tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey. Physical fitness related to blood pressure but not lipoproteins.
Authors: T Dwyer, L E Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that levels of conventional coronary heart disease risk factors in children are related to the premature development of atheroma. It is therefore important to determine how risk factors might be modified on a population scale in children. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1985, the Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey was conducted on a representative sample of Australian schoolchildren aged 7 to 15 years. In children aged 9, 12, and 15, data on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were obtained along with measurements of blood pressure, fitness, and body fatness. From an original sample of 2400 in these three age categories 1919 underwent the full set of measurements. Univariate analysis of these data revealed a strong association between body fatness and plasma lipids. There was no significant association between fitness (measured as physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute per kilogram of lean body mass) and plasma lipids, but a significant negative association was found for fitness and systolic blood pressure (r = -.12, P &lt; .001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the association of fitness with systolic blood pressure was only partly accounted for by the confounding effect of lower body fatness in fitter children. CONCLUSIONS These data collected on a representative sample of children under standardized conditions confirm a previous finding of a link between fitness and blood pressure in schoolchildren and also support a growing consensus that fitness is only weakly linked to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in children and adolescents.
Loeffler's Syndrome
Authors: David E. Dines
Journal: JAMA (1965)

LOEFFLER'S SYNDROME is characterized by migrating lung infiltrates and by eosinophilia. 1 The diagnosis is based on the radiographic picture and the presence of eosinophilia. The pulmonary infiltration may be unilateral or bilateral and may be located in any part of the lung. The percentage of eosinophils in the blood may range from 10% to 80%. The cause is unknown, but the disorder most likely is an allergic reaction in the lung to a foreign antigen. The course is usually benign.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 34-year-old farm wife was referred to this clinic because of unexplained fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain of three weeks' duration. Before the present illness she had been perfectly well. She was hospitalized elsewhere and treated with antibiotics for pneumonia of the left upper lobe. Ten days after the onset of the illness, the infiltrative process that had been present had progressed
Concentration dependence of active potassium transport in the human red blood cell in the presence of inhibitors
Authors: John R. Sachs, Louis G. Welt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The active potassium influx in the human red blood cell is inhibited by strophanthidin, ethacrynic acid, and MK-870 (a new diuretic), and the degree of inhibition is greater at low concentrations of extracellular potassium than at high. In the case of ethacrynic acid, potassium appears to diminish the rate of combination of the drug with the transport system. The kinetic behavior of the active potassium influx in the presence of the inhibitors strophanthidin and ethacrynic acid is consistent with a model in which the binding of potassium at one of the potassium-sensitive sites in the transport system reduces the affinity of the system for the drug, and binding of a second potassium ion further reduces the affinity. It is not possible to distinguish between the sites on the basis of the studies presented here.
Vulval cicatricial pemphigoid may mimic lichen sclerosus
Authors: P. MARREN, V. WALKDEN, E. MALLON, F. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report two patients with vulval signs suggestive of lichen sclerosus. This diagnosis was never substantiated histologically and microscopic appearances were non-specific. In both cases the development of lesions at other cutaneous and mucosal sites alerted us to the possibility that the autoimmune bullous disease, cicatricial pemphigoid, accounted for the entire clinical picture. Lichen sclerosus and cicatricial pemphigoid are distinctive conditions which clinically are usually readily differentiated on cutaneous surfaces. When the site of presentation is on the vulva the clinical picture may become obscure and this can lead to diagnostic confusion. It is important to establish the correct diagnosis as this predicts the clinical course and prognosis in each case.
Bone Marrow Is a Major Reservoir and Site of Recruitment for Central Memory CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Irina B. Mazo, Marek Honczarenko, Harry Leung, Lois L. Cavanagh, Roberto Bonasio, Wolfgang Weninger, Katharina Engelke, Lijun Xia, Rodger P. McEver, Pandelakis A. Koni, Leslie E. Silberstein, Ulrich H. von Andrian
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Pronator Syndrome
Authors: Harvey P. Kopell, Walter A. L. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE pronator syndrome1 has been described as a compression neuropathy of the median nerve as it passes through the muscles of the proximal forearm. It may be acute, chronic or recurrent. The manifestations occur peripheral to the pressure point. Sensory or motor components may be involved in a variable fashion. The neuropathy is attributed to abnormal pressure on the nerve as it passes through or under the pronator teres. This pressure has generally been ascribed to hypertrophy of the muscle, although cases of abnormal fibrous bands have been noted.2 The clinical picture may be confused with that produced by a . . .
