tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC HEADACHE AND PAIN IN THE EYES RELIEVED BY A NASAL OPERATION
Authors: R. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1928)

AirTHOUGHI there is nCothinig new in theo relief of paini by a nasal operation, tlhe tlhreoe following cases are reported because tlhe indicationis for the op)erationi weie so inidefiniite, and the diagnosis so obscure, that the tlhreve patients liad sought medical relief, many times, in v-aini. CASE I.An unmarried womani, a teacher, aged 32, had suffered from frontal headachle for tell years, anid from paiii behind the left eye and along the nose to the tip for one year.In addition, slhe had often been off work for general debility.Oli several occasions a " tired heart " had beeni diagnosed, and she was particularly troubled by the alterationi in her menital conditioin.She sometimes, for example, felt unable to reply to a tr adesmani calling at the door, could not zoncentrate, or had a "sense of fear."She left town for the country, and finally for New Zealand, on account of the " troublesome pressure " in her head, and had returned on holidav when I saw her.Ther was nothiing -in the eyes to account for the paini.Glasses had failed on three occasions to relieve her, and there was nlO muscular imbalance.There were, however, two clues-tlhc patient's past histolry and the fields of vision.1.The Pest History.--She had had post-nasal catarrhll, cer tainily sinco the agc of 14, and probably four years earlier, when she had measles.As a child she always had colds in the head, had suffered from frontal headaches and " muddled head," and was seldom clear-headed.At 19 she was usinig fifty handkerchiefs a week.At 22 part of the left middle turbinate was iemoved, and this reduced the catarrh, so that she afterwards only soaked two handkerchiefs before breakfast, the discharge coming mostly from the left side of the nose.But the operationi was followed by the frontal headache, from whiclh she conitiniued to suffer for ten years.
Research on the Fetus
Authors: Michael M. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Let us reiterate forcefully that our COMMENTARY was directed toward issues concerning abortus research, not toward  per se. The Supreme Court of the United States has decided that the constitutional right to privacy prohibits the State from interfering with a woman's right to control her own reproductive process (see MEDICOLEGAL ROUNDS [229:338, 1974]); thus, charges such as abortion is not a victimless crime should be aimed at the Constitution of the United States and those who interpret it.  As our COMMENTARY related only to abortus research conducted responsibly and properly... once life has departed, statements such as lawless laissez-faire, legislative carte blanche, libertine conclusions, and it must lead inevitably to comparisons with German concentration camps and research on designates for death are out of place. Our words clearly imply that we also are concerned with ethical guidelines for fetal experimentation. Guidelines covering all aspects of medical
The motility of the pelvic colon: Part II Paradoxical motility in diarrhoea and constipation
Authors: A. M. Connell
Journal: Gut (1962)

The intraluminal pressure changes of the pelvic colon in subjects suffering from active diarrhoea have been compared with those in normal subjects and in subjects with intractable constipation. Patients studied during a phase of active diarrhoea have significantly fewer intraluminal pressure changes than normal subjects. Young patients with chronic severe constipation have a tendency to more active motility than normal subjects, but other constipated persons tend to have hypomotile records. The relationship of these pressure changes to the aetiology of diarrhoea and constipation is discussed.
Dose Response of Inhaled Dry-Powder Insulin and Dose Equivalence to Subcutaneous Insulin Lispro
Authors: Klaus M. Rave, Leszek Nosek, Amparo de la Peña, Mary Seger, Charles S. Ernest, Lutz Heinemann, Richard P. Batycky, Douglas B. Muchmore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and glucodynamic (GD) dose response of human insulin inhalation powder (HIIP) delivered via AIR particle technology and dose equivalence to subcutaneous (SC) insulin lispro. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twenty healthy, nonsmoking, male or female subjects (aged 29.6 ± 6.9 years, BMI 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2, means ± SD) with normal forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were enrolled in an open-label, randomized, seven-period, euglycemic glucose clamp, cross-over trial. Each subject received up to four single doses of HIIP (2.6, 3.6, 5.2, or 7.8 mg) and three doses of SC lispro (6, 12, or 18 units) from 5 to 18 days apart. RESULTS—HIIP demonstrated a similar rapid onset but an extended time exposure and a prolonged duration of effect (late t50% 412 vs. 236 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared with SC lispro. The HIIP versus SC lispro doses of 2.6 mg vs. 6 units, 5.2 mg vs. 12 units, and 7.8 mg vs. 18 units achieved similar PK area under the serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration-versus-time curve from time zero until the serum IRI concentrations returned to the predose baseline value [AUC(0-t′)] and GD (Gtot) responses. The median insulin (tmax) was not different between HIIP and SC lispro (45 min for both), although the median time of return to baseline for PK was apparently longer for HIIP compared with SC lispro (480 vs. 360 min). Relative bioavailability and relative biopotency of HIIP were consistent across doses (8 and 9%). CONCLUSIONS—While the time-action profile was longer for HIIP than for SC lispro, both treatments showed rapid initial absorption and similar overall PK exposure and GD effect. HIIP was as well tolerated as SC lispro, thereby offering a promising alternative to injectable insulin therapy.
AGEs and their interaction with AGE-receptors in vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. I. The AGE concept
Authors: A Bierhaus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: This is the first part of a bipartite review that summarizes the rising knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their contribution to diabetic complications and vascular disease. While the first part presented here focusses on AGE formation, the second part will describe the AGE-protein/receptor interactions and their role in mediating AGE-dependent intracellular signalling. Results: Nonenzymatic glycation, in which reducing sugars are covalently attached to free amino groups and ultimately form AGEs, has been found to occur during normal aging and at accelerated rate in diabetes mellitus. Oxidation, accompanying glycation in vivo, further supports chemical modifications. AGE formation and protein crosslinking are irreversible processes that alter the structural and functional properties of proteins, lipid components and nucleic acids. AGE modifications do not only change the physicochemical properties of the afflicted molecules, but also induce cellular signalling, activation of transcription factors and subsequent gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: AGEs elicit a wide range of cell-mediated responses that might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, vascular and renal disease and Alzheimer's disease. Substances that inhibit AGE formation, reduce oxidative stress or destroy already formed crosslinks may limit the progression of disease and may offer new tools for therapeutic interventions in the therapy of AGEs mediated disease.
Weil's Disease in Coal-mine Workers
Authors: T. H. Jenkins, Wm. C. Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1946)

