tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis with Streptomycin
Authors: Timothy A. Lamphier, Charles Cashman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

AT THE time of this writing no data on streptomycin as a specific agent in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis had been reported in the literature. The results in the cases reported below are considered sufficiently successful to justify publication.In World War II a major problem in the treatment of compound comminuted fractures was the resultant chronic infection. There is no doubt that penicillin played a great role in either eradicating or localizing infectious processes. Certainly, the bacteremias and septicemias following compound bone injuries so characteristic of World War I were the exception rather than the rule in World . . .
<i>Caspase Recruitment Domain-Containing Protein 15</i> Mutations in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rebecca L. Roberts, Richard B. Gearry, Melanie D.E. Allington, Helen R. Morrin, Bridget A. Robinson, Frank A. Frizelle
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) plays a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response. Mutations within this protein have been shown to be independent risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease in Caucasians. As Crohn's disease patients are at increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer, it is conceivable that genetic variability within CARD15 may also play a role in determining susceptibility to this gastrointestinal malignancy in individuals without Crohn's disease. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of two case-control studies that found the frequencies of CARD15 mutations were significantly elevated in Polish and Greek colorectal cancer patients. Given the results of these previous studies, we examined whether the high incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer observed in New Zealand Caucasians was due to mutations within CARD15. To answer this question, we genotyped 133 colorectal cancer patients and 201 Caucasian controls for R702W, G908R, 1007fs, and P268S. χ2 Testing found that the combined frequency of R702W, G908R, and 1007fs was significantly elevated in colorectal cancer patients compared with controls (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.4), but no association was detected between tumor behavior or age of disease onset and CARD15 mutations in our colorectal cancer cohort. This study is the first to explore the link between CARD15 mutations and colorectal cancer in New Zealand Caucasians. Our results strongly suggest that CARD15 influences susceptibility to colorectal cancer, but we have found no evidence to indicate that CARD15 mutations predict the clinicopathologic characteristics of this disease. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2532-5)
CHARACTERIZATION AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF HYPERTENSIVE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY: A DISTINCT PHENOTYPE OF HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE?
Authors: Annamaria Iorio, Bruno Pinamonti, Marco Bobbo, Marco Merlo, Giulia Barbati, Laura Massa, Giorgio Faganello, Andrea Di Lenarda, Gianfranco Sinagra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Insulin Secretion and Its Determinants in the Progression of Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Type 2 Diabetes in Impaired Glucose-Tolerant Individuals
Authors: Vanessa D.F. de Mello, Jaana Lindström, Johan Eriksson, Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Jouko Sundvall, Markku Laakso, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Matti Uusitupa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of early-phase insulin secretion on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) participating in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS). We examined how a lifestyle intervention affected early-phase insulin secretion (ratio of total insulin area under the curve [AUC] and total glucose AUC [AIGR] from 0 to 30 min) during a 4-year follow-up intervention trial and whether AIGR0–30 response was modified by insulin sensitivity (IS) and obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 443 participants with IGT originally randomized to a lifestyle intervention or control group were studied. IS and AIGR0–30 were estimated from an oral tolerance glucose test administered annually during the 4-year follow-up trial and were related to the risk of diabetes onset over a 6-year follow-up. RESULTS Lifestyle intervention resulted in higher IS (P = 0.02) and lower unadjusted AIGR0–30 (P = 0.08) during the 4-year follow-up. A higher IS and a lower BMI during the follow-up were associated with a lower unadjusted AIGR0–30 during the follow-up, independently of study group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). A greater increase in IS on the median cutoff point of a 0.69 increase was associated with higher IS-adjusted AIGR0–30 during the follow-up (P = 0.002). In multivariate models, IS and IS-adjusted AIGR0–30 were both inversely associated with diabetes incidence (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Participants who progressed to type 2 diabetes were more obese and had lower IS and Matsuda IS index-AIGR0–30 than nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes after lifestyle intervention is related to the improvement of IS along with weight loss. Improved IS may also have beneficial effects on preservation of β-cell function.
THE MEASUREMENT OF AN INHIBITORY PROCESS IN HUMAN HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY: ITS RELATION TO ALLUSIVE THINKING AND FATIGUE
Authors: N. MCCONAGHY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The observation of Bleuler and Skottowe that certain recovered schizophrenics continue to show a special form of thinking is examined. The author's theory that this thinking is also shown by a percentage of the normal population who have never suffered from schizophrenia is stated and his clinical description of this mode of thinking, termed "allusive thinking," is elaborated. It is shown that normal subjects with this thinking show less difficulty in learning the central portion of a word list than do subjects without it. Evidence is advanced that this is due to a weakness of the inhibitory process accompanying attention. This is considered to support Bleuler's view that this mode of thinking is due to such a weakness. It is also considered to support the author's view that the familial occurrence of allusive thinking is due to inheritance rather than environmental contact.
