tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Among 65-Year-Old Swedish Men Indicates a Change in the Epidemiology of the Disease
Authors: Sverker Svensjö, Martin Björck, Mikael Gürtelschmid, Khatereh Djavani Gidlund, Anders Hellberg, Anders Wanhainen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Screening elderly men with ultrasound is an established method to reduce mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; Evidence Level 1a). Such programs are being implemented and generally consist of a single scan at 65 years of age. We report the results from screening 65-year-old men for AAA in middle Sweden. Methods and Results— All 65-year-old men (n=26 256), identified through the National Population Registry, were invited to an ultrasound examination. An AAA was defined as a maximum infrarenal aortic diameter of ≥30 mm. In total, 22 187 (85%) accepted, and 373 AAAs were detected (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 1.9). With 127 previously known AAAs (repaired/under surveillance) included, the total prevalence of the disease in the population was 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 2.4). Self-reported smoking (odds ratio, 3.4; P &lt;0.001), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 2.0; P &lt;0.001), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.6; P =0.001) were independently associated with AAA in a multivariate logistic regression model. Thirteen percent of the entire population reported to be current smokers, one third of the frequency reported in the 1980s. The observed low prevalence of AAA was explained mainly by this change in smoking habits. Conclusions— On the basis of the observed reduced exposure to risk factors, lower-than-expected prevalence of AAA among 65-year-old men, unchanged AAA repair rate, and significantly improved longevity of the elderly population, the current generally agreed-on AAA screening model can be questioned. Important issues to address are the threshold diameter for follow-up, the possible need for rescreening at a higher age, and selective screening among smokers.
Who Should Treat Tuberculosis?
Authors: Richard B. Byrd
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The closing of tuberculosis sanatoriums during recent years has placed the treatment of tuberculosis in many communities into the hands of physicians inexperienced in dealing with the disease. When this shift was originally advocated, no major problems were anticipated in view of the effective antituberculous medications available. However, many physicians, including some board-certified internists, failed to understand the basic principles involved in treating the disease. A recent study in this regard showed that more than 60% of a group of 130 tuberculosis patients were inappropriately treated by standard textbook criteria.<sup>1</sup>The possible increasing incidence of the disease in some urban areas may relate to this inept management.<sup>2</sup> The recently observed high incidence of drug resistance and particularly multiple drug resistances now being seen in ghetto populations may also reflect improper treatment.<sup>3</sup>This turn of events should probably not be surprising because most medical schools offer little instruction
Hazard of Long Hair
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Long hair on young industrial workers poses a hazard that I should like to bring to the attention of your readers. The young man whose photograph I submit (Figure) bent over in front of an operating metal lathe in which almost half of his scalp hair became caught and was evulsed. Although he escaped other injury, the potential hazard is greater than simply the cosmetic effect that resulted. In an industrial practice, I know of several other similar and recent cases. Long-haired employees of either sex should be urged to restrain their hair while they work with moving equipment.
Epidemiologic studies on short-term effects of low levels of major ambient air pollution components.
Authors: B Brunekreef, D W Dockery, M Krzyzanowski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Since the development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, a large number of epidemiologic studies have been published documenting effects of major air pollutants on health at concentrations below existing guidelines and standards. In this review, recent studies are discussed that permit some evaluation of short-term health effects observed at exposure levels lower than the current WHO Guidelines or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) standards. Some studies have been conducted at concentration levels that never exceeded existing guidelines or standards. Other studies have been conducted at exposure levels sometimes exceeding current guidelines or standards. The published analyses of several of these studies permit evaluation of low-level health effects either because analyses were restricted to levels not exceeding the guidelines or graphic analyses were reported suggesting effects at these low levels. For ambient ozone, effects on lung function of subjects exercising outdoors have now been documented at 1-hr maximum levels not exceeding 120 micrograms/m3, i.e., half the current U.S. EPA standard. One study even suggests that such effects occur at levels below 100 micrograms/m3. Several studies are now available documenting effects of particulate air pollution on health in the virtual absence of SO2. Effects on mortality and hospital admissions for asthma have been documented at levels not exceeding 100 micrograms/m3, expressed as 24-hr average inhalable particles PM10 concentration. Effects on lung function, acute respiratory symptoms, and medication use have been found at 24-hr average PM10 levels not exceeding 115 micrograms/m3. When the WHO Air Quality Guidelines and the U.S. EPA standard for PM10 were developed, there were no studies available on health effects of PM10. In this review, we include nine studies documenting health effects of measured PM10 at low levels of exposure, indicating that there is now an entirely new epidemiologic database that can be evaluated in the process of revising current guidelines and standards. The low levels of exposure at which effects on health were seen underscore the urgent need for such reevaluations.
