tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic Assessment of the Effects of Combination Therapy With the Anticoagulants Efegatran and Heparin and the Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Platelet Receptor Antagonist 7E3 in a Canine Model of Coronary Artery Thrombosis
Authors: Timothy J. Shetler, V. Gail Crowe, Blanche D. Bailey, Charles V. Jackson
Journal: Circulation (1996)

There is a paucity of data regarding the antithrombotic pharmacology of the drug-drug interactions between the newer anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents. In this investigation, we have studied the antithrombotic effects of combinations of minimum effective doses of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor antagonist 7E3 [murine F(ab')2] with both heparin and the novel tripeptide arginal antithrombin efegatran (LY294468) in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis.Thrombogenesis was initiated by electrolytic injury of the intimal surface of the left circumflex coronary artery. The groups studied were efegatran (0.25 mg . kg-1. h-1), heparin (80 U/kg, single injection, plus 30 U . kg-1. h-1), 7E3 (0.4 mg/kg, single injection), 7E3+efegatran, and 7E3+heparin. The combination of 7E3+efegatran was found to maintain better vessel patency (P < .05) at the end of the experiment (4 of 5 vessels) than all other groups (0 of 5, 0 of 4, 1 of 6, 2 of 7, and 1 of 6 for the vehicle-, heparin-, 7E3-, efegatran-, and 7E3+heparin-treated groups, respectively). Bleeding times were increased (P < .05) in both the 7E3+heparin group (fourfold) and the 7E3+efegatran group (threefold). 7E3 alone and both combination treatments produced significant reductions in ADP, arachidonic acid, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, whereas efegatran and heparin abolished only thrombin-induced aggregation.The present investigation demonstrates that combination therapy with minimum effective doses of 7E3+efegatran provided enhanced antithrombotic efficacy compared with 7E3+heparin in this model of thrombosis.
Scanning electron microscopy of surface irregularities and thrombogenesis of polyurethane and polyethylene coronary catheters.
Authors: M G Bourassa, M Cantin, E B Sandborn, E Pederson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Following routine coronary arteriography, surface irregularities and thrombogenesis of the inner and outer wall of six Ducor polyurethane and six RPX polyethylene coronary catheters were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Polyurethane catheters had rough and highly irregular external and internal surfaces. All catheters showed adherent thrombi on their external surface. The internal surface of three catheters showed evidence of thrombosis. Polyethylene differed from polyurethane in several respects. Although the external surface had an irregular and wavelike appearance, the internal surface was smooth and regular. Two polyethylene catheters showed thrombi on their external surface. The internal surface of one catheter showed single platelets in one area. These results confirm recent reports showing that internal and external surface irregularities play a major role in the initiation of thrombosis in and on intravascular catheters. They stress the need for high quality catheter materials with smooth and regular surfaces in the prevention of thromboembolic complications from coronary arteriography.
Bacteria and newsprint
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

It's taken more than 40 years to get there, but I feel vindicated.

Tear off a one inch by one inch square of newspaper, the book said, and lay it on top of some damp soil in a plant pot. Place the pot in a warm place, keep it moist, and after a month or so the paper will have totally disappeared. Explanation: cellulolytic bacteria and fungi in the soil will have attacked the cellulose fibres of the newsprint, using it as an energy source.

I tried the experiment, not once but several times. Nothing happened. Even with different newspapers and soils the paper remained disappointingly resistant to biodegradation. So I consulted a teacher. It does not work with glossy paper, …
Drug-Related Deaths
Authors: Jane Porter
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  We have received numerous inquiries concerning our articles on drug-related deaths (216:467, 1971; 237:879, 1977) and wish to provide some additional data that put the results of both papers in perspective.  The proportion of patients with cancer or alcoholic liver disease was 35% in our original series of approximately 6,200 patients, as compared to only 18% in the latest series of approximately 26,500. Since a majority of the deaths attributed to drugs occurred in patients with these two illnesses, the difference in rates between the series is due, at least in part, to this important difference in the types of illness represented.  The overall death rate in the first series was also substantially higher (13%) than it was in our recent series (5%). The percentages of deaths attributed to drugs among those who died from any cause were similar in the two series, being about 3% and
A Novel Nuclear Protein, MGC5306 Interacts with DNA Polymerase β and Has a Potential Role in Cellular Phenotype
Authors: Liming Wang, Nandan Bhattacharyya, Diane M. Chelsea, Pedro F. Escobar, Sipra Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract A novel protein MGC5306 has been identified in yeast–two-hybrid analysis by screening a HeLa cDNA library with a truncated DNA polymeraseβ (polβΔ) as bait. The polβΔ is expressed in various types of cancers. Co-immunoprecipitation–Western blot analysis confirms not only its interaction with polβΔ but also with wild-type polβ. Binding to polβ indicates potential function of MGC5306 in repair pathway. Transfection of cells with MGC5306-GFP and Western blot analysis with anti-MGC5306 antibody reveal its nuclear localization. MGC5306 is expressed in human carcinomas and tumor cell lines but not in normal tissues, suggesting MGC5306 is most likely involved in carcinogenesis. An antigrowth activity and modulations of cell cycle events are identified in cells expressing siRNAMGC5306.
Paradoxical Relationships Between Anthropometric Variables and Phenotypic Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Polynesians of New Caledonia
Authors: Amandine Cournil, Roselyne Defay, Annie Lacroux, Sylvie Barny, Annick Fontbonne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

