tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of <i>d,l</i> -Sotalol and Implantable Defibrillators for Treatment of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dirk Bo¨cker, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Michael Block, Martin Borggrefe, Dieter Hammel, Gu¨nter Breithardt
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and d,l- sotalol are widely used to treat ventricular tachyarrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term efficacy of d,l -sotalol and ICDs in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods and Results In a case-control study, 50 patients treated with oral d,l -sotalol were matched to 50 patients treated with ICDs. Both groups were matched for sex (82 men), age (58±10 years), ejection fraction (40±12%), extent of coronary artery disease, presenting arrhythmia, and year that treatment began. In all patients in the sotalol group, VT/VF was inducible in the drug-free electrophysiological study. Induction of sustained VT/VF was suppressed by d,l -sotalol (438±95 mg/d). In the ICD group, either VT/VF was not inducible (n=5) or inducible sustained VT/VF was refractory to antiarrhythmic drug treatment (n=45). Sotalol treatment led to a marked reduction in arrhythmic events. Whereas 83% of the patients in the sotalol group were free of sudden death and nonfatal VT at 3 years, only 33% of the ICD patients did not receive appropriate ICD therapies ( P &lt;.005). Actuarial rates for absence of sudden death at 3 years were 85% in the sotalol group and 100% in the ICD group ( P &lt;.005). Actuarial rates for overall survival at 3 years were 75% in the sotalol group and 85% in the ICD group ( P =.02). Conclusions In this case-control study, ICD therapy was more effective than electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic treatment with d,l -sotalol in prevention of sudden death and reduction of total mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
How staph thwarts attack
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus stifles its host's immune response by producing an immunosuppressive molecule, report [Thammavongsa and colleagues.][1]

![Figure][2] 

Staph infections caused fewer kidney abscesses (arrows) without adsA .



The new study reveals that without the cell wall enzyme
Anti-hypertensive effect of 17β-estradiol in rats with experimental coarctation: effects on circulating and tissue vasoactive peptides
Authors: L.-R. Gao, K. Sudhir, B.-Q. Zhu, Y-P. Sun, R.E. Sievers, T.M. Chou, R. Lee, K. Chatterjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A Long Shot
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes&lt;subtitle&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Hisao Ogawa, Masafumi Nakayama, Takeshi Morimoto, Shiro Uemura, Masao Kanauchi, Naofumi Doi, Hideaki Jinnouchi, Seigo Sugiyama, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Previous trials have investigated the effects of low-dose aspirin on primary prevention of cardiovascular events, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the efficacy of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded, end-point trial conducted from December 2002 through April 2008 at 163 institutions throughout Japan, which enrolled 2539 patients with type 2 diabetes without a history of atherosclerotic disease and had a median follow-up of 4.37 years.<h3>Interventions</h3>Patients were assigned to the low-dose aspirin group (81 or 100 mg per day) or the nonaspirin group.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Primary end points were atherosclerotic events, including fatal or nonfatal ischemic heart disease, fatal or nonfatal stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Secondary end points included each primary end point and combinations of primary end points as well as death from any cause.<h3>Results</h3>A total of 154 atherosclerotic events occurred: 68 in the aspirin group (13.6 per 1000 person-years) and 86 in the nonaspirin group (17.0 per 1000 person-years) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.10; log-rank test, P = .16). The combined end point of fatal coronary events and fatal cerebrovascular events occurred in 1 patient (stroke) in the aspirin group and 10 patients (5 fatal myocardial infarctions and 5 fatal strokes) in the nonaspirin group (HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.79; P = .0037). A total of 34 patients in the aspirin group and 38 patients in the nonaspirin group died from any cause (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.57-1.14; log-rank test, P = .67). The composite of hemorrhagic stroke and significant gastrointestinal bleeding was not significantly different between the aspirin and nonaspirin groups.<h3>Conclusion</h3>In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, low-dose aspirin as primary prevention did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00110448Published online November 9, 2008 (doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.623).
