tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electric Instability of the Heart
Authors: BERNARD L. BROFMAN, DAVID S. LEIGHNINGER, CLAUDE S. BECK
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Normally oxygenated dog hearts and hearts rendered uniformly anoxic exhibit electric stability: there is no difference in resting electric potentials, and spontaneous ventricular fibrillation does not occur. When an area of myocardium is rendered ischemic, the resulting "trigger" may destroy the coordinated mechanism of the heart. A current of oxygen differential is produced across the zone of contact between red and blue myocardium resulting in "electric instability." In the electrically stable, uniformly anoxic heart, perfusion of an area with red blood produces a "reverse trigger" and electric instability. Application of these concepts and therapeutic implications to human coronary disease appears justified.
Hemithoracic Radiotherapy After Extrapleural Pneumonectomy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Dosimetric Comparison of Two Well-Described Techniques
Authors: Christine E. Hill-Kayser, Stephen Avery, Carmen F. Mesina, Paul James, Joseph S. Friedberg, Keith Cengel, Lilie L. Lin, Stephen M. Hahn, Ramesh Rengan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Cellular consequences in the suppression of antibody response by the antigen-specific T-cell factor.
Authors: M Taniguchi, T Tokuhisa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Cellular events mediated by antigen-specific soluble factor extracted from carrier-primed suppressor T cells (TsF) in the suppressive interaction was studied. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific TsF directly acts on KLH-primed, I-J positive, nylon-wool-adherent T cells that have an acceptor site for TsF. The nylon-wool-adherent T cells, after accepting TsF in the presence of specific antigen, generate new suppressor T cells acting as an actual effector cell type. Antigen-specificity and syngeneity at I-J between TsF and acceptor T cells are both required for the induction of new suppressor T cells. Newly induced suppressor T cells, however, suppress both syngeneic and allogeneic responses in an antigen-nonspecific fashion.
819-3 Coronary vascular dysfunction is only partially predicted by traditional cardiovascular risk factors in women undergoing evaluation for suspected ischemia: Results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WISE study
Authors: Timothy R Wessel, Christopher B Arant, Susan P McGorray, C Noel Bairey Merz, George Sopko, William J Rogers, Barry L Sharaf, Steven E Reis, Karen M Smith, Sunil Mankad, Marian Olson, B Delia Johnson, Eileen Handberg, Carl J Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The C/EBPδ tumor suppressor is silenced by hypermethylation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shuchi Agrawal, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Nicola Tidow, Mathias Ehrich, Dirk van den Boom, Steffen Koschmieder, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Hubert Serve, Carsten Müller-Tidow
Journal: Blood (2007)
Four in five asthma deaths may be due to long acting β agonists
Authors: Pat Hagan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Eighty per cent of deaths related to asthma in the United States may be due to the use of long acting β agonists, indicate the results of a meta-analysis of 19 clinical trials.

The results of the review, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine (2006;144; 901-12), have led to calls for the drugs to be withdrawn from the US market.

“We can show that overall it is statistically significant that, compared with patients taking a placebo, these long acting β agonists kill a lot …
Research Policy: How fast flows the brain drain?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The loss of talented researchers abroad is one aspect of the crisis in research that attracts attention from the media and generates much anxiety. It is the feature of the crisis that the man in the street or the politician can best understand. The great man is interviewed just before he boards his plane to California and he bemoans the inability of the government to understand the importance of research, the shortage of funds, the lack of career prospects, and the scientific illiteracy of the mass of Britons. The media then point out that because the great man is leaving his work will be lost to Britain and children may die unnecessarily or Britain will come to lag even further behind in economically important technologies. Five years later the great man will be interviewed again in his log cabin in Colorado, and he will say that from where he sits research prospects in Britain look grimmer than ever. The structure of this story will be familiar to everyone, and a previous article was devoted to the story of one young bright medical researcher who has emigrated to North America (19 March, p 844). But these stories cannot tell us about the scale and the seriousness of the brain drain; thus attempts have been made to measure it?and have proved difficult. Indeed, most have consisted of little more than lumping anecdotes together, and only the most recent study from the Royal Society has looked at both the immigration and emigration of scientists.8 Scientists have always moved around, and disgruntled researchers who are about to emigrate should be easy to find?and they stick in the memory. But scientists can also be found who are coming to Britain, particularly from Third World countries, and maybe the efflux is not much greater than the influx.
A date with the doctor
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

