tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TUBERCULIDES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN INFANCY
Authors: JEROME S. LEOPOLD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

During the past few years it has become more and more evident that tuberculosis in infancy is by no means as rare a disease as was formerly thought. The various tuberculin reactions have aided greatly in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in infancy. A positive tuberculin reaction in infancy generally means an active tuberculous focus. But before we scarify the skin of an infant, or rub an ointment into it, or inject fluid under or into its skin, there must be some sign or symptom that would lead us to suspect tuberculosis. It is a peculiarity of infancy, however, that most of the signs and symptoms are often absent. In a typical case of tuberculosis in infancy the following symptom-complex is present: anemia, loss in weight, elevated and irregular temperature, "bronchial gland," cough, often expiratory dyspnea (Schick), general glandular enlargement (and in this respect the enlargement of the supraclavicular and anterior axillary
Abstract B67: The epigenetic regulator Hmga2 is sufficient to initiate prostate cancer via paracrine Wnt signaling
Authors: Yang Zong, Jiaoti Huang, Owen N. Witte
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Carcinomas result from the stepwise acquisition of multiple genetic alterations within the epithelial compartment. The surrounding stroma, including extracellular matrix, blood vasculature, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, also plays important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Aberrant microenvironment resulting from aging and chronic inflammation as well as tumor stress can provide “field effects” to facilitate the development of multifocal malignant lesions with independent clonal origin. Given the rare frequency of genetic changes identified in cancer associated stroma, it is likely that epigenetic alterations, such as histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, could contribute to the tumor-promoting phenotype of cancer associated stromal cells. Here we utilize high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (Hmga2), a nonenzymatic epigenetic regulator, to modify prostate stromal cells, and demonstrate that perturbation of the microenvironment by stromal-specific overexpression of this chromatin remodeling protein is sufficient to induce multiple high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions from adjacent naïve epithelial cells. The growth-promoting effects of Hmga2-expressing stromal cells are predominantly mediated by increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling and preferentially act on prostate stem cells-enriched basal epithelial cells. Enhancement of Hmga2-induced paracrine signaling by overexpression of androgen receptor (AR) in the stroma drives full carcinoma in the adjacent epithelial tissues, indicating that combined targeted therapies against augmented Wnt and stromal AR signaling may represent as an effective treatment strategy for prostate cancer. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the critical contribution of epigenetic changes in stromal cells to multifocal tumorigenesis, and for the first time reveal that Hmga2, a cell intrinsic oncoprotein, could exert its function via paracrine Wnt signaling. Citation Format: Yang Zong, Jiaoti Huang, Owen N. Witte. The epigenetic regulator Hmga2 is sufficient to initiate prostate cancer via paracrine Wnt signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
Impact of the Degree of Peri-Interventional Platelet Inhibition After Loading With Clopidogrel on Early Clinical Outcome of Elective Coronary Stent Placement
Authors: Willibald Hochholzer, Dietmar Trenk, Hans-Peter Bestehorn, Benjamin Fischer, Christian M. Valina, Miroslaw Ferenc, Michael Gick, Angelika Caputo, Heinz Joachim Büttner, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Incidence of breast cancer in Norway and Sweden during introduction of nationwide screening: prospective cohort study
Authors: Per-Henrik Zahl, Bjørn Heine Strand, Jan Mæhlen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To determine whether any increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women detected by mammography is compensated for by a drop in the incidence after age 69, years when women are no longer invited for screening.Population based cohort study of incidence of breast cancer during the introduction of nationwide screening programmes.Norway and Sweden.All women aged above 30 years (1.4 and 2.9 million, respectively, in 2000).Changes in age specific incidence rates of invasive breast cancer associated with the introduction of the screening programmes.As a result of screening the recorded incidence of breast cancer in women aged 50-69 years increased by 54% in Norway and 45% in Sweden. There was no corresponding decline in incidence after the age of 69 years.Without screening one third of all invasive breast cancers in the age group 50-69 years would not have been detected in the patients' lifetime. This level of overdiagnosis is larger than previously reported.
Effects of varying electrode configuration with catheter-mediated defibrillator pulses at the coronary sinus orifice in dogs.
