tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Metabolic Syndrome: A Modeling Perspective
Authors: Michael C. K. Khoo, Flavia M. G. S. Oliveira, Limei Cheng
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2012)

The prevalence of obesity is growing at an alarming rate, placing many at risk for developing diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or a combination of disorders known as "metabolic syndrome". The evidence to date suggests that metabolic syndrome results from an imbalance in the mechanisms that link diet, physical activity, glucose-insulin control, and autonomic cardiovascular control. There is also growing recognition that sleep-disordered breathing and other forms of sleep disruption can contribute significantly to autonomic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Chronic sleep deprivation resulting from sleep-disordered breathing or behavioral causes can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness and lethargy, which in turn contribute to increasing obesity. Analysis of this complex dynamic system using a model-based approach can facilitate the delineation of the causal pathways that lead to the emergence of the metabolic syndrome. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main physiological mechanisms associated with obesity and sleep-disordered breathing that are believed to result in metabolic and autonomic dysfunction, and review the models and modeling approaches that are relevant in characterizing the interplay among the multiple factors that underlie the development of the metabolic syndrome.
An unusual cause of acute renal failure
Authors: P. Dilks, A. Shawyer, T. C Booth
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 46 year old woman with an uneventful medical history presented to her general practitioner with pain in her right loin and tiredness. Examination was unremarkable. Routine blood tests were within normal limits except for a urea of 20 mmol/l and creatinine of 604 μmol/l. A renal ultrasound showed bilateral pelvi-calyceal dilation. She underwent abdominal radiography and computed tomography (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓). Fig 1 Plain abdominal radiograph Fig 2 Computed tomography at the level of the right renal hilum ### Short answers Fig 3 (a) Abdominal radiograph showing a right percutaneous nephrostomy catheter (white arrow), bilateral ureteric thermoexpandable alloy stents, and medial deviation of the ureters (blue arrows). (b) A different patient with bilateral ureteric double J stents also showing medial deviation secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis (blue arrow)
Continuous electroencephalographic recording to detect seizures in paralysed newborn babies.
Authors: J A Eyre, R C Oozeer, A R Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

observed without specific treatment.Once the effects wore off she was given oral chlorpromazine 50 mg three times a day.Interestingly, after this episode her behaviour was improved.Electroencephalography and a brain scan showed no focus of epilepsy.Barnes TRE, Bridges PK.Disturbed behaviour induced by high-dose antipsychotic drugs.Br MedJ3 1980;
Scotland <i>v</i> England deal on prescribed drugs
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I am sorry to learn that Webb et al were disappointed to read my piece prompted by the decision of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on bortezomib—and also puzzled. The word “disappointed” would seem to imply that I was critical of the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) and its actions. Far from it. 

In the first place—and in contrast to the Daily Mail story quoted—I went …
Sunscreen Counseling by US Physicians
Authors: Daniel G. Federman, Robert S. Kirsner, John Concato
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aortic Transection Following Air-Bag Deployment
Authors: Brian J. deGuzman, Anthony S. Morgan, William F. Pharr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Deceleration injury to the thoracic aorta due to high-speed motor vehicle collisions is a well-known phenomenon. Air bags have been shown to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with high-speed injuries when used in conjunction with lap and shoulder belts.1,2 Air-bag deployment alone has recently been implicated as a cause of clinically significant thoracic injury to unrestrained drivers.2–4 Air bags inflate at a rate of 6 liters per millisecond, generating a velocity that has been measured at 157 to 338 km per hour (98 to 211 miles per hour).5 Injury of the descending thoracic aorta . . .
Transmission of Norwalk Virus during a Football Game
Authors: Karen M. Becker, Christine L. Moe, Karen L. Southwick, J. Newton MacCormack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

