tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I Study of Escalating Targeted Doses of Carboplatin Combined With Ifosfamide and Etoposide in Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: Neyssa M. Marina, John H. Rodman, Daryl J. Murry, Sarah J. Shema, Laura C. Bowmans, Deborah P. Jones, Wayne Furman, William H. Meyer, Charles B. Pratt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Phase I Study of Escalating Targeted Doses of Carboplatin Combined With Ifosfamide and Etoposide in Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Solid Tumors Get access Neyssa M. Marina, Neyssa M. Marina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H. Rodman, John H. Rodman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daryl J. Murry, Daryl J. Murry Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sarah J. Shema, Sarah J. Shema Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laura C. Bowmans, Laura C. Bowmans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deborah P. Jones, Deborah P. Jones Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne Furman, Wayne Furman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William H. Meyer, William H. Meyer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles B. Pratt Charles B. Pratt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 544–548, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.544 Published: 06 April 1994 Article history Received: 08 June 1993 Revision received: 21 December 1993 Accepted: 06 January 1994 Published: 06 April 1994
COX-2 inhibition is neither necessary nor sufficient for celecoxib to suppress tumor cell proliferation and focus formation in vitro
Authors: Huan-Ching Chuang, Adel Kardosh, Kevin J Gaffney, Nicos A Petasis, Axel H Schönthal
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Abstract Background An increasing number of reports is challenging the notion that the antitumor potential of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex ® ) is mediated primarily via the inhibition of COX-2. We have investigated this issue by applying two different analogs of celecoxib that differentially display COX-2-inhibitory activity: the first analog, called unmethylated celecoxib (UMC), inhibits COX-2 slightly more potently than its parental compound, whereas the second analog, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), has lost the ability to inhibit COX-2. Results With the use of glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, we comparatively analyzed the effects of celecoxib, UMC, and DMC in various short-term (≤48 hours) cellular and molecular studies, as well as in long-term (≤3 months) focus formation assays. We found that DMC exhibited the most potent antitumor activity; celecoxib was somewhat less effective, and UMC clearly displayed the overall weakest antitumor potential in all aspects. The differential growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-stimulatory potency of these compounds in short-term assays did not at all correlate with their capacity to inhibit COX-2, but was closely aligned with their ability to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), as indicated by the induction of the ERS marker CHOP/GADD153 and activation of the ERS-associated caspase 7. In addition, we found that these compounds were able to restore contact inhibition and block focus formation during long-term, chronic drug exposure of tumor cells, and this was achieved at sub-toxic concentrations in the absence of ERS or inhibition of COX-2. Conclusion The antitumor activity of celecoxib in vitro did not involve the inhibition of COX-2. Rather, the drug's ability to trigger ERS, a known effector of cell death, might provide an alternative explanation for its acute cytotoxicity. In addition, the newly discovered ability of this drug to restore contact inhibition and block focus formation during chronic drug exposure, which involved neither ERS nor COX-2, suggests a novel, as yet unrecognized mechanism of celecoxib action.
Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract Stimulates cAMP in Tγ Lymphocytes
Authors: Troels Herlin, Jørgen R. Jensen, Kristian Thestrup‐Pedersen, Hugh Zachariae
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) from human blood leukocytes gave a 3- to 8-fold increase in the cAMP concentration after addition to purified lymphocytes. No significant change in cGMP was observed. When purified lymphocytes were separated into T cells and non-T cells by an E-AET rosette technique the cAMP response was most pronounced in T cells. When further separating T lymphocytes into T cells with Fc receptors for IgG and T cells with Fc receptors for IgM (T gamma and T mu lymphocytes), the increase in cAMP following stimulation was specifically conferred to T gamma lymphocytes. Our findings may support the concept that DLE activates T gamma lymphocytes, leading to an increase in suppressor cell function.
India's ambition to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: T. Burki
Journal: BMJ (2014)

With the introduction of a new drug, can the new government keep its promise to rid India of kala azar? Talha Burki reports

In 2005 India signed a memorandum of understanding with Nepal and Bangladesh, undertaking to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala azar, as a public health problem by 2015. Elimination was defined as an incidence of less than one case in 10 000 people at district level. This was an arbitrary figure, borrowed from the campaign against leprosy and epidemiologically meaningless. But it had political cachet, and while the previous Congress government that signed the memorandum seemed to lose interest in the disease, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which took over earlier this year, has reinvigorated efforts. The BJP renewed the international commitment, and at a high level meeting in Patna, Bihar, on 2 September 2014 the minister of health Harsh Vardhan unveiled a roadmap for tackling kala azar,1 including financial incentives for community health workers who identify patients with the disease. Accredited social health activists will be given 300 rupees (£3; €3.90; $4.90) for each patient identified with a rapid blood test. Patients treated in hospital will get 500 rupees a day as compensation for missed earnings.

