tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Adhesion to the Coronary Microvasculature During Ischemia and Reperfusion in an In Vivo Canine Model
Authors: Frank M. Sheridan, Paul G. Cole, David Ramage
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Prompt reperfusion of ischemic myocardium or myocardium that is in the process of becoming infarcted is a cornerstone of current therapy for coronary artery disease. Paradoxically, experimental evidence suggests that cardiac damage may be caused by the reperfusion itself. Leukocyte attachment to the coronary vascular endothelium during reperfusion may be an initiating step in this detrimental process. Leukocyte adhesion to microvascular endothelium has never been demonstrated directly in a cardiac model of ischemia and reperfusion. Methods and Results Fluorescent videomicroscopy through a special “floating” objective that allows a series of lenses to move in unison with the beating dog heart was used on the left ventricular surface of open-chest dogs. Epicardial microvessels (25 to 130 μm), in focus throughout the cardiac cycle, were recorded after infusion of acridine orange (to fluorescently label leukocytes) during either 1 hour of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, 3 hours of ischemia, or 3 hours of no ischemia. The amount of net fluorescence recorded along microvessel walls, which represented leukocyte accumulation, significantly increased in dogs during reperfusion (n=8) compared with the same time period in the animals that were kept ischemic (n=5) (21.0±3.8 versus 10.9±4.5 gray scale; P =.0001). The rapid increase in fluorescence during reperfusion was also significantly different from values in the same group during the preceding period of ischemia (21.0±3.8 versus 5.1±2.1 gray scale; P =.0001), whereas no significant increase was seen over the same time periods in the animals that remained ischemic throughout the protocol. Conclusions Reperfusion, compared with ischemia alone, promotes the rapid accumulation of leukocytes in the coronary microvasculature of dogs.
Lung Cancer Staging With Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Techniques
Authors: Neal Navani
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What are odds?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We have previously reported that peptide 88-99 of histone H4 represents a minimal T cell epitope recognized by Th cells from nonautoimmune BALB/c (H-2<sup>d/d</sup>) mice immunized with nucleosomes. In this study, we tested a panel of overlapping peptides spanning the whole sequences of H4 and H3 for recognition by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from unprimed (New Zealand Black (NZB) × New Zealand White (NZW))F<sub>1</sub> lupus mice (H-2<sup>d/z</sup>). None of the 11 H4 peptides was recognized by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from (NZB × NZW)F<sub>1</sub> mice. In contrast, these cells proliferated and secreted IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation with H3 peptides representing sequences 53-70, 64-78, and 68-85. Peptides 56-73 and 61-78 induced the production of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively, without detectable proliferation, suggesting that they may act as partial agonist of the TCR. Th cells from unprimed BALB/c mice and other lupus-prone mice such as SNF<sub>1</sub> (H-2<sup>d/q</sup>) and MRL/<i>lpr</i> (H-2<sup>k/k</sup>) mice did not recognize any peptides present within the H3 region 53-85. We further demonstrated that immunization of normal BALB/c mice with syngeneic liver nucleosomes and spleen apoptotic cells, but not with nonapoptotic syngeneic cells, induced Th cell responses against several peptides of the H3 region 53-85. Moreover, we found that this conserved region of H3, which is accessible at the surface of nucleosomes, is targeted by Abs from (NZB × NZW)F<sub>1</sub> mice and lupus patients, and contains motifs recognized by several distinct HLA-DR molecules. It might thus be important in the self-tolerance breakdown in lupus.
Poorest people are more likely to die in hospital
Authors: N. Smallwood
Journal: BMJ (2010)

People on low incomes are more likely to die in hospital than are the richest people, a report on care at the end of life in England has shown.

The report, published by the National End of Life Care Intelligence Network, found that 62% of the most deprived fifth of the population and 55% of the most affluent fifth die in hospital. 

It shows cause of death to be an important determinant of place of death: 69% of people with respiratory disease die in hospital, whereas only 48% of people who die from cancer do. The proportion …
Xerostomia in Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Gerald L. Schall
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Sequential salivary scintigraphy, or the visual recording with a gamma scintillation camera of the uptake, concentration, and excretion of<sup>99m</sup>Tc pertechnetate by the major salivary glands after the administration of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m, was performed on 20 female patients with Sjögren's syndrome. The results were compared with those of other procedures currently used to evaluate xerostomia. The scintigraphic findings closely paralleled the results of the salivary flow-rate determinations and contrast sialography and the patients' clinical symptoms, but did not correlate with the finding of lymphocytic infiltration in lip biopsy specimens or the detection of the anti-salivaryduct antibody. The scintigraphic examination proved to be extremely sensitive in depicting small asymmetric differences in parotid gland activity and in monitoring the improvement in salivary gland function with immunosuppressive therapy. Sequential salivary scintigraphy appears to be an easy, safe, and objective means of evaluating xerostomia in patients with Sjögen's syndrome.
Treating behavioural and psychological signs in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: C. Ballard, J. O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dementia is a prominent healthcare issue for primary care physicians and specialist services. Over 90% of patients with dementia experience a “behaviour disturbance,”1 often referred to as behavioural or psychological signs in dementia in accordance with the recommendation of the International Psychogeriatric Association. These symptoms are distressing to patients and troublesome to carers and often precipitate admission to residential facilities.1 What is the evidence that any of the several drugs that are currently used to treat these symptoms are effective?

