tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pushback: The Current Wave of Anti-Homosexuality Laws and Impacts on Health
Authors: Chris Beyrer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

N The current period is one of rapid advances in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) rights in many countries, and of a wave of anti-gay laws and policies in others.N Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men bear disproportionate burdens of HIV risk and face stigma and discrimination in accessing needed health services.N The current wave of anti-gay laws and policies are likely to reduce access to health care, increase discrimination, and impact HIV research and programs.N Close coordination with communities at risk will be key to program success in challenging contexts.
Antismoking groups lobby against Lords report
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Antismoking groups have hit back at a report by the Economic Affairs Committee of the House of Lords, published last week ( BMJ 2006;332:1349, 10 Jun), which slated bans on smoking in public places as an “over-reaction to the scientific evidence on passive smoking.”

The committee, which was looking into threats to personal liberty and the management of risk, said that compared with the risks associated with passive smoking in the home those associated with smoking in public places was minor.

But the lobby group Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) described the report as …
Cellular Bioenergetics Is an Important Determinant of the Molecular Imaging Signal Derived From Luciferase and the Sodium-Iodide Symporter
Authors: Connie Chang, Angel Chan, Xiaoping Lin, Takahiro Higuchi, John Terrovitis, Junaid M. Afzal, Andrew Rittenbach, Dongdong Sun, Styliani Vakrou, Kirubel Woldemichael, Brian O’Rourke, Richard Wahl, Martin Pomper, Benjamin Tsui, M. Roselle Abraham
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Molecular imaging is useful for longitudinal assessment of engraftment. However, it is not known which factors, other than cell number, can influence the molecular imaging signal obtained from reporter genes.The effects of cell dissociation/suspension on cellular bioenergetics and the signal obtained by firefly luciferase and human sodium-iodide symporter labeling of cardiosphere-derived cells were investigated.(18)Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, ATP levels, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake, and bioluminescence were measured in vitro in adherent and suspended cardiosphere-derived cells. In vivo dual-isotope single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging or bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed 1 hour and 24 hours after cardiosphere-derived cell transplantation. Single-photon emission computed tomography quantification was performed using a phantom for signal calibration. Cell loss between 1 hour and 24 hours after transplantation was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ex vivo luciferase assay. Cell dissociation followed by suspension for 1 hour resulted in decreased glucose uptake, cellular ATP, (99m)Tc uptake, and BLI signal by 82%, 43%, 42%, and 44%, respectively, compared with adherent cells, in vitro. In vivo (99m)Tc uptake was significantly lower at 1 hour compared with 24 hours after cell transplantation in the noninfarct (P<0.001; n=3) and infarct (P<0.001; n=4) models, despite significant cell loss during this period. The in vivo BLI signal was significantly higher at 1 hour than at 24 hours (P<0.01), with the BLI signal being higher when cardiosphere-derived cells were suspended in glucose-containing medium compared with saline (PBS).Adhesion is an important determinant of cellular bioenergetics, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake, and BLI signal. BLI and sodium-iodide symporter imaging may be useful for in vivo optimization of bioenergetics in transplanted cells.
Vincent Van Gogh And Glaucoma
Authors: Oscar Wand
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While Maire does not mention the type of glaucoma that he thinks Van Gogh may have had, the reference to anisocoria (presumably one pupil is fixed and semidilated) and intermittent elevations in intraocular pressure suggest acute or subacute angle-closure glaucoma. While these conditions do indeed cause corneal epithelial edema which results in the perception of colored halos, an alternate and more plausible cause in Van Gogh's case would be nuclear sclerosis of the lens.<sup>1</sup>Further, there are some who speculate that Van Gogh was near sighted.<sup>2</sup>Were this the usual form of myopia associated with an increase in axial diameter, angle-closure glaucoma would be most unlikely. Maire suggests that Van Gogh sought the brightness of southern France for the symptomatic relief of glaucoma. Indeed, in subacute angle-closure glaucoma, eye symptoms may be vague and minimal, and an attack may be broken by pupillary constriction to
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: associated with prematurity and premature rupture of foetal membranes; possible increase in incidence.
