tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Prospective Payment on Clinical Research
Authors: Carolyne K. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Medicare's prospective payment system for hospitals is this administration's response to the rapid growth in hospital costs, which, under the old system of retrospective payment, have increased at an average annual rate of 17.5% since 1979. In 1982, hospital costs accounted for roughly two thirds of the $50.9 billion expended for Medicare. This amounted to more than $3 billion per month paid out to hospitals in 1982, in contrast to the first full year of Medicare, 1967, in which all Medicare outlays amounted to only $3.4 billion. During 1982, hospital expenditures increased 12.6%—three times the general rate of inflation. Solvency of the Medicare trust fund rests, in part, on the success of the prospective payment system. The foundation of the system is the diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), which have been established for all hospitals participating in the program. The 468 established DRGs cover specific procedures ranging from cholecystectomies to the treatment
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Authors: Stephen J. Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is a diagnosis that is usually missed. In this disorder, unlike typical primary hyperparathyroidism, chronic hypercalcemia generally begins before the age of 10 years and is not accompanied by hypercalciuria or renal damage. The hypercalcemia shows autosomal-dominant transmission with nearly 100 per cent penetrance at all ages.1 , 2 The range of serum calcium values is identical to that in typical primary hyperparathyroidism, but the clinical course is generally mild, and this feature led Foley et al. to describe the syndrome as "familial benign hypercalcemia." 3 In hypercalcemic members of the families under discussion, the average rate of urinary excretion . . .
Abstract 789: Cytokine interleukin-16 is an important growth-promoting factor for multiple myeloma
Authors: Djordje Atanackovic, York Hildebrandt, Henrike Reinhard, Julia Templin, Carsten Bokemeyer, Nicolaus Kröger
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is a malignancy characterized by the expansion of a plasma cell clone that localizes to the human bone marrow. Myeloma cells and bone marrow stroma cells both produce soluble factors promoting the survival and progression of multiple myeloma. Interleukin-(IL)-16 is involved in regulating migration and proliferation of normal leukocytes, however, it has been unclear whether IL-16 also plays a role in the pathophysiology of human cancers. METHODS: Using an antibody array we screened BM plasma of MM patients for the presence of a large number of cytokines/chemokines. We confirmed cytokine expression by myeloma cell lines and malignant plasma cells from MM patients applying real-time PCR, western blots, ELISA, and flow cytometry. We used transfection with inhibitory RNA to analyze cytokine function and we applied anti-cytokine antibodies to evaluate possible therapeutic options for MM. RESULTS: We found IL-16 to be strongly overexpressed in the bone marrow of myeloma patients. Myeloma cell lines as well as primary tumor cells from myeloma patients constitutively expressed IL-16 and its receptors CD4 and/or CD9 and spontaneously secreted soluble IL-16. Silencing of IL-16 had an anti-proliferative effect on the tumor cells which was reversed by the addition of a recombinant C-terminal IL-16 peptide. Most importantly, the application of a monoclonal antibody directed against IL-16 had a strong growth-inhibiting influence on myeloma cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cytokine IL-16 is an important growth-promoting factor in MM and might represent an important diagnostic and therapeutic target for this incurable human malignancy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 789. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-789
Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment of Elderly Women with Stage II Breast Cancer
Authors: FRANK J. CUMMINGS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

One hundred seventy elderly women with stage II breast cancer, stratified on the basis of the number of positive axillary nodes and estrogen receptor status, were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen or placebo for 24 months in a prospective, double-blind, adjuvant trial. The median age was 71 years with a range from 65 to 84 years. The overall percentage of patients disease-free at 4 years was 76% for those given tamoxifen and 52% for those given placebo (p = 0.0004). Benefit was seen in all subgroups of patients treated with tamoxifen. Two years of tamoxifen therapy represents an effective postoperative adjuvant treatment for elderly women with stage II breast cancer, resulting in improved time to relapse, statistically fewer distant first recurrences, and minimal toxicity. No improvement in overall survival has been seen yet.
