tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intercoronary Anastomotic Channels and Sudden Unexpected Death from Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: DAVID M. SPAIN, VICTORIA A. BRADESS, PEDRO IRAL, ANTONIA CRUZ
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Within the limits of the technic in this study, intercoronary anastomotic channels over 40 µ in diameter were unrelated to age and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Intercoronary anastomotic channels over 40 µ in diameter with one exception were found only in the presence of myocardial infarcts. Those persons who died suddenly and unexpectedly with advanced coronary atherosclerosis did not reveal any evidence of intercoronary anastomoses over 40 microns in diameter. This may be a possible factor in the inability of such individuals to survive a severe initial attack of myocardial ischemia.
The cell population of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas
Authors: R. WILLEMZE, C.B. GRAAFF-REITSMA, W.A. VLOTEN, C.J.L.M. MEIJER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The cellular composition of the dermal infiltrates of eleven patients with a cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (four centroblastic lymphomas, two centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas and five immunocytomas) was investigated. The distribution of both the neoplastic and the non-neoplastic cells (reactive T cells, macrophages and dendritic reticulum cells) in primary and secondary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas was very similar to that of B-cell lymphomas of the same type in lymph nodes. Reactive T cells and dendritic reticulum cells were only occasionally found in centroblastic lymphoma, but were very numerous in centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. The large majority of these T cells in centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma showed the phenotype of activated T-helper cells (Leu-I+, Leu-3a+, OKT4+, HLA-DR+). In immunocytomas many T cells reactive with Leu-I, Leu-3a, and OKT4 but not with anti-HLA-DR antiserum, and varying numbers of dendritic reticulum cells were found. Since B-cell lymphomas in lymph nodes are the neoplastic counterparts of B-cell reactions which take place after antigenic stimulation in the different lymph node compartments, our results suggest that cutaneous B-cell lymphomas may be the malignant counterparts of similar B-cell reactions in the skin.
Fewer needlestick injuries than expected occurred during immunisation campaign
Authors: A. R Haire, A Sharma
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The measles and rubella immunisation campaign in 1994 was the biggest mobilisation of immunisation services ever undertaken in Britain. This presented an opportunity to identify the rate of needlestick injuries and hepatitis B immunisation status during an immunisation campaign in staff working in the Southwark and Lewisham boroughs of London.

Questionnaires were distributed to 42 nurses and 29 doctors who immunised children during the campaign. The response rate was 67% (n=28) for …
Choosing Your Practice
Authors: Alford C. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The author states that 50% of physicians change practice situations during the first two years after completing training. He believes that we choose medicine as an occupation and select our specialty with due care and respect, yet give little importance to "choosing a practice," as judged by the minimal time and attention we devote to making this critical decision. These job changes are costly, not only financially but in lost opportunities and emotional trauma, to the neophyte physician and family. Choosing a practice is a career decision as important as any other decision the physician will ever make. According to the author, young physicians just completing their training have had a "sustained adolescence" with educators in charge of their lives. Neophyte physicians have been living in a highly structured situation with all of the major decisions in their careers made for them by those in charge. The issues of career
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ECZEMA
Authors: A. Eddowes
Journal: BMJ (1902)

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ECZEMA._j FMwwiDQ 387 prepared at the laboratories of the Royal Colleges of Physi- cians and Surgeons in London, and was injected in quantities ubually of 4,ooo Behring antitoxin units immediately.after admission, but varied from I ,000 up to 30,000 units according to the severity of the case, and the time of admission after onset.No constant relation between the quantity of anti- toxin given and frequency of eruption was noted, but in one case, where antitoxins from two different sources were injected at the same time, two separate antitoxin rashes were observed; the first occurring ten days and the second fourteen days after the giving of the antitoxins.No special sources of antitoxin were found to cause a preponderating numbpr of eruptions, and the eruptions occurred steadily throughout the two years I was working with diphtheria.Diphtheria Antitoxin Eruptions.Cases of diphtheria receiving antitoxin ... ...
