tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiation between glioma and radiation necrosis using molecular magnetic resonance imaging of endogenous proteins and peptides
Authors: Jinyuan Zhou, Erik Tryggestad, Zhibo Wen, Bachchu Lal, Tingting Zhou, Rachel Grossman, Silun Wang, Kun Yan, De-Xue Fu, Eric Ford, Betty Tyler, Jaishri Blakeley, John Laterra, Peter C M van Zijl
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Sick Kids Find Help in a Cyberspace World
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

YOUNGSTERS at four hospitals scattered across the country recently "met" with a movie mogul and a four-star general to roam a computer-generated world of tropical rain forests, caves with hidden passages, and other inviting destinations— a virtual playground that its developers hope will diminish the pain, anxieties, and isolation of children hospitalized due to serious and chronic illness. The occasion was a demonstration of the multimillion-dollar Starbright World network, during which young patients at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, NY, visited with movie director Steven Spielberg, General H. Norman Schwarzkopf (ret), and children from three other hospitals participating in the linkup. Spielberg, director of such films as "Jurassic Park," "Schindler's List," and "E.T. The Extraterrestrial," heads the foundation that is creating and financing the multimedia network. Schwarzkopf is leading the nationwide capital campaign to finance it. Mount Sinai and the other three hospitals participating in the network— Children's
More Expertise Needed in Death Investigations
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE SCIENCE of death investigation is hardly for amateurs. Yet in one Georgia county, the coroner is a bus driver. South Carolina has had two blind coroners. "Higher qualifications are needed since errors too frequently are made by coroners," said Kim Collins, MD, a forensic fellow at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Throughout the country, Collins told an audience during the annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS), the structure and quality of death investigation systems remains uneven. But she focused on South Carolina, one of 17 states with a dual coroner-medical examiner system. Each of the state's 46 counties has a coroner, but the two largest—Charleston and Greenville—also have medical examiners. Elsewhere, 11 states use only coroners while 22 states and the District of Columbia rely strictly on medical examiners. Medical examiners are physicians while coroners often are not. Last year, Collins said South
STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES
Authors: William L. Fleming
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Tetanolysin and tetanospasmin possess in common the immunological properties of the group of "antitoxinogens." Both of them are contained in undeteriorated culture fluids of the tetanus bacillus, but each of them represents a distinct and separate antigenic substance. Experimental data illustrating points of difference in their properties are presented in this paper.
Appointment systems in general practice. Do patients like them, and how do they affect work load?
Authors: J. S. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

