tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ATOPIC SENSITIVITY TO ALGAE AND LICHENS
Authors: R. H. CHAMPION
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— Six cases of allergic reactions to green algae are recorded. Five patients had atopic dermatitis in which exacerbations were provoked both by inhalation and by direct contact with algae. These patients also reacted to lichens, which contain algae in symbiosis with fungi. Five of the patients had allergic rhinitis or asthma, often very mild in relation to the severity of the skin symptoms. Three of the patients also had a delayed hypersensitivity contact dermatitis from lichens, but not from algae. It is important to investigate patients with suspected sensitivities to lichens and algae both by patch testing and by prick testing as specific desensitization may help those patients with immediate weal reactions.
Focal facial dermal dysplasia: report of a case with associated cardiac defects
Authors: Y.-K. TAY, J.G. MORELLI, W.L. WESTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Focal facial dermal dysplasia is characterized by congenital scar-like depressions on both temples and a wide spectrum of associated facial abnormalities. We report a 2-month-old white boy who presented with bitemporal defects, laterally deficient eyebrows, absent lower eyelashes, periorbital puffiness, a bulbous nasal tip with prominent sebaceous hyperplasia, and down-turned corners of the mouth. In addition, he had tetralogy of Fallot, an association which previously has not been described.
Molecular Basis of Thyroid Cancer*
Authors: NADIR R. FARID, YUFEI SHI, MINJING ZOU
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

THYROID follicular cell tumors present a unique model for the study of genetic and environmental factors predisposing to benign nodule formation, well differentiated malignant tumors, and anaplastic cancer. Although these histological changes are not necessarily sequential, there is evidence that gradation of proliferative and differentiative potential exists among cells in each thyroid follicle. Conditions conducive to rapid growth ensure that the progeny of cells with high growth potential establish local dominance, a prelude to nodule formation (2). There is also evidence that well differentiated carcinoma may progress to an anaplastic form (3). It is only speculation that benign nodules may develop into well differentiated carcinoma. Cancer is a complex, multistep process (4). Based on the measurements of age-dependent tumor incidence, it was inferred mathematically that a succession of five or six independent steps are involved, each of which is rate limiting (5). This predicted sequence of events has been shown to apply to colorectal carcinoma (6–12).
INSANITY AND THE TURKISH BATH.
Authors: CHARLES H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Centuries of neglect and mismanagement have emphasized the fact that insanity is an affliction both singular and terrible, and at the same time a reproach to society, but modern science has proved that the early stages of the disease are as tractable as are those of other diseases, and we are not without hope in the more advanced stages. While the increase of insanity may be due to heredity, and the strain of modern civilization on weak brains is a most potent factor, certainly the enormous use of narcotics in the shape of tea, coffee, tobacco, and alcohol, not to mention the indiscriminate use of other drugs, is responsible for 75 per cent. of this disease. In ordinary disease the physician can derive much aid and information from the patient, but with insanity he is more frequently obliged to draw his deductions entirely from existing external conditions, and rely on
HBV-DNA sequences in tumor and nontumor tissue in a patient with the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fergus D. Davison, Elizabeth A. Fagan, Bernard Portmann, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

One patient with the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma was found to be seropositive for HBsAg and anti-HBe. DNA from tumor and nontumor areas of the liver was examined by molecular hybridization for hepatitis B virus DNA sequences. Undigested DNA from the tumor gave a high-molecular-weight smear, and restriction-enzyme analysis indicated a single instance of integration. Nontumor liver tissue was analyzed from three separate areas. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in two of these; restriction-enzyme digestion suggested they contained different sites of viral integration. As with the typical hepatitis B virus—related hepatocellular carcinoma, analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA from nontumorous liver yielded a different pattern of high-molecular-weight bands, indicating that the virus genome had integrated at different chromosomal locations than that seen in the tumor. The finding of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA, especially in tumorous but also in nontumorous liver, would be consistent with an oncogenic role for hepatitis B virus in certain instances of fibrolamellar tumors and in the more typical hepatitis B virus—related hepatocellular carcinoma. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:676-679).
Effects of diabetes family history and exercise training on the expression of adiponectin and leptin and their receptors
Authors: Colin N. Moran, Nicholas D. Barwell, Dalia Malkova, Steve J. Cleland, Ian McPhee, Chris J. Packard, Victor A. Zammit, Jason M.R. Gill
Journal: Metabolism (2010)

