tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The High Frequency of Pharyngeal Gonococcal Infection in a Prenatal Clinic Population
Authors: Lourdes C. Corman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In a prospective study to determine the relative frequency of isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the throat, rectum, and urogenital tract in a pregnant population, 31 episodes of gonococcal infection at one or more sites were found in 29 pregnant patients (4.0% of 723 prenatal clinic patients). The throat was the only positive culture site in 11 of the 31 gonococcal infections. Cultures obtained on the first prenatal clinic visit detected only 71% of the gonococcal infections. Pharyngeal gonococcal infection occurred in 7 of 19 patients who denied the practice of fellatio. All patients were cured with the antibiotic regimens used. These data suggest that when selecting sites for culture of N gonorrhoeae in pregnant women, at least the pharynx be cultured in addition to the endocervix, and that patients be reexamined systematically during the entire course of pregnancy.  ( JAMA 230:568-570, 1974)
Pain revisited: evidence for opioids
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I upset many by asserting that the widespread use of strong opioids for pain in diseases other than cancer was a disaster in the making, after a doubling in the number of prescriptions in a decade ( BMJ 2010;340:b5683, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5683). Since then I have immersed myself in the evidence, and I have come to only one certain conclusion: the pain community is well intentioned. But the process again makes me question the role of evidence based medicine. It was once touted to be our saviour, but its flaws are little understood, and “evidence” is given a …
Fashions and fractures.
Authors: C D Lightowler
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Bacteria use diverse immune systems to defend themselves from ubiquitous viruses termed bacteriophages (phages). Many anti-phage systems function by abortive infection to kill a phage-infected cell, raising the question of how these systems are regulated to avoid activation and cell killing outside the context of infection. Here, we identify a transcription factor associated with the widespread CBASS bacterial immune system, that we term CapW. CapW forms a homodimer and binds a palindromic DNA sequence in the CBASS promoter region. Two crystal structures of CapW reveal how the protein switches from a DNA binding-competent state to a ligand-bound state that cannot bind DNA due to misalignment of dimer-related DNA binding domains. We show that CapW strongly represses CBASS gene expression in uninfected cells, and that CapW disruption likely results in toxicity due to uncontrolled CBASS expression. Our results parallel recent findings with BrxR, a transcription factor associated with the BREX anti-phage system, and suggest that CapW and BrxR are the founding members of a family of universal anti-phage signaling proteins.
THE TREATMENT OF NASAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: CASEY A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I find that some writers treat the whole subject of nasal duct obstruction in a sort of light and airy fashion, as if they were dealing with tarsal cysts or the removal of a foreign body from the conjunctival sac. Others run along in a most gloomy vein, entirely discouraging to the seeker after surgical consolation in the hour of doubt. These facts have impelled me to bring before you some conclusions I have arrived at, regarding the treatment of this condition, both to introduce the subject and in the hope of hearing your criticisms. First of all, how shall we distinguish between true organic stricture of the duct, and obstructions due to swelling of the mucous membrane? I have come to regard the answer to that question as a necessary preliminary to treatment and I have mostly applied this test: when the sac is enlarged and pus can be
Metabolic Changes after Aorto-iliac Occlusion
Authors: J. L. Provan
Journal: BMJ (1965)

