tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung volume reduction surgery: what can we learn from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial?: Fig. 1.—
Authors: E.W. Russi, K.E. Bloch, W. Weder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Many well-known mutual fund companies as well as mutual fund rating services such as Morningstar have recently reported "capture ratios" to help investors evaluate mutual fund performance. These ratios give investors a sense of how a fund has performed in certain market conditions. For example, there is an "upside market capture ratio" that shows a mutual fund's past performance in up-markets. Similarly, there is a "downside market capture ratio" which provides the fund's past performance in down-markets. In this article we use mutual fund data from 1990–2019 to analyze these capture ratios and examine how well they predict future fund performance. We find evidence that capture ratios are quite overrated. First, they do not seem to "capture" manager ability but rather just the beta of the portfolio. Second, when we use a measure of manager skill created by combining capture ratios, we find that this measure of skill is actually negatively and significantly related to future fund performance over periods longer than one year. Based on our results, investors should be cautious when using capture ratios to measure or predict performance. <b>TOPICS:</b>Equity portfolio management, performance measurement, manager selection <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ This article finds that the relationship between the capture ratios and beta is significantly and strongly positive. This suggests that those using capture ratios as evidence of manager skill may be misattributing performance. ▪ This article also finds that the skill measure, which is the difference between a fund's upside and downside capture ratios, is significantly and negatively related to three-year and five-year out-of-sample alpha. This suggests that longer-term investors do not benefit from investing in funds with higher skill. ▪ The results presented in this article suggest that mutual fund companies should be cautious when touting their capture ratios as evidence of manager skill, and investors should be cautious not to misinterpret the capture ratios as evidence of manager skill.
Effects of selective coronary hypotension and nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040 on the distribution of Rb86 clearance in the canine heart
Authors: M. NAKAMURA, Y. ETOH, N. HAMANAKA, A. KUROIWA, H. TOMOIKE, Y. ISHIHARA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The effects were investigated of acute selective coronary hypotension with or without nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040 on regional distribution of Rb86 clearance. When the left circumflex coronary artery was partially obstructed and its mean pressure was reduced below 50-60 mm Hg, Rb86 clearance of the left ventricle, especially of the subendocardium, decreased. In these conditions, nitroglycerin recovered partially to normal distribution of Rb86 clearance without altering total coronary flow and Bay a 1040 did not recover the disproportionate distribution but increased Rb86 clearance of non-ischaemic myocardium, especially of the subepicardium of the left ventricle. The effects of selective coronary hypotension, with or without nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040, on regional distribution of myocardial blood flow of the right ventricle were different from those of the left ventricle.
Dietary selenium: time to act
Authors: M. P Rayman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

# Dietary selenium: time to act {#article-title-2}

The essential trace element, selenium, which we largely obtain from bread and cereals, fish, poultry, and meat, plays a vital part in many metabolic functions. While new research increasingly suggests its relevance to disease prevention, evidence that dietary intake is falling in some parts of the world is giving cause for concern.

Selenium is a key component of a number of functional selenoproteins required for normal health. The best known of these are the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which remove hydrogen peroxide and damaging lipid and phospholipid hydroperoxides generated in vivo by free radicals and other oxygen derived species. If not removed, lipid hydroperoxides impair membrane structure and function1 and cause blood clotting disturbances by decreasing the production of prostacyclin while increasing the production of thromboxane.2 Furthermore, lipid hydroperoxides are not stable end products but, in the presence of transition metal ions, can decompose to give further reactive free radicals and cytotoxic aldehydes.3 Such secondary products may initiate more lipid peroxidation, promote atherosclerosis, damage DNA, and metabolically activate carcinogens.3

Selenium also plays an important role in the control of thyroid hormone metabolism. The iodothyronine deiodinases, which are responsible for the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to its active form, triiodothyronine (T3), are selenoenzymes.4 Selenium deficiency may cause reduced growth rates owing to a feedback response which …
Green Tea Consumption and Mortality in Japan—Reply
Authors: Shinichi Kuriyama, Yoshikazu Nishino, Yoshitaka Tsubono, Ichiro Tsuji
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eligibility for home treatment of deep vein thrombosis: prospective study
Authors: T. Schwarz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Low molecular weight heparin is safe and effective for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.1 We have recently shown in a randomised study that immobilisation is not necessary.2 The results challenge the traditional notion that these patients must be treated in hospital. For selected patients, outpatient treatment has been shown to be safe and effective. 3 4 We determined the proportion of patients who still require admission to hospital and why.

