tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasmaphoresis and plasma exchange in the treatment of hyperlipaemia and xanthomatous neuropathy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: L. A. Turnberg, M. P. Mahoney, M. H. Gleeson, C. B. Freeman, A. H. Gowenlock
Journal: Gut (1972)

Two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who were increasingly incapacitated by xanthomatous neuropathy are described. Treatment with a low fat diet and cholestyramine was unhelpful but repeated plasmaphoresis by simple venesection in one and plasma exchange using an IBM blood cell separator in the other over a period of several months completely relieved the symptoms of the neuropathy, caused skin xanthomata to recede, and lowered plasma lipid levels in both patients. There was no evidence that this procedure was associated with any deleterious effects on the liver. The size of the cholesterol pool in xanthomata in one patient was estimated to be approximately 35 g, and from the plasma cholesterol response to plasmaphoresis at varying frequency it was suggested that the excess of cholesterol synthesis over degradation was less than 0.3 g/day in one patient and less than 0.4 g/day in the other. On the basis of the response in these patients it is suggested that the turnover rates of lipid pools are relatively slow in biliary cirrhosis and that cholesterol accumulation is more likely to be due to a reduced catabolic rate than to an increased synthetic rate of cholesterol. Plasmaphoresis or plasma exchange are useful methods of treatment for the rare patient afflicted by this resistant and distressing complication of biliary cirrhosis.
Signaling by the CysLT2 Receptor: Involvement of PKA, PKC and Downstream AP-1 and NF-kB Elements in IL-8 Gene Transcription
Authors: C. Thompson, A. Cloutier, Y. Bossé, P. Larivée, P. McDonald, J. Stankova, M. Rola-Pleszczynski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abnormal platelet cytoskeletal assembly in hemodialyzed patients results in deficient tyrosine phosphorylation signaling
Authors: Maribel Díaz-Ricart, Eva Estebanell, Aleix Cases, Jordi Calls, José López-Pedret, Marta Carretero, Ricardo Castillo, Antonio Ordinas, Ginés Escolar
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Subfractionation, characterization, and in-depth proteomic analysis of glomerular membrane vesicles in human urine
Authors: Marie C. Hogan, Kenneth L. Johnson, Roman M. Zenka, M. Cristine Charlesworth, Benjamin J. Madden, Doug W. Mahoney, Ann L. Oberg, Bing Q. Huang, Alexey A. Leontovich, Lisa L. Nesbitt, Jason L. Bakeberg, Daniel J. McCormick, H. Robert Bergen, Christopher J. Ward
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Age-related trends in gene expression in the chemosensory-nasal mucosae of senescence-accelerated mice
Authors: Thomas V Getchell, Xuejun Peng, Arnold J Stromberg, Kuey-Chu Chen, C Paul Green, Nishikant K Subhedar, Dharmen S Shah, Mark P Mattson, Marilyn L Getchell
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2003)
TCT-674 Implication of peri-procedural biomarker elevation after stent implantation: analysis from the pooled XIENCE V trials
Authors: Gregg Stone, Dean Kereiakes, James Hermiller, Mitchell Krucoff, Ashok Seth, Eberhard Grube, Marie-Claude Morice, Donald Cutlip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Rectal mass of prostatic origin: a possible trap for general surgeons.
Authors: P R Taylor, P H Rowe, R C Mason, W J Owen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Prostatic carcinoma may rarely present with rectal symptoms and signs.Certain features of a rectal mass may alert the clinician to the possibility that it is prostatic carcinoma.Use of specialised histo- logical techniques to examie rectal biopsy specimens can confirm the diagnosis so that inappropriate surgery is avoided.Case report
Abstract B43: A novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor upstream of Hippo signaling
Authors: Li Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There is a pressing need to identify prognostic markers of metastatic diseases and targets for treatment. Combining high-throughput RNA sequencing, functional characterization, mechanistic studies, and clinical validation, we identify leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor downstream of the miR-9 microRNA and upstream of Hippo signaling. Restoring LIFR expression in highly malignant tumor cells suppresses metastasis by triggering a Hippo kinase cascade that leads to phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and functional inactivation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP. Conversely, loss of LIFR in non-metastatic breast cancer cells induces migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization through activation of YAP. LIFR is downregulated in human breast carcinomas and inversely correlates with metastasis. Notably, loss of LIFR in non-metastatic Stage I-III breast tumors is highly associated with poor metastasis-free, recurrence-free and overall survival outcomes in approximately 1,000 patients. These findings identify LIFR as a metastasis suppressor that functions through the Hippo-YAP pathway and has significant prognostic power. As the next step, we will dissect the role of LIFR in spontaneous breast tumorigenesis and metastasis using genetically engineered mouse models, elucidate the mechanisms by which LIFR activates Hippo signaling using biochemical approaches, and develop methods to restore LIFR expression or function as new anti-metastatic therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Li Ma. A novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor upstream of Hippo signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
The Obituary of an Idea
