tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Pseudotumor of the Pelvis as Demonstrated by Technetium-99m MDP Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: OREST B. BOYKO, GARY J. BECKER, ROBERT W. BURT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 63-year-old male with right hip pain presented for Tc-99m MDP three-phase skeletal scintigraphic evaluation for loosening of his right total hip prosthesis. The dynamic flow study showed delayed filling of the right common and external iliac arteries. Also demonstrated were two large contiguous areas of intense activity in the pelvis and left lower abdominal quadrant, suggesting hypervascular mass(es). No masses were found on a CT scan of the pelvis. Review of an arteriogram done eighteen months previously disclosed complete occlusion of the right common iliac artery with distal reconstitution of the right external iliac artery via extensive collateral pathways. These small collateral vessels are difficult to resolve scintigraphically, yet collectively they account for the hypervascular pseudotumor seen on dynamic flow Tc-99m MDP images.
Acute liver injury following infection with a cytopathic strain of duck hepatitis B virus
Authors: Raymond J. Lenhoff, Carolyn A. Luscombe, Jesse Summers
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

A variant avian hepadnavirus that has been shown to destroy hepatocytes in vitro was found to be cytopathic in vivo . A single amino acid change of glycine to glutamic acid at position 133 (G133E) in the preS protein of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) caused an increase in the intranuclear pool of viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), resulting in a transient elevation of viral replication and eventual hepatocyte destruction. In vivo viral infection with the G133E virus was compared with infection with wild–type virus over a 72–day period. Birds were inoculated with virus at day 2 post–hatch to ensure a high percentage of infected hepatocytes and potential persistence of virus. Birds infected with the G133E virus had increased periportal cellular proliferation and numerous lysed apoptotic hepatocytes following 100% infection of hepatocytes. The liver damage within G133E virus-infected birds subsided over time, resulting in mild chronic hepatitis that was similar to that observed within wild–type virus–infected birds. The subsidence of liver damage in G133E virus-infected birds coincided with a reduction of viral cccDNA to wild–type virus levels in the liver. Our study indicates that maintenance of wild–type levels of viral cccDNA promotes persistence of virus infection by establishing a noncytopathic infection.
An Address on Collective Investigation of Disease
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1884)

for both sugar and albumen in every specimen of urine.This double qualitative testing, which occupies less than two minutes, is done as follows.To about a drachm of urine in a test-tube is added an equal volume of a saturated solution of picric acid.If albumen be present, the liquid is rendered more or less turbid, and this turbidity is increased by boiling.Then half a drachm of liquor potasse is added to the boiling mixture, the albumen, if present, is redissolved, and the boiling is continued for about thirty seconds.If sugar be present in the proportion of a grain to the ounce, the liquid will become darker than the quarter-grain standard, and two grains or more to the ounce will make the mixture black.The presence of an excess of sugar having thus been ascertained, the actual amount may be speedily and accurately determined by the quantitative method of analysis before described.
Reducing vertical transmission of HIV in the UK
Authors: A. Nicoll, C. Peckham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers pp 1227, 1230 

For five years we have known that administering zidovudine to HIV infected women during pregnancy and in labour, and to the neonate for the first 6 weeks of life, greatly reduces mother to child transmission of HIV.1 This intervention, together with delivery by caesarean section and avoiding breast feeding, has reduced the risk of transmission from over 20% to well under 5%.2 In the United States, where antiretroviral therapy is widely used to reduce perinatal transmission, the incidence of AIDS in infants, a sensitive indicator of mother to child transmission, has fallen by 80%.3 In the United Kingdom, although routine antenatal testing for HIV infection has officially been recommended for high prevalence areas since 1994, most maternal HIV infections remain undetected.4 Thus the number of infants presenting with AIDS in the UK has not declined, as it has in other European countries, and in 1997 was higher than in France, Italy, or Spain. Yet these countries have adult HIV burdens four or more times greater than that of the UK.5

In 1997 the unlinked anonymous programmes of HIV testing found evidence of 265 births to HIV infected women, 195 …
Tc-99m Sestamibi and Other Agents in the Detection of Metastatic Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: GILLES LEBOUTHILLIER, JACQUES MORAIS, MICHEL PICARD, DANIEL PICARD, RAYMONDE CHARTRAND, PIERRE DʼAMOUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The 10-year survival rate for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) is 50%; thus, good tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are needed to localize foci of recurrence and metastasis during follow-up. Two patients with metastatic MCT were studied with Tl-201, l-131 MIBG, Tc-99m (V)-DMSA, and Tc-99m MIBI. A SPECT study with the latter agent allowed the visualization and precise localization of a metastatic mediastinal lymph node. More studies need to be done to evaluate the role of Tc-99m MIBI in the detection of recurrence and metastases of MCT.
