tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-term inhibition of the Na–H exchanger limits acidosis and reduces ischemic injury in the rat heart
Authors: S Schaefer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Introduction: Pharmacologic inhibition of the Na–H exchanger prior to and during ischemia has been shown to protect the ischemic heart by reducing Na–H exchange. However, pH regulation in the ischemic heart is primarily mediated by other pH regulatory mechanisms, such as metabolite efflux and sodium-coupled HCO3− influx, which may compensate for a reduction in Na–H exchange by increasing proton efflux. We hypothesized that short-term pharmacologic inhibition of the Na–H exchanger would result in increases in other compensatory pH regulatory mechanisms and thereby limit acidosis during ischemia and reduce ischemic injury. Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, we exposed isolated perfused rat hearts to ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA, 3 μM) for 40 min, followed by 10 min of EIPA-free perfusate and 30 min of global ischemia (termed CTL/EIPA hearts). The effects of this intervention were compared to hearts perfused with either glucose alone (CTL) or EIPA 3 μM for 10 min before ischemia (EIPA). Ischemic injury was measured using creatine kinase (CK) release on reperfusion, while pH and metabolic effects were measured using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effect of this intervention on recovery from an acid load was assessed using an NH4Cl pre-pulse in bicarbonate-containing Krebs-Henseleit as well as HEPES buffer. Results: Both CTL/EIPA and EIPA hearts had marked reduction in ischemic injury (CK control 1191±116 IU/g dry weight; CTL/EIPA 406±42 IU/gdw; EIPA 333±78 IU/gdw), as well as significantly reduced end-diastolic pressure on reperfusion. Intracellular pH was higher in the CTL/EIPA hearts (end-ischemic pH = 6.34±0.05) compared to either control (5.86±0.02) or EIPA hearts (6.01±0.02), while pH recovery on reperfusion was markedly slowed in the CTL/EIPA hearts. CTL/EIPA hearts had rapid ATP depletion during ischemia, but PCr recovery comparable to EIPA hearts. Acidification on exposure to NH4Cl was increased in the presence of HEPES, but pH recovery was not altered by short-term exposure to EIPA. Conclusions: These data show that short-term inhibition of the Na–H exchanger altered pH regulation in the ischemic heart, resulting in reduced acidosis and slow pH recovery on reperfusion, coupled with reduction in ischemic injury and end-diastolic pressure on reperfusion. These findings are consistent with short-term exposure to EIPA accelerating ATP depletion during ischemia, as well as limiting proton efflux during reperfusion.
Talc and amosite/crocidolite preferentially deposited in the lungs of nonoccupational female lung cancer cases in urban areas of Japan.
Authors: H Yamada, H Hashimoto, M Akiyama, Y Kawabata, K Iwai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

To analyze the correlation between asbestos lung burden and lung cancer, lungs of 211 female cases with and without lung cancer were examined. Phase-contrast microscopic (PCM) counting of ferruginous (FBs) and uncoated fibers (UFs), which had length longer than 5 microns and aspect ratios greater than 3:1, revealed a significantly higher level of FBs plus UFs in urban lung cancer cases than urban non-lung cancer cases (1380.5 vs. 550.3; p &lt; 0.001). No difference was noted between rural lung cancer and non-lung cancer cases. Analytical electron microscopic studies identified various kinds of mineral fibers with an aspect ratio greater than 3:1 in the lung tissue including chrysotile, actinolite/tremolite, amosite/crocidolite, fibrous talc, mica, silica, iron, wollastonite, chlorite, kaoline, and others. The most frequently detected fibers were thin, short chrysotile fibers, most of which could not be found by PCM, followed by relatively thick, long actinolite/tremolite fibers, fibrous talc, and in a smaller number, amosite/crocidolite of intermediate length and width. Amosite/crocidolite and fibrous talc counts in urban lung cancer cases were greater than those of urban non-lung cancer cases, rural lung cancer, and rural non-lung cancer cases; these findings were consistent with PCM analysis. Therefore, it is suggested that fibers detected in PCM observation may be mainly amosite/crocidolite with some parts fibrous talc and that fibrous talc in urban environments may be another candidate for carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic factors of female lung cancer.
Government prioritises health checks for 15 million adults despite pre-election promise to scrap them
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Department of Health has told Public Health England to prioritise the implementation of regular health checks for people aged 40 to 74 years,1 even though a recent Cochrane systematic review showed that such checks had little effect on health outcomes.2

In April 2009 the Labour government introduced NHS health checks, requiring primary care trusts to screen all adults aged 40 to 74, roughly 15 million people, for diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and stroke risk, regardless of their risk profile.