Daughters of diabetes patients have lower insulin sensitivity than women with no diabetes family history, but increase insulin sensitivity to a greater extent with exercise training. This study aimed to determine whether differences in circulating concentrations of adiponectin and leptin, and adipose tissue expression of their genes and receptors played a role. Women offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 34; age, 35.6 ± 7.0 years; body mass index, 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2) and matched controls with no diabetes family history (n = 36; age, 33.6 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 27.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated. Blood and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained at baseline and after a controlled 7-week endurance-type exercise intervention (sessions were performed at 65%-80% of maximum heart rate). At baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups in circulating leptin or adiponectin concentrations, or expression of their genes or receptors. In response to exercise, plasma leptin decreased more in offspring than controls (−32.2% vs −7.3%, P = .005 for interaction); and the long isoform of the leptin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) increased significantly only in the offspring (+39.4%, P = .026 vs +7.7%, P = .892). Leptin mRNA decreased similarly in both groups (−24.7% vs −25.0%, P < .05 for both). Furthermore, changes in plasma leptin (r = −0.432, P < .001) and leptin mRNA (r = −0.298, P = .019) correlated significantly with changes in insulin sensitivity. Plasma adiponectin decreased similarly in both groups (−12.1% vs −15.2%, P < .01 for both), but no significant changes were observed in adiponectin-related gene expression. This work shows that exercise training has differing effects on leptin-related variables between women with and without a diabetes family history and suggests that these molecular differences may contribute to the differential effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity between these 2 groups.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair with the MitraClip System for Severe Mitral Regurgitation: First Experiences in Turkey
Authors: Mehmet Bilge, Sina Ali, Ayse Saatci Yasar, Recai Alemdar, Özgür Kırbas, Özge Kurmus, Turgay Aslan, Cemal Koseoglu, Bilge Karaduman Duran, Mehmet Erdogan, Mustafa Duran, Serkan Sivri, Zeynep Seyma Turinay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Thoracoscopy in the Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: C. Boutin, P. Cargnino, J.R. Viallat
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

In order to achieve an early diagnosis of carcinomatous pleural effusions, cytologic studies, effective in 24 per cent of our cases, are carried out. The needle biopsy using the Abrams' trocar is positive in 54 per cent: initially, cancer is confined to restricted areas of the pleura, and thus a blind technique like Abrams' biopsy is not a good investigation. A new cold-light thoracoscope, designed in collaboration with Wolf & Co. has been used since 1978. The external diameter of the telescope is 7 mm. A double-spoon-shaped biopsy forceps for parietal pleura, a cutting biopsy forceps for visceral pleura and lung, and a coagulating device to manage bleeding are used. As many biopsies as necessary can be carried out; frozen-section examination may supply an accurate diagnosis during the thoracoscopy. The investigation is usually performed under general anesthesia and tracheal intubation. When necessary, insufflation of air under positive pressure can collapse the lung and permit a more comprehensive view of the pleural space. Photographs can easily be taken with a 135 mm lens, and 16 mm films with a 65 mm lens. Out of a consecutive series of 239 thoracoscopies, 45 patients underwent thoracoscopy with this new apparatus for a carcinomatous pleural effusion. An accurate histopathological diagnosis was found in 43: 6/7 mesotheliomas and 37/38 metastatic pleural tumors. In four patients cancerous nodules were very rare and small, and a diagnosis was made at a very early stage of cancer. We conclude that thoracoscopy is the most effective form of investigation for securing the diagnosis of cancer in pleural effusions.
Urinary incontinence during treatment with depot phenothiazines.
Authors: A Shaikh
Journal: BMJ (1978)

months with different chemocherapy pro- grammes, including LMF (chlorambucil, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), doxorubicin, vincristine, mitomycin C, and VP-16 213, unsuccessfully.After the patient's refusal of orchidectomy we introduced tamoxifen 40 mg/ day and noted the disappearance of all subcutaneous nodules after one month.No particular drug side effects were noted.Unfortunately no hormone receptors were determined in this case.As very few other reports' are to be found it would be interesting to collect any further information about this new alternative treat- ment to classical surgical orchidectomy2 s for metastatic male breast carcinoma.
Aortography in infantile coarctation.
Authors: B Denham
Journal: BMJ (1978)