Between 1 November 1998 and 15 August 1999 all patients presenting to the vascular diagnostics unit of the University Hospital Dresden, Germany, as outpatients with acute deep vein thrombosis in the leg were prospectively evaluated regarding eligibilty for home treatment. We defined acute deep vein thrombosis as non-compressible deep veins on ultrasonography (UM9 …
SP0047 Novel Learning through the Eular Online Courses in Rheumatology
Authors: E. Hachulla
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Education is one of the major duties of EULAR. Initial training, continuing education on rheumatic diseases and more specific training on particular aspects of the rheumatic domain are now well covered by the EULAR online courses. Launched 8 years ago, the course on Rheumatic Diseases has attracted more than 2,500 students, to follow the course, from all over the world and from all the continents (http://www.eular-onlinecourse.org/). This course covers, in 42 modules; over a 2-year period, all majors aspects of the Rheumatic Diseases, from RA, SLE, Vasculitis to Crystal Arthropathies, and Septic Arthrities, Fibromyalgia etc. The success of the course is based on its quality. More than 120 faculty members, all experts in their field, participate to the material presented on this course. A Head of Project, coordinators, the EULAR Executive Secretariat for logistic and administrative matters, convenors, an educationalist and a webmaster are the permanent members of the team that provides for the perfect day to day functioning of the course. The components of the course are as follows: – An <i>update/review</i> on the topic (approx.10,000 to 15,000 words) with learning objectives, pictures for illustration in the text and 10 key references. – Two additional <i>in-depth discussions</i> (max. 2,500 words) expanding on selected clinical problems, with an evidence-based discussion. – Two <i>interactive typical clinical cases</i> with questions and prepared answers for feedback. – <i>Assessment questions:</i> one set of questions addressing core aspects of the module, adding up to 20 marks (1 mark =1 correct choice from a set of possible choices). – <i>Online questions to the faculty</i>. – <i>Final examination</i> online. Beside the online course on Rheumatic Diseases, other different courses are running or are in the pipeline. The online course on Connective Tissue Diseases is a part of the whole course on Rheumatic Diseases and can be done over a one year-period. The EULAR online course on Scleroderma has 10 dense modules covering all aspects of the disease. More than 50 different <i>EUSTAR</i> members have participated on this task. <i>Two other courses are being built and should be launched:</i> the EULAR On-Line Course in Paediatric Rheumatology next September and the EULAR On-Line Course for Health Professionals in September 2015. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6306
HIGH LEVELS OF ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYL-ARGININE (ADMA) AND INCREASED RESIDUAL PLATELET REACTIVITY AFTER CLOPIDOGREL ADMINISTRATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CORONARY STENTING
Authors: Annunziata Nusca, Giacomo Di Giovanni, Laura Gatto, Giuseppe Patti, Fabrizio Battistoni, Andrea D'Ambrosio, Giordano Dicuonzo, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Renovascular Hypertension and Azotemia
Authors: Harriet P. Dustan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The article by Ying et al.1 in this issue is appropriately published in 1984 — the 50th anniversary of Goldblatt's historic description of experimental renal hypertension.2 This discovery was shortly followed by several descriptions of the renal pressor system3 , 4 and by an enthusiastic search for a clinical counterpart of the experimental form. Except for a report on one patient who had an occluded renal artery and who became normotensive after nephrectomy,5 the search was initially fruitless. This was because no techniques were available for visualizing renal arterial lesions, for repairing them if found, or for measuring any component of the . . .
Virilizing Adrenal Adenoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Phillip D. K. Lee, Orville C. Green
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Kamilaris et al<sup>1</sup>presented a case of a virilizing adrenal adenoma associated with an elevated testosterone level occurring in a 15-year-old girl. According to the authors, this represents the second youngest patient with a testosterone-secreting adrenocortical adenoma. We have reported elevated levels of testosterone in eight pediatric patients with virilizing adrenocortical tumors,<sup>2</sup>and our review of the literature revealed several previous reports. Cacciari et al<sup>3</sup>subsequently have reported nine similar cases. In fact, virilizing adrenocortical tumors in children are almost invariably associated with elevated testosterone levels, and measurement of this hormone may provide an important diagnostic and therapeutic marker. As noted by Kamilaris et al and others,<sup>4</sup>urinary 17-ketosteroid levels, as measured by the Drekter method, are variable in this situation. We found elevated urinary 17-ketosteroid levels in all eight of our patients by using a modification
The Use of Purified Clotting Factor Concentrates in Hemophilia
Authors: Glenn F. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Treatment of hemophilia, although greatly improved in recent years, continues to be problematic owing to infectious complications of blood product replacement therapy. This report examines the therapeutic options presently available for the treatment of hemophilia, focusing on the potential for repeated viral exposure to influence the progression of infectious disease, decreased risks of viral transmission with blood products produced using newer viral inactivation procedures, higher economic costs of newer blood products, and the current inadequate supply of blood products in the United States.
Incidence of Suicides Among Physicians
