tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor alpha maintains the viability of murine epidermal Langerhans cells in culture, but in contrast to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, without inducing their functional maturation.
Authors: F Koch, C Heufler, E Kämpgen, D Schneeweiss, G Böck, G Schuler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Freshly isolated murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are weak stimulators of resting T cells but increase their stimulatory capacity 10-30-fold upon 2-3 d of culture together with other epidermal cells. This maturation of LC is mediated by two keratinocyte products. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) maintains viability and increases function. IL-1 alone does not keep LC alive, but when combined with GM-CSF further enhances their stimulatory activity. We have now searched for a cytokine that would keep LC in a viable, but functionally immature state. When LC (enriched to greater than 75%) were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF (2 ng/ml) or murine (TNF-alpha) (plateau effect at 62 U/ml), the recovery of viable LC after 72 h was identical. The LC cultured in murine TNF-alpha, however, were 10-30 times less active in stimulating resting T cells. A series of experiments demonstrated that this phenomenon was not due to the induction of insufficient amounts of GM-CSF, the induction of a suppressor factor, or a toxic effect of TNF-alpha. Interestingly, the observed TNF-alpha activity exhibited a species preference, as human TNF-alpha was not active at comparable doses. We have observed an unexpected effect of TNF-alpha on LC in vitro. Though we found that freshly prepared epidermal cells express TNF-alpha mRNA, further studies are needed to establish whether TNF-alpha plays a role in vivo by keeping resident LC in a viable, but functionally immature state.
PET/CT Staging and Posttherapeutic Monitoring of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare but very aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis and clinical outcome. It is characterized by the onset of a large symptomatic thyroid mass compromising airways and having a high propensity for metastasis at initial presentation and during its accelerated course. The authors present such a case highlighting the contribution of F-18 FDG PET/CT in tumor staging and posttherapeutic evaluation.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of Submandibular Gland Oncocytoma
Authors: Rathan M. Subramaniam, David K. Durnick, Patrick J. Peller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

F-18 FDG PET/CT is used to evaluate head and neck malignancies, including salivary gland tumors. We describe the FDG PET/CT features of a submandibular gland oncocytoma. An 85-year-old patient with small cell cancer of the lung and a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip was evaluated with FDG PET/CT. There was an intensely hypermetabolic left submandibular gland lesion that was suspected for a metastasis. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate of the lesion proved to be a submandibular gland oncocytoma.
The Interrelationships of Pulmonary Surface Tension, Ventilation, and Circulation.
Authors: J. A. Clements
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Interrelationships of Pulmonary Surface Tension, Ventilation, and Circulation.J. A. Clements, M.D.J. A. Clements, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-695_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince it was demonstrated that normal mammalian lungs maintain favorable surface propties by secreting in the terminal air spaces lipoprotein rich in phospholipid, interest has grown in the normal role of such intrinsic surfactant and its possible alterations in pulmonary dysfunction. The presentation consists of four parts: [1] a brief review of experimental evidence proving that surfactant is present in normal lungs and leading to discussion of its effects on mechanical properties of lungs and on ventilation and of effects of exogenous surfactant on these properties, [2] current status of certain surface lesions of the alveolar structure which are thought... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. A. Clements, M.D.Affiliations: San Francisco, Calif. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 695-695KeywordsLesionsLipoproteinsLungsPhospholipids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Necrotizing Pneumonitis Due to the Pseudomonad Eugonic Oxidizer — Group I
Authors: Robert H. Dailey, E. Jack Benner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A PREVIOUSLY healthy young man had a severe, necrotizing pneumonitis caused by the gram-negative bacillus "Eugonic Oxidizer, Group I" (EO-I). To our knowledge, this organism has not been described as a significant pathogen, despite its recovery more than 130 times from clinical specimens submitted to the Communicable Diseases Center.1 Case ReportThis 18-year-old lifetime resident of Oregon had malaise, hectic fever and severe, dry cough after 3 weeks of work cleaning air conditioners in Texas. During the next month he lost 13.6 kg (30 pounds) in weight, and increasing infiltration of the left lung occurred.On admission he was pale, . . .