WELL'S DISEASE AMONG COAL-MINERSMEIAJORL children belonging to larger families reflects, we believe, an inadequate standard of living among at least a proportion of those composing these groups.Our grateful thanks are due to the teachers, particularly to the heads of the three sections of the school-Mr.J. A. Richardson, Mr. H. S.Jones, and Miss G. Ellis-for their generous co-operation in this investigation with all the extra work it threw
beta2 integrin-mediated adherence does not modulate superoxide anion release from neutrophils and subsequent lipid peroxidation of surrounding fibroblasts
Authors: J. Dissemond, L-A. Schneider, P. Brenneisen, T. Peters, M. Wlaschek, P. Klein, R. Hinrichs, K. Scharffetter- Kochanek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, Adhesion molecules from the integrin superfamily play a major role in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions.1 CD18 is the common chain of all heterodimeric β2 integrins, a group of clusters which encompasses lymphocyte function antigen‐1 (CD11a/CD18), macrophage antigen‐1 (MAC‐1/CD11b/ CD18), gp150,95 (CD11c/CD18) and CD11d/CD18. A major disturbance in the constitution and expression of these molecules, as recently established by generation of a CD18 knockout mouse, results in a phenotype closely resembling leucocyte adhesion deficiency‐1, a rare genetically determined disease in humans.2 The CD18 knockout mouse suffers from defective T‐cell function and spontaneous skin ulceration and thus demonstrates the importance of β2 integrins for co‐ordinated reconstitution of cellular and matrix components and regulation of leucocyte diapedesis and movement to sites of inflammation.2 A characteristic feature of the early phase of wound healing is the diapedesis of neutrophils into the wound. They represent the first line of innate immunity and, once activated, attack pathogens by generating an oxidative burst reaction, i.e. releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). As we have shown previously, β2 integrins, especially MAC‐1 (CD11b/CD18), can influence the adherence‐dependent release of ROS in activated neutrophils, as neutrophils from CD18 knockout mice do not release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), unlike neutrophils from wild‐type mice.2–4
Carney complex, a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome. Analysis of 11 kindreds and linkage to the short arm of chromosome 2.
Authors: C A Stratakis, J A Carney, J P Lin, D A Papanicolaou, M Karl, D L Kastner, E Pras, G P Chrousos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Carney complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple neoplasias, including myxomas at various sites and endocrine tumors, and lentiginosis. The genetic defect(s) responsible for the complex remain(s) unknown. We studied 101 subjects, including 51 affected members, from 11 North American kindreds with Carney complex. Blood samples were collected from patients and their family members. Hospital records, photographs, and tissue specimens of deceased individuals were reviewed. DNA was extracted from blood samples, patient-derived cell lines, and/or paraffin-embedded tissues. Linkage analysis was performed with highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, distributed over areas of the human genome harboring the most likely candidate genes. The most prevalent clinical manifestation in patients with Carney complex was spotty skin pigmentation, similar to that observed in Peutz-Jeghers and other lentiginosis syndromes. Skin and cardiac myxomas, Cushing syndrome, and acromegaly were present in 62, 30, 31 and 8 percent of the patients, respectively. Linkage was obtained for three markers on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p16), with a maximum two-point lod score of 5.97 at theta = 0.03 for the marker CA-2 (odds in favor of linkage 10(6):1. The flanking markers CA7 and D2S378 defined a region of approximately 6.4 cM that is likely to contain the gene(s) associated with Carney complex. Candidate genes in the proximity, including the propiomelanocortin and the DNA-mismatch repair hMSH2 genes, were excluded. We conclude that the genetic defect(s) responsible for Carney complex map(s) to the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p16). This region has exhibited cytogenetic aberrations in atrial myxomas associated with the complex, and has been characterized by microsatellite instability in human neoplasias.
The Rac and Rho Hall of Fame
Authors: Joan Heller Brown, Dominic P. Del Re, Mark A. Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Over the last decade, the Rho family GTPases have gained considerable recognition as powerful regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. As with many high profile signal transducers, these molecules soon attracted the attention of the cardiovascular research community. Shortly thereafter, two prominent members known as RhoA and Rac1 were linked to agonist-induced gene expression and myofilament organization using the isolated cardiomyocyte cell model. Subsequent creation of transgenic mouse lines provided evidence for more complex roles of RhoA and Rac1 signaling. Clues from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the involvement of numerous downstream targets of RhoA and Rac1 signaling including serum response factor, NF-κB, and other transcription factors, myofilament proteins, ion channels, and reactive oxygen species generation. Which of these contribute to the observed phenotypic effects of enhanced RhoA and Rac activation in vivo remain to be determined. Current research efforts with a more translational focus have used statins or Rho kinase blockers to assess RhoA and Rac1 as targets for interventional approaches to blunt hypertrophy or heart failure. Generally, salutary effects on remodeling and ischemic damage are observed, but the broad specificity and multiple cellular targets for these drugs within the myocardium demands caution in interpretation. In this review, we assess the evolution of knowledge related to Rac1 and RhoA in the context of hypertrophy and heart failure and highlight the direction that future exploration will lead.
Abstract P078: Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women with Claudication - Data from Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen (WAVE) Trial
Authors: Sunny Jhamnani, Dhavalkumar Patel, Zhenyi Xue, Angela Silverman, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Claudication, a manifestation of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and coronary artery disease (CAD) often coexist. Both are thought to be due to atherosclerosis. The presence of PVD in patients with CAD is associated with an increased incidence of adverse cardiac events. It is not clear, however, if this increased risk is associated with a more rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with CAD. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the increased cardiovascular risk associated with PAD in patients with CAD is due to an increased progression of atherosclerosis. Methods: The Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen (WAVE) trial evaluated the effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamins in postmenopausal women with known CAD. In WAVE, 320 women underwent careful clinical follow-up for 2.8 years and had entry and exit quantitative coronary angiograms. The degree of coronary narrowing was blindly assessed. We looked at the incidence of clinical events and changes in angiographic coronary luminal diameter between women who had claudication and those who did not. Results and Conclusion: Women with claudication were more likely to be current smokers and hypertensive. Prior to WAVE, they had had more cerebrovascular accidents. Those with claudication had more rapid progression of coronary narrowing (Table). The difference in previously diseased segments remained significant after multivariate adjustment for baseline differences and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of claudication was not associated with a risk-adjusted increase in all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction, which may be a reflection of the low power of the cohort. In conclusion, after 2.8 years of follow-up, a history of claudication was associated with a more rapid progression of coronary narrowing.
IN VIVO REPRODUCIBILITY OF MEASUREMENTS FOR FIBROUS CAP THICKNESS AND LIPID ARC IN LIPID PLAQUES BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Soo-Joong Kim, Hang Lee, Koji Kato, Taishi Yonetsu, Lei Xing, Shaosong Zhang, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Complications of Left Heart Angiography
Authors: CHARLES H. BECKMANN, BYRON DOOLEY
Journal: Circulation (1970)