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In my final week of medical school in the summer of 1983 we had a lecture from the medical defence societies that was timetabled as “compulsory.” Among the many solemn warnings given was this: never, under any circumstances, become romantically involved with a patient, and to that end, never agree to meet a patient socially. This advice was peppered with memorable if somewhat far fetched examples of members of the profession who had failed to heed it and attracted assault, allegations of impropriety, or, most poignantly, a nasty dose of the disease that had been the patient's presenting complaint.

We all thought the advice …

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HB-EGF is a paracrine growth stimulator for early tumor prestages in inflammation-associated hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Sandra Sagmeister, Claudia Drucker, Annemarie Losert, Michael Grusch, Anahita Daryabeigi, Wolfram Parzefall, Nataliya Rohr-Udilova, Christoph Bichler, Bård Smedsrød, Daniela Kandioler, Thomas Grünberger, Fritz Wrba, Rolf Schulte-Hermann, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Control of hepatitis B virus among alaskan natives
Authors: Mark A. Kane
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

In 1983, a comprehensive programme was introduced to halt the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to reduce mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Alaskan Natives, in whom the incidence of HBV infection was high. This programme includes: serological screening of all Alaskan Natives; immunization of susceptible persons, including all newborn babies, with hepatitis B vaccine; and testing HBsAg-positive carriers twice a year for α-fetoprotein (AFP) to detect HCC at an early stage. By October, 1986, over 53,000 Alaskan Natives (84% of the total Native population) had been tested for HBV serological markers and 80% of the identified susceptibles had been or were being vaccinated against HBV. After complete immunization of 90% of the susceptibles in the area with the highest infection rates in Alaska, the annual incidence of acute symptomatic HBV infection decreased from 215 to 14 cases per 100,000 population. After the introduction of AFP screening, the 1-year-case-fatality rate for HCC fell from 100% to 50%.
Occupational allergy caused by flowers
Authors: N. W. de Jong, A. M. Vermeulen, R. Gerth van Wijk, H. de Groot
Journal: Allergy (1998)

We describe 14 consecutive patients with complaints due to the handling of flowers. The symptoms varied from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma to urticaria. Most patients had professions in the flower industry. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed with home‐made pollen extracts from 17 different flowers known to be the most commonly grown and sold in The Netherlands. RAST against mugwort, chrysanthemum, and solidago was performed. The diagnosis of atopy against flowers was based on work‐related symptoms due to the handling of flowers, positive SPT with flower extracts, and positive RAST The concordance between SPT and case history was 74%, and that between SPT and RAST was 77% Extensive crosssensitization was seen to pollen of several members of the Compositae family (e.g., Matricaria. chrysanthemum, solidago) and to pollen of the Amaryllidaceae family (Alstroemeria and Narcissus). Homemade flower extracts can be used to confirm IgE‐mediated flower allergy. Mugwort can be used as a screening test for possible flower allergy. For most patients, the allergy led to a change of profession.
Religious challenge by shareholder actions: changing the behaviour of tobacco companies and their allies
Authors: M. H Crosby
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Many religious groups refuse to own so-called “sin” stocks in companies associated with alcohol, gambling, or tobacco because they believe they are harmful and can be addictive. A coalition of religious institutions without such portfolio exclusions (“screens”) has developed a strategy for dealing with the tobacco industry and its allies by using their stock to challenge issues through shareholder resolutions.

