tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth Spacing—The Long and Short of It
Authors: Rachel A. Royce
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF ADJUVANT TAMOXIFEN THERAPY IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WITH HIGH OESTROGEN RECEPTOR VALUES
Authors: Carsten Rose, KnudW. Andersen, HenningT. Mouridsen, SusanM. Thorpe, BoV. Pedersen, Mogens Blichert-Toft, BirgitteB. Rasmussen
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
The American Medical Association and Parliamentary Law.
Authors: A. C. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1895)

San Jose, Cal., Sept. 30, 1895.  To the Editor:  —Now that the storms have passed which threatened the equanimity of the two last annual meetings of theAssociation, it may not be time spent in vain to consider, briefly, some of the parliamentary rulings which obtained at the two meetings mentioned. It is the duty of every man connected with societies and deliberative bodies to acquaint himself with parliamentary law, but especially is this duty incumbent on those who assume to preside over deliberative bodies, even a medical body, for there must be law, order and system in every deliberative assembly, that business may be facilitated and all members secured in their rights.  I have no doubt, as a rule, that the Presidents of ourAssociationendeavor to conduct the business of our annual meetings, fairly, impartially and in accordance with their best ability. Perchance, occasionally a wrong parliamentary ruling
Why Treat the Wounded? Warrior Care, Military Salvage, and National Health
Authors: Michael L. Gross
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Because the goal of military medicine is salvaging the wounded who can return to duty, military medical ethics cannot easily defend devoting scarce resources to those so badly injured that they cannot return to duty. Instead, arguments turn to morale and political obligation to justify care for the seriously wounded. Neither argument is satisfactory. Care for the wounded is not necessary to maintain an army's morale. Nor is there any moral or logical connection between the right to health care (a universal human right) and the duty to defend one's nation (a local political duty). Once badly wounded, soldiers enjoy the same right to medical care as any similarly ill or injured individual. National health care systems grasp this point and offer few additional health care benefits to veterans. In the United States, however, lack of universal health coverage skews the debate to focus on special entitlements for veterans without considering the health care rights that other citizens enjoy.
Doula at the Bedside of the Patient in Labor
Authors: Mortimer G. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The benefits of continuous emotional support during labor and delivery are described by Kennell et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journal. Earlier work by Klaus and Kennell<sup>2</sup>contributed to our understanding of the importance of parental interaction in stimulating early infant bonding, and of the importance of early maternal contact with the low—birth weight neonate to lower the incidence of later child abuse. In most hospital labor and delivery rooms, the support person who encourages and assists a mother through her labor is the nurse. The nurse's role also includes starting infusions, checking vital signs, administering medications, attaching and adjusting monitoring instruments, and documenting the progress of labor on the patient's chart. In some hospitals nurses also perform pelvic examinations. While the nurse can give the patient considerable psychological support, this attention may be diverted by responsibility for other patients and by the need to respond to
Loss of the tumor suppressor Vhlh leads to upregulation of Cxcr4 and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in mice
Authors: Mei Ding, Shiying Cui, Chengjin Li, Serge Jothy, Volker Haase, Brent M Steer, Philip A Marsden, Jeffrey Pippin, Stuart Shankland, Maria Pia Rastaldi, Clemens D Cohen, Matthias Kretzler, Susan E Quaggin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 C-509T Polymorphism, Oxidant Stress, and Early-Onset Childhood Asthma
Authors: Muhammad T. Salam, W. James Gauderman, Rob McConnell, Pi-Chu Lin, Frank D. Gilliland
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is involved in airway inflammation and remodeling, two key processes in asthma pathogenesis. Tobacco smoke and traffic emissions induce airway inflammation and modulate TGF-beta1 gene expression. We hypothesized that the effects of functional TGF-beta1 variants on asthma occurrence vary by these exposures.
