tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ASCITES DUE TO CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The surgical treatment of the ascites of cirrhosis of the liver is based upon the assumption that the ascites is due to an abnormal increase in the blood pressure in the portal radicles, which in turn is produced by the peculiar changes in the liver, causing an obstruction to the passage of the blood of the portal system to that of the general system. The portal system at one time was thought to be a closed circulation, but it has been known now for some time that a number of small anastomoses exist between some of the radicles of the portal system and those of the vena cava which permit a certain amount of the portal blood to reach the general circulation without passing through the liver. Under normal conditions the amount of portal blood thus reaching the vena cava is comparatively small, but in the presence of an obstruction
Distinct sensitivity of normal and malignant cells to ultrasound in vitro.
Authors: F Lejbkowicz, S Salzberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the viability of human normal (foreskin fibroblast and amniotic fluid epithelial) and tumor (breast carcinoma, melanoma, and lung carcinoma) cells lines was studied. Cells were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 0.33 W/cm2 for variable periods of time. Several parameters were tested to determine the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on cell viability and cellular function. Normal cells were relatively resistant to ultrasonic irradiation, whereas malignant cells were much more sensitive. Maximum damage occurred 4 min after exposure of the malignant cells to irradiation. Cellular DNA and protein synthesis were significantly affected as a function of time of irradiation and cloning efficiency of malignant cells exposed to irradiation was greatly reduced. To generalize the consistency of the ultrasonic effect, studies on additional normal and malignant human cells of distinct origin are under way to test their sensitivity to ultrasonic irradiation. Thus, the applicability of ultrasonic irradiation as an antitumor agent may be important in the development of a new methodology in the treatment of cancer.
Gastroenterology. Electronic Reference and Review
Authors: W P GODDARD
Journal: Gut (1998)

Gastroenterology. Electronic Reference and Review. Yamada T, Alpers DH, Owyang C, Powell DW, Silverstein FE. (CD-ROM; illustrated; £310.00.) Sacramento, CA: Lippincott-Raven, 1996.

There are an increasing number of CD-ROMs being peddled in the medical textbook market, either as de novo products of variable quality, or, as in this example, an electronic version of an established textbook. The disk’s contents include not one, but four books. These are verbatim reproductions of the second (1995) edition of Yamada’s textbook of gastroenterology, together with the bonus of the accompanying self assessment question book, the atlas of gastroenterology and its self assessment guide. This certainly represents value for money, saving at least £80 if one was to buy the printed set. There is also a considerable saving in weight (100 g compared with several kilograms), although it does not look quite so impressive sitting on the bookshelf and could easily …
Refsum's Syndrome Affecting a Brother and Two Sisters
Authors: E. M. Ashenhurst, J. H. D. Millar, T. G. Milliken
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Rhodamine 123 (Rho123), a model substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), was used to evaluate the functional activity of P-gp efflux transporter in the rat placental barrier. The dually perfused rat-term placenta method was used. In our experiments, the materno-fetal transplacental passage of Rho123 did not meet the criteria of the first-order pharmacokinetics, suggesting an involvement of transporter-mediated process. Inhibitors of P-gp, such as [3′-keto-Bmt<sup>1</sup>]-[Val<sup>2</sup>]-cyclosporine (PSC833), cyclosporine (CsA), quinidine, and chlorpromazine, increased significantly the materno-fetal transplacental passage of Rho123 in the experiments under steady-state conditions. On the other hand, PSC833, CsA, and quinidine decreased the feto-maternal passage of Rho123. Similarly, in the experiments carried out under nonsteady-state conditions, CsA accelerated the passage of Rho123 in the materno-fetal direction and decreased its passage in the opposite direction. Feto-maternal transplacental clearances of Rho123 were found to be considerably higher than those in the materno-fetal course. Potent P-gp inhibitors, such as PSC833 or CsA, partially canceled the asymmetry. Negligible metabolism of Rho123 into its major demethylated metabolite rhodamine 110 was observed in the rat placenta. Expression of P-gp genes was detected using immunohistochemical, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods preferentially in the second rat syncytiotrophoblast layer. In conclusion, these data suggest that P-gp limits the entry of Rho123 into fetuses and at the same time it accelerates the feto-maternal elimination of the model compound. Therefore, it seems plausible that pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics in the rat placental barrier could be controlled by P-gp in both directions.
