tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Communicating necropsy results.
Authors: C G Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

enteritis."'The authors detail the oral therapy they used in terms of mmoUl.Mans! vears ago I was taught that the best oral rehydration solution was one that was made up of eight tablespoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt in one litre of water.Three glasses of this mixture were to be given after each stool.Does this simple, plain, and uncomplicated oral mixture, which could be understood by anyone, correspond to the glucose-electrolyte solution, measured in mmol/l, mentioned in the article?
Reversible Pulmonary Edema Following Cyclophosphamide Treatment
Authors: I. Maxwell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to report the occurrence of a case of acute reversible pulmonary edema with circulatory and renal failure following intravenous use of cyclophosphamide. A 60-year-old man presented with night sweats, weight loss, and abdominal discomfort of several weeks' duration, and hematemesis and melena of several hours' duration in October 1973. At laparotomy, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma involving the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes with invasion of the duodenojejunal flexure was found. Staging with bone scan, liver scan, liver function tests, chest x-ray examination, lymphangiogram, and blood and bone marrow examination revealed no other areas of involvement. Radiation in an inverted mantle field to a dose of 4,000 rads over a four-week period was given in November and December 1973. Chemotherapy with orally given prednisone, 50 mg twice daily for five days, and one dose each of cyclophosphamide, 500 mg intravenously, and vincristine, 2 mg
Human CalDAG-GEFI gene (<i>RASGRP2</i>) mutation affects platelet function and causes severe bleeding
Authors: Matthias Canault, Dorsaf Ghalloussi, Charlotte Grosdidier, Marie Guinier, Claire Perret, Nadjim Chelghoum, Marine Germain, Hana Raslova, Franck Peiretti, Pierre E. Morange, Noemie Saut, Xavier Pillois, Alan T. Nurden, François Cambien, Anne Pierres, Timo K. van den Berg, Taco W. Kuijpers, Marie-Christine Alessi, David-Alexandre Tregouet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

The nature of an inherited platelet disorder was investigated in three siblings affected by severe bleeding. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified the culprit mutation (cG742T) in the RAS guanyl-releasing protein-2 (RASGRP2) gene coding for calcium- and DAG-regulated guanine exchange factor-1 (CalDAG-GEFI). Platelets from individuals carrying the mutation present a reduced ability to activate Rap1 and to perform proper αIIbβ3 integrin inside-out signaling. Expression of CalDAG-GEFI mutant in HEK293T cells abolished Rap1 activation upon stimulation. Nevertheless, the PKC- and ADP-dependent pathways allow residual platelet activation in the absence of functional CalDAG-GEFI. The mutation impairs the platelet’s ability to form thrombi under flow and spread normally as a consequence of reduced Rac1 GTP-binding. Functional deficiencies were confined to platelets and megakaryocytes with no leukocyte alteration. This contrasts with the phenotype seen in type III leukocyte adhesion deficiency caused by the absence of kindlin-3. Heterozygous did not suffer from bleeding and have normal platelet aggregation; however, their platelets mimicked homozygous ones by failing to undergo normal adhesion under flow and spreading. Rescue experiments on cultured patient megakaryocytes corrected the functional deficiency after transfection with wild-type RASGRP2. Remarkably, the presence of a single normal allele is sufficient to prevent bleeding, making CalDAG-GEFI a novel and potentially safe therapeutic target to prevent thrombosis.