There seems to me no doubt that all patients will soon expect to be able to consult their family doctor by appointment.Recent propanganda in both lay and medical press has conditioned a more sophisticated public to expect this service, and I am certain that 10 years from now appointment systems in general practice will be the rule rather than the exception.Indeed, doctors who do not offer appointments may find it difficult to attract new patients.Much has been said for and against appointment systems, but in the end only two questions need be answered to settle the issue either way: (1) Does the patient wish to use appointments ?(2) Does the doctor wish to offer them ?I have now used appointments for four years.After nine months I doubted whether the patient wished this service.After two years I doubted if it was any real benefit to the doctor.Now I am certain that, properly used, appointments can be a boon to both.The purpose of this paper is to explain how my doubts were quelled.Analysis of the results showed that there was overwhelming support for the appointments system, 595 (86.4%) being in favour of the continuation of appointments.The complete analysis and the sex difference are shown in Table I.Ca-ne and Dell (1965), in a London practice, circulated 100 of their patients to test their reaction to newly introduced appointments, and found 84 % of those answering were happy with them.Dean et al. (1965), in Birmingham, after questioning 634 of their patients consecutively in the surgery and at visits, report a much higher proportion (98 %) of contented customers.TABLE I.-Analysis of Antwers to the Question, "Would You Like the Appointments System to be Continued, Stopped, or Don't Care?" Female Male Total Continue appointments 324 k38-3%, 271 (90-0%) 595 (86-4%) Stop appointments .. 42 (10-8°) 17 (5-7%)
LEUCOPLAKIA—PSORIASIS—LUPUS VULGARIS.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our friends of the local committee have done me the honor of requesting a few words upon several patients whom they have brought before this Section. <h3>LEUCOPLAKIA.</h3> The first is an example of a rather rare affection. This man, 41 years of age, has white patches upon each lateral half of the tongue. The lesions occupy the larger part of the anterior half of the organ and occur in no other situation. They have been present for years. They occasion no suffering in general, but smart when hot, sour or highly seasoned food is eaten. The man declares his health to be good, but he has a heavily coated tongue, his bowels are habitually constipated, his appetite is capricious, he is troubled by flatulence and often experiences torpor after a meal. He is a victim, in other words, of chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh. There is no disorder of heart, lungs or
Letter: Pregnancy in adolescence.
Authors: J M Lomax-Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The very fit man had the highest rise, from 0 9 to 10 9 ,ug/I.In contrast, the level in the older Greek runner remained virtually un- changed (0-8 and 1-0 ,g/l).Our investigation confirms the significant rise of plasma GH previously reported after physical exercise.'-3This work is one of a series of studies on the effects of physical exercise on plasma hormones and muscular metabolism.We hope to find tests to distinguish in advance between men who are fit enough to run the marathon and those for whom it may be dangerous.4That such tests may be necessary has already been demonstrated by the case of Philippides, the dispatch-runner who died on arrival at Athens after the Battle of Marathon on 22 September 490 BC.
The preregistration year.
Authors: S Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Photosynthetic dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with corals (family Symbiodiniaceae) are fundamental for the survival of coral reef ecosystems. During coral bleaching events, it is assumed that these symbionts remain available in the water column, in sediments, or are seeded from unbleached coral colonies. Yet, this hypothesis has not been verified and it remains unclear whether some diversity of Symbiodiniaceae may be lost in the process. Culture methods have been developed for some Symbiodiniaceae, but for the vast majority of these photosynthetic symbionts, known culture methods are not successful at maintaining them for extensive periods. For these unculturable symbionts, cryopreservation, which places cells and tissues in suspended animation for days to decades, offers the best hope for saving the biodiversity of these crucial coral partners. Some cryopreservation processes use slow freezing, but if the cells are sensitive to low temperatures, as is the case for Symbiodiniaceae, then rapid freezing, called vitrification, is needed. We here, tested two published vitrification protocols that had been designed for algal symbionts extracted from Hawaiian corals, but we were unable to recover living symbionts after vitrification and warming. Therefore, we report a successful optimisation of the former vitrification protocols, which we tested on algal symbionts freshly extracted from three Hawaiian coral species, the development of ultra-rapid laser-warming cryopreservation techniques for symbionts, and banking procedures for algal symbionts. We also present some successful uptake of cryopreserved algal symbionts by coral larvae, although at a low rate. It is unclear why the former vitrification protocols failed but we propose that it may have been related to thermal stress and bleaching events that occurred on several occasions throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Maintenance of biodiversity is essential for sustaining functional, productive ecosystems with the adaptability to effectively recover from disturbances. By successfully cryopreserving and banking coral symbionts, we provide a critically needed component for securing Symbiodiniaceae biodiversity into the future.
Influence of HbS levels upon the hematological and clinical characteristics of sickle cell trait
Authors: Alan P. Kennedy, David A. Walsh, Rosie Nicholson, Junius G. Adams, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract The variable concentration of HbS in individuals with sickle cell trait led us to study the relationship between HbS level and selected vascular events in 355 hospitalized black men with sickle cell trait. There were significant differences in hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume found in four groups divided by their HbS level, the lowest proportion of HbS (&lt;30%) being associated with the lowest hemoglobin concentration (12.6 g/dl) and MCV (77 fl). The percent HbS did not influence the incidence of pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, or idiopathic hematuria. Our results suggest that HbS level does not influence vascular disease, and while certain hematological alterations occur, they are very unlikely to have any clinical significance. Regardless of the proportion of HbS, sickle cell trait in black men is benign.
WHO dispatches H1N1 vaccines to priority group of 35 poorer nations
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Population health interventions (PHIs) are generally complex; their results depend on their interaction with the context of their implementation. Moreover, the distinction between intervention and context is arbitrary: we need rather to consider an ‘interventional system’, including both interventional and contextual components. Evaluation must go beyond effectiveness and must include two key research questions: a viability analysis, to verify that the intervention can be routinised in a real-life context; and a theory-based evaluation, to analyse mechanisms and to understand what produces effects among components and their interactions with each other and with the context. PHI research is a question not only of the object but also of perspectives. This means doing research differently, making use of interdisciplinarity and involving stakeholders. Such an approach may contribute to the development, transfer, implementation and scaling-up of innovative interventions.
Tonic Chemoreflex Activation Does Not Contribute to Elevated Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Heart Failure
Authors: Philippe van de Borne, Ron Oren, Erling A. Anderson, Allyn L. Mark, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Sympathetic activation in heart failure may be due to an increase in sympathetic excitatory influences or to a decrease in inhibitory signals to the brain stem. Chemoreflex sensitivity may be increased in patients with heart failure. The present study tested the hypothesis that tonic activation of excitatory chemoreceptor afferents contributes to the elevated sympathetic activity in heart failure. Methods and Results We recorded sympathetic nerve activity to muscle circulation from the peroneal nerve of 12 chronic heart failure patients while the patients were breathing room air and during deactivation of the chemoreceptors while the patients were breathing a 100% O 2 gas mixture. All patients except 2 were in class III of the New York Heart Association functional classification. Left ventricular ejection fraction defined by radionuclide ventriculography was 24±2% (mean±SE). We also obtained measurements of resting sympathetic nerve activity in 9 healthy control subjects to document that sympathetic nerve activity was elevated in heart failure subjects. Resting sympathetic nerve activity was 59±5 bursts/min in heart failure patients versus 36±4 bursts/min in control subjects ( P &lt;.01). In heart failure patients, oxygen administration increased oxygen saturation from 94±0.9% to 99±0.3% ( P &lt;.0001). This increase in oxygen saturation did not affect resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (798±122 U/min while patients breathed room air and 824±35 U/min during 100% O 2 breathing) or blood pressure. Conclusions Increased efferent sympathetic activity to muscle circulation in patients with heart failure is not explained by tonic activation of excitatory chemoreflex afferents.
Do intranasal corticosteroids affect childhood growth?
Authors: D. B. Allen
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Topical intranasal corticosteroids (INS) are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis and are being increasingly prescribed to children. Due to the potent inhibition of childhood growth seen with oral corticosteroids, it is important to examine whether INS could have similar effects. The evidence available suggests that some INS, such as beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), may slow growth when used regularly for prolonged periods. However, newer INS such as fluticasone propionate (FP) and mometasone furoate, which have substantially reduced bioavailability via gastrointestinal absorption, are unlikely to do so. Well‐designed prospective studies are needed to distinguish those INS with reduced or absent effects on growth. In practice, choosing an INS which optimises the ratio of therapeutic effect to systemic bioavailability will probably reduce the risk of growth suppression to a negligible level.
Expression of ?-fetoprotein and albumin genes in human hepatocellular carcinomas: Limitations in the application of the genes for targeting human hepatocellular carcinoma in gene therapy
Authors: Souhei Ohguchi, Harushige Nakatsukasa, Toshihiro Higashi, Kozo Ashida, Kazuhiro Nouso, Masahiko Ishizaki, Naoki Hino, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Shuji Uematsu, Takao Tsuji
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

