tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improvement initiative rolled out for acute trusts in England
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A scheme to improve performance and efficiency in acute care trusts will begin rolling out across England this month, after having been piloted at four sites since January.

Twenty one more trusts will join the scheme, followed by 15 to 20 about every three months over the next two to three years.

The Improvement Partnership for Hospitals initiative has been devised by the NHS Modernisation Agency, for trusts with ratings of one to three stars. There is a separate programme for zero rated trusts.

The four pilot trusts were at Ealing Hospital, East Sussex Hospitals, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's Hospital, and Nottingham City …
On the Therapeutic Use of Iodoform
Authors: B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1878)

CASE XXXIII.-Right ovary; antiseptic method; two ligatures soaked in carbolised oil.Much trouble with bowels commencing before they had acted, afterwards threatening complete obstruction; gradually passed off; and patient went out on twenty-fourth day.CASE XXXIV (D).-Left ovary; antiseptic method; two strong silk ligatures soaked in watery solution of carbolic acid (i in 20); three fine ones in carbolised oil.No after-trouble.Went home on nineteenth day.CASE xxxv.-Rightovary; antiseptic method; two strong silk liga- tures soaked in watery solution of carbolic acid (I in 20); partial flap operation mentioned above.No after-trouble.Bowels open on eighth day.Patient up on couch on eleventh day.CASE XXXVI.-Rightovary; antiseptic method; five medium silk ligatures soaked in watery solution of carbolic acid; partial flap opera- tion.No after-trouble.Went out well on seventeenth day.
Coronary reactive hyperaemia after brief occlusion and after deoxygenated perfusion
Authors: K. O KELLEY, K L. GOULD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Coronary reactive hyperaemia after brief occlusion and after deoxygenated perfusion Get access KATHARINE O KELLEY, KATHARINE O KELLEY * From the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Texas * Research Scientist, Division of Cardiology. University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Houston. Texas. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K LANCE GOULD K LANCE GOULD From the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 1981, Pages 615–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.11.615 Published: 01 November 1981
Hemostatic Effectiveness of Infiltration With Felypressin Prior to Skin Incisions
Authors: Otto B. Munchow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Felypressin (PLV-2), a synthetic derivative of vasopressin, a potent vasoconstrictor which has little or no effect on cardiac rhythm when given in the presence of anesthetic agents such as cyclopropane or halothane. In 25 patients undergoing craniotomy procedures under general anesthesia, the scalp was infiltrated along the projected line of incision, with a solution of either felypressin (5 international units/10 ml), epinephrine (1:100,000 solution), or physiological saline. The blood loss was determined gravimetrically and expressed in gm/cm of incision. The study was carried out in a double blind manner, with coded ampuls in a random sequence of drugs. Felypressin and epinephrine were equally effective in reducing the blood loss to approximately one third of the amount lost with saline. The difference from saline was statistically significant for both epinephrine and felypressin.
SPECT and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Breast Cancer with a Neuropilin-1-Targeting Peptide
Authors: Guo-Kai Feng, Rong-Bin Liu, Meng-Qing Zhang, Xiao-Xuan Ye, Qian Zhong, Yun-Fei Xia, Man-Zhi Li, Jun Wang, Er-Wei Song, Xing Zhang, Zhao-Zhong Wu, Mu-Sheng Zeng
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Unusual Presentation of a Large Infected Hemophiliac Pseudotumor in an Autologous lndium-111 WBC Scan
Authors: M J AUGER, M CRITCHLEY, B A McVERRY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A false-negative ln-111 WBC scan was obtained in a case of a large, infected hemophiliac pseudotumor. Following aspiration of the abscess, a positive scan was seen, demonstrating that ln-111 WBC imaging occasionally may be misleading as a diagnostic tool.
Plasma and Urinary Amino Acids During and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: ISMAIL DIMILILER, ROBERT G. TROUT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The amount of amino acids in the blood during cardiopulmonary bypass has been studied in two stages by thin-layer chromatography with modifications necessary for this study. In the first stage fresh heparinized blood was recirculated for four to five hours in a heart-lung machine containing a rotating disc oxygenator and nonocclusive roller pumps. This apparatus caused considerable hemolysis, and there was a definite increase in most of the amino acids. Histidine, proline, hydroxyproline, serine, alanine, threonine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and tryptophane showed a marked increase; arginine, lysine, valine, cystine, cysteine, and phenylalanine showed a moderate increase. Leucine, isoleucine, and methionine did not change. In the second part of the study, similar investigations were done on blood and urinary samples taken during open-heart operations on five cases. Eight to ten blood samples and a similar number of urinary samples were studied and evaluated repeatedly. The apparatus used, which contained a stationary screen oxygenator and occlusive roller pumps, caused minimal hemolysis. The amino acids increased similarly during open-heart surgery, and this increase continued until four hours postoperatively. During the actual bypass the renal excretion of amino acids slowed down considerably; however, on the evening of the operation there was an increase which continued for four to five days. The hyperamino-acidemia seemed to be related to plasma protein breakdown.
Nutrition and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Authors: Murray Raskind
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Dementia is the most common and disabling behavioral disorder of later life. Approximately 596 of those older than 65 years are seriously demented, with an additional 1096 suffering from mild degrees of dementia. It is an extremely costly syndrome in terms of the suffering of both patients and their families, as well as the massive public health resource allocation necessary to provide long-term care for the ever-increasing number of elderly demented persons who can no longer function at home. The essential feature of the dementia syndrome is the loss of cognitive function, particularly memory, secondary to an organic insult to brain structure and/or function. During the past decade, major advances have occurred in our understanding of dementia. The widespread belief that "senility" or nonspecific aging inevitably leads to dementia has yielded to the realization that specific disease entities, most notably Alzheimer's disease, underlie the dementia syndrome.<sup>1</sup>Research efforts in
GP who benefited from patient's will failed to disclose details when signing cremation form
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A GP who signed a patient's cremation documents without disclosing that he was a beneficiary in her will was last week suspended for 10 months by the UK General Medical Council.

