tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells Activates NF-κB and Induces Tissue Factor and PAI-1 Expression
Authors: Ralf Dechend, M. Maass, J. Gieffers, R. Dietz, C. Scheidereit, A. Leutz, D. C. Gulba
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Recent reports link C. pneumoniae infection of arteriosclerotic lesions to the precipitation of acute coronary syndromes, which also feature tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression. We investigated whether or not C. pneumoniae can induce thrombogenicity by upregulation of procoagulant proteins. Methods and Results —Human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells were infected with a strain of C. pneumoniae isolated from an arteriosclerotic coronary artery. Tissue factor, PAI-1, and interleukin-6 expression was increased in infected cells. Concomitantly, NF-κB was activated and IκBα degraded. p50/p65 heterodimers were identified as the components responsible for the NF-κB activity. Conclusions —These data provide evidence that C. pneumoniae infection can induce procoagulant protein and proinflammatory cytokine expression. This cellular response is accompanied by activation of NF-κB. Our results demonstrate how C. pneumoniae infection may initiate acute coronary syndromes.
TV: How animal passions became aroused
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Rise and Rise of Animal Rights , Channel 4, Saturday 20 and Sunday 21 January at 8 pm

Animal rights issues have dominated the news in Britain over the past few weeks. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of banning hunting with dogs, and protesters have kept up their campaign against the beleaguered medical research firm Huntingdon Life Sciences.

So Channel 4's two part documentary—which tried to answer the question “What gave rise to the notion that animals have rights, and do they?”—was rather timely. It started with a romp through the varying ways in which we have viewed animals during the past few decades. The 1950s marked a new fascination with animals, with every species thought of as potential pet material, even cheetahs. The 1960s reinforced the idea that animals existed for our entertainment, with television programmes such as Desmond Morris's Zoo Time and a young David Attenborough's Zoo Quest .

However, …
Prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who failed first-line systemic therapy
Authors: Yu-Yun Shao, Chih-Horng Wu, Li-Chun Lu, Soa-Yu Chan, Yu-Yi Ma, Feng-Chu Yen, Chih-Hung Hsu, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Pneumoperitoneum for Ventral Hernia Repair: Anesthesia Complication
Authors: Willard C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the past three years, I have been using progressive pneumoperitoneum in the preoperative preparation of patients with large abdominal wall defects. This technique was introduced in Buenos Aires in 1940 by Ivan G. Moreno<sup>1</sup>and after Koontz's initial report<sup>2</sup>in this country in 1954 there have been reports by several authors.<sup>3-5</sup>A recent complication during induction with nitrous oxide anesthesia has prompted me to report the potential hazards of anesthesia in patients with pneumoperitoneum. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old woman with recurrent ventral hernia had previously had seven abdominal operations including two hernia repairs. She had smoked two packages of cigarettes a day for the past 32 years and had one-flight dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination revealed a height of 5 ft 4 in; weight, 150 lb; blood pressure, 200/160 mm Hg; clear lungs; multiplesurgical scars on the abdomen with
BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR GENOTYPE SER49GLY IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETA-BLOCKER SURVIVAL BENEFIT IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Jasmine Talameh, Amanda Garrand, Jalal Ghali, Ron M. Oren, Stephanie Dunlap, Adrian Van Bakel, Ileana Pina, J. Herbert Patterson, Carla Sueta, Frank McGrew, Alan Miller, Todd Schwartz, Kirkwood Adams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor is immunohistochemically colocalized with somatostatin in the D cells of human and porcine gastrointestinal tract and in pancreatic islet cells
Authors: Anders Höög, Elvi Sandberg, Suad Efendic, Claes-Göran Östensson, Lars Grimelius, Sture Falkmer
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1991)
Interferon gamma production by peripheral blood lymphocytes to hepatitis C virus core protein in chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Kazuo Iwata, Takaji Wakita, Akihiko Okumura, Kentaro Yoshioka, Masahiro Takayanagi, Jack R. Wands, Shinichi Kakumu
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Evidence suggests that cellular immunity to hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein may be important in the pathogenesis of viral infection. Therefore, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from patients with chronic HCV infection (genotype 1b) was examined. The cellular immune response was evaluated with a recombinant HCV core fusion protein derived from a patient with genotype 1b. To identify the immunodominant epitopes, IFN-gamma production in responders was also assessed with a panel of nine synthetic peptides that covered the entire core region. It was found that mononuclear cells from 24 (52%) of 46 patients with chronic liver disease responded to the core protein; asymptomatic HCV carriers demonstrated a lower response rate (14%, P < .05). More important, individuals who had received IFN-alpha treatment and went into clinical and virological remission had a higher response rate (75%, P < .05) compared with those with ongoing hepatitis whose treatment failed (31%). Of 25 patients whose mononuclear cells responded to HCV core protein, 18 had a significant response to one or more peptides; 12 patients reacted to a peptide mixture containing hydrophilic sequences. The core peptide amino acid sequence 141 to 160 was recognized in 9 patients. Interestingly, 7 of 8 patients bearing HLA DR 4 and w53 haplotypes recognized the peptide sequence 141 to 160. Thus, IFN-gamma production of the mononuclear cell response appeared to be HLA DR restricted, and the responding cells were identified as CD4+ T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The efficiency of membrane transport of vitamin B6 coupled to poly(ester amine) gene transporter and transfection in cancer cells
Authors: Shambhavi Pandey, Pankaj Garg, Ki Taek Lim, Jangho Kim, Yun-Hoon Choung, Yun-Jaie Choi, Pill-Hoon Choung, Chong-Su Cho, Jong Hoon Chung
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Controlled Low Oxygen Concentration by Venturi Effect
Authors: Sattar Farzan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Chusid et al (214: 889, 1970) recently introduced a new mask for delivering controlled low-concentration oxygen by Venturi effect. Although they claimed several points in its favor in comparison with the Venturi masks commonly used, they presented no evidence, with the exception of its lower price, for its advantage. The authors presented no reason, other than manufacturers' recommendation, that one could not use the same low flow oxygen in 24% Ventimask with comparable result. It can easily be calculated that to obtain an oxygen concentration of 24%, a mixture of 1 part of oxygen to 25 parts of air is needed; therefore, an oxygen flow rate of 1.5 to 2 liters/min inanyVenturi mask would produce a total air flow of 39 to 52 liters/min. This large air flow is more than the patient's peak inspiratory flow rate and should prevent rebreathing.  It is not clear
"FRACTURES OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR"
Authors: Willis C. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Replying to Dr. Royal Whitman's letter (Correspondence,The Journal, November 3), commenting on my article inThe Journal, October 20: The object of my address was to determine the nature of union secured in central or intracapsular fractures of the neck of the femur, as the question of treatment had been fully discussed in previous contributions. Dr. Whitman is correct in assuming that I consider artificial impaction a minor factor. The object of artificial impaction, as an adjunct, was to secure, if possible, an even higher percentage in which solid bony union occurred, for it is well known that impacted central or subcapital fractures unite by bony union in practically every case. This is due either to better fixation by impaction or to osteogenesis so induced. I have never been able to feel that "something gives" and have only been able to demonstrate, by means of the
American Medical Association calls for stricter regulation of electronic cigarettes
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

