tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research Enrollment and Informed Consent
Authors: Alain B. Labrique, Linda A. Bartlett, Maria W. Merritt
Journal: JAMA (2011)

1. Culic V, Eterovic D, Miric D. Meta-analysis of possible external triggers of acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 2005;99(1):1-8. 2. Simpson EH. The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 1951:238-241. 3. Maclure M. The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133(2):144-153. 4. Berlin JA, Santanna J, Schmid CH, Szczech LA, Feldman HI; Anti-Lymphocyte Antibody Induction Therapy Study Group. Individual patientversus group-level data meta-regressions for the investigation of treatment effect modifiers: ecological bias rears its ugly head. Stat Med. 2002;21(3):371-387.
Outcomes of Early Risk Stratification and Targeted Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sarah Zaman, Gopal Sivagangabalan, Arun Narayan, Aravinda Thiagalingam, David L. Ross, Pramesh Kovoor
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Methods to identify high-risk patients and timing of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy after ST-elevation myocardial infarction need further optimization.We evaluated outcomes of early ICD implantation in patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia. Consecutive patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction underwent early left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment. Patients with LVEF >40% were discharged (group 1); patients with LVEF < or =40% underwent risk stratification with electrophysiological study. If no ventricular tachycardia was induced, patients were discharged without an ICD (group 2). If sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (> or =200-ms cycle length) was induced, an ICD was implanted before discharge (group 3). Follow-up was obtained up to 30 months in all patients and up to 48 months in a subgroup of patients with LVEF < or =30% without an ICD. The primary end point was total mortality. Group 1 (n=574) had a mean LVEF of 54+/-8%; group 2 (n=83), 32+/-6%; and group 3 (n=32), 29+/-7%. At a median follow-up of 12 months, there was no significant difference in survival between the 3 groups (P=0.879), with mortality rates of 3%, 3%, and 6% for groups 1 through 3, respectively. In the subgroup of group 2 patients with LVEF < or =30% and no ICD (n=25), there was 9% mortality at a median follow-up of 25 months. In group 3, 19% had spontaneous ICD activation resulting from ventricular tachycardia.Early ICD implantation limited to patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia enables a low overall mortality in patients with impaired LVEF after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Vocational Training for General Practice: A Comparison of the Views of Trainees and Teachers
Authors: C. K. Drinkwater
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The views of 89 vocational trainees were compared with those of 45 doctors concerned in schemes of vocational training for general practice. Both groups agreed over most points, except on the desirability of compulsory vocational training: 42 of the trainees thought this to be desirable compared with 35 of the teachers.The composite scheme favoured by both trainees and teachers offered an initial period in general practice together with an organized course of seminars throughout the training period. The subjects in which most considered hospital experience essential were paediatrics, general medicine, and obstetrics and gynaecology.
Lower-Category Benign Breast Disease and the Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: J. Wang, J. P. Costantino, E. Tan-Chiu, D. L. Wickerham, S. Paik, N. Wolmark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

The risk of invasive breast cancer associated with benign breast disease (BBD) other than atypical hyperplasia and in situ breast cancer, especially with nonproliferative diagnosis, has not been explored extensively. This report evaluates the risk of breast cancer associated with this lower-category BBD (LC-BBD).11 307 women without prior history of atypical hyperplasia or in situ breast cancer at randomization (1992-1997) were identified from the cohort of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. Pathologic findings from breast biopsy reports through August 2002 were reviewed, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The relative risks of breast cancer for LC-BBD were adjusted for treatment and for breast cancer risk as determined by the modified Gail model.Of the 11 307 women, 1376 had LC-BBD, of whom 47 developed breast cancer, and of the 9931 women without LC-BBD, 291 developed breast cancer. The RR of breast cancer for women with LC-BBD relative to women without LC-BBD was 1.60 (95% CI = 1.17 to 2.19). Among women 50 years of age and older, the RR of breast cancer for those with LC-BBD was 1.95 (95% CI = 1.29 to 2.93). After adjustment for treatment and breast cancer risk, the RR of breast cancer for women with LC-BBD was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.94).Women with LC-BBD had a statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer. The elevation of breast cancer risk was especially evident in women 50 years of age and older. Furthermore, this risk was independent of that associated with key epidemiologic breast cancer risk factors.
Doctors should be tried by a UK criminal court, not by the GMC
Authors: C. C. Lees
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The General Medical Council’s belated realisation that its processes may be too “blunt” is little comfort to those whose lives it has unjustly wrecked.1

