tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin prevents complement-mediated hyperacute rejection in swine-to-primate xenotransplantation.
Authors: J C Magee, B H Collins, R C Harland, B J Lindman, R R Bollinger, M M Frank, J L Platt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Immunoglobulins regulate the complement system by activating complement on foreign surfaces and diverting reactive complement proteins away from autologous cell surfaces. Based on this model, we explored the ability of Ig to balance complement activation versus control in a pig-to-primate cardiac xenotransplantation model in which the binding of xenoreactive antibodies of the recipient to graft blood vessels and the activation of complement cause hyperacute rejection. Human IgG added to human serum caused a dose-dependent decrease in deposition of iC3b, cytotoxicity, and heparan sulfate release when the serum was incubated with porcine endothelial cells. This decrease was not caused by alteration in antibody binding or consumption of complement but presumably reflected decreased formation of C3 convertase on the endothelial cells. Infusion of purified human IgG into nonhuman primates prevented hyperacute rejection of porcine hearts transplanted into the primates. As expected, the transplants contained deposits of recipient Ig and C1q but not other complement components. The inhibition of complement on endothelial cell surfaces and in the xenotransplantation model supports the idea that IgG regulates the classical complement pathway and supports therapeutic use of that agent in humoral-mediated disease.
Sustained improvement of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients at rest and during exercise after thrombolytic treatment of massive pulmonary embolism.
Authors: F Schwarz, H Stehr, R Zimmermann, J Manthey, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1985)

This study assessed the long-term effects of thrombolytic treatment in patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE). Seven patients with PE that followed deep-vein thrombosis underwent pulmonary angiography and pressure measurements before and 6 +/- 3 days (mean +/- SD) and 15 +/- 4 months after treatment with intrapulmonary infusions of urokinase (average dose 1724 U/kg X hr) and heparin (average dose 17 U/kg X hr). Treatment was guided by daily measurements of pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure and was continued until PA pressure had normalized (average of 6 days). Late after treatment patients returned for pulmonary angiographic examination, right heart catheterization at rest and during bicycle exercise, and phlebography of the deep veins of both legs. Pulmonary angiograms showed massive obstruction before therapy (Walsh index 15 +/- 2 points of a maximum of 18 points), which was improved 6 days (3 +/- 3 points) and 15 months (1 +/- 2 points) after therapy. Mean PA pressure declined from 37 +/- 9 to 13 +/- 3 mm Hg after 6 days and to 15 +/- 3 mm Hg after 15 months. No recurrence of PE was observed. In six of seven patients at rest and during bicycle exercise (up to 100 W) in the supine position mean PA pressure and total pulmonary resistance remained within normal limits. Over the short term all patients showed clinical signs of deep-vein thrombosis; 15 months later four patients had normal deep veins, but three patients had still phlebographic signs of old thrombosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Serum Lipoprotein and Cholesterol Measurements as Predictors of Clinical Complications of Atherosclerosis
Authors: JOHN W. GOFMAN, MARTIN HANIG, HARDIN B. JONES, MAX A. LAUFFER, ELEANOR Y. LAWRY, LENA A. LEWIS, GEORGE V. MANN, FELIX E. MOORE, FREDERICK OLMSTED, J. FRANKLIN YEAGER, E. COWLES ANDRUS, J. H. BARACH, J. W. BEAMS, JOHN W. FERTIG, JOHN W. GOFMAN, MAX A. LAUFFER, IRVINE H. PAGE, JAMES A. SHANNON, FREDRICK J. STARE, PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1956)

the attention of the National Ad- visory Heart Council was called to studies by Gofman and his colleagues at the
Health charities call on UK prime minister to put prevention at top of agenda
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK must prioritise the prevention of ill health or it will fail to meet the World Health Organization’s target of reducing preventable deaths by a quarter by 2025, a group of leading health charities has warned.

A report by the group, What is Preventing Progress? calls for the prime minister to lead a national plan for health improvement and put prevention at the top of the health agenda.1 It calls for urgent action to tackle common risk factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, and inactivity to reduce the number of people affected …
A Problem-and-Objective-Oriented Approach to Patient-Care Evaluation
Authors: Erwin O. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Underlying the methods most widely advocated at present for implementation of patient-care-evaluation studies is the assumption that medical practice is best assessed in relation to a diagnosis and to the processes deemed appropriate to the diagnosis.The purpose of this communication is to propose an alternative method of patient-care evaluation that is based on the assumption that hospital patient care can be usefully evaluated in terms of the problem that led to admission (the reason for admission) and the related objective or objectives of patient management.This approach was initially described in the "Statement on Health Care Assessment"1 adopted by . . .
RELATION OF FAT NECROSIS TO THE PANCREAS.
Authors: HERBERT U. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