Crucially, India is finally ready to roll out liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), a safe and effective treatment that requires only one intravenous administration. The World Health Organization, through an agreement with the producers of AmBisome, Gilead Sciences, has committed to provide supplies to cover the predicted caseloads until the end of 2016, and subsequently …
Survival and predictors of survival in patients with congestive heart failure due to Chagas' cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C Mady, R H Cardoso, A C Barretto, P L da Luz, G Bellotti, F Pileggi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The fundamental determinant of the natural history of Chagas' disease is cardiac involvement.We studied 104 male patients with congestive heart failure due to Chagas' disease to estimate the survival distribution function and to evaluate age, functional class (FC), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and ejection fraction (EF) as predictors of survival. Statistical evaluation was performed through univariate (Student's t test and chi 2 test) and multivariate analyses (Cox's regression model). Overall survival was 66% at 1 year, 56% at 3 years, and 48% at 5 years. Ages were not statistically different (P = .9811) between survivor (40.3 +/- 8.7) and nonsurvivor (40.3 +/- 9.4) groups. The ejection fraction(s) were statistically different (P = .0001) between survival (43.6 +/- 9.9) and nonsurvival (30.6 +/- 8.1) groups, as was VO2max (P = .0001) (21.0 +/- 4.7 and 15.0 +/- 4.9, respectively). Most of the surviving patients were in FC II and most of the nonsurvivors were in FC IV (P = .0001). VO2max (P = .0001) and EF (P = .0008) are highly associated with survival time in the multivariate analysis, but FC (P = .0578) is less important. Age (P = .9811) did not influence survival.We conclude that 50% of the patients with heart failure due to Chagas' disease die in 47 months and that VO2max and EF are important indices of survival in this group.
The electrophoresis of human gastric juice: Part I In normal controls
Authors: D. W. Piper, M. C. Stiel, J. E. Builder
Journal: Gut (1962)

The electrophoretic pattern of normal human gastric juice is described. The effect of autodigestion of gastric juice and of the peptic digestion of albumin is described. The fallacies involved in the study of gastric juice proteins where peptic digestion of the protein constituent has not been prevented are emphasized. In this study the gastric juice was neutralized within the stomach to prevent changes due to autodigestion.
IMPROVED METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Colin M. MacLeod, Harold Markowitz, Amy S. Roe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The specific polysaccharides of Types I and V pneumococcus give sharp equivalence zones and show maximal precipitation with homologous rabbit antisera only when carefully prepared from cultures which have not been neutralized with alkali. The precipitating power of S V toward homologous rabbit antiserum falls off in 0.1 N NaOH even more rapidly than that of S I, dropping to 7 per cent of the original value in 6 days at room temperature. The alkaline solution develops a large absorption peak at 270 mmicro. Directions are given for the preparation of S VII and S XII.
Controlled Clinical Trial of Combined Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Authors: R. N. Smith, S. A. Taylor, J. C. Massey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A -double-blind crossover trial of a combined preparation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine (1:4 ratio) compared with thyroxine alone was conducted with 99 patients previously stabilized on. thyroxine as treatment for hypothyroidism. Four patients were excluded during the trial and eight afterwards owing to gross deficiencies in taking the tablets. Of the remaining 87 patients 42 (48%) had no -preference for either medication, 29 (33%) preferred thyroxine alone, and 16 (18%) the combination. A high incidence of unpleasant symptoms was experienced during the two months9 treatment with the combined preparation. The serum protein-bound iodine levels were lowered (mean reduction 1·8 μg./100 ml.) on the combination, but the labelled T<sub>3</sub>-resin sponge uptake values were not altered and remained in the normal range. on both treatments.