Authors: Louis B. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The weekly lists of deaths inThe Journalreveal a continuing high rate of suicide among physicians, many examples occurring at younger ages. Almost invariably there are two or more in the weekly lists. In the current issue of Nov 1, three deaths are recorded at ages 26, 31, and 58. British mortality statistics have pointed up this high rate for more than 50 years, and in the United States a high incidence has been stressed (<i>New Eng J Med</i><b>268</b>:1278, 1963) among physicians, dentists, and attorneys. Among physicians generally, the highest segment involved is among psychiatrists. Are there valid explanations for this phenomenon?
Role of hMOF-Dependent Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation in the Maintenance of <i>TMS1/ASC</i> Gene Activity
Authors: Priya Kapoor-Vazirani, Jacob D. Kagey, Doris R. Powell, Paula M. Vertino
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in human cancers is associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region CpG islands and local alterations in histone modifications. However, the mechanisms that drive these events remain unclear. Here, we establish an important role for histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) and the histone acetyltransferase hMOF in the regulation of TMS1/ASC, a proapoptotic gene that undergoes epigenetic silencing in human cancers. In the unmethylated and active state, the TMS1 CpG island is spanned by positioned nucleosomes and marked by histone H3K4 methylation. H4K16Ac was uniquely localized to two sharp peaks that flanked the unmethylated CpG island and corresponded to strongly positioned nucleosomes. Aberrant methylation and silencing of TMS1 was accompanied by loss of the H4K16Ac peaks, loss of nucleosome positioning, hypomethylation of H3K4, and hypermethylation of H3K9. In addition, a single peak of histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation was observed near the transcription start site. Down-regulation of hMOF or another component of the MSL complex resulted in a gene-specific decrease in H4K16Ac, loss of nucleosome positioning, and silencing of TMS1. Gene silencing induced by H4K16 deacetylation occurred independently of changes in histone methylation and DNA methylation and was reversed on hMOF reexpression. These results indicate that the selective marking of nucleosomes flanking the CpG island by hMOF is required to maintain TMS1 gene activity and suggest that the loss of H4K16Ac, mobilization of nucleosomes, and transcriptional down-regulation may be important events in the epigenetic silencing of certain tumor suppressor genes in cancer.
Disability and not osteoarthritis predicts cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: T A Hoeven, M J G Leening, P J Bindels, M Castaño-Betancourt, J B van Meurs, O H Franco, M Kavousi, A Hofman, M A Ikram, J C M Witteman, S M Bierma-Zeinstra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous studies found an association between osteoarthritis (OA) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and therefore suggested intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in OA patients. However, prospective population-based data is lacking. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the association between OA and CVD longitudinally in a general population and examine the role of disability in this association. <h3>Methods</h3> This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands that started in 1989. At baseline 4648 persons aged ≥55, free of CVD were classified into those with and those without radiographic or clinical OA. HRs adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors for developing CVD (a composite of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease and stroke) were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> During a median follow-up of 14.4 years, 1230 cardiovascular events occurred, of which 101 were in participants with clinical OA. Presence of radiographic OA at baseline was not related to future CVD (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.15), neither was presence of clinical OA (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.34). However, persons with increasing disability were more likely to suffer a cardiovascular event compared with non-disabled persons (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.42); this was independent of the presence of OA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large population-based study, participants with OA were not at increased risk of CVD. The close relation between disability and osteoarthritis may explain previous findings. Further studies are required in order to clarify whether OA patients need more intensive treatment of their cardiovascular risk factors.
Doctors' pay review
Authors: R. Jaffe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The therapeutic effects and metabolism of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease require intracellular accumulation of the drug in intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The molecular mechanisms of mesalazine uptake into cells have not been characterized so far. Using human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing uptake transporters of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) family, which are expressed in human intestine and/or liver, we found that mesalazine uptake is mediated by OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 but not by OATP1A2 and OATP4A1. Moreover, genetic variations (*<i>1b</i>, *<i>5</i>, *<i>15</i>) in the <i>SLCO1B1</i> gene encoding OATP1B1 reduced the <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> value for mesalazine uptake from 55.1 to 16.3, 24.3, and 32.4 μM, respectively, and the respective <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> values. Finally, budesonide, cyclosporine, and rifampin were identified as inhibitors of OATP1B1-, OATP1B3-, and OATP2B1-meditated mesalazine uptake. These in vitro data indicate that OATP-mediated uptake and its modification by genetic factors and comedications may play a role for mesalazine effects.
ON ABSORPTION OF STRYCHNINE AND HYDROCYANIC ACID FROM THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE STOMACH.—AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RABBITS
Authors: S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1896)