376. Various Aspects of the Single-Stranded DNA Fragment-Mediated Gene Correction
Authors: Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Hideyoshi Harashima, Hiroyuki Kamiya
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The gene correction strategy, by which mutations are converted to the normal sequences in living cells, is expected as an important technology for gene therapy and biotechnology. We have developed a new gene correction method by using a sense single-stranded (ss) DNA fragment (fSense) prepared from phagemid DNA (Tsuchiya H, et al. J. Gene Med., in press). This ss DNA fragment provided 12-fold higher gene correction efficiency as compared with a double-stranded (ds) PCR fragment used in the conventional small-fragment homologous replacement method. However, at the present time, very limited information is available about factors affecting the correction efficiency and mechanisms involved in the ss DNA fragment-mediated gene correction. In the present study, we performed several experiments to reveal the factors and mechanisms how the ss DNA fragments correct mutations of target genes. Moreover, we examined the potency of new DNA fragments modified based on the outcomes of the mechanistic studies. First, we investigated the effects of the transcription of the target gene, of the DNA modifications (5'-phosphate and N6-methyladenine [mA]) of fSense and of the length of ss DNA fragments on the gene correction. Second, we examined whether fSense was integrated into the homologous strand of the target gene. It was revealed that the transcription did not affect the gene correction while the mA, but not 5'-phosphate, significantly stimulated the gene correction (2-fold increase), and that there was an optimum value in the length (400|[ndash]|1200 nt). Additionally, fSense was indeed integrated into the target gene, indicating that a homologous recombination (HR) pathway was, at least in part, involved in the gene correction process. This finding led us to further modifications of the ss DNA fragments based on the HR mechanism. Currently, the newly modified DNA fragments are under investigation. These results suggest that further improvement in the gene correction efficiency can be achieved by modification(s) of DNA fragments based on the correction mechanism, the HR pathway.
Formation and characterization of DNA-polymer-condensates based on poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) grafted poly(l-lysine) for non-viral delivery of therapeutic DNA
Authors: Thomas von Erlach, Sven Zwicker, Bidhari Pidhatika, Rupert Konradi, Marcus Textor, Heike Hall, Tessa Lühmann
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Retinol binding protein and pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors: W.A.D. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Retinol binding protein and pityriasis rubra pilaris Get access W.A.D. GRIFFITHS W.A.D. GRIFFITHS St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 1, 1 July 1982, Page 125, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00302.x Published: 01 July 1982
Usefulness of tunnel dissection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors
Authors: H. Choi, H. Chun
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

We read with interest the articles by Inoue et al. [1] and Gong et al. [2] regarding endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for treatment of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs). SMTs of esophagus and cardia were resected by tunnel dissection with excellent results in these studies. We would like to express our opinion after carefully analyzing these reports.
Cloning, Expression, and Homology Modeling of GroEL Protein from Leptospira interrogans Serovar Autumnalis Strain N2
Authors: Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan, Santhanam Shanmughapriya, Sridhar Velineni, Sergey C. Artiushin, John F. Timoney
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Abstract Leptospirosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Leptospira species. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the immunodominant protein GroEL from L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis strain N2, which was isolated from the urine of a patient during an outbreak of leptospirosis in Chennai, India. This groEL gene encodes a protein of 60 kDa with a high degree of homology (99% similarity) to those of other leptospiral serovars. Recombinant GroEL was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the sera from confirmed leptospirosis patients showed strong reactivity with the recombinant GroEL while no reactivity was observed with the sera from seronegative control patient. In addition, the 3D structure of GroEL was constructed using chaperonin complex cpn60 from Thermus thermophilus as template and validated. The results indicated a Z-score of −8.35, which is in good agreement with the expected value for a protein. The superposition of the Cα traces of cpn60 structure and predicted structure of leptospiral GroEL indicates good agreement of secondary structure elements with an RMSD value of 1.5 Å. Further study is necessary to evaluate GroEL for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis and for its potential as a vaccine component.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG): A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: L Gossner, J. Keymling, E. G. Hahn, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: The most frequent complication reported for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is peristomal wound infection which occurs in as many as 30 % of patients. In the studies published so far, the question of whether antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of peristomal wound infection has remained controversial. We therefore conducted a prospective, randomized trial to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of peristomal wound infection associated with PEG.
Endoscopic Therapy of Biliary and Pancreatic Disorders in Children
Authors: K. O. Brown, M. Goldschmiedt
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Although many reports in the literature describe the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children, few mention the therapeutic application of the technique in treating pediatric patients with pancreatic or biliary pathology. We report here on our two-year experience, consisting of 42 ERCPs conducted in 25 patients for a variety of pancreaticobiliary indications. Ages ranged from 22 months to 19 years. Five patients had normal studies; the remainder were diagnosed with a variety of pancreatic and or biliary anomalies. Seventeen patients had therapeutic interventions consisting of sphincterotomy (n = 12), dilation (n = 6), or stent placement (n = 9), with many of these procedures being done in combination. Five patients had mild complaints of abdominal pain or vomiting immediately after ERCP, but no major technical or medical complications were encountered. We find that therapeutic ERCP can be safely performed in children, but only by highly experienced endoscopists familiar with these specialized procedures.
