tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Negative extrathoracic pressure in treatment of respiratory failure in infants and young children.
Authors: M. P. Samuels, D. P. Southall
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the efficacy of a newly developed system for applying continuous or intermittent negative (subatmospheric) extrathoracic pressure in respiratory failure. DESIGN--Uncontrolled clinical trials in infants deteriorating or failing to improve despite standard medical treatment. SETTING--Paediatric and neonatal intensive care units and paediatric wards. PATIENTS--88 Infants and young children aged 1 day to 2 years with respiratory failure due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiolitis, myopathy, the congenital hypoventilation syndrome, pneumonitis, and postoperative phrenic nerve palsy. At the start of treatment 59 were receiving greater than or equal to 50% inspired oxygen and 40 positive airway pressure ventilation. INTERVENTION--Treatment was provided within purpose built Perspex chambers of appropriate size. The chamber incorporated safe and effective latex neck seals; facilities for access, monitoring, and observation; and a heater to control the ambient air temperature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Inspired oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide pressure before application of negative extrathoracic pressure and two and 48 hours afterwards; duration of treatment; and final outcome (discharge home or death). RESULTS--While arterial oxygen saturation was maintained at constant values 75 infants showed reductions in inspired oxygen concentrations (range 4-50%, median 15%) two hours after starting treatment and 74 showed reductions at 48 hours (2-79%, median 20%). Of 59 infants who had carbon dioxide pressure measured before and after starting negative extrathoracic pressure, 21 showed a reduction (range 0.6-8.9 kPa, median 2.0), 30 no change (+/- 0.5 kPa), and eight a rise (range 0.6-5.1 kPa, median 2.1). In 28 patients extubation was facilitated, 54 patients were discharged home, where six continued treatment, and 34 died. Treatments lasted for between two and 236 days (median 13 days). CONCLUSION--Negative pressure respiratory support is a non-invasive yet effective treatment for respiratory failure. It may avoid the need for intubation, reduce the pathophysiological consequences of positive airway pressure ventilation, and aid extubation.
Anti-allergic effects of IL-12 are mediated by enhancement of apoptosis of lung immune/inflammatory cells
Authors: T. Kodama, K. Kuribayashi, K. Takeda, N. Miyahara, T. Matsuyama, O. Kitada, M. Sugita, A. Dakhama, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
What Mexico Taught the World About Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Community Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Alexandra Minna Stern
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) reduces mortality in adults; other forms of vitamin D do not
Authors: Harvey J. Murff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club15 November 2011Review: Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) reduces mortality in adults; other forms of vitamin D do notHarvey J. Murff, MD, MPHHarvey J. Murff, MD, MPHVanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (H.J.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD007470. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21735411Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Geriatrics: References1 Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53-8. [PMID: 21118827] Google Scholar2 Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1730-7. [PMID: 17846391] Google Scholar3 Houghton LA, Vieth R. The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:694-7. [PMID: 17023693] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harvey J. Murff, MD, MPHAffiliations: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (H.J.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 November 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 2011Volume 155, Issue 10Page: JC5-4KeywordsAdverse eventsBoneCalcitriolCalciumDatabasesLibrariesMortalityRelative riskVitamin DVitamin D deficiency ePublished: 15 November 2011 Issue Published: 15 November 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Investigation of incidental hypercalcaemia
Authors: D. Joshi, J. R Center, J. A Eisman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Hypercalcaemia is often asymptomatic, but if it is suspected, various tests can provide guidance to confirm diagnosis and identify the likely cause A 50 year old woman is found to have hypercalcaemia on routine blood tests. Her corrected calcium concentration was 2.75 (reference range 2.10-2.60) mmol/l, and phosphate 0.7 mmol/l (0.7-1.4) mmol/l. She had no history of abdominal pain, constipation, renal calculi, fractures, or mood disturbances. She was euvolaemic with no signs of chronic renal disease. Routine laboratory tests—including full blood count, serum electrolytes, and renal and liver function—were normal. As her hypercalcaemia was mild, she did not require immediate measures to correct this. Investigations to determine the cause of the hypercalcaemia were performed. About 40-50% of serum calcium is bound to protein (mostly albumin), and the remaining calcium is free or ionised (the portion under hormonal regulation). Corrected calcium is calculated from total calcium and serum albumin and an accurate reflection of ionised calcium in an individual with a normal serum albumin and normal acid-base balance. Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia (based on corrected or ionised values) is nowadays a common diagnostic and management dilemma, with more patients undergoing routine blood tests for other purposes. However, not all cases require treatment. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy together account for 90% of all hypercalcaemic patients.1 Aetiology varies according to the clinical presentation; more indolent cases suggest hyperparathyroidism, and more rapidly developing cases suggest malignancy. About 20-30% of all patients with cancer develop hypercalcaemia at some time as a paraneoplastic phenomenon or as a result of bone metastases.2 Dehydration exacerbates underlying hypercalcaemia by reducing renal calcium excretion, and drugs such as thiazide diuretics4 and lithium may exacerbate the underlying hypercalcaemia of primary hyperparathyroidism. The box outlines other causes of hypercalcaemia. #### Causes of hypercalcaemia ##### Most common causes
[76] MAPPING A SEX-HORMONE SENSITIVE GENE DETERMINING FEMALE RESISTANCE TO LIVER CARCINOGENESIS IN A CONGENIC F344.BN-HCS4 RAT
Authors: M.R. De Miglio, P. Virdis, D.F. Calvisi, M. Frau, M.R. Muroni, M.M. Simile, L. Daino, G.M. Careddu, E. Sanna-Passino, R.M. Pascale, F. Feo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Patient and House Officer Attitudes on Physician Attire and Etiquette
Authors: Jocelyn J. Dunn, Thomas H. Lee, Jack M. Percelay, John G Fitz, Lee Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To study patient preferences on physician attire and etiquette, we interviewed 200 patients on the general medical services of teaching hospitals in Boston and San Francisco. Of these 200 patients, 65% believed physicians should wear a white coat, 27% believed physicians should not wear tennis shoes, 52% believed physicians should not wear blue jeans, 37% believed male physicians should wear neckties, and 34% believed female physicians should wear dresses or skirts. Forty percent of patients wanted physicians to address them by first name, but only 10% of patients wanted to address their physicians by first name. A concurrent mailed survey of 74 medical house staff members at the two hospitals revealed wide variability in physicians' attire and in how patients were addressed at each institution. Thus, many house officers had habits that were less formal than a substantial portion of their patients preferred.
Recent advances: Rheumatology
Authors: R. Madhok
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The health consequences and fiscal burden of musculoskeletal diseases has been acknowledged but never fully addressed.An agenda unveiled by the World Health Organization to redress the balance sets specific goals for the next 10 years (the bone and joint decade).These include a 25% reduction in the expected increase in morbidity from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. MethodsWe have reviewed advances in rheumatology that can be easily integrated into routine clinical practice and highlighted areas where appropriate treatment has been shown to prevent later disability or morbidity.References are supplied for published trials and systematic reviews.
President's Address: Forty Years of Practice
Authors: T. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Some years ago I listened to the inauLgural address of a young professor of great distinction, in the course of which he defined the modern specialist and researcher as a man who spends his time learning more and more about less and less, and the modern general practitioner as a man who spends his time learning less and less about more and more.To one who-had practised sixteen years before 1914 and twenty-five after that date there was much of truth in this statement, and when I came to consider this address I could definitely place myself in the second category-a person, therefore, who should not attempt anything didactic, concentrated, or illuminating, but rather dilate on some of the topics which engaged my attention in the daily round during forty-one years.I was interested, however,
VITAL STATISTICS OF CANTERBURY, IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER DISTRICTS
Authors: G. Rigden
Journal: BMJ (1855)

umdtiv.nature You may hea from them scraps of on- I1 eloquence which may have been glened from or from Burke, from Emeron or (arlyle, from Byron, Shelley, 8ydney Smith, or Macaulay.You may hr from them shreds of true poetic feeling which may haye been created by men like Moore, or Washington Irving, Qr Wordsworth
Amplification of Toll-like receptor–mediated signaling through spleen tyrosine kinase in human B-cell activation
Authors: Shigeru Iwata, Kunihiro Yamaoka, Hiroaki Niiro, Kazuhisa Nakano, Sheau-Pey Wang, Koichi Akashi, Yoshiya Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The <scp>CRTH</scp>2 antagonist <scp>OC</scp>000459 reduces nasal and ocular symptoms in allergic subjects exposed to grass pollen, a randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: F. Horak, P. Zieglmayer, R. Zieglmayer, P. Lemell, L. P. Collins, M. G. Hunter, J. Steiner, T. Lewis, M. A. Payton, C. M. Perkins, R. Pettipher
