tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differences in the Incidence of Childhood IDDM in Israel (1965–1993): Marked increase since 1985, especially in Yemenite Jews
Authors: Igor Shamis, Orit Gordon, Yael Albag, George Goldsand, Zvi Laron
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To establish the changes in the incidence of childhood IDDM during the years 1965–1993 in the different ethnic groups in Israel. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A whole-country register of childhood IDDM (0–17 years) was started in Israel in 1965. Onset of IDDM was considered to be the date of first insulin injection. The data were collected from all outpatient clinics and hospitals. Ascertainment is estimated to be over 95%. RESULTS A total of 1,868 patients were registered for a period of 28 years. Marked differences were found between ethnic groups. The highest incidence was among the Yemenite Jews, who reached an incidence of 18.5/105, followed by Ashkenazi Jews (10.0/105), non-Ashkenazi Jews, except Yemenites (7.3/105), and Arabs (2.9/105). In addition, it was found that in all Jewish subgroups, in contrast with the Arabs, there was a marked increase in incidence after 1985. CONCLUSIONS Israel is a country with low, intermediate, and high incidence of childhood IDDM. The interethnic differences in incidence are probably due to genetic factors. However, the significant increase in incidence since 1985 in the Jewish population is ascribed to thus far unidentified environmental factors. It is hypothesized that the marked increase in IDDM is due to environmental factors linked to changes in affluence and lifestyle. These may also explain the difference in incidence between the Jewish and Arab populations, the latter living more in rural areas and leading a more traditional lifestyle.
Correspondence: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: W. J Raum, M. M Laks
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Correspondence: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Get access William J Raum, William J Raum Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance, California, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael M Laks Michael M Laks Division of Cardiology, Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance, California, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 6, June 1987, Pages 469–470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.6.469 Published: 01 June 1987
Increased apoptosis in the heart of genetic hypertension, associated with increased fibroblasts
Authors: J Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The present studies were undertaken to identify apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of genetic hypertension and to study the relationship among apoptosis, aging and blood pressure, and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on apoptosis. Methods: Apoptosis in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was identified by electron microscopy (EM) and DNA laddering, and quantified from age 3 weeks to 64 weeks in comparison with normotensive rats (WKY). Fibroblasts and protein products of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by quantitative immunohistochemistry. SHR were treated with ramipril, an ACE inhibitor. Results: The results showed that: (1) ultrastructural characteristics of apoptosis were observed in cardiomyocytes of SHR, with shrinkage of the cell and condensation of the cytoplasm and chromatin. A DNA ladder was shown; (2) a significant increase in apoptosis in SHR began as early as age 4 weeks and reached a plateau at 16 weeks and maintained at high levels up to 64 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) in SHR started to increase significantly at age 5 weeks; (3) fibroblasts were significantly increased in the heart of SHR; (4) the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly reduced in SHR; and (6) ramipril effectively reduced apoptosis and fibroblasts, and increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Conclusion: Apoptosis occurs in the cardiomyocytes of genetic hypertension although fibroblasts are increased, and a significant, age-dependent increase in apoptosis is observed. The increase in apoptosis occurs before the difference in blood pressure is detectable. The ACE inhibitor ramipril may be useful for prevention of apoptosis in the heart.
Reversal of Hyperlipidemia With a Genetic Switch Favorably Affects the Content and Inflammatory State of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Jonathan E. Feig, Sajesh Parathath, James X. Rong, Stephanie L. Mick, Yuliya Vengrenyuk, Lisa Grauer, Stephen G. Young, Edward A. Fisher
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— We previously showed that the progression of atherosclerosis in the Reversa mouse ( Ldlr −/− Apob 100/100 Mttp fl/fl Mx1 Cre +/+ ) was arrested when the hyperlipidemia was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Here, we tested whether atherosclerosis would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. Methods and Results— Reversa mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived (CD68 + ) cells in atherosclerotic plaques and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque CD68 + cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and CD68 + cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of pioglitazone to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque CD68 + cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. Conclusion— The Reversa mouse is a new model of atherosclerosis regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque CD68 + cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with pioglitazone.
