tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXCESS SALT INGESTION
Authors: Lewis K. Dahl, Martha Heine, Lorraine Tassinari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

By selective inbreeding, two strains of rats were developed previously that differed markedly in their susceptibility to the development of experimental hypertension from excess salt ingestion (1, 2). The present report indicates that with animals derived from the same strains, similar differences in response were obtained in rats subjected to either combined desoxycorticosterone-NaCl (DOCA-salt) treatment or unilateral renal artery compression without extra dietary salt. Thus differences in genetic substrate appear to influence the development of experimental hypertension produced by these three techniques and possibly this may hold true for all "varieties" of experimental hypertension. If true, it might allow the development of a unifying hypothesis that could be relevant not only to experimental hypertension but perhaps to human hypertension as well. The DOCA-salt regimen was more toxic to the animals than unilateral renal artery compression. Tentatively, this was ascribed to either, or both, the younger age or the higher NaCl intake of the animals in the former.
Death in the Locker Room: Steroids and Sports
Authors: Gabe Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Several years ago I handed out a questionnaire to several runners, asking: "If I could give you a pill that would make you an Olympic champion and also kill you in a year, would you take it?" More than half of the athletes answered they would take my magical pill. Athletes sacrifice so much and put so much time and effort into attaining world-class level that they often lose sight of other goals. Many would pay any price to become the best. It is no secret that almost all top athletes in competitive events requiring great strength have taken anabolic steroids at some time. Most were given the pills by "false prophets" who say the pills are harmless. <i>Death in the Locker Room</i>tells it like it is from the viewpoint of Bob Goldman, a medical student and world-class weight lifter. He has read the scientific literature to learn how
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Pulmonary Valve Replacement After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and Potential Prognostic Value of Preoperative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Radu R. Gheta, Anthony J. Bastin, Theodoros Karonis, Wei Li, Dudley J. Pennell, Hideki Uemura, Babulal Sethia, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Darryl F. Shore
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Indications for surgical pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot have recently been broadened to include asymptomatic patients.The outcomes of PVR in adults after repair of tetralogy of Fallot at a single tertiary center were retrospectively studied. Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing was included. Mortality was the primary outcome measure. In total, 221 PVRs were performed in 220 patients (130 male patients; median age, 32 years; range, 16-64 years). Homografts were used in 117 patients, xenografts in 103 patients, and a mechanical valve in 1 patient. Early (30-day) mortality was 2%. Overall survival was 97% at 1 year, 96% at 3 years, and 92% at 10 years. Survival after PVR in the later era (2005-2010; n=156) was significantly better compared with survival in the earlier era (1993-2004; n=65; 99% versus 94% at 1 year and 98% versus 92% at 3 years, respectively; P=0.019). Earlier era patients were more symptomatic preoperatively (P=0.036) with a lower preoperative peak oxygen consumption (peak Vo₂; P<0.001). Freedom from redo surgical or transcatheter PVR was 98% at 5 years and 96% at 10 years for the whole cohort. Peak Vo₂, E/CO2 slope (ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production), and heart rate reserve during cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicted risk of early mortality when analyzed with logistic regression analysis; peak Vo₂ emerged as the strongest predictor on multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 0.65 per 1 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; P=0.041).PVR after repair of tetralogy of Fallot has a low and improving mortality, with a low need for reintervention. Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicts surgical outcome and should therefore be included in the routine assessment of these patients.
Licorice-Induced Hypermineralocorticoidism
Authors: Robert V. Farese, Edward G. Biglieri, Cedric H.L. Shackleton, Ilan Irony, Rosita Gomez-Fontes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

EXCESSIVE ingestion of licorice may result in sodium and water retention, hypertension, hypokalemia, and suppression of the renin-aldosterone system.1 , 2 It was thought for years that licorice produced these effects through the binding of its active components, glycyrrhizic acid and its hydrolytic metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, to mineralocorticoid receptors. Two findings, however, argue against this proposed mechanism. First, the affinity of glycyrrhetinic acid, the most active component of licorice, for mineralocorticoid receptors is 0.01 percent of that of aldosterone.3 Second, licorice, or glycyrrhetinic acid, does not have mineralocorticoid effects in patients with Addison's disease2 or adrenalectomized rats1 unless cortisone or hydrocortisone is . . .