Gout, Steatorrhoea, and Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: J. G. Lewis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

Liability to gout is a frequent feature of poly- cythaemia vera, myeloid leukaemia, and myeloid metaplas~a (Hickling, 1953), and is a well-recognized though less common event in Addisonian anaemia.Of greater rarity is the association of gout with the anaemia arising from non-tropical sprue.In a comprehensive review, Talbott (1959) found only two examples.The following is a third.
614 THE C-FLIP-NH2 TERMINUS (P22-FLIP) INHIBITS THE REPLICATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) THROUGH THE INTERACTION WITH HBV X PROTEIN
Authors: S.Y. Kwon, K.-H. Kim, Y.K. Park, W.H. Choe, C.H. Lee, O.S. Kwon, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Clinical Use of I.C.I. 50172 as an Antidysrhythmic Agent in Heart Failure
Authors: D. G. Gibson, R. Balcon, E. Sowton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

I.C.I. 50172 was used to slow the ventricular rate when conventional treatment had failed in 19 patients. All were either in congestive cardiac failure or in the immediate postoperative period following valve replacement. The ventricular rate was controlled in seven out of eight patients with atrial fibrillation, in six out of nine patients with supraventricular tachycardia, and in two patients with sinus rhythm. Important side-effects were not seen.
Sexual Issues in Marriage: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The title promises a careful consideration of an important area. It fails to deliver. The problem is inherent in the nature of this book—it is an anthology of articles and commentaries from a well-known but not strictly professional publication,<i>Sexual Behavior</i>. It is also one of a growing number of anthologies making selections from already published works, with little selectivity or thoughtful care going into their organization. Although including some well-known names, the work is essentially slight. An article on "Sex in Five Types of Marriage" take seven pages—one could scarcely delineate five types of marriage with such brevity, let alone say something valuable about sex as related to each. A number of attitudes seep through the pages, such as male chauvinism: it is up to the woman to make the changes, keep herself sexually appealing, etc. A second attitude relates to the subtle promotion of a sense of despair
1098 LIVER REGENERATION WITH CONCOMITANT BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELL THERAPY TO TREAT LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: H.W. Verspaget, E.S.M. de Jonge-Muller, B.-J.F. de Rooij, M. Duijvestein, M.J. Coenraad, D.W. Hommes, B. van Hoek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
New human papillomavirus (HPV) types involved in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) in 3 HIV-infected patients: Response to topical cidofovir
Authors: Esteve Darwich, Laila Darwich, Mari P. Cañadas, Joellen Klaustermeier, Guadalupe Ercilla, Mercè Alsina-Gibert, José M. Mascaró
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Manifest and Concealed Reentry
Authors: JOHN J. GALLAGHER, ANTHONY N. DAMATO, P. JACOB VARGHESE, SUN H. LAU
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In five patients, bundle of His electrograms were recorded during right ventricular pacing at various cycle lengths. In all patients, as the cycle length of stimulation was decreased, the pattern of retrograde conduction proceeded from 1:1 retrograde conduction to retrograde Wenckebach with or without manifest reentry, to retrograde Wenckebach cycles with concealed reentry. The requisite condition for reentry was a critical retrograde A-V nodal delay. During retrograde Wenckebach cycles, reentry could be either concealed or manifest. Concealed reentry resulted in typical or ordinary Wenckebach cycles on the surface electrocardiogram and manifest reentry resulted in ventricular echo beats. Depending upon the cycle length of stimulation, reentry could be concealed on the surface electrocardiogram but manifest on the His bundle electrogram recording. Concealed reentry could be manifest by turning off the stimulator at the appropriate time in the cardiac cycle while manifest reentry could be concealed by changing the cycle length of stimulation. Reentry with collision of wavefronts within the A-V node or proximal His-Purkinje conduction system explains why the last ventricular impulse is not conducted to the atria during ordinary Wenckebach cycles.
