tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acetaldehyde adducts with hemoglobin.
Authors: V J Stevens, W J Fantl, C B Newman, R V Sims, A Cerami, C M Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Clinical studies on the minor hemoglobins (hemoglobin A1a-c) have suggested that a novel adduct may form in people abusing alcohol. Such patients were found to have an elevated concentration of minor hemoglobins, but normal or subnormal amounts of glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) as determined by radioimmunoassay, Acetaldehyde, a reactive metabolite of ethanol, was postulated to form adducts with hemoglobin A that change its chromatographic properties. At physiological concentrations, acetaldehyde was found to form adducts with hemoglobin that were stable to extensive dialysis for several days. The amount of hemoglobin adducts formed were a function of the concentration and number of exposures to acetaldehyde. The reaction of acetaldehyde with hemoglobin A produced chromatographic variants, some of which migrated in the hemoglobin A1a-c region. Analysis of stable acetaldehyde-hemoglobin adducts demonstrated that valine, lysine, and tyrosine residues of globin were sites of reaction. The acetaldehyde-modified amino acid residues appear to exist in interconvertible conformations, only one of which is reducible by sodium borohydride. The amount of these adducts was found to be significantly elevated in hemoglobin from alcoholics as compared with normal volunteers.
Introductory Address on the Intervention of the State in the Affairs of the Medical Profession
Authors: None Huxley
Journal: BMJ (1883)

Tniu duty that I have just had the honour to perform, ladies and gentlemen, is an exceedingly pleasant and a very easy one, and, so far as I am concerned, I couild wish that my duties this evening ended at the present point, because I am under orders to follow up the proceeding which has now taken place by an address, and that, at any rate so far as I am concerned, is not quite so easy or quite so pleasant.But, in turning over in my mind the topics upon which it might be expedient to address a few remarks to you, I imagined that my audience would be composed entirely of busy professional men, or of students who, as we know, are always immersed in the laborious acquisition of the knowledge which is required for their profession, or of those ladies who are devoting themselves to a familiarity with the not less important duties of attendance upon the sick bed.But I observe that my audience is not entirely com- posed of these purely professional elements.On the other hand, if I mistake not, there is a very large infusion of the general public, and therefore I count it as a fortunate circumstance that I happen to have hit upon a topic which has an enduring and very great in- terest for the profession, and yet, at the same time, concerns the general public more than they think.That topic is the question of the intervention of the State into the affairs of the medical profession.
Lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis.
Authors: J M Fowler, D J Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1976)

only in this position and even slept in this manner.This was not an individual habit and had not been present before the onset of this illness.The only other physical signs were in the abdomen, where there was slight general distension and a characteristic tumour palpable in the left iliac fossa.Rectal examination was normal.Laparotomy was performed that evening, and an easily reducible caecocolic intussusception was found, which, owing to partial spontaneous reduction, was in the left hypochondrium.Numerous enlarged lymph nodes were found in the mesentery, and histological examination of one of these showed reactive hyperplasia.The child made an uneventful recovery.The position adopted by this child clearly relieved his pain, and in view of the anatomy in this particular case it would seem likely that the child was unconsciously using gravity in an attempt to reduce the intussusception.This sign does not feature in textbooks and is obviously unusual.It was not encountered in any of 67 cases described in clinical detail by Kark and Rundle.'However, although unusual, the sign is a dramatic one and should alert one -to the diagnosis at a glance if its significance is appreciated.
First prostate cancer audit calls for wider use of modern imaging techniques
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be made more widely available to improve diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients with prostate cancer, recommends the first audit of prostate cancer services in England and Wales.1

The National Prostate Cancer Audit found that 75% of hospitals in England and 60% of those in Wales provided multiparametric MRI scanning. The report recommended that this modern imaging technique be made more widely available to decrease the likelihood of unnecessary re-biopsy and to …
Human placental transport of cimetidine.
Authors: S Schenker, J Dicke, R F Johnson, L L Mor, G I Henderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

