tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of platelets by collagen
Authors: G. D. Wilner, H. L. Nossel, E. C. LeRoy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

In studying some of the properties of collagen responsible for the ability to aggregate platelets it was found that thermal treatment at pH 2.5 of acid-soluble human collagen resulted in a sharp reduction in relative viscosity and platelet aggregating activity at about 35 degrees C. The reduction in viscosity is known to be associated with structural transition from triple helical to random coil form and it is postulated that the native structure of collagen is essential for its platelet aggregation effect. Blockage of the free amino groups by deamination, N-acetylation, or treatment with dinitrofluorobenzene resulted in over 90% reduction in platelet aggregating activity. Addition of cationic proteins to collagen, removal of the negatively charged telopeptides by treatment with pepsin, or acetylation of the free carboxyl groups did not significantly affect the platelet aggregating activity of collagen. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the free amino groups and specifically the epsilon amino groups of lysine are critical for the platelet aggregating activity of collagen whereas the carboxyl groups are of relatively little importance.
Self-prescribing: III-Advised?
Authors: Sharon Tiefenbrunn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —My interpretion of the article by Hughes et al<sup>1</sup>is that the 10% to 15% of physicians who self-prescribe enjoy a better quality of life due to the availability of appropriate medication than do their nonphysician counterparts. The suggestion by Dr Vaillant in his Editorial<sup>2</sup>that tranquilizers and pain medications need to be accompanied by or substituted with "tincture of physician" is absurd. Rather, his Editorial indicates why those who have to get a prescription for sleeping pills from a physician tough out the occasional sleepless night, rather than seeking a consultation only to be harassed or patronized. Kind words and comforting touches from a physician are certainly very powerful healers. A conversation with a knowledgable, caring person may be needed by a patient as an entity in itself. Unfortunately, patients are not encouraged by their physicians to seek this, and physicians themselves feel uncomfortable
Bone Imaging Appearance of Pelligrini Stieda Syndrome
Authors: JONATHAN MISHKIN, P TODD MAKLER, MICHAEL G. VELCHIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

In a bone scan performed on a patient with Pelligrini Stieda syndrome of the left knee, abnormal tracer uptake was noted. Pelligrini Stieda should be added to the list of benign abnormalities on bone images.
Randomization is not the (Only) Answer: A Plea for Structured Objective Evaluation of Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: P. B. Cotton
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Endoscopic therapy clearly has a primary role in many clinical conditions (such as dysphagia, obstructive jaundice, bleeding, and colonic polyps). There is much less certainty about the role of endoscopy in many other clinical contexts (e.g. management of chronic pancreatitis). Randomization is the gold standard for evaluation of competing therapies. Unfortunately, there are many difficulties in mounting meaningful randomized controlled trials of endoscopic methods. Many have been done, but few have provided us with real practical answers. This article argues that the evidence we need to advise patients is often better obtained through very stringent observational studies, provided that all necessary data elements are defined and documented and independent objective arbiters (referees) are fully involved in the process.
Polyglutamation of methotrexate. Is methotrexate a prodrug?
Authors: B A Chabner, C J Allegra, G A Curt, N J Clendeninn, J Baram, S Koizumi, J C Drake, J Jolivet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

La polyglutamation est assuree par la folyl polyglutamyl synthetase. Leur etude decrit l'importance pharmacologique de la polyglutamation du methotrexate
Death rates from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality.
Authors: D J Barker, C Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Geographical differences in maternal mortality in England and Wales during 1911-4 correlate closely with death rates from stroke in the generation born around that time. The geographical distribution of stroke is more closely related to past maternal mortality than to any leading cause of death, past or present, except ischaemic heart disease, for which correlation coefficients with stroke are similar. This relation is new evidence that poor health and physique of mothers are important determinants of the risk of stroke among their offspring.
Balancing the Upside and Downside of Antiretroviral Therapy in Children
Authors: Ram Yogev
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Myopathy With Mitochondrial Enzyme Hyperactivity
Authors: Ralph F. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Applicationochemical techniques to the t study of skeletal muscle biopsies has led to the description of two new clinical pathological entities.<sup>1,2</sup>The value of these techniques in the study of neuromuscular disease has been detailed and emphasized by Engel.<sup>3</sup>A third myopathy with histochemically and ultrastructurally abnormal mitochondria has been described.<sup>4,5</sup>Recently we have obtained muscle biopsies from two patients whose clinical course was characterized by the onset during the first decade of life of progressive muscle fatigability, weakness, and slight atrophy, which was more prominent in the proximal muscles. Only focal fiber generation and occasional subsarcolemmous vacuoles were seen on routine histological sections, but application of histochemical techniques clearly defined abnormal mitochondria. These mitochondria were very active enzymatically and were present in 30% to 40% of the skeletal muscle fibers from both of these patients. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 9-year-old white girl was
WANDERING OR ABERRANT UTERINE FIBROMYOMATA.
Authors: VAN BUREN KNOTT
Journal: JAMA (1905)

