tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Dose B Vitamin Supplements and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Domenico Pratico
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts: Patient Selection and Evaluation of the Outcome by Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: K. P. Etzkorn, L. J. DeGuzman, W. H. Holderman, A. Abu-Hammour, P. K. Schlesinger, J. M. Harig, J. L. Watkins
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)
Virtual Colonoscopy Dealt Setback With Rejection for Coverage by Medicare
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Relation of Heart Rate to Cardiovascular Dynamics
Authors: EMANUEL STEIN, ANTHONY N. DAMATO, BERNARD D. KOSOWSKY, SUN HING LAU, JOHN W. LISTER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Hemodynamic studies were carried out as heart rates were controlled by atrial pacing on 10 normal patients at rest and during exercise. Each patient served as his own control. In both states tested the cardiac index, left ventricular work, and peripheral resistance were not significantly altered by changes in heart rate. The stroke index and mean systolic ejection rate decreased linearly with heart rate. During exercise the cardiac index increased up to 98% and again remained constant at all paced heart rates tested. At comparable heart rates the tension-time index, left ventricular work, stroke index, and mean systolic ejection rate were higher during exercise than at rest. At comparable heart rates [see figure in the PDF file] peripheral resistance was 38% lower during exercise than at rest. Myocardial oxygen consumption, as inferred from the tension-time index, increased with heart rate in both states.
Summer Hay-fever and Asthma Treated with Antihistaminic Drugs
Authors: A. W. Frankland, R. H. Gorrill
Journal: BMJ (1953)

No chloramphenicol was detected in the blood serum in six babies, one of whom had vomited half an hour after its dose.No cause for the remaining five negative results was found.Failure of absorption was dis- counted, as one of these cases showed a reasonable serum level in a repeat test the following day.We recommend a dosage as set out in the Table : this represents 33-50 mg. per lb.(73-110 mg. per kg.) per dose, given twice daily.We would like to thank the paediatricians, paediatric registrars, and nursing staff for their co-operation in this investigation.We are also grateful to Messrs. Parke Davis for generous supplies of chloramphenicol.
The Prevalence and Management of Diabetes in Rural India
Authors: Clara K. Chow, P. Krishnam Raju, Rama Raju, K. Srinath Reddy, Magnolia Cardona, David S. Celermajer, Bruce C. Neal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Very high levels of diabetes have been reported in urban areas of India (1), but few data are available for rural regions where >70% of the population lives. Data from a new large-scale survey done in 2005 suggest rural India may soon experience the same epidemic of diabetes. A total of 4,535 individuals aged ≥30 years (response rate 81%, mean age 46.8 years) were sampled at random age and sex strata from 20 villages representative of Godavari, a developing rural area of Andhra Pradesh. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a …
Abstract 4171: The role of the Src kinase family in determining three-dimensional epithelial cell morphology of colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Sabine Hellwig, Thomas E. Smithgall
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Members of the Src kinase family are involved in numerous cellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular growth, survival, differentiation, adhesion and migration. Src family kinases (SFKs) associate with cellular membranes and function as molecular switches at the interface of various extracellular input signals (e.g., growth factors, cell-matrix adhesion) and intracellular signaling cascades. Deregulation of SFK expression levels and activity is implicated in a variety of human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, epilepsy and progression of HIV/AIDS. Elevation of c-Src activity is a common event in human colon cancer, and increases in c-Src activity are often associated with disease progression. In addition, upregulation of other Src-family members has been observed in colon cancer (e.g., c-Yes, Lck), suggesting that deregulation of SFKs may contribute to colorectal cancer progression. The three-dimensional culture of epithelial cells in a laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) has become increasingly popular in investigating the integration of cellular signaling pathways. Because the growth of cells in lrECM more closely recapitulates the microenvironment encountered by cells in vivo, three-dimensional cell culture is particularly useful in elucidating the biological roles of molecular components, such as SFKs, that function at the interface of extracellular and intracellular signals. In this study we use a three-dimensional culture system to study the role of SFKs in determining epithelial cell morphology of colorectal cancer cells. We tested a panel of ten commonly studied colorectal cancer cell lines for their ability to form organized cysts with established apical-basal polarity when grown in Matrigel in the presence or absence of broad-spectrum SFK inhibitors. We observed that Caco-2 and T84 cells, two lines capable of polarized cyst formation, show distinct sensitivity to SFK inhibition in three-dimensional culture but not in monolayer growth. Surprisingly, in Caco-2 cells, but not in T84 cells, global inhibition of SFK activity appears to interfere with cyst polarization, suggesting that one or more SFKs contribute to epithelial cell polarity. In addition, using RT-PCR and immunoblot techniques we demonstrate that SFK expression profiles are altered in Matrigel culture compared to monolayer culture. By comparing SFK expression profiles in cell lines displaying polarized versus unpolarized cell morphology we seek to identify individual members of the SFK family that contribute to three-dimensional epithelial morphology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4171.