2-36 mmol/l (1-6 mg/100 ml) if the 12-hour steady-state serum lithium level was main- tained at 1 mmol/l."i The mean dosage of Priadel required to maintain this level would be 1643 mg.Comparison of these results suggests that the peak serum lithium level would be certainly above 2 mmol/l (1-4 mg/100 ml) and probably considerably above this in the patient described, as the patient was receiving a higher dosage of lithium.If the blood samples were taken just before administration of the whole dose of lithium, the peak serum lithium level would be even higher than this.We still do not know how best to give lithium to maintain prophylaxis, but in view of the recent reports of renal damage following lithium toxicity7 8 it is prudent to give lithium in such a way as to avoid levels in the toxic range.The majority of patients should receive lithium in at least a divided dose schedule.
Underestimation and undertreatment of pain in HIV disease: multicentre study
Authors: F. Larue, A. Fontaine, S. M Colleau
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Objectives:</i> To measure the prevalence, severity, and impact of pain on quality of life for HIV patients; to identify factors associated with undertreatment of pain. <i>Design:</i> Multicentre cross sectional survey. <i>Settings:</i> 34 HIV treatment facilities, including inpatient hospital wards, day hospitals, and ambulatory care clinics, in 13 cities throughout France. <i>Subjects:</i> 315 HIV patients at different stages of the disease. <i>Main outcome measures</i>: Patients: recorded presence and severity of pain and rated quality of life. Doctors: reported disease status, estimate of pain severity, and analgesic treatment ordered. <i>Results:</i> From 30% (17/56) of outpatients to 62% (73/118) of inpatients reported pain due to HIV disease. Pain severity significantly decreased patients9 quality of life. Doctors underestimated pain severity in 52% (70/135) of HIV patients reporting pain. Underestimation of pain severity was more likely for patients who reported moderate (odds ratio 24) or severe pain (165) and less likely for patients whose pain source was identified or who were perceived as more depressed. Of the patients reporting moderate or severe pain, 57% (61/107) did not receive any analgesic treatment; only 22% (23/107) received at least weak opioids. Likelihood of analgesic prescription increased when doctors estimated pain to be more severe and regarded patients as sicker. <i>Conclusions:</i> Pain is a common and debilitating symptom of HIV disease which is gravely underestimated and undertreated. <h3>Key messages</h3> Pain is a common and debilitating symptom of HIV disease; it is seriously undertreated This multicentre study shows that pain is present in 62% of HIV inpatients, that its severity decreases their quality of life, and that over half with significant pain do not receive any analgesic treatment Undertreatment of pain in HIV disease is related to doctors both underestimating pain and underprescribing analgesics The more severe the pain, the more often doctors underestimate it Doctors are reluctant to prescribe potent analgesics. Likelihood of analgesic prescription increases when doctors estimate pain to be more severe and regard patients as sicker
The Influence of Obesity on Health
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

EXCESSIVE body fat, which can be called by the pejorative term obesity, has long concerned medical scientists. The basic question for them is the extent to which large fat stores impair health. But consideration of this root question soon leads to examination of the optimal ways to measure and classify obesity, to the causes of obesity, to estimates of its distribution in varying cultural and socioeconomic groups, and to the optimal methods of treatment and their hazards. This review will deal with each of these questions, but especially with the influence of excessive body fat on health.It is plain . . .
A triple altered collagen II peptide with consecutive substitutions of TCR contacting residues inhibits collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Z.-Q. Yao, R. Li, Z.-G. Li
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

the heart showed signs of ischaemia but no evidence of myocardial infarction or viral myocarditis (fig 1).No pulmonary emboli were noted, although diffuse alveolar damage consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome was observed.All cultures for bacteria and fungi, including lung and blood, did not grow organisms.The rest of the autopsy was unremarkable.Our patient exhibited some evidence of myocardial and/or pulmonary dysfunction before the initiation of IL 1 blockade.It is possible that her AOSD-associated cardiac disease progressed despite excellent control of her other symptoms.Alternatively, experience with TNF inhibitors suggests that cardiac events can occur despite clinical improvement in the underlying inflammatory disease.Concluding that a similar adverse event profile accompanies IL 1 inhibition is speculative, and we cannot be certain that anakinra played a part in this patient's cardiac events.However, the course of this patient suggests that systematic collection of data to assess possible associations between IL 1 blockade and cardiac complications is important.
Dutch prosecutors get tough on euthanasia
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Some people are genuinely interested in doing good work.Others, including doctors, do it for the mileage it generates in terms of publicity and good will-for voluntary health camps are a very visible form of charity.Such camps, however, are only temporary, are unable to help patients with acute illnesses, and offer inadequate follow up.Unless frequent and regular over several years, they are unlikely to solve the problem of access to
THE FATTY ACIDS OF HUMAN MILK. II. ALTERATIONS PRODUCED BY MANIPULATION OF CALORIC BALANCE AND EXCHANGE OF DIETARY FATS*†
Authors: W. Insull, J. Hirsch, T. James, E. H. Ahrens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

