tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Challenge to accident department closure fails in court
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An 80 year old woman and two London boroughs failed this week in an attempt to stop the health secretary, Virginia Bottomley, going ahead with plans to close the accident and emergency department at one of London's oldest and most famous hospitals.

Monica Willan, a former housekeeper at Harrods department store, and the London Boroughs of Hackney and Islington sought judicial review of the decision to close the accident and emergency unit at St Bartholomew's Hospital, which they claimed was “irrational and perverse.” Their QC, Lord Lester, had argued that the consultation process leading up to the closure decision was a sham and that Mrs Bottomley had …
The respiratory burst of phagocytes.
Authors: B M Babior
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The Respiratory Burst of Phagocytes hen exposed to certain stimuli, phagocytes (neu- trophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear phagocytes) undergo marked changes in the way they handle oxygen (1).Their rates of oxygen uptake increase greatly, sometimes more than 50- fold; they begin to produce large amounts of superoxide (O°-) and hydrogen peroxide (H202); and they start metabolizing large quantities ofglucose by way ofthe hexose monophosphate shunt.Because of the sharp increase in oxygen uptake, this series of changes has come to be known as the "respiratory burst."The "respiration" associated with this burst, however, has nothing to do with energy production; rather, its purpose is to generate powerful microbicidal agents by the partial reduction ofoxygen.The respiratory burst results from the activation of an en- zyme, dormant in resting cells, that catalyzes the one-electron reduction of oxygen to °-at the expense of NADPH: 02+ NADPH -0 + NADP+ + HW.Most of this 0O reacts rapidly with itself, dismuting to produce oxygen and H202: 20-+ 2H+ -4 H202 + 02.At the same time, glucose is metabolized through the hexose monophosphate shunt in order to regenerate the NADPH that has been consumed by the 0-forming enzyme and by a glu- tathione-dependent H202-detoxifying system that is found in the cytoplasm of the phagocyte.0-and H202, the immediate products of the respiratory burst, are not used by the phagocytes for microbial killing because H202 is only weakly microbicidal and 0-is completely innoc- uous.These compounds are used instead as starting materials for the production of the true microbicidal oxidants of phagocytes.These microbicidal oxidants fall into two classes: oxidized halogens and oxidizing radicals.The production of the former starts with the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of Cl-to hypochlorite by H202 (2): CF-+ H202 -ox OC1-+ H20.myeloperoxidase
Counterfactuality in counterintuitive religious concepts
Authors: Justin L. Barrett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In sketching a preliminary scientific theory of religion, Atran &amp; Norenzayan (A&amp;N) generally agree with cognitive scientists of religion in the factors that coalesce to form religion. At times they misrepresent, however, the notion of “counterintuitive” concepts as they apply to religious concepts, confusing counterintuitive with counterfactual, category mistakes, and logical contradiction.
Zinc Metabolism in Renal Failure
Authors: CATHERINE J. CONDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Manifestations of zinc deficiency include abnormal bone metabolism, skin lesions, testicular atrophy, and impaired wound healing. Because these abnormalities are also common in uremia, zinc metabolism in renal insufficiency was studied. Blood, urine, and hair were collected from 42 male subjects, including 10 dialysis patients, 21 nondialyzed uremic patients, and 11 controls. Postmortem tissues (heart, liver, kidney, and testes) from patients who died of uremia were also analyzed. Plasma zinc was below normal in 21 of 31 patients. The zinc content of hair, heart, liver, and testes was normal. To measure the effect of acute uremia on zinc metabolism plasma zinc in rats was measured 24 hr after ureteral ligation. Despite low plasma zinc levels, there was no tissue deficit of zinc in hair, heart, liver, or testes of patients with chronic renal failure. Decreased plasma zinc can be demonstrated experimentally in uremic rats in the absence of zinc deficiency. Decreased plasma zinc in renal insufficiency may be due to redistribution rather than to total body deficiency.