Effect of Sodium Restriction on Renal Hypertension and on Renin Activity in the Rat
Authors: L. W. MIKSCHE, ULRIKE MIKSCHE, F. Gross
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Control rats and rats with experimental renal hypertension due to unilateral stenosis of one renal artery received a standard diet (0.23% sodium) and a sodium-deficient diet (0.004% sodium), alternately, during which time blood pressure and plasma renin activity were determined. At the end of the experiment, renin content of the kidneys was measured. In normotensive control rats, the sodium-deficient diet did not affect blood pressure, but plasma renin activity and renin content of the kidneys increased. In rats with renal hypertension, restriction of sodium supply was followed by a fall in blood pressure to normotensive levels, provided that an intact contralateral kidney was present. Similarly, sodium-deficient diet prevented the development of hypertension if given immediately after placing the clip on one renal artery. Restriction of sodium supply provoked a marked increase in plasma renin activity, whereas renin content of the ischemic kidney was only slightly, but significantly, higher than in rats with normal sodium intake. Contrary to this, in unilaterally nephrectomized rats with renal hypertension, neither hypertension nor plasma renin activity or renin content of the kidneys was affected by sodium-deficient diet. In control rats with unilateral nephrectomy, plasma renin activity was only half that of intact rats, and restriction of sodium provoked no more than an increase up to normal values of intact rats. Sodium loss by the contralateral kidney may contribute to both the antihypertensive effect of a sodium-deficient diet and the increase in plasma renin activity.
Fulminant hepatitis B in infants born to anti-HBe hepatitis B carrier mothers.
Authors: S. V. Beath, E. H. Boxall, R. M. Watson, M. J. Tarlow, D. A. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Natural course and follow up * The irritable bowel syndrome is a positive diagnosis, made on the basis of characteristic symptoms and signs, usually without extensive investigation * The most important aspect of management is explanation and reassurance, allied to detection of underlying psychological factors and careful selection of treatment options
Insights From Monogenic Diabetes and Glycemic Treatment Goals for Common Types of Diabetes
Authors: Jose C. Florez
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition upon human lymphocyte blastogenesis.
Authors: D A Carson, J E Seegmiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The biochemical mechanisms by which a genetically determined deficiency of adenosine deaminase leads to immunodeficiency are still poorly understood and prompted this study. We have examined the effects of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) upon the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). Cells isolated from normal volunteers were incubated in microtiter plates in the presence of various inhibitors, and the incorporation of tritrated thymidine or leucine into macromolecular material was measured after 64 h. EHNA at a concentration of 0.3 muM, which inhibited 90% of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in a mononuclear preparation, impaired the incorporation of tritrated leucine into protein; 100 muM EHNA was the minimal concentration that inhibited thymidine uptake. The addition of 15 muM adenosine or 10 muM cyclic AMP to Con A-stimulated lymphocytes inhibited leucine uptake, while millimolar concentrations were required to inhibit thymidine uptake. Lower doses of adenosine and cyclic AMP stimulated thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of thymidine uptake observed with millimolar concentrations of adenosine was independent of the type of mitogen (pokeweed or Con A), the concentration of mitogen, or the medium used, but could be increased if the cells were cultured in a serum with reduced levels of adenosine deaminase. Washout experiments failed to demonstrate a critical period early in immune induction during which adenosine exerted its inhibitory effects. Noninhibitory doses of EHNA potentiated the effects of adenosine and cyclic AMP on leucine and thymidine uptake. EHNA at a concentration of 50 muM also potentiated the inhibitory effects on thymidine uptake of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, butyric acid, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol, but not theophylline. When mitogenesis was assayed by leucine incorporations, no synergy between EHNA and these compounds was apparent. Uridine relieved to some extent the inhibition of blastogenesis produced by adenosine and cyclic AMP, but not by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, norepinephreine, isoproterenol, or theophylline. Neither uridine alone nor uridine plus adenosine protected lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of EHNA.