Metagenomics for pathogen detection in public health
Authors: Ruth R Miller, Vincent Montoya, Jennifer L Gardy, David M Patrick, Patrick Tang
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

Traditional pathogen detection methods in public health infectious disease surveillance rely upon the identification of agents that are already known to be associated with a particular clinical syndrome. The emerging field of metagenomics has the potential to revolutionize pathogen detection in public health laboratories by allowing the simultaneous detection of all microorganisms in a clinical sample, without a priori knowledge of their identities, through the use of next-generation DNA sequencing. A single metagenomics analysis has the potential to detect rare and novel pathogens, and to uncover the role of dysbiotic microbiomes in infectious and chronic human disease. Making use of advances in sequencing platforms and bioinformatics tools, recent studies have shown that metagenomics can even determine the whole-genome sequences of pathogens, allowing inferences about antibiotic resistance, virulence, evolution and transmission to be made. We are entering an era in which more novel infectious diseases will be identified through metagenomics-based methods than through traditional laboratory methods. The impetus is now on public health laboratories to integrate metagenomics techniques into their diagnostic arsenals.
THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF PSEUDONEUROTIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: P. H. HOCH, J. P. CATTELL, M. O. STRAHL, H. H. PENNES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. This is a 5-20 year follow-up report of the course and outcome of 109 patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, 60% seen initially at Psychiatric Institute and 40% in clinics or private practice. 2. About two-fifths of these patients had had previous episodes of mental illness (inpatients: 42%; ambulatory patients: 31%). 3. There appeared to be a high incidence of a life-long history of illness, though age at onset is difficult to determine. There was a striking concentration of patients in the third (50%) and fourth (25%) decades at the time of beginning treatment. 4. There was a significant incidence of subsequent hospitalization following initial contact: approximately 40% of the entire group was hospitalized 1-9 times (11% of Group 1 and 56% of Group 2). 5. Ten percent of the patients attempted suicide but only 2 patients died by suicide. There were no other deaths in this series. 6. Approximately 20% of the patients developed overt schizophrenic symptomatology at some time during the follow-up period, but half of these (10%) had a remission. Thus 10% who originally had the pseudoneurotic form of schizophrenia developed chronic forms of schizophrenia with the typical catatonic, paranoid and occasionally hebephrenic symptomatology. 7. At the time of the follow-up study, about one-third of all the patients were found to have a good, fair and poor outcome, respectively. In Group 1, 44% of the patients had a good outcome and another 40% had a fair outcome. In Group 2, one-fifth of the patients were rated as having a good outcome and 40%, a fair outcome. 8. Efforts were made to correlate outcome with various factors, ranging from family history of mental illness, through environmental vicissitudes, reactivity to stimuli, precipitating factors leading to disability, to type of treatment. There was evidence of some correlation with precipitating factor and type of treatment. 9. Forthcoming reports on the development of pseudoneurotic schizophrenia and different approaches to treatment are mentioned and the need for further, more extensive studies of this syndrome is noted.
The new NHS. Very peculiar practice.
Authors: C Gannon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> One third of COVID-19 patients develop significant neurological symptoms, yet SARS-CoV-2 is rarely detected in central nervous system (CNS) tissue, suggesting a potential role for parainfectious processes, including neuroimmune responses. We therefore examined immune parameters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and significant neurological complications. We found divergent immunological responses in the CNS compartment, including increased levels of IL-12 and IL-12-associated innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Moreover, we found increased proportions of B cells in the CSF relative to the periphery and evidence of clonal expansion of CSF B cells, suggesting a divergent intrathecal humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, all COVID-19 cases examined had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the CSF whose target epitopes diverged from serum antibodies. We directly examined whether CSF resident antibodies target self-antigens and found a significant burden of CNS autoimmunity, with the CSF from most patients recognizing neural self-antigens. Finally, we produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies from patients’ CSF and show that these target both anti-viral and anti-neural antigens—including one mAb specific for the spike protein that also recognizes neural tissue. This exploratory immune survey reveals evidence of a compartmentalized and self-reactive immune response in the CNS meriting a more systematic evaluation of neurologically impaired COVID-19 patients. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> A subset of COVID-19 patients with neurologic impairment show cerebrospinal fluid-specific immune alterations that point to both neuroinvasion and anti-neural autoimmunity as potential causes of impairment.