Self harm in Goth youth subculture: Study merely reinforces popular stereotypes
Authors: Michelle Phillipov
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—While Goth subculture is the focus of Young et al's study, they cite only two references, only one academic.1 The authors have not consulted other pertinent studies2 3 and have not framed the results with respect to existing knowledge. For example, while Young et al show a prevalence of young men (about 2:1) in the “Goth” category, Hodkinson, …
Tetanus Toxoid Immunization in the Nonmilitary Population
Authors: Wesley Furste
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE NEED FOR NATIONWIDE tetanus toxoid immunization is currently receiving attention across the country. In support of an active campaign for civilian immunization, such as the Defense Department has so effectively accomplished in the US Armed Forces, the Ohio Committee on Trauma, of the American College of Surgeons, presents the following data: In a recent pilot study of civilians with wounds in Columbus, Ohio,<sup>1</sup>4% of males and 8% of females under 18 years of age, and 28% of males and 46% of females 18 years or older were considered not to have had adequate tetanus toxoid immunization. In the World War II battle for Manila in 1945, there were 473 reported cases of tetanus in approximately 12,000 wounded civilians who, as far as is known, had not had tetanus toxoid inoculations before being injured.<sup>2</sup>The incidence of tetanus was almost 40 per 1,000 wounded civilians. The mortality rate in
Review: Brand-name drugs are not more effective than generic versions for treating cardiovascular disease
Authors: Braden Manns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Kesselheim AS, Misono AS, Lee JL, et al. Clinical equivalence of generic and brand-name drugs used in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:2514-26. 19050195
SAFETY OF ETHYL CHLORIDE
Authors: L. B. C. Trotter
Journal: BMJ (1919)

UCi"IJOL' NCE. by the formation of a National Council established by the people themselves and absolutely free from Governmentsupervision of any sort.It is our wislh to evolve a system that will provide and maintain outdoor games and indoor clubs for all the people throughout their active lives, utilizing for these purposes existing organizations.Present arrangements are far too haphazard, and at the same time too often dependent on casual generosity.Our letter therefore suggested an organized system providing both for the co-operation.of the Ministry of Health and the approval of the people 'througlLa National Council.Thje British Red Cross and Order of St John, newly charterqd to work for the general health of the community, have in their voluntary aid detachments a complete organization capable of co-operating, as in America, on, the lines indicated.We have not presumed to advise their joint council, but we believe that their asistance will be as generously given for health in peace time as it was for sickness.in time of war.
A versatile modular vector system for rapid combinatorial mammalian genetics
Authors: Joachim Albers, Claudia Danzer, Markus Rechsteiner, Holger Lehmann, Laura P. Brandt, Tomas Hejhal, Antonella Catalano, Philipp Busenhart, Ana Filipa Gonçalves, Simone Brandt, Peter K. Bode, Beata Bode-Lesniewska, Peter J. Wild, Ian J. Frew
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Here, we describe the multiple lentiviral expression (MuLE) system that allows multiple genetic alterations to be introduced simultaneously into mammalian cells. We created a toolbox of MuLE vectors that constitute a flexible, modular system for the rapid engineering of complex polycistronic lentiviruses, allowing combinatorial gene overexpression, gene knockdown, Cre-mediated gene deletion, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated (where CRISPR indicates clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene mutation, together with expression of fluorescent or enzymatic reporters for cellular assays and animal imaging. Examples of tumor engineering were used to illustrate the speed and versatility of performing combinatorial genetics using the MuLE system. By transducing cultured primary mouse cells with single MuLE lentiviruses, we engineered tumors containing up to 5 different genetic alterations, identified genetic dependencies of molecularly defined tumors, conducted genetic interaction screens, and induced the simultaneous CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of 3 tumor-suppressor genes. Intramuscular injection of MuLE viruses expressing oncogenic H-RasG12V together with combinations of knockdowns of the tumor suppressors cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2a), transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) allowed the generation of 3 murine sarcoma models, demonstrating that genetically defined autochthonous tumors can be rapidly generated and quantitatively monitored via direct injection of polycistronic MuLE lentiviruses into mouse tissues. Together, our results demonstrate that the MuLE system provides genetic power for the systematic investigation of the molecular mechanisms that underlie human diseases.