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background CRTH 2 mediates activation of Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils in response to prostaglandin D 2 . The CRTH 2 antagonist OC 000459 has previously been demonstrated to reduce airway inflammation and improve lung function in moderate persistent asthma. The objective of the present study was to determine the involvement of CRTH 2 in promoting nasal and ocular symptoms in allergic subjects exposed to grass pollen. Methods A single centre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study was conducted in 35 male subjects allergic to grass pollen comparing OC 000459 200 mg bid with placebo for 8 days. Subjects were exposed to grass pollen (≥1400 grains/m 3 ) for 6 h on the 2nd and 8th days of treatment and assessed for nasal symptoms, ocular symptoms, other symptoms, nasal secretion weight and rhinomanometry over the 6‐h period. After a washout period of 3 weeks, subjects were switched to the alternative treatment for a further 8 days. The trial was registered on the clinical trials.gov database (Identifier NCT 01448902). Results During the first treatment period, treatment with OC 000459 significantly reduced both nasal and ocular symptoms in allergic subjects compared with placebo after challenge with grass pollen. A significant effect was observed on the 2nd day of dosing which was increased on the 8th day of dosing. The therapeutic effects of OC 000459 persisted into the second treatment period despite a 3‐week washout phase. The safety profile of OC 000459 was similar to that of placebo. Conclusion Treatment with OC 000459 was well tolerated and led to a significant and persistent reduction in the symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis.
European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE)Video capsule endoscopy: Update to guidelines (May 2006)
Authors: J. Rey, S. Ladas, A. Alhassani, K. Kuznetsov
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) has become a very important tool for diagnosing of many small-bowel disorders. Upcoming VCE techniques for the investigation of disorders of the esophagus, stomach, and colon may render it a promising technique for these organs as well.
Characteristics of fatal methadone overdose in Manchester, 1985-94
Authors: A. Cairns, I. S D Roberts, E. W Benbow
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Unstable angina represents a critical phase of ischaemic heart disease * Stratifyiug patients with unst:able angina for risk remains a difficult clinical problem * A new cardiac specific protein, troponin T, can now be measured in serum * The detection of troponin T 12-24 hours after admission identifies a high risk subgroup of patients with unstable angina * Prospective trials are required to identify optimum therapeutic strategies for this subgroup test, P = 0.004; relative risk 2.45 (1.30 to 4.61)) (fig 1).In the logistic regression model troponin T status was the most significant single variable predictor for this end point (P = 0.008; relative risk 2.55 (1.28 to 5.08)).Again the presence of either variable that is, accelerated angina or troponin T status-was highly significant for this end point (P = 0.0007) (table 2).Eighteen (29%) troponin T positive patients versus 21 (17%) troponin T negative patients either died or suffered a non-fatal myocardial infarction as a first event (fig 1) (log rank test, P = 0.07).This difference reached significance when allowance was made for coronary revascularisation by means of the Mantel-Haenszel statistic (P = 0.042; relative risk 2.16 (1.03 to 4.53)).In the logistic regression model patients with diabetes (table 2) had a significantly increased risk for this end point.The association with troponin T status did not reach significance (P = 0.12). CommentThe overall finding from this study is that, though it should not be used as a sole discriminator of future risk, a serum troponin T concentration ¢0.2 tg/l measured 12-24 hours after admission will identify a subgroup of patients with unstable angina in routine clinical practice who are at increased risk of cardiac events on long term follow up.Prospective randomised trials are required to identify optimum therapeutic strategies for this subgroup.
Two in five doctors don't think government reforms will improve patient care
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Less than a quarter of doctors believe that the government’s health reforms will improve the care of patients. This is the finding of a new survey commissioned by the independent health think tank the King’s Fund and undertaken just before last week’s spending review announcement.

The survey of 1000 doctors (500 hospital doctors and 500 GPs), carried out by Doctors.net.uk, showed that 24% of doctors think that the proposed reforms in the white paper Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS would achieve one of its key goals: “to focus on continuously improving those things that really matter to patients—the outcome of their healthcare.”

