tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic chimerism in liver transplantation patients and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in adult human liver
Authors: Xiao Qi Wang, Chung Mau Lo, Lin Chen, Cindy K.Y. Cheung, Zhen Fan Yang, Yong Xiong Chen, Michael N. Ng, Wan Ching Yu, Xiaoyan Ming, Wu Zhang, David W.Y. Ho, See Ching Chan, Sheung Tat Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Liver transplantation (LT) is a cure for many liver diseases. Blood chimerism of donor origin can develop after LT, which raises the possibility of the existence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the liver. We characterized the blood chimerism in a large cohort of 249 LT patients and analyzed putative HSPCs in adult human livers. The overall incidence of chimerism was 6.43%, of which 11.11% was among short-term (1 day to 6 months) and 3.77% was among long-term (6 months to 8 years) LT patients. Hematopoietic Lin(-) CD34(+) CD38(-) CD90(+) populations have been demonstrated to generate long-term lymphomyeloid grafts in transplantations. In human adult livers, we detected Lin(-) CD34(+) CD38(-) CD90(+) populations accounting for 0.03% ± 0.017% of the total single liver cells and for 0.05% ± 0.012% of CD45(+) liver cells. Both Lin(-) CD34(+) and Lin(-) CD45(+) liver cells, from extensively perfused human liver grafts, were capable of forming hematopoietic myeloid-lineage and erythroid-lineage methylcellulose colonies. More importantly, Lin(-) CD45(+) or CD45(+) liver cells could be engrafted into hematopoietic cells in an immunodeficient mouse model. These results are the first evidence of the presence of putative HSPC populations in the adult human liver, where the liver is a good ectopic niche. The discovery of the existence of HSPCs in the adult liver have implications for the understanding of extramarrow hematopoiesis, liver regeneration, mechanisms of tolerance in organ transplantation, and de novo cancer recurrence in LT patients.The human adult liver contains a small population of HSPCs. In LT patients, there are two types of chimerisms: transient chimerism, resulting from mature leucocytes, and long-term chimerism, derived from putative HSPCs in the liver graft.
Histoplasmosis in a Life-Long Resident of New England
Authors: E. Elizabeth French, Otis Field Jillson, Lawrence S. Crispell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IT is now well known that histoplasmosis exceptionally is a fatal disease of the reticuloendothelial system, occurring solely in the tropics or in the states bordering the Mississippi River and its larger tributaries. The vastly more common, nonfatal, localized, pulmonary and even disseminated forms have been diagnosed in widespread localities where the index of suspicion is high and proper mycologic technics are utilized.1 2 3 It is the purpose of this paper to describe the first proved case of histoplasmosis from New England, in a native of Vermont who had never visited in the endemic areas mentioned above, and to stress the . . .
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER VERSUS PERMANENT POLYMER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN UNSELECTED PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Feng Zhang, Yuhua Zheng, Juying Qian, Junbo Ge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
On the Diagnostic Value of Venous Humming Murmurs in the Neck
Authors: H. T. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1891)

It will he seenl that nione of the four specimens of sputum *xposed to freslh air anid light on a dry soil conveyed the disease, but one of the tliree portions exposed under similar conditionis in (larkness produced tubercle.Of the two expose(d in thle (ottage in Ancoats in the light, one pro- duced tubercle an(l tlhe other was doubtful; and of the two specimenis exposedl in the same place in comparative dark- iess, onle( causedl tubercle, tlie other didc not.Lastly, the specimeni placefd in the vent[ilating slhaft from a ward in the consumnption lhospital, Bowdon, on a dry soil, conveyed the disease; but tlie portion removed from it after ten days, and *exposed to the action of ozoniised oxygein, did not produce -;tuhercle.These experiments are too few in number to justify the statemenit of positive conclusions; but, so far as they extend, they go to prove that fresli air and light and a dry sandy soil dliave a distinct influence in arresting the virulence of the -tul)ercle b)acilluis: thlat darkness somewhat interferes with this disinfectant actiol; but that the mere exposure to light in otherwvise b)ad saniitary conditions does Inot destroy the -virus.There -ire also some in(lications that the presence of a cotton-wool einvelopew iiiay interfere somewhat with the action .ofbotlh good aiid ba(d air respectively.GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY..
