tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E and cardiovascular protection in diabetes
Authors: A. Gazis, S. Page, J. Cockcroft
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Atheromatous vascular disease is responsible for 70% of deaths in patients with diabetes and a twofold to fourfold excess mortality in those with impaired glucose tolerance.1 Although diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, some excess risk may also be related to the association of diabetes with other risk factors, including hyperlipidaemia and hypertension in the “metabolic syndrome.” However, treating these risk factors is unlikely to have a major impact on cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.2 New approaches to reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes need to be assessed.

Increased awareness of the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atheroma3 has opened new avenues for research. One peroxidation product, oxidised low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), damages the vascular endothelium and is potently atherogenic. It impairs endothelium dependent relaxation, which is mediated by nitric oxide, an endogenous vasodilator with antiatherogenic properties. Impaired endothelium dependent relaxation may be a …
A comparative study of cardiac outputs in dogs using indicator-dilution curves and an electromagnetic flowmeter
Authors: P. C. Weaver, J. S. Bailey, V. J. Redding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article A comparative study of cardiac outputs in dogs using indicator-dilution curves and an electromagnetic flowmeter Get access P. C. Weaver, P. C. Weaver From the Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Clinical Measurement, Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. S. Bailey, J. S. Bailey From the Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Clinical Measurement, Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. J. Redding V. J. Redding From the Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Clinical Measurement, Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 248–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.2.248 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Accepted: 15 October 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
In Silico Characterization and Homology Modeling of Thylakoid bound Ascorbate Peroxidase from a Drought Tolerant Wheat Cultivar
Authors: A. Katiyar, S.K. Lenka, K. Lakshmi, V. Chinnusamy, K.C. Bansal
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2009)

Abstract Ascorbate peroxidase, a haem protein (EC 1.11.1.11), efficiently scavenges hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cytosol and chloroplasts of plants. In this study, a full-length coding sequence of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase cDNA (TatAPX) was cloned from a drought tolerant wheat cultivar C306. Homology modeling of the TatAPX protein was performed by using the template crystal structure of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase from tobacco plant (PDB: 1IYN). The model structure was further refined by molecular mechanics and dynamic methods using various tools such as PROCHECK, ProSA and Verify3D. The predicted model was then tested for docking with H2O2, the substrate for TatAPX enzyme. The results revealed that Arg233 and Glu255 in the predicted active site of the enzyme are two important amino acid residues responsible for strong hydrogen bonding affinity with H2O2, which might play an important role in scavenging of H2O2 from the plant system.
Lung Cancer Incidence and Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution from Traffic
Authors: Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Martin Hvidberg, Steen Solvang Jensen, Matthias Ketzel, Mette Sørensen, Steffen Loft, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Previous studies have shown associations between air pollution and risk for lung cancer.We investigated whether traffic and the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residence are associated with risk for lung cancer.We identified 592 lung cancer cases in the Danish Cancer Registry among 52,970 members of the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort and traced residential addresses from 1 January 1971 in the Central Population Registry. We calculated the NOx concentration at each address by dispersion models and calculated the time-weighted average concentration for all addresses for each person. We used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) after adjustment for smoking (status, duration, and intensity), environmental tobacco smoke, length of school attendance, occupation, and dietary intake of fruit.For the highest compared with the lowest quartile of NOx concentration at the residence, we found an IRR for lung cancer of 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.61], and the IRR for lung cancer in association with living within 50 m of a major road (>10,000 vehicles/day) was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.95-1.55). The results showed tendencies of stronger associations among nonsmokers, among those with a relatively low fruit intake, and among those with a longer school attendance; only length of school attendance modified the effect significantly.This study supports that risk for lung cancer is associated with different markers of air pollution from traffic near the residence.
Privatisation of pathology services Trust hospital exonerated by district auditor
Authors: R Ewings, S Bulusu
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The article concerning the proposal by North Hertfordshire NHS Trust to enter into a contract with a private company for the provision of pathology services referred to the complaint made by the BMA to the district auditor alleging impropriety and a failure by the trust to follow proper procedures during its tendering process.1

We have now received the report of the district auditor on the inquiries he made into these complaints. The report shows that the complaints made by the BMA were completely without foundation and that the trust behaved properly in every respect.

