tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FEW INSTANCES OF THE USE OF PROTONUCLEIN IN CONTAGIOUS AND NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Authors: WESLEY G. BAILEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

This comparatively new substance has played an important rôle in the armamentarium of the up-to-date physician for at least eighteen months or two years. These two years have conclusively proved that protonuclein has come to stay, as its action is not ephemeral; for certain diseases are not the terrors either to the minds of the laity or profession since its introduction. To be practical, it is necessary or usual to illustrate one's points by the citation of cases. We will present a few for your consideration: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Female, aged 5, presented every feature of the clinical aspects of true laryngeal diphtheria (Klebs-Loeffler), which was proven by microscopic diagnosis. This child had been ill three or four days before the physician was summoned; that foul odor so characteristic of the disease permeated the atmosphere of the whole house. Little did the writer think that this child's life could be saved,
Health-care technology assessment of surgical procedures: the case of reduction pneumoplasty for emphysema.
Authors: G L Snider
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequent in the practice of pulmonology. The recent report that reduction pneumoplasty results in lung function improvement in a high proportion of patients with emphysema has raised the question of how effectively the medical profession assesses the efficacy of new surgical procedures. Unlike drugs and devices, the introduction of new surgical procedures is not regulated. Technique changes rapidly for a period of time after new procedures are introduced. Peer review is done mainly by quality-improvement activities in the surgeon's hospital and by publication in peer-reviewed journals. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are procedurally and ethically difficult to do and few have been done for new surgical procedures. Some trials have been problematic. For example, a controlled cooperative trial of radial keratotomy resulted in unsuccessful antitrust suits brought by physicians and patients alleging that third-party payers would not reimburse them for surgery. RCTs that have been done have tended to be reported long after the procedure has been incorporated into surgical practice. A RCT of reduction pneumoplasty would be impossible at this time because of rapid flux in surgical techniques. There might also be ethical problems because of the substantial improvement in lung function of many patients in the existing case series, a level of improvement seen with no other treatment than lung transplantation. It is proposed that a prospective, cooperative, consecutive-case, observational study (registry) of reduction pneumoplasty for emphysema could greatly speed the acquisition of information about the efficacy of this new procedure.
Three-Phase Bone Imaging in Bone Marrow Edema of the Knee
Authors: ROY J. FERTAKOS, LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, WILLIAM C. COLSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Transient bone marrow edema has been thought to be related to other similar entities including transient regional osteoporosis and spontaneous osteonecrosis. Although the findings of three-phase bone imaging have been described in osteonecrosis, scant attention has been paid in the nuclear medicine literature to patients with transient bone marrow edema. The authors report the findings of three-phase bone imaging in two patients with knee pain and a transient bone marrow edema pattern as documented by MRI.
Why aren't the US Centers for Disease Control and Food and Drug Administration speaking with one voice on flu?
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Professional rugby players are prone to traumatic thoracic injuries due to the use of minimal protective gear to cover the torso. In the 2007 Rugby World Cup, thoracic injuries occurred at a rate of 8.3 cases/1000 player-hours. CT and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of these injuries. Vital internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, trachea, liver and large blood vessels lie within close proximity to the bony structures and what seems to be a simple rib fracture or clavicular dislocation can have potentially life-threatening complications that are not detected by conventional radiography. Cross-sectional imaging helps to determine the choice of treatment. Ultrasound offers a quick and dynamic imaging examination and allows high-resolution assessment of superficial tissues that complements conventional imaging. In this review article, we (1) presented data on incidence of thoracic injuries in professional rugby players; (2) described the anatomy of the joints comprising the thoracic cage and major muscles attached to the rib cage; (3) discussed indications and relevance for MRI and presented an optimised MRI protocol for assessment of suspected thoracic injury; and (4) illustrated various types of thoracic injuries seen in professional rugby players, including sternal contusion, retrosternal haematoma, manubriosternal disruption, sternoclavicular dislocation, rib fractures and injuries of the pectoralis major muscle.
Integrating Biomonitoring Exposure Data into the Risk Assessment Process: Phthalates [Diethyl Phthalate and Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate] as a Case Study
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Richard H. McKee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The probability of nonoccupational exposure to phthalates is high given their use in a vast range of consumables, including personal care products (e.g., perfumes, lotions, cosmetics), paints, industrial plastics, and certain medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Phthalates are of high interest because of their potential for human exposure and because animal toxicity studies suggest that some phthalates affect male reproductive development apparently via inhibition of androgen biosynthesis. In humans, phthalates are rapidly metabolized to their monoesters, which can be further transformed to oxidative products, conjugated, and eliminated. Phthalate metabolites have been used as biomarkers of exposure. Using urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations allows accurate assessments of human exposure because these concentrations represent an integrative measure of exposure to phthalates from multiple sources and routes. However, the health significance of this exposure is unknown. To link biomarker measurements to exposure, internal dose, or health outcome, additional information (e.g., toxicokinetics, inter- and intraindividual differences) is needed. We present a case study using diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as examples to illustrate scientific approaches and their limitations, identify data gaps, and outline research needs for using biomonitoring data in the context of human health risk assessment, with an emphasis on exposure and dose. Although the vast and growing literature on phthalates research could not be covered comprehensively in this article, we made every attempt to include the most relevant publications as of the end of 2005.
