tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of communicating DNA based risk assessments for Crohn's disease on smoking cessation: randomised controlled trial
Authors: G. J. Hollands, S. C. L. Whitwell, R. A. Parker, N. J. Prescott, A. Forbes, J. Sanderson, C. G. Mathew, C. M. Lewis, S. Watts, S. Sutton, D. Armstrong, A. L. Kinmonth, A. T. Prevost, T. M. Marteau
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To test the hypothesis that communicating risk of developing Crohn's disease based on genotype and that stopping smoking can reduce this risk, motivates behaviour change among smokers at familial risk. <b>Design</b> Parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Families with Crohn's disease in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 497 smokers (mean age 42.6 (SD 14.4) years) who were first degree relatives of probands with Crohn's disease, with outcomes assessed on 209/251 (based on DNA analysis) and 217/246 (standard risk assessment). <b>Intervention</b> Communication of risk assessment for Crohn's disease by postal booklet based on family history of the disease and smoking status alone, or with additional DNA analysis for the NOD2 genotype. Participants were then telephoned by a National Health Service Stop Smoking counsellor to review the booklet and deliver brief standard smoking cessation intervention. Calls were tape recorded and a random subsample selected to assess fidelity to the clinical protocol. <b>Main outcome measure</b> The primary outcome was smoking cessation for 24 hours or longer, assessed at six months. <b>Results</b> The proportion of participants stopping smoking for 24 hours or longer did not differ between arms: 35% (73/209) in the DNA arm versus 36% (78/217) in the non-DNA arm (difference −1%, 95% confidence interval −10% to 8%, P<i>=</i>0.83). The proportion making a quit attempt within the DNA arm did not differ between those who were told they had mutations putting them at increased risk (36%), those told they had none (35%), and those in the non-DNA arm (36%). <b>Conclusion</b> Among relatives of patients with Crohn's disease, feedback of DNA based risk assessments does not motivate behaviour change to reduce risk any more or less than standard risk assessment. These findings accord with those across a range of populations and behaviours. They do not support the promulgation of commercial DNA based tests nor the search for gene variants that confer increased risk of common complex diseases on the basis that they effectively motivate health related behaviour change. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21633644.
The Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
Authors: M. GATTORNO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

The Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Edited by R A Asherson, R Cervera, J C Piette, Y Shoenfled. (Pp 330; £127). Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, 1996. ISBN-0-8493-9423-6.

During the past 12 years both clinicians and researchers involved in rheumatology, haematology, clinical immunology, and gynaecology have been inundated with hundreds of manuscripts regarding the so called antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

As a result of the spread of information about the pathogenesis and clinical aspect of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in humans, ‘non-professional APA readers’ have been often puzzled by APA characterisation, criteria for APS definition, reliability of assays for APA detection, and APS management.

None the less, thanks to the growing number of clinical findings concerning APS, it has became apparent …
Serum titers of pre-S(2) antigen in patients with acute and chronic type B hepatitis: Relation to serum aminotransferase activity and other hepatitis b virus markers
Authors: Kiyohiko Kurai, Shiro Iino, Kazuhiko Koike, Keiji Mitamura, Yasuo Endo, Hiroshi Oka
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The peptide which is encoded by the pre-S(2) region of hepatitis B virus DNA, the pre-S(2) antigen, was determined quantitatively by an enzyme immunoassay system employing monoclonal antibodies. The prevalence and titer of pre-S(2)Ag were 91.9% (91/99) and 10,356 ± 19,053 units (mean ± S.D., arbitrary units) for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with acute and chronic HBV infection and 86.0% (74/86) and 952 ± 1,565 units for HBeAg-negative subjects. In four patients with acute hepatitis B, pre-S(2)Ag titers changed in parallel with HBV DNA levels, and the disappearance of pre-S(2)Ag from serum was associated with a rapid fall of ALT levels into the normal range, whereas the fluctuation of pre-S(2)Ag titer correlated with persistence of ALT elevations. In all of the 19 episodes of acute exacerbation of hepatitis which occurred in nine patients with chronic active hepatitis B, a significant elevation of pre-S(2)Ag titer was observed, closely overlapping an increase or appearance of HBV DNA, and its peak preceded peaks of ALT by 1 to 11 weeks (mean ± S.D.=4.26 ± 2.57 weeks). These observations suggest that quantitative measurement of pre-S(2)Ag would be useful for estimation of the magnitude of HBV replication and would help predict the prognosis of acute hepatitis B and of acute exacerbation in chronic hepatitis B.
