tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS IN PNEUMONIA WITH A NON-PROTEIN SOMATIC FRACTION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: William S. Tillett, Thomas Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. Sera from individuals acutely ill with lobar pneumonia possess the capacity to precipitate in high titre a non-protein somatic fraction derived from pneumococci (Fraction C). Following crisis the reaction is no longer demonstrable. 2. Sera obtained from cases of pneumococcus pneumonia during illness and convalescence have been tested for antibodies specifically reactive with three chemically distinct constituents of Pneumococcus. The results, when correlated with the course of disease, demonstrate differences in the occurrence of each qualitatively distinct antibody. 3. The precipitation of pneumococcus Fraction C is not limited to the sera of individuals ill with pneumococcus infection. But in the few other cases available for comparative tests, definite reactions have been obtained only in streptococcus and staphylococcus infections and in acute rheumatic fever.
Cellular Basis of Biventricular Hypertrophy and Arrhythmogenesis in Dogs With Chronic Complete Atrioventricular Block and Acquired Torsade de Pointes
Authors: Paul G. A. Volders, Karin R. Sipido, Marc A. Vos, Attila Kulcsár, S. Cora Verduyn, Hein J. J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —In the dog with chronic complete atrioventricular block (AVB), torsade de pointes arrhythmias (TdP) can be induced reproducibly by class III antiarrhythmic agents. In vivo studies reveal important electrophysiological alterations of the heart at 5 weeks of AVB, resulting in increased proarrhythmia. Autopsy studies indicate the presence of biventricular hypertrophy. In this study, the cellular basis of proarrhythmia and hypertrophy in chronic AVB was investigated. Methods and Results —From chronic-AVB dogs with increased heart weights and TdP, left midmyocardial and right ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic dispersion. These myocytes were significantly larger than sinus rhythm (SR) controls. In chronic AVB, the action potential spike-and-dome configuration was preserved. However, the action potential duration (APD) at 95% and 50% of repolarization of the left midmyocardium was significantly larger in chronic AVB than in SR, with little change in the right ventricle, causing enhanced interventricular dispersion of repolarization at slow pacing rates. Treatment with the class III agent almokalant increased the APD to a much larger extent in chronic-AVB than in SR myocytes and resulted in a higher incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs). EADs had their takeoff potential between −35 and 0 mV. There was no evidence that spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release underlies these EADs. Conclusions —In the dog, chronic AVB leads to hypertrophy of both right and left ventricular myocytes. The repolarization abnormalities predisposing for class III–dependent TdP in vivo are the results of cellular electrophysiological remodeling.
US hospital errors have fallen, says government report
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hospital acquired conditions, such as adverse drug events, central line associated bloodstream infections, and ventilator associated pneumonias, declined by 17% from 2010 to 2013, resulting in 50 000 fewer patient deaths and $12bn (£7.7bn; €9.7bn) in healthcare savings, a report released by the US Department of Health …
Painless abdominal apoplexy.
Authors: R. W. Lloyd-Davies, N. F. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Spontaneous rupture of retroperitoneal vessels is rare, but when it occurs it is almost invariably accompanied by pain, ileus, and increasing shock (Kennedy Browne and Glashan, 1965).In the following case an apparently normal retroperitoneal artery ruptured, producing severe shock but no pain whatsoever.
Soul searching and heart throbbing for biological modeling
Authors: Daniel L. Young, Chi-Sang Poon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Biological models are useful not only because they can simulate biological behaviors, but because they may shed light on the inner workings of complex biological structures and functions as deduced by top-down and/or bottom-up reasoning. Beyond the stylistic appeal of specific implementation methods, a model should be appraised according to its ability to bring out the underlying organizing and operating principles – which are truly the model's heart and soul.
