tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenosine infusion during early reperfusion failed to limit myocardial infarct size in a collateral deficient species
Authors: M. Goto, T. Miura, E. K Iliodoromitis, E. L O'Leary, R. Ishimoto, D. M Yellon, O. Iimura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Intracoronary or intravenous adenosine during reperfusion in combination with lignocaine may attenuate "reperfusion injury" and limit myocardial infarct size in the canine heart. The aim of this study was to test whether intravenous adenosine also protects myocardium in the rabbit heart, which lacks xanthine oxidase and significant coronary collaterals in contrast to the canine heart.Five groups of rabbits underwent a 30 min occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. In adenosine treated groups, either a high dose of adenosine (0.37 mg.kg-1.min-1) with lignocaine treatment (5 mg intravenously 1 min before coronary occlusion and before reperfusion) or a low dose (0.15 mg.kg-1.min-1) of adenosine with or without lignocaine was infused for 60 min starting 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Group 1 was untreated, while group 2 received a high dose of adenosine with lignocaine. These groups were reperfused for 3 h. Group 3 was untreated, group 4 received a low dose of adenosine, and group 5 a low dose of adenosine and lignocaine. These groups were reperfused for 72 h.60 anaesthetised open chest rabbits were used. Groups 1 and 2 were killed after 3 h coronary reperfusion. Groups 3, 4, and 5 recovered from surgery for 72 h and were then killed for further study.The high dose of adenosine reduced mean blood pressure to 44% of baseline value and diminished reactive hyperaemia in the area at risk by "coronary steal". The low dose of adenosine did not significantly alter systemic blood pressure or heart rate. Infarct size did not differ between groups 1 and 2, at 39.7(SD 20.1)% of area at risk v 33.2(15.9)% (by tetrazolium staining), nor between groups 3, 4, and 5: 50.3(12.6)% v 52.7(15.6)% v 47.8(9.3)% (by histology).Neither a high dose nor a low dose of adenosine limited myocardial infarct size in the rabbit heart even when adenosine was combined with lignocaine treatment.
Acute Porphyria in a Negro
Authors: C. A. Wiggins
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<b><i><b>Article abstract—</b></i></b> Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is an autosomal dominant disorder typically presenting as dystonia with diurnal variability. Described is an 8-year-old boy who had had waddling gait, generalized hypotonia, and proximal weakness since early childhood. He responded well to low-dose l-dopa. He had a point mutation of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene. The patient’s father and sister had the same mutation but did not have proximal weakness. GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency can present with hypotonia and weakness.
Clinical Characteristics of Japanese Men With Glucokinase Gene β-cell Promoter Variant
Authors: Kentaro Yamada, Xiaohong Yuan, Satomi Ishiyama, Fumi Ichikawa, Ken-Ichi Koyama, Atsuko Koyanagi, Wasaku Koyama, Kyohei Nonaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To study the association between a variant at the position of −30 of β-cell-specific promoter of the glucokinase gene and glucose tolerance in the Japanese general population and to assess the clinical characteristics of subjects with the variant. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The genotype of 657 Japanese men aged 51.0 ± 8.8 years (mean ± SD) was analyzed by an allele-specific assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The variant allele frequency was 0.188 in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 0.211 in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 0.176 in diabetic subjects. In subjects with fasting plasma glucose levels &amp;lt;140 mg/dl, homozygous subjects for the promoter variant had significantly higher plasma glucose levels 60 min after oral glucose administration when compared with subjects without the variant allele. A cross-sectional analysis showed age-related elevation of basal glucose levels only in subjects without the promoter variant. Individuals heterozygous for the variant had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol than normal subjects. HDL cholesterol values were lower in homozygous people than in normal and heterozygous subjects, although the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The β-cell promoter variant in homozygous state was associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not with diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol levels in Japanese men. It is unlikely that the glucose intolerance associated with the promoter variant is progressive with age.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN RELATION TO THE SUPRARENAL GLAND
Authors: J. Marmorston-Gottesman, David Perla
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Hemolysin formation was studied in normal rats. It was found that a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of red blood cells results in an optimum high hemolysin titer 5 days after injection. The titer gradually falls, the hemolysin disappearing from 14 to 18 days after the injection. Larger amounts are less effective in the production of amboceptor. Much smaller amounts produce correspondingly lower hemolysin titers, although the ratio is not mathematically proportional. Repeated injections of 1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of red blood cells at daily intervals or at intervals of 3 or 5 days for three injections do not increase the hemolysin titer over that resulting from a single injection. Furthermore, the curve of antibody formation following a single small intraperitoneal injec tion of red blood cells is not altered by subsequent injections of similar amounts.
