tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evasive maneuvers by hepatitits C virus
Authors: Brett D. Lindenbach, Charles M. Rice
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) serine protease is necessary for viral replication and represents a valid target for developing new therapies for HCV infection. Potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme have been identified and shown to inhibit HCV replication in tissue culture. The optimization of these inhibitors for clinical development would greatly benefit from in vitro systems for the identification and the study of resistant variants. We report the use of HCV subgenomic replicons to isolate and characterize mutants resistant to a protease inhibitor. Taking advantage of the replicons' ability to transduce resistance to neomycin, we selected replicons with decreased sensitivity to the inhibitor by culturing the host cells in the presence of the inhibitor and neomycin. The selected replicons replicated to the same extent as those in parental cells. Sequence analysis followed by transfection of replicons containing isolated mutations revealed that resistance was mediated by amino acid substitutions in the protease. These results were confirmed by in vitro experiments with mutant enzymes and by modeling the inhibitor in the three–dimensional structure of the protease.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIGENIC STIMULATION ON INCORPORATION OF PHOSPHATE AND METHIONINE INTO PROTEINS OF ISOLATED LYMPH NODE CELLS
Authors: Milton Kern, Herman N. Eisen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Isolated lymph node cells incorporate inorganic orthophosphate into a protein fraction. The phosphorylated product is a phosphoprotein. The rate of phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein was determined in cells isolated from regional lymph nodes at varying times after antigen injection. The rate was unaltered on the 3rd day, but was enhanced on the 4th day after injection. Parallel results were obtained with L-methionine incorporation into the same gross protein fraction. Possible relationships between antibody formation and the observed enhancement in phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein are discussed.
The Action and Uses of Ovarian Extracts
Authors: W. E. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1927)

3fZtDlCAZ?JOW1341~~~~~~~~~ incision to explore the abdomen thoroughly.The appendix is in every case carefully examined, but it is removed only if there is definite evi(lence of disease.If it is injected, inflamed, markedly thickened, distended, or even contains many concretions, it is taken out, but a mild degree of fibrosis or the presence of membranes and filamentous bands is not regarded as sufficient evidence of disease to warrant removal.The appentdix was excised in 73 cases, approxi- mately 4 per cent.; if it [lad been definitely inflamed or had been the primary catise of the upper abdominal lesion, there should have beeni further trouble in a considerable number of cases, yet in in total number of gastric and duodenal ulcers the incidence of gastro-jejunal ulceratioln ivas considerably under 2 per cent.; or, takinig only the cases of pyloric and duodenal ulcer, wlhiclh miiay be regarded as the only group likelv to be followed by this complication, the incidence was between 2 and 3 per cent.This rate compares favourably with many of the published statistics, and I think, therefore, it can be accepted that the omission to perform routine appendicectomy does not in any way increase the possibility of the after-formation of gastro- jejunal ulceration.Of the total of over 1,700 cases, only 5 have afterwards developed acute appendicitis..This is an incidence of 0.28 per cent., and is probably but very little, if indeed at all, hiigher than the incidence in the general population.All these cases have been most care- fully watched in a follow-up department, and I feel con- fident that few, if any, of such complications have been overlooked.These figures show clearly that the relation- ship between chronic appendicitis and lesions of the upper abdomen is much less intimate than has been believed.The appendix should certainly be examined in every case of such a lesion, but it is only necessary to remove it if there is very definite evidelnce of disease, and it is never justifiable to inform a patient that the removal of a slightly fibrous or adherent appendix will relieve her of severe abdominal pain.
Genome-wide scan for high-risk prostate cancer families with breast cancer reveals new loci for prostate cancer and breast cancer
Authors: Mette A. Peters, Janet L. Stanford, Mike D. Badzioch, Suzanne Kolb, Marta Janer, Ellen L. Goode, Mark Gibbs, Leroy Hood, Elaine A Ostrander, Gail P. Jarvik
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
WHO DOES THE STEALING?
