tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1 The clinical course of ulcerative colitis after orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: A SEDDON, G HO, G THERAPONDOS, P HAYES, J SATSTANGI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Fissure in ano is a common benign anorectal disorder that occurs exclusively in midline, predominantly posterior midline. Fissures in ano generally arise with local trauma caused by hard stool and hypertonic anal sphincter, and affects more than 10% of patients attending proctology clinics.To evaluate the effect of Aelwa (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) in fissure in ano.Anal fissure patients at the National Institute of Unani Medicine in the age group 18–60 years, were included in the study. The test drug was given to patient in the form of fine powder packed in small sterilized container and asked to sprinkle the powder over the fissure two times a day. Assessment was carried on weekly basis for 3 weeks (7th, 14th and 21st day) on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Post treatment follow-up carried out at 1 week after completion of trial (on 28th day).The mean age at presentation was 32.03 years, and male to female ratio was 16:14. The typical presentation was painful defecation and bleeding per rectum. Pain scores significantly reduced on 7th, 14th and 28th days with this treatment (p < 0.001). Healing of fissure, control of bleeding and reduction in anal spasm were seen in all patients with p-value< 0.001. Hepatic and renal functions were unaltered in all patients. One patient in our study was HbsAg positive.Topical application of Aelwa (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) appears to be effective, safe and less expensive in the management of anal fissures in this study. There were no adverse effects from the drug, nor any associated complications.
Modification of the cardiovascular effects of l-dopa by decarboxylase inhibitors
Authors: August M. Watanabe, Leon C. Parks, Irwin J. Kopin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Intravenously infused L-dopa (0.3 mg/kg per min) produced hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias in halothane anesthetized dogs. Biochemical studies showed that the heart, kidney, and brain of these animals accumulated significant amounts of catecholamines formed from the administered precursor. Pretreatment of dogs with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase [D,L-alpha-hydrazino-alpha-methyl-beta-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid] prevented the development of hypertension and arrhythmias with infusion of L-dopa. Instead, these animals developed significant hypotension. The heart and kidney of these animals accumulated markedly reduced amounts of catecholamines formed from L-dopa compared with dogs receiving L-dopa alone: the amount of catecholamines accumulated in brain was unchanged. L-dopa, after extracerebral decarboxylase inhibition, appeared to produce hypotension by reducing peripheral vascular resistance without altering sympathetic nerve function. During hypotension, cardiac output was not altered and arterial pressure in perfused hindlimbs fell, even though flow was maintained. The pressor response to intravenous injections of norepinephrine and dopamine was unchanged. Hindlimb arterial pressure response to direct electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk was also unchanged. Pretreatment with a drug which inhibits brain as well as extracerebral dopa decarboxylase [D,L-seryl-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride] abolished all effects of L-dopa on blood pressure. In these animals, there was a marked reduction of catecholamine formation from L-dopa in the brain as well as the heart and kidney. It appears that L-dopa produces opposite effects on blood pressure depending on the site of accumulation of its metabolic products, dopamine and norepinephrine. If L-dopa is rapidly decarboxylated to catecholamines in peripheral organs, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias occur. If peripheral dopa decarboxylase is selectively inhibited, a centrally mediated hypotensive effect, probably secondary to the accumulation of catecholamines in the brain, becomes apparent. If dopa decarboxylase is inhibited in the brain in addition to extracerebral organs, L-dopa has no effect on blood pressure.
Reversible Nephrotic Syndrome Resulting from Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: Bernard H. Pastor, Michael Cahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE clinical concept of the nephrotic syndrome, a state characterized by edema, proteinuria and hypoproteinemia, has been extended from its classic application to a few renal diseases classified as "nephroses"1 to a variety of unrelated conditions that may lead to massive albuminuria. In a recent review Kark and his associates2 enumerated thirty-six causes of the nephrotic syndrome and classified them into seven general groups: heredofamilial; infective; toxic; allergic; mechanical; those due to generalized pathologic processes; and those due to intrinsic renal disease.One of the less well recognized causes of the nephrotic syndrome is the mechanical effect of increased pressure . . .
