tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One minute unbuffered urease test: should it be read at 10 minutes?
Authors: S SENGUPTA
Journal: Gut (2000)

DiVerential expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human colorectal cancerEDITOR,-We were puzzled by the recent paper by Dimberg and colleagues (Gut 1999;45:730-732) which reported that upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression was prominent in rectal adenocarcinomas compared with that in adenocarcinomas arising from the colon."Low or undetectable levels of COX-2 protein expression" were demonstrated in 15 of 19 colonic adenocarcinomas located proximal to the rectum.Overall, upregulation of COX-2 protein expression was reported in only 56% of colorectal cancers.Previous reports, 1-7 which include one by the current authors on a not dissimilar case series, 1 and two in the joint authorship of the accompanying commentary writer, 2 3 have shown consistent upregulation of COX-2 expression in colonic and rectal adenocarcinomas (in 85-90% of cases) compared with matched normal colonic mucosa using diVerent techniques, including northern blot analysis, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, four of these studies refer to the distribution of adenocarcinomas throughout the colon without showing evidence of diVerential COX-2 expression between rectal and more proximal tumours. 1 2 4 5 In the one previous study which analysed COX-2 protein expression in human colorectal cancers by western blot analysis, 7 immunoreactive COX-2 was detected in 76% of cases with a 10-fold increase in median tissue COX-2 concentration compared with normal colonic mucosa.In our view, the authors should attempt to explain the discrepancy between their results and previously published data.It is interesting to note that, in the study of Kargman et al, five of six patients taking NSAIDs had low or undetectable COX-2 protein expression. 7Moreover, aspirin has recently been shown to suppress induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein in interleukin-1 and phorbol ester stimulated human endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 8Do the authors have data on NSAID use in their cohort of patients prior to surgery?
Is Justification of Animal Research Necessary?-Reply
Authors: Richard Vance
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I am grateful that Drs Bernstein, Regan, Rowan, and Singer chose to criticize directly the issues raised in my paper rather than to attack the value of research using animals. Research using animals has benefited human and nonhuman animals immensely. The ethical question is whether such research can be justified, and if so, how? The purpose of my article was twofold: to show that the ethical methods used by the most important ALRM philosophers are inadequate; and, to entice those who support animal research to consider more critically their own philosophical positions. Arguments for using animals in research require moral justification. By showing that ALRM philosophies deserve serious attention (despite their flaws), my hope is that more constructive arguments will emerge on both sides of the animal rights debate. For Bernstein and Singer, nonanalytical ethical traditions (eg, religious, metaphysical, or ethnic) that do not play by analytical rules
Recurrence of ventricular fibrillation in acute ischemic heart disease.
Authors: K R Logan, W J McIlwaine, A A Adgey, J F Pantridge
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We assessed factors during an initial episode of ventricular fibrillation that may be predictive of recurrence. Of 141 consecutive patients with acute ischemic heart disease who survived an initial episode of ventricular fibrillation, 41 (29%) had recurrent ventricular fibrillation during hospitalization. The incidence of recurrent ventricular fibrillation was lower among those with an acute myocardial infarction than among those with acute ischemic episode. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation occurred more frequently among patients with secondary ventricular fibrillation complicating an acute myocardial infarction than among those with primary ventricular fibrillation. Primary ventricular fibrillation than occurred within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms was no more likely to be recurrent than when it occurred later. Age, sex, site of infarction, place of arrest, adequacy of initial resuscitation, interval onset of symptoms to the initial episode of ventricular fibrillation, onset of symptoms to intensive care and delay before initial attempted defibrillation were not significantly related to the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation.
