tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The motility of lung lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis.
Authors: M Ohtsuka, Y Yoshizawa, T Naitou, H Yano, T Sato, S Hasegawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) are believed to be derived from interstitial inflammatory lesions of the lung in which lymphocytes have migrated from the blood. Because cellular motility is one of the important factors in lymphocyte migration, we investigated the motility of BAL lymphocytes from 12 patients with HP and 12 with PS, as well as their responsiveness to chemoattractants in vitro by modified Boyden chamber method. Motility was evaluated by the number of migrated cells and the migration distance. The numbers of migrated BAL lymphocytes from patients with HP and PS in albumin-containing medium were 318.3 +/- 93.0 (mean +/- SD) and 207.6 +/- 35.5, respectively, and were greater than those of BAL lymphocytes from normal control subjects (133.3 +/- 40.9) and blood lymphocytes, and comparable with those of mitogen-activated blood lymphocytes. The motility of BAL lymphocytes in these diseases compared with blood lymphocytes was also increased in protein-free medium. In addition, the culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages (AM) enhanced the motility of BAL, mitogen-activated, and blood lymphocytes. These results suggest that BAL lymphocytes in these diseases are functionally motile, and their enhanced motility, as well as mediators from AM, may facilitate the accumulation of lymphocytes at the epithelial surface.
Metabolism and toxicity of trans,trans-muconaldehyde, an open-ring microsomal metabolite of benzene.
Authors: G Witz, L Latriano, B D Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

We have previously hypothesized that ring-opened metabolites may play an important role in benzene toxicity. In this paper we review recent work related to this hypothesis. trans,trans-Muconaldehyde (TTM), a six-carbon diene dialdehyde, was shown by our laboratory to be a microsomal metabolite of benzene. This compound is a ring-opened metabolite of benzene that is hematotoxic in mice. The toxicity of TTM may stem in part from its ability to act as a direct-acting alkylating agent involving interaction with cellular sulfhydryls and/or amino groups. On the other hand, metabolism to the diacid trans,trans-muconic acid (MA), a known urinary metabolite of benzene, may represent detoxification since this results in loss of electrophilicity of the compound. Preliminary results indicate that TTM can be metabolized to MA in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of TTM in vitro with macrophages and neutrophils, key cells in the bone marrow, results in cell membrane changes, including loss of activity in the plasma membrane-bound NADPH-dependent oxidase and decreases in membrane lipid fluidity. Deoxyguanosine also was found to react with TTM, forming several different products. These findings may be due to TTM acting directly as an alkylating agent.
Therapy of Symptomatic Complete Heart Block in Man: Epicardial Versus Endocardial Pacemakers.
Authors: Regis W. Stafford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Therapy of Symptomatic Complete Heart Block in Man: Epicardial Versus Endocardial Pacemakers.Regis W. Stafford, M.D., Charles V. Meckstroth, M.D., Richard Goodwin, M.S., Charles F. Wooley, M.D., F.A.C.P.Regis W. Stafford, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles V. Meckstroth, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard Goodwin, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, Charles F. Wooley, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1163_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPermanent endocardial pacemaker offers an alternative approach to epicardial pacemaker implantation in the elderly patient with symptomatic complete heart block. This report compares the clinical course of patients with transthoracic pacemakers (TTP) versus patients with transvenous pacemakers (TVP).In 47 patients with TTPs, average age 65, there were 5 postoperative deaths. In 42 patients followed up to 53 months, major multiple complications occurred in 12 patients (29%): wire fracture (8), runaway pulse generator (2), battery exposure (2), and epicardial fibrosis (1). TVPs were implanted in 2 patients for wire fractures. There were 5 late deaths, 1 due to pacemaker failure.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1163-1163KeywordsElderlyFibrosisHeartHeart ratePacemakers Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thoracic-Duct Thrombosis with Fatal Chylothorax Caused by a Long Venous Catheter
Authors: Marshall E. Hinckley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THIS paper was written to present a case of extensive chylothorax and chyloperitoneum secondary to a thrombus occluding the thoracic duct. The patient had a long venous catheter introduced through a vein of the left antecubital fossa that was removed because of thrombophlebitis two days before death. The following brief quotation summarizes the literature on lesions of the thoracic duct:Possibly because it is seldom seen, and because it manifests its importance only when damaged and leaking, the thoracic duct has an aura of mystery. The problem of chylous effusion in the pleural cavity is not a common one, but . . .
