tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Young Women
Authors: Nancy J. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Ever since the Baroness de Dudevant (Chopin's mistress, Paris, circa 1840) purportedly became the first woman to don men's trousers and smoke in public,<sup>1</sup>smoking by women has become indelibly intertwined with images of independence, fashion, and attractiveness. At the turn of this century, few women smoked. Female smoking prevalence did not exceed 25% until World War II, when it was still half that of men's. Smoking prevalence in men has declined substantially, by almost half, from 51.9% in 1965 to 28.1% in 1991, while women's prevalence has diminished by only about one third, from 33.9% to 23.5%, respectively.<sup>2</sup>If these trends continue, smoking prevalence for women may, early in the next century, equal that of men. Women have, indeed, "come a long way." The uptake of smoking by women evolved via social and economic forces. Smoking became a symbol of emancipation and defiance. This symbolism was not
Rights and Responsibilities in Health Care
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>BRCA1</i> CpG Island Hypermethylation Predicts Sensitivity to Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate)- Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Jurgen Veeck, Santiago Ropero, Fernando Setien, Eva Gonzalez-Suarez, Ana Osorio, Javier Benitez, James G. Herman, Manel Esteller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
The Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation
Authors: James N. Weiss, Zhilin Qu, Peng-Sheng Chen, Shien-Fong Lin, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Hideki Hayashi, Alan Garfinkel, Alain Karma
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Reentry occurs when the electrical wave propagating through the atria or ventricles breaks locally and forms a rotor (also called a scroll wave or functional reentry). If the waves propagating outward from a rotor develop additional wavebreaks (which may form new rotors), fibrillation results. Tissue heterogeneity, exacerbated by electrical and structural remodeling from cardiac disease, has traditionally been considered the major factor promoting wavebreak and its degeneration to fibrillation. Recently, however, dynamic factors have also been recognized to play a key role. Dynamic factors refer to cellular properties of the cardiac action potential and Ca(i) cycling, which dynamically generate wave instability and wavebreak, even in tissue that is initially completely homogeneous. Although the latter situation can only be created in computer simulations, its relevance to real (heterogeneous) cardiac tissue has been unequivocally demonstrated. Dynamic factors are related to membrane voltage (Vm) and Ca(i). Vm factors include electrical restitution of action potential duration and conduction velocity, short-term cardiac memory, and electrotonic currents. Ca(i) factors are related to dynamic Ca(i) cycling properties. They act synergistically, as well as with tissue heterogeneity, to promote wavebreak and fibrillation. As global properties, rather than local electrophysiological characteristics, dynamic factors represent an attractive target for novel therapies to prevent ventricular fibrillation.
A new statistic and its power to infer membership in a genome-wide association study using genotype frequencies
Authors: Kevin B Jacobs, Meredith Yeager, Sholom Wacholder, David Craig, Peter Kraft, David J Hunter, Justin Paschal, Teri A Manolio, Margaret Tucker, Robert N Hoover, Gilles D Thomas, Stephen J Chanock, Nilanjan Chatterjee
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Bone Scan Detection of Renal Vein Thrombosis Secondary to Hypernephroma
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Detection of renal vein thrombosis with osseous scintigraphy has been reported previously. An additional case is presented that is secondary to a hypernephroma. The observation is significant, it is known that patients with hypernephroma in addition to renal vein thrombosis have a worse prognosis.
The influence of the vehicle on the synthesis of porphyrins after topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Implications in cutaneous photodynamic sensitization
Authors: A. Casas, H. Fukuda, G. Di Venosa, A.M. Del C.batlle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

The optimal vehicle to ensure adequate penetration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) for its use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin lesions has not been determined.We aimed to study the effects of ALA in various vehicle formulations [saline lotion with and without dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), cream, liposomes and vaseline] after topical application in a murine subcutaneous adenocarcinoma model.The effect of DMSO on porphyrin synthesis and ALA penetration through the skin was studied by measuring the uptake of 14C label from ALA, ALA and porphobilinogen accumulation, and some haem enzyme activities. The tissue distribution and kinetics of porphyrin synthesis after topical application of ALA entrapped in large multilamellar liposomes was also determined.ALA in saline lotion, alone or with 10% DMSO, proved to be the most efficient vehicle for tumour porphyrin accumulation (mean +/- SD 1.75 +/- 0.25 and 2.09 +/- 0.39 microg g-1, respectively), whereas cream and liposomes induced lower levels and identical porphyrin accumulation (0.60 microg g-1). Using ALA + DMSO saline lotion, a higher porphyrin accumulation was found in skin overlying the tumour tissue and in the first 2 mm of tumour, probably due to increased ALA penetration, or greater interconversion to porphyrins, or greater retention of ALA and/or porphyrins.These findings reinforce the importance of the vehicle in topical ALA-based PDT, and explain the mechanism of action of DMSO in enhancing protoporphyrin IX biosynthesis in superficial lesions.
