tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus cell-cell transmission in hepatoma cells in the presence of neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Jennifer M. Timpe, Zania Stamataki, Adam Jennings, Ke Hu, Michelle J. Farquhar, Helen J. Harris, Anne Schwarz, Isabelle Desombere, Geert Leroux Roels, Peter Balfe, Jane A. McKeating
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells results in focal areas of infection where transmission is potentiated by cell-cell contact. To define route(s) of transmission, HCV was allowed to infect hepatoma cells in the presence or absence of antibodies that neutralize cell-free virus infectivity. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) reduced cell-free virus infectivity by &gt;95% and had minimal effect(s) on the frequency of infected cells in the culture. To assess whether cell-cell transfer of viral infectivity occurs, HCV-infected cells were cocultured with fluorescently labeled naïve cells in the presence or absence of nAbs. Enumeration by flow cytometry demonstrated cell-cell transfer of infectivity in the presence or absence of nAbs and immunoglobulins from HCV+ patients. The host cell molecule CD81 and the tight junction protein Claudin 1 (CLDN1) are critical factors defining HCV entry. Soluble CD81 and anti-CD81 abrogated cell-free infection of Huh-7.5 and partially inhibited cell-cell transfer of infection. CD81-negative HepG2 hepatoma cells were resistant to cell-free virus infection but became infected after coculturing with JFH-infected cells in the presence of nAb, confirming that CD81-independent routes of cell-cell transmission exist. Further experiments with 293T and 293T-CLDN1 targets suggested that cell-cell transmission is dependent on CLDN1 expression. Conclusion: These data suggest that HCV can transmit in vitro by at least two routes, cell-free virus infection and direct transfer between cells, with the latter offering a novel route for evading nAbs. (Hepatology 2007.)
Effect of different seated positions on lung volume and oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: J. Dellamonica, N. Lerolle, C. Sargentini, S. Hubert, G. Beduneau, F. Di Marco, A. Mercat, J. L. Diehl, J. C. M. Richard, G. Bernardin, L. Brochard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
JD induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Max A. Cayo, Jun Cai, Ann DeLaForest, Fallon K. Noto, Masato Nagaoka, Brian S. Clark, Ross F. Collery, Karim Si-Tayeb, Stephen A. Duncan
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma are a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 95 loci that associate with control of lipid/cholesterol metabolism. Although GWAS results are highly provocative, direct analyses of the contribution of specific allelic variations in regulating LDL-C has been challenging due to the difficulty in accessing appropriate cells from affected patients. The primary cell type responsible for controlling cholesterol and lipid flux is the hepatocyte. Recently, we have shown that cells with hepatocyte characteristics can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This finding raises the possibility of using patient-specific iPSC-derived hepatocytes to study the functional contribution of GWAS loci in regulating lipid metabolism. To test the validity of this approach, we produced iPSCs from JD a patient with mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene that result in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We demonstrate that (1) hepatocytes can be efficiently generated from FH iPSCs; (2) in contrast to control cells, FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes are deficient in LDL-C uptake; (3) control but not FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes increase LDL uptake in response to lovastatin; and (4) FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes display a marked elevation in secretion of lipidated apolipoprotein B-100.Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes recapitulate the complex pathophysiology of FH in culture. These results also establish that patient-specific iPSC-derived hepatocytes could be used to definitively determine the functional contribution of allelic variation in regulating lipid and cholesterol metabolism and could potentially provide a platform for the identification of novel treatments of cardiovascular disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2012).
Pathophysiology of Hereditary Emphysema
Authors: PAUL M. STEVENS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Patients with decreased serum alpha1-antitrypsin were designated as severely deficient (7% to 15% of normal) or intermediately deficient (30% to 65% of normal) by quantitative radial immunodiffusion. All severely deficient patients were symptomatic and had severe emphysema. Among intermediately deficient patients emphysema was clinically evident only after age 50. Younger subjects had significant loss of lung elastic recoil and hyperinflation without expiratory flow obstruction. Older patients with an intermediate deficiency had abnormalities that were radiographically and physiologically identical to those of younger severely deficient patients. Postmortem examination of the lung of two patients with severe deficiency and one patient with intermediate deficiency showed extensive panlobular emphysema of the lower two thirds of the lungs, with relative sparing of the upper third. It is concluded that patients with intermediate alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency may develop emphysema identical to that found in severely deficient patients but at an older age.
