tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Imaging on FDG-PET
Authors: Steven L. Blumer, Luke R. Scalcione, Bobbi N. Ring, Ravi Johnson, Betty Motroni, Douglas S. Katz, Elizabeth Y. Yung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of many tumors due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, false-positive interpretations may occur from benign subcutaneous and cutaneous etiologies. At our institution we have encountered FDG-PET scans which demonstrated a variety of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions including stomas, hernias, rhinophyma, dose infiltrations, physiologic muscle uptake, and tophaceous gout. Additionally, malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant lesions may also demonstrate substantial F-18 FDG uptake on PET scans, including lymphoma, skin metastases, and melanoma. The purpose of this atlas article is to demonstrate and review key features of various cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, both benign and malignant, which can result in hypermetabolism on FDG-PET or PET-CT scans.
Letter: Sleeping sickness.
Authors: W H Lumsden
Journal: BMJ (1974)

natal bed rest may actually have a deleterious effect upon fetal growth and well-being and that until this basic problem is settled it is not possible to say whether the better results obtained by Dr. Varma and Professor Curzen in their decompressed patients are more likely to have been effected by the dcompression itself or by the lesser amount of enforced bed rest to which they were subjected.-Iam, etc.,
International Medical Education
Authors: Cristyn A. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

An assortment of medical education systems currently operate throughout the world, reflecting variations in populations, histories, societal and cultural traditions, political systems, and stages of economic development. Despite their many differences, common elements can be identified in many of these systems. A geographic maldistribution of physicians, insufficient funding for education, an imbalance between specialization and general practice, and inadequate mechanisms to evaluate medical competence are serious concerns in many countries today. On the positive side, there is a shared focus on community-based educational initiatives, provision of education through ambulatory care settings, and a trend toward integrated, problem-based educational strategies. To gain more comprehensive information about current approaches to medical education, the American Medical Association conducted the 1990 International Survey of Medical Education. <h3>SURVEY METHOD AND PURPOSE</h3> The survey, which consisted of 31 multiple-part questions, was designed to identify similarities and differences among the numerous medical education systems. It was mailed
The Drosophila heat shock hsr-omega gene: an allele frequency cline detected by quantitative PCR
Authors: G. McColl, S. W. McKechnie
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The hsr-omega gene of Drosophila melanogaster produces RNA products both constitutively and at elevated levels in response to heat stress. A single-nucleotide difference in this gene that has been detected using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is responsible for an hsr-omegaa/b polymorphism, and selection experiments have indicated an association between the hsr-omegaa allele and susceptibility to heat stress. Since allele frequency estimates for population surveys using PCR and DGGE for single flies would be relatively time-consuming and expensive, we here develop a quantitative competitive-PCR method using mass-grind genomic DNA preparations for this purpose. Geographical and temporal variation of allele frequency at the hsr-omega locus in Australian populations of D. melanogaster are examined. Regular samples from a southern population through a summer season suggested stability of hsr-omegaa frequency. Field populations sampled from a approximately 2,250 km north-south transect along eastern Australia revealed a strong positive association between the frequency of hsr-omegaa and latitude, and marked spatial autocorrelation. Using appropriate analyses, strong association between population differences in hsr-omegaa frequencies and differences in temperature and rainfall measures, after controlling for latitudinal differences, support the idea that the cline in hsr-omegaa frequency may be attributable to some form of climatic selection.
Electrical Hazards in Endoscopic Services
Authors: S. Gullini, M. Caselli, D. Cantarini
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Despite the extensive use of endoscopic diagnostic procedures, the proper standards aimed at preventing electrical hazards are generally little known and inadequately observed. Cases of electrical injury ensuing from endoscopic manoeuvres may have gone unreported either to avoid legal consequences, or owing to incorrect identification of the true cause of the injury. The authors describe the most important safety standards dealing with the risks connected with the use of both endoscopic devices and electrosurgical units, and recommend that in the future more attention be paid to identifying and preventing these risks.
The Drug Regulation Process and the Challenge of Regulatory Reform
Authors: NORMAN DORSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