This paper will be limited to a consideration of that rare form of tumor known as wandering, aberrant or sequestrated fibromyoma of the uterus.An attempt to review the literature on the subject has proved distinctly disappointing, as, although the files in the Surgeon-General's Library at Washington and the Newberry Library in Chicago have been thor- oughly searched, but few cases have been found, and these are reported in an incomplete and unsatisfactory manner.
Editorial
Authors: IRA GORE, FREDRICK J. STARE
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Atherosclerosis and ThrombosisMORE THAN A CENTURY has elapsed since the thrombogenie origin of athero- sclerosis was first pioposed.In the Manual of Pathological Anatomy (1841-1846), Rokitan- sky' stated that atherosclerosis consists of an " excessive formation and deposition of the lining membrane of the artery derived from the mass of the blood, and at the same time constitutes hypertrophy of this membrane.""The deposit is an endogenous product de- rived from the blood and for the most part from the fibrin of the arterial blood " and " increases in thickness by addition of new strata." He also recognized vascularization, atheromatous softening, hemorrhage, and calcification and regarded thein as secondary processes.
Obstacles in organisation of service delivery reduce potential of epidural analgesia
Authors: H. T. O. Davies, G. McLeod, J. Bannister, W. A. Macrae
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The editorial by Buggy and Smith paints an overoptimistic view of the benefits of epidural analgesia.1 We agree that there is strong evidence that reducing the afferent barrage attenuates the physiological response to surgery, with great benefit to the patient. But the authors gloss over the practical challenge of attaining consistently effective epidural analgesia in the postoperative phase.

An audit of postoperative …
Diabetes in the tropics.
Authors: S. R. Dodu
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Diabetes is no longer a rare disease syndrome in the tropics, and in many parts it is being diagnosed with increasing fre quency. Improved medical supervision, a greater awareness of the disease among the general population, and the improved life expectancy account for the increasing number of patients with recognized diabetes. These changes have occurred to a greater extent and at a faster rate in the towns and cities, and consequently the upward trend in the incidence of diabetes is more striking in hospital practice in the urban areas than in the rural districts. Other factors, such as change in dietary habits, may also play a part, but it is more difficult to establish the role of these as a cause of the increased incidence.
Mechanisms of Lysosomal Enzyme Release from Human Leukocytes II. EFFECTS OF cAMP AND cGMP, AUTONOMIC AGONISTS, AND AGENTS WHICH AFFECT MICROTUBULE FUNCTION
Authors: Robert B. Zurier, Gerald Weissmann, Sylvia Hoffstein, Sandra Kammerman, Hsin Hsiung Tai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Selective release of inflammatory materials from leukocyte lysosomes is reduced by compounds which increase cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in suspensions of human leukocytes and is augmented by agents which increase cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in these cell suspensions. Lysosomal enzymes are released in the absence of phagocytosis when cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) converts polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to secretory cells: lysosomes merge directly with the plasma membrane upon encounter of PMN with zymosan, and cells selectively extrude substantial proportions of lysosomal, but not cytoplasmic enzymes. beta-Adrenergic stimulation of human leukocytes produced a dose-related reduction in beta-glucuronidase release (blocked by 10(-6) M propranolol) whereas alpha-adrenergic stimulation (phenylephrine plus propranolol) was ineffective. In contrast, the cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine chloride enhanced enzyme secretion, an effect blocked by 10(-6) M atropine. Incubation of cells with exogenous cAMP or with agents that increase endogenous cAMP levels (prostaglandin E1, histamine, isoproterenol, and cholera enterotoxin) reduced extrusion of lysosomal enzymes; in contrast, exogenous cGMP and carbamylcholine chloride (which increases endogenous cGMP levels), increased beta-glucuronidase release. Whereas colchicine (5 x 10(-4) M), a drug which impairs microtubule integrity, reduced selective enzyme release, deuterium oxide, which favors microtubule assembly, enhanced selective release of lyosomal enzymes. The data suggest that granule movement and acid hydrolase release from leukocyte lysosomes requires intact microtubules and may be modulated by adrenergic and cholinergic agents which appear to provoke changes in concentrations of cyclic nucleotides.
Book Review The Quest for Drug Control: Politics and Federal Policy in a Period of Increasing Substance Abuse, 1963–1981 By David F. Musto and Pamela Korsmeyer. 312 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 2002. $40. 0-300-09036-6
Authors: William B. McAllister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Cutaneous factors related to the risk of malignant melanoma
Authors: VALERIE BERAL, SUSAN EVANS, HELEN SHAW, G. MILTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