Authors: F Coltorti, G H Bardy, D Reichenbach, H L Greene, R Thomas, D G Breazeale, T D Ivey
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We compared two methods of delivering single damped sine-wave defibrillator pulses to the coronary sinus orifice in 20 dogs. Ten dogs had "unipolar" (coronary sinus to precordial disc) and 10 had "bipolar" (coronary sinus proximal to coronary sinus distal electrode) discharges. Delivered voltage, current, and energy were recorded during each pulse. Electrophysiologic testing was done before and 4 weeks after the procedure. Histologic examination of the atrioventricular groove was done at 1 mm serial sections. For the unipolar configuration a 200 J defibrillator pulse resulted in a peak voltage of 3370 +/- 125 V, a peak current of 21 +/- 4 A, and a delivered energy of 253 +/- 29 J as compared with 3010 +/- 99 V, 70 +/- 4 A, and 144 +/- 18 J, respectively, for the bipolar configuration (p less than .001). Three dogs (two with bipolar, one with unipolar pulses) had gross coronary sinus rupture and died from acute pericardial tamponade. In addition, irrespective of electrode configuration, all dogs showed microscopic rupture of the coronary sinus internal elastic membrane. Transmural atrial scarring occurred in all 10 dogs that received a unipolar pulse but in only two dogs that received a bipolar pulse (p = .0004). Unlike the atrium, injury to the left ventricle was limited in both groups. Similarly, injury to the periannular myocardium was inconsistent and not transmural in either group. No significant electrophysiologic changes were observed. With the present technique, unipolar rather than bipolar catheter-mediated defibrillator pulses result in transmural atrial injury that might prevent accessory pathway conduction. Regardless of electrode configuration, high-energy defibrillator pulses consistently cause some degree of coronary sinus rupture, most likely related to a barotraumatic mechanism.
Cancer in the Elderly: Basic Science and Clinical Aspects
Authors: DAVID A. LIPSCHITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The incidence of cancer increases progressively with age. Rearrangements of genomes have been found to accompany cellular aging. These factors, in concert with age-dependent alterations in immune function and host defense, may help to explain the increased risk of malignant disease in aged persons. The clinical presentation and natural history of neoplasia are also affected by aging. This conference reviews recent developments in these areas, examines the effects of drug use in the elderly and implications for management, and discusses current information on how age may influence the response of cancer to therapy.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PLAQUE MORPHOLOGY OF CULPRIT LESIONS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF ACS PATIENTS: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Yasushi Ino, Hironori Kitabata, Takashi Kubo, Atsushi Tanaka, Kenichi Komukai, Takashi Tanimoto, Kouhei Ishibashi, Tomizou Masuno, Shigeho Takarada, Aiko Shimokado, Akio Kuroi, Kumiko Hirata, Keizou Kimura, Masato Mizukoshi, Toshio Imanishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
In Vitro Generation of Lymphohematopoietic Cells from Endothelial Cells Purified from Murine Embryos
Authors: Shin-Ichi Nishikawa, Satomi Nishikawa, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Hisahiro Yoshida, Masami Kizumoto, Hiroshi Kataoka, Yoshimoto Katsura
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Abstract 488: Investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumor cell invasion
Authors: James Clancy, Alanna Sedgwick, Michael Method, Vandhana Chari, Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Increased MAPK signaling, small GTPase activation, cytoskeletal rearrangements and the directed targeting of proteases to sites of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, all accompany the process of tumor cell invasion. We have shown that nucleotide cycling on ARF6, a Ras-related small GTP-binding protein, regulates the release of protease-loaded, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles from tumor cells into the microenvironment to promote ECM degradation. These ‘invasive’ microvesicles can be isolated from peripheral body fluids and thereby, represent a source of disease and tissue specific markers. They are distinct from invadopodia, which also mediate cell invasion, rather they appear to be linked to amoeboid motility of tumor cells. While pre-invasive tumor cells shed microvesicles, the amount of shed microvesicles increases with invasiveness. We suggest that the release of protease-loaded microvesicles potentially serves as a mechanism to bring about matrix degradation and also deposit paracrine information at distal locations, creating paths of “least resistance” as tumor cells traverse distances and invade through surrounding tissue. Invadopodia, on the other hand, facilitate pericellular proteolysis of the ECM at the cell's invasive front and appear to be linked to mesenchymal type of tumor cell motility. Rho GTPase signaling in part governs whether tumor cells produce invadopodia or adopt the amoeboid type movement and release microvesicles. Moreover, the specific targeting of distinct cargo to each of these sites enables the biogenesis of each invasive structure. Understanding the interplay between these two invasive cell programs will provide new and important insights into the progression toward pathophysiological states. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 488. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-488