heights of children of parents whose mean height was 69.5 in.-that is, above average stature.In the frequency series 1, 16, 4, 17, 27, 20, 33, 25, 20, 11, 4, 5, which he quotes, there are three prominent peaks.These he ignores, saying no one has paid any attention to them, that such variation is " natural with such small numbers " (actually the chance of this being so is less than 1: 100), and possibly because they were not what he was looking for.I contend that he should have been look- ing for multimodality, and in 1963 I tested this contention on the heights of 760 univer- sity students and their parents.The results, which supported the view put forward here, were published in the Lancet' in a column adjacent to a letter from Sir George and under the same heading.It is interesting that these results find no place in his recent lecture and bibliography.
The High Humidity Room for Childhood Asthma
Authors: H. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Logan's editorial comment ( Amer J Dis Child  110 : 1 [July] 1965) on a paper by Richards and Patrick ( Amer J Dis Child  110 :4) did well to draw further attention to problems of childhood asthma. Logan emphasized,  While in patients whose asthma is moderate or severe the use of  or one of the theophylline drugs will usually improve aeration, in those with status asthmaticus there will be no evidence of improvement after the administration of epinephrine. Although this lack of effect may be the result of epinephrine fastness, it is more likely due to thick secretions in the bronchial tree;  has no effect on these. It would seem as necessary to be concerned about the thick secretions in children who have asthma as in those who have cystic fibrosis.  Those who work with the child who is seriously ill with asthma must realize that in
The effect of medium-chain triglyceride on 47calcium absorption in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: K. Kehayoglou, St. Hadziyannis, P. Kostamis, B. Malamos
Journal: Gut (1973)

Calcium absorption, as measured by whole-body retention of isotopic (47)calcium, was investigated in 10 controls and 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis before and after medium-chain triglyceride therapy. Absorption of calcium was impaired in eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, three of whom had normal serum bilirubin. Mean absorption was significantly less in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis than in controls. Impaired calcium absorption correlated well with increased faecal fat excretion and less well with the intensity of jaundice. Osteoporosis was diagnosed radiologically in seven patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and calcium absorption was restored to normal in seven out of eight patients after medium-chain triglyceride therapy. Decrease of steatorrhoea, weight gain, and relief of bone pain have been noted in most patients with primary biliary cirrhosis after therapy. It is concluded that bone disease occurs early in primary biliary cirrhosis, and early medium-chain triglyceride therapy in these patients is suggested.
Nerve regeneration and elastin formation within poly(glycerol sebacate)-based synthetic arterial grafts one-year post-implantation in a rat model
Authors: Robert A. Allen, Wei Wu, Mingyi Yao, Debaditya Dutta, Xinjie Duan, Timothy N. Bachman, Hunter C. Champion, Donna B. Stolz, Anne M. Robertson, Kang Kim, Jeffrey S. Isenberg, Yadong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Abstract 564: Resistant to Erlotinib, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration and inflammation in A549, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line
Authors: Seok-Chul Yang, Kyu-Hwa Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Jae-Jun Yim, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Sung Koo Han, Young Whan Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: In recent years, a number of novel agents have been investigated that target specific molecular pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A great deal of effort has been focused on identifying specific markers that predict treatment response. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has emerged as a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and several specific EGFR inhibitors have been examined. Erlotinib, a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is clinically used to treat patients with NSCLC. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for the drug-resistance of Erlotinib and the cytotoxic effects in NSCLC cell lines treated with Erlotinib. Methods: In this study, we established an Erlotinib resistant subline (A549/ER) from parental A549 cell line. MTT assay and western blot analysis were used to measure the cell sensitivity to drugs. A549 and A549/ER cells were grown in chamber slide and stained with H&amp;E to observe the cell morphology. The migration ability of A549 and A549/ ER cells was evaluated by transwell experiment. In addition, cDNA microarray was used to analyze gene expression patterns in transcript level, and secretory cytokine patterns were evaluated with multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from A549 and A549/ER cell lines. Results: In the EGFR-TKI-resistant cell line A549/ER, cell growth inhibition by Erlotinib was only mild, and the phosphorylation of this leading target such as EGFR was not inhibited. Phenotypic changes such as a spindle-cell shape and increased pseudopodia formation suggesting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in A549/ER cells. These changes were accompanied by decreased expression of E-cadherin (ECAD) and cytokeratin-8, which are mesenchymal transition markers. Moreover, the ability of migration was increased in A549/ER cells. Different pattern of gene expression in cDNA microarray reflects changes during resistant progression in A549 cells. In experiment using multiplex ELISA, the secretory cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6, interleukin-8 known to contribute to pathological inflammation were increased in the medium of A549/ER compared to that of A549 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that the mechanism of upstream receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Erlotinib, resistance may be related with EMT, cell migration and inflammation in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 564. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-564
Streptococcus equinus Endocarditis in a Woman With Pulmonary Histiocytosis
Authors: L. A. Sechi
Journal: JAMA (2000)

