tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of rituximab given at 1,000 mg on days 1 and 15 compared to the standard regimen to treat adult immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Matthieu Mahévas, Mikael Ebbo, Sylvain Audia, Bernard Bonnotte, Nicolas Schleinitz, Jean‐Marc Durand, Laurent Chiche, Medhi Khellaf, Philippe Bierling, Françoise Roudot‐Thoraval, Bertrand Godeau, Marc Michel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Rituximab (RTX) is used off-label to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) but the regimen now commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis has not been evaluated in ITP. The aim of this large French multicenter retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two RTX regimens in adult's ITP. The efficacy of two (RTX) regimens: standard therapy of 375 mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks vs. a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) regimen of 1,000 mg on days 1 and 15, to treat ITP was compared. We included adults patients with previously primary ITP treated with RTX instead of treated primary ITP. (CR) was defined as a platelet count >100 × 10(9) /L, and a response (R) by a platelet count of >30 × 10(9) /L with a least a doubling of the baseline value. Of the 107 patients included, 61 (57%) received the standard regimen and 46 (43%) the RA regimen. Baseline characteristics and overall response rates at 3 month (M3) and 12 months (M12) were not significantly different between the groups. At M12, 22/61 patients (36%) treated with the standard regimen and 23/46 (50%) with the RA regimen achieved an overall response (R + CR). The initial pattern of response at M3 was associated with a later pattern of response by M12 in both groups. In multivariate analysis, both a younger age and a low number of previous therapies were associated with a higher likelihood of overall response at M12. Tolerance was good and comparable between the two groups. The RA regimen is an effective and safe alternative to the standard regimen to treat adults with ITP.
The Visit of the Royal Physician
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The 16-year-old son of King Frederik V of Denmark succeeded his father as Christian VII in January 1766. He suffered from delusions, was prone to outbursts of violent behaviour, and exhibited repetitive movements under stress, yet spoke three languages and corresponded with Voltaire, who wrote a well known poem in his honour.

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Per Olov Enquist, trans Tiina Nunnally

Vintage, £6.99, …

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Attending physician abuse
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Have you ever, dear house officer, been a victim of student abuse? Do you carry in your bosom the scars of months of demeaning remarks? If the embers of resentment are still flickering ever so faintly, then here are some confidential hints on how to get back at your attending physician. Try them slowly, like poison, one drop at a time, until you obtain the desired effect.

For openers make sure that the patients on your service or firm are scattered all over the hospital, on as many different floors as possible. Start rounds on the ground floor, preferably in the wing where the elevators have broken down. Make sure it …
Immunology for the Practicing Physician
Authors: Carlos Abramowsky
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The title of this publication is misleading since it tends to suggest that we are dealing with another outline of immunology for those who know nothing about the subject. Actually, the book consists of a series of articles on varied subjects of current clinical or research interest in the expanding field of immunology. These were compiled from a symposium held in Minneapolis in 1976. The various articles are fairly closely knit and interrelated. They include discussions of basic T and B cell interactions and differentiation, with comments on the various subgroups (eg, T-suppressors, helpers). The currently popular topic of immunoregulation by a variety of cells and molecular substances is dealt with in some detail by Dr Gershon. He discusses the T and B subsets as well as various surface antigenic groups. Dr Unanue has an excellent chapter on antigen surface receptors of lymphocytes and interactions of such cells with antigens
Spatial integration in perception and cognition: An empirical approach to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
Authors: Yue Chen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Evidence for a dysfunction in cognitive coordination in schizophrenia is emerging, but it is not specific enough to prove (or disprove) this long-standing hypothesis. Many aspects of the external world are spatially mapped in the brain. A comprehensive internal representation relies on integration of information across space. Focus on spatial integration in the perceptual and cognitive processes will generate empirical data that shed light on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Reliability and Validity of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire
Authors: Maurizio Fava, Dan V. Iosifescu, Paola Pedrelli, Lee Baer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; We have recently developed the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ), a brief scale to measure cognitive and executive dysfunction in mood and anxiety disorders, and we here report on its reliability and validity. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The internal consistency of the CPFQ was assessed by computing Cronbach’s coefficient α based upon the average intercorrelation of the 7 items of the CPFQ in a sample of depressed outpatients and by factor analyzing data from the same sample to confirm that the scale is unifactorial and measuring a single construct. Test-retest reliability of the CPFQ was assessed in a different sample of depressed outpatients by computing Pearson’s correlation coefficient between pretreatment screening scores and pretreatment baseline scores. Sensitivity to change of the CPFQ was assessed by computing the dependent t test for the subjects in the active treatment condition in the second sample of depressed outpatients. Finally, convergent validity for the CPFQ was assessed in two different ways. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; We found that the CPFQ is a unifactorial scale, with strong internal consistency. It has good temporal stability as indicated by high test-retest reliability. The CPFQ was also found to be sensitive to change with treatment and displayed convergent validity by significant correlations with other measures of sleepiness, fatigue, apathy and neuropsychological functioning. Although, as expected, the CPFQ was significantly correlated with a measure of depression, the moderate correlation (r ∼ 0.30) indicates that the CPFQ is measuring a different construct. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; In summary, the CPFQ is a unifactorial scale, with strong internal consistency, good temporal stability and sensitivity to change with treatment. Further studies will be needed to assess the validity and reliability of this instrument in other psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Creative Brainstorms: The Relationship Between Madness and Genius
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

