tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Agmatine, a bioactive metabolite of arginine. Production, degradation, and functional effects in the kidney of the rat.
Authors: M J Lortie, W F Novotny, O W Peterson, V Vallon, K Malvey, M Mendonca, J Satriano, P Insel, S C Thomson, R C Blantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Until recently, conversion of arginine to agmatine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC) was considered important only in plants and bacteria. In the following, we demonstrate ADC activity in the membrane-enriched fraction of brain, liver, and kidney cortex and medulla by radiochemical assay. Diamine oxidase, an enzyme shown here to metabolize agmatine, was localized by immunohistochemistry in kidney glomeruli and other nonrenal cells. Production of labeled agmatine, citrulline, and ornithine from [3H]arginine was demonstrated and endogenous agmatine levels (10(-6)M) in plasma ultrafiltrate and kidney were measured by HPLC. Microperfusion of agmatine into renal interstitium and into the urinary space of surface glomeruli of Wistar-Frömter rats produced reversible increases in nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) and absolute proximal reabsorption (APR). Renal denervation did not alter SNGFR effects but prevented APR changes. Yohimbine (an alpha 2 antagonist) microperfusion into the urinary space produced opposite effects to that of agmatine. Microperfusion of urinary space with BU-224 (microM), a synthetic imidazoline2 (I2) agonist, duplicated agmatine effects on SNGFR but not APR whereas an I1 agonist had no effect. Agmatine effects on SNGFR and APR are not only dissociable but appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. The production and degradation of this biologically active substance derived from arginine constitutes a novel endogenous regulatory system in the kidney.
Nutritional megaloblastic anaemia in immigrants.
Authors: R P Britt, C Harper
Journal: BMJ (1970)

should be mandatory, rather than exploration.Secondly, the aetiological classification suggested in this interesting article should include amoebiasis.This disease is not limited nowadays to tropical areas and it is known to mimic many intra-abdominal emergencies.'It is especially apt to cause colonic dilatation similar to pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel, and we know that exploration in these cases may be associated with high morbidity and mortality, though in cases of toxic megacolon of amoebic ori- gin a caecostomy may be life-saving.This is the only surgical procedure which I think is justified for pseudo-obstruction.If there is acute cholecystitis, then of course cholecys- tectomy or cholecystostomy are justified (Case 2), but then it is no longer pseudo- obstruction but sentinel ileus.-Iam, etc.
Chronic headaches due to occult hydrocephalus
Authors: R. J Edwards, G. W Britz, H. Marsh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Hydrocephalus due to aqueduct stenosis usually presents in childhood. In some cases the hydrocephalus arrests spontaneously but returns in adult life with the steady deterioration associated with raised pressure hydrocephalus, or the chronic ataxia, dementia and incontinence of ‘normal pressure’ hydrocephalus. A less well recognized presentation is chronic headache.
The merits of an experimentally testable model of phobias
Authors: Graham C. L. Davey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

A series of arguments are presented by De Jong &amp; Merckelbach which suggest that biological preparedness has been received significantly less critically than it should have been. I agree fully with their assessment. Cuthbert raises four questions about the applicability of the expectancy bias hypothesis to selective associations in human conditioning. This response argues that none of these four examples is necessarily problematic for the hypothesis.
Thrombospondin-induced adhesion of human keratinocytes.
Authors: J Varani, B J Nickoloff, B L Riser, R S Mitra, K O'Rourke, V M Dixit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human epidermal keratinocytes obtained from normal skin attached and spread on thrombospondin (TSP)-coated plastic dishes but failed to attach and spread on untreated plastic culture dishes or dishes coated with fibronectin or laminin. These cells produced minimal amounts of immunoreactive TSP. Keratinocytes established in culture on MCDB 153 medium and maintained for one to three passages in an undifferentiated state by continued cultivation in this low Ca2+-containing medium attached and spread on plastic dishes as well as on TSP-coated dishes. These cells also secreted significant amounts of TSP into the culture medium. When the keratinocytes were incubated for one day in MCDB 153 medium supplemented with high Ca2+ or in MEM (which also contains high Ca2+), there was decreased secretion of TSP into the culture medium concomitant with a reduction in attachment and spreading on plastic culture dishes. Proteolytic fragments of TSP were examined for stimulation of keratinocyte attachment and spreading. A 140-kd fragment produced by removal of the 25-kd heparin-binding domain had similar activity to the intact molecule while the 25-kd fragment was without effect. Further proteolytic treatment of the 140-kd fragment gave rise to a fragment consisting of 120 kd and 18-D moieties held together in disulphide linkage. This fragment did not support attachment or spreading. This study reveals that normal epidermal keratinocytes grown under conditions that maintain the undifferentiated state are able to produce TSP and utilize it as an attachment factor. When keratinocytes are grown under conditions that promote differentiation, ability to produce and utilize TSP is diminished. Since TSP is present at the dermal-epidermal junction and because TSP promotes keratinocyte attachment and spreading, this molecule may play an important role in maintaining normal growth of the basal cell layer and may also participate in reepithelialization during wound repair.