Postural Instability in Patients with Diabetic Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Guy G Simoneau, Jan S Ulbrecht, Janice A Derr, Mary B Becker, Peter R Cavanagh
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE Recent survey evidence suggests that sensory ataxia due to diabetic neuropathy may be a more frequent and serious problem than is commonly recognized. This view is further supported by research that confirms the major contribution of the somatosensory system to the control of posture. We therefore sought to determine the effects of significant diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy on the control of posture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-one subjects, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Seventeen had diabetes and significant sensory neuropathy, 17 had diabetes and no neuropathy, and 17 had neither diabetes nor neuropathy. The subjects were matched across groups, and stringent exclusion criteria were applied. Postural stability during quiet standing was measured using a force platform. In addition to electrophysiological and quantitative sensory tests of neuropathy, a number of physical and functional characteristics were measured for all subjects. RESULTS Postural instability was found to be significantly associated with sensory neuropathy, but not with diabetes per se. Patients with sensory neuropathy demonstrated between 66 and 117% more instability than did control subjects (depending on the testing condition). Based on multiple linear regression analyses, the most significant correlates of instability were the quantitative sensory measures of neuropathy and age. CONCLUSIONS The loss of sensory perception secondary to diabetic distal symmetrical sensory neuropathy has a markedly detrimental effect on postural stability. The deficit is greatest when visual or vestibular cues are absent or degraded. Patients with neuropathy need to be informed of the postural consequences of this condition to limit the potential morbidity caused by falls.
Fish Consumption and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Daan Kromhout
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic accuracy of SeptiFast multi-pathogen real-time PCR in the setting of suspected healthcare-associated bloodstream infection
Authors: Geoffrey Warhurst, Satanayarana Maddi, Graham Dunn, Murad Ghrew, Paul Chadwick, Peter Alexander, Andrew Bentley, John Moore, Michael Sharman, Gordon L Carlson, Duncan Young, Paul Dark
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Serendipitous Detection of Intrarenal Abscesses on Technetium-99m MDP Imaging While Evaluating a Foot Ulcer
Authors: MARK J. MALLEY, RICHARD A. HOLMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 63-year-old diabetic was admitted with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia and a chronic ulcer of the plantar surface of the right foot 3 months after amputation of the right hallux for osteomyelitis. Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate images revealed no evidence of osteomyelitis but showed increased uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals in the region of the right kidney. An abdominal CT scan confirmed foci of infection in the upper pole of the right kidney.
Acute Respiratory Failure in Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Limited data are available regarding the long-term survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring treatment for acute respiratory failure in an intensive care unit (ICU). Follow-up of 43 such patients treated in our respiratory ICU disclosed that 30 (69.8%) survived their episode and were discharged from the unit, and 27 (62.8%) were discharged from the hospital. However, only 13 (30.2%) were alive at the time of the latest follow-up with a median survival time of 11.75 months. The heavy mortality in the two years following discharge from the unit has led us to consider how we can alter elements of our respiratory care activities to improve patient survival.
Manganese Neurotoxicity: Lessons Learned from Longitudinal Studies in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Neal C. Burton, Tomás R. Guilarte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Exposure to excess levels of the essential trace element manganese produces cognitive, psychiatric, and motor abnormalities. The understanding of Mn neurotoxicology is heavily governed by pathologic and neurochemical observations derived from rodent studies that often employ acute Mn exposures. The comparatively sparse studies incorporating in vivo neuroimaging in nonhuman primates provide invaluable insights on the effects of Mn on brain chemistry.The purpose of this review is to discuss important aspects of Mn neurotoxicology and to synthesize recent findings from one of the largest cohorts of nonhuman primates used to study the neurologic effects of chronic Mn exposure.We reviewed our recent in vivo and ex vivo studies that have significantly advanced the understanding of Mn-induced neurotoxicity. In those studies, we administered weekly doses of 3.3-5.0 (n=4), 5.0-6.7 (n=5), or 8.3-10.0 mg Mn/kg (n=3) for 7-59 weeks to cynomolgus macaque monkeys. Animals expressed subtle deficits in cognition and motor function and decreases in the N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio in the parietal cortex measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflective of neuronal dysfunction. Impaired striatal dopamine release measured by positron emission tomography was observed in the absence of changes in markers of dopamine neuron degeneration. Neuropathology indicated decreased glutamine synthetase expression in the globus pallidus with otherwise normal markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Increased amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 1 gene expression with multiple markers of neurodegeneration and glial cell activation was observed in the frontal cortex.These findings provide new information on mechanisms by which Mn affects behavior, neurotransmitter function, and neuropathology in nonhuman primates.