An Immunologic Basis for Annular Skin Lesions
Authors: Bruce Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1983An Immunologic Basis for Annular Skin LesionsBRUCE DAVIDSON, M.D.BRUCE DAVIDSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-557_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Sontheimer and associates, (1) methodical dissection of the abnormalities in the patients with the subset, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, appears to be a promising way to arrive at the true pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the variable presentations of the lupus erythematosus syndrome.One striking finding they report is that all of the patients with the annular lesions had the HLA-DR 3 genotype. The differing expressions of diffuse eruptions on the cutaneous surface have always been intriguing. Do the authors speculate as to the mechanism of how, in susceptible subjects, a particular DR ("immune response") antigen results in...Reference1. SONTHEIMER R, MADDISON P, REICHLIN M, JORDAN R, STASTNY P, and GILLIAM J. Serologic and HLA associations in subacute lupus erythematosus, a clinical subset of lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:664-71. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BRUCE DAVIDSON, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPathogenesis of annular lesions: Why a ring presentation? 1 April 1983Volume 98, Issue 4Page: 557-558KeywordsAntigensCutaneous lupus erythematosusImmune responseLesionsLupus erythematosus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nitric oxide-mediated cyclooxygenase activation. A key event in the antiplatelet effects of nitrovasodilators.
Authors: D Salvemini, M G Currie, V Mollace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have evaluated the contributions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in the in vivo antiplatelet effects of clinically useful nitrovasodilators. In rats, intravenous infusion of three NO donors, glyceryl trinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, or 3'-morpholinosydnonimine, the stable metabolite of molsidomine, released 6-keto PGF1alpha (the stable metabolite of PGI2) and inhibited ex vivo human platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate by at least 80%. In in vitro studies, glyceryl trinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, and 3'-morpholinosydnonimine, at clinically attainable concentrations, increased cyclooxygenase activity in endothelial cells (EC), which resulted in a four- to sixfold release of 6-keto PGF1alpha. Pretreatment of the EC with hemoglobin which binds to and inactivates the biological actions of NO, but not by methylene blue (MelB), attenuated the NO-mediated PGI2 from the EC by at least 70%. Release of 6-keto PGF1alpha by the NO donors increased the ability of these compounds to inhibit thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation by at least 10 times; this potentiation was inhibited by hemoglobin but not by MeB. MeB blocked the direct anti-platelet effect of the NO donors in the absence of EC. In summary, we have demonstrated that NO, directly as well as together with an NO-driven cyclooxygenase activation (and hence PGI2), release contributes to the marked anti-platelet effects observed after the in vivo administration of clinically used nitrovasodilators.
Yok Hing Ng
Authors: L-F Ng
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Founder of the Northern Ireland Renal ServiceMollie McGeown overcame gender prejudice in 1950s Northern Ireland medicine to build a career that changed the lives of thousands of people affected by kidney failure.After completing an MD thesis on endocarditis followed by a PhD in biochemistry, she was awarded a five year Medical Research Council fellowship and went on to develop an international reputation in calcium metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, and kidney stone disease.In 1959 she was appointed to set up a dialysis service for Northern Ireland and carried out the first successful dialysis on a uraemic patient later that year.This was a pivotal moment for patients in Northern Ireland with kidney failure.Over 200 patients in Northern Ireland at that time died each year from this cause.In 1971 a young woman treated by Mollie for pregnancy related renal failure founded the Northern Ireland Kidney Research Fund, which has to date raised £3m (€4.38m; $5.6m).Mollie was the patron of this fund up to her death.
A History of Medicine in the Early US Navy
Authors: Hans A. Brings
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<b>Ship's Doctor</b>, by Terrence Riley, 294 pp, with illus, $29.95, ISBN 1-55750-721-X, Annapolis, Md, Naval Institute Press, 1995. Dr Langley is eminently qualified to author this fascinating book. As curator of naval history at the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution, he has long held an interest in the early US Navy. His previous book,<i>Social Reform in the US Navy, 1789-1862</i>, is a classic study of 19th-century social reform and its impact upon the navy. With the publication of his latest book, Dr Langley has again filled a huge void in the historical literature on the early US Navy, and it, too, is destined to be a classic. Dr Langley remarks in the preface that his book "traces the evolution of medical practice in the US navy from the building of the first frigates in 1794 to the establishment of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Role of Measles Virus in Skin Lesions and Koplik's Spots
Authors: Dirk W. R. Suringa, Lincoln J. Bank, A. Bernard Ackerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Lesions of the skin and oral mucosa (Koplik's spots) in measles share similar clinical and histologic features. Multinucleate giant cells occur in both the epidermis and oral epithelium. Viral microtubular aggregates were found on electron microscopy within nuclei and cytoplasm of the syncytial giant cells. These findings indicate that the measles virus initiates a similar pathologic process in lesions of the skin and oral mucosa.