Evaluation of Increased Norepinephrine Excretion in Hypertension Using L-Dopa- <sup>3</sup> H
Authors: VINCENT DEQUATTRO
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Four hypertensive patients with features of sympathoadrenal hyperactivity similar to those of patients with pheochromocytoma had rates of excretion of norepinephrine plus epinephrine (µg/day) of 135 ± 13 (mean ± SE ) compared with 441 ± 59 in five patients with pheochromocytoma and 53 ± 7 in six patients with primary hypertension. The specific activities of urinary norepinephrine and the half-life of the rate of their decline were determined for each patient for 24 hours after intraneuronal labeling of norepinephrine using L -dopa- 3 H. The initial specific activities of norepinephrine (dpm/mµmole) and the half-life of the rate of their decline (hours) for the three groups were 2,920 ± 670 and 3.8; 291 ± 89 and 4.2; and 6.782 ± 1,003 and 6.0, respectively. However, the observed differences in the half-life values were not significant. The findings indicated that the rate of release and excretion of newly synthesized norepinephrine was increased in patients with hypertension and sympathoadrenal hyperactivity. Less than 1% of the infused L -dopa- 3 H was converted to norepinephrine in the chromaffin tumors of patients with pheochromocytoma, resulting in low specific activities of urinary norepinephrine; this may be of diagnostic value in hypertensive patients who have equivocally increased rates of norepinephrine excretion. The autonomic hyperactivity, hypertension, and excessive norepinephrine excretion in the four patients without pheochromocytoma may have been related to unidentified forms of stress.
Effects of Spontaneous and Hypercapnic Hyperventilation on Inspiratory Effort Sensation in Normal Subjects
Authors: E. L. DE VITO, A. J. RONCORONI, E. E. A. BERIZZO, F. PESSOLANO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In order to elucidate if the inspiratory effort sensation (IES) associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) is independent of the concomitant increase in the ventilation, we studied 23 normal resting volunteers (mean age 34 +/- 11 yr) during CO2 rebreathing. Our main goal was to compare the IES at the same ventilation level under hypercapnic and isocapnic conditions. The protocol included: (1) basal measurements (BASAL); (2) hypercapnic ventilation (HV); (3) screen copy of ventilatory pattern during hypercapnia (COPY); (4) screen copy at basal end-tidal (partial) carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) (ISO); and (5) recovery (REC). During HV, PETCO2 increased to 54.8 +/- 0.78 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and ventilation (VE) from 12.0 +/- 0.50 to 28.1 +/- 1.19 L/min (p < 0.001). Borg value increased from 0.11 +/- 0.06 to 3.4 +/- 0.23 (p < 0.001). These values were not different during HV and COPY. During ISO, PETCO2 was 40.2 +/- 0. 59 mm Hg (not significant [NS] from BASAL), while VE remained unchanged: 29.9 +/- 1.29 L/min (NS from HV and COPY). Interestingly, the Borg value during the ISO decreased to 1.86 +/- 0.28 (p < 0.001 compared with HV and COPY). The increased IES induced by hypercapnic ventilation was reduced at the same ventilation level during isocapnic conditions. We suggest that CO2 generates an IES independent of the concomitant increase in ventilation.
Small molecule scavenger receptor BI antagonists are potent HCV entry inhibitors
Authors: Andrew J. Syder, Haekyung Lee, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Joe Grove, Eric Soulier, James Macdonald, Stephine Chow, Julia Chang, Thomas F. Baumert, Jane A. McKeating, Jeffrey McKelvy, Flossie Wong-Staal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Mediators of the Association Between Mortality Risk and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Daniel J. Brotman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nurse therapists in behavioural psychotherapy.
Authors: I M Marks, R S Hallam, R Philpott, J C Connolly
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Five registered mental nurses (R.M.N.s) were trained over two years to become behavioural psychotherapists for adult neurotic disorders. They achieved results comparable to those obtained with similar patients and methods by psychologists and psychiatrists. Similar results were maintained when over a third year the therapists were seconded to work in four hospitals and a general practice. Patients were satisfied at being treated by nurses. After initial teething difficulties nurse therapists became valuable members of treatment teams during both training and secondment, becoming accepted by most nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists with whom they came into contact. The training of further nurse therapists would facilitate treatment of many disabled neurotics who would otherwise go without effective treatment. Training nurse therapists takes less time and money than training psychologists and psychiatrists because less of their education is redundant to the skills involved. The pool of R.M.N.s suitable for training is much larger than that of psychiatrists and psychologists. The nurse therapists can be integrated relatively easily into treatment teams. The present nursing structure imposes restrictions on the advancement of clinical nurse specialists and a clinical tree is badly needed parallel with present administrative and teaching hierarchies. An 18-month course in adult behavioural psychotherapy has been recognized by the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies for England and Wales so that nurse therapists seem destined to be a lasting feature of future treatment teams.
West Indian diabetic population of a large inner city diabetic clinic.
