tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
14-3-3ζ Down-regulates p53 in Mammary Epithelial Cells and Confers Luminal Filling
Authors: Christopher G. Danes, Shannon L. Wyszomierski, Jing Lu, Christopher L. Neal, Wentao Yang, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Recent progress in diagnostic tools allows many breast cancers to be detected at an early preinvasive stage. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular basis of early breast cancer progression is essential. Previously, we discovered that 14-3-3ζ is overexpressed in &amp;gt;40% of advanced breast cancers, and this overexpression predicts poor patient survival. Here, we examined at what stage of breast disease 14-3-3ζ overexpression occurs, and we found that increased expression of 14-3-3ζ begins at atypical ductal hyperplasia, an early stage of breast disease. To determine whether 14-3-3ζ overexpression is a decisive early event in breast cancer, we overexpressed 14-3-3ζ in MCF10A cells and examined its effect in a three-dimensional culture model. We discovered that 14-3-3ζ overexpression severely disrupted the acini architecture resulting in luminal filling. Proper lumen formation is a result of anoikis, apoptosis due to detachment from the basement membrane. We found that 14-3-3ζ overexpression conferred resistance to anoikis. Additionally, 14-3-3ζ overexpression in MCF10A cells and in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) from 14-3-3ζ transgenic mice reduced expression of p53, which is known to mediate anoikis. Mechanistically, 14-3-3ζ induced hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway which led to phosphorylation and translocation of the MDM2 E3 ligase resulting in increased p53 degradation. Ectopic expression of p53 restored luminal apoptosis in 14-3-3ζ–overexpressing MCF10A acini in three-dimensional cultures. These data suggest that 14-3-3ζ overexpression is a critical event in early breast disease, and down-regulation of p53 is one of the mechanisms by which 14-3-3ζ alters MEC acini structure and increases the risk of breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1760–7]
On the Use of Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors
Authors: D N Medearis, L B Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

There is great demand for hearts, kidneys, and livers to replace those of infants and children whose own organs are defective or have failed. For each organ that is available, there may be several hundred children who require transplantation.1 It has been estimated that as many as a quarter of those who require a liver transplant die before receiving one.2 One source of organs might be anencephalic infants, whose prognosis is believed to be hopeless and some of whose parents have indicated a wish to have the organs of their infant used to benefit others. In a number of instances, . . .
Crisis Hospitalization Within a Psychiatric Emergency Service
Authors: MARK W. RHINE, PETER MAYERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors describe the expansion of an emergency psychiatric service to include the use of short-term hospitalization as an integral part of crisis therapy. Experience during the first year of operation, when 200 patients were treated, is summarized. The authors believe that a small hospital unit, integrated within an emergency psychiatric service, can greatly enhance the scope and efficacy of crisis intervention.
Oncogenesis of multiple myeloma: 14q32 and 13q chromosomal abnormalities are not randomly distributed, but correlate with natural history, immunological features, and clinical presentation
Authors: Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Thierry Facon, Bernard Grosbois, Florence Magrangeas, Marie-José Rapp, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Stéphane Minvielle, Régis Bataille
Journal: Blood (2002)
What Price Mice?
Authors: Estelle A. Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Am I missing something in the essay on the science of obesity?
Authors: B. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Taubes contrasts two obesity hypotheses—excess energy intake versus a “hormonal disorder.”1 It becomes clear, however, that the second theory is not about a disorder, but about excess consumption of carbohydrates causing obesity, with insulin implicated as the mechanism. A disorder normally means pathology of a particular system, or “a derangement or abnormality of function; a morbid …
738 A one year randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of rosiglitazone in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of the flirt pilot trial
Authors: V. Ratziu, F. Charlotte, S. Jacqueminet, P. Giral, P. Podevin, L. Serfaty, E. Bruckert, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Sleep quality and daytime function in adults with cystic fibrosis and severe lung disease
Authors: D.R. Dancey, E.D. Tullis, R. Heslegrave, K. Thornley, P.J. Hanly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

It was hypothesized that adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with severe lung disease have impaired daytime function related to nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep disruption. Nineteen CF patients (forced expiratory volume in one second 28±7% predicted) and 10 healthy subjects completed sleep diaries, overnight polysomnography (PSG), and assessment of daytime sleepiness and neurocognitive function. CF patients tended to report more awakenings (0.7±0.5 versus 0.3±0.2·h −1 , p=0.08), and PSG revealed reduced sleep efficiency (71±25 versus 93±4%, p=0.004) and a higher frequency of awakenings (4.2±2.7 versus 2.4±1.4·h −1 , p=0.06). Mean arterial oxygen saturation during sleep was lower in CF patients (84.4±6.8 versus 94.3±1.5%, p&lt;0.0001) and was associated with reduced sleep efficiency (regression coefficient (r)=0.57, p=0.014). CF patients had short sleep latency on the multiple sleep latency test (6.7±3 min). The CF group reported lower levels of activation and happiness and greater levels of fatigue (p&lt;0.01), which correlated with indices of sleep loss, such as sleep efficiency (r=0.47, p=0.05). Objective neurocognitive performance was also impaired in CF patients, reflected by lower throughput for simple addition/subtraction, serial reaction and colour-word conflict. The authors concluded that adult cystic fibrosis patients with severe lung disease have impaired neurocognitive function and daytime sleepiness, which is partly related to chronic sleep loss and nocturnal hypoxaemia.