Authors: P. H. Cronin
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Chicago., October 6, 1883. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> Dr. Casebeer, in introducing the subject of his interesting paper, mentions that Prof. A. A. Smith lectured at Bellevue Hospital Medical College on "The frequent repetition of doses of medicine." The lecture referred to, though embracing the consideration of what is purely within the domain of scientific medicine, has been made to serve the purpose of a certain class of irregulars, in their endeavor to prove that their "school" is correct, in all things, and that the "old school" has at last accepted Homœopathy, pure and simple. As an instance of this tendency on the part of irregulars to belittle the profession, in the estimation of the outside world, I quote the following, clipped from the<i>Microcosm</i>, a well known scientific journal, and widely circulated among teachers and clergymen. <h3>"To the Editor:</h3> In the April number of your valuable journal, Dr. G. A.
LIPOMA ARBORESCENS TUBERCULOSUM OF THE KNEE JOINT.
Authors: CHARLES G. LEVISON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

J. S., male, age 50, has suffered with a swollen knee joint for several years; this has gradually grown worse, and was extremely painful on motion. He was incapacitated for work, and was compelled to rest heavily on his cane while walking. There was no history of traumatism, syphilis or tuberculosis. <i>Examination</i>revealed a knee much larger than its companion, with an obliteration of the patellar folds. Fluctuation was present. The patella was very movable, due to the presence of fluid within the joint; no pain on manipulation. The patient could flex his leg to a right angle; this movement was accompanied by a "meaty" crepitus, not the form of crepitation, however, commonly felt in a diseased joint; in other words, a sensation was transmitted on palpation, as if some soft substance were present within the joint. This crepitation became more marked as the flexion increased. The skiagraph revealed a shadow
Allergic Eczema and Cataract
Authors: J. G. Milner
Journal: BMJ (1941)

A brief analy sis is presented of 130 recruits referred by Ministry of Labour medical boards for special examination of the cardiovascular system.The difficulties of the systolic nmuirmur and borderline effort syndrome cases are considered, and attention is drawn to occasional radiological and electrocardiographical changes leading to lower grading in patients in whom the clinical signs were equivocal.I have indicated some of my views on grading, but am well aware.that in many of the problems presented there is no room for dogmatism.Further, the actual grading is finally a matter not for the consultant but for the medical board.I am very much indebted to my secretary, Miss K. Wolfen- den, for her help in the preparation of this paper.
Rabbit distal convoluted tubule coexpresses NaCl cotransporter and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II mRNA
Authors: Heino Velázquez, Aniko Náray-Fejes-Tóth, Teresa Silva, Eleanor Andújar, Robert F. Reilly, Gary V. Desir, David H. Ellison
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Blood-pressure-raising Reflexes in Hysterical Anaesthesia
Authors: J. V. Cable, F. H. Smirk
Journal: BMJ (1941)

OURNALwith a diameter slightly greater than the calibre of the bullet.Furthermore, the explosive effect is also observed when a bullet is fired through a soft medium kept in a vacuum.But, on the other hand, the cavitation which occurs in a soft medium is almost certainly responsible for the drawing in of air, some of which may be pushed out again when the target returns to its previous shape.Air may be left in the track, as is shown by the subsequent presence of a few minute bubbles in the gelatin blocks.Small bubbles are also sometimes observed in splinter wounds in flesh.The fact that the shadowgraphs of animal limbs are essentially similar to those of the gelatin blocks suggests that precisely the same changes occur in human or animal tissues that are traversed by high-velocity missiles.The distortion to which they are subjected can only be likened to that of an internal explosion, and at the height of the deformation, which occurs after the missile has left the part, the tissues must be stretched around a central cavity of
Major Changes Seen for US Childhood Vaccination