Palatable Castor Oil.
Authors: John Ritter
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, March 15, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under a trade-mark name, a pleasant and palatable preparation of castor oil is being distributed among physicians. A small vial containing a sample of a sweetened, tasteless, palatable and non-acrid (I am not aware that castor oil possesses acrid properties) castor oil is sent to the practitioner, and this, in a few weeks, is followed by a circular calling attention to the sample and expatiating on the merits of this elegant and improved pharmaceutical preparation. According to this circular, this preparation is composed of nearly pure castor oil, consisting of 99.99 per cent, of absolute castor oil, the remaining.01 per cent, being aromatic corrigents and sweetening adjuvants. Even sepsis appears to be a factor in ordinary castor oil, as this special preparation is rendered "aseptic." Castor oil is and always will be<i>par excellence</i>, the laxative of choice of the laity. The physician
Diagnosis of lung cancer by fibreoptic bronchoscopy: problems in the histological classification of non-small cell carcinomas.
Authors: M T Chuang, A Marchevsky, A S Teirstein, P A Kirschner, J Kleinerman
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Specific cell typing in lung cancer has important implications for assessment of prognosis and the planning of treatment. Cell typing is, however, often difficult and the problem has been compounded by the universal use of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope, which yields specimens only 2 mm in diameter. We have reviewed the records of 107 patients who had a diagnosis of lung cancer established by fibreoptic bronchoscopy and who subsequently underwent staging biopsy or surgical resection. Examination of tissue obtained by surgical resection yielded a different cell type from that identified in specimens obtained at fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 11 of 32 patients with a bronchial biopsy specimen diagnostic of squamous cell, three of 44 patients with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, six of seven thought to have a poorly differentiated carcinoma, and 21 of 24 patients with a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma. In all, 41 of the 107 surgically removed specimens (38%) differed in cell type from their corresponding bronchoscopic specimens. Accurate cell typing by specimens obtained at fibreoptic bronchoscopy may be extremely difficult. If clearcut morphological criteria cannot be satisfied, the diagnosis of "lung cancer, non-small cell type" should be made.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Garcia-Albeniz and Gallego
Authors: Charles Fuchs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

In Response: We read the work of Gallego et al. with considerable interest. We agree with the authors that plasma biomarker levels may vary over time, particularly in a population of patients with advanced malignancy. Assessing serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels over time in a population of 41 patients with advanced colorectal cancer, the authors found that patients with increasing levels of IGF-I experienced an improved survival (1). This finding is actually consistent with our analysis of baseline plasma IGF-I levels in 527 advanced colorectal cancer patients, which found that higher baseline IGF-I was associated with an improved time-to-tumor progression (P < 0.0001) and overall survival (P < 0.0001; ref. 2). The improved overall survival with higher circulating levels of IGF-I seems counterintuitive, given the presumed tumor-promoting properties of this molecule. As described in our publication, we speculate that IGF-I may play an essential role in maintaining the functional capacity of the “host.” In a previous analysis of our cohort of colorectal cancer patients, higher baseline levels of IGF-I was also associated with a superior quality of life and diminished symptom distress (3). Thus, we concur with our colleagues that plasma levels of IGF-I may be more reflective of the functional capacity of the “host” than a driver of tumor promotion.We also agree with the authors that risk prediction for prognosis is a valuable tool in cancer management. However, in our analysis, we sought to examine the relation between IGF and binding proteins and outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer rather than to define clinical prediction parameters for prognosis or therapy. As such, for the relation between various plasma biomarkers and patient outcome, linear tests for trend were conducted with each plasma biomarker modeled continuously to avoid any bias that can be introduced by preset cutoffs. Further work may choose to identify prediction models for these and other biomarkers.No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Relation of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the mortality in liver cirrhosis (LC). Multivariate analysis
Authors: E. Cabré, A. Abad, F. Glez-Huix, M.C. Núñez, F. Fdez-Bañares, A. Gil, M. Esteve-C, J. Moreno, R. Planas, M. Guilera, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Humoral inhibitor of rat hepatocyte DNA synthesis from patients with fulminant liver failure†
Authors: Haruki Yamada, Gotaro Toda, Makoto Yoshiba, Naoaki Hashimoto, Yusei Ikeda, Hiroshi Mitsui, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Fumio Sugata, Robin D. Hughes, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Sera and ultrafiltrates (relative molecular mass < 10,000 Da) from patients with fulminant liver failure inhibit hepatocyte DNA synthesis in vivo. In this study the effects of ultrafiltrates from pooled sera from fulminant liver failure patients in the United Kingdom and plasma ultrafiltrates from fulminant liver failure patients in Japan have been investigated in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, with incubation for up to 72 hr. Both types of ultrafiltrate inhibited the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-precipitable material and reduced the cell labeling index as determined on autoradiography in hepatocytes stimulated by epidermal growth factor and insulin compared with normal sera/plasma ultrafiltrates. The inhibitory effects observed were dose dependent, reversible when the fulminant liver failure ultrafiltrate was removed and were not associated with increased release of lactate dehydrogenase or suppression of protein synthesis as assessed on the basis of the incorporation of [3H]leucine. The effects appeared to be specific for hepatocytes; in preliminary experiments DNA synthesis was not inhibited in cultured fibroblasts (NIH 3T3 cells). These experiments are further evidence of the presence of an inhibitory factor of relative molecular mass less than 10,000 Da in the blood of patients with fulminant liver failure.