The Changing Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States: Model-Based Predictions
Authors: Mina Kabiri, Alison B. Jazwinski, Mark S. Roberts, Andrew J. Schaefer, Jagpreet Chhatwal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes a substantial health and economic burden in the United States. With the availability of direct-acting antiviral agents, recently approved therapies and those under development, and 1-time birth-cohort screening, the burden of this disease is expected to decrease. Objective: To predict the effect of new therapies and screening on chronic HCV infection and associated disease outcomes. Design: Individual-level state-transition model. Setting: Existing and anticipated therapies and screening for HCV infection in the United States. Patients: Total HCV-infected population in the United States. Measurements: The number of cases of chronic HCV infection and outcomes of advanced-stage HCV infection. Results: The number of cases of chronic HCV infection decreased from 3.2 million in 2001 to 2.3 million in 2013. One-time birth-cohort screening beginning in 2013 is expected to identify 487 000 cases of HCV infection in the next 10 years. In contrast, 1-time universal screening could identify 933 700 cases. With the availability of highly effective therapies, HCV infection could become a rare disease in the next 22 years. Recently approved therapies for HCV infection and 1-time birth-cohort screening could prevent approximately 124 200 cases of decompensated cirrhosis, 78 800 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 126 500 liver-related deaths, and 9900 liver transplantations by 2050. Increasing the treatment capacity would further reduce the burden of HCV disease. Limitation: Institutionalized patients with HCV infection were excluded, and empirical data on the effectiveness of future therapies and on the future annual incidence and treatment capacity of HCV infection are lacking. Conclusion: New therapies for HCV infection and widespread implementation of screening and treatment will play an important role in reducing the burden of HCV disease. More aggressive screening recommendations are needed to identify a large pool of infected patients. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Are We Making Progress in Lung Cancer Using Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate End Point?
Authors: Yu Shyr, Leora Horn, Lynne Berry
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Darius N. Lakdawalla, PhD; Jacquelyn W. Chou, MPP, MPL; Mark T. Linthicum, MPP; Joanna P. MacEwan, PhD; Jie Zhang, PhD; Dana P. Goldman, PhD
LYSOSOMES OF THE ARTERIAL WALL
Authors: T. J. Peters, M. Müller, Amo C. de Duve
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Smooth muscle cells were dissociated from normal rabbit aorta by incubating the tissue in Hanks' solution containing elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. The isolated cells contained significant amounts of the following acid hydrolases: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsins C and D. The cells were disrupted and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose density gradients in the Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. Lysosomes with a modal density of 1.16 were identified by the distribution of these acid hydrolases and by the latency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. Other particulate enzymes studied in these sucrose gradients included cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondria), 5'-nucleotidase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (plasma membrane), and catalase (? peroxisome). This microanalytical subcellular fractionation technique is applicable to the study of milligram quantities of many other tissues, both normal and pathological.
Galeal/periosteal flaps for the reconstruction of large scalp defects with exposed outer table
Authors: W. Hussain, N.J. Mortimer, P.J.M. Salmon, A. Stanway
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Large surgical defects of the scalp provide a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon due to the relative inelasticity of scalp skin and the lack of an adjacent tissue reservoir. Often they necessitate a repair utilizing a full‐ or partial‐thickness skin graft. Not uncommonly, however, Mohs extirpation of more extensive or aggressive tumours may necessitate removal of periosteum resulting in exposure of bare bone, which is an avascular bed and may not support a skin graft placed directly upon it.1 The role of cortical bone fenestration in facilitating granulation of such defects to heal by secondary intention has recently been elegantly described by Barry et al.2 We discuss our techniques of utilizing galeal/periosteal flaps (GPFs) to resurface exposed bone, providing a vascular bed for a skin graft and allowing immediate reconstruction of large scalp defects. The procedure is performed under local anaesthetic as a day‐case. Following tumour extirpation, the wound and surrounding scalp are prepared and draped in a standard fashion. A radial incision is made through skin and subcutis only, at least 1·5 times the width of the surgical defect, to permit access to the underlying galea and facilitate dissection of the GPF (Fig. 1a). For smaller defects with exposed bone a single access incision may suffice. More commonly, however, an access incision either side of the defect is required to elevate two tension‐free GPFs and provide adequate bone coverage (Fig. 1b).
