tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Nuclear Medicine: Effects of A-Bomb Radiation on the Human Body
Authors: Eugene L. Saenger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 July 1996Reviews and Notes: Nuclear Medicine: Effects of A-Bomb Radiation on the Human BodyEugene L. Saenger, MD and Edward B. Silberstein, MDEugene L. Saenger, MDUniversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0577Search for more papers by this author and Edward B. Silberstein, MDUniversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0577Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I Shigematsu, C Ito, N Kamada, M Akiyama, and H Sasaki. 419 pages. Tokyo: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1996. $50.00. ISBN 3718654180. Order phone 800-565-9523.The early and later effects of the nuclear bombs detonated at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are the most extensive and reliable measures of the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on humans. These findings have been incorporated into radiation protection standards adopted internationally.The authors, who are Japanese and highly qualified, have surveyed the extensively detailed data and present a careful analysis, comparing their findings with research in other populations who had similar exposures, as recorded ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0577 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 159-160KeywordsGastric cancerGeneticsIonizing radiationLung and intrathoracic tumorsMolecular epidemiologyMultiple myelomaMutationPopulation geneticsPopulation statisticsThyroid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1079: Function and modulation of Pdcd4 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Stephanie S. Liu, Tina N. Wei, Karen KL Chan, Hextan YS Ngan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a novel gene and originally identified as the neoplastic transformation inhibitor, is attenuated in various cancer types. It has been shown to have tumor suppressor properties such as inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Our previous study demonstrated a continuous down-regulation of Pdcd4 expression in the sequence of normal-borderline-malignant ovarian tissue samples, and a significant correlation of Pdcd4 expression with disease-free survival. The objective of the current study is to further investigate the function and modulation of Pdcd4 in ovarian cancer cells. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that ectopic Pdcd4 expression significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation by up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors of p27 and p21 and subsequently leading to cell cycle arrest at G1 stage. Unlike other cancers, Pdcd4 neither induce ovarian cancer cell apoptosis, nor promote the cellular sensitivity in response to cisplatin treatment. Pdcd4 over-expressing ovarian cancer cells exhibited elevated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and decreased p-Akt expressions. In addition, Pdcd4 expression was up-regulated and translocated from cell nucleus to cytoplasm upon serum withdrawal treatment, but was rapidly depleted via proteasomal degradation upon serum re-administration. Treatment of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor prevented the degradation of Pdcd4. In conclusion, loss of Pdcd4 may result in diminished cell ability to arrest at key checkpoint, leading to tumor development. The PI3K-Akt pathway may be involved in the regulation of Pdcd4 degradation in ovarian cancer cells. In response to the stress condition, Pdcd4 expression was altered and it was translocated to cytoplasm, suggesting that Pdcd4 was able to shuttle between cell compartments to perform its diverted functions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1079. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1079
Norepinephrine Precursor Therapy in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Horacio Kaufmann, Daniela Saadia, Andrei Voustianiouk, David S. Goldstein, Courtney Holmes, Melvin D. Yahr, Rachel Nardin, Roy Freeman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH), the availability of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in the synaptic cleft is insufficient to maintain blood pressure while in the standing posture.We determined the effect of oral administration of the synthetic amino acid L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS), which is decarboxylated to NE by the enzyme L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (L-AADC) in neural and nonneural tissue, on blood pressure and orthostatic tolerance in 19 patients with severe NOH (8 with pure autonomic failure and 11 with multiple-system atrophy). A single-blind dose-titration study determined the most appropriate dose for each patient. Patients were then enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. L-DOPS significantly raised mean blood pressure both supine (from 101+/-4 to 141+/-5 mm Hg) and standing (from 60+/-4 to 100+/-6 mm Hg) for several hours and improved orthostatic tolerance in all patients. After L-DOPS, blood pressure increases were closely associated with increases in plasma NE levels. Oral administration of carbidopa, which inhibits L-AADC outside the blood-brain barrier, blunted both the increase in plasma NE and the pressor response to L-DOPS in all patientsAcute administration of L-DOPS increases blood pressure and improves orthostatic tolerance in patients with NOH. The pressor effect results from conversion of L-DOPS to NE outside the central nervous system.