As pancreatitis with fat necrosis is not a very common disease I give in the first place an outline of our knowledge concerning it. The patients are almost exclusively adults. A history of gastro-intestinal disorder dating back for a considerable period is frequently given. Fitz describes the<i>symptoms</i>of acute pancreatitis as follows: "Sudden, severe, often intense epigastric pain, without obvious cause, in most cases followed by nausea, vomiting, sensitiveness and tympanitic swelling of the epigastrium. There is prostration, often extreme, frequent collapse, low fever, with a feeble pulse. Obstinate constipation for several days is the rule, but diarrhea sometimes occurs." The affection is usually fatal. The symptoms therefore are vague and not very characteristic. The disease has been mistaken for intestinal obstruction, and has been confused with appendicitis. However, a correct antemortem diagnosis has been made more than once. The nature of the affection is not generally revealed until
European foundations should address global health, says umbrella body
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An initiative aimed at encouraging independent European funding foundations to play a more active part in worldwide health issues was launched last week, spearheaded by the publication of a new report from the European Foundation Centre. 

The centre is an independent international association that links and underpins the work of more than 200 foundations and corporate funders, which between them are involved in some 350 philanthropic community initiatives. 

At the launch of the …
AIDS Lobby Earns Respect From Cancer Leaders
Authors: H. McIntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article AIDS Lobby Earns Respect From Cancer Leaders Get access Hugh McIntosh Hugh McIntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 9, 2 May 1990, Pages 730–732, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.9.730 Published: 02 May 1990
Healthy School Lunches
Authors: Megan A. Moreno
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Healthy School LunchesSchool-aged children eat an important meal at school each day: lunch.In the past, concerns were raised about the quality of school-provided lunches.Because of these concerns and the increased problem of obesity in schoolchildren, school-lunch standards were put into place in schools in 2012 to ensure that school-provided foods are healthy.
miR-181a and miR-630 Regulate Cisplatin-Induced Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi, Eugenia Morselli, Ilio Vitale, Oliver Kepp, Laura Senovilla, Alfredo Criollo, Nicolas Servant, Caroline Paccard, Philippe Hupé, Thomas Robert, Hugues Ripoche, Vladimir Lazar, Annick Harel-Bellan, Philippe Dessen, Emmanuel Barillot, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. We used microarray technology to identify miRNAs that were upregulated by non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in response to cisplatin (CDDP). The corresponding synthetic miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) per se were not lethal when transfected into A549 cells yet affected cell death induction by CDDP, C2-ceramide, cadmium, etoposide, and mitoxantrone in an inducer-specific fashion. Whereas synthetic miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRNAs) targeting miR-181a and miR-630 failed to modulate the response of A549 to CDDP, pre-miR-181a and pre-miR-630 enhanced and reduced CDDP-triggered cell death, respectively. Pre-miR-181a and pre-miR-630 consistently modulated mitochondrial/postmitochondrial steps of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, including Bax oligomerization, mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, and the proteolytic maturation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, pre-miR-630 blocked early manifestations of the DNA damage response, including the phosphorylation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and of two ATM substrates, histone H2AX and p53. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p53 corroborated the hypothesis that pre-miR-630 (but not pre-miR-181a) blocks the upstream signaling pathways that are ignited by DNA damage and converge on p53 activation. Pre-miR-630 arrested A549 cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle, correlating with increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 as well as with reduced proliferation rates and resulting in greatly diminished sensitivity of A549 cells to the late S-G2-M cell cycle arrest mediated by CDDP. Altogether, these results identify miR-181a and miR-630 as novel modulators of the CDDP response in NSCLC. Cancer Res; 70(5); 1793–803
Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy after infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: J M Seigneurin, J Mingat, G M Lenoir, P Couderc, M Micoud
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy occurred in a 46-year-old man 16 months after an episode of infectious mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus. The features of infectious mononucleosis included fever, pharyngitis, lymph gland enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbasophilic mononuclear cells, and IgM antibodies to EB virus, although heterophile antibodies were not detected. The illness was severe and prolonged and included an asymptomatic measles virus infection. Over a year later massive enlargement of the lymph nodes led to a biopsy, which showed a diffuse infiltration with lymphoid cells and a proliferation of arborising small vessels typical of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. In spite of corticosteroids, levamisole, chlorambucil, and radiotherapy, no remission occurred, and serious infections led to death 18 months after the onset. Viral infections with EB virus and measles virus associated with pre-existing or subsequent immunological changes probably resulted in the appearance of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
International Society of Mechanocardiography
Authors: HOWARD H. WAYNE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979International Society of MechanocardiographyHOWARD H. WAYNE, M.D.HOWARD H. WAYNE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-724_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: At the recent World Congress of Cardiology in Tokyo, an International Society of Mechanocardiography was formed. Interested physicians active in the field of pulse and sound recordings are invited to apply for membership. Inquiries should be sent to these persons: in the United States and Canada, Howard H. Wayne, M.D., 2290 Sixth Avenue, Suite 203, San Diego, CA 92101; in Mexico and Central and South America, Bernardo L. Fishleder, M.D., Av. Newton 186-402, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico; in Europe, Hugo Kesteloot, M.D.,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HOWARD H. WAYNE, M.D.Affiliations: 2290 Sixth Avenue, Suite 203; San Diego, CA 92101 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 724-725KeywordsHeart rate ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Syncope in Patients with Chronic Bifascicular Block
Authors: Dhingra Rc, Denes P, Wu D, Chuquimia R, Amat-y-Leon F, Wyndham C, Rosen Km
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Syncope was prospectively evaluated in 186 patients with chronic bifascicular block. Syncope occurred in 21 of 124 patients with right bundle-branch block and left anterior hemiblock, 3 of 24 patients with right bundle-branch block and left posterior hemiblock, and 6 of 38 patients with left bundle-branch block. Each case was evaluated by using prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring, His bundle recordings, and other indicated studies. Probable and possible causes of syncope included intermittent heart block in five patients, sinus exit block in one patient, orthostatic hypotension in two patients, seizure disorders in three patients, ventricular arrhythmia in nine patients, and acute blood loss in one patient. No cause could be identified in nine patients. Comparison of patients with and without syncope did not show significant differences. Syncope was recurrent in only five patients (four with heart block and one with seizure disorder). The incidence of late sudden death in patients with and without syncope was identical. Syncope in patients with bifascicular block reflected various cardiac and noncardiac causes and tended not to recur. Permanent pacing seemed indicated in only those patients with documented serious bradyarrhythmia.
Role of metabolic activation in the pathogenesis of chemically induced pulmonary disease: mechanism of action of the lung-toxic furan, 4-ipomeanol.
Authors: M R Boyd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Many xenobiotics produce hepatic injury due to their metabolism in the liver to highly reactive electrophile intermediates which form covalent conjugates with nucleophilic cellular constituents. This presentation describes studies indicating that the production of chemically reactive metabolites by pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics can also play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of chemically induced lung disease.
Improving the Geographic Distribution of Physicians
Authors: David L. Ramsay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

