tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METROPOLITAN HOSPITAL SUNDAY
Authors: J. C. Dimsdale
Journal: BMJ (1902)

A meeting of the Council was held at the Mansion House on July 30th to receive the report of the committee of dis- tribution, to order payment of awards to hospitals and dis- pensaries, and to consider a recommendation of the General Purposes Committee that an addition should be made to Law IX. of the laws of the constitution.The report showed that the committee of distribution recommended awards this year to 209 institutions.The total amount of collections up to the present time was ?60,900.The distribution of ?58,386 lis.8d. to 154 hospitals and to 56 dispensaries was recommended ; 211 institutions, or seven more than last year, had applied for grants.The committee were unable to recommend a grant this year to one hospital, and one hospital was considered ineligible.The outlay on
Unexpected dilatation of the common bile duct after methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in rabbits. Possible implications to findings in man.
Authors: R Tritapepe, C Pozzi, P Caspani, C Di Padova
Journal: Gut (1989)

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) rapidly dissolves cholesterol gall stones in vitro and in vivo. To further characterise tolerability and safety of this aliphatic ether, either MTBE (1 ml/kg body wt daily for two days) or an equal amount of saline was infused into the common bile duct (CBD) of eight cholecystectomised rabbits. Transient vomiting, dyspnoea and somnolence developed during MTBE instillation. Post-treatment values of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in MTBE than in saline treated animals. Cholangiography one week after the last intraductal infusion showed a five-fold increase of CBD size in MTBE v control rabbits. At autopsy histological signs of chemical cholangitis and mild duodenitis were noted in MTBE treated animals. Prompted by these findings, we performed a cholangiography in two patients who had received intraductal MTBE (about 0.2 ml/kg body wt daily for one or two days) one year before: an abnormal dilatation of the CBD was present, which might represent a specific, hitherto undescribed permanent sequela of MTBE administration.
Prevention of Hypercalcemia (Ca ↑) in Vitamin (D) Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism (HoPT).
Authors: A. M. Parfitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Prevention of Hypercalcemia (Ca ↑) in Vitamin (D) Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism (HoPT).A. M. Parfitt, M.R.C.P.A. M. Parfitt, M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1064_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn view of dissatisfaction frequently expressed with current therapy of hypoparathyroidism, the incidence of hypercalcemia and its precipitating factors were studied in 21 patients with hypoparathyroidism followed for 1 to 6 years (mean, 3.5 years). Six patients—three postsurgical, two idiopathic, and one pseudo—were calcium-loaded (2.0 g/day) and calcium-deprived with cellulose phosphate, 15.0 g/day, and a low calcium diet; and 2 were phosphorus-loaded (2.0 g/day) and phosphorus-deprived. In all patients thyroid status was classified into grades I, II, and III according to the criteria of Canary and associates (Clin. Res. 16: 74, 1968). For this purpose, thyroid tissue was considered absent... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCalcium Homeostasis 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1064-1065KeywordsCalciumDietHypercalcemiaHypoparathyroidismPhosphatesThyroidVitamin D Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Terrorists strike again as US Congress considers bills to outlaw attacks on animal research centers
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Costs and Benefits of Preemployment Drug Screening
Authors: Craig Zwerling
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —This study provides a cost-benefit analysis of preemployment drug screening and evaluates the sensitivity of this analysis to variation in its underlying assumptions. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cost-benefit analysis, based on a cohort analytic study previously reported. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Employees of the US Postal Service in Boston, Mass. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Estimates of costs and benefit are based on a cohort of 2533 postal workers in Boston and on average costs for the Postal Service in Boston and nationwide. <h3>Results.</h3> —Drug screening would have saved the Postal Service $162 per applicant hired. However, these results were sensitive to the assumptions in the model. If the prevalence of drug use in the population screened were 1% rather than 12%, the program would lose money. Similarly, if the cost per urine sample screened were $95 rather than the $49 assumed, then the program would lose money, even if the prevalence of drug positives was as high as 9%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Because of the sensitivity of this analysis to changes in its underlying assumptions, any company considering preemployment drug screening should carefully weigh the costs and benefits in its own industry. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:91-93)
Progestin Prophylaxis of Osteoporosis-Reply
Authors: Phillip G. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Progestins are probably useful adjuncts to estrogen in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lindsay et al 1 showed that the progestin gestronol hexanoate (not available in the United States) prevents bone loss from the metacarpals, and the efficacy of other progestins is currently being evaluated by measuring the mineral content of vertibral spongiosa by computed tomography, as described by Genant et al. 2 Of the progestins available in the United States, hydroxyprogesterone caproate and the compounds mentioned by Dr Nadjafi seem to be effective (Gilbert S. Gordon, MD, oral communication, 1983). The safety of these compounds in the treatment of patients who have had breast cancer, however, has not been established. After all, estrogens are also used to treat breast cancer, so Dr Nadjafi's argument for their use is tenuous. I would agree, however, that the risk is small and acceptable if the patient is adequately informed.
