tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“I'll never touch it again, doctor!” — harmful drinking after liver transplantation
Authors: Paul S. Haber, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Alcohol relapse can negatively influence the outcome after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of our study was to identify factors that could be associated with the recurrence of harmful alcohol consumption after LT.A total of 387 consecutive patients (23.8% women) who underwent LT for alcoholic cirrhosis in Geneva, Switzerland, and Lyon, France, between 1989 and 2005 were evaluated. Mean +/- SD age was 51.3 +/-7.5 years. Follow-up time was 61.2 +/- 47.5 months. Alcohol consumption relapse and potential factors associated with it were studied.The relapse rate of harmful alcohol consumption after LT was 11.9%. In univariate analysis, alcohol relapse was significantly associated with age greater than 50 years (P = .04), year of LT 1995 or earlier (P<.05), duration of abstinence less than 6 months (P = .02), presence of psychiatric comorbidities (P<.001), presence of a life partner (P<.05), and a high score on the High-Risk Alcoholism Relapse (HRAR) scale (P<.001). Multivariate logistic regression disclosed the following independent factors of relapse: duration of abstinence of less than 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-9.3) (P = .02); presence of psychiatric comorbidities (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 3.1-20.0) (P<.001); and HRAR score higher than 3 (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 3.8-30.0) (P = .001). In patients with none of these factors, alcohol relapse was 5%, while the presence of 1, 2, or 3 factors was associated with relapse rates of 18%, 64%, and 100% of the patients, respectively.In a large cohort of patients undergoing LT for alcoholic cirrhosis, a duration of abstinence of less than 6 months before wait-listing for LT, the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, or an HRAR score higher than 3 was associated with relapse into harmful drinking. The presence of more than 1 factor dramatically increased this risk over 50%. In the pre-LT evaluation in this setting, these factors should be accurately determined.
Echocardiographically detected dyskinesis, myocardial infarct size, and coronary risk region relationships in reperfused canine myocardium.
Authors: A L Taylor, R A Kieso, J Melton, P Hite, N G Pandian, R E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (1985)

After permanent coronary artery occlusion, the extent of two-dimensional echocardiographically detected dyskinesis correlates well with infarct size. Reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion decreases infarct size; however, contractile function of myocardium salvaged in this way may remain depressed for several weeks. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between echocardiographically detected dyskinesis and infarct size in reperfused myocardium. We hypothesized that after transient coronary artery occlusion, the relationship between dyskinesis and infarct size would be altered because of the prolonged depression of contractile function after reperfusion so that dyskinesis would not predict infarct size. We also wanted to explore two related questions: (1) Does inotropic stimulation of reperfused myocardium result in improved systolic function in segments that are dysfunctional but not necrotic? (2) Does the relationship between infarct size and coronary risk region, which is linear in myocardium subjected to permanent coronary occlusion, remain linear in myocardium subjected to a sequence of occlusion and reperfusion? Thirty-seven sedated dogs with preplaced circumflex occluders underwent 1 or 2 hr of coronary artery occlusion, then 2 or 10 days of reperfusion. The percentage of the left ventricle that was dyskinetic was estimated from short-axis two-dimensional echocardiograms at the chordal and papillary muscle level obtained at control, after 1 or 2 hr of occlusion, after 20 min of reperfusion, and after 2 or 10 days of reperfusion. At 2 or 10 days of reperfusion, echocardiograms were also obtained during infusion of dobutamine. Area at risk was determined from postmortem barium-gelatin angiography and infarct size was determined at pathologic examination. We found a significant linear correlation between infarct size and risk region size in reperfused myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uterine Perforation by The IUD
Authors: Paul A. McLeod
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reports of perforation of the uterus by intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) have increased recently. In this case a second IUD was inserted after unrecognized perforation. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 27-year-old white married woman, gravida 4, para 3, was seen for a routine postpartum examination six weeks after a normal spontaneous delivery. An IUD was inserted apparently without difficulty by her local physician. One week later the patient was unable to feel the threads in the upper vagina, and she returned to the physician, who was also unable to locate the threads. Apparently assuming that the device had been expelled, he then inserted a second IUD. Three days later the patient was again unable to feel the threads. An x-ray film of the pelvis allegedly showed both devices together in the uterine cavity. The patient was reassured that she would probably not conceive. The patient consulted a
Malaria—A Persistent Threat
Authors: ROBERT E. BLOUNT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

During 1968, nearly one half million troops are expected to rotate from South Vietnam to the United States, Australia, Korea, and the Philippines. When there is failure to complete the normal 8-week course of chloroquine-primaquine suppressive medication, and occasionally even in spite of conscientious use of chemoprophylaxis, cases of clinical malaria can be expected among these returnees. If the falciparum cases are not quickly identified and promptly treated or if the Plasmodium is chloroquine resistant, fatalities may be expected. There does exist the threat of the reintroduction of malaria into the United States through mosquito transmission. Later papers in this series report on available methods of avoiding this new epidemiological threat.