During a college football game in Florida, diarrhea and vomiting developed in many of the members of a North Carolina team. The next day, similar symptoms developed in some of the players on the opposing team.We interviewed those who ate the five meals served to the North Carolina team before the game and some of the players on the opposing team who became ill. Patients with primary cases were members or staff of the team who had vomiting or diarrhea at least 10 hours after but no more than 50 hours after eating a box lunch served the day before the game. Patients with secondary cases had a later onset of symptoms or had symptoms without having eaten the box lunch. Stool samples were examined by electron microscopy and by a reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay.The two football teams shared no food or beverages and had no contact off the playing field. Of five meals served to the North Carolina team before the game, only the box lunch was associated with a significant risk of illness (relative risk of illness, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 10.0). The rate of attack among those who ate the box lunch was 62 percent. There were 11 secondary cases among the members and staff of the North Carolina team and 11 such cases among the Florida players. All four stool samples obtained from North Carolina patients were positive for Norwalk-like virus on electron microscopy. All four samples as well as one of two stool samples from players on the Florida team were positive for a Norwalk-like virus of genogroup I on RT-PCR assay; the RT-PCR products had identical sequences.This investigation documents person-to-person transmission of Norwalk virus among players during a football game. Persons with acute gastroenteritis should be excluded from playing contact sports.
Erythropoietin receptor and hematological disease
Authors: Mary Frances McMullin, Melanie J. Percy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

This review will discuss evidence for the role of the erythropoietin (Epo) receptor in the development of erythrocytosis and other hematological disorders. The possible causative role of mutations of other genes in the pathogenesis of idiopathic erythrocytosis will be considered. Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder that is caused by an undefined stem cell abnormality, characterized by a significant erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis. However, erythrocytosis may arise from apparent (or relative) polycythemia in which the hematocrit is raised due to a low plasma volume. In such cases the red cell mass is normal. A group of disorders with increased red cell mass caused by stimulation of erythrocyte production is known as secondary polycythemia. Investigation of such patients may reveal a congenital abnormality such as high affinity hemoglobin or an acquired abnormality caused, for example, by smoking, renal vascular impairment, or an Epo-producing tumor. Even after thorough examination there remains a cohort of patients for whom no definite cause for the erythrocytosis can be established. A careful clinical history may reveal whether this idiopathic erythrocytosis is likely to be congenital and/or familial, in which case the term "primary familial and congenital polycythemia" is sometimes applied. Access to a range of laboratory investigations may define the molecular pathophysiology. We will now discuss how this process can be investigated. Am. J. Hematol. 60:55–60, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins: Evaluation of cross-reactivity with a panel of penicillins and cephalosporins
Authors: Cristina Antunez, Natalia Blanca-Lopez, Maria Jose Torres, Cristobalina Mayorga, Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa, Maria Isabel Montañez, Tahia Fernandez, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Administration of bortezomib before and after autologous stem cell transplantation improves outcome in multiple myeloma patients with deletion 17p
Authors: Kai Neben, Henk M. Lokhorst, Anna Jauch, Uta Bertsch, Thomas Hielscher, Bronno van der Holt, Hans Salwender, Igor W. Blau, Katja Weisel, Michael Pfreundschuh, Christof Scheid, Ulrich Dührsen, Walter Lindemann, Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf, Norma Peter, Christian Teschendorf, Hans Martin, Mathias Haenel, Hans G. Derigs, Marc S. Raab, Anthony D. Ho, Helgi van de Velde, Dirk Hose, Pieter Sonneveld, Hartmut Goldschmidt
Journal: Blood (2011)
Metabolic Enzymes as Oncogenes or Tumor Suppressors
Authors: Craig B. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Whether mutations in metabolic pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer is controversial.1,2 Cancer cells have long been noted to preferentially metabolize glucose through glycolysis, a discovery that has been translated to the clinic through positron-emission-tomography imaging of 18F-deoxyglucose uptake in tumors. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered recurrent somatic mutations in four genes involved in the metabolism of mitochondrial citrate that either cause or predispose cells to become malignant.In this issue of the Journal, Yan and colleagues3 report that 70% or more of low-grade gliomas bear mutations in one of two NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes (IDH1 and . . .
GMC sets up steering group on revalidation
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Britain's General Medical Council (GMC) has agreed that specialists and GPs must be able to show–on a regular basis–that they are keeping up to date and remain fit to practise.

