tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covert REM sleep effects on REM mentation: Further methodological considerations and supporting evidence
Authors: Tore A. Nielsen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Whereas many researchers see a heuristic potential in the covert REM sleep model for explaining NREM sleep mentation and associated phenomena, many others are unconvinced of its value. At present, there is much circumstantial support for the model, but validation is lacking on many points. Supportive findings from several additional studies are summarized with results from two new studies showing (1) NREM mentation is correlated with duration of prior REM sleep, and (2) REM sleep signs (eye movements, phasic EMG) occur frequently in NREM sleep. The covert REM sleep model represents one class of explanatory models that combines the two assumptions of mind-body isomorphism and a 1-gen mentation generator; its future development will depend largely upon a more detailed understanding of sleep state interactions and their contribution to mind-body isomorphisms.
Alterations in hemostasis associated with hyperthermia in a canine model
Authors: Kathryn A. Diehl, Emily Crawford, Paul D. Shinko, Richard D. Tallman, Michael J. Oglesbee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Use of hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer and viral infection has received renewed interest. However, the in vivo relationship between hyperthermia and direct versus indirect effects upon hemostasis are incompletely defined, although we do know that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common sequel to heat stroke. The purpose of the present study was to more precisely define the relationship between hyperthermia and derangements of hemostasis, thereby providing a guideline for the development of safe hyperthermia treatment regimens. The present investigation examined the in vivo effects of high-grade whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) (42.5°C, 90 min) on hemostasis in a canine model. Induction of hyperthermia via extracorporeal circulation of heated blood (ECC-WBH) caused thrombocytopenia, increased plasma fibrin degradation products (FDPs), prolonged clotting times, increased serum liver enzymes, and evidence of spontaneous bleeding. However, when WBH was induced by peritoneal lavage (PL-WBH), transient thrombocytopenia was the only significant alteration. Temporal correlation between hemostatic alterations and elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the ECC-WBH treatment group suggested that liver injury is responsible, at least in part, for the coagulopathy associated with high-grade hyperthermia and that in the absence of liver injury, identical degrees of hyperthermia cause only incidental decreases in platelet numbers. Am. J. Hematol. 64:262–270, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
SMALLPOX AND VACCINIA.
Authors: THEODORE C. MERRILL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In an experience with smallpox limited to the town of Colorado and occurring between the dates of April 7 and May 20, 1907, the following conditions were encountered. They are interesting as confirming previous observations as to the coincidence of variola and vaccinia. There were in all six cases of smallpox, five of which presented the coincidence above referred to. The sixth case was mild smallpox unmodified by vaccination and irrelevant to this report. The patient in the first case was isolated as soon as the disease was determined and some eleven people who had been exposed were segregated in a detention camp and vaccinated. After three or four days in every instance the typical sore developed. Within twelve days after exposure to smallpox, and with a well-defined vaccination sore, five of the segregated persons presented the papular rash of smallpox, which rapidly proceeded to the vesicular and pustular stages.
Toward Individualized Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tapan M. Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in its clinical presentation, response to therapy, and overall prognosis. For decades, pretreatment karyotype evaluation has served to identify subgroups for risk-adapted postremission therapy, but the initial treatment approach has been largely unchanged. With continued advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of AML, we have discovered even more diversity and are starting to understand the biological underpinnings of these multiple disease entities. Newer therapies are being developed to address the pathophysiology within these individual AML subsets. This review categorizes AML into biologically defined groups based on currently available data and describes the evolving treatment approaches within these groups. Identifying the genetic abnormalities and biological drivers prior to AML treatment will be important as we work to individualize therapy and improve outcomes.
Large granular lymphocytes in the liver
Authors: Stephen P. James
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Considerable numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were isolated from rat liver by a simple method consisting of sinusoidal lavage at elevated (50 cm water column) perfusion pressure. This method gave a yield comparable with the enzymatic dissociation method commonly used for the isolation of nonparenchymal liver cells, but was shorter in time and had the advantage of avoiding the potentially harmful effects of the dissociating enzymes. The isolated LGL were highly cytotoxic against YAC-1 lymphoma cells and this cytolytic activity was blocked by treatment of the effector cells with an antibody against natural killer cells (anti-asialo GMI). We characterized the hepatic LGL as nonphagocytic, nonadherent, per-oxidase-negative and acid phosphatase-positive cells which could be enriched in the low-density fraction of a Percoll gradient. At the light micro- scopic level, they showed characteristic azuro- philic granules, which corresponded to strongly osmiophilic granules with a specific morphology in electron microscopy. It is concluded that these LGL are identical to the “pit cells” which were formerly described by electron microscopy in situ as normal components of the liver sinusoids and which are easily recognized by their fine structure. It is also proposed that the liver may represent one of the major natural killer organs.
Malathion Exposure Associated With Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Ronald K. Albright
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Organophosphates, basic ingredients of common garden insecticides, have not been associated with renal toxicity in humans.<sup>1,2</sup>We wish to report a case of acute renal insufficiency with massive proteinuria after exposure to the organophosphate malathion. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 65-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of swelling of his legs. Four weeks before admission, he began spraying intensively with malathion and noted intermittent inhalation and skin exposure. Three weeks before admission, he noted an increase in weight and, subsequently, peripheral edema. He had a five-year history of diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. He intermittently took cimetidine for dyspepsia. He denied use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Physical examination disclosed a BP of 150/95 mm Hg, no diabetic retinopathy, gross peripheral edema, and the following values: creatinine, 5.0 mg/dL; serum urea nitrogen, 50 mg/dL; cholesterol, 388 mg/ dL; and albumin, 1.8 g/dL. Urinalysis revealed 4+
Deafness after Topical Neomycin Wound Irrigation
Authors: David R. Kelly, Ernest R. Nilo, Ronald B. Berggren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