Death Caused by Wasp and Bee Stings in Denmark 1960?1980
Authors: Holger Mosbech
Journal: Allergy (1983)

During a 21‐year period in Denmark a total of 26 deaths were caused by wasp or bee stings (according to the National Health Service). The deaths might be classified, with some overlapping, as caused by either anaphylactic/anaphylactoid shocks (between 65% and 80%), suffocation after stings in the airways (about 15%) or preexisting diseases, especially arteriselerotic heart disease (approx 20%). Characteristically, in most persons with shock reactions uncosciousness and death occurred very shortly after the sting (within 45 min), while the interval between sting and death was longer (30 min to a couple of hours) when death was caused by suffocation. In more than 21 of the 26 cases it seemed reasonable to assume the insect allergy might have contributed to the fatal outcome. Six of these cases had a previous history of abnormal reactions to insect venom, thus only a small group would have benefited from the prophylactic effect of hyposensitisation. There was no known previous history of reactions to insect stings in the other cases, but it is likely that more than six persons had had severe reactions to insect stings on other occasions. Presumably many deaths where insect stings have been involved – though not verified as causal – are classified as inexplicable or accidental, thus the real number of deaths caused by wasp or bee strings could be substantially greater. Consequently hyposensitisation after severe insect sting reaction of verified allergic genesis can still be advised.
SUPRARENAL CORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY AND CYTOTOXIC CONTRACTION OF THE SUPRARENALS
Authors: OTTO SAPHIR
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A disease of the suprarenals exists which is even rarer than tuberculosis of the suprarenals and may cause a clinical syndrome closely resembling Addison's disease. This disease is most commonly spoken of as atrophy of the suprarenal glands.<sup>1</sup>Brenner<sup>2</sup>calls it atrophy of the cortex; Roessle,<sup>3</sup>inflammatory atrophy. The use of such terms as "essential adrenal insufficiency"<sup>4</sup>signifies that the nature of this disease is not fully understood. In reviewing the literature, one gains the impression that there are apparently two entirely different diseases of the suprarenals leading to end stages which, on superficial examination at least, are confusing. Kovacs<sup>5</sup>and more recently Omelskyj<sup>6</sup>have differentiated strictly between changes purely inflammatory in nature and primary degenerative changes leading to necrosis and disappearance of the cortical cells. The inflammatory lesions of the suprarenals involve both the cortex and the medulla and are often brought about
Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms primarily characterized by erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis, respectively. Other disease features include leukocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombohemorrhagic complications, vasomotor disturbances, pruritus, and a small risk of disease progression into acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis.Almost all patients with PV harbor a JAK2 mutation. When PV is suspected, the presence of a JAK2 mutation confirms the diagnosis and its absence, combined with normal or increased serum erythropoietin level, excludes the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis of ET had to include chronic myelogenous leukemia and prefibrotic myelofibrosis. A JAK2 mutation is found in approximately 60% of patients with ET.Current risk stratification in PV and ET is designed to estimate the likelihood of thrombotic complications: high-risk is defined by the presence of age >60 years or presence of thrombosis history; low-risk is defined by the absence of both of these two risk factors. Presence of extreme thrombocytosis (platelet count >1,000 × 10(9)/L) might be associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) and, therefore, risk of bleeding. Risk factors for shortened survival in both PV and ET include advanced age, leukocytosis, and history of thrombosis.Survival is near-normal in ET and reasonably long in PV. The 10-year risk of leukemic/fibrotic transformation is <1%/1% in ET and <3%/10% in PV. In contrast, the risk of thrombosis exceeds 20%. The main goal of therapy is therefore to prevent thrombohemorrhagic complications and this is effectively and safely accomplished by the use of low-dose aspirin (PV and ET), phlebotomy (PV) and hydroxyurea (high risk PV and ET). Treatment with busulfan or interferon-α is usually effective in hydroxyurea failures. Screening for clinically significant AvWS is recommended before administrating aspirin in the presence of extreme thrombocytosis.
INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS (SANARELLI) IN PREGNANT RABBITS
Authors: Douglas H. Sprunt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

Pregnancy in rabbits alters the reactivity of the tissues to the virus of infectious myxomatosis. The livers of pregnant animals with the myxoma have a central acidophilic necrosis. Secondary lesions in the lungs are much more numerous and larger in the pregnant than in the non-gravid animals. In like manner the lesions in the spleen are more extensive in the pregnant rabbit. On the other hand the skin lesions of the pregnant animal are decreased in size.
Another angiogenesis-independent role for VEGF: SDF1-dependent cardiac repair via cardiac stem cells
Authors: F. Claes, W. Vandevelde, L. Moons, M. Tjwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘VEGF/SDF-1 promotes cardiac stem cell mobilization and myocardial repair in the infarcted heart’ by J.-M. Tang et al. , pp. 402–411, this issue. 

Mounting evidence indicates that the vascular endothelial growth factor gene (encoding the secreted growth factor VEGF) is one of those few truly essential genes in the mammalian genome. Indeed, genetic haploinsufficiency of one VEGF allele is incompatible with life and birth due to severe embryonic defects in the conversion of single endothelial cells into a network of blood vessels, thereby establishing VEGF as one of the most important angiogenic growth factors.1 Furthermore, over the past decade, pleiotropic roles of VEGF in multiple angiogenesis-(in)dependent processes were identified. VEGF was shown to affect an ever-growing list of non-endothelial cell types derived from all three embryonic lineages, including—to name a few—pneumocytes, retinal pigment epithelial cells, renal podocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cardiomyocytes, various neuronal cell types, pancreatic duct cells, and haematopoietic/muscle/dental pulp stem cells.2 Tang et al. add further evidence that VEGF also affects resident adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and stimulates cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI), effects that are at least in part independent of its angiogenic properties.3

‘VEGF and the diseased heart’ remains a very popular research topic for further development into clinically applicable therapeutic paradigms. For almost two decades now, attempts have been made to stimulate revascularization of the chronically ischaemic heart by various forms of VEGF therapy (therapeutic angiogenesis), with mixed results.4 Gradually, the applied …
Genetic Variations Associated with Postoperative Recurrence in Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kyong-Ah Yoon, Mee Kyung Jung, Donghoon Lee, Kieun Bae, Jung Nam Joo, Geon Kook Lee, Hyun-Sung Lee, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Postoperative recurrence in stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of a poor prognosis. This study aims to identify genetic variants that are associated with the prognosis of early-stage NSCLCs. Experimental Design: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 250 patients in stage I NSCLCs and the results were replicated in additional 308 patients. Results: Results from an Affymetrix Genome-wide Human SNP array in 250 patients identified 94 SNPs with significant associations (P &amp;lt; 2 × 10−4), which were selected for replication in 308 additional patients. Pooled analysis of the 558 patients determined that rs1454694 in chromosome 4q34 was the most significant marker of lung cancer prognosis in the stage I patients (adjusted HR = 2.81; P = 5.91 × 10−8). After the candidate loci were mapped, an additional four markers at chromosome 4q34.3 were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS; P &amp;lt; 5 × 10−5). A haplotype of five SNPs in 4q34 also showed significant association with RFS (P = 4.29 × 10−6). Conclusions: A genetic polymorphism rs1454694 was identified as a novel genetic risk factor for RFS of stage I NSCLCs. This genome-wide study suggests that genetic markers in 4q34.3 contribute to predict the prognosis of Korean patients with stage I NSCLCs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3272–9. ©2014 AACR.