Unusual Complication of Myanesin Therapy in Treatment of Tetanus
Authors: M. L. Newhouse, J. D. Rochford, G. R. Royston
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Ps. pyocyanea infection as reviewed by Stanley (1947).According to the tables of mortality probabilities in burns, Case 3 had less than a 5 % chance of survival under modern burn therapy.He responded well from the start, even before the administration of cortisone.He did not develop any evidence of pulmonary oedema, despite the fact that on the second day he received 15,500 ml. of fluid (Fig. 2).He did, however, develop marked peripheral oedema, making it necessary by the third day to split the body cast.This oedema probably accounts for the marked positive fluid-balance at this time.Cortisone therapy was begun on the fourth day and continued to the twenty- seventh day.Eosinophil counts were found to be depressed on the tenth, twelfth, and twenty-fourth days (Fig. 3).The cortisone dosage was tapered off on the nineteenth and finally stopped on the twenty-seventh day.The very high counts on the following days may indicate that the endo- genous production of corticoids was somewhat depressed.The patient experienced a remarkable state of well-being, almost euphoria, during the period of cortisone administration and after its cessation.Also, he managed a sizeable calorie intake, averaging over 4,000 calories daily and on three occasions reaching 7,000 calories.Although it has been reported (Ragan et al., 1950) that too much cortisone may delay wound-healing, no such difficulty was encountered in this case, despite the fact that the first graft was made during the period of cortisone administration.Summary Three cases of severe burn are presented in which routine burn therapy was supplemented by the administration of cortisone acetate.The first patient, who suffered a 55% bum, died despite cortisone therapy.He had a normal histological distribution of lipoid material in the adrenal cortices at necropsy.The second patient, who suffered a 30% bum, received corti- sone from the third to eighth days, during which period she was remarkably well.Her condition deteriorated clinically after the initial change of burn dressings on the tenth day.She died on the twenty-fourth day, death apparently being due to sepsis.The finding of markedly decreased sudanophilic material in her adrenal cortices suggests adrenal exhaustion at the time of death.The third patient, who suffered a 70% burn, has done well.He received cortisone from the fourth to twenty-seventh days and displayed a remarkable state of well-being and a keen appetite.This unusual recovery may be related to the cortisone therapy.We wish to acknowledge the assistance of M.
Therapy for Thyroid Nodules
Authors: RICHARD J. SAMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1976Therapy for Thyroid NodulesRICHARD J. SAMPSON, M.D.RICHARD J. SAMPSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-6-750 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am concerned that Becker and associates, in last September'sAnnals of Internal Medicine(83:347-351, 1975), have suggested "total or near-total thyroidectomy" for patients with "cold" thyroid nodules found in a previously irradiated population. This therapy is advised by these authors because of the discovery of thyroid carcinoma away from the clinically demonstrated nodules and because of the multifocality of some of the discovered malignant tumors. Such radical therapy is, however, unwarranted because of the benign natural course of these tumors. There is abundant evidence both from long-term follow-up data and from autopsy data (1, 2) that...References1. SAMPSONKEYBUNCHER RCC: Thyroid carcinoma in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: I. Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma at autopsy. JAMA 209:65-70, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WOOLNERBEAHRSBLACK LOB: General considerations and follow-up data on 1181 cases, in Thyroid Neoplasia, edited by YOUNG S, INMAN DR. London, Academic Press, 1968, pp. 51-79 Google Scholar3. SAMPSONOKAKEY RHC: Metastases from occult thyroid carcinoma: an autopsy study from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Cancer 25:803-811, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MEIERWOOLNERBEAHRS DLO: Parenchymal findings in thyroid carcinoma: pathologic study of 256 cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 19:162, 1969 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. THOMPSONSHAHHUVOS HJA: Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: recurrence in the thyroid gland after initial surgical treatment. Am J Surg 124-468-472, 1972 Google Scholar1. WOOLNERLEMMONBEAHRS LMO: Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a study of 140 cases observed in a 30-year period. J Clin Endocr 20:89-105, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WOOLNERBEAHRSBLACK LOB: Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. A study of 885 cases observed in a thirty year period. Am J Surg 102:354-387, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Newton-Wellesley Hospital Newton Lower Falls, MA 02162 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHead and neck neoplasia following irradiation for benign conditionsManagement of thyroid nodules. I: History and physical examination, blood tests, x-ray tests, and ultrasonographyThe Approach to the Irradiated Thyroid 1 June 1976Volume 84, Issue 6Page: 750-751KeywordsAutopsyMalignant tumorsThyroid carcinomaThyroidectomy Issue Published: 1 June 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Double-stranded RNA-induced CC chemokine synthesis in human bronchial smooth muscle cells and toll-like receptor 3
Authors: K. Niimi, K. Asano, Y. Shiraishi, M. Wakaki, T. Nakajima, J. Kagyo, Y. Suzuki, T. Shiomi, T. Oguma, K. Sayama, K. Yamaguchi, A. Ishizaka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Microneedle‐Based Transdermal Sensor for On‐Chip Potentiometric Determination of K<sup>+</sup>
Authors: Philip R. Miller, Xiaoyin Xiao, Igal Brener, D. Bruce Burckel, Roger Narayan, Ronen Polsky
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The determination of electrolytes is invaluable for point of care diagnostic applications. An ion selective transdermal microneedle sensor is demonstrated for potassium by integrating a hollow microneedle with a microfluidic chip to extract fluid through a channel towards a downstream solid‐state ion‐selective‐electrode (ISE). 3D porous carbon and 3D porous graphene electrodes, made via interference lithography, are compared as solid‐state transducers for ISE's and evaluated for electrochemical performance, stability, and selectivity. The porous carbon K + ISE's show better performance than the porous graphene K + ISE's, capable of measuring potassium across normal physiological concentrations in the presence of interfering ions with greater stability. This new microfluidic/microneedle platform shows promise for medical applications.
