tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radionuclide Ventriculogram in Cor Pulmonale Secondary to Multiple Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, SUNG M. KIM, CHARLES M. INTENZO, JACK McEWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 71-year-old woman had a radionuclide ventriculogram for an evaluation of increasing shortness of breath. The scan depicted “pure” right-sided ventricular dilatation with a decreased ejection fraction secondary to multiple pulmonary emboli. This was confirmed by a ventilation/perfusion lung scan.
Parenteral antimalarial drugs: availability in acute hospitals.
Authors: S. Panday, D. K. Raynor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

be a way of detecting early angina and arrhythmias after infarction and patients at high risk34 who would benefit from surgery.Though our study was not strictly randomised or controlled, the results show that there are differences in outcome between two different management policies: in one exercise testing, treatment with f blockers, angiography, and coronary artery bypass grafting were used more often and this resulted in a lower mortality and morbidity.Whether the cost of these procedures justifies the results is difficult to ascertain.
EFFECTIVE REPERFUSION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR BRANCHES DURING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION, PROTECTS RIGHT VENTRICLE AGAINST INFARCTION REGARDLESS OF INITIAL ANGIOGRAPHIC CONDITION
Authors: Marek Tomala, Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka, Maciej Klaczynski, Wojciech Zajdel, Anton Chrustowicz, Krzysztof Zmudka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
OT-02 * PEDIATRIC ANAPLASTIC MENINGIOMA: A CASE REPORT SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY FOR SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS AND RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: M. Lucchesi, S. Becciani, A. M. Buccoliero, A. Stival, L. Facchini, S. Farina, M. de Martino, I. Sardi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

A 2 year-old child with motor deficits and headache was referred to our Hospital with an history of speech difficulties and walking difficulties. A brain MRI scan evidenced a giant tumor of the right hemisphere with diffuse contrast enhancement, hydrocephalus and mass effect. After diagnosis, he immediately underwent neurosurgery and a massive debulking of the lesion was performed. The histological diagnosis was anaplastic meningioma (WHO-grade III). Despite radical surgery, after one-month evidence of disease progression was documented by MRI (relapse on surgical margins) and lumbar puncture (neoplastic cells in liquor sample). Rapid progression, young age and absence of successful therapeutic alternatives determined the decision to start chemotherapy with a protocol for soft tissue sarcomas (EpSSG NRSSTS 2005 protocol). The treatment was started in December 2011 and ended in April 2012, and consisted in 3 cycles of Ifosfamide (3 g/m2/day for 3 days) plus Doxorubucin (37.5 mg/m2/day for 2 days) every 21 days. The cycles were followed by Ifosfamide (3 g/m2/day for 3 days ) concomitant with radiotherapy (54 Gy on tumor primary site). A last cycle of Ifosfamide plus Doxorubicin was after performed. In the last 2 cycles, Doxorubicin dose was reduced of 50% to avoid toxicity. End therapy evaluation showed stable disease at brain MRI and absence of tumor cells in liquor sample. Nonetheless, considering risk of disease progression and of late chemotherapy side effects, a strict follow-up was started. After 3 years from diagnosis the patient showed good clinical conditions, with no evidence of disease progression. Anaplastic meningioma is the most undifferentiated, invasive and aggressive type of meningioma (approximately 1-4%). Surgery and radiotherapy are the most effective therapeutic options, while chemotherapy is usually useless. This case represents a successful management of an anaplastic meningioma with chemotherapy in a pediatric patient.
Response to Comment on: Chakkera et al. Can New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplant Be Prevented? Diabetes Care 2013;36:1406–1412
Authors: Harini A. Chakkera, Phuong-Thu Pham, Jeremy Pomeroy, E. Jennifer Weil, William C. Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Hecking et al. raise several important questions in their letter (1). First, compared with classic type 2 diabetes, how important is insulin sensitivity in the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT)? Second, compared with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, is NODAT more rapid in onset? Finally, what are the relative contributions of lifestyle intervention and exogenous insulin in prevention or early therapy of NODAT?

