tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Lecture on Colotomy: Delivered at University College Hospital
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1892)

GENTLEMEN,-YOU saw me the other day perform colotomy, or at least the first part of inguinal colotomy, on two patients the same afternoon.The first case was one of cancer of the rectum in a woman, who has done perfectly well, and who has now left the hospital ; the second was a very remark-
"TANDEM" TEACHING TO NONPSYCHIATRIST PHYSICIANS
Authors: JAMES B. NICHOLAS, WILLIAM RANSOHOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

The "tandem" pair in our teaching of physicians in other specialties consists of a psychiatrist and a physician in the same specialty as the trainees. Both members of the tandem pair attend each session and are simultaneously responsible for the operation of the teaching vehicle, whether it is a conference, ward rounds or a lecture-demonstration. Some factors interfering with cooperative leadership, and ways of dealing with these factors, are discussed. The goals of our program are outlined. We believe this method has particular value for training nonpsychiatrist physicians because it furnishes the trainee with a useful model in his own specialty with whom he can identify. The paper closes with a brief comment about the research value of such a teaching method.
HEREDITARY ACHONDROPLASIA IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

Hereditary achondroplasia (chondrodystrophia foetalis) in the rabbit has been described in the present and preceding papers (1, 2). It is the first instance of this abnormality in rodents to be reported. The variation arose in pure bred Havana stock. The abnormality is determined by the expression of a simple recessive unit factor, affected individuals being homozygous for the factor. Females are somewhat more frequently affected than males, but the character is not sex-linked. Rabbits heterozygous for the factor as determined by appropriate breeding tests have a perfectly normal appearance at birth and in later life. The condition appears to be determined solely by the genetic constitution of the animal. Attention was drawn to the fact that although the development of the achondroplastic form proceeds to birth at term, death regularly occurs at the time of or very shortly after parturition. This feature of the condition is briefly discussed.
Clinical Features and Prognosis in Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta
Authors: JOSEPH LINDSAY, J. WILLIS HURST
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The records of 62 patients on whom the diagnosis of aortic dissection was proved are reviewed with particular attention to the clinical features and prognosis in each case. This was the consecutive experience of a large general hospital over approximately 17 years. The initial and long-term survival was far better in patients in whom the ascending aorta was spared by the disease process. No patients in whom such involvement was present were known to survive more than 3 weeks. Eight of 19 patients whose disease began distal to the arch of the aorta are known to have survived 6 to 69 months even though six of these eight were not operated on. Striking differences in the clinical findings of the two groups were also found. Aortic regurgitation, impairment of a radial or carotid pulse, neurological signs, and hypotension were rare in the group whose dissection began beyond the left subclavian artery. Marked systemic hypertension was frequently observed in this group, over a third having a diastolic pressure over 140 mm Hg and nearly two thirds over 120 mm Hg. Such hypertension was unusual when the ascending aorta was the origin of the disease. Despite the present study the available data do not allow any definite conclusions about the efficacy of any form of therapy of this disorder.
Hazard identification and predictability of children's health risk from animal data.
Authors: LaRonda L Morford, Judith W Henck, William J Breslin, John M DeSesso
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Children differ from adults both physiologically and behaviorally. These differences can affect how and when exposures to xenobiotics occur and the resulting responses. Testing using animal models may be used to predict whether children display novel toxicities not observed in adults or whether children are more or less sensitive to known toxicities. Historically, evaluation of developmental toxicity has focused on gestational exposures and morphological changes resulting from this exposure. Functional consequences of gestational exposure and postnatal exposure have not been as well studied. Difficulties with postnatal toxicity evaluations include divergent differentiation of structure, function and physiology across species, lack of understanding of species differences in functional ontogeny, and lack of common end points and milestones across species.
ACUTE PSOAS ABSCESS
Authors: B. R. Sworn
Journal: BMJ (1933)