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE FIRST steps on the road to a nationwide, broad-based immunization program for US children have been taken. If the plans being discussed come to fruition—and it seems likely that they will—major changes are coming in the way vaccine-preventable diseases will be managed in this country. These changes will affect the entire spectrum of immunization, from the development of new types of vaccines, through their distribution, to the ways in which they are used in the population. For a start, the National Vaccine Program Office in the Department of Health and Human Services has been overhauled. Donald A. Henderson, MD, deputy assistant secretary for health, has appointed Anthony Robbins, MD, professor of public health, Boston (Mass) University School of Medicine, as the office's director. Robbins, who replaces Kenneth J. Bart, MD, is an experienced public health official who was a member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce in the
Outcomes of Children With <i>BCR-ABL1</i>–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Risk-Directed Therapy Based on the Levels of Minimal Residual Disease
Authors: Kathryn G. Roberts, Deqing Pei, Dario Campana, Debbie Payne-Turner, Yongjin Li, Cheng Cheng, John T. Sandlund, Sima Jeha, John Easton, Jared Becksfort, Jinghui Zhang, Elaine Coustan-Smith, Susana C. Raimondi, Wing H. Leung, Mary V. Relling, William E. Evans, James R. Downing, Charles G. Mullighan, Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

BCR-ABL1–like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a recently identified B-cell ALL (B-ALL)subtype with poor outcome that exhibits a gene expression profile similar to BCR-ABL1-positive ALL but lacks the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. We examined the outcome of children with BCR-ABL1–like ALL treated with risk-directed therapy based on minimal residual disease (MRD) levels during remission induction.Among 422 patients with B-ALL enrolled onto the Total Therapy XV study between 2000 and 2007, 344 had adequate samples for gene expression profiling. Next-generation sequencing and/or analysis of genes known to be altered in B-ALL were performed in patients with BCR-ABL1–likeALL who had available material. Outcome was compared between patients with and those without BCR-ABL1–like ALL.Forty (11.6%) of the 344 patients had BCR-ABL1–like ALL. They were significantly more likely to be male, have Down syndrome, and have higher MRD levels on day 19 and at the end of induction than did other patients with B-ALL. Among 25 patients comprehensively studied for genetic abnormalities, 11 harbored a genomic rearrangement of CRLF2, six had fusion transcripts responsive to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors or JAK inhibitors, and seven had mutations involving the Ras signaling pathway. There were no significant differences in event-free survival (90.0% +/- 4.7% [SE] v. 88.4% +/- .9% at 5 years; P = .41or in overall survival (92.5% +/- 4.2% v. 95.1% +/- 1.3% at 5 years; P = .41) between patients with and without BCR-ABL1–like ALL.Patients who have BCR-ABL1–like ALL with poor initial treatment response can be salvaged with MRD-based risk-directed therapy and may benefit from identification of kinase-activating lesions for targeted therapies.
High Expression of Neuropeptide Y1 Receptors in Ewing Sarcoma Tumors
Authors: Meike Körner, Beatrice Waser, Jean Claude Reubi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Peptide receptors are frequently overexpressed in human tumors, allowing receptor-targeted scintigraphic imaging and therapy with radiolabeled peptide analogues. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors are new candidates for these applications, based on their high expression in specific cancers. Because NPY receptors are expressed in selected sarcoma cell lines and because novel treatment options are needed for sarcomas, this study assessed the NPY receptor in primary human sarcomas. Experimental Design: Tumor tissues of 88 cases, including Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), synovial sarcomas, osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas, angiosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and desmoid tumors, were investigated for NPY receptor protein with in vitro receptor autoradiography using 125I-labeled NPY receptor ligands and for NPY receptor mRNA expression with in situ hybridization. Results: ESFT expressed the NPY receptor subtype Y1 on tumor cells in remarkably high incidence (84%) and density (mean, 5,314 dpm/mg tissue). Likewise, synovial sarcomas expressed Y1 on tumor cells in high density (mean, 7,497 dpm/mg; incidence, 40%). The remaining tumors expressed NPY receptor subtypes Y1 or Y2 at lower levels. Moreover, many of the sarcomas showed Y1 expression on intratumoral blood vessels. In situ hybridization for Y1 mRNA confirmed the autoradiography results. Conclusions: NPY receptors are novel molecular markers for human sarcomas. Y1 may inhibit growth of specific sarcomas, as previously shown in an in vivo mouse model of human ESFT. The high Y1 expression on tumor cells of ESFT and synovial sarcomas and on blood vessels in many other sarcomas represents an attractive basis for an in vivo tumor targeting.