Sickle-Cell/Haemoglobin-J Disease
Authors: L. N. Went, J. E. MacIver
Journal: BMJ (1959)

mJu frequent inLervals.The results quoted above do suggest that it may be desir'able to treat all those over the age of 70 with prophylactic antibiotics.Summary The family doctor is in an excellent position to study the natural patterns of an influenza epidemic.This paper reports the effects of influenza epidemic of January to Match, 1959, on a south-east London general practice.Over a period of 'nine weeks (849 (14%) patients in this practice were seen, and were diagnosed as suffering from influenza.It is estimated that of those who treated themselves are included the total incidence in the practice was around 20%.The liability to infection seemed to vary with age.The highest rates were noted in school children and adolescents, and the lowest rates in the elderly.The clinical features were those common in other epidemics.Investigations showed that the epidemic was a mixture of influenza viruses A and B.Chest complications occurred in 80 patients (9.5% of all cases of influenza).Most of these complications were pneumonias (50), and many patieints were severely ill and responded only slowly to powerful antibiotics.These complications were highest in those aged 70 and over (73% of cases) and in those aged 60-69 (36%), and lowest in those aged 10-39 (4%).Compared with previous epidemics, the age patterns in the 1959 epidemic were very similar to the Asian influenza outbreak of 1957.The rates of complications were similar to other winter epidemics of influenza.The autumn Asian influenza had a much lower rate of complications.If these figures are representative of the country as a whole then it is estimated that there were 7-10 million case of influenza almofst 1 million chest complications, and some-5,000 deaths.Future planning in this field should include a nationwide study of the effects of influenza in general practice, the possibility of an efficient vaccine, and the advisability of using prophylactic antibiotics in the elderly.It is a pleasure to thank Dr. G.
The Prolongevists Speak Up: The Life-Extension Ethics Session at the 10th Annual Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology
Authors: John K. Davis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Life-extension was the focus for the 10th annual Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology, held last September at Cambridge University. This scientific convention included a panel of several bioethicists, including Art Caplan, John Harris, and others. The presentations on the ethics of life-extension are reviewed here.
Misperceptions dependent on oculomotor activity
Authors: Burkhart Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Two visual phenomena are described in which oculomotor activity (saccades) changes our conscious perception: (1) some geometrical visual illusions disappear when saccades are suppressed, and (2) misperceptions occur in an antisaccade task with attentional precues. The first phenomenon shows that what we consciously perceive depends on how we look. The second phenomena indicates that a saccade itself may remain unconscious together with the accompanying changes of the retinal image.
Butyrate and glucose metabolism by colonocytes in experimental colitis in mice
Authors: M S Ahmad
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND/AIMS</h3> Impaired colonocyte metabolism of butyrate has been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Colonocyte butyrate metabolism was investigated in experimental colitis in mice. <h3>METHODS</h3> Colitis was induced in Swiss outbred white mice by oral administration of 4% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Colonocytes isolated from colitic and normal control mice were incubated with [<sup>14</sup>C]butyrate or glucose, and production of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as of intermediate metabolites (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and lactate), was measured. The effect of different substrate concentrations on oxidation was also examined. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Butyrate oxidation (μmol/h per mg protein; mean (SEM)) was significantly reduced in DSS colitis, values on day 7 of DSS administration being 0.177 (0.007) compared with 0.406 (0.035) for control animals (p&lt;0.001). Glucose oxidation (μmol/h per mg protein; mean (SEM)) on day 7 of DSS administration was significantly higher than in controls (0.06 (0.006) <i>v</i> 0.027 (0.004), p&lt;0.001). Production of β-hydroxybutyrate was decreased and production of lactate increased in DSS colitis compared with controls. Increasing butyrate concentration from 10 to 80 mM enhanced oxidation in DSS colitis (0.036 (0.002) to 0.285 (0.040), p&lt;0.001), although it continued to remain lower than in controls. Surface and crypt epithelial cells showed similar ratios of butyrate to glucose oxidation. When 1 mM DSS was added to normal colonocytes in vitro, it did not alter butyrate oxidation. The initial histological lesion of DSS administration was very patchy and involved crypt cells. Abnormal butyrate oxidation became apparent only after six days of DSS administration, at which time histological abnormalities were more widespread. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Colonocyte metabolism of butyrate, but not of glucose, is impaired in DSS colitis, and may be important in pathophysiology. Histological abnormalities preceded measurable defects in butyrate oxidation.