'Runner's trots'. Gastrointestinal disturbances in runners
Authors: R. N. Fogoros
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Derek Clayton, describing aftermath of his world record marathon run (<i>Runner's World</i>, May 1979, p 72). WITH the recent popularity of running, physicians should recognize various "abnormalities" that occur in healthy runners, either as physiological adaptations to physical training or as normal responses to extreme exertion. These include various bradyarrhythmias, left ventricular enlargement, proteinuria, and hematuria. The bradyarrhythmias, such as sinus bradycardia, Wenckebach or junctional rhythms, or first-degree atrioventricular block, are due to high parasympathetic tone in the athlete.<sup>1,2</sup>Left ventricular enlargement is thought to be a physiological adaptation to endurance training and does not represent a pathological disorder.<sup>3</sup>Proteinuria, which may be due to relative renal ischemia, is gone 48 hours after exercise.<sup>4</sup>Hematuria in runners may be due to superficial bladder trauma in most cases.<sup>5</sup> Conspicuously absent from the medical literature is the description of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms experienced by many runners. These GI
The mechanism of closure of the mitral valve: a continuing controversy.
Authors: R C Little
Journal: Circulation (1979)

MITRAL VALVE CLOSURE has intrigued in- vestigators since William Harvey compared the struc- ture to the valves of a mechanical force pump.1 Chauveau and Fivre2 extended this analogy in 1856 by postulating that mitral closure was produced by the systolic increase in ventricular pressure.This classic "ventriculogenic" explanation of closure was challenged, and by the beginning of this century several other mechanisms had been proposed.Despite advances in investigative techniques, these same ex- planations are still widely advocated, and a unan- imous decision on the mechanism of mitral valve clo- sure is not available.3In this brief review I highlight the state of uncertainty and suggest the need for further study.Atriogenic vs Ventriculogenic Closure Baumgarten4 in 1843 and later Henderson and Johnson5 6 demonstrated in isolated perfused animal hearts that abruptly ending forward flow through an open atrioventricular (AV) valve, as might occur at the end of atrial contraction, produced a zone of negative pressure in the area of the valve cusps.Influx of fluid into this zone from the sides of the ventricle caused the valve leaflets to roll closed before the onset of ventricular contraction.They suggested that this type of closure, later included under the general title "atriogenic,"7 was accompanied by minimal or no regurgitation.In contrast, if closure resulted from ventricular action without presystolic positioning, the valve cusps would swing shut like "barn doors in a windstorm" and closure would be accompanied with considerable regurgitation.5While the concept of a "breaking jet" at the end of atrial systole has been abandoned as not being consistent with the peristaltic
Long-term outcome of a pediatric-inspired regimen used for adults aged 18–50 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: D J DeAngelo, K E Stevenson, S E Dahlberg, L B Silverman, S Couban, J G Supko, P C Amrein, K K Ballen, M D Seftel, A R Turner, B Leber, K Howson-Jan, K Kelly, S Cohen, J H Matthews, L Savoie, M Wadleigh, L A Sirulnik, I Galinsky, D S Neuberg, S E Sallan, R M Stone
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

On the basis of the data suggesting that adolescents and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved outcomes when treated on pediatric protocols, we assessed the feasibility of treating adult patients aged 18–50 years with ALL with the DFCI Pediatric ALL Consortium regimen utilizing a 30-week course of pharmacokinetically dose-adjusted E. coli L-asparaginase during consolidation. Between 2002 and 2008, 92 eligible patients aged 18–50 years were enrolled at 13 participating centers. Seventy-eight patients (85%) achieved a complete remission (CR) after 1 month of intensive induction therapy. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) for the patients achieving a CR was 69% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56–78%) and the 4-year overall survival (OS) for all eligible patients was 67% (95% CI 56–76%). The 4-year DFS for the 64 patients who achieved a CR and were Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph−) was 71% (95% CI 58–81%), and for all 74 Ph− patients the 4-year OS was 70% (95% CI 58–79%). We conclude that a pediatric-like treatment strategy for young adults with de novo ALL is feasible, associated with tolerable toxicity, and results in improved outcomes compared with historical regimens in young adult patients with ALL.
