tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4535: Molecular-genetic imaging of prostate cancer.
Authors: Akrita Bhatnager, Kathleen Gabrielson, Paul B. Fisher, Martin G. Pomper
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer-specific promoters, such as the progression elevated gene-3 or the astrocyte elevated gene promoters, PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom, respectively, can be used as molecular genetic imaging instruments for tumor-selective imaging of cancer. We have previously shown this in experimental models of metastatic breast cancer and melanoma using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Here we show that we can express PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom selectively in PC3-ML (human bone metastatic derived prostate cancer) cells and use these constructs for imaging prostate cancer in vivo. PC3-ML cells were transfected with firefly luciferase (FLuc) or the herpes simplex type I thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), and validated for suitable transfection through bioluminescence and [125I]FIAU cell uptake assays, respectively. PC3-ML cells were administered through intra-cardiac injection to allow widespread metastases. A linear polyethyleneimine (l-PEI) nanoparticle was used for intravenous (IV) delivery of the promoter constructs to animals bearing metastases. PEG-Prom- and AEG-Prom-driven imaging reporter gene expression was monitored by small animal BLI and by SPECT/CT after IV administration of D-luciferin or [125I]FIAU, respectively. Both BLI and SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated tumor-specific PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom activity in the model of metastatic prostate cancer but not in control. Using the thoracic cavity and tibia as the regions of interest (ROI), quantification of the BLI data (n=6) at the 48 h time point after reporter gene delivery showed a range of 16- to 19-fold higher accumulation of FLuc in the metastasis group compared to control for PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom, respectively. BLI results were confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Quantification of the SPECT/CT data (n=5) at the 56 h time point after reporter gene and 8 h after [125I]FIAU delivery showed a 3- to 11-fold higher accumulation of [125I]FIAU, depending on the tumor burden, in the group bearing metastases compared to control for AEG-Prom. Metastatic nodules detected by the SPECT/CT imaging were confirmed by pathology. The results demonstrate the potential of systemically delivered, PEG-Prom- and AEG-Prom-driven constructs for enabling the imaging of metastatic prostate cancer in vivo. Citation Format: Akrita Bhatnager, Kathleen Gabrielson, Paul B. Fisher, Martin G. Pomper. Molecular-genetic imaging of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4535
Fibroblast growth factor 10 is critical for liver growth during embryogenesis and controls hepatoblast survival via β-catenin activation
Authors: Tove Berg, Bart C. Rountree, Lily Lee, Joaquin Estrada, Fréderic G. Sala, Andrea Choe, Jacqueline M. Veltmaat, Stijn De Langhe, Rene Lee, Hide Tsukamoto, Gay M. Crooks, Saverio Bellusci, Kasper S. Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and β-catenin activation have been shown to be crucial for early embryonic liver development. This study determined the significance of FGF10-mediated signaling in a murine embryonic liver progenitor cell population as well as its relation to β-catenin activation. We observed that Fgf10 −/− and Fgfr2b −/− mouse embryonic livers are smaller than wild-type livers; Fgf10 −/− livers exhibit diminished proliferation of hepatoblasts. A comparison of β-galactosidase activity as a readout of Fgf10 expression in Fgf10 +/LacZ mice and of β-catenin activation in TOPGAL mice, demonstrated peak Fgf10 expression from E9 to E13.5 coinciding with peak β-catenin activation. Flow cytometric isolation and marker gene expression analysis of LacZ + cells from E13.5 Fgf10 +/LacZ and TOPGAL livers, respectively, revealed that Fgf10 expression and β-catenin signaling occur distinctly in stellate/myofibroblastic cells and hepatoblasts, respectively. Moreover, hepatoblasts express Fgfr2b, which strongly suggests they can respond to recombinant FGF10 produced by stellate cells. Fgfr2b −/−/ TOPGAL +/+ embryonic livers displayed less β-galactosidase activity than livers of Fgfr2b +/+/ TOPGAL +/+ littermates. In addition, cultures of whole liver explants in Matrigel or cell in suspension from E12.5 TOPGAL +/+mice displayed a marked increase in β-galactosidase activity and cell survival upon treatment with recombinant FGF10, indicating that FGFR (most likely FGFR2B) activation is upstream of β-catenin signaling and promote hepatoblast survival. Conclusion: Embryonic stellate/myofibroblastic cells promote β-catenin activation in and survival of hepatoblasts via FGF10-mediated signaling. We suggest a role for stellate/myofibroblastic FGF10 within the liver stem cell niche in supporting the proliferating hepatoblast. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE NATURE OF RICKETTSIA IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
Authors: F. M. Nicholson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The Rickettsia of Rocky Mountain spotted fever were easily differentiated from mitochondria, phagocytosed blood pigment, nuclear debris, and all other known cellular constituents. Although they were lodged within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, they were not observed to establish any definite relations with the nucleus or with other cellular components. Their number varied in contiguous cells which sustained the same degree of injury as evidenced by nuclear changes, and alterations in their mitochondria content. The mitochondria, on the other hand, showed similar modifications, characterized by a decrease in number and a rounding up into spherules, in all the endothelial cells seen in a section of an affected blood vessel. Diplobacillary forms were most abundant in the early stages of the reaction and single bacillary bodies towards its termination. Other slight differences in morphology from Wolbach's account were noted in the organisms as seen in the tissues of both ticks and guinea pigs. His study of the distribution of specific lesions with accompanying organisms in the tissues of guinea pigs was confirmed and extended.