In 1972 the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility was established in New York. It now comprises a coalition of around 300 Protestant, Jewish, and Catholic institutional investors who use their investments to challenge companies on various social issues. Since 1980, members of the coalition have tried to persuade tobacco companies to limit the yields of tar and nicotine in cigarettes sold in developing countries and to add health warnings on their packaging. In the past 10 years, however, the coalition has addressed other issues associated with tobacco, including spinning off a company's tobacco related business, cigarette smuggling, carcinogens, and advertising (for example, the campaign to promote cigarettes with a cartoon character called “Joe Camel”). The coalition has also challenged companies contributing filters or glue for tobacco products, media companies with cigarette advertisements in magazines with a high youth readership, restaurant chains that are not yet smoke free, and health institutions giving preferential rates to non-smokers but which hold tobacco in their portfolios.

Although the coalition has had slight success among tobacco companies, it has had most impact on the behaviour of corporations involved discreetly in tobacco. Until challenged, these corporations were quietly benefitting from their part in the tobacco industry.

This article discusses the efforts of the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility in the United States. It also briefly reviews the various positions on tobacco by religious denominations and shows how they have used stocks to try to bring about …
Patients' knowledge of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate.
Authors: G. R. Bailie, E. A. Kay
Journal: BMJ (1988)