A study of 1,000 consecutive left heart cineangiocardiograms was made to determine the frequency of various complications. Ten per cent of angiographic procedures caused minor complications such as nausea, vomiting, transient arrhythmias, loss of pulse, or hives. Most of these complications were gone before the patient left the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Major problems were associated with 3.1% of the angiograms performed. The majority involved either vessel thrombosis (1.2%) or cardiac complications such as arrhythmias, intramyocardial dye injection, or myocardial infarcts (1.4%). Femoral arterial thrombosis was especially frequent in patients with mitral valve disease and low cardiac index. The use of lidocaine-lubricated catheters, tape traction hemostasis, and Fogerty catheter clot removal virtually eliminated brachial arterial thromboses. This route is now used almost exclusively for left heart angiography at our institution. Most cardiac complications resulted from open-end catheter angiography, especially through transseptal catheters. The frequency of major cardiac complications has decreased markedly since the regular use of closed-tip catheters via the brachial artery route was begun for left heart angiography.
Phosphotyrosine profiling identifies the KG-1 cell line as a model for the study of FGFR1 fusions in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ting-Lei Gu, Valerie L. Goss, Cynthia Reeves, Lana Popova, Julie Nardone, Joan MacNeill, Denise K. Walters, Yi Wang, John Rush, Michael J. Comb, Brian J. Druker, Roberto D. Polakiewicz
Journal: Blood (2006)
Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Uptake in a Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: D Mc Kenna, A Iqbal, D OʼKeeffe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

