tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Care of the Ambulatory Patient
Authors: David J. Shulkin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Every doctor has one book on his shelf with the binding slightly more worn than the others. Its pages are bent, and it is highlighted throughout. When he is in the midst of a clinical dilemma, he will reach for it first.<i>Practical Care of the Ambulatory Patient</i>will not be that book. However, for many it will share the same shelf, within easy reach. No one leaves medical school fully prepared for the diversities of patient care. We recall lectures on pheochromocytoma and malignant melanoma, but not on managing hemorrhoids. Some topics were too mundane to get into the curriculum. After all, professors have their pride. Lecturing about the commonplace is not as glamorous as describing the latest research on a new and fascinating clinical phenomenon. This book begins where your professors left off. Glancing through the table of contents, you might mistake it for a comprehensive textbook of
Corrigendum to: “Perioperative Morbidity of Laparoscopic Cryoablation of Small Renal Masses with Ultrathin Probes: A European Multicentre Experience” [Eur Urol 2009;56:355–62]
Authors: M. Pilar Laguna, Patricia Beemster, Vivenkanandar Kumar, H. Christoph Klingler, Stephen Wyler, Chris Anderson, Francis X. Keeley, Alexander Bachmann, Jorge Rioja, Charalampos Mamoulakis, Michael Marberger, Jean J. de la Rosette
Journal: European Urology (2009)
An efficient optimization technique for recovering ventilation-perfusion distributions from inert gas data. Effects of random experimental error.
Authors: S A Jaliwala, R E Mates, F J Klocke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A variable metric optimization method of numerical analysis has been used to recover known distributions of intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion ratios from inert gas data. Hypothetical lungs were simulated and corresponding inert gas retentions calculated. By using error-free retentions for seven gases and a 50-compartment model, it was possible to recover distributions containing up to three modes accurately and with greater efficiency than with other numerical methods. When random error of a magnitude consistent with present analytical techniques was introduced into retention data, the recovered distributions differed qualitatively from the original ones. This resulted from the ill-conditioned nature of the mathematical problem, which makes a recovered distribution extremely sensitive to small errors in retention. Thus, present levels of measurement error represent an important limitation in current techniques for deriving distributions from inert gas measurements.
Explicit knowledge in dolphins?
Authors: Eduardo Mercado, Scott O. Murray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The theoretical framework proposed by Dienes &amp; Perner sets the wrong standards for knowledge to be considered explicit. Animals other than humans possess knowledge, too, some of which is probably explicit. We argue that a comparative approach to investigating knowledge is likely to be more fruitful than one based on linguistic constructs and unobservable phenomena.
Crohn’s-like reaction in diverticular disease
Authors: A Gledhill, M F Dixon
Journal: Gut (1998)

