tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deoxycholate and cholate modulate the source of cholesterol substrate for bile acid synthesis in the rat
Authors: Jürgen Scheibner, Michael Fuchs, Michael Schiemann, Eduard F. Stange
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In the current study, the role of the supply of preformed and newly synthesized cholesterol for the feedback control of the synthesis of different bile acids and the secretion of biliary cholesterol was investigated. To define these cholesterol fluxes and the possibility of a different modulation by bile acids with different suppressive capacities, a continuous labeling with tritiated water was used in rats with an extracorporeal bile duct receiving intraduodenal infusions of taurocholate or taurocholate plus deoxycholate. After bile acid pool depletion (6 to 9 hours) total muricholate, cholate, and chenodeoxycholate synthesis was variably increased (24% to 93%) during an infusion of 304 mumol taurocholate/kg per hour. The increase in bile acid synthesis and biliary cholesterol output was predominantly due to the utilization of preformed (unlabeled) cholesterol. The addition of 52 mumol/kg per hour of deoxycholate to 258 mumol/kg per hour of taurocholate had a comparable effect. In the late period (30 to 54 hours), the taurocholate infusion had little impact on total muricholate and chenodeoxycholate synthesis but caused by a significant increase of the proportion from performed cholesterol. Both total cholate production and its synthesis from de novo (labeled) cholesterol was inhibited by 30% (P < .05) and 64% (P < .01), respectively. The secretion rate of total and de novo biliary cholesterol was higher (65% and 72%; P < .01) compared with controls. In comparison, the combined bile acid infusion led to a further increase of total muricholate synthesis (P < .05), which was again due to an enhanced synthesis from performed cholesterol (P < .001). Similar changes were observed in chenodeoxycholate. The more pronounced suppression of total cholate synthesis by 81% (P < .05) was due to a diminished cholate synthesis from both de novo cholesterol by 72% (P < .001) and preformed cholesterol by 91% (P > .05). We conclude that the modulation of the synthesis of the various primary bile acids in the rat differs and feedback regulation of cholate synthesis by taurocholate and deoxycholate is mediated by different mechanisms of control, including inhibition of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, HMG-CoA reductase, and uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol.
Childhood cancer and drugs in pregnancy.
Authors: B M Sanders, G J Draper
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A study was carried out on 11 169 matched case-control pairs of children aged up to 15 years included in the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers to see whether an association exists between cancer in children and drugs given to their mothers during pregnancy. The mothers of children who developed cancer reported about 25% more illnesses during pregnancy than mothers of healthy control children. Two specific illnesses, pulmonary tuberculosis and epilepsy, were investigated. For these there was a higher than average case-control excess of reports and there had been a suggestion that the drugs used in treatment, isoniazid and phenytoin, might be carcinogenic. The results of this investigation provide no real evidence for any association between the drugs taken by the mothers during pregnancy and subsequent cancer in the child.
WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ILLUMINATE THE SIGMOID CAVITY?
Authors: J. G. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

At Winchester, Ky., June, 1886, the author read a paper before the Kentucky State Medical Society on ulceration of the sigmoid cavity—Inversion of Trunk, Electric and Reflected Light in Diagnosis and Treatment, which was published in the<i>American Practitioner and News</i>, Vol. 11. New Series, No. 17, August 21, 1886, at Louisville, Ky. On November 30, 1885, the writer visited J——Mc. at Crab Orchard, Ky., who had had an attack of acute dysentery in August, 1885, and had made an incomplete recovery, and had been treated by his physician for chronic dysentery from September 18 to November of that year. Age of patient was 20 years, good family history, former health good, habits and morals good, and the following general and local conditions existed, viz.: The patient was pale, weak and anemic; the tongue had a yellowish-white coat; the bowels were tympanitic and painful in the left iliac region, especially
Blood Transfusion for the Practitioner
Authors: G. R. Bashford
Journal: BMJ (1940)

s (1939) recent observation, based on five years of blood transfusion service in Turin University Medical Clinic and in the Spanish War, that "the dramatic improvement which follows the pure-blood trans- fUsion rarely appeared after stored-blood transfusion," prompts me to give a detailed account of whole-blood transfusion as it mav be practised in the home, in the hope that it may afford convincing evidence of its sim-
Complaints against doctors in child protection work have increased fivefold
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The threat of complaints and ruined reputations is driving paediatricians away from fulfilling their role in child protection, leaving vulnerable children at risk of abuse, says the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.