Pure-Food Analyses in South Dakota.
Authors: Henry Leffmann.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Philadelphia, March 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I desire to direct the attention of the medical profession generally to some valuable results recently published by Prof. James H. Shepard, chemist to the South Dakota food department. These are careful analyses of high class commercial whiskies, published in a bulletin issued by the department. There are few topics in the analysis of foods and beverages on which it is more difficult to get calm and scientific judgment than on whisky. The widespread use of this substance by all classes and the evident baleful effects of such use in many instances, has led to much casuistry. The humble citizen who gets drunk gives himself, as a rule, no concern as to moral responsibility. He drinks to secure the physiologic condition which whisky in full doses produces. The more cultured citizen frequently tries to find some excuse for his habit, or failing in
Discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome: a personal perspective
Authors: Peter C. Nowell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Almost 50 years ago, David Hungerford and I noticed an abnormally small chromosome in cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This article is a personal perspective of the events leading to the discovery of this chromosome, which became known as the Philadelphia chromosome. As technology advanced over subsequent decades, the translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome has been identified, its role in the development of CML has been confirmed, and a therapy directed against the abnormal protein it produces has shown promising results in the treatment of patients with CML.
Acute tuberculous lymphadenopathy in an immunosuppressed patient.
Authors: J H Winter, J S Legge
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Tuberculosis lymphadenitis in an immuno- suppressed patient may be acute and resemble an acute pyogenic bacterial infection *. s ~~~V The patient on the second day after admission to hospital, showing an erythematous swelling on the left side of the neck and skin destruction on the face.sensitive to streptomycin, aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid, rifampicin, thiacetazone, cycloserine, pyrazinamide, and prothionamide.A chest x-ray examination showed patchy diffuse consolidation in the right upper zone and a dense area of consolidation just below the left first rib with an area of possible cavitation.X-ray films of the neck showed no evidence
Deleterious Effects of Hypertension on the Development of Aortic and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Stumptail Macaques ( <i>Macaca Speciosa</i> ) on an Atherogenic Diet
Authors: RUTH PICK, PHILIP J. JOHNSON, GERALD GLICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Utilizing the stumptail macaque, we studied the atherosclerotic lesions produced in the aorta and coronary arteries by an atherogenic diet alone and by the diet coupled with hypertension produced by a modified Goldblatt technique. One group of monkeys was subjected concomitantly to the diet and hypertension for 10-12 months; a second group was on the diet for 29-32 months, but hypertension was induced for only the last 7-9 months of this period. In both of these groups, hypertension led to more severe lesions in the aorta. When an index of coronary involvement was plotted as a function of either arterial systolic or diastolic blood pressure, a significant correlation was found in both groups of monkeys. Additionally, in the monkeys with hypertension, morphologic criteria indicated that increased amounts of elastic fibers were present in the plaques in a disorganized, fragmented manner; in the monkeys on the diet alone, the elastic fibers were disposed in well-formed, reduplicated lamellas. Fat deposition was also different between these two groups: fat was located in the depths and at the periphery of the lesions in the hypertensive monkeys, whereas it was evenly dispersed throughout the plaques in the monkeys on the atherogenic diet alone. Thus, hypertension coupled with an atherogenic diet increases the extent of aortic and coronary lesions in proportion to the elevation in arterial blood pressure and, furthermore, may modify the morphologic characteristics of the lesions.
Variability in airborne and biological measures of exposure to mercury in the chloralkali industry: implications for epidemiologic studies.
Authors: E Symanski, G Sällsten, L Barregård
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Exposure assessment is a critical component of epidemiologic studies, and more sophisticated approaches require that variation in exposure be considered. We examined the intra- and interindividual sources of variation in exposure to mercury vapor as measured in air, blood, and urine among four groups of workers during 1990-1997 at a Swedish chloralkali plant. Consistent with the underlying kinetics of mercury in the body, the variability of biological measures was dampened considerably relative to the variation in airborne levels. Owing to the effects of intraindividual variation, estimating workers' exposures from a few measurements can attenuate measures of effect. To examine such effects on studies relating long-term exposure to a continuous health outcome, we evaluated the utility of each exposure measure by comparing the necessary sample sizes required for accurate estimation of a slope coefficient obtained from a regression analysis. No single measure outperformed the others for all groups of workers. However, when workers were evaluated together, creatinine-corrected urinary mercury better discriminated workers' exposures than airborne or blood mercury levels. Thus, pilot studies should be conducted to examine variability in both air and biomonitoring data because quantitative information about the relative magnitude of the intra- and interindividual sources of variation feeds directly into our efforts to design an optimal sampling strategy when evaluating health risks associated with occupational or environmental contaminants.