A novel adenylyl cyclase-activating serotonin receptor (5-HT7) implicated in the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms
Authors: Timothy W. Lovenberg, Bruce M. Baron, Luis de Lecea, Joseph D. Miller, Rebecca A. Prosser, Michael A. Rea, Pamela E. Foye, Margaret Racke, Amy L. Slone, Barry W. Siegel, Patria E. Danielson, J.Gregor Sutcliffe, Mark G. Erlander
Journal: Neuron (1993)
The Civilian-Military Contingency Hospital System
Authors: John F. Beary, Jay C. Bisgard, Philip C. Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A complex, interconnected set of factors characterizes the likely future world environment with which United States military forces must be prepared to cope. Crisis and conflict may occur in almost any area of the world and may take place simultaneously in geographically separate places.For example, NATO forces face a formidable threat from the Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact's ground forces include about 200 divisions (there are about 15,000 men in a division). They operate 60,000 tanks and possess over 3500 tactical bombers and fighter aircraft. By anyone's standards, this represents a large conventional threat.Current United . . .
Renin Activation in the Venous Plasma from the Involved Kidney in the Patient with Renal Hypertension
Authors: Mohinder P. Sambhi, Charles E. Wiedeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA) in renal vein blood from the ischemic kidney are reported to be generally higher than from the contralateral kidney. Importance of factors other than renin content of renal venous plasma has not been investigated. Initial rate measurements of angiotensin generation with added excess of homologous renin (Plasma Renin Substrate Activity [PRSA]-20 min) were made in bilateral renal venous plasma from 31 patients suspected of suffering from unilateral renal hypertension. The mean values from the involved vs. the contralateral kidney were 551 vs. 331 ng respectively of angiotensin II equivalents generated per milliliter of plasma per 20 min of incubation. The measurement of maximal angiotensin generation under the same conditions with incubation prolonged to 3 hr (PRSA-180 min), however, were bilaterally equal in renal venous plasma from selected patients with renal hypertension who showed distinct differences in PRSA-20 min and PRA measurements. Prior extraction of plasma lipids did not significantly change the bilateral renal venous PRSA-20 min determinations. Stimulation of endogenous renin release in normal dogs did not change the PRSA determinations. The data suggest strongly the presence of a "renin activating" mechanism in the renal venous plasma from the involved kidney of patients with renal hypertension.
ACCOUCHEMENT FORCé IN CERTAIN OBSTETRICAL COMPLICATIONS.Read before the Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: LEWELLYN ELIOT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Accouchement forcé, is as we understand it, a labor actively begun and terminated by artificial aid. This assistance may be rendered through mechanical devices, such as Hegar's and other dilators, Barnes' bags, forceps, catheters, sounds, tampons of cotton or wool, sponge tents, or by the hand introduced into the vagina with the fingers acting as dilators. It is our opinion the fingers are the best and safest means of assistance for the reason that the force exerted is active, appreciative and entirely under the control of the operator. The dilation may be rapid or slow, strong enough to produce a laceration of the cervix and body of the uterus, as in the case related by Parrish at the meeting of the American Gynecological Society in 1892, when discussing this subject, where the hand introduced after delivery reached the bifurcation of the aorta but surely this accident must be among the
Recurrent methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) septicaemia and pacemaker-lead-associated endocarditis following diagnostic gastroscopy
Authors: Miles C Allison, Jonathan A T Sandoe, Thomas S J Elliott
Journal: Gut (2010)

We thank Dr Majumdar and colleagues for their comments, and for their case description which at first sight appears to be unique in two respects. We are unaware of any previous case reports linking pacemaker infection to endoscopy; and our literature review for the guidelines failed to identify any previous reports of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia following endoscopy. …
Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: What's Next?
Authors: Lana E. Kandalaft, Daniel J. Powell, Nathan Singh, George Coukos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

In the past decade, we have witnessed important gains in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, additional advances are required to reduce mortality. With compelling evidence that ovarian cancers are immunogenic tumors, immunotherapy should be further pursued and optimized. The dramatic advances in laboratory and clinical procedures in cellular immunotherapy, along with the development of powerful immunomodulatory antibodies, create new opportunities in ovarian cancer therapeutics. Herein, we review current progress and future prospects in vaccine and adoptive T-cell therapy development as well as immunomodulatory therapy tools available for immediate clinical testing.