To the Editor: Dr Miotti and colleagues1 found a significant decrease in the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to infants after 6 months of breastfeeding in Malawi. However, some limitations may have weakened their conclusions.
New Concepts in Gynecological Oncology
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In medical symposia the major end-products are books of collaborative authorship which are too often unevenly written and carelessly edited. This new publication on tumors of the female genital tract, edited by Lewis and his colleagues, is vastly superior to the average contribution of this type. Its chief merits are that its subject matter is well organized in logical, if overlapping, sequences and that it contains the seasoned opinions of many physicians highly experienced in this field. It should prove indispensable to anyone interested in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this specialty. The average reader will be surprised that there is so little dissent among various authorities about major unsettled problems in gynecological oncology. All agree on the virtual infallibility of the cytological method of cancer detection and attribute the declining mortality from uterine neoplasms to the widespread use of this technique. The almost equally impressive decline in incidence
Prostaglandin 15 (R) 15-methyl-E2 Methyl Ester for Suppression of Gastric Acidity in Gravida at Term
Authors: J. J. Amy, D. M. Jackson, P. A. Ganesan, S. M. M. Karim
Journal: BMJ (1973)

During the second hour after giving 100 mug of orally administered prostaglandin 15 (R) 15-methyl-E(2) methyl ester in the pregnant patient at term a noticeable reduction in basal gastric acid secretion took place. At this dose no excessive uterine stimulation was observed. Prostaglandin 15 (R) 15-methyl-E(2) methyl ester could prove of value in the preoperative preparation of the pregnant patient before anaesthesia for reducing the incidence of acid regurgitation.
Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
Authors: D E Kelley, M Mokan, J A Simoneau, L J Mandarino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The mechanism by which FFA metabolism inhibits intracellular insulin-mediated muscle glucose metabolism in normal humans is unknown. We used the leg balance technique with muscle biopsies to determine how experimental maintenance of FFA during hyperinsulinemia alters muscle glucose uptake, oxidation, glycolysis, storage, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), or glycogen synthase (GS). 10 healthy volunteers had two euglycemic insulin clamp experiments. On one occasion, FFA were maintained by lipid emulsion infusion; on the other, FFA were allowed to fall. Leg FFA uptake was monitored with [9,10-3H]-palmitate. Maintenance of FFA during hyperinsulinemia decreased muscle glucose uptake (1.57 +/- 0.31 vs 2.44 +/- 0.39 mumol/min per 100 ml tissue, P < 0.01), leg respiratory quotient (0.86 +/- 0.02 vs 0.93 +/- 0.02, P < 0.05), contribution of glucose to leg oxygen consumption (53 +/- 6 vs 76 +/- 8%, P < 0.05), and PDH activity (0.328 +/- 0.053 vs 0.662 +/- 0.176 nmol/min per mg, P < 0.05). Leg lactate balance was increased. The greatest effect of FFA replacement was reduced muscle glucose storage (0.36 +/- 0.20 vs 1.24 +/- 0.25 mumol/min per 100 ml, P < 0.01), accompanied by decreased GS fractional velocity (0.129 +/- 0.26 vs 0.169 +/- 0.033, P < 0.01). These results confirm in human skeletal muscle the existence of competition between glucose and FFA as oxidative fuels, mediated by suppression of PDH. Maintenance of FFA levels during hyperinsulinemia most strikingly inhibited leg muscle glucose storage, accompanied by decreased GS activity.
Descriptive Study of Food and Aeroallergen Sensitizations in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: A. Letran Camacho, T. Caballero Molina, A. Lucendo Villamarin, B. Cid Sánchez, M. Martín Esteban, C. López Serrano
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Preserving Scientific Debate and Patient Choice