Immunohistochemical study of desmosomes in acne vulgaris
Authors: H.E. KNAGGS, B.R. HUGHES, C. MORRIS, E.J. WOOD, D.B. HOLLAND, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Immunohistochemical study of desmosomes in acne vulgaris Get access H.E. KNAGGS, H.E. KNAGGS Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.R. HUGHES, B.R. HUGHES Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. MORRIS, C. MORRIS Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.J. WOOD, E.J. WOOD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.B. HOLLAND, D.B. HOLLAND Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. CUNLIFFE W.J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LSI 3EX, U.K. Dr W.J.Cunlifle. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 6, 1 June 1994, Pages 731–737, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03410.x Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Accepted: 27 October 1993 Published: 01 June 1994
Statin Therapy May Be Associated With Lower Mortality in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Hidekatsu Fukuta, David C. Sane, Steffen Brucks, William C. Little
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— No therapy has been shown to improve survival in heart failure (HF) with a normal ejection fraction (EF). There are plausible reasons to hypothesize that statins may be of benefit in HF with a normal EF. Methods and Results— We evaluated 137 patients with HF and an EF ≥0.50. The effect of treatment received at study entry on survival was determined. During a follow-up of 21±12 months, 20 deaths were observed. Treatment with an ACE inhibitor or receptor blocker, β-blocker, or calcium blocker had no significant effect on survival. In contrast, treatment with a statin was associated with a substantial improvement in survival (relative risk of death [95% CI] 0.22 [0.07 to 0.64]; P =0.006). Patients receiving statins had higher baseline LDL cholesterol than those not receiving statins (153±45 versus 98±33 mg/dL, P &lt;0.01). After statin therapy, LDL cholesterol levels fell to a similar level (101±32 mg/dL) as in patients not receiving statins (98±33 mg/dL). After adjustment for differences in baseline clinical variables between groups (hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and serum creatinine), statin therapy was associated with lower mortality (adjusted relative risk of death [95% CI] 0.20 [0.06 to 0.62]; P =0.005). Similarly, after propensity matching, statin therapy was associated with improved survival (log-rank 6.12; P =0.013) and a trend toward improved survival without cardiovascular hospitalization (log-rank 3.02; P =0.082). Conclusions— Statin therapy may be associated with improved survival in patients with HF and a normal EF.
Exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) with vesicular lesions
Authors: M. YOSHIDA, K. FUKUI, T. ORITA, S. KUSUDA, T. TEZUKA, M. HIRUMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report a 7‐month‐old boy who developed vesicular lesions during the course of exanthem subitum. Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) DNA was detected both in the skin lesions and in the throat, by polymerase chain reaction. IgG and IgM antibodies against HHV‐6 were 1:10 and <1:10, respectively on the tenth day of the illness, and >1:640 and 1:10 on the twenty‐second day, respectively. These results suggest that this was primary HHV‐6 infection.
Marihuana: Metabolic and Social Progress
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The article by Lemberger and his associates in this issue marks an important step forward in determining the modes of action of the active agent in cannabis preparations. Because of the many variables involved in smoking marihuana (including hashish and other strong preparations), many persons have apparently concluded that the active agent in marihuana does not follow the usual principles regarding relation between dose and response. Qualitative work of the kind presented here should clarify many of the uncertainties regarding the effects of marihuana use.By happy coincidence, this paper and the Report of the National Commission on Marihuana and . . .
Plasma enteroglucagon related to malabsorption in coeliac disease.