Kinetics of the Attachment of Intrinsic Factor-Bound Cobamides to Ileal Receptors
Authors: V. I. Mathan, Bernard M. Babior, Robert M. Donaldson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To determine whether the molecular configuration of vitamin B(12) influences the attachment of intrinsic factor-vitamin B(12) complex to ileal microvillous membrane receptor sites, we have examined the kinetics of uptake of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin by brush borders and microvillous membranes isolated from guinea pig ileum, and have compared this uptake with that of intrinsic factor alone and with that of intrinsic factor complexed with various analogs of cyanocobalamin. We first studied the kinetics of binding of cyanocobalamin and other cobamides to human gastric intrinsic factor. The binding of cyanocobalamin showed saturation kinetics and, at relatively high concentrations of cyanocobalamin, a Scatchard plot of binding was linear. The dissociation constant for the intrinsic factor-cyanocobalamin complex was 0.066 nM. When the binding of various vitamin B(12) analogs to intrinsic factor was determined by competition experiments, the analogs could be separated into two categories: those with affinities similar to that of cyanocobalamin and those with affinities much lower than that of cyanocobalamin. The affinity of cyanocobalamin for intrinsic factor was not altered by various substitutions at the -CN position, while removal of a single amido group on the corrin ring of substitution of the dimethylbenzimidazole base greatly reduced affinity. Removal of the base totally abolished binding. These findings, confirming those reported by others, are consistent with the concept that the cyanocobalamin molecule fits into a "pocket" in the intrinsic factor molecule, with the nucleotide base facing inward and the -CN side of the planar corrin ring facing outward. We then investigated the attachment of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin to ileal receptor. Attachment to microvillous membranes showed saturation kinetics with a dissociation constant of 0.25 nM. Attachment was rapid and was 70% complete within 5 min; the second-order rate constant for attachment was 1.3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The half-time for dissociation of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin from the ileal receptor was approximately 35 min. Free intrinsic factor inhibited the attachment of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin, but the rate of attachment of free intrinsic factor was slower than that of intrinsic factor bound to cyanocobalamin. When intrinsic factor was complexed with various analogs of cyanocobalamin, the affinities of these complexes for ileal microvillous membranes were similar to that of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin. These findings suggest that the molecular configuration of vitamin B(12) is not a major determinant in the interaction between intrinsic factor-bound vitamin B(12) and its ileal receptor site.
Can the Three-phase Bone Scan Differentiate Osteomyelitis from Metabolic or Metastatic Bone Disease?
Authors: REX B. SHAFER, GEORGE F. EDEBURN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The three-phase bone scan has been reported of value in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The use of a radionuclide angiogram, an immediate postinjection “blood pool”image, and 2 to 3 hour delayed image have been useful in separating nonosseous inflammatory disease from osteomyelitis. However, dependence on increased blood flow and focal hyperemia for this diagnosis may limit the use of the study if other processes are shown to produce similar results. To identify limitations of the three-phase bone scan we studied 14 patients with metastatic bone disease and nine patients with Paget's disease. Blood flow results showed no increase in three of 14 patients with metastases, intermediate increase in seven of 14 patients with metastases and two of nine patients with Paget's, and intense increase in four of 14 patients with metastases and seven of nine patients with Paget's. All patients showed increased focal activity in the immediate “blood pool” and delayed images. We conclude that because of increased flow Paget's disease may be difficult to separate from osteomyelitis. However, metastatic disease can often be differentiated on the basis of quantitative focal hyperemia. The three-phase bone scan remains of value in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, but other diseases of bone must be included in the differential diagnosis.