Alan Howlett of the Fremington Medical Centre in Barnstaple, Devon, stated on form B of an Application for Cremation that he had no pecuniary interest in the death of his 91 year old patient, named only as Mrs A. In fact he already knew that she had bequeathed him a share of her estate.

He had become friendly with Mrs A when attending to her husband …
Pathogenesis of Congenital Rubella
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A quantitative study has been made of organ and cellular development in eight newborn and seven older infants with congenital rubella. The infants were subnormal in size at birth due to retarded intrauterine growth. A further retardation of growth was observed in the postnatal period. The basis of growth retardation in such infants is a subnormal number of cells in many body organs. The cause of the growth disturbance appears to be an activity of the proliferating virus which inhibits cell multiplication. Necrotic or inflammatory changes in the tissues are rare. The subnormal number of cells in many body organs provides a partial explanation for the long-term physical and mental retardation encountered in some persons who have had congenital rubella.
Low-dose midazolam sedation: An option for patients undergoing serial hepatic venous pressure measurements
Authors: Adam F. Steinlauf, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Maram F. Zakko, Kevin Dickey, Tarun Gupta, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is becoming increasingly used clinically. It is useful in the differential diagnosis of portal hypertension and provides a prognostic index in cirrhotic patients. Performance of serial measurements has been shown to be useful in guiding pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage. The technique is safe to perform; however, many patients are anxious and reluctant to undergo serial measurements. The effects of sedatives on portal pressure measurements have not yet been defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of midazolam on the HVPG. Twenty patients with compensated cirrhosis were included in this prospective, double–blind study. The HVPG was determined by subtracting the free hepatic venous pressure (FHVP) from the wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP). Patients were randomized to receive either placebo, 0.02 mg/kg midazolam, or 0.03 mg/kg midazolam, administered intravenously over 3 minutes. Immediately after drug administration and every 3 minutes thereafter, for a total of 30 or 40 minutes, measurements were repeated. Three hours later, patients were asked to state whether the sedative affected their state of comfort/relaxation. The effects of both doses of midazolam on HVPG did not differ significantly from those of placebo. Furthermore, neither dose of midazolam induced significant changes in HVPG as compared with baseline values. However, higher–dose midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) was associated with significant reductions in FHVP from baseline and a tendency for a reduction in WHVP. Both doses significantly increased patient comfort and relaxation during the test. Midazolam, used at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg, is effective in increasing patient comfort and relaxation during hepatic venous pressure measurements, without significantly affecting pressures (HVPG, WHVP, or FHVP). It is therefore an acceptable option for patients undergoing serial hepatic venous pressure measurements
Studies of a Method of Inducing Specific Lymphopenia in Dogs
Authors: James S. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The lymphocyte plays a significant role in the development of transplant immunity. Many methods have been used to produce a lymphopenia in animals in order to study the effect of lymphocyte depletion on the homograft response. These methods include total and subtotal body radiation and use of antimetabolites, corticosteroids, antilymphocyte sera, and thoracic-duct fistulae. These methods all produce detrimental general alterations in the host, in addition to the desired lymphopenia. Cronkite<sup>1</sup>and his group have produced temporary lymphocyte depletion in calves by extracorporeal radiation of circulating blood. Thomas et al<sup>2</sup>have shown a similar response to extracorporeal blood radiation in leukemic humans. The marked radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in vitro has been demonstrated in studies by Schrek and Stefani.<sup>3</sup>β-emitting isotopes have been inserted into arterial prostheses<sup>4</sup>and into the right atrium of the heart<sup>5</sup>in attempts to produce experimental lymphocyte depletion. In this study, an intraarterial
Tuberculous Disease of Bone
Authors: C. MacNamara
Journal: BMJ (1883)

