tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diverticulitis Coli
Authors: Thomas W. Botsford, Lon E. Curtis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THIS paper reviews the experience at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in the surgical treatment of diverticulitis coli during the past decade. The reasons for making this study are several. First of all, there has been a laudable trend toward a more aggressive surgical approach in the treatment of this disease. However, the criteria for the one-stage operation for diverticulitis coli need sharper definition. Secondly, the multiple-stage operation still has a definite place in the treatment of colonic diverticulitis. Thirdly, the patient with diverticulitis coli is somewhat analogous to the patient with peptic-ulcer disease. He is usually under medical therapy . . .
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION OF THE OVARY TO FAT METABOLISM
Authors: Montrose T. Burrows, Charles G. Johnston
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

From these observations there seemed to be little doubt that the follicular fluid of the ovary contains an active growth-stimulating substance and one capable of initiating an active digestion of a foreign fat, which might otherwise remain unabsorbed for an indefinite time in the tissues of these animals (2). We have not attempted to ascertain whether this substance exciting growth and a digestion of the oil is the same or in any way related to the substance exciting estrus in these animals. That it may be a different substance from the estrus-exciting substance is suggested, however, by the fact that a similar excitant of growth and fat digestion has recently been extracted by the same method from the corpus luteum of pigs. These extracts of corpora lutea have not excited estrus in spayed rats. In the one rat in which the pure oil was absorbed, the cells did not invade the oil, but the capsule remained cellular and the oil gradually disappeared from the space. In these experiments in which the active substance was added to the oil the cells have always invaded the oil.
Assessment of preoperative left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation: value of the end-systolic wall stress-end-systolic volume ratio.
Authors: B A Carabello, S P Nolan, L B McGuire
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Twenty-one patients with symptomatic, chronic, severe mitral regurgitation (MR) but without other valvular heart disease or coronary disease were evaluated to determine which hemodynamic and angiographic factors might be prognostic of surgical outcome. Sixteen patients were in New York Heart Association functional classes I or II postoperatively and formed group A. One patient remained in class III postoperatively and four patients died perioperatively; they constitute group B. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) was less for group A than for group B, 119 +/- 25 ml/m2 vs 170 +/- 28 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001). End-systolic volume index (ESVI) was also lower in group A, 39 +/- 19 ml/m2 vs 72 +/- 32 ml/m2 for group B (p less than 0.01). The ratio of end-systolic wall stress to end-systolic volume index (ESWS/ESVI) was examined in normal persons and in groups A and B. This ratio was significantly lower in both groups than in normal persons, indicating relatively greater end-systolic volume at a given wall stress, suggesting left ventricular dysfunction. The ESWS/ESVI ratio in group B, 2.2 +/- 0.2, was significantly less than in group A, 3.3 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.001). The variables of age, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, EDVI, ESVI, ejection fraction and the ESWS/ESVI ratio were subjected to stepwise discriminant multivariate analysis to determine if any were independent predictors of outcome. The only independent predictor determined by this method was the ESWS/ESVI ratio (p less than 0.001). We conclude that the ESWS/ESVI ratio may be helpful in evaluating left ventricular function and operative risk in patients with chronic, symptomatic MR.
1136 HOMA-IR VS HOMA-AD AND LIVER AND LEUKOCYTES IRS1 IN ASSESSING INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR) IN LEAN NAÏVE HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS: MORE THAN LIPID METABOLISM IS INVOLVED
Authors: M. Michalczuk, C.R. Kappel, M.R. Alvares-da-Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION IN THE BRAIN
Authors: CHESTER W. DARROW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

The paradoxical association of relatively large amplitude alpha 10± per second activity with a relatively low level of waking cerebral function is attributed to the inhibitory effects of subcortical 10 ± per second pacing of activity in the cortex and to associated autonomic effects causing cerebral constriction. On the other hand the association of fast activity with cortical excitation, metabolite (CO2) production, and fast activity in cholinergic nerves accounts for associated vasodilatation. Thus, by the opposed effects of fast vs. 10 ± per second slower activity, cortical and subcortical mechanisms may regulate one another. This may provide a homeostatic mechanism by which excitation in the cortex is normally prevented from producing excessive discharge or from self-perpetuation. Underactivity, overactivity, or imbalance of these functions would account for the EEG and autonomic patterns seen in many abnormal mental conditions.