Optimal Allocation of Replicates for Measurement Evaluation Studies
Authors: Stanislav O. Zakharkin, Kyoungmi Kim, Alfred A. Bartolucci, Grier P. Page, David B. Allison
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract Optimal experimental design is important for the efficient use of modern high-throughput technologies such as microarrays and proteomics. Multiple factors including the reliability of measurement system, which itself must be estimated from prior experimental work, could influence design decisions. In this study, we describe how the optimal number of replicate measures (technical replicates) for each biological sample (biological replicate) can be determined. Different allocations of biological and technical replicates were evaluated by minimizing the variance of the ratio of technical variance (measurement error) to the total variance (sum of sampling error and measurement error). We demonstrate that if the number of biological replicates and the number of technical replicates per biological sample are variable, while the total number of available measures is fixed, then the optimal allocation of replicates for measurement evaluation experiments requires two technical replicates for each biological replicate. Therefore, it is recommended to use two technical replicates for each biological replicate if the goal is to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements.
Activity of Cefotaxime and Amikacin against 14,272 Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Samples in the Period 1980 to 1985
Authors: D. Dámaso, M. P. Sánchez-Moreno, L. Martínez-Martínez, E. Mesa, F. Portero, P. Mendaza, R. M. Daza
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Lying-In: A History of Childbirth in America
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This carelessly written collection of paraphrases does a grave disservice to the cause of natural childbirth, home deliveries, and the science of midwifery. It is essentially a vitriolic attack on obstetricians and hospitals by scissored paragraphs from second-and third-hand sources and shows an ignorance of historical facts. Most of the quotations and references are from textbooks of the 1920s and 1930s, with numerous juicy bits from 17th- and 18th-century literature. The introduction states boldly that "this is not a history of obstetrics as a science or as a profession; it does not detail doctors' lives or progress in knowledge and practice"; but at least three-fourths of the volume is devoted to just that. There are pages of pictures of old and new instruments, scissors, knives, and forceps of all kinds, with the technique of applying them, all presented as a gruesome warning of what happens if the baby is delivered
Ending Sales of Tobacco Products in Pharmacies
Authors: Troyen A. Brennan, Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ponte di Legno Working Group: statement on the right of children with leukemia to have full access to essential treatment and report on the Sixth International Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Workshop
Authors: C-H Pui, M Schrappe, G Masera, J Nachman, H Gadner, O B Eden, W E Evans, P Gaynon
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
A large-subunit mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequence translocated to the nuclear genome of two stone crabs (Menippe)
Authors: R. Schneider-Broussard, J. E. Neigel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Two DNA sequences that appear to be homologous to large-subunit mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes have been identified in the stone crabs Menippe mercenaria and M. adina. Amplification from whole genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with oligonucleotide primers based on conserved portions of large-subunit mitochondrial rRNA genes consistently amplified two products of similar length (565 and 567 bp). These products differed at 3% of their nucleotide bases, and could be distinguished by a HindIII site. Only one of these sequences (designated the A sequence) was detected by PCR in purified mitochondrial DNA. The other (designated the B sequence) hybridized to total genomic DNA at a level consistent with a nuclear genome location. It is unlikely that the type B product would have been recognized as a nuclear copy by examination of its sequence alone. This is the first report of a mitochondrial gene sequence translocated into the nuclear genome of a crustacean.
T-cell insulitis found in anti-GAD65+ diabetes with residual beta-cell function. A case report.