Assessing Benefits and Harms of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Heidi D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

An estimated one third of postmenopausal women in the United States use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to treat symptoms of menopause and prevent chronic conditions. In the context of this widespread use, evidence has been growing about the potential harms of HRT, particularly regarding long-term use. Physicians and patients are often confused about how to use results of studies in individual cases. This article applies the current state of evidence for the benefits and harms of HRT to management decisions in 4 clinical situations. Patient preferences, as well as evidence, are important for these decisions. Benefits and harms need to be readdressed periodically to apply newly published evidence and to reassess emerging risks, comorbidities, and needs of individuals.
Acute and Subacute Neck Pain
Authors: Guy Chapman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters1 May 2012Acute and Subacute Neck PainGuy Chapman, BEng(Hons)Guy Chapman, BEng(Hons)From Chapman Central, Reading RG4 8UD, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-9-201205010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In Bronfort and colleagues' recent article (1), it seems to me that the most important conclusion is, “No important differences in pain were found between SMT and HEA at any time point.”As the study identifies, HEA involved significantly less average involvement from providers than SMT, including fewer than one fifth the number of sessions as SMT, which mainly occurred by telephone and not in the office. Given this and the documented risk for significant adverse outcomes due to vertebral artery dissection in SMT, the principal conclusion from this article must be that HEA offers safety and ...Reference1. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH. Spinal manipulation, medication, or home exercise with advice for acute and subacute neck pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:1-10. [PMID: 22213489] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Guy Chapman, BEng(Hons)Affiliations: From Chapman Central, Reading RG4 8UD, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSpinal Manipulation, Medication, or Home Exercise With Advice for Acute and Subacute Neck Pain Gert Bronfort , Roni Evans , Alfred V. Anderson , Kenneth H. Svendsen , Yiscah Bracha , and Richard H. Grimm Acute and Subacute Neck Pain Gert Bronfort , Roni Evans , and Richard Grimm Acute and Subacute Neck Pain Edzard Ernst Metrics 1 May 2012Volume 156, Issue 9Page: 669KeywordsArteriesConflicts of interestSafety ePublished: 1 May 2012 Issue Published: 1 May 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of phlebotomy in the management of hemoglobin SC disease: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Merry Jennifer Markham, Richard Lottenberg, Marc Zumberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Marked variability is a keynote in the disease course of patients with hemoglobin SC (Hb SC) and hemoglobin S/β + ‐thalassemia (Hb S/β + ‐thal), with some patients having a frequency of complications and painful episodes similar to patients with homozygous sickle cell (Hb SS) disease. One possible explanation is that the higher hematocrit in these syndromes may contribute to an increase in blood viscosity, leading to vaso‐occlusive pain episodes as well as an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications and retinopathy. We present a patient with Hb SC disease with an excellent baseline functional status who developed splenic infarction at a high altitude. Following splenectomy, the patient developed a sustained increase in hematocrit, an increase in the frequency of painful episodes, as well as new‐onset dizziness and malaise. We initiated a therapeutic phlebotomy program in order to lower the hematocrit to pre‐splenectomy values, as well as to induce iron deficiency. Repeated phlebotomy resulted in a dramatic decrease in symptoms. Our patient no longer requires narcotic analgesics for pain, has resolution of constitutional symptoms, and has not required further hospitalizations for vaso‐occlusive pain crises. The correlation between symptoms and hematocrit levels supports the importance of blood viscosity in contributing to this patient's symptoms. A trial of phlebotomy to reduce viscosity in patients with higher hematocrit values should be considered as an intervention for symptomatic patients with sickle cell disease. Am. J. Hematol. 73:121–125, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KINETICS OF LYSIS BY CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM HEMOLYSIN
Authors: Alan W. Bernheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

The kinetics of the hemolytic reaction effected by the hemolysin of Clostridium septicum, strain 44, has been studied with regard to the effect of concentration, temperature, and hydrogen ion concentration on the rate of the hemolytic reaction. The kinetics of hemolysis was found to resemble in several respects that of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, but differed in the absence of a clearly defined pH optimum. Attention is drawn to differences between the hemolytic system studied and certain other hemolytic systems.