Managing the behavioural and psychological signs of dementia is a major problem for healthcare professionals. Neuroleptic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment, although their use is justified largely on the basis of clinical anecdote, and they have many harmful side effects. These include parkinsonism, drowsiness, tardive dyskinesia, falls, accelerated cognitive decline,2 and severe neuroleptic sensitivity reactions.3 It is therefore not surprising that the chief medical officer has recommended judicious use of these agents in patients with dementia.4

In 1990 Schneider published a landmark study showing the paucity of large, placebo controlled, double …
Unfavorable Effect of Smoking on the Elastic Properties of the Human Aorta
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Costas Stratos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Christos Pitsavos, Stelios Marakas, Harisios Boudoulas, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because previous studies have shown that smoking affects vasomotor response, we hypothesized that smoking may also acutely alter aortic elastic properties. Methods and Results We studied 40 male current and long-term smokers who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for chest-pain evaluation. Twenty subjects (age, 48±2 years, mean±SEM) were randomly assigned to smoking and 20 (age, 47±2 years) to sham smoking studies. Aortic elastic properties were studied with the determination of the aortic pressure-diameter relation before smoking, every minute for the first 5 minutes after the initiation of smoking or sham smoking, and every 5 minutes for the following 15 minutes. Instantaneous diameter of the thoracic aorta was measured with a special ultrasonic dimension catheter developed in our laboratory and previously validated. Instantaneous aortic pressure was measured at the same site as was diameter with a Millar micromanometer. Smoking was associated with significant changes in the aortic pressure-diameter relation that denote deterioration of the elastic properties and were maintained during the whole study period: the slope of the pressure-diameter loop became steeper (baseline, 35.43±1.38; minute 1, 45.26±1.65; peak at minute 10, 46.36±1.69 mm Hg/mm; P &lt;.001) and aortic distensibility decreased (baseline, 2.08±0.12; minute 1, 1.60±0.08; nadir at minute 5, 1.54±0.07×10 −6 cm 2 ·dyne −1 ; P &lt;.001). In contrast, no changes in aortic elasticity indexes were observed with sham smoking. Conclusions Smoking is associated with an acute deterioration of aortic elastic properties. This effect of smoking may contribute to the unfavorable consequences of smoking on the cardiovascular system.
Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma development in hepatitis B virus transfected mice by low dietary casein
Authors: Z Cheng, J Hu, J King, G Jay, T C Campbell
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In a comprehensive human ecological study, primary liver cancer has been shown to be highly significantly associated with 1) the prevalence of persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 2) plasma cholesterol concentrations that are, in turn, associated with the consumption of animal based foods. In rat studies, aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma is substantially prevented by decreasing the intake of animal based protein (casein), a hypercholesterolemic nutrient. Thus the development of primary liver cancer associated with persistent HBV infection or with aflatoxin exposure may be controlled by reduced intake of animal-based proteins. Transgenic mice transfected with an HBV gene fragment containing the viral transactivator of hepatis B virus, HBx, which induces the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma, were used to examine the ability of dietary casein to modify tumor formation. Reducing the concentration of dietary casein to 6% from the traditional level of 22% markedly inhibited (by 75%) hepatic tumor formation in these transgenic mice. Tumor development also was substantially altered by interchanging dietary casein concentration well after tumor development had begun (at 8 months), increasing by 173% from the expected yield when casein intake was increased and decreasing by 99% when casein was reduced. These findings suggest that the development of liver tumor formation among individuals persistently infected with HBV may be controlled by minimizing or eliminating the intake of animal protein-based foods.
H2-DMα−/− Mice Show the Importance of Major Histocompatibility Complex–Bound Peptide in Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Nathan J. Felix, W. June Brickey, Robert Griffiths, Jinghua Zhang, Luc Van Kaer, Thomas Coffman, Jenny P.-Y. Ting
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The role played by antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is evaluated with H2-DMα−/− mice. These mice have predominantly class II–associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)-, not antigenic peptide–bound, MHC class II. H2-DMα−/− donor heart grafts survived three times longer than wild-type grafts and slightly longer than I-Aβb−/− grafts. Proliferative T cell response was absent, and cytolytic response was reduced against the H2-DMα−/− grafts in vivo. Residual cytolytic T cell and antibody responses against intact MHC class I lead to eventual rejection. Removal of both H2-DMα and β2-microglobulin (β2m) in cardiac grafts lead to greater (8–10 times) graft survival, whereas removal of β2m alone did not have any effect. These results demonstrate the significance of peptide rather than just allogeneic MHC, in eliciting graft rejection.
Executive Vice-President's Address
Authors: F. J. L. Blasingame
Journal: JAMA (1965)

