tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K+ activity in swine.
Authors: J L Hill, L S Gettes
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We studied the time course, magnitude and homogeneity of the change in extracellular myocardial potassium activity after acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in pigs using potassium-sensitive electrodes made from a valinomycin-polyvinyl chloride matrix membrane. We also studied the relationship between the changes in potassium activity and the simultaneous changes in ventricular activation using the reference barrel of the K+ electrode to record ventricular electrograms. We found that the K+ rose sooner, more rapidly and to higher levels than previously reported. The K+ changes occurred in three phases: a phase of rapidly rising K+ that began within seconds of the ligation and lasted 5-15 minutes, a plateau phase that lasted approximately 15 minutes and a phase of slowly rising K+ that extended throughout the longest occlusion (60 minutes) used in this study. The K+ changes were reversed by release of the occlusion during the rapidly rising and plateau phases, but were not reversed by release of the occlusion during the phase of slowly rising K+. Inhomogeneities in the K+ rise appeared between the center and lateral margins of the midmyocardial ischemic zone, between the subendocardium and the subepicardium in the center of the ischemic zone, and between closely spaced electrodes located in the midmyocardial center of the ischemic zone. Thus, the change in K+ activity, as recorded by our electrodes, can be considered an excellent marker of ischemia. Changes in ventricular activation paralleled the K+ rise, the inhomogeneities of K+ rise and the reversal of the K+ rise after release but could not be entirely explained by the change in K+.
Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer—Reply
Authors: Peter B. Bach, James R. Jett, Ugo Pastorino, Melvyn S. Tockman, Stephen J. Swensen, Colin B. Begg
Journal: JAMA (2007)

In Reply: The comments of Drs Gopal and Budoff concern the use of cardiac CT for lung cancer screening, an indication that we did not examine. We acknowledge the important additional strengths of the National Lung Screening Trial design highlighted by Drs Berg and Aberle.
Anthracycline‐based therapy of de novo acute myeloid leukemia in adults: Failure of first‐cyde cytoreduction to predict second‐cycle outcome
Authors: Dale E. Hammerschmidt, Mary T. Wild Crea
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract During 1971–1988, 194 adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received initial therapy at the University of Minnesota with an anthracycline‐based regimen. Seventy‐two of the 194 required further chemotherapy and received a second cycle of the same or similar therapy; 63 of these 72 were evaluable. For each marrow, a tumor burden index (TBI) was calculated, as the product of the marrow cellularity and the proportion of malignant cells. For each patient, the decrement in TBI between the initial and day ≈14 marrows was recorded. Patients who achieved second‐cycle CR were comparable to those who did not in general descriptors; there was no difference between second‐cycle CR achievers and nonachievers in the cytoreduction efleeted by the Initial cycle of therapy (74.9% ± 4.5% [σ] versus 71.9% = 5.9%). We then stratified patients according to the first‐cycle cytoreduction, asking if we could find a level that was reliably predictive of increased or decreased likelihood of achieving CR with cycle 2. We could not, despite testing at many centite cuts. Patients achieving a very “poor” degree of cytoreduction In cycle 1 were as likely to achieve CR with cycle 2 as were patients having a very “good” initial cytoreduction. We conclude that (1) first‐cycle response is not a useful predictor of second‐cycle outcome in anthracycline‐based therapy of de novo adult AML; and (2) a “poor” response to cycle 1 does not therefore a priori indicate a change to a different regimen for cycle 2. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology: friend or foe?
Authors: J A H R Claassen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

G eriatric research is rapidly growing. Twenty years ago it was nearly impossible to find a trial that included old people. The major subject heading (MeSH) term “aged, 80 and over” wasn't introduced until 1986. But in the past 10 years more than 10 000 randomised controlled trials were published that included this age group.