Hard-to-Reach Families in a Comprehensive Care Program
Authors: Martin K. White
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A comprehensive pediatric care program was offered to a sample of urban poor families, with special attention being paid those families who had indicated that they would be "hard to reach" or who had a specific social problem. The majority of families approached readily accepted this offer of medical care. With considerable further effort 75% of the hard-to-reach families could be brought into the program. The presence of a specific social problem, illegitimacy, while not precluding a family's being enrolled, did decrease participation and require more effort. Residential mobility and family disorganization were the major handicaps encountered. Race, mother's education, and children's age also influenced the outcome. These efforts, while rewarding, entailed considerable time and expense; whether this is worthwhile depends on the demonstration of actual benefits of comprehensive care to the families.
Comparison of Ultrahigh- and Standard-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging Macular Pathology
Authors: Tony H. Ko, James G. Fujimoto, Joel S. Schuman, Lelia A. Paunescu, Andrew M. Kowalevicz, Ingmar Hartl, Wolfgang Drexler, Gadi Wollstein, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Jay S. Duker
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Apixaban reduced recurrence and did not increase major bleeding in previously treated VTE
Authors: Stephan Moll
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club16 April 2013Apixaban reduced recurrence and did not increase major bleeding in previously treated VTEStephan Moll, MDStephan Moll, MDUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAgnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, et al; AMPLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013;36:699-708. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23216615Clinical Impact RatingsHematology: References1 EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2499-510. [PMID: 21128814] Google Scholar2 Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al; American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed. American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e419S-94S. [PMID: 22315268] Google Scholar3 Information on average wholesale price from wholesaler AmersourceBergan at https://passport.amerisourcebergen.com/irj/portal (accessed 28 Jan 2013); information on patient charges obtained by calling 3 national pharmacy chains (CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 April 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 8Page: JC2KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyAnticoagulantsDeep vein thrombosisHemorrhageProphylaxisPulmonary embolismSafetyVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 16 April 2013 Issue Published: 16 April 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A STUDY OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN SEBORRHOEIC WARTS
Authors: MOHAMED M. MOLOKHIA, BENJAMIN PORTNOY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

SUMMARY.— Langerhans cells and melanocytes were investigated in 65 cases of seborrhoeic warts using ATPase activity and dopa reaction respectively. Dopa positive melanocytes were found in almost all the specimens. They were not related in any way to the ATPase positive dendritic cells, which were present in only 27 cases. ATPase positive cells were accumulated near the surface and around the keratin cysts found inside basaloid-type lesions. Their presence was associated with remarkable lack of parakeratosis. It is suggested that these cells may be actively concerned in the maturation of seborrhoeic warts.
Emerging technologies in the delivery of erythropoietin for therapeutics
Authors: Ainhoa Murua, Gorka Orive, Rosa Ma Hernández, José Luis Pedraz
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Deciphering the function of proteins and their roles in signaling pathways is one of the main goals of biomedical research, especially from the perspective of uncovering pathways that may ultimately be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Over the last half century, a greatly expanded understanding of the biology of the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (Epo) has emerged from regulator of the circulating erythrocyte mass to a widely used therapeutic agent. Originally viewed as the renal hormone responsible for erythropoiesis, recent in vivo studies in animal models and clinical trials demonstrate that many other tissues locally produce Epo independent of its effects on red blood cell mass. Thus, not only its hematopoietic activity but also the recently discovered nonerythropoietic actions in addition to new drug delivery systems are being thoroughly investigated in order to fulfill the specific Epo release requirements for each therapeutic approach. The present review focuses on updating the information previously provided by similar reviews and recent experimental approaches are presented to describe the advances in Epo drug delivery achieved in the last few years and future perspectives. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 31, No. 2, 284–309, 2011
Convulsions and Television Viewing
Authors: S. N. Pantelakis, B. D. Bower, H. D. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1962)

volume-marking for the % marking or vice versa, or reading the acid meniscus instead of the mercury; and(4) taking the % CO2 as being the Pco2 without multiplication by (barometric pressure-47).Summary Factors affecting the two-stage equilibration rebreath- ing procedure for the measurement of mixed venous Pco2 are discussed.The most important practical conclusion is that the volume of gas in the bag should not be more than twice the tidal volume; but the exact ratio is not critical.Suitable equipment is described.Practical problems and variations in technique are described in detail.We are grateful to the many people who have told us of their experience and difficulties, and particularly to those who have suggested modifications and improvements.Dr.A. S. E. Fowle helped with the experiment shown in Fig. 1.