Nitric Oxide Reduces the Sequestration of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Lung by Changing Deformability and CD18 Expression
Authors: YUKIO SATO, KEITH R. WALLEY, MARIA E. KLUT, DEAN ENGLISH, YULIA D'YACHKOVA, JAMES C. HOGG, STEPHAN F. van EEDEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) influences polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)–endothelial cell interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate this effect in the lung and investigate this mechanism. PMN sequestration in the lung was evaluated in vivo after the infusion of complement fragments. Rabbits (n = 9) that inhaled 40 ppm of NO were compared with control rabbits (n = 9) over a 2-h period following infusion of complement fragments. Circulating PMN counts immediately decreased after infusion of complement fragments in both groups followed by a recovery to baseline. This recovery was maintained in the NO-treated group compared with the control rabbits (p < 0.05). NO reduced PMN sequestration in the lung measured by both arteriovenous PMN difference across the lung (p < 0.01) and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) content of the lung tissue (p < 0.01). NO had no effect on the complement fragments–induced PMN release from the bone marrow. In vitro studies showed that NO partially inhibited F-actin assembly (p < 0.01) reduced the change in deformability (p < 0.05) and inhibited CD18 upregulation (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the L-selectin shedding of PMN stimulated by complement fragments. We conclude that NO reduces the sequestration of activated PMN by reducing deformability change via inhibition of F-actin assembly and inhibiting the upregulation of CD18.
Differences in Breast Cancer Subtypes among Asian-American Women with Invasive Breast Cancer in New York City.
Authors: K. McCarville, A. Flam, M. Forst, A. Swistel, M. Osborne, A. Moore, L. Vahdat, P. Klein, P. Christos, M. Mazumdar, E. Chuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Specific breast cancer (BC) subtypes conferring distinct phenotypic and prognostic outcomes have been defined by molecular gene expression arrays. A recent study suggested that differences in BC subtypes exist among ethnic subgroups of Asian women in California. It has also been reported that there are differences in clinical outcomes among Asians with BC in the US, with Filipinos having a worse prognosis compared with other Asians. We sought to determine whether differences in BC subtypes exist among Asians in New York.Methods: Using outpatient registration records from Weill Cornell Breast Center and St. Vincent's Medical Center in New York City, we identified patients who were diagnosed with stage I, II, or III invasive BC between 1997 and 2007 who were of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese or Korean ethnicity. We reviewed pathology records according to an IRB approved protocol and recorded patient data for age, stage, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and HER-2/neu at diagnosis. Immunohistochemical surrogates for the four molecularly defined breast cancer subtypes were used according to accepted definitions (Luminal A: ER+Her2-; Luminal B: ER+ Her2+; Her2/neu: Her2+ ER-; Basal-like: ER-PR-, Her2-) Using chi-square analysis, we explored the relationship between ethnicity and BC subtypes.Results: 346 Asian women were identified with invasive breast cancer. Among the Chinese subgroup, 67% were of the Luminal A subtype, 15.3% were Luminal B, 10% were the Her2/neu subtype and 8.5% were Basal-like. Filipinos had a higher proportion of Luminal B cancers compared to the other ethnic groups. Filipinos and Koreans had a higher proportion of the Her2+/ER- subtype compared to Chinese and Japanese (P=0.004 by chi-square test). When considering all Her2/neu positive cancers, Filipinos had a significantly higher proportion of HER-2/neu positivity (46%) compared to Chinese (25%), Japanese (14%) and Korean (29%) groups (P=0.002). Filipinos and Koreans had a higher proportion of ER negative cancers and Grade III cancers compared to Chinese and Japanese (P=0.001 for ER status and P=0.01 for grade). In our series, Korean subjects were significantly younger than the other three ethnic groups (P&amp;lt;0.0001 by AVOVA test).Conclusions: Differences in BC subtypes exist among Asian women with invasive breast cancer in New York. Filipino women are significantly more likely to have HER-2/neu positive BC compared with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean women. Our results are supportive of results from a study in which differences in distribution of Her2/neu positive cancers among Asians in California were seen. Furthermore, these findings provide one explanation for the worse clinical outcome for Filipinos compared with other Asians that has been previously reported. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3067.