VARIOUS DISEASES AND CONDITIONS OF CATTLE THAT MAY AFFECT THE QUALITY OF THE MILK SUPPLY.
Authors: JOHN B. MOHLER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The importance of obtaining a hygienic and wholesome milk supply for the residents of this city is recognized by all intelligent people and should require no argument. Public health demands the purity of all milk and milk products. Next to bread, milk is more extensively used as an article of diet than any other foodstuff. It forms a portion of the food of almost every person practically every day of the year. Moreover, unlike many other articles of diet, milk is consumed in most cases in an uncooked state, making it a very dangerous food should it perchance contain any deleterious organisms. The reasons for securing a supply of pure and wholesome milk are so numerous and so important that the consumer should become acquainted with some of the more essential of them in order that he may render assistance in bringing about a satisfactory improvement. Not only is milk
Proteomic Analysis of Sputum from Adults and Children with Cystic Fibrosis and from Control Subjects
Authors: Andrew J. Sloane, Robyn A. Lindner, Sindhu S. Prasad, Lucille T. Sebastian, Susanne K. Pedersen, Michael Robinson, Peter T. Bye, Dennis W. Nielson, Jenny L. Harry
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Recurrent pulmonary exacerbations are associated with progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Current definitions of an exacerbation, although not precisely defined, include new/worsening symptoms, declining lung function, and/or changing radiologic appearance. Early diagnosis of exacerbations by rapid noninvasive means should expedite therapeutic intervention, thereby minimizing lung damage.Objectives: To identify biomarkers of lung exacerbation for point-of-care monitoring of CF lung disease progression.Methods: Saline-induced sputum was collected from adults with CF with an exacerbation and requiring hospitalization (FEV1 < 60%), a subset of these adults at hospital discharge, children with stable CF and preserved lung function (FEV1 > 70%), and control subjects (FEV1 > 80%). Sputum was arrayed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomic analysis.Measurements and Main Results: Sputum profiles from adults with CF with an exacerbation were characterized by extensive proteolytic degradation and influx of inflammation-related proteins, with some adults with CF approaching a "healthy" protein profile after hospitalization. Two children with CF showed profiles and biomarker expression resembling those of adults with an exacerbation. Levels of differentially expressed myeloperoxidase, cleaved α1-antitrypsin, IgG degradation, interleukin-8, and total protein concentration, together with their correlation to FEV1, were statistically significant. Statistical correlation analyses indicated that changes in myeloperoxidase expression and IgG degradation were the strongest predictors of FEV1.Conclusions: We identified extensive protein degradation and differentially expressed proteins as biomarkers of inflammation relating to pulmonary exacerbations. Prediction of exacerbation onset and more precise evaluation of the extent of resolution with treatment could be achieved by including biomarkers in standard assessment.