Liposarcoma of the Anterior Mediastinum and Neck
Authors: Yuan-Yung Lin, Wan-Fu Su
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 46-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of a palpable neck mass. She reported having had no associated symptoms of dysphagia or dyspnea. Previous evaluation with fine-needle aspiration and thyroid ultrasonography had been inconclusive. The physical examination revealed a large, palpable, fixed, firm, and nontender mass in the lower neck (Panel A, arrow). Auscultation of the lungs was notable for decreased breath sounds and dullness on percussion in the region of the left upper lobe. Chest radiography revealed a mass (Panel B, arrows) in the lower neck and upper and middle mediastinal regions, causing tracheal deviation to the right . . .
Dopamine and α-synuclein dysfunction in Smad3 null mice
Authors: Silvia Tapia-González, Rosa M Giráldez-Pérez, M Isabel Cuartero, M José Casarejos, M Ángeles Mena, Xiao-Fan Wang, Amelia Sánchez-Capelo
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels increase in patients with PD, although the effects of this increment remain unclear. We have examined the mesostriatal system in adult mice deficient in Smad3, a molecule involved in the intracellular TGF-β1 signalling cascade. Results Striatal monoamine oxidase (MAO)-mediated dopamine (DA) catabolism to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is strongly increased, promoting oxidative stress that is reflected by an increase in glutathione levels. Fewer astrocytes are detected in the ventral midbrain (VM) and striatal matrix, suggesting decreased trophic support to dopaminergic neurons. The SN of these mice has dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in its rostral portion, and the pro-survival Erk1/2 signalling is diminished in nigra dopaminergic neurons, not associated with alterations to p-JNK or p-p38. Furthermore, inclusions of α-synuclein are evident in selected brain areas, both in the perikaryon (SN and paralemniscal nucleus) or neurites (motor and cingulate cortices, striatum and spinal cord). Interestingly, these α-synuclein deposits are detected with ubiquitin and P S129 -α-synuclein in a core/halo cellular distribution, which resemble those observed in human Lewy bodies (LB). Conclusions Smad3 deficiency promotes strong catabolism of DA in the striatum (ST), decrease trophic and astrocytic support to dopaminergic neurons and may induce α-synuclein aggregation, which may be related to early parkinsonism. These data underline a role for Smad3 in α-synuclein and DA homeostasis, and suggest that modulatory molecules of this signalling pathway should be evaluated as possible neuroprotective agents.
The Natural History of Retirement
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The number of persons retiring from work early or at the "normal" age of 65 to 69 years is rapidly increasing owing to current social forces. The impact of retirement, one of life's major events, on a person's health is of particular interest for a physician counseling a patient on the advisability of retirement. Despite the common belief, held by the medical community and lay persons alike, that retirement has a profound negative impact on the health of the retired person, available scientific data indicate that retirement per se may have a positive or no effect on health. New medical philosophy and approaches to retirement are suggested after review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between health, life satisfaction, and retirement.
Concentration--time relationship for various regimens of inhalation of organic compounds.
Authors: G I Sidorenko, M A Pinigin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

An attempt was made to establish a concentration--time relationship for continuous and interrupted inhalation of a number of nonelectrolytes to establish norms for the permissible content of harmful substances in atmospheric air. The tests showed that the indicated relationship can be expressed in the form of a straight line on a logarithmic grid by using either acute toxicity parameters or the onset of physiological and biochemical shifts. This makes it possible to predict the chronic effect thresholds of substances on the basis of the results of short-term experiments.