Diverticulitis and Crohn's disease affecting the colon occur at similar sites in older individuals, and in combination are said to carry a worse prognosis than either disease in isolation. It is possible that diverticulitis may initiate inflammatory changes which resemble Crohn's disease histologically, but do not carry the clinical implications of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.To evaluate histological features and clinical outcome in individuals initially diagnosed histologically as having both Crohn's colitis and diverticulitis.Eleven consecutive individuals having a colonic resection showing histological features of both Crohn's disease and diverticulitis.Retrospective review of histological specimens, case notes, and discharge letters.In nine patients, the Crohn's-like reaction was confined to the segment bearing diverticula. They had no clinical evidence of Crohn's disease.A Crohn's-like inflammatory response can be a localised reaction to diverticulitis and does not necessarily indicate chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
1130 THE EFFECT OF HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF PSI-7977 IN HEPATITIS C INFECTED SUBJECTS TREATED FOR SEVEN DAYS
Authors: E. Lawitz, M. Rodriguez-Torres, M.T. Cornpropst, J.M. Denning, D. Clemons, L. McNair, L. Fang, M.M. Berrey, W.T. Symonds
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE PERFORMANCE MEASURES: DOES ADHERENCE IMPACT EARLY UNPLANNED HOSPITAL READMISSIONS?
Authors: Sula Mazimba, Nakash Grant, Diklar Makola, Jessica Tan, Lata Parvathaneni, Trupti Patel, Vikas Kalra, Radha Kothapalli, Christina Redko, Harvey Hahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 4198: Mismatch repair polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in the Metropolitan New York Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Maya A. Kappil, Lissette Delgado-Cruzata, Yuyan Liao, Mary-Beth Terry, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Suboptimal DNA repair capacity is believed to contribute to genomic instability and, thereby, onset of carcinogenesis. In fact, deficient repair has been reported to account for up to a five-fold increase in breast cancer risk. Major cancer susceptibility genes involved in repair, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among breast cancer cases, have been identified. However, mutations in these genes are thought to account for only 5-10% of familial cases. Additional genetic susceptibility factors may play a role in the remaining cases, including polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes. Microsatellite instability, a commonly observed marker of mismatch repair (MMR) defects, has been observed in skin samples from breast cancer patients, suggesting a putative role for MMR in breast cancer. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms in mismatch repair genes and their association with breast cancer risk among participants of the Metropolitan New York Registry of Breast Cancer Families (N=744). Of the 313 sister-sets included in the registry, 306 sister-sets consisted of sisters discordant for disease. A total of twelve SNPs were chosen and assayed using Taqman SNP genotyping kits from Applied Biosystems. Using conditional logistic regression, an association with breast cancer was observed for two of the twelve SNPs assayed. A significant association with breast cancer risk was observed for MutY (H335Q,C/G) while a borderline association was observed for MSH2 (IVS12-6, T/C): OR = 2.24 (1.11-4.52) and OR = 1.71 (0.99-2.95), respectively. Future studies will focus on replicating these findings in a larger study population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4198
The faults of expert reviews are already well known
Authors: D A Fitzmaurice
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The authors are well known proponents of evidence based medicine and introduced the concept of patient oriented evidence that matters (POEMs) and disease oriented evidence in the early 1990s. The current study claims that the two main POEMS from the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS), namely that for patients with type 2 diabetes blood pressure control is more important than glycaemic control and that metformin should be first line therapy, are not well presented in review articles. It is odd, therefore, that they choose …
Drug interactions with methotrexate
Authors: J. L. Burton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Drug interactions with methotrexate Get access J. L. Burton J. L. Burton Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 3, 1 March 1991, Pages 300–301, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00582.x Published: 01 March 1991
"A calculated risk": the Salk polio vaccine field trials of 1954
Authors: M. Meldrum
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The polio vaccine field trials of 1954, sponsored by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (March of Dimes), are among the largest and most publicised clinical trials ever undertaken. Across the United States, 623 972 schoolchildren were injected with vaccine or placebo, and more than a million others participated as “observed” controls. The results, announced in 1955, showed good statistical evidence that Jonas Salk's killed virus preparation was 80-90% effective in preventing paralytic poliomyelitis.1

The statistical design used in this great experiment was singular, prompting criticism at the time and since. Eighty four test areas in 11 states used the textbook model: in a randomised, blinded design all participating children in the first three grades of school (ages 6-9) received injections of either vaccine or placebo and were observed for evidence of the disease. But 127 test areas in 33 states used an “observed control” design: participating children in the second grade (ages 7-8) received injections of vaccine; no placebo was given, and children in all three grades were then observed for the duration of the polio “season.”1

The use of the dual protocol illustrates both the power and the limitations of the randomised clinical trial to legitimate therapeutic claims. The placebo controlled trials were necessary to define the Salk vaccine—introduced by a lay organisation that has taken an activist position against the counsel of its virological advisers—as the product of scientific medicine. The observed control trials were essential to maintaining public support for the vaccine as the product of lay faith and investment in science. Here I examine the process by which the trial design was negotiated and the roles of the several actors.