This study addresses the mechanism of transport of the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, by the human placenta. A 4-h recycling perfusion of a single placental cotyledon of normal, term, human placenta was used. At a maternal concentration of 1 microgram/ml, cimetidine clearance from the maternal circulation was 0.58 +/- 0.16 ml/min per g placenta, a rate about one third that of antipyrine. There was no evidence of cimetidine metabolism by the placenta. Transfer of cimetidine from maternal to fetal compartments showed no saturation kinetics and was not inhibited by putative carrier competitors. Cimetidine did not accumulate against a drug concentration gradient. Fetal clearance of cimetidine was similar to maternal clearance. Studies with placental apical vesicles confirmed lack of saturability of cimetidine transport and of its concentration within vesicles. Thus, (a) cimetidine is transported across the human placenta bidirectionally at a rate about one third that of antipyrine, (b) the drug is not metabolized by the placenta, and (c) the transport is a passive one.
USE OF OPIUM IN INFANCY, SEEN IN ADULT LIFE.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The danger of opium as a remedy in infancy has only recently been recognized. Many physicians give the drug or its alkaloids without the slightest recognition of its possible injurious effects on the organism in the future. In a recent text-book, a statement is made that the action of opium is transient in infancy, and without danger except in large doses. The prominence of certain proprietary drugs, as soothing syrups for children, and the characteristic effects of opium, with the great injuries noted later, have brought out facts of the damage from these sources. In current literature little notice is taken of this danger, and yet a great variety of facts are constantly appearing, pointing out the disease and degeneration clearly traceable to this cause. In all probability the largest use of opium in infancy comes from its domestic application. The various tinctures and infusions are household remedies and, in
Lymphangiography by Lymph-Node Injection
Authors: Robert C. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Lymphangiography, introduced by Kinmonth<sup>1</sup>of England in 1955, is becoming increasingly important in diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease.<sup>2</sup>Because Kinmonth's technique, which involves cannulation of a tiny lymphatic channel in the foot, is occasionally difficult and often timeconsuming, use of lymphangiography has been somewhat restricted. For this reason injection of lymph nodes has been developed as an alternate and simplified technique. Since lymph must flow through nodes in order to circulate, lymph nodes can be considered to be intermittent dilations of lymphatic vessels. Although there is some difference of opinion<sup>3</sup>most anatomists agree that there are no endothelial-lined channels through nodes; rather, lymph seeps between cells which are suspended in a reticular, cobweb-like mesh. Flow generally follows the path of least resistance through the coarse mesh with its suspended reticuloendothelial cells.<sup>4</sup>Thus a needle introduced anywhere within the capsule of a lymph node is in
Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: J. F FRIES, D. A BLOCH;, E. LINDQVIST, K. EBERHARDT
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

The paper “Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease onset in the 1980s” is of considerable interest.1 A decrease in mortality risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in more recent years would be important, even if only in the first 10 years of RA. However, this inception cohort differs from those previously published so that no direct comparison is possible. As earlier (and older and larger) studies have shown standardised mortality ratios of two to three, a finding of “normal” mortality might imply that more recently used treatment strategies are reversing the excessive mortality in RA previously observed.

Yet, even at first perusal, there are a lot of deaths in this series of relatively young people. …
CESAREAN SECTION THREE TIMES IN THE SAME PERSON IN SIX AND ONE-HALF YEARS.
Authors: J. W. COAKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

August 3, 1893 I was called to see Mrs. P., aged 30 years, in her fourth pregnancy. She had had previously one abortion, and I had performed craniotomy in two preceding labors on account of a contraction of the pelvis. Its conjugate diameter was but two and a half inches. I decided not to destroy this, the fourth child, and the mother consented to an operation. I operated on the morning of August 4, assisted by Drs. Sweet and Bryant. Every antiseptic detail was carried out. I made an incision to the peritoneum, through the abdominal wall in the median line, from 4 inches above the umbilicus to within 2 inches of the pubes. The peritoneum was opened on a grooved director with scissors and the uterus lifted bodily outside the abdominal cavity and wrapped in hot antiseptic towels. The upper part of the wound was temporarily closed with silver
CLINICAL REMARKS ON CYSTIC SARCOMA AND CANCER OF THE FEMALE BREAST
Authors: J. S. Gamgee
Journal: BMJ (1854)

