tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: D. Mertz, T. H. Kim, J. Johnstone, P.-P. Lam, M. Science, S. P. Kuster, S. A. Fadel, D. Tran, E. Fernandez, N. Bhatnagar, M. Loeb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate risk factors for severe outcomes in patients with seasonal and pandemic influenza. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Study selection</b> Observational studies reporting on risk factor-outcome combinations of interest in participants with influenza. Outcomes included death, ventilator support, admission to hospital, admission to an intensive care unit, pneumonia, and composite outcomes. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to March 2011. <b>Risk of bias assessment</b> Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the risk of bias. GRADE framework to evaluate the quality of evidence. <b>Results</b> 63 537 articles were identified of which 234 with a total of 610 782 participants met the inclusion criteria. The evidence supporting risk factors for severe outcomes of influenza ranged from being limited to absent. This was particularly relevant for the relative lack of data for non-2009 H1N1 pandemics and for seasonal influenza studies. Limitations in the published literature included lack of power and lack of adjustment for confounders was widespread: adjusted risk estimates were provided for only 5% of risk factor-outcome comparisons in 39 of 260 (15%) studies. The level of evidence was low for "any risk factor" (odds ratio for mortality 2.77, 95% confidence interval 1.90 to 4.05 for pandemic influenza and 2.04, 1.74 to 2.39 for seasonal influenza), obesity (2.74, 1.56 to 4.80 and 30.1, 1.74 to 2.39), cardiovascular diseases (2.92, 1.76 to 4.86 and 1.97, 1.06 to 3.67), and neuromuscular disease (2.68, 1.91 to 3.75 and 3.21, 1.84 to 5.58). The level of evidence was very low for all other risk factors. Some well accepted risk factors such as pregnancy and belonging to an ethnic minority group could not be identified as risk factors. In contrast, women who were less than four weeks post partum had a significantly increased risk of death from pandemic influenza (4.43, 1.24 to 15.81). <b>Conclusion</b> The level of evidence to support risk factors for influenza related complications is low and some well accepted risk factors, including pregnancy and ethnicity, could not be confirmed as risks. Rigorous and adequately powered studies are needed.
Retrograde regulation of motoneuron differentiation by muscle β-catenin
Authors: Xiao Ming Li, Xian Ping Dong, Shi Wen Luo, Bin Zhang, Dae Hoon Lee, Annie K.L. Ting, Hannah Neiswender, Chang Hoon Kim, Ezekiel Carpenter-Hyland, Tian Ming Gao, Wen Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Asymmetric Left Ventricular Contraction in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: RICHARD D. GENTZLER, JAMES H. GAULT, A. STEWART HUNTER, A. JAMES LIEDTKE, DAVID M. LEAMAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The possibility was considered that the presence and magnitude of asymmetry of left ventricular (LV) contraction in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) could be determined from volume and dimensional characteristics of contraction derived independently from the frontal (AP) and lateral (LAT) views of biplane cineangiograms. Accordingly, regression analyses were determined from biplane cineangiograms in 18 patients without MI to compute end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes in the AP and LAT views (V biplane = 1.03V calc AP-7.7 ml, r = 0.989, SEE = 8.7 ml; V biplane = 0.85V calc LAT+5.9 ml, r = 0.99, SEE = 8.2 ml). Comparative measurements of EDV, stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) in these patients were identical in AP and LAT films, with a small random error (EDV AP = 136.7 ± 13.0 ml; EDV LAT = 136.7 ± 13.4 ml; SEE for SV = ± 13.0 ml ( ± 16%), SEE for EF= ± 0.03 ( ± 5%). In 20 patients with MI EDVs calculated from AP and LAT films were also identical (189.9 ± 18.1 ml and 184.2 ± 17.1 ml, respectively). However, SV exhibited substantial variation between the two views (SV AP = 76.7 ± 5.5 ml and SV LAT = 51.5 ± 4.7 ml, P &lt; 0.001), as did EF (EF AP = 0.45 ± 0.03 and EF LAT = 0.31 ± 0.03, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, directly measured extent of LV minor circumferential shortening was comparable in AP and LAT films in patients without MI (5.15 ± 0.50 cm and 5.25 ± 0.47 cm, respectively), while in patients with MI these measurements differed significantly (4.74 ± 0.41 cm and 2.73 ± 0.31 cm, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). It is concluded that a systematic error will result when estimates of SV and EF, as well as mean circumferential fiber shortening rate, are derived from single plane cineangiograms in patients with MI.
