tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ankylosing spondylitis: immunophenotypical characteristics of peripheral blood and synovial fluid compartments
Authors: M. Steinbrich-Zollner, A. Grutzkau, J. Grun, P. Wu, T. Haupl, A. Radbruch, J. Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective A multi-parametric fl ow cytometry pilot study revealed a group of differentially regulated leucocyte surface markers in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 1 We selected some of them for a further independent verifi cation investigation with additional analysis of synovial fl uid (SF) leucocytes.Methods A multicolour cytometry study using two fl uorescent staining cocktails (5 and 7 colour) including antibodies to chemokine receptor, lipid antigen presenting molecules combined with lineage and migration markers was performed.A comparison was made of AS PB leucocytes with normal donors with additional analysis of patient's SF leucocytes. ResultsWe found in PB differential expression of fi ve surface molecules (CXCR4, CD14, CD1c, CD1a, CD62L) of all 11 included in this limited verifi cation analysis.CXCR4 was upregulated on lymphocytes (p=0.004),especially on CD8 T lymphocyte's naive and terminally differentiated effector subsets (p=0.001).We showed elevated CD1c expression on antigen presenting cells (APCs) (p=0.001) and population of CD19 lymphocytes (p=0.02).Moreover, non-B APCs in patient's blood revealed upregulation of CD14 (p=0.006) and CD1a (p=02) (a low number of CD1c+CD1a+ cells was observed in several AS samples).Patient's blood monocytes showed CD62L downregulation (p=0.01).All the above specifi ed characteristics were emphasised in patient's SF: CXCR4 positivity of memory/effector lymphocytes, signifi cant upregulation of CD14 on monocytes and downregulation of CD62L on monocytes and granulocytes in SF compared with PB, as well as abundantly represented subset of CD1c+CD1a+ APCs.Conclusion Surface markers identifi ed in PB as differentials for the AS and control groups were defi nitely involved in the local infl ammatory process in joints.Localised in joints, the immune process could be sensed as the change in the surface marker pattern in the PB compartment.
Increased Coupled Gating of L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels During Hypertension and Timothy Syndrome
Authors: Manuel F. Navedo, Edward P. Cheng, Can Yuan, Scott Votaw, Jeffery D. Molkentin, John D. Scott, Luis F. Santana
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : L-Type (Cav1.2) Ca 2+ channels are critical regulators of muscle and neural function. Although Cav1.2 channel activity varies regionally, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity. Objective : To test the hypothesis that Cav1.2 channels can gate coordinately. Methods and Results : We used optical and electrophysiological approaches to record Cav1.2 channel activity in cardiac, smooth muscle, and tsA-201 cells expressing Cav1.2 channels. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that small clusters of Cav1.2 channels can open and close in tandem. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and electrophysiological studies suggest that this coupling of Cav1.2 channels involves transient interactions between neighboring channels via their C termini. The frequency of coupled gating events increases in hypertensive smooth muscle and in cells expressing a mutant Cav1.2 channel that causes arrhythmias and autism in humans with Timothy syndrome (LQT8). Conclusions : Coupled gating of Cav1.2 channels may represent a novel mechanism for the regulation of Ca 2+ influx and excitability in neurons, cardiac, and arterial smooth muscle under physiological and pathological conditions.
Epidemic Diarrhea of the Newborn in Massachusetts
Authors: A. Daniel Rubenstein, George E. Foley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

EPIDEMIC diarrhea of the newborn continues to be a major problem in infant care. Although the clinical manifestations of the syndrome have been adequately described, outbreaks frequently remain unrecognized until widespread dissemination has taken place, and the occurrence of fatalities has stimulated the adoption of belated control measures. Unfortunately, when epidemics are insidious in onset, the diagnosis may not be easy. For this reason those responsible for the care of newborn infants must be constantly on the alert to differentiate the syndrome from the large variety of other conditions producing diarrhea in infants.The etiology of epidemic diarrhea of the . . .
