tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances in rheumatic fever, 1940-1961. Epidemiological and clinical studies of patients during the first five decades of life.
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. May Wilson, a prominent and productive investigator of rheumatic fever for almost 50 years, has written this monograph as "a supplement, not a revision," of her earlier book published 20 years ago. Among the new data are long-term observations of survival and cardiac changes, studies of age susceptibility, serum protein constituents, and ecologic and genetic factors in rheumatic fever. Her current diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are completely described. Dr. Wilson does not accept the validity of certain recent conceptual doctrines. Most other workers now believe that acute rheumatic fever is always part of the spectrum of complications triggered by Group A streptococcal infections in susceptible hosts and that continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis should be given indefinitely to all rheumatic patients. Dr. Wilson believes the initiating role of the streptococcus is "not as yet based on conclusive evidence," and prefers to treat streptococcal infections as they are discovered, since she regards
Abstract 267: E2F1 regulates human TRAIL promoter and mediates Interferon alpha 2a response
Authors: Sateesh S. Kunigal, Bharat Joshi, Srikumar S. Chellappan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/APO2L) is a member of the TNF gene superfamily that induces apoptosis upon engagement of cognate death receptors. While TRAIL is relatively non-toxic to normal cells, it selectively induces apoptosis in many transformed cells and has been explored as an anti-cancer agent. Earlier studies have shown the upstream region of human TRAIL gene, contain NFAT, AP-1, and Sp1 binding sites which have been shown to regulate expression of multiple cytokines, but the transcriptional regulation of TRAIL has not yet been elucidated in detail. An examination of the human TRAIL promoter showed the presence of five binding sites for the E2F transcription factors. E2F1 is a transcription factor that plays a well-documented role in cell cycle regulation, differentiation and senescence. In addition to its proliferative effects, E2F1 has been shown to have potent apoptotic properties as well, under appropriate conditions. E2F1 can induce apoptosis via several p53-dependent or -independent mechanisms, either through direct transactivation of proapoptotic genes such as p73, apaf-1 (apoptosis protease-activating factor 1) and caspases or transcriptional repression. Studies presented here show that the human TRAIL promoter is E2F responsive in multiple lung cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the recruitment of E2F1 as well as Rb to the TRAIL promoter and transient transfection of E2F1 could induce the expression of a TRAIL-luciferase reporter construct. TRAIL could be repressed by Rb, but this repression could be overcome by the transient transfection of ASK-1, Raf-1 or p38 kinases as well as cycling D or E, suggesting that this promoter is responsive to extracellular signals that can regulate Rb function. It has been shown that stimulation of natural killer cells by Interferon alpha-2a leads to upregulated TRAIL expression. We find that Interferon alpha 2a (IFN α 2a) stimulated lung cancer cell lines exhibited high TRAIL luciferase activity and depletion of E2F1 by siRNA techniques prevented the induction of TRAIL. These results suggest that E2F1 as a critical regulator of TRAIL expression and might facilitate death-receptor-mediated apoptosis. These observations raise the possibility that E2F-mediated regulation of TRAIL might have effects on the immune response of lung cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-267
Letter: Influenza virus vaccination and renal transplant rejection.
Authors: J Connolly, J Douglas, R Kumar, D Middleton, J McEvoy, S Nelson, M G McGeown