Prevention of Scar Spread on Trunk Excisions
Authors: Kevin F. Kia, Molly V. Burns, Travis Vandergriff, Sarah Weitzul
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Wounds that heal under tension lead to wider and more conspicuous scars and result in decreased long-term patient satisfaction. We hypothesized that prolonged intradermal suture lifetime can decrease scar spread in wounds under tension.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether prolonged intradermal support would help decrease scar spread.<h3>Design</h3>Prospective, randomized, controlled, rater-blinded, split-scar trial.<h3>Setting</h3>Outpatient dermatology clinic at Dallas Veterans Affairs Hospital, Dallas, Texas.<h3>Patients</h3>Patients presenting with skin cancer on the trunk were considered for the trial. We included 25 distinct surgical sites on a total of 22 patients.<h3>Intervention</h3>After excision, the wounds were closed with polyglactin 910 and poly-4 hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) sutures in opposite halves of the same wound.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Quantitative scar spread at 12 months and qualitative assessment using a visual analog scale and Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale.<h3>Results</h3>We found a statistically significant difference in scar width between the 2 suture materials, with a mean difference of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.0-3.6) mm (P &lt; .001) favoring P4HB. A clinically significant difference on the visual analog and Hollander Wound Evaluation scales was not identified. Suture reactions were more common with P4HB.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Prolonged intradermal suture support leads to significantly decreased scar spread. However, the use of a longer-acting absorbable suture increases the rate of suture reaction noted at 3 months. Further studies into less reactive, longer-acting biomaterials are needed. In clinical practice, excisions in high-tension areas that are classically known to spread over time can benefit from longer-acting intradermal sutures.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00938691
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate
Authors: A.J. Carmichael, K.S. Ryatt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate Get access A.J. Carmichael, A.J. Carmichael The Skin Hospital, 35 George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1PR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.S. Ryatt K.S. Ryatt The Skin Hospital, 35 George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1PR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 2, 1 February 1990, Page 291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08274.x Published: 01 February 1990
von Hippel-Lindau Disease-Associated Hemangioblastomas Are Derived from Embryologic Multipotent Cells
Authors: Deric M Park, Zhengping Zhuang, Ling Chen, Nicholas Szerlip, Irina Maric, Jie Li, Taesung Sohn, Stephanie H Kim, Irina A Lubensky, Alexander O Vortmeyer, Griffin P Rodgers, Edward H Oldfield, Russell R Lonser
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background To determine the origin of the neoplastic cell in central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and its role in tumor formation and distribution, we characterized and differentiated neoplastic cells from hemangioblastomas removed from VHL patients. Methods and Findings A total of 31 CNS hemangioblastomas from 25 VHL patients were resected and analyzed. Tumor cells from the hemangioblastomas were characterized, grown, and differentiated into multiple lineages. Resected hemangioblastomas were located in the cerebellum (11 tumors), brainstem (five tumors), and spinal cord (15 tumors). Consistent with an embryologically derived hemangioblast, the neoplastic cells demonstrated coexpression of the mesodermal markers brachyury, Flk-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor-2), and stem cell leukemia (Scl). The neoplastic cells also expressed hematopoietic stem cell antigens and receptors including CD133, CD34, c-kit, Scl, erythropoietin, and erythropoietin receptor. Under specific microenvironments, neoplastic cells (hemangioblasts) were expanded and differentiated into erythrocytic, granulocytic, and endothelial progenitors. Deletion of the wild-type VHL allele in the hematopoietic and endothelial progeny confirmed their neoplastic origin. Conclusions The neoplastic cell of origin for CNS hemangioblastomas in VHL patients is the mesoderm-derived, embryologically arrested hemangioblast. The hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potential of these cells can be reactivated under suitable conditions. These findings may also explain the unique tissue distribution of tumor involvement.