At its annual meeting the American Medical Association has called for stricter regulation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), battery powered devices that generate vaporized nicotine. They often resemble and are “smoked” like traditional cigarettes, and the nicotine solution is often flavored.

Public health officials have expressed concern that the devices will cause users to become addicted to nicotine and lead them to …
Ethical, social, and legal issues surrounding studies of susceptible populations and individuals.
Authors: C L Soskolne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Calls for professional accountability have resulted in the development of ethics guidelines by numerous specialty and subspecialty groups of scientists. Indeed, guidelines among some health professions now address vulnerable and dependent groups: but these are silent on issues related to biomarkers. In parallel, attention has been drawn to human rights concerns associated with attempts to detect hypersusceptible workers, especially in democratic countries. Despite this, concern for vulnerable populations grows as advances in biomarker technology make the identification of genetic predisposition and susceptibility markers of both exposure and outcome more attainable. In this article, the principles derived from the ethical theory of utilitarianism provide the basis for principle-based ethical analysis. In addition, the four principles of biomedical ethics--respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and social justice--are considered for biomarker studies. The need for a context in which ethical analysis is conducted and from which prevailing social values are shown to drive decisions of an ethical nature is emphasized; these include statutory regulation and law. Because biomarker studies can result in more harm than good, special precautions to inform research participants prior to any involvement in the use of biomarkers are needed. In addition, safeguards to maintain the privacy of data derived from biomarker studies must be developed and implemented prior to the application of these new technologies. Guidelines must be expanded to incorporate ethical, social, and legal considerations surrounding the introduction of new technologies for studying susceptible populations and individuals who may be vulnerable to environmental exposures.
NC-04 * THE COURSE OF QOL AND NEUROCOGNITION IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH GBM
Authors: B. Flechl, C. Sax, M. Ackerl, J. A. Hainfellner, G. Widhalm, K. Dieckmann, A. Wohrer, M. Preusser, C. Marosi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The importance of QOL and neurocognitive functions in patients with GBM is meanwhile beyond controversy. We followed newly diagnosed patients with GBM treated according to actual standard therapy during their course of disease by additionally evaluating their QOL and cognitive functions. METHODS: We included 42 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed GBM. To assess QOL we used the EORTC QLQ C30 and BN20 questionnaire. Neurocognition was measured with the NeuroCog FX. The evaluations were done 6 times every three months, beginning at the initiation of radiotherapy. RESULTS: 21/42 patients were able to do three assessments within 7 months. Afterwards, condition deterioration led to drop outs. The cognitive summary scale showed moderate impairment but remained stable. Patients with left-sided tumors showed significant lower scores in the subscale verbal fluency than patients with right-sided tumors during 4 months. The global health score of QOL decreased 20 points after the fifth evaluation whereas perceived fatigue symptoms were already increased one assessment before. Furthermore the patientś financial difficulties due to the disease increased strongly 7 months after diagnosis and were mentioned more frequently in younger patients and in patients with lower education levels. CONCLUSION: QOL and cognitive long-term assessments are feasible in patients with GBM before symptomatic progression occurs. Our study shows maintenance of QOL and cognitive summary scales before tumor progression and highlights subgroups according to tumor location and socioeconomic factors.
AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF A STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEINASE AND ITS PRECURSOR
Authors: Theodore Shedlovsky, S. D. Elliott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