Since being the subject of a complaint 15 years ago—of which no charges were proved—I have mentored and provided testimonials for around a dozen doctors referred for health and fitness to practise proceedings. Several …
Double-balloon enteroscopy: beyond feasibility, what do we do now?
Authors: K. Mönkemüller, L. Fry, P. Malfertheiner
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The small intestine has always been regarded as the most difficult area of the hollow gastrointestinal tract to evaluate, either radiologically or endoscopically. Capsule endoscopy provided a major breakthrough in the evaluation of the small bowel and has since established itself as the standard method for evaluating occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn’s disease [1] [2] [3] [4]. However, this technique has several limitations, including its lack of facilities for obtaining tissue for diagnosis or for providing endoscopic interventions (such as polyp removal, dilation of strictures, or cauterization of angiodysplasia), and its inability to evaluate a lesion in a to-and-fro manner. The advent of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has greatly increased our capability in the investigation and treatment of diseases of the small bowel [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. DBE was described by Yamamoto et al. in 2001 [5]. Although the initial experience in Japan was encouraging, it was not until May and colleagues in Germany further demonstrated the value and capabilities of this breakthrough endosopic method that its use became more acceptable and widespread [6]. The use of DBE in the pig and the Erlangen training model increased our understanding of the mechanics and intrumentalization of DBE [7]. Since then there have been several prospective and retrospective single- and multicenter studies demonstrating the clinical utility of DBE for the diagnosis and therapy of small-bowel disorders [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]. Nevertheless, there have been few studies investigating the clinical implications and therapeutic outcomes of DBE [9] [10].
<i>Periplaneta americana</i> Arginine Kinase as a Major Cockroach Allergen among Thai Patients with Major Cockroach Allergies
Authors: Nitat Sookrung, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Pakit Vichyanond, Chaweewan Bunnag, Pongrama Ramasoota, Pongsri Tongtawe, Yuwaporn Sakolvaree, Pramuan Tapchaisri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Periplaneta americana is the predominant cockroach (CR) species and a major source of indoor allergens in Thailand. Nevertheless, data on the nature and molecular characteristics of its allergenic components are rare. We conducted this study to identify and characterize the P. americana allergenic protein. A random heptapeptide phage display library and monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific to a the P. americana component previously shown to be an allergenic molecule were used to identify the MAb-bound mimotope and its phylogenic distribution. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, peptide mass fingerprinting, and BLAST search were used to identify the P. americana protein containing the MAb-specific epitope. We studied the allergenicity of the native protein using sera of CR-allergic Thai patients in immunoassays. The mimotope peptide that bound to the MAb specific to P. americana was LTPCRNK. The peptide has an 83-100% identity with proteins of Anopheles gambiae, notch homolog scalloped wings of Lucilia cuprina, delta protein of Apis mellifera; neu5Ac synthase and tyrosine phosphatase of Drosophila melanogaster, and a putative protein of Drosophila pseudoobscura. This finding implies that the mimotope-containing molecule of P. americana is a pan-insect protein. The MAb-bound protein of P. americana was shown to be arginine kinase that reacted to IgE in the sera of all of the CR-allergic Thai patients by immunoblotting, implying its high allergenicity. In conclusion, our results revealed that P. americana arginine kinase is a pan-insect protein and a major CR allergen for CR-allergic Thai patients.
Enzymes in Intestinal Strangulation-Obstruction
Authors: John A. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Largely due to delay in diagnosis, the mortality in strangulation-obstruction of the intestine remains unduly high. A serum enzyme determination that would aid in the early diagnosis of intestinal strangulation would be most helpful. It has been suggested that the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase might be useful in this regard.<sup>1</sup>This study was designed to investigate the levels of these two enzymes and leucine aminopeptidase in serum, peritoneal fluid, and intestinal fluid during the first 14 hours following strangulation of a loop of ileum in dogs. <h3>Methods:—</h3> With previously described methods,<sup>2-4</sup>control levels of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and leucine aminopeptidase were established in serum, peritoneal fluid, and intestinal fluid of 12 dogs. By means of an extraperitoneal snare technique,<sup>5</sup>a strangulation-obstruction (arterial and venous) of a 15-cm loop of distal ileum was produced. Serum enzyme levels were
