tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel Role of Extracellular Nucleotides in Valve Calcification
Authors: Lana Osman, Adrian H. Chester, Mohamed Amrani, Magdi H. Yacoub FRS, Ryszard T. Smolenski MD
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Calcific aortic valve disease is a common condition and is associated with inflammatory changes and expression of osteoblast-like cell phenotypes, but the cellular mechanisms are unclear. Recent studies identified extracellular ATP and P2Y receptor cascade as important regulators of bone remodeling, whereas its breakdown product, adenosine, is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesize that extracellular ATP and adenosine have important roles in regulating osteoblast differentiation in human valve interstitial cells, and that this can be a potential target for therapy. Method and Results— Primary cultures of human valve interstitial cells (ICs) treated for 21 days with osteogenic media, ATP, and ATP-γ-S (a stable agonist of the P2Y receptor) revealed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (an osteoblast marker) activity and expression as measured using spectrophotometric assay and immunocytochemistry staining. Valve ICs treated with adenosine alone did not cause an increase in ALP activity; however, adenosine treatment decreased the ALP activity and expression induced by osteogenic media after 21 days of incubation. In addition, atorvastatin inhibited the activity of ALP induced by ATP in human valve ICs, and enzyme studies revealed that atorvastatin upregulated the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine in human valve ICs after 24-hour treatment. Conclusion— These findings identify a novel role for extracellular nucleotides in inducing osteoblast differentiation in human valve ICs in vitro and provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing the disease progression.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS A STRONG AND INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF POOR OUTCOME AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: FINDINGS FROM THE BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF MICHIGAN CARDIOVASCULAR CONSORTIUM
Authors: Nadia Sutton, Milan Seth, Cyril Ruwende, Hitinder Gurm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Correction: The Deteriorating Administrative Efficiency of the U.S. Health Care System
Authors: Steffie Woolhandler, David U. Himmelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: We wish to inform you of an error in our paper “the Deteriorating Administrative Efficiency of the U.S. Health Care System” (May 2, 1991, issue).1 The error was brought to our attention by Mr. Gilles Fortin of the Health Information Division of Health and Welfare Canada in a letter dated May 30, 1994. Mr. Fortin and his former supervisor (Mr. L.W. Rehmer, director of the Health Information Division) supplied us with data on hospital administrative costs in Canada that we cited in our paper. In preparing an updated report on trends in these costs, Mr. Fortin discovered . . .
Frequency of the 677 C→T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene among Kuwaiti sickle cell disease patients
Authors: A.D. Adekile, F. Kutlar, M.Z. Haider, A. Kutlar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is relatively mild among Kuwaiti Arabs. However, an atypical subset of patients exists with frequent, severe vaso-occlusive crisis and osteonecrosis. The thermolabile variant of MTHFR, resulting from a C-->T mutation at nucleotide 677, has been shown to be associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, which is an important risk factor for premature vascular disease. We have screened an unselected group of 41 Kuwaiti SCD patients (33 SS and 8 Sbeta(0)-thal) attending the Hematology Clinic of Kuwait University Teaching Hospital for the MTHFR mutation, using a PCR-RFLP method. The patients were aged 2-41 years (mean of 12.8 +/- 8.6). One (2.4%) individual was homozygous for the mutation while 15 (36.6%) were heterozygous, giving an allele frequency of 20.7%. Twenty-one patients (14 SS and 7 Sbeta(0)-thal) were screened for osteonecrosis using MRI of the hip (spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images). Seven (33.3%) had varying degrees of osteonecrosis, among whom the frequency of the 677 C-->T allele was 21.4%. The frequency was identical among those without osteonecrosis. Although the allele frequency is higher among our patients compared to American SS patients, our results do not suggest an association with osteonecrosis.
Renal Gallium Accumulation in the Absence of Renal Pathology in Patients with Severe Hepatocellular Disease
Authors: NAOMI ALAZRAKI, BARBARA STERKEL, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Visualization of Ga-67 citrate in the kidneys at 48 hours and 72 hours post injection is usually interpreted as evidence of renal pathology. In reviewing approximately 200 consecutive patients referred for gallium scans, 40 patients who also underwent liver/spleen Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) studies within one month of the gallium study were identified. Fourteen of these patients showed advanced hepatocellular dysfunction on the Tc-99m SC liver/spleen images. Of these 14 patients, nine had persistent renal accumulation of gallium at 48 or 72 hours. Five of these nine patients had no evidence of primary renal disease by clinical or postmortem examination and subsequent clinical information indicated that two additional patients probably had no significant renal pathology. Therefore, bilateral symmetrically increased renal uptake of gallium in patients with advanced hepatocellular disease should not necessarily be interpreted as evidence of renal pathology.
Antidepressant Medication Use, Weight Gain, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mika Kivimäki, Mark Hamer, G. David Batty, John R. Geddes, Adam G. Tabak, Jaana Pentti, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To examine antidepressant medication use as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and weight gain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A series of nested studies within a prospective cohort of 151,347 working-aged men and women including 9,197 participants with continuing antidepressant medication, 224 with severe depression, and 851 with incident type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, as indicated by national health and prescription registers (the Public Sector study, Finland 1995–2005). RESULTS In the first analysis, the case subjects were individuals with incident type 2 diabetes compared with matched diabetes-free control subjects. Antidepressant use of ≥200 defined daily doses was associated with a doubling of diabetes risk in both participants with no indication of severe depression (odds ratio 1.93 [95% CI 1.48–2.51]) and participants with severe depression (2.65 [1.31–5.39]). In further analyses, the exposed group was antidepressant users and the reference group was nonusers matched for depression-related characteristics. The 5-year absolute risk of diabetes was 1.1% for nonusers, 1.7% for individuals treated with 200–399 defined daily doses a year, and 2.3% for those with ≥400 defined daily doses (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001). An average self-reported weight gain, based on repeated surveys, was 1.4 kg (2.5%) among nonusers and 2.5 kg (4.3%) among users of ≥200 defined daily doses (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001). Separate analyses for tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors replicated these findings. CONCLUSIONS In these data, continuing use of antidepressant medication was associated with an increased relative risk of type 2 diabetes, although the elevation in absolute risk was modest.
Arsenic Poisoning Prevention
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reciprocal coupling of coagulation and innate immunity via neutrophil serine proteases
Authors: Steffen Massberg, Lenka Grahl, Marie-Luise von Bruehl, Davit Manukyan, Susanne Pfeiler, Christian Goosmann, Volker Brinkmann, Michael Lorenz, Kiril Bidzhekov, Avinash B Khandagale, Ildiko Konrad, Elisabeth Kennerknecht, Katja Reges, Stefan Holdenrieder, Siegmund Braun, Christoph Reinhardt, Michael Spannagl, Klaus T Preissner, Bernd Engelmann
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Effect of intravenous disopyramide on premature beats.
Authors: T E Jones, R E Nagle
Journal: BMJ (1977)