Pervenous Atrial Pacing by Fixed Electrode
Authors: John A. Udall
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Permanent atrial pacing has lain dormant during the last decade because pervenous unattached electrodes usually fail to maintain contact with the endocardium, and epicardial electrodes require a thoracotomy for implantation. Reliable endocardial pacing can be achieved, however, by attaching a pervenous electrode to the interatrial septum by an extrathoracic maneuver using a long needle apparatus introduced through the venous system. A Ross transseptal needle used for left atrial catheterization has been modified to carry a T-shaped electrode tip and conducting wire across the atrial septum, as shown in Fig 1. This new technique has been applied successfully in two dozen large dogs with very few pathological findings observed at the electrode fixation site on postmortem examination at six and ten months after implantation. The first clinical application of pacing the heart by attaching an endocardial electrode to the interatrial septum is reported here. Examination of a 78-year-old
Tgfbr2 disruption in postnatal smooth muscle impairs aortic wall homeostasis
Authors: Wei Li, Qingle Li, Yang Jiao, Lingfeng Qin, Rahmat Ali, Jing Zhou, Jacopo Ferruzzi, Richard W. Kim, Arnar Geirsson, Harry C. Dietz, Stefan Offermanns, Jay D. Humphrey, George Tellides
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

TGF-β is essential for vascular development; however, excess TGF-β signaling promotes thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome. Since the pathology of TGF-β overactivity manifests primarily within the arterial media, it is widely assumed that suppression of TGF-β signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells will ameliorate aortic disease. We tested this hypothesis by conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2, which encodes the TGF-β type II receptor, in smooth muscle cells of postweanling mice. Surprisingly, the thoracic aorta rapidly thickened, dilated, and dissected in these animals. Tgfbr2 disruption predictably decreased canonical Smad signaling, but unexpectedly increased MAPK signaling. Type II receptor-independent effects of TGF-β and pathological responses by nonrecombined smooth muscle cells were excluded by serologic neutralization. Aortic disease was caused by a perturbed contractile apparatus in medial cells and growth factor production by adventitial cells, both of which resulted in maladaptive paracrine interactions between the vessel wall compartments. Treatment with rapamycin restored a quiescent smooth muscle phenotype and prevented dissection. Tgfbr2 disruption in smooth muscle cells also accelerated aneurysm growth in a murine model of Marfan syndrome. Our data indicate that basal TGF-β signaling in smooth muscle promotes postnatal aortic wall homeostasis and impedes disease progression.
A CLAMP FOR ISOLATING A PORTION OF THE LUMEN OF A BLOOD-VESSEL WITHOUT STOPPING THE CIRCULATION THROUGH THE VESSEL
Authors: G. N. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1910)

For various purposes in physiology and also in surgery it may be desirable to clamp off temporarily a longitudinal portion at one side of a blood-vessel while the circulation is allowed to go on through the remainder of the lumen. A field can thus be provided in which the operator can work at his leisure without fear of injuring the organs supplied or drained by the vessel by clamping it off altogether. I have devised a clamp by which this can be conveniently done. One form of it is shown in the accompanying illustrations. The essential points are the following: 1. The long, narrow grip of the jaws in the longitudinal direction. The grip is narrow in order that as little as possible of the lumen may be encroached on. The length of the occluded portion will, of course, vary with the purpose for which the clamp is used.