Vessel Fractions in Tumor Xenografts Depicted by Flow- or Contrast-Sensitive Three-Dimensional High-Frequency Doppler Ultrasound Respond Differently to Antiangiogenic Treatment
Authors: Moritz Palmowski, Jochen Huppert, Peter Hauff, Michael Reinhardt, Karin Schreiner, Michaela A. Socher, Peter Hallscheidt, Guenter W. Kauffmann, Wolfhard Semmler, Fabian Kiessling
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract High-frequency volumetric Power Doppler ultrasound (HF-VPDU) captures flow-dependent signals in blood vessels and can be used to assess antiangiogenic therapy effects in rodent tumors. However, the sensitivity is limited to vessels larger than capillaries. Contrast-enhanced HF-VPDU reveals all perfused vessels by assessing stimulated acoustic emissions from disintegrating microbubbles. Thus, we investigated whether flow-sensitive and contrast-enhanced HF-VPDU can depict different vessel fractions and assess their early response to antiangiogenic therapy. Mice with A431 tumors were scanned before and after administration of polybutylcyanoacrylate microbubbles by HF-VPDU. Animals received either antiangiogenic treatment (SU11248) or a control substance and were imaged repeatedly over 9 days. At each time point, tumors were removed for immunohistochemical analysis. During growth of untreated tumors, vascularization decreased correspondingly on flow-sensitive and contrast-enhanced scans. Treated tumors showed a significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) stronger decline in vascularization than controls, which was more pronounced in contrast-enhanced scans. Surprisingly, whereas vascularization remained low in contrast-enhanced scans, flow-sensitive ultrasound indicated a reincrease after day 6 with a higher vascularization than the controls at day 9. Histologic evaluation indicated that immature vessels degraded markedly on therapy, whereas large mature vessels on the tumor periphery were more therapy resistant and drew closer due to tumor shrinkage. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced HF-VPDU and flow-sensitive HF-VPDU are both capable of assessing the effects of antiangiogenic therapy. Because contrast-sensitive ultrasound is more sensitive for small immature vessels and flow-sensitive ultrasound mostly captures large vessels at the tumor periphery, the combination of both methods can provide evidence of vascular maturity in tumors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7042–9]
A survey on species of Aspergillus in the atmosphere of hospital premises
Authors: B. Vittal, N. Udaya Prakash
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: Role of the fungus, Aspergillus in inducing Abstructive Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), Aspergilloma and Aspergillosis is well known. Exposure of people to such fungi from different environments was studied elsewhere. However, the exposure to immunocompromised patients when they are attending a hospital for remedy is not studied so far. Hence, a study was conducted to find out the presence of species of Aspergillus in the atmosphere of he premises of 3 major hospital sin Madras, India. METHODS: Air samples from 3 major hospitals, i.e. Madras Medical College, Stanley Medical College and Kilpauk Medical College from Madras, India were collected using petridishes containing Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar exposed through Andersen 2-stage Microbial Viable Sampler. Samples were taken for a period of 2 years with 10 days interval at each site. A total of 62 samples per site were taken at the height of 1 meter. RESULTS: Altogether 19 species of Aspergillus was isolated from all the 3 hospital premises. An average of 337 colony forming units/m3 of air per sample per site was recorded. Among the species, Aspergillus niger was dominant followed by A. flavus and A. fumigatus. The presence of toxigenic, pathogenic and allergenic species like, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor and A. sydowii are recorded in significant numbers. CONCLUSIONS: To control the exposure of susceptible individual to medically important strains of fungi present in hospital premises, suitable measures to be adopted. It is recommended to adopt proper sanitation methods in handling medical wastes to avoid aerosolization of such fungi in the environment.
Comparison of enalapril and nifedipine in treating non-insulin dependent diabetes associated with hypertension: one year analysis.
