tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disk Battery Ingestion
Authors: Barry H. Rumack
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Ingestions of the small, disk-shaped "button" batteries used to power watches, cameras, and hearing aids have increased in frequency during the past several years. Ingestions of these smooth objects, primarily by children younger than 5 years, have not been addressed in previous reported series of foreign-body ingestions. Two series of cases of battery ingestions and one additional case are reported in this issue ofThe Journal(see also pp 2495, 2502, and 2504). The data presented clearly show that we cannot any longer consider these batteries to be nonhazardous, smooth foreign bodies. There is a significant potential for major injury associated with these ingestions. Physicians must be aware of the correct treatment and be prepared to institute it rapidly. The public must be educated as to the potential hazard. The two reports seem to have divergent therapeutic recommendations. Since both approaches are a departure from currently accepted methods, a new
Silcock's base
Authors: F. O. C. Meenam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Silcock's base Get access F. O. C. Meenam F. O. C. Meenam 28 Fitzwilliarn Square, Dublin 2, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 2, 1 February 1985, Pages 246–247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb00092.x Published: 01 February 1985
A Quantitative Sensory Analysis of Peripheral Neuropathy in Colorectal Cancer and Its Exacerbation by Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy
Authors: Mariana de Carvalho Barbosa, Alyssa K. Kosturakis, Cathy Eng, Gwen Wendelschafer-Crabb, William R. Kennedy, Donald A. Simone, Xin S. Wang, Charles S. Cleeland, Patrick M. Dougherty
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Peripheral neuropathy caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially platins and taxanes, is a widespread problem among cancer survivors that is likely to continue to expand in the future. However, little work to date has focused on understanding this challenge. The goal in this study was to determine the impact of colorectal cancer and cumulative chemotherapeutic dose on sensory function to gain mechanistic insight into the subtypes of primary afferent fibers damaged by chemotherapy. Patients with colorectal cancer underwent quantitative sensory testing before and then prior to each cycle of oxaliplatin. These data were compared with those from 47 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Patients showed significant subclinical deficits in sensory function before any therapy compared with healthy volunteers, and they became more pronounced in patients who received chemotherapy. Sensory modalities that involved large Aβ myelinated fibers and unmyelinated C fibers were most affected by chemotherapy, whereas sensory modalities conveyed by thinly myelinated Aδ fibers were less sensitive to chemotherapy. Patients with baseline sensory deficits went on to develop more symptom complaints during chemotherapy than those who had no baseline deficit. Patients who were tested again 6 to 12 months after chemotherapy presented with the most numbness and pain and also the most pronounced sensory deficits. Our results illuminate a mechanistic connection between the pattern of effects on sensory function and the nerve fiber types that appear to be most vulnerable to chemotherapy-induced toxicity, with implications for how to focus future work to ameloirate risks of peripheral neuropathy.
Foreshortened Phantom Limbs and Phocomelia
Authors: Samuel A. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:  —Phocomelia and the foreshortened (telescoped) phantom limbs reported by some amputees have elements in common:  In both phenomena the distal part (hand or foot) is closer to the joint, with the intermediate parts foreshortened or absent. The distal parts have greater cortical representation on the Penfield-Boldrey 1 homunculus than the intervening long bones.  The upper limbs are more often involved and affected in phocomelia induced by ingestion of thalidomide. 2, 3 Similarly, foreshortened phantoms characterize the upper, more than the lower, limbs. 4   The cephalocaudad or proximodistad principle of development underlies embryological growth and is apparently related to both phenomena. This principle states that physical growth, especially embryological growth, tends to begin in the head and to progress toward the tail end. The principle also refers to the tendency of growth to proceed from shoulder and thigh toward fingers and toes. The upper limbs are higher on
Fitness to travel by air. II: specific medical considerations.
Authors: F J Mills, R M Harding