In the multiethnic population of New Caledonia, the CALDIA (CALedonia DIAbetes Mellitus) Study showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was much higher (15.3%) in Polynesians (mostly Wallisians) than in Melanesians or Europeans (8.4%) (1). Polynesians also exhibit high rates of obesity (2,3), known to be a risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (4,5). However, recent analyses of the CALDIA Study showed that despite high indexes of abdominal obesity, Polynesians had low fasting plasma insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (6). Since abdominal obesity is usually associated with impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, and/or hypertension, forming the metabolic syndrome (7,8), we investigated whether these features were present in this group, in comparison with Melanesians and Europeans.

The CALDIA Study is a large population-based study of diabetes prevalence in New Caledonia. The protocol has been previously described in detail (1). A population-based sample of 9,390 subjects, aged 30–59 years, residing in New Caledonia >10 years were visited at home for capillary blood glucose measurement. Among them, 643 subjects were known to have diabetes or had capillary blood glucose values ≥6.1 mmol/l when fasting or ≥7.8 mmol/l when not fasting (positive screenees). A total of 588 subjects (response rate 91.5%), together with 517 negative screenees matched …
NICE and value based pricing: what do we know?
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) currently issues guidance about the use of both old and new medicines and procedures. It is perhaps best known for its technology appraisals, of which it issues about 25 a year. Not all new drugs approved by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) are subsequently scrutinised by NICE, in fact only a minority are.

An advisory body assembles the evidence based on data supplied by the drug industry. NICE then issues guidance—an assessment of therapeutic benefit and economic impact of a drug—along with a recommendation for use. NICE rulings are mandatory for primary care trusts (PCTs): if NICE says a patient should have this drug—and, crucially, if their GP agrees—then the PCT has to pay.

The government is now set to strip NICE of its role to make a judgment on the cost of new drugs and on whether the NHS can afford them. Instead it wants to move to a system of value based pricing, where the government takes a central role in deciding on price and GP commissioners decide if the local NHS can afford the drugs.

It seems that NICE will still retain a key role in advising the government on the clinical value of individual drugs.

In some senses it is likely to be business as usual. The information on which decisions are based will essentially be the same as that used in current NICE judgments. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) are still a popular measure of the therapeutic benefits derived from drugs and are likely to remain a key tool.

Questions remain about the current data and models used by NICE, and about issues such as whether the impact of new drugs on carers should be taken into consideration when they are appraised. …
Prioritised ambulance call out may be necessary
Authors: D J Hall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Training ofoverseas qualified doctors in Britain EDrrOR,-The changes in postgraduate training for British graduates that are about to be implemented with the introduction of the specialist registrar grade offer an opportunity to achieve the goal of "planned, coordinated, and tailored" training for overseas qualified doctors.'It will require not only commitment but funding.The way forward is to integrate overseas trainees into regional training programmes in a way that complements the experience they can obtain in their own country.The specialty of urology receives many requests from overseas doctors for training in Britain; unfortunately, for historical reasons it has virtually no spare capacity in its higher surgical training programmes.Neverthe- less, many overseas doctors have been accommodated by being offered senior house officer posts or registrar posts not recognised for higher surgical training.With the implementation of the Calman proposals even these opportunities will disappear.An increase in training posts is urgently needed to meet the burgeoning demand for urology services and to reach the modest target of one consultant per 100000 population.During this period of expansion, which is likely to continue for at least 10-15 years, the training of overseas doctors will virtually stop unless some additional numbered posts are specially allocated and funded.The creation of just two such overseas posts per region would be a considerable contribution and would have the additional benefit of enabling British trainees to take full advantage of the "one year off service" that the training programme allows.This would be a splendid opportunity for the NHS and the profession to foster international good will and to contribute to the needs of the developing world.
Assessing Alexithymia and Type A Behavior in Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A Multimethod Approach
Authors: Margarita Beresnevaité, Graeme J. Taylor, R. Michael Bagby
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