After 17 years of experience with the far-reaching 1962 amendments to the law regulating new drugs, a major effort is underway to overhaul the law. Important questions of health policy are involved. An extensive recent study by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's Review Panel on New Drug Regulation concluded that the system of regulation that requires governmental pre-market clearance of prescription drugs, based on evidence of safety and effectiveness, is fundamentally sound. But the Review Panel identified four principal deficiencies in the drug approval process: a lack of openness and public accountability, an inadequate science environment at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), imprecision in the standards and procedures for pre-market approval, and limited FDA authority in the post-marketing period. Former FDA commissioner Donald Kennedy took useful administrative steps to mitigate these problems, but legislation is badly needed. Although the bill that recently passed the Senate is not perfect, it contains substantial improvements over the status quo and merits support.
Difficult asthma or Churg-Strauss syndrome?
Authors: D. P D'Cruz, N. C Barnes, C M. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The standard management of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators works in most patients. A significant minority, however, respond poorly to these medications and require frequent intermittent courses of oral corticosteroids or occasionally long term oral corticosteroid treatment. The success of the new leukotriene antagonists in reducing the need for steroids in these patients with difficult asthma seems also to be unmasking some undiagnosed cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome, the symptoms of which were apparently being controlled by steroids.

The pathophysiology of bronchoconstriction is not fully understood, but it is clear that leukotrienes, pro-inflammatory mediators arising from arachidonic acid, are important in the inflammatory processes of asthma. Several pharmacological agents, including the sulfidopeptide-leukotriene antagonists zafirlukast, montelukast, and pranlukast, have been studied in large scale randomised clinical trials.1 These trials have all been in patients with mild to moderate asthma who were not taking oral corticosteroids —or, if they were, the dose was not altered during the studies. Several cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with the useof zafirlukast have been reported in the United States and more recently with montelukast in the United Kingdom.2 3

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a rare allergic granulomatous eosinophilic vasculitis characterised by …
Who pays for this conference? It's time patients and doctors knew
Authors: P. Vercellini, P. Vigano, E. Somigliana
Journal: BMJ (2014)

McCartney notes that patients do not know whether their doctors are chosen key opinion leaders who are paid by a drug company to increase prescribing of a drug, or whether their doctors’ travel to international conferences was paid for by the drug company that makes the product that is being recommended to them.1

Because of the potential effect on speakers and audience, …
Analysis Reveals Large Increase in Hospitalizations in Recent Years Among Older Patients Prescribed Opioids
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proliferation of Human Abnormal Hemoglobins
Authors: DONALD L. RUCKNAGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorial Notes1 February 1969Proliferation of Human Abnormal HemoglobinsDONALD L. RUCKNAGEL, M.D., PH.D.DONALD L. RUCKNAGEL, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-2-417 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs investigators have become more peripatetic, primitive tribesmen such as the Bantus and Bushmen in Africa have undergone more careful scrutiny. Now, after examination of the blood of 304 of the latter, an inherited abnormal hemoglobin has been found (1). The hemoglobin has the mobility Hb S but does not sickle—characteristics that require its designation as a hemoglobin D. Like most of the abnormal hemoglobins detected to date, this one is responsible for only minor morphologic abnormalities of the red cells. By the technique of fingerprinting the Bushman, D hemoglobin was shown to differ from Hb A by the substitution...References1. JENKINS T: The first Bushman haemoglobin variant: Haemoglobin Dβ Bushman α2β2 16 Glycine-Arginine. S. Afr. J. Med. Sci. 33: 13, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. RUCKNAGEL DL and NEEL JV: The hemoglobinopathies. Progr. Med. Genet. 1: 158, 1961. Google Scholar3. ALLISON AC: Polymorphism and natural selection in human populations. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 29: 137, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HARRIS H: The incidence of enzyme and protein variants: a new approach to the problem of mutation rates in man. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. In press. Google Scholar5. JAFFE ER and HELLER P: Methemoglobinemia in man. Progr. Hemat. 4: 48, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. GLYNN KP, PENNER JA, SMITH JR, and RUCKNAGEL DL: Familial erythrocytosis. A description of three families, one with hemoglobin Ypsilanti. Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 769, 1968. LinkGoogle Scholar7. DACIE JV, SHINTON NK, GAFFNEY PJ, CARRELL RW, and LEHMANN H: Haemoglobin Hammersmith (β42(CD1) Phe → Ser). Nature (London) 216: 663, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONALD L. RUCKNAGEL, M.D., PH.D.Affiliations: Department of Human Genetics and Simpson Memorial Institute University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1969Volume 70, Issue 2Page: 417-418KeywordsBloodCellsHemoglobin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Notch signaling maintains bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors by suppressing osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Matthew J Hilton, Xiaolin Tu, Ximei Wu, Shuting Bai, Haibo Zhao, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Henry M Kronenberg, Steven L Teitelbaum, F Patrick Ross, Raphael Kopan, Fanxin Long
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Early Discharge of the Postsurgical Patient
Authors: Bernard J. Ficarra
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With the persistent reiteration by hospital staffs that there is a shortage of hospital beds, it is inevitable that thought must be given to an early discharge of patients following surgery.The Journal(<b>204</b>:647, 1968) carried an excellent report on the "Experience With Shortened Hospital Stay for Postsurgical Patients." This concept of early discharge for surgically treated patients is not new. Recently, however, several articles have appeared which present the specific author's experience in this matter. Each in turn establishes certain criteria in selecting the individual patients for domicilary care. For example in England, a study was made on the early discharge of postherniorrhapy male patients. The study involved men aged 21 to 65 inclusive. Besides the selection on the basis of age and sex, the authors tried not to include patients known to be subject to medical or social factors which might be expected to
Oesophageal cancer surgery
Authors: D. Britton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