Reducing Deaths Caused by Bronchial Asthma-Reply
Authors: Robert C. Strunk
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Rubenstein has raised some of the same questions that we have asked ourselves both during the collection of the data for our study and on an ongoing basis. National Jewish Center has had long experience with the care of children and adults with severe asthma. Physicians from all 50 states and several foreign countries refer patients who have not been able to be controlled in their home community despite expert primary care and allergy-pulmonary consultation. The reasons for referral are severe medical illness and the psychosocial problems that accompany severe chronic illness. Therefore, the patients usually represent a small percentage of patients at the most extreme end of the illness spectrum. Patients admitted to the center are cared for by a team consisting of pulmonary-psychiatric nurses, pediatric psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers in consultation with psychiatrists, and rehabilitation specialists. The team is directed either by a full-time,
Commentary: Reaching a milestone in diagnosing coeliac disease
Authors: Mark L Graber, Atul Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Clinical prediction rules for diagnosis seek to optimise the sensitivity and specificity of our diagnostic approach to a given problem.In this issue of the BMJ, Hopper and colleagues report a rare accomplishment in this regard-a decision rule that achieved 100% sensitivity in disease detection, in this case for coeliac disease. 1 The rule is simple-a positive serological test for IgA antibody to tissue transglutaminase combined with being at "high risk" (having weight loss,
Megestrol for AIDS-Related Anorexia
Authors: Paul P. Cook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Megestrol for AIDS-Related AnorexiaPaul P. CookPaul P. CookSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent articles by Von Roenn and colleagues [1] and Oster and associates [2] showed that megestrol acetate treatment resulted in significant weight gain and improvement in “well-being” in patients with cachexia related to AIDS. Only megestrol's prohibitively high cost precludes its use in all patients with AIDS-related wasting syndrome. As pointed out in the editorial by Haller [3], the cost of megestrol at a dose of 800 mg/d is between $3000 and $4400 per year [3]. This may be affordable for some but not most patients with AIDS.On the basis of clinical experience, prednisone at ...References1. Von Roenn JH, Armstrong D, Kotler DP, Cohn DL, Klimas NG, Tchekmedyian NS, et al. Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS-related cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:393-9. Google Scholar2. Oster MH, Enders SR, Samuels SJ, Cone LA, Hooton TM, Browder HP, et al. Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS and cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:400-8. Google Scholar3. Haller D. Weight gain in patients with AIDS-related cachexia: is bigger better (Editorial)? Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:462-3. Google Scholar4. Grunfeld C, Feingold K. Metabolic disturbances and wasting in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:329-37. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 879-881KeywordsAIDSCytomegalovirus infectionMycobacterium avium complexOpportunistic infectionsTumor necrosis factorWeight gainWeight loss Issue Published: 1 June 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
MEAT INSPECTION AS A PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURE
Authors: W. H. LIPMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The last decade has greatly enriched  science of  but two achievements stand out most prominently. They are  discovery of vitamins and  proof that not all proteins are of equal nutritive value; that some, particularly most vegetable proteins, are incomplete, while most animal proteins are complete in that they contain  components necessary for growth, repair and replacement. A number of diseases whose etiology was heretofore unknown have been definitely proved to be caused by lack of vitamins, and of late, considerable evidence has been brought forth to prove that resistance to disease, particularly infection, and even reproduction, may be dependent on vitamins and  quality of proteins, or both.  These facts have collectively been called the newer knowledge of nutrition, and they prove that there is more to food than calories. The proper selection of foods both in quality and in quantity is not merely an
Right ventricular myocardial infarction in patients with chronic lung disease: Possible role of right ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Harry A. Kopelman, Mervyn B. Forman, B. Hadley Wilson, Frank D. Kolodgie, Raphael F. Smith, Gottlieb C. Friesinger, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Abstract PD07-06: NEO-ZOTAC: Toxicity data of a phase III randomized trial with NEOadjuvant chemotherapy (TAC) with or without ZOledronic acid (ZA) for patients with HER2-negative large resectable or locally advanced breast cancer (BC)
Authors: S van de Ven, G-j Liefers, H Putter, LJ van Warmerdam, LW Kessels, W Dercksen, MJ Pepels, E Maartense, HWM van Laarhoven, B Vriens, VTHBM Smit, MNJM Wasser, Kranenbarg EM Meershoek-Klein, E van Leeuwen-Stok, CJH van de Velde, JWR Nortier, JR Kroep