Cholesterol Pericarditis
Authors: OSCAR CREECH, W. MORSE HICKS, HARVEY B. SNYDER, ETHEL E. ERICKSON
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Although cholesterol pericarditis is usually associated with myxedema, it may occur as a result of tuberculous infection or hemopericardium. Cardiac constriction is apparently an uncommnon feature of the condition. A case of chronic constrictive cholesterol pericarditis was treated by pericardiectomy with complete relief of symptoms. Neither bacteriologic nor histologic studies of the resected pericardium revealed the etiologic basis for cholesterol accumulation within the pericardial sac.
Beneficial Effect of Low-Glycemic Index Diet in Overweight NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever, David JA Jenkins, Vladimir Vuksan, Alexandra L Jenkins, Gerald S Wong, Robert G Josse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objectives To determine whether low-glycemic index (GI) diets have clinical utility in overweight patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Research Design and Methods Six patients with NIDDM were studied on both high- and low-GI diets of 6-wk duration with metabolic diets with a randomized crossover design. Both diets were of similar composition (57% carbohydrate, 23% fat, and 34 g/day dietary fiber), but the low-GI diet had a GI of 58 compared with 86 for the high-GI diet. Results Small and similar amounts of weight were lost on both diets: 2.5 kg on high-GI diet and 1.8 kg on low-GI diet. On the low-GI diet, the mean level of serum fructosamine, as an index of overall blood glucose control, was lower than on the high-GI diet by 8% (P &amp;lt;0.05), and total serum cholesterol was lower by 7% (P &amp;lt;0.01). Conclusions In overweight patients with NIDDM, reducing diet GI improves overall blood glucose and lipid control.
Intraendothelial Inclusions in Kidneys of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: C. Craig Tisher, Harry B. Kelso, Roscoe R. Robinson, J. Caulie Gunnells, Peter M. Burkholder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Recent renal biopsy material was reviewed to determine the relationship between intraendothelial virus-like structures and a diagnosis of lupus erythematosus, to establish the specificity of this association, and to assess the relationship between the presence of these structures and the appearance of selected clinical phenomena. The virus-like structures were present in 30 of 34 (88%) biopsy specimens from patients with proved lupus erythematosus and clinical evidence of renal involvement; identical inclusions were seen in 8 of 190 (4%) specimens from patients with other types of renal disease. There was no relationship between the presence of these structures and the type or severity of renal histological changes or the pattern of immunofluorescent staining. Clinically, the presence of virus-like structures was not related to the degree of renal functional impairment, the presence of the nephrotic syndrome, or prior administration of steroids. The high prevalence of intraendothelial virus-like structures in lupus erythematosus lends diagnostic value to their detection in patients with a suspected diagnosis of lupus erythematosus.
Lack of human IgE cross‐reactivity between mite allergens Blo t 1 and Der p 1
Authors: N. Cheong, S. C. Soon, J. D. A. Ramos, I. C. Kuo, P. R. Kolortkar, B. W. Lee, K. Y. Chua
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: The group 1 mite allergens are the most significant indoor allergens and they belong to the papain‐like cysteine protease family. To date there is only one published report on the isolation and characterization of group 1 allergens from Blomia tropicalis mites. The aims of the study are to determine the cross‐reactivity between group 1 allergens and to evaluate their clinical importance in allergic patients. Methods: The full‐length Blo t 1 gene was obtained by SMART TM RACE cDNA amplification method using gene‐specific primers. The sequence alignment was performed using LOOK followed by three‐dimensional homology modeling. The cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris as a secretory protein. Identification of native Blo t 1 in crude mite and spent mite medium extracts was done by Western immunoblot using monoclonal antibody. Allergenicity of recombinant Blo t 1 and native Der p 1 was examined by human IgE ELISA with 80 asthmatic sera. Results: The cDNA sequence consists of 1105 base pairs, including 5′‐ and3′‐untranslating regions, encoding an open reading frame of 330 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight of the deduced protein was approximately 38 kDa. Blo t 1 shared 53 and 34% nucleotide and amino acid, respectively, sequence homology with Der p 1. Native Blo t 1 was detected in both crude mite and spent mite medium extracts, and its estimated molecular weight was about 26 kDa. The recombinant Blo t 1 reacted positively with IgE in 90 and 65% of sera from asthmatic children and adults, respectively, indicating that it is a major allergen. The correlation of human IgE reactivity between Blo t 1 and Der p 1 was low in these sera. Conclusion: The full‐length cDNA encoding group 1 Blomia tropicalis mite allergen (designated as Blo t 1) has been characterized and expressed from local mites in Singapore. This fecal allergen showed high frequency of human IgE reactivity with asthmatic sera in the tropics and there was a low correlation of IgE reactivity between Blo t 1 and Der p 1.