Relationship between plasma sodium concentration and vascular reactivity in man
Authors: Donald D. Heistad, Francois M. Abboud, Dennis R. Ballard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Experiments were done to study the effects of acute changes in plasma sodium concentration [Na] on vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and to reflex sympathetic stimulation in man. [Na] in the venous return from the forearm of each of 21 normal subjects was reduced (to an average of 118 mEq/liter), increased (147 mEq/liter), and maintained within the normal range (140 mEq/liter) by means of infusions into the brachial artery of three solutions containing different [Na]. Mannitol or sucrose and disodium sulfate were substituted for sodium chloride to produce the desired changes in [Na] without changing blood osmolarity. Blood flow to the forearm (plethysmograph) increased during infusion of the three solutions, but the increase in flow was not related to [Na]. Vasoconstrictor responses to injections of norepinephrine and angiotensin into the brachial artery were reduced at low [Na] and augmented at high [Na]. Reflex vasoconstriction, activated by lower body negative pressure, was similarly affected by changes in [Na]. In the isolated, perfused gracilis muscle of dog vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and to nerve stimulation were attenuated, and the extraction of norepinephrine by this muscle was smaller when plasma [Na] was reduced.
Heat shock factor 1 is a potent therapeutic target for enhancing the efficacy of treatments for multiple myeloma with adverse prognosis
Authors: Sophie Bustany, Julie Cahu, Géraldine Descamps, Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck, Brigitte Sola
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Deregulated expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) encoding genes is frequent in multiple myeloma. HSPs, which are molecular chaperones involved in protein homeostasis pathways, have emerged recently as promising therapeutic targets. Using human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells belonging to various molecular groups, we tested the efficacy of HSP90, HSP70, and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) inhibitors alone or associated with current antimyeloma drugs. We report here that KNK-437 (an inhibitor of HSF1) and bortezomib have additive effects on apoptosis induction in cells belonging to groups with bad prognosis.
Will doctor rating sites improve standards of care? Yes
Authors: N. Bacon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK government has signalled its support for rating sites with the decision to set up its own through the NHS Choices website. <b>Neil Bacon </b>believes they provide essential feedback for doctors, but <b>Margaret McCartney (</b>doi:10.1136/bmj.b1033) is concerned that the potential harms are still unclear
ECT and lithium.
Authors: E H Bennie
Journal: BMJ (1978)

underestimated in the past.There are three main factors involved in this transfer of Phoenix/Delphi: (1) translation from one patois of Coral to another; (2) transfer from Modular One to a Ferranti Argus computer;(3) transfer from a teaching hospital to a district general hospital.Experience to date confirms that even this simple exercise needs close co-operation from both the hospital laboratories and the manufacturers.The task is intellectually demanding and requires properly trained and widely experienced computer scientists as well as enthusiastic support by the laboratory staff.Once this transfer is complete there is no doubt that Phoenix/Delphi will be an econo- mical and extremely useful adjunct to our regional pathology service and to anyone else who wishes to make use of it.