The lot of airline pilots and consultants is not so different
Authors: C. Trask
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—A day in the life of a hospital consultant: is it so different from that of an airline pilot?1 Awake from a restless night. Study the latest directive from the flying tsar. Finish off writing lecture notes on emergency landing procedures. Set off to airport via a charity coffee morning to receive cheque to buy a new pilot seat.

Arrive Stansted. Pilots' …
Occupational asthma in an isothiazolinone manufacturing plant
Authors: S. J. Bourke, R. P. Convery, S. C. Stenton, R. M. Malcolm, D. J. Hendrick
Journal: Thorax (1997)

A chemical plant operator developed asthma five months after starting work in an isothiazolinone manufacturing plant. He described symptoms of late asthmatic reactions after work with isothiazolinone. Airway responsiveness to methacholine improved tenfold when he was removed from the plant for 18 days. A workplace challenge study then resulted in a deterioration in airway responsiveness to its earlier level and in progressive falls in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over three days at work compared with control days, indicating statistically significant late asthmatic reactions of increasing severity.
Good national data needed
Authors: C. Sherlaw-Johnson, N. Bishop, H. Wood
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Appropriate nutrition and growth are vital components of neonatal care. The most commonly used measures of growth in neonates are weight and head circumference, but these have limitations. Linear growth measurement is the best indicator of dietary adequacy and it most closely relates to lean body mass. There is currently no standardised practice of assessment of length in the neonatal period. <h3>Methods</h3> We are keen to investigate whether length measurement is being used as a growth parameter for neonates in England. A survey of all tertiary neonatal units in England was conducted in August 2013. Questionnaire completed via phone calls or e mails. 3 main domains were surveyed: practice of measuring length, methods used and barriers to routine practice. <h3>Results</h3> Response rate was 98% from 43/44 tertiary neonatal units in England. 44% of the units do measure length. Of which, less than half measure at birth/admission but many measure when infants are more stable. Measuring mat/tape and the Leicester incubator scale were the most commonly used equipment. Barriers to not measure were doubts of usefulness and accuracy in 10/23 (43%) and 7/23 (30%) respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is no standardised procedure for measuring length in tertiary neonatal units in England. We proposed that there should be a standardised protocol for the assessment of growth during the neonatal period. This should include regular measurements of weight, head circumference and linear growth. Need for further research, training and education are urgent.
Critical Oxygen Delivery in Patients With Sepsis-Reply
Authors: Juan J. Ronco
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Drs Bredle and Reinhart contend that our data do not refute the approach of increasing Do 2 to supranormal levels in critically ill patients to increase Vo 2 and hopefully improve outcome. They are right. Our study was not designed to test this hypothesis. However, our study and others have more clearly delineated the relationship between Do 2 and Vo 2 in humans and demonstrated that the rationale for increasing Do 2 to supranormal levels is based on an incorrect understanding of this relationship.  The technique of increasing Do 2 to supranormal levels in critically ill patients has been based on the rationale that tissue hypoxia is present despite aggressive early resuscitation and return of adequate tissue perfusion according to traditional clinical and laboratory measurement. The presence of tissue hypoxia in these patients has been inferred from finding a correlation between Do 2 and Vo 2 when Do
Which Cineangiographically Assessed Anatomic Variable Correlates Best With Functional Measurements of Stenosis Severity? A Comparison of Quantitative Analysis of the Coronary Cineangiogram with Measured Coronary Flow Reserve and Exercise/Redistribution Thallium-201 Scintigraphy
Authors: Felix Zijlstra, Paolo Fioretti, Johan H.C. Reiber, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
How to measure renal function in clinical practice
Authors: David J Preiss, Ian M Godber, Ian R Gunn
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Traynor et al state that serum creatinine concentration, and therefore eGFR, may only be slightly affected by ingestion of meat.1 In the data from the modification of diet in renal disease study that were used to generate the eGFR equations,2 samples were taken from predominantly fasting subjects (AS Levey, personal communication). In clinical practice, however, samples for serum creatinine concentration and eGFR are generally used in situations …
Improved Air Quality and Attenuated Lung Function Decline: Modification by Obesity in the SAPALDIA Cohort