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<b>Aims:</b> Recent results generated in a mouse model suggest that tumour angiogenesis/vasculogenesis can be initiated and maintained by bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells. This present study investigated the distribution and frequency of CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (tumour tissue and tumour free lung regions) and healthy controls using fresh frozen specimens. The novel marker CD133 identifies human haemopoetic precursor cells, in addition to human endothelial progenitor cells. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy nine lung cancer specimens and 66 adjacent histologically tumour free tissues of the same patient cohort were analysed; 11 postmortem specimens from control patients who did not suffer from malignant disease served as controls. Cryostat sections were stained for CD133, CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2; KDR), p53, and the proliferation marker Ki-67, and the correlations were analysed. <b>Results:</b> Forty three of 63 evaluable tumour specimens had increased numbers of CD133 positive cells and in some cases capillary forming CD133 positive structures were detectable. In addition, 30 of 63 specimens had raised expression of KDR and 29 of 63 had increased MVD. Increased CD133 expression marginally correlated with raised KDR expression but not with p53 and Ki-67. <b>Conclusion:</b> A significant increase in CD133 positive cells was documented in patients with NSCLC, suggesting an involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in tumour vasculogenesis and tumour growth in these patients.
Review of publication bias in studies on publication bias: Studies on publication bias are probably susceptible to the bias they study
Authors: Fujian Song
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
Reduction of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in the skeletal muscle of noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Rainer Hambrecht, Paul Christian Schulze, Stephan Gielen, Axel Linke, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Jiangtao Yu, J.ürgen Kratzsch, Gerhard Baldauf, Martin W Busse, Andreas Schubert, Volker Adams, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
732 EFFICACY AND TOLERANCE OF TENOFOVIR IN SUBOPTIMAL RESPONDERS TO ADV OR ADV/LAM TREATMENT: 96 WEEKS RESULTS OF THE OPTIB ITALIAN MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE OPEN LABEL STUDY
Authors: M. Levrero, L. Cimino, P. Lampertico, M. Vigano, G.B. Gaeta, G. Brancaccio, E. Sagnelli, V. Messina, G. Raimondo, A. Marzano, F. Stefano, G. Niro, T. Santantonio, M. Puoti, V. Di Marco, G. Mazzella, G. Di Costanzo, M. Angélico, B. Testoni, C. Sava, M. Subic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A test of a proposed staging system
Authors: Stefano Molica, Piergiorgio Iannaccaro, Antonio Alberti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract In an attempt to characterize the prognostic significance of the main clinical and hematological features of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 30 such patients were allocated the “modified Bournemouth score”. The most significant separation of groups predictive of poorer survival was obtained by setting a cutoff at the median score value for the whole series (score,2). On this basis patients could be divided into two different groups whose survival probability as well as risk of acute transformation significantly differ each other (P &lt; 0.05). In our opinion, this score could be of interest in treatment planning of CMML patients when the possibility of conservative or aggressive approach in envisaged.
Concerns mount that financial austerity measures will reduce aid for millennium goals
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Concerns are growing among United Nations officials that the speed at which rich countries are implementing austerity measures to reduce public debt will adversely affect the amount of aid earmarked for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015.