What Is Placebo?
Authors: Arthur K. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Collins' criticism of my definition of placebo is somewhat tangential to the main emphasis of my paper, which was on the etiological factors in the placebo effect and not on the definition. The basis for my definition was discussed extensively in another paper referred to in the article.<sup>1</sup> Dr. Collins avoids the problem of proposing a formal definition. His<i>implied</i>definition seems to be: "A placebo is what a somebody does to a somebody" which is thought by the latter to be helpful. This definition has several shortcomings: negative placebo effects, which may arise when the patient thinks the doctor is<i>not</i>helping, cannot be included in his definition. I agree with Dr. Collins that the placebo should refer to therapies and that physician and patient, or their cultural and symbolic representatives, are essential to the definition. But a definition should include more than this
The Effect of Antilymphocyte Induction Therapy on Renal Allograft Survival
Authors: Lynda Anne Szczech
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Purpose: Randomized, controlled trials have not shown that the perioperative use of antilymphocyte antibodies (induction therapy) improves survival of cadaveric kidney allografts. This study combined individual patient-level data from published trials to examine the effect of induction therapy on allograft survival. Data Sources: Randomized, controlled trials identified from MEDLINE. Study Selection: Published trials that compared adult recipients of cadaveric renal allografts who did and did not receive antilymphocyte antibodies in the perioperative period were selected if individual patient-level data were available. Data Extraction and Analysis: Individual patient-level data were collected for each of 628 study patients. Multi-variable Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate the effect of induction therapy on allograft survival. Results: The adjusted rate ratio for allograft failure with induction therapy compared with conventional therapy was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.90) (P = 0.012) over 2 years and 0.82 (CI, 0.62 to 1.09) (P = 0.17) over 5 years. The effect of induction therapy on allograft survival diminished over time; no benefit overall was seen after 2 years after transplantation (rate ratio, 1.13 [CI, 0.72 to 1.78]) (P > 0.02). Greater HLA-DR mismatch, delayed allograft function, diabetes mellitus in the recipient, African-American ethnicity of the recipient, and presensitization (panel-reactive antibody levels ≥ 20%) were significantly associated with allograft failure at 5 years. Among high-risk patients, only those who were presensitized benefited from induction therapy at 2 years (rate ratio, 0.12 [CI, 0.03 to 0.44]) (P = 0.001). Results were similar at 5 years. Conclusions: Using individual-level data, this study showed a benefit of induction therapy at 2 years, particularly among presensitized patients. Although the benefit of this therapy subsequently waned, presensitized patients continued to have benefit at 5 years.
Th1 and Th2 mediate acute graft-versus-host disease, each with distinct end-organ targets
Authors: Boris Nikolic, Seika Lee, Roderick T. Bronson, Michael J. Grusby, Megan Sykes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

STAT4 and STAT6 are transcription factors that play crucial roles in responding to IL-12 and IL-4, respectively. STAT4 gene knockout (STAT4–/–) mice have markedly reduced Th1 responses and enhanced Th2 responses. STAT6–/– mice show the inverse phenotype. We compared the ability of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with the inclusion of spleen cells from STAT6–/–, STAT4–/–, and wild-type (WT) mice to produce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in lethally irradiated MHC-mismatched recipients. Acute GVHD mortality was more rapid when induced by cells from STAT6–/– mice than when induced by STAT4–/– cells. However, cells from STAT4–/– and STAT6–/– donors both induced delayed GVHD mortality compared with WT controls, or compared with combined STAT4–/– and STAT6–/– cells, indicating a contribution of both Th1 cells and Th2 cells to acute GVHD. Recipients of STAT6–/– BMT showed evidence of acute GVHD with severe diarrhea and marked weight loss. Recipients of STAT4–/– BMT showed signs of GVHD with only initial transient weight loss and later development of severe skin GVHD. Histopathology showed that Th2 responses were required for the induction of both hepatic and severe skin GVHD. In contrast, both Th1 cells and Th2 cells were capable of causing intestinal pathology of GVHD. Our studies demonstrate an additive role for Th1 and Th2 cells in producing acute GVHD, and suggest a cytokine-directed approach to treating end-organ manifestations of GVHD.