Minocycline in the Treatment of Venereal Disease
Authors: Joseph E. Velasco
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Minocycline, an improved tetracycline antibiotic, was used to treat 26 cases of venereal disease, including 4 cases of primary syphilis, 5 cases of secondary syphilis, 5 cases of lymphogranuloma venereum, 6 cases of granuloma inguinale, and 6 cases of chancroid. Most patients were hospitalized to facilitate diagnosis and insure observation. An oral loading dose of 200 mg of minocycline, followed by 100 mg twice daily for 15 days, was the treatment for all cases of syphilis. In the other diseases, medication was continued until the ulcers and buboes healed. Median healing times were 15 days for lymphogranuloma venereum, 16 days for chancroid, and 21 days for granuloma inguinale. All symptoms cleared with therapy and all patients with syphilis showed satisfactory responses to serological tests during follow-up for as long as one year. The drug was well tolerated and no major unpleasant side effects were noted.
Patterns and Intensity of Medical Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: William B. Borden
Journal: JAMA (2011)

The Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) study, which provided optimal medical therapy (OMT) to all patients and demonstrated no incremental advantage of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on outcomes other than angina-related quality of life in stable coronary artery disease (CAD), suggests that a trial of OMT is warranted before PCI. It is unknown to what degree OMT is applied before PCI in routine practice or whether its use increased after the COURAGE trial.To examine the use of OMT in patients with stable angina undergoing PCI before and after the publication of the COURAGE trial.An observational study of patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry between September 1, 2005, and June 30, 2009. Analysis compared use of OMT, both before PCI and at the time of discharge, before and after the publication of the COURAGE trial. Optimal medical therapy was defined as either being prescribed or having a documented contraindication to all medicines (antiplatelet agent, β-blocker, and statin).Rates of OMT before PCI and at discharge (following PCI) between the 2 study periods.Among all 467,211 patients (173,416 before [37.1%] and 293,795 after [62.9%] the COURAGE trial) meeting study criteria, OMT was used in 206,569 patients (44.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 44.1%-44.4%) before PCI and in 303,864 patients (65.0%; 95% CI, 64.9%-65.2%) at discharge following PCI (P < .001). Before PCI, OMT was applied in 75,381 patients (43.5%; 95% CI, 43.2%-43.7%) before the COURAGE trial and in 131,188 patients (44.7%; 95% CI, 44.5%-44.8%) after the COURAGE trial (P < .001). The use of OMT at discharge following PCI before and after the COURAGE trial was 63.5% (95% CI, 63.3%-63.7%) and 66.0% (95% CI, 65.8%-66.1%), respectively (P < .001).Among patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI, less than half were receiving OMT before PCI and approximately two-thirds were receiving OMT at discharge following PCI, with relatively little change in these practice patterns after publication of the COURAGE trial.
Combination Vasodilator Therapy for Severe Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: KANU CHATTERJEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A patient with severe, chronic congestive heart failure was unresponsive not only to conventional therapy, but also to nonparenteral nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate; he became nitroprusside dependent. Oral minoxidil therapy produced a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output, with no tachycardia, hypotension, or decrease in systemic and pulmonary venous pressures. The addition of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate decreased venous pressures and produced a further increase in cardiac output. The combination of oral minoxidil and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate maintained clinical and hemodynamic improvements, and the patient could be weaned off nitroprusside. Deterioration in hemodynamics occurred with the withdrawal of minoxidil. Therapy with oral hydralazine produced hemodynamic effects comparable to those of oral minoxidil. These observations suggest that chronic reduction of impedance to left ventricular ejection with minoxidil or hydralazine is possible in patients with severe intractable heart failure and deserves further clinical trial.
Angiography in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: John R. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Pulmonary angiography has been performed in the study of 50 patients with suspected pulmonary emboli. The roentgenographic findings in acute and chronic embolism, both massive occlusions within the main pulmonary arteries and lesser peripheral obstructions, have been observed. Not only may the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism be made, but the extent and location of emboli are apparent. Angiographic signs of partial vessel patency are noted and the complete process of organization of the embolus is described. These factors are most important when surgical intervention is anticipated.
Long ischaemic stricture of the interposed colon.
Authors: J K Pye, J Wong
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A case is reported of a long segment stricture in a colonic oesophageal replacement with radiographic evidence to support the diagnosis of ischaemia. Ischaemia of the substitute organ following oesophageal resection is a well recognised, serious complication that usually results in anastomotic leakage. If the anastomosis heals primarily, late manifestations of ischaemia are rare.
