tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymer of proline analogue with sustained antifibrotic activity in lung fibrosis.
Authors: M J Greco, J E Kemnitzer, J D Fox, J K Choe, J Kohn, D J Riley, G J Poiani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Inhibitors of collagen such as cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) may ameliorate bleomycin (bleo)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. An alternating polymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lysine (PEG-Lys) with cHyp attached as a pendant side chain was prepared for intratracheal delivery with bioinactive trans-Hyp (tHyp) polymer as control. To test whether the cHyp polymer has prolonged lung retention and sustained antifibrotic activity, we first instilled 3H- and 14C-labeled cHyp polymer in normal rats. Lung retention was 86 +/- 9% at 6 h and 29 +/- 3% at 7 d (n = 5). Next, rats were instilled intratracheally with either saline (sal) or 1.2 U bleo, and the following treatment groups were studied: Bleo/sal; Bleo/cHyp polymer; Bleo/tHyp polymer; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp. The dose of the test agents was 150 mg/kg polymer containing 8.5 mg/kg cHyp or tHyp instilled intratracheally at 7 and 14 d after bleo. At 21 d, hydroxyproline content (mg/lung) was: Control, 1.8 +/- 0.1; Bleo/sal 4.0 +/- 0.1*; Bleo/cHyp polymer, 2.8 +/- 0.3*+; Bleo/tHyp polymer, 4.4 +/- 0.2*; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp, 4.0 +/- 0.1* (*p < 0.05 versus Control; +p < 0.05 versus Bleo/sal; n = 5/group). The cHyp polymer also reduced lung total protein content, but the decrease was not significant. The dose required to produce 50% inhibition of lung collagen was approximately 700-fold less than monomeric cHyp. Thus, the cHyp polymer is a potent, long-acting antifibrotic agent which may be useful in treating lung fibrosis.
Polymorphisms in Iron Homeostasis Genes and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations among Nonsmoking Women in Argentina and Bangladesh
Authors: Gerda Rentschler, Maria Kippler, Anna Axmon, Rubhana Raqib, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Staffan Skerfving, Marie Vahter, Karin Broberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a human toxicant and carcinogen. Genetic variation might affect long-term accumulation. Cd is absorbed via iron transporters.Objectives: We evaluated the impact of iron homeostasis genes [divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2), transferrin (TF), transferrin receptors (TFR2 and TFRC), and ferroportin (SLC40A1)] on Cd accumulation.Methods: Subjects were nonsmoking women living in the Argentinean Andes [n = 172; median urinary Cd (U-Cd) = 0.24 µg/L] and Bangladesh (n = 359; U-Cd = 0.54 µg/L) with Cd exposure mainly from food. Concentrations of U-Cd and Cd in whole blood or in erythrocytes (Ery-Cd) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fifty polymorphisms were genotyped by Sequenom. Gene expression was measured in whole blood (n = 72) with Illumina DirectHyb HumanHT-12 v4.0.Results: TFRC rs3804141 was consistently associated with U-Cd. In the Andean women, mean U-Cd concentrations were 22% (95% CI: –2, 51%), and they were 56% (95% CI: 10, 120%) higher in women with GA and AA genotypes, respectively, relative to women with the GG genotype. In the Bangladeshi women, mean U-Cd concentrations were 22% (95% CI: 1, 48%), and they were 58% (95% CI: –3, 157%) higher in women with GA and AA versus GG genotype, respectively [adjusted for age and plasma ferritin in both groups; ptrend = 0.006 (Andes) and 0.009 (Bangladesh)]. TFRC expression in blood was negatively correlated with plasma ferritin (rS = –0.33, p = 0.006), and positively correlated with Ery-Cd (significant at ferritin concentrations of < 30 µg/L only, rS = 0.40, p = 0.046). Rs3804141 did not modify these associations or predict TFRC expression. Cd was not consistently associated with any of the other polymorphisms evaluated.Conclusions: One TFRC polymorphism was associated with urine Cd concentration, a marker of Cd accumulation in the kidney, in two very different populations. The consistency of the findings supports the possibility of a causal association.
Neogenomic events challenge current models of heritability, neuronal plasticity dynamics, and machine learning
Authors: Cláudio Eduardo Corrêa Teixeira, Nelson Monte de Carvalho-Filho, Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract We address current needs for neogenomics-based theoretical and computational approaches for several neuroscience research fields, from investigations of heritability properties, passing by investigations of spatiotemporal dynamics in the neuromodulatory microcircuits involved in perceptual learning and attentional shifts, to the application of genetic algorithms to create robots exhibiting ongoing emergence.
CORYNEBACTERIAL PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS IN MICE
Authors: Cynthia H. Pierce-Chase, Robert M. Fauve, Rene Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The susceptibility of mice to experimental infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri was studied by comparing the host response to this organism of mice obtained from 31 different colonies, representing 15 different genetic types. A standardized infective dose, administered intravenously, made it possible to separate the animals into two sharply differentiated groups. All the animals of the following colonies died: Swiss Lynch, Swiss R/J, A/Jax, Princeton, RFVL, and CF1 (SPF). All the animals of the following colonies survived: CFW, ICR, Balb/C, BSVS, BRVR, RIII, YBR/He, DBA/2 (from 3 different colonies), and C57B1/6 (from 12 different colonies). The two highly inbred strains, Swiss Lynch and C57Bl/6, were selected as prototypes of susceptible and resistant animals respectively, for more detailed studies. Following injection of an infective dose of 0.2 x 10–4 ml of culture of C. kutscheri, all Swiss Lynch animals died within 3 to 11 days (the majority within 4 to 7 days); whereas all C57Bl/6 animals survived. The outcome of the infection in each strain was independent of age and sex of the animals. In Swiss Lynch animals, the corynebacteria multiplied rapidly in lungs, liver, kidneys, and to some extent in the spleen. In C57Bl/6 mice, there was no increase of the corynebacterial population in the lungs, liver, or spleen, but multiplication occurred in the kidneys during the early phase of the infectious process with resultant abscess formation. However, the renal infection soon subsided leaving no residual pathology. C. kutscheri could not be recovered from any organs of C57Bl/6 mice sacrificed 16 days after infection. Homogenates of organs from Swiss Lynch mice obtained while the infection was progressing contained only typical C. kutscheri. In contrast, the lungs and livers of similarly infected C57Bl/6 animals occasionally yielded large numbers of small translucent colonies distinctly different from those of typical corynebacteria. The use of mouse strains differing markedly in response to experimental infection with C. kutscheri is presented as a biologic model lending itself to further studies concerning factors which condition resistance to corynebacterial pseudotuberculosis, a disease of practical importance for investigators conducting experiments with murine species.
THE KILLING OF CERTAIN BACTERIA BY X-RAYS
Authors: Ralph W. G. Wyckoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