Effect of reperfusion on 111In-antimyosin monoclonal antibody uptake
Authors: B.-A. Khaw
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Effect of reperfusion on 111In-antimyosin monoclonal antibody uptake Get access Ban-An Khaw Ban-An Khaw Center for Drug Targeting, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Page 285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.285A Published: 01 February 1994
Postal Service Tries to Reverse Violent Image Through Employee Assistance and Team Approach
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A FEW YEARS AGO, the term "going postal" had little to do with buying stamps or mailing letters. The phrase became synonymous with uncontrolled rage after 11 disgruntled postal employees or former employees shot and killed 35 supervisors and co-workers during a 12-year span at postal facilities across the country. In the past 2 years, however, US Postal Service officials say they've tried to take the offensive against workplace violence with new approaches that shift from reactive, security-driven responses to violence prevention and proactive responses to threats. During this year's American Occupational Health Conference in San Antonio, Tex, a panel of postal officals discussed their agency's development of response and assessment teams and the evolution of its Program for Alcohol Recovery into a comprehensive employee assistance program (EAP). The efforts have been 2 years in the making, said David H. Reid III, MD, the postal service's national medical director. "We
Swaddling increases babies' risk of hip abnormalities
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) show a poor exercise tolerance. A reduction in respiratory muscle strength has also been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether reduction in exercise tolerance was related to respiratory muscle dysfunction. Twenty four multiple sclerosis patients (mean +/- SD age: 48 +/- 9 yrs, duration of illness 12.2 +/- 6 yrs, severity of illness as assessed by Expanded Disability Scale Score (EDSS) 5.3 +/- 2), underwent detailed evaluation of lung function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and exercise test on an arm ergometer. Sixteen of the 24 patients were able to perform the exercise test (Group I), whilst the other eight were not (group II). Arterial blood gases and lung function tests were normal for both groups. Respiratory muscle strength as assessed both by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was significantly reduced (MIP 18-76 cmH2O; MEP 16-82 cmH2O) compared to predicted values. Inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly reduced in Group II in comparison to Group I (247 +/- 148 vs 397 +/- 154 s, respectively). Both MIP and MEP were significantly related to inspiratory muscle endurance time. Endurance time, MIP and MEP were inversely significantly related to duration of illness, whilst only endurance time was significantly related to Expanded Disability Scale Score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
391 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR OVEREXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLUAR CARCINOMA
Authors: S.H. Lee, Y.-H. Chung, J.A. Kim, H.D. Shin, D. Lee, S.E. Kim, Y.-S. Lee, M.K. Jang, K.M. Kim, Y.S. Lim, H.C. Lee, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Late diagnosis of congenital blindness.
Authors: D M Wills
Journal: BMJ (1973)

T cell-mediated immune responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of liver disorders; however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Con A injection is a widely accepted mouse model to study T cell-mediated liver injury, in which STAT6 is rapidly activated. Disruption of the IL-4 and STAT6 gene by way of genetic knockout abolishes Con A-mediated liver injury without affecting IFN-γ/STAT1, IL-6/STAT3, or TNF-α/NF-κB signaling or affecting NKT cell activation. Infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in Con A-induced hepatitis is markedly suppressed in IL-4 <sup>−/−</sup> and STAT6<sup>−/−</sup> mice compared with wild-type mice. IL-4 treatment induces expression of eotaxins in hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from wild-type mice but not from STAT6<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Con A injection induces expression of eotaxins in the liver and elevates serum levels of IL-5 and eotaxins; such induction is markedly attenuated in IL-4<sup>−/−</sup> and STAT6<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Finally, eotaxin blockade attenuates Con A-induced liver injury and leukocyte infiltration. Taken together, these findings suggest that IL-4/STAT6 plays a critical role in Con A-induced hepatitis, via enhancing expression of eotaxins in hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells, and induces IL-5 expression, thereby facilitating recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the liver and resulting in hepatitis.
