tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spinal Cord Stimulation Improves Ventricular Function and Reduces Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Canine Postinfarction Heart Failure Model
Authors: John C. Lopshire, Xiaohong Zhou, Cristian Dusa, Takeshi Ueyama, Joshua Rosenberger, Nicole Courtney, Michael Ujhelyi, Thomas Mullen, Mithilesh Das, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) reduces the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in experimental models. This study investigated the effects of long-term SCS on ventricular function in a postinfarction canine heart failure model. Methods and Results— In stage 1, dogs underwent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation and embolization of the left anterior descending artery followed by right ventricular pacing (240 ppm) for 3 weeks to produce heart failure. In stage 2, 28 surviving animals were assigned to the SCS (delivered at the T4/T5 spinal region for 2 hours 3 times a day), medicine (MED; carvedilol therapy at 12.5 mg PO BID), or control (CTRL; no therapy) group for the initial phase 1 study. In a subsequent phase 2 study, 32 stage 1 survivors were equally randomized to the SCS, MEDS (carvedilol plus ramipril 2.5 mg PO QD), SCS plus MEDS (concurrent therapy), or CTRL group. Animals were monitored for 5 weeks (phase 1) or 10 weeks (phase 2). In stage 3, all phase 1 animals underwent circumflex artery balloon occlusion for 1 hour. In the SCS group, left ventricular ejection fraction was 65±5% at baseline, 17±3% at the end of stage 1, and 47±7% at the end of stage 2. In the MED group, left ventricular ejection fraction was 61±4% at baseline, 18±3% at the end of stage 1, and 34±4% at the end of stage 2. In the CTRL group, left ventricular ejection fraction was 64±5% at baseline, 19±5% at the end of stage 1, and 28±3% at the end of stage 2. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved in the SCS compared with the MED and CTRL groups ( P &lt;0.001 for both). The mean number of spontaneous nonsustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias during stage 2 and the occurrence of ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias during stage 3 also were significantly decreased in the SCS (27±17 and 27%, respectively; P &lt;0.03) and MED (58±42 and 33%; P &lt;0.05) versus CTRL (88±52 and 76%) group. After 10 weeks in the phase 2 studies, the greatest recovery in ejection fraction was noted in the SCS (52±5%) and SCS+MEDS (46±4%) groups compared with the MEDS (38±2%) and CTRL (31±4%) groups. Conclusion— SCS significantly improved cardiac contractile function and decreased ventricular arrhythmias in canine heart failure.
Local authorities must have suicide prevention plans, says parliamentary report
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government should require the public health teams of local authorities to develop and implement strategies to prevent suicide, a parliamentary report has recommended.

Currently local authorities are under no obligation to take action on suicide. More than a quarter (27%) of local authorities in England do not have a specific suicide prevention strategy, found an investigation by the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Suicide and Self-Harm Prevention. Meanwhile the suicide rate in England is rising as a result of the economic downturn, the group said.

The group’s report, launched at parliament on 29 January, recommends that local authorities should be required by the government to develop a suicide prevention plan, led by the director of public health or a senior member of the public health team.1 The …
New Instrument.A RECTAL VALVE CLIP WITH APPLICATOR.
Authors: WELLS TEACHNOR
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Since the operation of valvotomy has been established as a means of relief from obstinate constipation or obstipation, the tendency has been to simplify the armamentarium and the operative procedure. I have devised an instrument in the form of a clip, which painlessly divides the muscular fibers contained in the rectal valve in from three to five days without fear of hemorrhage or peritonitis. Figure 1 represents the applicator with clip in its grasp, opened, ready for application to the hypertrophied valve. The clips are made in three sizes, short, medium and long. Each consists of two fenestrated elliptical jaws controlled by a set-screw (Fig. 2). The apposing surfaces have a slightly elevated serration in their center running from the base of one side around the tip to the opposite side. This represents the cutting surface. On the outer side of the serration is a narrow, smooth surface that makes
Deglutition and its disorders. Anatomy, physiology, clinical diagnosis, and management
Authors: J A WILSON
Journal: Gut (1998)

Deglutition and its disorders. Anatomy, physiology, clinical diagnosis, and management. Edited by Perlman AL, Schulze-Delrieu KS. (Pp 522; illustrated; £49.95.) Singular Publishing Group, 1997. ISBN 9781565 936218.