European Science in JAMA
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

After perusing this week's Table of Contents, readers may wonder why most of the authors in this issue are European. Have we regressed to the early 19th century when medical information flowed westward from Europe to the United States?1Or could the cutback in US research funding already be having this great an effect? Actually, the content of this week'sJAMAis simply another sign of the information evolution and the globalization of medicine.2  For many decades,JAMAhas been a major exporter of medical knowledge—with more than 20 international editions currently published in 11 languages for 485 000 recipients added to the 350 000 recipients of the regular weekly US-based edition. To our misfortune, however, we have not been considered as favorably as we would like by authors from outside the United States. Approximately 10% of total papers we receive are submitted from non-US authors. We have
Predicting which people with psychosocial distress are at risk of becoming dependent on state benefits: analysis of routinely available data
Authors: W. Whittaker, M. Sutton, M. Maxwell, R. Munoz-Arroyo, S. MacDonald, A. Power, M. Smith, P. Wilson, J. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine whether there was significant variation in levels of claiming incapacity benefit across general practices. To establish whether it is possible to identify people with mental health problems who are more at risk of becoming dependent on state benefits for long term health problems based on their general practice consulting behaviour. <b>Design</b> Interrogation of routinely available data in the Scottish Health Surveys and the British Household Panel Survey. <b>Setting</b> Scotland and the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> Respondents to the Scottish Health Surveys in 1995, 1998, and 2003 (7932, 12 939 and 11 472 respondents, respectively). Respondents to the British Household Panel Survey, 1991-2007 (more than 5000 households). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Intracluster correlation coefficient for probability of work incapacity by general practice. Caseness according to the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and frequency of consultation with general practitioner in years before and after starting to claim incapacity benefit. <b>Results</b> There was a small and non-significant amount of variation across general practices in Scotland in rate of claims for incapacity benefit after adjustment for other explanatory variables (intracluster correlation coefficient 0.01, P=0.135). There was a significant increase in rates of GHQ-12 caseness from two years before the start of claiming incapacity benefit (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.9) and an increase in frequent consultation with a general practitioner from three years before the start of claiming incapacity benefit (1.8, 1.3 to 2.4). People with GHQ-12 caseness showed a significant increase in frequent consultations with a general practitioner from two years before the start of claiming incapacity benefit (2.1, 1.4 to 3.2). <b>Conclusions</b> There was no variation in levels of claiming incapacity benefit across general practices in Scotland after adjustment for differences in population characteristics and so initiatives targeted at practices with high levels are unlikely to be effective. People with mental health problems who are likely to have problems remaining in work can be identified up to three years before they transit on to long term benefits related to ill health.