Authors: J. C. Chan, C. S. Cockram, M. G. Nicholls, C. K. Cheung, R. Swaminathan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of enalapril and nifedipine in hypertensive patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. DESIGN--One year double blind follow up of patients randomly allocated to either enalapril or nifedipine with matching placebos for the alternative drug. SETTING--Metabolic Investigation Unit, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS--102 patients were randomised: 52 to nifedipine and 50 to enalapril. At baseline 44 patients had normoalbuminuria, 36 microalbuminuria, and 22 macroalbuminuria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure, albuminuria, and parameters of renal function and glycaemic control. RESULTS--In patients who completed one year9s treatment the median dose required by the nifedipine group (n = 49) was 60 mg/day; seven (14%) required additional diuretics. Of 41 patients given enalapril, 37 required the maximum dose (40 mg/day) and 27 (76%) required diuretics. At one year mean arterial blood pressures were similar in both groups. Albuminuria fell by 54% in the enalapril group and 11% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.006). Fractional albumin clearance ratio fell by 47% in the enalapril group and increased by 3% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.009). Creatinine clearance fell similarly in both groups but plasma creatinine concentration was increased by 20% in the enalapril group versus 8% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION--Patients taking enalapril often required diuretics to control blood pressure. Enalapril reduced proteinuria significantly more than nifedipine in the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients but increased plasma creatinine concentrations. Longer follow up is required to clarify the importance of enalapril9s antiproteinuric effect.
Sickle-cell anaemia.
Authors: I Mamman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Pre-admission Investigations SIR,-I presume that hospital case summar- ies are frequently used for research purposes and should therefore be as accurate as possible.During 20 years in general practice it has struck me as very odd that according to these summaries the patient's investigations and specific treatment nearly always start on his admission to hospital or attendance at the outpatient department.There is rarely any reference to investigations done by the gen- eral practitioner before the patient came under the care of the hospital.Yet with open access to x-ray and laboratory facilities con- siderable information may have been obtain- ed concerning the patient's illness before referral to a hospital consultant.The case summaries also give the impression that a considerable time has elapsed between the patient presenting his symptoms to the G.P. and his subsequent referral to hospital, with- out the G.P. doing anything positive.
492 IL28B GENOTYPE HAS NO IMPACT ON SPONTANEOUS HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG) CLEARANCE IN INACTIVE CARRIERS: A LONG TERM, CASE-MATCHED RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: S. Yapali, A. Cetintas, E. Salman, F. Gunsar, N. Oruc, R. Vardar, Z. Karasu, G. Ersoz, O. Ozutemiz, U.S. Akarca
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Development of immune responses to Aspergillus at an early age in children with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J M el-Dahr, R Fink, R Selden, L K Arruda, T A Platts-Mills, P W Heymann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Although the ability of Aspergillus organisms to colonize the respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is well recognized, the contribution of Aspergillus to the disease process is poorly understood. Using sera from 147 CF patients (age 5 to 43 yr), we measured IgE antibody (ab) to Aspergillus fumigatus and five common inhalant allergens with a radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Total IgE levels and IgG ab to radio-labeled Asp f I, an allergen purified from A. fumigatus and a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, were also measured. Thirty (20%) of the patients had IgE ab to A. fumigatus, and 22 (15%) of these patients had developed total IgE levels > or = 400 IU/ml, raising the consideration of a diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Five of the 22 patients developed these IgE responses by age 5 yr and 14 by age 10 yr. The proportion of patients with IgE ab to one or more of the other allergens tested was not significantly different from that of control subjects without respiratory symptoms. A striking proportion (84%) of CF sera contained IgG ab to Asp f I, compared with 6% of sera from control patients and 20% of sera from allergic children with asthma (n = 25), only one of whom had IgE ab to A. fumigatus. In an examination of additional sera from young CF patients, IgG anti-Asp f I ab was detected in 41% of these sera from patients 5 yr of age or older, increasing to 98% of 89 sera from patients older than age 10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Face-Mounted Display System: Pilot Trial of Clinical Application in Therapeutic Endoscopy
Authors: Tatsuya Yoshida, Haruhiro Inoue, Takehisa Iwai
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Since fiber endoscopes evolved into video endoscopes, there has been no remarkable progression in the optical system for endoscopy. The current optical system provided by fixed cathode-ray tube (CRT) display is a monitor-oriented system. In this study, we evaluate the practical usefulness of the face-mounted display (FMD), which provides us with an operator-oriented optical system.The FMD device, weighing 110 g, is designed for consumer video home use, consisting of two active matrix liquid crystal color panels with 180,000-pixel resolution. With the picture-in-picture capability, FMD provided us with image-navigated endoscopic procedure. Fourteen patients were enrolled in this study; seven patients for endoscopic mucosal resection, two for insertion of an esophageal metallic stent, three for clipping for the bleeding and two for dilatation of anastomotic strictures.The FMD device allowed us to use an ultra large screen as if there has been a 62-inch screen 2 m ahead. During endoscopy, we could concentrate more on the procedures. There were no complications attributable to the use of the device.We are convinced of a new evolution in the optical system for therapeutic endoscopy with the FMD device.