OflUIAL CtM1JlCATIOS."S -46 .eito whih the habits and circumstances of ~hn t can be cotrolled and egulated and the pro- cacy oftheremeias applied, wi the view in wipect of them al (a) of retardng the progress of the _mt afction,-(b) of warding off secondary affections,- and (c) of removing thee when they supervee: these veral objects furnishing at the same time the main indi- Wio£i ofBZATZN.
Exercise and Weight Control
Authors: J. Roswell Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I offer a reply that disagrees with an answer given in the QUESTION AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal(<b>202</b>:1060, 1967)? The question was: "Does exercise have an important function in weight control?" I believe it does, both in maintaining an appropriate weight and in reducing excessive fatness. For years we have seen tables that assign different caloric requirements for sedentary and for strenuous occupations; for centuries farmers have penned up livestock they wish to fatten. Sitting clearly burns up fewer calories than walking; and fatness most certainly is affected by the proportion between the calories taken in and the calories expended. It has frequently been stated that, since it takes a 35-mile walk to lose a pound of fat, exercise is of little value in the treatment of obesity. However, such a statement has no relevance to a sensible program of daily exercise. Just
Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pitavastatin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization/Rupture in Mice by Regulating the Recruitment of Inflammatory Monocytes
Authors: Shunsuke Katsuki, Tetsuya Matoba, Soichi Nakashiro, Kei Sato, Jun-ichiro Koga, Kaku Nakano, Yasuhiro Nakano, Shizuka Egusa, Kenji Sunagawa, Kensuke Egashira
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Preventing atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture is the most reasonable therapeutic strategy for acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that (1) inflammatory monocytes play a causative role in plaque destabilization and rupture and (2) the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin into circulating inflammatory monocytes inhibits plaque destabilization and rupture.We used a model of plaque destabilization and rupture in the brachiocephalic arteries of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat diet and infused with angiotensin II. The adoptive transfer of CCR2(+/+)Ly-6C(high) inflammatory macrophages, but not CCR2(-/-) leukocytes, accelerated plaque destabilization associated with increased serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte-colony stimulating factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. We prepared poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles that were incorporated by Ly-6G(-)CD11b(+) monocytes and delivered into atherosclerotic plaques after intravenous administration. Intravenous treatment with pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles, but not with control nanoparticles or pitavastatin alone, inhibited plaque destabilization and rupture associated with decreased monocyte infiltration and gelatinase activity in the plaque. Pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles inhibited MCP-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis and the secretion of MCP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 from cultured macrophages. Furthermore, the nanoparticle-mediated anti-MCP-1 gene therapy reduced the incidence of plaque destabilization and rupture.The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes is critical in the pathogenesis of plaque destabilization and rupture, and nanoparticle-mediated pitavastatin delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit plaque destabilization and rupture by regulating MCP-1/CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment in this model.
The ”ELITE” model: construct validation of a new training system for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
Authors: S. Gillen, D. Wilhelm, A. Meining, A. Fiolka, E. Doundoulakis, A. Schneider, S. von Delius, H. Friess, H. Feussner
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The ELITE (endoscopic-laparoscopic interdisciplinary training entity) trainer is a new ex vivo model designed to train conventional laparoscopic and endoscopic skills and to perform hybrid interventions. The aim of the present study was to assess its usefulness for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures.A group of 30 participants (eight gastroenterologists, 22 surgeons) ranging from novices to experts completed the following tasks. Via a trans-sigmoidal approach, anchor points in each quadrant in the abdominal cavity had to be reached. Each participant performed five consecutive courses. The time needed to perform the experiment was evaluated. In a second step to assess advanced skill for NOTES in an external face validation, 20 randomly selected individuals performed a cholecystectomy via the same trans-sigmoidal access.All participants passed a significant learning curve during the assessment (total time needed: 473.1 +/- 178.5 seconds for first pass vs. 321.9 +/- 182.0 seconds for fifth pass; P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). There were 15 novices and 15 endoscopy experts. Significant differences were observed for the total time required to perform the respective procedures between these two groups (first pass: 394.3 +/- 176.6 seconds for experts vs. 531.9 +/- 166.7 seconds for novices; P = 0.040, Mann-Whitney test). Furthermore, NOTES cholecystectomies could successfully be simulated. Participants considered the ELITE to represent a useful simulator for NOTES.The newly developed ELITE trainer is a suitable tool to train NOTES techniques. Experts could reliably be distinguished from novices and a significant progress by training could be demonstrated.
Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Polyploidy and Multinucleation by CyclinG1
Authors: Zhipei Liu, Shijing Yue, Xiaobo Chen, Thomas Kubin, Thomas Braun
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Polyploidy and multinucleation are characteristic features of mammalian cardiomyocytes, which develop shortly after birth when most differentiated cardiomyocytes become acytokinetic. Cardiac overload and hypertrophy further increase the degree of polyploidy of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a role in cell type-specific responses to physiological and pathological stimuli.We sought to study the function of cyclinG1 in the regulation of polyploidy and multinucleation in cardiomyocytes.We found that expression of cyclinG1, a transcriptional target of p53, coincides with arrest of cardiomyocyte proliferation and onset of polyploidization. Overexpression of cyclinG1 promoted DNA synthesis but inhibited cytokinesis in neonatal cardiomyocytes leading to an enlarged population of binuclear cardiomyocytes. Reciprocally, inactivation of the cyclinG1 gene in mice lowered the degree of polyploidy and multinucleation in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, lack of cyclinG1 prevented the increase of polynucleated cardiomyocytes in response to pressure overload and hypertrophy.CyclinG1 is an important player for the regulation of polyploidy and multinucleation in cardiomyocytes probably by inhibition of apoptosis caused by checkpoint activation.
Endogenous chemical mediators of ventricular arrhythmias in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: M. J Curtis, M. K Pugsley, M. J A Walker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Endogenous chemical mediators of ventricular arrhythmias in ischaemic heart disease Get access Michael J Curtis, Michael J Curtis Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada. Correspondence to Dr Curtis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael K Pugsley, Michael K Pugsley Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J A Walker Michael J A Walker Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 5, May 1993, Pages 703–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.5.703 Published: 01 May 1993 Article history Accepted: 15 March 1992 Received: 23 September 1992 Published: 01 May 1993
Still's disease and haemophagocytic syndrome.
Authors: A M Prieur, A Fischer, C Griscelli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