The act of swallowing has been described as the most complex reflex which can be reproduced by the stimulation of a peripheral nerve. Such complexity is also encountered in the aetiology, pathogenesis, investigation, and management of deglutition disorders. The senior editor of this comprehensive multi author review, Adrienne Perlman, is a speech and language therapist, now based in Champaign, Illinois, with an outstanding personal record of innovative research in the field of swallowing. Her contributors include most of the principal prominent names in North American dysphagia research, whether internists, neurologists, radiologists or, of course, speech and language therapists. …
Definitions of Chronic Health Conditions in Childhood
Authors: Jose M. Valderas, Barbara Starfield, Chris Salisbury
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Child with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Robert L. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Diabetes in children is often inadequately treated. Children with diabetes invariably need insulin. Reactions to an excess of insulin must be avoided to prevent irreparable damage to the central nervous system. It is dangerously easy to treat a diabetic child in a way that will satisfy the child and its parents, but that does not always suffice to conserve the child's health and permit normal growth and development. Present knowledge makes it not only possible but practical to maintain a high degree of control in children living in well-adjusted homes. Until more knowledge concerning the pathologic physiology of the disease is available, good control offers the best means of delaying or averting degenerative changes. Management outlined includes treatment for acidosis and coma.
Commons committee criticises Guy's fiasco
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The redevelopment of Guy's Hospital, which was allowed to “spiral out of control for nine years before any sense of realism was applied,” has been severely criticised by the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee.

The final phase of the redevelopment, which in 1986 was estimated to cost £35m ($56m), ended up costing £150m. …
ENDURING IMMUNITY FOLLOWING VACCINATION OF MICE WITH FORMALIN-INACTIVATED VIRUS OF RUSSIAN SPRING-SUMMER (FAR EASTERN, TICK-BORNE) ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: J. Casals, Peter K. Olitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

A single course of two intraperitoneal injections of formalin-inactivated virus of Russian spring-summer encephalitis induced in albino mice a solidly immune state which endured almost throughout life. Active virus is therefore not essential for the production of a high degree of lasting immunity. The immune response to vaccination consists of resistance to peripherally introduced active virus and development of circulating antibody. A correlation has been found to exist throughout the long period of the immune state between the titer of neutralizing antibody, as determined by the intraperitoneal method described, and the degree of immunity to peripherally introduced active virus. Thus laboratory tests for the immunizing power of a vaccine suggest themselves, to be carried out by an estimation in vaccinated mice of (a) immunity to peripherally inoculated active virus, and (b) serum virus-neutralizing antibody determined by the intraperitoneal method. The rôles as indicators of immunity in vaccinated mice of complement-fixing antibody in the serum, of the intracerebral challenge dose of virus, and of the intracerebral method for testing neutralizing antibody are discussed. Finally, if the immune response of man to vaccination with formalin-inactivated virus of Russian spring-summer encephalitis follows the pattern of the response of mice as here described, and if the correlation of neutralizing antibody with immunity to peripherally introduced virus applies to man as to mice, then possibly the degree of immunity in human beings following vaccination can be appraised by a peripheral test for neutralizing antibody in the serum.
Private Guns, Public Health: A Commonsense Plan for Ending America's Epidemic of Gun Violence
Authors: R. Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Managing Health Promotion: Developing Healthy Organizations and Communities
Authors: J. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ina Simnett Wiley, £14.99, pp 229 ISBN 0 471 95814 X

Reviewing health in the Mersey region in 1984, I described health promotion as “any combination of health education and political, economic and organisational activity designed to improve or protect health through its effect on the human environment and on behaviour.” At the time this definition attracted quite widespread support and of course since then we have had the rapid adoption of at least a ritual obeisance to the notion that health promotion is “a good thing.”