The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells
Authors: Xin Yu, Kristin Harden, Lino C Gonzalez, Michelle Francesco, Eugene Chiang, Bryan Irving, Irene Tom, Sinisa Ivelja, Canio J Refino, Hilary Clark, Dan Eaton, Jane L Grogan
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Drug company and pharmacy send unsolicited samples of Prozac to Florida residents
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3></h3> <b>Background:</b> Patients who are diagnosed with dextrocardia, a rare congenital heart condition in which the heart points toward the right side of the chest, need their specific situs classification (eg, solitus, inversus, ambiguus) ascertained to optimize their care and outcomes. In this report, we discuss the perioperative anesthetic management of a patient presenting with dextrocardia. <b>Case Report:</b> A 44-year-old African American female with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2 was admitted for shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. The patient had been diagnosed with dextrocardia in 2003 at an outside hospital and was asymptomatic prior to this presentation. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral perihilar vascular congestion with bibasilar atelectasis and suspected small bilateral pleural effusions consistent with new-onset congestive heart failure. Preoperative 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed an ostium secundum–type atrial septal defect (ASD) with mild left-to-right atrial shunting. The patient9s ASD was repaired using a pericardial patch. <b>Conclusion:</b> The anesthetic management of patients presenting with dextrocardia is complex. Preoperative cardiac transthoracic echocardiography can identify cardiac lesions or aberrant anatomy associated with dextrocardia. Proper placement of electrocardiogram electrodes is necessary to avoid false-positive results for perioperative ischemia. Central line access must be adjusted to anatomic variations. Clinicians should have high suspicion for associated pulmonary hypertension and should limit sedatives preoperatively to minimize the cardiovascular effects of hypoxia and/or hypercarbia on the pulmonary vasculature. Finally, high clinical suspicion for respiratory complications should be maintained, as dextrocardia has been associated with respiratory complications secondary to primary ciliary dyskinesia in approximately 25% of patients.
Use of Closed-circuit Television in Teaching Surgery to Medical Students
Authors: G. Smith, J. H. Wyllie
Journal: BMJ (1965)

While considerable use is being made of television in schools, colleges, and universities, it is difficult to know how best to use it. In medical schools, particularly in undergraduate teaching, this lack of evaluation is even more pronounced in spite of the availability of closed-circuit television for a number of years. For demonstrations where the particular experiment or technique cannot be shown adequately to a number of students at one time, or where much repetition would be required as in dentistry, there is much to be said in favour of television. In similar vein, where it is not desirable to allow observers into a particular environment, valid reasons can be adduced for the introduction of closed-circuit television. For example, a large number of students in an operating-theatre increases the risk of infection. In the field of clinical teaching, however, the case is less convincing. What might be gained from the patient's point of view?namely, avoidance of being used for teaching a group of students round the bed?must be balanced against the loss of personal contact which students experience when watching the examination of the patient through the medium of television. Further, little is known about what the student learns and retains from such televised events. This paper outlines an experimental attempt to evaluate, in a very elementary fashion, the impact of television on clinical teaching of undergraduates. The results are compared with those obtained from the orthodox way of teaching surgery.
NAMING THE BENTONITE PROCEDURES
Authors: John P. Nasou
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It has become evident (Bloch and Bunim:<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>169</b>:307 [Jan. 24] 1959; Lane and Decker:<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>173</b>:982 [July 2] 1960) that the term "bentonite flocculation test" (BFT) is being used exclusively to denote the test for rheumatoid arthritis reported by Bozicevich, Bunim, Freund, and Ward in 1958 (<i>Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. &amp; Med.</i><b>97</b>:180 [Jan.] 1958). This designation is erroneous in that the bentonite in this test serves merely as a carrier system for the F II fraction of serum and this same carrier system has been used with other substances in performing flocculation tests. Bentonite flocculation was first used in testing for antibodies to trichina in 1951 (Bozicevich and others:<i>Pub. Health Rep.</i><b>66</b>:806 [June 22] 1951) and, more recently, with desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in testing for antinuclear factors in the serum of patients with systemic
