tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of effect of cafetiere and filtered coffee on serum concentrations of liver aminotransferases and lipids: six month randomised controlled trial
Authors: R. Urgert, S. Meyboom, M. Kuilman, H. Rexwinkel, M. N Vissers, M. Klerk, M. B Katan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study the effects of prolonged intake of cafetiere coffee, which is rich in the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol, on serum aminotransferase and lipid concentrations. <b>Design</b>: Randomised parallel controlled trial. <b>Subjects</b>: 46 healthy men and women aged 19 to 69. <b>Intervention</b>: Consumption of five to six strong cups (0.9 litres) a day of either cafetiere (22 subjects) or filtered coffee (24 subjects) for 24 weeks. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Mean changes in serum aminotransferase and lipid concentrations. <b>Results</b>: Cafetiere coffee raised alanine aminotransferase concentration by up to 80% above baseline values relative to filtered coffee. After 24 weeks the rise was still 45% (9 U/l (95% confidence interval 3 to 15 U/l), P = 0.007). Alanine aminotransferase concentration exceeded the upper limit of normal in eight of the 22 subjects drinking cafetiere coffee, being twice the upper limit of normal in three of them. Cafetiere coffee raised low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 9–14%. After 24 weeks the rise was 0.26 mmol/l (0.04 to 0.47 mmol/l) (P = 0.03) relative to filtered coffee. Triglyceride concentrations initially rose by 26% with cafetiere coffee but returned close to baseline values within six months. All increases were reversible after the intervention was stopped. <b>Conclusions</b>: Daily consumption of five to six cups of strong cafetiere coffee affects the integrity of liver cells as suggested by small increases in serum alanine aminotransferase concentration. The effect does not subside with prolonged intake. High intakes of coffee brews rich in cafestol and kahweol may thus be responsible for unexplained increases in this enzyme activity in apparently healthy subjects. Cafetiere coffee also raises low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and thus the risk of coronary heart disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> This randomised study found that cafetiere coffee also increased alanine aminotransferase and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and they were still raised after six months of daily intake. Filtered coffee had no effect The increase in liver enzyme activity could be innocuous, but the increase in cholesterol concentration may increase coronary risk and could be a reason to advise patients to drink filtered coffee
Fine tuning of receptor-selectivity for tumor necrosis factor-α using a phage display system with one-step competitive panning
Authors: Yasuhiro Abe, Tomoaki Yoshikawa, Masaki Inoue, Tetsuya Nomura, Takeshi Furuya, Takuya Yamashita, Kazuya Nagano, Hiromi Nabeshi, Yasuo Yoshioka, Yohei Mukai, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Haruhiko Kamada, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Shin-ichi Tsunoda
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
IgE-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity to the pyrazolone drug propyphenazone
Authors: Martin Himly, Beatrice Jahn-Schmid, Klaus Pittertschatscher, Barbara Bohle, Karl Grubmayr, Fátima Ferreira, Herwig Ebner, Christof Ebner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Erythropoietin Delivery by Genetically Engineered Bone Marrow Stromal Cells for Correction of Anemia in Mice with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Nicoletta Eliopoulos, Raymonde F. Gagnon, Moira Francois, Jacques Galipeau
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The goal of this research was to develop a strategy to couple stem cell and gene therapy for <i>in vivo</i> delivery of erythropoietin (Epo) for treatment of anemia of ESRD. It was shown previously that autologous bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can be genetically engineered to secrete pharmacologic amounts of Epo in normal mice. Therefore, whether anemia in mice with mild to moderate chronic renal failure (CRF) can be improved with Epo gene-modified MSCs (Epo<sup>+</sup>MSCs) within a subcutaneous implant was examined. A cohort of C57BL/6 mice were rendered anemic by right kidney electrocoagulation and left nephrectomy. In these CRF mice, the hematocrit (Hct) dropped from a prenephrectomy baseline of approximately 55% to 40% after induction of renal failure. MSCs from C57BL/6 donor mice were genetically engineered to secrete murine Epo at a rate of 3 to 4 units of Epo/10<sup>6</sup> cells per 24 h, embedded in a collagen-based matrix, and implanted subcutaneously in anemic CRF mice. It was observed that Hct increased after administration of Epo<sup>+</sup>MSCs, according to cell dose. Implants of 3 million Epo<sup>+</sup>MSCs per mouse had no effect on Hct, whereas 10 million led to a supraphysiologic effect. The Hct of CRF mice that received 4.5 or 7.5 million Epo<sup>+</sup>MSCs rose to a peak 54 ± 4.0 or 63 ± 5.5%, respectively, at 3 wk after implantation and remained above 48 or 54% for &gt;19 wk. Moreover, mice that had CRF and received Epo<sup>+</sup>MSCs showed significantly greater swimming exercise capacity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that subcutaneous implantation of Epo-secreting genetically engineered MSCs can correct anemia that occurs in a murine model of CRF.
