tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of driver air bags with driver fatality: a matched cohort study
Authors: Peter Cummings, Barbara McKnight, Frederick P Rivara, David C Grossman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the association of driver air bag presence with driver fatality in road traffic crashes. <b>Design:</b> Matched pair cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> All passenger vehicle crashes in the United States during 1990-2000 inclusive. <b>Subjects:</b> 51 031 driver-passenger pairs in the same vehicle. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Relative risk of death within 30 days of a crash. <b>Results:</b> Drivers with an air bag were less likely to die than drivers without an air bag (adjusted relative risk 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.96)). This estimate was nearly the same whether drivers wore a seat belt (adjusted relative risk 0.93) or not (0.91). Air bags were associated with more protection for women (0.88 (0.82 to 0.93)), than for men (0.94 (0.90 to 0.99)). Drivers wearing a seat belt were less likely to die than unbelted drivers (0.35 (0.33 to 0.36)). Belted drivers with an air bag were less likely to die than unbelted drivers without an air bag (0.32 (0.30 to 0.34)). <b>Conclusions:</b> If the associations are causal the average risk of driver death was reduced 8% (95% confidence interval 4% to 12%) by an air bag. Benefit was similar for belted and unbelted drivers and was slightly greater for women. However, seat belts offered much more protection than air bags. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Studies have estimated that driver air bags reduce the risk of death in a road vehicle crash by 10-14% These studies disagree as to whether benefit is greater for drivers wearing a seat belt or for unbelted drivers <h3>What this study adds</h3> Having an air bag was associated with an 8% reduction in the risk of death, whether the driver was belted or not The reduction in risk was greater for women (12%) than for men (6%) Seat belts provided much greater protection, with seat belt use reducing the risk of death by 65% (or by 68% in combination with an air bag)
BIBW 2992, a Novel Irreversible EGFR/HER1 and HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Patients with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer after Failure of No More Than Two Prior Chemotherapies.
Authors: N. Harbeck, M. Schmidt, P. Harter, K. Possinger, W. Jonat, H. Lück, M. Beckmann, P. Fasching, J. Schütte, F. Solca, M. Uttenreuther-Fischer, M. Taton, A. Lahogue, A. Awada, J. De Grève, J. Canon, L. Dirix, F. Fleischer, P. Neven, N. Gottschalk, M. Piccart, M. Schuler
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: BIBW 2992 (Tovok™*) is a novel, oral, irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1 and HER2 inhibitor. It has promising preclinical activity in HER2-negative MDA-MB-453 and triple-negative SUM 149-PT cell lines, and showed clinical Phase I activity. First results of a Phase II study of BIBW 2992 in patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive or triple-negative breast cancer who have progressed following no more than two prior lines of chemotherapy are presented. The trial was conducted as a multi-institutional, open-label study in Germany and Belgium.Methods: Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with progression following no more than two prior lines of chemotherapy. No prior EGFR-targeted therapy was allowed and measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 and an adequate organ function were required. Patients received 50 mg BIBW 2992 once-daily until disease progression. Tumor assessment was performed every other treatment course (one course is 28 days). The primary endpoint was objective response rate by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria in patients with HR-positive and triple-negative MBC. The latter was changed to clinical benefit, i.e. objective response (OR) or stable disease (SD) on treatment for at least four cycles for patients with triple-negative disease. Safety data were collected and analyses are still ongoing.Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled with 50 actually starting treatment on the trial, including 29 patients with triple-negative and 21 patients with HER2-negative and HR-positive MBC. No ORs were observed in either cohort. Three patients in the triple-negative cohort had SD for at least 4 treatment cycles, one of them for 12 cycles. The most frequently observed side-effects at snapshot date (on 49 patients) are diarrhea (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 in 18 patients [36.7%]) and Grade 3 skin rash in two patients [4.1%]). These were managed by symptomatic treatments and dose reductions.Conclusion: Long-term oral administration of BIBW 2992 was safe in HER2-negative MBC patients. Side effects mainly affected the skin and gastrointestinal tract, and were manageable. Clinical benefit was achieved in a fraction of triple-negative MBC patients.*Trade name not FDA approved. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5062.