PROFOUND loss of hearing after the intravenous or intramuscular use of neomycin was reported shortly after the initial clinical introduction of the drug.1 The impairment of hearing caused by extended oral administration and colonic irrigation has been reported more recently.2 3 4 Currently, there is a trend toward the use of "topical" antibiotic solutions in the local treatment of infected or granulating wounds. One antibiotic considered for these "topical" purposes has been neomycin.5 One specific technic is to treat osteomyelitic wounds with antibiotic solution by intermittent irrigation through surgically placed polyethylene catheters.6 This report describes the apparent absorption potential of granulating wounds . . .
Cases of acute and severe malnutrition in Somalia rise "exponentially"
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Malnutrition rates have risen exponentially in parts of Somalia because of the worsening food situation, the country’s top United Nations humanitarian official has warned. More than 200 000 acutely malnourished children, of whom 60 000 have severe malnutrition, need immediate treatment, he said.

Unicef estimates that Somalia could see more than 330 000 cases of acute malnutrition, including 96 000 cases of severe malnutrition, among children this year and says that the situation “calls for a strong and expanded response.”

“Children will die and children are dying through malnutrition and diarrhoeal diseases,” …
Validation of a self administered questionnaire to elicit gastrointestinal symptoms.
Authors: E M Chisholm, F T de Dombal, G R Giles
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Self administered questionnaires are becoming popular investigative tools in medical research, yet few reports state the extent of methods used to validate these questionnaires before their general use. A pilot study was therefore carried out to validate a 41 item questionnaire for use in a population screening study for gastrointestinal disease. Participants in the study comprised 69 population controls, 40 patients with benign disease, and 35 patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Acceptability, ease of completion, reliability, and reproducibility of the questionnaire were all assessed. Only one subject refused to complete the questionnaire. Ninety six per cent of the questions were completed by each subject and only one response in 1440 was altered in the reproducibility study. The questionnaire disclosed symptoms similar to those elicited by a clinician and highlighted unreported gastrointestinal symptoms in the control group. Three questions were found to be unreliable and were altered before the questionnaire was put into general use. It is concluded that a pilot study to validate a new questionnaire is simple to perform and necessary to identify unreliable questions.
Most Americans are opposed to cutting funding for health reform law
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Although more Americans say they have an unfavorable view of the Affordable Care Act than say they have a favorable view, a solid majority say they oppose cutting off funding to block the law’s implementation, a new poll has found.