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Several specific medical conditions have to be carefully assessed before a decision may be taken on whether it is in the interests of either the patient or the airline for a particular passenger to fly. Psychiatric disordersFlying often provokes anxiety and presents a person with several unusual stimuli including noise, vibration, disruption of sleep, the proximity of strangers, and a change of location.Unexpected delays, often duringtransit stops in foreign countries, may cause further disturbances both mental and physical.For these reasons patients with psychiatric disorders, who may have been living a regular undisturbed routine for many years in a sheltered environment, need careful consideration before being allowed to fly.Also, because of the need to ensure the comfort and safety of other passengers, airlines usually expect a psychiatric patient to be escorted, either by a relative or a qualified mental nurse, the level of expertise depending on the severity of the illness.At worst the patient may require constant sedation, but the agent should be carefully chosen.For example, drugs with anticholinergic activity may predispose to increased intestinal gas, which-when aggravated by altitude- may reduce the mobility of the diaphragm and impair respiration.'Sedated patients are also more likely to develop barotrauma and, because of the risk of deep vein thrombosis and nerve palsy due to prolonged sitting, they should be restrained in a supine position on long journeys.For this purpose an aircraft stretcher can be provided after consultation with the airline's medical department.Several hundred stretcher cases are carried by British Airways each year, usually for reasons other than chemical sedation, but the extra room needed to accommodate a stretcher has to be paid for by the passenger; usually he is expected to pay for a maximum of four seats though up to nine may have to be occupied.2Terminal illnesses Terminally ill patients often wish to travel by air either to spend their last days at a specific location or to visit relatives
James Spowart McCracken
Authors: Tom O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pioneer of cervical screeningBetty Macgregor was the cytologist who made northeast Scotland the United Kingdom's first centre for systematic cervical screening.It was because of her published results that screening was taken up throughout the UK.She published important papers on many aspects of screening, including cervical cytology, the epidemiology of cervical cancer, improving the prognosis, cost effectiveness, cervical abnormalities in various subgroups of women, and the problems of false negative results.Her booklet Taking Uterine Cervical Smears (1982), published by the British Society of Clinical Cytology, sold 25 000 copies.Betty McPherson was born in Glasgow in 1920.When she was 7 her mother died from tuberculosis.Betty studied medicine at Glasgow University during the second world war, qualifying in 1943.She met Alastair Macgregor there, and they married a year later.She did her house jobs at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Western General Hospital.During the next few years she raised their four children and worked part time in child welfare clinics.In 1958
HYPERINTENSE CORONARY PLAQUE ON NON-CONTRAST T1-WEIGHTED CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CAROTID ARTERY INFLAMMATION EVALUATED BY [18F]-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Atsushi Tanaka, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Teruo Noguchi, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Takaya Fukuyama, Nobuhiko Koga, Teruo Inoue, Koichi Node
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Arrest of Premature Labor
Authors: Edward H. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Premature labor occurs in about 10% of all pregnancies and is the most frequent complication of the last half of pregnancy. At present, the etiology remains undetermined in about half of these premature labors. Treatment in these cases must therefore be symptomatic. One hundred and fifty-six patients in premature labor were treated by the use of a uterine relaxant, isoxsuprine. In 39 (25%) of the cases the course was unaffected, but in the remainder there was significant arrest of labor. In 33 (21%) labor was arrested for more than 7 days, but a premature birth followed. In 66 (42%) labor was arrested long enough for the birth of a mature infant weighing more than 2,500 gm.
Phasic and Mean Blood Flow in the Canine Septal Artery and an Estimate of Systolic Resistance in Deep Myocardial Vessels
Authors: RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN, THOMAS W. MOIR, THOMAS E. DRISCOL
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Phasic flow in the canine septal artery was recorded with an orifice meter supplied by pulsatile aortic pressure. Flow patterns were recorded when right ventricular pressure was normal and contrasted with those following elevation of right ventricular pressure in order to minimize the dynamic effect of the superficial component of the artery. Results indicate that elevation of right ventricular pressure increases the early systolic backflow, largely prevents mid-systolic forward flow, and accentuates early diastolic flow. It is suggested that this pattern does not represent that in arterioles in deep layers of the myocardium. In other experiments the septal artery was perfused through an orifice meter at variable pressures to determine the pressure required to negate mid-systolic flow at high right ventricular pressures. The results indicate that pressures considerably above aortic or right ventricular systolic pressures are required to generate forward mid-systolic septal flow. The mean septal flow was quantitated in terms of total common left inflow. It was found that an average of 16.0% of common left flow enters the septal artery. The significance of this has been discussed in terms of its relationship to the venous drainage of common left coronary arterial inflow.
A Guide to Ethnic Minority Neighborhood Outreach
Authors: M. R D Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