I appreciate the privilege of speaking to the House, and I do so on behalf of the staff. I am grateful for the assistance I have received from staff in the preparation of this report. I count this presentation as an opportunity to review, for the benefit of this responsible body, our activities as an association. I understand and appreciate the complexity of the duties of the House, and the difficulties involved in discharging those duties. I recall my service as a member of the House of Delegates from 1944 until 1949, before I was elected to the Board of Trustees. Members of the House, who regularly meet only twice a year, do a remarkable job of digesting and evaluating Association programs and problems. It is not easy. Keeping pace with developments in the AMA, even by the most interested physician, is as difficult as keeping abreast of the mushrooming
NON INVASIVE LUNG IMPEDANCE MONITORING IN THE OUTPATIENT CLINIC FACILITATES THE PREDICTION OF HOSPITALIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE AND ENABLES EARLY THERAPY TO PREVENT HOSPITALIZATIONS
Authors: Michael Shochat, Avraham Shotan, David Blondhaim, Mark Kazatsker, Vladimir Gurovich, Aya Asif, Lubov Vasilenko, Elena Neiman, Aaron Frimerman, Paul Rabinovich, Simcha Meisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Early Stent Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Drug-Eluting and Bare Metal Stents
Authors: Jiro Aoki, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Jeffery Moses, Michel E. Bertrand, Brent T. McLaurin, David A. Cox, A. Michael Lincoff, E. Magnus Ohman, Harvey D. White, Helen Parise, Martin B. Leon, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The clinical and angiographic predictors of early (<30 days) stent thrombosis (ST) have not been reported in high-risk patients with acute coronary syndromes.Qualitative and quantitative coronary angiographic analyses were performed in 3405 patients with moderate- and high-risk acute coronary syndromes in whom stents were implanted in the prospective randomized Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial, including 3043 patients (89.4%) in whom drug-eluting stents were implanted. Within 30 days, definite or probable ST occurred in 48 patients (1.4%). ST rates were not significantly different in patients treated with bare metal stents compared with drug-eluting stents (1.4% versus 1.4%; P=1.00) or with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (1.1%) compared with bivalirudin with or without IIb/IIIa inhibitors (1.6% and 1.5%, respectively; P=0.26 and P=0.37, respectively). Compared with patients without ST, patients with ST more frequently had insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus and baseline renal insufficiency, a greater overall burden of coronary atherosclerosis, and suboptimal final angiographic results. ST also was more common in patients without preprocedural thienopyridine administration and with inconsistent antiplatelet drug use within 30 days. By multivariable analysis, the strongest independent predictors of definite ST were a smaller final stent minimal lumen diameter, a lack of preprocedural thienopyridine administration, the extent of coronary artery disease, and higher baseline hemoglobin level.Occurring in nearly 1 in 70 patients, early ST is relatively common in acute coronary syndromes, occurs with similar frequency after anticoagulation with either heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or bivalirudin with or without IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and is predicted by diffuse atherosclerosis, suboptimal angiographic results, and inadequate pharmacotherapy.
Defining the role of TORC1/2 in multiple myeloma
Authors: Patricia Maiso, Yi Liu, Brittany Morgan, Abdel Kareem Azab, Pingda Ren, Michel B. Martin, Yong Zhang, Yang Liu, Antonio Sacco, Hai Ngo, Feda Azab, Phong Quang, Scott J. Rodig, Charles P. Lin, Aldo M. Roccaro, Christian Rommel, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2011)
Integrated Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Marc R. Katz, Frank Van Praet, Didier de Canniere, Douglas Murphy, Leland Siwek, Usha Seshadri-Kreaden, Guy Friedrich, Johannes Bonatti
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) coupled with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a second coronary artery has been investigated in patients with multivessel disease to provide a minimally invasive therapeutic option. Methods and Results— TECAB of the LAD was performed using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA). A second lesion was treated with PCI before surgery, simultaneously, or after surgery. Three-month angiographic follow-up was performed in all patients and was subject to independent review. A total of 27 patients requiring double vessel revascularization were treated at 7 centers. Eleven patients underwent PCI before surgery, 12 patients underwent PCI after surgery, and 4 patients underwent simultaneous surgical and percutaneous intervention. Ten patients (37%) were treated with bare metal stents, whereas 17 patients (63%) were treated with drug-eluting stents. Postoperative angiographic evaluation demonstrated an overall LIMA anastomotic patency of 96.3% and PCI vessel patency of 66.7%. There were no deaths or strokes. One patient experienced a perioperative myocardial infarction. Eight of 27 patients (29.6%) required reintervention, 1 LIMA anastomotic stenosis (3.7%), 3 after bare metal stent (30%), and 4 after drug-eluting stent placement (23.5%). Conclusions— Integrated revascularization treatment plans provide minimally invasive options for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. This approach may be accomplished with no mortality, low perioperative morbidity, and excellent angiographic LIMA patency. The reintervention rate after PCI in this series was higher than that reported elsewhere and should be investigated further. The choice of suitable vessel, type of stent and timing of the treatment must be carefully considered before implementing this hybrid strategy.
Decidual Vasculopathy of the Placenta in Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Carlos R. Abramowsky, Maria E. Vegas, Gary Swinehart, Michael T. Gyves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