Both copper K X-rays and the soft general radiation from a tungsten tube operated at 12 KV kill B. coli and B. aertryke in a linearly exponential fashion. Within the experimental limits, the two organisms appear to be equally sensitive to these radiations. By making use of the fact that X-ray energy is absorbed in quanta, an approximate picture can be formed of the mechanism of this destructive action. If the average numbers of quanta (alpha) absorbed per bacterium per second are calculated from measurements of air ionization using the quantities outlined in the text, survival ratios for these bacilli can be approximately represented by the equations See PDF for Equation for filtered copper rays and See PDF for Equation for unfiltered copper rays (peak voltage = 34 KV). In terms of the foregoing interpretation this means that when death results, it is caused by the absorption of a single X-ray quantum of energy. Since only about one in twenty of the absorbed quanta kills, the sensitive cell constituents whose destruction leads to cell death must have a volume which is less than 0.06 of the bacterium itself.
New centres aim to marry biological data to the increasing power of IT systems to make sense of them
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Four new centres harnessing the power of data to improve healthcare in the United Kingdom have been formally launched at a conference in London. 

Funded to the tune of £19m (€22.5m; $29.6m) by a group of government and charity funders led by the Medical Research Council, the E-Health Informatics Research Centres promise to use novel digital techniques to link NHS patient records with other data drawn from a wide range of sources to shed new light on common conditions.

The four centres, chosen by competitive tender, are based at University College London and the universities of Dundee, Swansea, and Manchester. Each centre will …
Early identification and management of chronic kidney disease: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Emily Crowe, David Halpin, Paul Stevens
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Modern molecular methods for precancer diagnosis have expanded the range of detectable disease to a preclinical level and provided material for histopathological correlation. The precancer scenario begins with sporadic acquisition of rare PTEN mutation bearing glands, which are morphologically unremarkable, and progresses to discrete foci of cytologically altered glands, readily visible on routinely stained sections. Clinical outcome studies of women with endometrial lesions have established threshold diagnostic features that confer increased cancer risk. This class of high risk lesions has been designated endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). EIN is diagnosed by presence of cytological demarcation, crowded gland architecture, minimum size of 1mm, and careful exclusion of mimics. Most EIN lesions have been diagnosed as atypical endometrial hyperplasias in the World Health Organisation system. Specialised molecular and morphometric analyses have been extremely useful in redefining clinically relevant premalignant endometrial disease, but translation to improved patient care requires the informed participation of pathologists.
Color Discrimination and Accuracy of Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring in Type I Diabetic Patients
Authors: Peter T Sawicki, Lothar Karschny, Verena Stolpe, Elmar Wolf, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

