billion. In those people just with diagnosed diabetes, the direct medical costs associated with diabetes care, before considering any complications, were $573 million. Of the costs associated with the complications of diabetes, cardiovascular disease was by far the greatest, at $637 million. CONCLUSIONS—Cardiovascular disease was the major contributor to the direct costs of diabetes. The preventive management of diabetes should receive priority attention, and the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the patient with diabetes should become an imperative.
RETRACTED: Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-7 (IGFBP7); A Promising Gene Therapeutic for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Dong Chen, Ayesha Siddiq, Luni Emdad, Devaraja Rajasekaran, Rachel Gredler, Xue-Ning Shen, Prasanna K Santhekadur, Jyoti Srivastava, Chadia L Robertson, Igor Dmitriev, Elena A Kashentseva, David T Curiel, Paul B Fisher, Devanand Sarkar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were found between images within this article. Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image duplication in Figures 1B, 4, and 8A. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. No authors responded when contacted about the retraction.
New York debriefing is "a waste of time"
Authors: J. Siegel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The mandatory debriefing of 55 000 US police and firefighters who have participated in the evacuation of New York's World Trade Center, the searches for bodies, and the dismantling of remnants of the buildings is a waste of time and will not prevent anyone from developing post-traumatic stress disorder, says an Israeli psychologist and sleep expert.

Professor Peretz Lavie, one of the world's leading experts in sleep medicine and director of the sleep laboratory at the Technion-Israel Institute …
Immune Effector Cells Produce Lethal DNA Damage in Cells Treated with a Thiopurine
Authors: Ilse Daehn, Peter Karran
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Azathioprine, a widely used immunosuppressant, is also used in the control of inflammatory disorders. These are characterized by the local accumulation of immune effector cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The DNA of azathioprine-treated patients contains 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a base analogue that is particularly susceptible to oxidation. Here, we show that 6-TG is vulnerable to ROS produced by chemical oxidants and that cells containing DNA 6-TG are hypersensitive to these oxidants. We also show that 6-TG incorporated into the DNA of macrophages sensitizes them to killing by endogenously produced ROS. ROS generated by macrophages are also a hazard for cocultured nonmacrophage cells containing DNA 6-TG. This bystander vulnerability of cells containing DNA 6-TG to oxidation by ROS generated by immune effector cells has implications for the long-term use of azathioprine in the management of inflammatory disorders.
How Should We Treat Crohn's Disease?
Authors: Marvin H. Sleisenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The causes of Crohn's disease are unknown, and there is no specific treatment for it. We know that it is a chronic granulomatous disease of the small and large intestines and that it has a peak incidence in the second and third decades and a tendency to cause strictures, fistulas, and abscesses. It involves extraintestinal sites in 15 to 20 per cent of patients, and multiple surgical resections for complication are required in 75 to 90 per cent of patients. The activity of the disease fluctuates greatly, making assessment of short-term therapy particularly difficult.1 To date only adrenocortical steroids seem . . .
Endoscopic resection of a giant gastric polyp
Authors: R. Niehues, W. Domschke, T. Pohle
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 45-year-old woman was admitted to our department having suffered from intermittent abdominal pain in the preceding months. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a bizarrely shaped polyp, 10 cm in size and with a broad base located in the gastric body ([Fig. 1]), which at times protruded through the pylorus ([Fig. 2]). Such a giant gastric polyp is a rare finding [1] [2] [3] [4]. The surface of the polyp, positioned within the pyloric channel, was ulcerated. The polyp was easily retracted into the gastric cavity. Endosonographic examination revealed no major feeding vessels within the polyp. No infiltration into deeper layers of the gastric wall was observed. Histological study of biopsies taken gave no evidence of malignancy.
Scottish attitudes to blood donation and AIDS.
Authors: S. G. MacAskill, G. B. Hastings, R. E. McNeill, J. Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To see whether the issue of AIDS has influenced the observed decline in blood donation in Scotland. DESIGN--Two methods: a quantitative survey using personal interviews based on a questionnaire and a qualitative survey based on group discussions. SETTING--Interviews based on the questionnaire were conducted in the respondents9 homes. The group discussions were held in the homes of professional market research interviewers. PARTICIPANTS--For the quantitative survey a representative sample of 976 Scottish adults was selected by multistage sampling. In the qualitative survey 16 groups of five to eight respondents assigned according to donating experience and sociodemographic criteria took part. MAIN RESULTS--AIDS was not mentioned as a discouraging factor in donation, and off putting aspects identified before AIDS became a public issue remained salient--for example, fear of needles. Many (75%) thought it unlikely that donation entailed a risk of developing AIDS. Nevertheless, respondents were reluctant to consider the AIDS issue personally. Being asked to do so, as in the routine screening of donors, aroused fears and resentment. CONCLUSIONS--The issue of AIDS, including fear of infection, has not directly influenced the declining numbers of donors, but the unpleasant associations of AIDS have had an indirect effect, particularly in undermining the emotional benefits of giving blood. For example, the screening process, which requires potential donors to consider their personal risk from AIDS, had had the effect of discouraging donors in general. Redressing the balance is difficult as screening must be universally applied. Rather than minimising the issue of AIDS, publicity needs urgently to reassert the positive benefits of and rewards from giving blood.
Testing athletes, and banning those who take drugs, is unjustifiable
Authors: S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (2012)

How pleasant it will be to put aside the miseries of the economy and global warming, and indulge in the excitement of the London Olympic games. But how sad if this is spoilt by drug testing, public exposures, and destroyed athletic careers, when in the absence of a valid case against sports drugs this is illogical and immoral.

