tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Series on Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gary J. Balady
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Series on Exercise in Cardiovascular DiseaseFor more than a half century, exercise testing has remained a readily available and reliable clinical tool to evaluate patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease.Yet, data continue to emerge regarding novel applications of this durable technology.Exercise, however, has taken on a new role in contemporary clinical cardiology for its therapeutic benefits in both the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.While it has long been recognized that exercise and physical activity confer health, the data that support this observation are now robust and far-reaching.Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise yields its myriad of benefits has become a prolific area of research, the findings of which tell an interesting and evolving story that spans from molecular interactions to integrated physiological systems.Accordingly, in this Circulation thematic review series on Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease, the reader will be treated to the extensive knowledge and insight of a remarkable group of experts who provide a fresh look at exercise from several vantage points-from epidemiology to biology to clinical applications.The first three articles in this series will focus on exercise and its role in cardiovascular protection; the four articles that follow will provide a unique look at several specific applications of exercise testing.These will address children with congenital heart disease, women, nonatherosclerotic heart disease, and cardiopulmonary testing.I am grateful to the many authors of this remarkable series whose words lead us to further appreciate the expanding roles of exercise in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease, and stimulate the inquisitive mind to probe the many unanswered questions in this field through future research.
Wetting the whistle: neurotropic factor improves salivary function
Authors: Adam Swick, Randall J. Kimple
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common side effect of head and neck radiotherapy, Sjögren syndrome, diabetes, old age, and numerous medications. In this issue of the JCI, Xiao and colleagues identified glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as a potential stimulus for salivary stem cell growth. Due to its ability to promote neuronal growth, differentiation, and survival, GDNF is currently being used in clinical trials as a treatment for Parkinson disease; therefore, the findings of Xiao and colleagues may initiate a potential treatment for the millions of patients who suffer from xerostomia each year.
Pimecrolimus in an adhesive ointment as a new treatment option for oral lichen planus
Authors: J. Dissemond, S. Schroter, T. Franckson, S. Herbig, M. Goos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. The involvement of mucous membranes is frequently seen. Although usually asymptomatic, the disorder is occasionally complicated by extensive painful erosions, causing a considerable loss of quality of life. We report for the first time the successful treatment of oral LP (OLP) with topical pimecrolimus in an adhesive ointment vehicle. An 81‐year‐old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic with a 5‐year history of relapsing painful erosive stomatitis resistant even to potent topical steroids. The diagnosis of OLP was verified clinically and histologically. The remaining integument showed no further pathological findings; the patient had OLP exclusively. Examination showed persistent typical clinical features of OLP (Fig. 1A,B) and treatment with pimecrolimus was initiated. Pimecrolimus adhesive ointment was prepared by mixing Elidel® 1% cream (Novartis, Nürnberg, Germany) 1:1 with a hydrophilic adhesive gel base and was applied twice daily. Components of this adhesive gel base, which is chiefly utilized in patients with mucosal disorders, are: hydroxyethylcellulose 250 G (Ph. Eur. 4·00) 9·0 g, propylene glycol (Ph. Eur. 4·00) 7·5 g, disodium edetate (Ph. Eur. 4·00) 0·075 g, methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate (Ph. Eur. 4·00) 0·06 g, propyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate (Ph. Eur. 4·00) 0·02 g and purified water (Ph. Eur. 4·00) added to 100·0 g. The final concentration obtained was 5 mg g−1 pimecrolimus. After 4 months of treatment nearly complete resolution of the OLP was documented (Fig. 2A,B). No side‐effects were observed, except for a slight burning sensation immediately following the application of the pimecrolimus ointment.
Psychological and Physical Symptom-formation in Menopause
Authors: D.G. Hertz, J.E. Steiner, H. Zuckerman, Sara Pizanti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

