tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New insights into canalicular organic anion secretion
Authors: Richard H. Moseley
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of partial and complete dissipation of the membrane potential and partial depletion of cellular ATP content on the efflux of dinitrophenyl-glutathione and oxidized glutathione was examined in hepatocytes isolated from normal and mutant (TR−) rats exhibiting defective organic anion transport. Whereas alterations in the membrane potential difference had no effect on the initial efflux rate of dinitrophenyl-glutathione and oxidized glutathione, depletion of cellular ATP inhibited dinitrophenyl-glutathione and oxidized glutathione efflux and a linear relationship between the cellular ATP content and the initial efflux rate of dinitrophenyl-glutathione was observed in normal isolated rat hepatocytes. In contrast, depletion of cellular ATP content had no significant effect on the slower rate of dinitrophenyl-glutathione efflux from TR− rat hepatocytes. These findings implicate an ATP-dependent hepatic transport system for oxidized glutathione and glutathione conjugates that is absent in TR− mutants. Fluorescence image analysis reveals normal secretion of a fluorescent bile acid fluorescein isothiocyanate glycocholate into the canalicular lumen of isolated normal and TR− mutant rat hepatocyte couplets, but negligible canalicular accumulation of a non-bileacid organic anion (carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate) in TR− hepatocyte couplets. Canalicular membrane vesicles derived from normal rats exhibited saturable temperature- and ATP-dependent transport of sulfobromophthalein and sulfobromophthalein-glutathione that was absent in canalicular membrane vesicles from TR− rats. However, ATP-dependent daunomycin transport, reflecting transport mediated by the multidrug resistance gene product, p-glycoprotein, was present in canalicular membrane vesicles from both normal and TR− rats. Canalicular membrane vesicles from normal and TR− rats contained equal amounts of p-glycoprotein on immunoblots. These studies demonstrate that the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in TR− mutant rats is the result of a functional absence of an ATP-dependent organic anion transport system on the canalicular membrane.
Endoscopic Treatment of Postoperative Biliary Strictures
Authors: K. Huibregtse, R.M. Katon, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Benign postoperative biliary tract strictures may present with jaundice and/or cholangitis. Surgical reconstruction of these usually proximal biliary strictures carries high morbidity and mortality. In addition, recurrences following surgery are common. We attempted endoscopic therapy in 29 consecutive patients with benign biliary strictures, by the placement of one or two large-bore 10 French endoprostheses. The procedure was successful in 27 out of 29 (93%) patients. All 27 had rapid clearance of jaundice and/or cholangitis. Clinical follow-up of 21 patients for at least 6 months (range 6 months to 4 years) shows that 19 out of 21 have good (3) or excellent (16) results. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with the procedure. Although placement of an endoprosthesis in this group of patients is technically difficult, we believe it should be considered as the initial therapeutic modality in this clinical situation.
Inotropic therapy for refractory congestive heart failure with oral fenoximone (MDL-17,043): poor long-term results despite early hemodynamic and clinical improvement.
Authors: P K Shah, D K Amin, S Hulse, F Shellock, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Thirteen male patients with NYHA class IV congestive heart failure refractory to conventional therapy were treated with oral fenoximone, a new imidazole compound with inotropic and vasodilator effects, for a mean duration of 11 weeks (range 2 to 34). On initial hemodynamic evaluation, the effects of oral fenoximone were comparable to those of the intravenous form and included a significant (p = .0001) increase in cardiac index (mean +/- SD) (1.7 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2) and a significant (p = .0001) but modest decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27 +/- 6 to 23 +/- 6 mm Hg), with only minor overall changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Symptomatic improvement by at least one NYHA class was observed in all patients during the first week of therapy with fenoximone; however, severe and symptomatic congestive heart failure recurred in seven patients within an average of 8 weeks after initiation of therapy, resulting in death in all seven. Of the remaining six patients, two died suddenly at home within 3 weeks of initiation of therapy, one died from ventricular fibrillation in the hospital 7 weeks after initiation of therapy, and two died from noncardiac causes. One patient is currently alive with NYHA class II heart failure 21 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Partial or complete attenuation of hemodynamic efficacy of oral fenoximone during long-term administration was demonstrated during repeat hemodynamic evaluation in six of eight patients. We conclude that despite short-term hemodynamic and clinical benefits, oral fenoximone therapy in patients with NYHA class IV congestive heart failure does not produce sustained clinical or hemodynamic benefit and is associated with a high mortality.