Blood Disorders Due to Drugs and Other Agents
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book is a welcome addition to the voluminous literature on drug-induced blood disorders. The introductory chapter is a general consideration of fundamental problems with therapeutic agents, drug interactions, host responses to drugs and problems related to the physician's judgment. Other chapters are concerned with hemolytic anemias, erythrocyte enzyme deficiency states, megaloblastic and hypoplastic anemias, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenic states. Each chapter is a comprehensive review of the subject, with profuse bibliographical citations (eg, 535 references in the chapter on agranulocytosis, dated through 1971). "Nonhematological" drug-induced diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus are not included in the book. A more serious omission is the recently emphasized recognition that acute leukemia may be induced by the prolonged use of melphalan, chlorambucil, and other antineoplastic agents. Appropriately, an entire chapter is devoted to chloramphenicol, but one can question the inclusion of a chapter on hematological aspects of radiation in a book on drug-induced
Hypermethylation of the <i>p15</i><sup><i>INK4B</i></sup> gene promoter in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sotirios G. Papageorgiou, Stefanos Lambropoulos, Vassiliki Pappa, Christina Economopoulou, Frinta Kontsioti, Efstathios Papageorgiou, Panagiotis Tsirigotis, John Dervenoulas, Theofanis Economopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract The p15 gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene that encodes a member of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. Inactivation of p15 by promoter hypermethylation has been postulated as a possible way by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated in cancer. In this study, we examined the methylation status of the p15 gene promoter in 34 patients with B‐Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B‐CLL), by the Methylation‐Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. Selective methylation of the p15 gene promoter was found in 4/34 cases (11.8%). According to Rai staging, the four patients with methylated p15 were staged on diagnosis as: 1 on Stage 0, 1 in Stage I, 1 in Stage III, and 1 in Stage IV. Our results suggest that methylation of the p15 gene promoter can be detected in a small subset of B‐CLL patients, at all stages of the disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Galvani’s Spark: The Story of the Nerve Impulse
Authors: Robert Root-Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The immunosuppressive effect of ursodeoxycholic acid: A comparativein vitro study on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Florence Lacaille, Khazal Paradis
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Ursodeoxycholic acid is an efficient treatment for putatively immune-mediated liver diseases, but its mechanism of action is unknown. We studied human mononuclear cell proliferation as an in vitro model for cell-mediated immunity in the presence of ursodeoxycholic acid, its glycoconjugate and tauroconjugate and chenodeoxycholic acid at concentrations of 5, 25 and 50 mumol/L. Proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner compared with control values (15% to 54% depending on the bile acid, concentration and mitogen used), except at 5 mumol/L where inhibition was significant with only one mitogenic stimulus of the three used. With one mitogen (phorbolester) the inhibition was additive with that of cyclosporine. The number of cell-surface receptors studied was not modified by bile acids. Interleukin-2 production was decreased 35% to 60% by ursodeoxycholic acid and its conjugates. The proliferation of the interleukin-2-dependent cell line CTLL-2 was also inhibited. The immunosuppression was reversible except at a chenodeoxycholic acid concentration of 50 mumol/L. Because bile acids are able to partition into membranes and change their properties, we speculate that this allows them to interact with cell-surface receptors or signaling systems within the membrane or on its inner face, thus impairing their function. This would inhibit the numerous extracellular messages that lymphocytes need to proliferate.
Bar Soap and Liquid Soap-Reply
Authors: John E. Heinze
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The central issue is that a single research study has been over-interpreted to imply a health risk to bar-soap users when, in fact, there is no scientific evidence to support this supposition. The finding of microorganisms on in-use soap bars, reported by Dr Kabara, is neither new nor unexpected, given the ubiquitous nature of microorganisms. Published research shows that bacteria on soap bars are not transferred to the hands during washing.<sup>1</sup>Dr Kabara's criticisms of this study are irrelevant (saline and neutralizers are not needed to recover bacteria after washing with a nongermicidal soap and tap water) or invalid (the entire outer surface of the bars was sampled; only the insides were not sampled!). Dr Kabara has presented no data, nor has any laboratory or epidemiologic study been published that contradicts the finding that bacteria are not transferred to the hands during washing with soap bars. On
FDA Takes Slow Road Toward Withdrawal of Drug Approved With Fast-Track Process