Abnormalities in both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are central to the development of type 2 diabetes and NODAT. We hypothesized in our article that both increase in insulin resistance and impairment in insulin …
The Hospital-Dependent Patient
Authors: David B. Reuben, Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Interview with Dr. David Reuben on the emergence of hospital-dependent patients and its clinical and ethical implications. (09:31)Download One intractable cause of readmissions is hospital-dependent patients. Medicine has yet to acknowledge the predicament of having created a population of incurable, fragile, but not yet terminally ill patients without developing a health care system that can meet their needs.
Lipopolysaccharide induces recurrence of arthritis in rat joints previously injured by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide.
Authors: S A Stimpson, R E Esser, P B Carter, R B Sartor, W J Cromartie, J H Schwab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Rat ankle joints injected intraarticularly with 5 micrograms of group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) developed an acute course of arthritis. Recurrence of arthritis was induced in 100% of these joints by intravenous injection of as little as 10 micrograms of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 wk after intraarticular injection. This reaction was similar in athymic and euthymic rats. Buffalo rats were less susceptible than Lewis or Sprague-Dawley rats. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli LPS, and S. typhimurium Re mutant LPS, were also active. Re mutant LPS activity was greatly reduced by mixing with polymyxin B. E. coli lipid A was weakly active. An acute synovitis of much less incidence, severity, and duration was seen in contralateral joints injected initially with saline, and in ankle joints of naive, previously uninjected rats after intravenous LPS injection. The intravenous injection of the muramidase mutanolysin on day 0 or 7 after intraarticular PG-APS injection prevented LPS-induced recurrence of arthritis. These studies suggest that the phlogistic activities of lipid A and peptidoglycan might interact in an inflammatory disease process, and that LPS may play a role in recurrent episodes of rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis.
Hemostatic disorders in a JAK2V617F-driven mouse model of myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Lamia Lamrani, Catherine Lacout, Véronique Ollivier, Cécile V. Denis, Elizabeth Gardiner, Benoit Ho Tin Noe, William Vainchenker, Jean-Luc Villeval, Martine Jandrot-Perrus
Journal: Blood (2014)
Clinical characteristics and long-term survival of patients with variant angina.
Authors: D B Mark, R M Califf, K G Morris, F E Harrell, D B Pryor, M A Hlatky, K L Lee, R A Rosati
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We studied 109 consecutive patients with variant angina who underwent cardiac catheterization over an 11 year period. All patients were followed for at least 6 months or until death, and 46 patients (22 treated medically and 24 treated surgically) were followed for 5 years or more. Of the 62 patients initially treated medically, 14 had nonfatal myocardial infarctions (12 within 1 month of catheterization) and 12 died (six within 6 months). Survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.77, respectively. Of the 48 surgically treated patients (including four patients initially treated medically and one initially treated with coronary angioplasty), four had nonfatal infarctions (three in the perioperative period) and three died (all in the perioperative period). The survival probability in these patients at 1 year was 0.94 and remained unchanged at 3 and 5 years. Only one nonfatal infarction and no deaths have occurred in the group of surgically treated patients subsequent to hospital discharge. Three additional patients were treated with coronary angioplasty. The single most important prognostic factor in medically treated patients was the presence or absence of fixed obstructive coronary artery disease. Infarction-free survival probabilities at 1 and 3 years in the 23 patients without significant coronary artery disease were 1.0 and 0.89, compared with 0.51 and 0.46 in the 39 patients with significant coronary disease. Analysis by the Cox model showed that variant angina patients had a higher probability of death and nonfatal infarction than did those with nonvariant angina coronary disease if other important prognostic variables were held constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fatigued muscles in COPD but no finishing line in sight
Authors: H. R. Gosker, A. M. W. J. Schols
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Decreased exercise capacity is a prominent symptom leading to progressive disablement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise capacity is frequently measured by means of incremental cycle ergometry. Although a well-established test, studies are ongoing to improve test design, test variables and data interpretation. For example, a high-intensity constant-work rate cycle ergometer test appears to be more informative than an incremental test to evaluate the outcome of rehabilitative interventions. At present, however, incremental cycle ergometry is considered the gold standard for evaluating the pathophysiology of exercise impairment in COPD 1. Besides decreased ventilatory function, skeletal muscle dysfunction has been identified as an important determinant of exercise limitation in moderate-to-severe COPD. Impaired muscle function can manifest itself as the loss of strength and/or as reduced endurance ( i.e. fatigue). Both are obviously involved in COPD but their relative contribution to exercise intolerance in individual patients is as yet unclear. In healthy subjects as well as in COPD patients, muscle strength depends largely on muscle mass or fat-free mass; fat-free mass has indeed been found to be a strong predictor of exercise capacity 2. However, the relationship between fat-free mass ( i.e. muscle strength) and exercise capacity was much weaker in COPD patients as compared with healthy controls, which may point to a more prominent role for muscle fatigue in COPD.