Tinnitus, listening, and learning why telephone consultations can be useful
Authors: Beena Raschkes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

pandemic presents us with a challenge that far exceeds the promise of any single prevention approach.The potential for risk compensation highlights the need for a renewed prioritisation and coordination of approaches to change sexual behaviour.From a practical perspective, efforts to maximise the benefits of new and existing risk reducing technologies should also seek to minimise the possibility of risk compensation by sustaining high levels of personal risk perception throughout the communities served.Furthermore, successful approaches to change behaviour must be studied, adapted, and applied with at least the same vigour as the promising host of technological innovations under development.This work does not necessarily represent the views of the United States Agency for International Development.We thank Matthew Barnhart and Gillian Cassell for their useful comments.
Speaking at Medical Meetings: A Practical Guide
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Lecturers have always had a difficult job. Socrates was a lecturer who lived in poverty and never published his work. Plato, some say, published Socrates' ideas as his own. He lived a long and prosperous life, while Socrates was executed for perverting the morals of the young. In addition to providing documentation for the academic truism "publish or perish," this example highlights the difficulty a lecturer has in pleasing his audience and the dire consequences of failure. For physicians who have occasion to, or, more frequently, who are compelled to lecture before medical groups, Calnan and Barabas have compiled a cache of practical suggestions to improve the planning and delivery of various sorts of lectures, ranging from case presentations to invited speeches. Simply by taking a fraction of the helpful suggestions presented, the dullest, blackboard-scratching mumbler on the lecture circuit may find his talk well received and may even be
Origin of cell populations after bone marrow transplantation. Analysis using DNA sequence polymorphisms.
Authors: D Ginsburg, J H Antin, B R Smith, S H Orkin, J M Rappeport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

After successful bone marrow transplantation, patient hematopoietic and lymphoid cells are replaced by cells derived from the donor marrow. To document and characterize successful engraftment, host and donor cells must be distinguished from each other. We have used DNA sequence polymorphism analysis to determine reliably the host or donor origin of posttransplant cell populations. Using a selected panel of six cloned DNA probes and associated sequence polymorphisms, at least one marker capable of distinguishing between a patient and his sibling donor can be detected in over 95% of cases. Posttransplant patient peripheral leukocytes were examined by DNA restriction enzyme digestion and blot hybridization analysis. We have studied 18 patients at times varying from 13 to 1,365 d after marrow transplantation. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism was detected in 3 patients, with full engraftment documented in 15. One patient with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was demonstrated to have T cells of purely donor origin, with granulocytes and B cells remaining of host origin. Posttransplant leukemic relapse was studied in one patient and shown to be of host origin. DNA analysis was of particular clinical value in three cases where failure of engraftment or graft loss was suspected. In two of the three cases, full engraftment was demonstrated and in the third mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism was detected. DNA sequence polymorphism analysis provides a powerful tool for the documentation of engraftment after bone marrow transplantation, for the evaluation of posttransplant lymphoma or leukemic relapse, and for the comprehensive study of mixed hematopoietic and lymphoid chimeric states.
Changes in the dose of inhaled steroid affect exhaled nitric oxide levels in asthmatic patients
Authors: SA Kharitonov, DH Yates, KF Chung, PJ Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

An increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the exhaled air of asthmatic patients may reflect inflammation of the airways, and exhaled NO may, therefore, be useful in monitoring asthma control and the optimal use of anti-inflammatory treatment. We have studied the effect of reducing and then increasing the dose of inhaled steroid on exhaled NO, lung function and symptoms in 14 asthmatic patients treated with twice daily budesonide. Baseline measurements were made at the end of a 2 week run-in period, 2 weeks after the daily dose of budesonide was reduced by 200 micrograms daily, and 2 weeks after the dose was then increased by 200 micrograms daily. Exhaled NO increased significantly compared with baseline after the dose was reduced by 200 micrograms daily (from 122 +/- 13 to 246 +/- 52 ppb); whereas, there was no significant decrease in spirometry or change in peak flow variability. There was also a significant increase in symptoms at night, but no change during the day or in the number of rescue doses of inhaled beta 2-agonist. The level of exhaled NO decreased when the dose of inhaled steroids was increased, and this was associated with a reduction in diurnal variability of peak expiratory flow, and in nocturnal symptoms. Our study suggests that exhaled nitric oxide may be a useful means of monitoring control of asthma. Further longitudinal studies in patients of differing asthma severity are now indicated.