There was no apparent failure of the humoralresponse to malaria associated with infection withHIV, but as weobserved only patients aged 12 andaboveastudyoftheacquisitionofimmunityininfantspositive and negative for HIVantibody might be ofinterest, as would a study in patients with terminalAIDS. Twenty patients had symptoms suggestive ofmalaria but gave negative results for parasites and
Abstract 3283: Conditional Low-molecular-weight (LMW) cyclin E-induced mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Said Akli, Carolyn S. Van Pelt, Liu Wenbin, Khandan Keyomarsi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cyclin E overexpression and generation of hyperactive LMW cyclin E is oncogenic and has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. We have developed a doxycycline-inducible LMW cyclin E transgenic mouse model to determine the dependence of established mammary adenocarcinomas on continued expression of LMW cyclin E. Mice harboring this TetO-LMW-E transgene, referred to as TLMW, were mated to MMTV-rtTA transgenic mice (MTB) to yield bitransgenic MTB/TLMW mice. Morphological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed that the mammary glands of induced MTB/TLMW mice following four days of doxycycline induction were hyperplastic compared with uninduced MTB/ TLMW animals. Consistent with this, immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for BrdU revealed a 2-fold increase in BrdU incorporation in the mammary epithelium of induced bitransgenic females compared with uninduced mice (17.1+/−5.3% versus 30.9+/−4.9%, P=0.03). This data indicate that LMW cyclin E overexpression in the mammary epithelium increased proliferation. To determine whether sustained induction of transgene expression would result in mammary tumorigenesis in MTB/TLMW mice, a cohort of 27 bitransgenic females was treated with doxycycline beginning at 6 weeks of age. 41% of these mice developed tumors within 2 years of starting doxycycline with kinetics (T1/2= 20 months) resembling that described for MMTV-LMW cyclin E mice. Similarly, the predominant type of tumor observed for the inducible LMW forms was glandular adenocarcinomas with adenosquamous differentiation. Lung metastases are known to arise in a fraction of MMTV-LMW cyclin E transgenic mice harboring primary mammary tumors. Accordingly, we sacrificed a subset of mammary tumor bearing MTB/TLMW mice and examined organs at necropsy for evidence of metastatic spread. 4 of 7 mice examined had lung metastasizes (57%). Control mice without dox never developed mammary tumors. To shed further light on the molecular mechanisms of mammary tumorigenesis caused by LMW-E expression, we conducted DNA microarray analyses. Using the R package limma, 641 probes out of 30,854 probes were identified as differentially regulated by at least 2-fold by LMW-E in the tumors when compared to the contralateral mammary glands. Gene Ontology analysis identified genes on this list that were involved in a variety of processes, including cell cycle control of chromosome replication, and DNA methylation and transcriptional repression signaling. Based on histology and gene expression profile of the resultant mammary tumors, we propose that the MTB/TLMW is a murine model of breast cancer resembling the human invasive basal/triple negative breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3283. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3283
Another Possible Teratogen?
Authors: John D. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Kopelman et al (p 62) report the second case in which congenital limb abnormalities occurred in an infant whose mother had received haloperidol (Haldol) between the 25th and 37th days of gestation. Although normal infants are known to have been born after mothers took this drug during the first trimester, the authors note that evidence is obscure as to whether the ingestion occurred during this critical period of limb development.  In both instances, the women received other drugs, thus making a causal relationship to haloperidol even more speculative than it might otherwise have been. However, the authors review the European literature, in which numerous adverse effects on animal fetuses have been reported from haloperidol with variation between species and according to time of administration. It is now well known that studies on teratogenesis in animals cannot be extrapolated reliably to the human. Nevertheless, this
Change in regional cartilage morphology and joint space width in osteoarthritis participants versus healthy controls: a multicentre study using 3.0 Tesla MRI and Lyon–Schuss radiography
Authors: M-P Hellio Le Graverand, R J Buck, B T Wyman, E Vignon, S A Mazzuca, K D Brandt, M Piperno, H C Charles, M Hudelmaier, D J Hunter, C Jackson, V Byers Kraus, T M Link, S Majumdar, P V Prasad, T J Schnitzer, A Vaz, W Wirth, F Eckstein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Objective: Cartilage morphology displays sensitivity to change in osteoarthritis (OA) with quantitative MRI (qMRI). However, (sub)regional cartilage thickness change at 3.0 Tesla (T) has not been directly compared with radiographic progression of joint space narrowing in OA participants and non-arthritic controls. Methods: A total of 145 women were imaged at 7 clinical centres: 86 were non-obese and asymptomatic without radiographic OA and 55 were obese with symptomatic and radiographic OA (27 Kellgren–Lawrence grade (KLG)2 and 28 KLG3). Lyon–Schuss (LS) and fixed flexion (FF) radiographs were obtained at baseline, 12 and 24 months, and coronal spoiled gradient echo MRI sequences at 3.0 T at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. (Sub)regional, femorotibial cartilage thickness and minimum joint space width (mJSW) in the medial femorotibial compartment were measured and the standardised response means (SRMs) determined. Results: At 6 months, qMRI demonstrated a −3.7% “annualised” change in cartilage thickness (SRM −0.33) in the central medial femorotibial compartment (cMFTC) of KLG3 subjects, but no change in KLG2 subjects. The SRM for mJSW in 12-month LS/FF radiographs of KLG3 participants was −0.68/−0.13 and at 24 months was −0.62/−0.20. The SRM for cMFTC changes measured with qMRI was −0.32 (12 months; −2.0%) and −0.48 (24 months; −2.2%), respectively. Conclusions: qMRI and LS radiography detected significant change in KLG3 participants at high risk of progression, but not in KLG2 participants, and only small changes in controls. At 12 and 24 months, LS displayed greater, and FF less, sensitivity to change in KLG3 participants than qMRI.
