tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Regulation Reform
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Congress now has before it what HEW Secretary Joseph Califano describes as "the first complete overhaul of the basic Federal law regulating drugs since 1938...and the first major change since 1962."Entitled the Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978, it was optimistically referred to by Califano, at its public unveiling on March 16, as a "consensus bill," reflecting, it was suggested, the interests — though not necessarily the wholehearted endorsements — of all interested major parties. In drug matters, this means a handful of Congressional figures, notably Senators Kennedy and Nelson and Representative Rogers, plus the Food and Drug Administration, . . .
Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. II. Reproductive effects.
Authors: B Eskenazi, G Kimmel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This summary report focuses on current studies on reproductive effects reported at the workshop on Perinatal Exposure to Dioxin-like Compounds and supporting data noted in the discussion. Recent laboratory studies have suggested that altered development (e.g., low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation) and reproductive health (e.g., fertility, sex organ development, reproductive behavior) may be among the most sensitive end points when examining the effects of dioxinlike compounds. Thus, future research should target the reproductive health of both males and females exposed postnatally and prenatally. Studies in humans are needed and are on-going. In animal models, postnatal exposure to dioxin or dioxinlike compounds has been associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and abnormal testicular morphology and size in males and with reduced fertility and endometriosis in females. In utero exposure may also produce profound reproductive consequences in both males and females including delays in sexual maturation, abnormalities in development of sexual organs, and abnormal sexual behavior. The mechanism by which dioxin-like compounds cause reproductive effects is not well delineated.
Accelerated Bilateral Cataract Formation in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: F A White, Miller M Richert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

A 21-yr-old Caucasian man developed accelerated irreversible dense bilateral cataracts 4 wk after control of his newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 12 wk after the onset of his symptoms. Although transitory cataracts have been identified in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM, there is no mention in the literature of irreversible cataract formation this soon after diagnosis (see ref. 1).
Permission is given for claim to be pursued 35 years after treatment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The High Court in London has given the go ahead for a man with cerebral palsy to bring a compensation claim for alleged negligence at his birth nearly 35 years ago.

Mr Justice Eady held that Julius Whiston realised only when he was 31 that his injuries may have been caused by acts or omissions by medical staff. Although he knew he had been delivered by forceps and had had hypoxia, he thought his condition was just “one of those things.”

The realisation that he might have a claim came to him when his mother, a midwife, mentioned in 2005 …
Coexistence of a Nonfunctioning Thyroid Nodule in Plummer??s Disease Demonstrated by Thallium-201 Imaging
Authors: YUICHI ICHIYA, TADASHI NAKASHIMA, RANJAN GUNASEKERA, YASUO KUWABARA, ZENJI AYABE, TSUYOSHI SAKURAI, KOUJI MASUDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A patient with Plummer's disease in whom a coexisting nonfunctioning thyroid nodule was detected by TI-201 imaging is presented. I-123 imaging revealed a hot nodule corresponding to the functioning nodule and little uptake in the rest of the thyroid. In contrast, two areas of abnormalities were noted on a TI-201 image: one corresponded to the hot nodule in I-123 imaging and the other was visualized in the suppressed part of the thyroid in the same lobe. This case revealed that TI-201 imaging is clinically useful in detecting coexisting nodules in the suppressed part of the thyroid.
Variants near DMRT1, TERT and ATF7IP are associated with testicular germ cell cancer
Authors: Clare Turnbull, Elizabeth A Rapley, Sheila Seal, David Pernet, Anthony Renwick, Deborah Hughes, Michelle Ricketts, Rachel Linger, Jeremie Nsengimana, Panagiotis Deloukas, Robert A Huddart, D Timothy Bishop, Douglas F Easton, Michael R Stratton, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Are Residents' Extended Shifts Associated With Adverse Events?
Authors: Mariana Szklo-Coxe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Heated debates and controversies surrounding the regulation of medical residents' work hours have raged for over twenty years. In the wake of Libby Zion's untimely death in 1984 and resulting recommendations by the Bell Commission, New York State enacted legislation (Code 405.4) governing residents' working conditions and supervision [1]. Since then, there has been growing interest in regulating residents' work hours, culminating recently (2003–2004) in national guidelines and legislation on duty-hour restrictions both in the United States and Europe [2,3].

These regulations continue to be the subject of intense debate and bitter controversy, yet at the same time, the medical profession has become increasingly aware of the complexities of balancing restricted work hours with resident education, well-being, and the profession's key priority—quality of care [4,5]. However, there is still a scarcity of research on the relationship between residents' work schedules and adverse events (AEs) [4,6], defined as injuries due to medical management rather than the underlying condition of the patient [7]. This lack of research is in striking contrast to the wealth of research on the relationship between work schedules and adverse events in industrial and transportation settings [8] (long work hours, for example, were implicated in the catastrophic Exxon Valdez oil spill [9]). In 2000, the Institute of Medicine reported medical errors to be a leading cause of death in the US [10], responsible for 44,000–98,000 in-hospital deaths [7,10,11].