American Health Decisions, 505 South Main Street, Orange, CA 92668, USA, $15, pp 32

A Guide to Ethnic Minority Neighborhood Outreach derives from the “Oregon experiment,” that bold attempt to open up health policy making to a more populist agenda. This booklet is intended as a “candid straight-from-the-heart assessment of what works and what doesn't” in community based initiatives. It sounds ideal for the new, evidence led, primary care driven, community caring NHS.

As in Britain, the Americans found a low turnout of “minority people” at public meetings. Their solution was a positive strategy of outreach. To arrive at this conclusion, they make the point that “though it may be difficult to openly recognise, everyone …
Neurological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: six month follow-up study.
Authors: P J Shaw, D Bates, N E Cartlidge, D Heaviside, J M French, D G Julian, D A Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1986)

As part of a major prospective study of the neurological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients were reviewed over six months to determine the clinical course and functional impact of early postoperative complications. One hundred and ninety one out of 312 (61%) patients had developed early postoperative disorders. At six months 165 of the 191 patients with early neurological complications were reviewed. Of the 165, 85 still had detectable neurological signs, but these were often minor and of little functional importance. Only 10 patients had neurological disability at six months, and this was major in only four patients, all of whom had suffered major perioperative stroke. No patient with non-disabling neurological complications in hospital became functionally impaired on returning home. Neurological disorders are not a major cause of failure to return to work by six months after coronary artery bypass surgery. Of 139 patients who were of working age and had not returned to work by six months, only four were prevented by neurological injury related to surgery. The long term prognosis for early neurological disorders after coronary artery bypass surgery is usually favourable, except in those patients who have sustained major perioperative stroke.
Biological and Clinical Aspects of the Fetus
Authors: Richard H. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book is comprised of eight chapters, which cover topics even broader than implied in the title. The first and last chapters, entitled, "Biology of the Mammalian Embryos in the Preimplantation Stages" and "Normal and Abnormal Human Development in the Early Prenatal Stage," deal almost entirely with embryology. The six intervening chapters deal with fetal growth and the intrauterine environment, hormonal evaluations, ultrasonographic evaluations, and prenatal genetic diagnosis. The sequencing of topics is poorly done and the constant change in emphasis is detracting. Specific clinical applications are presented that involve genetic diagnosis, ultrasonic evaluation, and estriol evaluation. The chapter "Fetal Growth and the Intrauterine Environment" presents a comprehensive overview and deals briefly with clinical application. Determination of the normal growth patterns and differentiation of abnormal states are dealt with in a practical approach. The basic physiology and pathology mechanisms relating to maternofetal circulation and placental transfer are well illustrated. Presentations
Sirtuin 1 inhibition delays cyst formation in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Xia Zhou, Lucy X. Fan, William E. Sweeney, John M. Denu, Ellis D. Avner, Xiaogang Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 and is characterized by the development of multiple bilateral renal cysts that replace normal kidney tissue. Here, we used Pkd1 mutant mouse models to demonstrate that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent (NAD-dependent) protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in the pathophysiology of ADPKD. SIRT1 was upregulated through c-MYC in embryonic and postnatal Pkd1-mutant mouse renal epithelial cells and tissues and could be induced by TNF-α, which is present in cyst fluid during cyst development. Double conditional knockouts of Pkd1 and Sirt1 demonstrated delayed renal cyst formation in postnatal mouse kidneys compared with mice with single conditional knockout of Pkd1. Furthermore, treatment with a pan-sirtuin inhibitor (nicotinamide) or a SIRT1-specific inhibitor (EX-527) delayed cyst growth in Pkd1 knockout mouse embryonic kidneys, Pkd1 conditional knockout postnatal kidneys, and Pkd1 hypomorphic kidneys. Increased SIRT1 expression in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells regulated cystic epithelial cell proliferation through deacetylation and phosphorylation of Rb and regulated cystic epithelial cell death through deacetylation of p53. This newly identified role of SIRT1 signaling in cystic renal epithelial cells provides the opportunity to develop unique therapeutic strategies for ADPKD.
The Impact of Clinical History on Mammographic Interpretations
Authors: Joann G. Elmore
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether mammographic interpretations are biased by the patient's clinical history. <h3>Design.</h3> —On 2 occasions, separated by a 5-month wash-out period, 10 radiologists read mammograms for the same 100 women, randomly divided into 2 groups of 50. For 1 group, the clinical history was supplied for the first reading and omitted (except for age) for the second reading. This sequence was reversed in the other group. In addition, 5 cases were shown a third time with a deliberately leading sham history. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Selected with stratified random sampling from 3 categories of diagnostic findings (64 had mammographic abnormalities) and from the definitive designation of breast cancer or no breast cancer (18 had breast cancer). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Radiologists' diagnostic accuracy and directional changes in interpretations and recommendations between the 2 readings. <h3>Results.</h3> —The direction suggested by the history led to small but consistent changes in the interpretations. Overall diagnostic accuracy was not altered, but recommendations were affected for appropriate further diagnostic workup: an alerting history (eg, breast symptoms or family history of breast cancer) increased the number of workups recommended in patients without cancer (<i>P</i>=.01); and a nonalerting history led to fewer recommended workups in the cancer patients (<i>P</i>=.02). The direction of the sham histories led an average of 4 of the 10 radiologists to change previous diagnoses and an average of 1 radiologist to change a previous biopsy recommendation. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Knoweldge of the clinical history may alter a radiologist's level of diagnostic suspicion without improving performance in either diagnosis or management recommendations.
Cytochalasin B is a potent mitogen for chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro.
Authors: R A Larson, S Yachnin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