To determine the importance of color discrimination ability regarding accuracy in the self-monitoring of blood glucose.Two hundred two insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients performed the Fansworth-Munsell 100-hue test and a second group of 159 type I diabetic patients performed a new Düsseldorf 26-hue test. Error scores in both tests were compared with error scores of patients' self-monitoring of blood glucose measurements with Chemstrip Haemoglucotest 20-800 strips.Color discrimination ability decreased with age, diabetes duration, and presence of retinopathy. It was independent of the degree of glycemia and accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose.Impaired color vision by itself is no reason to abandon self-monitoring of blood glucose with visually read strips.
Poor patients in rich countries have fair access to GPs but not to specialists
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Poorer patients in the world's wealthiest and healthiest countries have access to general practitioners equal to—and sometimes even better than—richer patients, but the same is not true of their access to specialists. These are the findings of a study of member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD; CMAJ 2006;174:177-83).

“This phenomenon seems to be universal, but it is reinforced when private insurance or private care options are offered,” says the report, which used recent data from national surveys or from the European Community household panel.

“We found inequity in physician utilisation favouring patients who are better off in about half of the OECD countries studied,” the authors say. “The degree of pro-rich inequity in doctor use …
THE INFLUENCE OF DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE ON THE PERCUTAENOUS MIGRATION OF POTASSIUM BUTYL, [35S] SULPHATE, POTASSIUM METHYL [35S] SULPHATE AND SODIUM [35S] SULPHATE
Authors: P.H. DUGARD, G. EMBERY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article THE INFLUENCE OF DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE ON THE PERCUTAENOUS MIGRATION OF POTASSIUM BUTYL, [35S] SULPHATE, POTASSIUM METHYL [35S] SULPHATE AND SODIUM [35S] SULPHATE Get access P.H. DUGARD, P.H. DUGARD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. EMBERY G. EMBERY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s4, 1 August 1969, Pages 69–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16065.x Published: 01 August 1969
Antiphospholipid antibody. Babies, blood clots, biology
Authors: M. D. Lockshin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

CASE PRESENTATION  At the age of 22 years, a Hispanic woman developed joint pain, fatigue, rash, and thrombocytopenia. Results of antinuclear and anti-DNA antibody tests were positive. Urinalysis and renal function test results were normal. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was diagnosed, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed. She did well until she was seen again at age 29 years, when she developed scotomata following a first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Findings of a neurological evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and Doppler studies, were unremarkable. At age 30 years, severe intrauterine growth restriction, hypertension, and proteinuria complicated a pregnancy, which ended with fetal death at 22 weeks.  At age 32 years, the patient sought another opinion. This examination revealed normal vital signs, slight patches of malar erythema, lupus rash, livedo reticularis (Figure), and a loud apical systolic murmur. Her platelet count was 96X10 9 /L. Prothrombin time was 13.0
FURTHER OBSERVATION ON A TRANSPOSED METATARSAL BONE
Authors: W. L. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

water-bed.When the fluid leaks away through a hole in the lower end of this sac, the base of the brain loses its supporting fluid cushion.We may expect this support to remain absent until the puncture hole heals and the fluid again fills and distends the sac sufficiently to reestablish this water-bed.The loss of this support¬ ing basal cushion may be regarded as the secondary causative factor in the production of the headache.How does this produce pain ?A headache, which, let us recall, comes on when a
Demographic and epidemiological determinants of healthcare costs in Netherlands: cost of illness study
Authors: W. J. Meerding, L. Bonneux, J. J Polder, M. A Koopmanschap, P. J van der Maas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the demands on healthcare resources caused by different types of illnesses and variation with age and sex. <b>Design:</b> Information on healthcare use was obtained from all 22 healthcare sectors in the Netherlands. Most important sectors (hospitals, nursing homes, inpatient psychiatric care, institutions for mentally disabled people) have national registries. Total expenditures for each sector were subdivided into 21 age groups, sex, and 34 diagnostic groups. <b>Setting:</b> Netherlands, 1994. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Proportion of healthcare budget spent on each category of disease and cost of health care per person at various ages. <b>Results:</b> After the first year of life, costs per person for children were lowest. Costs rose slowly throughout adult life and increased exponentially from age 50 onwards till the oldest age group (95). The top five areas of healthcare costs were mental retardation, musculoskeletal disease (predominantly joint disease and dorsopathy), dementia, a heterogeneous group of other mental disorders, and ill defined conditions. Stroke, all cancers combined, and coronary heart disease ranked 7, 8, and 10, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The main determinants of healthcare use in the Netherlands are old age and disabling conditions, particularly mental disability. A large share of the healthcare budget is spent on long term nursing care, and this cost will inevitably increase further in an ageing population. Non-specific cost containment measures may endanger the quality of care for old and mentally disabled people. <h3>Key messages</h3> Little is known about demands for health care outside acute sectors In the Netherlands health costs are strongly age dependent, increasing exponentially after age 50 The five highest healthcare costs are for mental retardation, musculoskeletal disease, dementia, other mental disorders, and ill defined conditions Coronary heart disease, all cancers, and stroke accounted for only 9% of costs The main healthcare costs are for care not cure and costs are likely to increase rapidly in an ageing society
Altered distribution of lysosomal cathepsin D in ischemic myocardium.
Authors: R S Decker, A R Poole, E E Griffin, J T Dingle, K Wildenthal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