Authors: A. P. Barabas
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Sugar Intolerance-Clayton et al.MEDIBCiL OURNAL stitutes have been used satisfactorily; the necessity for giving complete vitamin supplements is stressed.We thank the consulting physicians at the Hospital for Sick Children for permission to study patients under their care.It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the close collaboration of Mr.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences in Pharmacological Trials
Authors: Paul W. Jones, Kai M. Beeh, Kenneth R. Chapman, Marc Decramer, Donald A. Mahler, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MCID DeterminationMCIDs in COPDFactors Affecting Attainm...Using MCIDs to Assess Cli...Future DirectionsConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome Revisited
Authors: Robert L. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In her Commentary entitled "The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome,"<sup>1</sup>Dr Stotland provides a valuable service to the medical profession and to the American people. My experiences as a family physician over the past 20 years certainly confirm her conclusion that this syndrome does not exist. I have seen dozens of women who were struggling to decide what to do about an unwanted pregnancy. Some of these women chose to continue the pregnancy and to keep the baby, some chose to continue the pregnancy and relinquish the baby for adoption, and others chose to terminate the pregnancy. My impression from following many of these women is that those who chose to terminate the pregnancy, in general, had better long-term psychological adjustment than those who elected to continue the pregnancy. I have been particularly concerned about long-term emotional distress and depression in some women who relinquished
The past is another country
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Recently I went to a conference at my old university. I was put in a college room that, a quarter of a century before, had belonged to a friend of mine. The room was as large and uncomfortable as I remembered it, and somewhat bleak without my friend's obligatory Che Guevara and Raquel Welch posters. Through the high monastic windows you could see the gothic roofs against a grey sky. An ensuite bathroom had been jammed awkwardly into …
One in eight black teenage girls in US is extremely obese, study shows
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The prevalence of extreme obesity in young people has reached 6.4%, a large study in southern California has found—nearly 1.5 times the percentage found in a roughly similar study a few years earlier.

The study analysed electronic medical records of 710 949 children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years who were enrolled in the large health maintenance organisation Kaiser Permanente Southern California ( Journal of Pediatrics doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.025). The children and teenagers had an average of 2.6 medical visits a year over the study period of 2007 and 2008. The study defined extreme …
Mechanism of double potentials recorded during sustained atrial flutter in the canine right atrial crush-injury model.
Authors: G K Feld, F Shahandeh-Rad
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND During atrial flutter, double potentials may be recorded at specific sites in the atria. It has been suggested that double potentials represent sequential activations at the center of the reentrant circuit. An alternative hypothesis is that double potentials represent electrical activity in an area of slow conduction. Understanding their mechanism is important because double potentials have been considered a possible indicator of target sites for catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS We systematically studied double potentials in our canine model of atrial flutter produced by right atrial crush injury using a 64-channel computerized mapping system with 56 electrodes on the right atrium in seven mongrel dogs under general anesthesia. Activation maps were recorded during sinus rhythm before and after crush injury, during rapid pacing above and below the crush injury, and during sustained atrial flutter, entrainment of atrial flutter, and termination of atrial flutter induced with D-sotalol (2 mg/kg). During sinus rhythm before crush injury, activation was uniform, and double potentials were not recorded in any dog. After crush injury, activation proceeded up to and around the crush injury, and narrowly split double potentials were recorded in two of seven dogs. During rapid pacing above and below the crush injury, double potentials were recorded in five dogs. During 14 episodes of atrial flutter (mean cycle length, 140 +/- 16 msec), double potentials were recorded at electrodes along the crush injury. The activation time of the early x component of the double potentials (25 +/- 13 msec) was similar to that of adjacent electrodes above the crush injury (24 +/- 11 msec), and the activation time of the late y component (89 +/- 13 msec) was similar to that of adjacent electrodes below the crush injury (91 +/- 14 msec). The timing of the x and y components was dependent on the location of the recording electrode, with x and y widely spaced at the end of the crush injury near the area of earliest atrial activation during atrial flutter, more equally timed at the center of the crush injury, and more closely timed at the end of the crush injury opposite the area of earliest activation. During transient entrainment, double potentials were accelerated to the pacing rate, but their activation time relative to adjacent electrodes was maintained. During abrupt termination of atrial flutter, the early x component of the double potential was always recorded, but the late y component was not, because of conduction block below the posterior end of the crush injury. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown in our canine model of atrial flutter that double potentials are recorded from the center of the reentrant circuit and that they represent sequential activations as the reentrant wave front passes on either side of the crush injury.