Molecules that modulate Apaf‐1 activity
Authors: Enrique Pérez‐Payá, Mar Orzáez, Laura Mondragón, Dennis Wolan, James A. Wells, Angel Messeguer, María J. Vicent
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Abstract Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a highly regulated cellular pathway, responsible for the elimination of cells in the organism that are no longer needed or extensively damaged. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis could be at the molecular basis of different diseases, either when it is insufficient or excessive. The formation of the macromolecular complex, apoptosome, is a key event in this pathway, which has also been defined as the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The apoptosome is a holoenzyme multiprotein complex formed by cytochrome c ‐activated apoptotic protease‐activating factor (Apaf‐1), dATP, and procaspase‐9. Recent studies have produced a wealth of information about the regulation and functions of Apaf‐1, but additional studies aimed at elucidating its role as a signaling device at the crosstalk between different signaling pathways are needed to take advantage for the development of modulators of apoptosis pathways and possible therapeutic applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31:649‐675, 2011
Pathogenic role of natural killer T and natural killer cells in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice is dependent on the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Mary Jane Masson, Leah D. Carpenter, Mary L. Graf, Lance R. Pohl
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in biological studies to dissolve drugs and enzyme inhibitors with low solubility. Although DMSO is generally thought of as being relatively inert, it can induce biological effects that are often overlooked. An example that highlights this potential problem is found in a recent report demonstrating a pathogenic role for natural killer T (NKT) and natural killer (NK) cells in acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) in C57Bl/6 mice in which DMSO was used to facilitate acetaminophen (APAP) dissolution. We report that NKT and NK cells do not play a pathologic role in AILI in C57Bl/6 mice in the absence of DMSO. Although AILI was significantly attenuated in mice depleted of NKT and NK cells prior to APAP treatment in the presence of DMSO, no such effect was observed when APAP was dissolved in saline. Because of this unexpected finding, the effects of DMSO on hepatic NKT and NK cells were subsequently investigated. When given alone, DMSO activated hepatic NKT and NK cells in vivo as evidenced by increased NKT cell numbers and higher intracellular levels of the cytotoxic effector molecules interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granzyme B in both cell types. Similarly, when used as a solvent for APAP, DMSO again increased NKT cell numbers and induced IFN-gamma and granzyme B expression in both cell types.These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated effect of DMSO on hepatic NKT and NK cells, suggesting that DMSO should be used cautiously in experiments involving these cells.
Call to Action: Promoting Domestic and Global Tobacco Control by Ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the United States
Authors: Tim K. Mackey, Bryan A. Liang, John P. Pierce, Laurent Huber, Chris Bostic
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Tim K. Mackey and colleagues outline why the United States should ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on chronic active hepatitis: a double blind controlled trial.
Authors: S Bar-Meir, Z Halpern, M Gutman, Z Shpirer, M Baratz, D Bass
Journal: Gut (1985)

Forty patients with biopsy proven chronic active hepatitis were studied, 22 received (+)-cyanidanol-3 in a dose of 3 g daily and 18 placebo. Side effects related to cyanidanol were fever (four patients), haemolysis (one patient) and urticaria (one patient). All side effects subsided on discontinuation of the medication. Cyanidanol had an effect no better than placebo on symptoms, laboratory tests, and histological findings on liver biopsy.
The effect of intermittent bundle branch block on the coupling interval of ventricular premature depolarizations.
Authors: S A Biliack, P Denes
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The mechanism of origin of ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) is explained by automaticity or reentry. We studied three patients with intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) and unifocal VPDs of right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology (assumed left ventricular origin). We examined the effect of different types of intraventricular conduction on the coupling intervals of the VPDs. Specifically, we proposed that the coupling intervals of VPDs would be longer during LBBB conduction of sinus beats (ipsilateral to the ventricle of origin of VPDs) compared with the coupling intervals during normal intraventricular conduction. We found that the coupling intervals during LBBB were significantly longer than those during normal conduction in all three cases (patient 1, 596 +/- 7 vs 484 +/- 5 msec; patient 2, 639 +/- 9 vs 534 +/- 11 msec; patient 3, 444 +/- 4 vs 382 +/- 9 msec) (p less than 0.005). We also examined the length of the preceding RR intervals and counted sinus beats intervening between successive VPDs (S values). One case demonstrated S values suggestive of concealed bigeminy; the other cases had S values suggesting concealed bigeminy and its variants. We have demonstrated that some VPDs are dependent on an initiating sinus beat. This dependence on a preceding beat is consistent with both a reentrant mechanism or triggered automaticity.
Acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and heart rate variability.
Authors: C A Pope, D J Eatough, D R Gold, Y Pang, K R Nielsen, P Nath, R L Verrier, R E Kanner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been associated with cardiovascular mortality. Pathophysiologic pathways leading from ETS exposure to cardiopulmonary disease are still being explored. Reduced cardiac autonomic function, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has been associated with cardiac vulnerability and may represent an important pathophysiologic mechanism linking ETS and risk of cardiac mortality. In this study we evaluated acute ETS exposure in a commercial airport with changes in HRV in 16 adult nonsmokers. We conducted ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring for 8-hr periods while participants alternated 2 hr in nonsmoking and smoking areas. Nicotine and respirable suspended particle concentrations and participants' blood oxygen saturation were also monitored. We calculated time and frequency domain measures of HRV for periods in and out of the smoking area, and we evaluated associations with ETS using comparative statistics and regression modeling. ETS exposure was negatively associated with all measures of HRV. During exposure periods, we observed an average decrement of approximately 12% in the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal heart beat intervals (an estimate of overall HRV). ETS exposures were not associated with mean heart rate or blood oxygen saturation. Altered cardiac autonomic function, assessed by decrements in HRV, is associated with acute exposure to ETS and may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking ETS exposure and increased cardiac vulnerability.
Epidemic measles in Shetland during 1977 and 1978.
Authors: J D Macgregor, J MacDonald, E A Ingram, M McDonnell, B Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1981)

During 1977 and 1978 an unusual epidemic of measles occurred in Shetland, affecting 1032 (5%) of the population. All age groups were represented, and 309 cases occurred in people over 15. Geographical distribution of notified cases ranged from 1% to over one-third of the population aged under 65. All the recognised complications occurred, with a significant excess of respiratory troubles (p less than 0 . 05). Complications were much less common in female patients (p less than 0 . 05). Only about 30% of children under 5 had been vaccinated against the disease, and, based on a sample population, vaccination was found to have had a protective effect of 92%. On cost effectiveness alone, uptake of vaccination by a community as susceptible as that of Shetland should clearly be encouraged and probably given high priority.
Cardiovascular Outcomes After the Arterial Switch Operation for D-Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Paul Khairy, Mathieu Clair, Susan M. Fernandes, Elizabeth D. Blume, Andrew J. Powell, Jane W. Newburger, Michael J. Landzberg, John E. Mayer
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Data regarding long-term outcomes after the arterial switch operation for D-transposition of the great arteries are scarce. Methods and Results— A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess cardiovascular outcomes after an arterial switch operation between 1983 and 1999. Patients without follow-up visits within 3 years were contacted and secondary sources of information obtained. Overall, 400 patients, 154 (38.3%) with a ventricular septal defect, 238 (59.5%) with an intact septum, and 9 (2.3%) with a Taussig-Bing anomaly, were followed for a median of 18.7 years. In perioperative survivors, overall and arrhythmia-free survival rates at 25 years were 96.7±1.8% and 96.6±0.1%, respectively. Late mortality was predominantly a result of sudden deaths and myocardial infarction. At 25 years, 75.5±2.5% remained free from surgical or catheter-based reintervention. Freedom from an adverse cardiovascular event was 92.9±1.9% at 25 years. Independent predictors were a single right coronary artery (hazard ratio, 4.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-15.90), P =0.0166) and postoperative heart failure (hazard ratio, 6.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-30.62; P =0.0107). At last follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was 60.3±8.9%, 97.3% had class I symptoms, and 5.2% obstructive coronary artery disease. Peak oxygen uptake was 35.1±7.6 mL/kg/min (86.1±15.1% predicted), with a chronotropic index &lt;80% in 34.2%. At least moderate neoaortic and pulmonary regurgitation were present in 3.4% and 6.6%, respectively, and more than mild neoaortic and pulmonary stenosis in 3.2% and 10.3%. Conclusions— Long-term and arrhythmia-free survival is excellent after arterial switch operation. Although sequelae include chronotropic incompetence and neoaortic, pulmonary, and coronary artery complications, most patients maintain normal systolic function and exercise capacity.