### Summary points

The 1954 polio vaccine field trials used a singular statistical design

Over 600 000 schoolchildren were injected with vaccine or placebo and over …
Rat Heart Allograft Survival with Donor Pretreatment
Authors: JAN S. FREEMAN, E. CHAMBERLAIN, KEITH REEMTSMA, DAVID STEINMULLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Heterotopic rat heart transplants from Ag-B compatible Fischer strain donors to Lewis recipients were monitored by daily ECG. The median survival time (MST) of control grafts was 12.8 days. Pretreatment of donors with whole-body radiation, cyclophosphamide, or antilymphocyte serum resulted in MST of 19.7, 18.0, and 17.8 days, respectively. Local irradiation of the heart alone did not prolong survival beyond control values, whereas whole-body irradiation with the heart shielded did, indicating that the prolongation achieved by donor pretreatment with radiation, at least, was a systemic rather than local effect. Only slight prolongation was achieved by donor radiation in the Ag-B incompatible BN to Lewis strain combination, demonstrating the importance of histocompatibility matching for the effectiveness of donor pretreatment.
Completed suicide after attempted suicide
Authors: K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Methods used in attempts may indicate the degree of risk

An increasing number of nations are developing national strategies to try to prevent some of the estimated million suicides that occur annually throughout the world. Detection of people at risk is a key component of such programmes. Although attempted suicide (or self harm) is an important risk factor,1 the risk of suicide after attempted suicide seems to differ between countries. In the United Kingdom, the risk of suicide in the first year after self harm, although 60-100 times greater than in the general population,2 3 4 is much lower than that reported from other countries.4

In the linked cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3222), Runeson and colleagues assess the effect of the method of the attempted suicide on the risk of subsequent completed suicide.5 Using data from Swedish national case registers, the authors found that one in 10 people (12%) admitted to hospital after attempted suicide between 1973 and 1982 died by suicide during long term follow-up (to the end of 2003), 4.2% within the first year. These figures are three to four times greater than …
Mozart's scatological disorder.
Authors: B. Simkin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

loss in this study, previous work has been descriptive in nature, presenting the numbers of cases of hearing loss, presumed to have been noise induced or comparing hearing levels with reference populations.'7-8Both these descriptive methods have shortcomings: the former depends on the definition of noise induced hearing loss, and the latter depends on identifying a well matched reference population.Neither method of presentation is amenable to the necessary statistical testing.We believe that our method is suitable for estimating the risk of hearing loss in classical musicians as it does not depend on identifying cases but uses internal comparisons.Unfortunately, the numbers available limited the statistical power, but other orchestras might be recruited to an extended study.Our study shows that there is a potential for hearing damage in classical musicians and that some form of protection from excessive sound may occasionally be needed.
Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone treated with frusemide.
Authors: G Decaux, Y Waterlot, F Genette, R Hallemans, J C Demanet
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Seven out of nine patients with chronic inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone were successfully treated with 40 mg frusemide daily. One patient needed 80 mg, and the remaining patient achieved only a small increase in diuresis after 40 mg frusemide; this was probably related to his low creatinine clearance. In order to maintain a salt intake high enough to compensate for the loss of urine electrolytes 3 to 6 g sodium chloride was added as tablets to the sodium-free diet in six patients. Hypokalaemia occurred in five patients but was easily corrected with either supplements of potassium chloride or a potassium-sparing diuretic. These findings add further weight to evidence that Frusemide is a good alternative for the treatment of patients with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone who cannot tolerate water restriction.
Recent Advances: Clinical gastroenterology
Authors: I. Forgacs
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Gastroenterology has emerged from the backwoods of medical specialties only over the past 20 years. The influences behind this rapid transformation have been twofold. Firstly, the massive improvement in the technology of diagnosis, through radiology but especially in the use of fibreoptic endoscopy. Secondly, there has been substantial progress in medical treatment—not only in using new drugs but also in recognising that the endoscope is an important instrument in treatment as well as in diagnosis. The impact of these changes on clinical practice has been profound for physicians as well as surgeons.