Aging and the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Humans
Authors: Troy A. Markel, Joseph C. Daley, Cynthia S. Hogeman, Michael D. Herr, Mazhar H. Khan, Kristen S. Gray, Allen R. Kunselman, Lawrence I. Sinoway
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Blood flow limitation to exercising muscles engages the muscle reflex during exercise, evoking an increase in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).In the current study, we examined forearm flow and autonomic responses to ischemic handgrip in young and older subjects. We studied 6 younger subjects (mean age 23.5+/-2.2 years) and 7 older subjects (mean age 65.0+/-2.4 years). Subjects performed rhythmic handgrip (thirty 1-sec contractions/min) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction during six 1-minute stages: freely perfused exercise (E1) and exercise with forearm pressure of +10, +20, +30, +40, and +50 mm Hg (E2 through E6). We measured HR, BP, MSNA, forearm flow velocity, forearm venous oxygen saturation, H(+), and lactate. Compared with E1, ischemic exercise (E2 through E6) increased HR, BP, and MSNA, reduced forearm velocity, lowered venous oxygen saturation, and raised venous lactate and H(+). Compared with the younger subjects, the older subjects had attenuated BP at E6, attenuated MSNA indices (%(Delta)bursts, bursts/100 heart beats and signal averaged MSNA), attenuated H(+) at E6, a trend toward higher levels of oxygen saturation, and similar forearm velocity and HR responses.Aging attenuates the muscle reflex.
Clinical skills in final year medical students
Authors: K. Longman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dr Tucker (February 2002 JRSM1) suggests that medical schools have lost enthusiasm for competency as an aim in itself, describing the value of his experience as a ‘shadow’ house officer when a final year student at St George's in the 1970s. Competency has not been forgotten by the present generation of clinical tutors at St George's. As a final year student I am currently partaking in my shadows as Dr Tucker once did—assisting an already qualified house officer in completion of forms, running errands, taking blood, learning other practical procedures and interacting with many members of the multidisciplinary team. During this time I have had ample opportunity to gain experience of the eight core clinical skills identified by Goodfellow and Claydon in their initial study2. The medical school has always made clear that, while it may facilitate my clinical learning, it cannot provide the same experiences and exposure for each student; I am ultimately responsible for my own learning, and have been well directed to this aim. St George's provides written learning objectives and offers access to a clinical skills laboratory, to supplement teaching by senior clinicians. We also record our experience in logbooks. Whilst I cannot claim total confidence in all clinical skills, the grounding has been good; and the ‘Introduction to the PRHO year’ lecture course held by St George's shortly after finals is said to be informative and useful.

Although satisfied by my training so far, two developments are cause for concern. The first is the introduction of shift-systems for junior doctors, preventing continuity in education with patients throughout their training; and the second is the negative influence of medicolegal issues, limiting the activities of students. These factors might prevent my generation from gaining all the experience that our seniors enjoyed at the same level.
Multicenter Retrospective Evaluation of Capsule Endoscopy in Clinical Routine
Authors: A. Maieron, D. Hubner, B. Blaha, C. Deutsch, T. Schickmair, A. Ziachehabi, E. Kerstan, P. Knoflach, R. Schoefl
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: The small bowel is anatomically difficult to examine; disease conditions are rarely located in it, but can be serious. Neither conventional radiography nor push enteroscopy has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect distinct lesions. Wireless capsule endoscopy can theoretically allow imaging of the entire small bowel, with only minimal discomfort for the patient. Patients and Methods: Between November 2001 and May 2003, 191 patients received 195 capsules. Data were collected retrospectively from consecutive patients in three centers. The indications for capsule endoscopy were obscure or occult bleeding, suspected Crohn's disease, or other reasons in 151, 25, and 15 patients, respectively. The clinical outcome after 6 months was evaluated on the basis of interviews with patients or relatives. Results: Visualization of the entire small bowel was adequate in 78.4 % of the examinations. The colon was not reached in 16.9 % of cases, and there were minor technical problems in 4.6 %. Relevant pathological findings were identified in 56.2 % of 151 patients with obscure bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia (64 % of whom received blood transfusions). The most common findings were angiodysplasia in 39.7 % of cases and ulcers of the small bowel in 7.3 %. In addition, individual cases of tumors and parasitic worms were detected. Seven of the 25 patients with suspected Crohn's disease (28 %) had the disease confirmed. Three of five patients with polyposis syndrome of the colon were found to have polyps in the small bowel. Conclusions: Wireless capsule endoscopy can be recommended as part of the routine work-up in patients with obscure bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia. In patients with Crohn's disease, the method may be helpful in establishing or ruling out the diagnosis.