A stable latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes in infected children
Authors: Deborah Persaud, Theodore Pierson, Christian Ruff, Diana Finzi, Karen R. Chadwick, Joseph B. Margolick, Andrea Ruff, Nancy Hutton, Stuart Ray, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

HIV-1 persists in a latent state in resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes of infected adults despite prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To determine whether a latent reservoir for HIV-1 exists in infected children, we performed a quantitative viral culture assay on highly purified resting CD4(+) T cells from 21 children with perinatally acquired infection. Replication-competent HIV-1 was recovered from all 18 children from whom sufficient cells were obtained. The frequency of latently infected resting CD4(+) T cells directly correlated with plasma virus levels, suggesting that in children with ongoing viral replication, most latently infected cells are in the labile preintegration state of latency. However, in each of 7 children who had suppression of viral replication to undetectable levels for 1-3 years on HAART, latent replication-competent HIV-1 persisted with little decay, owing to a stable reservoir of infected cells in the postintegration stage of latency. Drug-resistance mutations generated by previous nonsuppressive regimens persisted in this compartment despite more than 1 year of fully suppressive HAART, rendering untenable the idea of recycling drugs that were part of failed regimens. Thus the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4(+) T cells will be a major obstacle to HIV-1 eradication in children.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Flotillin-1 is essential for PKC-triggered endocytosis and membrane microdomain localization of DAT
Authors: M Laura Cremona, Heinrich J G Matthies, Kelvin Pau, Erica Bowton, Nicole Speed, Brandon J Lute, Monique Anderson, Namita Sen, Sabrina D Robertson, Roxanne A Vaughan, James E Rothman, Aurelio Galli, Jonathan A Javitch, Ai Yamamoto
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Muscle Accumulation of Tc-99m Diphosphonate in Myophosphorylase Deficiency and Other Disorders of Muscle Glycogenolysis/Glycolysis
Authors: ROGER A. BRUMBACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Department of Neuroscience (Neurology, Neuroradiology, and Neuropathology), University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo, North Dakota
Use of BCG as an immunostimulant in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of lung: a five-year follow-up report.
Authors: F R Edwards, F Whitwell
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Sixty consecutive surviving patients treated with subdermal BCG (5 X 10(6) organisms) have been followed up for five years after resection of lung carcinoma. A control group of the previous 60 consecutive surviving patients not treated with BCG was similarly studied. We found no statistical evidence that the administration of BCG by the method described influenced the five-year survival rate, nor has any effective action upon involved lymph nodes or small metastases been demonstrated.
More than half of diabetes patients are not getting standard health checks
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Diabetes care in England is in a “state of crisis,” with fewer than half of patients receiving even the basic minimum of care, a new report from Diabetes UK warns.

The charity’s State of the Nation 2012 report states that in some areas just 6% of people with diabetes are getting the nine regular checks and services recommended by the national service framework for diabetes and by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).1 Even in the best performing areas the proportion is just 69%.