Cardiac sympathetic denervationmodulates the sympathoexcitatoryresponse to acute myocardial ischemia
Authors: Shuji Joho, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Junya Takagawa, Tomoki Kameyama, Tadakazu Hirai, Takashi Nozawa, Katsumi Umeno, Masashi Shimizu, Hikaru Seto, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Re: Schrier BPh, Laguna MP, van der Pal F, lorna S, Witjes JA. Comparison of Orthotopic Sigmoid and Ileal Neobladders: Continence and Urodynamic Parameters. Eur Urol 2005;47:679–85
Authors: I HOH, J OKRIM, P SHAH, C WOODHOUSE
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Acquired Sensitivity to Streptomycin and P.A.S
Authors: R. J. Cuthbert
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDIBA JOURAL 1205 positioned.Failure is only likely when the saphena is duplicated.Making the probe elastic, as Murphy suggests, would help, especially when it is passed from below upwards, as the late Sir Henry Gray, who introduced the method into Britain, often did.The results of extraction were excellent in 20 soldiers traced five years after operation (Brit.J. Surg., 1921, 8, 486), but subsequent experience has shown that they are perhaps not so good in civilians.The danger of deep thrombosis being caused by overflow into the deep veins, given as a possible reason for the newer method, must be rare in the absence of previous white leg, in which case any treatment other than Unna's semi-rigid method, used hydrostatically over a long period, seems to be contraindicated.The use of the larger salicylate and other injections, which often produoed severe cellulitis, is largely in abeyance.The smaller quinine injection seems to carry no such risk, as the deep vein dilution is large and sudden, and the results are uniform and very good.A disadvantage is that the solution is not guidable by the pain it produces.It was shown (British Medical Journal, 1929, 2, 848) that solutions which produced delayed pain after injection could be easily guided into any desired area affected with varicosity.Until someone with suitable material adjusts the percentage of urethane so as to produce only slight pain on injection we shall have to continue with the more haphazard method and hope that previous ligatures will not direct too large a quantity of the solution into the deep veins.-Iam, etc., London.W 1
A theoretical analysis of the effect of airway smooth muscle load on airway narrowing.
Authors: P T Macklem
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We used published data for the elastic properties of a 2-mm outer-diameter canine bronchus and assumed values for the thickness of the wall components and lung parenchymal shear modulus to estimate the load on airway smooth muscle and its effect on airway narrowing. The following relationships were calculated: (1) luminal and smooth muscle radii of curvature and transmural pressure; (2) the isovolume, transmural pressures developed by the smooth muscle to narrow the lumen at distending pressures of 20, 10, 5, and 2 cm H2O; (3) the equilibrium tension developed by, and thus the load on, the airway smooth muscle as a function of smooth muscle length during isovolume bronchoconstriction. From these calculations a smooth muscle length-tension diagram was drawn allowing the interactions between submucosal thickening, peribronchial thickening, load, and smooth muscle contractility to be analyzed. The analysis indicates that: (1) the load on smooth muscle decreases by more than an order of magnitude between a distending pressure of 20 and 2 cm H2O; (2) increasing smooth muscle contractility has more effect at large rather than at small distending pressures; (3) peribronchial inflammation decreases both load and the slope of the relationship between peribronchial and pleural pressures. Decreases in load may be an important mechanism producing excessive bronchoconstriction in asthma.