Infection after cyanoacrylate injection: a fatal complication in a patient with portal hypertension associated with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: O. Lidove, A. Gervais, M. Malphettes, A. Sauvanet, J.-L. Moretti, T. Papo
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 54-year-old woman was referred in 2002 because of recurrent pneumonitis associated with bronchiectasis. Common variable immunodeficiency was diagnosed (the serum gammaglobulin level was 0.09 g/dL [normal range 1.2 - 1.5 g/dL]), and she was treated with immunoglobulins. In 2004, gastroscopy revealed stage 2 esophageal and gastric varices, caused by nodular regenerative hyperplasia-related portal hypertension. In 2005 the patient developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonitis. In February 2006, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with cyanoacrylate glue injections was performed for gastric variceal bleeding, with antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazoline. In April 2006 she had another hematemesis and further endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was required.
An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome
Authors: Tilmann Bürckstümmer, Christoph Baumann, Stephan Blüml, Evelyn Dixit, Gerhard Dürnberger, Hannah Jahn, Melanie Planyavsky, Martin Bilban, Jacques Colinge, Keiryn L Bennett, Giulio Superti-Furga
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Fog-induced Respiratory Responses Are Attenuated by Nedocromil Sodium in Humans
Authors: FEDERICO LAVORINI, GIOVANNI A. FONTANA, TITO PANTALEO, GIANNA CAMICIOTTOLI, WALTER CASTELLANI, NAZZARENA M. MALUCCIO, MASSIMO PISTOLESI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Fog inhalation induces cough and bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma, but only cough in normal subjects; whether it also influences the pattern of breathing is unclear. Nedocromil sodium (NCS) inhibits the cough response to inhalation of several pharmacological agents but its effects on fog-induced cough and changes in the pattern of breathing are unknown. We evaluated the effects of no drug, placebo, and 4- and 8-mg NCS administration on the cough threshold and changes in the pattern of breathing during fog inhalation in 14 healthy subjects. Measurements of tidal volume (Vt), duration of inspiratory and expiratory times (Ti and Te, respectively), total duration of the respiratory cycle (Tt), mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti), duty cycle (Ti/Tt), respiratory frequency (f, 60/Tt), and inspiratory minute ventilation (V˙ i) were obtained by inductive plethysmography. Median cough threshold values were unaffected by placebo, but were increased (p < 0.01) by both NCS doses. In no-drug and placebo trials, inhalation of the threshold fog concentration caused increases in both Vt/Ti and V˙ i (p always < 0.05) due to selective increases (p < 0.01) in Vt. These changes were markedly attenuated by both NCS doses administration. Thus, fog induces coughing and increases in Vt, Vt/ Ti, and V˙ i in healthy subjects; NCS possesses antitussive effects and attenuates fog-induced changes in the pattern of breathing, possibly through inhibition of rapidly adapting "irritant" receptors.
Leukemia patients to be given varicella vaccine
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Varicella vaccine, still experimental in this country, is being used in an effort to protect leukemia patients from potentially fatal chickenpox. The project eventually will involve 500 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia who never have had chickenpox and lack antibodies to the varicella-zoster virus. An additional group of leukemia patients— those who have survived natural varicella infection without vaccination—are being recruited as controls. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Md, which is supporting the study, estimates that up to 7% of immunosuppressed leukemia patients who contract varicella will die. That estimate is largely based on treatment of 77 young cancer patients at St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis. Sixty of these patients were immunosuppressed when they developed varicella; four died (<i>Pediatrics</i>1975;56:388-397). Among presumably healthy persons, the varicella death-to-case ratio recently in this country has been 6.7/10,000, according to data compiled by Stephen R. Preblud, MD,
Advances in Prostate Cancer Chemotherapy: A New Era Begins
Authors: K. J. Pienta, D. C. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Prostate cancer continues to be the most common lethal malignancy diagnosed in American men and the second leading cause of male cancer mortality. Over 60 years ago, Huggins and Hodges discovered androgen deprivation as a first-line therapy for metastatic prostate cancer, which leads to remissions typically lasting 2 to 3 years, but in most men prostate cancer ultimately progresses to an androgen-independent state resulting in death due to widespread metastases. Multiple mechanisms of androgen independence have now been documented, including amplification of the androgen receptor as well as signal transduction pathways that bypass the androgen receptor completely. In 2004, two landmark studies demonstrated a survival advantage in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients utilizing docetaxel chemotherapy, setting a new standard of care for this disease. In addition, treatments with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid and systemic radioisotopes have also been shown to have palliative benefits in this population. Building on these advances, several new traditional chemotherapeutic agents as well as new targeted therapies are under development.