To determine the influence of cardiac ischemia on the activity and subcellular localization of lysosomal cathepsin D, anesthetized rabbits were subjected to ligation of the circumflex coronary artery. Total enzyme activity remained unchanged throughout the 2-h ischemic period, but the subcellular distribution of cathepsin D, as analyzed by biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, was altered dramatically. A marked increase in nonsedimentable (i.e., 40,000-g supernate) activity developed by 30-45 min and increased further by 2 h. Simultaneously, the immunofluorescent localization of cathepsin D was also changed significantly. Within 30-60 min after occlusion, the fine, particulate staining observed in control myocytes was replaced by bright fluorescent patches composed of large granules. Many of these structures displayed prominent halos of diffuse fluorescent staining in the neighboring myocytic cytoplasm, apparently outside lysosomes per se. After 2 h, when nonsedimentable activity was maximally elevated, most of the fluorescent particles had disappeared completely. During this same interim there was no detectable change in the distribution of lysosomal cathepsin D within interstitial cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that an early feature of cardiac ischemia is the release of cathepsin D from myocytic lysosomes into the cytosol of damaged cells.
Liability for unsuccessful birth control
Authors: V. M. O'Hern
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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Dietary Fat Interacts with PCBs to Induce Changes in Lipid Metabolism in Mice Deficient in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: Bernhard Hennig, Gudrun Reiterer, Michal Toborek, Sergey V. Matveev, Alan Daugherty, Eric Smart, Larry W. Robertson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

There is evidence that dietary fat can modify the cytotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and that coplanar PCBs can induce inflammatory processes critical in the pathology of vascular diseases. To test the hypothesis that the interaction of PCBs with dietary fat is dependent on the type of fat, low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDL-R(-/-)) mice were fed diets enriched with either olive oil or corn oil for 4 weeks. Half of the animals from each group were injected with PCB-77. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in aortic arches was nondetectable in the olive-oil-fed mice but was highly expressed in the presence of PCB-77. PCB treatment increased liver neutral lipids and decreased serum fatty acid levels only in mice fed the corn-oil-enriched diet. PCB treatment increased mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in all mice. Upon PCB treatment, mice in both olive- and corn-oil-diet groups showed induction of genes involved in fatty acid degradation but with up-regulation of different key enzymes. Genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were reduced only upon PCB treatment in corn-oil-fed mice, whereas lipid transport/export genes were altered in olive-oil-fed mice. These data suggest that dietary fat can modify changes in lipid metabolism induced by PCBs in serum and tissues. These findings have implications for understanding the interactions of nutrients with environmental contaminants on the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Infectious Disease in a Warming World: How Weather Influenced West Nile Virus in the United States (2001–2005)
Authors: Jonathan E. Soverow, Gregory A. Wellenius, David N. Fisman, Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThe effects of weather on West Nile virus (WNV) mosquito populations in the United States have been widely reported, but few studies assess their overall impact on transmission to humans.ObjectivesWe investigated meteorologic conditions associated with reported human WNV cases in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a case–crossover study to assess 16,298 human WNV cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome measures were the incidence rate ratio of disease occurrence associated with mean weekly maximum temperature, cumulative weekly temperature, mean weekly dew point temperature, cumulative weekly precipitation, and the presence of ≥ 1 day of heavy rainfall (≥ 50 mm) during the month prior to symptom onset.ResultsIncreasing weekly maximum temperature and weekly cumulative temperature were similarly and significantly associated with a 35–83% higher incidence of reported WNV infection over the next month. An increase in mean weekly dew point temperature was significantly associated with a 9–38% higher incidence over the subsequent 3 weeks. The presence of at least 1 day of heavy rainfall within a week was associated with a 29–66% higher incidence during the same week and over the subsequent 2 weeks. A 20-mm increase in cumulative weekly precipitation was significantly associated with a 4–8% increase in incidence of reported WNV infection over the subsequent 2 weeks.ConclusionsWarmer temperatures, elevated humidity, and heavy precipitation increased the rate of human WNV infection in the United States independent of season and each others' effects.
Platelet-Dependent Thrombin Generation in Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Isao Aoki, Nobuo Aoki, Koichi Kawano, Katsuya Shimoyama, Akira Maki, Masashi Homori, Atsuo Yanagisawa, Minoru Yamamoto, Yohko Kawai, Kyozo Ishikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)