tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RADIUM TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: G. I. Strachan
Journal: BMJ (1925)

Of 114 inoperable cases, 15 appear to be without any recurrences, the longest being three and a half years and the shortest one year.This equals 13.2 per cent.; 12.4 per cent.were greatly benefited.*Of 67 borderline cases, 24 are still living, the time since the beginning of treatment varying from one year to three and a half years-making 35.8 per cent.; 35.8 per cent.were greatly benefited.Of 24 operable cases, 11 (45.8 per cent.) are st;ill living without any sign of recurrences, for times varying from one to tlhree and a half years.In another 25 per cent.the disease disappeared locally.The statistics published by the Radiumiii Institute of Brussels are roughly as follows:Operable Cases.-Of 14 operable cases treated by radiotlherapeuitic metlhods, 73 per cent.were living and free from signs of growth at the end of one year or more.Bordcrline Cases.-Of 24doubtful cases, 12 were free from any signs of growth after one year or more-making 50 per cent.Inoperable Cases.-Of 24inoperable cases, 8 per cent.were living and free from any sign of growth after one year or more.The figures from the Radiumhemmet, Stockllolm, are:Of the 181 inoperable cases treated, 16.6 per cent.were well after five years.Of the 36 operable and borderline cases, 40.5 per cent.were well at the end of five years.
P153 Stratifying Pneumonic Episodes And Acute Exacerbations In Copd Patients - A Continuum Or Discrete Phenomena?
Authors: N. Williams, K. Ostridge, V. Kim, A. Barton, M. Wojtas, S. Harden, E. Aris, M. Peeters, J. Devaster, S. Bourne, T. Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are characterised by an acute worsening of symptoms beyond the normal day-to-day variability. Pneumonic episodes, confirmed by new chest X-ray (CXR) infiltrates, are common in patients with COPD but are difficult to distinguish in primary care from non-pneumonic exacerbations. It is uncertain whether AECOPD and pneumonic episodes in COPD patients are distinct clinical events in terms of aetiology and/or response to oral therapy. We performed a longitudinal study to characterise these events and to determine clinically meaningful differences associated with CXR changes in the outpatient setting. <h3>Methods</h3> The Acute Exacerbation and Respiratory Infections in COPD (AERIS) study is a longitudinal epidemiological study to assess how changes in the COPD airway microbiome contribute to the incidence and severity of AECOPD. Patients with moderate to very severe COPD aged 40–85 years were followed monthly for 2 years, and reviewed within 72 h of onset of symptoms of AECOPD. We compared markers of systemic and airway inflammation between pneumonic AECOPD characterised by new CXR infiltrates, and non-pneumonic AECOPD, in a sub-cohort of 36 patients. <h3>Results</h3> In the first year of study participation 122 exacerbations were recognised of which 120 had a CXR performed. Of these, 20 (16.7%, n = 12 patients) were identified as having new radiographic infiltrates. Statistically significant differences occurred in mean white blood cell count, blood neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and sputum percentage neutrophil count between those AECOPD with new CXR infiltrates and those without (Table 1). Furthermore, there was a trend towards more severe symptom scores with pneumonic episodes using the EXACT-PRO score (p = 0.057). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Pneumonic episodes are common in the context of clinical events presenting as outpatient AECOPD. The profile of airway and systemic inflammation is greater during these events than those without CXR changes. Understanding whether the biology and clinical course of these events is distinct from other exacerbations is key, particularly as patients are encouraged to self-manage based on symptom changes alone. Further study of the AERIS cohort will investigate links between aetiology, outcomes and prognostic markers at exacerbation including radiological and clinical indices.
Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Elizabeth M. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The United States has the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy in the industrialized world. Despite numerous social service and medical programs set up by the federal government, states, and private agencies, there has been no solution to this problem, which has multiple etiologies. In fact, few social issues have fostered so great a debate as has teenage pregnancy in America. However, according to Kristen Luker in<i>Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy</i>, those who are most outspoken often do not discuss the facts and are erroneous in their speculation. Luker tries to dispel the myths of why teenagers in the United States become pregnant and offers her own cogent ideas. <i>Dubious Conceptions</i>begins with a humanization of the problem of adolescent pregnancy by illustration, via an actual human story, of an adolescent with a child in day care. Luker frames the subsequent discussion by stating that the problem
Evaluation and Application of the RD <sub>50</sub> for Determining Acceptable Exposure Levels of Airborne Sensory Irritants for the General Public
Authors: Yu Kuwabara, George V. Alexeeff, Rachel Broadwin, Andrew G. Salmon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The RD(50) (exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease) test evaluates airborne chemicals for sensory irritation and has become an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard method. Past studies reported good correlations (R(2)) between RD(50)s and the occupational exposure limits, particularly threshold limit values (TLVs).