HLA-DQ Associations Distinguish Insulin-Resistant and Insulin-Sensitive Variants of NIDDM in Black Americans
Authors: Mary Ann Banerji, Allen J Norin, Rochelle L Chaiken, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE NIDDM in black Americans exists as two variants: one with a primary defect in insulin action (insulin-resistant variant) and the other with normal insulin action and a primary defect in insulin secretion (insulin-sensitive variant). The objective of this study was to determine whether these two variants were genetically distinct from each other and from normal control subjects as determined by HLA typing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin action was measured with the euglycemic insulin clamp with a 1 mU · kg−1 · min−1 insulin infusion with [3-3H]glucose. A glucose disposal of &amp;lt; 278 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 was considered insulin resistant, and a value greater than this was considered insulin sensitive. The study population consisted of 21 insulin-resistant and 25 insulin-sensitive black NIDDM patients and 89 normal, nondiabetic black control subjects from an urban hospital. HLA typing was performed with serological methods. RESULTS The frequency of HLA-DQW7 in the insulin-resistant population (76%) was significantly greater than that in the insulin-sensitive population (32%, corrected P &amp;lt; 0.018) and the normal control population (21%, corrected P &amp;lt; 0.001). The frequency of HLA-DQW6 was increased in the insulin-sensitive population (76%), corrected P &amp;lt; 0.023, as compared with the normal control subjects (33%). The relative risk of HLA-DQW7 in identifying insulin-resistant NIDDM patients compared with control subjects was 7. CONCLUSIONS At least one component that differentiates insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive NIDDM in black Americans is under different genetic control. One or more loci responsible for insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive NIDDM are likely to be in linkage disequilibrium with the DQ locus of the human MHC region of chromosome 6.
Radiation lobectomy: Time-dependent analysis of future liver remnant volume in unresectable liver cancer as a bridge to resection
Authors: Michael Vouche, Robert J. Lewandowski, Rohi Atassi, Khairuddin Memon, Vanessa L. Gates, Robert K. Ryu, Ron C. Gaba, Mary F. Mulcahy, Talia Baker, Kent Sato, Ryan Hickey, Daniel Ganger, Ahsun Riaz, Jonathan Fryer, Juan Carlos Caicedo, Michael Abecassis, Laura Kulik, Riad Salem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Postexposure Marburg Treatment Effective in Monkeys
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2489: Targeting pro-survival BCL-2 family members increases radiation sensitivity in breast cancer cells
Authors: Hao Wu, Devora S. Schiff, Sharad Goyal, Hanmanth J.R. Neboori, Bruce G. Haffty
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In previous studies we have shown that BCL-2 expression was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence in patients with early stage breast cancer (Yang Q, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2009). Additionally, BCL-2-overexpressing lymphoma and prostate cancer cell lines were resistant to radiation-induced apoptosis. The BCL-2 family encompasses two groups: the pro-survival group (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, MCL-1, A1) and pro-apoptotic group (BAK, BAX, BAD, BIK, etc.) ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic compound that targets the pro-survival members excluding MCL-1. Targeting pro-survival BCL-2 family members presents an attractive novel adjuvant therapeutic option. The purpose of this study was to explore an approach to overcoming radiation resistance by targeting pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins in breast cancer cells. First, siRNAs were employed to target BCL-2 in MCF-7 and BT474 breast cancer cells. Apoptosis was determined by detecting cleaved PARP after siRNA and radiation treatment. Cleaved PARP in BCL-2 siRNA treated MCF-7 cells increased compared to non-targeting siRNA treated cells 72 hours after 8Gy of radiation, indicating the targeting BCL-2 alone increased apoptotic cell death. Despite evidence of increased radiation related apoptosis, cell viability showed there was no significant difference between BCL-2 siRNA and non-targeting siRNA treated MCF-7 cells at 2, 4, 6 and 8Gy, p&amp;gt;0.05, indicating that targeting the BCL-2 alone did not enhance radiation sensitivity. However, the combination of radiation (8Gy) and ABT-737 (variable doses) enhanced BAK and cleaved PARP at 24hr, 48hr and 72hr. Further, the cell viability of the combination of radiation (2Gy) and ABT-737 (5µM) significantly decreased 16.5%, p&amp;lt;0.01 and 26.5%, p&amp;lt;0.01, compared with radiation alone or ABT-737 alone treated MCF-7 cells, respectively. Similar results were observed in T47D and MDA-MB231 cells. Finally, after knocking down MCL-1 by siRNA, cell viability went down in 14.5% (p&amp;lt;0.05) in MCL-1 siRNA treated MCF-7 cells compared with non-targeting siRNA treated cells at 5µm of ABT-737. In addition, MCL-1 protein level decreased after treatment of radation alone and the combination of radiation and ABT-737 in MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and ZR75-1 cells. Together, our results showed that synergistic effect of radiation and ABT-737 on breast cancer cell lines through down-regulating MCL-1 and activating bak-apoptotic pathway. These results support the combination of radiation and pro-survival BCL-2 family inhibitor as a potential novel therapeutic strategy in breast cancer treatment. Supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2489
Design and Validation of the Biliary Atresia Research Consortium Histologic Assessment System for Cholestasis in Infancy
Authors: Pierre Russo, John C. Magee, John Boitnott, Kevin E. Bove, Trivellore Raghunathan, Milton Finegold, Joel Haas, Ronald Jaffe, Grace E. Kim, Margret Magid, Hector Melin–Aldana, Frances White, Peter F. Whitington, Ronald J. Sokol
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Metabolic responses of cartilage in experimentally induced osteoarthritis.