I hope this letter will assist North Herts Trust in remedying the unfair and unnecessary damage done to its reputation by the making …
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Ligands Inhibit Rho/Rho Kinase Pathway by Inducing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2
Authors: Shu Wakino, Koichi Hayashi, Takeshi Kanda, Satoru Tatematsu, Koichiro Homma, Kyoko Yoshioka, Ichiro Takamatsu, Takao Saruta
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands have an antihypertensive effect in vivo, the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We examined their effects on Rho/Rho kinase pathway, a key regulator of vascular tone. In cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC), Rho kinase stimulated by angiotensin II was suppressed by the pretreatment with pioglitazone and troglitazone, and these effects were explained by the inhibition of the Rho translocation to the cell membrane. We evaluated the role of Vav, a GTP/GDP exchange factor upregulating Rho kinase activity, and Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylated Vav and subsequently inactivated Rho kinase. Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav. Furthermore, 4-week treatment with pioglitazone lowered systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and suppressed the Rho/Rho kinase activity in aortic tissues isolated from SHR. Consistently, the expression of SHP-2 was upregulated in vascular tissues from pioglitazone-treated SHR. The phosphorylated Vav was increased in SHR, compared with that in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), which was mitigated by pioglitazone. Finally, both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated levels of Rho kinase activity were greater in RASMC from SHR than those from WKY, and the enhanced Rho kinase activity was blocked by pioglitazone or troglitazone in both strains. Collectively, PPARgamma ligands inhibit the Rho/Rho kinase pathway through upregulation of cytosolic SHP-2 expression and inactivation of Vav, and may contribute to the hemodynamic, in addition to metabolic, action in hypertensive metabolic syndrome. The full text of this article is available online at http://circres.ahajournals.org.
Melon sensitivity shares allergens with <i>Plantago</i> and grass pollens
Authors: J. C. Garcia Ortiz, P. Cosmes Martin, A. Lopez‐Asunsolo
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Possible associations between allergy to pollen and that to food allergens were studied in 262 patients sensitized to pollen. Forty‐four patients (16.7%) showed some allergic symptoms after testing with fruits and vegetables, melon being the food most frequently involved (24 patients), followed by sunflower seed (12 patients). Skin testing was done by the prick method with natural fruit or vegetable, and also with commercial food extracts. We found in our region that the distribution of sensitivity to pollens in the group of patients with allergy to fruits or vegetables does not coincide with the prevalence in pollen‐allergic subjects in general, since in the first group ‐subjects allergic to food ‐ there was a major prevalence of allergy to Plantago ( P &lt; 0.01). In particular, in the group of subjects allergic to melon, the prevalence of sensitivity to grass and especially to Plantago was larger than in pollen‐allergic subjects in general ( P &lt; 0.05 and P 0.001, respectively). The use of fresh food produced better results than commercial extracts. A positive skin test to fresh melon closely correlated with positive CAP results. CAP inhibition experiments were carried out, and we found that Dactylis and Plantago extracts inhibited the binding of the melon‐positive pool to solid‐phase melon. The results suggest the existence of common antigenic epitopes in melon and Plantago pollen, and in melon and grass pollen.
LATE RESULTS FROM TRYPARSAMIDE THERAPY IN NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: W. F. LORENZ
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The results obtained in the treatment of neurosyphilis with tryparsamide and mercury are permanent for at least five or six years. I have reviewed the cases treated by the Wisconsin group in 1920 and 1921. It was possible to obtain reliable information as to the present condition of 317 patients. Of these, 152 were noted recovered at that time. Four of these patients have since died and fourteen have returned to state hospitals. One hundred and thirty-four patients have remained permanently restored to physical health and mental efficiency for periods of from five to six years. This represents 87 per cent in whom the recovery noted after treatment has continued without relapse during from five to six years. It is interesting to note that a number of patients regarded as unimproved during the first two years of our effort with tryparsamide, and so reported in previous articles, later, with further
Basophils increase in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis and favor mesenteric lymph node memory TH17/TH1 response
Authors: Laurence Chapuy, Marwa Bsat, Heena Mehta, Manuel Rubio, Keiko Wakahara, Vu Quang Van, Nobuyasu Baba, Cheolho Cheong, Tae Jin Yun, Benoît Panzini, Ramses Wassef, Carole Richard, Raja Tamaz, Geneviève Soucy, Guy Delespesse, Marika Sarfati
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard heparin in general and orthopaedic surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: M.T. Nurmohamed, H.R. Buller, E. Dekker, D.W. Hommes, F.R. Rosendaal, E. Briet, F.R. Rosendaal, J.P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Man and society in disaster.
Authors: Thomas D. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Over the past years, several volumes— highly variable in quality—concerned with the reactions of the human mechanism in disaster situations have been presented to the public. Editors George W. Baker and Dwight W. Chapman offer a much different type of work—one which deals with the development of a program for research into the emotional forces at work in times of extreme stress and which attempts to answer two questions, Are emotional reactions predictable in time of total war or natural disaster? and, if predictable, What can be done? Drawing upon the research efforts and thinking of 17 renowned behavioral scientists, the editors lead the reader through a definition of the comparatively new field of disaster research into a delineation of the reactions of individuals and social units in disaster situations which is followed by a plan for coping with predicted behavior. The book closes with a discussion of other views
Genetic tests could detect high risk of aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Better screening tests for prostate cancer may be possible, owing to the discovery of 14 genes that are linked to more aggressive forms of the disease.