Circulating soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product inversely correlates with atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Giuseppina Basta, Daniela Leonardis, Francesca Mallamaci, Sebastiano Cutrupi, Patrizia Pizzini, Lorena Gaetano, Rocco Tripepi, Giovanni Tripepi, Raffaele De Caterina, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Steven A. Sahn
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PATIENTS who require mechanical ventilation will either be promptly weaned from the ventilator and the endotracheal tube or require more prolonged ventilatory assistance by means of a tracheostomy. Those who recover ventilatory capacity and effective pulmonary oxygen transport rapidly are better able to participate in procedures designed to promote their recovery and rehabilitation and therefore have the best prognosis. In these patients, the potential hazards of prolonged endotracheal intubation are usually avoided by early weaning.<sup>1</sup>Thus, it is imperative that the respiratory care physician constantly evaluate the need for continued ventilatory support and discontinue it and remove the artificial airway as soon as feasible. The time to consider weaning a patient from the ventilator is immediately after the respiratory emergency has been stabilized. Therefore, the original indications for ventilatory assistance, the overall clinical condition, and the physiologic resources of the patient must be continuously evaluated. <h3>PROPOSED CRITERIA FOR WEANING</h3>
Shared sacrifice. The AMA leadership response to the Health Security Act
Authors: J. T. Painter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In a February 1993JAMAEditorial, leaders of the American Medical Association (AMA) wrote: We stand at a watershed. The opportunity for physicians to do what is best for our patients in the public policy arena has never been better. Within our grasp is the chance to open the door to appropriate care for every child and adult, to see that every health dollar is invested in care that is right for every patient; to end outrageous administrative costs and wasteful paperwork; and to guarantee all patients the freedom to choose their own physician.1This statement sounds remarkably similar to the speech President Clinton made to Congress on September 22, 1993; the AMA has been calling for security, savings, simplicity, quality, choice, and responsibility since 1990 with the unveiling of its Health Access America2,3proposal. Yet in that same Editorial, AMA leaders wrote, But as our new president
Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured fibroblasts by hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: G.P. ROBERTS, K.G. HARDING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured fibroblasts by hyperbaric oxygen Get access G.P. ROBERTS, G.P. ROBERTS Wound Healing Research Unit, University of Wates College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.G. HARDING K.G. HARDING Wound Healing Research Unit, University of Wates College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 630–633, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04973.x Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Accepted: 15 March 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Haplotype Loss of HLA Class I Antigen as an Escape Mechanism from Immune Attack in Lung Cancer
Authors: Tetsuya So, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Makiko Mizukami, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Masakazu Sugaya, Takeshi Hanagiri, Kenji Sugio, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract One of tumor escape mechanisms from the host's immunosurveillance system (i.e., a haplotype loss of HLA class I antigens) has been detected in various tumor cells. We hypothesize that the majority of tumor cells with normal HLA class I expression were attacked and eradicated by CTLs, and only a minority with an abnormal expression of HLA class I antigens could escape the host's immunosurveillance system. Using HLA class I–transfected tumor variants as stimulators in A904L lung cancer cell line, which has a haplotype loss of HLA class I antigens, both the transfected HLA-A26 and HLA-B39–restricted CTL lines were induced from autologous lymphocytes. However, only one HLA-B39–restricted CTL clone (CTL G3b) was established, and it was then used to identify the antigen. SGT1B [suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 (SGT1), suppressor of kinetochore protein (SKP1)] was identified as the antigen recognized by CTL G3b. Further experiments using 13 subclones from a primary culture of A904L were found to confirm our above-mentioned hypothesis. Tumor cells with a normal HLA class I expression may thus be killed by CTL at an early stage of carcinogenesis, and only tumor cells with a haplotype loss of HLA class I antigens can escape an immune attack and develop into clinical cancer.