It is widely accepted that the neoplastic B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) respond poorly to common mitogens. The fungal metabolite cytochalasin B (0.5 micrograms/ml) is a weak mitogen for normal lymphocytes. However, when peripheral blood lymphocytes from 19 patients with CLL of B cell origin (B-CLL) were cultured with 0.5 micrograms cytochalasin B/ml, significant new DNA synthesis ( [14C]thymidine incorporation) occurred in 18. Stimulation indices with cytochalasin B varied widely (range = 1.9-28.2, mean +/- SD = 10.6 +/- 7.5; delta cpm range = 1,157-153,818; n = 26) but in 11 cases exceeded those seen with concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin, or pokeweed mitogen. In all 11, the mitogenic response to cytochalasin B exceeded that to pokeweed mitogen, which is believed to be a T cell-dependent B cell mitogen. In three cases, the responses to cytochalasin B were 8.6, 3.5, and 2.3 times greater than those to Con A. As with other mitogens, the DNA synthetic response to cytochalasin B was time and dose dependent. Peak thymidine incorporation occurred at 72-88 h and declined thereafter. Significant mitogenic effects were observed with 0.1-5 micrograms cytochalasin B/ml with a peak at 0.5-2 micrograms/ml. Stimulated DNA synthesis was abolished by 1 mM hydroxyurea. Cells from two patients with B-CLL were separated by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes (E). Depletion of E-rosette-positive cells from the CLL cell population abolished the response to Con A but did not affect the response to cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B is a potent mitogen for B-CLL cells and may be useful in cytogenetic studies of this often indolent neoplasm.
Quality of life: philosophical question or clinical reality?
Authors: M. L. Slevin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

general population.It is reasonable, therefore, that these children should be tested in some way, but clearly the standard clinical tests are contraindicated.We suggest that all infants with a family history of osteogenesis imperfecta or with suggestive clinical signs, such as unusually blue sclerae or large fontanelles, should be tested by other methods.The recent improvements in ultrasound screening mean that this is probably the method of choice at present.'"We are grateful for the support of the Rehabilitation and Medical Research Trust and of the White Top Foundation.We thank members of the Brittle Bone Society for their help and Dr Susan McAllion for her part in classifying the patients.
Kinetic model for production and metabolism of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides. Evidence for a slow production pathway and results for normolipidemic subjects.
Authors: L A Zech, S M Grundy, D Steinberg, M Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

A model for the synthesis and degradation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) in man is proposed to explain plasma VLDL-TG radioactivity data from studies conducted over a 48-h interval after injection of glycerol labeled with 14C, 3H, or both. The curve describing the radioactivity of plasma VLDL triglycerides reaches a maximum at about 2 h, after which the decay is biphasic in all cases; the late curvature becoming evident only after 8--12 h. To fit the complex curve, it was necessary to postulate two pathways for the incorporation of plasma glycerol into VLDL-TG, one much slower than the other. A process of stepwise delipidation of VLDL in the plasma compartment, previously proposed for VLDL apoprotein models, was also necessary. Predicted VLDL-TG synthesis rates calculated with this model can differ significantly from those based on experiments of shorter duration in which the slow VLDL-TG component is not apparent. The results of these studies strongly support the interpretation that the late, slow component of the VLDL-TG activity curve is predominantly due to the slowly turning-over precursor compartment in the conversion pathway and is not due either to a slow compartment in the labeled precursor, plasma free glycerol, or to an exchange of plasma VLDL-TG with an extravascular compartment. It also cannot, in these studies, be attributed to a slowly turning-over VLDL-TG moiety in the plasma. The model was tested with data from 59 studies including normal subjects and patients with obesity and(or) various forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. Good fits were obtained in all cases, and the estimated parameter values and their uncertainties for 13 normolipemic nonobese subjects are presented. Sensitivty testing was carried out to determine how critical various parameter estimations are to the assumptions introduced in the modeling.
Palindromic rheumatism and Felty's syndrome.
Authors: P G Davies, P W Thompson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The coexistence of palindromic rheumatism and Felty9s syndrome in a single patient is described. It is likely that these two manifestations are linked with the patient9s possession of HLA-DR4 and that they are prodromata of the patient9s eventual development of rheumatoid arthritis.