BECAUSE of its prevalence in women of child-bearing age, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) has been of particular concern to obstetricians. Recent reports of the clinical features and complications of pregnancy in patients with this disease have appeared. In most of these series, there is a high incidence of abortion, perinatal death, and prematurity, yet the mechanism of these complications has not been adequately explained. Although the placenta is an essential component of a viable fetal-maternal unit, it has been ignored in most of these series. In order to find some clues to the pathogenesis of lupus-induced fetal injury, we reviewed . . .
Clinical Usefulness of Tc-99m HMPAO Labeled White Blood Cell Imaging in Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infections
Authors: L MORTELMANS, H VERLOOY, A NEVELSTEEN, G WILMS, M De ROO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The reported frequency of prosthetic vascular graft infections after reconstructive vascular surgery is low. However, it is a serious and potentially catastrophic complication of this treatment, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Effective therapy involves graft excision and replacement. Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocyte scintigraphy appears to be an accurate method of detecting prosthetic vascular graft infections. The value of leukocyte scanning is illustrated by two case reports.
FDG PET/CT of Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation
Authors: Tatianie Jackson, M. Viner, Rathan Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation is a malignant, extremely rare neoplasm that arises in the thyroid gland or neighboring neck soft tissue and closely resembles thymic carcinoma. Long-term survival is possible if the disease is diagnosed early and is completely resected, followed by radical dose radiotherapy. We present the case report of a 65-year-old man who presented with neck mass and neck pain that increase with intensity with cough. He was evaluated by thyroid ultrasound, which showed an echogenic nodule. Baseline PET/CT imaging revealed a very hypermetabolic lesion in the right lobe of the thyroid gland.
Establishment of pregnancy after removal of sperm antibodies in vitro.
Authors: C. E. Grundy, A. G. Gordon, J. Robinson, D. M. Hay, K. A. Guthrie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

of Surgeons highlights the importance of an inte- grated response to trauma, care before patients reach hospital, and communication between doctors and the emergency services.6Unfor- tunately, it does not mention immediate medical care, provided at the scene of accidents throughout.
THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE VIRUS OF MEXICAN TYPHUS FEVER IN FLEAS
Authors: H. Mooser, M. Ruiz Castaneda
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

THE VIRUS OF MEXICAN TYPHUS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO MULTIPLY ABUNDANTLY IN THE FOLLOWING SPECIES OF FLEAS: Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus fasciatus, Leptopsylla musculi, Ctenocephalus canis, Ctenocephalus felis. In all fleas, Rickettsia prowazeki was demonstrated within the epithelial cells of the stomach and within the cells of the Malpighian tubules. Whereas in infected lice enormous numbers of these organisms are discharged from the disintegrating cells into the intestinal content, only few Rickettsiae are found in the lumen of the fleas' intestines. They are held back by the peritrophic membrane, which covers the mucosa of the entire stomach. Rickettsiae seem to enter the lumen of the gut almost exclusively by the route of the Malpighian tubules. Observations were made which seem to indicate that the fleas recover from the infection and that they are able to regenerate the partly destroyed intestinal mucosa. An explanation is given for the relative harmlessness of fleas as vectors of typhus.