Endarteriectomy for Chronic Endarteritis
Authors: D. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MBjoMu9NAL9aspiration bronchitis and pneumonia, possibly due to the mineral oil content alone.Harrison quotes Cameron et al. (1939), who investigated the toxicity of lethane 384 in animals.They concluded that the M.L.D. was between 0.Q25 and 0.2 ml. per kg. of body weight, jand that death was probably due to respiratory failure of central nervous origin.Neurological symptoms in our case con- sisted of drowsiness, irritability for nearly two weeks, together with meningism lasting one day.There was no evidence of damage to the liver or kidneys.My grateful thanks are due to Dr. F. Pierce Hudson for advice in the treatment and help in preparing this report.
Allergen and Endotoxin Exposure, Infection, and Breastfeeding in Early Life, and Recurrent Wheezing in Children: 30-month Follow-up of a Cohort Study
Authors: V RULLO, L ARRUDA, V VALENTE, A ZAMPOLO, M CARDOSO, F NOBREGA, C LASCALA, L OLIVEIRA, C NASPITZ, D SOLE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Diastrophic Dwarfism
Authors: Raj K. Sharma
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A case study details the clinical, biochemical, and roentgenographic findings in a diastrophic dwarf. The clinical findings were scoliosis and lordosis of the spine, club feet, cleft palate, dysplastic hips, and flexion contractures of knee joints and short extremities. Biochemical abnormalities observed were high cholesterol level, abnormal glucose tolerance, low growth hormone levels, and abnormal excretion of xanthurenic and kynurenic acids following tryptophan loading.
Relationship between Funding Source and Conclusion among Nutrition-Related Scientific Articles
Authors: Lenard I Lesser, Cara B Ebbeling, Merrill Goozner, David Wypij, David S Ludwig
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Industrial support of biomedical research may bias scientific conclusions, as demonstrated by recent analyses of pharmaceutical studies. However, this issue has not been systematically examined in the area of nutrition research. The purpose of this study is to characterize financial sponsorship of scientific articles addressing the health effects of three commonly consumed beverages, and to determine how sponsorship affects published conclusions.Medline searches of worldwide literature were used to identify three article types (interventional studies, observational studies, and scientific reviews) about soft drinks, juice, and milk published between 1 January, 1999 and 31 December, 2003. Financial sponsorship and article conclusions were classified by independent groups of coinvestigators. The relationship between sponsorship and conclusions was explored by exact tests and regression analyses, controlling for covariates. 206 articles were included in the study, of which 111 declared financial sponsorship. Of these, 22% had all industry funding, 47% had no industry funding, and 32% had mixed funding. Funding source was significantly related to conclusions when considering all article types (p = 0.037). For interventional studies, the proportion with unfavorable conclusions was 0% for all industry funding versus 37% for no industry funding (p = 0.009). The odds ratio of a favorable versus unfavorable conclusion was 7.61 (95% confidence interval 1.27 to 45.73), comparing articles with all industry funding to no industry funding.Industry funding of nutrition-related scientific articles may bias conclusions in favor of sponsors' products, with potentially significant implications for public health.
MiR-26a Inhibits Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Repression of EZH2
Authors: Juan Lu, Ming-Liang He, Lu Wang, Ying Chen, Xiong Liu, Qi Dong, Yang-Chao Chen, Ying Peng, Kai-Tai Yao, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Xiang-Ping Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Several microRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive and metastatic cancer that is widely prevalent in southern China. In this study, we report that microRNA miR-26a is commonly downregulated in NPC specimens and NPC cell lines with important functional consequences. Ectopic expression of miR-26a dramatically suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation by inducing G(1)-phase cell-cycle arrest. We found that miR-26a strongly reduced the expression of EZH2 oncogene in NPC cells. Similar to the restoring miR-26 expression, EZH2 downregulation inhibited cell growth and cell-cycle progression, whereas EZH2 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-26a. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-26a suppressed the expression of c-myc, the cyclin D3 and E2, and the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4 and CDK6 while enhancing the expression of CDK inhibitors p14(ARF) and p21(CIP1) in an EZH2-dependent manner. Interestingly, cyclin D2 was regulated by miR-26a but not by EZH2, revealing cyclin D2 as another direct yet mechanistically distinct target of miR-26a. In clinical specimens, EZH2 was widely overexpressed and its mRNA levels were inversely correlated with miR-26a expression. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-26a functions as a growth-suppressive miRNA in NPC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing EZH2 expression.