Alzheimer's disease is a good example of a geriatric disease that has long been ignored. It took us a while to realise that this devastating and incurable disease is about to become a pandemic. In the past decade we started a frantic search for clues that might lead to its cure. Since no one really knew where to start, we asked our friend epidemiology for help. Large cohorts of elderly people were studied. Epidemiologists looked for correlations, hoping to identify factors associated with a reduced risk of dementia. And with success. They gave us, among others, hormone replacement therapy in women and two groups of drugs, statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). …
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Pericardial Effusion
Authors: ANTHONY BOHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Pericardial EffusionANTHONY BOHAN, M.D., J.D.ANTHONY BOHAN, M.D., J.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-147_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Polymyalgia rheumatica has been defined as a syndrome of symmetrical pain in the proximal muscles of the limbs, with marked morning stiffness, that occurs in patients 55 years of age or older, with a sedimentation rate greater than 50 mm/h. As little as 10 mg/d of prednisone usually relieves symptoms within a week (1).An association of this syndrome with giant cell arteritis has been noted, as well as with weight loss, fever, loss of vision, anemia, headaches, claudication, arteritis of large vessels, aortic aneurysm, neurologic manifestations, and liver involvement (2-4). To this list can be added...References1. BIRDESSELINCKXDIXON HWA. An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 1979;38:434-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FESSELPEARSON WC. Polymyalgia rheumatica and blindness. N Engl J Med. 1967;276:1403-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KLEINHUNDERSTANSONSHEPS RGAS. Large artery involvement in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:806-12. LinkGoogle Scholar4. LITWACKBOHANSILVERMAN KAL. Granulomatous liver disease and giant cell arteritis: case report and literature review. J Rheum. 1977;4:3, 307-12. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: UCLA/Harbor Medical Center Torrance CA 90509 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPolymyalgia RheumaticaPolimialgia reumática con derrame pleuropericárdico: una asociación infrecuenteRheumatic Polymyalgia With Pleuropericardial Effusion: An Uncommon AssociationPleuropericardial effusion: an unusual presentation of polymyalgia rheumaticaPresentación de un caso de derrame pleurocárdico en un paciente diagnosticado de polimialgia reumáticaPleural and Pericardial Effusion in a Patient With Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Case PresentationPericardial Involvement as an Atypical Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis: Report of a Clinical Case and Literature ReviewPolymyalgia Rheumatica as an Unusual Cause of Pleural and Pericardial EffusionPericardial and pleural effusion in giant cell arteritis 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 147-147KeywordsGiant cellsLiverMusclesMyalgiaPainPolymyalgia rheumaticaRheumatic painStiffnessVisionWeight loss Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Spotlight on atrial fibrillation—the 'complete arrhythmia'
Authors: Stanley Nattel, Maurits Allessie, Michel Haissaguerre
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The French sometimes refer to atrial fibrillation (AF) as ‘l'arythmie complete’, which literally means ‘the complete arrhythmia’. The actual sense in French is that AF results in complete irregularity of cardiac rhythm. However, AF can also be considered the ‘complete’ arrhythmia in the sense of the consummate nature of its mechanisms and determinants. There is evidence for involvement of all forms of arrhythmia mechanisms in AF, including enhanced automaticity, delayed afterdepolarizations, early afterdepolarizations and reentry. A rich and wide range of determinants have been found to be involved in the pathophysiology of AF—various forms of ionic remodeling, structural remodeling, changes in connexin function and distribution, a whole gamut of signaling systems, anatomical determinants related to the complex three-dimensional atrial structure, hemodynamic factors and the involvement of electrical activity in the great veins. Research on the mechanisms of AF, and related therapeutic developments, has exploded over the past 10 years, and the present Spotlight Issue of Cardiovascular Research is meant to express some of this effervescence.

The first historical reference to what may have been AF appeared approximately 4000 years ago, in The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen): “When the pulse is irregular and tremulous and the beats occur at intervals, then the impulse of life fades” [1]. In the late 1700s, William Withering described a patient with a weak, irregular pulse that became “more full and more regular” after treatment with extracts from the foxglove ( Digitalis purpurea ) [1]. Bouilland described “ataxia of the pulse” in 1835, referring to a pulse with varying inter-beat intervals [2]. Nothnagel used recently-developed graphical techniques of analyzing arterial pulses to describe a condition in which “heartbeats follow each other in complete irregularity…, the height and tension of the individual pulse waves are continuously changing”, which … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-514-376-3330; fax: +1-514-376-1355