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GUMMA ON THE FACE, SIMULATING LACHRYMAL FISTULA.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Wherever there is connective tissue there we may find gummatous inflammation. I suppose this is an axiom in pathology, and yet it is one I am myself very often forgetting, so I am not guilty of disrespect if I assume that it is occasionally forgotten by others. The following case is given, therefore, to illustrate how careful one should be, not only in making an examination, but also in searching the history for some causal factor which may have been neglected in any treatment previously attempted. Mrs. A. B., married, four children living, one born dead, was seen by me after she had been examined and treated for the last six months elsewhere. She complained of a sore on the nose just underneath the inner edge of the right lower lid, for which, she said, all kinds of washes, salves and injections had been tried without relief. The examination showed
The Philosophy of Palliative Care: Critique and Reconstruction
Authors: Paul Keeley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I t was Baroness Julia Neuberger who described the NHS as a theological institution in the pages of this journal ( BMJ 1999;319: 1588-9). Randall and Downie's new book, in which they argue that end of life care has become overprofessionalised, is not so much a philosophy of palliative care as a theological tract. In treating the Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine as a sacred text, the World Health Organization as a synod, and Dame Cicely Saunders (obituary BMJ 2005;331: …
Left Ventricular Contractility Varies Directly with Blood Ionized Calcium
Authors: ROBERTO M. LANG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the effect of variations in blood ionized calcium (Ca2+) on myocardial contractility independent of changes in loading conditions and other biochemical variables. Design: Hemodialysis done in a randomized, double-blind manner with dialysates differing in calcium concentration only. Left ventricular contractility was assessed using the load- and heart rate-independent relationship between end-systolic wall stress (<es) and rate-corrected velocity of fiber shortening (Vcfc). Setting: In-hospital dialysis unit and echocardiography laboratory of a university medical center. Patients: Seven patients with stable, chronic renal failure maintained on regular hemodialysis. Interventions: Each patient was hemodialyzed three times within 1 week with dialysates differing in calcium concentration only. Ultrafiltration was adjusted to achieve the same postdialysis weight. Immediately after dialysis, two-dimensionally targeted M-mode echocardiographic and calibrated carotid pulse tracings were recorded over a wide range of left ventricular end-systolic wall stress values (a measure of left ventricular afterload) generated by either methoxamine or nitroprusside. Measurements and Main Results: After dialysis, three statistically distinct levels of Ca2+ were achieved. When Ca2+ was 1.34 ± 0.03 mmol/L, Vcfc, calculated at a common level of afterload (<es = 50 g/cm2), was 1.01 ± 0.05 circ/sec; at low Ca2+ (1.02 ± 0.02 mmol/L), Vcfc fell to 0.89 ± 0.04 circ/sec (P < 0.001 compared with medium); at high Ca2+ (1.68 ± 0.07 mmol/L) Vcfc rose to 1.10 ± 0.03 circ/sec (P < 0.001 compared with medium and low). Conclusion: Variations in Ca2+ are directly correlated with clinically significant changes in myocardial contractility.
ROENTGEN RAY TECHNIC IN DERMATOLOGY.
Authors: MIHRAN K. KASSABIAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The value of Roentgen rays in the domain of dermatology has been thoroughly tested and cordially approved. Its place in medicine, as a therapeutic agent, is now established on a sound and rational basis. I have, therefore, attempted to prepare a brief paper on "Roentgen Ray Technic in Dermatology," because the technic, or, if you wish, the art, the skill of application, is the one great prime essential demanded of every operator, if he would attain the very best possible results. So diametrically opposed are the announcements made relative to the value, the uses and the results attained by the Roentgen rays in cutaneous affections, that an explanation for these varying opinions must be sought in the differences in technic employed by the great army of<i>x</i>-ray therapists the world over. Needless to say, the Roentgenologist must be an adept at his work. The hand of the tyro holds
The induction of angiogenesis by cerium oxide nanoparticles through the modulation of oxygen in intracellular environments
Authors: Soumen Das, Sanjay Singh, Janet M. Dowding, Saji Oommen, Amit Kumar, Thi X.T. Sayle, Shashank Saraf, Chitta R. Patra, Nicholas E. Vlahakis, Dean C. Sayle, William T. Self, Sudipta Seal
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
NHS faces job cuts as financial crisis deepens
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS was last week engulfed in a political storm over spiralling debts and mounting job losses. In the space of seven days, hospital trusts announced that nearly 3000 jobs were to be axed, as the financial crisis deepened. By the beginning of this week health economists were predicting a total end of year deficit of £800m (€1.2bn; $1.4bn).

One of the country's leading teaching hospitals, the Royal Free in north London, announced that 480 jobs would go, while the axe will fall most heavily at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire, which is preparing to shed up to 1000 staff.