This report describes specific alteration of the fatty acid pattern of human milk produced by rigidly controlled variations in the maternal diet.  The subject was a 23-year old white para 3 who had a normal pregnancy and delivered spontaneously at term.  The baby girl was breastfed exclusively 6 feedings/day at 4-hour intervals.  An orally administered liquid formula supplemented by vitamins and minerals was the sole nourishment of the mother.  Maternal milk output was determined by weighing the baby immediately before and after each nursing.  Milk samples were collected at the end of each dietary period for chemical analysis.  2 independent but complementary methods the gas liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry after isomerization with alkali were used to analyze fatty acid patterns.  The experimental design consisted of:  promoting of synthesis of milk fat from carbohydrates by feeding excess calories and no fat (period 3); promotion of transfer of depot fat by feeding deficient calories (period 4); and promotion of transfer of dietary fat by feeding excess calories as corn oil (period 5).  The effects of substituting 1 fat for another were compared in periods 2 (lard) and 7 (corn oil).  The results show that the fatty acid composition of human milk can be radically altered without affecting milk volume or milk fat output.  During energy equilibrium milk fat appears like dietary fat.  During caloric deficiency milk fat resembles human depot fat.  These findings show that fatty acid pattern of human breast milk is influenced by transfer of dietary or depot fat.  During excess nonfat calories the milk exhibited a striking increase in lauric and myristic acids and a marked decline of all polyenoic acid.  None of the serum ester groups (cholesterol esters triglycerides and phospholipids) showed a parallel rise in these acids.  The study also shows that human mammary acid synthesis differs in many ways from that in extramammary depots.
GPs face pressure from patients after Specsavers markets its NHS audiology service
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The leading commercial eyecare provider Specsavers has been criticised for directly marketing its NHS funded hearing care services to patients, amid fear of a surge in demand that could destabilise NHS finances.

The company has secured more than 30 contracts to provide community audiology services across England as one of several private firms approved to provide NHS services under the government’s “any qualified provider” scheme.1

But in a move that one senior GP has described as “the ugly side of commercialisation” Specsavers has sent out leaflets to patients, featuring the NHS logo, urging them to ask their GP to refer them to Specsavers for free hearing tests, free digital hearing aids, and free aftercare. The company has also placed advertisements for its NHS services in newspapers and on buses.

GP commissioners are concerned that the marketing drive may stimulate unnecessary demand and hamper their efforts to keep increasingly tight NHS finances under control.

Rules on marketing NHS services state that …
Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor in Stroke-Reply
Authors: Philip A. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Cigarette smoking was found to be an independent risk factor for stroke in men in the Framingham cohort after 16 years of follow-up, back in 1972.<sup>1</sup>The recent report was a detailed prospective study of the relationship of documented cigarette smoking habits, with special attention to quitting, to incidence of stroke in women as well as men in this representative general population sample. Since the current Framingham Study report related prospectively determined cigarette smoking habits to the occurrence of stroke documented by clinical examination rather than by death certificates, the report by Khaw et al<sup>2</sup>did not seem relevant. Furthermore, this recent study included all stroke cases, nonfatal as well as fatal, and in sufficient numbers to sustain detailed analysis. However, their finding that cigarette smoking was a significant independent risk factor in elderly women in the Rancho Bernardo community is certainly noteworthy. As pointed out
Sampling of vehicle emissions for chemical analysis and biological testing.
Authors: D Schuetzle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Representative dilution tube sampling techniques for particulate and gas phase vehicle emissions are described using Teflon filter media and XAD-2 resin. More than 90% of the total gas (C8-C18) and particulate direct acting Ames assay mutagenicity (TA 98) was found in the particulate phase. The gas and particulate phase material was fractionated by HPLC into nonpolar, moderately polar and highly polar chemical fractions. The moderately polar chemical fraction of the particulates contained more than 50% of the direct acting Ames assay mutagenicity for the total extract. The concentration of oxygenated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAH) and nitrated PAH (nitro-PAH) identified in the moderately polar particulate fractions are given. Nitro-PAH account for most of the direct-acting (TA 98) Ames assay mutagenicity in these moderately polar fractions. Reactions and kinetic expressions for chemical conversion of PAH are presented. Chemical conversion of PAH to nitro-PAH during dilution tube sampling of particulates on Teflon filters and gases on XAD-2 resin is a minor problem (representing 10-20%, on the average, of the 1-nitropyrene found in extracts) at short (46 min) sampling times, at low sampling temperatures (42 degrees C), and in diluted exhaust containing 3 ppm NO2. Particulate emissions collected from dilution tubes on filter media appear to be representative of what is emitted in the environment as based upon a comparison of highway and laboratory studies.
The Role of Proteinases in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: R. A. Stockley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Proteinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic destructive lung diseases. Their role has been implied by a combination of genetic deficiency of their inhibitors and/or their ability to induce lung disease in animal models that resemble the human counterpart. However, identification of proteinases in lung tissue has proven difficult, with the exception of airway secretions, which often contain excessive and varied enzyme activity. Recent studies have focused on the role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of airway diseases. This article reviews the evidence for their role in chronic bronchitis, the implications of this role, and new approaches to therapy based on the pathogenic mechanisms involved.