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: Maurice M. Reeder
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>Common</h3> Bronchial adenoma Bronchogenic carcinoma; bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma [Chest-wall lesion (skin tumor, nipple shadow, rib lesion); artifact] Granuloma (eg, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, torulosis, idiopathic, talc) Hamartoma Metastasis (eg, from sarcoma; carcinoma of colon, ovary or testis; Wilms tumor) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Abscess Amyloid tumor Arteriovenous malformation Bulla, infected Cyst, fluid-filled (bronchogenic, bronchiectatic, hydatid) [Encapsulated fluid in pleural fissure; fibrin ball] Extramedullary hematopoiesis Fungus ball Gumma Hematoma Inflammatory pseudotumor; organized pneumonia Lipoid granuloma (paraffinoma) Lymph node, intrapulmonary Lymphoma [Mediastinal mass] [Mesothelioma of pleura] Mucoid impaction (eg, Aspergillus sensitivity) Neoplasm, benign (chemodectoma, chondroma, endometrioma, fibroma, granular cell myoblastoma, hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma, leiomyoma, lipoma, neurofibroma) Parasite granuloma (eg, heart worm, Ascaris) Plasmacytoma Pneumoconiosis (conglomerate mass) Pulmonary infarct Pulmonary sequestration Pulmonary varix; anomalous pulmonary
Number of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Doses and Condyloma
Authors: Aimée R. Kreimer, Mahboobeh Safaeian, Allan Hildesheim
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of protein C inhibitor (PCI) activity by specific oxidized and negatively charged phospholipids
Authors: Julia M. Malleier, Olga Oskolkova, Valery Bochkov, Ingrid Jerabek, Barbora Sokolikova, Thomas Perkmann, Johannes Breuss, Bernd R. Binder, Margarethe Geiger
Journal: Blood (2007)
How will the two-weeks-wait rule affect delays in management of urological cancers?
Authors: K R Subramonian, S Puranik, G R Mufti
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The UK National Health Service has now specified a maximum interval of two weeks between general practitioner (GP) referral and specialist assessment for patients with suspected cancer. We examined progress through the cancer pathway in 160 patients with potentially curable cancers of the prostate, bladder, kidney and testis before implementation of this rule. Median intervals with interquartile ranges were quantified from the first GP consultation to hospital referral, then to the first hospital consultation, confirmation of diagnosis and definitive surgery. 34% of patients were seen at the hospital within two weeks of referral. The overall median interval from GP consultation to radical surgery was 137 days, the longest being for prostate cancer (median 244). For prostate, bladder and renal cancers the principal element of delay was from the time of diagnosis to surgery (76, 73 and 26 days respectively). These results indicate that, under the two-weeks-wait rule, 2 out of every 3 patients achieve earlier initial assessment. However, the overall delay will not be substantially reduced without concomitant increases in diagnostic facilities, theatre time and human resources.
Cimetidine Kinetics and Dynamics in Patients with Severe Liver Disease
Authors: Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Hélène Fortunet-Fouin, Dominique Arsène
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Following cimetidine administration, 60% of the dose is excreted as unchanged drug in the urine, and 40% is eliminated by metabolism. We evaluated the effect of liver disease on cimetidine disposition by comparing its kinetics in 7 healthy subjects and 8 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients had severe liver disease as evidenced by the presence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, muscle wasting, and low serum albumin, but serum creatinine and creatinine clearance did not differ significantly between controls and cirrhotics. Following intravenous administration, cimetidine systemic clearance was decreased by 56% in cirrhotics. This reduction was due in major part to an impairment of the renal clearance of unchanged drug. The ratio of cimetidine to creatinine clearance was 3.71 ± 0.63 in controls, indicating active tubular secretion, and was decreased in cirrhotics (1.22 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). The volume of distribution of cimetidine was also decreased by 39% in cirrhotics. To verify whether these findings observed after a single dose could be extended to patients receiving chronic cimetidine treatment, cimetidine trough (predose) plasma levels were measured in an additional group of 56 subjects receiving continuous cimetidine therapy (15 controls and 41 cirrhotics). Trough plasma levels did not differ significantly in controls and patients with compensated liver disease, but were elevated in patients with moderate and severe hepatic dysfunction. It is concluded that cimetidine clearance is decreased in patients with severe liver disease, mostly due to an impairment of the tubular secretion of unchanged drug, and that a reduction of cimetidine dosage is warranted in these patients, even in the presence of a normal creatinine clearance.
Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome
Authors: M. ALDOORI, W B. CAMPBELL, P. A DIEPPE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome Get access MUNTHER ALDOORI, MUNTHER ALDOORI **From the Departments of Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W BRUCE CAMPBELL, W BRUCE CAMPBELL **From the Departments of Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL A DIEPPE PAUL A DIEPPE †From the Departments of Rheumarology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1986, Pages 466–470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.6.466 Published: 01 June 1986
Mobilization studies in complement-deficient mice reveal that optimal AMD3100 mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells depends on complement cascade activation by AMD3100-stimulated granulocytes
Authors: H M Lee, M Wysoczynski, R Liu, D-M Shin, M Kucia, M Botto, J Ratajczak, M Z Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Radiation Acts on the Microenvironment to Affect Breast Carcinogenesis by Distinct Mechanisms that Decrease Cancer Latency and Affect Tumor Type
Authors: David H. Nguyen, Hellen A. Oketch-Rabah, Irineu Illa-Bochaca, Felipe C. Geyer, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Jian-Hua Mao, Shraddha A. Ravani, Jiri Zavadil, Alexander D. Borowsky, D. Joseph Jerry, Karen A. Dunphy, Jae Hong Seo, Sandra Haslam, Daniel Medina, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
The Use of Simulators for Training in GI Endoscopy
Authors: J. Hochberger, J. Maiss, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Quality management and optimal patient care are two of the most important issues in clinical medicine today. While evidence-based medicine is rapidly becoming the “gold standard” for treatment modalities, the responsibility for education, including theoretical background as well as acquisition and refinement of manual skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy, remains in the hands of the individual physician. New endoscopy simulators have rekindled the discussion as to whether it is preferable for training in basic manual skills to take place away from the patient [1].