In the poll, 42% of those surveyed said that they had an unfavorable view of the act, while 37% said that they held a favorable view, but 69% said that they opposed efforts …
Effect of brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide on coronary artery diameter and coronary hemodynamic variables in humans: Comparison with effects on systemic hemodynamic variables
Authors: Ken Okumura, Hirofumi Yasue, Hiromi Fujii, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Kozaburo Matsuyama, Michihiro Yoshimura, Michihisa Jougasaki, Koichi Kikuta, Hideji Kato, Hidenori Tanak, Hitoshi Sumida, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The States of Copper in Serum.
Authors: I. H. Scheinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The States of Copper in Serum.I. H. Scheinberg, M.D., C. J. A. van den Hamer, Ph.D., A. G. Morell, M.S., J. Windsor, B.S.I. H. Scheinberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. J. A. van den Hamer, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. G. Morell, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, J. Windsor, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-719_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn normal healthy adults each milliliter of serum contains close to 1 μg of copper. Almost all of this is present as an integral part of the molecule of ceruloplasmin, a copper-protein of serum. There is a small portion, about a tenth, of the total serum copper that is not part of ceruloplasmin and that is probably loosely bound to albumin.A precise and accurate determination of the non-ceruloplasmin copper of serum is difficult, since it represents the relatively small difference between total serum copper and ceruloplasmin-copper. We have attempted to analyze, for copper, the supernatant portion of samples of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: I. H. Scheinberg, M.D.; C. J. A. van den Hamer, Ph.D.; A. G. Morell, M.S.; J. Windsor, B.S.Affiliations: New York, N. Y. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 719-719KeywordsSerum albumin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence of circulating antibodies against the hepatitis C virus among different risk groups in Spain
Authors: JC López-Talavera, JI Esteban, L Viladomiu, JM Hernández, V Vargas, M Roget, A. González, M Buti, R Esteban, J Guardia, G Kuo, M Houghton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Natural family planning. Depends on consumers not providers.
Authors: J Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1993)

good of all, and above all, for the protection of the weak."2I submit that, no matter how appealing a marketplace model may seem for the NHS, it is a business model.As such the destruction of either purchaser or provider is eventually certain, with the barbarisation of the survivor.It is not too late for consortiums of purchasers and consortiums of providers to join forces and become one NHS again.
Should A1C Targets Be Individualized for All People With Diabetes?
Authors: Hwee Teoh, Philip Home, Lawrence A. Leiter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Diabetes guidelines and organizations typically advocate a target glycated hemoglobin (A1C) value of 6.5–7.0% but highlight that glycemic management must be individualized. Whereas individualization of both glycemic targets and management is appealing to the clinician as a way of potentially maximizing benefit while minimizing risk, there is little evidence that such an approach will bring more patients to target. It may be argued that this approach could contribute to fewer patients attaining optimal glycemic targets. Nonetheless, the results of recent large outcome trials clearly highlight the fact that individual glycemic target achievement varied markedly, with some patients apparently deriving more clinical benefit and others deriving more harm. At the same time, there is ongoing evidence of a treatment gap in many surveys of clinical practice and a suggestion that algorithm-driven protocols may be more effective. Collectively, therefore, the currently available evidence suggests that algorithm-driven protocols that incorporate individualized targets based on patient characteristics designed to preserve a sound balance between the benefits and risk of good glycemic control may be an appropriate way of getting more patients to target in a safe and effective manner.

Over 280 million people worldwide are known to have diabetes (1), and this number is projected to grow to 438 million by 2030 (2). Current diabetes treatment guidelines (3–9) encourage a multifaceted therapeutic approach (10,11). Central to these recommendations is early diagnosis and active intervention to realize and maintain glycemic control, with the aim of stopping the development of microvascular complications, reducing the risk of macrovascular events, and ameliorating the symptoms of acute hyperglycemia (7,10–17).

The prognostic significance of A1C in regard to the incidence of diabetes complications, and the risk reductions associated with improvements in A1C, have been documented in both type 1 (12, …
The Incomputable Factor in Cancer Prognosis
Authors: G. Gordon-Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The subject I have chosen for this address is one of which I believe that Mitchell Banks might have expressed approval, since the special contribution to surgery for which posterity now justly acclaims him dealt with cancer and he repeatedly insisted on the necessity for appropriate surgery for this malady.To myself Mitchell Banks has long been a legendary figure of unusual interest, since in the exact moment of his arrival on the surgical stage and in the date of his first appeal, an appeal to be oft reiterated, for more radical surgery in cancer, especially in relation to mammary cancer, he stands intermediate between two Middlesex Hospital surgeons of former years.Charles Hewitt Moore (1821-70) became lecturer in anatomy and junior surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital at the phenomenally early age of 26.In 1867 Moore drew attention to the utter inadequacy of the operations that were being performed at that time for malignant disease.This epochal communication of Moore had the effect of determining Christopher Heath (1871, 1898), of University College Hospital, to remove the axillary glands when enlarged in breast cancer, but it was Banks (1878) who emphasized the importance and need of clearing the axilla, whether the glands were palpable or not.Hard on the heels of Banks followed Alfred Pearce Gould (1882, 1892, 1910), whose private assistant I was for the nine years that preceded the outbreak of the 1914-18 war, who since 1880 had in his surgical practice embraced the tenets laid down by Banks in 1878 and who had reaffirmed them before the Medical Society of London in 1882." A. P. G." throughout a long life of surgical teaching never failed, as I remember, to ascribe to Banks the credit of the extended operation for mammary cancer, including the systematic removal of the axillary glands in every case.The stupidity and rank hostility of contemporaries, especially those in London, did not deter Banks from continuing on the course that he was convinced to be correct: but it required surgical propaganda, with all the glamour that inevitably arises from a transatlantic source, to convert those who had hitherto deliberately and obstinately closed their ears and eyes to the results of British endeavour.
China plans antismoking clinics
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

China is planning a national chain of antismoking clinics, according to a report.