Authors: K Nikolaides, A H Barnett, A J Spiliopoulos, P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1981)

West Indians form a sizable minority of diabetics attending many inner city diabetic clinics. There are 554 diabetics of West Indian origin on our computer files--7% of the total recorded clinic population. Of these 554 patients (56% female, 44% male), 70% have been diagnosed within the past five years; and only 9% have had diabetes for over 10 years; in only five (1%) was diabetes diagnosed before the age of 20. Sixteen per cent were taking insulin, but only 4% of the total West Indian population were truly insulin dependent. Of 65 patients admitted in hyperglycaemic coma or precoma over the past three years, 10 were of West Indian origin; eight of these 10 had hyperosmolar coma compared with only six of the remaining 55. We conclude that diabetics of West Indian origin attending our clinic show differences in the distribution of age and duration of diabetes from the caucasian population. Most are non-insulin dependent, and the frequency of hyperosmolar coma is higher than that of ketoacidosis. Diabetics of West Indian origin may have a different pattern of disease from the rest of the clinic population.
Hepatic ICG removal in the pig depends on plasma protein and hematocrit: Evidence of sinusoidal binding disequilibrium and unstirred water layer effects
Authors: P Ott
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The influence of binding protein concentration and hematocrit on hepatic uptake of indocyanine green (ICG) was studied in anesthetized pigs during constant infusion of ICG. By exchange transfusions, we either substituted plasma protein with dextran 70 (n = 8) or changed hematocrit (n = 8). Intrinsic hepatic clearance of ICG, K, was calculated from plasma flow rate and concentrations in peripheral artery and liver vein after correction for extrahepatic distribution. By analyzing the relative change of K versus either the protein dilution factor or the change in plasma volume fraction (1-hct), we evaluated four current models for hepatic uptake of protein-bound substances even though a number of model parameters were unknown (parameter-free testing). Protein dilution factors (unitless) of 0.506 ± 0.027, 0.673 ± 0.011, and 0.749 ± 0.028 were associated with inverse K ratios of 0.621 ± 0.025, 0.758 ± 0.021, and 0.817 ± 0.013. These data rejected the traditional hypothesis that ICG uptake is proportional to the unbound concentration. They were compatible with development of binding disequilibrium along the sinusoidal lumen, an unstirred water layer close to the hepatocyte surface, or facilitated uptake from the bound pool. A plasma volume ratio [(1-hct2)/(1-hct1)] of 1.14 ± 0.02 was associated with a K ratio of 1.07 ± 0.02 (P = .01). Only sinusoidal binding disequilibrium predicted this finding, whereas an additional unstirred water layer effect could not be excluded. The observations could be simulated by a model that included both of these effects. Thus, neither the relative changes of K nor the absolute K values required the assumption of facilitated uptake from the bound pool. The parameter-free design presented may be useful with other ligands in intact animals.
Acetylcholine receptor-reactive T and B cells in myasthenia gravis and controls.
Authors: H Link, O Olsson, J Sun, W Z Wang, G Andersson, H P Ekre, T Brenner, O Abramsky, T Olsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is strongly associated with antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR), whereas the extent of T cell involvement is not settled. The number of cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to AChR during 48 h culture of blood mononuclear cells (PBL) may reflect AChR-reactive T cells. Using an immunospot assay, we detected such cells in 23 of 30 patients with MG at a mean number of 1 per 33.333 PBL. AChR-reactive T cells were also found in patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and in healthy subjects but at lower frequencies and numbers. The T cell response to purified protein derivative and to PHA, and also to two major myelin proteins (basic protein and proteolipid protein) did not differ between MG and the two control groups, underlining the specificity of an augmented T cell reactivity to AChR in MG. Evaluation of the B cell response by enumerating anti-AChR IgG antibody secreting cells revealed such cells in 27 of 28 patients with MG at a mean value of 1 per 14,085 PBL. Cells secreting anti-AChR antibodies of the IgA and IgM isotypes were also detected in MG, but less frequently, at lower numbers, and only in conjunction with IgG antibody secreting cells. Anti-AChR antibody secreting cells were also found among patient with OND and in healthy controls, but at lower frequencies and numbers. These data confirm that AChR is a major target for autoimmune response in MG.