This paper attempts to show the correlations between the subjective symptoms of the menopausal woman and of the condition of the vaginal and oral mucosa. Thirty female subjects were evaluated through psychiatric interviews (including brief psychiatric rating and anxiety scales), gynecological and oral physiological examinations. According to our findings, personality and psychosocial factors seem to play a major role in the development of 'dry mouth syndrome' during the menopausal stage.
Promising New Radiotracer Technics for the Diagnosis of Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: B. Leonard Holman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The coronary arteries are overachievers. They satisfy 12 per cent of the body's oxygen consumption with only 5 per cent of the cardiac output. As a result, the increased oxygen demand that accompanies exercise must be met by dilatation of precapillary arterioles, resulting in increased coronary blood flow. When the coronary-artery lumen is narrowed by an arteriosclerotic plaque or spasm, resting myocardial oxygen demand distal to the lesion may have to be satisfied by vasodilatation. When the patient with a substantial coronary-artery lesion exercises or incurs stress, the microcirculation distal to the lesion may already be maximally dilated. As a . . .
Abstract IA03: Genomic and epigenomic targets in small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Charles M. Rudin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent comprehensive analyses of the genome, transcriptome, and proteome of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have provided new insights into the biology of this particularly aggressive cancer type. As has been known for several years, most SCLC demonstrate concomitant loss or inactivation of two key tumor suppressors, p53 and RB; conditional loss of these genes in a mouse model results in lung cancer with many of the properties of human SCLC. Amplification and aberrant expression of MYC family members, including L-MYC and N-MYC, are strongly implicated in SCLC. Other important oncogenes amplified in subsets of SCLC include SOX2, a key developmental transcription factor, and the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR1. Several key epigenetic control genes are mutated or disregulated in SCLC, including EZH2. Recent analyses of the SCLC methylome suggest that these cancers may be categorized into subsets based on global gene expression and methylation patterns. Taken together with recent proteomic studies highlighting additional potential targets including PARP1, these recent observations are providing a new landscape of investigational therapeutic opportunities for SCLC. Citation Format: Charles M. Rudin. Genomic and epigenomic targets in small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
Differential Diagnosis of Colorectal Diseases
Authors: Louis Malow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There have been a fair number of books published of late on colorectal diseases, some of which are good and some only fair. This book, for openers, is good, with some of the most beautiful photographs of colonoscopic findings ever seen, plus photographs of pathological slides to substantiate the colonoscopic findings. The author is one of the world's first colonoscopists, having previously started his career as a gastrointestinal endoscopist. He further enhanced his knowledge of colorectal diseases by spending two years in studying their pathology. Each chapter discusses a colorectal disease as regards symptoms, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis. The courses of the diseases are described in detail, with pathological descriptions of each phase of progression and resolution. What makes this book even better are the magnificent color photographs of colonoscopic views of all of the diseases and neoplasms and photographs of pathological slides describing the features of each condition. The
Behavior and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Carolyn C. Gotay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

This paper reviews research on the effects of behavioral risk factors on cancer incidence, as well as behavioral interventions for cancer prevention. Risk factors discussed here--tobacco use, diet, physical activity, and obesity/energy balance--are all linked with cancer etiology, and effective behavioral interventions have been developed in all of these areas. The most effective interventions appear to incorporate various components; for example, including individual as well as family activities, and involving multiple community organizations in behavior-changing activities. Behavioral theories have guided the design of these interventions, providing support that certain influences on behavior, such as self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, and social support, are important regardless of the specific behavioral target. As illustrated by the recent lowered lung cancer incidence and mortality rates for men and women, behavior change is possible and effective in cancer prevention. Clinical guidelines have been established for behavioral aspects of treatments for smoking cessation, dietary guideline compliance, physical activity, and obesity reduction, and new tools for dissemination of effective intervention materials will be helpful in increasing their use. Documenting the cost-effectiveness of behavioral interventions, using new technology interventions, and building on translational research to tailor interventions to individuals offer considerable promise for the future.
A sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for determination of bovine β‐lactoglobulin in infant feeding formulas and in human milk
Authors: S. Mäkinen‐Kiljunen, T. Palosuo
Journal: Allergy (1992)