Prognostic value of minimal residual disease by real-time quantitative PCR in acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB-MYH11 rearrangement: the French experience
Authors: R Guièze, A Renneville, J-M Cayuela, R B Abdelali, N Boissel, S de Botton, M-T Rubio, F Mazingue, E A Macintyre, M Cheok, F Sigaux, P Fenaux, H Dombret, C Preudhomme
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
TCT-790 Impact of Periprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography on Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Analysis from the Brazilian Registry
Authors: Adriano Caixeta, J Eduardo Sousa, Luiz Antonio Carvalho, Jose A. Mangione, Rogério Sarmento-Leite, Alexandre S. Colafranceschi, Pedro Lemos, Paulo Caramori, Júlio Andrea, Maria C. Ferreira, Valter Lima, Dimytri Siqueira, Fábio Brito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Wnt/Axin1/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Nodal Activation, Elaboration, and Concordance of CNS Asymmetries
Authors: Matthias Carl, Isaac H. Bianco, Baubak Bajoghli, Narges Aghaallaei, Thomas Czerny, Stephen W. Wilson
Journal: Neuron (2007)

Nodal activity in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is required to activate left-sided Nodal signaling in the epithalamic region of the zebrafish forebrain. Epithalamic Nodal signaling subsequently determines the laterality of neuroanatomical asymmetries. We show that overactivation of Wnt/Axin1/beta-catenin signaling during late gastrulation leads to bilateral epithalamic expression of Nodal pathway genes independently of LPM Nodal signaling. This is consistent with a model whereby epithalamic Nodal signaling is normally bilaterally repressed, with Nodal signaling from the LPM unilaterally alleviating repression. We suggest that Wnt signaling regulates the establishment of the bilateral repression. We identify a second role for the Wnt pathway in the left/right regulation of LPM Nodal pathway gene expression, and finally, we show that at later stages Axin1 is required for the elaboration of concordant neuroanatomical asymmetries.
???Hot Spot??? on Liver Scan Due to Tricuspid Insufficiency
Authors: MITCHELL S. SANDLER, CHAN H. PARK, DOROTHY LIN, PETRE WECSLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A patient with a diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency was found to have a small focal area of increased activity, or "hot spot," in the liver on a Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scan. This "hot spot" was in the superior central portion of the liver in the region of the junction of the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava. Its presence was confirmed on a dynamic study of the liver, which showed appearance of the activity in the abnormal area at the same time as in the right atrium. The finding was thought to be the result of reflux of blood from the right atrium into the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins due to tricuspid insufficiency.
False-positives with "Phenistix"
Authors: S. Gold, P. D. Griffiths, R. G. Huntsman
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest extant religions in the world, originating in Persia (present-day Iran) during the second millennium BCE. Historical records indicate that migrants from Persia brought Zoroastrianism to India, but there is debate over the timing of these migrations. Here we present novel genome-wide autosomal, Y-chromosome and mitochondrial data from Iranian and Indian Zoroastrians and neighbouring modern-day Indian and Iranian populations to conduct the first genome-wide genetic analysis in these groups. Using powerful haplotype-based techniques, we show that Zoroastrians in Iran and India show increased genetic homogeneity relative to other sampled groups in their respective countries, consistent with their current practices of endogamy. Despite this, we show that Indian Zoroastrians (Parsis) intermixed with local groups sometime after their arrival in India, dating this mixture to 690-1390 CE and providing strong evidence that the migrating group was largely comprised of Zoroastrian males. By exploiting the rich information in DNA from ancient human remains, we also highlight admixture in the ancestors of Iranian Zoroastrians dated to 570 BCE-746 CE, older than admixture seen in any other sampled Iranian group, consistent with a long-standing isolation of Zoroastrians from outside groups. Finally, we report genomic regions showing signatures of positive selection in present-day Zoroastrians that might correlate to the prevalence of particular diseases amongst these communities.