Authors: A Shimada, Y Imazu, S Morinaga, O Funae, A Kasuga, Y Atsumi, K Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

CASE HISTORY: We recently encountered a 65-year-old anti-GAD+ diabetic woman with residual beta-cell function who was proved to have T-cell insulitis. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells varied among individual islets, although CD4+ cells tended to be the predominant T-cell type in the islets examined. All of the islets examined still contained insulin, suggesting that beta-cell mass may have been preserved. DISCUSSION: It is well known that lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets, a condition referred to as "insulitis," is seen in acute-onset type 1 diabetes at autopsy and in biopsy specimens. However, there have been no proven cases of insulitis in type 1 diabetes with residual beta-cell function. We believe that this is the first type 1 diabetic patient with residual beta-cell function who was proven to have T-cell insulitis. This novel evidence will contribute to the proper classification and treatment of diabetes and to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
Unlicensed NK cells target neuroblastoma following anti-GD2 antibody treatment
Authors: Nidale Tarek, Jean-Benoit Le Luduec, Meighan M. Gallagher, Junting Zheng, Jeffrey M. Venstrom, Elizabeth Chamberlain, Shakeel Modak, Glenn Heller, Bo Dupont, Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Katharine C. Hsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Survival outcomes for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) have significantly improved with anti-disialoganglioside GD2 mAb therapy, which promotes NK cell activation through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NK cell activation requires an interaction between inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands. NK cells lacking KIRs that are specific for self HLA are therefore "unlicensed" and hyporesponsive. mAb-treated NB patients lacking HLA class I ligands for their inhibitory KIRs have significantly higher survival rates, suggesting that NK cells expressing KIRs for non-self HLA are mediating tumor control in these individuals. We found that, in the presence of mAb, both licensed and unlicensed NK cells are highly activated in vitro. However, HLA class I expression on NB cell lines selectively inhibited licensed NK cell activity, permitting primarily unlicensed NK cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results indicate that unlicensed NK cells play a key antitumor role in patients undergoing mAb therapy via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, thus explaining the potent "missing KIR ligand" benefit in patients with NB.
Paracrine action accounts for marked protection of ischemic heart by Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Massimiliano Gnecchi, Huamei He, Olin D Liang, Luis G Melo, Fulvio Morello, Hui Mu, Nicolas Noiseux, Lunan Zhang, Richard E Pratt, Joanne S Ingwall, Victor J Dzau
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Open-heart surgery in sickle-cell haemoglobinopathies: report of 15 cases
Authors: D Metras, A O. Coulibaly, K Ouattara, A Longechaud, P Millet, J Chauvet
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Fifteen cases of open-heart surgery in patients with sickle-cell haemoglobinopathies are reported; 13 had sickle-cell trait, one had SC haemoglobinopathy, and one had β-thalassaemia sickle-cell disease. All patients except one were operated on with moderate hypothermia, aortic cross-clamping, topical hypothermia, and cold cardioplegia. A bloodless priming solution was used in nine patients and five did not receive any blood throughout their hospital stay. Arterial and venous blood gas analysis and a search for sickle cells and haemolysis were carried out during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. The data were compared with the findings in a group of 29 patients without haemoglobinopathy operated on without blood transfusion. Two patients died from low cardiac output, unrelated to the haemoglobinopathy. All other patients recovered uneventfully. Sickling occurred during and after bypass in only one case, and the percentage of sickle cells was considerably lower during and after surgery than before. Haemolysis occurred only once during cardiopulmonary bypass and twice after surgery (the two deaths from low cardiac output). There was no acidosis or hypoxia. There was no difference in the loss of haemoglobin between the 13 survivors and the control group. Our data suggest that adequate oxygenation and avoidance of acidosis and dehydration during surgery are important. On the other hand, we do not believe that preoperative transfusion or exchange transfusion, a blood prime, normothermia, and the avoidance of aortic cross-clamping or topical hypothermia are essential precautions. We believe that transfusion should be used during cardiopulmonary bypass only for severely anaemic patients. The technique used in our cases adds to the safety of the procedure and improves the protection of the myocardium.
Increased Expression of the Human Ca<sup>2 +</sup>-activated Cl<sup>−</sup> Channel 1 (CaCC1) Gene in the Asthmatic Airway
Authors: Makoto Hoshino, Shigeru Morita, Hiroki Iwashita, Yoji Sagiya, Toshimi Nagi, Atsushi Nakanishi, Yasuko Ashida, Osamu Nishimura, Yukio Fujisawa, Masahiko Fujino
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Mucus overproduction is a clinical feature of asthma. Ca2+-activated Cl- channel 1 (CaCC1) has been identified as a protein that is expressed in intestinal epithelia and that plays an important role in fluid and electrolyte transport. Recently, its mouse counterpart, gob-5, was identified as a key molecule in the induction of murine asthma through mucus overproduction. To elucidate the relationship of CaCC1 to human asthma, we examined CaCC1 expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in bronchial tissues from patients with asthma and normal control subjects. The expression of CaCC1 was significantly upregulated in patients with bronchial asthma compared with control subjects. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that CaCC1 is located in the bronchial epithelium, especially in mucus-producing goblet cells. In vitro transfection of a CaCC1 expression vector into the human mucoepidermoid cell line, NCI-H292, increased mucus production and induced the MUC5AC gene. These results suggest that CaCC1 plays a direct role in mucus production and differentiation in goblet cells and may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma through its mucus-inducing activity.