Competitive Androgen Receptor Antagonism as a Factor Determining the Predictability of Cumulative Antiandrogenic Effects of Widely Used Pesticides
Authors: Frances Orton, Erika Rosivatz, Martin Scholze, Andreas Kortenkamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Many pesticides in current use have recently been revealed as in vitro androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, but information about their combined effects is lacking.Objective: We investigated the combined effects and the competitive AR antagonism of pesticide mixtures.Methods: We used the MDA-kb2 assay to test a combination of eight AR antagonists that did not also possess AR agonist properties (“pure” antagonists; 8 mix: fludioxonil, fenhexamid, ortho-phenylphenol, imazalil, tebuconazole, dimethomorph, methiocarb, pirimiphos-methyl), a combination of five AR antagonists that also showed agonist activity (5 mix: cyprodinil, pyrimethanil, vinclozolin, chlorpropham, linuron), and all pesticides combined (13 mix). We used concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) to formulate additivity expectations, and Schild plot analyses to investigate competitive AR antagonism.Results: A good agreement between the effects of the mixture of eight “pure” AR antagonists and the responses predicted by CA was observed. Schild plot analysis revealed that the 8 mix acted by competitive AR antagonism. However, the observed responses of the 5 mix and the 13 mix fell within the “prediction window” boundaries defined by the predicted regression curves of CA and IA. Schild plot analysis with these mixtures yielded anomalous responses incompatible with competitive receptor antagonism.Conclusions: A mixture of widely used pesticides can, in a predictable manner, produce combined AR antagonist effects that exceed the responses elicited by the most potent component alone. Inasmuch as large populations are regularly exposed to mixtures of antiandrogenic pesticides, our results underline the need for considering combination effects for these substances in regulatory practice.
Ixolaris, a novel recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the salivary gland of the tick, Ixodes scapularis: identification of factor X and factor Xa as scaffolds for the inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex
Authors: Ivo M. B. Francischetti, Jesus G. Valenzuela, John F. Andersen, Thomas N. Mather, José M. C. Ribeiro
Journal: Blood (2002)
The Triad of Gastric Leiomyosarcoma, Functioning Extra-Adrenal Paraganglioma and Pulmonary Chondroma
Authors: J A Carney, S G Sheps, V L Go, H Gordon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The association of three uncommon neoplasms — gastric leiomyosarcoma, functioning extra-adrenal paraganglioma and pulmonary chondroma — in two patients and the occurrence of two of these tumors in two other patients suggests that this association is not fortuitous and may constitute a syndrome.Case SummariesCase 1. A 25-year-old woman had anomalies of the external and middle ears at birth. At the age of 12, an asymptomatic mass, which proved to be a paraganglioma (carotid-body tumor), was excised from the left side of the neck. When 24 years of age, she had massive hematemesis. At gastrectomy, there were five leiomyosarcomas . . .
Hypertension and Strokes.
Authors: I. Stanley Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Hypertension and Strokes.I. Stanley Anderson, M.D., Charles S. Ireland, M.D., F.A.C.P., Jesse B. Barber, M.D.I. Stanley Anderson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles S. Ireland, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Jesse B. Barber, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-807_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study examines the relationship of hypertension in stroke patients in regards to age, sex, incidence, and mortality. A record review was made of 120 black indigent stroke patients. Age and sex relationship was examined. Hypertension was classified as being moderate or severe, then compared with the initial mortality.We found hypertension to be a common factor in our patients—virtually 100% in intracerebral hemorrhage and 45% or greater in nonhemorrhagic strokes. The prevalence of hypertension in strokes was much greater than that of the general population. Hypertension was a less significant factor in strokes after age 80. Severe hypertension was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 807-807KeywordsHemorrhagic strokeHypertensionMortalityStroke Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Role of Neutral Endopeptidase in Dogs With Evolving Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Kenneth B. Margulies, Paul L. Barclay, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Recent studies suggest that neurohumoral mechanisms including decreased renal responses to increases in atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) play a central role in the progression from asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction to advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) with sodium retention, vasoconstriction, and reduced exercise tolerance. Recognizing that neutral endopeptidase 24.11 degrades ANF and may be enhanced in CHF, we hypothesized that chronic neutral endopeptidase inhibition (NEP-I) would potentiate renal responses to exogenous ANF and alter the temporal evolution of sodium retention in evolving CHF by potentiation of increased endogenous ANF. Methods and Results We studied 13 conscious dogs with evolving CHF produced by rapid ventricular pacing at 250 beats per minute. Six of these dogs received NEP-I with candoxatril, 10 mg/kg PO BID, throughout evolving CHF. Responses to exogenous ANF, 10 μg/kg IV bolus, were assessed at baseline and after 6 days of CHF. Daily metabolic studies during evolving CHF with chronic NEP-I showed increased sodium excretion and renal cGMP generation consistent with enhanced renal activity of endogenous ANF compared with untreated controls. In addition, renal natriuretic and cGMP responses to exogenous ANF were intact in CHF with chronic NEP-I in contrast to markedly attenuated renal responses to exogenous ANF in untreated CHF. Despite enhanced ANF responsiveness and improved sodium balance in evolving CHF, a moderate degree of sodium retention was observed during chronic NEP-I in evolving CHF. Conclusions Enzymatic degradation by neutral endopeptidase limits local renal responses to increases in endogenous and exogenous ANF in CHF independent of changes in systemic hemodynamics or augmented plasma concentrations of ANF. The moderate sodium retention observed during evolving CHF despite chronic NEP-I probably reflects the antinatriuretic effects of hemodynamic and humoral factors independent of ANF activity.