For an approach of gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), transcriptional regulatory sequence (TRS) of either α-fetoprotein (AFP) or albumin has been used for targeting cancer cells. To examine the feasibility of using TRSs of these genes for possible gene therapy of HCCs, the cellular distribution of AFP and albumin gene transcripts was studied in 25 cases of surgically removed human HCCs. AFP gene expression was observed in HCC nodules of 13 cases. The expression in HCC was heterogeneous, and the distribution of the transcripts was mostly sparse and spotty. The higher the serum AFP levels, the larger population of the AFP-expressing HCC cells tended to reflect. In noncancerous liver, a slight AFP expression was found by Northern blot analysis, but the transcripts were not detected in the liver sections. In contrast, albumin expression was found in all HCCs as well as in noncancerous hepatocytes. In HCC, the transcripts for albumin were distributed in cancer cells, and the expression varied with nodules. There were more albumin-expressing cancer cells than the AFP-expressing cells. Albumin expression was retained even in poorly differentiated HCC, although the intensity of the signal was not as strong as in more-differentiated HCCs. Metastatic HCC nodules revealed transcripts for both AFP and albumin genes, and those were clearly recognized in the lung tissue. These results suggest that, for gene therapy for HCCs, neither AFP nor albumin are ideal options for targeting HCC cells. AFP-TRS may be used as a transcriptional regulator in selected cases in which AFP gene expression is observed in the cancer nodules. The serum AFP level appears to be an important indicator in selecting cases. Albumin-TRS in conjunction with retroviral vector might be used in limited cases such as HCCs with no AFP expression. However, careful consideration must be taken, because albumin is constitutively expressed in normal hepatocytes, and AFP-expressing nonmalignant progenitor cells possibly exist.
HIV disease progression despite suppression of viral replication is associated with exhaustion of lymphopoiesis
Authors: Delphine Sauce, Martin Larsen, Solène Fastenackels, Michèle Pauchard, Hocine Ait-Mohand, Luminita Schneider, Amélie Guihot, Faroudy Boufassa, John Zaunders, Malika Iguertsira, Michelle Bailey, Guy Gorochov, Claudine Duvivier, Guislaine Carcelain, Anthony D. Kelleher, Anne Simon, Laurence Meyer, Dominique Costagliola, Steven G. Deeks, Olivier Lambotte, Brigitte Autran, Peter W. Hunt, Christine Katlama, Victor Appay
Journal: Blood (2011)
Is Body Fat Topography a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer?
Authors: Jeanne A. Petrek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine whether body fat distribution is associated with the onset of breast cancer. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Patients: Three hundred thirteen healthy, white women, born in the United States. Measurements: Waist and hip circumferences were measured on the day before diagnostic breast surgery, and an extensive risk assessment of clinical and family history data was done. After the results of diagnostic breast surgery were obtained, study participants were divided into three groups: women with breast cancer (n = 156); controls (n = 126) with benign tissue at biopsy and an average risk for breast cancer; and high-risk women (n = 31), defined as being at a risk for breast cancer development of 1% per year, based on rigorous histologic or clinical criteria. Results: The waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) were identical (mean ±SD) in case patients (0.80 ± 0.06), controls (0.80 ± 0.06), and high-risk women (0.80 ± 0.08). Further, no trend could be detected between increasing WHR and breast cancer risk; the estimated relative risk for cancer incidence in women with WHR ≥ 0.81 was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.36 to 1.71), compared with women with WHR of less than 0.73. No difference in WHR was noted between the case patients and controls when analyzed separately according to menopausal status, age, absolute weight, or relative weight. Conclusion: In the women studied, body fat topography as defined by WHR was not associated with breast cancer development.
Study of the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in a Community Hospital
Authors: Wei-Ping Loh, Russell B. Street
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