Audit of dermatological content of U.K. undergraduate curricula
Authors: E. Davies, S. Burge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Recommendations for the dermatology content (learning outcomes) of the core undergraduate curriculum were sent to all U.K. medical schools in June 2006.To carry out an audit of the content of the core curriculum in each U.K. medical school against the recommendations for a core undergraduate dermatology curriculum (the criteria) published by the British Association of Dermatologists, to identify areas of good practice and to gather evidence for developing the learning and teaching of dermatology.A questionnaire was circulated to the dermatology teaching leads of all U.K. medical schools (29) and one Irish medical school. Questions which the teaching leads were unable to answer were sent to the relevant deans and responses incorporated into the results. All curricula should include the essential learning outcomes that focus on clinical skills; as this was an audit to benchmark current practice, we did not set standards for the other recommendations for a core curriculum.Replies were received from teaching leads in 29 of the 30 medical schools and from 16 of the deans. Essential clinical skills such as taking a dermatological history and examining the skin were included in the curricula of most, but not all, medical schools. Areas of good practice include teaching on tumours, acne and psoriasis, but we found some surprising omissions including the diagnosis of meningococcaemia. Our data suggest that some students have little exposure to dermatology, but dermatology teaching takes place in secondary care in all medical schools. Knowledge-based assessments are used by 27 medical schools.Curricula should be strengthened so that the recommended learning outcomes feature in the core curricula of all medical schools. Teaching leads in all specialties, including those in the community, should communicate so that learning and teaching are integrated horizontally and vertically. The results should provide a baseline for future audits.
Unsuspected HIV infection presenting in first year of life
Authors: J A Evans, S C Marriage, M D S Walters, M Levin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Acute mountain sickness can be treated naturally by controlled descent or artificially in a hyperbaric chamber to increase air pressure or with drugs * Simulated descent in a hyperbaric chamber quickly relieves symptoms but the effect is short lived * The drug dexamethasone takes longer to work but the effect is longer lasting * A combination of the two methods may be the treatment of choice when the subject cannot be transported to lower altitudes not show any long term beneficial effect of a 3 hour stay in the hyperbaric chamber,2' so prolonging treat- ment is unlikely to have better long term results.Nevertheless, commercially available hyperbaric chambers are widely recommended for trekking parties and expeditions to extreme altitudes.According to anecdotal reports its use in the Himalayas has not prevented death from acute mountain sickness in trekking parties.Although the pressure bag represents a light and inexhaustible option for increasing oxygen tension, its correct handling at high altitude under difficult weather conditions is strenuous.The maintenance of a therapeutic pressure and a sufficient air flow by using manual pumps in these altitudes represents an enormous physical strain for the rescuers.In our study dexamethasone proved to be efficient in treatment of acute mountain sickness.The reduction of symptoms of acute mountain sickness with dexa- methasone coincided with an increase in arterial oxygen saturation.Compared with hyperbaric treat- ment the administration of dexamethasone is remarkably simple and results in slower improvement but longer lasting relief of symptoms.These observations led us to conclude that dexamethasone is the treatment of choice for the cerebral form of severe acute mountain sickness.Despite its disadvantages, the hyperbaric chamber represents an altemative to bottled oxygen in remote places and a valuable support of other treatments because ofits rapid action.Ifdexamethasone and a hyperbaric bag are available both methods may be used for immediate as well as prolonged relief of acute mountain sickness.Finally, however, it has to be emphasised that this dangerous and unpleasant condition should be avoided by slow ascent and that immediate descent or evacuation remains the ultimate treatment of choice.The objective of any other therapeutic measure should be to facilitate safe descent.