The Treatment of the Morphine Disease.
Authors: J. Mattison
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Sir—To any who may desire it I shall take pleasure in sending a paper giving in full detail a method of treating morphinism that is simple, satisfactory and successful; and far in advance of any mode yet presented to accomplish two cardinal objects—minimum duration of treatment and maximum freedom from pain.
ABC of Rheumatology: GOUT, HYPERURICAEMIA, AND CRYSTAL ARTHRITIS
Authors: M. L Snaith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Classic podagra: acute gouty arthritis of first metatarsophalangeal joint.Chronic, relatively painless, tophaceous gouty arthritis of fingers, probably due to patient's long term treatment with diuretics.Acute gouty olecranon bursa.This, the patient's first attack of gout for many years, occurred after major bowel surgery.;, I. .... .. F pitLar osteopenia andthatthe rcpunched out erosions, especially at the right little finger proximal interphalangeal joint, are a little further away from joint margin than would be found with rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract 576: Hydrogen peroxide and iron released from nitroprusside cooperate to induce melanoma cell death: role of the p53 genotype
Authors: Luis A. Gomez, Mary Strasberg, Manuel Rieber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND. We recently reported that sodium nitroprusside or nitroferricyanide (III) (SNP), an iron nitrosyl complex clinically used as a powerful vasodilator, promotes melanoma cell apoptosis independently of the status of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. This occurred with intact SNP but was delayed when using its light-exhausted form (lex-SNP) devoid of nitric oxide (NO) (1). OBJECTIVES. Since extracellular NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are increased after SNP treatment (2), to define antitumor effects of H2O2 plus NO or iron, we used sub-toxic exogenous H2O2 singly or together with either: a) SNP; b) lex-SNP; c) potassium ferricyanide or d) ferric ammonium sulphate, against genetically-matched human C8161 melanoma harboring wild type (wt) or mutant p53, since the latter contributes to drug resistance. METHODS. Cell survival was assayed by crystal violet staining or by determining percentage of calcein AM retention and lack of propidium iodide uptake. DNA damage was assessed by laser scanning cytometry and PARP fragmentation was measured by immune blotting. RESULTS. While each treatment alone showed low efficacy, a synergistic cytotoxicity was demonstrated only between either intact or lex-SNP + H2O2. Shorter treatments of these combinations were preferentially cytotoxic against wt p53 melanoma compared to their mutant p53 matched counterparts, in crystal violet survival assays. However, longer treatments with [SNP + H2O2] induced apoptosis-associated PARP cleavage irrespective of cellular p53 genotype. All these changes were antagonized by anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or metal chelator o-phenanthroline, suggesting that metal-dependent redox changes are important in this anti-tumor activity. CONCLUSIONS. When using alternative iron sources like those provided by potassium ferricyanide, ferric ammonium sulphate or sodium nitroferricyanide (III) (SNP), we show for the first time that in vitro anti-tumor combination therapy with sub-toxic H2O2 is achieved only with iron made available by SNP, since H2O2 did not synergize with iron provided by potassium ferricyanide or ferric ammonium sulphate. Lex-SNP devoid of NO (1) also potentiated the effect of H2O2, implying that the cooperative effect of [SNP + H2O2] is independent of its NO-donating ability. REFERENCES (1) Gomez-Sarosi LA, Strasberg-Rieber M, Rieber M. ERK activation increases nitroprusside induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells irrespective of p53 status: role of superoxide dismutases. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1173-82. (2) Rabkin SW and Kong JY. Nitroprusside induces cardiomyocyte death: interaction with hydrogen peroxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 279:H3089-H3100. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 576.