Mode of transmission of hepatitis C virus is related to severity of liver disease
Authors: G HAYDON
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

GBV-C/HGV RNA was investigated in serum samples from 70 HIV(+) intravenous drug users (IVDU), as well as from 200 blood donors from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Viral RNA was demonstrated in 21 IVDU by reverse transcription-nested PCR of the 5′ UTR. c-DNA amplified products were analyzed and their sequences compared with those downloaded from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree based on 171 sequences demonstrated the presence of three major genogroups, including two subgroups, within local samples, i.e. group 1 (n=1), 2a (n=11), 2b (n=4) and 3 (n=5). These results agreed entirely with those obtained by a novel RFLP (J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1340-1347, 1999) of the same 5′ UTR amplicons. As expected, GBV-C/HGV RNA prevalence was significantly higher among IVDU than among blood donors (P<0.0001), although within the latter group an unexpectedly high rate was also detected, since 11 of 200 sera (5.5%) proved positive. These viral isolates were ascribed either to subgroup 2a (n=5), subgroup 2b (n=5) or genogroup 3 (n=1). Briefly, this partial view of GBV-C/HGV molecular epidemiology in Argentina shows: (i) different rates of GBV-C/HGV infection within both IVDU and blood donors; (ii) a high prevalence of viral RNA among blood donors; and (iii) a predominant circulation of genogroup 2, with minor contribution of groups 3 and 1.
Tea flavonoids have little short term impact on serum antioxidant activity
Authors: S. Maxwell, G. Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (1996)

differences are slightly larger, the disadvantages of those with low iron status are not major.In Africa the state has limited financial and other resources for maintaining health and combating disease.In the absence of prospective studies, a widespread improvement of iron status would seem to have lower priority than many other health promotion endeavours, such as water supply, immunisation of children, and 24 hour availability of staff at clinics.
968-23 Evaluation of Proliferation in Human Atherectomy Specimens Using In Situ Hybridization for Histone H3
Authors: Edward R. O’Brien, Simcha Urieli-Shoval, Michael R. Garvin, Earl P. Benditt, Douglas K. Stewart, Tomoaki Hinohara, John B. Simpson, Stephen M. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Meeting Report: Application of Genotyping Methods to Assess Risks from <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in Watersheds
Authors: Christobel Ferguson, Dan Deere, Martha Sinclair, Rachel M. Chalmers, Kristin Elwin, Stephen Hadfield, Lihua Xiao, Una Ryan, Robin Gasser, Youssef Abs El-Osta, Melita Stevens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

A workshop titled “Application of Genotyping Methods to Assess Pathogen Risks from Cryptosporidium in Drinking Water Catchments” was held at the International Water Association biennial conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 23 September 2004. The workshop presented and discussed the findings of an interlaboratory trial that compared methods for genotyping Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from feces. The primary goal of the trial and workshop was to assess the utility of current Cryptosporidium genotyping methods for determining the public health significance of oocysts isolated from feces in potable-water–supply watersheds. An expert panel of 16 watershed managers, public health practitioners, and molecular parasitologists was assembled for the workshop. A subordinate goal of the workshop was to educate watershed management and public health practitioners. An open invitation was extended to all conference delegates to attend the workshop, which drew approximately 50 interested delegates. In this report we summarize the peer consensus emerging from the workshop. Recommendations on the use of current methods by watershed managers and public health practitioners were proposed. Importantly, all the methods that were reported in the trial were mutually supporting and found to be valuable and worthy of further utility and development. Where there were choices as to which method to apply, the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was considered to be the optimum genetic locus to target. The single-strand conformational polymorphism method was considered potentially the most valuable for discriminating to the subtype level and where a large number of samples were to be analyzed. A research agenda for protozoan geneticists was proposed to improve the utility of methods into the future. Standardization of methods and nomenclature was promoted.