Transfer of adults between intensive care units in the United Kingdom: postal survey
Authors: P. A Mackenzie, E. A Smith, P. G M Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To determine trends in asthma mortality by age group in England and Wales during 1983-95.Design: Observational study.Setting: England and Wales.Subjects: All deaths classified as having an underlying cause of asthma registered from 1 January 1983 to 31 December 1995.Main outcome measure: Time trends for age specific asthma deaths.Results: Deaths in the age group 5-14 years showed an irregular downward trend during 1983-95; deaths in the age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65-74 years peaked before 1989 and then showed a downward trend; and deaths in the age group 75-84 years peaked between 1988 and 1993 and subsequently dropped.Trends were: age group 5-14 years, 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%); 15-44 years, 6% (5% to 7%); 45-64 years, 5% (4% to 6%); 65-74 years, 2% (1% to 3%).Deaths in the 75-84 and 85 and over categories plateaued.Conclusions: There are downward trends in asthma mortality in Britain, which may be due to increased use of prophylactic treatment.
Cat-Scratch Disease Presenting as Bilateral Inguinal Lymphadenitis
Authors: Stanley I. Cullen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

CAT-scratch disease usually follows contact with a cat and is characterized by a scratch or papulopustule, regional lymphadenopathy without intervening lymphangitis and occasionally accompanied by fever, and systemic signs and symptoms.1 , 2 Over 500 cases of cat-scratch disease have been reported in the English literature since Greer and Keefer3 first described the entity in 1951. Of 463 cases described in detail,‡ 223 involved the upper extremities, 154 the head and neck, and 86 the lower extremities. Bilateral inguinal involvement was present in only 2 cases.4 , 5 Bilateral involvement in cat-scratch disease is so unusual that a third case is thought worthy of . . .
Changes in cardiovascular health knowledge occurring from childhood to adulthood. A cross-sectional study.
Authors: C W White, M A Albanese
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A standardized test of cardiovascular health knowledge was administered to 1367 students, ages 12-18 years, and 562 adults, ages 20-60 years. Mean scores were: ages 12-14 years, 42.5 +/- 0.7% (SEM); 15-18 years, 49.1 +/- 0.1%; 20-40 years, 68.7 +/- 0.7%; 40-60 years, 68.2 +/- 0.7% correct. Cardiovascular health knowledge increased linearly in the student population, averaging 3.08% per year. Increases continued to occur in adults, but plateaued after age 40 years, despite an increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease in this age group. Health knowledge was highly correlated with the highest educational achievement. At all age levels, knowledge of diagnostic tests was highest and knowledge of pathophysiology lowest. A personal or family history of heart disease or history of an elevated serum cholesterol was not a stimulus for increases in health knowledge.
USEFULNESS OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH STENTING
Authors: Yusuke Iwasaki, Takahisa Yamada, Yuji Okuyama, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Koji Tanaka, Taku Yasui, Hiromichi Ueda, Takeshi Okada, Masato Kawasaki, Yuki Kuramoto, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use of Freedom of Information Act to produce research on the cheap?
Authors: A. S. Breathnach, P. A. Riley, T. D. Planche
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Christie recently reported that a tobacco company was using the Freedom of Information Act 2000 to compel Stirling University to give it access to detailed research results, despite the researchers’ objections.1 We have encountered a variation on this theme—namely, researchers using the act to compel hospitals to provide data to further their research. In recent years …
Hypoxia-induced exocytosis of endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies. A mechanism for rapid neutrophil recruitment after cardiac preservation.