Abstract LB-9: DNA binding distinguishes wild-type and mutant p53 activity
Authors: Debolina Ray, Susannah Gal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cell cycle regulation is a function of several regulatory genes such as cyclin G, p21, etc. controlled by p53. Several other genes such as pcna, puma, noxa involved in DNA repair and apoptotic pathways are also coordinated by p53. It is thus understandable that mutations in p53 could result in de-regulation of cell cycle progression, DNA repair, apoptosis, etc. Any imbalance in the above mentioned processes normally culminates in cancer. Our present focus of study is breast cancer where the cells harbor either wild-type or mutant p53. Progression of cancer in cell lines with wild-type p53 indicates a different regulatory switch/pathway responsible for the establishment of this disease. In an effort to understand the functional effect of both wild-type and mutant p53, we have done p53 DNA binding with nuclear extracts from several breast cancer cell lines using two assays. The DNA sequences being considered as target for p53 binding are from genes involved in cell cycle regulatory pathways, DNA repair, apoptosis and p53 regulation. We have observed differences in binding of p53 to some of these gene sequences. Cell lines with wild-type p53 and functional estrogen receptor (ER) bind more to the promoter for pcna and cyclin G than cell lines with mutant p53. The binding to the promoter of the puma gene is more similar between cell lines with mutant and wild-type p53 than the other genes analyzed. We anticipate a certain trend in DNA binding based on the functional status of p53 and its interaction with other proteins such as ER. This trend of p53 binding to different gene sequences may be utilized to better understand the causes of breast cancer, its subsequent progression as well as for designing treatment protocols. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-9.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces MUC5AC production via epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: K. Kohri, I.F. Ueki, J-J. Shim, P-R. Burgel, Y-M. Oh, D.C. Tam, T. Dao-Pick, J.A. Nadel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Hypersecretory disease associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections is characterised by increased goblet cells and increased mucin production. Recently, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling cascade was shown to be a common pathway through which many stimuli induce mucin MUC5AC expression in airways by differentiation to a goblet cell phenotype. This study looked at whether PA products induce EGFR expression and activation and thus result in mucin MUC5AC production. Human airway epithelial (NCI–H292) cells were stimulated with PA culture supernatant (Sup). MUC5AC protein production, MUC5AC and EGFR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression, and phosphorylated EGFR and phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were all examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by in situ hybridisation and by immunoblotting. PA Sup induced MUC5AC mRNA and subsequent protein expression, EGFR and p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation and EGFR mRNA expression. Induction of MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression and EGFR and p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation were inhibited completely by pretreatment with a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Pretreatment with a selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase prevented MUC5AC production and p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation but not EGFR phosphorylation. The authors conclude that PA products induce mucin MUC5AC production in human airway epithelial cells via the expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor.
Legal status of fluoridation
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Abyss: Sinking Scores in Internal Medicine
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It is an experience unlikely to be forgotten by anyone who undertakes it: two grueling days of mental and physical exhaustion overlaid with the psychological stress that a poor performance may sabotage 7 previous years of hard work and the rest of one's career. It's probably not that bad, but at the time, to those taking the certifying examination for the American Board of Internal Medicine, it seems like it. The group examination usually takes place in a large lecture hall or classroom and subjects the examinees to 15 hours of more than 600 multiple true-false and single-best-answer questions. In the past, residents taking the "boards" had only one day of the "multiple-guess" questions and one day of patient-management problems. These problems were realistic simulations of patient encounters, in which physicians could "take" a medical history, "perform" a physical examination, and even "order" laboratory tests. These patient interactions were accomplished
Intense sympathetic stimulation releases neuropeptide Y but fails to evoke sustained coronary vasoconstriction in dogs.