Chemical Examination of the Faeces
Authors: W. W. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is important for flexible, context-dependent behavioral control. It also plays a critical role in short-term memory maintenance. Though many studies have investigated these functions independently, it is unclear how these two very different processes are realized by a single brain area. To address this, we trained two monkeys on two variants of an object sequence memory task. These tasks had the same memory requirements but differed in how information was read out and used. For the “recognition” task, the monkeys had to remember two sequentially presented objects and then release a bar when a matching sequence was recognized. For the “recall” task, the monkeys had to remember the same sequence of objects but were instead required to recall the sequence and reproduce it with saccadic eye movements when presented with an array of objects. After training, we recorded the activity of PFC neurons during task performance. We recorded 222 neurons during the recognition task, 177 neurons during the recall task, and 248 neurons during the switching task (interleaved blocks of recognition and recall). Task context had a profound influence on neural selectivity for objects. During the recall task, the first object was encoded more strongly than the second object, while during the recognition task, the second object was encoded more strongly. In addition, most of the neurons encoded both the task and the objects, evidence for a single population responsible for these two critical prefrontal functions.
Granulomatous Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: N. Peter Zauber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998Granulomatous Disease in Common Variable ImmunodeficiencyN. Peter Zauber, MD and Zalman Schrader, MDN. Peter Zauber, MDSaint Barnabas Medical Center; Livingston, NJ 07039Search for more papers by this author and Zalman Schrader, MDSaint Barnabas Medical Center; Livingston, NJ 07039Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Mechanic and colleagues' report on granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency [1] described one patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. To our knowledge, this pairing has not been previously reported. We have been following a woman who was found to have both disorders at age 72 years. She had been experiencing repeated pulmonary infections for 7 years. By 1995, her IgG level was 40 mg/dL and her IgA level was 50 mg/dL. The IgM level was increased to 368 mg/dL with a small IgM κ monoclonal spike. The absolute lymphocyte count was only 672 cells/mm3 with 110 B ...References1. Mechanic LJ, Dikman S, Cunningham-Rundles C. Granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency. Ann Intern Med. 1977; 127:613-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Barnabas Medical Center; Livingston, NJ 07039 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHépatosplénomégalie et gros reins avec insuffisance rénale 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 782KeywordsAntimitochondrial antibodiesCellsEnzymesImmunodeficienciesLiverPhosphatasesPrimary biliary cirrhosisSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminaseT cellsT helper cells Issue Published: 1 May 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TREATMENT OF SEA SICKNESS.
Authors: M. CHARTERIS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Sea life is not new to me. I commenced my professional career by acting for nearly two years as Surgeon in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service, and my autumnal holiday since then has never appeared to me to be satisfactory or complete, unless part of it has been spent on board ship. I never was seasick. I love the sea in its calm and pleasant mood, when the waves lazily lap the steamer with the kiss of friendship, and I am not distressed when they turn upon it as an intruder and lashed by the fury of a storm seek to bury it in the ocean's depths. In all its moods, bright or dark, the sea has for me a wonderful charm, for I admire its vastness, its grandeur, and its boundless power, except when the fog horn is heard or an iceberg looms in sight. So when I
Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous Hepatitis
Authors: Richard J. Shea
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous HepatitisRichard J. Shea, MD, Talley F. Culclasure, MD, and James D. Singleton, MDRichard J. Shea, MDFitzsimons Army Medical Center; Aurora, CO 80045-5000Search for more papers by this author, Talley F. Culclasure, MDFitzsimons Army Medical Center; Aurora, CO 80045-5000Search for more papers by this author, and James D. Singleton, MDFitzsimons Army Medical Center; Aurora, CO 80045-5000Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Knox and colleagues [1] reported the successful use of low-dose oral pulse methotrexate as a steroid-sparing agent in patients with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis. We have observed a significant steroid-sparing effect with the use of hydroxychloroquine in a patient with this disease. Our patient was first seen 5 years ago with fever, anorexia, night sweats, elevated liver enzyme levels, a Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 125 mm/h (normal, 0 to 20 mm/h), and a C-reactive protein level of 13.7 mg/dL (normal, 0.08 to 0.8 mg/dL). Granulomas were identified in liver and bone marrow biopsy specimens.The patient responded ...References1. Knox TA, Kaplan MM, Gelfand JA, Wolff SM. Methotrexate treatment of idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:592-5. Google Scholar2. Salmeron G, Lipsky PE. Immunosuppressive potential of antimalarials. Am J Med. 1983; 75:19-24. Google Scholar3. Soskel NT, Fox R. Sarcoidosis … or something like it. South Med J. 1990; 83:1190-202. Google Scholar4. Friedland JS, Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JG. A chronic granulomatous syndrome of unknown origin. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990; 69:325-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard J. Shea, MD; Talley F. Culclasure, MD; James D. Singleton, MDAffiliations: Fitzsimons Army Medical Center; Aurora, CO 80045-5000 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 733KeywordsBiopsyBone marrowDrug therapyDrugsGranulomasHepatitis AHydroxychloroquineLiverMethotrexateResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect in Man of Anti‐Allergic Drugs on the Immediate and Late Phase Cutaneous Allergic Reactions Induced by Anti‐IgE
Authors: Reidar Grönneberg, Kjell Strandberg, Gunnemar Stålenheim, Olle Zetterström
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Wheal and flare reactions as well as a late cutaneous allergic reaction (LCAR) were induced by anti‐human IgE in healthy subjects. The effect of the β 2 ‐adrenoceptor stimulant terbutaline, the histamine‐1 (H 1 ) receptor blocking agent mepyramine and the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone on these reactions was studied. All administrations were given intradermally (i.d.) The immediate reaction to anti‐IgE was inhibited by 3 μg terbutaline and 30 μg mepyramine ( P &lt; 0.01) whereas 50 μg betamethasone had no effect. Terbutaline had no effect on the flare response induced by i.d. injected histamine but a slight effect on whealing. Terbutaline and mepyramine weakly reduced the LCAR throughout the observation period of 24 h ( P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, betamethasone almost completely abolished the LCAR. It is concluded that the two phases of the skin reaction to anti‐IgE are interrelated since an inhibition of the early phase was followed by an attenuation of the LCAR. The mechanism of action of steroids seems to differ fundamentally from that of other anti‐allergic drugs since inhibition of the early step in the reaction is not essential to the action on the late step. It is further suggested that terbutaline inhibits anti‐IgE‐mediated cutaneous reactions by inhibition of the mast cell release reaction.
Greeks feel effects of drug shortages caused by austerity measures
Authors: E. Sukkar
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Greece has a shortage of some 300 drugs because of the austerity measures and national debt, the national pharmacists’ organisation has said. Drugs affected include insulins, anticoagulants, antidiabetes drugs, and anticancer drugs.

Dimitris Karageorgiou, secretary general of the Pan Hellenic Pharmaceutical Association, which represents 12 000 pharmacies, told the BMJ : “Citizens are suffering. There are great shortages. Patients are going from one doctor to another to find one that will prescribe and going from one pharmacist to another to find medicines. A good pharmacist has become one who can be a good hunter and track down a medicine for a patient.” 

Karageorgiou attributes the shortages to various factors, including the fact that drug companies want payments in cash, the effects of “parallel exports” (whereby drugs that are cheaper in Greece than in other …
Infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in a prevention setting: retrospective cohort study
Authors: I. van Beek, R. Dwyer, G. J Dore, K. Luo, J. M Kaldor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To estimate the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus and risk factors for seroconversion among a cohort of injecting drug users. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Primary healthcare facility in central Sydney. <b>Subjects:</b> Injecting drug users tested for HIV-1 antibody (n=1179) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (n=1078) from February 1992 to October 1995. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus among seronegative subjects who injected drugs and underwent repeat testing. Demographic and behavioural risk factors for hepatitis seroconversion. <b>Results:</b> Incidence of HIV-1 among 426 initially seronegative injecting drug users was 0.17/100 person years (two seroconversions) compared with an incidence of hepatitis C virus of 20.9/100 person years (31 seroconversions) among 152 injecting drug users initially negative for hepatitis C virus. Incidence of hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users aged less than 20 years was 75.6/100 person years. Independent risk factors for hepatitis C virus seroconversion were age less than 20 years and a history of imprisonment. <b>Conclusions:</b> In a setting where prevention measures have contributed to the maintenance of low prevalence and incidence of HIV-1, transmission of hepatitis C virus continues at extremely high levels, particularly among young injecting drug users. <h3>Key messages</h3> The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus is high, while the prevalence and incidence of HIV remains low among injecting drug users Young age and history of imprisonment are risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis C virus infection HIV prevention strategies have been relatively ineffective in preventing hepatitis C virus infection in this population The role of imprisonment in the acquisition of hepatitis C infection should be further investigated