For many years, as a psychiatrist and neurophysiologist, Russell Monroe has been interested in episodic behavioral disorders. Some of these disorders, he believes, are caused by brainstorms: electrical discharges in the limbic system.  Working with Robert Heath at Tulane, he observed the LSD-like effects of electrical stimulation of the limbic system. Once, watching a flower garden while under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug, he excitedly jumped to his feet and exclaimed, My God, a van Gogh painting!  From these experiences he formed a hypothesis: some creative people have brainstorms (sudden inspirations) because of epileptoid activity in the limbic lobe.  The idea that genius and epilepsy are connected has a long history. Reputed epileptic geniuses have included Socrates, Caesar, Byron, Peter the Great, and Alfred Nobel. It is obviously a hard theory to prove. Nevertheless, Monroe has pursued the brainstorm theory tenaciously.  In the book he compares creative people who
Abstract 1226: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
Authors: Yurie Kura, Marco A. De Velasco, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yutaka Yamamoto, Yuji Hatanaka, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Interleukin-6 or IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine which is implicated in the regulation of immune response, but is also involved in regulating the growth of various malignant tumors. Mounting evidence suggests that IL-6 contributes to prostate cancer progression. Activated IL-6 has been shown to be elevated in the sera from patients with metastatic prostate cancer and it appears that the prostate tissue itself is a source of IL-6 and its receptor. Experimental data suggests that the IL-6/IL-6R signaling axis is an autocrine and paracrine growth factor in androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines and can activate a variety of signal transduction cascades, some of which may activate androgen receptor activity. In the present study we examined the role of IL6-induced Stat3 activation in the development and progression of prostate cancer and its possible role as a target for the treatment of prostate cancer using the prostate-specific conditional targeting PTEN knockout mouse model. In PTEN-mutant mice, elevated levels of IL6/IL-6R correlated with increased cellular proliferation in non-castrate and castrate prostate cancer (CRPC). Similar to human prostate cancer, mice with CPRC showed elevated levels of IL-6 and IL6-R in both serum and prostate tissue. To establish a therapeutic role for IL6/IL6R inhibition, we conducted a series of pharmacodynamic studies using an anti-mouse IL-6R antibody (MR-16) in tumor bearing homozygous PTEN-mutant mice. Our data shows that STAT3 activation was inhibited in a dose dependent manner during acute IL6-R blockade. Inhibition of STAT3 activity after chronic IL-6R blockade was transient. However, at day 45 of treatment, tumor cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was induced. These findings show that this mouse model is relevant for the study of Stat3 signaling and tumor progression and inhibition of Stat3 transcriptional activation by upstream signal blockade may be a promising approach for molecularly targeted therapeutic strategies in human prostate cancer. Thus this study will serve as the foundation for future drug intervention studies designed to assess the efficacy of targeting the JAK/STAT signal pathway using targeted monotherapy and combination drug therapy models. Citation Format: Yurie Kura, Marco A. De Velasco, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yutaka Yamamoto, Yuji Hatanaka, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1226. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1226
METHAMINODIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM) IN CHRONIC REFRACTORY ANXIETY
Authors: ALFRED H. VOGT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Methaminodiazepoxide appears to be quite effective in a wide range of mental disorders where severe anxiety is present. In each instance where there was marked or moderate improvement in the study group, the patient became more sociable, conversant, and noticeably less fearful and preoccupied. I am grateful to the Roche Laboratories for supplying the drug used in this study. and to the staff of Warren State Hospital for their participation in this effort.
Successful treatment of severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with adalimumab
Authors: A-L. Chew, A. Bennett, C.H. Smith, J. Barker, B. Kirkham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Adalimumab, a fully human-derived recombinant monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor-α, has been shown to be effective for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. We report two patients with long-standing recalcitrant psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis who, after multiple treatment failures with conventional and experimental antipsoriatic medications, both responded to treatment with adalimumab. Significant clinical improvement was noted in both skin and joint disease in the two patients after several weeks of treatment with adalimumab. We are unaware of previous published reports of adalimumab therapy in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
The Renal Effects of Lower Abdominal Aortic Cross-Clamping
Authors: John H. Foster
Journal: JAMA (1963)