Finding New Models for Medicine
Authors: Richard J. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Those of us who see patients are impressed on a daily basis by all the things we do not understand and cannot explain. When we try to make sense of patients who have symptoms but no diseases, or when we try to comprehend why patients do not take medicine or do not follow our recommendations, we discover that the traditional biomedical paradigm leaves us without enlightening concepts or language.  Nobody wants to have a stroke; having high blood pressure increases the risk of stroke; taking antihypertensive medication lowers blood pressure and risk of stroke. Therefore, everybody with high blood pressure wants to take his or her medicine. Quod erat demonstrandum . But somehow it does not work out that way. Somebody walks in with belly pain. We arrange an exhaustive gastrointestinal workup that proves normal. We call the patient and say: Great news! There's nothing wrong with you! Surprisingly, the patient
Identification of the D1-cell as the source of human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP).
Authors: P Heitz, J M Polak, S R Bloom, A G Pearse
Journal: Gut (1976)

Immunoperoxidase positive HPP-producing cells have been examined ultrastructurally using the serial semithin-thin section technique. The features of the HPP cells were found to be identical with those of the previously described D1-cell. The D1-cells are scattered throughout the exocrine parenchyma and occur to a minor extent in the islets.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Expression in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer with Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Japanese Cohort
Authors: Seiji Yano, Tadaaki Yamada, Shinji Takeuchi, Keisei Tachibana, Yuko Minami, Yasushi Yatabe, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Hidenori Tanaka, Tatsuo Kimura, Shinzoh Kudoh, Hiroshi Nokihara, Yuichiro Ohe, Jun Yokota, Hidetaka Uramoto, Kosei Yasumoto, Katsuyuki Kiura, Masahiko Higashiyama, Makoto Oda, Haruhiro Saito, Junji Yoshida, Kazuya Kondoh, Masayuki Noguchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
BEHRING'S NEW TUBERCULOSIS REMEDY.
Authors: ARNOLD C. KLEBS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I can assure you that rarely in my life have I felt greater joy than during those days, weeks and months when I recognized with ever-growing clearness the es- sential causal relation between inoculation and immun- ity."These enthusiastic words were uttered by von Behring at the closing session of the International Con- gress of Tuberculosis October 7, of this year, before an assembly of lay and medical members and their guests.They served as an introduction to the revelation of this remedy of tuberculosis, of which we, who were in Paris at the time, had seen the most wonderful accounts on the preceding days in the sensational press of the French metropolis.It seems to be the specialty of international congresses to bring forth some sensational revelations.In 1890 Koch's announcement of his tuberculin and later in 1901 of his unbelief in the identity of the human and bovine type of the tubercle bacillus are still well remembered.The sensational element in this, as it was the case in the others, will exert a regrettable influence on the public and especially on its good opinion of things medical.Anything uttered by the inventor of diphtheria anti- toxin by a scientist of the first rank, however, must command attention, no matter how regrettable its mode of announcement may seem.