A survey of college members, to which almost 80% of the country's 6072 paediatricians replied, has shown that the number of complaints made against doctors involved in child protection has risen fivefold in the last seven years.

And while complaints have risen, paediatricians have turned their backs on child protection work. Currently 30% of posts where paediatricians take a lead in child protection are unfilled.

The catalyst for the increase in complaints has been the publicity surrounding two high profile cases, said Professor …
Respiratory Muscle Recruitment and Exercise Performance in Eucapnic and Hypercapnic Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: MARIA MONTES de OCA, BARTOLOME R. CELLI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

If chronic hypercapnia in patients with severe COPD occurs as a consequence of respiratory muscle (RM) weakness or fatigue, we would expect that ventilatory muscle recruitment (VMR) and exercise performance in stable hypercapnic patients would differ from those in eucapnic patients. We evaluated exercise performance and RM function at rest and during exercise in 19 eucapnic (PCO(2) 40 +/- 3 mm Hg), and 13 hypercapnic (PCO(2) 52 +/- 10 mm Hg) patients with severe COPD. A metabolic cart was used to determine V E, V O(2), V CO(2), and HR. Gastric (Pg) and esophageal (Ppl) balloons were used to measure Pg, Ppl, and Pdi. Ventilatory muscle recruitment pattern (VMR) was partitioned using end-inspiratory and end-expiratory Pg and Ppl. Hypercapnic patients had lower FEV(1) (0.60 +/- 0.24 versus 0.95 +/- 0.31 L, p < 0.001), MVV (28 +/- 11 versus 41 +/- 13 L, p < 0.001), resting PO(2) (61 +/- 11 versus 70 +/- 11 mm Hg, p < 0.001), peak PO(2) (60 +/- 20 versus 75 +/- 22 mm Hg, p < 0.005), and V E(max) (24 +/- 10 versus 32 +/- 12 L/min, p < 0.001). Patients in both groups had similar FRC (5.7 +/- 1.6 versus 5.0 +/- 1.5 L), V O(2)max (0.58 +/- 0.30 versus 0.76 +/- 0.32 L/min), Watts (45 +/- 48 versus 71 +/- 59), V E/MVV (88 +/- 33 versus 79 +/- 14), and HRmax (117 +/- 17 versus 128 +/- 18 beats/min). PI(max) (67 +/- 28 versus 65 +/- 32 cm H(2)O) and PE(max) (98 +/- 34 versus 96 +/- 40 cm H(2)O) were also similar in both groups. VMR (DeltaPg/DeltaPpl) at rest (-0.28 +/- 0.51 versus 0 +/- 0.35) and during exercise (0.4 +/- 0.2 versus 0.39 +/- 0.15) was equally affected in both groups. We conclude that exercise capacity and ventilatory muscle recruitment are similarly impaired in eucapnic and hypercapnic patients with severe COPD. These findings make inability of the lung to increase ventilation and not respiratory muscle dysfunction a more attractive explanation for CO(2) retention in stable hypercapnic patients.
Asbestos and Smoking as Risk Factors for Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Matteo Goldoni, Silvia Bonini, Maria L. Urban, Alessandra Palmisano, Giuseppe De Palma, Elisa Galletti, Marco Coggiola, Carlo Buzio, Antonio Mutti, Augusto Vaglio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease. Asbestos exposure has been proposed as a risk factor for idiopathic RPF.To investigate the role of asbestos and other occupational agents (such as silica, metals, and organic solvents), as well as environmental agents (such as smoking), and their interactions as potential risk factors for idiopathic RPF.Case-control study.National referral hospital for idiopathic RPF.90 patients with idiopathic RPF and 270 control participants matched for age, sex, and region of residency.Occupational history was obtained using structured questionnaires administered by blinded specialists in occupational medicine. Exposure to nonoccupational agents and