Authors: Steven H. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a consensus conference in January 1997 to examine new evidence on the effectiveness of mammographic screening for breast cancer in women ages 40 to 49 years. After reviewing the data and hearing testimony from experts and advocates, the panel concluded that the evidence did not support a universal recommendation for or against routine mammography in this age group.<sup>1</sup>The panel advised each woman to decide with her physician, based on her personal values and risk factors, whether to have the test. Critics denounced this recommendation, accusing the panel of distorting the evidence and misleading the public.<sup>2</sup>News accounts emphasized the acrimony among health professionals and medical groups.<sup>3</sup>The US Senate passed a resolution repudiating the panel, demanded revised guidelines, and convened investigative hearings.<sup>4,5</sup>Finally, in March the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommended that all women
Pneumococcal bacteraemia: 325 episodes diagnosed at St Thomas's Hospital.
Authors: W R Gransden, S J Eykyn, I Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Three hundred and twenty five episodes of pneumococcal bacteraemia occurred at St Thomas9s Hospital during 1970-84, accounting for 13.3% of all episodes of bacteraemia. Twice as many cases occurred in male as in female patients, and common predisposing factors included chronic chest disease, alcoholism, haematological malignancies, cirrhosis, and sickle cell anaemia. Mortality was 28.6% overall but only 11.8% among patients who received antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours. Most patients (261) had pneumonia, 26 had meningitis, and eight were children with occult bacteraemia. The commonest serotype of pneumococcus in adults was type 3 (39 episodes), and these strains were associated with a high mortality. Other factors determining a fatal outcome included underlying disease (such as cirrhosis, malignancy, and chronic chest disease) and extrapulmonary infection. Almost half the survivors were treated for 10 days or less and became afebrile within 48 hours.
Israeli forces attack medical facilities in Gaza and destroy brand new hospital
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Israeli forces have blown up a hospital in eastern Gaza City, after forcing staff and patients to evacuate with telephoned threats and missile strikes. The al-Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital, still full of valuable medical equipment, was completely demolished from the air on 23 July after Israeli security officials confirmed by telephone with the hospital’s director that it was empty of staff and patients.

On the same evening, Israeli artillery incapacitated Gaza’s biggest generating station, responsible for providing half the enclave’s electricity. The grid is running at roughly 10% of capacity. About half of Gaza’s buildings have running water.

Operation Protective Edge has now killed over 1030 Palestinians, including 217 children, and wounded around 5000. Many towns are completely cut off, although a brief truce on 23 July allowed Red Cross and Red Crescent ambulance convoys to evacuate wounded people from some stricken areas.

Gaza was already one of the world’s most crowded places before Israel demanded that civilians quit a 3 km wide strip along its eastern border, which covers 44% of its territory. “There is literally no safe place for civilians,” said Jens Laerke, spokesman for the United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs, a statement underlined two days later when Israeli shells killed 16 and wounded over 100 people sheltering in a UN school.

The number of displaced people has reached over 118 000, twice the figure in the 2009 campaign, and is still climbing steeply. The toll on civil infrastructure has been heavy, with over 3000 homes, 46 schools, and 54 mosques damaged in the first two weeks. Sixteen hospitals and clinics have also come under fire, the World Health Organization has said.1