PREVALENCE AND INCREASED SEVERITY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AFTER TRANCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Fay Lin, Micheas Zemedkun, Geoffrey Bergman, James Min, Troy LaBounty, Dolores T. Reynolds, Richard Devereux, Arash Salemi, Karl Krieger, Shing-Chiu Wong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at rs1982073:T869C of the <i>TGF</i>β<i>1</i> Gene Is Associated With the Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Xianglin Yuan, Zhongxing Liao, Zhensheng Liu, Li-E Wang, Susan L. Tucker, Li Mao, Xin Shelley Wang, Mary Martel, Ritsuko Komaki, James D. Cox, Luka Milas, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose In search of reliable biologic markers to predict the risk of normal tissue damage by radio(chemo)therapy before treatment, we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transforming growth factor 1 (TGFβ1) gene and risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Using 164 available genomic DNA samples from patients with NSCLC treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy, we genotyped three SNPs of the TGFβ1 gene (rs1800469:C-509T, rs1800471:G915C, and rs1982073:T869C) by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We used Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability to assess the risk of grade ≥ 3 RP and Cox proportional hazards analyses to evaluate the effect of TGFβ1 genotypes on such risk. Results There were 90 men and 74 women in the study, with median age of 63 years. Radiation doses ranging from 60 to 70 Gy (median = 63 Gy) in 30 to 58 fractions were given to 158 patients (96.3%) and platinum-based chemotherapy to 147 (89.6%). Grade ≥ 2 and grade ≥ 3 RP were observed in 74 (45.1%) and 36 patients (22.0%), respectively. Multivariate analysis found CT/CC genotypes of TGFβ1 rs1982073:T869C to be associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of RP grades ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.489; 95% CI, 0.227 to 0.861; P = .013) and grades ≥ 3 (HR = 0.390; 95% CI, 0.197 to .774; P = 0.007), respectively, compared with the TT genotype, after adjustment for Karnofsky performance status, smoking status, pulmonary function, and dosimetric parameters. Conclusion Our results showed that CT/CC genotypes of TGFβ1 rs1982073:T869C gene were associated with lower risk of RP in patients with NSCLC treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy and thus may serve as a reliable predictor of RP.
Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii Infection with Pancytopenia and Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: WILLIAM J. LISTWAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection associated with pancytopenia was diagnosed in a 40-year-old man found to have granulomata in kidney and liver biopsy specimens. The M. kansasii was isolated from the urine and tissue obtained by renal biopsy. Serial renal biopsies and renal tissue obtained at autopsy showed severe interstitial fibrosis which was thought to represent a tissue response to the M. kansasii infection. The periportal and parenchymal fibrosis found in the liver at autopsy were consistent with a similar response in the liver.
How valid is fasting plasma glucose as a parameter of glycemic control in non-insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes?
Authors: M Bouma, J H Dekker, J J de Sonnaville, F E van der Does, H de Vries, D M Kriegsman, P J Kostense, R J Heine, J T van Eijk
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To assess the value of fasting blood glucose as a parameter for glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients not using insulin.In 1,020 type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were taken. In 617 patients, the measurement could be repeated after 3 months. Cross-sectional correlation coefficients were calculated for the association between HbA1c and FPG. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC)-curve analyses were applied to examine the performance of FPG as a diagnostic test for HbA1c. Longitudinally, the change in FPG was compared with the change in HbA1c, with both correlation measures and ROC curve analyses.Correlation coefficients between HbA1c and FPG and between FPG change and HbA1c change were 0.77 and 0.65, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that HbA1c is difficult to predict from FPG values: 66% of the patients with good HbA1c (< 7.0%) were identified as such by FPG values < 7.8 mmol/l. As a test for HbA1c change, FPG change performed moderately: the highest combined values of sensitivity and specificity (87.7 and 57%, respectively) were reached at a cutoff point of zero in the range of FPG change values.FPG and HbA1c values that do not correspond are not rare in type 2 diabetic patients on diet or OHA treatment. HbA1c is difficult to predict from FPG values, and even more difficult is the prediction of HbA1c changes from FPG changes.