The checks were introduced despite warnings from …
Jejunal water and electrolyte secretion induced by L-arginine in man.
Authors: J E Hegarty, P D Fairclough, M L Clark, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1981)

In this study a perfusion technique has been used to investigate jejunal secretion in response to the dibasic amino acid L-arginine. L-arginine at 5, 15, and 40 mmol/l in isotonic saline solutions induced net intestinal secretion of water and Na+. The structurally similar dibasic amino acid L-lysine caused net absorption at 5 and 15 mmol/l, and only modest net secretion of water and Na+ at 40 mmol/l, although absorption rates of the two amino acids were similar. D-arginine (15 mmol/l) was without effect on net water and Na+ absorption. L-arginine 15 mmol/l inhibited glucose-stimulated water and Na+ absorption when perfused in the same intestinal segment, but was without effect when perfused in separate jejunal or ileal segments. Parenteral chlorpromazine inhibited L-arginine induced jejunal water and Na+ secretion. Jejunal secretion induced by L-arginine thus appears not to be due to passive osmotic water flow, nor to release of circulating secretagogues. Stimulation of a mucosal secretory process is most likely to be the mechanism.
Should adjuvant chemotherapy be withheld from any patient with operable breast cancer?: An analysis of strategies based on tumour size
Authors: A. O Langlands, S. M Gore, G. M Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We examined the clinical course of operable breast cancer and looked at what effect tumour size had on the probability of death from the disease. We analysed data from 1936 patients who were classified as having international stage I and II disease: decision theory was used to show a technique for determining the best strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy in the overall management of breast cancer.To evaluate this approach further, studies need to be designed to yield numerical values for the total morbidity of treatment on a scale from 0 to 100-the concept of utility loss-where 100 represents the maximum utility loss in patients in the early stages of disease. Such studies would contribute more to determining the best overall management of such patients than the current proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to evaluate either different combinations of adjuvant drugs or the effect of known combinations in selected subgroups of patients.
Computerized Electrocardiography — An Adjunct to the Physician
Authors: Michael M. Laks, Ronald H. Startt Selvester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In the United States, more than 50 million electrocardiograms (ECGs) per year are read by computerized ECG-reading systems.1 Portable equipment that interprets ECGs is now widely available to clinics and physicians. The rapid spread of computerized ECG-reading systems is a direct result of the enhanced efficiency of ECG storage, retrieval, editing, data management, and billing. In contrast, the development of better programs to interpret ECGs2 has lagged behind, partly because they are very labor-intensive.In this issue of the Journal, Willems et al.3 of the European Working Party on Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography (CSE) report on an important . . .
Infusion of donor-derived CD19-redirected virus-specific T cells for B-cell malignancies relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplant: a phase 1 study
Authors: Conrad Russell Y. Cruz, Kenneth P. Micklethwaite, Barbara Savoldo, Carlos A. Ramos, Sharon Lam, Stephanie Ku, Oumar Diouf, Enli Liu, A. John Barrett, Sawa Ito, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Robert A. Krance, Rammurti T. Kamble, George Carrum, Chitra M. Hosing, Adrian P. Gee, Zhuyong Mei, Bambi J. Grilley, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner, Catherine M. Bollard, Gianpietro Dotti
Journal: Blood (2013)
US citizens are less healthy but living longer, report says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

US citizens are living longer but less healthy lives according to the latest annual compendium of data, a huge 583 pages, released today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Life expectancy at birth was 76.8 years in 2000 and increased to 78.1 years by 2008, the last year for which data are available. People who had reached 65 years of age could expect to live another 17.6 and 18.8 years at those respective points in time.

White women live the longest; black women live a bit longer than white men; and black men die youngest, though the gap is narrowing.