Modification of the Sippy Diet
Authors: Seymour M. Gluck
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their comments on "Bertram W. Sippy and Ulcer Disease Therapy," Zucker and Clayman<sup>1</sup>cite several drawbacks encountered with Sippy's program, eg, constipation, the occasional occurrence of scurvy, and the milk-alkali syndrome. Surprisingly, there is no comment on the long-term atherogenic effects of milk-cream feedings, although this was appreciated more than a quarter century ago by M. L. Goldman, MD (written communication, 1958), who recommended long-term use of fatfree milk. Sandweiss,<sup>2</sup>Hartcroft,<sup>3</sup>and others subsequently confirmed an increased morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in patients who were maintained on milk-cream mixtures. Despite the value of fat in supplying needed calories, inhibiting gastric secretion, and delaying gastric emptying, clinical and experimental evidence failed to confirm any advantage of cream over the use of nonfat milk.<sup>4</sup> Even though Sippy's original program has undergone considerable change with the development of improved antacid combinations, potent
Enhanced reflex response to baroreceptor deactivation in subjects with tilt-Induced syncope
Authors: Mariavittoria Pitzalis, Gianfranco Parati, Francesco Massari, Pietro Guida, Marco Di Rienzo, Brian Rizzon, Paolo Castiglioni, Massimo Iacoviello, Filippo Mastropasqua, Paolo Rizzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cost is an ethical issue
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Money is tight, so getting value for money has to be a top priority for all of us in healthcare. As Jim Easton, the man in charge of improvement and efficiency for the NHS, says whenever he speaks, cost is an ethical issue. Why, then, do we have so little information on cost effectiveness?

Teppo Jarvinen and colleagues find this especially worrying in the case of drug treatments for prevention (doi:10.1136/bmj.d2175). They say that for major preventive drugs, such as statins, antihypertensives, and bisphosphonates, there are “no valid data” on effectiveness or cost effectiveness. This may come as a surprise to some of …
Effects of ouabain on left ventricular performance in conscious dogs
Authors: L. D. Horwitz, V. S. Bishop
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Ventricular output curves were determined, by rapidly infusing Tyrode's solution until a maximal cardiac output was attained, in the control state and after digitalization with ouabain. Digitalization resulted in decreased cardiac reserve and peak cardiac output, due to a reduced peak heart rate without change in the stroke volume response.
Human Factor IX for the Treatment of Hemophilia B
Authors: Lisa J. Cardo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —A 66-year-old man, who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, with a history of hemophilia B (partial thromboplastin time, 75 seconds; factor IX activity, less than 1%), adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stable angina, congestive heart failure, oral candidiasis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presented to the emergency department with a fever and a change in mental status manifested by confusion. Neurological examination revealed no focal neurological deficits. Emergency computed tomographic scan with contrast showed diffuse cortical atrophy. Since intracranial hemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality among hemophilic patients, 1-3 a lumbar puncture was indicated to rule out any evidence of bleeding or infection. The patient had received prothrombin complex concentrates for past episodes of joint bleeding and tooth extraction. On more than one occasion this had resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulation, a known complication of the administration of this product. In addition, with the last administration
RELATION OF ALCOHOLISM TO EPILEPSY.
Authors: MATTHEW WOODS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The relation of alcoholism to epilepsy is a subject of such magnitude, so comprehensive and varied, that I shall confine myself briefly to but one part of one aspect of it, namely, the relation it bears in the moderate drinking parent to epilepsy in the child, leaving as the subject for a future paper the grosser and more palpable development of epilepsy in the drunkard himself, as a result of his excesses. There are illustrations, as you know; everybody knows of the extreme cases, where the victim of drink is not an epileptic and not commonly understood to be a drunkard, and yet as a result of his occasional convivial habit, or of his becoming slightly intoxicated almost every night, epilepsy or other neuroses manifest themselves in one or more of his children, just as fortunately there are cases where epilepsy in the parent as the result of drink, is
NHS East of England publishes its vision document in response to Darzi review
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The first strategic health authority in England to publish its clinical vision of future healthcare services has offered a lifeline to district general hospitals, with a commitment to maintain accident and emergency and maternity services in all acute hospital trusts.

