tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL MINIMALLY INVASIVE ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR FEMORAL ACCESS DOES NOT REDUCE VASCULAR COMPLICATION
Authors: Itsik Ben-Dor, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael Mahmoudi, Gabriel Sardi, Kohei Wakabayashi, Michael A. Gaglia, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Michael Mahmoudi, Rafael Romaguera, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Rebecca Torguson, William O. Suddath, Joseph Lindsay, Nelson Bernardo, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Motoric emulation may contribute to perceiving imitable stimuli
Authors: Margaret Wilson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

First, I note three questions that need further exploration: how fast the emulator operates, compared to the real-time events it models; what exactly perceptual emulation, with no motor component, consists of; and whether images are equivalent to raw sensations. Next, I propose that Grush's framework can explain the role of motor activation in processing “imitable” stimuli.
Computerized Tomographic Scans for Headache-Reply
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  The research cited by Sargent and Lawson suggests that patients with migraine may experience permanent structural damage, a fact suggested and observed before the advent of CT.1-4We agree that use of CT in a research setting for systematic study of migraine may allow us to understand better this common illness where little is known about underlying pathological changes. As a research tool, CT is probably adequately cost-effective. However, our article discusses the use of CT for patients with headache, seen by clinicians who use CT to detect or confirm lesions that will affect subsequent patient treatment. Given the current understanding of migraine, we do not believe the findings described by Sargent, Lawson, and others alter patient treatment. Thus, we do not recommend its routine use in patients with normal findings from neurological examinations.  Bohmfalk implies that he, as a neurosurgeon, is referred patients with mass lesions
von Willebrand factor binds to platelets and induces aggregation in platelet-type but not type IIB von Willebrand disease.
Authors: J L Miller, J M Kupinski, A Castella, Z M Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Platelet-type von Willebrand disease (vWD) and pseudo-vWD are two recently described intrinsic platelet defects characterized by enhanced ristocetin-induced agglutination in platelet-rich plasma. A similar finding is also typical of type IIB vWD, where it has been related to a von Willebrand factor (vWF) rather than a platelet abnormality. Platelet aggregation induced by unmodified human vWF in the absence of other stimuli has been reported in pseudo-vWD. In this study we demonstrate that vWF induces aggregation in platelet-type but not type IIB vWD. Aggregation is observed when normal plasma cryoprecipitate or purified vWF are added to platelet-rich plasma. Cryoprecipitate also aggregates washed platelets, although at higher concentrations than required for platelet-rich plasma. Purified vWF, however, induces significant aggregation of washed platelets only when plasma is added. EDTA inhibits vWF-induced aggregation. Its effect can be overcome by calcium but much less effectively by magnesium ions. Unstimulated platelets in platelet-rich plasma from patients with platelet-type but not type IIB vWD bind 125I-vWF in a specific and saturable manner. All different sized multimers of vWF become associated with platelets. Both aggregation and binding exhibit a similar vWF concentration dependence, suggesting that a correlation exists between these two events. Removal of ADP by appropriate consuming systems is without effect upon such binding or upon vWF-induced aggregation. Thrombin-induced 125I-vWF binding to washed platelets is normal in platelet-type as well as type IIB vWD. These results demonstrate that a specific binding site for unmodified human vWF is exposed on unstimulated platelets in platelet-type vWD. The relatively high vWF concentrations required for aggregation and binding may explain the lack of significant in vivo aggregation and thrombocytopenia in these patients. Moreover, these studies provide additional evidence that platelet-type and type IIB vWD are different diseases with distinct pathogeneses.
Respiratory muscle strength in chronic heart failure.
Authors: S A Evans, L Watson, M Hawkins, A J Cowley, I D Johnston, W J Kinnear
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Several studies have suggested that the respiratory muscles are weak in patients with heart failure, but the aetiology and clinical relevance of this weakness are unclear. In order to see if respiratory muscle weakness in this context is part of a more generalised myopathic process, respiratory and limb muscle strength were compared in patients with heart failure. The relation between respiratory muscle strength, breathlessness on exercise, and exercise capacity was also examined.Twenty patients (three women) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV heart failure of mean age 63 years were studied. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed using maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (MIP and MEP) and transdiaphragmatic pressure during sniffs (sniff PDI). These parameters were compared with cardiac output (indirect Fick) and with limb muscle strength as assessed by grip strength. The patients also performed two exercise tests during which they rated their breathlessness on a Borg scale.Mean (SD) cardiac index was 2.2 (0.4) l/min/m2. MIP and MEP were 66 (27) and 99 (29) cm H2O respectively. Sniff PDI was 103 (21) cm H2O and was positively correlated with grip strength and cardiac output (Spearman rank correlation coefficients 0.527 and 0.451, respectively). None of the indices of respiratory muscle strength were related to exercise time or breathlessness during exercise.The respiratory muscles are weak in patients with heart failure. This weakness reflects a more generalised myopathic process, possibly related to reduced cardiac output. However, respiratory muscle weakness does not appear to be an important factor in the aetiology of breathlessness on exercise.
Probiotics in human medicine.
Authors: R Fuller
Journal: Gut (1991)