presence of diseases that were potentially predisposing to idiopathic RPF were assessed through patient interviews and examination of medical records.A history of asbestos exposure was associated with idiopathic RPF (odds ratio [OR], 4.22 [95% CI, 2.14 to 8.33]). Both current smoking (OR, 3.21 [CI, 1.46 to 7.07]) and former smoking (OR, 2.93 [CI, 1.39 to 6.14]) were more prevalent among patients than among those who never smoked. A multiplicative effect was found between tobacco smoke and both occupational asbestos exposure (OR, 12.04 [CI, 4.32 to 38.28]) and extraoccupational asbestos exposure (OR, 8.42 [CI, 2.77 to 30.58]).Retrospective, questionnaire-based assessment of occupational exposure.Exposure to asbestos and tobacco smoke resulted in strong risk factors for idiopathic RPF. Coexposure to asbestos and smoke had a multiplicative effect on risk compared with single exposure.None.
Development and Validation of 4 Different Rat Models of Uncontrolled Hemorrhage
Authors: Courtney E. Morgan, Vivek S. Prakash, Janet M. Vercammen, Timothy Pritts, Melina R. Kibbe
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in military trauma and second leading cause of death in civilian trauma. Although many well-established animal models of hemorrhage exist in the trauma and anticoagulant literature, few focus on directly quantitating blood loss.To establish and validate a reproducible rodent model of uncontrolled hemorrhage to serve as the foundation for developing therapies for noncompressible torso trauma.We developed and evaluated 4 different hemorrhage models using male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 rats/model), aged 10 to 14 weeks and weighing 330 to 460 g, at the Department of Surgery, Northwestern University.We used tail-cut (4 cm), liver punch biopsy (12 mm), liver laceration (3.0 × 1.5 cm), and spleen transection models. All animals underwent invasive hemodynamic monitoring.Blood loss, expressed as a percentage of total blood volume (TBV), mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, which were recorded at 2- to 5-minute intervals.The tail-cut model resulted in a mean (SD) TBV loss of 15.4% (6.0%) with hemodynamics consistent with class I hemorrhagic shock. The liver punch biopsy model resulted in a mean (SD) TBV loss of 16.7% (3.3%) with hemodynamics consistent with class I hemorrhagic shock. The liver laceration model resulted in a mean (SD) TBV loss of 19.8% (3.0%) with hemodynamics consistent with class II hemorrhagic shock. The spleen transection model resulted in the greatest blood loss (P < .01), with a mean (SD) TBV loss of 27.9% (3.4%) and hemodynamics consistent with class II hemorrhagic shock. The liver laceration and punch biopsy models resulted in most of the blood loss within the first 2 minutes, whereas the spleen transection and tail-cut models resulted in a steady loss during 10 minutes. The liver laceration and spleen transection models resulted in the greatest degree of hemodynamic instability (mean [SD] arterial pressure decreases of 25 [1] and 41 [11] mm Hg, respectively). One-hour survival was 100% in all 4 models.We established and validated the reproducibility of 4 different rat models of uncontrolled hemorrhage. These models provide a foundation to design novel nonsurgical therapies to control hemorrhage, and the different degrees of hemorrhagic shock produced from these models allow for flexibility in experimental design.
Reliability of Vectorcardiography in Assessing the Severity of Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: RICHARD REEVE, KYOHEI KAWAMATA, ARTHUR SELZER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