But how to proceed? First of all, there is an urgent need for adequate muscle function tests and reference values. The determination of muscle fatigue, however, is very complicated since there is no uniform definition of muscle fatigue and available tests …
Extending the Indications for Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: David Jayne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitides are rare, multisystem autoimmune disorders that cause irreversible injury to affected organs, especially the kidneys and respiratory tract. Therapy suppresses but does not cure the disease — in most patients, disease control is achieved by 3 to 6 months, but more than half of patients subsequently have a relapse. Current evidence supports the use of azathioprine or methotrexate, with or without glucocorticoids, as relapse-prevention agents. However, these agents have limited efficacy, and patients continue to accrue treatment-related complications.1 The risk of relapse is highest in granulomatous polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis), in association . . .
Clinical Efficacy of Monotherapy with Stavudine Compared with Zidovudine in HIV-Infected, Zidovudine-Experienced Patients
Authors: Spotswood L. Spruance
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Stavudine is a promising antiretroviral agent, but its clinical efficacy has not been determined. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of stavudine (2′,3′-didehydro-3′-deoxythymidine) monotherapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: 56 outpatient clinics in private practices, universities, and contract research organizations in the United States, France, and Italy. Patients: 822 HIV-infected adults who had 50 to 500 CD4+ cells/mm3 and had previously received at least 6 months of zidovudine treatment. Intervention: Monotherapy with peroral stavudine capsules or peroral zidovudine capsules. Measurements: The primary end point was clinical progression, which was defined as all occurrences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining events or death. Results: Patients receiving stavudine reached clinical end points at a rate of 26 per 100 person-years, compared with 32 per 100 person-years for patients receiving zidovudine (relative risk, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.98]; P = 0.03). The risk for death alone was 26% lower in the stavudine group than in the zidovudine group, but the comparison was not statistically significant (relative risk, 0.74 [CI, 0.53 to 1.02]; P = 0.066). The benefit of stavudine therapy was seen in all CD4+ cell strata (≤ 100 cells/mm3, 101 to 300 cells/mm3, and >300 cells/mm3) and clinical stages of HIV disease (asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS). Four weeks after treatment began, CD4+ cell counts were 30 cells/mm3 higher in the stavudine group than in the zidovudine group; this difference was sustained for 96 weeks (P < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting were more common in patients receiving zidovudine (P < 0.01), and neuropathy occurred more frequently in those receiving stavudine (12% in the stavudine group compared with 4% in the zidovudine group; P < 0.001). Neuropathy resolved completely in many patients (63%) after interruption of stavudine treatment; these patients could resume stavudine therapy at a lower dose. Conclusions: Stavudine was well tolerated and delayed progression of HIV disease in patients who had previously received 6 or more months of zidovudine treatment. Benefits were apparent in all CD4+ cell strata and clinical stages of HIV disease. Stavudine is an important agent to consider for trials of combination chemotherapy.
The Relation of the Physician to Proprietary Remedies.