To date, epidemiologic studies, including those upon which the Institute of Medicine's extrapolations were based, have focused on estimating the incidence of adverse events and their consequences—namely, the magnitude of harm resulting from AEs in terms of morbidity (such as patient disability) and mortality [7,10,11]. A benchmark study of New York State hospitals found that 70.5% of AEs produced short-term disability in patients, 2.6% led to permanently disabling injuries, and 13.6% resulted in death [7]. Although the relationships of adverse events to specific provider types/locations and to negligence have been examined [7,11]—with 27.6% of AEs attributed to negligence [7]—the epidemiology of AEs has not been fully clarified.

A new study in PLoS Medicine, by Barger and colleagues [12], investigates the contribution of work-hour organization—specifically interns' extended shifts—to adverse events. This relationship is of interest because it could inform future guidelines on residents' working schedules; it could also help hospitals to adopt new strategies for complying with current legislation on restricting work hours and to weigh the costs and benefits of such strategies.
50 BOCEPREVIR PLUS PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF HCV/HIV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS: END OF TREATMENT (WEEK 48) INTERIM RESULTS
Authors: J. Mallolas, S. Pol, A. Rivero, H. Fainboim, C. Cooper, J. Slim, S. Thompson, J. Wahl, W. Greaves, M. Sulkowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
BMJ Publishing Group sells its books department
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The BMJ Publishing Group has sold its book publishing arm, BMJ Books, to Blackwell Publishing.

BMJ Books, which has existed for 20 years, will move 328 new titles to Blackwell, including the ABC series of reference books for researchers and clinicians. Blackwell Publishing, the world's second largest publisher of biomedical and …
<i>Bmx</i> Tyrosine Kinase Is Specifically Expressed in the Endocardium and the Endothelium of Large Arteries
Authors: Niklas Ekman, Athina Lymboussaki, Imre Västrik, Krista Sarvas, Arja Kaipainen, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The growth and differentiation of endothelial cells are regulated by signal transduction through tyrosine protein kinases. Recently, a novel cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase gene, Bmx (Bone Marrow tyrosine kinase gene in chromosome X), was identified in human bone marrow RNA and found to be expressed predominantly in myeloid hematopoietic cell lineages. Our preliminary analyses indicated that the Bmx gene was also highly expressed in human heart.Mouse Bmx cDNA was isolated, sequenced, and found to encode a polypeptide approximately 91% identical to the human Bmx tyrosine kinase. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization of tissue sections indicated that Bmx mRNA is specifically expressed in the endocardium of the developing heart as well as in the endocardium of the left ventricle and in the endothelium of large arteries in adult mice. A weak signal was seen also in coronary arterial endothelium.Bmx shows a unique specificity of expression among tyrosine kinase genes and may be involved in signal transduction in endocardial and arterial endothelial cells. The results suggest that specific signal transduction mechanisms are present in such endothelia.
Follow-up time bias and Crohn's disease
Authors: Morten Frisch, Jørn Olsen, Per Kragh Andersen, Hazel Inskip, David Coggon, Clive Osmond, TheodoreM Bayless, Barton Childs, MaryL Harris, JosephM Polito, ReneeC Rees, F Clarke Fraser
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
STUDIES OF ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN
Authors: Irving Kushner, Melvin H. Kaplan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A method is presented for the immunohistochemical localization of Cx-reactive protein in rabbits, based on the use of a defined antiserum and rigorous fixation techniques requisite for this antigen. In animals in which inflammatory lesions and CxRP response were induced by intramuscular injection of typhoid vaccine, Cx-reactive protein was localized only in the area of local inflammation within muscle fibers showing morphologic evidence of necrotic change. Within such altered fibers, CxRP was observed in peripheral segments of myofiber or in subsarcolemmal sarcoplasm, in scattered deposits in sarcoplasm, and in vacuolar inclusions. No CxRP was found at any time in polymorphonuclear or mononuclear cells in the inflammatory lesion, nor in contralateral muscle, regional or distal lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, heart, or kidney, except as traces in lumens of vessels or interstitium. CxRP was first detected in necrotic myofibers at the inflammatory site after a latent period of 8 to 10 hours following injection of the inflammatory stimulus and could be demonstrated in these sites for the 48 hours of the experiment. It could not be observed at the inflammatory site before appearance in the blood. Identical histologic localization in necrotic myofibers at the site of the local lesions was found following induction of granulocytopenia with nitrogen mustard. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CxRP is formed locally at the site of inflammation from tissue elements undergoing necrotic change. Alternatively, secondary deposition from the blood at the inflammatory site cannot be excluded, but is considered less likely in view of the failure to obtain evidence of a cellular localization of CxRP in other organs.
673 Prevalence and factors associated with fatty liver in a geriatric population: Results from the pianoro study
Authors: A. Berzigotti, D. Magalotti, C. Tiani, S. Dapporto, C. Ludovico, P. Zappoli, N. Castaldini, G. Bianchi, A. Muscari, M. Zoli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Crystal structure of the IL-15–IL-15Rα complex, a cytokine-receptor unit presented in trans
Authors: Mami Chirifu, Chiharu Hayashi, Teruya Nakamura, Sachiko Toma, Tsuyoshi Shuto, Hirofumi Kai, Yuriko Yamagata, Simon J Davis, Shinji Ikemizu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
THE PRODUCTION OF FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Robert A. Lambert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