Probotics have been with us for as long as people have eaten fermented milks, but their association with health benefits dates only from the turn of the century when Metchnikoff drew attention to the adverse effects of the gut microflora on the host and suggested that ingestion of fermented milks ameliorated this so called autointoxication.Later work, based on the assumption that colonisation of the gut was essential for the maximum effect, used intestinal strains ofLacto- bacillus acidophilus for treatment ofconstipation. 1 The use of the term 'probiotic' to describe food supplements specifically designed to improve health, however, dates from 1974 when Parker used it to describe growth promoting animal feed supplements.He defined the term as 'organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balance'.I have recently2 revised this definition to read, 'A live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its microbial balance'.This definition stresses the importance of viability and avoids the use of the too broad term 'substances' which could even include antibiotics.This report uses the revised definition and considers the evidence for the effect of live preparations on the human host.It also presents some evidence from work with animals which is helpful in understanding the potential benefits of this sort of treatment.
The tale of two wards
Authors: M. Juniper
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In late 1994 I broke my leg playing rugby. I was treated in two wards in two different hospitals for a total of six weeks. There was a difference in the style of nursing and pain management that made my stay in the first ward miserable and in the second ward pleasant. This was because in the first ward the staff did not seem to appreciate that different patients have different needs.

The most evident manifestation of this was the pain management. The nerves in my leg had lost their blood supply, and I had hammering pins and needles. In the first ward the nurses asked patients, “Would you like pain killers?” and gave coproxomol to those who said yes. I soon stopped saying yes because, as I told the nurses, they weren't …
The DAZ gene cluster on the human Y chromosome arose from an autosomal gene that was transposed, repeatedly amplified and pruned
Authors: Richa Saxena, Laura G. Brown, Trevor Hawkins, Raaji K. Alagappan, Helen Skaletsky, Mary Pat Reeve, Renee Reijo, Steve Rozen, Mary Beth Dinulos, Christine M. Disteche, David C. Page
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Placental Lactogen Levels in Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: W. Ursell, M. Brudenell, T. Chard
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A prospective study has been carried out of placental lactogen levels in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. The levels were higher than those in normal pregnant subjects; the higher levels were related to increased placental and fetal weight but more closely to the former; and lower levels were found when there was clinical evidence of placental dysfunction. Those patients requiring the largest insulin increment for the control of their diabetes in the pregnancy have placental lactogen levels in the higher range.
Maternal diet vs lack of exposure to sunlight as the cause of the epidemic of asthma, allergies and other autoimmune diseases
Authors: S. T Weiss, A. A Litonjua
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Role of vitamin D deficiency in allergic and autoimmune diseases

Asthma is occurring in epidemic proportions with more than 300 million affected subjects worldwide. In almost all cases the disease has its onset in early childhood, with 80–90% of all cases initially being diagnosed before the age of 6 years.1,2

It was not always so. In the early 1970s the prevalences of asthma and allergy were roughly half of what they are today, and although the onset of the asthma epidemic started insidiously and cannot be precisely documented, it has several interesting and important features that have defied a unified explanation until now. There is clearly a North/South equatorial gradient with Western industrialised countries furthest away from the equator (New Zealand, Australia, the UK) having the highest prevalence worldwide. There is also a clear urban/rural gradient among poorer Third World countries, and a First (industrialised) World/Third World gradient with the lowest asthma prevalence occurring in rural areas in Third World societies. A very important feature of the epidemic is that it is not only asthma that has increased. A host of other autoimmune diseases—such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and Crohn’s disease—have all increased dramatically as well.3 So it is not just Th2 diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy that have increased, but also Th1 autoimmune diseases. Less directly connected to the epidemic is the seasonal gradient in incidence with a peak in the late winter/early spring. Finally, in the USA the asthma epidemic seems worse among the urban poor, particularly among minorities (African-Americans and Puerto Ricans).