Amikacin Therapy for Severe Gram-Negative Sepsis
Authors: FRANCIS P. TALLY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Amikacin (BB-K8) is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin which is active in vitro against many gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-three patients with 25 serious Gram-negative infections were treated with this new aminoglycoside. Twelve infections involved organisms that were resistant to gentamicin. Twenty patients satisfied the criteria for bacteriological and clinical cure. This included 11 of the 12 infections involving gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. In 4 urinary tract infections there was a good clinical response, but routine follow-up urine cultures at 30 days were positive. One patient failed on amikacin therapy. Eighth nerve toxicity was detected in two patients. These results indicate that amikacin is effective in the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections and is particularly useful in those involving resistant organisms. Further studies are indicated to evaluate ototoxic potential.
The Doctor and the Devils
Authors: A. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This poetic screenplay from the 1950s raises questions, still pertinent today, about the pursuit of medical knowledge. Informed by the story of the body snatchers Burke and Hare, it tells of Dr Rock, a bright and ambitious anatomist who needs bodies to dissect. These come to be supplied, increasingly fresh, by the two characters Fallon and Broom. The text beautifully captures the squalid streets and taverns and the upper middle class university world of 1820s Edinburgh.

A charismatic and contradictory man, Rock has a mind of his own. He is contemptuous of the “false pride and prejudice” that maintain sharp class divisions, believes passionately in his work, and has a following of young, rather awestruck students. For him the purpose of medical study is “the …
CURRENT DEFINITIONS OF PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ARE NOT SURROGATE MARKERS FOR CATHETERIZATION LAB QUALITY OR CLINICAL TRIAL END POINTS
Authors: Nevin Baker, Ricardo Escarcega Alarcon, Michael Lipinski, Sa'ar Minha, Marco Magalhaes Pereira, Joshua Loh, Lakshmana Pendyala, Alfazir Omar, Ota Hideaki, Rebecca Torguson, Fang Chen, William Suddath, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Charts and Patients' Fears
Authors: EDWIN E. FERGUSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1977Charts and Patients' FearsEDWIN E. FERGUSON JR., M.D.EDWIN E. FERGUSON JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-380_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I write about the study reported by Stevens, Stagg, and Mackay, "What Happens When Hospitalized Patients See their Own Records" (Ann Intern Med 86:474-477, 1977).Why did patients who expressed a fear of cancer express this fear only after looking at their chart? This phobia should have been elicited directly by the physician at an earlier bedside interview. Why was the obese patient surprised to find the word obesity in her chart, and why were the risks of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease discussed with her only after she expressed surprise? Why was an Rh incompatibility... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWIN E. FERGUSONJR., M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Hospitals Madison, WI 53706 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1977Volume 87, Issue 3Page: 380-380KeywordsChartsDiabetes mellitusFearObesityOverweightStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Chinese Hospital: A Socialist Work Unit
Authors: Steven H. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the history of our unfolding reacquaintance with China, the 4 1/2-month long visit of a young American couple to a Wuhan teaching hospital in 1979-1980 was one of the first close encounters of the biomedical kind. Gail Henderson was a graduate student in sociology at the time, while her husband, Myron Cohen, was a fellow in infectious diseases. They describe and discuss their infectious disease ward as a medical facility and their hospital as an example of a modern Chinese social/political/economic "work unit" (<i>danwei</i>). Their general social commentary extends well beyond medicine. Although the heavily footnoted academic style is not the stuff of Steven Spielberg films, the subject and the observations are fascinating. The book alternates between two distinct modes. Approximately 60 pages present data from the hospital and experiences from the ward. Detailed summaries explain administration, finances, patient load, and personnel practices at this institution. A survey of
Abstract 3764: Genome-wide association study identifies potential susceptibility loci associated with differential response to environmental insults in sporadic Chinese CRC patients
Authors: Peh Yean Cheah, Lai Fun Thean, Woon Puay Koh, Yik Ying Teo, Jian-Min Yuan, Mei Lin Teoh, Hui Hua Li, Yu Hui Wong, Poh Koon Koh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified fourteen SNPs that influence risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) in Caucasians. None of these tagging SNPs is within coding region of a candidate gene. Only five of these SNPs were associated with CRC risk in Chinese population. We aimed to perform GWAS to identify new susceptibility loci associated with differential response to environmental insults in sporadic Chinese CRC patients. A total of 1,000 cases (aged 50 years or more) and 1,000 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were genotyped with Affymetrix SNP 6 array, a newer microarray platform which includes the ability to interrogate structural variants. Over 90% of the arrays have call rate of 99% or more. Thirty five arrays with call rate less than 97% and either null QC or negative QC (enzyme) values were replicated. Principal component analysis performed together with 270 HapMap and 92 Singapore Genome Variant Project (SGVP) samples indicate that there is no population substructure. Sixteen outliers were removed. SNPs with call rate less than 99% and minor allelic frequency less than 0.1, and control SNPs not in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium were filtered. Subsequent quantile-quantile plot shows no evidence of allelic test statistic inflation. Twelve new chromosomal regions with SNPs having -log10 p-values greater than four and good clustering patterns were identified via Manhattan plot. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed to ascertain the LD blocks around these SNPs. SNPs in three chromosomal regions within the vicinity of promising CRC candidate genes were prioritized and currently being validated in a replication panel consisting of another 2,000 cases and controls. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3764. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3764
Evidence based purchasing: understanding results of clinical trials and systematic reviews
Authors: T Fahey, S Griffiths, T J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To assess whether the way in which the results of a randomised controlled trial and a systematic review are presented influences health policy decisions.A postal questionnaire to all members of a health authority within one regional health authority.Anglia and Oxford regional health authorities.182 executive and non-executive members of 13 health authorities, family health services authorities, or health commissions.The average score from all health authority members in terms of their willingness to fund a mammography programme or cardiac rehabilitation programme according to four different ways of presenting the same results of research evidence--namely, as a relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction, proportion of event free patients, or as the number of patients needed to be treated to prevent an adverse event.The willingness to fund either programme was significantly influenced by the way in which data were presented. Results of both programmes when expressed as relative risk reductions produced significantly higher scores when compared with other methods (P < 0.05). The difference was more extreme for mammography, for which the outcome condition is rarer.The method of reporting trial results has a considerable influence on the health policy decisions made by health authority members.
Myeloblasts with unusual morphology
Authors: Abbas Hashim Abdulsalam, Nafila Sabeeh, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

This composite photograph is of the peripheral blood of a 16-year-old Iraqi girl presenting with mild hepatosplenomegaly, generalized bruising and rectal bleeding. A blood count showed a white cell count of 17 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration 2.5 g/dl and platelet count 7 × 109/l. A peripheral blood film made without delay showed blast cells of unusual morphology, many having striking nuclear lobulation (top); nucleoli were prominent. Some blast cells contained Auer rods or granules, confirmed on Sudan black B staining (bottom left and bottom right). Maturing myeloid cells were dysplastic. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with differentiation was made, FAB (French–American–British) M2 AML. Lobulated promonocytes are characteristic of acute monocytic leukemia and lobulated promyelocytes are similarly typical of the variant microgranular form of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However pronounced symmetrical nuclear lobulation of myeloblasts, as shown in this patient, is a quite uncommon feature of AML.
DISTRIBUTION OF JAUNDICE IN CIRCULATORY FAILURE 1
Authors: Jonathan Meakins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

The appearance of biliary pigmentation (aundice) of the skin and viscera is a relatively common occurrence in severe circulatory failure.It has usually been considered that the distribution of this pigmentation was of a general character.A case was reported in 1925 (1) which showed that this was not always true and since then a number of similar cases have come under examination which have demonstrated that a definite localization of the pigmentation may occur under certain conditions of circulatory failure.Case 1.A man with chronic valvular disease of the heart; (aortic-stenosis and regurgitation, mitral regurgitation), tricuspid insufficiency, pulsating liver, myo- cardial failure, dependent anasarca and localized jaundice; death six days after admission.2History.A white man, aged 37, with a history of recurring attacks of acute rheumatic fever and circulatory insufficiency.On December 15, 1924, the dyspnea suddenly became more troublesome and edema of the feet and legs rapidly ap- peared.On December 20th jaundice of the face, upper part of the body and sclerae appeared.On examination on February 1, 1925, he was found to have the signs of aortic and mitral disease and pronounced evidence of-tricuspid insufficiency with positive pulsation of the veins of the neck and pulsation of the liver which were both palpable and visible.There was edema of the feet, legs, genitalia, back and abdomen up to the-level of the nipples (fig.1).Over this area the skin was white without pigmentation while above this line the jaundice was an intense yellow color.Blood pressure was 138 mm.Hg. systolic and 48 mm.Hg. diastolic.There was periodic breathing and there were many fine moist riles at the bases of both 'Presented in abstract before the American Society for Clinical Investigation, May 3rd, 1926.