Smoking habits among key groups, including doctors and teachers, are to be surveyed beforehand, says the report in the Chinese Medical Journal (2008;121:402).

According to the report, the survey, to be carried out later this year, will look at smoking in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities.

“The goal is to have at least one outpatient facility in each province, where smokers would be offered a combination of medical and …
Prompt diagnosis of multiple sclerosis should be routine, says NICE
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS) should be referred to a neurologist, and existing patients should have a comprehensive review of their care every year, new guidance has said.

Other key recommendations in the guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) included offering MS patients access to multidisciplinary care with physiotherapists, occupational therapists, specialist nurses, and neurologists, and a single point of contact with whom they can raise concerns.1

Speaking at a press briefing to launch the guidance, Paul Cooper, consultant neurologist at the Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre and chair of the guideline development group, said that inequalities in the care of MS patients across England and Wales needed to be tackled urgently.

“Currently some people are receiving excellent care and support, but others around the …
RIPENING OF IMMATURE CATARACTS BY DIRECT TRITURATION.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: BOERNE BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Six years have elapsed since I first called the attention of the profession to my operation for ripening immature cataract. During this time I have had excellent opportunities to study the indications for this procedure and to note its immediate and later effects. I have made known my observations in three papers, and my main object in presenting another to-day is to call attention to a few more features and to elicit a discussion from a representative body of specialists. The most important question, the raison d'être of the operation will first occupy our attention. Is the operation justifiable? Knapp in his paper on cataracts read before this section last year says: "Preliminary ripening operations are, in my opinion, almost always superfluous. I prefer the risk of extracting an unripe cataract to that of any ripening method with which I have become acquainted. The leaving of remnants behind has, in
p73-Dependent Apoptosis through Death Receptor: Impairment by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Jérôme Terrasson, Sophie Allart, Hélène Martin, Jacqueline Lulé, Hedi Haddada, Daniel Caput, Christian Davrinche
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The discovery of p73, a p53-related protein with various isotypes resulting from different promoter usage or splicing events, provided new insights into regulation of neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. Among p73 isoforms described thus far, TA-truncated molecules (DeltaN) appeared as key proteins according to their antagonistic activity against transcription factor activity of p53 family members. We previously showed that infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induced drug resistance and altered p53- and p73-dependent apoptosis of infected cells through accumulation of DeltaN-p73alpha. In accordance with the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis through death receptors, we asked whether p73 activation could compensate for p53 deficiency. We showed that p73 transcriptional activity sensitized cells to apoptosis through death receptors in a caspase-dependent pathway. Expression of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) proteins was unchanged, whereas p73 activation through either cisplatin treatment or ectopic overexpression induced up-regulation of Fas transcription and expression at cell surface. According to its ability to flood cells with DeltaN-p73alpha, HCMV inhibited p73-dependent Fas-mediated apoptosis, gaining an additional trick to favor its survival in the host cell. Owing to the involvement of p53- and p73-dependent death receptor signaling in development of the central nervous system, immune surveillance of neural cells, and sensitivity of tumors to drugs, our previous and present data prompt us to consider stabilization of DeltaN-p73alpha by HCMV as a possible mechanism in impairment of embryogenesis and in tumorigenesis.
Toxic Reactions to Chlordiazepoxide
Authors: Frederick Lemere
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The search for a drug that will reduce anxiety and nervous tension without intoxication or the risk of excessive self-medication has resulted in the release of many new "tranquilizing" agents. Among these is chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium), which has been advertised as producing tranquilization without sedation. Although this compound has generally been effective without many side-effects, an occasional patient will react adversely, especially to a higher dosage. The following case reports are examples of this. <h3>Reports of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 52-year-old man was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of 20 mg. of chlordiazepoxide, four times daily. Except for some residual nervous tension, he had responded well to 6 electroshock treatments for a non-psychotic depression. After taking 80 mg. of chlordiazepoxide daily for 10 days, his wife telephoned and said that he was acting as though he were intoxicated, although he was not drinking any alcohol or taking any