The effect of bronchial blood flow on hyperpnea-induced airway obstruction and injury.
Authors: A N Freed, C Omori, B H Schofield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We examined the effect of bronchial blood flow (BBF) on hyperpnea-induced airway obstruction (HIAO) in dogs. HIAO in in situ isolated pulmonary lobes with or without BBF was monitored via a bronchoscope. An intravascular tracer in conjunction with morphometric analysis was used to document the efficacy of our occlusion technique. We found that (a) Occlusion of the bronchial artery abolished bronchovascular leakage, but did not alter HIAO; (b) HIAO occurred in postmortem dogs, and was attenuated by cooling; (c) absence of BBF did not cause mucosal damage, although hyperpnea-induced injury was enhanced in airways lacking BBF; (d) BBF did not affect either goblet/ ciliated cell ratios or hyperpnea-induced goblet cell degranulation; (e) ligation of the bronchial artery and hyperpnea each caused mast cell degranulation, and these effects were additive; (f) hyperpnea-induced leukocyte infiltration was reduced in the absence of BBF; and (g) ligation of the bronchial artery and hyperpnea with dry air each increased airway vessel diameter, and these effects were additive. We conclude that either impairment or absence of BBF abolishes bronchovascular leakage and increases hyperpnea-induced mucosal injury, but fails to affect HIAO. Based on these results we speculate that bronchovascular leakage protects the bronchial mucosa from excessive losses of heat and water, and inhibits mucosal damage.
Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Richard H. Aster, Daniel W. Bougie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia should be suspected in any patient with acute thrombocytopenia of unknown cause. Although the incidence is low, more than 100 drugs have been implicated in thrombocytopenia, including quinine, sulfonamides, abciximab, carbamazepine, and vancomycin, as well as herbal remedies and several nonprescription drugs. This review summarizes the current understanding of pathogenesis and provides a guide for diagnosis and management of this potentially dangerous disorder.
Open letter raises concerns about NICE guidance on statins
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of leading doctors have written an open letter to David Haslam, chairman of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and to the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, raising serious concerns about the latest draft guidance on statins.1

The letter was signed by Richard Thompson, president of the Royal College of Physicians, and Clare Gerada, former chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners. The letter said, “We urge you to withdraw the current guidance on statins for people at low risk of cardiovascular disease until all the data are made available. The potential consequences of not doing so are worrying: harm to many patients over many years, and the loss of public and professional faith in NICE as an independent assessor. Public interests need always to be put before other interests, particularly [those of] Pharma.”

The draft guidance from NICE, published in February, recommended lowering the threshold for treatment with statins to include people who had a 10% or higher 10 year risk of developing cardiovascular disease.2 3 Consultation on the guidance closed on 26 March, and final guidance is due to be published …
Determining the Quality of Breast Cancer Care: Do Tumor Registries Measure Up?
Authors: Nina A. Bickell, Mark R. Chassin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Hospital tumor registries, which provide data that inform health services research and cancer control policies, may be a source of information about quality of cancer care. However, the accuracy of data from such registries is unknown. Objective: To determine the accuracy of tumor registry data by comparing it with data collected from numerous sources for a breast cancer quality improvement project. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Three teaching hospitals with tumor registries in the New York metropolitan area that had participated in the quality improvement project. Patients: All women with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer (stage I or stage II) who were surgically treated at the study hospitals between 1 November 1994 and 31 August 1996. Measurements: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and data from the quality improvement project were used as the gold standard. Results: The tumor registries and the quality improvement project had similar information on tumor stage and surgery type. Sensitivity ranged from 0.91 to 0.96, and specificity ranged from 0.93 to 0.97. When both sources were used to calculate quality measures, the overall rate of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery was 80% in the quality improvement project and 48% in the tumor registries (sensitivity, 0.58; specificity, 0.94). For receipt of adjuvant systemic treatment, the rate was 78% in the quality improvement project and 22% in the tumor registries (sensitivity, 0.27; specificity, 0.97). Conclusions: Data from tumor registries provide accurate measures for hospital-based surgical treatments but not for outpatient treatments. Unverified tumor registry data should not be used to measure quality of care.
Case 37-1968
Authors: Marshall K. Bartlett, Austin L. Vkkery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-eight-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal distention and pain.Four months previously he awoke with malaise and lower abdominal pain, and later in the day, while on a trip to another city, he experienced nausea and persistent lower abdominal pain. On the next morning he was slightly improved and able to drive several hundred miles, although he was anorectic and nauseated, with bloating, constipation and lower abdominal pain. Bowel movements were possible only with severe straining. He noticed no change in the character of the stools, and there was no fever, melena . . .