In some major centres gastroenterology has undergone binary fission into hepatology and “hollow organ” gastroenterology. Advances in liver disease will be the subject of a later report, but before concentrating on the key aspects of progress in gastrointestinal disease I cannot resist citing the paper that has given me the most pleasure over the past year. It pronounces the death sentence on the use of bran in the irritable bowel syndrome. For years I have been listening to advocates of bran in functional bowel problems in the certain knowledge that it just doesn't work in the patients I treat. It now seems that 55% of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome are made worse with branwhile only 10% improve.1 Progress in functional aspects of gastrointestinal disease has been slow but there are many other areas in which important progress has been made. Our starting point is self selected as being unquestionably the greatest leap forward for years.

It is difficult to avoid controversy about the role of Helicobacter pylori, yet it should be possible to separate fact and mainstream opinion on the one hand from speculation and the maverick view, on the other. H pylori is unequivocally established as the causative organism of antral gastritis. It has …
Use of Pulse Oximetry for Assessing Ulnar Collateral Flow
Authors: Karen O'Mara
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Use of Pulse Oximetry for Assessing Ulnar Collateral FlowKaren O'Mara, DOKaren O'Mara, DOResurrection Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60631Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Ulnar collateral circulation should be assured before a procedure is done, given the reported incidence of radial artery thrombosis or occlusion and the reported lack of ulnar collateral flow in 5% to 6% of patients [1]. The Allen test has been historically recommended for the bedside screening of ulnar flow [2]. Case reports of limb ischemia after radial artery cannulation despite a negative Allen test result have been attributed to emboli [3], not inadequate ulnar collateral circulation that was undetected.The use of pulse oximetry has been recommended for enhancing the interpretation of results of this test and ...References1. Glavin RJ, Jones HM. Assessing collateral circulation in the hand—four methods compared. Anaesthesia. 1989; 44:594-5. Google Scholar2. Allen EV. Thromboangitis obliterans: methods of diagnosis of chronic occlusive arterial lesions distal to the wrist with illustrative cases. Am J Med Sci. 1929; 178:237-44. Google Scholar3. Mangano DT, Hickey RF. Ischemic injury following uncomplicated radial artery catheterization. Anesth Analg. 1979; 58:55-7. Google Scholar4. Williams T, Schenken JR. Radial artery puncture and the Allen test. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106:164-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Karen O'Mara, DOAffiliations: Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60631 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 522KeywordsArteriesCannulationDrugsHypotensionIntensive care unitsIschemiaPulse oximetryThrombosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Value of Measurements of Concentration of Protein in Pleural Fluid
Authors: David T. Carr, Marschelle H. Power
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN 1955 Leuallen and Carr,§ after a study of 436 patients with pleural effusion, reported in this journal that the specific gravity of the fluid was of limited value in differentiating the transudates due to congestive heart failure from the exudates due to inflammatory diseases and neoplasms. The concentration of protein in the fluid seemed to be more accurate in this differentiation. As a result, measurement of the specific gravity of pleural fluid was discontinued at the Mayo Clinic, and the concentration of protein in the fluid has been determined almost routinely. This report concerns a study of the data . . .
Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinius</i>
Authors: J. M. R. Saint‐Remy, P. M. Lebrun, S. J. Lebecque, P. L. Masson
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Specific antibodies isolated by immunoabsorption on four main insolubilized allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) had the following isotypic distribution: in 16 atopic patients, 52% IgG, 40% IgM, 8% IgA, 0.1% IgE and, in 12 non‐atopic individuals, 48% IgG, 46% IgM, 6% IgA, 0.03% IgE. The ratios between geometric means of antibody values in each class (atopic vs non‐atopies) were 2.4 for IgG, 2.0 for IgM, 2.8 for IgA and 66.7 for IgE. The amount of anti‐DPT antibodies in IgG subclasses (did not follow the usual distribution of total IgG subclasses, i.e., IgG1 &gt; lgG2 &gt; IgG3 &gt; IgG4. In atopies the order was IgG2 &gt; IgG1 &gt; IgG4 &gt; lgG3 and in non‐atopies, IgG4 &gt; IgGl ‐ IgG2 &gt; IgG3 although 6/12 of the latter had no detectable (&lt; 0.5 μg/ml plasma) IgG4.
Skin biopsy in general practice.
Authors: R B Williams, A H Burdge, S L Jones
Journal: BMJ (1991)