diazepoxide is also reported to have caused non-urticarial reactions.8In most cases the abnormalities resolved after the offending agent was discontinued.However, rechallenge in some instances with the aetiological agent at a later date was rapidly followed by reappearance of the allergic reactions noted earlier.This brief review clearly establishes the fact that, although hypersensitivity reactions to diazepam and other benzodiazepines are rare, they are far from being undocumented.
Dialysis vs Transplant-Reply
Authors: John P. Kemph
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Howard et al present valuable information in their rebuttal to my brief discussion of dialysis vs transplant as modes of treatment of endstage renal disease. They state several physiological disadvantages of dialysis but merely mention in passing that transplant patients trade restored "normal renal function" for "some degree of Cushing's syndrome." To some persons the change in body contour and facies is not acceptable. Frequently this fact as well as the expected physiologically traumatic and psychologically frightening episodes of rejection are often not dwelt on sufficiently by transplant teams for the patient to clearly understand the prolonged, eventually downhill course of treatment on which he is embarking. Most transplant patients carry false hopes with them largely out of their own need but partially because transplant teams do not persist with accurate, realistic descriptions of the course of the transplant when the patient does not wish to hear this.
Electrophysiological Mechanisms in Successful Radiofrequency Catheter Modification of Atrioventricular Junction for Patients With Medically Refractory Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shih-Ann Chen, Shih-Huang Lee, Chern-En Chiang, Chin-Tai Tai, Tsu-Juey Wu, Chen-Chuan Cheng, Zu-Chi Wen, Chuen-Wang Chiou, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Mechanisms and changes of electrophysiological (EP) characteristics in successful radiofrequency (RF) modification of right midseptal and posteroseptal areas for controlling rapid ventricular response to atrial fibrillation (Af) are not clear. Methods and Results We studied 50 patients with medically refractory paroxysmal Af. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients without dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology with modification sites located in the mid/posteroseptal area. Of the 40 patients, 36 had successful modification (follow-up of 14±8 months), and 3 had AV block. Late follow-up electrophysiological study (98±10 days) showed pattern 1 (67%) with prolongation of AV node effective refractory period (ERP, ≥40 milliseconds) and Wenckebach block cycle length (WBCL, ≥40 milliseconds); pattern 2 (22%) with prolongation of AH interval (≥20 milliseconds), ERP, and WBCL; and pattern 3 (11%) without any change in AV node conduction parameter. Change in ventricular rate negatively correlated with change of WBCL in patterns 1 ( r =−.691, P =.019) and 2 ( r =−.90, P =.01). Group 2 consisted of 10 patients with dual AV node pathway; elimination of slow pathway property was performed. Late follow-up electrophysiological study (92±7 days) showed that change in ventricular rate negatively correlated with change in AV node ERP ( r =−.926, P =.0001) and WBCL ( r =−.969, P =.0001). Four patients without significant modification effect had success after RF energy was delivered to higher levels (follow-up, 15±7 months). Conclusions RF modification of right mid/posteroseptal area is feasible in 92% of patients with paroxysmal Af. Mechanisms of successful modification might be elimination of posterior input and/or partial injury of the compact node. Furthermore, simple elimination of slow pathway might be inadequate for control of ventricular rate in patients with little difference in conduction properties between fast and slow pathways.
Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2013
Authors: Carol DeSantis, Deepa Naishadham, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