An electrophoretic study of crystalline preparations of a streptococcal proteinase and its precursor established their isoelectric points at pH values of 8.42 and 7.35 respectively (ionic strength 0.10). Preparations of the proteinase appeared to be electrophoretically homogeneous over a pH range of 5 to 8.5. Precursor preparations contained a relatively low concentration of the active enzyme visible as a separate peak in electrophoretic patterns of sufficiently concentrated solutions. Autocatalytic conversion of precursor to active enzyme was complete and resulted in a corresponding change in the electrophoretic pattern. Treatment of precursor preparations with trypsin produced incomplete conversion to the active enzyme and resulted in the formation of a modified precursor protein. This differed from the parent substance in electrophoretic mobility and in susceptibility to trypsin, but resembled it in immunological specificity and, as previously shown, in susceptibility to conversion to active enzyme by autocatalysis. Serological reactions of precursor and active enzyme components withdrawn from the cell after electrophoresis are described. It appears that the precursor protein may have two antigenic groups, one specific, the other shared by the active enzyme which behaves as a single antigen.
Sucess of Brochure/One Page Universal Consent for Biospecimen Donation.
Authors: B. Singh, B. Singh, D. Roses, D. Roses, A. Guth, A. Guth, F. Schnabel, F. Schnabel, R. Shapiro, R. Shapiro, D. Axelrod, D. Axelrod, A. Ginsberg, N. Ziguridis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Accrual of biospecimens to biorepositories is a challenge and has been recognized as a critical barrier for translational research. HIPAA mandates that patients sign a separate Informed ConsentForm (ICF) for donating biospecimens for research. This poses a significant challenge to the medical staff and may negatively impact accrual to biorepositoriesMaterials and Methods: At NYU Cancer Institute, the ten page ICF was reformatted as a tri-fold brochure and one page ICF in 2005. The brochure is given to patients during the office visit or at time of registration and the triplicate one-page ICF on the day of surgery. The brochure contains information regarding biospecimen banking.The triplicate, one page consent is signed by the patient on the day of surgery.Results: In a 3-year period (2003-2005), the 10-page ICF was used to consent 433 patients from Breast, Gynecologic Oncology and GI Oncology, with an average of 2.77 patients per week. After the implementation of the novel brochure and single page ICF format, 1,426 patients were consented in the next 3- year period (2006-2008), with an average of 9.14 patients per week (10)Patients in the Breast Surgical Oncology Clinic at NYUCI were initially targeted. This was done in close cooperation with the breast surgical oncologists, nurses and operating room staff. The brochure/1-page ICF method doubled the accrual of patients from 141 to 304 patients in the first year (2005-6). However, the number of patients who consented did not increase in the next two years in spite of a significant increase in the total number of patients in the breast surgical oncology service.A root cause analysis was performed and it was determined that either the patients were not approached in the physician's office or the consenting process was not followed. It was concluded that a dedicated consenting professional was required to overcome these hurdles, who will primarily works in the operating room, where patients with diagnosis of cancer are targeted. This has yielded a significant increase in number of patients consenting for biospecimen donation. shows a significant increase in accrual since her recruitment in February 2009.Conclusions: A novel consenting mechanism with a brochure and one page consent has been successfully implemented at NYU Cancer Institute and has resulted in a significant increase in patients consenting for biospecimen donation. The process is being replicated institute wide for accrual to all biorepositories at NYULMC. This novel method can be widely employed to accrue specimens for clinical trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6081.
Some aspects of the radiology of the shoulder in rheumatoid arthritis with a note on the findings in osteoarthrosis.
Authors: M M McNair, J A Boyle, W W Buchanan, J K Davidson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases scleritis; did you find anything which would suggest any virus disease in any of your patients?DR.PITKEATHLY As regards the allergy: there were a number of patients with episcleritis who had attacks in the spring or in the summer.As regards the rosacea: we excluded that at the beginning because we were aware that it could produce episcleritis.We did not find any suggestion of virus infection, although it was only looked for if there was some suggestion of this to begin with.
Abnormal Gallium-67 Citrate Imaging in Tuberculosis Appearing Like Sarcoidosis
Authors: JUAN L. SOTOMAYOR, LAWRENCE R. KUHNS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A chest radiograph and Ga-67 scan are presented in an 8-year-old black boy with a clinical course that was strongly suspicious of sarcoidosis. Despite its rarity in childhood, sarcoidosis was suspected because of the typical constitutional symptoms such as fever and weight loss, a negative PPD (with other positive skin test), negative AFB cultures, and the physical findings such as hepatomegaly, hypertropic skin changes, and possible parotid gland enlargement. Because the etiology was unclear, a mediastinal biopsy was undertaken which subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates endothelial regrowth and proliferation in denuded arteries.
Authors: V Lindner, R A Majack, M A Reidy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