Leiomyoma of the Trachea
Authors: J. S. Sanders, V. M. Carnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH benign tracheal neoplasms are uncommon, they are remediable and are therefore important. The case reported below concerns a leiomyoma of the trachea. We could find only 7 cases in a brief review of the world literature.1 2 3 4 5 6 Case ReportA 42-year-old Negro housewife was admitted to the University of Missouri Medical Center on July 11, 1959, because of severe dyspnea and wheezing. There was a history of "high blood pressure" 13 years previously but no other history of cardiovascular disease. She stated that she had had pneumonia "every year" for 7 years. Despite this, she had been active and in . . .
Plasma high density lipoproteins. Metabolism and relationship to atherogenesis.
Authors: A R Tall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Introduction'Plasma HDL are small, dense, spherical lipid-protein com- plexes.They consist of -50% lipid and 50% protein.The major lipids are phospholipid (PL),2 cholesterol (C), choles- teryl esters (CE), and triglycerides (TG).The major proteins are apo A-I (Mr 28,000) and apo A-II (Mr 17,000).There are also a variety of minor but metabolically important apopro- teins in HDL called apo E and apo C (C-I, C-II, and C-Ill).HDL are heterogeneous and can be classified into larger, less dense HDL2 or smaller, denser HDL3.Although the major proportion of HDL is normally present in HDL3, individual variability in HDL levels in human populations usually re- flects different amounts of HDL2- A major known function of HDL is to act as a receptacle for excess PL and C, derived from cells or as by-products of lipolysis.These lipids are normally recycled from HDL to the liver in a process called reverse C transport (Fig. 1).This in- volves a direct pathway where C is transferred into HDL, then taken up by the liver, and also an indirect pathway, involving transfer of CE from HDL to VLDL, followed by uptake of VLDL in liver, or conversion of VLDL to LDL, and uptake of LDL by the liver.Another important function ofHDL is to act as a reservoir for apo E and C proteins.These proteins transfer onto TG-rich lipoproteins (e.g., during alimentary lipemia), providing a signal for the activation of lipolysis (the enzyme lipoprotein lipase [LPL] is activated by apo C-II) or targeting information that allows uptake of lipolyzed remnant lipoproteins by liver receptors (apo E is attracted to chylomicron or VLDL remnants and acts as a ligand for uptake of these parti- cles by liver receptors).
OBESITY, SLEEP APNEA, LV REMODELING AND MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS ASSESSED WITH CARDIAC MRI
Authors: Payman Zamani, Scott Akers, Prithvi Shiva Kumar, Deepa Rawat, Shivapriya Peddireddy, Sanjal Desai, Rahul Chandrashekar, Chandra Hasa Sharabu, Prasad Konda, Ali Javaheri, Julio Chirinos Medina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
EMERGENCY MEDICAL CALL SERVICES
Authors: Louis A. Buie
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> During the meeting of the American Medical Association in June, 1951, the House of Delegates adopted a resolution which requested all national specialty boards to facilitate general participation of specialists in emergency medical call services. These boards were asked to assure diplomates and potential diplomates that participation in such a community activity would not jeopardize specialty ratings. This resolution was adopted in response to a report of the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association and was approved by the Advisory Board for Medical Specialties on Feb. 10, 1952. The American Board of Proctology approves of this plan and wishes all of its diplomates and potential diplomates to know that their "specialty ratings" will not be jeopardized by participation in this worthy community activity.