A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found 14 “loss of function” mutations in eight DNA repair genes in men who had a family history of prostate cancer. Men who carried these genes were 13 times as likely (95% confidence interval 2.56 to 83.95) to have an advanced form of the disease. The team said that this could improve screening by increasing the ability to distinguish between cases that …
Interaction of acute ventricular dilatation and d-sotalol during sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia around a fixed obstacle.
Authors: M J Reiter, Z Zetelaki, C J Kirchhof, L Boersma, M A Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Antiarrhythmic therapy of ventricular tachycardia is associated with decreased efficacy and increased proarrhythmia in patients with congestive heart failure, but the explanation for these observations is not known. This study examined the interaction of ventricular dilatation and d-sotalol in a model of reentry ventricular tachycardia. METHODS AND RESULTS Thin epicardial layers of anisotropic myocardium were created in Langendorff-perfused rabbit left ventricles by a cryo procedure. A fluid-filled, latex balloon was secured within the left ventricle to change ventricular volume. Sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia, around a central cryolesion, was induced by rapid pacing in all preparations (n = 7). Epicardial mapping was performed through 248 electrodes. Single premature beats introduced within the reentry circuit were used to define the excitable gap. Dilatation did not influence ventricular tachycardia cycle length or conduction velocity. A 1.25-mL increase in left ventricular volume widened the excitable gap by 12% (range, 5% to 29%) (P &lt; .001) because of a decrease in myocardial refractoriness. d-Sotalol (final concentration, 10 mg/L) narrowed the excitable gap 18% (range, 7% to 29%) (P = .002) in the undilated left ventricle. d-Sotalol was less effective in the dilated left ventricle, narrowing the excitable gap only 9%, a difference that was not statistically significant. During pacing to induce or terminate tachycardia, tachycardia acceleration was observed significantly more frequently in the dilated than in the undilated ventricle. Ventricular tachycardia acceleration was due to the development of double-wave reentry (two successive waves traveling in the same circuit in the same direction). d-Sotalol, which narrowed the excitable gap, prevented tachycardia acceleration and double-wave reentry. CONCLUSIONS Antiarrhythmic efficacy may be decreased by dilatation because of widening of the initial excitable gap and a decrease in the gap-narrowing effect of these agents. Double-wave reentry, more likely with a widening of excitable gap, may partially explain tachycardia acceleration in the dilated ventricle.
The A. M. A. Badge.
Authors: Irving C. Blaisdell
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Wilmore, Pa., March 25, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a late number of theJournalmy attention was called to an article written by Dr. Stewart, of Detroit, Mich., as regards a permanent badge for theAmerican Medical Association. The article comes in a good time and I have often wondered that as yet nothing has been done through the Journal, or at the yearly meetings of the Society, in the matter of choosing a badge for the Society, and am glad to see that Dr. Stewart has at last placed the matter so clearly before us as a Society. We surely know that theAmerican Medical Associationhas been founded nearly a half century and can venture on a badge when every order or society, great or small, from the Masons down, are well known and readily distinguished by a badge. And it appears to me there would be
Aldosterone Secretion in Hypertension
Authors: JACK M. GEORGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The rate of secretion and excretion of aldosterone was measured in 44 hypertensive patients. The method used for determining aldosterone secretion rate appeared to give valid results even in patients with renal failure. Hyperaldosteronism was uncommon in "benign" hypertension; its presence should suggest the possibility of curable hypertension resulting from adrenal cortical adenoma, bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia, or renal artery disease. However, hyperaldosteronism was also uncommon in patients with renal artery disease. In three patients previously untreated with antihypertensive medication, hyperaldosteronism disappeared after blood pressure was controlled.
Alarmins: awaiting a clinical response
Authors: James K. Chan, Johannes Roth, Joost J. Oppenheim, Kevin J. Tracey, Thomas Vogl, Marc Feldmann, Nicole Horwood, Jagdeep Nanchahal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Alarmins are endogenous molecules that are constitutively available and released upon tissue damage and activate the immune system. Current evidence indicates that uncontrolled and excessive release of alarmins contributes to the dysregulated processes seen in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as tumorigenesis and cancer spread. Conversely, alarmins have also been found to play a major role in the orchestration of tissue homeostasis, including repair and remodeling in the heart, skin, and nervous system. Here, we provide an update and overview on alarmins, highlighting the areas that may benefit from this clinical translation.