Authors: Fred W. Sultan
Journal: JAMA (1904)

St. Louis, Dec. 13, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of December 3, under the heading "The Relation of the Physician to Proprietary Remedies," Dr. William J. Robinson indirectly assails the integrity of two houses with which I am connected. I feel it my duty to call your attention to a number of errors and gross misrepresentations, and in justice to these concerns, reputable manufacturers and patrons of your advertising pages for fifteen years, you should place this matter in its proper light before your readers. I would not undertake to answer this article as a whole, because its labored efforts are apparent and its inconsistency answers itself. Nor would I take the time to correct any statement emanating from Dr. Robinson were it not given space inThe Journalof the American Medical Association. I do not question the right of Dr. Robinson or of any physician to
Grave of Jane Crawford, the First Subject of Ovariotomy
Authors: W. N. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor  —The Kentucky Medical Society has been trying to find the grave of Jane Crawford, on whom Dr. McDowell performed his first operation for ovariotomy.  I am glad to say that I have found the grave in the Johnson Cemetery ten miles northwest of this city. It is marked by a small marble slab.  Jane Crawford, I believe, was the widow of Thomas Crawford, and came to this county with her son, the Rev. James Crawford, a Presbyterian minister, who owned a farm at that time just across the road from the cemetery. His wife, who died April 4, 1852, is buried near his mother.  I remember the Rev. James Crawford, for he was a frequent visitor in my father's home—the late Dr. John J. Thompson of this city—and I think he died at Sunrise, Iowa. His son Alexander was in Sullivan and visited my father some time
Body surface distributions of repolarization forces during acute myocardial infarction. I. Isopotential and isoarea mapping.
Authors: D M Mirvis
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Although ST-segment abnormalities during acute myocardial infarction are clinically important, the total thoracic distribution of these repolarization potentials has not been reported. To provide this information, 24 patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied. Isopotential body surface maps were constructed from potentials sensed by 150 anterior and posterior electrodes. Patterns from 12 patients with anterior lesions demonstrated the appearance of repolarization potentials 21.3 +/- 4.6 msec before the end of the QRS complex. During the ST segment, potential distributions were characterized by a single anterior maximum that remained fixed in location but increased in intensity as repolarization progressed. Distributions in the remaining subjects with inferior lesions were analogously characterized by (1) the onset of repolarization 34.6 +/- 12.4 msec before termination of the QRS complex and (2) a single anterior minimum located on the left anterior superior thorax, with positive potentials distributed around the lower thoracic margins. These data suggest that electrocardiographic changes after acute myocardial infarction include (1) marked overlap between activation and recovery patterns and (2) isopotential surface patterns with relatively simple topographic configurations, such as expected of a single-dipole equivalent cardiac generator.
Immunological study of pulmonary aspergilloma
Authors: R. Avila
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The self-management of asthma can improve clinical outcomes. Recently, mobile telephones have been widely used as an efficient, instant personal communication tool. This study investigated whether a self-care system will achieve better asthma control through a mobile telephone-based interactive programme. This was a prospective, controlled study in outpatient clinics. From 120 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma, 89 were eventually recruited for the study, with 43 in the mobile telephone group (with a mobile telephone-based interactive asthma self-care system). In the mobile telephone group, mean±sem peak expiratory flow rate significantly increased at 4 (378.2±9.3 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; n = 43; p = 0.020), 5 (378.2±9.2 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; n = 43; p = 0.008) and 6 months (382.7±8.6 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; n = 43; p = 0.001) compared to the control group. Mean±sem forced expiratory volume in 1 s significantly increased at 6 months (65.2±3.2% predicted; n = 43; p&lt;0.05). Patients in the mobile telephone group had better quality of life after 3 months, as determined using the Short Form-12® physical component score, and fewer episodes of exacerbation and unscheduled visits than the control group. Patients in the mobile telephone group significantly increased their mean daily dose of either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids compared with the control group. The mobile telephone-based interactive self-care system provides a convenient and practical self-monitoring and -management of asthma, and improves asthma control.