One of the theories to explain these disparate epidemiological findings is the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that the decrease in early childhood infections leads to “missing immune deviation” …
T Cell Factor 1 Is Required for Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Generation
Authors: Qi Yang, Laurel A. Monticelli, Steven A. Saenz, Anthony Wei-Shine Chi, Gregory F. Sonnenberg, Jiangbo Tang, Maria Elena De Obaldia, Will Bailis, Jerrod L. Bryson, Kristin Toscano, Jian Huang, Angela Haczku, Warren S. Pear, David Artis, Avinash Bhandoola
Journal: Immunity (2013)
ARROW-ROOT, CASSAVA AND KOONTI.
Authors: A. T. CUZNER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>ARROW-ROOT.</h3> Arrow-root (<i>Maranta Arundinacea</i>) is the name the Indians of America gave this plant. In German arrow-root is called<i>pfeilwurz, pfeil</i>meaning arrow, and<i>wurz</i>meaning root. It is the English name of the botanical genus<i>maranta</i>, the type of the endogenous order<i>Marantacea</i>, called by Lindley in his "Natural System of Botany" the arrow-root tribe, but altered in his "Vegetable Kingdom" to maranta. The flowers of this plant are in long, close spikelike panicles with irregular corollas, each having a single perfect stamen with half another. The veins of the leaves run out obliquely from the midrib to the margin. The root is a fleshy corm which when washed, grated and strained, and again repeatedly washed, furnishes the substance so much prized as food for invalids. The starch extracted from the rhizomes of different<i>maranta</i>, and imported into the United States and England, takes the name of the place
Reply to Andrew Macnab, Lynn Stothers, Babak Shadgan's Letter to the Editor re: Jürgen Pannek. Mozart, the Brain, and the Bladder: Clinical Usefulness of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Detection of Detrusor Overactivity. Eur Urol 2011;59:763–4
Authors: Juergen Pannek
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of High-Technology Screening Tests
Authors: Thomas H Lee, Troyen A Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The authors sharply criticize the now-common practice of marketing high-technology medical screening tests directly to the consumer. As a prominent example, they select electron-beam computed tomography to screen for lung cancer. The authors voice concern about the validity of such screening, the financial consequences, and potential ethical problems.
Is radiation really so dangerous?
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

N ow here's something to sow despondency in the heart of any television producer working in consumer affairs: a programme with the nerve to suggest that something we had all been told was extremely nasty might not be quite so bad after all.

Despite its alarmingly let's-scare-them title, Nuclear Nightmares was not a consumer affairs production. It was an edition of Horizon that set out to do precisely what a good science programme should: to question the evidential basis of a widespread fear of technology. The issue was our acute nervousness about radioactivity; the question was whether low doses of radiation are as damaging as popularly believed. The answer is important because, at a time when we are contemplating how best to put the brakes on global climate change, invalid assessments of the risk inherent in nuclear power could seriously distort future energy policy.

The programme recounted the events at Chernobyl. It did so in part through the eyes of one former inhabitant returning to her old apartment. It also …
Paralytic Syndromes Associated With Noninflammatory Cytoplasmic or Nuclear Neuronopathy
Authors: M. Ramos-Alvarez
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Postmortem studies on 57 Mexican children with acute, lower motor neuron paralytic disease indicated that 32 had poliomyelitis and 25 had no inflammatory changes in the central nervous system. In the latter group, ten exhibited neuropathologic changes compatible with a diagnosis of Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome; eight, showing extensive chromatolysis of the majority of lower motor neurons, were categorized as "cytoplasmic neuronopathy"; and seven, showing an argyrophil, degenerative change of the nuclei of the majority of lower motor neurons but no chromatolysis, were categorized as "nuclear neuronopathy." The interval between onset of paralysis and death was longer than one week (10 to 30 days) in 70% of the Landry-Guillain-Barré group, one week or less in 75% of the cytoplasmic neuronopathy group, and less than one week in 86% of the nuclear neuronopathy group.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with massive co-infiltration of polyclonal B cells
Authors: H. YAGI, M. OGAI, T. IZUMI, T. EBIHARA, M. SUGIURA, Y. TOKURA, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A 76-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a cutaneous nodule on the right thigh. The tumour was composed of CD3+, large atypical cells, and CD20+, small normal-appearing cells. Flow cytometry showed that CD20+ cells outnumbered CD3+ cells. By Southern blot hybridization analyses, the malignant cells were shown to be of T-cell origin, because of the presence of rearranged bands for the beta chain of the T-cell receptor, but not for the immunoglobulin heavy chain. This case represents a T-cell lymphoma intermingled with a large number of non-neoplastic B cells.
US official preaches benefits of “drug courts” in curbing misuse
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

John Walters, director of the US Office of National Drug Control Policy, came to Europe last week to promote his country's “balanced strategy” of measures against drugs misuse. He used the visit to speak out against “harm reduction” policies and to warn about the long term dangers to mental health of heavy cannabis use.

Addressing a conference organised by the European parliament on European drug policy, Mr Walters pointed out that a combination of effective prevention, treatment programmes, and a clampdown on producers had led to a 17% decrease in drug use among young people in the United States since 2001.

A central …
UK proposes preclinical distance learning course
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UK Department of Health is considering innovative proposals from the Open University to provide distance learning courses to train UK medical students at home for the first two of the six year training course leading to registration. If the proposals are accepted, the first students on the new “foundation course for medicine” will be enrolled in 2002.