Comparison of blood or urine testing by patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes: patient survey after randomised crossover trial
Authors: P. Miles, J. Everett, J. Murphy, D. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To assess the role of polymerase chain reaction in defining infectiousness among people infected with hepatitis C virus.Design: Published studies of hepatitis C transmission were examined.Twenty nine studies with identified sources of hepatitis C infection who were tested for presence of hepatitis C RNA by polymerase chain reaction were reviewed, including studies of vertical transmission (n = 21), transmission after transplantation (n = 3), transfusion of blood components (n = 3), and needlestick exposure (n = 2).Subjects: All patients identified in studies.Results: A total of 2022 people who had been exposed to sources positive for antibody to hepatitis C were identified.Among 1148 people exposed to sources positive by polymerase chain reaction 148 cases of transmission occurred compared with no definite case among 874 people exposed to negative sources.Rates of transmission from positive sources were 6.2% for perinatal exposure, 6.1% after needlestick exposure, 78% after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, and 83% after transfusion of blood components.Other factors influencing risk of vertical transmission were coinfection with HIV and level of hepatitis C viraemia.Conclusions: Negative results by polymerase chain reaction indicate an extremely low probability of transmission of hepatitis C from a person with antibody to hepatitis C.
"THE VALUE OF THE WASSERMANN REACTION"
Authors: Charles Norris
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —Referring to the article  Value of the Wassermann Reaction: A Reply, by Drs. Larkin, Levy and Fordyce (The Journal, June 1, 1918), may I ask the courtesy of a few lines of space; although Dr. Symmers needs no protector, the responsibility for publishing Dr. Symmers' article which they criticize being entirely mine. At a future date Dr. Symmers will answer the points which the authors criticize.  The article by Dr. Symmers was read and approved by me as director of laboratories of Bellevue Hospital at that time. Dr. Symmers had nothing to do with the performance of the Wassermann reactions. The methods employed in the pathologic department of Bellevue Hospital are well known, as a description was published by Dr. Cyrus W. Field, and they thus became public property. I might add that Dr. Field and myself were members of the committee appointed by Dr. Haven
Racial Equity in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Robert S. Gaston
Journal: JAMA (1993)

KIDNEY transplantation from either a living related or cadaveric donor is optimal treatment for most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).<sup>1</sup>However, due to a critical shortage of organ donors, while more than 23 000 Americans await a suitable cadaveric kidney, fewer than 8000 receive transplants each year.<sup>2,3</sup>Approximately one third of ESRD patients in this country are African American (black), a proportion threefold greater than the representation of this racial group in the general population (12%).<sup>1</sup>Recently, the Inspector General reported that blacks are less likely than whites to receive a transplant, with almost double the waiting time.<sup>4</sup>Currently, cadaveric kidneys are allocated according to a federally mandated system based on quality of HLA matching. This policy is based on evidence that antigenic similarity between donor and recipient may enhance cadaveric graft survival and should be the primary factor influencing distribution.<sup>5</sup>Gjertson and colleagues
The First Nationwide Survey of Asthma Prevalence in Japan using ISAAC and ECRHS questionnaire
Authors: A. Akasawa, M. Akashi, A. Aota, A. Saito, N. Kojima, M. Futamura, Y. Ohya, Y. Adachi, H. Odajima, K. Takahashi, T. Nakagawa, K. Akiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Abstract 401: Inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses the expression of CXCL10 and hence leads to the poor outcome of Stage III malignant melanoma
Authors: Keiji Tanese, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Elizabeth Grimm
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and exhibits extremely aggressive growth characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that melanoma is heterogeneous in response to therapies as well as etiology, survival with advanced disease, and tumor mutational status. Our previous studies showed that the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in melanoma tumor cells strongly correlate with poor patient survival. We are hypothesizing that iNOS is a key molecule in melanoma signature comprising an inflammatory microenviroment of poor outcome. To gain further insight into the nature of the melanoma inflammatory microenvironment, PCR array related to inflammatory and autoimmunity gene was done on a series of Stage 3 melanoma lymph node metastases samples to compare the gene expression level directly between iNOS-positive and -negative tumor samples. As a result, we found the significant correlation between iNOS expression and suppression of CXC Chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in mRNA and protein levels. In the set of 16 cases of Stage3 melanoma samples, high CXCL10 expressing group showed the favorable prognosis compared to low CXCL10 expressing group. In the further in vitro analysis, we found that nitric oxide (NO) provided by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-l,l-penicillamine suppresses the expression of CXCL10 in iNOS negative and CXCL10 positive melanoma cell. Quenching the NO with NO scavenger, 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide in iNOS positive and CXCL10 negative cell lines induces the expression of CXCL10. CXCL10 is reported to play the role in the recruitment of cytotoxic immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, and NK cells into the tumor microenvironment. CXCL10 also has a function of antagonizing the activities of angiogenic factors such as bFGF and IL-8 and it is considered as an anti-tumorigenic protein. Our study suggests that production of NO by iNOS inhibits the expression of CXCL10 in melanoma and comprises the pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of NO may have a possibility to render the tumor microenvironment to anti-tumorigenic status. Therefore, iNOS will be a good target in the treatment of melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 401. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-401