P17.17 * INHIBITION OF DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE ABROGATES GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELL RADIORESISTANCE
Authors: R. Carruthers, S. Ahmed, A. J. Chalmers
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

GBM recurrence following radiotherapy is due to a subset of tumour propagating cells with stem like characteristics (cancer stem cells, CSC). CSCs have the ability to recapitulate the tumour of origin whereas the majority of tumour cells (tumour bulk) do not. CSCs in GBM have been reported to exhibit an upregulated DNA damage response (DDR) and a radioresistant phenotype. However, literature and opinion regarding GBM CSC radiosensitivity is conflicting. The prospect of influencing GBM CSC radiosensitivity may provide important clinical benefits, and DDR is an appealing therapeutic target. We examined the radiosensitivity of paired CSC and tumour bulk cultures of primary GBM cell lines. We report that GBM CSC are radioresistant by clonogenic assay, and display upregulation of key DDR elements (PARP-1, pATM, pChk1, pChk2) at baseline and post ionising radiation (IR). GBM CSCs display an enhanced activation of the G2/M checkpoint by FACS analysis. We report a detailed analysis of DSB repair by gamma H2AX foci quantification showing enhanced resolution of DSBs by GBM CSC's at late time points (24 hours post IR). We investigated the effects of inhibition of the key DDR elements ATM, ATR and PARP on GBM CSC radiosensitivity. Inhibition of ATM by KU-55933 provided potent radiosensitisation of GBM CSC's, and reversed the enhanced DSB resolution observed in these populations. However, ATM inhibition only provided partial abrogation of G2/M checkpoint activation in GBM CSC's. Inhibition of ATR by VE-821 provided modest radiosensitisation of CSC's however proved to effectively abrogate G2/M checkpoint responses. The PARP inhibitor olaparib increased DSB burden at 24 hours post IR in GBM CSC's and provided modest radiosensitisation. Given the dependence of GBM CSC's on both proficient G2/M checkpoint activation and DSB repair we combined the checkpoint abrogating qualities of ATR inhibition with the repair deficit produced by PARP inhibition. This combination produced enhanced radiosensitisation of GBM CSC populations. In conclusion we confirm radioresistance of GBM CSC populations using the gold standard, clinically relevant endpoint of clonogenic survival. Strategies which affect both DSB burden at 24 hours post IR and G2/M checkpoint produce enhanced radiosensitisation of GBM CSC's. Our investigations suggest that DDR inhibition is an effective GBM CSC targeted radiosensitisation strategy which may provide important clinical benefits for patients.
AMA Policy Says No to Drug Legalization
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

AFTER her suggestion that drug legalization be reconsidered in this country, the American Medical Association (AMA) sent Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders, MD, a calling card. In response to the House of Delegates' vote at last year's Interim Meeting, AMA Executive Vice President James S. Todd, MD, reminded Elders in a letter last March of the association's stance on legalizing drugs. Specifically, the letter reiterated a policy position stating that the AMA "discourages and condemns illegal drug use and encourages physicians to do all in their power to discourage the use of illegal drugs in their communities and to refuse to assist anyone in obtaining drugs for non-medical use." Todd's letter also noted that the AMA has called for the formulation of a comprehensive national drug policy that recognizes the complexity of drug abuse and prohibits drug legalization. During last year's Interim Meeting, AMA President-elect Robert E. McAfee, MD, said the
Natural unconstrained movements obey rules different from constrained elementary movements
Authors: Michel Desmurget, Yves Rossetti, Claude Prablanc
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The concept of a conservative control strategy minimizing the number of degrees of freedom used is criticised with reference to 3-D simple reaching and grasping experiments. The vector error in a redundant system would not be the prime controlled variable, but rather the posture for reaching, as exemplified by nearly straight displacements in joint space as opposed to curved ones in task space.