Abstract LB-330: Four individually druggable Met hotspots mediate HGF-driven tumor progression
Authors: Anna Hultberg, Cristina Basilico, Cristophe Blanchetot, Natalie D. Jonge, Valérie Hanssens, Gitte D. Boeck, Alessia Mira, Manuela Cazzanti, Virginia Morello, Torsten Dreier, Michael Saunders, Hans D. Haard, Paolo Michieli
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Activation of Met by HGF plays a key role in tumor progression. Using a newly developed llama platform generating human-like immunoglobulins, we selected 68 different antibodies that competed with HGF for binding to Met. HGF-competing antibodies recognized four hotspots localized in different domains of Met. One hotspot coincides with the previously identified HGF β-chain binding site on blades 2-3 of the SEMA β-propeller. Two hotspots lie within SEMA blade 5 and IPT domains 2-3, respectively, where the HGF α-chain is thought to bind. The last hotspot identifies a new region across the PSI-IPT 1 domains. Individual or combined targeting of these hotspots effectively interrupted HGF-Met signaling in multiple biochemical and biological assays. Selected antibodies directed against SEMA blades 2-3 and the PSI-IPT 1 region inhibited brain invasion and prolonged survival in a glioblastoma multiforme model, prevented metastatic disease following neo-adjuvant therapy in a triple-negative mammary carcinoma model, and suppressed cancer cell dissemination to the liver in a KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer model. These results identify multiple regions of Met responsible for HGF-mediated tumor progression, unraveling the complexity of HGF-Met interaction and providing new molecular tools for targeting Met activity in cancer. Citation Format: Anna Hultberg, Cristina Basilico, Cristophe Blanchetot, Natalie De Jonge, Valérie Hanssens, Gitte De Boeck, Alessia Mira, Manuela Cazzanti, Virginia Morello, Torsten Dreier, Michael Saunders, Hans De Haard, Paolo Michieli. Four individually druggable Met hotspots mediate HGF-driven tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-330
A comparison of pulmonary function in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis
Authors: K. N. V. Palmer, M. L. Diament
Journal: Thorax (1970)

This study examines the early effects of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha- pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i in primary cultures of fetal rat hypothalamic neurons. Microspectrofluorimetry of fluorescent Ca2+(-)sensitive indicator Fura-2 was used to quantify these changes. Allopregnanolone (1 pM to 100 nM) increased [Ca2+]i within 2–3 sec, in a dose dependent manner, with an EC50 of 10 +/- 4 nM. The stimulatory effect of allopregnanolone was attributable principally to a Ca2+ influx, as shown by the strong inhibition of external Ca2+ removal or by the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. The effect was stereospecific because the allopregnanolone isomer 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20- one had no effect on [Ca2+]i. Among two other steroids examined, progesterone had no effect on [Ca2+]i, but 17 beta-estradiol evoked a rise in [Ca2+]i, although to a lesser extent than allopregnanolone. The allopregnanolone-induced [Ca2+]i rise was inhibited by picrotoxin and bicuculline but was unaffected by tetrodotoxin or by pretreatment of neurons with pertussis toxin. These results are consistent with a membrane site of action for allopregnanolone associated with GABAA receptors, leading to rapid changes in [Ca2+]i in fetal rat hypothalamic neurons.
Queuing in Canada-Reply
Authors: Steven Katz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —The letters by Drs Berger and Surman illustrate that queues for medical care elicit strong emotional reactions from physicians. While the clinical impact of queues on patients are unknown, the professional impact on physicians is clearer: external constraints limit the volume of services we can provide. The rapid growth of health care costs in this country provides little evidence that physicians can set limits. In response, every other country has controlled medical care costs through the imposition of global budgetary limits on health care spending. To the extent that these countries recognize that health care competes with other societal needs for scarce resources, this process is indeed socialized   In Canada, a single payer provides a strong counterforce of fiscal restraint to the naturally expansive tendencies of fee-for-service medicine. At the interface of this political tension are rancorous public debates over limits on physician fees, expenditure caps, restrictions
The beefburger injury: a retrospective survey
Authors: V S Jigjinni, J Stevenson, A F S Flemming
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Injuries to the hand in the home are common and form a substantial proportion of hand injuries seen in accident departments.1 2 3 Two of us (AFSF and JS) recognised an increasing number of cases of a characteristic and preventable injury, caused by the person trying to separate stacked frozen food items with a sharp knife. We therefore reviewed the case notes of patients at three hospitals and also examined the Department of Trade's home accident surveillance system database for similar injuries.