Radionuclide Angiography in Evaluation of Cold Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Authors: RAJEEV PRAKASH, RAJAN V. NARAYANAN, L RAVI SHANKAR, ARUN KAKAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Radionuclide thyroid angiography was performed in 252 patients with hypofunctioning thyroid nodules to evaluate differences in vascular flow and washout patterns in benign and malignant disease. Time activity curves of Tc-99m pertechnetate flow through the cold nodules were generated using region of interest software. Retention ratios of counts in the nodule at 2 minutes after radionuclide administration versus those at peak activity were derived. Patients subsequently underwent surgical excision and histopathologic examination. One hundred forty-four of the 204 benign nodules were avascular with absent radionuclide flow through the nodule. Fifty-six benign nodules were vascular with a prolonged radionuclide washout pattern with retention ratios ranging from 0.62-0.92. Forty-six of the 48 malignant nodules displayed increased perfusion with rapid radionuclide washout with retention ratios ranging from 0.28-0.48. Four benign nodules exhibited a similar flow and washout pattern. Radionuclide thyroid angiography with vascular flow and washout analysis appears to be a useful technique to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
The Consequences for Food Safety of the Use of Fluoroquinolones in Food Animals
Authors: Henrik Caspar Wegener
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In June 1998, the World Health Organization convened a meeting to discuss the use of quinolones in animals used for food and its potential effect on human health. Participants included experts from a wide range of disciplines.1 They concluded that major gaps in the data need to be filled in order for them to assess the public health implications of the use of quinolones in animals used for food.The report by Smith et al. in this issue of the Journal 2 adds new and valuable information that fills some of those gaps. The report links an increase in domestically acquired . . .
Plight of young consultants
Authors: A F M S Rahman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

pharyngeal wall or uvula, and an anterior lingual polyp of this kind was reported by Miller and Owens.'It should probably be regarded as a congenital malformation, as was the nasopharyngeal nodule described by Kesson,2 rather than as a teratoma, which is a true tumour or neoplasm composed of multiple tissues of kinds foreign to the part in which it arises.The midline of the posterior part of the tongue is certainly a most unusual site for such a polyp and probably gave rise to the polyhydramnios by interfering with fetal swallowing.It is worth noting that solid tumours in the mouth occasionally cause problems of resuscitation in the newborn infant and, if pedunculated, may readily be removed in the delivery room.
Effect of acid/base balance on H-ATPase 31 kD subunit mRNA levels in collecting duct cells
Authors: Géza Fejes-Tóth, Anikó Náray-Fejes-Tóth
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

The cortical collecting duct (CCD) adapts to disturbances of acid/base balance by adjusting the direction and magnitude of its HCO3 transport. The molecular events involved in this adaptation are incompletely understood, but it seems that adaptation is accompanied by changes in the activity and intracellular distribution of the vacuolar H-ATPase. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of metabolic acidosis and alkali load on the expression of the mRNA encoding the 31 kD subunit of the vacuolar H-ATPase in rabbit CCD cells. Pairs of rabbits received either a NH4Cl load or a NaHCO3 load for 16 hours, resulting in a urinary pH of 5.53 +/- 0.38 and 8.42 +/- 0.10, respectively. CCD cells were isolated by immunodissection and mRNA levels of the H-ATPase 31 kD subunit and of beta-actin were determined from the same cDNA samples by quantitative RT-PCR. H-ATPase mRNA levels were significantly higher in CCD cells from acidotic than alkali-loaded rabbits (2.51 +/- 1.3 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.2; P < 0.05). Similar differences in the H-ATPase 31 kD subunit mRNA levels were observed by Northern blotting. beta-actin mRNA levels were comparable in CCD cells of the two groups. The distribution of the H-ATPase 31 kD subunit mRNA was determined among the three cell types of the CCD, that is in alpha- and beta-intercalated cells (alpha-ICC and beta-ICC) and principal cells (PC) isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The level of expression was comparable in alpha-ICCs and beta-ICCs, whereas PCs contained very low levels of H-ATPase mRNA. In both alpha-ICC and beta-ICC the levels of the 31 kD H-ATPase mRNA were significantly higher in acidotic than in alkali-loaded rabbits. These results indicate that in the rabbit CCD changes in acid/base balance not only regulate the subcellular distribution of the vacuolar H-ATPase but also alter its expression, at least at the mRNA level.