Mitral Regurgitant Flow and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: ANTHONY D. JOSE, L. BERNSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A direct indicator-dilution principle for measurement of regurgitant flow has been applied in the study of 39 patients with mitral valve disease. Certain technical modifications in the procedure appear to have abolished the grossly anomalous results encountered previously, enabling a degree of reliance to be placed on the quantitative measurement. With use of the measurement obtained, together with other hemodynamic data, the functional status of patients with mitral incompetence has been analyzed. The findings confirm that left ventricular failure, not mitral incompetence itself, underlies many of the criteria presently used to determine the severity of the disease, i.e., the presence of symptoms, the clinical and radiologic signs, and abnormalities in arterial dye dilution curves. These criteria are therefore probably not optimal ones on which to base selection of patients for surgical treatment, or to follow its results.
A phenomenal response to treatment by an advanced tumour
Authors: S H Rahman
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: Fibre treatment often produces gaseous symptoms which have been attributed to fermentation by colonic bacteria with increased gas production.Effects of fibre ingestion on intestinal gas flow are unexplored.Aims: We aimed to test the hypothesis that consumption of a high fibre diet retards gas transit.Subjects: Ten healthy volunteers participated.Methods: To investigate the effects of fibre on gas dynamics, physiological gas mixtures were jejunally perfused at 12 ml/min62 hours after a standard diet for seven days with and without psyllium 30 g/day in a crossover fashion.Gas was collected from an intrarectal catheter to bypass the anus and evacuation was quantified in real time using a barostat.Results: On initiating gas perfusion under control conditions, an initial lag phase with no gas expulsion was observed (1129 (274) seconds).Thereafter, gas evacuation from the rectum proceeded with cumulative volumes of 1429 (108) ml by the end of the second hour.Evacuation was pulsatile with passage of 20.9 (2.5) boluses, with mean volumes of 68.2 (5.0) ml.Fibre prolonged the lag time (2265 (304) seconds; p,0.05) and reduced cumulative gas evacuation volumes (1022 (80) ml; p,0.05).Decreased gas evacuation resulted from reductions in the numbers of bolus passages (14.2 (1.1); p,0.05) but not bolus volumes (70.7 (3.4) ml; p = 0.66).Conclusions: Consumption of a high fibre diet retards intestinal gas transit by decreasing bolus propulsion to the rectum.Thus, in addition to increasing gas production by colonic flora, fibre ingestion may elicit gaseous symptoms by promoting gas retention.
Activity of the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH66336 against BCR/ABL-induced murine leukemia and primary cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: David G. Peters, Russell R. Hoover, Melissa J. Gerlach, Eugene Y. Koh, Haiyan Zhang, Kevin Choe, Paul Kirschmeier, W. Robert Bishop, George Q. Daley
Journal: Blood (2001)
Reinventing office practice
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2005)

It is time to abandon the series of one-on-one, in person, doctor-patient visits that constitute the prevailing model of primary care office medical practice. Patients wait weeks for an appointment and then an hour to be seen. They finally get ushered in to see a doctor who can afford to give them only 15 minutes (if they are lucky) before sending them on their way. Often the appointment is not for an acute problem—which could be handled in a brief visit—but instead was scheduled to …
THE DIGESTION OF THE PROTEIDS OF COW'S MILK IN INFANCY.
Authors: FRANK X. WALLS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The proteids in cow's milk give rise to no digestive or nutritive disturbances in the feeding of young infants. If the foregoing statement be a fact, and I am convinced that it is, then the theories and practices that now hold the American profession with regard to the artificial feeding of infants must be radically altered. For years the idea of proteid indigestibility has existed, based principally on some crude test-tube experiments and the misappreciation of certain appearances of the baby's stools, and this error has lived because none challenged the hypothesis, but everybody accepted the casein indigestion as an easy explanation of the difficult digestion of cow's milk during infancy. However, such a mass of incontrovertible evidence has been presented by Escherich, Heubner and Rubner, Budan, Finkelstein and more especially by Czerny and Keller, that one must now admit that such a thing as the proteid indigestion of cow's