WARTIME PROBLEMS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Authors: THOMAS PARRAN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The physicians of the United States face a task of historic importance. It is a rearguard action as one considers the net saving of life and decrease in suffering. It is in the front line of attack with regard to its potentiality to strengthen the arm of the fighting forces and speed the day of final victory. One point must be made clear in the beginning: the Medical Corps of the Army and Navy have responsibility for the medical care of the personnel of the armed forces. The ratio of physicians to the strength of those forces must of necessity be larger than the ratio of physicians per thousand of the general population. The Public Health Service, working in partnership with the state health authorities, has responsibility for general health conditions of the whole remaining population— more than one hundred and twenty millions—even when the whole military and naval force
Same shortcomings of NHS have existed for years
Authors: J. Walton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Successful leadership requires range of stylesEditor-Treasure's views and comments after the NHS Confederation's leadership conference make interesting reading. 1 The leadership style of consultants covers a broad spectrum that could be described as ranging from "huggy touchy feely" all the way up to "Attila the Hun meets Genghis Khan."A similar spectrum exists in managers.The British government's own Cabinet Office expert report on public service leadership indicates that successful leaders need to adopt a range of styles depending on the situation. 2That may include having to resort at times to coercive, browbeating styles.Many consultants would perhaps choose to operate in the lower or middle range of the style spectrum.At times when managers do not listen to consultants' reasonable concerns about the delivery of safe, effective, high quality services there may be no option but reluctantly to wheel out Attila and Genghis to protect both patients and consultants.Treasure is very fortunate to be in a specialty that is comparatively rich in resources and having its concerns addressed by major
Rationing joint replacements: Trust's decision seems to be based on prejudice or attributing blame…
Authors: Nicholas Finer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rationing in response to NHS deficits: rural patients are likely to be affected most See News, p 1426Editor-News that pressing financial problems have caused NHS trusts in Suffolk to set new "thresholds" to treatments such as joint replacements reinforces concerns raised by a recent BMA survey of medical directors of trusts in which over a third of respondents anticipated reductions of key services in response to funding shortfalls. 1 2 What has hitherto escaped comment is how cuts in services are far more likely to be felt in some parts of the country than others.Deficits in the NHS are invariably presented as a problem of financial mismanagement, but the pattern of deficits shows that the current resource allocation model discriminates against particular communities.According to the recently published accounts for 2004-5, 3 89 out of 303 (30%) English primary care trusts ended the year in deficit.The table shows how 301 of these trusts are distributed accorded to fifths of deprivation and rurality.Primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most rural and the least deprived fifth were most likely to be in financial difficulties.Seventeen of the 25 (68%) in this category were in deficit.These trusts received the lowest funding allocation per head (£995).By contrast, only 3% (one of 34) of the primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most urban and the most deprived fifths failed to break even in 2004-5.These trusts received the highest funding allocations per head (£1405).This shows that poor financial management can at best only partly explain why some trusts are in deficit.The pattern of deficits implies that NHS funding provides insufficient resources for rural areas, for comparatively affluent areas, and, most particularly, for areas that are both rural and affluent.The risk is that such measures will result in NHS services being subject to a new postcode lottery, in which rural residents are more likely to lose out.
Genome‐wide association study of N370S homozygous Gaucher disease reveals the candidacy of <i>CLN8</i> gene as a genetic modifier contributing to extreme phenotypic variation
Authors: Clarence K. Zhang, Philip B. Stein, Jun Liu, Zuoheng Wang, Ruhua Yang, Judy H. Cho, Peter K. Gregersen, Johannes M.F.G. Aerts, Hongyu Zhao, Gregory M. Pastores, Pramod K. Mistry
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Mutations in GBA1 gene result in defective acid β-glucosidase and the complex phenotype of Gaucher disease (GD) related to the accumulation of glucosylceramide-laden macrophages. The phenotype is highly variable even among patients harboring identical GBA1 mutations. We hypothesize that modifier gene(s) underlie phenotypic diversity in GD and performed a GWAS study in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with type 1 GD (GD1), homozygous for N370S mutation. Patients were assigned to mild, moderate, or severe disease categories using composite disease severity scoring systems. Whole-genome genotyping for >500,000 SNPs was performed to search for association signals using OQLS algorithm in 139 eligible patients. Several SNPs in linkage disequilibrium within the CLN8 gene locus were associated with the GD1 severity: SNP rs11986414 was associated with GD1 severity at P value 1.26 × 10(-6) . Compared to mild disease, risk allele A at rs11986414 conferred an odds ratio of 3.72 for moderate/severe disease. Loss of function mutations in CLN8 causes neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, but our results indicate that its increased expression may protect against severe GD1. In cultured skin fibroblasts, the relative expression of CLN8 was higher in mild GD compared to severely affected patients, in whom CLN8 risk alleles were overrepresented. In an in vitro cell model of GD, CLN8 expression was increased, which was further enhanced in the presence of bioactive substrate, glucosylsphingosine. Taken together, CLN8 is a candidate modifier gene for GD1 that may function as a protective sphingolipid sensor and/or in glycosphingolipid trafficking. Future studies should explore the role of CLN8 in pathophysiology of GD.