NHS East of England is the first of England’s nine strategic health authorities to publish its vision document in response to junior health minister Ara Darzi’s review Our NHS, Our Future ( BMJ 2007;335:739 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39360.699977.DB). 

Last week Lord Darzi published Leading Local Change , which set out the context for the strategic health authorities’ visions and the principles that should guide their implementation ( BMJ 2008;336:1091 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39577.649502.DB). The other eight strategic health authorities will publish their own vision documents over the next few weeks.

Towards the Best, Together is the culmination of 18 months of consultation with clinicians, NHS staff, and patients in the East of England region on how the health authority should spend its budget of £8bn (€10bn; $16bn). It sets out how the region will respond …
Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Urinary Cotinine Excretion in Nonsmokers
Authors: Shigeru Matsukura, Tomohiko Taminato, Norikazu Kitano, Yutaka Seino, Hisashi Hamada, Masahito Uchihashi, Hiroko Nakajima, Yukio Hirata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Despite recognition of the deleterious effects of passive smoking, quantitative information on the intake of environmental tobacco smoke is still lacking. Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine found in the urine. We have examined the relationship between urinary cotinine excretion in 472 nonsmokers and the smokiness of their environment. The urinary cotinine levels of nonsmokers who lived with smokers were higher than those of nonsmokers who did not, increasing with the combined daily cigarette consumption of smokers in the family. The urinary cotinine values of nonsmokers who worked with smokers were also higher than those of nonsmokers who did not, increasing with the number of smokers in the workroom. The presence of smokers in both the home and the workplace also increased the cotinine levels. Urban nonsmokers had more cotinine in their urine than rural nonsmokers. We conclude that the deleterious effects of passive smoking may occur in proportion to the exposure of nonsmokers to smokers in the home, the workplace, and the community.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Obesity in the WAGR Syndrome
Authors: Joan C. Han, Qing-Rong Liu, MaryPat Jones, Rebecca L. Levinn, Carolyn M. Menzie, Kyra S. Jefferson-George, Diane C. Adler-Wailes, Ethan L. Sanford, Felicitas L. Lacbawan, George R. Uhl, Owen M. Rennert, Jack A. Yanovski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been found to be important in energy homeostasis in animal models, but little is known about its role in energy balance in humans. Heterozygous, variably sized, contiguous gene deletions causing haploinsufficiency of the WT1 and PAX6 genes on chromosome 11p13, approximately 4 Mb centromeric to BDNF (11p14.1), result in the Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome. Hyperphagia and obesity were observed in a subgroup of patients with the WAGR syndrome. We hypothesized that the subphenotype of obesity in the WAGR syndrome is attributable to deletions that induce haploinsufficiency of BDNF.
SKIN REACTIONS TO SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENTS WITH RADIANT HEAT AND SOFT X-RAYS
Authors: James A. Hawkins, Harry Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Guinea pigs have been exposed to suberythema doses of soft x-rays, to radiant heat of intensity about critical for producing slight burns, and to both radiations simultaneously. No erythema was produced in the skin of the animals exposed to x-rays alone and only slight burns resulted in 50 per cent of the animals exposed to heat radiation alone. The animals exposed to heat and x-radiation simultaneously developed well marked burns which healed much more slowly than those produced by heat alone.