A senior UN official, who spoke on the condition of non-attribution, said rich countries were “about to slash their aid budgets.” He was speaking ahead of the Group of 8 (G8) summit in Muskoka, Canada, on 25 and 26 June and of the Group of 20 (G20) in Toronto on 26 and 27 June.

Health and development advocacy groups, including Oxfam International and Action Aid, are calling on rich …
Creatine Kinase in Mongols
Authors: Lewis Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to the unexplained finding of elevated creatine levels in mongols (<i>JAMA</i><b>198</b>:328, 1966,<i>Lancet</i><b>1</b>:51, 1967), mention of their thyroid state might have been instructive. There may be a relationship between the two, as Graig et al found elevated creatine kinase levels in hypothyroidism (<i>Metabolism</i><b>12</b>:57, 1963;<i>J Clin Endocr</i><b>25</b>:723, 1965), and thyroid malfunction may be a concomitant of mongolism (Benda,<i>The Child With Mongolism</i>, 1960; Penrose and Smith,<i>Down's Anomaly,</i>1966). In the absence of the relevant data, interpretation of the creatine kinase excess as secondary to a thyroid effect is plausible. A clue to its etiology in the mongols might well be found by assays before and after thyroxine treatment. What I tell you three times is true.
A New Split of the Hox Gene Complex in Drosophila: Relocation and Evolution of the Gene labial
Authors: B. Negre
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Hox genes encode transcription factors involved in the specification of segment identity in the early metazoan embryo. These genes are usually clustered and arranged in the same order as they are expressed along the anteroposterior body axis. This conserved genomic organization has suggested the existence of functional constraints acting on the genome organization. Partial disassembly of the Hox gene complex (HOM-C) in Caenorhabditis elegans and in two different Drosophila lineages, however, calls into question whether this cluster organization is absolutely required for proper function. Here we report a new split of the HOM-C discovered in the species of the Drosophila repleta group, which relocated the most anterior gene of the complex, lab, to a distant chromosomal site near the two most posterior Hox genes, abd-A and Abd-B. To investigate the evolutionary consequences of natural rearrangements of the Hox gene complex, the gene lab has been cloned and sequenced in D. buzzatii, a member of the D. repleta group with the split, and in D. virilis, a member of a different species group without the split. The results show that the structure of lab in D. buzzatii is intact and place the breakpoint at least 8 kb from its transcription start site. The nucleotide sequence evolution of lab in the genus Drosophila has been investigated by means of maximum likelihood methods. No significant variation has been observed among lineages in the rate of nucleotide substitution or in the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratio. Seemingly, the relocation of lab has not induced a change in evolution rate or degree of functional constraint. Nevertheless, further work is needed to ascertain whether the lab-pb split has had any effects on gene expression.
Vary VAT on alcohol: a more palatable way to achieve minimum pricing?
Authors: N. Sheron
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The Respecting Patient Choices team has been doing advance care planning since 2002. We encourage people to nominate a substitute decision maker (SDM) and document their health care wishes on a ‘Statement of Choices’ (SOC). This document has evolved and now includes four components to ensure that the written plans are understood and appropriately acted upon by doctors. They are: to record a person9s wishes about future medical treatment based on their goals, values and beliefs. to record this information in a language that doctors would recognise and could act upon. be easy to fill in. to provide prompts for people facilitating the ACP conversation. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the evolution of the SOC. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective audit of SOC completed in 2010. <h3>Results</h3> Most people (70%) choose to nominate a SDM and complete a SOC. People generally nominate a family member as their SDM and the majority (&gt;90%) indicate on their SOC that they ‘would not want CPR even if the doctors think it could be beneficial’ and ‘do not want life prolonging treatment (LPT) at all’. 25% provided guidance on what would be an ‘acceptable outcome’. The SOC is recognised by the doctors and is acted upon. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ▶Austin Health has devised a SOC form that enables people to record their medical treatment preferences especially in relation to CPR and LPT. ▶The SOC is being further evolved for specific chronic conditions (eg, dialysis).
Postpartum Assessment of Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility
Authors: Aaron Lupovitch
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE INCREASED volume and variety of clinical laboratory tests require new approaches in presenting data to the physician so that reports are clear, concise, and informative. In addition, the need for a logical series of data to answer a physician's query has induced us to assemble laboratory tests into studies geared to a specific purpose. As an example, we present a study to determine maternal candidacy for anti-Rho immune globulin serum after pregnancy to prevent Rho-sensitization, with data plus interpretation reported via a programmable calculator.<sup>1</sup>The study also checks for maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility, and, if present, for homologous antibodies in the infant's cord blood.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Programmable Calculator</h3> Two major problems arise from this approach to laboratory testing. First, since the study is based on a variable sequence of tests from which subsequent tests are selected according to the result of a preceding test, the series must be monitored for
Interspecies Bacterial Comjugation by Plasmids from Marine Environments Visualized by gfp Expression
Authors: C. Dahlberg, M. Bergstrom, M. Andreasen, B. B. Christensen, S. Molin, M. Hermansson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Horizontal transmission of DNA between different species may have played an important role in evolutionary history. Gene transfer encoded by bacterial plasmids has occurred between distantly related bacterial species; it may have occurred between species of different kingdoms. We have developed a system to detect conjugal plasmid transfer in situ based on the expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Plasmids were tagged with the gfp gene under the control of a lac promoter. These plasmids were placed in a Pseudomonas putida strain carrying a chromosomal lac repressor. In conjugation mixtures, the donor strain remained nonfluorescent, but any newly formed transconjugant cell fluoresced. Unlike other assays for conjugation, this assay is sensitive enough to detect the formation of a single transconjugant a short time after it occurs. We tested for the transfer of three plasmids that were originally exogenously isolated from marine bacterial communities. Eleven of the 19 different eubacterial recipients formed transconjugants, including a species only distantly related to the donor, Planctomyces maris. The results imply that interspecies gene transfer mediated by conjugation is common in natural environments, and may explain why similar DNA sequences can be found among distantly related bacterial species.
India announces plan to inform HIV infected blood donors
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2002)

India's health ministry last week announced that blood donors found to be HIV positive would be told of their infection and asked to seek confirmatory tests and counselling.