Impaired IRS-1/PI3-kinase signaling in patients with HCV: A mechanism for increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Serhat Aytug, David Reich, Lawrence E. Sapiro, David Bernstein, Najma Begum
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism of this association is unclear. In this study, we examined the potential defects in upstream insulin signaling pathways in liver specimens obtained from nonobese/nondiabetic subjects with HCV infection. Fasting liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 42 HCV-infected subjects and 10 non-HCV-infected subjects matched for age and body mass index. Liver tissues were exposed to insulin and examined for the contents and phosphorylation/activation status of the upstream insulin signaling molecules by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. HCV infection resulted in a trend toward a 2-fold to 3-fold increase in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 contents when compared with non-HCV. In contrast, insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was decreased by 2-fold in HCV-infected subjects compared with non-HCV-infected subjects (P <.05). The observed reductions in IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were accompanied by a 3.4-fold decrease in IRS-1/p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) association and a 2.5-fold decrease in IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase enzymatic activity (P <.05 vs. non-HCV). This was accompanied by a marked reduction in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation without any alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Cellular contents of the hepatic p85 subunit of PI3-kinase were comparable between HCV-infected and non-HCV-infected subjects. In conclusion, we found that (1). HCV infection leads to a postreceptor defect in IRS-1 association with the IR and (2). insulin signaling defects in hepatic IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI3-kinase association/activation may contribute to insulin resistance, which leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with HCV infection.
Evaluation of Klippel???Trenaunay Syndrome with Radionuclide Total Body Angiography
Authors: AYMAN NICOLAS AWAD, DAVID C. YANG, MAGDI GIRGIS, JOSEPH GIOVANNIELLO, MING HUANG, MORTEZA BEBAHANI, DIEDRICH K. HOLTKAMP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 21-year-old Italian woman with extensive Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) developed recurrent pulmonary embolism in spite of the insertion of a Greenfield filter in the inferior vena cava. Clinical and radiologic diagnostic tests failed to demonstrate the pathway of the emboli. Radionuclide venography and intravenous radionuclide total body arteriography were performed. These radionuclide procedures helped to evaluate the extent of KTS and to detect the route of the emboli. This is the first case of KTS studied with intravenous total body arteriography reported in the literature.
Two Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type III Secreted Proteins, EspA and EspB, Are Virulence Factors
Authors: Akio Abe, Ursula Heczko, Richard G. Hegele, B. Brett Finlay
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) belongs to a family of related bacterial pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and other human and animal diarrheagenic pathogens that form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on host epithelial surfaces. Bacterial secreted Esp proteins and a type III secretion system are conserved among these pathogens and trigger host cell signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal rearrangements, and mediate intimate bacterial adherence to epithelial cell surfaces in vitro. However, their role in pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the role of Esp proteins in disease, mutations in espA and espB were constructed in rabbit EPEC serotype O103 and infection characteristics were compared to that of the wild-type strain using histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy in a weaned rabbit infection model. The virulence of EspA and EspB mutant strains was severely attenuated. Additionally, neither mutant strain formed A/E lesions, nor did either one cause cytoskeletal actin rearrangements beneath the attached bacteria in the rabbit intestine. Collectively, this study shows for the first time that the type III secreted proteins EspA and EspB are needed to form A/E lesions in vivo and are indeed virulence factors. It also confirms the role of A/E lesions in disease processes.
Real-time NMR beam-directed velocity mapping. V-mode NMR.
Authors: J D Pearlman, J R Moore, M J Lizak
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Currently available noninvasive techniques for measuring blood flow velocities are constrained by limited view orientations (Doppler ultrasound) or limited time resolution (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). We describe an MRI technique for measuring flow velocities in real time at arbitrary orientations within a cylindrical volume or "beam": V-mode nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). METHODS AND RESULTS The technique was implemented on a standard 1.5-T clinical NMR imager with no special hardware and was tested on phantoms and human volunteers. The beam can be fired at rates up to 60 times per second, allowing measurements on a time scale that is appropriate for ungated cardiac studies. In phantoms, steady flow velocities were measured with the beam aligned along the direction of flow, and the measured velocities correlated well with the actual velocities (r &gt; 0.99). The radial distribution of velocities in phantoms under constant flow conditions was also determined. In humans, flow of blood in the descending aortas of normal and aortic insufficiency subjects was measured. Distinctive backflow of blood because of aortic insufficiency was readily apparent. CONCLUSIONS The V-mode NMR technique is capable of acquiring clinically relevant real-time blood flow information from any desired angle of view with no attenuation at bone or air-tissue interfaces.