I HAVE already referred to the existence of small hard masses in the cancellous tissue of scrofulous bones.On examining sections of these bones, we often see accumulation of osteoblasts resting against the trabecuie of the bone, and projecting into the medulla as dark vitreous bodies.These overgrown and calcified osteoblasts may gradually extend themselves into the area occupied by tubercle in the medulla, and so form in the cancellous tissue of the bone a small mass almost as hard and dense as a little bit of flint.Such a dense mas excites inflammation and necrosis of the bone surrounding it; and, until the sequestrum is removed, suppuration continues, and hence the persistent nature of not a few cases of scrofulous diseases of bone.It is a matter of some importance to determine if tubercle of the medulla commence in a hyperplasia of the ceUs over a diffused
Stool immunoassay for Helicobacter pylori is not specific enough
Authors: M. Guslandi
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Drug use has declined among teenagers in United KingdomEditor-During 1995 a survey of illicit drug use was conducted among teenagers in Europe.The United Kingdom and 22 other countries participated. 1 2British teenagers reported the highest rates of drug use.The survey was repeated in 1999.The population sampled in 1999 consisted of 15 and 16 year old students attending state and private schools in the United Kingdom.Information was elicited from 1280 boys and 1361 girls in 223 schools.A third of girls and 39.5% of boys had used illicit drugs.A total of 36.5% had used cannabis.Glues and solvents had been used by 18.6%, lysergide by 5.2%, amphetamines by 8.9%, and ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) by 5.0% (tables 1 and 2).There were several regional variations.Students in Scotland were more likely than others to have used cannabis, any illicit drug, and amphetamines.Respondents in Scotland and Northern Ireland were more likely than others to have used ecstasy and heroin.Those in Northern Ireland reported the greatest use of glues and solvents.Most forms of drug use had declined since 1995.Girls showed significant reductions in their use of cannabis, any illicit drug, solvents, lysergide, amphetamines, "pills" combined with alcohol, ecstasy, and tranquillisers.Among boys the significant falls were in cannabis, any illicit drug, solvents, lysergide, amphetamines, "pills" combined with alcohol, ecstasy, and crack cocaine.The only exception to this trend was heroin, whose use, though still rare, had risen in both sexes.These reductions may be temporary, but they are striking.
Nomenclature for Mononucleosis Syndromes
Authors: Stephen C. Cowdrey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article (234:45,1975) continues a controversy that has endured for at least 80 years. Jordan asserts that "in light of recent information on the etiology of mononucleosis syndromes," arguments concerning the importance of the serum heterophil agglutination test "before the term `infectious mononucleosis' is used in a given case" are no longer necessary. This view is premature; the etiology of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-associated mononucleosis (heterophil antibody-positive<i>or</i>negative) is neither clear-cut nor proved. Davidsohn and Lee,<sup>1</sup>while cognizant of EB virus-mononucleosis studies, noted that "such [anamnestic] reactions endorse the conclusion that the diagnosis of IM [infectious mononucleosis] is valid only if it is based on the triad of characteristic clinical, hematological and serological findings." And Chang,<sup>2</sup>who continues his landmark studies of the "leukocytetransforming agents" in mononucleosis, warned (only four months ago) that "despite the innumerable publications on the Epstein-Barr virus, little is known
Immunization With β-Amyloid(1-42) Protein for Alzheimer Disease: Genomics Predicts the Response
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (2005)