Authors: Tamara Schikowski, Emmanuel Schaffner, Flurina Meier, Harish C. Phuleria, Andrea Vierkötter, Christian Schindler, Susi Kriemler, Elisabeth Zemp, Ursula Krämer, Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux, Thierry Rochat, Joel Schwartz, Nino Künzli, Nicole Probst-Hensch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Air pollution and obesity are hypothesized to contribute to accelerated decline in lung function with age through their inflammatory properties.Objective: We investigated whether the previously reported association between improved air quality and lung health in the population-based SAPALDIA cohort is modified by obesity.Methods: We used adjusted mixed-model analyses to estimate the association of average body mass index (BMI) and changes in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10; ΔPM10) with lung function decline over a 10-year follow-up period.Results: Lung function data and complete information were available for 4,664 participants. Age-related declines in lung function among participants with high average BMI were more rapid for FVC (forced vital capacity), but slower for FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/FVC) and FEF25–75 (forced expiratory flow at 25–75%) than declines among those with low or normal average BMI. Improved air quality was associated with attenuated reductions in FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75, and FEF25–75/FVC over time among low- and normal-BMI participants, but not overweight or obese participants. The attenuation was most pronounced for ΔFEF25–75/FVC (30% and 22% attenuation in association with a 10-μg/m3 decrease in PM10 among low- and normal-weight participants, respectively.)Conclusion: Our results point to the importance of considering health effects of air pollution exposure and obesity in parallel. Further research must address the mechanisms underlying the observed interaction.Citation: Schikowski T, Schaffner E, Meier F, Phuleria HC, Vierkötter A, Schindler C, Kriemler S, Zemp E, Krämer U, Bridevaux P-O, Rochat T, Schwartz J, Künzli N, Probst-Hensch N. 2013. Improved air quality and attenuated lung function decline: modification by obesity in the SAPALDIA cohort. Environ Health Perspect 121:1034–1039; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206145
THORAZINE AS AN EPILEPTOGENIC AGENT
Authors: WILLIAM S. MCCABE, JOSEPH A. HABOVICK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Thorazine is not an epileptogenic agent, instead it acts synergistically with Dilantin and Mysoline to reduce both the number and severity of grand mal seizures. An incidental finding was that Dilantin significantly alters the behavior of a number of schizophrenics when added to their daily medication indicating a stimulation of schizophrenic-like behavior in a certain number of sub-threshold (sub-clinical) convulsive individuals.
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study
Authors: Deborah Grady, Nanette K. Wenger, David Herrington, Steven Khan, Curt Furberg, Donald Hunninghake, Eric Vittinghoff, Stephen Hulley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Oral contraceptive use increases risk for venous thromboembolism, but data on the effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy are limited. Objective: To determine the effect of therapy with estrogen plus progestin on risk for venous thromboembolic events in postmenopausal women. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 20 clinical centers in the United States. Participants: 2763 postmenopausal women younger than 80 years of age (mean age, 67 years) who had coronary heart disease but no previous venous thromboembolism and had not had a hysterectomy. Intervention: Conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg, in one tablet (n = 1380) or placebo that was identical in appearance (n = 1383). Measurements: Documented deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Results: During an average of 4.1 years of follow-up, 34 women in the hormone therapy group and 13 in the placebo group experienced venous thromboembolic events (relative hazard, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.4 to 5.0] [P = 0.003]; excess risk, 3.9 per 1000 woman-years [CI, 1.4 to 6.4 per 1000 woman-years]; number needed to treat for harm, 256 [CI, 157 to 692]). In multivariate analysis, the risk for venous thromboembolism was increased among women who had lower-extremity fractures (relative hazard, 18.1 [CI, 5.4 to 60.4]) or cancer (relative hazard, 3.9 [CI, 1.6 to 9.4]) and for 90 days after inpatient surgery (relative hazard, 4.9 [CI, 2.4 to 9.8]) or nonsurgical hospitalization (relative hazard, 5.7 [CI, 3.0 to 10.8]). Risk was decreased with aspirin (relative hazard, 0.5 [CI, 0.2 to 0.8]) or statin use (relative hazard, 0.5 [CI, 0.2 to 0.9]). Conclusions: Postmenopausal therapy with estrogen plus progestin increases risk for venous thromboembolism in women with coronary heart disease. This risk should be considered when the risks and benefits of therapy are being weighed.