Authors: R W Moskowitz, V M Goldberg, C J Malemud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Serial metabolic responses in developing osteoarthritis induced in the right knees of a rabbit model of partial meniscectomy (PM) were studied. Controls were sham-operated (SH) right knees, left knees of all operated animals, nd right and left knees of a nonoperated series. Glycosaminoglycan and protein synthesis and cell replication were separately analysed utilising 35 SO4, 14C-Glycine, and 3H-thymidine, respectively. Pitting, ulceration, and osteophytes, seen only in the PM knees, increased over the 12-week period of study. 3H-thymidine and 14C-glycine incorporations by PM cartilage were increased at 3 weeks, less than nonoperated control animals at 9 weeks, and approximated to those of controls at 12 weeks. 35 SO4 incorporation by tibial osteophytes was decreased at 9 and 12 weeks. Similar isotope incorporations seen after partial meniscectomy and sham surgery represented a nonspecific response to arthrotomy. Cartilage synthetic activity did not increase in parallel with degenerative change.
Drug points: Hair: wanted and unwanted
Authors: P. S Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1986)

2500 in Sweden, 3900 in the UK, and 4000 in France to 11155 in West Germany and 12000 in the USA.Since the markets of the developed world do not collectively appear to support such enormous numbers of products, it is surprising that such numbers whichare claimed to exist in hird World markets are attributed to exports from the Western world.J P GRMIN ABPI, London SWIA 2DY Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure?SIR,-Dr M R Lee and colleagues (26 July, p 266) suggest that hypertension in blacks is different from that in white people and may be more salt dependent.In rural Belize the Creoles, an Afro- Caribbean group, certainly had higher blood pres- sures than either an Amerindian (Mayan) or Amerindian-European (Mestizzo) group.'How- ever, when Creoles were compared with rural and urban Malawians (central Africans) studied using the same epidemiological techniques2 the urban Africans had the highest blood pressures.This was in spite of the urban Africans being younger, lighter and less obese and having a lower output of overnight urinary sodium than the Creoles (table ).Obviously factors other than salt intake have caused these differences and, they may not all be environmental.It may be that genetic differences between Afio-Caribbean communities are as im- portant as those between whites and blacks, and Mean blood pressres, ages, weight, body mass indx, and overnght winary sodium osuput Creoles Urban Malawians Rural Malawians Men Women Men Women Men Women Blood pressure (mm Hg) 124/66-6 115/65-4 127-5*/76-2
ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PURPURA ASSOCIATED WITH EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER
Authors: Arnold S. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Acute hemorrhagic purpura is a rare disease and perhaps of sufficient interest itself to warrant a case report, but a search of the literature has failed to reveal any instances in which this disease has been associated with exophthalmic goiter. Hemorrhagic purpura is an acute or chronic disease characterized by a marked decrease in the number of blood platelets, spontaneous hemorrhages from mucous membranes and purpura. The blood platelets are greatly reduced from the normal of from 300,000 to 400,000 to less than 100,000 and, in acute cases, to even less than 20,000. If the blood vessels are injured in a case of hemorrhagic purpura, the effused blood clots, but the clots do not contract. Thrombosis does not take place readily in the injured vessels and the bleeding time is greatly prolonged. In 1775 Werlhof<sup>1</sup>first described this disease and established it as a distinct clinical entity. In 1916
Improving quality in resource poor settings: observational study from rural Rwanda
Authors: M. Kotagal, P. Lee, C. Habiyakare, R. Dusabe, P. Kanama, H. M Epino, M. L Rich, P. E Farmer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Routine care processes critical to hospital care are difficult to execute in overworked, understaffed, and under-resourced settings. The financial and material needs of developing nations have been well documented.[1][1] [2][2]More recently, shortages of human resources have been widely reported.[3
A Double-Blind Study of Symptom Provocation to Determine Food Sensitivity
Authors: Don L. Jewett, George Fein, Martin H. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Some claim that food sensitivities can best be identified by intradermal injection of extracts of the suspected allergens to reproduce the associated symptoms. A different dose of an offending allergen is thought to "neutralize" the reaction.