The council passed this recommendation unanimously at its recent biannual meeting and agreed to set up a steering group to propose appropriate mechanisms, including revalidation. It decided, however, to leave on the table a recommendation that the revalidation should be linked to entry in the specialist register and a general practice equivalent until the steering grouphas reported. …
3-Chlorotyrosine, a specific marker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation, is markedly elevated in low density lipoprotein isolated from human atherosclerotic intima.
Authors: S L Hazen, J W Heinecke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Oxidation of LDL may be of pivotal importance in atherogenesis, but the mechanisms that promote oxidation in vivo remain poorly understood. We have explored the possibility that one pathway involves myeloperoxidase, a heme protein secreted by phagocytes. Myeloperoxidase is the only human enzyme known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidizing agent, at physiological halide concentrations. LDL exposed to the complete myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl- system underwent chlorination of its protein tyrosyl residues. Treatment of LDL with reagent HOCl resulted in 3-chlorotyrosine formation, implicating HOCl as an intermediate in the enzymatic reaction pathway. In contrast, 3-chlorotyrosine was undetectable in LDL oxidized by hydroxyl radical, copper, iron, hemin, glucose, peroxynitrite, horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, or lipoxygenase. These results indicate that 3-chlorotyrosine is a specific marker for LDL oxidation by myeloperoxidase. To address the role of myeloperoxidase in promoting LDL oxidation in vivo, we used stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify 3-chlorotyrosine in human aortic tissue and in LDL isolated from atherosclerotic lesions. The level of 3-chlorotyrosine in atherosclerotic tissue obtained during vascular surgery was sixfold higher than that of normal aortic intima. Moreover, the level of 3-chlorotyrosine was 30-fold higher in LDL isolated from atherosclerotic intima compared with circulating LDL. The detection of 3-chlorotyrosine in human atherosclerotic lesions indicates that halogenation reactions catalyzed by the myeloperoxidase system of phagocytes constitute one pathway for protein oxidation in vivo. These findings raise the possibility that the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl- system plays a critical role in converting LDL into an atherogenic form.
Use of a Surgical Specimen-Collection Kit to Improve Mediastinal Lymph-Node Examination of Resectable Lung Cancer
Authors: Raymond U. Osarogiagbon, Laura E. Miller, Robert A. Ramirez, Christopher G. Wang, Thomas F. O’Brien, Xinhua Yu, Alim Khandekar, Glenn P. Schoettle, Samuel G. Robbins, Edward T. Robbins, Jeffrey B. Gibson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Passage of Thermometer Through the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The literature has references to a variety of foreign bodies found in the appendix in the gastrointestinal tract,<sup>1</sup>but we have been unable to locate a report in which an intact oral thermometer has been swallowed inadvertently and passed completely through the gastrointestinal tract. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 26-year-old man involved in an auto accident in May 1969 suffered a head injury with a resultant spastic quadriplegia. He had five neurosurgical procedures done on his head, was hyperreflexic throughout, and markedly uncoordinated in all extremities. He responded to simple commands when they were repeated. His speech was reported as perseveration considerably enriched with profanity. The nursing orders clearly stated that the rectal temperature was to be taken once daily. On Dec 30, 1971, a nursing aide attempted to take the<i>oral</i>temperature. When the aide came back to record the temperature she could not find
Adding Systematic Family History Enquiry to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Clinical Utility in Primary Care
Authors: David Goff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters17 July 2012Adding Systematic Family History Enquiry to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Clinical Utility in Primary CareDavid Goff, MD, PhDDavid Goff, MD, PhDFrom Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the article by Qureshi and colleagues (1) with concern. Whereas the clinical trial methodology is admirable, the scientific questions are not helpful to understanding the role of data on family history in improving risk assessment. On a superficial level, the idea that risk can only be upgraded is incorrect. If a positive family history is used to upgrade risk, a negative family history should be used to downgrade risk. Otherwise, the calibration of the underlying model is ignored.On a more substantive level, this study provides no evidence on whether data on family history provide ...Reference1. Qureshi N, Armstrong S, Dhiman P, Saukko P, Middlemass J, Evans PH, et al; ADDFAM (Added Value of Family History in CVD Risk Assessment) Study Group. Effect of adding systematic family history enquiry to cardiovascular disease risk assessment in primary care: a matched-pair, cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:253-62. [PMID: 22351711] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045.Disclosures: Dr. Goff has served within the past year (no longer active) as a member of the Operations Committee for a clinical trial of a glucose-lowering medication marketed by Merck & Co. and currently serves as a member of a data and safety monitoring board for a clinical trial of a glucose-lowering medication marketed by Takeda. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Adding Systematic Family History Enquiry to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in Primary Care Nadeem Qureshi , Sarah Armstrong , Paula Dhiman , Paula Saukko , Joan Middlemass , Philip H. Evans , Joe Kai , and Adding Systematic Family History Enquiry to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Clinical Utility in Primary Care John Robson , Julia Hippisley-Cox , and Peter Brindle Adding Systematic Family History Enquiry to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Clinical Utility in Primary Care Nadeem Qureshi , Paula Dhiman , and Joe Kai Metrics 17 July 2012Volume 157, Issue 2Page: 148KeywordsBehaviorCardiovascular disease riskClinical trialsConflicts of interestPatients ePublished: 17 July 2012 Issue Published: 17 July 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Familial Varices of the Colon
Authors: E. M. Beermann, M. B. Lagaay, J. M. van Nouhuys, D. Overbosch
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Two patients from the same family with varices throughout the entire colon and no apparent portal hypertension, are described. One patient experienced profuse bleeding after polypectomy, the other had recurrent rectal blood loss.
Audit shows large regional variations in uptake of breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS trusts and independent hospitals should review the way they offer breast reconstruction to women who are undergoing mastectomy, recommends a report from breast and plastic surgeons.