RENAL TUBULAR NECROSIS following prolonged infrarenal aortic cross-clamping has been reported clinically and experimentally. There is disagreement as to the etiology of these renal changes. Canine experimental studies have yielded conflicting results.<sup>1-7</sup>In 1957 Powers, Boba, and Stein reported distal renal tubular necrosis following varying periods of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping in dogs.<sup>7</sup>Following cross-clamping, renal-blood flow (direct measurement) was observed to decrease an average of 32%, and oliguria ensued. If the kidney was protected by denervation of the pedicle or administration of a ganglionic blocking agent trimethaphan (Arfonad) camphorsulfonate, renal-blood flow and urine formation remained normal, and tubular necrosis did not occur. They concluded that in the unprotected animal reflex changes secondary to aortic cross-clamping led to increased renal vascular resistance which in turn resulted in ischemia and tubular necrosis. In 1959 Nanson and Noble reported similar findings in dogs.<sup>6</sup>They found that infrarenal aortic cross-clamping for
Umbelliferognosy: JAMA Doesn't Know Its Daucus From Its Angelica
Authors: Roger W. Pease
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —For years, I have challenged my vision in identifying the out-of-focus flora and fauna in the impressionistic paintings on the covers of JAMA . Miraculously, the foreground of the cover of the Nov 27 issue 1 came into clear focus. However, the diagnostic characteristics of the white-flowered umbellifer are not those of Queen Anne's lace or wild carrot (the name given at the head of the contents page), which is conspecific with the cultivated carrot ( Daucus carota ). Peterson and McKinny's 2  A Field Guide to Wildflowers indicates that each of the compound umbels of Queen Anne's lace should have stiff three-forked bracts at the base. These are clearly missing in the plant in the cover photograph. Also, the older flower heads with seeds ought to curl up into a cuplike bird's nest. If the impressionistic pink blossoms in the background are fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium , an association of white
Laryngotomy and Tracheotomy
Authors: P. Hewett
Journal: BMJ (1849)

of eleven months, I reported to the weekly board the unsatisfactoryconclusion of the experiments we had made.During that period, I am certain that the remedy was fairly tried on a small number of patients.If it had been more fully tried, I might, perhaps, have formed a higher estimate of the influence of galvanism in the cure of disease.But in twenty-three of the recorded cases, there was only one slight case, in which the improvement from the treatment was rapid; and only tlhree others, in which I was satisfied that benefit was slowly derived from it.These three were all cases of paralysis from lead.
Psychophysiological Effects of Self-Regulation Method: EEG Frequency Analysis and Contingent Negative Variations
Authors: Akira Ikemi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the psychophysiological effects of self-regulation method (SRM), a newly developed method of self-control, using EEG frequency analysis and contingent negative variations (CNV). The results of the EEG frequency analysis showed that there is a significant increase in the percentage (power) of the Θ-band and a significant decrease in the percentage (power) of the β-band during SRM. Moreover, the results of an identical experiment conducted on subjects in a drowsy state showed that the changes in EEG frequencies during SRM can be differentiated from those of a drowsy state. Furthermore, experiments using CNV showed that there is a significant reduction of CNV amplitude during SRM. Despite the reduced amplitude during SRM, the number of errors in a task to evoke the CNV was reduced significantly without significant delay of reaction time. When an identical experiment was conducted in a drowsy state, CNV amplitude was reduced significantly, but reaction time and errors increased. From these experiments, the state of vigilance during SRM was discussed as a state of 'relaxed alertness'.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women in the United States. An estimated 104,950 new cases of colon cancer and 40,340 new cases of rectal cancer will occur in the United States in 2005. During the same year, an estimated 56,290 people will die from colon and rectal cancer. Because patients with localized colon cancer have a 90% 5-year survival rate, screening is a critical and particularly effective procedure for colorectal cancer prevention. Screening options include colonoscopy; combined fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy; sigmoidoscopy alone; or double-contrast barium enema. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Demonstration by S-100 protein staining of increased numbers of nerves in the papillary dermis of patients with prurigo nodularis
Authors: Brian Harris, Keith Harris, Neal S. Penneys
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