iT has always been, and still seems to be, the prevailing opinioa that the stomach is capable of absorbing soluble and diffusible substances, and there seemed, indeed, to be no reason to suppose that the mucous membrane of the stomach should with regard to absorption be inferior to any other mucous membrane.Recent investigations, however, have brought to light some new facts with regard to the power of absorption of the stomach, the most striking of which is surely the unexpected result that the stomach does not absorb any water.Edkins t introduced into the stomach of cats, after the ligation of cardia and pylorus, a measured quantity of salt solution, and recovered after an hour exactly the same quantity again.Von Mering,~: who experimented on dogs with a duodenal fistula, found that a larger quantity of water came out through the fistula than the dogs had taken by the mouth.As my experiments have reference mainly to the absorption of strychnine and of hydrocyanic acid, I shall restrict my references to literature to those having direct bearing upon this subject.As far as I can ascertain,
THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE PATELLA.
Authors: JOSEPH RANSOHOFF
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This theme certainly lacks the element of novelty, since Barton gave the impulse toward its solution by operation, in 1834. Nor is there any dearth of numerical data to shed light on it. Seven years after the report of the first successful cases of the antiseptic period by Cameron and Lister, Jalaguier, in 1884, was already enabled to collect ninety-four cases of patellar suture with five deaths from infection, not to mention a few disasters like ankylosis, amputation, etc. Eight years ago Powers collected over seven hundred additional cases from literature and from personal reports. The surgeon who is fond of figures, can find few richer fields for statistical deduction than is afforded by the enormous literature at his command. The harvest may be rich. I gladly leave it to another, for farming of this sort is little to my taste.  The fact that the entire question is brought before
EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS DUE TO DIETHYLSTILBESTROL
Authors: Lyman A. Kasselberg
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Exfoliative dermatitis has been known to occur as a result of practically all types of medication; it is therefore to be expected that one should eventually encounter this dreaded reaction as a result of diethylstilbestrol therapy. Numerous toxic reactions to this drug have been reported. A number of these have been cutaneous.<sup>1</sup>Some have been severe and alarming.<sup>2</sup>However, in a careful search of the literature I have found no cases recorded of exfoliative dermatitis due to diethylstilbestrol. Because of the rarity and serious nature of this condition, I feel that this case is worthy of a report. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> F. C., a woman aged 51, seen May 16, 1942, complained of hot flashes, nervousness and insomnia. These symptoms had become progressively worse for the past several years. The menses had been irregular for about three years and had ceased entirely six months before the patient was
An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.
Authors: S N Yin, R B Hayes, M S Linet, G L Li, M Dosemeci, L B Travis, Z N Zhang, D G Li, W H Chow, S Wacholder, W J Blot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

An expanded cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers were followed during 1972 to 1987, based on a previous study in 12 cities in China. A small increase was observed in total cancer mortality among benzene-exposed compared with unexposed workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.2). Statistically significant excesses were noted for leukemia (RR = 2.3), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5), and lung cancer (RR = 1.4). When risks were evaluated by leukemia subtype, only acute myelogenous leukemia was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (RR = 2.6) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 2.3). A significant excess was also found for aplastic anemia.