Authors: A F Kilander, G Dotevall, G Lindstedt, P A Lundberg
Journal: Gut (1984)

Plasma enteroglucagon was measured before and during three hours after a standard meal in 21 untreated adult patients with suspected coeliac disease who all had villous atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa and malabsorption, and in nine control subjects. In 11 of these patients the diagnosis of coeliac disease was confirmed and 10 were again investigated on a gluten free diet. The coeliac patients had higher basal (37 +/- 9 pmol/l, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.05) and postprandial (70 +/- 9 pmol/l, p less than 0.005) mean plasma enteroglucagon concentrations than the control subjects (basal 14 +/- 4 pmol/l, postprandial 25 +/- 5 pmol/l). The 10 coeliac patients on gluten free diet for five to 20 months had a basal mean plasma enteroglucagon concentration not significantly lower than before treatment (25 +/- 5 pmol/l) but significantly lower postprandial enteroglucagon concentrations than before treatment (40 +/- 7 pmol/l, p less than 0.025). Postprandial plasma enteroglucagon concentration after 90 minutes in untreated patients correlated positively to the faecal fat excretion (r = 0.58, p less than 0.02). It correlated negatively to the urinary five hour D-xylose excretion after an oral load of 165 mmol D-xylose (r = -0.71, p less than 0.01). Thus, the postprandial plasma enteroglucagon concentrations in untreated coeliac disease were related to the degree of malabsorption and they normalised during treatment with a gluten free diet.
Bufalin Is a Steroid Receptor Coactivator Inhibitor—Response
Authors: David M. Lonard, Jianming Xu, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

We would like to thank Calderón-Montaño and colleagues (1) for their letter expressing their opinions about our characterization of bufalin as a potential “proof-of-principle” compound for depleting SRC-3 and killing cancer cells (2). First, the issue of whether bufalin is able to selectively kill cancer cells over nonmalignant cells is raised in this letter, and a recent paper from Clifford and Kaplan (3) is cited as evidence that bufalin preferentially kills nonmalignant cells over cancer cells at high concentrations (>100 nmol/L). However, this study contrasts with numerous other studies that have reported that bufalin can selectively kill cancer cells over normal cells when low nanomolar concentrations are used (4, 5). Furthermore, more than “50 publications” describe the induction of apoptosis as a key mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of bufalin, in contrast with what is implied in the letter by Calderón-Montaño and colleagues (1). This disconnect by the commenter to published data is disconcerting.While immortalized mouse cell lines may be less sensitive to bufalin and other cardiac glycosides than human cell lines, mouse toxicity to bufalin in vivo still limits the dose of bufalin that can be given to animals. Indeed, dose-limiting toxicity forced us to develop a bufalin nanoparticle complex to avoid cardiotoxicity in our mouse xenograft model. We also partly address this concern in the last paragraph of our paper, where we acknowledged the fact that the generally narrow therapeutic window for many cardiac glycosides could limit their use as anticancer agents in humans. In contrast with other cardiac glycosides though, bufalin possesses anticancer properties at concentrations below its maximum tolerated dose in humans. As long as it is tested below this concentration, mouse xenograft models should be appropriate models to test bufalin for its anticancer properties against human cancer cells. In fact, in what other animal model would you ever test human cells other than the “mouse model”—a model that many other laboratories have employed in testing drugs?See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 1156No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Effects of chronic hypertension on vasa vasorum in the thoracic aorta
Authors: M. L MARCUS, D. D HEISTAD, M. L ARMSTRONG, F. M ABBOUD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The outer layers of the thoracic aorta receive substantial blood flow through vasa vasorum within the aortic wall. Flow delivered via these channels is functionally important because medial necrosis occurs when vasa vasorum are ligated. If flow through vasa vasorum is limited in chronic hypertension, this could contribute to medial necrosis and, perhaps, aortic dissection. In these experiments, flow and conductance in vasa vasorum were assessed in twelve awake dogs wth renal hypertension (arterial pressure = 127 ± 4 mmHg [mean ± SE]) and nine normotensive controls (arterial pressure = 100 ± 3 mmHg [P<0.001]). At rest, blood flow delivered via vasa vasorum to the thoracic aorta was similar in hypertensive and normotensive dogs (5.2 ± 0.9 and 4.8 ± 0.4 ml·min-1·100 g-1 respectively). Thus, in hypertensive dogs, conductance of the vasa vasorum decreased to maintain flow constant. During maximal dilatation induced by iv adenosine (4.7 μmol·kg-1 per min) flow delivered via vasa vasorum increased by 100% in both hypertensive and normotensive dogs. Calculations of maximum conductance indicate that vasodilator capacity was decreased by 67% in vasa vasorum of hypertensive dogs. These data suggest that vasodilator capacity of vasa vasorum in the thoracic aorta is limited in chronic hypertension. This abnormality could contribute to the pathogenesis of medial necrosis and aortic dissection in hypertensive patients.