Genomic analyses reveal global functional alterations that promote tumor growth and novel tumor suppressor genes in natural killer-cell malignancies
Authors: J Iqbal, C Kucuk, R J deLeeuw, G Srivastava, W Tam, H Geng, D Klinkebiel, J K Christman, K Patel, K Cao, L Shen, K Dybkaer, I F L Tsui, H Ali, N Shimizu, W Y Au, W L Lam, W C Chan
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Increased Nitric Oxide in the Exhaled Air of Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Akihiro Matsumoto, Keiji Ogura, Yasunobu Hirata, Masao Kakoki, Fumiyoshi Watanabe, Katsu Takenaka, Yasushi Shiratori, Shin-ichi Momomura, Masao Omata
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine if nitric oxide output in exhaled air is increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: 50 patients with liver cirrhosis, 6 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 15 healthy controls. Measurements: Nitric oxide in exhaled air was measured using a chemiluminescence analyzer. Cardiac index was determined using echocardiography. Results: Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis had higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide output (Child C patients, 190 ±11 nL/min per m2 body surface area) than controls (97 ±8 nL/min per m2 body surface area; P < 0.001), whereas patients with compensated liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis had levels of nitric oxide output similar to those found in controls. Cardiac index was greater in patients with liver cirrhosis (Child C patients, 4.3 ±0.3 L/min per m2 body surface area) than in controls (2.9 ±0.2 L/min per m2 body surface area; P < 0.001). Cardiac index correlated with nitric oxide levels (r = 0.621; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased nitric oxide output in exhaled air is associated with systemic circulatory disturbances in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Information Processing Enters Medical Classroom
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A MORE unusual requirement soon may join traditional medical school subjects: electronic information use. Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, is one of a number of schools attempting to teach medical students "computer literacy." The Program in Medical Information Science, directed by J. Robert Beck, MD, attempts to provide students with tools that they can use in all aspects of medical practice, whether to facilitate billing or find the answer to a diagnostic dilemma. Students take a five-hour course in basic computer skills, from using a word processor to searching the literature to creating personal data files. Second-year medical students have been required since 1984 to take a 15-hour course ("Computers and Medical Decision Making") as part of their biostatistics class. Fourth-year students have a number of computer electives from which to choose, including decision analysis, artificial intelligence, and clinical information systems. Courses in basic literature searching and decision making are
Measuring Total Immunoglobulin E Is Useful in Detecting Exacerbations and Monitoring Treatment in Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Treated with Omalizumab
Authors: Irina Bobolea, Consuelo Fernandez, Rocío Díaz Campos, Carlos Melero, Ramón Vives
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Improving acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) outcome in developing countries through networking, results of the International Consortium on APL
Authors: Eduardo M. Rego, Haesook T. Kim, Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles, Maria Soledad Undurraga, Maria del Rosario Uriarte, Rafael H. Jacomo, Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Raul A. M. Melo, Rosane Bittencourt, Ricardo Pasquini, Katia Pagnano, Evandro M. Fagundes, Maria de Lourdes Chauffaille, Carlos S. Chiattone, Lem Martinez, Luis A. Meillón, David Gómez-Almaguer, Hau C. Kwaan, Javier Garcés-Eisele, Robert Gallagher, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Stanley L. Schrier, Martin Tallman, David Grimwade, Arnold Ganser, Nancy Berliner, Raul C. Ribeiro, Francesco Lo-Coco, Bob Löwenberg, Miguel A. Sanz
Journal: Blood (2013)
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AS A COMPLICATION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: BRADFORD GREEN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Bronchial asthma as a complication of pregnancy would seem to be found rarely, since a review of the literature from 1920 reveals a remarkable paucity of information on the subject. It is noteworthy that most of the work reported has been published in foreign medical journals and, in a few cases, subsequently abstracted in the American journals.<sup>1</sup>It will therefore be of value to put on record the two cases reported herein and give a brief summary of the condition and the accepted views as to the prognosis and treatment. The bronchial asthma occurring during pregnancy may be divided into two separate and distinct groups; namely, those in which a previous history of asthma can be obtained and those in which the asthma seems to be a direct result of the sexual cycle or pregnancy. Group I includes those in whom the asthmatic attacks are directly traceable to sensitization
NSAIDs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: True risks or only suspicions?
Authors: B. Schiavetti
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The finding of Li et al of an association between an increased risk of miscarriage and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relies on biased data.1 For the same cohort of women, previous analysis showed that exposure to magnetic fields was a risk factor for miscarriage,2 and this variable should have been included. Moreover, 103/170 …
Relation between systemic hypertension and sleep hypoxaemia or snoring: analysis in 748 men drawn from general practice.