Authors: D J Pinsky, Y Naka, H Liao, M C Oz, D D Wagner, T N Mayadas, R C Johnson, R O Hynes, M Heath, C A Lawson, D M Stern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The period of hypoxia is an important priming event for the vascular dysfunction that accompanies reperfusion, with endothelial cells (ECs) and neutrophils (PMNs) playing a central role. We hypothesized that EC Weibel-Palade (WP) body exocytosis during the hypoxic/ischemic period during organ preservation permits brisk PMN recruitment into postischemic tissue, a process further amplified in an oxidant-rich milieu. Exposure of human umbilical vein ECs to a hypoxic environment (pO2 approximately 20 torr) stimulated release of von Willebrand factor (vWF), stored in EC WP bodies, as well as increased expression of the WP body-derived PMN adhesion molecule P-selectin at the EC surface. Increased binding of 111In-labeled PMNs to hypoxic EC monolayers (compared with normoxic controls) was blocked with a blocking antibody to P-selectin, but was not affected by a nonblocking control antibody. Although increased P-selectin expression and vWF release were also noted during reoxygenation, hypoxia alone (even in the presence of antioxidants) was sufficient to increase WP body exocytosis. To determine the relevance of these observations to hypothermic cardiac preservation, during which the pO2 within the cardiac vasculature declines to similarly low levels, experiments were performed in a rodent (rat and mouse) cardiac preservation/transplantation model. Immunodepletion of recipient PMNs or administration of a blocking anti-P-selectin antibody before transplantation resulted in reduced graft neutrophil infiltration and improved graft survival, compared with identically preserved hearts transplanted into control recipients. To establish the important role of endothelial P-selectin expression on the donor vasculature, murine cardiac transplants were performed using homozygous P-selectin deficient and wild-type control donor hearts flushed free of blood/platelets before preservation/transplantation. P-selectin-null hearts transplanted into wild-type recipients demonstrated a marked (13-fold) reduction in graft neutrophil infiltration and increased graft survival compared with wild-type hearts transplanted into wild-type recipients. To determine whether coronary endothelial WP exocytosis may occur during cardiac preservation in humans, the release of vWF into the coronary sinus (CS) was measured in 32 patients during open heart surgery. CS samples obtained at the start and conclusion of the ischemic period demonstrated an increase in CS vWF antigen (by ELISA) consisting of predominantly high molecular weight multimers (by immunoelectrophoresis). These data suggest that EC WP exocytosis occurs during hypothermic cardiac preservation, priming the vasculature to recruit PMNs rapidly during reperfusion.
Nylon Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid and Osteo-Arthritis
Authors: J. G. Kuhns, T. A. Potter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

We cannot foresee the time when early treatment of arthritis will prevent all articular damage and, consequently, all deformity about the joints (Hench and others, 1949).In spite of good nursing care and early splinting, occasionally severe injury to joints will occur.Without proper care, severe crippling is the common end-result.In chronic rheumatoid arthritis the greatest amount of crippling occurs in the lower extremity, -and the knee joint shows the greatest disability.This begins with flexion deformity and progresses to subluxation, destruction of the articular surfaces, or ankylosis of the joint, Kuhns (1942).The prevention and correction of these disabilities have always been serious problems, for when much damage has occurred, normal function is rarely regained.One of the most serious disabilities is ankylosis of the knee joint; while ankylosis in full extension does not interfere greatly with walking or standing, but is extremely awkward, and seriously disturbs rising and sitting.If both knees are stiff, it is often impossible for the patient to rise or dress himself without help.Attempts have been made in the past to correct deformity and to produce motion in the knee joint stiffened by rheumatoid arthritis either by resection of the joint (Murphy, 1913) or by reshaping the articular surfaces and the interposition of fascia lata (Putti, 1920).In rheumatoid arthritis the tissues are defective, the bones are atrophied, the muscles are weak, and the fascia is thin, friable, and deficient in collagen, and rapidly wears away with use.Again, if adequate prepara- tion and care have not been given to the patient an exacerbation in the arthritis may occur after operation.Most of those who have reported upon arthroplasty of the knee have advised against its use in the presence of chronic arthritis (Samson, 1949), and our results up to 1940 had led us to a similar opinion.In twelve arthroplasties of the knee performed with the interposition of fascia lata, all soon became stiff again or had only a few degrees of painful motion of no practical value.The fascia lata soon disappeared and adhesions or bony ankylosis developed within the joint.In our attempt to find a more durable substance for interposition between the articular surfaces after ankylosis from chronic arthritis, we asked the advice of the