Authors: N Otani, T Yang, M N Levy
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We determined whether a 3-minute period of intense cardiac sympathetic stimulation, which is known to release neuropeptide Y (NPY), elicits a sustained poststimulatory coronary vasoconstriction in anesthetized dogs that had received propranolol. We also periodically measured the cardiac chronotropic responses to test vagal stimulations; these responses served as an index of the neuronal release of NPY. In a group of 11 animals, the coronary vascular resistance increased by 14 +/- 4% during the sympathetic stimulation. After cessation of stimulation, however, coronary vascular resistance returned rapidly to its control value. The cardiac responses to the test vagal stimuli were attenuated by approximately 40% after cessation of sympathetic stimulation, and this inhibitory effect persisted for approximately 60 minutes. In a second group of eight dogs, we determined whether the intense sympathetic stimulation potentiates the coronary vascular responses to exogenous norepinephrine (NE). Before sympathetic stimulation, standard intracoronary infusions of NE increased coronary vascular resistance by 14 +/- 2%. Intense antecedent sympathetic stimulation did not alter the coronary vascular responses to subsequent NE infusions. However, the chronotropic responses to test vagal stimuli were initially attenuated by approximately 30%, and this inhibitory effect persisted for approximately 1 hour. In a third group of four dogs, we found that exogenous NPY significantly potentiated the coronary vasoconstriction evoked by NE infusions. The coronary vascular responses to combined infusions of NE and NPY were consistently greater (by approximately 13%) than the sum of the responses to these substances when they were infused separately. We conclude that, even though sufficient NPY appears to be released from the sympathetic nerve endings to inhibit vagal neurotransmission, the quantity of NPY released into the coronary blood vessels under the conditions of our experiments appears to be insufficient either to elicit a sustained coronary vasoconstriction or to potentiate the vasoconstrictor effects of intracoronary NE infusions.
Direct Determinations of Aortic Blood Flow in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: ROBERT K. BRAWLEY, ANDREW G. MORROW, Harry W. Seipp, David E. Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Instantaneous ascending aortic blood flow and left ventricular and central aortic pressure were determined at the time of operation in nine patients with severe aortic regurgitation. In six, the heart rate was controlled and increased by electrical stimulation between 50 and 170 beats/min. The relative duration of diastole decreased, and that of systole increased at faster heart rates. The mean systolic ejection rate fell, and regurgitant flow rates remained relatively constant. Thus, the per cent regurgitation was not reduced at faster rates. Following isoproterenol administration, the faster heart rate lengthened the relative duration of systole, abbreviated that of diastole, and increased the systolic ejection rate. Net result was an increased total forward flow and a reduced per cent regurgitation, but when the heart rate was held constant, the total forward stroke volume was ejected more rapidly, but the total forward and regurgitant flows per beat and per minute, and consequently the per cent regurgitation did not change. Assessments of left venticular function also were made in two patients.
TWO CASES OF HEART FAILURE IN THE OPERATING THEATRE TREATED BY HEART MASSAGE: RECOVERY
Authors: E. S. Molyneux
Journal: BMJ (1917)

marvellous action as on19 observes in Inclia in cases of simple amoebic dysentery.Thie injection of emetine slhould not be done indis- criminately, and the result of eaclh injection should be careftully observecl.In stuitable cases a grain slhould be inijected stubcutancously night and morning.If no good results occur after four injections, it should be stoppecl, on account of the depressing influence it exerts.It can be resui-ed after a few days' interval if thought necessary.C7hronic Dysenlery.Clhronic dysentery is a far more difficult and intractable condition to treat.Thle results of m-edical treatmiient in bad cases tllat lhave persisted for several nmonths lhave proved to be very unsatisfactory.Tlle majority of chlronic cases are by no nmeans simple infections, other intestinal ilicro-organismis step in as soon as the bowel becomes seriously damaged, and a state of chronic toxaemia arises.I am indebted to Major E. F. Sealy, I.M.S., for per- m-lission to observe a large number of cases among the Turkish prisoners of war tllat were in hiis cllarge.Fromn post-nimortem examination of tlle large intestine in a few cases that died, msy conviction that medical treatment has very little influence on the progress of the disease was verified.In practically all cases exam-ined tlhe whole of the large initestine was an abscess cavity with extensive
Titanium nitride-oxide coated stent: Six-month angiographic and intravascular ultrasound follow-up
Authors: Christophe Caussin, Marie-Jeanne Alibelli, Meyer Elbaz, Martial Hamon, Gilles Grollier, Philippe Commeau, Bernard Lancelin, C.C.Marie Lannelongue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Unusual Pelvic Activity Found on Bone Scan
Authors: DEAN J. SHANLEY, ARTHUR B. BUCKNER, HERBERT G. ALEXANDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Normal renal uptake and excretion of radionuclide agents used for bone scintigraphy allow for gross visualization of the genitourinary system. The kidneys and urinary bladder can usually be identified on images from a bone scan, and retroperitoneal or pelvic masses may be suspected if abnormalities in the location or configuration of these organs are present. Further evaluation with other imaging modalities, such as CT or ultrasound, can provide important diagnostic information because of their ability to better define the regional anatomy.