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health
Authors: Françoise Shenfield
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In keeping with their remit to cover women's health in general, O'Connor and Kovacs begin by discussing lifestyle and mental health. Common health issues are then dealt with in order of occurrence, beginning with puberty and proceeding to late life; naturally the chapters on the reproductive years include a large obstetric element.

The book is illustrated by clear boxes and flow charts complementing each other: for instance, what investigations to use in cases of fetal intrauterine growth retardation, and how to manage this clinical finding (although here, unusually, the titles do not clearly separate investigations from management). Drawings are numerous and illustrate fetal growth and normal deliveries as well as the different kinds of placental abnormalities. The emphasis in all chapters is on treatment of women as partners and collaborators when choices are to be made (e.g. on contraception or hormone replacement therapy) and on communication. This approach is welcome, and is especially suited to those who attend to women's needs in prevention as well as in disease. These include general or specialist gynaecological nurses, who need a broad knowledge of all different aspects of women's health. Medical students will find here the facts they are expected to know about puberty, pregnancy, and the problems of later years. Some may judge the material on behaviour and psychological problems too unfocused for their purposes or be disconcerted by the chapter on ageing and its concerns, with its wide coverage of ailments of the aged in general. They will be wise to return to these chapters, however, when they study general medicine; they will thus come to see how women's health is much broader than just obstetrics and gynaecology.
Dispensability and dynamics of caveolin-1 during liver regeneration and in isolated hepatic cells
Authors: Rafael Mayoral, Amalia Fernández-Martínez, Rosa Roy, Lisardo Boscá, Paloma Martín-Sanz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Caveolae participate in several cellular processes such as vesicular transport, cholesterol homeostasis, regulation of signal transduction, integrin signaling, and cell growth. The expression and functional role of caveolin (Cav), the most abundant protein of caveolae, has been reported in liver and in different hepatocyte cell lines, in human cirrhotic liver, and in hepatocellular carcinomas. The role of Cav-1 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) has been investigated as a model of liver proliferation in vivo. Our results show that Cav-1 increases in liver after PH with a redistribution of the protein from the caveola-enriched domain to the noncaveolar fraction. Moreover, the Cav-1 located in the noncaveolar fraction is phosphorylated in tyrosine 14, even though the Cav-1 gene is dispensable for liver regeneration after PH, as deduced from data obtained with commercially available animals lacking this gene. In addition to this, the proinflammatory stimulation of hepatocytes induces Cav-1 translocation to a noncaveolar fraction and tyrosine 14 phosphorylation mainly through the activation of tyrosine kinases such as Src.These results support a dynamic role for Cav-1 in liver proliferation both in vivo after PH and in vitro in cultured hepatic cell lines, but with minimal implications for the liver regeneration process.
The Vector of the Lyme Disease Spirochete
Authors: F R Matuschka, A Spielman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The deer  (Ixodes dammini) that transmit the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) in the northeastern United States are members of a morphologically similar group of black-legged ticks that includes the wood tick (I. ricinus) of Europe and the taiga tick (I. persulcatus) of Asia. The same  also transmit human babesiosis (Babesia microti) in the United States and tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and Asia. The adult  are parasites of deer, but the spirochete is acquired when the larval stage feeds on a mouse. The small nymph (shown on . . .
NHS reorganisations: who's kicking whom, who's protesting?: Where are the medical voices raised in protest: fit for the future?
Authors: Lui G Forni, Mark Signy, Richard M Venn
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Greener asks whether the medical profession approves of the government's reforms.1 We are consultants in acute medicine in West Sussex, a part of the Kent, Surrey, and Sussex Strategic Health Authority, which has recently attracted considerable interest about the possible restructuring of services. Not least are proposals to reduce the workload from primary care, which we are assured are supported by general practitioners. We conducted a simple survey to …