Ceruletide in Postoperative Adynamic Ileus
Authors: Miriam E. Vincent
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue ofThe Journal(1982;247:2152), in response to a question concerning small-bowel examinations and contrast material, Dr Thoeni provided a concise and excellent discussion of radiopaque contrast materials for evaluating the small bowel. He noted that ceruletide diethylamine (Tymtran) has been used to accelerate transit time in the small bowel during barium examination. However, he also stated that "its usefulness for treatment of postoperative adynamic ileus has not been proved." To the contrary, ceruletide has been shown to be effective in the treatment of intestinal atony both in postoperative patients and in patients with chronic fecal stasis in many studies from other countries.<sup>1-5</sup>When ceruletide was administered to patients postoperatively, including patients who had resections of various portions of the gastrointestinal tract, resumption of bowel activity was twice as rapid as in the control group.<sup>5</sup>No significant adverse effects were seen, even
Sleep-Related Changes in Cardiovascular Neural Regulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Terry B.J. Kuo, Cheryl C.H. Yang
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Sleep has significant effects on cardiovascular neural regulation. The aim of this study is to explore the possible change in sympathetic vasomotor activity and baroreflex sensitivity associated with spontaneous hypertension during each stage of the sleep-wake cycle. Methods and Results— Polysomnographic analysis was performed in freely moving spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) during their normal daytime sleep. Continuous spectral analyses of electroencephalogram and electromyogram were performed to define active waking, quiet sleep, and paradoxical sleep. Low-frequency power of the arterial pressure variability (BLF) was quantified to provide an index of sympathetic vasomotor activity. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was assessed (1) by the slopes of the regression lines of the mean arterial pressure and R-R intervals pairs that ascended (BrrA) or descended (BrrD) successively and (2) by the magnitudes of the arterial pressure and R-R intervals transfer functions in the high-frequency (BrrHF) or low-frequency (BrrLF) ranges. SHR had significantly higher mean arterial pressure during each of the sleep-wake states. Although the values of BLF, BrrA, BrrD, BrrHF, and BrrLF in SHR did not differ from those of WKY during active waking, SHR had a significantly higher BLF and lower BrrA, BrrD, BrrHF, and BrrLF compared with WKY during quiet sleep and paradoxical sleep. Conclusions— SHR had enhanced sympathetic vasomotor activity but attenuated baroreflex sensitivity during sleep although each phenomenon was not evident when awake.
Alterations in White Matter Structure in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Naama Barnea-Goraly, Mira Raman, Paul Mazaika, Matthew Marzelli, Tamara Hershey, Stuart A. Weinzimer, Tandy Aye, Bruce Buckingham, Nelly Mauras, Neil H. White, Larry A. Fox, Michael Tansey, Roy W. Beck, Katrina J. Ruedy, Craig Kollman, Peiyao Cheng, Allan L. Reiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To investigate whether type 1 diabetes affects white matter (WM) structure in a large sample of young children.Children (ages 4 to <10 years) with type 1 diabetes (n = 127) and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects (n = 67) had diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in this multisite neuroimaging study. Participants with type 1 diabetes were assessed for HbA1c history and lifetime adverse events, and glucose levels were monitored using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) device and standardized measures of cognition.Between-group analysis showed that children with type 1 diabetes had significantly reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in widespread brain regions compared with control subjects. Within the type 1 diabetes group, earlier onset of diabetes was associated with increased radial diffusivity (RD) and longer duration was associated with reduced AD, reduced RD, and increased fractional anisotropy (FA). In addition, HbA1c values were significantly negatively associated with FA values and were positively associated with RD values in widespread brain regions. Significant associations of AD, RD, and FA were found for CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glucose variability but not for hypoglycemia. Finally, we observed a significant association between WM structure and cognitive ability in children with type 1 diabetes but not in control subjects.These results suggest vulnerability of the developing brain in young children to effects of type 1 diabetes associated with chronic hyperglycemia and glucose variability.