New Medical Schools in the United States
Authors: Michael E. Whitcomb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In 2000, the governor of Florida signed legislation authorizing Florida State University (FSU) to establish a medical school, thus ending a period spanning more than two decades during which no new allopathic medical schools were established in this country. No schools had been created during the 1980s and 1990s primarily because reports issued by federal advisory bodies — the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee in 1980 and the Council on Graduate Medical Education in 1992 — projected that the United States would have a large excess of physicians by the year 2000. University governing bodies and state authorities were . . .
Sickle Cell Trait and Sudden Death in Athletes-Reply
Authors: Barry J. Maron
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Drs Kerle and Runkle have made a reasonable point regarding the potential role that sickle cell trait may have played in the sudden deaths of young African-American athletes with cardiovascular disease in our study population. As Kerle and Runkle point out, sickle cell trait has been incriminated as a sole determinant of sudden cardiac death with exertion,1,2and indeed, 1 of our athletes without a detectable cardiac abnormality had only the finding of sickle trait to explain sudden death.  Among the 134 competitive athletes in our study, we found hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to be the most common cause of sudden death. Of the 48 athletes assigned this diagnosis at autopsy, the majority were black. Unfortunately, our study design did not include a systematic analysis for sickle cell trait in these individuals. Also, we encountered 14 other athletes who showed an increase in left ventricular mass, but no other features of
Trends in Incidence Rates of Invasive Lobular and Ductal Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Christopher I. Li, Benjamin O. Anderson, Janet R. Daling, Roger E. Moe
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Research has suggested that use of combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) increases breast cancer risk and that CHRT use is more strongly associated with the risk of invasive lobular breast carcinoma than that of invasive ductal carcinoma. Lobular carcinoma is less common than ductal carcinoma but can be more difficult to diagnose because of its subtle elusive infiltrative pattern.To evaluate trends in invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma incidence rates from 1987 through 1999, during which time use of CHRT increased in the United States.Descriptive epidemiologic study.Nine cancer registries that participate in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute and that cover Atlanta, Ga; Detroit, Mich; San Francisco-Oakland, Calif; Seattle, Wash; and Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, and Utah.Women 30 years of age and older residing in the areas covered by the 9 SEER registries.Proportional changes in incidence rates of invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma among women with no prior history of breast cancer.A total of 190 458 women were included in this analysis who were identified through the registries as having invasive breast cancer; 7682 of the 198 140 potentially eligible women (ie, those identified as not having in situ breast cancer) were excluded from this analysis because stage of cancer was unknown. Invasive breast cancer incidence rates adjusted for age and for SEER historic stage increased 1.04-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004-1.07) from 1987-1999 (206.7/100 000 to 214.1/100 000, age-adjusted). However, incidence rates of tumors classified as lobular increased 1.52-fold (95% CI, 1.42-1.63), and those classified as mixed ductal-lobular increased 1.96-fold (95% CI, 1.80-2.14); rates of these types combined increased 1.65-fold (95% CI, 1.55-1.78) (19.8/100 000 to 33.4/100 000, age-adjusted). In contrast, ductal carcinoma rates remained largely constant (153.8/100 000 to 155.3/100 000, age-adjusted; proportional change, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.99-1.06]). The proportion of breast cancers with a lobular component increased from 9.5% in 1987 to 15.6% in 1999.Ductal carcinoma incidence rates remained essentially constant from 1987-1999 while lobular carcinoma rates increased steadily. This increase presents a clinical challenge given that lobular carcinoma is more difficult to detect than ductal carcinoma by both physical examination and mammography.