NUMEROUS investigators1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 have described the development of bacterial resistance after widespread use of various antimicrobial agents. However, concrete reports concerning the extent of their use in different parts of the world are still lacking. An analysis of the use of antimicrobial agents in a 304-bed community hospital in the New England area is herewith presented.Material and ResultsThe records of all patients discharged from the hospital during September, 1953, were reviewed. The total number of cases was 774, including 143 newborn infants and 173 obstetric cases (143 delivered, 14 abortions and 16 undelivered). Three hundred and twenty-five, or 42 . . .
C: Because Cowards Get Cancer Too . . .
Authors: P. M. Ellery
Journal: BMJ (2012)

“Tell anyone that you have cancer and what they’ll hear is that you’re about to die. Why would they not? It’s what you heard when you got the diagnosis, after all.” These words are now over 10 years old, but John Diamond’s account of medicine’s most feared illness remains as fresh, insightful, and poignant as when it was first published. A British journalist and broadcaster, he was diagnosed with cancer of the throat in 1997, and used his weekly column in the Times newspaper to chronicle the course of his illness. This is the book that arose from these efforts. It is more than simply a journal: Diamond tells his story interwoven with vignettes …
Colleagues call for doctor acquitted of bomb plots to be released from custody
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Colleagues of a doctor who was cleared of any involvement in terrorist activities in the United Kingdom have called for him to be released from custody while he waits for a decision on whether he will be deported.

Mohammed Asha, a neurologist from Jordan, was arrested on 30 June 2007 after attempted car bomb attacks in London on 29 June and at Glasgow airport a day later.

At the time of his arrest Dr Asha was working for the University Hospital of North Staffordshire in Stoke-on-Trent and was due to take up a post in neurosurgery at Walsgrave Hospital in …
Successful Treatment of Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis, a Novel Phenotype for Complement Factor I Deficiency
Authors: L. Broderick, C. Gandhi, J.L. Mueller, C.D. Putnam, K. Shayan, K.S. Peterson, S.S. Aceves, R.M. Sheets, B.M. Peterson, R.O. Newbury
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Should an individual composed of selfish goals be held responsible for her actions?
Authors: Natalia Washington, Daniel Kelly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We discuss the implications of the Selfish Goal model for moral responsibility, arguing it suggests a form of skepticism we call the “locus problem.” In denying that individuals contain any genuine psychological core of information processing, the Selfish Goal model denies the kind of locus of control intuitively presupposed by ascriptions of responsibility. We briefly consider ways the problem might be overcome.
In search of a cause of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA): one initiating factor or many?
Authors: M. Turner-Warwick
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The history of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) shows that the disease may be preceded by a viral-like illness. Although viruses have not been demonstrated, it is possible that viruses were not detected in culture because they do not replicate during latency. We investigated the presence of adenovirus in IPF and interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP), using the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the E1A region of the adenovirus genome. Studies were performed on lung tissues obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy from 19 patients with IPF, 10 patients with CVD-IP and, for comparison, 20 patients with sarcoidosis. The E1A DNA was present in 3 out of 19 (16%) cases of IPF, in 5 of 10 (50%) cases of CVD-IP, and in 2 of 20 (10%) cases of sarcoidosis. The incidence of E1A DNA in CVD-IP was significantly higher than that in sarcoidosis (p &lt; 0.05). In patients with IPF and CVD-IP, E1A DNA was more prevalent in patients treated with corticosteroids (6 out of 9 cases; 67%) than in those without it (2 out of 20 cases; 10%) (p &lt; 0.01). ISH studies showed that 1 out of 8 cases of IPF and CVD-IP, in which E1A DNA was detected by PCR, was positive for E1A DNA. We conclude that adenovirus E1A is unlikely to be aetiologically involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease. However, a latent adenovirus infection may be reactivated or may newly infect the host following corticosteroid administration.