Edmund Steven Howarth
Authors: C. Oppenheimer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of members of an academic department who are funded by a Clinical Academic Service Contract (CASC), compared with those who are not. <h3>Methods:</h3> We mailed a satisfaction questionnaire designed to examine surgeons’ perceived effect of CASCs on their participation in their division or department and on professional activities (research, teaching, clinical) to members of the surgery department who perform operative interventions. We analyzed responses from CASC and non-CASC members, using <i>t</i> tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. <h3>Results:</h3> Four of 9 operative divisions (cardiac, thoracic, neurosurgery, pediatric surgery) are CASC-funded, and 5 are not (general, plastic, otolaryngology, urology, vascular). The response rate after 3 mailings was 59%. CASC responders agreed on the need for the following: improved focus and resolution of issues (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.02); focus on developmental and future planning (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); flexibility to change the level of participation in research, teaching and clinical activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); recognition for academic and administrative activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002); opportunities to achieve career path goals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002); more autonomy in research (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.04); compensation for professional activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); and increased leisure time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.004). Responders disagreed that morale was low (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). They were satisfied with the following: professional activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.019), increased research activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), quality of research (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), more presentations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.025), increased teaching time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.004) and ability to care for their patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> CASC responders were significantly more satisfied with their professional activities and more optimistic in their divisional roles than were non-CASC responders. Based on these results, all departmental members who perform operative interventions should consider being on a CASC.
Approval of emergency treatment service
Authors: I. M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1967)

SIR,-On examining the recently published figures (Supplement, 7 October, p. 3) for medical staffing in the National Health Service at registrar and S.H.O.levels one should under " traumatic and orthopaedic surgery" really read " casualty."If the departments which are major employers of these grades are compared the following figures are obtained.The total numbers are given in brackets, followed by the percentage of graduates born
180 COMBINATION OF BLOOD TEST AND ELASTOMETRY IMPROVES THE DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER FIBROSIS OR CIRRHOSIS AND MARKEDLY REDUCES THE BIOPSY REQUIREMENT IN ALGORITHMS
Authors: J. Boursier, V. de Ledinghen, A. Sawadogo, J. Lebigot, S. Michalak, Y. Gallois, V. Le Tallec, F. Oberti, I. Hubert, N. Dib, M.C. Rousselet, C. Aube, A. Konate, P. Cales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Stroke: Diagnosis and Management, Current Procedures and Equipment
Authors: Simon Horenstein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<i>Stroke: Diagnosis and Management</i>is the uneven and poorly edited record of the papers and dialogue presented at a symposium conducted by the Houston Neurological Society at some unstated time past. The preface directs the volume to "practitioners [who] are often unaware of recent advances in the diagnosis and management of stroke which are available at various levels of health care." Written by authors well-known in the area of cerebral vascular disease, it is divided into sections devoted to office practice, the community hospital, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical and postoperative considerations. The principal value of the book lies in the clarity and usefulness of a few presentations. Lionell Truscott discussing stroke care in community hospitals tells how to provide it. Roderic Bell's data on costs of intensive and comprehensive management are combined with a sense of humanity and service. Silas Grant, writing as a general practitioner, expresses an intelligent concern
Yuet Wai Kan, MD
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND THALASsemia, inherited disorders of hemoglobin, constitute the most common genetic diseases in the world, and aggressive lifelong treatments are required for managing the anemia and other painful complications that accompany them. Yuet Wai Kan, MD, of the University of California, San Francisco, has led the way in the study and treatment of these diseases. In the mid-1970s, he discovered the genetic mutations in the and -globin genes that cause and -thalassemia, respectively. He also ushered in the era of genetic testing for diseases by discovering DNA analysis techniques for tracing the transmission of disease-causing genes in families. Kan has won many awards, most notably the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award in 1991. Today he continues to make contributions with his research on potential treatments for these diseases. JAMA recently spoke with him about his experiences and his thoughts regarding his field. JAMA: Why did you decide to study sickle cell anemia and thalassemia? Dr Kan: I spent a year in the biochemistry department at MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] learning how to study proteins; then when I was a fellow in hematology at Royal Victoria Hospital at McGill University, I was asked to see a newborn baby who did not survive. It turned out that the baby had a severe form of -thalassemia, and that interested me. With these two backgrounds, I decided that I would like to study thalassemia. So in 1967, I started doing globin gene studies. JAMA: What scientific advances have most affected your work? Dr Kan: When I first entered the field, we were studying protein synthesis in various thalassemia syndromes and trying to classify the different types of these diseases. The greatest advances really came because of molecular biology. That really gave us a big jump in terms of progress. We were able to study the
Radiofrequency ablation therapy: results in 100 patients with breast cancer.