Health education departments have renamed themselves health promotion departments and those working in …
Kind Hearts and Coronaries
Authors: Samuel Vee
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Coronary atherosclerosis is viewed by many as a<i>gain-gotten ill</i>. The disease appears to favor those who register substantial gains both in corporate earnings and in corporeal weight. The rich and the fat tend to be ready victims of coronary heart disease. Having confirmed this view by their now careful observations, our cardiologists aided by psychiatrists are now exploring character traits as possible factors in this class-specific predilection. Preliminary reports on the role played by the opposite personal qualities of gentle kindness as opposed to mean aggressiveness are already at hand.<sup>1</sup>The prospective study comprised 400 wealthy individuals whose incomes exceeded $50,000 per annum. Physicians were excluded for obvious reasons of observer bias and also because no physician admitted more than a $10,000 annual income. This sample of corpulent rich patients was divided into two equal groups, the offensive opulent (OO) and the amiable affluent (AA).
A look at Swedish medicine and neurology.
Authors: B. Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Any consideration of Swedish education must take account of the geographical and social setting as well as the historical back- ground.Sweden is almost one and a half times as large as Great Britain, but the population is only 7.5 million.About two million live in the major cities of Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmo.More than half of the country is forest.Social services have been developed extensively in the past 20 years and taxation is heavy.The standard of living is high and the health service and medical research are high priorities in the national budget.Sweden has not engaged in war for 150 years but still maintains a large defence force and compulsory military service.The universities are owned.bythe State.
Low Molecular Weight Proteinuria
Authors: C L Hall, J Hardwicke
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1979)