Abstract 3697: Evaluation of monocyte and granulocyte function with and without ex vivo pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) exposure in blood of healthy volunteers
Authors: Whitney P. Caron, Ninh M. La-Beck, Alan M. Fong, Peng Liu, Suzan K. Hanna, Tuongvy L. Ngo, Beth A. Zamboni, Paola A. Gehrig, Teresa Tarrant, William C. Zamboni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: PLD is a nanoparticle approved for treatment of refractory ovarian cancer. The reticuloendothelial system (RES), which includes monocytes (MO), may have a key role in clearance (CL) of nanoparticle sized pegylated liposomes such as PLD, though factors affecting the CL of liposomes are unclear. Previously we reported that the CL of liposomes is associated with age and monocyte counts. This study's objective was to characterize the function of MO and granulocytes with and without ex vivo PLD exposure in the blood of healthy volunteers. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from six (4 males, 2 females) healthy human volunteers, immediately placed on ice and processed. Blood samples were incubated with PLD 10 mcg/mL or 5% dextrose solution (control) for 1 hour (h) at 37°C with 5% CO2. After incubation, PHAGOTEST® and PHAGOBURST® (Orpegen Pharma) tests were performed to evaluate phagocytic activity and respiratory burst activity. PHAGOBURST® tests were performed after fMLP and PMA stimulation. Samples were analyzed using Dako CyAn Flow Cytometer with Summit software. Comparisons were made between samples with and without PLD exposure, gender, and age &amp;gt;60 and &amp;lt;60 years old (yo) based on previously reported trends. Results: The mean + SD age of healthy volunteers was 45.9 + 14.9 yo. The mean fluorescence per cell, grouped by functional test and age, gender, and with or without PLD exposure are summarized in Table 1.Table 1.Mean Fluorescence Phagocytic ActivityRespiratory Burst Activity with fMLPRespiratory Burst Activity with PMA GranulocytesMonocytesGranulocytesMonocytesGranulocytesMonocytesAge &amp;gt;60 (n=2)447.6323.383.757.7377.789.4Age &amp;lt;60 (n=4)343.3213.5555.538.8663.6163.6p-value0.4590.240.0470.0480.6130.583 Male (n=4)370.2256.860.344.5587.9171.1Female (n=2)393.7236.674.146.4529.174.4p-value0.8940.9080.5290.8790.9320.449 Without PLD (n=6)414.2250.148.839.1542.1114.4With PLD (n=6)378.0250.164.945.1568.3138.9p-value0.6630.9990.2530.6290.9410.761 Conclusions: Differences in phagocytic and respiratory burst activity in granulocytes and MO of healthy volunteers were observed. There is variability in activity based on the type of assay used. There appears to be both age and gender differences in activity. A 1 h ex vivo exposure to PLD does not seem to significantly alter cell function. Future studies will characterize MO and granulocyte function, PLD uptake, and viability with and without PLD exposure in additional healthy subjects and ovarian and breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3697.
Hyperlipoproteinemia in Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Ninan T. Mathew
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The distribution of occlusive atherosclerotic lesions in the aortocranial circulation as determined by arteriography was correlated with results of plasma lipid and lipoprotein determinations of patients with symptoms and signs of cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in the total study population was 31.8%. The frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia was significantly higher in patients with atherosclerotic lesions limited to extracranial (51%) and intracranial major vessels (44.2%) when compared to the total number of patients and patients with only intracranial small-vessel disease (P &lt;.05). Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia was the most common abnormality (extracranial group, 42% type IV, 9% type II; intracranial major-vessel group, 35.8% type IV, 8.4% type II). Patients with intracranial small-vessel disease had the lowest frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (14.2%). The frequency of hypertension with or without hyperlipoproteinemia was higher in patients with intracranial small-vessel disease (P &lt;.01). (<i>JAMA</i>232:262-266, 1975)
γ-Globulin in the Prophylaxis of Posttransfusion Hepatitis
Authors: Paul V. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Commercial γ-globulin given shortly before open-heart surgery and then one month later was ineffective in reducing the incidence of posttransfusion icteric hepatitis. There were 11 cases in 84 treated patients, 6 in 83 control patients. Half of the cases of hepatitis had an incubation period of less than 50 days and neither this nor the severity of disease was affected by the γ-globulin treatment.
Old Enemies
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>carried a policy statement from the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Medical Association that reaffirmed the Association's commitment to public health and to fostering cooperation between clinicians and public health professionals.<sup>1</sup>In an accompanying editorial,<sup>2</sup>Roger Bulger, MD, eloquently summarized the educational and philosophic differences that, at times, have inhibited collaboration between these two groups. Perhaps no health problems better exemplify the importance of an interactive partnership between clinicians and public health practitioners than sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In this issue ofThe Journal, two reports from the Centers for Disease Control<sup>3,4</sup>present important recent developments in the epidemiology and treatment of syphilis and gonorrhea, the most common of the classic "old" STDs. Both reports describe national trends and have a relatively pure public health perspective. Is the information relevant to daily practice? What is the clinician's role in the