Infliximab for severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Transient clinical efficacy in 7 consecutive patients
Authors: Laurence Fardet, Alain Dupuy, Delphine Kerob, Annabelle Levy, Matthieu Allez, Edouard Begon, Hervé Bachelez, Patrice Morel, Celeste Lebbé
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Differences in BMI <i>z</i> -Scores between Offspring of Smoking and Nonsmoking Mothers: A Longitudinal Study of German Children from Birth through 14 Years of Age
Authors: Christina Riedel, Nora Fenske, Manfred J. Müller, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik, Thomas Keil, Linus Grabenhenrich, Rüdiger von Kries
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy have a lower birth weight but have a higher chance to become overweight during childhood.We followed children longitudinally to assess the age when higher body mass index (BMI) z-scores became evident in the children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and to evaluate the trajectory of changes until adolescence.We pooled data from two German cohort studies that included repeated anthropometric measurements until 14 years of age and information on smoking during pregnancy and other risk factors for overweight. We used longitudinal quantile regression to estimate age- and sex-specific associations between maternal smoking and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles of the BMI z-score distribution in study participants from birth through 14 years of age, adjusted for potential confounders. We used additive mixed models to estimate associations with mean BMI z-scores.Mean and median (50th quantile) BMI z-scores at birth were smaller in the children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy compared with children of nonsmoking mothers, but BMI z-scores were significantly associated with maternal smoking beginning at the age of 4-5 years, and differences increased over time. For example, the difference in the median BMI z-score between the daughters of smokers versus nonsmokers was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.21) at 5 years, and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.39) at 14 years of age. For lower BMI z-score quantiles, the association with smoking was more pronounced in girls, whereas in boys the association was more pronounced for higher BMI z-score quantiles.A clear difference in BMI z-score (mean and median) between children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers emerged at 4-5 years of age. The shape and size of age-specific effect estimates for maternal smoking during pregnancy varied by age and sex across the BMI z-score distribution.
Abstract 16401: Defining the Cardiovascular Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Noonan Syndrome.
Authors: Terence W Prendiville, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Ronald Lacro, Erica Tworog-Dube, Raju Kucherlapati, Amy E Roberts
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Aim: To describe the spectrum of heart disease in a large genotypically- and phenotypically-defined cohort of patients with Noonan syndrome. Method: An international research database of patients w...
The short life of a terminal care support team: experience at Charing Cross Hospital.
Authors: A Herxheimer, R Begent, D MacLean, L Phillips, B Southcott, I Walton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The introduction and success of the hospice movement in Great Britain and, notably, the pioneering work of Dame Cicely Saunders established a new standard for the care of dying patients.It has, however, been generally recognised that only a few dying patients can ever be looked after in hospices.Several hospital based teams have therefore come into being with the aim of improving the control of symptoms and providing spiritual and practical support for both patients and their relatives in the more general situation of a hospital and its district.In 1980 a proposal by two of us to start a hospital based terminal care support team was put to the consultants in the medical and surgical divisions and the medical executive committee at Charing Cross Hospital.After full discussion it was accepted, and in 1982 the then district management team agreed to the appointment of a full time nurse to act as a nucleus for the team.In March 1982 a nursing sister was appointed together with six volunteers-five doctors (a radiotherapist, two medical oncologists, a geriatrician, and a clinical pharmacologist, all with experience of terminal care) and the hospital chaplain.
Response to minoxidil in severe alopecia areata correlates with T lymphocyte stimulation
Authors: VIRGINIA C. FIEDLER-WEISS, CUNERA M. BUYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Mitogen-induced T cell blastogenesis was determined in 47 patients with severe alopecia areata, before and after treatment with topical 5% minoxidil, and compared with control values. The group of 36 responders, who demonstrated terminal hair regrowth, showed significantly increased lymphocyte stimulation with concanavalin A and PHA before treatment, which decreased towards control values following hair regrowth. Lymphocytes from non-responders showed no significant differences from controls either before or after treatment. The results suggest that enhanced T cell blastogenesis may predict the response of severe alopecia areata to topical 5% minoxidil therapy.
Haitian Amputees — Lessons Learned from Sierra Leone
Authors: J Daniel Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

More than a month after the recent earthquake, the Haitian government reported that 6000 to 8000 people had lost limbs or digits, but they did not address the bigger question: What's the plan for these amputees?1 Nearly a decade ago, Sierra Leone emerged from war and faced the problem of providing health care to the many civilians who had undergone amputations. In my view, Sierra Leone's history with amputees teaches three lessons: amputees and their dependents have the right to free, lifelong health care, government cannot afford to bear this immediate responsibility, and medical facilities are central to coordinating comprehensive . . .
Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
Authors: S. J Lewis, M. Egger, P. A Sylvester, S. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether a period of starvation (nil by mouth) after gastrointestinal surgery is beneficial in terms of specific outcomes. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing any type of enteral feeding started within 24 hours after surgery with nil by mouth management in elective gastrointestinal surgery. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane controlled trials register) were searched, reference lists checked, and letters requesting details of unpublished trials and data sent to pharmaceutical companies and authors of previous trials. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Anastomotic dehiscence, infection of any type, wound infection, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, length of hospital stay, and mortality. <b>Results:</b> Eleven studies with 837 patients met the inclusion criteria. In six studies patients in the intervention group were fed directly into the small bowel and in five studies patients were fed orally. Early feeding reduced the risk of any type of infection (relative risk 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.98, P=0.036) and the mean length of stay in hospital (number of days reduced by 0.84, 0.36 to 1.33, P=0.001). Risk reductions were also seen for anastomotic dehiscence (0.53, 0.26 to 1.08, P=0.080), wound infection, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, and mortality, but these failed to reach significance (P&gt;0.10). The risk of vomiting was increased among patients fed early (1.27, 1.01 to 1.61, P=0.046). <b>Conclusions:</b> There seems to be no clear advantage to keeping patients nil by mouth after elective gastrointestinal resection. Early feeding may be of benefit. An adequately powered trial is required to confirm or refute the benefits seen in small trials. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Enteral feeding within 24 hours after gastrointestinal surgery is tolerated Theoretically, early enteral feeding improves tissue healing and reduces septic complications after gastrointestinal surgery <h3>What this study adds</h3> There is no benefit in keeping patients “nil by mouth” after gastrointestinal surgery Septic complications and length of hospital stay were reduced in those patients who received early enteral feeding In patients who received early enteral feeding there were no significant reductions in incidence of anastomotic dehiscence, wound infection, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, and mortality
Desensitization of myocardial β-adrenergic receptors in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Samuel S. Lee, Jean Marty, Jean Mantz, Emmanuel Samain, Alain Braillon, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Cardiac responses to catecholamines are known to be attenuated in chronic liver disease. To elucidate the role of beta-adrenergic receptor alteration in this phenomenon, we measured heart rate responsiveness to isoprenaline and myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor-binding characteristics in three groups of rats: those that were sham operated, those that had portal vein stenosis and those that were cirrhotic because of bile duct ligation. Responsiveness to isoprenaline was evaluated in conscious rats by the dose of isoprenaline needed to increase basal heart rate by 50 beats/min and by the maximal heart rate response. beta-Receptor characteristics in heart membranes were derived from 125I-iodocyanopindolol binding data. Compared with sham-operated controls, cirrhotic rats needed a significantly higher dose of isoprenaline to raise basal heart rate by 50 beats/min (102.3 +/- 19.1 vs. 28.3 +/- 11.3 ng/kg) and lower maximal heart rate response (104 +/- 29 vs. 158 +/- 61 beats/min). In addition, myocardial beta-receptor density was significantly lower in cirrhotic rats (26.5 +/- 4.6 vs. 37.5 +/- 10.3 fmol/mg protein) and the dissociation constant was higher (31.6 +/- 17.0 vs. 14.0 +/- 2.5 pmol/L). Analysis of beta 1/beta 2 subpopulations revealed that the decreased total beta-receptor density was entirely due to selective beta 1-receptor down-regulation. beta-Receptor affinity for agonist was not altered in cirrhotic rats. Rats with portal vein stenosis showed no significant differences in either isoprenaline responsiveness or beta-receptor characteristics when compared with controls. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic receptor down-regulation may be responsible for the myocardial hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines observed in cirrhosis.
Trichomonas and haematospermia.