The second report from the national mastectomy and breast reconstruction audit undertaken by the Royal College of Surgeons shows that more women in England with a diagnosis of breast cancer are opting for an immediate reconstruction than when the audit team last reported. Between January 2008 and March 2009 one in five women chose this option, whereas in 2006 it was one in nine. 

But uptake of reconstruction varies widely from one part of …
Inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in post-ischaemic myocardium
Authors: R KNIGHT, K KOFOED, H SCHELBERT, D BUXTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective:Myocardial reperfusion following brief periods of ischaemia is associated with prolonged, reversible periods of metabolic dysfunction. As the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is inhibited in vitro by reactive oxygen species, we hypothesized that production of reactive oxygen species during reperfusion would lead to inhibition of GAPDH in post-ischaemic myocardium. Methods: Anaesthetized closed-chest dogs were subjected to 20 min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Biopsy samples were taken after 3 and 24 h of reperfusion, to determine the activity of GAPDH and the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates in post-ischaemic and remote, non-ischaemic territories. Results: A significant reduction in GAPDH activity was observed in post-ischaemic relative to remote tissue after 3 h reperfusion (4.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 μmol/min/mg protein; P < 0.01). Western blotting revealed no reduction in the levels of GAPDH protein. Analysis of enzyme kinetics showed the loss of activity to be associated with decreased Vmax (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.2 μmol/min/mg protein; P < 0.01) with no significant change in the Km for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). Incubation of the inhibited enzyme under both mild and strong reducing conditions failed to reactivate the enzyme. The acute reduction in enzyme activity in post-ischaemic tissue was accompanied by regional differences in glycolytic intermediates, notably a twofold accumulation of GAP (P < 0.05), and a reduction in the glucose metabolic rate (GMR) determined by positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluorodeoxyglucose. By 24 h reperfusion, no regional differences in GAPDH activity, reaction Vmax or Km, GAP concentrations or GMR were detectable. Conclusions: These results suggest that inhibition of GAPDH activity may represent an important point at which glycolysis is limited during reperfusion, and further, that the mechanisms of enzyme inhibition do not involve simple oxidation or S-thiolation of critical active site thiol groups.