SIR, A double-contrast arthrographic technique was used in the first six frozen shoulder patients studied, but no advantage was found over the single-contrast technique, and the latter technique was used in the remaining patients.These details were unfortunately omitted from the final draft of the paper.However, the procedures were performed under x-ray control, and adequate joint outline was obtained with both methods.There was no difference in the rate or extent of recovery of pain or range of passive movement and no difference in the frequency or severity of side effects with either technique.We therefore stand by our observation which is, as Wright and Haq' suggested, that arthrographic features are not consistent in patients with painful stiff shoulders.
A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Michael Jerrett, Murray M. Finkelstein, Jeffrey R. Brook, M. Altaf Arain, Palvos Kanaroglou, Dave M. Stieb, Nicolas L. Gilbert, Dave Verma, Norm Finkelstein, Kenneth R. Chapman, Malcolm R. Sears
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to premature mortality, but few studies to date have addressed this topic.In this study we assessed the association between TRAP and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.We collected nitrogen dioxide samples over two seasons using duplicate two-sided Ogawa passive diffusion samplers at 143 locations across Toronto. We calibrated land use regressions to predict NO2 exposure on a fine scale within Toronto. We used interpolations to predict levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) and ozone levels. We assigned predicted pollution exposures to 2,360 subjects from a respiratory clinic, and abstracted health data on these subjects from medical billings, lung function tests, and diagnoses by pulmonologists. We tracked mortality between 1992 and 2002. We used standard and multilevel Cox proportional hazard models to test associations between air pollution and mortality.After controlling for age, sex, lung function, obesity, smoking, and neighborhood deprivation, we observed a 17% increase in all-cause mortality and a 40% increase in circulatory mortality from an exposure contrast across the interquartile range of 4 ppb NO2. We observed no significant associations with other pollutants.Exposure to TRAP was significantly associated with increased all-cause and circulatory mortality in this cohort. A high prevalence of cardiopulmonary disease in the cohort probably limits inference of the findings to populations with a substantial proportion of susceptible individuals.
A role for factor XIIa–mediated factor XI activation in thrombus formation in vivo
Authors: Qiufang Cheng, Erik I. Tucker, Meghann S. Pine, India Sisler, Anton Matafonov, Mao-fu Sun, Tara C. White-Adams, Stephanie A. Smith, Stephen R. Hanson, Owen J. T. McCarty, Thomas Renné, András Gruber, David Gailani
Journal: Blood (2010)
Causes of Iron Overload
Authors: Bruce R. Bacon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IN people of Northern European descent, hereditary hemochromatosis is a common cause of iron overload. In the United States, Australia, and Europe, the frequency of the gene is approximately 5 percent, with 0.2 to 0.7 percent of the population being homozygous and 8 to 14 percent heterozygous.1 The discrepancy between this high prevalence and the actual frequency of diagnosis of hemochromatosis can be attributed to lack of recognition of the disease, confusion of the symptoms with those of other diseases (e.g., chronic liver disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and arthritis), and incomplete phenotypic expression in some affected persons. The disease . . .
Is Bordetella pertussis clonal?
Authors: T. H. Pennington, K. J. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and a review of systems in only seven.A clear statement of the indications for treatment with lithium was found in 18 of the notes, while an explicit treatment plan had been preserved in only five.In none of the case notes was there a record suggesting that the patient had been informed of the possible side effects or toxicity of lithium, nor of the need to have regular blood tests and to maintain adequate fluid intake.Lithium is known to be a toxic drug and patients are undoubtedly given information about its use, but this should be recorded, particularly in view ofrecent medicolegal interest in the use of lithium.Kehoe and Mander comment that certain aspects of lithium prescribing and monitoring habits give cause for concern; our audit suggests that this concern should also be extended to the period when lithium is first prescribed and to the recording of treatment and advice given.