Despite increasing emphasis on using multiple methods to assess personality constructs in psychosomatic research, previous investigations of relations between alexithymia and type A behavior (TAB) have been limited by the use of single methods of measurement and almost no attempt to assess subcomponents of TAB. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate levels of agreement between structured interview assessments of alexithymia, TAB, hostility, and time urgency and well-established self-report measures of these constructs, and (2) explore relations between alexithymia and TAB and its subcomponents in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).62 CHD patients were investigated 6 weeks after coronary angioplasty. Alexithymia was assessed with the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). TAB was assessed with the DCPR and the Short Form of the Jenkins Activity Survey Type A scale (JAS-SF). Time urgency was assessed with the DCPR and the Speed/Impatience scale of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS-S), and hostility was assessed with the DCPR and the Hostility subscale of the Revised Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-HOS).The DCPR classifications showed reasonably high levels of agreement with the TAS-20 and JAS-SF classifications of alexithymia and TAB, but lower levels of agreement in identifying patients with high hostility on the SCL-HOS and high time urgency on the JAS-S. Alexithymia measured by both the DCPR and the TAS-20 was unrelated to both self-report and structured interview measures of TAB, hostility, and time urgency.The DCPR is a suitable screening instrument for assessing alexithymia and TAB, although the two constructs are unrelated.
A father's worst nightmare.
Authors: A. J. Crisp
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Two years ago my 12 year old son was killed in a car accident and my wife and 10 year old daughter suffered multiple fractures.The first year was a nightmare and the second year has been a bad dream.Perhaps my therapeutic catharsis may help other doctors who deal daily with disasters.I have always found the paranormal fascinating but had never experienced anything remotely paranormal.On the night of the accident I arrived home and found no one there.I immediately knew that something terrible had happened.I rushed from room to room looking for evidence of a burglary or even a struggle.I recall the "I turned to cuddle him, but as I turned the knees disappeared."
Improving Batterer Intervention Programs Through Theory-Based Research
Authors: Gregory L. Stuart, Jeff R. Temple, Todd M. Moore
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efferocytosis impairs pulmonary macrophage and lung antibacterial function via PGE2/EP2 signaling
Authors: Alexandra I. Medeiros, Carlos H. Serezani, Sang Pyo Lee, Marc Peters-Golden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

The ingestion of apoptotic cells (ACs; termed “efferocytosis”) by phagocytes has been shown to trigger the release of molecules such as transforming growth factor β, interleukin-10 (IL-10), nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Although the antiinflammatory actions of these mediators may contribute to the restoration of homeostasis after tissue injury, their potential impact on antibacterial defense is unknown. The lung is highly susceptible to diverse forms of injury, and secondary bacterial infections after injury are of enormous clinical importance. We show that ACs suppress in vitro phagocytosis and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages and that this is mediated by a cyclooxygenase–PGE2–E prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2)–adenylyl cyclase–cyclic AMP pathway. Moreover, intrapulmonary administration of ACs demonstrated that PGE2 generated during efferocytosis and acting via EP2 accounts for subsequent impairment of lung recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as enhanced generation of IL-10 in vivo. These results suggest that in addition to their beneficial homeostatic influence, antiinflammatory programs activated by efferocytosis in the lung have the undesirable potential to dampen innate antimicrobial responses. They also identify an opportunity to reduce the incidence and severity of pneumonia in the setting of lung injury by pharmacologically targeting synthesis of PGE2 or ligation of EP2.
Fire, gases, smoke lower crash survival chances
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Smoke was discovered in the jet airliner's lavatory. Airport firefighters reached the jet as soon as its emergency landing was completed. But, says the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB): "About 60 to 90 seconds after the exits were opened, a flash fire engulfed the airplane['s] interior.... 23 passengers were unable to get out and died." That was in 1983. Now, the Federal Aviation Administration is requiring that, within three years, slower-burning seat coverings (of material to be selected by the airline but conforming to federal requirements) be installed in planes designed for 30 or more persons. Within two years, the agency says, these larger aircraft also must have emergency escape path markings or lighting on or near the floor to help guide passengers to safety when overhead emergency lighting is obscured by smoke. And, by the end of this month, the agency is expected to decide whether to require the
Why are so many people dying on Everest?
Authors: A. I Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I t used to be thought that it would be physiologically impossible to climb Mount Everest with or without oxygen. In 1953 Hillary and Tenzing proved that it was possible to reach the summit with oxygen and in 1978 Messner and Habeler demonstrated it was possible without oxygen. Although Everest has not changed, we now have a better understanding of acclimatisation, improved climbing equipment, and established routes with fixed lines guiding climbers up to the summit. For those climbing with oxygen, the cylinders are much lighter.