Blowing a Wind Instrument
Authors: Truett Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Henry D. Friedman's letter to the editor ( JAMA  177 :276 [July 29] 1961) contained a false premise; that is, that blowing a wind instrument will cause increased pressure in the nasopharynx and thus produce a Valsalva maneuver. In blowing an instrument, the palate closes off the nasopharynx and thus the increased pressure is not transmitted to the eustachian tubes. As an oboe player and an otolaryngologist, I can speak from my own experience and believe that any concern over middle ear complications being caused by blowing an instrument during an upper respiratory infection is superfluous.
Polygenic Overlap Between C-Reactive Protein, Plasma Lipids, and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Rahul S. Desikan, Andrew J. Schork, Yunpeng Wang, Wesley K. Thompson, Abbas Dehghan, Paul M Ridker, Daniel I. Chasman, Linda K. McEvoy, Dominic Holland, Chi-Hua Chen, David S. Karow, James B. Brewer, Christopher P. Hess, Julie Williams, Rebecca Sims, Michael C. O’Donovan, Seung Hoan Choi, Joshua C. Bis, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilmundur Gudnason, Anita L. DeStefano, Sven J. van der Lee, Bruce M. Psaty, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Lenore Launer, Sudha Seshadri, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Richard Mayeux, Jonathan L. Haines, Lindsay A. Farrer, John Hardy, Ingun Dina Ulstein, Dag Aarsland, Tormod Fladby, Linda R. White, Sigrid B. Sando, Arvid Rongve, Aree Witoelar, Srdjan Djurovic, Bradley T. Hyman, Jon Snaedal, Stacy Steinberg, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Ole A. Andreassen, Anders M. Dale
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Epidemiological findings suggest a relationship between Alzheimer disease (AD), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, although the nature of this relationship is not well understood. We investigated whether this phenotypic association arises from a shared genetic basis.
Human papillomaviruses of the mucosal type are present in some cases of extragenital Bowen's disease
Authors: S. Zheng, A. Adachi, M. Shimizu, S-I. Shibata, S. Yasue, A. Sakakibara, M. Sugiura, T. Nagasaka, Y. Tomita
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Bowen's disease in the genital area is generally considered to be caused by mucosal high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). However, the detection rate and spectrum of HPVs in extragenital Bowen's disease are various and it is not clear to what extent HPV is involved in its pathogenesis.To assess the degree of association of HPV in extragenital cases by examining detection rates, types, quantities and localization of HPV.A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach that we had previously established, which can give sensitive detection of a broad range of HPVs from cutaneous [including epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related HPVs (EV-HPVs)] to mucosal HPVs, was applied to samples from 41 patients with extragenital Bowen's disease and normal skin samples from 48 individuals. Semiquantitative L1-PCR and tyramide-based in situ hybridization (ISH) were also employed for positive cases.HPVs belonging to the mucosal high-risk group were detected in three patients with Bowen's disease (7%; two HPV 16 and one HPV 33), with 10(1)-10(3) copy equivalents per diploid amount of cellular DNA. They were distributed among most nuclei of tumour cells but in none of the cells of adjacent normal skin. HPVs belonging to the cutaneous group were detected in two patients (5%; HPV 27 and HPV 76) at 10(-2)-10(-3) copy equivalents, the same level as in a normal skin specimen positive for type 23 EV-HPV. No positive signals were observed by ISH.HPVs belonging to the mucosal high-risk group may participate in the development of extragenital Bowen's disease.
Anaphylactic Drug Reactions
Authors: Richard A. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The efficacy of new drugs has often been offset by their ability to sensitize the patient. The allergic reactions that result later on when the drug is used again are encountered in every field of medicine. The frequency of unfavorable reactions can be reduced by avoiding unnecessary medication, by using parenteral and topical methods of administration only when necessary, by knowing the allergenic potentialities of the given drug, and by ascertaining the patient's history with respect to allergies. Tests for drug sensitivity are of limited value, and the author advises against the prophylactic use of antihistaminics in the same syringe with an antibiotic. When it is necessary to administer a drug parenterally, the equipment needed in dealing with emergencies should be at hand.