An Additional Argument for A Toxic Mechanism of Peliosis Hepatis in Man
Authors: Elie Serge Zafrani
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

A patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia developed jaundice revealing peliosis hepatis after receiving 6–thioguanine for two months. Peliosis hepatis was severe and was associated with mild lesions of centrilobular veins. Withdrawal of 6–thioguanine was followed by a progressive improvement of liver dysfunction. This report shows that 6–thioguanine, a thiopurine already reported to be responsible for veno–occlusive disease of the liver, can induce peliosis hepatis. This suggests that some liver vascular disorders caused by thiopurines (6–thioguanine, azathioprine and 6–mercaptopurine), particularly peliosis hepatis, veno–occlusive disease, sinusoidal dilatation and perisinusoidal fibrosis, might be related syndromes caused by similar lesions at different sites.
Contribution of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor to the antiprotease defense system of the peripheral lung: effect of ozone-induced acute inflammation.
Authors: C Nadziejko, I Finkelstein, J R Balmes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin are structurally similar, low-molecular-weight antiproteases produced in the lung. We have developed a simple method for distinguishing the antiprotease activities of SLPI and elafin in lung lavage fluid from those of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) that is based on the resistance of the low-molecular-weight antiproteases to inactivation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. In a study of 23 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers, we found that the low-molecular-weight antiproteases accounted for 22 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM, n = 23) of the total neutrophil elastase-inhibitory capacity of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Elafin activity was below the limit of detection. SLPI activity (as measured by inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin) accounted for 72 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM, n = 23) of the low-molecular-weight antiprotease activity in BALF. Measurements of SLPI in the lavage fluid samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) agreed closely with values obtained by measuring the activity of this inhibitor. The activity of the low-molecular-weight antiproteases decreased significantly (p < 0.05), from 9.0 +/- 0.8 to 7.0 +/- 0.6 pmol of neutrophil elastase inhibited per mL (mean +/- SEM, n = 23), following acute ozone exposure.
Copper loading of hearts increases postischemic reperfusion injury.
Authors: S R Powell, D Hall, A Shih
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We studied the role of copper as a potential mediator of postischemic reperfusion injury in the isolated, perfused rat heart. Hearts were equilibrated with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 10 minutes and then loaded with copper by way of perfusion with buffer containing 20 microM copper(II)-bis-histidial for 30 minutes. Control hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer alone during the loading period. Hearts than were washed with buffer for 10 minutes and subjected to 20 minutes of normothermic global ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed a 67% increase in total copper content in loaded hearts by the end of the wash. By the end of the 30-minute period of reperfusion, control hearts demonstrated a 50-60% recovery of myocardial function as determined by peak systolic pressure, contractility, and heart rate. In contrast, copper-loaded hearts exhibited virtually no functional recovery within the 30-minute time period. Using salicylate as a probe, we determined that peak and duration of .OH formation appears to be increased in copper-loaded hearts during reperfusion. Furthermore, efflux of lactic dehydrogenase was significantly increased in copper-loaded hearts. Our results clearly demonstrate that increasing cardiac content of copper results in enhanced postischemic reperfusion injury associated with increased formation of .OH, thus suggesting an important catalytic role for this transition metal.
Cross-reactive idiotypes in immunoglobulin A-deficient sera.