The BMJ's measly editorial policies
Authors: N. MacFarlane
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The BMJ is right to pursue the autism/MMR/Wakefield issue,1 and to highlight the need for wider vaccination against measles. But problems remain. How is “good” investigative journalism to be reliably distinguished from the “bad” of certain newspapers and magazines? By detail alone? I am not convinced that if the Mail ’s Melanie Phillips, say, had spent the same amount of time on the story, she would necessarily have ended …
Schizophrenia, the heteromodal association neocortex and development: potential for a neurogenetic approach
Authors: Christopher A Ross, Godfrey D Pearlson
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1996)

The heteromodal association neocortex is believed to be a major site of involvement in schizophrenia. This system includes the prefrontal cortex and portions of the superior temporal and inferior parietal cortices, which are linked in cognitive networks observing complex executive functions. The heteromodal cortex is highly elaborated in humans and is believed to continue to develop past birth. The neuropathology of schizophrenia is likely to be heterogeneous and appears to involve developmental abnormalities, with a prominent genetic component. However, the genes involved in the development of the neocortex, and particularly the heteromodal cortex, are not well understood. A candidate-gene approach to schizophrenia using techniques of differential expression might now be feasible and could illuminate the basic neurobiology of the heteromodal cortical network. Trends Neurosci. (1996) 19, 171–176
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fish Oil
Authors: ADRIAN A. KYRIAKOPOULOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1987Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fish OilADRIAN A. KYRIAKOPOULOS, M.D.ADRIAN A. KYRIAKOPOULOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-6-941_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Kremer and colleagues (1) reported "measurable, statistically significant alterations in disease activity" in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after the administration of fish oil supplements, as compared to placebo. Their statements were based on the results from a crossover trial in which the patients were not randomly assigned to one of the two sequences (fish oil and placebo or placebo and fish oil). Furthermore, the analysis of the data derived from their study showed substantial and unequal carryover effects of the treatments involved during the second "period" of the study.Under the assumption that all patients were...References1. KREMERJUBIZMICHALEK JWA. Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:497-503. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COX D. Planning of Experiments. New York: Wiley; 1958;70, 269. Google Scholar3. FLEISSWALLENSTEINROSENFELD JSR. Adjusting for baseline measurements in the two-period crossover study: a cautionary note. Controlled Clin Trials. 1985;6:192-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WILLANPATER AJ. Using baseline measurements in the two-period crossover clinical trial. Controlled Clin Trials. 1986;7:282-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HILLSARMITAGE MP. The two-period cross-over clinical trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8:7-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. KREMER J. Fish-oil supplementation and rheumatoid arthritis [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:263. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 1570 Billington Road; East Aurora, NY 14052 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1987Volume 107, Issue 6Page: 941-941KeywordsOilsRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 December 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fees for Life Insurance Examinations.
Authors: J. Newton Hunsberger
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Skippack, Pa., Nov. 29, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the light of and with the knowledge daily brought before us of "high financiering" as exemplified in the old-line life insurance companies of New York, with more to come, it would seem that any physician who makes an examination for a fee of three dollars or less is, to say the least, "easy." Some men have refused to examine an applicant for such a fee, only to be sarcastically informed by the agent that there were "others," not only waiting but anxious. Unfortunately he was telling the truth. We are cheap. Medical societies should take this matter up.