This will end the existing policy of anonymous testing in which blood infected with HIV is discarded without repeating the test and without informing the donor.

However, doctors working in blood transfusion services caution that the order would be “hard to implement” given the current decentralised, fragmented state of blood banking services in India.

Public health experts in the country have been concerned that HIV positive donors have been living without knowledge of their infection and possibly transmitting it …
Clinical Crossroads Update: An 82-Year-Old Woman With Cataracts-Reply
Authors: Erin Hartman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —We asked Dr P, the patient's ophthalmologist, to reply:   Dr P : It is true that small-incision cataract surgery using phacoemulsification and a foldable lens results in rapid visual rehabilitation for many patients.  Mrs K had an advanced cataract accounting for vision diminished to the hand motions level. She tolerated such an advanced cataract because her other eye retained some useful vision. Her cataract had a dense, hard nucleus, the cortex was opacified, the red reflex was obscured, her anterior chamber was shallow, and her pupil did not dilate well. Each of these factors individually makes phacoemulsification more difficult to perform. Together they made phacoemulsification a longer and potentially riskier procedure than planned extracapsular cataract extraction.  The decision to proceed with cataract surgery, which is an elective procedure, is different for each patient and is based on the patient's individual needs, his or her general health, and the support systems available.
Epigenetic regulation of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in the ethanol-fed cystathionine beta synthase-deficient mouse
Authors: Farah Esfandiari, Valentina Medici, Donna H. Wong, Soumia Jose, Maryam Dolatshahi, Eoin Quinlivan, Sanjana Dayal, Steven R. Lentz, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Yue Hua Zhang, Samuel W. French, Charles H. Halsted
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We tested the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury is mediated by epigenetic changes in regulatory genes that result from the induction of aberrant methionine metabolism by ethanol feeding. Five-month-old cystathionine beta synthase heterozygous and wild-type C57BL/6J littermate mice were fed liquid control or ethanol diets by intragastric infusion for 4 weeks. Both ethanol-fed groups showed typical histopathology of alcoholic steatohepatitis, with reduction in liver S -adenosylmethionine (SAM), elevation in liver S -adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and reduction in the SAM/SAH ratio with interactions of ethanol and genotype effects. Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress signals including glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), caspase 12, and transcription factor sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were up-regulated in ethanol-fed mice with genotype interactions and negative correlations with the SAM/SAH ratio. Immunohistochemical staining showed reduction in trimethylated histone H3 lysine-9 (3meH3K9) protein levels in centrilobular regions in both ethanol groups, with no changes in trimethylated histone H3 lysine-4 levels. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed a decrease in levels of suppressor chromatin marker 3meH3K9 in the promoter regions of GRP78, SREBP-1c, and GADD153 in ethanol-treated heterozygous cystathionine beta synthase mice. The messenger RNA expression of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase EHMT2 (G9a) was selectively decreased in ethanol-fed mice. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of alcoholic steatohepatitis is mediated in part through the effects of altered methionine metabolism on epigenetic regulation of pathways of endoplasmic reticulum stress relating to apoptosis and lipogenesis. (Hepatology 2009.)
INTRASPINAL LESIONS MASQUERADING AS PROTRUDED LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS
Authors: Winchell McK. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1952)

For about every 25 operations performed for protruded lumbar intervertebral disk at the Mayo Clinic, one operation is performed for spinal cord tumor that is so situated that, at some time during its course, it could simulate a protruded lumbar intervertebral disk. One of our cases illustrates this statement especially well. A man, 41, a white collar worker, came to the Mayo Clinic in 1940 complaining of low back pain, with extension along the left sciatic nerve. His symptoms had been present intermittently for the previous three years. Examination revealed slight limitation of forward bending, Laségue's sign of sciatica on the left, diminution of the quadriceps reflex in the left leg, and slight weakness of the left leg. Simple roentgenographic examination of the thoracic and lumbosacral portion of the spinal column showed nothing abnormal. A provisional diagnosis of protruded intervertebral lumbar disk was made and intraspinal investigation was recommended. The