People’s perception of their …
Efficient Transduction of Nondividing Cells by Optimized Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vectors
Authors: M.A. Curran, S.M. Kaiser, P.L. Achacoso, G.P. Nolan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Second- and third-generation three-plasmid vector systems, termed FELIX, were constructed from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). To enhance vector production, the weak FIV long terminal repeat promoter was replaced with the human cytomegalovirus enhancer/promoter. To construct a minimal system in which Gag-Pol was the only viral protein present, the cytoplasmic transport element was used in place of the FIV Rev-RRE system to facilitate nuclear export of Gag-Pol and the transfer vector. Unconcentrated vector titers routinely exceeded 1 × 106 IU/mL for most constructs tested. Second- and optimized third-generation vectors were capable of efficiently infecting G1/S- and G2/M-arrested cells. FIV-based FELIX vectors transduced human dendritic cells, hepatocytes, and aortic smooth muscle with efficiencies similar to that of a control 3T3 cell line. All three of these primary cell types were transducible by both the second- and third-generation FELIX vectors, demonstrating that FIV Gag-Pol alone contains the determinants necessary for transduction of primary cells. In cross-packaging tests, we observed that HIV Gag-Pol does not substantially package FIV vectors; consequently, use of such vectors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells should not lead to efficient mobilization of the inserted gene. Thus, this FIV-based vector system offers high efficiency and stable delivery of genes to numerous nondividing and primary cell types, opening new avenues for biological inquiry into normal human cells.
Keratoacanthoma and multiple carcinomas
Authors: SLOBODAN POLEKSIC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A case of keratoacanthoma, preceding four primary malignant tumours without metastasis, is presented. Two similar cases from the literature with two and three multiple primary carcinomas, are reviewed. They all have the following findings in common: (1) keratoacanthoma, (2) adenocarcinoma of the colon, (3) additional primary malignant tumour or tumours, and (4) absent or delayed metastasis.
Myocardial Necrosis from Direct Current Countershock
Authors: CHARLES F. DAHL, GORDON A. EWY, E. D. WARNER, EVAN D. THOMAS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The effect of varying both paddle electrode size and the time interval between direct current countershock on myocardial necrosis was studied. Forty-two dogs were divided into seven groups of six dogs each. All dogs were given ten consecutive, 240 watt-second countershocks (delivered energy into a 50 ohm load). Three groups were shocked with paddle electrode diameters of 8.0 cm (standard electrodes), two groups with paddle electrode diameters of 12.8 cm (large electrodes), and two groups with paddle electrode diameters of 4.3 cm (small electrodes). The time intervals between discharges in the groups shocked with the standard electrodes were 15 seconds, one minute, and three minutes. The time interval between discharges in the groups shocked with small and large electrodes was 15 seconds and three minutes. Myocardial necrosis was quantitated by precordial electrocardiographic mapping recorded minutes after, and by gross and microscopic examination of the hearts four days after direct current countershock. When the time interval between discharges was shorter, myocardial necrosis was greater. When the time interval between discharges was constant, more necrosis was produced with smaller-sized paddle electrodes. It is concluded that large paddle electrodes should be used for delivering direct current countershocks, and that during elective cardioversion, consecutive discharges should be delivered at time intervals greater than three minutes.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatography: A Case Report
Authors: N. Harada, T. Kouzu, M. Arima, T. Asano, T. Kikuchi, K. Isono
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatography was performed on a 48-year-old man with a diagnosis of pancreatic stone. A pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy had been performed previously on this patient, approximately two years earlier, following the diagnosis of a tumor-forming pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and conventional ultrasound-guided percutaneous pancreatography had failed to yield a diagnosis. However, endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatography was performed successfully, delineating the pancreatic duct and a filling defect caused by intraductal calculi. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatography will be a potential alternative in cases when endoscopic retrograde pancreatography has failed or proved nondiagnostic.
Points from Letters: Living it up with Concorde
Authors: G. A. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The patient, a widow aged 63, developed a marked bilateral conjunctivitis in July 1970.When questioned, she stated that she had noticed a stinging sensation of the eyes when- ever she tipped a new brand of washing powder into water.This powder, which she had used for a few weeks only, proved to be a well known enzyme detergent.On giving up the use of the preparation the conjunctival signs disappeared and have not returned.Presumably the act of tipping out the washing powder can give rise to a sufficient concentration of enzyme dust to affect the conjunctiva of a sensitive person.When dealing with an unexplained case of allergic conjunctivitis, therefore, it seems worth asking whether the patient has been using a new brand of washing powder.-Iam, etc.,
Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Javaid Asgher
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I take strong exception to the views expressed by Ronald Tompkins, MD, in response to a question regarding selection of diagnostic modality for diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (1981;246:2868). I believe he has provided an ambiguous answer to the question and has also denigrated the facts by labeling them nonscientific and nonmedical.  The shortcoming of ultrasound in proper delineation of cystic duct area is known to all who are involved in sonography. The problem is further complicated by the fibrous spiral valves in the region of the neck of the gallbladder that can cause acoustic shadowing. Furthermore, if there are small stones lying incidentally in the region of Hartmann's pouch, one can never be sure whether these are the real cause of acute symptoms. 1   The sonographic criteria mentioned by Dr Tompkins are great, if present. Raghavendra et al 2 have shown that only 70% of patients with
Surgical Pathology of the Uterus
Authors: Stewart F. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