We developed a sensitive sandwich‐type ELISA for measuring low levels of cow's milk (CM) β‐lactoglobulin. Purified anti‐β‐lactoglobulin was used as coating antibody and also as second antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. Polyethylene glycol 6000 was added to the incubation buffers to improve sensitivity. The detection limit of the assay was 0.002 μg/l, which is much better than sensitivities reported for other β‐lactoglobulin assays. The sensitivity was not impaired by the presence of other CM proteins. The recovery from breast milk was 93% and from the diluting buffer 127%. The coefficient of variation within day was 5–15% and between days 10%. One hour after oral intake of milk, P‐lactoglobulin could be detected in the breast milk of three mothers at concentrations of about 1–2 μg/l. Widely different concentrations of β‐lactoglobulin were measured in two protein hydrolysates based on CM whey and casein proteins; the observed concentrations were 200 and 0.0056 μg P‐lactoglobulinμ/g dry weight, respectively.
Paclitaxel-loaded Pluronic nanoparticles formed by a temperature-induced phase transition for cancer therapy
Authors: Keun Sang Oh, Ji Yung Song, Sun Hang Cho, Bum Suk Lee, Sang Yoon Kim, Kwangmeyung Kim, Hyesung Jeon, Ick Chan Kwon, Soon Hong Yuk
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Antitumor Effect after Radiofrequency Ablation of Murine Hepatoma Is Augmented by an Active Variant of CC Chemokine Ligand 3/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α
Authors: Noriho Iida, Yasunari Nakamoto, Tomohisa Baba, Hidetoshi Nakagawa, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Makoto Naito, Naofumi Mukaida, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Several chemokines are used for immunotherapy against cancers because they can attract immune cells such as dendritic and cytotoxic T cells to augment immune responses. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used to locally eliminate cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal cell carcinoma, and lung cancer. Because HCC often recurs even after an eradicative treatment with RFA, additional immunotherapy is necessary. We treated tumor-bearing mice by administering ECI301, an active variant of CC chemokine ligand 3, after RFA. Mice were injected s.c. with BNL 1ME A.7R.1, a murine hepatoma cell line, in the bilateral flank. After the tumor became palpable, RFA was done on the tumor of one flank with or without ECI301. RFA alone eliminated the treated ipsilateral tumors and retarded the growth of contralateral non-RFA-treated tumors accompanied by massive T-cell infiltration. Injection of ECI301 augmented RFA-induced antitumor effect against non-RFA-treated tumors when administered to wild-type or CCR5-deficient but not CCR1-deficient mice. ECI301 also increased CCR1-expressing CD11c(+) cells in peripheral blood and RFA-treated tumors after RFA. Deficiency of CCR1 impairs accumulation of CD11c(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells in RFA-treated tumors. Furthermore, in IFN-gamma-enzyme-linked immunospot assay, ECI301 augmented tumor-specific responses after RFA whereas deficiency of CCR1 abolished this augmentation. Thus, we proved that ECI301 further augments RFA-induced antitumor immune responses in a CCR1-dependent manner.
Depression in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Scott B. Patten, Luanne M. Metz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: An association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression has been recognized for several decades and has attracted considerable attention in research. However, there are considerable gaps in the current state of knowledge. In this review, the literature concerned with: (1) the burden of depression in MS; (2) the etiology of depression in MS, and (3) the treatment of depression in MS are critically examined. Method: The literature review utilized Medline (1966–1996), and was supplemented by citations extracted from the papers originally uncovered. Results: Numerous studies have identified elevated depressive symptom scores in MS patients relative to nonclinical and (some) clinical control groups. Furthermore, studies of depressive disorders have clearly documented elevated prevalence rates in MS samples. The literature does not identify any specific pattern of neurological involvement as being consistently associated with depressive symptoms or disorders. Psychosocial risk factors contribute to the etiology of depression in MS, but the relative importance of various risk factors is yet to be determined. A single randomized controlled clinical trial, and additional anecdotal evidence, suggests that antidepressant pharmacotherapy is effective for depressive disorders in MS. Conclusions: Future epidemiological studies should not restrict their evaluation of risk factors to those specific factors that are closely related to the disease process. In particular, future researchers should resist the temptation to focus too exclusively on neuropathology. Biological, psychological and social risk factors are all potentially important. Additional empirical efforts to refine the various treatment approaches would be a welcome addition to this literature.
Lymphoma Researchers In Search of Molecular Targets
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

In March, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel voted unanimously to reject the application by Cell Therapeutics for accelerated approval of its drug pixantrone dimaleate (Pixuvri) on the basis of results of the EXTEND trial. The Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee cited questions about the study’s design and accrual as well as a lack of strong evidence demonstrating the drug’s efficacy in third-line treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). “Looking at the data as it was presented
Inhalation of concentrated ambient air particles exacerbates myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs.
Authors: Gregory A Wellenius, Brent A Coull, John J Godleski, Petros Koutrakis, Kazunori Okabe, Sara T Savage, Joy E Lawrence, G G Krishna Murthy, Richard L Verrier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Short-term increases in ambient air pollution have been associated with an increased incidence of acute cardiac events. We assessed the effect of inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) on myocardial ischemia in a canine model of coronary artery occlusion. Six mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy for implantation of a vascular occluder around the left anterior descending coronary artery and tracheostomy to facilitate particulate exposure. After recovery (5-13 weeks), pairs of subjects were exposed for 6 hr/day on 3 or 4 consecutive days. Within each pair, one subject was randomly assigned to breathe CAPs on the second exposure day and filtered air at other times. The second subject breathed CAPs on the third exposure day and filtered air at other times. Immediately after each exposure, subjects underwent 5-min coronary artery occlusion. We determined ST-segment elevation, a measure of myocardial ischemia heart rate, and arrhythmia incidence during occlusion from continuous electrocardiograms. Exposure to CAPs (median, 285.7; range, 161.3-957.3 microg/m3) significantly (p = 0.007) enhanced occlusion-induced peak ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V4 (9.4 +/- 1.7 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.9 mm, CAPs vs. filtered air, respectively) and V5 (9.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.9 mm). ST-segment elevation was significantly correlated with the silicon concentration of the particles and other crustal elements possibly associated with urban street dust (p = 0.003 for Si). No associations were found with CAPs mass or number concentrations. Heart rate was not affected by CAPs exposure. These results suggest that exacerbation of myocardial ischemia during coronary artery occlusion may be an important mechanism of environmentally related acute cardiac events.
P513Study of toll-like receptors in some egyptian patients with ischemic heart diseases:
Authors: M M A Yossof, A Selim, G Abdelhady, E Bedir
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause ofIHD.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as innate immune receptors, expressed in the cardiovascular system and may be a link between cardiovascular diseases and the activation of the immune system.