Abstract 1196: Identification of lung cancer associated oncoantigens as targets for active immunotherapy
Authors: Federica Riccardo, Elena Quaglino, Maddalena Arigoni, Elisabetta Ercole, Mannuela Iezzi, Dario L. Longo, Guido Forni, Federica Cavallo, Raffaele A. Calogero
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is essential for improving the prognosis and treatment of patients. An interesting experimental model to study human lung adenocarcinoma is represented by p53R172HΔg/K-rasG12D mice. They develop aggressive NSCLC that metastasize to multiple sites and display a stepwise, directly age-related progression, mimicking several features observed in lung cancer patients. Lung cancer progression in p53R172HΔg/K-rasG12D mice was characterized by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. p53R172HΔg/K-rasG12D mice develop lung adenocarcinomas already evident in 10 week-old mice, with a variable degree of differentiation. A significant gender difference in tumor progression was observed, with females developing more tumors than males. Moreover, by using qRT-PCR, some of the antigens deregulated in human lung cancer turned out to be up-regulated also during cancer progression in our mouse model, suggesting that p53R172HΔg/K-rasG12D mice recapitulate the metastatic nature of human NSCLC. Identification of oncoantigens expressed during tumor development could provide an unprecedented opportunity to address the immune system against these molecules. RNA was extracted from lungs of 10, 20 and 30 week-old wild type (wt) and p53R172HΔg/K-rasG12D mice. Transcription profiling was done using Mouse Exon 1.0 ST arrays: we detected 282 genes significantly differentially expressed during different stages of cancer progression. Interestingly, some of the genes that were already deregulated in the early phases of the tumor development remained deregulated also in advanced stages, suggesting their possible application as early biomarkers or as vaccination targets. These genes were ranked to full-fill the minimal requirement for an oncoantigen; within the plasma membrane proteins we identified potential candidates: CXCR1, SLC16A6, SLC26A9 and ROS1. On the basis of the literature data and mouse data we consider ROS1 an interesting putative oncoantigen to be further investigated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1196. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1196
Hepatorenal reflex plays an important role in natriuresis after high-NaCl food intake in conscious dogs.
Authors: H Morita, T Matsuda, F Furuya, M R Khanchowdhury, H Hosomi
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Responses of renal nerve activity and urinary Na+ and Cl- excretion were examined in chronically instrumented conscious dogs through feedings of boiled rice with or without NaCl. The boiled rice (20 g/kg body wt) without NaCl did not influence plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations, renal nerve activity, or urinary Na+ excretion but decreased urinary Cl- excretion. On the other hand, boiled rice containing NaCl (0.4 g/kg body wt) increased plasma Na+ (+3.8 +/- 0.7 meq/l) and Cl- (+3.0 +/- 1.5 meq/l) concentrations, then decreased renal nerve activity by 61 +/- 4%, and increased urinary Na+ and Cl- excretions. In dogs with hepatic denervation, a decrease in renal nerve activity, which was observed in intact dogs in response to the high-NaCl food intake, was completely abolished along with significant attenuation of postprandial natriuresis. That is, only 9 +/- 5% of the loaded Na+ and 7 +/- 3% of the loaded Cl- were excreted during 4 consecutive hours in hepatic-denervated dogs, whereas 36 +/- 5% of the loaded Na+ and 36 +/- 4% of the loaded Cl- were excreted in intact dogs. In dogs with renal denervation, postprandial natriuresis was also attenuated. These results indicate that the high-NaCl food intake elicits a decrease in renal nerve activity, the decrease is predominantly mediated by the hepatic nerves, and the decrease in renal nerve activity plays an important role in augmentation of urinary Na+ and Cl- excretion. Thus, the hepatorenal reflex may play an important role in controlling extracellular fluid homeostasis during food intake.
Medical Council of India is corrupt, says health minister
Authors: Priyanka Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s health minister, Harsh Vardhan, has described the Indian drug regulator, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), as a “snake pit of vested interests,” and he labelled the Medical Council of India (MCI) a corrupt organisation. 