Cancer Wars: How Politics Shapes What We Know and Don't Know About Cancer
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Cancer Wars</i>by Robert N. Proctor makes a highly valuable contribution to the debate on what has caused cancer to become so prominent in this century and, especially, the forces that influence our understanding of that phenomenon. Rachel Carson brought the environmentalist view vigorously into the public arena in 1962 with<i>Silent Spring</i>. Since then, argument has proceeded about the extent to which industrial processes and their products cause cancer and, whatever that extent, what should be done about it. The tone of<i>Cancer Wars</i>, written with a historian's perspective on the environmentalist-antienvironmentalist struggle over cancer causation, lies midway between scientific restraint and journalistic expression. For those familiar with the literature, the book can be said to avoid the extremes of either Samuel S. Epstein's<i>The Politics of Cancer</i>(environmentalist) or Edith Efron's<i>The Apocalyptics</i>(antienvironmentalist), though Proctor leans toward the former's point of view. Media attention during the past
Physician and patient survey of allergic rhinitis in France: perceptions on prevalence, severity of symptoms, care management and specific immunotherapy
Authors: P. Demoly, A. Didier, P. Mathelier‐Fusade, M. Drouet, M. David, G. Bonnelye, J. de Blic, J. M. Klossek
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only aetiological treatment used in allergic rhinitis (AR). A telephone survey of patients and physicians in France was carried out to understand better the real and perceived advantages and inconveniences of this therapeutic approach.A cohort of 453 individuals with AR was selected using the Score For Allergic Rhinitis questionnaire. The survey evaluated the level of understanding of allergic rhinitis and its management, including both pharmacotherapy and SIT. A parallel survey was conducted with 400 general practitioners, allergists and nonallergist specialists.Approximately 50% of patients had heard about SIT as a therapeutic option. Of these, 56% had a positive view of SIT and 14% a negative image. A majority of patients and physicians with a positive opinion associated SIT with improved well-being and quality of life, while those with a negative opinion considered it to be a long and inconvenient treatment, with uncertain results. Over 50% of patients who had been offered SIT had accepted it and approximately 60% of these were satisfied with it. The future availability of SIT as sublingual tablets was perceived positively by both patients and physicians.Many patients with AR are unaware of their pathology and few seek help from health professionals. When patients take medication, they are generally satisfied with their treatment, even if it is only symptomatic. Patients and physicians see the notion of definitive recovery as the main benefit of SIT, whereas the main disadvantage is the duration of treatment.
Isolated Myocarditis with Recovery of Echo Type 9 Virus from the Myocardium
Authors: Gilles R. G. Monif, Chen-Wen Lee, G. D. Hsiung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

ISOLATED myocarditis is a clinicopathological entity, diagnosed at autopsy, in which the heart is the sole target organ.1 By and large, the etiology of the condition in the adult population is a diagnostic enigma.2 This paper reports the isolation of ECHO Type 9 virus from the myocardium of a patient with isolated myocarditis.Case ReportA 34-year-old dentist was admitted to University Hospital for the 1st time because of complete heart block and marked respiratory distress. He had been well all his life. Ten days previously, after a physical examination, he had been accepted for additional life insurance. Six days . . .