SPECT in Avulsion Injury of the Multifidus and Rotator Muscles of the Lumbar Region
Authors: DOUGLAS HOWARTH, ANDREW SOUTHEE, PAUL CARDEW, DOV FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 37-year-old man was investigated for a work-related back injury with plain radiography, CT scan, bone scintigraphy, and SPECT. SPECT was able to demonstrate multiple sites of increased isotope uptake not seen on plain radiographs, CT scan, or planar images. Consequently, the diagnosis of avulsion injury of the multifidus and rotator muscles of the lumbar region was made. SPECT appears to have a role in the specific diagnosis of work-related back injuries.
Radioimmunoassay studies of human apolipoprotein E.
Authors: C B Blum, L Aron, R Sciacca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

This report describes the development and first applications of a sensitive and specific double antibody radioimmunoassay for human apoplipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE was purified from the very low density lipoproteins of hypertriglyceridemic patients by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified apoprotein had an amino acid composition characteristic of apoE and resulted in the production of monospecific antisera when injected into rabbits. The radioimmunoassay, which was carried out in the presence of 5 mM sodium decyl sulfate, had a working range of 0.8-12 ng. The withinassay coefficient of variation was 9% and the coefficient of variation for systematic between-assay variability was 3%. Prior delipidation of samples with organic solvents did not alter their immunoreactivity. In 26 normal volunteers, the mean plasma apoE concentration was 36 +/- 13 microgram/ml. Hyperlipidemic patients (n = 68) had higher mean apoE levels. A single patient with type III hyperlipoproteinemia had a plasma apoE level of 664 microgram/ml. The plasma apoE level was independently related to plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in a population of 108 normal and nonchylomicronemic hyperlipidemic patients. The multiple correlation coefficient for this relationship was 0.73. Thus, variation in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations described 53% of the variation in apoE concentrations in this population. The lipoprotein distribution of apoE was investigated by agarose column chromatography and ultracentrifugation of plasma. Agarose column chromatography demonstrated that all or nearly all plasma apoE is associated with lipoproteins. In plasma from normal volunteers and hypercholesterolemic patients, apoE was found in two discrete lipoprotein classes: very low density lipoproteins and a set of lipoprotein particles with size and density characteristics similar to HDL2. In hypertriglyceridemic patients, nearly all apoE was associated with the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
The role of sulfinpyrazone in the prevention of arterio-venous shunt thrombosis.
Authors: A Kaegi, G F Pineo, A Shimizu, H Trivedi, J Hirsh, M Gent
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The effect of sulfinpyrazone on the incidence of thrombosis of arterio-venous shunts was investigated in a double-blind crossover study in 45 patients on chronic hemodialysis over a period of 12 months. The incidence of thrombosis was reduced from 0.64 thrombi per patient month when on placebo to 0.21 thrombi per patient month when on sulfinpryazone (P less than 0.001). The therapeutic effect was more striking in men than in women and became evident within a week of starting the drug. The side effects were minimal, requiring withdrawal from the study of only one patient. This crossover study strengthens the findings in the previous report that sulfinpyrazone is of value in the prevention of thrombosis.
Short-term effects of tumor necrosis factor on energy and substrate metabolism in dogs.