Kaposi s sarcoma virus implicated in primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The virus that is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, human herpesvirus 8, may be involved in the genesis of primary pulmonary hypertension, a new study says ( New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349:1113-22).

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare lung condition, affecting 2-3 people in a million, in which progressive dyspnoea and right heart failure occur secondary to an abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells in the blood vessels of the lungs. The diagnosis is made through exclusion, and the causes of the disease have been obscure.

Despite the association of …
Traitement endoscopique des sténoses malignes du hile: plaidoyer pour un drainge unilatéral par une seule prothèse métallique
Authors: E Ben Soussan, JF Lefebvre, C Pauphilet, F Cornud, D Bonnel, C Liguory
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Objectif: La prise en charge endoscopique palliative des ictères liés à une sténose maligne hilaire est complexe. De nombreuses équipes préconisent un drainage complet par voie endoscopique et ou radiologique. Notre étude rétrospective rapporte les succès techniques (pose d'une seule prothèse) et cliniques (régression de l'ictère), le suivi à long terme et les complications des patients traités par la pose d'une seule prothèse métallique expansive (PME) par voie endoscopique en fonction du stade évolutif et du lobe drainé.
Adrenal Gland Imaging with Multiplane Tomography
Authors: HEINZ W. WAHNER, THOMAS C. HAMMELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Multiplane tomography can be employed successfully to image the adrenal glands after the intravenous administration of 6β-131I-iodomethyl-19-nor cholest-5(10)-en-3β-ol (NP-59). The tomographic display allows separation of the adrenal glands from other organs that often obscure the adrenal image when gamma cameras are used and the depth of the adrenal glands may be determined without obtaining lateral views.
Retraining Inactive Clinicians: A Personal Experience
Authors: Ernest B. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The article by Escovitz and Woodside in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2139) interested me because I am a retrained physician who has served some 37 years in a variety of medical administrative posts (most recently as executive vice-president of the American Medical Association, 1968-1974) before returning to clinical practice.  I began my transition back to clinical medicine at the age of 65 years, following my retirement from the AMA staff. The first step was a three-month intensive course given at St Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ. Although the course was designed for foreign medical graduates, the director permitted me to take it. The lectures, which began with the basic sciences and extended through the specialties, provided a comprehensive refresher course and a reentry route to current medicine.  The second phase of my retraining was a three-year residency in dermatology at Billings Hospital, University of Chicago, which was completed
CORTICOTROPIN (ACTH) IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE SUBACROMIAL BURSITIS
Authors: Charles LeRoy Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The multiplicity of successful treatments advocated for subacromial bursitis indicates that failures are common. Various treatments that have been used are injection of the subacromial bursa with procaine hydrochloride, iron cacodylate injections, short wave local treatment, hot moist packs, immobilization, surgical excision of the bursa, radiation therapy, and manipulation of the shoulder with the patient under a general anesthetic. Radiation therapy has been more or less accepted as being the most efficacious treatment for acute subacromial bursitis. Meyerding and Ivins 1 stated that acute lesions have responded to roentgen treatment in contrast to failure in cases of more chronic lesions. Forty of the 150 patients in their series were treated with roentgen rays. Lattomus and Hunter 2 found that the best results were obtained in the cases of acute disease, either first attacks or acute exacerbations of a chronic condition. Leucutia (in Portmann 3 ) stated that the severe pain in
Waiting lists leave leftish health minister waiting
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In Australia “true believers” is a term that causes the political right to sneer and those on the left to prickle, wearing what is intended as a slur with pride. The label refers to those who doggedly cling to the socialist and communitarian ideals of the Labor party, such as the pursuit of equity. To those on the right true believers are conservatives holding back progress--which in health care translates roughly into anything that encourages more private health care insurance.