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> enterotoxin‐specific IgE is associated with asthma in the general population: a <scp>GA</scp><sup>2</sup><scp>LEN</scp> study
Authors: P. Tomassen, D. Jarvis, R. Newson, R. Van Ree, B. Forsberg, P. Howarth, C. Janson, M. L. Kowalski, U. Krämer, P. M. Matricardi, R. J. M. Middelveld, A. Todo‐Bom, E. Toskala, T. Thilsing, G. Brożek, C. Van Drunen, P. Burney, C. Bachert
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Specific IgE to S taphylococcus aureus enterotoxins ( SE ‐IgE) has been associated with asthma. In the general population, we aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for serum SE ‐IgE and to examine the association with asthma. Methods A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of adults in 19 centers across E urope. A random sample of respondents was invited for clinical examination upon which they answered a questionnaire, underwent skin prick tests ( SPT s) for common aeroallergens, and provided blood for measurement of total IgE and SE ‐IgE. Risks were analyzed within centers using weighted logistic regression, and overall estimates calculated using fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. Results 2908 subjects were included in this analysis. Prevalence of positive SE ‐IgE was 29.3%; no significant geographic variation was observed. In contrast to positive skin prick tests, SE ‐IgE was more common in smokers (&lt;15 pack‐year: OR 1.11, P = 0.079, ≥15 pack‐year: OR 1.70, P &lt; 0.001), and prevalence did not decrease in older age‐groups or in those with many siblings. Total IgE concentrations were higher in those with positive SE ‐IgE than in those with positive SPT . SE ‐IgE was associated with asthma ( OR 2.10, 95% confidence interval [1.60–2.76], P = 0.001) in a concentration‐dependent manner. This effect was independent of SPT result and homogeneous across all centers. Conclusions We report for the first time that SE ‐IgE is common in the general population throughout Europe and that its risk factors differ from those of IgE against aeroallergens. This is the first study to show that SE ‐IgE is significantly and independently associated with asthma in the general population.
Empyema in a patient treated with infliximab: it is not what it seems
Authors: A Bossink
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

hydrocephalus (fig 1).Because of the hydrocephalus, it was neurologically advisable not to perform a cerebrospinal fluid puncture.There was no indication of tuberculosis (chest x ray examination, tuberculin test, sputum culture) or any other infection.The neoplasia investigation was also negative.An anamnestic investigation showed that there was no need to use ibuprofen or sulindac.When the situation became life threatening we initiated immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day), as well as intravenous steroids (100 mg) initially.The initial intravenous cortisone treatment relieved the headache symptoms.Follow up examinations for up to 1 year (every 3 months) showed remission of clinical and MRI findings with this treatment (fig 2).Stable partial remission occurred after 8 months, and oral administration of cyclophosphamide was stopped.Treatment to preserve remission was changed to azathioprine (100 mg).The prednisone dose was finally reduced to 5 mg.
A conversation with David Nathan
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

David Nathan, professor at Harvard Medical School and President Emeritus of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, is a renowned hematologist with contributions to the clinical treatments of β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and chronic granulomatous disease. Nathan (Figure ​(Figure1)1) also contributed to the development of the first prenatal test for hematological disorders. He’s known as the consummate clinical investigator, mentor, and a great wit. In the full interview, available at http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm, you can hear his stories about tedious Victorian poets, success in mentoring trainees, and aspiring to write like Atul Gawande.
Nature and function of gastrointestinal antigen‐presenting cells
Authors: Per Brandtzaeg
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the human gut are heterogeneous, including both macrophages, a variety of dendritic cells and B cells. They are found both in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and in the mucosal lamina propria, especially beneath the surface epithelium. APCs have diverse phenotypes and therefore probably different functions in various locations; their expression levels of a variety of costimulatory molecules are most likely important for immunological decision making of stimulated T cells, either locally in the gut or in regional lymph nodes to which migrating APCs (dendritic cells) carry antigen. Thus, APCs are involved in active immunity as well as in induction of oral tolerance. However, their precise role in food allergy remains to be defined.
Plasma Pempidine Concentrations in Hypertensives
Authors: C. T. Dollery, D. Emslie-Smith, D. F. Muggleton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Pempidine (1: 2: 2: 6: 6-pentamethylpiperidine) is a fully saturated heterocyclic tertiary amine with a powerful blocking action on autonomic ganglia.It has the following formula: CH3 CH3