Authors: Robert H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Several months ago the AMA Council on Drugs quietly announced that its Registry on Adverse Reactions was being phased out. Some older members of the Council greeted the announcement (which had been anticipated for quite some time) with nostalgia, but the message fell upon the rest of the land with the same kitten-soft impact that had characterized the entire venture. The enthusiasm of the profession for reporting adverse drug reactions had become somewhat less than tepid. But it did not start that way. In 1954 the AMA Registry on Blood Dyscrasias was established. This noble effort was ably and enthusiastically chaired by Maxwell M. Wintrobe, MD, and Charles Huguley, MD. It was the first organized attempt to gather meaningful data in an area that had long been ignored. The AMA had a potential information source of over 7,000 hospitals and 250,000 physicians. After an early flurry of activity it became
Treating Controls in Unblinded Trials
Authors: Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters15 February 2005Treating Controls in Unblinded TrialsPaul S. Heckerling, MDPaul S. Heckerling, MDFrom University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the study by Yardley and colleagues (1) on vestibular rehabilitation for patients with chronic dizziness, it is not clear what scientific information was gained by crossing controls over to vestibular training at 3 months. Efficacy could not be measured, since the intervention group was not crossed over to the control condition (nor could it be, given an inability to wash out the initial vestibular training). Maintenance of effect at 3 months was already measurable in the intervention group, so a similar 3-month period for controls would not add new information. And since vestibular training was not ...References1. Yardley L, Donovan-Hall M, Smith HE, Walsh BM, Mullee M, Bronstein AM. Effectiveness of primary care-based vestibular rehabilitation for chronic dizziness. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:598-605. [PMID: 15492339] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:141-5. [PMID: 3600702] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Miller FG, Rosenstein DL. The therapeutic orientation to clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1383-6. [PMID: 12672867] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul S. Heckerling, MDAffiliations: From University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffectiveness of Primary Care–Based Vestibular Rehabilitation for Chronic Dizziness Lucy Yardley , Margaret Donovan-Hall , Helen E. Smith , Bronagh M. Walsh , Mark Mullee , and Adolfo M. Bronstein Treating Controls in Unblinded Trials Lucy Yardley Metrics Cited byRisk in clinical trials 15 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 4Page: 309 ePublished: 15 February 2005 Issue Published: 15 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Oxygen radicals as second messengers for expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein, JE/MCP-1, and the monocyte colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and immunoglobulin G. Evidence for involvement of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent oxidase.
Authors: J A Satriano, M Shuldiner, K Hora, Y Xing, Z Shan, D Schlondorff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in the expression of genes involved in immune response was examined in mesangial cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and aggregated (aggr.) IgG increased mRNA levels for the monocyte chemoattractant protein, JE/MCP-1, and the colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1. Scavengers for free radicals such as di- and tetra-methylthiourea (DMTU and TMTU) attenuated the increase in mRNA levels in response to TNF-alpha and aggr. IgG. Generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine increased mRNA levels of these genes, but exogenous H2O2 did not. Addition of NADPH to activate a membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase generated superoxide and caused a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels and further enhanced the stimulation by TNF-alpha or aggr. IgG. An inhibitor of NADPH-dependent oxidase 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-acetophenone attenuated the rise in mRNA levels in response to TNF-alpha and aggr. IgG. By nuclear run-on experiments TNF-alpha, aggr. IgG and NADPH increased the transcription rates for JE/MCP-1 and CSF-1, effects inhibited by TMTU. We conclude that generation of reactive oxygen species, possibly by NADPH-dependent oxidase, are involved in the induction of the JE/MCP-1 and CSF-1 genes by TNF-alpha and IgG complexes. The concerted expression of leukocyte-directed cytokines represents a general response to tissue injury.
Renal Uptake of TI-201 in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: G A HURWITZ, A G MATTAR, R BHARGAVA, A A DRIEDGER, P HOGENDOORN, C A WESOLOWSKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The detection of renovascular disease (RVD) has particular relevance in hypertensive patients (HP) who have symptoms of target organ damage. To evaluate the possibility of RVD in HP undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for chest pain symptoms, posterior renal images were obtained at 1-3 hours after TI-201 injection. Analog and computer images were obtained for 5 minutes in 45 HP; 12 patients with no history of hypertension or renal disease served as normal controls. For qualitative analysis, images were coded and read by three observers as to symmetry of renal uptake. Differential renal uptake of TI-201 (DRU) was quantitated on computer images. In normal controls, uptake was agreed on as symmetric. In HP, 6 patients had marked asymmetry of DRU and 4 had possibly significant asymmetry; 2 had decreased uptake in both kidneys suggesting bilateral RVD or nephrosclerosis. Objective correlation with DRU was obtained in 10 HP who had contrast angiography, confirming 4 cases of unilateral RVD and 2 of bilateral RVD. Thirteen patients also had renography with Tc-99m DTPA; differential renal function by this modality correlated well with DRU of TI-201 (r=0.98). Thus, DRU of TI-201 can be used as a supplement to myocardial scintigraphy to identify HP who require further evaluation and treatment of RVD.