Authors: J R Stradling, J H Crosby
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To establish whether a history of snoring or the degree of overnight hypoxaemia is an important independent predictor of systemic blood pressure. DESIGN--Prospective community based study of blood pressure in relation to overnight oxygen saturation, height, weight, and a questionnaire assessment of snoring, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Analysis was by multiple linear regression techniques and analysis of variance. SETTING--Small town outside Oxford, served by one group general practice of four partners. All measurements were made at home. SUBJECTS--The names of 836 men aged 35-65 were drawn at random from the general practitioners9 age and sex register and the men then asked to participate; 752 (90%) agreed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures and their association with age, obesity, alcohol consumption, cigarette consumption, snoring, and overnight hypoxaemia. RESULTS--Though systemic blood pressure correlated significantly with overnight hypoxaemia, this was due to the cross correlation with age, obesity, and alcohol consumption. No independent predictive effect of overnight hypoxaemia was found. Snoring was correlated with systemic blood pressure but not significantly so and also was not an independent predictor once age, obesity, and alcohol consumption had been allowed for. CONCLUSIONS--It is unlikely that snoring and sleep hypoxaemia from occult sleep apnoea are important causes of diurnal systemic hypertension when compared with age, obesity, and alcohol consumption. The increased prevalence of cardiovascular complications reported in snorers may be due to the confounding variable of obesity or to nocturnal rises in blood pressure that are not reflected in the daytime figures.
Defensive Medicine—Legally Necessary but Ethically Wrong?
Authors: Allen Kachalia, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Duke/UNC to helm the JCI in March 2012
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

based at Duke, the University of North Carolina, and Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore.Rockman has studied molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, concentrating on the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors and their downstream signaling pathways.The JCI recently sat down with Rockman to discuss his visions for the journal.JCI: Why do you think Duke and UNC are the right place to house the JCI?Rockman: The scientists at Duke and UNC are really outstanding.I've spent a lot of time speaking with the proposed Editors, and they're ready for it.They're energetic, they're committed, and they're excellent scientists.
Tonsillitis and otitis media
Authors: N K Saha
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Self-harm and suicidal behaviour represent major global health problems, which account for significant proportions of the disease burden in low-income and middle-income countries, including Ghana. This review aims to synthesise the available and accessible evidence on prevalence estimates, correlates, risk and protective factors, the commonly reported methods and reasons for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Ghana. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will conduct a systematic review reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (2009) recommendations. Regional and global electronic databases (African Journals OnLine, African Index Medicus, APA PsycINFO, Global Health, MEDLINE and PubMed) will be searched systematically up to December 2021 for observational studies and qualitative studies that have reported prevalence estimates, correlates, risk and protective factors, methods and reasons for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Ghana. The electronic database searches will be supplemented with reference harvesting and grey literature searching in Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global for postgraduate dissertations. Only records in English will be included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018) will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis or narrative synthesis or both will be used, contingent on the extent of heterogeneity across eligible observational studies. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Considering that this is a systematic review of accessible and available literature, we will not seek ethical approval. On completion, this review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, be disseminated publicly at (mental) health conferences with focus on self-harm and suicide prevention. The important findings would also be shared with key national stakeholder groups in Ghana: Ghana Association for Suicide Prevention, Ghana Mental Health Authority, Ghana Psychological Association, Centre for Suicide and Violence Research, Accra and the Parliamentary Select Committee on Health. <h3>Prospero registration number</h3> CRD42021234622.
Managing the Airway During Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Henry E. Wang, Donald M. Yealy
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIETARY EFFECTS ON SERUM-PHYTANIC-ACID LEVELS AND ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN HEREDOPATHIA ATACTICA POLYNEURITIFORMIS
Authors: Lorentz Eldjarn, Kenneth Try, Oddvar Stokke, AndersW Munthe-Kaas, Sigvald Refsum, Daniel Steinberg, Joel Avigan, Charles Mize
Journal: The Lancet (1966)
Coding of clinical diagnoses. Clerical and medical errors contribute to inaccuracy.
Authors: A Ferguson, J Murchison, J R Barton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

view of the great variation in management,' the results of such a trial would help women with bleeding in early pregnancy, and their general practitioners, decide what is best.Women are dissatisfied with the care that they receive when they miscarry,4 and the lack of effective treatment for threatened miscarriage probably contributes to their dissatisfaction.Perhaps, it is the medicalisation of miscarriage-a sad but common physiological event-that has greatly contributed to women's dissatisfaction.If so, we as doctors have only ourselves to blame.
Characterization of pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like lesions in the skin of patients with ?-thalassemia
Authors: Miranda Baccarani-Contri, Barbara Bacchelli, Federica Boraldi, Daniela Quaglino, Francesca Taparelli, Elena Carnevalia, Maria Angela Francomano, Stefania Seidenari, Vincenzo Bettoli, Vincenzo De Sanctis, Ivonne Pasquali-Ronchetti
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)