Authors: Y Sakurai, X U Zhang, R R Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In vivo short-term effects of recombinant human TNF-alpha on lipolysis, FFA flux, fat oxidation, triglyceride-fatty acid cycling, and glucose kinetics were evaluated with stable isotopic tracers and indirect calorimetry along with monitoring of hemodynamic parameters in fasted dogs. High-dose TNF infusion (10 micrograms/kg) caused a fall in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.01), pulmonary arterial pressure (P < 0.001), and cardiac index (CI) (P < 0.05). The rate of appearance of glycerol (Ra glycerol) and the rate of appearance of FFA (Ra FFA) were decreased by 20% (P < 0.05) and by 42% (P < 0.01), respectively. Total fat oxidation fell by 23% (P < 0.05). In contrast, TNF infusion significantly increased glucose production by 13% (P < 0.05) and metabolic clearance rate of glucose by 25% (P < 0.01). However, TNF infusion did not change energy expenditure. Low-dose TNF infusion (3.5 micrograms/kg) caused changes similar in all respects, except magnitude, to the high-dose effects. There was a significant correlation between percent change of CI (delta CI) and percent change of rate of appearance of palmitate (Ra palmitate; delta Ra palmitate) (P < 0.0001, r = 0.69), Ra FFA (delta Ra FFA) (P < 0.0001, r = 0.60), and Ra glycerol (delta Ra glycerol) (P < 0.0329, r = 0.36). The correlation between delta CI and delta Ra palmitate was greater than the correlation between delta CI and delta Ra glycerol (P = 0.028). We conclude that the acute response to TNF causes a shift towards carbohydrate as an energy substrate in a dose-dependent manner by both decreasing the availability of FFAs and increasing glucose production.
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with diabetes mellitus: eight cases that meet Faver's criteria
Authors: None KAWAKAMI, None SAITO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with diabetes mellitus: eight cases that meet Faver's criteria Get access T. KAWAKAMI, T. KAWAKAMI Second Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, 2‐17‐6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. SAITO R. SAITO Second Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, 2‐17‐6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 3, 1 March 1999, Pages 521–524, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02722.x Published: 01 March 1999
Evolution of previous sarcoidosis under type 1 interferons given for severe associated disease
Authors: C. Charlier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder with a well-known T helper (Th) type 1 cell commitment and a key pathogenic role of interferon (IFN)-γ. However, little is known about the influence of type 1 IFNs, such as IFN-α and IFN-β, on the course of previous sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether type 1 IFNs can safely be used in patients with sarcoidosis for severe associated disease. The present study examined a series of four patients with sarcoidosis, treated by IFN-α or IFN-β for viral hepatitis (three cases) or multiple sclerosis (one case). IFN was initiated soon after apparent recovery (three cases) or during a worsening phase of sarcoidosis (one case). Hydroxychloroquine was added in the case with active disease. Patients received interferon for 6–24 months and had close monitoring during and after IFN therapy. Interestingly, no recurrence or exacerbation of sarcoidosis had occurred at 4 yrs of follow up. Two patients were cured from viral hepatitis, whilst treatment for another failed. No neurological progression was observed in the remaining patient. This series suggests that, despite the T helper type 1 phenotype of sarcoid granulomatous reaction, type 1 interferons do not exacerbate sarcoidosis in remission and this makes their use possible if indicated. However, their effect in persistent forms of the disease needs further evaluation.