Studies of Tissue Response to Injections of Enzymes
Authors: SAMUEL T. SCHLAMOWITZ, EVELYN MORRISON, MAXWELL SCHUBERT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Hyaluronic acid, a mucopolysaccharide, is present in a variety of tissues, including the skin, vitreous humor, and synovial fluid. It is depolymerized and hydrolyzed by hyaluronidase, with the liberation of a hexosamine and glucuronic acid. A significant elevation of tissue hexosamine occurred at the injection sites and in the subsequent "nodules" following the subcutaneous injection of trypsin. The subcutaneous injection of hyaluronidase alone caused no change; it was rapidly and completely diffused. The subcutaneous "nodules" and significant hexosamine changes which developed at the sites where trypsin was injected into a hyaluronidase-treated area closely resembled those which occurred with tryspin alone. Of interest is the significant leukocytosis which occurred only in those rabbits which received both hyaluronidase and trypsin.
Characterization of Mummy Bone Ochronotic Pigment
Authors: Sandra L. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Radiologic examination of an Egyptian mummy showed characteristic radiologic changes seen in ochronosis. Desiring to confirm the diagnosis of ochronosis, punch biopsy samples of ochronotic mummy bone were removed for biochemical analysis. An organic solvent extraction procedure was developed to selectively isolate mummy ochronotic pigment, and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the pigment as a homogentisicacid—derived polymer. (<i>JAMA</i>240:136-138, 1978)
Abstract PD02-06: Concordance between immunohistochemistry and FISH(fluorescence in sity hybridization) &amp; SISH(silver in situ hybridization) for assessment of the HER2
Authors: M-R Lee, S-H Cho, D-C Kim, K-C Lee, J-H Lee, H-C Kwon, H-W Lee, S-e Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Goals: Accurate assessment of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) of invasive breast cancer with Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) &amp; Silver in situ hybridization(SISH) is very important to decide treatment of targeted therapy with the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib. The accuracy of these three testing methods can be adversely affected by various factors. We performed a retrospective analysis of the concordance of IHC and FISH &amp; SISH analysis for HER2/neu at Donga-A Medical Center and reviewed possible causes of disparity between these two methods. Methods: We performed retrospective review of a total of 416 invasive ductal carcinomas evaluated for HER2/neu at the Department of Surgery in Dong-A Medical Center between 2005 and 2011. We reviewed this data retrospectively and evaluated the concordance between IHC and FISH &amp; SISH. Results: Comparison of the routinely assessed immunohistochemical HER2 status and FISH &amp; SISH revealed that ten invasive carcinomas diagnosed immunohistochemically as highly overexpressed (score 3+) did not show amplification of the HER2 gene by FISH n that these are false positives (SISH: false positive: 7 cases). Eight invasive carcinomas diagnosed immunohistochemically as Negatively expressed (score 0) showed amplification of the HER2 gene by SISH on that these are false negative. Fourteen tumor, which scored as 2+ by IHC, was proven to be amplified on initial testing with FISH (SISH: 6 cases). Concordance between IHC and FISH analysis was good (171/181= 94.5%) (false positive: 5.5%) (SISH: 228/235=97.0%, false positive 3.4%, false negative 2.9%) and within the published range. Conclusion: IHC as first-line testing for HER2 may result in false positive and false negative results. The novel ASCO/CAP criteria for the immunohistochemical evaluation of the HER2 status may prevent some false positive results. The discordant cases between IHC and FISH &amp; SISH represent a well-recognized subset of genetic heterogeneity in HER2/neu, which is known to contribute to positive IHC and negative FISH &amp; SISH tests. The most powerful method for studying HER2 status is ISH. However, in heterogeneous carcinomas even FISH may not succeed in a correct evaluation of HER2. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD02-06.