We hypothesized that hyperplasia of papillary dermal nerves was a constant feature of prurigo nodularis.We tested this hypothesis by examining sections from 25 cases of prurigo nodularis, 25 cases of skin lesions characterized by epidermal hyperplasia without clinical pruritus, and 22 cases of clinically pruritic dermatoses with variable degrees of epidermal response for the presence of papillary dermal nerves.We used a standard immunohistochemical assay with an antibody to S-100 protein as a means of identification of nerves.In 24 of 25 cases of prurigo nodularis, papillary dermal nerves were identified by immunostaining. Cutaneous nerves were present in 1 of 22 cases of epidermal hyperplasia with pruritus and were absent in the papillary dermis in nonpruritic cases.We conclude that hypertrophy of cutaneous papillary dermal nerves is a relatively constant feature of prurigo nodularis. The presence of papillary dermal nerves suggests a neurocutaneous component in the pathogenesis of prurigo nodularis.
Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta with the Aid of the Low Frequency, Critically Damped Ballistocardiograph
Authors: J. L. NICKERSON, G. H. HUMPHREYS, R. A. DETERLING, T. C. FLEMING, J. A. L. MATHERS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Ballistocardiograms taken with the low frequency, critically damped ballistocardiograph on 17 patients having coarctation of the aorta have a characteristic pattern in which the K wave is absent. In the patients in whom the coarctation was surgically removed, the pattern returned toward the normal type with reappearance of the K wave.
Development of mycosis fungoides after bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia: transmission from an allogeneic donor
Authors: C.M.R. Fahy, A. Fortune, F. Quinn, M.E. McMenamin, P.V. Browne, S. Langabeer, S. McCarron, P. Hayden, P. Marren, M. Ni Chonghaile, A.D. Irvine, E. Vandenberghe, L. Barnes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

We report on a patient who developed donor-derived cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) 4 years after successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia with an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. The patient developed an eczematous rash unresponsive to topical therapy and immunosuppression. When CTCL was diagnosed in the recipient, his sibling donor had been attending his local dermatology unit with a maculosquamous rash, which proved subsequently to be mycosis fungoides. An identical pattern of donor and recipient clonality assessment and T-cell receptor gene sequencing indicated that the CTCL was probably transmitted in the bone marrow harvest. This suggests that CTCL cells circulate in the marrow at an early subclinical stage in this disease. This is the second case of donor-derived CTCL reported to date.
NHS research is to focus more on care
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Funding given to NHS trusts for research and development is to become more tightly controlled, with organisations facing pressure to enlist more patients into clinical trials.

From next year NHS funding will be awarded only for applied and practice based research that has a direct focus on people and their health. “We are no longer going to give the NHS money that they can use on their own account,” said Sally Davies, director of NHS research and development at the Department of Health.

She was speaking at a conference at the BMA last week on the crisis in academic medicine, which heard how NHS funding for research–about £500m ($880m; €740m) this year–was often swallowed up by trusts' general budgets.

Professor Davies said the money was also distributed unfairly on an …
Might measuring cord pH in itself affect outcome?
Authors: V. Asfour, S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Malin and colleagues confirmed the expected association between low arterial cord pH and poor outcome.1 However, caution should be applied before encouraging routine blood gas measurement—usually performed after premature cord clamping, <30 s after birth.

There was no indication of cord clamping and neonatal resuscitation practices used in the studies which might plausibly adversely affect, or …
Pyogenic Arthritis Caused by a Total Parenteral Nutrition Line
Authors: Ken Kudsk
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE INCIDENCE of catheter-related sepsis during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can be reduced<sup>1</sup>to 1% to 2% when several principles are observed: (1) aseptic catheter placement by qualified personnel; (2) meticulous line care, with use of antiseptic ointment and an occlusive dressing; and (3) maintenance of an absolutely closed infusion system.<sup>2</sup>Constant surveillance is essential to ensure early diagnosis of TPN-related sepsis, but verification that the central line is the cause of fever is not easy. The majority of patients have ongoing infections, and cultures of most suspected catheters are in fact negative.<sup>3</sup> Aware of these facts, several authors have suggested that catheter removal be delayed 12 to 24 hours after the onset of fever if no obvious cause is found, and even longer if an infectious process can be confirmed and treated. Even when guidelines for line management are carefully observed, physicians must suspect central lines