Increased xanthine oxidase activity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: S. Spiekermann, K. Schenk, M. M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 1–4. A major contributor to oxidative stress is the endothelium-bound enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which is involved in the generation of superoxide anions and peroxynitrite 5. These reactive oxygen species have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage 5. In vivo , XO is bound to the surface of endothelial cells by glycosaminoglycans and can be released into plasma …
Venous Thromboembolism After Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Vincent Q. Trinh, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Jesse Sammon, Maxine Sun, Shyam Sukumar, Mai-Kim Gervais, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Zhe Tian, Simon P. Kim, Keith J. Kowalczyk, Jim C. Hu, Mani Menon, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is limited data on the prevalence and mortality of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following oncologic surgery. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the trends, factors, and mortality of VTE following major cancer surgery. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Patients undergoing colectomy, cystectomy, esophagectomy, gastrectomy, hysterectomy, lung resection, pancreatectomy, or prostatectomy were identified retrospectively using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between January 1, 1999, and December 30, 2009, resulting in a weighted estimate of 2 508 916 patients. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Venous thromboembolism following major cancer surgery was assessed according to date, patient, and hospital characteristics. The determinants of in-hospital VTE were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Venous thromboembolism showed an estimated annual percentage increase of 4.0% (95% CI, 2.9% to 5.1%), which contrasts with a 2.4% (95% CI, –4.3% to –0.5%) annual decrease in mortality in VTE after major cancer surgery. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), female sex (OR, 1.25;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), black race (vs white; OR, 1.56;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), Charlson comorbidity index score of 3 or more (OR, 1.85;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and Medicaid (vs private insurance; OR, 2.04;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), Medicare (OR, 1.39;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and uninsured (OR, 1.49;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) status were associated with an increased risk of VTE. Conversely, other (nonwhite and nonblack) race (OR, 0.75;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) was associated with a lower risk of VTE. Among hospital characteristics, urban location (OR, 1.32;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and teaching status (OR, 1.08;<i>P</i> = .01) were associated with greater odds of VTE. Patients with vs without VTE experienced 5.3-fold greater odds of mortality. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> During our study period, VTE events following major cancer surgery increased in frequency; however, associated VTE mortality decreased. Changing VTE detection guidelines and better management of this condition may explain our findings.
Therapeutic Alliance in Antidepressant Treatment: Cause or Effect of Symptomatic Levels?
Authors: Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Steven P. Roose, Jacques P. Barber, Bret R. Rutherford
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Previous studies have shown that in psychotherapy alliance is a predictor of symptomatic change, even while accounting for the temporal precedence between alliance and symptoms. However, the extent to which alliance predicts outcomes in psychopharmacology is yet to be fully investigated considering the fact that alliance can be the result, rather than the cause, of symptomatic change. The current prospective study examined whether the alliance predicts outcomes in psychopharmacology, while controlling for previous symptomatic change throughout the course of treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Data from a psychopharmacological randomized controlled trial for the treatment of adult major depression (n = 42), including the patients' rating of the alliance with the physicians, were analyzed. Multilevel models controlling for autoregressive lag of the dependent variable were used in all analyses to examine the effect of alliance on outcome. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The effect of alliance on outcome, while controlling for prior symptomatic levels, was significant and restricted to the middle phase of treatment (week 4, p = 0.005), when most of the reductions in symptoms were observed. Exploratory analyses of the differences between placebo and medication conditions suggest that the differences between the patients in their average alliance levels predicted a greater reduction in symptoms in the placebo compared to the medication conditions (p = 0.008). The main limitation is the small cohort size. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The findings suggest an effect of alliance on outcome in psychopharmacology, which is not merely the result of previous symptomatic levels. This effect may be more robust in conditions that do not include active treatment (placebo), possibly serving as a compensatory effect.