It would therefore seem logical that climbing Everest might have become an altogether less deadly activity. However, this year the unofficial body count on Mount Everest has reached 15, the most since the disaster of 1996 when 16 people died, eight in one night following an unexpected storm. An analysis of the death rate on Mount Everest between 1980 and 2002 found it had not changed over the years, with about one death for every 10 successful ascents. A sobering statistic for anyone who reaches the summit is that you have approximately a 1 …
NOTE ON THE CHANGES IN THE RED CELL PRODUCED BY THE MALIGNANT TERTIAN PARASITE
Authors: J. W. W. Stephens, S. R. Christophers
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE "stippling " of the red c'1l produced by the simple tertian parasite is well known.The appearance is that known as Schutffner's dots, and is seen most characteristically in specimens stained by the Romanowsky method.In the case of the malignant tertian parasite a change in the red cell is also known, observable in the fresh specimen, and
Formation of factor Va by atherosclerotic rabbit aorta mediates factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation.
Authors: G M Rodgers, W H Kane, R E Pitas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Vascular cell procoagulant activity may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, we described the ability of the atherogenic metabolite homocysteine to activate endothelial cell Factor V, a key coagulation cofactor for thrombin generation. The present study was designed to investigate Factor V activity and Factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation by control and atherosclerotic aorta from normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Factor Xa generated ninefold more thrombin on atherosclerotic aortic segments than on control segments. Atherosclerotic segments activated 125I-prothrombin with Factor Xa in the presence of the thrombin inhibitor dansyl arginine-4-ethylpiperidine amide and cleaved 125I-Factor V. This suggests that increases in vessel-wall Factor V activity and Factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation result from activation of vessel-wall Factor V. 125I-Factor Va peptides generated by atherosclerotic aorta were very similar in molecular weight to those generated by homocysteine-treated cells. When vascular endothelium was mechanically removed by brushing, atherosclerotic vessels still generated four- to fivefold more thrombin than control vessels. These data and results from immunocytochemical studies suggest that Factor V in atherosclerotic vessels is associated with both endothelium and other cells of the lesion. In contrast, Factor V in control vessels is associated primarily with endothelium. The increases in Factor V activity and thrombin formation in the blood vessel wall of hypercholesterolemic rabbits may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications.
Allergic rhinitis and risk of erectile dysfunction – a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: V. Y.‐F. Su, C.‐J. Liu, M.‐Y. Lan, Y.‐M. Chen, K.‐C. Su, Y.‐C. Lee, T.‐J. Chen, K.‐T. Chou
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence has disclosed that allergic rhinitis ( AR ) is a systemic inflammatory disease. Inflammatory mediators and cells involved in AR have also been reported to be implicated in the process of atherosclerosis, which is relevant to the occurrence of erectile dysfunction ( ED ). Our objective was to explore the relationship between AR and future ED events. Methods From 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2008, we identified male patients, who were aged 18–55 years and newly diagnosed with AR from the T aiwan N ational H ealth I nsurance R esearch D atabase. A control cohort without AR , which was matched for age, comorbidities and medications, was selected for comparison. The two cohorts were followed up until 31 December 2009 and observed for occurrence of ED by registry of ED diagnosis in the database. Results Of the 128 118 sampled male patients (64 059 AR patients vs 64 059 matched controls), 1455 (1.16%) experienced ED during a mean follow‐up period of 5.82 years, including 844 (1.32% of the AR patients) from the AR cohort and 611 (0.95%) from the controls. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a tendency of AR patients to develop ED (log‐rank test, P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting confounder variables by Cox regression, subjects with AR experienced a 1.37‐fold (95% CI , 1.24–1.52; P &lt; 0.001) increase in incident ED . The risk of ED was higher in cases with more frequent clinical visits for AR and in cases needing medication more than 4 weeks. Conclusions Patients with AR appeared to be at higher risk of future ED , possibly in a severity‐dependent manner.
The clinical utility and prognostic value of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping in light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: Bruno Paiva, María-Belén Vídriales, José J. Pérez, María-Consuelo López-Berges, Ramón García-Sanz, Enrique M. Ocio, Natalia de las Heras, Rebeca Cuello, Alfonso García de Coca, Emilia Pardal, José Alonso, Magdalena Sierra, Abelardo Bárez, José Hernández, Lissbett Suárez, Josefina Galende, María-Victoria Mateos, Jesús F. San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Clinical Relevance of Compound Heterozygosity for the C282Y and H63D Substitutions in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Alissa Walsh, Jeannette L. Dixon, Grant A. Ramm, David G. Hewett, Douglas J. Lincoln, Gregory J. Anderson, V. Nathan Subramaniam, Julian Dodemaide, Juleen A. Cavanaugh, Mark L. Bassett, Lawrie W. Powell
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)