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) OF BREAST CANCER USING 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE (FDG)
Authors: E. E. Kim, B. T. Kim, T. P. Haynie, D. A. Podoloff, W. H. Wong, D. J. Yang, G. Hortobagyi, S. Singletary
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF ELECTRICITY.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1889)

It begins to dawn upon the medical mind that the field covered by electricity is larger than that comprised by any other curative agency. That this should occur long after the whole world was disposed to accept the discovery of electricity in a form applicable to medical treatment as one which was to revolutionize medical practice, is at the first glance strange, but is nevertheless susceptible of easy explanation. Electricity, known even to the ancients, had yet to wait until a time so modern as the end of the last century before a machine was devised to administer it even in the static form. Then, when men found themselves possessed of a force which they could for the first time generate and control, they naturally fell into confused notions about its being the vital force. Hence, when it is considered that the static form of electricity has comparatively little range
TCT-506 Predictors Of Carotid Clamping Intolerance During Carotid Artery Stenting With Proximal Embolic Protection Device. Results From An Italian Registry.
Authors: Giuseppe Giugliano, Eugenio Stabile, Anna Sannino, Linda Brevetti, Armando Pucciarelli, Grigore Popusoi, Tullio Tesorio, Angelo Cioppa, linda cota, Luigi Salemme, Vittorio Schiano, Antonio Sorropago, Giovanni Esposito, Paolo Rubino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Curative Properties of Noninternalizing Antibody–Drug Conjugates Based on Maytansinoids
Authors: Elena Perrino, Martina Steiner, Nikolaus Krall, Gonçalo J.L. Bernardes, Francesca Pretto, Giulio Casi, Dario Neri
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract It is generally thought that the anticancer efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) relies on their internalization by cancer cells. However, recent work on an ADC that targets fibronectin in the tumor microenvironment suggests this may not be necessary. The alternatively spliced extra domains A and B (EDA and EDB) of fibronectin offer appealing targets for ADC development, because the antigen is strongly expressed in many solid human tumors and nearly undetectable in normal tissues except for the female reproductive system. In this study, we describe the properties of a set of ADCs based on an antibody targeting the alternatively spliced EDA of fibronectin coupled to one of a set of potent cytotoxic drugs (DM1 or one of two duocarmycin derivatives). The DM1 conjugate SIP(F8)-SS-DM1 mediated potent antitumor activity in mice bearing DM1-sensitive F9 tumors but not DM1-insensitive CT26 tumors. Quantitative biodistribution studies and microscopic analyses confirmed a preferential accumulation of SIP(F8)-SS-DM1 in the subendothelial extracellular matrix of tumors, similar to the pattern observed for unmodified antibody. Notably, we found that treatments were well tolerated at efficacious doses that were fully curative and compatible with pharmaceutical development. Our findings offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for curative ADC targeting the tumor microenvironment that do not rely upon antigen internalization. Cancer Res; 74(9); 2569–78. ©2014 AACR.
Lipids in Blood Clotting
Authors: Aaron J. Marcus
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Although it has been known for many years that lipids and lipoproteins enhance the blood-coagulation process, research on the mechanism of this enhancement has only recently been prolific. This is mainly due to significant advances in lipid methodology since 1955, which have permitted a more detailed examination of the role of lipids in blood coagulation. The recent work, and the earlier historical aspects of the subject, have been summarized and discussed by Dr. Hecht in his timely volume. Many laboratories throughout the world have studied the properties of isolated lipids in in vitro coagulation systems. Dr. Hecht has presented much of this in convenient tabular form. Explanations for differing results, such as trace contamination of lipid samples, breakdown during storage, and degree of fatty acid unsaturation are mentioned. These critical comments will be helpful to those interested in research in this field. A major portion of the book is devoted
Structure of the NHS mirrors feudal society
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Feudalism under William the Conqueror may seem to have been a time of evil barons, brave knights, and downtrodden peasants, but in management terms it was a very model of the NHS.

At its heart was a complex system of subcontracting and delegation similar to that operating in today's health service, with knights instead of consultants, henchmen not senior house officers, and peasants rather than nurses.