SAT0413 Sympathetic Skin Response in Diabetic Patients with Soft Tissue Rheumatism of the Hand
Authors: E. Soliman, H. Al-Moghazy, D. Mohasseb, G. El-tantawi, S. Naeem
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Musculoskeletal complications of the hand may be very debilitating for the diabetic patient. The most commonly recognized complications are trigger finger, tenosynovitis, Dupuytren's contrcture, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and limited joint mobility (LJM). Increased glycosylation has been suggested as the pathogenesis of soft tissue lesions of the hand in diabetic patients. Glycosylation of basement membrane explains the associated microangiopathy and impaired micro-circulation. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the sympathetic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different diabetic complications as a consequence of impaired tissue perfusion. This may raise the possibility of an association between diabetic hand soft tissue lesions and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the relationship between sympathetic dysfunction and soft tissue rheumatism of the hand in diabetic patients. <h3>Methods</h3> the study included 2 groups:group 1 included 20 diabetic patients with at least one hand soft tissue lesion and group 2 were 20 diabetic patients without any hand pathology. All patients were thoroughly evaluated clinically and were assessed for the presence of diabetic sympathetic neuropathy using tilt table test before proceeding to the electrophysiological measurements. Electrodiagnostic techniques included sensory conduction studies of median, ulnar, and superficial radial nerves, and motor conduction studies of median and ulnar nerves and testing sympathetic skin response (SSR) of the hand. In addition, the axillary F central loop latencies for the median and ulnar nerves were determined. <h3>Results</h3> Six patients in group 1 had CTS, 5 had trigger fingers, 2 had tenosynovitis, 2 had LJM, and one had Dupuytren's contracture. In addition, 4 patients had combined CTS and LJM. Abnormal SSR was detected in 10 patients in group 1 and in 10 patients in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and 2 regarding the frequency of SSR abnormalities. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of CTS in group1 patients and abnormal SSR results. There was a statistically significant relationship between positive tilt table test results in group 1 patients and abnormal SSR in the same group. The presence of SSR abnormalities was related to prolonged duration of diabetes in group1 patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Diabetic patients with CTS tend to have prolonged SSR of the hand. Otherwise, the presence of soft tissue lesions of the hand is not related to autonomic sympathetic neuropthy in patients with diabetes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Direct Care Worker: The Third Rail of Home Care Policy
Authors: Robyn I. Stone
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2004)

Home health aides, home care workers, and personal care attendants form the core of the paid home care system, providing assistance with activities of daily living and the personal interaction that is essential to quality of life and quality of care for their clients. High turnover and long vacancy periods are costly for providers, consumers, their families, and workers themselves. In 2002, 37 states identified worker recruitment and retention as major priority issues. Demographic and economic trends do not augur well for the future availability of quality home care workers. Policymakers in the areas of health, long-term care, labor, welfare, and immigration must partner with providers, worker organizations, and researchers to identify and implement the most successful interventions for developing and sustaining this workforce at both policy and practice levels. The future of home care will depend, in large part, on this "third rail" of long-term care policy.
Clinical Director's Handbook 1995/96
Authors: J A W Wildsmith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed David K Hirst, Roger V Clements Churchill Livingstone, £75.00, pp 249 ISBN 0 443 05038 4

The Clinical Director's Handbook aims at providing an introduction to, and guidance in, the role of clinical director in the National Health Service. I tried to review it from the perspective of someone who might be considering taking on this role, but the experience of three years of being a clinical director (not in my present institution) kept intruding. It is interesting that, while courses on being a clinical director have been organised at many levels, this is perhaps the first book length text on the subject. The …
Adrenal corticosteroids--physiological considerations.
Authors: B Singer
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Appreciation of the fact that delay can be due to referral through the general practitioner has led to an attempt to bypass primary medical care in acute myocardial infarction in the Belfast coronary care scheme.2 This delay operates in most parts of the British Isles, however, and further separates the patient from coronary care by a median time of 33 minutes in Doncaster. It seems clear from our results., summarized in Fig. 3, that the provision of a mobile coronary care unit to be alerted by general practitioners cannot be expected to contribute very much to the saving of life after acute myocardial infarction, especially in an area such as Doncaster, where ambulance delays are minimal.
THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: LOUIS H. RODDIS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The blood pressure of man is known to be modified by age, sex, posture, disease, drugs, the emotions, exertion and fatigue. From observations made by us during the annual physical examination of a group of officers of the navy, it appears that climate exerts a definite effect and that in the tropics the normal blood pressure, both of natives and of visitors from the temperate zone, is distinctly lower than in cooler countries. This physical examination of a group of naval officers was made in January on board ship in West Indian waters, and revealed the fact that blood pressure of the normal subjects of the group was from 10 to 15 mm. of mercury below our textbook<sup>1</sup>standards. The systolic and diastolic pressures were about equally reduced. The average reduction in systolic pressure for sixty-seven officers was 11.4 mm. of mercury. The chart represents graphically the difference between
Ethics at the Edge of Life: Medical and Legal Intersections
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The theologian undertakes an investigation of ethical issues in public policy with great confidence, for he starts with a fund of authoritative moral teachings. The theologian's task, therefore, is to discipline his views according to those teachings. He does not do so blindly, however, for matters of interpretation cannot be avoided, especially in an area of inquiry as complex as medical ethics. If the theologian is successful, his work is instructive in the fullest sense: it engages the reader in a sustained and critical reflection on how we live our lives. Paul Ramsey's latest work in medical ethics is a book of this sort. This book is a study of the medical, ethical, and legal issues converging in our public policies regarding the "edges of life." Three essays address moral issues at the "first of life." These concern the 1976 Supreme Court decision regarding a Missouri statute regulating abortion, the