Prediction of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Unresponsiveness in Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Tohru Kobayashi, Yoshinari Inoue, Kazuo Takeuchi, Yasunori Okada, Kazushi Tamura, Takeshi Tomomasa, Tomio Kobayashi, Akihiro Morikawa
Journal: Circulation (2006)

In the present study, we developed models to predict unresponsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Kawasaki disease (KD).We reviewed clinical records of 546 consecutive KD patients (development dataset) and 204 subsequent KD patients (validation dataset). All received IVIG for treatment of KD. IVIG nonresponders were defined by fever persisting beyond 24 hours or recrudescent fever associated with KD symptoms after an afebrile period. A 7-variable logistic model was constructed, including day of illness at initial treatment, age in months, percentage of white blood cells representing neutrophils, platelet count, and serum aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, and C-reactive protein, which generated an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of 0.84 and 0.90 for the development and validation datasets, respectively. Using both datasets, the 7 variables were used to generate a simple scoring model that gave an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of 0.85. For a cutoff of 0.15 or more in the logistic regression model and 4 points or more in the simple scoring model, sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 67% in the logistic model and 86% and 68% in the simple scoring model. The kappa statistic is 0.67, indicating good agreement between the logistic and simple scoring models.Our predictive models showed high sensitivity and specificity in identifying IVIG nonresponders among KD patients.
Interactive Media Use at Younger Than the Age of 2 Years
Authors: Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) reaffirmed its original statement on infants and media, leaving the 1999 recommendation essentially unchanged stating "we discourage the use of media by children under the age of two." 1 Although published in October 2011, the policy statement had been completed much earlier owing to the lengthy internal review process of the AAP. 1,2The timing is notable because the iPad debuted in April 2010, meaning that the statement was drafted with no knowledge that such a device would ever exist.Now, 3 years later, we still know surprisingly little about how iPads and other interactive media technologies affect children's cognition-research is simply unable to keep up with the pace of technological advancesand these devices are increasingly popular.The salient question then is whether the discourage media verbiage of the 2011 statement should be applied to them.I should disclose that I am a member of the executive committee of the AAP Council on Communications and Media and a co-author of the 2011 statement but that I speak only for myself in this Viewpoint.I should also point out that much of the science underpinning that recommendation is based on research with which I have been involved.Although I and others are currently studying the effects of these new technologies, it will be years before we have robust data about their effects.Accordingly, I want to offer my opinion on what the recommendation regarding them should be based largely on theoretical, rather than empirical, grounds.By way of background, I believe that there is a direct and an indirect pathway by which media affect child behavior and development.The direct pathway is based entirely on the content viewed and its formal features.4][5] The indirect pathway is mediated by displacement.Simply put, there are only so many hours in a day, and time spent with media (even educational programming) comes at the expense of some other-potentially developmentally salubrious-activity (eg, playing or reading).To be sure, an iPad (or other interactive device) can function as nothing more than a video screen in which case the data acquired from research on televisions surely applies.But if it is being used in the context of one of the thousands of interactive applications currently designed for children, there are significant theoretical and practical differences that warrant consideration.
Assuring Access to Data for Chemical Evaluations
Authors: Lynn R. Goldman, Ellen K. Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: A database for studies used for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide and chemical reviews would be an excellent resource for increasing transparency and improving systematic assessments of pesticides and chemicals. There is increased demand for disclosure of raw data from studies used by the U.S. EPA in these reviews.Objectives: Because the Information Quality Act (IQA) of 2001 provides an avenue for request of raw data, we reviewed all IQA requests to the U.S. EPA in 2002–2012 and the U.S. EPA's responses. We identified other mechanisms to access such data: public access databases, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and reanalysis by a third party.Discussion: Only two IQA requests to the U.S. EPA were for raw data. Both of these were fulfilled under FOIA, not the IQA. Barriers to the U.S. EPA's proactive collection of all such data include costs to the U.S. EPA and researchers, significant time burdens for researchers, and major regulatory delays. The U.S. EPA regulatory authority in this area is weak, especially for research conducted in the past, not funded by the U.S. government, and/or conducted abroad. The U.S. EPA is also constrained by industry confidential business information (CBI) claims for regulatory testing data under U.S. chemical and pesticide laws. The National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials database systematically collects statistical data about clinical trials but not raw data; this database may be a model for data from studies of chemicals and pesticides.Conclusions: A database that registers studies and obtains systematic sets of parameters and results would be more feasible than a system that attempts to make all raw data available proactively. Such a proposal would not obviate rights under the IQA to obtain raw data at a later point.
US production of new primary care doctors falls far short of need, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Despite the growing need in the United States for primary care physicians, less than 25% of doctors coming out of US training programs are going into primary care, a study has found.