DISH at Merton Priory: evidence for a "new" occupational disease?
Authors: T Waldron
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Although the development of noticeable lines on the face is usually associated with smoking, this is not always so.Although no such persons were encountered during this survey, non-smokers are occasionally encountered with lined faces suggestive of smoker's face.These people tend to be women and although their faces are lined, their complexions are usually sufficiently clear to suggest that in fact they are either non-smokers or past smokers.Apart from being clinically important in the documentation of a patient the fact that smoking can affect the face so profoundly is important because it is so readily appreciated by patients themselves.In my experience many people notice the ravages of smoking for the first time when it is pointed out to them that they can be identified as smokers by their faces alone.Properly explained and perhaps supported by posters bearing photographic examples, the concept of smoker's face might be helpful in antismoking campaigns.I thank Mr Richard Wilkinson, University of Sussex, for statistical advice and help with the manuscript, Mrs M Kinnear for
Young US doctors are satisfied with the present but pessimistic about the future
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Young doctors in the United States are pessimistic about the future of their profession and of healthcare, despite being relatively satisfied with their current situation. The findings were published in a new report by the Physicians Foundation, a charity dedicated to improving the practice of medicine.

The data were gathered in December 2011 from 500 interviews with participants identified by the company Medical Marketing Research. They were chosen to reflect broad categories of practice: primary care physicians (250), medical and surgical office based specialists (175), and hospital based specialists (75).

Respondents had to be 40 years of age or less; the average age was …
Variability in serial CD4 counts and relation to progression of HIV-I infection to AIDS in haemophilic patients. Transfusion Safety Study Group.
Authors: L. M. Aledort, M. W. Hilgartner, M. C. Pike, G. F. Gjerset, M. A. Koerper, E. Y. Lian, J. M. Lusher, J. W. Mosley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the CD4 count and its near term changes relative to progression to AIDS within 30 months and to subsequent CD4 counts. DESIGN--Longitudinal clinical and laboratory study. SETTING--Haemophilia treatment centres in six large American cities. PATIENTS--555 people with congenital clotting disorders who were infected with HIV, initially without AIDS, and seen at follow up for 6-30 months in 1986-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Absolute CD4 counts and incidence of AIDS. RESULTS--Outset CD4 count and age were independently related to progression to AIDS (p less than 0.0001 and p less than 0.005 respectively). Patients with CD4 counts of 0.30-0.49 x 10(9) cells/l had an age adjusted risk of AIDS within 30 months of only 9% that of patients with counts less than 0.20 x 10(9)/l. Children under 10 years old had only 16% of the CD4 adjusted risk of AIDS of people aged greater than or equal to 45 years. Analysis of 149 patients9 CD4 counts at the beginning and end of two successive six month intervals showed an average decrease of 11% in each six months regardless of the outset count (greater than or equal to 0.20 x 10(9)/l). For individual patients the decrease in the second six month period was unaffected by the decrease in the first six month period. CONCLUSIONS--Antiviral treatment of asymptomatic people, particularly children, with CD4 counts greater than or equal to 0.3 x 10(9)/l is questionable if predicted on near term progression to AIDS. Because of individual CD4 count variability and the low rate of progression to AIDS near term declines in individual CD4 counts are a poor index for identifying people who will rapidly progress to AIDS.