An Integrated Imaging Approach to the Study of Oxidative Stress Generation by Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Living Cells
Authors: Wan-Yun Cheng, Haiyan Tong, Evan W. Miller, Christopher J. Chang, James Remington, Robert M. Zucker, Philip A. Bromberg, James M. Samet, Thomas P.J. Hofer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The mechanisms of action of many environmental agents commonly involve oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Zinc is a common environmental metallic contaminant that has been implicated in a variety of oxidant-dependent toxicological responses. Unlike ions of other transition metals such as iron, copper, and vanadium, Zn(2+) does not generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling.To characterize the role of oxidative stress in zinc-induced toxicity.We used an integrated imaging approach that employs the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-specific fluorophore Peroxy Green 1 (PG1), the mitochondrial potential sensor 5,5 ,6,6 -tetrachloro-1,1 ,3,3 -tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), and the mitochondria-targeted form of the redox-sensitive genetically encoded fluorophore MTroGFP1 in living cells.Zinc treatment in the presence of the Zn(2+) ionophore pyrithione of A431 skin carcinoma cells preloaded with the H(2)O(2)-specific indicator PG1 resulted in a significant increase in H(2)O(2) production that could be significantly inhibited with the mitochondrial inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. Mitochondria were further implicated as the source of zinc-induced H(2)O(2) formation by the observation that exposure to zinc caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Using MTroGFP1, we showed that zinc exposure of A431 cells induces a rapid loss of reducing redox potential in mitochondria. We also demonstrated that zinc exposure results in rapid swelling of mitochondria isolated from mouse hearts.Taken together, these findings show a disruption of mitochondrial integrity, H(2)O(2) formation, and a shift toward positive redox potential in cells exposed to zinc. These data demonstrate the utility of real-time, live-cell imaging to study the role of oxidative stress in toxicological responses.
THE INFLUENCE OF MUSCLE TIGHTNESS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES ON LOW BACK PAIN IN YOUNG FEMALE FIGURE SKATERS
Authors: A Abe, K Sato, S Mitsueda, M Kimura, E Hirooka, A Tsuchiya, I Kanisawa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background It has been reported that low back pain (LBP) is a major problem in figure skaters. However, the relationship between flexibility or muscle strength and LBP among figure skaters is unclear. Objective To investigate the influence of flexibility and muscle strength on the incidence of LBP in young figure skaters. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A study of an amateur figure skating team in Japan. Participants 39 female figure skaters aged 9–16 years were included in this study. They were divided into an LBP group (14 members, 11.9±1.9 years) and a control group (25 members, 11.8±1.9 years) from our injury records of the previous 25 months. Main outcome measurements Five physical examinations (Thomas test, Ober test, finger-floor distance, trunk rotation test, and abdominal muscle test) were performed on all subjects. The trunk rotation test was performed with the subjects in the prone position with shoulder abduction at 90°. Subjects attempted to rotate their toe toward their opposite middle finger. The abdominal muscle strength was scored 1–10. The positive rates of Thomas test and Ober test, finger-floor distance (cm), toe-finger distance (cm), abdominal muscle test score were compared in the 2 groups. The Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis (P&lt;.05). Results The positive rate of Ober test was significantly higher in the LBP group (78.6%) than in the control group (36.0%). There were no significant differences in other tests. Conclusions Our research showed that figure skaters who experienced LBP had tightness of anterior and lateral hip muscles such as the Tensor fasciae latae muscle. These results suggest that reduction of hip muscle tightness might be effective in preventing LBP in young figure skaters.
Hepatic extraction of renin: Quantitation and characterization in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Joan A. Keiser, Juan C. Romero, Louis J. Kost, Nicholas F. Larusso
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Since the liver is thought to be the major organ for the metabolism of renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin cascade, we examined the kinetics and regulation of renin extraction by the isolated perfused rat liver. Partially purified, hog kidney renin was continuously infused into isolated rat livers perfused in a nonrecirculating manner with serum-free medium. Concentrations of renin in the portal and hepatic veins were measured by radioimmunoassay and first-pass hepatic extraction calculated. In livers from normal rats, steady-state, first-pass hepatic extraction of porcine renin ranged from 12.3 ± 0.9 to 25.5 ± 3.9% of the infused dose; at high renin infusion rates, hepatic extraction was saturable. Administration of captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, decreased hepatic extraction of renin by approximately 60%; enalaprilat, another converting enzyme inhibitor, had no effect. First-pass hepatic extraction of renin was also inhibited by the bile acid, taurocholate, in a dose-dependent manner. However, bilateral nephrectomy, which reduced endogenous plasma renin activity to unmeasurable levels, had no significant effect on hepatic extraction of renin by livers isolated from nephrectomized rats. These results demonstrate directly that the liver extracts renin in a dose-dependent and saturable manner, although the precise mechanism of uptake remains to be determined.