Fluorouracil as an Adjuvant to Colorectal Cancer Surgery; The Breakthrough That Never Was
Authors: Mario J. R. Ravry
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I read with interest the article by Li and Ross who, as most investigators do, grouped together colon and rectal cancers for the analysis of their data and expression of their results. In addition to their use of historical controls, they expressed survival for the entire group only in terms of the stage of the disease, but not according to the site of origin of cancer within the bowel.  Consideration of the site of origin within the large bowel could be of importance in treatment and prognosis. It has been suggested that for comparable stages of disease, carcinomas of the colon roughly tend to have a better prognosis than rectal lesions. 1,2 Some studies have suggested that radiation therapy may offer a distinct advantage of survivorship when combined with surgery for the treatment of Dukes C-stage rectal cancer, 2 a phenomenon presumed to be secondary to the
Healthcare providers in New Zealand and England could learn from each other
Authors: H. Charles-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In asking what lessons primary care groups can learn from New Zealand's independent practitioner associations Malcolm and Mays seem to be underestimating the opportunities that primary care groups bring and the progress made so far.1 They correctly state that from April 1999 the chief executive of each NHS trust and the chairperson of each primary care group became accountable not only for the financial health of the organisation but also for the quality of the clinical services it delivers. This is a fundamental change …
Depressive Symptoms and Academic Performance in College Students
Authors: WILLIAM WHITNEY, REMI J. CADORET, JAMES N. McCLURE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors administered a questionnaire concerning mental health and functioning to freshmen at a state university. They found a relationship between students' self-ratings for depressive symptoms and their academic performance in the semester following the test. The higher the number of depressive symptoms students admitted to, the lower their grade-point average; however, chronic feelings of inadequacy did not correlate with grade-point average. This suggests the importance of distinguishing a depressive syndrome from conditions such as chronic inadequacy.
Physical Activity and Risk of Stroke in Women
Authors: Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Context Persuasive evidence has demonstrated that increased physical activity is associated with substantial reduction in risk of coronary heart disease.However, the role of physical activity in the prevention of stroke is less well established.Objective To examine the association between physical activity and risk of total stroke and stroke subtypes in women. Design and SettingThe Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study of subjects residing in 11 US states.Subjects A total of 72 488 female nurses aged 40 to 65 years who did not have diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline in 1986 and who completed detailed physical activity questionnaires in 1986, 1988, and 1992.Main Outcome Measure Incident stroke occurring between baseline and June 1, 1994, compared among quintiles of physical activity level as measured by metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) in hours per week. ResultsDuring 8 years (560087 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 407 incident cases of stroke (258 ischemic strokes, 67 subarachnoid hemorrhages, 42 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 40 strokes of unknown type).In multivariate analyses controlling for age, body mass index, history of hypertension, and other covariates, increasing physical activity was strongly inversely associated with risk of total stroke.Relative risks (RRs) in the lowest to highest MET quintiles were 1.00, 0.98, 0.82, 0.74, and 0.66 (P for trend=.005).The inverse gradient was seen primarily for ischemic stroke (RRs across increasing MET quintiles, 1.00, 0.87, 0.83, 0.76, and 0.52; P for trend=.003).Physical activity was not significantly associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage.After multivariate adjustment, walking was associated with reduced risk of total stroke (RRs across increasing walking MET quintiles, 1.00, 0.76, 0.78, 0.70, and 0.66; P for trend=.01)and ischemic stroke (RRs across increasing walking MET quintiles, 1.00, 0.77, 0.75, 0.69, and 0.60; P for trend=.02).Brisk or striding walking pace was associated with lower risk of total and ischemic stroke compared with average or casual pace. ConclusionThese data indicate that physical activity, including moderate-intensity exercise such as walking, is associated with substantial reduction in risk of total and ischemic stroke in a dose-response manner.
THE SPECIALTIES IN RELATION TO THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON LARYNGOLOGY AND OTOLOGY, AT THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PORTLAND, ORE., JULY 11-14, 1905.
Authors: ROBERT CUNNINGHAM MYLES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is my privilege to open the Section on Laryngology and Otology of the American Medical Association—a highly appreciated privilege which you have conferred on me by electing me your chairman, and for which I desire to thank you. It is not only a privilege, but an honor which I have done little to deserve, but I will endeavor to show my appreciation by presenting a few suggestions in the course of the customary chairman's address, which I trust will be accepted in the spirit in which they are given, not only by this section, but by the profession at large. There never was a truer saying than that "the more we learn, the more we recognize how little we know." If this truism holds good in the general philosophy of life, it is applicable with even greater force to any subdivision of human knowledge, and not with the least degree