The great majority of psoas abscesses are chronic in nature, and usually secondary to a tuberculous focus in the vertebral column or pelvic bones.A certain number, however, are more acute.The fact that the correct diagnosis is seldom made in these cases seems to be due mainly to the possible existence of the condition not being realized for the clinical signs are constant and character- istic.Although the older textbooks, such as Erichsen's Surgery, contain a fairly comprehensive list of the possible sites of origin of psoas abscesses other than the spine, and the signs which may be of help in their differential diagnosis, most of the modern textbooks give the impression that the condition is practically always asso- ciated with spinal disease.Some of them do not even mention any other cause, while others briefly refer to the possibility of the abscess being secondary to lesions such as suppurative appendicitis, perinephritis, or sacro-iliac disease.The references in the literature are scanty, but there are indications that this is due more to the condition being overlooked than to its rarity.
The induction of innate and adaptive immunity by biodegradable poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles via a TLR4 and MyD88 signaling pathway
Authors: Tomofumi Uto, Takami Akagi, Keisuke Yoshinaga, Masaaki Toyama, Mitsuru Akashi, Masanori Baba
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Neutrophil CD11b, L-selectin and Fc IgA receptors in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: A.D. Smith, R.D. Streilein, R.P. Hall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background The skin lesions found in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) are characterized by the presence of neutrophils at the dermal papillary tips in areas where the diagnostic cutaneous IgA deposits are found. Although the presence of the skin lesions of DH is known to be associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, the mechanisms that control the development of skin lesions are not known. Objectives To determine if circulating neutrophils from patients with DH have evidence of priming as shown by increased expression of CD11b, decreased expression of L-selectin and increased function of neutrophil Fc IgA receptor. Methods Neutrophils from 12 normal subjects and 10 DH patients with active, ongoing disease and 14 DH patients with quiescent disease activity were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter for expression of cell surface CD11b, L-selectin expression, Fc IgA expression (CD89) and for the function of the Fc IgA receptor by determining the binding capacity of neutrophils for monoclonal human IgA. Results Neutrophils from patients with active, ongoing DH had increased expression of CD11b when compared with patients with inactive DH or normal subjects [mean net geometric mean channel fluorescence (GMCF): active DH, 403·3; inactive DH, 237·8; normal subjects, 290·5; P < 0·05]. L-selectin expression in both groups of DH patients was significantly lower than that seen in normal subjects (mean net GMCF: active DH, 363·2; inactive DH, 375·2; normal subjects, 432·7; P < 0·05). No difference in CD89 expression was seen in any of the groups; however, the function of Fc IgA receptor was increased in patients with active DH when compared with patients with inactive DH and normal subjects. Conclusions Neutrophils from patients with active, ongoing DH show an increased expression of CD11b, decreased expression of L-selectin and increased ability to bind IgA, consistent with a pattern of priming of the neutrophils. This priming may occur in the gut as a result of the ongoing mucosal immune response that is present in patients with DH on a gluten-containing diet and may predispose neutrophils to localize in the skin of patients with DH.
Immunopharmacology. Immunomodulation and immunotherapy
Authors: J. W. Hadden
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY involves the study of the regulation of the immune system by pharmacological agents and the development of methods to selectively modify immune function to treat human disease. The delineation of the cellular immune system and the mechanisms of allograft reaction discovered in the early 1960s brought immunosuppression for transplantation and for selected use in autoimmune disease. In the last 15 years, the demonstration of the prevalence of cellular immune defects in cancer, aging, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases has generated interest in the development of immunotherapeutic agents. This chapter provides a brief introduction to immunosuppression and immunotoxicology with emphasis on recent developments in preclinical immunopharmacology and experimental immunotherapeutics.  IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY  A variety of immunosuppressive agents and procedures have been found to be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease1as well as organ transplantation2(Table 24-1). These agents are extensively used in cancer therapy primarily because of their
Antitumor activity of liposomal ErbB2/HER2 epitope peptide-based vaccine constructs incorporating TLR agonists and mannose receptor targeting
Authors: Jean-Sébastien Thomann, Béatrice Heurtault, Steffen Weidner, Mélanie Brayé, Julien Beyrath, Sylvie Fournel, Francis Schuber, Benoît Frisch
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
A hand flexion contracture with progression
Authors: N. M. McInerney, M. O'Shaughnessy, J. Clover
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 65 year old male retired farmer presented with an inability to fully straighten the ring finger and little finger of his right hand. This had progressed over the past two years and he had recently noticed a “rope like” swelling in his palm. He had no history of trauma and no medical history of note, except that he had smoked until 10 years earlier and had a 90 pack year history. His father had a similar deformity.

Examination showed palpable cords to his middle, ring, and little fingers. He had palpable nodules on the volar aspect of all proximal phalanges, which caused flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints. The cord and nodules in the ring finger were adherent to the overlying skin. The most severe flexion contractures were seen in the ring finger, with 25° and 36° contractures of the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints, respectively (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Contractures of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the ring finger and little finger of the right hand. The skin was affected on the volar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring finger (outlined in blue; A)





### 1. What is the most likely diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Dupuytren’s disease.

#### Long answer

The most likely diagnosis is Dupuytren’s disease.1 This is a fibroproliferative disease of the palmar fascia, which can lead to permanent flexion contractures of affected digits.