Ambulances and paramedics have historically suffered heavily in Israeli operations in Gaza, but the current campaign has put hospitals themselves on …
Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yechiel Levkovitz, Moshe Isserles, Frank Padberg, Sarah H. Lisanby, Alexander Bystritsky, Guohua Xia, Aron Tendler, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Jaron L. Winston, Pinhas Dannon, Hisham M. Hafez, Irving M. Reti, Oscar G. Morales, Thomas E. Schlaepfer, Eric Hollander, Joshua A. Berman, Mustafa M. Husain, Uzi Sofer, Ahava Stein, Shmulik Adler, Lisa Deutsch, Frederic Deutsch, Yiftach Roth, Mark S. George, Abraham Zangen
Journal: World Psychiatry (2015)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling condition, and many patients do not respond to available treatments. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is a new technology allowing non-surgical stimulation of relatively deep brain areas. This is the first double-blind randomized controlled multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of dTMS in MDD. We recruited 212 MDD outpatients, aged 22–68 years, who had either failed one to four antidepressant trials or not tolerated at least two antidepressant treatments during the current episode. They were randomly assigned to monotherapy with active or sham dTMS. Twenty sessions of dTMS (18 Hz over the prefrontal cortex) were applied during 4 weeks acutely, and then biweekly for 12 weeks. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were the change in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21) score and response/remission rates at week 5, respectively. dTMS induced a 6.39 point improvement in HDRS-21 scores, while a 3.28 point improvement was observed in the sham group (p=0.008), resulting in a 0.76 effect size. Response and remission rates were higher in the dTMS than in the sham group (response: 38.4 vs. 21.4%, p=0.013; remission: 32.6 vs. 14.6%, p=0.005). These differences between active and sham treatment were stable during the 12-week maintenance phase. dTMS was associated with few and minor side effects apart from one seizure in a patient where a protocol violation occurred. These results suggest that dTMS constitutes a novel intervention in MDD, which is efficacious and safe in patients not responding to antidepressant medications, and whose effect remains stable over 3 months of maintenance treatment.
Esophageal Involvement With Mediastinal Granuloma
Authors: Russell J. Dukes
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A review of 95 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with mediastinal granuloma indicated that ten (10.5%) had esophageal involvement. The primary complaint was dysphagia. Esophageal roentgenographic features included compression, stricture, diverticulum, sinus tract formation, and tracheoesophageal fistula. An esophagogram should be included in the workup of any patient with suspected mediastinal granuloma.
Recurrent Paroxysmal Tachycardia with Syncope Simulating Venticular Asystole
Authors: R. C. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Recurrent Paroxysmal Tachycardia with Syncope Simulating Ventricular Asystole Paroxysmal tachycardia is readily recognized by the clinical detection of rapid heart action in most instances.If syncope ensues this is the result of reduced cardiac output.When circulatory collapse is extreme the clinical appearances may be indistinguishable from those due to ventricular asystole.The following case is recorded in which there occurred 62 attacks of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with profound hypotension, impalpable peripheral pulses, inaudible heart sounds, apnoea, and syncope.
Assay used in serum screening for Down's syndrome may depend on ethnic make up of population
Authors: L Gilbert, J. Nicholl, A. Mander
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The purpose of our report on serum screening for Down's syndrome was to “highlight the need for outcome data on [such screening] to be collected by ethnic group.”1 We argued that only when this is done can problems specific to different ethnic groups (such as important differences in the incidence of Down's syndrome pregnancies and in the medians of …
Etretinate and the nail (study of 130 cases): possible mechanisms of its side-effects
Authors: Robert Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

In most disorders of the nail in which the aromatic retinoid etretinate has been used, the results have been generally disappointing. The exception is its success in acropustulosis. In other dermatological conditions, the same therapeutic regime may induce a variety of unwanted effects on the nail apparatus, including chronic paronychia, onycholysis, onychomadesis, nail shedding, onychoschizia, fragility and periungual granulation tissue. Many of these changes resemble those found in psoriasis, particularly psoriatic paronychia. In this presentation, parallels will be drawn between psoriatic pathology and retinoid desquamative dermatitis which resembles it in producing similar discharge from beneath the proximal nail fold. This may be the basis for the nail signs induced by etretinate.