Novel <i>NBS1</i> Heterozygous Germ Line Mutation Causing MRE11-Binding Domain Loss Predisposes to Common Types of Cancer
Authors: Hiromichi Ebi, Keitaro Matsuo, Nobuyoshi Sugito, Motoshi Suzuki, Hirotaka Osada, Kazuo Tajima, Ryuzo Ueda, Takashi Takahashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract DNA damage response (DDR) pathways maintain genomic stability. A 657del5 mutation of NBS1, a key DDR component, causing the rare cancer-predisposing Nijmegen breakage syndrome has been reported nearly exclusively in Slavic populations. In this study, we describe the first identification in a Japanese population of an unprecedented type of heterozygous NBS1 mutant, termed IVS11+2insT, lacking the MRE11- and ATM-binding site at the COOH terminus. Profoundly defective in crucial binding to MRE11, MDC1, BRCA1, and wild-type NBS1, the mutant caused impaired ATM phosphorylation in response to low-dose irradiation in a heterozygous state. Importantly, whereas IVS11+2insT was found in only 2 (0.09%) of 2,348 control subjects, it was identified in 2% (2 of 96) of heterozygotes with gastric cancer, 0.8% (3 of 376) of those with colorectal cancer, and 0.4% (2 of 532) of those with lung cancer, which were comparable to frequencies reported for other DDR-related genes known to confer cancer susceptibility. The presence of the heterozygous IVS11+2insT mutation seemed to be associated with an increased risk for gastrointestinal cancers, with an odds ratio of 12.6 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.05 to 132.1 (P = 0.0001). The odds ratios separately calculated for gastric and colorectal cancers were 25.0 (95% CI, 1.78–346.0) and 9.43 (95% CI, 1.08–113.1), respectively. These findings suggest that IVS11+2insT is associated with an increased risk for the development of certain types of common cancers, warranting future investigation including detailed phenotypic characterization of age of onset and penetrance in heterozygotes, as well as screening in other ethnic groups. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11158–65]
Biomarker-Directed Therapy of Squamous Carcinomas of the Head and Neck: Targeting PI3K/PTEN/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Floyd Christopher Holsinger, Sarina Anne Piha-Paul, Filip Janku, David S. Hong, Johnique T. Atkins, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Induction of type 1 immune responses against Bet v 1a allergens in mice by proteosome based mucosal adjuvants
Authors: Clement R Rioux, Anne-Marie Gelinas, Martin Plante, Rosalie Peevers, Helen Diamantakis, Nathalie Bellerose, Steven Tran, George H Lowell, David S Burt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Translational Studies of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jane F. Ferguson, Christine C. Hinkle, Nehal N. Mehta, Roshanak Bagheri, Stephanie L. DerOhannessian, Rhia Shah, Megan I. Mucksavage, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Hakon Hakonarson, Xuexia Wang, Stephen R. Master, Daniel J. Rader, Mingyao Li, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
LONG-TERM OUTCOME (FIVE YEARS) AFTER UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN STENTING WITH PACLITAXEL ELUTING STENT: FROM THE FRENCH LEFT MAIN TAXUS REGISTRY
Authors: Brahim Meftout, Thierry Lefèvre, Olivier Darremont, Philippe Garot, Marc Silvestri, Yves Louvard, Thierry Unterseeh, Beatriz Vaquerizo, Helen Routledge, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Where are the unemployed doctors?
Authors: M. M Allen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

admission was severity of symptoms or admission for social reasons.I found it surprising that there was no mention of pleural pain, since this is a relatively common reason for admission to hospital and in my experience prevents effective coughing in some patients.I am yet to be convinced of the value of physiotherapy in the treatment of primary pneumonia, but this paper has not caused me to question my present therapeutic practice of asking the physiotherapist to help expectoration in patients with pneumonia, especially those with pleural pain.
Myocardial stress and hypertrophy: a complex interface between biophysics and cardiac remodeling
Authors: William Grossman, Walter J. Paulus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Pressure and volume overload results in concentric and eccentric hypertrophy of cardiac ventricular chambers with, respectively, parallel and series replication of sarcomeres. These divergent patterns of hypertrophy were related 40 years ago to disparate wall stresses in both conditions, with systolic wall stress eliciting parallel replication of sarcomeres and diastolic wall stress, series replication. These observations are relevant to clinical practice, as they relate to the excessive hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction regularly observed in patients with aortic stenosis. Stress-sensing mechanisms in cardiomyocytes and activation of cardiomyocyte death by elevated wall stress continue to intrigue cardiovascular scientists.