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Cardiac Catheterization in a Swine Model of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Simon Schalla, Maythem Saeed, Charles B. Higgins, Alastair Martin, Oliver Weber, Phillip Moore
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization, limited image planes, and poor soft tissue definition are disadvantages of x-ray fluoroscopy that could be overcome with the use of MRI. This study evaluates the feasibility of real-time MRI (MR fluoroscopy) to guide left and right heart catheterization.Anesthetized pigs (n=7) with defects of the atrial septum were catheterized using venous and arterial access. A prototype active tracking catheter was used to obtain blood pressures and samples from cardiac chambers and great vessels using antegrade, transseptal, and retrograde approaches. MR fluoroscopy was used for catheter steering. Velocity-encoded cine MRI was used to measure pulmonary and aortic blood flow to calculate vascular resistances. Image planes used during catheter manipulation used rapid sequencing to planes directed by the operator to include the tip of the catheter and the chamber to be entered. All areas of interest were effectively entered, and samples were obtained. In the presence of an acute atrial septal defect, a Qp/Qs ratio of 1.3+/-0.2 was measured, and no significant differences in pressure between inferior vena cava, right atrium, and left atrium were found. Pulmonary and aortic flow were 4.9+/-0.6 and 3.7+/-0.4 L/min, and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance were 312+/-134 and 2006+/-336 dyne x s x cm(-5).Left and right heart catheterization using MR guidance is feasible. The combination of hemodynamic catheterization data with anatomic and functional MRI may significantly improve the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease while avoiding radiation exposure.
Empyema Due to Splenic Abscess With Salmonella newport
Authors: Anthony J. Buscaglia
Journal: JAMA (1978)

NONTYPHOID salmonellosis occurs in four clinical patterns: (1) gastroenteritis, (2) a septic illness resembling typhoid fever, (3) focal complications, and (4) the asymptomatic carrier state. Focal complications are usually abscesses that result from bacteremia; they can occur at any site. One particular complication, empyema, has been reported infrequently. This communication describes the rare occurrence of empyema due to<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>serotype<i>newport</i>. Invasion of the pleural space by any of the<i>Salmonella</i>species is unusual, but this case is distinguished further in that its pathogenesis involved a splenic abscess with transdiaphragmatic passage of organisms. Empyema due to splenic abscess is an exceptionally unusual complication of salmonellosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old woman was hospitalized because of pleuritic chest pain, fever, and chills of eight days' duration. There was no history of exposure to contaminated food or water, alcohol or drug abuse, previous abdominal surgery, diabetes, cirrhosis, malignant tumor, or
Abstract 578: Combination of 4-HPR and EGCG induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and SK-N-DZ cells
Authors: Joseph George, Naren L. Banik, Swapan K. Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastomas are extracranial, malignant solid tumors in childhood with a dismal prognosis. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant abundant in green tea with anticancer properties. In the present investigation, we have studied the combined effect of 4-HPR and EGCG to induce apoptosis and to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression of human neuroblastoma malignant SH-SY5Y and SK-N-DZ cells in vivo. The cells were treated with 1 μM 4-HPR, 10 μM EGCG, or combination of both and subjected to MTT assay and TUNEL staining. Western blotting was performed for molecules involved in both receptor and mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathways. Angiogenesis and subcutaneous tumor growth studies were performed in immunocompromised mice. Treatment with combination of 4-HPR and EGCG resulted in more than 70% apoptosis and 80% inhibition in cell proliferation in both cell lines. Apoptosis was associated with induction of both receptor and mitochondria mediated pathways. Our in vivo angiogenesis studies demonstrated significant inhibition of neovascularization after treatment with either agent alone and complete inhibition after treatment with combination of both agents. Studies also demonstrated marked suppression of subcutaneous tumorigenesis and solid tumor formation after treatment with combination of 4-HPR and EGCG. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that treatment with combination of 4-HPR and EGCG effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and growth of neuroblastomas in vivo. Therefore, the combination of 4-HPR and EGCG could be used as a potential therapeutic regimen for effectively controlling the growth of human malignant neuroblastomas. This investigation was supported in part by the R01 grants (NS-57811 and CA-91460) from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 578.