Abstract In this article, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for African Americans and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and screening prevalence based upon incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. It is estimated that 176,620 new cases of cancer and 64,880 deaths will occur among African Americans in 2013. From 2000 to 2009, the overall cancer death rate among males declined faster among African Americans than whites (2.4% vs 1.7% per year), but among females, the rate of decline was similar (1.5% vs 1.4% per year, respectively). The decrease in cancer death rates among African American males was the largest of any racial or ethnic group. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since 1990 in men and 1991 in women translates to the avoidance of nearly 200,000 deaths from cancer among African Americans. Five‐year relative survival is lower for African Americans than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Overall, progress in reducing cancer death rates has been made, although more can and should be done to accelerate this progress through ensuring equitable access to cancer prevention, early detection, and state‐of‐the‐art treatments. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Interleukin-17 expression in neutrophils and Th17 cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma associated with neutrophilic infiltrate of the skin
Authors: L. Fontao, N.C. Brembilla, I. Masouyé, G. Kaya, C. Prins, N. Dupin, J.-H. Saurat, C. Chizzolini, V. Piguet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)
Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Age-Related Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Rodrigo P. Almeida, Stephanie A. Schultz, Benjamin P. Austin, Elizabeth A. Boots, N. Maritza Dowling, Carey E. Gleason, Barbara B. Bendlin, Mark A. Sager, Bruce P. Hermann, Henrik Zetterberg, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Sterling C. Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Ozioma C. Okonkwo
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Although advancing age is the strongest risk factor for the development of symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD), recent studies have shown that there are individual differences in susceptibility to age-related alterations in the biomarkers of AD pathophysiology.
OCT–Verified Neoatherosclerosis in BMS Restenosis at 10 Years
Authors: Soo-Jin Kang, Hae-Geun Song, Jung-Min Ahn, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
The Changing Face of Twentieth-Century American Cardiology
Authors: JOEL D. HOWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The meaning of American cardiology has been transformed over the past century. During that time, cardiology has been defined by several organizations: by the American Board of Internal Medicine through subspecialty certifications; by the two major American cardiology societies, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology; and by the four major cardiology journals. These organizations have sometimes cooperated, sometimes competed. Cardiology has also had to negotiate relationships with several external interest groups, including pediatrics, surgery, hospitals, and internal medicine. Throughout the 20th century, the word cardiology has had no meaning save its definition within a larger web of organizations, relationships, and ideas. That meaning, like the meaning of all specialties and subspecialties, is historically mediated and constantly changing.
Screening for Cervical Cancer
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Indirect evidence indicates that cervical cancer screening should reduce the incidence and mortality of invasive cervical cancer by about 90%. In the absence of screening, a 20-year-old average-risk woman has about a 250 in 10 000 chance of developing invasive cervical cancer during the rest of her life, and about a 118 in 10 000 chance of dying from it. Screening at least every 3 years from 20 to 75 years of age will decrease these probabilities by about 215 in 10 000 and 107 in 10 000, respectively, and will increase a 20-year-old woman's life expectancy by about 96 days. The particular age at which screening is begun (for example, 17 or 20 years), the requirement of several initial annual examinations before reducing the frequency, and screening every 1 or 2 years compared with every 3 years improves the effectiveness by less than 5%. Screening is recommended at least every 3 years from about age 20 to about age 65 years.
Campaign is launched to protect health facilities from disasters
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Hundreds of hospitals and other health facilities are destroyed or damaged every year by natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods. Consequently, millions of people are left without emergency care during and after disasters when such facilities are unable to function.