The election of Labor to power in New South Wales in March this year brought a stalwart true believer, Dr Andrew Refshauge, into the ministries for health and Aboriginal affairs. The state's first medically qualified health minister since the …
Doctor on D-Day
Authors: Claude Matuchansky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

On Being a Doctor5 June 2001Doctor on D-DayClaude Matuchansky, MDClaude Matuchansky, MDLariboisière University Hospital; 75010 Paris, France (Matuchansky)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-11-200106050-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was 6 p.m. on a Monday in June 1944. Dr. Jacques Rethel completed a clinical examination of his patient, then quickly made his assessment: “His belly is tense and rigid; he's been vomiting and feverish for the past 24 hours. He bears no appendectomy scar, and his Douglas cul-de-sac is very tender.”“Jacques,” the doctor said to himself, “Analyze his symptoms properly. This is no time for mistakes … .”Dr. Rethel addressed his patient soberly, without ceremony. “Major Preiller, you obviously have acute appendicitis and, most likely, the onset of peritonitis. You need emergency surgery.”Jacques Rethel was ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lariboisière University Hospital; 75010 Paris, France (Matuchansky)Corresponding Author: Claude Matuchansky, MD, Gastroenterology and Nutritional Support Unit, Lariboisière University Hospital, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 11Page: 1075-1076KeywordsEmotionsFeversKneesPeritonitisRunningScarsSportsSurgeonsSurgeryVomiting ePublished: 5 June 2001 Issue Published: 5 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A patient with platelets deficient in glycoprotein VI that lack both collagen-induced aggregation and adhesion.
Authors: M Moroi, S M Jung, M Okuma, K Shinmyozu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Molecular level studies on platelets deficient in collagen-induced aggregation provide evidence for identifying possible platelet collagen receptors. We investigated platelets from a patient with mild bleeding time prolongation, but otherwise normal coagulation data. Her platelets lacked collagen-induced aggregation and adhesion, but retained normal aggregation and release by other agonists. Labeling her platelets with 125I or 3H and analysis by SDS-PAGE/autoradiography showed normal levels of glycoproteins Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IV. However, there were significantly decreased incorporations of both radioactivities into a 61-kD membrane glycoprotein (GP), which was identified as GPVI from its mobility on unreduced-reduced, two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Sugiyama et al. (1987. Blood. 69: 1712) reported that the serum from an idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patient contained an antibody against a 62-kD platelet protein. Our patient's platelets lacked the antigen for the ITP patient's antibody, demonstrating that the ITP serum contains a specific antibody against GPVI. The patient's parents' platelets contained approximately 50% the normal amount of GPVI, but still had normal collagen-induced aggregation and adhesion. The patient's platelets did not bind to types I and III collagen fibrils. Our results suggest that GPVI functions as a collagen receptor.
Indium-111 platelet scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography for detection of left ventricular thrombus: Influence of clot size and age
Authors: James E. Seabold, Erwin Schröder, Gary R. Conrad, James Ponto, Phillip Bruch, Daniel Petersen, Jann Johnson, Robert Kieso, Michelle Hunt, John D. Olson, Richard E. Kerber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Prior intensive insulin treatment reduced long-term risk for peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mario Di Napoli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, et al. Effect of prior intensive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:1090-6. 20150297
1172 GENETIC VARIATION IN IL28B RS 12979860 AND RESPONSE TO HCV-SPECIFIC TREATMENT IN HCV/HIV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: H.D. Nischalke, M. Vogel, M. Michalk, S. Mauss, A. Baumgarten, U. Naumann, H.-J. Stellbrink, M. Danta, C. Tural, R. Bruno, B. Krämer, C. Körner, D. Schulte, M. Eisenhardt, A. Glässner, T. Sauerbruch, J.K. Rockstroh, U. Spengler, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)