842-2 Hemoglobin level is associated with mortality and hospitalization in patients with severe chronic heart failure: Results from the COPERNICUS study
Authors: Stefan D Anker, Andrew J.S Coats, Ellen B Roecker, Paul Mohacsi, Jean Rouleau, Henry Krum, Armin Scherhag, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Interleukin-1 receptor–like 1 polymorphisms are associated with serum IL1RL1-a, eosinophils, and asthma in childhood
Authors: Olga E.M. Savenije, Marjan Kerkhof, Naomi E. Reijmerink, Bert Brunekreef, Johan C. de Jongste, Henriëtte A. Smit, Alet H. Wijga, Dirkje S. Postma, Gerard H. Koppelman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Interferon--The First Quarter Century
Authors: T. C. Merigan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THERE has been interest in the therapeutic potential of interferon since Isaacs and Lindenmann first described this substance in 1957.<sup>1</sup>However, the supply of interferon for clinical trials has been very limited until the last year or so. Ironically, the short supply of material during the past quarter century still allowed more fundamental background knowledge to be accrued for interferon than for any other therapeutic agent previously studied in man. Many studies using in vitro and animal models of human disease were undertaken, but the number of clinical studies was few, and these were small in scale. These studies used crude material and, as reviewed here, showed biologic activity of interferon in man by showing a beneficial effect in a limited number of viral and neoplastic diseases. The most striking effects were obtained in animals when interferon was applied early in the disease process, that is, either before the
Mutations in TJP2 cause progressive cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Melissa Sambrotta, Sandra Strautnieks, Efterpi Papouli, Peter Rushton, Barnaby E Clark, David A Parry, Clare V Logan, Lucy J Newbury, Binita M Kamath, Simon Ling, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Bart E Wagner, John C Magee, Ronald J Sokol, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Joshua D Smith, Colin A Johnson, Patricia McClean, Michael A Simpson, A S Knisely, Laura N Bull, Richard J Thompson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Microbiology of aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Eija Könönen, Hans‐Peter Müller
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract For decades, A ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been considered the most likely etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis. Implementation of DNA ‐based microbiologic methodologies has considerably improved our understanding of the composition of subgingival biofilms, and advanced open‐ended molecular techniques even allow for genome mapping of the whole bacterial spectrum in a sample and characterization of both the cultivable and not‐yet‐cultivable microbiota associated with periodontal health and disease. Currently, A . actinomycetemcomitans is regarded as a minor component of the resident oral microbiota and as an opportunistic pathogen in some individuals. Its specific JP 2 clone, however, shows properties of a true exogenous pathogen and has an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis in certain populations. Still, limited data exist on the impact of other microbes specifically in aggressive periodontitis. Despite a wide heterogeneity of bacteria, especially in subgingival samples collected from patients, bacteria of the red complex in particular, and those of the orange complex, are considered as potential pathogens in generalized aggressive periodontitis. These types of bacterial findings closely resemble those found for chronic periodontitis, representing a mixed polymicrobial infection without a clear association with any specific microorganism. In aggressive periodontitis, the role of novel and not‐yet‐cultivable bacteria has not yet been elucidated. There are geographic and ethnic differences in the carriage of periodontitis‐associated microorganisms, and they need to be taken into account when comparing study reports on periodontal microbiology in different study populations. In the present review, we provide an overview on the colonization of potential periodontal pathogens in childhood and adolescence, and on specific microorganisms that have been suspected for their role in the initiation and progression of aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
Taking a Spiritual History
Authors: H. G. Koenig
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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