CONGENITAL AORTIC STENOSIS is a potentially serious heart defect which may require surgical correction even in asymp- tomatic children.The assessment of its severi- ty consists of two steps: the clinical evaluation and cardiac catheterization.The latter may represent a major surgical procedure.Many investigators have been tempted to use clinical criteria and simpler laboratory procedures, particularly electrocardiography, to select pa- tients for physiological studies.In spite of the fact that some relationships have been demonstrated between the various simple clinical tests and the severity of aortic stenosis, accurate assessment of the severity has not been possible without cardiac catheterization.Recently, it has been suggested that certain vectorcardiographic measurements permit a reasonable assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis.1' 2 The purpose of this communication is to report the findings of a study designed to test the accuracy of this method in assessing the severity of congenital valvular aortic stenosis.Methods This study consisted of relating vectorcardio- grams and hemodynamic data from 28 patients with congenital valvular aortic stenosis and from 23 normal persons.Frank-lead system vectorcar- diograms were taken with the patients resting in a supine position.The A, C, E, I and M electrodes were placed in the fourth intercostal space.Alternate loops of the planar forms of the vector- cardiograms were displayed on a vectorcardiograph* (PV-3) and the loops photographed with
Percentage of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative and Ph-positive cells found after autologous transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia depends on percentage of diploid cells induced by conventional- dose chemotherapy before collection of autologous cells
Authors: M Talpaz, H Kantarjian, J Liang, L Calvert, J Hamer, P Tibbits, A Durett, D Claxton, S Giralt, I Khouri
Journal: Blood (1995)
Abstract 896: Enhancing mTOR targeted therapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Marie N. Becker, John A. Copland, Christopher R. Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Because superficial bladder cancer (SBC) recurs in about 60% of cases, standard treatment involves tumor resection followed by intravesical therapies to prevent recurrence, as well as lifelong periodic cystoscopy. There is an urgent need for better intravesical therapies to prevent both the recurrence and progression of SBC. The Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) complex is upregulated in many bladder cancer tumors. We have targeted both the mTORc1 and mTORc2 complexes with drugs that inhibit both complexes. We used PP242 and a second inhibitor, OSI-027, which is currently in a phase I clinical trial for solid tumors (NCT00698243). Our in vitro model targets cell proliferation in three bladder cancer cell line (HT1376, T24 and UM-UC-3). Both drugs are effective in inhibiting the growth of bladder cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.6 and 18µM. In comparison with rapamycin, both drugs demonstrate effects on downstream targets of both the mTORc1 and mTORc2 pathways including 4EBP1 and pAkt. Receptor tyrosine kinases are another therapeutic target for bladder cancer. Lapatinib which targets EGFR and Her3, in combination with OSI-027 forms a highly synergistic treatment that inhibits bladder cancer cell line growth. Downstream molecular targets of the combination therapy, including the apoptosis markers PARP and caspase 3, were evaluated by Western blots. Our in vitro data suggests that a combination of dual mTOR inhibitors with RTK inhibitors may provide a novel effective therapeutic treatment for bladder cancer. Future studies of the in vivo efficacy of these drug combinations in a mouse model are planned. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 896. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-896
Regulation and physiological roles of the calpain system in muscular disorders
Authors: H. Sorimachi, Y. Ono
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Calpains, a family of Ca2+-dependent cytosolic cysteine proteases, can modulate their substrates' structure and function through limited proteolytic activity. In the human genome, there are 15 calpain genes. The most-studied calpains, referred to as conventional calpains, are ubiquitous. While genetic studies in mice have improved our understanding about the conventional calpains' physiological functions, especially those essential for mammalian life as in embryogenesis, many reports have pointed to overactivated conventional calpains as an exacerbating factor in pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and muscular dystrophies. For treatment of these diseases, calpain inhibitors have always been considered as drug targets. Recent studies have introduced another aspect of calpains that calpain activity is required to protect the heart and skeletal muscle against stress. This review summarizes the functions and regulation of calpains, focusing on the relevance of calpains to cardiovascular disease.
Breast-Feeding and Risk for Childhood Obesity: Response to Mayer-Davis et al.
Authors: Manisha Talim
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The study by Mayer-Davis et al. (1) reflects the fact that maternal nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Breast milk contains linoleic acid (of the n-6 polyunsatured fatty acids [PUFA] series) and α linolenic acid (of the n-3 …
Bronopol contact dermatitis in a milk recorder
Authors: C.E.H. Grattan, R.R.M. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Bronopol contact dermatitis in a milk recorder Get access C.E.H. Grattan, C.E.H. Grattan Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.R.M. Harman R.R.M. Harman Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 43, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13011.x Published: 01 July 1985
FRACTURES OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR AND THEIR TREATMENT.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: BEDFORD BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