Authors: M K Cheung, C Cunningham-Rundles, J Koistinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Mice of inbred strains immunized with simple antigens can produce antibodies that share similar V regions, which result in serologic similarities called cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI). In this study, we considered the possibility that IgA-deficient humans, who are continuously immunized via the intestinal tract by dietary protein, might also produce antibodies sharing CRI. For this, anti-casein antibodies were isolated from the blood of 16 adult IgA-deficient donors (4 Finns and 12 North Americans) and an autologous anti-anti-casein from the blood of one of the Finnish donors. In addition, a heterologous anti-anti-casein was raised to the casein-anti-casein immune complexes of this donor. Comparing the activities of the two anti-idiotypes, it was found that both bind anti-casein in the region of the antigen binding site, but that each binds additional determinants not located within this region, with the heterologous reagent having more affinity for these latter determinants than the autologous anti-idiotype. Using both reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition assays, extensive cross-reactivities between anti-caseins were demonstrated. Using the autologous anti-idiotype, 5 of 16 anti-caseins were found to share CRI, and with the heterologous reagent 12 of 16 shared CRI. In both assays, the anti-caseins of Finnish donors displayed more cross-reactivity than those derived from Northern American donors. These studies show that specific, commonly shared CRI can be identified in this human system in which antibodies are raised as a result of natural immunization across the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Postmenopausal Hormone Users and Obesity
Authors: Maurice Verdy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Barrett-Connor et al (241:2167, 1979) found that postmenopausal women taking estrogens (hormone users) were substantially slimmer than nonusers. The percentage of obese subjects in nonusers was about two times higher. The authors took the presence of obesity as a manifestation of health consciousness, but this finding was not discussed. Between the users and the nonusers, there was no difference in cigarette smoking. One would expect that health-conscious people would smoke less, and, therefore, it does not seem that the lower prevalence of obesity in hormone users could be due to a greater health consciousness.  Subjects who have had hysterectomies are probably more frequently hormone users. It would be interesting to know if the subjects studied by Barrett-Connor et al who had undergone hysterectomies were thinner than those who had not.  In a study of 237 nuns aged 60 to 80 years, we found no difference between the
Inhibition of adiponectin production by homocysteine: A potential mechanism for alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Zhenyuan Song, Zhanxiang Zhou, Ion Deaciuc, Theresa Chen, Craig J. McClain
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Although recent evidence suggests that down-regulation of production of the adipocyte hormone adiponectin has pathophysiological consequences for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), the underlying mechanisms are elusive. Abnormal hepatic methionine-homocysteine metabolism induced by prolonged alcohol exposure has been reported both in clinical and experimental studies of ALD. Here, we conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments to examine the effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on homocysteine levels in adipose tissue, its potential involvement in regulating adiponectin production, and the consequences for ALD. Chronic alcohol exposure decreased the circulating adiponectin concentration and adiponectin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in epididymal fat pads. Alcohol feeding induced modest hyperhomocysteinemia and increased homocysteine levels in the epididymal fat pad, which was associated with decreased mRNA levels of cystationine β-synthase. Betaine supplementation (1.5%, wt/vol) in the alcohol-fed mice reduced homocysteine accumulation in adipose tissue and improved adiponectin levels. Moreover, exogenous homocysteine administration reduced gene expression, protein levels, and secretion of adiponectin in primary adipocytes. Furthermore, rats fed a high-methionine diet (2%, wt/wt) were hyperhomocysteinemic and had decreased adiponectin levels in both plasma and adipose tissue, which was associated with suppressed AMP-activated protein kinase activation in the liver. Mechanistic studies revealed that both inactivation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 pathway and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, specifically C/EBP homologous protein expression, may contribute to the inhibitory effect exerted by homocysteine. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol feeding caused abnormal accumulation of homocysteine in adipocytes, which contributes to decreased adiponectin production in ALD.
Downregulation of β-adrenergic receptors by low density lipoproteins and its prevention by β-adrenergic receptor antagonists
Authors: B Brehm
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Vasodilation by β-adrenergic receptors of smooth muscle cells appears to be impaired early after the onset of hypercholesteremia. The aim of this study was to analyze the modulation of β-adrenergic receptor density and adenylyl cyclase activity in the presence of moderately elevated concentrations of LDL. The effects of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists on LDL-induced receptor changes were studied. Methods and results: Media explants of porcine coronary arteries were incubated with moderately elevated LDL concentrations (0.7–3.9 mmol/l). The density of β-adrenergic receptors was determined in plasma membranes using the radioligand [125I]iodocyanopindolol. LDL (3.9 mmol/l) resulted in a decrease of β-adrenergic receptor density (control 137±5 vs. 89±7 fmol/mg protein, P<0.01). After removal of LDL and cultivation for an additional 3 days β-adrenergic receptors increased to 129±5 fmol/mg. In the presence of the β1- or β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists the LDL-mediated decrease was inhibited. Addition of metoprolol after 3 days of LDL incubation caused a restoration of receptor density. The basal, isoproterenol- and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were increased after LDL incubation by 180, 110 or 80%, respectively. Conclusion: Moderately elevated LDL levels decreased β-adrenergic receptor density while adenylyl cyclase activity was simultaneously increased. β1- or β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists prevented this receptor decrease and might preserve the β-adrenergic receptor density in the presence of moderately elevated LDL levels.