Corruption in healthcare in India: why the NHS should take an interest
Authors: R. Madhok
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I thank Berger for highlighting corruption in healthcare in India,1 but I disagree with his solution of withdrawing recognition of private medical colleges. It is an ill considered retaliatory action that treats just one minor element of a systemic disease and diverts us from a more fundamental challenge. That is, how to create a …
In vivo biocompatibility of a plasma-activated, coronary stent coating
Authors: Anna Waterhouse, Steven G. Wise, Yongbai Yin, Buchu Wu, Barbara James, Hala Zreiqat, David R. McKenzie, Shisan Bao, Anthony S. Weiss, Martin K.C. Ng, Marcela M.M. Bilek
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Delta-1 enhances marrow and thymus repopulating ability of human CD34+CD38– cord blood cells
Authors: Kohshi Ohishi, Barbara Varnum-Finney, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

We investigated the effect of Notch signaling, a known regulator of cell fate in numerous developmental systems, on human hematopoietic precursors. We show that activation of endogenous Notch signaling in human CD34(+)CD38(-) cord blood precursors with immobilized Delta-1 in serum-free cultures containing fibronectin and hematopoietic growth factors inhibited myeloid differentiation and induced a 100-fold increase in the number of CD34(+) cells compared with control cultures. Immobilized Delta-1 also induced a multifold expansion of cells with the phenotype of common lymphoid precursors (CD34(+)CD7(+)CD45RA(+)) and promoted the development of cytoplasmic CD3(+) T/NK cell precursors. IL-7 enhanced the promotion of T/NK cell differentiation by immobilized Delta-1, but granulocytic differentiation occurred when G-CSF was added. Transplantation into immunodeficient mice showed a substantial increase in myeloid and B cell engraftment in the marrow and also revealed thymic repopulation by CD3(+) T cells due to cells being cultured for a longer period with immobilized Delta-1. These data suggest that Delta-1 can enhance myeloid and lymphoid marrow-repopulating ability and promote the generation of thymus-repopulating T cell precursors.
Follow Up Of Hepatic Abscess In Chronic Granulomatous Disease (cgd): Clinical Experience Of A Brazilian Reference Center In Primary Imunodeficiecy (pid):
Authors: D.G.C. Rezende, L.A. Watanabe, L.A. Soubihe, F.R. Kibrit, C.M. Lui, A.C. Pastorino, A.M. Castro, A.B. Fomin, C.M. Jacob
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
UK is ranked top out of 40 countries on quality of death thanks to hospice network
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Miometrial infiltration (MI) is one of the most important prognosis features for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Different methods have been extensively used with the aim of optimize the detection of MI, such us magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transvaginal ultrasound scan (TUS) and intraoperative frozen section with different results. The aim of our study is to review the diagnostic accuracy of these methods in the preoperative detection of MI in our institution and compare it with the available data. <h3>Methodology</h3> Retrospective unicentric study of 271 patients with EC diagnosed, treated and followed-up at <i>Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre</i> (Madrid, Spain) between 2008 and 2018. <h3>Results</h3> Demographic characteristics of the study population are described in table 1. Results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and validity of the different methods compared with definitive histopathological diagnosis of MI (used as the gold standard) are registered in table 2. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Surgical staging represents the cornerstone in the treatment of EC. Therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy still remains nowadays a controversial issue. Different methods have been used to detect preoperatively those patients with lower risk of lymph node involvement in order to avoid lymphadenectomy. MI is considered as an essential fact when establishing the endometrial carcinoma prognosis. On one side, it determines the modification of the stage during initial staging. On the other side, it has been associated with a higher risk for lymph nodes dissemination, haematogenous spread, higher recurrence rates and lower overall survival rates. In our institution, preoperative imaging studies present an acceptable accuracy for diagnosis of MI according to the available data, but the test with the highest sensitivity and specificity continues to be the histopathological study of intraoperative frozen section. Further studies are needed in order to establish the better approach to determinate preoperative MI. <h3>Disclosure</h3> Nothing to disclose.
Chemothermotherapy in the management of retinoblastoma1 1None of the authors have any financial interests in the drugs or devices described in this article.
Authors: Livia Lumbroso, François Doz, Marisol Urbieta, Christine Levy, Danielle Bours, Bernard Asselain, Jacques Vedrenne, Jean-Michel Zucker, Laurence Desjardins
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)