Advances in laboratory testing for thrombophilia
Authors: Nicholas V. Johnson, Bernard Khor, Elizabeth M. Van Cott
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Testing for hereditary thrombophilia typically includes tests for activated protein C resistance (APC-R) and/or factor V Leiden, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and prothrombin G20210A. New options for these assays have become available in recent years, with different advantages and disadvantages among the currently available methods. Potential interferences for each assay type are discussed, including lupus anticoagulants, heparin, warfarin, direct thrombin inhibitors (such as argatroban, dabigatran, hirudin, or bivalirudin), rivaroxaban, factor deficiencies or elevations, factor V Leiden, and specific mutations that the assay(s) might not be able to detect. Causes of acquired deficiencies are also described, as these must be carefully excluded before diagnosing a hereditary deficiency of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin.
Short and long term outcome of Helicobacter pylori positive resistant duodenal ulcers treated with colloidal bismuth subcitrate plus antibiotics or sucralfate alone.
Authors: G Bianchi Porro, F Parente, M Lazzaroni
Journal: Gut (1993)

Thirty two patients with Helicobacter pylori positive duodenal ulcers resistant to treatment were randomly assigned to 4 weeks9 treatment with sucralphate 4 g/day or colloidal bismuth subcitrate 480 mg/day plus amoxycillin from days 1 to 7 and tinidazole from days 8 to 14. After 4 weeks, patients with unhealed ulcers were crossed over to the other form of treatment for a further 4 week period. Patients with healed ulcers were followed up for 1 year without maintenance therapy with clinical and endoscopic investigations 3, 6, and 12 months after healing. Complete healing rates at 4 weeks were 88% (15 of 17) in the colloidal bismuth subcitrate plus antibiotics group and 40% (six of 15) in the sucralphate group (p &lt; 0.05). After cross over, overall healing rates were 88% (22 of 25) and 47% (eight of 17), respectively (p &lt; 0.05). H pylori eradication occurred in 83% of patients treated with the triple therapy. Cumulative relapse rates at 12 months were 12% (two of 17) in patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated and 100% (10 of 10) in those with persistent infection after short term therapy (p &lt; 0.05). These results show that a colloidal bismuth subcitrate plus antibiotics regimen is highly effective in the short term treatment of resistant duodenal ulcers and that H pylori eradication can change the natural tendency to early recurrence of these ulcers.
Allergy in Children
Authors: J. C. Haworth
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Allergic phenomena are seen by physicians in most specialties and perhaps most of all by those who care for children. There are said to be about 200 pediatric allergists in North America, where the specialty of allergy seems to flourish more than in other parts of the world. There is, thus, an undoubted need for a text on allergy in children. This one is written for the practicing physician who, the authors believe, needs access to information concisely presented, with a minimum of discussion of conflicting or controversial opinions. It will remain to be seen how useful the practicing physician will find the book. He will certainly find much to interest him, especially the chapters on asthma and on pollen, fungal, and insect allergies. The physician who is interested in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reactions may be disappointed by the opening chapters where the different types of allergic phenomena are
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ON THE SKIN*
Authors: R. E. O. WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ON THE SKIN Get access R. E. O. WILLIAMS R. E. O. WILLIAMS Bacteriology Department, Wright‐Fleming Institute, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, W.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s1, 1 January 1969, Pages 33–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12831.x Published: 01 January 1969
The hyperventilation of cirrhosis: Progesterone and estradiol effects
Authors: Stewart J. Lustik, Ashwani K. Chhibber, Jeff W. Kolano, Ibtesam A. Hilmi, Lindsey C. Henson, Michael C. Morris, Oscar Bronsther
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Progesterone and estradiol are metabolized in the liver and are elevated in patients with cirrhosis. Progesterone stimulates ventilation by activating progesterone receptors in the central nervous system; estradiol may facilitate progesterone's actions by increasing progesterone receptors. This study evaluated whether progesterone and estradiol contribute to the respiratory alkalosis common in cirrhotic patients. Arterial blood gases and progesterone and estradiol levels were obtained in 50 patients with cirrhosis. Multiple linear regression revealed a statistically significant correlation between PaCO2 and progesterone and estradiol (r = .54, P < .05). Patients with severe hyperventilation (PaCO2 < or = 30 mm Hg) had statistically higher levels of progesterone and estradiol than did patients with mild hyperventilation (30 < PaCO2 < or = 35) or normal ventilation (PaCO2 > 35) (P < .05). Although the progesterone levels were two orders of magnitude lower than those associated with hyperventilation in pregnant patients, the increased ventilatory effect may be because of the altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) present in cirrhotic patients. Progesterone and estradiol appear to contribute to the hyperventilation in cirrhotic patients.