LYMPHATICS OF THE SKIN
Authors: M. J. Tobias
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  My attention has been called to your editorial Lymphatics of the Skin, which appeared inThe Journal, May 19. In this article you say: While this superficial lymphatic plexus has been described before by anatomists, it was supposed to represent local areas, each acting independently. With the technic mentioned, the wide connections of these anastomosing plexuses were observed for the first time  (italics mine). This statement, I regret to say, does not agree with recorded facts. Prof. H. Rouviere in his work Anatomie des lymyhatiques de l'homme states (p. 4) that it was Mascagni (Vasorum lymphaticorum corporis humani, p. 75 and pl. IV) who first established the connection between the superficial and deep lymphatics. In Rouviere's description of the lymphatics one also reads (p. 1, line 22): Quand une reseau est tres riche, les vaisseau qui le forment peuvent etre disposes sur plusieurs plans. Dans ce cas,
Benefits and risks of abciximab use in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: The cadillac trial
Authors: David E. Kandzari, James E. Tcheng, Cindy L. Grines, Mark Effron, David A. Fox, Eulogio Garcia, John J. Griffin, Giulio Guagliumi, Thomas D. Stuckey, Mark Turco, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Environmental injustice and the Mississippi hog industry.
Authors: Sacoby M Wilson, Frank Howell, Steve Wing, Mark Sobsey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The recent growth and restructuring of the swine industry in the state of Mississippi has raised various environmental and socioeconomic concerns. We spatially examined the location and attributes of 67 industrial hog operations to determine if African American and low-income communities have a high prevalence of industrial hog operations located near their neighborhoods at the census block group level. We used spatial data and cross-classification analysis to compare the prevalence of industrial hog operations in neighborhoods that are primarily African American and low income with the prevalence in neighborhoods that are African American and affluent. We also used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between the environmental justice variables and the location of the industrial hog operations. The block group characterization showed a high prevalence of hog operations in the four highest quintiles compared with the lowest quintile for percentage African American and percentage poverty. At increasing levels of percentage African Americans and percentage of persons in poverty, there are 2.4-3.6 times more operations compared with the referent group; additionally, scale adjustment to only the hog counties reduces this to 1.8-3.1 more operations compared with the referent group. The inequitable distribution of hog-confined agricultural feeding operations in these communities may have adverse environmental impacts associated with industrial hog production, such as increased health risks and quality of life degradation, as have occurred in other areas having similar facilities.
The Physician's Role in Management of Victims of Sex Offenders
Authors: Seymour L. Halleck
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Most victims of sex offenses are not seen by psychiatrists, and the only medical treatment they receive is administered by the family physician. Victims of sex offenders may be adult women or male or female children. Sexual molestation invariably produces disruptions in psychological equilibrium. While many victims are able to resume normal patterns of life without difficulty, others develop symptoms which may be extremely distressing and tenacious. The alert physician through careful history-taking and examination can identify those people who are likely to require additional care. He then has the opportunity to treat these people himself or to make appropriate referrals to psychiatrists or community agencies. The willingness of the physician to deal directly with these problems can lead to significant benefits to the patient.
Congenital toxoplasmosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: some epidemiological problems.
Authors: S M Hall
Journal: BMJ (1983)

It has been suggested that congenital toxoplasmosis could be prevented by antenatal serological screening, followed by treatment or by termination of pregnancy if infection occurs. The only study of the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland took place more than 10 years ago. To obtain more recent figures laboratory reports of cases occurring from 1975 to 1980 were analysed. A total of 91 cases were reported over the six years. By criteria established to classify these infections only 34 were congenital, 20 were acquired postnatally, and 37 were unclassifiable. The mean annual number of cases of congenital toxoplasmosis was considerably smaller than that found in other recent studies. The condition could be underdiagnosed or rates of placental transmission could be lower in Britain than in other countries. Variation in reporting criteria of the laboratories made the data difficult to interpret. Improved diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis would not only clarify the epidemiology but would also help clinicians in management of suspected cases. Further antenatal surveys are necessary to assess the role of screening in the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Complications of Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Leo Lowbeer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with everything in the article of Helzlsouer et al entitled "Severe Metabolic Complications in a Cross-Country Runner With Sickle Cell Trait" (1983;249:777) except the last sentence in the "Comment" section, which I consider not nearly strong enough, stating that "persons who have demonstrated problems after exertion, as our patient did on two separate occasions, should limit these activities." "Persons" are, of course, in the context of the article, blacks with sickle cell trait. In the first place, all blacks should be informed whether they have either homozygous or heterozygous hemoglobin S blood, the latter presenting sickle cell trait (about 8% of the population, or 2 1/2 million persons in the United States). Such knowledge is obtainable through<i>adequate</i>mass screening, to which many blacks are opposed for reasons that are not valid. As has been correctly pointed out in the article, the overall mortality of