The opposition Conservative Party predicted that in total more than 20 000 NHS posts were under threat. The shadow health secretary Andrew Lansley said, “There is a financial crisis, and they don't know how to cope with it.”

The health secretary Patricia Hewitt hit back, accusing the Conservatives of seeking to undermine the NHS by exaggerating the gravity of the …
COMMUNISM IN MEDICINE
Authors: J. L. Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial on this subject under the title "The Physician's Responsibility in Preventive Medicine" (The Journal, Febuary 12, p. 484) is opportune. If conscientiously studied by the medical profession, the editorial will do good. In Toledo, city authorities have fitted out about a hundred policemen with first aid kits! Many of these policemen are of less than eighth grade education, and yet the young physician is taxed to help pay policemen. A patron who was drawing a yearly salary of not less than $3,000 was immunized against diphtheria "because it did not cost anything." Everybody on the city payroll, and their friends, are immunized at city expense. There are thousands of such "free" immunizations. The medical profession sponsors the "Medical Service Bureau." Four dollars a month puts and keeps a physician on its list. It is adroitly advertised in the newspapers. After the "first aid," the bureau
Abstract 3126: Insulinoma-associated 1 is a key transcriptional regulator of growth and survival-promoting pathways in small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Camilla L. Christensen, Takeshi Shimamura, Esra A. Akbay, Signe R. Michaelsen, Hans S. Poulsen, Kwok-kin Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1) is neuroendocrine (NE) transcription factor which temporal and spatial expression pattern is restricted to regions undergoing NE differentiation during embryogenesis. INSM1 is however re-expressed at high levels in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) together with an array of other NE markers. The NE signature of SCLC is a central diagnostic tool for the disease but recent data pinpoints that this distinct signature might play a role in SCLC pathogenesis. The functional role of INSM1 in SCLC was here investigated by shRNA-mediated silencing of INSM1 in a panel of SCLC cell lines. Upon silencing of INSM1, significant reduction in cell viability was observed as measured by MTT assay. This reduction in cell viability was concomitant with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis as measured by BrdU incorporation and cleaved caspase 3/7 levels, respectively. Accordingly with phenotypic growth changes it was demonstrated that INSM1 silencing caused reduced phosphorylation of members of the growth- and survival-promoting PI3K/Akt, MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways and reduced levels of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) members c-IAP1, XIAP and survivin. Importantly, it was shown that INSM1 is an upstream regulator of signatures previously shown to play a role in SCLC tumorigenesis, including achate-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) pathway. Upon silencing of INSM1, a decrease in mRNA and protein levels of ASCL1 and downstream targets aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) was observed. Furthermore, mRNA levels of the SHh positive mediators Gli2, Gli3 and Smoothened was downregulated while the SHh inhibitor Patched was upregulated upon INSM1 silencing. Futhermore, overexpression of the Notch1 intracellular domain in SCLC cells resulted in a significant reduction in INSM1 expression and cell viability. This suggest that a master inhibitor of the NE signature, Notch1 signaling, could be an inhibitor of INSM1-driven tumorigenesis. In conclusion, INSM1 is a potential key driver of growth- and survival-promoting pathways in SCLC and warrants further investigation of INSM1 as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: Camilla L. Christensen, Takeshi Shimamura, Esra A. Akbay, Signe R. Michaelsen, Hans S. Poulsen, Kwok-kin Wong. Insulinoma-associated 1 is a key transcriptional regulator of growth and survival-promoting pathways in small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3126
Some hematopoietic stem cells are more equal than others
Authors: Hanno Hock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) save lives in routine clinical practice every day, as they are the key element in transplantation-based therapies for hematologic malignancies. The success of clinical stem cell transplantation critically relies on the ability of stem cells to reconstitute the hematopoietic system for many decades after the administration of the powerful chemotherapy and/or irradiation that is required to eradicate malignant cells, but also irreversibly ablates patients’ own blood forming capacity. Surprisingly, despite enormous efforts and continuous progress in the field, our understanding of the basic biology of HSCs is still rather incomplete. Several recent studies substantially refine our understanding of the cells at the very top of the hematopoietic hierarchy, and suggest that we may need to revise the criteria we typically use to identify and define HSCs.