1. Foreign body giant cells may be produced in vitro by the addition of foreign objects such as lycopodium spores and cotton fibers to cultures of chick embryo spleen. 2. These giant cells are formed by the fusion of large mononuclear wandering cells, probably endothelial cells and pulp cells. Connective tissue cells do not take part in their formation. 3. The large giant cells sometimes seen spread out over the cover-glass in cultures of chick embryo spleen are probably foreign body giant cells, the cover-glass acting as the foreign body.
Quality Control in Haematology
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although "quality control" is a familiar concept in manufacturing, it is not a uniform practice in all medical laboratories. Many physicians do not realize that a test can be precise (repetitively getting the same number) without being accurate (correct in relation to an accepted standard). The sensitivity and range of given tests may also be tremendously influenced by the presence of other drugs or pharmacologically active metabolites. Intralaboratory control (internal) can check on the reproducibility but not guarantee accuracy. External quality control allows a laboratory to compare its precision and accuracy against other laboratories. This task is difficult enough when all agree on how to do the test and what reagents should be used. Then, too, more problems obviously exist in differential counting of white blood cells than in determination of the hemoglobin values, hematocrit values, and the red blood cell count. The introduction of mechanized equipment has improved the
THE CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS.REPORTS OF THREE CASES.
Authors: ALEMBERT W. BRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Diabetes insipidus is a chronic disease characterized by the passage of large quantities of normal urine of low specific gravity. It should be distinguished from the polyuria of hysteria and chronic interstitial nephritis, and also from the diuresis in connection with meningitis and tumors at the base of the brain. Since Willis, in 1674, distinguished between the saccharine and the non-saccharine form of diabetes, it has been known that a low specific gravity and the absence of sugar readily separates diabetes insipidus from diabetes mellitus. The hysterical form of polyuria sometimes closely simulates diabetes insipidus, but its transitory nature, taken with its other protean but characteristic symptoms, renders the diagnosis comparatively simple. Diabetes insipidus is a rare affection of unknown nature, and with no constant anatomic symptoms. As to its rarity, Dr. Osler states that but three cases occurred in twelve years out of a total of 329,000 patients treated
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Cetuximab and Panitumumab in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alberto Bardelli, Salvatore Siena
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Personalized cancer medicine based on the genetic milieu of individual colorectal tumors has long been postulated, but until recently this concept was not supported by clinical evidence. The advent of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -targeted monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab has paved the way to the individualized treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here we discuss the evidence that mCRCs respond differently to EGFR-targeted agents and that the tumor-specific response has a genetic basis. We outline how, from the initial observation that cetuximab or panitumumab as monotherapy is effective only in 10% to 20% of mCRCs, knowledge has being gained on the molecular mechanisms underlying primary resistance to these agents. The role of oncogenic activation of EGFR downstream effectors such as KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and PTEN on response to therapy is discussed. We suggest that CRCs lacking oncogenic alterations in these four genes have the highest probability of response to anti-EGFR therapies and are defined as "quadruple negative." The rapid and effective translation of these findings into predictive biomarkers to couple EGFR-targeted antibodies to the patients who benefit from them is presented as a paradigm of modern clinical oncology. Finally, unresolved questions such as understanding the molecular basis of response as well the mechanisms of secondary resistance are presented as the future fundamental goals in this research field.
Potable water as a source for legionellosis.
Authors: D W Fraser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Several lines of evidence have been examined in attempts to implicate potable water as a source for legionellosis. Success has been mixed. The strongest evidence has been the similarity of strains recovered from patients and from potable water and the cessation of outbreaks following institution of measures to eradicate Legionella from potable water systems. Epidemiologic efforts to identify the effective mode of exposure to water (e.g. ingestion) have been remarkably unsuccessful. Although L pneumophila can clearly be acquired on occasion from potable water, the proportion of cases traceable to this source is unknown, as is the role of potable water as a source of infection by other Legionellae. Hyperchlorination, raising hot water temperatures to greater than 55 degrees C, and replacing rubber gaskets are useful methods for controlling outbreaks of legionellosis traced to potable water systems but are not yet justified as routine preventative methods in the absence of such an outbreak.
Tuberculous Mediastinal Adenopathy Mimicking Esophageal Leiomyoma
Authors: R. Bárcena, J. C. Erdozain, A. Lopez-San Roman, F. Perez Hernandez, L. Ledo, D. Boixeda
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