Between February 1992 and July 1995 we identified 27 patients at four hospitals (Sunderland District General; Shotley Bridge; Withington, Manchester; and St Andrew's, Billericay). Cases were identified by alerted surgeons and by a review …
High-Pressure Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: C. W. Lillehei, M. J. Levy, P. Adams, R. C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Forty patients with preoperative systolic pulmonary pressures exceeding 80 mm Hg were analyzed by recatheterization four months to five years postoperatively. Thirty-two were found to be asymptomatic. Improvement in heart size and pulmonary vascular markings were noted, as well as reduction of pulmonary hypertension. In 39 patients reduction of pulmonary flow to normal value occurred. Total pulmonary resistance fell 30%. In five of six patients undergoing repeated postoperative catheterization over an eight-year period, progressive improvement of hemodynamic measurements was noted. Of the 40 patients having transatrial closure of highpressure defects, 39 (91%) survived. The value of an aggressive surgical approach to high-pressure high-resistance ventricular septal defects is emphasized.
The effect of platelet lysate supplementation of a dextran-based hydrogel on cartilage formation
Authors: Liliana S. Moreira Teixeira, Jeroen C.H. Leijten, Jos W.H. Wennink, Anindita G. Chatterjea, Jan Feijen, Clemens A. van Blitterswijk, Pieter J. Dijkstra, Marcel Karperien
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Catheter Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Frédéric Anselme, Arnaud Savouré, Alain Cribier, Nadir Saoudi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Complete bidirectional isthmus conduction block (CBIB) was initially assessed by sequential detailed activation mapping at both sides of the ablation line during proximal coronary sinus and anteroinferior right atrium pacing. Mapping only the ablation line (“on-site” atrial potential analysis) was recently reported as a means of CBIB identification. The study was designed to compare these 2 techniques prospectively regarding the diagnosis of CBIB. Methods and Results —In 76 consecutive patients (mean age, 63.4±10.5 years), typical atrial flutter ablation was performed using either the activation mapping technique (group I) or on-site atrial potential analysis (group II). Criteria for CBIB using on-site atrial potential analysis was the recording of parallel, widely spaced double atrial potentials along the ablation line. The CBIB criterion was retrospectively searched using the alternative technique at the end of the procedure. In successful patients, the mean radiofrequency delivery duration was longer in group II (845±776 versus 534±363 s; P =0.03). On-site, clear-cut, widely spaced double atrial potentials and activation mapping suggesting CBIB were concomitantly observed in only 47 patients (54%), and ambiguous/atypical double potentials were recorded in 31 patients (39%). Conclusions —Although feasible, the on-site atrial potential analysis seemed to be inferior to the classic activation mapping technique, mainly because of the ambiguity of electrogram interpretation along the ablation line. However, when combined with the activation mapping technique, it provided additional information regarding isthmus conduction properties in some cases. Therefore, optimally, both methods should be used concomitantly.
The role for autophagy in cancer
Authors: Eileen White
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Autophagy is a survival-promoting pathway that captures, degrades, and recycles intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. Autophagy preserves organelle function, prevents the toxic buildup of cellular waste products, and provides substrates to sustain metabolism in starvation. Although in some contexts autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis, in most contexts autophagy facilitates tumorigenesis. Cancers can upregulate autophagy to survive microenvironmental stress and to increase growth and aggressiveness. Mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cancer include suppressing induction of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and maintaining metabolic function of mitochondria. Efforts to inhibit autophagy to improve cancer therapy have thereby attracted great interest.