Transduction of the IL2 Gene Into Human Acute Leukemia Cells: Induction of Tumor Rejection Without Modifying Cell Proliferation and IL2 Receptor Expression
Authors: A. Cignetti, A. Guarini, A. Carbone, M. Forni, K. Cronin, G. Forni, B. Gansbacher, R. Foa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Previous studies have suggested that some of the limitations associated with the administration of high-dose exogenous interleukin 2 (IL2) may be overcome, at least partly, by cytokine gene transfer modalities. These findings have prompted investigations into whether human tumor cells may be transduced with the IL2 gene and whether tumor cell lines could be engineered to release IL2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of inducing a productive transfer of the IL2 gene into human acute leukemia cells and to assess the phenotypic and proliferative changes generated in the engineered cells, as well as their tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Three retroviral vectors (DC/TK/IL2, DC/AD/R/IL2, and N2/CMV/IL2) carrying the IL2 gene were used to transduce three human leukemic cell lines: K562 and U937 (myeloid) and ST4 (lymphoid). Messenger RNA expression of the IL2 gene was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and productive IL2 release using a human IL2 assay and an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay kit. The expression of the p55 (α) and p75 (β) chains of the IL2 receptor were determined by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. The kinetics of in vitro growth and proliferation of parental and engineered cells were also measured. Parental and IL2 gene-transduced ST4 lymphoblasts were injected into immunosuppressed nude mice that had their tumors measured twice weekly. The productive insertion of the IL2 gene was achieved in all three cell lines studied. The amounts of IL2 constitutively released by the engineered neoplastic cells ranged between 1 and 11 U/mL of IL2 produced from 10 6 cells in 72 hours. A fivefold increase in IL2 production was obtained in ST4 cells by further limiting dilution cloning of the bulk-infected cells. The stable integration of the IL2 gene did not modify the phenotype of the leukemic cells, the expression of the IL2 receptor α and β chains and of several cytokine genes, or the kinetics of in vitro growth and proliferation. In nude mice injected with various IL2-producing ST4 clones, tumor growth associated inversely with the amounts of IL2 secreted by the leukemic cells. The results of this study demonstrate that the IL2 gene can be productively transduced into human myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells without modifying their phenotypic and proliferative properties and that this transduction leads to a reduced or abrogated in vivo tumorigenic potential.
Human monocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates the gene expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and increases the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial monolayers.
Authors: Y J Shyy, L L Wickham, J P Hagan, H J Hsieh, Y L Hu, S H Telian, A J Valente, K L Sung, S Chien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The stimulation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) with recombinant human monocyte-derived colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) increased the gene expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1). Northern blot analysis indicated that 50 U/ml of MCSF is the optimal concentration for this effect. The elevation of MCP-1 mRNA started as early as 1 h after stimulation and was maintained for at least 8 h. An increased MCP-1 level in MCSF-treated HUVEC was also demonstrated at the protein level by immunocytochemical staining using a polyclonal MCP-1-specific antibody. HUVEC activated by 50 U/ml of MCSF for 5 h showed a stronger immunofluorescence staining than control cells. Micropipette separation of THP-1 monocytes from HUVEC showed that the activation of both THP-1 and endothelium by MCSF led to an increase in the separation force by more than three times (36.2 +/- 6.7 x 10(-4) vs. 9.6 +/- 3.6 x 10(-4) dyn). An increased adhesiveness was also observed after MCSF activation of peripheral blood monocytes and HUVEC (16.7 +/- 2.7 x 10(-4) vs. 5.2 +/- 0.9 x 10(-4) dyn). The increased adhesive force in both systems was blocked by the use of anti-MCP-1 (5.5 +/- 0.8 x 10(-4) and 6.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(-4) dyn). Similar results were obtained in experiments in which only HUVEC, but not monocytes, were activated by MCSF. This increased adhesion of untreated monocytes to MCSF-activated HUVEC was also blocked by the addition of anti-MCP-1. In contrast, experiments in which only THP-1 or peripheral blood monocytes, but not HUVEC, were treated with MCSF did not show a significant increase of adhesion between these cells. These results indicate that MCSF augments monocyte-endothelium interaction primarily by its action on the endothelial cell and that this function is probably mediated through an increased expression of MCP-1. The MCSF/MCP-1-dependent adhesive mechanism might be operative in the arterial wall in vivo to lead to the trapping of the infiltrated monocyte-macrophage in the subendothelial space during atherogenesis.