PREDICTORS OF IMPROVEMENT IN EXERCISE TOLERANCE AFTER CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RECEIVED PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN HONG KONG
Authors: Chor Cheung Tam, Raymond Chan, Leonard Li, KB Lam, YY Ho, YM Fong, KL Wong, YT Wong, SY Yung, Linda Lam, Stephen Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Treating hypertension in black compared with white non-insulin dependent diabetics: a double blind trial of verapamil and metoprolol.
Authors: J. K. Cruickshank, N. M. Anderson, J. Wadsworth, S. M. Young, E. Jepson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare responses of blood pressure to the calcium antagonist verapamil and the beta blocker metoprolol in black compared with white diabetics with hypertension and to monitor urinary albumin excretion in relation to fall in blood pressure. DESIGN--Double blind, placebo controlled, random order crossover trial with four week placebo run in period and two six week active phases separated by a two week placebo washout period. SETTING--Outpatient department of a general hospital in a multiethnic health department. Patients--Diabetic patients with hypertension. Four dropped out before randomisation; 25 black and 14 white patients completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS--Patients given slow release verapamil 120 mg or 240 mg twice daily with placebo or metoprolol 50 mg or 100 mg twice daily with placebo. Treatment for diabetes (diet alone or with oral hypoglycaemic drugs) remained unchanged. END POINT--Comparison of changes in blood pressure in the two groups taking both drugs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Metoprolol had little effect on blood pressure in black patients (mean fall 4.0 mm Hg systolic (95% confidence interval -2.5 to 10.4 mm Hg), 4.3 mm Hg diastolic (-0.8 to 9.5)) but more effect in white patients (mean falls 13.4 mm Hg (0.1 to 26.7) and 10.6 mm Hg (4.5 to 16.7) respectively). Verapamil was more effective in both groups, with mean falls of 8.8 mm Hg (2.4 to 15.0) and 8.1 mm Hg (5.0 to 11.2) in black patients and 19.1 mm Hg (5.4 to 32.9) and 11.4 mm Hg (0.9 to 22.0) in white patients. Heart fate fell significantly in black patients taking metoprolol, which suggested compliance with treatment. Metabolic variables were unaltered by either treatment. Plasma renin activity was low in both groups after metoprolol treatment, but change in blood pressure could not be predicted from baseline plasma renin activity. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was independently related to baseline blood pressure but not significantly changed by treatment. CONCLUSIONS--beta Blockers alone are not effective in treating hypertension in black diabetics. Verapamil is effective but less so than in white patients. As yet no ideal monotherapy exists for hypertension in black patients.
Cellular-specific role of toll-like receptor 4 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Gary W. Nace, Hai Huang, John R. Klune, Raymond E. Eid, Brian R. Rosborough, Sebastian Korff, Shen Li, Richard A. Shapiro, Donna B. Stolz, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam, David A. Geller, Timothy R. Billiar, Allan Tsung
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process whereby an initial hypoxic insult and subsequent return of blood flow leads to the propagation of innate immune responses and organ injury. The necessity of the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, for this innate immune response has been previously shown. However, TLR4 is present on various cell types of the liver, both immune and nonimmune cells. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of TLR4 in individual cell populations, specifically, parenchymal hepatocytes (HCs), myeloid cells, including Kupffer cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) subsequent to hepatic I/R. When HC-specific (Alb-TLR4 −/− ) and myeloid-cell–specific (Lyz-TLR4 −/− ) TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to warm hepatic ischemia, there was significant protection in these mice, compared to wild type (WT). However, the protection afforded in these two strains was significantly less than global TLR4 KO (TLR4 −/− ) mice. DC-specific TLR4 −/− (CD11c-TLR4 −/− ) mice had significantly increased hepatocellular damage, compared to WT mice. Circulating levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were significantly reduced in Alb-TLR4 −/− mice, compared to WT, Lyz-TLR4 −/− , CD11c-TLR4 −/− mice and equivalent to global TLR4 −/− mice, suggesting that TLR4-mediated HMGB1 release from HCs may be a source of HMGB1 after I/R. HCs exposed to hypoxia responded by rapidly phosphorylating the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, in a TLR4-dependent manner; inhibition of JNK decreased release of HMGB1 after both hypoxia in vitro and I/R in vivo . Conclusion : These results provide insight into the individual cellular response of TLR4. The parenchymal HC is an active participant in sterile inflammatory response after I/R through TLR4-mediated activation of proinflammatory signaling and release of danger signals, such as HMGB1. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)