In a case-control study, 287 women with malignant melanoma were compared with 574 age-matched controls. Red hair colour at age 5 years was associated with a tripling of risk [relative risk (RR) = 3.0], blonde hair with a 60% increase (RR=1.6) and fair skin with a doubling (RR = 2.1). Women with melanoma also reported that they tended to burn (RR = 1.4) and to freckle (RR =1.9) after exposure to sunlight. Since fair skin, red hair, and the tendency to burn or freckle after exposure to sunlight all cluster in the same individuals, the extent to which each of these factors had an independent influence on susceptibility to melanoma was investigated. Hair colour, especially red hair, proved to be the major determinant, followed by skin colour. The reporting of above average numbers of naevi on the body was as strong a predictor of melanoma as was red hair colour (RR = 3.4). A history of psoriasis was also more common in cases than controls (RR = 3.0) as was a history of vitiligo (RR= 1.8). A history of acne appeared to be protective (RR = 0.4) as did a history suggestive of chloasma (RR = 0.6) and premature greying of the hair (RR = 0.6). These relationships were irrespective of hair and skin colour.
Infant lung function and wheeze in later childhood in the Southampton Women's Survey
Authors: Anne C. van der Gugten, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We are grateful to VAN DER GUGTEN et al. [1] for the opportunity to compare our findings with those from a larger cohort.While previous studies have demonstrated reduced lung function soon after birth in individuals who wheeze in infancy [7,8], the relationship between infant lung function and wheezing disorders beyond infancy is less clear [5,6].The findings of VAN DER GUGTEN et al. [1] in conjunction with those from the Southampton Women's Survey provide evidence that structural airway impairments in infancy may differentially predict asthma and wheeze in childhood.
Diagnosis-Related Groups for Physician Reimbursement?
Authors: Mark J. Segal
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) are being considered by policymakers as a basis of physician reimbursement for care provided to Medicare inpatients. Under such a system, all physicians' care associated with a hospital admission, classified into one of over 400 DRGs, would be paid for by Medicare in one lump sum. The attractiveness of aggregating the unit of payment, from the individual service to a "package" of services, here the hospital case, lies in the anticipation of new incentives for greater physician cost consciousness. The report by Lowenstein and colleagues<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe JOURNALis one product of an intensive effort, launched by the Department of Health and Human Services and its Health Care Financing Administration, to fulfill a congressional mandate to explore the "advisability and feasibility" of extending Medicare DRG payment, already in place for hospitals, to physicians. The conclusions from this research are to be presented in
The Influence of Vasoactive Agents on Metabolic Activity of the Liver in Cirrhosis: A Study of the Effects of Posterior Pituitary Extract, Vasopressin, and Somatostatin
Authors: Jean-Claude Barbare, Raoul Poupon, Patrice Jaillon, Philippe Bories, Michele Aussanaire, François Darnis, Henri Michel, Georges Cheymol
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