Repeated oral vitamin K prophylaxis in West Germany: acceptance and efficacy
Authors: R. von Kries, A. Hachmeister, U. Gobel
Journal: BMJ (1995)

1 30 days Intracranial Breast only No None (?) No 7 50 days Nose Breast only No 1 mg day 1, 1 mg day 3 Third dose omitted 8 50 days, Intracranial Breast only No 1 mg day 1, 1 mg day 3, Yes 1 mgU3 14 61 days Gum Breast only No 1 mgday 1, 1 mgU2, Yes 1 mg U3 17 37 days Intracranial Breast only No
AIDS: Reason for Optimism?-Reply
Authors: Elizabeth Fee
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —In his response to the review ofAIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease, Dr  blames the editors of the volume—Daniel M. Fox and me—for a misconception of his position. He believes that we—and the reviewers—are critizing him for excessive optimism. In fact, our introduction to the book makes a fairly cautious statement: Bayer says he is now   about the generosity of public policy in the United States than he was in 1988.1  The exact degree of a person's optimism or pessimism is a delicate matter to judge.  is certainly in the best position to gauge whether or not he is currently more or   than he was in 1988. I submit, however, that he—and the rest of us—do have some reason to be less pessimistic about public health policy than we might have been 5 years ago. Given President Clinton's campaign
Effects of renin inhibition compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure
Authors: R Shannon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: To compare the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) (captopril 1 mg/kg i.v.) to direct renin inhibition (CP80794 3 mg/kg i.v.) on left ventricular and systemic hemodynamics and peripheral blood flows in advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: Conscious chronically instrumented dogs (n=14) were treated with captopril, 1 mg/kg, i.v., or CP80794, 3 mg/kg, i.v., before and after development of advanced CHF induced by 4–7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing. After advanced CHF, comparisons between the inhibitors were made at equihypotensive doses. Results: In advanced CHF, both agents caused comparable reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (−22% from 79±4 mmHg) and comparable increases (P<0.01) in cardiac output (CP80794, 1.4±0.3 to 1.8±0.1 l/min; captopril, 1.4±0.1 to 1.9±0.1 l/min). Neither agent had a significant effect on LV contractility. In contrast, CP80794 caused a greater (P<0.05) increase in renal blood flow (66±6% from 64±5 ml/min) compared to captopril (33±4% from 66±7 ml/min). Conclusions: Renin inhibition with CP80794 and ACEI with captopril caused comparable hemodynamic effects in advanced CHF. However, CP80794 caused significantly greater increases in renal blood flow and suppressed renin activity to a greater degree than captopril.
Single-cell Tsc1 knockout during corticogenesis generates tuber-like lesions and reduces seizure threshold in mice
Authors: David M. Feliciano, Tiffany Su, Jean Lopez, Jean-Claude Platel, Angélique Bordey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by mutations in Tsc1 or Tsc2 that lead to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivity. Patients with TSC suffer from intractable seizures resulting from cortical malformations known as tubers, but research into how these tubers form has been limited because of the lack of an animal model. To address this limitation, we used in utero electroporation to knock out Tsc1 in selected neuronal populations in mice heterozygous for a mutant Tsc1 allele that eliminates the Tsc1 gene product at a precise developmental time point. Knockout of Tsc1 in single cells led to increased mTOR activity and soma size in the affected neurons. The mice exhibited white matter heterotopic nodules and discrete cortical tuber-like lesions containing cytomegalic and multinucleated neurons with abnormal dendritic trees resembling giant cells. Cortical tubers in the mutant mice did not exhibit signs of gliosis. Furthermore, phospho-S6 immunoreactivity was not upregulated in Tsc1-null astrocytes despite a lower seizure threshold. Collectively, these data suggest that a double-hit strategy to eliminate Tsc1 in discrete neuronal populations generates TSC-associated cortical lesions, providing a model to uncover the mechanisms of lesion formation and cortical hyperexcitability. In addition, the absence of glial reactivity argues against a contribution of astrocytes to lesion-associated hyperexcitability.