He was responding to questions from the Indian Express after The BMJ published an article by David Berger, a general medicine practitioner who had worked in northern India. In the article Berger chronicled his experiences of working in a corrupt system and said that such corruption was eroding the trust between doctors and patients.1

Berger highlighted the practice of referral payments, in which diagnostic centres pay doctors a commission for each patient referred …
Bladder stimulation for neurogenic bladder
Authors: M. S Knapp
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An important alternative to intermittent bladder catheterisation for neurogenic bladder dysfunction is bladder stimulation.1

Suprapubic bladder stimulation was evaluated at Queen’s Square Hospital, London, in a prospective, but non-randomised, study in 36 patients.2 The device improved the symptoms in 25 …
920. Muscle Stem Cells Provide Superior Infarct Repair When Compared with Myoblasts
Authors: Hideki Oshima, Thomas R. Payne, Kenneth L. Urish, Tetsuro Sakai, Yiqun Ling, Burhan Gharaibeh, Kimimasa Tobita, Bradley B. Keller, James H. Cummins, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Background: Myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair has generated beneficial results both in animals and humans; however, poor viability and poor engraftment of myoblasts after implantation in vivo limit their regeneration capacity. We and others have identified and isolated a population of skeletal muscle|[ndash]|derived stem cells (MDSCs) that regenerate skeletal muscle more effectively than myoblasts (also referred to as satellite cells). On the basis of these findings in skeletal muscle, we set out to determine if these two myogenic cell subpopulations, MDSCs and satellite cells, would exhibit differential abilities for cardiac repair in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction.

Methodology and Results: As assessed by echocardiography, progressive LV cavity enlargement occurred in the hearts injected with PBS (control group), and modest enlargement occurred in the satellite cell group over time. In contrast, no progressive dilatation of the LV occurred in the MDSC group; the dimensions of the LV cavity remained constant according to observations 2, 6, and 12 weeks after injury (MDSC vs. PBS, P<0.05; MDSC vs. satellite cell, P<0.05). We also assessed systolic function in terms of fractional area change (FAC) by echocardiography. Both cell treatment groups showed significantly better systolic function relative to that of the PBS group at all time points (satellite cell vs. PBS, P<0.01; MDSC vs. PBS, P<0.01). Furthermore, FAC in the MDSC group was significantly preserved during the entire study period compared to FAC in the satellite cell group (P<0.01). Thus, implanted MDSCs appear to have attenuated both ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction more effectively than did satellite cells.