Interactive toxicity and stress protein expression by vinylidene chloride and monochloroacetate in precision-cut rat liver slices.
Authors: J Wijeweera, J Gandolfi, X H Zheng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Vinylidene chloride (VDC) is a groundwater and drinking water contaminant. Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is a chlorination by-product of drinking water. Because environmental or occupational exposure to chemicals takes place at low concentrations, a sensitive in vitro system of liver slices was used to examine the interactive toxicity of MCA and VDC. Liver slices from Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100 microM MCA for 1 hr before exposure to 20 or 48 microM VDC and incubated for 1 to 8 hr. MCA + 48 microM VDC resulted in a significant leakage of K+ by 4 hr, while MCA+ 20 microM VDC did not. At 4 hr, MCA + 48 microM VDC resulted in centrilobular necrosis. MCA caused a significant depletion of slice glutathione (GSH) at 1 hr, which was maintained up to 3 hr. As reactive VDC metabolites are detoxified by conjugation with GSH, the increase in VDC toxicity by MCA is possibly due to GSH-depleting effects of MCA. Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 was increased 2.5-fold by MCA + 20 microM VDC as early as 2 hr, although K+ leakage was not increased. MCA + 48 microM VDC resulted in a 3-fold increase in HSP 72 by 2 hr, while there were modest increases in HSPs 60 and 32. Therefore, HSP 72 is an early sensitive indicator of interactive toxicity of nontoxic concentrations of MCA and VDC. This is the first time that micromolar concentrations of these drinking water contaminants were observed to affect cellular homeostasis in the liver.
Molecular Technologies for Personalized Cancer Management
Authors: Rani K. Hasan, Julia D. Wulfkuhle, Lance A. Liotta, Emanuel F. Petricoin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alpha-fetoprotein and serum golgi phosphoprotein 2 are equally discriminative in detecting early hepatocellular carcinomas #
Authors: Marc-Oliver Riener, Frank Stenner, Heike Liewen, Claus Hellerbrand, Marcus Bahra, Glen Kristiansen
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Li et al. have analyzed golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) serum levels in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis, healthy controls, and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They found elevated serum levels of GOLPH2 (sGOLPH2) in early HCC cases. From their findings, the authors conclude that sGOLPH2 is a better marker than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for detection of early HCC. In our patients, no significant differences between controls, viral hepatitis (HBV/HCV), and HCC (independent of etiology) were found. However, HCC arising in a hepatitis C virus background had significantly higher GOLPH2 serum levels than healthy controls.1 The findings of Li, Wu, and Fan prompted us to conduct an extended analysis of our dataset. No significant difference of sGOLPH between early HCCs (T1/2 [United Network for Organ Sharing–modified Tumor-Node-Metastasis stages 1 and 2]) and late HCCs (T3/4) was seen. Li et al. had comparable levels of sGOLPH2 in healthy individuals and patients with liver cirrhosis. Although we did not compare cirrhosis with early HCCs, we too see a trend (P = 0.097) of rising values when comparing controls (median 5.7 mg/L) to early HCCs (median 15.8 mg/L). With regard to the notion of Li et al. that sGOLPH2 is a superior marker of early HCC, we find AFP (cutoff 10 ng/mL) and sGOLPH2 (cutoff 10 mg/L) to be equally discriminative and recommend the complementary use of both markers to improve the detection and surveillance of HCCs. We agree that larger studies of GOLPH2 should be pursued to define the role of GOLPH2 in serum-based diagnosis and monitoring of HCC. Ideally, this should be embedded in a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Marc-Oliver Riener*, Frank Stenner , Heike Liewen , Claus Hellerbrand , Marcus Bahra§, Glen Kristiansen*, * Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, § Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Activation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 by EBV LMP1 Involves c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Signaling
Authors: Chia-Lung Tsai, Hsin-Pai Li, Yen-Jung Lu, Chuen Hsueh, Ying Liang, Chi-Long Chen, Sai Wah Tsao, Ka-Po Tse, Jau-Song Yu, Yu-Sun Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) activates cellular DNA methyltransferases, resulting in hypermethylation and silencing of E-cadherin. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that LMP1 directly induces the dnmt1 promoter activity through its COOH-terminal activation region-2 YYD domain. Using (i) LMP1 mutants, (ii) dominant negative mutants c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-DN, p38-DN, and constitutive active mutant IκB, as well as (iii) dsRNAs targeting c-Jun, JNK, and tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated death domain protein, and (iv) signal transduction inhibitors, we show that LMP1-mediated DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) activation involves JNK but not nuclear factor κB and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, LMP1 is unable to activate dnmt1-P1 promoter with activator protein-1 (AP-1) site mutation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results also confirm that LMP1 activates P1 promoter via the JNK-AP-1 pathway. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay data in LMP1-inducible cells disclose that LMP1 induces formation of a transcriptional repression complex, composed of DNMT1 and histone deacetylase, which locates on E-cadherin gene promoter. Treatment with JNK inhibitor, SP600125, prevents the formation of this repression complex. Statistical analyses of the immunohistochemical staining of 32 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies show LMP1 expression (18 of 32, 56.25%), DNMT1 expression (31 of 32, 97%), and phospho-c-Jun (27 of 32, 84.38%), suggesting that overexpression of these proteins is observed in NPC tumor. Overall, these results support a mechanistic link between JNK-AP-1 signaling and DNA methylation induced by the EBV oncogene product LMP1. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11668-76)
Three new initiatives involving bmj.com
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> Castleman’s disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated in a subset of cases with HIV and human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). CD comprises at least two distinct diseases (unicentric and multicentric) with different approaches. There are currently no licensed drugs for the management of CD in paediatric patients. <h3>Purpose</h3> To describe a paediatric case of CD in which an antagonist of the interleukin (IL)-6 receptor (tocilizumab) was successfully used. <h3>Material and methods</h3> A retrospective case report and literature search related to the treatment of CD was carried. The information was obtained from electronic medical records, PubMed and Uptodate. <h3>Results</h3> An 11-year-old boy (weight 32.2 kg, p3–10) was admitted to the paediatric ward for the study of asthenia, anorexia and body weight loss of 5 months’ duration. Remarkable laboratory test values at that time included haemoglobin 9.8 mg/dL, MCV 76.2 fL, CRP 65 mg/L, ESR 90 mm and transferrin saturation 7%. His renal and liver function tests were within normal limits. During the study of the toxic syndrome, screening for several infections, including Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, tuberculosis, HHV-8 and HIV had negative results. Additionally, an alteration in IL-6 (54 pg/mL) was detected. PET-SCAN showed multiple adenopathies suggesting a lymphoproliferative syndrome. The adenopathy biopsy was not conclusive, but having excluded other pathologies, the case was considered multicentric CD based on the symptoms and analytical results. Given the age of the patient, treatment with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg/month was initiated despite not being licensed for its use in CD. After five doses, the patient showed clinical improvement but acute phase reactants were still high and symptoms reappeared a few days before the next dose. Consequently, the frequency of the treatment was reduced to 8 mg/kg/21 days. After a year of treatment, the patient showed a great response with standardisation of acute phase reactants (CRP 0.2 mg/L, ESR 6 mm) and body weight gain of 22 kg (current weight 54 kg). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this case of a paediatric patient with CD, the use of tocilizumab (off-label use) was shown to be safe and effective when reducing the intervals of administration to 21 days. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety profile. No conflict of interest
Do women with menorrhagia need iron?
Authors: G J Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Haematological indices of iron deficiency and serum ferritin concentrations were compared in 42 women complaining of menorrhagia and in 34 with normal menstrual loss. No significant differences in haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, or mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found between the two groups. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in patients with menorrhagia. Though the iron stores in these women were significantly reduced, only a few were anaemic. Thus, women complaining of heavy menstrual loss do not require prophylactic iron supplements.
The Second "Great Imitator"—Tuberculosis
Authors: Maurice L. Sievers
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN that syphilis is capable of mimicking many other diseases. That tuberculosis can also imitate various other conditions is less emphasized. However, an awareness of the atypical clinical manifestations of tuberculosis is increasingly important since the index of suspicion of a disease tends to subside with its decreasing prevalence.  The Indian population of southwestern United States affords an unusual opportunity for studying tuberculosis because the incidence of infection still remains much higher than for the general population. The present report concerns cases selected from experience at the Phoenix Public Health Service Indian Hospital during a 2-year period. In each individual, diagnostic confusion occurred because a nontuberculous condition was simulated in various regards.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 38-year-old Hualapai woman with severe pelvic bone-pain and fever was found to have multiple lytic lesions (Fig. 1) and hypergammaglobulinemia. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma or metastatic malignancy