Authors: H. C. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

flow rate without alkalinization the flow rate should be at least 12 ml./min;and (3) if the urine is weakly alkaline a flow rate of over 9 ml./min. is still required.If the case is not very severe-for example, peak plasma salicylate level not exceeding 80 mg./100 ml.-it is probably immaterial whether one adopts simple diuretic therapy, or alkalinization, or both, provided that the treatment is vigorous.However, in very severe cases it is desirable to remove salicylate from the body at the maximum possible rate, and this means com- bining very high flow rates with high urine alkalinity.Mean Salicylate Clearance* in ml. per Minute Classified According to Urine Flow Rate and Urine pH Urine Flow Rate
The Anion Gap in Asymptomatic Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Authors: MICHAEL J. SCHNUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The presence of a low anion gap in patients with multiple myeloma has recently been emphasized. This has been related to the retention of chloride and bicarbonate anions to offset the cationic charge of the monoclonal immunoglobulins. We now report the presence of a low anion gap in 50 patients with asymptomatic plasma cell dyscrasias. No correlation was found between the size of the anion gap and the height of the paraprotein "spike" or the size of the anion gap and an index of the net cationic charge of the monoclonal immunoglobulins.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BIOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES IN TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Ragnvald Ingebrigtsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. The Wallerian degeneration occurring in peripheral nerves by incubation in Ringer solution and serum does not occur in plasma. 2. Peripheral nerves incubated in plasma give rise to no growth. The same is true of peripheral nerves in a Wallerian degeneration up to the 4th day. 3. Peripheral nerves in Wallerian degeneration from the 5th day give rise to a growth of the syncytium of Schwann. In cultures from later stages there is a progressive growth of the same structure. It is evident that the proliferation of the cells of Schwann is directly produced by the degeneration of the axis cylinder and its myelin sheath. 4. In no case was growth of axis cylinders observed. 5. The growth of the syncytium of Schwann from degenerating nerves affords a basis for an anatomical conception of the centrifugal orientation of growing axis cylinders in regeneration. 6. Morphologically there is a striking resemblance between the syncytium of Schwann and neuroglia growing in plasma.
Vitamin C and Iron
Authors: Arthur W. Nienhuis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Some of the first clues that ascorbic acid might be involved in iron metabolism came from careful clinical observations of the Bantu in South Africa.1 Habituated to the practice of drinking large quantities of beer that had been brewed in iron pots, these tribesmen ingested as much as 100 mg of iron each day. Curiously, they remained relatively immune to the detrimental effects of iron overload, although tissue hemosiderosis was readily documented. Most of the excess iron was found in reticuloendothelial cells, particularly in the spleen and liver, but the pancreas was also involved.2 In contrast to the situation in . . .
Current Controversies in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>Current Controversies in Cardiovascular Disease</i>is written for the practicing internist and cardiologist. The textbook concisely summarizes the current debates by prominent adult and pediatric cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons regarding the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease, hypertension, floppy mitral valve syndrome, pulmonary emboli, and selected aspects of congenital heart disease, including the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and palliative vs corrective surgery. Each chapter presents the opposing viewpoints and experience of two authorities on a single issue. The emphasis is on arguments for and against procedures such as coronary arteriography, radionucleotide angiography, ST-segment mapping, echocardiography, His bundle recordings, hemodynamic monitoring, pericardiocentesis, pulmonary arteriography, and coronary artery bypass surgery. The quality of the chapters, however, does vary. Lack of properly randomized investigations on controversial issues permits expression of opinion as found in the debates on exercise and anticoagulation in patients with coronary artery disease. Authoritative summaries
Gallium Uptake in Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
Authors: MARC F. GLICKSTEIN, MICHAEL G. VELCHIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Online First Collections ACNM MeetingsCMECommunication in OrganizationCOVID-19Feedback and RewardsFrom the American College of Nuclear MedicineHighly Cited and Frequently Read ArticlesPlanning and Conducting Meetings EffectivelyQuality and Safety in Health CareRecruitment of New PhysiciansTips for Giving a Memorable PresentationTips for LeadersTips for Physicians in Getting the Right Job ACNM ArticlesACNM Website For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Tachyarrhythmias in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: Edward K. Chung
Journal: JAMA (1977)

EVERY physician should be fully familiar with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome because it is frequently associated with the various ectopic tachyarrhythmias. In addition, the electrocardiographic findings in the WPW syndrome may closely resemble many other abnormalities that are frequently misinterpreted in our daily practice. The WPW syndrome was first recognized as a clinical entity by Wolff et al,<sup>1</sup>in 1930. The ECG findings, which were later considered to be characteristic of this syndrome, were described by Wilson<sup>2</sup>in 1915, and by Wedd<sup>3</sup>in 1921. The tachyarrhythmias may occur at any time and may begin at birth or during infancy, childhood, or adult life. Sixty percent to 70% of the cases with WPW syndrome have been encountered in healthy individuals without organic heart disease.<sup>4</sup> Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can be diagnosed by the surface 12-lead electrocardiogram, the His bundle electrogram, or vectorcardiogram. The typical ECG findings include a short