The findings show a serious mismatch between the kinds of doctor the US needs and what is produced by its taxpayer funded graduate medical education system, said the study’s lead author, Candice Chen, assistant research professor of health policy at George Washington University’s School of Public Health and Health Services in Washington, DC. …
Cataract Formation after Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Andre Tichelli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, time course, and factors associated with cataract formation in bone marrow transplant recipients. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University Hospitals, Basel, Switzerland. Patients: 197 patients treated with allogeneic or autologous bone marrow grafts at least 180 days before the start of the study. Intervention: Three regimens for bone marrow transplant were used: 74 patients received single-dose, total-body irradiation (TBI), 90 patients received fractionated TBI, and 33 received chemotherapy alone. Results: Three and one half years after single-dose TBI, 51 of the 74 patients (69%) were alive and cataracts had developed in all of these 51 patients. Cataracts developed in 18 of the 90 (20%) patients treated with fractionated TBI, with an 83% (95% CI, 63% to 100%) risk for lens opacification at 6 years\f. Cataracts developed in only 1 of the 33 (3%) patients treated with chemotherapy alone. Incidence of cataracts is higher and lens opacification occurs earlier after single-dose TBI than after fractionated TBI (P < 0.01). With Cox regression analysis, the use of irradiation (relative risk, 21.0), the mode of irradiation (relative risk, 7.4), and the use of steroid treatment (relative risk, 2.9) for more than 3 months after bone marrow transplantation increased the risk for cataract formation. In contrast, age, sex, and chronic graft-versus-host disease did not influence the rate of cataract development. The probability of requiring cataract surgery after 6 years was 85% (CI, 75% to 95%) for the patients treated with single-dose TBI and 20% (CI, 0% to 49%) for those prepared with fractionated irradiation. Conclusions: Patients treated with TBI, regardless of fractionation, are likely to have cataracts within 10 years, and some will need surgical repair. Long-term steroid treatment accelerates cataract formation. Preventive measures, such as lens shielding during TBI, should be considered.
Correction: The genome sequence of the ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis provides insights into its adaptation to high altitude
Authors: Qingle Cai, Xiaoju Qian, Yongshan Lang, Yadan Luo, Jiaohui Xu, Shengkai Pan, Yuanyuan Hui, Caiyun Gou, Yue Cai, Meirong Hao, Jinyang Zhao, Songbo Wang, Zhaobao Wang, Xinming Zhang, Rongjun He, Jinchao Liu, Longhai Luo, Yingrui Li, Jun Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2014)
Hypoglycemic Convulsions Cause Serious Musculoskeletal Injuries in Patients With IDDM
Authors: David A Hepburn, Judith M Steel, Brian M Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Six diabetic patients are described who sustained serious musculoskeletal injuries during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The convulsions were associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia, superoptimal glycemic control, pregnancy, hypoglycemic unawareness, or errors in selfmanagement.
BSF‐2/IL‐6 does not augment lg secretion but stimulates proliferation in myeloma cells
Authors: Osamu Tanabe, Michio Kawano, Hideo Tanaka, Koji Iwato, Hideki Asaoku, Hideaki Ishikawa, Masaharu Nobuyoshi, Toshio Hirano, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Atsushi Kuramoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Human myeloma cells were highly purified from bone marrow aspirates of 21 patients with advanced immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐type multiple myeloma. B‐cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF‐2)/interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was originally characterized as a cytokine that can enhance immunoglobulin secretion from activated normal B cells and increase the expression of secretory‐type Ig mRNA in these B cells, but that does not augment proliferation of activated B cells. However, recombinant IL‐6 (rIL‐6) could not enhance M‐protein (IgG) secretion in freshly isolated myeloma cells in vitro but could augment proliferation of myeloma cells, although myeloma cells constitutively expressed IL‐6 receptors. Furthermore, expression of secretory‐type IgG (γ‐chain) mRNA in myeloma cells was not changed in the presence of IL‐6. These results show that IL‐6 is not an enhancing factor in Ig secretion from myeloma cells, and thus signal transduction through IL‐6 in myeloma cells may be altered as opposed to activated B cells.
Hostility and Doctor-Patient Interaction in Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: R.P.W. Fry, R.W. Stones
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: Interaction in medical consultations is of interest for many reasons and has long been thought an important variable in determining outcomes. Relatively few methods or instruments exist that attempt to access this phenomenon. The design, validation and possible application of a simple instrument to assess doctor-patient interaction are reported. Rapport and hostility may be related and we hypothesised that interaction between doctor and patient would be related in part to hostility. Methods: A simple instrument to assess doctor-patient interaction was designed based on 4 areas related to interaction and perception of'the other'. These were the areas of communication, rapport, trust and sense of ease. The instrument was compared with an external previously validated measure of hostility. Data were obtained from 74 women attending initial and follow-up consultations for chronic pelvic pain during the course of a larger study. Results: The instrument had acceptable reliability and a single-factor structure. Patients' assessment of the initial consultation as unsatisfactory correlated with inwardly directed hostility (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = 0.30, p = 0.011). Patients' tendency to rate the consultation worse than the doctor was correlated with inwardly directed hostility (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Pain outcomes were not directly related to the variables studied. Conclusions: This instrument offers a simple method of assessing some interactional aspects of a medical consultation.