4q loss is potentially an important genetic event in MM tumorigenesis: identification of a tumor suppressor gene regulated by promoter methylation at 4q13.3, platelet factor 4
Authors: Suk Hang Cheng, Margaret H. L. Ng, Kin Mang Lau, Herman S. Y. Liu, Joyce C. W. Chan, Angela B. Y. Hui, Kwok Wai Lo, Hua Jiang, Jian Hou, Raymond W. Chu, Wai Shan Wong, Natalie P. H. Chan,, Ho Keung Ng
Journal: Blood (2006)
Altered Expression Pattern of Polycystin-2 in Acute and Chronic Renal Tubular Diseases
Authors: Nicholas Obermu[Combining Diaeresis]ller, Yiqiang Cai, Bettina Kra[Combining Diaeresis]nzlin, R. Brent Thomson, Norbert Gretz, Wilhelm Kriz, Stefan Somlo, Ralph Witzgall
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Polycystin-2 represents one of so far two proteins found to be mutated in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Evidence obtained from experiments carried out in cell lines and with native kidney tissue strongly suggests that polycystin-2 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the kidney, polycystin-2 is highly expressed in cells of the distal and connecting tubules, where it is located in the basal compartment. It is not known whether the expression of polycystin-2 in the kidney changes or whether it can be manipulated under certain instances. Therefore, the distribution of polycystin-2 under conditions leading to acute and chronic renal failure was analyzed. During ischemic acute renal failure, which affects primarily the S3 segment of the proximal tubule, a pronounced upregulation of polycystin-2 and a predominantly combined homogeneous and punctate cytoplasmic distribution in damaged cells was observed. After thallium-induced acute injury to thick ascending limb cells, polycystin-2 staining assumed a chicken wire-like pattern in damaged cells. In the (cy/+) rat, a model for autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in which cysts originate predominantly from the proximal tubule, polycystin-2 immunoreactivity was lost in some distal tubules. In kidneys from (pcy/pcy) mice, a model for autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease in which cyst formation primarily affects distal tubules and collecting ducts, a minor portion of cyst-lining cells cease to express polycystin-2, whereas in the remaining cells, polycystin-2 is retained in their basal compartment. Data show that the expression and cellular distribution of polycystin-2 in different kinds of renal injuries depends on the type of damage and on the nephron-specific response to the injury. After ischemia, polycystin-2 may be upregulated by the injured cells to protect themselves. It is unlikely that polycystin-2 plays a role in cyst formation in the (cy/+) rat and in the (pcy/pcy) mouse.
Operating Theatre Technicians
Authors: D. Aiken
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<h3>Objective</h3> Haemorrhoidal disease (HEM) affects a large and silently suffering fraction of the population but its aetiology, including suspected genetic predisposition, is poorly understood. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to identify genetic risk factors for HEM to date. <h3>Design</h3> We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 218 920 patients with HEM and 725 213 controls of European ancestry. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed multiple genetic correlation analyses between HEM and other traits as well as calculated HEM polygenic risk scores (PRS) and evaluated their translational potential in independent datasets. Using functional annotation of GWAS results, we identified HEM candidate genes, which differential expression and coexpression in HEM tissues were evaluated employing RNA-seq analyses. The localisation of expressed proteins at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> We demonstrate modest heritability and genetic correlation of HEM with several other diseases from the GI, neuroaffective and cardiovascular domains. HEM PRS validated in 180 435 individuals from independent datasets allowed the identification of those at risk and correlated with younger age of onset and recurrent surgery. We identified 102 independent HEM risk loci harbouring genes whose expression is enriched in blood vessels and GI tissues, and in pathways associated with smooth muscles, epithelial and endothelial development and morphogenesis. Network transcriptomic analyses highlighted HEM gene coexpression modules that are relevant to the development and integrity of the musculoskeletal and epidermal systems, and the organisation of the extracellular matrix. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HEM has a genetic component that predisposes to smooth muscle, epithelial and connective tissue dysfunction.
Adrenergic Blockade in Hypertension
Authors: Jawahar Mehta
Journal: JAMA (1978)

HYPERTENSION with its sequelae is the second most common cause of death after atherosclerosis in the United States. A great deal of work has been done in the past decade to define the pathogenesis and to rationalize therapy for so-called essential hypertension. There is a suggestion that hyperactivity of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system either in response to stress or de novo leads to hypertension in some patients. A decline in blood pressure (BP) in hospitalized patients and during relaxation states (eg, meditation) lends support to this theory. Experimental application of epinephrine to hypothalamic or medullary receptors has resulted in sympathetic discharge and an increase in systemic BP. Some persons have been shown to have hyperdynamic circulation characterized by high plasma catecholamine levels, tachycardia, systemic hypertension, and high cardiac output in the early phase of hypertension. Long-standing hypertension increases the sodium content of the arteriolar wall and eventually
Benign Intracranial Hypertension following Corticosteroid Withdrawal in Childhood