BackgroundA phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pilot efficacy of immunization with β-amyloid(1-42) in patients with Alzheimer disease. Six immunizations were planned but were halted when meningoencephalitis was recognized as an adverse event in 6% of immunized patients.ObjectiveTo identify biomarkers associated with both the risk of meningoencephalitis and antibody responsiveness.ParticipantsOne hundred fifty-three patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.Main Outcome MeasureAssociation between response to immunization and preimmunization expression levels of 8239 messenger RNA transcripts expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that had been collected at the screening visit.ResultsExpression patterns of genes related to apoptosis and proinflammatory pathways (tumor necrosis factor pathway in particular) were identified as biomarkers of risk for the development of meningoencephalitis. Expression patterns of genes related to protein synthesis, protein trafficking, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and cell cycle were strongly associated with IgG response to immunization.ConclusionsCandidate biomarkers associated with risk of immunotherapy-related meningoencephalitis were detected in blood collected prior to treatment. In addition, a different set of biomarkers were identified that were associated with the desired outcome of IgG response.
Determination of hepatitis delta virus RNA by polymerase chain reaction in acute and chronic delta infection
Authors: Rosendo Jardi, Maria Buti, Montserrat Cotrina, Francisco Rodriguez, Helena Allende, Rafael Esteban, Jaime Guardia
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in acute and chronic D hepatitis and to correlate with HDV-RNA detection by dot blot and hepatic delta antigen. Serum samples from 33 patients with acute hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatitis (15 with hepatitis B and D coinfection, 8 with HDV superinfection, and 10 with acute hepatitis B), 85 patients with chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis (73 with chronic D hepatitis and 12 with chronic B hepatitis), and consecutive serum samples from nine patients with chronic D hepatitis treated with interferon alfa-2b were studied. HDV-RNA was detected by PCR in 93% of the patients with hepatitis B and D coinfection, in 100% of the patients with hepatitis D superinfection, and in 1 of the 10 patients with acute hepatitis B who subsequently seroconverted to total antibody to hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), whereas HDV-RNA was found by dot blot technique in 60% of the hepatitis B and D coinfection cases, in 62.5% of the patients with hepatitis D superinfection, and in none of the acute hepatitis B cases. In chronic D hepatitis, HDV-RNA tested positive by PCR assay in 97% of patients with intrahepatic HDAg, in one patient with undetectable hepatic HDAg, and in none of the patients with chronic hepatitis B. In the treated patients, HDV-RNA was observed to become negative by PCR only in the three patients who had a persistent response to interferon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
US hospitals are reducing early elective deliveries
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Rates of early elective deliveries by induction and, in some cases, caesarean section are falling in US hospitals, shows a national survey.

The proportion of deliveries before 39 weeks fell from 17% in 2010 to 11.2% in 2012, found the survey, carried out by the Leapfrog Group, a coalition of large corporations that buy healthcare benefits for their workers.1 The report was based on a survey …
Orthopedic Research and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Stanley Mendenhall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Paul Cotton's1perspective on the state of research in the orthopedic industry is both timely and relevant. One element not addressed in his article was the impact of implant technology on hospital cost. Our research indicates that 67% of patients who receive hip or knee implants are Medicare beneficiaries. Total hip, partial hip, and knee implants are all classified as DRG 209, Major Joint Implant, with a hospital payment of about $7000 for a rural hospital and about $8000 for an urban hospital. The payment is supposed to cover all hospital costs, including nursing, laboratory, operating room, and cost of the prosthesis. The cost of the prosthesis alone can be as much as $4000 for a complete knee system; a total hip prosthesis may cost nearly $4500.  Dr Sledge and others rightly question whether newer technology affects patient outcomes; does an additional $2000 for a prosthesis
Abstract 2345: Amplification of mouse chromosome 4 in chemically induced and invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Linda M. Sargent, Michael L. Kashon, Ann F. Hubbs, David T. Lowry, Michael Ruppert, Jamie R. Senft, Kimberly T. McKinstry, Tyson L. Tyson, Steven H. Reynolds
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and is ranked second only to bladder cancer in proportion of cases due to past occupational exposures. Though the genetic changes associated with lung cancer are not well understood, the pattern of mutations observed in lung adenocarcinoma from tobacco exposed patients is distinct from that of lung adenocarcinoma from unexposed patients. We used Spectral Karyotyping (SKY), mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), expression array, real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive cell cultures to detect molecular changes. The medial portion of chromosome 4 was deleted in 67% of all of the cell strains. Duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 4 occurred in 22% of the spontaneously-occurring high-invasive cells strains and 83% of the chemically-induced high-invasive cell cultures. Mouse chromosome 1 and 15 were amplified in 90% of the high-invasive cell strains. FISH mapping further narrowed the region of deletion of chromosome 4 to 39.6 centimorgans (cM) and the region of duplication to 10-35 cM. Expression array and real time PCR analysis demonstrated increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory factor p16 and the apoptotic factor Cathepsin D in all of the tumor cell strains. The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), Kruppel like factor-4 (KLF4), Cyclin E and c-myc was significantly higher in the high-invasive cells strains compared to the low-invasive cell strains. Western blotting showed increased Cox-2, Cyclin E, KLF4 and c-myc proteins and decreased expression of Cathepsin D. In addition, the KLF4 protein was higher in the chemically-induced cell strains compared to the spontaneously-occurring cell strains while COX-2 was higher in the spontaneously-occurring cell strains. The KLF4 protein was identified in the tumor cell strains at the expected size of 55 KD as well as a smaller 45 KD form. Coordinated expression of KLF4 and c-myc is important in the induction of a stem cell phenotype and may be important in chemical carcinogenesis. The higher COX-2 in the spontaneous tumors indicates the importance of inflammation in spontaneous tumor induction. The homologous linkage groups on human chromosomes 9p21, 1p36, 9q and 8q are altered in asbestos-induced human lung adenocarcinoma. Alteration in copy number and expression of these genes may play a functional role in lung cancer development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2345. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2345