The course will be based on similar principles to the well established distance learning …
A conservative approach in selected cases of late diagnosed oesophageal perforation.
Authors: C A Verwoerd, F van Mazijk, J M Meyer
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A conservative method is presented for the treatment of oesophageal perforation where the diagnosis has been delayed. A system of tubes is described which allows the patient to be fed and at the same time prevents swallowed material from reaching the fistula. A case is reported which was successfully managed using the method.
Viruses and cervical cancer.
Authors: K C Mohanty
Journal: BMJ (1991)

periods of 6-39 months.This finding, together with evidence of persisting enteroviral RNA in skeletal muscle' and persistent enterovirus excretion in stool,6 indicates that enteroviruses may be involved in a proportion of patients with the postviral fatigue syndrome, notwithstanding the inconclusive results of cross sectional sero- epidemiological studies.The study of Dr Miller and colleagues emphasises that a single diagnostic test for the syndrome does not exist at present and shows that screening of single serum samples for enterovirus specific IgM antibody is of little value.
Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 seropositivity: Risk factors and association with ano-genital warts among homosexual men
Authors: I. Mary Poynten, Tim Waterboer, Fengyi Jin, David J. Templeton, Garrett Prestage, Basil Donovan, Michael Pawlita, Christopher K. Fairley, Suzanne M. Garland, Andrew E. Grulich
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
People With Arthritis Need Help and Support
Authors: J. M. Gumpel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess the impact of severe asthma on daily life (asthma control, activity, psychological aspects, treatment). <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected from 1333 adults and children (through caregivers) with severe persistent asthma in 9 countries through an online survey done by GfK on behalf of Novartis in 2016 <b>(Table 1a).</b> <b>Results:</b> Severe asthmatics were diagnosed by respiratory physicians (42%), general practitioners (30%), allergists (21%) and paediatricians (6%). On average, adults were diagnosed 15 years ago, adolescents 7 years and pediatrics 3 years ago. As per patients’ knowledge, 47% were non-allergic. A large discrepancy was seen between real-life control according to GINA guidelines (6%) and self-estimated control (42%). In the previous year, 73% of patients experienced exacerbations that required treatment from a healthcare professional (emergency room, ambulance, physician at home); 34% had ≥2 exacerbations (13%, three; 7%, four; 3%, five; 11%, more than 5). On an average, 20 days of OCS use was reported in the last 6 months. The impact on psychology and activities is shown in <b>Table 1b.</b> <b>Conclusions:</b> Although asthma control is GINA’s main goal, severe asthmatics are uncontrolled with poor quality of life as reflected in their psychological profile and everyday activities. There is a strong disconnect between perceived and actual asthma control. More action is needed to help severe asthmatics achieve control and live normal unrestricted lives.
GPs should have access to spirometry for assessing COPD
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Spirometry is more accurate than peak flow measurement for assessing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, say new guidelines from the British Thoracic Society. They recommend that all patients suspected of having the disease should be offered spirometric testing by their general practitioners ( Thorax 1997;52(suppl 5):S1-32). …
Where next for China?: Birth ratio in India is also dwindling
Authors: Charu Chanana
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Where next for China?Rising inequalities in health and wealth are biggest challenge Editor-I write with reference to the editorial by Liu. 1 Life expectancy in China doubled from 35 to 71 years between 1949 and 2001. 2 China's human development index has been rising steadily, and it ranked 85th among countries with an index of 0.755 in 2003. 2According to China's human development report, the national Gini coefficient for income distribution rose to 0.45 in 2002 from 0.3 in 1982. 2 The average income of the highest income tenth is 11 times that of the lowest tenth? 2Disparities in health indicators between urban and rural areas are widening.Life expectancy is 75.2 years for urban residents and 69.6 for rural residents. 2The human development index is 0.816 in urban areas and 0.685 in rural areas.Rural infant mortality at 34% and maternal mortality at 61.9 per 100 000 births are nearly double that in urban areas (14% and 33.1/100 000, respectively).Rural areas have only 2.4 medical personnel per 1000 residents, compared with 5.2 per 1000 residents in urban areas.Regional disparities are widespread, with the western regions faring the worst.Life expectancy for rural residents is less than 65 in Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou.Maternal mortality is also highest in the western regions.Tibet ranked lowest in terms of life expectancy (65.81 years), literacy (47%), and human development index (0.562). 2 The region has the lowest number of doctors and hospital beds in China.Only 15% of the entire population of China can afford medical insurance. 2Only 2% of rural migrant workers currently have unemployment insurance. 2Coercive public health policies include forced abortions. 3hina's ambitious aim of building a society in which people are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and basic necessities for a decent life 2 will require addressing these widening disparities, prioritising health opportunities for all, and acknowledging the inherent, instrumental and constructive 4 roles of freedom in achieving these goals.