and bandage only makes a bad matter worse, the vessels and nerves being compressed between bone and board.That which is absolutely essential to thoroughly satisfactory répair, is early and complete adjustment.This is one of the few fractures in which the chief difficulty lies in securing not maintaining apposition.Once secured, only the simplest after- treatment is really required ; a band around the wrist perhaps, to lessen the after-spreading due to separa¬ tion of and later somewhat misplaced attachment of the inter-articular cartilage.In view of possible after-ligation, as professional opinion is now, it is wiser as a rule to employ some form of splint, plaster-of-paris or other, never extend¬ ing below the wrist line and thus supporting the hand, which should be allowed to hang free.But the use of such splint is not necessary so far as the break is concerned, provided (and this proviso must be kept constantly in mind) complete apposition of the fragments is secured.Its manner of production well understood, the difficulties in the way of primary adjustment duly recognized, and the first dressing properly made, this fracture becomes one of the simplest to treat, causes little inconvenience, comparatively, to the subject of it, and is very satisfactory in its end-result.
A Transcriptomic Approach to Ribbon Worm Systematics (Nemertea): Resolving the Pilidiophora Problem
Authors: Sónia C. S. Andrade, Horácio Montenegro, Malin Strand, Megan L. Schwartz, Hiroshi Kajihara, Jon L. Norenburg, James M. Turbeville, Per Sundberg, Gonzalo Giribet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Resolving the deep relationships of ancient animal lineages has proven difficult using standard Sanger-sequencing approaches with a handful of markers. We thus reassess the relatively well-studied phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea (ribbon worms)—for which the targeted gene approaches had resolved many clades but had left key phylogenetic gaps—by using a phylogenomic approach using Illumina-based de novo assembled transcriptomes and automatic orthology prediction methods. The analysis of a concatenated data set of 2,779 genes (411,138 amino acids) with about 78% gene occupancy and a reduced version with 95% gene occupancy, under evolutionary models accounting or not for site-specific amino acid replacement patterns results in a well-supported phylogeny that recovers all major accepted nemertean clades with the monophyly of Heteronemertea, Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera, being well supported. Significantly, all the ambiguous patterns inferred from Sanger-based approaches were resolved, namely the monophyly of Palaeonemertea and Pilidiophora. By testing for possible conflict in the analyzed supermatrix, we observed that concatenation was the best solution, and the results of the analyses should settle prior debates on nemertean phylogeny. The study highlights the importance, feasibility, and completeness of Illumina-based phylogenomic data matrices.
Atopy and Risk of Brain Tumors: A Meta-analysis
Authors: E. Linos, T. Raine, A. Alonso, D. Michaud
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

BackgroundGlioma is a rapidly progressive disease, and little is known about its etiology. Atopic diseases are on the rise in western populations, with increasing interest on their long-term health consequences. An inverse association between atopy and the risk of glioma has been observed. We carried out a meta-analysis of studies examining the association between atopic disease and risk of glioma and meningioma.
Congress and Science: A Querulous Spirit Emerges
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Congress and Science: A Querulous Spirit EmergesBaseless paranoia has so often infested the scientific community's assessment of how it stands with the U.S. Congress that one hesitates to report that Capitol Hill has lately been stirring with strange and hostile spirits concerning the national research enterprise. But such is the case, and though Congress remains overwhelmingly in favor of spending a lot of money on virtually all kinds of research, the new querulousness ought to be noted and countered before it spreads any further.Ample press attention has been given Senator Proxmire's cheap exploitation of social science research projects . . .
1142-179 Body fat distribution influences cardiac output in normotensive and hypertensive overweight individuals: The hyperGEN study
Authors: Giovanni de Simone, Richard B Devereux, Marcello Chinali, Vittorio Palmieri, Albert Oberman, Dalane W Kitzman, Paul N Hopkins, D.C Rao, Donna K Arnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)