My October editorial1 generated three replies. Dr McGuigan2 argues that, to avoid delays, process rather than outcome is seminal to any assessment of the individual surgeon. I suggest that to the patient (I speak from experience), outcome is climacteric. Dr Tobias3 reminds us about the benefits of radiation and chemoradiation therapy, also reviewed lately by Geh et al.4 My editorial was aimed at prevention of another surgical outcomes scandal, not at defining 21st century treatment. Geh's article makes it plain that surgery for oesophageal cancer will be necessary for the foreseeable future. Let us make it as safe as possible. As for Professor Hughes5 with his comment on my Latin, to him I can only say quidquid praecipies, esto brevis. In three sanguine lines, I think he did just that.
Infarct Size Measured by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging With <sup>99m</sup> Tc-Sestamibi
Authors: Raymond J. Gibbons, Todd D. Miller, Timothy F. Christian
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Use of mortality as an end point in randomized trials of reperfusion therapy requires increasingly large sample sizes to test advances compared with existing therapy, which is already highly effective. There has been a growing interest in infarct size measurements by 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT (single photon emission computed tomographic) imaging as a surrogate end point. Methods and Results —We reviewed the reports published in English regarding infarct size measurements by 99m Tc-sestamibi. Four separate lines of published evidence support the validity of SPECT imaging with 99m Tc-sestamibi for determination of infarct size. This end point has been used in a total of 7 randomized trials—1 single center and 6 multicenter. The end point compares favorably with left ventricular function and infarct size measurements with the use of other radiopharmaceuticals. The most important limitation of this approach is the absence thus far of a randomized trial that has shown a corresponding decrease in mortality in association with a therapy that reduces infarct size. Conclusions —SPECT imaging with 99m Tc-sestamibi is the best available measurement tool for infarct size. It has already served as an end point in early pilot studies to evaluate potential efficacy and in dose-ranging studies. It has the potential to serve as a surrogate end point to uncover advantages of new therapies that may be equivalent to existing therapies with respect to early mortality.
Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Phospholamban in Isolated Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Roger J. Hajjar, Ulrich Schmidt, Jing X. Kang, Takashi Matsui, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Phospholamban forms an integral part of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and regulates the activity of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA2a). A number of studies have suggested a decrease in SERCA2a relative to phospholamban in heart failure. To test the hypothesis that changes in the relative abundance of phospholamban to SERCA2a could account for the pathophysiological abnormalities in Ca 2+ handling observed in failing myocardium, we created a recombinant adenovirus designed to overexpress phospholamban (Ad.RSV.PL). In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Ad.RSV.PL increased the expression of phospholamban in a concentration-dependent fashion, reaching 280±43% at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10.0 plaque forming units (pfu)/cell at 48 hours. The relationship between Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and [Ca 2+ ] was shifted rightward in membrane preparations from cardiomyocytes infected with Ad.RSV.PL. Intracellular Ca 2+ transients measured in the neonatal cells infected with Ad.RSV.PL (MOI, 10 pfu/cell) were characterized by (1) a significant prolongation of the relaxation phase (344±26 versus 710±56 milliseconds, P &lt;.01), (2) a decrease in peak [Ca 2+ ] i (967±43 versus 630±33 nmol/L, P &lt;.01), and (3) an elevation in resting [Ca 2+ ] i (143±14 versus 213±17 nmol/L, P &lt;.05). Similarly, the time course of shortening was prolonged in myocytes infected with Ad.RSV.PL. These effects were partially restored by simultaneous transduction with an adeno-virus carrying SERCA2a. Cardiomyocytes infected with Ad.RSV.PL had an abnormal frequency response: a decrease in peak [Ca 2+ ] i and an increase in resting [Ca 2+ ] i with increasing frequency. These findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of phospholamban modifies intracellular Ca 2+ handling and the frequency response in cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest that alterations in the ratio of phospholamban to SERCA2a could account for the abnormalities in Ca 2+ handling observed in heart failure and that overexpression of SERCA2a can largely correct these abnormalities.
Mental training offers best chance of halting cognitive decline, finds review
Authors: L. Anekwe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Despite some manufacturers’ claims to the contrary, there is no evidence that drugs or supplements help prevent cognitive decline in healthy older adults, a review of the research has found. The most promising evidence was for “formal cognitive training,” usually involving the use of computer programmes, although the likely benefit is probably small, it concluded.