The Relationship Between Pressure and Flow in the Systemic Circulation of the Dog
Authors: MATTHEW N. LEVY, SHIRLEY H. BRIND, FREDERICK R. BRANDLIN, FRED A. PHILLIPS
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

Cardiac output was determined in dogs over a wide range of pressures before and after preclusion of compensatory reflex mechanisms. When the moderator reflexes are functional, total peripheral resistance increases markedly with moderate reductions in arterial pressure. When reflex alterations of vasomotor tone are obviated, pressure and flow usually vary proportionately as arterial pressure is altered. In the average experiment, total peripheral resistance remains relatively constant although appreciable deviations may be observed in individual cases.
Adhesion molecules and related proteins in Darier's disease and Hailey–Hailey disease
Authors: S.M. BURGE, K.H. SCHOMBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

We have used antibodies to plakoglobin and E-cadherin: the lectins, peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA); and sera from patients with the autoimmune diseases pemphigus vulgaris (PV) or pemphigus foliaceus (PF), in an immunohistological study of Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease. There was normal expression of plakoglobin, E-cadherin, lectins and pemphigus antigens at the periphery of keratinocytes in uninvolved skin. Clumps of plakoglobin were detected within acantholytic cells in Hailey-Hailey disease, whereas expression was diffuse in acantholytic cells in Darier's disease. This difference may reflect differences in the pathogenesis of acantholysis. E-cadherin expression was weak or absent at the periphery of some acantholytic cells; lectin binding was sometimes reduced around acantholytic cells, and pemphigus antibodies did not bind to the acantholytic cells involved skin in either disease. Internalization, conformational changes or proteolysis may alter the expression of extracellular epitopes by acantholytic cells.
Involucrin expression in skin appendage tumours
Authors: T. HASHIMOTO, N. INAMOTO, K. NAKAMURA, R. HARADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The expression of involucrin was examined in 23 skin tumours of hair follicle origin, 17 tumours of sweat gland origin and three tumours of unknown origin, using an immunoperoxidase technique. All tumours from the hair follicle showed a positive reaction for involucrin. In particular keratoacanthoma and the squamous eddies in various tumours stained strongly. Trichofolliculoma, trichilemmoma and pilomatrixoma exhibited characteristic staining patterns which resembled those in the normal hair follicle. On the other hand the majority of the tumours of sweat gland origin did not stain, with restricted positive reactions in areas showing lumen formation or squamous metaplasia. In contrast to the lack of staining in syringoma, a positive reaction was observed in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, which is histologically similar to syringoma. Clear cell acanthoma, the origin of which is still controversial, showed a staining pattern which indicated that its origin may not be in the sweat gland. These results suggest that testing for involucrin in skin appendage tumours may be very useful for understanding the kinetics of maturation as well as in determining the origin of the tumours.
Abstract 1325: Chlorinated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (EPI-001) mediates degradation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.
Authors: Lucas J. Brand, Scott M. Dehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The androgen receptor is a critical target for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Blocking AR signaling via castration or antiandrogens such as bicalutamide and enzalutamide results in tumor regression. However, resistance to AR-targeted therapy inevitably develops, marked by the outgrowth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Mechanisms of CRPC include amplification of the AR gene, leading to overexpression of AR mRNA and protein, as well as expression of truncated AR splice variants. AR overexpression can convert bicalutamide to a weak agonist, thereby driving AR reactivation and ongoing cellular proliferation and survival. AR splice variants lack the COOH-terminal AR ligand binding domain (LBD) and function as constitutively-active, ligand-independent transcription factors. Recently, the chlorinated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, EPI-001, was shown to bind to the AR NH2-terminal domain and inhibit AR signaling by interfering with coactivator recruitment. Here, we show that EPI-001 has a novel activity of mediating degradation of AR protein in various PCa cell lines, including cells driven by AR gene amplification and cells driven by AR splice variants. Cells displaying resistance to the next-generation antiandrogen enzalutamide were growth inhibited at EPI-001 concentrations corresponding to maximal AR degradation. Moreover, using VCaP cells as a model of AR overexpression, we show that EPI-001-mediated AR degradation prevents inappropriate agonist response to bicalutamide. This work provides proof-of-principle that targeting full-length and splice variant forms of the AR for degradation with EPI-001 may enhance the efficacy of conventional and next-generation antiandrogens for treatment of CRPC. Citation Format: Lucas J. Brand, Scott M. Dehm. Chlorinated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (EPI-001) mediates degradation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1325
Antibiotics and Agriculture
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Training the Resident to Meet the Detail Man
Authors: James F. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Ferguson<sup>1</sup>predicts that physicians will continue to receive most of their pharmacologic education from the pharmaceutical industry, and concedes that such information may be less than objective. The primary objective of any capitalist organization is to maximize profits. It therefore follows that any pharmaceutical company will attempt to generate more prescriptions for its products by means of advertising, visitation by detail men and women, and various incentive programs such as gifts to physicians as an inducement to prescribe a company's drugs. As a patient, I expect my physician to prescribe my drugs based on one simple criterion: that the drug be the best drug for me in any particular situation. If I learned that my physician had chosen a drug for me based mainly on the promotional efforts of the manufacturer, I would consider that he or she was seriously in conflict with the professional