FOR THE past several years there has been an increased interest in the geographic distribution of the nation's physicians.<sup>1-3</sup>Although substantial strides have been made in increasing the number of physicians trained, with some investigators predicting an excess of physicians during the next few decades,<sup>4,5</sup>the problem of an uneven geographic distribution of physicians remains largely unsolved. Efforts to alleviate the maldistribution of physicians have included incentive programs for both students and practicing physicians, changes in educational curricula, and placement programs.<sup>6,7</sup> <h3>Background and Methods</h3> An important method for improving the geographic distribution of physicians is the dissemination of pertinent information. The American Academy of Dermatology has played an active role in manpower planning, and, in 1973, the Academy published and distributed a list of communities in need of dermatologists.<sup>8</sup>This compilation, although helpful, was based on subjective impressions of need reported by dermatologists throughout the nation. In
Renal Metabolism of Alanine *
Authors: Robert F. Pitts, William J. Stone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

In the acidotic dog, alanine is extracted from plasma and utilized as a precursor of ammonia. Simultaneously, it is formed de novo within tubular cells and added to renal venous blood. When plasma concentration is within a normal range, production of alanine greatly exceeds utilization. Increasing the plasma concentration reduces production and increases utilization of plasma alanine. The infusion of glutamine increases the renal production of alanine without appreciable change in utilization of plasma alanine. These results are consonant with the view that alanine is metabolized by transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate to form glutamate, which is subsequently deaminated oxidatively to liberate ammonia. Conversely, alanine is formed by transamination of pyruvate with either glutamate or glutamine and is added to renal venous blood. The balance between production and utilization is dependent, at least in part, on the concentrations of the reactants.
Alternative Strategies to Randomized Clinical Trials-Reply
Authors: Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Van Peenen for pointing out that industrial hazards can be studied with the case-control method. The "novelty" of our approach was not the selection of patients from a closed cohort, but the analysis of data according to the same principles of eligibility and prognostic susceptibility that would have been used in a well-designed randomized trial of therapy. Neglect of these principles can lead to bias in studying the effects of either industrial or therapeutic agents.
PULMONARY ARTERIAL WALL SHEAR STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors: Triston BBJ Smith, Vitaly O. Kheyfets, Theodore Schroeder, Jennifer Spotti, Anthony Zikos, David Lasorda, Srinivas Murali, Jeffrey Mueller, Ender A. Finol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Histogenesis of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster: ultrastructural evidence.
Authors: B Flaks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Pancreatic carcinogenesis in the Syrian hamster, induced by beta-oxidized derivatives of N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine, constitutes a valuable model of human cancer of the exocrine pancreas. In both species the majority of tumors are adenocarcinomas: superficially, on the basis of their histological appearance, these appear to be ductal in origin. However, sequential analysis, by electron microscopy, of the development of pancreatic neoplasia in the hamster model indicates that acinar cells may participate in the histogenesis of "ductal" adenomas and carcinomas. Acinar cells appear to undergo changes in differentiation, including pseudoductular transformation, giving rise to a new population of cells that resemble ductular or centroacinar types. This new population may then proliferate to form, first, cystic foci and subsequently cystadenomas and adenocarcinomas. Mucous metaplasia appears to develop at late stages of tumor development. Although the participation of ductular and centroacinar cells in pancreatic carcinogenesis cannot be excluded, very few tumors arise from the ductal epithelium. It is possible that some human pancreatic adenocarcinomas may also have their origin from dysplastic acinar cells, by analogy with the hamster model: focal acinar dysplasia being common in human pancreatic cancer patients.
Racial Disparity in the Use of ECT for Affective Disorders
Authors: William R. Breakey, Gary J. Dunn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Published reports indicate that African Americans are underrepresented among patients treated with ECT. The reason for this disparity in practice has not been determined. This study addressed this question by using existing data on a large series of patients treated with ECT at a single academic medical center. METHOD: The hospital's administrative databases were used to select Caucasian and African American patients with a diagnosis of major affective disorder treated over the period from November 1993 to March 2002. Independent variables were age, sex, treatment unit, readmission within 30 days, type of insurance, and geographic zone of residence. The dependent variable was likelihood of being treated with ECT, computed for each race group. RESULTS: Caucasians were more likely than African Americans to be treated with ECT (odds ratio=4.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.77–5.90). None of the variables examined provided an explanation for this disparity. When all of the variables were controlled simultaneously, the likelihood of being treated with ECT remained significantly higher for Caucasians than for African Americans (odds ratio=2.48; 95% CI=1.89–3.25). CONCLUSIONS: The racial disparity in the use of ECT cannot be explained on the basis of the variables studied. It is not an artifact of the age of the patient population, nor can it be explained on the basis of insurance coverage, the social class of the patients, or their illnesses' being more treatment resistant. The authors propose several other hypotheses, including explanations relating to clinical presentation, differential response to other treatments, differences in patients' willingness to consent, and physicians' behavior, that could be explored by using other methods.
Rabbit arterial endothelium and subendothelium. A change in interfacial free energy that may promote initial platelet adhesion.
Authors: J F Boyce, P C Wong, S Schürch, M R Roach
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Endothelial damage and exposure of the subendothelium is accompanied by platelet adhesion and aggregation. Thermodynamically, adhesion will occur if this process decreases the total free energy of the system. In this investigation, we have developed a contact angle technique to measure relative changes in the surface free energy of the arterial wall, before and after the endothelium has been removed. Sections of descending thoracic aorta from seven rabbits were tested with an equilibrium two-phase system of 4% polyethylene glycol (mol wt: 20,000)/4% dextran (mol wt: 2,000,000) in Hepes-buffered physiological saline. The tissue was split longitudinally, immersed in the polyethylene glycol phase, and test droplets of the denser dextran phase were placed on its surface. Advancing contact angles of the drop were measured from photomicrographs taken with polarizing optics. After testing, the endothelium was removed with a saline jet, which we had calibrated previously with scanning electron microscopy, and the tissue was retested. We measured angles of 86.0 +/- 1.1 degree (SEM), n = 64 for the intact endothelium and 20.0 +/- 0.8 degree (SEM), n = 61 on the subendothelial surface. Since the physical behavior of blood is probably similar to our polyethylene glycol bathing medium the subendothelium may also represent a surface of high interfacial free energy in vivo. Assuming that the surface energy of platelets is low, platelet adhesion to the subendothelium could reduce the total free energy of the system, by covering this high interfacial free energy surface.