Researchers from the University of Toronto conducted a review of …
Absence of dyspeptic symptoms as a test for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: P. S Phull, D. Halliday, A. B Price, M. R Jacyna
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori changes the course of duodenal ulcer disease and effectively cures it.1 One issue that limits the more widespread use of eradication treatment, however, is whether patients should undergo a test to confirm successful eradication. Many of the tests necessitate endoscopy and are therefore invasive, time consuming, and expensive. The carbon-13 or carbon-14 labelled urea breath test has been suggested as probably the best method of follow up after eradication treatment.2 This test is non-invasive, well tolerated, and easy to perform, but widespread use is limited by availability, expense (in the case of 13C) or problems with radioisotope handling (14C). We have previously shown that eradication of H pylori results in a highly significant reduction of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with duodenal ulcer disease.3 In this study we assessed …
Toxicity of inhaled methyl isocyanate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. I. Acute exposure and recovery studies.
Authors: J R Bucher, B N Gupta, B Adkins, M Thompson, C W Jameson, J E Thigpen, B A Schwetz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of methyl isocyanate by inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, and changes in clinical pathology and hematology were monitored immediately after 2-hr exposures and during the ensuing 3 months. Additional studies investigated the possible involvement of cyanide in the toxicity of methyl isocyanate. During exposures, signs of restlessness, lacrimation, and a reddish discharge from the nose and mouth were evident in rats and mice. Following exposures, rats and mice were dyspneic and weak. Deaths of rats and mice exposed to lethal concentrations (20 to 30 ppm) began within 15-18 hr, with males more prone to early death than females. A second wave of deaths occurred after 8 to 10 days, affecting primarily female rats and mice exposed to 20 to 30 ppm of methyl isocyanate, and male and female rats exposed to 10 ppm. Most deaths occurred during the first month following the exposures and were preceded by periods of severe respiratory distress. Body weights decreased in proportion to dose early, but then weight gain resumed in survivors at control rates. The only organ with a consistent, dose-related weight change was the lung, which was heavier throughout the studies in animals exposed to high concentrations of methyl isocyanate. No significant clinical pathology, or hematologic changes were observed in exposed rats. Blood and brain cholinesterase were not inhibited. Studies attempting to measure cyanide in the blood of methyl isocyanate-exposed rats, and attempting to affect lethality with a cyanide antidote (sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate) gave negative results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE ETIOLOGY OF THE PTOSES AND THEIR RELATION TO NEURASTHENIA
Authors: EDWARD REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The application of surgical treatment to neurasthenia implies a belief that in the given case the nervous condition is the product of local suffering; and the attainment of the ultimate object of course implies the complete relief of the local suffering as the first step in the process of cure. It therefore seems logical that any discussion of the surgical aspects of neurasthenia should begin by consideration of the results which may be expected from the relief of the local symptomatology. In this particular subject of the connection between the ptoses and neurasthenia we are met at the outset by the significant fact that after many years of collective experience in the surgical treatment of the ptoses, the discussion about the end results of operation is almost as active and as much a moot question as it was ten years ago. It is further significant that a review of the literature
THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS OF OTITIC ORIGIN
Authors: EDWARD BRADFORD DENCH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

This subject has been so thoroughly discussed during the past few years that it would seem presumptuous for me to attempt to add any new facts. I can only hope, therefore, to present the matter in the manner in which it has been brought to my attention from the observation of a rather large number of cases. We may classify meningitis of otitic origin as (1) circumscribed meningitis or epidural abscess, (2) serous meningitis, and, (3) purulent meningitis. Of the symptomatology of circumscribed meningitis, very little need be said. In most cases, the diagnosis of this condition is made on the operating table. A circumscribed pachymeningitis is an effort on the part of nature to prevent general infection of the subdural lymph sac; in other words, to prevent a diffuse, purulent meningitis. The only symptoms which these patients present are localized headache in the region of the purulent collection, and