Low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria is defined in this article as the excretion in the urine of proteins of a size smaller than albumin [MW 69,000 ; molecular radius (MR) 37.A]. The LMW proteins may enter the urine either from the plasma by filtration through the normal glomerular basement membrane (GBM) or by secretion or loss from the nephron. However, most of the proteins secreted by the nephron that have been identified to date are of high molecular weight (HMW) e.g. Tamm Horsfall protein, secretory IgA. At present, therefore, the LMW proteins found in the urine seem to originate by the filtration of LMW plasma proteins at the glomerulus. The LMW proteins present normally include enzymes (lyso­ zyme, amylase), polypeptide hormones (insulin and growth hormone), polyclonal immunoglobulin fragments, fibrin-fibrinogen degradation prod­ ucts, and LMW proteins of unknown function «(12 and f32 microglobulin, post-y proteins). In some disease states LMW proteins not normally present in the plasma (myoglobin, hemoglobin, monoclonal immunoglobulin frag­ ments) may appear and may enter the urine, and thus provide us with valuable diagnostic markers.
Thyroxine uptake by perfused rat liver. No evidence for facilitation by five different thyroxine-binding proteins.
Authors: C M Mendel, R A Weisiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Rates of hepatic uptake of thyroxine (T4) from dilute solutions of five different plasma T4-binding proteins were measured in the isolated perfused rat liver using an indicator dilution method. For each protein, this rate was compared with the rate of spontaneous dissociation of the T4-protein complex measured in vitro. Proteins studied were human T4-binding globulin (TBG), human T4-binding prealbumin (TBPA), human albumin, rat TBPA, and human albumin isolated from subjects with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. For each of the five protein-hormone complexes studied, the rate of hepatic uptake of T4 (measured under conditions expected to result in dissociation-limited uptake) closely approximated the rate of spontaneous dissociation of the protein-hormone complex within the hepatic sinusoids. These findings indicate an absence of special cellular mechanisms that facilitate the hepatic uptake of T4 from its plasma binding proteins, and support the view that uptake occurs from the free T4 pool after spontaneous dissociation of T4 from its binding proteins.
Is Competition Bad?
Authors: Donald W. Light
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Thoughtful observers worry these days that the competitive model commercial interests are introducing into medical care will compromise the quality of care that has been upheld by the medical profession during this century.1 , 2 Yet the relations between quality and the underlying paradigms of competition and profession have not been carefully examined.The fundamental nature of a profession is indicated by the original meaning of the word: a vow — solemn, altruistic, and honorable — made upon entering a religious order.3 It took 300 years for this 13th-century meaning to broaden to include a vocation of professed knowledge, as in Bacon's . . .
ANTABUSE®.-ALCOHOL REACTION FOLLOWING USE OF AFTER-SHAVE LOTION
Authors: Frank Mercurio
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  In October, 1951, tetraethylthiuramdisulfide (antabuse®) was approved for sale on physicians' prescription as a useful adjunct in the treatment of alcoholism. Prior to this time, controlled investigations of the drug were made in the United States and Canada in selected clinics and institutions. Since it is anticipated that the drug will be widely used, the following experiences are reported as indicative of some of the cautions that must be exercised in treating patients with this drug.  Two hospitalized patients were started simultaneously on tetraethylthiuramdisulfide therapy after the usual precautions concerning evaluation of cardiac and liver function. The dosage given was 0.5 gm. daily for two weeks. At the end of this period the patients were given 15 cc. of 100-proof whiskey by mouth, which was swallowed rapidly. Fifteen minutes later, patients were permitted to sip another 15 cc. of 100-proof whiskey. In each case, with the second
Methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs and DDE in human tissues.
Authors: C Weistrand, K Norén
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Methylsulfonyl metabolites of chlorinated biphenyls (MeSO2-CBs) and p,p'-DDE (MeSO2-DDEs) were determined in human adipose and liver tissues obtained at autopsy of seven Swedish individuals 47-80 years of age. Twenty MeSO2-CBs and two MeSO2-DDEs were found in the analyzed samples. In adipose tissue, most of the 4-MeSO2-CBs were found at higher concentrations than the corresponding 3-MeSO2-CBs and, in all samples of adipose tissue, 4-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5-pentaCB (4-87) and 4-MeSO2-2,2',3,4',5',6-hexaCB (4-149) occurred at higher concentrations than other MeSO2-CBs. In the liver, 3-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5,6-hexaCB (3-132) was by far the most abundant MeSO2-CB, contributing to 61-82% of the sum of MeSO2-CBs. In this tissue, most of the other 3-MeSO2-CBs were also found at higher concentrations than the corresponding 4-MeSO2-CBs. The ratios of the sum of MeSO2-CBs to the sum of determined chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) were 1/250 and 1/28 in adipose tissue and the liver, respectively, calculated from the median values. The concentration of 2-MeSO2-DDE was lower than that of 3-MeSO2-DDE in both adipose tissue and liver, except in the liver from one of the individuals. The concentration ratios of 2-MeSO2-DDE to 3-MeSO2-DDE were about 10 times higher in liver than in adipose tissue. The ratios of the sum of MeSO2-DDEs to p,p'-DDE were 1/455 and 1/61 in adipose tissue and liver, respectively, calculated from the median values. MeSO2-CBs and MeSO2-DDEs were also determined in lung tissue from one of the individuals. In this sample, the profiles of MeSO2-CBs and MeSO2-DDEs were similar to the profiles of these compounds in adipose tissue.
Systemic perturbation of cytokine and chemokine networks in Erdheim-Chester disease: a single-center series of 37 patients
Authors: Laurent Arnaud, Guy Gorochov, Frédéric Charlotte, Virginie Lvovschi, Christophe Parizot, Martin Larsen, Pascale Ghillani-Dalbin, Baptiste Hervier, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Claire Deback, Lucile Musset, Zahir Amoura, Julien Haroche
Journal: Blood (2011)
Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chuanfang Lee, Yan Gong, Jesper Brok, Elizabeth H Boxall, Christian Gluud
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effects of hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases and hand searches. <b>Review methods</b> Randomised clinical trials were assessed for methodological quality. Meta-analysis was undertaken on three outcomes: the relative risks of hepatitis B occurrence, antibody levels to hepatitis B surface antigen, and adverse events. <b>Results</b> 29 randomised clinical trials were identified, five of which were considered high quality. Only three trials reported inclusion of mothers negative for hepatitis B e antigen. Compared with placebo or no intervention, vaccination reduced the occurrence of hepatitis B (relative risk 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.40; four trials). No significant difference in hepatitis B occurrence was found between recombinant vaccine and plasma derived vaccine (1.00, 0.71 to 1.42; four trials) and between high dose versus low dose vaccine (plasma derived vaccine 0.97, 0.55 to 1.68, three trials; recombinant vaccine 0.78, 0.31 to 1.94, one trial). Compared with placebo or no intervention, hepatitis B immunoglobulin or the combination of plasma derived vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin reduced hepatitis B occurrence (immunoglobulin 0.50, 0.41 to 0.60, one trial; vaccine and immunoglobulin 0.08, 0.03 to 0.17, three trials). Compared with vaccine alone, vaccine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin reduced hepatitis B occurrence (0.54, 0.41 to 0.73; 10 trials). Hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin seem safe, but few trials reported adverse events. <b>Conclusion</b> Hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and vaccine plus immunoglobulin prevent hepatitis B occurrence in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen.
Development and Application of a Real-Time On-Line Blinded Independent Central Review of Interim Pet Scans to Determine Treatment Allocation in Lymphoma Trials
Authors: Michel Meignan, Emmanuel Itti, Stéphane Bardet, Jean Lumbroso, Véronique Edeline, Pierre Olivier, Thierry Vander Borght, Oumedaly Reman, Gilles Karcher, Olivier Mundler, Nicolas Mounier, Romain Ricci, Massimo Federico, John Raemaekers, Marc André
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)