We present a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in which esophageal compression by mediastinal adenopathies led to a false diagnosis of leiomyoma. To our knowledge, this has never been reported before
Survivin is highly expressed in CD34+38− leukemic stem/progenitor cells and predicts poor clinical outcomes in AML
Authors: Bing Z. Carter, Yihua Qiu, Xuelin Huang, Lixia Diao, Nianxiang Zhang, Kevin R. Coombes, Duncan H. Mak, Marina Konopleva, Jorge Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Gordon B. Mills, Michael Andreeff, Steven M. Kornblau
Journal: Blood (2012)
Saturability of hepatic iron deposits in genetic hemochromatosis
Authors: Clara Mandell, Lucia Cesarini, Alberto Piperno, Silvia Fargion, Anna L. Fracanzani, Donatella Barisani, Dario Conte
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The relationship of pretreatment serum ferritin and hepatic iron concentration to body iron removed by venesections was evaluated in 33 patients with genetic hemochromatosis. The median values of the three variables considered were 1,950 micrograms/L (range = 255 to 10,000), 1,175 micrograms/100 mg dry weight (range = 270 to 4,310) and 10 gm (range = 2 to 41), respectively. At basal liver biopsy 18 patients had cirrhosis, 6 patients had fibrosis and 9 patients had a normal pattern; siderosis was degree 3 in 6 patients and degree 4 in 27 patients. The results of fitting a polynomial regression of second degree showed that the curve of serum ferritin on iron removed was a straight line (R2 = 0.79, with a significant coefficient of linearity, p less than 0.01, and a nonsignificant coefficient of curvature), whereas that of hepatic iron concentration on iron removed showed a curvature (R2 = 0.62, with significant coefficient of linearity and curvature, p less than 0.01) and reached a plateau. The sigmoid model fit the curve of hepatic iron concentration on iron removed (R2 = 0.61), which suggested a saturation of hepatic iron storage capability; the asymptote corresponded to a hepatic iron concentration of about 2,000 micrograms/100 mg. In alcoholic patients (17 cases) the location of the sigmoid was greater than in nonalcoholic patients. Our results suggest that iron deposition occurs in the liver before other organs are involved and that with massive iron overload hepatic deposits reach saturation, after which hepatic iron concentration does not always reflect the amount of total stores. Alcohol consumption could slow the saturation of hepatic iron deposits.
Epicardial and endocardial activation during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man.
Authors: L N Horowitz, M E Josephson, A H Harken
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Ventricular activation during ventricular tachycardia was studied by intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping in 21 patients with coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction who underwent operation for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Twenty-nine morphologically distinct tachycardias were mapped; 18 tachycardias had a right bundle branch block morphology and 11 had a left bundle branch block morphology. After cannulation for bypass, the tachycardias were induced and electrograms were recorded at 55-75 epicardial sites. After starting cardiopulmonary bypass, the infarction was incised and electrograms were recorded at 28-55 left ventricular endocardial sites during ventricular tachycardia. All mapping data were analyzed with three simultaneously recorded ECG lead and two reference electrograms. Earliest activation in all tachycardias occured on the endocardial surface of the infarction. In each tachycardia, endocardial electrical activity was recorded before the onset of the QRS complex. Earliest epicardial activation in the 29 tachycardias occurred 10 msec after the onset of QRS complex. Epicardial breakthrough occurred on the right (19 tachycardias) as well as the left ventricle (10 tachycardias). We conclude that ventricular tachycardia associated with ischemic heart disease originates near the endocardial surface of the left ventricle along the border of the infarction and that epicardial mapping alone is insufficient to identify the site of origin of these tachycardias.
Neurospora prototroph selection system for studying aneuploid production.
Authors: A J Griffiths
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Various environmental agents have been tested for their ability to produce aneuploid products of meiosis in a Neurospora cross. The cross was between two multiply marked strains designed specifically for this purpose. These parental strains were heterozygous for four auxotrophic mutations on chromosome 1. Prototrophic disomics could be selected by plating ascospores on minimal medium. Out of 48 agents tested, at least 10 increased the aneuploid frequency significantly above control levels. Some of these positive-testing agents have also been found active in other aneuploid detection systems. It is suggested that if it should become necessary to perform widespread testing of agents in the human environment for their ability to generate aneuploids at meiosis, the Neurospora system could be successfully applied for this purpose.