We studied the influence of posterior pituitary extract, vasopressin, and somatostatin on hepatic elimination function. Hepatic clearance and its two biological determinants, hepatic blood flow and metabolic activity (clearance V max /K m ), were determined from hepatic indocyanine green elimination at steady-state in cirrhotic patients. Intravenous infusion of posterior pituitary extract (oxytocin, 59%; vasopressin, 41%) at the constant rate of 0.3 unit per kg per hr decreased hepatic clearance (p &lt; 0.05) and V max /K m (p &lt; 0.05) but did not change hepatic blood flow. Intravenous infusion of vasopressin (0.3 unit per kg per hr) decreased hepatic clearance (p &lt; 0.05), V max /K m (p &lt; 0.05) and hepatic blood flow (p &lt; 0.05). Intravenous infusion of somatostatin (250 μg per hr following a bolus i.v. injection of 250 μg) decreased hepatic clearance (p &lt; 0.05), V max /K m (p &lt; 0.05), and hepatic blood flow (p &lt; 0.05). This study shows that the vasoactive agents used in the management of upper digestive bleeding in cirrhotic patients may have deleterious effects on the metabolic activity of the liver in addition to their effects on hemodynamics. The results suggest that the vasoactive substances either increased the fraction of total hepatic blood which bypassed intact hepatocytes or directly impaired metabolic activity of hepatocytes. Reduction in the metabolic activity of the liver produced by vasoactive agents may have important implications in therapy of portal hypertension.
Dsh Homolog DVL3 Mediates Resistance to IGFIR Inhibition by Regulating IGF-RAS Signaling
Authors: Shan Gao, Ilirjana Bajrami, Clare Verrill, Asha Kigozi, Djamila Ouaret, Tamara Aleksic, Ruth Asher, Cheng Han, Paul Allen, Deborah Bailey, Stephan Feller, Takeshi Kashima, Nicholas Athanasou, Jean-Yves Blay, Sandra Schmitz, Jean-Pascal Machiels, Nav Upile, Terry M. Jones, George Thalmann, Shazad Q. Ashraf, Jennifer L. Wilding, Walter F. Bodmer, Mark R. Middleton, Alan Ashworth, Christopher J. Lord, Valentine M. Macaulay
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Drugs that inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) receptor IGFIR were encouraging in early trials, but predictive biomarkers were lacking and the drugs provided insufficient benefit in unselected patients. In this study, we used genetic screening and downstream validation to identify the WNT pathway element DVL3 as a mediator of resistance to IGFIR inhibition. Sensitivity to IGFIR inhibition was enhanced specifically in vitro and in vivo by genetic or pharmacologic blockade of DVL3. In breast and prostate cancer cells, sensitization tracked with enhanced MEK-ERK activation and relied upon MEK activity and DVL3 expression. Mechanistic investigations showed that DVL3 is present in an adaptor complex that links IGFIR to RAS, which includes Shc, growth factor receptor-bound-2 (Grb2), son-of-sevenless (SOS), and the tumor suppressor DAB2. Dual DVL and DAB2 blockade synergized in activating ERKs and sensitizing cells to IGFIR inhibition, suggesting a nonredundant role for DVL3 in the Shc-Grb2-SOS complex. Clinically, tumors that responded to IGFIR inhibition contained relatively lower levels of DVL3 protein than resistant tumors, and DVL3 levels in tumors correlated inversely with progression-free survival in patients treated with IGFIR antibodies. Because IGFIR does not contain activating mutations analogous to EGFR variants associated with response to EGFR inhibitors, we suggest that IGF signaling achieves an equivalent integration at the postreceptor level through adaptor protein complexes, influencing cellular dependence on the IGF axis and identifying a patient population with potential to benefit from IGFIR inhibition.
Blood transfusions caused nearly 9000 cases of HIV in India in past five years
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The current climate change is mainly driven by excessive anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. As industrial bioprocesses depend mostly on food competing organic feedstocks or fossil raw materials, we regard CO<sub>2</sub> co-assimilation or the use of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived methanol or formate as carbon source as pathbreaking contribution to the solution of this global problem. The number of industrially relevant microorganisms that can use these two carbon sources is limited, and even less can concurrently co-assimilate CO<sub>2</sub>. Hence, we searched for alternative native methanol and native formate assimilation pathways which co-assimilate CO<sub>2</sub> in the industrially relevant methylotrophic yeast <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> (<i>Pichia pastoris</i>). Using <sup>13</sup>C-tracer-based metabolomics techniques and metabolic engineering approaches we discovered and confirmed a natively active pathway that can perform all three assimilations: the oxygen tolerant reductive glycine pathway. This finding paves the way towards metabolic engineering of formate and CO<sub>2</sub> utilisation for the production of proteins, biomass or chemicals in yeast.
Site and blood supply of the intertruncal glomera
Authors: C. Edwards, D. Heath
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Site and blood supply of the intertruncal glomera Get access Christopher Edwards, Christopher Edwards From the Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald Heath Donald Heath From the Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, October 1970, Pages 502–508, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.4.502 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Accepted: 27 February 1970 Published: 01 October 1970
Ovariotomy in General Hospitals
Authors: J. E. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1882)

the departure of the latter from the island, became shorn of its beams, and Hygeia was overshadowed by a cloud.Before the end of the year "'fever of a severe bilious remittent type became prevalent," ansi three cases proved fatal.In 1874, there were 221 cases admitted under the head of fevers, and " most of these cases were complicated with enteric symptoms, in many cases severe."Now, whyvas thle 29th regiment so exceptionally fortunate I think that anyone who has studied the medical history of European regiments in the WNest Indies, will admit that this question deserves to be italicised.For a more or less complete answer to it I must refer to papers of mine in the Lancet for i88o, volume r, page 56o and 599.Here, I will notice only one point.Whilst other regiments had been sent to the West Indies from more or less debilitating climates, such as Gibraltar, Malta, or Bermuda, the 29th was sent from a very healthy and invigo.rating command, from Canada, %where, for nearly two years and a half, 't had been laying in a stock of disease-repelling vigour.Two years in
e antigen in acute hepatitis B.
Authors: G Norkrans, L Magnius, S Iwarson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

To examine the association between e antigen and hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBs Ag) we studied 90 inpatients with acute viral hepatitis type B. e Antigen was present in 24 of the patients; these patients had detectable levels of HBs Ag for significantly longer than the 66 with no e antigen in their serum. The HBs Ag subtypes D (adw) and Y (ayw) were similarly distributed among patients with e antigen and among those without, and no differences in the results of biochemical liver function tests were observed between the two groups during the acute phase of illness. Three of the five patients who developed clinical and histological signs of chronic liver disease were positive for e antigen, a finding which supports the hypothesis that e antigen has a prognostic value in hepatitis B.