A two year global campaign to make hospitals and clinics safe from disasters was launched at this week’s world economic forum in Davos, Switzerland, by the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the World Health Organization, with support from the World Bank.

The secretariat warns, “Damage to primary healthcare centres during disasters can deal serious blows to public …
Cardiovascular Effects of Implanted Acrylic Bone Cement
Authors: H. Phillips, P. V. Cole, A. W. F. Lettin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A pilot study has shown that there is usually but not invariably a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure within 90 seconds of implanting acrylic cement into the femoral shaft during hip arthroplasty. There is usually no change in arterial blood pressure on implanting acrylic cement into the acetabulum. The observed hypotension may be due to absorption of monomer or additives into the circulation, but the role of other factors needs investigation.
Characterization and evaluation of a modified PVPA barrier in comparison to Caco-2 cell monolayers for combined dissolution and permeation testing
Authors: Sandra P. Gantzsch, Birthe Kann, Monika Ofer-Glaessgen, Petra Loos, Harald Berchtold, Stefan Balbach, Thomas Eichinger, Claus-Michael Lehr, Ulrich F. Schaefer, Maike Windbergs
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Galactorrhea: A Study of 235 Cases, Including 48 with Pituitary Tumors
Authors: David L. Kleinberg, Gordon L. Noel, Andrew G. Frantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

An analysis of 235 patients with galactorrhea (5.5 per cent males) showed that 20 per cent of all patients, and 34 per cent of women with associated amenorrhea, had radiologically evident pituitary tumors; these patients had the highest serum prolactin concentrations. The largest single group (32 per cent) consisted of women with idiopathic galactorrhea without amenorrhea; prolactin was normal in 86 per cent of these cases. Five patients had the empty-sella syndrome. Prolactin response was tested in selected patients by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, chlorpromazine, L-dopa, 24-hour sampling and other means. Tests with thyrotropin-releasing hormone were most useful in identifying patients with pituitary tumors. Surgery and radiotherapy lowered prolactin to a similar degree in patients with tumor, but galactorrhea and amenorrhea often persisted after treatment. The ergot derivatives, bromergocryptine and lergotrile mesylate, lowered prolactin in all 18 patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or pituitary tumor, stopped galactorrhea in over 50 per cent, restored menses in over 70 per cent, and allowed pregnancy in three. (N Engl J Med 296:589–600, 1977)
Study finds outcomes from spinal surgery are no worse when trainee doctors start work
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Rates of major adverse outcomes are no higher in patients having spinal surgery during July, when new trainee doctors start working in US teaching hospitals, says a US study,1 which the authors say debunks the myth that this is the worst time to be a patient.

Researchers analysed data for nearly one million patients having spinal surgery (such as discectomy or laminectomy) between 2001 and …
Spring Brings Tick Threat to Peace Enforcers
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AS THE HALFWAY point approaches in the year-long North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peace-enforcement effort in Bosnia-Herzegovina, military physicians are putting more emphasis than ever on keeping US troops healthy. US Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps personnel in the former Yugoslavia are carrying laminated plastic cards reminding them of the diseases that can be transmitted via various vectors there, particularly ticks (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:337-340 and p 1470 in this issue). With the arrival of warmer weather, ticks are expected to be a problem until as late as November. <h3>Early Winter Withdrawal</h3> Although there is talk of a few troops staying longer, November and early December are when US forces are supposed to withdraw (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275: 24). President Clinton made a public pledge to extract US troops within a year of the December 20,1995, date when NATO assumed peace-enforcement duties from the United Nations, meaning that pull-out planning could begin
We never talk any more
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Our local theatre, the West Yorkshire Playhouse, is adjacent to one of the national offices of the Department of Health (DH). My only appearance onstage at the Playhouse, so far, has been to give a lunchtime talk to DH staff. One of them had organised a series of lectures in which consultants explained what our jobs involve.

It went reasonably well, as I recall, but it’s hard to remember. It was a long time ago. In the 1990s …
NEW DEPARTURES IN THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: JOHN H. HOLLISTER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The trend of medical thought in any given age and the theories then accepted are best discerned by a study of its therapeutics. Whether the doctrines of Solidism, Fluidism or Vitalism for the time prevailed, we discover the fact not so much by the nomenclatures which men gave to diseases, as by the impress which was left upon therapeutic teachings. And it will not be difficult to determine what are the theories now entertained,