and length of history (M Whitaker, personal com- munication).Some, albeit few, malignant lesions were not clinically recognised in this study and doctors should be wary of discarding skin specimens as malignant and incompletely excised lesions may recur.Referral for histological examination avoids delayed diagnosis and should effect prompt and adequate further treatment if required.In conclusion, the performance of skin biopsies by general practitioners could be improved.All skin specimens should be sent for histological examination for feedback of both diagnostic skill and quality of excision.
Understanding uveitis: The impact of research on visual outcomes
Authors: Marc D. de Smet, Simon R.J. Taylor, Bahram Bodaghi, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Philip I. Murray, Uwe Pleyer, Manfred Zierhut, Talin Barisani-Asenbauer, Phuc LeHoang, Sue Lightman
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2011)
Life with Peanut: Follow up of Tolerant Versus Desensitized Subjects After Peanut OIT
Authors: Saira Zafar Sheikh, Brian P. Vickery, Pamela H. Steele, Janet S. Kamilaris, Michael D. Kulis, Suzanne K. Carlisle, G. Lynn Christie, Stacie M. Jones, A. Wesley Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo
Authors: Yue Wu, Ping Song, Wencheng Zhang, Junhui Liu, Xiaoyan Dai, Zhaoyu Liu, Qiulun Lu, Changhan Ouyang, Zhonglin Xie, Zhengxing Zhao, Xiaozhen Zhuo, Benoit Viollet, Marc Foretz, Jiliang Wu, Zuyi Yuan, Ming-Hui Zou
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Diagnosis of Uterine Rupture on CT
Authors: Alexandra Grosvenor Eller, Barbra Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 34-year-old woman with seven previous cesarean deliveries and a history of scant prenatal care presented at 32 weeks' gestation with constant, vague lower abdominal pain that had worsened over the past day. Her vital signs were normal, and the examination was notable for tenderness in both lower quadrants. Laboratory tests revealed a hematocrit value of 39% and a white-cell count of 18,300 per cubic millimeter with 8% bands. The fetal status was reassuring, on the basis of a reactive heart-rate tracing with rare variable decelerations. Infrequent uterine contractions were noted, and the cervix was long and closed with no . . .
Virtual magnetic resonance colonography
Authors: J F Debatin
Journal: Gut (2003)

Colorectal cancer screening has vast potential. Beyond considerations for cost and diagnostic accuracy, the effectiveness of any colorectal screening strategy will be dependent on the degree of patient acceptance. Magnetic resonance (MR) colonography has been shown to be accurate regarding the detection of clinically relevant colonic polyps exceeding 10 mm in size, with reported sensitivity and specificity values exceeding 95%. To further increase patient acceptance, strategies for fecal tagging have recently been developed. By modulating the signal of fecal material to be identical to the signal characteristics of the enema applied to distend the colon, fecal tagging in conjunction with MR colonography obviates the need for bowel cleansing. The review will describe the techniques underlying MR colonography and describe early clinical experience with fecal tagging techniques.
The mucoadhesive and gastroretentive properties of hydrophobin-coated porous silicon nanoparticle oral drug delivery systems
Authors: Mirkka P. Sarparanta, Luis M. Bimbo, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Jarno J. Salonen, Päivi H. Laaksonen, A.M. Kerttuli Helariutta, Markus B. Linder, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Timo J. Laaksonen, Hélder A. Santos, Anu J. Airaksinen
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)