The mechanical integrity of in vivo engineered heterotopic bone
Authors: Patrick H. Warnke, Ingo N. Springer, Yahya Acil, Gerrit Julga, Jörg Wiltfang, Klaus Ludwig, Paul A.J. Russo, Eugene Sherry, Sureshan Sivananthan, Jürgen Hedderich, Hendrik Terheyden
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Abstract IA10: Targeting master regulators of damage responses in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Peter S. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The armamentarium of therapeutics used to treat cancer patients relies heavily on ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs that severely damage DNA. The responses of tumor cells to these treatments is heavily influenced by their tumor micro environment (TME): physical contacts with structural elements comprising tissues, associations with resident and transient non-malignant cells, and interactions with numerous soluble endocrine and paracrine-acting factors all influence tumor cell behavior. Importantly, this TME is not static and dynamically responds to a variety of stimuli. This discussion will detail emerging data indicating that genotoxic cancer treatments activate highly conserved damage response programs in benign cells comprising the TME. These damage signals culminate in a developmentally conserved, powerful and diverse secretory program, the DNA Damage Secretory Program (DDSP) that generates a proangiogenic, pro-inflammatory microenvironment, and also promotes adverse tumor cell phenotypes including enhanced resistance to treatment. Key master regulators of the DDSP have been identified and offer opportunities for therapies co-targeting tumor cells along with key survival mediators from the TME. A detailed understanding of these survival signals induced in the context of genotoxic stress provides a platform to develop combinatorial strategies to improve outcomes that consider malignant cells, the tumor microenvironment, and the dynamics exerted by the treatment itself. Citation Format: Peter S. Nelson. Targeting master regulators of damage responses in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA10
Something Hidden: A Biography of Wilder Penfield
Authors: H. W. Magoun
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This elegant biography of Wilder Penfield, only five years after his death in 1976, was prepared by his grandson, Jefferson Lewis, who had access to an extraordinary range of sources: He left behind an occasionally overpowering record.... It includes whole shelves of scientific summaries and theories, seven nonmedical books, among them a partial autobiography ( No Man Alone ), fat bundles of speeches, and volume after volume of letters. Notable among the latter were Penfield's weekly letters—from 1909 to 1935—to his mother, Jean Jefferson Penfield, to whom his autobiography was dedicated.  Later, Lewis added,  came across the diaries... the most painful and illuminating source of all... in which he wrote intermittently, from the age of thirteen until a few days before his death, [which] revealed the man I had known, and a different one, more ambivalent, self-critical, musing, and troubled than any of us would ever have guessed. Presumably, these diaries
Targeted Activation of Human Vγ9Vδ2-T Cells Controls Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease
Authors: Zheng Xiang, Yinping Liu, Jian Zheng, Ming Liu, Aizhen Lv, Yulong Gao, Huaidong Hu, Kowk-Tai Lam, Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan, Yuanzhong Yang, Honglin Chen, George Sai-Wah Tsao, Marc Bonneville, Yu-Lung Lau, Wenwei Tu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Comprehensive Management of Hemophilia
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The title succinctly describes this authoritative multiauthored monograph by the staff members of the Orthopedic Hospital in Los Angeles. "One picture is worth a thousand words" reflects the quality of the 191 photographs that illustrate what can happen to hemophiliacs when their condition is not managed correctly. The section dealing with musculoskeletal problems and physical therapy, whether for the professional physical therapist in a hospital or for use at home, are particularly well written and illustrated. Step-by-step instructions for the preparations of the specialized orthopedic devices and extension casts provide a guideline to those familiar with the orthopedic subspecialty but not with the problems peculiar to hemophilia. The chapters dealing with the dental management provide a detailed approach to comprehensive dental management, including anesthesia, indications for replacement therapy, and general preventive and restorative approaches. The special problems presented to the oral surgeon, including inpatient vs outpatient management for extraction, replacement