A large percentage of vascular reconstructions, endarterectomies, and angioplasties fail postoperatively due to thrombosis and restenosis. Many of these failures are thought to result from an inability of the vascular endothelium to adequately regenerate and cover the denuded area. After balloon catheter denudation of the rat carotid artery, regrowth of endothelium ceases after approximately 6 wk, leaving a large area devoid of endothelium. Here we show that this cessation of reendothelialization can be overcome by the systemic administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Administration of 120 micrograms bFGF over an 8-h period caused a highly significant increase in the replication rate of endothelial cells at the leading edge of 38.5 vs. 2.1% in controls, and, when given over a longer period of time (12 micrograms daily for 12 d), resulted in a significant increase in the extent of endothelial outgrowth onto the denuded surface. Furthermore, total regrowth could be achieved within 10 wk after balloon catheter denudation when 12 micrograms bFGF was injected twice per week for a period of 8 wk. Endothelium in unmanipulated arteries responded to bFGF with a significant increase in replication, but no increase in endothelial cell density was observed in these arteries. These data demonstrate that bFGF can act as a potent mitogen for vascular endothelial cells in vivo, and add considerably to our understanding of the mechanism underlying endothelial repair after in vivo vascular injuries.
Swedish UN Soldiers in Cyprus, UNFICYP: Their Psychological and Social Situation
Authors: Tom Lundin, Ulf Otto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Two Swedish rifle batallions serving as UN soldiers in Cyprus (UNFICYP) have been investigated with respect to their demographic background and motives for application for UN service. The comparison of symptoms of stress in general, of posttraumatic stress disorder specifically, and some other variables of reaction with various studies of Swedish UN soldiers in different settings has given the following results. Very few interviewees experienced 'personal nervous breakdown' (0.5%). The soldiers reported in general very few psychological or psychosomatic complaints in the short time perspective. There seemed, however, to be two groups of persons at risk, namely those who were repatriated and those with a high consumption of alcohol.
Little consensus on prescribing of estrogens for postmenopausal women
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The latest consensus development conference at the National Institutes of Health tackled the thorny problem of estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women. Those at the meeting, sponsored by the National Institute of Aging, concluded that exogenous estrogens clearly have been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer. The hormones are effective, however, in controlling the vasomotor symptoms, atrophy of vaginal epithelium, and osteoporosis that often accompany menopause. Still, aside from discouraging high-dose or longterm use of estrogen therapy, the consensus panel refrained from formulating specific guidelines for the prescribing of estrogens for postmenopausal women. They concluded, rather, that physicians should discuss the benefits and risks of the treatment with each patient and then leave the final decision up to her. Currently fewer than 7 million of the more than 30 million American women past menopause are using estrogens. In contrast, about 20 million prescriptions for the various estrogen compounds
Basic Principles of Computed Tomography
Authors: Ronald D. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is a well-written book, and, as the title indicates, it is on the basic principles of computed tomography (CT). These basic principles, however, are not those of interpretation and evaluation of CT examinations but rather are the basic physics and mathematics for the concepts of CT. Background radiation physics, radiological technology, and computer theory are part of these discussions. There is little in the way of any clinical discussion other than one chapter on image display.  The book nicely goes into the background of conventional tomography and then the background and development of CT. The different types of CT scanning equipment are evaluated, including the various types of geometry used for scanning. A comparison of first, second, third, and fourth generation scanners is discussed.  These discussions are followed by a chapter in which there is a comparison of the theories and techniques of image reconstruction. A chapter on practical