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The role of bisphosphonates (BP) when added to the (neo)adjuvant treatment of BC in enhancing the efficacy of therapy is still unknown. NEOZOTAC investigates the efficacy of ZA added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative BC. Trial design: NEOZOTAC is a Dutch multicenter study. Patients are 1:1 randomized to 3-weekly TAC (docetaxel 75mg/m2, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v., day 1) chemotherapy supported by pegfilgrastim (6 mg sc), day 2 with or without ZA (4 mg i.v. within 24 hr after chemotherapy) q3 weeks. Eligibility criteria: Main inclusion criteria: stage II or III, measurable, HER2-negative BC, age ≥18 years, WHO 0–2, adequate bone marrow-, renal-, and liver function, absence of prior BP usage and absence of active dental problems. Study endpoint: The primary endpoint is the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints are toxicity, clinical response, tumor heterogeneity in core biopsy vs. operation specimen, and (disease free) survival. Optional side studies include fluorescent imaging (SoftScan®), changes in bone markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms and the insulin-like growth factor pathway, circulating tumor and endothelial cells and the false-negative rate of the sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Statistical Methods: Using a 5% significance level based on the two-sided Fishers exact test with a power of 80%, 250 patients (125/arm) are needed to show an improvement of the pCR-rate from 17% to 34% in the experimental arm. Randomization was done according to the Pococks minimisation technique stratified by cT, cN, and estrogen receptor status. Toxicity is analyzed using the Exact (2-sided) Chi-Square test. Results: From July 2010 to April 2012, 250 patients from 25 participating sites were randomized. Toxicity data of 173 patients are currently available and data of all 250 patients will be presented at SABCS. Patient characteristics are presented in table 1. Hematological and non-hematological toxicities were not significantly different between both treatment arms. Main grade 3/4 NCI-CTCv4 toxicities were neutropenia (8%), followed by febrile neutropenia (7%), fatigue (6%), diarrhea, hypertension, nausea (3%) and vomiting (1.2%). Bone pain, myalgia, and hypocalcemia occurred in one patient in the TAC-ZA arm (0.6%). Osteonecrosis of the jaw was not observed. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant TAC supported by pegfilgrastim plus ZA is feasible. No significant difference in toxicity are reported compared with the control arm. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD07-06.
Falling in Boinng Again
Authors: Jules Older
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Marie! Marie! Oh let me repeat that name a hundred times, a thousand times over; for three days now it has lived within me, oppressed me, set me afire. . . . Heaven, Hell, everything, all is within you, redoubled. . . . Oh! Leave me free to rave in my delirium.Finding a name for the ecstasy and oppression, the torment and delight, that Franz Liszt felt toward Marie, and that so many others have experienced before and since, is not easy. As an individual and family therapist, I've believed for some years that the lack of a descriptive . . .
Evidence from optic ataxia does not support a distinction between planning and control mechanisms in human motor control
Authors: Roger Newport, Sally Pears, Stephen R. Jackson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Evidence from optic ataxic patients with bilateral lesions to the superior parietal lobes does not support the view that there are separate planning and control mechanisms located in the IPL and SPL respectively. The aberrant reaches of patients with bilateral SPL damage towards extrafoveal targets seem to suggest a deficit in the selection of appropriate motor programmes rather than a deficit restricted to on-line control.
Mortality from Acute Myocardial Infarction Before and After Establishment of a Coronary Care Unit
Authors: K. Astvad, N. Fabricius-Bjerre, J. Kjaerulff, J. Lindholm
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A retrospective study of the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction in two groups of patients treated before and after a coronary care unit was established showed no difference between them. Though it is difficult to compare two series retrospectively so far there are no well controlled studies to demonstrate clearly the value of coronary care units.
Malpractice Insurance: A Genuine National Crisis
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

COMPLAINTS about an alarming increase in malpractice suits and about the rising cost of malpractice liability insurance can be found in the medical literature of the United States during most of the decades of this century. For example, Louis Regan, of Los Angeles, a defense attorney, wrote in the first edition of his medicolegal text-book in 1943, "During the past twenty years there has been a tremendous increase in unjustified malpractice cases."1 In his second edition in 1949, Regan complained of "a plague of malpractice suits."2 In neither edition are any statistics provided to support these allegations.It was not . . .