This report illustrates the selective uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) by a primary neoplasm of the lung. Lung cancers are reported to accumulate labeled Tc-99 MDP in contrast to the minimal uptake by normal lung tissue or benign pulmonary conditions. Skeletal scintigraphy was obtained with Tc-99m MDP on a 50-year-old man with known nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung. This patient was staged as T2 minimum, N3, M1 (lung metastases from a nonsmall cell carcinoma of the left hilum). A bone scan was carried out before beginning chemotherapy, and static images revealed increased abnormal uptake in the left mediastinum corresponding anatomically to a histologically confirmed lung cancer. No other metastases were identified.
Brittle hair, developmental delay, neurologic abnormalities, and photosensitivity in a 4-year-old girl
Authors: Xiaolong Zhou, Sikandar G. Khan, Deborah Tamura, Nicholas J. Patronas, Wadih M. Zein, Brian P. Brooks, Kenneth H. Kraemer, John J. DiGiovanna
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
US consumer groups allege misleading drug claims
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A coalition of US consumer groups has filed a lawsuit against Schering-Plough, the manufacturer of the allergy drug Claritin (loratadine), claiming that the company falsely advertises the benefits of the medicine.

The Boston based coalition, known as the Prescription Access Litigation project, filed a class action lawsuit accusing the drug manufacturer of misrepresenting Claritin in its advertising—causing increased demand for the drug—and of artificially inflating its price. The complaint alleges that Schering-Plough's advertising of the drug …
CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder: primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma followed by lymphomatoid papulosis.
Authors: M. Aoki, Y. Niimi, S. Takezaki, A. Azuma, M. Seike, S. Kawana
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

CD30+ large anaplastic lymphoid cells are seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and also in lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and other lymphoproliferative disorders. It can be difficult precisely to categorize these disorders with CD30+ cells. We report a case of primary cutaneous CD30+ ALCL with systemic metastases in whom the clinical disease subsequently evolved into LyP. The patient was initially administered cisplatin and etoposide and made a good response. Eighteen months later, recurrent, self‐healing cutaneous small nodules appeared around the original tumour site without any systemic involvement. Histopathological examination of the recurrent lesions revealed infiltration with a mixture of cells that included neutrophils, eosinophils and CD30+ large anaplastic cells cytologically identical with those in the primary lesion. The anaplastic cells in both the primary and recurrent lesions were positive for monoclonal antibodies CD30, CD25 and a monoclonal antibody directed against the chimeric protein p80NPM‐ALK. These observations suggest the possibility that the ALCL and the subsequent LyP represent different clinical manifestations of proliferation of the same clone.
Frequency dependence of flow resistance in patients with obstructive lung disease
Authors: Gunnar Grimby, Tamotsu Takishima, William Graham, Peter Macklem, Jere Mead
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Total respiratory, pulmonary, and chest wall flow resistances were determined by means of forced pressure and flow oscillations (3-9 cps) superimposed upon spontaneous breathing in a group of patients with varying degrees of obstructive lung disease. Increased total respiratory and pulmonary resistances were found, whereas the chest wall resistance was normal or subnormal. The total respiratory and pulmonary resistances decreased with increasing frequencies. Static compliance of the lung was measured during interrupted slow expiration, and dynamic compliance was measured during quiet and rapid spontaneous breathing. Compliance was found to be frequency-dependent. The frequency dependence of resistance and compliance are interpreted as effects of uneven distribution of the mechanical properties in the lungs. The practical application of the oscillatory technique to the measurement of flow resistance in patients with lung disease is discussed. Measurements of total respiratory resistance by the forced oscillatory technique at frequencies less than 5 cps appear to be as useful for assessing abnormalities in airway resistance as either the plethysmographic or esophageal pressure techniques.