King William I (reigned 1066-87) has been succeeded by the health secretary, Alan Milburn (1999-), and lesser barons have become …
Ureterovaginal Fistula Detected by Vaginogram
Authors: J. N. Macaluso
Journal: JAMA (1981)

URINARY tract fistula as a complication of various surgical procedures is a well-known entity.<sup>1-3</sup>The detection of a ureterovaginal fistula after radical Wertheim hysterectomy demonstrates the vaginogram as an aid in radiological evaluation and diagnosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old woman underwent a radical Wertheim hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix without apparent complication. The patient received 4,500 rad of pelvic irradiation postoperatively owing to lymphatic spread of the carcinoma. Shortly thereafter the patient began to experience a watery vaginal discharge. Initial evaluation by intravenous (IV) pyelogram was nondiagnostic (Fig 1). Both ureters were visualized to the ureterovesical junction without demonstration of any definite fistula. Cystourethroscopy did not disclose evidence of a fistula or other vesical abnormalities. Both ureteral orifices were easily identified, and clear efflux from the right one was demonstrated. However, efflux of urine from the left ureter could not be visualized, and attempts at left ureteral
Change in Federal Stem Cell Funding Policy Spurs Interest in Field
Authors: J. B. Finkelstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

T he recent action by the Obama administration to overturn restrictions on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research is expected to breathe new life into the field. The change in policy, which was made offi cial on March 9, lifted the ban on the use of federal funds for any research involving human embryonic stem cell lines established after August 9, 2001, when then-President George W. Bush announced an executive order creating the restrictions. A 1996 law still bans the use of federal funds in the destruction of a human embryo, a necessary step in creating such cell lines, but those created with private or state funding are now eligible to be used in federally funded projects. “At this moment, the full promise of stem cell research remains unknown, and it should not be overstated,” said President Barack Obama, announcing his executive order overturning Bush’s. “But scientists believe these tiny cells may have the potential to help us understand, and possibly cure, some of our most devastating diseases and conditions ... Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease, and others that affect millions of Americans and the people who love them.” The mention of cancer cheered many oncologists in particular. But more broadly, the change in policy is an enormous morale booster for many investigators, according to stakeholders across the nation, who say they have begun to see an uptick of interest among young scientists since the new president took offi ce in January. “The science itself has now been given a huge signal that this fi eld is open for business by the federal government, and so young people in particular who were steering away from this fi eld will now say, ‘Okay, no problem, I will be able to go into this fi eld and do my work because it won’t be a dead end, ’ ” said Susan Solomon, chief executive offi cer of the New York Stem Cell Foundation, which was established to raise private funding for stem cell research. On the West Coast, the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), the umbrella for that state’s substantial funding effort, is also seeing renewed interest among young scientists, said CIRM President Alan Trounson, Ph.D. “We get a lot of questions, people writing to us, ringing us up, asking how can they get into stem cell research,” he said. That is in stark contrast to the past 8 years, when the fi eld “had nobody going into it except for folks in California and a very small group of researchers elsewhere at elite institutions or ones that we could fi nd or fund,” Solomon said. “There were maybe 150 people or so in the East Room on Monday when a bunch of us were down there with the president for the signing,” she added. “If it had been a 500-person room, you would have had everybody who is doing any serious work with embryonic stem cells in that room.”
Aeropollinic sampling at three different heights by personal volumetric collector (Partrap FA 52)
Authors: A. Fiorina, M. Mincarini, M. Sivori, A. Scordamaglia, G.W. Canonica, L. Brichetto
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Aeropollinic sampling is usually performed by volumetric pollen traps located on the top of buildings at a height of 15-20 m. The present study aimed to determine whether pollen concentration is similar, at the same time, at different heights.Pollen concentrations were measured at the same time for 3 days each month (March-October 1997), with three Partrap FA 52 devices respectively located at 1.5, 5, and 15 m above the ground. A Burkard sampler was used as control at the 15-m level.No significant difference in either the total count or the single pollen counts was observed between the Partrap and Burkard samplers at 15 m. The total pollen count did not differ significantly between the Partrap at 1.5 m and 15 m (130+/-19 and 123+/-18, respectively), whereas the sampler at 5 m collected an amount of pollen (84+/-14) significantly lower than at 1.5 and 15 m (P<0.0001 and P<0.001, respectively). The amount of Urticaceae pollen was significantly higher at 1.5 m (97+/-17) than at 15m (80+/-12) and 5m (58+/-11); P<0.02 and P<0.001, respectively. Regarding grass pollen, the collector at 5 m captured significantly less pollen (4.5+/-0.8) than at 1.5m (9.5+/-1.3) and 15m (7.2+/-1.3) (P=0.002 and P=0.02, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the data obtained from samplers at 1.5 and 15 m. In addition, the Oleaceae, Cupressaceae, and Corylaceae pollen counts were significantly higher when collected at 15 than at 5 and 1.5 m.These data show that differences exist in pollen sampling performed at different heights.
Insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through phosphorylation of CREB-binding protein
Authors: Xiao Yan Zhou, Nobuyuki Shibusawa, Karuna Naik, Delia Porras, Karla Temple, Hesheng Ou, Kelly Kaihara, Michael W Roe, Matthew J Brady, Fredric E Wondisford
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)