Ways to Assess Test Costs Vary
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE NEW TEST aimed at eliminating hepatitis C from the US blood supply is the seventh procedure that will be required to be performed on donated blood. At present, these assays include a serological test for syphilis; a test for hepatitis B surface antigen; two surrogate tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis, alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B core antibody (the latter also detects hepatitis B); an immunoassay test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); and a test for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. In some circumstances and in some communities, blood is also tested for antibody to cytomegalovirus. The Food and Drug Administration is also considering adding to this list two new tests: one for antibody to HIV-2 and one to detect Chagas' disease (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989; 262:1433), both recently perceived as possible threats to the nation's blood supply. How much each additional test adds to
Focal Adhesion Kinase Is Activated and Mediates the Early Hypertrophic Response to Stretch in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Adriana S. Torsoni, Sabata S. Constancio, Wilson Nadruz, Steven K. Hanks, Kleber G. Franchini
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Previously we reported that the rapid activation of the Fak/Src multicomponent signaling complex mediates load-induced activation of growth and survival signaling pathways in adult rat heart. In this study, we report that 5% to 20% (10-minute) cyclic stretch (1 Hz) of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) was paralleled by increases of Fak phosphorylation at Tyr-397 (from 1.5- to 2.8-fold), as detected by anti-Fak-pY 397 phosphospecific antibody. Moreover, 15% cyclic stretch lasting from 10 to 120 minutes increased Fak phosphorylation at Tyr-397 by 2.5- to 3.5-fold. This activation was accompanied by a dramatic change in Fak localization in NRVMs from densely concentrated in the perinuclear regions in nonstretched cells to aggregates regularly distributed along the myofilaments in stretched cells. Furthermore, a 4-hour cyclic stretch enhanced the activity of an atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter-luciferase reporter gene by 2.7-fold. Disrupting endogenous Fak/Src signaling either by expression of a dominant-negative Fak mutant with phenylalanine substituted for Tyr-397 or by treatment with a c-Src pharmacological inhibitor (PP-2) markedly attenuated stretch-induced Fak activation and clustering at myofilaments and inhibited stretch-induced ANF gene activation. On the other hand, overexpression of wild-type Fak potentiated the stretch-induced Fak phosphorylation but did not enhance either baseline or stretch-induced ANF promoter-luciferase reporter gene activity compared with the responses of nontransfected NRVMs. These findings identify Fak as an important element in the early responses induced by stretch in cardiac myocytes, indicating that it may coordinate the cellular signaling machinery that controls gene expression program associated with load-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Shigellae to Sodium Sulfadiazine and to Eight Antibiotics
Authors: Kenneth C. Haltalin, John D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

More than 300 recently isolated<i>Shigella</i>strains were tested for susceptibility, to sodium sulfadiazine by tube and plate dilution techniques. With a low inoculum (100 organisms), 59% of<i>Shigella flexneri</i>and 87% of<i>S sonnei</i>were sulfadiazine resistant. All strains were resistant by high inoculum testing (2 × 10<sup>6</sup>organisms). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the plate dilution method using high inocula demonstrated by the following percentages of resistance: potassium penicillin G, 93%; streptomycin, 17%; tetracycline hydrochloride, 12%; chloramphenicol, 11%; ampicillin, 6%; sodium colistimethate, 2%; kanamycin sulfate, 1%; and neomycin sulfate, 1%. These studies indicate that sulfadiazine is no longer an appropriate drug for initiating treatment of shigellosis. Ampicillin and three orally administered non-absorbable antibiotics (colistimethate, kanamycin and neomycin) are the most effective drugs against shigellae in vitro.
Regenerating hepatocytes are both source and target of fractalkine(FKN) during fulminant hepatitis
Authors: E. Efsen, C. Grappone, S. Milani, A. Bonacchi, F. Failli, R. DeFranco, A. Caligiuri, M. Pinzani, G. Laffi, P. Gentilini, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Concerning Indexes of Medical Journals.
Authors: M. A. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Dillon, Mont., Sept. 4, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Regarding the editorial note "Concerning Indexes of Medical Journals" inThe Journalof August 30: The index furnished byThe Journalis indeed a valuable addition to our comfort, but even such an index can not attain perfection, from its necessarily discontinuous publication. I would suggest my plan of using card index. It is this: Soon after receipt and reading of each periodical, its contents are indexed on cards and a check mark placed on the journal to show that it is ready to be filed away until the volume is complete. Each periodical is given a number, which accompanies the volume numbers, for example:The JournalA. M. A. is No. 1. Then an article appearing in vol 39, page 496, on "Indexes of Medical Journals" is placed on the card devoted to "Indexing" as "1, 39-496, medical journals," meaning:The