Sports training is hard, and for the supreme competition of the Olympics the effort has to be supreme; but why is help from drugs1 2 “cheating”—an unfair advantage from outside help rather than personal effort—when we allow specialised training equipment, sports psychologists, physiologists applying optimising monitors, electronic positioning of cyclists in relation to pedals and handlebars, and dieticians using foods and additives as drugs? What makes a covert team of sports specialists fair, and taking a pill cheating? Why is training in a low oxygen chamber acceptable but not erythropoietin?

Cheating—for example, tripping a competing runner—is confused with fairness; but in competitive sport you aim to win regardless, whether by personal application, help from others, or genetic good fortune. “Fairness” is for the level playing field of the looking glass world, where the faster you can …
Polyhydramnios: threat of a handicapped child.
Authors: A Walling
Journal: BMJ (1983)

illness and to answer the initial anxious questions as well as they can at this early stage of investigation.All those small but essential details are the houseman's lot.House surgeons assist at their patients' operations and perform a few operations under supervision, such as appendicectomies and stripping varicose veins.They also have their own operating list for minor opera- tions such as the removal of lumps in the skin.The senior house officer, registrar, or senior registrar is soon on the scene to check the houseman's findings, to agree initial treatment, to work out a strategy of investigation before the consultant's next visit, or to phone him to discuss the situation when matters cannot or should not wait.Housemen work long hours, but shorter than they did; soon they will not be permitted to be on first or second call for a total of more than 80 hours a week.Shifts are not worked as they are in many countries.The week is five days long for a start and is likely to include one night first on call for emergency admissions and one second on call.When first on call the houseman may be up for most of the night, but this gives no dispensation from the next day's work.One half day is supposed to be free for study or relaxation.One weekend in three the houseman lives in on first or second call.Two weeks' holiday are allowed in each six month post.When two house jobs have been completed satisfactorily, as they almost invariably are, the first period of a doctor's training is complete and he or she can apply for registration with the General Medical Council.Now the first career decisions must be made.
Highly chlorinated PCBs inhibit the human xenobiotic response mediated by the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR).
Authors: Michelle M Tabb, Vladyslav Kholodovych, Felix Grün, Changcheng Zhou, William J Welsh, Bruce Blumberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of persistent organic contaminants suspected to cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. In rodents, PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and pregnane X receptors (PXR) inducing the expression of catabolic cytochrome p450 enzymes of the CYP1A and 3A families. We found that certain highly chlorinated PCBs are potent activators of rodent PXR but antagonize its human ortholog, the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), inhibiting target gene induction. Thus, exposure to PCBs may blunt the human xenobiotic response, inhibiting the detoxification of steroids, bioactive dietary compounds, and xenobiotics normally mediated by SXR. The antagonistic PCBs are among the most stable and abundant in human tissues. These findings have important implications for understanding the biologic effects of PCB exposure and the use of animal models to predict the attendant risk.
The C-terminus of Hsp70-Interacting Protein Promotes Met Receptor Degradation
Authors: Kang Won Jang, Jeong Eun Lee, Sun Young Kim, Min-Woong Kang, Myung Hoon Na, Choong Sik Lee, Kyu Sang Song, Seung Pyung Lim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Plasmodium malaria resistant to chloroquine.
Authors: S C Allen
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Owing to these problems we prefer a "group specific" prediction instead of an individual one.7In this approach, time to progress from a defined degree of renal function to another is calculated in groups of patients with the same characteristics-for example, renal disease, sex, control of hyper- tension.This calculation can be done for different degrees of renal function.Such an approach is more helpful for patients and doctors than a "pseudo precise" model as our approach conveys an idea of the uncertainty of the prediction.
Immunologic Renal Disease
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In this age of rapid advances and instant communication, each new textbook is potentially more useful than its predecessor because it is more up to date. This particular one is detailed, elegantly illustrated, and well written. It covers the immunology of renal diseases in just over 1200 pages, of which the last 400 are dedicated to clinical nephrology, starting off with a discussion of hematuria and proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome, and the uses and perils of renal biopsy. A brief but nicely illustrated review of renal morphology is followed by chapters on immunosuppressive drugs and the interpretation of clinical studies and meta-analyses. Next come discussions of the primary glomerular diseases and some of the secondary ones, notably lupus, vasculitis, HIV infection, and certain systemic diseases, generally well written and bringing the reader up to date with the latest views on therapy. Much of this revolves around how, when, and for