Deaths among children in shock treated with fluids were caused by cardiovascular collapse
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A detailed examination of a study which showed that giving fluids to children in shock increased the chances of them dying has found that their deaths were mostly caused by cardiovascular shock.

The Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy (FEAST) trial took place in six centres in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in 2009-2011, and involved more than 3000 children with shock caused by conditions including sepsis and malaria. The trial excluded children with gastroenteritis, burns, and severe malnutrition. All the children were treated for their underlying illness and were …
Obesity and the β cell: lessons from leptin
Authors: Kevin D. Niswender, Mark A. Magnuson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In this issue of the JCI, Morioka et al. report on mice with a whole-pancreas knockout of the leptin receptor that exhibit improved glucose tolerance due to enhanced insulin secretion (see the related article beginning on page 2860). At first glance, their findings are very different from those reported in another recent study in which β cell–specific and hypothalamic knockout of the same gene caused obesity and impaired β cell function. The differences, which are understandable when one considers the body weights of the animals studied, provide new insight into the links among insulin, leptin action, and β cell function.
Porcine pancreas extracellular matrix as a platform for endocrine pancreas bioengineering
Authors: Sayed-Hadi Mirmalek-Sani, Giuseppe Orlando, John P. McQuilling, Rajesh Pareta, David L. Mack, Marcus Salvatori, Alan C. Farney, Robert J. Stratta, Anthony Atala, Emmanuel C. Opara, Shay Soker
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Visfatin: The Link Between Inflammation and Childhood Obesity
Authors: George V.Z. Dedoussis, Alexandra Kapiri, Anastasia Samara, Dimitris Dimitriadis, Daniel Lambert, Michele Pfister, Gerard Siest, Sophie Visvikis-Siest
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Low-grade inflammation that coexists with obesity has mainly been studied in adults, whereas data in children are limited. Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine. It is expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has been shown to exert insulin-mimetic effects (1). Although some studies have addressed its relation to obesity, visfatin's biological roles are largely unknown. Besides expression in adipose tissue, visfatin is also expressed in peripheral blood neutrophils upon stimulation by inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (2).

In light of the rising prevalence of pediatric obesity, it is important to assess the role of visfatin as a predictor of BMI and to unravel its association with inflammation markers. To address this, we measured its …
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibition Broadly Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to Death Receptor– and Drug-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Daniela Opel, Mike-Andrew Westhoff, Ariane Bender, Veit Braun, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Simone Fulda
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The aberrant activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been reported to correlate with adverse clinical outcome in human glioblastoma in vivo. However, the question of how this survival network can be successfully targeted to restore the sensitivity of glioblastoma to apoptosis induction has not yet been answered. Here, we report that inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 broadly sensitizes wild-type and mutant PTEN glioblastoma cells to both death receptor– and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition is not sufficient to restore apoptosis sensitivity. LY294002 significantly enhances apoptosis triggered by tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), agonistic anti-CD95 antibodies, or several anticancer drugs (i.e., doxorubicin, etoposide, and vincristine) in a highly synergistic manner. In addition, LY294002 cooperates with TRAIL or doxorubicin to suppress colony formation, thus also showing a strong effect on long-term survival. Similarly, genetic knockdown of PI3K subunits p110α and/or p110β by RNA interference (RNAi) primes glioblastoma cells for TRAIL- or doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to PI3K inhibition, pharmacologic or genetic blockade of mTOR by RAD001 (everolimus), rapamycin, or RNAi fails to enhance TRAIL- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Analysis of apoptosis pathways reveals that PI3K inhibition acts in concert with TRAIL or doxorubicin to trigger mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, and caspase-dependent apoptosis, which are abolished by the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone. Most importantly, PI3K inhibition by LY294002 sensitizes primary cultured glioblastoma cells obtained from surgical specimens to TRAIL- or chemotherapy-induced cell death. By showing that PI3K inhibition broadly primes glioblastoma cells for apoptosis, our findings provide the rationale for using PI3K inhibitors in combination regimens to enhance TRAIL- or chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6271–80]