Depression in older adults
Authors: J. Rodda, Z. Walker, J. Carter
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Depression is a major contributor to healthcare costs and is projected to be the leading cause of disease burden in middle and higher income countries by the year 2030.w1 Depression in later life, traditionally defined as age older than 65, is associated with disability, increased mortality, and poorer outcomes from physical illness. Most clinicians will encounter older patients with depression in their day to day practice, but although treatment is as effective for older patients as for younger adults, the condition is often under-recognised and under-treated. According to WHO data, proportionately more people aged over 65 commit suicide than any other age group, and most have major depression. Older people who attempt suicide are more likely to die than younger people, while in those who survive, prognosis is worse for older adults.1

With a progressively ageing population worldwide, identification and treatment of depression in older adults becomes increasingly important, especially as older patients may have different presentations and needs than younger ones. We consider recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials to …
Patterns of physical activity and ultrasound attenuation by heel bone among Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC Norfolk): population based
Authors: R. W Jakes
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To study associations between patterns of physical activity and ultrasound attenuation by the heel bone in men and women. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional, population based study. <b>Setting:</b> Norfolk. <b>Participants:</b> 2296 men and 2914 women aged 45-74 registered with general practices participating in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC Norfolk). <b>Results:</b> Self reported time spent in high impact physical activity was strongly and positively associated with ultrasound attenuation by the heel bone, independently of age, weight, and other confounding factors. Men who reported participating in 2 hours/week of high impact activity had 8.44 dB/MHz (95% confidence interval 4.49 to 12.40) or 9.5%, higher ultrasound attenuation than men who reported no activity of this type. In women, the difference in ultrasound attenuation between those reporting any high impact activity and those reporting none was 2.41 dB/MHz (0.45 to 4.37) or 3.4% higher. In women this effect was similar in size to that of an age difference of four years. Moderate impact activity had no effect. However, climbing stairs was strongly independently associated with ultrasound attenuation in women (0.64 dB/MHz (0.19 to 1.09) for each additional five flights of stairs). There was a significant negative association in women between time spent watching television or video and heel bone ultrasound attenuation, which decreased by 0.08 dB/MHz (0.02 to 0.14) for each additional hour of viewing a week. <b>Conclusions:</b> High impact physical activity is independently associated with ultrasound attenuation by the heel bone in men and women. As low ultrasound attenuation has been shown to predict increased risk of hip fracture, interventions to promote participation in high impact activities may help preserve bone density and reduce the risk of fracture. However, in older people such interventions may be inappropriate as they could increase the likelihood of falls.
Points from Letters: Psychological and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: I. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

mum= therapy than biochemical estimations alone.We would therefore respectfully suggest that before reaching a conclusion on Dr. Friedman's study with regard to clinical activity one must first correlate this latter with the plasma 1l-OHCS curves described.We would, however, repeat that we have no desire to produce a long-acting A.C.T.H. preparation which has an identical duration of action to any other prolonged A.C.T.H. at present available.We would maintain that A.C.T.H./c.m.c.represents a highly purified long-acting A.C.T.H. preparation with a therapeutic action which is similar to A.C.T.H. gelatin and every other natural A.C.T.H. prepara- tion, but which has two additional practical advantages-the first is its liquid nature and the second is its stability.These properties facilitate subcutaneous injection and make self-administration a more practical form of A.C.T.H. therapy for the outpatient.The necessity of warming a heat labile compound before administration is avoided.-Iam, etc.,
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Are Independent Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Najmeddine Echahidi, Dania Mohty, Philippe Pibarot, Jean-Pierre Després, Gilles O’Hara, Jean Champagne, François Philippon, Pascal Daleau, Pierre Voisine, Patrick Mathieu
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a highly prevalent complication after cardiac surgery with substantial effects on outcomes. Previous studies have reported that obesity is a risk factor for POAF after cardiac surgery. However, it is unknown whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) also increases the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results— We retrospectively analyzed the association between obesity and MS and the incidence of new-onset POAF in a total of 5085 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with no concomitant valvular surgery. Of these patients, 1468 (29%) were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and 2320 (46%) had a MS as defined by the NCEP-ATPIII. POAF occurred in 1374 (27%) of the patients. Obesity was associated ( P &lt;0.001) with increased incidence of POAF in the whole cohort as well as in patients &gt;50 years old but not in patients ≤50 years old. In these patients, MS was the only metabolic factor to be significantly associated with higher incidence of POAF (12% versus 6%, P =0.01). In &gt;50-year-old patients, mild (30 ≤ body mass index &lt;35 kg/m 2 ) and moderate–severe (body mass index ≥35 kg/m 2 ) obesity were independently associated with a 1.4-fold (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.71; P =0.004) and 2.3-fold (95% CI: 1.71 to 3.13; P &lt;0.0001) increase in the risk of POAF, respectively. In ≤50-year-old patients, MS (relative risk [RR]: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.10 to 5.12; P =0.02) but not obesity was independently associated with POAF. Conclusion— This study demonstrates that obesity is a powerful risk factor for the occurrence of POAF after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in patients older than 50 years. However, in the younger population, this association is not observed and MS is the only metabolic risk factor to be independently associated with POAF.
Childhood obesity and consumption of fizzy drinks: Diet is not that important in obesity
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Managing risk is concerned with a hierarchy of control in which controlling a dangerous environment is the best strategy for limiting risk—for example, taking people off operating machinery by automating processes. The study by James et al on preventing childhood obesity by reducing the consumption of carbonated drinks seeks to limit the risk of obesity but its method, using health promotion, is analogous to walking …