Aim: To prove the association of TLRs2 with the risk of ischemic heart diseases.

Patients and methods: The present study include 100 non diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease and have compensated heart i.e.no heart failure divided into 2 groups:

group A including 53 patients with stable angina ,group B including 47 patients with recent myocardial infarction. For all individuals E.C.G.,echoDoppler,and routine laboratory investigations were done. Also Venous blood samples were taken from all participants for DNA extraction for All patients were done and screened for 2 SNPs in TLR2 gene (Arg753Gln, rs5743708), and (Arg677Trp, rs 121917864) and serum level of toll protein was determined.

Results: There was a significant correletion between TLR2 protein and Arg677Trp polymorphism and also with Arg753Gly polymorphism in all ischemic patients.

Also,There was a significant correletion between TLR2 protein and Arg677Trp polymorphism in angina group and also in group of myocardial infarction.

Significant correletion between TLR2 protein and Arg753Gly polymorphism in infarction group.

Conclusion: Gene expression profiles ofTLR2 in peripheral blood may be a useful tool to identify individuals with ischemic heart diseases.             
|                  | angina gp | M.I. gp   | P value | odd ratio      |
| ---------------- | --------- | --------- | ------- | -------------- |
| genotype C/C     | 48(90.6%) | 32(68.1&) |         |                |
| genotype C/T     | 4(7.5%)   | 8(17%)    | 0.08    | 3(0.3-10.7)    |
| genotype T/T     | 1(1.9%)   | 7(14.9%)  | 0.01    | 10.5(1.2-89.4) |
| genotype C/T+T/T | 5(9.4%)   | 15(31.9%) | 0.005   | 4.5(1.4-13.6)  |
| genotype G/G     | 52(98.1%) | 42(89.4%) |         |                |
| genotype G/A     | 1(1.9%)   | 1(2.1%)   | 0.8     | 1.2(0.07-20.3) |
| genotype A/A     | 0(0%)     | 4(8.5%)   | 0.03    | 0.4(0.3-0.6)   |
| genotype G/A+A/A | 1(1.9%)   | 5(10.6%)  | 0.06    | 6.1(0.6-55.4)  |
| TLR2(ng/ml)      | 2.8±1.53  | 3.23±1.55 | 0.13    |                |
| total no.        | 53        | 47        |         |                |
Voluntary agreement on tobacco advertising
Authors: W. Robertson, N. J G Field, C. Bird, D. E Parfitt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Richard Doll and colleagues report that half of all regular cigarette smokers will be killed by their habit.1 Cigarette smoking among 11–15 year olds in England, however, is not falling,2 and the government's target in the Health of the Nation to reduce smoking among 11–15 year olds by a third by 1994 is unlikely to be met. Tobacco advertising influences the uptake of smoking among young people,3 yet the government is against a ban on such advertising, saying that voluntary agreements …
A CASE of REMOVAL of the GALL BLADDER
Authors: F. A. Southam
Journal: BMJ (1902)

xoo F., and on the next two it remained normal.This being the case, I now, on the afternoon of the x6th, operated.Operation.An incision was made in the right linea semilunaris, the outer margin of the sheath of the rectus was opened, and the miuscle displaced inwards, and then the posterior layer of the sheath with the peritoneum were cut through together.The distended gall bladder immediately came forwards into the wound.Exploration with the finger showed the cystic and com- mon duets to be distended, and in the latter, just as it was passing behind the first part of the duodenum, was felt a stone.FORAMEN OF WINSLOW B 4A) 0 E Diagram giving exact size and shape of stones, showing the facets;A, junction of first and second parts of duodenum; B, common duct; c, lengt~h j in., diameter, I. in.; D, length, i in., diameter, # in.; F,, opening of duct.As the size of the gall bladder completely preventied convenient access to the deeper-lying structures -t was brought up into the wound, packed round with gauze, and tapped, a rubber tube attached to the cannula draining off the bile and preventing any contamination of the penitoneum.The gall bladder in this manner wvas practically emptied, and proved to contain no stone.The bile was dark-coloured, thicek, and mixed