Not only did 38% of those surveyed …
THE RADICA CRE O AN UNUSAL TYPE OF HEADACHE
Authors: T. J. Orbison
Journal: JAMA (1913)

frequent fluid stools, any fecal drainage through the incision.Naturally it would be supposed that the worms made their way into the abscess cavity from some poll ion of the intes¬ tinal tract, but why, if ten worms of the size of most, of these made their way through the intestinal wall, liad there been no escape of any other intestinal contents'.'This remains a mystery.The worms were most of them full-sized individ¬ uals varying from 5 to !) inches in length and were all alive
Detection of Liquid Phase Cholesteryl Ester in Carotid Atherosclerosis by 1H-MR Spectroscopy in Humans
Authors: Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Diederik van Wijk, Michael Klimas, John J.P. Kastelein, Erik S.G. Stroes, Aart J. Nederveen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)

This study hypothesized that (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) can identify carotid plaque cholesteryl ester in vivo in humans.Liquid phase cholesteryl ester comprises a major fraction of atherosclerotic plaque, and its abundance is associated with plaque rupture and atherothrombosis. A noninvasive imaging technique to detect liquid cholesteryl ester that has been applied ex vivo is now demonstrated in vivo.(1)H-MRS scans were obtained of carotid plaques of 35 subjects at 3.0 T. Turbo spin echo, black blood, T1-weighted images were acquired for localization. Spectra were acquired using a 2-dimensional point resolved spectroscopy sequence: repetition time/echo time = 1,100/30 ms, 5-mm slice thickness, 8 × 8-cm field of view, 16 × 16 matrix size, and 13-min acquisition time. Saturation bands were placed around the artery. Resonance of methylene protons and allylic methylene protons were assigned to 1.2 ppm and 2.0 ppm. The 2.0:1.2 ppm ratio was calculated to reflect the ratio of the fatty acid composition of plaque cholesteryl ester to that of triglycerides of perivascular tissue. We obtained spectra of lipid standards as a reference.Our (1)H-MRS data showed typical spectra of cholesteryl ester mixed with triglycerides, with intense resonance from methylene (1.2 ppm) and allylic methylene (2.0 ppm) protons. The average 2.0:1.2 ppm ratio was 0.10 ± 0.03. The 2.0:1.2 ppm ratio correlated with the plaque tissue volume to perivascular tissue volume ratio (Spearman rho = 0.55, p = 0.02), suggesting that more (1)H-MRS signal was obtained from cholesteryl ester when the (1)H-MRS voxel comprised more plaque tissue. Repeat (1)H-MRS scans in 4 subjects showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 (95% prediction intervals: 0.40 to 0.99), indicating good reproducibility. Seventeen of the 35 (1)H-MRS spectra were of adequate quality for analysis.In vivo image-guided (1)H-MRS for detection of liquid phase cholesteryl ester in carotid atherosclerotic plaques in humans is feasible.
Randomized clinical study of the efficacy of amiloride and potassium canrenoate in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites
Authors: Paolo Angeli, Manuela Dalla Pria, Erica de Bei, Grazia Albino, Lorenza Caregaro, Carlo Merkel, Giulio Ceolotto, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Although some clinical studies seem to prove the efficacy of nonantialdosteronic potassium-sparing diuretics in the treatment of ascites, no controlled study has compared the efficacy of these drugs with that of antialdosteronic diuretics. Forty nonazotemic cirrhotic patients were randomized to receive amiloride (group A, n = 20) or potassium canrenoate (group B, n = 20). The initial doses of amiloride and potassium canrenoate were 20 mg and 150 mg, respectively. The doses were increased in stepwise fashion to 60 and 500 mg/day, respectively, if no response ensued. Nonresponders to the highest doses of each drug were later treated with potassium canrenoate and amiloride, respectively. Seven of 20 group A patients responded to amiloride, whereas 14 of 20 group B patients responded to potassium canrenoate (p < 0.025). Seven of 13 nonresponders to amiloride later responded to potassium canrenoate, whereas only two of the nonresponders to potassium canrenoate later responded to amiloride. The diuretic responses to amiloride and potassium canrenoate were related to the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. All responders to amiloride (n = 9) had normal values of plasma aldosterone. All nonresponders to amiloride who later responded to potassium canrenoate (n = 7) had increased levels of plasma aldosterone. Moreover, on comparison of all responders (n = 21) and nonresponders (n = 12) to potassium canrenoate, a higher degree of renal proximal sodium reabsorption (with consequent limitation of sodium delivery to the distal tubule) was found to be the main difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)