Authors: S Oura, T Tamaki, T Yoshimasu, F Ohta, Y Hirai, K Naito, M Miyasaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5153 Background: Radiofrequency ablation therapy (RFA) is one of the most minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of hepatic cancers and other solid malignancies. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and local controllability of RFA against breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods: A total of 100 pts with localized early breast cancer were enrolled. Ductal spreading and/or daughter nodules were preoperatively checked with mammography, ultrasound and MRI. Tumor size was 0.5-2.0cm (median 1.5cm). LeVeen system and Cool-tip RF system was used in 5 pts and 95 pts respectively. One session of RFA was applied to 96 pts, 2 sessions to 4 pts. To avoid skin burn, 5% glucose was injected subcutaneously just above the tumor and the skin was cooled during RFA. After completing RFA, temperatures along the needle tract were measured at 1 cm intervals in 89 pts. All pts underwent cytological and MR-imaging study 3-4 weeks after operation, and received adjuvant radiotherapy (50Gy) to the breast.&amp;#x2028; Results: RFA heated the tumors up to over 60° in 1 pt, 70° in 4 pts, 80° in 21 pts, 90° in 51 pts, and 100° in 13 pts. Skin burn was found in 2 pts over the tumor, and 1 pt at the grounding pads. No major side effects except for skin burn were found. Postoperative cytological and imaging study showed complete ablation of all the target tumors. No pts developed local and distant recurrence for 16-54 months (median 31 months).&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Our RFA procedures can offer good local control without serious adverse events to breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5153.
Excessive force used against failed asylum seekers, charity claims
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Asylum seekers who have failed to gain residency in the United Kingdom are being physically and verbally abused by companies charged with deporting them, claims a charity after studying a series of detainees.

As well as being handcuffed unnecessarily, detainees have been slapped and pushed around, often out of sight of witnesses inside security vehicles used to transport them, says the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture.

The excess force used has left asylum seekers unconscious in some cases. Others have been found …
Three-Dimensional Endorectal Ultrasound Using a New Freehand Software Program: Results in 35 Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: M. Giovannini, E. Bories, C. Pesenti, V. Moutardier, B. Lelong, J. Delpéro
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: This paper describes experience in the staging of rectal cancer using a new software program for three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) that works without electromagnetic sensors and can be used even with electronic radial or linear rectal probes. Materials and Methods: From May 2003 to March 2004, 35 three-dimensional endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) examinations were carried out using this program. The indication for ERUS was local staging of rectal cancer in all cases. The three-dimensional software imaging program forms part of a new ultrasound scanning system (Hitachi 6500 or 8000) and allows reconstruction of the two-dimensional EUS images in six different scans. Results: Thirty-five rectal cancers were assessed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional EUS. Using two-dimensional imaging, it was not possible to assess precisely the degree of involvement of the mesorectum (more or less than 50 %). No differences were evident with three-dimensional EUS for superficial tumors (T1 and T2N0), but in six of 15 patients classified as having T3N0 lesions, three-dimensional EUS revealed malignant lymph nodes, a finding that was confirmed surgically in five of the six cases. Three-dimensional EUS also made it possible to assess the degree of infiltration of the mesorectum precisely in all cases, demonstrating complete invasion of the mesorectum in eight cases. These findings were confirmed in all cases by the surgical data. Two-dimensional EUS correctly assessed 25 of the 35 rectal tumors (71.4 %) in relation to the T and N classifications, and three-dimensional EUS increased this figure to 31 correct evaluations out of 35 (88.6 %). Conclusion: Three-dimensional ERUS is easy to carry out using this new software program. There is no need for an external sensor mounted at the tip of the probe, and manipulation of the rectal probe is facilitated. Three-dimensional ERUS can be carried out using linear and radial electronic probes with the same ultrasound equipment. Three-dimensional ERUS allows more precise staging of lesions and better definition of the mesorectal margins, and this has a direct impact on therapeutic decision-making in patients with rectal cancer.