While gynecologic pathology textbooks are disease oriented, this monograph focuses on the how's and why's of tissue processing and interpretation. Dr Silverberg explains his approach to the specimen in precise and practical detail, with a strong emphasis on clinicopathologic interaction. Chapter headings read like tissue examination request forms, eg, endometrial biopsy for infertility, endometrial curettage for abnormal vaginal bleeding, hysterectomy for malignant disease, hysterectomy for benign disease, specimens from women exposed to diethylstilbesterol. Clinical considerations that come within the purview of the surgical pathologist are discussed. These range from microscopic variables that are prognostically important to pathologically normal hysterectomy cases that will be referred to the tissue committee. Interpretive aspects are clearly and concisely explained in a smooth, readable style. The author, directly addressing controversial areas, explains his own viewpoint, with solid support from an up-to-date bibliography (113 references). Rare lesions are not comprehensively discussed, but are mentioned where appropriate.
THE EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE KINETICS OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES
Authors: Jan Thompson, Ralph van Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes, i.e., peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages, was studied in normal mice, as well as in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was evoked in the peritoneal cavity. The administration of glucocorticosteroids resulted in a rapid decrease (within 3-6 hr) in the number of circulating monocytes, the duration being dependent on the nature and dose of the compound. The water-soluble dexamethasone sodium phosphate is only briefly active (less than 12 hr), but hydrocortisone acetate, which forms a subcutaneous depot, reduced the number of monocytes for more than 2 wk. In normal mice, hydrocortisone did not affect the number of macrophages already present in the peritoneal cavity, but the transit of mononuclear phagocytes from the circulation into the peritoneal cavity was arrested. During an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity, hydrocortisone suppresses both the increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood and the increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages. This reduction of the inflammatory exudate appeared to be due to a diminished influx of mononuclear phagocytes from the peripheral blood. No lytic action of glucocorticosteroids on the mononuclear phagocytes could be demonstrated.
Diets for Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Henry J. Tumen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to express my very strong support for the opinions of Dr. Robert M. Donaldson, Jr., in his description of the "muddle" of the diets that are prescribed for patients with gastrointestinal disorders (225:1243, 1973). I hope that Dr. Donaldson's common sense statements about the infrequency with which specific diets are needed will be given much greater publicity. The ritualistic and arbitrary diet sheets that have been prescribed for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have been in vogue much too long. I believe, however, that Dr. Donaldson's efforts should be supplemented by calling attention to the great need for reviewing with patients their pattern of eating, rather than giving rigid instructions about what to eat. Too little attention is paid to the need for proper spacing of meals, the bad results of skipping meals and then eating too much at one time, eating too fast, and the
Release of prostanoids into the portal and hepatic vein in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Heinrich Wernze, Wolfgang Tittor, Matthias Goerig
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Arterial and hepatovenous concentrations of circulating prostaglandin E 2 and prostaglandin F 2α , the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A 2 were measured in patients with chronic liver disease and compared with those in control patients with coronary artery disease but without hepatic dysfunction. Specific radioimmunoassays were used after extraction on octadecyl C 18-silica gel columns and thin-layer chromatography. While low levels of all cyclooxygenase products were found in hepatic arterial blood in patients with proven cirrhosis (n = 10) and fibrosis (n = 8), significantly higher concentrations were detected in the hepatic vein. A similar concentration profile was observed in controls (n = 4). Thus, there is a marked but comparable release of prostanoids from the normal as well as the diseased liver. Hepatovenous prostaglandin E 2 was 11.6-fold, prostaglandin F 2α was 7.5-fold, prostacyclin was 12.2.-fold and thromboxane B 2 was 3.9-fold above the level in the artery in both groups of patients. The hepatovenous concentrations of all arachinodate metabolites were unrelated to changes of liver morphology, biochemical abnormalities or the presence of ascites. No correlation could be demonstrated between hepatic venous pressure gradient and the concentration of prostanoids in the hepatic vein with the exception of thromboxane B 2 (r = 0.55, p &lt; 0.05). The occurrence of esophageal varices was not associated with a specific pattern of circulating prostanoids in the posthepatic vasculature. Moreover, the portal-venous concentrations of all prostanoids (five patients: two with fibrosis, three with cirrhosis) exceeded the level in the hepatic vein substantially. While the functional significance of high levels of arachinodate metabolites in the hepatic and portal vein remains questionable, excessive release of prostanoids from the prehepatic splanchnic area occurs in advanced stages of chronic liver disease as well as in patients with minor morphological changes and apparently in healthy subjects, too. We suggest that the high content of prostanoids in the portal vein primarily reflects its predominant role in regulating gastrointestinal motility as well as in regulating splanchnic microcirculation.