Gene Expression Signatures Identify Rhabdomyosarcoma Subtypes and Detect a Novel t(2;2)(q35;p23) Translocation Fusing PAX3 to NCOA1
Authors: Marco Wachtel, Marcel Dettling, Eva Koscielniak, Sabine Stegmaier, Jörn Treuner, Katja Simon-Klingenstein, Peter Bühlmann, Felix K. Niggli, Beat W. Schäfer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric tumor type, which is classified based on histological criteria into two major subgroups, namely embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The majority, but not all, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma carry the specific PAX3(7)/FKHR-translocation, whereas there is no consistent genetic abnormality recognized in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. To gain additional insight into the genetic characteristics of these subtypes, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to measure the expression profiles of a group of 29 rhabdomyosarcoma biopsy samples (15 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and 10 translocation-positive and 4 translocation-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma). Hierarchical clustering revealed expression signatures clearly discriminating all three of the subgroups. Differentially expressed genes included several tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors, which might be amenable to pharmacological intervention. In addition, the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma signature was used to classify an additional alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma case lacking any known PAX3 or PAX7 fusion as belonging to the translocation-positive group, leading to the identification of a novel translocation t(2;2)(q35;p23), which generates a fusion protein composed of PAX3 and the nuclear receptor coactivator NCOA1, having similar transactivation properties as PAX3/FKHR. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that gene expression profiling is capable of identifying novel chromosomal translocations.
Alterations in calcium levels of coronary sinus blood during coronary arteriography in the dog.
Authors: C B Higgins, W Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Intracoronary administration of contrast materials causes myocardial depression which is related to serveral physiochemical properties of the contrast solution. The role of variations in ambient calcium ions (Ca++) in mediating this effect was evaluated in 19 anesthetized dogs. Sodium meglumine diatrizoate caused decreases in left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVPSP),-12.6 +/- 3.2%, and dp/dt at a left ventricular pressure (LVP) of 40 mm Hg, -14.3 +/- 4.1%. The total calcium (Cat) decreased from 10.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.5 +/- 0.2 mg%, while Ca++ decreased from 4.6 +/- 0.1 mg% to 2.3 +/- 0.7 mg%. In the presence of systemic hypocalcemia the myocardial depressant actions of this contrast materials were accentuated. Intracoronary administration of contrast material with added Ca++, calcium sodium meglumine metrizoate, caused no myocardial depression. Total calcium decreased only slightly (10.2 +/- 0.2 to 9.1 +/- 0.2 mg%), while Ca++ increased (4.8 +/- 0.1 to 5.1 +/- 0.2 mg%. During systemic hypocalcemia, the calcium metrizoate compound induced increases in LVPSP and dp/dt/LBP40. Thus, contrast materials caused myocardial depression which, at least in part, was related to reduction of ambient calcium through a dilutional and binding action. The addition of Ca++ to monomeric contrast materials reversed the myocardial depressant action and produced a transient rise in ambient Ca++.
CALCIFICATION OF INTRARENAL ARTERIES GIVING ROENTGEN APPEARANCE OF CALCULI
Authors: GEORGE WINTHROP FISH
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Calcification of the walls of the large intrarenal branches of the renal arteries in such a way as to give the roentgenologic appearance of calculi or tuberculous calcification is extremely rare.  Calcification of this type has occasionally been noted at the postmortem table, but so far as we have been able to determine there are no reports in the literature of a case similar to this one and only a few vague references as to the possibility of its occurrence:  A white man, aged 54, was first admitted to the clinic, March 18, 1929, with a benign hypertrophy of the prostate and acute urinary retention. A roentgen examination of the genito-urinary tract showed in the kidney regions several shadows that were thought to resemble calculi or to be due to a tuberculous process in the kidneys. A roentgenogram of the chest, at this time, was entirely negative.  Catheter drainage was