The pathophysiology of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: D O Nutter, C Wickliffe, C A Gilbert, C Moody, S B King
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Left ventricular structure, function, and the coronary circulation were studied in a subset of patients with mitral valve leaflet prolapse. This group of 26 patients (21 females, five males, with mean age of 46 years), had the syndrome identified as idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (IMVP), which was characterized by a systolic click-murmur, clinical symptoms that were highly variable in duration and intensity, angiographically-documented mitral prolapse, and no obvious associated systemic or cardiovascular disease. Mitral regurgitation was of moderate degree in four, mild in 14, and absent in eight. The left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index was elevated in ten of 25 (40%), the LV mass index was elevated in six of 17 (35%), but the LV anterior wall thickness was increase in only one of 17. Three major patterns of ventricular contraction were identified: 1) normal in seven; 2) abnormal, usually an inferior deformity and/or anterior asynergy, in eight; and 3) hyperkinetic in 11. Normal resting left ventricular function, assessed as an ejection fraction greater than 55%, was present in 17 of 25 (68%). Selective coronary arteriography was essentially normal in all 25 patients studied. An ischemic ECG response was detected during only one of 12 maximal treadmill exercise tests and in none of ten atrial pacing stress tests (AP). Myocardial lactate extraction did not change significantly during AP in six patients. We conclude that cardiomyopathy does not appear to be a primary cause or an important associated component of the IMVP syndrome. Abnormalities of the coronary circulation or of myocardial metabolism were not demonstrated by available methods. A proposed pathophysiological mechanism to explain the clinical and angiographic findings in IMVP is discussed.
Does Sucralfate Impede Levothyroxine Therapy?
Authors: Farida Khan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 February 1993Does Sucralfate Impede Levothyroxine Therapy?Farida Khan, MD, Evelyne Jeanniton, MD, and Maria Renedo, MDFarida Khan, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Evelyne Jeanniton, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Maria Renedo, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-4-199302150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We respond to a letter on the interaction of sucralfate and levothyroxine [1].We studied 10 stable hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine replacement for whom 1 g of sucralfate was prescribed with levothyroxine to be taken in the morning. The results of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assays done before and after 6 weeks of sucralfate administration are shown in Table 1 below.Table 1. Effect of Sucralfate on Thyroxine and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Levels in 10 Patients Receiving Levothyroxine Therapy* ... References1. Havrankova J, Lahaie R. Levothyroxine binding by sucralfate. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:445-6. Google Scholar2. Renedo M, Jeanniton E, Khan F. Drug interaction of sucralfate and synthroid in medically hypothyroid patients. Program and Abstracts, 74th Endocrine Annual Meeting. June 1992, Abstract No. 313; 130. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastrointestinal Malabsorption of ThyroxineFactors Affecting Gastrointestinal Absorption of Levothyroxine: A ReviewDrugs and Thyroid FunctionSucralfate causes malabsorption of L-thyroxine 15 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 4Page: 317KeywordsThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroxine Issue Published: 15 February 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS IN ACUTE CARDIAC DISEASE.
Authors: A. TAGER, C. BERLIN, R. J. SCHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS IN ACUTE CARDIAC DISEASE. Get access A. TAGER, M.D., Modena, A. TAGER, M.D., Modena Chief Assistant, The Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Municipal Hospital, Tel‐Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. BERLIN, M.D., Berlin, C. BERLIN, M.D., Berlin Chief Assistant, The Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Municipal Hospital, Tel‐Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. J. SCHEN, M.B., B.S., London R. J. SCHEN, M.B., B.S., London Chief Assistant, The Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Municipal Hospital, Tel‐Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1964, Pages 367–369, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14544.x Published: 01 August 1964