The histological results from the cell-injected hearts indicated that the transplanted MDSCs displayed greater and more persistent engraftment for up to 12 weeks. In contrast, the myocardium of satellite cell|[ndash]|injected hearts contained very small grafts comprised of only a few donor cells at time points subsequent to 1 week after implantation. Follow-up experiments suggest that MDSCs have a greater regenerative capacity than satellite cells, because MDSCs are more resistant to oxidative stress|[ndash]|induced apoptosis. In addition, capillary density in the MDSC group was significantly greater than in the satellite cell and PBS groups (P<0.01). Further staining revealed that the grafts in the MDSC-injected hearts expressed VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor, which may have stimulated neoangiogenesis within the infarct scar.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings indicate that MDSCs have a greater capacity for cardiac regeneration and repair when compared to satellite cells. The use of MDSCs may help to optimize clinical trials based on myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair.
A genetic linkage map of the Syrian hamster and localization of cardiomyopathy locus on chromosome 9qa2.1–b1 using RLGS spot–mapping
Authors: Yasushi Okazaki, Hisato Okuizumi, Tomoya Ohsumi, Osamu Nomura, Shuji Takada, Mamoru Kamiya, Nobuya Sasaki, Yoichi Matsuda, Masahiko Nishimura, Osamu Tagaya, Masami Muramatsu, Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Lineage-Restricted Function of Nuclear Factor κB–Inducing Kinase (Nik) in Transducing Signals via Cd40
Authors: Norman Garceau, Yoko Kosaka, Sally Masters, John Hambor, Reiko Shinkura, Tasuku Honjo, Randolph J. Noelle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

CD40 signaling in B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for the development of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-inducing kinase (NIK) has been implicated as a central transducing kinase in CD40-dependent activation. Here, we show that although NIK is essential for B cell activation, it is dispensable for activation of DCs. Such data provide compelling evidence that different intermediary kinases are used by different cellular lineages to trigger NF-kappaB activation via CD40.
ACCF/ACR/AIUM/ASE/ASN/ICAVL/SCAI/SCCT/SIR/SVM/SVS 2012 Appropriate Use Criteria for Peripheral Vascular Ultrasound and Physiological Testing Part I: Arterial Ultrasound and Physiological Testing
Authors: Emile R. Mohler, Heather L. Gornik, Marie Gerhard-Herman, Sanjay Misra, Jeffrey W. Olin, R. Eugene Zierler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effect of Verapamil in Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Jens Peder Bagger, Per Helligsoe, Flemming Randsbaek, Hans Henrik Kimose, Bent Skov Jensen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The calcium antagonist verapamil is a vasodilator drug that has been shown to increase oxygen extraction of ischemic tissues in coronary and peripheral vascular disease. Methods and Results Since the balance between the positive and the negative effects of vasodilation may be delicate in ischemic diseases a dose-response study (dose range, 120 to 480 mg) was established to determine optimal, individual dosages of slow-release verapamil in 44 patients with stable intermittent claudication (Fontaine classification stage II) with respect to walking capacity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (4 weeks) was performed to assess clinical and hemodynamic effects of verapamil. The optimal daily dose of verapamil on maximal walking ability was 120 (8 patients), 240 (8 patients), 360 (14 patients), and 480 mg (14 patients). Walking distances were measured at a metronome-controlled speed of 60 steps per minute on level surface. Optimal individual doses of verapamil increased mean pain-free walking distance by 29% from 44.9 to 57.8 meters ( P &lt;.01) and maximal walking distance by 49% from 100.7 to 149.8 meters ( P &lt;.001) compared with placebo. The increase in maximal walking distance correlated positively only with initial systolic ankle pressure ( r =.49, P &lt;.001) and ankle/brachial pressure index ( r =.37, P &lt;.013). Verapamil had no effect on systolic ankle pressure, ankle/brachial pressure index, peripheral leg temperature, or blood pressure, which suggests that the drug may have extrahemodynamic effects, possibly brought about through improved oxygen metabolism. Conclusions Verapamil showed significant clinical benefits in patients with moderate intermittent claudication in this short-term study. Individual optimization of drug dosage should be considered an option both in trials and in the clinical setting in these patients.
GMC is reviewing complaint that top NHS boss put patient safety at risk
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The General Medical Council is reviewing its 2013 decision to dismiss a complaint against Barbara Hakin, NHS national director for commissioning operations, at the investigation stage.

Hakin faced allegations that in her previous job as chief executive of East Midlands Strategic Health Authority she bullied whistleblower Gary Walker, then chief executive of United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, and put patient safety at risk in a drive to meet government targets on waiting times.

But after a year long investigation the GMC case examiners threw the case out in November 2013, concluding that there was no reasonable prospect of …