Dupuytren’s disease mainly affects older men of northern European descent. Prevalence ranges from 0.6% to 31.6% in general populations in Western countries and increases with age.2 The disease has a strong genetic component, which had been attributed to an autosomal dominant gene of …
Alexithymia and Breast Cancer
Authors: O. Todarello, M.W. La Pesa, S. Zaka, V. Martino, E. Lattanzio
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The Schalling Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS) and the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) have been used in 381 women just before mammography at the Breast Center of the Radiology Institute, University of Bari (Italy). Of the 200 women who accepted to complete the questionnaires 13 were found positive for cancer. Student's t test comparison of the mean SSPS and MHQ scores of the positive for cancer with the negative showed that women with breast cancer have more pronounced alexithymic but not neurotic traits. Our findings suggest that patients with cancer may have something in common with those suffering from so-called psychosomatic pathologies who have a constrained imagination and fantasy and difficulty in verbalizing their emotions. Thus, this study indicates a relationship between alexithymia and cancer.
Eμ-BCL10 mice exhibit constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways generating marginal zone (MZ) B-cell expansion as a precursor to splenic MZ lymphoma
Authors: Zhaoyang Li, Hongsheng Wang, Liquan Xue, Dong-Mi Shin, Derry Roopenian, Wu Xu, Chen-Feng Qi, Mark Y. Sangster, Carlos J. Orihuela, Elaine Tuomanen, Jerold E. Rehg, Xiaoli Cui, Quangeng Zhang, Herbert C. Morse, Stephan W. Morris
Journal: Blood (2009)
Accelerated Arteriosclerosis of Vein Grafts in Inducible NO Synthase <sup>−/−</sup> Mice Is Related to Decreased Endothelial Progenitor Cell Repair
Authors: Ursula Mayr, Yiping Zou, Zhongyi Zhang, Hermann Dietrich, Yanhua Hu, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is expressed by macrophages and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Previously, we have established a mouse model for vein graft arteriosclerosis by grafting autologous jugular veins or vena cava to carotid arteries. Using this model, we studied the role of iNOS in the development of vein graft arteriosclerosis in iNOS −/− mice. Four weeks after grafting, neointimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in iNOS −/− mice was increased 2-fold compared with that of wild-type controls. Neointimal lesions contained mainly MAC-1 + macrophages and α-actin + smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both vein grafts of iNOS −/− and iNOS +/+ mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that increased iNOS expression in neointimal macrophages and SMCs of wild-type, but not iNOS −/− , mice coincided with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vein grafts. When vein grafts were performed in iNOS −/− /TIE2-LacZ transgenic mice expressing LacZ gene only in endothelial cells, the number of β-galactosidase + cells in iNOS −/− vein grafts were significantly decreased. Furthermore, treatment with the NOS inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester resulted in delayed endothelial progenitor cell attachment, whereas l -arginine intake through drinking water enhanced endothelial repair. Interestingly, local application of VEGF to iNOS −/− vein grafts restored endothelial progenitor homing and reduced neointimal lesions, whereas the VEGF receptor inhibitor SU1498 increased the lesion formation. Additionally, iNOS-deficient SMCs showed a low level of VEGF production in response to interleukin 1β stimulation. Thus, iNOS deficiency accelerates neointima formation by abrogating VEGF production and endothelial progenitor cell attachment and differentiation.
Bead-Based ELISA for Validation of Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Markers
Authors: Nathalie Scholler, Meghan Crawford, Alicia Sato, Charles W. Drescher, Kathy C. O'Briant, Nancy Kiviat, Garnet L. Anderson, Nicole Urban
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Efforts to validate ovarian cancer early detection biomarkers with immunoassays are challenged by the limited specimen volumes available. We sought to develop a specimen-efficient assay to measure CA125 in serum, assess its reproducibility, validity, and performance, and test its potential for multiplexing and combining with human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), a promising novel ovarian cancer marker. Experimental Design: Four pairs of commercially available anti-CA125 antibodies and one pair of anti-HE4 antibodies were evaluated for accuracy in measuring known concentrations of antigen on a bead-based platform. The two best pairs were further assessed for reproducibility, validity, and the ability to discriminate between blinded serum samples obtained from ovarian cancer cases (n = 66) and women without ovarian cancer (n = 125). Results: Suitability for use in a bead-based assay varied across CA125 antibody pairs. Two CA125 bead-based assays were highly reproducible (overall correlations between replicates ≥ 0.95; coefficients of variation &amp;lt; 0.2) and strongly correlated with the research standard CA125II RIA (correlations ≥ 0.9). Their ability to distinguish ovarian cancer cases from non-cases based on receiver operating characteristic analyses (area under the curve, AUC, of 0.85 and 0.84) was close to that of the CA125II RIA (AUC, 0.87). The HE4 bead-based assay showed lower reproducibility but yielded an AUC of 0.89 in receiver operating characteristics analysis. Multiplexing was not possible but a composite marker including CA125 and HE4 achieved an AUC of 0.91. Conclusion: Optimization procedures yielded two bead-based assays for CA125 that perform comparably to the standard CA125II RIA, which could be combined with an HE4 bead-based assay to improve diagnostic performance, and requires only 15 μL of sample each.