Authors: B. G. R. Neville, J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In an 18-month period seven children who were treated for a variety of neurological and non-neurological diseases, and in whom the corticosteroid or corticotrophin dosage was reduced, developed a syndrome indistinguishable from "benign intracranial hypertension." The total duration and rate of reduction of corticosteroid dosage and perhaps an underlying susceptibility to cerebral oedema appear to be important factors in this syndrome. Usually patients can be treated without the need for special neuroradiological studies. Possibly mild forms of this condition are not uncommon, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Tiny RNAs associated with transcription start sites in animals
Authors: Ryan J Taft, Evgeny A Glazov, Nicole Cloonan, Cas Simons, Stuart Stephen, Geoffrey J Faulkner, Timo Lassmann, Alistair R R Forrest, Sean M Grimmond, Kate Schroder, Katharine Irvine, Takahiro Arakawa, Mari Nakamura, Atsutaka Kubosaki, Kengo Hayashida, Chika Kawazu, Mitsuyoshi Murata, Hiromi Nishiyori, Shiro Fukuda, Jun Kawai, Carsten O Daub, David A Hume, Harukazu Suzuki, Valerio Orlando, Piero Carninci, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, John S Mattick
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Sialic Acid Deposition Impairs the Utility of AAV9, but Not Peptide-modified AAVs for Brain Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Lysosomal Storage Disease
Authors: Yong Hong Chen, Kristin Claflin, James C Geoghegan, Beverly L Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Recombinant vector systems have been recently identified that when delivered systemically can transduce neurons, glia, and endothelia in the central nervous system (CNS), providing an opportunity to develop therapies for diseases affecting the brain without performing direct intracranial injections. Vector systems based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) include AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) and AAVs that have been re-engineered at the capsid level for CNS tropism. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of AAV9 and a capsid modified AAV for their abilities to rescue CNS and peripheral disease in an animal model of lysosomal storage disease (LSD), the mucopolysacharidoses (MPS) VII mouse. While the peptide-modified AAV reversed cognitive deficits, improved storage burden in the brain, and substantially prolonged survival, we were surprised to find that AAV9 provided no CNS benefit. Additional experiments demonstrated that sialic acid, a known inhibitor of AAV9, is elevated in the CNS of MPS VII mice. These studies highlight how disease manifestations can dramatically impact the known tropism of recombinant vectors, and raise awareness to assuming similar transduction profiles between normal and disease models. Recombinant vector systems have been recently identified that when delivered systemically can transduce neurons, glia, and endothelia in the central nervous system (CNS), providing an opportunity to develop therapies for diseases affecting the brain without performing direct intracranial injections. Vector systems based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) include AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) and AAVs that have been re-engineered at the capsid level for CNS tropism. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of AAV9 and a capsid modified AAV for their abilities to rescue CNS and peripheral disease in an animal model of lysosomal storage disease (LSD), the mucopolysacharidoses (MPS) VII mouse. While the peptide-modified AAV reversed cognitive deficits, improved storage burden in the brain, and substantially prolonged survival, we were surprised to find that AAV9 provided no CNS benefit. Additional experiments demonstrated that sialic acid, a known inhibitor of AAV9, is elevated in the CNS of MPS VII mice. These studies highlight how disease manifestations can dramatically impact the known tropism of recombinant vectors, and raise awareness to assuming similar transduction profiles between normal and disease models.
Ozone and PM <sub>2.5</sub> Exposure and Acute Pulmonary Health Effects: A Study of Hikers in theGreat Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Steven P. Girardot, P. Barry Ryan, Susan M. Smith, Wayne T. Davis, Charles B. Hamilton, Richard A. Obenour, James R. Renfro, Kimberly A. Tromatore, Gregory D. Reed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

To address the lack of research on the pulmonary health effects of ozone and fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) on individuals who recreate in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA) and to replicate a study performed at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire (USA), we conducted an observational study of adult (18–82 years of age) day hikers of the Charlies Bunion trail during 71 days of fall 2002 and summer 2003. Volunteer hikers performed pre- and posthike pulmonary function tests (spirometry), and we continuously monitored ambient O3, PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity at the trailhead. Of the 817 hikers who participated, 354 (43%) met inclusion criteria (nonsmokers and no use of bronchodilators within 48 hr) and gave acceptable and reproducible spirometry. For these 354 hikers, we calculated the posthike percentage change in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, peak expiratory flow, and mean flow rate between 25 and 75% of the FVC and regressed each separately against pollutant (O3 or PM2.5) concentration, adjusting for age, sex, hours hiked, smoking status (former vs. never), history of asthma or wheeze symptoms, hike load, reaching the summit, and mean daily temperature. O3 and PM2.5 concentrations measured during the study were below the current federal standards, and we found no significant associations of acute changes in pulmonary function with either pollutant. These findings are contrasted with those in the Mt. Washington study to examine the hypothesis that pulmonary health effects are associated with exposure to O3 and PM2.5 in healthy adults engaged in moderate exercise.
Residual normal stem cells can be detected in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patients by a new flow cytometric approach and predict for optimal response to imatinib
Authors: J J W M Janssen, W Deenik, K G M Smolders, B J van Kuijk, W Pouwels, A Kelder, J J Cornelissen, G J Schuurhuis, G J Ossenkoppele
Journal: Leukemia (2011)