The shifting politics of tobacco advertising
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Britain's ruling Conservative government is battle hardened in opposing a blanket ban on tobacco advertising. For years it has fought against the ban in the capitals of Europe. But until now it has not had to face the same challenge back home in the British parliament as it has in the European Union. Next month, however, the House of Commons will consider the Tobacco Advertising Bill, which seeks to outlaw all tobacco advertising beyond the point of sale. It is the first substantive attempt at a statutory ban in Britain. The chances of the bill becoming law are not high, but it is none the less an important landmark in a rapidly changing scene.

In recent years the balance of argument and numbers in Britain has been shifting inexorably in favour of a state imposed ban. It tipped decisively about three years ago when the Labour party …
OC-003 Nurse vs doctor consent within endoscopy: are they equal?
Authors: J Waloszkova, F Avey, A Leahy
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction This study compared the effectiveness of nurse led consent vs doctor led consent for patients undergoing day case diagnostic endoscopy. There have been no previous studies that have directly compared nurse to doctor consent within endoscopy. Ten years ago, it was suggested that consent at that time was mostly a doctor's task, but it might be beneficial to involve a nurse in the consent process.1 There is a need to determine whether nurse consent is as effective as doctor consent, as nurse consent could lead to a more streamlined patient service, improve unit efficiency and increase job satisfaction. Methods The study assessed patient knowledge, understanding and experience of an endoscopic procedure after being consented by either a nurse or a doctor. Patients who had a diagnostic gastroscopy were prospectively studied. The following groups of patients were excluded: non-english speaking patients; patients with previous experience of the procedure; sedated patients as the sedation might have impaired mental recall: and inpatients because of possible confounding comorbidity. An abbreviated previously validated consent questionnaire was used (the QuIC questionnaire),2 with specific reference to the overall understanding of the test, risk/benefits and alternatives. The significance of observed differences were statistically assessed by the Student's t-test. Results Patients were consented by either their named nurse or the doctor carrying out the procedure. All nurses trained in consent participated in this study, 10 staff nurses and two sisters. Doctors who participated in this study were four consultant gastroenterologists, three gastroenterology registrars, two consultant surgeons and one elderly care consultant. Questionnaires were completed for 65 nurse consent and 47 doctor consents. Patients had a better understanding of the alternatives to having the procedure when consented by a nurse (p<0.03). Patients understood the risks, discomfort, benefits and the overall procedure equally whether consented by a nurse or doctor. Conclusion This study has shown that nurse consent in our unit was more thorough than doctor consent. Patients who were consented by a nurse showed greater understanding of the alternative options to having the endoscopy. There was equal understanding of the risks, discomfort, benefits and overall procedure whether consented by a nurse or a doctor. Based on these results, endoscopy units should consider adopting nurse led consent into their daily working practice. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Joffe S , Cook EF, Cleary EF, et al. Quality of informed consent: a new measure of understanding among research subjects. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93 :193–47. 2. McParland J , Scott PA, Arndt M, et al. Autonomy and clinical practice 3: issues of patient consent. Br J Nurs 2000; 9 :660–5.
O80 NOVEL 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY ACCURATELY DIAGNOSES NASH AND ADVANCED FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH BIOPSY-PROVEN NAFLD: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: R. Loomba, T. Wolfsen, W. Haufe, J. Hooker, N. Szeverneyi, B. Ang, A. Bhatt, M. Peterson, M. Valasak, G. Lin, A. Gamst, D. Brenner, C. Sirlin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Effect of captopril on the vascular permeability changes induced by C5a, histamine and compound 48/80
Authors: H.W. LIM, R. KAMIDE, I. GIGLI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Effect of captopril on the vascular permeability changes induced by C5a, histamine and compound 48/80 Get access H.W. LIM, H.W. LIM Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.A. Dr H.W. Lim, Division of Dermatology, H‐811‐J, University of California, 225 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. KAMIDE, R. KAMIDE Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. GIGLI I. GIGLI Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 1, 1 January 1985, Pages 43–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02289.x Published: 01 January 1985 Article history Accepted: 15 June 1984 Published: 01 January 1985