Liver stiffness identifies two different patterns of fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: José A. Carrión, Ferran Torres, Gonzalo Crespo, Rosa Miquel, Juan-Carlos García-Valdecasas, Miquel Navasa, Xavier Forns
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Significant liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) and portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥ 6 mmHg) at 1 year after liver transplantation (LT) identify patients with severe hepatitis C recurrence. We evaluated whether repeated liver stiffness measurements (LSM) following LT can discriminate between slow and rapid “fibrosers” (fibrosis stage F2-F4 at 1 year after LT). Eighty-four patients who had undergone LT and who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 19 LT controls who were not infected with HCV underwent LSM at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after LT. All HCV-infected patients underwent liver biopsy 12 months after LT (paired HVPG measurements in 74); 31 (37%) were rapid fibrosers. Median LSM (in kilopascal) at months 6, 9, and 12 were significantly higher in rapid fibrosers (9.9, 9.5, 12.1) than in slow fibrosers (6.9, 7.5, 6.6) ( P &lt; 0.01 all time points). The slope of liver stiffness progression (kPa × month) in rapid fibrosers (0.42) was significantly greater than in slow fibrosers (0.05) ( P &lt; 0.001), suggesting two different speeds of liver fibrosis progression. Figures were almost identical for patients with HVPG ≥ 6 mmHg or HVPG &lt; 6 mmHg at 1 year after LT. Multivariate analysis identified donor age, bilirubin level, and LSM as independent predictors of fibrosis progression and portal hypertension in the estimation group (n = 50) and were validated in a second group of 34 patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve that could identify rapid fibrosers and patients with portal hypertension as early as 6 months after LT were 0.83 and 0.87, respectively, in the estimation group and 0.75 and 0.80, respectively, in the validation group. Conclusion: Early and repeated LSM following hepatitis C recurrence in combination with clinical variables discriminates between rapid and slow fibrosers after LT. (Hepatology 2009.)
Case 36-1962
Authors: Edward Hamlin, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of cough and a mediastinal mass.Six months previously the patient began to have a constant tickle in the throat that led to paroxysms of hacking cough, leaving him weak and with epigastric pain. The cough was occasionally productive of a moderate amount of yellow sputum; no hemoptysis occurred. Two weeks before entry, after a particularly severe paroxysm, his physician noticed inflammation of the throat, persistently dilated, nonpulsatile neck veins and increased substernal dullness. A fluoroscopic examination of the chest revealed a large, nonpulsating substernal mass overriding the . . .
Transient outward K+ current, ito, in the sinoatrial node
Authors: M R Boyett, H Honjo, M Lei, I Kodama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

The transient outward K current, i , is a major current by 4-AP [8][9][10].None of these early reports were a to in the heart.It is responsible for the early phase of systematic study of i in rabbit SA node cells.However, to
Tuberculosis in Dialyzed Patients
Authors: Rajendra P. Pradhan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Five cases of active tuberculosis developed among 136 patients maintained on dialysis for an average period of 1.4 years each. This experience suggests that patients on maintenance dialysis have a greater chance of contracting tuberculous infection. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was difficult because the features of this disease mimicked findings in uremia, and the skin test with purified protein derivative proved unreliable. An awareness of the increased susceptibility of dialysis patients to tuberculosis should lead to the prompt institution of therapy and to the lessening of hazards to other patients and staff. (<i>JAMA</i>229:798-800, 1974)
Pheochromocytoma: Shock Following Resection-Reply
Authors: James D. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> While Dr. Robbins believes that the hypotension which follows resection of a pheochromocytoma may well be due to adrenocortical insufficiency, other correspondents have stressed with equal vigor the possibility of hypovolemia. Of course, upon occasion either of these conditions might exist. Nevertheless, one feels that certain evidence should be cited to support our original hypothesis, namely, that a relative but temporary catechol amine insufficiency is a major factor in permitting the postresectional hypotension observed in many cases. First, we (<i>Ann Surg</i><b>150</b>:679, 1959) and others (Hume,<i>Amer J Surg</i><b>99</b>:458, 1960) have published urinary corticoid values in patients before and following resection of pheochromocytomas. In most instances the values have been within normal limits. Second, the hypotension in the case reported occurred immediately after the venous drainage from the paraganglioma had been clamped, too soon to represent development of the metabolic state of adrenocortical insufficiency;