Operative Surgery General Principles, Breast and Hernia
Authors: R. B. Welbourn
Journal: Gut (1978)

enteropathy and another almost as short on malabsorption syndromes.The choice of references, especially in the first part, is strangely arbitrary.The section on para- sitic diseases is better organised and pro- vides much useful data in compact form, and the last pages give a useful summary of the main antiparasitic drugs, with data on dosage and toxicity.
IMPACT OF SMOKING STATUS ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH PRASUGREL VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES MANAGED WITHOUT revascularization: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRILOGY ACS TRIAL
Authors: J.H. Cornel, E. Magnus Ohman, Benjamin Neely, Peter Clemmensen, Piyamitr Sritara, Dmitry Zamoryakhin, Paul Armstrong, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Harvey White, Keith Fox, Paul Gurbel, Matthew Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Madelon Powers
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
T cell mediated cerebral hemorrhages and microhemorrhages during passive Aβ immunization in APPPS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Melanie Meyer-Luehmann, J Rodrigo Mora, Matthew Mielke, Tara L Spires-Jones, Alix de Calignon, Ulrich H von Andrian, Bradley T Hyman
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Immunization against amyloid-β (Aβ), the peptide that accumulates in the form of senile plaques and in the cerebrovasculature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), causes a dramatic immune response that prevents plaque formation and clears accumulated Aβ in transgenic mice. In a clinical trial of Aβ immunization, some patients developed meningoencephalitis and hemorrhages. Neuropathological investigations of patients who died after the trial showed clearance of amyloid pathology, but also a powerful immune response involving activated T cells probably underlying the negative effects of the immunization.To define the impact of T cells on this inflammatory response we used passive immunization and adoptive transfer to separate the effect of IgG and T cell mediated effects on microhemorrhage in APPPS1 transgenic mice. Neither anti Aβ IgG nor adoptively transferred T cells, alone, led to increased cerebrovascular damage. However, the combination of adoptively transferred T cells and passive immunization led to massive cerebrovascular bleeding that ranged from multiple microhemorrhages in the parenchyma to large hematomas.Our results indicate that vaccination can lead to Aβ and T cell induced cerebral micro-hemorrhages and acute hematomas, which are greatly exacerbated by T cell mediated activity.
Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide to Detect Preclinical Ventricular Systolic or Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Margaret M. Redfield, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Steven J. Jacobsen, Douglas W. Mahoney, Kent R. Bailey, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Preclinical systolic or diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We postulated that plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) might serve as a biomarker for preclinical ventricular dysfunction (PCVD) but that the discriminatory values for BNP may vary with age and sex.We measured BNP, systolic and diastolic ventricular function, and clinical parameters in 2042 randomly selected residents of Olmsted County, Minn, aged 45 years or older. For preclinical systolic dysfunction, the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve were higher for those with more severe (0.82 to 0.92) than any (0.51 to 0.74) systolic dysfunction and were similar in men and women and in younger and older persons. For preclinical diastolic dysfunction, the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve were higher for those with moderate-to-severe (0.74 to 0.79) than any (0.52 to 0.68) diastolic dysfunction and were similar regardless of age or sex. Optimal discriminatory values of BNP varied with age and sex. Considering the prevalence of preclinical systolic or diastolic dysfunction and the predictive characteristics observed, using BNP to screen for PCVD would necessitate echo in 10% to 40% of those screened, with most confirmatory echocardiograms being negative, and would miss 10% to 60% of those affected.BNP is a suboptimal screening test for PCVD in the population.
Papers from the past.
Authors: J Howie
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Patients with cancer often suffer severe pain that is not relieved with systemic analgesics and requires further treatment options. This study aims to investigate whether peripheral nerve blocks are a feasible treatment option in patients with incurable cancer who suffer from severe pain. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with advanced cancer who received a peripheral nerve block for the management of pain at the Tampere University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The characteristics of the patients’ features of the nerve blocks, opioid dosing (daily morphine equivalent) before and after the blocks, and patient-reported pain relief following peripheral block were assessed from the medical records. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen of the 17 patients included in this study received pain relief through a nerve block. Daily opioid dose was decreased with the block in 12 (71%) patients with a median change in daily morphine equivalent of −20 mg (IQR: −180 to 9). One infection of the catheter and two other transient adverse events occurred, but none was serious or fatal. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Peripheral nerve blocks seem safe and may provide considerable analgesia and decrease the need for opioids in patients with advanced cancer.