Such lack of access to this basic care has contributed to 40% of people with the condition not meeting their blood glucose targets, …
When Your Kidneys Fail: A Handbook for Patients and Their Families
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Patient education is rapidly becoming a major part of the delivery of hospital and outpatient care. Patients with end-stage renal disease, in particular, face a number of alarming and confusing problems that affect their daily lives in all respects. They deserve clearly written, accurate, and pertinent information on the many questions that arise. The present soft-cover handbook for patients and families does not meet the need. Some of the definitions of key terms are carelessly rendered, others are written in a confusing manner. It is no longer surprising to see writers with advanced degrees who are functionally illiterate, but I am unable to avoid a fresh little spurt of sadness at the sight. I suspect that within the walls of several of our teaching hospitals there is already excellent material designed for patient education in nephrology. I wonder if workers in the field might grasp the opportunity to collect, edit,
Osteopontin: A Novel Regulator in Antigen-Induced IgE and Allergic Responses
Authors: M. Kurokawa, Q. Liu, S. Konno, S.C. Hsu, B. Plunkett, H. Rohde, S.Y. Oh, T. Zheng, Z. Zhu, A.C. Myers, S.K. Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in non-European children.
Authors: P Colonna, K Belattar, L Ainas
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in non-European children SIR,-The results of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asian children living in the United Kingdom (12 March, p 839-41) are similar to those found in Algerian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with chemotherapy.As far as modern medicine is concerned communica- tion difficulties exist between doctors and patients' families in developing countries.From 1978 to 1982 54 children (under 15) were treated in our clinic (32 boys and 22 girls), and their clinical state was assessed on 1 March 1981.Initial treatment included
Renal function after long-term low-dose cyclosporin for psoriasis
Authors: A.V. POWLES, D. CARMICHAEL, B. HULME, E. THOMAS, J. McFADDEN, B. BAKER, H. VALDIMARSSON, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Renal function after long‐term low‐dose cyclosporin for psoriasis Get access A.V. POWLES, A.V. POWLES Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. CARMICHAEL, D. CARMICHAEL Department of Nephrology, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. HULME, B. HULME Department of Nephrology, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. THOMAS, E. THOMAS Department of Clinical Physics, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. McFADDEN, J. McFADDEN Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. BAKER, B. BAKER Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospial, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. VALDIMARSSON, H. VALDIMARSSON Department of Immunology, Landspitalinn, Reykjavik, Iceland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. FRY L. FRY Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospial, London Dr L.Fry, St Mary's Hospital, London W21NY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 5, 1 May 1990, Pages 665–669, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07288.x Published: 01 May 1990
"THE PRODUCTION OF ANTISCORBUTIC VITAMIN BY GERMINATION"
Authors: Edward F. Kohman
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —I read with interest your editorial of Dec. 27, 1924, on this subject. I refer particularly to the following:  The raw milk, whole wheat, crude fats and fresh vegetables of one or two generations ago have to a large extent become pasteurized or evaporated milks, patent flour, refined or hydrogenated oils and canned foods in this day.  Most of the changes represented involve features that have something to recommend them. We are not so reactionary as to assert that the old is always better than the new and that innovations in food manufacture have no redeeming aspects. In respect to antiscorbutic properties, however, it must be frankly admitted that the changes have as a rule been attended with a decrease of vitamin C. This has proceeded to such an extent that intelligent dietitians are alert to the need of supplying antiscorbutics, notably in the form of fresh
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ACHLORHYDRIA
Authors: WILLIAM FITCH CHENEY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The first essential, naturally, is to establish the fact that achlorhydria exists. The only reliable proof of this is supplied by fractional gastric analysis. A single extraction of stomach contents will not suffice. The gastric secretion must be watched throughout at least two hours after a test meal, for no free acid may be found at the end of forty-five minutes or one hour and yet may appear later on. No symptoms prove or disprove the existence of achlorhydria. Nothing in the physical examination alone determines the activity of the gastric secretion. Even roentgen-ray reports cannot be depended on to settle this question. Only fractional gastric analysis is conclusive.  Once it is determined that the stomach secretes no free hydrochloric acid, a starting point has been found from which to proceed to a diagnosis. We are then in a position to ask what conditions cause achlorhydria or with what diseases